tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postmenopausal oestrogen treatment and stroke: a prospective study.
Authors: A. Paganini-Hill, R. K. Ross, B. E. Henderson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To determine whether post-menopausal oestrogen use affects the risk of dying from stroke.Postal questionnaire survey to elicit details of oestrogen replacement therapy and potential risk modifiers.Californian retirement community.All 22,781 residents of community (white, affluent, well educated) contacted by mail and phone; 13,986 (61%, median age 73) responded, including 8882 women. These formed cohort for mortality follow up, using health department death certification. Only 13 lost to follow up, apparently not deceased, but 34 excluded because no information on oestrogen use.None.Mortality rate from stroke compared in women who did and did not receive oestrogen replacement treatment.Age adjusted mortality rates were computed using internal standard and four age groups. By January 1987 there had been 1019 deaths in the cohort. Twenty out of 4962 women who used oestrogen replacement treatment died from stroke compared with 43 out of 3845 women who did not use oestrogen replacement treatment: relative risk 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.91. Protection was found in all age groups except the youngest and was unaffected by adjustment for possible confounding factors (hypertension, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, exercise).Oestrogen replacement treatment protects against death due to stroke.
O96 HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS-DERIVED JNK1 DRIVES HEPATIC INJURY AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN IKKg/NEMO-DELETED LIVERS
Authors: F.J. Cubero, G. Zhao, Y.A. Nevzorova, M. Al Masaoudi, J. Verdier, J. Peng, F.M. Schaefer, M. Hatting, N. Hermanns, M.V. Boekschoten, C. Grouls, N. Gassler, F. Kiessling, M. Muller, R.J. Davis, C. Liedtke, C. Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
TCT-236 Clinical Profile And Impact Of A Family History Of Premature Coronary Artery Disease On Long-term Clinical Ischemic Events In Patients Undergoing PCI For STEMI: Analysis From The HORIZONS-AMI Trial. Revascularization And Stents In Acute Myocardial Infarction) Trial.
Authors: Konstanze Ertelt, Philippe Genereux, Gary S. Mintz, Ajay J. Kirtane, Tom McAndrew, Sorin Brener, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Manipulative Therapy in Addition to Usual Medical Care for Patients with Shoulder Dysfunction and Pain
Authors: Gert J.D. Bergman, Jan C. Winters, Klaas H. Groenier, Jan J.M. Pool, Betty Meyboom-de Jong, Klaas Postema, Geert J.M.G. van der Heijden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Dysfunction of the cervicothoracic spine and the adjacent ribs (also called the shoulder girdle) is considered to predict occurrence and poor outcome of shoulder symptoms. It can be treated with manipulative therapy, but scientific evidence for the effectiveness of such therapy is lacking. Objective: To study the effectiveness of manipulative therapy for the shoulder girdle in addition to usual medical care for relief of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: General practices in Groningen, the Netherlands. Patients: 150 patients with shoulder symptoms and dysfunction of the shoulder girdle. Interventions: All patients received usual medical care from their general practitioners. Only the intervention group received additional manipulative therapy, up to 6 treatment sessions in a 12-week period. Measurements: Patient-perceived recovery, severity of the main complaint, shoulder pain, shoulder disability, and general health. Data were collected during and at the end of the treatment period (at 6 and 12 weeks) and during the follow-up period (at 26 and 52 weeks). Results: During treatment (6 weeks), no significant differences were found between study groups. After completion of treatment (12 weeks), 43% of the intervention group and 21% of the control group reported full recovery. After 52 weeks, approximately the same difference in recovery rate (17 percentage points) was seen between groups. During the intervention and follow-up periods, a consistent between-group difference in severity of the main complaint, shoulder pain and disability, and general health favored additional manipulative therapy. Limitations: The sample size was small, and assessment of end points was subjective. Conclusion: Manipulative therapy for the shoulder girdle in addition to usual medical care accelerates recovery of shoulder symptoms.
