tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of smoking and alcohol in metaplasia and cancer risk in Barrett's columnar lined oesophagus.
Authors: M R Gray, R J Donnelly, A N Kingsnorth
Journal: Gut (1993)

Smoking and alcohol consumption predispose to oesophageal mucosal damage and exacerbates gastro-oesophageal reflux. The alcohol and smoking habits of patients with severe oesophagitis (n = 24), Barrett9s columnar lined oesophagus (CLO) (n = 58), and adenocarcinoma arising in CLO (n = 23) were studied. There was no significant difference between the age (median 67, 64, and 65 years respectively) or duration of symptoms (median 10 years) in each group. Patients with benign CLO were significantly more likely to be non-smokers and non-drinkers, or both than patients with both severe oesophagitis and adenocarcinoma (p &lt; 0.001). Of those who smoked or drank, patients with CLO had a smoking history of a median 15 pack years (range 2-60 pack years), which was less than both the severe oesophagitis (median 45.5, range 5-150 pack years) (p &lt; 0.01), and adenocarcinoma groups (median 55.25, range 4-200 pack years) (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with adenocarcinoma had smoked for more years in total (median 38.5, range 4-54 years) than patients with CLO (median 29.5, range 6-55 years) (p &lt; 0.01). Patients with severe oesophagitis (median 38.5, range 27-55 years) and adenocarcinoma patients had a similar long history of smoking both of which were greater than CLO patients (p &lt; 0.003). Half of the severe oesophagitis group drank more than 40 units/week and six more than 100 units/week (median 40, range 1--&gt;100 units/week), whereas CLO patients who drank did so more moderately (median 10, 1-100 units/week) (p &lt; 0.02). Adenocarcinoma patients also had a somewhat greater alcohol intake than CLO patients, median 15 (1-100 units/week) (p&lt;0.02). Smoking and alcohol consumption do not predispose to the development od metaplastic columnar lined oesophagus in patients with severe gastro-oesophageal reflux but are strongly associated with the development of adenocarcinoma in patients with established Barrett9s oesophagus.
Coarctation of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Laurence L. Robbins, Stanley M. Wyman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

COARCTATION of the aorta, formerly considered an interesting congenital anomaly and an academic curiosity, has become in most cases a surgically correctable disease.1 2 3 It is essential that the condition be recognized as early as possible so that operation may be carried out before changes, which preclude surgery or render it unduly hazardous, have occurred in the vessels. Certain roentgenologic findings are of great value in early diagnosis. These have become apparent as the result of more general use of contrast studies. The purpose of this investigation is to emphasize the principal signs by which coarctation may be recognized on the . . .
Acyclovir and Neurologic Manifestations
Authors: J. AUWERX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1983Acyclovir and Neurologic ManifestationsJ. AUWERX, M.D., D. KNOCKAERT, M.D., P. HOFKENS, M.D.J. AUWERX, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. KNOCKAERT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, P. HOFKENS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-6-882_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their recent article, Wade and Meyers(1) highlighted the neurologic side effects seen during intravenous acyclovir therapy for herpes infections after bone marrow transplantation. We noted a similar reversible neurologic deterioration in an older immunosuppressed patient who was not a marrow recipient.A 60-year-old woman had a localized herpes zoster infection. Her medical history included a malignant lymphoepithelial thymoma, discovered in the anterior mediastinum in 1969. Because of the extension and local invasion of the tumor, she was treated with radiotherapy (4500 rad), which was followed by an almost complete regression of the tumor and development of...Reference1. WADEMEYERS JJ. Neurologic symptoms associated with parenteral acyclovir treatment after marrow transplantation. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:921-5. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Academische Ziekenhuizen Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrugs Used in OphthalmologyA Case Report of Neurotoxicity After Prolonged Doses of Acyclovir in a Patient With Renal DysfunctionDrug-induced ocular side effectsDifferential Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Involvement in a Patient Treated With AcyclovirDrug-induced ocular side effectsOral Acyclovir and Neurologic Adverse Effects in Endstage Renal DiseaseAcute Renal Failure and Neurotoxicity following Oral AcyclovirMedikamentös induzierte Psychose bei einer HIV-infizierten PatientinDistinguishing acyclovir neurotoxicity from encephalomyelitisAcyclovir-induced neurotoxicity: Concentration-side effect relationship in acyclovir overdoseAcyclovir Neurotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity-The Role for HemodialysisIn vitro enhancement of natural killer cell activity against herpesvirus-infected targets in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemiaMajor Depression with Psychotic Features Associated with Acyclovir TherapyAcyclovir: Neurologic and Renal ToxicityPAULA G. JONES, M.D., SUE A. BEIER-HANRATTY, M.D.Severe but Reversible Neurotoxicity from AcyclovirSANDER M. Z. COHEN, M.D., JUDAH A. MlNKOVE, M.D., JOSEPH W. ZEBLEY III, M.D., JOHN H. MULHOLLAND, M.D. 1 December 1983Volume 99, Issue 6Page: 882-883KeywordsBone marrowBone marrow transplantationThymoma Issue Published: 1 December 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Sweat Test for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: John B. Priest
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Both the letter of Harry Shwachman, MD (240:2731, 1978), and the defensive response of Jocelyn M. Hicks, PhD (241:2264, 1979), miss the issue in regard to sweat chloride testing. The major issue is not the "lack of interest of clinical chemists," as Dr Shwachman claims, but the actual performance of the test.<sup>1</sup> Neither the pathologist nor the clinical chemist, in all likelihood, actually performs the test. Rather, it is the medical technologist or technician who carries out the actual procedure. It is a major part of our roles as educators and laboratory administrators to ensure that these people are adequately trained for the task and that the test meets high enough performance standards to provide a clinically relevant answer.
Glyburide and Glipizide in Treatment of Diabetic Patients With Secondary Failures to Tolazamide or Chlorpropamid
Authors: Jeffrey D Lev, Adina Zeidler, Dinesh Kumar
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

