tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood Biomarkers for Brain Injury in Concussed Professional Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Pashtun Shahim, Yelverton Tegner, David H. Wilson, Jeffrey Randall, Tobias Skillbäck, David Pazooki, Birgitta Kallberg, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Lack of objective biomarkers for brain damage hampers acute diagnosis and clinical decision making about return to play after sports-related concussion.To determine whether sports-related concussion is associated with elevated levels of blood biochemical markers of injury to the central nervous system and to assess whether plasma levels of these biomarkers predict return to play in professional ice hockey players with sports-related concussion.Multicenter prospective cohort study involving all 12 teams of the top professional ice hockey league in Sweden, the Swedish Hockey League. Two hundred eighty-eight professional ice hockey players from 12 teams contesting during the 2012-2013 season consented to participate. All players underwent clinical preseason baseline testing regarding concussion assessment measures. Forty-seven players from 2 of the 12 ice hockey teams underwent blood sampling prior to the start of the season. Thirty-five players had a concussion from September 13, 2012, to January 31, 2013; of these players, 28 underwent repeated blood sampling at 1, 12, 36, and 144 hours and when the players returned to play.Total tau, S-100 calcium-binding protein B, and neuron-specific enolase concentrations in plasma and serum were measured.Concussed players had increased levels of the axonal injury biomarker total tau(median, 10.0 pg/mL; range, 2.0-102 pg/mL) compared with preseason values (median, 4.5pg/mL; range, 0.06-22.7 pg/mL) (P < .001). The levels of the astroglial injury biomarker S-100 calcium-binding protein B were also increased in players with sports-related concussion(median, 0.075 μg/L; range, 0.037-0.24 μg/L) compared with preseason values (median,0.045 μg/L; range, 0.005-0.45 μg/L) (P < .001). The highest biomarker concentrations of total tau and S-100 calcium-binding protein B were measured immediately after a concussion, and they decreased during rehabilitation. No significant changes were detected in the levels of neuron-specific enolase from preseason values (median, 6.5 μg/L; range,3.45-18.0 μg/L) to postconcussion values (median, 6.1 μg/L; range, 3.6-12.8 μg/L) (P = .10).Sports-related concussion in professional ice hockey players is associated with acute axonal and astroglial injury. This can be monitored using blood biomarkers, which may be developed into clinical tools to guide sport physicians in the medical counseling of athletes in return-to-play decisions.
Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: Practice Patterns of Community Physicians
Authors: Linda C. Harlan, Jeffrey Abrams, Joan L. Warren, Lin Clegg, Jennifer Stevens, Rachel Ballard-Barbash
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: We evaluated the use of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference statements as guideposts for assessing how rapidly community physicians adopt recommended therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with stage I through IIIA breast cancer diagnosed in 1987 through 1991 and in 1995 were randomly sampled from the population-based National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results program. A total of 8,106 women were included in the study with younger women, ≤ 50 years, being oversampled. Their treating physicians were asked to verify whether chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or both were given. RESULTS: After adjusting for clinical and nonclinical factors, the use of 1985 recommendations for adjuvant therapy in women with node-positive disease was already high at 80% in 1987 and increased slightly to 84% by 1995. Use of combined multidrug chemotherapy plus tamoxifen increased. In contrast, the use of 1990 recommendations for adjuvant therapy for node-negative disease was slightly less than 13% in 1987 and increased markedly to 57% by 1995. For women with node-negative tumors ≥ 1 cm in size diagnosed in 1995, 40% received tamoxifen, 16% combination chemotherapy, and 7% both, an increase from 10%, 5%, and 0.4%, respectively, in 1987. CONCLUSION: Community physicians began prescribing adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in advance of publication of the NIH consensus statement in 1990. Adoption of recommended treatments for node-negative disease has been less complete compared with node-positive tumors, perhaps reflecting the more complex nature of the clinical trials data or the smaller anticipated benefit from adjuvant therapy for this disease subset.
THE ANTIGENIC COMPLEX OF STREPTOCOCCUS HÆMOLYTICUS
Authors: Rebecca C. Lancefield
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The chemical and immunological characteristics of the type-specific substance (M) of Streptococcus haemolyticus are considered. 1. A summary of the evidence for the protein nature of this substance follows: (a) It is precipiated by the usual protein precipitants such as, dilute alcohol, dilute acetic acid, and picric acid. (b) It contains 14 per cent protein nitrogen after considerable purification. (c) It is progressively destroyed by removal of the NH(2) group by treatment with nitrous acid. (d) It is completely and readily digested by trypsin and by pepsin. 2. "Purified" extracts react in relatively high dilution with homologous antibacterial sera, but do not precipitate most heterologous antibacterial sera or sera potent in non-type-specific antibodies for the group reactive nucleoprotein P or for the species-specific probable carbohydrate C. Attempts to immunize rabbits with the type-specific protein have been unsuccessful, with simple salt solution extracts of streptococci as well as with purified solutions. This protein seems, therefore, to have the characteristics of a haptene. The type-specific substance (M) is contrasted with the so called nucleoprotein (P) which shows group relationships with nucleoproteins of related species and is the only fraction of hemolytic streptococcus extracts so far obtained which, after separation from the bacterial cell, is a true antigen leading to antibody production when injected into rabbits. The occurrence of another non-type-specific protein (Y) is suggested by occasional cross-reactions of purified M with certain antibacterial sera. Since it has not been separated from extracts containing the type-specific M, little is known of it either chemically or serologically. The cross-reaction disappears on tryptic or peptic digestion of the extract. The fact that such extracts do not show cross-reactions with anti-P sera is evidence that this non-type-specific protein is not P.
