tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Government decision to hand over GP negotiations branded "bizarre"
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A former GP negotiator has raised concerns over the government's proposal to transfer sensitive talks about family doctors' contracts to the NHS Confederation.

The health secretary, Alan Milburn, announced last week that civil servants would no longer be taking part in talks with members' of the BMA's General Practitioners Committee, as has been the case for many years.

Instead Mr Milburn will invite a team …
Self-monitoring, systems, and chronic disease
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2004)

We've all had patients who pay too much attention to their chronic conditions and breathlessly report every minor symptom or fluctuation. Others appear disconnected from their diseases and are genuinely surprised when informed that things aren't going well. In general, it seems desirable for patients to be actively involved in monitoring their health. But it turns out that if you have a chronic disease, sometimes it's a good idea to monitor yourself, and sometimes it may not be.

George Stergiou and …
Abstract 3850: CDKN2a deficiency exposes a requirement for RhoA in maintenance of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Georgia Konstantinidou, Francesca Torti, Kimberly Batten, John D. Minna, Jerry W. Shay, Pier Paolo Scaglioni
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death world-wide. Tumorigenesis is a multistep process that involves several genetic aberrations. For example, K-RAS (onc-K-RAS), the most commonly mutated oncogene in human cancer, is expressed in about 25% of NSCLC. In addition, NSCLC often carry mutations or epigenetic modifications that affect the expression of the CDKN2a locus, which comprises the p16INK4a and the p14ARF (p19ARF in mice) tumor suppressor genes, which in turn regulate the retinoblastoma and the p53 tumor suppressor pathways. NSCLC tumorigenesis is faithfully recapitulated in transgenic mice where onc-K-Ras expression invariably induces adenomas and, after a long latency, adenocarcinomas. To characterize the consequence of concomitant onc-K-RAS expression and CDKN2a inactivation, we generated p16CDK4/p19ARF null mice expressing onc-K-Ras in the respiratory epithelium. We determined that Cdkn2a deficiency promotes rapid progression of lung adenomas to adenocarcinomas, which display aggressive features. We determined the status of activation of oncogenic signaling networks downstream of onc-K-Ras with phosphospecific antibodies and by expression profiling. We discovered that NSCLC that arises in CDKN2A deficient mice display dysregulation of RhoA, a small GTPase implicated in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and motility of cancer cells in culture. These activities are pertinent to tumorigenesis, however it is not known whether RhoA plays a role in the maintenance of established tumors. Surprisingly, we determined that RhoA is required for the survival of NSCLC derived lines expressing onc-K-RAS and deficient for either INK4a or the p53 tumor suppressor both when cultured in vitro and as xenografts in vivo. Cell death was due to a proapoptotic program and was accompanied by disruption of the cytoskeleton. Moreover, by performing loss and gain of function experiments we identified focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein as the principal downstream target of RhoA responsible for this effect. Experiments in vivo with specific inhibitors are ongoing and will be presented at the meeting. Our findings reveal a previously unappreciated context dependent requirement of the RhoGTPase to maintain viability of established NSCLC. We propose that RhoA and its signaling network are novel therapeutic targets in NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3850. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3850
Capacity of Human Coronary Arteries
Authors: FELIX L. RODRIGUEZ, STANLEY L. ROBBINS, Olga F. Connolly
Journal: Circulation (1959)

