tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-Assessment Tests
Authors: Hugh T. Carmichael
Journal: JAMA (1970)

It is obviously necessary that there should be maintenance of the professional competence of all physicians who, after the completion of formal undergraduate and graduate medical education, are practicing medicine, whether they are in private practice or active on a hospital or medical school or clinic staff. Without such maintenance of competence, the quality of medical care given to patients cannot be maintained or improved. In fact, it tends to become outdated and eventually deteriorates. So challenging is the information explosion in medicine and the advent of the newest technologies that it is said, with some justice, that the "half-life" of a physician's knowledge and skills is now about ten years. In our consumer-oriented society, what is increasingly called the "quality gap" in medical care has become of critical concern to medicine. At least two state medical societies have required their members to take a stipulated number of hours of
Survival after 195 defibrillations
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (1969)

p. 432) was an excellent testimony to the efficacy of D.C. defibrillation in terminating ventricular fibrillation, it raises an important point.The values for arterial Pco2 quoted show that the patient was adequately " titrated " with, presumably, bicarbonate solutions, but the values quoted for arterial Pco2 are: 107 mm.Hg, 97 mm.Hg, and 107 mm.Hg, respectively.A high Pco2 is known to alter the automaticity of pacemaker cells, and above a value of about 70 mm.Hg may be associated with the production of ectopic beats,' especi- ally in an already abnormal myocardium.A high Pco2 will also cause the release of endo- genous catecholamines,2 which have a similar electrophysiological effect as well as changing the refractory periods and increasing the rate of discharge of pacemaker cells.'Could it be possible that, in the presence of the myocardial infarction, the episodes of ventricular fibrillation were related to the respiratory failure ?Were this the case then surely the appropriate therapy lies in the avoidance of high oxygen-enriched mixtures for the patient to breathe, and, should the hypercapnia persist at unacceptable levels, the institution of mechanical ventilation.-I am, etc.,
Malignant Astrocytomas Originate from Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in a Somatic Tumor Suppressor Mouse Model
Authors: Sheila Alcantara Llaguno, Jian Chen, Chang-Hyuk Kwon, Erica L. Jackson, Yanjiao Li, Dennis K. Burns, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, Luis F. Parada
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
The Ischiopubic Synchondrosis: Changing Appearance on PET/CT as a Mimic of Disease
Authors: Laura A. Drubach, Stephan D. Voss, Vasiliki Kourmouzi, Leonard P. Connolly
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

F-18 FDG PET/CT showed high uptake and a lucent expansile appearance at the right ischiopubic junction of a 10-year-old girl with renal cell carcinoma. Her ischiopubic synchondrosis had not shown high uptake and appeared closed 3 months earlier. A biopsy showed no evidence of metastatic tumor. The findings may be explained by a cycle of expansion, union, reopening, expansion, and repeat closure of the synchondrosis that has been described radiographically.
TCT-104 Does Direct Stenting with Drug-eluting Stents Improve Outcome? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of 10,513 Patients
Authors: Marco A. Magalhaes, Sa'ar Minha, Ricardo O. Escarcega, Michael J. Lipinski, Nevin C. Baker, Thibault Lhermusier, lakshmana Pendyala, Hideaki Ota, Wenjie Tian, Michelle Deville, Petros Okubagzi, Fang Chen, Rebecca Torguson, William O. Suddath, Itsik Ben Dor, Augusto Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Improvement in lacrimal and salivary secretions after alkali therapy in Sjogren's syndrome with renal tubular acidosis.
Authors: C T Flynn, T W Negus, J McHardy, D J Rainford
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Improvement in lacrimal and salivary secretions after alkali therapy in Sjogren's syndrome with renal tubular acidosis.A patient with Sj0gren's syndrome developed renal tubular acidosis which led to systemic acidosis and potassium depletion.Treatment with Shohl's solution and potassium supplements was followed by subjective improvement in tear flow, salivary flow, and by disappearance of bronchitic symptoms.Detailed objective assessments were then made during the next year, twice on treatment and twice without.These confirmed the subjective impression of improvement.
