tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation by calcium of arachidonic acid metabolism in the isolated perfused rabbit heart.
Authors: M T Weis, K U Malik
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors with isoproterenol fails to stimulate prostaglandin synthesis in the isolated rabbit heart perfused with Ca2+-free Krebs-Henseleit buffer. This lack of response could be due to reduced isoproterenol-stimulated liberation of arachidonic acid, reduced cyclooxygenase activity during Ca2+-free perfusion, or both. To test these hypotheses, we have examined the effect of isoproterenol and exogenous arachidonic acid on prostaglandin output in hearts perfused with Ca2+-containing and nominally Ca2+-free Krebs-Henseleit buffer. In hearts prelabelled with [3H]arachidonic acid and perfused with nominally Ca2+-free buffer, the release of radioactivity following isoproterenol was about 90% less than when Ca2+ was included in the perfusion buffer. When exogenous arachidonic acid was administered to hearts perfused with Ca2+-depleted buffer, the output of both 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 was about threefold greater than when Ca2+ was present in the perfusion medium. In the absence of Ca2+, the dose response curve for arachidonic acid-induced 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha synthesis underwent a parallel shift to the left, with no change in maximal synthesis levels, and a tenfold reduction in the ED50 of arachidonic acid. The cyclooxygenase activities of cell-free homogenates prepared from hearts perfused with and without Ca2+ were not different from each other and were both insensitive to added Ca2+. Reduction of the Na+ concentration of the perfusion medium to 35 mM resulted in increases in arachidonic acid-induced 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha less than those obtained during Ca2+-free perfusion, but greater than that observed during perfusion with normal Na+ (139 mM) and Ca2+ (2.5 mM). Arachidonic acid induced 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha output was inversely correlated with tissue Ca2+ but not Na+ content. These data suggest that in the absence of perfusate Ca2+, the availability of exogenous arachidonic acid to cyclooxygenase is increased, possibly by reduced incorporation into tissue phospholipids.
Ovarian Cancer: Part I
Authors: H. R. K. Barber
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1979)

Early diagnosis is the most effective means of reducing the currently high mortality rate associated with ovarian cancer. The palpation of what appears to be a normal size ovary in a premenopausal woman suggests an ovarian tumor in a postmenopausal woman. Also, rule out ovarian cancer in any 40-year or older woman who presents with persistent, unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms. Ninety percent of all ovarian tumors are of epithelial origin. Treatment consists of total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy and appendectomy. P32 instillation is optional. In Stages IIb, III and IV chemotherapy is advised, while in Stages I and IIa the use of prophylactic chemotherapy must be judged on an individual basis. Ovarian cancer in children that is beyond the localized stage is one of the most frustrating of all gynecologic diseases. Total surgical extirpation of localized disease is the only hope for cure and, as yet, early diagnosis is more chance than scientific method.
Plasma catecholamine concentrations are a reliable index of sympathetic vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Alain Braillon, Christophe Gaudin, Jorge L. Poo, Richard Moreau, Bertrand Debaene, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

In patients with cirrhosis, the significance of elevated plasma catecholamine concentrations is unclear. Thus we investigated the relationship between plasma catecholamine concentrations and the hemodynamic effect of pindolol (an index of sympathetic vascular tone) in 10 patients with cirrhosis. Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics and plasma catecholamine concentrations in the pulmonary artery and the splanchnic veins (hepatic and azygos veins) were studied before and after the oral administration of pindolol (20 mg). In basal conditions patients exhibited a hyperkinetic circulatory syndrome and elevated plasma catecholamine concentrations. Alterations in basal hemodynamics were correlated with plasma epinephrine concentrations but not with norepinephrine. Pindolol administration significantly decreased heart rate and increased right atrial pressure. After pindolol administration, individual hemodynamic changes (cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, wedged hepatic venous pressure) were significantly correlated with plasma catecholamine concentrations. In conclusion, this study shows that in cirrhotic patients epinephrine may play a role in hemodynamic alterations, and plasma catecholamine concentrations are an index of sympathetic vascular tone.
The Effects of Pneumoperitoneum on Lung Function in Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: M. R. Becklake, H. I. Goldman, M. MgGregor
Journal: Thorax (1954)

