tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Uterine Perforation During Curettage Abortion
Authors: David A. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Although uterine perforation is a potentially life-threatening complication of curettage abortion, little is known about the risk factors associated with uterine perforation or how to prevent it. Using linear logistic regression, we analyzed 67,175 curettage abortions performed at 13 institutions in the United States from 1975 through 1978. The overall incidence of confirmed perforation was 0.9 per 1,000 abortions. Performance of the abortion by a resident rather than by an attending physician was a powerful risk factor for perforation (relative risk, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.3 to 9.2). Use of<i>Laminaria</i>for dilation had a protective effect, although this effect was not statistically significant (relative risk, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 1.2). Among factors beyond the control of the physician, advancement of gestational age and previous delivery were significant risk factors. Use of<i>Laminaria</i>and performance of the abortion by an attending physician considerably lowered the risk of uterine perforation. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:2108-2111)
Tachycardia-Induced Change of Atrial Refractory Period in Humans
Authors: Wen-Chung Yu, Shih-Ann Chen, Shih-Huang Lee, Ching-Tai Tai, An-Ning Feng, Benjamin Ing-Tiau Kuo, Yu-An Ding, Mau-Song Chang
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been shown to shorten the atrial effective refractory period (ERP) and make the atrium more vulnerable to AF. This study investigated the effect of atrial rate and antiarrhythmic drugs on ERP shortening induced by tachycardia. Methods and Results —Seventy adult patients without structural heart disease were included. For the first part of the study, right atrial ERP was measured with a drive cycle length of 500 ms before and after 10 minutes of rapid atrial pacing using five pacing cycle lengths (450, 400, 350, 300, and 250 ms) in 10 patients. For the second part of the study, the remaining 60 patients were included to study the effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on changes in atrial ERP induced by AF. Atrial ERP was measured with a drive cycle of 500 ms before and after an episode of pacing-induced AF. After the patients were randomized to receive one of six antiarrhythmic drugs (procainamide, propafenone, propranolol, dl -sotalol, amiodarone, and verapamil), atrial ERP was measured before and after another episode of pacing-induced AF. In the first part of the study, atrial ERP shortened significantly after 10 minutes of rapid atrial pacing, and the degree of shortening was correlated with pacing cycle length. The second part of the study showed that atrial ERP shortened after conversion of AF (172±15 versus 202±14 ms, P &lt;0.0001) and that ERP shortening was attenuated after verapamil infusion (−4.6±1.2% versus −15.1±3.4%, P &lt;0.001) but was unchanged after infusion of the other antiarrhythmic drugs. Furthermore, all of these antiarrhythmic drugs could decrease the incidence and duration of secondary AF. Conclusions —The atrial ERP shortening induced by tachycardia was a rate-dependent response. Verapamil, but not other antiarrhythmic drugs, could markedly attenuate this effect. However, verapamil and the other drugs could decrease the incidence and duration of secondary AF.
Tazanolast Inhibits Ozone-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Guinea Pigs
Authors: ATSUSHI IGARASHI, HIDEYA IIJIMA, GEN TAMURA, KUNIO SHIRATO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We studied the inhibitory effect of tazanolast, a selective mast-cell-stabilizing drug, on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. Airway responsiveness to methacholine peaked at 2 h after ozone exposure (2.0 ppm for 2 h) and the number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid continued to increase until 6 h. Tazanolast administered before ozone exposure at doses of 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg inhibited ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in a dose-dependent manner. However, tazanolast administered after ozone exposure did not inhibit the airway hyperresponsiveness. Tazanolast did not significantly change the cell distribution of BAL cells at 2 h after the exposure. We conclude that tazanolast significantly inhibits ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. This result suggests that mast cells may play an important role in its development.
