tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Muscle protein breakdown in liver cirrhosis and the role of altered carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Giulio Marchesini, Marco Zoli, Angela Angiolini, Cristina Dondi, Francesco B. Bianchi, Emilio Pisi
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

The rates of muscle protein breakdown, as estimated by the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine, were assessed in 30 cirrhotics and 15 controls on a strictly controlled diet. 3-Methylhistidine excretion was increased in cirrhotics irrespective of the etiology of the disease, and correlated with basal glucagon levels and with the insulin/glucagon ratio. In nine cirrhotics and nine age- and sex-matched controls, similar correlations were found between 3-methylhistidine and the areas under 24-hr glucagon or insulin/glucagon curves. A larger amount of 3-methylhistidine was excreted during the nighttime than during the daytime, when glucagon secretion was suppressed and the insulin/glucagon ratio was increased. It is concluded that muscle protein catabolism is increased in cirrhotics, possibly as a result of hyperglucagonemia or the reduced insulin/glucagon ratio. These data agree with the clinical observation of a progressive reduction in lean body mass which becomes evident in an advanced stage of the disease.
CATALASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN EPIDERMIS.
Authors: G. H. FINDLAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article CATALASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN EPIDERMIS. Get access G. H. FINDLAY G. H. FINDLAY Section of Dermatology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1963, Pages 326–330, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13569.x Published: 01 August 1963
Capillary Blood on Filter Paper for Determination of HbA1c by Ion Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Jan-Olof Jeppsson, Peter Jerntorp, Lars-Olof Almër, Ruth Persson, Göran Ekberg, Göran Sundkvist
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To facilitate HbA1c determination, we evaluated an HbA1c filter paper system enabling capillary blood sampling at home by the patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Capillary blood (two drops) was applied to a filter paper (HbA1c Via Post) and sent to the laboratory where a small disc was punched out on the filter paper. Hemoglobin was eluted from the disc in a buffer containing cysteine to eliminate the interfering glutathione adduct (HbA3) formed during storage. Analysis was performed by ion-exchange chromatography (Mono S, high-performance liquid chromatography), and the eluate was compared with hemolysate of venous blood from 41 patients. The stability of blood impregnated on filter paper was checked at different temperatures over different periods of time. RESULTS There was an excellent agreement (r = 0.99) between HbA1c values from capillary blood on filter paper and HbA1c values from venous blood. HbA1c values were constant when stored on filter paper for 5–7 days at 20–21°C (room temperature) or at 4–6°C (refrigerator) for 10 days as well as at −70°C for several months after blood sampling. A new chromatographic-interfering hemoglobin fraction both from venous and capillary samples was identified as free alpha-chain of hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS The HbA1c filter paper system enables capillary blood sampling at home, eliminates the need of vein puncture in children and adults, and provides the diabetologist with an HbA1c value when the patient visits the clinic without a need for a previsit phlebotomy.
