tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Vitrectomy and Endolaser Photocoagulation in Patients with Type I ]Diabetes with Severe Vitreous Hemorrhage
Authors: Nauman A. Chaudhry, Edward S. Lim, Yoshihiro Saito, William F. Mieler, Peter E. Liggett
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)

Purpose: To determine if adjunctive endolaser photocoagulation has further improved the outcome of early vitrectomy for severe vitreous hemorrhage in young patients with type I insulin-dependent diabetes.Method: The authors reviewed clinical records and fundus photographs of all primary diabetic vitrectomies performed at the Yale Eye Center between July 1986 and June 1993.Only young patients with type I diabetes who underwent vitrectomy within 6 months of vitreous hemorrhage were included.Results: Of 197 vitrectomies for diabetic retinopathy, 12 eyes of ten patients met the Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study Group criteria.Patients ranged in age from 24 to 29 years (mean, 27.3 years) and had 11 to 21 years (mean, 17.2 years) of history of diabetes.Preoperative visual acuity was 5/200 in seven eyes, 2/200 in three eyes, hand motions in one eye, and light perception in one eye.The duration of vitreous hemorrhage was approximately 1 month in two eyes, 1 to 3 months in five eyes, and 3 to 6 months in five eyes.Neovascularization was documented in 12/12 eyes.Preoperatively, all patients had received panretinal photocoagulation with 1937 to 5328 burns (mean, 4126).Postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 38 months (mean, 24.6 months).Best-corrected postoperative visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 7 eyes (58.33%) and 20/70 or better in 11 eyes (91.66%).Neovascularization involuted in 11/ 12 eyes and remained so till the last follow-up. Conclusion:Patients with type I diabetes with severe vitreous hemorrhage benefit from early endolaser photocoagulation combined with current vitrectomy techniques.The authors' findings are consistent with those of the Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study Group, and patients can expect both improved visual acuity and anatomic success.
Banning "below cost" alcohol will have little effect on consumption, say researchers
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Attempts to reduce alcohol misuse in England and Wales by banning sales of “below cost” drinks will have limited effect, concludes research carried out at the University of Newcastle.

The study, believed to be the first in the United Kingdom to examine the effect of discounts on alcohol prices, found that only 2% of drinks in price promotions sold for less than the tax paid on them, estimated at around 21p (€0.25; $0.33) to 28p per unit, and would therefore be banned. However, if instead a minimum price of 50p per unit of alcohol was set, more than a …
Physical activity interventions in the workplace: the rationale and future direction for workplace wellness
Authors: M E Batt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

The developing and developed worlds are both facing an obesity epidemic with their workers getting bigger, or to be more specific, fatter. As demonstrated elsewhere in this issue, the individual and societal health and economic costs of obesity and physical inactivity are enormous. There is thus a need for regional, national and global action to combat the issues, with programmes broadly divisible into children and adolescents, the workforce, active aging, healthy aging and a broad cross-cutting agenda that focuses on the built environment.
Cross talk between peptide growth factor and estrogen receptor signaling systems.
Authors: D M Ignar-Trowbridge, M Pimentel, C T Teng, K S Korach, J A McLachlan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Epidermal growth factor reproduces many of the effects of estrogen on the murine female reproductive tract and may partially mediate estrogen-induced growth and differentiation. The mechanism by which the actions of estrogens and epidermal growth factor (EGF) converge is unknown. The studies described herein were performed to investigate the possibility that some of the actions of EGF may be mediated through the estrogen receptor. A specific estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist inhibited estrogenlike effects of EGF in the mouse uterus, specifically induction of DNA synthesis and phosphatidylinositol turnover. In addition, EGF elicited enhanced nuclear localization of uterine ER and formation of a unique nuclear form of ER that is present after estrogen treatment. These in vivo observations indicated that EGF may elicit some of its actions by activation of nuclear ER. Thus, the effect of peptide growth factors on activation of a consensus estrogen response element was assessed in Ishikawa human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells, which contain negligible ER levels, and in BG-1 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells, which contain abundant ER. EGF and TGF alpha induced transcriptional activation of a consensus estrogen response element (ERE) in an ER-dependent manner in both cell types. In addition, insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) was as potent as 17 beta-estradiol in BG-1 cells. Synergism between growth factors and estrogen was observed in both cell types, although synergism was not observed between the different classes of growth factors [i.e., transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) and IGF-I] in BG-1 cells. The most potent activator of ERE-dependent transcription was a protein kinase C activator (TPA), which acted synergistically with 17 beta-estradiol. A protein kinase C inhibitor abolished the effect of TPA but not that of 17 beta-estradiol, IGF-I, or TGF alpha. A protein kinase A activator elicited ER-dependent activation of transcription and did not synergize with estrogen or growth factors. In conclusion, some physiologic actions of peptide growth factors are dependent on ER. Indeed, growth factors are capable of eliciting ER-dependent activation of an ERE. Both the protein kinase A and protein kinase C pathways can elicit ER-dependent transcriptional activation; however, it is unlikely that these pathways mediate the effects of peptide growth factors on the ER in BG-1 cells.
