tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UDDER INFECTION WITH STREPTOCOCCI OF THE SCARLET FEVER TYPE
Authors: F. S. Jones, Ralph B. Little
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The streptococcus isolated from the udder of a cow on a farm where an outbreak of scarlet fever originated has been correlated with known scarlet fever strains. This streptococcus and another also isolated from the udder of a cow are indistinguishable in cultural characters and certain antigen affinities from S. scarlatinae. Skin tests indicate that the strain isolated from the milk of the cow in a herd to which the scarlet fever epidemic was attributed produced a toxin which was neutralized with scarlet fever antitoxin.
ARE ALL NON-CULPRIT LESIONS THAT CAUSE EVENTS SIMILAR? A PROSPECT SUBSTUDY ANALYSIS
Authors: Elias Sanidas, Gary S. Mintz, Ecaterina Cristea, Akiko Maehara, Bernard de Bruyne, Roxana Mehran, John McPherson, Helen Parise, Alexandra J. Lansky, Barry Templin, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Antifibrinolytic drugs and perioperative hemostasis
Authors: Thomas F. Slaughter, Charles S. Greenberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Although excessive bleeding is widely recognized as a common complication of cardiac surgery, the recent success of antifibrinolytic drugs as prophylactic hemostatic agents has received little attention outside the surgical literature. The etiology of the coagulopathy following cardiac surgery is clearly multifactorial; however, the success of antifibrinolytic drugs as hemostatic agents suggests that fibrinolysis contributes to bleeding in this setting. Increasingly widespread administration of these drugs necessitates increased awareness of the risks and benefits posed by perioperative antifibrinolytic therapy. The objectives of this review are to understand the mechanisms of action of antifibrinolytic drugs in the context of the normal hemostatic response and to review evidence pertaining to the efficacy and safety of antifibrinolytic drugs as hemostatic agents during cardiac surgery. Am. J. Hematol. 56:32–36, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Neuromuscular and Immunochemical Abnormalities in an Adult Man with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: JOHN T. HICKS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A 40-year-old black man developed the primary features of Kawasaki disease, along with a pronounced distal motor and sensory neuropathy, abnormal electromyograms, and elevated creatine kinase levels. Results of the biopsy of a distal muscle showed myonecrosis, some type II grouping, immunoglobulin deposition in the sarcolemma, and disordered sarcomeric alignment with dilated T-tubules and terminal cisternae. Immunologic evaluation showed high concentrations of cryoglobulins and circulating immune complexes. It is possible that several manifestations of Kawasaki disease are mediated by immune complex deposition in vessels and tissues.
Getting out more
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Epic vacations are all the rage. Unless you have small children or a certified disability, it is now considered something of a cop out to spend your hard earned holiday playing Frisbee on the beach or shopping for knick knacks in ethnic markets. Real men (and women) are expected to take off on as long a journey as their annual leave allowance permits, travelling by any bona fide method of self propulsion (without a spouse or tour company carrying their kit) while blogging the …
Changes in Microvascular Reactivity After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients With Poorly Controlled Versus Controlled Diabetes
Authors: Jun Feng, Yuhong Liu, Louis M. Chu, Arun K. Singh, Nikola Dobrilovic, James G. Fingleton, Richard T. Clements, Cesario Bianchi, Frank W. Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— We investigated the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on peripheral arteriolar reactivity and associated signaling pathways in poorly controlled (UDM), controlled (CDM), and case-matched nondiabetic (ND) patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods and Results— Skeletal muscle arterioles were harvested before and after CPB from the UDM patients (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]=9.0±0.3), the CDM patients (HbA1c=6.3±0.15), and the ND patients (HbA1c=5.2±0.1) undergoing CABG surgery (n=10/group). In vitro relaxation responses of precontracted arterioles to endothelium-dependent vasodilators adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) and substance P and the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were examined. The baseline responses to ADP, substance P, and SNP of arterioles from the UDM patients were decreased as compared with microvessels from the ND or CDM patients ( P &lt;0.05). The post-CPB relaxation responses to ADP and substance P were significantly decreased in all 3 groups compared with pre-CPB responses ( P &lt;0.05). However, these decreases were more pronounced in the UDM group ( P &lt;0.05). The post-CPB response to SNP was significantly decreased only in the UDM group, not in the other 2 groups compared with pre-CPB. The expression of protein kinase C (PKC)-α, PKC-β, protein oxidation, and nitrotyrosine in the skeletal muscle were significantly increased in the UDM group as compared with those of ND or CDM groups ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— Poorly controlled diabetes results in impaired arteriolar function before and after CPB. These alterations are associated with the increased expression/activation of PKC-α and PKC-β and enhanced oxidative and nitrosative stress.