Impaired Functional Connectivity Within and Between Frontostriatal Circuits and Its Association With Compulsive Drug Use and Trait Impulsivity in Cocaine Addiction
Authors: Yuzheng Hu, Betty Jo Salmeron, Hong Gu, Elliot A. Stein, Yihong Yang
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Converging evidence has long identified both impulsivity and compulsivity as key psychological constructs in drug addiction. Although dysregulated striatal-cortical network interactions have been identified in cocaine addiction, the association between these brain networks and addiction is poorly understood.To test the hypothesis that cocaine addiction is associated with disturbances in striatal-cortical communication as captured by resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), measured from coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal, and to explore the relationships between striatal rsFC, trait impulsivity, and uncontrolled drug use in cocaine addiction.A case-control, cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program outpatient magnetic resonance imaging facility. Data used in the present study were collected between December 8, 2005, and September 30, 2011. Participants included 56 non-treatment-seeking cocaine users (CUs) (52 with cocaine dependence and 3 with cocaine abuse) and 56 healthy individuals serving as controls (HCs) matched on age, sex, years of education, race, estimated intelligence, and smoking status.Voxelwise statistical parametric analysis testing the rsFC strength differences between CUs and HCs in brain regions functionally connected to 6 striatal subregions defined a priori.Increased rsFC strength was observed predominantly in striatal-frontal circuits; decreased rsFC was found between the striatum and cingulate, striatal, temporal, hippocampal/amygdalar, and insular regions in the CU group compared with the HCs. Increased striatal-dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex connectivity strength was positively correlated with the amount of recent cocaine use (uncorrected P < .046) and elevated trait impulsivity in the CUs (uncorrected P < .012), and an index reflecting the balance between striatal-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and striatal-anterior prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex circuits was significantly associated with loss of control over cocaine use (corrected P < .012).Cocaine addiction is associated with disturbed rsFC in several specific striatal-cortical circuits. Specifically, compulsive cocaine use, a defining characteristic of dependence, was associated with a balance of increased striatal-anterior prefrontal/orbitofrontal and decreased striatal-dorsal anterior cingulate connectivity; trait impulsivity, both a risk factor for and a consequence of cocaine use, was associated with increased dorsal striatal-dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex connectivity uniquely in CUs. These findings provide new insights toward the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction and suggest potential novel therapeutic targets for treatment.
Abstract 1652: Targetome profiling and genetic association analyses implicate miR-202 in follicular lymphomagenesis
Authors: Aaron E. Hoffman, Ran Liu, Tongzhang Zheng, Alan Fu, Frank Slack, Yong Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Complex etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) subtypes has made it difficult to identify risk factors for this disease. However, recent genetic association analyses, including two genome-wide association studies, suggest that genetic susceptibility to NHL may be strongest for the follicular lymphoma subtype. As recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) may be important in the etiology of many cancer types, including NHL, we performed a population-based genetic association study which identified a polymorphism in the precursor of miR-202 that is strongly associated with follicular lymphoma risk (rs12355840 in miR-202: PTREND = 0.006). An in vitro functional genetics assay demonstrated that the polymorphism is biologically active, and operates by altering the processing efficiency of the miR-202 precursor to the mature effector miRNA species. A ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation-microarray (RIP-Chip) assay, performed with an anti-AGO2 antibody followed by a whole-genome array, was used to characterize the miR-202 targetome, and selected targets were confirmed using a 3′UTR luciferase assay. Among the identified targets were several transcripts with relevance for tumorigenesis, including the miRNA biogenesis gene DICER1 and the lymphoma-associated cell cycle regulator and proto-oncogene SKP2. Both of these genes have been shown to be upregulated in lymphomas, which is consistent with our data, which show that the miR-202 risk allele is associated with diminished mature miR-202 levels in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggest that rs12355840 may represent a novel risk biomarker for follicular lymphoma, and implicate miR-202 in follicular lymphomagenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1652. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1652