A postmortem study of the capacity of the coronary arteries of 100 human hearts is presented. The volume of Schlesinger's barium sulfate-gelatin injection mass entering the coronary arterial tree under standard conditions was taken as a measure of its capacity. The factors analyzed include the weight of the heart in the normal and diseased state, the cross-sectional dimensions of the main coronary arteries near their origins, and the sex, age, and nutrition of the subjects.
Alcohol and Malnutrition in the Pathogenesis of Liver Disease
Authors: Charles S. Lieber
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Malnutrition is common among alcoholics because alcohol displaces protein-, vitamin-, and mineral-containing foods in the diet, and chronic alcohol consumption results in maldigestion and malabsorption of essential nutrients. In addition, alcohol exerts direct toxic effects on both the liver and gut, resulting in structural alterations in the intestine and the development of fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Liver injury is preceded by an adaptive phase characterized by accelerated metabolism of drugs (including ethanol), and hyperlipemia, secondary to hypertrophy and hyperactivity of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Side effects include enhanced hepatotoxicity of CCI4 and possibly energy wastage. Alcoholics should not be led to beleive that correction or prevention of nutritional deficiency will prevent liver damage in the face of continued alcohol abuse.
Geographical distribution of preconceptional radiation doses to fathers employed at the Sellafield nuclear installation, West Cumbria.
Authors: L Parker, A W Craft, J Smith, H Dickinson, R Wakeford, K Binks, D McElvenny, L Scott, A Slovak
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To examine whether the geographical distribution of births associated with preconceptional exposure of fathers to radiation at the Sellafield nuclear installation is consistent with the suggestion that this exposure explains the excess of childhood lymphoid malignancy in the adjacent village of Seascale.Retrospective birth cohort study.Cumbria, West Cumbria health district, and Seascale civil parish.The 10,363 children born in Cumbria during 1950-89 to fathers employed at Sellafield.The doses of external whole body ionising radiation received by fathers at Sellafield in the total time and in the six months before conception of their children; the proportions of the collective doses associated with Seascale and the rest of West Cumbria.9256 children were born to fathers who had been exposed to radiation before the child's conception. Of these, 7318 had fathers who were exposed in the six months before conception. Overall 7% (38 person-Sv) of the collective total preconceptional dose and 7% (3 person-Sv) of the collective dose for the six months before conception were associated with children born in Seascale. Of all the children whose fathers worked at Sellafield, 842 (8%) were born in Seascale. The mean individual doses before conception were consistently lower in Seascale than in the rest of West Cumbria.The distribution of the paternal preconceptional radiation dose is statistically incompatible with this exposure providing a causal explanation for the cluster of childhood leukaemias in Seascale.
CONTROVERSIAL INDICATIONS FOR ELECTRIC CONVULSIVE THERAPY
Authors: ALFRED GALLINEK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

Aside from the recognized indications, ECT was found to be of decisive help in conversion depressions, a syndrome in which somatic, chiefly visceral autonomic features mask the phasic depressive core. Similarly favorable responses were achieved in pseudoneurotic depressive equivalents, conditions that possess the same phasic depressive core as the conversion depressions, whereas the outward symptoms may mimic anxiety states, compulsive-obsessive or neurasthenic syndromes. In anorexia nervosa, ECT breaks up the conditioned behavior pattern and facilitates psychotherapy. Schizoids with superimposed disabling symptomatology of qualitatively neurotic nature, but quantitatively psychotic degree, showed the most gratifying responses inasmuch as the disabling behavior patterns were broken up by ECT. Improvement of anxiety also was observed. Cases of true compulsive-obsessive neurosis never responded. In narcotic addiction, ECT is a highly valuable tool as far as management of the withdrawal period is concerned. The fact that results were obtained in vastly different conditions by the same standard method creates hesitation as to recent tendencies to assign different modes of electro-therapy to different diagnostic categories.
NEPHRITIS IN SCARLET FEVER AND ITS TREATMENT
Authors: CONRAD WESSELHOEFT
Journal: JAMA (1941)

