tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering Isolation Precautions for Endemic Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and Vancomycin-Resistant<i>Enterococcus</i>
Authors: Daniel J. Morgan, Keith S. Kaye, Daniel J. Diekema
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Preliminary Report about Transcervical Embryoscopy
Authors: A. Gallinat, R. Lueken, H. Lindemann
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

Transabdominal amniocentesis and occasionally fetoscopy are used as a means of early diagnosis of fetal damage or abnormality after the 14th week of pregnancy. For medical reasons a still earlier method of diagnosis is desirable. We report about the transcervical approach- using CO2-gas-hysteroscopy to visualize the amnion sac and its contents.
Non-asphyxiating tracheobronchial foreign bodies in adults
Authors: RS Lan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The presentations of 47 adult patients with a non-asphyxiating tracheobronchial foreign body were reviewed. The duration of residence of the foreign body was 1 week or less in nine ("acute group"); 1 month or more in 29 ("chronic group"), uncertain in four ("uncertain group"); and the foreign body was a broncholith in five patients ("broncholith group"). In the chronic and uncertain groups, no precipitating factor was found and bone was the most common foreign body. In the chronic group, a choking history was obtained before bronchoscopy in only 15 patient. Clinical manifestations and roentgenograms were nonspecific in most cases, except in the acute group. In the chronic group, the mean duration of residence of the foreign body was 25.8 months. The diagnosis was delayed due to absence of a choking history and invisibility of the foreign body on chest films in 12, due to patient's ignorance in 14, due to physician's ignorance in 1, and due to previous unsuccessful retrieval attempts in 2 patients. The main indication for bronchoscopy in the acute group was a choking history or a visible foreign body on the chest film. In the chronic group, a choking history or conditions leading to "suspicion of an endobronchial lesion" were the main indications. The foreign body was removed with a fibreoptic bronchoscope in over 90% of patients. It is concluded that the most important diagnostic factor is a high clinical index of suspicion and that flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy provides a valuable therapeutic option in selected conditions.
Relationship between biotransformation and the toxicity and fate of xenobiotic chemicals in fish.
Authors: J J Lech, J R Bend
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Many of the biotransformation reactions which have been described for xenobiotic substances in mammals have been demonstrated in fish in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Several of these biotransformation reactions have been shown to occur in fish at rates which are sufficient to have significant effects on the toxicity and residue dynamics of selected chemicals. Inhibition of these reactions can lead to increased toxicity and bioaccumulation factors for certain chemicals. Several classes of compounds, including some polychlorinated biphenyls, are metabolized slowly, and their disposition in fish may not be influenced to any great extent by biotransformation. Metabolites of compounds which are biotransformed rapidly may appear in certain fish tissues, and in many instances these are not accounted for by conventional residue analysis methods. Microsomal mixed-function oxidases in several species of fish have been demonstrated to be induced by specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and by exposure of fish to crude oil. Induction of these enzymes in fish can result in both qualitative and quantitative differences in the metabolic disposition of xenobiotics to which fish are exposed.
Role of gallium 67 thoracic scintigraphy in the diagnosis and staging of patients suspected of bronchial carcinoma.
Authors: R Pannier, I Verlinde, I Puspowidjono, J P Willemot
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Gallium 67 (67Ga) lung scanning was performed in 100 consecutive cases in which because of the history, clinical data, or abnormal radiological findings, a bronchial carcinoma was suspected. This study allows the conclusion that a negative as well as a positive scan is an important element in the diagnosis of some cases of bronchial carcinoma. The method is most helpful in the preoperative diagnosis of circumscribed peripheral shadows and in the assessment of suspected hilar enlargement; it may even visualise hidden malignant tumours. Gallium 67 scanning is also valuable in the assessment of hilar and mediastinal involvement in the presence of a proven primary lung tumour. This study supports the view that in the presence of a negative mediastinal scan the patient may be spared mediastinoscopy and be referred directly for operation.
Acute Synovial Rupture: Further Observations
Authors: G. B. W. Tait, F. Bach, A. St. J. Dixon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1965)

This paper reports further observations on the clinical syndrome of acute synovial rupture of the knee (Dixon and Grant, 1964) in four instances of rheumatoid arthritis and one of osteo-arthrosis with effusion.* 5g.sodium 3 -5-diacetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate and 10 g.N-methylglucamine-3 5 5-diacetamido 2,4,6-triiodobenzoate.
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure.
