tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum alpha 1 antichymotrypsin concentration as a marker of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M D Chard, J Calvin, C P Price, T E Cawston, B L Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Serum alpha 1 antichymotrypsin (alpha 1ACT), C reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured sequentially in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with gold or penicillamine. Pain score, morning stiffness, grip strength, and articular index were measured and a Mallya score calculated. Based on a total of 148 sets of observations, significant correlations were found between alpha 1ACT and other variables (p less than 0.001 except morning stiffness at p less than 0.05). The actual correlation coefficients indicated a closer association with the other laboratory tests, CRP (0.62), orosomucoid (0.69), and ESR (0.61), than with clinical measurements: pain score (0.38), articular index (0.41), grip strength (-0.3), morning stiffness (0.19), and Mallya score (0.5). Sequential data on individual patients showed differing patterns of change in the variables indicating the importance of measuring more than one acute phase protein (APP), especially when CRP is inappropriately low. Serum alpha 1ACT concentration does reflect disease activity in RA. Its potential advantages are discussed.
Virtual Neck Exploration for Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Jacopo D’Agostino, James Wall, Luc Soler, Michel Vix, Quan-Yang Duh, Jacques Marescaux
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3>To evaluate the performance of 3-dimensional (3D) virtual neck exploration (VNE) as a modality for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism and assess the feasibility of using augmented reality to guide parathyroidectomy as a step toward minimally invasive image-guided surgery.<h3>Design</h3>Enhanced 3D rendering methods can be used to transform computed tomographic scan images into a model for 3D VNE. In addition to a standard imaging modality, 3D VNE was performed in all patients and used to preoperatively plan minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. All preoperative localization studies were analyzed for their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the correct side of the adenoma(s) (lateralization) and the correct quadrant of the neck (localization). The 3D VNE model was used to generate intraoperative augmented reality in 3 cases.<h3>Setting</h3>Tertiary care center.<h3>Patients</h3>A total of 114 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were included from January 8, 2008, through July 26, 2011.<h3>Results</h3>The accuracy of 3D VNE in lateralization and localization was 77.2% and 64.9%, respectively. Virtual neck exploration had superior sensitivity to ultrasonography (P &lt; .001), sestamibi scanning (P = .07), and standard computed tomography (P &lt; .001). Use of the 3D model for intraoperative augmented reality was feasible.<h3>Conclusions</h3>3-Dimensional VNE is an excellent tool in preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas with sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy commensurate with accepted first-line imaging modalities. The added value of 3D VNE includes enhanced preoperative planning and intraoperative augmented reality to enable less-invasive image-guided surgery.
MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS QUANTIFIED BY CMR EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME FRACTION PREDICTS MORTALITY AND DETECTS RESPONSE TO THERAPY IN THE NONISCHEMIC PATIENT POPULATION
Authors: Karolina Zareba, Timothy Wong, Peter Kellman, Kayla Piehler, Kathie Lin, Kathy S. Puntil, Sanjeev Shroff, Erik Schelbert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Arterial Hyperoxia and In-Hospital Mortality After Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Gareth L. Ackland, Alex Dyson, Mervyn Singer
