tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Periodic Health Examination Provided to Asymptomatic Older Women: An Assessment Using Standardized Patients
Authors: Patricia A. Carney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objectives: To describe physical examination and cancer prevention services provided by primary care physicians in response to the request for a checkup by an asymptomatic 55-year-old woman seeking to establish ongoing care; to assess the effects of two interventions (education and office organization) intended to improve these services; and to assess the feasibility of using standardized patients to evaluate physician responses to such a request. Setting: Northern New England. Participants: Fifty-nine primary care physicians who were accepting new patients and were participating in a study of early detection and prevention of cancer. Design: Cross sectional; observations of patient visits. Interventions: Actresses trained to portray a specific patient role (standardized or simulated patients) visited each physician once. Physicians were blinded to the simulated patients' true identities. Measurements: Actresses reported the components of the general physical examination and the cancer-related checkup. Most interactions were audiotaped. Results: Fourteen physical examination components were measured, ranging from assessment of vibratory sense (5%) to measurement of blood pressure (98%). Provision of 10 services recommended by the National Cancer Institute to standardized patients included 16% being advised to reduce dietary fat; 53% to do monthly breast self-examination; 74% to quit smoking; and 89% to obtain a mammogram. Physicians spent from 5 to 60 minutes with the patients. Two physicians did not charge, whereas others charged from $24 to $108. Study group assignment was not associated with statistical differences in provider performance. Two standardized patients (3%) were detected by physicians. Audiotapes were used to verify the actresses' ability to replicate their scenario (consistently repeat their performance) and to verify physician performance. Conclusions: Physician responses to an identical patient request varied widely in terms of time spent with the patient, the services provided, and the cost of the visit. Using standardized patients is a feasible method for assessing physician performance of the periodic health examination while controlling for case mix.
Sterilization of Endoscopic Instruments—Reply
Authors: William A. Rutala, David J. Weber
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN RELATION TO THE SUPRARENAL GLAND
Authors: David Perla, J. Marmorston-Gottesman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

In a large series of suprarenalectomized rats, hemolysin formation, to a fixed amount of sheep cells injected intraperitoneally (1 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension), was studied 48 hours, 7, 14 and 28 days after operation. The hemolysin formation was studied in suprarenalectomized rats injected 2 weeks following the operation, with one-twentieth and ten times this amount. Hemolysin formation in rats traumatized by tearing the perisuprarenal tissue and injected 2 weeks after the operation with 1 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension of sheep cells was studied and the results compared with those in the normal control rats. The effect of the operative procedure was controlled by removing one kidney in a series of rats and determining the antibody response to sheep cells. 1. Bilateral suprarenalectomy in rats subsequently injected intraperitoneally with 1 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension of sheep cells resulted in a depression of hemolysin titer during 5 weeks following the operation, the depression being most marked during the 1st week. 2. Bilaterally suprarenalectomized rats injected intraperitoneally 2 weeks after operation with 1 cc. of undiluted sheep cells gave hemolysin titers higher than did normal rats. 3. The quantity of antigen necessary to yield the maximum titer in suprarenalectomized rats 2 weeks after operation is ten times the quantity necessary to yield the same titer in normal rats. 4. Traumatization of the perisuprarenal tissue in rats produced the same effect on the antibody-forming capacity as suprarenalectomy.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) proviral load and disease progression in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers: a nationwide prospective study in Japan
Authors: Masako Iwanaga, Toshiki Watanabe, Atae Utsunomiya, Akihiko Okayama, Kaoru Uchimaru, Ki-Ryang Koh, Masao Ogata, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Yasuko Sagara, Kimiharu Uozumi, Manabu Mochizuki, Kunihiro Tsukasaki, Yoshio Saburi, Masaomi Yamamura, Junji Tanaka, Yukiyoshi Moriuchi, Shigeo Hino, Shimeru Kamihira, Kazunari Yamaguchi
Journal: Blood (2010)
Vaccine-Acquired Poliomyelitis in An Unvaccinated Mother
Authors: Edward B. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The paper, "Vaccine-Acquired Paralytic Poliomyelitis in an Unvaccinated Mother" (<b>197</b>:1034, 1966), has some disturbing implications, medicolegal applications which may be unfortunate, and certain defects of factual information on which conclusions are based. This report of a single case describes a paralytic illness involving, to a variable extent, all four extremities of a 43-year-old mother whose infant had been given trivalent, live oral poliovirus vaccine 22 days before the onset of her symptoms. The course of disease was compatible with the diagnosis of poliomyelitis, type II virus was isolated from the patient's stool specimens, and her antibodies against type II virus rose from 1:20 on the ninth day of disease to 1:80 on the 32nd day. The clinical picture is similar to poliomyelitis in many respects and naturally caused suspicion that exposure to the vaccinated child might have been the source of infection. Identification of the virus
Presence, introduction and removal of mutagenic activity during the preparation of drinking water in the Netherlands.
