tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Early Caffeine Administration and Neonatal Outcomes in Very Preterm Neonates
Authors: Abhay Lodha, Mary Seshia, Douglas D. McMillan, Keith Barrington, Junmin Yang, Shoo K. Lee, Prakesh S. Shah
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Advantages of caffeine for apnea of prematurity have prompted clinicians to use it prophylactically even before apnea.To determine the effect of early initiation of caffeine therapy on neonatal outcomes in very preterm infants born in Canada.A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients included preterm neonates born at less than 31 weeks' gestation admitted to 29 participating Canadian Neonatal Network neonatal intensive care units between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2012.Neonates who received caffeine were divided into 2 groups based on the following timing of caffeine initiation: within the first 2 days after birth (early) and on or after the third day following birth (late).A composite of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Of 5517 eligible neonates, 5101 (92.5%) received caffeine (early: 3806 [74.6%]; late: 1295 [25.4%]). There was no difference in weight or gestational age at birth between the groups. Neonates in the early group had decreased odds of a composite outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98) and patent ductus arteriosus (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.89). There was no difference between the groups in mortality (AOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.70-1.37), necrotizing enterocolitis (AOR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.65-1.20), severe neurological injury (AOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63-1.01), or severe retinopathy of prematurity (AOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.56-1.10).In very preterm neonates, early (prophylactic) caffeine use was associated with a reduction in the rates of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus. No adverse impact on any other outcomes was observed.
Human Infection with Bact. cholerae-suis
Authors: H. Schwabacher, J. Taylor, M. H. G. White
Journal: BMJ (1943)