The treatment of chronic hypertrophic emphy- sema by pneumoperitoneum has received much favourable comment in recent medical literature.In several reports on small series of cases it is claimed that this manceuvre will increase vital capacity (Brackenridge and Jones, 1953; Furman and Callaway, 1950; Gaensler and Carter, 1950; Zak and Southwell, 1953),maximum breathing cap- acity (Gaensler and Carter, 1950; Kory, Roehm, Meneely, and Goodwin, 1953), and intrapulmonary mixing efficiency (Gaensler and Carter, 1950), re- duce residual volume (Gaensler and Carter, 1950; Kory and others, 1953; Zak and Southwell, 1953), and in some cases improve the ability to main- tain a normal arterial oxygen saturation on effort (Furman and Callaway, 1950; Gaensler and Carter, 1950).Furthermore, in 30 out of the 43 cases reported in the literature clinical impro-vement has closely paralleled improvement in the tests of lung function.This paper is a report of the effects of pneumo- peritoneum on lung function tests in 11 emphysematous subjects.
Accidental Surgical Division of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh
Authors: K. Hingorani
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Case 3.-On 8 April 1962 a man aged 45 fractured the lower third of the left tibia.The fracture was reduced and put into a standard above-knee plaster which was changed on 11 April with remanipulation of the fracture under a general anaesthetic.On 23 April the procedure was repeated as the fracture had slipped.
STATE MEDICINE; ITS RELATION TO PATENT MEDICINE.Read in the Section on State Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: SAMUEL P. DUFFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1894)

At the request of your esteemed President, Dr. Geo. W. Stoner, I have prepared a few notes for your meeting, on which I hope your honorable body will not only take action, but also bring the matter before the appropriate committee of the general body of theAssociationin such a way that a remonstrance may be forwarded to the Attorney-General of the United States, asking him to rule in the matter and take such steps as will best put a stop to the dangerous and fatal methods of dispensing medicines through the mails or otherwise. I will, therefore, without any preamble and as briefly as possible, detail the cases which have called forth this paper, and without any appeals or moralizing leave the matter in your hands, feeling sure such a statement of facts will be well weighed and acted upon by your honorable body. On Sept. 1, 1892,
Risk factors for intubation as a guide for noninvasive ventilation in patients with severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: Josep Masip, Joaquim P�ez, Montserrat Merino, Sandra Parejo, Francisco Vecilla, Clara Riera, Araceli R�os, Joan Sabater, Josep Ball�s, J. Padr�
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
TCT-141 The Randomized Physiologic Assessment of Thrombus Aspiration in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST-segment Elevation Trial
Authors: Dejan Orlic, Miodrag C. Ostojic, Milica Labudovic, Branko Beleslin, Dejan Milasinovic, Milorad Tesic, Dragana Sobic-Saranovic, Milorad Zivkovic, Vladimir Dedovic, Vladan Vukcevic, Sinisa Stojkovic, Milan Nedeljkovic, Goran Stankovic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Dapsone-Induced Hemolysis in G6PD Deficiency
Authors: David Chernof
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Profound hemolytic anemia developed in three glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient males while they were receiving 25 mg of dapsone (diaphenylsulfone) daily as prophylaxis for falciparum malaria. This suggests that, in some susceptible individuals, the hemolytic threshold for dapsone is lower than the 50 mg daily previously reported. Either individual variation in the degree of erythrocyte G6PD deficiency or concurrent administration of other potentially hemolytic drugs or both may account for this fact.
Unravelling the secrets of ageing
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Susan Mayor reports on research into the role of telomeres in disease and ageing 

Evidence is growing that every chromosome in the body carries a marker that counts down from the day of birth to death, rather like a cellular sand clock. These biological timers are telomeres—repeat sequences of DNA that, together with associated proteins, cap the ends of chromosomes and protect them from degradation, just as the plastic coating on the ends of shoelaces stops them from fraying.

