tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CULTIVATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF "BACTEROIDES," "SYMBIONTS," OR "RICKETTSIAE" OF BLATTELLA GERMANICA
Authors: R. W. Glaser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

In Blattella germanica, the German roach or "croton bug," bacteriocytes are found in all individuals of both sexes. These bacteriocytes are scattered throughout the fat tissue and their cytoplasm is filled with microorganisms. Evidence is presented to show that the intracellular parasites are diphtheroidal bacilli. These diphtheroids are transmitted from one generation to another through the ova. By using a technic previously described, the intracellular parasites were isolated and cultivated from the adult bacteriocytes and from embryos. Two diphtheroidal strains were cultivated with approximately equal frequency. These two strains resemble one another closely enough to be considered a single species but show certain minor differences. The sizes, general morphology, and tinctorial reactions of the two cultures correspond to the intracellular parasites of Blattella germanica. They may be distinguished from the three types of Corynebacterium periplanetae variety americana, previously described. For the species here discussed the name Corynebacterium blattellae nov. sp. is proposed.
Puberty without Gonadotropins
Authors: Margaret E. Wierman, Donna E. Beardsworth, M. Joan Mansfield, Thomas M. Badger, John D. Crawford, John F. Crigler, Hans H. Bode, Jacquelyn S. Loughlin, David C. Kushner, Robert E. Scully, William H. Hoffman, William F. Crowley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Recent evidence suggests that a group of children exists in whom premature sexual maturation occurs in the absence of pubertal levels of gonadotropins; that is, they have gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty. We compared six boys and one girl with this disorder with four boys and five girls with central precocious puberty, in which there is a pubertal pattern of gonadotropin release. The two groups were similar in age of onset, degree of sexual development, growth velocity, and rate of skeletal maturation. A family history of precocity was noted in four of the boys with gonadotropin-independent precocity, and the girl had McCune–Albright syndrome. Children with central precocious puberty demonstrated a pulsatile release of gonadotropins, pubertal responses to luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone, and complete suppression of gonadarche after exposure to an analogue of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRHa). In contrast, children with gonadotropin-independent precocity demonstrated an absence of gonadotropin pulsations, variable responses to luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone, lack of suppression of puberty in response to LHRHa, and cyclic steroidogenesis. Tissue from testicular biopsies performed in five of six boys with gonadotropin-independent precocity showed a range from incipient pubertal development of the tubules with proliferation of Leydig cells to the appearance of normal adult testes. We conclude that gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty is a distinct syndrome, of unknown cause, that may be familial and may have been responsible for many previously reported cases of precocious puberty. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:65–72.)
Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association
Authors: H. Eyre, R. Kahn, R. M. Robertson, N. G. Clark, C. Doyle, T. Gansler, T. Glynn, Y. Hong, R. A. Smith, K. Taubert, M. J. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2004)

Collectively, cardiovascular disease (including stroke), cancer, and diabetes account for approximately two-thirds of all deaths in the United States and about $700 billion in direct and indirect economic costs each year. Current approaches to health promotion and prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes do not approach the potential of the existing state of knowledge. A concerted effort to increase application of public health and clinical interventions of known efficacy to reduce prevalence of tobacco use, poor diet, and insufficient physical activity—the major risk factors for these diseases—and to increase utilization of screening tests for their early detection could substantially reduce the human and economioc cost of these diseases. In this article, the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association review strategies for the prevention and early detection of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, as the beginning of a new collaboration among the three organizations. The goal of this joint venture is to stimulate substantial improvements in primary prevention and early detection through collaboration between key organizations, greater public awareness about healthy lifestyles, legislative action that results in more funding for and access to primary prevention programs and research, and reconsideration of the concept of the periodic medical checkup as an effective platform for prevention, early detection, and treatment.
Medic Alert UK should start new section for patients with a difficult airway
Authors: J B Liban
Journal: BMJ (1996)

