tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Nephron&amp;ndash;Sparing Surgery on Quality of Life in Patients with Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nobuo Shinohara, Nobuo Shinohara, Toru Harabayashi, Toru Harabayashi, Soshu Sato, Soshu Sato, Takaya Hioka, Takaya Hioka, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Tomohiko Koyanagi, Tomohiko Koyanagi
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Suppression of Thymidine Uptake of Human Lymphocytes by Co-trimoxazole
Authors: P. M. Gaylarde, I. Sarkany
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) causes a decrease in the uptake of labelled thymidine in lymphocytes cultured in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin. This phenomenon was observed in 60% of 25 subjects. In cultures affected by the drug the mean suppression was 84%. A small decrease in thymidine uptake was noted with trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole separately, but the effect was much more pronounced with the combination of the two drugs. The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is discussed. The action is probably not due to the ability of these drugs to interfere with folic acid metabolism and it is likely that there is no direct effect on DNA synthesis.The suppression of thymidine uptake by lymphocytes in vitro in the presence of co-trimoxazole may not have any obvious clinical significance. However, in view of a report of an immunosuppressive action of trimethoprim in mice, it is possible that the leucopenia observed in some patients treated with this drug may have been caused by a similar mechanism.These experiments show that lymphocytes in vitro are suppressed by co-trimoxazole in concentrations comparable to, or smaller than, those found in vivo under normal therapeutic conditions. They are therefore likely to be clinically relevant.
Widow's case raises issues of informed consent
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Dutch anti-alcoholCampaign is under attack The powerful Dutch drinks industry has demanded that a hard hitting antidrinking poster campaign linking excess alcohol con- sumption with images of violence and ill health be halted.Already one poster entitled Champagne Brut, depicting a sobbing and distressed young woman, has been withdrawn from hundreds of locations for "political reasons."Health minister Professor Borst-Eilers called for the poster to be withdrawn after complaints from the French ambassador about the use of the word champagne in this way.Now STIVA, the foundation for responsible use of alcohol, an umbrella group representing producers and importers of alcoholic drinks including such names as Heineken and Grolsch, want the remaining three posters withdrawn.It argues a government backed campaign should not discredit particular types of product.Professor Borst-Eilers has refused to restrict the campaign further.Public health officials fear that the degree of heavy drink- ing among 16 to 25 year olds in the Nether- lands is increasing.The government funded campaign, with its slogan "Drinking can break your heart," is run by the independent national institute for health promotion and disease prevention.
Factors Influencing Clinical Applications of Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Benign Esophageal Strictures
Authors: Y.-C. Chiu, C.-C. Hsu, K.-W. Chiu, S.-K. Chuah, C.-S. Changchien, K.-L. Wu, Y.-P. Chou
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and clinical effectiveness of a controlled radial expansion (CRE) balloon catheter in dilating benign esophageal strictures, and to assess factors influencing the effectiveness of this procedure.From February 2000 to June 2002, 25 patients with documented benign esophageal strictures at our hospital were enrolled and treated with CRE balloon dilation. There were 17 men and eight women, with ages ranging from 30 to 82 years. The average age of the enrolled patients was 56.1 years. All of the strictures were dilated using CRE dilators under direct visualization, without fluoroscopic monitoring. The dilation diameters were planned in series up to 15 mm using a "rule of three". If dysphagia and esophageal strictures recurred during the clinical follow-up after completion of a series of dilations, additional dilation was carried out until symptomatic relief was achieved. Effective treatment was defined as the ability of patients with or without repeated dilations to maintain a solid or semisolid diet for more than 12 months. Depending on the effectiveness and duration of treatment, the patients were divided into three groups: group A, the successful group in which the initial series of dilations was effective without the need for any additional dilation for recurrent strictures or dysphagia; group B, the relapse group, in which the initial series of dilations was effective, but additional dilations were needed due to recurrent strictures or dysphagia; and group C, the group in which the initial series of dilations failed or consecutive dilations could not be carried out due to intolerance.The 25 patients received a total of 95 sessions of dilation (3.8 +/- 1.2 sessions per patient). There were 11 patients in group A, 11 patients in group B, and three patients in group C. The median follow-up period was 16.5 months (range 12 - 32 months). The number of initial dilations required to achieve symptomatic relief showed a negative correlation with the pre-dilation diameter of the strictures ( r = - 0.92, P < 0.01). Thinner strictures required more dilations before symptomatic relief was achieved. In addition, the stricture length in group B (5.4 +/- 3.4 cm) was significantly longer than that in group A (2.6 +/- 1.1 cm) ( P = 0.009). The overall success rate was 88 % (22 of 25), including 100 % in the 21 patients with a stricture length of less than 8 cm and 25 % in the four patients with a stricture length more than 8 cm ( P = 0.02).CRE balloon dilation without fluoroscopy is an effective treatment for esophageal strictures less than 8 cm in length. Pre-dilation diameter and stricture length are factors that influence the numbers of dilations required and the need for additional dilations.
