tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4669: A combination of raloxifene and gefitinib potentiates the cytotoxicity and induces apoptosis in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Sebastien Taurin, Babasaheb D. Yadav, Mhairi Nimick, Rhonda J. Rosengren
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In recent years, numerous studies have shown that the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen and raloxifene reduce the risk of invasive breast carcinoma. However, while SERMs do prevent the development of many estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers, few studies suggest a potential effect of these drugs in the prevention of the development of ER-negative breast cancers. Although, the therapeutic efficacy of raloxifene in cancer therapy is thought to arise primarily from its ability to compete with estrogens; raloxifene has been shown to have effects through estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanisms. Recently, a study perform in our laboratory demonstrated that raloxifene decreased the level of EGFR expression in xenograft tumors. Based on these results, we hypothesized that a combination of raloxifene and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib may improve cytotoxicity towards ER-negative breast cancers. In the present study, we show that raloxifene (5µM) in combination with gefitinib (10µM) further decrease cell viability of two human ER-negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, compare to a single treatment from either of these two drugs. The combination potentiates apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 by 6 fold and in MDA-MB-468 by 3 fold after 36 h. Expression and phosphorylation pattern of proteins involved in cell proliferation such as NFκB, β-catenin, epidermal growth factor (EGFR) were also markedly affected by the combination treatment. Furthermore, evidence of apoptosis activation was also observed by an increase of the cleaved form of caspase-3. Additional studies demonstrated that the combination decreased cell migration and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. Moreover, the combined treatment decreased the ability of neovascularization as assessed by tube formation of endothelial cells. All together, these results suggested the potential of the combination of gefitinib and raloxifene for the prevention of tumor growth and appearance of metastatic events. In conclusion, these results provide us with the basis for future studies on the mechanism involved in raloxifene-gefitinib inhibition of ER-negative tumor growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4669. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4669
Laser 3D Printing with Sub‐Microscale Resolution of Porous Elastomeric Scaffolds for Supporting Human Bone Stem Cells
Authors: Peter E. Petrochenko, Jan Torgersen, Peter Gruber, Lucas A. Hicks, Jiwen Zheng, Girish Kumar, Roger J. Narayan, Peter L. Goering, Robert Liska, Jürgen Stampfl, Aleksandr Ovsianikov
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

A reproducible method is needed to fabricate 3D scaffold constructs that results in periodic and uniform structures with precise control at sub‐micrometer and micrometer length scales. In this study, fabrication of scaffolds by two‐photon polymerization (2PP) of a biodegradable urethane and acrylate‐based photoelastomer is demonstrated. This material supports 2PP processing with sub‐micrometer spatial resolution. The high photoreactivity of the biophotoelastomer permits 2PP processing at a scanning speed of 1000 mm s −1 , facilitating rapid fabrication of relatively large structures (&gt;5 mm 3 ). These structures are custom printed for in vitro assay screening in 96‐well plates and are sufficiently flexible to enable facile handling and transplantation. These results indicate that stable scaffolds with porosities of greater than 60% can be produced using 2PP. Human bone marrow stromal cells grown on 3D scaffolds exhibit increased growth and proliferation compared to smooth 2D scaffold controls. 3D scaffolds adsorb larger amounts of protein than smooth 2D scaffolds due to their larger surface area; the scaffolds also allow cells to attach in multiple planes and to completely infiltrate the porous scaffolds. The flexible photoelastomer material is biocompatible in vitro and is associated with facile handling, making it a viable candidate for further study of complex 3D‐printed scaffolds.
Association of the Chimpanzee Coryza Agent with Acute Respiratory Disease in Children
Authors: Marc Beem, F. H. Wright, Dorothy Hamre, Rosalie Egerer, Mafalda Oehme
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IN 1956 Morris, Blount and Savage1 described the recovery of a cytopathogenic agent that produced acute respiratory illness in chimpanzees and possibly in human beings. They termed this the chimpanzee coryza agent. In 1957 Chanock and his co-workers2 , 3 reported two isolations of a similar agent from infants with respiratory illness. They also found serologic evidence of infection of a number of additional children from whom it had not been possible to isolate the virus. On the basis of serologic responses, this infection was shown to occur in a significantly greater portion of outpatients with respiratory infections than in those without . . .
