tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of grape and wine allergens as an Endochitinase 4, a lipid-transfer protein, and a Thaumatin
Authors: Elide A. Pastorello, Laura Farioli, Valerio Pravettoni, Claudio Ortolani, Donatella Fortunato, Maria Gabriella Giuffrida, Lorenza Perono Garoffo, Ambra Marianna Calamari, Oreste Brenna, Amedeo Conti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Automated Identification of Postoperative Complications Within an Electronic Medical Record Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Harvey J. Murff, Fern FitzHenry, Michael E. Matheny, Nancy Gentry, Kristen L. Kotter, Kimberly Crimin, Robert S. Dittus, Amy K. Rosen, Peter L. Elkin, Steven H. Brown, Theodore Speroff
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Currently most automated methods to identify patient safety occurrences rely on administrative data codes; however, free-text searches of electronic medical records could represent an additional surveillance approach.<h3>Objective</h3>To evaluate a natural language processing search–approach to identify postoperative surgical complications within a comprehensive electronic medical record.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>Cross-sectional study involving 2974 patients undergoing inpatient surgical procedures at 6 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers from 1999 to 2006.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Postoperative occurrences of acute renal failure requiring dialysis, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, pneumonia, or myocardial infarction identified through medical record review as part of the VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of the natural language processing approach to identify these complications and compared its performance with patient safety indicators that use discharge coding information.<h3>Results</h3>The proportion of postoperative events for each sample was 2% (39 of 1924) for acute renal failure requiring dialysis, 0.7% (18 of 2327) for pulmonary embolism, 1% (29 of 2327) for deep vein thrombosis, 7% (61 of 866) for sepsis, 16% (222 of 1405) for pneumonia, and 2% (35 of 1822) for myocardial infarction. Natural language processing correctly identified 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%-91%) of acute renal failure cases compared with 38% (95% CI, 25%-54%) for patient safety indicators. Similar results were obtained for venous thromboembolism (59%, 95% CI, 44%-72% vs 46%, 95% CI, 32%-60%), pneumonia (64%, 95% CI, 58%-70% vs 5%, 95% CI, 3%-9%), sepsis (89%, 95% CI, 78%-94% vs 34%, 95% CI, 24%-47%), and postoperative myocardial infarction (91%, 95% CI, 78%-97%) vs 89%, 95% CI, 74%-96%). Both natural language processing and patient safety indicators were highly specific for these diagnoses.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among patients undergoing inpatient surgical procedures at VA medical centers, natural language processing analysis of electronic medical records to identify postoperative complications had higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared with patient safety indicators based on discharge coding.
Oral Contraceptives and Endometrial Cancer-Reply
Authors: Howard W. Ory
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Dr Maxey has raised the issue of whether the results of the recently published study of endometrial cancer and oral contraceptives could possibly be biased because one needs a telephone to be selected as a control. He was concerned that women of upper socioeconomic status would be more apt to have telephones and also more apt to use oral contraceptives than those of lower socioeconomic status. If this were true, it would cause a spuriously high estimate of oral contraceptive use in our control group relative to our cases— cases being ascertained from hospital logs and therefore not needing telephones to enter the study. We were concerned about this possible bias and asked cases whether they had a telephone. In fact, 186 of the 187 cases had telephones. Thus, our method of selecting controls by telephone could not have biased the study in the way that Dr Maxey
Collaboration with industry facilitates useful research that wouldn't happen otherwise
Authors: P. J. Whorwell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

I have worked in functional gastroenterology for over 30 years and could not have published over 300 papers, articles, and chapters without the support of the pharmaceutical industry.1 To obtain a grant towards research in my field was impossible until very recently, the only alternative being to collaborate with industry and use any money left over to fund more …
Increased Energy Expenditure, Dietary Fat Wasting, and Resistance to Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Lacking Renin
Authors: Nobuyuki Takahashi, Feng Li, Kunjie Hua, Jianbei Deng, Chih-Hong Wang, Robert R. Bowers, Timothy J. Bartness, Hyung-Suk Kim, Joyce B. Harp
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Lead Poisoning in Children of Lead Workers
Authors: Edward L. Baker, David S. Folland, T. A. Taylor, Myron Frank, Wendy Peterson, George Lovejoy, Dennis Cox, Jere Housworth, Philip J. Landrigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Children may be exposed through various mechanisms to toxins of industrial origin. Contamination of the home environment by soiled work clothing is an important mechanism of such exposure and has been associated with the development of mesothelioma,1 berylliosis2 and chloracne3 , 4 in workers' families. In the outbreak of symptomatic lead poisoning in the children of lead workers described below, the apparent vehicle of exposure was lead dust carried home on work clothing.MethodsDuring December, 1975, and January, 1976, after an investigation of occupational lead poisoning at a secondary lead smelter in Memphis, Tennessee,5 91 children and 12 wives of current . . .
