tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Virchow Fund.
Authors: A. Jacobi
Journal: JAMA (1901)

New York City, July 1, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some months ago a committee consisting of Dr. Reed, President of the American Medical Association. Dr. Bowditch, President of the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons, Dr. Weir, President of the New York Academy of Medicine. Dr. Welch, of Johns Hopkins University, and the undersigned secretary, published an appeal to the American medical profession requesting contributions to the Virchow fund which was established ten years ago in honor of Rudolf Virchow's 70th birthday, which was reached Oct. 13. 1891. The fund was created for the purpose of fostering biological, anthropological and general medical research. A large German Committee, with national committees formed all over the globe, has undertaken to increase this fund in honor of the coming 80th birthday of the great medical reformer. Whatever contributions will be raised should be sent to Germany on the first day of September in
Paradoxic Decrease in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation With Papillary Muscle Dysfunction
Authors: Emmanuel Messas, J. Luis Guerrero, Mark D. Handschumacher, Chi-Ming Chow, Suzanne Sullivan, Ehud Schwammenthal, Robert A. Levine
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) was first ascribed to papillary muscle (PM) contractile dysfunction. Current theories include apical leaflet tethering caused by left ventricular (LV) distortion, but PM dysfunction is still postulated and commonly diagnosed. PM contraction, however, parallels apical tethering, suggesting the hypothesis that PM contractile dysfunction can actually diminish MR due to ischemic distortion of the inferior base alone. Methods and Results We therefore occluded the proximal circumflex circulation in 7 sheep while maintaining PM perfusion, confirmed by contrast echocardiography. By 3D echocardiography, we measured the tethering distance between the ischemic medial PM tip and anterior annulus and LV ejection volume to give MR (by subtracting flowmeter LV outflow). In 6 sheep without initial MR, inferior ischemia alone produced PM tip retraction with restricted leaflet closure and mild-to-moderate MR (regurgitant fraction, 25.2±2.8%). Adding PM ischemia consistently decreased MR and tethering distance (5.2±0.3 to 1.4±0.3 mL; +3.8±0.5 mm to −2.2±0.7 mm axially relative to baseline; P &lt;0.001) as PM strain rate decreased from +0.78±0.07 per second (contraction) to −0.42±0.06 per second (elongation, P &lt;0.001) and leaflet tenting decreased. In one sheep, prolapse and MR resolved with inferior ischemia and recurred with PM ischemia. Conclusions PM contractile dysfunction can paradoxically decrease MR from inferobasal ischemia by reducing leaflet tethering to improve coaptation. This emphasizes the role of geometric factors in ischemic MR mechanism and potential therapy.
Overdrive suppression in the transplanted heart: effect of the autonomic nervous system on human sinus node recovery.
Authors: J W Mason
Journal: Circulation (1980)

To assess the influence of the autonomic nervous system upon the recovery of the normal human sinus node, the responses to overdrive pacing at multiple cycle lengths of the denervated donor heart sinus nodes of 18 human cardiac transplant recipients were compared to the responses of those 18 patients' innervated, remnant atria and of 20 control subjects with normal sinus node function.The mean average spon- taneous sinus cycle length of the donor atria (643 ± 78 msec [SD]) was significantly shorter than that for either the innervated recipient (822 ± 171 msec) or the control atria (840 ± 204 msec).The longest sinus node recovery time occurred after overdrive pacing at cycle lengths of 400 msec or less in 94% of the donor atria, but in only 28% of the recipient atria (p < 0.01) and 10% of the control atria (p < 0.0001).Secondary postpacing cycles were longer than the initial postpacing pause after at least one pacing intervention in only 6% of the donor, but in 78% of the recipient (p < 0.01) and 45% of the control atria (p < 0.01).Curves describing the relationship between the corrected sinus node recovery time and the cycle length of overdrive pacing were smooth and predictable in 72% of the donor atria, but in only 17% of the recipient (p < 0.01) and 20% of the control atria (p < 0.01).In transplant patients pacing was performed for both 60-and 15-second overdrive periods; recovery phenomena were qualitatively and quantitatively the same for the two durations of pacing.We conclude that the cardiac autonomic nervous system has considerable influence on the postpacing recovery phenomenon of the normal human sinus node.This may account, in part, for the insensitivity of the sinus node recovery time in detecting sinus node dysfunction.
Political lead essential to avoid panic when flu strikes
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The United Nations' official in charge of preparing the world for a possible influenza pandemic has called for a united international response with high level political involvement in each country to prevent panic and general “lock down” of countries as soon as the disease spreads.

