tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modern Hematology: Biology and Clinical Management
Authors: James R. Egner
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vitamin D–Receptor Genotypes and Bone Density
Authors: B. Lawrence Riggs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Bone density is known to have strong genetic determinants. On the basis of studies of twins and mother–daughter pairs, it is estimated that heredity accounts for up to 70 percent of the variance in bone density in both women and men.1 Thus, the identification of the genes that mediate these heritable effects could lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, a means to identify those at risk for this disease, and more rational ways to prevent and treat it.One candidate is the gene for the vitamin D receptor, because the vitamin D–endocrine system controls multiple aspects . . .
Bile acids, but not neutral sterols, are tumor promoters in the colon in man and in rodents.
Authors: J H Weisburger, B S Reddy, W S Barnes, E L Wynder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Analysis of the etiologic factors and relevant mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis leads to a classification of agents involved in the carcinogenic process as genotoxic or epigenetic. Their mode of action is distinct, especially with regard to dose-response effects and reversibility. The genotoxic carcinogens for colon cancer are unknown, but mutagenic components found in fried beef and fish are under study. Epigenetic agents as promoting factors play a major role in the development of cancer of the colon. Specific nutritional elements associated with colon cancer risk are high fat diets, high cholesterol intake, and low fiber intake. The role of micronutrients as modulators and inhibitors needs to be explored. Through metabolic studies in diverse populations and in reliable animal models, it is now clear that dietary fat and cholesterol control the total flow of bile acids in lumen and a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet increases the total of bile acids in the gut. Bile acids but not neutral sterols have promoting effects and are related to colon cancer risk although bile acids by themselves do not act as complete carcinogens. The effect of dietary fiber such as cereal bran is to increase stool bulk which dilutes the concentration of bile acids. Reducing the concentration of bile acids either by lower dietary fat and cholesterol or by increasing dietary fiber may effectively lower the risk for colon cancer.
Worthy Criteria, Worthy Criticism: A Correction
Authors: D. A. K. BLACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 January 1972Worthy Criteria, Worthy Criticism: A CorrectionD. A. K. BLACK, M.D.D. A. K. BLACK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-1-145_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am full of praise for the [American Heart Association's] scheme (Ann Intern Med75:251-252, 1971) for evaluating the severity of renal disease, which is a service to precise communication as well as to patient care. What is worthy of praise is also worthy of criticism, and I find the definition of the primary criterion for Class B (Functional Impairment) ambiguous. Should it not read, "Glomerular filtration rate reduced,but stillmore than 50%of normal" (added words initalic)?... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Manchester Royal Infirmary University of Manchester Manchester England PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1972Volume 76, Issue 1Page: 145-145KeywordsCardiovascular therapyGlomerular filtration ratePatientsRenal diseases Issue Published: 1 January 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Quantitative assessment of coronary stenosis by harmonic power Doppler with a simple pulsing sequence and vasodilator stress in patients
Authors: Yuichiro Takagi, Koji Ohmori, Kazushi Yukiiri, Isao Kondo, Yang Yu, Akira Oshita, Hiroto Takeuchi, Katsufumi Mizushige, Masakazu Kohno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Regulated expression and function of CD11c/CD18 integrin on human B lymphocytes. Relation between attachment to fibrinogen and triggering of proliferation through CD11c/CD18.
Authors: A A Postigo, A L Corbí, F Sánchez-Madrid, M O de Landázuri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

CD11c/CD18 (p150,95) is a beta 2 integrin expressed by myeloid, natural killer and certain lymphoid cells such as some cytotoxic T cell clones and B cell malignancies. We have studied the expression and function of CD11c on resting and activated B lymphocytes. Flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and mRNA analyses showed that cell activation with phorbol esters or with a variety of stimuli such as Staphylococcus aureus or anti-mu antibodies in combination with cytokines induced de novo CD11c/CD18 cell surface expression on most B cells while CD11b expression was not affected. Functional analysis of CD11c/CD18 on B cells revealed that it plays a dual role. First, CD11c/CD18 is implicated in B cell proliferation, as demonstrated by the ability of several anti-CD11c monoclonal antibodies to trigger comitogenic signals; and second, the newly expressed CD11c/CD18 mediates B cell binding to fibrinogen. Our data conclusively demonstrate the role of CD11c/CD18 on both B cell activation and adhesion processes.
Clash of the microbes: let’s bring back the good guys
Authors: Martin J. Wolff, Michael A. Poles, Judith A. Aberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

