tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Shopping around the internet today and tomorrow: towards the millennium of cybermedicine
Authors: G. Eysenbach, E. R. Sa, T. L Diepgen
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The world wide web is the universe of network-accessible information, the embodiment of human knowledge" (W3C)The evolution of the "information age" in medicine is mirrored in the exponential growth of medical web pages, increasing numbers of databases accessible on line, and expanding services and publications available on the internet.The handful of computers linked by the predecessor of the internet in 1969 has grown to more than 5 million websites today.In spring 1998, the world wide web had at least 320 million web pages of general content. 1 In addition, there are countless conversational areas on the internet, like chat rooms and newsgroups, where people exchange messages on tens of thousands of subjects.Somewhere more than 150 million people currently communicate over the internet 2 According to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), however, the rapid "hypergrowth" of the web from 1992 to mid-1995 has now somewhat slowed to roughly gaining an order of magnitude "only" every 30 months. 3dical information is often said to be one of the most retrieved types of information on the web.In fact, according to a survey of October 1998, 27% of female and 15% of male internet users say that they access medical information weekly or daily. 4An interesting observation from this and other surveys 5 is that health and medical content seems to be one of only a few categories on line that women are more likely to use than men.No one knows the exact number of medical (including health and "wellness") websites, but the frequently cited figure of 15 000 health sites 5 is probably an underestimate, given that Yahoo USA alone lists more than 19 000 websites under the topic "health," 6 and other international Yahoo catalogues together add roughly another 15 000 sites.Assuming conservatively that a maximum of 30% of all sites are registered in Yahoo, 1 we can estimate that there are a minimum of 100 000 health related websites available.Health information providers on the web include mostly private companies offering medical products or medical information (news services, electronic journals, databases), individual patients and health professionals, self support groups for patients, and professional associations, non-governmental organisations, universities, research institutes, and governmental agencies.
The Attitudes of Students and House Staff Toward Alcoholism
Authors: Frederick B. Cooley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Geller and colleagues 1 supply important additional information regarding the many reasons physicians continue to underdiagnose alcoholism; the same problem exists among psychologists, social workers, nurses, and others in the health care business. As early as 1973, Fisher et al 2 indicated that the longer one stays in medical school, the more negative one's attitude is toward alcoholics and the possibility of effective intervention. After 8 years of teaching physicians to identify drinking problems at an early stage, I have three points to make.  I have had the experience of presenting well—thought-out and well-received workshops on how to identify problem drinkers and what to do once you identify them only to observe residents finish the seminar, meet with a patient shortly afterward, and miss virtually every clue that suggests a drinking problem. Noting this behavior reinforces my belief that this particular skill is best taught like many
Biology and Pathogenicity of Microbial Spheroplasts and L-Forms
Authors: David S. Feingold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

BACTERIA are encased in rigid cell walls that confer upon the organisms their characteristic shapes. In addition to the obvious role of these structures in protecting the bacteria from environmental stresses, they are important in cell division, in regulating the flow of certain molecules in and out of the organisms, and in determining the pathogenicity of the bacteria.Defective cell walls with consequent altered bacterial morphology can result from mutation leading to genetically defective synthesis, or from the effect of various agents, including certain enzymes and antibiotics, leading to phenotypic alterations in the bacterial cell wall. Such aberrant bacterial forms . . .
Abnormal Q Waves in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: Jeremy N. Ruskin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Between January 1970 and January 1975 the diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was entertained in 44 patients. Thirty-one (70%) of these patients had negative sigma-deflections (Q waves) on one or more electrocardiographic leads, thereby simulating a pattern of myocardial infarction (Mi). Fifteen patients (34%) were initially referred with an erroneous diagnosis of Mi based on the presence of Q waves. In nine of these 15 patients, the referring diagnosis was Mi plus ventricular preexcitation; in six, the diagnosis of ventricular preexcitation was overlooked entirely. The incidence of misdiagnosis (34%) was exactly the same as that reportly by Wolff and White approximately 30 years ago. Erroneous diagnosis of Mi can be virtually eliminated by normalizing the QRS complex by premature stimulation of the atrium during the effective refractory period of the accessory pathway.
