tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Conventional and Intensified Insulin Therapy on Free-Insulin Profiles and Glycemic Control in NIDDM
Authors: Torbjörn H Lindström, Hans J Arnqvist, Henning H von Schenck
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective –To investigate the effects on 24-h insulin and glucose profiles of two- and four-dose insulin regimens in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who have failed oral agent therapy. Research Design and Methods –Ten patients with NIDDM and 10 matched nondiabetic control subjects took part in the study, a randomized crossover trial with 8-wk treatment periods. We determined 24-h profiles of blood glucose and free insulin in control subjects and patients when they were taking oral agents and at the end of each treatment period. The two-dose regimen was mixed (15% regular, 85% NPH) insulin given before breakfast and dinner, and the four-dose regimen was regular insulin given before meals and NPH given at 2200. Results –Patients taking oral agents had higher mean blood glucose than control subjects (mean ± SE 12.6 ± 0.6 vs. 4.5 ± 0.1 mM, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and similar 24-h insulin concentrations but lower postprandial insulin concentrations (at breakfast, 87.6 ± 13.8 vs. 228.6 ± 29.4 pM, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Mean 24-h insulin concentrations were the same on two- and four-dose regimens, and both regimens caused basal hyperinsulinemia. Glycemic control also improved. Postprandial insulin peaks were higher at lunch and dinner on the four-dose regimen, and postprandial blood glucose was lower. Fasting proinsulin was elevated in patients compared with the control subjects (25.1 ± 4.7 pM vs. 5.0 ± 0.9 pM, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and was suppressed to normal during insulin treatment. Conclusions –Two- and four-dose insulin regimens can achieve similar glycemic control. Both regimens cause basal hyperinsulinemia but normalize the hyperproinsulinemia observed during failure of oral agent therapy. Four-dose insulin regimens offer few advantages to the glycemic control achieved with two-dose regimens but may be more physiological.
MMWR Feels the Budgetary Crunch
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

For the past 20 years, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) of the U.S. Public Health Service in Atlanta has been publishing the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) and mailing it free to anyone in the world who requested it.The MMWR is a concise bulletin of public-health information, featuring brief preliminary reports on recent outbreaks of epidemic diseases and diseases of environmental or toxic origin that have been investigated by the CDC or by state and local health departments, sometimes with the help of the CDC. It also provides a running survey of the incidence of the common . . .
Care of England's older people still “unacceptably poor”
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Despite attempts to improve health and other care services for older people in England in the past five years, progress has been inconsistent and patchy, a joint report from three inspection bodies has found.

The Audit Commission, the Healthcare Commission, and the Commission for Social Care Inspection looked at developments in services since the 10 year national service framework for older people was published in March 2001.

Their report highlights the lack of dignity and respect in the way older people are treated when they are in hospital. Standards of care are still “unacceptably poor.” Examples include using wards and bays designated as single sex for both sexes and moving older people from ward to ward, sometimes in the middle of the night and not always for clinical reasons. …
The Effect of Irritants and Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System upon the Mucosa of the Normal Rectum and Rectosigmoid, with Especial Reference to Mucous Colitis
Authors: Benjamin V. White, Chester M. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1938)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — The Effect of Irritants and Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System upon the Mucosa of the Normal Rectum and Rectosigmoid, with Especial Reference to Mucous Colitis
Negotiations on Meal Charges
Authors: E. A. Harvey-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1967)

