tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VITAMIN C IN RELATION TO EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Albert B. Sabin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

In the experiments reported in the present communication it was found that vitamin C, both natural and synthetic preparations, had no effect on the course of experimental poliomyelitis induced by nasal instillation of the virus. The objection cannot be raised that too large an amount of virus was used, since recent studies (3) on the fate of the nasally instilled virus indicated that all but an undetectable amount of it is swallowed and disappears from the nasal mucosa within 3 hours or less, and that none is demonstrable in the central nervous system before the 3rd day. Vitamin C administration was begun immediately after the instillation of virus and if it were capable of exerting any effect on the virus or the tissues it could have done so even before multiplication of virus had begun. Monkeys whose store of vitamin C was depleted reacted in the same way as those receiving an adequate diet. There is no apparent explanation for the difference between these results and those reported earlier by Jungeblut (1,2). During the present investigation it was found that monkeys on a scorbutic diet died of spontaneous acute infections, chiefly pneumonia and enterocolitis, while their mates receiving an adequate diet remained well. The surviving monkeys on the scorbutic diet developed the osseous and other changes of human scurvy, and the vitamin C used in this study was shown to produce healing and calcification in the bones as well as to check the edema and hemorrhagic diathesis.
Aspirin, like all other drugs, is a poison
Authors: M. R Tramer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers p 1183 

Aspirin is an old drug. Some 2000 years ago the Greeks used the bark and leaves of the willow tree (which contains salicylic acid) to relieve pain and fever. At the end of the 19th century acetyl salicylic acid started being produced on an industrial scale and aspirin soon became a widely used painkiller. In the late 1960s it was found that a single dose of aspirin irreversibly inhibits the normal aggregation of platelets by suppressing the cycloxygenase mediated synthesis of thromboxane A2. The effect of aspirin persists until newly formed platelets have been released; their biological lifespan is about nine days.

Sometimes, adverse drug reactions can be turned to advantage, and the antithrombotic effects of aspirin have been widely exploited. Aspirin has been given successfully both to healthy people and to patients with coronary artery disease to prevent myocardial infarction, to patients with acute myocardial infarction to reduce vascular mortality, to patients with atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke and systemic embolism, and to patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack to prevent further ischaemic events.1-5

It has been suggested that aspirin should be …
More surveillance of drugs is needed to protect public
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Doctors need to take the risk of psychiatric side effects from prescription drugs far more seriously than they currently do—and to be prepared to listen to patients who report adverse reactions to treatment.

That was the message from a one day conference held in London last week by the charity the Adverse Psychiatric Reactions Information Link (APRIL). The organisation was set up in 1998 by Millie Kieve, whose daughter, Karen, died after falling from a window. Mrs Kieve is convinced that it was her daughter's reactions to various drugs—including sulfasalazine for Crohn's disease and, six years later, co-cyprindiol (Diannette) for hormonal problems—that were to blame for the breakdowns and attacks of psychosis that preceded her death.

Many people in the conference audience had experienced adverse psychiatric reactions themselves or cared for someone who had. They reported negative responses from doctors, who dismissed their concerns as “imagined” and were reluctant to listen to them.

