tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Working Nights, Khao I Dang
Authors: Matthew L. Cartter
Journal: JAMA (1987)

They say that Khao I Dang is going to close this year. They said it then, too. A Khmer teenager was one of the first to be seen in the emergency room that night in 1983. His hands grasped the hard edges of the wooden hospital bed, and his eyes scanned the faces of those around him as he writhed slowly in a circle of staff and friends. His friends had brought him from the soccer field. According to them, the ball had hit him in the stomach and now he had stomach pains. This was the Khao I Dang night shift. In a quietly seething camp of 40 000 people, we were the officially awake. The others, Cambodians in Thailand, lay in darkness within the perimeter. Only we and the guards could move along the deserted camp streets. We were alone, except for the brushfires on the mountain, which
Confronting Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Stuart B. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1993)

SCIENTIFIC journals, an Institute of Medicine study, newspapers, and magazines report the reappearance of "old" pathogens as major clinical problems worldwide.<sup>1-3</sup>In particular,<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>and<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>have been cited. In fact, this reemergence includes a diverse group of infectious organisms that have a common feature— multidrug resistance. Soon after penicillin was introduced into clinical practice, physicians became keenly aware that the bacteria being attacked, namely the staphylococci, were not going to succumb easily to this antibiotic and, in retrospect, to many others. Their "resistance" was linked to a gene that coded for an enzyme, penicillinase, which destroyed penicillin. To complicate matters, the gene was not carried on the chromosome, as was expected, but instead, resided on a self-replicating extrachromosomal DNA unit—what we now call a plasmid. Plasmids are not novel elements limited to only certain bacteria. They are common components of the total genetic composition of most,
The immature mouse is a suitable model for detection of estrogenicity in the uterotropic bioassay.
Authors: E Padilla-Banks, W N Jefferson, R R Newbold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The traditional rodent uterotropic response assay has been incorporated into the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's screening and testing program for environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). While much effort continues to focus on determining protocol variables, few studies compare uterotropic responses in rats, a species commonly used in toxicologic testing, with other rodent species. In this study, we compared uterine responses in immature outbred CD-1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. After three daily subcutaneous injections with 17beta-estradiol (0.1-500 microg/kg/day), immature mice and rats demonstrated a similar dose-response increase in absolute uterine wet weight and uterine weight:body weight ratio. Further, morphologic and biochemical parameters of estrogenicity, including uterine epithelial cell height and number, gland number, and induction of estrogen-responsive proteins lactoferrin and complement C3, mirror wet weight increases. We conclude that mice are as well suited as rats for the uterotropic bioassay. Because of the advantages of using mice, including lower costs, less space required, and smaller amounts of compound needed for tests, mice should be given appropriate consideration in testing paradigms for EDCs.
Increased cardiac expression of endothelin-1 mRNA in ischemic heart failure in rats
Authors: T TONNESSEN, G CHRISTENSEN, E OIE, E HOLT, H KJEKSHUS, O SMISETH, O SEJERSTED, H ATTRAMADAL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives: Plasma endothelin (ET) concentrations are increased in heart failure. The aims of the present study were to investigate to what extent cardiac ET mRNA expression is induced in ischemic heart failure and whether there may be compensatory downregulation of myocardial mRNA levels for the ET A and ET B receptor subtypes. Methods: In rats with ischemic heart failure (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure > 15 mmHg) due to left coronary artery ligation, Northern blot analyses were performed on mRNA isolated from cardiac tissues. Results: A substantial upregulation was revealed in all chambers of the failing hearts. Up to 27-fold upregulation (mean 10.6 ± 4.0, P = 0.002) of left ventricular ET-1 mRNA levels was measured 1 week after myocardial infarction, whereas only a modest upregulation was detected after 6 weeks (mean 2.7 ± 0.5, P < 0.05). Ribonuclease protection assay revealed 2.8 ± 0.4-fold higher levels of ET-1 mRNA in the left ventricular area subjected to myocardial infarction compared to the non-infarcted tissue after 1 week. Left ventricular ET-1 mRNA correlated significantly with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure after 1 week ( r2 = 0.86, P = 0.007). The ET A and ET B receptor mRNA levels tended to increase 1 week after myocardial infarction although these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Cardiac ET-1 mRNA levels are increased in ischemic heart failure and correlate significantly with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure 1 week after myocardial infarction. The increase in cardiac ET-1 mRNA is not accompanied by a decrease in ET receptor mRNA.
Peptide hydrolase activities of the mucosa of human small intestine
Authors: William D. Heizer, Leonard Laster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Few studies have been published on peptide hydrolase activities of human small intestine mucosa. We developed methods to screen tissue extracts for such enzymes and to quantitate hydrolase activities for dipeptides containing the aromatic amino acid L-phenylalanine. The screening procedure indicated glycyl-L-proline hydrolase activity was reduced in biopsy specimens from patients with flattened intestinal mucosa. To explore this further, we established optimal assay conditions for hydrolase activities (a) glycyl-L-proline, (b) L-phenylalanyl-L-proline, (c) L-alanyl-L-phenylalanine, and (d) L-phenylalanylglycine. Biopsy specimens from patients with various intestinal disorders, but without flattened mucosa, and from three patients with flattened mucosa, showed a disproportionate reduction in activities (a) and (b), with the reduction being significantly more marked in the latter patients. We suggest that intestinal imidopeptide hydrolase activities, such as (a) and (b), are sensitive to changes in intestinal disease generally, particularly to the altered physiology associated with flattening of the mucosa, and are secondary to, rather than a cause of, the intestinal pathology. Our finding that intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity tended to parallel imidopeptide hydrolase activity, and that activity (a) was partially localized to the particulate fraction of mucosal homogenate, suggested that imidopeptide hydrolase activities may be located in the microvilli of the intestinal epithelium and that, like alkaline phosphatase activity, they may be reduced in flattened mucosae, in part at least because of the pathologic changes in the microvilli. In our studies of control subjects we did not detect peptide hydrolase activity deficiency analogous to asymptomatic disaccharidase deficiency.
Liver cancer toll high in Japan
Authors: A. Easton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Japan has the highest rate of liver cancer in any industrialised country, and the annual death rate of 32000 is expected to rise over the next 10 years, according to a report by the Japan Society of Hepatology.