Making prison health care more efficient: The cost may be higher than the price
Authors: Andrew J Ashworth
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The release of the government's latest report on health inequalities on 11 August was curious. 1 2 Reminiscent of the covert release of the Black report on August bank holiday in 1980, the report appeared when the minister for public health was on holiday and her deputy unavailable. Personal trainersIn July 2003 the government stated that there would be an annual report from the Department of Health on health inequality indicators related to the health inequality targets.Nothing appeared for more than two years, although the data that were eventually released had been available for some time, 3 and when they did appear it was, conveniently, after the election.Even stranger, the press release for the latest report deflected attention from the key finding of widening inequalities in life expectancy and infant mortality by headlining the 12 "early adopter sites" with their "health trainers." 4 The minister said, "Many people have difficulty in changing to a healthier way of life . . .Health trainers are one of the many initiatives in the white paper which will help narrow this gap by supporting people to make healthier choices in their daily lives." 4 To Labour traditionalists, opposed to victim blaming approaches to health promotion, this may have triggered memories of Conservative minister Edwina Currie admonishing the poor to buy cheap but healthy food.To New Labour, however, it may be grist to the mill.
New Ethical-Review Policy for Clinical Medical Research
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

ONE of the last actions of outgoing Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) Patricia Harris was to sign off on the much-delayed final regulations for ethical review of clinical medical studies and other research involving human beings.1 The effective date of the new policies is July 28, 1981, although it is suggested that local human-studies committees may institute the new system as soon as possible.The new regulations, which are substantially based on the recommendations of the National Commission for the Protection of Subjects in Biomedical and Behavioral Research, are long, detailed, and complex. It is difficult to summarize . . .
Usefulness of a Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment for Predicting Recovery of Left Ventricular Wall Motion in the Setting of Myocardial Stunning
Authors: Vicente Bodí, Juan Sanchis, María P. López-Lereu, Antonio Losada, Julio Núñez, Mauricio Pellicer, Vicente Bertomeu, Francisco J. Chorro, Àngel Llácer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Intramuscular vitamin K and childhood cancer.
Authors: J. Chayen
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and delivered non-spontaneously and children given oral vitamin K or no vitamin K and delivered spontaneously.An appropriate way to separate any possible effect of type of delivery from the effect of vitamin K would be a Mantel-Haenszel analysis in which the data are stratified also for type of delivery (or a logistic regression analysis using a model that incorporates interaction terms between the variables hospital and type of delivery, as well as between hospital and year of delivery).
