tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
'Deradiating' the Former Uranium Capital
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE URANIUM ATOM that once hovered over a mountaintop has disappeared from the seal of the city of Grand Junction, Colo. In its place is a setting sun. The substitution is telling. The city that once proclaimed itself "The Uranium Capital of America" is in the process of divorcing itself from the radioactive element—literally as well as symbolically. The last vestiges of uranium are being shoveled from the community. The removal is part of the federal Department of Energy's (DOE) Remedial Action Program. It was established in 1972 to clean up areas of the country in which radiation exposure in excess of normal background levels could be attributed to wastes from DOE-operated uranium processing plants. Grand Junction was the first area to qualify. A good portion of the city is built on radioactive tailings—by-products of a uranium-processing industry. The tailings emit small amounts of radon—one of the radioactive decay products
Should we dump the metabolic syndrome?: Yes
Authors: Edwin A M Gale
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The number of people with the metabolic syndrome is rising alongside obesity. Nevertheless, <b>Edwin Gale </b>believes the diagnosis has little practical value. <b>George Alberti </b>and<b> P Z Zimmet, </b>however, think it increases the detection of people at high risk of diabetes and heart disease
Treatment of Localized Myxoedema
Authors: I. Sarkany
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Towards the end of August a numtber of young girls weredseen with a different pattern of acne vulgaris.Tohe lesions were either confined to the forehead or most marked on the forehead (Fig. 1).All these girls had in common a popular hair style with a fringe coming down to the eyebrows (Fig. 2).It .,.,
Behaviour of former justice senator in Hamburg prompts court to rule against commercial suicide assistance
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A court in Hamburg, Germany, has ruled that helping someone to commit suicide for financial gain should no longer be legal. 

It decided this month that Dr Roger Kusch, senator for justice in Hamburg from 2001 to 2006, should no longer be allowed to continue his practice of helping people to kill themselves for a fee. 

In 2007 Dr Kusch, a former member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, had founded “Dr Roger Kusch Sterbehilfe,” a registered society promoting the right to die (www.kuschsterbehilfe.de ).

So far, Dr Kusch has helped three elderly women and two men, none of whom were terminally ill, to end their lives. They each paid a fee of €6500 (£5820; $8300) to Dr Kusch and …
TIME OF CONCEPTION AND OF OVULATION IN RELATION TO THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: S. A. ASDELL
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Although a few cases are on record which indicate that menstruation in woman, as in the monkey,<sup>1</sup>may occur independently of ovulation, it is held that, in general, ovulation occurs at a fairly definite time in each period, producing a corpus luteum which regulates the time of onset of the succeeding menstruation. Evidence for this has been obtained from patients at operation or from autopsies.<sup>2</sup>The actual day is given as between the eighth and the seventeenth, the exact time varying with the author. Woman differs from the female in other species examined, except the macaque, in allowing coitus at any time during the cycle, and the question accordingly arises whether conception may occur at any time. This would appear to be unlikely if ovulation occurs at a definite point in the cycle, for it is improbable that the ovum preserves the power of fertilization for long after
Abstract 3994: Expression levels of EGFR-ligands are up-regulated in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant cell line
Authors: Kazuko Sakai, Tokuzo Arao, Kazuyuki Furuta, Tomoyuki Nagai, Kanae Kudo, Hiroyasu Kaneda, Daisuke Tamura, Keiichi Aomatsu, Yoshihiko Fujita, Kazuko Matsumoto, Fumiaki Koizumi, Kazuto Nishio
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often highly expressed in many solid tumors and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) demonstrated the therapeutic benefit for non small cell lung cancer in clinical setting. We previously established the EGFR-TKI resistant cell lines derived from highly parental sensitive cell line with constitutively active EGFR mutation, PC-9. EGFR-TKI-resistant cell line shows about 1000 fold resistant for EGFR-TKI compared with parental PC-9 cells. We performed the microarray and exon array analysis for these cell lines and identified that 30 genes were altered the gene expressions over 5 fold between two cell lines. There were no gene expression changes in EGFR, HER4, AKT and adaptor molecules, whereas HER2 and HER3 were down-regulated and MET were up-regulated in resistant cells. Interestingly, several ligands of EGFR such as TGF alpha, epiregulin, amphiregulin and HB-EGF were up-regulated in EGFR-TKI resistant cell lines, suggesting that the ligand expression change are associated with the phenotype of drug resistant and may be useful molecular biomarkers for EGFR-TKI treatment. We are now investigating the functional analysis for these identified genes and analysing the result of exon array. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3994.
Histological evidence of carcinoma in a hepatic tumour associated with oral contraceptives.
Authors: M Davis, B Portmann, M Searle, R Wright, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A primary hepatic tumour occurred in a 21-year-old woman who had been taking oral contraceptives for two years; she was treated by partial hepatectomy. Part of the neoplasm showed features suggestive of focal nodular hyperplasia, while the remainder had the histological characteristics of a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. This is the first report of malignant transformation of a tumour in a patient taking oral contraceptives.
Reproductive Mortality in Massachusetts in 1981
Authors: Sachs Bp, Masterson T, Jewett Jf, Guyer B
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