Authors: M W Elliott, M H Steven, G D Phillips, M A Branthwaite
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The value of mechanical ventilation using intermittent positive pressure ventilation delivered non-invasively by nasal mask was assessed in six patients with life threatening exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease. Median (range) arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were 4.4 (3.5-7.2) kPa and 8.7 (5.5-10.9) kPa respectively, with four patients breathing air and two controlled concentrations of oxygen. The arterial oxygen tension increased with mechanical ventilation to a median (range) of 8.7 (8.0-12.6) kPa and the carbon dioxide tension fell to 8.2 (6.5-9.2) kPa. Four patients discharged after a median of 10 (8-17) days in hospital were well five to 22 months later. One died at four days of worsening sputum retention and another after five weeks using the ventilator for 12-16 hours each day while awaiting heart-lung transplantation. This technique of mechanical ventilation avoids endotracheal intubation and can be used intermittently. Hypercapnic respiratory failure can be relieved in patients with either restrictive or obstructive lung disease in whom controlled oxygen treatment results in unacceptable hypercapnia. Respiratory assistance can be tailored to individual need and undertaken without conventional intensive care facilities.
John Ralph Graham Bastable
Authors: G. Bastabl
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A leader of the hospice movement in the United States and internationally Josefina Bautista Magno broke ground in getting the medical profession to understand the need for pain relief and palliative care for terminally ill patients.She envisioned an environment where dying patients could get comfort, care, and spiritual counselling.Magno developed some of the first hospices in the United States.More recently, she developed programmes to spread hospice care internationally.Born and raised in the Philippines, she completed her medical training at the University of Santo Tomas, the Philippines, in 1943.She trained as a haematologist and oncologist at Georgetown University in Washington DC.Magno was not a stranger to cancer, death, and dying, according to Bill Farr, vice chairman of the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care (IAHPC).Her husband, a sister, and a son died from cancer.Magno also developed breast cancer, and underwent a radical mastectomy and chemotherapy.In a tribute to her on the IAHPC website (www.hospicecare.org),Farr writes that these experiences undoubtedly influenced her decision to promote hospice care.She went to study in the United Kingdom, where Cicely Saunders had pioneered the hospice movement, setting up the world's first hospice, St Christopher's in south east London, in 1967.Magno's earliest efforts to promote hospice care were in the United States.In 1976 she convinced the president of Georgetown University to set up a pilot hospice-training project, known as the Hospice of Northern Virginia.Many more hospice demonstration projects were established, several through the Medicare programme.Yet even as the hospice movement grew, Magno thought it lacked a scientific and research base."Jo started the first organised
Final results of the phase III trial of the German working party of regional chemotherapy (ART) comparing chemoocclusion vs. chemoperfusion for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: K.Lenhard Rudolph, Timm Kirchhoff, Ajay Chavan, Micahel Galanski, Uwe Gallkowski, Gunter Layer, Michael P. Manns, Stefan Kubicka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Prostaglandin synthesis by rat glomerular mesangial cells in culture. Effects of angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin.
Authors: L A Scharschmidt, M J Dunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (ANG II) reduce the glomerular filtration rate and ultrafiltration coefficient. Vasodilatory prostaglandins (PG) antagonize these effects. AVP and ANG II also cause mesangial cell contraction. Therefore, possible PG stimulation by these peptides and two vasopressin analogues was studied in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells. The effect of altered calcium availability on PG production was also studied. Glomeruli from 75-100-g Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in supplemented nutrient media for 28 d and experiments were performed on the first passage. Mesangial cell morphology was confirmed by electron microscopy. Cells produced PGE2 much greater than PGF2 alpha greater than 6-keto-PGF1 alpha greater than thromboxane B2 when incubated with the divalent cation ionophore, A23187, or arachidonic acid (C20:4). ANG II and AVP selectively stimulated PGE2 at threshold concentrations of 10 nM ANG II and 100 pM of AVP. The effects of the antidiuretic analogue 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) and the antipressor analogue [1-(beta-mercapto-beta beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)-4-valine, 8-D-arginine]-vasopressin (d[CH2]5VDAVP), were studied. Neither compound stimulated PGE2 and preincubation with d(CH2)5VDAVP abolished, and dDAVP blunted, AVP-enhanced PGE2 production. Incubation in verapamil, nifedipine, or zero calcium media blocked peptide-stimulated PGE2 production. Increasing extracellular calcium or adding A23187 increased PGE2 synthesis. Selective stimulation of PGE2 by ANG II or AVP in mesangial cells suggests a hormone-sensitive phospholipase and a coupled cyclooxygenase capable of synthesizing only PGE2. Since neither vasopressin analogue stimulated PGE2, but both blocked AVP-enhanced PGE2 production, we conclude that these cells respond to the pressor activity of AVP. This is a calcium-dependent process. Selective stimulation of PGE2 by ANG II and AVP may modulate their contractile effects on the glomerulus.
