tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationship Between Aβ Deposition, Cortical Thickness, and Memory in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals and in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Vincent Doré, Victor L. Villemagne, Pierrick Bourgeat, Jurgen Fripp, Oscar Acosta, Gael Chetélat, Luping Zhou, Ralph Martins, Kathryn A. Ellis, Colin L. Masters, David Ames, Oliver Salvado, Christopher C. Rowe
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. Aβ deposition accelerates gray matter atrophy at early stages of the disease even before objective cognitive impairment is manifested. Identification of at-risk individuals at the presymptomatic stage has become a major research interest because it will allow early therapeutic interventions before irreversible synaptic and neuronal loss occur. We aimed to further characterize the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between Aβ deposition, gray matter atrophy, and cognitive impairment.To investigate the topographical relationship of Aβ deposition, gray matter atrophy, and memory impairment in asymptomatic individuals with Alzheimer disease pathology as assessed by Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PiB-PET).Regional analysis was performed on the cortical surface to relate cortical thickness to PiB retention and episodic memory.The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Study of Aging, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.Ninety-three healthy elderly control subjects (NCs) and 40 patients with Alzheimer disease from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Study of Aging cohort.Participants underwent neuropsychological evaluation as well as magnetic resonance imaging and PiB-PET scans. Fifty-four NCs underwent repeated scans and neuropsychological evaluation 18 and 36 months later.Correlations between cortical thickness, PiB retention, and episodic memory. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in cortical thickness in the precuneus and hippocampus associated with episodic memory impairment in the NC PiB-positive (NC+) group when compared with the NC- group. Cortical thickness was also correlated negatively with neocortical PiB in the NC+ group. Longitudinal analysis showed a faster rate of gray matter (GM) atrophy in the temporal lobe and the hippocampi of the NC+ group. Over time, GM atrophy became more extensive in the NC+ group, especially in the temporal lobe.In asymptomatic individuals, Aβ deposition is associated with GM atrophy and memory impairment. The earliest signs of GM atrophy were detected in the hippocampus and the posterior cingulate and precuneus regions, and with disease progression, atrophy became more extensive in the temporal lobes. These findings support the notion that Aβ deposition is not a benign process and that interventions with anti-Aβ therapy at these early stages have a higher chance to be effective.
Localized intramural drug delivery during balloon angioplasty using hydrogel-coated balloons and pressure-augmented diffusion
Authors: Daniel B. Fram, Thomas Aretz, Michael A. Azrin, Joseph F. Mitchel, Habib Samady, Linda D. Gillam, Ronald Sahatjian, David Waters, Raymond G. McKay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Mandatory HIV Testing
Authors: Ward B. Buckingham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 August 1994Mandatory HIV TestingWard B. Buckingham, MDWard B. Buckingham, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Your position paper on HIV infection [1] prompted the following response:You noted that “when discrimination against persons infected with HIV has been eliminated … then HIV testing can be treated more like other noninvasive diagnostic tests.” What kind of public health approach is that to the only common infectious disease with a guaranteed 100% fatal outcome?Your statement that “sound public health policies should be based on scientific data, not on unwarranted fear and anxiety” is the best argument for requiring HIV testing of all physicians and health care personnel. Knowledge of HIV status eliminates fear ...References1. American College of Physicians and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:310-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 4Page: 309-310KeywordsCaregiversFearHIVHIV infectionsHealth care policyHuman sexual behaviorInfectious diseasesMedical risk factorsPrevention, policy, and public healthPublic policy Issue Published: 15 August 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
1029-18 Early, Long-term Therapy with Enalapril but not Metoprolol or Digoxin Attenuates Cardiocyte Hypertrophy in Dogs with Moderate Heart Failure
Authors: Hani N. Sabbah, Victor G. Sharov, Jane M. Cook, Hisashi Shimoyama, Michael Lesch, Sidney Goldstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
ESOPHAGOTOMY FOR THE REMOVAL OF FALSE TEETH, WITH SOME REMARKS ON COLON ALIMENTATION.
Authors: John A Wyeth
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>History.</h3> —A man, 50 years old, a sculptor by occupation, in good health, on Monday, Feb. 27, 1905, at 11 p. m., in a fit of laughter, dislodged and swallowed an artificial plate of vulcanized rubber to which two false upper incisor teeth were soldered. This plate, crescentic in shape, measured from point to point along the arch two and one-half inches, the direct diameter between the two points of the crescent was one inch and a half, the widest measurement of the place at the center, including the teeth, was five-eighths of an inch. (Fig. 1.) Two hours after the accident he was carried to the city hospital in Cincinnati. The house surgeon introduced his finger deeply into the pharynx, but did not feel any foreign substance. On account of severe spasmodic pains, the patient was given several hypodermics of morphia during that night. At 8:30 the next morning
Scientific psychology and tenure
Authors: James M. Clark
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Ceci et al. draw conclusions that are inaccurate, analyze and report results inappropriately, fail to translate their scale into policy-relevant terms, and draw overly strong conclusions from their single study. They also attribute all the ills of academic appointments to tenure, and ignore problems with other aspects of the system. Their conclusion that tenure is not supported is at best premature.
Spectral analysis of arterial bruits (phonoangiography): experimental validation.
Authors: A Miller, R S Lees, J P Kistler, W M Abbott
Journal: Circulation (1980)

