tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic Effects of Timolol
Authors: Alan N. Kohn
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the letter from Stephen A. Shaivitz, MD (242:1612, 1979), inThe Journal, titled "Timolol and Myasthenia Gravis." I was involved in some of the early clinical evaluation of timolol maleate,<sup>1</sup>and we, like most investigators at the time, found few or no side effects. However, shortly after we submitted our article, several cases of abrupt cardiac failure were reported of patients who began receiving timolol. One patient required a pacemaker. Obviously, systemic absorption takes place and can affect systemic disorders such as cardiac insufficiency and asthma. Interestingly, while timolol is a β-adrenergic blocker and lowers intraocular pressure, epinephrine, the classic β-agonist, also is used clinically to lower intraocular pressure. Furthermore, there is evidence to show that the two drugs used together have an additive effect on lowering intraocular pressure.<sup>2</sup>It is possible that the mechanisms of action of timolol are not solely as
CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF DOMESTIC QUARANTINE
Authors: HENRY BIXBY HEMENWAY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The word "quarantine" was originally used to designate the forty days of Lent. Then it was applied in the English law to the forty days after the death of her husband, during which a widow had the privilege of remaining in her husband's mansion house, and during which time her dower was to be assigned. Next we find the term employed with reference to the forty days during which a vessel might be detained without intercourse with the shore, after arrival from an infected port. After it was learned that forty days' isolation was not invariably necessary, the original signification was dropped, and the word came to refer only to the isolation of the vessel. The same idea, and the same methods, applied to protection at a land frontier; and later to the isolation of persons, or places contaminated with infectious disease. It is interesting here to note that syphilis
MEDLINE Goes Mobile
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Iraqi Health Minister Works to Reform, Restore Neglected System
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2008)

THE WAIL OF AN AMBULANCE SIREN pierces the relative quiet of a downtown Chicago hotel dining room. Iraq’s Minister of Health, Salih Al Hasnawi, MD, stops in mid-sentence until the siren passes. “It’s like Iraq,” he says, injecting ironic humor into a somber conversation. During a trip to the United States last May, Al Hasnawi stopped in Chicago to speak with a group of experts who are investigating ways to use communications technologies and telemedicine to improve access to health care in Iraq. Al Hasnawi, a psychiatrist who became health minister in October 2007, spoke with JAMA about how health professionals and civilians are coping with war and the prospects for rebuilding and reforming the country’s health system. An edited version of that conversation follows. JAMA: What are the major health care challenges that physicians of Iraq face right now? Dr Al Hasnawi: There are problems of security and chaos. There is the destruction of infrastructure and looting. The Iraqi physician fears the problem of security. Some were killed. Some of them were kidnapped. Gradually, there are improvements in security. In 2008, we report only 1 case of murdering a doctor, in Basra. And there were 2 cases of kidnapping for criminal acts, for compensation. This is a very important improvement in security. The second [problem] is economical. Iraqi physicians’ salaries, and all health professionals’, [have been] less than [in neighboring countries]. But in 2008, the prime minister is supportive to promote the status of physicians and all health professionals. We have increased the salaries of Iraqi physicians by more than 2-fold. The third challenge is how to promote clinical skills. We have training courses—one is in the United Kingdom. Also we have training with the World Health Organization (WHO). [During this trip to the United States] I talked with [Department of Health and Human Services] Secretary Michael
Metastatic Osteogenic Sarcoma Involving the Left Ventricle
Authors: JOE C. LEONARD, RONALD G. RAFTERY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Cardiac metastases occur in approximately 10% of patients who die of their malignancy. Clinical reports of both primary and secondary involvement with osteogenic sarcoma have been reported previously. While uptake of technetium-labeled, bone-seeking Pharmaceuticals by these tumors has been reported, this is the first report of gallium uptake by cardie metastasis from osteogenic sarcoma.
Hepatic Toxicity from Large Doses of Vitamin B<sub>3</sub>(Nicotinamide)
Authors: Stephen L. Winter, James L. Boyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

