tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depletion of host Langerhans cells before transplantation of donor alloreactive T cells prevents skin graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Miriam Merad, Petra Hoffmann, Erik Ranheim, Sarah Slaymaker, Markus G Manz, Sergio A Lira, Israel Charo, Donald N Cook, Irving L Weissman, Samuel Strober, Edgar G Engleman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
Defects in serum attractant activity in different types of chronic liver disease.
Authors: A G Yousif-Kadaru, I A Rajkovic, R J Wyke, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1984)

Serum attractant activity, measured in 57 patients with chronic liver disease, was significantly reduced in 66% of the 27 patients with alcoholic liver disease and in 29% of the 17 patients with chronic active hepatitis, but was normal in 13 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis despite the presence of established cirrhosis in nearly half of them. In patients with alcoholic liver disease, but not in those with chronic active hepatitis, there was a correlation between the serum defect and severity of liver disease. The defect could not be related to the deficiency of key complement components, raised concentrations of IgA or G or the concurrent presence of bacterial infection. These findings suggest that the aetiology of liver disease may be an important factor in the development of serum attractant abnormalities.
Morbus Crohn des Magens unter dem Bild der „kompletten” Erosionen
Authors: W. Rösch, K. Elster, R. Ottenjann
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

Erosive gastritis is a relativly common uncharacteristic stomach disease. Involvement of the stomach by Crohn's disease has been noted in 15 cases but gastroscopic appearance has been reported very rarely. A histologically proven case of gastric involvement is presented which showed multiple complete erosions on X-ray examination as well as on gastroscopy. The positive biopsy specimen which showed granulomatous lesions was taken from the elevated bulging border of the erosion. Possibly erosive gastritis is the precursor of the often seen contracted antrum in Crohn's disease of the stomach.
Preoperative Bone Scans
Authors: Frank J. Scarra
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The report by Charkes et al (233:516, 1975) concludes that all  for radical mastectomy should have a preoperative bone scan. The need to limit radical breast surgery to those patients likely to benefit from the procedure, ie, those with no distant metastases, lends support to their conclusions.  However, it should be no exaggeration to state that most patients who undergo excisional biopsy of a breast mass or mammographic abnormality are candidates for radical mastectomy. Should all these women have a bone scan before biopsy ?  The conclusions of Charkes et al are based on an unsuspected abnormal bone scan in three patients; no mention is made of these patients' serum alkaline phosphatase levels. It would be of value to know whether selective bone scanning, eg, of patients with abnormal alkaline phosphatase levels or unexplained musculoskeletal pain, would be more commendable than the extensive application these authors have
Review of experimental carcinogenesis by compounds related to vinyl chloride.
Authors: K C Chu, H A Milman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The experimental carcinogenesis results in six compounds related to vinyl chloride are reported. Vinylidene chloride, given by inhalation, was carcinogenic in male CD-1 mice, male CD rats, Sprague-Dawley rats and male Swiss mice. Trichloroethylene, given by gavage and inhalation, was carcinogenic in the B6C3F1 mice. When given by gavage, perchloroethylene was carcinogenic in the B6C3F1 mice, and dichloroethane was carcinogenic in Osborne-Mendel rats and B6C3F1 mice. Dibromoethane, given by gavage and inhalation, was carcinogenic in B6C3F1 mice, F344 rats and Osborne-Mendel rats. Finally, epichlorohydrin was carcinogenic in male Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice.
An automated external defibrillator in the home did not reduce mortality in patients at risk for cardiac arrest
Authors: Munther Homoud
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club19 August 2008An automated external defibrillator in the home did not reduce mortality in patients at risk for cardiac arrestMunther Homoud, MDMunther Homoud, MDTufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (M.H.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-02009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al. Home use of automated external defibrillators for sudden cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1793-804. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18381485Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Cardiology: Public Health: Reference1 Marenco JP, Wang PJ, Link MS, Homoud MK, Estes NA 3nd. Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the role of the automated external defibrillator. JAMA. 2001;285:1193-200. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (M.H.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 August 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 August 2008Volume 149, Issue 4Page: JC2-9KeywordsArrhythmiaHeartResuscitationSudden cardiac death ePublished: 19 August 2008 Issue Published: 19 August 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Judges rule that children can sue for wrongful diagnosis of abuse
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Children can sue the healthcare trusts and local authorities that wrongly conclude that they have been the victims of abuse, the Court of Appeal for England and Wales ruled last week, in a judgment with far reaching consequences.

