tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypercalcemia in Pheochromocytoma
Authors: ANDREW F. STEWART
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

A child with a pheochromocytoma had hypercalcemia but no evidence for excessive parathyroid hormone secretion from the parathyroid glands or the pheochromocytoma. Therapy with the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor metyrosine (alpha-methyltyrosine) reversed the catecholamine excess but had no effect on the hypercalcemia. Adrenalectomy promptly reversed the hypercalcemia. Extracts of the tumor contained a substance(s) that produced both potent in-vitro bone resorption and striking adenylate-cyclase-stimulating activity in renal cortical membranes. This stimulating activity was due to activation of the parathyroid hormone receptor/adenylate cyclase complex but was not due to parathyroid hormone. Our findings document hypercalcemia in association with pheochromocytoma and show that hypercalcemia occurred in the absence of previously proposed mechanisms. We also provide preliminary characterization of the presumed responsible substance(s) and suggest that this substance(s) may be related to that associated with the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Atopy in lichen simplex (neurodermatitis cricumscripta)
Authors: GURMOHAN SINGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article Atopy in lichen simplex (neurodermatitis cricumscripta) Get access GURMOHAN SINGH GURMOHAN SINGH Head, Section of Skin and Venereal Disease, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 6, 1 December 1973, Pages 625–627, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb07589.x Published: 01 December 1973 Article history Accepted: 07 May 1973 Published: 01 December 1973
Failure to report ethical approval in child health research: review of published papers
Authors: H. Bauchner, J. Sharfstein
Journal: BMJ (2001)

More than 500 journals have adopted the uniform requirements of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, which stipulate that authors should “indicate whether the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation.”1 One major purpose of institutional review is to ensure that informed consent is obtained when possible. We investigated how often research publications about child health report ethics committee approval or informed consent.

We reviewed all research reports related to child health (involving patients <18 years, pregnant women, or clinicians providing care to children) published in 1999 in five American journals ( JAMA , New England Journal of Medicine, Pediatrics , Journal of Pediatrics , Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine ). Each report was reviewed independently by two research assistants for any statement about informed consent or ethics committee approval; if either statement was present, the report was categorised as having ethical approval. An article that referred to another publication for more details was not reviewed. …
Abstract 1452: MicroRNA-375 impairs head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion by suppressing invadopodia activity
Authors: Lizandra Jimenez, Ved P. Sharma, Jihyeon Lim, Ruth Angeletti, John Condeelis, Thomas Harris, Michael B. Prystowsky, Geoffrey Childs, Jeffrey E. Segall
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly invasive cancer, with a five-year survival rate of around 50%. Our goal is to improve patient outcome through understanding the mechanisms determining HNSCC invasiveness. Our research group previously reported that miR-375 expression levels correlate with patient survival, recurrence and distant metastasis. We have previously observed diminished HNSCC invasion in vitro correlates with increased miR-375 expression. To assess whether the miR-375 over-expressing transductant lines have reduced matrix degradation properties, a fluorescent matrix degradation assay was used. We have observed that miR-375 over-expression in HNSCC cells suppresses extracellular matrix degradation. We further determined whether miR-375 over-expressing cells show reduced invadopodium formation and maturation. We observed miR-375 expression in HNSCC cell lines reduces the number of mature invadopodia, but does not affect levels of invadopodium precursors. We examined the phosphorylation and total levels of key invadopodia components (Tks5 and cortactin) to determine whether changes in regulation or expression of these components may lead impaired matrix degradation properties. We determined that miR-375 expression in HNSCC cell lines does not reduce cellular levels of cortactin and Tks5, nor is tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin altered. To identify candidate proteins regulated by miR-375, we are utilizing stable isotope labeling of cells in cell culture (SILAC). Candidate target proteins are being validated as targets of miR-375 and tested for involvement in the diminished invasive properties of HNSCC as a result of miR-375 expression. In conclusion, increased miR-375 expression may suppress the invasive properties of HNSCC through diminished invadopodia activity. Citation Format: Lizandra Jimenez, Ved P. Sharma, Jihyeon Lim, Ruth Angeletti, John Condeelis, Thomas Harris, Michael B. Prystowsky, Geoffrey Childs, Jeffrey E. Segall. MicroRNA-375 impairs head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion by suppressing invadopodia activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1452. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1452
Infection, coagulation, and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis
Authors: U Thalheimer
Journal: Gut (2005)

Bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients are common.There is a predisposition to intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal dysmotility, and increased intestinal permeability, all leading to an increase in bacterial translocation.Bacterial translocation is the probable mechanism for some of the most common infections in cirrhosis, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, but is also the source of bacterial byproducts such as endotoxin which can cause an increase in portal pressure, impairment of liver function, and worsening of haemostasis.The effects of bacterial infection and bacterial products on portal and systemic haemodynamics in cirrhosis and clinical data on infection, from both retrospective and prospective studies of variceal bleeding and other settings, demonstrate the importance of infection in pathophysiological mechanisms in cirrhosis.This has been followed by recent clinical evidence that antibiotic therapy reverses systemic vasodilation and prevents early variceal rebleeding.
A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial by the sublingual route of immunotherapy with a standardized grass pollen extract
Authors: A. Sabbah, S. Hassoun, J. Le Sellin, C. Andre, H. Sicard
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Fifty-eight patients with well-documented history of seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis caused by grass pollens were allocated randomly on a double-blind basis to receive either sublingual therapy with a solution of purified, standardized allergen preparation (Stallergènes) or a matched placebo for 17 weeks. The assessment of the effect of oral immunotherapy, done with drops of five-grass allergen extract, was on the clinical symptoms and on the medication score of the authorized rescue treatments. The actively treated patients had significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) fewer symptoms of rhinitis (sneezing and rhinorrhea) and of conjunctivitis (redness and tears) during the pollen season than the placebo group. Consumption of nasal solution of sodium cromoglycate and of betamethasone and dexchlorpheniramine was significantly less in the desensitized group (P < 0.01). Side-effects were negligible. This study concludes that perlingual immunotherapy with grass pollen extract in grass-pollen-sensitive seasonal hay fever and conjunctivitis patients is effective, easy to perform, inexpensive, and safe.
Renal duplex doppler ultrasonography: A noninvasive predictor of kidney dysfunction and hepatorenal failure in liver disease
Authors: Joel F. Platt, James H. Ellis, Jonathan M. Rubin, Robert M. Merion, Michael R. Lucey
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Hepatorenal failure, a well-recognized complication of established liver disease, is characterized by early renal hemodynamic changes (vasoconstriction) before clinically recognized kidney disease. This renal vasoconstriction (increased renal vascular resistance) should be detectable noninvasively by Doppler ultrasonography. We studied whether renal Doppler ultrasonography detects abnormalities in patients with nonazotemic liver disease and its prognostic value for subsequent kidney status. We observed by renal Doppler ultrasonography 180 patients who had liver disease without azotemia. A simple parameter, resistive index, was derived for each subject on the basis of Doppler waveform analysis. Traditional parameters used to assess patients with liver disease were also recorded at the time of Doppler ultrasonography. Subsequent kidney outcomes were kidney dysfunction (doubling of initial creatinine level to 1.5 mg/dl [133 mumol/L]) or more and the presence or absence of the hepatorenal syndrome. Abnormal results of Doppler examinations (elevated resistive index) were seen in 76 (42%) of the 180 patients. Kidney dysfunction developed in 55% (42/76) of the patients with an elevated resistive index and 6% (6/104) of those with normal results of Doppler study (p < 0.00005). Hepatorenal syndrome developed in 26% (20/76) of subjects with an elevated resistive index and 1% (1/104) of those with a normal resistive index (p < 0.00005). Cox regression analysis identified resistive index as a significant independent predictor of subsequent hepatorenal syndrome (p < 0.00005) and kidney dysfunction (p < 0.00005). Renal duplex Doppler ultrasonography can noninvasively identify a subgroup of nonazotemic patients with liver disease that is at significantly higher risk for subsequent development of kidney dysfunction and the hepatorenal syndrome.
Relation of the American Medical Association to the State, Interstate, and Railway and National Guard Surgeons Associations.
Authors: Joseph Sharp
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Kansas City, Mo., May 19, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The writer drew up resolutions below given to present to the Tri-State Medical Society, Iowa, Illinois and Missouri, at its Kansas City meeting, April 3 and 4, 1894, and again prepared them for presentation at the meeting of the Medical Society of Missouri at Lebanon, Mo., May 15, 16, and 17. 1894, but it so happened that he was not present when opportunity offered for bringing up such matters, and therefore they were not offered at either time. However, a number of members of these Societies have read them, and urged him to present them, even at a very late hour, at the meetings of these Societies, all expressing the opinion that the measures wcruld be of the very greatest benefit to the Associations interested. As the carrying out of these resolutions involves many very radical changes in Constitutions and By-Laws,
Energy expenditure and substrate metabolism in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: effects of the pattern of food intake.
Authors: W P Verboeket-van de Venne, K R Westerterp, B van Hoek, G R Swart
Journal: Gut (1995)

