tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Explanation of the "Primary Atypical Pneumonia" Syndrome
Authors: P. W. Robertson, K. D. F. Morle
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MBJOywas able to examine one of the twins (Weber, 1919), but no evidence of intestinal polyposis was discovered till later.Jeghers, McKusick, and Katz (1949) collected their own and all known cases bearing on the subject in a paper entitled " Generalized Intestinal Polyposis and Melanin Spots of the Oral Mucosa, Lips and Digits: A Syndrome of Diagnostic Significance."An excellent example of this syndrome with gastric as well as jejunal polyposis was shown by N. C. Tanner (1951) at the Royal Society.ofMedicine (Clinical Section) on December 8, 1950.Similar familial pigment spots of the lips and mouth without known intestinal polyposis have been published, from time to time.The complete syndrome may be regarded as a fifth kind of " phakomatosis " in J. van der Hoeve's use of the term (Weber, 1951)-see below.Naevus and Naevoid Diseases and te " Phakomatoses" (Naevus Tumour Diseass) of van der Hoeve J. van der Hoeve (1938) has grouped the four developmental diseases-Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis, Bournville's disease (tuberous sclerosis, epiloia), the Lindau-Hippel disease, and the Sturge-Kalischer-Weber disease-as what he terms " phakomatoses."The Greek word ox6; (lentil,* birth-mark) is medically equivalent
Health spending in UK to rise to 7.6% of GDP
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Spending on the NHS will rise from just under £50bn ($80bn) to almost £70bn in the United Kingdom over the next four years, Gordon Brown, thechancellor of the exchequer, announced in the Budget last week.

The health secretary, Alan Milburn, announced on Tuesday how an initial £660m cash boost was going to be distributed.

The average year on year increase over the next four years in real terms will be 6.1% The biggest leap …
PROGRESS IN GYNECOLOGY.
Authors: Charles A. L. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1899)

With the onset of the war Southern contributions •ceased, but Flint and Da Costa and Weir Mitchell continued contributions.Da Costa's papers on heart and lung diseases, and the method of distin¬ guishing them, culminated with the great treatise on "Medical Diagnosis" (1866).The so-called Ger¬ hard's sign and Wentrich's phenomena, were described long before the German papers appeared, in his papers on "Auscultary Percussion."Moreover, who does not know of Da Costa's "Irritable Heart"?The contri¬ butions of this distinguished clinician are as bright, as fresh and scientific as those of forty years ago.The war brought with it a literature equal to that of any previous war, and diseases of camp life were ably discussed, notably by J. J. Woodward.It, too, is responsible for the epoch-making work of Weir Mitchell, resulting in many substantial contribu¬ tions to medicine which will always be quoted, and in that original production-his work and that of Moorehouse and Keen-on "Diseases and Injuries of the Nerves."Mitchell's labors resulted in the production of the broadest and most scientific com¬ munications yet presented on nervous diseases.His inductive propositions of the relation of eye-strain to nervous disorders were none the less true, although revolutionary.The culmination of his years of close observation and accurate reasoning, in the promulga¬ tion of the theorem of rest in the treatment of disease, is one of the most brilliant as well as scientific pieces of work of this era, and places practical American medicine on a plane with that of any country.Mitchell, too, has been an infective center, and from his wards and laboratory have come most valuable contributions.In 1870 appeared Wood's studies on "Thermic Fever," a paper in which the nature of the process was determined.Pepper at this time and later was making scientific contributions, notably on anemia, lung diseases, relapsing typhlitis and other affections.
False "Coronary Patterns" in the Infant Electrocardiogram
Authors: P. DOMINGUEZ, B. L. LENDRUM, A. PICK
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Electrocardiographic patterns of myocardial infarction are rarely found in infancy and suggest, in the first place, an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. Five infants with such electrocardiograms are reported. In all coronary heart disease could be ruled out, in 4 by autopsy and in 1 by the clinical course. Comparison of these 5 cases with previously reported cases with similar electrocardiograms and autopsy control revealed that coronary patterns in infancy occur in a true and false variety. Some distinguishing features are discussed.
Visualization of the Cerebral Ventricular System in an Adult with 99m Tc-DTPA
Authors: J R LOGIC, E V DUBOVSKY, G R HARSH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

