tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis of T cell subsets present in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of reactive arthritis patients
Authors: H. Beacock-Sharp, J. L Young, J S H. Gaston
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> Reactive arthritis (ReA), a HLA-B27 associated arthropathy, develops in susceptible people after infection with certain bacteria. T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the arthritis but which of the different subsets is involved is still debated. This study has further elucidated the role of the CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells by examining the expression of various surface markers associated with activation. <h3>METHODS</h3> Three colour flow cytometry was used to examine the phenotype of the T cells within the synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB) of ReA patients. <h3>RESULTS</h3> ReA SF, compared with paired PB, contained a higher percentage of CD69<sup>+</sup>, CD25<sup>+</sup>, and HLA-DR<sup>+</sup> CD3<sup>+</sup> T cells. The majority of SF T cells also expressed the putative memory marker CD45RO. Within the T cell subsets, CD25 was expressed primarily on the CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells; however more CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The results show that both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell populations demonstrate evidence of recent activation. Whether these cells are involved in inducing inflammation, regulating the inflammation, or have become active as a result of migration through the endothelium, remains to be determined by functional studies.
Regurgitant jet size by transesophageal compared with transthoracic Doppler color flow imaging.
Authors: M D Smith, M R Harrison, R Pinton, H Kandil, O L Kwan, A N DeMaria
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Combined echocardiography and Doppler color flow mapping from transthoracic imaging windows has become the standard method for the noninvasive assessment of valvular regurgitation. This study compared regurgitant jet areas by Doppler color flow imaging derived from the newer transesophageal approach with measurements obtained from conventional transthoracic apical views. Maximal regurgitant jet area determinations and an overall visual estimate of lesion severity were obtained from 42 patients who underwent color flow examination by both techniques. Seventy-three regurgitant lesions were visualized by transesophageal flow imaging: 34 mitral, 22 aortic, and 17 tricuspid jets. Transthoracic studies in the same patients revealed fewer regurgitant lesions for each valve; 20 mitral, 16 aortic, and 12 tricuspid (p = 0.0009). A comparison of maximal jet areas determined by transesophageal and transthoracic studies showed a good overall correlation (r = 0.85, SEE = 2.8 cm2) and a systematic overestimation by the transesophageal technique (TEE = 0.96 TTX + 2.7). For the subgroup with mitral insufficiency, valve lesions visualized by both techniques were larger by the transesophageal approach (n = 18, 6.0 versus 3.6 cm2, p = 0.008). Semiquantitative visual grading of individual valve lesions by two independent observers revealed a higher grade of regurgitation with more jets classified as mild (38 versus 25), moderate (18 versus 13), and severe (17 versus 10) by esophageal imaging than by transthoracic imaging. Thus, transesophageal color flow mapping techniques yield a higher prevalence of valvular regurgitation than do transthoracic techniques in the same patients. Jet area and the overall estimate of regurgitant lesion severity were also greater by transesophageal color Doppler imaging compared with standard transthoracic imaging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LARGER LIPID POOLS ASSOCIATE WITH FEATURES OF PLAQUE VULNERABILITY ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Yu Kataoka, Julie S. John, Kathy Wolski, Kiyoko Uno, Rishi Puri, James Harvey, Samir Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Steven Nissen, Stephen J. Nicholls
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
862-3 Subacute stent thrombosis after successful placement of sirolimus-eluting coronary stents: Real-world experience
Authors: Allen Jeremias, Jonathan Bridges, Brian Bigelow, Brett Sylvia, Kalon K Ho, Duane S Pinto, David J Cohen, Donald E Cutlip, Joseph P Carrozza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Dopamine agonists for polycystic ovary disease?
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) generally are treated with oral contraceptives, "fertility drugs" to induce ovulation, or—when all else fails—surgical wedge resection. But tentative clinical impressions now suggest that dopamine agonists used to treat hyperprolactinemia may become a therapeutic option for these patients. (For discussion of another use of dopamine agonist therapy, see "Galactorrhea Without Hyperprolactinemia" on page 593.) At the recent Endocrine Society meeting in San Francisco, Jon J. Pehrson, MD, a fellow in endocrinology and metabolism at Boston City Hospital, reported that the disease may entail alterations in dopaminergic control of prolactin secretion. Pehrson and Judith L. Vaitukaitis, MD, of Boston University School of Medicine, who is chief of endocrinology at the city hospital, found slightly elevated basal serum prolactin levels in about one third of 42 affected women (none of whom had pituitary tumors or congenital adrenal hyperplasia) during protracted amenorrhea or the early follicular phase
Treatment of refractory sleep apnea with supplemental carbon dioxide.
