tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune responses in farm workers after exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis pesticides.
Authors: I L Bernstein, J A Bernstein, M Miller, S Tierzieva, D I Bernstein, Z Lummus, M K Selgrade, D L Doerfler, V L Seligy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Although health risks to pesticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been minimal, the potential allergenicity of these organisms has not been evaluated. Therefore, a health survey was conducted in farm workers before and after exposure to Bt pesticides. Farm workers who picked vegetables that required Bt pesticide spraying were evaluated before the initial spraying operation (n = 48) and 1 and 4 months after (n = 32 and 20, respectively). Two groups of low- (n = 44) and medium- (n = 34) exposure workers not directly exposed to Bt spraying were also assessed. The investigation included questionnaires, nasal/mouth lavages, ventilatory function assessment, and skin tests to indigenous aeroallergens and to a variety of Bt spore and vegetative preparations. To authenticate exposure to the organism present in the commercial preparation, isolates from lavage specimens were tested for Bt genes by DNA-DNA hybridization. Humoral immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody responses to spore and vegetative Bt extracts were assayed. There was no evidence of occupationally related respiratory symptoms. Positive skin-prick tests to several spore extracts were seen chiefly in exposed workers. In particular, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the number of positive skin tests to spore extracts 1 and 4 months after exposure to Bt spray. The number of positive skin test responses was also significantly higher in high (p < 0.05) than in low- or medium-exposure workers. The majority of nasal lavage cultures from exposed workers was positive for the commercial Bt organism, as demonstrated by specific molecular genetic probes. Specific IgE antibodies were present in more high-exposure workers (p < 0.05) than in the low and medium groups. Specific IgG antibodies occurred more in the high (p < 0.05) than in the low-exposure group. Specific IgG and IgE antibodies to vegetative organisms were present in all groups of workers. Exposure to Bt sprays may lead to allergic skin sensitization and induction of IgE and IgG antibodies, or both.
Pertussis surveillance within the French armed forces: A new system showing increased incidence among young adults (2007–2009)
Authors: Aurélie Mayet, Constance Brossier, Rachel Haus-Cheymol, Catherine Verret, Jean-Baptiste Meynard, René Migliani, Vincent Pommier de Santi, Christophe Decam, Xavier Deparis
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Abstract SY24-01: A SAGA of GCN5 and USP22 in stem cells and cancer
Authors: Sharon Y. R. Dent, Boyko Atanassov, Calley Hirsch, Evangelia Koutelou, Zeynep Coban, Xian Jiang Lan, Li Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Histone modifying enzymes are important creating and maintaining epigenetic programs that regulate cell identity and growth. Our lab uses genetic approaches to define the full spectrum of functions for these enzymes. For example, we have created a series of mutations in the mouse Gcn5 (KAT2A) gene in order to define the functions of this histone acetyltransferase (AT) in a mammalian system. Gcn5 is the catalytic subunit of the SAGA and ATAC complexes. Deletion of Gcn5 led to early embryonic death and to telomere dysfunction. We are now defining the role of Gcn5 and SAGA in maintenance of pluripotency in mouse ES cells and ES cell differentiation. Our data indicate that Gcn5 is an important cofactor for both Myc and E2F family transcription factors, predicting a role for Gcn5 not only in self renewal of ES cells but also in Myc-driven cancers. Our latest studies are defining the functions of the SAGA deubiquitinase module, and these are revealing new information about SAGA composition and function during mouse development and in human diseases. Citation Format: Sharon Y. R. Dent, Boyko Atanassov, Calley Hirsch, Evangelia Koutelou, Zeynep Coban, Xian Jiang Lan, Li Wang. A SAGA of GCN5 and USP22 in stem cells and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY24-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY24-01
BCG vaccine in superficial bladder cancer
Authors: N. Sharma, S. Prescott
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The most effective form of immunotherapy for solid tumours is still poorly understood

The main risks from superficial bladder cancer are that it may recur or that it may progress to invasive disease with a high mortality. Immunotherapy with live BCG vaccine was shown to be an effective treatment as long ago as 1976,1 and the vaccine is still the only intravesical agent to have been shown to reduce both of these risks.2

Factors that increase the risk of progression are high tumour grade, invasion of the lamina propria, and the presence of carcinoma in situ.3 The main indications for the use of BCG vaccine in Britain are treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder; treatment of residual superficial papillary tumour; and prophylaxis against recurrence of superficial tumours and against progression after resection of a tumour.

