tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Hypoxia to Arrhythmia and Cardiac Conduction Hemorrhage
Authors: RICHARD E. CLARK, IGNACIO CHRISTLIEB, MIGUEL SANMARCO, RODRIGO DIAZ-PEREZ, J. FRANCIS DAMMANN, Martin E. Zipser
Journal: Circulation (1963)

The relationship between hypoxia, arrhythmia, and hemorrhage of the conducting system was studied in the experimental laboratory by rendering several different groups of rats and dogs hypoxic, and by the histological examination of the area of the atrioventricular node and bundle of His in sections obtained from the hearts of these animals. Sixty-one per cent of rats aged two weeks or older developed arrhythmias and had hemorrhage. None of 10 baby rats presented changes when submitted to the same type of experiment. Hemorrhage was present in only 40 per cent of asphyxiated dogs and in 40 per cent of the dogs that were made hypoxic during cardiopulmonary bypass; 75 per cent of dogs which underwent total mitral valvular replacement and expired in acute pulmonary edema 3 to 10 days postoperatively presented a similar type of lesion. In most cases, the administration of oxygen sufficed to reverse the electrocardiographic changes back to normal. Hypoxia is suggested as the primary cause for these changes, on the basis of previous clinical and experimental work and the information collected from these experiments. The importance of a possible species difference was suggested when attempts were made to correlate the results in rats, dogs, and humans.
Correction of Mitral Regurgitation in Nonresponders to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by MitraClip Improves Symptoms and Promotes Reverse Remodeling
Authors: Angelo Auricchio, Wolfgang Schillinger, Sven Meyer, Francesco Maisano, Rainer Hoffmann, Gian Paolo Ussia, Giovanni B. Pedrazzini, Jan van der Heyden, Simona Fratini, Catherine Klersy, Jan Komtebedde, Olaf Franzen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Letter: Fluoride and bones.
Authors: J Inkovaara, R Heikinheimo
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Localised plasmacytoma in a patient with a-chain disease in remission SIR,-We read with great interest the letter from Dr J Roge and others (25 October, p 225) about their unique case of a-chain disease which remains in complete remnission six years after treatment with antibiotics only.This case and our own case, to which they refer (25 May 1974, p 409) represent benign examples of a-chain disease that respond to treatment, remain in remission for long periods of time, and are possibly cured.At the other end of the scale is the fulminant type which shows poor response to treatment and fast deterioration and death from generalisation of the disease.'-3 We should like to take this opportunity to report the further history of our case, which may be of interest.This patient had been symptom-free and in complete immunological and histological remission for 20 months after stopping all treatment when he developed a plasmacytoma involving the ileocaecal area.During this phase of his ill- ness there was no evidence of reactivation of a-chain disease.The tumour was resected and the patient, nearly two years after the operation, remains symptom-free on a weekly maintenance dose of 200 mg of cyclophosphamide intravenously.It appears that the plasmacytic tumour of the ileocaecal area originated from a new abnormal clone and that the patient's a-chain disease is still in remission.
Rabies Prevention: Cost to an Indian Laborer
Authors: J. K. Dutta
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Rabies is a major health hazard in India<sup>1</sup>and other developing countries.<sup>2</sup>Approximately 500 000 persons receive postexposure treatment and more than 25000 die annually from rabies in India.<sup>2</sup>These figures understate the actual incidence because nonreporting of rabies deaths is common. Currently available tissue-culture vaccines are highly immunogenic and safe, although postexposure treatment failures are occasionally reported.<sup>3</sup>The costs of the vaccine and other treatments, however, may limit their usefulness in developing countries. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A boy aged 12 years was bitten by a dog in an interior rural area in India when he tried to remove an iron chain from the dog's neck. He received multiple bite wounds on both legs and thighs. The wounds were cleaned and the patient was immunized against tetanus. When the dog died, 5 days after the bite, the patient was given his
CLINICAL REPORT OF CASES OPERATED UPON AT THE INDIANAPOLIS CITY HOSPITAL.
