tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
William Kerr Henderson
Authors: Andrew K Henderson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Dr William Kerr Henderson (“Bill”) has died from complications following a fall at the age of 95 years.

Bill and his younger sister, Jean, were brought up singlehandedly by their mother in Edinburgh, their father having been killed in the first world war in 1917. Bill was educated at Parson’s Green primary school before entering George Heriot’s School as a foundationer. He had a successful school career, with notable academic achievement alongside a place in the rugby first XV and the development of a lifelong passion for the game of golf. He was lucky to survive a burst appendix complicated by peritonitis in the pre-antibiotic era during that time.

Bill started medical training at Edinburgh University in 1929, graduating in 1935 with commendation. House jobs and …
859 ANALYSIS OF CLASSE II HLA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C WITH CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS
Authors: C.M. Tani, C.P. Abrantes-Lemos, M.C. Nakhle, G. Preuhs-Filho, H. Rodrigues, M.M. Deguti, J. Kalil, F.J. Carrilho, E.L. Cancado
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Induction of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase in Human Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages by Cigarette Smoking
Authors: E. T. Cantrell, G. A. Warr, D. L. Busbee, R. R. Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Pulmonary alveolar macrophages were obtained from healthy volunteers by saline pulmonary lavage, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was measured in the cells. Enzyme activity was low in cells from five nonsmokers with a mean of 0.008±0.004 U/106 cells. Cells obtained from nine cigarette smokers contained higher enzyme levels, with a mean of 0.095±0.024 U/106 cells. A former cigarette smoker was lavaged on five occasions. Enzyme activity during two lavages 4 mo apart were 0.010 and 0.009 U/106 cells, respectively. 1 wk after smoking was resumed, the enzyme activity rose slightly to 0.013, and reached 0.041 U/106 cells by 1 mo. Upon cessation of smoking, the enzyme activity returned to control levels by the next lavage, 2 mo later. These data indicate that aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase may be induced in pulmonary alveolar macrophages of subjects chronically exposed to cigarette smoke.
SHORT STATEMENT OF THE FIRST EUROPEAN CONSENSUS CONFERENCE ON THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AND C IN HIV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Alfredo Alberti, Nathan Clumeck, Simon Collins, Wolfram Gerlich, Jens Lundgren, Giorgio Palù, Peter Reiss, Rodolphe Thiebaut, Ola Weiland, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Stefan Zeuzem, None (The ECC Jury)
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Breast Cancer: Should Gastrointestinal Bacteria Be on Our Radar Screen?
Authors: Varada P. Rao, Theofilos Poutahidis, James G. Fox, Susan E. Erdman
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics alter the risk of breast cancer in women, but roles for bacteria and inflammation in breast malignancies are poorly understood. A recent study in mice suggests that intestinal bacteria can trigger mammary carcinoma. The mechanisms involved in this effect suggest that dysregulated host immune responses to enteric bacteria can influence the development of extraintestinal cancers, highlighting the opportunities for prevention and treatment aimed at promoting intestinal homeostasis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):847–50]
Consortium is praised for turning around health services at Brixton prison
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A consortium of healthcare providers that took over the delivery of services at Brixton prison has been praised for the improvements it has achieved in the past 18 months. No deaths in custody have occurred since the consortium took over healthcare provision at the prison, and referral times to GPs and specialists have fallen.

Richard Bradshaw, director of offender health for England at HM Prison Service, told a meeting in London this week, “Brixton should be congratulated on its major turnaround in the last 18 months. It has been an absolute transformation, and lessons can be drawn for other prisons.”