Prophylactic 5-Fr pancreatic duct stents are superior to 3-Fr stents: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: E. Zolotarevsky, S. Fehmi, M. Anderson, P. Schoenfeld, B. Elmunzer, R. Kwon, C. Piraka, E.-J. Wamsteker, J. Scheiman, S. Korsnes, D. Normolle, H. Kim, G. Elta
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de E. Zolotarevsky et al., pp. 325Endoscopy 2011; 43(04): 463-463DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291798
Cutaneous ciliated cyst on the sole of the foot
Authors: A. Osada, N. Ohtake, M. Furue, K. Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Cutaneous ciliated cyst on the sole of the foot Get access A. Osada, A. Osada Department of Dermatology, Yamanashi Medical University, Tamaho, Yamanashi 409‐38, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Ohtake, N. Ohtake Department of Dermatology, Yamanashi Medical University, Tamaho, Yamanashi 409‐38, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Furue, M. Furue Department of Dermatology, Yamanashi Medical University, Tamaho, Yamanashi 409‐38, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Tamaki K. Tamaki Department of Dermatology, Yamanashi Medical University, Tamaho, Yamanashi 409‐38, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 3, 1 March 1995, Pages 488–490, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08698.x Published: 01 March 1995
Toxic Effects of Toluene
Authors: Charles M. Fischman, James R. Oster
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE INHALATION or sniffing of toluene-containing substances such as transmission fluid and paint thinners appears to have gained recent widespread popularity. The immediate effects reported by many sniffers are a transient state of euphoria, followed by a brief period of light-headedness. Some abusers claim to have lost consciousness. To our knowledge, only one article has reported the association between toluene inhalation and metabolic acidosis, and the findings were consistent with distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA).<sup>1</sup>Between 1975 and 1977, three toluene sniffers were admitted to Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, with severe acidemia. One patient required several readmissions when the acidosis recurred after repeated inhalation of toluene. We report the changes in acid-base equilibrium that occurred in these patients, including the finding on several occasions of high anion gap metabolic acidosis. <h3>Methods</h3> Venous blood samples were used to measure ketone bodies and the concentrations of lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate,
857 MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS (MDSCS) IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS AFTER 4 WEEKS OF PEG-INTERFERON
Authors: C.S. Lin, L.H. She, Z.B. Wu, X.H. Zhang, Z.X. Zhao, Z.L. Gao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
ACQUIRED SENSITIVITY TO SULFONAMIDE DRUGS
Authors: Jack Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1942)

With the growing use of sulfonamide drugs the problem of  to these drugs is taking on added importance. Besides the reactions which are known to occur one to two weeks following the institution of therapy there are also seen early reactions characterized by fever, chills, rash and pruritus within a few hours after the administration of these drugs and often in response to minute doses. Salvin 1 in 1937 reported a case of such  to sulfanilamide. In 1939 Thompson 2 described a similar response to sulfapyridine. And in 1940 Davidson and Bullowa 3 noted fever with chilliness, erythema, pruritus and conjunctival injection some hours after the administration of sulfamethylthiazole. As far as I am aware, such reaction has not previously been reported with sulfadiazine, presumably because this drug is the most recent addition to the group.  These reactions have been termed hypersensitivity or acquired sensitivity by most authors.
Pulsed dye laser treatment of telangiectasia after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast
Authors: S.W. Lanigan, T. Joannides
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Chronic radiodermatitis after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast is a common sequela of treatment and can be distressing for the patient. The skin is atrophic and shows prominent telangiectasia due to dilatation of a reduced or poorly supported skin vasculature. The pulsed dye laser (PDL) is an established treatment of cutaneous telangiectatic disorders including facial telangiectasia and spider naevi, and is safe and efficacious. Objectives To study the efficacy of the PDL in the treatment of postradiation telangiectasia of the breast or chest wall. Methods Prospective open study of the treatment of eight females with the Candela SPTL1B PDL. Subjective assessments of vessel clearance, adverse effects and patient questionnaires. Results All treated patients showed complete clearance of vessels. Two patients developed hypopigmentation. All patients reported a high degree of satisfaction with the treatment. Conclusions PDL therapy clears postirradiation telangiectasia of the breast and chest wall successfully with minimal adverse reactions, and can be recommended for patients distressed by this disorder.
THE PHYSICAL AND HYGIENIC CARE OF CHILDREN.