David Nabarro, senior UN system coordinator for avian and human influenza, told members of the House of Lords' Science and Technology Committee that …
Globins in nonvertebrate species: dispersal by horizontal gene transfer and evolution of the structure-function relationships
Authors: L. Moens, J. Vanfleteren, Y. Van de Peer, K. Peeters, O. Kapp, J. Czeluzniak, M. Goodman, M. Blaxter, S. Vinogradov
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Using a new template based on an alignment of 145 nonvertebrate globins we examined several recently determined sequences of putative globins and globin-like hemeproteins. We propose that all globins have evolved from a family of ancestral, approx. 17-kDa hemeproteins, which displayed the globin fold and functioned as redox proteins. Once atmospheric O2 became available the acquisition of oxygen-binding properties was initiated, culminating in the various highly specialized functions known as present. During this evolutionary process, we suggest that (1) high oxygen affinity may have been acquired repeatedly and (2) the formation of chimeric proteins containing both a globin and a flavin binding domain was an additional and distinct evolutionary trend. Furthermore, globin-like hemeproteins encompass hemeproteins produced through convergent evolution from nonglobin ancestral proteins to carry out O2-binding functions as well as hemeproteins whose sequences exhibit the loss of some or all of the structural determinants of the globin fold. We also propose that there occurred two cases of horizontal globin gene transfer, one from an ancestor common to the ciliates Paramecium and Tetrahymena and the green alga Chlamydomonas to a cyanobacterium ancestor and the other, from a eukaryote ancestor of the yeasts Saccharomyces and Candida to a bacterial ancestor of the proteobacterial genera Escherichia, Alcaligenes, and Vitreoscilla.
944 PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS WHO FAILED PRIMARY PROPHYLAXIS WITH NON-SELECTIVE BETA-BLOCKERS HAVE AN INCREASED RISK OF REBLEEDING DESPITE ADDING ENDOSCOPIC VARICEAL LIGATION
Authors: A.R. Souza, V. La Mura, E. Reverter, S. Seijo, A. Berzigotti, J.C. García-Pagan, J.G. Abraldes, J. Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
860. Sustained Long_Term In Vivo Expression of Human Factor IX from Keratinocytes Transduced with HIV_Based Vectors
Authors: Angeles Escarti-Nebot, Fernando Serrano, Marcela delRio, Fernando Larcher, Antonio Bernad
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency in coagulation factor IX (FIX), and is due to mutations in the factor IX gene. Patients suffer from severe bleeding disorders that may cause chronic tissue inflammation and degeneration. The only treatments currently available are paliative. Hemophilia B is a good candidate for cutaneous gene therapy, since factor levels as low as 1% of normal (3-5 |[mu]|g/ml) will ameliorate symptoms and keratinocytes can synthesize biologically active FIX.
Impact of venography on the diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis.
Authors: L E Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In general medical patients presenting with suspected deep vein thrombosis routine use of x ray venography was associated with a large fall in the proportion of patients with a final diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, from 83% to 25% (p less than 0.001), and with an appreciable shortening of hospital stay, from 13.6 to 7.2 days. The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis was rejected in only 4% of patients when a venogram was not performed, and it is estimated that two patients were treated with anticoagulants unnecessarily for every patient treated correctly. The risk, expense, and inconvenience of unnecessary anticoagulant treatment far exceeds the risk, expense, and inconvenience of performing venograms routinely. The common practice of misdiagnosing deep vein thrombosis clinically should be abandoned.
A New Variant of Human Intersex with Discussion on the Developmental Aspects
Authors: P. N. Shah, S. N. Naik, D. K. Mahajan, M. J. Dave, J. C. Paymaster
Journal: BMJ (1961)