BackgroundInitial studies in our laboratory suggested a com- plex relationship between residual lumen diameter at a stenosis, flow velocity and the power spectrum of the sound produced,1' 2 but further theoretical analysis3 and a sizeable clinical experience3-5 confirmed that the simple relationship f0d = SU accurately describes the production of sound by a vascular stenosis, where f. is
Childhood thyroid cancer since accident at Chernobyl
Authors: V A Stsjazhko, A F Tsyb, N D Tronko, G Souchkevitch, K F Baverstock
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—We wish to report on a meeting of scientists from the three countries most closely affected by the accident at Chernobyl and from the World Health Organisation to review the programme of screening for and diagnosis of childhood thyroid cancer undertaken since the accident in April 1986. While the central purpose of the screening programme was humanitarian, during the review some of the information compiled was deemed to be of scientific interest.

The table shows that, before the accident, the annual incidences of childhood cancer were in line with spontaneous rates in many other parts of the world. For example, the rate observed during 1962-92 in England and Wales was about 0.5/million (E D Williams, personal communication).

In Belarus …
A JAMA Theme Issue on Quality of Care
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This is the week for the annual coordinated theme issue event of the 10 scientific journals of the American Medical Association. Since we began this process of using modified Delphi ballots of our editorial board and senior editorial staff in 1990, we have published on the following themes: 1991—Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured 1992—Violence 1993—Molecular Medicine and Genetics 1994—Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 1995—Emerging and Reemerging Global Microbial Threats 1996—Managed Care 1997—Quality of Care As this theme issue concept has evolved, we have identified the following purposes: • To stimulate research and writing on a specific topic • To emphasize a subject for our readers • To change public knowledge and attitudes • To influence public policy • To provide timely, in-depth reference sources in 1 place • To enhance research funding for a field • To call attention to the messages and to the messengers Since the topics
Endoscopic Study of the Stomach after Selective Proximal Vagotomy in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: H. Fujita, J. Kusama
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Forty patients with duodenal ulcer who underwent selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) with pyloroplasty were examined of intestinal metaplasia before operation, with no increase staining methods, before and after operation. Follow-up periods were between 2 and 9 years after SPV. Reduction rates of acid secretion by SPV were 79 % in BAO and 62 % in MAO. Five patients were observed to have a slight degree of intestinal metaplasia before operation, with no increase after operation. In the remaining 35 patients, staining areas were not observed either before or after operation. The acid-secreting area demonstrated by endoscopic congo red staining tended to become atrophic after SPV. It can be concluded that the reduction of gastric secretion by SPV does not result in rapid development or progress of intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa.
Binding domains of stimulatory and inhibitory thyrotropin (TSH) receptor autoantibodies determined with chimeric TSH-lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin receptors.
Authors: Y Nagayama, H L Wadsworth, D Russo, G D Chazenbalk, B Rapoport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We examined the relative effects of thyrotropin (TSH) and TSH receptor autoantibodies in the sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease on three TSH-lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor extracellular domain chimeras. Each chimera binds TSH with high affinity. Only the chimera with TSH receptor extracellular domains ABC (amino acids 1-260) had a functional (cAMP) response to thyroid stimulatory IgG. The chimeras with TSH receptor domains CD (amino acids 171-360) and DE (amino acids 261-418) were unresponsive. The lack of response of the chimera with TSH receptor domains DE was anticipated because it fails to transduce a signal with TSH stimulation, unlike the other two chimeras. A different spectrum of responses occurred when the TSH-LH/CG chimeras were examined in terms of autoantibody competition for TSH binding. IgG with TSH binding-inhibitory activity when tested with the wild-type TSH receptor also inhibited TSH