tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Testing for Helicobacter pylori infection: validation and diagnostic yield of a near patient test in primary care
Authors: A. E Duggan, C. Elliott, R. F A Logan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the performance of a near patient test for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection in primary care. <b>Design:</b> Validation study performed within a randomised trial of four management strategies for dyspepsia. <b>Setting:</b> 43 general practices around Nottingham. <b>Subjects:</b> 394 patients aged 18-70 years presenting with recent onset dyspepsia. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Results of the Flex Sure test compared with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; HM-CAP) with an identical antigen profile and with results of an earlier validation study in secondary care Diagnostic yield of patients undergoing endoscopy on the basis of their Flex Sure result compared with those of patients referred directly for endoscopy. <b>Results:</b> When used in primary care Flex Sure test had a sensitivity and specificity of 67% (95% confidence interval 59% to 75%) and 98% (95% to 99%) compared with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% (87% to 97%) and 90% (83% to 97%) when used previously in secondary care. Of the <i>H pylori</i> test and refer group 14% (28/199) were found to have conditions for which <i>H pylori</i> eradication was appropriate compared with 23% (39/170) of the group referred directly for endoscopy. <b>Conclusions:</b> When used in primary care the sensitivity of the Flex Sure test was significantly poorer than in secondary care About a third of patients who would have benefited from <i>H pylori</i> eradication were not detected. Near patient tests need to be validated in primary care before they are incorporated into management policies for dyspepsia. <h3>Key messages</h3> Near patient tests for <i>H pylori</i> infection have been recommended in the management of dyspepsia in primary care without proper evaluation Such tests should have a high sensitivity to avoid missing treatable illness related to infection The Flex Sure near patient test had a lower sensitivity than previously reported in validation studies performed in secondary care Fewer than expected numbers of patients with <i>H pylori</i> related pathology were identified with the Flex Sure in primary care
Medical Emergencies in Flight-Reply
Authors: Willis A. Wingert
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  The Air Emergency Task Force was unable to find any cases in which a physician had been sued after responding as a Good Samaritan to an in-flight emergency. This does not guarantee that future litigation will never occur. Without a previous example, it is unknown whether the commercial airline would assist the physician's defense. However, the Air Emergency Task Force believes that, as humanitarians, physicians should offer their assistance if a call for help is issued. Dr Klemes is to be congratulated for his response and his good judgment in handling the emergency.  Periodically, bills are presented to Congress (eg, HR260, introduced Jan 5, 1981, by Rep Guyer, R-Ohio) that would provide a uniform national legal policy. Such a law would supersede states' rights. Consequently, no bills have passed through Congress to date, and it is questionable whether passage will occur in the foreseeable future. Incidentally, the American
Not all basic number representations are analog: Place coding as a precursor of the natural number system
Authors: Wim Fias, Tom Verguts
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Rips et al.'s arguments for rejecting basic number representations as a precursor of the natural number system are exclusively based on analog number coding. We argue that these arguments do not apply to place coding, a type of basic number representation that is not considered by Rips et al.
AORTIC DIAMETER PREDICTS ACUTE TYPE A AORTIC DISSECTION IN MARFAN PATIENTS BUT NOT IN NON-MARFAN PATIENTS
Authors: Eunkyung Kim, Taek Kyu Park, Chung Hun Kim, Shin Yi Jang, Seung Hyuk Choi, Duk-Kyung Kim, Jin-Oh Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A NEEDLE HOLDER WITHOUT CATCH, DESIGNED FOR SMALL CURVED NEEDLES
Authors: Conrad Berens
Journal: JAMA (1926)

This needle holder was designed for three reasons:   Many small curved needles are broken by needleholders with a catch and with wide jaws.  The snap of a catch sometimes startles a patient.  In introducing needles in delicate operations it is sometimes awkward to manipulate a catch.   The handle is 83 mm. long; the jaws are 8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide. The lever arm that manipulates the blades is 55 mm. long, which permits the needle to be held firmly with slight pressure. At the end of the arm that activates the jaws is a rounded and roughened finger piece which encircles three fourths of the handle, permitting the needle holder to be rotated in the fingers, still maintaining even pressure on the needle. The needle holder was first designed for introducing small curved needles in cataract work, in which the sound of an opening needle holder might frighten the
PERFORMANCE OF A COINCIDENCE IMAGING SYSTEM WITH DUAL HEAD CAMERA,
Authors: J. Luo, H. El-Zeftawy, S. Atay, H. M. Abdel-Dayem
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Viruses and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Donald H. Gilden
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Resistance of young gelatinase B–deficient mice to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and necrotizing tail lesions
