tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implementing guidance on hip fracture: Authors' reply
Authors: Alex Bottle, Brian Jarman, Paul Aylin, Roger Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

How electronic communication is changing health care Usability is main barrier to effective electronic information systemsEditor-Jadad and Delamothe celebrate "the return of the human" to health informatics in their editorial asking what's next for electronic communication and health care. 1 The question is not whether we need to merge human centred and technology centred approaches: the question is how to do it.If electronic resources are to improve health they have to be accessible, reliable, and usable.More than 80% of websites are currently not accessible by all, including most primary care trust and healthcare charity sites. 2 And according to our unpublished in-house survey, few electronic resources are subject to the rigour we would expect of reliable, evidence based publications, and many of the high quality resources that exist are prohibitively difficult to use in everyday practice.Usability concerns whether an information system is structured so that users can get an answer to fit their purpose.The solution to this problem is user centred design. 3So why isn't it happening in health care?In spite of considerable evidence that user centred design results in cost savings downstream, and a clear need to assess the usability of information systems, 4 the perception remains that it is too expensive.A good first step is the creation of effective, free tools that help us assess the usability of electronic resources quickly, such as our LIDA tool (www.minervation.com/downloads.html).These are needed to show where the problems are in resources that already exist.Once the usability problem has been identified and defined and both users and commissioners have been educated to expect better from information technology systems, momentum will be gathered towards genuinely high quality electronic information systems.
Fidelity and Infidelity: And What Makes or Breaks a Marriage
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Saul, psychoanalyst and psychiatrist, has selected from the early years of his practice a number of examples of unhappy marriages, each illustrating a different type of marital difficulty. He tells about them so well that the reports seem like interesting short stories rather than case studies. He shows how, almost always, the marital difficulties depend on the personality problems of one or both partners, and the personality problems arise from early childhood experience. While describing these cases, the author explains much about mental mechanisms without using jargon and without appearing dogmatic. The lay reader, to whom the book is addressed, will certainly find much that is interesting. Whether he will find help in solving his own marital problems is questionable. Most of the stories seem to have a modified fairy tale ending: they were married and, following analysis, lived happily ever after. Does Dr. Saul believe that similar individuals
Disparities in Liver Transplantation Before and After Introduction of the MELD Score
Authors: Cynthia A. Moylan
Journal: JAMA (2008)

In February 2002, the allocation system for liver transplantation became based on the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Before MELD, black patients were more likely to die or become too sick to undergo liver transplantation compared with white patients. Little information exists regarding sex and access to liver transplantation.To determine the association between race, sex, and liver transplantation following introduction of the MELD system.A retrospective cohort of black and white patients (> or = 18 years) registered on the United Network for Organ Sharing liver transplantation waiting list between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2000 (pre-MELD cohort, n = 21 895) and between February 28, 2002, and March 31, 2006 (post-MELD cohort, n = 23 793).Association between race, sex, and receipt of a liver transplant. Separate multivariable analyses evaluated cohorts within each period to identify predictors of time to death and the odds of dying or receiving liver transplantation within 3 years of listing. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed separately.Black patients were younger (mean [SD], 49.2 [10.7] vs 52.4 [9.2] years; P < .001) and sicker (MELD score at listing: median [interquartile range], 16 [12-22] vs 14 [11-19]; P < .001) than white patients on the waiting list for both periods. In the pre-MELD cohort, black patients were more likely to die or become too sick for liver transplantation than white patients (27.0% vs 21.7%) within 3 years of registering on the waiting list (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-1.98; P = .003). In the post-MELD cohort, black race was no longer associated with increased likelihood of death or becoming too sick for liver transplantation (26.5% vs 22.0%, respectively; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.74-1.26; P = .76). Black patients were also less likely to receive a liver transplant than white patients within 3 years of registering on the waiting list pre-MELD (61.6% vs 66.9%; OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.97; P = .03), whereas post-MELD, race was no longer significantly associated with receipt of a liver transplant (47.5% vs 45.5%, respectively; OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.84-1.28; P = .75). Women were more likely than men to die or become too sick for liver transplantation post-MELD (23.7% vs 21.4%; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08-1.47; P = .003) vs pre-MELD (22.4% vs 21.9%; OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.91-1.26; P = .37). Similarly, women were less likely than men to receive a liver transplant within 3 years both pre-MELD (64.8% vs 67.6%; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92; P = .002) and post-MELD (39.9% vs 48.7%; OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62-0.79; P < .001).Following introduction of the MELD score to the liver transplantation allocation system, race was no longer associated with receipt of a liver transplant or death on the waiting list, but disparities based on sex remain.
Ex vivo–expanded DCs induce donor-specific central and peripheral tolerance and prolong the acceptance of donor skin grafts
Authors: Tomoyoshi Yamano, Sho Watanabe, Hiroyuki Hasegawa, Toshihiro Suzuki, Ryo Abe, Hideaki Tahara, Takeshi Nitta, Naozumi Ishimaru, Jonathan Sprent, Hidehiro Kishimoto
Journal: Blood (2011)
Uterus Presenting in an Inguinal Hernia of a Male Subject
Authors: K. K. Bhatnagar
Journal: BMJ (1962)

