tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF A MAJOR BASIC PROTEIN IN GUINEA PIG EOSINOPHIL GRANULES
Authors: Gerald J. Gleich, David A. Loegering, Jorge E. Maldonado
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Elucidation of the functions of the eosinophil might be accomplished by analysis of the granule constituents. We have purified eosinophils (93% or greater) from the peritoneal cavity of the guinea pig and have investigated a variety of methods to disrupt cells and liberate intact granules. Lysis in 0.34 M sucrose gave the best yield of granules and these had the characteristic morphology of eosinophil granules when examined by electron microscopy. Granules were solubilized by a variety of treatments and the solutions analyzed by polyacrylamide electrophoresis at pH 3 in 6 M urea. Comparison of the electrophoretic patterns of solubilized eosinophil and neutrophil granules revealed a difference: a major portion (53+/-3%; x +/-1 SE) of the protein from the eosinophil granule migrated as a single component. This major band protein has a molecular weight between 6,000 and 12,000 daltons and a pI of 10 or greater. Analysis of eosinophil granule constituents on Sephadex G-50 revealed two main peaks; peak 1 possessed peroxidase activity and peak 2 contained the major band protein. These studies indicate that eosinophil granules contain a cationic protein of low molecular weight which lacks peroxidase activity and which accounts for greater than 50% of granule protein.
Infectious diarrhea
Authors: Kim Hodges, Ravinder Gill
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

Diarrhea caused by enteric infections is a major factor in morbidity and mortality worldwide. An estimated 2-4 billion episodes of infectious diarrhea occur each year and are especially prevalent in infants. This review highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying diarrhea associated with the three classes of infectious agents, i.e., bacteria, viruses and parasites. Several bacterial pathogens have been chosen as model organisms, including Vibrio cholerae as a classical example of secretory diarrhea, Clostridium difficile and Shigella species as agents of inflammatory diarrhea and selected strains of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) to discuss the recent advances in alteration of epithelial ion absorption. Many of the recent studies addressing epithelial ion transport and barrier function have been carried out using viruses and parasites. Here, we focus on the rapidly developing field of viral diarrhea including rotavirus, norovirus and astrovirus infections. Finally we discuss Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica as examples of parasitic diarrhea. Parasites have a greater complexity than the other pathogens and are capable of creating molecules similar to those produced by the host, such as serotonin and PGE(2). The underlying mechanisms of infectious diarrhea discussed include alterations in ion transport and tight junctions as well as the virulence factors, which alter these processes either through direct effects or indirectly through inflammation and neurotransmitters.
An Address ON THE BUSINESS SIDE OF MEDICAL PRACTICE: Delivered to the South Middlesex Division of the British Medical Association
Authors: J. Collie
Journal: BMJ (1914)

