tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mesotheliomas, minerals, and man-made mineral fibres.
Authors: P C Elmes
Journal: Thorax (1980)

<h3>Objective</h3> The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors of prospective symptomatic haemorrhage in a large series of adult patients with cerebral cavernous malformation (CM). <h3>Methods</h3> Three hundred twenty-six patients &gt;18 years of age with 410 CMs were evaluated retrospectively. Symptomatic haemorrhage was defined as new clinical symptoms with radiographic features of haemorrhage. Clinical data and the characteristics of CM were analysed. MR appearance was divided into three groups according to Zabramski9s classification. <h3>Results</h3> The overall haemorrhage rate of CM was 4.46% per lesion-year. The overall annual haemorrhage rate according to MR appearance was as follows: type I, 9.47%; type II, 4.74%; and type III, 1.43%. A multivariate analysis revealed that prior symptomatic haemorrhage (p&lt;0.001) and MR appearance (p&lt;0.001) were statistically significant. After multiple comparisons, type I (p&lt;0.001) and type II (p=0.016) showed higher haemorrhage risk than type III. However, no significant difference in haemorrhage rate was observed between type I and type II (p=0.105). Other variables including female gender, age, location, multiplicity, hypertension, size and associated venous angioma were not significant. The haemorrhage rates based on risk factors were estimated at 3 years as follows: 33.77% in patients with prior haemorrhage versus 7.54% in patients without prior haemorrhage (p&lt;0.001); type I, 27.62% vs type II, 15.44% vs type III, 5.38% (p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Prior symptomatic haemorrhage and MR appearance could be related to prospective symptomatic CM haemorrhage in adults. A prospective multicentre observational study is necessary to confirm our results.
Role of the EASL, RECIST, and WHO response guidelines alone or in combination for hepatocellular carcinoma: Radiologic–pathologic correlation
Authors: Ahsun Riaz, Khairuddin Memon, Frank H. Miller, Paul Nikolaidis, Laura M. Kulik, Robert J. Lewandowski, Robert K. Ryu, Kent T. Sato, Vanessa L. Gates, Mary F. Mulcahy, Talia Baker, Ed Wang, Ramona Gupta, Ritu Nayar, Al B. Benson, Michael Abecassis, Reed Omary, Riad Salem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and ventilation: a complex interplay of stimulation and suppression
Authors: ER Swenson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (CA) have long been used as respiratory stimulants, most successfully in acute mountain sickness (AMS), but also in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sleep-disordered breathing syndromes. Although effective, presently available inhibitors have minor annoying side-effects (paraesthesias, mild nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort) that can limit long-term compliance; and in certain cases their use may be hazardous, particularly in those with compromised pulmonary, hepatic and renal function. The overlap in clinical efficacy and side-effects of these drugs is intimately related to the ubiquity of CA in the body, and to the enzyme's many roles in CO2 transport, acid–base regulation, nitrogen metabolism, fluid secretion and absorption, and ventilatory control. It is now known that the effect of CA inhibitors on ventilation and ventilatory responsiveness is a complex and not easily predictable summation of CA inhibition in tissues relevant to the control of breathing, including the kidney, red cells, capillary vascular endothelium, brain, and the central and peripheral chemoreceptors [1]. Depending on the dose of inhibitor, duration of dosing and site of inhibition, there can be both inhibitory and stimulatory effects. A good example of this complexity can be found in the present report by WAGENAAR et al. [2], who studied the effect of acetazolamide on the hypercapnic ventilatory response in hypoxia. The development of the presently available CA inhibitors and their application as respiratory stimulants arose from findings in the late 1930s, that sulphanilamide, the first oral sulphonamide antibiotic (and a weak CA inhibitor), caused metabolic acidosis and a compensatory hyperventilation resulting in a higher arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2). Only several years earlier, the enzyme had been discovered in erythrocytes and, soon thereafter, in many organs including the kidney, where it was established that renal CA inhibition was responsible for the acidosis. Efforts to produce more potent CA inhibitors yielded acetazolamide (Diamox) and several other less commonly used (but still available) sulphonamides, including methazolamide (Neptazane) and diclorphenamide (Daranide). These and even more powerful sulphonamides (benzolamide and ethoxzolamide) with Ki values 2–4 orders of magnitude less than sulphanilamide permitted the investigation of CA function in other tissues. Interestingly and ironically, further drug development in this field led to the serendipitous discovery of the thiazide and high ceiling loop diuretics, which lost CA-inhibiting activity while yielding even greater natriuresis and diuresis than the earlier sulphonamides [3]. Ventilatory effects of CA inhibitors
Tetracycline preparations for children
Authors: R. J Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Britain this solution is called Synthamin.Recently minor elevations of serum bilirubin concentration and major elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino- transferase activities have been observed in six patients receiving this solution following surgery of the head and neck.These patients did not have evidence of metastatic disease and no abnormalities have been observed in patients undergoing similar operations who did not receive nutritional support.However, the same type of biochemnical abnormalities have been seen in a patient receiving the intravenous amino-acid solution Vamin.Furthermore, 15 patients who received a nasogastric diet based on the beef protein derivatives Albumaid or Serameen and the glucose polymer Caloreen showed the same biochemical response.This latter observation would suggest that cholestasis occurring in patients receiving intravenous nutrients is unlikely to be due to a lack of stimulation of bile flow by food in the gut.Are these changes due to the absence of some dietary component or presence of some chemical agent that is common to artificial diets whether given intravenously or by the nasogastric route ?These results will be reported in detail elsewhere.
