tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cellular requirements for renal allograft rejection in the athymic nude rat.
Authors: E M Bolton, J A Gracie, J D Briggs, J Kampinga, J A Bradley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

This study has examined the ability of adoptively transferred CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to mediate rejection of a fully allogeneic DA renal graft in the PVG nude rat. Transfer, at the time of transplantation, of naive CD4+ T cells caused rapid graft rejection and primed CD4+ cells were several times more potent. In contrast, naive or specifically sensitized CD8+ cells were entirely ineffective at mediating renal allograft rejection. Whereas nonrejecting grafts showed only a mild cellular infiltrate, rejecting grafts in CD4+ reconstituted animals showed a substantial infiltrate and many of the infiltrating cells had a phenotype (MRC OX8+, MRC OX19-), consistent with NK cells. Experiments using a mAb (HIS 41) against an allotypic determinant of the leukocyte common antigen confirmed that the majority (greater than 80%) of the cellular infiltrate in rejecting grafts derived from the host rather than from the CD4+ inoculum. Infiltrating mononuclear cells, obtained from rejecting allografts 7 d after transplantation in CD4+-injected PVG nude hosts, showed high levels of in vitro cytotoxicity against not only kidney donor strain Con A blasts but also third-party allogeneic Con A blasts, as well as against both NK and LAK susceptible targets. When splenocytes from nontransplanted nude PVG rats were tested in vitro they also demonstrated high levels of lytic activity against both NK and LAK susceptible targets as well as allogeneic Con A blasts, which were not susceptible to lysis by spleen cells from euthymic rats. These findings suggest that injected CD4+ cells may cause renal allograft rejection by the recruitment of extrathymically derived, widely alloreactive cells into the kidney in this model of graft rejection.
Traveling the New Information Highway
Authors: Thomas L. Lincoln
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Every new technical advance in communication, as it becomes practical, has been adopted by medicine. As a consequence, the article on the Internet by Glowniak and Bushway in this issue<sup>1</sup>ofThe Journalis worthy of the reader's attention, even if the subject of personal and direct information retrieval and message exchange by networked computers is not a part of his or her practice or present mode of continuing medical education. At many levels, interactive long-distance computing is becoming a phenomenon that is difficult to ignore. Like the physical highways before it, the electronic information highway is stretching itself across the nation and around the world, this time by glass fiber networks and satellite, thereby changing how work will be done and, ultimately, how professions will be organized. Clearly, information and communication technologies are converging, so that information exchange is different today than it has ever been in the
STUDIES ON THE INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE OF THE H-Y ANTIGEN IN MICE WITH NEONATAL SKIN GRAFTS
Authors: Willys K. Silvers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

In contrast to the uniform rejection of adult male skin isografts by C57BL/6 females, neonatal male skin isografts are frequently accepted. Moreover, 50% of all females which accept a neonatal male skin graft for 50 days accept a subsequent adult male skin graft as well. This ability of neonatal skin to produce tolerance has been investigated under a variety of experimental conditions. The results indicate: (a) Even when a newborn male skin graft is transplanted concomitantly with an adult graft, it can produce tolerance of the latter although it is less effective in this regard than when transplanted beforehand. (b) The continued exposure of the host to the newborn graft is vitally important in maintaining the unresponsive state; and most females deprived of these grafts for 50 days manifest an immune response when challenged with adult male skin. (c) Newborn male skin isografts raised on adult females are not as antigenic as normal male skin grafts. (d) Occasionally, even a presensitized female can be rendered tolerant by grafting with neonatal male skin. (e) Neonatal male skin grafts are not accepted when transplanted to the spleens of adult females although they may occasionally induce tolerance of a subsequent orthotopic adult male skin graft. The failure of these intrasplenic grafts to survive can be attributed at least partly to their small size since orthotopic grafts of comparable size usually do not survive. (f) Females bearing neonatal male skin grafts are not perceptible cellular chimeras. Because the unresponsive condition induced with neonatal skin is similar to that which results from multiparity, this latter condition has also received attention. In this regard it has been established that unlike the removal of a neonatal male skin isograft, the delayed grafting of isolated females with a previous history of multiparity does not result in many of them manifesting what may be considered an immune response. However, this delay in grafting does seem to impair the tolerance multiparity produces. The results are discussed in relation to other methods of producing tolerance in adult animals.
Sexually Dimorphic Behaviors
Authors: Darcy B. Kelley
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1988)

