tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Protocol for Selecting Patients with Injured Extremities Who Need X-Rays
Authors: Donald A. Brand, William H. Frazier, William C. Kohlhepp, Kathleen M. Shea, Ann M. Hoefer, Martin D. Ecker, Phyllis J. Kornguth, M. Joyce Pais, Terry R. Light
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Abstract To help curb excessive radiography, we developed a protocol for selecting patients with injured extremities who need x-ray examination, and we tested the protocol prospectively in 848 patients to determine its safety and effectiveness. Strict adherence to the protocol would have reduced x-ray usage by 12 per cent for upper extremities and 19 per cent for lower extremities. The actual reductions were 5 per cent and 16 per cent, respectively, since further reductions were limited by patient's demands for x-ray examinations. One fracture in 287 was missed, but the treatment was appropriate and the outcome satisfactory. By eliminating superfluous x-ray procedures, the protocol could reduce charges by $79 million to $139 million nationwide, without compromising quality of care or increasing malpractice liability. Nevertheless, even the best protocol cannot eliminate all negative x-ray studies. These results should serve as a stimulus for judicious use of radiography, but also as a warning to avoid overzealous cost-containment strategies that would reduce x-ray usage to below a safe threshold. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:333–9.)
Topical psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) and superficial radiotherapy in the treatment of chronic hand eczema
Authors: R.A. SHEEHAN-DARE, M.J. GOODFIELD, N.R. ROWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

The therapeutic efficacy of conventional superficial radiotherapy and topical psoralen photochemotherapy (topical PUVA) administered over a 6 week period was compared in a double-blind study of 21 patients with chronic bilateral constitutional hand eczema. One hand was treated with conventional superficial radiotherapy and the other with topical 8-methoxy-psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light (topical PUVA). Significantly better clinical improvement was seen in superficial radiotherapy treated hands over topical PUVA treated hands after 6 weeks of treatment, but this difference was not maintained at 9 or 18 weeks. There was no significant difference in symptom severity between the two treatments after 6 weeks, but superficial radiotherapy produced significantly more symptomatic improvement at 9 and 18 weeks. Superficial radiotherapy is a less time consuming procedure than topical PUVA and leads to more rapid improvement.
Effects of lactulose and lactitol on protein digestion and metabolism in conventional and germ free animal models: relevance of the results to their use in the treatment of portosystemic encephalopathy.
Authors: S P Bird, D Hewitt, B Ratcliffe, M I Gurr
Journal: Gut (1990)

Protein digestion and metabolism have been studied in laboratory rats and miniature pigs to investigate the mechanisms of action of lactulose and lactitol when used in the treatment of patients with portosystemic encephalopathy. Lactulose (beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-beta-D-fructofuranose) and lactitol (beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-glucitol) increased the excretion of nitrogenous material in the faeces and decreased nitrogen excretion in the urine in a similar degree to that reported for human patients. In studies with germ free rats given lactulose no such effect was observed, suggesting that, for lactulose at least, these effects are mediated by the gut flora. Measurement of the alpha-, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid content of the faeces confirmed that the enhancement of faecal nitrogen was due to an increased contribution from bacteria. The similarity in the results for lactulose and lactitol suggests that, from the perspective of protein metabolism, lactitol acts in a similar way to lactulose in the treatment of portosystemic encephalopathy.
Detection and Staging of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma with a Technetium-labeled Monoclonal Antibody A Comparison with Standard Staging Methods
Authors: EDWARD P. BALABAN, BRANDY S. WALKER, JOHN V. COX, R. PAUL BORDLEE, DARRELL SALK, PAUL G. ABRAMS, RICHARD G. SHEEHAN, EUGENE P. FRENKEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Tumor-associated radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) can detect neoplasms in a variety of settings. The authors conducted a study comparing the ability to detect and stage small cell lung carcinoma by using a Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibody (NR-LU-10 Fab) (NeoRx Corp, Seattle, WA) with standard staging methods. Standard staging included a physical examination, chest x-ray, a battery of radionuclide scans and/or computerized tomographic studies (head, abdomen, and bone), and bone marrow examination. A total of 22 comparisons were performed in 17 patients (five patients had revaluations after therapy). Fifty-four (74%) of the 73 lesions defined by standard staging were detected by the radiolabeled MoAb. Seven of eight patients (88%) classified by standard staging as having “limited stage” disease on presentation were concordantly “limited stage” by radio-immunoimaging. One patient deemed “limited stage” by standard staging was correctly upstaged (bone marrow involvement) as a result of the radiolabeled MoAb. Two patients found to have extensive disease at diagnosis were characterized as “limited stage” by the MoAb, for an overall staging accuracy of 0.88. Thirteen of 19 missed lesions were smaller than 2 cm (10 were smaller than 1 cm; 3 measured 1 to 2 cm). This comparative study shows that radioimmunoimaging by Tc-99m labeled NR-LU-10 Fab antibody is capable of complementing standard staging methods used in the evaluation of small cell lung carcinoma.
