tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measles in children who have malignant disease.
Authors: J Kernahan, J McQuillin, A W Craft
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A review study examined the clinical course of measles diagnosed in children being treated for malignant disease in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1973-86. Of the 17 cases diagnosed, five were fatal. Factors associated with a favourable outcome were a typical rash and Koplik's spots, which were accompanied by a detectable serum antibody response and the disappearance of measles giant cells from nasopharyngeal secretions. Pneumonitis severe enough to require assisted ventilation was invariably fatal. Pneumonitis and encephalitis were the main complications. Treatment included immunoglobulin, interferon, and ribavirin, but none could clearly be shown to be effective. The comparatively low mortality in this series may have been due to the extensive use of the fluorescent antibody technique in Newcastle during the study period and therefore detection of less severe cases as compared with other reports.
The natural history of chronic hepatitis C in a cohort of HIV-negative Italian patients with hereditary bleeding disorders
Authors: Massimo Franchini, Gina Rossetti, Annarita Tagliaferri, Franco Capra, Elena de Maria, Corrado Pattacini, Giuseppe Lippi, Giuliana Lo Cascio, Marzia de Gironcoli, Giorgio Gandini
Journal: Blood (2001)
Targeted Degradation of the AML1/MDS1/EVI1 Oncoprotein by Arsenic Trioxide
Authors: David Shackelford, Candia Kenific, Agnieszka Blusztajn, Samuel Waxman, Ruibao Ren
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been found to be an effective treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia patients and is being tested for treating other hematologic malignancies. We have previously shown that AML1/MDS1/EVI1 (AME), a fusion gene generated by a t(3;21)(q26;q22) translocation found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia during blast phase, myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), impairs hematopoiesis and eventually induces an AML in mice. Both fusion partners of AME, AML1 and MDS1/EVI1, encode transcription factors and are also targets of a variety of genetic abnormalities in human hematologic malignancies. In addition, aberrant expression of ectopic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) has also been found in solid tumors, such as ovarian and colon cancers. In this study, we examined whether ATO could target AME and related oncoproteins. We found that ATO used at therapeutic levels degrades AME. The ATO treatment induces differentiation and apoptosis in AME leukemic cells in vitro as well as reduces tumor load and increases the survival of mice transplanted with these cells. We further found that ATO targets AME via both myelodysplastic syndrome 1 (MDS1) and EVI1 moieties and degrades EVI1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and MDS1 in a proteasome-independent manner. Our results suggest that ATO could be used as a part of targeted therapy for AME-, AML1/MDS1-, MDS1/EVI1-, and EVI1-positive human cancers.
Effect of exercise training on serum leptin levels in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Tomofusa Ishii, Tetsuya Yamakita, Keiko Yamagami, Tsunehiko Yamamoto, Masafumi Miyamoto, Koichi Kawasaki, Masayuki Hosoi, Katsunobu Yoshioka, Toshihiko Sato, Shiro Tanaka, Satoru Fujii
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Antiarrhythmic efficacy of encainide in patients with refractory recurrent ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: J W Mason, F A Peters
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Encainide is a new agent for treating ventricular arrhythmias. We attempted long-term oral therapy with encainide in 38 patients with recurrent, strikingly drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia. The usual daily dose of encainide ws 150-250 mg divided into four or six doses. The mean period until withdrawal of encainide or the date of follow-up was 4.2 months. Encainide completely eliminated recurrence of ventricular tachycardia in 54% of the patients for 6 months of therapy and in 29% of the patients for 18-30 months of therapy. Twelve patients (32%) had side effects possibly due to encainide; in four, the arrhythmia may have been worsened by encainide. During chronic therapy, encainide increased the PR interval by 18% and the QRS duration by 32%. There was no significant change in the corrected QT interval. The presence of QRS prolongation appeared to correlate with antiarrhythmic effect. We conclude that encainide is a safe, well-tolerated antiarrhythmic agent that is often effective against previously drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia.
Prolonged Granulocytopenia from Incompatible Platelet Transfusions
Authors: Roger H. Herzig, David G. Poplack, Ronald A. Yankee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A prolonged decrease in circulating granulocytes accompanied transfusions of HL-A-incompatible platelet concentrates in two afebrile patients with aplastic anemia. The median granulocyte count measured at 20 hours after incompatible platelet concentrates was reduced by 30.8 per cent and remained depressed below pretransfusion levels for as long as four days (median of two days). HL-A-matched platelet concentrates obtained either from siblings or from nonfamily donors did not cause granulocytopenia. The rebound granulocytosis that usually follows transfusion reactions was not observed in these patients presumably because of severely comprised bone-marrow reserves. The prolonged delay in recovery of circulating granulocytes caused by incompatible platelet concentrates may lower host defenses and thus increase the risk of infection. (N Engl J Med 290:1220–1223, 1974)
METABOLISM OF 4-C14-TESTOSTERONE IN HUMAN SUBJECTS. I. DISTRIBUTION IN BILE, BLOOD, FECES AND URINE
Authors: Avery A. Sandberg, W. Roy Slaunwhite
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

