tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Amiodarone on Clinical Status and Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Barry M. Massie, Susan G. Fisher, Prakash C. Deedwania, Bramah N. Singh, Ross D. Fletcher, Steven N. Singh
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Although trials of amiodarone therapy in patients with congestive heart failure have produced discordant results with regard to effects on survival, most studies have reported a significant rise in left ventricular ejection fraction during long-term therapy. In the present study, we determined whether this increase in ejection fraction is associated with an improvement in the symptoms and/or physical findings of heart failure or a reduction in the number of hospitalizations for heart failure. Methods and Results In the Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study of amiodarone in congestive heart failure, 674 patients with New York Heart Association class II through IV symptoms and ejection fractions of ≤40% were treated with amiodarone or placebo for a median of 45 months in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Clinical assessments and radionuclide ejection fraction were performed at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months. Compared with the placebo group, ejection fraction increased more in the amiodarone group at each time point (8.1±10.2% [mean±SD] versus 2.6±7.9% at 6 months, 8.0±10.9% versus 2.7±8.0% at 12 months, and 8.8±10.1% versus 1.9±9.4% after 24 months, all P &lt;.001). However, this difference was not associated with greater clinical improvement, lesser diuretic requirements, or fewer hospitalizations for heart failure (11.1% for amiodarone and 13.6% for placebo group; overall relative risk in the amiodarone group, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.56 to 1.10], P =.18). Of note is the trend toward a reduction in the combined end point of hospitalizations and cardiac deaths (relative risk, 0.82 [CI, 0.65 to 1.03], P =.08), which was significant in patients with nonischemic etiology (relative risk, 0.56 [CI, 0.36 to 0.87], P =.01) and absent in the ischemic group (relative risk, 0.95). Conclusions Although amiodarone therapy resulted in a substantial increase in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with congestive heart failure, this was not associated with clinical benefit in the population as a whole. The substantial reduction in the combined end point of cardiac death plus hospitalizations for heart failure in the nonischemic group suggests possible benefit in these patients.
Dominant-Negative <i>KvLQT1</i> Mutations Underlie the LQT1 Form of Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Fouad Y. Shalaby, Paul C. Levesque, Wen-Pin Yang, Wayne A. Little, Mary Lee Conder, Tonya Jenkins-West, Michael A. Blanar
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Mutations that map to the KvLQT1 gene on human chromosome 11 account for more than 50% of inherited long QT syndrome (LQTS). It has been discovered recently that the KvLQT1 and minK proteins functionally interact to generate a current with biophysical properties similar to I Ks , the slowly activating delayed-rectifier cardiac potassium current. Since I Ks modulates the repolarization of cardiac action potentials it is reasonable to hypothesize that mutations in KvLQT1 reduce I Ks , resulting in the prolongation of cardiac action potential duration. Methods and Results We expressed LQTS-associated Kv LQT1 mutants in Xenopus oocytes either individually or in combination with wild-type KvLQT1 or in combination with both wild-type KvLQT1 and minK. Substitutions of alanine with proline in the S2-S3 cytoplasmic loop (A177P) or threonine with isoleucine in the highly conserved signature sequence of the pore (T311I) yield inactive channels when expressed individually, whereas substitution of leucine with phenylalanine in the S5 transmembrane domain (L272F) yields a functional channel with reduced macroscopic conductance. However, all these mutants inhibit wild-type KvLQT1 currents in a dominant-negative fashion. Conclusions In LQTS-affected individuals these mutations would be predicted to result in a diminution of the cardiac I Ks current, subsequent prolongation of cardiac repolarization, and an increased risk of arrhythmias.
Synthetic Defect in Ganglioside Metabolism
Authors: John S. O'Brien
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Not so long ago, rare inborn errors of metabolism were of interest to only a few perverse types. They were worth studying only for academic one-upmanship or to foster promotion. They were about as exciting to the house staff as tsutsugamushi fever. The primary physician, working his 12-hour day and burdened by "information pollution," shared this view, and most still do. When another rare defect of ganglioside metabolism is reported, one predictable reaction is, "So, what else is new?"This reaction has been tempered somewhat by the practical spinoff generated by the above-mentioned perverse students of the rare. Even though . . .
Oesophageal propulsive force and its relation to manometric pressure.
Authors: C O Russell, N Bright, G Buthpitiya, L Alexander, C Walton, G Whelan
Journal: Gut (1992)

A fixed volume capsule incorporating a force transducer and a side hole for manometric measurements was constructed and calibrated. Simultaneous measurements of the propulsive (aboral) force and the manometric pressure (intraluminal pressure) were made at 5, 10, and 15 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter and in response to dry and wet (5, 10, and 15 ml) swallows. The propulsive force and manometric pressure waves had a simultaneous onset and were of similar duration. Peak values of propulsive force for wet swallows increased significantly as measurements were made progressively more distally within the oesophagus and were greatest in the distal oesophagus. The association between manometric pressure and propulsive force is not strong (r = 0.61) suggesting that intraluminal pressure is a poor predictor of propulsive force and hence an unreliable measure of oesophageal 'function'.
