tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Initiative Seeks Answers to Cancer Disparities
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic modulation of tumor cells enhances killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is distinct from immunogenic cell death
Authors: Andressa A Smith, James Hodge, Charlie Garnett, Benedetto Farsaci, Claudia Palena, Kwong-Yok Tsang, Soldano Ferrone, Sofia Gamiero
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Certain chemotherapeutic regimens trigger cancer cell death while inducing dendritic cell maturation and subsequent immune responses. However, chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) has thus far been restricted to select agents. In contrast, several chemotherapeutic
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Insights from Animal Models
Authors: Alfred D. Steinberg, Elizabeth S. Raveché, Carl A. Laskin, Howard R. Smith, Thomas Santoro, Michael L. Miller, Paul H. Plotz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem, antibody-mediated, autoimmune disorder that occurs spontaneously in humans and mice. Genetic factors appear to play an important predisposing role in the disorder: The presence of certain genes may produce a generalized immune abnormality, whereas others may lead to specific autoantibodies. Environmental triggers increase autoantibody production and augment the expression of illness. Bacterial and viral illnesses can provide stimulation by activating macrophages and T cells that, in turn, stimulate B cells. In the absence of normal control mechanisms, the stimulatory process is not suppressed, and excessive stem cell proliferation results in abnormal B-cell proliferation. A trigger for the disease is the signaling of the proliferating B cells to differentiate into antibody-forming cells. Most autoantibody-producing B cells can be eliminated from mice with lupus erythematosus by virtue of the presence of the gene, xid. In addition, administration of an analog of arachidonic acid is an effective treatment for murine lupus erythematosus.
Delivering Bad News
Authors: Gary N. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The article by Dr Ptacek and Ms Eberhardt 1 provides a useful and overdue summary of breaking bad news to patients. As the authors mention, physicians may offer hope and assuage one common fear of patients by indicating to them that pain and distressing symptoms can be effectively managed. From the perspective of a primary care physician, another often unspoken fear that patients may harbor is abandonment by their support systems, including their primary care physician. In some situations, the trust, understanding, communication, and guidance offered by and through this continuing relationship, although frequently unreimbursed and often ignored, may be more important than surgery or chemotherapy to the patient's comfort and sense of wellbeing.  In breaking bad news, I would suggest adding a few simple sentences, acknowledging that there will be difficulties and challenges, that the patient and physician will face them together, and that the physician will maintain
Mercury Intoxication Simulating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Charles R. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A 54-year-old man had a syndrome resembling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after a brief but intense exposure to elemental mercury. The syndrome resolved as his urinary mercury levels fell. Mercury toxicity must be considered not only in individuals with recent anterior horn-cell dysfunction but also with otherwise unexplained peripheral neuropathy, tremor, ataxia, and a gamut of psychiatric symptoms including confusion and depression. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:642-643)
Gene defects in the soma: some get it and some don’t!
Authors: Bernice Lo, Michael J. Lenardo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have increased attention on genetic variation in somatic tissues. Although long known to cause neoplastic diseases, somatic variation is now being investigated as a pathogenetic mechanism for other diseases. Somatic changes are genomic DNA variations that were not inherited but arise in tissues throughout life. In this issue of the JCI, Magerus-Chatinet et al. explore somatic changes in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), a congenital disease of defective apoptosis and autoimmunity that is usually associated with germline heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the Fas death receptor. They explain why certain individuals have severe disease manifestations by documenting somatic alterations in the germline normal FAS allele in an unusual population of "double-negative" T cells found in ALPS. Thus, the oncological concept of somatic loss of heterozygosity leading to selected cell expansion also applies to autoimmune diseases.
Pretreatment with antibody to eosinophil major basic protein prevents hyperresponsiveness by protecting neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors in antigen-challenged guinea pigs.
Authors: C M Evans, A D Fryer, D B Jacoby, G J Gleich, R W Costello
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

In antigen-challenged guinea pigs there is recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs and to airway nerves, decreased function of inhibitory M2 muscarinic autoreceptors on parasympathetic nerves in the lungs, and airway hyperresponsiveness. A rabbit antibody to guinea pig eosinophil major basic protein was used to determine whether M2 muscarinic receptor dysfunction, and the subsequent hyperresponsiveness, are due to antagonism of the M2 receptor by eosinophil major basic protein. Guinea pigs were sensitized, challenged with ovalbumin and hyperresponsiveness, and M2 receptor function tested 24 h later with the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine. Antigen-challenged guinea pigs were hyperresponsive to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves compared with controls. Likewise, loss of M2 receptor function was demonstrated since the agonist pilocarpine inhibited vagally-induced bronchoconstriction in control but not challenged animals. Pretreatment with rabbit antibody to guinea pig eosinophil major basic protein prevented hyperresponsiveness, and protected M2 receptor function in the antigen-challenged animals without inhibiting eosinophil accumulation in the lungs or around the nerves. Thus, hyperresponsiveness is a result of inhibition of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function by eosinophil major basic protein in antigen-challenged guinea pigs.
