tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk for Developing Tuberculosis among Anergic Patients Infected with HIV
Authors: Santiago Moreno
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To assess the risk for development of tuberculosis among anergic patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: All HIV-infected patients who had a baseline positive protein purified derivative test (PPD) and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests. Measurements: Development of active tuberculosis. Results: Of 374 patients, 108 (29%) had positive results of PPD tests, 154 (41%) had negative results of PPD tests but no skin anergy, and 112 (30%) were anergic. Conversion of the PPD to positive was observed in 10 of 67 (15%) patients with previously negative results of PPD tests and no anergy and in 3 of 36 (8%) anergic patients who were retested during the follow-up period (mean, 26 months). The risk for active tuberculosis to develop in patients not receiving isoniazid chemoprophylaxis was similar in patients with a positive PPD test result (10.4 cases per 100 person-years) and in anergic patients (12.4 cases per 100 person-years) and higher in both groups than in nonanergic patients with a negative PPD test result (5.4 cases per 100 person-years). Tuberculosis was more frequent among intravenous drug abusers with no previous isoniazid treatment (63 of 290, 22%) than among homosexual men (0 of 29) or patients in other HIV transmission categories (0 of 31). Preventive therapy with isoniazid reduced tuberculosis development (4% as compared with 31%; P = 0.008). Among 15 anergic patients who had CD4 counts measured within 3 months of tuberculosis development, only 1 (7%) had more than 500 CD4 cells/mm3. Conclusions: Anergic HIV-infected patients are at high risk for development of tuberculosis. Anergic HIV-infected patients, in addition to HIV-infected patients with positive results of PPD tests, should be offered preventive therapy if they live in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis, at least when the CD4 count decreases to less than 500 CD4 cells/mm3.
Serum α-L-fucosidase activity and tumor size in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hirofumi Takahashi, Toshiji Saibara, Shinichi Iwamura, Akira Tomita, Takashi Maeda, Saburo Onishi, Yasutake Yamamoto, Hideaki Enzan
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The serum level of alpha-L-fucosidase activity has been suggested as a useful marker in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, although the precise mechanism behind the elevation of this parameter has not been determined. We found that the serum alpha-L-fucosidase activity level was significantly higher in 67 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (695.1 +/- 245.5 nmol/ml/hr) than in 47 patients with cirrhosis (389.1 +/- 188.2 nmol/ml/hr; p < 0.001) and in 54 controls (202.0 +/- 104.6 nmol/ml/hr; p < 0.001). However, alpha-L-fucosidase activity was not correlated with tumor size (r = 0.134), whereas the alpha-fetoprotein level was correlated with tumor size (r = 0.580, p < 0.001). When 515.8 nmol/ml/hr was taken as the cutoff value (mean value in the controls plus 3 standard deviations), alpha-L-fucosidase activity was above the cutoff value in 12 of the 17 patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma less than 2 cm in diameter, in 28 of the 37 patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma less than 3 cm in diameter and in 52 of the 67 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, only 10 of the 47 patients with cirrhosis had levels above the cutoff value. These findings suggest that an increase in serum alpha-L-fucosidase activity in patients with cirrhosis may be a marker for detecting a hepatocellular carcinoma, especially a small tumor, because alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin are less promising as tumor markers.
SKI TRAINING FOR AMPUTEES
Authors: Jolanta Majewska
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

Rehabilitation by sport is of importance in regard to champions and also to the every-day life of ill and crippled people. The value of sport, on the one hand, as a part of the rehabilitation of amputees and, on the other hand, in satisfying the need for movement in the blind has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, thorough study is required to improve training methods and to enable the disabled to practice the particular sport events. Skiing is of special importance in the rehabilitation of disabled people. In 1956 the first ski courses for amputees were organized in Poland and showed that those who had undergone a limb amputation are able to practice this event in rehabilitation.
Primary Progressive Aphasia — A Language-Based Dementia
Authors: M.-Marsel Mesulam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Primary progressive aphasia is an atypical dementia in which language abilities deteriorate while memory is relatively preserved. For many years, the principal signs and symptoms may be confined to the area of language. Patients may come to medical attention because of the onset of word-finding difficulties, abnormal speech patterns, or prominent errors in spelling. Neuropsychological testing can help establish the correct diagnosis.
Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis but do not determine disease response to acitretin
Authors: E. Campalani, M.H. Allen, D. Fairhurst, H.S. Young, C.O. Mendonca, A.D. Burden, C.E.M. Griffiths, M.A. Crook, J.N.W.N. Barker, C.H. Smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Psoriasis is associated with abnormal plasma lipid metabolism and a high frequency of cardiovascular events. Increased lipid levels are also seen in patients with psoriasis treated with acitretin. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) variants have been linked to hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia in normal individuals. Two coding single nucleotide polymorphisms at +3937 and +4075 define the three common ApoE alleles e2, e3 and e4. Objectives To test the hypothesis that particular ApoE polymorphism(s) are associated with psoriasis and that specific ApoE allelic variant(s) may be a marker for predicting disease response to acitretin. Methods DNA was genotyped for ApoE polymorphisms using a radioactive hybridization technique in cohorts of patients with psoriasis, including patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP, n = 212), guttate psoriasis (GP, n = 94), palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP, n = 101), controls (n = 137), acitretin responders (n =106) and acitretin nonresponders (n = 84). Results The frequency of the e4 allele (+3937C/+4075C) was significantly higher in patients with CPP and GP than in controls (P = 0·008 and P = 0·02, respectively). There was no significant difference in allele frequencies between patients with PPP and controls. Allelic distribution was similar in acitretin responders and nonresponders. Conclusions These data demonstrate an association between the Apo e4 allele and CPP and GP, suggesting a possible pathogenic role for ApoE in psoriasis. Our results do not support a link between disease response to acitretin and the e2, e3 or e4 allelic variants of ApoE.
What is to be done with the XYY fetus.
Authors: S Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

severe, even fatal, pelvic actinomycosis can develop in association with usage of the IUCD.3Further investigation and follow-up of asymptomatic patients with actinomycespositive smears may provide some answers concerning the role of anaerobic bacteria in the pathogenesis of pelvic inflammation.Studies with these aims are being conducted in centres in the United Kingdom and the United States.
Disseminated candidiasis: evidence of a distinctive syndrome in heroin abusers.
Authors: P J Collignon, T C Sorrell
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Seven young men developed similar manifestations of disseminated candidiasis after a single episode of intravenous heroin abuse. Sequential development of lesions of the eye, skin, and bone or costal cartilage was noted within 10 days after injection. Skin lesions were confined to the scalp and other hair bearing areas. Candida albicans was cultured readily from affected skin and costal cartilage. Histological examination of scalp biopsy specimens showed infiltration of hair follicles with chronic inflammatory cells and C albicans. Pseudohyphas of C albicans were also identified in and around hair shafts. The skin, skeletal, and small eye lesions resolved on systemic treatment with 1 g amphotericin B plus flucytosine. Pars plana vitrectomy plus local instillation of amphotericin B cured progressive chorioretinitis. These features may represent a distinctive syndrome of disseminated candidiasis in heroin abusers. Systemic antifungal treatment is curative in most cases.
Advance Medical Planning
Authors: H. Phelps Potter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 June 1996Advance Medical PlanningH. Phelps Potter Jr., MDH. Phelps Potter Jr., MDPaoli Memorial Hospital; Paoli, PA 19301Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Gillick's argument for broader advance medical planning correctly states that part of the problem is poor physician–patient communication, especially among geriatric patients with hearing or mentation deficits. Dr. Gillick further reminds us that the presence of a family member during an office visit can be, but is not always, helpful [1]. Two other inexpensive communication techniques can improve patient understanding and promote more informed advance planning decisions.First, patients can make their own audiotapes of important physician visits that can be replayed later, under more relaxed conditions, while advance planning matters are being discussed with family ...REFERENCE1. Gillick MG. A broader role for advance medical planning. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:621-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Paoli Memorial Hospital; Paoli, PA 19301 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1996Volume 124, Issue 11Page: 1017KeywordsAllergy and immunologyElectronic medical recordsGeriatricsHearing Issue Published: 1 June 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Atypical Blast Crisis in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Neil R. Korostoff
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE TERMINAL event of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) being transformed into a phase indistinguishable from acute leukemia is well recognized. In most instances, there is one preponderant morphological cell type, which usually closely resembles that of acute myelogenous leukemia.<sup>1</sup>Recent studies indicate that a diverse morphological picture may be present in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with clinically and often cytogenetically documented CML in blast crisis; the preponderant cells may be erythroblastic (rubriblastic), megakaryoblastic, lymphoblastic, promyelocytic, or undifferentiated.<sup>2-4</sup>This report describes a patient with a diagnosis of CML lasting ten years and terminating with a distinctly heterogeneous blastic transformation, in which myeloblasts, erythroblasts, megakaryoblasts, and undifferentiated blast cells were seen in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. These findings, which were obtained by light and electron microscopic techniques, further support the concept that all hematopoietic elements originate from a common pluripotential stem cell. <h3>Report of</h3>
1130 Pharmacological inhibition of acid ceramidase selectively sensitizes human liver tumor cells to anti-cancer drugs
Authors: A MORALES, R PARIS, J FERNANDEZCHECA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Sphingomyelin signal transduction pathway regulates cell cycle through a number of lipid second messengers, which stimulate cell proliferation (sphingosine-1-phosphate), initiate growth arrest or induce apoptosis (sphingosine, ceramide). To asses the functioning of sphingomyelin pathway during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rat (PH) we measured the content of sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide (CER), sphingosine (SPH), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the activity of neutral Mg2+-dependent and acidic sphingomyelinases and ceramidases, in the remnant liver lobes during the first 24 h after PH in rat. The activity of acidic ceramidase was highest at 4th hour after PH, whereas the activity of neutral ceramidases peaked at 12th hour after the operation. At these time points the activity Mg2+-dependent sphingomyelinase was also elevated, together with the content of SPH, S1P and the ratio of S1P to CER. The activity of acidic sphingomyelinase increased gradually from 4th to 24th hour after the operation. This was accompanied by significant increase in the content of ceramide between 4th and 24th hour and reduction in the content of S1P and S1P to CER ratio. It is concluded that partial hepatectomy induces production of the pro-mitogenic intermediates of sphingomyelin signaling pathway during the first 12 h of liver regeneration in rat.
