tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SIN-1 reduces platelet adhesion and platelet thrombus formation in a porcine model of balloon angioplasty.
Authors: P H Groves, M J Lewis, H A Cheadle, W J Penny
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Nitric oxide inhibits platelet adhesion and platelet aggregation in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effects of the nitric oxide donor SIN-1 on platelet adhesion and platelet-thrombus formation following experimental angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS Bilateral carotid angioplasty was performed in 20 anesthetized pigs. Animals received either SIN-1 (3-morpholino-sydnonimine; 10 micrograms/kg/min; n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) before and during angioplasty. An additional control group of pigs received trimetaphan (n = 4), which induced hemodynamic changes similar to those that followed treatment with SIN-1. Platelet deposition was quantified by the injection of autologous 111In-labeled platelets. SIN-1 reduced platelet deposition after deep arterial injury compared with placebo (mean +/- SEM, 10.870 +/- 2.415 versus 40.326 +/- 9.889 platelets x 10(6)/cm2, p &lt; 0.05). SIN-1 reduced platelet adhesion after superficial injury compared with both placebo and trimetaphan (2.231 +/- 0.333 versus 5.278 +/- 0.606 versus 5.022 +/- 1.136 platelets x 10(6)/cm2, respectively; p &lt; 0.005). Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that platelets were deposited in the form of an adherent monolayer following superficial endothelial denudation and were reduced in number following treatment with SIN-1. The effects of SIN-1 on platelet function were associated with a significant increase in platelet cyclic GMP concentration from baseline (3.15 +/- 0.88 versus 1.58 +/- 0.73 pmol/10(9) platelets, p &lt; 0.005). CONCLUSIONS SIN-1 reduces platelet adhesion and platelet-thrombus formation following experimental angioplasty. The antiadhesive effects of SIN-1 are independent of changes in systemic hemodynamics. These results imply that the administration of a nitric oxide donor may prove effective in modifying the pathophysiological response to angioplasty injury.
"THE INSIDE STORY OF DOPE"
Authors: W. F. Dutton
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a recent article on "The Inside Story of Dope in This Country" (<i>Hearst's International</i>, May, 1923), Sidney Howard makes a vicious indictment against the medical profession. This arraignment is admittedly premeditated, for in paragraph 3, page 17, he says, "Over half of our addicted population owes its plight to the circumstance or ignorance of medical treatment. This is the real and appalling importance of the dope problem." In paragraph 4, on the same page, this erudite gentleman gives "figures from the records of the Charles B. Towns Hospital" which he claims to have obtained from Dr. Alexander Lambert. "Here are eleven hundred and some addicted male patients who received treatment in the course of a year. Of that number exactly ninety-six are listed as members of the Underworld while four hundred are doctors." Then, through a process of careful analysis, he shows "this group of ninetysix
Endothelium-dependent contractions in rabbit pulmonary artery are mediated by thromboxane A2.
Authors: C J Buzzard, S L Pfister, W B Campbell
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

This study was designed to characterize the endothelium-dependent contracting factor (EDCF) released by arachidonic acid (AA) and methacholine (MeCH) in the rabbit pulmonary artery. AA and MeCH contract the rabbit pulmonary artery; however, the effects of both are blocked by denuding the vessels and by administration of indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), dazoxiben (a thromboxane [TX] synthase inhibitor), and SQ29548 (a TXA2/prostaglandin [PG] H2 receptor antagonist). When segments of rabbit pulmonary artery were incubated with [14C]AA and the [14C] metabolites were resolved by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), radioactive products were observed that comigrated with 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2, the stable metabolites of prostacyclin and TXA2. The TXB2 radioactive peak was rechromatographed on normal-phase HPLC and again migrated with TXB2. Finally, the structures of derivatized [14C]6-keto-PGF1 alpha and [14C]TXB2 peaks were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The synthesis of [14C]6-keto-PGF1 alpha and [14C]TXB2 was inhibited by removal of the endothelium and by indomethacin. Dazoxiben inhibited the synthesis of [14C]TXB2 but not [14C]6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Using specific radioimmunoassays, AA and MeCH stimulated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 release. Indomethacin blocked the production of both 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2, whereas dazoxiben only blocked TXB2. In a superfusion/bioassay system, AA stimulated an endothelium-intact donor vessel to release a labile substance that contracted an indomethacin-treated endothelium-denuded recipient vessel. The EDCF released by AA had an approximate half-life of 30 seconds. Cultured rabbit pulmonary arterial endothelial cells synthesized 6-keto-PGF1 alpha but not TXB2. Immunohistochemical studies indicated the presence of cyclooxygenase, but not TX synthase, in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. TXA2 appears to be the EDCF released by AA and MeCH in rabbit pulmonary artery; however, TXA2 is not produced by endothelial cells but may arise from cells that adhere to the luminal surfaces, such as platelets or macrophages.
