tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Van Gogh: Meniere's Disease? Epilepsy? Psychosis?
Authors: Richard Jed Wyatt
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have discussed elsewhere the compelling evidence for a diagnosis of manic-depressive illness, including the nature of van Gogh's psychiatric symptoms (extreme mood changes, including long periods of despair and extended episodes of highly active, volatile and exalted states, altered sleep patterns, hyperreligiosity, extreme irritability, visual and auditory hallucinations, violence, agitation, and substance abuse), the age of onset of his symptoms, his premorbid personality, the episodic nature of his attacks, which were interspersed with long periods of highly lucid functioning, the lack of cognitive deterioration over time, the increasing severity of his mood swings, seasonal exacerbations in his symptoms and patterns of productivity, and his striking family history for suicide and psychiatric illness (his brother Theo suffered from recurrent depressions and became psychotic at the end of his life, his sister Wilhelmina spent 40 years in an insane asylum with a "chronic psychosis," and his younger brother
Responses of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius to stimulation of heart and lung receptors in the rat.
Authors: T Hines, G M Toney, S W Mifflin
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

To characterize central integration of reflex responses to stimulation of mechanically and chemically sensitive receptors in the heart and lung, male rats (350 to 425 g) were anesthetized (pentobarbital, 50 mg/kg IP) and paralyzed (gallamine triethiodide, 25 mg/kg IV) and then they underwent bilateral sinoaortic denervation. Extracellular activity of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was recorded in response to bolus intra-atrial saline (50, 100, 200, or 300 microL) or phenylbiguanide (PBG, 16 micrograms/kg in 100 microL) administered in random sequence. Changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean right atrial pressure, and right atrial systolic pressure (RASP) were measured as correlates of stimulus intensity, and heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were used to assess efferent reflex effects of cardiac and pulmonary receptor stimulation. NTS neurons with possible afferent input from stretch and chemically sensitive receptors were identified by an excitatory evoked response to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral vagus nerve (1 Hz, 500 microA, 1-millisecond duration). Thirty-eight vagus nerve-evoked NTS units with onset latencies of 25.3 +/- 0.9 milliseconds displayed excitatory or inhibitory responses to saline or PBG injections or to both interventions. Saline administration elicited volume-dependent transient increases in MAP and RASP, which were followed by reflex decreases in MAP, HR, and RSNA. PBG injections also evoked hypotension, bradycardia, and sympathoinhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
She Won't Look at Me
Authors: Michael Lotke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Early-onset hearing impairment is a common disability in the United States. Persons with hearing loss, whether they use American Sign Language or lip-read, must look at those with whom they are speaking. Lip reading is not a reliable method of communication for most deaf persons. Reading and writing also limit the amount of communication between health care providers and deaf patients. The best way to communicate with most deaf persons is through a qualified American Sign Language interpreter. This paper discusses communication with deaf persons and ways in which health care providers and hospitals can improve their interactions with deaf patients.
Asian families II: conditions that may be found in the children.
Authors: J Black
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Genetically determined conditionsBLOOD DISEASES c thalassaemia is widely distributed throughout the Indian sub- continent, particularly in the north, though it is not nearly so common as in the Mediterranean area.More cases of homozygous fi thalassaemia (thalassaemia major) are now seen in Pakistani families in London than in Greek, Cypriot, and Italian communities (for further discussion on ,3 thalassaemia see article No 5: Families from the Mediterranean and Aegean regions).Moslem parents have more difficulty in accepting the ideas of genetic advice, antenatal testing, and termination ofpregnancy than have parents from Mediterranean areas.