Surgery of the Aorta and Its Body Branches
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1980)

As aortic surgery enters its fourth decade, this book spares cardiovascular cognoscenti from another textbookish collection of stock images. It provides instead a trailblazing examination of important frontier areas such as noninvasive diagnosis, vasculogenic impotence, and thoracoabdominal aneurysms. Surgical peacocks might be taken aback by the timely chapters on renal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Nevertheless, they serve to instruct (or at least warn) those of us who still cling to surgery as the gold standard renal-revascularization technique. The text also sharpens our focus on such rarities as subisthmic coarctations and postoperative spinal cord ischemia. Particularly deft essays cover the surgical management of acute visceral ischemia, as well as aortic trauma, dissections, and graft complications. The adjunctive role of intra-arterial papaverine (for mesenteric ischemia) and perioperative indications for a Swan-Ganz catheter are discussed in instructive detail. Each expert-author refreshes what is known from the literature with his own data. We are never
Juvenile spring eruption: clinicopathologic features and phototesting results in 4 cases
Authors: Alexander J Stratigos, Christina Antoniou, Pavlos Papadakis, Apostolos Papapostolou, Dimitrios Sabatziotis, Konstantina Tranaka, Konstantina Tsara, Andreas D Katsambas
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2004)
Selection and procurement of hearts for transplantation.
Authors: T A English, P Spratt, J Wallwork, R Cory-Pearce, D Wheeldon
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The success of orthotopic heart transplantation depends wholly on satisfactory function of the new heart on completion of the operation. This in turn depends on the quality of the donor heart before its removal, the effectiveness of the methods used to preserve it during transport from the donor to the recipient hospital, and the accuracy of the operative procedure. From January 1979 to December 1983, 62 donor hearts were transplanted into 61 recipients at Papworth Hospital. These hearts were selected from 250 offered for consideration. The most common reasons for not proceeding with an initial inquiry were failure of the donor to meet the medical criteria for selection (77 cases) and lack of intensive care facilities or staff shortages such that a transplant could not be accommodated at the time of inquiry (80). Eight early deaths occurred, of which three were due to primary failure of the donor heart. Actual one and three year survivals for the whole programme were 58% and 50% respectively, the current actual one year survival being 70%. Forty per cent of patients selected for transplantation died while waiting for a heart to become available. Their average survival time was 46 days. The number of donor hearts referred for transplantation depends on public attitudes towards organ transplantation, the willingness of doctors looking after brain dead patients to seek permission from relatives for the heart to be donated, and the cooperation of local kidney transplant surgeons. A larger number of suitable donor hearts to choose from would enable more patients to be treated, as transplant operations could be arranged so that existing facilities were used to their maximum capacity.
Conflicts of Interest in Fee for Service and in HMO's
Authors: Harry Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

It is now half a decade since the United States Government, acting in accordance with a new law, began to encourage the growth of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO's) as an alternative to the traditional fee-for-service kind of medical care. In a speech delivered before the LBJ Foundation in New York City on October 27, 1977, Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), gave the following justification for this policy:A Health Maintenance Organization provides a comprehensive range of medical benefits, including physicians' services and hospitalization, to its enrolled members and their families for a prearranged, prepaid . . .
BMA opposes legalisation of euthanasia
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The BMA has overwhelmingly opposed any change in the law to allow euthanasia or physician assisted suicide.

