tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Objective Assessment of Improvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: O. Janus
Journal: BMJ (1950)

plays no part in that response.On the contrary, the rats with denervated adrenals which have been given insulin in a dose well tolerated by normal rats are severely hypoglycaemic, comatose, or convulsing, so that we are in fact submitting the denervated animals to a much severer test instead of observing them and their controls under comparable conditions of stress.Equal depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid may actually constitute a diminished responsiveness of the denervated rat which is able to mobilize its A.C.T.H.only through the hypoglycaemia and not through the secretion of adrenaline as well.The results obtained on rats with denervated adrenals were confirmed in rats completely deprived of both adrenal medullae.The second suggestion for a common factor releasing A.C.T.H. under all conditions of stress has been made by Sayers and Sayers (1947).Their hypothesis is as follows: in stress there is accelerated utilization of cortical hormones by the tissues, and therefore a low blood level of these hormones.This low level acts as a stimulus to the pituitary, which releases A.C.T.H. Conversely, output of A.C.T.H. is repressed when the level of circulating cortical hormones is high.This has been proved experimentally (Ingle, 1938;Sayers and Sayers, 1945) by showing that injection of cortical hormone inhibits the secretion of A.C.T.H. during
DIATHERMY IN THE TREATMENT OF GONORRHEAL ENDOCERVICITIS
Authors: BUDD C. CORBUS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To obtain success in the treatment of gonorrheal endocervicitis through the use of diathermy, one must maintain a clear perspective of the object sought for; i. e., destruction in situ of the thriving gonococcal organisms that are embedded in and protected by the tissues of the cervix. At the same time, the destructive agent should not produce or cause any permanent injury to the endocervical canal.  We must accept the fact that carefully controlled clinical and laboratory study has definitely shown that gonorrhea persists in women largely because of the continued presence of the gonococcus in the paraurethral, the cervical and the endocervical glands. This, in the majority of instances, is the cause of the chronically infected lower genital tract in women.  OTHER METHODS FOR DESTROYING THE GONOCOCCUS IN SITU  Before the introduction of modern methods of heat induction, the favorite method for attempting to destroy the gonococcus in the
Book: Hansen's Disease: The Shared Paradigm
Authors: D. N J Lockwood
Journal: BMJ (2003)

M J de Mallac The Book Guild Ltd, £12.95, pp 116 ISBN 1 85776 597 4 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> The word leprosy evokes a range of responses. To the patient it means devastation and fear of being outcast; to an immunologist it is a complex tissue-damaging immune response; to a surgeon it may be the problems of protecting a neuropathic foot. It is these differing perspectives that de Mallac sets out to explore through a series of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Bisphenol A Induces Superfeminization in the Ramshorn Snail (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations
Authors: Jörg Oehlmann, Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann, Jean Bachmann, Matthias Oetken, Ilka Lutz, Werner Kloas, Thomas A. Ternes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Previous investigations have shown that bisphenol A (BPA) induces a superfeminization syndrome in the freshwater snail Marisa cornuarietis at concentrations as low as 1 μg/L. Superfemales are characterized by the formation of additional female organs, enlarged accessory sex glands, gross malformations of the pallial oviduct, and a stimulation of egg and clutch production, resulting in increased female mortality. However, these studies were challenged on the basis of incomplete experimentation. Therefore, the objective of the current approach was to bridge several gaps in knowledge by conducting additional experiments. In an initial series of experiments, study results from the reproductive phase of the snails were evaluated in the sub-micrograms per liter range. Before and after the spawning season, superfemale responses were observed [NOEC (no observed effect concentration) 7.9 ng/L, EC10 (effective concentration at 10%) 13.9 ng/L], which were absent during the spawning season. A further experiment investigated the temperature dependence of BPA responses by exposing snails at two temperatures in parallel. The adverse effect of BPA was at least partially masked at 27°C (EC10 998 ng/L) when compared with 20°C (EC10 14.8 ng/L). In M. cornuarietis, BPA acts as an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, because effects were completely antagonized by a co-exposure to tamoxifen and Faslodex. Antiandrogenic effects of BPA, such as a significant decrease in penis length at 20°C, were also observed. Competitive receptor displacement experiments indicate the presence of androgen- and estrogen-specific binding sites. The affinity for BPA of the estrogen binding sites in M. cornuarietis is higher than that of the ER in aquatic vertebrates. The results emphasize that prosobranchs are affected by BPA at lower concentrations than are other wildlife groups, and the findings also highlight the importance of exposure conditions.
Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia as a Reversible Cause of Noninfectious Respiratory Failure
Authors: James N. Allen, Eric R. Pacht, James E. Gadek, W. Bruce Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Although chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a well-known disorder, acute eosinophilic pneumonia has not been as well characterized. We describe the clinical features, results of bronchoalveolar lavage, and follow-up studies of four patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. The patients presented with an acute febrile illness, severe hypoxemia (partial pressure of arterial oxygen less than 60 mm Hg), diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, an increased number of eosinophils (mean +/- SEM, 42 +/- 4.8 percent) in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid, and an absence of infection and previous atopic illness. The illness resolved rapidly after treatment with erythromycin and corticosteroids. The patients received doses of oral prednisone that were tapered over 10 days to 12 weeks, and none have relapsed since the steroids were discontinued. After a minimum follow-up period of five months, clinical evaluation, chest radiography, and pulmonary-function tests have shown no residual abnormalities attributable to the acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Follow-up bronchoalveolar lavage has demonstrated less than or equal to 1 percent eosinophils in all patients. We believe that we are describing an acute form of eosinophilic lung disease distinct from previously described syndromes. It can be diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage and seems to respond to treatment with corticosteroids.
Patients with tuberculosis in poor countries must be tested for HIV
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A new report by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) says that all patients with tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries should be tested for HIV. And if patients test positive they should be given antiretroviral drugs.

Without antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), patients infected with both HIV and tuberculosis are likely to die from tuberculosis or other infections during or soon after treatment for their TB.

The report quotes a study in Thailand that found that “88% of co-infected patients who received ARVs were alive after 3 years of treatment—compared with just 9% of patients who, before ARVs were available, received only TB treatment.”

It …
P183 Global burden of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) complicating asthma
Authors: D. W. Denning, A. Pleuvry, D. C. Cole
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> ABPA may complicate asthma in some patients. The potential global ABPA burden remains unknown, limiting its prioritisation for both population and clinical responses. <h3>Methods</h3> We estimated the number of adults with asthma, using the GINA statistics as the baseline dataset and this derived equation: Adult Prevalence (AP) = total prevalence × adult population/(0.88 paediatric population + adult population). This method provided results which were compatible with more direct sources on Scotland (Ananadan, 2010), North Africa (Nafti, 2009) and the USA (CDC stats, 2008). Two period prevalence rates available on ABPA in asthmatic patients are 0.72% (Ireland; Donnelly, 1991) and 3.5% (New Zealand; Eaton, 2000) (eliminating the non-classical cases from both papers) so we used a mean of 2.1% (range 0.72–3.5%). We estimated case burdens by WHO region and for the UK and USA. <h3>Results</h3> By WHO region, the ABPA burden estimates are: Europe, 466 891 (range 160 077–778 152); Americas, 704 926 (range 241 689–1 174 877); Eastern Mediterranean, 187 963 (range 64 444–313 272); Africa, 294 058 (range 100 820–490 097); Western Pacific, 881 860 (range 302 352–1 469 766); South East Asia, 614 353 (range 210 635–1 023 922); and global, 3 150 052 (range 1 080 018–5 250 086) cases. The UK adult asthma and ABPA burdens are estimated to be 7.1M and 149 901 (range 51 395–249 835) cases, respectively, with those for the US being 24.5M and 515 787 (range 176 841–859 645) cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ABPA is probably more common globally than has been appreciated. A lack of sufficient population research using current fungal diagnostic approaches and clinical research on antifungal therapy effects on the course of ABPA among different populations, limits our estimates9 utility.
