tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A double-blind trial of treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis with 2% ketoconazole cream compared with 1% hydrocortisone cream
Authors: A. KATSAMBAS, CH. ANTONIOU, E. FRANGOULI, G. AVGERINOU, D. MICHAILIDIS, J. STRATIGOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Fifty patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis were treated with 2% ketoconazole cream (n=24) or with 1% hydrocortisone cream (n=26) for 4 weeks in a double‐blind comparative study. These twice daily applications resulted in 87.2% symptomatic improvement for hydrocortisone vs. 81.6% for ketoconazole. The number of P. ovale yeasts was significantly reduced after the application of ketoconazole compared with hydrocortisone. The incidence of side‐effects was low in both groups.
High frequency oscillation in acute lung injury and ARDS
Authors: E. Fan, G. D. Rubenfeld
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Background:</b> Albuterol and budesonide are commonly prescribed for aerosol therapy during mechanical ventilation. Aerosolized drug delivery is affected by numerous factors, yet the delivery efficiency of budesonide is not well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drug dilution and chemical properties on aerosol delivery of solution and suspension during mechanical ventilation. <b>Methods:</b> The surface tension of each formulation was measured by Du Nouy ring method, and the viscosity of formulations measured by a viscometer. A Servo-i ventilator (Maquet, Sweden) operated in volume control (500 mL, 16 breaths/min, PEEP 5 cm H<sub>2</sub>O) with heated humidification at 37 degrees C was connected to an endotracheal tube, with an absolute filter connected to a lung model (Michigan Instruments). A vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN, Aerogen, Ireland) and a pneumatic jet nebulizer (JN, Galemed, Taiwan) powered by oxygen at 8 L/min were operated with salbutamol and budesonide standard unit dose (2.5 mg/2.5 mL and 0.5 mg/2.0 mL, respectively), and with dose diluted to 4 mL with normal saline. Both nebulizers were placed at the inlet of the heated humidifier, and nebulization was terminated when no aerosol was visually seen. Drug collected on filter distal to endotracheal tube, and eluted and assayed by a spectrophotometery (salbutamol) and by HPLC (budesonide; n = 5). <b>Results:</b> Inhaled drug dose in Table below. The surface tension of salbutamol and budesonide were 69.0 ± 0.1 dyn/cm and 44.0 ± 0.2 dyn/cm, respectively, with viscosity of 1.073 ± 0.01 mPa/s and 1.032 ± 0.01 mPa/s. The budesonide suspension unit-dose delivered lower inhaled dose than salbutamol solution with both nebulizers, but increased significantly with dilution. The VMN delivered greater inhaled drug dose than JN. The Pearson9s test demonstrated a moderate correlation between surface tension and inhaled mass (<i>P</i>&lt;0.03). <b>Conclusions:</b> Dilution of budesonide suspension increased aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation with both JN and VMN. The efficiency of drug delivery is associated with surface tension of the formulation.
Hypercalcemia
Authors: Michel Kahil
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Phosphate infusions were administered to ten hypercalcemic patients. Two patients had parathyroid adenomas and eight patients had carcinoma with and without bone metastases. Prompt and effective reduction of elevated serum calcium levels was uniformly achieved in all of these patients for periods of 6 to 15 days. A similar, but shorter, effect was observed in four of these patients after sulfate infusions. Tissues obtained at autopsy from five phosphate-treated patients did not reveal a greater degree of metastatic calcification as compared with untreated hypercalcemic patients.