Congressional Action on Health Care Reform — An Update
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The pursuit of health care reform continues to gather steam, as Democrats, with a nudge from President Barack Obama, set an ambitious target for action — House and Senate passage of measures by July 31. At the same time, legislators intensified their discussions about how far the government should extend its regulatory reach into the health care system, and two new reports underscored the necessity of embedding cost-cutting policies in any reform proposal. The reports document the deterioration of Medicare's financial condition and state government revenues — developments that complicate the challenges faced by Democrats, who are poised to spend . . .
The effect of side-chain, para-aminobenzoyl region, and B-ring modifications on dihydrofolate reductase binding, influx via the reduced folate carrier, and cytotoxicity of the potent nonpolyglutamatable antifolate Nα-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-Nδ-hemiphthaloyl-l-ornithine
Authors: Andre Rosowsky, Joel E. Wright, Chitra M. Vaidya, Ronald A. Forsch
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2000)
Allergy Induced by <i>Parietaria officinalis</i> Pollen in Southern Croatia
Authors: S. Cvitanović, M. Marušć, L. Zekan, N. Köhler‐Kubelka
Journal: Allergy (1986)

Pollen of Parietaria officinalis causes season‐associated respiratory symptoms. In Southern Croatia (Yugoslavia) we found 65% patients with rhinitis and/or asthma to be allergic to this pollen. They showed positive cutaneous reactions and had specific IgE antibodies to the respective isolated allergen. The finding represents the first report on Parietaria officinalis‐induced allergy on the east Adriatic coast.
Hazard of chemical sympathectomy.
Authors: R A Boas, J B Lofstrom, B R Master, A Rubin
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Hazard of chemical sympathectomy SIR,-The essential requirement in performing injections with neurolytic solutions is firstly to ensure correct needle placement and secondly to make sure that the solution spreads in the correct tissue plane so as to destroy only the intended nervous tissue.Drs J M B Burn and L Langdon (29 April, p 1143) deny the need for radiological control for chemical sympath- ectomies on the grounds of expediency and on the basis of their own experience.They miss the point that cases of paraplegia, including the one described by Dr R C Smith and others (4 March, p 552), have occurred for the very reason that the operator was unaware of any error in the needle placement or aberrant spread of solution.The potential for in- accurate needle placement is well illustrated in the study by Brechner and Brechner,' who showed that even with technical proficiency check x-rays after final positioning will show up to 400o error in needle placement.When x-ray control with an image in- tensifier is used from the start accurate placement of the needles is very rapid, reducing patient discomfort to a minimum.The satis- factory position of the needles having been seen, subsequent injection of radio-opaque solution then determines the accuracy and extent of spread, allowing for minor adjustments when an occasional intravascular dispersion is seen.We therefore strongly recom- mend, as the safest practice, that all neurolytic injections in the region of the vertebral column should be made under x-ray control.
Abstract 2936: <i>In situ</i> antitumor immunotherapy with pharmacological blockade of MFG-E8 and chemotherapy against solid and hematological tumors
Authors: Masahisa Jinushi, Hideaki Tahara, Shigeo Koyasu, Glenn Dranoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The conventional anticancer strategies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, induce the tumor cell death, which would theoretically become the source of tumor antigens to be recognized in situ by the immune system. However, most of the cytotoxic therapies rarely induce the immunological responses potent enough to cause obvious tumor destruction in the actual clinical settings. This discrepancy might be caused by the tumor evasion systems, which restrain the induction of host immune responses. Thus, the therapeutic efficacy of various anticancer agents could be improved if the novel strategies are found to reverse molecular machineries of tumor-mediated immune evasion. Milk-fat globule EGF-8 (MFG-E8) has been known to maintain tissue homeostasis in multiple aspects; regulating the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, breast tissue morphogenesis, intestinal epithelium homeostasis and angiogenesis. Here we have shown that the therapeutic interference of MFG-E8 synergistically potentiates antitumor activities of various cytotoxic and target therapies, and radiotherapy, against various murine tumors. These antitumor activities relied on the induction of the potent and specific antitumor immune responses in situ. The MFG-E8 blockade triggered infiltration and activation of dendritic cells at the tumor sites, where apoptotic cells were made available with cytotoxic treatments, resulting in the potent antitumor effector T cell activation and inhibition of Foxp3+Treg cell function. Furthermore, the administration of anti-MFG-E8 antibodies switches the receptor for MFG-E8-mediated tumor cell ingestion from integrins αvβ3 to activating FcγRI/III receptors in dendritic cell recognition of tumor cells, augmenting dendritic cell-mediated cross-priming of tumor-specific T cells. These findings demonstrated that the blockade of MFG-E8, one of the key negative regulators to restrain immune responses against the dying cells, would be a novel strategy to improve durable antitumor responses by various anticancer therapeutic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2936.
