tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Officials Recommend Expanded Testing for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

THE INTRODUCTION OF SEVERAL EFfective antiviral drugs in recent years has greatly expanded treatment options for hepatitis B. Yet many of theestimated1.4millionUSresidents withthediseaseremainuntreatedbecause they are unaware of their infection. To address thisdiscrepancy, theUSCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)haspublishednewrecommendations urging physicians to increase routine testing for chronic hepatitis B infections (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr /preview/mmwrhtml/rr5708a1.htm). “We’re now in an era of more effective therapy, which increases the value of infected persons knowing their status,” said John W. Ward, MD, director of the CDC’s Division of Viral Hepatitis. The expanded recommendations follow a meeting the CDC convened in 2007 for researchers, physicians, public health professionals, and other experts in the prevention, care, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. The group reviewed epidemiological and treatment data, considered which populations should be tested for hepatitis B virus infection, and discussed how to improve testing strategies.
Cross-talks of tumor and myeloid cells regulate the therapeutic responses to chemotherapy by modulating innate immune responses
Authors: Masahisa Jinushi, Muhammad Baghdadi, Hideo Yagita
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Tumor-associated myeloid cells play a critical role in supporting tumor progression and metastasis. However, molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells interact with myeloid cells to modify therapeutic responses to anticancer treatments remain largely unknown. We identified several
Time Spent Sedentary and Active and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children
Authors: Jean-Philippe Chaput, Ian Janssen, John C. Spence
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis in an amenorrhoeic athlete.
Authors: R. L. Wolman, M. G. Harries, I. Fyfe
Journal: BMJ (1989)

A propos d'une observation: jeune fille de 17 ans pratiquant la course depuis l'âge de 10 ans, souffrant de la hanche droite sans cause traumatique connue, et presentant une amenorrhee. Les radiographies montrent un glissement partiel du femur, qui est corrige chirurgicalement. Apres une annee d'interruption de l'entrainement intensif, les douleurs disparaissent, les regles apparaissent et la maturite s'ameliore. L'entrainement intensif peut etre cause de complications chez les tres jeunes filles
Effect of Community Educational Interventions on Rate of Organ Donation Among Hispanic Americans
Authors: Ali Salim, Eric J. Ley, Cherisse Berry, Danielle Schulman, Sonia Navarro, Ling Zheng, Linda S. Chan
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