Authors: Bénédicte Dubois, Stefan Masure, Ursula Hurtenbach, Liesbet Paemen, Hubertine Heremans, Joost van den Oord, Raf Sciot, Thorsten Meinhardt, Günter Hämmerling, Ghislain Opdenakker, Bernd Arnold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) plays a role in various physiological processes. To determine in vivo how unbalanced expression of these factors can promote or affect the course of pathologies, we knocked out the mouse gelatinase B gene by replacing the catalytic and zinc-binding domains with an antisense-oriented neomycin resistance gene. Adult gelatinase B–deficient mice and wild-type controls could be induced to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with similar scores for neurologic disease, blood-brain barrier permeability, and central nervous system histopathology. However, whereas diseased control animals showed necrotizing tail lesions with hyperplasia of osteocartilaginous tissue, adult gelatinase B–deficient mice were resistant to this tail pathology. Gelatinase B–deficient mice younger than 4 weeks of age were significantly less susceptible to the development of EAE than were age matched controls and, even as they aged, they remained resistant to tail lesions. These data illustrate that gelatinase B expression plays a role in the development of the immune system and that, in ontogenesis, the propensity to develop autoimmunity is altered by the absence of this MMP.
Case 21-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, John F. Crigler, Robert H. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 4 9/12-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of sexual precocity.She was born of a normal, full-term fifth pregnancy and delivery to a mother aged 30 years. Her birth weight was 3.6 kg. Her growth and physical and intellectual development were normal. She was admitted to another hospital on two occasions because of pneumonitis during the three years preceding entry. She was otherwise well until 3 1/2 months before admission, when her parents noticed emotional lability and bilateral breast enlargement. Sixteen days before admission vaginal spotting occurred, and it continued in lesser amounts for . . .
An Apparently Effective Countermeasure for Doxorubicin Extravasation
Authors: Jack I. Zweig
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) extravasation inevitably leads to local tissue damage. The development of tissue ulceration depends on the injection site. 1,2 Recently we treated a patient who was inadvertently given 40 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride subcutaneously into the forearm. Immediately 5 ml of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate was intentionally infiltrated into the same area followed by 4 mg of dexamethasone (Decadron).  Six weeks since the episode, there has been only minimal swelling and tenderness, without any erythema of the involved area.  The use of corticosteroids for doxorubicin extravasation has been previously suggested. 2 One reason for adding the sodium bicarbonate is that the binding of doxorubicin to tissue is pH dependant. 3 Drastic transient local perturbation of pH would extinguish hydrogen bonding, inhibit the production of the cationic form of doxorubicin, and possibly prevent the formation of the DNA-doxorubicin complex. 3,4 This complex is probably the culprit in
ASSOCIATION OF DIFFERENT ALLELIC FORMS OF GROUP SPECIFIC COMPONENT WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: L.-J. Eales, J.M. Parkin, S.M. Forster, K.E. Nye, J.N. Weber, J.R.W. Harris, A.J. Pinching
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Abstract No. 1 Epidemiology of erythropoietic protoporphyria: the U.K. experience
Authors: S.A. Holme, A.V. Anstey, A.Y. Finlay, G.H. Elder, M.N. Badminton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited photodermatosis that causes lifelong painful photosensitivity. Neither its full clinical spectrum nor its impact on quality of life (QOL) have been investigated in a large group of patients. We sought to document the epidemiology of EPP and its impact on QOL in a high proportion of all patients with EPP resident in the U.K. Subjects with EPP were identified from U.K. clinical databases and were assessed by the same clinical investigator over a 7-month period using a standardized proforma and Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaires. Three hundred and eighty-nine living subjects with EPP were identified, giving a minimum U.K. prevalence of 1 in 136 000. Of these, 223 (114 females, 109 males; median age 34 years, range 5–87) were investigated. Mean total erythrocyte porphyrin (TEP) was higher in males (29·3 μmol L-1) than females (23·1 μmol L-1). The median age at onset (1·1 years) preceded that at diagnosis by 10·9 years. Median times to onset of symptoms after sun exposure, onset of signs (oedema, erythema) and resolution of signs were 20 min, 6 h and 3 days, respectively. Most subjects reported priming (85%), absence of protection by glass (92%), exacerbation by wind (68%), no family history of photosensitivity (58%), no symptoms during winter (56%) and had chronic skin lesions (79%). Symptoms changed little with age but improved during pregnancy in 47% of gravid women. Most subjects used protective clothing and a sunscreen; 28% were taking beta-carotene and a further 56% had taken it; 29% were not under regular medical care. Two subjects (0·9%) had liver failure and 8% had gallstone disease. QOL was markedly impaired with scores similar to those in severe dermatological disease. QOL scores correlated weakly with TEP (r = 0·215) and time to onset of symptoms (r = –0·267), but not with age at onset. In conclusion, we have reported the epidemiology of EPP. It is a persistent, socially disabling disease with a marked impact on QOL. Its diagnosis is often overlooked. Neither TEP, age at onset nor time to onset of symptoms are useful predictors of impaired QOL in individual patients.
