tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyclosporine-induced synthesis of endothelin by cultured human endothelial cells.
Authors: T E Bunchman, C A Brookshire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Endothelin (ET), a peptide synthesized by endothelial cells (EC), causes a decreased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate and an increased mean arterial pressure when infused in animals. In tissue culture, ET causes smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and contraction by influx of extracellular calcium, which is inhibited by calcium channel antagonists. Infusion of cyclosporine (CSA) hemodynamically parallels ET action, and knowing that CSA effects EC, we hypothesize that the vasoconstrictive effects of CSA are a result of ET synthesis by EC. Varying concentrations of CSA were incubated with EC resulting in ET present in the supernatants in a dose-dependent manner peaking at 75% above basal activity. Coincubation of either cremophor alone or cycloheximide with CSA resulted in minimal ET present in the EC supernatants (P less than 0.01 each). Incubation of conditioned media from CSA-treated EC with SMC caused proliferation at 114% above basal activity, which did not occur in the presence of CSA alone (P less than 0.01). This activity is specifically inhibited in the presence of an anti-ET antibody or nonspecifically in the presence of calcium channel antagonists (P less than 0.01 each). Therefore, CSA stimulates EC synthesis of ET which in turn causes SMC proliferation. This action is inhibited by the coincubation of a specific antibody to ET or a calcium channel antagonist. These findings may help in the understanding of CSA-induced hypertension and vasculopathy.
Factors Affecting Porphyrin-precursor Excretion by Patients with Acute Intermittent Porphyria.
Authors: Frederick H. Welland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Factors Affecting Porphyrin-precursor Excretion by Patients with Acute Intermittent Porphyria.Frederick H. Welland, M.D., Emanuel Hellman, M.D., F.A.C.P., Donald P. Tschudy, M.D., Annie Collins, B.S.Frederick H. Welland, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Emanuel Hellman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Donald P. Tschudy, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Annie Collins, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-330_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn investigation of diet factors that affect the 24-hour urine porphobilinogen excretion in humans with acute intermittent porphyria was stimulated by the observation in this laboratory of a relationship between diet and porphobilinogenuria in experimental porphyria. The study was broadened when a relationship between attacks of acute intermittent porphyria and the menstrual cycle in human females was suspected.Patients studied were hospitalized on a metabolic ward, where caloric intake and output as well as diet constitution were measured by standard methods. All patients had a positive Watson-Schwartz test, and 24-hour porphobilinogen excretion was measured by the dilution or column methods... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 330-331KeywordsDietExcretionMenstrual cyclePorphyriaResearch laboratoriesUrine Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A method for the separation of erythrocytes on the basis of size using counterflow centrifugation
Authors: Craig B. Thompson, Rachel L. Galli, Anthony J. Melaragno, C. Robert Valeri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

A method has been developed for separation of erythrocytes on the basis of size using counterflow centrifugation. Human red blood cells with an original mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 89.2 +/- 4.1 fl were isolated, free of plasma proteins and other cell contaminants, into seven fractions ranging in size from 77.0 +/- 2.7 fl to 98.5 +/- 4.8 fl. The ratio of the age-related enzyme, erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transferase (EGOT), to hemoglobin (Hb) increased progressively through the fractions, suggesting a correlation between erythrocyte volume and age. Reticulocytes, though present in all fractions, were selectively enriched in the larger subpopulations. To verify the biochemical evidence that erythrocytes decrease in volume with aging, in vivo cohort labeling of red blood cells with 59Fe was performed in baboons. A similar relationship of EGOT to Hb was observed to that in the human subpopulations. The peak activity of 59Fe/RBC appeared initially in the red blood cells with the highest MCV and progressed from the erythrocytes with the largest MCV to the erythrocytes with the smallest MCV over the next 10-12 weeks, confirming the hypothesis that red blood cells decrease in volume as they age. The technique of counterflow centrifugation appears to provide a simple, rapid, and reproducible method for the separation of erythrocytes on the basis of size.
Hepatocyte and immune system: acute phase reaction as a contribution to early defence mechanisms.
