tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
32,465 Deliveries with Only One Mother's Death
Authors: Stirling G. Pillsbury
Journal: JAMA (1960)

FROM JULY 1, 1945, to June 1, 1960, 32,465 patients were delivered at Memorial Hospital of Long Beach with the loss of only one mother from any cause. This patient had chronic nephritis and died in convulsions following delivery. This series included 1,920 cesarean sections in which there were no deaths. In addition to the above deliveries during these 15 years there were several thousand admissions to the hospital of pregnant women for obstetrical or medical complications. Among these pregnant women there were no deaths. Two deaths occurred in women in early pregnancy who had aborted on the outside and who entered the hospital in a moribund condition after the abortion. During this same period of 15 years the average maternal mortality throughout the United States was 8.6 per 10,000 births.1 In 1945, 20 pregnant women died per 10,000 births. In 1958 this rate had been reduced to 3.5, which
THE CASE OF PATRICIA MAGUIRE
Authors: EUGENE F. TRAUT
Journal: JAMA (1935)

I am publishing the history of the case of Patricia Maguire because of the publicity attendant on it and because of the numerous inquiries concerning the patient. Its principal interest has been the prolonged period of somnolence.  Feb. 5, 1932, Patricia Maguire, a secretary and 26 years old, consulted me because of inability to stay awake. She had had a slight cold four days before. Her tonsils had been removed after several attacks of quinsy many years ago. She had had an uncomplicated, mild influenza in 1918. I had seen her and examined her completely at intervals since May 1930. In the course of these examinations her basal metabolic rate was determined to be normal, her sinuses were found clear by Dr. John Theobald. Urinalysis and blood counts had given normal results. On the last periodic examination, in November 1931, she presented normal conditions and had no complaints.  Her sleepiness,
Alcohol consumption kills 3.3 million people a year, WHO calculates
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Alcohol was responsible for 3.3 million deaths in 2012, equivalent to 5.9% of all deaths in the world, a report by the World Health Organization has estimated.1

About a third (33.4%) of these alcohol related deaths resulted from cardiovascular diseases and diabetes; 17.1% were caused by injuries; 16.2% were due to gastrointestinal diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis; and 12.5% were due to cancers.

The number of deaths has increased since WHO’s previous global report on alcohol, published in 2011, which highlighted 2.5 million deaths each year due to alcohol, or almost 4% of all deaths worldwide.2

The latest report also …
The Good Patient
Authors: J. Galen Buckwalter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The visit to my doctor was not terribly out of the ordinary. I had waited several months, hoping the pain would remit, but the throbbing in my shoulders, initially episodic and activity-related, became constant, woke me early in the morning, and made me reluctant even to try to exercise. So there I was in my doctor's office, waiting. But this time, as I waited, I talked to a digital camera I had perched on the exam table.(Figure)Every time I watch this scene, I cringe — not at the time wasted in waiting, and not even at the . . .
Kenneth Anthony (“Tony”) Kalanyi Kebba
Authors: Frances Gotch
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Kenneth Anthony Kalanyi Kebba (“Tony”) was born in Uganda on 18 March 1970. He undertook his medical training at Makerere University in Kampala and graduated in 1995. Between 1995 and 1996 he undertook a Ugandan Ministry of Health attachment as medical officer at Kabarole Hospital in Fort Portal, Uganda. This was followed by a year as the medical coordinator of the national sleeping sickness control programme in the south eastern region of Uganda based in Jinja at the source of the Nile and close to his family home. During this time Tony gathered much useful experience in practical medicine and public health and began to appreciate more and more the devastating effect that HIV was having in Uganda and elsewhere in Africa. In 1997 Tony joined the Joint Clinical Research Centre in Kampala as medical officer/on-site research clinician in the first HIV vaccine trial in Africa.

