tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF IRIDO-DIALYSIS FROM CONTUSION. PARTIAL IRIDENKEISIS, WITH OR WITHOUT SUTURE.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: EUGENE SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Among the anomalies of ophthalmology is the condition known as irido-dialysis from contusion. Anomalous, because, while well known to all ophthalmologists, described in all ophthalmic works of importance, and its discomforts fully recognized, no treatment is advised or even suggested. That treatment is unimportant in the lesser egrees of the trouble, "goes without saying;" but in cases where the separation of the periphery of the iris is one-fourth of its circumference, and the accommodation normal, as occasionally happens, the dazzling and monocular diplopia is extremely annoying. This is particularly the case when the detachment is situated at the inner, the outer, or the lower periphery. The segment of iris torn from its peripheral attachment becomes paralyzed, and later on, atrophied. Many years ago Critchett gave us the operation of iridodesis, which Stellwag, Wecker and others have modified, and the operation which I have found so successful is a yet further
Algorithm for managing injury from smoke inhalation.
Authors: R. M. Langford, R. F. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1989)

BrMedJ 1989;299:902-5 Thermal injury accounts for 14 000 casualties a year in the United Kingdom. With improvements in managing cutaneous burns mortality has steadily reduced so that inhalational injury from smoke and hot, toxic gases is increasingly important in outcome.'1 When overlooked, smoke inhalation can lead to early or late deterioration in the patient's condition due to damage to the airways or lungs. In addition, poisoning may occur by inhalation of gases such as hydrogen cyanide or carbon monoxide. These problems were experienced in the fire at King's Cross in 1987, in which a fifth of the victims were found at postmortem examination to have high concentrations of carboxyhaemoglobin. Furthermore, despite controversy over the forensic method used there was evidence that cyanide poisoning may have had a contributory role in some of the deaths. In this unusual fire, however, the heat blast led rapidly to asphyxiation, thus reducing the duration of exposure to toxic inhalation. This disaster, supported by previous experience with inhalational burns in this unit, suggested the need for a protocol to guide clinicians in the early management of these patients. We have proposed an immediate care plan in the form of an algorithm. This aims to promote early recognition and treatment of the airway problems and the poisoning that result from
Tobacco and tuberculosis: could we improve tuberculosis outcomes by helping patients to stop smoking?
Authors: Jean-Pierre Zellweger, Adithya Cattamanchi, Giovanni Sotgiu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Tuberculosis disease continues to represent a global threat, with an estimated 9 000 000 incident cases and 1 500 000 deaths in 2013 attributable to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection [1]. Although important progress has been made in the control of the disease from a clinical ( i.e. improved clinical outcomes) and public health ( i.e. reduced M. tuberculosis transmission in high-, middle- and low-income countries) perspective, the epidemic continues to be fuelled by the persistence of long-lasting triggers. Strengthening smoking control measures may impact on our progress towards tuberculosis elimination <http://ow.ly/GmeGL>
Acute Renal Failure after Phenylbutazone
Authors: R. Bolton, H. Barrie
Journal: BMJ (1955)

been reports of cases recovering without specific chemo- therapy (Tesdal, 1934;Magarey et al., 1935), the availability of antibacterial drugs.has greatly altered the prognosis and improved the chance of cure.Nevertheless, Bact. coli meningitis remains a serious infection.
Effects of Obstruction to Respiration in Infants, with Particular Reference to Mattresses, Pillows, and their Coverings
Authors: J. L. Emery, J. A. Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A comparison was made of pillows of various designs and their effects on the flow of air through the respiratory tract of six children who had been found dead in their cots. The effects of alterations in posture and of soaking the pillow with milk were also studied.There was a wide variation in the obstruction to air flow in pillows of different design. A firm pillow which allows air and fluid to pass through it is best, and is probably superior to a mattress covered with a mackintosh and a sheet.External obstruction to respiration could be a contributory factor in some cases of cot death.
Detection of Recurrent Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma With PET-CT
Authors: Nikhil Bhagat, Lionel S. Zuckier, Meera Hameed, Charles Cathcart, Soly Baredes, Nasrin V. Ghesani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

