tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between chloroplast and mitochondrial lineages in oaks
Authors: S. Dumolin-Lapegue, M. H. Pemonge, R. J. Petit
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Patterns of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation were studied in 378 populations of oak trees sampled throughout the southern half of France. Six cpDNA haplotypes detected in a previous European survey and three new cpDNA haplotypes were found in this region. Two mitochondrial polymorphisms detected earlier by restriction analysis of PCR-amplified fragments alone, or in combination with single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), were compared with the cpDNA data. Sequencing revealed the nature of the two mitochondrial mutations: a single-base substitution and a 4-bp inversion associated with a 22-bp hairpin secondary structure. The single-base substitution was then analyzed by allele-specific amplification. Results for the two cytoplasmic genomes were combined, which allowed the identification of 12 cpDNA-mtDNA haplotypes. The 4-bp mtDNA inversion has appeared independently in different cpDNA lineages. Given the peculiar nature of this mtDNA mutation, we suggest that intramolecular recombination leading to repeated inversions of the 4-bp sequence (rather than paternal leakage of one of the two genomes) is responsible for this pattern. Furthermore, the geographic locations of the unusual cpDNA-mtDNA associations (due to the inversion) usually do not match the zones of contact between divergent haplotypes. In addition, in southern France, the groupings of populations based on the mtDNA substitution were strictly congruent with those based on cpDNA. Because many populations that are polymorphic for both cpDNA and mtDNA have remained in contact since postglacial recolonization in this area without producing any new combination of cytoplasms involving the mitochondrial substitution, we conclude that paternal leakage is not a significant factor at this timescale. Such results confirm and expand our earlier conclusions based on controlled crosses.
HUGH OWEN THOMAS
Authors: David LeVay
Journal: JAMA (1953)

To the Editor:  —I am writing a biography of Hugh Owen Thomas and also a revised edition of his works. I am anxious to gain access to unpublished material relating to any aspect of Thomas' private and professional life and to the history of his family. Thomas' association with American orthopedic surgeons is well known and was described by Dr. Winnett Orr in his book published a few years ago. I would be grateful for the opportunity of studying any papers in private ownership and will handle them carefully and will return them as soon as possible.
Intracoronary amiloride prevents contractile dysfunction of postischemic “stunned” myocardium: Role of hemodynamic alterations and inhibition of Na+/H+exchange and l-type Ca2+channels
Authors: Steven C. Smart, Anthony LoCurto, Jo El Schultz, Kiran B. Sagar, David C. Warltier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Osteoarthritis of the hip: an occupational disease in farmers.
Authors: P. Croft, D. Coggon, M. Cruddas, C. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To test the hypothesis that farmers are at high risk of hip osteoarthritis and to investigate possible causes for such a hazard. DESIGN--Cross sectional survey. SETTING--Five rural general practices. SUBJECTS--167 male farmers aged 60-76 and 83 controls from mainly sedentary jobs. All those without previous hip replacement underwent radiography of the hip. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Hip replacement for osteoarthritis or radiological evidence of hip osteoarthritis. RESULTS--Prevalence of hip osteoarthritis was higher in farmers than controls and especially in those who had farmed for over 10 years (odds ratio 9.3, 95% confidence interval 1.9 to 44.5). The excess could not be attributed to any one type of farming, and heavy lifting seems the likely explanation. CONCLUSIONS--Manual handling in agriculture should be limited where possible. Consideration should be given to making hip osteoarthritis a prescribed industrial disease in farmers. There may be wider implications for the prevention of hip osteoarthritis in the general population.