From the articles reviewed it is clear that vulval breasts are capable of behaving in the same way as normally situated breasts.They respond to hormonal influences at puberty, in the menstrual cycle, and during pregnancy and lactation ; a milky discharge was reported by Hartung (1872) and Bell (1926).Complications common to normal breasts may also be encountered, such as abscess (McGee, 1925-6) and milk-cyst forma- tion (Bergner, 1934).Neoplastic change, both benign and malignant, may supervene.Fibroadenoma has been described by Friedel (1932), Fisher (1947), and Siegler and Gordon (1951), and adenocarcinoma by Greene (1936) and Hendrix and Behrman (1956).While vulval breasts serve no useful function in man they are a potent source of disease.Therefore, when discovered they should be promptly removed.
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND PRISONS
Authors: James L. McCartney
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There are 251 federal and state prisons in the United States, as well as 3,096 city and county prisons and jails. All the former institutions have one or more medical officers, and these institutions admitted last year more than 120,000 prisoners. Prisoners in all cases were committed to serve over a year, so that it is evident that there is a definite health problem in our prisons. Of the 251 federal and state prisons there are at least 119 that have very inadequate medical service and show a gross neglect of the physical and mental care of their wards. These 119 institutions take care of about 30,000 individuals each year and turn them back into the population without consideration as to the individual's health. They pay no attention to the hazard to public health that these 30,000 individuals obviously create. Many of the other institutions are extremely
Nifedipine protects the heart from the acute deleterious effects of cocaine if administered before but not after cocaine.
Authors: S L Hale, K J Alker, S H Rezkalla, A C Eisenhauer, R A Kloner
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, could ameliorate the toxic effects of cocaine on the myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS In an initial protocol, anesthetized dogs were pretreated with nifedipine or saline and then administered cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.v. bolus). Coronary blood flow, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and the first derivation of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) were measured at baseline, 2 minutes, and 15 minutes after cocaine administration. Nifedipine pretreatment prevented the early cocaine-induced decrease in coronary blood flow and improved left ventricular dP/dt compared with untreated control animals. After cocaine, ejection fraction fell in the saline group to 37 +/- 3% but increased in the nifedipine group to 59 +/- 4% (p less than 0.05). In a second protocol, vehicle or intravenous nifedipine was administered after an infusion of cocaine (10 mg/kg). In contrast to pretreatment, there was no significant improvement in left ventricular function or coronary blood flow in nifedipine-treated versus control animals. Data from the study also suggested that cocaine acts directly on the myocardium. Within seconds of cocaine bolus administration, coronary blood flow in control animals increased to a peak level 59 +/- 14% higher than before cocaine and left ventricular dP/dt decreased by 23 +/- 5%, providing evidence that cocaine causes direct depression of myocardial function independent of a decrease in myocardial blood flow. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that nifedipine administered as a pretreatment protects against the depression of myocardial function and decrease in coronary blood flow caused by acute cocaine administration. However, when nifedipine is given after cocaine, no improvement is seen. Cocaine has a direct negative inotropic effect on the heart that is independent of a decrease in coronary blood flow.
Perivascular support of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Mirko Corselli, Chee Jia Chin, Chintan Parekh, Arineh Sahaghian, Wenyuan Wang, Shundi Ge, Denis Evseenko, Xiaoyan Wang, Elisa Montelatici, Lorenza Lazzari, Gay M. Crooks, Bruno Péault
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 222: Anticancer effects of Withaferin A on UP-LN1 carcinoma cells through the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and IFN-γ-mediated induction of metastatic cancer stem cells .
Authors: Chi-Tai Yeh, Alexander TH Wu, Hung-Chang Chen, Cheng-Keng Chuang, See-Tong Pang, Shuen-Kuei Liao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been defined as a subpopulation of cancer cells with the ability of self-renewal, giving rise to different progenies, and transition between epithelial and mesenchymal status in response to the tumor microenvironment. Due to the lack of an appropriate cell model, our understanding of CSC biology remains poor and the development of CSC antagonists is challenging. We herein used the UP-LN1 cell line as a CSC model which was derived from a gastrointestinal tumor-to-lymph node metastasis lesion. UP-LN1 cells constitute two major components, the floating (F) and adherent (A) cells. F cells were identified as the primary niche of CSCs, and could be serially subcultured while maintaining their stem-like properties including high self-renewal potential, formation of suspended grape-like aggregates and/or spheres, resistance to multiple drugs and NK/LAK effectors, as well as an increased CDY1 (a novel iPS probe) dye retention. Using this cell model, we demonstrated that Withaferin A (WA) dramatically reduced the proliferation of F cells and their ability to form aggregates in vitro. WA also dose-dependently reduced the side population cells. Mechanistically, WA treatment resulted in the down-regulation of two axes, CXCR4 and STAT3, both instrumental in the acquisition of metastatic ability and the development/maintenance of CSCs. We validated the in vitro results using non-invasive imaging technique in a xenograft mouse model. WA-treated animals demonstrated a marked decrease in tumor burden and metastasis, indicating that WA is potentially an effective agent for targeting CSCs. Citation Format: Chi-Tai Yeh, Alexander TH Wu, Hung-Chang Chen, Cheng-Keng Chuang, See-Tong Pang, Shuen-Kuei Liao. Anticancer effects of Withaferin A on UP-LN1 carcinoma cells through the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and IFN-γ-mediated induction of metastatic cancer stem cells . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 222. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-222