Dorsal Onlay Graft Urethroplasty Using Penile Skin or Buccal Mucosa for Repair of Bulbar Urethral Stricture: Results of a Prospective Single Center Study
Authors: Marco Raber, Richard Naspro, Emanuele Scapaticci, Andrea Salonia, Vincenzo Scattoni, Bruno Mazzoccoli, Giorgio Guazzoni, Patrizio Rigatti, Francesco Montorsi
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Sickle-cell Anaemia Complicated by Megaloblastic Anaemia of Infancy
Authors: J. E. MacIver, L. N. Went
Journal: BMJ (1960)

The association between megaloblastic anaemia and various haemolytic anaemias is well documented.The most recent publications on the subject are by Chanarin et al. (1959) and Jonsson et al. (1959).The latter authors review 13 cases from the literature, and add three cases of their own.Two of these had sickle- cell anaemia, and the third sickle-cell/haemoglobin-C disease.These three cases are the first examples of such a combination in adults we could find in the literature.The purpose of this communication is to report five cases of megaloblastic anaemia associated with sickle- cell anaemia.These five cases were found in a series of 50 cases of megaloblastic anaemia of infancy attributable to folic-acid deficiency (MacIver and Back, 1960).We have been able to find only one other report in the literature of this association in infancy (Zuelzer and Rutzky, 1953).Methods Standard haematological methods were used (Whitby and Britton, 1957).In vitro sickling tests were carried out, using 2% sodium metabisulphite (Daland and Castle, 1948).Filter-paper electrophoresis of haemo- globin was performed in a horizontal tank using barbitone buffer of pH 8.6 and ionic strength about 0.02 (Went and Maclver, 1956).Foetal haemoglobin was determined by the alkali denaturation technique described by Singer et al. (1951).Bone-marrow aspiration was carried out using an Osgood (16 gauge) needle under local anaesthesia.The site of puncture selected was the upper end of the tibia about 2 in.(5 cm.) below the tibial tuberosity.The marrow films were stained by both Leishman's method and the May-Grtinwald-Giemsa technique.A portion of the aspirated material was allowed to clot in the syringe, and the specimen so obtained was fixed and sectioned histologically as described by Mertens (1945).The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and for iron by the Prussian-blue technique of Perls.
ON THE ABSENCE OF COW'S MILK FROM JAPAN: ITS BENEFICIAL CONSEQUENCES.Read in the Section of Diseases of Children, at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: ALBERT S. ASHMEAD
Journal: JAMA (1893)

One of the most striking features of that most curious of countries, Japan, is the singular scarcity of domestic animals. There you will never find the fields dotted with oxen or horses drawing the plough, for the Japanese are hardly acquainted with that time-honored tool and symbol of agriculture. Even to serve under the saddle does not come natural somehow to the Japanese horse—"a grudging, ungenerous animal, trying to human patience, with three movements (not by any means to be confounded with paces), a drag, a roll and a scramble." Horses and cows are only seen in cities and on the roads, as pack animals; there are no pastures sweet. Silence is here really a striking, magnificent feature of the<i>rus beatum</i>. The cone-shaped Mystic Fusiyama rises, dimly seen, in the midst of an awful quietness. No lowing herds wind o'er the lea; the barnyard fowl's is almost a voice
Liability: The Legal Revolution and Its Consequences
Authors: Cyril H. Wecht
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The author wastes no time in identifying the villain and hero of his book, nor does he make much effort either to soften his harsh, multifaceted criticism of the former or to qualify his effusive, allencompassing praise of the latter. Tort law, the law of accidents and personal injury, "directly costs American individuals, businesses, municipalities, and other government bodies at least $80 billion a year," claims Huber. This "tort tax is a recent invention," "a peculiarly American institution." In contrast, in the good old days, "most accidents were handled under the broad heading of contract—the realm of human cooperation." The author unabashedly states, "Freedom of choice, private or public, exercised under an umbrella of direct insurance, is the only certain path to a safer and healthier world, with more financial security for all." Huber believes that almost all of the economic problems attributable to physical and psychological human injuries, which
