tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5254: NLRR family proteins play distinct roles in deciding cell fate and affect the clinical outcome in neuroblastomas
Authors: Atsushi Takatori, MD. Shamim Hossain, Jesmin Akter, Atsuko Nakagawa, Yusuke Suenaga, Yohko Nakamura, Miki Ohira, Toshinori Ozaki, Akira Nakagawara
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have previously generated neuroblastoma (NB)-prone oligo-capping cDNA libraries from primary neuroblastomas and identified novel important genes. Among those, we selected human neuronal leucine-rich repeat protein (NLRR) family genes for understanding of their functional roles in biology and clinical behavior of NB. In our previous observations, the expression level of NLRR1 mRNA is significantly higher in unfavorable NBs than favorable ones and its high expression is associated with poor clinical outcome, whereas that of NLRR3 is significantly high in favorable NBs in association with good prognosis. These findings suggested that NLRR1 and NLRR3 may have a different and opposite role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in NB. On the other hand, NLRR2 is similarly expressed in both subsets of NB. However, their real function in NB still remains elusive. Our present studies showed that cell proliferation was increased by overexpression of NLRR1 with enhanced EGF and IGF signals. NLRR1 proteins localized in cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomain of cellular membrane and its expression altered the membrane distribution of EGFR and IGF-1R. Treatment of methyl-β-cyclodextrin to deplete membrane cholesterol and disrupt lipid rafts diminished the effect of NLRR1 on EGFR, suggesting that NLRR1 accelerates growth signaling pathway through lipid raft microdomains. Transcriptional study revealed that stimulation of EGF and IGF signaling enhanced the transcriptional activity of MYCN gene and MYCN in turn transactivates NLRR1 transcription, suggesting that NLRR1 and MYCN, both of which are poor prognostic factors in NBs, form a positive feedback loop via EGFR and IGF-1R. On the contrary, we observed opposite results in the study on NLRR3. The transcription was negatively regulated by MYCN with Max and Miz-1. Interestingly, enforced expression of NLRR3 induced neuronal differentiation and siRNA-mediated knockdown of NLRR3 reduced retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation in NB cells. Quantitative PCR also showed the inverse relationship between NLRR3 and MYCN in primary NB tissues. The combination of low NLRR3 and low Miz-1 expression or that of low NLRR3 and high MYCN expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis. The current study on NLRR2 so far indicated its involvement in endoplasmic reticulum-stress response. Collectively, our results suggest that the transcriptional regulation varies between NLRR family genes and they play different roles in cell fate decision and contribute to the clinical outcome of NBs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5254.
Duodenogastric Reflux Shown on Raw Data Images on Dual-Isotope Gated Cardiac Tc-99m Tetrofosmin SPECT in a Patient With Esophagectomy for Barrett Esophagus
Authors: Wei-Jen Shih, Primo P. Milan, George L. Shih
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Extracardiac activity in the thorax can be malignant or benign on dual-isotope raw data images. The authors present a postesophagectomy patient for Barrett esophagus that resulted in duodenogastroesophageal reflux exhibited on raw data images of dual-isotope cardiac SPECT with Tl-201 and Tc-99m tetrofosmin. The incidental extracardiac activity in the thorax should be included in comprehensive cardiac SPECT interpretation.
A Pair of Large Twins.