Psychiatric Consequences of September 11
Authors: Patricia A. Sullivan, Pamela J. Shapiro, Richard Thompson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PROTEIN THERAPY IN INSANITY OF PUERPERAL ORIGIN
Authors: V. Barkin
Journal: BMJ (1929)

TMEDC JRNAtow 67On August 16th, the day following delivery, the blood sugar of the mother was normal-100 mg. per 100 c.cm.; but by August p0th it fell to 45 mg, per 100 c.cm.A specimen of blood with- drawn before* breakfast on August 21st-contained only 41 mg. of sugar per 100 c.cm. of blood, wiliie the patient complained of drowsiness and blurred vision.She became hot and cold alter- nately.An onset of hypoglyeaemic coma being feared, she was at once given two teaspoonfuls of suigar with the juice of an orange.By 2 p.m. on the same day, -as a result of this treatment, the blood s;ugar had risen to 185 mg. per 100 c.cm. and she had lost her feeling of drowsiness.Thereafter the dose of insuilin was reduced to 10 uniits twice daily in association with Allen's tenth day diet (1,300 calories).The blood sugar during the remainder of the patient's stay in hospital Oluctuated between 65 and 90 mg.per .100c.cm. Slhe was discharged on September 6th, and seven weeks later was found to be sugar-free on the saine diet and insulin dosage.This case illustrates several importanit points and coni- firmis Walker's conclusions.First, it shows that treat- nlelnt with inisIilin senderes sterility less probable in diabetic patienits.Far-reaching conclusions cannot be drawn from a stidy Cconlfined to one case, but it appears to us at least possible that the patient would not have become pregnant
Comparison of responses to acetylcholine and serotonin on isolated canine and human coronary arteries
Authors: G. BERKENBOOM, P. UNGER, Z. Y. FANG, S. DEGRE, J. FONTAINE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Canine and human coronary arteries were studied in organ baths to compare the responses to acetylcholine and serotonin in the two species. The human coronary rings were isolated from seven patients without cardiac disease (mean age 15 years, range 7–20). In one set of experiments canine and human preparations were incubated with phentolamine, propranolol and ketanserin (all at 1 μmol·litre−1 concentration) and precontracted with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α 1–2 μmol·litre−1). Acetylcholine (0.1–10 μmol·litre−1) and serotonin (0.1–100 μmol·litre−1) relaxed canine preparations dose dependently, the maximum responses (expressed as % of depression of PGF2α response) being 84 (SEM 6)% (n = 9) and 51(5)% (n = 6) respectively. In the same experimental conditions, acetylcholine and serotonin failed to relax the human coronary rings (n = 11) while substance P and bradykinin induced relaxations of 72(4)% (n = 11) and 66(7)% (n = 11) of PGF2α response respectively. In another set of experiments, dose-contraction curves were constructed for acetylcholine or serotonin (in presence of phentolamine and propranolol). On human rings with endothelium, methylene blue (10 μmol·litre−1), a non-specific inhibitor of endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF), potentiated these dose-contraction curves: markedly for serotonin, the EC50 decreasing from 1.2(0.2) to 0.22(0.08) μmol·litre−1 (n = 11, p<0.01) with a significant increase in the maximal response); and slightly for acetylcholine, EC50 decreasing from 0.84(0.11) to 0.40(0.13) μmol·litre−1 (n = 10, p<0.05) without significant change in the maximal response. On human rings without endothelium, methylene blue did not modify the dose-response curves either to acetylcholine (n = 7) or to serotonin (n = 7). Similar results were obtained on canine rings for the serotonin induced contractions. Thus on both canine and human coronary vessels the responses to acetylcholine and serotonin are influenced by endothelial function. However on human preparations, the acetylcholine induced contractions are much less modulated by this endothelial function than those induced by serotonin.
Mid-Staffordshire chief executive considered suicide after publication of damning report
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The former chief executive of Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust was plunged into a “living nightmare” and considered suicide after a Healthcare Commission inspection found “appalling” standards of care at Stafford Hospital, he told the public inquiry into the trust’s failings this week in a written statement.

Martin Yeates, who broke a two and a half year silence to tell his story, said that his family, career, and health were broken and that he became a “political football” after the commission’s report was published in March 2009 ( BMJ 2009;338:b1141, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1141).

