tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computerized tomographic scans for headache
Authors: J. D. Sargent
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  In the article, Diagnostic Evaluation of Headache: Impact of Computerized Tomography [CT] and Cost-effectiveness (243:359, 1980), Larson et al are correct in their conclusion that CT scanning of the head in a population with headache as the primary complaint is not cost-effective in picking up intracranial mass lesions. However, such lesions have never been common in any series of patients complaining principally of headache.  The provocative finding in CT scanning of the head in our headache population is the frequency of localized and generalized cerebral atrophy. 1 This finding is supported by other investigators. 2-5 Also, evidence for possible fresh cerebral infarcts are found when CT scans are done during the headache phase. It is too early to close the issue regarding the importance of these findings by saying CT scanning of the head is not cost-effective in a headache population. An ongoing appraisal of these findings
Reduction in blood pressure with a low sodium, high potassium, high magnesium salt in older subjects with mild to moderate hypertension
Authors: J M Geleijnse, J C M Witteman, A A A Bak, J H den Breijen, D E Grobbee
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To examine the effect of a reduced sodium and increased potassium and magnesium intake on blood pressure. <b>Design</b> : Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> : General population of a suburb of Rotterdam. <b>Subjects</b> : 100 men and women between 55 and 75 years of age with untreated mild to moderate hypertension. <b>Interventions</b> : During 24 weeks the intervention group received a mineral salt (sodium: potassium: magnesium 8:6:1) and foods prepared with the mineral salt. Controls received common salt and foods. <b>Main outcome measure</b> : Change in blood pressure. Results - Complete follow up was achieved for 97 of the 100 randomised subjects. Systolic blood pressure (mean of measurements at weeks 8, 16, and 24) fell by 7.6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 4.0 to 11.2) and diastolic blood pressure by 3.3 mm Hg (0.8 to 5.8) in the mineral salt group compared with the controls, with a 28% decrease in urinary sodium excretion and a 22% increase in urinary potassium excretion. Twenty five weeks after the study the difference in blood pressure between the groups was no longer detectable. <b>Conclusion</b> : Replacing common sodium salt by a low sodium, high potassium, high magnesium mineral salt could offer a valuable non -pharmacological approach to lowering blood pressure in older people with mild to moderate hypertension.
Streptococcus mutans Endocarditis
Authors: EDWARD J. HARDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Nine patients with Streptococcus mutans endocarditis were seen between 1966 and 1973. They had the typical clinical picture of subacute bacterial endocarditis, with fever, heart murmur, and multiple positive blood cultures. Five had a history of oral surgery; seven had prior known heart disease. All our isolates of S. mutans were inhibited by penicillin G at 0.1 μg/ml or less; minimal bactericidal concentrations ranged from 1.25 to 50 μg/ml. All patients were treated with penicillin G and streptomycin for 14 to 36 days and cured. It is clinically important to differentiate this organism from group D streptococci to avoid the prolonged therapy necessary to treat the latter type of endocarditis.
Row breaks out over German plan to test law on assisted suicide
Authors: Ned Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The head of the German Medical Association has strongly condemned plans by a retired urologist to help a terminally ill and suffering person to commit suicide to test the law in Germany. Jorg-Dietrich Hoppe warns that he would notify the legal authorities and ask for a prosecution if any such move took place.

In a 14 January newspaper interview Professor Hoppe said that his association does not want “medical doctor assisted suicide to become a medical treatment, because it is not compatible with our medical ethics and because patients would be deeply unsettled” (www.rp-online.de/public/article/aktuelles/wirtschaft/news/521016).