Primary cancer of the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma), which is nearly always the result of long term damage through either infection with hepatitis B or C or …
Improving outcomes after surgery
Authors: M. P W Grocott
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) display unique aggressive behavior, invading the articular cartilage and promoting inflammation. Using an integrative analysis of RA risk alleles, the transcriptome and methylome in RA FLS, we recently identified the limb bud and heart development (<i>LBH</i>) gene as a key dysregulated gene in RA and other autoimmune diseases. Although some evidence suggests that LBH could modulate the cell cycle, the precise mechanism is unknown and its impact on inflammation in vivo has not been defined. Our cell cycle analysis studies show that LBH deficiency in FLS leads to S-phase arrest and failure to progress through the cell cycle. LBH-deficient FLS had increased DNA damage and reduced expression of the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase α. Decreased DNA polymerase α was followed by checkpoint arrest due to phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1. Because DNA fragments can increase arthritis severity in preclinical models, we then explored the effect of LBH deficiency in the K/BxN serum transfer model. <i>Lbh</i> knockout exacerbated disease severity, which is associated with elevated levels of IL-1β and checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation. These studies indicate that LBH deficiency induces S-phase arrest that, in turn, exacerbates inflammation. Because <i>LBH</i> gene variants are associated with type I diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, RA, and celiac disease, these results suggest a general mechanism that could contribute to immune-mediated diseases.
Gynaecologist is struck off for sterilising women without their consent
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A gynaecologist in England who sterilised patients against their wishes was last week struck off the medical register by the General Medical Council.

Michael Pembrey, aged 56, was found to have sterilised five women without obtaining proper consent, including one patient with a severe learning disability and another with Down's syndrome. The case was heard in October, but had been adjourned (19 October, p 854).

