tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic effect of calreticulin mutations in patients with myelofibrosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: V Panagiota, F Thol, B Markus, B Fehse, H Alchalby, A Badbaran, U Lehmann, C Koenecke, R Shahswar, A Chaturvedi, M Stadler, M Eder, G Göhring, M Koenigsmann, A Kloos, A Trummer, T Schroeder, G Kobbe, C Thiede, U Platzbecker, B Schlegelberger, H-H Kreipe, A Ganser, N Kröger, M Heuser
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Nobel medicine prize is won by scientists for work on chromosomal telomeres
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As widely predicted, the 2009 Nobel prize in physiology or medicine has been awarded to one Australian and two US biologists for their work on the role of telomeres, the molecular caps that lie at the end of each of the chromosomes. Understanding the purpose and actions of telomeres has implications ranging from ageing to cancer.

The winners, who share a prize usually worth about 10 million Swedish kronor (£0.9m; €1m; $1.4m), are Carol Greider of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Elizabeth Blackburn, an Australian who is now at the …
Allograft rejection in pediatric recipients of living related liver transplants
Authors: E M Alonso, J B Piper, G Echols, J R Thistlethwaite, P F Whitington
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of rejection episodes in a group of children receiving living related orthotopic liver transplants (LRLT) versus children receiving cadaveric liver transplants (CLT). Thirty-eight patients received primary LRLT and 54 patients received CLT during a 3-year period ending June 1993. Baseline immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporin, azathioprine, and corticosteroids. Rejection episodes were confirmed by liver histology and were treated initially with pulse intravenous methylprednisolone, 10 mg/kg/d for 3 days. Steroid-resistant rejection was treated with OKT3 or FK506. The median patient ages were 1.3 years for the CLT and .8 years for the LRLT recipients. Acute cellular rejection developed in 78% of the CLT grafts and 74% of the LRLT grafts (P = ns). However, steroid-resistant rejection was significantly less frequent in the LRLT recipients, 13% versus 43% in the CLT recipients ( P &lt; .01). Ductopenic rejection was diagnosed in 20% of CLT and 8% of LRLT grafts ( P &lt; .10), and graft loss caused by rejection was 9% in the CLT and 3% in the LRLT group ( P = ns). In conclusion, the overall incidence of rejection is the same in LRLT and CLT recipients, but LRLT recipients are less likely than CLT recipients to develop steroid-resistant rejection or ductopenic rejection.
A major crossreactive idiotype associated with human antibodies to the Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide. Expression in relation to age and immunoglobulin G subclass.
Authors: A H Lucas, D M Granoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Using idiotypic analysis, we examined the variable (V) region diversity of human antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib PS). A goat anti-idiotypic serum (anti-Id) was prepared against anti-Hib PS antibodies isolated from the serum of an adult immunized with Hib PS. The anti-Id bound donor anti-Hib PS antibodies and inhibited Hib PS binding of donor anti-Hib PS. In contrast, the anti-Id did not bind donor or pooled Ig depleted of Hib PS antibodies, nor did it inhibit antigen binding of human antibodies to pneumococcal PS's, meningococcal A PS or diphtheria toxoid. Crossreactive idiotype (CRI), as measured by anti-Id inhibition of Hib PS binding, was found in 74 of 98 subjects (76%) vaccinated with Hib PS at 1.7-57 yr of age. 60 of these 74 subjects had greater than 50% of their serum Hib PS-binding activity inhibited by anti-Id. No correlation was found between age and CRI expression. In subjects showing both IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses, CRI was most frequently detected in both subclasses (71% of subjects). CRI was limited to either IgG1 or IgG2 in 19% of subjects, a finding suggestive of independent B cell lineages. 13 of 15 infants less than 17 mo of age, who responded to Hib PS-outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine, had greater than 50% of their serum anti-Hib PS antibody activity inhibited by anti-Id. The ability of native Hib PS and Hib PS oligomer to partially inhibit (60 and 35%, respectively) the binding between anti-Id and heterologous anti-Hib PS, indicated that some CRI determinants are in or near the combining site. In summary, our findings demonstrate a highly penetrant and frequently predominant CRI, which is expressed in both infants and adults. The results underscore the limited V region diversity of anti-Hib PS antibodies and indicate that CRI predominance is manifest early in ontogeny and is induced by both TI and TD forms of the Hib PS antigen.
