tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activation of the AXL kinase causes resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer
Authors: Zhenfeng Zhang, Jae Cheol Lee, Luping Lin, Victor Olivas, Valerie Au, Thomas LaFramboise, Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, Xiaoqi Wang, Alan D Levine, Jin Kyung Rho, Yun Jung Choi, Chang-Min Choi, Sang-We Kim, Se Jin Jang, Young Soo Park, Woo Sung Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Jung-Shin Lee, Vincent A Miller, Maria Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Philicia Moonsamy, Charles Sawyers, Titus J Boggon, Patrick C Ma, Carlota Costa, Miquel Taron, Rafael Rosell, Balazs Halmos, Trever G Bivona
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Obesity rates rise substantially worldwide
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The ability to synchronize movement to a steady beat is a fundamental skill underlying musical performance and has been studied for decades as a model of sensorimotor synchronization. Nevertheless, little is known about the neural correlates of individual differences in the ability to synchronize to a beat. In particular, links between auditory-motor synchronization ability and characteristics of the brain9s response to sound have not yet been explored. Given direct connections between the inferior colliculus (IC) and subcortical motor structures, we hypothesized that consistency of the neural response to sound within the IC is linked to the ability to tap consistently to a beat. Here, we show that adolescent humans who demonstrate less variability when tapping to a beat have auditory brainstem responses that are less variable as well. One of the sources of this enhanced consistency in subjects who can steadily tap to a beat may be decreased variability in the timing of the response, as these subjects also show greater between-trial phase-locking in the auditory brainstem response. Thus, musical training with a heavy emphasis on synchronization of movement to musical beats may improve auditory neural synchrony, potentially benefiting children with auditory-based language impairments characterized by excessively variable neural responses.
Prostaglandins and habitual abortion.
Authors: M Bodin
Journal: BMJ (1971)

suggest that from the standpoint of long- term forward planning it may be the correct one, and it is noteworthy that in my ex- perience visitors from other countries are usually full of admiration for the general standard of care offered to all psychiatric in- patients in Britain.You refer to the paper by Anthea M. Hailey2 based on the Camberwell Register.She states that the composition of the long- stay group which she studied is changing and that the group is being replaced in part by "a large number of psycho-geriatric patients."She adds: ". . .elderly patients contribute half the new long-stay build- up . .."Yet when Mrs. Hailey concludes by asking whether present trends of care are in the right direction you appear, in effect, to support the view that it is correct for increasing numbers of the elderly confused to be accommodated in mental hospitals.I would join issue with this implication.At another point in her paper Mrs. Hailey states that ". . .hospital policies differ and the constitution of a long-stay group at any one time depends both on this and on avail- ability of alternative services in the locality."This is indeed true and, for example, one cannot help but notice that in the general
Necrotising fasciitis Immediate surgical opinion is essential
Authors: R G Ward, H Cox, J A S Carruth, S R Williams, A P Brightwell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