DIURETICS AND THE EYE 1BREiuE1sH pass through a cell membrane without its dissolved salt (O'Donovan, 1960).This probably applies also to the entry of fluid into the eye.There is also good evidence that the ciliary body maintains an active transport of sodium (Cole, 1960), which must be of primary importance in determining the volume of intraocular fluid-that is, the intraocular pressure throughout the day.In conclusion, I would like to record my appreciation of the honour of being invited to give this Lecture-and of the facilities provided by the Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital which have made this research work possible.I am indebted to
Physicians' Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2001
Authors: Ellen F. Manzullo, Roger W. Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 February 2002Physicians' Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2001Ellen F. Manzullo, MD and Roger W. Anderson, DrPHEllen F. Manzullo, MDThe University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.Search for more papers by this author and Roger W. Anderson, DrPHThe University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-4-200202190-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Chu E, DeVita VT. 584 pages. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2001. $56.95. ISBN 0763714488. Order phone 800-832-0034.Field of medicine: Oncology.Format: Spiral-bound softcover book and CD-ROM.Audience: Oncologists and trainees in oncology, internists, family practitioners, and various health care professionals involved in the care of patients with cancer.Purpose: To provide a practical reference on chemotherapeutic and biological agents in current clinical use for patients with cancer.Content: The manual is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the principles of chemotherapy that have been used in cancer drug development. Chapter 2 provides detailed monographs on individual chemotherapeutic ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 February 2002Volume 136, Issue 4Page: 340KeywordsCancer chemotherapyChemotherapeutic agentsClinical pharmacologyDrug interactionsDrugsPatientsPharmacokineticsSoftware toolsToxicityVomiting ePublished: 19 February 2002 Issue Published: 19 February 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE CULTIVATION OF TISSUES IN VITRO AS A METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF CYTOTOXINS
Authors: Robert A. Lambert, Frederic M. Hanes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

1. Theoretically, the method of cultivating tissues outside the body offers an ideal technique for the demonstration and study of cytotoxins. 2. Mouse sarcoma, which grows vigorously in the plasma of normal rats, shows little or no activity in the plasma of rats immunized by mouse sarcoma injections. 3. Rat sarcoma, readily cultivated in the plasma of normal guinea pigs, either remains quite inactive, or presents a feeble growth in the plasma of guinea pigs previously treated with rat tissues. 4. The inhibition of growth in cultures of rat and mouse sarcomata in plasma from animals of a foreign species immunized against these tissues, is due, in all probability, to the action of cytotoxins.
UK government bows to pressure over lobbying bill
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK government has bowed to pressure from dozens of organisations, including charities and the BMA, to amend its proposed new lobbying law amid widespread accusations that the legislation would prevent them commenting on public policy issues in the 12 months before an election.

The move also comes after concern on the part of the Electoral Commission, the watchdog that would have to enforce the new law, that it would be unworkable.

