tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and cellular analysis of alopecia in vitamin D receptor knockout mice
Authors: Yoshiyuki Sakai, Jiro Kishimoto, Marie B. Demay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Targeted ablation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) results in hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, osteomalacia, and alopecia — the last a consequence of defective anagen initiation. To investigate whether the markedly elevated levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D led to the alopecia, we raised VDR-null mice in a ultraviolet light–free environment and fed them chow lacking vitamin D for five generations. Despite undetectable circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, alopecia persisted in the VDR-null mice, demonstrating that the alopecia was not secondary to toxic levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D interacting with an alternative receptor. Furthermore, alopecia was not seen in control littermates, suggesting that absence of ligand and absence of receptor cause different phenotypes. To identify the cell population responsible for the alopecia, we performed hair-reconstitution assays in nude mice and observed normal hair follicle morphogenesis, regardless of the VDR status of the keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells. However, follicles reconstituted with VDR-null keratinocytes demonstrated a defective response to anagen initiation. Hence, alopecia in the VDR-null mice is due to a defect in epithelial-mesenchymal communication that is required for normal hair cycling. Our results also identify the keratinocyte as the cell of origin of the defect and suggest that this form of alopecia is due to absence of ligand-independent receptor function.
The Sublime Engine: A Biography of the Human Heart
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Functional Diversity of T-Cell Subpopulations in Subacute and Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: Lourdes Barrera, Felipe Mendoza, Joaquín Zuñiga, Andrea Estrada, Ana C. Zamora, Emma I. Melendro, Remedios Ramírez, Annie Pardo, Moisés Selman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) exhibits a diverse outcome. Patients with acute/subacute HP usually improve, whereas patients with chronic disease often progress to fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this difference are unknown.To examine the T-cell profile from patients with subacute HP and chronic HP.T cells were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from 25 patients with subacute HP, 30 patients with chronic HP, and 8 control subjects. T-cell phenotype and functional profile were evaluated by flow cytometry, cytometric bead array, and immunohistochemistry.Patients with chronic HP showed higher CD4+:CD8+ ratio (median, 3.05; range, 0.3-15; subacute HP: median, 1.3; range, 0.1-10; control: median, 1.3; range, 0.7-2.0; P < 0.01), and a decrease of gammadeltaT cells (median, 2.0; range, 0.5-3.4; subacute HP: median, 10; range, 4.8-17; control: median, 15; range, 5-19; P < 0.01). Patients with chronic HP exhibited an increase in the terminally differentiated memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets compared with patients with subacute HP (P < 0.05). However, memory cells from chronic HP showed lower IFN-gamma production and decreased cytotoxic activity by CD8+ T lymphocytes. Chronic HP displayed a Th2-like phenotype with increased CXCR4 expression (median, 6%; range, 1.7-36, vs. control subjects: median, 0.7%; range, 0.2-1.4; and subacute HP: median, 2.2%; range, 0.1-5.3; P < 0.01), and decreased CXCR3 expression (median, 4.3%; range, 1.4-25%, vs. subacute HP: median, 37%; range, 4.9-78%; P < 0.01). Likewise, supernatants from antigen-specific-stimulated cells from chronic HP produced higher levels of IL-4 (80 +/- 63 pg/ml vs. 25 +/- 7 pg/ml; P < 0.01), and lower levels of IFN-gamma (3,818 +/- 1671 pg/ml vs. 100 +/- 61 pg/ml; P < 0.01) compared with subacute HP.Our findings indicate that patients with chronic HP lose effector T-cell function and exhibit skewing toward Th2 activity, which may be implicated in the fibrotic response that characterizes this clinical form.