Patients with liver cirrhosis are often undernourished. In healthy subjects, the pattern of food intake is one of the variables that can influence energy balance and substrate metabolism. The short term (two day) effect of the pattern of food intake in patients with cirrhosis and controls was compared. In a respiration chamber, eight patients with cirrhosis of the liver and 23 controls were fed to estimated energy balance in two meals daily (9gorging9 pattern) and four to seven meals daily (9nibbling9 pattern). Twenty four hour energy expenditure, expressed as a multiple of the sleeping metabolic rate, was reduced in patients with cirrhosis (1.31 (0.03) v 1.44 (0.02) for controls; p &lt; 0.01) because of an increased sleeping metabolic rate per kg fat free mass in these patients. In both patients and controls, the respiratory quotient was significantly lower during the morning preprandial period (9.00-12.00) on the gorging pattern, reflecting a higher oxidation ratio of fat to carbohydrate compatible with a more catabolic state. For patients with cirrhosis, a nibbling pattern of food intake, including a good breakfast and a late evening meal, would be preferable, in order to have shorter episodes of catabolism during the day.
Survival of Herpes Simplex Virus in Water Specimens Collected From Hot Tubs in Spa Facilities and on Plastic Surfaces
Authors: Lata S. Nerurkar
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Several health spas were closed temporarily because of possible nonvenereal spread of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in spa water at these facilities. We collected water specimens from two health spas and studied them for (1) the presence of HSV; (2) bromine (Br<sub>2</sub>), chlorine (Cl<sub>2</sub>), and pH levels; and (3) the ability of HSV to survive in water. No HSV could be isolated from the spa water specimens. Spa water had high levels of Cl<sub>2</sub>and Br<sub>2</sub>, tap water specimens had low levels of Cl<sub>2</sub>, and distilled water had no detectable Cl<sub>2</sub>or Br<sub>2</sub>. The addition of spa water to laboratory stock virus immediately inactivated the virus. The HSV survived four hours in the tap water and 24 hours in distilled water. The survival of HSV appeared to be related to the free halogen content of water. To approximate the conditions of survival of HSV on plastic-coated benches and seats in spa facilities, HSV was placed on plastic surfaces in a humid atmosphere at 37 to 40 °C. The virus was found to survive up to 4.5 hours under these conditions. The survival of HSV from human lesions may be different due to the presence of tissue secretions and proteins. Furthermore, transmission may require other factors, such as rubbing of skin or penetration through abrasions. However, survival of significant amounts of virus for 4.5 hours on plastic surfaces suggests that fomites such as these may be nonvenereal routes of HSV transmission. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:3081-3083)
Republicans take control of Senate, though repeal of Obamacare is unlikely
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Republicans took control of the US Senate in the 4 November mid-term elections, giving the party control of both chambers of Congress for the first time in eight years.