[257] MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PREDICTED BY SIX SCORING SYSTEMS: NONE IS THE WINNER
Authors: V. Di Marco, C. Camma, G. Cabibbo, F. Latteri, L. Sandonato, P. Parisi, N. Alessi, A. Licata, M. Galia, M. Enea, M. Attanasio, M.A. Latteri, A. Craxi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
A Light Lamentation
Authors: Grant Gwinup
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Ad Libitum2 March 1999A Light LamentationGrant Gwinup, MD and Dayna Diven, MDGrant Gwinup, MDGalveston, TX 77555Search for more papers by this author and Dayna Diven, MDGalveston, TX 77555Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-5-199903020-00007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Now Newton thought he'd got it rightwhen he described the waves of light.Then Einstein said, “Oh no, I want ahave you think of light as quanta.”And Schrödinger suggested thata single one could kill a cat.Now that's too much for me, I'm scootinback to the waves of Isaac Newton. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Galveston, TX 77555Corresponding Author: Grant Gwinup, MD, and Dayna Diven, MD, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 4.112 McCullough Building, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0783. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 March 1999Volume 130, Issue 5Page: 449 Issue Published: 2 March 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Could antibodies to C-reactive protein link inflammation and cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Authors: S. G O'Neill, D. A Isenberg, A. Rahman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

ardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Most patients with SLE are young women who would normally be very unlikely to develop CVD.In women with SLE aged 35-44, the risk of CVD is up to 50 times that of age-and sex-matched controls. 1everal studies have examined the possible reasons for this increased risk.][4] Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition.As SLE is characterised by inflammatory flares affecting different organs and tissues of the body, it has been suggested that these flares contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. 5SLE is also characterised by the presence of autoantibodies.Some of these can contribute to development of cardiovascular disease by promoting atherosclerosis.Antiphospholipid antibodies (APL), for example, promote arterial and venous thrombosis 6 and activate endothe- lial cells.However, levels of APL have rarely been linked to disease activity in SLE patients, and a recent study in 200 patients with SLE showed that the prevalence of carotid artery plaques did not differ between APL-positive and APLnegative patients. 7Other antibodies could potentially exert a direct action on cardiac tissue.This is recognised in the foetal heart where anti-Ro antibodies crossing from the maternal circulation attack the conducting tissue to cause foetal heart block. 8However, it should be stressed that anti-Ro antibodies do not affect the adult heart and levels of anti-Ro do not reflect SLE disease activity.Are there other autoantibodies that could link inflammatory disease activity and CVD in SLE?There are a number of possible candidates, including anti-high density lipoprotein 9 and anti-apolipoprotein A-1. 10 In this editorial, we discuss the possibility that anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) antibodies could also play such a role in this link.
Development of the generic drug industry in the US after the Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984
Authors: Garth Boehm, Lixin Yao, Liang Han, Qiang Zheng
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

The key events in the development of the US generic drug industry after the Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984 are systematically reviewed, including the process of approval for generic drugs, bioequivalence issues including "switchability", bioequivalence for complicated dosage forms, patent extension, generic drug safety, generic substitution and low-cost generics. The backlog in generic review, generic drug user fees, and "quality by design" for generic drugs is also discussed. The evolution of the US generic drug industry after the Hatch-Waxman Act in 1984 has afforded several lessons of great benefit to other countries wishing to establish or re-establish a domestic generic drug industry.
