tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody to L-selectin attenuates neutrophil accumulation and protects ischemic reperfused cat myocardium.
Authors: X L Ma, A S Weyrich, D J Lefer, M Buerke, K H Albertine, T K Kishimoto, A M Lefer
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Interaction of CD11/CD18 located on neutrophil membranes with its endothelial counter-receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, plays a major role in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-mediated endothelial dysfunction and myocardial injury associated with ischemia and reperfusion. However, PMN-derived L-selectin, which is thought to play an early role in PMN rolling along the vascular endothelium, has not been studied in a setting of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the effects of a monoclonal antibody against L-selectin, DREG-200, in a feline model of myocardial ischemia (1.5 hours) and reperfusion (4.5 hours). DREG-200 (1 mg/kg) or an isotype-matched IgG1 antibody, MAb R3.1, which does not cross-react in cats, was administered as a bolus 10 minutes before reperfusion. In MAb R3.1-treated cats, myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion resulted in significant coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction, elevated cardiac myeloperoxidase activity indicative of neutrophil accumulation in the ischemic myocardium, and severe myocardial injury. In contrast, administration of DREG-200 at 1 mg/kg significantly attenuated myocardial necrosis (14 +/- 4 versus 32 +/- 3 expressed as percentage of area at risk, P &lt; .001) and attenuated coronary endothelial dysfunction (P &lt; .01) associated with ischemia/reperfusion. Moreover, myeloperoxidase activity in the ischemic myocardium was significantly lower than MAb R3.1-treated cats (0.4 +/- 0.1 versus 0.9 +/- 0.2 U/100 mg tissue, P &lt; .05). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that blocking L-selectin with DREG-200 exerts a significant cardioprotective effect in a feline model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, indicating that L-selectin plays a significant role in mediating PMN accumulation and PMN-induced endothelial and myocardial injury after ischemia and reperfusion.
How Shooting Accidents Occur
Authors: R. Farquharson
Journal: BMJ (1888)

Patients with bacterial infection may show altered membrane permeability of the primary azurophilic lysosomes of blood neutrophils. A new enzyme cytochemical technique, sensitive to increased membrane permeability caused by contact of neutrophils with acetone, saponin, low pH, Streptolysin O, bacteria, and nylon wool, has been developed. The method is of potential value as a screening test for bacterial infection and for detecting neutrophil damage during filtration leucopheresis.
1012 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE AND CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY: REPORT OF THE NATIONWIDE SURVEY
Authors: M. Taniai, E. Hashimoto, K. Tokushige, K. Kodama, T. Kogiso, N. Torii, K. Shiratori
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Expression of Ral GTPases, Their Effectors, and Activators in Human Bladder Cancer
Authors: Steven Christopher Smith, Gary Oxford, Alexander S. Baras, Charles Owens, Dmytro Havaleshko, David L. Brautigan, Martin K. Safo, Dan Theodorescu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: The Ral family of small G proteins has been implicated in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis in in vitro and animal model systems; however, a systematic evaluation of the state of activation, mutation, or expression of these GTPases has not been reported in any tumor type. Experimental Design: We determined the activation state of the RalA and RalB paralogs in 10 bladder cancer cell lines with varying Ras mutation status. We sequenced RalA and RalB cDNAs from 20 bladder cancer cell lines and functionally evaluated the mutations found. We determined the expression of Ral, Ral activators, and Ral effectors on the level of mRNA or protein in human bladder cancer cell lines and tissues. Results: We uncovered one E97Q substitution mutation of RalA in 1 of 20 cell lines tested and higher Ral activation in cells harboring mutant HRAS. We found overexpression of mRNAs for RalA and Aurora-A, a mitotic kinase that activates RalA, in bladder cancer (both P &amp;lt; 0.001), and in association with tumors of higher stage and grade. RalBP1, a canonical Ral effector, mRNA and protein was overexpressed in bladder cancer (P &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas Filamin A was underexpressed (P = 0.004). We determined that RalA mRNA levels correlated significantly with protein levels (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and found protein overexpression of both GTPases in homogenized invasive cancers. Available data sets suggest that RalA mRNA is also overexpressed in seminoma, glioblastoma, and carcinomas of the liver, pancreas, and prostate. Conclusion: These findings of activation and differential expression of RalA and RalB anchor prior work in model systems to human disease and suggest therapeutic strategies targeting both GTPases in this pathway may be beneficial.
Changing Patterns of Medical Care — Women in Medicine — A Tribute to Long Service
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

IT was an enlightening experience to participate recently as a guest speaker in a symposium arranged by the Medical Practitioners Union in which the changing pattern of medical care was discussed. The participants included not only doctors but medical students, nurses, social workers and technicians. When I had spoken to this group about the changes that have either taken place or are being proposed, both in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, to meet the rapidly changing situation, a lively discussion followed, and it was clear that the changes were not considered sufficiently radical. I had emphasized that the undergraduate curriculum . . .