Authors: RANDOLPH FARIES
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The physical and hygienic care of children plays a most important part in the domain of medical science. At the present time more care is given to the mental development of children than to their physical education and hygienic surroundings. The cause for this seems to be due to the fact that teachers and parents know little or nothing about physiology, anatomy and hygiene. The knowledge of these subjects is very important and is especially needed by those who are interested and closely connected with pedagogy. If teachers and parents once recognized that as much, if not more, importance should be attached to the physical and hygienic welfare of children we should not see so many weak, delicate and deformed cases. It is pitiable that the physiques of thousands of children are absolutely neglected, especially when the medical man knows perfectly well that more care in this respect would make
P44 TUMORIGENIC POTENTIAL OF CANCER STEM CELLS (CSCS) ISOLATED FROM HUMAN CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA (CCA) SUBTYPES
Authors: A. Torrice, G. Carpino, A. Fraveto, A. Renzi, M.C. Bragazzi, F. Giuliante, A.M. Derose, V. Cardinale, R. Gentile, P. Onori, C. Napoletano, A. Franchitto, A. Cantafora, G. Grazi, G. D'Argenio, N. Caporaso, E. Gaudio, D. Alvaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A new cloning and expression system yields and validates TCRs from blood lymphocytes of patients with cancer within 10 days
Authors: Eiji Kobayashi, Eishiro Mizukoshi, Hiroyuki Kishi, Tatsuhiko Ozawa, Hiroshi Hamana, Terumi Nagai, Hidetoshi Nakagawa, Aishun Jin, Shuichi Kaneko, Atsushi Muraguchi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Augmented efficacy with the combination of blockade of the Notch-1 pathway, bortezomib and romidepsin in a murine MT-1 adult T-cell leukemia model
Authors: P Yu, M N Petrus, W Ju, M Zhang, K C Conlon, M Nakagawa, M Maeda, R N Bamford, T A Waldmann
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
P561 BIOMARKER DISCOVERY USING ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUADRUPOLE TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY IDENTIFIES DIAGNOSTIC URINARY METABOLIC PANELS FOR HCC IN AFRICANS
Authors: N.G. Ladep, M. Lewis, M. Gomez-Romero, M. Lemoine, E. Okeke, R. Njie, E. Banwat, H. Fye, S.A. Khan, D. Garside, M. Crossey, Y. Fiyaktu, D. Mary, M. Thursz, E. Holmes, S.D. Taylor-Robinson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Macrophage stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. II. Evidence for differentiation signals delivered by lipid A and by a protein rich fraction of lipopolysaccharides.
Authors: W F Doe, S T Yang, D C Morrison, S J Betz, P M Henson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Stimulation of macrophages to lyse tumor cells is a property common to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from a variety of smooth and rough bacterial strains by several different preparative procedures. The relationship between macrophage stimulation and the structural characteristics of LPS is defined. In protein-free LPS, lipid A bears the stimulatory signal which results in the differentiation of elicited macrophages into killer cells. The polysaccharide moiety is neither stimulatory itself nor does it block the activity of complete LPS on macrophages. Extraction of LPS by the butanol or Boivin procedures produces preparations in which LPS is complexed through its lipid A moiety to a protein rich component, LAP. Isolated LAP delivers a macrophage differentiation signal which is independent of lipid A. The presence of these two structurally distinct constituents in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria broadens the biological environments in which they can stimulate macrophages in vivo.
Iloprost improves endothelial barrier function in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury
Authors: Anna A. Birukova, Tinghuai Wu, Yufeng Tian, Angelo Meliton, Nicolene Sarich, Xinyong Tian, Alan Leff, Konstantin G. Birukov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The protective effects of prostacyclin and its stable analogue iloprost are mediated by elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) leading to enhancement of the peripheral actin cytoskeleton and cell–cell adhesive structures. This study tested the hypothesis that iloprost may exhibit protective effects against lung injury and endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Endothelial barrier dysfunction was assessed by measurements of transendothelial permeability, morphologically and by analysis of LPS-activated inflammatory signalling. In vivo , C57BL/6J mice were challenged with LPS with or without iloprost or 8-bromoadenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (Br-cAMP) treatment. Lung injury was monitored by measurements of bronchoalveolar lavage protein content, cell count and Evans blue extravasation. Iloprost and Br-cAMP attenuated the disruption of the endothelial monolayer, and suppressed the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, Rho signalling, intercellular adhesion molecular (ICAM)-1 expression and neutrophil migration after LPS challenge. In vivo , iloprost was effective against LPS-induced protein and neutrophil accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced myeloperoxidase activation, ICAM-1 expression and Evans blue extravasation in the lungs. Inhibition of Rac activity abolished the barrier-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of iloprost and Br-cAMP. Iloprost-induced elevation of intracellular cAMP triggers Rac signalling, which attenuates LPS-induced NF-κB and p38 MAPK inflammatory pathways and the Rho-dependent mechanism of endothelial permeability.