Speakers at the BMA's annual representative meeting in Edinburgh last week said that it was the job of the medical profession to help patients rather than to kill them. Dr Fay Wilson, a Birmingham GP, told the meeting that patients had asked her to end their lives and later thanked her for not doing so. “However much I wanted to help their suffering, I wasn't able to kill …
X-RAYS IN PREGNANCY AND THE RISK OF CHILDHOOD CANCER
Authors: P.A. Hopton, P.A. Mckinney, R.A. Cartwright, J.R. Mann, J.M. Birch, A.L. Hartley, J.A.H. Waterhouse, H.E. Johnston, G.J. Draper, C.A. Stiller
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Abstract 116: ATF3 suppresses the invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by inducing the MDM2-mediated degradation of MMP-2
Authors: Jianjun Xie, Liyan Xu, Enmin Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective: Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was a transcription factor involved in cell cycle progression, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. This study explored the clinical significance and biological function of ATF3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). Methods: Tissue microarray analysis, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were utilized to examine the expression status of ATF3 in 150 ESCC samples and 21 paired adjacent normal epithelial tissues. Impact of ATF3 altered expression on cell growth, invasion, metastasis and the underlying mechanisms were also assessed by using in vitro and animal models of ESCC. Results: ATF3 expression was significantly lower in ESCC tissue than in the adjacent normal squamous mucosa (P=0.001). ATF3 expression was associated with both overall survival (OS, P=0.006) and disease-free survival (DFS, P=0.001) of ESCC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that ATF3 was an independent prognostic factor in ESCC. Experimentally, forced expression of ATF3 led to decreased cell growth and invasion properties in vitro, whereas knockdown of ATF3 did the opposite. ATF3 expression inhibited the tumourigenesis and lung metastasis of ESCC cells in nude mice. Further analysis revealed that the expression and activity of MMP-2 was decreased upon ATF3 expression. ATF3 upregulated MDM2 and formed an ATF3/MDM2/MMP-2 complex that facilitated MDM2-mediated MMP-2 degradation and subsequently inhibited the invasion and metastasis of ESCC cells. Finally, we showed that Cisplatin could suppress the invasion of ESCC cells by targeting the ATF3/MDM2/MMP-2 signaling. Conclusions: Decreased ATF3 expression in ESCC resulted in increased invasion and metastasis and contributed to ESCC poor prognosis. ATF3 expression is an ESCC candidate clinical prognostic marker and a potential treatment target. Citation Format: Jianjun Xie, Liyan Xu, Enmin Li. ATF3 suppresses the invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by inducing the MDM2-mediated degradation of MMP-2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 116. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-116
469. Optimization of the Lentivirus Vector Containing the MSCV-U3 and EF1α Double Internal Promoters
Authors: Naoya Uchida, Hideki Hanawa, Motoko Yamamoto, Takashi Shimada
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The double gene vector carrying the expression units of the therapeutic gene and the reporter gene is widely used, since the reporter proteins such as the GFP and the DsRed are useful for measuring the titer of vector stock and the tracing gene modified cells. However, the activities of the double promoters in a single vector are often inhibited by the so called 'promoter interference'. The internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) is being utilized to overcome this problem, but the expression of the second gene is not sufficient for the sensitive detection. In this study, we attempted to optimize the double gene lentivirus vector to achieve a high expression level of both genes.
A SIMPLE METHOD OF LOCALIZATION OF FOREIGN BODIES
Authors: J. S. Young
Journal: JAMA (1918)

One of the most important tasks in hospitals here is the localization of foreign bodies. Many methods are being used. The one which I am employing is to my mind the most simple and the most accurate. It involves the use of a small apparatus with an aluminum base which rests underneath the part of the patient which contains the foreign body, and an upright standard which rests on the broad end of the aluminum base. This standard has two adjustable cuffs through which pass two rods, an upper and a lower. The upper rod has a loop on its end; the lower, a small metallic ball. These rods are adjustable in two directions, and are secured by two set screws. A patient is placed on the aluminum base (the tube, of course, being underneath the table), the foreign body is located, and by the central rays the loop is
Assessment of arrhythmogenic potential in Brugada syndrome: comparison between two configurations of ST segment elevation
Authors: Mitsuaki Takami, Takanori Ikeda, Ayaka Kawase, Kenta Kumagai, Tsuyoshi Sakal, Naoki Tezuka, Takeshi Nakae, Yoshihisa Enjojl, Kaoru Sugi, Tetsu Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Inhibition of purified CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells by human immunodeficiency virus 1 or gp120 mediated by endogenous transforming growth factor beta 1.
Authors: G Zauli, M Vitale, D Gibellini, S Capitani
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, stringently purified from the peripheral blood of 20 normal donors, showed an impaired survival and clonogenic capacity after exposure to either heat-inactivated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 (strain IIIB) or cross-linked envelope gp120. Cell cycle analysis, performed at different times in serum-free liquid culture, showed an accumulation in G0/G1 in HIV-1- or gp120-treated cells and a progressive increase of cells with subdiploid DNA content, characteristic of apoptosis. In blocking experiments with anti-transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 neutralizing serum or TGF-beta 1 oligonucleotides, we demonstrated that the HIV-1- or gp120-mediated suppression of CD34+ cell growth was almost entirely due to an upregulation of endogenous TGF-beta 1 produced by purified hematopoietic progenitors. Moreover, by using a sensitive assay on the CCL64 cell line, increased levels of bioactive TGF-beta 1 were recovered in the culture supernatant of HIV-1/gp120-treated CD34+ cells. Anti-TGF-beta 1 neutralizing serum or TGF-beta 1 oligonucleotides were also effective in inducing a significant increase of the plating efficiency of CD34+ cells, purified from the peripheral blood of three HIV-1-seropositive individuals, suggesting that a similar mechanism may be also operative in vivo. The relevance of these findings to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-1-related cytopenias is discussed.
