tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uninsured Americans are more likely to die prematurely
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Lack of health insurance is a risk factor for poor health. Americans who lack such insurance are in poorer general health, receive inadequate care, and are more likely to die prematurely than people with insurance.

This is the conclusion of a new report from the US Institute of Medicine. The report was prepared by the institute's committee on the consequences of uninsurance and is the second of six reports the committee is issuing. The first report appeared last October.

The committee examined the consequences of being uninsured for …
Abstract 2946: Post-transcriptional regulators of microRNA biogenesis regulate pathogenesis of cancer
Authors: Wei-Jen Chung, Pavel Sumazin, Xuerui Yang, Mukesh Bansal, Andrea Califano
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as key regulators of both normal and pathologic phenotypes, including cancer. Fine grained regulation of their biogenesis, however, is still poorly understood and only a few of their key regulators have been characterized. In order to understand the extent and specificity of miR-biogenesis control, as well as the role of miR-biogenesis regulators in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, we set out to identify these regulators and profile their targets. We developed a genome-wide computational screening method that leverages miR and gene expression profiles in hundreds of samples to identify potential biogenesis regulators in glioma and ovarian cancer. In total, miRage predicted thirty miR-biogenesis regulators that are common to glioma and ovarian cancer tumors, and hundreds of glioma-specific and ovarian-cancer-specific regulators. Predicted regulators include known biogenesis regulators DGCR8, HNRNPA1, DDX5, LIN28 and SMAD family proteins. We validated selected regulators that are predicted to regulate miRs in both cancers and are differentially expressed across glioma prognosis. Differential expression of (1) mature miRs, (2) their host genes, (3) co-transcribed miRs, (4) miR precursors, and (5) pri-miRs were measured upon ectopic expression or RNAi-mediated silencing of the predicted regulators in a glioma cell line. DDX10 was predicted to up-regulate miR-218 biogenesis, and we showed that its ectopic expression up-regulates miR-218 at the pri-miRNA stage; up-regulation of DDX10 may account for miR-218 over-expression in poor-prognosis tumors. High-throughput screening by nanostring nCounter and fluidigm systems suggest that DDX10 regulation is broader effect than regulation by the known biogenesis regulator, DDX17. In total, we report on nearly a dozen validated miR-biogenesis regulators that were predicted by our computational screens. Our results suggest that miR biogenesis is a complex, context specific, and finely-regulated process, and that miR biogenesis regulators may influence tumor initiation and progression by altering the expression of specific tumor-suppressor and oncomirs or by modifying large miR programs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2946. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2946
An Address on VISION OF BRIGHTNESS AND COLOUR
Authors: J. S. Haldane
Journal: BMJ (1933)

But now let us look more closely at the dim candle An Address shadow.At the place where it crosses the disk-shaped ON electric lamp shadow it would, if Weber's law could be extended further, stand out strongly, since at this place the electric, light is shaded off and the ratio of the light on BY the surrounding screen to that on the dim shadow is far
Cochlear implantation is controversial among deaf people
Authors: R. Gauntlett
Journal: BMJ (1996)

knee problems referred for imaging in the two groups.In any evaluation such variations in case mix must be carefully controlled for,5 particularly if results form the basis of recommendations for clinical practice.It is curious that there was no orthopaedic input to the study.An orthopaedic consultant with an interest in the knee should be able to sort out most patients with knee pain on clinical grounds.Indeed, for some clinical diagnoses, such as anterior knee pain, magnetic resonance imaging has little proved clinical value.24Not all general practitioners will understand the implications of the findings of magnetic resonance imaging.The sensitivity of imaging for a lateral meniscal lesion, for example, is not particularly high (approximately 08).3Similarly, loose bodies may be missed.The patient may be falsely reassured and appropriate treatment delayed or denied.From the above it might be assumed that we are not enthusiastic about magnetic resonance imaging of the knee.On the contrary, we expect the use of this type of imaging for knee and other problems to continue to increase.We are merely suggesting that widespread use is likely to lead to increased rather than decreased overall costs.When used judiciously, magnetic resonance imaging of the knee has a proved diagnostic and therapeutic impact and is associated with improvements in quality of life.4We consider that patients with knee problems are best served by being seen quickly by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon, who can make appropriate referrals to a radiologist.
Only half of patients referred for talking therapies enter treatment
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Over 760 000 people were referred for psychological therapies in England last year, but only a half of these referrals resulted in the patient actually entering treatment, the first annual report of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme has found.1

In 269 000 cases people dropped out or declined the treatment that was offered to them, a statistic that the charity Mind said was of major concern.

