tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATICAL RELATIONS OF CERTAIN CHEST MEASUREMENTS.
Authors: WINFIELD S. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1904)

During a recent investigation of "The Relation of Chest Contours to Lung Capacity," made by Dr. F. F. Malone,<sup>1</sup>in the physiologic laboratory of the Northwestern University Medical School, it occurred to me, first, that there should be a method of computing area expansion from the diameters; and second, that there should be a method of computing lung capacity from area expansion and thoracic length. The chest contours were traced through the help of the chest pantograph, which I devised.<sup>2</sup>One of these contours is shown in Figure 1. The one chosen for this figure happens to represent a chest of unusually high index, i. e., an unusually deep chest. The inner line shows the contour of the chest at the end of the forced expiration, while the outer line gives the contour at the end of the forced inspiration. The cross-sectional area or contour area of the chest at
P112Calcium channels influence of mifipristone vasorelaxation on vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: M Mariana, J Feiteiro, I Verde, E Cairrao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Introduction: Mifepristone (RU 486) is a compound derived from the estrane progestins and related to steroid hormones. It was the first synthetic steroid of this class employed as abortifacient in the first months of pregnancy. The treatment with this drug reduces high potassium-induced contraction, prevents calcium-induced contraction in depolarized tissue and relaxes the oxytocin and prostaglandin-induced contractions. At the vascular level, mifepristone induces direct relaxation in rats and human arteries. This effect is endothelium- and NO-independent, suggesting that the vascular smooth muscle is the target of its action. Moreover, this effect induced by mifepristone may involve inactivation or activation of several calcium channels. In this sense, the aim of the present study is to analyse the involvement of calcium and potassium channels in the relaxation induced by RU 486 on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Methods: Planar Cell Surface Area (PCSA) technique was used to analyze the effect of RU 486 on the VSMC contractility. The A7r5 cell line were contracted using norepinephrine (1μM) or serotonin (1μM) and the effect induced by RU 486 (0.1–100 μM) was analyzed. Moreover, the whole cell configuration of Patch Clamp technique was also used to measure the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) and K+ channels in A7r5 cells. The effect of different concentrations of RU 486 (0.1-100μM) on basal and stimulated (-)-Bay K8644 (BAY) activity of LTCC and on K+ currents was analyzed. Results: Regarding the PCSA technique, mifepristone induce relaxation of the VSMC, for all the contractile agents used. Concerning the RU 486 effects in the calcium currents, our results revealed a rapid concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on basal and BAY-stimulated calcium current, which indicates that this drug have the ability to block LTCC. However, RU 486 did not have any influence on the potassium current that is mainly constituted by voltage-sensitive and large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels. Conclusions: These results suggest that mifepristone induces relaxation on the vascular smooth muscle cells due to the inhibition of the calcium channels, and the K+ channels are not involved in this effect.
Are Randomized Trials Appropriate for Evaluating New Operations?
Authors: Lawrence I. Bonchek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

A single operation, coronary-artery bypass, has gained unprecedented popularity despite lack of unequivocal evidence that it prolongs the life of most patients. This situation has evoked editorial pleas for prospective, randomized studies of the procedure,1 and, more recently, the suggestion that such studies be performed "from the very first clinical trial" of all new operations2 and precede widespread use not only of surgical procedures but of "costly procedures of all kinds."3 These proposals reflect how much we have profited from prospective, randomized studies of new drugs, but they do not fully recognize the differences between new drugs and new operations. . . .
