tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Force feeding at Guantanamo in first case brought to US federal court
Authors: S. S. Crosby, S. N. Xenakis, L. H. Glantz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

There is no standard method of analysis of scintigraphic colonic transit investigation. This study was designed to compare 4 techniques. <b>Methods:</b> Sixteen subjects (median age, 37.5 y; range, 21–61 y), who had sustained a spinal cord injury more than a year before the study, were given a pancake labeled with 10–18 MBq of <sup>111</sup>In bound to resin beads to eat. Anterior and posterior images were acquired with a γ-camera 3 h after the meal and then 3 times a day for the next 4 d. Seven regions of interest, outlining the ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, rectosigmoid, and total abdominal activity at each time point, were drawn on the anterior and posterior images. The counts were decay corrected and the geometric mean (GM), for each region, at each time point calculated. The GM was used to calculate the percentage of the initial total abdominal activity in each region, at each time point. Colonic transit was assessed in 4 ways: (a) Three independent nuclear medicine physicians visually assessed transit on the analog images and classified subjects into 5 categories of colonic transit (rapid, intermediate, generalized delay, right-sided delay, or left-sided delay). (b) Parametric images were constructed from the percentage activity in each region at each time point. (c) The arrival and clearance times of the activity in the right and left colon were plotted as time–activity curves. (d) The geometric center of the distribution of the activity was calculated and plotted on a graph versus time. The results of these 4 methods were compared using an agreement matrix. <b>Results:</b> Though simple to perform, the visual assessment was unreliable. The best agreement occurred between the parametric images and the arrival and clearance times of the activity in the right and left colon. <b>Conclusion:</b> The different methods of assessment do not produce uniform results. The best option for evaluating colonic transit appears to be a combination of the analog images, which provide a general overview of colonic transit and a quantitative method that demonstrates segmental transit.
Collaboration in Response to Disaster — Typhoon Yolanda and an Integrative Model
Authors: Ofer Merin, Yitshak Kreiss, Guy Lin, Elon Pras, David Dagan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

An Israeli medical relief team that usually deploys a freestanding, self-sufficient field hospital found in the Philippines that when a local facility is partly functional, there are important short- and long-term benefits to full integration with the local units.
IMPACT OF RESIDUAL SIDE-BRANCH STENOSIS ON CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC OUTCOME AFTER SINGLE DES IMPLANTATION WITH FINAL KISSING BALLOON TECHNIQUE
Authors: Shinya Sasaki, Toshiya Muramatsu, Reiko Tsukahara, Yoshiaki Ito, Hiroshi Ishimori, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Masahiro Yamawaki, Motoharu Araki, Hideyuki Takimura, Yasunari Sakamoto, Ikki Komatsu, Takuro Takama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A plea for Popperian significance testing
Authors: Zeno G. Swijtink
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Even in a theory corroboration context, attention to effect size is called for if significance testing is to be of any value. I sketch a Popperian construal of significance tests that better fits into scientific inference as a whole. Because of its many errors Chow's book cannot be recommended to the novice.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Microalbuminuria, and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Khaled M. Musallam
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Names for Drugs: What is USAN?
Authors: John Andrako
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Readers sometimes express a curiosity about the reasons for supporting editorial choices of material, particularly of features that regularly appear in journals over a long period of time. TheNew Namescolumn (see p 2421), providing information on the formal selection of nonproprietary names for new drugs, is a JAMA column that has appeared monthly, virtually without interruption, since 1961. What editorial decision supports the regular publication of theNew Namescolumn?  Names for drugs are one of the tools of the health professions—a means by which physicians convey their therapeutic decisions to colleagues, pharmacists, nurses, and, increasingly, to patients as well.  Although the American Medical Association has been involved in the selection of nonproprietary names for drugs since 1911, it became evident during the Kefauver hearings of the early 1960s that neither its participation nor the selected names had received adequate publicity. Thus, one purpose of theNew Names
Investing in midwives is essential to reduce maternal mortality in fragile states
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The effect of changes in packed cell volume was studied in two commonly used reagent strip methods (Dextrostix and Reflotest) of measuring blood glucose and in a filter paper blood spot method. It was found that the results with both the reagent strip methods were greatly haematocrit-dependent. Attention is drawn to the possibility of false diagnoses of hypoglycaemia in haemoconcentrated patients and of normoglycaemia in anaemic patients.
Hepatitis B virus PreS/S gene variants: Pathobiology and clinical implications
Authors: Teresa Pollicino, Irene Cacciola, Francesca Saffioti, Giovanni Raimondo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

