tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Mammalian Tribbles Homolog TRIB3, Glucose Homeostasis, and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Sabrina Prudente, Giorgio Sesti, Assunta Pandolfi, Francesco Andreozzi, Agostino Consoli, Vincenzo Trischitta
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2012)

Insulin signaling plays a physiological role in traditional insulin target tissues controlling glucose homeostasis as well as in pancreatic β-cells and in the endothelium. Insulin signaling abnormalities may, therefore, be pathogenic for insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, endothelial dysfunction, and eventually, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) is a 45-kDa pseudokinase binding to and inhibiting Akt, a key mediator of insulin signaling. Akt-mediated effects of TRIB3 in the liver, pancreatic β-cells, and skeletal muscle result in impaired glucose homeostasis. TRIB3 effects are also modulated by its direct interaction with other signaling molecules. In humans, TRIB3 overactivity, due to TRIB3 overexpression or to Q84R genetic polymorphism, with R84 being a gain-of-function variant, may be involved in shaping the risk of insulin resistance, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. TRIB3 overexpression has been observed in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreatic β-cells of individuals with insulin resistance and/or T2DM. The R84 variant has also proved to be associated with insulin resistance, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. TRIB3 direct effects on the endothelium might also play a role in increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, as indicated by studies on human endothelial cells carrying the R84 variant that are dysfunctional in terms of Akt activation, NO production, and other proatherogenic changes. In conclusion, studies on TRIB3 have unraveled new molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities. Additional investigations are needed to verify whether such acquired knowledge will be relevant for improving care delivery to patients with metabolic and cardiovascular alterations.
AN INSTRUMENT TO FACILITATE THE OPERATION FOR BUNIONS
Authors: C. F. Eikenbary
Journal: JAMA (1924)

For some years it has been my custom to do the so-called Mayo operation for bunions, and I have yet to see any bad results from the removal of the head of the bone. It was formerly my custom to cut off the head of the bone by means of bone forceps; but, during this procedure, it frequently happened that the cut end of the metatarsal was somewhat splintered, which occasionally resulted in a slight amount of new bone formation. Also, I found that it required considerable time to trim the bone into exactly the proper shape. For several years I have removed the head of the bone by means of the Gigli saw. This has been found entirely satisfactory. It leaves a smooth surface, very little reshaping of the end of the bone is necessary, and it saves a great deal of time in the operation. To facilitate the
Bicycle weight and commuting time: randomised trial
Authors: J. Groves
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective </b>To determine whether the author’s 20.9 lb (9.5 kg) carbon frame bicycle reduced commuting time compared with his 29.75 lb (13.5 kg) steel frame bicycle. <b>Design </b>Randomised trial. <b>Setting </b>Sheffield and Chesterfield, United Kingdom, between mid-January 2010 and mid-July 2010. <b>Participants </b>One consultant in anaesthesia and intensive care. <b>Main outcome measure </b>Total time to complete the 27 mile (43.5 kilometre) journey from Sheffield to Chesterfield Royal Hospital and back. <b>Results </b>The total distance travelled on the steel frame bicycle during the study period was 809 miles (1302 km) and on the carbon frame bicycle was 711 miles (1144 km). The difference in the mean journey time between the steel and carbon bicycles was 00:00:32 (hr:min:sec; 95% CI –00:03:34 to 00:02:30; P=0.72). <b>Conclusions </b>A lighter bicycle did not lead to a detectable difference in commuting time. Cyclists may find it more cost effective to reduce their own weight rather than to purchase a lighter bicycle.
Entrainment of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Oscillations by Periodic Breathing
Authors: GERALDO LORENZI-FILHO, HILMI R. DAJANI, RICHARD S. T. LEUNG, JOHN S. FLORAS, T. DOUGLAS BRADLEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR) is a form of periodic breathing associated with periodic oscillations in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), which have been attributed to hypoxia and arousals from sleep. We hypothesized that periodic alterations in ventilation alone would promote oscillations in BP and HR. Seven healthy, wakeful subjects breathed in three patterns, as follows: (1) regular breathing (RB); (2) periodic breathing with three (PB3: cycle frequency = 0.035 Hz) augmented breaths alternating with 20-s apneas; and (3) periodic breathing with five (PB5: cycle frequency = 0.030 Hz) augmented breaths alternating with 20-s apneas. SaO2 remained above 95% throughout. During periodic breathing, peaks in BP and HR occurred during the ventilatory period and troughs occurred during apnea. The magnitudes of systolic BP oscillations increased significantly from RB (14 ± 5 mm Hg) to PB3 (20 ± 4 mm Hg) and PB5 (25 ± 7 mm Hg; p < 0.005). HR oscillations also increased from regular breathing (13 ± 6.0 beats/min) to PB3 (20.2 ± 2.3 beats/min) and PB5 (20.2 ± 4.7 beats/ min; p < 0.01). Spectral analysis showed that during periodic breathing there were discrete peaks in the spectral power of ventilation, BP, and R-wave-to-R-wave interval at the periodic breathing cycle frequencies. We conclude that oscillations in ventilation occurring during periodic breathing can amplify and entrain oscillations in BP and HR in the absence of hypoxia or arousals from sleep.
Distinguishing intention and function in art appreciation
Authors: Glenn Parsons, Allen Carlson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We applaud Bullot &amp; Reber's (B&amp;R's) attempt to encompass the function of artworks within their psycho-historical model of art appreciation. However, we suggest that in order to fully realize this aim, they require a clearer distinction between an artist's intentions toward an artwork and its proper functions. We also show how such a distinction improves the internal coherence of their model.
A NEW METHOD OF MOUNTING MUSEUM PREPARATIONS.
Authors: HENRY ALBERT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Realizing the importance of having a large collection of specimens illustrating the gross pathologic conditions, kept or preserved in their natural shape, size and color, in presenting the subject of pathology to medical students, and being unable to obtain a sufficient amount of material from recent autopsies and operations to meet the needs of a properly conducted course, I have, for the last few years, been paying considerable attention to the different methods of making permanent museum preparations so that whenever a good pathologic specimen is obtained it may be used repeatedly for demonstration. Although I have repeatedly tried several of the methods recommended by different workers during recent years, none has proved so valuable as the Kaiserling method. When using flat jars, the specimens can be so arranged as to have the principal pathologic part next to the glass and in that way best exposed to view. It often
Displacement of Right Lobe of the Liver Caused by Retrohepatic Herniation of the Large Bowel
Authors: HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM, SHAWKAT JAHAN, ALY SEHWEIL, MOHAMMED EL-SAYED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

