tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Youth Doctors
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

"The middling, garden variety of researcher or doctor has shunned... the field of rejuvenation," observes the author of this book. Having ploughed through its cliché-riddled, overheated prose for more than 300 pages, a middling, garden variety reviewer can understand why. The author, a former<i>Newsweek</i>writer, spent two years investigaing the "great youth doctors and their celebrated patients." Enthusiastic about what he learned, he predicts that the "rejuvenation art... is slowly becoming a science that will revolutionize clinical medicine" and believes that soon "every American family will have its own rejuvenator or youth doctor, just as it has its own dentist and pediatrician." By "rejuvenation," the author means "living better longer." Who are the "fools and heros" who promise and promote this worthy end? Their names are legion; some, like Paul Niehans, are legendary. They include cell therapists, skin peelers, electronic gadgeteers, hair transplanters, royal jelly vendors, food faddists.
Late-Night Admissions: Resident Education and Sleep Patterns
Authors: Tracy Lieu
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oxidized low density lipoproteins potentiate vasoconstrictions to various agonists by direct interaction with vascular smooth muscle.
Authors: J Galle, E Bassenge, R Busse
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

In hypercholesterolemia, low density lipoproteins (LDLs) may be oxidized by monocytes/macrophages in the arterial wall. Therefore, we investigated the effect of LDL and its oxidative derivatives (ox-LDL) on vascular tone in isolated perfused rabbit femoral arteries. Perfusion of endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded segments with ox-LDL (80 micrograms protein/ml) caused no or only weak vasoconstrictions in the absence of contractile agonists. However, in the presence of ox-LDL, vasoconstrictions to threshold concentrations of norepinephrine, serotonin, phenylephrine, or potassium were significantly enhanced. This enhancement correlated with the degree of oxidation. When ox-LDL was administered at higher concentrations (greater than 200 micrograms protein/ml), it evoked moderate vasoconstrictions even in the absence of contractile agonists. Native LDL had no effect on vascular tone. Preincubation with verapamil, diltiazem, and nitrendipine inhibited vasoconstrictions evoked by ox-LDL, both in the presence and in the absence of a contractile agonist. The contractile responses to ox-LDL were significantly greater in endothelium-denuded segments than in endothelium-intact segments. At the above concentrations, ox-LDL had no influence on endothelium-derived relaxing factor-mediated vasodilations. These data indicate that ox-LDL enhances agonist-induced vasoconstrictions by a direct effect on the vascular smooth muscle. We therefore suggest that ox-LDL is an important factor that may increase the risk of inappropriate vasoconstriction in hypercholesterolemia, independent of its putative cytotoxic effect on the endothelium.
Splenic artery aneurysm masquerading as a pancreatic tumor - diagnosis by contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: T. Ogura, D. Masuda, Y. Kurisu, H. Ohama, A. Imoto, M. Takii, T. Takeuchi, T. Inoue, S. Tokioka, E. Umegaki, K. Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Splenic artery aneurysm is a relatively rare condition [1]; techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scanning and angiography are useful for its diagnosis [2]. However, diagnosis is challenging in the case of thrombosed aneurysms [3]. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors because it enables assessment of tumor blood flow [4]. We herein report a case of a splenic artery aneurysm that was masquerading as a pancreatic tumor and was diagnosed by contrast-enhanced EUS.
Revised DTP Immunization Advisory in 1991
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

PHYSICIANS may have more latitude in deciding whether to continue immunizing infants with the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP) vaccine in the face of adverse effects. The Immunization Practices Advisory Committee of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Ga, is expected to eliminate three heretofore absolute contraindications to additional doses of DTP: convulsions with or without fever occurring within 3 days of immunization, a persistent, high-pitched cry within 48 hours of vaccination, and inconsolable crying that lasts for 3 hours or more. All would be placed in a new category called "precautions." Four reactions would continue to be listed as absolute contraindications: immediate anaphylactic reaction, a temperature of 40.5°C or higher within 48 hours of vaccination, a hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode within 48 hours of vaccination, and encephalopathy within 7 days of vaccination. The revised recommendations are in the final draft and are expected to be issued next year,
Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is more effective than dexamethasone alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma regardless of prior thalidomide exposure
Authors: Michael Wang, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Christine Chen, M. Teresa Cibeira, Michel Attal, Andrew Spencer, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Zhinuan Yu, Marta Olesnyckyj, Jerome B. Zeldis, Robert D. Knight, Donna M. Weber
Journal: Blood (2008)
Simultaneous Bilateral Facial Palsy in a Diabetic Patient
Authors: Alexander Kamaratos, Stelios Kokkoris, John Protopsaltis, Dimitrios Agorgianitis, Haris Koumpoulis, John Lentzas, Andreas Melidonis, Gregory Giannoulis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Unilateral facial paralysis is a relatively common condition with an incidence of 20–25 per 100,000 population. However, simultaneous bilateral facial palsy (facial diplegia) is an extremely rare clinical entity and occurs in 0.3–2% of facial paralysis patients (1). The annual incidence is approximately 1 per 5 million (2).

