tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 and liver cytosol antibody type 1 concentrations in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: L Muratori, M Cataleta, P Muratori, M Lenzi, F B Bianchi
Journal: Gut (1998)

Liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 (LKM1) and liver cytosol antibody type 1 (LC1) are the serological markers of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Since LKM1 and LC1 react against two distinct liver specific autoantigens (cytochrome P450IID6 (CYP2D6) and a 58 kDa cytosolic polypeptide respectively), the aim was to see whether LKM1 and LC1 concentrations correlate with liver disease activity.Twenty one patients with type 2 AIH were studied.All sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and immunoblotting visualised by enhanced chemiluminescence. To evaluate LKM1 and LC1 levels, the 50 kDa microsomal reactivity (corresponding to CYP2D6) and the 58 kDa cytosolic reactivity were quantified by densitometric analysis.Seven patients were positive for LKM1, nine for LC1, and five for both. Serial serum samples at onset and during immunosuppressive treatment were analysed in 13 patients (four positive for LKM1, six positive for LC1 and three positive for both). During remission, LKM1 concentration remained essentially unchanged in six of seven patients, and decreased in only one. Conversely, in two of nine patients, LC1 was completely lost, and, in the remaining seven, LC1 concentration was reduced by more than 50%. After immunosuppression tapering or withdrawal, flare ups of liver necrosis ensued with increasing LC1 concentration, but not LKM1.LC1 concentration, at variance with that of LKM1, parallels liver disease activity, and its participation in the pathogenic mechanisms of liver injury can be hypothesised.
Legionnaires' disease hits north west England
Authors: H. Barratt
Journal: BMJ (2002)

One man had died and 82 people had been confirmed as having legionnaires' disease, as the BMJ went to press, in the largest outbreak of the disease in the United Kingdom since 1988.

Officials believe that the source of the outbreak is an air conditioning plant at a council-runarts centre in Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria.

In an attempt to avert to the possibility of cases elsewhere, the government issued guidance todoctors throughout the country on …
Effects of heparin, histamine, and salmon calcitonin on mouse calvarial bone resorption.
Authors: A J Crisp, J K Wright, B L Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

A quantitative mouse calvarial bone resorption assay was employed to investigate the effects of the mast cell products, heparin and histamine, and of salmon calcitonin. 9Amorphous9 heparin, containing a range of molecular weight fractions, inhibited resorption by 15-20% at concentrations of 0.75-5.0 mg/ml. A 9defined9 heparin species of mol.wt 13 500 inhibited resorption by 14-28% at 10(-5)-10(-4) mol/l. Histamine inhibited resorption by 19-55% at 10(-3)-10(-2) mol/l. It is proposed that heparin and histamine depress coupled bone resorption and formation and may lead to net loss of bone. Salmon calcitonin inhibited resorption at concentrations as low as 10 pg/ml. 9Amorphous9 (but not 9defined9) heparin blunted calcitonin induced inhibition of bone resorption and may derepress osteoclasts.
CASE OF ACUTE IDIOPATHIC GANGRENE OF THE LEG
Authors: J. D. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1856)

