tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 survival kinetics in peritoneal dialysis effluent
Authors: Homayoon Farzadegan, David Ford, Michele Malan, Beth Masters, Paul J. Scheel
Journal: Kidney International (1996)

Viable and potentially infectious HIV-1 has been recovered from the peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). No information had previously been available as to how long HIV-1 could survive in this environment, and no data were available as to how long HIV-1 could survive on peritoneal dialysis exchange tubing (PDET). Therefore, this study was designed to answer these questions. HIV-1 Mn was added to PDE and allowed to incubate at room temperature for 0 to 14 days. Following centrifugation, the cellular component of the PDE mixture was placed in co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV negative donors. Aliquots from the co-cultures were removed after 14 days and assayed for the HIV-1-P24 antigen. High levels of HIV P24 antigen were recovered up to and including seven days of room temperature incubation. HIV could not be recovered from PDE that had been incubated at room temperature for 10 to 14 days. Ten milliters of HIV-PDE mixture was placed within PDET and incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. The solution was then removed by gravity drainage. After drying times of 0 to 168 hours, the tubing was flushed with HIV culture medium and placed in co-culture with PBMCs from HIV negative donors. The culture supernatant was assayed for the HIV-1 P24 antigen as a marker of viral replication. High levels of HIV-1 P24 antigen were recovered from the PDET wash for up to and including 48 hours of drying time. No viable virus could be detected for drying times of between 72 and 168 hours. To determine if common disinfectants found in the dialysis unit could inactivate HIV, dilutions of Amukin 50% and household bleach were prepared at final concentrations ranging from 1:32 to 1:2048. These disinfectant solutions were incubated with PDE containing HIV for 10 minutes. The cellular fraction of the PDE was isolated by centrifugation, washed, and placed in co-cultures with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. HIV P24 antigen levels were assayed every three days for 28 days. Amukin 50% and a 10% household bleach solution were effective in killing HIV in PDE at dilutions up to and including 1:512. These results indicate that HIV can survive in PDE at room temperature for up to seven days. HIV can survive on peritoneal dialysis exchange tubing for up to 48 hours. Final dilutions of 1:512 Amukin 50% and 10% household bleach, after 10 minutes of exposure, are effective viricidal agents in disinfecting PDE.
Specific antibodies and renal transplantation.
Authors: W. J. Dempster
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDBRITCLSH 51 certificate and accepts a fee from his N.H.S. patient may also be challenged.'Lastly, I fail to understand Dr. Hughes's analogy between abortion for inconvenient pregnancies and operations for acute appendi- citis.Even a psychiatrist like myself knows that the latter is a serious risk to life or health while the former very, very rarely causes material disability.
Intervertebral Disk Lesions
Authors: G. O. Tippett
Journal: BMJ (1948)

Disk Lesions and Osteopathy SIR,-Dr.G. Macdonald's partisan letter (April 3, p. 663) really cannot be allowed to stand unchallenged.A. T. Still (the founder of osteopathy) postulated that all diseases arose from pressure on arteries and nerves as the result of vertebral dis- placements.If medical research has led to the recognition of spinal disk protrusion, and if this is now claimed as the "vindication of osteopathy, it must prove the opposite of Dr.Macdonald's contention.Surely it shows that the whole of osteopathic doctrine, except in that small particular, is false.-Iam, etc., London, W.1.
