tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased mortality rate in diabetic rats submitted to acute experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: A NADEAU, G TANCREDE, C JOBIDON, C D'AMOURS, S ROUSSEAU-MIGNERON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Diabetes mellitus is well known to increase the death rate after acute myocardial infarction in humans. The mechanisms of this adverse effect of diabetes, however, remain unknown. In the present study an animal model was developed in which the influence of diabetes on the survival rate after acute myocardial infarction could be studied in more detail. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (45 mg X kg-1 intravenously) and kept in the study if one week later their tail blood glucose concentration was between 13.9 and 22.2 mmol X litre-1 after a four hour fast. Ten weeks later they underwent acute left coronary artery ligation. In comparison with control rats (n = 30), diabetic rats (n = 32) had a higher mortality in the first 20 minutes after acute coronary artery ligation (78% vs 53%; p less than 0.05 by chi 2 test). Creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme activity tended to increase less in surviving diabetic rats than in their non-diabetic counterparts. Moreover, blood samples collected a few minutes before the surgical procedure showed that diabetic rats dying within the first 20 minutes (n = 25) had higher mean (SEM) plasma glucose concentrations (26.9(0.5) vs 23.4(1.2) mmol X litre-1; p less than 0.01) and lower mean(SEM) plasma insulin concentrations (20(1) vs 26(2) mU X litre-1; p less than 0.05) than those (n = 7) that survived that critical period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NF-κB Hyperactivation in Tumor Tissues Allows Tumor-Selective Reprogramming of the Chemokine Microenvironment to Enhance the Recruitment of Cytolytic T Effector Cells
Authors: Ravikumar Muthuswamy, Erik Berk, Beth Fallert Junecko, Herbert J. Zeh, Amer H. Zureikat, Daniel Normolle, The Minh Luong, Todd A. Reinhart, David L. Bartlett, Pawel Kalinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Tumor infiltration with effector CD8(+) T cells (T(eff)) predicts longer recurrence-free survival in many types of human cancer, illustrating the broad significance of T(eff) for effective immunosurveillance. Colorectal tumors with reduced accumulation of T(eff) express low levels of T(eff)-attracting chemokines such as CXCL10/IP10 and CCL5/RANTES. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of enhancing tumor production of T(eff)-attracting chemokines as a cancer therapeutic strategy using a tissue explant culture system to analyze chemokine induction in intact tumor tissues. In different tumor explants, we observed highly heterogeneous responses to IFNα or poly-I:C (a TLR3 ligand) when they were applied individually. In contrast, a combination of IFNα and poly-I:C uniformly enhanced the production of CXCL10 and CCL5 in all tumor lesions. Moreover, these effects could be optimized by the further addition of COX inhibitors. Applying this triple combination also uniformly suppressed the production of CCL22/MDC, a chemokine associated with infiltration of T regulatory cells (T(reg)). The T(eff)-enhancing effects of this treatment occurred selectively in tumor tissues, as compared with tissues derived from tumor margins. These effects relied on the increased propensity of tumor-associated cells (mostly fibroblasts and infiltrating inflammatory cells) to hyperactivate NF-κB and produce T(eff)-attracting chemokines in response to treatment, resulting in an enhanced ability of the treated tumors to attract T(eff) cells and reduced ability to attract T(reg) cells. Together, our findings suggest the feasibility of exploiting NF-κB hyperactivation in the tumor microenvironment to selectively enhance T(eff) entry into colon tumors.
Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting — A Multimodal Solution to a Persistent Problem
Authors: Paul F. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Despite the introduction of new antiemetic agents, short-acting anesthetics, and minimally invasive surgical techniques, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting has remained largely unchanged over the past two decades.1 The high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting has persisted in part because of the tremendous growth in ambulatory surgery and the increased emphasis on earlier mobilization and discharge after both minor and major operations.Prophylactic use of antiemetics has become the standard approach to minimizing emetic symptoms after surgery because patients are more satisfied with this approach than with the treatment of symptoms when they occur in the postoperative . . .
Eurysternum (Extra-Wide Sternum)—A Rarely Recognized Developmental Anomaly Scintigraphic Appearances
Authors: HEE-MYUNG PARK, MARK F. SEIFERT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A rarely recognized extra-wide sternum was demonstrated by Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scans in two adult patients. One patient was a 53-year-old man with prostate cancer who had no sternal symptoms or known sternal deformity. The second patient was a 41-year-old man with carcinoma of the lung whose extra-wide sternum was associated with a pectus excavatum deformity involving the lower half of the mesosternum (corpus sternum). A proper name for this developmental abnormality, “eurysternum” (eury- Greek word meaning broad; wide), Is suggested. Two other patients, one with another type of wide sternum and another with a mesosternal foramen (fenestra sternii) deformity are also described. Related embryology and developmental anatomy of the sternum are reviewed.
