tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Millennium report to Sir Edwin Chadwick
Authors: I. Sram, J. Ashton
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editorials by Alderslade, Palmer Recent advances p 584 Education and debate pp 587, 596 

To mark the 150th anniversary of the 1848 Public Health Act, Iqbal Sram and John Ashton write a memo to Edwin Chadwick, the architect of the 1848 act, on the state of the public health at the end of the millennium 

> I will not cease from mental strife, 
> 
> Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand 
> 
> Till we have built Jerusalem 
> 
> In England's green and pleasant land 
> 
>  William Blake   William Blake 
Dear Sir Edwin,

We live in a world which you would have envied. You played a dominant role in laying the foundations of this world. A clean and secure water supply for the population at large, coupled with the separate disposal of their sewage and waste, were the central planks of your crusade to protect public health in your day. However, Sir Edwin, we enter a caution here. The harmonious world referred to is, in essence, the “first world.” The insanitary conditions which you were determined to eradicate still persist over large parts of the globe.

It will not have escaped your notice that it is 150 years since the enactment of the 1848 Public Health Act (An Act for promoting the Public Health), for you were its chief architect.1You subscribed to the contemporary laissez faire doctrines in the management of economic affairs, having worked closely with the economist Nassau Senior in the reform of the poor laws, which dated back to Elizabethan times.2 In the social policy arena you battled hard and successfully against those who wished to extend and entrench that approach to a wide range of public policy areas. Your energy and determination secured support for state intervention for public health protection from the major perceived health hazards of the day,3 …
Why run a group?
Authors: S A Hull
Journal: BMJ (1984)