Carotid Arterial Structure in Patients With Documented Coronary Artery Disease and Disease-Free Control Subjects
Authors: James G. Terry, Rong Tang, Mark A. Espeland, Donna H. Davis, Jose L.C. Vieira, Michele F. Mercuri, John R. Crouse
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Although atherosclerosis often leads to lumen narrowing and symptomatic cardiovascular disease, it is now recognized that arteries have the potential to compensate by enlarging in response to atherosclerosis. We tested the hypotheses that carotid arterial interadventitial (IA) and lumen diameters were related to wall thickness and that carotid arterial diameters of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) differed from those of CAD-free controls. Methods and Results— We measured lumen diameter, IA diameter, and intima-media thickness (IMT) using B-mode ultrasound in the common and internal carotid arteries of 141 CAD case patients and 139 disease-free control subjects. Common carotid IA diameter was greater in CAD cases than controls after adjustment for age, height, and sex ( P &lt;0.01). Common carotid lumen diameter was marginally larger in individuals with greater IMT ( P =0.06) but was not associated with case status. Conversely, mean internal carotid IA and lumen diameters were smaller in CAD cases than controls in both univariable and multivariable models (both P &lt;0.001), and lumina were smaller in individuals with greater IMT. Despite these cross-sectional differences in carotid artery dimensions, we were unable to detect any statistically significant interactive effects of CAD case status on the association of IMT with arterial dimensions. Conclusions— Internal carotid artery lumen and IA diameters are both smaller in CAD cases than controls. The association of increased IMT with arterial dimensions varies in a manner that is segment-specific for the common and internal carotid arteries.
Update in Nephrology: Evidence Published in 2011
Authors: Michel Chonchol
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Updates7 August 2012Update in Nephrology: Evidence Published in 2011Michel Chonchol, MDMichel Chonchol, MDFrom University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00412 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The field of nephrology had a landmark year in 2010 that was dominated by large and focused randomized, controlled clinical trials addressing fundamental clinical questions. The year 2011 also proved to be exciting for nephrology, characterized by the emergence of basic science and translational research that advanced our understanding of important epidemiologic observations. This Update summarizes what I believe to be the 10 most important articles published in 2011. These articles address chronic kidney disease (CKD), glomerular disease, acute kidney injury, and hypertension.Chronic Kidney DiseaseSimvastatin Plus Ezetimibe Reduces Major Atherosclerotic Events in Patients With CKD Not Requiring Dialysis ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M12-0367.Corresponding Author: Michel Chonchol, MD, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 4545 East Ninth Avenue, Suite 160, Denver, CO 80262; e-mail, [email protected].Author Contributions: Conception and design: M. Chonchol.Analysis and interpretation of the data: M. Chonchol.Drafting of the article: M. Chonchol.Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: M. Chonchol.Final approval of the article: M. Chonchol.Administrative, technical, or logistic support: M. Chonchol.Collection and assembly of data: M. Chonchol.This article was published at www.annals.org on 19 April 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 August 2012Volume 157, Issue 3Page: 192-196KeywordsAcute renal failureAttentionEstimated glomerular filtration rateKidneysLeft ventricular hypertrophyMedical dialysisMortalityMyocardial infarctionPreeclampsiaRenal diseases ePublished: 7 August 2012 Issue Published: 7 August 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM IN CASES WITH CORTICAL ATROPHY AND VENTRICULAR DILATATION
Authors: SIDNEY LEVIN, MILTON GREENBLATT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

(1) In a series of 67 cases with unequivocal pneumoencephalographic evidence of either cortical atrophy or ventricular dilatation, many normal EEGs were found as well as a considerable variety of abnormal electroencephalographic patterns. (2) Those cases of cortical atrophy or ventricular dilatation having convulsive seizures as part of the clinical picture invariably showed abnormal EEGs. In the majority of such cases the electroencephalographic abnormalities were of a marked degree. (3) In cases free of convulsive seizures, the electroencephalographic abnormalities were generally of a mild degree, and the incidence of abnormality was similar for cases with ventricular dilatation (44%) and cortical atrophy (37%). However, more slow activity was found in cases with ventricular dilatation than in cases with cortical atrophy, and more fast activity in the latter group than in the former. (4) Asymmetrical electroencephalographic abnormalities were recorded in only 5 individuals, 2 of whom had unequal ventricular enlargement. In these 2, the greater electroencephalographic abnormality was on the side of the smaller ventricle.