fainted.On arriving at the house, I found on the boards, under the bed, a pool of blood, which must have amounted to two or three pints, having filtered through the bed after inundating the clothes.The woman was faint, and gasp- ing for breath; the hsmorrhage had ceased.On examina- tion, I found the os uteri patulous and dilatable, capable of admitting my middle finger, which I passed up, and then discovered the cause of the hamorrhago.From the first, indeed, I had suspected, but could not before satisfy
Reply to Vladimir Novotny, Manfred P. Wirth, Michael Froehner's Letter to the Editor re: Atiqullah Aziz, Matthias May, Maximilian Burger, et al. PROMETRICS 2011 research group. Prediction of 90-day Mortality After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer in a Prospective European Multicenter Cohort. Eur Urol 2014;66:156–163
Authors: Florian Roghmann, Matthias May, Atiqullah Aziz
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (<scp>C</scp>hurg–<scp>S</scp>trauss): state of the art
Authors: A. Vaglio, C. Buzio, J. Zwerina
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis ( C hurg– S trauss, EGPA ) is a systemic small‐vessel vasculitis associated with asthma and eosinophilia. Histology of EGPA shows tissue eosinophilia, necrotizing vasculitis, and eosinophil‐rich granulomatous inflammation. EGPA commonly presents with upper airway tract and lung involvement, peripheral neuropathy, cardiac and skin lesions. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( ANCA ) are positive in ∼40% of the cases and more often in patients with clinical manifestations due to small‐vessel vasculitis. The pathogenesis of EGPA is multifactorial: the disease can be triggered by exposure to allergens or drugs, but a genetic background has also been recognized, particularly an association with HLA ‐ DRB 4. Th 2 responses are prominent, with up‐regulation of IL ‐4, IL ‐13, and IL ‐5; however, Th 1 and Th 17 responses are not negligible. Eosinophils are activated, have a prolonged lifespan and probably cause tissue damage by releasing their granule proteins; their tissue recruitment can be regulated by chemokines such as eotaxin‐3 and CCL 17. Humoral immunity is also dysregulated, as demonstrated by prominent I g G 4 and I g E responses. EGPA promptly responds to glucocorticoid therapy, although combinations of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclophosphamide, azathioprine) are eventually required in most cases. Newer therapeutic options include the anti‐ IL 5 antibody mepolizumab, whose efficacy has been described in small clinical trials, and the B ‐cell‐depleting agent rituximab, reported in several case series.
1073-143 Physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis using transthoracic doppler echocardiography at rest: Comparison of flow velocity pattern analysis with exercise thallium SPECT
Authors: Masao Daimon, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Hiroyuki Yamagishi, Rei Hasegawa, Tomohiko Toyoda, Tai Sekine, Takayuki Kawata, Sachiko Honjyo, Kwangho Lee, Yoichi Kuwabara, Junichi Yoshikawa, Issei Komuro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Human renal fibroblasts modulate proximal tubule cell growth and transport via the IGF-I axis
Authors: David W. Johnson, Heather J. Saunders, Bronwyn K. Brew, Anand Ganesan, Robert C. Baxter, Philip Poronnik, David I. Cook, Akos Z. Györy, Michael J. Field, Carol A. Pollock
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Atopic dermatitis and birth factors: historical follow up by record linkage
Authors: A. B. Olesen, A. R. Ellingsen, H. Olesen, S. Juul, K. Thestrup-Pedersen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To study if factors at birth are associated with later development of atopic dermatitis.Historical follow up by record linkage from Danish medical birth register. Children were followed up for 5.5 to 8.5 years. Second historical follow up study comprising questionnaire to mothers of singleborn children 6.5 to 9.5 years after birth.Private dermatology clinics and dermatology and paediatric departments in the municipality of Aarhus, Denmark.7862 singletons born in hospital between 1 January 1984 and 31 December 1986 to mothers living in the municipality of Aarhus. Questionnaires sent to 985 mothers.Gestational age, birth weight, parity, and age of mother at the time of birth. Atopy in children diagnosed by specialists in dermatology and physicians. Family size; diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma; family predisposition; and mothers' smoking habits during pregnancy determined from questionnaires.Of 7862 children, 403 were diagnosed as having atopic dermatitis by a specialist; the cumulative incidence at age 7 was 5.6%. High gestational age and low parity were associated with an increased risk of atopic dermatitis. Among 985 children atopic dermatitis had been diagnosed by any physician in 184; the cumulative incidence at age 7 was 18.7%. High birth weight, high gestational age, and family history of atopy were associated with increased risk of atopic dermatitis.In both studies the incidence of atopic dermatitis was associated with high gestational age and in one with high birth weight also. The causes for these associations are at present unknown but may indicate that even during gestation factors associated with atopic dermatitis influence maturation.
Phosphorylase Enzyme of Brain in Mental Illness
Authors: Tom T. Iriye
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE PHOSPHORYLASE ENZYME which catalyzes the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate has become implicated recently in some important biochemical and physiological functions of the organism, eg, contraction of the heart,<sup>1,2</sup>production of the corticoids by the adrenal cortex,<sup>3,4</sup>etc. These and some other biochemical and pharmacological phenomena have suggested possible involvement of the phosphorylase enzyme of the brain in the synthesis of norepinephrine.<sup>5</sup>If such is the case, the effect on the phosphorylase enzyme would affect the transmission of nerve impulses, and, hence, mental phenomena. Investigation was begun, therefore, to search for substances which affected the enzyme level of the brain in vivo. The work which has been done so far is a preliminary study in an attempt to substantiate the hypothesis. This communication is not intended to offer proof of the hypothesis. Nevertheless, results obtained suggested a correlation between the phosphorylase enzyme and mental illness. This
Flow cytometry evaluation of erythroid and myeloid dysplasia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: L Malcovati, M G Della Porta, M Lunghi, C Pascutto, L Vanelli, E Travaglino, M Maffioli, P Bernasconi, M Lazzarino, R Invernizzi, M Cazzola
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Genome-wide association study identifies eight new susceptibility loci for atopic dermatitis in the Japanese population
Authors: Tomomitsu Hirota, Atsushi Takahashi, Michiaki Kubo, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Kaori Tomita, Masafumi Sakashita, Takechiyo Yamada, Shigeharu Fujieda, Shota Tanaka, Satoru Doi, Akihiko Miyatake, Tadao Enomoto, Chiharu Nishiyama, Nobuhiro Nakano, Keiko Maeda, Ko Okumura, Hideoki Ogawa, Shigaku Ikeda, Emiko Noguchi, Tohru Sakamoto, Nobuyuki Hizawa, Koji Ebe, Hidehisa Saeki, Takashi Sasaki, Tamotsu Ebihara, Masayuki Amagai, Satoshi Takeuchi, Masutaka Furue, Yusuke Nakamura, Mayumi Tamari
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Epitaph for the M.C.H.C.
Authors: R J Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1972)

