tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Etiology of Nongonococcal Urethritis
Authors: K K Holmes, H H Handsfield, S P Wang, B B Wentworth, M Turck, J B Anderson, E R Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the urethra from 48 (42 per cent) of 113 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), four (7 per cent) of 58 without overt urethritis, and 13 (19 per cent) of 69 with gonorrhea. Postgonococcal urethritis (PGU) developed in 11 of 11 men who had C. trum antibody to C. trachomatisis developed. The immunotype specificity of chlamydial antibody corresponded to the immunotype isolated. Among culture-negative patients. chlamydial antibody prevalence correlated with the number of past sex partners and with previous NGU. Herpesvirus hominis, cytomegalovirus, T-mycoplasma, Mycoplasma hominis, other bacteria, and Trichomonas vaginalis were not implicated in NGU or PGU. Thus, the cause of chlamydia-negative NGU and PGU remains obscure. Endocervical chlamydia were found in sex partners of 15 of 22 NGU patients with and two of 24 without urethral chlamydial infection (p smaller than 0.001). Tetracycline treatment of both sex partners appears advisable.Chlamydia trachomartis was isolated from the urethra from 48 (42%) of 113 men with nongonococcal uethritis (NGU), 4 (7%) of 58 without overt urethritis, and 13 (19%) of 69 with gonorrhea. Postonococcal urethritis (PGU) developed in 11 of 11 men who had C. trachomatis. In 9 of 17 culture-positive seronegative patients with NGU or PGU, serum antibody to C. trachomatis developed. The immunotype specificity of chlamydial antibody corresponded to the immunotype isolated. Among culture-negative patients, chlamydial antibody prevalence correlated with the number of past sex partners and with previous NGU. Herpesvirus hominis, cytomegalovirus, T-mycoplasma, mycolpasma hominis, other bacteria, and Trichomanas vaginalis were not implicated in NGU or PGU. Thus, the cause of chlamydia-negative NGU and PGU remains obscure. Endocervical chlamydia were found in sex partners of 15 of 22 NGU patients with and 2 of 24 without urethral chlamydial infection (p0.001). Tetracycline treatment of both sex partners appears advisable.
Smoking Cessation: Intermediate Nonsmoking Periods and Reduction of Laryngeal Cancer Risk
Authors: W. Zatonski, H. Becher, J. Lissowska
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Smoking Cessation: Intermediate Nonsmoking Periods and Reduction of Laryngeal Cancer Risk Get access W. Zatonski, W. Zatonski Centrum Onkologii, Institute M. Sklodowska-CurieWarsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Becher, H. Becher * German Cancer Research Center Institute of Epidemiology and BiometryHeidelburg, Federal Republic of Germany *Correspondence to : H. Becher, Ph.D., German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Epidemiology and Biometry, Department of Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-6900 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Lissowska J. Lissowska Centrum Onkologii, Institute M. Sklodowska-CurieWarsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 17, 5 September 1990, Pages 1427–1428, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.17.1427 Published: 05 September 1990 Article history Received: 21 February 1990 Revision received: 23 March 1990 Accepted: 02 April 1990 Published: 05 September 1990
Abstract 4412: Combining cytokine gene therapy with conventional cancer chemotherapyfor treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Qian Yao, Jianfeng Li, Dexi Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 85-90% of kidney cancer. Treatment was generally aggressive involving nephrectomy and excision of the metastatic lesion. The current study was designed to evaluate a new strategy for treatment of RCC, using combination of cytokine gene therapy with conventional cancer chemotherapy. The study established tumor metastasis in Balb/c mice using Renca cells as a model1. Treatment was performed on tumor bearing mice with hydrodynamic gene delivery of plasmids containing either mIL-2 or mIL-12 gene, separately, or in combination with or without two weekly injection of 5-flououracil (5-FU) (20 mg/kg, ip). The results showed that the lung, liver and kidney were the primary sites of tumor growth. 5-FU is capable of inhibiting tumor growth in the liver and kidney and effective in slowing down tumor growth in the lung when treatment started early and with high frequency. mIL-2 gene therapy inhibited tumor growth in the liver and kidney. The effect became more obvious if treatment started early. However, IL-2 alone is unable to eliminate all liver tumors. mIL-2 gene therapy had almost no effect on tumor growth in lung. mIL-12 gene therapy significantly blocked cancer-induced weight loss. mIL-12 inhibited tumor growth in the liver and kidney, but IL-12 alone is unable to eliminate all liver and kidney tumors. In addition, IL-12 inhibited lung swelling induced by tumor, especially when treatment was started early. Cytokine gene therapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in blocking tumor-induced weight loss, and tumor growth in the liver, lung and kidney. These results provide direct evidence in support that combined therapy of cytokine gene therapy with traditional chemotherapy is effective in treating RCC. Key words: Renal cell carcinoma, gene therapy, IL-12, IL-2, 5- flououracil 1 Jianfeng Li, Qian Yao and Dexi Liu (2011) Hydrodynamic cell delivery for simultaneous establishment of tumor growth in mouse lung, liver and kidney. Cancer Biol Ther 12:737-741. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4412. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4412