46 Carcinoma of breast E. S. F 35 Carcinoma of breast C. E. F 50 Carcinoma of breast, NPN 69 to 101 mgm.per cent, albuminuria, patient receiving 100 mgm.testosterone pro- pionate 3 times weekly I.M., gener- alized metastases F
TUBERCULOSIS—INFECTION THROUGH MILK AND THROUGH BAD SANITATION.
Authors: W. E. HARRIMAN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In theJournal of the American Medical Associationof Feb. 8, 1896, Dr. Edward F. Wells of Chicago announced the proposition that pulmonary tuberculosis is declining in prevalence, and supported the assertion by some very complete and carefully compiled statistic tables. These statistics seem authentic and it is hard to doubt the conclusions; yet our journals and periodicals in general are filled with startling statements of its prevalence. Dr. J. Collins Warren, professor of surgery in Harvard University, says that tuberculosis probably affects more people than any other form of infectious disease, and estimates that one out of every five deaths is due to this disease. Professor Law of Cornell University is quoted in Vol. xviii of<i>The American Veterinary Review</i>, as having said: "If the 5,490 deaths from tuberculosis which occur every year in the city of New York could be brought together in an epidemic lasting but one
RENAL CHANGES IN A CASE OF SULFADIAZINE ANURIA
Authors: H. A. BRADFORD
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Early in the treatment of pneumonia with sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole, attention was drawn to the side effects of those drugs on the kidney. Complications involving the urinary tract have been caused by obstruction of the ureters, kidney pelves, calices and tubules by crystals of the acetylated form of the drug and secondly by toxic effects of the drugs on the kidney tissue. Changes noted in renal tissues were cloudy swelling and desquamation in the tubules. Such changes were noted by Smith and Delaney,<sup>1</sup>who have recently reported 5 cases of pneumonia in which renal complications developed following treatment with sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole. Two patients failed to survive and came to postmortem examination. In the first instance sulfapyridine was administered. Pathologic examination of the kidneys showed definite degenerative changes confined largely to the convoluted tubules. The second patient suffered from chronic glomerulonephritis, contracted pneumonia and was treated with sulfathiazole. Postmortem
Drugs of Choice: Current Perspectives on Drug Use
Authors: Frank E. Crumley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The preface to this book indicates that it is addressed to the needs of "anyone interested in drug education." It seems primarily directed to consumers of drugs who choose their own medication or choose drugs for recreational purposes. In the introduction the authors note that "the topic is highly emotionally charged; it is heavily ladened with individual values and personal biases; it is inundated with myths and inaccurate information." Unfortunately, the book may do little to change this situation. The idea of the book is good, that is, "today's consumer must be informed and responsible for rational drug use." However, the book tries to cover too much territory in 300 pages and with too little solid research. Although some of the references refer to professional journals, many refer to the Drug Information Center, University of Oregon. Standard medical school pharmacology books or references, such as<i>Medical Pharmacology</i>by Goth, are
Angiographic studies of quinton--scribner arteriovenous cannulae
Authors: J. R. Dathan, J. M. A. Thompson, B. S. Worthington
Journal: BMJ (1969)

