tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined Cancer Photothermal-Chemotherapy Based on Doxorubicin/Gold Nanorod-Loaded Polymersomes
Authors: JinFeng Liao, WenTing Li, JinRong Peng, Qian Yang, He Li, YuQuan Wei, XiaoNing Zhang, ZhiYong Qian
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Gold nanorods (GNRs) are well known in photothermal therapy based on near-infrared (NIR) laser absorption of the longitudinal plasmon band.Herein, we developed an effective stimulus system --GNRs and doxorubicin co-loaded polymersomes (P-GNRs-DOX) --to facilitate co-therapy of photothermal and chemotherapy.DOX can be triggered to release once the polymersomes are corrupted under local hyperthermic condition of GNRs induced by NIR laser irradiation.Also, the cytotoxicity of GNRs caused by the residual cetyltrimethylacmmonium bromide (CTAB) was reduced by shielding the polymersomes.The GNRs-loaded polymersomes (P-GNRs) can be efficiently taken up by the tumor cells.The distribution of the nanomaterial was imaged by IR-820 and quantitatively analyzed by ICP-AES.We studied the ablation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and found that co-therapy offers significantly improved therapeutic efficacy (tumors were eliminated without regrowth.)compared with chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone.By TUNEL immunofluorescent staining of tumors after NIR laser irradiation, we found that the co-therapy showed more apoptotic tumor cells than the other groups.Furthermore, the toxicity study by pathologic examination of the heart tissues demonstrated a lower systematic toxicity of P-GNRs-DOX than free DOX.Thus, the chemo-photothermal treatment based on polymersomes loaded with DOX and GNRs is a useful strategy for maximizing the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing the dosage-related side effects in the treatment of solid tumors.
Ketoconazole Therapy for Endemic Blastomycosis
Authors: ROBERT W. BRADSHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Amphotericin B is effective in therapy for blastomycosis but causes a number of serious adverse reactions. Because ketoconazole has in-vitro activity against Blastomyces dermatitidis, we administered this agent in a dosage of 400 mg/d to 46 patients with blastomycosis, with 43 patients receiving at least 1 month of therapy. Thirty-five patients had cure without relapse over a mean follow-up of 17 months. Six had a relapse of infection but 4 of these had been noncompliant with therapy. Two patients improved initially but ultimately had progression of disease despite maintenance of adequate serum levels. Adverse effects were common but not severe. Three patients with extensive infection died—2 had received only one dose of ketoconazole and 1 had received therapy for only 2 weeks. The cure rate in these patients suggests that ketoconazole may replace amphotericin B as the initial treatment of blastomycosis that is not overwhelming.
Foreign Material and Postoperative Adhesions
Authors: Lauri Saxén, Hannu Myllärniemi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A PROBLEM of major importance in abdominal surgery is the prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions with their sequelae. It has been estimated that approximately 10 per cent of repeat laparotomies are performed because adhesions have caused intestinal obstruction and, on the other hand, that in 70 to 90 per cent of adhesive obstructions a connection with previous laparotomies can be established. This high frequency of adhesions and their serious consequences makes it imperative that more attention should be paid to their prevention, which can only be realized when the causative factors are known and the mechanism of adhesion formation understood. The . . .
Situs Inversus of the Abdominal Viscera with Levocardia
Authors: MAURICE D. YOUNG, HERBERT E. GRISWOLD
Journal: Circulation (1951)

A search of the literature has revealed the reports of only 14 cases of situs inversus of the abdominal viscera with levocardia. Eight additional cases are presented in this paper. Angiocardiography and/or heart catheterization was carried out on 6 of these and a Blalock-Taussig operation was performed subsequently on each patient. The autopsy findings in 2 instances, together with the results of special investigations in surviving patients, indicate that the malformations are of a bizarre nature. Anomalies of the venous return to the heart are particularly common and variable degrees of transposition of the great vessels are postulated.