By the end of the night Republicans had taken seven Senate seats from the Democrats, giving the party control of 52 of the 100 seats in the chamber. In Alaska the Republican Dan Sullivan has a strong lead, but his opponent, the Democratic incumbent, Mark Begich, has declined to concede pending the count of absentee ballots. In Louisiana the incumbent Democrat, Mary Landrieu, …
Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children
Authors: Nancy B. McWilliams, Harold M. Maurer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) characteristically follows a viral illness in preschool children. The exact role of viruses in the pathogenesis of this disorder remains uncertain, but the finding of markedly elevated levels of platelet-associated IgG serves to distinguish it from the chronic form of the disease and permits speculation on the mechanisms of platelet destruction. Although the spleen is important in both antibody production and platelet destruction, bone marrow synthesis of IgG has also been shown to be increased. The clinical course may be alarming, but mortality is low and prognosis excellent. Controversy has surrounded the role of steroids in the management of acute childhood ITP in retrospective studies. Controlled studies, however, indicate that thrombocytopenia is reversed sooner in treated patients. New assays for platelet-associated IgG offer new insights into this disorder and will allow delineation of acute and chronic disease at the time of diagnosis.
The first trimester human placenta is a site for terminal maturation of primitive erythroid cells
Authors: Ben Van Handel, Sacha L. Prashad, Nargess Hassanzadeh-Kiabi, Andy Huang, Mattias Magnusson, Boriana Atanassova, Angela Chen, Eija I. Hamalainen, Hanna K. A. Mikkola
Journal: Blood (2010)
Relationship Between Burnout and Professional Conduct and Attitudes Among US Medical Students
Authors: Liselotte N. Dyrbye, F. Stanford Massie, Anne Eacker, William Harper, David Power, Steven J. Durning, Matthew R. Thomas, Christine Moutier, Daniel Satele, Jeff Sloan, Tait D. Shanafelt
Journal: JAMA (2010)

The relationship between professionalism and distress among medical students is unknown.To determine the relationship between measures of professionalism and burnout among US medical students.Cross-sectional survey of all medical students attending 7 US medical schools (overall response rate, 2682/4400 [61%]) in the spring of 2009. The survey included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the PRIME-MD depression screening instrument, and the SF-8 quality of life (QOL) assessment tool, as well as items exploring students' personal engagement in unprofessional conduct, understanding of appropriate relationships with industry, and attitudes regarding physicians' responsibility to society.Frequency of self-reported cheating/dishonest behaviors, understanding of appropriate relationships with industry as defined by American Medical Association policy, attitudes about physicians' responsibility to society, and the relationship of these dimensions of professionalism to burnout, symptoms of depression, and QOL.Of the students who responded to all the MBI items, 1354 of 2566 (52.8%) had burnout. Cheating/dishonest academic behaviors were rare (endorsed by <10%) in comparison to unprofessional conduct related to patient care (endorsed by up to 43%). Only 14% (362/2531) of students had opinions on relationships with industry consistent with guidelines for 6 scenarios. Students with burnout were more likely to report engaging in 1 or more unprofessional behaviors than those without burnout (35.0% vs 21.9%; odds ratio [OR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.24). Students with burnout were also less likely to report holding altruistic views regarding physicians' responsibility to society. For example, students with burnout were less likely to want to provide care for the medically underserved than those without burnout (79.3% vs 85.0%; OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55-0.83). After multivariable analysis adjusting for personal and professional characteristics, burnout was the only aspect of distress independently associated with reporting 1 or more unprofessional behaviors (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.45-2.13) or holding at least 1 less altruistic view regarding physicians' responsibility to society (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.35-2.01).Burnout was associated with self-reported unprofessional conduct and less altruistic professional values among medical students at 7 US schools.
Absence of a Toxic Effect of Folic Acid on the Central Nervous System of Persons without Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Earle A. Harvey, Isabel Howard, William P. Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

