tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Another HRT trial is stopped early
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Another trial of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been stopped early by researchers after preliminary findings showed an “unacceptably high risk” of recurrent or new breast cancer associated with the treatment.

The Swedish HABITS (hormonal replacement therapy after breast cancer diagnosis—is it safe?) study was intended to follow 1300 women previously treated successfully for breast cancer. Only 434 women had been randomised when it was stopped on 17 December 2003, two years into its planned five year course. By that stage, 26 participants had developed breast cancer out of 174 …
High Court upholds NICE decision to limit treatments for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Campaigners and drug makers failed last week in their High Court bid to overturn guidance recommending only limited coverage on the NHS of drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease. This was the first major legal challenge to guidance issued by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the body that recommends which drugs are available on the NHS in England and Wales.

Mrs Justice Dobbs ordered NICE to amend the existing guidance, having ruled that its diagnostic criteria breached the Disability Discrimination Act and the Race Relations Act. NICE undertook to make the relevant changes within 28 days—but the core of the guidance will remain unchanged.

The guidance recommends …
ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN RATS
Authors: Henry A. Schroeder, Charles Neumann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. When rats developed cardiac hypertrophy or elevation of blood pressure as a result of one of several methods designed to bring about arterial hypertension, renal vascular disease occurred frequently. 2. When injury to one kidney was followed by cardiac hypertrophy or elevation of blood pressure, vascular lesions were found with considerable regularity in the opposite one, as well as in the one injured. 3. Renal lesions rarely occurred in the absence of cardiac hypertrophy or elevated blood pressure. 4. Renal vascular lesions in rats are occasioned, therefore, by injury to one kidney and are usually associated with, and dependent on, the presence of arterial hypertension.
Nonoperative Treatment of Gastric Bezoars Using Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy
Authors: None Kuo, None Mo, None Tsai, None Chou, None Lin, None Chang
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Bezoars are collections of indigestible material in the stomach, which can be classified into four broad categories: a) phytobezoars, consisting of fruit and vegetable fibers; b) trichobezoars, or hairballs, usually found in young female psychiatric patients; c) medication bezoars, consisting of tablets or semi-liquid masses of drugs, and d) miscellaneous materials such as sand, pica, or stones [[1]]. Over the past 35 years, the treatment of gastric bezoars has evolved from surgical exstirpation to nonsurgical interventions such as nasogastric suctioning, dietary changes or enzymatic dissolution [[2]]. Up to the present, electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) has been a well established method for the treatment of urinary and hepatobiliary stones [[3] [4]]. This paper describes our attempt to extend the application of this modality to the treatment of gastric bezoars.
Post-nuclear war
Authors: C. K. Cassel
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In the early 1980s the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) promulgated Civil Defense plans for nuclear war based on relocation of targeted populations to "host areas" where they could live until the dust settled. The plan was so poorly conceived and, indeed, so absurd as to prompt local antinuclear groups throughout the country to create satires such as a booklet published by New York City Physicians for Social Responsibility entitled<i>A New Yorker's Guide to Civil Defense</i>, which included reminders to bring credit cards and have your mail forwarded. These spoofs were not only comical, but very effective in convincing city and town governments to refuse to participate in FEMA planning for nuclear war. The cover of the British Medical Association publication<i>Selection of Casualties for Treatment after Nuclear Attack</i>has the appearance of a similar spoof on post—nuclear war planning. It pictures the earth, as seen from space, with
The Ambulatory Problem Patient: A Unique Teaching Resource
Authors: OTTO VON MERING, L. WILLIAM EARLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Investigation of the effect of "problem patients" on medical school personnel showed the patients' conduct and values were at variance with normative medical and nursing expectations. Through statistical analysis the authors identified the principal characteristics of these patients that make for difficulties in treating them. The implications of these findings for teaching are discussed.