Library for University of Hanoi
Authors: P. Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1972)

As acute gastritis most commonly results from extrinsic irritants, it seems reasonable to postulate that the levo-dopa may have been the cause of the bleeding in this man's case.The rarity of this complication, and its occurrence in our patient without any pre- vious evidence of gastric disorder, suggests an idiosyncratic response as a possible mechanism.-I am, etc.,
Abstract 1214: Effects of dovitinib on fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) expressing pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hao Zhang, Bonnie Hylander, Charles LeVea, Elizabeth Repasky, Robert Straubinger, Alex Adjei, Wen Wee Ma
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction. FGF signaling has been implicated in pancreatic cancer (PC) tumorigenesis and tumor-stromal interactions. Dovitinib is a potent inhibitor of the FGF receptors. We examined the effect of dovitinib in pancreatic cancer in relation to tumor FGFR2 expression using cell lines and patient-derived primary PC models. Methods. FGFR2 expression in 6 PC cell lines (L3.6PL, Panc4.30, AsPC1, Panc2.13, SU86.86, Panc02.03) and 13 patient-derived primary PC tumors was assessed using immunoblotting and RT-PCR. Dovitinib efficacy was assessed in vitro following FGF2 stimulation (IC50 &amp;lt; 10 μM). Contribution by FGF signaling inhibition was evaluated by knockdown and constitutive activation of FRS2, Mcl-1 and Akt. Effects on downstream signaling pathways were evaluated by immunoblotting. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with dovitinib 40mg/kg (daily oral gavage) and tumor growth was measured. Effects of dovitinib in tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (H&amp;E, ki67, TUNEL, CD34, aSMA, collagen IV). Results. Dovitinib and FRS2 shRNA induced significant in vitro cell kill in bFGF-stimulated PC cell lines that had elevated FGFR2 mRNA expression. This was associated with inhibition of p-Akt and decreased Mcl-1 level in sensitive PC cells. Ectopic Mcl-1 and constitutively active Akt1 overexpression reversed the sensitivity whereas Mcl-1 knockdown sensitized resistant PC cells to dovitinib-induced apoptosis. In in vivo xenograft studies, compared to controls, dovitinib caused significant growth inhibition in high FGFR2 mRNA expressing PC (L3.6PL; T/C=0 after 10 days) but not low expressing PC (SU86.86; T/C=0.8 after 28 days). We then selected a primary tumor with high FGFR2 mRNA expression (#12424), which dovitinib exerted anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, causing significant growth inhibition (T/C=0.1 after 28 days), with reduced tumor-associated stroma and microvessel density at ≤ 20 mg/kg in a dose-dependent manner. Dovitinib caused only moderate tumor growth inhibition in #10978 (T/C= 0.78), a low FGFR2 mRNA expressing primary tumor. Conclusions. Dovitinib demonstrated significant anti-tumor efficacy that was mediated via the Akt/Mcl-1 pathway, and this effect was dependent on FGFR2 activity. We propose that FGFR2 mRNA level may be a predictive marker for efficacy of dovitinib in PC, and will be evaluated in an on-going clinical trial using a dovitinib-containing regimen. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1214. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1214
Targeting mesoporous silica-encapsulated gold nanorods for chemo-photothermal therapy with near-infrared radiation
Authors: Shun Shen, Hongyan Tang, Xiaotong Zhang, Jinfeng Ren, Zhiqing Pang, Dangge Wang, Huile Gao, Yong Qian, Xinguo Jiang, Wuli Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Prostate Cancer Transmitted in an Orthotopic Heart Transplant-Reply
Authors: Evan Loh
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to Drs Kohr and Pollack, when harvesting the liver or kidneys, an extensive exploratory laparotomy is performed to look for abnormalities prior to cross clamping, and this was done in this case, with no abnormality found. The article by Rosenthal et al<sup>1</sup>that Pollack cites in his letter reports mobilization of the ureters prior to harvest, but this is in the context of kidney procurement alone, not multiorgan procurements. We, as well as the majority of transplant surgeons, use the rapid flush techique<sup>2</sup>and consider it a standard and accepted method of practice. It is routine practice at our institution to perform the rapid flush technique with the majority of the dissection following cold flush for multiorgan procurements. By the time the ureters are thoroughly dissected deep in the pelvis and the kidneys are harvested, the heart has been removed and is on its way back
The influence of cold stress on the myosin heavy chain expression of cardiac and smooth muscle in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive female rats.