Tony knew that Africa was in urgent need of much more intensive research to increase understanding of HIV infection. In 2000 he approached the UK Medical Research Council Ugandan Unit on …
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cervical Cancer: Correlation with Tumor Progression, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression, and Snail Up-Regulation
Authors: Mei-Yi Lee, Cheng-Yang Chou, Ming-Jer Tang, Meng-Ru Shen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by primary carcinoma cells is associated with disrupted epithelial integrity, local invasion, and ultimately metastasis. Little is known about the existence and function of EMT in cervical cancer. This study aims to investigate the regulation of EMT in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Experimental Design: We investigated the molecular events of EMT in surgical specimens, which present the progression of cervical carcinoma. Two cervical cancer cell lines and the primary culture of normal cervical epithelia were used to study the regulatory mechanisms of EMT. Results: The chronic epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment induces the elongation of cell shape, increases cell scattering, and enhances cell invasion. EGF treatment down-regulates E-cadherin and up-regulates vimentin in cervical cancer cells. These characteristics are consistent with the morphologic changes, molecular events, and functional significance of EMT. EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3β, which results in the nuclear accumulation of up-regulated Snail and then leads to EMT program. α5β1 integrin signaling and extracellular matrix fibronectin can modulate EGF-induced EMT. Importantly, the immunofluorescent stainings of surgical specimens indicate that cervical carcinoma progression is accompanied by EGFR overexpression, which is in parallel with decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin. Up-regulation and nuclear accumulation of Snail correlate with EMT program in tumor tissues. Conclusion: EGF cooperates with α5β1 integrin signaling to induce EMT in cervical cancer cells via up-regulated Snail. Blockade of EGFR activity or expression may provide a potential target for the treatment of cervical cancer progression.
Brief physician advice for problem drinkers
Authors: K. A. Bradley
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The trial of brief interventions for heavy drinking, reported by Dr Fleming and colleagues, 1 was impressive with respect to a number of methodological issues. However, I have several comments and questions about their report.  First, the data presented regarding health care utilization seem potentially misleading. From the discussion, it appears that the investigators evaluated several measures of utilization based on patients' medical records and found no difference in utilization between the 2 groups (intervention and control). They also evaluated other health-related outcome measures, all of which showed no relationship to the intervention. Only data on patient reports of days hospitalized are presented, and presumably these were not statistically significant when analyzed for each follow-up time separately. The significant ϰ 2 value for a trend toward increased days hospitalized in the control group might be, in part, an artifact of multiple statistical comparisons. Bias also may have
US cancer mortality continues to fall
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Cancer mortality continues to decline in the United States, with the overall risk of dying from cancer falling by 22% over the two decades from its peak in 1991 of 215.1 deaths per 100 000 population to 168.7 in 2011, the most recent year for which complete data were available, the American Cancer Society has reported.1

The decline translates into more than 1.5 million fewer deaths from cancer than would have been seen during those two decades had the 1991 peak rate persisted.