Visualization of,the cerebral ventricular system following the administration of 99mTc-DTPA was demonstrated in a patient with postlaminectomy meningitis. This finding, although previously reported for technetium pertechnetate, has not been identified using this radiopharmaceutical. The mechanism of localization of the chelate is not known.
Infections in the Elderly
Authors: John M. Leedom
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This is a multiauthored book with a group of distinguished contributors. The topics begin with host defenses in the aged. There are chapters on antimicrobial agents and their pharmacology in the aged, the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumonia, community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias, and immunization. There is a separate chapter on fever of unknown origin. Chapters on infectious diarrhea, abdominal infections, community-acquired bacteremia, infective endocarditis, bacterial meningitis, community-acquired urosepsis, nosocomial urinary tract infections, and pressure sores round out this book. The book is well set up. The type is pleasing to the eye and readable. The chapters are arranged in logical sequence. Important specific factual statements are well referenced, and all of the chapters have complete lists of references. The book is not profusely illustrated, but there is a moderate number of tables, which are very clearly laid out and easy to read and which make salient points. In the chapter on
I-123 Iodoamphetamine Lung Scanning in Patients With Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatching
Authors: YOSHIAKI HIROSE, KOHEI HAYASHIDA, YOSHIO ISHIDA, MAKOTO TAKAMIYA, TSUNEHIKO NISHIMURA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

I-123 IMP is a nonparticulate agent and becomes trapped by endothellal membranes in the pulmonary capillaries. Using I-123 IMP, the authors studied six patients with ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Three of six patients had pulmonary thromboembolism, and three had pulmonary hypertension. In comparison with conventional perfusion lung scanning using Tc-99m MAA, defect sizes visualized by I-123 IMP were smaller in all patients. I-123 Iodoamphetamine is a useful agent for assessing the perfusion of pulmonary arterial microvasculature which Tc-99m MAA falls to penetrate.
Abstract 2151: Evaluation of a citrus flavonoid as a chemopreventive agent against breast cancer
Authors: Jia-Yu Ke, Min Tian, Kara L. Kliewer, Steve J. Schwartz, Ken M. Reidl, Shin-yu Tsai, Lisa D. Yee, Martha A. Belury
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Naringenin is a flavonone found in citrus fruits and tomatoes that may have anti-tumor properties. Previously, our lab discovered that naringenin induced the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and reduced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. These properties have been linked with anti-tumor actions of drugs such as metformin and mTOR inhibitors. Based on these findings, we tested the ability of naringenin (0 uM - 200 uM) to modulate growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and E0771 murine mammary tumor cells. In both models for cancer cell growth, naringenin dose-dependently decreased live cell number in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, results of flow cytometry and propidium iodide staining assays showed accumulation of apoptotic cells after naringenin treatment. Naringenin also decreased expression of cyclin D1 and elevated expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax suggesting that naringenin may inhibit the proliferation of mammary tumor cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. To test for dose-dependent accumulation of naringenin in mammary gland tissue, female mice were fed varying doses of naringenin (control, 0%; low dose,1.0 wt%; or high dose, 3.0 wt% naringenin) in a high saturated fat diet for 11 weeks. Body weights and cumulative food intake were not different between diet groups. Dietary naringenin resulted in dose-responsive accumulation in mammary gland. Relative accumulation of naringenin in tissues was greatest in liver (low dose, 7.61 ± 1.14 umol/kg tissue and high dose, 37.04 ± 8.33 umol/kg tissue) followed by mammary gland and muscle which had a similar magnitude of naringenin accumulation (low dose ∼ 0.4 umol/kg tissue and high dose naringenin, 2.5 umol/kg tissue) of accumulation. Naringenin and monoglucuronide naringenin were two of the main forms of accumulated flavonoid in mammary gland raising the possibility that naringenin and/or metabolites are the active form of flavonoid responsible for anti-tumor activity against mammary cancer. Evaluating the species of naringenin metabolites in mammary gland that exert pro-apoptotic actions will be important to evaluate in order to understand the potential of naringenin-rich foods to contribute to prevention of breast cancer in women. Citation Format: Jia-Yu Ke, Min Tian, Kara L. Kliewer, Steve J. Schwartz, Ken M. Reidl, Shin-yu Tsai, Lisa D. Yee, Martha A. Belury. Evaluation of a citrus flavonoid as a chemopreventive agent against breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2151. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2151
Accumulation of Tc-99m HIG in Brucellosis
Authors: ALI SARIKAYA, T. FIKRET ÇERMIK, METIN OTKUN, AZIZ ÖĞÜTLÜ, GÖKHAN PEKINDIL, ŜAKIR BERKARDA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 22-year-old man who was complaining of fever, anorexia, weight loss, and back and knee pains was diagnosed as having brucellosis. Tc-99m MDP whole body scanning was performed in the second week after beginning therapy. Although x-ray imaging showed only narrowing of the left sacroiliac joint, Tc-99m human immunoglobulin(HIG) whole body scanning and Tc-99m MDP whole body scanning showed bone and joint involvement. Tc-99m HIG whole body scanning at the end of therapy showed reduced uptake in involved areas.
Growth in number of UK consultant physicians is lowest in 15 years
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The number of consultant physicians in the United Kingdom showed the smallest increase for 15 years from 2005 to 2006, shows a survey published this week, and numbers of consultants in some major specialties fell.

