tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid accurate absolute granulocyte count determination during severe leukopenia using the flow cytometer
Authors: Karen L. Johnson, Carol Dougherty, William P. Vaughan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

The absolute granulocyte count (AGC) in 125 blood samples from patients with total white blood cell counts of less than 1,000/microliter was estimated using three different methods, which were then compared for efficiency and accuracy. The three methods were 25 cell differential counts using Wright's-stained blood smears, granulocyte percentage estimates from WBC counting chambers, and combined narrow- and wide-angle light-scatter characteristics determined on a flow cytometer. A survey of clinical laboratories at University Hospital Cancer Centers revealed that the smear differential was the most-often-used method in those laboratories even when less than 25 cells could be counted. Consequently the data obtained from the counting chamber and flow cytometer methods were compared to the smear differential "standard" using linear regression, and outliers were identified. There was good correlation between AGC determined by smear differential and WBC counting chamber (correlation coefficient .911) and excellent correlation between the AGC determined by smear differential and the flow cytometer method (correlation coefficient .970). The flow cytometer method used in this investigation required minimal specimen preparation, and test results were available at a rate of 60 seconds/sample. The ease of sample preparation, speed, and statistical reliability of test results makes the flow cytometer an attractive alternate method of determining granulocyte counts on leukopenic patients as compared to the stained blood smear differential.
Peroxisome mosaicism in the livers of peroxisomal deficiency patients
Authors: Marc Espeel, Hanna Mandel, Florence Poggi, Jan A. M. Smeitink, Ronald J. A. Wanders, Ingrid Kerckaert, Rudolf B. H. Schutgens, Jean-Marie Saudubray, Bwee-Tien Poll-The, Frank Roels
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Peroxisomal deficiency disorders, which are genetically transmitted, are assumed to be expressed in all cells, and the use of cultured skin fibroblasts for diagnosis and research is based on this assumption. We describe three patients with clinical, biochemical, and microscopic evidence of a peroxisomal disorder. However, their liver displays mosaicism, i.e., parenchymal cells with peroxisomes are adjacent to cells without peroxisomes. Ten percent (volume), 8%, and less than 1% of the parenchyma possessed peroxisomes that can be identified in immunocytochemical tests for six matrix and membrane proteins performed by light and electron microscopy. In the bulk of the parenchyma, catalase is localized in the cytoplasm, and in such cells no peroxisomes are evident by electron microscopy and immunolabeling for the 43-kd peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP) in two patients; in the third case, peroxisomal membrane ghosts are present. Immunoblots of peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes show a pattern similar to that from patients with a generalized peroxisomal deficiency. In contrast to the clinical and biochemical signs of peroxisomal dysfunction and hepatic histopathology, cultured fibroblasts from two patients demonstrate normal peroxisomal functions, including very-long-chain fatty acid oxidation and plasmalogen synthesis.
Hepatic effects of phthalate esters and related compounds--in vivo and in vitro correlations.
Authors: B G Lake, T J Gray, S D Gangolli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The hepatic effects of phthalate esters and related compounds on peroxisomal and microsomal enzyme activities were investigated in the intact animal and in primary hepatocyte cultures. In vitro studies with a series of phthalate monoesters demonstrated structure activity differences in the induction of the specific peroxisomal marker KCN-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation and also of carnitine acetyltransferase. These effects could be reproduced in vivo, and potency differences were also observed between di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its straight-chain isomer, di-n-octyl phthalate. In in vivo studies, DEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and clofibrate/clofibric acid produced large increases in liver size and peroxisomal enzyme activities in Sprague-Dawley rats and Chinese hamsters, but had less effect in Syrian hamsters. These effects could be largely reproduced in vitro where good responses were obtained with rat and Chinese hamster hepatocytes, but either little or no effect with Syrian hamster and Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig hepatocytes. Both DEHP and clofibrate appeared to induce similar form(s) of microsomal cytochrome P-450 which exhibited a high specificity towards lauric acid hydroxylation. With a range of hypolipidemic agents, including phthalate monoesters, a good correlation was observed between the induction of peroxisomal and microsomal enzyme activities in rat hepatocyte cultures. These results thus demonstrate a good relationship between the in vivo and in vitro effects of phthalate esters and related compounds and suggest that hepatocyte cultures may be useful for further studies on the hepatic effects of peroxisome proliferators.
TREATMENT OF CARBOLIC ACID POISONING
Authors: O. S. Gibbs
Journal: BMJ (1931)