The New AIDS Case Definition
Authors: Sophia W. Chang
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE CENTERS for Disease Control (CDC) has proposed a new AIDS case definition to be effective April 1, 1992. This new definition will include those persons already meeting the 1987 AIDS definition<sup>1</sup>and will add all adults and adolescents infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and with CD4 lymphocyte counts less than 200/μL (200×106/L).<sup>2</sup> We review herein the importance of the CDC definition and the implications of the new definition, both for individuals and for the system of AIDS care. Our discussion will primarily focus on the effects of the 1992 definition on San Francisco, Calif. Although San Francisco has a distinctive case mix and system of AIDS care, we believe that these local effects portend changes that will be felt across the country. <h3>Historical Perspective</h3> The new definition represents the third revision of the CDC AIDS case definition. The list of indicator AIDS diagnoses in the original
Pakistani Infants in Bradford
Authors: T. P. Eddy
Journal: BMJ (1967)

January, p. 42) is concerned with the remark- ably successful and extremely interesting adoption of English customs in the artificial feeding of their infants by Pakistani mothers in Bradford, and their happier experience of infant mortality as compared with that of mothers in Pakistan.It is noted that the infant mortality rate of Asian infants in Bradford was more than double that of non- Asians, the difference being mainly due to neonatal deaths; the difference is statisti- cally significant, t=2.54;P<2%.Class differences in mortality within a population should always be a subject for concern.Could there be a nutritional cause for the differences shown here ?Birth weights are 8 oz. (250g.) lower than the English infants' and the neonatal death rate is significantly higher (t=2.29;P<5%); but the difference in postneonatal death rates is not statistically significant (t= 1.13 ; P<25%)
Comparative Mortality Among US Military Personnel in the Persian Gulf Region and Worldwide During Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm
Authors: James V. Writer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To determine cause-specific mortality rates among US troops stationed in the Persian Gulf region and compare them with those of US troops serving elsewhere during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.Retrospective cohort.US men and women on active duty from August 1, 1990, through July 31, 1991.Deaths occurring among all active-duty US military persons during the 1-year study period. Age-adjusted mortality rates among US troops stationed in the Persian Gulf region were compared with rates projected from mortality rates among troops on active duty elsewhere.A total of 1769 active-duty persons died during the study period, 372 in the Persian Gulf region and 1397 elsewhere. Of the 372 deaths in the Persian Gulf region, 147 (39.5%) occurred as a direct result of combat during the war, 194 (52.2%) resulted from injuries not incurred in battle, and 30 (8%) resulted from illness. Twenty-three of the deaths due to illness were considered unexpected or cardiovascular deaths. Based on age-adjusted mortality rates observed among US troops on active duty outside the Persian Gulf region, 165 deaths from unintentional injury and 32 deaths from illness (20 of which were unexpected or cardiovascular) would have been anticipated among Persian Gulf troops.Except for deaths from unintentional injury, US troops in the Persian Gulf region did not experience significantly higher mortality rates than US troops serving elsewhere. There were no clusters of unexplained deaths. The number and circumstances of nonbattle deaths among Persian Gulf troops were typical for the US military population.
Long-Term Enalapril Therapy for Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Doxorubicin-Treated Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Steven E. Lipshultz, Stuart R. Lipsitz, Stephen E. Sallan, Valeriano C. Simbre, Seema L. Shaikh, Suzanne M. Mone, Richard D. Gelber, Steven D. Colan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: A common late effect of doxorubicin therapy for childhood cancer is reduced left-ventricular (LV) wall thickness resulting in elevated LV afterload and depressed LV function. Many children are given angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which have been studied primarily in adults. We document the long-term effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in doxorubicin-treated survivors of childhood cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reviewed records of 18 children who had regular echocardiographic examinations during enalapril therapy (mean age at cancer diagnosis, 8 years; mean time between completion of doxorubicin therapy and start of enalapril, 7 years; median follow-up since the start of enalapril, 10 years). RESULTS: Over the first 6 years of enalapril therapy, there was progressive improvement toward normal values in LV dimension, afterload, fractional shortening, and mass, but all these parameters deteriorated between 6 and 10 years. LV wall thickness deteriorated throughout the study period, as did LV contractility and systolic blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure fell slightly. By 6 years on enalapril, all six patients who had had congestive heart failure at the start of enalapril therapy had either died or undergone cardiac transplantation, compared with three of the 12 asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSION: In doxorubicin-treated long-term survivors of childhood cancer, enalapril-induced improvement in LV structure and function is transient. The primary defect, which is LV wall thinning, continues to deteriorate, and thus the short-term improvement was mostly related to lowered diastolic blood pressure.
A telling tale
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

For half a century the Indian author R K Narayan chronicled the everyday life of his fictional town of Malgudi, in reality his home town of Mysore. He had that ability to see (and convey in words) a universe in a grain of sand that is, perhaps, the mark of a great writer.

The protagonist of his short story “The Doctor’s Word,” published in 1947 in the collection The Astrologer’s Day , is Dr Raman. He is a specialist of sorts: people go or are brought to him only as a last resort. This causes Dr Raman to demand why they did not come to him earlier, exactly the question …
ELECTRICITY IN DISEASES OF THE NOSE, THROAT AND EAR.
