tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of ketotifen on symptoms and on bronchial mucosa in patients with atopic asthma
Authors: M. Hoshino, Y. Nakamura, Z. Shin, Y. Fukushima
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Ketotifen is marketed throughout the world as an antiallergy drug, but whether it affects infiltration of inflammatory cells into airway mucosa is not known. We studied the effects of ketotifen on symptoms, pulmonary function, and airway inflammation in 25 patients with atopic asthma. Patients took ketotifen (1 mg twice daily) or a matching placebo for 8 weeks in a double‐blind, parallel‐group study. Data recorded on diary cards were used for 2 weeks before treatment began, and they were used for the last 2 weeks of treatment to study asthma symptoms, use of β2–agonists, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Pulmonary function tests, bronchial responsiveness to methacholine, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy were performed before and after treatment. Biopsy specimens were obtained by bronchoscopy. Specimens were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies against stored eosinophil cationic protein (EG1), the secreted form of eosinophil cationic protein (EG2), mast‐cell tryptase (AA1), neutrophil elastase (NP57), CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD25. The numbers of positively stained cells in the lamina propria were counted. Compared with the placebo, the ketotifen‐treated group exhibited significant improvement of asthma symptoms ( P &lt;0.05) and bronchial responsiveness (P&lt;0.05). This was accompanied by a reduction of EG2+ eosinophils ( P &lt;0.05), CD3+ T cells ( P &lt;0.001), CD4+ T cells (P&lt;0.01), and CD25+ activated T cells ( P &lt;0.01) in the bronchial mucosa. These results suggested that the beneficial effects of ketotifen in bronchial asthma may result from consequent inhibition of activated eosinophils and T‐cell recruitment into the airway. Moreover, ketotifen may relieve allergic inflammation in bronchial asthma.
Uterine Suction during Orgasm
Authors: V. R. Pickles
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDICBALJOURNAL 427 of four adult patients with the nephrotic syn- drome that there was a great increase in inhibitory effect on fibrinolysis by their plasma compared with age-and sex-matched controls.In each of these patients serum alpha-2 globulin was increased.I would also draw attention to the fact that though corticosteroids produce hyper- coagulability of the blood' they also markedly increase blood fibrinolytic activity,' but which of these actions predominates in any given circumstance is not known.-Iam, etc.,
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Problems in Taiwan
Authors: Chin-Hsiao Tseng
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

About half of all nontraumatic lower extremity amputations are performed on diabetic patients (1,2), and foot ulcers precede 71–84% of all lower extremity amputations (3,4). In the Caucasian population, 15% of diabetic patients will develop a foot ulcer during their lifetime (5), and 6–43% of diabetic patients with a foot ulcer will eventually progress to lower extremity amputation (3,4,6). To this author’s knowledge, there has not been any …
The Innocent Murmur: A Problem in Clinical Practice
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Combining an edited transcript of panel discussions with an extensive review of the literature, this book on innocent murmurs is a juxtaposition of the didactic and the discursive. So precipitous at times is the transition from the traditional presentation to the almost audible tape recording, that one must adjust to it as if to another medium. Is this the shape of books to come? As if to atone for textbook neglect of this subject, 27 leading experts in cardiology discuss in great (sometimes excessive) detail the diagnostic and management aspects of innocent murmurs, as well as their underlying acoustic principles, physiologic mechanisms, and methods of recording. They pay particular attention to Still's "twanging string" murmur, noted for its prevalence, and to late systolic murmurs recently stripped of their innocence. In their zeal for comprehensiveness they include such redundancies as the incidence of mammary souffle in Bantu women post partum, or
A Dose Escalation Single Arm Phase Ib Combination Study of BEZ235 with Everolimus in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: T. Wise-Draper, G. Moorthy, M. Salkeni, H. Thomas, C. Mercer, S. Kozma, G. Thomas, O. Rixe, P. Desai, J. Morris, O. Olowokure
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Brains have emulators with brains: Emulation economized
Authors: Ricarda I. Schubotz, D. Yves von Cramon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

This commentary addresses the neural implementation of emulation, mostly using findings from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Furthermore, both empirical and theoretical suggestions are discussed that render two aspects of emulation theory redundant: independent modal emulators and extra measurement of amodal emulation. This modified emulation theory can conceptually integrate simulation theory and also get rid of some problematic philosophical implications.
Ian Gibb Bogle
Authors: R. Barnett
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Ian Gibb Bogle came from a long line of Liverpudlian general practitioners and was a well known and respected GP in his home town.. He joined his father, John Bogle, as a partner in 1962, in a practice that was founded by his grandfather, George Bogle, in 1911, long before the NHS was established.