Effective, safe, practical and affordable periodontal antimicrobial therapy: where are we going, and are we there yet?
Authors: JØRGEN SLOTS, MICHAEL G. JORGENSEN
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2002)

Several important trends are noticeable in the management of periodontal disease. Searching for specific risk factors for periodontal disease permits therapy planning with the intention of doing less for low-risk patients and increasing the preventive and therapeutic modalities for high-risk patients. Also, significant progress in the area of chemotherapeutic development enables dentists to increase the number of periodontitis patients receiving nondisruptive antimicrobial therapy and decreases the need for surgical treatment. Use of anti-infective chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents has become a specialized and increasingly effective means of preventing and treating destructive periodontal disease. Local care, including subgingival application of some type of antiseptics, is widely accepted. The use of systemic antibiotics is not routine and should be reserved for aggressive and refractory periodontal infections. In general, it is better to be thoroughly familiar with a limited number of drugs and treatment methods and use them properly than to try to master a plethora of antimicrobial therapies. Combating periodontal infections is best accomplished by combined mechanical and chemotherapeutic efforts of the dental professional and the patient. The trend during recent years has been to treat periodontal infections aggressively, employing short-course antimicrobial therapy using a battery of safe and affordable antimicrobial agents, each exhibiting high activity against various periodontal pathogens and administered in ways to concurrently affect pathogens residing in different oral ecological niches, followed by regular maintenance visits having a strong anti-infective emphasis. At the beginning of therapy, patients should be assigned self-help tasks having maximal antimicrobial effectiveness, with a focus on control of the subgingival periodontopathic microbiota. When patients see positive clinical results from their daily oral hygiene efforts, they are motivated to remain active participants in managing their periodontal condition. This article emphasizes anti-infective periodontal therapies that are effective and, when properly administered, are essentially nontoxic; are widely available around the world to dentists as well as to patients; and are acceptable to most patients in terms of methods of application, supporting oral hygiene efforts and financial costs. We believe that, with improved knowledge of the periodontopathic microbiota, with the availability of microbiological tests to identify periodontal pathogens and optimal therapy, with various safe and affordable yet effective antimicrobial agents and therapies and, eventually, with the development of one or more effective vaccines, the future looks very bright for patients at risk for or suffering from destructive periodontal disease.
Osteopontin mRNA is expressed by smooth muscle-derived foam cells in human atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta.
Authors: T Ikeda, T Shirasawa, Y Esaki, S Yoshiki, K Hirokawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Osteopontin is a phosphorylated, sialic acid-rich, noncollagenous bone matrix protein containing the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser amino acid sequence responsible for cell adhesion. The protein strongly binds to hydroxyapatite and play an important role in calcification. Expression of osteopontin mRNA was analyzed in human aortic atherosclerotic lesion by Northern blot hybridization, as well as by in situ hybridization. The expression of osteopontin mRNA was detected in 24 out of 25 samples of aorta obtained from 17 autopsy cases, but not in one normal aortic sample. The magnitude of expression was proportional to the stage of atherosclerosis. In situ hybridization revealed that the cells expressing osteopontin mRNA were detected in the wall surrounding atheroma and closely associated with calcification. They were morphologically identified as foam cells and immunohistologically positive with HHF35, appearing to be derived from smooth muscle cells. These findings have suggested that smooth muscle cell-derived foam cells express osteopontin mRNA and play an important role in calcification of the atherosclerotic lesions.
