tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type
Authors: Kazutoshi Hori, Yoshi-Hiro Ide, Seiichi Hirota, Fumihiko Toyoshima, Tetsuya Takagawa, Shiro Nakamura
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

An asymptomatic 79-year-old man had been undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy annually since having an endoscopic resection of an intramucosal well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma of the middle body 9 years previously. He had also received Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, which had been successful, 10 years previously.
Bioassay of metals for carcinogenesis: whole animals.
Authors: A Furst
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Metals have been evaluated as potential carcinogens by administering pure elements or compounds by a large variety of routes. These include mixing the agent in the food, dissolving the test compound in the drinking water, or administering the material by gavage. The respiratory tract routes tested include inhalation, intratracheal instillation, the direct injection of particulates into the pleural cavity, or the implantation of hooks by surgical intervention. The parenteral routes used were intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous implantation, as well as intrafemoral and intramuscular injection. This latter route is the most commonly used. There are major objections to the subcutaneous implantations route, and data generated from these experiments are difficult to interpret for the foreign body reaction may give rise also to fibrosarcomas. This then is a nonspecific reaction. Exotic routes tested include intrarenal, intratesticular, and intracranial injections. The endpoints of the carcinogenic reactions are, in the main, sarcomas of certain types with fibrosarcomas predominating. Rhabdomyosarcomas are the next most frequent cancer found, and squamous cell carcinoma may account for less than 2% of the cancers reported. Much more research is necessary to clarify the nature of metal carcinogenesis. Dose-response information is almost nonexistent; the divided dose problem has not been studied adequately, and very little information is available on interspecies reactions. More work is needed to help interpret the mechanism of action.
Neurologic Manifestations of HIV Infection
Authors: David M. Simpson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To review the clinical features, pathogenetic mechanisms, and management of neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Data Sources: Studies published from 1983 to 1994 identified by MEDLINE literature search; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports; recent communications and abstracts; and authors' published and unpublished data. Study Selection: We selected studies that described the clinical characteristics of neurologic disorders in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), basic science studies addressing the mechanisms of direct or indirect neurologic damage in HIV infection, and clinical trials investigating the effects of therapeutic agents on the neurologic complications of AIDS. Data Extraction: We evaluated information and data on epidemiologic characteristics, clinical manifestations, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapy for neurologic complications of HIV disease and outlined a practical approach to assess and manage these disorders. Data Synthesis: In the past decade, basic and clinical studies have provided considerable information about neurologic manifestations of AIDS. Dementia is the most important “primary” neurologic complication of HIV infection. Focal lesions of the central nervous system include cerebral toxoplasmosis, lymphoma, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Other opportunistic infections include cytomegalovirus encephalitis, cryptococcal meningitis, and neurosyphilis. Various peripheral neuropathies and myopathies may occur in association with HIV infection or as toxic effects of antiretroviral agents. Conclusions: The prevalence of neurologic complications associated with HIV disease will increase as more effective therapies allow persons with AIDS to live longer. Early recognition and treatment of these disorders substantially affect patients' quality of life and survival.
Effect of uterine contractions on left atrial pressure in a pregnant woman with mitral stenosis.
Authors: P. Jakobi, Z. Adler, E. Z. Zimmer, S. Milo
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Several studies of peripartum haemodynamics in normal pregnancies have been performed.13 The results, however, are somewhat confusing, probably because of methodological factors and the use of indirect methods to assess haemodynamic variables.3 We are aware of only one study on peripartum haemodynamics in parturients with mitral stenosis in which a pulmonary artery catheter was used, but measurements were made only between contractions.4 We present a case showing a relation between direct measurements of left atrial pressure and uterine contractions in a pregnant woman during and after a closed mitral valve commissurotomy.
BMA meeting: Doctors call for further industrial action in pension dispute
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Doctors at the BMA’s annual representative meeting have called for further industrial action in their dispute with the government over changes to the NHS pension scheme.

The association’s governing council, headed by its newly elected chairman, Mark Porter, has deferred a decision on the next steps on industrial action and is instead seeking an urgent meeting with Andrew Lansley, the health secretary for England, to discuss the dispute.

Porter said, “It was clear from the debates today that doctors remain angry at the government for tearing up a pensions deal reached only four years ago and that made the scheme sustainable for the future. Our preferred option has always been to find a fairer way forward through negotiation, and I want to explore that with the secretary of state for health.” Further industrial action is, however, a “possibility,” he added.

Representatives at the annual meeting agreed that the council should consider a range of options for further industrial action, including withdrawing from clinical commissioning, providing a Christmas Day style emergency only service in hospitals, and coordinating action with other unions.