We evaluated therapeutic usefulness of the second-generation sulfonylurea agents glyburide and glipizide in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients who were secondary failures on chlorpropamide or tolazamide. Twenty patients were treated with glyburide, and 10 of them were subsequently treated with glipizide. Fasting and postprandial serum glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, urinary C-peptide, and glucose levels all failed to show significant improvement. We conclude that both glyburide and glipizide proved ineffective in the treatment of secondary failures to first-generation sulfonylureas.
Prospective survey of availability of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation.
Authors: S L Dombey, M S Knapp
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A prospective study in Nottingham hospitals, serving 3/4 million population, identified 25 potential kidney donors in one year. Seventeen later died in circumstances when kidney donation would have been possible. Twelve kidneys were actually removedfor transplantation out of the possible 34. The reasons for failure to donate kidneyswere either relatives' refusal or a failure of the doctors looking after those patientsto consider them as potential donors. If all possible donors had their kidneys removed there would be sufficient available to approximately equal the numbers of patients likely to require renal transplatation.
Electrophysiological effects of magnesium and its interactions with potassium
Authors: Y. WATANABE, L. S. DREIFUS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Electrophysiological interactions of Mg and K ions were studied in isolated rabbit heart preparations. Threefold increase in extracellular Mg concentration, in the presence of either high (7·5 mM), normal (4·5 mM), or low (1·5 mM) K concentration, tended to increase the action potential amplitude, membrane resting potential, maximal rate of depolarization, and action potential duration of ventricular muscle fibres, and prolonged the A-V conduction time. These effects were more prominent at higher K concentrations. Reduction of Mg concentration to one third produced opposite results. Prolongation of the effective refractory, by high Mg was greater than that of the action potential duration. This resulted in a better propagation of the earliest premature response. Low Mg shortened the effective refractory, but tended to prolong the relative refractory period, and increased ventricular vulnerability. Possible ionic mechanisms underlying these Mg effects were discussed in comparison with Ca action.
Altered Therapeutic Range for Quinidine After Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Surgery
Authors: DORON GARFINKEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Although most assays for measuring drug levels in serum determine the total concentration, effects from a drug are determined better by measuring the concentration of unbound (free) drug in serum. When the free fraction of a drug is constant, the total drug concentration may act as a good guide in predicting drug activity. However, if the free fraction is altered from normal, the serum concentration of the total drug may be misinterpreted. Quinidine has a high binding affinity for alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. We present the case of a woman who had a myocardial infarction; after cardiac surgery, she was found to have high concentrations of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (228 mg/dL) and a low free fraction of quinidine (0.032). At that time the patient had a total concentration of quinidine of 33.9 µmol/L (11 µg/mL) but showed no signs or symptoms of toxicity because the concentration of free quinidine was not high. Physicians should be aware of the limitations of assays in determining the unbound concentration of drugs in serum. This awareness is particularly crucial with drugs that bind well to serum proteins, especially when pathologic conditions change the extent of binding.
Functional Correction of Fanconi Anemia Group C Hematopoietic Cells by the Use of a Novel Lentiviral Vector
Authors: Kaoru Yamada, John C. Olsen, Manij Patel, Kathleen W. Rao, Christopher E. Walsh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Lentiviral vectors transduce nondividing hematopoietic cells more efficiently than other currently available vector systems. Here we report the results of human hematopoietic cell gene transfer using lentiviral vectors based upon human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). EIAV is a nonprimate lentivirus and is severely restricted in its host range to horses and closely related equines. We employed the EIAV vector system to test for gene transfer to human Fanconi anemia (FA) hematopoietic cells by comparison with HIV-1- and Moloney murine leukemia virus-based systems. Fanconi anemia is characterized by bone marrow failure secondary to stem cell dysfunction. Fanconi anemia group C EBV-transformed lymphoblasts were transduced with all three viral vectors. Phenotypic correction of FA cells, as measured by mitomycin C drug resistance, was observed with a similar efficiency in all vector systems. This is the first description of lentiviral correction of FA cells and suggests that lentiviral vectors may be useful for FA gene transfer.
The Rice Diet in Ambulatory Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Dorothea G. Loofbourow, Dorothy Callahan, Robert Sterling Palmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