De Subitaneis Mortibus
Authors: THOMAS N. JAMES, MARY L. MARSHALL, MICHAEL W. CRAIG
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation was the cause of death of a 19-year-old woman with a lifelong history of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Her final illness began with a bout of tachycardia during her second trimester of pregnancy and was then characterized by sustained tachycardia with hypotension, oliguria, and renal failure, with a steadily falling hematocrit in the absence of significant bleeding externally. At necropsy there were numerous platelet and fibrin emboli throughout the heart. Small arteries in both the sinus node and in the atrioventricular (A-V) node and His bundle were involved. The sinus node was virtually destroyed by recent infarction. Structural variation in the A-V node and His bundle, probably congenital in nature, provided an anatomic substrate for re-entrant loops which may have been the basis for the paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.
Unusual Explosion During Electrosurgery
Authors: K. J. Carroll
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Biehl and Vilter (1954) have shown that the peripheral neuro- pathy due to isoniazid is a result of pyridoxine deficiency and may be prevented by the combined administration of isoniazid and pyridoxine.Isoniazid combines with pyridoxine in the tissues and the compound is excreted in the urine as the isonico- tinyl hydrazone of pyridoxine.They mention that other factors may be involved in the production of side-effects.In view of the structural relationship of nicotinic acid to isoniazid a meta- bolic antagonism has been postulated resulting in nicotinic-acid deficiency (Pegum, 1952).As ethionamide is, like isoniazid, a derivative of isonicotinic acid, it may have played some part in the clinical picture described above.The predominant role of vitamin deficiencies in the production of these complications is convincingly shown by the rapid response to treatment with the B2-group of vitamins.Though few serious toxic reactions appear to have occurred during isoniazid therapy, there are now well-documented reports of less serious effects, including vitamin deficiencies.It would seem important to bear these in mind, not least because isoniazid has been advocated for other conditions-for example, anxiety and depression (Salzer and Lurie, 1953).
ONSET OF ANTIGEN INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE TKANSFORMATION FOLLOAVING SMALLPOX VACCINATION.
Authors: I. SARKANY, G. A. CARON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article ONSET OF ANTIGEN INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE TKANSFORMATION FOLLOAVING SMALLPOX VACCINATION. Get access I. SARKANY, I. SARKANY Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, W.C.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. A. CARON G. A. CARON Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, W.C.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 6, 1 June 1966, Pages 352–354, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb14690.x Published: 01 June 1966
Hepatitis B and admission to medical school: an audit of British medical school policy
Authors: G. Parker, S. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1996)

42 Dosage regimen and relevant pharmacokinetic datat 19-35 Contraindications 26 Precautions and warning 31 Adverse effects 32 Drug interactions 24 Overdosage: 11 Pharmaceutical information: How product can be given 39 Content quantity for each means of administration 38 Additives (sweeteners, flavourings, colourings) 0 Storage conditions and shelf life 11 Pack sizes 30 Description of product and package 29 Legal category 0 Name and address of manufacturer 40 *As suggested by World Health Organisation.1 tincludes average dose and range, dosing interval, duration of treatment, and modifications as required.tSymptoms, treatment, and antidote.desirable headings (table 1).' None of the replies mentioned the legal category or the additives (sweeteners, flavourings, and colourings) used in the product.Pharmacological actions and details of overdosage and storage conditions were missing for 33 products.Side effects, precautions, contraindications, and drug interactions were not described in 12-20 products.Non-proprietary names, mechanism of action, indications, average dose, dosage form and its content quantity, or manufacturer's name were not given for nine products.
