tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin Inhibits α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor–Stimulated Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy but Not Activation of Hypertrophy-Associated Genes
Authors: Marvin O. Boluyt, Jing-Sheng Zheng, Antoine Younes, Xilin Long, Lydia O’Neill, Howard Silverman, Edward G. Lakatta, Michael T. Crow
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

The 70-kD S6 kinase (p70S6K) has been implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis in many cell types and in the angiotensin II-stimulated hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes. Our purpose was to determine whether p70S6K plays a role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor (alpha 1-AR) agonist phenylephrine (PE). PE stimulated the activity of p70S6K > 3-fold, and this increase was blocked by rapamycin, an immunosuppressant macrolide that selectively inhibits p70S6K. When administered for 3 days, PE stimulated a 30% increase in total protein content, a 2-fold increase in the incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine (14C-Phe) into protein, and a 50% increase in two-dimensional myocyte area. Rapamycin pretreatment (> or = 500 pg/mL) significantly inhibited each of these PE-stimulated changes. Two days of PE treatment resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in total RNA yield per dish, a 2-fold increase in incorporation of [14C]uridine into myocyte RNA, and increases in relative mRNA levels of the hypertrophy-associated atrial natriuretic factor (ANF, 2.1-fold) and skeletal alpha-actin (SK, 2.2-fold) genes. Although rapamycin abolished the PE-stimulated increases in total RNA and incorporation of [14C]uridine, it had no effect on the induction of the ANF and SK genes. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) activity, inhibited PE-stimulated increases in p70S6K activity and the incorporation of labeled precursors into myocyte protein and RNA. These results demonstrate that p70S6K is activated by the hypertrophic agent PE and that a PI3-K or PI3-K-like activity is required for p70S6K activation and myocyte hypertrophy. The data suggest that p70S6K activation may be required for PE-stimulated hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes. Our results demonstrate that intracellular signaling pathways responsible for transcriptional and translational responses diverge early after alpha 1-AR stimulation in cardiac myocytes.
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion to Resolve an Allergy to Human Insulin
Authors: Silvia Näf, Enric Esmatjes, Mónica Recasens, Antonio Valero, Irene Halperin, Isaac Levy, Ramón Gomis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Insulin allergy has increasingly decreased with the use of human recombinant insulin and is now reported in <1% of diabetic patients treated with insulin (1,2). Different methods have been used in the treatment of insulin allergy, such as the use of oral antihistaminics, the addition of glucocorticoids to insulin, the change to lispro insulin, which has proven to be less allergenic in several cases (3), as well as different models of desensitization. We report a patient with generalized allergy to insulin who was successfully treated with a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion system.

A 43-year-old man (weight 65 kg, BMI 21.9 kg/m2) was diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes in October of 1998. He had no other diseases and no history of …
Lack of association between carotid intima-media thickness and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism or serum homocysteine in non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alfredo Mazza, Corradino Motti, Angela Nulli, Giampiero Marra, Agostino Gnasso, Anna Pastore, Giorgio Federici, Claudio Cortese
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
The changing pattern of alcohol consumption in England and Wales 1978-85.
Authors: G C Dunbar, D D Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1987)