Risk for End-Stage Renal Disease Over 25 Years in the Population-Based WESDR Cohort
Authors: Tamara J. LeCaire, Barbara E.K. Klein, Kerri P. Howard, Kristine E. Lee, Ronald Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

In the population-based Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) cohort, we sought to examine whether a decline in the prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was evident with increasing calendar year of type 1 diabetes diagnosis among people followed for 25 years. Factors associated with the hazard of incident ESRD that may mediate a decline were also investigated.Participants were examined at baseline in 1980 (n = 996) and at 4-25 years of follow-up. ESRD was defined by self-reported renal transplant or dialysis. Cumulative incidence with competing risk of death was determined. Incident ESRD was modeled by period of diagnosis, adjusting for other known risk factors using discrete time hazard models.When diabetes was diagnosed during 1970-1980, the unadjusted cumulative incidence of ESRD at 25 years was 9.3%. The unadjusted hazard of ESRD was reduced by 70% (P < 0.001), compared with those diagnosed with diabetes in 1922-1969; however, the association was attenuated by glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, and antihypertensive use (hazard ratio [HR] 0.89 [95% CI 0.55-1.45]). HbA1c, age, and male sex remained associated with ESRD hazard after adjustment for kidney function and proliferative retinopathy.A lower incidence of ESRD among those more recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was explained by improvements in glycemic and blood pressure control over the last several decades. Intensive diabetes management, especially for glycemic control, remains important even in long-standing diabetes as it may delay the development of ESRD.
Aspirin 300 mg/day is effective for treating aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: S. Comert, E. Celebioglu, T. Yucel, T. Erdogan, G. Karakaya, M. Onerci, A. F. Kalyoncu
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Aspirin desensitization (AD) treatment at doses of up to 1300 mg/day improves outcomes in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of aspirin 300 mg/day in the treatment of patients with AERD.The study included 40 patients diagnosed in our clinic as AERD that were desensitized and treated with aspirin 300 mg/day between December 2005 and December 2012. Changes from the baseline status were analyzed at 1 year and at 3 years of follow-up.Of the 40 patients included, 24 (60%) were female and median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 45 (40-51) years. Median (IQR) duration of AD was 31.5 (10.5-48.5) months. In total, 29 patients continued treatment for at least 1 year and 18 patients for at least 3 years. The annual rate of use of systemic corticosteroid regimens, episodes of sinusitis, and surgery was significantly lower both at 1 year (P = 0.002, P = 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively) and at 3 years (P = 0.001, P = 0.03, and P = 0.002, respectively). Significant improvement was observed in the nasal congestion score (P = 0.01) and sense of smell score (P = 0.05) at 1 year and in the postnasal drainage score (P = 0.01) at 3 years.Daily treatment with aspirin 300 mg had beneficial effects in patients with AERD, especially for the control of upper airway disease.
Teaching Nursing Homes
Authors: Edward L. Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The demographic aspects of long-term care reflect the need for research and teaching related to the medical and social factors that lead to nursing-home admission and complicate the nursing-home stay. The number of residents in nursing homes in the United States has increased rapidly over recent years, reaching 1.3 million in 1978, and is projected to approach 2 million by the year 2000.1 This projected growth reflects the successful prevention and treatment of acute diseases, which have permitted more people to reach the eighth, ninth, and tenth decades of life, the years when chronic diseases take their toll.The successful . . .
Patterns of hospital medical staffing.
Authors: M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Nursing time must be allowed for cleaning and disinfecting sigmoidoscopes during a list, and more than one sigmoidoscope may be required.Nursing time is required for correctly maintaining sigmoidoscopes and disinfection equipment weekly to keep all equipment in good condition and prevent cross infection.Sigmoidoscopy can be performed by general practitioners, but they must recognise that it is costly with important health and safety aspects.