Denis O’Rourke, assistant director of mental health and adult services at Lambeth Primary Care Trust, told the meeting that when the trust took on the commissioning responsibility for Brixton prison in 2004 the service was generally poor and fragmented and had limited leadership and a poor staff …
VIP and WDHA
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Watery diarrhea with hypokalemia and achlorhydria (WDHA) often complicates the clinical course of nonbetacell adenomas of the pancreas and occasionally of other hormone-secreting tumors. This serious and frequently fatal complication is sometimes referred to as pancreatic cholera or Verner-Morrison syndrome. 1 Neither the eponymic nor the descriptive term, however, provides clues to the hormone or hormones responsible for the increased intestinal secretion of fluid and electrolytes and for other metabolic derangements—achlorhydria, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia—associated with WDHA.  Barbezat and Grossman 2 suggested that gastrin and glucagon are the responsible hormones. Sanzenbacher and his associates 3 sought to incriminate secretin or secretin-like substances. Elias et al 4 reported a patient in whom gastrininhibitory-peptide appeared to be the culprit. None of these hypotheses, however, gained much credence.  More substantial is the evidence implicating VIP, the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide that was discovered and purified by Said and Mutt 5 in 1970. This polypeptide, which is
Abstract 3155: The SCFFBW7 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) for proteolysis in breast cancer
Authors: Dong Zhao, Han-Qiu Zheng, Zhongmei Zhou, Ceshi Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger-containing transcription factor promoting breast cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth through upregulating its target gene FGF-BP. The protein abundance of KLF5 has been shown to be strictly regulated at transcriptional and posttranslational levels. Our previous studies suggest that the KLF5 protein degradation is through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. The WWP1 E3 ligase can target KLF5 for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. In this study, we demonstrated the F-box protein FBW7 targets KLF5 for proteolysis and suppresses KLF5's functions in breast cancer. The SCFFBW7 (SKP1-Cullin1-F-box) E3 ligase complex has been shown to target several oncoproteins, including MYC and CyclinE, for proteolysis. FBW7 could be a tumor suppressor due to its frequent mutations in multiple cancers. Here, we first demonstrated that inactivation of endogenous FBW7 by gene knockout, knockdown, or mutation remarkably increases the endogenous KLF5 protein abundances through blocking its degradation in multiple cell lines. Second, we found that overexpression of FBW7 decreases the exogenous and endogenous KLF5 protein levels in HEK293T and SUM149PT cell lines. Functionally, overexpression of FBW7 in the endogenous FBW7 mutated SUM149PT cells decreases the FGF-BP gene expression and the DNA synthesis. Importantly, knockdown of endogenous Fbw7 increases the FGF-BP gene expression, cell proliferation, and survival through upregulating the KLF5 expression in breast cells. These findings suggest that the Fbw7 tumor suppressor inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and survival at least partially through targeting KLF5 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. This new regulatory mechanism of KLF5 degradation may result in useful diagnostic and therapeutic targets for breast cancer and other cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3155.
Sleep Patterns in Obese Patients during Weight Reduction
Authors: A.H. Crisp, E. Stonehill, G.W. Fenton, P.B.C. Fenwick
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

Findings are presented, which support the evidence from previous studies of patients with disorders of weight and patients with psychiatric morbidity, that nutritional change is associated with change in sleep patterns independently of mood state. In this report, obese patients undergoing weight reduction have been investigated in respect of their sleep patterns using a sleep questionnaire, standardized measures of nocturnal motility and, in one instance, all-night EEG recordings.
Insulin secretion stimulated by allogeneic lymphocytes in an inbred strain of mice.
Authors: J B García, M C Venturino, E Alvarez, L Fabiano de Bruno, M Braun, O H Pivetta, J C Basabe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Effects of intraperitoneal injection of allogeneic lymphocytes on insulin secretion were studied in incubated pancreas slices from BALB/c mice. Injection of allogeneic lymphocytes from C57BL/6J (H2b) mice increased insulin secretion, both in basal and 11-mM glucose-stimulated conditions. This effect was only present when at least 5 X 10(6) or 1 X 10(6) cells were injected (in basal and stimulated conditions, respectively). Glucose-induced insulin secretion (3.3-27.5 mM) was significantly increased in pancreata from mice injected with allogeneic lymphocytes. No effect was observed when glucose was not included in the incubation medium. Intraperitoneal injection of Dextran 70 produced no change in glucose-elicited insulin secretion. There were no differences in glucagon and somatostatin (SRIF) secretion obtained from pancreas of mice injected with allogeneic or syngeneic lymphocytes. Injection of allogeneic cells increases insulin secretion (basal and both phases of 11 mM glucose-stimulated secretion). Puromycin significantly inhibited the second phase of insulin secretion. These results suggest that: Injection of allogeneic lymphocytes raises both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This effect seems to be connected with the major histocompatibility complex, and to be related to the number of allogeneic cells injected. Injection of allogeneic lymphocytes seems to sensitize the beta cell response to glucose stimulus. Neither glucagon nor SRIF secretion are altered by alloantigen injection. The stimulatory effect of allogeneic lymphocytes is related, at least in part, to insulin synthesis.