NICOTINAMIDE, the amide derivative of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) functions metabolically as the precursor for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). It has also been used therapeutically to treat schizophrenia, apparently without toxicity.1 2 3 However, its precursor, nicotinic acid, which is the dietary form of the vitamin, has occasionally been associated with abnormalities of liver function when used in large doses in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia (3 to 10 g per day).4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 The following case demonstrates that nicotinamide may cause major hepatic injury.Case ReportA 35-year-old graduate student was admitted in September, 1972, to the University of Chicago Hospitals with . . .
Pregnancy after Transplantation of Cryopreserved Ovarian Tissue in a Patient with Ovarian Failure after Chemotherapy
Authors: Dror Meirow, Jacob Levron, Talia Eldar-Geva, Izhar Hardan, Eduard Fridman, Yaron Zalel, Eyal Schiff, Jehoshua Dor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: Premenopausal women who undergo high-dose chemotherapy have a very high risk of ovarian failure.1 Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue with subsequent autotransplantation has effectively preserved fertility in an animal model,2 but its efficacy in humans has been uncertain. Eggs that were aspirated from cryopreserved ovarian tissue transplanted in heterotopic sites did not result in a pregnancy.3 A live birth was reported after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a woman who had undergone treatment for Hodgkin's disease; however, since the woman had ovulated before transplantation, it is uncertain whether the egg came from the native ovary or the . . .
The legal view
Authors: M A Jones
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The legal principles applicable to patients who refuse consent to medical treatment are relatively simple. The problem comes when seeking to apply the principles to particular facts. A competent adult has an absolute right to decline medical treatment (subject only to the provisions for compulsory treatment of mental disorder or illness under the Mental Health Act 1983). This right exists “notwithstanding that the reasons for making the choice are rational, irrational, unknown or even non- existent.”1 Thus, provided that the two patients were competent to consent, and hence to refuse consent, the doctors were correct to respect their decision to refuse blood transfusions, irrespective of the consequences.

In a Canadian case an accident and emergency doctor who gave blood to an unconscious Jehovah's Witness knowing that she carried a signed card indicating that she …
THREE CASES OF REFLEX NEUROSES ORIGINATING IN THE NOSE.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: NORVAL H. PIERCE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It is my intention to place the following three cases of reflex nervous phenomena before you with little or no comment. They are each striking in their way, and well worthy to be put on record. The first case was as follows: <i>Case 1</i>.—Mrs. P., a nurse, age 28; anemic and of a nervous temperament. She complained of failing sight; had difficulty in reading the clinical thermometer. For this trouble she had consulted Dr. Bettman, who referred her to me. The treatment which she received previous to the time of her consulting me will be given in Dr. Bettman's notes which follow, and for which I now take the opportunity of expressing my thanks. I found on examinatien that there was a slight congestion of the palpebrai conjunctiva, but the most striking feature was the difference in the size of the pupils, the left being dilated to twice the size
P1059 PORTAL HYPERTENSION BUT NOT HCC RISK IS ATTENUATED IN COMPENSATED CIRRHOTICS FOLLOWING 10 YEARS OF TREATMENT WITH NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOGS
Authors: F. Invernizzi, P. Lampertico, G. Mangia, M. Iavarone, M. Viganò, M. Primignani, R. De Franchis, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Utility of FEV1% as a screening tool for asthma
Authors: M.L. Dyer, M. Li, T. Kimia, L. Clement, K. Kwong, N. Maalouf, J. Hanley-Lopez, K. Feliciano, T. Morphew, F. Lison, C. Jones
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Normal Serum Free Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Patients Treated With Phenytoin or Carbamazepine
Authors: Martin I. Surks
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To address the paradox that phenytoin- and carbamazepine-treated patients have decreased serum free thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations but appear clinically euthyroid and have normal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations.In vitro studies comparing measurements of total and free T4 and T3 by ultrafiltration assay (undiluted serum) and a commercial free T4 estimate kit in control serum samples or serum samples containing added therapeutic levels of phenytoin or carbamazepine. These measurements were made in serum samples diluted 1:5 with either identical serum or phospate buffer, pH 7.4, and in serum samples from patients with seizure disorders who were treated with phenytoin or carbamazepine.A 650-bed teaching hospital.Selected patients (n=19) who were in good health except for seizure disorder, with stable anticonvulsant drug levels in the upper half of the therapeutic range, and were not taking any other drugs that could affect thyroid parameters.Serum concentrations of free T4 and free T3 in patients taking phenytoin or carbamazepine vs normal controls.Addition of phenytoin or carbamazepine to normal human serum in vitro resulted in a significant increase in free T4 fraction and free T4 (P<.001). In patients taking phenytoin or carbamazepine, serum total T4 decreased significantly to 60% and 74%, respectively, of the control serum concentration (P<.001 for both phenytoin and carbamazepine); free T4 fraction (by ultrafiltration assay) increased 65% and 44%, respectively (P<.001 for phenytoin, P<.01 for carbamazepine); and free T4 remained unchanged. Free T4 concentration measured by a commercial kit (1:5 serum dilution) was significantly lower than the control concentration in both phenytoin- and carbamazepine-treated patients. Serum free T3 and serum TSH were also normal in phenytoin- and carbamazepine-treated patients.Therapeutic levels of phenytoin and carbamazepine displace T4 and T3 from serum binding proteins. When added to serum, the drugs effect an increase in free hormone fractions and free T4 and T3. In drug-treated patients, increased free T4 and T3 fractions offset the significant decrease in serum T4 and T3, resulting in normal free T4 and free T3 concentrations. Since currently available clinical tests will continue to show decreased free T4 concentrations in patients taking phenytoin or carbamazepine, clinicians should rely on serum TSH measurements to confirm the euthyroid status of these patients.
Rigid or Flexible Choledochoscopy?
Authors: E. Eleftheriadis, A. Zissiadis, K. Kotzampassi, H. Aletras
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