Authors: H J Kool, C F van Kreijl, E de Greef, H J van Kranen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

A survey of the presence of mutagenic activity in drinking water of 18 cities in the Netherlands revealed that in drinking water of 13 cities mutagenic activity could be demonstrated. The activity was detected in the Ames test after concentrating the organic mutagens with a XAD-4/8 procedure. Dose-related responses were observed with concentrates corresponding to 0.5 to 3.0 liters of drinking water. A study of the changes in mutagenic activity during the preparation of drinking water in a few waterworks showed that breakpoint chlorination, transport chlorination and post chlorination increased the mutagenic activity, while ozonation only reduced the activity with metabolic activation. When adsorption on activated carbon powder was used, a certain reduction of mutagenic activity was observed. The use of activated carbon filters, however, removed the activity completely. The majority of organic mutagens present in drinking water concentrates were shown to be nonvolatile and relatively stable and probably consist of compounds with a molecular weight in the order of 200. These mutagens are not identical to the organics identified up till now in drinking water by standard gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Finally, a group of organic mutagens, which adsorbs only at pH 2-3 on XAD-4/8 (acid fraction), could be demonstrated in Ames-positive drinking waters.
The Relationship between Alexithymia and Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Newly Abstinent Alcoholic Inpatients
Authors: Mark G. Haviland, James P. MacMurray, Michael A. Cummings
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

The purpose of this investigation was to measure alexithymia in 90 newly abstinent alcoholism treatment candidates and to examine the relationship between alexithymia and depressive symptoms. Subjects completed the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale (SSPS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the time of application for care. The correlation between subjects' SSPS scores and their BDI scores was statistically significant (r = -0.398; p less than 0.001). Study participants with high BDI scores tended to be 'more alexithymic' than were those with low BDI scores. The authors conclude that alexithymia may serve as a defensive operation for alcoholic patients denying painful affect.
Consistent Pulmonary and Systemic Responses from Inhalation of Fine Concentrated Ambient Particles: Roles of Rat Strains Used and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Urmila P. Kodavanti, Mette C. Schladweiler, Allen D. Ledbetter, John K. McGee, Leon Walsh, Peter S. Gilmour, Jerry W. Highfill, David Davies, Kent E. Pinkerton, Judy H. Richards, Kay Crissman, Debora Andrews, Daniel L. Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Several studies have reported health effects of concentrated ambient particles (CAP) in rodents and humans; however, toxicity end points in rodents have provided inconsistent results. In 2000 we conducted six 1-day exposure studies where spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were exposed to filtered air or CAPs (< or = 2.5 microm, 1,138-1,765 microg/m3) for 4 hr (analyzed 1-3 hr afterward). In seven 2-day exposure studies in 2001, SH and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to filtered air or CAP (< or = 2.5 microm, 144-2,758 microg/m3) for 4 hr/day times 2 days (analyzed 1 day afterward). Despite consistent and high CAP concentrations in the 1-day exposure studies, no biologic effects were noted. The exposure concentrations varied among the seven 2-day exposure studies. Except in the first study when CAP concentration was highest, lavageable total cells and macrophages decreased and neutrophils increased in WKY rats. SH rats demonstrated a consistent increase of lavage fluid gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and plasma fibrinogen. Inspiratory and expiratory times increased in SH but not in WKY rats. Significant correlations were found between CAP mass (microgram per cubic meter) and sulfate, organic carbon, or zinc. No biologic effects correlated with CAP mass. Despite low chamber mass in the last six of seven 2-day exposure studies, the levels of zinc, copper, and aluminum were enriched severalfold, and organic carbon was increased to some extent when expressed per milligram of CAP. Biologic effects were evident in those six studies. These studies demonstrate a pattern of rat strain-specific pulmonary and systemic effects that are not linked to high mass but appear to be dependent on CAP chemical composition.
