tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emotional, my dear Watson
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The role of stress, or more generally of psychological factors, in the production of physical illness has long been a matter of interest and contention. Speaking for myself, I have found that I am more prone to viral illness when I relax after a period of exceptionally hard work than during it; but that, I concede, is no evidence.

Do The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes constitute evidence? It is surprising how large a part stress induced disease plays in this volume.

Sherlock Holmes himself is not immune from it, though we sometimes make the mistake of supposing him to be a cold and rational calculating machine. In “The Reigate Squires” Holmes is ill. …
Manipulation in treatment of low back pain: a multicentre study.
Authors: D M Doran, D J Newell
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a multicentre trial 456 selected patients with low back pain were randomly allocated to one of four treatments-manipulation, definitive physiotherapy, corset, or analgesic tablets. Patients were reassessed clinically after three weeks9 treatment and again after a further three weeks. Questionnaires were used to find out the patients9 condition three months and one year after admission to the trial. There were never any important differences among the four groups of patients. A few patients responded well and quickly to manipulation, but there was no way of identifying such patients in advance. The response to a corset was slow, but the long-tern effects were at least as good as those of the other treatments. Patients treated only with analgesics fared marginally worse than those on the other three treatments. There is no strong reason, however, for recommending manipulation over physiotherapy or corset.
LABORATORY ASPECTS OF STREPTOMYCIN
Authors: EMIL BOGEN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

In the few years since streptomycin was discovered and made available, it has already become established as an important agent in the treatment of many diseases.<sup>1</sup>Much enthusiasm has been evoked by the demonstration of its effectiveness in many hitherto refractory tuberculous lesions. Extensive resources have been utilized in its investigation, and much has been learned about it, but much still remains to be investigated. Numerous other antibiotics besides penicillin and streptomycin have appeared promising from in vitro tests, but proved to be too toxic or feeble in animal experimentation. A few are undergoing trial, but none yet available have warranted clinical recommendation for tuberculosis. Many chemical agents have been found tuberculostatic, or tuberculocidal in vitro; some have shown promise in animal experiments, and several, including promin® (sodium p,-p'-diaminodiphenylsulfone-N,N'didextrose sulfonate), promizole® (4,2'-diamino-diphenyl-5'-thiazole sulfone) diasone® (disodium-formaldehyde-sulfoxylate-diamino-diphenyl-sul fone) and para-aminosalicylic acid, are being studied in patients,
Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Ryszard M. Pluta, Gabriela D. Perazza, Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical technique in which an electrode (an uninsulated wire) is placed in the subcortical (below the surface) structures of the brain. This electrode is connected to a stimulator (a battery) usually placed near the collarbone.
Computer-assisted studies of molecular structure and genotoxic activity by pattern recognition techniques.
Authors: T R Stouch, P C Jurs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Often a compound's biological activity is determined by complex relationships between its structural components. Such a relationship often can only be adequately described and exploited by multivariate structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies that can deal with many variables simultaneously. Pattern recognition (PR) is a multivariate technique that is well suited for the qualitative, active-inactive, data that is often supplied by biological assays. PR studies of compounds of known activity can yield information that will allow the prediction of the activity of untested compounds. ADAPT is a computerized system that was developed for such PR-SAR studies. A general introduction to this field is presented and the methodology used for such a study is described in the context of an actual study of mutagenic compounds. The data requirements, descriptor generation, and the details of a PR study are discussed. In addition, the example study was chosen to highlight the problems that may occur if a study is not well formulated and carefully executed. Current work and future plans for computerized mutagen screening are discussed.
Indomethacin decreases jejunal fluid secretion in addition to luminal release of prostaglandin E2 in patients with acute cholera.
