tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Birth Weight Among Women of Different Ethnic Groups
Authors: Patricia H. Shiono, Mark A. Klebanoff, Barry I. Graubard, Heinz W. Berendes, George G. Rhoads
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Differences in mean birth weight and low birth weight (&lt;2.5 kg) are analyzed among Asians, blacks, Hispanics, and whites who were enrolled in the Northern California Kaiser-Permanente Birth Defects Study, a prospective study of 29,415 pregnancy outcomes. Large differences in birth weight among babies of different ethnic groups persist after controlling for the joint effects of maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, sex of child, parity, length of prenatal care, and maternal weight-for-height percentile. Compared with whites, the relative mean differences in birth weight are estimated as —246 g for blacks, —210 g for Asians, —105 g for Hispanics, and —140 g for others. The low-birth-weight rates and crude odds ratios are 7.70% (2.17) for blacks; 5.57% (1.57) for Asians; 5.52% (1.55) for others; 4.00% (1.13) for Hispanics; and 3.55% (1.00) for whites. After controlling for the effects of 22 factors, the odds ratios for a low-birth-weight infant are 2.41 for blacks, 1.37 for Asians, 1.93 for others, and 1.25 for Hispanics. It is concluded that factors currently used to control for ethnic differences in birth weight are insufficient to explain the observed differences. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:48-52)
Rupture of the Aortic Valve
Authors: WILLIAM L. PROUDFIT, LAWRENCE J. MCCORMACK
Journal: Circulation (1956)

THE AORTIC VALVE has been recognized in the past, but interest in the diagnosis has been purely academic.Clinical interest in this rare lesion has been stimulated by the recent development of a surgical method of treatment.The following case is presented and discussed to emphasize the clinical signs of rupture of the aortic valve. CASE PRESENTATIONA 56 year old city fireman had been well until he was in an automobile accident on August 5, 1950.At that time his blood pressure was found to be elevated.On Sept. 7, 1950, physical examination revealed no significant abnormalities except for a blood pressure of 180/100 mm.Hg.He remained in fairly satisfactory condition, except for elevation of blood pressure to about 200/125 mm.Hg, until May 1951, when a cerebral thrombosis occurred; recovery was fairly satisfactory.In July 1951, a presystolic gallop rhythm was noted but no cardiac murmurs.On January 31, 1952, he was feeling quite well, but his blood pres- sure was 176/104 and the presystolic gallop rhythm still was present.On Sept. 19, 1952, he was next seen because of dyspnea and orthopnea of several weeks' duration.On examination, his blood pressure was 190/94, a gallop rhythm was present and, for the first time, there was a loud, musical, cooing, diastolic murmur that was best heard along the left border of the sternum.A systolic blowing murmur of moderate intensity also was present, and there was a rumbling mid and late diastolic murmur at the cardiac apex.An electrocardiogram showed only slight left axis deviation and a flat T wave in lead aVL.The left axis deviation was less marked than that recorded on Sept. 9, 1950.On roentgen examination of the chest, the transverse diameter of the heart measured 19.6 cm.(2.6 cm.greater than two years previously), andFrom The Cleveland Clinic Foundation and The
Circulating Secretory Phospholipase A2 Activity Predicts Recurrent Events in Patients With Severe Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Ziad Mallat, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Joëlle Benessiano, Marie-Laure Tanguy, Keith A. Fox, Jean-Philippe Collet, Omar H. Dabbous, Patrick Henry, Kathryn F. Carruthers, Anne Dauphin, Carla Sibella Arguelles, Joëlle Masliah, Bénédicte Hugel, Gilles Montalescot, Jean-Marie Freyssinet, Bernard Asselain, Alain Tedgui
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Promiscuous Presentation and Recognition of Nucleosomal Autoepitopes in Lupus: Role of Autoimmune T Cell Receptor α Chain
Authors: Yan Shi, Arunan Kaliyaperumal, Liangjun Lu, Scott Southwood, Alessandro Sette, Marissa A. Michaels, Syamal K. Datta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

