tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protect and survive
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

It was one of those dinner parties. At one end of the table, the men had bonded and were talking fast cars and weapons of mass destruction. At the other end, we women were politely discussing kitchen units and natural health remedies.

My opinion was being sought for a straw poll. Was I taking that new wheat-based alternative to hormone replacement therapy? I deferred, saying I didn't need any form of HRT yet. The lifestyle guru on …
Novel adenoviral serotype 5 based immunotherapeutic induces T-cell responses despite anti-adenoviral neutralizing antibodies in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Michael Morse, Elizabeth Gabitzsch, Joseph P Balint, Younong Xu, HK Lyerly, Frank Jones
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Naturally occurring or induced Ad-specific neutralizing antibodies impeded the activity of recombinant Ad5-based vectors with E1 deletions. An improved Ad vector with deletions of the E1 and the E2b regions (Ad5 [E1-, E2b-]), the latter encoding the DNA polymerase and the pre-
Measuring the performance of public health agencies
Authors: R. M Davis
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Performance measurement is a first step towards quality improvement in health care. When systems are in place to measure performance we can reward good performance, develop and evaluate ways of improving performance, and certify (or decertify) providers who perform (or don't perform) according to established standards. In the United States an extensive machinery has emerged to measure and ensure performance, but so far it has not been applied systematically to public health agencies. That situation is about to change, and, as it does, it opens up the interesting possibility of holding elected politicians even more accountable for decisions that affect health.

Efforts to measure the performance of healthcare providers in the US have expanded rapidly over recent years. Much of this activity has been driven by the main purchasers of health care—large employers and government.1 The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations accredits 18 000 facilities in the US, including hospitals, home care agencies, long term care facilities, and clinical laboratories, allowing them to participate in the federal Medicare programme for the elderly.2 The performance of health maintenance organisations is assessed through “report cards”—especially the health plan employer data and information set3—and through accreditation by the National Committee for Quality Assurance.4Doctors …
Simultaneous Measurements of Radii and Wall Thickness of Microvessels in the Anesthetized Rat
Authors: Silvio Baez
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

The purpose of this investigation was to measure the radius and wall thickness of small blood vessels in mesentery and striated (cremaster) muscle in the anesthestized rat. Using the method of image-splitting, the vessel images were sheared at magnifications of 3,OOOx and 6,500x on the video screen. In the resting state, the mean lumen values for the thinnest portion of endothelial capillary were 4.1 ± 1.2µ (SD) in cremaster and 5.6 ± 1.3µ (SD) in mesentery. Lumen and total diameter were also greater at several levels of precapillary arterioles in mesentery than similar vessels in cremaster, suggesting that smaller vessel size in cremaster might be characteristic of this tissue. Vasoconstriction of up to 50% from resting state is associated with an increase in wall thickness and a decrease in lumen to wall ratio due to a disproportional decrease in radius (inner greater than outer radius). Similarly, an increase in vessel radius in a proportion 4 to 1 (inner greater than outer) was sustained up to about 60% of vasodilatation. In 13 out of 14 vessels, little or no change in wall cross-sectional area occurred in the face of marked changes in lumen cross-sectional area (–95%,+205%). This strongly suggests that other modifications such as changes in length, swelling, or shrinkage would be relatively unimportant during dynamic changes in wall thickness.
Medical Monitoring for Pharmaceutical Injuries
Authors: David M. Studdert, Michelle M. Mello, Troyen A. Brennan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