This is a comparative study of two types of choledochoscopes: The Wolf rigid scope and the flexible CHF B3 Olympus scope. These were used for the exploration of 120 consecutive cases of common bile duct disease covering a 4-year period. The rigid and the flexible choledochoscopes were used in 30 and 88 cases, respectively, while in another 2 cases both scopes were used to complete the examination. We established that the Wolf scope does not provide case of handling in inexperienced hands. Its low price and durability under rough handling should not be an excuse for recommending it for beginners. On the other hand, the Olympus scope is an expensive and delicate instrument, which is much easier to handle. Both choledochoscopes can, however, equally provide good results in experienced hands.
1145-122 Prevention of atrial fibrillation in symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan: Results from CHARM
Authors: Karl Swedberg, Marc Pfeffer, Alain Cohen-Solal, Anique Ducharme, Christopher Granger, Eric Michelson, John McMurray, James Young, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Alterations in Glucose Metabolism During Menstrual Cycle in Women With IDDM
Authors: Barbara Widom, Michael P Diamond, Donald C Simonson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective — To examine the hormonal mechanisms underlying the variability in glycemic control during the different phases of the menstrual cycle in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Research Design And Methods — Hyperglycemic (11.7 ± 0.1 mM), hyperinsulinemic (24 ± 3 mU/L) clamp studies were performed in 16 women with IDDM during the follicular (day 8 ± 1) and luteal (day 23 ± 1) phases of the menstrual cycle. Seven of the patients (group 1) experienced worsening glucose control during the luteal phase, whereas nine patients (group 2) did not. Results — In group 1, glucose metabolism fell from 30.2 ± 3.8 μmol·kg−1·min−1 during the follicular phase to 24.5 ± 2.0 μmol·kg−1·min−1 during the luteal phase (P = 0.09), whereas in group 2 it increased from 18.5 ± 1.2 to 23.2 ± 2.3 μmol·kg−1·min−1 (P = 0.03). The decrease in glucose metabolism during the luteal phase in patients in group 1 was associated with a significant rise in the serum estradiol levels from the follicular to luteal phase (164 ± 39 vs. 352 ± 59 pM, P = 0.006), whereas this rise was not observed in group 2 (334 ± 156 vs. 423 ± 74 pM, NS). Changes in other reproductive hormones (progesterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, luteinizing hormone, follicular-stimulating hormone, or prolactin) were not related to the differences in glucose uptake in the two groups. Conclusions — 1) Marked heterogeneity in glucose metabolism is seen throughout the menstrual cycle in women with IDDM, 2) a subgroup of patients exhibits worsening premenstrual hyperglycemia and a decline in insulin sensitivity during the luteal phase, and 3) the deterioration in glucose uptake in this subgroup was associated with a greater increment in estradiol levels from the follicular to the luteal phase.
Military Medicine Takes Late Gulf War Hits; Aeromedical Evacuation Improves as Result
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