The allegations covered the period 1989-99, when Mr Pembrey worked as a consultant at the Conquest Hospital in Hastings, East Sussex. He was also found to have carried out an incompetent sterilisation on a woman in 1995 that later resulted in an ectopic pregnancy. Another patient, who consented to laparoscopic sterilisation …
Specific suppressive factors produced by hybridomas derived from the fusion of enriched suppressor T cells and a T lymphoma cell line
Authors: M Taniguchi, JFAP Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

A cell fusion technique was used to produce hybridomas between the T lymphoma cell line, EL-4, derived from C57BL (H-2(b)), and an enriched population of human gamma globulin (HGG)-specific suppressor T cells prepared from the spleens of HGG-tolerant CBA mice (H-2(k)). Membrane fluorescence analysis of the hybridoma cells within 6 wk of cell fusion revealed expression of H-2(k) and I-J(k) gene products as well as H-2(b) antigens. Sonicates prepared from hybridomas which contained I-J(k) cells were tested for suppressive activity in vivo in irradiated mice given HGG-primed cells, dinitrophenyl (DNP)-primed cells, HGG-DNP, and horse erythrocytes. Among 18 such hybridoma lines, 6 showed specific suppressive activity, 5 nonspecific suppression, and 7 no suppression. Most lines progressively lost, with time, those properties derived from the normal parent cell. By about 3 mo after fusion few cells expressed CBA markers and only one cell line (number 77) retained some specific suppressive activity. In parallel with the losses was an alteration in chromosome number from near-tetraploid, soon after cell fusion, to near- diploid. Preliminary results with the T lymphoma-sensitive hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine cell line, L5178, indicate retention of the expression of surface markers derived from the normal parent for 18 wk after hybidization. This suggests that T lymphoma cell lines may have to be screened for their capacity to produce hybridomas with stable properties.
Chondrocalcinosis Simulating Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Lawrence F. Layfer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CHONDROCALCINOSIS has been called the "great imposter"<sup>1</sup>of rheumatic diseases, causing clinicians to misinterpret its multiple presentations as gout, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and traumatic and neuropathic joint disease.<sup>2</sup>We saw a patient with diffuse chondrocalcinosis of peripheral joints and calcification of intervertebral disks simulating ankylosing spondylitis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 65-year-old woman was seen with a 20-year history of thoracolumbar backache gradually ascending to her neck, associated spinal deformity, and a 10-cm loss of height. She found it difficult to straighten her spine, and motion was accompanied by pain. Earlier, she had experienced a series of episodic painful swellings of her wrists and knees, lasting weeks to months. A left patellectomy had not been helpful, and at present, the knee was chronically painful and deformed. There was no history of venereal disease, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel disease. Her father and one sister had also been incapacitated by
Amphipathic segment of the nicotinic receptor alpha subunit contains epitopes recognized by T lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis.
Authors: R Hohlfeld, K V Toyka, L L Miner, S L Walgrave, B M Conti-Tronconi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Autoimmune helper T lymphocytes were selected from the blood of two myasthenic patients of different HLA-DR type, using acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from Torpedo californica. These polyclonal T cell lines were tested for reactivity with three synthetic peptides corresponding to the NH2-terminal region of the human AChR alpha subunit. This segment is a good candidate for T cell epitopes since it has a propensity to form an amphipathic alpha helix. The peptides elicited 10-30% of the response induced by native Torpedo AChR. Different peptides were recognized by the autoreactive T cells of the two patients. These results suggest that the NH2-terminal region of the AChR alpha chain contains T cell-stimulating epitopes, and that the T cell autoimmune response in myasthenia gravis, like the B cell response, is heterogeneous.
High Court judge over-rules GMC decision not to proceed against GP
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A GP caught up in a newspaper “sting” over sick notes faces a new disciplinary hearing before the General Medical Council. A high court judge ruled last week that a GMC fitness to practise panel was wrong to stop an earlier hearing going ahead. 

The case breaks new ground in establishing that the Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence, the watchdog on the regulation of health professionals, has the power to challenge decisions to stay proceedings against doctors accused of wrongdoing, not just acquittals and lenient penalties. 