Deficiencies in the Fanconi Anemia DNA Damage Response Pathway Increase Sensitivity to HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jung Wook Park, Henry C. Pitot, Katerina Strati, Nicole Spardy, Stefan Duensing, Markus Grompe, Paul F. Lambert
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Patients with the rare genetic disease, Fanconi anemia (FA), are highly susceptible to squamous cell carcinomas arising at multiple anatomic sites including the head and neck region. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), particularly HPV16, are associated with ∼20% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) in the general population. Some but not other investigators have reported that HNSCCs in FA patients are much more frequently positive for HPV. In addition, studies have demonstrated an interaction between the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and the FA pathway, a DNA damage response pathway deficient in FA patients. On the basis of these studies, it was hypothesized that the FA pathway contributes to repair of DNA damage induced by HPV16 E7, providing one explanation for why FA patients are predisposed to HPV-associated HNSCCs. To determine the importance of the FA pathway in modulating the oncogenic abilities of E7, we crossed K14E7 transgenic (K14E7) and fancD2 knockout mice (FancD2(-/-)) to establish K14E7/FancD2(-/-) and K14E7/FancD2(+/+) mice and monitored their susceptibility to HNSCC when treated with a chemical carcinogen. K14E7/FancD2(-/-) mice had a significantly higher incidence of HNSCC compared with K14E7/FancD2(+/+) mice. This difference correlated with an increased proliferative index and the increase in expression of biomarkers that are used to assess levels of DNA damage. These animal studies support the hypotheses that FA patients have increased susceptibility to HPV-associated cancer and that the FA DNA damage response pathway normally attenuates the oncogenic potential of HPV16 E7.
Usefulness of Electron-Beam Computed Tomography in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Authors: Hiroshi Tada, Wataru Shimizu, Tohru Ohe, Seiki Hamada, Takashi Kurita, Naohiko Aihara, Shir Kamakura, Makoto Takamiya, Katsuro Shimomura
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Electron-beam computed tomography (CT) may be useful for detecting myocardial fat infiltration and diagnosing arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). There are several characteristic electron-beam CT findings of ARVD. However, the incidence, their relation to electrophysiological abnormalities, and the usefulness of electron-beam CT for evaluating left ventricular involvement are unknown. This study aimed to clarify these issues. Methods and Results Electron-beam CT was performed in 14 patients with ARVD (ARVD group), 16 age- and sex-matched patients with right ventricular enlargement and/or dysfunction without ARVD (RV enlargement group), and 13 control subjects (control group). The incidences of abnormal electron-beam CT findings in the three groups were examined. Furthermore, we examined the endocardial fat–infiltrated areas detected by electron-beam CT (CT-A) and electrophysiologically abnormal areas detected in the mapping study (EPS-A) and compared the relationship between them in the ARVD group. (1) The frequencies of abundant epicardial adipose tissue, low-attenuation trabeculations, scalloping of the right ventricular free wall, and intramyocardial fat deposits were 86%, 71%, 79%, and 50%, respectively, in the ARVD group, whereas these findings were not observed in the RV enlargement and control groups. (2) Three ARVD patients (21%) had adipose tissue involvement of the left ventricle. (3) The relationship between CT-A and EPS-A was as follows: CT-A&gt;EPS-A, 71%; CT-A=EPS-A, 14%; and EPS-A only, 14%. Conclusions Characteristic electron-beam CT findings are frequently observed only in patients with ARVD. Electron-beam CT is useful for evaluating for left ventricular involvement and can estimate EPS-A.