Authors: K Adler, P Boels, U Ganten, D Ganten, I Morano
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Cold exposure (6 weeks at 4 degrees C) of normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive female rats led to cardiac hypertrophy (in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats), increased the level of plasma thyroxine, and increased the alpha-myosin heavy chain expression in the left ventricle. In contrast, myosin heavy chain expression of both main mesenteric artery and uterus was not affected by cold stress and chronic hypertension, suggesting different regulation of myosin heavy chain expression in smooth and cardiac muscle in vivo.
Adolescents are building up health problems for the future
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Adolescents are taking risks that could effect their future health and that could swamp medical services in years to come unless appropriate interventions are made now, warn doctors.

Children and young adults aged between 11 and 19 years are eating unhealthy diets and not taking enough exercise, and more than one in five is overweight or obese, says the BMA's board of science and education, in a report entitled Adolescent Health …
Molecular profiles of IgE to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy: Implications for specific immunotherapy
Authors: Salvatore Tripodi, Tullio Frediani, Sandra Lucarelli, Francesco Macrì, Giuseppe Pingitore, Andrea Di Rienzo Businco, Arianna Dondi, Paola Pansa, Giovanni Ragusa, Riccardo Asero, Diego Faggian, Mario Plebani, Paolo Maria Matricardi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Influence of bacterial vaginosis on conception and miscarriage in the first trimester: cohort study
Authors: S G Ralph, A J Rutherford, J D Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To assess whether bacterial vaginosis affects the rates of conception and miscarriage in the first trimester.Cohort study.Assisted conception unit of a teaching hospital in Leeds.867 consecutive women undergoing in vitro fertilisation.Screening for bacterial vaginosis with a Gram stained vaginal smear before egg collection.The presence of bacterial vaginosis or normal vaginal flora, and the rate of conception and miscarriage in the first trimester.190 of 771 (24.6%) women had bacterial vaginosis. No difference in conception rate was found between those women with bacterial vaginosis and those with normal vaginal flora: 61 women (32.1%) and 146 of 493 women (29.6%) respectively (relative risk 1. 08, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 1.39; odds ratio 1.12, 0.77 to 1. 64). However, 22 women (31.6%) with bacterial vaginosis who conceived had a significantly increased risk of miscarriage in the first trimester compared with 27 women (18.5%) with normal vaginal flora (crude relative risk 1.95, 1.11 to 3.42; crude odds ratio 2.49, 1.21 to 5.12). This increased risk remained significant after adjustment for factors known to increase the rate of miscarriage: increasing maternal age, smoking, history of three or more miscarriages, no previous live birth, and polycystic ovaries (adjusted relative risk 2.03, 1.09 to 3.78; adjusted odds ratio 2.67, 1.26 to 5.63).Bacterial vaginosis does not affect conception but is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage in the first trimester in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation, independent of other risk factors.
Study of United Kingdom product licence applications containing new active substances, 1987-9.
Authors: M D Rawlins, D B Jefferys
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To investigate the fate of product licence applications containing new active substances in relation to their degree of innovation and therapeutic category. To assess the numbers of volunteers and patients exposed to a new active substance when marketing autorisation is first sought.Observational study of records for each licence application submitted to the United Kingdom licensing authority for marketing authorisation from 1987 to 1989.118 product licence applications containing one or more new active substances.Success of application for product licence as assessed by the decision of the Committee on Safety of Medicines to advise the granting of a licence (with or without conditions) or provisionally advise its refusal on the grounds of quality, safety, or efficacy. Assessment of numbers of volunteers and patients exposed to each substance during premarketing studies and clinical trials, and the numbers of treated patients available for an assessment of safety.118 relevant product licence applications were submitted during the review. Although 60% (52/86) of semi-innovative products fell into one of three therapeutic categories (cardiovascular, central nervous system, or anti-infective agents), only 41% (13/32) of fully innovative products fell into these categories. 47 applications were granted (conditionally or unconditionally) but the success rate for fully innovative products (56%, 18/32) was greater than that for semi-innovative products (34%, 29/86). The number of volunteers and patients exposed to a new product at submission varied widely and tended to be greater for successful applications.The results suggest a broadening of the pharmaceutical industry's research and development programmes and that a more liberal licensing policy exists for fully innovative products than for semi-innovative products. The relatively limited exposure of patients to new active substances at licensing underlines the importance of rigorous postmarketing surveillance.