Functional hydrophobin-coating of thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon microparticles
Authors: Luis M. Bimbo, Ermei Mäkilä, Janne Raula, Timo Laaksonen, Päivi Laaksonen, Katharina Strommer, Esko I. Kauppinen, Jarno Salonen, Markus B. Linder, Jouni Hirvonen, Hélder A. Santos
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
THE VALUE OF SODIUM CHLORID IN THE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL INTOXICATION
Authors: CLAUDE F. DIXON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Clinically, the toxemia that occurs in partial or complete duodenal or upper intestinal obstruction is striking, both because of the severity and because of the peculiar character of the syndrome. This syndrome was first described by Newman,<sup>1</sup>in 1861, and soon afterward by Kussmaul.<sup>2</sup>Mayo-Robson,<sup>3</sup>in 1898, mentioned eleven cases of gastric tetany. Ten of the patients died. Another patient, his own (at first suspected of having strychnin poisoning on account of the convulsions), completely recovered following gastro-enterostomy. Cunningham,<sup>4</sup>in 1904, reported a typical case of gastric tetany in which the patient recovered after gastroenterostomy had been performed. MacCallum<sup>5</sup>and his co-workers were probably the first to show, by direct experimental evidence, that there was a decrease in the plasma chlorids and an increase in the carbon dioxid carrying capacity of the blood in cases of obstruction in the upper intestinal tract. They demonstrated slight
Anthropology and Medical Education
Authors: Ashley Montagu
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ON AUG 13, 1892, there appeared an article in<i>The Lancet</i>(London) entitled "The Place of Anthropology in Medical Education"; the author was Havelock Ellis.<sup>1</sup>This was followed during the next week by a vigorous plea along the same lines from the pen of the distinguished surgeon Charles Roberts.<sup>2</sup>The argument of both writers was that room ought to be found in the medical curriculum for the more directly human and practical study of anthropology in place of some of the irrelevant aspects of anatomy, physiology, and histology. Botany, they thought, ought to be dropped altogether. Botany has been dropped, and most of the irrelevancies of anatomy, physiology, and histology have been largely pruned away in the 70 years since Ellis and Roberts penned their communications. In the meantime the content of the medical curriculum has become packed with more and more subjects as its duration has
An Anatomical Criticism of the Procedure known as Total Prostatectomy
Authors: C. S. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1904)

TOTAL PROSTATECTOMY." ["Tm l7rrJ 239 spasm that an injection of morphine had to be given, and the experience was one the patient declined to repeat.Operation (September 20th) was devoid of unusual features, but inspec- tion of -the intravesical portion of the prostate showed an enormous venous dilatation, and the oozing of blood during enucleation was freer than usual.On the ninth day there was a good deal of blood oozing from the wound; this continued free for a week, and the temperature.generally averaging about 99.50 at night, rose on the fourteenth day after a rigor to 1040, and again after a rigor on the seventeenth day to I03.50.In view of the patient's chronic -heart trouble I felt anxious about him, but the oozing and tlle fever both came to an end when on the twentieth day I washed a large slough out of the bladder, probably some of the detached mucous membrane stripped off the.prostate.At the end of the third week some urine was passed per uretlhram, and when the patient went home at the end of the fifth week practically the whole of his urine was passed naturally.By this time the thirst and dryness of the mouth, which had proved so troublesome, had quite disappeared.At the present time the patient holds his urine for-thlree to four hours in the day time, and is not disturbed at all in the night; the specific gravity of the urine has risen to 1020.The-prostate came away in one mass, and was surrounded by a com- plete.capsule; the weight was go graEs (nenrly 3 oz.)after immersion in preservatives.The wlhole of the pr4static urethra came away with the organ..The enlargement was almost entirely due to overgrowth and distension of the acini, and there was a'considerable amount of prostatitis.CONCLUIONS.Briefly, my conclusions are that: I.It is possible to enucleate the prostate.2. The prostatic urethra is then almost invariably, if not always, removed with the organ.3. If the prostatic urethra were left it would necrose from want of blood supply.4. Stricture does not follow the damage to the urethra.5. The operation gives excellent results, often restoring the functions of the bladder to an absolutely normal condition.I should like to express my great indebtedness to my friend,