A 38-year-old man with a history of HIV infection virologically suppressed on antiretroviral therapy presents to his gastroenterologist for evaluation of iron deficiency anemia and weight loss. A diagnostic colonoscopy demonstrates a two-centimeter ulcerated mass in the cecum. Biopsies of the lesion return moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma that is wild type for the KRAS mutation by real-time PCR.
Molecular Virology and Cancer
Authors: Clyde R. Goodheart
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Some of the most interesting and challenging problems facing today's biologist are those related to various aspects of cellular regulation. Systems using representative cancer viruses of birds and of mammals as experimental models recently have given insights into the mechanisms of control of cellular morphology, differentiation, and growth. This is so because, when a cancer virus interacts with a cell, the malignant change that may result is manifested as a heritable alteration in these mechanisms. Therefore, better understanding of the interaction between a cancer virus and a cell is an important goal of both cancer research and more general biological research. The purpose of this review is to discuss the various known tumor viruses, the current concept of the cellular genetic apparatus, and the various ways a tumor virus might interact with a cell to cause the malignant change. Much of the information reviewed here was originally obtained from work
Lack of Effect of Refining on the Glycemic Response to Cereals
Authors: David J A Jenkins, Thomas M S Wolever, Rodney H Taylor, Helen M Barker, Hashmein Fielden, Miguel A Gassull
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

The blood glucose response to feeding whole and fiber-depleted cereals and cereal products was studied in healthy volunteers. No difference was seen between white and wholemeal bread and spaghetti or between white and brown rice. This lack of effect of cereal fiber on postprandial blood glucose levels suggests that the reported beneficial long-term effects of cereal-based, “natural,” high fiber diets on diabetic control must be due to other aspects of the diet or to a different effect of fiber.
Carriage of a tumor necrosis factor polymorphism amplifies the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 attributed risk of primary biliary cirrhosis: Evidence for a gene-gene interaction
Authors: Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Joseph J. Larson, Erik M. Schlicht, Xiangdong Liu, E. Jenny Heathcote, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Common genetic variants significantly influence complex diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We recently reported an association between PBC and a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs231725) of the immunoreceptor gene cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4). We hypothesized that PBC risk attributed to this polymorphism might be increased by propensity to an overly robust inflammatory response. Thus, we examined its potential interaction with the commonly studied −308AG promoter polymorphism (rs1800629) of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene for which the variant TNF2A allele causes increased TNF production. The polymorphisms were genotyped in 866 PBC patients and 761 controls from independent US and Canadian registries; the effects of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their interaction on PBC risk was assessed by logistic regression. The reported association of PBC with the CTLA4 “A/A” genotype was replicated in the Canadian cohort and significant for PBC risk in the combined data (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; P = 0.0005). TNF2A allele frequency was elevated in PBC patients, but only reached borderline significance using the combined data (OR, 1.21; P = 0.042). Analysis showed that TNF2A carriage was significantly increased in CTLA4 “A/A” PBC patients compared with CTLA4 “A/A” controls (39.7% versus 16.5%, P = 0.0004); no apparent increase of TNF2A carriage was noted in CTLA4 “A/G” or “G/G” individuals. Finally, interaction under a logistic model was highly significant, as TNF2A carriage in combination with the CTLA4 “A/A” genotype was present in 6.5% of PBC patients, compared with 1.7% of controls (OR, 3.98; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: TNF2A amplifies the CTLA4 rs231725 “A/A” genotype risk for PBC. Although the mechanisms remain unclear, the premise that deficiency in T-cell regulation resulting in an increased risk of PBC is amplified by overexpression of an important proinflammatory cytokine provides a basis for future functional studies. Hepatology 2010
The Medical Management of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Oglesby Paul
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The availability of excellent short-acting and long-acting drugs for the treatment of angina pectoris needs to be emphasized. Properly used in conjunction with other measures such as the treatment of hypertension and a graded exercise routine, they provide, for most patients with angina, a tested therapeutic program that is remarkably effective, well-tolerated, appropriate for long-term outpatient use, and quite inexpensive. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1847-1848, 1977)
Kidney Transplantation in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Lupus
Authors: Steven M. Zonnebelt
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A 25-year-old man with renal failure secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) received a kidney from his identical twin five years after onset of the first twin's symptoms of lupus. Both continue to do well. To our knowledge, there are no other reports of kidney transplantation in monozygotic twins discordant for SLE.
Pharmacokinetics of sequential intravenous and enteral fluconazole in critically ill surgical patients with invasive mycoses and compromised gastro-intestinal function
Authors: S.L.C.E. Buijk, I.C. Gyssens, J.W. Mouton, H.A. Verbrugh, D.J. Touw, H.A. Bruining
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Loss of high‐responder inhibitors in patients with severe hemophilia A and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: A report from the multi‐center hemophilia cohort study
Authors: G. L. Bray, B. L. Kroner, S. Arkin, L. W. Aledort, M. W. Hilgartner, M. E. Eyster, M. V. Ragni, J. J. Goedert
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract To evaluate the effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection on the loss of factor VIII alloantibodies, we identified 77 patients with a history of inhibitors from among a large cohort of HIV‐1‐infected participants enrolled in a natural history study of HIV‐1 infection in hemophilia. Fifty‐six patients were high responders with inhibitors titers greater than 5 Bethesda Units (BU) measured on at least one occasion. From May 1985 to December 1989, 13 of the high‐responder patients were rechallenged with factor VIII concentrates after several years of treatment with other plasma products. All exhibited excellent hemostasis upon reinstitution of factor VIII. Seven of the 13 patients (11.3–46.3 years of age) were in the advanced stages of HIV‐1 infection at the time of rechallenge. Inhibitor titers measured subsequent to the reinstitution of factor VIII were consistently less than 1 BU in five of these seven patients. The remaining six patients (6.1–57.5 years of age) had mild to moderate CD4+ lymphocyte depletion (absolute CD4+ cells: 262–935/ mm 3 ) at the time of factor VIII rechallenge. Follow‐up inhibitor titers were negative 7–42 months after consistent factor VIII use in these six patients. The lack of anamnestic response to factor VIII in all 13 patients who were rechallenged indicates that HIV‐1‐infected patients who have a history of high‐responder inhibitors frequently benefit from the reintroduction of factor VIII use for the control of bleeding, regardless of their stage of HIV‐1 disease. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE DOUCHE IN THE TREATMENT OF OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.
Authors: E. E. HOLT
Journal: JAMA (1901)