First isolated by Salmon and Smith in 1885 from pigs suffering from swine fever, and subsequently reported from various parts of the world as a cause of epidemics of acute food-poisoning, Bact.cholerae-suis, and the kunzzendorf variant described by Hirschfeld (1919) and MacAdam (1419), have from time to time given rise to sporadic cases of generalized infection in man.Harvey (1937) published a detailed report of 21 such cases admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital over a period of four years.In a wide review of the literature he was able to find only 50 other proved cases, as opposed to 1,425 of the acute food-poisoning type.Since then Ravitch and Washington (1937), Cole and Nalls (1938), Clifton and Werner (1938), Hardison and Shipley (1941), Henderson (1942), and Neter (1942) have contributed individual cases, and Goulder, Kingsland, and Janeway (1942) in a more comprehensive paper have added a further 11 cases of their own.
Chest Wall Lesions Mimicking Intrapulmonary Pathological Conditions
Authors: Myung Soo Shin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE NIPPLE shadow has been described in the literature as a chest wall normality that may, at times, be mistaken for a pulmonary nodule.<sup>1</sup>We present here six cases of other chest wall lesions that may cause confusion in the interpretation of the chest roentgenogram unless careful systematic evaluation of both posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest roentgenograms and adequate clinical correlation are obtained. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 50-year-old woman was admitted for a routine chest examination. Two ill-defined oval opacities were identified over the left upper lung in the PA chest roentgenogram (Fig 1, left); however, they were not seen in the lateral chest roentgenogram. The patient had neurofibromatosis. The roentgenologist examined the patient and found numerous cutaneous nodules. Therefore, a repeated chest roentgenogram was obtained with barium taped to two of these nodules, proving their chest wall location (Fig 1, right). <h3>Case 2.—</h3> A 30-year-old man
Membrane-bound nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity in atrial cells of frog, guinea pig, and human.
Authors: H Heidbüchel, G Callewaert, J Vereecke, E Carmeliet
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Muscarinic K+ channels in inside-out patches of atrial cells from guinea pig or rabbit can be activated by Mg(2+)-ATP in the absence of acetylcholine and GTP or GDP. The ATP-dependent activation involves a phosphorylation and is postulated to be due to the association of a membrane-bound nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) with the G protein GK: direct phosphorylation of the GK-bound GDP into GTP, catalyzed by NDPK, would result in activation of the G protein and, hence, activation of the channels. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of NDPK activity in atrial membranes by investigating the phosphate transfer between tritium-labeled nucleotides. We show that frog, guinea pig, and human atrial membranes contain a substantial NDPK activity since they catalyze the conversion from [3H]GDP+nucleoside triphosphate (NTP or NTP gamma S) to [3H]GTP (or [3H]GTP gamma S), from [3H]ADP+NTP to [3H]ATP, and from [3H]GTP+nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) to [3H]GDP. The phosphate transfer rates for the [3H]GDP+ATP to [3H]GTP conversion are 1.8, 0.5, and 2.4 mumol inorganic phosphate formation/mg per 10 minutes at 37 degrees C in frog, guinea pig, and human, respectively. The order of substrate efficiency for different NTPs was ATP greater than ITP approximately equal to GTP greater than UTP greater than CTP, which parallels the efficiency of these nucleotides in their activation of the muscarinic K+ channels. Addition of other nucleotides blocked the transphosphorylation reaction, indicating that the NTP-NDP conversion mechanism is aspecific, as is expected for an NDPK-catalyzed reaction. In conclusion, the data support the concept of NDPK involvement in the atrial muscarinic signal transduction cascade.
Antinucleolar Antibodies
Authors: Robert F. Ritchie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Antinucleolar antibodies were found in 203 (8.3 per cent) of 2449 patients suspected clinically of having a rheumatic syndrome. Antinuclear antibodies were present in 577 (23.6 per cent). Of 18 (0.7 per cent) with only antinucleolar antibodies the 12 with the highest titer had systemic sclerosis. Thirteen (54 per cent) of 24 with clinically apparent systemic sclerosis had these antibodies, whereas 26 per cent with systemic lupus erythematosus, and only 9 per cent with rheumatoid arthritis, possessed the same factor. Whereas antinuclear antibodies of a single immunoglobulin class were found in only 6 per cent of samples studied, 69 per cent with antinucleolar antibodies were of a single class. High-titer antinucleolar antibodies (over 1:64) were all of the IgG variety. The frequency and intensity of both types of antibodies were identical in the two sexes. The demonstration of serum antinucleolar antibodies can help differentiate systemic sclerosis from other rheumatic disorders.
Managing chronic hand eczema
Authors: John S.C. English
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Managing chronic hand eczema Get access John S.C. English John S.C. English Queen’s Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K. E‐mail: john.english@mail.qmcuh‐tr.trent.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 2, 1 February 2010, Page 237, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09621.x Published: 01 February 2010
Kupffer cell-independent acute hepatocellular oxidative stress and decreased bile formation in post-cold-ischemic rat liver
Authors: Yusuke Kumamoto, Makoto Suematsu, Motohide Shimazu, Yutaro Kato, Tsuyoshi Sano, Nobuya Makino, Ken-ichiro Hirano, Makoto Naito, Go Wakabayashi, Yuzuru Ishimura, Masaki Kitajima
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The purpose of this study was to examine distribution and time history of oxidative stress during the hyperacute period of reperfusion in the liver grafts undergoing cold ischemia and to investigate roles of Kupffer cells as a potential oxidant source. Rat livers were harvested at 4°C in University of Wisconsin solution and followed by reperfusion with Krebs-Henseleit buffer under monitoring bile excretion. To investigate oxidative changes, laser-confocal microfluorography was performed in reperfused livers preloaded with dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, a fluorescence precursor sensing intracellular hydroperoxide generation. Livers undergoing the 16-hour cold storage displayed an impaired recovery of bile acid-dependent bile output concurrent with a marked increase in hydroperoxide generation in hepatocytes, which occurred as early as 5 minutes after the onset of reperfusion, whereas the status of lobular perfusion was well maintained. Pretreatment with liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate, a Kupffer cell-depleting reagent, did neither alter the reperfusion-induced periportal oxidative changes nor improve the recovery of bile output in the graft. On the other hand, EPCK, a hepatotropic antioxidant composed of vitamin E phosphate ester bound to vitamin C, not only diminished the oxidative changes but also improved the reduction of bile acid-dependent bile output. Furthermore, the reagent was capable of inhibiting H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in cultured hepatocytes. These results suggest that hepatocytes constitute a major site of the oxidative insult triggered through Kupffer cell-independent mechanisms and serve as an important cellular component to be protected by antioxidant therapeutics.