Treatment in clinical medicine. Gastrointestinal disease
Authors: M S Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1984)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Depressive Rumination (DR), which involves a repetitive focus on one’s distress, has been linked to alterations in functional connectivity of the ‘triple-network’, consisting of Default-Mode, Salience, and Executive Control networks. A structural basis for these functional alterations that can dually explain DR’s persistence as a stable trait remains unexplored, however. Using diffusion and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we investigated multimodal relationships between DR severity, white-matter microstructure, and resting-state functional connectivity in depressed adults, and then directly replicated our results in a phenotypically-matched, independent sample (total <i>N</i> = 78). Among the fully-replicated findings, DR severity was associated with: (a) global microstructure of the right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus and local microstructure of distributed primary-fiber and crossing-fiber white-matter; (b) an imbalance of functional connectivity segregation and integration of the triple-network; and (c) ‘multi-layer’ associations linking these microstructural and functional connectivity biomarkers to one another. Taken together, the results provide reproducible evidence for a multi-layer, microstructural-functional network model of rumination in the depressed brain.
Features and Prognostic Factors of Large Node-Negative Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancers Shifted to Stage II
Authors: Francesca Toffalorio, Davide Radice, Lorenzo Spaggiari, Valentina Sinno, Massimo Barberis, Gianluca Spitaleri, Monica Giovannini, Angelo Delmonte, Chiara Catania, Cristina Noberasco, Daniela Brambilla, Filippo de Braud, Giulia Veronesi, Piergiorgio Solli, Tommaso De Pas
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Interferon autoantibodies associated with AIRE deficiency decrease the expression of IFN-stimulated genes
Authors: Kai Kisand, Maire Link, Anette S. B. Wolff, Anthony Meager, Liina Tserel, Tõnis Org, Astrid Murumägi, Raivo Uibo, Nick Willcox, Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek, Tadej Battelino, Anna Lobell, Olle Kämpe, Kari Lima, Antonella Meloni, Berrin Ergun-Longmire, Noel K. Maclaren, Jaakko Perheentupa, Kai J. E. Krohn, Hamish S. Scott, Eystein S. Husebye, Pärt Peterson
Journal: Blood (2008)

Neutralizing autoantibodies to type I, but not type II, interferons (IFNs) are found at high titers in almost every patient with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), a disease caused by AIRE gene mutations that lead to defects in thymic T-cell selection. Combining genome-wide expression array with real time RT-PCR assays, we here demonstrate that antibodies against IFN-alpha cause highly significant down-regulation of interferon-stimulated gene expression in cells from APECED patients' blood by blocking their highly dilute endogenous IFNs. This down-regulation was lost progressively as these APECED cells matured in cultures without neutralizing autoantibodies. Most interestingly, a rare APECED patient with autoantibodies to IFN-omega but not IFN-alpha showed a marked increase in expression of the same interferon-stimulated genes. We also report unexpected increases in serum CXCL10 levels in APECED. Our results argue that the breakdown of tolerance to IFNs in AIRE deficiency is associated with impaired responses to them in thymus, and highlight APECED as another autoimmune disease with associated dysregulation of IFN activity.
An Endotracheal Tube With a Cellophane Cuff
Authors: Richard R. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE CONSCIOUS patient does not tolerate an endotracheal tube. The unconscious patient is often anesthetized more deeply than necessary for surgery, in order to prevent straining ("bucking") on the endotracheal tube. For many years, the vocal cords have been sprayed with local anesthetic to obtund the cough reflex. The effect lasts for less than one hour. With the advent of muscle relaxants, it was noted that many patients underventilated postoperatively, especially if administered narcotics. The development of pulmonary therapy has taught that many patients with various diseases die from hypoventilation. Patients who have undergone open heart surgery (split sternum), patients with barbiturate intoxication or severe pneumonias, or patients in an unconscious state may require assisted ventilation for several days for survival. Prolonged endotracheal intubation is required, and several methods are in use. The most widely used method has been to perform a tracheostomy, insert a cuffed tracheostomy tube, and mechanically
The John Phillips Memorial Lecture: Portal-systemic Collateral Circulation.