Authors: L. H. DUNNING
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The histories of the greater number of the cases included in this paper, Avere presented to the Marion County Medical Society at different times. A few of them excited such interest and comment, that the writer thought it might not be an unprofitable task for him to collect the histories and present them as a whole to the profession. While the number of cases is not large (but twenty-three in all), they present quite a variety of pathological conditions and of operative methods. The results were uniformly good, except in two instances. In one case of procidentia, our efforts were a failure, and in one instance of vaginal hysterectomy, death followed in a few hours after the operation. With few exceptions, the operations were done in the amphitheatre, in the presence of the students of the medical colleges of the city. The others were performed in the surgery of the
Effect of Corticotropin Upon Triglyceride Levels
Authors: Meyer Friedman, Sanford O. Byers, Ray H. Rosenman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Elevation in the preprandial and postprandial serum triglyceride levels and increased turbidity of the postprandial sera observed in subjects exhibiting a behavior pattern (type A) associated with a high incidence of clinical coronary artery disease could be abolished by the prior administration of corticotropin (ACTH) but not by hydrocortisone. Patients with Addison's disease (adrenal cortical hypofunction) receiving adequate corticosteroid therapy were observed to exhibit postprandial serum triglyceride levels almost identical with those observed in type A subjects. Such levels, however, could not be altered by corticotropin administration.
Abstract IA10: Tipping the balance from a procarcinogenic to anticancer response in pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Elizabeth Jaffee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer remains a “death sentence”, with the poorest survival rates reported for solid tumors. Escalating this problem is the fact that pancreatic cancer is among the most resistant cancers to traditional forms of therapy. But in this new era of targeted therapies, there is reason to hope that significant progress will be made in the development of new treatments in the near future. Until recently, barriers to immunotherapy clinical successes for pancreatic cancer have been due to a lack of understanding of the immune pathways within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment that hinder successful immune responses. Recent advances in our understanding of its immunobiology has identified new targets for developing cancer specific vaccines and new targets for modulating the tumor microenvironment to allow more potent activation and improved access of vaccine induced immune responses. We are just learning that non-neoplastic cells, including cancer-associated myofibroblasts, regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages, are hijacked by pre-invasive and invasive cancer cells to create a tolerogenic tumor microenvironment. Current research is focused on elucidating the mechanisms of this tolerogenic polarization within the tumor microenvironment with the goal of tipping the balance in favor of an anticancer immune response. With the recent advances in molecular technologies and the development of relevant pancreatic cancer mouse models, it is now within our reach to dissect the inhibitory pathways within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. This will in turn, lead to new therapeutic opportunities that will eliminate these barriers and convert this deadly cancer into a treatable disease. This presentation will provide new data in pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating mechanisms that convert procarcinogenic inflammatory responses into anticancer immunity. Citation Format: Elizabeth Jaffee. Tipping the balance from a procarcinogenic to anticancer response in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
Florid histiocytic hemophagocytosis following therapy with long acting G‐CSF (pegfilgrastim)
Authors: Lewis Glasser, Mark LeGolvan, Harold M. Horwitz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract We describe a case of histiocytic hemophagocytosis and increase in blasts in the bone marrow after administration of long acting G‐CSF (pegfilgrastim) in a 71‐year‐old man with underlying myelodysplasia. Pegfilgrastim was discontinued, with resolution of the hemophagocytosis and marked decrease in blasts from 30 to 5%. We postulate that pegfilgrastim provided a continuous stimulation of the monocyte/macrophage system, resulting in histiocytic hemophagocytosis. We recommend caution in defining indications for the use of long acting preparations of G‐CSF. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CEREBRAL CORTICAL CALCIFICATION SIMULATING PICK'S DISEASE
Authors: Eugen Kahn, Ernest G. Lion, Harry M. Zimmerman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

A case of mental deterioration has been described which showed essentially the picture of a frontal lobe disturbance simulating Pick's disease. Radiography revealed extensive symmetrical calcification in the cerebral cortex. Neuropathological examination of the brain tissue obtained by biopsy disclosed calcification associated with iron pigment deposition in the cortical capillaries, reduction in the number of ganglion cells and a mild proliferation of the glia.
The additive effect of individual genes in predicting risk of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: A M Valdes, M Doherty, T D Spector
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Genetic factors are important determinants of osteoarthritis (OA) but most individual genetic associations appear relatively modest. We aimed to answer whether carrying several genetic variants associated with knee OA could result in a greater risk of OA.Genotypes for 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 candidate genes previously associated with OA were analysed in 298 men and 305 women diagnosed with knee OA who met American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, and in 297 male and 299 female age- and ethnicity-matched controls. The S-sum statistic method was used to select SNPs that contributed to knee OA, separately for men and women, and the coefficients from a logistic regression were used to add the genotypes in a new genetic risk variable.The odds ratio for individuals in the top quartile of the "genetic risk" variable compared to those in the bottom quartile was found to be 8.68 (95% CI 5.20-14.49, p<2x10(-16)) for women and 5.06 (95% CI 3.10-8.27, p<1x10(-10)) for men.Our data suggest that the additive information from a number of genetic variants can predict a substantial proportion of risk of knee OA.
