tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transforming Growth Factor α Expression Drives Constitutive Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway Activation and Sensitivity to Gefitinib (Iressa) in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Maria S. Pino, Marissa Shrader, Cheryl H. Baker, Francesco Cognetti, Henry Q. Xiong, James L. Abbruzzese, David J. McConkey
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is considered an important therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer, but it is currently impossible to identify those patients who are most likely to benefit from EGFR-directed therapy. We examined the biological effects of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa) in a panel of nine human pancreatic cancer cell lines. The drug strongly inhibited DNA synthesis and induced low levels of apoptosis at clinically relevant concentrations in a subset of three of the lines (L3.6pl, BxPC3, and Cfpac1). Sensitivity to gefitinib correlated directly with ligand [transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α)] expression (r2 = 0.71, P = 0.004) but not with surface EGFR expression. The gefitinib-sensitive cells displayed constitutive baseline EGFR phosphorylation, whereas the gefitinib-resistant cells did not. Exposure to gefitinib or a small interfering RNA construct specific for TGF-α reversed the constitutive EGFR phosphorylation and downstream target [extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), AKT] phosphorylation in the gefitinib-sensitive cells but had no effects on ERK or AKT phosphorylation in gefitinib-resistant cells. Baseline EGFR phosphorylation was lower in a subclone of L3.6pl selected for low TGF-α expression, and these cells were also resistant to gefitinib-mediated growth inhibition. Gefitinib blocked the growth of tumor xenografts derived from L3.6pl cells but had no effect on the growth of tumors derived from EGFR-independent MiaPaCa-2 cells. Together, our data show that TGF-α expression identifies a subset of human pancreatic cancer cells that is dependent on EGFR signaling in vitro and in vivo. Quantification of TGF-α expression may therefore represent an effective means of identifying EGFR-responsive primary tumors. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(7): 3802–12)
Early virologic response to treatment with peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Gary L. Davis, John B. Wong, John G. McHutchison, Michael P. Manns, Joann Harvey, Janice Albrecht
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Interferon–based regimens for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C have become increasingly effective and are able to eradicate virus in more than one half of cases. Early identification of patients who will not respond is desirable because treatment might be stopped, thereby avoiding the expense and inconvenience of unnecessary therapy. We examined the accuracy of different degrees of viral inhibition during the early weeks of treatment (early virologic response [EVR]) with pegylated interferon alfa–2b and ribavirin (PEG/R) in identifying patients who would not respond to therapy. The best definition of EVR was a reduction in hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by at least 2 logs after the first 12 weeks of treatment compared with baseline. Between 69% and 76% of patients achieved this threshold, depending on the treatment regimen, and sustained virologic response (SVR) occurred in 67% to 80% of these patients. Patients who did not reach EVR did not respond to further therapy. If treatment had been stopped in patients without EVR, drug costs would have been reduced by more than 20%. In conclusion, early confirmation of viral reduction following initiation of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C is worthwhile. It provides a goal to motivate adherence during the first months of therapy and a milepost at which to reassess the need for continued treatment. Most patients who are able to complete the first 12 weeks of therapy achieve EVR and have a high probability of SVR. Patients who fail to achieve EVR will not clear virus even if an additional 9 months of therapy is received. Therapy can be confidently discontinued in those cases.