SUFFICIENT evidence has accumulated to indicate that folic acid alone cannot be safely used for the treatment of pernicious anemia.1 2 3 Response of the erythrocytes has not been so rapid4 and the maintenance of normal erythrocyte levels has not been so uniform with folic acid as with liver extract administered parenterally. The failure of folic acid to control the manifestations of spinal-cord damage makes its use alone a definite hazard in this disease. There are conditions in which folic acid is a valuable means of therapy, and even in pernicious anemia situations may arise for which its use in conjunction with . . .
Increasing Access to Surgical Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: Priorities for National and International Agencies Recommended by the Bellagio Essential Surgery Group
Authors: Sam Luboga, Sarah B. Macfarlane, Johan von Schreeb, Margaret E. Kruk, Meena N. Cherian, Staffan Bergström, Paul B. M. Bossyns, Ernest Denerville, Delanyo Dovlo, Moses Galukande, Renee Y. Hsia, Sudha P. Jayaraman, Lindsey A. Lubbock, Charles Mock, Doruk Ozgediz, Patrick Sekimpi, Andreas Wladis, Ahmed Zakariah, Naméoua Babadi Dade, Peter Donkor, Jane Kabutu Gatumbu, Patrick Hoekman, Carel B. IJsselmuiden, Dean T. Jamison, Nasreen Jessani, Peter Jiskoot, Ignatius Kakande, Jacqueline R. Mabweijano, Naboth Mbembati, Colin McCord, Cephas Mijumbi, Helder de Miranda, Charles A. Mkony, Pascoal Mocumbi, Jean Bosco Ndihokubwayo, Pierre Ngueumachi, Gebreamlak Ogbaselassie, Evariste Lodi Okitombahe, Cheikh Tidiane Toure, Fernando Vaz, Charlotte M. Zikusooka, Haile T. Debas
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

In this Policy Forum, the Bellagio Essential Surgery Group, which was formed to advocate for increased access to surgery in Africa, recommends four priority areas for national and international agencies to target in order to address the surgical burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
Law and the Surgical Team
Authors: Burton A. Russman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In the preface the authors state their hope that each member of the surgical team "in addition to having a deep respect for the practice of medicine, will acquire a great respect for the practice of law." This extremely well-written and authoritative book provides an exhaustive discussion of each member of the surgical team, from the hospital admission clerk to recovery room nurse—with stops along the way—and can be profitably read by every physician who either performs surgery himself, or recommends it for one of his patients. Since the doctrine of charitable immunity has been abandoned, the hospital has become liable for the acts of its agents within the course and scope of their employment. Various jurisdictions have interpreted liability in different ways and this is thoroughly discussed by the authors. The surgeon, labeled the "captain of the ship" in the operating room, is held liable only for negligence
Nickel-sensitive patients with vesicular hand eczema: oral challenge with a diet naturally high in nickel
Authors: G.D. NIELSEN, L.V. JEPSEN, P.J. JORGENSEN, P. GRANDJEAN, F. BRANDRUP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Oral challenge with nickel sulphate indicated that vesicular hand eczema in nickel-sensitive patients may be exacerbated by nickel occurring naturally in the diet. Twelve nickel-sensitive females with vesicular hand eczema were challenged with a supplementary high nickel diet for 4 days in a single-blind cross-over study. The diet had about five times the average nickel content of the daily Danish diet. An aggravation of the hand eczema was observed in six out of 12 patients on day 4 after the start of the challenge. By day 11, the hand eczema was worse in 10 out of 12 patients, and remained unchanged in two.