the patient with clear-cut communicating hydrocephalus, the patient with epilepsy, the two patients intoxicated by drugs, the eight depressed patients, and the patient with mania.If we had wished to press the point we might have included 24 other patients in whom the results of investigation could have led to some attempt to treat the patients or their relatives; that is, treatment for the seven hypertensive patients with arteriosclerotic dementia, treatment for the six alcoholics, genetic counselling for the relatives of three patients with Huntington's chorea, symptomatic therapy for the five patients with malignant brain tumours, and even experimental antiviral treatment for the three patients with Creutzfeldt-Jacob's disease.-Weare, etc.,
THE INFECTIVE GRANULE IN CERTAIN PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS, AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE SPIROCHAETOSIS OF SUDANESE FOWLS
Authors: A. Balfour
Journal: BMJ (1911)

PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS.[APRIL i, IgiI.from anthrax to some workers, or at any rate made them less susceptible to an attack of this special form of blood- poisoning.Now I know of only one way in which immunity against, or diminished susceptibility to, a specific contagion can be accidentally acquired-namely, by contracting the specific disease in question.If, therefore, the above extract has any meaning at all, it can only mean that these wool-workers acquire slight forms of anthrax which give them im- munity; in other words, that the views I have been inculcating for the last half-dozen years are supported by the statistics of the incidence of anthrax.
TCT-120 The Policy Of Total Percutaneous Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: One-year Follow-up
Authors: Juraj Madaric, Marek Toth, Tibor Balazs, Rastislav Bazik, Juraj Mikulas, Terezia Urlandova, Daniela Hladikova, Erika Drangova, Jana Margitfalviova, Andrej Klepanec, Ivan Vulev
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Role of the occupational health service in increasing the uptake of rubella immunisation
Authors: S J Jachuck, C L Bound, C Jones
Journal: BMJ (1985)