Accumulation of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Components, Hyaluronan and Versican in Human Lung Cell Cultures is Modulated Differently by R- and S-isomers of Albuterol
Authors: L ALTMAN, C CHAN, S PERIGO, K BRAUN, P JOHNSON, T WIGHT
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
THE EFFECT OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN ON THE METABOLISM OF H<scp>E</scp>L<scp>A</scp> CELLS
Authors: Norman Strauss, Edelmira D. Hendee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

The effect of diphtheria toxin on certain metabolic processes in growing HeLa cells has been described. It was found that both aerobic respiration and glycolysis are insensitive to toxin action. The incorporation of S(35)-methionine was found to be completely inhibited by toxin prior to the appearance of any visible cell damage. It was also observed that toxin levels above 0.3 Lf per ml. had no further effect on the kinetics of inhibition of methionine uptake. The kinetics of intoxication were studied by adding diphtheria antitoxin to a partially intoxicated culture at various times and measuring the resulting rate of methionine uptake. Low temperatures were found to block intoxication. Using this information, data were obtained suggesting that the initial step in the process of intoxication consists of a rapid adsorption of toxin by the cell. The kinetics of toxin action on protein synthesis were compared with those of cyanide and 2,4-DNP. Diphtheria toxin eliminates completely any methionine uptake remaining after exposure of the cell to either of these respiratory inhibitors. The significance of these results is discussed.
Football injuries during the 2014 FIFA World Cup
Authors: Astrid Junge, Jiri Dvořák
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background FIFA has surveyed match injuries in its tournaments since 1998. Aim To analyse the incidence and characteristics of match injuries incurred during the 2014 FIFA World Cup in comparison to previous FIFA World Cups. Methods The chief physicians of the participating teams reported all newly incurred injuries of their players after the match on a standardised report form. 124 (97%) forms were returned. Results A total of 104 injuries were reported, equivalent to an incidence of 1.68 injuries per match (95% CI 1.36 to 2.00). 64 (63.4%) injuries were caused by contact with another player. Thigh (26; 25%) and head (19; 18%) were the most frequently injured body parts. The most frequent diagnosis was thigh strain (n=18). Five concussions and three fractures to the head were reported. While most thigh strains (15/17; 88.2%) occurred without contact, almost all head injuries (18/19; 94.7%) were caused by contact. 0.97 injuries per match (95% CI 0.72 to 1.22) were expected to result in absence from training or match. Eight injuries were classified as severe. The incidence of match injuries in the 2014 FIFA World Cup was significantly lower than the average of the four preceding FIFA World Cups, both for all injuries (2.34; 95% CI 2.15 to 2.53) and time-loss injuries (1.51; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.65). Conclusions The overall incidence of injury during the FIFA World Cups decreased from 2002 to 2014 by 37%. A detailed analysis of the injury mechanism is recommended to further improve prevention strategies.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIET ON THE CHYLE
Authors: WINFIELD S. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>HISTORY OF THE SUBJECT</h3> Opportunities to get pure human chyle in quantities sufficient for extensive chemical analysis have been exceedingly rare. In fact, a study of the literature back to the middle of the seventeenth century shows only 126 cases of the appearance of a milky fluid in pleural or peritoneal cavity. These 126 cases fall naturally into two classes: (1) those in which the fluid was chyle, pure or modified, distinguished by the presence of free fat globules, minute in size and tending to rise to the top of the collected fluid as cream rises on milk; (2) those in which the fluid was milky in appearance, and contained fat, not in emulsion, but within fattily degenerated leucocytes and other cellular elements. Senator<sup>1</sup>differentiated these two classes and designated them as ascites chylosus and chyliformis respectively. Osler<sup>2</sup>in 1900 differentiated a third variety of milky ascites which he called ascites lactescens,
Mobile phone app from NHS "hack day" is set to transform handovers and task lists
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a progressive frontotemporal hairline recession with eyebrow loss. Facial papules are present in up to 14% of FFA cases and can start with facial flushes. Nevertheless, these flushes are commonly associated with rosacea, a much more prevalent disease. In this case, a woman with FFA had, at first, clinical and histopathological findings of rosacea and was treated with ivermectin 1% cream with no improvement. She returned reporting new papules in the frontal region, reaching the frontotemporal hairline. Trichoscopy of the scalp showed mild perifollicular erythema and follicular scale. The new skin biopsy was compatible with FFA, and oral finasteride (5 mg/day) and hydroxychloroquine were introduced to stabilise the disease.
