tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Which Path to Universal Health Coverage? Perspectives on the World Health Report 2010
Authors: Sara Bennett, Sachiko Ozawa, Krishna D. Rao
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

From the US to China, South Africa to India, governments and citizens are engaged in an active debate about how best to protect people from catastrophic health care costs while ensuring access to health care of adequate quality. While it is widely known that in the US there are 50 million uninsured, it is perhaps less well known that across the world 100 million people are pushed into poverty each year because of health care expenditures. This is an avoidable tragedy.

With the financial crisis still looming over many countries, this year's World Health Report: “Health Systems Financing: The path to universal coverage” [1] could not be more timely in addressing the question of how to ensure that all people have access to health care services, without suffering financial hardship. In a hundred easy-to-read pages, the report synthesizes evidence concerning effective strategies to achieve universal coverage, drawing upon the now substantial body of published literature from around the world, as well as a number of background papers commissioned especially for the report.
Encounters With Children: Pediatric Behavior and Development
Authors: Hugh A. Carithers
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The bright, shiny, multicolored, soft binding of this well-planned and well-executed volume suggests that it is not always advisable to "judge a book by its cover," for it is not meant for parents, as might be surmised initially, but for nurses, nurse practitioners, and especially for physicians who care for infants and children. Throughout the book these professional groups are referred to as "caregivers," a word that may soon be found in standard dictionaries. The book is an up-to-date discussion of growth and development as related to children, beginning in the prenatal period and continuing through puberty. These fields have expanded since the beginning of pediatrics as a medical specialty, and since World War II there has been an explosion of books and articles on every conceivable facet of child development. This volume summarizes these studies, both old and new, and suggests how to use this knowledge in day-to-day professional
Paneth cell defensins and the regulation of the microbiome
Authors: Nita H. Salzman
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

Recently, our laboratory demonstrated that Paneth cell defensins, innate antimicrobial peptides that contribute to mucosal host defense, are able to regulate the composition of the intestinal bacterial microbiome. Using complementary mouse models of defensin deficiency (MMP7-/-) and surplus (HD5+/+), we noted defensin-dependent reciprocal shifts in the dominant bacterial species of the small intestine, without changes in total bacterial numbers. In addition, mice that expressed HD5 showed a significant loss of segemented filamentous bacteria (SFB), resulting in reduced numbers of Th17 cells in the lamina propria. This data showed a novel role for PC defensins in intestinal homeostasis, by regulation of the small intestinal microbiome. The microbiome plays an essential role in mediating host physiology, metabolism, and immune response. The ability of PC defensins to regulate the composition of the biome suggests a much broader importance of these innate immune effectors than previously considered. In this addendum, the role of PC defensins in the regulation of the intestinal microbiome is reviewed, and discussed in the context of recent evidence that highlights the important role of PCs and defensins in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
Silibinin Feeding Alters the Metabolic Profile in TRAMP Prostatic Tumors: 1H-NMRS–Based Metabolomics Study
Authors: Komal Raina, Natalie J. Serkova, Rajesh Agarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Herein, we evaluated for the first time silibinin efficacy on prostate cancer (PCa) metabolism in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model using quantitative high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics. Prostate tissues were from mice fed control or silibinin diet for 20 weeks. Comparative metabolic profiling indicated that antitumor effect of silibinin is accompanied by alteration in metabolic profile of TRAMP prostatic tumors as indicated by 6-fold (P = 0.016) increase in glucose content and 48% (P = 0.015) reduction in lactate levels. Increase in citrate use by prostate tissue also reversed with silibinin, as indicated by 3-fold (P = 0.01) increase in citrate levels in silibinin-fed group. Also, 61% and 50% (P < 0.01) decrease in cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine levels, respectively, was observed with silibinin. These results corroborate our earlier findings regarding PCa chemopreventive potential of silibinin in TRAMP model and warrant additional metabolic profiling in other silibinin-fed PCa tumor model tissues. This will help identify specific metabolic biomarkers altered during silibinin treatment, which when detected in clinical biopsies or noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies could help monitor silibinin effectiveness against PCa malignancy.
Is General Surgery a Dying Specialty?
Authors: Earl Belle Smith
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Several decades ago  surgery was a thriving and active surgical specialty, with surgeons being actively trained and subsequently practicing  surgery that included everything. The trend toward accredited specialization in other surgical disciplines resulted in an ill-defined meaning of general surgery. In addition, training programs in  surgery required basic knowledge in all phases of surgery, namely, plastic, gynecologic, urologic, neurosurgical, cardiovascular-thoracic, pediatric, and fracture, for the physician to become certified as a  surgeon. Before the Study of Surgical Services in the United States Report, there were approximately 12,000 approved available positions in  surgery, and more surgical programs were being approved if specific standards and criteria were established. Nevertheless, the aforementioned report, the malpractice dilemma, the implementation of Professional Standards Review Organization, the principles of Medicare and Medicaid, the improved medical insight and understanding of the public, the eradication of overt discrimination and segregation
Septic Shock — Vasopressin, Norepinephrine, and Urgency
Authors: Joseph E. Parrillo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Septic shock is one of the most challenging problems in critical care medicine. Shock due to sepsis accounts for many of the deaths in medical and surgical intensive care units.14 It is estimated that septic shock results in approximately 215,000 deaths per year in the United States, a number similar to the number of deaths from acute myocardial infarction. However, the two disorders are not similar with respect to the approach to evaluation and management. Myocardial infarction is easier to diagnose and usually presents with characteristic chest pain and electrocardiographic changes. The presentation of septic shock is much more . . .
Group Psychotherapy: The Group-analytic View
Authors: S.H. Foulkes
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1965)