Intrahepatic upregulation of RhoA and Rho-kinase signalling contributes to increased hepatic vascular resistance in rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Q Zhou
Journal: Gut (2006)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Portal hypertension in cirrhosis is mediated in part by increased intrahepatic resistance, reflecting an increased sensitivity of the hepatic microvasculature to vasoconstrictors. Activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway is essential for contraction of vascular smooth muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate RhoA/Rho-kinase mediated regulation of the intrahepatic vascular tone in cirrhotic rats. <b>Methods:</b> Cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Hepatic RhoA and Rho-kinase expressions were studied by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Hepatic Rho-kinase activity in rat and human livers was assessed as phosphorylation of the Rho-kinase substrate moesin. The effect of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on hepatic perfusion pressure was measured in livers perfused at constant flow. The in vivo effect of intravenous application of Y-27632 was studied by haemodynamic measurements. <b>Results:</b> Hepatic expressions of RhoA and Rho-kinase were increased at mRNA and protein level in BDL rats. Intrahepatic moesin phosphorylation was increased in livers from cirrhotic rats and patients with alcohol induced cirrhosis. Y-27632 reduced the basal perfusion pressure of in situ perfused livers in BDL rats but not in sham operated rats. Y-27632 reduced the sensitivity to methoxamine in isolated perfused livers in sham operated rats more than in BDL rats. In vivo, Y-27632 reduced portal pressure to a greater extent in BDL rats than in sham operated rats. Intrahepatic vascular resistance was decreased in response to bolus injection of Y-27632 in BDL rats but not in sham operated rats. <b>Conclusions:</b> Upregulation of RhoA and Rho-kinase contributes to increased intrahepatic resistance in cirrhotic rats and to an increased sensitivity of cirrhotic livers to vasoconstrictors.
Genomic imprinting and disorders of the social brain; shades of grey rather than black and white
Authors: William Davies, Anthony R. Isles
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Crespi &amp; Badcock (C&amp;B) provide a novel hypothesis outlining a role for imprinted genes in mediating brain functions underlying social behaviours. The basic premise is that maternally expressed genes are predicted to promote hyper mentalistic behaviours, and paternally expressed genes hypo mentalistic behaviours. The authors provide a detailed overview of data supporting their ideas, but as we discuss, caution should be applied in interpreting these data.
Long-duration intracavitary infusion of methotrexate with systemic leucovorin protection in patients with malignant effusions.
Authors: S B Howell, B B Chu, W E Wung, B M Metha, J Mendelsohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

18 patients with malignant effusions were treated with continuous intraperitoneal, intrapleural, or intrapericardial infusion of methotrexate (MTX) 30 mg/m2 per d combined with simultaneous intravenous administration of leucovorin at a dose rate calculated to yield an equimolar concentration in the serum. In the serum the geometric mean steady-state MTX concentration was 0.95 microM, whereas it was 24 microM in the peritoneal, 213 microM in the pleural, and 434 microM in the pericardial cavities. Mean clearance was 6.6 ml/min from the peritoneal cavity, 2.6 ml/min from the pleural cavity, and 0.14 ml/min from the pericardial cavity. Leucovorin provided sufficient protection to allow the duration of infusion to be escalated from 24 to 120 h before myelosuppression was encountered. Marrow thymidylate synthetase activity was inhibited by an average of 46% compared to 86% inhibition in malignant cells in the effusions. Flow cytometric analysis showed no perturbation of the cell cycle phase distribution of marrow cells. All eight of the evaluable patients have responded: three received no other form of therapy, five also received systemic hormonal or chemotherapy. This study demonstrated that tumors confined to third space body fluids can be given very high concentration x time exposures to MTX with minimal systemic toxicity.
