tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Histocompatibility System in Juvenile, Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Multiplex Kindreds
Authors: Jose Barbosa, Richard King, Harriet Noreen, Edmond J. Yunis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

We have histocompatibility (HLA) genotyped 24 families with two or more juvenile, insulin-dependent, ketosis-prone diabetic siblings. This criterion for family selection was used to obtain a homogeneous form of diabetes within a sibship, because diabetes appears to be a genetically heterogeneous disease. 58 diabetic and 53 nondiabetic sibs and 40 parents were studied. 55% of the diabetic pairs were concordant for both HLA haplotypes (expected 25%), 40% were concordant for one haplotype (expected 50%), and 5% were discordant for both haplotypes (expected 25%). These values are significantly different from the expected values (P < 0.001). On the other hand, the inheritance of haplotypes among the nondiabetic sibs in these families was not significantly different from the expected mendelian segregation.
Abstract 2946: AY4, an agonistic anti-death receptor 4 monoclonal antibody, induces death receptor 4-mediated apoptotic cell death in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells via downregulation of Bcl-xL with reactive oxygen species generation.
Authors: Bok-Soon Lee, Hyun-Young Cha, Yoo Seob Shin, Sung Un Kang, Hye Sook Hwang, Sam Kang, Jae Won Chang, Yong- Sung Kim, Chul-Ho Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive human tumor with a median survival of 6 months. We previously developed an agonistic anti-death receptor 4 monoclonal antibody, AY4, and demonstrated the anti-tumor effects of AY4 in head and neck cancer cells. Presently, we show that ATC cells are sensitive to AY4 and that the sensitivity correlates with reduced expression level of Bcl-xL and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Methods: The effects of AY4 in Thyroid cell lines (C-643, U-HTH7, HTH83 and SW1736) was studied on apoptosis using MTT assy, Annexin V assay and Western blot analysis and was examed on the production of reactive oxygen species with DCFDA staining. HTH83 and C-643 cells were transfected with Bcl-xL siRNA using Lipofectamine 2000. Results: AY4 induced cell death of C-643, U-HTH 7, HTH83, and SW1736 cells. To elucidate the role of ROS generation in AY4-induced apoptosis of ATC cells, U-HTH 7 and SW1736 cells were pretreated with an anti-oxidant (N-acetyl-cysteine, NAC) followed by AY4 treatment. The cell death was blocked by NAC. AY4-induced cell death was accompanied by the down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-xL. To examine the link between the apoptotic response and Bcl-xL protein expression, U-HTH 7 cells were transfected with Bcl-xL plasmid. The consequence of the over-expression of Bcl-xL appeared to decrease AY4-mediated cell death by blocking ROS generation in U-HTH 7 cells. In contrast, Bcl-xL knock-down using small interfering RNA of Bcl-xL enhanced AY4 sensitivity in HTH83 and C-643 cells, and rendered the cells sensitive to AY4-induced cell death.. Conclusion: The results support the conclusion that the expression level of Bcl-xL is important in the AY4-induced apoptosis of ATC cells through ROS generation. AY4 may be a promising tool for ATC therapy. Keywords: Death receptor 4, agonistic antibody, apoptosis, ROS, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) Citation Format: Bok-Soon Lee, Hyun-Young Cha, Yoo Seob Shin, Sung Un Kang, Hye Sook Hwang, Sam Kang, Jae Won Chang, Yong- Sung Kim, Chul-Ho Kim. AY4, an agonistic anti-death receptor 4 monoclonal antibody, induces death receptor 4-mediated apoptotic cell death in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells via downregulation of Bcl-xL with reactive oxygen species generation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2946. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2946
Topical Anesthetic-Induced Methemoglobinemia and Veterans Affairs Hospitals—Reply
Authors: Bolanle Bukoye, Daniel Leffler
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Girl Who Died Twice: Every Patient's Nightmare: The Libby Zion Case and the Hidden Hazards of Hospitals
Authors: Lucian L. Leape
Journal: JAMA (1996)

It has been claimed that the Libby Zion case "changed residency training forever."<sup>1</sup>Whether or not that is true, the incident has been the subject of longer and more intense discussion, both public and professional, than any in recent memory. As almost everyone knows, Libby Zion was an 18-year-old college freshman who was admitted to New York Hospital on May 4, 1984, with fever and agitation. Nine hours later she was dead. To this day no one knows why. In a balanced account that is at once dispassionate and provocative, Natalie Robins painstakingly attempts to reconstruct the facts of the case and the surrounding circumstances. Her writing is clear, objective, and evenhanded, neither polemical nor defensive. Acknowledging that each party had a different version of the events, she nonetheless manages to achieve a coherent synthesis of information gleaned from more than 100 interviews and review of public hearings, trial
Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci
Authors: Charles Feldman, Jeremy M. Kallenbach, Steven D. Miller, Jonathan R. Thorburn, Hendrik J. Koornhof
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Until 1967 all strains of pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) were thought to be highly sensitive to penicillin.1 , 2 In that year Hansman and Bullen3 described a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia and bronchiectasis in whom a strain of pneumococcus that was relatively insensitive to penicillin was isolated from the sputum. Reports followed of the occurrence of strains with an even greater resistance to penicillin4 , 5 as well as resistance to other antibiotics to which the pneumococcus had previously been sensitive.6 7 8 Previous studies in South Africa have shown that infections due to resistant pneumococci, as well as asymptomatic carrier states, have occurred almost exclusively . . .