Multidisciplinary interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: M. Thomeer, M. Demedts, J. Behr, R. Buhl, U. Costabel, C. D. R. Flower, J. Verschakelen, F. Laurent, A. G. Nicholson, E. K. Verbeken, F. Capron, M. Sardina, G. Corvasce, I. Lankhorst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by respiratory physicians in six European countries, and to calculate the interobserver agreement between high-resolution computed tomography reviewers and histology reviewers in IPF diagnosis. The diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) was assessed by a local investigator, following the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society consensus statement, and confirmed when a minimum of two out of three expert reviewers from each expert panel agreed with the diagnosis. The level of agreement between readers within each expert panel was calculated by weighted kappa. The diagnosis of UIP was confirmed by the expert panels in 87.2% of cases. A total of 179 thoracic high-resolution computed tomography scans were independently reviewed, and an interobserver agreement of 0.40 was found. Open or thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed in 97 patients, 82 of whom could be reviewed by the expert committee. The weighted kappa between histology readers was 0.30. It is concluded that, although the level of agreement between the readers within each panel was only fair to moderate, the overall accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in expert centres is good (87.2%).
Abortion, Euthanasia, and Care of Defective Newborns
Authors: John Fletcher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Abstract Growing use of abortion to prevent births of infants with unfavorable prenatal diagnoses raises ethical questions about active euthanasia for newborn infants with similar impairments. Two opposing ethical arguments are those of Paul Ramsey, who equates genetically indicated abortion with infanticide disapprovingly, and of Joseph Fletcher, who equates the morality of abortion with selective euthanasia approvingly. Though radically different, these arguments treat the ethical aspects of the prenatal and postnatal situations as essentially similar. There are, however, different moral features between the two situations, in that the postnatal situation is characterized by the independent physical existence of the infant, the possibility of treatment, and the formation of parental loyalty to the infant. Thus, a decision for abortion after prenatal diagnosis does not necessarily commit parents to euthanasia in the management of a seriously damaged infant. (N Engl J Med 292:75–78, 1975)
Use of adsorptive mechanisms in continuous renal replacement therapies in the critically ill
Authors: Ciro Tetta, Rinaldo Bellomo, Alessandra Brendolan, Pasquale Piccinni, Antonio Digito, Maurizio Dan, Marco Irone, Gerhard Lonnemann, Donatella Moscato, Juan Buades, Giuseppe La Greca, Claudio Ronco
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Effects of Carvedilol on Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Robert N. Doughty, Gillian A. Whalley, Helen A. Walsh, Greg D. Gamble, José López-Sendón, Norman Sharpe
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The CAPRICORN trial has shown that carvedilol improved outcome in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction treated with ACE inhibitors. The aim of this substudy was to determine the effects of carvedilol on left ventricular remodeling in this patient group.Patients entering the CAPRICORN trial from 13 centers in New Zealand, Australia, and Spain were recruited for this echocardiographic substudy. In 127 patients, quantitative 2D echocardiography was performed according to a standard protocol before randomization and repeated after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment with carvedilol or placebo. Left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction (Simpson's method), and wall motion score index were determined in a blinded analysis at the Core Echo Laboratory. At 6 months, left ventricular end systolic volume was 9.2 mL less in the carvedilol group than in the placebo group (P=0.023), and left ventricular ejection fraction was 3.9% higher (P=0.015). Left ventricular end diastolic volume and wall motion score index were not statistically different between the 2 groups at 6 months.In patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction treated with ACE inhibitors, carvedilol had a beneficial effect on ventricular remodeling, which may, in part, mediate the substantial clinical beneficial effects of carvedilol in this patient population.
NERVOUSNESS AN ELEMENT IN HYPERPYREXIA.