MAGE-A3 With Cell-Penetrating Domain as an Efficient Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine
Authors: Ramesh B. Batchu, Oksana Gruzdyn, Ravindra B. Potti, Donald W. Weaver, Scott A. Gruber
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

In conjunction with chemotherapy, immunotherapy with dendritic cells (DCs) may eliminate minimal disease burden by generating cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Enhanced cytosolic bioavailability of tumor-specific antigens improves access to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules for more efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation. Various cell-penetrating domains (CPDs) are known to ferry covalently linked heterologous antigens to the intracellular compartment by traversing the plasma membrane.To determine whether generating melanoma antigen family A, 3 (MAGE-A3), a tumor-specific cancer-testis antigen, as a fusion protein with CPD will enhance the cytosolic bioavailability of MAGE-A3.MAGE-A3 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using complementary DNA from renal tissue and cloned in frame with a CPD (YARKARRQARR) at the amino-terminal end and hexahistidine at the carboxy-terminal end to generate CPD-MAGE-A3 in a pQE-70 expression vector. Cultures were grown in Escherichia coli BL21 Star (DE3-pLysS) cells followed by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity purification of recombinant proteins.Measurement of DC membrane penetration of CPD-MAGE-A3 vs MAGE-A3 and determination of the effect of CPD-MAGE-A3 pulsing on DC phenotypic expression of cell-surface antigens.Media composition and isopropyl-d-thiogalactosidase induction were optimized to achieve high levels of protein expression followed by purification. Western blot analysis with MAGE-A3 antibodies recognized both MAGE-A3 and CPD-MAGE-A3 proteins, while CPD antibodies recognized only CPD-MAGE-A3. Purified CPD-MAGE-A3 exhibited more efficient DC membrane penetration than did MAGE-A3 alone as confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. High-level expression of several unique DC markers (CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR) by flow cytometry was consistent with a mature DC phenotype, indicating that pulsing with CPD-MAGE-A3 did not alter specific cell-surface antigens required for T-cell activation.We have demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that cloning and purification of MAGE-A3 with CPD enhances its cytosolic bioavailability in DCs without altering cell-surface antigens, potentially making it a more potent therapeutic cancer vaccine compared with existing MAGE-A3 protein and peptide vaccines.
Some sceptical thoughts about metacognition
Authors: Derek Browne
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Metacognitive knowledge of one's own cognitive states is not as useful as is often thought. Differences between cognitive states often come down to differences in their intentional contents. For that reason, differences in behaviour are often explained by differences just in contents of first-order states. Uncertainty need not be a metacognitive condition. First-order interpretations of the target experiments are available.
The Harvard Way
Authors: Lamson Blaney
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  I trust that those who know Dr Walker 1 personally will now rise to the implication that he needs assistance in introspective evaluation and a more realistic assessment of the world around him. He is already in trouble and faces more difficulties in the future.  I refer him to An Experience in Learning by Dr R. D. Pruitt, presented during his commencement address at the Mayo Clinic ( Mayo Clinic Proceedings , March 1985), wherein Pruitt states, At the heart of more than a few great universities resides the credo that its students are learners and to this process the students themselves must contribute.   provocative title given the piece— The Harvard Way —should remind those who are fortunate enough to learn at that university that they have a rare opportunity for association with some of the foremost people in our profession.