sionally recommended as an adjunctive treatment.The TREATMENT OF CARBOLIC ACID use of this oil in any corrosive poisoning is sound, because POISONING not only will it allay irritation by mechanical means, but, BY as an unabsorbable oil, it readily assists its own elimina- tion along with anvthing that may be dissolved therein.0. S. GIBBS, M.B., CH.B.The effective dose would have to be large-at least half FORMEPLY PROFESSOR OF PHARMACOLOGY, DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY, a pint (200 c.cm.), and as much more as one could induce CANADA; VISITING LECTURER IN PHAR-MACOLOGY, JOHNS
The skin surface and stratum corneum
Authors: W. P. RAAB
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article The skin surface and stratum corneum Get access W. P. RAAB W. P. RAAB Allergy Clinic, lnnere Stadt, Vienna, Austria Univ. Prof. Dr W. P. Raab, 3 Waltischgasse, A‐1010 Vienna, Austria. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue s35, 1 April 1990, Pages 37–41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb16123.x Published: 01 April 1990
The heart remembers
Authors: M Rosen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Time for primary review 21 days. 

Cardiac memory was characterized by Rosenbaum et al. in 1982 as ST-T wave changes induced by ventricular pacing or arrhythmia that persist long after normal ventricular activation has resumed [1]. Rosenbaum's work enlarged upon the earlier studies of Chatterjee et al. [2]who reported persistent postpacing changes in T wave morphology. The key aspects of cardiac memory were that the magnitude and persistence of the postpacing T wave changes increased with the duration of abnormal ventricular activation (referred to as ‘accumulation’) (Fig. 1), and the subsequent normalization of the T wave occurred slowly, requiring hours to months, depending on the duration of the inciting stimuli.



Fig. 1 
(A) T wave changes in a human subject in complete heart block before and after siting a ventricular pacemaker, and then with the pacemaker turned off after 15 minutes and 3, 8 and 15 days after the onset of pacing. Note the progressive evolution of the T wave change (reprinted from reference [2], by permission). (B) Cardiac memory evolution over 21 days of ventricular pacing (VP). Depicted are leads I and aVR from one dog during control, during VP, and at the end of 1 hour after pacing was discontinued on days 7, 14, and 21. In both leads, evolution of the T wave is such that it tracks the vector of the paced QRS complex (reprinted from reference [15], by permission). (C) Frontal plane vectorcardiographic depiction of cardiac memory from the same dog presented in Figure 1B. A shows P, QRS, and T wave vectors in control, before the onset of pacing. B: The QRS and T vectors during ventricular pacing. C: The T wave vector alone (note enlarged scale as well as dotted line indicating the change in vector) during sinus rhythm in control … 



* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-212-305-8754; fax: +1-212-305-8351; e-mail: emf3@columbia.edu
Endoscopic submucosal dissection in large sessile lesions of the rectosigmoid: learning curve in a European center
Authors: A. Probst, D. Golger, M. Anthuber, B. Märkl, H. Messmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the colorectum is not currently a standard procedure. Few data are available from the Western world. The aim of the present study was to report on the first experiences and the learning curve of colorectal ESD in a European center. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A total of 82 rectosigmoid lesions were referred for ESD. Lesion characteristics, resection rates, procedure times, complications, and recurrences were recorded prospectively. Results were compared between three consecutive study periods in order to determine the learning curve. <b>Results:</b> Lesions were located in the rectum (86.6 %) and the sigmoid colon (13.4 %). Median diameter was 45.5 mm. Lesions were of Paris type 0-Is with pit pattern type V (n = 8), 0-IIa (n = 33), 0-IIa + Is (n = 36), and 0-IIa + IIc (n = 5). The malignancy rate in these groups was 100 %, 0 %, 14 %, and 20 %, respectively. ESD was possible in 76 lesions (92.7 %). En bloc resection rate and R0 resection rate were 81.6 % and 69.7 %, respectively. Median procedure time was 176 minutes. Between the three consecutive study periods, en bloc resection rate increased (60.0 %, 88.0 %, 96.2 %), R0 resection rate increased (48.0 %, 76.0 %, 84.5 %; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and procedure time decreased (200, 193, 136 minutes; <i>P</i> = 0.027). The perforation and bleeding rates were 1.3 % and 7.9 %, respectively. Recurrence risk was 0 % after R0 en bloc resection and 41.7 % after piecemeal resection (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Median follow-up was 23.6 months. <b>Conclusions:</b> In the European setting, ESD in the distal colon is feasible with acceptable complication risks. Resection rates were not as high as those from Japanese studies; however, a clear learning curve could be shown. Colorectal ESD needs to be further evaluated, particularly in Europe where ESD experience is low.
Folate Deficiency, Megaloblastic Anaemia, and Endocarditis
Authors: K. G. A. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1970)