Professor Hoppe’s comments came after reports that Uwe-Christian Arnold, a retired urologist in Berlin who also co-chairs Dignitate-Deutschland, the German branch of the Swiss …
Association Between 7 Years of Intensive Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes and Long-term Mortality
Authors: Trevor J. Orchard, David M. Nathan, Bernard Zinman, Patricia Cleary, David Brillon, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, John M. Lachin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Whether mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus is affected following intensive glycemic therapy has not been established. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether mortality differed between the original intensive and conventional treatment groups in the long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) cohort. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> After the DCCT (1983-1993) ended, participants were followed up in a multisite (27 US and Canadian academic clinical centers) observational study (Epidemiology of Diabetes Control and Complications [EDIC]) until December 31, 2012. Participants were 1441 healthy volunteers with diabetes mellitus who, at baseline, were 13 to 39 years of age with 1 to 15 years of diabetes duration and no or early microvascular complications, and without hypertension, preexisting cardiovascular disease, or other potentially life-threatening disease. <h3>Interventions and Exposures</h3> During the clinical trial, participants were randomly assigned to receive intensive therapy (n = 711) aimed at achieving glycemia as close to the nondiabetic range as safely possible, or conventional therapy (n = 730) with the goal of avoiding symptomatic hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. At the end of the DCCT, after a mean of 6.5 years, intensive therapy was taught and recommended to all participants and diabetes care was returned to personal physicians. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Total and cause-specific mortality was assessed through annual contact with family and friends and through records over 27 years' mean follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> Vital status was ascertained for 1429 (99.2%) participants. There were 107 deaths, 64 in the conventional and 43 in the intensive group. The absolute risk difference was −109 per 100 000 patient-years (95% CI, −218 to −1), with lower all-cause mortality risk in the intensive therapy group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67 [95% CI, 0.46-0.99];<i>P</i> = .045). Primary causes of death were cardiovascular disease (24 deaths; 22.4%), cancer (21 deaths; 19.6%), acute diabetes complications (19 deaths; 17.8%), and accidents or suicide (18 deaths; 16.8%). Higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) were associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 1.56 [95% CI, 1.35-1.81 per 10% relative increase in HbA<sub>1c</sub>];<i>P</i> &lt; .001), as well as the development of albuminuria (HR = 2.20 [95% CI, 1.46-3.31];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> After a mean of 27 years' follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes, 6.5 years of initial intensive diabetes therapy was associated with a modestly lower all-cause mortality rate when compared with conventional therapy. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers:NCT00360815andNCT00360893
Points: Ultrasound screening and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: J. Collin
Journal: BMJ (1988)

gresses more rapidly in this group is in dispute.Although we are unlikely to find premalignant disease in the sexually active girls under 16, we think that cytological screening is useful to educate them about the need for regular cervical smears.These patients are likely to have many sexual partners, have a high prevalence of sexually trans- mitted diseases (770/o-A J Robinson, unpublished data), and be at high risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
The Cellular Basis of Pacing-Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jan Kajstura, Xun Zhang, Yu Liu, Ervin Szoke, Wei Cheng, Giorgio Olivetti, Thomas H. Hintze, Piero Anversa
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Rapid ventricular pacing leads to a cardiac myopathy consisting of an increase in chamber dimension, mural thinning, elevation in ventricular wall stress, and congestive heart failure, mimicking dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. However, contrasting results have been obtained concerning the mechanisms of ventricular dilation and the existence of myocardial hypertrophy. Moreover, questions have been raised regarding the occurrence of myocardial damage and cell loss in the development of the experimental myopathy. Methods and Results The functional and structural characteristics of the heart were studied in conscious dogs subjected to left ventricular pacing at 210 beats per minute for 3 weeks and 240 beats per minute for an additional week. At the time the animals were killed, measurements of myocardial structural integrity and myocyte shape, size, and number were determined by morphometric analysis of the myocardium in situ and enzymatically dissociated cells. The experimental protocol used was associated with overt cardiac failure documented by an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure and +dP/dt in combination with tachycardia, ascites, and pulmonary congestion. Although cardiac weights were not altered, cavitary diameter was increased and wall thickness was decreased from the base to the apex of the heart. Multiple foci of replacement fibrosis, comprising 6% of the myocardium, were detected across the left ventricular wall. Measurements of myocyte size and number documented a 39% loss of cells in the entire ventricle and a 61% increase in volume of the remaining viable myocytes. Myocyte hypertrophy was characterized by a 33% increase in cell length and a 23% increase in transverse area, resulting in a 23% increase in the cell length–to–cell diameter ratio. Pacing did not alter the relative proportion of mononucleated, binucleated, and multinucleated myocytes in the myocardium. Conclusions Myocyte cell loss and myocyte reactive hypertrophy are the major components of ventricular remodeling in pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy.