Enhancement of topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid delivery by erbium:YAG laser and microdermabrasion: a comparison with iontophoresis and electroporation
Authors: J-Y. Fang, W-R. Lee, S-C. Shen, Y-P. Fang, C-H. Hu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is used as a protoporphyrin IX-precursor for the photodynamic therapy of superficial skin cancer and cutaneous metastases of internal malignancies. However, the permeability of hydrophilic ALA across the skin is very low.The objective of this study was to optimize and enhance the in vitro skin permeation of ALA by two resurfacing techniques: erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Erb:YAG) laser and microdermabrasion. Light microscopic changes in pig skin caused by these techniques were also compared. The electrically assisted methods, iontophoresis and electroporation, were also used to facilitate ALA permeation across laser- or microdermabrasion-treated skin.Among the modalities tested in this study the Erb:YAG laser showed the greatest enhancement of ALA permeation. The laser fluence was found to play an important role in controlling the drug flux, producing enhancement ratios from 4-fold to 246-fold relative to the control. The skin permeation of ALA across microdermabrasion-treated skin was approximately 5-15-fold higher than that across intact skin. Both the ablated effect of the stratum corneum (SC) and ALA flux were proportional to the treatment duration of microdermabrasion. The application of iontophoresis or electroporation alone also increased the ALA permeation by approximately 15-fold and 2-fold, respectively. The incorporation of iontophoresis or electroporation with the resurfacing techniques caused a profound synergistic effect on ALA permeation.This basic study has encouraged the further investigation of ALA permeation by laser or microdermabrasion.
DNA repair polymorphisms and outcome of chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: D Bhatla, R B Gerbing, T A Alonzo, P A Mehta, K Deal, J Elliott, S Meshinchi, H Geiger, J P Perentesis, B J Lange, S M Davies
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
554 EX-VIVO RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2) IMPROVES MATURATION AND FUNCTION OF HBVSPECIFIC EFFECTOR T CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: C. Lawlor, M.S. Longhi, S. Bansal, F. Meda, M. Mytilinaiou, G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani, I. Carey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Lowering of interstitial fluid pressure will enhance edema in trachea of albumin-sensitized rats.
Authors: K Woie, E Westerberg, R K Reed
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) has recently been found to play an important role in edema formation in acute airway inflammation. Because airway inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of asthma, Pif was measured in rat trachea after albumin challenge to rats previously sensitized to chicken egg albumin. In pentobarbital anesthesia (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally) sensitized rats received an intravenous infusion of either saline or albumin, which circulated for 4 min. Circulatory arrest was then induced with saturated KCl intravenously to prevent further edema formation, which will increase Pif and thereby possibly cause an underestimation of an increased negativity of Pif. Pif was measured with sharpened glass capillaries (diameter 3-6 micrometer) connected to a servo-controlled counter pressure system. Pif was -1.3 +/- 0.4 mm Hg in controls and -5.8 +/- 0.5 mm Hg in sensitized rats (p < 0.01) after allergen challenge. Airway resistance was measured to verify the occurrence of airway narrowing and increased significantly in sensitized rats after allergen challenge but did not change in controls. The experimental anti-inflammatory drug, alpha-trinositol (D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate, 10 mg), given before or after allergen challenge abolished the increased negativity of Pif (p < 0.05), while hydrocortisone (6.25 mg) had no effect. Thus, allergen challenge is associated with a lowering of Pif, which was abolished by alpha-trinositol.
The Torch Is Passed
Authors: Harry S. Jonas
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Back in the 1950s when medical students chose obstetrics and gynecology as a specialty to pursue for residency, it was in part because it was considered a "happy" field of medicine. Patients were young and healthy; they approached parenthood happily, if naively; the outcome usually was joyful. The vigor and stamina of young physicians entering obstetrics was at its peak. The appeal of entering a satisfying career of helping young couples establish their families, followed by a transition of easing more into gynecology as the patient and the physician grew older together, also held a special attraction. What became of that idyllic if simplistic scenario? The Council on Long Range Planning and Development of the American Medical Association has boldly undertaken the task of analyzing the changing environment of medicine so that physicians might get a better perspective on the future and meet the challenge of inevitable change by the
Characterization of tissue factor expression on the human endothelial cell line ECV304
Authors: Chary López-Pedrera, Merce Jardí, Julia Inglés-Esteve, Pura Muñoz-Cánoves, Gabriel Dorado, Francisco Velasco, Jordi Félez
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