Authors: F P Van Loon, G H Rabbani, K Bukhave, J Rask-Madsen
Journal: Gut (1992)

Human cholera is associated with an increased luminal release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but whether inhibition of increased PGE2 synthesis will reduce or control intestinal secretion is uncertain. 9Steady state9 perfusions (10 ml/minute) in 12 patients with acute cholera, and repeat perfusions in nine of these patients during the convalescent phase were therefore performed using the triple lumen technique. The proximal jejunum was perfused with isotonic saline containing sodium-sulphobromophthalein as a non-absorbable marker. After intravenous administration of indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg) the jejunal net transfer of fluid and the jejunal flow rate of PGE2 were determined in 30 minute periods for 120 minutes after a 120 minute control period. Indomethacin decreased net fluid secretion (2.1 (0.3-4.2) v 4.5 (2.5-8.4) ml/hour x cm; medians, Q50 ranges, p less than 0.01) and the jejunal flow rate of PGE2 (1.5 (1.2-2.7) v 2.2 (1.4-4.9) ng/minute, p less than 0.05). The results of similar perfusion studies in 22 patients with acute cholera, used to establish the spontaneous time related change in fluid secretion, showed no significant change in net fluid transfer (3.5 (2.2-6.2) to 3.5 (2.6-11.6) ml/hour x cm, p greater than 0.25) over 240 minutes. These data provide further evidence in favour of the hypothesis that prostaglandins have a role in the cholera toxin induced intestinal fluid secretion in man.
Calcified Megakaryocytes in a Case of Thrombocytopenia
Authors: ARTHUR L. DELOCA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Case Studies1 April 1967Calcified Megakaryocytes in a Case of ThrombocytopeniaARTHUR L. DELOCA JR., M.D., R. L. A. KIRCH, M.D.ARTHUR L. DELOCA JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. L. A. KIRCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-4-752 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhile nonspecific changes in the megakaryocytes are well recognized in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, calcification has not been previously reported. In the following case, thrombocytopenia with severe bleeding was resistant to all treatment, and at autopsy specific calcification of the megakaryocytes was found.CASE REPORTA 22-year-old white woman (BCH 2007994) was admitted to the Boston City Hospital because of hemorrhage and weakness. Her first admission, 15 months previously, had been for eclampsia with delivery of a stillborn infant by cesarean section. Except for a transient generalized macular rash in December 1964 she was well until May 1965, when she had...References1. MALLORY FB: Pathological Technique. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1938, p. 144. Google Scholar2. LILLIE RD: Histopathologic Technic and Practical Histochemistry, 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1965, p. 438. Google Scholar3. QUATTRINSCALFI NL: Fatal subacute immunothrombocytopenia due to pure megakaryocytary aplasia. Acta Haemat. (Basel) 29: 187, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WINTROBE MM: Clinical Hematology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1961, p. 839. Google Scholar5. FLOREY H (editor): General Pathology. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia and London, 1962, p. 405. Google Scholar6. DERENCKKNIGHT AVJ (editors): Cellular Injury. Ciba Foundation Symposium. Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1964, pp. 87, 92, 102. Google Scholar7. PIZZICARRARAALDEGHIERIDANI FPMAS: Immunofluorescence of megakaryocytes in the thrombocytopenic purpuras. Blood 27: 521, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, MassachusettsFrom the Hematology Laboratory (Tufts) and Mallory Institute of Pathology, Boston City Hospital, Boston, Mass.Dr. DeLoca is a Trainee supported by grant TL-AM 5328-05, the U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Arthur L. DeLoca, Jr., M.D., Chemotherapy Service, U. S. Public Health Service Hospital, 77 Warren St., Brighton, Mass. 02135. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1967Volume 66, Issue 4Page: 752-755KeywordsEclampsiaHematology and oncologyHemorrhageIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraInfantsMedical servicesMegakaryocytesRashesResearch laboratoriesThyroid Issue Published: 1 April 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Urinary excretion of lithocholic acid and its conjugates by the bile duct-ligated rat
Authors: Joanna M. Little, Piotr Zimniak, Anna Radominska, Roger Lester, Paul Lehman
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The 3-O-glucuronide of lithocholic acid has been shown to be a potent cholestatic agent in rats. However, even after the onset of lithocholic acid glucuronide-induced cholestasis, little of the administered material was recovered in urine. To determine whether this phenomenon was related to the steroid moiety or the form of conjugation, small doses of radiolabeled lithocholic acid glucuronide, lithocholic acid, taurolithocholic acid and/or lithocholic acid sulfate were administered to rats with ligated bile ducts. Urinary excretion of isotope was followed for 24 hr and urinary metabolites of the administered compounds were identified by thin-layer chromatography. Lithocholic and taurolithocholic acids were slowly but relatively efficiently excreted in urine with 73% and 91% of the dose, respectively, recovered in urine over 24 hr. More than 80% of the label in urine from animals receiving