agreed a formula whereby it will, uider normal circumstances, refer back matters in dispute to the sectional committee, and if the dispute is insoluble a ballot of the sections of the profession concerned will help to decide the issue.East Yorkshire suggest that this will not give a true cross-section of opinion.The most recent ballot produced a 75% response compared (regrettably) with the average 20% attendance at a divisional meeting, and I believe 12% in the last B.M.A. divisional referendum.A similar arrangement is made for the Council in dealing with this matter.Sir, the legal state of the Representative Body demands that it can challenge the autonomous committees and also the Council.The constitution offers a sensible marriage on a democratic basis between authority and autonomy.The Constitution Committee believed the Representative Body should control Council, in every sense; the Representative Body decided it did not wish to elect the majority of the Council.However, a strong and truly representative Council is essential to control and to guide
GCN2 Kinase in T Cells Mediates Proliferative Arrest and Anergy Induction in Response to Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase
Authors: David H. Munn, Madhav D. Sharma, Babak Baban, Heather P. Harding, Yuhong Zhang, David Ron, Andrew L. Mellor
Journal: Immunity (2005)
Low-penetrance susceptibility to breast cancer due to CHEK2*1100delC in noncarriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations
Authors: Hanne Meijers-Heijboer, Ans van den Ouweland, Jan Klijn, Marijke Wasielewski, Anja de Snoo, Rogier Oldenburg, Antoinette Hollestelle, Mark Houben, Ellen Crepin, Monique van Veghel-Plandsoen, Fons Elstrodt, Cornelia van Duijn, Carina Bartels, Carel Meijers, Mieke Schutte, Lesley McGuffog, Deborah Thompson, Douglas F. Easton, Nayanta Sodha, Sheila Seal, Rita Barfoot, Jon Mangion, Jenny Chang-Claude, Diana Eccles, Rosalind Eeles, D Gareth Evans, Richard Houlston, Victoria Murday, Steven Narod, Tamara Peretz, Julian Peto, Catherine Phelan, Hong Xiang Zhang, Csilla Szabo, Peter Devilee, David Goldgar, P Andrew Futreal, Katherine L. Nathanson, Barbara L. Weber, Nazneen Rahman, Michael R. Stratton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Reactions after pertussis vaccine: a manufacturer's experiences and difficulties since 1964
Authors: A H Griffith
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Pertussis vaccines vary in quality, safety, and efficacy according to the production strains of Bordetella pertussis, the method of manufacture, and quality control procedures. It is therefore not justifiable to combine information on the incidence, nature, and severity of reactions after all manufacturers9 pertussis vaccines as if they were a single product. Attempts were made to collect information on all suspected cases of severe reactions that occurred after administration of about 15 million doses of Wellcome pertussis vaccines in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland from 1964 to mid-1977. Altogether six deaths, six neurological reactions with sequelae, and 17 convulsions without sequelae were reported, but some were clearly not attributable to the vaccine, while, in other cases, the available information was inadequate for assessing the role of vaccination. Neurological disorders, similar to those reported in a few children after pertussis vaccination, occur unexpectedly in apparently healthy infants at the recommended age for immunisation, so chance association between vaccination and these events can be expected in some children. The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has made several recommendations aimed at reducing severe reactions after pertussis vaccination. These include replacing plain vaccine with aluminium-adsorbed vaccine, but there is no clear evidence that the aluminium-adsorbed vaccine produces fewer reactions than the plain. There are difficulties enough in deciding the cause of events that occur after vaccination, since these reactions often occur naturally in children of vaccination age. The task is made even harder by the assumption that various manufacturers9 vaccines are the same and the lack of information available to manufacturers about cases in which their vaccine has been implicated. Information on vaccines administered is entered on immunisation records cards; it should be used and referred to if reactions occur.
Rapid Bronchopulmonary Clearance of Technetium-99m DTPA with Renal Uptake
Authors: MOZAFAREDDIN K. KARIMEDDINI, RICHARD P. SPENCER, LARRY A. SPITZNAGLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Rapid disappearance of inhaled Tc-99m DTPA aerosol in a man following trauma suggested nearly free passage across the bronchopulmonary system.
Birth weight and non-insulin dependent diabetes: thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, or surviving small baby genotype?
