tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOLOGICALLY COMMITTED LYMPHOID CELLS ON MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY IN VIVO
Authors: G. B. Mackaness
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

It has been shown that the immune response of mice to infection with L. monocytogenes gives rise to a population of immunologically committed lymphoid cells which have the capacity to confer protection and a proportionate level of delayed-type hypersensitivity upon normal recipients. The cells were most numerous in the spleen on the 6th or 7th day of infection, but persisted for at least 20 days. Further study revealed that the immune cells must be alive in order to confer protection, and free to multiply in the tissues of the recipient if they are to provide maximum resistance to a challenge infection. The antibacterial resistance conferred with immune lymphoid cells is not due to antibacterial antibody; it is mediated indirectly through the macrophages of the recipient. These become activated by a process which appears to depend upon some form of specific interaction between the immune lymphoid cells and the infecting organism. This was deduced from the finding that immune lymphoid cells from BCG-immunized donors, which were highly but nonspecifically resistant to Listeria, failed to protect normal recipients against a Listeria challenge unless the recipients were also injected with an eliciting dose of BCG. The peritoneal macrophages of animals so treated developed the morphology and microbicidal features of activated macrophages. It is inferred that acquired resistance depends upon the activation of host macrophages through a product resulting from specific interaction between sensitized lymphoid cells and the organism or or its antigenic products. Discussion is also made of the possibility that activation of macrophages could be dependent upon antigenic stimulation of macrophages sensitized by a cytophilic antibody.
Blue Plans and Medical Necessity
Authors: Abraham Gelperin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  The  Plans Medical Necessity Program (241: 2607, 1979) is made mandatory not just by fiscal restraints, but also by the daily problems that arrive at the offices of the intermediaries for Medicare as well as the Blue Plans. I have just retired as medical consultant to Travelers, Railroad Retirement, part B Medicare, covering nine upper Midwest states, with offices in Lansing, Ill. We were fortunate in having two superb nurses who made initial decisions of problems brought to them, with those too inexplicable referred for a medical decision.  Following are a few examples that usually necessitated a telephone call to a physician even after receiving the requested operative report or progress notations on the hospital record: (1) Sometimes the diagnosis sent in was not related to examinations and tests; this was almost always due to the physician's failure to verify what his office had sent in.
Psychological aspects of lower urinary tract infections in women: Authors' reply
Authors: M. C Kelsey, D Sumners, I Chait
Journal: BMJ (1992)

resulting in inadequate monitoring of 21 patients.We have found that a mirrored counting chamber authors state that the difference in the means Secondly, urine output was not monitored in costing under £50 (Hawksley and Sons, Lancing, yielded a tstatistic of 1-998, which is significant. 34patients.Sussex) gives good definition and allows bacteria to Calculation of this statistic from their presented Thirdly, shocked patients (blood pressure be recognised easily even with a cheap light means and standard deviations, however, results in <100 mm Hg, postural drop in blood pressure, microscope.Phase contrast microscopy gives t= 1 8, which is not significant.thirst, tachycardia) were identified but not always optimum definition, and a relatively inexpensiveThe authors have assumed that patients pre- monitored as closely as they should have been.Of model is now available -namely, the updated senting with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract the eight shocked patients, four did not have a McArthur microscope (K W Kirk and Sons, who do not have a urinary tract infection have the urinary catheter, six received colloid in the first Milton, Cambridge), which has been around urethral syndrome.This is obviously incorrect as hour, and five received blood in the first four as a light microscope since 1974.This has the they have ignored the possibility of various other
A STUDY OF EIGHTEEN CONSECUTIVE CASES OF WHOOPING COUGH TREATED BY THE ELASTIC ABDOMINAL BELT.