Preventive Care in Diabetes Mellitus: Current Practice in Urban Health-Care System
Authors: Thomas H Payne, Barbara A Gabella, Sharon L Michael, Walter F Young, Jeffrey Pickard, Fred D Hofeldt, Frances Fan, Jerome S Stromberg, Richard F Hamman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Early identification and treatment of complications of diabetes mellitus may reduce the severity of the complications. As part of a program to reduce these complications in the Denver Department of Health and Hospitals patient population, our study determined how frequently preventive care, e.g., fundoscopic examinations, referral to an ophthalmologist, foot examinations, and assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, was provided to diabetic patients. With the use of billing records to identify a large sample of diabetic patients, a chart review of 544 patients was conducted. During the study year, the mean ± SE number of visits to primary-care clinics was 5.7 ± 0.22, with 86.4% having at least one visit. Most diabetic patients were seen by primary-care physicians; only 9% received care in a specialized diabetes clinic. Despite frequent primarycare visits, most diabetic patients in this county healthcare system did not have documentation of care to detect complications of diabetes mellitus, and referral services for detection and treatment of these complications were infrequently used. Moreover, among patients seen on &amp;gt;10 occasions in a primary-care setting, preventive care was not provided to 30% of the patients. Preventive care does not appear to be a regular part of a primary-care visit for most of the diabetic patients in this study.
Oral Contraceptives, Depression, and Libido
Authors: B. N. Herzberg, K. C. Draper, A. L. Johnson, G. C. Nicol
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Depression, headaches, and libido were rated in 272 women before starting a contraceptive method and at intervals during the first year of use—54 were fitted with an intrauterine device (I.U.D.) and 218 used one of three oral contraceptives. Side effects caused 25% of the oral contraceptive group and 13% of the I.U.D. group to stop the method. Depression, headaches, and loss of libido were the most common reasons for stopping oral contraceptives and breakthrough bleeding was the most common reason for stopping the I.U.D. The group of women who stopped or changed their oral contraceptives during the survey were compared with the group who remained on the same oral contraceptive throughout. The former had higher mean depression and neuroticism scores at the first clinic visit and contained more women with a history of premenstrual weepiness, depression during pregnancy, outpatient psychiatric treatment, and treatment with antidepressants. Changes in the depression, headache, and libido ratings throughout the survey are presented.
Integrated care for diabetes
Authors: P Chedin, J Cahen-Varsaux
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, — The Diabetes Integrated Care Evaluation Team reports a comparison of integrated care versus conventional care for diabetes.1 In our opinion the results of this study cannot be generalised to all diabetic patients, even if the exclusion criteria are taken into account. The mean glycated haemoglobin concentration when the patients were recruited …
Experimental and Clinical Studies on Lactate and Pyruvate as Indicators of the Severity of Acute Circulatory Failure (Shock)
Authors: MAX HARRY WEIL, ABDELMONEN A. AFIFI
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The increase in lactate (L) and pyruvate (P) content of arterial blood during experimental and clinical shock states and the extent to which such increases serve as measures of oxygen deficit and irreversible injury were investigated on an empirical basis. A standardized method for production of hemorrhagic shock in the Wistar rat was employed. During a 4-hour bleeding period, oxygen consumption of the rat was reduced to approximately 40% of control value, pH was reduced from 7.39 to 7.08, and a concurrent increase in L from 0.80 to 6.06 m m and in P from 0.07 to 0.18 m m were observed. Cumulative oxygen debt correlated with log L (r = 0.50; P &lt; 0.0005) and both were significantly related to survival. Correlation of cumulative oxygen debt and survival, both with P and with computed values of the lactate pyruvate ratio (L/P) and excess lactate (XL), were of no higher magnitude. Partial correlation analysis demonstrated that neither the measurement of P nor the computation of L/P or XL improved predictability. In 142 patients who presented with clinical manifestation of circulatory shock and of whom 62 survived and 80 died, the best empirical discrimination between survivors and those who died was provided by measurement of L, which failed only 11% of the time. This was confirmed by discriminant function analysis in which the percentage probability of misclassification based on L was 12% whereas this probability increased to 21% with L/P and 19% with XL. The combination of XL and L/P with L failed to improve discrimination. In this series of patients, L served as a sensitive predictor; as L increased from 2.1 to 8.0 m m , the estimated probability of survival decreased from 90 to 10%. These studies corroborate that L alone serves as a reliable indicator, but neither the measurement of P nor the computation of L/P or XL was shown to improve either the reliability of L as a measure of cumulative oxygen debt or its value as a prognosticator of survival during shock states.