AMG 110, a Bispecific T cell Engager (BiTE®) antibody construct, induces T cell mediated cancer cell death by cross-linking EpCAM on tumor cells with CD3ε on T cells. We labeled AMG 110 with zirconium-89 (<sup>89</sup>Zr) or near infrared fluorescent dye (IRDye) 800CW to study its tumor targeting and tissue distribution. <b>Methods:</b> Distribution and tumor uptake was studied up to 144 h after administering <sup>89</sup>Zr-AMG 110 intravenously to nude BALB/c mice bearing high EpCAM expressing HT-29 colorectal cancer xenografts. Tumor uptake of <sup>89</sup>Zr-AMG 110 was also studied at 24 h in mice bearing HT-29, head and neck squamous cell cancer FaDu (intermediate EpCAM) or promyelocytic leukemia HL60 (EpCAM negative) xenografts. Intratumoral distribution in HT-29 tumors was studied using 800CW-AMG 110. <b>Results:</b> Tumor uptake of <sup>89</sup>Zr-AMG 110 can be clearly visualized using microPET imaging from 3 h up to 72 h after injection. Injection of 40 µg protein dose resulted in highest tumor uptake at 6 h and 24 h (respectively 5.35 ± 0.22 %ID/g and 5.30 ± 0.20 %ID/g; <i>n</i> = 3 and <i>n</i> = 4). Tumor uptake of <sup>89</sup>Zr-AMG 110 was EpCAM specific and correlated with EpCAM expression. Ex vivo tumor analysis showed 800CW-AMG 110 on the tumor cell surface in viable EpCAM expressing tumor tissue. <b>Conclusion:</b> PET and fluorescent imaging provided real-time information about AMG 110 distribution and tumor uptake in vivo. Our data support using <sup>89</sup>Zr and IRDye 800CW to evaluate tumor and tissue uptake kinetics of BITE® antibody constructs in preclinical and clinical settings.
United Nations Schedules May 31 as Fourth 'World No-Tobacco Day'
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE LAST DAY of this month has been designated "World No-Tobacco Day." This is the fourth year in a row that the occasion has been designated by the World Health Organization, an autonomous unit within the United Nations system with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The theme for the May 31 observance this year is "Public Places and Transport—Better Be Tobacco-Free." Hiroshi Nakajima, MD, PhD, director-general of the World Health Organization, suggests that, "besides displaying politeness and normal consideration for others, refraining from smoking in public places and on public transport introduces a measure of prudence for hardened smokers, the real nicotine addicts, in that they stop for a short time. And this perhaps will convince them that it is possible to live without tobacco for increasingly long periods." <h3>Fires, Smoke in Public Places</h3> Among other problems, World Health Organization officials point out, "many fires in public places are attributable to
Transport: a public health issue.
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Most people will never own a car.But throughout the world cars continue to dictate transport policy.The growth in the world's car fleet-it now stands at 400 million-is whittling away the benefits of car owner- ship as machines built for speed are forced to idle in gridlocked cities.The problems caused by over- dependence on private cars are now being recognised.The motor industry may be persuaded to tackle air pollution, but greener cars hold no answers for the other by blows of the motor car-traffic congestion, noise, road accidents, and social inequality.
Allergy to Chamomile Tea
Authors: Charlotte L. Casterline
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  We recently examined a patient who had a true anaphylactic reaction to chamomile tea, a popular herbal drink. This tea is made from chamomile flower heads that are known to cross-react with ragweed, chrysanthemums, and other members of the Compositae family. We think that physicians should be alerted to this often unsuspected and unrecognized allergen.  Report of a Case.—  A 54-year-old woman awoke early one morning with a headache. She drank one cup of chamomile tea and simultaneously ingested two aspirin tablets. Within 20 minutes, she had a severe anaphylactic reaction with generalized hives, upper airway obstruction, and pharyngeal edema. She was treated in the emergency room with epinephrine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride with complete resolution of symptoms.  There was no prior history of an adverse reaction to aspirin, which she used frequently as treatment for migraine headaches. She had previously noted mild allergic rhinitis symptoms during
I-131 Uptake in the Breast for Thyroid Cancer Surveillance with Biopsy-Proven Benign Tissue
Authors: TATE ALLEN, PHILIP WIEST, SYLVIA VELA, MICHAEL HARTSHORNE, LIDA A. CROOKS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 37-year-old woman was seen for recurrent papillary carcinoma of the thyroid after thyroidectomy. After repeated surgery and I-131 therapy, follow-up I-131 scanning and thyroglobulin levels were negative. Subsequent I-131 surveillance, however, demonstrated bilateral breast uptake. A biopsy taken of this area in the right breast proved that the increased uptake was secondary to benign disease.
Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvotomy
Authors: Robert D. Leachman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Carrol<sup>1</sup>and Feldman<sup>1</sup>state that mitral balloon valvotomy has proven to be safe and cost-effective. I have some question with regard to the cost-effectiveness, since it requires a catheterization laboratory, the installation of which costs an average of $1 million or more. The balloon catheter itself costs several thousand dollars. If, indeed, we are looking for similar palliative therapy, then I believe it would be considerably more cost-effective to return to the practice of the 1950s and 1960s, during which the diagnosis of mitral stenosis was made with a considerable degree of confidence only by auscultation, and many of these patients were successfully treated by closed commissurotomy technique, with similar outcome to that being described for balloon valvuloplasty. In reality, the technique of balloon valvuloplasty is not cost-effective in countries with a low medical budget.
Localization of a Gene Responsible for Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy to Chromosome 1q32
Authors: Jean-Bernard Durand, Linda L. Bachinski, Lisa C. Bieling, Grazyna Z. Czernuszewicz, Antoine B. Abchee, Qun Tao Yu, Terry Tapscott, Rita Hill, Jonah Ifegwu, A.J. Marian, Ramon Brugada, Steven Daiger, Jane M. Gregoritch, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Miguel Quiñones, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Robert Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Dilated cardiomyopathy, characterized by ventricular dilatation and decreased systolic contraction, is twofold to threefold more common as a cause of heart failure than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and costs several billion dollars annually. The idiopathic form occurring early in life, with a 75% mortality in 5 years, is a common reason for transplantation. It is estimated that at least 20% of cases are familial.A family of 46 members spanning four generations underwent history and physical examinations, echocardiographic analysis, and blood sampling for genotyping. Diagnostic criteria, detected by echocardiography, consisted of ventricular dimension of > or = 2.7 cm/m2 with an ejection fraction < or = 50% in the absence of other potential causes. DNA from all members was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for amplification of short tandem-repeat polymorphic markers located every 10 cM throughout the human genome. Assuming a penetrance of 90%, linkage analysis was performed to map the responsible chromosomal locus. Linkage analysis, after 412 markers were analyzed, indicated the locus to be on chromosome 1q32, with a peak multipoint logarithm of the odds score at D1S414 of 6.37.The locus identified in this study for familial dilated cardiomyopathy, 1q32, is rich in candidate genes, such as MEF-2, renin, and helix loop helix DNA binding protein MYF-4. Identification of the genetic defect could provide insight into the molecular basis for the cardiac dilatory response in both familial and acquired disorders.
Neural computation, architecture, and evolution