Authors: THERON WENDELL KILMER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In June, 1903, I published an article entitled "Whooping Cough: A New Method of Treatment." This method consisted in the application of a slightly constricted silk elastic abdominal belt to all children having pertussis. The results attained at that time from a very few cases were of so startling a nature, that I determined to study a number of consecutive cases in detail and the results in this series of cases are now presented. These cases, it is to be remembered, are all consecutive. When a drug or a method of treating a disease is first brought forth, it is easy for the originator, if he select his cases, to prove that his new method is positively without flaw. Let him, however, report a chain of consecutive cases, and the weak links will be seen immediately. I therefore especially invite criticism of this new pertussal chain which it has been my pleasure to forge during the past few months. <h3>METHOD OF APPLICATION OF BELT.</h3> The method of applying the belt is as follows: A stockinette band is placed on a baby with whooping
FILAMENTOUS AGGREGATES IN PICK'S DISEASE, PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SHARE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS WITH MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN, TAU
Authors: NancyJ. Pollock, SuzanneS. Mirra, LesterI. Binder, LawrenceA. Hansen, JohnG. Wood
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Physical activity, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and survival from colorectal cancer
Authors: Andrew M Haydon, Robert J MacInnis, Dallas R English, Howard Morris, Graham G Giles
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Recent reports have shown that physical activity improves the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer as well as breast and prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms whereby physical activity reduces cancer mortality are not well established. <b>Methods:</b> Incident cases of colorectal cancer were identified among participants of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study of 41 528 Australians recruited from 1990 to 1994. Information on tumour site and stage, treatments given, recurrences, and deaths were obtained from systematic review of the medical records. Baseline assessments of physical activity and body size were made, and cases with available plasma had pre-diagnosis insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels measured. We assessed associations between these hormones and colorectal cancer specific deaths with respect to physical activity. <b>Results:</b> A total of 526 cases of colorectal cancer were identified, of which 443 had IGF-1/IGFBP-3 levels measured. Median follow up among survivors was 5.6 years. For the physically active, increasing IGFBP-3 by 26.2 nmol/l was associated with a 48% reduction in colorectal cancer specific deaths (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.52 (0.33–0.83); p = 0.006). No association was seen for IGF-1 (adjusted HR 0.90 (0.55–1.45); p = 0.65). For the physically inactive, neither IGF-1 nor IGFBP-3 was associated with disease specific survival. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study supports the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of physical activity in reducing colorectal cancer mortality may occur through interactions with the insulin-like growth factor axis and in particular IGFBP-3.
Left ventricular performance in the critically ill premature infant with patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary disease.
Authors: B Baylen, R A Meyer, J Korfhagen, G Benzing, M E Bubb, S Kaplan
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Left cardiac dimensions and an index of left ventricular performance, the percent shortening of the internal diameter (%SID) of the left ventricle, were evaluated in premature infants who were asymptomatic, others with pulmonary disease and others with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In contrast to controls, left atrial and/or left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions were increased in all infants with clinical criteria of significant PDA. Postoperative dimensions decreased significantly. Percent SID values for normal premature infants (m=33.5%; SD=3.5%) and those with pulmonary disease alone did not differ significantly. In those with clinical criteria of PDA, who were subsequently found to have echocardiographic evidence of left cardiac enlargement, values for %SID were increased. As expected %SID values for individual patients represented a wider range of left ventricular function and/or afterload than for controls. Upon spontaneous or surgical closure of the PDA, %SID returned to normal. A PDA which is associated with left cardiac enlargement exhibits increased %SID, whereas decreasing %SID in the presence of increased dimensions suggests deteriorating myocardial performance. Echocardiography provides valuable insight into the cardiac status of these infants and may contribute to their medical and/or surgical management.
PREOPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PREDICTS INCREASED MORTALITY AFTER PERICARDIECTOMY FOR CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS
Authors: Faisal F. Syed, Rowlens M. Melduni, Lieng H. Ling, Hartzell V. Schaff, Jae K. Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Additive Effects of Combined Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin II Antagonism on Blood Pressure and Renin Release in Sodium-Depleted Normotensives
Authors: Michel Azizi, Gilles Chatellier, Thanh-Tam Guyene, Dalia Murieta-Geoffroy, Joël Ménard
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do not decrease plasma angiotensin (Ang) II levels 24 hours after drug intake to the same extent as at peak. This intermittent partial “escape” is explained either by a renin-mediated reactive rise in plasma Ang I or by non–ACE-dependent Ang II generation. We therefore tested the hypothesis that a combination of ACE inhibition and Ang II blockade may have additive biological and hemodynamic effects. Methods and Results In a single-dose, double-blind, randomized, four-way, crossover study, an Ang II antagonist (losartan 50 mg), an ACE inhibitor (captopril 50 mg), their combination, and matched placebos were orally administered to 12 normotensive male volunteers maintained in mild sodium depletion. When captopril 50 mg and losartan 50 mg were given alone, the magnitude of their effects on blood pressure, plasma active renin, Ang I, and aldosterone was similar, whereas the kinetics of their effects were different, reflecting differences in drug pharmacokinetics. The losartan-captopril combination completely suppressed the rise in plasma Ang II induced by losartan 2 hours after drug intake (3.3±3.6 pg/mL versus 20.3±19.1 pg/mL, respectively, P &lt;.05). Six hours after drug intake, the losartan-captopril combination induced a significantly greater decrease in mean blood pressure than that produced by either losartan or captopril alone (73±7 mm Hg versus 79±8 mm Hg versus 81±7 mm Hg, respectively, P &lt;.05). The maximum placebo-subtracted falls in mean blood pressure for the losartan-captopril combination, captopril 50 mg, and losartan 50 mg were 14±5 mm Hg, 10±3 mm Hg, and 9±6 mm Hg, respectively (F2.22=3.45, P &lt;.05). The duration of the mean blood pressure fall was not prolonged by the combination. After combined losartan-captopril administration, the area under the plasma active renin versus time curve (0 to 24 hours) was significantly increased when compared with either losartan or captopril alone (6404±2961 pg · h · mL −1 versus 3105±1461 pg · h · mL −1 versus 2092±867 pg · h · mL −1 , respectively, P &lt;.05). The combination had no additive effects on plasma aldosterone decrease when compared with either losartan or captopril alone (58±17% versus 51±20% versus 53±21%, respectively, NS). Conclusions The combined administration of a standard single oral dose of an ACE inhibitor and an Ang II antagonist to mildly sodium-depleted normal subjects (1) had a major additive effect on plasma renin rise, (2) induced an additional mean blood pressure reduction, and (3) had no additive effect on plasma aldosterone fall.