Race and Glaucoma
Authors: Larry F. Rich
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The medical community should sit up and take notice whenever a dramatic difference in the prevalence of a disease is identified in a particular population group. Whether it be a laboratory experiment or a cross-sectional survey, as in the article published in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, "Racial Variations in the Prevalence of Primary Open-angle Glaucoma: The Baltimore Eye Survey,"<sup>1</sup>such a study is worthy of widespread attention. In the United States, where infectious eye diseases are not as prevalent as in third-world countries, glaucoma has become one of the leading causes of blindness.<sup>2</sup>Tielsch et al have now shown that primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has a remarkably higher prevalence in black members of the US population. Earlier reports pointed to this difference,<sup>3-6</sup>but, until now, equivalent data derived from comparisons of subgroups within a single racially mixed population were not available. Given the
Effect of magnesium on blood pressure.
Authors: T Dyckner, P O Wester
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Twenty patients receiving long term diuretic treatment for arterial hypertension (18 patients) or congestive heart failure (two patients) received magnesium supplementation as aspartate hydrochloride 15 mmol/day for six months. Both systolic and diastolic pressures decreased significantly, by a mean of 12/8 mm Hg. No significant changes were recorded in plasma or urinary electrolytes except for magnesium, 24 hour urinary volumes, or body weight after treatment. The effect of magnesium on blood pressure may be direct or through influences on the internal balance of potassium, sodium, and calcium.
Breathing exercises and asthma
Authors: M Thomas
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Summary Asthma is a complex, multi-dimensional condition that affects patients in many ways. Having asthma is inherently stressful and psychological problems are common and associated with poor asthma outcomes. Although most patients in clinical trials can achieve high levels of control with optimised pharmacotherapy, in ‘‘real-life’’ practice, poor control is common, with over-reliance on rescue bronchodilator medication and ongoing symptoms and quality-of-life impairment. Many patients are interested in non-pharmacological treatments to improve asthma control, particularly breathing control exercises but, until recently, the evidence base has been inadequate. The place of breathing exercises has been controversial, partly because some proponents have made exaggerated, implausible claims of effectiveness. Recent evidence, however, has resulted in endorsement of breathing exercises as add-on treatment in asthma in systematic reviews and guidelines. This review summarises the current evidence of effectiveness of breathing exercises programmes as an adjuvant treatment to pharmacological strategies for people with asthma. The types of breathing training programmes used and the content of effective programmes are discussed. We conclude that patients whose asthma continues to cause symptoms and quality-of-life impairment, despite adequate pharmacological treatment, or who have high bronchodilator use, should be offered access to an effective breathing training programme as a part of holistic, integrated asthma care.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation improves the outcome of adults with t(1;19)/E2A-PBX1 and t(4;11)/MLL-AF4 positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of the prospective multicenter LALA-94 study
Authors: N Vey, X Thomas, C Picard, T Kovascovicz, C Charin, J M Cayuela, H Dombret, N Dastugue, F Huguet, C Bastard, A Stamatoulas, M Giollant, O Tournilhac, E Macintyre, A Buzyn, D Bories, M Kuentz, F Dreyfus, A Delannoy, S Raynaud, N Gratecos, D Bordessoule, S de Botton, C Preudhomme, O Reman, X Troussard, A Pigneux, C Bilhou, J P Vernant, C Boucheix, J Gabert
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Doctor or Mister?