Familial Biliary Tract Carcinoma
Authors: Malcolm J. Sperling
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> This letter documents the familial occurrence of biliary tract carcinoma in two Choctaw Indian brothers, both of whom were treated during my twoyear tour of duty at the US Public Health Service Indian Hospital, Talihina, Okla. I performed an exploratory operation on the first brother on Jan 14, 1963, because of obstructive jaundice. Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla was found, but, because adequate supplies of blood, surgical assistance, and pathological consultation were unavailable, only simple T-tube drainage of the common duct was performed. Wound infection delayed pancreaticoduodenectomy until March 8, 1963. Complete recovery followed a postoperative course complicated by pancreatic and small-bowel fistulas. I operated on the second brother on Nov 29, 1963, after he experienced an episode of obstructive jaundice. Adenocarcinoma of the distal common duct was found and T-tube drainage of the common duct was performed. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was carried out on Dec 13, 1963, with minimal
Specific Recognition of Protein Carboxy-Terminal Sequences by Natural IgM Antibodies in Normal Serum
Authors: Alex V. Sokoloff, Ildiko Bock, Guofeng Zhang, Sara Hoffman, James Dama, James J. Ludtke, Anne M. Cooke, Jon A. Wolff
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Our previous study indicated that normal serum contains complement-fixing natural IgM antibodies reacting with a large variety of randomly generated protein carboxy-termini. Here we show that the "carboxy-terminal" IgM (C-IgM) antibodies specifically react with short peptide sequences located immediately at the protein carboxy-terminus. The specificity of C-IgM-peptide interactions is tentatively defined by three to four amino acid residues. All carboxy-terminal peptides in a large peptide library apparently react with C-IgM antibodies. Immobilized synthetic peptides also react with C-IgM antibodies. No interaction of C-IgM antibodies with internal peptide sequences has been observed. C-IgM antibodies are present in germ-free and in athymic adult rats and are absent in newborn rats. The natural ubiquity of protein carboxy-termini in biological structures suggests that C-IgM could play an important role in antigen clearance and presentation to the immune system. From a practical viewpoint, the recognition of carboxy-terminal peptides by complement-fixing C-IgM antibodies has profound implications for the use of peptide- and protein-derivatized delivery vehicles and artificial materials.
Keratinocytes in the depigmented epidermis of vitiligo are more vulnerable to trauma (suction) than keratinocytes in the normally pigmented epidermis, resulting in their apoptosis
Authors: A-Y. Lee, Y-H. Youm, N-H. Kim, H. Yang, W-I. Choi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Vitiligo may develop following minor physical trauma. However, in autologous epidermal grafting, depigmentation of the donor (normally pigmented) site from a suction blister is rare, even in cases displaying failure of repigmentation at the recipient (depigmented) site.To examine whether the suction procedure is more likely to damage keratinocytes in the depigmented than in the normally pigmented epidermis of vitiligo, and to determine what kind of damage occurs to the keratinocytes.Paired roofs of suction blisters from five patients with generalized vitiligo, five with localized and seven with segmental type, were used for the study. Multiple new lesions developed in two of the five patients with the generalized type. Apoptosis of keratinocytes in the epidermis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-digoxigenin nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining, with immunohistochemistry for Bax and active caspase 3. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, FLIP and p53, activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9, and cleavage of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the epidermis were analysed by Western blotting in four patients with each type.Apoptotic keratinocytes, which stained with TUNEL and anti-Bax and antiactive caspase 3 antibodies, were scattered in the blistered epidermis, mainly in the lower portions. The depigmented epidermis displayed significantly more apoptotic keratinocytes than the normally pigmented epidermis. The numerical difference between the paired epidermides was related to the disease activity and not to the type of lesions. The number of apoptotic keratinocytes in the normally pigmented epidermis was as high as that in the depigmented epidermis in the two patients with active generalized type vitiligo. Expression of Bax and p53 in the depigmented epidermis was higher than in the normally pigmented epidermis, whereas expression of FLIP was lower. In addition, the activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9, and cleavage of PARP, were increased in the depigmented compared with the normally pigmented epidermis. The degree of difference in expression and activation was parallel to the results of the TUNEL assay.The keratinocytes in the depigmented compared with the normally pigmented epidermis of vitiligo may become apoptotic more easily after suction.