Metabolic Efficacy of Preprandial Administration of Lys(B28), Pro(B29) Human Insulin Analog in IDDM Patients: A comparison with human regular insulin during a three-meal test period
Authors: Maarten A J M Jacobs, Erik T P Keulen, Karin Kanc, Sandrina Casteleijn, Peter Scheffer, Walter Devillé, Robert J Heine
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the rapid-acting Lys(B28), Pro(B29) human insulin analog, insulin lispro, with currently available short-acting human insulin in a multiple injection therapy (MIT) regimen with respect to blood glucose and plasma insulin profiles and to serum metabolites (lactate, free fatty acids, glycerol, and β-hydroxybutyrate) in 12 well-controlled type 1 diabetic subjects (8 male, HbA1c 6.8 ± 0.9% [mean ± SD]). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After a run-in period of 4 weeks, patients were treated with either lispro at mealtime or human insulin 30 min before the meal for two periods of 4 weeks in a randomized open-label crossover study. Intermediate-acting insulin (NPH insulin) was given at bedtime. At the end of both study periods, metabolic profiles were assessed from 10:00 P.M. to 7:00 P.M. the next day. RESUlTS During the treatment periods, glycemic control was stable during lispro but improved during human insulin (ΔHbA1c lispro 0.1 ± 0.48, NS; human insulin −0.41 ± 0.34%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Glucose excursions, as measured by the incremental AUC, during the day and for the 2-h postprandial periods, were lower, although not significantly, for lispro. Insulin profiles demonstrated a faster rise after administration of lispro as compared with human insulin, peaking at 61 ± 11.9 and 111 ± 48.1 min (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Glycerol levels showed a slight increase before lunch and dinner, suggestive of enhanced lipolytic activity and compatible with the lower insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS Lispro insulin applied in an MIT regimen creates more physiologic insulin profiles and tends to lower the glycemic excursions during the day compared with short-acting insulin. The analog can be applied safely in an MIT regimen, with mealtime intervals up to 5 h.
Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Diffuse Liver Disease
Authors: György Székely
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Oct 23/30, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Drs Leeds and Jacobson<sup>1</sup>described advances in diagnostic and therapeutic radiology. They suggest that ultrasonography can accurately distinguish between the morphology of a normal liver and the pathological pattern caused by centrilobular inflammation or fatty-fibrotic infiltration, for example, cirrhosis, and that of chronic hepatitis. Many authors have compared the ultrasonic pattern with the histological diagnosis, and opinions differ as to how well ultrasound reflects the severity of disease. <h3>Study.—</h3> During a five-year period, we found ultrasonic signs characteristic of diffuse liver disease in 14% of 9729 cases. Biopsies were performed in 151 cases. We divided patients with suspected liver lesions into three groups on the basis of ultrasound signs. The first group had hepatomegaly with a normal ultrasound result. In the second group, the reflectivity was changed ("bright liver") and we diagnosed a mild lesion. In the third
Acroparaesthesia and its Treatment
Authors: A. P. Magonet
Journal: BMJ (1947)

IIhead cold.I advised him to suck some of the penicillin lozenges.Two days later his left knee was swollen, with fluid in and around the joint.It was tender but not red, and his temperature was normal.The penicillin lozenges were continued, and by the next day his right knee was mildly affected in the same way, and hydrarthrosis of the joints of the fingers prevented full flexion.The penicillin was stopped and within twenty-four hours the joints appeared normal.A skin test showed a sensitivity equal to that of his son.This record shows once more how indiscriminate use of penicillin can produce startling results.It also points out the benefit of kpowing about a patient's sensitivity to penicillin, so that an attempt may be made to desensitize him in preparation for a possible future sudden need for penicillin.-Iam, etc., Leeds.
Pharmacokinetics of Erlotinib and Its Active Metabolite OSI-420 in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Chronic Renal Failure Who Are Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Yosuke Togashi, Katsuhiro Masago, Masahide Fukudo, Tomohiro Terada, Yasuaki Ikemi, Young Hak Kim, Shiro Fujita, Kaoru Irisa, Yuichi Sakamori, Tadashi Mio, Ken-ichi Inui, Michiaki Mishima
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Transplantation/Digestive tract
Authors: D. Devictor, P. Durand, E. Jacquemain, C. Chardot, B. Dousset, M. A. Delgado, F. Ruza, P. Dorao, F. Alvarado, S. García, P. Oliva, F. Reinoso, C. Calvo, J. Lopez-Herce, L. Albajara, R. L. Souza, W. B. Carvalho, J. G. Gerstler, A. M. Ikeda, J. I. Muñoz, M. Lopez-Santamaría, J. Roque, J. A. De Paz, M. Gamez, M. Kirichenko, D. Eljakin, N. Klubovskaja, T. Victorovich, M. Belogurova, Y. Sznaier, E. F. Avni, F. Rypens, D. Vermeylen, A. Pardou, C. Scheibenpflug, P. Buxbaum, A. M. Rokitansky, M. Piena, E. Heineman, Kate J. Ten, J. C. Molenaar, D. Tibboel
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
The Impact of Right Coronary Artery Chronic Total Occlusion on Clinical Outcome of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Unprotected Left Main Disease
Authors: Angela Migliorini, Renato Valenti, Guido Parodi, Piergiovanni Buonamici, Giampaolo Cerisano, Nazario Carrabba, Ruben Vergara, David Antoniucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Functional proteomic analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rat models: Enoyl-coenzyme a hydratase down-regulation exacerbates hepatic steatosis