An analysis of 86 angiographic studies of Quinton–Scribner shunts has shown that these may be very useful in determining the cause and helping in the management of poorly functioning cannulae in patients on regular haemodialysis treatment.
BRCA1-Associated Protein-1 Is a Tumor Suppressor that Requires Deubiquitinating Activity and Nuclear Localization
Authors: Karen H. Ventii, Narra S. Devi, Kenneth L. Friedrich, Tatiana A. Chernova, Mourad Tighiouart, Erwin G. Van Meir, Keith D. Wilkinson
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), a deubiquitinating enzyme of unknown cellular function, is mutated in breast and lung cancers. In this study, we have shown for the first time that BAP1 has tumor suppressor activity in vivo by showing that BAP1 can suppress tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells in athymic nude mice. We show that BAP1 fulfills another criterion of a genuine tumor suppressor because cancer-associated BAP1 mutants are deficient in deubiquitinating activity. We show for the first time that one of the two predicted nuclear targeting motifs is required for nuclear localization of BAP1 and that a truncation mutant found in a lung cancer cell line results in BAP1 that fails to localize to the nucleus. Furthermore, we show that deubiquitinating activity and nuclear localization are both required for BAP1-mediated tumor suppression in nude mice. We show that BAP1 exerts its tumor suppressor functions by affecting the cell cycle, speeding the progression through the G(1)-S checkpoint, and inducing cell death via a process that has characteristics of both apoptosis and necrosis. Surprisingly, BAP1-mediated growth suppression is independent of wild-type BRCA1. Because deubiquitinating enzymes are components of the ubiquitin proteasome system, this pathway has emerged as an important target for anticancer drugs. The identification of the deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 as a tumor suppressor may lead to further understanding of how the ubiquitin proteasome system contributes to cancer and aid in the identification of new targets for cancer therapy.
Did the Pigeon Chested Man' have Marfan's syndrome?
Authors: R. M Strauss, H. Marzo-Ortega, A. A Bruckner
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

When the Bavarian artist Christian Schad (1894-1982) painted Agosta der Flugelmensch und Rascha die schwarze Taube in 1929, he formed part of the ‘Neue Sachlichkeit’ (New Objectivity). This was a German artistic movement which combined social criticism with near-photographic realism1, including the representation of the human body with exact reflections of malformations or disease. The title of this painting (Figure 1), which can currently be seen in the new Tate Modern gallery in London, has been incorrectly translated as ‘Agosta the pigeon-chested man and Rasha the black dove’, when the dominating feature is pectus excavatum rather than pectus carinatum (pigeon chest). More importantly, the translation takes no account of the model's main characteristic—a ‘man with wings’ (Flugelmensch). There might be more to this painting than a mere skeletal deformity.



Figure 1

Agosta der Flugelmensch und Rascha die schwarze Taube, 1929 (Oil on panel, private collection)



In the picture, both Agosta and his companion are looking out at the spectator with the serene expression of those used to public scrutiny. Our attention is immediately drawn to Agosta's deep pectus excavatum with outward deformities of the lower halves of the anterior rib cage. A long and thin thorax and a relatively long left arm can be observed. In addition, there is an obvious kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis affecting his shoulder girdle. The second and third fingers of his right hand are awkwardly positioned with hyperextension of proximal and distal interphalangeal joints suggesting joint laxity. His face is straight with slant-down eyes.

The man who stood model for this painting is known to have earned his living by displaying his body as an anatomical curiosity in Berlin funfairs as Flugelmensch, suggesting a large armspan. Although a wide armspan is found in a large proportion of men2, the span must have been exceptional to provide this man's income as a circus curiosity. He was also frequently invited for teaching purposes to the Charite, Berlin's university hospital, and was said to have an ‘altered position of his heart’1, perhaps secondary to the deformity of his thoracic cavity. His extraordinarily large arm span, chest and back deformities together with the possibility of joint and tissue hypermobility as well as his facial appearance suggest the diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome.