Three judges, headed by the master of the rolls, Lord Phillips, held that the public policy considerations barring claims of wrongful diagnosis have been swept away by the Human Rights Act, which came into force in October 2000. But the court ruled that it would be against public policy for parents to be able to sue for the harm they suffered as a result of their child's mistaken diagnosis. …
Effect of Diazepam on Awareness during Caesarean Section under General Anaesthesia
Authors: D. J. Turner, J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The use of diazepam for premedication before elective caesarean section increased the incidence of unpleasant recall postoperatively, compared with atropine in a previous study. This finding suggests that diazepam is unsuitable for this type of anaesthesia.
Electronic Health Records: A Guide for Clinicians and Administrators
Authors: John Hornberger
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Balloon dilatation of stenotic portacaval anastomosis
Authors: James E. Bredfeldt, Erik G. Pingoud, Roberto J. Groszmann, David M. Tilson, Harold O. Conn
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Hemorrhage from esophageal varices is an infrequent occurrence after a portacaval anastomosis. A stenotic portacaval anastomosis resulted in persistent portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage. Treatment by transluminal balloon dilatation of the stenotic shunt resolved the hemodynamic abnormality as demonstrated by angiographic and hemodynamic techniques.
Retrograde Conduction from Premature Ventricular Contractions, a Common Occurrence in the Human Heart
Authors: ALBERT D. KISTIN, MILTON LANDOWNE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

On the basis of studies of esophageal electrocardiograms the authors conclude that retrograde conduction to the atria from premature ventricular beats is common and that the theory of normal unidirectional block in the A-V node is not tenable. In most of the cases with retrograde conduction, the latter is not discernible in simultaneously recorded lead II, which explains why the phenomenon has previously been considered rare. Observations on the ventriculoatrial conduction time and the compensatory pause are presented. In two of the cases there are two orders of magnitude of ventriculoatrial conduction time, which, the authors postulate, may be due to two separate pathways of retrograde conduction.
Uricosuria and X-Ray Contrast Agents
Authors: William N. Kelley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Among the factors contributing to the "hazards of hospitalization,"1 or for that matter, the hazards of practicing good medicine, are dangerous complications due to purely diagnostic procedures. One such well recognized though fortunately relatively infrequent complication is the development of acute renal insufficiency after the administration of x-ray contrast agents. The mechanism by which these agents produce renal insufficiency, like that of most potentially nephrotoxic drugs, has not been established.Recently, Mudge (see page 929) as well as our group2 , 3 independently observed that a number of commonly used contrast agents, including iopanoic acid (Telepaque) and sodium ipodate (Oragrafin), and to . . .
TONIC TREATMENT OF HOOPING-COUGH
Authors: G. King
Journal: BMJ (1854)