Authors: C Trautwein, K Boker, M P Manns
Journal: Gut (1994)

Hepatocyte and immune system: acute phase reaction as a contribution to early defence mechanisms Cytokines, a variety of hormone-like molecules, include a group of soluble factors -the interferons, interleukins, and hematopoietic growth factors.They build a complex net- work of interactive signals and are important for the regulation of hematopoesis and many immune reactions.The interaction of the hepatocyte with the immune system may occur at different levels (Fig 1 ).For example viral infections often induce interferon (IFN) production, but can also stimulate synthesis of class II molecules, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin (IL) 2.1 2 IFN activates other cytokines directly by interacting with IFN sequence motifs in their promotors.3Little information exists on the role of cytokines in the initiation and perpetuation of liver diseases.The level and activity of different cytokines such as IL 6 can be abnormal and may contribute to the injury in immunologically mediated liver diseases.4Another mechanism is the 'acute phase response', in which a panel of cytokines regulates different liver specific genes.There is detailed knowledge on how the signals of these cytokines are transduced from the surface of the hepatocyte membrane to the promotor of the liver specific gene: the mechanisms will be reviewed in this article. Acute phase response and proteinThe acute phase response has been known for centuries.The ancient Greeks gave an initial description as they observed an increased sedimentation rate of erythrocytes in the blood of severely ill patients.5Today, we can explain this phenomenon as an increase in the plasma concentration of fibrinogen and other acute phase proteins.6Most of the acute phase proteins are synthesised in hepatocytes, non-hepatic tissue is only a minor source of the acute phase proteins.Depending on their regulation during inflammation, they are called either positive or negative acute phase proteins.Positive means the plasma concentration is increased and negative means it is decreased during inflammation.In humans the most prominent positive acute phase proteins are C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A. In man an increase of up to 100 fold is observed during inflammation, whereas in rats the most Acute phase proteins Increase in plasma concentration Decrease in plasma 10-100fold 2-10 fold Up to 2fold concentration Human: C reactive pro-al proteinase Coeruloplasmin Inter a antitrypsin tein inhibitor C3 of comple- Transferrin Serum amlyloid al acid glycoprotein ment al lipoprotein A a} antichymotrypsin a2 antiplasmin Prealbumin Fibrinogen
Anaemia is associated with shorter leucocyte telomere length in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Liza S.M. Wong, Jardi Huzen, Pim van der Harst, Rudolf A. de Boer, Veryan Codd, B. Daan Westenbrink, Germaine F.J.D. Benus, Adriaan A. Voors, Wiek H. van Gilst, Nilesh J. Samani, Tiny Jaarsma, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
A Few Practical Observations on Abortion, &amp;c
Authors: T. Radford
Journal: BMJ (1845)

Mr. President and Gentlemen,-I hiave ventured to br-ing before you a few observa- tions, hurriedly put together, on abortion, a subject of the highest imnportance to the m-ledical, but miore especially to thie obstetrical practitiotner.It is not, however, my intention to enter into a detailed account of thuis accident on the l)resent occasion, bIut I slall only miiake a few remarks on the moral responisibility connected with this suibject, and also suggoest a fev pr-acticatl hints, which miiay be useful to guide the youing or itnexperienced practitioner in hiis prognosis and treatment.
Letter: New enterotoxinogenic bacteria isolated.
Authors: T Wadstrom, A A Kettis, D Habte, J Holmgren, G Meeuwisse, R Mollby, O Soderlind
Journal: BMJ (1976)

graphy).Indeed it seems likely that computer tomography will increasingly permit selective percutaneous biopsy of solid abdominal organs. 9Laparotomy is not the only way of making a certain pancreatic diagnosis, and is not always the best.