Authors: W. A. Kickland
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Fort Collins, Colo., Nov. 22, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On Nov. 7, 1898, I was called to attend Mrs. C. in confinement. Found the abdomen enormously distended, and from the size and irregular shape I diagnosed probable multiple pregnancy. In five hours I delivered her of a girl baby weighing ten and three-quarter pounds, and four hours later of a boy weighing ten pounds. Both children are strong and healthy. The girl was delivered without assistance, but the boy had to be delivered with forceps. Both were the left occipito-anterior presentation. There was but slight laceration, and aside from some rise in the temperature of the mother, during the first week, everything proceeded normally. The placentæ were separate and small. There is no history of twins in the family so far as I can learn. The patient is 20 years of age, married one year and a primapara. Fraternally, Respectfully
Central Delivery of Dicer-substrate siRNA: A Direct Application for Pain Research
Authors: Louis Doré-Savard, Geneviève Roussy, Marc-André Dansereau, Michael A Collingwood, Kim A Lennox, Scott D Rose, Nicolas Beaudet, Mark A Behlke, Philippe Sarret
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

RNA interference (RNAi) is gaining acceptance as a potential therapeutic strategy against peripheral disease, and several clinical trials are already underway with 21-mer small-interfering RNA (siRNA) as the active pharmaceutical agent. However, for central affliction like pain, such innovating therapies are limited but nevertheless crucial to improve pain research and management. We demonstrate here the proof-of-concept of the use of 27-mer Dicer-substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) for silencing targets related to CNS disorders such as pain states. Indeed, low dose DsiRNA (0.005 mg/kg) was highly efficient in reducing the expression of the neurotensin receptor-2 (NTS2, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in ascending nociception) in rat spinal cord through intrathecal (IT) administration formulated with the cationic lipid i-Fect. Along with specific decrease in NTS2 mRNA and protein, our results show a significant alteration in the analgesic effect of a selective-NTS2 agonist, reaching 93% inhibition up to 3-4 days after administration of DsiRNA. In order to ensure that these findings were not biased by unsuspected off-target effects (OTEs), we also demonstrated that treatment with a second NTS2-specific DsiRNA also reversed NTS2-induced antinociception, and that NTS2-specific 27-mer duplexes did not alter signaling through NTS1, a closely related receptor. Altogether, DsiRNAi represents a potent tool for dissecting nociceptive pathways and could further lead to a new class of central active drugs.
The Use of Technetium-99m Pertechnetate in Postoperative Thyroid Carcinoma A Comparative Study with lodine-131
Authors: N F KHAMMASH, R K HALKAR, H M ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Over 3 years, a prospective comparison was made between Tc-99m pertechnetate and I-131 for the detection of residual and metastatic tissue in the follow-up of patients with cancer of the thyroid. All patients stopped thyroid medication for a minimum of 4 weeks. All patients had imaging done first with Tc-99m pertechnetate followed within a maximum of 2 weeks by I-131. The study included 66 patients in whom 81 studies were done with both Tc-99m and I-131. The results showed that 27 studies were positive with both Tc-99m and I-131 (true positive): 19 in the thyroid bed, four lymph nodes, two bony metastases, and two pulmonary metastases. Five patients had negative results with Tc-99m and positive results with I-131 (false negative): three in the thyroid bed, one lymph node metastasis, and one pulmonary metastasis. Only one case was positive with Tc-99m in the neck but negative with I-131 (false positive). The remaining 48 studies were negative both with Tc-99m and I-131 (true negative). Considering I-131 imaging as the standard procedure, Tc-99m had a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 97%, and accuracy of 92.5% for the detection of residual or metastatic functioning thyroid tissue.
Asthma Overlooked in Elderly
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transmural Drainage of Cystic Peripancreatic Lesions with a New Large-Channel Echo Endoscope
Authors: H. Seifert, D. Faust, T. Schmitt, C. Dietrich, W. Caspary, T. Wehrmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

The availability of a new large-channel echo endoscope led us to develop a new needle-stent device for endoscopic puncture and drainage of pancreatogenic cystic lesions. The purpose of this study was to examine whether endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided one-step 10-F puncture and drainage with the new equipment could be feasible and successful. The use of the technique and the short-term outcome in our first four patients are described and discussed.Cystic lesions were drained using the new technique in four patients. All the patients had symptomatic peripancreatic lesions, one with intrahepatic and one with intrasplenic extension. Punctures were carried out using a new echo endoscope with a 3.7 mm working channel and an Albarran lever. The 10-F transmural stents were placed over a 1 mm stainless steel needle and a 6-F Teflon catheter using a special assembly designed for controlled one-step placement and stent release.Puncture and drainage were technically successful in two patients. In one patient, the 10-F component failed to pass the cystic wall. Drainage was successful in the same session using a 7-F one-step device. In one patient, no stent was placed, but the 1 mm needle was used for diagnostic tissue sampling during the procedure because of the suspicious cyst morphology. Surgical resection revealed a ganglioneuroma.The new echo endoscope allows endoscopic interventions for peripancreatic cystic lesions under excellent endoscopic and EUS control. The Albarran lever was reliable and helpful for optimal direction of the needle. The new echo endoscope combined with special needle-stent devices was effective and safe for diagnosis and therapy in the first four cystic lesions. Cystic tumors must always be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with apparently pancreatitis-induced cystic lesions.