The emergence and takeover of hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants carrying mutation(s) in the preS/S genomic region is a fairly frequent event that may occur spontaneously or may be the consequence of immunoprophylaxis or antiviral treatments. Selection of preS/S mutants may have relevant pathobiological and clinical implications. Both experimental data and studies in humans show that several specific mutations in the preS/S gene may induce an imbalance in the synthesis of the surface proteins and their consequent retention within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the hepatocytes. The accumulation of mutated surface proteins may cause ER stress with the consequent induction of oxidative DNA damage and genomic instability. Viral mutants with antigenically modified surface antigen may be potentially infectious to immune-prophylaxed patients and may account for cases of occult HBV infection. In addition, preS/S variants were reported to be associated with cases of fulminant hepatitis as well as of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis, and they are associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development.
Seven-Year Remission in an Adult with Acute Leukemia
Authors: William Dameshek, W. J. Mitus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ACUTE leukemia has usually been considered a rapidly fatal disease, but with the advent of antimetabolites and corticosteroid therapy, lengthy remissions have frequently been reported, particularly in childhood.1 , 2 In some cases repeated remissions have been obtained by a change from one antimetabolite to another, or by the judicious use of large-dose corticosteroid therapy.3 4 5 There can be no question now that definite prolongation of life-span has been achieved. However, in acute leukemia in adults, prolonged remissions with antimetabolite therapy have been unusual, and survival beyond a year, and even more so beyond two years, is exceptional.6 , 7 The purpose of this communication . . .
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of the Late Effects of Anthracyclines Among Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Kaisa Ylänen, Tuija Poutanen, Päivi Savikurki-Heikkilä, Irina Rinta-Kiikka, Anneli Eerola, Kim Vettenranta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Strong anti-tobacco treaty rejected by two rich nations
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

All but two of the member states of the World Health Organization—the United States and Germany—agreed on Saturday to a tougher than expected global treaty to reduce tobacco consumption.

Health activists who recently accused negotiators of watering down the text as a result of pressure from the tobacco industry (22 February, p 412) welcomed it as a “major step forward in reversing the global tobacco epidemic.”

The WHO's director general, Gro Harlem Brundtland, who has made the anti-tobacco treaty the centrepiece of her tenure, hailed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control as a “milestone in the history of public health.”

The agreement includes a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, marketing, and …
Transoral Small-Bowel Biopsy as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Malabsorption States
Authors: Robert J. Bolt, H. Marvin Pollard, Ludovic Standaert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IT was in 1880 that Manson's1 report first established tropical sprue as a clinical entity. Eight years later, Gee's2 classic account of a distinct type of diarrhea, occurring in people of all ages but especially in children, appeared; in this article he stated, "I cannot tell whether atrophy of the glandular crypts of the intestine be ever or always present." From that time up to the present, other reports have appeared, but have not settled the issue of the presence or absence of atrophic changes in nontropical sprue. Also, very little advance has been made in determining the etiology or . . .
Complete Congenital Separation of all the Bones of the Cranium.
Authors: B. Roseberry
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Florence, Colo., Oct. 8, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Recently I attended a lady in confinement, who gave birth to female child at term-presenting such a remarkable and unusual anomaly of osseous development—that I herewith hand you the details, in brief, for publication. The fetus presented by the occiput and nothing unusual was observed till the head engaged in the vulvar outlet, when great mobility was apparent to the touch. After delivery, which was normal—assisted by traction with the hand only—all the cranial bones were found to be completely disunited at their sutural lines.<i>Not one</i>was united with its fellow, and in the case of the frontal bone, the two halves were ununited as in very early fetal life. No union anywhere had ever existed, although the individual bones were perfectly formed, and when held in proper position in the hands, made a cranium of normal shape and size. In
Activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in T-lineage cells inhibits TCR repertoire selection in the thymus and peripheral T-cell activation
Authors: Nicola J. Rowbotham, Ariadne L. Hager-Theodorides, Marek Cebecauer, Divya K. Shah, Ekati Drakopoulou, Julian Dyson, Susan V. Outram, Tessa Crompton
Journal: Blood (2007)