For the first part of the 20th century US cancer death rates were driven higher by the rapid increase in deaths from lung cancer among men as the result …
Whole Blood Stem Cell Reinfusion and Escalated Dose Melphalan in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Phase 1 Study
Authors: Jonathan Shamash, Jimmy Jacob, Samir Agrawal, Thomas Powles, Katherine Mutsvangwa, Peter Wilson, Justin Stebbing
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Nontaxane-based chemotherapeutic options in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are limited despite the long natural history of the disease. We carried out a phase 1 dose-escalation study of the alkylating agent melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation, comparing rapid changes in circulating tumor cells (CTC) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a measure of response.
Inhibition of the Vasomotor System of the Anesthetized Dog by Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Authors: James J. Jones
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the vasomotor system of 55 dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital were investigated with the innervated, perfused leg preparation attached to the body by the sciatic nerve alone. Injections of these catecholamines into the body of the dog produced a dilatation of the vessels in the skeletal muscle of the perfused limb which was unaltered by cholinergic blockade with atropine and no longer occurred after adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine. Vasomotor inhibition by norepinephrine was greatly reduced after baroreceptor inactivation, whereas a much greater proportion of epinephrine's activity remained and is attributed to sympathetic ganglion blockade.
Rabbits immunized with thyroid-stimulating hormone produce autoantiidiotypic thyroid-stimulating antibodies.
Authors: G N Beall, B Rapoport, I J Chopra, S R Kruger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We immunized rabbits with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to investigate the hypothesis that such immunization could result in production of thyroid-stimulating autoantiidiotypic antibodies to anti-TSH. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) appeared in the serum of several rabbits after immunization. At 160 d, TSI equivalent to 6-18 microU TSH/1.5 mg IgG was present in two of six human (h)TSH-, two of six hTSH beta chain-, and two of the four surviving bovine (b)TSH-immunized animals. Control (human serum albumin-immunized rabbits) serum TSI was 4.3 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- SD) at this time. Antiidiotypic antibodies that could bind to monoclonal anti-hTSH were found in the sera of the bTSH-immunized rabbits. The peak TSI activity occurred 3 mo after a TSH booster immunization and declined gradually during subsequent weeks. Evidence that antiidiotypic antibodies to anti-TSH can cause thyroid stimulation strengthens the notion that such antibodies may be the cause of Graves' hyperthyroidism.
Spontaneous Ca2+ release from a caffeine and ryanodine-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ store in freshly prepared hepatocytes
Authors: Shinji Osada, Yukio Okano, Shigetoyo Saji, Yoshinori Nozawa
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

A considerable fraction of freshly prepared hepatocytes loaded with the fluorescent [Ca2+]i indicator fura-2 exhibited spontaneous rhythmic fluctuations that tended to decrease with increasing length of incubation after isolation. These oscillations were dependent on the external Ca2+. They could no longer be observed when a Ca2+ chelator-(ethylenebis [oxyethylenenitrilo]) tetraacetic acid--was added to medium. Addition of thapsigargin, which is known to release Ca2+ from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive and -insensitive Ca2+ stores, induced a large transient increase in [Ca2+]i and abolished the fluctuations. When the cells were treated with 2 mmol/L caffeine, frequency was increased, whereas 10 mmol/L caffeine induced a single large peak followed by a persistent plateau. Moreover, addition of dibutyryl cAMP led to decreased frequency of fluctuations. Ryanodine caused larger fluctuations; thereafter the [Ca2+]i level became much higher and the spikes ceased. These results suggest that spontaneous rhythmic fluctuations in freshly prepared hepatocytes are driven by Ca2+ release from a caffeine- and ryanodine-sensitive calcium-induced calcium release pool.
Experiences in a Vaginitis Clinic
Authors: Warren R. Lang