Système International Units and Familiar Formulas: The Case of Lipids
Authors: Ph. Giral
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article by Stern et al,<sup>1</sup>we had difficulty understanding the formula used for calculating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, ie, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol= total cholesterol — high-density lipoprotein cholesterol — serum triglycerides/5. Every time they mention triglyceride levels, units are expressed in millimoles per liter, and every time they mention cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, units are expressed in milligrams per deciliter. The formula is erroneous when the units are mixed together, and if Système International units are employed, the triglycerides' coefficient in the equation should be 2.18 instead of 5. It is not the first time that such a mistake has been made in a lipid article in an international publication.<sup>2,3</sup>Indeed, the use of the Système International, contrary to the belief of its promoters, favors the mistake, because the expression of plasma lipid concentration still remains in milligrams per deciliter or
999-117 Computerization of the Application of Parametric Multivariable Risk Factor Analyses to Estimate the Risk of Events After Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: R.C. Bourge, D.C. Naftel, J.K. Kirklin, J. Spears, J.A. Kobashigawa, J.B. Young, J. Jarcho, S. Kubo, F. Smart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Complete degradation of type X collagen requires the combined action of interstitial collagenase and osteoclast-derived cathepsin-B.
Authors: U I Sires, T M Schmid, C J Fliszar, Z Q Wang, S L Gluck, H G Welgus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We have studied the degradation of type X collagen by metalloproteinases, cathepsin B, and osteoclast-derived lysates. We had previously shown (Welgus, H. G., C. J. Fliszar, J. L. Seltzer, T. M. Schmid, and J. J. Jeffrey. 1990. J. Biol. Chem. 265:13521-13527) that interstitial collagenase rapidly attacks the native 59-kD type X molecule at two sites, rendering a final product of 32 kD. This 32-kD fragment, however, has a Tm of 43 degrees C due to a very high amino acid content, and thus remains helical at physiologic core temperature. We now report that the 32-kD product resists any further attack by several matrix metalloproteinases including interstitial collagenase, 92-kD gelatinase, and matrilysin. However, this collagenase-generated fragment can be readily degraded to completion by cathepsin B at 37 degrees C and pH 4.4. Interestingly, even under acidic conditions, cathepsin B cannot effectively attack the whole 59-kD type X molecule at 37 degrees C, but only the 32-kD collagenase-generated fragment. Most importantly, the 32-kD fragment was also degraded at acid pH by cell lysates isolated from murine osteoclasts. Degradation of the 32-kD type X collagen fragment by osteoclast lysates exhibited the following properties: (a) cleavage occurred only at acidic pH (4.4) and not at neutral pH; (b) the cysteine proteinase inhibitors E64 and leupeptin completely blocked degradation; and (c) specific antibody to cathepsin B was able to inhibit much of the lysate-derived activity. Based upon these data, we postulate that during in vivo endochondral bone formation type X collagen is first degraded at neutral pH by interstitial collagenase secreted by resorbing cartilage-derived cells. The resulting 32-kD fragment is stable at core temperature and further degradation requires osteoclast-derived cathepsin B supplied by invading bone.
Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Newly Diagnosed Non-insulin-dependent (Type II) Diabetic Patients, with Special Reference to Factors Influencing HDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels
Authors: Matti Uusitupa, Onni Siitonen, Erkki Voutilainen, Antti Aro, Kristiina Hersio, Kalevi Pyörälä, Ilkka Penttilä, Christian Ehnholm
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Serum and lipoprotein lipids were examined in 133 newly diagnosed (type II) diabetic patients (70 men, 63 women), aged 45–64 yr, and in 144 randomly selected nondiabetic control subjects of similar age (62 men, 82 women). The serum total cholesterol levels in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects were similar, but the HDL-cholesterol levels were lower and the serum total triglyceride levels higher in the diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. No significant differences were found in apoprotein A-I and A-II levels between the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. After adjustment for age, alcohol intake, obesity, 2-h postglucose serum insulin, and serum triglycerides, male diabetic subjects still had lower HDL-cholesterol levels than corresponding nondiabetic subjects. On the other hand, female diabetic subjects had higher serum triglycerides than their nondiabetic counterparts, even after adjustment for age, alcohol intake, 2-h postglucose serum insulin, and obesity.
Airway obstruction after the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: M. Mohamed, R. Fernando, A. Arora
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 67 year old white woman presented to her family doctor in January 2013 with a small asymptomatic thyroid swelling. Her serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration was high (37 mIU/L; reference range 0.5-4.5) and serum free thyroxine was low (5.4 pmol/L; 10-21), consistent with a hypothyroid state. However, she had no clinical features of hypothyroidism. Ultrasonography of the neck showed diffuse hypoechoic enlargement of the thyroid gland, with no retrosternal extension. Her serum anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) value was also high (>600 kU/L; <35 kU/L). These features were suggestive of autoimmune (Hashimoto’s) thyroiditis. She was advised to take thyroxine tablets (100 µg) daily, and after two months her neck swelling reduced in size and her serum TSH concentration normalised (1.2 mU/L). 