IN the economiC order we doctors do whiat other people do wlho supply the world withi things it needs, and we supplv them at a price.Nevertheless, we are not tradesmen.How, then, does thle profession, of which we are so justly proud, differ from trade?John Ruskin says precedence is alwavs given to the soldier over thie merchiant "because he holds hiis life at thle service of the State."He says, "Our estimate of him is based on this ultimate fact-of which we are well assured-tlhat, put him in a fortress breach, with all thle pleasures of the world bel4ind him, and only deathi and hlis duty in front of-him, he will keep his face to the front."The trader is supposed to think, and always think only of hlinself and hlis wage, and seldom, if ever, of thle public; wlhereas tile quality of thle work done is the dominating factor in the daily life of every honest practising physician.Good and faitlhful service for the sake of being at peace with the coeneeption of our highest ideals, that is tlIe stan(lard we all-fromu the hialgest to tlle humblest-are assumed to hiave ever before us." 1 Caveat emptor" is the stern watchlword of the tradesman; "Noblesse oblige" is en- graveni deeply in tlle soul, and on the escutcheon, of every protessor of the healing art.As a rule, we do not care to discuss the stubject of the proper reward of our services, for it is said to savour of cominercialisin; but, as you have asked me to address you on the business side of the profession, let uis for tllis evening put all affectation aside.Scientific ability and business capacity are not incompatible.In these days, wealtlh not knowledge, ostentatious dlisplay not ability, is worshipped by the majority of nmanikind.You are judged, it lhas been said, by the creases ini your trousers, not by the creases in your brain.Wealtl determines status.To male inoney is therefore a neces- sity.Fortunately, unlike the vulgar plutocrat, you need not spend it.IReimieilmber tllat the cards must always be slhuffled, and, if patients leave you, from a business point of view it does niot really inatter if yotur total income for the year is as large or larger than the year before.Your object shouLlld be not to lhave tlle largest but the best, practice.If you attend patients gratuitously, take as your reward tlhe pleasuire you are entitled to if you are seeing them witlhout lhope of any benefit; but remember it is charity,
Inflammation Impairs Reverse Cholesterol Transport In Vivo
Authors: Fiona C. McGillicuddy, Margarita de la Llera Moya, Christine C. Hinkle, Michelle R. Joshi, Elise H. Chiquoine, Jeffrey T. Billheimer, George H. Rothblat, Muredach P. Reilly
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Inflammation is proposed to impair reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a major atheroprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The present study presents the first integrated functional evidence that inflammation retards numerous components of RCT. Methods and Results— We used subacute endotoxemia in the rodent macrophage-to-feces RCT model to assess the effects of inflammation on RCT in vivo and performed proof of concept experimental endotoxemia studies in humans. Endotoxemia (3 mg/kg SC) reduced 3 H-cholesterol movement from macrophage to plasma and 3 H-cholesterol associated with HDL fractions. At 48 hours, bile and fecal counts were markedly reduced consistent with downregulation of hepatic expression of ABCG5, ABCG8, and ABCB11 biliary transporters. Low-dose lipopolysaccharide (0.3 mg/kg SC) also reduced bile and fecal counts, as well as expression of biliary transporters, but in the absence of effects on plasma or liver counts. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide impaired 3 H-cholesterol efflux from human macrophages to apolipoprotein A-I and serum coincident with reduced expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1. During human (3 ng/kg; n=20) and murine endotoxemia (3 mg/kg SC), ex vivo macrophage cholesterol efflux to acute phase HDL was attenuated. Conclusions— We provide the first in vivo evidence that inflammation impairs RCT at multiple steps in the RCT pathway, particularly cholesterol flux through liver to bile and feces. Attenuation of RCT and HDL efflux function, independent of HDL cholesterol levels, may contribute to atherosclerosis in chronic inflammatory states including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.
Hypertrichosis and algodystrophy: an hypothesis to explain this uncommon association
Authors: G.M. KAVANAGH, P. HOLLINGWORTH, C.T. KENNEDY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Various skin changes have been described in algodystrophy, but the association of hypertrichosis with this condition is poorly documented. We describe a patient who developed algodystrophy after a mild inflammatory arthritis, in association with a number of skin manifestations, including hypertrichosis. We suggest a mechanism to explain this particular association.
Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level as a Prognostic Indicator in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Harold J. Wanebo, Bhaskar Rao, Carl M. Pinsky, Raymond G. Hoffman, Maus Stearns, Morton K. Schwartz, Herbert F. Oettgen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