Systemic lupus erythematosus on the Caribbean island of Curacao: an epidemiological investigation.
Authors: J C Nossent
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

To determine the incidence, prevalence, and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a well delineated black population in the Caribbean basin data were collected on the disease course of all patients with definite SLE seen during a 10 year period (1980-9) using three different sources of information (hospital records, private practice records, and death certificates). Ninety four patients were identified giving an average annual incidence rate of 4.6/100,000 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4 to 8.8), which showed little variation during the study period. Twenty five patients (27%) died during the study period, giving a point prevalence of 47/100,000 (CI 34.1 to 51.1) in 1990. In women aged 15-44 years the annual incidence (12/100,000; CI 5.3 to 18.9) was highest, whereas in women aged 44-65 years the 1990 point prevalence rate (one in 526; CI 469 to 625) was highest. Annual mortality was 1.7/100,000 (CI -0.8 to 4.2) with a female to male ratio of 5.3. Renal disease was the most common complication, occurring in 73 (78%) patients. Thus the transatlantic movement from an area with a (presumably) low prevalence of SLE (Central Africa) has been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of SLE in the black population of Curaçao, indicating that environmental factors may prevail over genetic factors in the expression of this disease.
Diagnostic and therapeutic push type enteroscopy in clinical use.
Authors: G R Davies, M J Benson, D J Gertner, R M Van Someren, D S Rampton, C P Swain
Journal: Gut (1995)

This study describes small bowel push enteroscopy in routine clinical practice, using a purpose designed instrument (Olympus SIF-10). Fifty six patients had a total of 60 procedures over a two and a half year period. The median (range) depth of small intestine intubated was 45 (15-90) cm. Procedure time varied from 10-45 minutes. Most enteroscopies were performed during routine gastroscopy lists. The technique was comparatively easy for experienced endoscopists to learn. Forty two procedures were for diagnostic purposes. Eleven patients had gastrointestinal bleeding where the source was obscure, or where early investigations had suggested a small bowel source: a specific diagnosis was made in 45% of these cases. Of seven iron deficient anaemic patients using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), only one had a lesion detected in the upper small bowel. Nine patients had abnormal small bowel barium studies. Small bowel abnormalities were seen in six cases and were definitively diagnostic in three of these; in three patients the barium study appearances were confirmed as artefact. Fifteen patients were investigated for abdominal symptoms suggesting small bowel obstruction or malabsorption: a diagnosis was made in five cases. Fifteen patients underwent enteroscopy for therapeutic purposes, including successful treatment of difficult enteral feeding problems by nasojejunal tubes or by cutaneous endoscopic jejunostomies, polypectomy for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and dilatation of strictures. Additionally, bleeding lesions detected in patients during investigation of anaemia were successfully treated at the time by YAG laser or bipolar diathermy. In conclusion, push enteroscopy is a practical and valuable clinical service, which should probably become available on a subregional basis.
1219 THREE-DAY, DOSE-RANGING STUDY OF THE HCV NS5A INHIBITOR GS-5885
Authors: E. Lawitz, D. Gruener, J. Hill, T. Marbury, S. Komjathy, M. DeMicco, A. Murillo, F. Jenkin, K. Kim, J. Simpson, M. Aycock, A. Mathias, C. Yang, E. Dowdy, M. Liles, G. Cheng, E. Mondou, J. Link, D. Brainard, J. McHutchison, C. Ohmstede, R. Bannister
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
RET fusion genes are associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and enhance monocytic differentiation
Authors: P Ballerini, S Struski, C Cresson, N Prade, S Toujani, C Deswarte, S Dobbelstein, A Petit, H Lapillonne, E-F Gautier, C Demur, E Lippert, P Pages, V Mansat- De Mas, J Donadieu, F Huguet, N Dastugue, C Broccardo, C Perot, E Delabesse
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Dinucleotide Repeats in the Drosophila and Human Genomes Have Complex, Length-Dependent Mutation Processes
Authors: Peter Calabrese, Rick Durrett
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

We use methods of maximum likelihood estimation to fit several microsatellite mutation models to the observed length distribution of dinucletoide repeats in the Drosophila and human genomes. All simple models are rejected by this procedure. Two new models, one with quadratic and another with piecewise linear slippage rates, have the best fits and agree with recent experimental studies by predicting that long microsatellites have a bias toward contractions.
