tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-Risk Persistent Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: Outcome After Initial Treatment With Low-Dose Methotrexate and Folinic Acid From 1992 to 2000
Authors: I. A. McNeish, S. Strickland, L. Holden, G. J.S. Rustin, M. Foskett, M. J. Seckl, E. S. Newlands
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

We have simplified the treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) in order to reduce the number of patients exposed to potentially carcinogenic chemotherapy. Patients who score 0 to 8 on the Charing Cross scoring system are classified as low-risk and receive methotrexate (MTX) and folinic acid (FA), whereas those who score higher than 8 are classified as high-risk and receive the etoposide, methotrexate, and dactinomycin (EMA)/cyclophosphamide and vincristine (CO) regimen.Between 1992 and 2000, 485 women with GTD were commenced on MTX/FA at Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom. If patients developed MTX resistance or toxicity, treatment was altered according to the level of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). If serum hCG was < or = 100 IU/L, patients received dactinomycin; if hCG was greater than 100 IU/L, patients received EMA/CO.The median duration of follow-up was 4.7 years. Overall survival was 100% and the relapse rate was 3.3% (16 of 485 patients). hCG values normalized in 324 (66.8%) of 485 patients with MTX alone, whereas 161 (33.2%) of 485 patients required a change in treatment, 11 because of MTX toxicity and 150 because of MTX resistance. Sixty-seven patients changed to dactinomycin, of whom 58 achieved normal hCG values, and nine required third-line chemotherapy with EMA/CO. hCG values normalized in 93 (98.9%) of 94 patients who changed directly to EMA/CO from MTX.Single-agent dactinomycin has activity in patients with low-risk GTD who develop MTX resistance and whose hCG is low. Simplifying the stratification of GTD into two classes (low- and high-risk) does not compromise overall outcome and may reduce the risk of second tumors.
Prophets and prophecies
Authors: Swaran P Singh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

KS entered my clinic beaming. “Did you hear the news last month that Russia and America have dumped their nuclear weapons into the sea?”

I had. It was big news; the end of the cold war. “Was it you?” I asked.

“Of course. Russia and America realised that I am the ultimate superpower. They fired their missiles at me, which I deflected into the sea. They now claim that they willingly destroyed the weapons.” His eyes twinkled, seeking my approval of his explanation, yet mocking me to defy it.

That was KS, a Punjab clerk. He had come to psychiatric outpatients at the insistence of his wife, who was fed up with repeated complaints …
Leukocyte beta-receptor alterations in hypertensive subjects.
Authors: R D Feldman, L E Limbird, J Nadeau, D Robertson, A J Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

It has been suggested that beta-adrenergic responsiveness is reduced in hypertension. To evaluate a possible alteration in human beta-receptors that might account for diminished beta-adrenergic responsiveness, we studied leukocytes from hypertensive and normotensive subjects after an overnight rest supine, and then after being ambulatory, a maneuver that increases plasma catecholamines approximately twofold. In supine samples, beta-receptor affinity for the agonist isoproterenol was significantly reduced in hypertensives and was associated with a reduction in the proportion of beta-receptors binding agonist with a high affinity from 42 +/- 6% in normotensive subjects to 25 +/- 2% in hypertensives (P less than 0.05). Alterations in beta-adrenergic-mediated adenylate cyclase activity parallelled the differences seen in the beta-receptor affinity for agonist. In normotensive subjects, beta-receptor density and the proportion of receptors binding agonist with high affinity were reciprocally correlated with plasma catecholamines. However, in the hypertensive subjects these correlations were not evident. Thus, our data suggest an alteration in leukocyte beta-receptor interactions in hypertensive subjects, and may represent a generalized defect in beta-receptor function in hypertension.
Clear Speaking — Art Therapy — Tobacco Taboo
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IN spite of all the advances in methods of communication that modern technology has brought about it is remarkable how often misunderstandings of all kinds can be traced to failures in communication. Perhaps this has sometimes been due to too much reliance on technology and neglect of the importance of ensuring clarity of the written and the spoken word. Certainly, the increasing complexity of work in the scientific field has made clarity of exposition ever more important. And yet the number of scientific articles and lectures that are barely intelligible, even to the initiated, is a matter for serious concern. . . .
Mechanism of polyuria and natriuresis in atrioventricular nodal tachycardia
Authors: M D Penney, M Rizeq
Journal: BMJ (1984)