However, four months later she noticed a rapid increase in neck swelling associated with dysphagia for solid foods, hoarseness of voice, and difficulty with breathing, for which she attended the emergency department of our hospital. She was a non-smoker and her medical history included hypertension, for which she was prescribed amlodipine. At that time she was still taking thyroxine and her TSH concentration was normal (2.6 mIU/L). 

On examination she had inspiratory stridor, with a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min and an oxygen saturation of 94% in room air. A large neck mass (10 cm) was visible, predominantly on the right side (fig 1⇓). Her systems examinations were normal and she had no palpable lymphadenopathy. Computed tomography of the neck showed enlargement of the right lobe of the thyroid gland, with narrowing of the larynx at the level of the piriform sinuses (fig 2⇓).



Fig 1 Patient showing a large neck mass, predominantly on the right side





Fig 2 Computed tomogram of the neck showing enlargement of the right lobe of the thyroid gland (yellow arrow), …
Intracellular pH regulation and Na + /H + exchange activity in human hepatic stellate cells: effect of platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin
Authors: Antonio Di Sario, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Emanuele Bendia, Francesco Ridolfi, Stefania Saccomanno, Laura Ugili, Luciano Trozzi, Marco Marzioni, Anne Marie Jezequel, Giampiero Macarri, Antonio Benedetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
THE AETIOLOGY OF PUERPERAL INFECTION
Authors: C. G. Paine
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Since there is now little doubt that haemolytic strepto- cocci cause the greater part of severe puerperal-morbidity, recent workers have largely investigated the methods by which these organisms are introduced into the genital tract.FitzGibbon and Bigger (1925), and Burt-White and Armstrong (1928), showed that the Streptococcus haemolyticus was a rare inhabitant of the vagina of the pregna;nt woman, and dedluced that infection by this organism was almost always exogenous.Kanter anid Pilot (1924) were the first to suggest that haemo- lytic streptococcal puerperal infection could be caused by droplet infection.Meleney and his co-wvorkers supported this viewv.King (1930) showed a close correlation between the fluctuations of haemolytic streptococcal puerperal infection anid of throat infection. Throat CarriageIt is well known that haemolytic streptococci are found in the throats of apparently normal people, but the per- centage of throat carriers varies with different observers (Table I).The Jessop Hospital, Norton, figures, giving T.sABLE I Percentage of Carriers of AutHTotalaeimolytic Strepl)tcocci Swabs Na.oplnarynx
The Efficacy of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine
Authors: P. Olin, J. Storsaeter, V. Romanus
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Reporting from a workshop at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md,<sup>1</sup>Mr Marwick stated that "the large Swedish field trial of two acellular pertussis vaccines<sup>2</sup>has not shown levels of efficacy high enough to make either vaccine a likely candidatefor immediate licensure in the United States." We can now report efficacy data from continued surveillance during the posttrial period Aug 27, 1987, to March 20, 1988, to elucidate protection over time and to discuss the effect of surveillance techniques on observed efficacy estimates. All laboratory-confirmed cases of pertussis among children born between March 1985 and September 1985 who participated in the efficacy trial have been identified from laboratory reports to the National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, and also from spontaneous parental reporting. Study nurses have interviewed parents about the course of illness using questions similar to those used in the main study. The parents
Acute Schistosomiasis Among Americans Rafting the Omo River, Ethiopia
Authors: Gregory R. Istre
Journal: JAMA (1984)