Molecular genetic identification of families with juvenile nephronophthisis type 1: Rate of progression to renal failure
Authors: Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Brigitte Strahm, Hans-Gerd Nothwang, Norbert Gretz, Birgit Schnieders, Iva Singh-Sawhney, Ralf Kutt, Martin Vollmer, Matthias Brandis, None Members of the APN Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
S34 The adhesion receptor CADM1 on mast cells mediates adhesion to lung fibroblasts and smooth muscle
Authors: E. P. Moiseeva, K. Roach, M. L. Leyland, P. Bradding
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) contributes to cell–cell adhesion, viability and adhesion-induced degranulation in mast cells. We found that it is expressed as three alternatively spliced isoforms (major SP4, SP1 and minor SP6) in human lung mast cells (HLMCs). Here we investigated the role of CADM1 isoforms in the adhesion of mast cells to primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASM) and lung fibroblasts (LF). <h3>Methods</h3> Modulation of CADM1 expression was investigated in transient transfection or adenoviral delivery in the mast cell line HMC-1 and HLMCs. Cells with overexpressed CADM1 isoforms or downregulated CADM1 were examined in cell adhesion assays. <h3>Results</h3> CADM1 RNA interference in HMC-1 resulted in 60% reduction of surface CADM1 and complete loss of CADM1 determined by FACS and Western blotting, respectively, 6 days after transduction. This decrease in CADM1 expression reduced adhesion of transduced HMC-1 cells to ASM and LF by 42% and 50%, respectively. Downregulation of CADM1 in HLMCs reduced adhesion to ASM by 39%. HMC-1 cells transfected with SP1 (exon 8/9/11) and SP6 (exon 8/9/10/11) showed lower adhesion to LF compared to cells transfected with SP4 (exon 8/11). No differences in adhesion to ASM were found. When SP4 and SP1 isoforms were overexpressed up to 206% and 148% on the cell surface 6 days post transduction by viral delivery, this CADM1 overexpression did not change adhesion to ASM. However, increased levels of SP4 isoform increased mast cell adhesion to LF by 37%. Thus, CADM1 isoforms affected adhesion to LF differently. The CADM1 counter-receptors, examined by Western blotting, are nectin-3 on ASM and CADM1+nectin-3 on LF. <h3>Conclusions</h3> CADM1 contributes significantly to mast cell adhesion to ASM and LF. Mast cell adhesion to ASM is likely to be limited by the number of counter-receptors on ASM. In contrast, mast cell adhesion to LF is determined by the levels of SP4 isoform on mast cells. Increased levels of other CADM1 isoforms do not increase adhesion to LF. It is likely that increased levels of longer SP1 and SP6 isoforms in proportion to the CADM1 pool decrease mast cell adhesion to LF.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: E. Lartigau
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Early results show promise, but training and long term research are needed before wider implementation Within the framework of the UK National Cancer Action team, the "national radiotherapy implementation group" has recently published a review of the evidence on stereotactic body radiotherapy ( SBRT ) and guidelines for commissioners, providers, and clinicians in England.1 SBRT is a form of external beam radiotherapy that is based on a precise evaluation of the positioning of the tumour target in real time (stereotactic: <1 mm) and on the delivery of the dose by multiple beams (often >100 beams per fraction of treatment). It is used for selected extracranial lesions (such as those of the lung, liver, and prostate) and its precision allows high doses to be delivered in a limited number of fractions (hypofractionation: 1-10 fractions) compared with conventional radiotherapy (20-40 fractions). SBRT has been shown to be of clinical value in stage 1 lung carcinoma and in spinal tumours.2 3 The use of SBRT is rapidly growing in most academic radiotherapy departments in Europe,4 and North American and European guidelines have been published.5 6 The English guidelines comprise nine recommendations (box). #### Recommendations from the English guidelines on stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) SBRT should be:
Regional three-dimensional geometry and function of left ventricles with fibrous aneurysms. A cine-computed tomography study.