Mediastinoscopy in a Community Hospital
Authors: W. H. Hardesty, J. F. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Mediastinoscopy is being used as a diagnostic tool with increasing frequency in this country. In the absence of peripheral nodes, it is a more rewarding procedure than scalene node biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Mediastinoscopy is a better method of detecting lymphatic extension of bronchogenic carcinoma than scalene node biopsy. This technique is useful in the determination of the operability of lung carcinoma. The procedure is usually accomplished with minimal complications.
Abstract 5475: Dynamin inhibition: A new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Sanket Joshi, Swetha Gaddipatti, Jayne Gilbert, Charlotte M. Smith, Christopher P. Gordon, Jennette Sakoff, Adam McCluskey, Phillip J. Robinson, Antony W. Braithwaite, Megan Chircop
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division and involves ingression of the plasma membrane between segregating chromosomes followed by membrane abscission, resulting in the production of two daughter cells. Abscission involves the formation of a central γ-tubulin midbody ring within the intracellular bridge prior to final separation. The endocytic protein dynamin II (dynII) is required for this abscission step. We propose that dynII inhibition represents a new pharmacological intervention for the treatment of cancer via the induction of cytokinesis failure. Our pilot data in Hela cells shows that inhibition of dynII with myristyl trimethylammonium bromide (MiTMAB)(IC50 = 3.1 ± 0.2uM) and octadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (OcTMAB)(IC50 = 1.9 ± 0.2uM) induces cytokinesis failure. Using immunoflourescence, cell cycle analysis and live cell imaging we have shown that cells exposed to these compounds progress through mitosis with normal timing and complete furrow ingression successfully. However, abscission fails causing the membrane to regress generating binucleated cells. These cells initially accumulate in the G2+M phase of the cell cycle but ultimately undergo apoptotic cell death. In further support of our findings we have shown Chlorpromazine, a registered anti-psychotic known to induce cytokinesis failure, to also inhibit dynII (IC50 = 1.3 ± 0.4uM). Using the MTT growth inhibition assay in a panel of 9 cancer cell lines we have shown MiTMAB, OcTMAB and Chlorpromazine to be potent inhibitors of cell growth (IC50 = 0.6 - 3.9uM, 0.5 - 3.5 uM, and 13 - 32uM, respectively). Multinucleation and cytokinesis failure was also induced in Hela cells depleted of dynII using small interfering RNA (siRNA). These findings highlight dynamin II inhibition as a novel therapy for the treatment of cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5475.
Consultants support new merit award scheme
Authors: D. Carnall, L. Beecham, a. J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The new proposals for restructuring C merit awards and replacing them with five discretionary points above the top of the consultant scale were warmly supported by consultants at their annual conference. With this endorsement they now go to the Central Consultants and Specialists Committee this week (after we have gone to press) for final approval.