The IAPT programme was set up to provide services such as cognitive behavioural therapy for people with anxiety and depression.

The data, collected by the Health and Social Care Information Centre for 2012-13, show that two thirds of people referred for …
Skin melanoma sentinel lymph node biopsy using real-time fluorescence navigation with indocyanine green and indocyanine green with human serum albumin
Authors: K. Polom, D. Murawa, Y.S. Rho, A. Spychala, P. Murawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Skin melanoma sentinel lymph node biopsy using real‐time fluorescence navigation with indocyanine green and indocyanine green with human serum albumin Get access K. Polom, K. Polom Wielkopolska Cancer Center, First Surgical Oncology and General Surgery Department, Poznan, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Murawa, D. Murawa Wielkopolska Cancer Center, First Surgical Oncology and General Surgery Department, Poznan, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y.S. Rho, Y.S. Rho Department of Oncological Pathomorphology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland E‐mail: polom.karol@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Spychala, A. Spychala Wielkopolska Cancer Center, First Surgical Oncology and General Surgery Department, Poznan, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Murawa P. Murawa Wielkopolska Cancer Center, First Surgical Oncology and General Surgery Department, Poznan, PolandDepartment of Oncological Pathomorphology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland E‐mail: polom.karol@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 3, 1 March 2012, Pages 682–683, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10634.x Published: 01 March 2012
504 INSULIN RESISTANCE CONFERS A HIGHER RISK OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION, CIRRHOSIS AND EARLY MORTALITY TO ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: E. Trépo, D. Degré, A. Lemmers, T. Gustot, A. Gerkens, S. Evrard, R. Ouziel, P. Deltenre, M. Adler, J. Devière, C. Moreno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
No evidence exists that "anti-dementia" drugs modify disease or improve outcome
Authors: P. J. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (2014)

More than three months have passed since the G8 dementia summit was held in London, allowing time for critical thinking over its most laudable aim to “create disease modifying treatment to try to stop, slow, or reverse the condition.”1 This was less than a year after I gave an interactive talk based on one question: “What do we mean by Alzheimer’s disease?”2

In my …
Functional Examination of the Heart at Autopsy
Authors: Fairfield Goodale, Robert S. Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

WITH the advent of cardiac catheterization and operative procedures for correction of valvular deformities it has become increasingly important for the pathologist to attempt, from post-mortem examination, a more accurate estimation of the in vivo performance of the heart. The few measurements taken routinely in the past have proved of limited value in the interpretation of cardiac function during life. The present communication reports initial efforts to develop and standardize a procedure of post-mortem valvular examination that can be correlated with in vivo studies of cardiac function. For this purpose resistance to flow through the various heart valves was measured . . .
Diesel exhaust particles enhance T‐cell activation in severe asthmatics
Authors: E. Mamessier, A. Nieves, D. Vervloet, A. Magnan
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Prevalence of asthma is increasing in westernized countries. Epidemiological studies showed the impact of traffic pollution on the triggering of asthma symptoms and exacerbations, and this effect is mainly attributed to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon core of diesel exhaust particles (DEP). However, although DEP induce IgE synthesis, little is known of their role on T‐cell activation, the main cells orchestrating asthma inflammation. We assessed the effect of DEP on T‐cell activation in severe uncontrolled asthmatics during ( n = 13) and outside ( n = 19) exacerbations. Results were compared with data obtained in healthy controls ( n = 14). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of low‐dose DEP. T‐cell activation markers, CD69 and CD25, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and interferon (IFN)‐ γ production and T‐cell proliferation were assessed by flow cytometry. DEP exposure increased the proportion of CD3+CD69+ T cells in all subjects. The proportion of CD25+ T cells increased under DEP stimulation in the exacerbation group only. IFN‐ γ ‐ and IL‐4‐producing T cells increased in both asthmatic groups, especially during exacerbations, but not in controls. This effect was more pronounced for IL‐4. In response to DEP stimulation, T‐cell proliferation increased in higher proportion in asthmatics compared with controls. These results show that DEP activate T cells in asthmatics only, with a higher effect during exacerbations. This is in keeping with epidemiological data which demonstrated that DEP trigger respiratory symptoms in asthmatics but not in controls. The higher effect of DEP in exacerbated asthmatics suggests that uncontrolled asthma is a risk factor for aggravation under exposure to traffic pollutants.
Immune complexes initiate RSV pathology
Authors: Mitchel L. Zoler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The causes of tissue injury resulting from a severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have been elusive, but recent research suggests that a pair of explanations, both over a decade old, may be partially correct. At least in certain patients, damage caused by RSV may be mediated by the formation of virus-antibody (IgG) complexes and the inflammatory responses that such complexes induce. Furthermore, there is evidence that an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to virus-IgE interactions is involved, and that "nonimmunologic" triggers of inflammation may even play a role. These mechanisms may also operate in infection with other respiratory viruses. RSV usually infects children younger than 5 years of age, and it is the most important cause of respiratory disease during the first year of life. The majority of RSV infections are confined to the upper respiratory tract, but the disease can extend to the lower respiratory tract with a broad spectrum
THE MECHANISM AND TREATMENT OF PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION
Authors: K. M. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1930)

PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION.[T"HIAt Jtn°u _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEIA_OM4 i afid-cireumference to the area of radiation of each of m" needles.The size of these blocks of wood represenits ani area of 1 ciii. in aU.jdirections.By arranging these blocks of 'wood I casi estispite very nearly the nulUber of nieedles I shall r equire, their position, and their distances froi one another.;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ... FIG. 3 -The second tier of needles arranged at right angles to those in Fig. 2, and the position of the needle in the central position-anioiiw the upper ducts.
Clinical Lecture on Acute Synovitis and Traumatic Aneurism
Authors: T. R. Jessop
Journal: BMJ (1871)

symptoms as they arise, such as pain, irritation of the bowels, diarrhea, etc.For the latter a mixture containing rhatany, paregoric, and grycerine seems to answer best.Such patients are immensely benefited for a time by being sent, when possible, to some eligible sea-side place, as Margate.Actute Strunmous HydrocephaDizs, the result of tubercular meningitis, is not often seen in London hospitals, although tubercle of the brain is very common, at least amongst the out-patients.How many children we find labouring under the following symptoms: a pale, delicate ap- pearance; dilated pupils, perhaps strabismus; frequent headache or * Read before the Bath and Bristol Branich.
P1-06-15: A Genomic Predictor Developed from Breast Cancer Cell Lines Predicts Both Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide: A Collaborative Project of the NSABP and Precision Therapeutics.
Authors: K Shen, G Tang, C Kim, K Pogue-Geile, SJ Anderson, JP Constantino, HD Bear, N Song, C Tian, MJ Gabrin, Y Zhang, CE Geyer, N Wolmark
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: A cell line-derived multigene predictor of tumor response to doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide (MGP-AC) has been shown to predict the pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol B-27. However, a cell line-derived MPG for doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide + docetaxel (MGP-ACT) was not predictive in patients from B-27. The purpose of this study was to further assess the performance of these predictors on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the same patient populations. Methods: NSABP B-27 was a 3-arm trial of 2411 early-stage breast cancer patients randomized to receive 4 cycles of preoperative doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide (AC) or 4 cycles of AC followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel either pre-op (AC+T) or post-op (AC→T). MGPs for AC and ACT were developed based on the in vitro assay and microarray genomic profiles of 40 breast cancer cell lines. A higher MGP score indicates lower chemoresponse sensitivity. Results: 322 patients with available microarray data were included for this analysis (103 treated with AC, 102 with AC+T, and 117 with AC→T). For patients treated with AC, a higher MGP-AC score was significantly associated with increased risk of disease progression (standardized hazard ratio [HR] [SD set to 1]=1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.02−2.15, p=0.043) or death (standardized HR=1.66, 95% CI=1.06−2.62, p=0.028) after adjusting for clinical covariates (ER status, clinical tumor size, lymph node status, and age). The addition of MGP-AC to the clinical model improves the accuracy in predicting five-year DFS: the area under the ROC curve improved from 63% to 72%. For patients treated with AC+T or AC→T, MGP-ACT was not predictive of either DFS (standardized HR=1.03, 95% CI=0.78−1.37, p=0.818) or OS (standardized HR=1.05, 95% CI=0.73−1.51, p=0.8). Conclusions: A cell line-derived MGP for AC that was predictive of pCR was also predictive of DFS and OS in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant AC. The MGP for ACT, which was not predictive for pCR, was not predictive of either DFS or OS in patients who received docetaxel after AC. The B-27 study was funded by NCI PHS grants U10-CA-37377, U10-CA-69974, U10-CA-12027, U10-CA-69651, and U24-CA-114732, and received additional support from sanofi-aventis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-15.
Home blood glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rebecca M Reynolds, Mark W J Strachan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

