tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Women
Authors: E. A. Holly, M. L. Ralston, T. M. Darragh, R. M. Greenblatt, N. Jay, J. M. Palefsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Anal cancers are thought to arise from squamous intraepithelial lesions in the anal canal, and women infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) may be at higher risk of anal cancer. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related abnormalities of the anal canal in women and to characterize risk factors for these lesions. Methods: We evaluated HPV-related abnormalities in 251 HIV-positive and in 68 HIV-negative women. We completed physical examinations and obtained questionnaire data on medical history and relevant sexual practices. Univariate and adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using the Mantel–Haenszel procedure and regression techniques. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Abnormal anal cytology, including atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), was diagnosed in 26% of HIV-positive and in 8% of HIV-negative women. HSILs were detected by histology or cytology in 6% of HIV-positive and in 2% of HIV-negative women. HIV-positive women showed increased risk of anal disease as the CD4 count decreased (P<.0001) and as the plasma HIV RNA viral load increased (P = .02). HIV-positive women with abnormal cervical cytology had an increased risk of abnormal anal cytology at the same visit (RR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.4 to 3.3). Abnormal anal cytology in HIV-positive women was associated with anal HPV RNA detected by the polymerase chain reaction and by a nonamplification-based test (RR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.6 to 11). In a multivariate analysis, the history of anal intercourse and concurrent abnormal cervical cytology also were statistically significantly (P = .05) associated with abnormal anal cytology. Conclusions: HIV-positive women had a higher risk of abnormal anal cytology than did HIV-negative women with high-risk lifestyle factors. These data provide strong support for anoscopic and histologic assessment and careful follow-up of women with abnormal anal lesions.
Cyr61 Is Overexpressed in Gliomas and Involved in Integrin-Linked Kinase-Mediated Akt and β-Catenin-TCF/Lef Signaling Pathways
Authors: Dong Xie, Dong Yin, Xiangjun Tong, James O’Kelly, Akio Mori, Carl Miller, Keith Black, Dorina Gui, Johathan W. Said, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Cyr61 is a member of the CCN family of growth factors; these proteins are secreted and can act as ligands of distinct integrins. We show that Cyr61 can enhance tumorigenicity of glioma cells acting through activated integrin-linked kinase (ILK) to stimulate β-catenin-TCF/Lef and Akt signaling pathways. Overexpression of Cyr61 occurred in highly tumorigenic glioma cell lines and in 68% of the most malignant glioblastoma multiforme brain tumors. Forced expression of Cyr61 in U343 glioma cells accelerated their growth in liquid culture, enhanced their anchorage-independent proliferation in soft agar, and significantly increased their ability to form large, vascularized tumors in nude mice. Overexpression of Cyr61 in the U343 cells led to the up-regulation of distinct integrins, including β1 and ανβ3, which have been shown to interact with Cyr61 and ILK. The activity of ILK was increased dramatically in these cells. Overexpression of Cyr61 also resulted in the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, leading to activation of the β-catenin-TCF/Lef-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, forced expression of Cyr61 in the glioma cells activated phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase pathway, resulting in prominent phosphorylation of Akt and the antiapoptotic protein Bad. Cyr61 appears to stimulate several signaling pathways in the development of gliomas.
Lines for a Mentor: (Read at the 70th birthday celebration of Fred V. Lucas, MD)
Authors: H. J. Van Peenen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Ad Libitum15 August 1993Lines for a Mentor: (Read at the 70th birthday celebration of Fred V. Lucas, MD)H. J. Van PeenenH. J. Van PeenenSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Since legend is by definition mythic,not electron-spinning confusion at the realmof subatomic reality, it is not dishonestto add to it, expand it as we wish,letting each generation enrich the story.And so it is that depending on whom you read,Mentor, wise counselor of Odysseus, tutorto his son, often Athena's mouthpiece,is sometimes portrayed as a centaur, half horse,half man, which gives an idea of the sourceFor Mike Fink's description of his Missouri selfas half horse and half alligator. Also, Chiron, learned in music and medicine,teacher of Aesculapius and our first forebearwas certainly a centaur. Granted that,it follows that our ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 4Page: 342KeywordsMemory Issue Published: 15 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Law might change to protect people who have computed tomography
Authors: L. Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The laws that govern computed tomography (CT) might have to change to protect vulnerable patients, an expert from the UK Health Protection Agency has said. Scans of the full body that people without symptoms have as part of preventive health checks are not covered by the existing regulations.

Commercial companies offer such scans to the public, with advertisements in the national press or leaflets delivered to people’s homes, said Ron Wheelton of the Health Protection Agency’s radiation protection division at the agency’s conference in Coventry last week.

