tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOME PUZZLING ASPECTS OF PAIN IN THE CHEST
Authors: TINSLEY R. HARRISON
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our present knowledge of the causes of pain in the chest is rather meager. This is in contrast to the situation as regards abdominal pain, and the explanation for the difference is probably to be found in the frequency with which patients presenting obscure abdominal pain are subjected to surgical exploration. Thus the cause of the pain is determined and the disease process is correlated with the patient's symptoms. When there is an obscure pain in the chest the diagnosis can frequently be arrived at only by autopsy, which is carried out in a relatively small percentage of cases. Nevertheless the results of thorough clinical study are not altogether fruitless in such cases, and it is with some findings arrived at by this method that I wish to deal here. When approaching a patient with chronic pain in the chest one should remember that there is only one common serious
Carbon nanotubes enhance intercalated disc assembly in cardiac myocytes via the β1-integrin-mediated signaling pathway
Authors: Hongyu Sun, Shuanghong Lü, Xiao-Xia Jiang, Xia Li, Hong Li, Qiuxia Lin, Yongchao Mou, Yuwei Zhao, Yao Han, Jin Zhou, Changyong Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
US Effort to Eliminate Syphilis Moving Forward
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 797: Gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines acquire an invasive phenotype with characteristics of EMT
Authors: Betty Samulitis, Lee Wisner, Robert Dorr, Terry H. Landowski
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gemcitabine is currently the standard first line treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer, however overall survival remains poor, and few options are available for patients that fail gemcitabine therapy. To identify potential molecular targets in gemcitabine refractory pancreatic cancer, we have developed gemcitabine resistant cell lines. Resistant cells were obtained by continuous exposure of MiaPaCa2 (MP) cells with increasing concentrations of gemcitabine. Stable cell lines were obtained with up to 500-fold resistance to gemcitabine. Characterization of the drug resistance cell lines has demonstrated no significant changes in gemcitabine uptake or metabolic pathways. The growth rate and doubling time of the drug resistant cell line is very similar to the parental drug sensitive cells with only small differences in response to gemcitabine. Cross resistance profiles demonstrate approximately 100-fold cross resistance to pyrimidine nucleoside cytarabine, but no resistance to the same in class agents, azacytidine and decitabine. Similarly, the gemcitabine resistant (GR) cell line displays 20-fold and 10-fold cross resistance to the purine nucleosides clofarabine and cladribine, respectively, but no differential response to fludarabine. Cell morphology of the drug resistant cells demonstrates characteristics of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Similarly, the GR cells are 5-fold more invasive in matrigel assays in vitro, and are significantly more aggressive in vivo. Microarray analysis demonstrated induced expression of several signaling pathways associated with EMT, including c-kit, TGFβ, and the JAG1/Notch axis. These data suggest that the primary mechanism of gemcitabine resistance is not related to alterations in drug uptake or metabolism, rather, the phenotype may reflect the selection of an intrinsic mechanism of enhanced cell survival. They further support a relationship between chemoresistance and EMT, and provide evidence for molecular pathways that may emerge as therapeutic targets in refractory pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 797. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-797
Belated Transverse Presentation with Recovery in Twin Pregnancy
Authors: J. B. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Poisoning after One Instillation of Atropine DropsAtropine poisoning following instillation of the, drug into the conjunctival sac is not widely recognized, though it is probably more frequent than the small number of cases recorded would suggest.A fatality is reported by Rockliffe in a sickly infant aged 10 months-the subject of congenital cataract.Three drops of 1 -per cent.atropine
THE RELATION OF ANAPHYLACTIC DISTURBANCES TO ARTHRITIS
Authors: JOHN A. TURNBULL
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Despite the great prevalence of arthritis, the destructive character of its lesions, and the incalculable amount of suffering and economic loss that it causes, the etiology of this widespread malady is still very much in doubt, and the foremost authorities fail to agree on any rational treatment by which its ravages may be controlled. Animal experimentation has demonstrated that the early pathologic changes induced by arthritis are swelling and congestion of the synovial membrane, accompanied by increased growth and desquamation of the lining cells and infiltration of the membranes with lymphoid cells. This is soon followed by an exudation and, as the condition progresses, definite articular and periarticular changes take place, with the production of pain and limitation of motion, and the gradual increase of permanent deformity, which frequently results in the complete incapacity of the patient. The different manifestations of arthritis have been variously classified, but it is rather