Competitive Inhibition of Thyroidal Uptake of Dietary Iodide by Perchlorate Does Not Describe Perturbations in Rat Serum Total T <sub>4</sub> and TSH
Authors: Eva D. McLanahan, Melvin E. Andersen, Jerry L. Campbell, Jeffrey W. Fisher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Perchlorate (ClO4(-)) is an environmental contaminant known to disrupt the thyroid axis of many terrestrial and aquatic species. ClO4(-) competitively inhibits iodide uptake into the thyroid at the sodium/iodide symporter and disrupts hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis homeostasis in rodents.We evaluated the proposed mode of action for ClO4(-)-induced rat HPT axis perturbations using a biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model of the HPT axis coupled with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of ClO4(-).We configured a BBDR-HPT/ClO4(-) model to describe competitive inhibition of thyroidal uptake of dietary iodide by ClO4(-) and used it to simulate published adult rat drinking water studies. We compared model-predicted serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations with experimental observations reported in these ClO4(-) drinking water studies.The BBDR-HPT/ClO4(-) model failed to predict the ClO4(-)-induced onset of disturbances in the HPT axis. Using ClO4(-) inhibition of dietary iodide uptake into the thyroid, the model underpredicted both the rapid decrease in serum TT4 concentrations and the rise in serum TSH concentrations.Assuming only competitive inhibition of thyroidal uptake of dietary iodide, BBDR-HPT/ClO4(-) model calculations were inconsistent with the rapid decrease in serum TT4 and the corresponding increase in serum TSH. Availability of bound iodide in the thyroid gland governed the rate of hormone secretion from the thyroid. ClO4(-) is translocated into the thyroid gland, where it may act directly or indirectly on thyroid hormone synthesis/secretion in the rat. The rate of decline in serum TT4 in these studies after 1 day of treatment with ClO4(-) appeared consistent with a reduction in thyroid hormone production/secretion. This research demonstrates the utility of a biologically based model to evaluate a proposed mode of action for ClO4(-) in a complex biological process.
Effect of Nadroparin, a Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, on Clinical and Angiographic Restenosis After Coronary Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Jean-Marc Lablanche, Eugène P. McFadden, Nicolas Meneveau, Jean René Lusson, Bernard Bertrand, Jean-Philippe Metzger, Victor Legrand, Gilles Grollier, Carlos Macaya, Bernard de Bruyne, Alec Vahanian, Alain Grentzinger, Christiane Masquet, Jean-Eric Wolf, Gerard Tobelem, Sylvie Fontecave, André Vacheron, Pascal d’Azemar, Michel E. Bertrand
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Experimental studies suggest that the antiproliferative effect of heparin after arterial injury is maximized by pretreatment. No previous studies of restenosis have used a pretreatment strategy. We designed this study to determine whether treatment with nadroparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, started 3 days before the procedure and continued for 3 months, affected angiographic restenosis or clinical outcome after coronary angioplasty.In a prospective multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial, elective coronary angioplasty was performed on 354 patients who were treated with daily subcutaneous nadroparin (0.6 mL of 10,250 anti-Xa IU/mL) or placebo injections started 3 days before angioplasty and continued for 3 months. Angiography was performed just before and immediately after angioplasty and at follow-up. The primary study end point was angiographic restenosis, assessed by quantitative coronary angiography 3 months after balloon angioplasty. Clinical follow-up was continued up to 6 months. Clinical and procedural variables and the occurrence of periprocedural complications did not differ between groups. At angiographic follow-up, the mean minimal lumen diameter and the mean residual stenosis in the nadroparin group (1.37+/-0.66 mm, 51.9+/-21.0%) did not differ from the corresponding values in the control group (1.48+/-0.59 mm, 48.8+/-18.9%). Combined major cardiac-related clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization) did not differ between groups (30.3% versus 29.6%).Pretreatment with the low-molecular-weight heparin nadroparin continued for 3 months after balloon angioplasty had no beneficial effect on angiographic restenosis or on adverse clinical outcomes.
Genome-wide analysis of chromatin features identifies histone modification sensitive and insensitive yeast transcription factors
Authors: Chao Cheng, Chong Shou, Kevin Y Yip, Mark B Gerstein
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Abstract We propose a method to predict yeast transcription factor targets by integrating histone modification profiles with transcription factor binding motif information. It shows improved predictive power compared to a binding motif-only method. We find that transcription factors cluster into histone-sensitive and -insensitive classes. The target genes of histone-sensitive transcription factors have stronger histone modification signals than those of histone-insensitive ones. The two classes also differ in tendency to interact with histone modifiers, degree of connectivity in protein-protein interaction networks, position in the transcriptional regulation hierarchy, and in a number of additional features, indicating possible differences in their transcriptional regulation mechanisms.
