tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased FDG Uptake in Bilateral Adrenal Tuberculosis Appearing Like Malignancy
Authors: Ya-Jun Li, Li Cai, Hao-Ran Sun, Shuo Gao, Ren-Ju Bai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A case of isolated bilateral adrenal tuberculosis is presented. A 49-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to fatigue, progressive anorexia accompanied with nausea and vomiting, weight loss, and pigmentation. Ultrasound and CT showed soft tissue masses in bilateral adrenal glands. Whole-body FDG PET-CT showed bilateral adrenal masses with increased FDG uptake. These unique manifestations indicated that the masses were primary malignancies or tuberculosis. MRI demonstrated irregular low signal intensity in the left adrenal mass on T2WI, which suggested tuberculosis, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. This uncommon case underscores the necessity of keeping adrenal tuberculosis in mind as a possible differential diagnosis in bilateral adrenal masses.
HDAC inhibitors and decitabine are highly synergistic and associated with unique gene-expression and epigenetic profiles in models of DLBCL
Authors: Matko Kalac, Luigi Scotto, Enrica Marchi, Jennifer Amengual, Venkatraman E. Seshan, Govind Bhagat, Netha Ulahannan, Violetta V. Leshchenko, Alexis M. Temkin, Samir Parekh, Benjamin Tycko, Owen A. O'Connor
Journal: Blood (2011)
The-Twist Fracture Dislocation of the Patella
Authors: D. Glyn Millard, Theodore H. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

The female knee is a joint and not an entertainment.Percy Hammond, 1873–1936IN recent months a new body gyration, "the twist," has been introduced and enthusiastically accepted as a dance. It has been described as a sex-suggestive ritual in the form of an energetic torso-contorting dance and has been blamed as a menace to health and morals. This report concerns only the former implication. The dance is a potential source of dislocated joints, slipped intervertebral disks, knee injuries and muscle sprains. It is the purpose of this brief report to describe a case of a fracture dislocation of the . . .
The Relation between Electrocardiographic Evidence of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease
Authors: JOHN B. JOHNSON, M. IRENÉ FERRER, JOHN R. WEST, ANDRÉ COURNAND
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Detection of right ventricular hypertrophy during life has often been exceedingly difficult. In a group of 40 patients with pulmonary artery hypertension either at rest or during exercise, in whom right ventricular hypertrophy of varying degree could therefore be anticipated, an attempt is made to correlate the pulmonary hypertension and the electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy.
Myocardial Revascularization
Authors: Donald Brian Effler
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE SURGICAL treatment of ischemic heart disease is not new. Omentopexy, epicardiectomy, poudrage, and various types of neurectomy or sympathectomy were introduced prior to World War II. Perhaps the most exotic procedure introduced in this early era was the internal mammary implant procedure proposed by Vineberg<sup>1</sup>of Montreal. Generally speaking, these surgical procedures intended for the coronary patient evoked limited enthusiasm from the profession at large. This initial era of revascularization surgery failed primarily because the diagnostic procedures of the time were inadequate, both for (1) proper case selection and (2) worthwhile assessment of the patient who did survive a given surgical procedure. The current era of revascularization surgery follows the introduction of selective coronary arteriography. In 1958, Sones and Shirey<sup>2</sup>demonstrated the feasibility of selective coronary arteriography by combining the image intensifier and catheter injection of both the right and the left coronary ostia. With refinement, Sones'
High optical density of liquor amnii
Authors: C. R. Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDICALJOTRNALwas isolated from one of these and this animal was therefore also sold on the open market.Further samples at this stage were negative, and over the following months a series of doubt- ful positive M.R.T.s culminating in a single positive guinea-pig were the only results of much hard work.The positive test obtained through the guinea-pig was of course useless owing to the time interval, for the law requires action within 42 days.The discovery of more strongly positive M.R.T.s, together with the history of the herd, determined the medical officer of health to take action.Accordingly a pasteurization order was imposed and fortunately Br. abortus was cultured a day or two later, confirming the justice of the order.At the end of 12 months the balance-sheet read as follows: On the debit side the labora- tory had, in the course of the year, examined some 500 specimens from the farm.This
Role of molecular charge in disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension.