Performance of Two Rapid Tests for<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Malaria in Patients with Rheumatoid Factors
Authors: Alessandro Bartoloni, Guido Sabatinelli, Maurizio Benucci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Light-microscopical examination of blood smears is the cornerstone of the diagnosis of malaria. Recently, two rapid immunodiagnostic tests, the ParaSight F test (Becton Dickinson, Cockeysville, Md.)1 and the ICT Malaria Pf test (ICT Diagnostics, Balgowlah, Australia) ,2 were developed for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Both are immunochromatographic tests based on the detection of circulating P. falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 antigen in whole blood.3 Recently, Laferl [not Laferi, as published] et al., in a letter to the editor,4 and Bartoloni et al.5 reported false positive results of ParaSight F tests in 67 percent and 68 percent of . . .
Individual Characteristics and Quitting in Apprentices Exposed to High-molecular-weight Agents
Authors: EDUARD MONSÓ, JEAN-LUC MALO, CLAIRE INFANTE-RIVARD, HEBERTO GHEZZO, MICHÈLE MAGNAN, JOCELYNE L'ARCHEVÈQUE, CAROLE TRUDEAU, DENYSE GAUTRIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To determine whether specific immunological sensitization (SIS) and symptoms of allergy are associated with quitting apprenticeships with exposure to high-molecular-weight (HMW) agents. In a cohort study of 769 apprentices starting career programs in animal health technology (AHT), pastry-making (PM), and dental hygiene technology (DHT), health status was assessed at baseline and yearly for up to 44 mo. Subjects who quit the apprenticeship were contacted and offered a last series of measurements as if they pursued. The effect of various factors—at baseline and during the career program—on quitting was examined. Eighty-nine of 769 subjects (11.6%) quit, of whom 74 participated in this study. In multivariate analysis, a history of hay fever (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.75) and attending the pastry-making program (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.11 to 4.91) were significant determinants for quitting. In the subgroup of AHT, SIS to laboratory animals, hay fever, and shortness of breath were significant determinants by univariate analysis; in PM, the only determinant was age; and in DHT, hay fever. Work-related symptoms during training were not associated with quitting. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis in AHT, including characteristics at baseline and at follow-up, baseline SIS (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 0.94 to 8.38) and symptoms of asthma in general during follow-up (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 0.94 to 5.38) were the main determinants for quitting, though they were of borderline significance. We conclude that health-related self-selection out of an apprenticeship with exposure to HMW agents is likely to occur and to cause an attrition bias.
Listen: The Patient
Authors: Eric Hodgins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

LONG years ago, in my Boston student days, the way home led past a downslope from Beacon Hill that gave onto Tremont Street. It was too narrow for wheeled traffic, so it was ideal for a curbstone evangelist who preached to a sidewalk crowd there every evening except Sunday. I used to listen to him occasionally; when after a while I gave up it was because, although he was an accomplished outdoor orator, I could never seem to get tuned in on his subject. I know it was religion only because of a truly spectacular happening one autumn evening in . . .
Tumors in Domestic Animals
Authors: Bernard F. Trum
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Review and critical evaluation of more than 1,000 articles published on tumors of domestic animals in the last 30 years are included in this volume. Many of the tissues referred to have been personally examined by the author. The objectives of the book are to summarize information on the general biology of tumors, to relate it to tumors found in domestic animals, and to assemble a bibliography. These objectives are met with unequivocal success. The author discusses reports on tumors in the dog, cat, ox, horse, sheep, pig, and goat, classified according to organ systems. More than 350 photographs which have not been published elsewhere are included. The 300 photomicrographs are of good quality and highly informative. There are more than 30 colored photos, some of which could be reproduced better if the original material were accessible today, which are next best to seeing the organs or tissues. Many deductions
Controversy over Sclerotherapy for Malignant Pleural Effusions
