tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD44 as a receptor for colonization of the pharynx by group A Streptococcus
Authors: Colette Cywes, Ivan Stamenkovic, Michael R. Wessels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The pharynx is the primary reservoir for strains of group A STREPTOCOCCUS: (GAS) associated both with pharyngitis (streptococcal sore throat) and with invasive or "flesh-eating" soft tissue infections. We now report that CD44, a hyaluronic acid-binding protein that mediates human cell-cell- and cell-extracellular matrix-binding interactions, functions as a receptor for GAS colonization of the pharynx in vivo. We found that attachment of GAS to murine epithelial keratinocytes was mediated by binding of the GAS hyaluronic acid capsular polysaccharide to CD44. In studies of transgenic mice with a selective defect in epithelial expression of CD44, GAS adherence to CD44-deficient keratinocytes in vitro was reduced compared with adherence to keratinocytes expressing normal levels of CD44. After intranasal inoculation, GAS colonized the oropharynx of wild-type mice but failed to colonize transgenic mice deficient in CD44 expression. GAS colonization of wild-type mice could be blocked by coadministration of mAb to CD44 or by pretreatment of the animals with exogenous hyaluronic acid. These results provide evidence that CD44 serves as a receptor for GAS colonization of the pharynx and support the potential efficacy of disrupting the interaction between the GAS hyaluronic acid capsule and CD44 as a novel approach to preventing pharyngeal infection.
Trigger thumb in a fish-owner
Authors: A Abood, N Kang
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Fusobacterium nucleatum is an anaerobic bacillus of oropharyngeal origin.We describe a case of two manifestations of fusobacterium-induced sepsis originating from an asymptomatic dental root abscess. CASE HISTORYA 63-year-old Caucasian man presented to the accident and emergency department with a 2-week history of night sweats, anorexia, 6 kg weight loss and lumbo-sacral back pain radiating to the right buttock and thigh.In addition, he had been intermittently confused and drowsy over the previous 48 hours.Other than gout and osteoarthritis there was no significant past medical history.On examination, he was apyrexial but tachycardic, with normal cardiac sounds and no peripheral stigmata of infective endocarditis.There was no focal spinal tenderness or nuchal rigidity and neurological examination was normal apart from significantly diminished straight leg raise on the right.Laboratory tests showed raised inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] 402 mg/L, normal range [NR]510; erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] 84 mm in first hour), leucocytosis, (total white cell count [WCC] 27.5 with neutrophils 23.1Â10 9 /L) and deranged liver function (alkaline phosphatase 282 IU/L, NR5125; AST 53 IU/L, NR540; LDH 225 IU/L, NR5180).Serial blood cultures, myeloma screen, tumour markers, X-ray of the chest and lumbo-sacral spine, abdominal ultrasound and electrocardiogram were negative or normal.Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine showed discitis of L4/L5.This disc was subsequently aspirated under computed tomography guidance prior to commencement of empirical antibiotic therapy with intravenous flucloxacillin and oral Fucidin (sodium fusidate).
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ALBUMINURIC RETINITIS.
Authors: E. OLIVER BELT
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It seems to be generally admitted that the retinitis following scarlet fever and pregnancy is not of special prognostic significance as to vision or mortality, for under careful treatment recovery of both vision and health are not unusual in these cases. Therefore in this paper, such cases have been excluded, as the prognosis is altogether different and unfavorable in the retinitis of chronic Bright's disease. Though improvement of vision very frequently occurs in albuminuric retinitis, it is of minor importance in comparison with the life of the patient, and the main point which I wish to determine is the average duration of life after the appearance of retinitis from renal disease. The statistics heretofore published upon this subject deal mostly with hospital cases, in which the duration of life rarely exceeds one year. Occasionally we see reported a case in private practice which has survived five, ten, and even fifteen
False-Positive Early lndium-111 Leukocyte Scan
Authors: FRANCISCO LOMENA, RICARDO ABELLO, ALICIA GARCIA, CARLOS PIERA, RAMON HERRANZ, JAVIER PAVIA, JORDI SETOAIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

An ln-111 leukocyte scan was performed in a cirrhotic patient with ascitic fluid infection to rule out an abdominal abscess. Scintigraphy showed localized uptake in the area between the liver and right lung 30 minutes after reinjection of the labeled cells. The 24-hour study was negative. No purulent collection was demonstrated in any location.
