tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-130 A Comparison Of The Nutrition Screening Tool And Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool On Referral Rates For Dietetic Assessments
Authors: K Gopalakrishnan, H Smith, R Hewett, A Poullis
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We aimed to compare the “Nutrition Screening Tool” (NST) and the “Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool” (MUST) on referral rates for dietetic assessments in in-patients in a Tertiary Neurology and Neurosurgery unit. Each tool generates a score above which dietetic assessment is recommended (a NST a score of 12 or more out of 22, a MUST score of 2 or more out of 5). The MUST score is considered the gold standard assessment method. The NST has been introduced in some centres with anecdotal reports of a reduction in referrals for dietetic assessment. <h3>Methods</h3> In-patients at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery were assessed for a one month period. The NST and MUST was completed on all available in-patients. A comparison of the number of referrals to dieticians was made using each assessment tool. <h3>Results</h3> 136 patients were screened. There were 77 women and 59 men. The age range was 18–89 years. The mean age was 52.4 years. For women the mean age was 49.7 years. For men the mean age was 56.0 years. There was a highly significant difference in the numbers referred to the dieticians. Using the NST scores, 3 out of 136 patients scored 12 or more (3 referrals (2%)). Using the MUST scores, 20 out of 136 patients scored 2 or more (20 referrals, (15%)) (P &lt; 0.0001). The NST identified that 12 patients scored 8 or more. 7 of these had a MUST score of 2 or more. This means 58% of patients who score 8 or more using the NST would have been referred using the MUST. The NST identified that 13 patients scored 7 or more. 8 of these had a MUST score of 2 or more. This means 62% of patients who score 7 or more using the NST would have been referred using the MUST. The NST identified that 14 patients scored 6 or more. 9 of these had a MUST score of 2 or more. This means 64% of patients who score 6 or more using the NST would have been referred using the MUST. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Using the NST results in a significantly lower number of referrals to dietitians compared to when nutritional assessment is made using the MUST score. This may be due to the NST score required for referral being too high. Therefore the NST needs to be revalidated using a lower referral score, possibly between 6 and 8. Further studies are required in order to ascertain the specific NST score appropriate for referral. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Rupture of an aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva into the superior vena cava.
Authors: G C Kaye, S J Edmonson, J L Caplin, D S Tunstall-Pedoe
Journal: Thorax (1984)

We present an unusual case in which rupture of a sinus of Valsalva during a septicaemic illness produced a fistula between the aorta and the superior vena cava. Case reportA 64 year old man (caucasian), previously in good health, presented in July 1982 with a 24 hour history of rigors, abdominal pain, and joint pains.On examination he was febrile (39.5°C), with a blood pressure of 140/60 mm Hg.A soft apical systolic murmur was noted.The haemoglobin concentration was 13-1 g/dl and the white cell count 8-9 x 109/1 (84% neutrophils).A midstream specimen of urine grew Escherichia coli, as did one of six blood culture bot- tles.A diagnosis of septicaemia secondary to a urinary tract infection was made.He was treated for 10 days with oral amoxycillin, 500 mg thrice daily, and made a rapid recovery.In August 1982 he had a recurrence of rigors.Again he was febrile (39 5°C) and bilateral pleural friction rubs were noted as well as a right pleural effusion.The haemoglobin
Hepatic Coma in Liver Failure and Gastro-intestinal Haemorrhage Treated with Neomycin
Authors: W. H. J. Summerskill
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The introduction of protein withdrawal, oral broad spectrum antibiotics, and enemata as a basis for treating hepatic impending coma and coma (Sherlock et al, 1954) has been supported by encouraging results in larger groups of patients (Sherlock et al., 1956 ; Summerskill et al., 1957a). However, the relative contribution of each measure to the therapeutic response is uncertain, and protein deprivation, which may have to be long continued, is particularly undesirable when liver disease is associated with undernutrition. No comparative studies are available to indicate the most effective anti biotic in hepatic coma, but the recent use of neomycin in three patients by Fisher and Faloon (1957) is important, as temporary clinical improvement was com patible with continued protein administration. Dawson et al. (1957) treated acute hepatic coma in 12 patients with neomycin, protein deprivation, and other measures. No conclusions were drawn in regard to its specific therapeutic action in either series, as coma was often due to multiple factors and additional methods of treat ment were employed simultaneously. In this paper the effect of neomycin is compared with that of other anti biotics under controlled conditions, and the degree to which protein withdrawal and other procedures may be modified as a result of neomycin therapy is also studied.