We examined the relation of carcinoembryonic antigen levels to time, site and extent of recurrence in 358 patients with colorectal cancer. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with Dukes' B and Dukes' C lesions who had preoperative levels higher than 5 ng per milliliter. There was a linear inverse correlation between preoperative levels and estimated mean time to recurrence in patients with Dukes' B and C lesions, ranging from 30 months for a level of 2 to 9.8 months for a level of 70 ng per milliliter. In patients with Dukes' C lesions the median time to recurrence was 13 months if preoperative levels were higher than 5 ng per milliliter, and 28 months if they were lower. Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with resectable Dukes' B and C cancer provided an additional criterion for allocating these patients to groups at high or low risk for recurrence. (N Engl J Med 299:448–451, 1978)
Risk assessment of thyroid follicular cell tumors.
Authors: R N Hill, T M Crisp, P M Hurley, S L Rosenthal, D V Singh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Thyroid follicular cell tumors arise in rodents from mutations, perturbations of thyroid and pituitary hormone status with increased stimulation of thyroid cell growth by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or a combination of the two. The only known human thyroid carcinogen is ionizing radiation. It is not known for certain whether chemicals that affect thyroid cell growth lead to human thyroid cancer. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency applies the following science policy positions: 1) chemically induced rodent thyroid tumors are presumed to be relevant to humans; 2) when interspecies information is lacking, the default is to assume comparable carcinogenic sensitivity in rodents and humans; 3) adverse rodent noncancer thyroid effects due to chemically induced thyroid-pituitary disruption are presumed to be relevant to humans; 4) linear dose-response considerations are applied to thyroid cancer induced by chemical substances that either do not disrupt thyroid functioning or lack mode of action information; 5) nonlinear thyroid cancer dose-response considerations are applied to chemicals that reduce thyroid hormone levels, increase TSH and thyroid cell division, and are judged to lack mutagenic activity; and 6) nonlinear considerations may be applied in thyroid cancer dose-response assessments on a case-by-case basis for chemicals that disrupt thyroid-pituitary functioning and demonstrate some mutagenic activity. Required data for risk assessment purposes is mode of action information on mutagenicity, increases in follicular cell growth (cell size and number) and thyroid gland weight, thyroid-pituitary hormones, site of action, correlations between doses producing thyroid effects and cancer, and reversibility of effects when dosing ceases.
Phosphatase SHP-1 promotes TLR- and RIG-I-activated production of type I interferon by inhibiting the kinase IRAK1
Authors: Huazhang An, Jin Hou, Jun Zhou, Wei Zhao, Hongmei Xu, Yuejuan Zheng, Yizhi Yu, Shuxun Liu, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
A UNIVERSAL MENTO-DENTAL SPLINT, WITH REPORT OF CASE.Read in the Section of Dental and Oral Surgery, at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: M. H. FLETCHER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Before showing the splint and reporting the case in question, it may be well to review in some degree splints and bandages for broken lower jaws, and in particular mento-dental splints. Heath divides appliances for the jaw into two classes, external and internal to the mouth, though he says "it may be necessary to combine the two methods in a few cases." The simplest and most effective form of external apparatus, and by far the best in a very large majority of cases, is the four-tailed bandage, two of the tails being carried over and tied on top of the head, the other two carried back and tied around the nape of the neck, the part covering the chin oft-times being reinforced by pasteboard or sheets of gutta-percha. This method with its variations is no doubt familiar to you all, and when the fracture is simple with no displacement is undoubtedly the best, since it brings
Cytochrome P450IID6-specific CD8 T cell immune responses mirror disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis type 2
Authors: Maria Serena Longhi, Munther J. Hussain, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos, Alberto Quaglia, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Yun Ma, Diego Vergani
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Autoimmune hepatitis type 2 (AIH-2) is a severe organ-specific disorder characterized by liver kidney microsomal antibody type 1 targeting cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6). Growing evidence implicates the involvement of CD8 T cell immune responses in its pathogenesis. We investigated CYP2D6-specific CD8 T cell human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 restricted responses in AIH-2 (20 patients, 11 HLA-A2+). Binding affinity of CYP2D6 peptides to HLA-A2 was predicted by the algorithm SYFPEITHI and assessed in vivo by T2 cell assays. CD8 T cell interferon (IFN)-γ production was assessed via intracellular cytokine staining, cytotoxicity via chromium release assay, and frequency of circulating and intrahepatic CYP2D6-specific CD8 T cells via tetramer staining. CYP2D6-specific CD8 T cell reactivity was tested at diagnosis and during treatment and correlated with indices of disease activity. Seven CYP2D6 peptides with high HLA-A2 binding affinity colocalizing with known B cell or CD4 T cell epitopes were selected. Five sequences inducing high levels of IFN-γ were used for HLA-A2 tetramer construction. Frequency, IFN-γ production, and cytotoxicity of CYP2D6-specific CD8 T cells were higher at diagnosis than during treatment. Intensity of CYP2D6-specific CD8 T cell responses correlated with disease activity. Immune responses to CYP2D6245-254 were the strongest both at diagnosis and during treatment. Conclusion: HLA-A2–restricted, CYP2D6-specific CD8 T cell immune responses vary according to disease stage and correlate with hepatocyte damage. CD8 T cell targets on CYP2D6—in particular CYP2D6245-254—may be the focus of novel immune intervention in AIH-2. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Health care for people with mental handicap.
Authors: N Bouras, C R Drummond
Journal: BMJ (1991)

