tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Fixation of Radioactive Digitoxin by Isolated Hearts
Authors: A. SJOERDSMA, C. S. FISCHER
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The nature of digitoxin fixation in isolated hearts was studied with C 14 labelled digitoxin. Fixation was greatest in the early stages of perfusion. The amount of drug fixed was measured directly. A considerable percentage of the digitoxin in cardiac muscle was changed to other substances. These substances are more firmly bound to the heart than digitoxin.
Prognosis for teenagers and young people with cancer fails to improve
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

More teenagers and young people are getting cancer than ever before, said specialists and campaigners this week. But they are no more likely to survive their illness than they were 25 years ago because teenage cancer has been largely ignored by researchers, health service planners, and the government.

New data show that, although cancer among 13 to 24 year olds is still rare, it has been increasing by an average of 1.2% every year since 1979 and now exceeds the cancer rate in younger children.

An estimated 2000 people in this age group develop cancer every year, although the exact incidence and prevalence is difficult to pin down because of the way official statistics are collected.

Myrna Whiteson, chairwoman of the Teenage Cancer Trust, said at the trust's third international conference on cancer and the adolescent, that teenagers and young adults had been “defined out …
Psychiatric Emergencies in an Urban Borough
Authors: G. H. Mountney, T. Fryers, H. L. Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1969)

An analysis is presented of all emergency calls made in one year, "out of hours," to local authority mental health social workers as part of a comprehensive psychiatric service in an urban community. Of 212 calls received, more related to men than women, and in both sexes the peak age group was 40 to 49 years; 72% of referrals were in the psychosis or personality disorder diagnostic groups. A minority of cases referred had symptoms of only recent onset, and 70% of all calls related to patients previously known to the local services.
Man wins battle to keep receiving life support: Doctors must always give patients best possible care
Authors: Rosemarie Anthony-Pillai
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Some will be appalled at the recent ruling in the case of Leslie Burke against the General Medical Council1 and see it as opening the floodgates to patients demanding all sorts of treatments that theoretically prolong life but are expensive and possibly dangerous, as well as undermining the specialist role of medical professionals in making expert decisions.

The emotive nature of feeding and …
OUTCOMES OF EARLY MITRAL VALVE REPAIR FOR SEVERE DEGENERATIVE MITRAL REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS WITH NO OR MILD SYMPTOMS: IMPACT OF COMORBID CONDITIONS
Authors: Takeshi Kitai, Tomoko Tani, Shunsuke Funakoshi, Yoshimori An, Kitae Kim, Shuichiro Kaji, Natsuhiko Ehara, Atsushi Yamamuro, Yukikatsu Okada, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The epidemiology of sports head injuries in a rural population
Authors: A J Beck, J Kerr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

There have been very few studies looking into the epidemiology of sports injuries, and in particular sports head injuries (SHI) within a rural location. Head injury is a significant cause of resultant disability in young people, and is the major cause of death in those under 45 years who suffer an injury of any kind. In view of this we aimed to investigate the epidemiology of SHI in the rural Scottish Borders and the demands placed upon the department as a result. This was a retrospective study looking at all patients attending the Emergency Department (ED) of the Borders General Hospital (BGH) over a 4-month period with a head injury sustained during a sporting event. Over this period, 51 individuals presented to the BGH ED with a SHI. SHI accounted for 15% of all head injury presentations during this period and occurred most frequently in those aged 10–15 years participating in rugby, horse riding or mountain biking. The incidence of injury was higher for males with a male:female ratio of 3.3:1. Significant demands placed upon the ED included imaging of 45% of these patients and admission of 31% of patients attending with a SHI. Sports are a frequent cause of head injury in this rural population and contribute significantly to the workload of the ED. This is an important health matter as they are one of the leading causes of disability within young people. Three specific sports contributed to the majority of the injuries. This may be due to specific mountain bike centres such as Glentress and Innerleithen as well as the popularity of rugby and horse riding within the borders area.
US court will hear religious challenge to health law's contraceptive mandate
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The US Supreme Court will hear oral arguments on Tuesday 25 March over whether secular, for-profit corporations can refuse on religious grounds to provide coverage for contraceptives to employees.