Role of thromboxane and serotonin as mediators in the development of spontaneous alterations in coronary blood flow and neointimal proliferation in canine models with chronic coronary artery stenoses and endothelial injury
Authors: James T. Willerson, John F. Eidt, Janice McNatt, Sheng-Kun Yao, Paolo Golino, H.Vernon Anderson, L.Maximilian Buja
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Bedside Diagnostic Tests for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Kenneth S. Fink
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leukemia: Cytology and Cytochemistry
Authors: John R. Krause
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<i>Leukemia: Cytology and Cytochemistry</i>by Lawrence Kass, MD, is, as the name suggests, a monograph that emphasizes the cytological and cytochemical aspects of the leukemias. The more common acute and chronic myelogenous, lymphoid, and monocytic leukemias are covered as well as the less frequently seen leukemias such as hairy cell leukemia, plasma cell leukemia, and the leukemic phases of histiocytic lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. In addition, Dr Kass devotes a large section of his book to entities he considers preleukemic disorders. These include acute and chronic erythremic myelosis, erythroleukemia, smoldering acute leukemia, subacute myelomonocytic leukemia, agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, and polycythemia vera. The book is extensively illustrated, preponderantly with high-power and oil-immersion black-and-white photo-micrographs. There are also six color plates, with about 32 color illustrations. Most of the photographs are of bone-marrow smears, although a few core biopsy sections are included. For the most part the photomicrographs are of good quality,
Tendon Rupture in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: R. H. Twining, W. Y. Marcus, J. L. Garey
Journal: JAMA (1964)

MARTIN et al<sup>1</sup>described bilateral rupture of the ligamenta patellae in a case of disseminated lupus erythematosus, as far as we know, the first such case to be reported. Because bilateral simultaneous rupture of the quadriceps tendons is a rare occurrence, another instance of this complication in disseminated lupus is of interest. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> On April 15, 1959, a 46-year-old white salesman was walking from his house to his car when his knees gave way and he fell to the ground and was unable to get up or straighten his legs. There was no history of unusual exertion or trauma. On examination, wasting of the quadriceps, especially on the right, was noted with a defect in the right quadriceps tendon just above the patella on tensing the quadriceps. The left patella was abnormally high with infrapatellar swelling and tenderness. He could not extend either knee. The patient
Molecular basis for persistent hepatitis B virus infection in the liver after clearance of serum hepatitis B surface antigen
Authors: Andrew L. Mason, Lizhe Xu, Linsheng Guo, Mary Kuhns, Robert P. Perrillo
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA has been detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the liver of patients with resolved chronic HBV infection and sustained clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum. However, it is unknown whether the virus is transcriptionally active at this time or if the covalently closed circular (CCC) replicative intermediate of HBV DNA can still be detected. Therefore, hepatic nucleic acid extracts from seven patients who had cleared serum HBsAg were assessed by (PCR) for either reverse-transcribed HBV RNA, or an intact direct repeat region of the HBV genome indicative of the CCC replicative intermediate of HBV DNA. HBV transcripts were detected in four of seven patients in the study group, whereas an intact direct repeat region of the HBV genome was detected in three. Evidence for viral transcription and replication was more frequently detected in patients who had recently cleared serum HBsAg, but HBV RNA was also detected in one patient 5 years after HBsAg clearance, and an intact direct repeat region of HBV DNA was detected in another subject at nearly 4 years after resolution of disease. Therefore, hepatic HBV transcription may be associated with replicative intermediates of persistent HBV DNA in patients who have cleared HBsAg from serum, suggesting that, on occasion, HBV may not be in a latent state but undergoing low-level replication.
Hemodynamic Studies in Patients with Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers
Authors: Richard D. Judge, William S. Wilson, John H. Siegel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE question of how well the compensated human heart with a fixed rate in the physiologic range is capable of adapting to the demands for increased cardiac output has very practical implications for the patient with an artificial pacemaker. The purpose of this study was to investigate several aspects of cardiac performance in patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers. The type of unit employed§ permitted the study of the effect of rate alone, as well as the effect of several interventions at a constant rate. The results of this investigation suggest that cardiac output in a basal patient with an implanted . . .
Non-A non-B hepatitis after transfusion of factor VIII in infrequently treated patients.
Authors: M L Fletcher, J M Trowell, J Craske, K Pavier, C R Rizza
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Thirty patients who had not previously received treatment with factor VIII concentrate or who had been treated only infrequently with factor VIII concentrate were studied after a transfusion of factor VIII. Tests of liver function were performed frequently. Four patients had evidence of chronic liver disease before transfusion. In 17 of the remaining 26 patients serum transaminase activities became raised and 10 patients developed jaundice. All of the nine patients who had not previously received factor VIII transfusion developed non-A non-B hepatitis. Four out of 10 patients followed up for a year had persisting abnormalities of liver function. The pattern of illness suggests that more than one serotype of non-A non-B hepatitis virus may be transmitted by factor VIII concentrate prepared by the National Health Service from volunteer donors in the United Kingdom.