Identifying sedentary time using automated estimates of accelerometer wear time
Authors: Elisabeth A H Winkler, Paul A Gardiner, Bronwyn K Clark, Charles E Matthews, Neville Owen, Genevieve N Healy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Purpose The authors evaluated the accuracy of three automated accelerometer wear-time estimation algorithms against self-report. Direct effects on sedentary time (&lt;100 cpm) and indirect effects on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA, ≥1952 cpm) time were examined. Methods A subsample from the 2004/2005 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (n=148) completed activity logs and wore accelerometers for a total of 987 days. A published algorithm that allows movement within non-wear periods (Algorithm 1) was compared with one that allows less movement (Algorithm 2) or no movement (Algorithm 3). Implications for population estimates were examined using 2003/2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results Mean difference per day between the criterion and estimated wear time was negligible for all three algorithms (≤11 min), but 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were wide (±≥2 h). Respectively, the algorithms (1, 2 and 3) misclassified sedentary time as non-wear on 31.9%, 19.4% and 18% of days and misclassified non-wear time as sedentary on 42.8%, 43.7% and 51.3% of days. Use of Algorithm 2 (compared with Algorithm 1) affected population estimates of sedentary time (higher by 20 min/day) but not MVPA time. Agreement between Algorithms 1 and 2 was good for MVPA time (mean difference −0.08, LOA: −2.08, 1.91 min), but not for wear time or sedentary time. Conclusion Accelerometer wear time can be estimated accurately on average; however, misclassification can be substantial for individuals. Algorithm choice affects estimates of sedentary time. Allowing very limited movement within non-wear periods can improve accuracy.
The 55-kD tumor necrosis factor receptor on human keratinocytes is regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and by ultraviolet B radiation.
Authors: U Trefzer, M Brockhaus, H Lötscher, F Parlow, A Budnik, M Grewe, H Christoph, A Kapp, E Schöpf, T A Luger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

In previous studies we showed that cultured human keratinocytes expressed the 55-kD TNF receptor (TNFR) and that its expression the important for TNF alpha-mediated upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on keratinocytes. Because factors that either reduce or enhance TNFR expression are likely to have a major impact on the biological effects of TNF alpha on keratinocytes, these studies were conducted to determine the factors that regulate its expression on keratinocytes. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, human keratinocytes were shown to lack 75-kD TNFR expression, indicating that TNF responsiveness of human keratinocytes critically depended on regulation of 55-kD TNFR expression. Human keratinocyte 55-kD TNFR surface and mRNA expression was found to be regulated in vitro by recombinant human (rh) TNF alpha. Stimulation of keratinocytes with rhTNF alpha initially decreased, but later increased, 55-kD TNFR surface expression. This biphasic modulation of 55-kD TNFR surface expression was associated with concomitant changes in 55-kD TNFR mRNA expression. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, a well-known inducer of synthesis and secretion of TNF alpha by human keratinocytes, was found to mimic TNF alpha-induced modulation of 55-kD TNFR surface and mRNA expression via a TNF alpha-mediated autocrine regulatory mechanism. Production of soluble 55-kD TNFR by human keratinocytes remained unaffected by TNF alpha stimulation or UVB irradiation. These studies provide clear evidence that membrane expression of the human 55-kD TNFR may be regulated in human keratinocytes by the ligand itself: TNF alpha. Since in previous studies UVB irradiation transiently inhibited TNF alpha-induced human keratinocyte ICAM-1 expression, it is proposed that UVB radiation-induced biphasic modulation of human keratinocyte 55-kD TNFR expression may affect the capacity of these cells to respond to TNF alpha.