Immunoblot analysis of the sera of patients allergic to rat in Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: A.M. Kahn, C.C. Castro, E.G. Wolff, M.J. Gregorio, M. Ordoñez, M.D. Romero-Piffeguer, D. Beltramo, J.C. Muiño
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Effect of Pulmonary Lesion Size on FDG-PET Lesion Characterization
Authors: K J. Nichols, R N????ez, J N. Rini, G G. Tronco, A Kalapparambath, P V. Pugliese, J Varela, M B. Tomas, C J. Palestro
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
Effects of Chronic ACE Inhibition on Sympathetic Nerve Traffic and Baroreflex Control of Circulation in Heart Failure
Authors: Guido Grassi, Bianca M. Cattaneo, Gino Seravalle, Antonio Lanfranchi, Massimo Pozzi, Alberto Morganti, Stefano Carugo, Giuseppe Mancia
Journal: Circulation (1997)

In congestive heart failure ACE inhibitors chronically reduce plasma norepinephrine. No information exists, however, on whether and to what extent this reduction reflects a true chronic inhibition of sympathetic outflow and which mechanisms may be responsible.In 24 patients aged 60.3+/-2.0 years (mean+/-SEM) affected by congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class II) and treated with diuretics and digitalis, we measured mean arterial pressure (Finapres), plasma renin activity and angiotensin II levels (radioimmunoassay), plasma norepinephrine (high-performance liquid chromatography), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography at a peroneal nerve) at rest and during baroreceptor stimulation and deactivation caused by stepwise intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and nitroprusside, respectively. In 12 patients measurements were repeated after a 2-month addition of the ACE inhibitor benazepril (10 mg/d P.O.), while in the remaining 12 patients they were performed again after 2 months without any treatment modifications. Benazepril did not alter mean arterial pressure, markedly increased plasma renin activity, reduced plasma angiotensin II, and caused a nonsignificant reduction in plasma norepinephrine. In contrast, muscle sympathetic nerve traffic was significantly reduced (-30.5+/-5.3%, P<.01). This reduction was accompanied by no change in the sympathoexcitatory responses to baroreceptor deactivation but by a marked enhancement of the sympathoinhibitory responses to baroreceptor stimulation (103.5+/-3.4%).These results provide the first direct evidence that in congestive heart failure chronic ACE inhibitor treatment is accompanied by a marked reduction in central sympathetic outflow. This reduction may depend on a persistent restoration of baroreflex restraint on the sympathetic neural drive.
Perfusion Scintigraphy and Patient Selection for Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
Authors: Divay Chandra, David A. Lipson, Eric A. Hoffman, John Hansen-Flaschen, Frank C. Sciurba, Malcolm M. DeCamp, John J. Reilly, George R. Washko
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

It is unclear if lung perfusion can predict response to lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS).To study the role of perfusion scintigraphy in patient selection for LVRS.We performed an intention-to-treat analysis of 1,045 of 1,218 patients enrolled in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial who were non-high risk for LVRS and had complete perfusion scintigraphy results at baseline. The median follow-up was 6.0 years. Patients were classified as having upper or non-upper lobe-predominant emphysema on visual examination of the chest computed tomography and high or low exercise capacity on cardiopulmonary exercise testing at baseline. Low upper zone perfusion was defined as less than 20% of total lung perfusion distributed to the upper third of both lungs as measured on perfusion scintigraphy.Among 284 of 1,045 patients with upper lobe-predominant emphysema and low exercise capacity at baseline, the 202 with low upper zone perfusion had lower mortality with LVRS versus medical management (risk ratio [RR], 0.56; P = 0.008) unlike the remaining 82 with high perfusion where mortality was unchanged (RR, 0.97; P = 0.62). Similarly, among 404 of 1,045 patients with upper lobe-predominant emphysema and high exercise capacity, the 278 with low upper zone perfusion had lower mortality with LVRS (RR, 0.70; P = 0.02) unlike the remaining 126 with high perfusion (RR, 1.05; P = 1.00). Among the 357 patients with non-upper lobe-predominant emphysema (75 with low and 282 with high exercise capacity) there was no improvement in survival with LVRS and measurement of upper zone perfusion did not contribute new prognostic information.Compared with optimal medical management, LVRS reduces mortality in patients with upper lobe-predominant emphysema when there is low rather than high perfusion to the upper lung.
Antifungal coating by biofunctionalized polyelectrolyte multilayered films
Authors: Olivier Etienne, Claire Gasnier, Corinne Taddei, Jean-Claude Voegel, Dominique Aunis, Pierre Schaaf, Marie-Helène Metz-Boutigue, Anne-Laure Bolcato-Bellemin, Christophe Egles
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)