Methotrexate-loaded PLGA nanobubbles for ultrasound imaging and Synergistic Targeted therapy of residual tumor during HIFU ablation
Authors: Xuemei Zhang, Yuanyi Zheng, Zhigang Wang, Shuai Huang, Yu Chen, Wei Jiang, Hua Zhang, Mingxia Ding, Qingshu Li, Xiaoqiu Xiao, Xin Luo, Zhibiao Wang, Hongbo Qi
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
NHS cuts and PFI
Authors: M. Hellowell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Lansley suggests that the private finance initiative (PFI) is the main cause of financial problems among 22 NHS trusts, which are “on the brink of collapse.”1 The media have largely reflected the line that Lansley is faced with the task of cleaning up Labour’s “mess,” and that any hospital closures he sanctions can be blamed on them.

This account is misleading. The destabilising influence of PFI within the context of payment …
Abstract 3222: Structural evaluation of several antitumor Tencon variants
Authors: Rosa Cardoso, Shalom Goldberg, Jinquan Luo, Alexander Barnakov, Edward Swift, Steven Jacobs, Gary Gilliland
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tencons are engineered alternative scaffold proteins that combine the affinity and specificity of antibodies with the biophysical features of smaller molecules and hold high promise as biotherapeutic agents. We present the crystal structures and antigen binding data of several anti-Tumor Tencon variants. The structures of the variants show a switch of the FG loop conformation from α-helical at the tip to mostly β-strands. This conformational change prompts differential exposure of potential binding residues and a finger-like shape for the FG region that may facilitate its access to binding pockets on the target protein, thus likely accounting for the observed differences in KD. Citation Format: Rosa Cardoso, Shalom Goldberg, Jinquan Luo, Alexander Barnakov, Edward Swift, Steven Jacobs, Gary Gilliland. Structural evaluation of several antitumor Tencon variants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3222. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3222
Evaluation of Moxifloxacin 0.5% in Treatment of Nonperforated Bacterial Corneal Ulcers
Authors: Namrata Sharma, Manik Goel, Shubha Bansal, Prakashchand Agarwal, Jeewan S. Titiyal, Ashish D. Upadhyaya, Rasik B. Vajpayee
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
935-33 Angiographically Complex Lesions are Associated with Increased Levels of Thrombin Generation and Activity Following PTCA
Authors: Jonathan D. Marmur, Samin K. Sharma, Niki E. Kantrowitz, Vanita Gupta, Thomas Cocke, Srinivas Duvvuri, John A. Ambrose
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Dissociation of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, β-Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression, and Myosin Isoform Switch in Rats After Ascending Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Rudolf J. Wiesner, Heimo Ehmke, Jo¨rg Faulhaber, Radovan Zak, J. Caspar Ru¨egg
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Reexpression of the fetal beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC) gene was reported to be a marker for phenotypic reprogramming and cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Recent in vitro studies strongly suggested a role of angiotensin II for phenotypic reprogramming. In the present investigation, beta-MHC gene expression was studied in an experimental model of pressure-over-load hypertrophy that is not associated with a concurrent activation of the circulating renin-angiotensin system.Hypertrophy was induced in rats by ascending aortic banding (n = 40). After 7 days, myosin contained 31% (P < .05) of the beta-MHC isoform in banded but < 5% in sham-operated animals. However, no specific elevation of beta-MHC mRNA levels was found in banded animals. In contrast, hearts of rats