Sex differences in behavior are the result of natural and sexual selection. The dimorphic classes of behavior described here, courtship, copulatory, and parental behaviors, reflect both kinds of evolutionary selective pressures. We can further distinguish two kinds of mechanisms that produce differences in male and female behaviors. In one, both sexes can perform a behavior but one does not because of sex differences in the external stimuli or the endocrine milieu. Maternal behavior in rodents falls into this category, as do certain other reproductive behaviors. In the other, the sensory, CNS, or motor components that produce behaviors are different in males and females. Many courtship and copulatory behaviors are in this category. I have considered some cellular mechanisms that generate sex differences in behavioral effector neurons, including sensitivity to hormones, cell number, and synaptic connectivity. A common feature of many such systems is a degree of developmental arrest: sexually dimorphic, hormone-sensitive neurons or muscles are immature at stages when other cells have completed differentiation. The cellular and molecular processes whereby hormones harness the developmental programs of behavioral effector cells remain largely unknown and are the focus of active investigation.
Abstract LB-195: Penfluridol, an antipsychotic drug suppresses breast cancer metastasis to brain by inhibiting HER2/Akt/MMP signaling axis in a novel in vivo metastasis model
Authors: Alok Ranjan, Parul Gupta, Sanjay K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Breast tumor metastasis is primary cause of cancer-related deaths. Metastasis is a complex process involving cell migration and invasion of tumor cells to distant organs from primary sites. Brain metastasis is a frequent cause of reduced survival of breast cancer patients. In the current study, we evaluated the anti-metastatic effects of penfluridol, a first generation highly potent antipsychotic drug in a novel murine model of breast tumor metastasis to brain. 4T1 breast tumor cells with stable luciferase expression were injected into the left ventricle of mouse heart. The migration of cells to brain was monitored using a non-invasive IVIS bio-luminescent live animal imaging system. To evaluate the anti-metastatic effects, 10mg/kg penfluridol was administered orally to mice every day for 12 days after intra-cardiac injection of tumor cells. The growth rate of metastasized tumors cells in control and treated mice was determined by measuring the luminescence in the brain area in each mouse at different time points. Our results demonstrate that the growth of metastatic brain tumors was reduced by 82% in the mice treated with penfluridol. In addition, treatment of 4T1, MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells with 10µM Penfluridol for 24 hours resulted in the significantly reduced migration and 30-40% reduced invasion of cells, as evaluated by wound healing and Boyden's transwell invasion assay respectively. Penfluridol treatment also reduced the expression of HER2, AKT and MMP-2, 9 in these cells. Interestingly, overexpression of HER2 led to the phosphorylation of Akt, which in turn is known to regulate MMPs. Taken together, our results indicate that the anti-metastatic effects of penfluridol were associated with down regulation of HER2, AKT and MMPs. To the best of our knowledge, our study for the first time demonstrates the anti-metastatic effects of penfluridol in vivo in a novel breast tumor metastasis model. Most importantly, penfluridol is already in clinical use with an established safety record; therefore any positive findings from our studies can be rapidly translated to the clinics for undertaking a clinical trial to treat advanced metastatic breast cancer patients. [Supported in part by R01 grant CA 129038 awarded by National Cancer Institute, NIH] Citation Format: Alok Ranjan, Parul Gupta, Sanjay K. Srivastava. Penfluridol, an antipsychotic drug suppresses breast cancer metastasis to brain by inhibiting HER2/Akt/MMP signaling axis in a novel in vivo metastasis model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-195. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-195
Risk of Ketosis During Intensive Insulin Therapy in Pre-School-Age Diabetic Children
Authors: Paolo Brambilla, Efrain Artavia-Loria, Jean-Louis Chaussain, Pierre-François Bougneres
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