these two compounds was in the form of taurine-conjugated β-muricholic acid. In contrast, lithocholic acid 3-glucuronide and 3-sulfate were poorly excreted: 9% and 12% of the administered doses, respectively, were recovered in urine in 24 hr. Of the small amount of label in urine from rats given the glucuronide, 90% was identified as lithocholic and taurolithocholic acid glucuronides. When lithocholic acid sulfate was given, thin-layer chromatography of urine showed two peaks, which were tentatively identified as tauromurideoxycholic and taurolithocholic acid sulfates. More definitive identification was not possible because of the small amount of the administered dose excreted in urine in these forms. It is apparent from the results that conjugation of the 3-hydroxy group of lithocholic acid with sulfate or glucuronide severely impairs the additional hydroxylation of the steroid nucleus that is a prerequisite for effective renal excretion, resulting in the retention of these toxic metabolites in the body. (Hepatology 1991;14:690-695.)
Terpenoids of Sinularia soft corals: chemistry and bioactivity
Authors: Wen-ting Chen, Yan Li, Yue-wei Guo
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Soft corals of the genus Sinularia are one of the most widespread soft corals. They are a rich source of bioactive substances with intriguing and unique structural features. The present paper reviews the latest progress in the chemistry and pharmacological activities of terpenoids from Sinularia soft corals and provides a perspective on future areas of research interest.
An Address on SOME RECENT POLICIES REGARDING PARTICULAR DISEASES
Authors: G. Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (1931)

But the difficulty of choosing the safe moment to let ON them in again is considerable, mainly owing to the diffi- SOME RECENT POLICIES REGARDING culty of obtaining facts regarding the prevalence of psitta- cosis infection, particularly in South American countries, PARTICULAR DISEASES' both among the wild birds and at the entrepots and aviaries BY at the ports from which they are dispatched to Europe.
HIV Antibody Testing Among Those at Risk for Infection
Authors: Danie C. Berrios
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the prevalence of testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody among adults with various risk factors for infection, particularly those residing in large metropolitan areas where the bulk of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have occurred. <h3>Design.</h3> —A nationwide, population-based telephone survey eliciting testing, sexual, and injection drug use histories. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 2673 randomly chosen US residents and 8263 randomly chosen residents of 23 metropolitan areas containing 64% of reported cases of AIDS. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —None. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Testing for HIV antibody. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —Overall, rates of individuals ever tested were only slightly higher in the urban areas (23%) than in the nation as a whole (21%). Testing frequencies were low among all risk groups (less than 40%), except men engaging in same-sex sexual activity (60%) and male and female injection drug users (46% and 73%, respectively). The low rate of testing (35%) among the largest risk group, heterosexual men and women engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse with multiple partners, was particularly worrisome. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —To encourage antibody testing among the many at risk for infection who have not yet been tested, promotional campaigns should explain the universal susceptibility to infection among those at risk, and the availability of prophylactic medical therapies and social support services to persons who are HIV-seropositive. As there were comparable levels of risk-taking behavior among subjects in both samples, these campaigns must be designed to reach all segments of the population. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1576-1580)
Pathophysiology and treatment of haemodynamic instability in acute pulmonary embolism: the pivotal role of pulmonary vasoconstriction
Authors: Y Smulders
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Acute massive pulmonary embolism has a high mortality rate. Fatal haemodynamic deterioration is caused by an acute increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Traditionally, the degree of mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature by the embolic thrombus is considered to be the major determinant of this increase in right ventricular afterload. However, there is evidence to suggest that another factor plays an important role, since there is a marked discrepancy between the haemodynamic manifestations of acute pulmonary embolism and the degree of mechanical obstruction. Historic studies indicate that this discrepancy is largely explained by pulmonary vasoconstriction caused by vasoactive mediators, released mainly by activated platelets. Thromboxane-A2 and serotonin are probably the two most important pulmonary vasoconstrictors in this context. Antagonising their effects dramatically increases tolerance to experimental pulmonary embolism in animals. In humans, this concept should eventually find its way into clinical practice. In the future, acute massive pulmonary embolism could be treated with antagonists to pulmonary vasoconstrictors, or with direct pulmonary vasodilators.
