tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sharing of Specific Antigens by Degenerating Neurons in Pick's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: C.G. Rasool, Dennis J. Selkoe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

NEUROPATHOLOGICAL studies during the past 15 years have established that dementia of the Alzheimer type, or Alzheimer's disease, is the most common cause of intellectual failure in the elderly, accounting for approximately 60 per cent of all cases of senile dementia.1 2 3 Alzheimer's disease is now believed to be the fourth or fifth most frequent cause of nonaccidental death in the United States.3 Pick's disease4 is a degenerative dementia that is much less common than Alzheimer's disease but is similarly characterized by massive accumulations of abnormal protein fibers in selected neurons.Pick's disease and Alzheimer's disease have classically been considered to . . .
A Clinical Comparison of 99mTc-Hydroxyethylidene Diphosphonate (H.E.D.P.) and 99mTc-Pyrophosphate in the Detection of Bone Metastases
Authors: I FOGELMAN, J H McKILLOP, D L CITRIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Previous pharmacological studies have suggested that diphosphonates are superior bone scanning agents than pyrophosphate. The bone images obtained with both 99mTc-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate and 99mTc-pyrophosphate were compared in a clinical study of 11 patients with bone metastases. The images obtained with H.E.D.P. were subjectively superior, and the total number of lesions detected was greater than with PYRO. In addition, higher tumour:normal bone ratios were obtained with H.E.D.P. The superior pharmacological properties of H.E.D.P. appear to give this agent a clinically important advantage in lesion detection when compared with PYRO.
I-123 Uptake by Intrathoracic Stomach
Authors: M Michael Sathekge, Neo P. Mokgoro, Philisiwe Mpikashe, Ouma E. Ramafi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 40-year-old man who had a total thyroidectomy 3 years earlier for follicular carcinoma of the thyroid received 100 mCi I-131 for ablation. Follow-up I-123 total-body scan showed successful thyroid gland ablation, but also showed persistent stomach activity in the esophageal bed. The patient had resection of esophageal cancer and the stomach was reconstructed in the esophageal bed 7 years prior to the diagnosis of follicular carcinoma. These findings demonstrate well-documented physiologic uptake in the gastric mucosa, which can lead to misinterpretations.
387 HEPATITIS DELTA IN FRANCE: RESULTS IN 188 PATIENTS ON THE FRENCH HEPATITIS DELTA NETWORK
Authors: P. Renard, C. Casteneau, N. Ganne, J. Gournay, S. Pol, D. Capron, J.-D. Grange, D. Roullot, C. Eugene, O. Goria, J. Denis, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Psychiatric Research in a General Hospital
Authors: Henry M. Fox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE Psychiatric Unit attached to the Medical Service has been in operation at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital for seven years.‡ During the first five years, experimentation with the teaching of so-called "integrated" medical practice led to certain conclusions concerning what should be taught and how best to teach it.1 Integrated medicine attempts to balance specialization by reviving the attitude of the family physician. Interest is focused on the patient afflicted with disease rather than on a disease illustrated by a patient.The members of the Psychiatric Unit serve as consultants on the medical and surgical wards. They also help . . .
Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases. Volume IV: Tumors of the Breast, Chest, and Esophagus
Authors: T. Howard Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This excellent volume follows the general format used in the earlier volumes of this series. It covers in detail various aspects of the surgical, roentgenological, hormonal, and chemotherapeutic management of patients with tumors of the breast, chest, and esophagus. The editors have written excellent survey chapters covering the general principles of treatment and the prognosis in cancer of the breast and lung. Beyond these two chapters, there is little editorial comment in the text. When alternative methods of treatment are proposed, the editors have let each author present his own method, leaving it to the judgment of the reader to determine its relative merit. Thus, there are three chapters by different authors on various types of radical mastectomy. Similarly, the anterior and prone approach for pulmonary surgery and the right- and left-sided approach to the thoracic esophagus are discussed separately. Philosophical discussions, such as those involving the unresolved controversy over
Metabolic Control in 131 Juvenile-onset Diabetic Patients as Measured by HbA1c: Relation to Age, Duration, C-Peptide, Insulin Dose, and One or Two Insulin Injections
Authors: G Dahlquist, L Blom, P Bolme, L Hagenfeldt, F Lindgren, B Persson, B Thalme, M Theorell, S Westin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c), considered to reflect long-term metabolic control of diabetes, was analyzed in 131 patients, aged 2 5/12–19 6/12 yr, with juvenile-onset diabetes. Using stepwise multiple regression HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate were analyzed as dependent variables versus independent variables such as age of the patients, duration of the disease, level of plasma immunoreactive C-peptide (IRCP), insulin dose, and number of insulin injections (one or two) per day. HbA1c was inversely related only to IRCP concentration. A low but significant, positive correlation was found between HbA1c and the duration of diabetes. Stepwise addition of the other independent variables did not further increase the fraction of explained variance. HbA1c was also correlated with a subjective rating score of the metabolic control performed by the treating physician. Fasting plasma glucose was significantly related to HbA1c but not to any of the independent variables. Fasting 3-hydroxybutyrate showed an inverse correlation to the age of the patient. The present study showed that in juvenile-onset diabetic patients, endogenous insulin secretion as reflected by IRCP was the factor best correlated with a low level of HbA1c. After the cessation of endogenous insulin secretion, there is a progressive deterioration of metabolic control and multiple injections of insulin rather than one or two per day may be needed to reach optimal control in the patients.
The Smaller the Cancer, the Bigger the Operation?
Authors: George Crile
Journal: JAMA (1967)