Axillary Block and Dialysis
Authors: Bruno J. Urban
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Heretofore the insertion of arteriovenous shunts using local infiltration has been made difficult by the occurrence of vascular spasm. The changing caliber of the vessels has resulted in leakage and diminished flow at the shunt, necessitating frequent revisions. To obviate these difficulties and to permit more adequate cannulas to be employed, blocking of the brachial plexus was initiated. This technique, using the axillary approach, was undertaken on 30 cases. The resultant vasodilation and analgesia facilitated surgery appreciably. Infrared photography and thermographic examinations substantiating the clinical findings were done. Axillary block of the brachial plexus is regarded the method of choice for this procedure, providing excellent working conditions for the surgeon with a minimum of risk and discomfort for the patient.
The genome of the extremophile crucifer Thellungiella parvula
Authors: Maheshi Dassanayake, Dong-Ha Oh, Jeffrey S Haas, Alvaro Hernandez, Hyewon Hong, Shahjahan Ali, Dae-Jin Yun, Ray A Bressan, Jian-Kang Zhu, Hans J Bohnert, John M Cheeseman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
IMAGING PREDICTORS OF CLINICAL DETERIORATION IN IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: PROSPECTIVE TWO-YEAR STUDY WITH 2D AND 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND CMR
Authors: Julia Grapsa, Ines Zimbarra Cabrita, Giuliana Durighel, Benjamin Smith, David Dawson, Declan O'Regan, Wendy Gin-Sing, Luke SGE Howard, Simon JR Gibbs, Petros Nihoyannopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
INFLUENCE OF SOME DRUGS AND OF EMOTIONS ON BLOOD COAGULATION
Authors: David I. Macht
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In a paper read at a meeting of the American Medical Association at Atlantic City on June 11, 1942, before the Section on Pathology and Physiology, I announced a pharmacologic discovery which in the subsequent years has been followed by developments of clinical importance.<sup>1</sup>I reported that when repeated samples of blood are taken from cats during the progress of intravenous injections of digitalis or ouabain solutions for biological assay, the coagulation time of the blood samples as determined by the Lee and White method progressively became shorter. This phenomenon did not occur in control experiments with many other drugs. The same phenomenon of marked decrease in coagulation time was noted again in experiments with digitalis on rabbits in which the blood samples were obtained by cardiac punctures. These findings in regard to digitalis and ouabain were found to hold good also for strophanthus, Convallaria, and other digitaloid drugs,
Race and Allocation of Kidneys for Transplantation
Authors: Velta A. Lazda
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the Special Communication by Gaston et al,<sup>1</sup>the authors misinterpret our previously reported results of an evaluation of a local variance of the UNOS point system on organ distribution<sup>2</sup>as it pertains to waiting times. Gaston et al state, "While this algorithm enhances black patients' access to kidneys and preserves the efficiency of outstanding matches, its implicit race consciousness does not address the disparity in waiting times between blacks and whites," and, in fact, it "may exacerbate the problem...." On the contrary, our data showed that a significantly greater number of patients with waiting times of more than 2 years were among the highest ranked potential recipients when our local point system was used, thus benefiting patients with longer waiting times, such as blacks, and reducing the difference in waiting times between blacks and nonblacks. It is precisely for these reasons that the adoption
A Randomized Comparison of High Clopidogrel Loading Doses in Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Gilles Montalescot, Georges Sideris, Catherine Meuleman, Claire Bal-dit-Sollier, Nicolas Lellouche, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Michel Slama, Olivier Milleron, Jean-Philippe Collet, Patrick Henry, Farzin Beygui, Ludovic Drouet
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Real-Time Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loops During Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair With the MitraClip System
Authors: Oliver Gaemperli, Patric Biaggi, Remo Gugelmann, Martin Osranek, Jan J. Schreuder, Ines Bühler, Daniel Sürder, Thomas F. Lüscher, Christian Felix, Dominique Bettex, Jürg Grünenfelder, Roberto Corti
