tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypophysis and Blood Pressure
Authors: BERNARDO A. HOUSSAY
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1936)

Oliver and Schafer113 discovered that pituitary extracts raised the blood pressure; Howell78 showed that this action was due to the posterior lobe; and in 1928 Kamm85 and his collaborators separated the vasopressor and the oxytocic principles.*.It came to be believed early that the pituitary played an important part in the regulation of the arterial pressure.105Azam10 and Delille,44 a pupil of Renon, at- tributed the lowered blood pressure, accelerated pulse, etc., of acute infections to an insufficiency of the pituitary, since treatment with the ex- tract corrected these symptoms.Renon even postulated a syndrome of hyperpituitarism with hypertension and bradycardia.But in spite of many theories there were few facts to support them, and in 1932 Dale41 concluded that it was not possible to say what part the vasopressor principle in the posterior lobe played in the maintenance of normal blood pressure.Nevertheless numerous experimental and clinical ob- servations indicate that there may be a rela- tion between the pituitary and the blood pres- sure level.We will describe and discuss these observations in this paper. ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN EXPERIMENTAL PITUITARY INSUFFICIENCYAmphibians.-The toad's pituitary contains substances which raise the blood pressure of the dog,"-76 the cat61 and the toad.114The neuro-intermediate lobe is more active than the principal lobe in this respect.114The vascular system of the batrachians is sensitive to the vasopressor substance in the mammalian pituitaryi, i4,55,74,93,113,114,118, etc. but Hogben and Schlapp09 had to use such large quantities to produce effects, that it was not possible to con- sider them physiological.A few hours after complete extirpation of the pituitary in the toad the capillaries and arterioles of the skin become dilated.9'94Injection or perfusion of pituitrin, even in doses of 1:1,000,000 re-establishes the capillary tone and larger doses produce a contraction of the arteri- oles as well.From these facts Krogh93 de- duced that the pituitary, by means of a hor- mone, had a continuous action on the tone of the capillaries.
The Tucson Zoo
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Science gets most of its information by the process of reductionism, exploring the details, then the details of the details, until all the smallest bits of the structure, or the smallest parts of the mechanism, are laid out for counting and scrutiny. Only when this is done can the investigation be extended to encompass the whole organism or the entire system. So we say.Sometimes it seems that we take a loss, working this way. Much of today's public anxiety about science is the apprehension that we may forever be overlooking the whole by an endless, obsessive preoccupation with the . . .
First-phase insulin response to glucose in nonobeser or obese subjects with glucose intolerance: Analysis by C-peptide secretion rate
Authors: Azuma Kanatsuka, Hideichi Makino, Masaya Sakurada, Naotake Hashimoto, Hideaki Iwaoka, Takahide Yamaguchi, Masahito Taira, Sho Yoshida, Akio Yoshida
Journal: Metabolism (1988)
PUVA-treatment in lymphomatoid papulosis
Authors: G. LANGE WANTZIN, K. THOMSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

The effect of PUVA‐treatment was studied in five patients with lymphomatoid papulosis of 1–13 years duration. One patient with a 1‐year history went into complete remission, while the other four patients had partial remissions. PUVA‐treatment may prove useful in controlling this disease and it may also inhibit the development of malignancy.
E.C.G. changes in amitriptyline poisoning.
Authors: W. M. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

progesterone combinations.But so far as the combined preparations are concerned, my find- ings fail to confirm her hypothesis that depression and loss of libido is dose-specific.With the seven different products in use in. the Croydon clinic from J]962 to 1967, the incidence varied from 12.4 to 23.8 % over an average of 21.9 cycles, compared with Dr. Grant's range of from 10 to 34% over an average of 14.9 cycles with the same preparations.For the strongly progestogenic tablets with ethinyl- oestradiol the incidence was 17.2% compared with Dr. Grant's 28%, and with mestranol 16.7% (Dr.Grant 17%), and for the inter- mediate combined tablets with ethinyloestradiol 23.8% (Dr.Grant 20%) and with mestranol 18.8% (Dr.Grant 16%).
