tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays.
Authors: D M Klotz, B S Beckman, S M Hill, J A McLachlan, M R Walters, S F Arnold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Environmental chemicals that function as estrogens have been suggested to be associated with an increase in disease and dysfunctions in animals and humans. To characterize chemicals that may act as estrogens in humans, we have compared three in vitro assays which measure aspects of human estrogen receptor (hER)-mediated estrogenicity. Chemicals were first tested for estrogen-associated transcriptional activity in the yeast estrogen screen (YES). This was created by expressing hER and two estrogen response elements linked to the lacZ gene in yeast. Second, chemicals that were tested in YES were then assayed for direct interaction with hER in a competition binding assay. Third, chemicals were tested in the estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line transiently transfected with a plasmid containing two estrogen response elements linked to the luciferase gene. Together, these assays have identified two metabolites of DDT, o,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDD, that have estrogenic activity. Interestingly, previous studies had reported that the DDD metabolites were nonestrogenic in whole animal models. Alachlor, the most frequently used herbicide in the United States, cis-nonachlor, and trans-nonachlor displayed weak estrogenic activity in the combined assays. The antifungal agent benomyl had no estrogenic activity. We propose that a combination of in vitro assays can be used in conjunction with whole animal models for a more complete characterization of chemicals with estrogenic activity.
Endoscopic Treatment of Stenosized Anastomosis after Gastrectomy
Authors: W. Weiss, H. Hold, A. Neumayr, J. Schüller
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

Reflux-induced strictures of anastomoses are well-known complications of total gastrectomys. Since 1974 ten patients with postoperative dysphagia were treated by endoscopy. The enlargement of the obstructed anastomotic ring was done with the unopened diathermy-snare. This simple and uncomplicated method removed the heavy complaints of the patients immediately; no complications were registered until now. Follow-up was 3 to 32 months.
Prenatal Origin of Childhood Leukemia*
Authors: Brian MacMahon, Morton A. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

MANY current studies of the etiology of childhood leukemia are motivated by one of two types of hypothesis — those relating leukemia to chromosomal damage and those implicating viral or other leukemogenic agents. The two types are not mutually exclusive; nor are they clearly separable, since "leukemogens" may operate through the mechanism of chromosome damage. But as commonly applied, the two hypotheses are distinguished by the assumed time of origin of the etiologic agent. Thus, the chromosomal-damage hypothesis, at least as it applies to leukemia in childhood, implicates factors operating during the earliest divisions of the zygote, parental gametogenesis or . . .
Kidney Function After Improved Metabolic Control in Newly Diagnosed Diabetes and in Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy
Authors: Adolfo Ciavarella, Miranda Flammini, Sergio Stefoni, Luigi C Borgnino, Gabriele Forlani, Luigi Bacci, Pietro Vannini
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

To evaluate the effect of improved metabolic control on kidney function, urinary excretion rate of beta-2-microglobulin, lysozyme, and gamma-glutamyltransferase were evaluated in nine poorly controlled, newly diagnosed diabetic patients before and during treatment. In six poorly controlled insulin-dependent nephropathic diabetic patients, besides the parameters cited above, urinary albumin excretion rate and IgG/transferrin clearance ratio were further investigated to estimate the permeability and the selectivity of glomerular barrier during conventional treatment and after improvement of the metabolic control by a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS). The improved glycemic control resulted in a significant reduction of urinary beta-2-microglobulin and lysozyme excretion in all diabetic patients. Significant decreases of urinary albumin excretion and of IgG/transferrin clearance ratio (indicating a more selective proteinuria) during strict metabolic control were also observed in nephropathic diabetic patients. The reduction of urinary beta-2-microglobulin and lysozyme excretion indicates that a tubular reabsorptive dysfunction, reversible with the amelioration of glycemic control, can be observed in poorly controlled, newly diagnosed and in insulin-dependent nephropathic diabetic patients during conventional treatment. In the latter patients, the permeability and the selectivity properties of glomerular barrier also improved during GCIIS.