Research Articles| February 11 2010 Group Psychotherapy: The Group-analytic View: A Contribution to the Discussion Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology S.H. Foulkes S.H. Foulkes London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1965) 13 (1-3): 150–154. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285764 Article history Published Online: February 11 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation S.H. Foulkes; Group Psychotherapy: The Group-analytic View: A Contribution to the Discussion. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1965; 13 (1-3): 150–154. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285764 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1965Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Patients asked to judge quality of care they receive in hospital
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Five thousand patients at one of Scotland's biggest hospital trusts are to be asked to judge the quality of the care that they have been given in what is said to be the most in depth project of its kind established in Great Britain.

The patients are being sent questionnaires which will allow them to provide a detailed picture of their experiences in hospital. The information will be used to develop improvement programmes to address problems identified by patients throughout the trust's 10 hospitals.

The aim of the …
Organ transplantation: from laboratory to clinic
Authors: D A Pyke
Journal: BMJ (1986)

and there are a number of papers proposing selection criteria for gall stone pancreatitis and endoscopic retrograde cloJngiopancreatography on the basis of clinical, biohemical, and sonographic criteria.4Butgiven the possibility of a gall stone aetiology, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic papillotomy are reasonable options in the management of acute pancreatitis.
When does depression become a disorder? Using recurrence rates to evaluate the validity of proposed changes in major depression diagnostic thresholds
Authors: Jerome C. Wakefield, Mark F. Schmitz
Journal: World Psychiatry (2013)