A remarkable development in personal injury litigation in recent years involves attempts to expand legal claims beyond existing injuries to anticipated future harms. Attorneys have begun to sue on behalf of individuals exposed to defective pharmaceutical products who have no current injury, but who may be at risk for developing one after a latency period. This strategy seeks to make drug manufacturers pay for medical monitoring , a court-ordered program that provides diagnostic tests to exposed individuals to facilitate early detection of adverse health effects. Because medical monitoring does not depend on the existence of an actual injury and large populations may be exposed, some commentators have warned that it has the potential to spiral out of control. We examine medical monitoring in the context of 2 major cases involving diet drugs and an oral hypoglycemic drug. We conclude that this expansion of tort law should be applied sparingly, but that the performance of courts to date in these cases gives cause for optimism. Judges appear to be paying close attention to sophisticated epidemiological, clinical, and cost-effectiveness considerations. Medical monitoring arms the courts with a new mechanism for addressing harms proactively rather than reactively, which could yield new victories for public health.
Sensitization to hen's egg at the age of twelve months is predictive for allergic sensitization to common indoor and outdoor allergens at the age of three years
Authors: Renate Nickel, Michael Kulig, Johannes Forster, Renate Bergmann, Carl Peter Bauer, Susanne Lau, Irene Guggenmoos-Holzmann, Ulrich Wahn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)

<h2>Abstract</h2> <b>Background:</b> Specific predictors for atopic sensitization in early infancy are prerequisites for preventive intervention studies. <b>Objective:</b> To identify predictors of allergic sensitization to common aeroallergens in infancy, 1314 children in five German cities were followed up from birth (1990) to the age of 3 years. <b>Methods:</b> BLOOD samples were taken from cord blood and at follow-up visits at the ages of 1, 2, and 3 years. Total serum IgE and specific IgE antibodies to common food and inhalant allergens were determined. <b>Results:</b> Among our study population, risk factors for sensitization to indoor and/or outdoor allergens at the age of 3 years were a positive family history, the presence of hen's egg–specific IgE antibodies (G0.35 kU/L), and increased log[total IgE] levels at the age of 12 months. Elevated cord blood IgE was not associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens at the age of 3 years. Egg-specific IgE greater than 2 kU/L in combination with a positive family history of atopy was a highly specific (specificity, 99%) and predictive (positive predictive value, 78%) marker for sensitization to inhalant allergens at 3 years of age. <b>Conclusions:</b> Hen's egg–specific IgE at the age of 12 months is a valuable marker for subsequent allergic sensitization to allergens that cause asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:613-7.)
Moonlighting: Wax Without the Wane-Reply
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The spate of letters was not unexpected, nor were the intense feeling and the vehemence. The response confirms our thoughts that the question of moonlighting is of widespread interest and that no topic of contemporary interest to physicians will generate more heat and internal combustion. One somewhat wistful letter from a hospital lay administrator, which in the face of the preponderant pro-moonlighting sentiment now seems like a voice in the wilderness, adds a philosophical note: "The noble and hallowed traditions of medicine for many centuries rested securely on ideals built up around the concepts of devotion to the patient and self-sacrifice. As long as it was evident that such ideals possessed the physician, he walked like a god among men, commanding respect and adoration from all. The advent of moonlighting will undoubtedly do much to divest the doctors of the priestly robes of selfsacrifice which we have
Psychologic Factors in Instantaneous Cardiac Death
Authors: George L. Engel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

That emotion may precipitate sudden death is part of world-wide folklore and goes back to antiquity.1 The influence of the nervous system on the heart has, of course, long been known. Its importance for sudden death associated with myocardial infarction was early demonstrated by Leriche, who found that denervation of the heart prevented most of the deaths that occur when the anterior descending coronary artery is tied off in conscious dogs, an observation repeatedly confirmed by others.2 Ventricular arrhythmia, notably ventricular fibrillation, is now recognized to be the critical physiologic mechanism responsible for instantaneous cardiac death. The triggering of ventricular . . .
A MEMORABLE PATIENT
Authors: R. Towey
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Theresa was waiting for an operation in an African hospital. But as there were so many patients her operation would have to be postponed for another day, or week, or perhaps months. Such postponements are common and the patients quietly wrap their covering sheets around themselves, pick up their medical records, and make their way back to the wards from the waiting area of the operating theatre. Disappointed as most patients are when this happens they are usually hopeful because to have got this far means that they will ultimately get their operation. But Theresa had lost hope and cried in a …
Effect of water-training in the maintenance of cardiorespiratory endurance of athletes.
Authors: C. J. Gatti, R. J. Young, H. L. Glad
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1979)