the Hungarian case-control surveillance of congenital abnormalities, however, was unable to confirm that griseofulvin used during pregnancy has a teratogenic effect.6In my opinion, the anxiety and fear created by the notion that nearly all drugs cause congenital abnormalities may be more harmful than the drugs themselves.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated decrease in glutathione increases the sensitivity of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells to H2O2.
Authors: Y Ishii, C A Partridge, P J Del Vecchio, A B Malik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) stimulation of endothelial cells on the increase in endothelial permeability induced by H2O2. Bovine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (BPMVEC) were grown to confluence on a microporous filter and the 125I-albumin clearance rate across the monolayer was determined. Pretreatment with TNF alpha (100 U/ml) for 6 h had no direct effect on transendothelial 125I-albumin permeability. However, TNF alpha pretreatment enhanced the susceptibility of BPMVEC to H2O2; that is, H2O2 (10 microM) alone had no direct effect, whereas H2O2 increased 125I-albumin permeability more than threefold when added to monolayers pretreated for 6 h with TNF alpha. Determination of lactate dehydrogenase release indicated that increased permeability was not due to cytolysis. We measured the intracellular contents of GSH and catalase to determine their possible role in mediating the increased susceptibility to H2O2. TNF alpha treatment (100 U/ml for 6 h) decreased total GSH content and concomitantly increased the oxidized GSH content, but did not alter the cellular catalase activity. The role of GSH was examined by pretreating endothelial cells with 2 mM GSH for 3 h, which produced an 80% increase in intracellular GSH content. GSH repletion inhibited the increased sensitivity of the TNF alpha-treated endothelial cells to H2O2. We tested the effects of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition since XO activation may be a source of oxidants responsible for the decrease in cellular GSH content. Pretreatment with 0.5 mM oxypurinol attenuated the synergistic effect of TNF alpha and H2O2 on endothelial permeability. The results indicate that decreased oxidant buffering capacity secondary to TNF alpha-induced reduction in intracellular GSH content mediates the increased susceptibility of endothelial cells to H2O2. This mechanism may contribute to oxidant-dependent vascular endothelial injury in septicemia associated with TNF alpha release.
Myocardial Depressant Factor (MDF) in Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Investigative and therapeutic approaches to cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction have been dominated by hemodynamic considerations. Cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, vasomotor tone, and organ perfusion have been the prime concern of researcher and clinician. Humoral factors, generally related to the sympathetic-adrenergic system, assumed importance only insofar as they influenced the hemodynamics of the circulation. Currently, the focus is shifting to humoral factors as they affect biochemical processes at the cellular level. Several have been shown recently to play an important part in various forms of shock. Most prominent in<i>cardiogenic</i>shock is the<i>myocardial depressant factor</i>(MDF), a small peptide of molecular weight range between 800 and 1,000 discovered in 1966 by Brand and Lefer.<sup>1</sup> Formation of MDF is initiated by vasoconstriction in the splanchnic vascular bed in response to a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure. This commendable homeostatic attempt to shunt blood to vital organs
Changing the System
Authors: Emily Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