The need for suitable organs for transplantation is especially pronounced in minority populations such as Hispanic Americans owing to disproportionately high rates of diabetes mellitus and kidney disease. Considerable barriers exist for Hispanic Americans consent to donation, resulting in significantly lower donation rates compared with white individuals.To investigate the effect of an aggressive outreach intervention during a 5-year period aimed at improving organ donation rates among Hispanic Americans.Prospective longitudinal observation study of organ donors treated at a major metropolitan level I trauma center. The center provides most of the medical care to the 4 Southern California neighborhoods with a high percentage of Hispanic Americans that were included in the study.Television and radio media campaigns and culturally sensitive educational programs implemented at high schools, churches, and medical clinics in the target neighborhoods.Consent rate for organ donation recorded during the study.Outreach interventions started in 2007 and were completed by 2012. Of 268 potential donors, 155 total donors (106 Hispanic Americans) provided consent during this time. A significant increase in consent rate was noted among Hispanic Americans, from 56% in 2005 to 83%in 2011 (P = .004); this increase was not evident in the population that was not Hispanic (67%in 2005 and 79% in 2011; P = .21).Aggressive outreach programs can reduce the disparity between organ supply and demand by improving the consent rate among the target group.
Urinary sodium excretion in 4-6 year old children: a cause for concern?
Authors: S De Courcy, H Mitchell, D Simmons, G A MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Etude sur 34 enfants, motivee par l'hypothese d'une consommation exageree de sel amenant une tendance a l'hypertension. L'excretion de Na en 24 h est elevee. Le controle exact des aliments est difficile, mais la comparaison avec la creatinine et le poids corporel semble indiquer un risque
Prognostic Significance of, and Gene and MicroRNA Expression Signatures Associated With, <i>CEBPA</i> Mutations in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia With High-Risk Molecular Features: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study
Authors: Guido Marcucci, Kati Maharry, Michael D. Radmacher, Krzysztof Mrózek, Tamara Vukosavljevic, Peter Paschka, Susan P. Whitman, Christian Langer, Claudia D. Baldus, Chang-Gong Liu, Amy S. Ruppert, Bayard L. Powell, Andrew J. Carroll, Michael A. Caligiuri, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Richard A. Larson, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To evaluate the prognostic significance of CEBPA mutations in the context of established molecular markers in cytogenetically normal (CN) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and gain biologic insights into leukemogenesis of the CN-AML molecular high-risk subset (FLT3 internal tandem duplication [ITD] positive and/or NPM1 wild type) that has a significantly higher incidence of CEBPA mutations than the molecular low-risk subset (FLT3-ITD negative and NPM1 mutated).
Consequences of Direct Genetic Testing for Germline Mutations in the Clinical Management of Families With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type II
Authors: Hartmut P. H. Neumann, Charis Eng, Lois M. Mulligan, Damjan Glavac, Ingeborg Zäuner, Bruce A. J. Ponder, Paul A. Crossey, Eamonn R. Maher, Hiltrud Brauch
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type II (MEN-II) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by tumors of thyroid C cells and pheochromocytoma. Recently, germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene have been identified in patients with MEN-II. The aims of this study were (1) to define the mutations in clinically diagnosed MEN-II families, (2) to compare the results of genetic and biochemical testing, and (3) to evaluate the impact of mutation analyses for the members of these families.Register-based survey study of clinically affected and unaffected members of MEN-II families.Register of families from Germany and Spain with pheochromocytomas. Two research laboratories at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom.We investigated consenting affected and unaffected members belonging to a series of 10 families who met the clinical criteria for MEN-II.(1) Presence or absence of germline mutation in the RET proto-oncogene in affected and unaffected members of the 10 families, and (2) in the absence of RET mutation in a given family, presence or absence of germline mutation in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, which is the susceptibility gene involved in a closely related syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease.In eight of these families, RET mutations were identified. The specific mutations were detected in all affected members. The remaining two families without RET mutations were subsequently shown to have a mutation within the VHL gene. The VHL mutations were identified in both families and represent a previously undescribed base change. After identification of the mutation, premorbid genetic testing was performed in all MEN-II and VHL families, resulting in detection of asymptomatic carriers in the MEN-II families. Clinically, the two VHL families differed from the eight MEN-II families by the presence of a C-cell tumor in only one individual from each family and extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma in three of nine affected individuals in the two families combined.The diagnosis of MEN-II should be confirmed by molecular genetic analysis and the diagnosis of VHL syndrome should be considered for families with an absence of RET mutations and a preponderance of pheochromocytomas.
Premature death among people with mental illness
Authors: G. Thornicroft
Journal: BMJ (2013)

At best a failure to act on evidence; at worst a form of lethal discrimination

The findings of a linked paper by Lawrence and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f2539) raise disturbing questions about our disregard for the duration and value of the lives of people with mental illness.1 It has been clear for more than 50 years that people with the more disabling forms of mental illness do not live as long as those without mental illness.2 This finding has been repeatedly reported across decades and continents.3 4 Evidence from low and middle income countries is sparse,5 6 despite poignant accounts from colleagues in such countries of people with severe mental illness being abandoned in forests or deserts when families can no longer cope. Lawrence and colleagues’ research covers new ground by focusing on reduced life expectancy among …
“Splitting” and Stretching Dilation of Esophageal Strictures
Authors: H. Aste, F. Munizzi, S. Saccomanno, V. Pugliese
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

The "Splitting" action of metal olives, and the stretching effect of tapering Neoplex tubes of increasing diameter on dysphagia in a group of 55 consecutive patients with esophageal strictures are compared. Dilators were passed over a fibreoptic endoscopically positioned guide wire. Greater relief of dysphagic symptoms was obtained with the stretching procedure, mainly in postanastomotic and peptic strictures. Both procedures were safe, but the stretching technique was easier and resulted in wider dilations in most patients. Consecutive dilations using stretching procedures in malignant strictures appear to be an appropriate easy and safe alternative to endoprosthesis insertion.
US court cannot force tobacco companies to say they are "unscrupulous villains," claims industry appeal
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A court order requiring four US tobacco companies to issue “corrective statements” about their marketing practices and the health risks of their products illegally forces the companies to “denigrate themselves as unscrupulous villains who deceived the American public,” lawyers representing the companies have argued in documents submitted to the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on 7 January.1