A 78-year-old diabetic patient presented to the emergency room of our hospital with dysarthry and bilateral symmetrical facial weakness. He was unable to show his teeth, close his eyelids, or dilate his cheeks. From the neurologic examination, there were no other important findings, except for a minor instability during walking. The patient did not refer head injury or febrile viral infection in the recent past. We made the presumptive diagnosis of bilateral peripheral facial paralysis. Five weeks after his admission to our hospital, he made a full recovery. We have …
REAPPEARANCE OF CHICKENPOX LESIONS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN-ANTITOXIN
Authors: William M. Donald
Journal: JAMA (1931)

R. R., a boy, aged 5 years, was admitted to the Protestant Orphan Asylum, Jan. 19, 1931, with the typical red scars of a recent chickenpox. About Dec. 25, 1930, he broke out with a rash which was diagnosed chickenpox by a local health officer, who placarded the house.  January 20, he received the first immunizing dose of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin in the gluteal region. January 27, he received the second injection in the same area. January 28, he developed typical lesions of chickenpox over the lower part of the back, both hips, and the posterior surface of both thighs.  February 3, he received the third injection. No more chickenpox lesions developed following this injection.  February 9, all the crusts had desquamated and only the discoloration of the lesions remained.  COMMENT  The reappearance of the reaction at the site of the previous Dick test coincident with the appearance of measles rash
PSYCHODYNAMICS OF CONFINEMENT OF WARTIME MILITARY OFFENDERS
Authors: JOSEPH C. SOLOMON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

The psychodynamics of confinement of wartime military prisoners was discussed. The constructive and destructive factors affecting the men were mentioned. The abandonment of diagnostic labels has enabled the psychiatrists to look upon the military offenders from the point of view of dynamic formulations which are capable of change as the situation demands. Finally, some suggestions were offered for therapy and for preparing the prisoners for restoration to duty.
Losing Weight — An Ill-Fated New Year's Resolution
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer, Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Today, at the start of the new year, millions of Americans will resolve to lose weight, but by tomorrow, or next week, or maybe next month, most of them will have given up trying. Few will have lost weight, and even fewer will sustain the loss. Still, at any given time of the year, an astonishing 15 to 35 percent of Americans are trying to lose weight.15 They buy low-calorie and low-fat foods, deny themselves desserts, drink only artificially sweetened beverages, join commercial weight-loss clubs (and buy their special and especially expensive prepared meals), visit “fat farms,” take diet . . .
Omalizumab decreased IgE‐release and induced changes in cellular immunity in patients with allergic asthma
Authors: G. Hanf, I. Brachmann, J. Kleine‐Tebbe, J. Seybold, G. Kunkel, N. Suttorp, O. Noga
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Omalizumab, a recombinant monoclonal anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, shows proven efficacy in the treatment of allergic diseases. A little is known about the immunological pathways affected by the decrease of circulating free IgE during omalizumab treatment. Aim of the study: To investigate the immunological consequence of IgE withdrawal, we studied the influence of omalizumab on stimulated IgE‐release of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and on the relative number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood (cellular immune status) in patients with allergic asthma. Methods: Nineteen patients were enrolled and received omalizumab at a dose of at least 0.016 mg/kg/IgE (IU/ml) every 4 weeks. PBMC were isolated from peripheral blood. Cells were cultured and stimulated with IL‐4 (5 ng/ml) and CD40 ligand (1 μ g/ml) for 10 days. IgE release was detected in cell culture supernatants by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cellular immune status was investigated by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Results: Omalizumab treatment induced significant inhibition of stimulated IgE release (median 1.38–0 ng/ml vs. 1.64–2.0 ng/ml in placebo group, P &lt; 0.05). B‐lymphocyte counts were also significantly lower in the omalizumab group compared with placebo after 12 weeks of treatment (median 18.2–15.6% lymphocytes vs 12.7–13.7% lymphocytes after placebo, P &lt; 0.01). There were no significant differences in the other lymphocyte subpopulations between the groups. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence of immunological influences of omalizumab treatment, leading to a downregulation of IgE secretion and decrease of lymphocyte subpopulations (B‐cells) indicating their anti‐inflammatory potency.
Rapid monitoring of reconstituted Wilms' tumor suppressor gene-specific t lymphocytes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation using quantitative real time Polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Ahmad A Ab-Khader, Stefan Krause, Ernst Holler
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) protein is over-expressed in some leukemias and various types of solid tumors, and it is considered to be an attractive target antigen for immunotherapy. After ex vivo stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 12 patients
ICAM-directed vascular immunotargeting of antithrombotic agents to the endothelial luminal surface
Authors: Juan-Carlos Murciano, Silvia Muro, Lauren Koniaris, Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou, David W. Harshaw, Steven M. Albelda, D. Neil Granger, Douglas B. Cines, Vladimir R. Muzykantov
Journal: Blood (2003)
Calcium-sensing receptor mutations in familial benign hypercalcemia and neonatal hyperparathyroidism.
Authors: S H Pearce, D Trump, C Wooding, G M Besser, S L Chew, D B Grant, D A Heath, I A Hughes, C R Paterson, M P Whyte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Familial benign hypercalcemia (FBH) and neonatal hyperparathyroidism (NHPT) are disorders of calcium homeostasis that are associated with missense mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR). We have undertaken studies to characterize such CaR mutations in FBH and NHPT and to explore methods for their more rapid detection. Nine unrelated kindreds (39 affected, 32 unaffected members) with FBH and three unrelated children with sporadic NHPT were investigated for mutations in the 3,234-bp coding region of the CaR gene by DNA sequencing. Six novel heterozygous (one nonsense and five missense) mutations were identified in six of the nine FBH kindreds, and two de novo heterozygous missense mutations and one homozygous frame-shift mutation were identified in the three children with NHPT. Our results expand the phenotypes associated with CaR mutations to include sporadic NHPT. Single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis was found to be a sensitive and specific mutational screening method that detected > 85% of these CaR gene mutations. The single-stranded conformational polymorphism identification of CaR mutations may help in the distinction of FBH from mild primary hyperparathyroidism which can be clinically difficult. Thus, the results of our study will help to supplement the clinical evaluation of some hypercalcemic patients and to elucidate further the structure-function relationships of the CaR.
The role of monocytes in serum sickness nephritis.
Authors: L G Hunsicker, T P Shearer, S B Plattner, D Weisenburger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