Screening for intrauterine growth retardation using ratio of mid-arm circumference to occipitofrontal circumference
Authors: S K Sinha, M I Levene
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Australia supports the concept that lesions in Australia have a better prognosis than those in Oxford because they are diagnosed at an earlier stage owing to greater public and professional awareness.4At Queen's University, Belfast, we have now started a teaching programme to improve the recognition ofmelanomas by medical students.We plan to extend this into the postgraduate educational programme for general practitioners and other doctors.The public should also be made more aware of the possible dangers inherent in certain types of pigmented lesions and the curability of melanoma in its early stages.Un- necessary deaths can be prevented.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Vitamin E
Authors: William H. Northway
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

In 1967, examples of acute, subacute and chronic pulmonary disease were described in a series of 32 newborn infants with severe respiratory-distress syndrome, treated for 24 hours or more with warm humidified, 80 to 100 per cent oxygen via an intermittent positive-pressure respirator.1 A picture of a then new syndrome, termed bronchopulmonary dysplasia, was presented. Chest radiographs correlated well with the evolution of the cardiorespiratory disease and showed an acute stage indistinguishable from any severe case of respiratory-distress syndrome in a premature infant and a second stage (four to 10 days), in which almost the whole lung showed mottled, dense . . .
Miscellanea: Dose them with water
Authors: L. Pirandello, E. Ansley
Journal: BMJ (1986)

1400 hours: No change."1530 hours: No papilloedema; slight divergent squint noted right.Corneal reflexes present and equal; right arm flaccid, no reflexes present, though grasp reflex elicited.Left arm reflexes and tone normal.Passive movement of the left leg free and associated with crossed extension of the right leg.Tendon reflexes present in both legs-right less than left, plantars both upgoing(no hamstring contraction on the right)."The man's condition.deteriorated;at 1900 hours his respiration rate was 8/min, and so we gave him light premedication, pethidine 100 gintravenously.Without difficulty theleading medical assistant gave nitrous oxide and oxygen, and I used local lignocaine liberally."Burr hole made over the left mid-temporal area, using hand burr 3/4" diameter.Dura exposed and slit.About 20 ml bloodstained cerebrospinal fluid aspirated."
Polymorphisms in DNA repair pathway genes, body mass index, and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Yingtai Chen, Tongzhang Zheng, Qing Lan, Christopher Kim, Qin Qin, Francine Foss, Xuezhong Chen, Theodore Holford, Brian Leaderer, Peter Boyle, Chengfeng Wang, Min Dai, Zhenjiang Liu, Shuangge Ma, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman, Yawei Zhang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

We conducted a population-based case-control study in Connecticut women to test the hypothesis that genetic variations in DNA repair pathway genes may modify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Compared to those with BMI <25, women with BMI ≥25 had significantly increased risk of NHL among women who carried BRCA1 (rs799917) CT/TT, ERCC2 (rs13181) AA, XRCC1 (rs1799782) CC, and WRN (rs1801195) GG genotypes, but no increase in NHL risk among women who carried BRCA1 CC, ERCC2 AC/CC, XRCC1 CT/TT, and WRN GT/TT genotypes. A significant interaction with BMI was only observed for WRN (rs1801195; P = 0.004) for T-cell lymphoma and ERCC2 (rs13181; P = 0.002) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The results suggest that common genetic variation in DNA repair pathway genes may modify the association between BMI and NHL risk.
Clinical Trials in Hypertension
Authors: Simeon Pollack
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dietary regulation of rat intestinal cholecystokinin gene expression.