Anterolateral rupture of popliteal cysts in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B Kirkham, M Churchill, B Dasgupta, L Wedderburn, J Spencer, D G Macfarlane
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Popliteal cysts occur commonly in both normal and arthritic knees. Most cysts are formed by distension of the medially situated semimembranosus bursa. Popliteus bursa distension occurs uncommonly as a lateral popliteal cyst. Two cases of rupture of lateral cysts which produced symptoms related to the anterolateral lower leg are reported. The difficulty of diagnosing the condition because of this unusual site of inflammation and subsequent management problems are discussed.
The Café Coronary
Authors: R. K. Haugen
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A MIDDLE-AGED or elderly person, at a fashionable restaurant, is partaking of filet mignon, or perhaps broiled lobster or prime rib of beef. At the same time, he is conversing with companions at dinner. Suddenly, he ceases to eat and talk. The dinner companions are perplexed but not alarmed for there is no indication of distress. Then, the person suddenly collapses at the table. Attempts at resuscitation are made by the maitre d'hotel, waiters, and friends. In some instances, a physician may be present who also attempts to aid the stricken person. The ambulance arrives and the person is rushed to the nearest hospital emergency room where he is dead on arrival. The emergency room physician, or the family doctor, attributes death to natural causes and probably to coronary artery disease.  The above is the characteristic story of death from asphyxiation due to occlusion of the airway by food. The
Metabolism of adenine nucleotides in human blood.
Authors: S B Coade, J D Pearson
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Biologically active concentrations of potently vasoactive and platelet-active adenine nucleotides are generated in plasma by a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms. Although there is evidence that ATP and ADP are inactivated by endothelial ectonucleotidases, there has been little attempt to study the metabolic routes of their catabolism in blood or to assess the contribution of this process to their clearance in vivo. Therefore, we have studied the rates and patterns of catabolism of ATP, ADP, and AMP in whole blood, plasma, and isolated blood cells. Rates of degradation of each nucleotide in cell-free plasma ranged from 0.07-0.32 nmol/min/ml with 1 microM substrates to 1.1-3.6 nmol/min/ml with 100 microM substrates. The pattern of catabolism indicated that sequential dephosphorylation from ATP----ADP----AMP----adenosine occurs. In whole blood, the pattern was similar although ATP and ADP (but not AMP) breakdown was more rapid. This was due to leukocyte ectonucleotidase activity. The use of selective inhibitors demonstrated that catabolism was not due to nonspecific phosphatase activity and that plasma 5'-nucleotidase is distinct from ATPase or ADPase. In leukocytes, ATPase and ADPase activities were distinguishable, and each contributed substantially to the rates of catabolism in whole blood. Leukocyte 5'-nucleotidase did not measurably contribute to AMP dephosphorylation in blood. By comparison, ecto-ATPase and ecto-ADPase activities on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were similar to those on leukocytes while endothelial 5'-nucleotidase per 10(6) cells was equivalent to the soluble activity in 1 ml of blood or plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Letter to an Aspiring "Abdominal" Surgeon.