For many years, surgeons have accepted the old maxim that the smaller the cancer, the bigger the operation should be. It has been said that the chances of cure are best when a small cancer, without apparent metastasis, is treated by wide removal of the primary tumor and the lymphatics and lymph nodes that drain it. On the other hand, many surgeons believe that patients with advanced cancers that have metastasized extensively to nodes often should be treated palliatively by relatively small operations. There is mounting evidence from the field of immunology that the old adages are false and their opposites may be true. It now seems that removal of uninvolved regional nodes that drain small tumors may lower the patient's immunologic resistance to the implantation and growth of distant metastases. On the other hand, radical removal of large cancers and the nodes to which they have metastasized may prolong
Extracorporeal Life Support
Authors: Robert H. Bartlett, Dietrich W. Roloff, Joseph R. Custer, John G. Younger, Ronald B. Hirschl
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The University of Michigan experience with extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in 1000 consecutive patients between 1980 and 1998 is the largest series at one institution in the world. Among this patient population, survival to hospital discharge in moribund patients with respiratory failure was 88% in 586 neonates, 70% in 132 children, and 56% in 146 adults. Survival in moribund patients with cardiac failure was 48% in 105 children and 33% in 31 adults. This article describes the University of Michigan's overall ECLS patient experience, the progression of ECLS from laboratory experiments to clinical application at the bedside, the expansion of the technology to other centers, and current ECLS technology and outcomes. Despite the challenges faced in clinical research in this field, our experience and that of others has shown that ECLS saves lives of patients with acute cardiac or pulmonary failure in a variety of clinical settings.
Pulmonary Tumor Embolism Derived From Stomach Cancer Observation With Serial 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Seunghyeon Shin, Kyoungjune Pak, Seong-Jang Kim, Heeyoung Kim, So Jung Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Stomach cancer is one of malignancies that may result in pulmonary tumor embolism. Pulmonary tumor embolism commonly presents with dyspnea and cor pulmonale signs. We report serial observations of pulmonary tumor embolism with 18F-FDG PET/CT. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan showed chronological changes of FDG uptake in both lung fields.
Progressive extensive osteoma cutis associated with dysmorphic features: a new syndrome? Case report and review of the literature
Authors: M.D.P. Davis, M.R. Pittelkow, N.M. Lindor, C.E. Lundstrom, L.A. Fitzpatrick
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Progressive extensive osteoma cutis associated with dysmorphic features: a new syndrome? Case report and review of the literature Get access M.D.P. Davis, M.D.P. Davis Department of Dermatology Dr Mark D.P.Davis. E‐mail: davis.mark2@mayo.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.R. Pittelkow, M.R. Pittelkow Department of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.M. Lindor, N.M. Lindor Department of Medical Genetics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.E. Lundstrom, C.E. Lundstrom Division of General Internal Medicine, and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.A. Fitzpatrick L.A. Fitzpatrick Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 6, 1 June 2002, Pages 1075–1080, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04674.x Published: 01 June 2002 Article history Accepted: 08 November 2001 Published: 01 June 2002
Cyclooxygenase-1 Is a Potential Target for Prevention and Treatment of Ovarian Epithelial Cancer
Authors: Takiko Daikoku, Dingzhi Wang, Susanne Tranguch, Jason D. Morrow, Sandra Orsulic, Raymond N. DuBois, Sudhansu K. Dey
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The precise genetic and molecular defects underlying epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain largely unknown, and treatment options for patients with advanced disease are limited. Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Whereas overwhelming evidence suggests a role for COX-2 in a variety of cancers, the contribution of COX-1 remains much less explored. The expression status of COX isoforms in ovarian cancers also remains confusing. We have previously shown that human epithelial ovarian tumors have increased levels of COX-1 but not COX-2. To more carefully examine the role of COXs in ovarian cancer, we used a mouse model of EOC in which genetic and oncogenic modifications were experimentally engineered into ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE) thought to be the cells of origin for human EOC. These OSE cells produce tumors when allografted into host mice. Using multiple approaches, we observed that OSE cells and the tumors comprised of these cells express high levels of COX-1 but not COX-2. Prostacyclin (PGI2) is the major prostaglandin generated downstream of COX-1 in these cells, and SC-560, a COX-1-selective inhibitor, dramatically inhibits PGI2 production. More importantly, SC-560 reduced the growth of tumors when OSE cells were allografted in nude female mice. In contrast, the COX-2-selective inhibitor celecoxib had little effect on tumor growth. The growth inhibitory effects of SC-560 result from reduced cell proliferation and/or accelerated apoptosis. Our results imply COX-1 as a target for the prevention and/or treatment of EOC.
Teaching children basic life support skills
Authors: Ian Maconochie, Sheila Simpson, Bob Bingham
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Can improve outcomes but implementation needs to be earlier and more widespread