Ventilatory mechanics and expiratory flow limitation during exercise in patients with obstructive lung disease
Authors: William A. Potter, Snorri Olafsson, Robert E. Hyatt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The interrelationships among transpulmonary pressure, flow, and volume during exhausting exercise were studied in 12 males with chronic obstructive lung disease. Expiratory pressure during exercise was compared with flow-limiting pressure (Pmax) measured at rest. In 11 patients, expiratory pressure during exercise exceeded Pmax, indicating that ventilation became mechanically inefficient. Pmax values of the patients were lower than those of normal subjects. Evidence of expiratory flow augmentation during exercise was noted in two subjects. Since 10 subjects achieved maximal expiratory flow predicted from flow-volume curves when heart rate was not maximal, we conclude that exercise capacity in most subjects was clearly limited by the deranged ventilatory apparatus. Elevations in mean intrathoracic pressure during exercise also may interfere with venous return and impose an additional limitation.
Abstract 1610A: Chromatin modifying agents improve the anticancer activity of resveratrol in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Christiana G. Savva, Panos Papageorgis, Andreas I. Constantinou
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Resveratrol (Rsv), a dietary compound from grapes gained considerable attention as a cancer chemopreventive agent in several preclinical rodent models of prostate carcinogenesis. However, the poor bioavailability of Rsv in human plasma raised reservations about the potential health benefits of dietary Rsv. The objective of the present study was to combine Rsv with other agents, that can be given at non-toxic concentrations, in order to produce strong anticancer effects at low Rsv concentrations. For this purpose, we choose the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC) suberoyl-anilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and the demethylating agent, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza) which we evaluated in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. We found that Rsv at relatively low concentrations (2.5 μM) inhibited only marginally cell growth (&amp;lt;15 %). Similarly, the selected concentration of SAHA (0.5 μM) or 5-aza (0.05 μM) also produced minimal inhibition of cell growth (&amp;lt;17 % and &amp;lt;15 % inhibition respectively). A substantial decrease (&amp;gt; 50 %) in cellular proliferation was evident when Rsv was combined with either one of the chromatin modifying agents. Concomitant analysis of cell proliferation and apoptosis revealed that pre-treatment with SAHA or 5-aza followed by Rsv administration suspended cell growth. Cell cycle arrest was also evident which was associated with p53-indepented up-regulation of p21 and accompanied by an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Treatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-vad.fmk did not restore cell growth, indicating that the mechanism by which these compounds trigger apoptosis is independed of caspase activation. These data suggest that the growth-inhibitory effect is mediated via upregulation of p21, down regulation of key cell cycle activators, and followed by apoptotic cell death. This combined action of Rsv might be the result of transcriptional alterations of specific genes that participate in the apoptotic and survival pathways due to the chromatin remodeling effects of SAHA and 5-aza. Our results show conclusively that, in a highly invasive prostate cancer cell line, the combination of Rsv with an HDAC inhibitor or a demethylaying agent, increases Rsv's anticancer activity. These new insights, in enhancing the anticancer effect of Rsv, may be applied to new and innovative strategies in the treatment or prevention of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1610A. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1610A
Long-Term Administration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Men with Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: DANIEL I. SPRATT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The effect of long-term administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for induction and maintenance of sexual maturation was characterized in 23 men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Twenty-two men achieved normal adult male serum testosterone concentrations (575 ± 33 ng/dL; p < 0.0001 compared with the baseline mean of 61 ± 6 ng/dL) that were sustained in 21 men for up to 36 months with bolus doses of GnRH varying from 25 to 300 ng/kg body weight administered every 2 hours. Pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion occurred in all 23 men, with mean levels of LH (14.7 ± 1.3 mlU/mL) and follicle-stimulating hormone (11.3 ± 1.3 mlU/mL) within or above the normal range for adult men. Mature sperm were observed in the ejaculates of 20 men, with counts ranging from less than 1 x 106 to 96 x 106/mL. Increasing responsiveness of the pituitary-gonadal axis to GnRH was shown in 6 men. Men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism present a useful model to study the onset and maintenance of reproductive function in men.
IGHV unmutated CLL B cells are more prone to spontaneous apoptosis and subject to environmental prosurvival signals than mutated CLL B cells
Authors: M Coscia, F Pantaleoni, C Riganti, C Vitale, M Rigoni, S Peola, B Castella, M Foglietta, V Griggio, D Drandi, M Ladetto, A Bosia, M Boccadoro, M Massaia
Journal: Leukemia (2011)