of many young coloured people born and educated in the United Kingdom that discrimination exists within the medical schools.Other questions arise.Do these figures indicate a variation in the number of applications to individual schools or are they a consequence of unofficial policy that reflects racial discrimination based on name itself?Do medical schools try to reflect the racial mix of the community they serve in their intake?What percentage of applicants are successful and how do they compare for academic achievement both before and after admission ?Only the schools themselves can enlighten us, since the Universities Central Council for Admissions has been unable to provide the information.3If Dr McManus and Professor Richards hope to scrutinise the fairness of the selection process then they should ensure that such information is made available, at least for their own school.
Re: Yann Neuzillet, Xavier Tillou, Romain Mathieu, et al. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Exhibits Many Favourable Clinical, Pathologic, and Outcome Features Compared With RCC in the General Population. Eur Urol 2011;60:366–73
Authors: Toyonori Tsuzuki, Naoto Sassa, Momokazu Gotoh
Journal: European Urology (2011)
A Twenty-Five-Year Follow-up Study of Women Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol during Pregnancy
Authors: Marluce Bibbo, William M. Haenszel, George L. Wied, Marian Hubby, Arthur L. Herbst
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To assess the long-term effects of diethylstilbestrol we conducted a health survey among 693 mothers who had taken the drug during pregnancy and a comparable group of 668 who had not. These women had participated in a study during 1951-52 to evaluate the drug. There were 32 (4.6 per cent) breast cancers among the 693 exposed and 21 (3.1 per cent) among the 668 unexposed, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.16). No statistically significant differences occurred between the groups in any of the other categories of disease. The occurrence of breast cancer in both groups was compared to the Connecticut State Tumor Registry for 1963-65. Compared to the registry data, a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher incidence of breast cancer occurred in both the exposed and unexposed groups at ages over 50. The reason for this increase is not known, but effects linked to the selection of mothers participating in the original clinical study cannot be excluded.
Radial Neck Fracture in a Child
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Richard McCollum: The patient is an 8-year-8-month-old girl who fell off of her bed injuring her left arm. She was able to sleep through the night, but by morning considerable pain and swelling was noted and a physician was consulted. Roentgenological studies made at the local hospital revealed a fracture of the neck of the radius with marked displacement of the proximal radial epiphysis (Fig 1). Due to difficulties of transportation from her island community, the patient remained overnight in the local hospital and arrived at the Massachusetts General Hospital 36 hours following her injury. The admission physical examination was entirely normal except for the left elbow which was markedly swollen and tender. The arm was held in 45° of flexion at the elbow and 10° of pronation of the forearm. The patient resisted any attempt to move from this position either actively or passively. The patient also refused
A Critical Evaluation of Glycated Protein Parameters in Advanced Nephropathy: A Matter of Life or Death