OBJECTIVES: This study documents sex differences in work patterns, injuries, and hazard exposures among adolescents in homes, farms, and other work sites. METHODS: 14 to 17 year old 4-H club members were asked to complete self administered questionnaires regarding their lifetime experience of work, hazard exposure, and injuries. RESULTS: Of 323 respondents, more than two thirds had ever worked paid jobs. Fifty seven per cent were injured during non-farm work and hazards were part of the non-farm work environment for 54% of the respondents. Males were more likely to work in hazardous conditions, including operating heavy equipment on farms or construction sites. Almost three quarters of the teens who worked on farms reported being injured there and 100% were exposed to at least one farm hazard. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents perform jobs at homes, farms, or other work sites where they are exposed to numerous safety hazards. Prevention efforts should target specific hazards youths are exposed to rather than the general work site.
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies as predictors of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: E Israeli
Journal: Gut (2005)

Several antibodies have been reported in the sera of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The most commonly described are anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies (ASCA) in CD and perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (pANCA) in UC. Familial clustering of these antibodies has been described, suggesting they might be genetic markers. Our aim was to investigate the presence of these antibodies before the emergence of overt clinical manifestations.Since 1980, the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) Medical Corps Serum Repository has stored serum samples obtained systematically from 5% of all recruits on enlistment, and from the same population on discharge from compulsory military service. We evaluated serum samples obtained from 32 subjects with CD and eight with UC before they were clinically diagnosed, along with samples from matched controls.ASCA were present in 10/32 (31.3%) CD patients before clinical diagnosis compared with 0/95 (0%) controls (p<0.001). None of the eight patients with serum samples available before diagnosis of UC were ASCA positive. ASCA was positive in 54.5% of patients after diagnosis of CD. The mean interval between ASCA detection and diagnosis was 38 months. In 90% of patients, antibodies were detected in the first available serum sample; therefore, measurements of the average time from the presence of ASCA to diagnosis may be even longer. pANCA were present in 2/8 (25%) patients with available sera before the diagnosis of UC. None of their 24 matched controls were positive (p = 0.014).ASCA and pANCA may predict development of inflammatory bowel disease years before the disease is clinically diagnosed.
Concepts of Time in Clinical Research
Authors: Jonathan M. Samet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

The study of events in time is fundamental to biomedical research and public health surveillance. Clinicians have an intuitive appreciation for the relevance of time to health and disease, and patients invariably ask questions relating to time for which clinicians need answers. An appreciation of the picture of health and disease over time is equally fundamental to public health. Research designs that incorporate time have long been in use; the cohort study, which involves follow-up of persons overtime, is the fundamental design. Analysis of longitudinal data, generated by cohort studies and related approaches, has been enhanced by new statistical methods that are appropriate to data collected over time from repeated observations. In the next millennium, new and increasingly complex questions will undoubtedly require investigation. The research designs and analytic methods used to address clinical questions in time will continue to evolve and will provide better, sharper answers.
The relationship between fibrosis and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the experimental hypertrophic heart of rabbits
Authors: N. W. REVIS, A. J. V. CAMERON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rabbits by injecting either thyroxine or isoprenaline or by surgically constricting the abdominal aorta. An increase in heart weight was associated with a change in the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern and an increase in fibrosis (as measured by hydroxyproline concentrations). Isoprenaline treatment led to a moderate increase in heart weight, a marked decrease in the heart/skeletal muscle subunit ratio of lactate dehydrogenase, and a marked increase in hydroxyproline. Thyroxine treatment led to a small increase in both heart weight and hydroxyproline and a small decrease in the heart/skeletal muscle subunit ration. Coarctation of the aorta, in contrast, caused a marked increase in heart weight, a moderate decrease in heart/skeletal muscle subunit ratio, and a moderate increase in hydroxyproline. These results suggest that the decrease in the heart/skeletal muscle subunit ratio of lactate dehydrogenase in the experimental hypertrophic heart reflects the extent of myocardial fibrosis, rather than changes within the hypertrophied myocardial cells.