Prevention of Natural Colds by Contact Prophylaxis with Intranasal Alpha<sub>2</sub>-Interferon
Authors: Frederick G. Hayden, Janice K. Albrecht, Donald L. Kaiser, Jack M. Gwaltney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to determine whether intranasal alpha 2-interferon could prevent respiratory illnesses in healthy contacts of ill family members. Beginning within 48 hours of the onset of illness in a family member, contacts self-administered interferon (5 X 10(6) IU) or placebo spray once daily for seven days. Respiratory illness developed during the eight-day period, starting with the second day of spraying, in 52 of 222 persons in the placebo group as compared with 32 of 226 in the interferon group (P = 0.02; efficacy, 39 percent). Among persons exposed to laboratory-documented rhinovirus colds, illness developed in 2 of 27 interferon recipients as compared with 12 of 34 placebo recipients (P = 0.02; efficacy, 79 percent). During the two-week period during and after spraying, rhinovirus colds developed in 1.3 percent of those spraying with interferon and in 15.1 percent of those spraying with placebo (P = 0.003; efficacy, 88 percent). Blood-tinged mucus or nasal mucosal bleeding or both were detected in 7.7 percent of placebo and 13.6 percent of interferon users (P = 0.04), but no evidence of cumulative nasal toxicity was found. We conclude that postexposure prophylaxis with intranasal interferon may in some cases provide an effective strategy for controlling the spread of natural colds, especially those caused by rhinoviruses.
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE AND RISK CLASSIFICATION FOR MORTALITY PREDICTION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES
Authors: Jamal S. Rana, Heidi Gransar, Leslee J. Shaw, Paolo Raggi, Nathan D. Wong, Khurram Nasir, James K. Min, Alan Rozanski, Tracy Q. Callister, Mathew J. Budoff, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Evolving Role of MRI in the Detection and Evaluation of Breast Cancer
Authors: Robert A. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The age-adjusted rate of death from breast cancer in the United States was 24% lower in 2003 than it was in 1989,1 a decline that has been attributed principally to both the role of mammography in detecting early-stage tumors and improvements in therapy. Indeed, early diagnosis and therapy have been the cornerstone of efforts to control breast cancer, since a readily accessible preventive strategy for women with an average risk has been elusive. Prevention is clearly the preferable strategy for controlling cancer, but for the foreseeable future, the control of breast cancer will depend mostly on early detection, careful diagnostic . . .
Idiopathic Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction
Authors: David L. Faulk
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Patients with idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction suffer from malnutrition because of inability to maintain adequate oral intake without the development of obstructive symptoms. We have successfully used central venous nutrition in two patients with this syndrome, both on a short-term and long-term home-maintenance basis. Hyperalimentation can provide adequate nutrition in patients with intestinal pseudo-obstruction until normal bowel function returns or until definitive therapy for this chronic disease is found.