Charles Medawar, coauthor of a controversial study of adverse reactions to antidepressants reported by the …
Polyneuritis and oral contraceptives.
Authors: C. D. Strang
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRiTisH 879 but when assessing symptoms that are by definition subjective the patients' opinions are of importance.'Whether or not symptomatic improvement correlates with objective measurements is another matter.It would appear to be particularly important to consider patients' opinions in fluctua- ting conditions such as bronchospasm, where they may well be able to give an overall im- pression of their clinical condition during a period of time, while isolated objective tests only give information on a few minutes separated by many weeks.Another example occurred in the same issue of the B.M.7. in a review of inhaled steroids for asthma (" Any Questions ?" 18 September, p. 691).Admittedly the trials quoted differed in many ways, but the studies relying mainly on subjective assessments2-5 found that inhalations of hydrocortisone acetate were significantly better than placebo while trials utilizing isolated lung function tests'7 were unable to demonstrate a difference between the two regimens.In the trial of breathing exercises it is possible that cough and sputum were worse in the treated group owing to the higher incidence of colds (58% as opposed to 40%), and that the patients took this into considera- tion when they declared an overall improve- ment in the symptom of dyspnoea after breathing exercises.It was, of course, impossible to conduct a double-blind trial on breathing exercises, and Stewart and Anderson8 are probably quite correct in stating that such exercises produce little or no benefit and that apparent im- provement was due to gratitude for extra attention.Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that in trials of this sort where assessments of subjective symptoms are made over a prolonged period due weight should be given to patients' opinions, as isolated objective tests have considerable limitations.-Iam, etc.,
THE SPECIFICITY OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS
Authors: S. B. Salvin, R. F. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Guinea pigs sensitized with either hen, duck, or goose egg albumin showed delayed hypersensitivity followed by Arthus reactions to the homologous antigen, but tended to have much weaker delayed responses and slower antibody formation to heterologous antigens. Guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity to one of the avian antigens had a slower antibody response to a secondary injection of heterologous antigen than to one of the homologous antigen. Sensitization with a protein conjugated with a hapten such as picryl chloride (Pi) or dinitrofluorobenzene (DFB) resulted in delayed hypersensitivity to the homologous conjugate, the homologous protein, and the homologous protein with a heterologous hapten. Circulating antibody and Arthus reactions occurred subsequently to the homologous conjugate, as well as to the homologous hapten attached to a heterologous protein. Delayed hypersensitivity thus seemed associated with the protein moiety, and Arthus responses with the hapten. Anamnestic responses followed injection of an antigen causing delayed hypersensitivity, but not of a hapten not causing delayed reactions. Thus, animals sensitized initially with Pi.HEA, DFB.HEA, or HEA produced antibodies sooner after a secondary injection of Pi.HEA than did unsensitized animals. No anamnestic response resulted when animals sensitized to Pi.BGG were injected with Pi.HEA. Thus, delayed hypersensitivity is indicated to be a preliminary and immature step in the immune process, with specificity directed against broad, more general features of the protein antigen. This intermediate step is followed by production of circulating antibody to any antigen having a similar basic structure, with the specificity of the antibody also directed against smaller immunologically active sites on the antigen molecule.
MORE CONTRACT SURGEONS
Authors: H. H. Hazen
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A new call for medical men for the Army has gone forth. There are many physicians who are over the age limit and yet who are able to do much work; there are others who have some slight physical defect, others who are financially unable to enlist, and finally a large class of medical teachers, who are practically the cream of the profession, and yet who are urgently needed for the training of medical students. Near many of the cantonments and camps are great medical centers or large cities, and from these a large number of physicians could be recruited for half-time medical work; they could supervise much of the work in the Army camps just as they do in civilian hospitals. Therefore would it not be wise to appoint some of these men, including specialists, as contract surgeons to give a certain proportion of their time
Isotype profile and clinical relevance of anticardiolipin antibodies in Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: A Jedryka-Goral, P Jagiello, D P D'Cruz, H Maldykowa, M A Khamashta, G R Hughes, G T Swana, S Luft
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and clinical value of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with Sjögren9s syndrome. Thirty one patients with primary Sjögren9s syndrome (all women, mean (SD) age 48.3 (11.2) years) and 32 patients with secondary Sjögren9s syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis (all women, mean (SD) age 54.9 (11) years) were studied. IgG, IgM, and IgA anticardiolipin antibodies were determined by a standard enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Anticardiolipin antibodies were found in five patients (16%) with primary Sjögren9s syndrome and in seven patients (22%) with secondary Sjögren9s syndrome. There was no correlation between anticardiolipin antibodies and the clinical features of the antiphospholipid syndrome (thrombotic events, fetal loss, thrombocytopenia) or extraglandular manifestations of Sjögren9s syndrome (arthritis, skin lesions, myositis, polyneuropathy, central nervous system disease, pulmonary and renal disease) in either group. Among the various serological features studied, anticardiolipin antibodies correlated with antinuclear antibodies and antibodies to RNP only in patients with primary Sjögren9s syndrome. These results indicate that although anticardiolipin antibodies are often found in serum samples from patients with Sjögren9s syndrome, their clinical significance remains unclear.
Correction: Table 2 in National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XV
Authors: Christian M. Schmidt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1990Correction: Table 2 in National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XVChristian M. SchmidtChristian M. SchmidtSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-3-236_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:There is an error in Table 2 of National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XV. A decade of change in Residency Training in Internal Medicine (1). In Table 2, the data in the first column (headed "Total, n") should be under the heading "MD." The data in the second column (headed "MD") should be under the heading "DO." The data in the third column (headed "DO") should be under the heading "Total, n."...Reference1. Andersen R, Lyttle C, Kohrman C, Levey G, and Glen C National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XV. A decade of change in residency training in internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:922-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Christian M. Schmidt PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1990Volume 112, Issue 3Page: 236-236KeywordsResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Gene-grafting experiments produce both high hopes and grave worries
Authors: G. McBride
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coronary Artery Occlusion in the Conscious Dog
Authors: ELDON R. SMITH, DAVID R. REDWOOD, WILLIAM E. MCCARRON, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Nitroglycerin is generally believed to be contraindicated during acute myocardial infarction because the resultant decrease in coronary perfusion pressure and reflex tachycardia might extend the area of ischemia. To determine the effects of nitroglycerin and alterations in arterial pressure on the degree of myocardial ischemia, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for repeated 15-min periods in closed-chest conscious dogs. The degree of myocardial ischemia was estimated by summating the S-T segment elevation (∑ST) recorded from 12 myocardial electrodes. Although heart rate increased and arterial pressure decreased, ∑ST after 15 min of coronary occlusion was 14 ± 3 mv ( P &lt; 0.02) less during nitroglycerin therapy than during control occlusions. When the same alteration in arterial pressure was produced by venous hemorrhage, ∑ST tended to be greater than during control occlusions (+14 ± 7 mv, ns ); the difference between the nitroglycerin and hemorrhage interventions was highly significant (28 ± 9 mv, P &lt; 0.02). ∑ST was also less than control when phenylephrine was administered in doses sufficient to increase arterial pressure 25 mm Hg (–16 ± 3 mv, P &lt; 0.005) and 50 mm Hg (–15 ± 2 mv, P &lt; 0.001). When the decrease in arterial pressure and reflex tachycardia induced by nitroglycerin were reversed by simultaneous infusion of methoxamine, ∑ST was greatly reduced from control (–50 ± 16 mv, P &lt; 0.02) and was significantly less than that occurring during nitroglycerin alone (–25 ± 5 mv, P &lt; 0.001). We conclude that nitroglycerin may be a useful agent during acute myocardial infarction, particularly when the fall in coronary perfusion pressure and increase in heart rate are prevented by the simultaneous administration of an alpha-adrenergic agonist.
Results of eVALuate study of hysterectomy techniques: High rate of complications needs explanation
Authors: J Donnez, J Squifflet, P Jadoul, M Smets
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Random drug testing in schools fails screening criteriaEditor-Last month the prime minister, Tony Blair, lent his weight to random drug testing in schools in an interview for a downmarket newspaper. 1He proposed a national programme be implemented soon, adhering to unspecified central directives.The Department of Health has 19 criteria for introducing new screening programmes. 2 At least 18 of these 19 criteria are not met for widespread, wide spectrum drug urine analysis in schools.The remaining criterion is that the condition is an important health problem.Drug use in young people is indeed associated with many health risks, 3 but a single, positive urine test, for any illicit drug, is probably not meaningful in a clinical sense.Each schoolchild's context of use (family history, social and emotional development) is crucial to interpreting any supposed "drug career."Use by a homeless pregnant teenage runaway from local authority care with a history of deliberate self harm and high risk sex work to pay for her drugs may be very different from a single experimental use at home with adults during a family party.Three failed criteria are especially pertinent to screening for school age drug use:(1) There should be an agreed policy on the further diagnostic investigation of people with a positive test result and on the choices available to them.(2) There should be an effective treatment or intervention for patients identified through early detection.(3) Clinical management of the condition and patient outcomes should be optimised by all healthcare providers before participation in a screening programme.In three years of experience of school health provision for alcohol and drug problems and their related referral networks I do not know of one school that could satisfy these criteria, especially the underpinning policy of promoting informed choice for children and families. 2
Beyond clinical evidence
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Everyone agrees we want good evidence to inform patient care, especially for those problems that are most common. Studies like the two in this issue on head lice treatment (p 446, p 451) help primary care clinicians and patients decide what to do. Similarly, Hanna Kaduszkiewicz and colleagues' systematic review of the effectiveness of drug treatment of Alzheimer's disease (p 459) will serve to decrease our expectations that significant benefits accrue from currently available cholinesterase inhibitors.