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Myers' query is specifically concerned with the omission of any mention of the gonococcus as a cause of vaginitis in adults. In our experience, at least with our patient population, "pure" gonococcal vaginitis without involvement elsewhere of the genital tract is very rare. This is in contradistinction to the situation in the prepubertal female in whom gonococcal vulvovaginitis is more often seen. For that reason<i>Neisseria gonorrheae</i>was not mentioned by name in the text dealing with adult vaginitis. In Table 1 it is included under miscellaneous infections, of which there are many, including Vincent's organisms, tuberculosis, granuloma inguinale, various viral infections, etc. By common agreement it is usually not included among so-called "nonspecific" infections. As stated in the article, most of our patients are referred from other clinics where smears and occasionally cultures for the gonococcus may have been obtained. Moreover, we do screen each
The Innate Immune System After Ischemic Injury
Authors: Gabriel Courties, Michael A. Moskowitz, Matthias Nahrendorf
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Innate immune cells are critically involved in ischemic complications of atherosclerosis. While new insight emerged on the origin and role of leukocytes in steady state, the knowledge about myeloid cells' sources, functions, and fate after stroke is limited. In our review, we highlight open questions in this important area while examining potential parallels in the immune response after stroke and myocardial infarction. We stress the need to better understand systemic interactions between ischemic tissue, immunity, and hematopoiesis, as turnover of leukocytes in inflammatory sites can be rapid, and cell production and supply may serve as future therapeutic targets to modulate inflammation in the vessel wall, brain, and heart.
Creatine kinase-MB fraction and cardiac troponin T to diagnose acute myocardial infarction after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Marcus Müllner, Michael M. Hirschl, Harald Herkner, Fritz Sterz, Thomas Leitha, Markus Exner, Michael Binder, Anton N. Laggner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Aerobic exercise reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increases contractility, Ca2+ sensitivity and SERCA-2 in rat after myocardial infarction
Authors: U Wisløff
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Although it is generally accepted that endurance training improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction the sub-cellular mechanisms are uncertain. The present study reports the effects of aerobic endurance training on myocardial mass, myocyte dimensions, contractile function, Ca2+ handling, and myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes from healthy and failing rat hearts. Methods: Adult female Sprague–Dawley rats ran on a treadmill 1.5 h/day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Exercise intervals alternated between 8 min at 85–90% of VO2max and 2 min at 50–60%. Training started 4 weeks after ligation of the left coronary artery (TR-INF, n=11) or sham operation (TR-SHAM, n=6). Sedentary animals (SED-SHAM, n=6; SED-INF, n=13) were controls. Results: After 6 weeks VO2max in TR-INF and TR-SHAM leveled off 65% above sedentary controls. In TR-SHAM, left and right ventricle weights were ∼25% higher than in SED-SHAM, myocytes were ∼13% longer; width remained unchanged. At physiological stimulation frequencies, relative myocyte shortening was markedly higher whereas peak systolic [Ca2+] and t1/2 of Ca2+ transient decay were 10–20% lower, indicating higher Ca2+ sensitivity in cardiomyocytes from trained rats, compared to respective controls. In TR-INF the left and right ventricular weights, and myocyte length and width were 15, 23, 12, and 20% less than in SED-INF. Endurance training significantly increased the myocardial SR Ca2+ pump (SERCA-2) and sarcolemmal Na+–Ca2+-exchanger (NCX) protein levels to the extent that TR-INF did not differ from SED-SHAM. Conclusion: This is the first study to show that aerobic endurance training attenuates the ventricular and cellular hypertrophy in failing hearts. Furthermore, training consistently restores contractile function, intracellular Ca2+ handling, and Ca2+-sensitivity in cardiomyocytes from rats with myocardial infarction.
Hepatosplenic Scintigraphy in Children With Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: HOMAI DaCOSTA, RAMNIK GANDHI, SNEHLATA DESHMUKH, KAVITA PURI, MERLE LOKEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

