tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in primary biliary cirrhosis: Analysis of activation and blastogenesis of autoreactive T lymphocytes
Authors: Keith D. Lindor, Russell H. Wiesner, Rolland E. Dickson, Henry A. Homburger
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Blastogenesis of autoreactive T lymphocytes in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction has been shown to be decreased in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, but the mechanisms underlying this abnormality are not known. To investigate further the abnormal autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in primary biliary cirrhosis, we measured the activation of autoreactive helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes concurrently with blastogenesis in 35 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 18 healthy controls. Blastogenesis was diminished in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction cultures from primary biliary cirrhosis patients compared to the control subjects (25,273 ± 20,259 dpm vs. 36,004 ± 14,951 dpm, p &lt; 0.02), but cultures from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis contained significantly increased percentages of activated helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes: 20.6 ± 7.9 vs. 15.5 ± 5.3%, p &lt; 0.008, and 9.8 ± 7.8 vs. 5.4 ± 3.0%, p &lt; 0.02, respectively. These findings were not related to the histologic stage of liver disease or to the serum bilirubin concentration and were not associated with abnormalities of lymphocyte subsets in fresh peripheral blood specimens. We conclude that the percentage of autoreactive T lymphocytes in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction cultures from peripheral blood is increased in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and diminished blastogenesis in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction cultures is not due to the loss of autoreactive T lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Diminished blastogenesis reflects a diminished proliferative response of activated, autoreactive T lymphocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis. Possible mechanisms that may account for the paradoxical findings of decreased blastogenesis and increased activation of autoreactive T lymphocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis are discussed.
Evaluation of Galectin-3 Levels in Acute Coronary Syndrome and its Relation with the Burden of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Esra Gucuk Ipek, Senay Akin Suljevic, Habibe Kafes, Funda Basyigit, Neslihan Karalok, Yesim Guray, Lale Dinc Asarcikli, Haydar Demirel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Clinical features of diphtheria in the respiratory tract
Authors: R. A. Dobie
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Clinical features of 44 culture-confirmed cases of diphtheria involving the respiratory tract treated at the University of Washington and affiliated hospitals in Seattle over a five-year period were studied. Of 42 patients treated primarily in Seattle, five (11.9%) died; nonfatal, toxin-induced complications occurred in seven (16.7%). Airway obstruction was the most common cause of death in this series. Diphtheritic membrane (especially in the larynx), dyspnea, and leukocytosis were dire prognostic signs. We urge indirect laryngoscopyin all cases showing membrane formation; tracheotomy should be considered when laryngeal membrane is present. Diphtheria should be suspected in any patient with pharyngitis who has been in contact with endemic areas, especially when pharyngeal membrane is present.
Contraction of Smooth Muscle With Blood of Patients With Ulcers
Authors: Anthony Geisel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The blood of patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer confirmed by x-ray film was tested on a strip of guinea pig ileum. The height of contraction of the ileum as well as the latent period are expressed as the ratio between these two values and the contraction and latent period to 1μg of serotinin creatine sulfate. In about 90% (116) of the group with peptic ulcer, contractions were high and latent periods were short as compared with normal controls in whom there were no or small contractions and prolonged latent periods. Chemistry and origin of this factor are being investigated.
Behcet's syndrome and autoimmunity.