A genetic linkage map of the bovine genome
Authors: W. Barendse, S.M. Armitage, L.M. Kossarek, A. Shalom, B.W. Kirkpatrick, A.M. Ryan, D. Clayton, L. Li, H.L. Neibergs, N. Zhang, W.M. Grosse, J. Weiss, P. Creighton, F. McCarthy, M. Ron, A.J. Teale, R. Fries, R.A. McGraw, S.S. Moore, M. Georges, M. Soller, J.E. Womack, D.J.S. Hetzel
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Role of GM-CSF in the inflammatory cytokine network that regulates neutrophil influx into the colonic mucosa during<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection in mice
Authors: Andrew J McDermott, Charles R Frank, Nicole R Falkowski, Roderick A McDonald, Vincent B Young, Gary B Huffnagle
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Clostridium difficile infection in antibiotic-treated mice results in acute colitis characterized by severe intestinal histopathology, robust neutrophil influx, and increased expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines, including GM-CSF. We utilized a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against GM-CSF in a murine model to study the role of GM-CSF during acute C. difficile colitis. Cefoperazone-treated mice were challenged with C. difficile (strain 630) spores. Expression of GM-CSF was significantly increased in animals challenged with C. difficile. Treatment with an anti-GM-CSF mAb did not alter C. difficile colonization levels, weight loss, or expression of IL-22 and RegIIIγ. However, expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β, as well as iNOS, was significantly reduced following anti-GM-CSF treatment. Expression of the neutrophil chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2, but not the chemokines CCL2, CCL4, CXCL9, and CXCL10, was significantly reduced by anti-GM-CSF treatment. Consistent with a decrease in neutrophil-attractant chemokine expression, there were fewer neutrophils in histology sections and a reduction in the expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a tissue anti-protease that protects against damage by secreted neutrophil elastase. These data indicate that GM-CSF plays a role in the inflammatory signaling network that drives neutrophil recruitment in response to C. difficile infection but does not appear to play a role in clearance of the infection.
An explanation for the 'placebo' effect of bland ointment bases*
Authors: S. TREE, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Bland topical applications, containing no pharmacologically active ingredients, were found to have an antimitotic effect on the epidermis of the stripped dorsal skin of hairless mice. White soft paraffin, cetomacrogol cream A (B.P.), starch paste, and emulsifying ointment (B.P.) were applied for 24 h periods under occlusive dressing to the backs of mice. The antimitotic effect was present at the time of removal of the dressings and up to 72 h after removal. White soft paraffin had the maximal antimitotic activity and epidermis of mice treated with it showed only 23% of the number of mitoses of control animals having no such treatment. Emulsifying ointment had the least activity and in some circumstances actually seemed stimulatory to mitotic activity.
Use of 4% Chlorhexidine Detergent Solution (Hibiscrub) and Other Methods of Skin Disinfection
Authors: E. J. L. Lowbury, H. A. Lilly
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In a comparison of three antiseptic detergent preparations for hand washing, Hibiscrub, a 4% chlorhexidine detergent solution, caused a significantly greater estimated immediate reduction of skin flora (86·7% ± 3·0) than was obtained with Dermofax, a 0·75% chlorhexidine detergent solution (55·5% ± 5·1), or with Disadine scrub, a povidone iodine detergent preparation (68% ± 6·8). After six applications the mean estimated reductions of skin flora were 99·2% ± 0·2 for Hibiscrub, 97·7% ± 0·7 for povidone iodine, and 91·8% ± 1·6 for Dermofax. After a series of hand washings with Hibiscrub, as with a hexachlorophane detergent preparation, a further large reduction of skin flora, shown by bacterial counts of hand sampling, was obtained by a second phase of disinfection consisting of two minutes9 application on gauze swabs of 0·5% chlorhexidine digluconate in 70% ethanol; a further wash with Hibiscrub, in place of alcoholic chlorhexidine, for the second phase of disinfection caused an increase rather than a reduction in the yield of bacteria on skin sampling. Unlike this "two-phase" disinfection, the application for 30 minutes of compresses soaked in 10% aqueous povidone iodine or in 0·5% aqueous chlorhexidine digluconate did not cause a greater reduction in skin flora than that obtained by the conventional two minutes9 application on gauze of 0·5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol. Chlorocresol (0·3%) liquid soap (the base used for Ster-Zac liquid hexachlorophane soap) caused a mean reduction of skin flora when used for hand washing of 29% after one application and 72% after six applications spread over two days. This formulation, though less active and more variable as a detergent skin antiseptic than chlorhexidine, hexachlorophane, or povidone iodine detergent preparations, is an inexpensive disinfectant soap which could be useful in catering establishments. Alcoholic cetrimide applied as for disinfection of an operation site caused a reduction of skin flora greater than that shown by aqueous cetrimide but comparable to that shown by 70% ethyl alcohol in previous experiments.
Rare Cause of Recurrent Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding — Perforation of Aortal Aneurysma into the Esophagus
Authors: H. Huchzermeyer, S. August, H. Dalichau, E. Seifert
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