This report summarizes our experience using hepatosplenic scintigraphy to study 36 children with obstructive jaundice. Twenty-seven of these patients had intrahepatic obstruction with the remainder exhibiting obstruction of the biliary system outside the liver. All patients with extrahepatic obstruction had choledochal cysts, none of which concentrated rose bengal. Scans with radiocolloid failed to provide definitive information as to the site of obstruction.
A STUDY OF SELECTIVE SERVICE LAW VIOLATORS
Authors: M. J. PESCOR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

1. A study of 708 Selective Service Law violators admitted to the Medical Center for Federal Prisoners during World War II is presented. 2. The subjects naturally group themselves in three categories, namely, technical violators, Jehovah's Witnesses, and conscientious objectors. 3. Technical violators comprise the largest group. They differ very little from the run-of-the-mill prisoners. Only 25% of the technical violators would have been suitable for military service if they had submitted to induction. 4. Jehovah's Witnesses were the next largest group. They refused military service on the grounds that it would interfere with their religious activities or demanded to be exempted from all service on the grounds that they were ministers. Jehovah's Witnesses represent a segment of the noncriminal population of the country. Unlike the technical violators 80% would have been fit for military duty if they had submitted to induction. 5. The conscientious objectors were the least in numbers, but the most in nuisance value. Like the Jehovah's Witnesses the majority were not criminals in the ordinary sense of the word. They refused military or alternative service either because of religious or because of philosophical scruples against war. Only 37% would have been found fit for military duty if they had submitted to induction. 6. Suggestions are made for improving future Selective Service procedures.
Vitamin D protects keratinocytes from deleterious effects of ionizing radiation
Authors: M. Langberg, C. Rotem, E. Fenig, R. Koren, A. Ravid
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Radiotherapy can induce severe skin responses that may limit the clinically acceptable radiation dose. The responses include erythema, dry and moist desquamation, erosions and dermal-epidermal blister formation. These effects reflect injury to, and reproductive failure of, epidermal cells and may also be due to dysregulation of the tissue remodelling process caused by excessive proteolytic activity. Calcitriol, the hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, protects keratinocytes from programmed cell death induced by various noxious stimuli.To examine whether calcitriol protects proliferating keratinocytes from the damage inflicted by ionizing radiation under conditions similar to those employed during radiotherapy.Autonomously proliferating HaCaT keratinocytes, used as a model for basal layer keratinocytes, were irradiated using a linear accelerator. Cell death was monitored by vital staining, executioner caspase activation, lactic dehydrogenase release and colony formation assay. Induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 was assessed by gelatinase activity assay and mRNA determination. Levels of specific proteins were determined by immunoblotting.Treatment with calcitriol inhibited both caspase-dependent and -independent programmed cell death occurring within 48 h of irradiation and increased the colony formation capacity of irradiated cells. These effects may be attributable to inhibition of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase cascade and to upregulation of the truncated antiapoptotic isoform of p63. Treatment with the hormone also attenuated radiation-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein and mRNA levels.The results of this study suggest that active vitamin D derivatives may attenuate cell death and excessive proteolytic activity in the epidermis due to exposure to ionizing radiation in the course of radiotherapy.
A gastrin releasing peptide from the porcine nonantral gastric tissue.
Authors: T J McDonald, G Nilsson, M Vagne, M Ghatei, S R Bloom, V Mutt
Journal: Gut (1978)

This paper presents evidence for the existence in extracts from porcine non-antral gastric tissue of a peptide capable of causing substantial rises of plasma immunoreactive gastrin levels in a dose dependent manner and of stimulation of gastric acid and pepsin secretion. Obtained data show that the peptide is basic and that its gastrin releasing properties are at least partially resistant to atropinisation and beta-receptor blockade. Antrectomy almost eliminates the rise in plasma IRGa when the peptide is administered. The possible relationship of this peptide to amphibian bombesin is discussed.
Tc-99m Tetrofosmin Uptake in Male Breast Cancer
Authors: ATUL MARWAH, RAKESH KUMAR, BHARATHI DASAN J, SANJAY SHARMA, G. P. BANDOPADHYAYA, ARUN MALHOTRA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Breast carcinoma occurs rarely in men. Its imaging by mammography is difficult because male breast tissue is normally small in volume and adequate compression is not possible, which is a prerequisite for performing mammography. The authors describe a 65-year-old man with a right breast mass in whom the result of fine-needle aspiration cytology was inconclusive. A mammogram was also noncontributory because adequate compression was not possible as the mass was tender. Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintimammography showed intense focal uptake in the right breast. Excision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of breast carcinoma.
Patients seeking treatment abroad
Authors: H. Legido-Quigley, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Another challenge for general practice commissioning

If Andrew Lansley’s proposals for reorganisation of the NHS survive parliamentary scrutiny, large numbers of general practice commissioning groups will soon be taking responsibility for purchasing much of the specialist care provided to their patients.1 Many of these groups may already be thinking how they will deal with a very different set of providers, including increasingly independent foundation trusts, some of which may have become social enterprises outside the NHS, and an expanded private sector. They may have given less thought to those patients who choose to seek treatment abroad. Yet they may need to, and as a recent court ruling illustrates,2 this may be more complicated than they realise.

Although the number of patients seeking treatment elsewhere in the European Union is small,3 this could easily change, especially if people are faced with growing waiting lists or other forms of rationing as the new groups seek to control their budgets. British residents have had the right to obtain treatment in another EU country since 1971.4 Initially, the opportunities were limited mainly to people who fell ill when abroad or, less often, when the NHS agreed that there were …