Authors: R A Liddle, J D Carter, A R McDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gastrointestinal hormone produced by discrete endocrine cells in the upper small intestine and released after ingestion of a meal. The present study was designed to determine if enhanced CCK secretion is associated with increases in intestinal CCK mRNA levels. Rats, prepared with indwelling intraduodenal cannulae, were first fed an elemental diet that did not stimulate CCK release. Next, as a means of stimulating CCK secretion, soybean trypsin inhibitor was perfused for up to 24 h. Trypsin inhibitor administration increased plasma CCK levels from 0.9 +/- 0.1 to approximately 5 pmol/liter. RNA was prepared from the proximal small intestine at various times after trypsin inhibitor perfusion and mRNA levels analyzed by hybridization with a CCK cDNA probe. After 12 and 24 h of trypsin inhibitor treatment there were three- and fourfold increases, respectively, in CCK mRNA levels. In comparison, there was no change in beta-actin mRNA levels. To determine if regulation of CCK mRNA was at the level of CCK gene transcription, labeled transcripts from nuclear run-on incubations were hybridized to immobilized CCK cDNA. In trypsin inhibitor-treated rats, a two- to threefold increase in transcriptional activity was observed, whereas beta-actin gene transcription levels were unaltered. These studies indicate that stimulation of CCK secretion is associated with an increase in intestinal CCK mRNA content resulting from an increase in CCK gene transcription.
Evaluation of Acupuncture
Authors: Edmund Y.M. Chein
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Mark (223:922, 1973) criticized the suggestion by Adler (222:833, 1972) and others who advocate well-controlled double-blind studies to determine the efficacy of acupuncture. Mark's reasons for "the inapplicability of a simplistic doubleblind approach," which "will not work" because "at a large number of points, paresthesias are elicited; with most other clinically useful points, a sensation of soreness or mild discomfort prompts the patient to exclaim 'That's it!' or 'Yes, yes!' as the correct location is reached. Only the naive subject could be deceived by the double-blind approach, and then only briefly." Mark's solution was that "meticulous scrutiny by careful clinicians and trained investigators should provide the basis for a reasoned approach." However, an uncontrolled clinical approach to an evaluation of acupuncture would have serious shortcomings, would not generate a definitive study, and may result in conclusions more related to the biases of the clinicians doing the study.
A liver tolerates a portal antigen by generating CD11c+ cells, which select Fas Ligand+ Th2 cells via apoptosis
Authors: Tomohiro Watanabe, Hiroaki Katsukura, Yasuhiko Shirai, Masashi Yamori, Toshiki Nishi, Tsutomu Chiba, Toru Kita, Yoshio Wakatsuki
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Administration of an antigen (Ag) per oral route leads to apoptosis of Ag–specific CD4 + T cells and to development of Th2 cells expressing Fas ligand ( Fas L) in the liver. We determined whether presentation of an ingested Ag in the liver alone was enough to select these Fas L + Th2 cells and explored how this selection was achieved in the liver. Ovalbumin (OVA) administered orally was colocalized with class II + cells in the periportal and parenchymal area of the liver. On coculture with naive OVA–specific CD4 + T cells, hepatic CD11c + cells from mice fed OVA generated Ag–specific Th2 cells. This was achieved by apoptosis of CD4 + T cells, decrease of interleukin 12 (IL–12) secretion, and increase of IL–18 secretion by the CD11c + cells. Addition of IL–12 to this coculture prevented apoptosis of the CD4 + T cells, which was associated with up–modulation of IL–2 receptor β chain expression. Administration of IL–12 to mice fed OVA prevented apoptosis of OVA–specific CD4 + T cells in the liver. Moreover, adoptive transfer of hepatic CD11c + cells from mice fed OVA together with OVA–specific CD4 + T cells led to development of Th2 cells as well as apoptosis of the transferred CD4 + T cells in the lymph nodes of the recipient mice on immunization with OVA. In conclusion, presentation of an ingested Ag by hepatic CD11c + cells selects Th2 cells resistant to apoptosis in the liver, which is mediated in part by down–regulation of IL–12 secretion by the former cells.