We report the case of a 33-year-old man, diagnosed and treated with surgery and radiation therapy 12 years earlier for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left parotid gland, who presented with shooting pain in the left neck and a minimally enlarged palpable nodule near the angle of the jaw. Contrast CT was performed and no areas of enhancement were identified to suggest recurrent tumor. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT performed on the same day demonstrated abnormal FDG uptake, consistent with local tumor recurrence. Fine needle aspiration of the palpable nodule was performed and confirmed recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma. PET-CT appears to constitute a sensitive method of detecting tumor recurrence in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Breast Cancer, Poland's Syndrome, and Sentinel Lymph Node Involvement
Authors: Jon Uña, Victor Vega, Isabel Gutierrez, Joana Herrera, Maria Jesús Hernández-Briz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Poland's syndrome includes a wide range of abnormalities that affect the thorax and the upper extremities. We present a case of a woman of 39 years of age who attended our clinic because of a lump in the right breast. Our experience with the present case suggests that the sentinel lymph node biopsy is feasible in patients with Poland's syndrome and breast cancer.
Community-Oriented Primary Care
Authors: Richard A. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The current high-cost health care delivery system, which places greater emphasis on acute hospital care than on community-based primary and preventive care, is no longer viewed by policymakers, politicians, and the American public as the ideal model for organizing and providing health care services. Americans want change; however, politicians are responding with a barrage of disjointed finance and cost-containment proposals that fail to address the organization and provision of health care services. Nevertheless, to adequately address problems of cost, access, and quality, reform proposals will need to consider delivery models that create a balance between medical care and health care, between public health and personal health services, and between curative and preventive care. The community-oriented primary care model and the discipline of community and socially responsive medicine is a process for making a health care system more rational, accountable, appropriate, and socially relevant to the public. Consequently, this model, which is now at a pivotal point in its evolution, may serve as a paradigm for reforming the organization and provision of health care services in America.
The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study: Predictors of Human Serum Dioxin Concentrations in Midland and Saginaw, Michigan
Authors: David H. Garabrant, Alfred Franzblau, James Lepkowski, Brenda W. Gillespie, Peter Adriaens, Avery Demond, Elizabeth Hedgeman, Kristine Knutson, Lynn Zwica, Kristen Olson, Timothy Towey, Qixuan Chen, Biling Hong, Chiung-Wen Chang, Shih-Yuan Lee, Barbara Ward, Kathy LaDronka, William Luksemburg, Martha Maier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

We conducted a population-based human exposure study in response to concerns among the population of Midland and Saginaw counties, Michigan, that discharges by the Dow Chemical Company of dioxin-like compounds into the nearby river and air had led to an increase in residents' body burdens of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), here collectively referred to as "dioxins."
AIDS and Absolutism — The Demand for Perfection in Prevention
Authors: W Cates, A R Hinman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Nothing in medicine, or in life for that matter, always works. This seemingly incontrovertible statement often appears to be forgotten where preventive measures are concerned. Because of its paramount importance, the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has dramatized this situation. Recent exchanges about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the lay press and the scientific literature further fuel an issue that has long troubled us as preventionists — an apparent insistence that preventive techniques be perfectly effective. Several examples may be useful.The Use of CondomsA recent example of the all-or-none approach was an article in a national . . .
Discrepancies between data on various PHE websites
Authors: C. Lehman, D. Philips, S. Crowe, D. Lemon, S. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (2014)

O’Dowd reports on the atlas of care, the new Public Health England (PHE) Healthier Lives online tool.1 In using the tool we have encountered fundamental discrepancies between data on the various Public Health England websites, including Healthier Lives and GP Fingertips .

As an illustration, within our local clinical commissioning group (Dorset), the …
Thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes
Authors: A. J Krentz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Insulin resistance, or more appropriately the reduced action of insulin, is a prominent defect in type 2 diabetes.1 It is commonly present in people before diabetes has developed and has even been observed in euglycaemic relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.2 It has been proposed that the reduced action of insulin is fundamental to the cardiovascular risk factors that are part of the syndrome of insulin resistance.3 Avoidance of obesity and adequate levels of physical activity are non-pharmacological cornerstones of the fight against insulin resistance. Before the introduction of troglitazone in 1997 metformin was the only drug able to sensitise target tissues (skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver) to insulin. Troglitazone was the first of a new class of drugs with direct insulin sensitising actions—the thiazolidinediones (also known as glitazones).4 Troglitazone has now been superseded by more potent agents, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.

Thiazolidinediones activate nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), which is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue. 4 5 Insulin action is improved through the increased transcription of …
Loss of consciousness on turning the patient
Authors: G. I. van Boxel, A. J. Goodman, J. Green, R. M. Orme
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An 82 year old man underwent elective removal of a common bile duct stent by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). He had been fit and well before the procedure. His medical history was unremarkable apart from longstanding intermittent right upper quadrant pain. He took omeprazole tablets 20 mg once daily. The procedure was successful and lasted about 20 minutes, during which time he was given no intravenous fluid. At the end of the procedure he was turned from the prone to the supine position in the ERCP suite. At once his oxygen saturation, as measured by pulse oxymetry, dropped to 70% and he became profoundly hypotensive, with a pulse of 50 beats/min. He was unresponsive, with a Glasgow coma scale of 3/15.

Immediate resuscitation with oxygen and fluid restored his oxygen saturation and blood pressure, but he remained unresponsive. A 12 lead electrocardiogram showed massive anterior ST segment elevation with reciprocal changes. He was urgently moved to the cardiology catheterisation laboratory for primary percutaneous coronary intervention because myocardial infarction was suspected, but on arrival his electrocardiogram was normal. Generalised hypertonicity with brisk reflexes and upgoing planters were noted at this stage. Because he was haemodynamically stable, computed tomography of the head was performed without delay to rule out an acute intracranial bleed (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓).



Fig 1 Axial computed tomogram of the head





Fig 2 Sagittal computed tomogram of the head





### 1 What do the computed tomograms show?

#### Short answer

The computed tomograms of the head show large quantities of air in the cerebral vasculature.

#### Long answer

Figures 3⇓ and 4 ⇓ show axial …
4-Hydroxynonenal selectively up-regulates timp-1 gene expression inhuman hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Elena Zamara, Erica Novo, Gaia Robino, Alessandra Caligiuri, Stefania Pizzimenti, Stefano Laurora, Massimo Pinzani, Mario Umberto Dianzani, Maurizio Parola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Vaccine against cervical cancer virus passes phase 1 trials
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Women may soon be able to take a vaccine to protect themselves against cervical cancer, one of the most common malignancies to affect women.

Cervical cancer affects over 400 000 women a year worldwide and results in the death of 200 000 of them. It is caused by infections with oncogenic strains of the human papillomavirus.

Human papillomavirus is sexually transmitted, and infections are common in both developing and developed countries. Up to 25% of sexually active young women in Canada and the United States are infected with it ( Canadian Medical Association Journal 2000;163:503-8).

In non-industrialised countries, where cervical screening tests are rare, cervical cancer constitutes the most …
Hot-To-Cold Transition of Intrasplenic Lymphoma After Chemotherapy
Authors: JAMES D. SLAVIN, PAVANI R. PINGLE, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 52-year-old man with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (large-cell type) was treated with chemotherapy and his disease went into remission. When seen 6 years later because of abdominal discomfort, a chest radiograph revealed a left pleural effusion. CT scans showed mediastinal plus paratracheal adenopathy and an 8-cm splenic mass. A radiogallium study revealed that the splenic mass was Ga-67 avid. Chemotherapy was instituted. Eight weeks after the first study, repeated radiogallium imaging showed a cold defect in the area of the previous avid splenic uptake.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is primarily associated with HLA-DR8 but not DQ4 on the DR8-DQ4 haplotype
Authors: A Smerdel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is strongly associated with the DR8-DQ4 haplotype. The genes encoding DR8 and DQ4 are in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and occur together on the same HLA haplotype in almost all patients and controls. Because of the strong LD it is not clear whether DR8, DQ4, or both, are primarily associated with JIA. Objective: To unveil the primary association of JIA—that is, with DR8 or DQ4. Methods: DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 alleles of 585 Norwegian and 47 Polish unrelated patients with JIA (categorised as pauciarticular and rheumatoid factor negative polyarticular JIA), and of 3155 Norwegian and 158 Polish unrelated controls, were typed using a polymerase chain reaction or oligonucleotide hybridisation and sequence-specific primers method. Results: Several haplotypes which encoded DR8 (that is, carried DRB1*08) and which did not encode DQ4 (that is, did not carry DQA1*0401) were found. Such haplotypes were found in three Norwegian patients and two controls (p=0.029). In the Polish population such haplotypes were found among four patients with JIA and two controls (p=0.025). No haplotypes which carried DQA1*0401 and DQB1*0402 in the absence of DRB1*08 were found, either among patients with JIA (Polish and Norwegian) or among the controls (Polish). Conclusion: On the DR8-DQ4 haplotype the DRB1*08 allele is primarily associated with JIA.
The Pediatric Nurse-Practitioner Program-Reply
Authors: Henry K. Silver
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Evaluation of the pediatric nurse-practitioner program has been an important and on-going part of the project since its inception. The results to date have been presented in part and are being prepared for publication. The findings were not spelled out in our article (<b>204</b>:298, 1968) because they did not appear appropriate in a discussion which described the training, role development, and physician acceptance of the pediatric nurse-practitioners and summarized their functions, activities, and performance in a number of different settings. It has been found that association of a pediatric nurse-practitioner with a pediatrician in private practice provides the physician with at least one third more time than he formerly had for patient care, reading, attendance at meetings, and for other purposes and results in wiser use of nursing skills in patient care. One of us (L.R.D.), a pediatrician in private practice, has had a pediatric nurse-practitioner
Tc-99m Red Blood Cell Imaging of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome
Authors: KEIR HALES, LEONARD P. CONNOLLY, LAURA A. DRUBACH, JOHN B. MULLIKEN, STEVEN J. FISHMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare congenital disorder in which multifocal venous malformations affect predominantly the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Other soft tissues and sometimes bone can be involved. The diagnosis is usually indicated clinically by the presence of distinctive cutaneous, dome-shaped, purple-blue vascular malformations. Tc-99m red blood cell (RBC) imaging helps delineate the extent of involvement and enumerate visceral lesions. It may also be useful for screening other family members, because this may be an autosomal-dominant disorder.
Website of the week: Depressed children
Authors: C. McKenna
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Probably the last thing on your mind as a parent is that the rosy-cheeked cherub you have so carefully nurtured may actually have depression. It's not widely known but, as the editorial on p 229 of this week's BMJ explains, children do actually get depressive illnesses and they often go unnoticed and untreated.