Authors: Jesse L. Bollman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964The John Phillips Memorial Lecture: Portal-systemic Collateral Circulation.Jesse L. Bollman, M.D.Jesse L. Bollman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-724_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe resistance of the hepatic capillaries maintains a constant pressure in the portal and mesenteric veins. Portal-systemic collateral circulation is not sufficiently developed to withstand acute portal occlusion, but complete occlusion may be gradually developed with the portal blood returning to the heart by collateral channels. Large esophageal varices do not develop in animals probably because their horizontal position affords only slight gravitational force to the incompetent veins. Animals will survive gradual complete occlusion of both the portal vein and the inferior vena cava.Dogs develop characteristic symptoms and survive only a few months if all of the portal blood... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jesse L. Bollman, M.D.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 724-724KeywordsBloodCapillariesHeartInferior vena cavaPortal veinsVeins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
YELLOW FEVER INOCULATION, LIKE BANQUO'S GHOST, WILL NOT DOWN.
Authors: J. McFADDEN GASTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

In the<i>Diario de Noticias</i>, of October 23, published iu Bahia, Brazil, there appears an article touching inoculation as a prophylactic against yellow fever. I have made a literal translation of it, and present it for the consideration of the medical profession in this country, without note or comment, as follows: "In the International Congress of Hygiene and Demography, of Buda-Pesth, assembled inl ast September, the question of yellow fever was discussed and Dr. Miranda de Azevedo, a delegate from our government, presented to the distinguished assembly the report of our illustrious citizen, Dr. Domingos Freire, whose investigations upon the etiology and prophylaxis of this disease are well known. "The Congress formed in this respect, the following conclusions: "1. It is a fact attained for science, thanks to the labors of Prof. Domingos Freire, supported by many physicians of Brazil and by observers of other countries, that a microbe (<i>cryptococcus</i>
Does intubation really equal death in cirrhotic patients? Factors influencing outcome in patients with liver cirrhosis requiring mechanical ventilation
Authors: Christian Rabe, Volker Schmitz, Michael Paashaus, Annemarie Musch, Helga Zickermann, Franz-Ludwig Dumoulin, Tilman Sauerbruch, WolfgangH. Caselmann
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Histological Grading of Adrenal and Extra-adrenal Pheochromocytomas and Relationship to Prognosis: A Clinicopathological Analysis of 116 Adrenal Pheochromocytomas and 30 Extra-adrenal Sympathetic Paragangliomas Including 38 Malignant Tumors
Authors: Noriko Kimura, Toshiya Watanabe, Takao Noshiro, Soichiro Shizawa, Yukio Miura
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2005)
Effect of gliadin and other food peptides on expression of MHC class II molecules by HT-29 cells.
Authors: T Mothes, U Bendix, C Pfannschmidt, I Lehmann
Journal: Gut (1995)

Expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules by enterocytes is known to be enhanced in coeliac disease and other disorders characterised by intestinal inflammation--an effect thought to be mediated via intestinal lymphocytes. To investigate if food peptides can exert direct effects on class II expression, the influence of gliadins, casein, and beta lactoglobulin on an intestinal epithelial cell line (HT-29) was examined in the absence of immune cells. Class II expression was determined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against the beta chain of all products of the gene subregions DR, DQ, and DP. MHC expression was low in HT-29 cells but could be stimulated by interferon gamma. Tryptin digested gliadin had no effect on class II expression. In the presence of interferon gamma, however, it was able to amplify MHC class II expression to mean (SEM) 150 (4)%. Casein exerted a similar effect (160 (14)%), but undigested gliadin, tryptin digested casein, and beta lactoglobulin had no influence. The observations suggest that within the concert of cytokine mediated interactions between enterocytes and lymphocytes, some dietary peptides could upregulate the presentation of food antigens, leading to a more efficient stimulation of lymphocytes, which in the case of coeliac disease might result in damage to the enterocytes.