Authors: T. Lehner
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The aetiology of Behcet's syndrome has long been disputed. Beh?et (1937) first suggested a viral hypothesis on the basis of finding inclusion bodies in scrapings from the ulcers. Sezer (1953, 1956) claimed to have isolated a virus from these patients and to have reproduced the disease, and showed a strongly positive complement-fixation reaction in other patients with Behcet's syndrome. Evans et al. (1957) also grew a virus, and they showed the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the serum of patients with this disease, but not in control sera. Recently Mortada and Imam (1964) also grew a virus from one patient, but numerous other workers have failed to do so. The literature has been reviewed by Dudgeon (1961) and Dowling (1961). Oshima et al. (1963) and Shimizu et al. (1965) have raised the possibility that an autoimmune mechanism may play a part in the pathogenesis of Behcet's syndrome. They showed con vincingly in a large series of patients that there is a rise of serum globulin and sialic acid. They have also demonstrated the presence of autoantibodies against oral mucosa by the tanned red cell haemagglutination technique. In an immuno fluorescent investigation they claim to have shown significant fluorescence of the cytoplasm of peripheral blood leucocytes and of cells from the oral ulcers. While evidence of an auto immune reaction does not disprove the viral hypothesis it could be important not only from the aetiological point of view but also in understanding the pattern of the disease and of its response to treatment. The aim of this investigation was to carry out the haem agglutination, complement-fixation, and Ouchterlony's precipita tion test against foetal oral mucosa in 21 patients with Behcet's syndrome, as described by Lehner (1964, 1965) for a series of patients with recurrent oral ulc?ration. Furthermore, an attempt was made to differentiate the oral ulcers in Behcet's syndrome and to compare them with those of recurrent focal oral ulc?ration.
The effect of Fel d 1‐derived T‐cell peptides on upper and lower airway outcome measurements in cat‐allergic subjects
Authors: C. Alexander, M. Tarzi, M. Larché, A. B. Kay
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: We previously showed that overlapping Fel d 1‐derived T‐cell peptides inhibited surrogate markers of allergy (i.e. early and late‐phase skin reactions and T‐cell function) in cat allergic subjects. The present pilot study was designed to determine whether this treatment affected clinically relevant outcome measurements such as the allergen‐induced nasal and bronchial reactions, and asthma/rhinitis quality of life (QOL). Methods: Sixteen cat‐allergic asthmatic subjects who gave a dual (early and late) asthmatic response (DAR) to inhaled cat allergen were randomly assigned to receive either Fel d 1 peptides (approximately 300 μ g in increasing, divided doses) or placebo (8 active : 8 placebo). Twelve single early responders (SER) were also studied in an open fashion design. Allergen‐induced bronchial and nasal measurements as well as the QOL was measured at baseline, 4–8 weeks (follow‐up 1 (FU1)) and 3–4 months (FU2). Results: In the active, but not placebo, group there were significant decreases in the late asthmatic reaction (LAR) to whole cat dander ( P = 0.03) at FU2 but with no between group difference. There were also significant improvements in asthma quality of life (QOL) scores [asthma‐activity limitation ( P = 0.014); rhinitis‐sleep ( P = 0.024), non‐nose/non‐eye symptoms ( P = 0.031), nasal problems ( P = 0.015)]. In the open study Fel d 1 peptide treatment resulted in significant decreases in number of sneezes ( P = 0.05), weight of nasal secretions ( P = 0.04) and nasal blockage ( P = 0.01) following allergen challenge. Conclusions: Multiple, short, overlapping Fel d 1 T‐cell peptides have potential for inhibiting upper and lower airway outcome measurements in cat allergic patients. Larger, dose‐ranging, studies are required before firm conclusions on clinical efficacy of peptide allergen therapy can be made.
Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Related to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Real-life Practice in France: A Comprehensive Population Study
Authors: Bertrand Lukacs, Jean-Nicolas Cornu, Mounir Aout, Natacha Tessier, Christophe Hodée, François Haab, Olivier Cussenot, Yvon Merlière, Véronique Moysan, Eric Vicaut
Journal: European Urology (2013)
IMPACT OF THE RED DRESS CAMPAIGN® ON INCIDENCE, MORTALITY, AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN WOMEN
Authors: Liliana Cohen, Liana M. Spano-Brennan, Dwithiya K. Thomas, Sampada K. Gandhi, William J. Kostis, John B. Kostis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Pharmacokinetic studies of taurine in bovine Purkinje fibers.