From Human to Mouse and Back: 'Tumorgraft' Models Surge in Popularity
Authors: K. Garber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Mouse xenograft models of cancer, understandably, have a terrible reputation. Although researchers and companies routinely use these human tumors in mice for preclinical drug testing, individual models poorly predict how drugs will act in the clinic. Retrospective re views published by the National Cancer Institute in 2001 and the National Cancer Institute of Canada in 2003 came to the same conclusion: Drugs that work against cancer in xenograft mice rarely work in people with the same tumor, with the exception of lung
APPENDICECTOMY—SURGICAL HISTORY. (1758-1888).
Authors: B. MERRILL RICKETTS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Mestivier, in 1758, was the first to record a case of lesion of the appendix. Eight years later, in 1766, De La Motte refers to a case which he found on making an autopsy. Laennec, in 1803, by his studies on the peritoneum made some headway. But no one seemed to have remarked the significance of his discoveries. In 1824 Lonyer-Wildermay reported a fatal case of peritonitis and gave the perforation of the vermiform appendix as the cause. Husson and Dance, in 1827, gave a detailed description of the diseases of the cecum. Both Lonyer-Wildermay and Melier believed that the diseases of the cecum and appendix were separate and distinct. Melier, in 1827, reported four cases, three of which were perforations of the appendix with fulminating peritonitis. He considered the causes, character and consequences of appendicitis; he even anticipated the possible advantages of operation. He says: "If it were possible
Abstract LB-245: MicroRNA-100 targets silencing mediator for retinoid receptors (SMRT), reduces proliferation, and improves survival in glioblastoma.
Authors: Bahauddeen M. Alrfaei, Raghu Vemuganti, John S. Kuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Improved therapeutic approaches are needed for the most common primary adult brain cancer, Glioblastoma (GBM) because of the current dismal median survival of less than two years. We identified and tested the differentially expressed microRNA-100 (MiR-100) as a candidate ‘tumor suppressor’ in GBM. Quantitative PCR validated differential microRNA array results showing high miR-100 expression in normal cells and low expression in multiple GBM lines. MiR-100 overexpression via transfection of 4 GBM lines with miR-100 precursor (U87, U251, patient-derived 22T and 33T) reduced proliferation on MTS assays (average 50% ± 15; p &amp;lt; 0.05). TUNEL assays showed that transient transfection of 15 pmole of miR-100 per 500K GBM tumor cells triggered apoptosis 70% more than scrambled control miR after 24 hrs (p &amp;lt; 0.01). SMRT was identified as a candidate miR100 target in multiple miRNA databases, and validated with miR100-specific inhibition in a luciferase-SMRT 3′UTR reporter assay. In addition, a single dose of pre-mir-100 (60 pmol) injected directly into intracranial GBM xenografts significantly extended survival 30% more than mice injected with control scrambled miRNA (p &amp;lt; 0.01; n=8). GBM lines that stably overexpressed miR-100 two-fold over similar control transfected GBM lines were created for in vivo studies: 10x6 cells were implanted for tumor xenograft histology and survival analysis. Significantly reduced Ki-67 proliferation index was observed compared to control (mir-100 vector: 18±14% Ki-67+; empty vector: 100±11% Ki-67+; p &amp;lt; 0.01). Two-fold over-expression of miR-100 in vivo showed an average of 70% reduction in Ki-67 proliferation index. Furthermore, miR-100 overexpressing cells were associated with significantly smaller xenografts than injection of sibling control GBM cells. These studies establish the ‘tumor suppressor’ activity of miR-100 in GBM, which may lead to further developments as novel GBM therapies. Citation Format: Bahauddeen M. Alrfaei, Raghu Vemuganti, John S. Kuo. MicroRNA-100 targets silencing mediator for retinoid receptors (SMRT), reduces proliferation, and improves survival in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-245. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-245
Hyponatraemia Syndrome in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: M. A. Mir, I. W. Delamore
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Hyponatraemia was observed in 11 out of 14 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and its variants. Metabolic studies on these patients revealed an early increase in the urinary sodium excretion, negative free water clearance, and urine osmolality inappropriately higher than that of the serum. It is postulated that this syndrome is caused by a substance released from the primitive cells of the abnormal myeloid series.
In vitro release kinetics of biologically active transforming growth factor-β1 from a novel porous glass carrier
Authors: Steven B. Nicoll, Shulamith Radin, Eric M. Santos, Rocky S. Tuan, Paul Ducheyne
Journal: Biomaterials (1997)