Doctors' and other health workers' pay negotiations should not be separate
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The separate negotiation of UK doctors' terms and conditions and the disconnection of their pay scale from those of other health professions should be reviewed, a report published this week by the Institute for Public Policy Research says.

Recently a job evaluation framework was developed that will form the basis of pay negotiations for non-medical staff, but doctors have not been part of this process. The institute claims: “This could lead to problems in establishing a fair pay system for nurses who have already taken on roles traditionally conducted by doctors, as well …
Fibrin(ogen)olysis in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: preliminary findings on association with disease activity.
Authors: R G Grau, S S Kassan, J J Franks, H Kaplan, S H Walker, E M Tan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Postulating an increased production of fibrin(ogen)olytic degradation products (FDP) and an abnormality of fibrinogen metabolism in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and temporal arteritis (TA), we studied 16 PMR/TA patients and 10 control subjects using a sensitive radioimmunoassay for a specific type of FDP, namely, fibrin(ogen)-related D-antigen. Median serum D-antigen levels were increased five-fold in those 11 PMR/TA patients who were untreated compared with control subjects. In the five PMR/TA patients who were treated with prednisone the median D-antigen levels were not significantly different from those of the healthy controls. D-antigen concentration correlated significantly (r = 0.83) with ESR in the seven untreated PMR patients. In PMR patients prednisone therapy was followed by a reduction of serum D-antigen levels.
Suicide-Prone Physicians
Authors: Earl Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The problem of suicide among psychiatrists deserves more serious thought than that in your admonition to the "suicide-prone healer of the mind": "Psychiatrist, Mind Thy Psyche" (<b>218</b>:1823, 1971). Does working the specialty of psychiatry in some way predispose an individual to suicide, or does psychiatry attract more suicide-prone physicians? If the former is true, what is it that predisposes? If the latter, how can these self-assaultive people be identified among applicants for psychiatric training? Flippant clichés will not answer these questions.
Child Abuse in the International Year of the Child
Authors: Lesli Taylor, Eli H. Newberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

CHILDREN have been documented as victims of violence, neglect, abandonment, slavery, and murder since records of mankind have been kept.1 2 3 Only within the past century has the notion developed that children have rights apart from those that adults choose to grant them. In 1959, the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child stated, "The child shall be protected from all forms of neglect, cruelty and exploitation."4 The child-welfare movement began in the United States during the middle and late 19th century when the exploitation of children and adults during the Industrial Revolution led to undeniable signs of childhood . . .
Review and analysis of variation between spirometric values reported in 29 studies of healthy African adults.
Authors: N W White, J H Hanley, U G Lalloo, M R Becklake
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Within- and between-population variation in spirometric measurements has been addressed in a systematic review of spirometric measurements from 29 studies published between 1965 and 1990 involving 9,690 men and 2,638 women of sub-Saharan African ancestry; FVC and FEV1 were age- and height-standardized at BTPS. Between- population differences were related to geographic region and sample source (workforce versus community). The effects of altitude, variation in sample mean height, and year of study publication were also significant variables in multivariate models explaining between-population differences. Altitude was the most important variable with an effect of 263 ml/1,000 m (95% confidence interval [CI] 120-410) on FVC in men. In women, variation in sample mean height was also important, with taller populations having larger values for FVC (64 ml/cm). In men, secular trends were evident, with date of study associated with negative trends among men in the U.S.A. (-35.3 ml/year), and positive trends (14.7 ml/year) in other regions. These differences in trend could not be explained. Population selection factors, altitude, date of study, and other biological sources of variation need to be taken into account in evaluating between- and within-population comparisons of spirometric measurements.