Noninvasive assessment of coronary flow velocity reserve impairment in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Massimo Ruscazio, Roberta Montisci, Maurizio Porcu, Rosa Manzi, Luisella Pistis, Norma Zedda, Sabino Iliceto, Luigi Meloni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 3627: Targeted delivery of gelonin to claudin-expressing cancer cells and use of activatable cell penetrating peptides to enhance potency
Authors: Xinjian Lin, Xiaoqin Yuan, Gerald Manorek, Stephen B. Howell
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Treatment of tumors with macromolecular toxins directed to cytoplasmic targets requires selective endocytosis followed by release of intact toxin from the endosome/lysosome compartment. The latter step remains a particular challenge. Claudins 3 and 4 are tight junction proteins that are over-expressed in many types of tumors. Although their functional role in cancer progression remains unclear, the differential expression of these proteins between tumor and normal cells, in addition to their membrane localization, makes them prime candidates for targeted cancer therapy. This study utilized the C-terminal 30 amino acid fragment of C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), that binds to claudins 3 and 4, to deliver the toxin gelonin (rGel) and examined a new strategy for enhancing delivery to the cytoplasm. CPE was fused to rGel at its N-terminal end via a flexible G4S linker. This molecule was internalized into vesicles from which location it produced little cytotoxicity. Arginine-rich peptides have been extensively used to enhance cellular uptake of various types of cargo, and there is a reasonable presumption that they can deliver cargo out of subcellular compartments as well. To enhance release from the endosomal/lysosomal compartment a poly-arginine sequence (R9) was introduced between the CPE and the rGel. CPE-R9-rGel was 10-fold more cytotoxic but selectivity for claudin-expressing cells was lost. Given that the R9 moiety was so effective at enhancing uptake, we reasoned that it would likely also be good at releasing rGel from the compartment into which CPE delivered it. However, to make use of the R9 sequence in this manner it is necessary to mask the R9 until after CPE-mediated and claudin-dependent endocytotic uptake. To this end an E9-G4S-R9-rGel fusion protein was produced and tested for cytotoxicity. The addition of the E9 through a G4S linker to R9-rGel increased the IC50 by 5.3-fold from 38 to 202 nM indicating that the inhibitory E9 domain can largely neutralize the R9. Addition of CPE to the E9-G4S-R9-rGel fusion protein further reduced the IC50 to 482 nM consistent with the concept that the CPE directs the CPE-E9-G4S-R9-rGel to intracellular vesicles from which it has difficulty in fully escaping. However, addition of endosomolytic reagent chloroquine at a non-toxic concentration increased the inhibition of growth produced by 31.25 nM CPE-E9-G4S-R9-rGel from 10% to 76%. Thus, while CPE provides targeting to claudin-expressing tumor cells, R9 plus chloroquine provide a mechanism for getting out of intracellular compartment, and E9 offers an approach to masking the non-specific toxicity of R9-rGel. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3627. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3627
Essential hypertension: effect of an oral inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Authors: G A MacGregor, N D Markandu, J E Roulston, J C Jones
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Captopril, a specific oral inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, was given to 18 unselected patients with moderate essential hypertension. Mean blood pressure fell by 14.5% at the maximum dose given, and this fall was significantly correlated with the initial plasma renin activity. The main fall in blood pressure occurred two hours after the first dose of captopril. These results suggest that captopril effectively lowers blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and that the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system may maintain blood pressure in essential hypertension. This does not necessarily imply that the renin-angiotensin system is the cause of the high blood pressure.