Tc-99m-Labeled Nonspecific Polyclonal Human Immunoglobulin G Is Taken Up by Malignant Tumors
Authors: ANGELIKA ARKA, CUMALI AKTOLUN, CALVIN GOODEN, AGAMEMNON EPENETOS, ANASTASIOS PAPADIMITRIOU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A new agent originally introduced for localizing inflammatory lesions is Tc-99m human immunoglobulin G (HIG). Recently, focal uptake of this agent was seen in malignant lesions in a limited number of patients during inflammation imaging studies. In this prospective clinical study, the authors aimed to evaluate the uptake of Tc-99m HIG in malignant lesions. Nineteen patients with histopathologically proven malignant tumors were studied (seven had distant metastases, the primary tumor was surgically removed in two). There was no evidence of inflammation or infection in any patient. The authors imaged patients at 1,4, and 24 hours after injection. The dose was 15–20 mCI (555–740 MBq). Focal uptake was detected in the primary tumor in six patients and in the metastases in five patients, raising some question about the specificity of Tc-99m HIG imaging for the detection of inflammation and infection.
Epidemiology of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in Europe: accurate and comparable data are needed for effective public health monitoring and interventions
Authors: M. Trakatelli, C. Ulrich, V. del Marmol, S. Euvrard, E. Stockfleth, D. Abeni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Summary Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy occurring in white populations. It is currently becoming an important challenge in terms of public health management as the increasing incidence rates will probably have a tremendous impact on healthcare costs. Possible factors driving this rise in NMSC numbers are increases in both acute and prolonged UV exposure together with increasing numbers of older people in the population. A better understanding of NMSC epidemiology in Europe is essential if an evidence-based European-wide public health policy is to be developed. It is obvious this can only be achieved by recording and analysing comparative epidemiological data. Finally, by improving the skin examination training for physicians, developing guidelines and exchanging best practices, a high level of healthcare could be provided for NMSC.
Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in oral contraceptive hypertension.
Authors: S G Rockson, R A Stone, J C Gunnells, S M Schanberg, N Kirshner, R R Robinson
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relative contribution of changes in sympathetic nervous system activity, as reflected by changes in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, to the pathogenesis of oral contraceptive-induced hypertension. Precontraceptive and serial post contraceptive determinations of blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), DBH activity, and changes in body weight were obtained in twelve control patients and forty-one oral contraceptive users. Forty-four percent of oral contraceptive users had increases in blood pressure but remained normotensive and 17% became frankly hypertensive. The precontraceptive and average post contraceptive levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP), PRA and DBH activity in each patient were compared using paired group analysis. Control patients (group I) exhibited no significant changes in these variables, while the patients with contraceptive-induced increases in MAP (groups III and IV) underwent significant, parallel increases in DBH activity. Finally, the linear regression of changes in MAP on the percent change in DBH activity was examined. The positive slopes in groups III and IV differed significantly from the negative slope of the controls (group I). The data have been interpreted to reflect an inappropriate oral contraceptive-induced stimulus to sympathetic nervous system activity, leading to increases in MAP in susceptible individuals.
THE EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE CULTIVATION OF THE MENINGOCOCCUS
Authors: Frederick L. Gates
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

The meningococcus is not a "microaerophile." It grows equally well in atmospheres containing from 15 to 40 per cent oxygen. If small amounts of carbon dioxide affect the growth of the meningococcus on an artificial medium it is by changing the reaction of the medium, not by slightly reducing the oxygen tension of the surrounding air. The fallibility of titrating the total acidity of a medium is again clearly demonstrated. A reaction favorable to the meningococcus cannot be determined from the total titratable acidity but depends solely upon the hydrogen ion concentration of the medium. The optimum for the meningococcus is approximately at pH 7.4. The value of a moist chamber in the cultivation of the meningococcus is shown by unusually luxuriant growth when other conditions are also favorable.