An EORTC multicentre prospective survey of invasive aspergillosis in haematological patients: Diagnosis and therapeutic outcome
Authors: D.W. Denning, A. Marinus, J. Cohen, D. Spence, R. Herbrecht, L. Pagano, C. Kibbler, V. Kermery, F. Offner, C. Cordonnier, U. Jehn, M. Ellis, L. Collette, R. Sylvester
Journal: Journal of Infection (1998)
"NUXATED IRON" NOT ALWAYS "NUX"-LESS
Authors: E. O. Barker
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In looking overThe Journalof July 14, I find a little item about "Nuxated Iron" in which the statement is made that the nostrum contains very little iron and a negligible quantity of "nux." A few days ago I was called to see a boy about 2½ years old who had eaten thirty-two "Nuxated Iron" tablets. He died of strychnin poisoning about two hours after he had taken the tablets and before I reached him (the child lived 20 miles from my office and it was some time after he got the stuff that I was called). I hardly believe that the parents of this child could be convinced that the quantity of nux in those particular tablets was negligible. <h3>[Comment.</h3> —WhenThe Journal, in its recent item, stated that analysis had shown "Nuxated Iron" to contain a negligible amount of "nux," it was referring to
Identification of adverse reactions to new drugs. IV--Verification of suspected adverse reactions.
Authors: G R Venning
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The verification processes were assessed for 18 important adverse drug reactions. Verification when achieved by formal studies was not obtained through cohort studies such as postmarketing surveillance or other follow up of drug users but through case-control studies or a similar disease orientated approach. When not achieved in this way the most useful aspects of uncontrolled studies were rechallenge and dose-response data. Analysis of the data and of the characteristics of different methods of verification suggested that there were four approaches to earlier discovery. (1) The best system seemed to be some form of record linkage, capable of providing at the same time data on incidence of adverse reactions and on prevalence of drug usage in patients with disease suspected of being drug induced. Until such a system can be established the relative efficacy of alternative approaches appears to be (2) review of all published first alerts, with prompt initiation of case-control or disease orientated studies for verification, (3) postmarketing surveillance of cohorts of drug users, and (4) voluntary reporting systems.
An unusual CT
Authors: S Baydar
Journal: Gut (2005)

Objectives: The recently cloned epidermal growth factor receptor related protein (ERRP) has been proposed to be a negative regulator of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).Because of the causal involvement of EGFR and its ligands in gastric cancer growth, we investigated expression of ERRP and cell proliferation in human gastric cancer.Methods: We examined ERRP expression and localisation in surgical specimens of gastric cancers from 47 patients versus non-malignant gastric mucosa and determined their relationship to cell proliferation and differentiation.We also examined expression of ERRP by western blotting in three different gastric cancer cell lines.To further determine the functional properties of ERRP, we examined the effect of ERRP on epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced EGFR phosphorylation essential for its activation in MKN-28 gastric cancer cells.Results: ERRP expression was dramatically reduced in gastric cancers (34% of all specimens positive) compared with non-malignant gastric mucosa (66% of specimens positive).Expression of ERRP in cancer cells inversely correlated with cell proliferation and grade of malignancy.Cell lines derived from metastatic gastric cancers had reduced ERRP expression compared with cell lines derived from a non-metastatic cancer.Exogenous ERRP protein markedly inhibited EGF induced EGFR phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells providing a novel molecular mechanism of its action.Conclusions: Our data indicate that downregulation of ERRP could play an important role in gastric cancer differentiation and progression.ERRP is a negative regulator of tumour cell proliferation and may exert its inhibitory effect, in part, by attenuating EGFR activation.
