tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Self-efficacy and Binging to Adherence to Diabetes Regimen Among Adolescents
Authors: Christine H Littlefield, John L Craven, Gary M Rodin, Denis Daneman, Michael A Murray, Anne C Rydall
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

To test the hypothesis that poorer adherence to diabetes care is related to four variables associated with self-concept in adolescents with diabetes: self-esteem, self-efficacy, depression, and binging behavior. In addition, we expected adolescent females to be less adherent to diabetes care.We recruited 193 consecutive patients (aged 13-18 yr) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during their regular quarterly visit to a diabetes clinic in a large urban hospital. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Children's Depression Inventory, an assessment of the frequency of binging in the past 3 mo, and parallel forms of an adherence scale and a self-efficacy scale that were developed for use in this study.Adolescents who reported lower adherence tended to report lower self-esteem (r = 0.45, P less than 0.001) and self-efficacy (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001), more depressive symptoms (r = -0.50, P less than 0.001), more binging (r = -0.36, P less than 0.001), and had higher HbA1c (r = -0.24, P less than 0.001) than those with higher adherence scores. Together, the psychological variables accounted for 50% of the variance in adherence. There was no sex difference in reported binging, but, as expected, adolescent females reported less adherence overall (F[7,184] = 2.5, P = 0.018).Treatment adherence in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with behavioral and psychological variables. These findings suggest that specific behavioral and cognitive interventions could be used to improve adherence in those individuals who lack confidence in their ability to perform diabetes-related tasks.
Multiple Mongolism in a Family
Authors: J. V. Morris, R. C. MacGillivray
Journal: BMJ (1954)

MEDICAL JOURNA prolonged cooling.There was further opportunity for bacterial multiplication on the following day, when the sliced pork was warmed with hot gravy.The disproportion between the high number of persons apparently at risk and the number of people affected may be due to chances of distribution of contaminated and noncontaminated joints, or to variations of individual susceptibility as observed by McClung (1945).The evidence presented emphasizes the danger of con- sumption of meat dishes prepared the previous day.Ideally, meat should be eaten on the day it is cooked.When this is not practicable provision should be made for rapid cooling after cooking, adequate refrigeration, and speedy serving of the meat after removal from the refrigerator. SummaryAn outbreak of food-poisoning due to heat-resistant Cl. welchii is described.The organism was recovered from roast pork which had been consumed and from the faeces of 18 out of 40 persons affected.Cultures isolated from the roast pork and from 6 out of 17 stools were of identical serological type.Other evidence, however, suggested that the outbreak was due to a mixed infection with at least two sero- logical types.The risk involved in the serving of meat dishes prepared the day before their consumption is emphasizedWe are indebted to Dr. Betty Hobbs for carrying out the typing of the cultures isolated from this outbreak.Our thanks are also due to Dr. M. W. Hutchings for help in following up these cases and to Mrs. E.
Predictive Value of Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and the Impact of Renal Function on Cardiac Death
Authors: Abdul Hakeem, Sabha Bhatti, Kathryn Sullivan Dillie, Jeffrey R. Cook, Zainab Samad, Michelle D. Roth-Cline, Su Min Chang
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have worse cardiovascular outcomes than those without CKD. The prognostic utility of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission CT (MPS) in patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction and the impact of CKD on cardiac death prediction in patients undergoing MPS have not been investigated.We followed up 1652 consecutive patients who underwent stress MPS (32% exercise, 95% gated) for cardiac death for a mean of 2.15+/-0.8 years. MPS defects were defined with a summed stress score (normal summed stress score <4, abnormal summed stress score>or=4). Ischemia was defined as a summed stress score >or=4 plus a summed difference score >or=2, and scar was defined as a summed difference score <2 plus a summed stress score >or=4. Renal function was calculated with the Modified Diet in Renal Disease equation. CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2)) was present in 36%. Cardiac death increased with worsening levels of perfusion defects across the entire spectrum of renal function. Presence of ischemia was independently predictive of cardiac death, all-cause mortality, and nonfatal myocardial infarction. Patients with normal MPS and CKD had higher unadjusted cardiac death event rates than those with no CKD and normal MPS (2.7% versus 0.8%, P=0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models revealed that both perfusion defects (hazard ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.46) and CKD (hazard ratio 1.96, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.95) were independent predictors of cardiac death after accounting for risk factors, left ventricular dysfunction, pharmacological stress, and symptom status. Both MPS and CKD had incremental power for cardiac death prediction over baseline risk factors and left ventricular dysfunction (global chi(2) 207.5 versus 169.3, P<0.0001).MPS provides effective risk stratification across the entire spectrum of renal function. Renal dysfunction is also an important independent predictor of cardiac death in patients undergoing MPS. Renal function and MPS have additive value in risk stratisfying patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Patients with CKD appear to have a relatively less benign prognosis than those without CKD, even in the presence of a normal scan.