S80 Post-thoracoscopy lung re-expansion: Pilot data using digital suction device
Authors: RJ Hallifax, JP Corcoran, NM Rahman
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Current practice for diagnostic only thoracoscopy varies from day-case procedures to routine overnight stays. Radiographic evidence of lung re-expansion and underwater seal evidence of lack of on-going air leak are required before patient discharge. Use of a digital suction device which accurately measures air leak may allow earlier identification of lung re-expansion and hence earlier discharge. Patients pleurodesed at thoracoscopy are admitted for 3–4 days, however the presence of trapped lung preventing re-expansion after thoracoscopy reduces the chance of successful pleurodesis, and measurement of air leak with a digital device may allow prediction of trapped lung. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine whether initial air leak measurement can predict trapped lung and whether use of digital device can reduce time to chest radiograph post thoracoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was prospectively collected (November 2012 to May 2013), on patients undergoing thoracoscopy in a specialist respiratory centre. Post-procedure, the "air leak" was measured using a digital suction device (Thopaz, Medela UK), and time to chest radiograph (CXR) was compared to LAT in the preceding three months. <h3>Results</h3> 32 patients were investigated. Results were non-normally distributed so non-parametric analysis was undertaken. Median initial flow rate post-thoracoscopy was 108ml/min. Nine (28%) had trapped lung: median air flow rate was significantly lower in this group 45ml/min (IQR 39–118ml/min) vs 118ml/min (IQR 75–179ml/min), using Mann-Whitney U Test (p = 0.01). Those with trapped lung had larger effusions drained during procedure: 1739ml vs 1332ml (p = 0.48). Fourteen (44%) patients were successfully managed as day-cases with the digital suction device: mean time to CXR was 2.1 hours (SD 1.1); less than the 8 preceding day-case thoracoscopies (mean 2.9, SD 1.6 hours) (p = 0.2). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This pilot data suggests that digital air flow measurement has the potential to predict which patients are likely to have trapped lung and lack of air leak, and may potentially identify the group of patients in which to use indwelling pleural catheters. Use of the device may also allow earlier identification of full re-expansion, earlier CXR and hence more rapid discharge home.
Corrigendum: Recurrent activating mutation in PRKACA in cortisol-producing adrenal tumors
Authors: Gerald Goh, Ute I Scholl, James M Healy, Murim Choi, Manju L Prasad, Carol Nelson-Williams, John W. Kuntsman, Reju Korah, Anna-Carinna Suttorp, Dimo Dietrich, Matthias Haase, Holger S Willenberg, Peter Stålberg, Per Hellman, Göran Åkerström, Peyman Björklund, Tobias Carling, Richard P Lifton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Making raw data more widely available
Authors: A. J. Vickers
Journal: BMJ (2011)

New initiative by the Wellcome Trust sets out some guiding principles

Medical investigators routinely refuse to share data from medical studies, seeming to regard such data as private property rather than a public resource for the benefit of medical science and future generations of patients. One survey found that 75% of pharmaceutical researchers were opposed in principle to making raw data available.1 Two studies have found that only a minority of researchers (10% and 25%) share data when publishing in journals with explicit policies that raw data must be made available.2 3 Even in genomics research, where the principle that microarray data should be deposited in a publicly accessible database is widely accepted, many published studies do not have an associated data set publicly available.4 5 

The benefits of sharing raw data from medical studies have been widely discussed.6 7 8 9 Data sharing ensures reproducibility, allows testing of secondary hypotheses, facilitates development of new statistical methods, provides …
RECOVERY IN A CASE OF PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS
Authors: R. CRANSTON LOW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1929)

Journal Article RECOVERY IN A CASE OF PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS Get access R. CRANSTON LOW, M.D., F.R.C.P. R. CRANSTON LOW, M.D., F.R.C.P. Lecturer on Diseases of the Skin, Edinburgh University, and Physician to the Skin Department, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 41, Issue 1, 1 January 1929, Pages 12–13, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1929.tb09281.x Published: 01 January 1929
CCL13 is a promising diagnostic marker for systemic sclerosis
Authors: K. Yanaba, A. Yoshizaki, E. Muroi, T. Hara, F. Ogawa, K. Shimizu, M. Hasegawa, M. Fujimoto, K. Takehara, S. Sato
