tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Application of biologic markers to studies of environmental risks in children and the developing fetus.
Authors: R M Whyatt, F P Perera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Young children and the developing fetus may be more susceptible to effects of environmental toxicants than adults due to differential exposure patterns and developmental immaturities. Biologic markers offer the potential of quantitative dosimeters of biologic dose and/or indices of biologic effect associated with fetal/childhood exposures. They can facilitate evaluation of interindividual variability in response and the magnitude of age-related susceptibilities. Thus far, biologic markers have not been widely used in developmental epidemiology of environmental exposures. Research by our group and others has seen elevations in biologic markers in samples from children and fetal tissue associated with a spectrum of environmental exposures, including tobacco smoke (active and passive), ambient pollution, and dietary contaminants. Studies also suggest that biologic markers can provide powerful dosimeters for investigating reproductive effects. Validation of biologic markers offering the greatest promise for developmental epidemiology is needed.
The Pediatrician's Ophthalmology
Authors: Joseph E. Alfano
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Many ophthalmologists have felt a need for a concise and yet comprehensive textbook of pediatric ophthalmology. This textbook, while ostensibly aimed at the pediatrician, goes a very long way  fulfilling this need. The list of contributors is indeed impressive, including such well-known ophthalmologists as Casten, Chandler, the late Fred Cordes, Castenbader, Donaldson, Falls, Fox, Gunderson, Jones, McGavic, Parks, and Frank Walsh.  The opening chapters, briefly reviewing the anatomy and embryology of the eye, are followed by a chapter containing many helpful hints and aids used  the examination of infants and children. The section on congenital cataracts by the late Dr. Cordes is remarkable. But we cannot help but feel that if Dr. Cordes were alive today he would certainly modify his statement that in the average case, it is safe to say that linear extraction through a small corneoscleral incision is the operation of choice. And subsequent editions
Hypothermia for Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Romain Pirracchio, Didier Journois
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lp(a) glycoprotein phenotypes. Inheritance and relation to Lp(a)-lipoprotein concentrations in plasma.
Authors: G Utermann, H J Menzel, H G Kraft, H C Duba, H G Kemmler, C Seitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The Lp(a) lipoprotein represents a quantitative genetic trait. It contains two different polypeptide chains, the Lp(a) glycoprotein and apo B-100. We have demonstrated the Lp(a) glycoprotein directly in human sera by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions after immunoblotting using anti-Lp(a) serum and have observed inter- and intraindividual size heterogeneity of the glycoprotein with apparent molecular weights ranging from approximately 400,000-700,000 D. According to their relative mobilities compared with apo B-100 Lp(a) patterns were categorized into phenotypes F (faster than apo B-100), B (similar to apo B-100), S1, S2, S3, and S4 (all slower than apo B-100), and into the respective double-band phenotypes. Results from neuraminidase treatment of isolated Lp(a) glycoprotein indicate that the phenotypic differences do not reside in the sialic acid moiety of the glycoprotein. Family studies are compatible with the concept that Lp(a) glycoprotein phenotypes are controlled by a series of autosomal alleles (Lp[a]F, Lp[a]B, Lp[a]S1, Lp[a]S2, Lp[a]S3, Lp[a]S4, and Lp[a]0) at a single locus. Comparison of Lp(a) plasma concentrations in different phenotypes revealed a highly significant association of phenotype with concentration. Phenotypes B, S1, and S2 are associated with high and phenotypes S3 and S4 with low Lp(a) concentrations. This suggests that the same gene locus is involved in determining Lp(a) glycoprotein phenotypes and Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations in plasma and is the first indication for structural differences underlying the quantitative genetic Lp(a)-trait.