The effectiveness of water-training in maintaining cardiorespiratory endurance was investigated in 16 cross country athletes, 18--24 years. Following a competitive season, subjects were stress-tested (T1) and divided into three equated groups based on VO2 max. Group I (n=5) continued training as it had during the competition season. Group II (n=5) underwent an experimental period of water-training, and Group III (n=6) let their training lapse. Subjects in the water-training group exercised in deep water for 40 minutes, 6 days/week for 3 weeks, supported by a flotation device which permitted them to engage in a running type activity, resembling their natural running form. All subjects were retested after 3 weeks (T2). A non-significant F ratio from an analysis of variance at T1 confirmed the equality of the three groups in terms of VO2 max. Analysis of covariance at T2 using T1 VO2 max values as covariates revealed a significant (p less than .05) F ratio reflecting a significant (p less than .05) difference between the regular training group and the group which let its training lapse. The water-training group did not differ significantly from the regular training group indicating that the water-training programme prevented a significant decline in VO2 max.
Nestin+ kidney resident mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of acute kidney ischemia injury
Authors: Mei Hua Jiang, Guilan Li, Junfeng Liu, Longshan Liu, Bingyuan Wu, Weijun Huang, Wen He, Chunhua Deng, Dong Wang, Chunling Li, Bruce T. Lahn, Chenggang Shi, Andy Peng Xiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
History of Physiology
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1973)