Mr Yeates, who said he was unable to attend the inquiry in person “for medical reasons,” gave his “honest, open, and candid” …
Anin vitro model of ethanol-dependent liver cell injury
Authors: Robert G. Lamb, John C. Koch, Jack W. Snyder, Shiva M. Huband, Suzanne R. Bush
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were incubated (6 to 96 hr) with 50 to 150 mmol/L ethanol, 0.5 mmol/L linoleate, 0.5 mmol/L palmitate, 0.5 mmol/L 4-methylpyrazole, 0 to 25 μmol/L vitamin E phosphate or selected combinations of these agents. Agent-dependent changes in liver cell viability (AST release and reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and function (phospholipid peroxidation, hydrolysis, biosynthesis and triacylglycerol biosynthesis) were determined. The influence of ethanol on liver cell function and viability was dose and incubation time dependent. Short periods (24 hr or less) of exposure to 100 mmol/L ethanol increased liver cell triacylglycerol biosynthesis and phospholipid hydrolysis, peroxidation and biosynthesis without altering cell viability. However, longer periods (72 hr or more) of exposure to 100 or 150 mmol/L ethanol resulted in significant reductions (30 to 50) in cell viability, function and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and content. The ethanol-dependent decreases in cell function and viability were potentiated by linoleate and reduced by vitamin E phosphate, palmitate and 4-methylpyrazole. These results suggest that ethanol-induced liver cell injury in vitro is not a result of ethanol per se, but factors such as acetaldehyde or oxyradicals produced as a consequence of ethanol metabolism. Therefore the incubation of cultured hepatocytes with ethanol may be an appropriate model in vitro for determining the mechanisms by which ethanol intake disrupts liver cell function in vivo. (Hepatology 1994;19:174–182).
Association of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) with Uric Acid among Adults with Elevated Community Exposure to PFOA
Authors: Kyle Steenland, Sarah Tinker, Anoop Shankar, Alan Ducatman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are compounds that do not occur in nature, have been widely used since World War II, and persist indefinitely in most environments. Median serum levels in the United States are 4 ng/mL for PFOA and 21 ng/mL for PFOS. PFOA has been associated with elevated uric acid in two studies of chemical workers. Uric acid is a risk factor for hypertension and possibly other cardiovascular outcomes.We conducted a cross-sectional study of PFOA and PFOS and uric acid among 54,951 adult community residents in Ohio and West Virginia, who lived or worked in six water districts contaminated with PFOA from a chemical plant. Analyses were conducted by linear and logistic regression, adjusted for confounders.Both PFOA and PFOS were significantly associated with uric acid. An increase of 0.20.3 mg/dL uric acid was associated with an increase from the lowest to highest decile of either PFOA or PFOS. Hyperuricemia risk increased modestly with increasing PFOA; the odds ratios by quintile of PFOA were 1.00, 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.241.43], 1.35 (95% CI, 1.261.45), 1.47 (95% CI, 1.371.58), and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.371.58; test for trend, p < 0.0001). We saw a less steep trend for PFOS. Inclusion of both correlated fluorocarbons in the model indicated PFOA was a more important predictor than was PFOS.Higher serum levels of PFOA were associated with a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia, but the limitations of cross-sectional data and the possibility of noncausal mechanisms prohibit conclusions regarding causality.
Renal Disease Among the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
Authors: Patricia A Quiggins, Mary Anne Farrell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE— To ascertain the incidence and prevalence of ESRD in the Eastern Band of Cherokee in the IHS user population from 1978 to 1988 and to determine what proportion of ESRD and chronic renal failure is attributable to diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Cases were identified from three IHS data sources and from death records obtained from the North Carolina Bureau of Health Statistics. Chronic renal insufficiency was defined as an individual having a serum creatinine of ≥ or = 176.8 μM that remained at that level for a sustained period. An ESRD case was defined as one in which dialysis was required to sustain life, regardless of whether treatment was actually implemented. Data were obtained from chart review and included date of diagnosis, maximum serum creatine level attained, diabetes status, and certain demographic data. RESULTS— Twenty-two (88%) cases of ESRD were attributable to diabetes. The average annual incidence of ESRD during the study period was much higher than that in the U.S. white population and that of Native Americans. The incidence of ESRD caused by diabetes was 2.5 times higher than that reported in the U.S. Native American population affected by diabetes. Degree of Indian inheritance did not appear to be related to prevalence of diabetic renal disease in individuals having diagnosed diabetes. CONCLUSIONS— The proportion of ESRD attributable to diabetes indicates that primary prevention of diabetes may be the best method of preventing ESRD in this population.