An alcohol consumption survey of 926 people aged 18 or over in England and Wales was conducted by Gallup in 1985. The results were compared with those obtained in a similar survey conducted by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys in 1978. Overall alcohol consumption remained virtually unchanged. Men showed little difference in drinking habits, except for the 18-24 age group, who seemed to be drinking less. For women mean alcohol consumption in 1985 was similar to that in 1978, but more women were not drinking at all so the mean alcohol consumption per drinker had risen. As with earlier work, this study showed that social class had little influence on alcohol consumption, while being married seemed to have a moderating effect. A variable regional pattern of alcohol intake was found. In a separate analysis under-age drinking was common among 16-17 year olds (65%). Their pattern of drinking was similar to that of other age groups, except for those over 65 years, who drank less. Change in alcohol intake in the UK over the seven years was in the middle of the range of values for other European countries. The stable UK overall consumption was perhaps due to the constant relative price of alcohol.
Thyroid Supplements and Breast Cancer
Authors: William W. Winternitz
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We were alarmed to read (and to have seen reported in the news media) the article concerning the possible relationship between thyroid medication and breast cancer. Many thousands of women are taking thyroid supplements and may be frightened by these announcements. We have, in fact, received several anxious phone calls since the article appeared. Certain objections to the communication are sufficiently strong to cast doubt on the conclusions of this article and to suggest that the problem be reviewed. The patient population referred to the Hutzel Hospital screening clinic is not defined. There are no data concerning socioeconomic levels and so forth. The startlingly high incidence of breast cancer in these patients does indeed indicate a very strong preselection for cancer. The "control population" (those not taking supplements) had an incidence of breast cancer greater than 6%. A breast cancer patient is defined as somebody who
Toxic effects of lead on neuronal development and function.
Authors: R Freedman, L Olson, B J Hoffer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The effects of lead on the development of the nervous system are of immediate concern to human health. While it is clear that lead can affect neuronal development at levels of exposure within the range found in the environment, the particular mechanism of the disruption is not readily ascertained. Lack of knowledge of the mechanisms of lead-induced damaged hampers its treatment and prevention. The goal of our research is to develop a model system in which the effects of lead on central nervous system development can be demonstrated. The complexity of the brain hampers such investigations because often it is not clear if apparent toxic effects represents changes secondary to somatic changes, such as endocrine or hematological defects, that could alter brain development, or even transneuronal effects caused by toxicity at a distal site that deprives a brain area of a synaptic input needed for its proper development. A related problem is the redundancy of compensatory systems in the brain. Such system may disguise the severity of the initial toxic insult and themselves can cause functional disturbances. To study neuronal development in a system that minimizes such difficulties, we have grafted discrete brain regions derived from rat fetuses into the anterior chamber of the eye of adult hosts. The brain pieces continue organotypic development of the eye, but are isolated from possible secondary changes due to alterations in the development of the endocrine and other somatic systems because the adult host has these systems already fully developed. Similarly, effects mediated by connecting brain areas are minimized since the transplant is isolated in the anterior chamber of the eye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1α Is Cardioprotective After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ankur Saxena, Jason E. Fish, Michael D. White, Sangho Yu, James W.P. Smyth, Robin M. Shaw, J. Michael DiMaio, Deepak Srivastava
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Heart disease is a leading cause of mortality throughout the world. Tissue damage from vascular occlusive events results in the replacement of contractile myocardium by nonfunctional scar tissue. The potential of new technologies to regenerate damaged myocardium is significant, although cell-based therapies must overcome several technical barriers. One possible cell-independent alternative is the direct administration of small proteins to damaged myocardium. Methods and Results— Here we show that the secreted signaling protein stromal cell–derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), which activates the cell-survival factor protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) via the G protein–coupled receptor CXCR4, protected tissue after an acute ischemic event in mice and activated Akt within endothelial cells and myocytes of the heart. Significantly better cardiac function than in control mice was evident as early as 24 hours after infarction as well as at 3, 14, and 28 days after infarction. Prolonged survival of hypoxic myocardium was followed by an increase in levels of vascular endothelial growth factor protein and neoangiogenesis. Consistent with improved cardiac function, mice exposed to SDF-1α demonstrated significantly decreased scar formation than control mice. Conclusion— These findings suggest that SDF-1α may serve a tissue-protective and regenerative role for solid organs suffering a hypoxic insult.
Superior Vena Caval Obstruction Due to Small-Cell Anaplastic Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Robert C. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Among 38 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, small-cell type, eight patients had superior vena caval obstruction (SVCO) of recent onset. Seven of these patients were initially treated with combination chemotherapy (lomustine, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate). One patient who had SVCO was treated initially by radiotherapy, with subsequent chemotherapy. In each patient, resolution of the syndrome was prompt, usually was complete by seven days, and was accompanied by objective tumor shrinkage. Symptoms of SVCO were transiently aggravated by the initiation of treatment in only one patient. In one individual treated by chemotherapy alone and in one treated by chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, SVCO recurred after initial control. Chemotherapy is an effective form of management of SVCO caused by small-cell carcinoma of the lung.
5 THE EMERGING IMPACT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA ARISING ON A BACKGROUND OF NAFLD
Authors: H. Reeves, E. Villa, S. Bellentani, E. Dionigi, J.-F. Dufour, C. de Oliveira, A. Fracanzani, A. Barcheti, P. Merle, J. Boursier, J. Schattenberg, L. Fedchuk, C. Holst, V. Ratziu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Long-term impaired neutrophil migration in mice overexpressing human interleukin-8.
Authors: W S Simonet, T M Hughes, H Q Nguyen, L D Trebasky, D M Danilenko, E S Medlock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8/NAP-1) has been implicated in recruiting neutrophils to sites of acute and chronic tissue inflammation. In transgenic mice, elevated serum IL-8 levels ranging from 1 to 118 ng/ml were correlated with proportional increases in circulating neutrophils and proportional decreases in L-selectin expression on the surface of blood neutrophils. No change in the expression of the beta 2-integrins Mac-1 and LFA-1 was apparent on peripheral blood neutrophils of the IL-8 transgenic mice. Additionally, L-selectin expression on bone marrow neutrophils and neutrophil precursors was normal in all transgenic lines. IL-8 transgenic mice demonstrated an accumulation of neutrophils in the microcirculation of the lung, liver and spleen. Moreover, there was no evidence of neutrophil extravasation, plasma exudation or tissue damage in any IL-8 transgenic mice. Neutrophil migration into the inflamed peritoneal cavity was severely inhibited in IL-8 transgenic mice, but not in nontransgenic littermates. The IL-8 transgenic mice should serve as useful models for studying the putative role of neutrophils in mediating tissue damage in models of inflammation, such as hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury, cecal puncture and ligation, and glomerulonephritis.
Public-Health Policy and Recombinant DNA
Authors: Richard Goldstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The issue of recombinant DNA research (i.e., gene manipulation) has been discussed widely in the public press and scientific journals. The controversy has been the focus of numerous meetings sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and most recently by the National Academy of Sciences. It is regrettable, therefore, that the report in this issue of the Journal by C. Cohen completely ignores the central questions in the debate. It dismisses potential hazards associated with the technology while attempting to lay down a priori principles on which to make judgments of little relevance. The report is an entertaining intellectual exercise . . .
Re: Henk G. van der Poel, Tessa Buckle, Oscar R. Brouwer, Renato A. Valdés Olmos, Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen. Intraoperative Laparoscopic Fluorescence Guidance to the Sentinel Lymph Node in Prostate Cancer Patients: Clinical Proof of Concept of an Integrated Functional Imaging Approach Using a Multimodal Tracer. Eur Urol 2011;60:826–33
Authors: Karol Polom, Dawid Murawa, Wojciech Polom
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Does Thinking Precede Feeling?
Authors: Norman A. Harvey
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> If, according to the quote appearing inThe Journalone week earlier, "The value of a hypothesis is inversely related to the number of acceptable alternatives,"<sup>1</sup>then the hypothesis of Beck, as discussed in an editorial in the Dec 7, 1963, issue (<i>JAMA</i><b>186</b>:946) may be of doubtful value. Beck seems to say that in the condition termed neurosis, there is first something called a thinking disorder, and that secondary to, and because of this, there occur abnormal variations in moods. There are at least two acceptable alternatives to Beck's hypothesis. The first could be termed the feedback loop theory. This states that the relation between so-called thoughts and feelings may be illustrated by the closed loop feedback model. In this mechanism, feelings influence thoughts which in turn influence feelings, by a mutual causal process.<sup>2</sup>This could be called a neurocybernetic theory and has
Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis
Authors: Stephen C. Pflugfelder, Harry W. Flynn, Todd A. Zwickey, Richard K. Forster, Aphrodite Tsiligianni, William W. Culbertson, Sid Mandelbaum
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)