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Previous studies suggest that CCL13 may have some role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Objectives To determine serum levels of CCL13 and its clinical associations in patients with SSc. Methods Serum CCL13 levels were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 80 patients with SSc, 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 20 patients with dermatomyositis (DM), 29 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 50 healthy individuals. Results Mean ± SD serum CCL13 levels were elevated in patients with SSc (81·3 ± 55·8 pg mL−1) compared with healthy controls (15·0 ± 9·9 pg mL−1; P <0·001) and patients with SLE (22·0 ± 6·9 pg mL−1; P <0·001), DM (24·4 ± 36·1 pg mL−1; P <0·001) and AD (18·0 ± 6·4 pg mL−1; P <0·001). Among patients with SSc, there were no differences in serum CCL13 levels between limited cutaneous SSc and diffuse cutaneous SSc. In a longitudinal study, CCL13 levels were generally unchanged during the follow‐up. Conclusions Serum CCL13 was specifically increased in patients with SSc, but not in patients with SLE, DM or AD or in healthy controls. CCL13 could be a promising serological marker for SSc.
Diesel Smog and Blood Clots
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Unusual Suspect
Authors: Sandra Bliss, Steven Weinberger, Mark Meier, Sanjay Saint
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

A 17-year-old boy awakes with left-sided pleuritic chest pain. He also notes mild dyspnea during track-and-field practice. Over the ensuing months, symptoms progress to dyspnea when he is at rest, accompanied by three-pillow orthopnea.
Unique Compounds: Enediynes Are Potent Cancer Killers
Authors: J. Bowersox
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Unique Compounds: Enediynes Are Potent Cancer Killers Get access John Bowersox John Bowersox Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 1, 6 January 1993, Pages 8–9, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.1.8 Published: 06 January 1993
Reply to Marc Bjurlin, Elena Elkin, and William Huang's Letter to the Editor re: Maxine Sun, Andreas Becker, Zhe Tian, et al. Management of Localized Kidney Cancer: Calculating Cancer-specific Mortality and Competing Risks of Death for Surgery and Nonsurgical Management. Eur Urol 2014;65:235–41
Authors: Maxine Sun, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Herniation of Rectus Muscle Through Relaxing Incision
Authors: Edward H. Laughlin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The McVay hernia repair<sup>1</sup>employing the ileopectineal (Cooper) ligament is frequently used to repair inguinal and femoral hernias. McVay<sup>2</sup>stresses the need for a simple linear incision in the anterior rectus sheath to prevent suture line tension, but admits that some surgeons might be hesitant to make a relaxing incision for fear of creating a defect that could later allow muscle herniation. The relaxing incision must be made as medially as possible, where the external oblique aponeurosis fuses with the rectus sheath. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 55-year-old man was operated on for repair of a large indirect inguinal hernia. A McVay repair was performed in which the aponeurosis of the transversalis muscle was sutured to the Cooper ligament, and a 5- to 7-cm relaxing incision was made in the anterior rectus sheath. The patient's recovery was uneventful. During his routine postoperative examination six weeks
IMPORTANCE OF CONTROL OF DIABETES IN PREVENTION OF VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Nils R. Keiding
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In the treatment of diabetes today the physician is faced with these questions: Does careful control pay? Is it necessary or worthwhile to attempt to establish physiological conditions as far as is possible, or will late vascular and nervous system complications appear despite the type of treatment, if diabetes is of sufficiently long duration? For the sake of providing easy treatment with a minimum of emotional disturbance to the patient, should one allow a free diet and disregard hyperglycemia and glycosuria as long as frank acidosis is not present? Such queries are basic both from a physiological and practical point of view and obviously deserve clearcut and unbiased answers, if these can be found. We have long been interested in this problem and during the last several years have carried out and reported on studies in this field. 1 Wilson, Root, and Marble 2 reported results of a study in
Latent TGF‐β Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Elsie S. Place, Rekha Nair, Helena N. Chia, Greg Szulgit, Erh‐hsuin Lim, Molly M. Stevens
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

A biomimetic delivery strategy for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is described, in which TGF-β is presented in a latent form (the small latent complex, SLC), which is inactive until modified by the actions of the cells. In this work, SLC is tethered to a hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffold to enhance in vitro chondrogenesis.