The case before the court consolidates two lawsuits from corporations owned by devoutly religious families who oppose the use of intrauterine devices and emergency contraceptives, which they consider to be abortifacients.

One lawsuit was brought by Hobby Lobby, an Oklahoma City company owned by five family members. The company runs more than 500 art and craft stores across the United States, employing about 13 000 full time employees, and an affiliated company runs a chain of 35 stores that specialize in Christian books and educational materials, which employs about 370 staff. …
Clinical Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Workers at a Microwave-Popcorn Plant
Authors: Kathleen Kreiss, Ahmed Gomaa, Greg Kullman, Kathleen Fedan, Eduardo J. Simoes, Paul L. Enright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In May 2000, eight persons who had formerly worked at a microwave-popcorn production plant were reported to have severe bronchiolitis obliterans. No recognized cause was identified in the plant. Therefore, we medically evaluated current employees and assessed their occupational exposures.Questionnaire responses and spirometric findings in participating workers were compared with data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, after adjustment for age and smoking status. We evaluated the relation between exposures and health-related outcomes by analyzing the rates of symptoms and abnormalities according to current and cumulative exposure to diacetyl, the predominant ketone in artificial butter flavoring and in the air at the plant.Of the 135 current workers at the plant, 117 (87 percent) completed the questionnaire. These 117 workers had 2.6 times the expected rates of chronic cough and shortness of breath, according to comparisons with the national data, and twice the expected rates of physician-diagnosed asthma and chronic bronchitis. Overall, the workers had 3.3 times the expected rate of airway obstruction; those who had never smoked had 10.8 times the expected rate. Workers directly involved in the production of microwave popcorn had higher rates of shortness of breath on exertion and skin problems that had developed since they started work than workers in other parts of the plant. There was a strong relation between the quartile of estimated cumulative exposure to diacetyl and the frequency and extent of airway obstruction.The excess rates of lung disease and lung-function abnormalities and the relation between exposure and outcomes in this working population indicate that they probably had occupational bronchiolitis obliterans caused by the inhalation of volatile butter-flavoring ingredients.
Abnormal Abdominal Gas Shadows in a Diabetic Baby
Authors: Jacob Bar-Ziv
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>History</h3> A 4 1/2-month-old child was hospitalized from birth because of neonatal diabetes mellitus. Great difficulty in stabilizing and controlling the diabetes was experienced throughout the hospital stay. A profuse watery diarrhea developed. The child's condition rapidly deteriorated, and the baby died ten days later. Terminally the infant had hematemesis. Physical examination showed a moribund febrile baby with clinical evidence of sepsis. Figures 1 and 2 are posteroanterior and lateral roentgenograms obtained several days before death to verify the presence of pneumonia. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Necrotizing enterocolitis. Figures 1 and 2 confirmed the presence of basal lobular pneumonia on the right. Gas in the hepatic blood vessels is apparent on both views. The presence of mottled air lucencies is also noted in the region of the spleen. The diagnosis was verified at autopsy. A pneumoperitoneum and patchy necrosis of the bowel were present. There was air in the mesentery of the bowel,
Points from Letters: Longer Training for Radiographers
Authors: A. A. Vickers
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Abstract</h3> We analyzed 21,676 residual specimens from Ontario, Canada collected between March-August, 2020 to investigate the effect of antibody decline on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimates. Testing specimens orthogonally using the Abbott (anti-nucleocapsid) and then the Ortho (anti-spike) assays, seroprevalence estimates ranged from 0.4%-1.4%, despite ongoing disease activity. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibody-positive specimens decreased over time (p=0.015), and the GMC of antibody-negative specimens increased over time (p=0.0018). The association between the two tests decreased each month (p&lt;0.001), suggesting anti-N antibody decline. Lowering the Abbott index cut-off from 1.4 to 0.7 resulted in a 16% increase in positive specimens.
Estimated Risks for Developing Obesity in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Michael J. Pencina, Mark Cobain, Matthew S. Freiberg, Ralph B. D'Agostino
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: The short- and long-term risks for developing overweight or obesity are unknown. Objectives: To estimate the short-term, long-term, and lifetime risks for developing overweight or obesity in adults in the community. Design: Prospective cohort study, 1971 to 2001. Setting: Community-based study, Framingham, Massachusetts. Participants: 4117 white participants (51.9% women) from the Framingham Heart Study. Measurements: The short-term (4 years) and long-term (10 to 30 years) risks for ever becoming overweight or more (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) for men and women at 30, 40, and 50 years of age with a normal BMI (between 18.5 kg/m2 and 25.0 kg/m2). Results: The observed 4-year rates of developing overweight varied from 14% to 19% in women and 26% to 30% in men. Four-year rates of developing obesity ranged from 5% to 7% in women and 7% to 9% in men. The long-term (30-year) risk estimates were similar for the 2 sexes generally; varied somewhat with age (in men, being lower for those 50 years of age); and, overall, exceeded 1 in 2 persons for overweight or more, 1 in 4 individuals for obesity, and 1 in 10 people for stage II obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) across different age groups. The 30-year estimates correspond to the residual lifetime risk for overweight or more or obesity for participants 50 years of age. Limitations: These findings may not be generalizable to other races or ethnicities. Conclusions: The long-term risks for overweight or more or obesity exceeded 50% and 25%, respectively, indicating a large public health burden. These estimates suggest that the future burden of obesity-associated diseases may be substantial.
“Catastrophic” violence continues unchecked in Somalia
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Extreme and “catastrophic” violence has become part of everyday life in Somalia and is seriously hampering the efforts of humanitarian organisations in the country, says the medical aid charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). The plight of the Somali people has largely been ignored by aid agencies and the international community, it says.