UTILITY OF SALINE SOLUTION IN TREATMENT OF FEVER.
Authors: J. MADISON TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Increasing experience in the employment of physiologic saline solution (6/1000) by the mouth in all febrile states in children encourages me to offer present certain conclusions. This solution was formerly and erroneously called "normal salt solution." My findings are not sufficiently comprehensive as yet to report in full, but this shall be done later. In a paper<sup>1</sup>read as part of a symposium on pneumonia before the Medical Association of Greater New York, Dec. 11, 1905, the rationale and value of the measure was outlined, with some items of history and personal experience. The use of salines by hypodermoclysis and later by enteroclysis has become an established form of treatment affording relief in many exceptionally severe disease states. The results noted in patients<i>in extremis</i>have been pretty well established to be of more than partial value. The effects attributed to this agency are variously interpreted. In this short
Molecular and population genetic analyses of β-Thalassemia in Turkey
Authors: G.O. Tadmouri, Ş. Tüzmen, H. Özçelik, A. Özer, S.M. Baig, E.B. Senga, A.N. Başak
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

In this report we describe the molecular analysis of 795 chromosomes derived from unrelated Turkish ␤-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia carriers identified in hematology clinics in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, and Antalya.The determination of the molecular pathology of 754 ␤-thalassemia and 42 abnormal hemoglobin genes and analysis of the frequency distribution in six distinct regions of Turkey was accomplished.The experimental strategy, based on PCR amplification of the ␤-globin gene, included dot-blot hybridization with 18 probes specific for the Mediterranean populations, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and genomic sequencing.When the regional results are compared with the overall frequency of mutations in the country, it is observed that the frequencies in the western and southern parts of Turkey are in good accordance with the overall distribution, whereas the northern and eastern parts have a more region/ population-specific profile with some rare mutations having a significantly high occurrence in these regions.Further evaluation of the data with respect to region-or population-dependent differences will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to the marked genetic heterogeneity in Turkey, but could also be extremely valuable in facilitating rapid identification of mutations in families at risk for different hemoglobinopathies.Am.
Sleep Therapy in Psychosomatic Illness.