binding to the chimera with TSH receptor domains DE. Dramatically, however, these IgG did not inhibit TSH binding to the chimera with TSH receptor domains CD, and had weak or absent activity with the chimera with TSH receptor domains ABC. Chimeras with TSH receptor domains ABC and DE were equally effective in affinity-purifying IgG with thyroid-stimulatory and TSH binding-inhibitory activities. Nonstimulatory IgG with TSH binding-inhibitory activity inhibited the action of stimulatory IgG on the wild-type TSH receptor, but not with the chimera containing TSH receptor domains ABC. In summary, TSH receptor autoantibodies and TSH bind to regions in both domains ABC and DE of the TSH receptor extracellular region. Stimulatory and inhibitory TSH receptor autoantibodies, as well as TSH, appear to bind to different sites in domains ABC, but similar sites in domains DE, of the receptor. Alternatively, TSH and the different TSH receptor antibodies bind with differing affinities to the same site in the ABC region.
Changes in Bone Mineral Density in Male Athletes-Reply
Authors: Robert C. Klesges
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The authors of these letters eloquently point out that there are inherent limitations to field research and a balance in any research methodology between control and generalizability. In our article, we were critical of the generalizability of previous laboratory measurements of sweat calcium loss. Our study was conducted under actual training conditions (in which coaches will not allow interruptions), had never been previously attempted, and allowed data to be collected under difficult circumstances. Drs Barr and Heaney question our data on calcium loss in sweat. Since we knew of no other study that examined sweat and calcium loss in a true field setting, we used the general procedures outlined by Tipton et al.<sup>1</sup>Barr and Heaney also suggest that the estimate of calcium loss during training may have been an overestimate due to evaporation. Some overestimation is possible, as we originally discussed. However, it is important to note that
Health impacts of climate change and ozone depletion: an ecoepidemiologic modeling approach.
Authors: W J Martens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Anthropogenic climate changes and stratospheric ozone depletion affect human health in various ways. Current mainstream epidemiologic research methods do not appear well adapted to analyze these health impacts, which involve complex systems influenced by human interventions or simpler processes that will take place in the future. This paper discusses a different paradigm for studying the health impacts of global environmental changes and focuses on the development of integrated ecoepidemiologic models using three examples--the effect of climate change on vector-borne diseases, the effect of climate change on thermal-related mortality, and the effects of increasing ultraviolet levels because of ozone depletion on the rates of skin cancer.
Missed Torsion of an Undescended Testicle Detected by Testicular Scintigraphy
Authors: GHADA S. ASSASSA, MICHAEL E. SIEGEL, DAVID CHEN, MICHAEL E. SPIETH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The authors present a case in which a Tc-99m pertech-netate scan revealed a missed torsion of an undescended testis in a 7-month-old boy who presented with persistent pain in the right inguinal region for 3 days.
The Lord Is Kind to Country Doctors
Authors: Shelley R. Gaines
Journal: JAMA (1984)

When I was a general practitioner in a small town in the South, one of my friends told me the mark of a country doctor is that he has fertilizer on his shoes and a story to tell. I have more stories from my three years as a general practitioner than I do from over 30 years as an ophthalmologist. Around 50 years ago when I started practice, a call came in for me to see a new patient who was in labor. It turned out to be a breech delivery. No hospital was available. I coached Grandma on what she should do. In the mean-time, I had my instruments boiling on the stove. Mother-to-be had a glass with cotton and chloroform, much the same as I've been told Simpson gave Queen Victoria. When the crucial moment arrived, Grandma did fine holding the infant's feet up. I was on my
Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Predictive Value of Carotid Plaque Hemorrhage on Cerebrovascular Events by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Tobias Saam, Holger Hetterich, Verena Hoffmann, Chun Yuan, Martin Dichgans, Holger Poppert, Thomas Koeppel, Ulrich Hoffmann, Maximilian F. Reiser, Fabian Bamberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The empty theatre.
Authors: A Young
Journal: BMJ (1990)