Radioimmunoassay of Fibrinopeptides in Relation to Intravascular Coagulation and Thrombosis
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Hymie L. Nossel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The action of thrombin on fibrinogen and platelets is thought to play a critical part in thrombosis. Thrombin action has been implicated in the pathogenesis of disseminated intravasacular coagulation and of certain chronic renal diseases, and it may also be involved in rejection of renal transplants. Drugs can be used to neutralize thrombin and prevent its formation. Since measurements of thrombin activity should be helpful in selecting patients for anticoagulant therapy and in monitoring its effectiveness, my colleagues and I have developed assays for fibrinopeptides A and B, which provide evidence of thrombin action in vivo. These assays reflect specific . . .
Obstruction Without Dilation
Authors: Clifford Beinart
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Transhepatic cholangiography demonstrated no intrahepatic biliary duct dilation in 16 cases of surgical jaundice. The role of ultrasound, computed tomography, and transhepatic cholangiography in differentiating between surgical and medical jaundice is discussed in the light of these 16 cases. Nondilated ducts on ultrasound or computed tomography do not rule out surgical jaundice, and transhepatic cholangiography should be performed for complete evaluation of the biliary tree.
Manson's Tropical Diseases: A Manual of the Diseases of Warm Climates
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Patrick Manson (1844-1922) began his study of tropical diseases 100 years ago, when he went to Formosa after finishing medicine at his native Aberdeen. He traveled all the tortuous paths of early malariology, made many contributions of his own, and a schistome is appropriately named for him. He was a mature 54 years of age when the first edition of his manual of tropical diseases appeared, and a year later played an important role in establishing the London School of Tropical Medicine. He was knighted not long after in recognition of his many achievements. The 16th edition of this book, for many years edited by his son-in-law, yields an astonishing accumulation of information which continues to find readers and followers, and to have withstood the raids on its markets by many other excellent texts. One of these, now fully adult in its 21 years of age, shows itself in a
Coronary surgery after recurrent myocardial infarction: progress of a trial comparing surgical with nonsurgical management for asymptomatic patients with advanced coronary disease.
Authors: R M Norris, T M Agnew, P W Brandt, K J Graham, D G Hill, A R Kerr, J B Lowe, A H Roche, R M Whitlock, B G Barratt-Boyes
Journal: Circulation (1981)

A randomized trial of surgical vs nonsurgical management was carried out in men 60 years of age or younger who had recovered from a recurrent myocardial infarction. Of 205 patients considered, 100 had few or no symptoms and had coronary vessels favorable for bypass grafting; these patients fulfilled the trial conditions and were randomized (50 surgical and 50 nonsurgical). In 41 patients (elective nonsurgical group), randomization was not considered justifiable because of relatively unfavorable coronary anatomy or severe left ventricular dysfunction. Nineteen patients had elective surgery because of disabling angina despite full medical treatment or because of significant left main coronary stenosis. In 45 patients, coronary angiography was not undertaken because of medical contraindications or reluctance of the patient to enter the study. Actuarial survival curves (mean follow-up 4.5 years) show an annual mortality rate of 3-4% per year for all investigated patients, and no advantage for the randomized surgical over the randomized nonsurgical group. The results suggest that in the absence of disabling angina or left main coronary artery stenosis, coronary artery surgery need not be advised for survivors of recurrent infarctions who have severe coronary artery disease. Moreover, the prognosis for the group of patients not treated surgically appears to be better than has been previously described.