William Lewson Burrowes
Authors: P. Burrowes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Born shortly after the first world war, William Lewson Burrowes was the fifth and sole surviving child, triplets having died at birth and an older sister succumbed to appendicitis aged 6. He was educated at Campbell College and Queen’s University, Belfast, and qualified MB BCh BAO, followed by an MD in 1948. After a houseman’s year at Royal Victoria Hospital, he joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR) and served in Palestine, …
Activation of aromatic amines to mutagens by bovine bladder and liver cells
Authors: Linda Oglesby, Cathy Hix-Baker, Pat MacNair, Marianne Sieg, Linda Snow, Robert Langenbach
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

A bovine bladder cell-mediated mutagenesis system using Chinese hamster V79 cells and Salmonella typhimurium as target organisms was developed to investigate the capacity of the bladder urothelium to activate chemical carcinogens. Bovine bladder epithelial cells can activate the aromatic amines AF and 4-ABP to intermediates which mutate V79 cells and S. typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. DMBA was mutagenic to V79 cells but not detectably mutagenic to either Salmonella strain with bladder cell activation. The chemicals tested were not mutagenic to either target organism in the absence of bladder cells. In contrast to the response with DMBA, S. typhimurium was a more sensitive target for the arylamines than V79 cells. These data suggest the value of using multiple end points for assessing metabolic capability. The activation capability of intact bladder cells was compared to disrupted cells, and S-9 prepared from bladder cells used with and without cofactors. When intact cells or S-9 plus cofactors were used as the activation system a dose-dependent increase in revertants was observed for 4-ABP. A bovine liver cell-mediated bacterial mutagenesis system was also developed and the liver and bladder systems compared. For AF, bladder cells appear to be at least ten times more active per viable cell than hepatocytes in producing mutagenic intermediates, while 4-ABP is essentially not mutagenic in the hepatocyte-mediated system. A quantitative comparison of the relative importance of the liver and bladder to activate the chemicals is difficult to make but the data indicate the ability of the bladder epithelium to activate bladder carcinogens.
TCT-596 Early Vascular Restoration following treatment of single de-novo coronary artery lesions with the DESolve Nx Novolimus Eluting Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold System (NEBCSS) at 6 months: Insights from the Serial IVUS analysis of the pivotal, prospective, multicentre, DESolve NX Trial
Authors: Jose D. Costa, Joachim Schofer, Stefan Verheye, Sara Toyloy, Daniel Chamié, Vinayak Bbhat, Ricardo A. Costa, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Lynn Morrison, John Yan, Amanda Sousa, J. Eduardo Sousa, Alexandre Abizaid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
1095 HUMAN PLATELETS PROMOTE LIVER REGENERATION AT THE EARLY PHASE AFTER MASSIVE HEPATECTOMY IN SCID MICE
Authors: K. Takahashi, S. Murata, Y. Kozuma, T. Tamura, T. Maruyama, Y. Oshiro, R. Nozaki, N. Ikeda, T. Kawasaki, N. Ohkohchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Comparative behavior of thrombin and an inactive derivative, FPR-thrombin, toward the rabbit vascular endothelium. Heparin liberates FPR-thrombin from the endothelium in vivo.
Authors: M W Hatton, S L Moar
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Thrombin rapidly binds to and saturates rabbit aorta endothelium in vitro, a process that depends on pericellular glycosaminoglycans and that is inhibited by heparin. To characterize the initial adsorption of thrombin to the endothelium in vivo, an enzymatically inactive derivative, FPR-thrombin (i.e., thrombin inactivated by D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone), was prepared. The binding characteristics of thrombin and FPR-thrombin to heparin-Sepharose and to the endothelial surface of rabbit aorta segments in vitro were compared. From these experiments, we concluded that FPR-thrombin mimicked, qualitatively, the binding of thrombin to the endothelium. When injected intravenously, 125I-FPR-thrombin was removed rapidly from the rabbit circulation (T1/2, approximately 1.4 minutes) and simultaneously was adsorbed by the vascular endothelium, particularly in the lung. By injecting heparin (1,000 units/kg i.v.) before 125I-FPR-thrombin, adsorption by the aorta endothelium at 30 minutes after injection was reduced by 90%, and T1/2 was increased to approximately 3.4 minutes. Heparin, administered at various times after 125I-FPR-thrombin, liberated a significant proportion of 125I-FPR-thrombin from the endothelial surface into the plasma compartment as shown by a pronounced "spike" on the plasma curve, a concomitant loss of radioactivity from the lung and from the aorta endothelium, and analysis of the radioactive components of plasma taken before and after heparin injection. Thus, FPR-thrombin was cleared rapidly from the circulation, and endothelium-bound FPR-thrombin was released into the circulation by heparin.