The survey, carried out by the Royal College of Physicians, showed that the number of consultant physicians increased by only 1.8% from September 2005 to September 2006. This was the smallest increase recorded by the annual census since it began in 1991. Over this period the number of consultants grew by an average of 6.5% each year.

The annual increase in the number of consultant physicians in the UK has been shrinking for the past couple of years. In 2004-5 the number increased by 3.2% from the previous year, and the increase in 2003-4 was 5.4%.

The latest figures showed …
Clinical practice and community medicine.
Authors: E D Acheson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The idea for a study of the attitudes of trainees and recently appointed specialists in community medicine arose out of dis- cussions I had with successive classes of trainees on the MFCM course run by the Southern Universities Consortium.The object was to determine whether trainees considered it desirable that specialists should have the option of continuing to practise clinical medicine on a part-time basis. MethodI obtained the names and addresses of people believed to be training for the MFCM in 1978 from the Faculty of Community Medicine of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom and the British Medical Association.Each of the 206 was sent a questionnaire and a covering letter which explained the object of the survey and gave an assurance that expressions of opinion would be treated as confidential.Non-responders were sent a reminder.One hundred and thirty-one answers were received to the first letter and 18 to the second, giving a total response rate of 72 3%.Several of the non-responders were probably overseas students who had given a temporary address in Britain and who hadreturned abroad.If it had been possible to identify overseas students with certainty and exclude them the response rate would have been substantially higher.At the time the questionnaires were answered, 84 respondents (45 men and 39 women) were still in training and 65 (50 men and 15
ULTIMATE RESULTS OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: JAMES E. PAULLIN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Since the recognition and description of hyperpiesia, essential hypertension or vascular hypertonia by Sir Clifford Allbutt,<sup>1</sup>the condition has slowly been recognized as a clinical entity. By the term essential hypertension, we understand a condition in which the patient has a persistent elevation of the systolic, and usually the diastolic, blood pressure for which there is no demonstrable cause. In the early stages all the patients are without evident cardiac hypertrophy and without demonstrable renal lesions, as evidenced by the fact that the kidneys are able to dilute and concentrate; albumin is rarely present in the urine, and only occasionally a few hyaline casts are found; there is a normal phenolsulphonphthalein excretion, and the chemical components of the blood are normal except for a slight rise in the uric acid content. Eventually, the continued high pressure leads to cardiac hypertrophy and varying degrees of arteriocapillary fibrosis or arteriosclerosis, with
Abstract 3601: Telomere length assessment in human archival tumor tissues by quantitative PCR method (qTL)