Authors: M S Badr, J E Grossman, S A Weber
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Sleep apnea syndrome is a relatively common disorder characterized by periodic cessation of breathing during sleep because of upper airway obstruction (obstructive sleep apnea) or by reduction of ventilatory drive (central sleep apnea). We report the case of a middle-aged, obese man who underwent tracheostomy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea documented by polysomnography. Although tracheostomy resulted in marked clinical improvement, relief of upper airway obstruction unmasked severe central sleep apnea. We report the successful treatment of this patient's central sleep apnea syndrome with the use of supplemental CO2 therapy.
The perception of cast shadows
Authors: Pascal Mamassian, David C. Knill, Daniel Kersten
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (1998)

When an object casts its shadow on a background surface, the shadow can be informative about the shape of the object, the shape of the background surface and the spatial arrangement of the object relative to the background. Among all these roles, we found that cast shadows were perceptually most relevant for the recovery of spatial arrangement, especially when the shadow is in motion. This finding is intriguing when one considers the ambiguities in the possible ways that shadow motion can be interpreted. We reasoned that the visual system must use a priori constraints to disambiguate the cast shadow motion. One of these constraints is that the light source is stationary. Though simple, the stationary-light-source constraint supports rich, reliable inferences about the qualitative motions of objects in three dimensions.
Opportunity prioritization, biofunctional simultaneity, and psychological mutual exclusion
Authors: Asghar Iran-Nejad, Sally Ann Zengaro
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We argue that prioritization, simultaneity, and mutual exclusion are mind-body integration functions that can't be addressed meaningfully at the psychological (computational) level alone. We describe the outlook for an integration between Kurzban et al.'s profound discussion of opportunity cost/benefit prioritization and decades of related development in biofunctional science.
A REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTS WITH TUBERCULIN AT THE GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL IN CINCINNATI.
Authors: S. P. KRAMER
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The following is a report of the experiments with tuberculin in the treatment of tuberculosis, carried on in conjunction with Prof. Whittaker at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati. The work was begun on January 14th and has been continued up to the present time. Fifteen weeks' experience with the remedy is but a short time during which to gather material that shall give us definite results. This is offered as the result of observation during that time, to be taken for what it is worth. I shall report only those cases in which the remedy was used systematically as treatment, leaving out the cases in which it was used for diagnostic purposes. The injection of tuberculin, and nutritious diet and alcohol, constituted the only treatment used. In all, then, there are twenty-nine cases. Two of these were cases of tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands primarily. As they present many
Abstract 3433: ARHGAP30 and DEDD as potential genomic drivers of invasive urothelial carcinomas
Authors: Andrew L. Hong, Markus Riester, Anna C. Schinzel, Amy Schlauch, Rosalyn M. Adam, David J. Kwiatkowski, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, William C. Hahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is diagnosed in 72,570 patients annually. 20-30% of these patients have high grade advanced disease. These patients have had historically poor prognosis with 5-year survival rates of 33% and 6% in patients with regional and distant staged disease, respectively. Recent genomic analysis suggests that amplification of 1q23.3 may be associated with poor survival in patients with advanced UC. Using functional genomic screens, we aim to identify the genomic driver(s) of this association. Methods: First, we created an arrayed shRNA screen with 79 shRNAs targeting 15 genes within this amplification. We studied these effects across 4 and 6 bladder cell lines with and without amplification of 1q23.3, respectively. We then performed secondary screens through the overexpression of these genes. This was performed in 2 UC cells lines without amplification of 1q23.3, RT-4 (grade 1 UC) and RT-112 (grade 2 UC) along with an immortalized bladder cell line, TRT-HU1. These secondary screens include assessment of morphology, proliferation, clonogenicity, anchorage independence by soft agar colony formation, migration and invasion by Boyden chambers, and in-vivo tumor growth. Results: RIGER analysis of the arrayed shRNA screen identifies DEDD, F11R, ARHGAP30 and PVRL4 knockdown as inducing decreased proliferation (FDR &amp;lt;0.25) when comparing 1q23.3 amplified to non-amplified lines. Overexpression of those genes preliminarily shows: 1) ARHGAP30 overexpression changes the morphology from an epithelial to an amoeboid state in a subpopulation of both cancer cell lines. 2) DEDD overexpression confers a modest proliferative advantage in both UC cell lines. 3) No increased clonogenic potential or invasion/migration is observed when these genes are overexpressed. 4) DEDD and ARHGAP30 confer anchorage independence in RT-112 although this is not seen in RT-4 or TRT-HU1. Conclusions: ARHGAP30 and DEDD are potential drivers within the amplification of 1q23.3 and possibly mediators of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Detailed biological mechanisms and cooperativity of these genes requires further investigation. Citation Format: Andrew L. Hong, Markus Riester, Anna C. Schinzel, Amy Schlauch, Rosalyn M. Adam, David J. Kwiatkowski, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, William C. Hahn. ARHGAP30 and DEDD as potential genomic drivers of invasive urothelial carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3433. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3433