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values in the 'Sensitivity and Specificity of Clinical Diagnostics'
Authors: Andrew Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—   article entitled The Sensitivity and Specificity of Clinical Diagnostics During Five Decades: Toward an Understanding of Necessary Fallibility1fueled a spirited discussion in our journal club. For this I heartily congratulate the authors.   article splendidly illustrates some problems with the medical literature.  authors introduced an interesting idea that could have been the subject of a brief essay or op-ed, but the idea was presented as a scientific article complete with data and Methods, Results, and Comment sections.  result was turgid pseudo-science, posing as meta-analysis, which added nothing to the body of knowledge of science and contributed little to its understanding.   studies, directly compared, ranged from autopsy rates of 96% to 23% to unknown; clinical diagnosis ranged from collaboration between clinician and pathologist to (presumably) routine completion of death certificates; the studies span the Atlantic; and no information is given about the
Schedule-Dependent Cytotoxic Interaction between Epidoxorubicin and Gemcitabine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b>
Authors: Wainer Zoli, Luca Ricotti, Anna Tesei, Paola Ulivi, Anna Gasperi Campani, Francesco Fabbri, Roberta Gunelli, Giovanni Luca Frassineti, Dino Amadori
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of epidoxorubicin (EPI) and gemcitabine (GEM) and to define the most effective schedule in human bladder cancer cells. Experimental Design: The study was performed on HT1376 and MCR cell lines. Cells were exposed for 1 and 24 h to drugs used in different schemes. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the sulforhodamine B assay, potential clinical activity was estimated by relative antitumor activity, and the type of drug interaction was assessed using the method of Chou and Talalay. Cell cycle perturbations and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry; BAX, BCL-2, and P53 expression was evaluated by Western blot; and DNA damage was assessed using the alkaline Comet assay. Results: EPI and GEM produced a cytotoxic effect in both cell lines, with 50% inhibitory concentration and relative antitumor activity values suggestive of a high clinical activity. Simultaneous treatment with EPI and GEM and the sequence GEM→EPI caused an antagonistic interaction (combination index &amp;gt; 1) after both 1- and 24-h treatments. Conversely, the inverse sequence, EPI→GEM, produced a synergistic interaction that was more pronounced in MCR cells than in HT1376 cells. The increase in DNA-damaged cells from 10% to 20% after single-drug exposure to 40–60% at the end of EPI→GEM treatment may explain the synergistic interaction produced by the anthracycline-antimetabolite sequence. Conclusions: Our findings show that the efficacy of the EPI and GEM combination is highly schedule dependent and indicate that the most active scheme is EPI followed by GEM, which is currently being validated in an ongoing intravesical Phase I-II clinical protocol.
POLLEN THERAPY WITH PROTEIN-FREE EXTRACTS
Authors: J. H. BLACK
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Grove and Coca<sup>1</sup>called attention to the fact that ragweed pollen extracts may be freed from their protein content and yet remain active, as determined by skin tests on sensitive persons. One of us<sup>2</sup>has reported similar results and shown that, after the removal of all protein, the pollen extract remains quantitatively active, as determined by the instillation of the extract into the nostrils of a sensitive person. It was also shown that the component which acts as the antigen when pollen extracts are used in complement fixation tests is removed by protein digestion and, while the extract is no longer antigenically active, its symptom producing power is undiminished. Evidence was presented that the nitrogen content of extracts does not parallel the activity of the pollen intranasally. Additional verification of the latter statement may be found in the following: A well known biologic house made extracts of ragweed
Multifocal Osteomyelitis in Childhood
Authors: ROBERT HOWMAN-GILES, ROGER UREN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Multifocal osteomyelitis is considered an uncommon complication of acute osteomyelitis. Over a 3-year period, 136 infants and children who had a final diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis were reviewed, and multifocal osteomyelitis was detected in 27 (19%) patients. The major age peak of acute osteomyelitis was between 6 weeks and 3 years (46%). Two age peaks were found for multifocal disease—less than 6 weeks (38%), and 9 to 12 years (44%). Three patients with multifocal disease had septicemia and photon-deficient areas on bone scans. Another adolescent group had nonspecific bone and joint pain that in some cases persisted for more than 3 months and were finally diagnosed as multifocal osteomyelitis. Organisms were isolated in 15/27 (56%). Muitifocal osteomyelitis is well recognized in the neonatel age group. However, it occurs more commonly than previously described in older patients. This higher incidence can most likely be attributed to the higher use of the radionuclide bone scan early in the disease and the high sensitivity of the scan for the detection of osteomyelitis.