Osteonecrosis of the jaw and bisphosphonates
Authors: Mark J Bolland, Andrew Grey, Ian R Reid
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The recent editorial by Landis et al has added confusion rather than clarity to the issue of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in association with the use of bisphosphonates.1 They do not distinguish between the use of very high doses of intravenous bisphosphonates (monthly pamidronate or zoledronate) to treat patients with malignancy, and the use of much lower doses of bisphosphonates (approximately 1/12 of the oncology dose) in the treatment of Paget's disease or osteoporosis. These two different uses of bisphosphonates have been associated with different risks …
Delivering Colloidal Nanoparticles to Mammalian Cells: A Nano-Bio Interface Perspective
Authors: Paolo Verderio, Svetlana Avvakumova, Giulia Alessio, Michela Bellini, Miriam Colombo, Elisabetta Galbiati, Serena Mazzucchelli, Jesus Peñaranda Avila, Benedetta Santini, Davide Prosperi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Understanding the behavior of multifunctional colloidal nanoparticles capable of biomolecular targeting remains a fascinating challenge in materials science with dramatic implications in view of a possible clinical translation. In several circumstances, assumptions on structure–activity relationships have failed in determining the expected responses of these complex systems in a biological environment. The present Review depicts the most recent advances about colloidal nanoparticles designed for use as tools for cellular nanobiotechnology, in particular, for the preferential transport through different target compartments, including cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus. Besides the conventional entry mechanisms based on crossing the cellular membrane, an insight into modern physical approaches to quantitatively deliver nanomaterials inside cells, such as microinjection and electro­poration, is provided. Recent hypotheses on how the nanoparticle structure and functionalization may affect the interactions at the nano–bio interface, which in turn mediate the nanoparticle internalization routes, are highlighted. In addition, some hurdles when this small interface faces the physiological environment and how this phenomenon can turn into different unexpected responses, are discussed. Finally, possible future developments oriented to synergistically tailor biological and chemical properties of nanoconjugates to improve the control over nanoparticle transport, which could open new scenarios in the field of nanomedicine, are addressed.
Singular and Plural Forms
Authors: C. R. Markivee
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In addition to the confusion of singular and plural forms described by William Dressler, MD, New York (LETTERS,<i>JAMA</i><b>191</b>:346 [Jan 25] 1965), I should like to mention the erroneous substitution of "opaque media" for "opaque medium," when only one radiopaque compound is commonly used at any one time.
Effect of c-kit ligand, stem cell factor, on mediator release by human intestinal mast cells isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and controls.
Authors: S C Bischoff, S Schwengberg, K Wordelmann, A Weimann, R Raab, M P Manns
Journal: Gut (1996)

The regulation of mediator release in human intestinal mast cells is largely unknown. Apart from IgE receptor crosslinking no secretagogues have been described so far. This study examined the effect of two cytokines (c-kit ligand and interleukin 3) and other agonists on human intestinal mast cell function. Cells were isolated from surgery specimens of 47 patients undergoing intestinal resection because of tumours or inflammatory bowel disease. Cell suspensions contained 3.6% mast cells (mean of 50 experiments). After preincubation without or with c-kit ligand or interleukin 3, cells were stimulated by IgE receptor crosslinking, C5a or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Histamine and sulphidoleukotriene release was measured in supernatants. The sequential stimulation of the cells with c-kit ligand and IgE receptor crosslinking induced the release of high amounts of histamine and leukotrienes, whereas each agonist by itself induced only marginal mediator release. Interleukin 3 induced no release by itself, but enhanced the IgE receptor dependent release, possibly by an indirect mechanism. No significant mediator release was seen in response to C5a and fMLP, even if the cells were pretreated with c-kit ligand. The mediator release, particularly that of leukotrienes, was higher in cells isolated from actively inflamed tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with controls. In conclusion, it was found that, apart from IgE receptor crosslinking, c-kit ligand and interleukin 3 regulate mediator release in human intestinal mast cells. The enhancement of mediator release by cytokines may be of particular relevance in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and food intolerance reactions.