built between the rider and the horse and the rider and the helper have, over the years, produced some remarkable achievements and added substantially to the quality of life for people with learning difficulties.Our 725 groups of members throughout Britain are keen to establish closer cooperation with the medical profession and would welcome visits from doctors so that they can show what they are achieving.Addresses of local groups may be obtained from our headquarters.
Precise Control of Cell Adhesion by Combination of Surface Chemistry and Soft Lithography
Authors: Wenfu Zheng, Wei Zhang, Xingyu Jiang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract The adhesion of cells on an extracellular matrix (ECM) (in vivo) or the surfaces of materials (in vitro) is a prerequisite for most cells to survive. The rapid growth of nano/microfabrication and biomaterial technologies has provided new materials with excellent surfaces with specific, desirable biological interactions with their surroundings. On one hand, the chemical and physical properties of material surfaces exert an extensive influence on cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. On the other hand, material surfaces are useful for fundamental cell biology research and tissue engineering. In this Review, an overview will be given of the chemical and physical properties of newly developed material surfaces and their biological effects, as well as soft lithographic techniques and their applications in cell biology research. Recent advances in the manipulation of cell adhesion by the combination of surface chemistry and soft lithography will also be highlighted.
P5-19-10: Correlation of Response of Weekly Paclitaxel and Paraplatin as First Line Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer with p53 Status.
Authors: W El-Sadda, M Magdy, I Abdel-Halim, A Abdel-Wahab
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Paclitaxel is one of the most active drugs in metastatic breast cancer. Weekly paclitaxel seems less toxic &amp; more efficient compared with paclitaxel every 3 weeks (possibly because of the proapoptotic and antiangiogenic activity), the dose intensity is quiet higher with tolerable toxicity. The sensitivity of tumors overexpressing p53 to paclitaxel is a matter of debate. The purpose of study is to evaluate weekly paclitaxel and paraplatin in patients with metastatic breast cancer in terms of response rate, toxicity profile, relation of response to p53 status, progression free survival &amp; overall survival. Patients &amp; Methods: Between September 2006 &amp; September 2008, 60 patients with measurable metastatic breast cancer after adjuvant anthracycline treatment, WHO PS &amp;lt;2, adequate renal, liver &amp; bone marrow function. Patients received no prior chemotherapy for metastasis. Pathology specimens were evaluated for p53 status by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All patients received weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 D1, D8, D15 (one hour IV infusion) and paraplatin AUC 5 D1 (IV infusion over half an hour) every 4 weeks for six cycles. Response was assessed every 2 cycles, patients showed an objective response (CR, PR or SD) had continued to 8 cycles. Results: All patients were evaluable for response, toxicity &amp; survival. Median age was 50 years range (42-64 years), median WHO PS 0. Main metastatic sites were lung 40%, liver 30%, LN 20%, Skin 12% &amp; bone 50%. Forty percent of patients had one metastatic site, 40% had 2 metastatic sites and 20% had &amp;gt; 2 metastatic sites. The total number of cycles delivered was 466 with a median of 7 cycles / patient with no dose reduction. The overall response rate was 65% (CR 25%, PR 40%), SD 27% &amp; PD 8%. Overexpression of p53 was found in 18 (30%) of the 60 studied patients, four of them showed only PR, compared to 30 patients having normal p53 status responded to treatment including 15 CRs. Overexpression of p53 had a significant negative impact on response to treatment (p=0.01). No grade 4 toxicity G2 anemia 15%, G3 neutropenia observed in 13.3%, G2 neuropathy occurred in 15%. Median time to progression &amp; median survival were 18.5 &amp; 28 months respectively. Conclusion: The overall response rate achieved with weekly paclitaxel plus paraplatin is among the highest in metastatic breast cancer. However, the poor response rate seen in patients with p53 overexpression suggests the use of other combinations that may help to improve the outcome. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-19-10.
Two patients with localized epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: diagnostic value of laser scanning confocal microscopy
Authors: K. Wozniak, C. Kowalewski, D. Rosinska-Borkowska, M. Ciupinska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Circumscribed skin lesions during the course of an autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease were originally described by Brunsting and Perry.1 In their cases blisters and erosions were predominantly localized on the upper part of the back and/or the head, healing with atrophic scars and milia. Further studies demonstrated that these patients had fulfilled the immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) criteria for cicatricial pemphigoid (CP).2 However, until now there have been only a few well‐documented reports on localized epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Four separate groups described four single patients presenting blisters localized exclusively to the face or scalp with immunological findings characteristic for EBA.3–6 In addition, there is one report on EBA limited to the mucous membrane of the oesophagus in a patient with Crohn disease.7 We describe two patients with a localized form of EBA who expand the clinical spectrum of this entity. Patient 1, an 8‐year‐old girl, presented with a 6‐month history of numerous vesiculobullous lesions localized symmetrically on the cheeks (Fig. 1a). Skin lesions healed with scars and formation of milia. Mucous membrane involvement was never observed. Direct immunofluorescence showed the presence of in vivo bound IgG and C3 linear deposits along the basement membrane zone (BMZ). An overlay antigen mapping study using laser scanning confocal microscopy (OAM‐LSCM) according to a previously described method was performed8 and showed the presence of in vivo bound IgG below the localization of collagen IV (Fig. 2a). Indirect immunofluorescence showed the presence of circulating antibodies directed against the BMZ which reacted with the dermal side of salt‐split skin. Immunoblotting showed reactivity of antibodies with a 290‐kDa protein in dermal extract. The bullous lesions responded well to dapsone 50 mg daily and prednisone 20 mg daily, healing with atrophic scars and numerous milia.
Note on the Practical Application of Sponge-Grafting
Authors: D. J. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1883)