The authors report 19 cases of exogenous fungal endophthalmitis managed between 1969 and 1986. These developed after ocular surgery (5 cases), after trauma (6 cases), by intraocular spread from fungal keratitis (4 cases), after therapeutic keratoplasty for keratitis (3 cases), and by spontaneous infection of a filtration bleb (1 case). The diagnosis of endophthalmitis was made from 3 days to 4 months after surgery or trauma. In patients with preexisting keratitis, endophthalmitis was noted 2 weeks to 5 months after the onset of keratitis. Seventeen cases were caused by filamentous fungi; two were caused by yeast. Fusarium (6 cases) and Acremonium (3 cases) accounted for approximately one half of the isolates. Forty-two percent of the patients recovered 20/400 or better acuity (3 of 5 postoperative cases, 4 of 6 trauma cases, and 1 of 4 keratitis cases). The clinical and microbiologic features of these cases are presented, and recommendations for management are offered.
eHealth Solutions for Healthcare Disparities
Authors: Stanley W. Borg
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prophylaxis of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Female Patients
Authors: Godfrey K. M. Harding
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Thirty-two women with recurrent urinary tract infections were treated after eradication of existing infections with a mixture of 40 mg of trimethoprim and 200 mg of sulfamethoxazole thrice weekly at bedtime for six months. Six preadolescents received one half this dose. During 21.3 cumulative patient-years of prophylaxis, one infection due to<i>Streptococcus faecalis</i>and one due to a sulfamethoxazole- and trimethoprim-sensitive<i>Escherichia coli</i>occured—an infection incidence of 0.1 per patient-year. During prophylaxis, 61 of 72 periurethral cultures and 24 of 51 anal canal cultures failed to yield Enterobacteriaceae. One patient had transient colonization with a trimethoprim-resistant<i>E coli</i>during prophylaxis. Twenty-one patients had recurrent infection within six months of discontinuation of prophylaxis, with a mean time to recurrence of 2.6 months. One infection recurred 26 weeks following prophylaxis with a<i>Proteus mirabilis</i>. Thrice-weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy was effective for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections and did not predispose to colonization or infection with trimethoprim-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1975-1977, 1979)
Put patient power at heart of future NHS, says commission on whole person care
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Patients should be given more help to manage their own conditions, play an active role in shaping their local services, and be enabled to live at home safely, with the NHS and social care services collaborating more closely and sharing budgets, a report on the future of the NHS has recommended.