We have investigated the pathogenesis of glomerular hypercellularity seen in acute serum sickness nephritis induced in rabbits with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The increase in cellularity began with the first stages of immune clearance of BSA, with a peak cellularity occuring at the time of onset of proteinuria. Although there was a significant increase in the fraction of glomerular cells incorporating [3H]thymidine, first seen at the onset of proteinuria, this increase occurred too late and was too small to explain the observed rate of increase in glomerular cellularity. On the other hand, a striking monocytic infiltration of the glomeruli was documented by electron microscopy and by staining for nonspecific esterase. This monocytic infiltration paralleled the observed course of glomerular hypercellularity and was quantitatively sufficient to explain the total increase seen. It appears, therefore, that glomerular hypercellularity seen in this model is principally a result of monocyte infiltration.
Abstract A9: Pharmacological stimulation of DLL1-Notch signaling as an antitumor immunotherapy
Authors: Yuhui Huang, Luping Lin, Asel K. Biktasova, Anshu Malhotra, Anil Shanker, David P. Carbone, Mikhail M. Dikov
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Deficiencies in immune function are one of mechanisms for tumor escape from host immune surveillance, and therapies aimed at overcoming these defects are of major importance in cancer immunotherapy. However, the underlying causes of these defects are multiple and remain not fully understood. We report a previously undescribed mechanism for tumor-associated defects in T cell function mediated by reducing levels of Delta-like (DLL) 1 and DLL4 in the hematopoietic microenvironment, and show that elevated levels of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) characteristic for cancer patients is one of the mediators of this effect. Remarkably, selective activation of DLL1-Notch signaling alone by over-expression of DLL1 in bone marrow precursors or by soluble multivalent DLL1 treatment significantly enhances tumor-specific immune responses and inhibits tumor growth in multiple tumor models. The data suggest that tumor growth suppresses T cell differentiation and function via inhibition of DLL-mediated Notch signaling in the hematopoietic compartment. Our findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism of immune suppression and suggest a pharmacologic intervention based on activation of DLL1-Notch signaling to reverse this effect, stimulate immune responses and suppress tumor growth. Given that recently DLL1 was also implicated in abnormal tumor vessel formation and growth inhibition [Zhang JP, ea. Cancer Lett. 2011;309:220–227], systemic stimulation of Notch by multivalent DLL1 might represent an efficient therapeutic strategy targeting multiple mechanisms of tumor growth.
Adenomas of the large intestine after cholecystectomy.
Authors: A G Mannes, M Weinzierl, F Stellaard, C Thieme, B Wiebecke, G Paumgartner
Journal: Gut (1984)