Pemphigoid nodularis: a report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: S. CLIFF, C.A. HOLDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Many variants of bullous pemphigoid have been reported, some of which are clinically very atypical. One of the rarest variants is pemphigoid nodularis. We report three patients with this distinct entity. In all three cases patients initially presented with prurigo-like lesions and in one case nodular lesions preceded the onset of blistering by many months. Direct immunofluorescence was positive in all cases, with linear basement membrane zone deposition of IgG and C3. Circulating IgG antibasement membrane antibody was detected in two cases, and in these two patients on salt-split immuno-fluorescence the antibodies bound to the roof of the bullae.
A Hamartoma of the Colon with Unusual Features
Authors: E. Davis, C. Chow, K. Miyai
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

An unusual case of colonic hamartoma in a 67-year-old man is reported. Colonoscopy polyp surveillance revealed a polypoid lesion of the sigmoid colon which had the characteristics of a hamartoma on microscopic examination. The lesion, which was classified as a colonic hamartoma, is described. Review of the literature revealed no previous report of such a colonic poylp.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ACTIVE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION WITH RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2
Authors: Keisei Kawa-Ha, Elia Franco, Satoru Doi, Keiko Yumura, Shigehiko Ishihara, Akio Tawa, Hyakuji Yabuuchi
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
The Breuer-Hering reflex in humans. Effects of pulmonary denervation and hypocapnia.
Authors: C Iber, P Simon, J B Skatrud, M W Mahowald, J A Dempsey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Passive lung inflation in humans causes reflex expiratory prolongation that is abolished by vagal blockade. We have studied two aspects of this classic Breuer-Hering reflex in humans: the effect of pulmonary denervation from bilateral lung transplantation, and the effect of alveolar hypocapnia. Lung inflations were performed in six normal subjects and four lung transplant patients during triazolam-induced sleep using a negative pressure body box. Lung inflation with isocapnic gas in normal subjects resulted in expiratory prolongation lasting up to 60 s and occurring at a volume threshold of 40 to 60% of inspiratory capacity (1.1 to 1.7 L). Expiratory prolongation increased in a graded fashion as volume of lung inflation increased. Inhibition of inspiration at any given inflation volume was prolonged by inflations with air as compared with inflations with isocapnic gas. In lung transplant patients lung inflations of up to 2 L caused no prolongation of expiration. We conclude that bilateral lung transplantation abolished expression of the reflex in humans, and that in normal intact humans the duration of expiratory prolongation with lung inflation is prolonged by alveolar hypocapnia.
Pathogenetic relevance of HLA class II expressing thyroid follicular cells in nontoxic Goiter and in Graves' disease.
Authors: B Grubeck-Loebenstein, M Londei, C Greenall, K Pirich, H Kassal, W Waldhäusl, M Feldmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

HLA class II expressing thyroid follicular cells are found not only in classical thyroid autoimmune diseases, such as Graves' disease, but also in presumably nonautoimmune thyroid disorders such as nontoxic goiter. In this study the immunostimulatory function of the HLA class II expressing thyroid follicular cells derived from patients with nontoxic goiter and with Graves' disease was compared by assessing their capacity to stimulate allogeneic and autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as cultured intrathyriodal T lymphocytes. Proliferation of allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells was stimulated by thyroid follicular cells from both nontoxic goiter and Graves' disease thyroids, thus demonstrating that thyroid follicular cells from both disorders are capable of presenting alloantigens. In contrast the proliferation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells was more efficiently stimulated by thyroid follicular cells from Graves' disease than from nontoxic goiter. Cultured intrathyroidal T lymphocytes proliferated specifically in response to autologous HLA class II+ thyroid follicular cells in Graves' disease, but not in nontoxic goiter. The responses were dose dependent and HLA class II restricted. Thyroid autoantigen presentation by HLA class II expressing thyroid follicular cells thus only occurs in Graves' disease, suggesting that HLA class II expression on thyroid follicular cells is an essential feature, but by itself not sufficient for the induction of autoimmunity. Additional factors, the possible nature of which is discussed must also be involved.