Authors: S I Baskin, P T Zaydon, Z V Kendrick, T C Katz, P L Orr
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is found in high concentrations in the heart, particularly in Purkinje fibers. We studied the transport of taurine in Purkinje fibers that were excised rapidly from the heart and placed in a vessel containing oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution (37 degrees C). After equilibration, 4.4 x 10(-6)M radiolabeled taurine[14C] was added to the bath. A computer compartmental analysis of the uptake and efflux indicated the presence of two pools for uptake--a pool with a rapid kinetics K1 (t1/2 = 0.80 min) and K2 (t1/2 = 176.30 min). These studies suggest that Purkinje fibers have the capacity to transport taurine rapidly. Michaelis-Menten procedures showed the presence of a high affinity and a low affinity transport process. Guanidinotaurine, at a 10:1 ratio, had no appreciable effect on taurine uptake, but 3-aminopropane phosphonic acid decreased taurine uptake by 42.7%. Ouabain and acetylstrophanthidin (10(-5) M) inhibited taurine uptake (K1) by 34% and 73%, respectively. The inhibition of the rapid component of taurine uptake suggests that K1 is an energy-linked process possibly requiring Na+,K+-ATPase. Taurine uptake in a calcium-free medium was decreased by 58%. Verapamil (6 x 10(-6) M) decreased taurine uptake by 42%. Tetrodotoxin (3.4 x 10(-5) M) decreased taurine uptake by 51%. The requirement of calcium and sodium for taurine uptake suggests an important relationship between taurine, calcium, and sodium in the function of fibers in the cardiac conducting system.
More physician involvement in future Olympic programs
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

As the 1980 Olympics approach, some medical preparations already are under way for the 1984 Games. "The Olympics no longer can be a quadrennial affair," says Irving I. Dardik, MD, chairman of the Council on Sports Medicine for the US Olympic Committee. "Instead of waiting until shortly before the 1984 games to begin another Olympic medical support effort, we are planning a continuing program over the intervening years, involving more physicians than ever before, to benefit American athletes generally." Two days after the close of the Winter Games, Dardik will help direct the first Olympic Sports Medicine Conference (Feb 26 through 29) in Boston. There some of the medical plans for the 1984 games will be discussed with attending physicians, some of whom will have been at the Lake Placid, NY, games. In the meantime, the US Olympic Committee has established an athletic training and research center on a 50-acre
Hyperbolas and hyperbole: The free will problem remains
Authors: Bruce Bridgeman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Hyperbolic theories have the fatal flaw that because of their vertical asymptote they predict irresistible choice of immediate rewards, regardless of future contingencies. They work only for simple situations. Theories incorporating intermediate unconscious choices are more flexible, but are neither exponential nor hyperbolic in their predictions. They don't solve the free will paradox, which may be just a consistent illusion.
Inositol and Mannitol Hexanitrates in Hypertension Management
Authors: LIONEL M. BERNSTEIN, A. C. IVY
Journal: Circulation (1955)

This clinical study was undertaken because the clinical literature dealing with the use of mannitol and inositol hexanitrate and to a large extent other nitrites and nitrates which have been used in the management of hypertension fails to consider the development of tolerance. It was found that tolerance to the vasodilator action of mannitol and inositol nitrate develops in from 8 to 14 days and is lost completely within 10 days after withdrawal of the drug. The use of these nitrates should be carefully individualized by determining the optimal dose and the period required for the development and loss of tolerance.
Bound for the brain
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

![Graphic][1] 

Neisseria (black) lodge in capillaries (arrow) but not arterioles (arrowhead). In a fast moving river, your chances of making it safely to the river bank are small. Similarly, a report by Mairey and colleagues, on page 

[1939][2], reveals that invading Neisseria
Progress in the Reprogramming of Somatic Cells
Authors: Tianhua Ma, Min Xie, Timothy Laurent, Sheng Ding
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into nearly all types of cells in the body. This unique potential provides significant promise for cell-based therapies to restore tissues or organs destroyed by injuries, degenerative diseases, aging, or cancer. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers a possible strategy to generate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. However, because of concerns about the specificity, efficiency, kinetics, and safety of iPSC reprogramming, improvements or fundamental changes in this process are required before their effective clinical use. A chemical approach is regarded as a promising strategy to improve and change the iPSC process. Dozens of small molecules have been identified that can functionally replace reprogramming factors and significantly improve iPSC reprogramming. In addition to the prospect of deriving patient-specific tissues and organs from iPSCs, another attractive strategy for regenerative medicine is transdifferentiation—the direct conversion of one somatic cell type to another. Recent studies revealed a new paradigm of transdifferentiation: using transcription factors used in iPSC generation to induce transdifferentiation or called iPSC transcription factor–based transdifferentiation. This type of transdifferentiation not only reveals and uses the developmentally plastic intermediates generated during iPSC reprogramming but also produces a wide range of cells, including expandable tissue-specific precursor cells. Here, we review recent progress of small molecule approaches in the generation of iPSCs. In addition, we summarize the new concept of iPSC transcription factor–based transdifferentiation and discuss its application in generating various lineage-specific cells, especially cardiovascular cells.