Authors: W G Mayhan, F M Faraci, J L Siems, D D Heistad
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Acute hypertension disrupts the blood-brain barrier and may neutralize the negative charge on cerebral endothelium. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of molecular charge on permeability of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension. Intravital fluorescent microscopy and fluorescein-labeled dextrans were used to evaluate disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension in rats. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier was quantitated by calculating clearance of neutral dextran and of anionic dextran sulfate in two groups of rats. Pressure in pial venules, which are the primary site of disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension, was measured using a servo-null device. When systemic arterial pressure was increased from 87 +/- 5 (mean +/- SEM) to 188 +/- 5 mm Hg, clearance of neutral dextran increased from 0.04 +/- 0.01 to 4.38 +/- 0.72 ml/sec x 10(-6). When systemic arterial pressure was increased from 91 +/- 4 to 181 +/- 3 mm Hg, clearance of anionic dextran sulfate increased from 0.02 +/- 0.01 to only 0.70 +/- 0.23 ml/sec x 10(-6). Increases in pial venular pressure were similar in the two groups. Thus, similar increases in systemic arterial pressure and pial venular pressure during acute hypertension produce less disruption of the blood-brain barrier to anionic dextran sulfate than neutral dextran. The findings suggest that 1) the net negative charge of cerebral vessels may be preserved during acute hypertension, and 2) molecular charge is an important determinant of the severity of disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension.
Glargine and Lispro
Authors: Marcy A. Adlersberg, Surani Fernando, Geralyn R. Spollett, Silvio E. Inzucchi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Insulin glargine (Lantus; Aventis, Parsippany, NJ) is a recently available basal insulin analog that appears to have a more consistent activity profile than comparable long-acting insulin products (1). It is typically administered as a single injection before bedtime. Due to minor modification of the amino acid sequence in both the A- and B-chains of the insulin molecule, glargine is soluble only in an acidic pH (2). When injected, glargine precipitates in the neutral pH of subcutaneous tissues, prolonging its systemic absorption (2). Clinical trials have demonstrated that compared with NPH insulin, glargine improves fasting glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes (3) and results in less nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with both type 1 (4) and type 2 (5) diabetes. It may be particularly useful in individuals who demonstrate labile blood glucose control with conventional insulin formulations. One immediately obvious difference between glargine and other long- (or intermediate-) acting insulins is that the product is a clear solution, similar to short-acting products, not a semi-opaque suspension. To avoid confusion …
The Value of the Forced Expiratory Time in the Physical Diagnosis of Obstructive Airways Disease
Authors: Ralph M. Schapira
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the test characteristics of the forced expiratory time (FET) in the diagnosis of obstructive airways disease. <h3>Design.</h3> —A cross-sectional diagnostic test study. The FET of 400 subjects was measured by a physician examiner and was compared with the criterion standard of spirometry. In a second sample of 100 subjects, the FET was measured by pairs of physician examiners to evaluate interexaminer agreement. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A pulmonary function test laboratory at a tertiary care hospital that receives referrals for preoperative evaluations, acute and chronic pulmonary disease, and occupational lung disease. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A consecutive sample of patients who were referred to the pulmonary function laboratory from primary care internists, pulmonary physicians, and surgeons. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —None. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The sensitivity and specificity of the FET in the diagnosis of obstructive airways disease at cutoff values ranging from 2 to 14 seconds. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the FET. Likelihood ratio lines were determined using a logistic regression model adjusting for the subjects age. Interexaminer agreement was evaluated with a κ statistic. <h3>Results.</h3> —Using the FET maneuver with a cutoff value of 6 seconds will correctly diagnose the greatest number of subjects with obstructive airways disease. The FET maneuver is more discriminating for subjects 60 years or older compared with younger subjects. The positive likelihood ratio for a subject aged 60 years or older with an FET of 4 to 6 seconds is 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24 to 0.73); of 6 to 8 seconds, 2.19 (95% Cl, 1.02 to 4.80); and of greater than 8 seconds, 4.08 (95% CI, 2.54 to 6.79). The κ statistic for interexaminer agreement is 0.70. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The FET demonstrates moderately good performance as a diagnostic test for obstructive airways disease. The value of the test will depend on the pretest probability of disease and the clinical circumstances in which it is used. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:731-736)