Ian Bogle was a true Scouser, having been brought up and educated in Liverpool. He graduated from Liverpool University and was awarded an honorary MD …
Survival in Women After Diagnosis of Lung Cancer—Reply
Authors: Olli S. Miettinen, Claudia I. Henschke
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patient Engagement During Medical Visits and Smoking Cessation Counseling
Authors: Peter Cunningham
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Increased patient engagement with health and health care is considered crucial to increasing the quality of health care and patient self-management of health.To examine whether patients with high levels of engagement during medical encounters are more likely to receive advice and counseling about smoking compared with less engaged patients.Cross-sectional survey using multivariate regression analysis of 8656 current and retired autoworkers and their spouses younger than 65 years who are or were employed by the 3 major US auto companies.Clinician advice and counseling about smoking; patients who tried to quit smoking.Among 1904 current smokers, 58.5% of those who were more highly engaged during medical encounters were counseled by clinicians about specific strategies and methods to stop smoking, compared with 45.4% of patients who were less engaged. Patient engagement and being advised by clinicians to stop smoking had independent effects on smoking cessation efforts by patients. Accounting for differences in other patient characteristics, patients with high engagement levels were more likely to try to stop smoking compared with patients with lower engagement (odds ratio, 1.62; P < .01). Patients who were both highly engaged and had received counseling from clinicians were the most likely to try to stop smoking (74.6%) while patients with low engagement who did not receive counseling were the least likely (46.0%). Nevertheless, counseling is still effective among even less engaged patients; 60.4% of smokers with low engagement who received counseling tried to quit smoking in the past year compared with 46.0% who did not receive counseling.The study results provide evidence that clinicians respond differently to patients who are highly engaged during medical encounters than they do to less engaged patients in terms of smoking cessation advice. Clinicians should not assume that low patient engagement and greater passivity during medical encounters is evidence of unwillingness to quit. The results show that smoking cessation counseling is associated with a higher likelihood of quit attempts even for patients who are less engaged during medical encounters.
Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery and Quality of Life
Authors: Alfred Coodley
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  I cannot agree with Dr Vaisrub that aortocoronary bypass surgery necessarily leads to a Quality of Life Manque (236:387, 1976). The fact that a substantial number of such individuals remain unemployed or do not return to work and have not, therefore, enhanced their social usefulness following this surgery does not indict such a procedure.  What it does emphasize is that a certain percentage of such patients give up their type A way of life, that some accept the dependency on insurance policy security, and that others never recover their self-confidence or motivation because of anxiety or depression.  The physician should certainly attempt to help such patients regain their self-confidence, but he should not endeavor to instill his own way of life and his own motivations in his patients. Obviously, it is a physician's responsibility to appraise as fully as possible not only his patient's feelings but those
PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Can Enhance HIV-1 Gag-specific T Cell Immunity Elicited by Dendritic Cell-Directed Lentiviral Vaccines
Authors: Bingbing Dai, Liang Xiao, Paul D Bryson, Jinxu Fang, Pin Wang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and upregulation of programmed death 1 (PD-1), a negative regulator of T cell activation, are characteristic features of individuals chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. In a previous study, we showed in mice that a dendritic cell-directed lentiviral vector (DCLV) system encoding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Gag protein was an efficient vaccine modality to induce a durable Gag-specific T cell immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that blocking of the PD-1/PD-1 ligand (PD-L) inhibitory signal via an anti-PD-L1 antibody generated an enhanced HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8+ immune response following both a single round of DCLV immunization and a homologous prime/boost regimen. The prime/boost regimen combined with PD-L1 blockade generated very high levels of Gag-specific CD8+ T cells comprising several valuable features: improved ability to produce multiple cytokines, responding to a broader range of Gag-derived epitopes, and long-lasting memory. This enhanced cellular immune response generated by DCLV immunization combined with anti-PD-L1 blockade correlated with improved viral control following challenge with Gag-expressing vaccinia virus. Taken together, our studies offer evidence to support the use of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as an adjuvant modality to enhance antigen-specific immune responses elicited by T cell-based immunizations such as DCLV. Exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and upregulation of programmed death 1 (PD-1), a negative regulator of T cell activation, are characteristic features of individuals chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. In a previous study, we showed in mice that a dendritic cell-directed lentiviral vector (DCLV) system encoding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Gag protein was an efficient vaccine modality to induce a durable Gag-specific T cell immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that blocking of the PD-1/PD-1 ligand (PD-L) inhibitory signal via an anti-PD-L1 antibody generated an enhanced HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8+ immune response following both a single round of DCLV immunization and a homologous prime/boost regimen. The prime/boost regimen combined with PD-L1 blockade generated very high levels of Gag-specific CD8+ T cells comprising several valuable features: improved ability to produce multiple cytokines, responding to a broader range of Gag-derived epitopes, and long-lasting memory. This enhanced cellular immune response generated by DCLV immunization combined with anti-PD-L1 blockade correlated with improved viral control following challenge with Gag-expressing vaccinia virus. Taken together, our studies offer evidence to support the use of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as an adjuvant modality to enhance antigen-specific immune responses elicited by T cell-based immunizations such as DCLV.
A kinder, gentler age
Authors: Nicholas Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2005)