Authors: Leon Marder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Sleep Therapy in Psychosomatic Illness.Leon Marder, M.D., J. D. Hoogerbeets, M.D.Leon Marder, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. D. Hoogerbeets, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1193_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptQuestion has been raised whether psychosomatic fc illness represents a true entity or whether it may be a depressive reaction in which the psychosomatic symptoms mask underlying symptoms of depression. Fear of loss of the significant love object, either real or fantasied, may represent the important stressful event that leads to the development or exacerbation of psychosomatic disorders.A study to develop better understanding of psychodynamics and physiological correlates of psychosomatic illness attempted to identify the presence of depression indirectly by searching for real or fantasied object loss in the patients' history, by exposure to a battery of psychological tests,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1193-1193KeywordsDepressionFearSleep Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
884-3 Clinical implications of discordant creatine kinase-MB and troponin results in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: L.Kristin Newby, Eric D Peterson, Anita Chen, Robert A Harrington, Charles V Pollack, James W Hoekstra, Robert H Christenson, Robert L Jesse, W.Brian Gibler, E.Magnus Ohman, Matthew T Roe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
TRAUMATIC ULNAR NEURITIS THE ELBOW AND THE OPERATING DUE TO STRAPPING OF FOREARM TO THE TABLE
Authors: E. S. Gurdjian
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The ulnar nerve traversing the epicondylar groove of the humerus in a subcutaneous position is apt to be injured through changes either within itself or in the surrounding tissues. Scar tissue formation in the groove caused by bruises and small hemorrhages may compress this structure and thus irritate it. When one considers the fact that the ulnar nerve with each flexion-extension movement at the elbow moves half an inch or more, one realizes the ease with which changes in the groove through which it traverses may irritate and alter its functions. In the next few paragraphs I shall describe the case of a young man, aged 24, who was taken to the operating room for herniorrhaphy. The upper extremities were strapped to the table in the usual manner. Soon after the reaction from the anesthetic he noticed a peculiar feeling of numbness in the little and ring fingers of the
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Stent Implantation
Authors: Stephen J. Greene, Lora Alkhawam, Muthiah Vaduganathan
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The Optimized Duration of Clopidogrel Therapy Following Treatment With the Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent in Real-World Clinical Practice (OPTIMIZE) trial1 contributes to the body of evidence supporting an improved safety profile of second-generation drug-eluting stents compared with first-generation models.2 However, although it is tempting to simplify the question of the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy to one of stent model or generation, data must be carefully viewed in the context of multiple patient and clinical trial characteristics other than the type of stent involved.
Seminal Fluid Acid Phosphatase in Sterility
Authors: G. E. Delory
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The discovery of large amounts of " acid " phosphatase in the seminal fluid and the prostate gland has proved of great value in the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic cancer.Nevertheless the fascinating question of the function of this enzyme still awaits an answer.The most obvious starting hypothesis is that the enzyme is concerned with spermatozoal motility, and it may be noted in this connexion that acid phosphatase is not present in the prostate before puberty, although it appears precociously in the rhesus monkey after injection of testosterone pro- pionate (Gutman, Sproul, and Gutman, 1936).It seemed worth while to estimate the acid phosphatase content of the semen of patients attending hospital for advice because of the sterility of their marriages, and to correlate the findings with observations of pH, volume, abundance, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa.If
Evidence for a Causal Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Nitrate Tolerance
Authors: Sabine Kurz, Ulrich Hink, Georg Nickenig, Alain B. Borthayre, David G. Harrison, Thomas Münzel
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —We have previously shown that nitroglycerin (NTG) therapy increases vascular expression of endothelin 1 (ET-1) and stimulates vascular superoxide (O 2 ·− ) production via activation of NADH/NADPH oxidases. Both phenomena are stimulated by angiotensin II in vitro, and the renin-angiotensin system is activated during early nitrate therapy. We hypothesized that either angiotensin II or ET-1 may increase vascular O 2 ·− production during nitrate therapy. Methods and Results —In New Zealand White rabbits, 3 days of treatment with NTG patches increased plasma renin activity for the entire treatment period. After 24 hours of NTG treatment, angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor expression and vascular ACE activity were significantly decreased. At this time, constrictions to angiotensin I and II were depressed, but there was no loss of NTG vasodilator potency. Within 3 days of continuous NTG treatment, relaxations to NTG were markedly blunted. This was associated with an increase in AT 1 receptor mRNA expression, a return of ACE activity back to baseline, and a marked increase in constrictions to angiotensin I and II despite continuously increased plasma renin activity. Tolerance was associated with a 2-fold increase in vascular O 2 ·− , as estimated by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Concomitant treatment with the AT 1 receptor antagonist losartan (5 to 25 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) dose-dependently normalized vascular O 2 ·− and prevented tolerance to NTG and cross-tolerance to endogenous nitric oxide released by acetylcholine. The nonselective ET-1 receptor blocker bosentan (100 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) had similar but less pronounced effects. Conclusions —The positive effects of AT 1 and ET-1 receptor blockade on tolerance and O 2 ·− production imply a pathophysiological role for angiotensin II and to some extent for ET-1 in the development of nitrate tolerance.