Allogeneic platelet transfusions prevent murine T-cell–mediated immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Li Guo, Lei Yang, Edwin R. Speck, Rukhsana Aslam, Michael Kim, Christopher G. J. McKenzie, Alan H. Lazarus, Heyu Ni, Ming Hou, John Freedman, John W. Semple
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Supermeds: How the Big Business of Medicine Is Endangering Our Health Care
Authors: Donald L. Madison
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In 1906, when Theodore Roosevelt borrowed a metaphor from<i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>to warn against unbalanced reporting, he coined the name for a journalistic tradition. The most tenacious investigative reporters of that day became known as the "muckrakers," after Bunyan's description of "the man with the muckrake." Among the targets of these reporters, many were medical "businesses." The first was the patent medicine industry, which Samuel Hopkins Adams exposed in a series of magazine articles that helped to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act. More than 100 000 reprints of Adams' articles were distributed by the American Medical Association, which also began running its own exposés of nostrums and quacks in a regular column in<i>JAMA</i>, "The Propaganda for Reform." Another report in the muckraking tradition was Abraham Flexner's<i>Bulletin Number Four</i>, with its attack on proprietary medical schools. From the 1930s through the mid-1960s, a period when organized medicine's
Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Eisenmenger??s Syndrome Detected by First-Pass Study
Authors: CHINORI KURATA, KAZUYUKI SAKATA, TAKAHISA TAGUCHI, YOSHIHIRO FUKUMOTO, TERUMOTO FUKUCHI, AKIRA KOBAYASHI, NOBORU YAMAZAKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The case of a 20-year-old man with patent ductus arteriosus complicated with Eisenmenger's syndrome is described. Radionuclide angiocardiography characterized the abnormal pattern of blood flow through the central circulation to establish a diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus with a significant right-to-left shunt, which had not been indicated by other clinical findings
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON THE URINARY TRACT
Authors: HARRY P. LEE
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Pregnancy causes definite and marked changes in the urinary tract. The most striking change consists of a dilatation of the ureter and kidney pelvis, usually more marked on the right side; this phenomenon is so common that it might well be said to be a normal concomitant of the pregnant state.  Probably the most widely recognized articles on the urinary tract of pregnancy are the papers by Hofbauer1and by Duncan and Seng2published in 1928. Hofbauer, working on ureters taken from women dying during pregnancy, showed by histologic methods that there was hypertrophy and hyperplasia of muscle and fibrous tissue of the ureter and the periureteral sheath, the greatest change taking place in the lower portion of the ureter, and from this he reasoned that there was produced an obstructive process which would account for the ureteral dilatation. Dugald Baird3recently has confirmed this finding but
THE NONDIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF CHRONIC β-BLOCKER TREATMENT ON LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND MYOCARDIAL GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: Biykem Bozkurt, Mariana Bolos, Maithili Shenoy, Haby Henary, Lance K. Gould
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effects of Varying Approaches for Identifying Respiratory Disturbances on Sleep Apnea Assessment