Authors: Hui Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Telomeres are essential for maintenance of genomic stability. Short telomeres have been associated with genomic instability, and initiation and progression of human cancers. To protect their telomeres, up to 90% of human cancers activate telomerase. Inhibition of telomerase by imetelstat, a specific and potent inhibitor, has resulted in telomere shortening, as well as tumor response in animal models. We propose that tumors with short telomeres may be more responsive to imetelstat than tumors with long telomeres. This hypothesis will be tested by measuring baseline telomere lengths in archival tumors of patients in imetelstat Phase II clinical trials, and correlating tumor telomere length with clinical outcome. In order to accomplish this, a fast, high-throughput qPCR-based method for telomere length measurement in genomic DNA extracted from FFPE tissue sections was developed. Using this assay, telomere repetitive DNA sequences and single-copy gene control were successfully amplified. The assay required very little genomic DNA (1-10ng per PCR reaction). Thus, small tissue sections (20 mm2) could be easily accommodated. Using this technique, we were able to perform the first comparison of relative telomere lengths in 22 human breast cancer samples and 8 human tumor cell lines in matched fresh-frozen and FFPE samples. Telomere lengths measured in FFPE samples by the qPCR method strongly correlated with the telomere lengths measured by TRF in matched fresh-frozen samples. Therefore, our method provides a useful tool for assessment of telomere length as a potential predictive biomarker of responsiveness to telomerase inhibition in clinical archival tumor tissue. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3601. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3601
Activation of Jak2 in patients with blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia: inhibition of Jak2 inactivates Lyn kinase
Authors: S Chakraborty, Y-H Lin, X Leng, R N Miranda, L J Medeiros, E Shpall, R B Arlinghaus
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Activation of Jak2 in patients with blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia: inhibition of Jak2 inactivates Lyn kinase
Recovery and major depression: factors associated with twelve-month outcome
Authors: G I Keitner, C E Ryan, I W Miller, W H Norman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

In spite of the prevalence and chronicity of major depression, there is no consensus regarding which clinical and psychosocial variables are associated with recovery. The authors examined the probability of recovery from a major depressive episode 12 months after hospital discharge, the factors most closely associated with recovery, and the patterns of improvement distinguishing patients who recovered from those who did not. Seventy-eight inpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of major depression were assessed at hospitalization and at monthly intervals for 12 months after discharge on a variety of clinical and psychosocial factors. Recovery status at 12-month follow-up was then used as a basis for comparing acute-phase patient characteristics and change in symptoms over time. By the 12th month of follow-up, 34 (48.6%) of 70 patients met criteria for recovery. The five most important factors related to recovery were shorter length of hospital stay, older age at onset of depression, better family functioning, fewer than two previous hospitalizations, and absence of comorbid illness. The majority of patients who had recovered by 12 months had done so within 6 months of discharge; the average length of time to recovery was 4.9 months. Patients hospitalized for major depression have less than a 50-50 chance of recovering by 1 year. Some variables associated with nonrecovery (e.g., comorbid illness, poor family functioning) are amenable to clinical intervention; however, findings also suggest that there may be two distinct types of depressive illness with respect to recovery, one that remits quickly and the other with a more prolonged course of illness.
Cauda Equina Lesion Associated with Rheumatoid Spondylitis
Authors: Alan L. Gordon, Alan Yudell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