Severe Ocular Irritation and Corneal Deposits Associated with Capecitabine Use
Authors: Waikhom B, Fraunfelder Ft, Henner Wd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

High-Fiber Diet and Colorectal AdenomasTo the Editor: I am concerned that the report by Schatzkin and colleagues (April 20 issue) 1 may lead many people to conclude erroneously that diet does not affect susceptibility to colon cancer, even though the hypothesis was not adequately tested.According to Table 3 of the report, dietary fat decreased from 35.6 percent at randomization to 23.8 percent at four years in the intervention group and from 36.0 to 33.9 percent in the control group.Consumption of red meat decreased from 93.2 to 74.5 g per day in the intervention group and from 97.9 to 94.9 g per day in the control group.However, plasma total cholesterol decreased only from 5.30 to 5.27 mg per deciliter in the intervention group and from 5.29 to 5.27 mg per deciliter in the control group (log-transformed values); these decreases represent 2 percent and 1 percent in the absolute cholesterol concentrations, respectively.Reductions of this magnitude in the intake of dietary fat and red meat in the intervention group (if they really occurred) should have caused a greater reduction in the plasma total cholesterol level -in any event, greater than that in the control group, which did not occur.Also, weight was essentially unchanged in both groups.The logical conclusion is that the patients in the intervention group were actually consuming a diet very similar to that of the control group.This would not be surprising, since it is difficult to motivate people to make and maintain dietary changes in large-scale studies, and it is equally difficult to obtain accurate dietary information in clinical trials.But it is as erroneous to claim that dietary fat and cholesterol intake have no effect on colon cancer as it is to say that they have no effect on plasma total cholesterol.It is a great disservice for the authors to conclude, "In summary, our study provided no evidence that a diet low in fat and high in fiber, fruits, and vegetables reduces the risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas."When headlines to this effect appeared widely in the media, they left many people with the belief that diet makes no difference, whereas, in fact, we do not yet know whether this is true.
Kidneys With Single Pyramids-Reply
Authors: Margaret Bischel
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The letter by Dr Bernstein commenting on our report of a solitary renal calix refers to a poorly defined category of renal disease occurring mainly in children termed renal hypoplasias or dysplasias. Although our case belongs to this broad category, the finding of a single calix remains extremely rare. We remain aware of only the one other case we cited and reference 1 cited by Dr Bernstein. We have reviewed his other references that pertain to renal hypoplasias or dysplasias but do not report anatomical or histologic findings similar to those in our patient.
Jejunal bacterial overgrowth and intestinal permeability in children with immunodeficiency syndromes.
Authors: C Pignata, G Budillon, G Monaco, E Nani, R Cuomo, G Parrilli, F Ciccimarra
Journal: Gut (1990)

Seventeen paediatric patients with immunodeficiency syndromes (10 with selective IgA deficiency, four with panhypogammaglobulinaemia, and three with selective T cell deficiency) were investigated for bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine and gut permeability to macromolecules. Five of 12 patients showed viable bacterial counts of more than 2 x 10(5)/ml in jejunal fluid. Bacterial overgrowth was also confirmed indirectly by breath hydrogen determination, which was higher than 10 ppm in four of the five patients with positive jejunal culture. Gut permeability to lactulose and L-rhamnose was abnormal in 16 of the 17 immunodeficient patients, who also had higher mean urinary excretion ratios than control subjects-mean (SD) values were 0.216 (0.160) and 0.029 (0.002), respectively. These studies indicate that bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine is a common feature in immunodeficient patients, regardless of the immunological abnormality. Moreover, these patients have an increased gut permeability to macromolecules.
Thrombocytopenia and Sarcoidosis
Authors: Cameron W. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Value of oblique tomography in tracheal stenosis due to retrosternal goitre.