There are many good histories of medicine, both brief general surveys and longer more detailed monographs. There are many good histories of medical specialties—pathology, cardiology, midwifery, urology, to name but a few. Physiology, however, has been relatively neglected. To be sure, there is an excellent anthology of readings in physiology, and good monographs on specific individuals who have contributed much to the discipline, but no general history of the subject in English. The German literature has fared much better, and Rothschuh's<i>Geschichte der Physiologie</i>, published in 1953, has long enjoyed an excellent reputation. Now Rothschuh's<i>History</i>, in an updated form, has been made available to the English reader. Dr. Guenter Risse has made a workmanlike idiomatic translation. When we compare the English with the German, we can see a modest amount of actual addition, a few deletions, some transpositions, and other relatively minor changes. The biggest change is in the
Atenolol: side effects in a newborn infant.
Authors: D L Woods, D F Morrell
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Reversible male subfertility due to hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism in women may cause oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, and failure of ovulation.In men gonadal dysfunction is less apparent, though loss of libido, reduced potency,' and gynaecomastia2 may occur.We describe a man who presented with subfertility due to thyrotoxicosis and in whom normal fertility was restored with antithyroid drug treatment. Case reportA 26-year-old man with a one-year history of attempted conception was referred to a male subfertility clinic.Two previous semen analyses had disclosed oligospermia with sperm counts of 11 x 109/1 on both occasions (figure).He had had classical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis for five years and 18 months earlier had been investigated for palpitations.Examination showed a diffuse goitre, tremor, and tachycardia; vitiligo was present on the arms, trunk, and penis.There was no gynaecomastia and the testes were normal.Hyperthyroidism was confirmed biochemically: serum thyroxine concentration was 267 mmol/l (20-7 4g/100 ml) (normal
THE ETIOLOGY OF SEASICKNESS.
Authors: WM. EDGAR DARNALL
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Seasickness is a thing that in these days of so much water travel is quite common, and to. which it seems the medical profession has given but scant attention. There is little literature on the subject. It is one of those unsettled questions about which each man may pursue his own theory as to etiology unmolested, provided only that he hit upon some method for the relief of its symptoms. There is no pathologic evidence connected with it, so far as I know, and the clinical manifestations of the malady are all we have to guide us in seeking a rational cause for them. The assertion may safely be ventured, I think, that the seat of the trouble does not lie in the stomach itself primarily, but that the vomiting is a reflex phenomenon. It is not a disease, but the symptom of a condition. Seasickness is no respecter of
PERCENT BODY FAT IS NOT AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN SOUTH ASIANS UNLIKE IN CAUCASIANS
Authors: Danny Eapen, Pankaj Manocha, Riyaz S. Patel, Ibrahim Kassas, Ravi Nanjundappa, Salman Sher, Irina Uphoff, Ying X. Liu, Uzair Janjua, Srividya Koduru, Hamid Syed, Amr Mohammed, Vivek Menon, Ali S. Khan, Rob Neuman, Joseph Poole, Laurence Sperling, Arshed A. Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Ischemic Events — Exploring the Hidden Side of the Moon
Authors: Attilio Maseri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Cardiac and cerebral ischemic events develop unpredictably in patients with widely varying degrees of atherosclerotic disease. Thus, a major area of research is the study of the stimuli that provoke ischemic events. The weak relation between ischemic events and flow-limiting stenoses in the coronary and carotid arteries leaves room for innovative research.1 However, it is easier to study the details of accepted paradigms than it is to develop new hypotheses, just as it was easier to map the visible face of the moon than it was to explore its hidden side.The study by Ridker et al. in this issue . . .
Unexplained recurrent fever: when is autoinflammation the explanation?
Authors: T. Kallinich, M. Gattorno, C. E. Grattan, H. D. de Koning, C. Traidl‐Hoffmann, E. Feist, K. Krause, D. Lipsker, A. A. Navarini, M. Maurer, H. J. Lachmann, A. Simon
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Recurrent fever can be the sole or leading manifestation of a variety of diseases including malignancies, autoimmune diseases and infections. Because the differential diagnoses are manifold, no formal guidelines for the approach of patients with recurrent fever exists. The newly recognized group of autoinflammatory diseases are often accompanied by repetitive fever attacks. As these episodes are frequently associated by a variety of divergent presentations, the differentiation of other causes for febrile illnesses can be difficult. In this article, we first review disease entities, which frequently present with the symptom of recurrent fever. In a next step, we summarize their characteristic pattern of disease presentation. Finally, we analyse key features of autoinflammatory diseases, which are helpful to distinguish this group of diseases from the other causes of recurrent fever. Recognizing these symptom patterns can provide the crucial clues and, thus, lead to the initiation of targeted specific diagnostic tests and therapies.
The Greater Risk of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy and Myopathy in Women Compared With Men
Authors: Alvaro Urbano-Márquez
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To compare the cardiac and muscular status of male and female alcoholics to determine if the response of women to alcohol is different from that of men.Cross-section study.An ambulatory alcoholism treatment unit in the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona.Fifty asymptomatic alcoholic women, 100 asymptomatic alcoholic men, and 50 female nonalcoholic controls.Studies included clinical assessment of muscle strength, muscle biopsy, echocardiography, radionuclide cardiac angiography, and treadmill exercise electrocardiographic recording test.The mean strength of the deltoid muscle in alcoholic women was significantly lower than that in controls (P < .001) and half suffered clinical weakness (muscle strength > or = 2 SD below controls). Muscle biopsy specimens from half of all asymptomatic women showed histologic evidence of myopathy. Left ventricular ejection fractions tended to be depressed, and a third of the alcoholic women had evidence of cardiomyopathy. Muscular strength and ejection fractions in women were inversely correlated with the total lifetime dose of ethanol, whereas the left ventricular mass showed a direct correlation. Of the alcoholic men, 39% suffered clinical weakness, and 45% had histologic evidence of myopathy. Evidence of cardiomyopathy was found in almost a third of the men, and their ejection fractions also correlated inversely with the total lifetime dose of ethanol. However, the threshold dose for the development of cardiomyopathy was considerably less in women than in men, and the decline in the ejection fraction with increasing alcohol dose was significantly steeper (P < .001).Despite the fact that the mean lifetime dose of alcohol in female alcoholics was only 60% that in male alcoholics, cardiomyopathy and myopathy were as common in female alcoholics as in male alcoholics. This finding, together with a more pronounced response of the ejection fraction to the dose of ethanol, indicates that women are more sensitive than men to the toxic effects of alcohol on striated muscle.
Decreased blood flow but unaltered insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of chronic smokers
Authors: E.M. Rönnemaa, T. Rönnemaa, T. Utriainen, M. Raitakari, H. Laine, T. Takala, O.-P. Pitkänen, O. Kirvelä, J. Knuuti, P. Nuutila
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Risk stratification to predict pain during unsedated colonoscopy: results of a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Øyvind Holme, Michael Bretthauer, Thomas de Lange, Birgitte Seip, Gert Huppertz-Hauss, Ole Høie, Per Sandvei, Carl Ystrøm, Geir Hoff
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Colonoscopy without sedation has several advantages over sedated colonoscopy, but a considerable proportion of patients experience pain. The aim of this study was to develop a risk stratification model of pre-examination risk factors to enable targeted sedation during colonoscopy. <b>Patients and methods: </b>Between October 2011 and January 2012, consecutive outpatients who were willing to start colonoscopy without sedation at 11 Norwegian centers were prospectively recruited. Patients recorded pain on a validated 4-point scale (none, slight, moderate, or severe pain). Potential risk factors for a painful procedure (defined as moderate or severe pain) were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was calculated to assess the discriminatory ability of the derived model. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1198 patients (635 men and 563 women) were included. Seven independent, pre-procedural risk factors for patient pain were identified: female sex, age < 40 years, previous abdominal surgery, abdominal pain as indication for colonoscopy, anticipation of pain, previous painful colonoscopy, and a history of diverticulitis. In patients with 0, 1, 2, or ≥ 3 risk factors, a painful colonoscopy was experienced by 35 %, 43 %, 52 %, and 63 % of women and 18 %, 24 %, 35 %, and 63 % of men, respectively. The model showed modest discrimination abilities (AUROC = 0.69). <b>Conclusion: </b>Female sex was a strong risk factor for pain during colonoscopy, and sedation or analgesia should be considered for all women prior to colonoscopy. For male patients, the presence of multiple risk factors should encourage the endoscopist to offer sedation.
Bone-marrow Transfusion in Infants and Children
Authors: J. D. Gimson
Journal: BMJ (1944)