Marijuana may lessen spasticity of MS
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Side effects of dental materials
Authors: I A Mjor
Journal: BMJ (1994)

unerupted third molars, though there is no evidence of a causal link.There is enormous potential for mistaken diag- noses and unnecessary surgery: regular dental surveillance, both clinical and radiological, is the cornerstone of modem preventive dentistry, and facial pain is a common com- plaint, particularly in young adults.Radiological surveys of the mouth and jaws have shown that about one in five peo- ple in their 30s have at least one unerupted third molar'2 and that these can remain in situ throughout life without pathological change.The complications associated with the removal of unerupted third molars should not be underestimated.The surgery entails incision, stripping of periosteum, bone and tooth removal, and suturing.Pain, swelling, and tris- mus are almost universal after this procedure, and the inci- dence of both inferior dental and lingual nerve damage is high.After surgical removal of lower third molars, 5-15% of patients suffer some numbness of the anterior two thirds of tongue and ipsilateral lower lip, and lingual numbness is permanent in about 05% of cases.'3Surprisingly, until very recently no studies of the preferences of patients have been carried out.Recent evidence, however, suggests that the disadvantages and complications of surgery are generally considered by patients as more serious than those of non-intervention.In any event, the prophylactic removal of third molars should be abandoned.If surgery was carried out only where National Institutes of Health consensus criteria existed then surgical morbidity and costs would be reduced sub- stantially.
A 10 year follow up of parenteral gold therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: G Bendix, A Bjelle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVES: To study the long term tolerance of parenteral gold and subsequent drug treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, including prediction of outcome and 9survival9 of sequential treatments. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 376 patients was made, including a detailed screening of 237 patients treated in 1989. Reasons for discontinuing treatment were analysed in life table analyses, which were used to compare patients receiving parenteral gold treatment in 1985 and 1989, and two groups of patients receiving disease modifying antirheumatic drugs after parenteral gold treatment. The causes of discontinuation were followed in sequential treatments. RESULTS: The estimated probability of discontinuation of parenteral gold treatment was 29% after six months and 42%, 55%, 74%, and 92% after 1, 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Mucocutaneous side effects were the main cause of discontinuation of parenteral gold treatment during the first three years, while the probability of discontinuation because of inefficacy dominated after four years. Side effects also constituted the main cause of discontinuation of treatments given after parenteral gold treatment during the first three years of follow up. No significant differences were found when comparing the termination rates between the first and the second and subsequent treatments after parenteral gold treatment. The main reasons for discontinuing one treatment could not predict the cause of discontinuation of the next treatment. CONCLUSION: Mucocutaneous side effects dominated initially, while inefficacy was the dominating cause of discontinuation of long term parenteral gold treatment. No serious side effects were registered. The cause of discontinuation of one treatment did not predict the cause of discontinuation of the following drug. Drug 9survival9 was the same in both treatments after parenteral gold treatment.