Around a third of general practices and four in five hospitals were affected when doctors across the United Kingdom took industrial action for 24 hours on 21 June.1 …
Exchangeable Sodium and Blood Volume in Normotensive and Hypertensive Humans on High and Low Sodium Intake
Authors: WALTER J. BROWN, FAITH K. BROWN, IQBAL KRISHAN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Eight normotensive and eight essential hypertensive humans were studied when on high and low sodium intake. Total 24-hr exchangeable body sodium, blood volume, serum sodium concentration, hematocrit, body weight, and mean arterial pressures, when the subjects were supine and upright, were measured. Plasma and nonplasma sodium fractions, nonplasma weight, and plasma, cell, and whole blood volumes, as referred to body weight and height, were calculated. Changes in these parameters with diet were also calculated. Specific differences between normotensives and hypertensives were found, in absolute values and with changes with diet. The hypertensives fell into two groups with regard to exchangeable sodium: in four the values varied with diet and in the other four, the values remained low regardless of diet. The "variable-sodium" patients had high upright arterial pressures when on high salt intake and normal upright pressures when on low salt intake. "Low-sodium" patients had high arterial pressures on both diets. Changes in upright pressures of hypertensives correlated significantly (r = 0.73) with changes in nonplasma exchangeable sodium.
A TENTATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF ALLERGIC DERMATOSES
Authors: MARION B. SULZBERGER
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The accompanying illustration and table give our suggestion for a schematic and tentative classification of the various common allergic dermatoses. The division is based on (a) the site of the shock tissue (epidermis or cutis) and (b) the length of time required for the development of the visible reaction, after the union of allergen and sensitized tissue.  In each of the first three groups the reaction to skin testing is characteristic: this has served as the criterion  Classification of Various Common Allergic Dermatoses   Eczematous Reactions  Site of shock tissue: epidermis  Reaction time: twenty-four or more hours  Characteristic lesion: spongiosis and intra-epidermal vesicle  Causative substances: frequently simple chemicals or products of fungi  Type of test: patch test  Tuberculin-Trichophytin-Type Reactions (not infrequently combined with eczematous responses)  Shock tissue: upper cutis, cutis  Reaction time: from twenty-four to forty-eight or more hours  Characteristic lesion:
ACETOZONE IN TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: RAY HUMISTON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