A YEAR and a half ago an evaluation of the first year's use of the rice diet in hypertension was reported by the Hypertension Clinic of the Massachusetts General Hospital.1 Our study included only clinic patients, that is, patients living at home, eating with the family group and subject to the usual influences of everyday living. The conditions of this study were different from those reported by Kempner2 3 4 5 and, we submit, in some respects more suitable than his in that most patients must be treated in their homes and at their work with medical supervision through calls at the physician's . . .
Bibliotheca Osleriana: A Catalogue of Books Illustrating the History of Medicine and Science
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<i>The Bibliotheca Osleriana</i>, which itemizes Sir William Osler's library at the time of his death, represents the work of many minds. The library itself was Osler's, as was the method of classification. His second cousin, W. W. Francis, who headed the Osler Library for three decades; R. H. Hill, the British librarian; and Archibald Malloch, the Canadian who was librarian at the New York Academy of Medicine for many years, collaborated in assembling and editing the material for the library's catalogue. The<i>Bibliotheca Osleriana</i>is that catalogue. Osler created the system of classification used in the catalogue. The first grouping, about 1,700 of the 7,600 items, is the<i>Bibliotheca Prima</i>; in it, Osler placed the works of authors whom he felt had made essential contributions to the history of medicine or of science. In the next and largest group,<i>Bibliotheca Secunda</i>, he put those authors whose works had played a
Efforts aim at being more in touch with professions, public
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

For many years, the FDA seemed to fit the Churchillian description of Russia: "a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma." Today, the agency has shed a great deal of this image. "Within the past two or three years," says Stuart L. Nightingale, MD, associate commissioner for health affairs, "we have taken an active interest in the public proceedings of professional medical organizations. We try to clarify possible misconceptions about the FDA's position on an issue and correct mistakes when they arise." Last summer, Nightingale was at the American Medical Association's annual meeting in Chicago, for instance. He provided comments on resolutions and reports that were being considered by the AMA House of Delegates. Besides the AMA meetings and frequent "From the FDA" reports in The Journal, either Nightingale or a member of his staff attends meetings of other national medical groups such as the National Medical Association, and
A Comparative Analysis of Several Corrected Vectorcardiographic Leads
Authors: DANIEL A. BRODY, ROBERT C. ARZBAECHER, Harry A. Phillips
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The sensitivity of several corrected vectorcardiographic leads to dipolar, quadripolar, and octapolar components of the equivalent cardiac generator was determined in an electrically homogeneous torso model of the human body. A new experimental method, which insured that the desired parameters were determined for the entire cardiac region, was employed. Three complete vector systems were thus studied: McFee's axial, Frank's, and the SVEC-III. Individual leads also studied included the tetrahedron X (lead I), the tetrahedron Y (lead aV F ), the "symmetrical Y," and two grid types of anteroposterior connections. Except for poor adjustment of scale factors the axial leads were found to be the best corrected of the three complete systems. With relative X, Y, and Z channel sensitivities of 0.92, 1.00, and 0.66, respectively, the axial lead system can be recommended as the best of the three. Of all the connections studied, we found the X lead of the SVEC-III system to be the most inadequately corrected. We failed to confirm that the inclusion of weighted back electrode potentials, as employed in Frank's Y lead, improves the characteristics of the neck to left leg connection as a vertical lead. We find the symmetrical Y lead superior to both lead aV F and the neck to left leg connection The grid type of anteroposterior connection is superior to the other types of corrected Z leads that we investigated, but could probably be corrected further by improvements in design. The use of corrected leads is to be encouraged as a means of achieving standardization and approximating the biophysical conditions implicit in the basic concept and purpose of vectorcardiography.
First among women.
Authors: J. Binnie
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The posterior pole vasculature of 100 patients with different sickling haemoglobinopathies was studied prospectively over a period of three years. Various abnormalities of the posterior pole vasculature were seen in 29 per cent of the patients. Continuous remodelling of the macular and perimacular vasculature occurred. Visual acuity was variably affected and sometimes remained intact.
Assembly meets to tackle health needs of the poor
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2005)