Radiation Damage to Thoracic Tissues
Authors: A. G. W. Whitfield, W. H. Bond, P. B. Kunkler
Journal: Thorax (1963)

Lesions in the chest developing after radiotherapy in 49 patients are described. Of all the thoracic tissues the lungs proved the most vulnerable to radiation damage. The risk is increased when large areas of lung are irradiated, the total dosage is high, and the course of treatment is given quickly. The 49 cases received irradiation of the thorax for breast cancer, malignant lymphomas, lung metastases, and esophageal and bronchial cancer. Seven of the 49 cases, all with severe bilateral damage, died from it. Thoracic irradiation caused in some cases constrictive pericarditis or was followed by transitory T wave changes in the electrocardiogram. The significance of the latter was uncertain. They were usually unassociated with cardiac symptoms or objective cardiac abnormality and disappeared within a year or less. Twelve of 27 patients studied showed such changes, and sudden death occurred in two. The most frequent manifestation of radiation damage to the bony structure of the thorax was fractured ribs. It usually followed postmastectomy radiotherapy. Other less common bony lesions attributable to radiation are described. Thoracic irradiation of females in childhood may result in mammary hypoplasia and absence of lactation. Radiation stricture of the esophagus was suspected in seven patients, but themore » diagnosis was disproved in each instance so this condition must be rare. The interval between the conclusion of x-ray treatment and development of symptoms attributable to radiation pneumonia varied from one to 16 weeks with a peak incidence at one month. Some people may be more sensitive to the harmful effects of radiation than others, but it was impossible to identify such subjects in advance of treatment. Age and arterial degenerative change did not appear to be relevant factors, but thin people seem more liable to radiation lung damage than those of greater body weight. Dominant influences in radiation lung damage were total dosage, rate of administration, and the percentage of the total lung volume irradiated; the risk was reduced if treatment was protracted in time. Six patients, undergoing wide-field thoracic irradiation, were given prophylactic cortisone in a dose of 75 to 100 mg daily during and for three months after radiotherapy. Of these, one died from radiation lung damage while still taking 50 mg cortisone daily and another developed a small area of radiation pneumonia which cleared completely while taking a similar dose. Phenindione was given to eight patients in whom wide-field thoracic irradiation was necessary, but of these three developed radiation pneumonia and one died from radiation damage to the heart, indicating that this anticoagulant may not diminish pulmonary radiation injury. (BBB)« less
Preventing congenital abnormalities.
Authors: S N Huddart, A Bianchi, C M Doig, A P Dickson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

A substantial but prudent investment of finances is therefore essential to provide a safe service in which the clinical needs of patients are held to be primary.It is not acceptable that patients with diagnostic problems in headache, cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal tumours, pain, epilepsy, space occupying lesions, and dementia-to choose limited examples- should be kept waiting for skilled professional diagnosis, investigation, sympathetic management, and treatment.Waiting times in one specialty do not correlate with waiting times in others.The slogan "reduction of waiting lists" as applied to elective surgery or outpatient appointments is simplistic and may have no relevance to actual or imminent medical needs of patients and their families.Rectification of this unbalanced approach is overdue and should be brought to the attention of management and to politicians who reorganise the health service.We
Stromelysin-3 Is a Potent Negative Regulator of Adipogenesis Participating to Cancer Cell-Adipocyte Interaction/Crosstalk at the Tumor Invasive Front
Authors: Kumari L. Andarawewa, Elena R. Motrescu, Marie-Pierre Chenard, Anne Gansmuller, Isabelle Stoll, Catherine Tomasetto, Marie-Christine Rio
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The initial invasive processes during cancer development remain largely unknown. Stromelysin-3/matrix metalloproteinase 11 (ST3/MMP11) is associated with tumor invasion and poor prognosis. We present novel evidence that adipocytes present at human breast tumor invasive front are induced by cancer cells to express ST3. Using mouse syngeneic model, light and electron microscopy showed that in ST3-deficient mice but not in wild-type mice, forced cancer cell-adipocyte interaction/crosstalk results in adipocyte membrane alteration, allowing cancer cell fat infiltration and death. Thus, adipocytes are involved in initial cancer cell survival into connective tissue, and this effect is ST3 mediated. This suggested that ST3 might play a role in adipocyte metabolism. Accordingly, ST3-deficient mice exhibited fat excess and increased mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) adipogenic markers, indicating that, in vivo, ST3 negatively regulates fat homeostasis. Moreover, ST3-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibited a dramatic enhanced potential to differentiate into adipocytes associated with increased PPARgamma and aP2 expression, and recombinant ST3 treatment reverted their differentiation. Thus, in vitro, ST3 reduces adipocyte differentiation in an autocrine manner. High fibroblasts/adipocytes ratio is a stroma feature, and peritumoral fibroblast origin remains debated. Our results support the concept that invading cancer cells aberrantly restore the negative ST3 function on adipogenesis into proximal adipocytes/preadipocytes, leading to the accumulation/maintenance of a particular peritumoral fibroblast subpopulation. Accordingly, in human breast tumors, we observed that ST3-expressing peritumoral fibroblasts are distinct from alpha-smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts. This constitutes the first report of implication of a MMP in cancer cell-adipocyte interaction/crosstalk during early steps of connective tissue invasion.