Authors: C. C. HERSMAN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Temperature, from Hippocrates down, has been recognized as a factor in disease. In the present paper the topic is to be discussed with reference to the explosive (nerve-storm-like) and sudden elevation of temperature under certain mental impressions or conditions. Musser attributes the stability of temperature to the central regulating apparatus, called the thermotoxic apparatus. This aggregation of forces is under the control of the nervous system, either through the motor or special nerves which pass with them to and from definite centers in the brain, called heat centers. He claims that the elevation of temperature is due to the increased disintegration of nitrogenous tissue. It has also been said that the high range is caused by the taking in of more poison than is gotten rid of, or, to give bacteriologic zest to the expression, the microbes are in competition with the corpuscles of the blood. High temperatures are not
Sequelae of Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: P. Culley, J. Powell, J. Waterhouse, B. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A total of 371 newborn infants falling into 3 groups, non-haemolytic jaundice, haemolytic jaundice, and non-jaundiced controls, have been reassessed in the 6th year of life as regards neurological, audiological, and psychological function. Neurological handicap was concentrated among the infants of low birth weight and was not related to jaundice, apart from one case of athetoid cerebral palsy with deafness. No other cases of perceptive deafness were discovered. Intelligence testing on the Stanford Binet scale showed no relation between depth of jaundice and I.Q. These findings support the majority of reports in the literature that reduction in intelligence does not occur in non-haemolytic jaundiced babies with serum bilirubin below about 20 mg./100 ml. In haemolytic jaundice slight doubt remains. There is no indication for changing present standards for exchange transfusion.
Balancing GRK2 and EPAC1 levels prevents and relieves chronic pain
Authors: Huijing Wang, Cobi J. Heijnen, Cindy T.J. van Velthoven, Hanneke L.D.M. Willemen, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Xinna Zhang, Anil K. Sood, Anne Vroon, Niels Eijkelkamp, Annemieke Kavelaars
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Chronic pain is a major clinical problem, yet the mechanisms underlying the transition from acute to chronic pain remain poorly understood. In mice, reduced expression of GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2) in nociceptors promotes cAMP signaling to the guanine nucleotide exchange factor EPAC1 and prolongs the PGE2-induced increase in pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia). Here we hypothesized that reduction of GRK2 or increased EPAC1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons would promote the transition to chronic pain. We used 2 mouse models of hyperalgesic priming in which the transition from acute to chronic PGE2-induced hyperalgesia occurs. Hyperalgesic priming with carrageenan induced a sustained decrease in nociceptor GRK2, whereas priming with the PKCε agonist ΨεRACK increased DRG EPAC1. When either GRK2 was increased in vivo by viral-based gene transfer or EPAC1 was decreased in vivo, as was the case for mice heterozygous for Epac1 or mice treated with Epac1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, chronic PGE2-induced hyperalgesia development was prevented in the 2 priming models. Using the CFA model of chronic inflammatory pain, we found that increasing GRK2 or decreasing EPAC1 inhibited chronic hyperalgesia. Our data suggest that therapies targeted at balancing nociceptor GRK2 and EPAC1 levels have promise for the prevention and treatment of chronic pain.
Muscling into cystic fibrosis airways
Authors: A M Sutcliffe
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<h3>Aims</h3> To use association rule mining methods to investigate prescribing of smoking cessation medication in the UK primary care and to identify the characteristics of numerically important groups of patients who typically do, or do not, receive cessation therapy. <h3>Design</h3> An association rule mining study using The Health Improvement Network Database. <h3>Settings and participants</h3> 282 433 patients aged 16 years and over from 419 UK general practices, who were registered with the practice throughout 2008 and recorded as a current smoker during that year. <h3>Outcome</h3> Prescription for any type of smoking cessation medications in 2008 (nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenicline). <h3>Variables</h3> Age, gender, lifestyle indicators and co-morbidity. <h3>Results</h3> Of the current smokers, 37 731 (13.4%) were given prescriptions for smoking cessation treatment during 2008. Prescriptions were particularly likely to be given to women, those aged 31–60 years, and people with diagnoses of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression. On the contrary, of patients with dementia, with alcohol intake over recommended levels, atrial fibrillation or chronic kidney disease was extremely unlikely to be prescribed a smoking cessation medication. However, the largest group of patients who did not receive therapy was young and otherwise healthy individuals. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This novel approach identified sizeable and easily definable groups of patients who are systematically failing to receive support for smoking cessation in primary care. Association rule mining can be used to identify key numerically important groups at high or low risk of receiving treatment and hence potentially to improve healthcare delivery.
TEACHING PSYCHIATRY IN A MILITARY SETTING
Authors: WILLIAM J. DICKERSON, RANSOM J. ARTHUR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Medical education in the military setting requires sound principles of modern teaching. The planning and curriculum of the residency in psychiatry at the U. S. Naval Hospital, Oakland, Calif., are reviewed to encourage a critical appraisal of such programs and to invite attention from nonmilitary medical educators. Deficiencies to be overcome include the encroachment of administrative duties on the resident's time and little experience in long term care of the chronically ill. The full utilization of certain inherent features, such as freedom from some economic restrictions and participation in uncommon opportunities, provides an advantage over the non-military residency. The use of consultants, responsibility for the educational program, and professional liaisons require specific attention. Improvements recognized by the authors are presented.