Ectopic left atrial rhythm that produces QRS changes in absence of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: L Zaman, N Garcia, R M Luceri, A Castellanos, R J Myerburg
Journal: Circulation (1983)

In an 18-year-old patient without manifest or concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, spontaneous and paced left atrial impulses penetrated a left-sided AV nodal input and thereafter activated the ventricles in a normal fashion exclusively through the His-Purkinje system. On the other hand, sinus and paced right atrial impulses entered a right-sided atrioventricular nodal input that was completely dissociated from the left-sided input to subsequently activate the ventricles partly through Mahaim fibers and partly through the His-Purkinje system. The Mahaim fibers, which acted as "bystanders" during episodes of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia, seemed to have extended from a "distal," common (right-sided) intranodal pathway (or "proximal" His bundle) to the right ventricle or, although this is less likely, to the right bundle branch. More studies are necessary to determine whether the association on the surface electrocardiogram of an ectopic slow left atrial rhythm with changes in QRS morphology (but not in QRS duration) always reflects the existence of Mahaim fibers.
AIDS and the Health Care System
Authors: Wayne L. Greaves
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Lawrence Gostin has done a splendid job as editor of this book. The concept was based on the 1988 World AIDS Day Conference "Hospitals, Health Care Professionals, and AIDS." The core material is presented in 16 chapters divided among eight sections, along with an introductory chapter by Everet Koop and an afterword by Jonathan Mann. The editor has selected recognized experts in health law, ethics, and clinical research to contribute to this multiauthored work, which addresses the impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on health care professionals, persons with AIDS, hospital administrators, and the health care system. The preface is lengthy, 10 pages, but well written and provides a thoughtprovoking synopsis of the book. Excluding the first and last chapters, the text is also well written, informative, and succinct. The tone of the book is forceful and compelling, mixed with compassion and advocacy for the person with AIDS. Controversial issues
The nursing profession's coming of age: The end of medicine as a profession
Authors: David L Bisset
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The nursing profession's coming of age The end of medicine as a professionEditor-Young describes the coming of age of the nursing profession. 1 All professions and occupations are human creations and therefore are subject to change.With the widening of roles of many professions, it becomes harder to define what a doctor can do that can't be done by an appropriately trained member of another profession.Perhaps major surgery and certifying cause of death are all that remains.With the increasing difficulty of getting junior doctors to do anything that may be regarded as work (rather than education) we doctors may be engineering the abolition of our profession, and we may move from distinct professions to practitioners from varied backgrounds being trained for a particular function.
IMPACT OF RENAL FAILURE ON MORTALITY, STROKE AND BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS IN THE SETTING OF PCI FOR ACS OR STABLE ANGINA IN EUROPE: LESSONS FROM THE EURO HEART SURVEY PCI REGISTRY
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Timm Bauer, Uwe Zeymer, Ralf Zahn, Franz Weidinger, Matthias Hochadel, Christian Hamm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Human Anisakiasis: An Update-Reply
Authors: Robert E. Fontaine
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Kliks' account of two confirmed cases of symptomatic<i>Anisakis</i>infections provides important documentation of an increased variety of fish and squid associated with this disease in the United States. Even with this report, documented cases of human anisakiasis from the United States total less than 30. Moreover, his report emphasizes that<i>Anisakis</i>continues to produce overt illness as opposed to other anisakid nematodes, which rarely produce mild symptoms in humans before spontaneous expulsion. Since<i>Anisakis</i>causes most cases of nontrivial human anisakiasis, focusing on the frequency of this genus in commercial fish should best clarify the issue from the perspective of human disease. Of the fish surveys that Dr Kliks cites, only Myers' investigation found<i>Anisakis</i>with any regularity in the edible flesh of fish other than salmon or herring. Of the three other articles, one (Grainger) is only a description of larvae and gives no frequencies.