Research has shown that telomeres shorten with each cell division, gradually marking off the time to cell death.1 This shortening is accelerated in diseases associated with ageing—particularly cardiovascular disease and cancers—and in the presence of risk factors for these diseases such as obesity and high blood pressure. The hope for the future is that measurements of telomere length could be used to detect early disease, allowing preventive measures to be put in place, and eventually that methods will be found to slow or even reverse the shortening.

#### Key terms

Telomeres are made up of a large number of tandem repeats of the sequence TTAGGG. The enzyme DNA polymerase cannot fully replicate the 3′ end of linear DNA, so telomeres shorten progressively with each repeated cell division. Laboratory studies have shown that the telomere length of replicating cells is inversely correlated with age.

More than 30 years ago, Olovnikov proposed that this shortening could provide a mechanism for a biological clock that determines cell behaviour.2 This theory—sometimes …
Clinicopathological features of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seropositive for lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) and seronegative for des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in comparison with those seropositive for DCP alone
Authors: Toshimi Nakanishi, Akiko Saito, Naoaki Hayashi, Masakazu Yamamoto, Ken Takasaki, Masayuki Nakano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
PULMONARY ABSCESS AND PULMONARY GANGRENE
Authors: S. KLINE
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Pulmonary abscess and pulmonary gangrene are separate entities. In spite of distinguishing characteristics they are, however, almost universally considered and treated as one disease.  Pulmonary abscess is caused by pyogenic organisms, usually by staphylococci, reaching the lung by aspiration from the oral cavity or through the blood stream from a distant focus of suppuration. Pulmonary abscess occurs more frequently in children than in adults, and in cases uncomplicated by septicemia the prognosis is fair.  Pulmonary gangrene, comparatively, is a much more severe disease caused by a group of organisms, notably spirochetes, fusiform bacilli and vibrios aspirated from the oral cavity. It occurs much more frequently in adults than in children, and at the Mount Sinai Hospital of Cleveland in the past four years there have been more cases of pulmonary gangrene than of pulmonary abscess.  The fact that pulmonary gangrene does not respond well to the treatment for abscess but
Responsiveness of HIV-specific CD4 T cells to PD-1 blockade
Authors: Filippos Porichis, Douglas S. Kwon, Jennifer Zupkosky, Daniel P. Tighe, Ashley McMullen, Mark A. Brockman, David F. Pavlik, Marta Rodriguez-Garcia, Florencia Pereyra, Gordon J. Freeman, Daniel G. Kavanagh, Daniel E. Kaufmann
Journal: Blood (2011)
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS INITIATED IN VITRO
Authors: Kingsley M. Stevens, John M. McKenna
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Ten microg. of the lipopolysaccharide endotoxin of Salmonella typhosa was given to rabbits intravenously to enhance the subsequent antibody response to an unrelated substance. The spleens were removed 24 hours later, diced, and incubated 1 hour with the antigen, bovine-gamma-globulin (BGG), in a protein-free medium. After washing, the tissues either were extracted at once or planted and the fluids and tissues harvested 1 to 3 days later. Antibody was determined by a modification of the Boyden hemagglutination technique. Small amounts of antibody were synthesized as early as 1 hour after the addition of antigen. The antibody formed could be specifically inhibited with BGG, was not dialyzable, and did not sediment at 105,000 g for 2 hours. Dose-response studies revealed no antibody formation when the BGG concentration was 0.005 or 0.05 mg./ml. The best responses were obtained at concentrations of 0.5 to 5.0 mg./ml. These results were found irrespective of whether the animal had previously received BGG in vivo. Forty per cent autologous serum increased antibody formation about 9-fold over that secured with protein-free medium or with 40 per cent homologous serum. Antibody formed with this system could be detected by 50 per cent complement fixation test, although