Food Irradiation Still on Trial
Authors: H. McIntosh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Food Irradiation Still on Trial Get access Hugh McIntosh Hugh McIntosh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 10, 20 May 1992, Pages 753–755, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.10.753 Published: 20 May 1992
m-Calpain antagonizes RhoA overactivation and endothelial barrier dysfunction under disturbed shear conditions
Authors: Takuro Miyazaki, Kazuo Honda, Hisayuki Ohata
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

It has been reported that laminar shear flow (LF) improves barrier functions in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), whereas disturbed flow (DF) impairs the barrier. Our previous study showed that LF stimulus led to the activation of the cysteine protease, m-calpain, in ECs, which can influence RhoA activity. We hypothesized that m-calpain participates in the shear pattern-dependent EC barrier maintenance through RhoA signalling. m-Calpain expression levels in the intima in the inferior aspect of mouse aortic arch where DF dominates were higher than those in adjacent regions. Elevation in transendothelial albumin permeability, which was induced by administration of a calpain inhibitor (ALLM), was prominent in the inferior arch; moreover, this elevation was abolished by Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (Y-27632). Similarly, short interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced silencing of m-calpain resulted in increased RhoA activity and hyperpermeability in the aortic arch, which was accompanied by ROCK inhibitor-sensitive phosphorylation of downstream effecter LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2), stress fibre accumulation in endothelium and enhanced interendothelial gaps. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to LF diminished RhoA activity; in contrast, DF facilitated the activity. siRNA-induced m-calpain silencing further accelerated the DF-induced RhoA overactivation, phosphorylation of LIMK2, and cytoskeletal rearrangement, resulting in barrier dysfunction in the cells. Our findings revealed relatively high m-calpain expression levels in the inferior arch. The m-calpain activity antagonizes DF-induced overactivation of RhoA/ROCK/LIMK2 signalling and subsequent cytoskeletal rearrangement in ECs, which leads to barrier improvement.
Hb Saint Nazaire (β103[G5]Phe→Ile): A new example of polycythemia due to a hemoglobin variant with increased oxygen affinity
Authors: H. Wajcman, J. Kister, A. M'Rad, D. Promé, N. Milpied, M. J. Rapp, J. L. Harousseau, J. Riou, J. Bardakdjian, F. Galacteros
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Hb Saint Nazaire [β103 (G5) Phe→lle] was found in four apparently unrelated French families. The five patients carrying this hemoglobin have been detected because of a moderate erythrocytosis. The structural abnormality of Hb Saint Nazaire concerns the same residue as in Hb Heathrow [β103 (G5) Phe→Leu)]. A comparative functional study between these two variants showed that the increase in oxygen affinity is much lower in Hb Saint Nazaire than in Hb Heathrow. The replacement of phenylalanine G5, which is localized within the heme pocket, by a leucine abolishes several contacts between the heme and the globin and leads to an environment of the heme having some similarities with that observed in myoglobin. In contrast, the replacement of G5 by an isoleucine is likely to introduce less structural modifications. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accurate and rapid identification of bacterial species from positive blood cultures with a DNA-based microarray platform: an observational study
Authors: Päivi Tissari, Alimuddin Zumla, Eveliina Tarkka, Sointu Mero, Laura Savolainen, Martti Vaara, Anne Aittakorpi, Sanna Laakso, Merja Lindfors, Heli Piiparinen, Minna Mäki, Caroline Carder, Jim Huggett, Vanya Gant
Journal: The Lancet (2009)
Stimulation of hepatic sodium and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity by phenobarbital. Its possible role in regulation of bile flow.