REPRODUCTIVE MORTALITY IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 1981B. P. Sachs, M.B., B.S., D.P.H., T. Masterson, B.A., J. F. Jewett, M.D., and B. Guyer, M.D., M.P.H.Maternal mortality has declined in the United States by 50 per cent during the past decade.1 The decline has coincided with an increase in the use of contraception, sterilization, and legal abortion. A survey reported by the National Center for Health Statistics showed that 22 per cent of women 15 to 44 years old use oral contraceptives.2 To examine the consequence of these changes, Beral proposed the use of the reproductive mortality rate as a measure . . .
Lung Defense Mechanisms
Authors: M. Newhouse, J. Sanchis, J. Bienenstock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

MacrophagesThe alveolar macrophage system has been extensively studied. Alveolar macrophages are responsible for the physical removal of inhaled particles although the major clearance mechanism consists of the mucociliary transport system. Mackaness has shown151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 that alveolar macrophages may be activated or armed in infectious processes to render them more capable of dealing with potential pathogens. Lymphocytes may be specifically sensitized to antigen and interact with macrophages, which themselves may become activated. Activated macrophages have a higher lysosomal enzyme level,151 are more phagocytic154 and possess more bacteriocidal activity155,156 than nonactivated cells. Once activated, macrophages display non-antigen-specific capacity . . .
Hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells in rat nasal epithelium induced by endotoxin.
Authors: T Shimizu, Y Takahashi, S Kawaguchi, Y Sakakura
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To elucidate the mechanisms of epithelial mucus hypersecretion in upper respiratory airway inflammation, we produced hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells in rat nasal respiratory epithelium by intranasal instillation of endotoxin. Significant increase of hypertrophic goblet cells was induced in the septal epithelium transversely sectioned at the level of incisive papilla at 24 h after the intranasal instillation of 0.1 mg of endotoxin. This change was completed after 3 d of endotoxin instillations and recovered by normal epithelium 7 d after the last instillation. Total cell number and the number of basal and ciliated cells counted over 2 mm of basal lamina did not change; however, the number of goblet cells increased and that of nongranulated secretory cells decreased time-dependently after endotoxin instillations. Mitotic rates examined after a 6-h colchicine metaphase blockade were very low at any time point studied, and cell division did not play a major role in this process. These results indicate that endotoxin induces hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells in rat nasal epithelium rather than a hyperplastic change, and this metaplasia is produced by direct conversion of nongranulated secretory cells into the goblet cells. Histochemical examination of this epithelium revealed that most of the mucus produced by these goblet cells was sulfomucin. Intraperitoneal injection of antirat neutrophil antiserum or cyclophosphamide depleted circulating blood neutrophils. Endotoxin-induced changes of goblet cells were significantly inhibited in these neutrophil-depleted rats, and intranasal instillation of elastase also induced hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells.
A RASH analysis of National Toxicology Program data: predictions for 30 compounds to be tested in rodent carcinogenesis experiments.
Authors: T D Jones, C E Easterly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Relative potencies for 30 compounds scheduled for carcinogenic testing in the 2-year rodent bioassays were estimated based on comparisons with a wide variety of bioassay data for benzo[a]pyrene, nicotine, cisplatin, aflatoxin B1, and cyclophosphamide. Potential for oncogenic transformation of each of the compounds was estimated from short-term bioassays. Promoting strength was assigned on the basis of comparisons of the product of relative potency and test dose with the distribution of similar products obtained for 67 common compounds in the data-base of Gold et al. A potency class for promotion was assigned on the basis of whether the potency-adjusted test dosage was > 2 sigma below the mean, > 1 sigma below the mean, within +/- sigma of the mean, > sigma above the mean, or > 2 sigma above the mean, as determined from the 67 compounds. The underlying hypothesis is that a weak test dose may have a low probability of revealing a potential carcinogen, whereas a strong dose may have a high probability of producing false-positive results. Predictions are therefore directed at the central 68% of the log-normal frequency distribution according to the assumption that +/- sigma represents the ideal test dose.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE NASOPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS FROM INFLUENZA PATIENTS
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, Frederick L. Gates
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