Authors: Barry I. Freedman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Chronic kidney disease remains as one of the major complications for individuals with diabetes and contributes to considerable morbidity. Individuals subjected to dialysis therapy, half of whom are diabetic, experience a mortality of ∼20% per year. Understanding factors related to mortality remains a priority. Outside of dialysis units, A1C is unquestioned as the “gold standard” for glycemic control. In the recent past, however, there is evidence in large cohorts of diabetic dialysis patients that A1C at both the higher and lower levels was associated with mortality. Given the unique conditions associated with the metabolic dysregulation in dialysis patients, there is a critical need to identify accurate assays to monitor glycemic control to relate to cardiovascular endpoints. In this two-part point-counterpoint narrative, Drs. Freedman and Kalantar-Zadeh take opposing views on the utility of A1C in relation to cardiovascular disease and survival and as to consideration of use of other short-term markers in glycemia. In the narrative below, Dr. Freedman suggests that glycated albumin may be the preferred glycemic marker in dialysis subjects. In the counterpoint narrative following Dr. Freedman’s contribution, Dr. Kalantar-Zadeh defends the use of A1C as the unquestioned gold standard for glycemic management in dialysis subjects. —William T. Cefalu, MD Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Reye's Syndrome and Salicylates-Reply
Authors: Edward A. Mortimer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In my view, Dr White's letter does not set the record straight. I believe that my editorial remarks are fully documented in the public media and by the "paper trail" left by the Aspirin Foundation of America and several aspirin manufacturers. Dr White's statement that my editorial is "unfair" to the FDA is inaccurate; I did not criticize the FDA, which never withdrew its 1982 recommendation for a label warning. The FDA was simply overruled by the Office of Management and Budget under pressure from the aspirin industry, as asserted by an Office of Budget and Management staff member (<i>Wall Street Journal</i>, June 6, 1983, pp 1,22). Dr White takes me to task because various bodies recommended that "better" studies be conducted. Three public advisory bodies recommended that<i>further</i>, not better, studies be undertaken, but all three never changed their opinion that aspirin probably plays an important role
Abstract 1709: The effect of a XIAP inhibitor, embelin, on apoptosis of thyroid cancer cell lines
Authors: Ji Min Han, Won Bae Kim, Ji Hye Yim, Won Gu Kim, Tae Young Kim, Hyun-Jeung Choi, Eui Young Kim, Young Kee Shong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family that selectively blocks caspases-3, -7, -9 and inhibits cell death. Embelin, a XIAP inhibitor, is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and apoptotic activities. Recent reports suggest that embelin interferes the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) signal pathway. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer efficacy of embelin by measuring its effects on apoptosis of thyroid cancer cell lines. We also explored the mechanism underlying these effects. We found that embelin induced the apoptosis of human thyroid cancer cell lines, such as FTC-133, CAL-62, KTC-1, and 8505C. The effect was stronger in BRAF V600E-mutant thyroid cancer cell lines (KTC-1 and 8505C) than wild-type cell lines (FTC-133 and CAL-62). The effect of embelin on cell apoptosis was associated with increased phosphorylation of p38. SB203580 inhibited the embelin mediated induction of cleaved caspase-3 activity in V600E mutant thyroid cancer cell lines. Interestingly, embelin induced apoptosis in BRAF wild type cancer cell lines, even after treatment of SB203580. These results indicated that another signaling pathway, not a p38 pathway, might be existed for embelin induced apoptosis in BRAF wild type thyroid cancer cell. In conclusion, embelin-induced XIAP suppression resulted in an increase of apoptosis via phosphorylation of p38 in BRAF V600E-mutant thyroid cancer cell lines. Regulation of XIAP activity may be potentially useful as a treatment of thyroid cancer, especially in BRAF V600E-mutant thyroid cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1709. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1709
Chemistry and toxicity of flame retardants for plastics.
Authors: R Liepins, E M Pearce
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