But we need evidence about more than which …
Altered interaction of FKBP12.6 with ryanodine receptor as a cause of abnormal Ca2+ release in heart failure
Authors: Kaoru Ono, Masafumi Yano, Tomoko Ohkusa, Masateru Kohno, Takayuki Hisaoka, Taketo Tanigawa, Shigeki Kobayashi, Michihuro Kohno, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Little information is available as to the Ca2+ release function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in heart failure. We assessed whether the alteration in this function in heart failure is related to a change in the role of FK binding protein (FKBP), which is tightly coupled with the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR) and recently identified as a modulatory protein acting to stabilize the gating function of RyR. Methods: SR vesicles were isolated from dog LV muscles [normal (N), n = 6; heart failure induced by 3-weeks pacing (HF), n = 6]. The time course of the SR Ca2+ release was continuously monitored using a stopped-flow apparatus, and [3H]ryanodine-binding and [3H]dihydro-FK506-binding assays were also performed. Results: FK506, which specifically binds to FKBP12.6 and dissociates it from RyR, decreased the polylysine-induced enhancement of [3H]ryanodine-binding by 38% in N (P<0.05) but it had no effect in HF. In HF, the rate constant for the polylysine-induced Ca2+ release from the SR was 61% smaller than in N. FK506 decreased the rate constant for the polylysine-induced Ca2+ release by 67% in N (P<0.05) but had no effect in HF. The [3H]dihydro-FK506-binding assay revealed that the number (Bmax) of FKBPs was decreased by 83% in HF (P<0.05), while the Kd value was unchanged. FK506 did not significantly change SR Ca2+.-ATPase activity in either N or HF. Conclusions: In HF, the number of FKBPs showed a tremendous decrease; this may underlie the RyR-channel instability and the impairment of the Ca2+ release function of RyR seen in the failing heart.
Discontinuation of aspirin for secondary prevention
Authors: G. Biondi-Zoccai, G. Landoni
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Patients should be advised never to stop aspirin unless explicitly told to do so