In outlining the proposals Dr Peter Hawker, chairman of the CCSC's negotiating subcommittee, explained that the government had made it clear at the time that it published the Kendell report on merit awards that 1995 was the last year in which C awards would be made. The issue had then become …
AN EFFECT OF RESEARCH TRAINING IN THE STUDY OF PSYCHIATRIC DRUG TREATMENT
Authors: RICHARD M. DUNHAM, KAY HOWARD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Psychiatric journals for fiscal years 1957 and 1960 were surveyed for articles reporting research on the therapeutic value of tranquilizing and energizing drugs. Data concerning the adequacy of reporting and of methodology were collected. There were 36% more articles in 1960 than in 1957. In an initial analysis it was found that most of the articles in both years and that virtually all of the increase fell at the lower levels of methodological adequacy. In a subsequent analysis it was found that, in general, the increase constituted the contribution of physicians in private practice, medical schools and state hospitals, working without the collaboration of persons trained in the conduct of scientific research. Articles in which such persons had collaborated were found to contain most of the methodological features commonly considered desirable in this research area. The findings were interpreted as supporting the use of interdisciplinary teams in chemotherapy research in psychiatry.
Controlled trial of maintenance cimetidine treatment in healed duodenal ulcer: short and long-term effects.
Authors: M W Dronfield, A J Batchelor, W Larkworthy, M J Langman
Journal: Gut (1979)

Forty-two patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer were studied in a double-blind trial after their ulcers had been healed with cimetidine. Cimetidine was effective in preventing relapse, only five of the 20 patients allocated to cimetidine 400 mg twice daily relapsing during the six months' treatment, compared with 16 of the 22 on placebo treatment (P less than 0.01). Cimetidine was safe in the dosage and duration used, no symptomatic, haematological, or biochemical abnormalities occurring during the trial. Subsequent follow-up at the end of the trial when treatment had been stopped showed that relapse was frequent, particularly in the cimetidine group, making the cumulative relapse rate eight months after completion of the trial similar in the two groups (75% in the cimetidine group, 86% in the placebo group). It seems likely that maintenance cimetidine treatment has to be continued indefinitely in patients with duodenal ulcer, and, until such treatment is shown to be safe and effective, surgical treatment remains a logical option for many patients.
THE SOUTH LONDON HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN
Authors: E. Castlereagh
Journal: BMJ (1914)

This hospital has been established for the treat- ment of women by women physicians and surgeons, its objects being defined by the trust deed-as " To afford to poor women and women of small means the opportunity of obtaining medical and surgical treatment by qualified women, and to promote the medical education of women, as also to educate and train medical students and nurses in all professional duties."The new buildings, which were opened by Her Majesty the Queen on Tuesday last, are entirely devoted .toin-patients, the present out-patient department being situated in Newington Cause- way, S.E.
Abstract P6-08-14: TRPS-1, a New GATA Family Transcription Factor, Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Maintains an Estrogen Responsive, Claudin-Positive Phenotype in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Y Bao, JQ Chen, Y Wu, X-H Leng, E Wang, F Marincola, LG. Radvanyi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We recently reported that TRPS-1 (Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome-1), a new GATA family transcription factor, is a ductal epithelial cell-specific gene expressed in normal breast and over-expressed in the majority of human breast cancer (BC), especially in ER+ BC. We also found that TRPS-1 is a marker for better prognosis when expressed over a critical threshold level using a new quantitative IHC method applied to over 150 primary BC cases of all subtypes. Here, we studied the molecular function of TRPS-1 using a lentiviral shRNA knockdown approach in an ER+ ductal epithelial BC cell line (T47D; luminal B type) normally expressing high levels of TRPS-1. Strikingly, knockdown of TRPS-1 in T47D cells resulted in a complete loss of epithelial markers, including E-cadherin and CK8/18 protein together with the loss of ER and a host of ER-associated genes, such as GATA-3 and FOXA1. In contrast, N-cadherin, vimentin, slug, and other genes associated with a mesenchymal phenotype were induced. Gene expression profiling using microarray found a number of additional differentially expressed genes following TRPS-1 knockdown, including a large decrease in the Prolactin receptor (PRLR), Claudin-1 and 6, EpCAM, PGR, and CD24, while AKT3 and MET (HGF-R) were increased. The Claudin-1 and PRLR gene were down-modulated 149-fold and 167-fold, respectively. This was verified at the protein level, with a total loss of cell surface Claudin-1 and PRLR expression in the TRPS-1 knockdown cells. Overall, the gene expression profile of TRPS-1 knockdown T47D cells resembled the recently described “Claudin-low” BC subset. TRPS-1 knockdown also had dramatic functional consequences, with the cells acquiring a mesenchymal, spindle-like morphology and high resistance to growth arrest and apoptosis under conditions of serum and estrogen deprivation. Moreover, these cells formed aggressive tumors in nude mice in an estrogen-independent manner after orthotopic injection into mammary fat pads, while control cells produced only small non-palpable tumors. In addition, transient induction of TRPS-1 expression in ER/TRPS-1-negative MDA-MB-231 cells led to a significant expression of ER together with other ER-associated genes. Our data suggests that TRPS-1 is a critical new GATA family transcription factor in the mammary gland that is at the hub of a cell lineage-determination pathway regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In BC it may function in maintaining a more highly differentiated and less aggressive Claudin-positive ductal epithelial phenotype. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-14.