complained in no way of the bowel, exept when constipated, when he also had a little pain at the upper part of the sacrum.There was no trace of recurrence anvwhere, but a little recontraction had taken place since last seen-in May.-The bowel, however, still adlmitted the index finger well beyond the narrow spot, and above this all was healthy.This case appears very encouraging, as showing, like many others recorded, in the first place, the possibility and (lesirabilit.y of an early diagnosis of cancer of the rectum; and in the next, the feasi- bility of its conmpletc removal with safety to the patient in properly selected cases.I have requested this patient to present himself occasionally at hospital for examination, and shall report fuirther as to his condition, bhoUild there be any recurrence.
The effect of the adoption of the Mediterranean diet on clinical and biochemical markers related to cardiovascular risk: the ATTICA study
Authors: Christos Pitsavos, Christine Chrysohoou, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, John Skoumas, Marina Toutouza, Akis Zeimbekis, Anastasia Katinioti, Nina Papaioannou, Spyros Vellias, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE KAHN TEST
Authors: JOHN E. WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The Kahn precipitation test has the obvious advantages of rapidity and economy. In my opinion, based on an experience extending over fifteen months, it is also characterized by technical stability and dependability to a degree not possessed by the Wassermann test. These technical considerations will most probably lead to the adoption of the Kahn test and the discontinuance of the Wassermann by an increasing number of laboratories, as has already been done by the U. S. Navy and the Michigan State Department of Health.  If this view is correct, there remains to be worked out more thoroughly the question of the significance of the Kahn test as an aid in the diagnosis of syphilis.  The ultimate solution cannot be expected by noting the degree of correspondence between any one Wassermann technic and the Kahn test, although this, unfortunately, is partly the method of this paper. Such data merely show that
Suicide gene-mediated ablation of tumor-initiating mouse pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Fei Chen, Bing Cai, Yong Gao, Xiaofeng Yuan, Fuyi Cheng, Tao Wang, Meihua Jiang, Yijia Zhou, Bruce T. Lahn, Weiqiang Li, Andy Peng Xiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Spontaneous Thrombosis of Axillary Vein
Authors: G. E. Ffrench
Journal: BMJ (1944)