T cells specific for nucleosomal autoepitopes are selectively expanded in lupus mice and these Th cells drive autoimmune B cells to produce pathogenic antinuclear antibodies. We transfected the TCR-α and -β chain genes of a representative, pathogenic autoantibody-inducing Th clone specific for the nucleosomal core histone peptide H471–94 into TCR-negative recipient cells. Although the autoimmune TCRs were originally derived from SNF1 (I-Ad/q) mice, the transfectants could recognize the nucleosomal autoepitope presented by APC-bearing I-A molecules of all haplotypes tested, as well as human DR molecules. Competition assays indicated that the autoepitopes bound to the MHC class II groove. Most remarkably, MHC-unrestricted recognition of the nucleosomal peptide epitope was conferred by the lupus TCR-α chain even when it paired with a TCR-β chain of irrelevant specificity. Several other disease-relevant Th clones and splenic T cells of lupus mice had similar properties. The TCR-α chains of these murine lupus Th clones shared related motifs and charged residues in their CDRs, and similar motifs were apparent even in TCR-α chains of human lupus Th clones. The lupus TCR-α chains probably contact the nucleosomal peptide complexed with MHC with relatively high affinity/avidity to sustain TCR signaling, because CD4 coreceptor was not required for promiscuous recognition. Indeed, pathogenic autoantibody-inducing, CD4-negative, TCR-αβ+ Th cells are expanded in systemic lupus erythematosus. These results have implications regarding thymic selection and peripheral expansion of nucleosome-specific T cells in lupus. They also suggest that universally tolerogenic epitopes could be designed for therapy of lupus patients with diverse HLA alleles. We propose to designate nucleosomes and other antigens bearing universal epitopes “Pantigens” (for promiscuous antigens).
Abstract B2: T cell costimulation in cancer immunotherapy with anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies is mediated by K63-polyubiquitin-dependent signals from endosomes.
Authors: Ivan Martinez-Forero, Arantza Azpilicueta, Elixabet Bolaños-Mateo, Estnislao Nistal-Villan, Asis Palazon, Alvaro Teijeira, Gema Perez-Chacon, Aizea Morales-Kastresana, Oihana Murillo, Maria Jure-Kunkel, Juan Manuel Zapata, Ignacio Melero
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Agonist anti-CD137(4-1BB) mAbs enhance CD8-mediated antitumor immunity. Agonist anti-human CD137 mAbs covering four distinct epitopes on the CD137 glycoprotein co-stimulated T cell activation irrespective of the engaged epitope or its interference with CD137L binding. CD137 perturbation with all these agonist mAbs resulted in antigen and antibody internalization towards a vesicular compartment. Internalization was observed in activated T cells from humans and mice, not only in culture but also in antibody-injected living animals. These in vivo experiments were carried out upon systemic intravenous injections with anti-CD137 mAbs and showed internalization in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and in activated human T cells transferred to mice. CD137-internalization required K63-polyubiquitination and endocytosed CD137-containing deposits were decorated with K63-polyubiquitins. CD137 stimulation activates NF-kB through a K63-linked polyubiquitination-dependent route and CD137-associated TRAF2 becomes K63-polyubiquitinated. Consistent with a role for TRAF2 in CD137 signalling, transgenic mice functionally deficient in TRAF2 show a delayed immunotherapeutic activity of anti-CD137 mAbs Citation Format: Ivan Martinez-Forero, Arantza Azpilicueta, Elixabet Bolaños-Mateo, Estnislao Nistal-Villan, Asis Palazon, Alvaro Teijeira, Gema Perez-Chacon, Aizea Morales-Kastresana, Oihana Murillo, Maria Jure-Kunkel, Juan Manuel Zapata, Ignacio Melero. T cell costimulation in cancer immunotherapy with anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies is mediated by K63-polyubiquitin-dependent signals from endosomes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B2.
Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakhstan: sources of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposures in an agricultural region of southern Kazakhstan.
Authors: K Hooper, T Chuvakova, G Kazbekova, D Hayward, A Tulenova, M X Petreas, T J Wade, K Benedict, Y Y Cheng, J Grassman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

High levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; up to 208 pg/g fat) were measured in samples of breast milk collected in 1997 from 64 donors [41 first-time mothers (primiparae)] living on state farms in southern Kazakhstan. TCDD was the major contributor (70%) to the toxic equivalents, matching the congener patterns found in breast milk and serum samples collected in 1994 and 1996 from donors in nearby villages. The highest TCDD levels were found in state farms adjacent to a reservoir (zone A), which receives agricultural runoff from cotton fields. TCDD levels in zone A were significantly higher than levels in a region more distant (zone B; > 10 miles) from the reservoir (zone A: mean 53 pg/g, n = 17; zone B: mean 21 pg/g, n = 24; p = 0.0017). Levels of TCDD in breast milk and animal-derived foodstuffs were 10 times U.S. levels. Body burden and dietary data suggest that exposures to TCDD are chronic, environmental, and long term and may be related to the use of chemicals in cotton agriculture. The data suggest that the most likely source is the use of cotton defoliants contaminated with TCDD, and the most likely pathway for human exposure is via the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs.
Impact of Communicating Familial Risk of Diabetes on Illness Perceptions and Self-Reported Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Miranda Pijl, Danielle R.M. Timmermans, Liesbeth Claassen, A. Cecile J.W. Janssens, Giel Nijpels, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Theresa M. Marteau, Lidewij Henneman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

To assess the potential effectiveness of communicating familial risk of diabetes on illness perceptions and self-reported behavioral outcomes.Individuals with a family history of diabetes were randomized to receive risk information based on familial and general risk factors (n = 59) or general risk factors alone (n = 59). Outcomes were assessed using questionnaires at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months.Compared with individuals receiving general risk information, those receiving familial risk information perceived heredity to be a more important cause of diabetes (P < 0.01) at 1-week follow-up, perceived greater control over preventing diabetes (P < 0.05), and reported having eaten more healthily (P = 0.01) after 3 months. Behavioral intentions did not differ between the groups.Communicating familial risk increased personal control and, thus, did not result in fatalism. Although the intervention did not influence intentions to change behavior, there was some evidence to suggest it increases healthy behavior.
Special Consultation on Syringe Laws Addresses Epidemics, Airs Controversy
Authors: Karen Titus
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE SETTING could not have been more appropriate for highly charged discussions about handling the dual epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and substance abuse: The Carter Center in Atlanta, Ga. Participants in what many called a groundbreaking national Consultation on Syringe Laws and Regulations to Address the Dual Epidemics of HIV Infection and Substance Abuse did not have to look far for inspiration on conflict resolution. Down the hallway, in the Jimmy Carter Library, was an exhibit detailing the Camp David peace agreement brokered by then-President Carter. The symbolism was not lost on Lawrence O. Gostin, JD, an organizer of the consultation and a professor of law at Georgetown University School of Law, Washington, DC, and Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md. "This is indeed a mini-Camp David," he noted. Those in attendance included physicians, public health experts, pharmacists, legislators, law enforcement officials, and
Closed Chest Resuscitation
Authors: H. EDWARD HOLLING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

Editorials1 October 1965Closed Chest ResuscitationH. EDWARD HOLLING, M.D., F.A.C.PH. EDWARD HOLLING, M.D., F.A.C.PSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-4-719 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI remember vividly an occasion about 5 years ago. In the animal laboratory I was suddenly bereft of speech and movement as my hand came in contact with a poorly insulated operating light. I was less afraid of ventricular fibrillation than that its onset would lead my surgical colleague to use the not so sterile instruments on the animal table and initiate open chest massage of my heart. Since that time closed chest cardiac massage has been shown to be effective, and we may be thankful that its complications are comparatively mild.The effectiveness of prompt application of the closed...References1. JUDEKOUWENHOVENKNICKERBOCKER JRWBGG: Cardiac arrest. Report of application of external cardiac massage on 118 patients. JAMA 178: 1063, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. EDITORIAL. Circulation 31, 641, 1965. Google Scholar3. GENAUDLEGENDRESAURY PERA: External cardiac massage and drowning. Lancet 1: 1383, 1965. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedizinische Extremsituationen und der sterbende Patient 1 October 1965Volume 63, Issue 4Page: 719-721KeywordsHeartResearch laboratoriesResuscitationThoraxVentricular fibrillation Issue Published: 1 October 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Contaminated drugs are held responsible for 120 deaths in Pakistan
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Authorities in Pakistan have temporarily closed a drug company thought to have produced contaminated drugs that killed more than 120 patients at a Lahore hospital over the past month.