Authors: F R Simon, E Sutherland, L Accatino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Since phenobarbital administration produces a profound increase in bile flow without changing bile acid secretion, we examined whether this drug increases the activity of hepatic sodium-potassium-activated ATPase [Na+-K+)-ATPase], the postulated regulating enzyme in the secretion of bile salt independent bile flow. After freeze-thawing to increase substrate accessibility, (Na+-K+) ATPase activity was determined by ouabain inhibition of total ATPase activity. Its activity was highest in isolated liver surface membrane fractions enriched in bile canalicult. Phenobarbital administration significatly increased (Na+-K+)-ATPase activity in both liver surface membrane fractions as well as liver homogenates. This enhanced activity is apparently selective for other membrane phosphatases and the enzyme activity in other tissues is either unaltered or decreased. Kinetic analysis of (Ka+-K+)-ATPase indicates that phenobarbital treatment increased maximum velocity and half-maximum activation constant was unchanged, consistent with activation of latent molecules or an increased number of enzyme molecules. The latter process seems more likely because cycloheximide prevented phenobarbital induction and activators were not demonstrated in vitro. Examination of the full time course of phenobarbital induction to determine whether phenobarbital increased synthesis or decreased degradation was consistent with increased synthesis since the apparent degradation rates were similar with or without phenobarbital treatment. The apparent half-life for (Na+-K+)-ATPase was estimated to be approximately 2.5 days, consistent with liver surface membrane protein turnover. The correlation of changes in bile flow with (Na+-K+)-ATPase was examined under several experimental situations. Phenobarbital caused a parallel increase in each during the 1st 2 days of greatment: thereafter other factors become rate limiting for flow, since enzyme activity doesn't reach a new steady state until 4-days. Consistent with increased sodium-potassium exchange, bile sodium was unchanged while potasium concentrations were significantly reduced. Changes in both bile flow and (Na+-K+)-ATPase induced by phenobarbital are independent of thyroid hormone. These studies support the postulate that (Na+-K+)-ATPase is an important factor in regulation of bile flow. In addition, phenobarbital enhancement of both bile flow and (Na+-K+)-ATPase is dependent upon de novo protein synthesis.
A1-04: Sequential radio-chemotherapy (RT-CT) versus radiotherapy alone (RT) and concomitant RT-CT versus RT alone in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Two meta-analyses using individual patient data (IPD) from randomised clinical trials (RCTs)
Authors: Estelle Rolland, Thierry Le Chevalier, Anne Auperin, Sarah Burdett, Jean-Pierre Pignon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Palmoplantar pustulosis and smoking
Authors: B. J L Sudan
Journal: BMJ (1985)

psoriasis NS; Student's t test).At present a sex and smoking matched control group is not available for comparison with the patients with palmoplantar pustulosis, but there was no difference between results for smokers and non-smokers within the three groups of subjects.Our study has shown similar results of assessment of neutrophil morphology in palmoplantar pustulosis and psoriasis.Abnormalities of neutro- phil C3b receptor function in the two disorders have also been reported to be similar,6 although this may not be the case for intralesional neutrophils.7Although our preliminary results suggest that peripheral blood neutrophil morphology is not changed by cigarette smoking, further studies of the relation between psoriasis, palmoplantar pustulosis, smoking, chemoattractant production, and neutrophil function are certainly warranted to explain the epidemiological findings reported by Dr O'Doherty and Ms Macintyre.
Effect of insulin and plasma amino acid concentrations on leucine metabolism in man. Role of substrate availability on estimates of whole body protein synthesis.
Authors: P Castellino, L Luzi, D C Simonson, M Haymond, R A DeFronzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We examined the effect of insulin and plasma amino acid concentrations on leucine kinetics in 15 healthy volunteers (age 22 +/- 2 yr) using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique and an infusion of [1-14C]leucine. Four different experimental conditions were examined: (a) study one, high insulin with reduced plasma amino acid concentrations; (b) study two, high insulin with maintenance of basal plasma amino acid concentrations; (c) study three, high insulin with elevated plasma amino acid concentrations; and (d) study four, basal insulin with elevated plasma amino acid concentrations. Data were analyzed using both the plasma leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate (the alpha-ketoacid of leucine) specific activities. In study one total leucine flux, leucine oxidation, and nonoxidative leucine disposal (an index of whole body protein synthesis) all decreased (P less than 0.01) regardless of the isotope model utilized. In study two leucine flux did not change, while leucine oxidation increased (P less than 0.01) and nonoxidative leucine disposal was maintained at the basal rate; endogenous leucine flux (an index of whole body protein degradation) decreased (P less than 0.01). In study three total leucine flux, leucine oxidation, and nonoxidative leucine disposal all increased significantly (P less than 0.01). In study four total leucine flux, leucine oxidation, and nonoxidative leucine disposal all increased (P less than 0.001), while endogenous leucine flux decreased (P less than 0.001). We conclude that: (a) hyperinsulinemia alone decreases plasma leucine concentration and inhibits endogenous leucine flux (protein breakdown), leucine oxidation, and nonoxidative leucine disposal (protein synthesis); (b) hyperaminoacidemia, whether in combination with hyperinsulinemia or with maintained basal insulin levels decreases endogenous leucine flux and stimulates both leucine oxidation and nonoxidative leucine disposal.
Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 mucin antigens in intrahepatic bile duct tumors: Its relationship with a new morphological classification of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Michiyo Higashi, Suguru Yonezawa, Jenny J. L. Ho, Sadao Tanaka, Tatsuro Irimura, Young S. Kim, Eiichi Sato
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Our previous immunohistochemical study on intrahepatic bile duct tumors showed that invasive cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with a poor outcome expressed MUC1 mucin but was negative for MUC2 mucin, whereas bile duct cystadenocarcinoma (BDCC) with a favorable outcome was MUC1 negative and MUC2 positive. In the present study, ICC was further subdivided into 2 subtypes: intraductal growth type and/or periductal infiltrating type (ICC-IP) and mass forming type (ICC-M). The survival of patients with BDCC or ICC-IP is significantly better than that of patients with ICC-M. We examined these subtypes (ICC-IP and ICC-M) and BDCC for their expression of MUC1 mucins of different glycoforms. ICC-M showed significantly higher MUC1 expression rates (90%, 95%, and 85% positive rates as measured with the DF3, MY.1E12, and MUC1-Glycoprotein antibodies, respectively) than BDCC and ICC-IP (14% and 33%, 58% and 58%, and 0% and 50% positive respectively, as measured by the same antibodies). In contrast, BDCC (86% positive) and ICC-IP (67% positive) showed significantly higher MUC2 expression rates than ICC-M (25% positive) as measured with the anti-MRP antibody. Thus, the immunohistochemical staining pattern of ICC-IP resembled the pattern of BDCC more than they resembled ICC-M. In general, MUC1 expression is associated with poor patient outcome, irrespective of the glycosylation status. In particular, high expression of more sialylated forms of MUC1 mucins was correlated with poor survival. In contrast, expression of non-sialylated MUC2 mucin is a favorable prognostic indicator. These results suggest that ICC-IP is a different entity from ICC-M. This reclassification may have value in determining prognosis and treatment method.
Infusion fluids contain harmful glucose degradation products
Authors: Anna Bryland, Marcus Broman, Martin Erixon, Bengt Klarin, Torbjörn Lindén, Hans Friberg, Anders Wieslander, Per Kjellstrand, Claudio Ronco, Ola Carlsson, Gabriela Godaly
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)

Glucose degradation products (GDPs) are precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that cause cellular damage and inflammation. We examined the content of GDPs in commercially available glucose-containing infusion fluids and investigated whether GDPs are found in patients' blood.The content of GDPs was examined in infusion fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. To investigate whether GDPs also are found in patients, we included 11 patients who received glucose fluids (standard group) during and after their surgery and 11 control patients receiving buffered saline (control group). Blood samples were analyzed for GDP content and carboxymethyllysine (CML), as a measure of AGE formation. The influence of heat-sterilized fluids on cell viability and cell function upon infection was investigated.All investigated fluids contained high concentrations of GDPs, such as 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG). Serum concentration of 3-DG increased rapidly by a factor of eight in patients receiving standard therapy. Serum CML levels increased significantly and showed linear correlation with the amount of infused 3-DG. There was no increase in serum 3-DG or CML concentrations in the control group. The concentration of GDPs in most of the tested fluids damaged neutrophils, reducing their cytokine secretion, and inhibited microbial killing.These findings indicate that normal standard fluid therapy involves unwanted infusion of GDPs. Reduction of the content of GDPs in commonly used infusion fluids may improve cell function, and possibly also organ function, in intensive-care patients.