No one questions the use of BCG vaccine for diffuse carcinoma in situ. This condition is difficult to eradicate by resection--indeed, if treated by surgery alone it progresses to invasion of the …
The Protean Manifestations of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Authors: Philip Bruno
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Twenty-six cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome from 1981 to 1986 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the scope of clinical presentation and the unique complications of the illness. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of Hantaan virus antibody in 25 cases and by characteristic autopsy findings in 1 case. The illness could be classified into three distinct clinical subgroups. Fever was universally present. Two patients presented with intractable shock and diffuse hemorrhage and died within 6 days from multi-organ system failure, mimicking the clinical picture of overwhelming sepsis. Eighteen patients presented with acute renal failure with an illness lasting a mean of 21 days (range, 10 to 36 days). Resolution of thrombocytopenia heralded recovery of renal function. At discharge, the serum creatinine level was normal in 13 patients; 5 patients had evidence of minimal renal dysfunction. Acute pulmonary edema requiring hemodialysis and retroperitoneal hemorrhage were the major complications in this subgroup. Six patients had an undifferentiated febrile illness with normal renal function. Fever, thrombocytopenia, abnormal urinalysis, hypertransaminasemia, and a benign clinical course characterized the third clinical pattern. The recent availability of serodiagnostic methods to detect Hantavirus group antibody facilitates the diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Application of this test in the described clinical settings will identify unsuspected cases, broaden the knowledge of the geographic distribution of Hantavirus infection, and increase physician awareness of its protean manifestations.
Evidence based policy: don't be timid
Authors: K. Walshe
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Nodular thyroid disease Abnormal thyroid function may be positive discriminator for malignancyEditor-Keston Jones states that testing of thyroid function is still one of the cornerstones of investigation in nodular thyroid disease. 1 He also states that overt thyroid dysfunction effectively rules out the possibility of malignancy.Thyroid function tests will not help in the discrimination of a nodule as they give no description of the nodule.In addition, malignancy may occur in patients with hyperthyroidism and a palpable thyroid nodule.Kraimps et al report that in patients with a cold nodule and Graves' disease the incidence of malignancy is as high as 15%, and that malignancy should be taken as an indication for total thyroidectomy, although in this group the nodules were mainly nonpalpable. 2ore impressively, Carnell and Valente report that 19% of palpable cold nodules were malignant in a retrospective review of 468 patients with Graves' disease. 3Thus in some instances abnormal thyroid function seems to be a positive discriminator for malignancy, although in the most euthyroid patients it will give no further diagnostic information.
RELATIVE TOXICITY OF COCAIN AND EUCAIN.
Authors: A. H. PECK
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Cocain hydrochlorate is a white crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the erthroxylon coca, a small shrub of Peru and other western South American countries. Its extensive use as a local anesthetic is so familiar to all that repetition is here unnecessary. It is not my intention in this paper to especially refer to its anesthetic properties, only its toxic effects relatively with those of eucain, as observed in actual practice and as determined by original experimentation. Eucain is a colorless crystalline powder of German production, and was placed on the market some years ago as an anesthetic to be used in a similar manner to cocain. It was soon observed that the first product, or that which is now called "Alpha Eucain," produced many undesirable and some very disagreeable effects, so much so that its use was soon largely discontinued. In February, 1897, Dr. Silex of Berlin brought
Flow cytometric analysis of normal B cell differentiation: a frame of reference for the detection of minimal residual disease in precursor-B-ALL
Authors: P Lúcio, A Parreira, MWM van den Beemd, EG van Lochem, ER van Wering, E Baars, A Porwit-MacDonald, E Bjorklund, G Gaipa, A Biondi, A Orfao, G Janossy, JJM van Dongen, JF San Miguel
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
Endogenous Tumor Suppression Mediated by <i>PTEN</i> Involves <i>Survivin</i> Gene Silencing
Authors: Minakshi Guha, Janet Plescia, Irwin Leav, Jing Li, Lucia R. Languino, Dario C. Altieri
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Endogenous tumor suppression provides a barrier against oncogenesis, but the molecular requirements of this process are not well understood. Here, we show that the dual specificity phosphatase PTEN, a gene almost universally altered in human tumors, silences the expression of survivin, an essential regulator of cell division and apoptosis in cancer. This pathway is independent of p53, involves active repression of survivin gene transcription, and is mediated by direct occupancy of the survivin promoter by FOXO1 and FOXO3a factors. Conditional deletion of PTEN in the mouse prostate causes deregulated induction of survivin before full-blown transformation in vivo, whereas expression of survivin and PTEN is inversely correlated in cancer patients. Therefore, silencing the survivin gene is an essential requirement of endogenous PTEN tumor suppression.