Authors: W. SCHEPPEGRELL
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The application of electricity, which has been found so useful in medicine and surgery generall[ill] has not been entirely neglected in the special department of ear, nose and throat diseases, and appliances more or less complete for its application may now be found in the office of every advanced laryngologist and otologist. The use of electricity in diseases of the nose, throat and ear, not only in the treatment but also in the diagnosis and prognosis, has now become so extensive and varied that the limits of this communication will permit hardly more than a general survey over the field of electrotherapeutic progress. It is hoped, however, that this will not be without its points of interest. As an illuminating agent, electricity still holds its own in this department, in spite of the Welsbach, acetylene and other lights that have been recommended. The yellowish light of the incandescent lamp does
Combined ADP and thromboxane A2 antagonism prevents cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured arteries in nonhuman primates.
Authors: S K Yao, J McNatt, K Cui, H V Anderson, J P Maffrand, L M Buja, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND This study was designed to test the hypothesis that clopidogrel, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, can eliminate cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured coronary and femoral arteries in nonhuman primates. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied five anesthetized, open-chest baboons. Blood flow velocity in the coronary and femoral arteries was monitored by pulsed Doppler flow probes placed around the arteries. Cyclic flow variations were established by mechanically injuring the endothelium of the arteries and by narrowing the arteries with external constrictors. Clopidogrel (10 to 20 mg/kg i.v. bolus plus 2.5 mg.kg-1 x h-1 continuous infusion) was administered 60 minutes after cyclic flow variations were established. Clopidogrel abolished cyclic flow variations in the coronary and femoral arteries of all five baboons (frequency of cyclic flow variations, 0/h versus 14/h at baseline, P &lt; .001). Then epinephrine was infused (maximum average dose, 2.2 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 i.v.). Epinephrine did not restore cyclic flow variations in the coronary or femoral arteries of any baboon. Before treatment with clopidogrel, ADP, collagen, and U46619, a thromboxane A2 mimetic, induced dose-dependent platelet aggregation in vitro. Serotonin, however, did not induce platelet aggregation in vitro. Clopidogrel given in vivo completely inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and significantly diminished collagen- and U46619-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Clopidogrel eliminates cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured coronary and femoral arteries of nonhuman primates at least in part by antagonizing the platelet proaggregatory effects of ADP and thromboxane A2.
Charles G. Moertel, MD
Authors: Charles B. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
[471] SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ANTIGEN (SCCA) EXPRESSION AND CD27+ MEMORY B LYMPHOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: L. Vidalino, S. Quarta, I. Baesso, E. Bernardinello, MG. Ruvoletto, F. Frezzato, L. Trentin, G. Fassina, L. Cavalletto, L. Chemello, A. Gatta, P. Pontisso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Anencephalus and spina bifida.
Authors: R. G. Cross
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Rhodopsin is a cilia-specific GPCR essential for vision. Rhodopsin mislocalization is associated with blinding diseases called retinal ciliopathies. The mechanism by which rhodopsin mislocalizes in rod photoreceptor neurons is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the roles of trafficking signals in rhodopsin mislocalization. Rhodopsin and its truncation mutants were fused to a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, Dendra2, and expressed in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> rod photoreceptors. Photoconversion of Dendra2 causes a color change from green to red, enabling visualization of the dynamic events associated with rhodopsin trafficking and renewal. We found that rhodopsin mislocalization is a facilitated process for which a signal located within 322–326 aa (CCGKN) is essential. An additional signal within 327–336 aa further facilitated the mislocalization. This collective mistrafficking signal confers toxicity to rhodopsin and causes mislocalization when the VXPX cilia-targeting motif is absent. We also determined that the VXPX motif neutralizes this mistrafficking signal, enhances ciliary targeting at least 10-fold, and accelerates trafficking of post-Golgi vesicular structures. In the absence of the VXPX motif, mislocalized rhodopsin is actively cleared through secretion of vesicles into the extracellular milieu. Therefore, this study unveiled the multiple roles of trafficking signals in rhodopsin localization and renewal.