Aspirin and the Risk of Hodgkin's Lymphoma in a Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: E. T. Chang, T. Zheng, E. G. Weir, M. Borowitz, R. B. Mann, D. Spiegelman, N. E. Mueller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with decreased risk of several malignancies. NSAIDs may prevent cancer development by blocking the cyclooxygenase-catalyzed synthesis of proinflammatory prostaglandins. Aspirin may also protect against Hodgkin's lymphoma by inhibiting transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which is necessary for immune function and the survival of Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. We examined the association between regular analgesic use and the risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Methods: A population-based case–control study of 565 case patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 679 control subjects was conducted in the metropolitan area of Boston, Massachusetts, and in the state of Connecticut. Participants reported their average use of aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs, and acetaminophen over the previous 5 years. Regular analgesic use was defined as consumption of at least two tablets per week on average over the preceding 5 years; non-regular use was defined as consumption of fewer than two tablets per week. Results: The risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with regular aspirin use was statistically significantly lower (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42 to 0.85) than that associated with non-regular aspirin use. The risk was not associated with use of other non-aspirin NSAIDs (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.73 to 1.30). However, the risk associated with regular acetaminophen use was statistically significantly higher (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.29 to 2.31) than that associated with non-regular use. Conclusion: The inverse association between aspirin, but not other NSAIDs, and Hodgkin's lymphoma suggests that NF-κB signaling may play a key role in Hodgkin's lymphoma pathogenesis.
Canada's teenagers less likely to smoke now than in 1999
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Smoking among Canadians aged 15-19 years dropped from 28% in 1999 to 18% in 2003. But smoking among young adults aged 20-24 remained at 30%—the highest for any group of young people, and this group is the major target for tobacco advertising.

These are findings of the Canadian tobacco use monitoring survey, conducted by the federal health department. Its primary objective is to track change annually in smoking status and amount smoked, especially in 15-24 year olds, who are most at risk for taking up smoking. The survey, which began in …
Sternotomy Approach for the Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt
Authors: Jonah Odim, Michael Portzky, David Zurakowski, Gil Wernovsky, Redmond P. Burke, John E. Mayer, Aldo R. Castaneda, Richard A. Jonas
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Since 1990, sternotomy has been the preferred approach for construction of a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) at Children’s Hospital, Boston, Mass. In retrospect, we sought to test the hypothesis that this approach yields less mortality and morbidity than the traditional thoracotomy approach. Methods and Results One hundred four primary MBTSs with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts were constructed in patients from January 1988 through December 1992. Fifty-two shunts were constructed by thoracotomy approach and 52 by sternotomy approach. Fifteen of the thoracotomy patients were less than one month of age (8 less than 7 days), while 36 of the sternotomy patients were less than 1 month of age (20 less than 7 days). There were 10 shunt failures and 3 hospital deaths in the thoractomy group and 4 shunt failures with 6 hospital deaths in the sternotomy group. The overall hospital mortality rate for the group was 8.7% (9 of 104). The operative route was not a significant predictor of hospital mortality ( P =.30). However, there was a significant difference between the two operative approaches in shunt failure, with shunts that were created by thoracotomy four times more likely to fail than those created by the sternotomy route (odds ratio, OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.01 to 15.03; P =.049). The side of the shunt was also a significant predictor of failure with left-side MBTSs four times more prone to failure (OR, 4.02; 95% CI, 1.19 to 15.25; P =.025). Conclusions The sternotomy route is technically less challenging and is associated with fewer shunt failures than the classic thoracotomy approach. The potential theoretical disadvantages of this method for future sternal reentry for subsequent procedures was not apparent but requires prospective analysis.