Authors: Xuequn Zhang, Juntao Yang, Yuanbiao Guo, Hua Ye, Chaohui Yu, Chengfu Xu, Lei Xu, Songfeng Wu, Wei Sun, Hangdong Wei, Xue Gao, Yunping Zhu, Xiaohong Qian, Ying Jiang, Youming Li, Fuchu He
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a common public health problem that can progress to end-stage liver disease. A high-fat diet (HFD) may promote the development of NAFLD through a mechanism that is poorly understood. We adopted a proteomic approach to examine the effect of HFD on the liver proteome during the progression of NAFLD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed an HFD for 4, 12, and 24 weeks replicated the progression of human NAFLD: steatosis, nonspecific inflammation, and steatohepatitis. Using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight/time of flight analysis, 95 proteins exhibiting significant changes (ratio ≥ 1.5 or ≤−1.5, P < 0.05) during the development of NAFLD were identified. Biological functions for these proteins reflected phase-specific characteristics during the progression of the disease. The potential role of enoyl–coenzyme A hydratase (ECHS1), an enzyme that catalyzes the second step of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation, received further investigation. First, the reduced protein level of ECHS1 was validated both in rat models and in patients with biopsy-proven hepatic simple steatosis via immunoblotting or immunohistochemical analysis. Then the small interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated knockdown of ECHS1 in the murine hepatocyte cell line alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) demonstrated increased cellular lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acid (FFA) overload. Furthermore, using a hydradynamic transfection method, the in vivo silencing effect of siRNA duplexes targeting ECHS1 was further investigated in mice. Administering ECHS1 siRNA specifically reduced the expression of ECHS1 protein in mice liver, which significantly exacerbated the hepatic steatosis induced by an HFD. Conclusion: Our results revealed that ECHS1 down-regulation contributed to HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, which may help clarify the pathogenesis of NAFLD and point to potential targets for therapeutic interventions. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
TCT-47 Angiographic And Procedural Outcome Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With The STENTYS(r) Self-Apposing Coronary Stent In Patients Not Treated For STEMI.
Authors: Huangling Lu, Maik J. Grundeken, Jan Baan, Marije M. Vis, Jose P. Henriques, Jan Piek, Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, Jan G. Tijssen, Karel T. Koch, Robbert J. de Winter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
BROMIDE INTOXICATION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION IN SERUM
Authors: SIDNEY J. TILLIM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

Five cases were presented illustrating several principles for the prescribing of bromide medication. A case is reported of an unprecedented serum bromide value as determined by the modified Wuth method. The suggestions that very high bromide findings are erroneous warrant further controlled studies. A few reports of similar findings are not conclusive for condemnation of a method in use for 30 years. Physicians and druggists still need warning against indiscriminate dispensing of bromides. Bromides may be mild but not harmless—they are usually taken by persons incapable of exercising good judgment or moderation. Dispensing without a physician's prescription should be prohibited.
810 DOWNREGULATION OF PTEN AND IRS1 BY HCV 3A CORE PROTEIN TRIGGERS STEATOSIS IN HEPATOCYTES
Authors: M. Peyrou, S. Clément, A. Sanchez-Pareja, L. Bourgoin, D. Suter, M. Vinciguerra, K. Guilloux, S. Pascarella, L. Rubbia-Brandt, F. Negro, M. Foti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Albumin. 2. Guidelines for clinical use
Authors: J. L. Tullis
Journal: JAMA (1977)

PARTLY on the basis of the physiologic information given in part 1 and partly on the basis of empiric observations derived from uncontrolled clinical administration, it is believed pertinent to propose guidelines for the contemporary therapeutic use of albumin, an important plasma protein.  The guidelines for this biologic are designed to assure appropriate use. Certain principles were followed in preparation of the recommendations. (1) It was believed that the selection of proper clinical circumstances for the therapeutic use of albumin should not be dictated by arbitrary or pragmatic restrictions but rather by the education of physicians in its normal physiologic function. (2) Although only a few specific disorders regularly require the use of albumin, a broad diversity of pathologic complications may justify its occasional use. (3) Many clinical disorders exist in which there is incomplete or conflicting data on the effectiveness of albumin therapy. (4) Still other disorders exist in
Penetrating injuries of the pleural cavity.
Authors: D J Muckart, F M Luvuno, L W Baker
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Two hundred and fifty one cases of penetrating wounds of the chest were studied prospectively. Clinical evidence is presented to show that: basal intercostal drains are adequate to remove both air and fluid from within the pleural cavity; frequent chest radiographs are unnecessary and intercostal drains may be removed on clinical grounds alone; long term antibiotic prophylaxis is unnecessary; eight per cent of those undergoing initial observation will develop a delayed haemothorax or pneumothorax of sufficient size to require drainage; subcutaneous emphysema is of no prognostic significance in the symptomless patient with minimal intrapleural damage on admission; and outpatient follow up is not required.