at much lower titer than found by hemagglutination. While spleens from rabbits previously given BGG did not produce more antibody than spleens from normal rabbits, they differed in that they produced antibody without the involvement of endotoxin. Under appropriate circumstances, endotoxin was effective in vitro in enabling spleen fragments to produce antibody to BGG. Cortisone acetate administered to rabbits prior to the removal of the spleen severely inhibited antibody production in vitro. Sodium prednisolone phosphate added in vitro showed a similar irreversible effect at concentrations as low as 2 x 10(-5)M. Nitrogen mustard inhibited antibody formation at concentrations as low as 10(-4)M.
A Disposable Renal Biopsy Needle
Authors: Michael H. Alderman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Since its introduction 16 years ago,<sup>1</sup>percutaneous biopsy of the kidney has come to play an integral part in diagnosing and managing renal disease. The Franklin modification of the Vim-Silverman biopsy needle<sup>2</sup>has been used almost exclusively in this country, with safety and success. The purpose of this report is to record our experience with a new, simple, single-piece, disposable needle. Patients were selected for renal biopsy according to the usual criteria.<sup>3</sup>Most frequently, biopsies were performed on patients with unexplained proteinuria. Bleeding, clotting, and prothrombin times were determined, and informed consent obtained. After typing and cross-matching for 2 units of blood, patients were routinely premedicated with 64 mg of phenobarbital. The biopsy site was determined by transferring landmarks from the intravenous pyelogram. With sterile technique, the area was infiltrated to the renal capsule with 1% lidocaine, and the kidney located with a 0.5-mm
Limiting Residents' Work Hours
Authors: Ingrid Philibert, Paul Friedmann, W. T. Williams
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemochromatosis: Platelets and aspartate aminotransferase are useful high-degree fibrosis marker
Authors: Agustin Castiella, Eva Zapata, Pedro Otazua
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We read with great interest the article by Crawford et al.1 about the utility of hyaluronic acid with ferritin in the prediction of cirrhosis for C282Y hemochromatosis. It is a very important advance for noninvasive fibrosis prediction in hemochromatosis patients. We would like to add that in their study they included 56 hereditary hemochromatosis patients, and in a cohort of 48 for whom data on serum ferritin, platelet count, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values were available, they applied Beaton et al.'s predictive model2 and compared their findings with those from French and Canadian hereditary hemochromatosis populations. In this cohort, 26 patients had serum ferritin > 1000 μg/L, and in 15 of the patients, the platelet count was >200,000 × 103/mL. Two of the 15 patients had cirrhosis, and both had raised AST. It is stated that the combination of a platelet count < 200,000, ferritin > 1000, and raised AST failed to detect 30% (3/10) of the patients with cirrhosis (they did not have all the predicting factors), but it seems that none of the patients with cirrhosis had a platelet count > 200,000 and normal AST. We recently reported the utility of various noninvasive methods for fibrosis prediction in hemochromatosis, with 32 patients included and nine presenting stage F3 or F4 fibrosis (four patients had cirrhosis).3 In our study, the combination of raised AST and a platelet count < 200,000 revealed a negative predictive value of 100% for high-degree fibrosis. Platelets alone had a 94% negative predictive value for high-degree fibrosis; the four patients with cirrhosis had a platelet count < 200,000, and three of them had a serum ferritin value < 1000 (three were homozygous for C282Y, and one lacked the hemochromatosis gene study). We think that the combination of a platelet count < 200,000 and raised AST is a useful tool for cirrhosis prediction in hemochromatosis. Noninvasive markers for fibrosis prediction are a very interesting field of investigation in hemochromatosis, but perhaps results differ in different populations. Agustin Castiella*, Eva Zapata*, Pedro Otazua , * Hepatogastroenterology, Mendaro Hospital, Mendaro, Spain, Hepatogastroenterology, Mondragon Hospital, Mondragon, Spain.