Authors: J. H. Carstens
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —After you left, in thinking over the case, I questioned myself if I did right in encouraging you to operate, for although such cases are sometimes easy, as a rule they are complicated and difficult, and for any one to attempt such an operation who has never seen or assisted at any, is a very serious matter. To do abdominal surgery, you must prepare yourself, you must have assisted at a great many operations, to see the difficulties you will encounter and find out how to meet them. To operate on a case is a very serious matter if you are not prepared and have not the facilities to meet emergencies. The great abdominal surgeons in this country—those who have done hundreds of cases, still go around from one city to the other to see other operators and get pointers from them. They are never satisfied with their
A General Practitioner's Guide to Genitourinary Medicine and Sexual Health
Authors: M R Fitzgerald
Journal: BMJ (1996)

C Sonnex Cambridge University Press, £14.95, pp 121 ISBN 0 521 55656 2

For a patient, particularly a young man, to consult his general practitioner when he is worried about his sexual health requires courage and effort. The patient is awkward and unconfident in a way he would never be with another problem. A few words amiss, a sense of embarrassment or ineptitude communicated by the doctor, and the consultation may fail, with both sides wishing it hadn't started. Training for general practice, of course, develops empathy and listening …
A sustained activation of PI3K/NF-κB pathway is critical for the survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells
Authors: S Cuní, P Pérez-Aciego, G Pérez-Chacón, J A Vargas, A Sánchez, F M Martín-Saavedra, S Ballester, J García-Marco, J Jordá, A Durántez
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
1039 ACTIVATION OF THE MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE ERK5 REGULATES THE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: G. Di Maira, E. Rovida, N. Navari, S. Cannito, B. Fani, P. Dello Sbarba, M. Parola, F. Marra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Book Review Pediatric Allergy: Principles and Practice Edited by Donald Y.M. Leung, Hugh A. Sampson, Raif S. Geha, and Stanley J. Szefler. 688 pp., illustrated. St. Louis, Mosby, 2003. $91.95. 0-323-01802-5
Authors: Chaim Roifman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Rhinomucormycosis
Authors: Howard W. Smith, Eiji Yanagisawa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CERTAIN fungous infections occur as specific entities whereas others appear as a complication of pre-existing infections.1 A specific infection of the nose, paranasal sinuses, orbits and cranial structures is caused by a fungus of the mucorales family and is usually fatal within a few days after onset of the disease. The disease rhinomucormycosis presents certain clinical characteristics that are sufficiently distinctive to establish a diagnosis before the patient dies. The discovery of these characteristics provides an adequate means of differentiation from infections of the nasal and paranasal sinuses of bacterial and viral origin.Historical BackgroundIn 1885 Paltauf2 reported the . . .
Health department sets up cost sharing deal for multiple myeloma drug
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

People in England and Wales with multiple myeloma are expected to get access to the life extending drug lenalidomide (Revlimid) on the NHS after the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) struck a deal with its manufacturer.

NICE, which had previously decided against approving the drug because of concerns about cost effectiveness, has overturned its own preliminary recommendation and approved lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for patients who have already tried two or more drugs.

The new guidance is …
SARS in Hong Kong
Authors: Ya Ping Wu, Ran Wei, Philip G. de Groot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: Lee et al. (May 15 issue)1 describe the clinical and laboratory features of 138 cases of suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong. It is striking that 44.8 percent of the patients had thrombocytopenia, 45.0 percent had elevated levels of D-dimers, and 42.8 percent had a prolonged activated partial-thromboplastin time. This combination suggests the presence of a form of disseminated intravascular coagulation2 or pulmonary-induced coagulation and fibrin polymerization with consumption of platelets and clotting factors. Elevated D-dimer levels have also been reported in patients with acute lung injury and in patients with the acute respiratory . . .
Metabolism of15N-ammonia in patients with cirrhosis: A three-compartmental analysis
Authors: Takechika Fujii, Michimori Kohno, Chisato Hirayama
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Urinary 15 N –ammonia and 15 N –urea were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after the intravenous administration of 15 N –ammonia (0.2 μmol/kg/hr) to 6 volunteers and 11 patients with cirrhosis. Urinary 15 N –nitrogen excretion as ammonia and urea was measured during the 210–min infusion period, and urea synthesis and ammonia conversion to amino acids were analyzed with a three–compartment model using the nonlinear least–squares method. The rate of urea synthesis in control subjects was 14.1 ± 1.2 mg/kg/hr (mean ± S.E.M.), and in cirrhotic patients it was 11.0 ± 3.2 mg/kg/hr. The cirrhotic group was divided into those with compensated cirrhosis (Child class A patients) and those with decompensated cirrhosis (Child classes B and C patients), and the rates of urea synthesis for these groups were 14.5 ± 1.5 and 8.9 ± 1.6 mg/kg/hr, respectively. The difference between decompensated cirrhotic patients and control subjects was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). The percentage of ammonia reutilization of a given dose of 15 N –ammonia was 75.9% ± 2.4% in compensated cirrhotic patients and 82.9% ± 3.6% in decompensated cirrhotic patients (p &lt; 0.05). Fasting venous ammonia levels correlated inversely with urea synthesis (p &lt; 0.001) and correlated positively with ammonia reutilization (p &lt; 0.05). These results are consistent with a decreased capacity to synthesize urea and an increased capacity to convert ammonia to amino acids in chronic liver failure. (Hepatology 1992;16:347-352.)
THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION: IKARIA STUDY
Authors: Evangelos Oikonomou, Gerasimos Siasos, Christine Chrysohoou, Dimitris Tousoulis, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Evangelia Christoforatou, Marina Zaromitidou, Konstantinos Zisimos, Stamatios Kioufis, Georgios Marinos, Christos Pitsavos, Athanasios Papavassiliou, Christodoulos I Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 251: Kinome-wide RNAi screen identification of synthetic lethal interactions in BRAF-mutant melanoma
Authors: Kreshnik Zejnullahu, Tim Wagenaar, Michael R. Green
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND. Mutations in the BRAF oncogene are prevalent in many types of solid cancers, where they promote cell proliferation and transformation by constitutively activating the RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Inhibitors of BRAF have been developed as potential cancer therapies but unfortunately many have performed poorly in clinical trials. As an alternative approach, we performed RNA interference (RNAi) screening to identify genes that are synthetically lethal with the BRAF-mutant oncogene in malignant melanoma cell lines. Recent advances in RNAi and deep sequencing technologies have made it possible to systematically interrogate the genome for synthetic lethal interactions. METHODS. Two BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines (SKMEL28 and Malme3M) and one wild-type BRAF cell line (MeWo) were infected with a subset of The RNAi Consortium (TRC) shRNA library comprising all the kinases in the human genome as well as the genes involved in the tyrosine kinase&amp;gt;RAS&amp;gt;RAF&amp;gt;MEK&amp;gt;ERK pathway. Cells were collected at 4 and 19 days post-infection, genomic DNA was isolated, shRNAs were PCR amplified and subjected to massively parallel sequencing. Statistical analysis identified ∼200 shRNAs that were selectively depleted in BRAF-mutant but not wild-type BRAF cell lines; individual canidate shRNA were tested in a panel of 6 melanoma cell lines 3 BRAF-mutant (UACC62, UACC257, Malme3M) and 3 wild-type BRAF (WM3912, WM3918, MeWo). SUMMARY. The screen identified a diverse number of genes that are synthetically lethal with the BRAF-mutant oncogene in human malignant melanoma. Not surprisingly, a number of the identified synthetic lethal genes are known downstream effectors of BRAF or known scaffold proteins involved in MAPK signaling. Paradoxically, epiregulin (EPGN), a known ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFR itself, which are upstream of the BRAF oncogene were also identified in the screen as synthetically lethal with mutant BRAF. CONCLUSIONS. The BRAF oncogene is synthetically lethal with genes involved in diverse cellular processes such as kinase signaling, cell division, nuclear shuttling and cell metabolism. Many of the genes identified in the RNAi screen are known effectors of the MAPK cascade. Paradoxically, two members of the MAPK cascade, EGFR and its ligand EPGN, both of which are upstream of BRAF, were identified in the screen and validated to be synthetically lethal with mutant BRAF. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 251. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-251
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Geriatrics: Endocrinology and Metabolism in the Elderly
Authors: David R. Rovner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 July 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Geriatrics: Endocrinology and Metabolism in the ElderlyDavid R. Rovner, MDDavid R. Rovner, MDMichigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00040 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Endocrinology and Metabolism in the ElderlyJohn E. Morley and Stanley G. Korenman. 567 pages. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992. $124.95.Twenty years ago, I was asked to give a lecture in a human development course about the endocrine changes associated with middle and old age. A literature search at that time allowed me to give a 10-minute lecture, stating that little happened to (or at least little was known about) the endocrine system as humans aged. Since then, a literature explosion has occurred, with articles documenting the gradual decline in functional reserve in all parts of the endocrine system with aging. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 2Page: 175-176KeywordsAgingDiabetes mellitusElderlyEndocrine physiologyEndocrine systemEndocrinologyGeriatricsMemoryOsteoporosisSympathetic nervous system ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mosaic Dietary Laws