ABDEL-DAYEM, HUSSEIN M. M.D.; JAHAN, SHAWKAT M.D.; SEHWEIL, ALY M.D.; EL-SAYED, MOHAMMED B.A. Author Information
ABSORPTION FROM THE PULMONARY ALVEOLI
Authors: Cecil K. Drinker, Esther Hardenbergh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Experiments upon dogs anesthetized with nembutal and lasting 4 hours, in which the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct have been cannulated and collection of lung lymph and blood specimens was accomplished after intratracheal instillation of dog plasma, purified bovine serum albumin, crystallized egg albumin, and hemoglobin, have shown that the absorption of such molecules is slight. Experiments in which pyrex glass spheres averaging 4 micra in diameter were instilled failed to disclose entrance of these distinctive foreign particles into the lymph stream, though the fact that lung phagocytes were often found containing the particles or covered with them, indicated that eventually these particles would be found in lung lymphatics and in lymph nodes. The protection against absorption from the lung alveoli is in the main due to intact alveolar epithelium through which molecules of the dimensions of the proteins. commonly entering the alveoli, as a result of trauma or disease, pass very slowly and are found in small traces in lung lymph and even to a less degree in blood.
GW25-e3355 Artesunate enhances the efficacy of amiodarone for cardioversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Zeng Aihong, Ou Yang-Ying, Guo Ming-Ming, None Dai-Xuan, Zhou De-Zhi, Zan Hong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and Hypertension
Authors: Peter D Reaven, Elizabeth L Barrett-Connor, Deirdre K Browner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

To quantify the association of abnormal glucose tolerance with hypertension and postural hypotension, 2480 men and women aged 50-89 yr from a defined population were evaluated by oral glucose tolerance and measurements of supine, seated, and standing blood pressure. In both sexes, adults with impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) had increased mean blood pressure compared with those with normal glucose tolerance. These differences were both statistically (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and clinically (3-12 mmHg) significant and were independent of age, obesity, and the use of antihypertensive medication. Age-adjusted rates of systolic hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension were also higher in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or NIDDM compared with those with normal glucose tolerance.
THE PRECIPITIN REACTION OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERA
Authors: Mae Friedlander, Harry Sobotka, Edwin J. Banzhaf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The precipitin indices for a number of monovalent and polyvalent antipneumococcus sera were determined under known conditions, and found to vary as did the number of protective units. The ratio precipitin index/protective units in monovalent sera was found to lie between 2.8 and 4.8 for Type I and to be about ten times greater for Type III. Lower values were found in polyvalent horses and when mixing heterologous monovalent sera with each other. The influence of the duration of treatment upon the quotient was studied. Several refined and concentrated preparations showed a relative increase in precipitin activity.
Hypopnea Associated with Acetate Hemodialysis: Carbon Dioxide-Flow-Dependent Ventilation
Authors: Martin J. Dolan, Brian J. Whipp, Warren D. Davidson, Richard E. Weitzman, Karlman Wasserman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