More than 500 people with trauma injuries resulting from violence have been treated in the charity's two hospitals in Galkayo, central Somalia, this year alone. It has to operate two separate hospitals because patients cannot cross the front …
Detection of left main coronary artery stenosis by transesophageal color Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: K Yoshida, J Yoshikawa, T Hozumi, Y Yamaura, T Akasaka, T Fukaya, H Kato
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Although transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography can detect dilation of the coronary arteries, the reliability of this technique in the detection of coronary artery stenosis is still doubtful. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of newly developed biplane transesophageal color Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of left main coronary artery stenosis. Blood flow in the left main coronary artery was detected in 57 of 67 (85%) patients by transesophageal color Doppler flow imaging. Using transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography, adequate images of the full length of the left main coronary artery and identification of the bifurcation were obtained in 60 of 67 (90%) patients. Transesophageal echocardiography clearly showed significant (greater than or equal to 50%) narrowing of the coronary lumen in 10 of 11 patients (sensitivity, 91%) and insignificant narrowing or no abnormalities of the coronary lumen in the other 49 patients (specificity, 100%). The positive predictive accuracy for left main coronary artery disease was 100%, and the negative predictive accuracy was 98%. This preliminary study suggests that biplane transesophageal color Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography appears to be a feasible noninvasive technique for imaging the left main coronary artery and detecting hemodynamically significant luminal obstruction.
Adverse Outcomes of Underuse of β-Blockers in Elderly Patients-Reply
Authors: William Campbell Felch
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Rumboldt and colleagues for relating the data from Spain and Croatia that show an initial low rate of use of β-blockers in post-AMI patients similar to that found in studies from the United States. Of particular interest is the evidence from Europe that the recommendation for use of β-blockers has increased markedly in the late 1980s and the 1990s. We must point out that in both locations the evidence for use of β-blockers is based on the fact that patients were advised to use them in discharge letters; a critical question, of course, is how many patients took the advice and how many continued to follow it. We applaud Dr Hein's support for traveling review team of diverse experts who travel to hospitals in Iowa to provide hands-on CME to local practitioners about issues in perinatal care. The program fulfills the criteria of modern and effective CME
STUDIES ON BACTERIAL NUTRITION
Authors: H. J. Morgan, O. T. Avery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