II_-_good; t~ae cleaning from the tip; ule 84; th wound 1 rty; no wie had e by the ntuMr pass- ag; bqt the "ticling" nton cotinued; yet, when he made an effort, the urine passe copiously through the womd.I passed a bougie to the neck of the bladder, with tie viewof removng any probable obstruction in the anal, am with good efFect; as on the following day, June 27th, urine passed by the natural passage.Toingue clean; boweli open, and indicated a proper restoration of the rectum.Jaw 30th.Urine-passed freely from the wound, but not from the natural passage.I pased the bougie as before, and allowed him to sit up, as urine passed more freely from the natural passage m that position.July 9th.Up to this day he had continued to improve.He had perfect command over the rectum, which indeed was healcd.Urine passed occasionally through the penis, and freely through the wound; and there was reason to suppose that time would effect a cure.u:il O 11 complaint.The severity of the paroxysms of the coug,.and the violent muscular action that is excited by it, are enough to depress the bodily and mental energy, without prostrating the system with daily doses of tartar emetic, etc.In the early stages of pertussis, there are cas, no doubt, which may require tartar emetic, calomel, jalap, etc., as well as antifebrile remedies.It is the repetition of on 13 July
Autoantibodies against beta-adrenoceptors in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: C J Limas, I F Goldenberg, C Limas
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Although it is recognized that the number of cardiac beta-adrenoceptors is reduced in human dilated cardiomyopathy, the mechanisms involved have not been defined. We examined the possible role of altered humoral immunity by comparing the effect of sera from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 20), ischemic or valvular heart disease (n = 28), or controls with no known cardiac disease (n = 18) on the binding of radioligands to cardiac beta-receptors. The ability of sera from cardiomyopathic patients to inhibit the binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol to rat cardiac membranes was significantly higher than that of the other two patient groups (40 +/- 5% at 50-fold serum dilution compared to 14 +/- 3% for the ischemic/valvular heart disease group, and 14 +/- 4% for the normal control group, p less than 0.001). A similar inhibition was exerted by IgG from cardiomyopathic patients. Only the number, not the affinity, of the beta-receptors was decreased by cardiomyopathic sera. This decrease could be prevented by preincubating the sera with anti-human IgG, indicating the presence of autoantibodies. Furthermore, the sera were ineffective against cardiac alpha 1-adrenoceptors and considerably less effective against lung beta 2-receptors. In addition to ligand binding inhibition, sera from cardiomyopathic patients could immunoprecipitate beta-adrenoceptors quantitatively from solubilized cardiac membranes. Positive sera inhibited significantly isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase with no effect on basal or NaF-stimulated activities. These results document the presence in sera from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy of autoantibodies directed against the cardiac beta 1-adrenoceptor which may play an important role in the regulation of inotropic responsiveness to beta-agonists.
Old people's homes: the relatives' view.
Authors: M Nicholson, D White
Journal: BMJ (1993)

On 1 April new arrangements came into force for arranging and funding residential care for elderly people in Britain. From now on those who seem to need full time care will be assessed first by care managers employed by local authority social services departments. This may lead to admission to an old people's home or a nursing home. Local authorities have been told to consult both users and carers about such decisions. But what about relatives who have not actually been giving care directly? The Relatives Association was set up last year as a voluntary organisation for the relatives and friends of older people living in residential homes. Below, its vice president, Mavis Nicholson, a journalist and broadcaster whose mother died of Alzheimer's disease in a residential home last year, gives her personal view of being such a relative. And Dorothy White, the association's founder, explains what the future may hold for elderly residents and their relatives.
Variability in the upper limit of normal for serum alanine aminotransferase levels: A statewide study
Authors: Anand Dutta, Chandan Saha, Cynthia S. Johnson, Naga Chalasani
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We conducted a study to characterize the variability in the upper limit of normal (ULN) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) across different laboratories (labs) in Indiana and to understand factors leading to such variability. A survey was mailed to all eligible labs (n = 108) in Indiana, and the response rate was 62%. The survey queried for ALT ULN, the type of chemical analyzer used, five College of American Pathologists (CAP) sample results, and methods used to establish the reference interval. There was a wide variability in the ALT ULN for both men and women. Eighty-five percent of labs used chemical analyzers belonging to one of the four brands. For all five CAP samples, there was a statistically significant difference in ALT values measured by different analyzers (P < 0.0001), but these differences were not clinically significant. The majority of labs used the manufacturers' recommendations for establishing their ALT ULN rather than in-house healthy volunteer testing (only 17%). When healthy volunteers were tested, the process for testing was haphazard in terms of the number of individuals tested, frequency of testing, and criteria for choosing the reference population. After controlling for chemical analyzer type, there was no significant relationship between ALT ULN values and the method used for its establishment. Conclusion: Wide variability in ALT ULN across different labs is more likely due to variable reference intervals of different chemical analyzers. It may be possible to minimize variability in ALT ULN by (1) each lab solely following the manufacturers' recommendations and (2) manufacturers of different analyzers following consistent and rigorous methodology in establishing the reference range. Alternatively, studies should be undertaken to identify outcome-based reference intervals for ALT. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Can colonic bacterial metabolites predispose to cholesterol gall stones?
Authors: T S Low-Beer, E W Pomare
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The cholesterol content of biliary lipids increased significantly when 16 healthy volunteers ingested deoxycholic acid (DC) for two weeks in a daily dose of 100-150 mg. Serum cholesterol also fell significantly to 88% of the baseline levels. Since DC is formed in the colon we suggest that populations in whom there is a high colonic absorption of bacterially metabolized cholate--that is, DC--have an increased predisposition to cholesterol gall stones.
Preventing Cardiac Events and Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: George Sopko
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Potential effects of correction of inaccuracies of the mini-Wright peak expiratory flow meter on the use of an asthma self-management plan.
Authors: J F Miles, W Tunnicliffe, R M Cayton, J G Ayres, M R Miller
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Patient self-management plans for asthma use peak expiratory flow (PEF) meter readings for decisions on adjusting asthma treatment. PEF meters have been shown to be inaccurate and the effect of this inaccuracy on such treatment plans has been determined. METHODS: PEF measurements were made by 127 severe asthmatic patients at least twice a day for at least two weeks using a mini-Wright meter. The daily variation from "best" PEF and the within day PEF variability were calculated before and after correction for the meter9s known inaccuracy. The effect of this data correction on the number of days when trigger points were reached for changing asthma therapy was then determined. RESULTS: Continuous PEF readings were available from 114 subjects with a median of 157.5 days of data per subject (range 15-489 days). Correction of the PEF data led to the number of days of satisfactory asthma control being reduced in 72% of subjects with just one subject showing an increase in satisfactory control. Data correction reduced the percentage of total days of satisfactory control from 46% to 36% of days, and increased the days requiring more inhaled steroids from 33% to 36%. The days on which a course of oral corticosteroids was required increased from 16% to 23%. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of PEF meters significantly influences the interpretation of currently used asthma self-management plans. Managing asthma with the corrected PEF data would have increased the amount of treatment received by these patients since the severity of the asthma was underestimated by the raw data.
Effect of glucagon on intracellular pH regulation in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets.
Authors: D Alvaro, P Della Guardia, A Bini, A Gigliozzi, S Furfaro, T La Rosa, C Piat, L Capocaccia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