that they found elevation of cerebrospinal fluid IgM to be of no diagnostic value.Although this may be the case in England it has been shown in several parts of Frenchspeaking West Africa that elevation of C.S.F.IgM is a valuable sign in the diag- nosis of Gambian trypanosomiasis with central nervous system involvement.' 2 Its appearance is often the first indication of involvement of the nervous system, and its demonstration may influence the type of therapy used in treatment of an individual patient.In cases with established involvement of the central nervous system very high levels of C.S.F.IgM are usually found.Demonstration of a high C.S.F.IgM in a patient seen in Britain should lead to a careful inquiry as to whether they have ever visited an area where trypanosomiasis is endemic.-Iam, etc.,
TCT-832 Epidemiology of Severe Aortic Stenosis in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Prevalence Estimates
Authors: Liesl Strachan, Ruben L.J. Osnabrugge, Rachele Busca, Pascale Brasseur, Corinne Le Reun
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Losartan in Heart Failure
Authors: Ian Crozier, Hamid Ikram, Najam Awan, John Cleland, Nigel Stephen, Kenneth Dickstein, Martin Frey, James Young, George Klinger, Lukas Makris, Ewa Rucinska
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The aim of the present study was to assess the short- and long-term effects of multiple doses of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan in heart failure. Methods and Results A multicenter, placebo-controlled, oral, multidose (2.5, 10, 25, and 50 mg losartan once daily) double-blind comparison in patients with symptomatic heart failure and impaired left ventricular function (ejection fraction &lt;40%). Invasive 24-hour hemodynamic assessment was performed after the first dose and after 12 weeks of treatment. Clinical status and tolerability of treatment with losartan over the 12-week period were also evaluated. One hundred fifty-four patients were enrolled, of which 134 met the protocol criterion of baseline pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ≥13 mm Hg. During short-term administration, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (largest reduction against placebo of 197 dyne · s −1 · cm −5 at 4 hours) and blood pressure fell significantly with 50 mg, lesser decreases were seen with 25 mg, and no discernible effects were seen with 2.5 and 10 mg. After 12 weeks of treatment, similar effects were seen on SVR and blood pressure (maximal fall in SVR against placebo, 318 dyne · s −1 · cm −5 at 5 hours with 50 mg). In addition, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell with 2.5, 25, and 50 mg (largest reduction against placebo of 6.3 mm Hg at 6 hours with 50 mg), cardiac index rose with 25 and 50 mg, and heart rate was lower with all active treatment groups. Active treatment was well tolerated, and excess cough was not reported. Conclusions This study showed that oral losartan administered to patients with symptomatic heart failure resulted in beneficial hemodynamic effects with short-term administration, with additional beneficial hemodynamic effects seen after 12 weeks of therapy. Clear effects were seen with both 25 and 50 mg, with the greatest effect seen with 50 mg.
INS37217 intranasal, a P2Y2 receptor agonist, is a novel treatment for allergic rhinitis
Authors: A.E. Schaberg, E.O. Meltzer, C.F. LaForce, D.S. Pearlman, J.C. Ice, L.M. LaVange, D.J. Kellerman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
ORGANIZED TREATMENT FOR SCABIES*
Authors: G. H. PERCIVAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1941)