An overview of commercially used flame retardants is give. The most used flame retardants are illustrated and the seven major markets, which use 96% of all flame-retarded polymers, are described. Annual flame retardant growth rate for each major market is also projected. Toxicity data are reviewed on only those compositions that are considered commercially significant today. This includes 18 compounds or families of compounds and four inherently flame-retarded polymers. Toxicological studies of flame retardants for most synthetic materials are of recent origin and only a few of the compounds have been evaluated in any great detail. Considerable toxicological problems may exist in the manufacturing of some flame retardants, their by-products, and possible decomposition products.
Childhood Chest Illness and the Rate of Decline of Adult Lung Function between Ages 35 and 45 Years
Authors: Agnes E. Marossy, David P. Strachan, Alicja R. Rudnicka, H. Ross Anderson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

There is an association between childhood chest illness and impairment of adult ventilatory function. It has not yet been established whether respiratory illness in childhood predisposes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by accelerating the decline in adult lung function.To determine the effects of childhood chest illness and smoking on the rate of decline of adult ventilatory function from the age of 35 to 45 yr in a large, nationally representative sample of British adults.Spirometry measurements were compared at 35 and 45 yr of age in 1,158 adults participating in the British 1958 Birth Cohort. Multiple regression analysis was used to measure the association between childhood chest illness and within-person change in spirometric volumes between age 35 and 45 yr, adjusting for potential confounding factors.The mean reduction in FEV(1) between ages 35 and 45 yr was 35 ml/yr. Compared with subjects without the relevant respiratory history, the rate of decline was not significantly associated with pneumonia (mean difference, -0.2; 95% confidence interval, -6.1 to +5.8 ml/yr), whooping cough (0.7, -5.1 to +6.5 ml/yr), wheeze by age 7 yr (0.4, -5 to +5.9 ml/yr), or wheeze onset by age 8 to 16 yr (-3.4, -10.5 to +3.6 ml/yr). A similar pattern emerged for forced vital capacity.Childhood chest illness does not adversely affect the rate of decline of lung function in mid-adult life.
918-20 Performance of Coronary Angioplasty in Patients with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Observations from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI)
Authors: David O. Williams, Sheryl F. Kelsey, James E. Bost, George Sopko, Robert L. Frye, Katherine M. Detre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Pharmacological mechanisms for left ventricular unloading in clinical congestive heart failure. Differential effects of nitroprusside, phentolamine, and nitroglycerin on cardiac function and peripheral circulation.
Authors: R R Miller, L A Vismara, D O Williams, E A Amsterdam, D T Mason
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