THE TRANSPULMONARY GRADIENT BUT NOT THE SYSTOLIC OR MEAN PULMONARY ARTERIAL PRESSURE CORRELATES WITH THE WALL THICKNESS OF PERIPHERAL PULMONARY ARTERIES AND VEINS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Vera D. Aiello, Pompeu R. Campos, Victor Issa, Ronaldo Honorato, Alfredo I. Fiorelli, Edimar A. Bocchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Wastage of Doctors
Authors: E. J. Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1964)

OBJECTIVES--To determine whether beta carotene is therapeutically equivalent to retinyl palmitate in the formulation currently recommended by the World Health Organisation. DESIGN--Randomised blind equivalence trial. SETTING--Rural area in Senegal. SUBJECTS--Children aged 2-15 years suffering from vitamin A deficiency as defined by abnormal results on eye cytology were randomly allocated treatment with retinyl palmitate (n = 256) and beta carotene (n = 254). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Reversion to normal results on eye cytology as defined by the reappearance of goblet cells and normalisation of the epithelial cells. RESULTS--Seven weeks after the supplement was given the percentages were 51.2% (124/242) children taking retinyl palmitate and 50.0% (123/246) of those taking beta carotene, who had reverted to normal eye cytology, a difference of 1.2% (95% confidence interval 6.2% to 8.6%) [corrected]. According to an equivalence testing procedure, the two treatments were statistically equivalent; the null hypothesis of non-equivalence was rejected (one tailed p value = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS--beta Carotene supplementation seems to be a promising candidate for the alleviation of vitamin A deficiency. It could be given either as high dose capsule or through increased dietary intake. The challenge now is to improve dietary intake of vitamin A in programmes that are effective and sustainable at the community level.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated With Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Akira Matsumori, Yoshiki Matoba, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Myocarditis is thought to be commonly caused by various viruses, and accumulating evidence links viral myocarditis with the eventual development of dilated cardiomyopathy. In many cases, however, the evidence is only circumstantial, and direct conclusive proof is not available. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to detect enterovirus RNA in myocardial tissue, but the wide discrepancy in results emphasizes the need for further study. Methods and Results We investigated hepatitis C virus infection in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The presence, type, and quantity of hepatitis C virus RNA were evaluated in the sera, and the presence of positive and negative strands of hepatitis C virus RNA in the heart was investigated with the PCR technique. Anti–hepatitis C virus antibody was present in the sera of 6 of 36 patients (16.7%) with dilated cardiomyopathy and in 1 of 40 patients (2.5%) with ischemic heart disease, showing a statistically significant ( P &lt;.05) difference. At an earlier time, acute myocarditis was suspected in 3 patients who had developed acute onset of heart failure, and the diagnosis was confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy in 1 patient. Hepatitis C virus RNA was present in the sera of 4 of the 6 patients, and all 4 had hepatitis C virus type II. The copy number of hepatitis C virus RNA in the serum was 8×10 2 to 2×10 3 genomes per 1 mL serum. Positive strands of hepatitis C virus were found in the hearts of 3 patients, and negative strands of hepatitis C virus were detected in the heart of 1 patient. Conclusions The results suggest that hepatitis C virus infection is frequently found in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and that hepatitis C virus is an important causal agent in the pathogenesis of the disease. Antiviral therapy against hepatitis C virus may be indicated in these patients.
Independence and other things
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Last week we heard from Richard Smith that revenues from drug advertising may be an important pillar of editorial independence (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39259.472998.AD). His article, and a news story this week, have got me thinking about what independence means, what its limits are—since limits there must be—and what it's for. On the previous page in the print journal (and at bmj.com/bmj/about-bmj if you're online) you'll see some small but crucial words: “The BMA grants editorial freedom to the editor of the BMJ .” Why are these words crucial? Because they mean that what you read in the BMJ has been judged by the editor …
Randomised controlled trial of effect of Baby Check on use of health services in first 6 months of life
Authors: H. Thomson, S. Ross, P. Wilson, A. McConnachie, R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the effect of Baby Check, an illness scoring system for babies of 6 months or less, on parents9 use of health services for their baby. <b>Design:</b>Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> 13 general practices in Glasgow. <b>Subjects:</b> 997 newly delivered mothers, randomised to receive either Baby Check and <i>Play It Safe</i>, an accident prevention leaflet (n=497), or <i>Play It Safe</i>alone (control group, n=500). <b>Main outcome measures:</b>Data on consultations and referrals extracted from general practice notes after 6 months. <b>Results:</b> At the time of recruitment, maternal characteristics were similar for both groups (mean maternal age 29 years; deprivation categories 6 and 1 in both groups; 424 (45%) mothers were primiparous). At 6 months, general practice notes were available for 467 (94%) of the Baby Check group and 468 (94%) of the control group. The number of general practitioner consultations did not differ between the groups: median number of consultations was 2 (interquartile range 1 to 4) in the Baby Check group, and 2 (1 to 3) in the control group. Use of out of hours services did not differ significantly between the two groups (86 <i>v</i> 85; P=0.93). <b>Conclusion:</b> Distributing Baby Check to an unselected group of mothers does not affect use of health services for infants up to 6 months of age.