Biomedical Scientists and Public Policy
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

It was a scientific meeting in the late 1960s. Whatever research advances were reported, one impression remains with this visitor: the presiding officer expressed concern about the uncertain continuation of government funding for research. Then, he startled the researcher-members by urging them to contact their congressmen. A moment later, it was his turn to be startled. One after another, these superbly educated investigators admitted that they did not even know the names of their congressmen.  That's one of the circumstances addressed by this book—the need for biomedical scientists to take an interest and initiative not only in scientific research but also in research on health care delivery and in related issues before the legislative and administrative branches of government. (That quotation illustrates what perhaps is one of the flaws of the book, that is, an occasional tendency to ponderous prose.)  The book itself is a collection of articles. Some are
ET-37 * EFFICACY OF INTRACRANIAL DELIVERY OF DICHLOROACETATE AND CARBOPLATIN VIA AN LCP POLYMER MICROCAPSULE DEVICE IN AN EXPERIMENTAL GLIOMA MODEL
Authors: A. Mangraviti, Y. Jin, J. Sy, Y. Wang, T. Raghavan, L. Hastings-Spaine, A. Olivi, B. Tyler, H. Brem
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Multi-targeted therapy is a promising strategy for patients with glioblastoma and controlled delivery of these chemotherapeutics is crucial for effective intracranial chemotherapy. Studies combining platinum pharmacophores with apoptosis inducers, such as Dichloroacetae (DCA), suggest that DCA enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to platinum compounds. We assessed the efficacy of DCA in combination with Carboplatin (CB) delivered from a biocompatible liquid crystal polymer (LCP) microcapsule in an experimental glioma model in rats. METHODS: In vitro studies were performed to assess the cytotoxicity of DCA and CB on F98 rodent glioma cells. Efficacy was assessed in vivo in rats with intracranially implanted F98 with intracranial implantation of 50% DCA and 5% CB wafers, in monotherapy and in combination. A second study assessed the efficacy of DCA and CB released from an LCP microcapsule as a multi-drug delivery device. RESULTS: The IC50 values for DCA and CB at 24 hours were 70mM and 39mM(R2 =0.989 and 0.948, respectively). The initial efficacy study showed no difference in median survival between the control group and either DCA or CB monotherapy treatments. However, the animals that received CB wafer in combination with DCA wafer had significantly increased survival as compared to the control group (p = 0.016). The microcapsule efficacy study showed that animals given intracranial LCP microcapsule loaded with 5% CB/pCPP:SA and 50% DCA/pCPP:SA had significant improvement in survival (p= 0.0042 vs. control). CONCLUSION: We show that the intracranial delivery of Dichloroacetate and Carboplatin significantly increases survival in an experimental glioma model, when delivered via polymeric wafer as well as when delivered from LCP microcapsule. The LCP microcapsule is a safe and effective method for intracranial dual-drug delivery and may be a novel strategy for obtaining controlled release of multiple drugs with drug-specific kinetics and independent release times.
Treatment of experimental murine colitis with CD40 antisense oligonucleotides delivered in amphoteric liposomes
Authors: A. Arranz, C. Reinsch, K.A. Papadakis, A. Dieckmann, U. Rauchhaus, A. Androulidaki, V. Zacharioudaki, A.N. Margioris, C. Tsatsanis, S. Panzner
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 promotes breast cancer progression and maintains tumor-initiating cells via activation of key transcription factors and a positive feedback signaling loop
Authors: Nicola Aceto, Nina Sausgruber, Heike Brinkhaus, Dimos Gaidatzis, Georg Martiny-Baron, Giovanni Mazzarol, Stefano Confalonieri, Micaela Quarto, Guang Hu, Piotr J Balwierz, Mikhail Pachkov, Stephen J Elledge, Erik van Nimwegen, Michael B Stadler, Mohamed Bentires-Alj
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Andre Jacques van Amerongen
Authors: Richard Sutcliffe
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Paediatrician who became a pioneer in the management of cystic fibrosisTony Jackson made a considerable contribution to the transformation of cystic fibrosis from a fatal disease of infancy to a chronic disease of adults.He applied the developing technology and pharmaceutical developments to everyday practice, supported families and patients, and, after retirement, gave strategic direction to the Cystic Fibrosis Trust research and medical advisory committee, of which he was chairman.The trust awarded him its John Panchaud medal.
Minocycline slows progress of Huntington's disease in mice
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The antibiotic minocycline seems to slow the progression of Huntington's disease in mice. Scientists at Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School in Boston have found that administering minocycline to mice with Huntington's disease resulted in a significant slowing of disease progression (Nature Medicine 2000;6:797-801).

Dr Robert Friedlander, a neurosurgeon, and his team decided to try minocycline (an antibiotic commonly used to treat acne and rheumatoid arthritis) after research published last year showed that mice treated with it both before and after the induction of stroke seemed to sustain less brain damage than mice that were not treated.