Effects of interferon on intrahepatic human leukocyte antigens and lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C
Authors: Takuro Hayata, Yoshiyuki Nakano, Kaname Yoshizawa, Takeshi Sodeyama, Kendo Kiyosawa
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We investigated the effects of interferon therapy on hepatocyte human leukocyte antigen class I and class II antigen expression and intrahepatic lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B (n = 11) and C (n = 10). Interferon-α was administered intramuscularly in doses ranging from 3 to 18 million international units daily for 4 wk. Liver biopsy specimens were obtained just before and immediately after treatment, and the specimens were stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase method for evaluation of human leukocyte antigen expression and lymphocyte subsets. Before therapy, no significant difference was noted between hepatitis B and C in human leukocyte antigen class I antigen expression on hepatocytes or in the lymphocyte subsets in the intralobular and portal areas. After interferon-α treatment, hepatocyte expression of human leukocyte antigen class I antigens and serum β2-microglobulin levels were virtually unchanged in chronic viral hepatitis C patients, but both were increased in chronic viral hepatitis B patients. Human leukocyte antigen class II antigens were not expressed during treatment. The mean number of intralobular CD3+ and CD8+ cells and the mean serum ALT level decreased significantly in chronic viral hepatitis C patients (p < 0.05) but not in chronic viral hepatitis B patients. The mean number of intralobular CD4+ cells was unaffected by interferon therapy in both groups. In all 21 patients, the changes in CD8+ cell numbers paralleled the changes in serum ALT levels. Our findings suggest that T-cell cytotoxicity may play an important role in hepatocyte damage in both chronic viral hepatitis C and chronic viral hepatitis B and that the response to interferon-α differs in these two types of hepatitis. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:1022–1028.)
BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES
Authors: Edward J. Stieglitz
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In their recent article inThe Journal(Dec. 18, 1926, p. 2053), Roddis and Cooper demonstrated that in tropical climates there is an habitually lower average blood pressure. Simultaneously they emphasize the importance of a modified routine of life, with far more rest than is usually the habit in temperate climates. However, mention is not made of the possible and even probable significance of this factor of rest and relaxation in lowering the arterial tension. Such rest has been and is the chief factor in logical therapeusis of hypertension, and may well be the major factor causing the lower pressures as observed, the climatic conditions being purely secondary. This is particularly significant in view of their fifth conclusion; namely, that "the change is not a rapid one and represents a lower vasomotor tone and general slowing of physiologic activity." It would be desirable to have the opinion
Elevated serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) relates to reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)
Authors: K. Ogawa, H. Morito, A. Hasegawa, F. Miyagawa, N. Kobayashi, H. Watanabe, H. Sueki, M. Tohyama, K. Hashimoto, Y. Kano, T. Shiohara, K. Ito, H. Fujita, M. Aihara, H. Asada
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)
Villous Adenoma of Rectosigmoid Accompanied by Electrolyte Depletion
Authors: Solomon S. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Villous adenoma of the rectosigmoid causing debilitating water and electrolyte loss is being recognized with increasing frequency in the geriatric population. Watery diarrhea, extreme weakness, dehydration, and renal insufficiency are virtually constant findings; a variety of bizarre accompanying symptoms frequently accounts for delayed or erroneous diagnosis. These bulky lesions may be elusive to physical diagnosis because of the mobility and soft texture of tumor fronds. Rectal losses are hypertonic with respect to potassium, and hypokalemic nephropathy is probably the basis for renal insufficiency in this condition. Accurate assessment and replacement of rectal losses, combined with early surgery, is the crux of successful management. Because adequate biopsy is difficult, because invasive carcinoma occurs in 25% of cases, and because inadequate local therapy is often followed by tumor recurrence and continuing losses, surgical resection along limits acceptable for malignancy is recommended.