Neurobehavioral Effects of Phenytoin Prophylaxis of Posttraumatic Seizures
Authors: Sureyya S. Dikmen
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In order to determine potential negative neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin given to prevent the development of posttraumatic seizures, 244 subjects were randomized to phenytoin or placebo. They received neurobehavioral assessments at 1 and 12 months postinjury while receiving their assigned drug and at 24 months while receiving no drugs. In the severely injured, phenytoin significantly impaired performance at 1 month. No significant differences were found as a function of phenytoin in the moderately injured patients at 1 month or in either severity group at 1 year. Patients who stopped receiving phenytoin according to protocol between 1 and 2 years improved more than corresponding placebo cases on several measures. We conclude that phenytoin has negative cognitive effects. This, combined with lack of evidence for its effectiveness in preventing posttraumatic seizures beyond the first week, raises questions regarding its use for long-term prophylaxis. Our findings do not negate phenytoin's proven efficacy in controlling established seizures nor do they indicate that its cognitive effects are worse than other anticonvulsant drugs.
Hepatitis B virus–induced lipid alterations contribute to natural killer T cell–dependent protective immunity
Authors: Sebastian Zeissig, Kazumoto Murata, Lindsay Sweet, Jean Publicover, Zongyi Hu, Arthur Kaser, Esther Bosse, Jahangir Iqbal, M Mahmood Hussain, Katharina Balschun, Christoph Röcken, Alexander Arlt, Rainer Günther, Jochen Hampe, Stefan Schreiber, Jody L Baron, D Branch Moody, T Jake Liang, Richard S Blumberg
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
SERIOUS ABDOMINAL CONTUSIONS: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.Read at the Annual Meeting of the New York State Medical Association, Oct. 11, 1894.
Authors: THOMAS H. MANLEY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

1. The abdominal cavity, through its exposed position, is not infrequently the seat of serious injury. 2. Posteriorly, superiorly and laterally it is powerfully supported by the osseous walls of the vertebral column, the spine and<i>088a iliarum</i>; besides, it derives the powerful auxiliary support of its muscular walls. 3. The abdomen, because of the physical position and function of its anatomic structures is better able to sustain and resist either concussive, percussive or compressive violence than either the cranium or thorax; and hence, of the great cavities, most often escapes the consequences of serious trauma. 4. The gaseous elements which predominate in volume, impart a buoyancy and tympanitic quality to the abdomen, well calculated to neutralize and diffuse the impact of concentrated force. 5. Experimentation on the lower animals and clinical observation with autopsies quite conclusively demonstrate that percussive force,<i>per se</i>, is never a cause of vascular or intestinal
POSTOPERATIVE DECOMPRESSION OF THE STOMACH AND JEJUNUM BY GASTROSTOMY
Authors: R. K. Gilchrist
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The value of decompression of the stomach and small bowel by means of nasal tubes passed into these organs has been proved in the treatment of paralytic ileus and the various types of peritonitis. Stricture of the esophagus is seen occasionally when nasal tubes have been kept in place for several days. A commoner complication is seen in persons who have bronchiectasis, chronic rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection, or a poor cardiac reserve. With the use of a nasal tube in such patients, postoperative collapse of the lung or bronchopneumonia is a constant danger. Aged and debilitated patients may have a poor cough reflex, and, following laparotomy, it is often necessary to remove the nasal tube to give the patient a much needed rest and to keep the airways clear of mucus. When performing a laparotomy in such patients, I have used the following maneuver with great success (see the
On a New Rhinoplastic Operation
Authors: J. Hardie
Journal: BMJ (1875)