Skin Sensitization to Streptomycin
Authors: C. Stringfellow
Journal: BMJ (1948)

Bmnm 387Osteotomy An osteotomy is seldom necessary.It is carried out, however, in two circumstances: (a) For the Child who is Resistant to Treatment.-Thesepatients are generally over the age of 10, with a neglected deformity and 4 in.(10 cm;) of intermalleolar separation.The
Promoting healthy weight in school children: what does the HEIA study teach us about effective interventions?
Authors: Sigmund A Anderssen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

In children and youth, regular physical activity and adequate diet are necessary for normal growth and they impact a range of health outcomes1 including overweight and obesity. Children are a critical target group for public health efforts to prevent overweight and obesity. Key elements to prevent excess bodyweight are physical activity, sedentary time and a healthy diet. Several structural changes during the past decades have led to changes in these behaviors. It is easy to make the unhealthy choices and gain excess bodyweight. Thus, effective interventions to promote physical activity and a healthy diet are essential.

In a related paper, Grydeland et al 2 report results from a systematically developed 20-month cluster randomised controlled school-based intervention—the HEalth In Adolescents (HEIA) study—on body composition outcomes. The HEIA study has previously reported intervention effects on targeted behaviours …
Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are most often not associated with lupus‐like anticoagulant (LLAC) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Authors: P. Capel, A. Janssens, N. Clumeck, M. Gerard, W. Feremans, D. Vandevelde, P. Fondu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and lupus‐like anticoagulant (LLAC) have been studied in a group of 142 non‐hospitalized and a group of 72 hospitalized HIV infected patients. We observed a variable frequency of ACA positivity ranging from 7.7% to 30.3% according to the groups of patients and the isotype of immunoglobulin fraction containing ACA activity. None of the patients investigated presented a prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) compatible with the presence of a LLAC. Some patients presented a weak anticoagulant activity only detected by the tissue thromboplastin inhibition (TTI) test. No positive correlation was found between this latter test and ACA. We conclude that, like in syphilitic patients, ACA present in HIV infected patients are most often not associated with LLAC.
Improved Renal Function in Children with Cystinosis Treated with Cysteamine
Authors: Thomas C. Markello, Isa M. Bernardini, William A. Gahl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The lysosomal storage disease cystinosis results in renal failure at approximately 10 years of age. Although oral cysteamine therapy is recognized to preserve kidney function, the extent of renal benefit has not been determined.Between 1960 and 1992, we determined 24-hour creatinine clearances in 76 children with cystinosis during 1081 admissions to the National Institutes of Health. Seventeen children were considered to have received adequate treatment with cysteamine, since they had depletion of cystine from leukocytes and began therapy before the age of 2 years; treatment lasted a mean of 7.1 years. Thirty-two children were considered to have received partial treatment, since they had poor compliance with therapy or began treatment after the age of 2; treatment lasted a mean of 4.5 years. Twenty-seven children were followed in the era before cysteamine therapy and thus never received cysteamine.Of the 27 children who never received cysteamine, 16 were followed at the National Institutes of Health until renal failure occurred; their mean (+/- SD) creatinine clearance was 8.0 +/- 4.8 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area at a mean age of 8.3 +/- 1.9 years. Of the 17 children who received adequate treatment, none had renal failure; their mean creatinine clearance was 57 +/- 20 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 at 8.3 +/- 3.8 years of age. The mean creatinine clearance of the children who received partial or adequate treatment with cysteamine increased with age up to the age of five years and then declined linearly with age at a normal rate. For the children who received adequate treatment, the mean creatinine clearance was predicted to reach 0 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 at the age of 74 years, as compared with 20 years of age for the children who received partial treatment. With no therapy, the mean creatinine clearance reaches 0 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 at 10 years of age.Children with cystinosis who are treated early and adequately with cysteamine have renal function that increases during the first five years of life and then declines at a normal rate. Patients with poorer compliance and those who are treated at an older age do less well.