The risk of ketosis and its relationship to the mode of insulin therapy were studied in a subset of pre-school-age diabetic children. These five children, who initially responded poorly to standard in-hospital diabetes management, were selected for a program of intensified therapy directed at achieving more stable blood glucose control. Optimized conventional therapy was first employed for 16 ± 5 mo and did not improve substantially blood glucose level or stability. During this period, there was an average of almost one episode of ketonuria per patient per month, and three diabetic ketoacidosis episodes were observed. Because of its limited efficacy, the treatment was then changed to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. This mode of therapy had a rapid favorable effect on blood glucose control, with no concomitant increase of the frequencies of ketonuria or diabetic ketoacidosis, most of which occurred during the first months of insulin pump therapy. Deliberate cessation of either conventional or subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy for 7 h under close in-hospital control resulted in similar metabolic changes: a slight nonconstant increase of blood glucose, and an abrupt rise of blood 3-hydroxybutyrate to 3 mM, with massive ketonuria. The management of these young diabetic children with insulin pump therapy was thus not associated with an increased frequency or an accelerated rate of development of ketosis. However, the possible failures originating from the infusing device and the rapid increase of ketosis in young ages require special vigilance from the parents, based on twice-daily urine testing for ketones and appropriate insulin supplementation.
Screening with acetic acid could prevent 22 000 deaths from cervical cancer in India every year
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Women who were screened by primary health workers who used visual inspection with acetic acid were less likely to die of cervical cancer, a large Indian study has found.

The research, which looked at the effectiveness of acetic acid screening by primary health workers in reducing cervical cancer mortality, found that the method could actively reduce cervical cancer mortality by nearly one third. The results were presented at the 49th annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago at the beginning of June.

The study involved 150 000 women in India aged 35-64 years who were randomly assigned to screening with acetic acid by primary health workers (75 360 women) or no screening (76 178 women) and were followed for 12 years. Women in …
Vascular Diseases: Surgical and Interventional Therapy, vols 1 &amp;amp; 2
Authors: Magruder C. Donaldson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

A series of interdependent advances in knowledge and technology over recent years has fueled significant progress in management of diseases of the peripheral arteries and veins. Contributions have come from many sources but most importantly from vascular surgeons and interventional vascular radiologists working separately and increasingly together. Advances in traditional surgical strategies of thromboendarterectomy, resection, and bypass have been supplemented by growth of endovascular therapeutic modalities such as fibrinolysis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, atherectomy, stenting, and recent pioneering efforts at intraluminal prosthetic grafting. Over the last several years, it has become abundantly clear that vascular therapy is best when involved physicians from all disciplines work together to bring their techniques and expertise to bear on the chronic complexities and challenges of vascular disease. Since vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists have found themselves working together on nearly every patient with vascular disease, it is remarkable that a significant text combining the wisdom
Ocular Histology: A Text &amp;amp; Atlas
Authors: Robert A. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The origins of this book lie in a well-known series of lectures given annually by Dr Ben Fine at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Dr Fine, an ophthalmic electron microscopist, has combined his talents with Dr Myron Yanoff, an ophthalmic pathologist, to create a textbook of considerable merit. The text reads smoothly, being concise and yet amply descriptive. Although not encyclopedic in its scope,<i>Ocular Histology</i>provides the reader with an abundance of fundamental histological information. This, the second edition, contains an entirely new section devoted to the ocular adnexa. Many new electron microscopic findings are described, often correlated with clinical observations. Such clinicohistological correlations make many sections of the book clinically useful. For example, in the section devoted to the macula, the histological and ophthalmoscopic findings are beautifully correlated. The histological basis for the fluorescein angiogram is similarly presented in a lucid fashion. This book emphasizes the ultrastructural
The Looming Threat of Liability for Accountable Care Organizations and What to Do About It
Authors: H. Benjamin Harvey, I. Glenn Cohen
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Evolution of the Physician — Medical Defense
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