Metal sensitivity causing loosened joint prostheses.
Authors: K Christiansen, K Holmes, P J Zilko
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Metal sensitivity, as measured by an in-vitro assay on peripheral blood lymphocytes, was evaluated in patients with failed joint prostheses. Lymphocyte transformation to chromium, cobalt, and nickel was measured in 24 patients having revision surgery for a painful or loose prosthesis and compared with that in 11 patients who had a successful hip prothesis in situ for at least 2 years previously. A positive response (lymphocyte stimulation index greater than 3) to at least one of the metals was found in 71% of the revision group compared to 9% of controls (P &lt; 0.01). The positive correlation between prosthesis failure and in-vitro metal sensitivity suggests that cell-mediated immunity to metals to metals may play a role in prosthesis failure. Furthermore, this simple in-vitro test may provide the basis of a useful diagnostic test for an often difficult clinical problem.
Genetic Regulation of Hemodynamic Variables During Dynamic Exercise
Authors: M.B.M. van den Bree, R.M. Schieken, W.B. Moskowitz, L.J. Eaves
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Both resting and exercise levels of blood pressure in individuals have been used as predictors of adult hypertension. One possible mechanism underlying the relation between childhood resting and exercise blood pressure and future blood pressure is a set of genes expressed in childhood that persists to regulate adult blood pressure. Methods and Results To investigate the genetic relation of blood pressure and heart rate during both rest and exercise, we asked: (1) Are the genes that regulate resting hemodynamic variables the same genes that regulate these variables during exercise? (2) How much of the variance in exercise hemodynamic variables is genetic and how much is environmental? (3) Do the genetic and environmental influences on hemodynamic responses change with increasing levels of exercise? To determine how genetic and environmental effects expressed at rest influenced responses during dynamic exercise, a genetic analysis was conducted by fitting a series of models to the covariance matrices with the use of the LISREL VII program. Conclusions We found that all the genetic effects expressed at the later stages of exercise can be explained by genetic effects expressed at rest and at the first stage of exercise. The environmental effects appear to be workload specific and include errors of measurement.
Toxicity of Isotretinoin in a Chemoprevention Trial to Prevent Second Primary Tumours Following Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: S. E. BENNER, T. F. PAJAK, J. STETZ, S. M. LIPPMAN, W. K. HONG, S. P. SCHANTZ, M. J. GALLAGHER, G. SHENOUDA
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)
Increased saliva oestriol to progesterone ratio before preterm delivery: a possible predictor for preterm labor?
Authors: J Darne, H H McGarrigle, G C Lachelin
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Saliva oestriol, oestradiol, and progesterone concentrations were measured in 23 women who went into spontaneous preterm labour. The patients fell clinically and biochemically into two groups. The 13 who went into preterm labour with intact membranes had a saliva oestriol to progesterone ratio greater than one in every case and greater than the 95th centile for their length of gestation in 12 cases; by contrast, all those who went into spontaneous preterm labour after prolonged rupture of the membranes had an oestriol to progesterone ratio less than one and below the 50th centile for their period of gestation in the one to four days before delivery. Saliva oestradiol to progesterone ratios were randomly distributed throughout the normal range in both groups. It appears that preterm labour without prior prolonged rupture of the membranes is, like term labour, preceded by an increase in the saliva oestriol to progesterone ratio. It may therefore be possible to use this ratio to predict preterm labour.