Basic life support performed by bystanders improves outcomes in cardiorespiratory collapse, yet less than 1% of the general population can perform it effectively. It has been estimated that if 15-20% of the population could perform basic life support, out of hospital mortality could be significantly reduced.1 The most effective way of achieving this is to teach this technique in schools, making it a “life skill.”

In this week's BMJ , a study by Jones and colleagues assesses the effect of a basic life support programme on the ability of children to administer effective chest compressions on a manikin.2 Of the three age groups compared (9-10, 11-12, 13-14 years), only children aged over 13 years could perform chest compressions to the recommended depth of 38-51 mm as effectively as adults. However, younger children could place their hands in …
Keratinocytes express fibrillin and assemble microfibrils: implications for dermal matrix organization
Authors: S.L. HAYNES, C.A. SHUTTLEWORTH, C.M. KIELTY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Fibrillin–containing microfibrils are key architectural structures of the upper dermis and integral components of the dermal elastic fibre network. Microfibril bundles intercalate into the dermal—epithelial junction and provide an elastic connection between the dermal elastic fibre network and the epidermis. Immunohistochemical studies have suggested that they are laid down both at the dermal—epithelial junction and in the deep dermis. While dermal fibroblasts are responsible for deposition of the elastin and microfibrillar components that comprise the elastic fibres of the deep dermis, the cellular origin of the microfibril bundles that extrude from the dermal—epithelial junction is not well defined. We have used fresh tissues, freshlyisolated epidermis and primary human and porcine keratinocyte cultures to investigate the possibility that keratinocytes are responsible for deposition of these microfibrils. We have shown that keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro synthesize both fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2, and assemble beaded microfibrils concurrently with expression of basement membrane collagen. These observations suggest that keratinocytes co-ordinate the secretion, deposition and assembly of these distinct structural elements of the dermal matrix, and have important implications for skin remodelling.
The Physician's Ethical Obligation to Take Care of Patients in Times of Plague
Authors: John B. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As public awareness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reaches higher levels, we as physicians are being called on through increasing numbers of articles and editorials<sup>1-4</sup>to stand bravely in the face of this disease and to uphold our oath to treat patients regardless of personal risk. Descriptions of the American response to AIDS include terms such as "hysteria" and "irrational fear," and we are told that physicians are behaving less than admirably. While I believe we have an ethical obligation to treat patients with AIDS, let us not view it through rose-colored glasses. Dr Dan<sup>3</sup> See also p 1357. suggests that the chance of infection is "slight," and that the risk is "minuscule." I hope he is correct in these statements, but I suggest it may be too early to know. Researchers have been studying the natural history of hepatitis B since 1956 and continue
Intensive Insulin Therapy in Intensive Care: An Example of the Struggle to Implement Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Marcus J Schultz, Annick A. N. M Royakkers, Marcel Levi, Hazra S Moeniralam, Peter E Spronk
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