Authors: SUSAN REDLINE, VISHESH K. KAPUR, MARK H. SANDERS, STUART F. QUAN, DANIEL J. GOTTLIEB, DAVID M. RAPOPORT, WILLIAM H. BONEKAT, PHILIP L. SMITH, JAMES P. KILEY, CONRAD IBER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Varying approaches to measuring the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) may lead to discrepant estimates of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). In this study, we assessed the impact of varying the use of corroborative data (presence and degree of desaturation and/or arousal) to identify hypopneas and apneas. The relationships among 10 RDIs defined by various definitions of apneas and hypopneas were assessed in 5,046 participants in the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) who underwent overnight unattended 12-channel polysomnography (PSG). The magnitude of the median RDI varied 10-fold (i.e., 29.3 when the RDI was based on events identified on the basis of flow or volume amplitude criteria alone to 2.0 for an RDI that required an associated 5% desaturation with events). The correlation between RDIs based on different definitions ranged from 0.99 to 0.68. The highest correlations were among RDIs that required apneas and hypopneas to be associated with some level of desaturation. Lower correlations were observed between RDIs that required desaturation as compared with RDIs defined on the basis of amplitude criteria alone or associated arousal. These data suggest that different approaches for measuring the RDI may contribute to substantial variability in identification and classification of the disorder. Redline S, Kapur VK, Sanders MH, Quan SF, Gottlieb DJ, Rapoport DM, Bonekat WH, Smith PL, Kiley JP, Iber C. Effects of varying approaches for identifying respiratory disturbances on sleep apnea assessment.
Oral decontamination for prevention of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adults: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ee Yuee Chan, Annie Ruest, Maureen O Meade, Deborah J Cook
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effect of oral decontamination on the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia and mortality in mechanically ventilated adults. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, trials registers, reference lists, conference proceedings, and investigators in the specialty. <b>Review methods</b> Two independent reviewers screened studies for inclusion, assessed trial quality, and extracted data. Eligible trials were randomised controlled trials enrolling mechanically ventilated adults that compared the effects of daily oral application of antibiotics or antiseptics with no prophylaxis. <b>Results</b> 11 trials totalling 3242 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among four trials with 1098 patients, oral application of antibiotics did not significantly reduce the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (relative risk 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 1.18). In seven trials with 2144 patients, however, oral application of antiseptics significantly reduced the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (0.56, 0.39 to 0.81). When the results of the 11 trials were pooled, rates of ventilator associated pneumonia were lower among patients receiving either method of oral decontamination (0.61, 0.45 to 0.82). Mortality was not influenced by prophylaxis with either antibiotics (0.94, 0.73 to 1.21) or antiseptics (0.96, 0.69 to 1.33) nor was duration of mechanical ventilation or stay in the intensive care unit. <b>Conclusions</b> Oral decontamination of mechanically ventilated adults using antiseptics is associated with a lower risk of ventilator associated pneumonia. Neither antiseptic nor antibiotic oral decontamination reduced mortality or duration of mechanical ventilation or stay in the intensive care unit.
Lipoma of the external thoracic wall
Authors: MA Sulzer, R Goei, EC Bollen, PH Theunissen, FP Maesen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

We report the case history of an external thoracic wall lipoma, which was noticed incidentally on a chest roentgenogram because of its calcification. A probable diagnosis was made by computer tomography. Because of the increase in size of the tumour it was removed surgically, but no evidence of malignant degeneration was found.
20 Hanover Square, London W1: first home of The Royal Society of Medicine
Authors: A. K Adams
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Today Hanover Square, in the heart of Mayfair, is an entirely commercial area surrounded by buildings in every style from the 18th to the 20th centuries. It is hard to imagine it as one of the first Georgian squares to have been built in the 1720s in the West End of London. Only two houses, numbers 20 and 24, survive with their original facades and both are preserved as grade II listed buildings, though number 20 lost its elegant proportions with the addition of an extra storey at a later date. Number 20 is a very important house in the history of the medical profession in London. For over 110 years it was in the possession of a medical institution—first the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society (RMCS), then its successor, The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM). It became the meeting place for many of the specialist societies that emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, and within its walls many advances in knowledge and practice were first announced. It was only in 2001 that the RSM sold it, bringing to an end this long and venerable connection.