Authors: Paul Skokowski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Biological neural computation relies a great deal on architecture, which constrains the types of content that can be processed by distinct modules in the brain. Though artificial neural networks are useful tools and give insight, they cannot be relied upon yet to give definitive answers to problems in cognition. Knowledge re-use may be driven more by architectural inheritance than by epistemological drives.
Academic health centers--can they afford to relax?
Authors: E. Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DURING the last years, the leadership of the nation's medical schools and their principal teaching hospitals has been fighting a rearguard action to prevent Congress and the Administration from undermining their financial position as a result of radical changes in reimbursement for Medicare beneficiaries (diagnosis related groups [DRGs]) and payment for graduate medical education (GME); failure to take sufficient account of the intensity of care that they provide and their disproportionate load of partial- and no-pay patients; and proposed revisions in the treatment of capital costs. Similarly, these leaders have waged an annual battle to maintain—if possible, to expand—the National Institutes of Health budget for biomedical research. 1   The concerns of the academic health center (AHC) leadership have been intensified by its assessment of unfavorable developments in the external environment. These include the leveling off and decline in hospital utilization; the perception that the physician shortage is turning into a
Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer With Use of Oral Bisphosphonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nirav Thosani, Sonali N. Thosani, Sheetanshu Kumar, Zoann Nugent, Camilo Jimenez, Harminder Singh, Sushovan Guha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose The association between oral bisphosphonate (BP) intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has been investigated in several recent studies with conflicting results. We summarized the evidence from the published studies in a categorical, dose-response meta-analysis. Methods Relevant studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through January 15, 2012. We included studies that reported effect size estimates with 95% CIs for the association between exposure to oral BPs and risk of CRC. Results Three case-control studies with a total of 16,998 CRC cases and 108,197 controls and one cohort study with 94,405 individuals exposed to BPs and 283,181 unexposed to BPs were included in meta-analysis. The random effect model meta-analysis suggested reduced risk of CRC with exposure to oral BPs with pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.97). Significant inverse relationship was noted for 10 or more prescriptions categories, with pooled ORs of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.87). Similarly, the analysis for 1 to 3 years of use and more than 3 years of use of BPs suggested a significant inverse relationship, with pooled ORs of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.85) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.99), respectively. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that the use of oral BPs at a dose of 10 or more prescriptions or 1 or more years of duration is associated with reduced risk of CRC. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to prove this association.
FDA Investigates Deaths Related to Use of Olanzapine Pamoate
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is investigating the deaths of 2 patients that occurred within days of their receiving intramuscular injections of the antipsychotic medication olanzapine pamoate (http://1.usa.gov/1at8C7E).
Notification of tuberculosis: how many cases are never reported?
Authors: L P Ormerod
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Notification of tuberculosis: how many cases are never reported?Tower Hamlets is not the only London borough to report significant recent under- notification of tuberculosis (27%) (December 1992;47:1015-8).Hickman et alt reported 26% undernotification of non-HIV associated tuberculosis and 60% undemoti- fication of HIV related tuberculosis for the Riverside DHA for the period April 1990 to March 1991.Riverside have tightened procedures to reduce or prevent undemotification and hopefully Tower Hamlets have done so too.Correction of undernotifica- tion from these districts, and possibly others, may be contributing to the recent rise in tuberculosis notifications in England and Wales, particularly since 1989.The use of pathology and microbiology services to supplement notification has been reported.2An integrated and centralised tuberculosis service for a district would overcome many of these problems, but it is easier to implement in a DHA or Trust without multiple units.In the Blackburn, Hyndburn and Ribble Valley DHA, served by two acute hospitals of 400 and 550 beds, there is no undernotification because of our integrated system which has three key compo-
Coronary-Prone Behavior
Authors: Benjamin M. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Two decades ago, Drs Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman presented the concept of a type A coronaryprone-style of behavior—a person struggling chronically and excessively, trying to obtain an unlimited number of things from his environment in the shortest possible period. The type A person was further described as aggressive, competitively hostile, hard driving, work directed, ambitious, and preoccupied with work and avocational deadlines. The type B person did not possess the previously mentioned characteristics. <i>Coronary-Prone Behavior</i>is a compendium of works presented at a forum at Eckerd College (St Petersburg, Fla) supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The book attempts to answer in a comprehensive manner questions in five major areas: (1) association—what the evidence that suggests a causal link between coronary prone behavior and coronary heart disease is, (2) assessment—how the coronary prone behavior pattern is assessed, (3) mechanisms—what the mechanisms that translate the behavioral pattern
Leishmaniasis
Authors: Gianluca Nazzaro, Marco Rovaris, Stefano Veraldi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
PREVENTIVE VACCINATION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS WITH B C G AND THE LÜBECK CASUALTIES
Authors: S. A. Petroff
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The recent criticism directed to certain studies that I have published during the past five years (<i>Am. Rev. Tuberc</i>.<b>19</b>:18 [Jan.] 1929) on the recovery of the virulence of B C G deserves a reply. These studies can be summarized in a few sentences: 1. If the original culture from the glycerinated potato-bile or Sauton medium is inoculated intravenously or intraperitoneally in doses of from 1 to 5 mg., a small number of the animals—from 2 to 5 per cent—will develop visceral lesions that cause the death of the animal if sufficient time is allowed. The disease could be passed through a series of animals. 2. I have successfully dissociated several B C G cultures that were obtained from various sources into R, which was nonvirulent, and S, which was virulent for guinea-pigs. The first observation is in accord with that reported by Watson (<i>J. Am.</i>
Clinical Decision Making: Broadening the Responsibilities of Practitioners
Authors: Raymond Gambino
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Dr Eddy's 1 article on broadening the responsibilities of practitioners is a stimulating Socratic dialogue between himself and a nominal Kaiser Permanente radiologist, during which the radiologist bravely fights a losing battle trying to defend the use of expensive low osmolar contrast agents (LOCAs).  Eddy defends the overall utility of severely limiting the use of LOCAs, even though—because of this decision—40 more patients each year will experience serious, but nonfatal, reactions to less expensive high osmolar contrast agents (HOCAs). This decision saves Kaiser Permanente of Southern California (KPSC) $3.5 million per year, money that will be used to screen more hard-to-reach women for cervical cancer. Eddy argues that such a transfer is of greater benefit to all members of the health maintenance organization.  Eddy's conclusion is logically sound when based on the simple binary alternatives provided, but is incorrect if other alternatives are considered. His analysis, for
REM sleep deprivation: The wrong paradigm leading to wrong conclusions
Authors: Jan Born, Steffen Gais
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