An outbreak of acute schistosomiasis occurred among a group of adventurers who took part in a rafting expedition on the Omo River in Ethiopia in November 1981. Six (55%) of the 11 members of the expedition experienced Schistosoma mansoni infection confirmed by stool examination. Five of these six had symptoms compatible with acute schistosomiasis. Eosinophilia was the most frequent sign of infection (five of six), and fever, the most common symptom (four of six). Despite medical evaluations, illnesses had remained undiagnosed until January 1982. This outbreak should alert physicians to the risk of schistosomiasis among travelers to this part of Africa and the difficulty of correct diagnosis early in the course of the disease.
Mid Staffordshire inquiry will advise on dangers of reform and how to avoid them
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A “tide of public anger” over what happened at Stafford Hospital will be assuaged only if the right measures to guarantee the safety of patients and the quality of care are identified and put in place, Robert Francis QC said in his closing remarks as chairman of the public inquiry into failings at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust.

In the 13 months that the inquiry had been sitting, serious concerns had surfaced elsewhere in the NHS in various reports, many of them “with disturbing echoes of what happened here,” said Mr Francis. “To the extent that it was ever thought to be the case, I do not think anyone now maintains that at least some of the appalling experiences of which I have heard are unique to Stafford.”

The challenge he faced was “to draw out the …
Downregulation of Human DAB2IP Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells Results in Resistance to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Zhaolu Kong, Daxing Xie, Thomas Boike, Pavithra Raghavan, Sandeep Burma, David J. Chen, Amyn A. Habib, Arup Chakraborty, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Debabrata Saha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

DAB2IP (DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein) is a member of the RAS-GTPase-activating protein family. It is often downregulated in metastatic prostate cancer and has been reported as a possible prognostic marker to predict the risk of aggressive prostate cancer. In this study, we furnish several lines of evidence indicating that metastatic human prostate cancer PC3 cells deficient in DAB2IP (shDAB2IP) exhibit increased clonogenic survival in response to ionizing radiation (IR) compared with control cells expressing an endogenous level of DAB2IP (shVector). Radioresistance was also observed in normal prostate cells that are deficient in DAB2IP. This enhanced resistance to IR in DAB2IP-deficient prostate cancer cells is primarily due to faster DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair kinetics. More than 90% of DSBs were repaired in shDAB2IP cells by 8 hours after 2 Gy radiation, whereas only 60% of DSB repair were completed in shVector cells at the same time. Second, upon irradiation, DAB2IP-deficient cells enforced a robust G(2)-M cell cycle checkpoint compared with control cells. Finally, shDAB2IP cells showed resistance to IR-induced apoptosis that could result from a striking decrease in the expression levels of proapoptotic proteins caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, and significantly higher levels of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and STAT3 than those in shVector cells. In summary, DAB2IP plays a significant role in prostate cell survival following IR exposure due to enhanced DSB repair, robust G(2)-M checkpoint control, and resistance to IR-induced apoptosis. Therefore, it is important to identify patients with dysregulated DAB2IP for (a) assessing prostate cancer risk and (b) alternative treatment regimens.