JOURNAL 2. Treatment of acute suppurative otitis media by a sulphonamide should be reserved for the period after incision of the membrane and bacteriological investigation.If the fever is maintained, -the appro- priate sulphonamide may be used in full dosage (day and night), but not after the end of the second week.3. After two, three, or four weeks the condition of the ear, if still actively suppurating, is again becoming one that potentially requires surgical drainage, this time of the mastoid; and signs and symptoms justifying intervention must not be-masked by the administration of sulphonamides, which at best will rarely reach the local area.but will distort the clinical picture as a whole.4. Wholesale use of sulphonamides in otitic infections is to be deprecated.5. If a sulphonamide has been given before drainage, the most valuable help in assessing the beneficial effect of the drug is gained by examining the drum-head frequently.If this continues to bulge myringotomy should not be delayed, because the condition, which otherwise appears to Se improving, is in reality becoming more perilous.Persistence of deafness is also a strong indication that all is not well.6. Patients taking sulphonanmide drugs sometimes do not acquire any resistance of their own to the infection with which they are contending, and it would seem that recurrences are more likely in these cases, which, in addition to developing no immunity to the infection, may find the micro-organism has become sulphonamideresistant.Recently a schoolboy had five extremely severe and prolonged attacks of tonsillitis (haemolytic streptococci) over a period of three and a half months; each attack lasted at least a fortnight, with high fever.All attacks, except the last, were treated with sulphonamides, and it was assumed that, in addition to developing no individual immunity, the micro-organism had become sulphon- amide-resistant.Tonsillectomy was uneventful, and has resulted in freedom from any further trouble.7. It is needless to emphasize the uselessness and danger of giving inadequate or erratic dosage of sulphonamides.If given at all, full doses at four-hourly intervals, day and night, are required for the full period, and the drug should be continued for a time after complete subsidence of fever.
Spi-B inhibits human plasma cell differentiation by repressing BLIMP1 and XBP-1 expression
Authors: Heike Schmidlin, Sean A. Diehl, Maho Nagasawa, Ferenc A. Scheeren, Remko Schotte, Christel H. Uittenbogaart, Hergen Spits, Bianca Blom
Journal: Blood (2008)