POSTVACCINAL CUTANEOUS REACTIONS
Authors: H. J. Templeton
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Mrs. C. W., aged 22, never previously vaccinated, was vaccinated during December, 1922, by her mother, a nurse in my employ. This was without my knowledge. The second day thereafter the patient applied to me to have a number of moles removed from her face and neck for cosmetic reasons. Eight or ten of these were easily removed at the first sitting by means of fulguration. Two days later the patient came to me complaining that all of the areas that had been fulgurated itched and burned. The next day all these areas showed small papules. This led me to make a further investigation, in which I found that the vaccination which her mother had performed was taking nicely. Not only the original scarified area on the arm but also the fulgurated moles "took" at the same time. They all passed through the stages characteristic of a successful vaccination. By
Comment: The Other Urinary Tract Cancer
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Cancer of the ureter is rarely thought of when a patient is seen with one or a combination of the following: hematuria, back pain, or palpable abdominal mass. Most often, he is a man in the sixth decade of life, complaining of painless hematuria, although pain due to passage of clots can occur. Obstruction with hydronephrosis is an invariable complication, and produces a dull, aching back pain in the region of the kidney, but as the cancer infiltrates beyond the ureter, the pain becomes more localized and intense. Nodal metastases may result in spread beyond the capsule of the lymph gland into the lumbar vertebrae and nerve roots, causing severe, persistent, lacerating pain. The diagnosis of primary ureteral cancer is made preoperatively in only 50% of the patients,<sup>23</sup>since the ureter is more commonly involved secondarily by extrinsic neoplasms. The pyelogram is not characteristic and shows obstruction of the
Rapid ex vivo protocol for efficient and stable gene transfer in the liver via hepatocyte transduction by flap lentiviral vectors
Authors: C. Giannini, S. Morosan, J.G. Tralhao, J.E. Guidotti, S. Battaglia, K. Mollier, L. Hannoun, D. Kremsdorf, P. Charneau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Monitoring of gene knockouts: genome-wide profiling of conditionally essential genes
Authors: Lisa K Smith, Maria J Gomez, Konstantin Y Shatalin, Hyunwoo Lee, Alexander A Neyfakh
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract We have developed a new microarray-based genetic technique, named MGK (Monitoring of Gene Knockouts), for genome-wide identification of conditionally essential genes. MGK identified bacterial genes that are critical for fitness in the absence of aromatic amino acids, and was further applied to identify genes whose inactivation causes bacterial cell death upon exposure to the bacteriostatic antibiotic chloramphenicol. Our findings suggest that MGK can serve as a robust tool in functional genomics studies.
Plastic Surgery
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE essence of plastic surgery is the transplantation of tissue. Skin is the one most commonly transplanted. It is therefore proposed to review the development of the methods of skin transplantation that have led to some of the modern principles on which the present management of plastic surgical problems is based. In any young surgical specialty much emphasis is placed on methods and technics, which, as they improve and are standardized, pave the way for the formulation of basic principles that apply in the broadest sense. Many of these principles bear directly on all phases of reconstructive surgery, but particularly . . .