A collagen enhancer-promoter construct in transgenic mice is markedly stimulated by ethanol administration
Authors: C M Walton, G Y Wu, C A Petruff, S H Clark, A C Lichtler, C H Wu
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Type I collagen synthesis and deposition is generally indicative of irreversible damage in alcohol-induced cirrhosis in humans. However, in rodents, ethanol alone does not readily cause hepatic fibrosis. To determine whether this is because of a lack of ethanol-responsive elements, an artificial enhancer construct controlling rat type I collagen gene transcription was prepared in transgenic mice. The gene construct, ColCAT3.6, was a chimeric sequence containing the marker chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to 3.5 kb of the rat α 1(I) 5′-flanking DNA, and 115 base pairs (bp) of transcribed collagen gene. Groups of transgenic mice were given 4 g/kg ethanol orally, twice daily for 4 weeks. As a positive control for hepatic fibrosis, transgenic mice were given intraperitoneal injections of CCl 4 , twice weekly for 4 weeks. Livers were assayed for CAT activity. Endogenous mouse collagen α 1(I) messenger RNA (mRNA) and transgene CAT mRNA were measured by RNase protection assays. Collagen synthesis in livers from the transgenic mice treated with ethanol were increased over controls, but the levels were not significantly different. Endogenous collagen α 1(I) steady-state mRNA levels in ethanol-treated mice were not significantly different compared with saline-treated controls. However, the transgene mRNA levels in ethanol-treated animals increased approximately 21-fold compared with saline-treated controls, as measured by RNase protection assays. Furthermore, the transgene product as measured by CAT activity in ethanol-treated mice was significantly increased threefold over saline-treated controls. We conclude that the 5′-flanking region of the rat α 1(I) collagen gene does contain regulatory elements that are strongly responsive to ethanol administration.
COMPARISON OF TC-99M SESTAMIBI (MIBI) AND MRI IN SUSPECTED BREAST CANCER PATIENT WITH DENSE BREASTS
Authors: N. Nagaraj, A. Waxman, J. Silverman, M. Jochelson, S. Khan, L. Memsic, J. Yadegar, E. Phillips
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Nagaraj, N.; Waxman, A.; Silverman, J.; Jochelson, M.; Khan, S.; Memsic, L.; Yadegar, J.; Phillips, E. Author Information
Effect of biventricular pacing on symptoms and cardiac remodelling in patients with end‐stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dominic P.S. Rogers, Stefania Marazia, Anthony W. Chow, Pier D. Lambiase, Martin D. Lowe, Michael Frenneaux, William J. McKenna, Perry M. Elliott
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Spare Parts: Organ Replacement in American Society
Authors: Robert E. McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In<i>Spare Parts</i>, Renee Fox and Judith Swazey have updated us on their continued and lifelong study of the ethical, moral, social, and cultural processes of therapeutic innovation. As with their initial<i>The Courage to Fail</i>, they have remained with organ transplantation as their basic scientific model and have approached the subject from a sharply different angle than did William A. Nolen, MD, in his<i>Spare Parts for the Human Body</i>(Random House, 1971). In the nearly 20 years between publication of the two works by Fox and Swazey, their idealism has matured, as has their field of chosen study. Their "research physicians" have adapted to market forces as the field of transplantation exploded from the experimental kidney transplant (as discussed by Nolen) to broad acceptance of transplantation of the heart, liver, heart and lung, and more experimental segmented organ transplants, in efforts to save or prolong life. They do
Alterations in elastin and collagen related to the mechanism of progressive pulmonary venous obstruction in a piglet model. A hemodynamic, ultrastructural, and biochemical study.