The histories of the two societies have been written before, 1,2 most recently by Hunting3 who tells us how important 20 Hanover Square was to both societies. The RMCS first rented rooms in Gray's Inn within the City of London. It was not alone amongst professional institutions to migrate west; this was a common pattern from the end of the 17th until well into the 19th century. The residences in Mayfair and Belgravia were built by the aristocracy on their own land and, as they continued to move further from the City, so members of the professional classes moved into the houses they vacated.
Benign familial hematuria due to mutation of the type IV collagen alpha4 gene.
Authors: H H Lemmink, W N Nillesen, T Mochizuki, C H Schröder, H G Brunner, B A van Oost, L A Monnens, H J Smeets
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Benign familial hematuria (BFH) is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, thinning of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and normal renal function. It is frequent in patients with persistent microscopic hematuria, but cannot be clinically differentiated from the initial stages of Alport syndrome, a severe GBM disorder which progresses to renal failure. We present here linkage of benign familial hematuria with the COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes at 2q35-37 (Zmax = 3.58 at theta = 0.0). Subsequently, a glycine to glutamic acid substitution was identified in the collagenous region of the COL4A4 gene. We conclude that type IV collagen defects cause both benign hematuria and Alport syndrome. Furthermore, our data suggest that BFH patients can be carriers of autosomal recessive Alport syndrome.
Association between liberalization of Scotland's liquor licensing laws and admissions for self poisoning in West Fife.
Authors: D B Northridge, J McMurray, A A Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Data were collected prospectively on 2868 consecutive patients admitted for self poisoning between 1971 and 1982. Analysis showed a dramatic increase in the frequency of alcohol taken in association with self poisoning, in both sexes, after the liberalization of Scotland's liquor licensing laws. This increase, however, did not appear to affect the severity of overdoses or the outcome. Total admission rates for self poisoning increased with relaxation of the liquor licensing laws, and since overdoses associated with alcohol tend to occur at night these impose considerable strain on casualty departments and acute admitting units.
The Trouble with Rationing
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Suddenly everyone is talking about rationing. First brought to public attention in this country by Schwartz and Aaron's study of the allocation of hospital services in the United Kingdom,1 , 2 rationing is now widely advocated as the only effective way to control health care costs.The argument goes like this: An aging and growing population, rising public expectations, and the continual introduction of new and expensive forms of technology generate a virtually unlimited demand for medical services, which inevitably exhausts the resources we are willing and able to devote to health care. Sooner or later we will be forced to limit . . .
Effective prevention of thrombocytopenia in mice using adenovirus-mediated transfer of HST-1 (FGF-4) gene.
Authors: H Konishi, T Ochiya, H Sakamoto, M Tsukamoto, I Saito, T Muto, T Sugimura, M Terada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

HST-1 (FGF-4) gene product is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family with a signal peptide and plays a crucial role in limb development. We showed previously that an intraperitoneal injection of replication-deficient adenovirus containing the HST-1 gene (Adex1HST-1) into normal mice caused a twofold increase in peripheral platelet count. To investigate whether Adex1HST-1 could effectively prevent experimentally induced thrombocytopenia in mice, we injected Adex1HST-1 intraperitoneally into thrombocytopenic mice induced by administration of a chemotherapeutic agent and/or by irradiation. A single Adex1HST-1 injection caused continuously increased levels of serum HST-1 protein for at least 30 d and increased the count of large megakaryocytes in bone marrow, which specifically recovered platelet counts and more efficiently diminished the extent and duration of thrombocytopenia than any other reported cytokine or any combination of cytokines so far. In the other peripheral hematological parameters, no discernible differences were detected. No other apparent side effects were observed. Therefore, this method could be useful for treatment and/or prevention of thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy and/or irradiation for cancer treatment.