Topographic Diversity of the Respiratory Tract Mycobiome and Alteration in HIV and Lung Disease
Authors: Lijia Cui, Lorrie Lucht, Laura Tipton, Matthew B. Rogers, Adam Fitch, Cathy Kessinger, Danielle Camp, Lawrence Kingsley, Nicolas Leo, Ruth M. Greenblatt, Serena Fong, Stephen Stone, John C. Dermand, Eric C. Kleerup, Laurence Huang, Alison Morris, Elodie Ghedin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Microbiome studies typically focus on bacteria, but fungal species are common in many body sites and can have profound effects on the host. Wide gaps exist in the understanding of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and its relationship to lung disease.Objectives: To characterize the mycobiome at different respiratory tract levels in persons with and without HIV infection and in HIV-infected individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: Oral washes (OW), induced sputa (IS), and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were collected from 56 participants. We performed 18S and internal transcribed spacer sequencing and used the neutral model to identify fungal species that are likely residents of the lung. We used ubiquity–ubiquity plots, random forest, logistic regression, and metastats to compare fungal communities by HIV status and presence of COPD.Measurements and Main Results: Mycobiomes of OW, IS, and BAL shared common organisms, but each also had distinct members. Candida was dominant in OW and IS, but BAL had 39 fungal species that were disproportionately more abundant than in the OW. Fungal communities in BAL differed significantly by HIV status and by COPD, with Pneumocystis jirovecii significantly overrepresented in both groups. Other fungal species were also identified as differing in HIV and COPD.Conclusions: This study systematically examined the respiratory tract mycobiome in a relatively large group. By identifying Pneumocystis and other fungal species as overrepresented in the lung in HIV and in COPD, it is the first to determine alterations in fungal communities associated with lung dysfunction and/or HIV, highlighting the clinical relevance of these findings.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00870857).
P5-07-05: Hypoxic Mammary Epithelial Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture Develop a Cancer-Like Phenotype.
Authors: M Vaapil, K Helczynska, S Påhlman, A Jögi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Due to inadequate vascularization and tumor cell proliferation solid tumors are hypoxic compared to corresponding normal tissues. Tumor hypoxia has been associated with increased metastatic potential and worse patient outcome. The hypoxic response is mainly driven by the hypoxia inducible transcription factors; HIF −1α and HIF-2α. We have reported that hypoxia leads to a less differentiated phenotype in breast cancer and neuroblastoma, and in the clinic low tumor cell differentiation is related to poor prognosis in these diseases. We have shown that high levels of HIF-2α protein correlate to distant metastasis and poor survival in invasive breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia on mammary epithelial cell differentiation and epithelial organization. We employed the well-characterized model of acinar morphogenesis on extra cellular matrix substrate. In this model mammary epithelial cells that are cultured in three-dimensional culture on a laminin-rich matrix differentiate and form acini-like structures with evacuated lumen surrounded by polarized palisade cells. We found that hypoxia (1% oxygen) impaired the process of acinar morphogenesis and the hypoxic cells failed to obtain polarity and that markers of differentiation were affected at expression levels as well as cellular localization. The hypoxic cells remained proliferative whereas normoxic cells lost Ki-67 expression within a week. We found that hypoxia impaired the global histone deacetylation that has been shown by others to take place in the process of acini formation in mammary epithelial cells. Three days post-seeding, during the proliferation stage, both normoxic and hypoxic cells stained positive for acetylated histone 4. When the normoxic cells went through morphological changes and acinar formation, the acetylation of histone 4 was reduced whereas it was maintained in the hypoxic cell-clusters at day 10 post-seeding. Thus, the hypoxic conditions maintained the epithelial cells in an acetylated state, which is generally associated with an open chromatin structure, high level of transcription and an undifferentiated stage. These data indicate that hypoxia promotes loss of differentiation also at a non-malignant stage and render the cells a cancer-like phenotype. We are currently extending this study in primary cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-05.
Preservation of the Puboprostatic Collar and Puboperineoplasty for Early Recovery of Urinary Continence after Robotic Prostatectomy: Anatomic Basis and Preliminary Outcomes
Authors: Atsushi Takenaka, Ashutosh K. Tewari, Robert A. Leung, Kevin Bigelow, Nasr El-Tabey, Gen Murakami, Masato Fujisawa
Journal: European Urology (2006)