Phase I Study of Induction Chemotherapy and Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy with Irinotecan, Carboplatin, and Paclitaxel for Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nicholas W. Choong, Everett E. Vokes, Daniel J. Haraf, Peter K. Tothy, Mark K. Ferguson, Kristen Kasza, Charles M. Rudin, Philip C. Hoffman, Stuart A. Krauss, Livia Szeto, Ann M. Mauer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
CLIMATE FOR TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: NORMAN BRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Climate is supposed to be the major force in the cure of consumption. It is important, but only one element in the proper management of this disease. The vital object is to increase the resisting power to the bacillus; everything that tends toward that end is important. Climate may be made to help toward it in some cases; but it does not always help—sometimes it hinders, and greatly does so. It is a pitiable waste when it does not help; it ought always to benefit somewhat or not be invoked. Many times it is worse than useless, and brings disappointment and chagrin where it ought to give comfort, and so throws discredit on the whole subject. A measure capable of so much good ought not to be discredited by the unwise use of it, or by unwarrantable belief in it. Fatuous faith leads to neglect of other needful things. Because
Prevalence of acute mountain sickness in the Swiss Alps.
Authors: M Maggiorini, B Buhler, M Walter, O Oelz
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the prevalence of symptoms and signs of acute mountain sickness of the Swiss Alps. DESIGN--A study using an interview and clinical examination in a representative population of mountaineers. Positive symptoms and signs were assigned scores to quantify the severity of acute mountain sickness. SETTING--Four huts in the Swiss Alps at 2850 m, 3050 m, 3650 m, and 4559 m. SUBJECTS--466 Climbers, mostly recreational: 47 at 2850 m, 128 at 3050 m, 82 at 3650, and 209 at 4559 m. RESULTS--In all, 117 of the subjects were entirely free of symptoms and clinical signs of acute mountain sickness; 191 had one or two symptoms and signs; and 158 had more than two. Those with more than two symptoms and signs were defined as suffering from acute mountain sickness. At 4559 m 11 climbers presented with high altitude pulmonary oedema or cerebral oedema, or both. Men and women were equally affected. The prevalence of acute mountain sickness correlated with altitude: it was 9% at 2850 m, 13% at 3050 m, 34% at 3650 m, and 53% at 4559 m. The most frequent symptoms and signs were insomnia, headache, peripheral oedema, and scanty pulmonary rales. Severe headache, vomiting, dizziness, tachypnoea, and pronounced pulmonary rales were associated with other symptoms and signs and therefore characteristic of acute mountain sickness. CONCLUSION--Acute mountain sickness is not an uncommon disease at moderately high altitude--that is, above 2800 m. Severe headache, vomiting, dizziness, tachypnoea, and pronounced pulmonary rales indicate severe acute mountain sickness, and subjects who suffer these should immediately descend to lower altitudes.
A Study of HLA Antigen Distribution in Families with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Rona M. MacKie, Heather M. Dick
Journal: Allergy (1979)

Seventeen children presenting with atopic dermatitis were HLA typed together with their parents and siblings. A total of 89 individuals was studied. No close link between HLA antigen distribution and clinical expression of atopy was demonstrated, and 14 HLA identical but disease‐free siblings were identified. An increase in the A1 B8 haplotype was observed in the families as a whole by comparison with a large control series.
Letter: Hyperglycericacidaemia with hyperglycinaemia: a new inborn error of metabolism.