During the eruptive phase of scarlet fever the urine rarely shows more than a trace of albumin, a few granular casts and possibly a few leukocytes and red cells. This relatively mild inflammation of the kidneys usually subsides with the rash and fever and requires no treatment other than that generally applicable to the disease itself. The fact that this initial renal inflammation responds to the early use of scarlet fever antitoxin is evidence of its being due to the direct action of the erythrogenic toxin.<sup>1</sup> Glomerulonephritis may occur during the eruptive stage, but the great majority of severe cases take place late in the convalescence<sup>2</sup>and often when the initial rash and fever have been so extremely mild<sup>3</sup>as to be without any signs of the benign renal disturbance which I have just mentioned.<sup>4</sup> It is impossible to consider here the physiologic mechanism of the
Undiagnosed coeliac disease at age seven: population based prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Polly J Bingley, Alastair J Norcross, Robert J Lock, Andrew R Ness, Richard W Jones
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study TeamCoeliac disease is uncommon in childhood and diagnosed in fewer than 1 in 2500 children in the United Kingdom. 1 Subclinical disease is, however, common in adults, and can be detected by testing for serum IgA antiendomysial antibodies (IgA-EMA). 2 We aimed to establish the prevalence of undiagnosed coeliac disease in the general population at age seven, and to look for associated clinical features.
Use of cancer incidence data in identification of cancer causation.
Authors: E Lynge
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This paper discusses the use of cancer incidence data in identification of cancer causation. Selective descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies were reviewed. These examples were taken primarily from Denmark, where the possibilities for epidemiological research are good due to the existence of many exposure and disease registers. Descriptive studies are still needed for a better understanding of cancer. Analytical studies of individual risk factors today often show relative risks of only 1.5 to 2, and these are difficult to translate into preventive recommendations. Epidemiology still remains the best available tool for identification of risk factors.
Efficacy of dead-space washout in mechanically ventilated premature newborns.
Authors: C Danan, G Dassieu, J C Janaud, L Brochard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The prosthetic dead space makes a significant contribution to the total dead space in low-birth-weight premature newborns receiving artificial ventilation in response to respiratory distress. Use of an endotracheal tube with capillaries molded into the tube wall enables washout of the dead space without insertion of a tracheal catheter. In 10 premature newborns (mean gestational age, 27.5 +/- 2.2 wk; mean weight, 890 +/- 260 g) receiving continuous positive-pressure ventilation (Paw = 12.7 +/- 1.8 cm H2O; FIO2 = 39 +/- 17%), tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) for CO2 washout was conducted using this technique. The flow of tracheal insufflation (0.5 L/min) was derived from the inspiratory line of the ventilator circuit and blown into the trachea. Intratracheal pressures showed little or no TGI-related modification ( < 1 cm H2O). A control system enabled TGI discontinuation in the event of a pressure rise. At constant ventilation pressure, PaCO2 decreased by 12.1 +/- 5.9 mm Hg (delta PaCO2 = -26 +/- 12%) under TGI, whereas PaO2 remained unchanged. While maintaining PaCO2 constant, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) was decreased by 5.4 +/- 1.7 cm H2O (delta PIP = -22.0 +/- 8.3%). TGI showed immediate efficacy (PCO2 reduction of at least 5 mm Hg) in nine of the 10 newborns who then received chronic TGI (14 to 138 h). TGI appears to be an effective method, suitable for long-term clinical application, enabling a reduction in the aggressive nature of conventional ventilation.
Missense mutations in the β3 subunit have a different impact on the expression and function between αIIbβ3 and αvβ3
Authors: Seiji Tadokoro, Yoshiaki Tomiyama, Shigenori Honda, Hirokazu Kashiwagi, Satoru Kosugi, Masamichi Shiraga, Teruo Kiyoi, Yoshiyuki Kurata, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Blood (2002)
Long-Term Survival of the Very Elderly Undergoing Aortic Valve Surgery
Authors: Donald S. Likosky, Meredith J. Sorensen, Lawrence J. Dacey, Yvon R. Baribeau, Bruce J. Leavitt, Anthony W. DiScipio, Felix Hernandez, Richard P. Cochran, Reed Quinn, Robert E. Helm, David C. Charlesworth, Robert A. Clough, David J. Malenka, Donato A. Sisto, Gerald Sardella, Elaine M. Olmstead, Cathy S. Ross, Gerald T. O'Connor
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Increasing numbers of the very elderly are undergoing aortic valve procedures. We describe the short- and long-term survivorship for this cohort. Methods and Results— We conducted a cohort study of 7584 consecutive patients undergoing open aortic valve surgery without (51.1%; AVR) or with (48.9%; AVR + CABG) concomitant coronary artery bypass graft surgery between November 10, 1987 through June 30, 2006. Patient records were linked to the Social Security Administration’s Death Master File. Survivorship was stratified by age and concomitant CABG surgery. During 39 835 person-years of follow-up, there were 2877 deaths. Among AVR, there were 3304 patients &lt;80 years of age, 419 patients 80 to 84 years, and 156 patients ≥85 years (24 patients &gt;90 years). Among AVR+CABG patients, there were 2890 patients &lt;80 years of age, 577 patients 80 to 84 years, and 238 patients ≥85 years (22 patients &gt;90 years). Median survivorship for patients undergoing isolated AVR was 11.5 years (&lt;80 years), 6.8 years (80 to 84 years), 6.2 years (≥85 years); for patients undergoing AVR+CABG, median survivorship was 9.4 years (&lt;80 years), 6.8 years (80 to 84 years), and 7.1 years (≥85 years). Among both procedures, adjusted survivorship was significantly different across strata of age ( P &lt;0.001). These findings are similar to life expectancy of the general population from actuarial tables: 80 to 84 years (7 years) and ≥85 years (5 years). Conclusions— Survivorship among octogenarians is favorable, with more than half the patients surviving more than 6 years after their surgery. Concomitant CABG surgery does not diminish median survivorship among patients &gt;80 years of age.
Note from the Editors: Toxicogenomics Update
Authors: Thomas J. Goehl, Kenneth S. Ramos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