Human metapneumovirus and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Richard A. Martinello, Frank Esper, Carla Weibel, David Ferguson, Marie L. Landry, Jeffrey S. Kahn
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)

Respiratory viruses are a common trigger for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a paramyxovirus associated with respiratory tract infections and wheezing. Our aim was to determine whether hMPV was associated with exacerbations of COPD.The study was designed as an observational cohort study carried out in a 944-bed urban teaching hospital located in New Haven, Connecticut. Between December 2002 and May 2003, patients hospitalized due to an exacerbation of COPD were identified. Nasopharyngeal specimens obtained from these patients were tested for human metapneumovirus by RT-PCR and for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza-1, -2, and -3 and adenovirus by a cytospin-enhanced direct immunofluorescence assay and/or viral culture.Fifty individuals met enrollment criteria and hMPV was identified in 6 (12%), respiratory syncytial virus in 4 (8%), influenza A in 2 (4%) and parainfluenza type 3 in 1 (2%) patients. Both A and B hMPV genotypes were identified in patients hospitalized due to exacerbations of COPD.hMPV was frequently identified in patients hospitalized due to an exacerbation of COPD. Further studies are necessary to determine the epidemiology and the impact of hMPV in COPD patients.
Better access to drugs in developing countries is accelerating resistance
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Improving access to drugs to treat serious diseases common in developing countries, including malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis, is having the unintended effect of speeding up the development of microbial resistance to drugs, warns a new report.

The report, published on 15 June by the Center for Global Development, shows a close link between the volume of drug use and the emergence of resistant strains, particularly in settings without adequate systems for ensuring appropriate use of drugs. For example, in countries with the highest use of antibiotics, 75% to 90% of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistant to commonly …
Toxicity of Carbutamide
Authors: Otto C. Page, Robert L. Hare, John W. Stephens, Blair Holcomb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

SINCE 1954 the hypoglycemic sulfonamide, carbutamide (l-butyl-3-sulfanilylurea)∥ has been undergoing extensive clinical trial in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In preliminary reports of these studies, few toxic reactions were described.1 2 3 These included several cases of drug fever and rash that cleared promptly on discontinuance of the drug. A case of hepatitis that occurred in Germany concomitant with the administration of carbutamide was believed to be on an infectious basis. In more recent reports, Ridolfo and Kirtley4 and Kinsell5 have described cases of progressive leukopenia that necessitated termination of therapy.In our series of 48 cases side reactions were considerably more . . .
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Robert A. Balk
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I congratulate Dr Rangel-Frausto and colleagues<sup>1</sup>on their recent study that describes the course and natural history of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The authors provide us with an extensive patient population that was prospectively followed for the duration of their hospital stay, and they provide insight into the development of adverse sequelae and other significant events along the continuum of SIRS. However, I would like to comment on two potential areas of confusion related to this study. First, the authors imply that SIRS can develop into sepsis as part of the natural progression of SIRS. In actuality, according to the proposed terminology of the American College of Chest Physicians—Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference on sepsis,<sup>2</sup>SIRS encompasses sepsis when its response is secondary to a documented infection. Therefore, sepsis is a form of SIRS and not an initial stage of SIRS
Autocrine regulation of cord blood–derived human mast cell activation by IL-10☆
Authors: Bernard Royer, Sonia Varadaradjalou, Philippe Saas, Anne-Claude Gabiot, Bernadette Kantelip, Frédéric Féger, Jean-Jacques Guillosson, Jean-Pierre Kantelip, Michel Arock
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Human herpesvirus-8/Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a new transmissible virus that infects B cells.
Authors: E A Mesri, E Cesarman, L Arvanitakis, S Rafii, M A Moore, D N Posnett, D M Knowles, A S Asch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Herpesviral DNA fragments isolated from AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissue (KSHV-DNA) share homology with two lymphotropic oncogenic gamma-herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and Herpesvirus saimiri, and are present in the lesions of more than 95% of HIV and non-HIV-associated forms of KS, AIDS-related body cavity-based lymphomas, and AIDS-related multicentric Castleman's disease. Here we show that BC-1, a KSHV-DNA-positive, body cavity-based lymphoma cell line, produces infective herpesviral particles carrying a linear 270-kb genome that specifically transmits KSHV-DNA to CD19+ B cells. Transmission of KSHV-DNA is dependent upon a biologically active, replicating virus, since it is blocked by UV irradiation and foscarnet, an inhibitor of viral DNA-polymerase. This study represents the first isolation and transmission of the human herpesvirus-8/KS-associated herpesvirus.