ALTHOUGH the evolution of the physician may be said to begin with the entry of the student into medical school there are some selectors who claim that they see better ultimate achievements from applicants who frankly admit that their reason for becoming doctors is a family history of doctoring than from those who claim that it stems from a desire to confer benefit on their fellowmen. Perhaps, therefore, an inherited gene confers suitability for the practice of medicine. On the other hand, few students have any clear idea of the type of medicine that they eventually hope to practice when . . .
Variation in the von Willebrand factor gene is associated with von Willebrand factor levels and with the risk for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Marianne C. van Schie, Moniek P. M. de Maat, Aaron Isaacs, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Jaap W. Deckers, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Frank W. G. Leebeek
Journal: Blood (2010)
Raynaud's phenomenon and positive antinuclear antibodies in a malignancy.
Authors: C Tolosa-Vilella, J Ordi-Ros, M Vilardell-Tarres, A Selva-O'Callaghan, R Jordana-Comajuncosa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Both Raynaud9s phenomenon and the presence of antinuclear antibodies are uncommon features of malignant disease and the association of both with a malignancy extremely rare. The case is reported of a 78 year old woman who presented with Raynaud9s phenomenon and positive antinuclear antibodies related to adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site.
THE TOPICAL. EFFECT OF THE ANTIANDROGEN CHLORMADINONE ACETATE AND SOME OF ITS CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS ON THE HAMSTER COSTOVERTEBRAL ORGAN
Authors: KENNETH H. BURDICK, ROBERT HILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

The paired costovertebral organs of the hamster are presented as an assay for distinguishing direct topical activity from indirect activity subsequent to systemic absorption. Topical chlormadinone acetate and its chemical modifications 19-nor-chlormadinone acetate, Δ1−chlormadinone desacetate and Δ1−chlormadinone−16–17 acetonide were without demonstrable effect. Cyproterone acetate and Δ1−chlormadinone acetate showed questionable activity which does not seem to be primarily confined to a direct “end” organ effect.
Renal artery thrombosis and hypertension in a 13 year old girl with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Authors: P A Ostuni, P Lazzarin, V Pengo, A Ruffatti, F Schiavon, P Gambari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The case of a 13 year old girl with renal artery thrombosis and hypertension is described. A cerebrovascular accident and a probable occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery also occurred. Very high levels of 'lupus anticoagulant', anticardiolipin antibodies as well as false positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests were repeatedly shown. Moreover, the patient fulfilled at least four classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus, but only a slight positivity for antinucleolar antibodies was present. The striking relation between antiphospholipid antibody levels and clinical events and the treatment of this complex syndrome are discussed.
A new α‐thalassemia‐2 deletion resulting in microcytosis and hypochromia and in vitro chain imbalance in the heterozygote
Authors: K. Indrak, Y.‐C. Gu, J. Novotny, T. H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We have detected a novel α‐thalassemia‐2 with a large (18 + kb) deletion involving the α 1 ‐and θ‐globin genes and the 3′ hypervariable region sequence. Unexpectedly, the heterozygote had a mild anemia with a marked microcytosis and hypochromia, and an in vitro α/β chain synthesis ratio of 0.62‐0.66. It is suggested that the deletion includes a sequence that is involved in the in cis regulation of the α 2 ‐globin gene.
Investing in national primary care data is way forward in time of care.data
Authors: P. Hardelid, R. Gilbert
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Sheather and Brannan highlight the importance of national primary care data (care.data) for commissioning and research.1 We give an example of how the alternative, collecting new data, may not be a safer option.

We recently completed a study for the Department of Health of chronic conditions in children who die.2 Using death and hospital records, we showed that 70% of children who died aged 1-18 years …
Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice
Authors: Ben Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<b>Sabiston Review of Surgery</b>, edited by David C Sabiston, Jr, 291 pp, paper $29.95, ISBN 0-7216-3534-2, Philadelphia, Pa, WB Saunders Co, 1992. <b>Textbook of Surgery: Pocket Companion</b>, edited by David C. Sabiston, Jr, and H. Kim Lyerly, 1044 pp, paper $18.95, ISBN 0-7216-3535-0, Philadelphia, Pa, WB Saunders Co, 1992. There must be a compelling reason for a 14th edition of a textbook to be published only five years after its predecessor. Neither the publisher, editor, nor chapter authors will invest the enormous resources necessary unless each considers the effort worthwhile. In the case of Sabiston's text, it seems clear that the time and effort are well spent. As the subtitle suggests, emphasis is placed on the biologic basis of surgery. The basic science database on which clinical surgery depends has grown so fast during the past decade that an update on this basis alone is justified. New diagnostic and therapeutic