Authors: John C. Ruckdeschel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 July 1994Controversy over Sclerotherapy for Malignant Pleural EffusionsJohn C. Ruckdeschel, MDJohn C. Ruckdeschel, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-2-199407150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Walker-Renard and colleagues, although well written and researched, reaches unwarranted and misleading conclusions. The authors have, in effect, done a meta-analysis without following the rigorous procedures required for such an analysis [1].The conclusion that “doxycycline and minocycline, with success rates of 72% and 86%, respectively, appear to be effective tetracycline-replacement agents in the few patients studied,” is particularly misleading. The minocycline data are based on a sample of seven patients [2]. The total doxycycline experience of 60 patients from three trials showed only a 10% response to the first dose of doxycycline as ...References1. Anderson JW, Harrington D. Meta-analyses need new publication standards. J Clin Oncol. 1992; 10:878-80. Google Scholar2. Hatta T, Tsubuota N, Yoshimura M, Yanagawa M. Effect of intrapleural administration of minocycline on postoperative air leakage and malignant pleural effusion. Kyobu Geka. 1990; 43:283-6. Google Scholar3. Ruckdeschel JC, Moores D, Lee JY, Einborn LH, Mandelbaum I, Koeller J, et al. Intrapleural therapy for malignant pleural effusions. Chest. 1991; 100:1528-35. Google Scholar4. Morrison MC, Mueller PR, Lee MJ, Saini S, Brink JA, Dawson SL, et al. Sclerotherapy of malignant pleural effusion through sonographically placed small-bore catheters. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1992; 158:41-3. Google Scholar5. Aelony Y, King R, Boutin C. Thoracoscopic talc poudrage pleurodesis for chronic recurrent pleural effusions. Ann Intern Med. 1991; 115:778-82. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John C. Ruckdeschel, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 2Page: 150-151KeywordsDoxycyclineFood and Drug AdministrationHealth careHospitalizationsPleural effusionRandomized trialsSurgeryTalcTetracyclinesThorax ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
How we know our conscious minds: Introspective access to conscious thoughts
Authors: Keith Frankish
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Carruthers considers and rejects a mixed position according to which we have interpretative access to unconscious thoughts, but introspective access to conscious ones. I argue that this is too hasty. Given a two-level view of the mind, we can, and should, accept the mixed position, and we can do so without positing additional introspective mechanisms beyond those Carruthers already recognizes.
Italian doctors defy restrictions on abortion pill
Authors: Jane Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors in Italy are defying the goverment's move to restrict imports of the abortion pill mifepristone (also known as RU486).

Earlier this month the country's health minister, Francesco Storace, signalled a tougher stance on access to the pill in an interview with the Times (1 Feb, p 36; www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,13509-2018913,00.html). He said that imports of the pill had “rocketed” in the past two years and that in future doctors would have to “justify every individual request on precise clinical and epidemiological grounds.”

Commentators believe that Silvio Berlusconi's government is trying to win over the …
Abstract 3975: Detecting patient mutomes by integrating DNA and RNA sequencing
Authors: Matthew D. Wilkerson, Wei Sun, Kai Wang, Christopher R. Cabanski, Katherine A. Hoadley, Jinze Liu, Jan Prins, D Neil Hayes
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Personalized cancer medicine, the matching of therapies to a given patient's somatic alterations, depends on highly accurate and complete identification of patients’ somatic alterations, or their mutome. Advances in sequencing technologies (exome sequencing, RNAseq, and whole genome sequencing) have provided a means to examine large portions of the genetic content of patients’ cancers. Computational tools have arisen that make somatic mutation predictions utilizing particular sequencing assays; however, each sequencing assay has limitations and existing mutation detection tools exhibit less than ideal agreement when analyzing the same data. The task of identifying all somatic mutations in one patient's cancer remains a challenge to personalized cancer medicine. Typically, somatic mutation detection is performed utilizing DNA sequencing. Because RNA sequencing is often a component of genome characterization projects along with DNA sequencing, we sought to evaluate the possible added value of RNA sequencing in somatic mutation detection. We have developed an original computational method, UNCeqR, that makes patient-specific somatic mutation predictions utilizing RNA sequencing combined with DNA sequencing. DNA mutations and RNA mutations are statistically