Utility of Gallium Imaging in the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare Infection in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: MICHAEL C. BACH, SANDRA P. BAGWELL, HENRY MASUR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Whole body Ga-67 scans revealed increased uptake in lymph nodes accessible for biopsy in three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infected by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI). In diagnostically difficult cases where the usual methods for diagnosing MAI are not helpful, Ga-67 studies may be of value.
Therapeutic neural transplantation: Boon or boondoggle?
Authors: John H. Haring
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Despite reports of recovery of function after neural transplantation, the biological interactions between transplanted neurons and the host brain that are necessary to mediate recovery are unclear at present. One source of confusion is in the variety of models and protocols used in these studies. It is suggested that multisite experimentation using standard protocols, models, and recovery criteria would be helpful in moving neural transplantation from the laboratory to the clinic.
Estrogen reduces neuronal generation of Alzheimer β-amyloid peptides
Authors: Huaxi Xu, Gunnar K. Gouras, Jeffrey P. Greenfield, Bruno Vincent, Jan Naslund, Louis Mazzarelli, Gabriel Fried, Jasmina N. Jovanovic, Mary Seeger, Norman R. Relkin, Fang Liao, Frédéric Checler, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Brian T. Chait, Gopal Thinakaran, Sangram S. Sisodia, Rong Wang, Paul Greengard, Sam Gandy
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Points on Immunization
Authors: Jonathan M. Mann, Neal A. Halsey, David W. Fraser, Lawrence B. Schonberger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1977Points on ImmunizationJONATHAN M. MANN, M.D., NEAL A. HALSEY, M.D., DAVID W. FRASER, M.D., LAWRENCE B. SCHONBERGER, M.D.JONATHAN M. MANN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NEAL A. HALSEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID W. FRASER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAWRENCE B. SCHONBERGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-3-380_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We wish to make several minor additions to the timely and excellent article, "Immunization for the Internist," by Rimland, McGowan, and Shulman (1).Rubella vaccine produced in dog kidney cell cultures is no longer available for use.The discussion of poliovirus vaccine omits any mention of inactivated poliovirus vaccine, which has recently become more readily available in the United States. Since the risk of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis after administration of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine increases with age, it might be reasonable to consider giving a full primary series of inactivated poliovirus vaccine or at least two doses, 1...References1. RIMLANDMCGOWANSHULMAN DJJ: Immunization for the internist. Ann Intern Med 85:622-629, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BENENSON A (ed): Control of Communicable Diseases in Man, Washington, APHA, 1975 Google Scholar3. : Gamma Globulin in the Prophylaxis of Poliomyelitis: Report of the National Advisory Committee for the Evaluation of Gamma Globulin in the Prophylaxis of Poliomyelitis (PHS Publication No. 358). Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1954 Google Scholar4. : Recommendations of the Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices: rabies. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep 25:403-406, 1976 Google Scholar5. HARRISON T (ed): Principles of Internal Medicine, 7th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1974, p. 845 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1977Volume 87, Issue 3Page: 380-381KeywordsCell culturesKidneysPoliomyelitisRubella vaccineVaccines Issue Published: 1 September 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Risk Factors for Poor Glycemic Control in Diabetic Children in France
Authors: Nadia Tubiana-Rufi, Leila Moret, Paul Czernichow, Judith Chwalow
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To test whether immigrant versus nonimmigrant origin, among other factors, is associated with differences in glycemic control in diabetic children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional multicenter survey was performed in 165 French diabetic children aged 7–13 years and their parents. HbA1c was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in a single laboratory (reference value: 5.1 ± 0.6%). Standardized questionnaires were used to evaluate cognitive, familial, and socioeconomic factors and adherence to diabetes regimen. RESULTS The mother's place of birth was found to account for 6.6% of the HbA1c variance. Two groups of children were identified with French-speaking immigrant (n = 27) and native French mothers (n = 138) who had significantly different HbA1c values of 9.1 ± 8% vs. 8.1 ± 1.4%, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Adherence to diabetes treatment was significantly lower in immigrant mothers for diet and insulin changes (P &amp;lt; 0.01), as well as their level of diabetes knowledge (P &amp;lt; 0.01). This immigrant group had no significant differences in parents' socioeconomic status, educational background, family status, family functioning, diabetes education background, and social support compared with the native French mothers' group. CONCLUSIONS Despite no differences in socioeconomic status, a group of children with less well-controlled diabetes was identified by the mother's place of birth. Cultural factors have a crucial importance in glycemic control in diabetic children and in parents' adherence to treatment and must be taken into account in the development of educational programs.