Open Letter to All Medical Computing Programs
Authors: E. R. Gabrieli
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> At the recent conference of the New York Academy of Sciences on "The Use of Data Mechanization and Computers in Medicine" substantial progress was reported by several lecturers. The currently available hardware seems adequate, the medical knowledge and software is rapidly developing. The aim of a national, and international health information network with supporting data banks, seems to be almost within reach. The great problem we are faced with is to maintain compatibility among the individual projects. Standardized criteria for diagnosis, uniform coding of therapeutic procedures, patient identification, compatible design of the data bank are some important considerations. Education of the health professionals to use the new technology, education of the public to eliminate the distrust of automation, and fear that privacy is in danger are equally critical issues. Coordinated planning is urgently needed. In order to facilitate communications in the area of planning, a full session
PROTOZOA IN THE URINARY TRACT
Authors: E. W. Ayer
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The pathogenicity of<i>Giardia</i>has always been a debatable question. Without citing any arguments, we record a case that would seem to prove that here at least it can be considered the causative agent of disease. Incidentally, as far as we have been able to determine, it is the first case recorded of<i>Giardia</i>in the kidney pelvis: <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> E. M. C., a white woman, aged 27, single, schoolteacher, a native of California, who came under observation, July 9, 1929, had suffered from amebiasis in 1923, diagnosed from a stool examination by Dr. Kofoid of the University of California Medical School. She was under treatment periodically for the next two years, therapy consisting of subcutaneous injection of some drug the name of which she never learned. At no time was there blood in the stool. In addition, she was told that the stool contained<i>Trichomonas</i>and<i>Giardia</i>; oral
Private Choices and Public Health: The AIDS Epidemic in an Economic Perspective
Authors: Robert M. Wachter
Journal: JAMA (1994)

An orthodoxy has crept into much of the medical, epidemiologic, and political thinking about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It goes something like this: people living with AIDS are not responsible for their affliction, anonymous testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should be vigorously promoted, more money should be spent on research, and AIDS education will have a profound impact on the course of the epidemic. Along comes this provocative book by two University of Chicago economists who, unencumbered by even the slightest baggage of this politically correct orthodoxy, analyze AIDS from a fresh, if disquieting, perspective: that of economics. For the unfamiliar, this is economics writ large—costs are not simply measured in dollars but include anything that decreases the value of an activity. For example, the cost of risky sex is lower than the cost of safe sex. Why? Because, all else being equal, people prefer the sexual
Monitoring of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia with frequent and rare patient‐specific <i>NPM1</i> mutations
Authors: Dana Dvorakova, Zdenek Racil, Ivana Jeziskova, Ivo Palasek, Marketa Protivankova, Martina Lengerova, Filip Razga, Jiri Mayer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Abstract Nucleophosmin ( NPM1 ) mutations in exon 12 are the most common genetic alternation in cytogenetically normal AML (CN‐AML). Although mutation types A, B, and D represent the majority of cases, rare mutation variants of the NPM1 gene in individual patients do occur. In this study, we have evaluated a novel, DNA‐based real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR) for the detection of three of the most commonly occurring mutations and for six rare patient‐specific mutation types, which represent 28% of all of the NPM1 mutations in our group of 25 CN‐AML patients. Furthermore, the prognostic relevance of NPM1 ‐based monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and in specific cell subsets (CD34 + , CD34 − , CD34 dim ) of BM were evaluated. In 80% of the evaluable patients, a molecular relapse preceded a hematological relapse. Moreover, in this subset of patients, the molecular relapse occurred at a median of 97 days before the hematological relapse. Our compartment analysis showed a strong correlation between BM and PB ( r = 0.907, P &lt; 0.001) as well as a high copy number of mutated NPM1 in CD34 + BM cells. In conclusion, we have demonstrated applicability of our presented RQ‐PCR method for a large percentage of mutated NPM1 patients with CN‐AML as well as the usefulness for long‐term follow‐up monitoring of MRD and the prediction of hematological relapse. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship Between Weight Change in Young Adulthood and the Risk of NIDDM: The Sotetsu Study
Authors: Yutaka Sakurai, Koji Teruya, Naoki Shimada, Kazuo Wakabayashi, Takashi Umeda, Satoshi Honjo, Isao Todoroki, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Takashi Muto, Masaru Sakurai, Kou Nakamura
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the independent effect of weight change in young adulthood on the risk of prevalent NIDDM among middle-aged Japanese men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control study was carried out in 895 male employees aged ≥ 30 years of a railway company located in the vicinity of Tokyo. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for prevalent diabetes in each category of weight change (obtained from subjects' medical records) in young adulthood and adulthood. Adjustment for current age, initial BMI, and weight change in each age stratum was performed by the Mantel-Haenszel method or multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Weight change between 20 years of age and the age at maximum weight was not associated with the risk of NIDDM. Weight gain between 20 and 25 years of age was significantly and positively associated with the risk of NIDDM (OR 3.87 for gains ≥ 10.0 kg, 2.53 for gains of 5.0–9.9%, and 3.73 for gains ≥ 10.0%). On the other hand, moderate weight gain after 30 years of age was significantly inversely associated with NIDDM (OR 0.44 for gains of 5.0–9.9 kg, 0.15 for gains of 10.0–19.9%, and 0.38 for gains of 20.0–29.9%). CONCLUSIONS Extreme weight gain between 20 and 25 years of age is a significant predictor of NIDDM, independent of current age, BMI at 20 years of age, and weight change within other age strata.