Unsurprisingly, it seems that most websites relating to depression are US based. One of these, Wing of Madness, has excellent links to web pages, online articles, books, and mental health organisations dealing with childhood depression (www.wingofmadness.com/articles/children.htm). Just don't be put off by the site's fanciful name.

For parents worried about their children's mental health www.psycom.net/depression.central.children.html should be a one-stop shop. This site gives extremely comprehensive information on symptoms of children with depression, dysthmia, and bipolar disorder, and answers frequently asked questions. Parents can find information on how to prevent suicide in children and adolescents and also look up information on drugs such as isotretinoin (for severe acne), which has been linked to depression.

A phenomenon of the web is the emergence of chat rooms and discussion groups, where visitors can pick up an identity at the virtual door and enter a room where they can unburden themselves and get advice without fear of exposure. Such forums can be useful in tackling depression. www.geocities.com/HotSprings/Villa/S712/ is a site set up for and by young people who are depressed. Visitors can chat about and read the personal experiences of adolescents who have had depression as well as the experiences of friends and family members of people with mood disorders. The aim of the site is to show young people that they are not alone.

http://communitynetdoktor.com/ccs/uk/depression/facts/index.jsp is a good general UK site on depression, with chat rooms, anecdotes, and excellent information on treatment options.
Treatment of severe proliferative lupus nephritis: the current state
Authors: C C Mok
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Despite the development of new modalities, cyclophosphamide (CYC) remains the preferred initial treatment for severe proliferative lupus nephritis. Controversies continue about the best route, dosage, and duration of CYC treatment. For recalcitrant disease, new immunosuppressive and immunomodulating agents, immunoablative high dose CYC, nucleoside analogues, apheresis, and the biological response modifiers can be considered.
THE MILK-CONTROL IN THE KAISER UND KAISERIN FRIEDRICH HOSPITAL IN BERLIN.
Authors: None SOMMERFELD
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In this report I shall deal with the determination of temperature, the specific weight, the chemical analysis of foreign matter and the bacteriologic examination. When the milk is brought into the hospital, the dairymaid takes the temperature of the milk, and makes a record of it, which is filed in the journal of the laboratory at the end of each month. The temperature shows whether the milk has been properly cooled. It should not have a higher temperature than 10 C. If it should be higher the sender is notified, who must remedy this, and if it occurs again he is subjected to a fine. The specific weight is obtained by means of an exact areometer. If there is any doubt we first take the specific gravity of full milk, allow the cream to rise in a cylinder, remove the skimmed milk by means of a faucet near the bottom
195 Human nasal metachromatic cell (NMC) heterogeneity: Relation to clinical status and response to beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP)
Authors: H OTSUKA, J DENBURG, J DOLOVICH, D HITCH, P LAPP, R RAJAN, J BIENENSTOCK, D BEFUS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1985)
Asbestos and silica-induced changes in human alveolar macrophage phenotype.
Authors: A Holian, M O Uthman, T Goltsova, S D Brown, R F Hamilton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The mechanism by which fibrogenic particulates induce inflammation that can progress to lung fibrosis is uncertain. The alveolar macrophage (AM) has been implicated in the inflammatory process because of its function and reported release of inflammatory mediators when isolated from fibrotic patients. It has been recently shown that fibrogenic, but not nonfibrogenic, particulates are highly potent in inducing apoptosis of human AM. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that fibrogenic particulates could shift the phenotypic ratio of human AM to a more inflammatory condition. The macrophage phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry targeting the RFD1 and RFD7 epitopes. Results demonstrated that chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos, as well as crystalline silica, but not titanium dioxide or wollastonite, increased the RFD1+ phenotype (inducer or immune activator macrophages) and decreased the RFD1+ RFD7+ phenotype (suppressor macrophages). These results provide a mechanistic explanation that may link apoptosis (namely, suppressor macrophages) to a shift in the ratio of macrophage phenotypes that could initiate lung inflammation.