Increased nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 Messenger RNA Expression and Absence of Mutations in Colon Carcinomas of Low and High Metastatic Potential
Authors: Lois L. Myeroff, Sanford D. Markowitz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Increased nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 Messenger RNA Expression and Absence of Mutations in Colon Carcinomas of Low and High Metastatic Potential Get access Lois L. Myeroff, Lois L. Myeroff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sanford D. Markowitz Sanford D. Markowitz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 2, 20 January 1993, Pages 147–152, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.2.147 Published: 20 January 1993
The Hopeless Case
Authors: Sherwood P. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —In the Sept 29, 1962, issue of The Journal (181:1099) Dr. Frank J. Ayd, Jr., argues that there is a time when physicians should make the prudent and balanced  which leads them to stop attempting to prolong the life of a dying patient. Suffice it to say this decision may not be an easy one to arrive at and can tax the good judgement of the most skilled physicians. There are some who would argue that any attempt to treat the patient with widespread painful and incurable cancer is merely prolonging his death. The subject has been widely discussed by medical and lay persons, as is evident from Dr. Ayd's bibliography. However, one point of paramount importance which he has omitted to discuss is the actual feeling of the patient and his family. After several years of experience in treating these patients, I can say
Onset of Penicillin Rashes: Relation between Type of Penicillin Administered and Type of Immune Reactivity
Authors: P. de Haan, D. P. Bruynzkel, W. G. van Ketel
Journal: Allergy (1986)

In 90 patients with clinical symptoms of penicillin allergy, the onset of the skin reaction was related lo the type of penicillin administered (small‐ or broad‐spectrum) and to the type of immune reactivity Early onset reactions (urticaria, Quincke's edema, Arthus‐reactions) were frequently seen after the use of benzylpenicillin. while late onset reactions, mostly macular papular rashes, were mainly seen after the use of aminopenicillins. The clinical symptoms of penicillin hypersensitivity were not related to one single of immunological (cellular or humoral) reactivity.
STUDIES ON LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
Authors: Geoffrey Rake, Helen P. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

Toxins, which resemble in most respects bacterial endotoxins, are associated with the agents of lymphogranuloma venereum, meningopneumonitis, and mouse pneumonitis as they grow in the yolk sac of the chick embryo. They are labile and are not readily separated from the bodies of the agent. They kill mice rapidly after intravenous, and in some cases after intraperitoneal, injection but the minimal lethal dose is relatively large and, in those freshly harvested yolk sacs which have been tested, has corresponded to about 36 million infective units. Characteristic lesions are produced in all mice except those which die very rapidly, and are found especially in the liver where necrosis of the midzone of the lobule occurs. Antitoxic sera which are effective against a few lethal doses of the toxin can be produced in rabbits or chickens by using either toxin or toxoid as antigen. Such sera behave in a manner analogous to antiendotoxins against bacterial endotoxins and they do not neutralize by the law of multiple proportions. Antitoxic sera can also be obtained from human beings convalescent from at least one of these diseases. The toxins and antitoxins appear to be highly specific and they may offer a useful tool in distinguishing between different members of this closely interrelated group.
A common antigenic determinant found in two functionally unrelated toxins.