Is aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) the wonder drug it is purported to be? It prevents atherothrombotic cardiovascular events, colorectal cancer, and venous thromboembolism and is cheap, effective, and safe.1 2 3 It has even been claimed that all elderly people should receive low dose aspirin plus other cardioprotective agents blended into a suitable polypill.4 The drawbacks are that the effects of aspirin vary greatly between individuals,5 and its role in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (in those without a clinical history of cardiovascular disease) has been challenged in several subsets of patients, including those with diabetes and peripheral artery disease.1

So what happens when aspirin is discontinued in patients with existing cardiovascular disease?6 In the linked case-control study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d4094), Garcia Rodriguez and colleagues assess the effect of withdrawal of low dose (75-300 mg/day) aspirin in UK general practice when it has originally been prescribed for …
Management of Surgical Complications
Authors: Alvin M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The editorial genius of Artz and Hardy is dramatically illustrated in the third edition of this classic work. The list of contributors, numbering forty-two, reads like a "Who's Who in American Surgery." Each subject is presented by a leading authority and includes, to name a few, Frank Glenn (complications of biliary tract surgery), William McDermott (liver failure and shunt surgery), Lloyd Nyhus (hernia), Claude Welch (colon and rectal surgery), William Altemeier (appendectomy), Curtis Artz (burns), James Jude (cardiac resuscitation), and James Hardy (gastric surgery complications). Each chapter is an exciting yet sophisticated review of data in easily read form. The "complications" are not only those following technical, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures (bronchoscopy, cholecystectomy, vascular procedures, etc) but those associated with surgical disorders themselves (burns, malnutrition, venous thromboses). Chapters devoted to surgical infection, shock, parenteral fluid therapy, renal insufficiency, and cardiac arrest and resuscitation are invaluable reference sources. Although primarily directed
Vagaries of Standard Operative Procedures
Authors: W. J. Rothrock
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the article "Disaster Medicine" (<b>197</b>:1081-1084, 1966) the following statement appears: "For example, one good SOP might be worded as follows: 'The primary treatment of wounds consists of immediate aseptic cleansing and debridement. All wounds must be dressed open for at least three days.' " I believe I know what this statement means. To me it means that wounds encountered during times of disaster or war should not be sutured, that they should be unsutured and left to drain for a period of at least three days. However, I consulted my two medical colleagues plus my staff of ten nurses and I asked them to tell me what this statement meant in connection with disaster medicine. All stated that this meant that no dressing should be put on the wound. Not one of them said that it meant that the wound should not be sutured. I realize