With the Liberal Democrats promising to extend free personal care to all UK elderly people and to let local authorities commission health services, Nick Timmins finds the party's approach has a quite different feel from those of its rivals

Voters contemplating their choice in the run up to the general election on 5 May—and wanting to base that decision on policies for the health service—could be forgiven if they thought that two different NHSs were being debated in the election campaign.

One battle, between the Conservatives and Labour, looks set to focus on allegations that the extra billions that have been poured into the NHS have been wasted, as well as focusing on waiting lists, access, choice, and, above all, the use of the private sector.

The other, being fought by the Liberal Democrats, has a rather different feel. The party's headline policy is the introduction in England and Wales of the free personal care for elderly people that the Scots already get. This policy would, on the Liberal Democrats' own costings, add more than £1.5bn ($2.8bn; €2.2bn) to spending next year and around £9bn over the full life of the parliament.

Beyond that, the Liberal Democrats promise to “fight …
Cross‐reactivity to eel, eelpout and ocean pout in codfish‐allergic patients
Authors: E. Sten, T. K. Hansen, P. Stahl Skov, S. B. Andersen, AM. Torp, U. Bindslev‐Jensen, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, L. K. Poulsen
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Fish allergy is one of the most common food allergies in both children and adults and patients with allergic reactions to one fish species have in many cases been given the advice to avoid all fish, without further evaluation. The possible common reactivity between different fish species is not well studied. Because of this and a possible exploitation of fish species hitherto not much used in the Scandinavian diet ocean pout, eelpout and eel were evaluated. We examined the serological and biological cross‐reactivity of these species in double‐blind challenged‐confirmed codfish‐allergic patients using CAP, Maxisorp‐radio allergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition, western blot, skin prick test (SPT) and histamine release (HR). All 18 codfish allergic patients had specific IgE to ocean pout, eelpout and eel determined by Maxisorp‐RAST. All four fish species could induce basophil HR using blood from 16 of 18 patients and all patients tested reacted in SPT. This study demonstrates that patients with a verified clinical allergy to codfish in a high frequency express biological cross‐reactivity to other fish species. By RAST inhibition this common reactivity was shown to be a true cross‐reactivity.
The Anti-Community Mental Health "Movement"
Authors: MELVIN SABSHIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The author describes the opposition to community mental health that has developed among various professional and nonprofessional groups, indicating the reasons for their opposition. He believes that while coalitions will develop among several of the groups, there will be no unified anti-community mental health "movement." Community mental health advocates can help to meet the challenges of their critics by carrying on research and developing an adequate theoretical base for various forms of intervention.
Treatment of Vaginal Discharges
Authors: C. H. J. Bishop
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Prolonged-action ▼guanfacine (Intuniv—Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) is a non-stimulant drug that has recently been licensed in Europe for the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents aged 6–17 years for whom stimulants are unsuitable.<sup>1</sup> The company suggests that it has a unique mechanism of action in ADHD, providing improvement in core symptoms within 3 weeks with once-daily flexible dosing.<sup>2</sup> Here we review the evidence on the efficacy and safety of guanfacine in ADHD and consider whether it offers any advantages over other therapeutic options.
Prevention of Organ Damage in Massive Ethylene Glycol Ingestion
Authors: John B. Stokes
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ETHYLENE glycol is potentially lethal in adults when ingested in amounts greater than 100 mL.<sup>1</sup>Even smaller amounts can be lethal in children and can produce renal, cardiac, and CNS toxic reactions. The patient in the case reported in this article ingested many times the lethal dose. Because therapy was instituted rapidly, she recovered without any of the sequelae classically ascribed to ethylene glycol poisoning. This case provides evidence that the principles of toxicity and its prevention derived from animal models are applicable to man. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 33-year-old woman was brought to the Parkland Hospital emergency room one hour after drinking 2 L of ethylene glycol. She had been unable to self-induce vomiting. She was taking thioridazine for chronic paranoid schizophrenia and had attempted suicide on at least one other occasion. On examination she appeared mildly intoxicated but was noncombative. The blood pressure was 105/90 mm
The Scourge of Rheumatism
Authors: C. W. Buckley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1950)