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meta-Analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Insulin Therapy in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lisa Ceglia, Joseph Lau, Anastassios G. Pittas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Injection insulin therapy is not readily accepted by patients and many health care providers; therefore, less invasive options for insulin therapy are desirable. Purpose: To examine the efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability of inhaled insulin therapy in nonpregnant adults with diabetes mellitus. Data Sources: English-language studies in MEDLINE, the Cochrane Clinical Trials Register (through June 2006), and U.S. Food and Drug Administration review documents of the first formulation of inhaled insulin approved for clinical use. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials of at least 12 weeks' duration that compared inhaled insulin with another active therapy and reported hemoglobin A1c levels in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion and extracted data. Differences were resolved by consensus. Data Synthesis: Sixteen open-label trials met the inclusion criteria (4023 patients; age range, 18 to 80 years). Among patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, there was a small decrease in hemoglobin A1c level from baseline that favored subcutaneous insulin over inhaled insulin (weighted mean difference, 0.08% [95% CI, 0.03% to 0.14%]), although there was no difference in the proportion of participants achieving hemoglobin A1c levels less than 7%. Inhaled insulin lowered hemoglobin A1c levels more (weighted mean difference favoring inhaled insulin, −1.45% [CI, −1.80% to − 1.10%]) compared with fixed doses of oral agents but much less when compared with oral agents titrated to glycemic efficacy (weighted mean difference favoring inhaled insulin, −0.20% [CI, −0.34% to − 0.07%]). Severe hypoglycemia was more likely to occur with inhaled insulin than with oral agents (risk ratio, 3.1 [CI, 1.0 to 9.1]), but there was no increased risk compared with subcutaneous insulin. There was an increased incidence of mild to moderate nonprogressive dry cough in patients treated with inhaled insulin (risk ratio, 3.5 [CI, 2.2 to 5.6]) and a mild decrease in certain pulmonary function testing variables, which did not progress over 2 years. Patients preferred inhaled insulin over subcutaneous insulin. Limitations: All trials were open label, which may introduce bias. Most of the trials were of 24 weeks' duration or less, limiting assessment of long-term safety. Conclusions: Inhaled insulin offers an alternative noninvasive option for premeal insulin administration, with glycemic efficacy slightly less than subcutaneous regular insulin and increased patient acceptability. Until long-term safety data are available, inhaled insulin should be reserved for nonpregnant adults with diabetes who are opposed to injections and who would otherwise delay appropriate and timely therapy with insulin.
Early Relapse in ALL Is Identified by Time to Leukemia in NOD/SCID Mice and Is Characterized by a Gene Signature Involving Survival Pathways
Authors: Lüder Hinrich Meyer, Sarah Mirjam Eckhoff, Manon Queudeville, Johann Michael Kraus, Marco Giordan, Jana Stursberg, Andrea Zangrando, Elena Vendramini, Anja Möricke, Martin Zimmermann, Andre Schrauder, Georgia Lahr, Karlheinz Holzmann, Martin Schrappe, Giuseppe Basso, Karsten Stahnke, Hans Armin Kestler, Geertruy te Kronnie, Klaus-Michael Debatin
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Dystrophic degeneration of papillary muscle and ventricular myocardium. A basis for mitral valve prolapse in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
Authors: S K Sanyal, W W Johnson, M R Dische, S E Pitner, C Beard
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The hearts of three children who died with Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy and features of mitral valve prolapse were examined to find if the valve disorder arose from cardiomyopathy due to the primary disease or from dystrophic changes in th mitral valve itself. Gross, histologic and ultrastructural features of mitral valve annulus, anterior and posterior leaflets, chordae tendineae, right and left ventricles, and anterior and posterior papillary muscles were compared with those of similar tissues from normal children of matched age and sex. Fibrosis and myofibrillar lysis--most extensive in posterior papillary muscle and in the posterobasal segment of the left ventricle--were the main histopathologic findings. Myofibrillar lysis was characterized by a total loss of actin and myosin myofilaments. By contrast, the mitral valve annulus, its leaflets and the origin, distribution pattern, length and thickness of chordae tendineae were entirely normal. These observations establish that mitral valve prolapse syndrome in Duchenne's dystrophy is an expression of cardiomyopathy involving papillary muscle and ventricular myocardium rather than a result of dystrophic changes in the mitral valve leaflets, annulus or chordae tendineae.