But the Justification of Practices Involving Ionising Radiation Regulations 2004 and the Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000 do not cover such scans for people who have no symptoms, pointed out Steve Ebdon-Jackson of the agency’s medical exposure …
FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 23 IS A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR CARDIAC FUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: Miki Imazu, Masanori Asakura, Hiroyuki Takahama, Atsushi Nakano, Akira Funada, Yasuo Sugano, Takahiro Ohara, Takuya Hasegawa, Hideaki Kanzaki, Toshihisa Anzai, Hiroshi Asanuma, Masafumi Kitakaze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Ligand-Independent EPHA2 Signaling Drives the Adoption of a Targeted Therapy–Mediated Metastatic Melanoma Phenotype
Authors: Kim H.T. Paraiso, Meghna Das Thakur, Bin Fang, John M. Koomen, Inna V. Fedorenko, Jobin K. John, Hensin Tsao, Keith T. Flaherty, Vernon K. Sondak, Jane L. Messina, Elena B. Pasquale, Alejandro Villagra, Uma N. Rao, John M. Kirkwood, Friedegund Meier, Sarah Sloot, Geoffrey T. Gibney, Darrin Stuart, Hussein Tawbi, Keiran S.M. Smalley
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract Many patients with BRAF inhibitor resistance can develop disease at new sites, suggesting that drug-induced selection pressure drives metastasis. Here, we used mass spectrometry–based phosphoproteomic screening to uncover ligand-independent EPHA2 signaling as an adaptation to BRAF inhibitor therapy that led to the adoption of a metastatic phenotype. The EPHA2-mediated invasion was AKT-dependent and readily reversible upon removal of the drug as well as through PI3K and AKT inhibition. In xenograft models, BRAF inhibition led to the development of EPHA2-positive metastases. A retrospective analysis of patients with melanoma on BRAF inhibitor therapy showed that 68% of those failing therapy develop metastases at new disease sites, compared with 35% of patients on dacarbazine. Further IHC staining of melanoma specimens taken from patients on BRAF inhibitor therapy as well as metastatic samples taken from patients failing therapy showed increased EPHA2 staining. We suggest that inhibition of ligand-independent EPHA2 signaling may limit metastases associated with BRAF inhibitor therapy. Significance: This study provides evidence that BRAF inhibition promotes the adoption of a reversible, therapy-driven metastatic phenotype in melanoma. The cotargeting of ligand-independent EPHA2 signaling and BRAF may be one strategy to prevent the development of therapy-mediated disease at new sites. Cancer Discov; 5(3); 264–73. ©2014 AACR. See related article by Miao et al., p. 274 This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 213
Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells promote hepatocarcinoma progression: Role of the S100A4-miR155-SOCS1-MMP9 axis
Authors: Xin-Long Yan, Ya-Li Jia, Lin Chen, Quan Zeng, Jun-Nian Zhou, Chun-Jiang Fu, Hai-Xu Chen, Hong-Feng Yuan, Zhi-Wei Li, Lei Shi, Ying-Chen Xu, Jing-Xue Wang, Xiao-Mei Zhang, Li-Juan He, Chao Zhai, Wen Yue, Xue-Tao Pei
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role in modulating tumor progression. However, the interactions between liver cancer-associated MSCs (LC-MSCs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unreported. Here, we identified the presence of MSCs in HCC tissues. We also showed that LC-MSCs significantly enhanced tumor growth in vivo and promoted tumor sphere formation in vitro. LC-MSCs also promoted HCC metastasis in an orthotopic liver transplantation model. Complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis showed that S100A4 expression was significantly higher in LC-MSCs compared with liver normal MSCs (LN-MSCs) from adjacent cancer-free tissues. Importantly, the inhibition of S100A4 led to a reduction of proliferation and invasion of HCC cells, while exogenous S100A4 expression in HCC cells resulted in heavier tumors and more metastasis sites. Our results indicate that S100A4 secreted from LC-MSCs can promote HCC cell proliferation and invasion. We then found the expression of oncogenic microRNA (miR)-155 in HCC cells was significantly up-regulated by coculture with LC-MSCs and by S100A4 ectopic overexpression. The invasion-promoting effects of S100A4 were significantly attenuated by a miR-155 inhibitor. These results suggest that S100A4 exerts its effects through the regulation of miR-155 expression in HCC cells. We demonstrate that S100A4 secreted from LC-MSCs promotes the expression of miR-155, which mediates the down-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, leading to the subsequent activation of STAT3 signaling. This promotes the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 9, which results in increased tumor invasiveness.S100A4 secreted from LC-MSCs is involved in the modulation of HCC progression, and may be a potential therapeutic target. (HEPATOLOGY 2013).
Human malignant melanoma and the ultrastructural DOPA reaction
Authors: J.A.A. Hunter, W.D. Paterson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Human malignant melanoma and the ultrastructural DOPA reaction Get access J.A.A. Hunter, J.A.A. Hunter Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.D. Paterson W.D. Paterson Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Page 25, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12491.x Published: 01 July 1974
A NEW APPARATUS FOR FRACTURE OF THE CLAVICLE.