Unfair Deductions from Statistics.
Authors: C. H. Preston
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Davenport, Iowa, April 28, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the volume of papers and reports just issued by the American Public Health Association, the deaths from typhoid fever during the years 1898, 1899 and 1900 in 135 municipalities are given under the misleading title, "Typhoid Fever Death-Rates in American Cities." In the interest of accurate statistics and the fair fame of many of the cities misrepresented by this title, I wish to enter a vigorous protest against the article in question. The rates given are based on but three years' data, and those are the least representative of local conditions that could possibly have been selected. In them was observed, all over the Union, a marked increase of enteric fever due to no change in local conditions, but scattered broadcast by returning soldiers from the Spanish war. It is unjust to select this particular brief period to show the typhoid
Quality of Life in Individuals with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Vappu Viemerö, Christina Krause
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

The quality of life among individuals with severe physical disabilities has greatly improved during the last two decades, partly as a result of well-planned intervention programmes. However, some individuals with physical disabilities do not cope well in their everyday life, no matter how long they have had the disability. It has been suggested that those individuals who adjust well do so regardless of the degree of their physical impairment.The subjects were 45 adults with physical disabilities from both Finland and Sweden. The participants filled in a questionnaire and were also interviewed individually.The quantitative analyses revealed that satisfaction with one's life situation is a function of the handicapped person's occupation or meaningful occupational activities, social integration and his/her sense of the meaning of life. Further, the length of time since the onset of the disability was a risk factor for the person's feeling of satisfaction. The qualitative analyses of the interviews verified the results of the quantitative analyses.The disability per se did not decrease the disabled individual's quality of life. The individual's capacity to cope with everyday life was of great importance. Occupation or meaningful occupational activities as well as social integration at different stages of life should be taken into account when planning intervention programmes in the future.
CARM1 Regulates Estrogen-Stimulated Breast Cancer Growth through Up-regulation of <i>E2F1</i>
Authors: Seth Frietze, Mathieu Lupien, Pamela A. Silver, Myles Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Estrogen receptor α (ERα) mediates breast cancer proliferation through transcriptional mechanisms involving the recruitment of specific coregulator complexes to the promoters of cell cycle genes. The coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase CARM1 is a positive regulator of ERα-mediated transcriptional activation. Here, we show that CARM1 is essential for estrogen-induced cell cycle progression in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. CARM1 is specifically required for the estrogen-induced expression of the critical cell cycle transcriptional regulator E2F1 whereas estrogen stimulation of cyclin D1 is CARM1 independent. Upon estrogen stimulation, the E2F1 promoter is subject to CARM1-dependent dimethylation on histone H3 arginine 17 (H3R17me2) in a process that parallels the recruitment of ERα. Additionally, we find that the recruitment of CARM1 and subsequent histone arginine dimethylation are dependent on the presence of the oncogenic coactivator AIB1. Thus, CARM1 is a critical factor in the pathway of estrogen-stimulated breast cancer growth downstream of ERα and AIB1 and upstream of the cell cycle regulatory transcription factor E2F1. These studies identify CARM1 as a potential new target in the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):301–6]
Management of Trauma: Pitfalls and Practice
Authors: Robert W. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1976)

For this comprehensive volume on the management of trauma, Doctors Walt and Wilson and 41 of their colleagues on the faculty of Wayne State University have drawn on extensive experience with injured patients, largely at the Detroit General (Receiving) Hospital, where trauma is endemic and often epidemic. In the management of injured patients, as the authors note in their preface, "recurrent pitfalls tend to be ignored or forgotten and need to have mental `flags' placed around them." To emphasize the traps for the unwary physician who must care for the injured patients, often in large numbers, the authors have identified many pitfalls, stated them concisely, and bracketed them in bold print throughout the text. This useful device should be of great practical help to those who must deal with these often urgent problems. The book is divided into six sections. The first discusses preparation and planning for emergencies in trauma,
Violence by clients towards female prostitutes in different work settings: questionnaire survey
Authors: S. Church
Journal: BMJ (2001)

tranexamic acid (3.36; 2.21 to 4.96), and a reduction in norethisterone treatment (0.67; 0.46 to 0.95) for cases of menorrhagia.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed slightly less commonly in groups receiving intervention (0.61; 0.38 to 0.90).The odds of hysterectomy in the education group were increased by 2.33 (0.94 to 4.87).There were no demographic differences between practices.We thank all general practitioners who participated in the study and the regional postgraduate education office, Anglia and Oxford Health Authority, Fulbourn, Cambridge, without whose assistance it would not have been possible to complete the study.