Failure of Femoral Shafts to Accumulate Tc-99m MDP in Lymphedema Praecox
Authors: HOWARD A. LEVY, MOZAFAR K. KARIMEDDINI, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

LEVY, HOWARD A. M.D.; KARIMEDDINI, MOZAFAR K. M.D.; SPENCER, RICHARD P. M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Measurement of transferrin receptor kinetics in the baboon liver using dynamic positron emission tomography imaging and [18F]holo-transferrin
Authors: L Aloj, R E Carson, L Lang, P Herscovitch, W C Eckelman
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We have evaluated the use of [18F]holo-transferrin ([18F]Tf) and positron emission tomography (PET) to measure in vivo Tf receptor expression and recycling using the baboon liver as a model. [18F]Tf was intravenously injected in three baboons and dynamic PET was performed over the region containing liver and spleen. In two of the three baboons, [18F]albumin ([18F]Alb), labeled with the same technique, was administered 3 hours later. Time activity curves (TACs) were obtained from liver and spleen for both tracers. TACs for [18F]Tf over the liver were fit to a pharmacokinetic model including vascular radioactivity and an extravascular tissue compartment corresponding to transferrin uptake and release. [18F]Alb data provided an independent estimate of plasma volume. Kinetic analysis showed the presence of a tissue compartment for [18F]Tf that rapidly reaches equilibrium (half time 7-10 minutes). In this organ, the measured rates for Tf turnover obtained with quantitative PET are similar to previously published data using cell culture systems. A model for [18F]Tf in the spleen was not statistically improved by adding a tissue compartment. These data and the pharmacokinetic modeling provide in vivo evidence of a high flux equilibrium binding compartment in the liver, consistent with Tf internalization and recycling.
Suppression of T helper function: An immunoregulatory effect of rosette inhibitory factor in hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Gary E. Sanders, Robert P. Perrillo
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

The potential immunoregulatory effects of rosette inhibitory factor (RIF) were evaluated using lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies (OKT4, OKT8). Initial experiments indicated that RIF inhibits E-rosette formation by T cells that provide helper/inducer function (OKT4+). Subsequently, experiments were done to assess if RIF had an inhibitory effect on in vitro immunoglobulin and anti-HBs production. These studies used peripheral blood mononuclear cells from convalescent and hepatitis B-vaccinated donors. The results indicated that RIF-positive low-density lipoprotein, but not RIF-negative low-density lipoprotein, inhibits in vitro production of IgG and IgM by 60 to 70% and totally ablates anti-HBs synthesis. In order to determine if RIF directly affected the proliferative response of T4 lymphocytes, these cells were cultured in the presence of optimal mitogen concentrations and either RIF-positive or RIF-negative low-density lipoprotein. The experiments demonstrated that RIF-treated T4 cells are hyporesponsive to pokeweed mitogen and phytohemagglutinin when compared to T4 cells cultured in the absence of RIF. In contrast, B cell proliferation in response to soluble T helper factors was not affected by incubation with RIF. As the production of soluble helper factors by T4 cells was inhibited by exposure to RIF-positive but not RIF-negative low-density lipoprotein, we conclude that the suppressive effect of RIF on immunoglobulin and anti-HBs synthesis is due to inhibition of this specific helper T cell function.
The Relationship of Serum Lipoproteins to Atherosclerosis in the Cholesterol-Fed Alloxanized Rabbit
Authors: FRANK T. PIERCE
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The alloxanized rabbit fed cholesterol develops extreme hyperlipemia and hypercholesteremia and yet develops a lesser degree of atherosclerosis than does the normal animal fed cholesterol. The concentrations of the S f 12-30 and S f 20-30 classes of lipoproteins correlate well with atherosclerosis as finally observed in the alloxanized rabbit, whereas both free and total serum cholesterol correlate negatively with atherosclerosis. In the alloxan-diabetic rabbit, the serum cholesterol is principally carried in the S f 80-100 and greater classes of lipoproteins, and a metabolic block in the conversion of these lipoproteins to those of S f 40 and less can be demonstrated.