East of England Breast Cancer Survival Close to Best in Europe.
Authors: G. Wishart
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The Eurocare-4 (2000-2002) period analysis documents a mean European age-adjusted 5-year relative breast cancer survival of 79% with higher individual figures for Finland (85.7%), Norway (84.1% and Sweden (86.3%) (Lancet Oncol 2007; 8: 784-96). The corresponding figure for England was 77.8%. We now compare these predicted survival estimates with actual age-adjusted relative 5-year breast cancer overall survival (Corazziari et al, European Journal of Cancer 2004; 40:15: 2307-2316) for women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the East of England from 2000-2002Method: The East of England covers a population of 5.5 million people. 5-year age-adjusted relative breast cancer survival was calculated overall, and in specific age groups, for all women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed from 2000-2002 in the East of England for comparison with the results from the Eurocare-4 study.Results:Age-adjusted 5-year relative breast cancer survival in East of England for period 2000-2002.AGE GROUPRELATIVE SURVIVAL95% CI45-5487.5%86.1-88.9%55-6489.5%88.1-90.9%65-7483.9%81.1-86.1%75+73.3%70.1-76.4%ALL WOMEN82.5%81.4-83.6% Conclusion: These data confirm breast cancer survival rates for East of England that are close to European best figures for women aged 45-64. The age-adjusted survival of 82.5% for all women however is being reduced by worse survival in women aged 65+ and a strategy that ensures optimal breast cancer treatment for women in this age group should allow overall survival to improve even further. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2069.
Genetic mechanisms of knee osteoarthritis: a population based case-control study
Authors: Graeme Jones, Changhai Ding, F Scott, Flavia Cicuttini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To compare subjects who had at least one parent with a total knee replacement for severe primary knee osteoarthritis with age and sex matched controls who had no family history of knee osteoarthritis <b>Design:</b> Population based case–control study of 188 matched pairs (mean age 45 years, range 26 to 60). <b>Methods:</b> Articular cartilage volume and bone size were determined at the patella and at the medial tibial and lateral tibial compartments by processing images acquired using T1 weighted, fat saturated magnetic resonance imaging. Radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) was assessed from a standing semiflexed radiograph scored for joint space narrowing and osteophytosis. Knee pain was assessed by questionnaire. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lower limb muscle strength, and endurance fitness were measured by standard protocols. <b>Results:</b> Compared with the controls, index offspring had higher BMI (27.8 <i>v</i> 26.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, p = 0.02), weaker lower limb muscles (127 <i>v</i> 135 kg, p = 0.006), more knee pain (47% <i>v</i> 22%, p&lt;0.001), and greater medial tibial bone area (17.6 <i>v</i> 17.1 cm<sup>2</sup>, p = 0.01). With the exception of BMI, these differences persisted in multivariate analysis. There was a non-significant trend to higher cartilage volume at tibial sites and increased ROA in the offspring in the total and subgroup analyses, but no difference in height and endurance fitness. <b>Conclusions:</b> BMI, muscle strength, knee pain, and medial tibial bone area, but not cartilage volume, appear to play a role in the genetic regulation and development of knee osteoarthritis.
Treatment of Yellow Jacket Stings
Authors: James T. Spencer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> This past weekend it was my misfortune to steer my power mower over a nest of yellow jackets, and I received six very painful stings. After the initial first aid treatment, I found that the pain was unrelenting and was not relieved by analgesics and codeine, and only temporarily by ice compresses. When I could not sleep three hours later, it occurred to me that an injection of lidocaine (Xylocaine) 1% with epinephrine 1:100,000 at each sting site might be the answer to the pain, which felt as if I had been stabbed with an ice pick at each site. I injected 0.3 cc thereof immediately adjacent, but angled under, each site. The relief was immediate and complete without return of pain later. The areas were slightly sensitive and tender to touch the next day but without itching. After 36 hours I was no longer aware of
Fluorescent Antibody Diagnosis of Infections
Authors: John D. Nelson, Billye Hempstead, Rose Tanaka, Frank P. Pauls
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In areas without bacteriology laboratory facilities, diagnosis of certain infections can be made by the fluorescent antibody technique from specimens mailed to a central laboratory. An outbreak of respiratory illness occurred in a remote area of Alaska. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens applied to microscope slides were sent to laboratories in Anchorage, Alaska, and Dallas, Tex. Positive fluorescent antibody identification of<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>was made in 14 specimens by the Anchorage laboratory and confirmed in nine specimens in Dallas. Good correlation was obtained in nine cases of diarrheal disease studied by fluorescent antibody staining of rectal swab specimens for enteropathogenic serotypes of<i>Escherichia coli</i>.