Erosion of Gastric Mucosa — Pathogenesis, Incidence and Classification of the Erosive Gastritis —
Authors: K. Kawai, K. Shimamoto, F. Misaki, K. Murakami, M. Masuda
Journal: Endoscopy (1970)

We divided the erosive gastritis into two types, namely, the mature type and the immature type. The mucosal elevation consisted of fibrosis in the former type and of edema in the latter. The surrounding mucosal elevation is irreversible in the erosive gastritis of mature type, on the contrary, it is reversible in the immature type. It is difficult to differentiate these two types, however, it is possible by the repeated examination. The frequency rate of the erosive gastritis is hard to evaluate, however, taking into consideration the factors, gastric juice, allergic reaction, and auto-immune mechanism for the development of the erosive gastritis; we must think over the “Erosion”. The frequency rate of the erosive gastritis is high in the case of gastric and duodenal ulcer, the differentiation of the erosive gastritis from the flat erosion will be greatly suggestive for the diagnosis and treatment of the ulcerative lesion.
A Gastric Factor Promoting Iron Absorption.
Authors: M. John Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968A Gastric Factor Promoting Iron Absorption.M. John Murray, M.D.M. John Murray, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1171_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study was designed to investigate the role of the stomach in the regulation of iron absorption. Gastric secretions were collected after betazole (Histalog®) stimulation from normal humans and patients with iron deficiency anemia and hemochromatosis. The pH of each secretion was adjusted to 1.2 to avoid the effects of pH alone on iron absorption. Absorption was studied in ten totally gastrectomized anemic and ten sham operated female Sprague Dawley rats by determining total body radioactivity immediately and 14 days after an oral dose of59Fe and carrier. The absorption studies were then repeated in rapid sequence, first mixing the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: M. John Murray, M.D.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1171-1171KeywordsHemochromatosisIron deficiency anemiaStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hypertrophy of the appendices epiploicae and lipomatous polyposis of the colon.
Authors: V A Swain, W F Young, E M Pringle
Journal: Gut (1969)

REPORT J.W. (male) was born one month post mature of an otherwise normal pregnancy weighing 2-7 kg.After breast feeding for three months he gained only 0.9 kg and after changing to a full-cream, dried-milk mixture he continued to gain weight very slowly.At 5 months he started to vomit and a hiatus hernia being suspected he was given thickened feeds and placed in a 'hiatus' chair.Although he still looked wasted his weight had reached 7-8 kg (above the 10th percentile).Subsequently, he again put on weight slowly, in spite of his mother's statement that he had an enormous appetite which could never be satisfied, in comparison with the five older children in the family.At 2 years 3 months he was admitted to hospital for failure to thrive, presenting as a pale, red-haired cheerful boy with marked wasting but weighing 10.5 kg (above the third percentile).He was unable to walk, and spoke very little, and had abdominal distension which had been increasing for the previous nine months.He had had bouts of diarrhoea for three months and his stools were still dark and loose.There had been no alimentary disturbance affecting any of the rest of the family....... ..
Phase I Trial of Sirolimus Combined with Radiation and Cisplatin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jann N. Sarkaria, Paul Schwingler, Steven E. Schild, Patrick T. Grogan, Ann C. Mladek, Sumithra J. Mandrekar, Angelina D. Tan, Takao Kobayashi, Randolph S. Marks, Hirohito Kita, Robert C. Miller, Andrew H. Limper, Edward B. Leof
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Body surface electrocardiographic mapping in inferior myocardial infarction. Manifestation of left and right ventricular involvement.