The crisis has raised concern over the quality of low cost drugs and the effectiveness of the drug regulatory system in Pakistan.

A batch of the drug, Isotab (containing isosorbide mononitrate 20 mg), is thought to have caused the deaths at the state run Punjab Institute for Cardiology in Lahore, where it was given free of charge to patients with heart conditions. Tests …
Reproducibility of Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurements Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Joel S. Schuman, Tamar Pedut-Kloizman, Ellen Hertzmark, Michael R. Hee, Jason R. Wilkins, Jeffery G. Coker, Carmen A. Puliafito, James G. Fujimoto, Eric A. Swanson
Journal: Ophthalmology (1996)
Handbook of Clinical Ophthalmology
Authors: Elise Torczynski
Journal: JAMA (1983)

One rarely finds a book that should be part of the library of every ophthalmologist, every training center, and every clinical facility. Handbook of Ophthalmology is such a book. It is not a textbook; it is not a dictionary. The text is a well thought out, highly useful, and practical reference for ophthalmologists. The book has some usefulness for students, house officers, and general practitioners as a quick reference in ophthalmology, but because of its succinct style it tends to speak directly to the practicing ophthalmologist. The text is divided into four sections: glossary of terms; differential diagnoses, including signs and symptoms; clinical ophthalmology with seven subsections; and the appendixes.  The glossary is a fairly extensive list of ophthalmological terms, both common and esoteric, including many proper names with relevance for ophthalmology. The terms are briefly and accurately defined, and in the case of syndromes, a page reference is given
Influenza-Related Hospitalizations among Children in Hong Kong
Authors: Susan S. Chiu, Yu Lung Lau, Kwok H. Chan, Wilfred Hing Sang Wong, J.S. Malik Peiris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