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

During a recent visit to the United States I read an article in a well known American magazine in which an author was lamenting the fact that although he held the degree of Ph.D. in one English university, on obtaining an appointment in another English university of equal standing he was denied the title of doctor. Although such a lack of reciprocity must seem hard to understand, at the time I read the article I found the lack of reciprocity between the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad in the matter of tickets between Washington and Philadelphia much . . .
The Anatomical Orchestra
Authors: Heinrich Lamm
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> To get together an anatomical orchestra may be a little easier than Dr. Gode (<b>205</b>:869, 1968) thinks. In the percussion section he mentions the drums; they are really snare drums: They have a chorda tympani. In some neutrophil leukocytes of women we find the drumsticks. Drumsticks in German are<i>Trommelschlegel</i>, and<i>Trommelschlegelfinger</i>are what we call clubbed fingers. Triangles abound (cervical, Hesselbach's, Calot's, etc). German "becken" means cymbals and also pelvis (both bony and renal). In the wind section, Dr. Gode mentions the various tubae. Unmodified they'll serve as natural instruments, like hunting horns. The Germans call one set of tubes trumpets (<i>Muttertrompeten</i>); bugles would be better. With the numerous available valves in heart, veins, and gut, we can easily transform them into modern chromatic instruments. With tubes, valves, and a double reed (Sternberg cell) we can make shawms, oboes, English horns, bassoons, and contrabassoons and
Iatrogenic β Thalassemia
Authors: Edward C. Zaino
Journal: JAMA (1977)

It is apparent that thalassemia has evolved into an American disease.<sup>1</sup>With this in mind, Congress passed and the President signed the Cooley's Anemia Control Act in 1973, and thalassemia received special attention in the Genetics Act of 1976. We wish to point out that the screening method relied on by most laboratories to detect thalassemia, the measurement of an increased A<sub>2</sub>hemoglobin by cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis, is not accurate, and is frought with dangers of both false-positive and false-negative results. The method is good for the screening for sickle cell anemia, where at least 25% to 35% of the total hemoglobin is an abnormal hemoglobin S that migrates separately and distinctly from the normal hemoglobins A, F, and A<sub>2</sub>. The A<sub>2</sub>. hemoglobin content is small, normally less than 3% of the total hemoglobin. A substantial increase in A<sub>2</sub>hemoglobin is usually between 3.5%
Protection against myocardial dysfunction after a brief ischemic period in transgenic mice expressing inducible heat shock protein 70.
Authors: S U Trost, J H Omens, W J Karlon, M Meyer, R Mestril, J W Covell, W H Dillmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Brief ischemic periods lead to myocardial dysfunction without myocardial infarction. It has been shown that expression of inducible HSP70 in hearts of transgenic mice leads to decreased infarct size, but it remains unclear if HSP70 can also protect against myocardial dysfunction after brief ischemia. To investigate this question, we developed a mouse model in which regional myocardial function can be measured before and after a temporary ischemic event in vivo. In addition, myocardial function was determined after brief episodes of global ischemia in an isolated Langendorff heart. HSP70-positive mice and transgene negative littermates underwent 8 min of regional myocardial ischemia created by occlusion of the left descending coronary artery, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. This procedure did not result in a myocardial infarction. Regional epicardial strain was used as a sensitive indicator for changes in myocardial function after cardiac ischemia. Maximum principal strain was significantly greater in HSP70-positive mice with 88+/-6% of preischemic values vs. 58+/-6% in transgene-negative mice (P < 0.05). Similarly, in isolated Langendorff perfused hearts of HSP70-positive and transgene-negative littermates exposed to 10 min of global ischemia and 90 min of reperfusion, HSP70 transgenic hearts showed a better-preserved ventricular peak systolic pressure. Thus, we conclude that expression of HSP70 protects against postischemic myocardial dysfunction as shown by better preserved myocardial function.