The experiments described furnish additional evidence of the pathogenic character and the virtual identity of the various strains of the active agent derived from the nasopharyngeal secretions of influenzal patients with which the transmission experiments in rabbits have been carried out. The active material has been shown to be of antigenic nature, so that rabbits are protected from the effects of a second inoculation. The experiments indicate also the antigenic identity of the various strains of the active agent with each other and with Bacterium pneumosintes. Finally, the experiments show that the protection may persist for 14 months which is the longest period yet tested.
In search of an optimal health care system.
Authors: S G Goldstein
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Australians have lived through many changes in their health care system in the past decade.If you took seriously the rhetoric of the politicians and public servants responsible for the changes, you might have believed that they had been searching for the elusive optimal health care system.In reality, they were probably responding to the tensions among the powerful actors in the health arena.This paper describes the development of the system, identifies its problems, and shows how attempts at solving them have generated instability owing to the lack of consensus among those powerful actors.
Points from Letters: Thyroid Scanning
Authors: O. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1974)

poem.I was particularly interested as there is a current neglect of medals as a source of medical history.May I make some observations on the medal itself?The object under the lancet on the reverse is a vaccine point, perhaps of ivory, on which the material, fresh or dry, would be conveyed to the scarified area.Ampoules were not used for biological material until sterilization was understood.Incidentally, the goddess has a bandage round her left arm as though she had been recently vaccinated, surely a work of supererogation. . Schonlein versus Henoch
H3K9 Histone Methyltransferase, KMT1E/SETDB1, Cooperates with the SMAD2/3 Pathway to Suppress Lung Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Pei-Chun Wu, Jeng-Wei Lu, Jer-Yen Yang, I-Hsuan Lin, Da-Liang Ou, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Kuan-Hsien Chou, Wen-Feng Huang, Wan-Ping Wang, Yih-Leh Huang, Chiun Hsu, Liang-In Lin, Yueh-Min Lin, C.-K. James Shen, Tsai-Yu Tzeng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Aberrant histone methylation is a frequent event during tumor development and progression. KMT1E (also known as SETDB1) is a histone H3K9 methyltransferase that contributes to epigenetic silencing of both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells. In this report, we demonstrate that KMT1E acts as a metastasis suppressor that is strongly downregulated in highly metastatic lung cancer cells. Restoring KMT1E expression in this setting suppressed filopodia formation, migration, and invasive behavior. Conversely, loss of KMT1E in lung cancer cells with limited metastatic potential promoted migration in vitro and restored metastatic prowess in vivo. Mechanistic investigations indicated that KMT1E cooperates with the TGFβ-regulated complex SMAD2/3 to repress metastasis through ANXA2. Together, our findings defined an essential role for the KMT1E/SMAD2/3 repressor complex in TGFβ-mediated lung cancer metastasis.
The Transformed Cell: Unlocking the Mysteries of Cancer
Authors: Emil J. Freireich
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Here we have the inside story behind one of the most media-exposed research projects of the last 20 years. The book is an easily readable and even exciting and entertaining description of the research that led to the discovery of the now famous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and the more recent, and perhaps more famous, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cells. The book presents in a highly dramatic and personal way the events that occurred in Dr Rosenberg's research career, which culminated in the first approved protocols attempting to use "gene therapy" to alter the genetic constitution of patients with malignant diseases. Here is a David and Goliath story told in fluent prose with an air of excitement, which should be entertaining to all readers. Our hero, David, is a person of enormous energy. He gets to the hospital regularly at 5:30 AM and works late into the evening. He is not
Sox10 is expressed in primary melanocytic neoplasms of various histologies but not in fibrohistiocytic proliferations and histiocytoses
Authors: Jeonghyun Shin, Jeremy G. Vincent, Jonathan D. Cuda, Haiyang Xu, Sewon Kang, Jinah Kim, Janis M. Taube
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Evaluation of reagent strips in detecting asymptomatic bacteriuria in early pregnancy: prospective case series
Authors: D. G Tincello, D. H Richmond
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To evaluate the performance of reagent test strips in screening pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria at their first visit to an antenatal clinic.Prospective case series.Antenatal clinic of a large inner city maternity hospital.All women attending for their first antenatal clinic. Patients taking antibiotics for any reason and those with urinary tract symptoms were excluded.A midstream urine specimen was divided; half was sent for microscopy and formal bacteriological culture and the other half was tested with a commercial reagent strip test for the presence of blood, protein, nitrite, and leucocyte esterase.Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the reagent strips in diagnosing asymptomatic bacteriuria (defined as 10(5) colony forming units/ml urine).Sensitivity was low, with a maximum of 33% when all four tests were used in combination. Specificity was high, with typical values of 99% or more. Positive predictive value reached a maximum of 69% and negative predictive value was typically 95% or more.Urine reagent strips are not sufficiently sensitive to be of use in the screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria and therefore many patients would be missed. In view of the potentially serious sequelae of this condition in pregnant women we recommend that formal bacteriological investigation remain the investigation of choice in this group of patients.
Toxicity of vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride): a critical review.
Authors: J K Wagoner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