There are obvious flaws in REM sleep suppression paradigms that do not allow any conclusion to be drawn either pro or contra the REM sleep-memory hypothesis. However, less intrusive investigations of REM sleep suggest that this sleep stage or its adjunct neuroendocrine characteristics exert a facilitating influence on certain aspects of ongoing memory formation during sleep. [Nielsen; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
The effect of central serotonin depletion on DOCA-saline hypertension in the rat
Authors: M. G. MYERS, J. L. REID, P. J. LEWIS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Selective depletion of central serotonin by intracisternal injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine failed to influence either the development or maintenance of DOCA-saline hypertension in the rat. Normotensive animals with spinal cord serotonin depleted by 83% maintained a normal level of arterial pressure.
Patterns of small intestinal motility in duodenal ulcer patients before and after vagotomy.
Authors: D G Thompson, H D Ritchie, D L Wingate
Journal: Gut (1982)

Prolonged (18-24 hours) recordings of the pattern of small intestinal motor activity have been made, using radiotelemetry, in seven patients before surgery for chronic duodenal ulcer, seven after truncal vagotomy, and four with persistent post-vagotomy diarrhoea. There was no difference in the pattern of fasting cyclical activity between the three groups but the duration of feeding activity after a standard meal was reduced in asymptomatic truncal vagotomy patients compared with duodenal ulcer controls (p less than 0 . 05). In patients with post-vagotomy diarrhoea, the duration of the feeding pattern was further reduced compared with the asymptomatic post-vagotomy patients (p less than 0 . 001). It is suggested that altered emptying of food from the stomach in these patients together with duodenal receptor insensitivity is the probable explanation of these changes.
Intestinal lipid–derived signals that sense dietary fat
Authors: Nicholas V. DiPatrizio, Daniele Piomelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Fat is a vital macronutrient, and its intake is closely monitored by an array of molecular sensors distributed throughout the alimentary canal. In the mouth, dietary fat constituents such as mono- and diunsaturated fatty acids give rise to taste signals that stimulate food intake, in part by enhancing the production of lipid-derived endocannabinoid messengers in the gut. As fat-containing chyme enters the small intestine, it causes the formation of anorexic lipid mediators, such as oleoylethanolamide, which promote satiety. These anatomically and functionally distinct responses may contribute to the homeostatic control and, possibly, the pathological dysregulation of food intake.
Drug-induced Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) associated with hydralazine
Authors: E. GILMOUR, R.J.G. CHALMERS, D.J. ROWLANDS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report a case of Sweet's syndrome associated with hydralazine. The association of Sweet's syndrome with hydralazine, and with the oral contraceptive, minocycline, and trimethoprim/ sulphamethoxazole, has been reported previously. We suggest that a drug aetiology should be sought in cases of Sweet's syndrome.
Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases
Authors: Richard E. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book makes a superb reference volume for all general surgeons. The efforts of 68 distinguished authors have been cleverly incorporated by the editors in a highly detailed, yet amazingly readable book. There are 5 major sections: Neoplasms of the Stomach; Neoplasms of the Small Intestine, Mesentery, and Retroperitoneum; Neoplasms of the Pancreas, Biliary System, and Liver; Neoplasms of the Colon; and Neoplasms of the Rectum and Anus. In addition to the standard presentation of "Tumors of the Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary Systems," significant contributions are provided in the areas of surgical pathology, radiotherapy and radio isotopes, statistical evaluation, and experienced clinical management. Above all, this is a practical book, with large portions of the chapters devoted to surgical techniques. The illustrations have been selected with care and add immeasurably to the clarity of the text. Opposing viewpoints and varying techniques are objectively presented, thus maintaining the encyclopedic qualities of this