Black women in US have lower survival rates from breast cancer than white women
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We previously reported that <i>in vivo</i> cimetidine inhibits hepatic microsomal enzyme activities mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C11 and at least one other CYP enzyme but does not inhibit CYP2A1-, CYP2B- or CYP3A-mediated activities in adult male rats. To investigate the effects of <i>in vivo</i> cimetidine on CYP1A1, cimetidine (150 mg/kg i.p.) or saline was administered to β-naphthoflavone-induced (40 mg/kg i.p. once daily for 3 consecutive days) or uninduced adult male Wistar rats, and hepatic microsomes were prepared 90 min after the cimetidine injection. Cimetidine had no effect on either methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (MROD) or ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (EROD) activity in microsomes from β-naphthoflavone-induced rats. In these same microsomes, polyclonal anti-CYP1A1 IgG inhibited both MROD and EROD activities by &gt;90%, whereas monoclonal anti-CYP1A1 IgG inhibited MROD and EROD activities by 60% and 80%, respectively. In contrast, cimetidine inhibited MROD and EROD activities in microsomes from uninduced rats by 50% and 65%, respectively (P &lt; .05). Immunoinhibition studies with polyspecific and monospecific anti-CYP2C11 IgG indicated that MROD and EROD activities are mediated by a CYP2C enzyme or enzymes other than CYP2C11 in these microsomes. To investigate the possibility that the drug affected EROD activity in uninduced rats by inhibiting CYP2C6, cimetidine was administered as described to rats that had been pretreated with phenobarbital (80 mg/kg i.p once daily for 4 consecutive days). In hepatic microsomes from these rats, cimetidine inhibited progesterone 21-hydroxylase activity (mediated by CYP2C6) by 62% and progesterone 2α-hydroxylase activity (mediated by CYP2C11) by 39% but had no effect on progesterone 6β-hydroxylase activity (mediated by CYP3A). Taken together, the results indicate that<i>in vivo</i> cimetidine has no effect on CYP1A1 but inhibits CYP2C6 in addition to CYP2C11. Preincubation of microsomes from uninduced rats with cimetidine and NADPH <i>in vitro</i>increased the potency of inhibition of EROD activity by 20-fold, suggesting that cimetidine inhibits CYP2C6, as it does CYP2C11: by forming a metabolite/intermediate complex.
Measures of early postoperative mortality: beyond hospital fatality rates
Authors: V Seagroatt, M Goldacre
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To quantify the short term risk of postoperative mortality in ways which take account of deaths after discharge and the background risks of death in patients who come to operation. <b>Design</b>: Analysis of linked abstracts of hospital admission records and death certificates for common operations. <b>Setting</b>: Six health districts in the Oxford region. <b>Subjects</b>: Records of 223 529 operations per formed in 1980-6. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: In hospital fatality rates, case fatality rates, and standardised mortality ratios at selected time periods during the year after operation and the ratio of early (&lt;30 days) to late (90-364 days after operation) fatality rates. <b>Results</b>: Fatality rates throughout the year after operations performed after emergency admissions were generally higher than those for similar operations performed after elective admissions and higher than expected from population rates. Examples were prostatectomy, hip arthroplasty, inguinal herniorrhaphy, and cholecystectomy. Common elective operations such as inguinal herniorrhaphy and cataract operations showed no early peak in mortality, but others did. These included transurethral prostatectomy (ratio of early to late mortality 2.0; 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.6), hysterectomy (3.2; 1.5 to 6.6), hip arthroplasty (3.8; 2.5 to 5.4), and cholecystectomy (6.9; 4.3 to 11.1). <b>Conclusions</b>: Temporal profiles of death rates in the year after operation show which operations have early peaks in mortality and which do not. Emergency and elective operations have very different profiles and should be analysed separately. For elective operations for conditions which pose no immediate threat to life the ratio of early to later fatality rates provides a measure of increase in mortality after operation while allowing for the background risk of death in the patient groups.
Recruitment and Activation of a Lipid Kinase by Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Is Essential for Integrity of the Membranous Replication Compartment
Authors: Simon Reiss, Ilka Rebhan, Perdita Backes, Ines Romero-Brey, Holger Erfle, Petr Matula, Lars Kaderali, Marion Poenisch, Hagen Blankenburg, Marie-Sophie Hiet, Thomas Longerich, Sarah Diehl, Fidel Ramirez, Tamas Balla, Karl Rohr, Artur Kaul, Sandra Bühler, Rainer Pepperkok, Thomas Lengauer, Mario Albrecht, Roland Eils, Peter Schirmacher, Volker Lohmann, Ralf Bartenschlager
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
TCT-332 Validation of Transapical Access Accuracy of Computed Tomographic Angiography-Fluoroscopy Fusion Guided Structural Heart Disease Interventions
Authors: Bryce Einhorn, Sonnit Sharma, Francisco Cuesta, Chad Kliger, Bart Carelsen, Vladimir Jelnin, Howard Cohen, Greg Fontana, Carlos Ruiz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Medical Patients' Reactions to Referring Physicians After Psychiatric Consultation
Authors: John J. Schwab
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In order to evaluate psychiatric consultation work with hospitalized medical patients, we have undertaken a series of comparative, controlled studies at the University of Florida Teaching Hospital. The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain medical inpatients' reactions to referring physicians as a result of the requests for psychiatric consultations. No comparable studies are found in the literature, although attitudes toward psychiatry have been studied by Brady and his coworkers,<sup>1-3</sup>Gynther,<sup>4</sup>Nunnally and Kittross,<sup>5</sup>and others<sup>6-9</sup>who found that more favorable attitudes were associated with higher sociocultural status and personal contacts with mental health professionals. Inconsistent results from these studies are attributed to the use of selected subjects by different investigators. However, these studies, with the exception of a paper by Backner and Kissinger<sup>10</sup>do not contain references to medical inpatients' attitudes toward psychiatry or to referring physicians. Many physicians tend to have a basic
Is Pulse Pressure a Predictor of New-Onset Diabetes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients?