A man with long-standing, inactive rheumatoid spondylitis developed the syndrome of a cauda equina lesion. Myelography was negative. Similar case reports from outside the United States were discovered and are reviewed. We speculate that this neurologic complication of rheumatoid spondylitis is either a late sequel of an arachnoiditis or a result of ischemia.
The importance of population susceptibility for air pollution risk assessment: a case study of power plants near Washington, DC.
Authors: Jonathan I Levy, Susan L Greco, John D Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In evaluating risks from air pollution, health impact assessments often focus on the magnitude of the impacts without explicitly considering the distribution of impacts across subpopulations. In this study, we constructed a model to estimate the magnitude and distribution of health benefits associated with emission controls at five older power plants in the Washington, DC, area. We used the CALPUFF atmospheric dispersion model to determine the primary and secondary fine-particulate-matter (< 2.5 micro m in aerodynamic diameter) concentration reductions associated with the hypothetical application of "Best Available Control Technology" to the selected power plants. We combined these concentration reductions with concentration-response functions for mortality and selected morbidity outcomes, using a conventional approach as well as considering susceptible subpopulations. Incorporating susceptibility had a minimal effect on total benefits, with central estimates of approximately 240 fewer premature deaths, 60 fewer cardiovascular hospital admissions (CHA), and 160 fewer pediatric asthma emergency room visits (ERV) per year. However, because individuals with lower education appear to have both higher background mortality rates and higher relative risks for air-pollution-related mortality, stratifying by educational attainment implies that 51% of the mortality benefits accrue among the 25% of the population with less than high school education. Similarly, diabetics and African Americans bear disproportionate shares of the CHA and ERV benefits, respectively. Although our ability to characterize subpopulations is constrained by the available information, our analysis demonstrates that incorporation of susceptibility information significantly affects demographic and geographic patterns of health benefits and enhances our understanding of individuals likely to benefit from emission controls.
Supportive Psychotherapy Combined with Autogenous Training in Acute Leukemic Patients under Isolation Therapy
Authors: K. Foerster
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

The authors reports on psychotherapeutic observations and experience with 18 leukemic patients who had been treated temporally in a germ-free environment ('life island'). 14 patients were under psychotherapeutic treatment during which a supporting psychotherapy with additional learning of autogenous training was carried out. The results are discussed and the problems of the therapeutic team of a hematologic intensive-care unit are pointed out.
Effect of food and anti-cholinergic drugs on the pattern of rectosigmoid contractions.
Authors: J Daly, A Bergin, W M Sun, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1993)

The colonic response to a meal is often used to test the effect of drugs on colonic motility, but this test is hindered by its inconsistency. This study has used multiple manometric sensors situated in the rectosigmoid region to investigate whether recording of the site and type of contraction offers a clear discrimination of the colonic response to a meal and the effect of drugs. Two studies were carried out on 16 healthy volunteers. Before the meal, rectosigmoid motility consisted mainly of isolated contractions occurring in a single manometric channel. The motility index increased in every subject after the meal (p &lt; 0.05), but this increase entirely consisted of a massive increase in contractions occurring simultaneously in three or more manometric channels (multiple channel contractions), the number increasing from 9 per hour preprandially to 57 per hour (p &lt; 0.01). There was a concomitant decrease in the number of the single channel contractions from 65 to 56 per hour. In a second study an infusion of an antispasmodic drug, mebeverine hydrochloride, into the sigmoid colon of healthy volunteers stopped the postprandial increase in the multiple channel contractions and prevented the significant rise in the motility index. The decrease in single channel contractions was unaffected. These results show that the colonic response to a meal consists of a change in the pattern of rectosigmoid contractions and suggest that multiple channel contractions may be a more sensitive indicator of the effect of a meal on the rectosigmoid colon than the motility index.
Type B Hepatitis — Good News and Bad
Authors: David J. Gocke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

One of the new insights emerging through careful and imaginative study of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag, Australia antigen) in various clinical settings is that the transmission of viral hepatitis is not fully defined. This lack of understanding contributes to serious problems, especially with nosocomial infection. In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the high frequency of HBs antigenemia anti-HBs in medical personnel has repeatedly been documented, particularly in hemodialysis units.1 , 2 Now, the paper of Wands et al. in this issue of the Journal adds another disturbing dimension to the problem. In a study of HBV . . .