human parvovirus in pregnancy are en- couraging and substantiate previous epidemiological studies that have failed to reveal any evidence of teratogenicity.'Indeed, the severe fetal infections described recently3 4 may well represent rare events.Nevertheless, we agree with Dr Wright and colleagues on the need for serological identification of additional cases if the effects of human parvovirus in pregnancy are to be defined more precisely.Our experi- ence suggests, however, that infection in some adults may be subclinical, as illustrated by our third case.It may be prudent, therefore, to consider human parvovirus serology not only in pregnant women who develop a non-rubella rash but also in those who are close contacts of children with erythema infectiosum.
The risk of infections in HIV-HCV coinfected patients during antiviral therapy with pegIFN+RBV
Authors: B.A. Payer, T. Reiberger, F. Breitenecker, M.C. Aichelburg, C. Schuster, P.M. Heil, T.M. Scherzer, P. Ferenci, A. Rieger, M. Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Plasma Cytokine and Endotoxin Levels Correlate with Survival in Patients with the Sepsis Syndrome
Authors: Larry C. Casey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To determine whether plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide are detectable in patients when they first present with the sepsis syndrome and to determine whether levels correlate with patient survival.Prospective study comparing patients with the sepsis syndrome, critically ill patients without sepsis, and normal healthy volunteers.Tertiary care hospital affiliated with a medical school.The study included 97 consecutive patients on a medical service who met the criteria for the sepsis syndrome; 20 critically ill patients without sepsis who were in the medical intensive care unit; and 20 healthy volunteers who served as comparison groups.Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 beta, interleukin-6, and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) levels were measured when a patient was first identified as having the sepsis syndrome. Survival was defined as being alive 30 days after the sepsis syndrome was diagnosed.Fifty-four percent of patients with the sepsis syndrome had detectable levels of TNF-alpha (median, 26 pg/mL; range, nondetectable to 1000 pg/mL); 37% had detectable levels of IL-1 (median, 20 pg/mL; range, nondetectable to 2850 pg/mL); 80% had detectable levels of IL-6 (median, 415 pg/mL; range, nondetectable to 2380 pg/mL); and 89% had detectable levels of lipopolysaccharide (median, 2.6; range, nondetectable to 12.5 endotoxin units [EU]/mL). In all cases levels were higher than those in critically ill patients without sepsis and normal healthy controls (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide were detectable in patients regardless of culture status. The IL-6 level was 69% (95% CI, 30% to 108%) higher in patients who died compared with those who survived. The scores for the individual levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide were summed to arrive at a total lipopolysaccharide-cytokine score, and mortality increased with lipopolysaccharide-cytokine score (P < 0.001).Patients with the sepsis syndrome have detectable levels of circulating TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide independent of culture-documented infection. Lipopolysaccharide and cytokines may play a pathogenic role in sepsis, and the combination of several elevated factors may be important in determining patient survival.
144 POOR PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF THE AMERICAN DONOR RISK INDEX IN ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN EUROPE
Authors: M. Carbone, A. Gimson, S. Rushton, A. Hudson, A. Nardi, T. Marianelli, D. Collett, M. Angelico, J.M. Neuberger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Case 2-1987
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Fred S. Rosen, Nancy L. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Presentation of CaseA 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever and dysphagia.The patient was born of a second pregnancy that was complicated by vaginal bleeding in the second month. His birth weight was 3.4 kg. The child appeared healthy at birth, and his early development was normal. At two years of age his gait was noted to be ataxic, and slurred speech soon developed. An orchidopexy was performed at the age of three years. He attended school through the seventh grade, with average to good grades, but the ataxia and dysarthria worsened gradually. At the . . .
USUAL MAXILLARY DEFORMATIONS
Authors: HARVEY STALLARD
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The maxillae, by forming the upper jaw and by bounding portions of the oral, nasal, and orbital cavities, constitute a large part of the face. They articulate with all the other bones of the face, except the mandible, with the frontal, ethmoid and occasionally with either or both, the orbital surfaces and lateral pterygoid plates of the sphenoid.  Since I am not dealing with congenital absence or nonunion of parts, I shall forego any embryologic discussion of the maxillae.  From the dental point of view, the normal complete maxillary structure should have sixteen fully developed teeth, each occluding in the most efficient manner with its opponents. There is no fixed size for a normal dental arch, nor any definitely determinable curves it should have, but all of its features are dependent on (1) the type of the individual and (2) the most favorable environment for full oral development.  As the
Points: Information on rabies
Authors: R. G Small