modeled separately and results are combined in a meta-analytic fashion, resulting in up to three predictions for a locus: DNA-only, RNA-only, and DNA+RNA. In addition to de novo genomewide mutation predictions, UNCeqR can query specific a priori mutations. UNCeqR was applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung squamous cell carcinoma sequencing data, consisting of Ilumina RNAseq and Illumina exome sequencing. Of annotated exons, 20% had very low to zero coverage in RNA and 5% had very low to zero coverage in DNA, indicating that both sequencing assays add new genomic territory for mutation detection. Limiting to regions with both DNA and RNA coverage, 56% of mutations detected from DNA were also predicted by RNA, providing an independent validation of these mutations. To evaluate if mutation detection using DNA+RNA is superior to detection using DNA-only, cancer specimen DNA and RNA reads were randomly split into subsamples. UNCeqR was executed on each of the subsamples and mutation agreement was compared among pairs of subsamples within regions of DNA and RNA coverage. Compared with the DNA-only method, DNA+RNA mutation detection exhibited a 42% relative increase in percent agreement across subsamples and a 230% relative increase in the number of mutations detected. Therefore, RNA sequencing adds positive value to somatic mutation detection via UNCeqR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3975. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3975
Abstract 13474: Causes of 30-Day Readmission After Cardiac Surgery in Northern New England
Authors: Patrick C Magnus, Kristine Chaisson, Robert S Kramer, Cathy S Ross, Richard A Boss, Syed A Agha, Robert E Helm, Susan R Horton, Patricia Hofmaster, Benjamin M Westbrook, Dennis Duquette, Reed D Quinn, Louis Russo, Cheryl Jones, Jeremiah R Brown, David J Malenka
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background. There is a high rate of readmission within 30 days following discharge from a hospitalization for cardiac surgery. This is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of ca...
High familial prevalence of gallstones in the first-degree relatives of gallstone patients
Authors: Shiv K. Sarin, Vir S. Negi, Richa Dewan, Smailaja Sasan, Anoop Saraya
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Limited information is available on the prevalence of gallstones in the first-degree relatives of gallstone patients. Three groups of subjects were studied by real-time ultrasound examination: group A, 105 index gallstone patients (male/female; 20:85); group B, 330 first-degree relatives of index patients; group C, matched controls for group A (n = 105) and group B (n = 330) subjects. Dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical investigations were carried out. In 39 of 105 (37%) index cases, one or more additional family members had gallstones (positive-index case). The positive-index cases were younger than the remaining index cases (mean age, 33.1 +/- 14 vs. 44.5 +/- 13.1 years; P < .05). Fifty-one of 330 (15.5%) first-degree relatives had gallstones, nearly four and a half times (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4 to 8.5) more often than in the matched control population (12 of 330 [3.6%]). Thirty-three of 51 (65%) positive relatives were women; mother (37.3%), sister (17.6%) or daughters (10%) to the index patients. There was no difference in the diet, physical activity, and serum lipid profile between the positive index patients and the remaining gallstone patients and positive relatives and their controls. Our results show that there is a strong familial predisposition for gallstone formation. Female relatives of young gallstone patients should be routinely screened for gallstones.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Advanced Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: Suggestion for an Effective Screening Strategy for These Tumors
Authors: Youngil Koh, Dong-Wan Kim, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Doo Hyun Chung, Young-Whan Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Woo-Ho Kim, Yung-Jue Bang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
A memorable congress: Tulips for sale
Authors: J. Zorab
Journal: BMJ (2000)

individuals could be specifically targeted for vaccination, with savings both in economic costs and in the rate of side effects from vaccination.It may also be possible to reserve treatment for those infected individuals who are genetically susceptible.This will spare genetically resistant individuals from unnecessary and potentially toxic side effects.Lastly, avoiding exposure to the organisms to which one is particularly susceptible will minimise disease risk.This may be useful for people considering travelling or working in endemic areas.We thank Dr Dan T Spira for providing the scanning electron micrographs.