EHP is continually evolving to meet the needs of our readership. Our intention in publishing a separate section in toxicogenomics for the past 2 years has been to feature research in this emerging field and to use our news articles as an educational tool to explain basic toxicogenomics principles to our general readership.

Feedback from our readership and the editorial board has indicated that our current coverage of the field of toxicogenomics might not be achieving the intended goals. After careful deliberations with stakeholders, the editors have decided that a better way to meet the needs of our readership and the field of toxicogenomics is to incorporate the Toxicogenomics section into the monthly issues. This change will be implemented beginning this month.

The major advantage of this approach is that we can print toxicogenomics articles shortly after acceptance rather than holding them for publication in a quarterly section. In addition, published articles will gain wider exposure among the general readership, helping to better fold toxicogenomics into the environmental health research portfolio. Another advantage is that we will able to more efficiently achieve our educational goals by making the field more accessible to our general readership.

What does the change mean for coverage?


A toxicogenomics research section will be included within each monthly issue when research papers are available.


EHP will continue news coverage through a variety of formats including updates, investigative articles, and policy discussions as warranted.


To meet our educational goals, we have compiled all toxicogenomics feature articles (Focus articles) in a Toxicogenomics Primer that will be placed on a CD to be included with the March issue and made available at various toxicogenomics meetings.


We will incorporate the toxicogenomics calendar, fellowships and grants, new books, and book reviews within the monthly sections.


We are working to enhance the Toxicogenomics section of the EHP website by adding a compilation of news and research articles, “Notes from the Field,” and Resources.


Editorials on toxicogenomics will continue to be solicited.