Effects of Preoperative Aortic Insufficiency on Outcome After Aortic Valve–Sparing Surgery
Authors: Laurent de Kerchove, Munir Boodhwani, David Glineur, Alain Poncelet, Robert Verhelst, Parla Astarci, Valérie Lacroix, Jean Rubay, Michel Vandyck, Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde, Philippe Noirhomme, Gebrine El Khoury
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The presence of significant preoperative aortic insufficiency (AI) or the need for cusp repair has been suggested as a risk factor for poorer outcomes after aortic valve (AV)-sparing surgery. We analyzed the influence of these factors on the mid-term outcomes of AV surgery.Between 1996 and 2008, 164 consecutive patients underwent elective AV-sparing surgery. Severe preoperative AI (grade > or =3+) was present in 93 patients (57%), and 54 (33%) had a bicuspid valve. Root repair was performed with either the reimplantation (74%) or the remodeling (26%) technique, and cusp repair was performed in 90 patients (55%). Mean clinical follow-up was 57 months. Hospital mortality was 0.6%. Cusp repair was required in 52% of the patients with preoperative AI < or =2+ and in 57% of those with AI > or =3+ (P=0.6). Cusp repair was required more frequently in bicuspid versus tricuspid valves (91% versus 38%, P<0.001). Overall survival at 8 years was 88+/-8%. Freedom from AV reoperation at 8 years was similar with preoperative AI < or =2+ versus preoperative AI > or =3+ (89+/-11% versus 90+/-7%, P=0.7) and with versus without cusp repair (84+/-17% versus 92+/-8%, P=0.5). Freedom from recurrent AI (grade > or =3+) at 5 years was also similar between groups (90+/-10% versus 89+/-8%, P=0.9, and 90+/-8% versus 89+/-9%, P=0.8, respectively). By multivariate analyses, predictors of recurrent AI > or =2+ were preoperative left ventricle end-diastolic diameter and AI >1+ on discharge echocardiography.With a systematic approach to cusp assessment and repair, AV-sparing surgery for root pathology has an acceptable mid-term outcome, irrespective of preoperative AI or need for cusp repair.
Immunogenicity of 2 Doses of HPV Vaccine in Younger Adolescents vs 3 Doses in Young Women
Authors: Simon R. M. Dobson, Shelly McNeil, Marc Dionne, Meena Dawar, Gina Ogilvie, Mel Krajden, Chantal Sauvageau, David W. Scheifele, Tobias R. Kollmann, Scott A. Halperin, Joanne M. Langley, Julie A. Bettinger, Joel Singer, Deborah Money, Dianne Miller, Monika Naus, Fawziah Marra, Eric Young
Journal: JAMA (2013)

CANCER ISthe second most common cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women. 1 Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been identified as a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer, with HPV genotypes 16 and 18 accounting for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases.Prevention of cervical cancer using either the bivalent (HPV-16 and HPV-18) or quadrivalent (HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and HPV-18) vaccine is the goal of immu-
Dispersal of skin microorganisms
Authors: W.C. Noble
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article Dispersal of skin microorganisms Get access W.C. Noble W.C. Noble Department of Bacteriology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Homerton Grove, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 93, Issue 4, 1 October 1975, Pages 477–485, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06527.x Published: 01 October 1975
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: I. Donald Stuard, Robert S. Heusinkveld, Arthur J. Moss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THE clinical complications and sequelae of primary pulmonary hypertension have been well documented,1 , 2 and thrombocytopenia has recently been described in this condition.3 The purpose of this report is to describe the occurrence of microangiopathic hernolysis and thrombocytopenia in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension and to suggest that the large numbers of plexiform lesions in the pulmonary circulation initiated the intravascular destruction of erythrocytes and platelets.Case ReportA 19-year-old college student (S.M.H. 76–87–19) noted exertional dyspnea and substernal pain, relieved by rest, of 4 months' duration. He was admitted to the hospital because of the sudden onset of exertional . . .
Abstract 2203: Integrative analysis for efficient candidate oncogene discovery in cancer cell lines
Authors: Andrew J. Yee, Ben S. Wittner, Jeff Gentry, Crystal Mahoney, Kaitlin McCutcheon, Anurag Singh, Patricia Greninger, Xiao-Jun Ma, Mark G. Erlander, Sreenath V. Sharma, Daniel A. Haber, Toshi Shioda, Jeffrey Settleman, Sridhar Ramaswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A fundamental challenge in cancer genomics is to efficiently identify biologically relevant candidate oncogenes from the large amount of molecular information generated in human cancer studies from various high throughput modalities. METHODS. We developed the DELTA (Difference in Expression Lined to Amplification) measurement to systematically identify candidate oncogenes in human cancer cell lines. We applied this metric to a large, diverse collection of 365 cancer cell lines densely profiled at both the expression and genomic level using the Affymetrix U133X3P and 500K Mapping arrays. RESULTS. We first identified recurrent cancer-driving amplification events using a GISTIC-inspired approach. This algorithmic analysis revealed 170 amplicons across 18 different cancer types. The majority of these recurrent amplicons do not contain known oncogenes. We then used the DELTA metric to further prioritize candidate oncogenes within these recurrent amplicons. Systematic shRNA knock down of these candidates was then used to identify SOX2 and S100A8 as candidate oncogenes in esophageal and lung cancer cell lines, respectively. CONCLUSION. Differential gene expression analysis with the DELTA metric may be useful for the functional analysis of recurrent genomic amplicons across human cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2203.