Risk Factors of Functional Dyspepsia Based on Rome III Criteria and Different Subtypes
Authors: Yu-Jen Fang, Jyh-Ming Liou, Chieh-Chang Chen, Ji-Yuh Lee, Mei-Jyh Chen, Ping-Huei Tseng, Jaw-Town Lin, Hsiu-Po Wang, Ming-Shiang Wu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 4520: Elevated serum antibodies against insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 allow detecting early stage cancers: Evidences from glioma and colorectal carcinoma studies
Authors: Sonya W. Song, Yuchen Li, Jing Zhang, Bin Zhang, Wei Yang, Gan You, Kaiyu Xu, Jing Wu, Chenghua Luo, Tao Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Tumor-specific immunity of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) has been reported in several cancers. We aimed to assess the role of serum IGFBP-2 antibodies (IGFBP-2-Abs) in early cancer detection. Patients and Methods: Glioma and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) were used as models. Serum IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-2-Abs were measured in 260 tumor patients (145 gliomas, 45 colorectal polyps, and 70 CRCs) and 141 controls. Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied. Results: Serum IGFBP-2-Ab levels were significantly elevated in tumors (mean: 82.1 ng/ml, median: 17 ng/ml, range: 0-1,387 ng/ml) compared with controls (10.6 ng/ml, 0 ng/ml, 0-212 ng/ml) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and higher in early than advanced cancers opposite of serum IGFBP-2 levels. IGFBP-2-Abs effectively discriminated between controls and grade II and III gliomas [area under the curve (AUC): 0.821-0.864; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.762-0.936; P &amp;lt; 0.0001], and CRC I-II (AUC: 0.668; 95% CI = 0.566-0.770; P = 0.002) as well as indicative of advanced polyps at high risk of CRC (AUC: 0.72; 95% CI = 0.630-0.811; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing grade II-III gliomas reached 66.2% - 83.8% and 81%. Combined serum IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-2-Abs augmented the discriminative power of all stage tumors (AUC: 0.823), gliomas (AUC: 0.800), and CRCs (AUC = 0.917). Conclusions: Our results first demonstrate IGFBP-2-Abs for early cancer detection, and in combination of serum IGFBP-2 for improved cancer diagnosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4520. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4520
Pharmacological Inhibition of CB1Cannabinoid Receptor Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Partha Mukhopadhyay, Sándor Bátkai, Mohanraj Rajesh, Nora Czifra, Judith Harvey-White, György Haskó, Zsuzsanna Zsengeller, Norma P. Gerard, Lucas Liaudet, George Kunos, Pál Pacher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
STUDIES ON STREPTOCOCCAL BACTERIOPHAGES
Authors: Vincent A. Fischetti, Bruce Barron, John B. Zabriskie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Evidence has been presented that the burst size in the Group A and Group C streptococcal phage-host systems are in general similar producing approximately 13 phage particles per infected coccus. The exception was the C1 phage which produced 10 times more virus particles than all the other phages tested. The eclipse period for the A25 phage-host system was found to extend for 34 min, while the C1 phage were found as early as 10 min after infection. Conclusive evidence has been presented indicating that mercuric ions at 2.5 x 10–6 M concentration have the ability to halt intracellular phage production at any point during the infective cycle of A25 bacteriophages. This blocking action can then be quickly reversed with the addition of reduced glutathione with subsequent completion of the viral cycle.
Testosterone and the second sex
Authors: Jeffrey Foss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Because the reciprocal theory of Mazur &amp; Booth dominates the static basal model, given the evidence they present, it is worth considering the implications for women's equality, supposing it true. Testosterone might well give males a competitive edge, and hence higher status, creating an inequality that mere social legislation would be ill-suited to address. Further research on the role of testosterone is needed.
Social class, health behaviour, and mortality among men and women in eastern Finland
Authors: J. Pekkanen, J. Tuomilehto, A. Uutela, E. Vartiainen, A. Nissinen
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To evaluate the associations between social class as defined by occupation, health behaviour, and mortality from all causes and coronary heart disease among middle aged men and women in eastern Finland.Prospective observational study of two independent, random population samples examined in 1972 and 1977.North Karelia and Kuopio, Finland.8967 men and 9694 women aged 30-64 years at the beginning of the follow up study. The subjects were followed up for mortality up till 1987 by using the National Death Registry.Altogether 1429 men and 620 women died during the follow up, 603 men and 164 women of coronary heart disease. Among both sexes, compared with white collar workers unskilled blue collar workers had more adverse risk factors and also higher mortality due to coronary heart disease, other cardiovascular diseases, cancer, violent causes, and all other causes. Among men the age adjusted relative risk for all cause mortality in unskilled blue collar workers v white collar workers was reduced from 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.55 to 2.22) to 1.47 (1.23 to 1.77) when adjusted for smoking, serum cholesterol concentration, hypertension, body mass index, and physical activity in leisure time. Among women the corresponding reduction in hazard ratio was from 1.49 (1.15 to 1.92) to 1.39 (1.07 to 1.81). The respective hazard ratios for coronary heart disease were 1.54 (1.16 to 2.02) and 1.22 (0.92 to 1.61) among men and 1.74 (1.05 to 2.90) and 1.66 (0.99 to 2.79) among women.Unfavourable cardiovascular risk factors and high mortality are concentrated among lower social classes in Finland. Among men about half of the excess coronary and all cause mortality among unskilled blue collar workers was associated with their unfavourable risk factor profile. The association was smaller in women.
Commentary: The risk of over-regulation
Authors: C. D. Mario, S. James, D. Dudek, M. Sabate, M. Degertekin
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Commentary: The risk of over-regulation Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.