with abdominal aortic banding displayed a marked increase in beta-MHC mRNA levels (3-fold to 5-fold, P < .05). Both the left ventricular weight and left ventricular peak systolic pressure were significantly elevated compared with sham-operated animals (abdominal aortic banding, +13% and 164 +/- 7 mm Hg; ascending aortic banding, +27% and 191 +/- 9 mm Hg). Plasma renin activity was elevated in rats with abdominal aortic banding (2.5-fold, P < .05) but not in rats with ascending aortic banding.The results of the present work do not support the concept that increased beta-MHC gene expression is a general "stable late marker" of myocardial hypertrophy in rats. Our results suggest that the stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system is crucial for the activation of the beta-MHC gene.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2–Dependent Phosphorylation of ATRIP Regulates the G2-M Checkpoint Response to DNA Damage
Authors: Jeremy S. Myers, Runxiang Zhao, Xin Xu, Amy-Joan L. Ham, David Cortez
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The ATR-ATRIP kinase complex regulates cellular responses to DNA damage and replication stress. Mass spectrometry was used to identify phosphorylation sites on ATR and ATRIP to understand how the kinase complex is regulated by post-translational modifications. Two novel phosphorylation sites on ATRIP were identified, S224 and S239. Phosphopeptide-specific antibodies to S224 indicate that it is phosphorylated in a cell cycle–dependent manner. S224 matches a consensus site for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) phosphorylation and is phosphorylated by CDK2-cyclin A in vitro. S224 phosphorylation in cells is sensitive to CDK2 inhibitors. Mutation of S224 to alanine causes a defect in the ATR-ATRIP–dependent maintenance of the G2-M checkpoint to ionizing and UV radiation. Thus, ATRIP is a CDK2 substrate, and CDK2-dependent phosphorylation of S224 regulates the ability of ATR-ATRIP to promote cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6685–90]
Murine models of Omenn syndrome
Authors: Serre-Yu Wong, David B. Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

In the 40 years since Harvard medical student Gilbert Omenn first described a rare, inherited disorder producing a paradoxical combination of immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation, the pathogenesis of Omenn syndrome (OS) has remained mysterious. In separate studies reported in this issue of the JCI, two mouse models bearing mutations in the V(D)J recombinase analogous to those causing human OS have been shown to recapitulate the disease and provide insight into the genesis of immunodeficiency combined with autoimmunity and atopy in OS and other disease settings (see the related articles beginning on pages 1260 and 1270).
Permeability of the small intestine after intra-arterial injection of histamine-type mediators and irradiation.
Authors: J G Kingham, C A Loehry
Journal: Gut (1976)

Permeability and selectivity of rabbit small intestine were estimated by a perfusion technique after intra-arterial injection of histamine-type mediators and intestinal irradiation. It was shown that the histamine-type mediators caused an increase in capillary permeability which produced an overall moderate increase in transmucosal permeability with a moderate loss of selectivity. Local intestinal irradiation caused a very marked increase in permeability and a profound loss of selectivity. It was felt that this was produced partly by an increase in capillary permeability but largely by damage to the epithelial basement membrane. It is concluded that the intestinal capillary endothelium is both rate-limiting and selective, though not to a major degree in either case. The epithelial basement membrane, however, appears to be both rate-limiting and markedly selective.