Journal Article ORGANIZED TREATMENT FOR SCABIES Get access G. H. PERCIVAL, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.E., D.P.H. G. H. PERCIVAL, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.E., D.P.H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 53, Issue 12, 1 December 1941, Pages 346–350, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1941.tb10492.x Published: 01 December 1941
David Eric Worsley
Authors: Simon D Worsley, Sylvia N Worsley
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Although a reluctant conscript into the army for national service, David Eric Worsley soon became convinced that this would provide him with a rewarding career, so he took a permanent commission into the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1955. With characteristic enthusiasm and humour, he helped to establish and maintain his chosen specialty of army health and was always ready to act as mentor …
Indian authority withdraws patent for interferon granted to Roche
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2012)

India’s Intellectual Property Appellate Board has repealed the patent granted to the drug company Roche for pegylated interferon alfa-2a (Pegasys), which is used to treat hepatitis C.

The board’s order represents a watershed in the history of patents in India and a victory for patients’ groups fighting to widen access to drugs.

“This is India’s first successful post-grant opposition case,” said Eldred Tellis, director of the Sankalp Rehabilitation Trust, a non-governmental organisation that had challenged the patent. “And it is significant because the patent granted to Roche in 2006 was the first product patent on a medicine in India after …
Evaluating relationships between symptom duration and persistence of rheumatoid arthritis: does a window of opportunity exist? Results on the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic and ESPOIR cohorts
Authors: B van Nies, R Tsonaka, C Gaujoux-Viala, B Fautrel, a H M van Der Helm-van Mil, Alain Saraux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> A prolonged symptom or disease duration at treatment initiation is associated with unfavourable outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is unknown whether this relation is linear, referring to a common 'the-earlier-the-better principle', or whether a transient time frame in which the disease is more susceptible to treatment exists, referring to a 'window of opportunity'. To elucidate this, we evaluated the shape of the associations of symptom duration with persistence of RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with 1987 RA treated with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic (EAC, n=738) and Evaluation et Suivi de POlyarthrites Indifférenciées Récentes (ESPOIR) (n=533) were studied. Cox proportional hazards regression models using natural cubic splines were performed; the log-HR on DMARD-free sustained remission (the opposite of RA persistence) during 5-year follow-up was plotted against symptom duration. Discrimination was measured using time-dependent receiver operator characteristic curves. Subanalyses were performed stratified for the DMARDs used (methotrexate or other conventional DMARDs) and for anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA). <h3>Results</h3> 11.5% (85/738) and 5.4% (29/533) of EAC and ESPOIR RA patients achieved DMARD-free sustained remission. In both cohorts and all analyses, the curves depicting the log-HRs on remission in relation to symptom duration were not linear. The symptom duration with optimal discriminative ability was 14.9 weeks (95% CI 12.3 to 16.0; area under the curve (AUC) 0.61) in the EAC and 19.1 weeks (95% CI 12.3 to 28.0; AUC 0.59) in ESPOIR. For ACPA-positive RA, this was 11.4 weeks (95% CI 7.7 to 79.0; AUC 0.56) and for ACPA-negative RA 15.0 weeks (95% CI 9.7 to 48.7; AUC 0.56). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The association between symptom duration and RA persistence is not linear, suggesting the presence of a confined period in which RA is more susceptible to treatment.
Lipoproteins in the DCCT/EDIC cohort: Associations with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Alicia J. Jenkins, Timothy J. Lyons, Deyi Zheng, James D. Otvos, Daniel T. Lackland, Daniel Mcgee, W. Timothy Garvey, Richard L. Klein, None The DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Relationship of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration to Risk for Prevalent Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Adults
Authors: Guang Ning, Yufang Bi, Tiange Wang, Min Xu, Yu Xu, Yun Huang, Mian Li, Xiaoying Li, Weiqing Wang, Yuhong Chen, Yaohua Wu, Jianing Hou, Aiyun Song, Yu Liu, Shenghan Lai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Greater bisphenol A exposure has been shown to be associated with a higher risk for self-reported adverse health outcomes, including diabetes. Objective: To examine the association between bisphenol A exposure and type 2 diabetes in adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Songnan, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China. Participants: 3423 local residents aged 40 years or older who were enrolled from 27 June 2008 to 10 August 2009. Measurements: Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A from morning spot urine samples (exposure) and fasting plasma glucose concentration, plasma glucose concentration 2 hours after an oral glucose tolerance test, and serum insulin concentration (outcomes). Results: Median age of the participants was 59.0 years (interquartile range, 53.0 to 68.7 years), 40% were men, and 1087 had type 2 diabetes. The median urinary bisphenol A level was 0.81 ng/mL (interquartile range, 0.47 to 1.43 ng/mL). Clinical characteristics differed between participants with normal glucose regulation and those with impaired glucose regulation and by bisphenol A quartile, but in multivariable analyses, there was no clear association between bisphenol A levels and type 2 diabetes. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of type 2 diabetes was slightly increased for participants in the second bisphenol A quartile (0.48 to 0.81 ng/mL) (adjusted OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.64]) and the fourth quartile (>1.43 ng/mL) (adjusted OR, 1.37 [CI, 1.08 to 1.74]) but not the third quartile (0.82 to 1.43 ng/mL) (adjusted OR, 1.09 [CI, 0.86 to 1.39]), and a test of the trend of the association was not statistically significant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design and nonrandom sample of participants limit the conclusions that can be drawn. Many patients in the study already had diabetes, successful treatment of which could have obscured apparent associations. Dietary variables were not measured; however, this is necessary in observational studies of bisphenol A and diabetes because the presence of the chemical in the body may reflect consumption of sugared drinks in plastic bottles. Conclusion: These findings do not confirm a previously reported association between urinary bisphenol A levels and self-reported type 2 diabetes. Primary Funding Source: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program of Ministry of Science and Technology, Sector Funds of Ministry of Health, Creative Research Group of Ministry of Education, Major Project of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
346 EXCESSIVE VISCERAL FAT ACCUMULATION PLAYS BOTH ROLES AS THE FIRST AND SECOND HIT IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND PROGRESSION OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: E. Ishibashi, Y. Eguchi, T. Mizuta, Y. Kitajima, Y. Kawaguchi, T. Kuwashiro, S. Matsunaga, Y. Oda, I. Ozaki, K. Anzai, R. Iwakiri, N. Ono, T. Eguchi, S. Koizumi, K. Fujimoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Parental suicide after the expected death of a child at home
Authors: Dawn E Davies
Journal: BMJ (2006)