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3></h3> Many newly diagnosed African Americans with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) display clinical, metabolic, and immunological features of type 2 diabetes during follow-up. Their initial presentation is acute and without precipitating cause. Most patients are able to discontinue insulin therapy within a few weeks/months of follow-up. This clinical presentation is common, affecting 20-50% of newly diagnosed black and Hispanic patients with DKA. This subtype of diabetes is referred to as diabetes type 1B, idiopathic type 1 diabetes, atypical diabetes, Flatbush diabetes, type 1.5 diabetes, and, more recently, ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes (KPDM). We reviewed current knowledge regarding the clinical presentation, metabolic, and immunologic features of subjects with this "atypical " form of diabetes. We performed a computerized search of biomedical journal literature from Medline, PubMed, and Ovid from 1/1966 to 10/2005. English-language original articles found under the subject headings "ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes " and "atypical diabetes " were reviewed. In this analysis we included 484 cases (429 blacks, 39 Hispanics, 8 Asians, 8 Caucasians) from 7 series reported from America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Clinical characteristic include a mean age of 40 6 3 years, male gender 67% 6 9, new-onset diabetes: 83%, % family history: 80 6 5, % positive antibodies: 7.1 6 7, % patients who attained remission: 59 6 15, A<sub>1C</sub> at presentation: 13.2 6 0.6%, and A<sub>1C</sub> at remission: 7.0 6 1.2%. At presentation, they have markedly impaired insulin secretion and insulin action, but intensified treatment improves b-cell function and insulin sensitivity during follow-up. Determination of autoimmune markers (islet cell and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies) and measurement of insulin secretion (basal or glucagon-stimulated C-peptide levels) may be useful in predicting near-normoglycemic remission. Our analysis indicates that what was once considered as "atypical diabetes " is a common clinical presentation among newly diagnosed black and Hispanic patients with DKA. This subtype of diabetes with phasic insulin dependence represents a subset of type 2 diabetes and confirms the wide spectrum of clinical presentation of type 2 diabetes.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism after Radioiodine Exposure: Ukrainian–American Cohort Study of Thyroid Cancer and Other Thyroid Diseases after the Chornobyl Accident (1998–2000)
Authors: Evgenia Ostroumova, Alina Brenner, Valery Oliynyk, Robert McConnell, Jacob Robbins, Galina Terekhova, Lydia Zablotska, Ilya Likhtarev, Andre Bouville, Viktor Shpak, Valentin Markov, Ihor Masnyk, Elaine Ron, Mykola Tronko, Maureen Hatch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid abnormality in patients treated with high doses of iodine-131 (131I). Data on risk of hypothyroidism from low to moderate 131I thyroid doses are limited and inconsistent.This study was conducted to quantify the risk of hypothyroidism prevalence in relation to 131I doses received because of the Chornobyl accident.This is a cross-sectional (1998-2000) screening study of thyroid diseases in a cohort of 11,853 individuals < 18 years of age at the time of the accident, with individual thyroid radioactivity measurements taken within 2 months of the accident. We measured thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine, and antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (ATPO) in serum.Mean age at examination of the analysis cohort was 21.6 years (range, 12.2-32.5 years), with 49% females. Mean 131I thyroid dose was 0.79 Gy (range, 0-40.7 Gy). There were 719 cases with hypothyroidism (TSH > 4 mIU/L), including 14 with overt hypothyroidism. We found a significant, small association between (131)I thyroid doses and prevalent hypothyroidism, with the excess odds ratio (EOR) per gray of 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.21). EOR per gray was higher in individuals with ATPO < or = 60 U/mL compared with individuals with ATPO > 60 U/mL (p < 0.001).This is the first study to find a significant relationship between prevalence of hypothyroidism and individual (131)I thyroid doses due to environmental exposure. The radiation increase in hypothyroidism was small (10% per Gy) and limited largely to subclinical hypothyroidism. Prospective data are needed to evaluate the dynamics of radiation-related hypothyroidism and clarify the role of antithyroid antibodies.
Largest set of human genomes from a single population is sequenced
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Researchers have sequenced the whole genomes of 2636 people from Iceland and compared them with partial sequences from a further 104 000 to give the largest ever set of human genomes from a single population. The study provides new data to explore links between genetic variants and disease but raises questions about how to use this information in healthcare.1

“These results provide a strategy for the analysis of the full spectrum of genetic variation in any population and raise questions about how society should implement the knowledge gained,” said an editorial in Nature Genetics ,2 …
Monitoring of treatment success in patients with acromegaly: The value of serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and serum leptin measurements in comparison to plasma insulin-like growth factor I determination
Authors: Concepci[oacute]n P[aacute]ramo, Enrique Fluiters, Javier de la Fuente, Amalia Andrade, Ricardo V. Garc[iacute]a-Mayor
Journal: Metabolism (2001)