Cigarettes and addiction
Authors: J. E Henningfield, N. L Benowitz
Journal: BMJ (1995)

of the Royal College of Psychiatrists has written that the bill represents "the worst of both worlds.The mentally ill will be subject to the power of 'arrest' and to no apparent purpose.Psychiatrists remain deeply sceptical and believe that the bill will not provide the extra public safety which the Government is hoping for.""At a recent meeting of the Parliamentary All Party Mental Health Group all professional, user, and other relevant bodies (except the National Schizophrenia Fellowship, representing carers) heavily criticised the bill.It is therefore opposed by nearly all the groups that will implement or be affected by aftercare under supervision.The bill legally tinkers when what is needed is radical revision of the Mental Health Act 1983 designed to take account of the massive change in the provision of psychiatric services towards the community."2It will fail in its stated purpose because it attempts to substitute legal rules for resources.It should be resisted and, if enacted, ignored.It removes civil rights without offering any appreciable clinical benefit and thus eschews any principle of reciprocity.12
Electrotonic metabolism of pacemaker activity. Further biological and mathematical observations on the behavior of modulated parasystole.
Authors: C Antzelevitch, J Jalife, G K Moe
Journal: Circulation (1982)

An in vitro biologic model of parasystole and a mathematical model of parasystole based on the phase-response relationships derived from the biologic model were used in tandem to further develop our understanding of the patterns of ectopic activity that might arise as a consequence of the interaction of two pacemakers across a zone of block. Superfusion of the central segment of a dog Purkinje fiber with an ion-free isotonic sucrose solution provided a narrow region of block. The modulation of pacemaker activity by electronic potentials transmitted across the area of block was shown to be importantly influenced by the position of the "ectopic" pacemaker relative to the site of block. Effects of repetitive electrotonic influences on a single pacemaker cycle, the degree of entrance block and capture of the pacemaker during a phase of supernormal excitability were also studied in both the biologic and mathematical models. Our results indicate that marked shifts in the incidence and pattern of manifest ectopic activity can occur as a result of slight changes in heart rate, ectopic pacemaker rate, level of block and the position of the parasystolic pacemaker relative to the block border.
Abstract 4518: Effects of a novel small molecule inhibitor of Wnt signal pathway, CWP232291, on primary tumor cells from patients with malignant hematologic diseases
Authors: Sung-Doo Kim, Young-Hee Byun, Eun-Hye Hur, Se-Woong Oh, Jong Heun Lee, Bon-Kwan Goo, Sung-Sook Lee, Kyung-Yun Jung, Kyoo-Hyung Lee, Jung-Hee Lee, Dae-Young Kim, Yunsuk Choi, Je-Hwan Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Aberrant activation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. CWP232291 is a novel small molecule that inhibits Wnt signaling through promotion of beta-catenin degradation. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activities of CWP232291 were demonstrated in previous studies using hematologic cancer cell lines (J.Y.C. 2010 AACR, LB-176). Here we report the effects of CWP232291 on primary tumor cells from patients with malignant hematologic diseases. Materials and methods: We performed cell viability assay using luminescent-based CellTiter Glo system to determine in vitro growth inhibitory activities in bone marrow mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers and in primary tumor cells collected from bone marrow of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and B-cell neoplasms (B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma [B-NHL] and multiple myeloma [MM]). Western blot assay was done for changes of intracellular beta-catenin levels after the treatment of CWP232291. Summary of results: CWP232291 showed little effects on normal bone marrow cells, whereas it exerted potent cytotoxicities in a significant proportion of the patients’ samples (8 of 13 AML patients, 2 of 3 B-NHL patients, and 2 of 4 MM patients). The cytotoxic effects of CWP232291 at sub-micromolar levels were more potent than those of anti-leukemic cytotoxic agents such as cytarabine, daunorubicin, or doxorubicin. All of the tumor samples from the AML patients with t(8;21) (n=3), trisomy 8 (n=3), or MLL translocations (n=1) were sensitive to CWP232291. Baseline intracellular beta-catenin levels were elevated in both B-NHL patients’ samples that were sensitive to CWP232291 and the beta-catenin levels decreased after the treatment with CWP232291. Conclusion: Our data from primary patients’ samples provide a rationale for exploring the clinical activities of CWP232291 in the treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies, especially AML and B-cell neoplasms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4518. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4518