We look forward to your continued support of EHP and the Toxicogenomics section.
Retrieval of two retained endoscopy capsules with retrograde double-balloon enteroscopy in a patient with a history of complicated small-bowel disease
Authors: S. Miehlke, A.-K. Tausche, S. Brückner, D. Aust, A. Morgner, A. Madisch
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a novel method that makes it possible to carry out a number of treatment procedures in the small bowel, including the removal of foreign bodies [1] [2]. To date, case reports have been published on three patients in whom entrapped endoscopy capsules were recovered using antegrade DBE [3] [4]. We report here a case of successful extraction of two retained endoscopy capsules using retrograde DBE in a patient with a history of complicated small-bowel disease.
Associations of Short-Term Particle and Noise Exposures with Markers of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health among Highway Maintenance Workers
Authors: Reto Meier, Wayne E. Cascio, Andrew J. Ghio, Pascal Wild, Brigitta Danuser, Michael Riediker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Highway maintenance workers are constantly and simultaneously exposed to traffic-related particle and noise emissions, both of which have been linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in population-based epidemiology studies.We aimed to investigate short-term health effects related to particle and noise exposure.We monitored 18 maintenance workers, during as many as five 24-hr periods from a total of 50 observation days. We measured their exposure to fine particulate matter (diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5), ultrafine particles, and noise, and the cardiopulmonary health end points: blood pressure, proinflammatory and prothrombotic markers in the blood, lung function, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measured approximately 15 hr after work. Heart rate variability was assessed during a sleep period approximately 10 hr after work.PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A, and was negatively associated with tumor necrosis factor α. None of the particle metrics were significantly associated with von Willebrand factor or tissue factor expression. PM2.5 and work noise were associated with markers of increased heart rate variability, and with increased high-frequency and low-frequency power. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the following morning were significantly associated with noise exposure after work, and nonsignificantly associated with PM2.5. We observed no significant associations between any of the exposures and lung function or FeNO.Our findings suggest that exposure to particles and noise during highway maintenance work might pose a cardiovascular health risk. Actions to reduce these exposures could lead to better health for this population of workers.
Identification of novel genes for secreted and membrane-anchored proteins in human keratinocytes
Authors: M. Bonkobara, A. Das, J. Takao, P.D. Cruz, K. Ariizumi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Both intercellular and intracellular signals are transduced primarily by interactions of secreted and/or membrane-anchored polypeptides, and they play a pivotal role in regulating proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of keratinocytes within the epidermis. Despite recent identification of these polypeptides, it is likely that several important molecules remain undisclosed.To identify novel genes encoding secreted or membrane-anchored polypeptides expressed by human keratinocytes.We employed a signal sequence (SS) trap of a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library prepared from primary cultured human keratinocytes. Gene expression analysis was performed using Northern blotting. R Screening of 4018 cDNA clones yielded 82 positive clones (57 independent genes), most of which encoded SSs in their N-termini. Most of the positive clones were known genes registered in the GenBank database. Seven genes were identified in the EST database, four of which encoded novel membrane-anchored polypeptides with features of type I transmembrane proteins; the other three genes encoded novel non-type I transmembrane polypeptides. These EST genes were expressed differentially by keratinocytes subjected to low vs. high calcium concentrations and by basal vs. squamous cell carcinomas.Using the SS trap, we isolated many genes known to be involved in constituting epidermal structures and others that had not previously been associated with keratinocytes. In addition, we identified novel genes (EST genes) that differ in kinetics of gene expression in keratinocyte differentiation. Our results validate the effective use of this SS trap method for identifying secreted and membrane-anchored polypeptides expressed by human keratinocytes. The identification will better illuminate the molecular mechanisms responsible for co-ordinated regulation of epidermal homeostasis.
Sudden Glory Revisited: Cognitive Contents of Hypomania
Authors: Francesc Colom, Eduard Vieta
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt; Cognitive aspects of hypomania have been historically neglected. Although they do not have an etiological role, they may be essential to understand factors underlying the hypomanic ascent in bipolar disorders and constitute key modulators of the course of illness. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; We have performed a critical review of the existing literature on the role of cognition during hypomania, considering outputs coming from very different fields of knowledge. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; There is a nuclear cognitive change occurring in most hypomanic phases that we have defined as ‘anastrophic’ thinking. This key cognitive procedure has several implications – going from social sciences and philosophy to basic sciences. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Hypomania has received certain attention from cognitive theorists. Unfortunately, this attention has not been translated into a cognitive model that is as robust as the one seen in depression. The inclusion of certain psychological aspects in models of hypomania should give rise, as occurred with depression, to an increased emphasis on psychoeducation and cognitive modification of behavioral patterns in the management of this disorder with combined psychological and pharmacological tools.