Cancers with increasing incidence trends in the United States: 1999 through 2008
Authors: Edgar P. Simard, Elizabeth M. Ward, Rebecca Siegel, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2012)

Abstract Despite declines in incidence rates for the most common cancers, the incidence of several cancers has increased in the past decade, including cancers of the pancreas, liver, thyroid, and kidney and melanoma of the skin, as well as esophageal adenocarcinoma and certain subsites of oropharyngeal cancer associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Population‐based incidence data compiled by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries were used to examine trends in incidence rates from 1999 through 2008 for the 7 cancers listed by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, and stage at diagnosis. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate average annual percent changes in incidence rates (1999‐2008). Rates for HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, cancer of the pancreas, and melanoma of the skin increased only in whites, except for esophageal adenocarcinoma, which also increased in Hispanic men. Liver cancer rates increased in white, black, and Hispanic men and in black women only. In contrast, incidence rates for thyroid and kidney cancers increased in all racial/ethnic groups, except American Indian/Alaska Native men. Increases in incidence rates by age were steepest for liver and HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancers among those aged 54 to 64 years and for melanoma of the skin in those aged 65 years and older. Notably, for HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer in men and thyroid cancer in women, incidence rates were higher in those aged 55 to 64 years than in those aged 65 years and older. Rates increased for both local and advanced stage diseases for most cancer sites. The reasons for these increasing trends are not entirely known. Part of the increase (for esophageal adenocarcinoma and cancers of the pancreas, liver, and kidney) may be linked to the increasing prevalence of obesity as well as increases in early detection practices for some cancers. These rising trends will exacerbate the growing cancer burden associated with population expansion and aging. Additional research is needed to determine the underlying reasons for these increasing trends. CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Therapeutic RNA manipulation in liver disease
Authors: Thomas A. Kerr, Nicholas O. Davidson
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression is increasingly recognized as a model for inherited and acquired disease. Recent work has expanded understanding of the range of mechanisms that regulate several of these distinct steps, including messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing, trafficking, and/or stability. Each of these pathways is implicated in disease pathogenesis, and each represents important avenues for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes important mechanisms controlling mRNA processing and the regulation of mRNA degradation, including the role of microRNAs and RNA binding proteins. These pathways provide important opportunities for therapeutic targeting directed at splicing and degradation in order to attenuate genetic defects in RNA metabolism. We will highlight developments in vector development and validation for therapeutic manipulation of mRNA expression with a focus on potential applications in metabolic and immunomediated liver disease.
RUPTURE OF AN AORTIC ANEURYSM INTO THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
Authors: William N. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Marsh 23, 1922, I was called to see a white man, aged 55, who presented such a unique group of physical signs that I deem them of enough significance to report. This case is not at all new, for many such have been described previously. On a hunting trip, six months before, the patient had a cold followed by a cough, with considerable chest pain. Following his outing he felt weak and was easily exhausted, and the cough persisted. Since this time he had noticed some dyspnea on exertion, but had been able to carry on his work as a barber without any great difficulty, until five days before I saw him, when he was awakened suddenly at night with orthopnea. The following morning he noticed that his face was badly swollen and his skin was blue. These conditions had persisted, so that he was compelled to stay up; for
Dr Harold Twiston Davies
Authors: Patrick Hall-Smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Dr Harold Twiston Davies Get access Patrick Hall‐Smith Patrick Hall‐Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 2, 1 February 1991, Page 207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00436.x Published: 01 February 1991
Treatment Satisfaction With Inhaled Insulin in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Robert A. Gerber, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Ione A. Kourides, Robert A. Gelfand
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—In patients with type 1 diabetes, glycemic control can be achieved as effectively with an inhaled insulin regimen, comprising preprandial inhaled intrapulmonary insulin plus a bedtime ultralente injection, as with a conventional subcutaneous insulin regimen involving two to three injections per day. Our objective was to compare patient satisfaction between inhaled insulin and subcutaneous insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects with type 1 diabetes participated in a 12-week open-label trial and were randomized to either an inhaled insulin regimen or a subcutaneous insulin regimen. Subjects (n = 69) were asked to complete a 15-item self-administered satisfaction questionnaire, the Patient Satisfaction with Insulin Therapy (PSIT) Questionnaire, at baseline and week 12. Outcomes included mean percentage changes in global (overall) satisfaction and two subscales: convenience/ease of use and social comfort. RESULTS—The mean percentage improvement in overall satisfaction with inhaled insulin (35.1%, 95% CI 18.0–52.2) was greater than with subcutaneous insulin (10.6%, 4.7–16.5) (P &amp;lt; 0.01), as was the improvement in convenience/ease of use: inhaled insulin 41.3% (22.9–59.6) versus subcutaneous insulin 11.2% (4.1–18.3; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Improvement in social comfort was greater with inhaled insulin but was not statistically significant. The 12-week change in HbA1c was associated with improved overall satisfaction (r = −0.27, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS—Inhaled insulin may offer the first practical, noninvasive alternative to insulin injections. For patients with type 1 diabetes, inhaled insulin maintains glycemic control and provides greater overall satisfaction and convenience/ease of use than subcutaneous insulin.
Practical advice for the gastroenterologist dealing with symptomatic HIV disease.