AS HEALTH care reform on the national level moves from the theoretical to the political (as it has already done in a number of states), much of the meat of the matter remains to be determined. Although some actions seem inevitable, others do not. Furthermore, some trends will continue regardless of the direction of reform—unless it takes a truly radical turn, which is unlikely. And along the way are intersections where collisions await: between theory and practice, between the federal government and the states, between the public sector and the private sector, between Congress and the White House (and quite possibly between those two and the US Supreme Court). There is also the element of chance, which has played a major role, at times, in American public policy. The untimely death of Sen John Heinz (R, Pa), resulting in the special election that sent Sen Harris Wofford (D, Pa) back
Salivary Duct Carcinoma With Perineural Spread to Facial Canal
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Michael C. Roarke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Salivary duct carcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy targeting predominantly the parotid gland. It frequently involves the extracranial portion of the facial nerve and has a propensity to metastasize through the temporal bone via perineural spread. The authors present a case of treated parotid malignancy with F-18 FDG PET/CT detecting abnormal radiotracer uptake within the facial canal from perineural tumor recurrence. The positive PET/CT finding was confirmed by subsequent MR examination. Postradiation PET/CT surveillance showed resolution of the perineural metastasis with unfortunate distant ischial bone dissemination.
Relationship of Elevated <sup>23</sup> Na Magnetic Resonance Image Intensity to Infarct Size After Acute Reperfused Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Raymond J. Kim, Robert M. Judd, Enn-Ling Chen, David S. Fieno, Todd B. Parrish, João A. C. Lima
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Elevated 23 Na MR image intensity after acute myocardial infarction has previously been shown to correspond to high tissue [Na + ] and loss of myocardial viability. In this study, we explored the potential of in vivo 23 Na MRI to assess infarct size and investigated possible mechanisms for elevated 23 Na image intensity. Methods and Results —Thirteen dogs and 8 rabbits underwent in situ coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion and were imaged by 23 Na MRI. For anatomically matched left ventricular short-axis cross sections (n=46), infarct size measured by in vivo 23 Na MRI correlated well with triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining ( r =0.87, y =0.92 x +3.37, P &lt;0.001). Elevated 23 Na image intensity was observed in infarcted myocardium (206±37% of remote in dogs, P &lt;0.001; 215±58% in rabbits, P &lt;0.002) but was not observed after severe but reversible ischemic injury (101±11% of baseline, P =NS). High-resolution ex vivo imaging revealed that regions of elevated 23 Na image intensity appeared to be identical to those of infarcted regions ( r =0.97, y =0.92 x +1.52, P &lt;0.001). In infarcted regions, total tissue [Na + ] was elevated (89±12 versus 37±9 mmol/L in control tissue, 156±60% increase, P &lt;0.001) and was associated with increased intracellular sodium (254±68% of control, P &lt;0.005) and an increased intracellular sodium/potassium ratio (868±512% of control, P &lt;0.002). Morphometric analysis demonstrated only a minor increase in extracellular volume (17±8% versus 14±5%, P &lt;0.05) in the infarcted territory. Conclusions —Elevated 23 Na MR image intensity in vivo measures infarct size after reperfused infarction in both a large and a small animal model. The mechanism of elevated 23 Na image intensity is probably intracellular sodium accumulation secondary to loss of myocyte ionic homeostasis.
HPV Vaccination for the Prevention of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Jessica A. Kahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A sexually active 18-year-old woman presents to her internist for an annual examination and asks whether she should receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. HPV causes cervical cancer. Currently available vaccines provide protection against some but not all oncogenic genotypes of the virus if the recipient has not previously been infected. Regular cervical-cancer screening is still required for vaccine recipients.
Management of Gastrointestinal Fistulas with N-2-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate
Authors: P. Billi, A. Alberani, D. Baroncini, G. Formica, D. Borioni, A. Piemontese, G. Milandri, V. Cennamo, N. D'Imperio
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)
When Is Good Enough Really Good Enough? Defining the Role of Radiation in Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Benjamin D. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.4259 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print January 20, 2015 PMID: 25605858 When Is Good Enough Really Good Enough? Defining the Role of Radiation in Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Benjamin D. SmithxBenjamin D. SmithSearch for articles by this author Show More The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.59.4259 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Estrogen is involved in early alcohol-induced liver injury in a rat enteral feeding model
Authors: Ming Yin, Kenichi Ikejima, Michael D. Wheeler, Blair U. Bradford, Vitor Seabra, Donald T. Forman, Nobuhiro Sato, Ronald G. Thurman
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether reduction in blood estrogen by removal of the ovaries would decrease the sensitivity of female rats to early alcohol-induced liver injury using an enteral ethanol feeding model, and if so, whether estrogen replacement would compensate. Livers from ovariectomized rats with or without estrogen replacement after 4 weeks of continuous ethanol exposure were compared with nonovariectomized rats in the presence or absence of ethanol. Ethanol increased serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels from 30 ± 6 to 64 ± 7 U/L. This effect was blocked by ovariectomy (31 ± 7) and totally reversed by estrogen replacement (110 ± 23). Ethanol increased liver weight and fat accumulation, an effect that was minimized by ovariectomy and reversed partially by estrogen replacement. Infiltrating leukocytes were increased 6.7-fold by ethanol, an effect that was blunted significantly by ovariectomy and reversed by estrogen replacement. Likewise, a similar pattern of changes was observed in the number of necrotic hepatocytes. Blood endotoxin and hepatic levels of CD14 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were increased by ethanol. This effect was blocked in ovariectomized rats and elevated by estrogen replacement. Moreover, Kupffer cells isolated from ethanol-treated rats with estrogen replacement produced more tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) than those from control and ovariectomized rats. It is concluded, therefore, that the sensitivity of rat liver to alcohol-induced injury is directly related to estrogen, which increases endotoxin in the blood and CD14 expression in the liver, leading to increased TNF-α production.
Pulmonary Bone Marrow Emboli in Patients Receiving External Cardiac Massage
Authors: Julius W. Garvey, Frederick G. Zak
Journal: JAMA (1964)