Abstract 4830: Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells with podoplanin expression in locally advanced and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ching-Ping Tseng, Hung-Chih Lin, Chia-Hsun Hsieh, Hung-Ming Wang, Ju-Chien Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Podoplanin (PDPN) is a biomarker for poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A prospective study was designed to investigate the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with PDPN expression (PDPN+-CTCs) in HNSCC patients. Sixty-one healthy donors and fifty-three HNSCC patients with locally advanced and metastatic diseases were enrolled in this study. CTCs were enriched from the peripheral blood by the negative selection method PowerMag that has been validated in our previous study. Enumeration of CTCs was performed by co-immunofluorescence staining using the anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and anti-PDPN antibodies. The CTCs (EpCAM+) and PDPN+-CTCs (EpCAM+PDPN+) counts between the patients and healthy volunteers were statistically different (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). When assessed the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the patients, we found that the median PFS for the patient group was 8.6 (95% CI: 4.781-12.419) months and the median OS has not reached 50% after the follow-up duration of 9.1 (5.2-17.1) months. Analysis of the CTCs and PDPN+-CTCs counts revealed that neither of them can be considered as a predictive factor for PFS and OS. Notably, the ratio for the PDPN+-CTCs over total CTCs has progonic value in the assessment of PFS and OS. Based on the ROC curve, the prediction of 6-month death could be revealed at the cutoff value of 20% (AUC: 0.718, sensitivity: 94.7%, specificity: 51.7%, p = 0.011). The patients with PDPN+/EpCAM+-CTCs ratio &amp;gt;20% were associated with poor PFS (hazard ratio (HR): 4.666, 95% CI: 1.373-15.856, p = 0.016) and OS (HR: 12.400, 95% CI: 1.643-93.570, p = 0.015). Kaplan-Meier survival curve further confirmed that the PDPN+/EpCAM+-CTCs ratio had significant impact on PFS (p = 0.006) and OS (p = 0.008). In conclusion, CTCs enumeration clearly differentiates HNSCC patients from healthy individuals, while the PDPN+/EpCAM+-CTC ratio is more important than the absolute CTCs count in determining the degree of malignancy and serves as an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Citation Format: Ching-Ping Tseng, Hung-Chih Lin, Chia-Hsun Hsieh, Hung-Ming Wang, Ju-Chien Cheng. Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells with podoplanin expression in locally advanced and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4830. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4830
Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Activates the Mapk/Erk Cascade Synergistically With Tumor Promoter Tpa, But Not With Epidermal Growth Factor or Transforming Growth Factor α
Authors: Junpei Hayashi, Hiroshi Aoki, Kazunori Kajino, Mitsuhiko Moriyama, Yasuyuki Arakawa, Okio Hino
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the mechanism of HCV-related hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. Recently, however, the close relationships between the development of HCC and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade have been described. In the present study, we investigated the effects of HCV core protein on this MAPK/ERK cascade. HCV core protein significantly activated the MAPK/ERK cascade, including Elk1. We also examined whether HCV core protein acted synergistically along with hepatocyte mitogen-mediated MAPK/ERK activation. Interestingly, Elk-1 activities were further enhanced by the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), but not by hepatocyte mitogens (epidermal growth factor [EGF] and transforming growth factor alpha [TGF-alpha]) in NIH3T3 cells and HepG2 cells expressing HCV core protein. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK activation by HCV core protein was blocked in the presence of the specific MEK1 inhibitor, PD98059. These results indicate that ERK activation by HCV core protein may be independent of hepatocyte mitogen-mediated signaling but synergistic with TPA, and HCV core protein may function at MEK1 or farther upstream of that component.
Electron Microscopy in Biology and Medicine.
Authors: V. L. van Breemen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Electron Microscopy in Biology and Medicine.V. L. van Breemen, Ph.D.V. L. van Breemen, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-728_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis presentation will include the following:1. A pictorial review of instrumentation, with explanation of principles.2. An outline of basic techniques.3. A conceptual review of ultrastructural cytology.4. Some case examples of the usefulness of electron microscopy in clinical medicine; electron microscopic studies of muscle and lung biopsies, showing structural pathology that was indistinct or unobserved in routine light microscopic studies of these biopsy specimens.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: V. L. van Breemen, Ph.D.Affiliations: Denver, Colo. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 728-728KeywordsBiopsyCell biologyClinical pathologyElectron microscopyLungsMuscles ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
The cytokeratin filament-aggregating protein filaggrin is the target of the so-called "antikeratin antibodies," autoantibodies specific for rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M Simon, E Girbal, M Sebbag, V Gomès-Daudrix, C Vincent, G Salama, G Serre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the high diagnostic value of serum antibodies to the stratum corneum of rat esophagus epithelium has been widely reported. These so-called "antikeratin antibodies," detected by indirect immunofluorescence, were found to be autoantibodies since they also labeled human epidermis. Despite their name, the actual target of these autoantibodies was not known. In this study, a 40-kD protein (designated as 40K), extracted from human epidermis and specifically immunodetected by 75% of RA sera, was purified and identified as a neutral/acidic isoform of basic filaggrin, a cytokeratin filament-aggregating protein, by peptide mapping studies and by the following evidences: (a) mAbs specific for filaggrin reacted with the 40K protein; (b) the autoantibodies, affinity-purified from RA sera on the 40K protein, immunodetected purified filaggrin; (c) the reactivity of RA sera to the 40K protein was abolished after immunoadsorption with purified filaggrin; (d) the 40K protein and filaggrin had similar amino acid compositions. Furthermore, autoantibodies against the 40K protein and the so-called "antikeratin antibodies" were shown, by immunoadsorption experiments, to be largely the same. The identification of filaggrin as a RA-specific autoantigen could contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and, ultimately, to the development of methods for preventing the autoimmune response.