To elucidate mechanisms of glucagon-induced bicarbonate-rich choleresis, we investigated the effect of glucagon on ion transport processes involved in the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets. It was found that glucagon (200 nM), without influencing resting pHi, significantly stimulates the Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity. The effect of glucagon was associated with a sevenfold increase in cAMP levels in rat hepatocytes. The activity of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger was also stimulated by DBcAMP + forskolin. The effect of glucagon on the Cl-/HCO3- exchange was individually blocked by two specific and selective inhibitors of protein kinase A, Rp-cAMPs (10 microM) and H-89 (30 microM), the latter having no influence on the glucagon-induced cAMP accumulation in isolated rat hepatocytes. The Cl- channel blocker, NPPB (10 microM), showed no effect on either the basal or the glucagon-stimulated Cl-/HCO3 exchange. In contrast, the protein kinase C agonist, PMA (10 microM), completely blocked the glucagon stimulation of the Cl-/HCO3- exchange; however, this effect was achieved through a significant inhibition of the glucagon-stimulated cAMP accumulation in rat hepatocytes. Colchicine pretreatment inhibited the basal as well as the glucagon-stimulated Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity. The Na+/H+ exchanger was unaffected by glucagon either at basal pHi or at acid pHi values. In contrast, glucagon, at basal pHi, stimulated the Na(+)-HCO3- symport. The main findings of this study indicate that glucagon, through the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway, stimulates the activity of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets, a mechanism which could account for the in vivo induced bicarbonate-rich choleresis.
Placebo controlled trial of nicotine chewing gum in general practice.
Authors: K Jamrozik, G Fowler, M Vessey, N Wald
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Of 2110 adult cigarette smokers originally recruited to a study of the effect of antismoking advice in general practice, 429 who reported at follow up after one year that they had tried unsuccessfully to stop smoking were offered "a special antismoking chewing gum," either nicotine gum or a placebo gum, in a double blind study. Of 200 who were willing to try the gum, 101 were randomly allocated to the nicotine gum and 99 to the placebo gum. They were followed up at six months by an unannounced home visit, at which they were interviewed and asked to provide a breath sample for analysis of carbon monoxide. Twenty five claimed that they had stopped smoking, but, of them, seven exhaled levels of carbon monoxide indicative of continued smoking. Of the 18 in whom giving up smoking was validated, 10 had received active gum and eight placebo gum, a difference which was not significant (odds in favour of nicotine gum = 1.25, 95% confidence limits 0.47-3.31). The value of nicotine chewing gum, if any, can be quite small when it is used in general practice.