It has been difficult to define the burden of influenza in children because of confounding by the cocirculation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In Hong Kong, China, the influenza and RSV infection seasons sometimes do not overlap, thus providing an opportunity to estimate the rate of influenza-related hospitalization in a defined population, free from the effects of RSV.In a retrospective, population-based study, we estimated the influenza-associated excess rate of hospitalization among children 15 years old or younger in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region from 1997 to 1999. Data from a single hospital with intensive use of virologic analyses for diagnosis were obtained to define and adjust for underestimation of the model.Peaks of influenza and RSV infection activity were well separated in 1998 and 1999 but overlapped in 1997. The adjusted rates of excess hospitalization for acute respiratory disease that were attributable to influenza were 278.5 and 288.2 per 10,000 children less than 1 year of age in 1998 and 1999, respectively; 218.4 and 209.3 per 10,000 children 1 to less than 2 years of age; 125.6 and 77.3 per 10,000 children 2 to less than 5 years of age; 57.3 and 20.9 per 10,000 children 5 to less than 10 years of age; and 16.4 and 8.1 per 10,000 children 10 to 15 years of age.In the subtropics, influenza is an important cause of hospitalization among children, with rates exceeding those reported for temperate regions.
Bone Marrow Reactions
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The author, professor of anatomy at the University of Bristol, has been engaged for many years in the quantitative study of hematopoiesis, generally employing as a model the healthy 400-gm male guinea pig. His ultimate goal is to describe hematopoiesis through a number of suitable equations. This monograph reviews his progress to date. He evolved a basic quantitative technique for estimating in an animal the total number of marrow cells of various types. Marrow reactions to certain stresses have been investigated. During the first 48 hours after hypoxia, there is an accelerated release of reticulocytes, followed by erythroid hyperplasia. Typhoid vaccine was administered intravenously to study neutrophilic reactions. There is normally a large granulocytic reserve which can be rapidly replenished. The neutrophil has a short life in the circulation. Chapters are devoted to eosinophil, basophil, and lymphocyte under various stresses. While the volume indicates awareness of work done by others,
TCT-50 Angiographic Predictor of 2-Year Stent Thrombosis in Patients Receiving Drug-eluting Stents: Insights from the ADAPT-DES Study
Authors: Philippe Genereux, Ajay J. Kirtane, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Laura LaSalle, Giora Weisz, Ke Xu, Sorin Brener, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Psychiatry and Medicine
Authors: NIKITAS J. ZERVANOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 January 1970Psychiatry and MedicineNIKITAS J. ZERVANOS, M.D.NIKITAS J. ZERVANOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-1-143_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: This is in response to the editorial "Stale, Soft or Chronic" by Edward J. Huth (ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, June 1969).It seems to me, that regardless of what area of interest the physician has so long as he partakes in the care of people and is sensitive to the "whole patient" in providing essential service, he cannot help but be aware of the emotional contribution to the health disturbances presented. The internist, whether providing primary care or consultative secondary care, is managing a patient who possesses anxiety whether "free-floating" or "specific" relative to the complaint (1)....References1. KOSA J: The Place of the Morbid Episodes in the Social Interaction Pattern. Presented at the 6th Congress of The International Sociological Association, 1966. Google Scholar2. FEINSTEIN A: Clinical Judgment, Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins Co., 1968. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: NIKITAS J. ZERVANOS, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Community Medical Services Lancaster General Hospital Lancaster, Pa. 17604 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1970Volume 72, Issue 1Page: 143-144KeywordsAnxietyEmotions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
NEURASTHENIA AND ITS TREATMENT BY ACTINIC RAYS.
Authors: ALBERT E. STERNE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Neurasthenia or "nerve weakness" is a definite clinical entity, yet it is not always easy to diagnose this condition nor to understand its cause or causes in an individual case. Its treatment is frequently extremely difficult, notably in those instances in which definite psychical phenomena have demonstrated themselves. The condition is often profoundly mixed with functional troubles, like hysteria and hypochondria on the one hand, and with real organic processes, such as endocarditis, gastroenteritis and hepatitis, on the other. At this time I desire to speak mainly of neurasthenia to elucidate a new method of treatment which has sprung from a careful consideration of those forces, which seem to me to be actively engaged in the process of producing nerve strength and nerve debility. For the sake of convenience, both in teaching and in treatment, I separate, quite arbitrarily, neurasthenia into three divisions, irrespective of producing factors, to-wit: 1. Nerve
Assisted suicide for depression: the slippery slope in action?
Authors: A D Ogilvie, S G Potts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

and IgM as well as cytokines such as interleukin 2, interleukin 4, and interleukin 6.16 Ursodeoxycholic acid may be beneficial in primary biliary cirrhosis, and we now have a clearer understanding of how it may work.Unfortunately, the nature of the disease makes it difficult to show definitive long term benefit.A meta-analysis of double blind placebo controlled data is planned and may be helpful.In comparison with previously suggested agents ursodeoxycholic acid is well tolerated and non-toxic.It should be used in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis except those with end stage disease, who should be considered for liver transplantation.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Sickle-Cell Anemia and Alpha G-Philadelphia
Authors: Blanche P. Alter, Shlomo Friedman, John C. Hobbins, Maurice J. Mahoney, Anita S. Sherman, John F. McSweeney, Elias Schwartz, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Prenatal diagnosis is now available as a research procedure for families whose children are at risk for hemoglobinopathies. The expressions of the sickle1 2 3 and thalassemia genes4,5 have been detected in abortuses as early as five weeks' gestation. Homozygous sickle-cell disease, thalassemia major and thalassemia trait have also been detected by diagnostic procedures during the midtrimester. Fetal blood samples for these diagnoses were obtained by needle aspiration of the placenta6,7 or by fetoscopy.8,9We report here the prenatal diagnosis of a complex hemoglobinopathy in which the sample was obtained by fetoscopy. The detection of apparent homozygosity for βS (or possibly S/β . . .