Authors: J I LaBourene, J G Coles, D J Johnson, A Mehra, F W Keeley, M Rabinovitch
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We created an animal model to understand better the pathogenesis and underlying mechanism of progressive central pulmonary venous (PV) obstruction, a condition not amenable to current therapy. Twenty piglets underwent banding of their PVs, 18 had a sham operation, and 12 were nonoperated controls. After 1, 3, and 6 weeks hemodynamic data were obtained and correlated with ventricular weights, PV and pulmonary artery (PA) distensibilities (at 1 week), morphometric structural and ultrastructural analyses, and biochemical assessment of elastin determined gravimetrically (and by desmosine level at 1 week), collagen, and elastase activity. At 1 week, PV banding was associated with increased PV compliance (p less than 0.05). At 3 weeks, an increased PA pressure (Ppa) (p less than 0.05) was observed, unaccompanied by a rise in PV pressure (Pcw). In the PV, however, there was breakdown of the internal elastic lamina with apparent migration of smooth muscle cells from media to subendothelium. At 6 weeks, a rise in Pcw (p less than 0.01), a further rise in Ppa (p less than 0.01), and right ventricular hypertrophy (p less than 0.005) were observed. We also observed mild PV intimal thickening (p less than 0.01), complete degradation of elastic laminae (p less than 0.05), and an increase in collagen assessed morphometrically (p less than 0.01). The banding procedure resulted in an overall increase in PV elastin synthesis and in the proportion of elastin determined gravimetrically (p less than 0.05 for both) but not by desmosine level, suggesting the possibility of poor cross-linking of elastin, which might account for the early increased distensibility of the PV. However, our assay could not detect an increase in elastase activity associated with either the increased distensibility or the ultrastructural changes of elastin degradation. The increased Ppa was not associated with significant PA biochemical or structural changes. We speculate that in response to distal venous obstruction, early remodeling of the PVs increases distensibility, protecting the lung from venous congestion and blunting a rise in Pcw. PA hypertension precedes the rise in Pcw, likely because of reflex vasoconstriction. The subsequent modest rise in Pcw is already associated with extensive fibrosis of the PV, suggesting a reason for unsuccessful current therapy and a need for consideration of earlier assessment and intervention.
Thymocyte emigration is mediated by active movement away from stroma-derived factors
Authors: Mark C. Poznansky, Ivona T. Olszak, Richard H. Evans, Zhengyu Wang, Russell B. Foxall, Douglas P. Olson, Kathryn Weibrecht, Andrew D. Luster, David T. Scadden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

T cells leave the thymus at a specific time during differentiation and do not return despite elaboration of known T cell chemoattractants by thymic stroma. We observed differentiation stage-restricted egress of thymocytes from an artificial thymus in which vascular structures or hemodynamics could not have been playing a role. Hypothesizing that active movement of cells away from a thymic product may be responsible, we demonstrated selective reduction in emigration from primary thymus by inhibitors of active movement down a concentration gradient (chemofugetaxis). Immature intrathymic precursors were insensitive to an emigration signal, whereas mature thymocytes and peripheral blood T cells were sensitive. Thymic stroma was noted to elaborate at least two proteins capable of inducing emigration, one of which was stromal cell-derived factor-1. Thymic emigration is mediated, at least in part, by specific fugetaxis-inducing factors to which only mature cells respond.