1099-89 The incidence of clinically unrecognized myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and nephropathy
Authors: David Aguilar, Samuel Z Goldhaber, Daniel J Gans, Andrew S Levey, Jerome G Porush, Julia B Lewis, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Tomas Berl, Edmund J Lewis, Marc A Pfeffer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Comedo Extraction vs Comedo Expression
Authors: Karl W. Ascher
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> May I suggest that the procedure described by Lowney and associates in their very interesting paper regarding treatment of acne vulgaris (<i>JAMA</i><b>189:</b>1000 [Sept 28] 1964) should be termed comedo<i>expression</i>, instead of<i>extraction</i>. From the description of their method it is evident that the authors did perform not an extraction, ie, act of pulling or drawing out, but an act of squeezing out and pressing out. According to general, as well as medical, dictionaries, this latter action should be called expression. Similarly, ophthalmologists for decades have been using the term expression, instead of extraction, of a cataract for those maneuvers whereby the lens is not pulled out of the eye but removed by pressure applied to the sclera or to the corneal limbus, without grasping the lens capsule (<i>Klin Mbl Augenheilk</i><b>64:</b>365, 1920).
Risk of lymph node metastasis associated with deeper invasion by early adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and cardia: study based on endoscopic resection specimens
Authors: L. Alvarez Herrero, R. Pouw, F. van Vilsteren, F. ten Kate, M. Visser, M. van Berge Henegouwen, B. Weusten, J. Bergman
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de L. Alvarez Herrero et al., pp. 1030Endoscopy 2010; 42(12): 1120-1120DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306710
Dose-Finding, Safety, and Tolerability Study of an Oral Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor, Lotrafiban, in Patients With Coronary or Cerebral Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Robert A. Harrington, Paul W. Armstrong, Carmelo Graffagnino, Frans Van de Werf, Dean J. Kereiakes, Kristina N. Sigmon, Tracy Card, Diane M. Joseph, Robert Samuels, Jeffrey Granett, Robert Chan, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Antiplatelet therapy is the mainstay of the treatment and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ischemic events. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics of lotrafiban, an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, as a secondary prevention strategy in patients with cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results —Overall, 451 patients with a recent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular acute ischemic event were randomized in a double-blind fashion to 1 of 5 dosing regimens for 12 weeks: placebo or 5, 20, 50, or 100 mg lotrafiban, both twice daily with 300 to 325 mg/d aspirin. The primary end point was the incidence and tolerability of major and minor bleeding during treatment. Secondary end points included inhibition of platelet aggregation and clinical events. The placebo and lotrafiban 5-mg groups had similarly low rates of minor and major bleeding, but the 100-mg arm was terminated early because of excess major bleeding. Protocol-defined thrombocytopenia (&lt;100 000 platelets/μL) occurred in 5 lotrafiban-treated patients (1.4%, 95% CI 0.2% to 2.7%) and 1 placebo patient (1.1%, 95% CI 0% to 3.1%). Three lotrafiban-treated patients had a nadir platelet count &lt;20 000/μL (0.9%, 95% CI 0% to 1.8%). Lotrafiban produced dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation; 5 mg lotrafiban did not differ significantly from placebo, whereas 100 mg inhibited aggregation by nearly 100%. Conclusions —Lotrafiban provides dose-dependent platelet inhibition when administered to a range of patients with atherosclerosis. The level of platelet inhibition appears to correlate with bleeding risk and drug tolerability.
Epidermal growth factor regulates the in vitro sensitivity of human ovarian carcinoma cells to cisplatin.
Authors: R D Christen, D K Hom, D C Porter, P A Andrews, C L MacLeod, L Hafstrom, S B Howell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Cisplatin (DDP) is the most effective drug for the treatment of human ovarian cancer, but the mechanisms that determine sensitivity to the cytotoxic action of DDP are not well understood. Treatment of two human ovarian carcinoma cell lines with epidermal growth factor (EGF) simultaneously increased sensitivity to DDP and caused a persistent change in morphology in the absence of any mitogenic effect. Sensitization to DDP was shown to be dependent on both EGF concentration and EGF receptor number in C127 mouse fibroblasts expressing the human EGF receptor after transfection with a pBPV plasmid construct containing the human EGF receptor gene under control of the transferrin receptor 3'-inducible regulator. Sensitization of human ovarian carcinoma cells to DDP was not blocked by inhibition of protein synthesis. EGF did not enhance sensitivity to DDP or alter morphology in DDP-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells despite the presence of functional EGF receptors on these cells. These results showed that elements of the signal transduction pathway activated by EGF determined cellular sensitivity to DDP, and that a DDP-resistant phenotype is associated with a defect in this signal transduction pathway.