FAT EMBOLISM involves either the pulmonary or the systemic circulation. The most frequent cause is skeletal fractures.<sup>1-3</sup>Other causes of fat emboli include jarring of the skeleton,<sup>4</sup>soft tissue injury,<sup>5</sup>liver rupture," burns,<sup>7</sup>poisons,<sup>8</sup>clostridial infection,<sup>9</sup>and diabetes.<sup>10</sup> In 1960, Kouwenhoven and colleagues<sup>11</sup>described a method of external cardiac massage and established it as a therapeutic measure for cardiac arrest. Since that time it has achieved widespread usage but the following complications have been noted: fractured ribs and sternum, subcapsular hematoma and rupture of the liver, pulmonary lacerations with hemothorax and pneumothorax, and pulmonary marrow emboli.<sup>12,13</sup> The present study deals with bone marrow emboli subsequent to external cardiac massage. <h3>Methods and Materials</h3> During the past year, pulmonary marrow emboli in the absence of previous trauma was observed in increased incidence in routine autopsy material. External cardiac massage was thought to be
The severity of liver fibrosis is associated with high leptin levels in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: G. Vanbiervliet, T. Piche, F. Vandenbos, X. Hebuterne, G. Calle, J. Giudicelli, B. Ferrua, C. Laffont, S. Benzaken, P. Rampal, A. Tran
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Defective ubiquitin-mediated degradation of antiapoptotic Bfl-1 predisposes to lymphoma
Authors: Gaofeng Fan, Matthew J. Simmons, Sheng Ge, Jui Dutta-Simmons, Jérôme Kucharczak, Yacov Ron, David Weissmann, Chiann-Chyi Chen, Chandreyee Mukherjee, Eileen White, Céline Gélinas
Journal: Blood (2010)
Peanut‐ and cow's milk‐specific IgE, Th2 cells and local anaphylactic reaction are induced in Balb/c mice orally sensitized with cholera toxin
Authors: K. Adel‐Patient, H. Bernard, S. Ah‐Leung, C. Créminon, J.‐M. Wal
Journal: Allergy (2005)

The development of animal models developing specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E presenting the same specificity as human IgE and similar clinical symptoms as those observed in allergic patients are of great interest for the understanding of mechanisms involved in the induction and regulation of food allergy.Balb/c female mice were sensitized with whole peanut protein extract (WPPE) by means of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections with alum or gavages with cholera toxin (CT). The WPPE specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a were monitored. Th2 cells activation was analysed assaying interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 vs IFNgamma on reactivated splenocytes. Local anaphylactic reaction was evaluated by assaying histamine in faecal samples. The oral sensitization protocol was further extended to cow's milk proteins (CMP).Balb/c mice developed high peanut-specific IgE and IgG1 responses either after i.p. or oral sensitizations. In both cases, antibodies were specific to polymer of glycinin fragments, containing polypeptides from Ara h3/4, and to a lesser extent to Ara h1 and Ara h2. Interleukin-4 and IL-5 production were evidenced. Balb/c mice could also be sensitized to CMP, as demonstrated by CMP-specific IL-4 and IL-5 secretions and induction of IgE specific for whole caseins, beta-lactoglobulin, serum bovine albumin and lactoferrin. Of interest was the occurrence of a local anaphylactic reaction in the peanut and CM models.In contrast with previous authors, Balb/c mice were sensitized and evidenced an allergic reaction after oral administrations of peanut or CMP plus CT, providing an interesting model for further studies on immunopathogenic mechanisms.
Beneath the seamlessness of health
Authors: I. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Imagine you suddenly see a car careering unavoidably towards you on the wrong side of the road. You probably won't remember the bang or feel your head whiplash against the wheel and then crack on the side window. You may not hear the fireman cutting you out; in fact, you wake up one day in a hospital bed and wonder where you are, call a passing nurse and be told you are in hospital and that suddenly it is January, not November.

On your first day home you may find yourself exploding at your wife over some trivial incident. After a while, the children begin to steer clear of you. Some friends take you out to the pub, but their voices are drowned out in the cacophony so you slam down your drink and walk out. The next day one of the friends phones you up to ask if you got home alright, and you …
Exercise Thallium-201 Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Todd S. Kotler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To determine the discriminant accuracy of exercise thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Data Identification: A survey of the National Library of Medicine MEDLINE database. Study Selection: The key medical subject headings used were coronary disease, myocardial infarction, radionuclide imaging, and thallium. A total of 122 retrieved studies were considered relevant and were reviewed in depth. Data Extraction: Only studies reporting both the sensitivity and specificity of thallium scintigraphy were analyzed. Results: Discriminant accuracy for diagnosis and prognosis was summarized in terms of pooled sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Exercise thallium scintigraphy is useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease, especially in patients with abnormal resting electrocardiograms, restricted exercise tolerance, and intermediate probability of having disease at the time of testing as well as of defining the prognosis of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease, especially in those with previous myocardial infarction. Because of various shortcomings in the published record, however, the marginal discriminant accuracy and cost effectiveness of thallium scintigraphy compared with conventional clinical assessment and exercise electrocardiography remain controversial.
Global Regulatory Strategies for Tobacco Control
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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