Effectiveness of human ultralente versus NPH insulin in providing basal insulin replacement for an insulin lispro multiple daily injection regimen. A double-blind randomized prospective trial. The Canadian Lispro Study Group.
Authors: B Zinman, S Ross, R V Campos, T Strack
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To compare human ultralente (UL) insulin with human NPH insulin as basal insulin replacement in patients who use insulin lispro before meals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 178 patients with type 1 diabetes who were randomized to receive either human NPH or UL insulin once daily at bedtime in a 1-year double-blind clinical study. Eight-point blood glucose profiles were collected once monthly in the first 4 months, then every 2 months for the remainder of the study. Patients were also asked to perform premeal blood glucose measurements every day throughout the study. If before-supper blood glucose levels consistently exceeded 8 mmol/l despite optimal postprandial control with the lunch dose of insulin lispro, a second dose of basal insulin before breakfast was administered. RESULTS: For the group as a whole, insulin doses before meals and basal insulin doses were similar at baseline. At study's end, meal doses remained the same (30 +/- 1 U/day for UL., 29 +/- 1 U/day for NPH), while basal requirements were somewhat higher for the UL group than the NPH group: 30 +/- 1 U/day vs. 26 +/- 1 U/day, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The rates of severe hypoglycemia were similar for patients on NPH (0.05 +/- 0.03 per patient every 30 days) and for UL (0.07 +/- 0.04 per patient every 30 days) insulin. There was no significant difference for glycemic control between the NPH and UL groups overall (HbAlc at the end of the study: 7.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 7.7 +/- 0.1%, respectively), and by study's end a similar number of patients in the NPH and the UL groups needed to be switched to twice daily basal insulin (21 and 24%, respectively). Patients requiring twice-daily injections of basal insulin had a longer duration of diabetes (17.8 +/- 1.5 vs. 14.0 +/- 0.8 years, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and a highest baseline HbAlc (8.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 8.0 +/- 0.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.002) and were significantly older (38 +/- 2 vs. 34 +/- 1 years, P &amp;lt; 0.007). Patients who were switched to twice-daily NPH insulin had lower HbAlc levels at study's end compared with those switched to twice-daily UL insulin (7.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 8.2 +/- 0.3%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Distribution of hypoglycemia across the day was also similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: UL or NPH insulin, when used as the basal insulin for multiple injection regimens, results in similar glycemic control in patients using insulin lispro before meals. However, in patients who require a second injection of basal insulin, NPH insulin appears to provide lower prebreakfast and prelunch glucose levels compared with UL insulin.
Effects of furosemide and chlorothiazide on blood pressure and plasma renin activity
Authors: I. SAITO, J. MISUMI, K. KONDO, T. SARUTA, S. MATSUKI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Short (2 weeks) and long (12 weeks) term effects of furosemide and chlorothiazide on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and uric acid concentration were studied in 69 hypertensive patients. Both treatments caused significant reductions in blood pressure and increases in plasma renin activity and uric acid at 2 and 12 weeks in 6) normal renin patients; there was no difference between the effects of furosemide and that of chlorothiazide. Reduction in blood pressure in eight low renin patients who showed smaller changes in plasma renin activity and uric acid was not significant at 2 weeks but significant after 12 weeks of treatment.
Studies on Prostatic Cancer: I. The Effect of Castration, Of Estrogen and of Androgen Injection on Serum Phosphatases in Metastatic Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: C. Huggins, C. V. Hodges
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1972)

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians publishes information about the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer, as well as nutrition, palliative care, survivorship, and additional topics of interest related to cancer care.