Allergen avoidance does not alter airborne cat allergen levels in classrooms
Authors: A.‐S. Karlsson, A. Renström, M. Hedrén, K. Larsson
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Some schools in Sweden offer allergen avoidance classrooms for allergic children with severe asthma. However, the measures commonly used to achieve a reduction in allergen levels have not been properly evaluated. The aim of the present prospective study was to study whether the levels of airborne cat allergen are altered after introducing feasible intervention measures in classrooms, without interfering with peoples’ freedom of choice regarding pet ownership. Methods: Twenty‐five classes, including five established allergy prevention classrooms participated in the study during a school year. After one term, six classes underwent a number of intervention measures recommended by the Swedish National Institute of Public Health. Curtains, upholstery and plants were removed, bookshelves were replaced with cupboards and regular cleaning was increased. Airborne dust was collected weekly (32 weeks) using duplicate Petri dishes ( n = 1574) and on six occasions using two personal air samplers in each class ( n = 264). Results: Airborne cat allergen levels were showing a similar variability throughout the whole study in all classes. Despite extensive measures in order to reduce allergen exposure, cat allergen levels were unaltered in the six classes after intervention. Allergen levels were not significantly lower in the established allergy prevention classes, compared with the other classes. Cat allergen levels differed, however, significantly between classes with few and many cat owners ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that the recommended allergen avoidance measures used in this study did not reduce airborne cat allergen. It seems plausible that measures that fail to reduce allergen levels also fail to influence health status in allergic children but this remains to be shown.
Intimal Hyperplasia After Balloon Injury Is Attenuated by Blocking Selectins
Authors: Michael K. Barron, R. Scott Lake, Andrew J. Buda, Alan N. Tenaglia
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Cell adhesion molecules facilitate the adherence of platelets and leukocytes to the vascular endothelium in response to injury. Restenosis after balloon angioplasty is thought to represent the response to vascular injury. The role of cell adhesion in this process is unclear. Methods and Results This study was performed in New Zealand White rabbits that underwent balloon angioplasty of the iliac artery. Expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin on endothelium was determined by immunohistochemistry and increased at 6 hours with a peak expression 24 to 48 hours after balloon injury, returning to baseline by 1 week. The expression of L-selectin on circulating leukocytes, measured by flow cytometry, was significantly increased at 48 hours, with return to baseline by 1 week. In seven animals, the selectins were blocked with an analogue of sialyl-Lewis X given as an IV bolus of 10 mg/kg followed by 2 mg · kg −1 · h −1 IP infusion for 7 days. After 4 weeks, compared with control animals, the study group had a larger lumen area (57.7 versus 44.7 mm 2 , P &lt;.05), smaller intima area (9.0 versus 19.2 mm 2 , P &lt;.01), smaller intima/media ratio (0.4 versus 1.0, P &lt;.01), and a smaller percent area stenosis (15.6% versus 34.3%, P &lt;.01). Conclusions The cell adhesion molecules E-selectin and L-selectin are expressed after balloon injury. Blockade of the selectins has a favorable effect on the response to vascular injury.
Pharmacological inhibition of Frizzled-7 displays anti-tumor properties in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sarah Beseme Nambotin, Lydie Lefrancois, Xavier Sainsily, Pascale Berthillon, Miran Kim, Jack R. Wands, Michele Chevallier, Pierre Jalinot, Jean-Yves Scoazec, Christian Trepo, Fabien Zoulim, Philippe Merle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
How evidence based are public health policies for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV?
Authors: P. V. d. Perre, T. Tylleskar, J.-F. Delfraissy, N. Nagot
Journal: BMJ (2013)

WHO is due to issue new guidelines on preventing transmission of HIV from mother to child at the end of June. <b>Philippe Van de Perre and colleagues </b>argue that recommendations have gone ahead of the evidence and call for a more cautious approach
541 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS: A NOVEL ROLE FOR PD-1 AND GALECTIN-9?