On May 22, 1899, Dr. Fuller, of Bath, sent me an infant suffering from ophthalmia neonatorum. Dr. Fuller had been called in consultation to see the baby in Richmond and found it in such a critical condition that he advised having it taken to me at once. The baby was between two and three weeks old, and the disease had developed into a critical condition. There was a profuse purulent discharge issuing from both eyes, and so much chemosis and swelling of the lids that it was difficult to make a satisfactory inspection of the cornea of either eye; it was finally determined that the cornea was involved and about to break down in each eye. The mother was making a supreme effort to save the sight of the child, having recently left her bed to make the journey to Portland. She was delicate, exceedingly nervous, but intelligent and anxious
Graves' Disease Progressing to Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: Claude Jaffiol
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE ASSOCIATION of Graves' disease and hypothyroidism with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis has long been recognized. In some cases, hypothyroidism seems to be the final outcome of Graves' thyrotoxicosis.<sup>1</sup>Many reports are not completely substantiated, however, and none, to our knowledge, reports on the histological appearance of the thyroid gland at both stages of the disease in the same patient. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 39-year-old woman (height, 159 cm; weight, 55 kg) was seen in 1972 with thyrotoxicosis, unilateral exophthalmos, and a large, smooth goiter. The six-hour sodium iodide uptake was raised at 68% (normal, 25% to 35% dose), and the scan was homogenous. The patient was euthyroid during antithyroid drug therapy (carbimazole, 30 mg/day), as confirmed at repeated checkups during 1972 and 1973. Treatment was discontinued voluntarily by the patient from 1973 to January 1977. At that time, the patient was again found to be thyrotoxic with a
Food Allergy — Material and Ethereal
Authors: Charles D. May
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THE subject of food allergy is usually referred to as confusing and controversial. Confusion among professionals and the public can be traced in part to lack of a rational integration of existing knowledge with basic concepts that could aid in the care of patients with suspected adverse reactions to foods. Food and eating occupy such a prominent position in our psychosocial world that they are only too readily blamed for our most ethereal woes. More confusion than relief has come from claims spread through the mass media that a staggering array of symptoms can frequently be ascribed to foodstuffs — . . .
Reactions to Cephalothins in Patients with Hemagglutinating Penicillin Antibodies.
Authors: Lyndall Molthan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Reactions to Cephalothins in Patients with Hemagglutinating Penicillin Antibodies.Lyndall Molthan, M.D.Lyndall Molthan, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1090_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHemagglutinating antibodies (19S-f7S) have been found in the serum of 73 persons historically allergic to penicillins using test cells coated with cephalothin. Only 31 of these sera also reacted with test cells coated with penicillin G. It is believed that cephalothin produces a more sensitive test cell because of its marked affinity for protein-red cell membrane protein in this situation. It is also believed that hemagglutinating penicillin antibodies consider cephalothins and penicillins as the same antigen.Twenty-six patients with hemagglutinating penicillin antibodies have received cephalothin therapeutically. Seventeen of these patients were allergic to penicillin by history; six had allergic reactions... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lyndall Molthan, M.D.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPenicillins and CephalosporinsImmunology of the Antibiotics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1090-1091KeywordsAllergy and immunologyAntibodiesAntigensCellsMembrane proteinsPenicillin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chemoprophylaxis of Experimental Filariasis
Authors: W. E. Kershaw, J. Williamson, D. S. Bertram
Journal: BMJ (1949)