Abstract TCR signal strength is involved in many cell fate decisions in the T-cell lineage. Here, we show that transcriptional events induced by Hedgehog (Hh) signaling reduced TCR signal strength in mice. Activation of Hh signaling in thymocytes in vivo by expression of a transgenic transcriptional-activator form of Gli2 (Gli2\#916;N2) changed the outcome of TCR ligation at many stages of thymocyte development, allowing self-reactive cells to escape clonal deletion; reducing transgenic TCR-mediated positive selection; reducing the ratio of CD4/CD8 single-positive (SP) cells; and reducing cell surface CD5 expression. In contrast, in the Shh\#8722;/\#8722; thymus the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells and both positive and negative selection of a transgenic TCR were increased, demonstrating that Shh does indeed influence TCR repertoire selection and the transition from double-positive (DP) to SP cell in a physiological situation. In peripheral T cells, Gli2\#916;N2 expression attenuated T-cell activation and proliferation, by a mechanism upstream of ERK phosphorylation.
Abstract 8: Reptin is required for the transcription of telomerase reverse transcriptase and overexpressed in gastric cancer
Authors: Wenjuan Li, Jihui Jia, Jiping Zeng, Qiao Li, Magnus Björkholm, Dawei Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Telomerase is activated in oncogenesis, which confers an immortal phenotype to cancer cells. The AAA+ ATPases Reptin and Pontin have recently been identified to be required for telomerase biogenesis by maintaining telomerase RNA (hTER) stability. Given their roles in chromatin remodeling and transcription regulation, we determined the effect of Reptin and Pontin on the transcription of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, a key component of the telomerase complex. The depletion of Reptin or Pontin in gastric and cervical cancer cells led to significant decreases in hTERT mRNA, but hTERT promoter activity was inhibited in only Reptin-depleted cells. Reptin interacted with the c-MYC oncoprotein and its stimulatory effect on the hTERT promoter was significantly dependent on functional E-boxes in the promoter. Moreover, Reptin bound to the hTERT proximal promoter and the loss of the Reptin occupancy led to dissociation of c-MYC from the hTERT promoter in Reptin-depleted cancer cells. We further demonstrated that Reptin inhibition dramatically impaired clonogenic potential of gastric cancer cells and that Reptin was over-expressed in primary gastric cancer specimens. Collectively, the hTERT gene is a direct target of Reptin, and hTERT transcription requires constitutive expression of Reptin and its cooperation with c-MYC. Thus Reptin regulates telomerase at two different levels. This finding, together with the requirement of Reptin for clonogenic potentials of cancer cells and its widespread over-expression in primary gastric cancer, suggests that Reptin may be a putative cancer therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 8.
Novel Arrhythmogenic Mechanism Revealed by a Long-QT Syndrome Mutation in the Cardiac Na <sup>+</sup> Channel
Authors: Hugues Abriel, Candido Cabo, Xander H. T. Wehrens, Ilaria Rivolta, Howard K. Motoike, Mirella Memmi, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia G. Priori, Robert S. Kass
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Variant 3 of the congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS-3) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the α subunit of the cardiac Na + channel. In the present study, we report a novel LQTS-3 mutation, E1295K (EK), and describe its functional consequences when expressed in HEK293 cells. The clinical phenotype of the proband indicated QT interval prolongation in the absence of T-wave morphological abnormalities and a steep QT/R-R relationship, consistent with an LQTS-3 lesion. However, biophysical analysis of mutant channels indicates that the EK mutation changes channel activity in a manner that is distinct from previously investigated LQTS-3 mutations. The EK mutation causes significant positive shifts in the half-maximal voltage (V 1/2 ) of steady-state inactivation and activation (+5.2 and +3.4 mV, respectively). These gating changes shift the window of voltages over which Na + channels do not completely inactivate without altering the magnitude of these currents. The change in voltage dependence of window currents suggests that this alteration in the voltage dependence of Na + channel gating may cause marked changes in action potential duration because of the unique voltage-dependent rectifying properties of cardiac K + channels that underlie the plateau and terminal repolarization phases of the action potential. Na + channel window current is likely to have a greater effect on net membrane current at more positive potentials (EK channels) where total K + channel conductance is low than at more negative potentials (wild-type channels), where total K + channel conductance is high. These findings suggest a fundamentally distinct mechanism of arrhythmogenesis for congenital LQTS-3.
Provident associations and medical fees.
Authors: P. K. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1992)