Vitamin A Intoxication
Authors: Robert A. Peterman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. C. N. Pease, in his article "Focal Retardation and Arrestment of Growth of Bones Due to Vitamin A intoxication" (<i>JAMA</i><b>182:</b>980 [Dec 8] 1962) speculates that hypervitaminosis A caused by ingestion of foods of high carotenoid content may cause short stature in "certain parts of the world." In this regard, may I point out that the conversion of pro-vitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A, in vivo, is very inefficient and is influenced by many factors. Extensive testing for toxicity done on pure beta carotene, the most potent and important of the pro-vitamin A carotenoids, has provided compelling proof of the lack of toxicity of this compound and of its inability to cause hypervitaminosis A. Beta carotene fed to rats at the 0.1% level in the diet through four generations did not produce any toxic manifestations.<sup>1</sup>There was no retardation of growth, and no signs
Sarcoidosis presenting with ichthyosis in a preschool Afro-Caribbean child
Authors: K. Shalders, A. Abdullah, M. Thomson, S. Rajpar, C. Ryder
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Ichthyosiform sarcoidosis is a rare cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis in children, which clinically and microscopically appears as ichthyosis vulgaris. We present a 2‐year‐old Afro‐Caribbean boy with an incidental finding of mild ichthyosis, who subsequently developed red eyes and polyarthritis associated with worsening ichthyosis. His mother had a history of uveitis, secondary to sarcoidosis. A skin biopsy was performed on the child and confirmed the diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis almost a year after initial presentation. Cutaneous sarcoidosis in childhood is rare. In preschool children the triad of arthritis, uveitis and a rash is well documented and is often associated with aggressive disease, with patients requiring long‐term immunosuppression.1 Acquired ichthyosis is uncommon and is usually considered to be a marker of underlying disorders in adults, such as malignancy, connective tissue disorders, endocrine abnormalities, nutritional deficiency, sarcoidosis or a drug‐related phenomenon.2 Ichthyosis in young children is not always primary in nature and a thorough systems enquiry, follow‐up and further investigation should be considered if there are additional features suggestive of a possible underlying cause. 1 Hunt SJ, O’Toole E, Philips W et al. A case of childhood sarcoidosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002; 27:448–50. 2 Cather JC, Cohen PR. Ichthyosiform sarcoidosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 40:862–5.
Diastolic Biomechanics in Normal Infants Utilizing MRI Tissue Tagging
Authors: Mark A. Fogel, Paul M. Weinberg, Anne Hubbard, John Haselgrove
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Most of what is known about diastolic function in normal infants is derived from flow and pressure measurements. Little is known about regional diastolic strain and wall motion.Magnetic resonance tissue tagging was performed in 11 normal infants to determine regional diastolic strain and wall motion. Tracking diastolic motion of the intersection points and finite strain analysis yielded regional rotation, radial displacement, and E(1) and E(2) strains at 3 short-axis levels (significance was defined as P<0.05). E(2) "circumferential lengthening" strains were significantly greater at the lateral wall, regardless of short-axis level, whereas E(1) "radial thinning" strains were similar in all wall regions at all short-axis levels. In general, no differences were noted in strain dispersion within a wall region or in endocardial/epicardial strain at all short-axis levels. At all short-axis levels, septal radial motion was significantly less than in other wall regions. No significant differences in radial wall motion between short-axis levels were noted. Rotation was significantly greater at the apical short-axis level in all wall regions than in other short-axis levels, and it was clockwise. At the atrioventricular valve, septal and anterior walls rotated slightly clockwise, whereas the lateral and inferior walls rotated counterclockwise.Diastolic biomechanics in infants are not homogeneous. The lateral walls are affected most by strain, and the septal walls undergo the least radial wall motion. Apical walls undergo the most rotation. These normal data may help in the understanding of diastolic dysfunction in infants with congenital heart disease.
Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling in Cancer
Authors: Brooke M. Emerling, Argun Akcakanat
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling in Cancer was held in San Francisco, California from February 24 to 27, 2011. The meeting was cochaired by Drs. Lewis C. Cantley, David M. Sabatini, and Funda Meric-Bernstam. The main focus of this event was the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway for the treatment of cancer. This article summarizes the recent discoveries in the field, with particular emphasis on the major themes of the conference.
Serial pulmonary function tests in patients with asbestosis.