The fitness to practise panel imposed a stay last January on disciplinary proceedings against Gurpinder Saluja, from Walthamstow, east London, after ruling he had been “pressurised” by …
Crisis in General Practice
Authors: Matthew Cushing
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The communication, "The Crisis in General Practice: A Grass-Roots Reaction," by Dr. G. R. Foster, Jr., in the March 14 issue ofThe Journal(<b>187</b>:797), stirs a grassroots reaction from this quarter. Dr. Foster's implication that, by its nature, medical specialization leads to waste of the patient's money through unnecessary investigations (p 800, first paragraph), is astounding, if true, and certainly needs substantiation. There are many potentially remediable or at least treatable conditions discoverable by periodic and careful examinations by trained specialists. Early treatment of conditions revealed by special examinations may spare the patient literally thousands of dollars in care at a later time. It is true, of course, that the costs of medical care are rising. Directcurrent defibrillators, body plethysmographs, cardiac monitors, heartlung machines, image intensifiers, well-counters, and hyperbaric chambers cost money. But, can anyone estimate how much a salvaged life is worth? There is
Codon 12 Harvey-ras mutations are rare events in non-melanoma human skin cancer
Authors: C. CAMPBELL, A.G. QUINN, J.L. REES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

ras mutations have been reported as an early event in some human malignancies and in the mouse skin model of multistep carcinogenesis; early studies in human non-melanoma skin cancers have reported variable rates of ras mutations. A recent study, however, has reported a high frequency of activating mutations of the Harvey-ras proto-oncogene in non-melanoma skin cancers, and the site specificity of the mutation at the second position of codon 12 prompted us to re-examine the importance of Ha-ras codon 12 mutations as an early event in the development of these tumours, using a combination of PCR and restriction fragment polymorphism of codon 12 of the Ha-ras gene. Dilution experiments confirmed that the method was sensitive and capable of detecting mutations at this codon when only 4% of the total alleles are mutated. We were surprised to find no mutations in the 40 basal cell carcinomas. 12 squamous cell carcinomas and 12 cases of Bowen's disease studied. We conclude that Ha-ras codon 12 mutations are rare events in human non-melanoma skin cancer in the U.K. The marked differences in the frequency of codon 12 Ha-ras mutations in published studies may relate to either technical artefacts, or differences in the molecular epidemiology between areas of low and high sun exposure.
Spontaneous Fistula Between a Right Common Iliac Artery and Iliac Vein
Authors: Pedro A. Rubio
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to Dr Dean D. Richards<sup>1</sup>recent article concerning the spontaneous rupture of an iliac artery aneurysm into the underlying iliac vein. Although Dr Richards claims that his case represents the first recorded instance of a spontaneous fistula involving an iliac artery aneurysm, Dr George C. Morris, Jr, and I reported a similar case<sup>2</sup>approximately four years ago.
Unusual Lymph Node Metastases of Prostate Cancer Detected by 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: JB Pinaquy, JB Allard, F Cornelis, G Pasticier, H De Clermont
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 65-year-old patient with prostate adenocarcinoma was explored by 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT for pretreatment staging because of a high risk of prostate cancer. Images showed multiple foci with increased uptake of 18F-FCH within some pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, osseous foci (iliac bones and sacrum), and much more unusual, increased uptake foci within some left supraclavicular and left axillary lymph nodes. Owing to the rarity of spread to supraclavicular lymph nodes, surgical removal was performed and revealed prostate cancer metastases.
(43) Gunther's disease (congenital erythropoietic porphyria)
Authors: C.I. Harrington
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article (43) Gunther's disease (congenital erythropoietic porphyria) Get access C.I. Harrington, Dr C.I. Harrington, Dr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s30, 1 July 1986, Pages 87–88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb07738.x Published: 01 July 1986
Lack of red hair phenotype in a North‐African obese child homozygous for a novel <i>POMC</i> null mutation: nonsense‐mediated decay RNA evaluation and hair pigment chemical analysis
Authors: G. Cirillo, R. Marini, S. Ito, K. Wakamatsu, S. Scianguetta, C. Bizzarri, A. Romano, A. Grandone, L. Perrone, M. Cappa, E. Miraglia del Giudice
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene is expressed in the hypothalamus, in the pituitary gland and in many peripheral tissues including the skin. It undergoes tissue‐specific post‐translational processing to yield a range of biologically active peptides1 producing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), β‐endorphin, and α‐, β‐ and γ‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (MSH), which interact with different melanocortin receptors (MCRs) and are involved in a wide range of processes including the regulation of body weight (MC3R and MC4R), adrenal steroidogenesis (MC2R) and hair pigmentation (MC1R). In fact, both in mice2 and humans3 inactivating POMC gene mutations result in obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red coat or hair. Among the melanocortin peptides, α‐MSH binds to MC1R, expressed on the cell surface of melanocytes, inducing the activation of the melanin biosynthesis pathway. The diverse patterns of mammalian coat colour are determined by the quantity and distribution of two types of pigment: eumelanin (black to brown) and phaeomelanin (yellow to red).4
Long term results of liver transplantation for Wilson’s disease: Experience in France
Authors: Olivier Guillaud, Jérôme Dumortier, Rodolphe Sobesky, Dominique Debray, Philippe Wolf, Claire Vanlemmens, François Durand, Yvon Calmus, Christophe Duvoux, Sébastien Dharancy, Nassim Kamar, Karim Boudjema, Pierre Henri Bernard, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Ephrem Salamé, Jean Gugenheim, Alain Lachaux, Dalila Habes, Sylvie Radenne, Jean Hardwigsen, Olivier Chazouillères, Jean-Marc Trocello, France Woimant, Philippe Ichai, Sophie Branchereau, Olivier Soubrane, Denis Castaing, Emmanuel Jacquemin, Didier Samuel, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Affective Correlates of Occupational Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration
Authors: C. Abbate, E. Micali, C. Giorgianni, F. Munaò, R. Brecciaroli, L. Salmaso, D. Germanò
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