Authors: EVAN O'NEILL KANE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The treatment for fracture of the clavicle is almost uniformly unsuccessful. Were it not that the resulting rounded shoulder, narrowed chest and bone deformity do not materially injure the patient, the best surgeons would be continually mulcted in malpractice suits. It is true that if the patient can be placed for three or four weeks upon his back; a narrow cushion below and a shot-bag above, a perfect result may be obtained; but few can bear with so irksome a treatment for so comparatively trivial an injury. No other methods of treatment produce perfect results; and all are painful or even prejudicial to the patient's health. Many of these apparatus are now discarded as cumbrous, complicated and unsatisfactory. the pad in the axilla sooner or later exerts so much pressure upon the nerves and vessels as to require its removal. Bandaging the arm across the chest, rarely attains more than
Supine Exercise Electrocardiography Compared with Exercise Radionuclide Angiography in Noninvasive Identification of Severe Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Raymond J. Gibbons, Alan R. Zinsmeister, Todd D. Miller, Ian P. Clements
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To determine the incremental value of exercise radionuclide angiography for identification of severe coronary artery disease. Design: Retrospective analysis comparing logistic regression models. Setting: A tertiary care referral center. Patients: Three hundred and ninety-one consecutive patients who had normal resting electrocardiograms (ECGs) and no digoxin therapy within the previous week. Measurements and Main Results: The exercise ECG model, consisting of magnitude of ST depression, exercise heart rate, and patient gender, was highly predictive of three vessel or left main coronary artery disease (X 2 = 100, P < 0.0001). The model correctly classified 60% of the study group which included 56 patients with and 179 without severe disease. The addition of radionuclide angiographic variables improved the predictive power of the model (X 2 = 124, P < 0.0001). However, the exercise radionuclide angiographic variables increased the number of patients who were correctly classified by only 11 and the percentage by 3% (to a total of 63% of the study group). Conclusions: The modest additional advantage provided by exercise radionuclide angiography for identification of three vessel or left main coronary artery disease in patients with normal resting ECGs would not appear to justify its routine use for this purpose. Before this conclusion is used as a guide for clinical practice, our results should be prospectively confirmed in a separate sample of patients in another institution.
Mental stress inhibits the intimal fibromuscular proliferation through endogenous opioid system in the process of arterial remodeling
Authors: Kunimitsu Iwai, Masayuki Matsumoto, Kenichi Kawanishi, Yukiharu Nishimura, Hiroshi Murai, Ling Y. Kong, Tsuyoshi Nakahashi, Hideyuki Hattori, Shigeto Morimoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Deadline to end world hunger by 2025 is being allowed to "quietly wither away"
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The World Summit on Food Security is failing to make progress, say aid organisations, after its meeting this week in Rome.

Campaigners say that the meeting of the summit, organised by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, produced no pledges of extra money, failed to prioritise the problem of infant malnutrition, and allowed the summit’s 2025 deadline for ending world hunger to “quietly wither away.” 

The lack of Western leaders came in for particular criticism. The only leader present from the G8 (the group of eight most industrialised countries) was the Italian president, Silvio Berlusconi.

Matthew Grainger, …
Supplementary motor area structure and function: Review and hypotheses
Authors: Gary Goldberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1985)

Abstract Though its existence has been known for well over 30 years, only recently has the supplementary motor area (SMA) and its role in the cortical organization of movement come to be examined in detail by neuroscientists. Evidence from a wide variety of investigational perspectives is reviewed in an attempt to synthesize a conceptual framework for understanding SMA function. It is suggested that the SMA has an important role to play in the intentional process whereby internal context influences the elaboration of action. It may be viewed as phylogenetically older motor cortex, derived from anterior cingulate periarchicortical limbic cortex, which, as a key part of a medial premotor system, is crucial in the “programming” and fluent execution of extended action sequences which are “projectional” in that they rely on model-based prediction. This medial system can be distinguished from a lateral premotor system postulated to have evolved over phylogeny from a different neural source. An anatomico-physiologic model of the medial premotor system is proposed which embodies the principles of cyclicity and reentrance in the process of selecting those neural components to become active in conjunction with the performance of a particular action. The postulated dynamic action of this model in the microgenesis of a discrete action is outlined. It is concluded that although there is a great deal to be learned about the SMA, a convergence of current evidence can be identified. Such evidence suggests that the SMA plays an important role in the development of the intention-to-act and the specification and elaboration of action through its mediation between medial limbic cortex and primary motor cortex.