Five-group cytogenetic risk classification, monosomal karyotype, and outcome after hematopoietic cell transplantation for MDS or acute leukemia evolving from MDS
Authors: H. Joachim Deeg, Bart L. Scott, Min Fang, Howard M. Shulman, Boglarka Gyurkocza, David Myerson, John M. Pagel, Uwe Platzbecker, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Jerald P. Radich, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Mohamed Sorror, Derek L. Stirewalt, Wendy A. Wilson, Rainer Storb, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Ted Gooley
Journal: Blood (2012)
<i>nNOS</i> Gene Deletion Exacerbates Pathological Left Ventricular Remodeling and Functional Deterioration After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dana Dawson, Craig A. Lygate, Mei-Hua Zhang, Karen Hulbert, Stefan Neubauer, Barbara Casadei
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— The neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been implicated in the regulation of basal and β-adrenergic inotropy in normal and chronically infarcted hearts. Furthermore, myocardial nNOS expression and activity increase in failing hearts, raising the possibility that nNOS may influence left ventricular (LV) remodeling progression and functional deterioration after myocardial infarction (MI) Methods and Results— We compared LV remodeling at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after MI in nNOS -knockout mice ( nNOS −/− ) and their wild-type (WT) littermates matched for infarct size by using a highly accurate 3-dimensional echocardiographic technique. Basal LV hemodynamics and the inotropic response to dobutamine infusion (4 and 16 ng · g −1 · min −1 ) were also evaluated 8 weeks after MI. Sham-operated nNOS −/− mice showed enhanced basal LV contractility ( P &lt;0.03 versus WT, as evaluated by preload-recruitable stroke work) but an attenuated inotropic response to dobutamine infusion ( P &lt;0.01 versus WT). Both basal and β-adrenergic LV relaxations were significantly impaired in nNOS −/− mice. Survival after MI did not differ between groups. However, nNOS −/− mice developed a faster and more severe LV dilation compared with WT mice ( P &lt;0.05 for both end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indices). WT mice maintained a positive inotropic response to dobutamine 8 weeks after MI. In contrast, infarcted nNOS −/− mice responded to dobutamine with a dramatic fall in LV contractility ( P &lt;0.01 for preload-recruitable stroke work). Conclusions— nNOS plays a crucial role in preventing adverse LV remodeling and maintaining myocardial β-adrenergic reserve after MI. Taken together, our findings suggest that upregulation of myocardial nNOS in infarcted hearts may be an important adaptive mechanism.
Genetics of Neurological Disorders
Authors: A. Sorsby
Journal: BMJ (1967)

A 50-year-old man presenting with sudden onset right upper quadrant pain and no constitutional symptoms was found to have two necrotic liver masses on imaging, consistent with hepatic abscesses unresponsive to systemic antibiotics and percutaneous drainage. The patient deteriorated and developed symptoms consistent with impending rupture. He therefore subsequently underwent right hepatic segmentectomy. All cultures were negative and histopathology confirmed IgG4 related disease/inflammatory pseudotumour of the liver. Postoperatively, the patient was asymptomatic with no IgG4 disease activity in other organs.
The short- and long-term consequences of believing an illusion
Authors: Michael E. Young
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The experience of free will has causal consequences, albeit not immediate ones. Although Wegner recognizes this, his model failed to incorporate this causal link. Is this experience central to “what makes us human”? A broad acceptance of Wegner's claim that free will is illusory has significant societal and religious consequences, therefore the threshold of evidence needs to be correspondingly high.
TCT-149 High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity among Contemporary Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights from the TRANSLATE-ACS Study
Authors: Akshay Bagai, Eric Peterson, Emily Honeycutt, Mark B. Effron, Gregg Stone, Timothy D. Henry, David Cohen, Kevin Anstrom, Tracy Y. Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)