Impact of known and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus after a myocardial infarction
Authors: David Aguilar, Scott D. Solomon, Lars Kober, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Hicham Skali, John J. McMurray, Gary S. Francis, Marc Henis, Rafael Diaz, Yuri N. Belenkov, Sergei Varshavsky, Jeffrey D. Leimberger, Robert M. Califf, Marc A. Pfeffer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Perturbation of MicroRNA-370/Lin-28 homolog A/nuclear factor kappa B regulatory circuit contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wen-Ping Xu, Min Yi, Qian-Qian Li, Wei-Ping Zhou, Wen-Ming Cong, Yuan Yang, Bei-Fang Ning, Chuan Yin, Zhao-Wei Huang, Jian Wang, Hui Qian, Cai-Feng Jiang, Yue-Xiang Chen, Chun-Yan Xia, Hong-Yang Wang, Xin Zhang, Wei-Fen Xie
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

MicroRNA 370 (miR-370) is located within the DLK1/DIO3 imprinting region on human chromosome 14, which has been identified as a cancer-associated genomic region. However, the role of miR-370 in malignances remains controversial. Here, we report that miR-370 was repressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and hepatoma cell lines. Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, we demonstrated that miR-370 inhibited the malignant phenotype of HCC cells in vitro. Overexpression of miR-370 inhibited growth and metastasis of HCC cells in vivo. Moreover, the RNA-binding protein, LIN28A, was identified as a direct functional target of miR-370, which, in turn, blocked the biogenesis of miR-370 by binding to its precursor. LIN28A also mediated the suppressive effects of miR-370 on migration and invasion of HCC cells by post-transcriptionally regulating RelA/p65, which is an important effector of the canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a well-known NF-κB downstream inflammatory molecule, reduced miR-370 but increased LIN28A levels in HCC. Furthermore, miR-370 levels were inversely correlated with LIN28A and IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, whereas LIN28A mRNA expression was positively correlated with IL-6 expression in human HCC samples. Interestingly, reduction of miR-370 expression was associated with the development of HCC in rats, as well as with aggressive tumor behavior and short survival in HCC patients. Conclusions: These data demonstrate the involvement of a novel regulatory circuit consisting of miR-370, LIN28A, RelA/p65 and IL-6 in HCC progression. Manipulating this feedback loop may have beneficial effect in HCC treatment. (Hepatology 2013; 58:1977–1991)
Posaconazole or Fluconazole for Prophylaxis in Severe Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Andrew J. Ullmann, Jeffrey H. Lipton, David H. Vesole, Pranatharthi Chandrasekar, Amelia Langston, Stefano R. Tarantolo, Hildegard Greinix, Wellington Morais de Azevedo, Vijay Reddy, Navdeep Boparai, Lisa Pedicone, Hernando Patino, Simon Durrant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Invasive fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Monitoring Lead Systems
Authors: Henry J. L. Marriott
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Most monitoring lead systems currently used in coronary care centers leave much to be desired. Not only do they contain less than the maximal available information but in many centers there is no uniformity of placement from patient to patient, eg, electrodes may be moved around in search of the largest P wave, and this deprives one of many desirable opportunities for comparisons. There is much to be said for a standard system for purposes of analysis. The single conventional lead that carries the maximum of useful information is V<sub>1</sub>: (1) it is usually the best lead for recognizing atrial activity; (2) it is the best lead for distinguishing between ventricular ectopy and aberration<sup>1</sup>; and (3) it is the best lead for distinguishing between right and left bundle-branch block and between right and left ventricular pacemaking sites. But for constant monitoring, V<sub>1</sub>has the
Complex feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in the hamster: The role of newly synthesized cholesterol
Authors: Jürgen Scheibner, Michael Fuchs, Erwin Hörmann, Eduard F. Stange
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Hepatic bile acid synthesis is regulated by recirculating bile acids, possibly by modulating the availability of newly synthesized and preformed cholesterol. Because data in the hamster on this mechanism are lacking, we fitted these animals with an extracorporeal bile duct and administered tritiated water intraperitoneally to label newly formed cholesterol. After interruption of the enterohepatic circulation, physiological and double-physiological doses of conjugated cholate (25 or 50 μmol/100 g · h) or of unconjugated deoxycholate (6 or 12 μmol) were infused intraduodenally for 54 hours and compared with controls. De novo and preformed cholesterol directly secreted into bile or used for cholate and chenodeoxycholate synthesis were quantitated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-liquid scintillation. Directly after depletion of the bile acid pool (6-9 hours) at nearly physiological conditions, chenodeoxycholate synthesis was significantly reduced by cholate and deoxycholate by up to 45% to 51%, whereas cholate formation decreased by ≈22% during deoxycholate. This short-term effect was mainly mediated by reduced synthesis from preformed cholesterol. After long-term bile depletion (30-54 hours), bile acid synthesis returned to control levels during 25 μmol of cholate and of both deoxycholate doses. In contrast, only 50 μmol of cholate prevented derepression of bile acid synthesis. This long-term effect was mainly attributed to a diminished formation from de novo cholesterol exceeding the reduced synthesis from preformed cholesterol. In summary, short- and long-term regulation of bile acid synthesis in hamsters differs with respect to availabilities of preformed and de novo cholesterol.