Surgery for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome interrupts efferent vagal innervation to the left ventricle and to the atrioventricular node in the canine heart
Authors: H. INOUE, Y. MAHOMED, R. J KOVACS, D. P ZIPES
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The hypothesis that cardiac surgery to interrupt accessory pathways also interrupts autonomic nerves to the canine ventricle and to the atrioventricular node was tested in four groups of dogs. Group 1 (n=6) underwent dissection of the atrioventricular fat tissue and cryolesion created by application of a cryoprobe at -60°C for 2 min along the lateral left atrioventricular groove, the same surgical procedure as carried out in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with accessory pathways located in the left ventricular free wall. Group 2 (n=6) underwent dissection of the atrioventricular fat pad alone and group 3 (n=6) dissection and cryolesion along the posterior left atrioventricular groove as performed in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with accessory pathways located in the posterior paraseptal area. Group 4 consisted of 11 non-operated control dogs. Four to 13 days after surgery the ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) was determined during bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation (4 ms pulses, 2-3 Hz, and 2-3 mA), noradrenaline infusion (0.5 μg·kg−1·min−1), and bilateral vagal stimulation (4 ms pulses, 20 Hz, and current strength to induce asystole or complete atrioventricular block). Atrioventricular nodal conduction (AH interval) and spontaneous sinus cycle length were also determined in group 3 dogs. Ansae subclaviae stimulation and noradrenaline infusion shortened effective refractory period significantly at each left ventricular test site. The amount of effective refractory period shortening induced by ansae subclaviae stimulation did not differ among the test sites except for the posterior left ventricle in group 1 dogs. Responses of effective refractory period to infused noradrenaline were not different among the test sites. Vagally induced effective refractory period lengthening during constant noradrenaline infusion was eliminated in the left lateral and posterior ventricle in group 1 and 2 dogs and in the left posterior ventricle and posterior paraseptal region in group 3 dogs. Choline acetyltransferase activity was significantly reduced in the lateral left ventricle of group 1 dogs. In four of six group 3 dogs vagal effects on the atrioventricular node but not on the sinus node were also interrupted. Sympathetic effects on the atrioventricular node were not interrupted in any dogs. It is concluded that, when applied to a canine model, the extracardiac surgical approach to interrupt accessory pathways also interrupts efferent vagal fibres innervating the left ventricle and atrioventricular node but not efferent sympathetic fibres.
Griseofulvin and Filariasis
Authors: O. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MCLJORAmeal was booked and she was discharged on June 23.She was readmitted on June 29 as the epigastric pain had continued and become more severe.She had vomited once.She was apyrexial and there was only moderate epigastric tenderness without signs of peri- tonitis.Over the next 48 hours, however, her pulse rate rose and she developed signs of a generalized peritonitis.At laparotomy on July I she was found to have gangrene of the middle 3 ft. of the small bowel and gross oedema of the mesentery due to thrombosis of the mesenteric veins.Good pulsation was felt in the mesenteric arteries.The infarcted bowel was resected.Intravenous heparin 10,000 units six- hourly and tetracycline were commenced im- mediately post-operatively.The heparin was discontinued on July 15 because the patient had three melaena stools.She made a good recovery and was discharged on August 10.Two months later she was symptom free, having one bowel action a day, and had maintained her weight.This case seems worth reporting be- cause it illustrates:(1) The duration of symptoms before infarction of the bowel occurs--in this case four weeks.(2) That with timely resection of in- farcted bowel and immediate post- operative anticoagulant therapy survival is possible.(3) That the condition may begin in the later weeks of pregnancy, and may in this case have contributed to the intra- uterine death.We are grateful to
Acute Intramural Hematoma of the Aorta as a Cause of Positive FDG PET/CT
Authors: Alex Ryan, Barry McCook, Beatta Sholosh, Daniel A. Pryma, Eric Jablonowski, Carl Fuhrman, Todd M. Blodgett
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Type A acute intramural hematoma (IMH) of the ascending aorta is defined as hemorrhage in the aortic wall in the absence of intimal disruption. Proximity to the adventitia may explain the higher incidence of rupture in IMH. We present a case of IMH, diagnosed by the presence of linear intense uptake of FDG on PET/CT, in a 70-year-old woman undergoing staging for colorectal cancer. There is no current role for FDG-PET in the diagnosis of IMH. This case demonstrates that incidental focal FDG activity in the wall of the aorta may indicate the life-threatening diagnosis of IMH.