Sol-gel silica-based porous glass (xerogel) was used as a novel carrier material for recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Room temperature synthesis procedures included sol preparation, the addition of TGF-β1 solution to the sol, subsequent gelation and drying. After determination of optimal synthesis parameters, the material was assayed in vitro for its ability to release biologically active TGF-β1 in a controlled manner. Sustained release of TGF-β1 over a 7-day period was demonstrated. On the basis of published TGF-β1 potency, the amount released is capable of eliciting bone tissue reactivity. These findings suggest that this novel glass-growth factor composite may serve as an effective bone graft material for the repair of osseous defects.
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Larynx
Authors: J. E. G. Pearson
Journal: BMJ (1957)

MEDICAL MEMORANDABRM 1047other fatal case of purpura was mentioned at a discussion on quinidine therapy (Gold, 1954), but details are not available.Although spontaneous recovery is the rule, it is by no means certain or predictable.In view of the action of cortisone and corticotrophin in suppressing antigen-antibody reactions, there are good grounds for the early use of these drugs in all cases of drug purpura.CONCLUSIONS A test dose of quinidine, however small, is contraindicated in patients who have had purpura due to quinidine.Drug purpura should be treated with cortisone or corticotrophin, since the condition is potentially fatal and antigen-antibody reactions appear to be involved.
The ABC rule for clinical detection of subungual melanoma
Authors: Eyal K. Levit, Mark H. Kagen, Richard K. Scher, Marc Grossman, Emily Altman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)

Background: Subungual melanoma is a relatively rare disease with reported incidence between 0.7% to 3.5% of all melanoma cases in the general population. Unlike the significant improvement in the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma, the diagnosis of subungual melanoma has shown little, if any, improvement over the years. The widespread adoption of the ABCDs of cutaneous melanoma has helped increase public and physician awareness, and thus helped increase the early detection of cutaneous melanoma; the same criteria cannot be applied to the examination of the nail pigmentation. Objective: We reviewed the world literature on subungual melanoma and arranged the available information into a system for the identification of subungual melanoma. This system has to be thorough, easy to remember, and easy to apply by both physician and lay public. A case to illustrate the delayed diagnosis often encountered in the current evaluation of nail melanoma is presented. Methods: A thorough review of the world literature on subungual melanoma was undertaken. The important findings of various studies and case reports were compared among themselves and the salient features were summarized. The information was then categorized under the easily recalled letters of the alphabet, ABCD, that have already become associated with melanoma. Results: The most salient features of subungual melanoma can be summarized according to the newly devised criteria that may be categorized under the first letters of the alphabet, namely ABCDEF of subungual melanoma. In this system A stands for a ge (peak incidence being in the 5th to 7th decades of life and A frican Americans, A sians, and native A mericans in whom subungual melanoma accounts for up to one third of all melanoma cases. B stands for brown to black b and with breadth of 3 mm or more and variegated borders. C stands for c hange in the nail band or lack of change in the nail morphology despite, presumably, adequate treatment. D stands for the d igit most commonly involved; E stands for e xtension of the pigment onto the proximal and/or lateral nailfold (ie, Hutchinson’s sign); and F stands for f amily or personal history of dysplastic nevus or melanoma. Conclusion: Although each letter of the alphabet of subungual melanoma is important, one must use all the letters together to improve early detection and thus survival of subungual melanoma. Still, as with cutaneous melanoma, the absolute diagnosis of subungual melanoma is made by means of a biopsy. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:269-74.)
Excessive Tumor Necrosis Factor Activation After Infarction Contributes to Susceptibility of Myocardial Rupture and Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Mei Sun, Fayez Dawood, Wen-Hu Wen, Manyin Chen, Ian Dixon, Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum, Peter P. Liu
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— We investigated the potential contributions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the incidence of acute myocardial rupture and subsequent chronic cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI) in TNF knockout (TNF −/− ) mice compared with C57/BL wild-type (WT) mice. Methods and Results— Animals were randomized to left anterior descending ligation or sham operation and killed on days 3, 7, 14, and 28. We monitored cardiac rupture rate, cardiac function, inflammatory response, collagen degradation, and net collagen formation. We found the following: (1) within 1 week after MI, 53.3% (n=120) of WT mice died of cardiac rupture, in contrast to 2.5% (n=80) of TNF −/− mice; (2) inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression were significantly higher in the infarct zone in WT than TNF −/− mice on day 3; (3) matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 activity in the infarcted myocardium was significantly higher in WT than in TNF −/− mice on day 3; (4) on day 28 after MI compared with sham, there was a significant decrease in LV developed pressure (74%) and ±dP/dt max (68.3%/65.3%) in WT mice but a less significant decrease in ±dP/dt max (25.8%/28.8%) in TNF −/− mice; (5) cardiac collagen volume fraction was lower in WT than in TNF −/− mice on days 3 and 7 but higher on day 28 compared with TNF −/− mice; and (6) a reduction in myocyte apoptosis in TNF −/− mice occurred on day 28 compared with WT mice. Conclusions— Elevated local TNF-α in the infarcted myocardium contributes to acute myocardial rupture and chronic left ventricle dysfunction by inducing exuberant local inflammatory response, matrix and collagen degradation, increased matrix metalloproteinase activity, and apoptosis.
Subverting sterols: rerouting an oxysterol-signaling pathway to promote tumor growth
Authors: Autumn G. York, Steven J. Bensinger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol that are generated enzymatically or through autoxidation. Initially identified as important lipid signaling molecules in the context of atherosclerosis and inflammation, accumulated evidence indicates that these lipid-signaling molecules can have pleiotropic effects on the fate and function of the immune system. These effects range from the regulation of immune cell survival and proliferation to chemotaxis and antiviral immunity. New studies now indicate that tumor-derived oxysterols can serve to subvert the immune system by recruiting protumorigenic neutrophils into the tumor microenvironment. The consequence of this recruitment is the generation of proangiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinase proteins that provide a tumor a significant growth and survival advantage. In combination with other recent studies, these data highlight the ongoing cross talk between sterol metabolism and the immune system, and they raise the intriguing possibility that targeting oxysterol pathways could serve as a novel therapeutic approach in the war on cancer.
Watchfulness may not be as good as surgery for prostate cancer
Authors: P. B Silcocks
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Gottlieb's news story that watchful waiting is as good as surgery in prostate cancer raises three issues.1