Daylight photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate cream as a convenient, similarly effective, nearly painless alternative to conventional photodynamic therapy in actinic keratosis treatment: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: D.M. Rubel, L. Spelman, D.F. Murrell, J.‐A. See, D. Hewitt, P. Foley, C. Bosc, D. Kerob, N. Kerrouche, H.C. Wulf, S. Shumack
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL‐PDT) of actinic keratosis (AK) has shown preliminary efficacy and safety results comparable to conventional photodynamic therapy (c‐PDT), using methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) cream. To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of DL‐PDT vs. c‐PDT in treating mild facial/scalp AK. This 24‐week randomized, controlled, investigator‐blinded, multicentre, intra‐individual efficacy (non‐inferiority) and safety (superiority regarding pain) study enrolled 100 subjects. AKs on the face/scalp were treated once, with DL‐PDT on one side and c‐PDT on the contralateral side. Primary end points for DL‐PDT at week 12 were efficacy [non‐inferiority regarding complete lesion response (mild AK)] and safety (superiority regarding subject's assessment of pain). Lesions with complete response 12 weeks after one treatment session were followed until week 24. The safety evaluation included incidence of adverse events. Subject satisfaction was classified using a questionnaire. At week 12, the complete lesion response rate with DL‐PDT was non‐inferior to c‐PDT (89·2% vs. 92·8%, respectively; 95% confidence interval −6·8 to −0·3), confirmed by intention‐to‐treat analysis. Additionally, regardless of the treatment used, 96% of mild lesions were maintained in complete response 24 weeks after the PDT session. For DL‐PDT, subject‐reported pain was significantly lower (0·8 vs. 5·7, respectively; P <0·001), with better tolerability and significantly higher subject satisfaction regarding convenience and outcome. Daylight‐mediated PDT was not inferior in efficacy to Metvix c‐PDT (mild AK response rate), better tolerated, nearly painless and more convenient for patients.
The Kidney and Body Fluids in Health and Disease
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book offers in less than 600 pages an up-to-date review of renal physiology, water and electrolyte metabolism, and the pathogenesis of the common diseases of the kidney. Its roots may be traced to a syllabus or the core curriculum for a sophomore course in medical school, and as such it is directed primarily at students and house officers. Coming as it does from a university that has already given the world the<i>Washington Manual</i>, it stands a good chance of becoming the standard text for faculties teaching a pathophysiology course. The book is divided into 29 chapters along traditional lines. It begins with water, salt, and other electrolytes, and then moves along to the various classic problems and syndromes encountered in nephrology. It generally distinguishes fact from theory and presents a balanced view on most subjects, emphasizing mechanisms and pathogenesis rather than diagnosis and therapy. It abounds with useful
Corrigendum to “Re: Kari A.O. Tikkinen, Anssi Auvinen. Does the Imprecise Definition of Overactive Bladder Serve Commercial Rather than Patient Interests? Eur Urol 2012;61:746–8. The Origin of the Term Overactive Bladder, Industry, and Patient Care” [Eur Urol 2012;61:749–50]
Authors: Paul Abrams, Alan Wein
Journal: European Urology (2012)