649. Effects of GIT1on Human Neuronal (NT2N) Cells
Authors: Ann-Shung Lieu, Jin Zhong Li, Donna J. Webb, Gerald R. Hankins, Gregory A. Helm
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Mature mammalian neurons, except for olfactory neurons, are incapable of cell division. Promoting the regeneration of degenerated adult neurons is a major goal in neurological science. The human teratocarcinoma cell line (NTera 2 or NT2) is capable of neuronal differentiation following treatment with retinoic acid. These neurons (NT2N cells) have a stable neuronal phenotype. The effect of GIT1 overexpression in human NT2N cells was evaluated using an adenoviral vector. A recombinant GIT1 and GFP adenoviral vector (AdEGFP-GIT1) was constructed. The biologic activities of GIT1 were assessed according to the induction of neuronal spine formation, cell migration, and the amounts of GAP-43 and active Cdc42. Cells treated with AdEGFP-GIT1 were compared to untreated cells and to cells treated with AdEGFP. NT2N cells in the AdEGFP-GIT1 group demonstrated more spine formation and higher numbers of migrating cells than that either cells treated with AdEGFP or untreated NT2N cells. GAP-43 and active Cdc42 were quantified by dot ELISA method. The results showed that the amount of GAP-43 and active Cdc42 in the AdEGFP-GIT1 group was much higher than in AdEGFP and untreated NT2N groups. In conclusion, GIT1 overexpression promotes spine formation, migration, and expression of the growth factor GAP-43 and active Cdc42. The GIT1/|[beta]|-PIX/Cdc42/PAK pathway may play an important role in the biological activities of neurons. GIT1 also stimulates GAP-43 expression which may help promote regeneration of damaged axons and formation of new synapses. Therefore, GIT1 may have potential in the treatment of nerve injury.
Iron and aluminum homeostasis in neural disorders.
Authors: J G Joshi, M Dhar, M Clauberg, V Chauthaiwale
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The brain is the most compartmentalized organ. It is also highly aerobic. Because nerve cells grow but do not regenerate, the brain is the organ best suited for the accumulation of metabolic errors colocalized in specific areas of the brain over an extended period. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is primarily a neurological disorder of the elderly. It is suggested that this disorder results from the accumulation of such errors, and that AD onset aluminum and iron contribute to but do not necessarily initiate the onset of the disease. In vitro and in vivo evidence summarized here suggests that this is effected by interfering in the utilization of glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, and sequestration of iron by ferritin. beta-amyloid precusor proteins (beta-APPs) are normal components of the human brain and some other tissues. Proteolysis of these, presumably by serine proteases, generates a 39 to 42 amino acid long peptide, the alpha-amyloid (beta-AP). In AD brains, beta-AP aggregates into plaque, the hallmark of AD brains. Some of the alpha-APPs also contain a 56 amino acid long segment which inhibits serine proteases. We show that in vitro, at pH 6.5, aluminum activates beta-chymotrypsin 2-fold and makes it dramatically resistant to protease inhibitors such as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bPTI) or its mimic present in the beta-amyloid precursor proteins (beta-APPs). Iron and oxygen are reported to favor cross-linking of beta-AP in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Herpes simplex virus DNA in occult lesions: Demonstration by the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: N.S. Penneys, Barbara Goldstein, George T. Nahass, Craig Leonardi, Wen-Yuan Zhu
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)

Herpes simplex virus DNA was identified by the polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for the herpes DNA polymerase gene. A herpes-specific amplimer was detected in two of three cases in which the clinical and histologic features were inconclusive. Herpes simplex virus DNA was identified by the polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for the herpes DNA polymerase gene. A herpes-specific amplimer was detected in two of three cases in which the clinical and histologic features were inconclusive.