The Transparency of Lobbying, Non-Party Campaigning, and Trade Union Administration Bill had its second reading in the House of Commons on 3 September and went to a …
PKCα regulates platelet granule secretion and thrombus formation in mice
Authors: Olga Konopatskaya, Karen Gilio, Matthew T. Harper, Yan Zhao, Judith M.E.M. Cosemans, Zubair A. Karim, Sidney W. Whiteheart, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Paul Verkade, Steve P. Watson, Johan W.M. Heemskerk, Alastair W. Poole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Platelets are central players in atherothrombosis development in coronary artery disease. The PKC family provides important intracellular mechanisms for regulating platelet activity, and platelets express several members of this family, including the classical isoforms PKCalpha and PKCbeta and novel isoforms PKCdelta and PKCtheta. Here, we used a genetic approach to definitively demonstrate the role played by PKCalpha in regulating thrombus formation and platelet function. Thrombus formation in vivo was attenuated in Prkca-/- mice, and PKCalpha was required for thrombus formation in vitro, although this PKC isoform did not regulate platelet adhesion to collagen. The ablation of in vitro thrombus formation in Prkca-/- platelets was rescued by the addition of ADP, consistent with the key mechanistic finding that dense-granule biogenesis and secretion depend upon PKCalpha expression. Furthermore, defective platelet aggregation in response to either collagen-related peptide or thrombin could be overcome by an increase in agonist concentration. Evidence of overt bleeding, including gastrointestinal and tail bleeding, was not seen in Prkca-/- mice. In summary, the effects of PKCalpha ablation on thrombus formation and granule secretion may implicate PKCalpha as a drug target for antithrombotic therapy.
Hepatitis B vaccine: Low postvaccination immunity in hospital personnel given gluteal injections
Authors: Karen L. Lindsay, David A. Herbert, Gary L. Gitnick
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Although other investigators have found excellent response rates to the hepatitis B vaccine, we report here an unusually low rate of seroconversion following hepatitis B vaccination in a group of apparently healthy medical center personnel. Only 67% of these individuals developed adequate postvaccination antibodies to HBsAg, in contrast to 85 to 96% in other studies. A significant decrease in seroconversion with increasing age was noted with a 54% seroconversion rate in vaccines over the age of 40; all of whom had received gluteal injections. Employees at another facility had been given deltoid injections from the same vaccine lot and had an overall seroconversion rate of 90%. Subsequently, nonresponders from the first group were revaccinated. Seven of the ten individuals tested developed anti-HBs. We believe the relatively low rate of seroconversion in individuals above the age of 40 may have been related to gluteal injection of the hepatitis B vaccine, and further investigation is warranted.
ESTERASES IN CUTANEOUS GRANULOMATA.
Authors: G. C. WELLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1957)

Journal Article ESTERASES IN CUTANEOUS GRANULOMATA. Get access G. C. WELLS G. C. WELLS Senior Lecturer, Institute of Dermatology, British Postgraduate Medical Federation, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 69, Issue 12, 1 December 1957, Pages 415–427, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1957.tb13216.x Published: 01 December 1957
AAV-Mediated gene transfer slows photoreceptor loss in the RCS rat model of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Alexander J Smith, Frank C Schlichtenbrede, Marion Tschernutter, James W Bainbridge, Adrian J Thrasher, Robin R Ali
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