Authors: N J Brandt, S Brandt, K Rasmussen, F Schnoheyder
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a major prognostic factor in coronary artery disease and may be computed by <sup>99m</sup>Tc-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) gated SPECT. However, <sup>201</sup>Tl remains widely used for assessing myocardial perfusion and viability. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of both <sup>99m</sup>Tc-MIBI and <sup>201</sup>Tl gated SPECT in assessing LVEF in patients with myocardial infarction, large perfusion defects and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. <b>Methods:</b> Fifty consecutive patients (43 men, 7 women; mean age 61 ± 17 y) with a history of myocardial infarction (anterior, 26; inferior, 18; lateral, 6) were studied. All patients underwent equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA) and rest myocardial gated SPECT, either 1 h after the injection of 1110 MBq <sup>99m</sup>Tc-MIBI (n = 19, group 1) or 4 h after the injection of 185–203 MBq <sup>201</sup>Tl (n = 31, group 2) using a 90° dual-head camera. After filtered backprojection (Butterworth filter: order 5, cutoff 0.25 <sup>99m</sup>Tc or 0.20 <sup>201</sup>Tl), LVEF was calculated from reconstructed gated SPECT with a previously validated semiautomatic commercially available software quantitative gated SPECT (QGS). Perfusion defects were expressed as a percentage of the whole myocardium planimetered by bull9s-eye polar map of composite nongated SPECT. <b>Results:</b> Gated SPECT image quality was considered suitable for LVEF measurement in all patients. Mean perfusion defects were 36% ± 18% (group 1), 33% ± 17% (group 2), 34% ± 17% (group 1 + group 2). LVEF was underestimated using gated SPECT compared with ERNA (34% ± 12% and 39% ± 12%, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.0001). Correlations were high (group 1, <i>r</i> = 0.88; group 2, <i>r</i> = 0.76; group 1 + group 2, <i>r</i> = 0.82), and Bland-Altman plots showed a fair agreement between gated SPECT and ERNA. The difference between the two methods did not vary as LVEF, perfusion defect size or severity increased or when the mitral valve plane was involved in the defect. <b>Conclusion:</b> LVEF measurement is feasible using myocardial gated SPECT with the QGS method in patients with large perfusion defects and LV dysfunction. However, both <sup>201</sup>Tl and <sup>99m</sup>Tc-MIBI gated SPECT similarly and significantly underestimated LVEF in patients with LV dysfunction and large perfusion defects.
The clinical and physiological spectrum of interferon-alpha induced thyroiditis: Toward a new classification
Authors: Jamie C. Mandac, Sonal Chaudhry, Kenneth E. Sherman, Yaron Tomer
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Interferon-alpha (IFNα) is a major treatment modality for several malignant and nonmalignant diseases, especially hepatitis C. Prospective studies have shown that up to 15% of patients with hepatitis C receiving IFNα develop clinical thyroid disease, and up to 40% were reported to develop thyroid antibodies. Some of these complications may result in discontinuation of interferon therapy. Thus, interferon induced thyroiditis (IIT) is a major clinical problem for patients receiving interferon therapy. IIT can be classified as autoimmune type and non-autoimmune type. Autoimmune IIT may manifest by the development of thyroid antibodies without clinical disease, or by clinical disease which includes both autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and autoimmune thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease). Non-autoimmune IIT can manifest as destructive thyroiditis or as hypothyroidism with negative thyroid antibodies. Early detection and therapy of these conditions is important in order to avoid complications of thyroid disease such as cardiac arrhythmias. While it is not clear which factors contribute to the susceptibility to IIT, recent evidence suggests that genetic factors, gender, and hepatitis C virus infection may play a role. In contrast, viral genotype and therapeutic regimen do not influence susceptibility to IIT. The etiology of IIT is unknown and may be secondary to immune modulation by IFNα and/or direct effects of interferon on the thyroid. In this review we discuss the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of IIT, and we are proposing a new, etiology-based classification of IIT, as well as an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of IIT. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:661–672.)
Acute dissection of the thoracic aorta
Authors: A. P Banning, M. S T Ruttley, F. Musumeci, A. G Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Untreated patients with acute dissection of the thoracic aorta have a mortality of more than 1% per hour.1 Lowering the systolic blood pressure reduces the risk of extension, so every patient who might have a dissection should receive antihypertensive treatment while waiting for a definitive diagnosis by imaging. Such patients should be treated in a high dependency area, where the electrocardiogram can be monitored continuously. The systolic blood pressure should be kept below 110 mm Hg by an infusion of labetalol. This is the drug of choice as it causes a rapid reduction in blood pressure that can be controlled by altering the rate of infusion.