Authors: J Lessick, S Sideman, H Azhari, M Marcus, E Grenadier, R Beyar
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND To assess the extent and nature of the dysfunction surrounding aneurysms of the left ventricle (LV), we examined the parameters of local and global three-dimensional shape, size, and function of LVs of eight patients with histologically confirmed anterior fibrous aneurysms. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-dimensional reconstructions of each LV were made from 10-12 short-axis fast cine-angiographic computed tomography (cine-CT) slices encompassing the entire heart at end diastole and end systole. Regional three-dimensional wall thickness, thickening, motion, curvature, and stress index were calculated for 84 elements encompassing the entire LV. The aneurysmal border was defined by a sharp decrease in end-diastolic wall thickness and separated the LV into an aneurysmal zone and a normal zone that was further divided into adjacent normal (AN) and remote normal (RN) zones. As expected, thickening was negligible in both the aneurysmal and the border zones. Although both the AN and the RN zones had normal wall thickness (1.05 +/- 0.20 and 1.09 +/- 0.20 cm, respectively), thickening was depressed in the AN (0.22 +/- 0.08 cm) but not the RN (0.44 +/- 0.19 cm) zones. The size of the dysfunction zone (defined as less than 2 mm thickening) was found to be considerably greater than the anatomic size of the aneurysm (60.9 +/- 13.7% versus 33.6 +/- 7.6% of the left ventricular endocardial area, respectively; p less than 0.001). In addition, the AN zone had a smaller curvature and a higher stress index than the RN zone. CONCLUSIONS LVs with fibrous aneurysms are characterized by a relatively large region of nonfunction that encompasses the thin aneurysmal area and its transitional border zone, a normally functioning remote zone, and an intermediate region of normal wall thickness but with reduced function, which may be attributed to its low curvature and high stress index.
Mode of death, frequency of healed and acute myocardial infarction, number of major epicardial coronary arteries severely narrowed by atherosclerotic plaque, and heart weight in fatal atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: Analysis of 889 patients studied at necropsy
Authors: William C. Roberts, Benjamin N. Potkin, Donald E. Solus, Shanthasundari G. Reddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
The Impact of Pituitary Disease on the Family Caregiver and Overall Family Functioning
Authors: Michael Weitzner, Robert Knutzen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

Chronic medical illness not only affects the patient but the entire family. The family system undergoes a tremendous change in focus during the acute illness, with members marshaling their resources to help the ill member. This inward focus is costly, producing profound stress. Often, family communication styles change to protect the family system and prior functioning. When the stress of caring for an ill member becomes chronic, as is seen in pituitary disease, the initially adaptive changes in family functioning may become problematic even in those families with previously healthy coping. Those families with previously less healthy functioning become even more dysfunctional. Each family identifies a caregiver for their ill member. This caregiver also experiences significant stress related to caregiving demands. Caregiver adaptation to the stress depends on how the stress is perceived, as well as the caregiver's coping patterns and availability of and satisfaction with social support. These elements comprise a stress process model of caregiving, which has been well-validated in dementia caregiving research. Although the majority of research has focused on dementia and cancer caregiving, identified issues have applicability to caregiving and family issues related to pituitary disease. This report will review: (1) the field of caregiving research, focusing on a stress process model; (2) those issues identified in prior caregiving research which have applicability in caregiving for patients with pituitary disease; (3) stresses on the family system; (4) assessment of family functioning, and (5) interventions for caregivers and areas for future research.
AN EVALUATION OF THE MASSIVE DOSE THERAPY OF EARLY SYPHILIS
Authors: DAVID C. ELLIOTT
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Ehrlich first attempted to cure syphilis with massive doses of arsphenamine, but because of unsatisfactory results the use of massive arsenotherapy was replaced by multiple injection plans with the interim administration of heavy metals. These methods require uninterrupted therapy over a long period of time. In 1933 Chargin, Leifer and Hyman, using the method of slow intravenous drip, again revived the massive dose procedure. Within a period of five days these workers administered from 4 to 4.5 Gm. of neoarsphenamine. In 1938 the frequency of untoward reactions with neoarsphenamine, especially the appearance of peripheral neuritis, persuaded them to substitute an arsenoxide in preference to neoarsphenamine. In view of the degree of success indicated by the initial results reported by the New York group, it seemed advisable to extend the work in order to make further evaluation of the hazards and effectiveness of this new treatment scheme. A plan was evolved
Breast Symptoms among Women Enrolled in a Health Maintenance Organization: Frequency, Evaluation, and Outcome
Authors: Mary B. Barton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Few data exist about visits to primary care clinicians for breast symptoms in the United States. Objective: To determine how often women present with breast symptoms, how these symptoms are evaluated, and how often cancer is diagnosed. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Staff-model division of a large health maintenance organization (HMO) in New England. Patients: 2400 women who were 40 to 69 years of age as of 1 July 1983 and were continuously enrolled in the HMO until 30 June 1995. Measurements: Information on all breast-related encounters from 1 July 1983 to 30 June 1993 was abstracted. Type of symptom, clinicians' findings and recommendations, and all subsequent evaluations were recorded. Cases of cancer diagnosed subsequent to the symptom were determined. Results: Sixteen percent of the HMO population presented with a breast symptom during the 10-year period, for a rate of 22.8 presentations per 1000 person-years. Women younger than 50 years of age presented nearly twice as often as older women (P = 0.001). Women with breast symptoms had lower rates of screening than other women before presenting but higher rates of screening afterward (P < 0.001). Symptoms were evaluated beyond the initial visit in 66% of patients, and invasive procedures were performed in 27% of patients. Cancer was found in 6.2% of patients and 4.5% of episodes; rates of cancer detection varied significantly by type of symptom but not by patient age. Conclusions: Breast symptoms among women 40 to 70 years of age were common in this primary care practice. Evaluation beyond initial examinations was frequent, and invasive procedures were performed for 27% of patients. Cancer was diagnosed in more than 4% of episodes, indicating that follow-up of breast symptoms is important in primary care practices.