Abstract 2014: IRF8 regulates Bax transcription in primary myeloid cells differentiation and pathogenesis in CML
Authors: Xiaolin Hu, Jine Yang, Kebin Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chronic myelogeneous leukemia (CML) is a myeloid proliferative disease featured in a chronic stage of clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid cells followed by an accelerated stage with uncontrolled clonal expansion of blastocytes that quickly progresses to blast crisis. IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a key transcription factor for myeloid cell differentiation and its expression is frequently lost in hematopoietic cells of human myeloid leukemia patients. IRF8-deficient mice exhibit similar symptoms to human CML patients with accumulation of undifferentiated myeloid cells in the bone marrow and periphery blood that can progress to a fatal blast crisis, thus IRF8 is a myeloid leukemia suppressor. Although the role of IRF8 function in CML has highly appreciated, the molecular mechanisms underlying IRF8 function in CML are still largely unknown. In this study, we use IRF8 knockout mice as proof of study. We observed that Bax expression level is low in bone marrow progenitor cells and increases dramatically in primary myeloid cells in wt mice. In contrast, Bax expression level remained at a low level in primary myeloid cells in IRF8 KO mice. However, in vitro IRF8 KO bone marrow-differentiated myeloid cells expressed Bax at a level as high as that in wild type myeloid cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IRF8 specifically binds to the Bax promoter region in primary myeloid cells. Functional analysis showed that IRF8 deficiency results in increased resistance of the primary myeloid cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis, which indicates that CML cells could use the strategy of silencing IRF8 to downregulate pro-apoptotic gene Bax to acquire apoptosis resistance. To summarize, our findings show that IRF8 directly regulates Bax transcription in vivo, but not in vitro during myeloid cell lineage differentiation and silencing IRF8 to disrupt apoptosis related genes expression could result in uncontrolled clonal expansion of myeloid cells and leukemia development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2014. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2014
THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON THE CHOLINE REQUIREMENT
Authors: Gerald Klatskin, Willard A. Krehl, Harold O. Conn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

Rats maintained for a period of 7 months on a fluid intake of 15 per cent alcohol and a diet marginal in lipotropic activity developed fatty infiltration and mild fibrosis of the liver. Similar changes were observed in pair-fed controls given an isocaloric equivalent of sucrose instead of alcohol, but not in pair-fed controls receiving neither alcohol nor sucrose supplements. To exclude the possibility that the alcohol effect was related to an augmentation of the caloric intake, a third group of controls was given the same amount of alcohol, but a limited number of calories. This was accomplished by subtracting from the basal diet an amount of sucrose equivalent in calories to the alcohol consumed. Under these conditions the hepatic changes following alcohol ingestion appeared to be enhanced. Choline or methionine, on the other hand, abolished the effects of both alcohol and sucrose supplements. There was no increase in fecal nitrogen excretion following alcohol ingestion, and no histological changes were observed in the pancreas. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that alcohol increases the choline requirement of the rat, but do not support the contention that this effect is the consequence of an augmented caloric intake. Further studies are needed to establish conclusively the relationship between alcohol ingestion and the choline requirement, and to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
A novel family of short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) from cichlids: the patterns of insertion of SINEs at orthologous loci support the proposed monophyly of four major groups of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika
Authors: K. Takahashi, Y. Terai, M. Nishida, N. Okada
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) have been shown to be excellent markers of molecular phylogeny, since the integration of a SINE at a particular position in a genome can be considered an unambiguous derived homologous character. In the present study, we isolated a new family of SINEs from cichlids in Lake Tanganyika, whose speciation and diversification have been regarded as prime examples of explosive adaptive radiation. Members of this new SINE family, which we named the AFC family, are about 320 bp in length, and each has a tRNA-related region in its 5' region, as do most of the members of SINE families reported to date. A dot blot hybridization experiment showed that this family is distributed extensively in the genomes of cichlids in Africa, with estimated copy numbers of 2 x 10(3)-2 x 10(4) per haploid genome. Our investigations of the patterns of insertion of members of this family at six orthologous loci demonstrated clearly that four previously identified tribes, namely, the Lamprologini, Ectodini, Tropheini, and Perissodini, each form a monophyletic group. These results provide a basis for the elucidation of the phylogenetic framework of the cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika.
Ikaros is required to survive positive selection and to maintain clonal diversity during T-cell development in the thymus
Authors: Kevin W. Tinsley, Changwan Hong, Megan A. Luckey, Joo-Young Park, Grace Y. Kim, Hee-won Yoon, Hilary R. Keller, Andrew J. Sacks, Lionel Feigenbaum, Jung-Hyun Park
Journal: Blood (2013)