More than a thousand members of the People's Health Movement from about 90 mostly poor countries will meet at the People's Health Assembly in Cuenca, Ecuador, next week. The movement (http://www.phmovement.org/) is a global advocacy network of people's organisations, civil society groups, non-governmental organisations, women's groups, social activists, academics, health professionals, and policy makers. This will be the second time that they have come together in a meeting, aimed at giving a voice to the poor.

The first People's Health Assembly, was held in Savar in Bangladesh in 2000, and attracted almost 1500 health activists. It was convened by Zafrullah Chowdhury and his colleagues to discuss the failure to achieve the goal of health for all by the year 2000 (BMJ 2004;329:1127). This was the ambitious target that health ministers from 134 countries signed up to at the Alma-Ata conference in Kazakhstan in 1978.

Poverty, widening economic inequality, globalisation, unfair trade, and poor health governance were held to blame. Governments and the United Nations' agencies concerned with health were charged with failing to enact the principles set out in the Alma-Ata declaration, which called for the development of comprehensive equitable primary health care services (BMJ 2000;321:1361-2).

During that meeting, the People's Health Movement came together, and a call to arms was drawn up and endorsed in the form of the People's Charter for Health (http://www.healthwrights.org/). The charter, …
Duplicate Publication, Multiple Problems
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in postobstructive pulmonary vasculopathy
Authors: SM Kelly, JH Bates, RP Michel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Chronic unilateral pulmonary artery ligation induces formation of new bronchial collateral vessels in the affected lung. These vessels form precapillary anastomoses with the pulmonary circulation and the lung is perfused with arterial blood. Inspired gas is diverted to the contralateral lung to maintain the ventilation/perfusion ratio (VA/Q) and gas exchange. This study was designed to determine the mechanism responsible for this shift of ventilation, which has not previously been investigated. We studied six dogs, before and 6 months after ligation of the left main pulmonary artery. We measured pulmonary resistance (RL) and elastance (EL), minute ventilation (VE), O2 consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2) of the right and left lungs. We also examined the effect of CO2, atropine and isoproterenol on RL and EL. In the lung with ligated pulmonary artery: 1) VE was significantly reduced; 2) RL and EL were increased and were unresponsive to CO2, atropine and isoproterenol; and 3) VO2 decreased more than VCO2 and, consequently, respiratory quotient (RQ) was greater than 1. We conclude that, with chronic pulmonary artery obstruction, ventilation shifts to the contralateral lung because of an increase in RL and EL not related to airway smooth muscle tone.
THE CORRELATION OF PROCTOLOGY AND OTHER SPECIALTIES
Authors: RALPH W. JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The work of this section covers the diseases of the alimentary tract except the first part, which is covered by an older one than ours, viz., the Section on Stomatology. There is left to us to handle the pathologic conditions from the esophagus to the anus. As most men practice gastro-enterology, it is a medical specialty, and their surgical work is referred to general surgeons, which is probably as it should be. But as the problems of the first portion of the tract are essentially surgical, so also are those of the last part. Like stomatology, proctology has many problems that have little to do with gastro-enterology, and I wish to maintain the thesis that proctology is far more than the tag end of gastro-enterology. As a proctologist I have little quarrel with others of that name, except so far as some may belittle what is my concept of true