For a number of years acetozone has been vigorously pushed in the treatment of typhoid fever, the manufacturers making the following claims: A greater freedom from intestinal disturbances such as characteristic odor of stool, diarrhea, tympanites, hemorrhage, perforation, peritonitis. A diminution of the toxemia, and the consequent improvement in physical and mental condition. The return to normal temperature more quickly. A modification of the course, severity, and type. Complications less frequent. Relapses less frequent. Recovery more prompt and certain. We will see how far these claims are substantiated in a short series of 10 cases in which records have been kept; bearing in mind that the series is too short to indicate very much either way. All the patients in the series were treated by hydrotherapy with a milk diet. The acetozone solution contained from 15 to 20 grains to the quart, and was administered freely according to directions. <h3>FIRST</h3>
Association of gene expression involving innate immunity and genetic variation in interleukin 28B with antiviral response
Authors: Yasuhiro Asahina, Kaoru Tsuchiya, Masaru Muraoka, Keisuke Tanaka, Yuichiro Suzuki, Nobuharu Tamaki, Yoshihide Hoshioka, Yutaka Yasui, Tomoji Katoh, Takanori Hosokawa, Ken Ueda, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Jun Itakura, Yuka Takahashi, Masayuki Kurosaki, Nobuyuki Enomoto, Sayuri Nitta, Naoya Sakamoto, Namiki Izumi
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Innate immunity plays an important role in host antiviral response to hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL28B and host response to peginterferon α (PEG-IFNα) and ribavirin (RBV) were shown to be strongly associated. We aimed to determine the gene expression involving innate immunity in IL28B genotypes and elucidate its relation to response to antiviral treatment. We genotyped IL28B SNPs (rs8099917 and rs12979860) in 88 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with PEG-IFNα-2b/RBV and quantified expressions of viral sensors (RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2), adaptor molecule (IPS-1), related ubiquitin E3-ligase (RNF125), modulators (ISG15 and USP18), and IL28 (IFNλ). Both IL28B SNPs were 100% identical; 54 patients possessed rs8099917 TT/rs12979860 CC (IL28B major patients) and 34 possessed rs8099917 TG/rs12979860 CT (IL28B minor patients). Hepatic expressions of viral sensors and modulators in IL28B minor patients were significantly up-regulated compared with that in IL28B major patients (≈ 3.3-fold, P < 0.001). However, expression of IPS-1 was significantly lower in IL28B minor patients (1.2-fold, P = 0.028). Expressions of viral sensors and modulators were significantly higher in nonvirological responders (NVR) than that in others despite stratification by IL28B genotype (≈ 2.6-fold, P < 0.001). Multivariate and ROC analyses indicated that higher RIG-I and ISG15 expressions and RIG-I/IPS-1 expression ratio were independent factors for NVR. IPS-1 down-regulation in IL28B minor patients was confirmed by western blotting, and the extent of IPS-1 protein cleavage was associated with the variable treatment response.Gene expression involving innate immunity is strongly associated with IL28B genotype and response to PEG-IFNα/RBV. Both IL28B minor allele and higher RIG-I and ISG15 expressions and RIG-I/IPS-1 ratio are independent factors for NVR.
Preintegration HIV-1 Inhibition by a Combination Lentiviral Vector Containing a Chimeric TRIM5α Protein, a CCR5 shRNA, and a TAR Decoy
Authors: Joseph S Anderson, John Javien, Jan A Nolta, Gerhard Bauer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene therapy offers a promising alternative approach to current antiretroviral treatments to inhibit HIV-1 infection. Various stages of the HIV life cycle including pre-entry, preintegration, and postintegration can be targeted by gene therapy to block viral infection and replication. By combining multiple highly potent anti-HIV transgenes in a single gene therapy vector, HIV-1 resistance can be achieved in transduced cells while prohibiting the generation of escape mutants. Here, we describe a combination lentiviral vector that encodes three highly effective anti-HIV genes functioning at separate stages of the viral life cycle including a CCR5 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) (pre-entry), a human/rhesus macaque chimeric TRIM5 alpha (postentry/preintegration), and a transactivation response element (TAR) decoy (postintegration). The major focus on designing this anti-HIV vector was to block productive infection of HIV-1 and to inhibit any formation of provirus that would maintain the viral reservoir. Upon viral challenge, potent preintegration inhibition of HIV-1 infection was achieved in combination vector-transduced cells in both cultured and primary CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC)-derived macrophages. The generation of escape mutants was also blocked as evaluated by long-term culture of challenged cells. The ability of this combination anti-HIV lentiviral vector to prevent HIV-1 infection, in vitro, warrants further evaluation of its in vivo efficacy.
Risk for Fracture in Women with Low Serum Levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Authors: Douglas C. Bauer, Bruce Ettinger, Michael C. Nevitt, Katie L. Stone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism may be associated with low bone mass, particularly in older postmenopausal women, but no prospective studies of thyroid function and subsequent fracture risk have been done. Objective: To examine the association between low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and fracture in older women. Design: Prospective cohort study with case-cohort sampling. Setting: Four clinical centers in the United States. Patients: 686 women older than 65 years of age from a cohort of 9704 women recruited from population-based listings between 1986 and 1988. Measurements: Baseline assessment of calcaneal bone mass, spine radiography, and history of thyroid disease. Spine radiography was repeated after a mean follow-up of 3.7 years; nonspine fractures were centrally adjudicated. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was measured in sera obtained at baseline from 148 women with new hip fractures, 149 women with new vertebral fractures, and a subsample of 398 women randomly selected from the cohort. Results: After adjustment for age, history of previous hyperthyroidism, self-rated health, and use of estrogen and thyroid hormone, women with a low TSH level (≤ 0.1 mU/L) had a threefold increased risk for hip fracture (relative hazard, 3.6 [95% CI, 1.0 to 12.9]) and a fourfold increased risk for vertebral fracture (odds ratio, 4.5 [CI, 1.3 to 15.6]) compared with women who had normal TSH levels (0.5 to 5.5 mU/L). After adjustment for TSH level, a history of hyperthyroidism was associated with a twofold increase in hip fracture (relative hazard, 2.2 [CI, 1.0 to 4.4]), but use of thyroid hormone itself was not associated with increased risk for hip fracture (relative hazard, 0.5 [CI, 0.2 to 1.3]). Conclusions: Women older than 65 years of age who have low serum TSH levels, indicating physiologic hyperthyroidism, are at increased risk for new hip and vertebral fractures. Use of thyroid hormone itself does not increase risk for fracture if TSH levels are normal.
Evaluation of depression as a risk factor for treatment failure in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Peter Derek Christian Leutscher, Martin Lagging, Mads Rauning Buhl, Court Pedersen, Gunnar Norkrans, Nina Langeland, Kristine Mørch, Martti Färkkilä, Simon Hjerrild, Kristoffer Hellstrand, Per Bech
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The Major Depression Inventory (MDI) was used to estimate the value of routine medical interviews in diagnosing major depression among patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (n = 325). According to criteria from the MDI and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 19 patients (6%) had major depression at baseline. An additional 114 (37%) developed depression while on HCV combination therapy, with baseline MDI score and female sex independently predicting the emergence of major depression during treatment in a multivariate analysis. Only 36 (32%) of the 114 patients developing major depression according to MDI/DSM-IV criteria were correctly diagnosed during routine medical interviews. The emergence of major depression frequently led to premature discontinuation of peginterferon/ribavirin therapy, and an on-treatment MDI score increment exceeding 30 points (i.e., a validated marker of idiopathic DSM-IV major depression) was correlated with impaired outcome of HCV therapy (P = 0.02). This difference was even more pronounced among patients with an on-treatment increase in MDI score greater than 35 points (P = 0.003). Conclusion: We conclude that (1) depressive symptoms among patients undergoing HCV therapy are commonly overlooked by routine clinical interviews, (2) the emergence of depression compromises the outcome of HCV therapy, and (3) the MDI scale may be useful in identifying patients at risk for treatment-induced depression. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;)
Orthopaedic surgeon who botched four operations while working as a locum is struck off
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A surgeon whose attempt to repair a fractured ankle was called “a spectacular failure” by one consultant and “a frightening example of orthopaedic surgery” by another has been struck off the UK medical register.