Ex vivo gene therapy with lentiviral vectors rescues adenosine deaminase (ADA)–deficient mice and corrects their immune and metabolic defects
Authors: Alessandra Mortellaro, Raisa Jofra Hernandez, Matteo M. Guerrini, Filippo Carlucci, Antonella Tabucchi, Maurilio Ponzoni, Francesca Sanvito, Claudio Doglioni, Clelia Di Serio, Luca Biasco, Antonia Follenzi, Luigi Naldini, Claudio Bordignon, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Alessandro Aiuti
Journal: Blood (2006)
Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy. Reliability and limitations in assessment of acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: M J Cowley, J A Mantle, W J Rogers, R O Russel, C E Rackley, J R Logic
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Two hundred-three patients had -echnetium 99m (stannous) pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams for the evaluation of chest pain and suspected acute myocardial infarction. In addition to routine imaging at 60--90 minutes after injection of the radio-pharmaceutical, the blood pool was imaged immediately in each patient for comparison with routine anterior, left anterior oblique, and left lateral views. Further delayed studies were obtained when residual blood pool activity was identified. Seventy patients had acute myocardial infarction by clinical, electrocardiographic, and enzymatic (CK-MB) criteria. Sixty-five of these 70 patients with acute infarction had positive myocardial scintigrams, with one technically unsatisfactory study. Only four of the 70 patients had negative scintigrams when imaged 18--72 hours after infarction in this study. Technically satisfactory scintigrams were recorded in 125 patients without evidence of infarction. Ninety-six had negative scintigrams at 60--90 minutes, while 19 patients (15%) had precordial activity at 60--90 minutes which was identical in distribution to early blood pool images and cleared with further delay. With these included, the true negative incidence was 92%. Ten of 125 patients had false positive scintigrams; two had recent cardioversion with resultant chest wall damage. The other eight patients had previous infarction 1 1/2 to 72 months earlier and had akinetic segments shown angiographically in the areas of the persistently positive scintigrams. Myocardial scintigraphy correlates well with the presence of other evidence of acute infarction, as well as with the absence of acute infarction when residual blood pool activity is identified. False positive scintigrams can occur following cardioversion and in patients with previous myocardial infarction and resultant ventricular wall motion abnormalities.