In vivo absorption, metabolism, and urinary excretion of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes in experimental animals. Relevance to the development of cardiovascular diseases by the dietary ingestion of thermally stressed polyunsaturate-rich culinary oils.
Authors: M Grootveld, M D Atherton, A N Sheerin, J Hawkes, D R Blake, T E Richens, C J Silwood, E Lynch, A W Claxson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Thermal stressing of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)- rich culinary oils according to routine frying or cooking practices generates high levels of cytotoxic aldehydic products (predominantly trans-2-alkenals, trans,trans-alka-2,4-dienals, cis,trans-alka-2, 4-dienals, and n-alkanals), species arising from the fragmentation of conjugated hydroperoxydiene precursors. In this investigation we demonstrate that typical trans-2-alkenal compounds known to be produced from the thermally induced autoxidation of PUFAs are readily absorbed from the gut into the systemic circulation in vivo, metabolized (primarily via the addition of glutathione across their electrophilic carbon-carbon double bonds), and excreted in the urine as C-3 mercapturate conjugates in rats. Since such aldehydic products are damaging to human health, the results obtained from our investigations indicate that the dietary ingestion of thermally, autoxidatively stressed PUFA-rich culinary oils promotes the induction, development, and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
TCTAP C-052 Trans-radial Intervention Under Extracorporeal Life Support for the ACS Patient with the Anomalous Origin of the Left Main Coronary Artery
Authors: Kohki Ishida, Kei Yamamoto, Shingo Yamamoto, Shin-Ichi Momomura, Takeshi Ishida, Tomohiro Nakamura, Yusuke Adachi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cloning of Rat Homologue of Podocin
Authors: Hiroshi Kawachi, Hiroko Koike, Hidetake Kurihara, Tatsuo Sakai, Fujio Shimizu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. Podocin is identified as a product of the gene mutated in a patient with autosomal recessive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Although podocin is reported to be located at the slit diaphragm area, the precise role of podocin for maintaining the barrier function of the slit diaphragm has not been clearly elucidated. A rat homologue of podocin was cloned, and the expression of podocin was investigated and then compared with the nephrin and the ZO-1 expressions in rat experimental proteinuric models and in developing glomeruli. Amino acid sequences of rat and human podocin are highly homologous (84.3% identity). The domain structure of podocin is also highly conserved between rat and human. The mRNA expression for podocin was detected in glomeruli and the nerve tissues. The localization of podocin has close proximity to that of nephrin in normal adult rat glomeruli. Podocin staining was restricted to the basal side of the podocyte of the early developing stage, whereas nephrin staining was detected on the basolateral surface of podocyte. The redistribution of podocin was observed in the anti-nephrin antibody (ANA)-induced nephropathy and puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephropathy. The redistribution of podocin paralleled with nephrin in ANA nephropathy but not in PAN nephropathy. Podocin is observed at the site of tight junction newly formed in proteinuric state in PAN nephropathy. It is postulated that podocin is one of the critical components of a slit diaphragm for maintaining the barrier function of the glomerular capillary wall. E-mail: [email protected]
Neurohormonal inhibition and hemodynamic unloading during prolonged inhibition of ANF degradation in patients with severe chronic heart failure.