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An epidemiological association between Armenians and some Jews in regard to familial Mediterranean fever as suggested by S. H. Mellinkoff, MD (<b>197</b>: July 11, 1966, adv p 30) does not establish a common ancestry for Jews and Armenians. Furthermore, familial Mediterranean fever has been described in Lebanese and Syrian Arabs,<sup>1</sup>as well as in Maltese, Italians, Greeks, Northern French, and Dutch.<sup>2</sup>Thus, although this disease is genetically determined and probably indicative of a biochemical or metabolic defect, it is not limited to Jews and Armenians, nor for that matter to people living on the Mediterranean Sea. I am in agreement that Jewish dietary laws are primarily moral and ethical teachings attempting to identify the Jew as being separate from non-Jews. Most commentators on the Pentateuch that I am familiar with classify dietary laws as<i>chukim</i>(Hebrew word meaning unexplained laws). These are tenets given by
Towards a global definition of patient centred care
Authors: M. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> This paper focuses on the formulation of a deterministic COVID-19 transmission model by considering the exposed and recovered populations with immunity. The scenario of the simulation is depicted based on the patient zero in Malaysia. The transmission model is found to be able to predict the next confirmed case given a single case is introduced in a fully susceptible population. The mathematical model is developed based on the SEIR model which has susceptible, exposed, infectious and recovered populations. The system of equations which were obtained were solved numerically and the simulation results were analyzed. The analysis includes the impact of the disease if no control is taken.
Esophageal stricture associated with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: R. Kothari, S. Shetty, K. Janarthanan
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 20-year-old woman diagnosed as having epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) presented with dysphagia and odynophagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a web in the upper esophagus, for which endoscopic dilatation was done. Following this, the patient remained asymptomatic for 2 years, after which she again presented with recurrence of symptoms. Clinical examination showed multiple erythematous and maculopapular skin eruptions, predominantly on the face and nape of the neck ([Fig. 1]). Laboratory investigation revealed increased total white cell count, hemoglobin 10 g/dL, and a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Despite the patient being on treatment with steroids for her primary disease, she had an acute exacerbation with severe dysphagia and odynophagia. A barium swallow showed a tight stricture in a small segment of the upper esophagus ([Fig. 2]). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy ([Fig. 3]) also showed the tight stricture in the upper esophagus, with friable, edematous mucosa. The endoscope could not be passed beyond the stricture, and the patient underwent careful endoscopic balloon dilation ([Fig. 4]) under general anesthesia. She recovered well postoperatively and was gradually started on feeds, which she was able to swallow comfortably.
Bullous Myringitis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors: H. M. Foy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a recent letter T. J. John, MD, et al (<b>201</b>:273, 1967) reported a case of hemorrhagic bullous myringitis associated with<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>pneumonia. He commented on the scarcity of such complications in view of the observation by Rifkind et al<sup>1</sup>of bullous hemorrhagic myringitis in two of 52 volunteers inoculated with<i>M pneumoniae</i>and the report of Sobeslavsky et al<sup>2</sup>regarding<i>M pneumoniae</i>isolation from the middle ear of a patient with otitis media with respiratory illness. In a communication<sup>3</sup>toThe Journal, we reported two cases of bullous myringitis in<i>M pneumoniae</i>infection. Since December 1963, the pneumonia patients of the Group Health Cooperative of Seattle have been investigated for<i>M pneumoniae</i>infection.<sup>4</sup>Eighteen per cent of 212 pneumonia patients with isolation of<i>M pneumoniae</i>have been observed to have abnormal ear findings, usually mild, frequently described as "pink eardrum,"