In 1974, vinyl chloride (VC) was first reported in the open scientific literature to induce angiosarcoma of the liver both in humans and in animals. Additional research has now demonstrated the carcinogenicity of VC to other organs and at lower concentrations. The target organs for VC now clearly include the liver, brain and the lung, and probably the lymphohematopoietic system. The evidence for a carcinogenic risk has been extended to jobs associated with poly(vinyl chloride) exposure. Cases of liver angiosarcoma have been reported among individuals employed in PVC fabrication facilities and an epidemiological study has demonstrated a significant association between exposure to PVC dust and the risk of lung cancer mortality. Cases of angiosarcoma of the liver also have been reported among individuals living in near proximity to vinyl chloride-poly(vinyl chloride) plants. An association between PVC dust and pneumoconiosis also has been demonstrated. On the basis of findings, prudent control of PVC dust in the industrial setting is indicated.
Codes and their vicissitudes
Authors: Bernhard Hommel, Jochen Müsseler, Gisa Aschersleben, Wolfgang Prinz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

First, we discuss issues raised with respect to the Theory of Event Coding (TEC)'s scope, that is, its limitations and possible extensions. Then, we address the issue of specificity, that is, the widespread concern that TEC is too unspecified and, therefore, too vague in a number of important respects. Finally, we elaborate on our views about TEC's relations to other important frameworks and approaches in the field like stages models, ecological approaches, and the two-visual-pathways model.
Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel–Topotecan–Etoposide Followed by Consolidation Chemoradiotherapy for Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: CALGB 30002
Authors: Antonius A. Miller, Xiaofei F. Wang, Jeffrey A. Bogart, Lydia D. Hodgson, Caio M. S. Rocha Lima, James E. Radford, Everett E. Vokes, Mark R. Green
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
miR-138 exerts anti-glioma efficacy by targeting immune checkpoints
Authors: Jun Wei, Edjah Nduom, Ling-Yuan Kong, Fei Wang, Shuo Xu, Konrad Gabrusiewicz, Ali Alum, Greg Fuller, George Calin, Amy B Heimberger
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts The immune checkpoints, CTLA-4 and PD-1, are negative regulators of T cell activation and are inducers of FoxP3+ Tregs. Monoclonal antibody therapy to each has demonstrated tumor regression in clinical trials and potent therapeutic synergy has been observed when used in
A(-20)C polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene and progression of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Shin Goto, Ichiei Narita, Noriko Saito, Yasuo Watanabe, Hajime Yamazaki, Minoru Sakatsume, Hisaki Shimada, Shinichi Nishi, Mitsuhiro Ueno, Kohei Akazawa, Masaaki Arakawa, Fumitake Gejyo
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Resolving the multifaceted mechanisms of the ferric chloride thrombosis model using an interdisciplinary microfluidic approach
Authors: Jordan C. Ciciliano, Yumiko Sakurai, David R. Myers, Meredith E. Fay, Beatrice Hechler, Shannon Meeks, Renhao Li, J. Brandon Dixon, L. Andrew Lyon, Christian Gachet, Wilbur A. Lam
Journal: Blood (2015)
Influence of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mercedes R. Carnethon, David R. Jacobs, Stephen Sidney, Kiang Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—We investigated whether autonomic nervous system dysfunction, estimated by slow heart rate recovery (HRR) following cessation of an exercise treadmill test, was associated with increases in insulin and glucose over time and the development of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Maximal exercise tests were performed by 3,295 healthy adults aged 18–30 years in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Repeat measurements of insulin and glucose collected at 7-, 10-, and 15-year examinations were compared by quartiles of HRR (maximum heart rate minus heart rate 2 min after cessation of the test). Incident diabetes was identified at any follow-up examination as glucose ≥7 mmol/l or the use of diabetes control medication. RESULTS—Among participants who did not develop diabetes, fasting insulin concentrations increased from baseline to year 15. Following adjustment (for age, race, sex, smoking status, and BMI), participants with the slowest HRR (quartile 1) had higher fasting insulin at each examination than participants with faster HRR (e.g., year 15 examination: 88.1 vs. 81.3 pmol/l for quartile 1 vs. quartile 4, respectively, P = 0.05). Glucose did not differ by quartile of HRR at any examination. Among participants with poor fitness, the risk of developing diabetes (n = 98) was 3.4-fold greater (95% CI 1.5–8.0) when HRR was &amp;lt;42 vs. &amp;gt;42 bpm. This persisted following adjustment for baseline insulin. CONCLUSIONS—Autonomic dysfunction, in combination with poor physical fitness, may be a mechanism associated with early glucose dysmetabolism and the development of diabetes.