Blinded-Read of Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Oliver Dobrindt, Birgit Hoffmeyer, Juri Ruf, Ingo G. Steffen, Alina Zarva, Wolf S. Richter, Christian Furth, Gerhard Ulrich, Oliver S. Groer, Wolfram Neumann, Holger Amthauer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

This study evaluated the use of bone scintigraphy (BS) for the diagnosis of stress fractures in athletes and its validity for the prediction of healing time, with a focus on foot injuries.In our retrospective study, 84 athletes with a total of 93 suspected stress fractures (foot, n = 66; others, n = 27) were included. A blinded-read of BS was performed by 3 observers. The standard of reference was established by an interdisciplinary truth-panel using all imaging data (scintigraphic, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging) and follow-up data (>12 month). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for diagnosing stress fractures were calculated. Stress injuries were rated according to a 5-point grading score (0-4) and associated to the healing time.For the diagnosis of stress injuries (n = 50/93), mean sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 97.3%, 67.4%, 77.7%, 95.6%, and 83.5%, respectively. Interobserver analysis showed a high agreement between all 3 readers (mean κ = 0.83). In univariate analysis healing time of grade 3 to 4 stress injuries was significantly higher (median, 87 days; interquartile range, 69-132 days) compared with grade 1 to 2 lesions (median, 63 days; interquartile range, 43-95 days; P = 0.0067). Moreover, healing time of scintigraphic high grade stress injuries was significantly longer in a general linear model with adjustment for cofactors (grade, 3-4 vs. 1-2; P = 0.033).BS is a sensitive and reliable method for the diagnosis of stress injuries. In addition, the simplified classification for mild and severe stress injuries allows an estimation of healing time.
Health promotion activity should be retargeted at secondary prevention
Authors: S. Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—In their short report of a five year follow up of a trial of individual advice on lifestyle modification Cupples and McKnight report that “most of the benefits identified at the end of two years had worn off” at five years.1 They fail, however, to report that fewer deaths occurred in the intervention group (relative risk 0.73; 95% confidence …
Violence on Television
Authors: Robert M. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Recently, the article entitled Effect of Television Violence on Children and Youth, by Michael B. Rothenberg was called to my attention. On reading the article, I noted several inaccuracies and found the conclusions to be quite misleading. The major fault with the article is that Rothenberg takes a complex issue and presents it as a simple one. Since the topic he discusses has serious political implications, it is important to consider the issues in their true complexity.  Contrary to Rothenberg's impressions, not all studies show that the effects of television are detrimental. Sophisticated investigators are no longer asking the simple question Does TV violence cause aggression? Instead, they are trying to delineate the conditions associated with the instigation to aggress. Studies typically show that TV will activate aggressive behaviors if the subjects are intentionally angered or frustrated immediately before they are exposed to televised violence. When subjects
Phospholipase C-γ2 is essential for NK cell cytotoxicity and innate immunity to malignant and virally infected cells
Authors: Anouk Caraux, Nayoung Kim, Sarah E. Bell, Simona Zompi, Thomas Ranson, Sarah Lesjean-Pottier, Marcos E. Garcia-Ojeda, Martin Turner, Francesco Colucci
Journal: Blood (2005)
Lupus Anticoagulants and Antibodies to Phospholipids
Authors: Barry Blitz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Antiphospholipid autoantibodies, principally those to cardiolipin epitopes, have only within this decade been a field of interest in regard to their relationship with thromboemboli, recurrent fetal loss, thrombocytopenia, cerebrovascular events, and neurological disease. These associated disorders are part of the so-called anticardiolipin syndrome, seen primarily in autoimmune disease.<sup>1</sup>While commenting on their clinical investigation in the Jan 22/29 issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Triplett et al<sup>2</sup>made two important points: First, the role of these autoantibodies is unclear, in that they may be actual etiologic agents of pathogenesis or they may merely be epiphenomenal markers of high-risk populations. Second, currently available phospholipid antibody assays are unable to predict risk of clinical complications. In fact, the anticardiolipin syndrome's pathogenesis remains elusive, and even the antibody's class or titer has not been adequately proved to be of predictive value. Triplett and colleagues noted that patients with infectious disease who