Peripheral blood count abnormalities among patients with hepatitis C in the United States
Authors: Michael B. Streiff, Shruti Mehta, David L. Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

An estimated 2.7 million people in the United States are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), yet the influence of HCV infection on the peripheral blood count remains unknown. To investigate the prevalence of low peripheral blood counts among HCV-infected adults in the United States general population, we analyzed data collected in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). The study population consisted of 16,196 individuals age 18 or older who had peripheral blood counts and data on HCV infection. The lowest fifth percentile of each component of the peripheral blood was designated a priori as being low. HCV infection was assessed by antibody reactivity. HCV antibody-positive individuals were 3-fold more likely to have low neutrophil counts (HCV positive, 9% vs. HCV negative, 3%, P &lt; .0001) and 2.6-fold more likely to have low platelet counts (HCV positive, 13% vs. HCV negative, 5%, P &lt; .0001) independent of other evaluated factors. HCV infection was observed in more than 20% of persons with neutrophil counts below 1.0 × 10 9 /L or platelet counts less than 100 × 10 9 /L. No association was detected between anti-HCV status and anemia or other peripheral blood cell components. In conclusion, HCV-infected persons in the general population of the United States are more likely to have low neutrophil and platelet counts, and HCV testing should be considered for persons with unexplained neutrophil counts below 1.0 × 10 9 /L or platelet counts less than 100 × 10 9 /L. Alternate causes of anemia should be considered for HCV-infected persons with low red blood cell counts.
TCT-343 Paclitaxel Drug Eluting Balloon Versus Standard Angioplasty To Reduce Restenosis In Diabetic Patients With In Stent Restenosis Of The Superficial Femoral And Proximal Popliteal Artery
Authors: Francesco Liistro, Paolo Angioli, Guido Bellandi, Leonardo Bolognese, Kenneth Ducci, Italo Porto, Filippo Turini, Giorgio Ventoruzzo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Probiotics versus antibiotic decontamination of the digestive tract: infection and mortality
Authors: Guy J. Oudhuis, Dennis C. Bergmans, Tom Dormans, Jan-Harm Zwaveling, Alfons Kessels, Martin H. Prins, Ellen E. Stobberingh, Annelies Verbon
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) has been shown to decrease the infection rate and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs); Lactobacillus plantarum 299/299v plus fibre (LAB) has been used for infection prevention and does not harbour the potential disadvantages of antibiotics. The objective was to assess whether LAB is not inferior to SDD in infection prevention.
Changing Patterns in Place of Cancer Death in England: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wei Gao, Yuen K. Ho, Julia Verne, Myer Glickman, Irene J. Higginson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Background Most patients with cancer prefer to die at home or in a hospice, but hospitals remain the most common place of death (PoD).This study aims to explore the changing time trends of PoD and the associated factors, which are essential for end-of-life care improvement. Methods and Findings The study analysed all cancer deaths in England collected by the Office for National Statistics during 1993–2010 (n = 2,281,223). Time trends of age- and gender-standardised proportion of deaths in individual PoDs were evaluated using weighted piecewise linear regression. Variables associated with PoD (home or hospice versus hospital) were determined using proportion ratio (PR) derived from the log-binomial regression, adjusting for clustering effects. Hospital remained the most common PoD throughout the study period (48.0%; 95% CI 47.9%–48.0%), followed by home (24.5%; 95% CI 24.4%–24.5%), and hospice (16.4%; 95% CI 16.3%–16.4%). Home and hospice deaths increased since 2005 (0.87%; 95% CI 0.74%–0.99%/year, 0.24%; 95% CI 0.17%–0.32%/year, respectively, p<0.001), while hospital deaths declined (−1.20%; 95% CI −1.41 to −0.99/year, p<0.001). Patients who died from haematological cancer (PRs 0.46–0.52), who were single, widowed, or divorced (PRs 0.75–0.88), and aged over 75 (PRs 0.81–0.84 for 75–84; 0.66–0.72 for 85+) were less likely to die in home or hospice (p<0.001; reference groups: colorectal cancer, married, age 25–54). There was little improvement in patients with lung cancer of dying in home or hospice (PRs 0.87–0.88). Marital status became the second most important factor associated with PoD, after cancer type. Patients from less deprived areas (higher quintile of the deprivation index) were more likely to die at home or in a hospice than those from more deprived areas (lower quintile of the deprivation index; PRs 1.02–1.12). The analysis is limited by a lack of data on individual patients' preferences for PoD or a clinical indication of the most appropriate PoD. Conclusions More efforts are needed to reduce hospital deaths. Health care facilities should be improved and enhanced to support the increased home and hospice deaths. People who are single, widowed, or divorced should be a focus for end-of-life care improvement, along with known at risk groups such as haematological cancer, lung cancer, older age, and deprivation. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Indicators for the total number of melanocytic naevi: an adjunct for screening campaigns. Observational study on 292 patients
Authors: B. Echeverría, J.-L. Bulliard, C. Guillén, E. Nagore
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The presence of multiple melanocytic naevi is a strong risk factor for melanoma. Use of the whole body naevus count to identify at‐risk patients is impractical. To (i) identify a valid anatomical predictor of total naevus count; (ii) determine the number of naevi that most accurately predict total naevus count above 25, 50 and 100; and (iii) evaluate determinants of multiple melanocytic naevi and atypical naevi. Clinical data from 292 consecutive Spanish patients consulting for skin lesions requiring debriding were collected throughout 2009 and 2010. Correlations between site‐specific and whole body naevus counts were analysed. Cut‐offs to predict total naevus counts were determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The studied population was young (median age 31 years, interquartile range 28–43). The naevus count on the right arm correlated best with the total nevus count (R2 0·80 for men, 0·86 for women). Presence of at least five naevi on the right arm was the strongest determinant of a total naevus count above 50 [odds ratio (OR) 34·4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 13·9–85·0] and of having at least one atypical naevus (OR 5·7, 95% CI 2·4–13·5). Cut‐off values of 6, 8 and 11 naevi on the right arm best predicted total naevus count above 25, 50 and 100, respectively. Our results support the arm as a practical and reliable site to estimate the total naevus count when screening or phenotyping large populations. Threshold values for the number of naevi on the arm are proposed to help identify patients for melanoma screening.