F604S exchange in FIP1L1-PDGFRA enhances FIP1L1-PDGFRA protein stability via SHP-2 and SRC: a novel mode of kinase inhibitor resistance
Authors: S P Gorantla, K Zirlik, A Reiter, C Yu, A L Illert, N Von Bubnoff, J Duyster
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Undetectable High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Level in the Emergency Department and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nadia Bandstein, Rickard Ljung, Magnus Johansson, Martin J. Holzmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)

This study sought to evaluate if an undetectable (<5 ng/l) high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) level and an electrocardiogram (ECG) without signs of ischemia can rule out myocardial infarction (MI) in the emergency department (ED).Chest pain is a common symptom often associated with benign conditions, but may be a sign of MI. Because there is no rapid way to rule out MI, many patients are admitted to the hospital.All patients who sought medical attention for chest pain and had at least 1 hs-cTnT analyzed during 2 years at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, were included. We calculated the negative predictive values of an undetectable hs-cTnT and ECG without ischemia for MI and death within 30 days.We included 14,636 patients, of whom 8,907 (61%) had an initial hs-cTnT of <5 ng/l; 21% had 5 to 14 ng/l, and 18% had >14 ng/l. During 30-day follow-up, 39 (0.44%) patients with undetectable hs-cTnT had a MI, of whom 15 (0.17%) had no ischemic ECG changes. The negative predictive value for MI within 30 days in patients with undetectable hs-cTnT and no ischemic ECG changes was 99.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 99.7 to 99.9). The negative predictive value for death was 100% (95% CI: 99.9 to 100).All patients with chest pain who have an initial hs-cTnT level of <5 ng/l and no signs of ischemia on an ECG have a minimal risk of MI or death within 30 days, and can be safely discharged directly from the ED.
Renal and intestinal hexose transport in familial glucose-galactose malabsorption
Authors: Louis J. Elsas, Richard E. Hillman, Joseph H. Patterson, Leon E. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Glucose transport by jejunal mucosa in vitro and kidney in vivo was investigated in a 3 yr old patient with congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption, her family, and 16 normal volunteers. Glucose transport by normal human jejunal mucosa was concentrative, saturable, sodium and energy dependent, and exhibited competitive inhibition. Biopsy specimens from six normal controls and an asymptomatic 5 yr old brother of the proband accumulated glucose to concentrations 16 times that in the incubation medium. The proband's mucosa was unable to concentrate glucose throughout a 60 min incubation period. Both of her parents and a half sister demonstrated impaired glucose transport. Their values fell between normal and those of the proband. Influx of glucose was impaired but efflux of glucose from the mucosa of these three heterozygotes was identical with that in three normal controls. A kinetic analysis indicated a reduced capacity (V(max)), but a normal affinity (K(m)) for glucose transport by their intestinal mucosa. All subjects accumulated fructose similarly.Renal glucose transport was investigated using renal glucose titration techniques. A partial defect in renal glucose reabsorption was found in the proband. Her brother's titration curve was similar to that of seven normal volunteers. We conclude that familial glucose-galactose malabsorption is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, that heterozygotes for this disorder are detectable and demonstrate a reduced capacity for glucose transport, and that absent intestinal glucose transport is accompanied by partial impairment of renal glucose transport.