BDIuTHRNALtransfer of blood, and (b) the large capillary/venous differences in the newborn.The cord plasma bilirubin taken alone is a less valuable index of severity than the cord haemoglobin.However, taken in conjunction with the cord haemoglobin it is of definite value in assessing the severity.In this series erythroblastaemia was present on the first day of life in all moderately severe cases and was a striking feature in all the fatal cases; in mild cases the number of nucleated red cells was usually within normal limits.The strength of the direct Coombs test and the amount of free Rh antibody in the infant's circulation are of very limited value in assessing severity.We should like to thank the members of the medical and nursing staffs of the Obstetrics Department of this hospital, who have helped us in many ways, particularly in the collection of cord blood samples; and Professor A.
Campylobacter pyloridis in peptic ulcer disease: microbiology, pathology, and scanning electron microscopy.
Authors: A B Price, J Levi, J M Dolby, P L Dunscombe, A Smith, J Clark, M L Stephenson
Journal: Gut (1985)

After the recent successful isolation of spiral organisms from the stomach this paper presents the bacteriological and pathological correlation of gastric antral biopsies from 51 patients endoscopied for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Campylobacter pyloridis was cultured from 29 patients and seen by either silver staining of the biopsy or scanning electron microscopy in an additional three. The organism was cultured from 23 of the 33 (69%) patients with peptic ulcer disease and from within this group 17 (80%) of the 21 patients with duodenal ulceration. It was cultured only once from the 12 normal biopsies in the series but from 27 of the 38 (71%) biopsies showing gastritis. C pyloridis was also cultured from five out of seven of the 14 endoscopically normal patients, who despite this had biopsy evidence of gastritis. It was the sole organism cultured from 65% of the positive biopsies and scanning electron microscopy invariably revealed it deep to the surface mucus layer. C pyloridis persisted in the three patients with duodenal ulcers after treatment and healing. The findings support the hypothesis that C pyloridis is aetiologically related to gastritis and peptic ulceration though its precise role still remains to be defined.
Clinical Relevance of Bone Marrow Fibrosis and CD34-Positive Cell Clusters in Primary Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Matteo Giovanni Della Porta, Luca Malcovati, Emanuela Boveri, Erica Travaglino, Daniela Pietra, Cristiana Pascutto, Francesco Passamonti, Rosangela Invernizzi, Alessandro Castello, Umberto Magrini, Mario Lazzarino, Mario Cazzola
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

We studied bone marrow (BM) histologic abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) classified according to WHO criteria to determine their clinical correlates and prognostic value.Three hundred one consecutive patients were retrospectively evaluated for BM fibrosis and CD34 immunoreactivity. Marrow fibrosis was assessed following the European consensus guidelines.Moderate to severe BM fibrosis was detected in 17% of cases and was associated with multilineage dysplasia (P = .001), high transfusion requirement (P < .001), and poor-risk cytogenetics (P = .007). CD34+ cell clusters were found in 23% of patients and were associated with WHO categories with excess of blasts (P < .001) and poor-risk cytogenetics (P = .001). In multivariable analysis, BM fibrosis and presence of CD34+ cell clusters had independent negative impact on overall survival (P < .001 and P = .019, respectively) and leukemia-free survival (P < .001 and P = .004, respectively). A hierarchical clustering analysis identified three subsets of patients with distinct clinical features. One cluster consisted mainly of patients with BM fibrosis, multilineage dysplasia, and high transfusion requirement; these individuals had lower overall survival and leukemia-free survival (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). Within patients stratified according to International Prognostic Scoring System and WHO classification-based Prognostic Scoring System categories, BM fibrosis involved a shift to a one-step more advanced risk group.BM fibrosis identifies a distinct subgroup of MDS with multilineage dysplasia, high transfusion requirement, and poor prognosis and represents an independent prognostic factor that may be useful in clinical decision making. Furthermore, the presence of CD34+ cell clusters is an independent risk factor for progression to acute leukemia.