In previous papers it has been shown that unheated plant tissue, in the form of potato, contains the two factors necessary for the growth of organisms of the hemoglobinophilic group. Further studies (5) confirmed these findings and showed that yellow and white turnip, carrot, beet, parsnip, and sweet potato can replace blood in the cultivation of Bacillus influenzae. In the present paper it has been shown that vegetable tissues also greatly facilitate and stimulate the growth of other organisms entirely unrelated to Bacillus influenzae. Three varieties of Gram-positive cocci have been used in the present study, pneumococcus, Streptococcus hamolyticus, and Streptococcus viridans. With pneumococcus it has been previously shown that prompt and luxuriant growth will occur in broth containing unheated potato even though the seeding be so small that no growth whatever will occur with the same seeding in plain broth (5). In the present study it has been shown that even in dextrose broth this minimal inoculation is followed by a prolonged period of lag, whereas in potato broth this same inoculum serves to initiate immediate and rapid growth. When pneumococci are grown in potato broth not only is the period of lag abolished, but the stationary period of growth is extended and cell death is delayed. Moreover, in plant tissue medium the zone of hydrogen ion concentration within which growth of pneumococcus can be initiated is considerably extended beyond the acid and alkaline limits of the optimal range in ordinary bouillon. It has been found also that the presence of unheated plant tissue in the media likewise stimulates growth of hemolytic and non-hemolytic streptococci. In this investigation no attempt has been made to determine the exact nature of the substances in plant tissue upon which these properties depend. That they are not of the nature of readily fermentable carbohydrates, however, is made evident by the fact that no increased production of acid occurs in the pneumococcus culture when potato is present.
Wax On, Wax Off: Pubic Hair Grooming and Potential Complications
Authors: Lindsey Schmidtberger, Barry Ladizinski, Marigdalia K. Ramirez-Fort
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Pubichairgrooming isbecomingan increasinglycommonpracticeamong women of all societies and demographic groups. In the United States, womenaremore likely togroomfor reasons that are sexuallydrivenand aremore likely to stopgroomingwhen lacking a current sexual partner. Further, pubic hair removal is significantly associated with a greater interest in sex and having a casual sex partner. Waxing is apopularepilation technique forpubichair removal,which involves applying hot wax to an area of skin that is then covered with muslin. The muslin is quickly removed, extracting the wax and unwanted hairs from the pubic area. Although relatively safe, waxing can cause microtrauma to the skin and its underlying structures with reported complications that include folliculitis, local spread of infection, burns, and syringoma development. Waxing-inducedfolliculitisofthepubicarea isacommoncomplication, usually secondary to infectionwithStaphylococcusaureus,Streptococcus pyogenes, orPseudomonasaeruginosa. The sourceof infectionmaybe normalskin flora,autoinoculation,contaminationofwaxingtools,orcolonizationof the individualperformingtheprocedure.Other infectionscan occur, andone reportdescribedawomanwithpoorly controlled insulindependent diabetesmellituswhodevelopedherpes simplex virus reactivationandsubsequentgroupAstreptococcustoxicshocksyndromefollowinga“Brazilian”bikiniwax.Anotherreportdescribedthedevelopment ofsyringomas in thegroin regionofa31-year-oldman,whichwasthought to be an inflammatory, hyperplastic response to repetitivewaxing. Pubichairwaxingcanalsocauseburns,withmostbeingsuperficialorpartialthicknessburns.Severeburnsrequiringdebridementandsplit skingrafting have been described following the use of self–waxing kits. Waxingcausesdeficits in themucocutaneousbarrier thatmaybesufficient for viral entry and transmission, potentially increasing the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs). One study demonstrated a correlation between sexually transmitted molluscum contagiosumand theuseof pubic hair removal practices. Still, there is a paucityofdataregardingtransmissionofotherviralagents, likelycomplicated bytheasymptomaticgenital sheddingofherpessimplexvirusesand long latency periods of human papillomaviruses. Becauseof itspopularity, healthpractitioners shouldbeawareof the potential dermatologic and systemic complications associatedwithpubic hairwaxing.While it has been shown that pubic hairwaxing directly correlates with increased sexual prevalence, more studies are necessary to further elucidate the risk of STI transmission after waxing. Individualswhowax their pubic hair shouldbe informedof this possible risk and perhaps be advised to abstain from sexual activity for a certain period of time after waxing.
Tuberculous peritonitis with cirrhosis of the liver.
Authors: A J Archimandritis, G Rigatos, S Begieti, N Kalliakmanis, S K Bartsokas
Journal: BMJ (1977)