Authors: D R McCance, D J Pettitt, R L Hanson, L T H Jacobsson, W C Knowler, P H Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To determine the prevalence of diabetes in relation to birth weight in Pima Indians.Follow up study of infants born during 1940-72 who had undergone a glucose tolerance test at ages 20-39 years.Gila River Indian community, Arizona.1179 American Indians.Prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (plasma glucose concentration > or = 11.1 mmol/l two hours after ingestion of carbohydrate).The prevalence was greatest in those with the lowest and highest birth weights. The age adjusted prevalences for birth weights < 2500 g, 2500-4499 g, and > or = 4500 g were 30%, 17%, and 32%, respectively. When age, sex, body mass index, maternal diabetes during pregnancy, and birth year were controlled for, subjects with birth weights < 2500 g had a higher rate than those with weights 2500-4499 g (odds ratio 3.81; 95% confidence interval 1.70 to 8.52). The risk for subsequent diabetes among higher birthweight infants (> or = 4500 g) was associated with maternal diabetes during pregnancy. Most diabetes, however, occurred in subjects with intermediate birth weights (2500-4500 g).The relation of the prevalence of diabetes to birth weight in the Pima Indians is U shaped and is related to parental diabetes. Low birth weight is associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes. Given the high mortality of low birthweight infants selective survival in infancy of those genetically predisposed to insulin resistance and diabetes provides an explanation for the observed relation between low birth weight and diabetes and the high prevalence of diabetes in many populations.
Oral Challenge Tests with Nsaids: Evaluation of Patients Attending a Specialty Clinic in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Authors: Daniel L. Cordeiro, Ullissis Padua Menezes, Janaina Michele de Lima Melo, Priscila B. Botelho Palhas, Karine Boufleur, Juliana L. Poli, Phelipe S. Souza, Isabela Mina, Luisa Karla P. Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
LATE AND VERY LATE STENT THROMBOSIS WITH SECOND GENERATION DRUG-ELUTING STENTS – A SUBANALYSIS OF THE LARGE, PROSPECTIVE DESIRE (DRUG-ELUTING STENT IN THE REAL WORLD) REGISTRY
Authors: Ricardo A. Costa, Amanda Sousa, Adriana Moreira, Jose de Ribamar Costa, Galo Maldonado, Manuel Cano, Lucas Damiani, Cantidio Campos, J. Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Concurrent Quality Assurance in Hospital Care
Authors: Paul J. Sanazaro, Robert M. Worth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To test the feasibility and effects of incorporating concurrent quality assurance (CQA) into the concurrent utilization reviews required by PSRO's, adherence to essential criteria of medical care and attainment of expected immediate outcomes were monitored prospectively in 5604 cases of seven conditions in 24 experimental and 26 control hospitals in five PSRO areas. CQA was not consistently associated with improved documentation in records, but was associated with slightly better adherence to treatment criteria in all five PSRO areas (P less than 0.03). Adherence to pooled documentation or treatment criteria was unrelated to outcomes. However, failure to adhere to disease-specific scientifically validated treatment criteria was associated with unsatisfactory outcomes in bacterial pneumonia (P less than 0.01) and acute myocardial infarction (P less than 0.02). CQA was professionally acceptable, technically feasible and compatible with PSRO reviews. Given adequate physician support, CQA can produce slightly greater adherence to treatment criteria. If the criteria are valid, adherence may lead to improved immediate outcomes in some diseases.
Abstract 1440: Mechanisms of TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast/CAF differentiation in human prostate-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Authors: Woosook Kim, David Barron, Rebeca San Martin, Steven Ressler, David Rowley