Authors: B G Gazzard
Journal: Gut (1990)

Leading articlePractical advice for the gastroenterologist dealing with symptomatic HIV disease Government estimates for the likely scale of the HIV epidemic by the early 1990s have been revised downwards recently and the Cox Report' showed that 75% of all patients with HIV reside within the four Thames health regions.Nevertheless, patients with HIV related symptoms may present throughout the country.
Pancreatic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: M. Arain, M. Freeman
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Placement of prophylactic pancreatic stents has become a cornerstone in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). There is an increasing body of evidence to support prophylactic pancreatic stent placement to minimize the risk of pancreatitis in high-risk ERCP, including suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), difficult cannulation, pancreatic guide wire placement to assist biliary access, precut sphincterotomy, and endoscopic ampullectomy [3] [4] [5]. Whereas there is now a reasonable consensus among advanced endoscopists regarding the need for prophylactic stent placement, there is no consensus as to exact indications, or to optimal type or configuration of stent used. The approach to pancreatic stent placement in smaller and community settings is not known [4] [5]. In addition, although pancreatic stent placement can reduce the risk of pancreatitis in the appropriate setting and improve patient outcomes, this is countered by the potential difficulties and risks associated with pancreatic stent placement (e. g. failed or difficult placement, lack of physician familiarity with anatomical variation, stent insertion techniques, and equipment) and possible associated complications (e. g. inward migration of pancreatic stents, stent-induced pancreatic duct injury), which may result in not only short-term complications, but possibly to irreversible pancreatic damage [6] [7]. Insight into patterns of pancreatic stent placement and potential complications are provided by two studies.
Changing Prescribing Practices Through Individual Continuing Education
Authors: Stephen B. Soumerai
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Manning et al<sup>1</sup>in the July 11 issue ofThe Journal, entitled "Changing Prescribing Practices Through Individual Continuing Education," illustrates once again the problem of testing educational interventions with seriously deficient research designs. Unfortunately, the major threats to internal and external validity in this study undermine its optimistic conclusions of improvements in prescribing patterns. The study subjects were volunteers, representing only 12% of a 1700-person reference population of internists or family practitioners. Of these 122 physicians, fully 59% dropped out of the study. Nowhere is this questionable generalizability and loss to follow-up discussed. There is no description of procedures for experimental vs control group selection, leaving open a great potential for bias. Even more serious, the final control group consisted of only<i>nine</i>individuals. With such a small sample size, the influence of chance alone as a possible explanation for differences between
Lightning Injury With Survival in Five Patients
Authors: Brian W. Amy
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Of a total of 4,153 admissions, five patients with lightning-associated injuries were admitted to a burn center during a 15-year period, 1969 through 1983. In these patients, the burned portion of the total body surface ranged from 3% to 29% (average, 16%), and all survived. The associated injuries and complications in these lightning-strike victims and a review of treatment guidelines are presented.
Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibodies in a remote population of eastern Zaire.
Authors: R J Biggar, M Melbye, L Kestens, M de Feyter, C Saxinger, A J Bodner, L Paluko, W A Blattner, P L Gigase
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A human retrovirus--human T cell lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III)--has recently emerged as the probable cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In May 1984, 250 outpatients at a hospital in a remote area of eastern Zaire were surveyed for AIDS type illnesses and the prevalence of antibodies against HTLV-III determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using disrupted whole HTLV-III virus as the antigen. No clinical cases of AIDS were diagnosed among these patients. Overall, 31 (12.4%) had clearly positive ratios (greater than or equal to 5.0) and a further 30 (12.0%) had borderline ratios (3.0- less than 5.0). Western blots of serum samples from subjects with antibodies yielded bands consistent with HTLV-III as found in American patients with AIDS and members of groups at risk of AIDS. The prevalence of antibody was highest in childhood (p = 0.02); among adults prevalence rose slightly with age. HTLV-III antibodies were more common among the uneducated (p = 0.006), agricultural workers (p = 0.03), and rural residents (p = 0.006), but the Western blot bands were generally weak in this group. By contrast, one urban resident had strong bands. The relatively high prevalence of antibodies among the rural poor in this area of Zaire suggests that HTLV-III or a closely related, cross reactive virus may be endemic in the region. A different natural history of infection, perhaps in childhood, may also explain the findings.
BLNK suppresses pre–B-cell leukemogenesis through inhibition of JAK3
Authors: Joji Nakayama, Mutsumi Yamamoto, Katsuhiko Hayashi, Hitoshi Satoh, Kenji Bundo, Masato Kubo, Ryo Goitsuka, Michael A. Farrar, Daisuke Kitamura
Journal: Blood (2008)