The frequency of adenomas of the large intestine in 331 cholecystectomised patients who underwent total colonoscopy was compared with that of a control group of patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis who were matched for age and sex. Whereas no significant difference in the frequency of adenomas was found between two groups, a subgroup of patients aged 60-80 years with a postcholecystectomy interval of 10 years or greater exhibited a significantly (p less than 0.05) greater frequency of adenomas (38.5%) than matched patients with a postcholecystectomy interval of less than 10 years (21.8%) and matched controls with cholelithiasis (23.7%). This increase in the frequency of adenomas was primarily accounted for by an increase in the percentage of tubular adenomas (p less than 0.05) and corresponded to an increase in the frequency of cancer (p less than 0.05) of the large bowel.
Foreign Body Removal Via Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy
Authors: Ronald J. Klayton
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Since the introduction of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 1968 by Ikeda,<sup>1</sup>the procedure has achieved widespread popularity. Sackner has recently discussed the topic in an extensive review.<sup>2</sup>Experience in the use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for removal of foreign bodies is limited. We describe a case in which an aspirated rubber ear plug was successfully removed from the right lower lobe bronchus. A healthy 21-year-old man, a welder, was referred to the Pulmonary Medicine Clinic because of persistent coughing of 12 hours' duration. He stated that it was his habit to hold his noise-suppression ear plugs in his mouth while relaxing away from the work area and had apparently inhaled one while speaking. He had no prior history of pulmonary disease. Results of a physical examination were normal. The chest x-ray film did not disclose any infiltrates or loss of volume. Using topical anesthesia with 0.25% tetracaine
Identification of a Serpin Specifically Expressed in Multipotent and Bipotent Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and in Activated T Cells
Authors: I.N. Hampson, L. Hampson, M. Pinkoski, M. Cross, C.M. Heyworth, R.C. Bleackley, E. Atkinson, T.M. Dexter
Journal: Blood (1997)
Abstract 2302: Epigenetic activation of miR-200a targets the Nrf2-dependent chemoprevention pathway in breast cancer
Authors: Qun Zhou, Yuan Yao, Eades Gabriel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that activates the expression of cellular detoxifying enzymes. Nrf2 expression is largely regulated through Nrf2 association with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), which results in cytoplasmic Nrf2 degradation. Conversely, little is known concerning the regulation of Keap1 expression. Until now, a regulatory role for microRNAs (miRs) in controlling Keap1 gene expression had not been characterized. By using miR array-based screening, we observed miR-200a silencing in breast cancer cells and demonstrated that upon re-expression, miR-200a targets the Keap1 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) leading to Keap1 mRNA degradation. Loss of this regulatory mechanism may contribute to the dysregulation of Nrf2 activity in breast cancer. Previously, we have identified epigenetic repression of miR-200a in breast cancer cells. Here, we find that treatment with epigenetic therapy, the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), restored miR-200a expression and reduced Keap1 levels. This reduction in Keap1 levels corresponded with Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activation of Nrf2-dependent NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene transcription. Moreover, we found that Nrf2 activation inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells. Finally, our in vitro observations were confirmed in a model of carcinogen-induced mammary hyperplasia in vivo. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that miR-200a regulates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in mammary epithelium and we find that epigenetic therapy can restore miR-200a regulation of Keap1 expression, therefore re-activating the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2302. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2302
Changes in Sodium Levels in Processed and Restaurant Foods, 2005 to 2011
Authors: Michael F. Jacobson, Stephen Havas, Robert McCarter
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

IMPORTANCE Excess consumption of sodium is an important cause of hypertension, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke.The higher the level of consumption, the greater is a person's likelihood of developing hypertension.Numerous organizations have recommended reductions in sodium intake in the United States.Roughly 80% of the sodium consumed by Americans has been added by food manufacturers and restaurants.OBJECTIVE To compare the mean (SD) levels of sodium for identical products ascertained in 2005, 2008, and 2011.DESIGN AND SETTING Comparison study in an academic research setting.PARTICIPANTS AND EXPOSURES Center for Science in the Public Interest staff have monitored sodium levels in selected processed foods and fast-food restaurant foods for many years.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The sodium content in identical foods, as measured in 2005, 2008, and 2011.RESULTS Between 2005 and 2011, the sodium content in 402 processed foods declined by approximately 3.5%, while the sodium content in 78 fast-food restaurant products increased by 2.6%.Although some products showed decreases of at least 30%, a greater number of products showed increases of at least 30%.The predominant finding is the absence of any appreciable or statistically significant changes in sodium content during 6 years.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Based on our sample, reductions in sodium levels in processed and restaurant foods are inconsistent and slow.These findings are in accord with other data indicating the slow pace of voluntary reductions in sodium levels in processed and restaurant foods.Stronger action (eg, phased-in limits on sodium levels set by the federal government) is needed to lower sodium levels and reduce the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.