Esophageal Diameter Is Decreased in Some Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Might Increase With Topical Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Joohee Lee, James Huprich, Christine Kujath, Karthik Ravi, Felicity Enders, Thomas C. Smyrk, David A. Katzka, Nicholas J. Talley, Jeffrey A. Alexander
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Healthcare Commission will publicise NHS trusts’ levels of infection control
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government has agreed in principle that the General Medical Council, the medical profession's regulator, will take over responsibility for postgraduate medical training in the United Kingdom.The move to assimilate the Postgraduate Medical and Training Board within the GMC-which will not go ahead before 2010-has been welcomed by Graeme Catto, the council's president.Sir Graeme said, "The merger will bring under one roof the regulation of all stages of medical education and will deliver real benefits for patients and the public, as well as for the medical profession."He added that the board, which was set up in autumn 2005, had made an important contribution to postgraduate medical education in the UK and promised to maintain the momentum it had generated.However, in a statement the Royal College of Surgeons of England expressed its disappointment at the slow timetable for implementing the change."We are pleased with the acceptance that PMETB [the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board] will become part of the GMC.However, it is disappointing that no opportunity can apparently be found to carry out this badly needed reform until 2010," it said.Altogether the government agreed (or agreed in principle) to 24 of 47 recommendations made by John Tooke in the report of his inquiry into the reform of Modernising Medical Careers (MMC), which was published in January (BMJ 2008;336:61, 12 Jan).Other proposals were put on hold for "further consideration" or were dismissed as the responsibility of other organisations.Proposals that were agreed in principle are to be evaluated as part of the next stage review, being carried out by health minister Lord Darzi and due to be published in June.Alan Johnson, the health secretary, said that his department needed more time to consider one of the late additions to the list of recommendations, the proposal to set up a new independent body, provisionally called NHS Medical Education England, GMC will take responsibility for postgraduate medical training, as advised by Tooke report UK NEWS Deaths from cancer fall after 20 years of screening in England, p 527 WorlD NEWS European Commission looks into possible restrictive practices by drug companies, p 524 bmj.com london GPs express fear over Darzi's proposals for the capital
Abdominal MRI after enteroclysis or with oral contrast in patients with suspected or proven Crohn’s disease
Authors: Andreas G. Schreyer, Angela Geissler, Helga Albrich, Jürgen Schölmerich, Stefan Feuerbach, Gerhard Rogler, Markus Völk, Hans Herfarth
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2004)
EFFECTS OF POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY ON INCIDENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: THE WOMEN&amp;apos;S HEALTH INITIATIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Maco V. Perez, Paul Wang, Joseph Larson, Beth A. Virnig, Barbara Cochrane, David Curb, Liviu Klein, Joann Manson, Lisa Martin, Jennifer Robinson, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Marcia Stefanick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Termination of Respiratory Events with and without Cortical Arousal in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Amy S. Jordan, Danny J. Eckert, Andrew Wellman, John A. Trinder, Atul Malhotra, David P. White
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

A total of 20-30% of respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnea are terminated without clear arousal. Arousals are thought to predispose to further events by promoting hyperventilation, hypocapnia, and upper-airway dilator muscle hypotonia. Therefore, events terminated without arousal may promote stable breathing.To compare physiologic changes at respiratory event termination with American Sleep Disorders Association (ASDA) Arousal to No Arousal, and determine whether secondary respiratory events are less common and have higher dilator muscle activity after No Arousal compared with ASDA Arousal.Patients with obstructive sleep apnea wore sleep staging, genioglossus (EMG(GG)), and tensor palatini (EMG(TP)) electrodes plus a nasal mask and pneumotachograph. During stable sleep, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was lowered for 3-minute periods to induce respiratory events. Physiologic variables were compared between events terminated with (1) ASDA Arousal, (2) No Arousal, or (3) sudden CPAP increase (CPAPinc, control).Sixteen subjects had adequate data. EMG(GG), EMG(TP), and heart rate increased after ASDA Arousal (340 ± 57%, 215 ± 28%, and 110.7 ± 2.3%) and No Arousal (185 ± 32%, 167 ± 15%, and 108.5 ± 1.6%) but not CPAPinc (90 ± 10%, 94 ± 11%, and 102.1 ± 1%). Ventilation increased more after ASDA Arousal than No Arousal and CPAPinc, but not after accounting for the severity of respiratory event. Fewer No Arousals were followed by secondary events than ASDA Arousals. However, low dilator muscle activity did not occur after ASDA Arousal or No Arousal (EMG(GG) rose from 75 ± 5 to 125 ± 7%) and secondary events were less severe than initial events (ventilation rose 4 ± 0.4 to 5.5 ± 0.51 L/min).Respiratory events that were terminated with ASDA Arousal were more severely flow-limited, had enhanced hyperventilation after event termination, and were more often followed by secondary events than No arousal. However, secondary events were not associated with low dilator muscle activity and airflow was improved after both No Arousal and ASDA Arousal.