Some Auscultatory and Phonocardiographic Features of Tricuspid Stenosis
Authors: GEORGE A. BOUSVAROS, DAVID STUBINGTON
Journal: Circulation (1964)

DESPITE considerable progress in the clinical diagnosis of rheumatic tricuspid stenosis, the lesion remains infrequently recognized.Its reported incidence among cases of multivalvular heart disease diagnosed during life is in the region of 2 to 3 per cent," 2 Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on August 27, 2023
Oxygen concentrations in tents and incubators in paediatric practice.
Authors: H Simpson, D J Russell
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Oxygen concentrations of at least 60% are claimed for many of their products by the manufacturers of tents and incubators, tested under laboratory conditions. As an inspired oxygen concentration of 40% does not invariably relieve hypoxia in infants with acute respiratory failure (Downes and Striker, 1966 ; Simpson and Flenley, 1967), it seems particularly relevant to report the oxygen concentrations attainable in
Duodenal Ulcer Perfusion During the Healing Process - An Endoscopic Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Study
Authors: K. Kotzampassi, E. Eleftheriadis, E. Tzartinoglou, H. Farmakis, H. Aletras
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: Use of Fluorescent Electronic Endoscopy in the Evaluation of Peptic UlcersEndoscopy 1991; 23(06): 313-316DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010704
Improved Adverse Postoperative Outcomes With Revised American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for Patients With Cardiac Stents
Authors: Laura A. Graham, Brandon A. Singletary, Joshua S. Richman, Thomas M. Maddox, Kamal M. F. Itani, Mary T. Hawn
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

In 2007, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines were revised for patients with cardiac stents in need of subsequent surgery to recommend delaying elective noncardiac surgery by 365 days in patients with drug-eluting stents (DESs).To examine the effect of the guidelines on postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in subsequent noncardiac surgery.Patients receiving a cardiac stent between fiscal years 2005 and 2010 were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes in the Veterans Affairs Medical SAS data sets. The Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program data were used to identify subsequent operations in the 2 years following stenting. The preguideline period was defined as fiscal years 2005 through 2007 and the postguideline period was defined as fiscal years 2008 through 2010. Surgery patients admitted through the emergency department or transferred from another hospital were excluded from analyses. Overall, 16,634 elective noncardiac operations were identified (8034 [48.3%] in the preguideline period; 8600 [51.7%] in the postguideline period).Composite 30-day postoperative MACEs. We used χ² tests to examine differences in bivariate frequencies and used logistic models to examine adjusted associations with 2-year postoperative MACEs.The median time to surgery was 364 days (interquartile range, 184-528 days). A total of 11,026 operations (66.3%) followed DES placement, and 5608 (33.7%) followed bare metal stent placement. After the guidelines' publication, surgery timing increased following DES placement from 323 to 404 days (P < .001) and decreased following bare metal stent placement from 402 to 309 days (P < .001). In addition, postoperative MACE rates decreased from 4.2% to 3.3% (P = .002). After adjusting for cardiac risk factors and procedure characteristics, there was an overall absolute risk reduction of 0.9% for MACEs (odds ratio = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.89). On further examination of trends across time, MACE rates with DES placement began to decrease prior to the guidelines' publication from 5.5% in 2005 to 4.3% in 2006 and remained stable through 2010. In contrast, MACE rates with bare metal stent placement increased from 4.3% in 2005 to 8.0% in 2007 but decreased to 4.8% following the guidelines' publication.After the guidelines' publication, noncardiac surgery was delayed in patients with DESs but not bare metal stents. With a 26% reduction in MACEs following the guidelines, it would appear that the guidelines did improve postoperative outcomes; however, when examined over time, it becomes evident that there are many more factors influencing management of patients with cardiac stents in need of subsequent surgery.