John Oldham, chairman of the Independent Commission on Whole Person Care, said that the recommendations in his report “focus on helping people stay well, manage their illnesses and promote their independence.”

A GP and former national director at the Department of Health for England, Oldham said in the introduction to the report that “a new radical approach is needed for the next parliament to put the health and care system back on track.”1 The report was commissioned by Labour’s shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, last May. 

Although Oldham did not say that the current structure of the NHS was right, he believes …
PSYCHOSIS DURING ELECTROSHOCK THERAPY: ITS RELATION TO THE THEORY OF SHOCK THERAPY
Authors: EDWIN A. WEINSTEIN, LOUIS LINN, ROBERT L. KAHN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

1. A case of psychosis developing during 3 courses of ECT for relief of intractable pain is described. 2. The patient's attitude toward her pain could be correlated with other alterations of behavior as disorientation, paraphasic language, and changes in perception and the EEG record. 3. In the stage of greatest alteration of function, the patient was euphoric and denied her pain; with a lesser alteration of function she was paranoid and showed a partial denial, while with the least alteration of function she was depressed and completely aware of pain. 4. The acutely psychotic behavior that occurred following the cessation of convulsions is compared to the withdrawal syndrome that occurs when drug administration is abruptly stopped. 5. The concept of anosognosia is stated. It is suggested that the therapeutic efficacy of ECT in functional depressions derives from the production of a state of brain function in which the mechanism of denial is facilitated in characterologically disposed individuals.
Triple Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kang-Yin Chen, Seung-Woon Rha, Yong-Jian Li, Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Zhe Jin, Yoshiyasu Minami, Lin Wang, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Keun Ahn, Taek Jong Hong, Young Jo Kim, Seung Ho Hur, In Whan Seong, Jei Keon Chae, Myeong Chan Cho, Jang Ho Bae, Dong Hoon Choi, Yang Soo Jang, In Ho Chae, Chong Jin Kim, Jung Han Yoon, Wook Sung Chung, Ki Bae Seung, Seung Jung Park
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Whether triple antiplatelet therapy is superior or similar to dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the era of drug-eluting stents remains unclear. Methods and Results— A total of 4203 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents were analyzed retrospectively in the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR). They received either dual (aspirin plus clopidogrel; dual group; n=2569) or triple (aspirin plus clopidogrel plus cilostazol; triple group; n=1634) antiplatelet therapy. The triple group received additional cilostazol at least for 1 month. Various major adverse cardiac events at 8 months were compared between these 2 groups. Compared with the dual group, the triple group had a similar incidence of major bleeding events but a significantly lower incidence of in-hospital mortality. Clinical outcomes at 8 months showed that the triple group had significantly lower incidences of cardiac death (adjusted odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.84; P =0.007), total death (adjusted odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.89; P =0.010), and total major adverse cardiac events (adjusted odds ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.95; P =0.019) than the dual group. Subgroup analysis showed that older (&gt;65 years old), female, and diabetic patients got more benefits from triple antiplatelet therapy than their counterparts who received dual antiplatelet therapy. Conclusions— Triple antiplatelet therapy seems to be superior to dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents. These results may provide the rationale for the use of triple antiplatelet therapy in these patients.