The Age Threshold for Isoniazid Chemotherapy
Authors: George W. Cobb
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rose et al<sup>1</sup>present a decision analysis for isoniazid chemoprophylaxis that, as a statistician, I find sound. As a patient, however, I choose to decline isoniazid therapy, despite the authors' apparent recommendation to the contrary. Nevertheless, their analysis has played a crucial role in my decision. Life expectancy: The authors' "best-estimate" analysis shows that a converter of my age (40 years) who chooses isoniazid therapy increases his life expectancy by six days. Had the increase been a matter of years, I would choose isoniazid, but an increase of six days does not persuade me. Instead, the analysis helps because it tells me to look for individual circumstances that matter more than population averages and to consider other measures of risk. Discount rate: This rate measures my reluctance to trade a higher chance of death this year, from hepatitis, for a lower chance of dying
Spinal Anesthesia With The Patient Supine
Authors: Benjamin Root
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the article on "Spinal Anesthesia for Hip Pinning Given With the Patient Supine" by Alon P. Winnie, MD (<b>207</b>:1663, 1969), I am impressed by the ingenuity of the technique of administering a spinal anesthesia from under the operating room table through the opening in the fracture table and am willing to accept that the incidence of hypotension due to spinal anesthesia is reduced by avoiding moving the patient after administration of the anesthesia. However, I strongly disagree with the statement that "this simple change in technique has been shown to reduce... the mortality by more than one half." The author has not demonstrated, to my satisfaction, either that hypotension after spinal anesthesia is likely to be related to the subsequent mortality in hip surgery for the elderly patient, or that, as he states, "The two groups of patients studied were similar in every respect" except
B7-03: Prediction of major NSCLC tumor classes and clinical outcome by functional genomics of small bronchoscopic tumor biopsies
Authors: Florent Baty, Martin Buess, Sergio Kaiser, Michaël Facompré, Lukas Bubendorf, Martin Schumacher, Wolfgang Budach, Jeanne Kehren, Martin Brutsche
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
New insights from the British doctors study
Authors: Meir Stampfer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Risks for persistent smoking are substantially larger than previously suspected 

The cause of the sharp increase in lung cancer rates that began early in the last century was not well established until Richard Doll and colleagues presented the initial findings from the British doctors study exactly 50 years ago.1 That paper and the updates that followed provided irrefutable evidence showing the extraordinarily adverse health consequences of cigarette smoking. The current report represents far more than a celebratory milestone in public health.2

With the extended follow up of the British doctors cohort, this new report provides critical new information and convincingly shows that the risks for persistent cigarette smoking are actually substantially larger than had previously been suspected. Indeed, this study shows that about half to two thirds of all persistent cigarette smokers will eventually be killed by their habit. This study shows that with successive age cohorts, reflecting earlier ages at initiation, the death …
Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome Predicts Adulthood Metabolic Syndrome, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but Is No Better Than Body Mass Index Alone
Authors: Costan G. Magnussen, Juha Koskinen, Wei Chen, Russell Thomson, Michael D. Schmidt, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Mika Kivimäki, Noora Mattsson, Mika Kähönen, Tomi Laitinen, Leena Taittonen, Tapani Rönnemaa, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Gerald S. Berenson, Markus Juonala, Olli T. Raitakari
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— The clinical utility of identifying pediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS) is controversial. This study sought to determine the status of pediatric MetS as a risk factor for adult subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT]) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare and contrast this prediction with its individual components. Methods and Results— Using data from the population-based, prospective, observational Bogalusa Heart and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns studies, we examined the utility of 4 categorical definitions of youth MetS and their components in predicting adult high cIMT and T2DM among 1781 participants aged 9 to 18 years at baseline (1984 to 1988) who were then examined 14 to 27 years later (2001–2007) when aged 24 to 41 years. Youth with MetS were at 2 to 3 times the risk of having high cIMT and T2DM as adults compared with those free of MetS at youth. Risk estimates with the use of high body mass index were similar to those of MetS phenotypes in predicting adult outcomes. Comparisons of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and net reclassification index suggested that prediction of adult MetS, high cIMT, and T2DM in adulthood with the use of youth MetS was either equivalent or inferior to classification based on high body mass index or overweight and obesity. Conclusions— Youth with MetS are at increased risk of meaningful adult outcomes; however, the simplicity of screening for high BMI or overweight and obesity in the pediatric setting offers a simpler, equally accurate alternative to identifying youth at risk of developing adult MetS, high cIMT, or T2DM.