Formal diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome demands characteristic skeletal, ophthalmological and cardiac abnormalities, or alternatively two of these three together with a clear family history of Marfan's syndrome3. Physicians in the Charite in 1929 were probably aware of this diagnosis, since Marfan's syndrome was first described in 18964. Unfortunately the hospital's medical records of the time no longer exist, so the final diagnosis has to remain a matter for speculation.
Laboratory Tests in Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Kraig W. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

One hundred twenty-five patients with chronic urticaria were evaluated with 11 commonly recommended laboratory and radiologic procedures. Abnormal studies were obtained in 26 (20.8%) of these patients, but the majority of these abnormalities were evident from the initial history and physical examination. These results indicate that, with the possible exception of sinus roentgenograms, these laboratory studies are not likely to be helpful in the evaluation of chronic urticaria unless there are suggestive findings in the history and physical examination. The yield and equivalent charge of diagnosis for each procedure used was also analyzed.
Danger of Overwarming Blood by Microwave
Authors: James F. Arens
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Microwave blood warmers have a number of advantages over the currently used plastic coils immersed in water. A single warmer may be used to service several operating rooms simultaneously and the blood is warmed within a matter of minutes. Although three independent studies indicate that the red blood cells are not altered when subjected to microwaves, we have experienced difficulties. Five units of blood were obviously overheated and hemolyzed in spite of our observing recommended precautions. Four units were transfused to three patients.
The Doctor and the Law — Noise in Hospitals
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE large number of legal actions brought against physicians and surgeons is still causing concern. A new feature of the annual report of the Ministry of Health is the inclusion of tables to show the frequency of claims and proceedings against hospitals and their medical staffs. These demonstrate that compensation payments of all kinds, largely in negligence cases, rose from £23,636 in 1950 to £159,047 in 1953. In his report, the president of the Medical Defence Union has said that the number of claims for alleged medical negligence was 80 per cent higher in 1953 than in 1947. The report . . .
B7-07: Deletion of chromosome 10q detected by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is a potential new tool for early detection of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Sai Yendamuri, Ara A. Vaporciyan, Tanweer Zaidi, Ricardo Fernandez, David C. Rice, Garrett L. Walsh, Stephen G. Swisher, Margaret Spitz, Jack A. Roth, Ruth L. Katz
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Management of leiomyomata
Authors: J.-B. Dubuisson
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

Uterine myoma is the benign tumour with which the general public is most familiar. Indeed, because it is extremely frequent and has such an effect on women's genital life, it is a subject of preoccupation for public health. Although there was little change in conservative management for over a century after Atlee described the first myomectomy by laparotomy in 1844 (reported in Brown et al., 1956), since the end of the 1970s several new techniques have been proposed as alternatives to myomectomy by laparotomy: hysteroscopic myomectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy, myolysis, uterine artery embolization, and treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Renewed interest is also being shown in abstention from therapy. These new approaches are the subject of considerable enthusiasm because they enable patients to be treated while keeping the constraints and sequelae of treatment to a minimum. These minimally invasive therapies are in line with the present attitude of 'reduced therapy' for the management of myoma. Integration of these new techniques into everyday practice does raise certain questions, however.
An infrequent cause of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: S Greco
Journal: Gut (2006)

A 30 year old male with confirmed Crohn’s disease (CD) receiving prophylactic mesalamine was referred to our unit because of a six month history of recurrent episodes of conspicuous haematochezia. He complained of nausea, occasional vomiting, and colicky abdominal pain after eating. His …
Outgrowth of Drug-Resistant Carcinomas Expressing Markers of Tumor Aggression after Long-term TβRI/II Kinase Inhibition with LY2109761
Authors: Erin C. Connolly, Elise F. Saunier, David Quigley, Minh Thu Luu, Angela De Sapio, Byron Hann, Jonathan M. Yingling, Rosemary J. Akhurst
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