Agonist-stimulated cytoskeletal reorganization and signal transduction at focal adhesions in vascular smooth muscle cells require c-Src
Authors: Takafumi Ishida, Mari Ishida, James Suero, Masafumi Takahashi, Bradford C. Berk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Thrombin and angiotensin II (angII) have trophic properties as mediators of vascular remodeling. Focal adhesions and actin cytoskeleton are involved in cell growth, shape, and movement and may be important in vascular remodeling. To characterize mechanisms by which thrombin and angII modulate vessel structure, we studied the effects of these G protein–coupled receptor ligands on focal adhesions in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Both thrombin and angII stimulated bundling of actin filaments to form stress fibers, assembly of focal adhesions, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation at focal adhesions, such as p130Cas, paxillin, and tensin. To test whether c-Src plays a critical role in focal adhesion rearrangement, we analyzed cells with altered c-Src activity by retroviral transduction of wild-type (WT) and kinase-inactive (KI) c-Src into rat VSMCs, and by use of VSMCs from WT (src+/+) and Src-deficient (src–/–) mice. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas, paxillin, and tensin were markedly decreased in VSMCs expressing KI-Src and in src–/– VSMCs. Expression of KI-Src did not inhibit stress fiber formation by thrombin. Surprisingly, actin bundling was markedly decreased in VSMCs from src–/– mice both basally and after thrombin stimulation, compared with src+/+ mice. We also studied the effect of KI-Src and WT-Src on VSMC spreading. Expression of KI-Src reduced the rate of VSMC spreading on collagen, whereas WT-Src enhanced cell spreading. In conclusion, c-Src plays a critical role in agonist-stimulated cytoskeletal reorganization and signal transduction at focal adhesions in VSMCs. c-Src kinase activity is required for the cytoskeletal turnover that occurs in cell spreading, whereas c-Src appears to regulate actin bundling via a kinase-independent mechanism.
Preliminary evaluation of a single-day tubeless test of pancreatic function.
Authors: C J Mitchell, H P Field, F G Simpson, A Parkin, J Kelleher, M S Losowsky
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The test for pancreatic exocrine function using N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BTP test) does not require duodenal intubation, but misleadingly abnormal results often occur in patients with liver or bowel disease because the p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) released by chymotrypsin hydrolysis of the peptide either is not conjugated or is malabsorbed. This study evaluated a modified BTP test, using a tracer dose of 14C-PABA to eliminate misleading results, to assess exocrine function from a single six-hour collection of urine. The test clearly distinguished all patients with pancreatic steatorrhoea from normal subjects and identified patients with less severe pancreatitis as often as did the Lundh test. Furthermore, in patients with bowel or liver disease the misleadingly abnormal results of the unmodified BTP test were eliminated by the modified test in all but one case. These findings suggest that the modified BTP test provides a practical alternative to conventional tests of pancreatic function that entail duodenal intubation.
Preventing the spread of MRSA
Authors: Andreas Voss
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Common sense and observational studies are of benefit 

“ T he lack of evidence of an effect associated with specific measures should not be mistaken for evidence of lack of effect” is one of the conclusions that Cooper et al (p 533) come to after a systematic review of the literature about methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).1 The infection control community has long realised that in the age of evidence based medicine and randomised controlled trials some, if not most, guidelines are based on shaky grounds. Is a method developed primarily for drug research and licensing appropriate for evaluating infection control procedures? Randomised controlled trials are useful for investigating a limited number of variables and when randomisation can be accomplished. Infection control measures are habitually complicated and depend on multiple factors. Therefore I still have some faith in the …
Metalloproteases of human articular cartilage that digest cartilage proteoglycan at neutral and acid pH.
Authors: A I Sapolsky, H Keiser, D S Howell, J F Woessner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Extracts of human articular cartilage contain proteases capable of degrading the proteoglycan component of cartilage matrix at neutral and acid pH. These enzymes have been partially purified by ion exchange chromotography and characterized by disc electrophoresis, inhibition patterns, and action of proteoglycan. Three distinct metalloproteases are described. A neutral protease that digests proteoglycan subunit optimally at pH 7.25 has been purified up to 900-fold. It is strongly inhibited by o-phenanthroline, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and egg white, and to a lesser extent by D-penicillamine and EDTA. Inhibition by chelating agents is reversed by cobalt, zinc, and ferrous ions. Two acid metalloproteases, distinct from cathespins B1, D, and F, digest proteoglycan subunit at pH 4.5 and 5.5. Both are inhibited by o-phenanthroline and activity is restored by cobalt, zinc, or ferrous ions. With electron microscopy, it was found that cartilage slices were depleted of ruthenium red-staining matrix proteoglycan after incubation in vitro with a partially purified cartilage extract at neutral pH. Sedimentation, gel chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, and immuno-diffusion studies of digests of isolated proteoglycan fraction produced by the partially purified cartilage extract at neutral and acid pH confirmed that the cartilage enzymes act only on the protein component of proteoglycan subunit, producing fragments with 5 to 12 chondroitin sulfate chains. The link proteins were not digested.