THE BRiTISH MEDICAL 7OVRNAL.393 the effects of cold packing, and, as soon as preparations could be made, sheets wrung out of iced water were wrapped roundl the body, and renewed as soon as they became warm.At 1.15 P'.m., after one wet pack, tlle temperature in the rectum wvas io6 .2degS.; at 1.20 P.M,\., I05.4 degs.; at 1.30 1'.M ., 105 degs.The circulation had, how- ever, become very miiuclh morie feeble, anid the respiration somewlhat gasping; he was, therefore, removed fiom the pack, and placed be- tween blankets.2.30 P.M\.Temperatuire 102 dlegs. in axilla.Respira- tions 57.2.40 P.'m.Respirlatiolls 48.The right conjun-ictiva wsas de- cidedly more sensitive to touch than at any time previously.The patieilt contracted the forehead, auid turnedI away the hlead wheni it wvas touched; the left conjuictiva wi-asscarcely at all sensitive.5.10 P.m.Temperature 103.9 dlegs.Respiriatioiis 6. Pulse i8o at least.The pupils acted very vigorously ; botlh conjunctivze were sensitive, especially tlle right.He w%vas fed again with beef-tea, milk and gin.I0. 15 P.M. lempera- ture 105.5 degs.Respirations 58.Pulse i8o.The ptupils acted very sluggishly ; the conjunctivre -vere quite insensible to touch.Six ounces of urine were withdrawn.10.45 P.\It.Ile was fed by miieans of the stomach-pump.April 29th ,3.50 A.AM. Respirations 52.Temperature I06.7 (legs. in the axilla.Puilse imiperceptible.The pupils werei-dilated aud insensible.He died at 4. 30 A. M. having lived sixty-eighlt hours after he was found.
Apolipoprotein A-I and B Levels and the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease During a Five-Year Follow-up of Men in the Que´bec Cardiovascular Study
Authors: Benoiˆt Lamarche, Sital Moorjani, Paul J. Lupien, Bernard Cantin, Paul-Marie Bernard, Gilles R. Dagenais, Jean-Pierre Despre´s
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Results obtained largely from case-control studies have suggested that an elevated plasma concentration of apolipoprotein (apo) B may be considered an important risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Prospective data on the relevance of measuring apo A-I and apo B levels in the assessment of IHD risk, however, remain sparse as well as controversial. Methods and Results Plasma lipid, apo B, and apo A-I levels as well as other risk factors were evaluated at baseline in 1985 in a sample of 2155 men (45 to 76 years old) who were followed for a period of 5 years for clinical signs of IHD. Proportional-hazards analyses indicated that plasma apo B concentrations measured at entry were strongly associated with onset of IHD (relative rate, 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 1.7), independent of covariables such as age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and systolic blood pressure. Controlling for triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and total/HDL cholesterol ratio did not eliminate the relationship between plasma apo B levels and IHD. The association between apo A-I and IHD was of lower magnitude (relative rate, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.0), and adjustment for selected plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels eliminated this association. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that, among metabolic variables, apo B was the strongest correlate of IHD. Conclusions These prospective results emphasize the importance of apo B as a risk factor for IHD. Apo B may be regarded as a relevant tool in the assessment of IHD risk in men, because it may provide information that would not be obtained from the conventional lipid-lipoprotein profile.
Multiple Colorectal Adenomas — Is Their Number Up?
Authors: Giancarlo Marra, Josef Jiricny
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In this issue of the Journal, Sieber et al.1 report that up to 30 percent of cases of multiple colorectal adenomas (15 to 100 adenomas) might be linked to biallelic mutations in the MYH gene. What are the implications of this finding for the diagnosis and management of this disease?Isolated adenomatous polyps are found in the colon in many persons, especially after 50 years of age. Since 5 to 10 percent of these lesions undergo malignant transformation over the course of several years, the endoscopist will reduce the risk of cancer by removing them. In the rare instances in . . .