Ashley John Miller
Authors: R. Courtenay-Evans
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Ashley John Miller (“John”) was educated at Cheltenham College and Barts, where sport, especially golf, and music were his main interests, both of which he excelled in and enjoyed all his life. He was a fourth generation doctor. His interest in orthopaedics began when working for Peter Ring in Redhill, and hip replacement became his special interest. He was senior registrar at St Mary’s, Paddington, and Northwick Park, where he was involved in the development of one of the first elbow prostheses in the early 1970s.

In …
Frequency and duration of drug-free remission after 1 year of treatment with etanercept versus sulfasalazine in early axial spondyloarthritis: 2 year data of the ESTHER trial
Authors: In-Ho Song, Christian E Althoff, Hildrun Haibel, Kay-Geert A Hermann, Denis Poddubnyy, Joachim Listing, Anja Weiß, Svetlana Djacenko, Gerd R Burmester, Martin Bohl-Bühler, Bruce Freundlich, Martin Rudwaleit, Joachim Sieper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Purpose</h3> The aims of this study were (1) to assess the frequency and duration of drug-free remission and efficacy of etanercept (ETA) treatment after flare in patients with early active axial spondyloarthritis who were treated with ETA (n=40) versus sulfasalazine (SSZ, n=36) for 48 weeks and (2) to analyse the efficacy of ETA treatment in patients in year 2 who did not reach remission at week 48. <h3>Method</h3> At week 48, patients who reached study remission (Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS) plus MRI remission) were followed up without active treatment up to 1 year. In case of a flare, patients were treated with ETA for another year. All patients who were not in ASAS plus MRI remission at week 48 were treated with ETA in year 2. <h3>Results</h3> ASAS plus MRI remission at week 48 was reached significantly more often in ETA-treated compared to SSZ-treated patients (33% vs 11%, p=0.03). However, the flare rate was not different between these two groups: 69% in the ETA group versus 75% in the SSZ group. Only 8% of patients initially treated with ETA versus 3% of those initially treated with SSZ reached permanent drug-free remission (not significant). After treatment with ETA over 1 year, patients with flare showed an improvement in all clinical and imaging variables. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with axial spondyloarthritis treated with ETA over 1 year did not reach drug-free remission in a higher percentage compared to patients from a control group treated with SSZ.
Severe Pneumonia Among Kenyan Infants and Children
Authors: M. Suzuki, L.-M. Yoshida, K. Ariyoshi
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influenza Immunization Procedures
Authors: Louis Tuft
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I should like to take issue with statements made by Samuel Katz, MD, in his answer to a question (<b>209</b>:1911, 1969) regarding the intradermal method of administering influenza virus vaccine. Dr. Katz suggests that such administration is warranted only "under special situations," such as booster doses, in times of critical shortage, to immunize infants and children under 5 years of age, or older people who fall in the "high risk" category in whom an ensuing reaction to the vaccine would be undesirable. He correctly emphasizes the necessity that in administering the vaccine intradermally, it must be absolutely certain that the injection is given into and not beneath the skin in order for it to be effective immunologically. But although, as Dr. Katz points out, individuals receiving two 1-ml doses of the vaccine subcutaneously have a somewhat higher hemagglutinin titer than those getting the vaccine intradermally in two
Regular physical exercise and low-fat diet. Effects on progression of coronary artery disease.