Psychological Stress and Susceptibility to Upper Respiratory Infections
Authors: Sheldon Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The biologic plausibility of a link between psychological states and host resistance is discussed. Although there is substantial evidence for the association between psychological stress and both cellular and humoral immune response, these data do not necessarily suggest increased susceptibility to infectious agents among stressed persons. Epidemiologic and viral-challenge studies suggest that psychological stress is a risk factor for upper respiratory infections with the strongest evidence provided by recent well-controlled, prospective viral-challenge trials. However, there is still little direct evidence for the nature of neuroendocrine, immune, or behavioral pathways through which stress might alter susceptibility. Cohen S. Psychological stress and susceptibility to upper respiratory infections.
Increased intimal hyperplasia in patients with impaired glucose tolerance after coronary stent implantation: a serial intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: T. Takagi, K. Yoshida, T. Akasaka, T. Hozumi, S. Kaji, T. Kawamoto, Y. Ueda, S. Morloka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Abstract 4203: Plasma and tumor pharmacokinetics (PK) of carboplatin in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of melanoma (GEMMs), murine melanoma, and in patients with cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Austin J. Combest, Patrick J. Roberts, Patrick J. Dillon, Sohrab Habibi, Julie L. Eiseman, Sandra Strychor, Suzan K. Hanna, Markus Muller, Matthias Brunner, Charlene M. Ross, Norman E. Sharpless, Willam C. Zamboni
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: It is currently unclear what preclinical tumor model most accurately reflects the tumor disposition and antitumor response of an anticancer agent in patients with solid tumors. GEMMs of melanoma and other solid tumors may better predict drug distribution and antitumor response compared with flank tumor models by allowing for the development of tumor in situ which may more faithfully recapitulate human cancer. We compared the plasma and tumor disposition of carboplatin in a GEMM and murine models of melanoma and in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Methods: Carboplatin was administered at 50mg/kg IV x 1 via a tail vein to a GEMM of melanoma [tyrosinase-H-RasG12V Ink4a/Arf−/− (TRIA)] and mice bearing B16 murine melanoma. Plasma total and ultrafiltrate conc were obtained (n = 3 mice per time point) from 0 to 6 h after administration. Microdialysis studies evaluating carboplatin in tumor extracellular fluid (ECF) were performed (n = 6 mice) from 0 to 4 h after administration. Six patients with cutaneous metastatic melanoma were administered carboplatin at 400mg/m2 IV over 20 minutes. Plasma total and tumor ECF, collected by microdialysis, were obtained from 0 to 6 h after administration. Platinum (Pt) conc were measured by ICP-MS, FAAS and FAAS in the GEMM, B16 and patient studies, respectively. Areas under the plasma conc versus time curves from 0 to infinity (AUC) of standard and allometrically scaled data were calculated. Results: Results are in the table: UnitsHumanGEMMB16Standard / Unscaled Plasma Total Pt AUCµg/mL·h26.028.540.5Plasma Ultrafiltrate Pt AUCµg/mL·h—25.427.9Tumor ECF Pt AUCµg/mL·h15.38.61.9Allometrically Scaled Plasma Total Pt AUC(µg/mL)/(mg/kg)]·(h/kg)0.841.372.15Tumor ECF Pt AUC(µg/mL)/(mg/kg)]·(h/kg)0.490.410.10Ratio of Plasma Total pt AUC to Tumor ECF pt AUC 0.580.300.05 Conclusion: The tumor PK of carboplatin in GEMM models of melanoma more closely resembles the tumor disposition in patients with melanoma as compared with flank tumor models. GEMMs show promise in becoming an improved prediction model for drug PK and response in patient tumors. Studies are being conducted to determine the basis for differences in tumor drug delivery between GEMMs and transplanted tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4203.
Portasystemic Venous Shunts
Authors: Ronald A. Malt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Although the number of well controlled studies now exceeds the four identified a decade ago,1 they clarify the role of portasystemic venous shunts for treatment of hepatic disease only a little better. Proper investigations based on sound statistical methods are often confounded by clinical exigencies.From the best studies of portasystemic venous shunts and the areas of agreement among others, I conclude:Successful portasystemic shunts reduce the likelihood of bleeding from esophageal varices.Protection from bleeding varices is virtually guaranteed after a portacaval shunt; it is less sure after other shunts.Portasystemic shunts are valuable treatment . . .