Authors: T J Montague, E R Smith, C A Spencer, D E Johnstone, L D Lalonde, R M Bessoudo, M J Gardner, R N Anderson, B M Horacek
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To determine the depolarization and repolarization time-integral patterns in patients with first acute inferior myocardial infarction, we acquired body surface potential maps in 28 men and eight women, ages 36-76 years, a mean of 76 hours after the onset of symptoms.Based on technetium-99m pyrophosphate myocardial scans, patients were divided into two groups.Group 1 included 22 patients with scintigraphic activity limited to the left ventricle who were considered to have exclusive left ventricular infarction, and group 2 included 14 patients with scintigraphic activity involving the right ventricle in addition to the left ventricle, considered to have both left and right ventricular infarction.Isointegral plots of the first 50% of the QRS complex (Q zone) were characterized by negative areas over the inferior torso with concomitant extension of positive areas to the superior precordium.Group 2 patients had greater leftward and superior extension of the negative inferior distributions than group 1 patients.Subtraction of the mean Q-zone map of group 1 patients from that of group 2 patients confirmed a mean area of difference over the right anterior-inferior torso.The average Q-zone integral value within this area of difference was 5.9 + 7.2 ,uV*sec (±+ SD) for group 1 patients compared with 1.7 + 5.2 ,V-sec for group 2 patients (p < 0.05).ST-segment isointegral maps revealed positive inferior distributions in all subjects; however, 29 patients also had abnormal negative ST-segment distributions over the precordium.The area of negative precordial values in group 2 patients extended further rightward and inferiorly compared with group 1 patients.There were two large areas of difference seen on subtraction: one over the precordium, in which the mean ST-segment integral value for group 1 patients was -0.6 + 3.8 AV-sec, compared with --3.2 3.2 tkVNsec for group 2 patients (p < 0.025), and another over the inferior torso, where the mean value for group 1 was 1.2 ± 1.6 ,uV-sec, compared with 3.3 ± 3.5 ,xV sec for group 2 (p < 0.05).Thus, in acute inferior infarction, there is a characteristic distribution of negative Q-zone and positive ST-segment time integrals over the inferior torso and a reciprocal development of positive Q-zone and negative ST-segment integrals over the anterior-superior torso.Patients with right ventricular involve- ment, however, have spatial and quantitative abnormalities of both depolarization and repolarization that distinguish them from patients with infarction limited to the left ventricle.
ON CROSS REACTIONS OF EGG ALBUMIN SERA
Authors: K. Landsteiner, J. van der Scheer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

Experiments are presented on the cross reactions of hen egg albumin immune sera with egg albumins of other species by means of exhaustion with heterologous proteins and by inhibition tests. From the results it can be concluded that the sera contain multiple, qualitatively distinct antibodies. For this, two not mutually exclusive explanations come into consideration: the presence in proteins of a number of different, perhaps similar, complex determinants, and the fact, established by previous results, that one antigenic grouping can call forth the formation of diverse antibodies. It is inferred that cross reactions between proteins of kindred species are ascribable, in general, to similarity in determinant structures, and not to the distribution of identical determinant groups among the related proteins.
Effects of Prophylactic Lidocaine in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Stephen MacMahon
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The effects of prophylactic lidocaine hydrochloride on early ventricular fibrillation and death in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction were investigated in an overview of 14 randomized trials. During follow-up intervals of one to four hours in the trials of intramuscular lidocaine infusion (6961 patients) and 24 to 48 hours in the trials of intravenous lidocaine injection (2194 patients), a total of 103 cases of ventricular fibrillation and 137 deaths were recorded. Overall, allocation to lidocaine was associated with a reduction in the odds of ventricular fibrillation of about one third, with a 95% confidence interval that ranged from a 3% to a 56% reduction. There was no evidence of any beneficial effect on early mortality; indeed, the odds of early death were about one third greater among patients allocated lidocaine, though this difference was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, 2% reduction to 95% increase). Because of the small numbers of reported events, the short follow-up periods, and the unavailability of data for some specific causes of death, even an overview of all the trial results does not provide good evidence as to whether prophylactic lidocaine is likely to be helpful or harmful. To answer this question reliably, future trials will need to involve large numbers of patients and prolonged follow-up.
Effect of a CCR1 receptor antagonist on systemic trafficking of MSCs and polyethylene particle-associated bone loss
Authors: Emmanuel Gibon, Zhenyu Yao, Allison J. Rao, Stefan Zwingenberger, Barbara Batke, Roberto Valladares, Robert L. Smith, Sandip Biswal, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stuart B. Goodman
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)