The corrective statements were ordered in 2006 by Judge Gladys Kessler after the court found that the companies had for …
Subcutaneous Section of the Neck of the Femur
Authors: F. Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1870)

the deformity and obtaining a useful limb for the patient, with bony anchylosis in a normal position; and to such a result I would advise, in all future operations, that our expectations should be limited.With regard to the subcutaneous operation, which, so far as I know, was first suggested and performed by myself, and which I have now brought before the British Medical Association, I would only observe that the subcutaneous division of bone-subcutaneous osteotomy, as it may be called-has proved itself to be as simple and harmless an oper- ation in its immediate effects as subcutaneous tenotomy, with which, in its essential characters, the operation may be compared.Since this paper was read at the Association meeting, this operation lhas been successfully performed by MIr.T. R. Jessop of Leeds, who on
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Authors: F. J. C. Roe
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Although the pathogenesis of cancer of the kidney in man is largely unknown, certain aspects of renal carcinogenesis in experimental animals have now been elucidated.<sup>2</sup>Three main agents have been studied—hormones, chemical carcinogens, and viruses—and the present account will be confined to a consideration of these factors. Spontaneous renal neoplasms are rare in laboratory animals,<sup>2</sup>but the incidence may rise as a result of inbreeding, both in mice and in rats. The exact patterns of genetic transmission are obscure, except for the Wistar rats, studied by Eker and Mossige,<sup>3</sup>in whom the tumors appeared to be inherited through a single dominant gene which was not sex-linked. The incidence of renal tumors in rats and mice is also increased if animals are exposed to ionizing radiations,<sup>4,5</sup>although observations of this kind inevitably beg the general question of "spontaneous" neoplasia. The carcinogenic effect of estrogens on the kidneys of
Re: Breast Implants, Cancer, and Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: J. K. MCLAUGHLIN, J. H. OLSEN, S. FRIIS, L. MELLEMKJAER, J. F. FRAUMENI
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Most likely, measurement error and calibration variability had the effect of attenuating, not creating, case-control differences in total estrogens.Furthermore, the fact that we were careful to analyze each case subject and her individually matched control subjects always in the same laboratory batch (by the same experienced technician and using kits from the same manufacturer) will have removed most of the unwarranted effect of calibration variability.In our opinion, it seems unjustified to dismiss our primary results on the role of bioavailable estradiol in postmenopausal breast cancer on account of technical limitations in the measurement of total estrogens.
John William Langley Kemp
Authors: J. Bowen, J. M. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Wolverhampton and Perth (Western Australia), and consultant anaesthetist Grantham Hospital (b Wellington, New Zealand, 1915; q Barts 1938; MC, DA, FFARACS), d 14 July 2001.

With the outbreak of the second world war he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps. He was one of the last to be rescued from Dunkirk, and then served in North Africa and Italy. A private and humble man, he never disclosed the acts of bravery for which he was awarded the Military Cross at Coriano, Italy. Predeceased by his first wife, Joyce, and his second wife, Ruth, he leaves three children.
The Equivalency of Two L-Thyroxine Preparations
Authors: JAMES V. HENNESSEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Differences in blood levels of thyroid hormones have been reported when patients taking synthetic L-thyroxine were shifted from one manufactured form of the hormone to another. Because recent formulation changes have rendered these earlier data obsolete, we did a crossover study to determine differences in bioavailability of the two principal brands of thyroxine, Synthroid and Levothroid. Twenty patients received Synthroid and then Levothroid, and 14 received Levothroid and then Synthroid. Patients received each drug for 6 weeks. Although no significant differences were seen in routine thyroid hormone measurements, combined data from both groups showed a significantly higher free thyroxine level in the patients treated with Synthroid, as well as lower thyrotrophin values at 15 and 30 minutes after administration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. Equal doses of the currently manufactured forms of these two products are similar but not bioequivalent.
Plasma deoxyadenosine, adenosine, and erythrocyte deoxyATP are elevated at birth in an adenosine deaminase-deficient child.
Authors: R Hirschhorn, V Roegner, A Rubinstein, P Papageorgiou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We have determined concentrations of adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and deoxyATP (dATP) in cord blood from an infant prenatally diagnosed as ADA deficient. Plasma deoxyadenosine and adenosine were already elevated in cord blood (0.7 and 0.5 microM vs. normal of less than 0.07 microM). Elevation of plasma deoxyadenosine has not previously been documented in these children. Erythrocyte dATP content was also elevated at birth (215 nmol/ml packed erythrocytes vs. normal of 2.9). These elevated concentrations of adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and dATP are similar to those we observed in another older adenosine deaminase-deficient patient and may explain the impaired immune function and lymphopenia seen at birth.
A Prospective Study of Postmenopausal Estrogen Therapy and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Meir J. Stampfer, Walter C. Willett, Graham A. Colditz, Bernard Rosner, Frank E. Speizer, Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