Gladys Johnson-Ogbuneke, who qualified in Nigeria, botched four operations in 2010 and 2011 while working as a locum registrar in trauma and orthopaedics at South London Healthcare NHS Trust, a Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service panel found. One consultant, Mr B, who had previously worked with her, refused to let her operate on any of his patients, and she was assigned to work with another consultant, Mr O.

Two of Johnson-Ogbuneke’s bungled operations were hip hemiarthroplasties. In one, performed on Patient A, she was unable to remove the fractured femoral head out of the hip socket, and the operation had …
Columbus' Trips to America
Authors: Hector L. Mulero
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  I enjoyed the article by Dr Lopez entitled Medical Notes on Columbus's First Trip to America (236:1598, 1976). The pioneer efforts of Masters Juan Sanchez, the surgeon; Alonzo de Moguer, the barber-surgeon; and Diego, the apothecary; have been neglected over the centuries by historians. Each of these three medical officers received a salary of 1,000 maravedis (approximately $6.75 in gold) per month.  In his second trip to America, Columbus left the port of Cadiz on Sept 25, 1493. This was a better financed trip which included 17 caravels and 1,200 men. Columbus recruited the services of the first graduate physician to come to the New World, Diego Alvarez de la Chanca. He was a prominent physician from Seville and served as fleet surgeon aboard the flagshipMarigalante. He kept a journal of his observations of the voyage and eventually gave this document to the city council of Seville.
lndium-111 White Blood Cell Scans: Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy, and Normal Patterns of Distribution
Authors: BARRY H. GUZE, MILO M. WEBBER, RANDALL A. HAWKINS, KUSUM SINHA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The UCLA Hospital experience with indium-111 labeled white blood cells was reviewed. There were a total of 345 consecutive cases covering a broad range of clinical indications. The overall sensitivity of the method was 79%, specificity was 62%, and accuracy was 73%. The sensitivity for suspected osteomyelitis cases was 84%, with a specificity of 65% and an accuracy of 75%. For other cases sensitivity was 77%, specificity was 60%, and accuracy was 72%. Furthermore, patterns of normal distribution were reviewed.
Patterns of intermediate filaments, VLA integrins and HLA antigens in a new human biliary epithelial cell line sensitive to interferon-γ
Authors: Sylvie Rumin, Olivier Loréal, Bernard Drénou, Bruno Turlin, Maryvonne Rissel, Jean-Pierre Campion, Philippe Gripon, Alastair J. Strain, Bruno Clément, Cristiane Guguen-Gauillouzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Early Uses of "Outpatient"
Authors: BERNADINE Z. PAULSHOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1973Early Uses of "Outpatient"BERNADINE Z. PAULSHOCK, M.D.BERNADINE Z. PAULSHOCK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-4-615_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I have often wondered the derivation of the word "outpatient" and thought perhaps I had discovered it in an article in your journal (1). In a paper about Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse, a controversial Massachusetts physician in the early 1800s, Dr. Thurm reproduced a letter of Waterhouse's in which he discussed the problems presented by the increasing numbers of seamen presenting themselves to the marine Hospital in Charleston, Massachusetts.". . . I have instituted what we call'out-patient', that is given advice and medicine to numbers . . . and thereby preventing them from becoming boarders. But...References1. THURM R: Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse and the Boston Marine Hospital. Ann Intern Med 76:801-813, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar2. AIKEN J: Thoughts on Hospitals, London 1771, quoted in New England Hospitals by EATON LK. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1957 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1973Volume 78, Issue 4Page: 615-615KeywordsArmed forcesOutpatients Issue Published: 1 April 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...