in sleep onset latency between placebo (median 11, range 2-49 mins) and salmeterol 50 .sgtwice daily (13, 5-53 mins).In fact the major determinant of the observed decrease in wakefulness and drowsiness between salmeterol 50 ig twice daily and placebo was a reduction in intervening wake- fulness throughout the night.Mr Sarin and colleagues suggest that the effect of salmeterol 100 Fg twice daily on sleep quality was little different from that of salmeterol 50 [sg twice
Helium Ion Therapy for Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Devron H. Char, William Saunders, Joseph R. Castro, Jeanne M. Quivey, Alexander R. Irvine, Robert D. Stone, J. Brooks Crawford, Michael Barricks, Lawrence I. Lonn, George F. Hilton, Ariah Schwartz, George T.Y. Chen, John T. Lyman, Michael Collier, Hector Sulit, Bradley R. Straatsma, Anna Kaminski
Journal: Ophthalmology (1983)
Controlled trial of respiratory muscle training in chronic airflow limitation.
Authors: P N Dekhuijzen, C L van Herwaarden, H T Folgering
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Smoking among children and young people in Japan I read with great interest the editorial on children and smoking (July 1992;47:485-8).The increase in the number of under age smokers and of young women smoking is one of Japan's most important problems.'There seems to be no doubt that cigarette advertis- ing (especially on television) and the sale of tobacco through vending machines in the street are responsible for the increase of smoking among youngsters.23It is believed that about 30% of primary school pupils, 50% of junior high school students, and 70% of senior high school students in Japan have tried smoking at least once or twice.According to a recent survey by the Japan Know Your Body Study, 8% of boys and 3% of girls among third year students at junior high school (14-15 year olds) said that they smoked occasionally or regularly, but only 1% of sixth grade pupils at primary school (11-12 year olds).The survey also showed that the prevalance of smoking among third year students at senior high school (17-18 year olds) increased to 37% for boys and 15% for girls.
Phase 3 Trials Suggest Ways to Improve Current Hematologic Cancer Therapies
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Time trends in schizophrenia mortality in Stockholm County, Sweden: cohort study
Authors: U. Osby
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Although mortality in patients with schizophrenia is two to three times higher than that in the general population, little is known about time trends in mortality rates. [1]2][3] We aimed to assess mortality over time after a first admission to hospital with schizophrenia.In those patients who died, the cause of death was categorised as natural, cardiovascular, suicide, or unspecified violence.
More on Medical Costs
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The cost of medical care has become a favorite topic for denunciation, prognostication, adjudication, and physician vilification. Blame is being attached to physicians' fees, advanced technology, unnecessary surgery, pharmaceutical profiteering, surplus hospital beds, the increasing number of aged persons, and salary increases awarded to hospital personnel. Ringing denunciation of the high cost of medical care is splendid grist for the political mill but provides nothing beneficial to the public or to their health. Criticism is leveled constantly at our health care system because it fails to prolong life or to prevent some diseases, but seldom is acknowledgment given to the relief of suffering, the cure of illness, or the restoration of useful life by modern medical care. The complex often referred to as "the health care industry" contributes more to American life and prosperity than just the prevention of disease or the treatment of illness. It is one of the
New research spotlights innovative African health technologies
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Newly published research on healthcare innovation in sub-Saharan Africa offers a useful insight into the experience of countries, companies, and organisations that are using innovative and affordable technologies to deal with neglected health problems.

The studies, compiled by the McLaughlin-Rotman Center for Global Health at the University of Toronto and published as a supplement of BioMed Central’s open access journal BMC International Health and Human Rights , offer a broad range of evidence and concrete examples of African innovation to address local health concerns, drawing on the experiences of governments, researchers, and entrepreneurs in Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda (www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinthealthhumrights/10?issue=S1).

The Toronto centre’s lead scientist, Abdallah Daar, …
CAN THE RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE FUNCTION THROUGH THE DESCENDENS HYPOGLOSSI?
Authors: Charles H. Frazier
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Several cases of paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerves, both right and left, have been referred to me by Dr. Chevalier Jackson. The resultant paralysis is most distressing, involving, as it does, not only aphonia, but also dyspnea. In fact, to relieve the latter, Dr. Jackson had to perform a tracheotomy. Dr. Jackson and I discussed the question of relief by nerve anastomosis, and we came to the conclusion that, on theoretical grounds, at least, it might be possible to supply the necessary cortical stimulation by way of the ramus hypoglossi descendens. This operation, with Dr. Jackson's approval, I have carried out on one side, and two months after the operation the following report was received: "Mirror examination shows the glottic chink on deep inspiration to be about twice as wide as before operation. There is more movement in the cord and, while the excursion is only
S.O.S.
Authors: Walter J. Pories
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The concept that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be reversed with an intestinal operation is counterintuitive. How could our costliest disease be forced into full, durable, and safe remission with the bypass of a few inches of intestine?

Counterintuitive or not, it’s true. Accordingly, we take notice when Sjostrom and colleagues (1) in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, the longest and most complete bariatric surgery outcome study in the world, document in this issue that bariatric surgery reduces the incidence of heart attacks. The SOS is a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled interventional trial on the effect of bariatric surgery on mortality and morbidity compared with conventional treatment that enrolled 4,047 obese individuals from 1 September 1987 to 31 January 2001. Of these, 2,010 underwent bariatric surgery, and a contemporary matched group of 2,037 did not. The current report compared the 345 diabetic patients who underwent bariatric surgery with the 262 who did not. The authors found that “bariatric surgery was associated with a reduced myocardial infarction incidence” (38/345 \[11.0%] in the surgery vs. control group 43/262 [16.4%\] \[ P = 0.017\]). The effect was stronger in individuals with higher serum cholesterol and triglycerides at baseline. Not surprising, since the bariatric surgery was associated with significant decreases in body weight, blood glucose, serum triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol.

Others have reported similar benefits of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular disease and mortality. Johnson et al. (2) mined the data in the South Carolina UB92 Inpatient Hospitalization Database and Death Records and concluded that in a cohort study of 349 bariatric surgical patients and 903 control subjects that “adjusting for age, comorbidities, and …