Tc-99m DMSA Renal Scan in First-Time Versus Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection-Yield and Patterns of Abnormalities
Authors: ISSA LOUTFI, KHALDA AL-ZAABI, ABDELHAMID H. ELGAZZAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose To determine the yield and patterns of abnormalities noted by Tc-99m DMSA renal imaging in cases of first-time versus recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Materials and Methods We reviewed 101 Tc-99m DMSA studies performed for 52 first-time and 49 recurrent UTIs in 99 children during a period of 1 year. The average age of the patients was 4.4 years, and the female:male ratio was 7:1. Static images of the kidneys were acquired 2 hours after injection of Tc-99m DMSA in anterior, posterior, and right and left posterior oblique views. SPECT was performed in 9% of the cases. The studies were scored as normal or abnormal. Results The yield of abnormal scans in first-time UTIs was 22 (42%) and in recurrent UTI 27 (55%). Three categories of abnormalities were noted: 1) renal cortical defects (55% of the abnormal scans in first-time UTIs and 59% of the abnormal scans in recurrent UTIs;P= 0.40); 2) dilated pelvicalyceal system (27% of the abnormal studies in first-time UTIs and 63% of the abnormal studies in recurrent UTIs;P< 0.01); and 3) renal swelling showing disproportionate function with size (41% of the abnormal scans in first-time UTIs and 22% of the abnormal scans in recurrent UTIs;P= 0.21). Conclusions The high yield of renal abnormalities by Tc-99m DMSA scanning emphasizes the importance of testing all cases of UTI, including patients with a first-time infection. Documentation of the pattern of abnormalities may help in planning for subsequent management of UTIs in these patients.
Picric Acid as First Aid in Treatment of Burns.
Authors: F. E. Tulley
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Granite City, Ill., June 28, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The treatment of burns is as yet unsatisfactory, the death rate about the same and many remedies are lauded, but picric acid in solution has given me excellent results; therefore I wish to record several cases treated by this procedure. Shock and septicemia are the most dreaded results from the more severe cases, but all this can be eradicated by the persistent use of a weak solution of picric acid. During the past three years several cases have come under my care and all have been treated alike, much to my satisfaction. While I do not wish to be original in this sense I wish to recommend a good thing. T. B. K., chemist, age 23 years, in opening a can of gasoline the escaping gases exploded, burning him frightfully about the body, face and extremities. He was carried to a
Significance of new Q waves after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Correlation with changes in ventricular wall motion.
Authors: L Sternberg, J A Wisneski, D J Ullyot, E W Gertz
Journal: Circulation (1975)

From June 1969 to December 1974, 142 patients underwent aortocoronary bypass surgery at the Veterans Administration Hospital, San Francisco. Seventeen patients developed new Q waves; two of four deaths in the hospital occurred among these 17 patients. Preoperative and postoperative catheterization data were available for analysis in 12 of the 15 surviving patients. Longitudinal, transverse, and hemiaxial segmental analysis of preoperative and postoperative single plane, 30 degrees right anterior oblique left ventriculograms revealed deterioration in wall motion in all 12 patients. The deterioration corresponded to the area on the electrocardiogram where the new Q waves appeared. In ten of 12 patients, ejection fraction also deteriorated. Twenty-six of 29 grafts were patent. New Q waves after aortocoronary bypass surgery correlate well with the appearance of localized abnormalities in wall motion. We found no evidence that perioperative appearance of Q waves was not due to new perioperative myocardial infarction.