Local Delivery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Accelerates Reendothelialization and Attenuates Intimal Hyperplasia in Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Artery
Authors: Takayuki Asahara, Christophe Bauters, Christopher Pastore, Marianne Kearney, Susan Rossow, Stuart Bunting, Napoleone Ferrara, James F. Symes, Jeffrey M. Isner
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Most strategies designed to reduce restenosis by the use of pharmacological or biological reagents involve direct inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Alternatively, SMC proliferation might be indirectly inhibited if reendothelialization could be specifically facilitated at sites of balloon-induced arterial injury. Accordingly, we investigated the hypothesis that application of an endothelial cell (EC)-specific mitogen to a freshly denuded intimal surface could accelerate reendothelialization and thereby attenuate intimal hyperplasia. Methods and Results The left carotid artery of 31 Sprague-Dawley rats was subjected to balloon injury, after which 16 rats were treated with a 30-minute incubation with 100 μg of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an EC-specific mitogen. Control animals (n=15) received a 30-minute incubation with 0.9% saline. At 2 weeks after balloon injury, carotid artery reendothelialization was markedly superior in the VEGF-treated group compared with the control group (14.59±1.12 versus 7.96±0.51 mm 2 , P &lt;.0005). The extent of reendothelialization measured at 4 weeks after balloon injury remained superior for arteries treated with VEGF (18.04±0.90 mm 2 ) versus saline (13.42±0.84 mm 2 , P &lt;.005). Neointimal thickening was correspondingly attenuated to a statistically significant degree in arteries treated with VEGF versus the control group at both the 2-week and 4-week time points. Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) disclosed a threefold increase in PCNA-positive cells in the neointima of control arteries versus VEGF-treated arteries at 2 weeks after injury. Conclusions Application of VEGF, an EC-specific growth regulatory molecule, may be effectively used in vivo to promote reendothelialization and thereby indirectly attenuate neointimal thickening due to SMC proliferation.
Two Types of Intraventricular Pressure Difference in the Same Patient
Authors: ALLAN G. ADELMAN, E. DOUGLAS WIGLE
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Two types of intraventricular pressure difference were encountered in a single patient who presented with clinical evidence of obstruction to right ventricular outflow and nonobstructive cardiomyopathy of the left ventricle. On the basis of measurements of inflow tract pressure, the pressure difference in the right ventricle was demonstrated to be due to muscular subvalvular obstruction to right ventricular outflow, whereas the pressure difference in the left ventricle resulted from catheter entrapment in the myocardium. This combination of intraventricular pressure differences must be differentiated from the situation in muscular subaortic stenosis, in which biventricular obstruction to outflow occurs.