The efficacy of psoralen photochemotherapy in the treatment of aquagenic pruritus
Authors: H. DU P. MENAGE, P.G. NORRIS, J.L.M. HAWK, M.W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article The efficacy of psoralen photochemotherapy in the treatment of aquagenic pruritus Get access H. DU P. MENAGÉ, H. DU P. MENAGÉ St John's Institute of Dermatology. St Thomas' Hospital, London U.K. Dr H. du P. Menagé. Department of Photobiology. St John's Institute of Dermatology. St Thomas' Hospital. Lambeth Palace Road. London SEl 7EH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.G. NORRIS, P.G. NORRIS St John's Institute of Dermatology. St Thomas' Hospital, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L.M. HAWK, J.L.M. HAWK St John's Institute of Dermatology. St Thomas' Hospital, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. GREAVES M.W. GREAVES St John's Institute of Dermatology. St Thomas' Hospital, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 2, 1 August 1993, Pages 163–165, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03520.x Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Accepted: 08 March 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
The osteogenic effect of electrosprayed nanoscale collagen/calcium phosphate coatings on titanium
Authors: Lise T. de Jonge, Sander C.G. Leeuwenburgh, Jeroen J.J.P. van den Beucken, Joost te Riet, Willeke F. Daamen, Joop G.C. Wolke, Dieter Scharnweber, John A. Jansen
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Tinctorial and Morphologic Properties Distinguishing Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Authors: Stanley J. Robboy, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Actinomycosis and nocardiosis in visceral infections are distinguished usually on the basis that Actinomyces israelii is not acid fast, but is associated with sulfur granules, whereas Nocardia asteroides is often acid fast, and may be associated with sulfur granules. Because of a case of cultureproved actinomycosis, in which sulfur granules and acid-fast organisms were found, the reliability of these criteria was examined. Materials from four cases of actinomycosis and one culture of A. israelii were stained with the classic Ziehl -Neelsen acid-fast method and with the Putt modification. Every specimen was acid fast with the Putt, but not with the Ziehl-Neelsen method. This suggests that both A. israelii and N. asteroides may be acid fast under certain conditions and may be indistinguishable by these stains. Review of the English literature on nocardiosis showed sulfur granules reported only in infections of skin and not in viscera. Thus, the presence of the granules in viscera suggests actinomycosis.
Modeling of natural organic matter transport processes in groundwater.
Authors: T C Yeh, J Mas-Pla, J F McCarthy, T M Williams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

A forced-gradient tracer test was conducted at the Georgetown site to study the transport of natural organic matter (NOM) in groundwater. In particular, the goal of this experiment was to investigate the interactions between NOM and the aquifer matrix. A detailed three-dimensional characterization of the hydrologic conductivity heterogeneity of the site was obtained using slug tests. The transport of a conservative tracer (chloride) was successfully reproduced using these conductivity data. Despite the good simulation of the flow field, NOM breakthrough curves could not be reproduced using a two-site sorption model with spatially constant parameters. Preliminary results suggest that different mechanisms for the adsorption/desorption processes, as well as their spatial variability, may significantly affect the transport and fate of NOM.
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease in Children
Authors: Henry M. Feder
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To define pitfalls of diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease in children.Case series.A university Lyme disease clinic in a Lyme disease endemic area.A total of 146 pediatric patients (mean age, 9.9 years) referred with possible Lyme disease.Of the 146 patients, 56 (38%) were overdiagnosed, 12 (8%) were underdiagnosed, and 75 (51%) were correctly diagnosed with Lyme disease. Treatment errors were made for 19 (25%) of these 75 patients. In addition, three patients (2%) with tick bites were misdiagnosed or mistreated. Frequent pitfalls included misidentifying rashes as erythema migrans, ascribing nonspecific symptoms to Lyme disease, failing to ascribe fleeting objective symptoms to Lyme disease, and inappropriate antibiotic therapy for patients with Lyme disease.Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease in children are common.