Retreatment of chronic hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with recombinant interferon alfa-2a
Authors: Vicente Carreño, Patrick Marcellin, Stephanos Hadziyannis, Javier Salmerón, Moisés Diago, Geoge E. Kitis, Irene Vafiadis, Solko W. Schalm, Friederike Zahm, Félix Manzarbeitia, Javier F. Jiménez, Juan Antonio Quiroga
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Fifty-seven patients with chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus (HBV) e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA positivity, and aminotransferase elevation despite a previous course of any type of adequate interferon alfa (IFN-α) therapy were included in a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial. The objective of the study was to compare a second course of IFN-α therapy (9 million units [MU] of IFN-α-2a, Roferon-A, thrice weekly for 6 months) versus no therapy in terms of loss of HBV DNA and HBeAg. At the end of the study, a sustained clearance of HBV DNA and HBeAg was observed in 9 of the 27 (33.3%) patients who had received retreatment with IFN-α compared with 3/30 (10%) patients who spontaneously cleared these markers in the untreated control group (χ 2 = 4.66, P = .031; odds ratio: 4.5, 95%; confidence interval: 1.1-18.9). None of the responders lost HBsAg. Patients retreated with IFN-α were more likely to have biochemical remission in association with HBV clearance (5/27, 18.5%) compared with untreated patients (1/30, 3.3%; Fisher's exact test P = .09). Histological improvement in the liver necroinflammatory activity was observed among sustained responders to IFN-α retreatment, consisting of regression of the portal and periportal inflammation and of the piecemeal necrosis; there was no change in the degree of liver fibrosis. Side effects were similar to those previously reported during IFN-α treatment; these were mild and reversible on IFN-α discontinuation. None of the baseline features were associated with response by Cox's regression analysis. In summary, viremic patients with chronic HBeAg-positive hepatitis may experience disease remission following retreatment with IFN-α. Thus, retreatment with IFN-α may be considered a therapeutic option
Abnormalities of neutrophil function do not cause the migration defect in Crohn's disease.
Authors: C O Morain, A A Segal, D Walker, A J Levi
Journal: Gut (1981)

Skin window tests were performed on 60 patients with Crohn's disease, 20 with ulcerative colitis, 16 with peptic ulceration, and 40 healthy controls. The numbers of neutrophils that migrated into the skin window chambers were significantly lower in patients with Crohn's disease. This abnormality was unrelated to the activity of the disease, site of involvement, or treatment. No significant abnormalities were found in the patients with other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The abnormality of neutrophil migration in the Crohn's patients does not seem to be due to a cellular defect, as neutrophils from patients with Crohn's disease migrate and phagocytose normally in vitro. Sera from patients with Crohn's disease did not inhibit cell migration or contain inhibitors of chemotaxis. The addition of serum that had been activated with zymosan to the chamber enhanced the emigration of neutrophils from the skin of patients with Crohn's disease. These results suggest that the depression of neutrophil migration into skin windows that is normally observed in Crohn's disease is due to a deficient local inflammatory response. This defective inflammatory response in Crohn's disease and the consequent delay in the accumulation of neutrophils could explain granuloma formation, the high recurrence rate after surgery, and the clinical course of exacerbations and remissions.
An epoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid mediates angiotensin II-induced rises in cytosolic calcium in rabbit proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Authors: Z T Madhun, D A Goldthwait, D McKay, U Hopfer, J G Douglas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Previous studies from this and other laboratories have shown that angiotensin II (AII) induces [Ca2+]i transients in proximal tubular epithelium independent of phospholipase C. AII also stimulates formation of 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET) from arachidonic acid by a cytochrome P450 epoxygenase and decreases Na+ transport in the same concentration range. Because 5,6-EET mimics AII with regard to Na+ transport, it effects on calcium mobilization were evaluated. [Ca2+]i was measured by video microscopy with the fluorescent indicator fura-2 employing cultured rabbit proximal tubule. AII-induced [Ca2+]i transients were enhanced by arachidonic acid and attenuated by ketoconazole, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Arachidonic acid also elicited a [Ca2+]i transient that was attenuated by ketoconazole. 5,6-EET augmented [Ca2+]i similar to that seen with AII, but was unaffected by ketoconazole. By contrast, the other regioisomers (8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET) were much less potent. [Ca2+]i transients resulted from influx through verapamil- and nifedipine-sensitive channels. These results suggest a novel mechanism for AII-induced Ca mobilization in proximal tubule involving cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism and Ca influx through voltage-sensitive channels.