Trastuzumab Plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer: Planned Joint Analysis of Overall Survival From NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831
Authors: Edith A. Perez, Edward H. Romond, Vera J. Suman, Jong-Hyeon Jeong, George Sledge, Charles E. Geyer, Silvana Martino, Priya Rastogi, Julie Gralow, Sandra M. Swain, Eric P. Winer, Gerardo Colon-Otero, Nancy E. Davidson, Eleftherios Mamounas, Jo Anne Zujewski, Norman Wolmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose Positive interim analysis findings from four large adjuvant trials evaluating trastuzumab in patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive breast cancer were first reported in 2005. One of these reports, the joint analysis of North Central Cancer Treatment Group NCCTG N9831 (Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Trastuzumab in Treating Women With HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer) and the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project NSABP B-31 (Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide Plus Paclitaxel With or Without Trastuzumab in Treating Women With Node-Positive Breast Cancer That Overexpresses HER2), was updated in 2011. We now report the planned definitive overall survival (OS) results from this joint analysis along with updates on the disease-free survival (DFS) end point. Methods In all, 4,046 patients with HER2-positive operable breast cancer were enrolled to receive doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel with or without trastuzumab in both trials. The required number of events for the definitive statistical analysis for OS (710 events) was reached in September 2012. Updated analyses of overall DFS and related subgroups were also performed. Results Median time on study was 8.4 years. Adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy led to a 37% relative improvement in OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.73; P &lt; .001) and an increase in 10-year OS rate from 75.2% to 84%. These results were accompanied by an improvement in DFS of 40% (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.68; P &lt; .001) and increase in 10-year DFS rate from 62.2% to 73.7%. All patient subgroups benefited from addition of this targeted anti-HER2 agent. Conclusion The addition of trastuzumab to paclitaxel after doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer results in a substantial and durable improvement in survival as a result of a sustained marked reduction in cancer recurrence.
THE LOCAL USE OF QUININ IN HAY FEVER.
Authors: HENRY D. FULTON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

So many remedies have from time to time been proposed for the relief of hay fever that doubt has arisen as to the value of any of them, and very naturally so, for they all have one serious drawback—the uncertainty of their action. A method of using quinin locally in typical cases of hay fever has proved remarkably successful in my hands. The treatment consists of the employment of a saturated solution of the quinin sulphate, in sterilized water, as a nasal spray, and the application to the mucous membrane of the nares of an ointment consisting of quinin and vaselin in the proportion of 30 grains to the ounce, the applications being made every four or six hours. After trving various unguents and combinations, simple vaselin has been found to be the best base. The white vaselin is not suitable, nor is the liquid
Prostacyclin and acetylcholine as screening agents for acute pulmonary vasodilator responsiveness in primary pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: H I Palevsky, W Long, J Crow, A P Fishman
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Epoprostenol sodium (prostacyclin) administered intravenously is considered the standard for assessing the ability of the pulmonary circulation to vasodilate. At present, epoprostenol sodium is an investigational drug that has limited availability. In contrast, acetylcholine, also a pulmonary vasodilator, is readily available. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility of using acetylcholine as an alternative to prostacyclin in testing for the capacity of the pulmonary vasculature to vasodilate. Twenty-three patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure, 58.5 +/- 13.4 mm Hg) received incremental infusions of prostacyclin and acetylcholine to predetermined maximal infusion rates as part of a battery of vasodilator agents administered according to standard protocols (mean, 5.4 +/- 1.2 agents/patient; range, 3-8 agents/patient); the administration of the different agents was timed to avoid synergistic effects. Of all the agents tested, prostacyclin and acetylcholine were most consistently effective in evoking acute pulmonary vasodilation, and both seemed to distinguish patients capable of manifesting acute pulmonary vasodilation from those who were not. However, at maximal doses set by protocol, prostacyclin generally elicited a greater vasodilator response than acetylcholine. The difference in magnitude of response may have been due to use of prescribed dosages of acetylcholine that were submaximal. In other respects, the two agents were similar; both were equally well-tolerated, and side effects were mild and resolved rapidly when the vasodilator infusions were stopped. We conclude that in the majority of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, acetylcholine appears to be an effective and available substitute for prostacyclin in screening for pulmonary vasodilator responsiveness.