Role of premature leptin surge in obesity resulting from intrauterine undernutrition
Authors: Shigeo Yura, Hiroaki Itoh, Norimasa Sagawa, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Kazuwa Nakao, Makoto Kawamura, Maki Takemura, Kazuyo Kakui, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Shingo Fujii
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2005)
Automated History Taking in Child Psychiatry
Authors: R. DEAN CODDINGTON, THOMAS L. KING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

A pilot project investigated the feasibility of using the computer as a screening device in child psychiatry. Mothers were asked to carry on a dialogue with the computer, providing it with data regarding their child's behavior. The procedure was generally acceptable to the mothers, and the data proved useful in distinguishing normal controls from a patient group. The authors conclude that this is indeed a feasible use of the computer.
India outlaws trade in human organs
Authors: G Nandan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Indian parliament has passed a landmark bill that outlaws trade in human organs and redefines death to allow organs to be taken from donors certified as brain stem dead. The Transplantation of Human Organs Bill, approved by parliament last week, is intended to put an end to India's thriving trade in human organs. The bill will pave the way for India's first liver and heart transplant operations and is also expected to make more kidneys available for transplantation. Parliamentary approval of the bill comes after five years of a nationwide campaign by the medical community and nongovernment organisations opposed to …
The Rule-breaker's Personality
Authors: D. J. West
Journal: BMJ (1964)

81), racial interest, and class interest.It also includes accounts of intermediary purine metabolism, renal physiology, and pharmaco- logy, and above all is a guide to clinical prac- tice, including diagnosis and treatment.One major subject to which reference is lacking is that of the results of a population survey produced by Popert and Hewitt (1962), when for the first time some estimate of the incidence of hyperuricaemia and gout in an urban and a rural population was given, to- gether with information on familial involvement.This is all the more important because of the fallacies inherent in genetic studies on hospital-referred patients.Though recent observations on the role of the urate crystal in acute attacks are cited, illustrations of urate crystals and of the pathological appearances have been omitted from this edition.This would be analogous to a performance of Hamlet without the Prince, if it were not that the urate crystal is ubiquitously presented in the text.What is always so fascinating and well brought out in the historical introduction is that gout was recognized as a syndrome from 460 B.c. and the participation of urate crystals only in the last decade of the eighteenth century.Another 160 years passed before we began to understand how the crystals produce gout E. G. L. BYWATERS.
Activation of nuclear factor B in colonic mucosa from patients with collagenous and ulcerative colitis
Authors: L Andresen
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is greatly upregulated in the colonic mucosa of patients with collagenous and ulcerative colitis. As the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NFκB) is a major inducer of iNOS gene expression, we compared activation and transcriptional activity of NFκB in colonic mucosal biopsies from these patients. <b>Patients:</b> Eight patients with collagenous colitis, six with relapsing ulcerative colitis, and eight with uninflamed bowel were studied. <b>Methods:</b> NFκB DNA binding activity was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and inhibitor of NFκB (IκB) kinase (IKK) activity by immunocomplex kinase assay. In vivo recruitment of NFκB to the iNOS promoter was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and transcriptional activity by NFκB gene expression profiling arrays. Cells showing NFκB activation were identified by immunohistochemistry. <b>Results:</b> In collagenous and ulcerative colitis, as opposed to uninflamed bowel, IKKβ activity and strong NFκB DNA binding gave rise to activation of identical NFκB subunits and recruitment of transcriptionally active p65 to the iNOS promoter. In collagenous colitis, activated NFκB was observed only in epithelial cells while up to 10% of lamina propria macrophages showed activation in ulcerative colitis. <b>Conclusions:</b> In collagenous and ulcerative colitis, colonic mucosal NFκB is activated and recruited to the iNOS promoter in vivo via an IKKβ mediated pathway. As collagenous colitis is not associated with tissue injury, these data challenge the prevailing view that activation of NFκB per se mediates tissue injury. Our results suggest that downstream inflammatory reactions leading to tissue damage originate in lamina propria immune cells, as increased NFκB activity in collagenous colitis was localised solely in epithelial cells, but present also in macrophages in ulcerative colitis.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding from an Unusual Etiology
Authors: MARK SCHNEIDER, MICHAEL E. SIEGEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A 42-year-old man was admitted with hematochezia. Approximately one hour prior to admission, this industrial worker was attempting to disengage a jammed staple gun when a staple dislodged accidently. Approximately one-half hour later, he noted bright red blood per rectum. Shortly after admittance an emergency gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy study was performed. Ten mCi of in vitro labeled Tc-99m RBCs were injected. Sequential 500 K images were obtained over the abdomen every 5 minutes for 40 minutes. Three representative images are shown, demonstrating active gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient was taken to the operating room where a distal jejunal bleed was seen. Enterostomy was performed and the vessel was ligated. This interesting case demonstrates the pathophysiology of an unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.