Results of coronary artery surgery in patients with poor left ventricular function (CASS).
Authors: E L Alderman, L D Fisher, P Litwin, G C Kaiser, W O Myers, C Maynard, F Levine, M Schloss
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We identified 420 medically treated and 231 surgically treated patients (coronary graft plus myocardial surgery in 30%) who had severe left ventricular dysfunction manifest by an ejection fraction below 0.36 and markedly abnormal wall motion. Compared with medically treated patients, those treated surgically had more severe angina (56.7% vs 29.0% class III or IV; p less than .001), less heart failure as predominant symptom (11.1% vs 18.8%; p less than .003), more severe coronary disease (66.7% vs 50.2% three-vessel disease; p less than .001), a greater concentration of left main coronary artery lesions greater than 70% (12.6% vs 3.8%: p less than .001), and a greater estimated extent of jeopardized myocardium (p less than .001). Multivariate regression analysis of survival, which adjusts for the above covariates, showed that surgical treatment prolonged survival (p less than .05), although it ranked below severity of heart failure symptoms, age, ejection fraction, and left main stenosis greater than 70% in determining prognosis. Surgical benefit was most apparent for patients with ejection fractions below 0.26 who had a 43% 5 year survival with medical treatment vs 63% with surgery. Surgically treated patients experienced substantial symptomatic benefit compared with medically treated patients if their presenting symptoms were predominantly angina; however, there was no relief of symptoms caused primarily by heart failure. We conclude that patients with predominantly ischemic pain symptoms, despite poor left ventricular function, benefit from surgery; however, operative mortality in this high-risk subset must equal or better the 6.9% obtained in this study.
A Piece of My Mind
Authors: Thomas M. Gill
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TREATMENT OF ADDISON'S DISEASE WITH DESOXY-CORTICOSTERONE ACETATE, A SYNTHETIC ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONE (PRELIMINARY REPORT) 1
Authors: George W. Thorn, R. Palmer Howard, Kendall Emerson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1939)

LL0 I DAyS 0 5 10 J. S. Na 138.5 Na 378.0 Na 141.8 Na 476.8 Na 140.4 Na 455.0 Na 142.7 Na 490.8 Cl 96.4 2730 Cl 263.2 Cl 102.0 3370 Cl 343.9 Cl 97.6 3240 Cl 316.1 Cl 95.8 3440 Cl 329.6 K 6.5 K 17.7 K 6.1 K 20.6lK 7.1 K 22.9lK 6.7 K 23.1 E. V. Na 134.8 Na 367.0 Na 142.7 Na 449.0 Na 137.4 Na 405.5 Na 139.3 Na 451.5 Cl 101.2 2720 Cl 275.2 Cl 100.6 3150 Cl 316.9 Cl 96.8 2950 Cl 285.4 Cl 100.4 3240 Cl 325.3 K 4.2 K 11.4 K 5.6 K 17.8lK 4.9 K 14.5lK 4.9 K 15.9 F. M. Na 135.6 Na 282.7 Na 136.7 Na 450.1 Na 137.4 Na 397.5 Na 139.2 Na 543.5 Cl 92.8 2085 Cl 193.7 Cl 97.8 3300 Cl 322.4 Cl 96.4 2890 Cl 278.5 Cl 101.2 3900 Cl 394.8 K 6.7 K 13.9 K 4.2 K 13.8lK 6.3 K 18.1lK 6.7 K 26.0 A. S. Na 135.2 Na 350.0 Na 141.0 Na 493.6 Na 135.2 Na 457.1 Na 139.7 Na 475.0 Cl 97.2 2585 Cl 251.0 Cl 100.4 3500 Cl 351.4 Cl 101.0 3380 Cl 341.4 Cl 102.2 3400 Cl 347.5 K 6.2 K 16.1 K 7.1 K 24.5|K K K 7.8 K 26.5 C. N. Na 131.4 Na 213.2 Na 136.0 Na 348.0 Na 134.2 Na 295.3 Na 138.2 Na 315.1 Cl 95.0 1620 Cl 154.0 Cl 102.6 2540 Cl 260.5 Cl 99.8 2200 Cl 219.6 Cl 104.4 2280 Cl 238.0 K 5.0 K 8.1lK 5.9 K 15.0lK 5.9 K 12.9lK 6.6 K 15.0 J. P. Na 133.5 Na 318.8 Na 139.6 Na 378.3 Na 128.7 Na 358.0 Cl 96.4 2390 Cl 230.1 Cl 103.6 2710 Cl 280.8 Cl 102.2 2780 Cl 284.0 K 4.4 K 10.6 K 5.2 K 14.2 K 5.