Cohort analysis of treatment outcomes from facility-based and community-based tuberculosis care in Botswana: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kenneth Mugisha, Barzghina Semo, Jenny Ledikwe, Ronald Tulani Ncube, Jacqueline Firth, Tom Achoki, Thomas Lere, Gape Machao, Frank Mwangemi, Panganai Makadzange, Alice Mabreaden, Thandi Katholo, Bonaparte Nkomo
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Female monozygotic twins discordant for hemophilia A due to nonrandom X‐chromosome inactivation
Authors: Carolyn M. Bennett, Eileen Boye, Ellis J. Neufeld
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

We describe monozygotic female twins discordant for hemophilia A, born to a carrier mother and normal father. Affected twin A presented at age 1 year with excessive bruising and factor VIII procoagulant activity (FVIII:C) of less than 1% of normal. Twin B is an asymptomatic carrier with FVIII:C level of 42%. Peripheral blood DNA was tested for X-chromosome inactivation (methylation) patterns of the X-linked human androgen receptor gene, comparing the twins' patterns to parental. Twin A showed nonrandom inactivation skewed toward the paternal X, whereas twin B showed random X-inactivation. This is the first reported case of discordance for hemophilia A between female monozygotic twins.
Prognostic, therapeutic, and mechanistic implications of a mouse model of leukemia evoked by Shp2 (PTPN11) mutations
Authors: M. Golam Mohi, Ifor R. Williams, Charles R. Dearolf, Gordon Chan, Jeffery L. Kutok, Sarah Cohen, Kelly Morgan, Christina Boulton, Hirokazu Shigematsu, Heike Keilhack, Koichi Akashi, D. Gary Gilliland, Benjamin G. Neel
Journal: Cancer Cell (2005)
TCTAP A-004 Combination of Thrombus Aspiration, High-Dose Statin, Adenosine and Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonist Reduce the Incidence of No-Reflow After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shanshan Zhou, Yun-Dai Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A cysteine residue located in the transmembrane domain of CD44 is important in binding of CD44 to hyaluronic acid.
Authors: D Liu, M S Sy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

In the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic domain of human CD44 protein there are two cysteine residues. These two cysteines are conserved in all known mammalian CD44 proteins. The functions of these cysteine residues are not known. Site-specific mutagenesis was used to create CD44 mutant proteins lacking either one or both of these cysteine residues. Wild-type CD44 and mutant CD44 genes were transfected into CD44- Jurkat cells to establish stable transfectants. These transfectants were used to study whether these two cysteine residues are important in the binding of CD44(H) to fluorescein-conjugated hyaluronic acid (F-HA). Jurkat transfectant bearing wild-type CD44 did not bind F-HA, unless they were stimulated in vitro with immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Anti-CD3 antibody also stimulated the binding of F-HA in Jurkat CD44.C295A transfectant in which the cytoplasmic cysteine residue has been replaced with alanine. In contrast, anti-CD3 antibody failed to stimulate the binding of F-HA in Jurkat transfectant (CD44.C286A), in which the transmembrane domain cysteine 286 has been replaced with an alanine, and in Jurkat transfectant CD44.2C2A, in which both of the cysteine residues have been altered. Binding can also be induced with a monoclonal anti-CD44 antibody (F-44-10-2) in Jurkat wild-type CD44 and Jurkat CD44.C295A transfectants but not in CD44. C286A transfectant. These results provide evidence that the transmembrane domain of CD44, more specifically the cysteine residue in the transmembrane domain, is important for both activation-induced and anti-CD44 antibody-induced binding of soluble HA.
TCT-721 Impact of Severe Reduction of Left Ventricular Function on Mid-term Mortality after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Giuseppe Ferrante, Paolo Pagnotta, Anna Sonia Petronio, Federica Ettori, Silvio Klugmann, Cristina Giannini, Claudia Fiorina, Federico De Marco, Nedy Brambilla, Francesco Bedogni, Marco G. Mennuni, Patrizia Presbitero
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)