WHEN US MILITARY medical people are caring for a patient who is far from home, the patient's loved ones are trying, at least figuratively, to look over the caregivers' shoulders. In such circumstances, the military and the patient's family share three immediate concerns: his or her condition, present whereabouts, and eventual destination. Many of the same concerns are raised in the latest General Accounting Office (GAO) study of US military medical efforts during the Gulf War. Fortunately, there were far fewer US casualties than predicted (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:619-621), and many questions raised in the GAO's report long since have been addressed.
Recent decisions on unnecessary surgery
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aplastic Anemia Rescued by Exhaustion of Cytokine-secreting CD8+ T Cells in Persistent Infection with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Authors: Daniel Binder, Maries F. van den Broek, David Kägi, Horst Bluethmann, Jörg Fehr, Hans Hengartner, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Aplastic anemia may be associated with persistent viral infections that result from failure of the immune system to control virus. To evaluate the effects on hematopoiesis exerted by sustained viral replication in the presence of activated T cells, blood values and bone marrow (BM) function were analyzed in chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in perforin-deficient (P0/0) mice. These mice exhibit a vigorous T cell response, but are unable to eliminate the virus. Within 14 d after infection, a progressive pancytopenia developed that eventually was lethal due to agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia correlating with an increasing loss of morphologically differentiated, pluripotent, and committed progenitors in the BM. This hematopoietic disease caused by a noncytopathic chronic virus infection was prevented by depletion of CD8+, but not of CD4+, T cells and accelerated by increasing the frequency of LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells in T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (tg) mice. LCMV and CD8+ T cells were found only transiently in the BM of infected wild-type mice. In contrast, increased numbers of CD8+ T cells and LCMV persisted at high levels in antigen-presenting cells of infected P0/0 and P0/0 × TCR tg mice. No cognate interaction between the TCR and hematopoietic progenitors presenting either LCMV-derived or self-antigens on the major histocompatibility complex was found, but damage to hematopoiesis was due to excessive secretion and action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/lymphotoxin (LT)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ produced by CD8+ T cells. This was studied in double-knockout mice that were genetically deficient in perforin and TNF receptor type 1. Compared with P0/0 mice, these mice had identical T cell compartments and T cell responses to LCMV, yet they survived LCMV infection and became life-long virus carriers. The numbers of hematopoietic precursors in the BM were increased compared with P0/0 mice after LCMV infection, although transient blood disease was still noticed. This residual disease activity was found to depend on IFN-γ–producing LCMV-specific T cells and the time point of hematopoietic recovery paralleled disappearance of these virus-specific, IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells. Thus, in the absence of IFN-γ and/or TNF/LT-α, exhaustion of virus-specific T cells was not hampered.
Penicillin allergy in rheumatoid arthritis. With special reference to Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: B O Williams, R A St Onge, A Young, G Nuki, W C Dick, K Whaley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

An increased prevalence of penicillin allergy has been noted in certain connective tissue disorders, in particular polyarteritis nodosa (Rose and Spencer, 1957) and systemic lupus erythematosus (Harvey, Shulman, Tumulty, Conley, and Schonerich, 1954).There is, to our knowledge, no reported study of the prevalence of penicillin allergy in rheumatoid arth- ritis, although an increased prevalence has been observed in patients with Sj0gren's syndrome, in- cluding those individuals with co-existing rheuma- toid arthritis (Bloch, Buchanan, Wohl, and Bunim, 1965).In this paper we have studied the prevalence of penicillin allergy in patients with rheumatoid arth- ritis, in particular to ascertain whether penicillin allergy was related to Sj0gren's syndrome complicating rheumatoid arthritis or to rheumatoid arthritis per se.Materials and Methods 298 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1958), who had had previous penicillin therapy, were questioned regarding related allergic phenomena. 161 (53per cent.) of these patients had a positive sheep cell agglutination test and all exhibited articular erosions on radiological examination of the joints.In addition to the age and sex of the patient, subcutaneous nodule formation and salivary gland enlargement (Bloch and others, 1965) were recorded.All of the patients were carefully examined for evidence of Sj0gren's syndrome (Bloch and others, 1965).Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.-Anophthalmological ex- amination for keratoconjunctivitis sicca was performed
Early gastric cancer: 46 cases treated in one surgical department.
Authors: H M Sue-Ling, I Martin, J Griffith, D C Ward, P Quirke, M F Dixon, A T Axon, M J McMahon, D Johnston
Journal: Gut (1992)

Forty six consecutive patients with early gastric cancer were treated between 1970 and 1990. The proportion of cases of early gastric cancer increased significantly (p &lt; 0.01) from 1% of all cases in the first five year period to 15% in the last five year period, because of greater awareness of the condition and more widespread use of endoscopy. There were 33 men and 13 women, of median age 69 years (range 38-86). Most patients (91%) presented with symptoms indistinguishable from those of peptic ulceration. The median duration of symptoms was four months (range 0.1-36 months). All 46 patients were treated surgically. Three patients (6.5%) died after operation and a further 10 (22%) suffered postoperative complications. None of the surviving patients has been lost to follow up and 25 have been followed up for a minimum period of five years. Five year survival by life table analysis was 98%. These findings suggest that in Britain in the 1990s, as in Japan, it may be possible to diagnose an increasing proportion of patients with gastric cancer at a relatively early pathological stage, when most patients can be cured by radical surgical resection with lymphadenectomy.