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in essential hypertension: effects of changes in dietary sodium.
Authors: G A Sagnella, N D Markandu, M G Buckley, D R Singer, A L Sugden, A C Shore, G A MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in essential hypertension: effects of changes in dietary sodium Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptides are raised in a substantial proportion of patients with essential hypertension,' but the relevance of these raised values, particularly in relation to changes in sodium intake and blood pressure, is not known.We have therefore studied the effect of changes in dietary sodium intake on plasma atrial peptides and on blood pressure in patients with untreated essential hypertension.peptide: its relationship to changes in sodium intake, plasma renin activity and aldosterone in man.ClinSci 1987;72:25-30. 3 Cappuccio FC, Markandu ND, Sagnella GA, MacGregor GA.Sodium restriction lowers high blood pressure through a decreased response of the renin system-direct evidence using saralasin.
Psychiatric morbidity among spouses of patients with stroke.
Authors: T C Carnwath, D A Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The medium term psychiatric morbidity of spouses of patients with stroke was evaluated one to three years after the event. Compared with a control group the spouses were more likely to be depressed (p less than 0.005) and had more physical symptoms (p less than 0.01). Depression increased with the severity of the stroke in the spouse (p less than 0.05) and with time during the three years. Regular contact with friends and neighbours protected spouses (p less than 0.005). Depressed spouses were more likely to be taking tranquillisers than non-depressed spouses (p less than 0.0001) but no more likely to be taking antidepressants. Social rehabilitation after stroke was less successful when the spouse was depressed. Proper attention paid to spouses of patients with stroke might improve the prospects of these patients.
Mast cells express IL‐13R<i>α</i>1: IL‐13 promotes human lung mast cell proliferation and Fc<i>ɛ</i>RI expression
Authors: D. Kaur, F. Hollins, L. Woodman, W. Yang, P. Monk, R. May, P. Bradding, C. E. Brightling
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: The Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)‐13 is implicated in the development of various allergic diseases including asthma. The IL‐13 receptor, IL‐13R α 1, is expressed on most leukocytes, except T‐cells. Evidence to support IL‐13R α 1 expression on mast cells is limited. Methods: We investigated: (i) IL‐13R α 1 expression by human lung mast cells (HLMC); (ii) the number of IL‐13R α 1+ bronchial submucosal mast cells in subjects with asthma and normal controls and (iii) the effect of IL‐13 priming on HLMC expression of high‐affinity IgE receptor (Fc ɛ RI), stem cell factor receptor (CD117), histamine release, proliferation, and survival. Results: Human lung mast cell expressed IL‐13R α 1 mRNA. IL‐13R α 1 was highly expressed on the surface HLMC (82 ± 9%). Bronchial submucosal mast cell IL‐13R α 1 expression was higher in asthmatics (86 ± 2%) than normal controls (78 ± 2%; P = 0.015). IL‐13 priming for 30 min did not increase HLMC histamine release, in the presence or absence of SCF or in response to IgE/anti‐IgE activation. IL‐13 priming for 5 days upregulated HLMC Fc ɛ RI expression (22% increase in fluorescent intensity; P = 0.003), increased histamine release following IgE/anti‐IgE activation by 56% ( P = 0.03) and increased proliferation by 50% ( P = 0.003) without affecting cell survival or CD117 expression. The IL‐13 specific neutralizing antibody CAT‐354 inhibited all IL‐13 mediated effects. Conclusion: Human lung mast cell express IL‐13R α 1 and activation by IL‐13 for 5 days increased Fc ɛ RI expression and proliferation. Histamine release was not affected by short‐term priming with IL‐13, but was upregulated by priming for 5 days suggesting that this effect was mediated by the increased Fc ɛ RI expression. These data support the view that targeting IL‐13 may be beneficial in the treatment of asthma.
923 CD 163, A CANDIDATE CIRCULATING BIOMARKER FOR EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ON CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE AND CAN PREDICT HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Authors: J.S. Maras, H.H.C. Gawda, V. Garg, N.T. Pati, A. Khanam, S. Baweja, A. Pandey, S.K. Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)