ACUTE YELLOW ATROPHY OF THE LIVERA CASE FOLLOWING TWO CHLOROFORM ANESTHESIAS IN QUICK SUCCESSION IN A PREGNANT WOMAN
Authors: O. S. McCOWN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

All of us who have ever used chloroform as an anesthetic to any extent are familiar with the immediate dangers to the life of the patient during its administration, and there have been recently some good papers dealing with its deleterious effects. There has also been some good experimental work which has given us a good working basis for clinical observation of the cases of delayed chloroform poisoning. Leonard G. Guthrie, in 1894, was the first to call attention to cases of delayed chloroform poisoning. In that year he reported nine cases in which death occurred within from ten hours to six days after operation performed under chloroform. The symptoms as observed by Guthrie were, after a period of twelve hours or so, profuse and repeated vomiting, the vomit eventually blood-stained and resembling the dregs of beef-tea; restlessness; excitement and delirium alternating with apathy; jaundice, occasionally, and unconsciousness deeping into
Immediate and late benefits of treating very elderly people with hypertension: results from active treatment extension to Hypertension in the Very Elderly randomised controlled trial
Authors: N. Beckett, R. Peters, J. Tuomilehto, C. Swift, P. Sever, J. Potter, T. McCormack, F. Forette, B. Gil-Extremera, D. Dumitrascu, J. A. Staessen, L. Thijs, A. Fletcher, C. Bulpitt
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To assess if very elderly people with hypertension obtain early benefit from antihypertensive treatment. <b>Design</b> One year open label active treatment extension of randomised controlled trial (Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET)). <b>Setting</b> Hospital and general practice based centres mainly in eastern and western Europe, China, and Tunisia. <b>Participants</b> People on double blind treatment at the end of HYVET were eligible to enter the extension. <b>Interventions</b> Participants on active blood pressure lowering treatment continued taking active drug; those on placebo were given active blood pressure lowering treatment. The treatment regimen was as used in the main trial—indapamide SR 1.5 mg (plus perindopril 2-4 mg if required)—with the same target blood pressure of less than 150/80 mm Hg. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was all stroke; other outcomes included total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events. <b>Results</b> Of 1882 people eligible for entry to the extension, 1712 (91%) agreed to participate. During the extension period, 1682 patient years were accrued. By six months, the difference in blood pressure between the two groups was 1.2/0.7 mm Hg. Comparing people previously treated with active drug and those previously on placebo, no significant differences were seen for stroke (n=13; hazard ratio 1.92, 95% confidence interval 0.59 to 6.22) or cardiovascular events (n=25; 0.78, 0.36 to 1.72). Differences were seen for total mortality (47 deaths; hazard ratio 0.48, 0.26 to 0.87; P=0.02) and cardiovascular mortality (11 deaths; 0.19, 0.04 to 0.87; P=0.03). <b>Conclusion</b> Very elderly patients with hypertension may gain immediate benefit from treatment. Sustained differences in reductions of total mortality and cardiovascular mortality reinforce the benefits and support the need for early and long term treatment. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00122811.
Preoperative Prediction of Extent and Severity of Ischemic Colitis by Imaging with ln-111 Labeled Leukocytes
Authors: VANI VIJAYAKUMAR, CARLOS BEKERMAN, MICHAEL J. BLEND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Ischemic colitis is a relatively common clinical entity. Conservative medical management is successful for most patients, but surgical intervention is required for patients with intractable disease. Noninvasive determination of the site and extent of the disease can be helpful in the preoperative decision on the surgical approach in these debilitated patients. However, current radiologic studies individually are inadequate in this respect. Based on the clinicopathologic correlation obtained after imaging with In-111 labeled leukocytes in a patient with ischemic colitis, the authors believe that this procedure may be useful; further studies in a larger patient population are warranted.
Predictive value of IgG autoantibodies against C1q for nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: C E Siegert, M R Daha, C M Tseng, I E Coremans, L A van Es, F C Breedveld
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Antibodies against C1q (C1qAb) have been demonstrated in the serum of patients with several immune complex diseases. Patients, particularly those with lupus nephritis, were found to have increased serum titres of IgG C1qAb in a cross-sectional analysis. In the present prospective study correlations were sought between serum titres of IgG C1qAb and clinical as well as laboratory parameters of disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Titres of IgG C1qAb in the serum of 68 SLE patients were measured serially during a three year period. At the same time clinical and laboratory parameters of disease activity were assessed.Increased titres of IgG C1qAb were found in the serum of 56% of SLE patients during the study. Significant correlations were found between increased titres of IgG C1qAb and renal involvement. Clinical signs of renal involvement were found to be associated with significant increases of serum titres of IgG C1qAb in the six months preceding this appearance. Fifty per cent of the increases in serum titres of IgG C1qAb were followed by the development of renal involvement. Elevated serum titres of IgG C1qAb were especially related to proliferative forms of glomerulonephritis. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between serum titres of IgG C1qAb and serum levels of immune complexes, levels of complement components, and titres of antibodies to DNA.The results suggest that IgG C1qAb play a pathogenic role in the development of lupus nephritis and that serial measurement of serum titres of IgG C1qAb is useful in the management of SLE patients.