MEDICAL JOURNALon two successive days, followed by eight daily injections of 150 mg.After five days without treatment a further injection of 200 mg.was given, followed by nine more, each of 300 mg., over a period of 14 days.A total dose of 4.3 g. was thus given in 39 days to a patient weighing 128 lb.As the preparation used was the relatively soluble isothionate, this would probably correspond to a dose of about 3 g. of the preparation given by Lawson (1942).The solutions were freshly prepared and the injections were given very slowly, as they were accompanied by distressing palpitation, a sense of pressure in the forehead, and itching of the skin.The blood pressure was taken on several occasions, and no fall was noticed after the injection.There was no thrombosis of veins or local reaction at the site of injection.The urine remained normal throughout the
Sclerosing cholangitis: A focus on secondary causes
Authors: Rupert Abdalian, Jenny E. Heathcote
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a disease that is morphologically similar to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) but that originates from a known pathological process. Its clinical and cholangiographic features may mimic PSC, yet its natural history may be more favorable if recognition is prompt and appropriate therapy is introduced. Thus, the diagnosis of PSC requires the exclusion of secondary causes of sclerosing cholangitis and recognition of associated conditions that may potentially imitate its classic cholangiographic features. Well-described causes of SSC include intraductal stone disease, surgical or blunt abdominal trauma, intra-arterial chemotherapy, and recurrent pancreatitis. However, a wide variety of other associations have been reported recently, including autoimmune pancreatitis, portal biliopathy, eosinophillic and/or mast cell cholangitis, hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, primary immune deficiency, and AIDS-related cholangiopathy. This article offers a comprehensive review of SSC.
F-18 FDG PET/CT as a Noninvasive Diagnostic and Follow-up Tool in Brown Tumors Due to Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Aurélie Hermoye, Jacques Malghem, Frédéric Lecouvet, Eric Goffin, Max Lonneux, Renaud Lhommel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report the case of a 47-year-old woman, who had hemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism and who developed progressive unbearable leg pain. Bone lesions suggestive of brown tumors were observed on initial x-ray examinations. This etiology was strengthened by PET/CT images showing F-18 FDG avid osteolytic lesions but no abnormal uptake suggestive of a primary neoplasm. The major metabolic regression of the lesions 6 months after total parathyroidectomy eventually confirmed the diagnosis. This case illustrates the potential usefulness of PET/CT in the noninvasive diagnosis and follow-up of brown tumors.
Detection of patent coronary bypass grafts by computed tomography. A preliminary report.
Authors: B H Brundage, M J Lipton, R J Herfkens, W H Berninger, R W Redington, K Chatterjee, E Carlsson
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Twenty-three coronary bypass graft patients were evaluated by a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) technique to determine graft patency. Four to six 4.8-second sequenced scans with a 1-second interscan interval were obtained in each patient during the hand injection of 25-30 ml of contrast medium in a peripheral vein. Patency of grafts was determined by a characteristic contrast enhancement. The CT technique correlated with angiographic assessment of graft patency in 59 of 62 grafts (95%). We conclude that this relatively noninvasive technique shows promise as a method for determining coronary bypass graft patency.
Influence of pregnancy, oophorectomy and contraceptive steroids on gall bladder concentrating function and hepatic bile flow in the cat.
Authors: G Radberg, J Svanvik
Journal: Gut (1986)

Pregnancy and contraceptive steroids are associated with a raised incidence of cholesterol gall stone disease. In pregnancy there is an increase in the size of the gall bladder. Investigation of hepatobiliary function in man and mammals has not established if the enlarged gall bladder is simply dilated, or if the absorptive capacity of the mucosa has changed. In the present study the concentrating function of the gall bladder and bile secretion from the liver were studied in pregnant animals, oophorectomised animals and animals treated for three months with contraceptive steroids. The effects of intravenous administration of prolactin, progesterone and oestrogen were studied in oophorectomised animals. It was found that the net rate of water absorption in the gall bladder of pregnant animals was doubled, while oophorectomy and contraceptive steroids did not affect this variable. The volume outflow of bile was enhanced in pregnant animals and in animals treated with contraceptive steroids. Intravenous infusions of prolactin, oestrogen or progesterone were found not to influence gall bladder concentrating function, nor hepatic bile secretion in oophorectomised animals.
FLOW REGULATOR FOR INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED FLUIDS
Authors: David Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The rapidity of infusion of parenterally administered fluids is controlled by means of an adjustable clamp attached to the compressible tubing through which the solution flows, and the flow rate is usually gaged by observation of the rate at which drops of the solution pass through a drip apparatus. With the conventional types of clamps in general use, rates of flow of more than about 40 or 50 drops per minute are readily attainable with the required degree of accuracy. However, at slower flow rates, a slight adjustment of the tubing clamp may make so great a difference in the rate at which solution passes through the drip apparatus that accurate regulation may be a tedious procedure. The slower the flow rate, the more difficult the regulation. Since rates of 30 drops per minute or less are sometimes necessary, for example in the intravenous administration of corticotropin, histamine, or arterenol,
The Chemistry of Heredity
Authors: C. Nash Herndon
Journal: JAMA (1960)