We compared cardiocirculatory actions of the commonly employed systemic vasodilators, intravenous (iv) nitroprusside (NP), iv phentolamine (PH), and sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG), causing left ventricular (LV) unloading in 29 chronic coronary subjects with congestive failure to determine whether they produce disparate responses in LV function by different relaxing actions on systemic resistance and capacitance beds. Each drug equally lowered systemic arterial pressures to a small extent, whereas heart rate rose slightly with NTG. Cardiac catheterization showed a decline in end-diastolic pressure with NTG (19 to 8 mm Hg) which was greater (P less than 0.05) than with NP and PH (21 to 11). Cardiac index increased (P less than 0.05) during NP (2.68 to 2.93 liters/min per m2) and PH (2.60 to 3.02) but was unchanged (2.83) by NTG. Stroke work increased with PH, ejection fraction rose with NP and PH, and mean ejection rate increased with each, whereas pressure-time per minute fell and end-diastolic volume decreased with each agent. Total systemic vascular resistance declined (P less than 0.001) during NP and PH (1,475 to 1,200 dynes sec cm-5) but was unchanged (1,487) by NTG. Plethysmographically, forearm vascular resistance (FVR) decreased (P less than 0.01) with NP and PH (61.6 to 39.1 mm Hg/ml per 100 g/min) but not (52.4) by NTG. The decreases in venous tone (VT) with NTG (18.2 to 9.3 mm Hg/ml) and NP (18.5 to 9.8) were greater (P less than 0.05) than with PH (18.8 to 13.1) FVR/VT percent changes of 0.96, 1.62, and 0.53 with NP, PH, and NTG indicated balanced systemic arteriolovenous relaxation by iv NP, greater arteriolar dilation with iv PH, and predominant venous dilation by sublingual NTG. Thus, vasodilators produce disparate modifications of LV function by their differing alterations of preload and impedance, which are dependent upon relative extents of relaxation of systemic resistance and capacitance vessels characteristic of each agent as used clinically.
374 HBV-SPECIFIC CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS VACCINATED WITH HEPATITIS B VACCINE
Authors: J. Rybczynska, U. Sharapov, E. Bancroft, K. Tran, J. Drobeniuc, S. Kamili, D. Hu, K. Krawczynski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Wyman's Method.
Authors: Walter Wyman
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Treasury Department, Office of the Supervising Surgeon-General Marine-Hospital Service. Washington, D. C, April 13, 1898. Dr. J. N. McCormack, Secretary State Board of Health: <h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —In reply to your letter of April 9, 1898, in which you request a correction of alleged mis-statements made in the current number of the Public Health Reports regarding smallpox epidemic in Middlesboro, I have to say that the statements in said Public Health Reports are verified by the records of this office, which show that not only the Governor of Kentucky and a member of Congress for the District including Middlesboro, and the president and secretary of the State Board of Health of Kentucky, requesting national aid in suppressing the epidemic of smallpox at Middlesboro, but that a similar request was also made from the Mayor of Middlesboro; so that your request for a correction was evidently made under a misapprehension of the facts. Contrary
Variation in optimal human mating strategies: Effects of individual differences in competence and self-regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Thomas R. Alley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Several suggestions are made for revision of Strategic Pluralism Theory (SPT). One revision requires recognition of the impact of individual differences in cognitive and behavioral competence on optimal mating strategy. In addition, SPT may need to incorporate certain self-regulatory processes such as the impact of widespread valuation of mates with one trait on their availability.
Absence of human herpesvirus-8 in glomeruloid haemangiomas associated with POEMS syndrome and Castleman's disease
Authors: G. Obermoser, C. Larcher, J.A. Sheldon, N. Sepp, B. Zelger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, POEMS syndrome is considered to be a form of plasma cell dyscrasia presenting as osteosclerotic myeloma or multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (= Castleman's disease) and evokes a large variety of symptoms including polyneuropathy, organomegaly (lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly or hepatomegaly), endocrinopathy (frequently as hypothyroidism or hypogonadism), monoclonal gammopathy and protean skin changes. Synonyms are Crow–Fukase syndrome, Takatsuki syndrome and PEP syndrome (polyneuropathy, endocrinopathy, plasma cell dyscrasia).1 Skin signs in POEMS syndrome are usually nonspecific and include generalized hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis and diffuse sclerodermiform skin thickening.2 Glomeruloid haemangiomas, however, are regarded to be highly specific for POEMS syndrome. To date, no case of glomeruloid haemangioma has been reported outside POEMS syndrome.3 A 36‐year‐old man presented with multiple dome‐shaped, firm purple‐red angiomas measuring up to 2 cm in diameter on the upper back and abdomen. They had appeared suddenly 1 year previously within a 2‐month period and had remained unchanged and asymptomatic thereafter (Fig. 1A). The patient was in poor general condition. He had lost 10 kg of weight over the past 2 years, and he had a disabling sensorimotor polyneuropathy of the lower extremities, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, pleural effusions, generalized lymphadenopathy and multiple endocrine dysfunctions (primary hypothyroidism, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with sexual impotence, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency and pathological oral glucose tolerance). Skin biopsy of a haemangioma revealed endothelial cell proliferation with ectatic vascular spaces lined by a single layer of flat endothelial cells, filled with red blood cells and interspersed stromal cells resulting in structures reminiscent of renal glomeruli (Fig. 1B). In immunohistochemistry, two distinct endothelial cell populations were observed: one was predominantly CD31‐positive and formed sinusoidal to slit‐like vascular channels, and the other type was CD34‐positive, exhibited a plumper morphology, and outlined small round to oval vessels within the glomeruloid haemangioma.4 Macrophage‐like KP1 (CD68)‐positive cells were interspersed in the stroma.
Ban junk food in hospitals, say doctors
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hospitals and other NHS premises should be banned from selling junk food and unhealthy drinks to patients, relatives, and staff, doctors have said.

Representatives at the BMA’s annual meeting in Edinburgh this week agreed that the association should lobby the Department of Health and the NHS Confederation, which represent NHS providers and commissioners, to ensure that junk food and unhealthy drinks are not sold on NHS premises.

The London cardiology trainee Aseem Malhotra told the conference that the food industry’s “aggressive and irresponsible” marketing had been allowed to hijack the very institutions that were supposed …