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Reactive stroma in prostate cancer is typified by the co-evolution of myofibroblasts/CAFs. This reactive stroma is associated with most human carcinoma and is predictive of progression. TGF-β1 is a key factor in regulating reactive stroma biology. However, the origin of myofibroblasts and the mechanisms of how TGF-β1 recruits, activates and induces their differentiation are essentially unknown. We have identified mesenchymal stem cells from normal human prostate gland and evaluated their biology in a novel 3D co-culture system. Human prostate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hpMSCs) were CD44+/CD90+, expressed other mesenchymal stem cell genes, and exhibited multipotent differentiation patterns. When co-cultured with LNCaP cells in Millicell-CM inserts or co-inoculated in nude mice, self-organizing organoids formed with a core of stromal cells and a peripheral mantel of LNCaP cells. To investigate the role of TGF-β1, the hpMSCs were co-cultured with LNCaP cells engineered to overexpress active TGF-β1. Significantly, LNCaP cells engineered to overexpress TGF-β1 induced hpMSC differentiation to prototypical reactive stroma myofibroblasts. Microarray analysis of stroma revealed 1617 gene probes with more than a 2 fold-change in the presence of TGF-β1, showing that expression of TGF-β1 in LNCaP cells drives differential gene expression in hpMSCs. Of those gene expression profiles, RUNX1 and ID1 were identified as key transcription factors in hpMSCs that mediate TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Knockdown of RUNX1 in hpMSCs significantly promoted differentiation to myofibroblasts. Conversely, overexpression of RUNX1 inhibited a myofibroblast gene expression signature. Together, these data implicate RUNX1 as a major regulator of the stem cell state of tissue-derived myofibroblast stem/progenitor cells and therefore a modulator of the co-evolution of reactive stroma. Furthermore, ID1 may function as a negative regulator of reactive stroma formation by promoting proliferation of transiently amplifying cells and inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation. Our data show that reactive stroma in prostate cancer initiates from activation and differentiation of CD44+/CD90+ endogenous hpMSCs through TGF-β1/RUNX1/ID1 pathway. Understanding these mechanisms is important for developing new strategies to target the microenvironment niche. Citation Format: Woosook Kim, David Barron, Rebeca San Martin, Steven Ressler, David Rowley. Mechanisms of TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast/CAF differentiation in human prostate-derived mesenchymal stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1440. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1440
Epithelial regeneration from bioengineered skin explants in culture
Authors: U. Mirastschijski, R. Bugdahl, O. Rollman, B.R. Johansson, M.S. Ågren
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Artificial skin substitutes are beneficial in the treatment of chronic wounds although their performance relative to authentic human skin is unclear. Objectives We compared the rate of outgrowth and morphology of neoepidermis from a bioengineered skin construct (Apligraf®) with normal adult human skin explants on de‐epidermized human dermal growth substrate with or without intact epidermal basement membrane zone. Methods Epithelial outgrowth of air‐exposed cultures in serum‐supplemented keratinocyte medium was quantified by fluorescence imaging, morphology by light microscopy, biomarkers of keratinocyte activation, proliferation and migration by immunohistochemical analysis, and gelatinases by zymography. Results Resurfacing from bioengineereed skin explants started earlier than from normal skin but subsequently, from day 3 to day 9, the rate of epidermalization from bioengineered skin was only 40% (206 ± 23 µm day−1, mean ± SEM) of that of authentic skin (521 ± 17 µm day−1, P < 0·001). At culture termination at day 11, normal human skin had formed a multilayered and well‐structured neoepidermis covering 41·0 ± 1·2 mm2 of the dermal substrate while bioengineered skin produced a thinner, less organized epithelium covering 20·4 ± 3·0 mm2. At this later stage, a higher expression of β‐defensin‐2, keratin 16, Ki67 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 was found in neoepidermis formed from authentic skin than from bioengineered skin. Activated MMP‐2 was elevated in bioengineered skin‐derived neoepidermis. Minor epithelial outgrowth was noted with either skin type on the dermal substrate devoid of basement membrane zone. Conclusions Cultured normal skin explants produced a more uniform and expansive in vivo‐like neoepidermis than bioengineered skin explants.