High community prevalence estimates of DSM‐defined major depressive disorder (MDD) have led to proposals to raise MDD's diagnostic threshold to more validly distinguish pathology from normal‐range distress. However, such proposals lack empirical validation. We used MDD recurrence rates in the longitudinal 2‐wave Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study to test the predictive validity of three proposals to narrow MDD diagnosis: a) excluding “uncomplicated” episodes (i.e., episodes that last no longer than 2 months and do not include suicidal ideation, psychotic ideation, psychomotor retardation, or feelings of worthlessness); b) excluding mild episodes (i.e., episodes with only five to six symptoms); and c) excluding nonmelancholic episodes. For each proposal, we used lifetime MDD diagnoses at wave 1 to distinguish the group proposed for exclusion, other MDD, and those with no MDD history. We then compared these groups’ 1‐year MDD rates at wave 2. A proposal was considered strongly supported if at wave 2 the excluded group's MDD rate was not only significantly lower than the rate for other MDD but also not significantly greater than the no‐MDD‐history group. Results indicated that all three excluded groups had significantly lower recurrence rates than other MDD (uncomplicated vs. complicated, 3.4% vs. 14.6%; mild vs. severe, 9.6% vs. 20.7%; nonmelancholic vs. melancholic, 10.6% vs. 19.2%, respectively). However, only uncomplicated MDD's recurrence rate was also not significantly greater than the MDD occurrence rate for the no‐MDD‐history group (3.4% vs. 1.7%, respectively). This low recurrence rate resulted from an interaction between uncomplicated duration and symptom criteria. Multiple‐episode uncomplicated MDD did not entail significantly elevated recurrence over single‐episode cases (3.7% vs. 3.0%, respectively). Uncomplicated MDD's general‐distress symptoms, transient duration, and lack of elevated recurrence suggest it may generally represent nonpathologic intense sadness that should be addressed in treatment guidelines and considered for exclusion from MDD diagnosis to increase the validity of the MDD/normal sadness boundary.
Obstruction of the fetal urinary tract: a role for surgical intervention in utero?
Authors: I R McFadyen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Obstruction of the lower urinary tract was diagnosed by ultrasound in 11 fetuses. One pregnancy was therapeutically aborted. Four of the neonates died within 48 hours because of pronounced pulmonary hypoplasia, which is associated with obstruction of the urinary tract. The remaining six survived with adequate renal function but one, now aged 4, is obviously too small for his age. Intervention in utero for obstruction of the urinary tract is safe, but those fetuses for whom it is appropriate cannot yet be identified because of difficulties in diagnosing the condition of the whole fetus.
Hexamethylene diisocyanate asthma is associated with genetic polymorphisms of CD14, IL-13, and IL-4 receptor α
Authors: David I. Bernstein, Grace E. Kissling, Gurjit Khurana Hershey, Berran Yucesoy, Victor J. Johnson, André Cartier, Denyse Gautrin, Joaquin Sastre, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Jean-Luc Malo, Santiago Quirce, Susan M. Tarlo, Stacy Langmeyer, Michael I. Luster, Zana L. Lummus
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
An improved basis for enzymatic estimation of infarct size.
Authors: R Roberts, P D Henry, B E Sobel
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Infarct size has been estimated from serial serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) changes, but the contribution of noncardiac CPK may interfere. Results would also be influenced if CPK disappearance varied with hemodynamic changes. Since MB CPK is a marker more specific to myocardium. infarct size was estimated from serum MB changes in 16 patients. In addition, 21 chronically instrumented conscious dogs subjected to tachycardia, decreased cardiac output or hepatic or renal ischemia were studied to evaluate the dependence of CPK disappearance on hemodynamics. MB CPK in human tissue extracts and serum was quantified with a new, rapid, glass bead-batch adsorption technique, verified with CPK isoenzymes prepared from human myocardium. Among tissues surveyed, only myocardium contained appreciable MB CPK. Infarct size estimated from MB correlated with total serum CPK in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction (r=0.97, N=12). In patients with infarction given intramusclar injections, total CPK curves were distorted but MB CPK curves were not apparently affected. Hemodynamic alterations in conscious dogs did not markedly affect the disappearance rate (kd) of intravenously injected, radioactively labeled, canine myocardial CPK, although kd was shown to depend on reticuloendothelial system activity. These findings suggest that estimation of the extent of infarction based on serum MB CPK should be useful despite hemodynamic deterioration associated with infarction or interference of noncardiac CPK.
The Taccalonolides: Microtubule Stabilizers That Circumvent Clinically Relevant Taxane Resistance Mechanisms
Authors: April L. Risinger, Evelyn M. Jackson, Lisa A. Polin, Gregory L. Helms, Desiree A. LeBoeuf, Patrick A. Joe, Elizabeth Hopper-Borge, Richard F. Ludueña, Gary D. Kruh, Susan L. Mooberry