Pathology of the Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Raymond Harris
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In this era of easy jet travel, as this text emphasizes, one's next heart patient may suffer from Chargas cardiomyopathy, scorpion venom cardiomyopathy, or<i>Argemone mexicana</i>poisoning! With the fuel shortage, hypothermia may soon contribute to some heart disease in elderly patients living in poorly heated hovels. In some patients, immunosuppressive drugs, emetine, daunorubicin, lithium carbonate, or other agents may induce cardiomyopathy. The nature, history, and classification of the primary cardiomyopathies and the well-known secondary cardiomyopathies caused by alcohol, drugs, bacterial, viral, parasitic diseases and infestation are detailed in this book. Part 1 discusses primary cardiomyopathies; part 2, secondary cardiomyopathies in humans and animals. An excellent three-page differential classification of cardiomyopathies at the beginning and complete author and subject indices at the end are special features. The photographs are excellent. The chapter on spontaneous and acquired cardiomyopathies in wild and domestic animals is valuable to veterinarians and offers interesting opportunities
Intercurrent Hepatitis A in Chronic B Viral Hepatitis
Authors: John H. Casey
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Richard A. Willson, MD, reported a case of "Intercurrent Hepatitis A in B Viral Hepatitis" (1981;245:2495). The diagnosis of acute hepatitis A was made on the basis of first-generation type testing to distinguish between anti-HA-IgM and anti-HA-IgG. The "differential absorption" technique using staphylococcal cells has been reported to be unreliable when compared with the more recently developed direct radioimmunoassay for anti-HA-IgM. Dr Willson's report did not indicate results of anti-HA testing when the patient's condition was initially evaluated but only the results of testing during the second episode of illness. Thus, the possibility exists that this patient had either a relapse of chronic hepatitis B or a new infection with another virus or even some other type of nonviral hepatitis.
Neurological Complications of Therapy: Selected Topics
Authors: Kurt A. Jaeckle
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This multiauthored volume represents a collection of reviews of neurological complications resulting from medical and surgical therapies. The editor has carefully chosen chapters that address those neurological complications commonly encountered in day-to-day neurological consultative practice. The untoward effects of medications on the CNS receive the greatest attention in this volume and include those associated with chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics, cardiovascular medicines, anticonvulsants, and others. Discussions of complications of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics, antiparkinsonism drugs, and anticoagulants are particularly current and concise, with excellent bibliographies. The chapter on anticonvulsants is organized by reversible and nonreversible effects, a format that does not allow quick and easy reference to a particular drug's toxicity; in addition, some anticonvulsants, such as valproic acid, receive little or no attention. The discussion of complications of tranquilizers and hypnosedatives could benefit from a fuller consideration of the side effects of major tranquilizers. The chapters dealing with complications due to