IN patients with chronic renal failure who are undergoing hemodialysis, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) falls when a dialysis solution containing acetate is used.1 2 3 4 It has been suggested that hypoxemia results from altered pulmonary ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lung that are consequent to pulmonary sequestration of neutrophils.3 4 5 However, Aurigemma1 and Tolchin2 and their colleagues have proposed that the major cause of the reduced PaO2 is a reduction in carbon dioxide output at the lungs, as a consequence of the carbon dioxide loss through the dialysis bath that leads to reduced ventilation. Such a reduction in ventilation has been . . .
Relationship between spontaneous non-propagating pressure activity in the oesophagus and acid gastro-oesophageal reflux in pathological and non-pathological refluxers.
Authors: S Kruse-Andersen, L Wallin, T Madsen
Journal: Gut (1987)

To evaluate the oesophageal motor activity preceding episodes of reflux, 10 pathological and 10 non-pathological refluxers and 26 normal subjects were investigated. The pressure events in spontaneous short periods of pressure activity (less than or equal to 60 sec) and in long activity periods were registered. The last contraction before reflux was more frequently found non-propagating than the last contraction of pressure periods not followed by reflux (p less than 0.01). The interval from the last contraction to reflux was shortest, if the contraction terminated in, or confined to the upper part of the oesophagus (p less than 0.001). Increased proportion of reflux episodes were preceded by an upper segmentary contraction (p less than 0.05) and a short activity period (p less than 0.02) in patients with pathological reflux in comparison with non-pathological refluxers. Spontaneously occurring sphincter relaxations might be triggered by preceding non-propagated contractile activity. The relative number of reflux episodes preceded by non-propagated pressure activity seems to be increased in patients with frequent episodes of acid reflux, compared with patients with infrequent episodes, or with normal subjects.
Predicting Reduction of Cerebrospinal Fluid β-Amyloid 42 in Cognitively Healthy Controls
Authors: Niklas Mattsson, Philip S. Insel, Michael Donohue, William Jagust, Reisa Sperling, Paul Aisen, Michael W. Weiner
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Alzheimer disease has a long preclinical stage characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation without symptoms. Several trials focus on this stage and use biomarkers to include Aβ-positive participants, but an even earlier prevention of Aβ accumulation may be an effective treatment strategy.To determine whether people who appear to be Aβ negative but are at high risk for Aβ positivity within the near future can be identified.Longitudinal biomarker cohort study involving 35 cognitively healthy individuals who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling for up to 3 years during the study (October 24, 2005, to September 1, 2014). All participants had normal CSF Aβ42 levels at baseline.Predictors of future Aβ positivity (levels of CSF Aβ42 declining below a previously validated cutoff level of 192 ng/L) tested by random forest models. Tested predictors included levels of protein in the CSF, hippocampal volume, genetics, demographics, and cognitive scores.The CSF Aβ42 levels declined in 11 participants, and the CSF became Aβ positive. The baseline CSF Aβ42 level was a strong predictor of future positivity (accuracy, 79% [95% CI, 70%-87%]). Ten of 11 decliners had baseline CSF Aβ42 levels in the lower tertile of the reference range (<225 ng/L), and 22 of 24 nondecliners had baseline CSF Aβ42 levels in the upper 2 tertiles (≥225 ng/L). A high CSF P-tau level was associated with decline (accuracy, 68%; 95% CI, 55%-81%).Baseline CSF Aβ42 levels in the lower part of the reference range are strongly associated with future Aβ positivity. This finding can be used in trials on very early prevention of Alzheimer disease to identify people at high risk for Aβ accumulation as defined by low CSF Aβ42 levels.
Planning the medical workforce
Authors: K. Ryde
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The problems of planning the medical workforce are chronic and recurring. The national overview of supply and demand for doctors in both primary and secondary care has consistently been found to be inaccurate. This has led to many problems, such as wild swings in the planning of opportunities for specialist registrars. Some specialties have seen substantial increases in training placements demanded one year followed by equally large decreases the next year.

Against this background, one has to consider whether the ideal of effective workforce planning is a realistic proposition. There is a clear need for national coordination in data collection, yet there seems to be a reluctance to provide it. Planned consultant expansion, as recent experience in obstetrics and gynaecology has shown, cannot be achieved in the absence of policy and funding to support it. Planning merely on the basis of a “wish list” is ineffective.