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip device has emerged as an alternative to surgery for treating severe mitral regurgitation. However, its effects on left ventricular loading conditions and contractility have not been investigated yet.Pressure-volume loops were recorded throughout the MitraClip procedure using conductance catheter in 33 patients (mean age, 78±10 years) with functional (45%), degenerative (48%), or mixed (6%) mitral regurgitation. Percutaneous mitral valve repair increased end-systolic wall stress (WSES; from [median] 184 mm Hg [interquartile range (IQR), 140-200 mm Hg] to 209 mm Hg [IQR, 176-232 mm Hg]; P=0.001) and decreased end-diastolic WS (WSED; from 48 mm Hg [IQR, 28-58 mm Hg] to 34 mm Hg [IQR, 21-46 mm Hg]; P=0.005), whereas the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship was not significantly affected. Conversely, cardiac index increased (from 2.6 L·min(-1)·m(-2) [IQR, 2.2-3.0 L·min(-1)·m(-2)] to 3.2 L·min(-1)·m(-2) [IQR, 2.6-3.8 L·min(-1)·m(-2)]; P<0.001) and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased (from 15 mm Hg [IQR, 12-20 mm Hg] to 12 mm Hg [IQR, 10-13 mm Hg]; P<0.001). Although changes in WSES were not correlated with changes in cardiac index, changes in WSED correlated significantly with changes in mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r=0.63, P<0.001). Total mechanical energy assessed by the pressure-volume area remained unchanged, resulting in a more favorable index of forward output (cardiac index) to mechanical energy (pressure-volume area) after mitral valve repair. On follow-up (153±94 days), New York Heart Association functional class was reduced from 2.9±0.6 to 1.9±0.5 (P<0.001) at 3 months, and echocardiographic follow-up documented a stepwise reduction in end-diastolic volume (from 147 mL [IQR, 95-191 mL] to 127 mL [IQR, 82-202 mL]; P=0.036).Percutaneous mitral valve repair improves hemodynamic profiles and induces reverse left ventricular remodeling by reducing left ventricular preload while preserving contractility. In nonsurgical candidates with compromised left ventricular function, MitraClip therapy could be considered an alternative to surgical mitral valve repair.
Effects of Leukotrienes on Neutrophil Migration, and on Production and Action of Lymphokines
Authors: M. Svenson, H. Bisgaard, K. Bendtzen
Journal: Allergy (1984)

The effect of the leukotrienes LTB 4 , LTC 4 and LTD 4 on the production of the lymphokine leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was tested. LTC 4 and LTD 4 failed to influence LIF production by cells stimulated by antigen or the polyclonal T cell activator, phytohemagglutinin (PHA). LTB 4 , at concentrations 10 −7 to 10 −6 M, showed significant inhibition of antigen‐induced LIF production but was without effect when cells were stimulated by PHA. The cell levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were unaffected by 2.5 × 10 −7 M LTB 4 in the absence or presence of theophylline. These results indicate that LTB 4 acts on the early effector stage of the immune response without affecting the cellular cAMp content.
A METHOD OF OBTAINING ANTERIOR SYMPATHETIC ANESTHESIA IN ABDOMINAL SURGERY
Authors: ROBERT EMMETT FARR
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In order to obtain success, using the term success in its broadest sense, in the application of local anesthesia to abdominal surgery, one must meet two definite and unqualified demands: (1) anesthesia of the abdominal wall covering a sufficient area to permit the necessary intraperitoneal manipulations; and (2) the establishment of intraperitoneal anesthesia (abdominal sympathetic system), which will allow one to carry out the required operative procedures without complaint on the part of the patient and without interference with the surgeon in his efforts. So closely related to the establishment of such anesthesia are numerous other factors that the introduction of the anesthetic into either of the aforementioned regions becomes, as a matter of fact, of secondary importance. In other words, the establishment of anesthesia and the successful performance of a major abdominal operation are so closely correlated with a large number of details that a mere discussion of the
Suboptimal antenatal care implicated in half of stillbirths
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Suboptimal antenatal care might have contributed to the outcome in up to half of stillbirths recorded in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland during 1996 and 1997, says a report published last week by the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy.