This report of the proceedings at a conference held by the British Rheumatism Association opens with addresses by well known authorities on the treatment and general management of rheumatoid arthritis, which may be read with profit by the laity, since they bring the newest remedies into due perspective and correct erroneous ideas.The problem of the rural patient living often at a distance from any centre for treatment was thoroughly discussed and the need for physiotherapists in the smaller towns and villages emphasized.This is a matter which might well receive consideration as a part of the National Health Service, the available directories of physiotherapists seem to suggest that in many large towns there are far more than can make a living while in the smaller centres there are none.This is probably because the amount of work would be insufficient to provide a reasonable income, and a car might be a necessity and some form of subsidy or salary would be required, some arrangement of the kind would certainly relieve the strain on the ambulance service in many districts and thus effect an economy.The patient who is housebound, either from the degree of crippling or the burden of domestic duties, might find a visiting physiotherapist a great boon.Rehabilitation, the provision for employment of those who are crippled, and the work ofexisting voluntary organizations furnish the material for other addresses and discussions, and indicate how wide is the field for the further work which the British Rheumatic Association is seeking to do.
Release of matrix metalloproteinases following alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: William S Bradham, Himali Gunasinghe, Jennifer R Holder, Marlina Multani, Donna Killip, Marianne Anderson, Denise Meyer, William H Spencer, Guillermo Torre-Amione, Francis G Spinale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Mechanisms Regulating the Cardiac Output Response to Cyanide Infusion, a Model of Hypoxia
Authors: Chang-seng Liang, William E. Huckabee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

When tissue metabolic changes like those of hypoxia were induced by intra-aortic infusion of cyanide in dogs, cardiac output began to increase after 3 to 5 min, reached a peak (220% of the control value) at 15 min, and returned to control in 40 min. This pattern of cardiac output rise was not altered by vagotomy with or without atropine pretreatment. However, this cardiac output response could be differentiated into three phases by pretreating the animals with agents that block specific activities of the sympatho-adrenal system. First, ganglionic blockade produced by mecamylamine or sympathetic nerve blockade by bretylium abolished the middle phase of the cardiac output seen in the untreated animal, but early and late phases still could be discerned. Second, beta-adrenergic receptor blockade produced by propranolol shortened the total duration of the cardiac output rise by abolishing the late phase. Third, when given together, propranolol and mecamylamine (or bretylium) prevented most of the cardiac output rise that follows the early phase. When cyanide was given to splenectomized dogs, the duration of the cardiac output response was not shortened, but the response became biphasic, resembling that seen after chemical sympathectomy. A similar biphasic response of the cardiac output also resulted from splenic denervation; sham operation or nephrectomy had no effect on the monophasic pattern of the normal response. Splenic venous blood obtained from cyanide-treated dogs, when infused intraportally, caused an increase in cardiac output in recipient dogs; similar infusion of arterial blood had no effects. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE CARDIAC OUTPUT RESPONSE TO CYANIDE INFUSION CONSISTS OF THREE COMPONENTS: an early phase, related neither to the autonomic nervous system nor to circulating catecholamines; a middle phase, caused by a nonadrenergic humoral substance released from the spleen by sympathetic stimulation; and a late phase, dependent upon adrenergic receptors but not upon sympathetic transmission.