Planning the make up of tomorrow's medical workforce is a complex business. The challenge is to decide the optimum mix of skills that should be in place and then monitor continuously to ensure that this mix remains sustainable in a constantly changing healthcare environment. This can be achieved only through effective management of information, with a computer database being used to provide the necessary “snapshot” overviews for planning purposes. Yet the criteria for a suitable system are exacting because of the complexity of the many different variables involved.

These variables encompass both the numbers of doctors in training (the supply) and the numbers of qualified doctors in service (the demand). It is important to remember that trainees provide a great deal of the service no matter how often they move around for educational purposes. Other key factors for consideration include the number of known and projected consultant vacancies and how many posts are filled …
L'intérêt de la capsule vidéo dans la détection des lésions de l'intestin grêle dans la maladie de Rendu Osler
Authors: D Moussata, JL Gaudin, A Calender, S Giraud, JC Saurin
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

La maladie de Rendu Osler (RO) est une affection rare à transmission héréditaire autosomique dominante responsable d'angiodysplasies (AD) étendues aux muqueuses, peau et viscères. Les épistaxis touchent 90% des patients, manifestations gastro-intestinales environ 1/3. Très peu de données sont disponibles quant à la prévalence des lésions au niveau du grêle.
Clinical study of Duogastrone in the treatment of duodenal ulcers
Authors: B. O. Amure
Journal: Gut (1970)

This study confirms the preliminary reports that Duogastrone effectively controls the symptoms of duodenal ulceration and appears to hasten healing. In a double-blind trial, 14 patients with active duodenal ulcers were treated with Duogastrone capsules, one four times daily, half-an-hour before meals, while a comparable control group of 14 patients was treated similarly with a placebo containing magnesium trisilicate. Treatment continued for 12 weeks with clinical assessments fortnightly and a radiological assessment at the start and at the end of treatment. Only one of the 14 patients receiving Duogastrone did not respond. The remaining 13 showed marked clinical improvement with complete relief of pain and ceased to require supplementary antacids. Radiological evidence of healing or marked improvement was seen in eight of the 14 patients. None of the patients in the control group showed any marked improvement either of pain or tenderness and no changes were detectable by radiology. Patients in this group showed no reduction in their demand for supplementary antacids to relieve symptoms. No significant side effects were encountered. It is concluded that Duogastrone accelerates the healing of duodenal ulcer in ambulant patients and affords a much greater and more rapid relief of symptoms than does magnesium trisilicate.
Operative Management of Refractory Neuropathic Inguinodynia by a Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Approach
Authors: David C. Chen, Jonathan R. Hiatt, Parviz K. Amid
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

With the technical success of tension-free inguinal herniorrhaphy, chronic groin pain has far surpassed recurrence as the most common long-term complication.To evaluate laparoscopic triple neurectomy of the ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerve trunks in the retroperitoneal lumbar plexus for treatment of refractory inguinodynia.Prospective study.University hernia center.Twenty consecutive patients with chronic inguinodynia (14 male; mean age, 46 years; all failing pain management; prior neurectomy in 4 patients) and follow-up to 180 days (minimum, 90 days).Groin pain (Numeric Rating Scale score), dermatomal mapping, hernia recurrence, histologic confirmation, and complications.There were no intraoperative complications. All patients had histologic confirmation of neurectomy and clinical confirmation with dermatomal mapping. Mean numeric pain scores were significantly decreased (baseline score, 7.8) on postoperative days 1 (score, 2.9; P < .001), 7 (score, 2.2; P < .001), 30 (score, 1.7; P < .001), and 90 (score, 1.9; P < .001). Narcotic dependence decreased and activity level increased. Five patients reported transient hypersensitivity consistent with deafferentation. All had numbness in the distribution of neurectomy without complaint. Four had residual meshoma pain, with 2 undergoing subsequent reoperation to remove mesh. Orchialgia was not improved.This represents the largest series of laparoscopic retroperitoneal triple neurectomies for treatment of inguinodynia. The rate of successful intervention was better than reported for standard triple neurectomy and open extended triple neurectomy. The procedure allows access proximal to all potential sites of peripheral neuropathy and overcomes many of the limitations of open triple neurectomy. In the absence of recurrence or meshoma, it is the preferred technique for definitive management of chronic inguinal neuralgia.
Cystic Hypernephroma Mimicking an Hepatic Mass
Authors: M C EYBALIN, R LEBLOND, R CHARTRAND, L CARRIER, D PICARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A renal mass was correctly identified with Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen scan and Tc-99m glucoheptonate scintigraphy while CT scan was misinterpreted as showing a hepatic lesion.