The endothelial cell line ECV304 is a spontaneously transformed cell line established from human umbilical vein. The characterization of tissue factor (TF) expression by ECV304 cells has been accomplished in this study. ECV304 cells expressed both TF mRNA and antigen (TFag) constitutively. In ECV304 cell lysates, the levels of TFag (1.4 ± 0.3 ng of TFag/106 cells) were considerably higher than in THP-1 monocytoid cells (0.07 ± 0.03 ng of TFag/106 cells). TFag was also detected on the ECV304 cell surface by flow cytometric studies. In binding analyses, 3.5 ± 0.7 × 104 molecules of TF per cell were estimated, similar to the amounts found in ECV304 cell lysates (2.9 ± 0.6 × 104 molecules/cell), suggesting that all TFag was translocated to the cell surface. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation of ECV304 cells resulted in an increase of TF mRNA levels, which was abrogated when gene transcription was impaired, suggesting a transcriptional regulation of the TF gene by PMA. In contrast, TFag was not elevated by PMA-stimulation, indicating the existence of additional posttranscriptional mechanisms. Thus, ECV304 cells constitute a singular endothelial cell model for exploring the regulation of TF expression. Am. J. Hematol. 56:71–78, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Screening for Developmental Defects
Authors: P. D. Hooper
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MBDIcanLJOURNAL 671 and other central teaching units, but is not always possible in the average district gen- eral hospital with which our article was mainly concerned.The great majority of children in hospital in Britain are not admitted to specialized teaching units but to district general hospi- tals, where shortage of nurses with specialist children's training is common, particularly at night.To state that it is "retrogressive" for children to be admitted to an all-age intensive therapy unit in these circum- stances is, I think, misleading, and shows a lack of appreciation of the difficulties under which many paediatric units in this country are working.Surely it is for each hospital to provide the best service possible for critically ill children in this category, depending upon availability of staff and facilities?The solu- tion to the problem basically depends upon the training of a greater number of nursing staff with specialist paediatric skills and their wide deployment throughout the country.Until this situation comes about, the trend towards the management of these children in a single all-age intensive ther- apy unit is likely to continue, and under these circumstances, it is of course, .mostimportant that the intensive therapy unit should be equipped and staffed with the care of child patients in mind.-Iam, etc.,
TCT-733 VARC Endpoint Definition Compliance Rates in Contemporary TAVI Studies
Authors: Magdalena Dorfmeister, darren mylotte, Ali Andalib, Pascal Thériault-Lauzier, Waleed Alharbi, Mina ˆ Girgis, Michael Chetrit, A. Pieter Kappetein, Rudiger Lange
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Sympathetic nervous system and pain: Phenomenological diversity
Authors: William J. Roberts
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

This commentary on blumberg et al. addresses complications associated with diagnostic testing for sympathetic dependence of pain that can lead to inappropriate positive and negative conclusions. In addition, it is suggested that their “ischemic” test be conceived as a test of the effect of local vascular pressure and that the two types of sensory disorders presented may differ primarily in the degree of sensitization of central pain pathways. Detailed reports with functionally-oriented testing like that done by blumberg are essential for an understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms.
Epigenetic Silencing of MicroRNA-203 Dysregulates ABL1 Expression and Drives <i>Helicobacter</i>-Associated Gastric Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Vanessa J. Craig, Sergio B. Cogliatti, Hubert Rehrauer, Thomas Wündisch, Anne Müller
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) develops in the chronically inflamed mucosa of patients infected with the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Here we use patient material, primary gastric lymphoma cell cultures, and a preclinical model of the disease to examine the role of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated posttranscriptional regulation—focusing in particular on miR-203 and its target ABL1—in gastric MALT lymphomagenesis. Microarray-based miRNA expression profiling revealed a strong downregulation of the putative tumor suppressor miRNA miR-203 in human MALT lymphoma samples, which resulted from extensive promoter hypermethylation of the miR-203 locus and coincided with the dysregulation of the miR-203 target ABL1 in lymphoma biopsies compared with matched adjacent normal material from the same patients. Treatment of lymphoma B cells with demethylating agents led to increased miR-203 expression and the concomitant downregulation of ABL1, confirming the epigenetic regulation of this miRNA. Ectopic reexpression of miR-203 by transfection of a human lymphoma cell line or lentiviral transduction of explanted primary MALT lymphoma cells was sufficient to prevent tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Similarly, the treatment of primary MALT lymphoma cells with the ABL inhibitors imatinib and dasatinib prevented tumor cell growth. Finally, we show that the treatment of tumor-bearing mice with imatinib induces MALT lymphoma regression in a preclinical model of the disease, implicating ABL1 in MALT lymphoma progression. In summary, our results show that the transformation from gastritis to MALT lymphoma is epigenetically regulated by miR-203 promoter methylation and identify ABL1 as a novel target for the treatment of this malignancy. Cancer Res; 71(10); 3616–24. ©2011 AACR.
The impact of diabetic retinopathy on long-term outcome following coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Takayuki Ono, Junjiro Kobayashi, Yoshikado Sasako, K.o Bando, Osamu Tagusari, Kazuo Niwaya, Hideaki Imanaka, Takeshi Nakatani, Soichiro Kitamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)