Firstly, the conclusion would be possible only if the study had been specifically designed as a non-inferiority or equivalence trial and the resulting confidence limits lay within a prespecified and widely accepted interval.

Secondly, …
Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells — Friend or Foe of Neoplastic Cells?
Authors: Giorgio Parmiani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

During the past 20 years, there have been many reports of the presence of inflammatory and immune-cell infiltrates in various neoplasms, including colorectal cancer. Initially, these findings were thought to indicate that although the immune system can recognize autologous tumor cells, it mounts an ineffective response to them. In the 1990s, functional studies demonstrated the presence of HLA-restricted T cells specific for colorectal cancer in populations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients with colorectal cancer. Since there were negligible numbers of such T cells in the blood of control subjects, the findings indicated that some of the . . .
Psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents. Phobias linked to chronic pain.
Authors: K Kuch
Journal: BMJ (1993)

fear of the dark, sleep disturbance, reluctance to cross roads or travel by car, and a preoccupation with road safety.Those involved in the psychological treatment of adult survivors of road traffic accidents should be aware of the possible significance of behavioural disturbance in children in the survivors' families.As children's symptoms may be closely linked to parental psychopathology (for example, post- traumatic stress disorder in a parent impedes the long term recovery of affected children5), we suggest that it may sometimes be appropriate to refer affected parents and children to children's mental health services, which emphasises a family perspective in assessment and treatment.
Wound Care Practice
Authors: David A. Wrone
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clonal expansion and TCR-independent differentiation shape the HIV-specific CD8+ effector-memory T-cell repertoire in vivo
Authors: Dirk Meyer-Olson, Brenna C. Simons, Joseph A. Conrad, Rita M. Smith, Louise Barnett, Shelly L. Lorey, Coley B. Duncan, Ramesh Ramalingam, Spyros A. Kalams
Journal: Blood (2010)
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma 24 Years After Nephrectomy
Authors: John C. Donaldson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Recurrence of renal carcinoma 20 years after primary resection is uncommon. A patient is reported in whom two pulmonary metastases developed 24 years following nephrectomy for renal carcinoma. After a left lower lobectomy and a right pulmonary wedge resection were performed, he survived an additional two years before dying from metastatic disease. (<i>JAMA</i>236:950-951, 1976)
Minimally invasive surgery in sickle cell disease.
Authors: M Davenport, E R Howard, D W Green
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Rates of registration of gastric cancer (per 100000) by sex for 1962-5' and 1978-824 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, West Midlands region, and Scotland, standardised to world standard population (all ages) and to truncated world standard population (ages 35-64 only) Men Women