Isolation and characterization of the 18‐kDa major apple allergen and comparison with the major birch pollen allergen (<i>Bet v</i> I)
Authors: S. Vieths, K. Janek, H. Aulepp, A. Petersen
Journal: Allergy (1995)

The major allergen from birch pollen, Bet v I, and the cross‐reacting 18‐kDa major allergen from Golden Delicious and Granny Smith apples were isolated by micropreparative SDS‐PAGE followed by electroelution. In the case of apples, highly active, low‐temperature extracts were used. The purity of the allergens was checked by analytic SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting with allergic patients’ sera, as well as by N‐terminal amino acid microsequencing, and the allergens were found to be very pure. The strong immunologic activity of the isolates was determined by the enzyme allergosorbent test (EAST) and EAST inhibition assays; this activity was, in the case of Bet v I, similar to that of a preparation obtained by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. The allergenic potency of Bet v I and of the cross‐reactive apple allergen was determined by EAST inhibition and dose‐related histamine release. With both assay systems, the allergenic reactivity of Bet v I was considerably higher than that of the major apple allergen. Fürthermore, skin prick tests with the purified allergens and with whole allergenic extracts were performed on a group of 33 patients suffering from birch‐pollen and apple hypersensitivity, and on a control group of 10 patients. The frequency of positive prick test results in the allergic patient group ranged from 73% for the major allergen from Golden Delicious apples to 97% with Bet v I and whole birch pollen extract, respectively. In contrast to our low‐temperature extracts, commercial prick test solutions of four different manufacturers were found to be unreliable for the diagnosis of apple allergy. The skin test results again indicated the strong immunologic activity of the allergen isolates and the predominance of the major allergens in context with birch‐pollen and apple hypersensitivity. Taken together, the results support the view that the 18‐kDa major allergen represents most of the allergenicity of the the apple fruit, and that all allergenic epitopes of the apple proteins are present on Bet v I.
1020-2 Evaluation of Aortic Regurgitation (AR) Using Color Doppler Jet Measurement: An Animal Study with Quantified AR
Authors: Izumi Yamada, Takahiro Shiota, Russell S. Heinrich, Masahiro Ishii, Ajit Yoganathan, David J. Sahn, Michael Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Artificial human chromosomes created for the first time
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Researchers in Ohio have created the first artificial human chromosome ( Nature Genetics 1997;15:345-55). The experiment heralds a new era in gene therapy.

Synthetic chromosomes, if functional, could replace the current technology of virally mediated gene transfer. Viruses, though good at sneaking into cells, have a small carrying capacity, which limits the number of genes that they can hold. Additionally, they have oncogenic and cytopathic potential and as foreigners can elicit an immune attack. Artificial chromosomes could circumvent these problems and provide a stable platform on which to …
Lipoprotein lipase regulation by insulin and glucocorticoid in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues of obese women and men.
Authors: S K Fried, C D Russell, N L Grauso, R E Brolin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

There are marked variations in the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) among adipose depots, particularly in women. Consistent with data on LPL activity, the level of expression of LPL mRNA was lower in omental (OM) than subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue of women. To investigate the cellular basis of these differences, OM and SQ adipose tissues obtained at surgery from obese men and women were placed in organ culture for 7 d with varying concentrations of insulin and dexamethasone. Insulin increased levels of LPL mRNA and LPL activity in abdominal SQ but not OM adipose tissue. Dexamethasone also increased LPL mRNA and LPL activity, and these effects were more marked in the OM adipose tissue, particularly in men. When insulin and dexamethasone were added together, synergistic increases in LPL activity were seen in both depots, and this was in part explained at the level of LPL mRNA. The SQ depot was more sensitive to the effects of submaximal doses of dexamethasone in the presence of insulin. The maximum activity of LPL induced by insulin or insulin plus dexamethasone was higher in the SQ than in the OM depot of women, and this was associated with higher levels of LPL mRNA. Rates of LPL synthesis paralleled LPL mRNA levels. These data show that insulin and glucocorticoids influence human adipose tissue LPL activity at the level of LPL gene expression, as well as posttranslationally, and that responsiveness to these hormonal effects is dependent on adipose depot and gender.