A case of an aortic aneurysma penetrating into the esophageal cavity causing an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and acute dysphagia is presented. Exact patient's history and the knowledge of the results of previous examinations is essential to prevent emergency endoscopy in such cases because of the danger of acute letal rupture, The most suitable diagnostic method is the transfemoral aortography. In our case emergency endoscopy was carried out, fortunately without complications, but the endoscopical findings were misinterpreted from the macroscopical aspect as a malignant tumour.
Top scientists criticise move to axe scientific adviser to European Commission
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Leading scientists are opposing a controversial call to scrap the top scientific advisory post of the European Commission, warning of an attempt to undermine its integrity.

Nine non-governmental organisations, including the environmental group Greenpeace, have protested over the role of the chief scientific adviser to the EC president, held by Anne Glover since 2012, saying that it was “fundamentally problematic, unaccountable, and intransparent.” But scientists, including the heads of the British Pharmacological Society, the European Academies’ science advisory council, and the campaigning group Sense About Science have defended Glover’s record and the “fundamental value” of the post itself in providing independent evidence to policy makers.

They said that she had given “rigorous and impartial” advice on subjects such as genetically modified crops and organisms with which the non-governmental organisations had disagreed.

Paul Nurse, president of the Royal Society, said the role was important. He said, “There will always be those who attack the messenger because they do not like the message. But when that message is backed up by the scientific evidence, politicians should …
Medicine at Plymouth Plantation
Authors: John J. Byrne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

RECONSTRUCTION of Plymouth Plantation will afford an exciting memorialization of an epochal experience. However, it should not stop with the mere material reconstruction of wood and mortar but should concern itself with a cultural reconstruction. What did the Pilgrims think? Why did they think as they did? It should concern itself with their customs, laws, religion, technology, science and medicine, which will be my concern in this paper. Its reconstruction is a most difficult task since the Pilgrims were too intent upon eking out their existence to spend much time letter writing or diary compiling. However, from Bradford's History of . . .
1079-88 Revascularization alone for functional mitral regurgitation: A propensity case-match analysis of the off pump coronary artery bypass approach
Authors: Paul C Saunders, Eugene A Grossi, Charles F Schwartz, Robert M Applebaum, Greg H Ribakove, Alfred T Culliford, Aubrey C Galloway, Stephen B Colvin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
How to deal with influenza: Worthwhile surveillance system is in action
Authors: Catherine Quigley, Will Sopwith, Matthew Ashton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars Vested interests doom puny healthcare interventionsEditor-Ogilvy et al's systematic review on promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars treats motoring as if it were a disease that can be cured, without examining the social forces that lead to car use. 1 The effects they find in their review are hardly surprising, given the social currents opposing them: car advertising, predict and provide road planning, the giant car "park," and other horrors of surburbia.Big business and big government alike have a vested interest in its continued growth.Those who have bought into this motor dependent lifestyle can be trusted to extend the infliction of motor tyranny on everyone else: motorists object to being taxed, although they are major polluters, or confined by speed limits, although they killed 3508 people in Britain last year.I try to undermine this metal carapaced horde.Any driver suffering from a condition in which lack of exercise is a factor: hypertension, obesity, stress, depression-much of the general practice caseload in fact-is told to sell their car and get a bike instead.I do have my successesfor example, a man in his 50s who came back to his follow up appointment, saying he wished he lived further from work so he had more time on his bike every day.But when I look at the vested interests lined up against me-not least George W Bush's latest oil grab-I wonder why I bother.Urban doctors who continue to drive are particularly depressing.Since when do you need a car to carry a briefcase?