Which diagnostic imaging technique should be used? It should provide a fast and accurate diagnosis and identify damage to the ascending aorta. Ideally, it should also show the site of the intimal tear, the distal extent of any dissection, and the presence of associated complications including tamponade, aortic regurgitation, and the involvement of the origins of the coronary arteries and aortic branches.2

Aortography has long been the standard investigation, but it has disadvantages. These include delay while the angiography team is …
Refractory Cardiac Failure-Reply
Authors: A. C. Corcoran
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Pastor and I have different interpretations of the gist of Dr. Lyons' question (<i>JAMA</i><b>178</b>:691 [Nov. 11] 1961). This I took to be the possibility of specific mercurial resistance as a sequel to prolonged thiazide diuretic therapy. Electrolyte imbalance and hypochloremic diuretic resistance are recognized complications of prolonged or intensive treatment with either mercurials or thiazides. Dr. Pastor's summary of the management of this problem is indeed informative. I think he would agree that recent advances in what is essentially palliative therapy do not correct defective cardiac mechanisms or progressive disease and must inevitably increase the fraction of patients who come to a point of no return.
Abstract 2994: Benzene induces leukemia-related chromosome loss in myeloid progenitor cells
Authors: Luoping Zhang, Qing Lan, Zhiying Ji, Guilan Li, Weihong Guo, Min Shen, Alan Hubbard, Roel Vermeulen, Stephen Rappaport, Nathaniel Rothman, Martyn T. Smith
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Benzene, a common environmental pollutant, is an established cause of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other blood disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the precise mechanisms by which it produces leukemia and related disorders remain unclear. Previously, we reported that benzene exposure, at and below the current US occupational standard of 1 ppm, significantly reduced essentially all types of peripheral blood cell counts in shoe workers in China (Lan et al, 2004). This suggests a toxic effect of benzene on bone marrow since all peripheral blood cells arise from stem and early progenitor cells located in the bone marrow, which are also the target cells for leukemia induction. A portion of these stem and early progenitor cells circulate in the blood making it possible to measure their proliferation potential. We previously showed that colony formation from blood myeloid progenitor cells (including CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM) significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells (Lan et al, 2004). We have now investigated the effect of different levels of benzene exposure on the loss and gain of chromosomes 7 and 8, as these are the most common cytogenetic changes observed in AML and MDS and are thought to be causally related to the disease process. CFU-GM cells were cultured in methylcellulose colony-forming assays (StemCell Technologies) from a subset (n = 42) of the workers studied previously (18 workers exposed to &amp;lt;10 ppm, 10 exposed to &amp;gt;10 ppm benzene and 14 unexposed controls) for cytogenetic analysis by interphase FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) microscopically. Here, we report that benzene exposure above and below 10 ppm caused significant increases in the loss (monosomy) of chromosomes 7 and 8 in comparison to controls and that the trend with increasing exposure was significant (ptrend &amp;lt; 0.01). The gain (trisomy) of both chromosomes 7 and 8 was not significantly affected by benzene exposure in the 42 subjects studied here. In conclusion, interphase cytogenetic analysis of the loss of chromosomes 7 and 8 in myeloid progenitors is a potential biomarker for the effects of benzene exposure in humans. Further, our results support the idea that the loss of chromosome 7 in early myeloid progenitor cells is a probable mechanism contributing to benzene-induced AML and MDS. Supported by NIEHS-NIH grant RO1-ES06721 and Intramural Funds from NCI. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2994.