gastric motility as observed in states of reduced dietary intake such as anorexia nervosa.' Un- fortunately, Chua and colleagues do not report dietary data or body mass indices.All functional diseases must ultimately be explicable in terms of biochemical phenomena.Do patients benefit more, however, from the comfortable assertion that they have a "neuro- transmitter problem" and the pharmacological treatments that this inevitably suggests or by doctors addressing the psychosocial stressors that underlie or exacerbate the diseases?Evidence suggests that accepting a medicalising label and its attendant invalid role may be associated with delayed recovery in patients without demonstrable organic disease.'
ON THE USE OF EPITHELIAL GRAFTS FOR REPLACING THE OCULAR CONJUNCTIVA.
Authors: F. C. HOTZ
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The unsatisfactory results obtained by the transplantation of rabbit's conjunctiva upon the eyeball, the laborious work of freeing from all shreds of submucous tissue the mucous flaps cut out with scissors or scalpels; and on the other hand, the ease with which Thiersch's skin grafts can be obtained and the certainty with which they grow in their new bed, have induced me many years ago to make use of Thiersch's grafts in operations for pterygium, symblepharon and other conditions where it was desirable to replace lost conjunctiva. The results obtained by these operations were very satisfactory; the grafts answered the purpose for which they were implanted; in many instances they became after some time as smooth and glossy as the surrounding conjunctiva; and though in other cases they continued producing a white coating of epidermis cells, I have never found this condition to cause any irritation. Still I have always
Prognosis in industrial dermatitis.
Authors: B Bentley-Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1971)

fill this seat, the choice lies between a career grade officer, a general practitioner, or a hospital junior doctor with a number of house appointments behind him.If staffing is to be entirely by career grade officers, then the minimum number is five and not four as suggested by Mr. F. C. Durbin and Mr. J. S. Batchelor (14 August, p. 432).To staff with only four would mean a 42-hour week without taking into account time for handing over between shifts, holidays, study leave, or sickness.For these career grade officers, there is need for consultant pay without specialist
Lecture notes on the liver
Authors: N McIntyre
Journal: Gut (1986)

Use of alpha-tocopherylquinone in ulcerative colitis SIR,-The personal experience reported by J D Bennet (Gut 1986; 27: 695-7) on the use of alpha-tocopherylquinone in the treatment of ulcera- tive colitis appears to be a most valuable contri- bution.Tocopherols and their quinone derivatives are potent inhibitors of fatty-acid oxydation.' There is a striking correlation between consumption of polyun- saturated chemically processed fats -for example, margarine and shortening, and incidence of in- flammatory bowel disease.2 3 Such polyunsaturated fats have a tendency to form peroxides which in turn are potent inhibitors of prostacyclin-synthesis.4The most plausible mode of action for alphatocopherylquinone is a blockade of fatty acid- oxidation and a restoration of host defense mechanisms in the bowel mucosa.
Tumor-to-tumor Metastases to Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Studies of Two Unusual Cases
Authors: Jing Yu, Marina N. Nikiforova, Steven P. Hodak, John H. Yim, Guoping Cai, Andrew Walls, Yuri E. Nikiforov, Raja R. Seethala
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2009)
Clinical Lecture on Tibio-Femoral Impaction: A New Method of Performing Resection of the Knee-Joint
Authors: R. Davy
Journal: BMJ (1883)

reetion; and what I am concerned to assert is thi, tha 4 pizs-p of ten of the practising part of the profession would most tuihfnty receive from this Society detailed schemoata for the treatnt of various typical forms ot eye-disease.Let me further add without, I hope, hurting anyone's feelings, that I feel sure that'ibe use of them would tend immensely to the benefit of their patients as compared with the extemporised prescriptions now employed..It is not in the power, even of the most laborious of those engaged in family practice, to keep their minds well stored with details re- specting the management of diseases, which, although very common with us, are rarities to them.I might easily mention a number of special types and forms of eye-disease, purulent ophthalmia, rheumatic iritis, epicleritis, catarrhal ophthalmia, glaucoma, and the like, for which definite schemes of treatment could easily be laid down.It will, I have no doubt, be objected that, after all, successful treatment depends upon the correctness of the diagnosis.This statement is almost as obvious as was the famous injunotion to first catch your hare.It is no reason that, because diagnosis is difficult, therapeutics should be left in a muddle also.I might urge; further,