Paclitaxel Inhibits Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration In Vitro and In Vivo Using Local Drug Delivery
Authors: Dorothea I. Axel, Wolfgang Kunert, Christoph Göggelmann, Martin Oberhoff, Christian Herdeg, Axel Küttner, Doris H. Wild, Bernhard R. Brehm, Reimer Riessen, Gerhard Köveker, Karl R. Karsch
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The antineoplastic compound paclitaxel (Taxol) causes an increased assembly of extraordinarily stable microtubules. The present study was designed to characterize the effects of paclitaxel on proliferation and migration of human arterial smooth muscle cells (haSMCs) in vitro and on neointima formation in an in vivo experimental rabbit model.Both monocultures of haSMCs and cocultures with human arterial endothelial cells (haECs) were used. Cell growth after 4, 8, and 14 days was determined in the absence or presence of platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or thrombin. Nonstop paclitaxel exposure, as well as single-dose applications of paclitaxel for 24 hours or even 20 minutes (0.1 to 10.0 micromol/L), caused a complete and prolonged inhibition of haSMC growth up to day 14, with an IC50 of 2.0 nmol/L. Mitogens or cocultures with stimulating haECs did not significantly attenuate paclitaxel-induced effects. Immunohistochemistry showed characteristic cytoskeletal changes predominantly in the microtubule network. Additionally, in 20 male New Zealand White rabbits, intimal plaques were produced by electrical stimulation. In 10 animals, paclitaxel was locally applied by use of microporous balloons. Histologically, the intima wall area, wall thickness, and degree of stenosis were reduced significantly in paclitaxel-treated animals compared with controls.Our data show that paclitaxel inhibits haSMC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner in monocultures and cocultures even in the presence of mitogens. Furthermore, paclitaxel prevents neointima formation in rabbits after balloon angioplasty. The long-lasting effect after just several minutes' exposure time makes this lipophilic substance a promising candidate for local antiproliferative therapy of restenosis.
The endocannabinoid system controls food intake via olfactory processes
Authors: Edgar Soria-Gómez, Luigi Bellocchio, Leire Reguero, Gabriel Lepousez, Claire Martin, Mounir Bendahmane, Sabine Ruehle, Floor Remmers, Tifany Desprez, Isabelle Matias, Theresa Wiesner, Astrid Cannich, Antoine Nissant, Aya Wadleigh, Hans-Christian Pape, Anna Paola Chiarlone, Carmelo Quarta, Daniéle Verrier, Peggy Vincent, Federico Massa, Beat Lutz, Manuel Guzmán, Hirac Gurden, Guillaume Ferreira, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Pedro Grandes, Giovanni Marsicano
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Seasonal patterns in the diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma: analysis of the data of the German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry
Authors: A. Blum, U. Ellwanger, C. Garbe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Seasonal patterns in the diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma: analysis of the data of the German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry Get access A. Blum, A. Blum Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeistestrasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Ellwanger, U. Ellwanger Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeistestrasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Garbe C. Garbe Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeistestrasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 6, 1 June 1997, Pages 968–969, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03947.x Published: 01 June 1997
Arachidonic acid supplementation enhances hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative injury of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes
Authors: M. Toraason, H. Wey, M. Woolery, P. Plews, P. Hoffmann
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Selective fatty acid supplementation of non-myocardial cells has been reported to enhance oxidative injury. The purpose of this study was to extend this research by determining if supplementation of isolated cardiac myocytes with arachidonic acid increases myocyte sensitivity to H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity.Myocytes were supplemented with arachidonic acid by complexing it with calf serum and adding it to myocytes at a final concentration of 0, 50, or 100 microM for 36 h. Myocytes were then exposed to 50 or 100 microM H2O2 for 1 h and lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity were assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lactate dehydrogenase release into culture medium. To determine if unesterified arachidonic acid contributed to oxidative injury, 100 microM arachidonic acid was added directly to cultured myocytes in serum-free buffer. Vitamin E and desferrioxamine were assessed for their ability to protect against oxidative injury induced by unesterified arachidonic acid or H2O2.Supplementation with 100 microM arachidonic acid for 36 h increased the arachidonic acid content of phospholipids from 0.58(SD 0.06) to 0.90(0.19) nmol.nmol-1 lipid phosphorus. A 1 h exposure to H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity in a concentration dependent manner. Pretreatment of myocytes with 10 microM vitamin E or 1 mM desferrioxamine prevented H2O2 induced effects. Arachidonic acid supplementation at 50 or 100 microM significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation induced by 100 microM H2O2, whereas cytotoxicity was increased only in myocytes supplemented with 100 microM arachidonic acid. Addition of unesterified arachidonic acid directly to cultured myocytes caused marked cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation which were prevented by vitamin E or desferrioxamine.Arachidonic acid supplementation of cardiac myocytes modifies fatty acid content of phospholipids and enhances the susceptibility of myocytes to H2O2 induced oxidative injury.