Tc-99m Isonitrile Uptake in a Brain Metastatic Lesion Comparison with Tc-99m DTP A Using Planar and SPECT Imaging
Authors: FERNANDO MUT, ALICIA BIANCO, MARGARITA NUEZZ, GUSTAVO DE PALMA, EDUARDO TOUYA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Tc-99m isonitrile uptake in a metastatic brain tumor is demonstrated using planar and SPECT imaging. Comparison with Tc-99m DTPA shows a different distribution pattern and uptake intensity, suggesting a different mechanism for both tracers. It is possible that Tc-99m CPI could reflect metabolic activity of the tumor cells and might be useful to evaluate the grade of malignancy as well as the recurrence of brain tumors.
Postscript to the Article 'On the Value of Perchloride of Iron in Post Partum Haaemorrhage.'
Authors: H. Norris
Journal: BMJ (1869)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.[May i, I869.arch, while otlhers are as constt-.lIYjoined to it on its inner side.The opercular bones lhave been plxeady noticed.A skull of this kind mif be taken as one result of development start- ing from the Lamprey, but a diverse result is reached by a different line of development, eMibited by another series of forms, passing from the
Cholesterol potentiates the coronary artery response to norepinephrine in anesthetized and conscious dogs.
Authors: C Rosendorff, J I Hoffman, E D Verrier, J Rouleau, L E Boerboom
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We investigated the effect of hypercholesterolemia on coronary and cardiac hemodynamic responses to intracoronary norepinephrine (NE) (0.01 to 10.0 micrograms/min as the bitartrate) in a Gregg cannula autoperfusion system. Coronary blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere technique in two groups of open-chest dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital: 10 controls and 8 that were fed a cholesterol-rich diet (CD) which doubled the serum cholesterol level. In the control dogs, NE in doses of 0.01 to 1.0 micrograms/min had no effect on coronary vascular resistance (CVR) but 10 micrograms/min caused a significant decrease to 0.58 +/- 0.12 of control. In the CD dogs, NE at doses of 1.0 and 10.0 micrograms/min significantly reduced CVR, to 0.72 +/- 0.06 and 0.52 +/- 0.11 of control, respectively. There was no consistent effect of NE, at these doses, on myocardial oxygen uptake, left ventricular stroke work index, or maximal positive dP/dt. In a second series of experiments we measured coronary flow with electromagnetic flowmeters in 11 chronically instrumented conscious dogs, 5 controls, and 6 CD. In the control dogs, intravenously administered NE hydrochloride, 0.01 microgram/min, reduced CVR to 0.74 +/- 0.07 of control, and 1.0 microgram/min increased CVR to 1.26 +/- 0.09 of control. In the CD animals, these effects were seen at a 10-fold lower NE dose, 0.001 microgram/min (0.83 +/- 0.11 of control) and 0.1 microgram/min (1.32 +/- 0.06 of control). The vasodilation was blocked by propranolol, and vasoconstriction by phentolamine. We conclude that NE at low doses activates beta-adrenoreceptors to reduce CVR and at higher doses activates alpha-adrenoreceptors to increase CVR; the vasoconstrictor response is inhibited in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs, and hypercholesterolemia sensitizes coronary vessels to both the dilator and constrictor effects of NE.