Causes of Carbon Dioxide Retention in Lung Disease
Authors: John B. West
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Carbon dioxide retention in chronic lung disease is often attributed to "alveolar hypoventilation." This designation is misleading because the patients are usually moving abnormally large amounts of air into their alveoli, and it diverts attention from the real cause: ventilation-perfusion inequality. Recent work using lung models shows that this mechanism can interfere dramatically with carbon dioxide elimination. Indeed, pure uncompensated ventilation-perfusion inequality often impairs carbon dioxide output almost as much as oxygen uptake. Carbon dioxide retention is particularly likely to occur when one lung region inspires gas from another, as in centrilobular emphysema. Treatment should be directed at the cause of the ventilation-perfusion inequality as well as at increasing the amount of air moving into the alveoli.
Oregon Health Decisions. An experiment with informed community consent
Authors: R. Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Oregon Health Decisions is a citizen-based project intended to develop statewide awareness of severe bioethical dilemmas. The project has set in motion civic means for addressing and resolving problems in Oregon's health provision system associated with personal autonomy, equity of access, prevention of illness, and humane cost containment. The process of civic involvement with consequent results is described together with the implications for future health policy in Oregon and elsewhere.Oregon Health Decisions is a citizen-based nonprofit organization, established in the early 1980s to develop statewide awareness of bioethical issues and to encourage citizen participation in resolving such dilemmas. Operating through community agencies, the project recruited volunteers, held interdisciplinary workshops, and conducted 300 meetings involving more than 5,000 people. Resolutions were developed in five areas: autonomy and dignity of patients, disease prevention, access to health care, cost control, and resource allocation. The primary results have been heightened awareness within Oregon about bioethical issues, funding for other bioethics educational activities, new tasks for health planning agencies, and national media coverage that has fostered an interest in similar projects by other states and organizations.
Influence of the MCAT on Premedical Curricula-Reply
Authors: John T. Bruer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Our article did try to assure premedical students that their chances for medical school admission are not necessarily damaged by pursuing a variety of undergraduate majors, as long as premedical science courses are successfully completed. Markel et al claim that the MCAT exerts such an influence on undergraduate course selection that premedical students will disregard the humanities in favor of high-level science courses that will improve MCAT performance. The behavior that the authors attribute to premedical students is consistent with the "premed syndrome," but to my knowledge there are no data on the MCAT's impact on course selection or choice of major. There are published data, however, that imply that enrolling in all the upper-level science courses one can handle, particularly biological sciences, does not appreciably improve MCAT performance. Presumably, biological science majors and premedical majors are those most likely to behave as Markel et al suggest. Hence,
Healing of erosions in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: T. Sokka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Reports on healing of erosions in rheumatoid arthritis are rare. However, it is expected that repair of erosions should be seen more often during the period of extensive use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, especially in patients who experience sustained remission. Two such cases are described.
On evolution and homosexuality
Authors: Imre Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Except for the Pope and President Bush, and their respective phalanxes, everyone, including the BMJ , is eager to proclaim that homosexuality is not an aberration. So far noone seems to have recognised its evolutionary role.

The survival value of homosexuality for the human species is to be found in its effect on population growth. Anyone who is worried about environmental degradation caused by the growth of the human …
Echocardiographic Fourier phase and amplitude imaging for quantification of ischemic regional wall asynergy: An experimental study using coronary microembolization in dogs
Authors: Helmut F. Kuecherer, Wolfgang Schoels, Larry D. Sterns, Kirsten Freigang, Gaspar-da-Silva Kleber, Johannes Brachmann, Wolfgang Kuebler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Methadone Maintenance Withdrawal
Authors: Alan D. Tice
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Sept 27 report on abrupt withdrawal of methadone maintenance by Lipkowitz et al (<b>216</b>:1860, 1971) suggested that the withdrawal responses were primarily subjective rather than objective. Because of the potency and the increasing use of methadone, more clinical information about this substance is needed. We do not feel that abrupt withdrawal of any drug can be evaluated under conditions of arrest and imprisonment. Although the authors attempted to confirm complete cessation of narcotic use by analysis of urine sample, data are absent in one case, were obtained only after a week of gradual methadone reduction in another, and were only taken after three weeks in a third. Information about the physical status is mostly retrospective and scanty. Even under close supervision in a hospital, it is difficult to prevent patients from receiving drugs they desire, be they narcotics, alcohol, or other types. Relatives, friends and