Authors: L.J. Markwick, J.M. Ryan, E. Palma, H. Cooksley, T.H. Tranah, N. Vergis, R. Williams, A. Evans, D.L. Shawcross, S. Chokshi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Extraction of surgical clip-induced “lollipop” choledocholithiasis
Authors: J. Munoz, I. Rascon-Aguilar, L. Lambiase, Z. Awad, K. Vega
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Foreign bodies arising from migrated surgical clips in the common bile duct (CBD) are rare. These usually occur following a cholecystectomy, with gallstone formation around the migrated surgical clip [1] [2] [3]. We describe the first successful endoscopic extraction, without sphincterotomy, of choledocholithiasis induced by a surgical clip. With the use of a balloon dilator and rat-tooth forceps, a complex CBD stone/foreign body was removed without complications.
Optimising risk stratification in primary biliary cirrhosis: AST/platelet ratio index predicts outcome independent of ursodeoxycholic acid response
Authors: Palak J Trivedi, Tony Bruns, Angela Cheung, Ka-Kit Li, Clemens Kittler, Teru Kumagi, Husnain Shah, Christopher Corbett, Nadya Al-Harthy, Unsal Acarsu, Catalina Coltescu, Dhiraj Tripathi, Andreas Stallmach, James Neuberger, Harry L A Janssen, Gideon M Hirschfield
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Treatment Failure After Substitution of Generic Pancrelipase Capsules
Authors: Leslie Hendeles
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Pancreatic enzyme products are formulated, manufactured, and sold without submitting efficacy or bioavailability data to the Food and Drug Administration because of a quirk in the law. We documented therapeutic failures in three patients with cystic fibrosis after pharmacists substituted generic pancrelipase capsules for the Pancrease brand. Gastrointestinal symptoms and fat malabsorption rapidly resolved after therapy was reinstituted with brand name products. In vitro analysis indicated that after 1 hour of exposure to simulated gastric fluid, lipase activity was less than 200 U per capsule from all three generic capsules dispensed to the patients compared with 6820 U per capsule from Pancrease. These data indicate that the enteric coating of the generic product was defective and that the substituted product was not bioequivalent to the prescribed brand. We conclude that the Food and Drug Administration should institute regulations over this group of products.
Rapid Screening for Cold Agglutinins in Pneumonia
Authors: JOHN P. GRIFFIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A cold agglutinin screening test showed reactivity in 12% of 507 patients with primary atypical pneumonia. By comparison with a quantitative cold agglutinin procedure simultaneously performed, it was shown that this screening method was sensitive to a titer of 64 or greater with a high order of specificity. The utility of this rapid, easily performed cold agglutinin test in the detection of treatable Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in office or hospital practice is described.
EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN SALT-FED, HYPERTENSION-PRONE RATS
Authors: Junichi Iwai, Knud D. Knudsen, Lewis K. Dahl, Lorraine Tassinari
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

In adrenalectomized, genetically hypertension-prone rats, a high degree of correlation was found between evidence of functioning adrenal tissue and the development of salt hypertension. There is considerable evidence that some rats have the capacity to regenerate functioning adrenal cortical tissue from accessory glands and microscopic rests, sometimes in remote locations. Therefore, the criteria for continued absence of adrenal function after surgical adrenalectomy are critical. In this study we used three tests to validate the presence, or absence, of adrenal function: (a) a biochemical test, the quantitative, serial measurement of plasma glucocorticoids in individual rats; (b) a physiological test, the ability to survive a virtually sodium-free diet; and (c) the anatomical search for histological evidence of adrenal cortical tissue. Among those animals that developed hypertension after adrenalectomy, the correlation between plasma steroid concentration and blood pressure was statistically significant. We suspect that this correlation exists only during the period when cortical tissue is regenerating; it does not exist among intact animals with and without hypertension induced by salt. It was concluded that some adrenocortical function is necessary for salt hypertension to develop. The evidence was insufficient to settle the question whether the action of corticosteroids is causative, or whether they play a supporting, although necessary, role for an extraadrenal hypertensinogenic factor to become manifest.