The Deadly Innocents: Portraits of Children Who Kill
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Dr Gardiner, psychoanalyst and consulting psychiatrist to schools and prisons, has encountered many youthful offenders in her career. Among these, she selected ten who committed violent crimes, including murder, but were not habitual delinquents. None were psychotic, addicts, or members of gangs. All were lonely, with little or no experience of love or happiness in their lives. She tells their stories vividly and compassionately.  Stephen Spender, in a perceptive preface, comments, In this book everyone is regarded equally as a person. No one is turned into an abstraction, a 'case'... or treated as a bundle of psychological factors and adds, If I had been born into the circumstances of one of these children, I would have acted very much as he did.  Not only does the author show the circumstances leading up to these crimes, but she tells something of the later history of the delinquents. All were sent to
A Randomized Trial of an Intervention to Improve Self-Care Behaviors of African-American Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Thomas C. Keyserling, Carmen D. Samuel-Hodge, Alice S. Ammerman, Barbara E. Ainsworth, Carlos F. Henríquez-Roldán, Tom A. Elasy, Anne H. Skelly, Larry F. Johnston, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether a culturally appropriate clinic- and community-based intervention for African-American women with type 2 diabetes will increase moderate-intensity physical activity (PA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this randomized controlled trial conducted at seven practices in central North Carolina, 200 African-American women, ≥40 years of age with type 2 diabetes, were randomized to one of three treatment conditions: clinic and community (group A), clinic only (group B), or minimal intervention (group C). The clinic-based intervention (groups A and B) consisted of four monthly visits with a nutritionist who provided counseling to enhance PA and dietary intake that was tailored to baseline practices and attitudes; the community-based intervention (group A) consisted of three group sessions and 12 monthly phone calls from a peer counselor and was designed to provide social support and reinforce behavior change goals; and the minimal intervention (group C) consisted of educational pamphlets mailed to participants. The primary study outcome was the comparison of PA levels between groups assessed at 6 and 12 months by accelerometer, which was worn while awake for 7 days. RESULTS—Totals of 175 (88%) and 167 (84%) participants completed PA assessment at 6 and 12 months, respectively. For comparison of PA, the P value for overall group effect was 0.014. Comparing group A with C, the difference in the average adjusted mean for PA was 44.1 kcal/day (95% CI 13.1–75.1, P = 0.0055). Comparing group B with C, the difference in the average adjusted mean was 33.1 kcal/day (95% CI 3.3–62.8, P = 0.029). The intervention was acceptable to participants: 88% were very satisfied with clinic-based counseling to enhance PA, and 86% indicated that the peer counselor’s role in the program was important. CONCLUSIONS—The intervention was associated with a modest enhancement of PA and was acceptable to participants.
Diferences in virological and biochemical breakthroughs in patients with precore mutant HBV related liver diseases treated with lamivudine
Authors: Themistoklis Vasiliadis, Kaliopi Patsiaoura, Adamos Saveriadis, Despina Kolokotroni, Anastasios Voutsas, Olga Giouleme, Nikolaos Nikolaidis, Eleni Orphanou, Nikolaos Evgenidis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
SOX2 and p63 colocalize at genetic loci in squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Hideo Watanabe, Qiuping Ma, Shouyong Peng, Guillaume Adelmant, Danielle Swain, Wenyu Song, Cameron Fox, Joshua M. Francis, Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu, David S. DeLuca, Angela N. Brooks, Su Wang, Jianwen Que, Anil K. Rustgi, Kwok-kin Wong, Keith L. Ligon, X. Shirley Liu, Jarrod A. Marto, Matthew Meyerson, Adam J. Bass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The transcription factor SOX2 is an essential regulator of pluripotent stem cells and promotes development and maintenance of squamous epithelia. We previously reported that SOX2 is an oncogene and subject to highly recurrent genomic amplification in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Here, we have further characterized the function of SOX2 in SCC. Using ChIP-seq analysis, we compared SOX2-regulated gene profiles in multiple SCC cell lines to ES cell profiles and determined that SOX2 binds to distinct genomic loci in SCCs. In SCCs, SOX2 preferentially interacts with the transcription factor p63, as opposed to the transcription factor OCT4, which is the preferred SOX2 binding partner in ES cells. SOX2 and p63 exhibited overlapping genomic occupancy at a large number of loci in SCCs; however, coordinate binding of SOX2 and p63 was absent in ES cells. We further demonstrated that SOX2 and p63 jointly regulate gene expression, including the oncogene ETV4, which was essential for SOX2-amplified SCC cell survival. Together, these findings demonstrate that the action of SOX2 in SCC differs substantially from its role in pluripotency. The identification of the SCC-associated interaction between SOX2 and p63 will enable deeper characterization the downstream targets of this interaction in SCC and normal squamous epithelial physiology.
Cardiac arrhythmias that masquerade as epilepsy.
Authors: G D Schott, A A McLeod, D E Jewitt
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Over six months 10 patients, representing 20% of those referred to a neurological department with possible idiopathic epilepsy, were subsequently considered to have cardiac arrhythmias that caused or significantly contributed to their symptoms. In some cases relevant arrhythmias were shown only after prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring. Although several theoretical and practical factors need to be assessed when considering the cardiac basis for cerebral disturbances, unsuspected cardiac arrhythmias may underlie "epilepsy" in many patients.