Authors: T Münzel, S Kurz, J Holtz, R Busse, H Steinhauer, H Just, H Drexler
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of prolonged inhibition of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) degradation in patients with severe chronic heart failure.The effects of repeated doses of the endopeptidase inhibitor candoxatrilat (150 mg i.v.) were examined over a 24-hour period in patients with severe chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association class III-IV). Plasma alpha-hANF(99-126) was elevated at baseline (235 +/- 59 pg/ml), increased 2.5-fold at 2 hours after the first dose, and remained significantly elevated throughout the 24-hour protocol. In contrast, pro-hANF(31-67) decreased from 3,151 +/- 616 to 2,072 +/- 362 pg/ml (p less than 0.05). Cardiac index (CI) increased only transiently after the first dose of candoxatrilat (CI, 2.11 +/- 0.2 to 2.67 +/- 0.28 l/min/m2, p less than 0.05). Sodium excretion increased sixfold (p less than 0.05) 2 hours after the first dose of candoxatrilat and remained significantly elevated throughout the protocol. Degree of natriuresis and diuresis in response to candoxatrilat was closely related to baseline cardiac output. Glomerular filtration rate and volume excretion did not change significantly. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell from 23 +/- 3 to 18 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and remained below baseline throughout the 24 hours. Arterial pressure, heart rate, and total peripheral resistance did not change significantly during the 24-hour period. Urinary cGMP excretion increased fivefold (p less than 0.05), whereas urinary ANF immunoreactivity and plasma cGMP levels remained unchanged. Excretion of prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-PGF-1 alpha increased 3.3-fold (p less than 0.05). Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels decreased significantly after candoxatrilat and remained suppressed over the 24-hour period. There was also a transient reduction in plasma vasopressin, aldosterone levels, and plasma renin activity. Hematocrit, total protein content, and plasma albumin concentrations did not change, indicating that no fluid shift into the extravascular space had occurred.1) The inhibition of ANF degradation causes sustained drop in left and right atrial pressures that appears to be mediated by an inhibition of neurohumoral activity; 2) concomitant inhibition of bradykinin breakdown (which in turn stimulates renal prostacyclin synthesis) contributes to natriuresis; 3) the close correlation between renal response and baseline cardiac index indicates that an inadequate renal perfusion secondary to low cardiac output diminishes the efficacy of this treatment modality. This spectrum of action would be advantageous for a first-line diuretic agent early in the course of disease rather than in patients with advanced chronic heart failure.
Thyroid Dysfunction as a Mediator of Organochlorine Neurotoxicity in Preschool Children
Authors: Jordi Julvez, Frodi Debes, Pal Weihe, Anna L. Choi, Philippe Grandjean
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) can alter thyroid function in humans, and hypothyroidism during early life can adversely affect a child's neurodevelopment.In this study we aimed to assess the relationship between developmental organochlorine exposures and thyroid function and the relationship between thyroid function and subsequent neurodevelopment.A population-based birth cohort of 182 children was followed annually up to 5.5 years of age. The assessments included OC concentrations in maternal pregnancy serum and milk, clinical thyroid parameters in maternal and cord serum, and subsequent neuropsychological outcomes of the child, along with sociodemographic cofactors. Resin triiodothyronine uptake ratio (T3RU) was also assessed as an estimate of the amount of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) sites unsaturated by thyroxine. The T3RU is high in hyperthyroidism and low in hypothyroidism.The findings showed consistent inverse and monotonic associations between organochlorine exposure and T3RU after covariate adjustments. We observed no associations with other thyroid parameters. T3RU was positively associated with improved performance on most of the neuropsychological tests. For other thyroid parameters, the findings were less consistent.The results suggest that OC exposures may decrease the T3RU during early life, which is a proxy measure of the binding capacity of TBG. In addition, minor decreases of the thyroid function may be inversely associated with a child's neurodevelopment.
Vertebral Puncture in General Paralysis of the Insane, with some Remarks on the Pressure and Composition of the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid in this Disease
Authors: J. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1896)

Frequent myotatic excess but no contractures.Late speech troubles.Acute excitement with frequent convulsions.Very rapidly fatal course. (Preponderance of syphilitic history.)GROUP 3. Spastic myosis; a complete reflex iridoplegia.Absent or greatly impaired knee-jerk.Failure of equilibration; locomotor ataxy, defective sensi- bility.Very defective articulation.Much optimism and excitement.GROUP 4. Late eye symptoms: paralytic mydriasis, a partial reflex iridoplegia (for light only).Ataxic paraplegia confined to lower extremities. (Arms do not participate.)Great facial ataxy with extreme troubles of speech.Epileptiform seizures ushering in pronounced mental en- feeblement.GROUP 5.*No oculo-motor symptoms beyond occasional inequality.No contractures, but notable myotatic excess.No disturbance of equilibration, locomotion, or sensation.Speech troubles not pronounced.Epileptiform seizures very rare, but from the first pro-.gressivedeepening dementia.