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The taccalonolides are a class of structurally and mechanistically distinct microtubule-stabilizing agents isolated from Tacca chantrieri. A crucial feature of the taxane family of microtubule stabilizers is their susceptibility to cellular resistance mechanisms including overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7), and the βIII isotype of tubulin. The ability of four taccalonolides, A, E, B, and N, to circumvent these multidrug resistance mechanisms was studied. Taccalonolides A, E, B, and N were effective in vitro against cell lines that overexpress Pgp and MRP7. In addition, taccalonolides A and E were highly active in vivo against a doxorubicin- and paclitaxel-resistant Pgp-expressing tumor, Mam17/ADR. An isogenic HeLa-derived cell line that expresses the βIII isotype of tubulin was generated to evaluate the effect of βIII-tubulin on drug sensitivity. When compared with parental HeLa cells, the βIII-tubulin–overexpressing cell line was less sensitive to paclitaxel, docetaxel, epothilone B, and vinblastine. In striking contrast, the βIII-tubulin–overexpressing cell line showed greater sensitivity to all four taccalonolides. These data cumulatively suggest that the taccalonolides have advantages over the taxanes in their ability to circumvent multiple drug resistance mechanisms. The ability of the taccalonolides to overcome clinically relevant mechanisms of drug resistance in vitro and in vivo confirms that the taccalonolides represent a valuable addition to the family of microtubule-stabilizing compounds with clinical potential. [Cancer Res 2008;68(21):8881–8]
A Central Role for the ERK-Signaling Pathway in Controlling Schwann Cell Plasticity and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vivo
Authors: Ilaria Napoli, Luke A. Noon, Sara Ribeiro, Ajay P. Kerai, Simona Parrinello, Laura H. Rosenberg, Melissa J. Collins, Marie C. Harrisingh, Ian J. White, Ashwin Woodhoo, Alison C. Lloyd
Journal: Neuron (2012)
MULTILOCULAR TUBO-OVARIAN CYSTS IN JUVENILES
Authors: William Lee Secor
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Large ovarian cysts are not of common occurrence in young girls. Up to 1905, only sixty-one ovarian cysts in children had been reported. Since that date thirty-eight more have been recorded. Most of these were not very large, but a few were enormous. The most remarkable one was that reported by Keen<sup>1</sup>in 1893. It occurred in a girl, aged 15 years, from whom he removed a cystic ovarian tumor weighing 111 pounds (50Kg.), and the fluid removed weighed 84 pounds (38 Kg.). The child weighed only 68 pounds (31 Kg.). Keen remarks that after the removal of the tumor the abdominal cavity looked almost like that of an eviscerated cadaver in the dissecting room. The child made a good recovery. In 1921, Findley<sup>2</sup>reported a case of ovarian cyst in a girl, aged 15 years. The cyst was of the right ovary, was thin walled and
Interaction of vasopressin and prostaglandins in the toad urinary bladder.
Authors: J E Bisordi, D Schlondorff, R M Hays
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Prostaglandins are important modulators of the action of vasopressin. Others researchers have proposed that vasopressin stimulates prostaglandin synthesis, completing a negative feedback loop and thereby limiting vasopressin's antidiuretic effect. We have re-examined this question, using specific radioimmunoassay and thin-layer radiochromatography to determine prostaglandin synthesis by the toad bladder. Under control conditions, the bladder synthesizes prostaglandin (PG)E2 and thromboxane (TX)B2. There was no evidence for synthesis of PGE1 or PGF2 alpha by radioimmunoassay, or of other prostaglandins by radiochromatography. Furthermore, there was no evidence for metabolism of PGE2 by the bladder. Using a variety of protocols, in isolated epithelial cells as well as intact bladders, we were unable to detect any significant increase in PGE2 or TXB2 synthesis after stimulation with arginine vasopressin (AVP) or deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). Arachidonic acid, the specific precursor of prostaglandin synthesis, increased PGE2 synthesis twofold, and significantly inhibited AVP- and DDAVP-stimulated water flow by 60 and 75%, respectively. Naproxen and acetaminophen inhibited prostaglandin synthesis and enhanced water flow in response to AVP and DDAVP (44-54%). Our findings indicate that the toad bladder produces tow prostaglandins, PGE2 and TXB2, and that vasopressin does not alter their rate of synthesis. Because agents such as acetaminophen and naproxen inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and enhance vasopressin- and DDAVP-stimulated water flow, we suggest that it is the inhibitory effect of these agents on the hormone-independent rate of prostaglandin synthesis that is responsible for their enhancement of water flow. Furthermore, because AVP appears to increase prostaglandin synthesis by the intact kidney, we suggest that cells other than those of the collecting tubule are responsible for the increased prostaglandin production.
Transtracheal injection of saline in the investigation of pneumonia.
Authors: J T Macfarlane, M J Ward
Journal: BMJ (1984)

CommentBoth patients were extensively investigated for blood loss, and no cause was found other than the ulcers described.Idiopathic ulceration associated with malabsorption is invariably visible radiologically and on inspection at laparotomy.2The ulcers that we found were seen on 21 August