Authors: Shinji Yasuno, Kenji Ueshima, Koji Oba, Akira Fujimoto, Masakazu Hirata, Toshio Ogihara, Takao Saruta, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Hypertensive patients have an increased risk of developing diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests a close relation between metabolic disturbance and increased arterial stiffness. Here, we examined the association between pulse pressure and the risk of new-onset diabetes in high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) trial examined the effects of candesartan and amlodipine on the incidence of cardiovascular events in 4,728 high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between pulse pressure at baseline and new-onset diabetes in 2,685 patients without diabetes at baseline (male 1,471; mean age 63.7 years; mean BMI 24.8 kg/m2) as a subanalysis of the CASE-J trial. RESULTS During 3.3 ± 0.8 years of follow-up, 97 patients (3.6%) developed diabetes. In multiple Cox regression analysis, pulse pressure was an independent predictor for new-onset diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD increase 1.44 [95% CI 1.15–1.79]) as were male sex, BMI, and additional use of diuretics, whereas age and heart rate were not. Plots of HRs for new-onset diabetes considering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) revealed that a higher pulse pressure with a lower DBP, indicating that the increased pulse pressure was largely due to increased arterial stiffness, was strongly associated with the risk of new-onset diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Pulse pressure is an independent predictor of new-onset diabetes in high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients. Increased arterial stiffness may be involved in the development of diabetes.
Thesaurosis Versus Sarcoidosis
Authors: G. W. H. Schepers
Journal: JAMA (1962)

DURING THE COURSE of a recent survey of the pathogenesis of Boeck's disease, inquiry was directed to inhaled environmental agents as a possible explanation for modifications of the chemical constitution of the lung attendant on pulmonary sarcoidosis. An analysis of the mineral content of the lung of 30 cases of sarcoidosis had brought to light the excessive presence of certain elements and a deficiency of others(table). Among the pulmonary granulomata which have been attributed to inhaled substances, those which have recently been described as representative of the new entity, thesaurosis, decisive morphologic resemblance to sarcoidotic lesions may be recognized. Thesaurosis has been ascribed to the pulmonary and lymph node deposition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and possibly even carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, or polyvinyl alcohol inhaled under Chemical Profile in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis, Spectrographic Analysis of Lung Ash (Average for 30 Cases) conditions of excessive exposure to certain brands of hair spray. The similarity between
Perceived noise in surgical wards and an intensive care area: an objective analysis.
Authors: S Bentley, F Murphy, H Dudley
Journal: BMJ (1977)

An investigation of noise levels in a hospital ward, a cubicle off the ward, and an intensive therapy unit (ITU) showed that the noise levels in all three areas were higher than internationally recommended levels at all times of day. Loud noises above 70 dB(A) were common in all areas but especially the ITU. The noise pollution levels reached annoying values during the day in the ward and cubicle and during both the day and the night in the ITU. Equipment and conversations among the staff were the main causes of noise in the ITU. These noisy environments are unlikely to help patients recover. Although measures designed to eliminate noisy surfaces will help, making staff aware of the noise they create and the effects it has may be much more effective in reducing noise pollution.