Abstract 898: Glucose metabolism Gene Polymorphisms and Clinical Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Xiaoqun Dong, Hongwei Tang, Kenneth R. Hess, James L. Abbruzzese, Donghui Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background Altered glucose-metabolism is the most common metabolic hallmark of malignancies. The ‘Warburg effect’ (aerobic glycolysis, a persistently high rate of glucose conversion into lactate even under normoxic condition), is a distinctive metabolic characteristic of malignancies that distinguishes them from normal cells. Glucose-metabolism plays a crucial role in determining the cell fate (survival or death), has become a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. We explored weather glucose-metabolism gene variations correlate with clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer. Methods We retrospectively genotyped 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 5 glucose-metabolism genes (Hexokinase 2,HK2; glucokinase, GCK; glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase, GFPT1; glucose phosphate isomerase, GPI; O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase, OGT) in 154 patients with localized disease enrolled in clinical trials of preoperative gemcitabine-based chemoradiation and validated the findings in 552 patients with different stages of pancreatic adenocarcinoma recruited in a case-control study conducted at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from February 1999 to May 2007, with follow-up to August 2009. Association between genotypes and overall survival (OS) or tumor characteristics was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression or logistic regression models with adjustment of clinical predictors. Findings GCK IVS1+9652C&amp;gt;T and HK2 N692N homozygous variants were significantly associated with reduced OS in the training set of 154 patients (P &amp;lt; 0.001). These associations were confirmed in the validation set of 552 patients and in the combined dataset of all 706 patients (Ps ≤ 0.001). In addition, HK2 R844K variant K allele was associated with a better survival in the validation set and the combined dataset (Ps ≤ 0.001). When data was further analyzed by disease stage, GFPT1 IVS14-3094T&amp;gt;C, HK2 N692N and R844K in patients with localized disease, and GCK IVS1+9652C&amp;gt;T in patients with advanced disease were significant independent predictors for OS (Ps ≤ 0.001). Haplotype CGG of GPI and GCTATGG of HK2 were associated with better OS, respectively, with a P value of 0.004 and 0.007. HK2 N692N CC, R844K GG genotype correlated with poorer tumor response to therapy, advanced tumor stage and lower rate of tumor resectability. Interpretation We demonstrated that glucose-metabolism gene polymorphisms correlated with clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer. If confirmed, the genotype marker may be useful in identifying patients for glucose-metabolism-targeted therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 898.
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
Authors: Fred E. Pittman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It should be noted in the report by Burbige and Milligan (231:1157, 1975) on the apparent successful use of the anion-exchange resin, cholestyramine, in two cases of colitis associated with lincomycin and clindamycin, that one of the patients was constipated for four days postoperatively and that both were given constipating agents when diarrhea began. One received paregoric, codeine, and an atropine sulfate-diphenoxylate hydrochloride mixture (Lomotil), the other Lomotil alone. In our early experience with colitis following lincomycin administration,<sup>1</sup>we noted that those patients with the most severe mucosal injury, as well as those with prolonged symptoms and sigmoidoscopic findings, gave histories of chronic constipation or had been given Lomotil at the onset of diarrhea. The bacteriologic and light and electron microscopic studies of mucosal biopsy specimens did not suggest bacterial overgrowth or invasion. These clinical observations, coupled with the knowledge that lincomycin is very poorly absorbed
MUCOCELE OF THE APPENDIX.WITH REPORT OF A CASE POSSIBLY CARCINOMATOUS IN NATURE.
Authors: ALFRED STENGEL
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The somewhat indefinite term mucocele may be retained because it sufficiently suggests the general characters of a condition, the exact nature of which is probably not always the same. In some cases the pathology seems clear; in others there is much uncertainty as to the process of formation; but in all there is a cyst-like appendix with mucoid contents. Such cysts, and in fact all kinds of cysts, of the appendix are comparatively rare. According to Kelly and Hurdon, Ribbert found sixcases among 400 autopsies; Bryant, one case among 124 autopsies; Steiner, three among 2,286; Bordy, one among 528, and they themselves found sixteen cases recorded among 3,770 autopsies at the Boston City Hospital. I have seen but one well-defined case, that herewith reported, among about 2,000 autopsies. The appearance of the diseased appendix is that of a rounded or pyriform cyst with a more or less definite constriction of
Sequence specificity of mutagenesis in the cI gene of bacteriophage lambda.
Authors: T R Skopek, R D Wood, F Hutchinson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Studies of DNA base sequence alterations have shown that for every agent the mutagenic process is specific with respect to the types of base changes induced and the location of the changes in the DNA. Analysis of the types of mutations produced by mutagenic agents can provide insight into the mechanism of mutation and can suggest which DNA lesions may be involved in the actual mutagenic event. We have developed a system for the analysis of chemically induced base sequence alterations in the cI repressor gene of bacteriophage lambda using DNA sequencing techniques. To illustrate the utility of this type of analysis, we present the results obtained with ultraviolet light (UV). Irradiation of target DNA with UV alone, or UV followed by photoreactivating light (which removes dimers), produces mostly transitions at pyrimidine-pyrimidine sites. Conversely, irradiation with 313 nm light plus acetophenone (which produces only thymine dimers) produces mostly transversions at low efficiency. This and other evidence suggests that the actual premutagenic UV lesion in E. coli may not be pyrimidine-pyrimidine dimers, but rather pyr(6-4)pyo photoproducts.