In the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cannot phagocytose the outer segment discs that are continually shed from photoreceptors. The resulting accumulation of debris in the subretinal space leads to a progressive loss of photoreceptors. The defect results from a mutation in the Mertk gene, which is normally expressed in the RPE. Mertk is a receptor tyrosine kinase, involved in the binding of photoreceptor debris. Mutations in MERTK have also been described in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here we demonstrate that subretinal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing the murine Mertk gene can significantly prolong photoreceptor cell survival in the RCS rat. Electroretinographic analysis of treated eyes showed that functional photoreceptors were still present at 9 weeks, when there is virtually no activity in untreated control eyes. Histological analysis of treated eyes revealed a decrease in the amount of debris in the subretinal space, suggesting that RPE function was restored. Moreover, 9 weeks after treatment the number of photoreceptors was 2.5-fold higher in treated than in control eyes. This study provides strong support for the development of AAV-mediated gene therapy for RP caused by mutations in the MERTK gene.
Venous Thrombosis as a Chronic Disease
Authors: Andrew I. Schafer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The lethal complication of deep-vein thrombosis is pulmonary embolism. Since about 80 percent of the patients who die of pulmonary embolism succumb within two hours of the onset of symptoms,1 intervention must focus on prevention. Patients who have had a thromboembolic event are at increased risk for recurrence. Oral anticoagulant therapy has up to 90 percent efficacy in preventing repeated episodes. Although the optimal intensity of anticoagulation with warfarin in this situation has been determined,2 generally with an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0 to 3.0 set as the target, the optimal duration of prophylaxis has remained uncertain since the . . .
Prepregnancy Weight and Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Robert L. Goldenberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, there are two articles that describe the relationship between maternal size and a pregnancy with a neural tube defect (NTD).<sup>1,2</sup>Both investigations are population-based, case-controlled studies involving more than 500 NTD cases and controls. Information on maternal characteristics, including pregnancy events, prepregnancy weight, and dietary intake, was obtained by in-person interviews with each mother within 5 to 6 months of delivery. The risk of NTD-affected pregnancy was estimated after adjusting for multiple confounders. These two groups of investigators independently reached a similar conclusion: women who are obese (ie, women who have a body mass index [BMI] of &gt;29 kg/m<sup>2</sup>or body weight of more than 80 kg) at the beginning of pregnancy are more likely to have infants with NTDs and this association is independent of folate intake. Since previous studies have indicated similar relationships,<sup>3,4</sup>it is likely that this association
Association Between Plasma Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor Levels and Activated Protein C in Normotensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Yutaka Yano, Esteban C. Gabazza, Yasuko Hori, Nagako Kitagawa, Akira Katsuki, Rika Araki-Sasaki, Yasuhiro Sumida, Yukihiko Adachi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Patients With Type 1 Diabetes1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] not only regulates calcium metabolism but also modulates the immune system.Some reports have suggested that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 helps to prevent the development of type 1 diabetes.The association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes has been examined, but a definitive conclusion has not yet been reached (1,2).We examined the VDR genotype in juvenile Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.A total of 108 diabetic patients (41 boys and 67 girls, age of onset 0.4 -18 years with a median age of 8.9) and 120 nonrelated nondiabetic subjects were studied.Three polymorphic restriction fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLPs), i.e., Fok I, ApaI, and TaqI, were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method.The genotype or allele frequencies were compared statistically by the 2 test.The significance of differences in each genotype for the age of onset was tested with the Mann-Whitney U test.Among the patients, the FF (n ϭ 50) and tt (n ϭ 5) genotypes were found relatively frequently, and aa (n ϭ 46) was infrequent compared with those in control subjects, but these differences were not statistically significant (P ϭ 0.14, 0.18, and 0.38 for FF, tt, and aa genotypes, respectively).There was also no significant difference in the allele frequency of each polymorphism, although the incidence of the F allele tended to be higher in the diabetic patients (P ϭ 0.051).Concerning the age of onset of diabetes, patients with the ff genotype (n ϭ 12, median 5.2 years, range 1.7-11.0)were significantly younger at onset than those with FF (n ϭ 50, 9.7 years, 0.4 -15.9, P ϭ 0.01) or Ff (n ϭ 46, 8.9 years, 0.9 -18.0,P ϭ 0.03).No significant association was observed between the TaqI or ApaI genotype and the age of onset.The ff genotype has been reported to be associated with a lower expression of VDR mRNA and reduced inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated growth of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Thus, the Fok I genotype may influence the rate of the progression of insulitis by modifying the autoimmune process, which may have led to the significant difference in the age of onset.The relatively high frequency of the F allele in diabetic patients, which has also been found in Japanese adult diabetic patients (2), is apparently inconsistent with this observation.A possible explanation is that the impact of Fok I polymorphism may not be strong enough to prevent the progression of autoimmune insulitis into overt diabetes and thus does not influence susceptibility to the disease itself.In conclusion, VDR gene polymorphism does not appear to have a strong enough impact to clearly influence susceptibility to the disease itself, but Fok I polymorphism might influence the age of onset of diabetes in juvenile Japanese diabetic patients.