It is refreshing to encounter a monograph on biochemistry in which the descriptions are so lucid as to be not only comprehensible but also interesting to the nonspecialist. Dr. Zamenhof writes with a clarity of style that could well serve as a model for many who attempt to distill the essence of a highly technical and specialized area of scientific accomplishment for the benefit of those not closely associated with research in the specific field. He has succeeded in steering a middle course by avoiding the oversimplification of the popular presentation and the jungle of detail of the highly technical monograph. He approaches his problem by examining the requirements for a system capable of transmitting biological "information" from one generation to another. Specialists in biochemical genetics or in nucleic acid chemistry may criticize this monograph for its brevity. For every experiment chosen for mention in the text, there are dozens
Beta-adrenergic agonists regulate KCa channels in airway smooth muscle by cAMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Authors: H Kume, I P Hall, R J Washabau, K Takagi, M I Kotlikoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Stimulation of calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels in airway smooth muscle cells by phosphorylation-dependent and membrane-delimited, G protein actions has been reported (Kume, H. A. Takai, H. Tokuno, and T. Tomita. 1989. Nature [Lond.]. 341:152-154; Kume, H., M. P. Graziano, and M. I. Kotlikoff. 1992. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:11051-11055). We show that beta-adrenergic receptor/channel coupling is not affected by inhibition of endogenous ATP, and that activation of KCa channels is stimulated by both alpha S and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). PKA stimulated channel activity in a dose-dependent fashion with an EC50 of 0.12 U/ml and maximum stimulation of 7.38 +/- 2.04-fold. Application of alpha S to patches near maximally stimulated by PKA significantly increased channel activity to 15.1 +/- 3.65-fold above baseline, providing further evidence for dual regulatory mechanisms and suggesting that the stimulatory actions are independent. Analysis of channel open-time kinetics indicated that isoproterenol and alpha S stimulation of channel activity primarily increased the proportion of longer duration events, whereas PKA stimulation had little effect on the proportion of short and long duration events, but resulted in a significant increase in the duration of the long open-state. cAMP formation during equivalent relaxation of precontracted muscle strips by isoproterenol and forskolin resulted in significantly less cAMP formation by isoproterenol than by forskolin, suggesting that the degree of activation of PKA is not the only determinant of tissue relaxation. We conclude that beta-adrenergic stimulation of KCa channel activity and relaxation of tone in airway smooth muscle occurs, in part, by means independent of cyclic AMP formation.
Recent Developments in Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transduction
Authors: Gordon Daly, Yuti Chernajovsky
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Retroviral vectors are powerful tools for gene transfer for experimentation as well as for clinical applications. These vectors are devoid of viral genes, are nonimmunogenic, and insert the therapeutic gene in the host chromosome ensuring its transmission to daughter cells. However, despite the use of retroviral gene transfer in many gene therapy trials to date, significant limitations remain. An important concern that must be fully addressed before retroviral gene delivery can pass the trial stage is the potential generation of replication-competent virus (RCV) by recombination during packaging.
E-cigarette use doubles among US middle and high school students
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Use of electronic cigarettes by US middle and high school students more than doubled from 2011 to 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported.1

The CDC’s report says that the proportion of students in grades 6-12 who reported having ever used an e-cigarette rose from 3.3% in 2011 to 6.8% in 2012 (P<0.05).

The proportion who were current users (those who had used an e-cigarette on one or more days in the past month) rose from 1.1% to 2.1% (P<0.05).

The proportion of high school students who …
THE AFTER-CARE OF POLIOMYELITIS IN VERMONT
Authors: ROBERT W. LOVETT
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The history of the after-care of poliomyelitis in Vermont is of interest as it was the first state-wide work in this field undertaken anywhere in the country, and is today the most fully developed scheme for the aftercare of the disease on a state-wide scale which exists. There has been no attempt to make the present account a technical one. It is rather the object of this report to show how the plan of after-care now in operation in Vermont developed, what difficulties were encountered, and how they were met. In the years 1910, 1911, 1912 and 1913, cases of poliomyelitis were reported in Vermont, but in 1914 there occurred an epidemic of great severity, with a very high incidence across the northern half of the state, and from this epidemic 306 cases were reported. Undoubtedly, not all of the cases were reported; but of those that were, the mortality