Immunogold staining in bone marrow aspirate for the study of surface markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lila Penchansky, Sandra S. Kaplan, John R. Krause
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract The diagnostic value of phenotyping acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of childhood using the immunogold staining method (IGS) was assessed in 34 consecutive new ALL patients seen at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh during a 14‐month period. IGS proved to have considerable value in the diagnosis and classification of ALL. It allowed a sharp and clear identification of surface antigens, documented surface antigen heterogeneity in normal and abnormal cells, and provided a permanent record. The combination with cytochemistries allowed further cytoplasmic identification and correlation. This method does not require sophisticated equipment and can be performed in any laboratory, thus enabling results from different institutions to be more readily compared.
The use of the fusion protein RGD-HSA-TIMP2 as a tumor targeting imaging probe for SPECT and PET
Authors: Naeun Choi, Sung-Min Kim, Kwan Soo Hong, Gyunggoo Cho, Jee-Hyun Cho, Chulhyun Lee, Eun Kyoung Ryu
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Complex mixtures and indoor air pollution: overview of epidemiologic methods.
Authors: N S Weiss
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The likelihood of an epidemiologic study correctly identifying an adverse health outcome associated with exposure to indoor air pollutants is increased if a) substantial variation exists in the frequency or level of exposure among study subjects otherwise at similar risk of the health outcome; b) the number of study subjects or study communities is large; c) the health outcome can be assessed with accuracy; d) relevant exposure levels can be measured with accuracy; e) an unbiased sample of exposed and nonexposed subjects is selected for study; and f) other determinants of the adverse health outcome can be measured. Nonetheless, given a strong enough impact of exposure to one pollutant or a mixture of pollutants on the risk of illness, it is possible for epidemiologic studies to discern a relation even if only some of the above circumstances are present.
Early Respiratory Abnormalities From Smoke Inhalation
Authors: Michael Cahalane
Journal: JAMA (1984)

PULMONARY insufficiency as a result of the inhalation of hot air and smoke is the major cause of death among fire victims, accounting for more than 50% of fire-related deaths. This amounts to approximately 7,000 deaths each year in the United States. Although many die at the scene, a substantial number of these patients with inhalation injuries arrive at a medical facility alive. A number of burn centers located in densely populated urban areas have reported that 20% to 35% of patients admitted have major smoke-related pulmonary injuries.<sup>1-4</sup>In centers such as ours where there is an urban-rural population referral base, 10% to 15% of the patients suffer from inhalation injuries.<sup>5</sup> An early diagnosis with initiation of appropriate therapy may well result in a substantial increase in survival.<sup>5,6</sup>Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of the smoke-inhalation lung injury has made it possible to make the diagnosis and
β <sub>3</sub> -Integrin–Deficient Mice but Not P-Selectin–Deficient Mice Develop Intimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury
Authors: Susan S. Smyth, Ernane D. Reis, Wen Zhang, John T. Fallon, Ronald E. Gordon, Barry S. Coller
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Intimal hyperplasia contributes to restenosis after percutaneous vascular interventions. Both β 3 -integrins, α V β 3 and α IIb β 3 (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa), and leukocytes have been implicated in neointimal formation, based in part on the results obtained using antagonists to 1 or both receptors in animal models. Methods and Results —The responses in wild-type mice, β 3 -integrin–deficient mice, and P-selectin–deficient mice were studied in a model of transluminal endothelial injury of the femoral artery. At 4 weeks, β 3 -integrin–deficient mice were not protected from developing intimal hyperplasia, whereas P-selectin–deficient mice were protected. Within 1 hour of injury, several layers of platelets deposited on the arteries of wild-type mice and a single layer of platelets deposited on the vessels of β 3 -integrin–deficient mice; in both cases, leukocytes were recruited to the platelet layer. In P-selectin–deficient mice, the platelet layer was less compact and extended further into the lumen but did not recruit leukocytes. Conclusions —In a model of transluminal arterial injury, absence of early leukocyte recruitment and not deficiency of β 3 -integrins correlated with a reduction in neointimal formation. Blockade of P-selectins may be an effective therapeutic strategy to decrease restenosis after percutaneous vascular interventions.