Exposure to whole-body vibrations (WBV) represents a highly diffuse occupational risk. Some studies report that chronic exposure to WBV induces a significant increment in the modifications of the cognitive and emotional area. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of WBV exposure on the neuropsychic and behavioural system.The study population consisted of 137 male subjects, mean age 45.7 years, working as drivers of mechanical trolleys and occupationally exposed to WBV of a frequency below 2 m/s2. The Profile of Mood States was administered to all subjects in a maximum time of 10 min and in the same operative conditions. The results were compared with those of a homogeneous control group by means of an innovative statistical technique.The results show a significant difference in the response to the neurobehavioural test. The exposed group showed, in fact, a higher score compared with the controls for all 6 factors. In particular, the scores for factors F (fatigue-inertia), D (depression-dejection) and T (tension-anxiety) were more elevated, expressing a significant alteration of the psycho-affective status. Moreover, statistical analysis showed a correlation between exposure time and the score obtained for all factors in the exposed group.This study indicates that occupational exposure to WBV is associated with alterations of mood status and that these modifications are directly proportional to exposure time. Furthermore, our results show that psychological tests commonly used in psychopathologic diagnostics can be useful in monitoring alterations of psycho-emotional status determined by physical stressors.
[368] USE OF G-CSF DURING ACUTE ON CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE: CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL SAFETY PROFILE
Authors: M. Novi, M.A. Zocco, C. Di Campli, G. Di Gioacchino, S. Rutella, E. Rinninella, M.E. Ainora, G. Leone, G. Gasbarrini, G.L. Rapaccini, P. Pola, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Olympic Participation by Women
Authors: Ekaterina Zaharieva
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Participation in the Olympic Games has had no harmful effect on the birth functions of women. Among the married female Olympic participants, 94% are mothers. Most of them (66%) have given birth since first participating in the Games. Pregnancy was normal in 70.4% of all cases. Mild complaints were noted in the remaining cases. After childbirth, more Olympic participants and other masters of sport have equaled or even improved on the performance achieved before pregnancy than have other first-rate athletes.