cannot be identified and high doses of oestrogen may be dangerous.Among women with depressed mood (as against depressive disorder) oestrogen has been reported as beneficial by some investigators'9-2' but not others.22Overall, the evidence sug- gests that oestrogen may alleviate depressed mood and induce a sense of wellbeing.Does perimenopausal depression require special treat- ment?If the diagnosis is depressive disorder the primary treatment is not oestrogen but standard psychiatric treatment, whether pharmacological or psychological, or both.The psychological treatment will probably be concerned with emotional reactions to the menopause or to the problems of middle life.If the patient has distressing vasomotor symptoms then oestrogen can be given as an adjunct.If the diagnosis is solely depressed mood the treatment will depend on the cause -counselling and social measures will be appropriate for stressful events or circumstances whereas oestrogen is likely to be appropriate for patients with vasomotor symptoms.Finally, it should be said that the menopause can mean a new lease of life to some women, bringing freedom from menstruation and child bearing.Cultural effects are likely to be important here.2"In some societies, for example, post- menopausal women are given enhanced status.24
Immediate Effects of Intravenous Endotoxin on Serotonin Concentrations and Blood Platelets
Authors: RICHARD B. DAVIS, WILLIAM R. MEEKER, DONALD G. McQUARRIE
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Adult mongrel dogs were given a lethal dose of E. Coli endotoxin by rapid intravenous injection. Total serotonin levels in the serum fell rapidly, with the concentration in the portal vein and pulmonary artery significantly exceeding that in the femoral artery within the first minute after injection. Small rises in plasma serotonin were found in some of the animals. These changes were coincident with a sharp fall in the number of circulating platelets, with striking changes in platelet morphology, and with the initial fall in blood pressure.
Haematuria in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: J. Savige
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Haematuria is often detected incidentally by “dipstick” tests in clinical practice, and much recent discussion in the BMJ has centred round whether haematuria in asymptomatic individuals should always be investigated or whether it can be disregarded. 1 2 Certainly haematuria can sometimes be dismissed as due to contamination with menstrual blood or to a urinary tract infection, but in other cases, as one correspondent chided, why do the test if you are going to ignore the result?

In most cases of dipstick haematuria the next step should be to examine the urine by phase contrast microscopy to confirm the haematuria and determine whether the red cells have originated from the glomerulus or elsewhere in the urinary tract.3 “Dysmorphic” or “glomerular” red cells are present when there is glomerulonephritis with proliferative features and “non-glomerular” red cells when bleeding is from elsewhere in the urinary tract, usually resulting from infections, stones, a tumour, or contamination. Finding haematuria without proteinuria cannot be used to infer a non-glomerular origin since glomerular bleeding is not necessarily accompanied by proteinuria.3

What is the usual source of haematuria in asymptomatic individuals? The …
Inhibitory effect of porcine surfactant on the respiratory burst oxidase in human neutrophils. Attenuation of p47phox and p67phox membrane translocation as the mechanism.
Authors: W Chao, R G Spragg, R M Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Surfactant has been shown to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen intermediates by various cells including alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood neutrophils. Superoxide O2-. production by the respiratory burst oxidase in isolated plasma membranes prepared from PMA-treated human neutrophils was significantly attenuated by prior treatment with native porcine surfactant. The effect was concentration dependent with half-maximal inhibition seen at approximately 0.050 mg surfactant phospholipid/ml. Kinetic analyses of the membrane-bound enzyme prepared from neutrophils stimulated by PMA in the presence or absence of surfactant demonstrated that surfactant treatment led to a decrease in the maximal velocity of O2-. production when NADPH was used as substrate, but there was no effect on enzyme substrate affinity. Immunoblotting studies demonstrated that surfactant treatment induced a decrease in the association of two oxidase components, p47phox and p67phox, with the isolated plasma membrane. In contrast, surfactant treatment of the cells did not alter the phosphorylation of p47phox. A mixture of phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol in a 7:3 ratio) showed similar inhibition of the PMA-induced O2-. generation. Taken together, these data suggest the mechanism of surfactant-induced inhibition of O2-. production by human neutrophils involves attenuation of translocation of cytosolic components of the respiratory burst oxidase to the plasma membrane. The phospholipid components of surfactant appear to play a significant role in this mechanism.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Sacrum
Authors: Chetan Rajadhyaksha, Leonard P. Connolly, Susan A. Connolly, S Ted Treves
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Aneurysmal bone cyst is an uncommon nonneoplastic lesion that occurs predominantly during the first 2 decades of life. Angiographic- and tissue-phase imaging provided more striking evidence of this unexpected lesion than skeletal-phase imaging in a 13-year-old girl with pain in the right buttock and posterior thigh.
Prevention of Relapse in Schizophrenia
Authors: John Geddes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder and a leading cause of disability.1 It affects between 0.4 and 1.4 percent of people during their lives,2 usually beginning in adolescence or early adulthood; less than 20 percent of patients maintain full recovery after the first episode.2 Drug treatment and psychosocial interventions such as family and cognitive therapy3 are the main approaches to preventing relapses. Conventional antipsychotic drugs such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol were introduced in the 1950s and are effective in treating acute psychotic symptoms and in preventing relapse.3,4 The prevention of relapse, however, requires prolonged or even lifelong therapy, which . . .