Human FcγRIIA induces anaphylactic and allergic reactions
Authors: Friederike Jönsson, David A. Mancardi, Wei Zhao, Yoshihiro Kita, Bruno Iannascoli, Huot Khun, Nico van Rooijen, Takao Shimizu, Lawrence B. Schwartz, Marc Daëron, Pierre Bruhns
Journal: Blood (2011)
Increased Hepatocyte Permeability Surface Area Product for <sup>86</sup> Rb With Increase in Blood Flow
Authors: Carl A. Goresky, André Simard, Andreas J. Schwab
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Liver cell recruitment (the equivalent of capillary recruitment in other organs) was explored by carrying out multiple indicator dilution experiments with labeled rubidium across the liver of the anesthetized dog under basal conditions and after bleeding with saline replacement infusion, which increases liver blood flow. A mixture of 51 Cr-labeled red blood cells (a vascular reference), 22 Na (which immediately equilibrates in the extracellular space, the sum of the sinusoidal plasma and Disse or interstitial spaces, the expected distribution space for labeled rubidium in the absence of cellular entry), and 86 Rb was injected into the portal vein, and normalized outflow patterns, expressed as outflowing fractions of each injected tracer per milliliter versus time, were obtained. In relation to the labeled red blood cell curve, the labeled sodium curve is displaced by flow-limited distribution into the Disse or interstitial space; it is lower on the upslope, reaches a lower and delayed peak, and decays more slowly. The early part of the labeled rubidium curve lies within the labeled sodium curve; it reaches a much reduced peak, and the later return of tracer entering cells is so slow that it is obscured by recirculation. Modeling of the concentrative cellular uptake of rubidium from the Disse space provided an influx permeability surface area product for labeled rubidium. This increases with flow over the observed flow range, demonstrating that sinusoidal recruitment occurs with increase in hepatic blood flow.
Shortage of Physicians
Authors: John T. Flynn
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Bornemeier's EDITORIAL, "The Physician Shortage, 1972" (224:1033, 1973), does not discuss the difficulty of defining the term "shortage." In the following situations, how does one define "shortage"? A hospital resident accumulates red eyes and chronic fatigue on an 80-hour/week duty schedule; the day after his residency ends, he finds that his income in private practice will in large part depend, not on caring for sick people, but on examining basically healthy people because they continue to be employed and can, therefore, afford his fees. After completing a busy hematology fellowship, the brand-new specialist finds that patients with blood problems are insufficient in numbers to pay his office rent. The fledgling practitioner sits idly in his new office, while an older colleague in the same building can spare only scant minutes for each of the many patients who clamor for his attention. An 80-year-old hemiplegic patient, of
ACCELERATED DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: FEASIBILITY AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE COMPARED TO STANDARD DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Akif A. Mohammed, Ali Shafiq, Sabha Bhatti, Hardik Bhansali, Kiran Garikapati, Karthikeyan Ananthasubramaniam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A Maximum-Likelihood Approach to Fitting Equilibrium Models of Microsatellite Evolution
Authors: Richard M. Sibly, John C. Whittaker, Melanie Talbot
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Here, we develop a new approach to Markov chain modeling of microsatellite evolution through polymerase slippage and introduce new models: a “constant-slippage-rate” model, in which there is no dependence of slippage rate on microsatellite length, as envisaged by Moran; and a “linear-with-constant” model, in which slippage rate increases linearly with microsatellite length, but the line of best fit is not constrained to go through the origin. We show how these and a linear no-constant model can be fitted to data hierarchically using maximum likelihood. This has advantages over previous methods in allowing statistical comparisons between models. When applied to a previously analyzed data set, the method allowed us to statistically establish that slippage rate increases with microsatellite length for dinucleotide microsatellites in humans, mice, and fruit flies, and suggested that no slippage occurs in very short microsatellites of one to four repeats. The suggestion that slippage rates are zero or close to zero for very short microsatellites of one to four repeats has important implications for understanding the mechanism of polymerase slippage.