Authors: J Gariepy, P O'Hanley, S A Waldman, F Murad, G K Schoolnik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The heat-stable enterotoxin ST Ib produced by enterotoxigenic E. coli strains shares a sequence homology with the sea snail neurotoxin, conotoxin GI. Rabbit antisera were raised against synthetic analogs of these toxins and to a six-residue peptide representing the region common to both toxins. Results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicate that the homologous region of both toxins represents part of their antigenic site. The lack of cross-reactivity exhibited by the six-residue common domain with serum directed against either toxin suggests that this region probably retains a similar conformation in the intact toxins but not in the isolated fragment.
A6.7 Alterations in Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Patients with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s): An Observational Study: Abstract A6.7 Table 1
Authors: Julia Uceda, Rosalía Martinez, María L Velloso, José L Marenco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NFC), allows for the detection of changes in microcirculation. In the granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) the existence of a defined pattern has not been found. <h3>Objectives</h3> The main objective of our study was to detect the possible existence of a defined pattern in the microcirculation of the nailfold capillaries of patients with GPA. The second objective was to investigate the possible correlation between abnormalities found and systemic involvement. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified 10 patients with a current mean age of 55.7 ± 16.5 years and predominantly female (60%). The mean age at diagnosis was 49.4 years. 70% had upper respiratory tract involvement, the same percentage had pulmonary involvement (cavitated nodules or alveolar haemorrhage), the cutaneous manifestations such as purpura or necrotic ulcers were present in 70%. About 40% had renal involvement (renal failure, proliferative glomerulonephritis), and 40% had peripheral neurological involvement. NFC was carried out by the same rheumatologist, on fingers 3 through to 5 of both hands using a ZUZI videocapillaroscopy, trinocular, dual illumination and zoom of 1 X 4 X. <h3>Results</h3> Abnormalities of the microcirculation of nailfold capillaries were found in 8 of the 10 patients. Among the patients with this pathological microcirculation, 62.5% had structural alterations (tortuous capillaries), 50% presented with micro-haemorrhage (single or multiple), avascular areas were found in 37.5% and 75% showed lower capillary density. Neither capillary dilation nor the formation of new vessels were detected within the sample of patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have observed, more frequent bleeding, avascular areas and reduced capillary density and these findings were not related with any specific organ involvement. There is one only study in GPA which communicates a high percentage of avascular areas. [1] <h3>Reference</h3> Anders HJ, Haedecke C, Sigl T, Krüger K. Avascular areas on nailfold capillary microscopy of Patients with Wegeners granulomatosis. <i>Clin Rheumatol</i>. 2000, 19(2):86–8.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Its Cofactor Vitronectin Stabilize Arterial Thrombi After Vascular Injury in Mice
Authors: Stavros Konstantinides, Katrin Schäfer, Therese Thinnes, David J. Loskutoff
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The origin and contribution of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and its cofactor vitronectin (VN) to arterial thrombosis/thrombolysis in vivo is controversial. Methods and Results —Ferric chloride was used to induce carotid artery injury in 97 wild-type (WT), 84 PAI-1−/−, and 84 VN−/− mice. Complete thrombotic occlusion was observed in 70% of PAI-1−/− mice versus 92% of WT ( P &lt;0.001) and 87% of VN−/− ( P =0.015) mice. In vessels that occluded, mean times to occlusion were significantly longer in PAI-1−/− than in WT or VN−/− mice. The initial thrombotic response of VN−/− mice was similar to that of WT mice, but their thrombi were unstable and frequently embolized. As a result, the patency rate of carotid vessels 30 minutes after injury was as high in VN−/− mice (36%) as in PAI-1−/− mice (which demonstrate progressive thrombolysis) and significantly higher than that of WT mice (12%; P =0.013). Histochemical and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction studies revealed an early upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression in the thrombus and the vessel wall, which persisted for ≥1 week. VN protein also accumulated after injury, but VN mRNA levels remained low at all times. Conclusions —PAI-1 and VN participate in the thrombotic response to arterial injury by preventing premature thrombus dissolution and embolization. The accumulation of PAI-1 in the thrombus/vessel wall after injury may result, at least in part, from local synthesis, whereas the VN protein appears to be derived from plasma.