The Lasker Awards at Fifty
Authors: Michael E. DeBakey
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards, presented by the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation. Created to recognize outstanding contributions to the medical sciences, the Lasker Awards ceremony is an auspicious occasion in the career of every honoree awarded the Winged Victory statuette. In the keen vision of Mary Lasker, however, the prestige of winning was subordinated to her principal goal—fostering support for biomedical research. By establishing separate awards for basic research, clinical research, and public service, Mary Lasker sought to emphasize the social foundations of science, reasoning that the public, once aware of the benefits of medical research, would willingly and generously provide its financial support. Among the world's honors for research accomplishment, the Lasker Awards are the embodiment of the peer-review process. Juries charged with choosing the winners comprise preeminent scientists, many of whom have themselves received the Lasker Award and the
Bethanidine Sulfate— A New Antihypertensive Agent
Authors: Ray W. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Bethanidine sulfate, a new drug that inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, was administered alone or in combination with other antipressor agents to 23 hypertensive patients. Its antipressor potency, which was enhanced by concomitant oral administration of a diuretic, was comparable to that of guanethidine sulfate, which it resembles pharmacologically. Both agents produced orthostatic hypotensive symptoms, impotence, and failure of ejaculation. Unlike guanethidine, bethanidine did not cause troublesome diarrhea in any patient. The shorter onset and duration of action of bethanidine make it possible to minimize morning hypotension and afternoon hypertension by giving smaller doses at bedtime than at midday—a manipulation of dosage that is ineffective with guanethidine. While neither bethanidine nor guanethidine was shown to be clearly superior to the other, some patients tolerated one drug better than the other, and consequently it is useful to have both potent antipressor agents available.
Gavin Douglas Smillie
Authors: I S Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Consultant general and vascular surgeon and honorary clinical senior lecturer Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow, 1968-87 (b 1926; q Glasgow 1949; FRCS, FRCS Ed, FRCS Glas), died from Alzheimer's disease on 6 November 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Gavin was appointed to the Victoria Infirmary as surgical registrar in 1961 and senior registrar in 1963. He was awarded a travelling fellowship in the United States, where he trained in vascular surgery. After appointment as the first consultant vascular surgeon at the Victoria, he worked with the regional neurosurgical unit to develop carotid endarterectomy. He also contributed to the establishment of the intensive care unit. An accomplished painter, Gavin often used his artistic talents to illustrate operative notes. He also had short stories published under a pen name. Divorced from his first wife, he leaves his second wife, Elizabeth; two daughters; and a granddaughter.
SAT0597 Course and Outcome of Rehabilitation Care in Different Rheumatological Diagnosis Groups. A Descriptive Study using the Star-Etic Registry.
Authors: E. K. Lindqvist, A. Bremander, K. Hørslev-Petersen, M. Grotle, T. Vliet Vlieland
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> In rheumatology multidisciplinary team rehabilitation is common and can be practised in both inpatient and outpatient clinical settings. Studies on the outcomes of rehabilitation in rheumatic conditions are scarce, with most research being focused on rheumatoid arthritis. So far research describing and comparing the effect of rehabilitation in various diagnosis groups using a similar set of endpoint measures is missing. <h3>Objectives</h3> To describe the course and outcome of rehabilitation care in different rheumatological diagnosis groups. <h3>Methods</h3> Multicenter prospective observational study in 4 north European countries (18 study sites) including patients with various rheumatic diseases admitted for in- or outpatient multidisciplinary team rehabilitation. Assessments were done at admission and discharge and included pain, fatigue (numeric rating scales, NRS (0-10)), physical functioning (Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ (0-3)) and Quality of Life (EQ-5D (0-1)). In addition, at baseline sociodemographic and health characteristics were recorded. Moreover, the setting and duration of the rehabilitation were registered. Changes over time were analysed and are presented as mean change with 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on t-distribution. <h3>Results</h3> 1329 patients (Female (F) 944, mean age 57) were evaluated in the following diagnosis groups; Rheumatoid arthritis (n=442, F 337, mean age 58), Spondylarthropathies (n=326, F 174, mean age 50), systemic rheumatic diseases (n=120, F 102, mean age 58), unspecified arthritis (n=25, F 18, mean age 50), fibromyalgia/chronic pain (n=54, F 50, mean age 52), non inflammatory back pain (n=35, F 21, mean age 57) and osteoarthritis (n=129, F 115, mean age 62). 197 patients participated in rehabilitation post large joint surgery of which 181 (F 114, mean age 64) were diagnosed with osteoarthritis and the 16 (F 13, mean age 63) remaining patients had an inflammatory arthritis. In all diagnosis groups, patients improved significantly between baseline and the discharge with respect to pain, fatigue, HAQ and EQ-5D. The mean change in pain was -1,7 (CI -1,8; -1,6), in fatigue -1,6 (CI -1,7; -1,4), in HAQ -0,18 (CI -0,2; -0,15) and in EQ-5D 0,14 (CI 0,12; 0,16). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Using a standardized framework across diagnosis groups we were able to demonstrate improvement after rehabilitation, with overall similar improvements within 10 rheumatological diagnosis groups. The use of similar endpoint measures in national registries is advocated. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Synergism of thyroid hormone and high carbohydrate diet in the induction of lipogenic enzymes in the rat. Mechanisms and implications.