The York acupuncture safety study: prospective survey of 34 000 treatments by traditional acupuncturists
Authors: H. MacPherson, K. Thomas, S. Walters, M. Fitter
Journal: BMJ (2001)

significant.These event rates are per consultation, and they do not give the risk per individual patient.Demographic data suggest that the acupuncturist volunteers were reasonably representative of the mem-bers of the two societies, but over-reporting and underreporting are inherently possible in such studies.High individual rates may be due to a low personal threshold for reporting, or they may indicate the need for further training of the acupuncturist.Some avoidable adverse events occurred, and acupuncturists might consider modifying their practice to reduce the incidence of such events.We thank members of the British Medical Acupuncture Society and the Acupuncture Association of Chartered Physiotherapists for collecting data, Mike Fitter and Hugh MacPherson for advice in designing the questionnaire, and Val Hopwood for help in recruiting volunteers.Contributors: EE, SH, and AW planned the study, which was supervised by AW.The data were collected by members of the British Medical Acupuncture Society and the Acupuncture Association of Chartered Physiotherapists.The results were collated by AW
Inhibition of calcium influx in isolated adult rat heart cells by ATP depletion.
Authors: R A Haworth, A B Goknur, D R Hunter, J O Hegge, H A Berkoff
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Using 45Ca, indo1, and quin2, calcium uptake was measured in isolated quiescent adult rat heart cells under different metabolic conditions. Exposure of cells in a medium containing 1 mM CaCl2 to rotenone and uncoupler resulted in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion from 17.08 +/- 2.26 to 0.63 +/- 0.11 nmol/mg within 8 minutes, and the cells went into contracture. In this time, the cells lost 1.65 +/- 0.1 nmol Ca/mg of total rapidly exchangeable cellular calcium, and the level of free cytosolic calcium as measured by indo1 rose from 47.4 +/- 16.3 nM to 79.8 +/- 27.6 nM. The subsequent rate of rise of intracellular free calcium concentration was just 4 nM/min for at least 40 minutes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ATP depletion on the rate of calcium entry. In cells loaded with sodium by ouabain treatment without calcium, the initial rate of calcium influx on calcium addition was inhibited by 82-84% when cellular ATP was depleted, as measured by 45Ca or indo1. Quin2 also showed a strong inhibition of calcium influx by ATP depletion, but itself also caused a strong inhibition of calcium influx. The rate of calcium influx declined even further in ATP-depleted cells after the initial influx: Between 1 and 12 minutes after calcium addition, the residual 45Ca uptake rate of the first minute was inhibited by an additional 90%. We conclude that ATP depletion per se does not quickly elevate cytoplasmic free calcium and that such an elevation is prevented by a very strong inhibition of the rate of calcium entry.
Minocycline and Black Thyroid
Authors: Retna A. Billano
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THYROID pigmentation was discovered during surgical exploration for nodular thyroid in a patient who had been taking minocycline hydrochloride for six years. Total thyroidectomy was performed. Preoperative thyroid function studies had given results within normal limits.  Report of a Case  A 37-year-old woman was first seen in September 1980 for asymptomatic palpable thyroid nodule. Results of thyroid function studies—thyroxine level, triiodothyronine resin uptake, and thyroid-binding capacity—were within normal limits. Thyroid uptake scan demonstrated a right-lobe nodule of the same density as the surrounding thyroid. She was given levothyroxine sodium, 0.5 mg/day, with no subsequent change in the mass. The patient was admitted to the Baptist Medical Centers, Birmingham, Ala, in March 1981 for surgical resection. At surgery, the thyroid was noted to be uniformly black and to have a bosselated surface. A portion of the right thyroid was resected and submitted for frozen-section examination. The frozen section was interpreted as