The eighth annual report—published as part of enquiry's ongoing remit to identify areas of suboptimal care contributing to the deaths of babies between 20 weeks' gestation and 1 year of age—showed that stillbirth remained the commonest category of death …
Evidence for partner choice in toddlers: Considering the breadth of other-oriented behaviours
Authors: Kristen A. Dunfield, Valerie A. Kuhlmeier
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract When do humans become moral beings? This commentary draws on developmental psychology theory to expand the understanding of early moral behaviours. We argue that by looking at a broader range of other-oriented acts than what has been considered by Baumard et al., we can find support for the mutualistic approach to morality even in early instances of other-oriented behaviours.
THE MEDICINE AND SURGERY OF THE WINNEBAGO AND DAKOTA INDIANS.
Authors: F. Andros
Journal: JAMA (1883)

The following interesting account of aboriginal medical art is just received from Dr. F. Andros. now of Mitchell, Dakota Territory, but formerly well-known and eminent at McGregor, Iowa. Dr. Andros is said to be the grandson of Sir Edmund Andros, the British governor of New York in colonial times. He is now over eighty years of age, but writes a firm hand, and is still actively engaged in practice. He has lived nearly all his adult life in contact with the Indians. Among the Winnebagoes he was a “great medicine man,” and was admitted to the lodge of their secret society, which has its signs and passwords, and is in many respects like some of the secret orders among the whites. Being thus closely intimate with the Indians at a very early day, before they were much modified by contact with civilization, his testimony as to their original medical and
Cancer figures for Ireland show increase in lung cancer in women
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The latest figures from the National Cancer Registry in Ireland have shown a marked increase in the number of cases of lung cancer in women in the past eight years.

This new report from the registry showed that the incidence of lung cancer increased in women by more than 3% a year for the five years 1996 to 2000, whereas in men it fell by about 1% …
Problems with sexual function: Comparison with other studies provides interesting findings
Authors: K. M Dunn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Nazareth et al present data on the self reported prevalence of sexual problems among people consulting general practitioners and the diagnosis of such problems in the medical records of respondents.1 A parallel exists between the analysis of medical records in this study and self reported consultations for sexual problems previously published by my colleagues and me.2

The authors are correct in saying that this previous study of sexual problems in the United Kingdom …
Using New Insulin Strategies in the Outpatient Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Dawn E. DeWitt, David C. Dugdale
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Understanding when to use insulin and how to apply the principles of physiologic insulin replacement using existing and new insulins is a key step to improving diabetes care. Insulin analogues and premixed insulins increase physicians' and patients' ability to lower hemoglobin A1C levels with fewer episodes of hypoglycemia. Earlier use of insulin and more aggressive dose escalation are important steps in achieving treatment goals. This article discusses using bedtime insulin with oral agents, basal-prandial insulin strategies, and the new insulin analogues.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF T AND B MEMORY LYMPHOCYTES IN THE RAT
Authors: Samuel Strober, Jeanette Dilley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

The adoptive secondary antibody response of rats to the hapten-protein conjugate dinitrophenyl-diphtheria toxoid (DNP-DT) was used to investigate the migratory properties and rate of formation of T and B memory cells in the spleen. The experimental findings show that hapten (DNP-BSA)- and carrier (DT)-primed spleen cells act synergistically in the restoration of the adoptive anti-DNP response. Passage of both hapten- and carrier-primed spleen cells through an intermediate host (intravenous injection and subsequent collection in the thoracic duct lymph) showed that both cell types are able to recirculate from the blood to the lymph. In addition, memory to the hapten or carrier could be withdrawn from the spleen by prolonged thoracic duct drainage. The rate of formation of hapten- and carrier-primed spleen cells was studied by treating donors with [(3)H]thymidine for 48 h before cell transfer in an attempt to "suicide" rapidly dividing cells. Only a slight reduction in the adoptive response to the hapten or carrier was noted upon transfer of treated cells to irradiated hosts. In further experiments, the cell lineage of hapten- and carrier-primed cells was determined by treating each cell type in vitro with rabbit antirat B cell serum (RARBS) and complement. Although treatment with RARBS did not affect the adoptive response restored by carrier-primed cells, the same treatment abolished the response restored by hapten-primed cells. These findings indicate that T and B memory cells in the spleen of the rat are relatively long-lived, recirculating lymphocytes. The contribution of fixed or rapidly turning over cells to immunological memory is small or negligible as compared with the latter cells.