Authors: C N Mariash, F E Kaiser, H L Schwartz, H C Towle, J H Oppenheimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We have investigated the relationship between the administration of triiodothyronine (T3) and a high carbohydrate (CHO) fat-free diet in the induction of lipogenic enzymes in two rat tissues, liver, and fat. Male thyroidectomized rats were treated with graded daily doses of T3 and either supplemented with a high CHO diet or left on a regular diet. Enzymes studied included malic enzyme (ME), fatty acid synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. In the liver, all four lipogenic enzymes showed a synergistic response between T3 administration and high CHO feeding. In fat, ME also responded synergistically. The interaction was reflected in an increased sensitivity to T3. The dose of T3 required to achieve 50% maximal response was reduced three- to seven-fold by the high CHO diet. This phenomenon could not be attributed to a dietary-induced alteration either in T3 metabolism or in number or affinity of the T3-nuclear receptors. Moreover, studies of the relative rate of synthesis of ME suggested a simultaneous time of onset in the induction of ME, within 2 h after the application of either T3 or CHO. Thus, it is unlikely that either stimulus is secondary to the other. Since parallel experiments from this laboratory (Towle, Mariash, and Oppenheimer,1980.Changes in hepatic levels of messenger ribonucleic acid for malic enzyme during induction by thyroid hormone or diet. Biochemistry. 19: 579-585.) show that ME induction both by CHO and T3 is mediated by an increase in specific messenger RNA for ME, the interaction of T3 and the dietary factor occurs at a pretanslational level.
STAINING TOXOPLASMA GONDII WITH FLUORESCEIN-LABELLED ANTIBODY
Authors: Morris Goldman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Antitoxoplasma globulin was labelled with fluorescein and was used to stain Toxoplasma gondii organisms in smears of peritoneal exudate. The evidence indicates that this staining was due to an antigen-antibody reaction at the cellular level. Methods are presented for handling the organisms so that they can be stained over a period of several months. Some general characteristics of the antigen system involved are described.
Fibromyalgia in the workplace.
Authors: M Awerbuch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Matters arisingto the cervical roots occurs in rheumatoid arthritis and that this phenomenon is responsible for the diffuse axonal injury we observed in the cuneate fasciculi.We therefore argue that patients with rheumatoid arthritis should be stabilised in a neutral or slightly extended position to lessen spinal cord stretch and to prevent flexion- deformation injury to the neuraxis over a subluxed dens or other deforming mass.Furthermore, the unstretched spinal cord in the extended posture is more resilient to deformation injury than the stretched spinal cord in the flexed posture.
What do we mean by the term “inflammation”? A contemporary basic science update for sports medicine
Authors: A Scott, K M Khan, C R Roberts, J L Cook, V Duronio
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Most practicing sports medicine clinicians refer to the concept of "inflammation" many times a day when diagnosing and treating acute and overuse injuries. What is meant by this term? Is it a "good" or a "bad" process? The major advances in the understanding of inflammation in recent years are summarised, and some clinical implications of the contemporary model of inflammation are highlighted.