Counting Performance With Therapies for Heart Failure
Authors: Lynne Warner Stevenson
Journal: Circulation (2010)

P atients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction account for about half of the 6 million patients with heart failure and the $35 billion spent annually on related medical costs.Over the past 25 years, heart failure management has evolved through randomized trials of specific therapy and the extensive clinical experience accumulated at referral centers, many of which arose initially to offer comprehensive medical care for patients in parallel with cardiac transplantation, as described by Fonarow et al in 1997. 1 The recommended therapies have been the subject of extensive guidelines, from the first Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines chaired by Konstam in 1994 2 to the most recent American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines chaired by Hunt in 2005 3 and updated by Jessup et al in 2009. 4 Lessons from implementation of measures for acute myocardial infarction have translated into heart failure management, as described by O'Connor. 5Outcomes with heart failure have improved remarkably as these therapies have become widely implemented, and even disparities by race have begun to diminish, as underlined by Yancy et al 6 ; however, the remaining burdens of readmission and mortality warrant ongoing efforts to further improve care for the diverse populations with heart failure.
Give GPs more control over care planning, says Audit Scotland
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Buyers of OTC derivatives need to be concerned about both market risk from the contract’s underlying asset and credit risk of the derivatives counterparty. Taking counterparty risk into valuation leads to Credit Value Adjustment (CVA), which is now recognized as a necessary factor in the calculation of regulatory capital. Wrong way risk occurs when the counterparty’s credit quality is correlated with the value of the derivative contract, so that the counterparty’s default risk increases just when its liability under the contract goes up. Under Basel III, required capital is increased for wrong way risk. In this article, Ghamami and Goldberg question whether that treatment is appropriate. The authors show that CVA may actually be lower than independent CVA in theory, and they provide a numerical example showing that the parameter values for this to occur in practice are not unreasonable. <b>TOPICS:</b>Counterparty risk, credit risk management, financial crises and financial market history
REACTIONS FOLLOWING USE OF ISONIAZID
Authors: Raymond Hofstra
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:  —Recent widespread use of isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazid) and related drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis makes it appear advisable for us to mention our observation of an undesirable side-effect that heretofore has not been emphasized. This secondary symptom is the onset of dyspnea or increased severity of preexistent dyspnea while therapy with such antituberculous compounds is being maintained.  At this hospital, approximately 130 tuberculous patients have been treated with isoniazid since April, 1952, at a dose of 2 to 4 mg. per kilogram of body weight. In this group, 10% have noted onset of, or an increase in, respiratory distress. The majority of these patients had some exertional dyspnea that was due to pulmonary disease prior to the institution of such therapy. It is our belief, in retrospect, that isoniazid might have partially contributed to one death by precipitating respiratory failure. In another patient, preexisting dyspnea,
882 TUMOR LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATE: A PREDICTOR OF DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL AFTER RESECTION FOR HCC
Authors: E. Cariani, M. Pilli, A. Zerbini, A. Olivani, C. Rota, G. Pelosi, P. Soliani, E.M. Silini, C. Ferrari, G. Missale
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Skin Color and Ethnicity
Authors: Robert M. Doroghazi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 October 1995Skin Color and EthnicityRobert M. Doroghazi, MDRobert M. Doroghazi, MDBoone Clinic; Columbia, MO 65201Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-8-199510150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the recent article by Caldwell and Popenoe [1] and the accompanying editorial by Dr. Huth [2].Caldwell and Popenoe suggest that designations of race be dropped from medical case presentations because these terms are “superficial and potentially misleading terms that fail to serve the patient's medical needs.”The questioning of a preconceived dogma is often intellectually stimulating and can have broad, useful, and practical applications. However, I am concerned that acceptance of their suggestions would unnecessarily interject politics into medicine. Specifically, who determines when race is or is not important? Are Dr. Caldwell ...References1. Caldwell SH, Popenoe R. Perceptions and misperceptions of skin color. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:614-7. Google Scholar2. Huth EJ. Identifying ethnicity in medical papers. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:619-21. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boone Clinic; Columbia, MO 65201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1995Volume 123, Issue 8Page: 636-637KeywordsRacial and ethnic issues Issue Published: 15 October 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...