P129 Systematic Review And Meta-analysis Of Cross-sectional Studies On Arc Welding Fume Effects And Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: A. Marongiu, C. Minelli, C. Canova, S. Schofield, J. Szram, P. Cullinan
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives.</h3> Exposure to the complex metal-rich aerosol produced by arc welding is putatively linked to obstructive lung disease in welders through a mechanism of oxidative stress. Given that published studies have been mainly conducted by means of cross-sectional surveys, this research aims systematically to review these; we have previously published a similar review of (the many fewer) longitudinal studies on welders’ lung function decline. <h3>Methods</h3> Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched up to July 2013 by combining two blocks for exposure (welding fume) and outcomes (FEV<sub>1</sub>, FVC, FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC%, asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, dyspnoea and wheezing) both containing free text keywords and MeSH terms. Double data extraction was performed independently. To explore possible causes of heterogeneity a subgroup analysis was undertaken to account for country income level, participants’ smoking status and welders’ age. <h3>Results</h3> Fifty-six cross-sectional studies were identified and 40 were included in the review. Of these, 35 were included in a meta-analysis; lung function was measured in 22 studies and symptoms in 30 studies. Compared with non-welders, welding was associated with a statistically significant reduction in FEV<sub>1</sub> (SMD= -0.34; 95% CI, -0.57, -0.12; I<sup>2</sup>=92%) and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC% (SMD= -0.51; 95% CI, -0.94, -0.08; I<sup>2</sup>=96%). The substantial heterogeneity in both outcomes was explored further but no subgroup analyses explained it. FVC reduction with welding exposure was not statistically significant and highly heterogeneous. Welding was associated with asthma (OR=1.65, 95% CI, 1.14, 2.37; I<sup>2</sup>=0%), acute bronchitis (OR=1.61, 95% CI, 1.15, 2.27; I<sup>2</sup>=11%), chronic bronchitis after excluding a large study<sup>1</sup> (1.92, 95% CI, 1.50, 2.46; I<sup>2</sup>=40%), dyspnoea in medium/low income countries (OR=3.54, 95% CI, 1.96, 5.08; I<sup>2</sup>=0%) and wheezing among non-smokers (OR=9.06, 95% CI, 3.75, 21.9; I<sup>2</sup>=0%). All risk estimates for symptoms were higher in medium/low income countries. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Welding fume exposure has a negative effect on the respiratory health of workers, possibly leading to obstructive lung disease and increasing the risk of respiratory symptoms particularly in medium/low income countries. <h3>Reference</h3> Groth M, Lyngenbo O. Respiratory symptoms in Danish welders. <i>Scand J Soc Med</i>, 1989;17(4):p. 271–6
William Osler at 150
Authors: Richard L. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Sir William Osler is one of the most admired and honored physicians in the history of medicine. He influenced the development of medicine in Canada, the United States, and Great Britain, where he held professorships at McGill University, the University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins University, and Oxford University. Through his textbook, The Principles and Practice of Medicine, and other clinical and philosophical writings, he exercised a truly global influence. In this sesquicentennial of his birth, William Osler continues to serve as a model of excellence for the medical profession. This examination of the reasons for his enduring impact reveals a legacy of clinical, scientific, literary, educational, and intraprofessional accomplishments linked to a remarkable personality, and bound together by an extraordinary humanism.