TGF-β is produced excessively by many solid tumors and can drive malignant progression through multiple effects on the tumor cell and microenvironment. TGF-β signaling pathway inhibitors have shown efficacy in preclinical models of metastatic cancer. Here, we investigated the effect of systemic LY2109761, a TGF-β type I/II receptor (TβRI/TβRII) kinase inhibitor, in both a tumor allograft model and the mouse skin model of de novo chemically induced carcinogenesis in vivo. Systemic LY2109761 administration disrupted tumor vascular architecture and reduced myofibroblast differentiation of E4 skin carcinoma cells in a tumor allograft. In the 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene plus phorbol myristate acetate-induced skin chemical carcinogenesis model, acute dosing of established naive primary carcinomas with LY2109761 (100 mg/kg) every 8 hours for 10 days (100 mg/kg) diminished phospho-Smad2 (P-Smad2) levels and marginally decreased the expression of inflammatory and invasive markers. Sustained exposure to LY2109761 (100 mg/kg/d) throughout the tumor outgrowth phase had no effect on carcinoma latency or incidence. However, molecular analysis of resultant carcinomas by microarray gene expression, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry suggests that long-term LY2109761 exposure leads to the outgrowth of carcinomas with elevated P-Smad2 levels that do not respond to drug. This is the first description of acquired resistance to a small-molecule inhibitor of the TβRI/TβRII kinase. Resultant carcinomas were more aggressive and inflammatory in nature, with delocalized E-cadherin and elevated expression of Il23a, laminin V, and matrix metalloproteinases. Therefore, TGF-β inhibitors might be clinically useful for applications requiring acute administration, but long-term patient exposure to such drugs should be undertaken with caution.
Lymphocytic pneumonitis as the manifestation of acute graft‐versus‐host disease of the lung
Authors: Javier Bolaños‐Meade, Olga Ioffe, Jamie C. Hey, Georgia B. Vogelsang, Görgün Akpek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract Acute graft‐versus‐host disease is a common complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It normally affects the skin, liver, and gut. We report a 54‐year‐old male who developed shortness of breath, cough, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in which the work‐up failed to demonstrate an infectious etiology 165 days post‐HLA‐matched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant. Eighteen days before, his tacrolimus had been tapered and it was subtherapeutic on admission. A transbronchial biopsy showed a perivascular and interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate without evident pathogens on histology or extensive work‐up. The clinical picture was suggestive of pulmonary acute graft‐versus‐host disease. No disease was present elsewhere. Accordingly, the patient was treated with steroids and tacrolimus. After 12 hr on methylprednisolone, his symptoms disappeared with eventual resolution radiologically. Acute graft‐versus‐host disease of the lung is a very uncommon complication after stem cell transplant, but it should be considered in patients who are at high risk for graft‐versus‐host disease or developing symptoms soon after discontinuing immunosuppression. Its diagnosis requires work‐up to rule out an infectious etiology and a biopsy to confirm histology. Am. J. Hematol. 79:132–135, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Squamo-columnar junction locator probe: an in vivo validation study
Authors: Y. Y. Lee, J. G. H. Whiting, E. V. Robertson, J. P. Seenan, M. H. Derakhshan, A. Wirz, P. Connolly, K. E. L. McColl
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The gastro-oesophageal junction is very mobile and constantly changing position with breathing, swallowing and transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR). The only method currently available for studying its location is fluoroscopic screening and this is limited by radiation exposure. We have developed a method allowing continuous real-time monitoring of the squamo-columnar (SC) junction without radiation exposure. It involves clipping a small magnet endoscopically to the SC junction and monitoring its location by a series of 26 Hall Effect sensors placed at 5 mm interval within a probe placed in oesophageal lumen. The aim of the study was to validate the new technique against fluoroscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> In eight subjects, the magnet was attached and locator probe inserted. During simultaneous fluoroscopy, subjects were asked to perform normal breathing, deep breathing, water swallows and finally advancement and retraction of locator probe over 12 cm segment. The fluoroscopy recorded images at a rate of 5 frames per seconds and the locator at 8 Hz. The position recorded by fluoroscopy and locator at each second interval were compared as well as amplitude of each complete manoeuvre. <h3>Results</h3> The correlation co-efficient for all 224 position readings was 0.96 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.96) and adjusted residual squared (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.91. The amplitude for the different manoeuvres was similar by the two techniques (see table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The locator allows continuous monitoring of the location of the SC junction with an accuracy equivalent to fluoroscopic screening and without any radiation exposure.