Tc-99m Sestamibi Localization of an Ectopic Mediastinal Parathyroid Tumor in a Patient With Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Bruce K. Adams, Rita T. Devi, Zuhair Y. Al-Haider
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 50-year-old woman presented with pain and tenderness in the right flank. Urogram and ultrasound demonstrated the presence of an 8-mm calculus in the right kidney. There were persistently elevated serum calcium levels ranging from 10.7–11.4 mg/dL (normal range: 8.5–10.5) and borderline low serum phosphate levels of 2.4–2.9 mg/dL (normal range 2.5–4.5). Serum albumin levels were normal. The patient's parathormone levels were elevated and a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was made. An MRI of the neck failed to reveal evidence of parathyroid pathology. Tc-99m sestamibi imaging demonstrated no abnormal parathyroid tissue in the neck, but clearly showed an abnormal focus in the anterior mediastinum.
Febrile Seizures and Purulent Meningitis
Authors: John H. Samson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

One hundred and fifty-two patients with purulent meningitis were hospitalized in Childrens' Hospital of Los Angeles. Eleven of 27 patients with fever and their first major motor seizure failed to show any sign of purulent meningitis; all 11 were under 16 months of age. Four of the 11 had a concomitant infection. The presence of purulent meningitis cannot always be excluded in infants with fever whose diagnosis of first major motor seizure is based on clinical examination alone.
Studies of the Clinical Spectrum and Pathogenesis of Tropical Sprue.
Authors: Theodore M. Bayless, Munsey S. Wheby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Studies of the Clinical Spectrum and Pathogenesis of Tropical Sprue.Theodore M. Bayless, M.D., Munsey S. WhebyTheodore M. Bayless, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Munsey S. WhebySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1081_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe "enigma of tropical sprue" (Manson-Bahr) continues to interest physicians. Primary dietary folic acid deficiency does not seem to be the cause of tropical sprue, but folic acid therapy results in both absorptive and hematologic improvement. Antibiotics are also effective therapy, but bacteriologic studies of jejunal fluid are unrevealing. Symptoms may start after residents of the tropics move to temperate zones.This is the report of studies of (1) clinical manifestations and histologic alterations in the small intestine in 125 patients with tropical sprue; (2) bone marrow morphology in early, nonanemic patients; and (3) rapid effects of folic acid and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Theodore M. Bayless, M.D.; Munsey S. Wheby PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5 Page: 1081-1082 Keywords Antibiotics Bone marrow Folic acid Pathogenesis Small intestine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chicken serum albumin (Gal d 5*) is a partially heat‐labile inhalant and food allergen implicated in the bird‐egg syndrome
Authors: S. Quirce, F. Marañón, A. Umpiérrez, M. De Las Heras, E. Fernández‐Caldas, J. Sastre
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Chicken serum albumin (alpha-livetin) has been implicated as the causative allergen of the bird-egg syndrome. However, the clinical relevance of sensitization to this allergen has not been confirmed by specific challenge tests and environmental sampling. We investigated whether chicken albumin can be detected in air samples collected in a home with birds, and whether sensitization to this protein may cause respiratory and food allergy symptoms. The heat resistance of chicken albumin and the possible cross-reactivity with conalbumin were also investigated.We studied eight patients with food allergy to egg yolk who also suffered from respiratory symptoms (rhinitis and/or asthma) caused by exposure to birds. Sensitization to egg yolk and bird antigens was investigated by skin and serologic tests. Hypersensitivity to chicken albumin was confirmed by specific bronchial, conjunctival, and oral provocation tests.All patients had positive skin tests and serum IgE against egg yolk, chicken serum, chicken meat, bird feathers, and chicken albumin. The presence of airborne chicken albumin in the domestic environment was confirmed. Specific bronchial challenge to chicken albumin elicited early asthmatic responses in six patients with asthma. An oral challenge with chicken albumin provoked digestive and systemic allergic symptoms in the two patients challenged. IgE reactivity to chicken albumin was reduced by 88% after heating at 90 degrees C for 30 min. ELISA inhibition demonstrated only partial cross-reactivity between chicken albumin and conalbumin.Chicken albumin (Gal d 5) is a partially heat-labile allergen that may cause both respiratory and food-allergy symptoms in patients with the bird-egg syndrome.