155. Oral Delivery of Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses Expressing Adjuvanted Islet Autoantigens Protects NOD Mice from Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: William H.R. Langridge, Bela Denes, Nadia Fodor, Valentina Krausova, Tatyana Timiryasova, David Henderson, John Hough, Jie Yu, Istvan Fodor
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Role of nitric oxide in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat
Authors: Carol R. Gardner, Diane E. Heck, Chung S. Yang, Paul E. Thomas, Xu-Jie Zhang, George L. DeGeorge, Jeffrey D. Laskin, Debra L. Laskin
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis at toxic doses. Although this may be due to a direct interaction of reactive acetaminophen metabolites with hepatocyte proteins, recent studies have suggested that cytotoxic mediators produced by parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells also contribute to the pathophysiological process. Nitric oxide is a highly reactive oxidant produced in the liver in response to inflammatory mediators. In the present studies we evaluated the role of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Treatment of male Long Evans Hooded rats with acetaminophen (1 g/kg) resulted in damage to centrilobular regions of the liver and increases in serum transaminase levels, which were evident within 6 hours of treatment of the animals and reached a maximum at 24 hours. This was correlated with expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein in these regions. Hepatocytes isolated from both control and acetaminophen-treated rats were found to readily synthesize nitric oxide in response to inflammatory stimuli. Cells isolated from acetaminophen-treated rats produced more nitric oxide than cells from control animals. Production of nitric oxide by cells from both control and acetaminophen-treated rats was blocked by aminoguanidine, a relatively specific inhibitor of iNOS. Arginine uptake and metabolism studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of aminoguanidine were due predominantly to inhibition of iNOS enzyme activity. Pretreatment of rats with aminoguanidine was found to prevent acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis and increases in serum transaminase levels. This was associated with reduced nitric oxide production by hepatocytes. Inhibition of toxicity was not due to alterations in acetaminophen metabolism since aminoguanidine had no effect on hepatocyte cytochrome P4502E1 protein expression or N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine formation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that nitric oxide is an important mediator of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
The attenuation of experimental lung metastasis by a bile acid acylated-heparin derivative
Authors: Kyeongsoon Park, Seok Ki Lee, Dai Hyun Son, Soo Ah Park, Kwangmeyung Kim, Hyo Won Chang, Eun-jeong Jeong, Rang-Woon Park, In-San Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Youngro Byun, Sang Yoon Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
540 THE ADENOVIRAL VECTOR ADSENSOR-P53T PROVIDES A HIGHLY SELECTIVE TOOL FOR ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY OF TUMORS WITH ACTIVATED TELOMERASE AND ABERRATIONS IN P53-TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: E. Guerlevik, P. Schache, N. Struever, M.P. Manns, S. Kubicka, F. Kuehnel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Cluster of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Infections in Adults
Authors: Perry F. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Haemophilus influenzae type b commonly causes illness in young children, among whom transmission is known to occur. Most adults are believed to be immune to H influenzae type b and outbreaks of disease among adults appear to be uncommon. From July 14 to Aug 12, 1985, a cluster of six cases of acute febrile illness with cultures positive for H influenzae, biotype II (five cases) or untyped H influenzae (one case), occurred among adults in a nursing home and an adjoining hospital. All six case-patients had personal contact with at least one other case-patient. Among the 46 nursing home residents, men were more likely than women to become ill (44% vs 0%). This cluster of disease suggests that elderly adults may be more susceptible to H influenzae infection than is generally recognized and that outbreaks among adults may result from person-to-person transmission.