enough of the element.As a matter of fact many commercially available solutions and especially those of amino-acids are slightly contaminated with zinc and other elements,4 but the quantities present are far below actual needs.Some of the newer solutions for parenteral feeding do contain trace elements in adequate amounts, but nevertheless we still frequently have to add further 100-500 Vg/day (1-5 ml of a solution containing 0 1 mg Zn/ml as ZnCl,), mostly in surgical patients, to achieve positive nitrogen balance, normal wound healing, and growth.Calculations of the actual amounts of other trace elements in human plasma lead to the same conclusions as to the rationale of its use as a source of trace elements for patients under parenteral nutrition.It is therefore mandatory actually to calculate even microgram amounts and stimulate the pharmaceutical industry to supply adequate solutions for general use.
Effect of Glimepiride on Serum Adiponectin Level in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shoichiro Nagasaka, Ataru Taniguchi, Yoshitaka Aiso, Toshimitsu Yatagai, Tomoatsu Nakamura, Yoshikatsu Nakai, Mitsuo Fukushima, Akira Kuroe, Shun Ishibashi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Sulfonylurea is known to lower glucose levels by stimulating pancreatic insulin secretion. Glimepiride, a new agent of sulfonylurea, is unique in that the glucose-lowering efficacy is similar but the ability to stimulate insulin secretion is lower in comparison with conventional sulfonylureas such as glibenclamide, glipizide, and gliclazide (1). Thus, glimepiride is hypothesized to have greater extrapancreatic effect, such as an improvement in insulin resistance (1). The previous report by Muller et al. (1) supports the hypothesis that insulin-resistant diabetic KK-Ay mice can be well controlled by glimepiride, but not by glibenclamide and gliclazide. Glimepiride is reported to increase insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Very recently, Tsunekawa et al. (2) clearly demonstrated that glimepiride actually increases insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. They also proposed that the increase in insulin sensitivity might be associated with increased adiponectinemia. Here we report our data regarding the effects of glimepiride on insulinemia, insulin sensitivity, and serum adiponectin …
Doctor, doctor: I got the fever; you got the cure
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors may be lampooned in opera, vilified in films, and condemned in literature, but in rock and roll they are the sweet talking guys.

They dispense good vibes, not to mention a number of illicit drugs, and they also have an extraordinary high rate of consultations for love sickness.

What may well be the first study of the doctor-patient relationship in rock and roll music finds that song writers attribute special psychological significance to doctors ( Medical Practice Management 2006;22:162-5).

That may, says the author, be because many rock musicians have been in psychotherapy at some point in their lives, and their descriptions of …
Exome Sequencing Reveals VCP Mutations as a Cause of Familial ALS
Authors: Janel O. Johnson, Jessica Mandrioli, Michael Benatar, Yevgeniya Abramzon, Vivianna M. Van Deerlin, John Q. Trojanowski, J. Raphael Gibbs, Maura Brunetti, Susan Gronka, Joanne Wuu, Jinhui Ding, Leo McCluskey, Maria Martinez-Lage, Dana Falcone, Dena G. Hernandez, Sampath Arepalli, Sean Chong, Jennifer C. Schymick, Jeffrey Rothstein, Francesco Landi, Yong-Dong Wang, Andrea Calvo, Gabriele Mora, Mario Sabatelli, Maria Rosaria Monsurrò, Stefania Battistini, Fabrizio Salvi, Rossella Spataro, Patrizia Sola, Giuseppe Borghero, Giuliana Galassi, Sonja W. Scholz, J. Paul Taylor, Gabriella Restagno, Adriano Chiò, Bryan J. Traynor
Journal: Neuron (2010)