hypothyroidism is an important distraction and a possible cause of various symptoms, perhaps including the chest pain.In Scotland (population about 5 million), only 258 women under 45 had coronary heart disease diagnosed in 2004. 4If these women were evenly distributed, an average general practitioner would only see one presentation every 20 years or so.But they are not evenly distributed.I have colleagues from parts of Glasgow who would not in the least be surprised by the correct diagnosis.The likelihood of coronary heart disease is much higher in deprived communities, independent of traditional risk factors. 5For general practitioners in different places, our experiences-and consequent diagnostic practices-are quite different.We don't know how Mrs Patel's general practitioner responded to her chest pain and hypothyroidism.We know she received treatment for a presumed musculoskeletal cause, but I wonder if her thyroxine treatment was cautious (25 g is an unusually low dose) because coronary heart disease was also being considered.Not unusually, Mrs Patel re-presented with chest pain six months after angioplasty.A clinical diagnosis is now even more difficult.Even for "experienced" angina patients, it can be impossible to differentiate types of chest pain, causing some patients disabling anxiety and others to delay presentation with critical ischaemia.This time the pain was not related to exertion and, thankfully, investigations were normal.
Why doctors don't read research papers
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I have always rather liked mathematics. Patterns that are in no way discernible by intuition fall out with burning clarity when put under the lens of its methods. However, despite my awe, I find certain areas difficult. In particular I'm suspicious of algebra with its sleight of hand transformations of one thing into another. I see it this evening while watching my daughter doing her school prep. She obtains a simple formula, cranks the mechanical handle of algebraic …