Abstract 1089: Matrix stiffening and β1 integrin promote fibroblast accumulation in lung squamous cell carcinomas but not in adenocarcinomas
Authors: Jordi Alcaraz, Marta Puig, Roberto Lugo, Alícia Giménez, Adriana Velásquez, Roland Galgoczy, Josep Ramírez, Abel Gómez-Caro, Pere Gascón, Noemi Reguart
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The mechanisms underlying the abundance of tumor associated fibrobasts (TAFs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain poorly understood. To address this gap of knowedge, we examined the relative contribution of mechanical (i.e. matrix rigidity) and soluble biochemical (i.e. serum) cues in the accumulation of primary TAFs from either adenocarcinoma (ADC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) NSCLC patients. For this purpose, fibroblasts were cultured on collagen-I coated gels engineered to exhibit either normal- or tumor-like stiffnesses at different serum concentrations. In fibroblasts from non-malignant tissue, matrix stiffening alone was sufficient to increase fibroblast accumulation by 20%. In addition, matrix stiffening-induced accumulation was dominant or comparable to that due to soluble growth factors up to moderate serum concentrations. These mechanical stimulatory effects were β1 integrin-dependent, and were associated with both increased integrin mechanosensing through FAKpY397and a post-transcriptionally-driven rise in β1 integrin expression. The latter mechanoregulatory circuit could be extended to TAFs in a subtype-dependent fashion, since SQC-TAFs exhibited higher FAKpY397 and β1 expression than ADC-TAFs. Remarkably, SQC-TAF density was enhanced &amp;gt; 50% in response to matrix stiffening, whereas they were largely desensitized to serum. Conversely, substantial accumulation of ADC-TAFs required large serum concentration, whereas it was poorly induced by either matrix stiffening or low serum concentration. These results reveal that a therapeutic strategy aiming to inhibit soluble growth factors may be effective against ADC-TAFs, whereas a strategy aiming to rescue normal lung elasticity may be more efficient against SQC-TAFs. Citation Format: Jordi Alcaraz, Marta Puig, Roberto Lugo, Alícia Giménez, Adriana Velásquez, Roland Galgoczy, Josep Ramírez, Abel Gómez-Caro, Pere Gascón, Noemi Reguart. Matrix stiffening and β1 integrin promote fibroblast accumulation in lung squamous cell carcinomas but not in adenocarcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1089. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1089
Antibiotic Use Among Medical Specialties in a Community Hospital
Authors: Gerald J. Jogerst
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Antibiotic use in a community hospital was evaluated to demonstrate specialty variations. A chart review was performed using the Veterans Administration's "Guidelines for Peer Review" to determine appropriate antibiotic use. Of the 1,054 patients discharged in August 1977, three hundred ten (29.4%) received 479 courses of antibiotics of which two hundred eighty-seven (60%) were considered appropriate. Seventy-two percent of the therapeutic courses and 36% of the prophylactic courses were appropriate. Prophylactic antibiotics were used in 12% of the hospitalized patients and accounted for 33% of the total antibiotics. No notable difference in appropriate antibiotic use was found among general surgeons (73%), internists (72%), orthopedists (71%), and family practitioners (67%). Substantially lower levels were found among urologists (54%), otolaryngologists (44%), and obstetricians (36%). Continued education in proper antibiotic use is needed especially for prophylaxis. Educational programs directed at specific specialties may be the most fruitful way to effect improved overall antibiotic use.
Development of new renal scars: a collaborative study.
Authors: J M Smellie, P G Ransley, I C Normand, N Prescod, D Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In a study of the factors surrounding the development of renal scars clinical data and serial radiographs were analysed in 74 infants and children (66 girls and eight boys) without duplex kidney or obstruction. The development of new scars was seen radiologically in 87 kidneys (74 previously normal and 13 previously scarred). New scarring was extensive in 16 kidneys. Thirty four children were aged 5 or over when scarring occurred. Urinary infection occurred in all the children. Diagnosis and effective treatment were delayed in 45 of them; 58 suffered further urinary infections between the baseline intravenous urogram and the first showing new scarring. Vesicoureteric reflux was seen in 67 of the children. Investigation and treatment varied widely, and few children received long term prophylaxis. Social problems interfered with the management of 22 children. Early diagnosis, prompt effective treatment, investigation, and long term supervision of children with urinary infection are essential if renal scarring is to be reduced; those over the age of 5 are still vulnerable.