Authors: G Schuler, R Hambrecht, G Schlierf, J Niebauer, K Hauer, J Neumann, E Hoberg, A Drinkmann, F Bacher, M Grunze
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Significant regression of coronary and femoral atherosclerotic lesions has been documented by angiographic studies using aggressive lipid-lowering treatment. This study tested the applicability and effects of intensive physical exercise and low-fat diet on coronary morphology and myocardial perfusion in nonselected patients with stable angina pectoris. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were recruited after routine coronary angiography for stable angina pectoris; they were randomized to an intervention group (n = 56) and a control group on "usual care" (n = 57). Treatment comprised intensive physical exercise in group training sessions (minimum, 2 hr/wk), daily home exercise periods (20 min/d), and low-fat, low-cholesterol diet (American Heart Association recommendation, phase 3). No lipid-lowering agents were prescribed. After 12 months of participation, repeat coronary angiography was performed; relative and minimal diameter reductions of coronary lesions were measured by digital image processing. Change in myocardial perfusion was assessed by 201Tl scintigraphy. In patients participating in the intervention group, body weight decreased by 5% (p less than 0.001), total cholesterol by 10% (p less than 0.001), and triglycerides by 24% (p less than 0.001); high density lipoproteins increased by 3% (p = NS). Physical work capacity improved by 23% (p less than 0.0001), and myocardial oxygen consumption, as estimated from maximal rate-pressure product, by 10% (p less than 0.05). Stress-induced myocardial ischemia decreased concurrently, indicating improvement of myocardial perfusion. Based on minimal lesion diameter, progression of coronary lesions was noted in nine patients (23%), no change in 18 patients (45%), and regression in 13 patients (32%). In the control group, metabolic and hemodynamic variables remained essentially unchanged, whereas progression of coronary lesions was noted in 25 patients (48%), no change in 18 patients (35%), and regression in nine patients (17%). These changes were significantly different from the intervention group (p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients participating in regular physical exercise and low-fat diet, coronary artery disease progresses at a slower pace compared with a control group on usual care.
Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: E. Robak, D. Jesionek-Kupnicka, T. Robak, A. Holub, E. Wawrzyniak, J. Bartkowiak, A. Bednarek, M. Constantinu, H. Urbanska-Rys
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia Get access E. Robak, E. Robak Departments of Dermatology, Pathology Correspondence: Tadeusz Robak. E‐mail: robaktad@csk.umed.lodz.pl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Jesionek‐Kupnicka, D. Jesionek‐Kupnicka Departments of Dermatology, PathologyCopernicus Memorial Hospital, Ciołkowskiego 2, 93–510 Łodz, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Robak, T. Robak Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Ciołkowskiego 2, 93–510 Łodz, PolandHaematology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Holub, A. Holub Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Ciołkowskiego 2, 93–510 Łodz, PolandHaematology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Wawrzyniak, E. Wawrzyniak Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Ciołkowskiego 2, 93–510 Łodz, PolandHaematology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Bartkowiak, J. Bartkowiak Medical Biochemistry Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Bednarek, A. Bednarek Molecular Carcinogenesis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Constantinu, M. Constantinu Medical Genetics, Medical University of Łodz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Urbanska‐Rys H. Urbanska‐Rys Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Ciołkowskiego 2, 93–510 Łodz, PolandHaematology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 3, 1 September 2007, Pages 591–595, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07923.x Published: 01 September 2007
Glucuronidation of 6 alpha-hydroxy bile acids by human liver microsomes.
Authors: A Radomińska-Pyrek, P Zimniak, Y M Irshaid, R Lester, T R Tephly, J St Pyrek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The glucuronidation of 6-hydroxylated bile acids by human liver microsomes has been studied in vitro; for comparison, several major bile acids lacking a 6-hydroxyl group were also investigated. Glucuronidation rates for 6 alpha-hydroxylated bile acids were 10-20 times higher than those of substrates lacking a hydroxyl group in position 6. The highest rates measured were for hyodeoxy- and hyocholic acids, and kinetic analyses were carried out using these substrates. Rigorous product identification by high-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance and by electron impact mass spectrometry of methyl ester/peracetate derivatives revealed that 6-O-beta-D-glucuronides were the exclusive products formed in these enzymatic reactions. These results, together with literature data, indicate that 6 alpha-hydroxylation followed by 6-O-glucuronidation constitutes an alternative route of excretion of toxic hydrophobic bile acids.
A Report on Gravitational Placentography
Authors: Frank M. Behlke
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In 61 cases of suspected placenta praevia, plain roentgenograms were made according to gravitational methods advocated by Reid and Hodge. In 47 cases such roentgenograms alone correctly excluded the diagnosis of placenta praevia. Among the other 14, the roentgenographic findings indicated either a major or a minor degree of placenta praevia. In all but one of them, a sterile vaginal examination was carried out by the obstetrician in the operating room, with all personnel and equipment ready for immediate cesarean section if necessary. The combined roentgenologic and obstetrical procedure led to accurate and appropriate management in every instance. The combined approach requires no special equipment or injection procedure. The minimal exposure to ionizing radiation is considered to be justified because of the great immediate danger to both mother and fetus in placenta praevia.