Minocycline is known to cross the …
Gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease due to donor lymphocyte administration for rising autologous chimerism
Authors: Daniel Spira, Stefan Wirths, Marius Horger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

A 62-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia (FAB M1) received a human leukocyte antigen-matched unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantation after a reduced intensity conditioning regimen with fludarabin (3×; 30 mg/m2) and total body irradiation (2 Gy) which resulted in a complete remission of his leukemia. Analysis of chimerism constantly demonstrated autologous hematopoiesis after allogeneic transplantation. After termination of immunosuppression, the autologous chimerism was still increasing accompanied by generalized weakness and rising C-reactive protein. Therefore, treatment with pentostatin (2 mg/m2; 3.65 mg total) and a subsequent donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) was initiated. However, while autologous chimerism was reduced, the patient developed erythema and massive diarrhea in the sense of an acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Virologic and microbial stool investigations were unremarkable, duodenal and jejunal biopsies were compatible with GVHD grade II/III, and immunohistochemistry excluded cytomegalovirus infection. Under medication with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and escalation of immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolon (2 mg/kg) and the calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus symptoms resolved. Computed tomography (CT) illustrates the development and decay of the gastrointestinal GVHD (Image 1A–C). Coronal contrast-enhanced CT image before DLI (Image 1A) shows unremarkable enteric anatomy with nondilated bowel walls (Image 1A; arrow). After DLI with consecutive gastrointestinal GVHD (Image 1B), extensive wall thickening and mucosal enhancement of the small bowel (Image 1B; arrows) accompanied by mild engorgement of mesenteric vasa recta is observed. No mesenteric lymphadenopathy was appreciated, suggesting a noninfectious origin of enteric and mesenteric changes. Following intensified immunosuppression (Image 1C), coronal contrast-enhanced CT image shows partial resolution of GVHD-induced bowel wall thickening and hyperemia (Image 1C; arrow). Acute GVHD occurs when competent T lymphocytes are introduced into an immunocompromised recipient and usually presents within the first 100 days of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation [1]. The skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver are the principal targets of GVHD. The histologic hallmark of acute GVHD in the gastrointestinal tract is epithelial cell apoptosis which makes differentiation from toxic effects due to conditioning regimens, proton pump inhibitors, MMF, or infectious agents like cytomegalovirus and cryptosporidium a challenge [2]. CT features of gastrointestinal GVHD include small bowel wall thickening, engorgement of the vasa recta adjacent to the affected bowel segments and mucosal enhancement. Serosal enhancement, ascites, and periportal edema are also found. High-grade (grade III/IV) GVHD, not present in this case, is associated with wall thickening involving the distal esophagus, ileum, or ascending colon [3].
The role of bovine collagen in the treatment of acne scars
Authors: C.K. VARNAVIDES, R.A. FORSTER, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Eighteen patients with a variety of depressed scars, predominantly as a result of acne, were treated with a purified bovine dermal collagen prepared as an injection (Zyderm I®) for direct implantation into the scars. Both subjective and objective assessment showed encouraging results in those with soft and distensible scars. This method is, however, largely unsuitable for rigid, fibrotic or ice-pick scarring. Any improvement was usually apparent by the third treatment session. This is a safe, virtually painless, simple technique requiring no specialized equipment and has a high patient acceptability—but is expensive.
Points: Testicular cancer
Authors: W G Jones
Journal: BMJ (1987)

maladministration of the HM(61)112 procedure or its successor.There is a parallel-the Police Complaints Board.Even worse than HM(61)112 for disciplining doctors, however, is RHB(51)81, where the employing authority can be the complainant, prosecuting council, judge, and appeal court while the suspended doctor is denied any legal repre- sentation although the lawyers acting on behalf of the employer are allowed to be present.It is difficult to have any confidence in such a system.
Suppression of T and B Lymphocyte Activation by a <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> Virulence Factor, Yoph
Authors: Tony Yao, Joan Mecsas, James I. Healy, Stanley Falkow, Yueh-hsiu Chien
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The acquired immune responses are crucial to the survival of Yersinia-infected animals. Mice lacking T cells are sensitive to Yersinia infection, and a humoral response to Yersinia can be protective. Diverse mechanisms for Yersinia to impair and evade the host innate immune defense have been suggested, but the effects of Yersinia on lymphocytes are not known. Here, we demonstrate that after a transient exposure to Y. pseudotuberculosis, T and B cells are impaired in their ability to be activated through their antigen receptors. T cells are inhibited in their ability to produce cytokines, and B cells are unable to upregulate surface expression of the costimulatory molecule, B7.2, in response to antigenic stimulation. The block of lymphocyte activation results from the inhibition of early phosphorylation events of the antigen receptor signaling complex. Through the use of Y. pseudotuberculosis mutants, we show that the inhibitory effect in both T cells and B cells is dependent on the production of Yersinia outermembrane protein (Yop) H, a tyrosine phosphatase. Our results suggest a mechanism by which the pathogenic bacteria may modulate a wide range of T and B cell–mediated immune responses.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND MORTALITY AMONG 60,000 CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT PATIENTS; DOES THE OBESITY PARADOX EXIST?
Authors: Yingzi Deng, John S. Pantazopoulos, William J. Kostis, Abel E. Moreyra, Jerry Q. Cheng, Nora M. Cosgrove, Abate Mammo, Edith Zang, Emmanuel A. Noggoh, John B. Kostis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Idiopathic CD4+ T lymphopenia without autoimmunity or granulomatous disease in the slipstream of RAG mutations
Authors: Taco W. Kuijpers, Hanna IJspeert, Ester M. M. van Leeuwen, Machiel H. Jansen, Mette D. Hazenberg, Kees C. Weijer, Rene A. W. van Lier, Mirjam van der Burg
Journal: Blood (2011)