NORMAL GASTRIC DIGESTION
Authors: MARTIN E. REHFUSS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The normal digestive tract consists of a series of links, each one of which has a special function to perform. The mouth is undoubtedly the coarse comminutor of food; the esophagus is a pipe line or a transit tube; and the stomach can be considered as the first point of arrest for food as it enters the digestive tract proper. To me the stomach is not the essential organ of food digestion, but the great organ for food preparation. It completes the reduction of food to chyme, and for that purpose it shows a clean cut division of labor. Practically all physiologists are agreed that the fundus is essentially more or less of a food reservoir with the minimum of peristalsis, while the antrum is essentially a motor concerned in the fine comminution of food and the final reduction to chyme. There are certain rather well defined conceptions regarding gastric
Improved Protection for Human Research Subjects
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of a mutation in the extracellular domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor conferring cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Clara Montagut, Alba Dalmases, Beatriz Bellosillo, Marta Crespo, Silvia Pairet, Mar Iglesias, Marta Salido, Manuel Gallen, Scot Marsters, Siao Ping Tsai, André Minoche, Somasekar Seshagiri, Sergi Serrano, Heinz Himmelbauer, Joaquim Bellmunt, Ana Rovira, Jeff Settleman, Francesc Bosch, Joan Albanell
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
C/EBP-α and C/EBP-β–mediated adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using PLGA nanoparticles complexed with poly(ethyleneimmine)
Authors: Han Na Yang, Ji Sun Park, Dae Gyun Woo, Su Yeon Jeon, Hyun-Jin Do, Hye-Young Lim, Jae-Hwan Kim, Keun-Hong Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Intimate Partner Violence and Reproductive Coercion: Global Barriers to Women's Reproductive Control
Authors: Jay G. Silverman, Anita Raj
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Jay Silverman and Anita Raj discuss the policies and interventions required to address the range of poor reproductive outcomes for women and adolescents, including loss of reproductive control, associated with intimate partner violence. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Redeployment-based drug screening identifies the anti-helminthic niclosamide as anti-myeloma therapy that also reduces free light chain production
Authors: F L Khanim, B A M E Merrick, H V Giles, M Jankute, J B Jackson, L J Giles, J Birtwistle, C M Bunce, M T Drayson
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Despite recent therapeutic advancements, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable and new therapies are needed, especially for the treatment of elderly and relapsed/refractory patients. We have screened a panel of 100 off-patent licensed oral drugs for anti-myeloma activity and identified niclosamide, an anti-helminthic. Niclosamide, at clinically achievable non-toxic concentrations, killed MM cell lines and primary MM cells as efficiently as or better than standard chemotherapy and existing anti-myeloma drugs individually or in combinations, with little impact on normal donor cells. Cell death was associated with markers of both apoptosis and autophagy. Importantly, niclosamide rapidly reduced free light chain (FLC) production by MM cell lines and primary MM. FLCs are a major cause of renal impairment in MM patients and light chain amyloid and FLC reduction is associated with reversal of tissue damage. Our data indicate that niclosamides anti-MM activity was mediated through the mitochondria with rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and production of mitochondrial superoxide. Niclosamide also modulated the nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathways in MM cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that MM cells can be selectively targeted using niclosamide while also reducing FLC secretion. Importantly, niclosamide is widely used at these concentrations with minimal toxicity.