A long with improving patients' safety and reducing medical errors, one of the main challenges in medicine is implementing new strategies that have the potential to improve health outcomes. After the process of critically appraising clinical trials has finished, and the results of this appraisal are used to guide changes in clinical practice, it is then time to critically appraise the success of implementation.
Contagious Acute Gastrointestinal Infections
Authors: Daniel M. Musher, Benjamin L. Musher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The epidemiology of acute gastrointestinal illness is complex. The relevant infectious agents may spread from person to person or they may be acquired from a common food or environmental source, often water, but also from animal exposure. This article examines direct human-to-human spread of acute gastrointestinal illness, defined as a syndrome of vomiting, diarrhea, or both that begins abruptly in otherwise healthy persons and is most often self-limited.
Hyponatraemia and death or permanent brain damage in healthy children.
Authors: A. I. Arieff, J. C. Ayus, C. L. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To determine if hyponatraemia causes permanent brain damage in healthy children and, if so, if the disorder is primarily limited to females, as occurs in adults.Prospective clinical case study of 16 affected children and a review of 24,412 consecutive surgical admissions at one medical centre.16 children (nine male, seven female; age 7 (SD 5) years) with generally minor illness were electively hospitalised for primary care. Consultation was obtained for the combination of respiratory arrest with symptomatic hyponatraemia (serum sodium concentration less than or equal to 128 mmol/l).Presence, gender distribution, and classification of permanent brain damage in children with symptomatic hyponatraemia in both prospective and retrospective studies.By retrospective evaluation the incidence of postoperative hyponatraemia among 24,412 patients was 0.34% (83 cases) and mortality of those afflicted was 8.4% (seven deaths). In the prospective population the serum sodium concentration on admission was 138 (SD 2) mmol/l. From three to 120 inpatient hours after hypotonic fluid administration patients developed progressive lethargy, headache, nausea, and emesis with an explosive onset of respiratory arrest. At the time serum sodium concentration was 115 (7) mmol/l and arterial oxygen tension 6 (1.5) kPa. The hyponatraemia was primarily caused by extrarenal loss of electrolytes with replacement by hypotonic fluids. All 16 patients had cerebral oedema detected at either radiological or postmortem examination. All 15 patients not treated for their hyponatraemia in a timely manner either died or were permanently incapacitated by brain damage. The only patient treated in a timely manner was alive but mentally retarded.Symptomatic hyponatraemia can result in high morbidity in children of both genders, which is due in large part to inadequate brain adaptation and lack of timely treatment.
Production of Calciphylactic Facial, Oesophageal, and Mediastinal Lesions by Combined Treatment with Dihydrotachysterol and Thorium Dioxide
Authors: H. Selye, G. Gentile, R. Veilleux
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Rats were sensitized by a single oral dose of dihydrotachysterol (DHT) and 24 hr later challenged by a single intravenous injection of a ThO/sub 2/ suspension (Thorotrast). The treatment induced multiple foci of calcification, connective tissue prolifuration, and infiltration with inflammatory cells, among which eosinophils and pseudoeosinophils predominated. The lesions tended to be selectively localized in the facial skin, soft palate, palatine arches, base of the tongue, esophagus, and mediastinal connectivetissue. The cutaneous changes thus produced resemble the calcareous form of scleroderma. Although heavy deposits of ThO/sub 2/ were microscopically visible in liver Kupffer cells and splenic phagocytes, calcium deposition never occurred in the liver and only occasionally in the periphery of the splenic Malpighian follicles. The lesions were accompanied by an intense acute osteitis fibrosa characterized by pronounced bone absorption with an abundance of osteoclasts, and fibrosis in the bone marrow. The bones of the rats treated with DHT alone showed no comparable lesions. The bone lesions result from an acute transposition of calcium from the skeleton into the affected soft tissues. The cutaneous lesions resemble the calcareous form of scleroderma. (H.H.D.)
THE PURITY OF COMMERCIAL SODIUM SALICYLATE
Authors: W. S. HILPERT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

While certain manufacturers lay great stress on the superiority of sodium salicylate made from oil of wintergreen or oil of birch, examination of the various pharmacopeias discloses the fact that in laying down the requirements for sodium salicylate no stipulation or reference is made as to its origin. Inasmuch as a considerable number of physicians have endorsed these claims the Committee on Therapeutic Research of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association undertook an investigation of the subject. Thus far two reports have been published: (1) the critical review of the literature by Eggleston,<sup>1</sup>which showed that in spite of the claims and intimations of some manufacturers the evidence in favor of salicylates made from natural oils is actually very slight and that the evidence against artificial salicylate is even less; and (2) the pharmacologic study by Waddell<sup>2</sup>which showed that there is no
Papulosquamous dermatoses of AIDS
Authors: Neil S. Sadick, N. Scott McNutt, Mark H. Kaplan
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)

We review the spectrum of papulosquamous disorders in the setting of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Included is a discussion of xerosis generalisata, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea-like eruption, keratoderma blennorrhagicum, acquired ichthyosis, and erythroderma. Mechanisms of pathogenesis, including possible common pathways and relationships to underlying immunosuppression, are emphasized.