Authors: M G Britton, D T Hughes, A M Wever
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Serial lung function tests were performed on 17 patients with asbestosis. A marked fall in the transfer factor often preceded any significant decline in the vital capacity. Changes in vital capacity and transfer factor did not appear to give any indication of the prognosis in these patients. Death was more commonly due to carcinoma of the lung than to the effects of the lung fibrosis.
Prevention of tetanus in the wounded.
Authors: J W Smith, D R Laurence, D G Evans
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Recommendations for the prevention of tetanus in the wounded have been revised to incorporate the use of human tetanus immunoglobulin, which is now available in the United Kingdom. Surgical toilet is of prime importance for all wounds, and is usually sufficient for tetanus prophylaxis in patients with wounds that are less than six hours old, clean, non-penetrating, and with negligible tissue damage. Human tetanus immunoglobulin should be given to patients with more serious wounds sho have had toxoid injections over 10 years earlier, had an incomplete course, or do not know their immunity status. The importance of active immunization is emphasized. The recommendations should be regarded as guidelines as the circumstances in individual cases will differ.
Postmortem radiology is useful but no substitute for necropsy
Authors: B. Swift
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<b><i></i></b> The authors report a large series of patients with Huntington disease (HD)–like phenotype without CAG repeat expansions in the <i>IT15</i> gene that were screened for the newly identified CAG/CTG expansion in the gene encoding junctophilin-3. Normal alleles in controls had from 8 to 28 repeats. A single patient of North African origin with typical HD carried an allele with 50 uninterrupted repeats, representing approximately 2% of the non-<i>IT15</i> HD patients tested. Therefore, further genetic heterogeneity is expected in HD.
Preventive therapy of tuberculosis with rifapentine in immunocompetent and nude mice.
Authors: L Chapuis, B Ji, C Truffot-Pernot, R J O'Brien, M C Raviglione, J H Grosset
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The effectiveness of intermittent administration of rifapentine (RPT), with or without isoniazid (INH), for preventive therapy of tuberculosis was evaluated in immunocompetent (normal) and nude mice. After infection with a small inoculum of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, normal mice developed a chronic and nonfatal infection, and the bacterial population became relatively stable after an initial period of limited multiplication. On the other hand, nude mice developed an acute and fatal infection, and all untreated mice died within 5 wk, with very high colony-forming-unit (CFU) counts in their organs. Various degrees of bactericidal activity were shown in normal mice after daily treatment with rifampin (RMP) plus pyrazinamide (PZA) for 13 wk, INH daily for 26 wk, or RPT once weekly for 13 or 26 wk or once fortnightly for 26 wk. The activity of RPT was significantly enhanced when INH was added at the same dosing frequency. In nude mice the response of M. tuberculosis infection to certain regimens was less favorable than that in normal mice, suggesting that preventive therapy may be less effective in severely immunodeficient hosts even during treatment. After chemotherapy was stopped, virtually all nude mice relapsed within 12 wk regardless of the regimen administered, whereas no or very few relapses were observed in normal mice that had been treated with RMP+PZA daily for 13 wk, or RPT alone or RPT+INH once weekly for 26 wk. The latter three regimens and RPT+INH once weekly for 13 wk may be applied for fixed-duration preventive therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Concept of Antigen Processing and Presentation
Authors: Emil R. Unanue
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE IMMUNE RESPONSE to protein antigens operates through lymphocytes (the T cells) that recognize products of digestion of the protein antigens. It took years of efforts by many investigators studying different aspects of immunity to reach this conclusion. The initial thinking was that the immune response was directed to antigen not altered by normal catabolism. This holds true for responses of B cells but is definitely not the case for T cells. The CD4 T cells are the essential regulatory cells that influence the function of most leukocytes. Their antigen-specific receptors recognize only protein catabolites that are bound to histocompatibility molecules. <h3>ANTIGEN PRESENTATION BY MACROPHAGES</h3> Through our initial studies on macrophage biology, consisting of a rather simple series of in vivo experiments, it became apparent that feeding protein antigens to macrophages resulted in a consistent and marked improvement in the immune response to the protein.<sup>1</sup>In other words, the lymphocytes
Cat Scratch Disease -- From Feline Affection to Human Infection
Authors: Andrew M. Margileth, Gregory F. Hayden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Although cat scratch disease was first recognized more than 60 years ago, only in the past few years has real progress been made in identifying the microbes that cause this disorder. The diagnosis of cat scratch disease has relied on several criteria: a compatible clinical picture, usually with unilateral regional lymphadenitis; a history of contact with a cat, often followed by the formation of a papule at the site of primary inoculation; the exclusion of other identifiable causes, especially mycobacterial; the presence in a lymph-node biopsy specimen of multiple microabscesses or granulomas; and a positive response to a noncommercial skin . . .