The HLA System
Authors: G. D. Pegrum
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Extensive evidence suggests that people use base rate information inconsistently in decision making. A classic example is the inverse base rate effect (IBRE), whereby participants classify ambiguous stimuli sharing features of both common and rare categories as members of the rare category. Computational models of the IBRE have either posited that it arises from associative similarity-based mechanisms or dissimilarity-based processes that may depend upon higher-level inference. Here we develop a hybrid model, which posits that similarity- and dissimilarity-based evidence both contribute to the IBRE, and test it using functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected from human subjects completing an IBRE task. Consistent with our model, multivoxel pattern analysis reveals that activation patterns on ambiguous test trials contain information consistent with dissimilarity-based processing. Further, trial-by-trial activation in left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex tracks model-based predictions for dissimilarity-based processing, consistent with theories positing a role for higher-level symbolic processing in the IBRE.
Serum bilirubin levels in the U.S. population: Gender effect and inverse correlation with colorectal cancer
Authors: Stephen D. Zucker, Paul S. Horn, Kenneth E. Sherman
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Bilirubin, the primary end product of heme catabolism, is a key marker of liver and hematological disorders, and important cytoprotective properties have been ascribed to this bile pigment. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a comprehensive assessment of health and nutrition in the United States, was analyzed to determine the demographics and correlates of serum bilirubin levels in the general population. Men and women aged 17 and older were included in the weighted analysis, representing a total of 176,748,462 subjects. The mean serum total bilirubin in the adult population is 0.62 +/- 0.003 mg/dL (SEM), with a 97.5% cut-off of 1.4 mg/dL. Serum bilirubin levels are significantly higher in men (0.72 +/- 0.004) than in women (0.52 +/- 0.003 mg/dL) and are lower in non-Hispanic blacks (0.55 +/- 0.005 mg/dL) compared with non-Hispanic whites (0.63 +/- 0.004 mg/dL) and Mexican Americans (0.61 +/- 0.005 mg/dL). Bilirubin concentrations are unrelated to body weight but are reduced in active smokers. Individuals with a history of nondermatological malignancy exhibit significantly lower serum bilirubin concentrations compared with those who do not have a history of nondermatological cancer. In particular, each 1-mg/dL increase in serum bilirubin is associated with a markedly decreased prevalence of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.257; 95% CI 0.254-0.260). In conclusion, serum bilirubin levels vary significantly with gender, race, and smoking status. The observed inverse correlation between serum bilirubin concentrations and a history of nondermatological malignancy, particularly colorectal cancer, warrants further investigation of a potentially important chemopreventive function of bilirubin.
Nocturia during steroid therapy.
Authors: L. Doyle
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MBITALIOLand irregular mottled opacities showed in the chest x-ray.Treatment was started with oxygen and bronchotracheal lavage, followed immedi- ately by intermittent positive pressure ventilation with oxygen-enriched air via an oral cuffed Flotex tube.This was followed by antibiotics, bronchodilator drugs, and steroids; the patient was controlled by relaxants and sedatives.Intravenous Intra- lipid and Aminosol-Fructose-Ethanol was given.On the ninth day of continuous inter- mittent positive pressure ventilation she developed pitting oedema of the face and extremities.Ascites was present with typical signs of everted umbilicus, shifting dullness, and fluid thrill.Biochemical findings revealed that her serum protein, serum electrolytes, and serum osmolarity were within normal limits.She had a normal