To clarify the possible role of postmenopausal estrogen use in coronary heart disease, we surveyed 121,964 female nurses, aged 30 to 55 years, with mailed questionnaires, beginning in 1976. Information on hormone use and other potential risk factors was updated and the incidence of coronary heart disease was ascertained through additional questionnaires in 1978 and 1980, with a 92.7 per cent follow-up. End points were documented by medical records. During 105,786 person-years of observation among 32,317 postmenopausal women who were initially free of coronary disease, 90 women had either nonfatal myocardial infarctions (65 cases) or fatal coronary heart disease (25 cases). As compared with the risk in women who had never used postmenopausal hormones, the age-adjusted relative risk of coronary disease in those who had ever used them was 0.5 (95 per cent confidence limits, 0.3 and 0.8; P = 0.007), and the risk in current users was 0.3 (95 per cent confidence limits, 0.2 and 0.6; P = 0.001). The relative risks were similar for fatal and nonfatal disease and were unaltered after adjustment for cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, a parental history of myocardial infarction, past use of oral contraceptives, and obesity. These data support the hypothesis that the postmenopausal use of estrogen reduces the risk of severe coronary heart disease.
Geographic variation in human mitochondrial DNA control region sequence: the population history of Turkey and its relationship to the European populations
Authors: D. Comas, F. Calafell, E. Mateu, A. Perez-Lezaun, J. Bertranpetit
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

The hypervariable segment I of the control region of the mtDNA (positions 16024-16383) was amplified from hair roots by PCR and sequenced in 45 unrelated individuals from Anatolia (Asian Turkey). Forty different sequences were found, defined by 56 variable positions, of which only one involves a transversion. The neighbor-joining tree of Kimura's distance matrix for all sequences shows four main clusters. Cluster D was found to be the most statistically robust of the four, and all the sequences in it shared a mutation that is present only in European and West Asian populations. The variability in cluster D could have originated between 37,000 and 107,000 years ago. No branch is unexpectedly long, denoting the absence of sequences that diverged much before the others. The pairwise difference distribution is bell-shaped, in accordance with a population expansion occurring roughly 35,000 to 100,000 years ago. When compared to other Caucasoid populations through the pairwise difference distribution, there is a pattern from the Middle East (older expansion) to the various European populations, with Turkey in an intermediate position; when Turkish sequences are compared through a neighbor-joining tree on a genetic distance matrix of populations, this position is again evidenced. Although there is a very low level of genetic divergence among Caucasoid populations as shown by mtDNA control region sequences, a geographic pattern of genetic variation emerges, denoting a stepping-stone position of Turkey between the Middle East and Europe, which is in agreement with the hypothesis of a replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans, which could be related to the Upper Paleolithic cultural expansion.
Enhanced Cancer Growth in Mice Administered Daily Human-Equivalent Doses of Some H1-Antihistamines: Predictive In Vitro Correlates
Authors: L. J. Brandes, R. C. Warrington, R. J. Arron, R. P. Bogdanovic, W. Fang, G. M. Queen, D. A. Stein, J. Tong, C. L.F. Zaborniak, F. S. LaBella
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Enhanced Cancer Growth in Mice Administered Daily Human-Equivalent Doses of Some H 1 -Antihistamines: Predictive In Vitro Correlates Get access Lorne J. Brandes, Lorne J. Brandes Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, Canada Correspondence to: Lorne J. Brandes, M.D., Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, 100 Oliva St., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert C. Warrington, Robert C. Warrington Department of Biochemistry, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Randi J. Arron, Randi J. Arron Department of Medicine, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Patricia Bogdanovic, R. Patricia Bogdanovic Department of Medicine, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wei Fang, Wei Fang Department of Biochemistry, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary M. Queen, Gary M. Queen Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Douglas A. Stein, Douglas A. Stein Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jiangang Tong, Jiangang Tong Department of Medicine, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cheryl L.F. Zaborniak, Cheryl L.F. Zaborniak Department of Medicine, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frank S. LaBella Frank S. LaBella Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 10, 18 May 1994, Pages 770–775, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.10.770 Published: 18 May 1994 Article history Received: 03 November 1993 Revision received: 25 January 1994 Accepted: 18 February 1994 Published: 18 May 1994