ETV6-RUNX1-positive childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: improved outcome with contemporary therapy
Authors: D Bhojwani, D Pei, J T Sandlund, S Jeha, R C Ribeiro, J E Rubnitz, S C Raimondi, S Shurtleff, M Onciu, C Cheng, E Coustan-Smith, W P Bowman, S C Howard, M L Metzger, H Inaba, W Leung, W E Evans, D Campana, M V Relling, C-H Pui
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Factors Affecting the Waiting Time of Cadaveric Kidney Transplant Candidates in the United States
Authors: Fred P. Sanfilippo, William K. Vaughn, Thomas G. Peters, Charles F. Shield, Patricia L. Adams, Marc I. Lorber, G. Melville Williams
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the relative impact of various factors that could account for differences in waiting time of cadaveric kidney transplant candidates (eg, black and sensitized patients). <h3>Design.</h3> —A cohort study using multivariate analyses to identify associations between 36 patient, donor, and center factors with waiting time for all US cadaveric kidney transplant candidates listed between October 1, 1987, and June 30, 1990. <h3>Setting.</h3> —All US kidney transplant centers. <h3>Patients.</h3> —The study included 23468 cadaveric renal transplant candidates on active waiting status. <h3>Results.</h3> —The patient characteristics most significantly associated with increased waiting time (adjusted for all other variables) were immunologic and included presensitization to HLA antigens, O or B blood type, candidacy for a repeat transplantation, and expression of rare HLA-A or HLA-B antigen phenotypes. Nonimmunologic factors also affected waiting times, which were significantly shorter for patients younger than 15 years vs those aged 15 through 44 years (8.4 vs 12.9 months, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.0001), for those listed at multiple centers vs one center (7.0 vs 13.3 months, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.0001), or for white vs black patients (11.9 vs 15.4 months, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.0001). Local transplant center characteristics associated with a significantly shorter waiting time included a small number of transplantation candidates, a high (&gt;35 per million population) local kidney organ recovery rate, and an approved variance from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network allocation algorithm. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The time renal transplant candidates must wait for kidney transplantation is influenced by several factors in addition to those expected due to immunologic reasons of donor incompatibility, the algorithms used for organ distribution, or the effectiveness of local kidney recovery. The impact of these factors should be considered as the current US system for allocating scarce donor organs for kidney transplantation is modified. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:247-252)
Interaction between High Density and Low Density Lipoproteins during Uptake and Degradation by Cultured Human Fibroblasts
Authors: N. E. Miller, D. B. Weinstein, T. E. Carew, T. Koschinsky, D. Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

High density lipoprotein (HDL) inhibited the binding (trypsin-releasable radioactivity), internalization (cell-associated radioactivity after trypsinization), and degradation (TCA-soluble non-iodide radioactivity) of 125I-low density lipoprotein (125I-LDL) by cultured normal human fibroblasts. At HDL:LDL molar ratios of 25:1 (protein ratios about 5:1), these parameters were reduced by about 25%. Unlabeled LDL was about 25 times more effective in reducing 125I-LDL binding, implying that if HDL and LDL bind at common sites the affinity of HDL for these sites is very low or that the interaction is on some other basis. The fractional reduction in 125I-LDL binding at a given HDL: 125I-LDL ratio was independent of 125I-LDL concentration and occurred equally with fibroblasts from a subject with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Reciprocally, the binding, internalization, and degradation of 125I-HDL were reduced by LDL. Preincubation of fibroblasts with HDL (or LDL) reduced the subsequent binding of 125I-LDL (or 125I-HDL) during a second incubation. In other studies HDL reduced the net increase in cell cholesterol content induced by incubation with LDL. HDL alone had no net effect on cell cholesterol content.
Now and Then, Even Rugged Marines May Need a Few Good Physicians
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1989)

WHO TAKES CARE of the men and women of the US Marine Corps? Most marines probably would say they can take care of themselves. But of course some do become ill or are injured and it is the US Navy that provides medical care. There are 242 Navy physicians and four nurses assigned to the Marine Corps. At Kaneohe Bay Marine Air Station in Hawaii, the clinic medical staff say they see little of the marines. "They're usually up in the hills and they really do take care of themselves," remarks a Navy physician. "We only see serious injuries." (Marines also serve aboard ships, at US embassies, and as pilots or other aircrew.) When marines are in the field, they have a medical station where first aid can be given. This might include a corpsman's starting intravenous fluids or doing initial splinting. In combat, that station would be backed up