Authors: P Ward, A N Khan
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Cobalt cardiomyopathy in a patient on maintenance haemodialysis Cobalt has been incriminated in cardiomyopathies in Quebec beer drinkers,' a person exposed to industrial cobalt,2 and in patients on maintenance haemodialysis with3 and without4 cobalt therapy.We report a case of cardiomyopathy in a 17-year-old girl on maintenance haemodialysis who was given cobalt. Case reportMembranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in this patient in 1969 when aged 9 and haemodialysis was started in 1974.She had inter- mittent hypertension from 1973 to 1976.Bilateral nephroureterectomy was performed in 1976 because of hypertension and ureteric reflux.From 1975 she had recurrent attacks of severe symptomatic anaemia which, despite iron and folic acid therapy, required frequent transfusions, causing fluid overload.Photomicrograph showing an area of myocardial necrosis. (Haematoxylin and eosin.x 124.)Cobaltous chloride 25 mg twice daily was given from August 1976 to April 1977 for the anaemia.In April 1977 she presented with dyspnoea and intermittent central chest pain.She was hypotensive and had raised venous pressure, gallop rhythm, and varying cardiac arrhythmias (supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation).A severe hyperkalaemia was probably due to the acidosis of poor tissue perfusion.Chest radiography showed globular cardiomegaly, and echocardiography indicated a moderate pericardial effusion and poor left ventricular contraction.Deterioration was rapid and intractable.In a situation of low cardiac output, raised venous pressure, hyperkalaemia, and haemodialysis a haemorrhagic pericardial effusion had to be excluded urgently.A pericardial window was fashioned at operation.Only 0 2 1 of straw-coloured pericardial fluid was obtained.There was cardiomegaly and a pale myocardium with feeble contractions.Contractions did not improve after excision of part of the pericardium.The patient died a few days later from intractable biventricular failure.Necropsy showed gross cardiac dilatation.The valves were normal and the coronary arteries had no atheroma.The myocardium looked strikingly unusual to the naked eye, with discrete pale patches due to subepicardial necrosis, quite unlike that seen in diffuse ischaemia.There was no histo- logical evidence of pericarditis and muscle fibres were separated by fibrous tissue with relatively few inflammatory cells.The fibres were vacuolated with loss of striations and irregular, very large nuclei (figure).Some fibres contained PAS-positive granules.Stains for amylase and lipopolysaccharide deposition were negative.These changes were similar to those reported in men exposed to cobalt and also in experimental animals.5 Assay of cobalt in necropsy specimens of myocardium by neutron activation analysis showed 8-9 parts per million (dried tissue).This is similar to concentrations found in other cases of cobalt exposure in maintenance dialysis.A "normal" value has been quoted as about 0-2 parts per million.3
How should nasal symptoms be investigated in asthma? A comparison of radiologic and endoscopic findings
Authors: C. Raherison, M. Montaudon, D. Stoll, B. Wallaert, J. Darras, P. Chanez, L. Crampette, A. Magnan, P. Demessi, J. P. Orlando, A. Didier, E. Serrano, A. Prud'homme, J. C. Meurice, J. M. Klossek, J. M. Tunon‐de‐Lara
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: To improve asthma control, the management of rhinosinusitis often leads the physician to perform sinonasal imaging and/or nasal endoscopy, but their respective contributions are still insufficiently understood. Objective: To evaluate the potential contribution of a symptoms questionnaire, sinus radiography (SR) and computed tomography (CT) scan to the diagnosis of nasal diseases in asthmatic patients when compared with ENT examination. Methods: A total of 124 patients completed a questionnaire on nasal symptoms administered by the chest physician. Then, they underwent ENT examination. On the same day, SR and CT scans were performed independently. Results: Patients (80.3%) had nasal symptoms during the month preceding the consultation. The ENT examination was normal in 8.1% ( n = 10) and revealed rhinitis in 57.3% ( n = 71), rhinosinusitis in 14.5% ( n = 18) and nasal polyposis in 20.2% ( n = 25). For rhinitis, the negative predictive value of bilateral nasal obstruction was 87.8%. Both SR and CT had low sensitivity and specificity. For rhinosinusitis, the negative predictive value of nasal symptoms varied from 85.4 to 95.2%. Sinus CT was at least as accurate as SR for the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis. In a multivariate analysis, only the CT scan (score ≥12) appeared to be significantly associated with the diagnosis of nasal polyposis. Conclusion: In asthmatic patients, physicians need to enquire systematically about the existence of nasal symptoms by using this simple questionnaire which is sensitive for rhinitis, and has good negative predictive value for excluding rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis.
FIVE CASES OF SARCOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK.
Authors: VIDA A. LATHAM
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Many times it falls to the lot of some practitioners to see in dental surgery cases of mistaken diagnosis which become interesting studies. The question may be asked, "is the mistake altogether the fault of the graduate in dentistry or due to insufficient opportunities?" In looking back we find the training of a dental student decidedly deficient in many branches, just as is true of the medical man. Take for example the subject of oral surgery. The general type of teacher is often the instructor or assistant to the professor of surgery in the medical department (if the institution belongs to a university), a man who has seldom done anything beyond the more common minor operations, who knows little or nothing of the needs of the dental surgeon, and who often regards the dentist as not needing to know much beyond a few minor surgical subjects, such as wounds, fractures
Bronchial Artery Embolization for Massive Hemoptysis
Authors: Mark H. Wholey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Improved angiographic techniques have proved that therapeutic embolization is effective in controlling massive hemorrhage in selected sites of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. We have controlled massive hemoptysis in five cases with use of our improved techniques and bronchial artery embolization. Because mortality due to massive hemoptysis in both benign and malignant disease is high, therapeutic bronchial artery embolization is the preferable approach in some cases.