Low-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus - an innocent bystander? Contra
Authors: M. Vieth
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

According to recent guidelines, the diagnosis of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (formerly known as ”low-grade dysplasia”, abbreviated to ”LGD”) in Barrett’s esophagus requires a more frequent surveillance program, examining patients until the histology is negative for neoplasia or until a higher degree of neoplasia is detected [1] [2]. This is rather difficult to understand because the guidelines for managing this condition in the colon, duodenum, and stomach advise gastroenterologists to remove foci of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (i. e. adenomas) completely rather than to wait for the lesion to disappear or progress (which would be regarded as a rather lazy, or at least an unethical attitude with respect to such lesions in these sites).
Care of dying patients and safety dominate report on NHS complaints
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Complaints about the care of dying patients and patient safety dominate a report published last week that reviewed complaints referred to the Healthcare Commission, the NHS watchdog in England. 

The report analysed 16 000 complaints sent to the commission for independent review between July 2004 and July 2006. More than half (54%) of complaints about hospitals were about care surrounding a death. In many cases, families complained that they had received contradictory or confusing information from different staff caring for a relative. In other cases, relatives felt that they were unprepared for the death or had no time to arrange for family members to be present. 

Nearly one quarter (22%) of total complaints were about patient safety. One of the most serious incidents was a mix …
CHRONIC URETHRITIS IN GIRLS
Authors: Clarence V. Hodges
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Chronic posterior urethritis has proven to be, in our experience, the commonest single basis for urinary tract infection in girls. Understanding of the pathogenesis and characteristics of this clinical entity will hasten early recognition and appropriate treatment.  To many practitioners today a girl who has an elevated temperature, urinary frequency, and pus in the voided urine specimen has pyelitis. They are happy to call the powerful sulfonamide and antibiotic agents to their aid and gratified to find that these agents appear to control the infection in most cases in very short order. Often not until there have been repeated recurrences and the entire chemotherapeutic and antibiotic armamentarium has been ineffective in bringing about a permanent cure is the possibility of an underlying process considered. Intravenous or retrograde investigation is then undertaken in the logical belief that a congenital obstruction will be found, but the urinary system drains normally. Cystoscopic examination
Management of severe gastroparesis diabeticorum
Authors: M J Davies, B J Rathbone, P G McNally, J H Youde, W P Goddard
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—The debate over the management of gastroparesis diabeticorum reflects how difficult this condition is to manage.1 We have had similar difficulties in managing a 46 year old man with longstanding diabetes treated with insulin.

The patient had various long term complications, including peripheral neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy (evident on renal biopsy), and impotence as well as hypertension and angina. He was admitted recurrently with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. On each occasion he received intravenous fluids and insulin and a nasogastric tube was inserted. …
Haemostatic activity of ethamsylate and aminocaproic acid adsorbed poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) particles
Authors: D HORAK, F SVEC, A ADAMYAN, M TITOVA, N SKUBA, O VORONKOVA, N TROSTENYUK, V VISHNEVSKII, K GUMARGALIEVA
Journal: Biomaterials (1992)
Syndrome of pleural and retrosternal "bridging" fibrosis and retroperitoneal fibrosis in patients with asbestos exposure
Authors: V Cottin, P-Y Brillet, F Combarnous, F Duperron, H Nunes, J-F Cordier
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Two case histories are described of pleural and anterior mediastinal fibrosis presenting as a continuous fibrotic process with thick parietal pleural plaques extending from one pleura to the contralateral pleura through the retrosternal area, and with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Follow-up over 4 years in one case demonstrated rapid progression of disease, with pleural fibrosis preceding retrosternal and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Histopathological analysis in both cases showed non-tumoral fibrosis with broad fibrous bundles surrounding fibroblasts (and lymphocytes in one case). Possible causes such as infections and exposure to ergot derivatives were excluded. Both patients had been slightly or moderately exposed to asbestos. These cases represent an unusual new presentation of pleural and retrosternal fibrosis extending beyond the anatomical structures and associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis.