tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of Functioning Tissue in Horseshoe Kidney Using SPECT
Authors: G THEYER, B C LENTLE, L D SULLIVAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A patient was diagnosed as having a horseshoe kidney at the time of bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m MDP. Radionuclide tomography permitted clear identification of the bridge of functioning renal tissue anterior to the spine.
Breaking the rules with the one you love
Authors: T Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

As a retired general practitioner, she already knew what was wrong with her. It was just a touch of flu - fever, chills, backache, and a bit of vomiting - and she felt she was wasting my time. I took a brief history, examined her on the couch, and did a simple dipstick test. The diagnosis - acute pyelonephritis with dehydration and ketosis - was one she would have made without difficulty in anyone else. But in analysing her own symptoms she had been blind to both the specific problem and the fact that she was ill enough to require urgent admission to hospital.

As someone who …
759 STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN MACROPHAGE-MEDIATED CLEARANCE OF DEAD HEPATOCYTES DETERMINE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LIVER FIBROSIS IN MICE
Authors: Y. Popov, D. Sverdlov, A. Sharma, K.R. Bhaskar, R. Akhouri, M. Tandetnik, T. Konturek, D. Schuppan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
STUDIES ON HEMAGGLUTINATION AND HEMOLYSIS BY ESCHERICHIA COLI ANTISERA
Authors: Erwin Neter, Lee F. Bertram, Dorothy A. Zak, Miriam R. Murdock, Carl E. Arbesman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

A study on hemagglutination and hemolysis by Escherichia coli O111 and O55 (rabbit) antisera and on hemagglutination and hemolysis inhibition by E. coli O111 and O55 antigens revealed the following facts. 1. Red blood cells of man, dog, rabbit, guinea pig, sheep, rat, and chicken adsorb E. coli O111 and O55 antigens and thus become specifically agglutinable by the homologous E. coli antisera. 2. The adsorption of these E. coli antigens is a function of the concentration of the antigen, the time (from 5 minutes to 2 hours) of treatment of the red blood cells with the antigen, and the concentration of the red blood cells used. 3. Red blood cells of man and sheep adsorb simultaneously both antigens, as indicated by the fact that both antisera give agglutination of all red blood cells. Complete agglutination does not occur when a mixture of red blood cells treated separately with the two antigens is added to one or the other of the two antisera. 4. Treatment of red blood cells of man with one of the antigens does not block the adsorption of the second antigen. Human cells treated with either or both antigens are still agglutinated by the homologous blood group (A, B, and Rh)-specific antibodies. 5. In the presence of guinea pig complement, E. coli O111 and O55 antisera produce hemolysis of modified human red blood cells in titers of the same order of magnitude as those giving hemagglutination and bacterial agglutination. The same antisera produce hemolysis of sheep cells treated with the identical antigens in titers exceeding by far those giving agglutination of modified human or sheep red blood cells. 6. Both sediment and supernate of a boiled E. coli suspension are capable of modifying red blood cells for E. coli hemagglutination; in contrast, the supernate obtained from an unboiled suspension and then heated does not modify red blood cells for hemagglutination, although it contains the antigen which can specifically adsorb E. coli antibodies, as shown by means of the hemagglutination and hemolysis inhibition tests. 7. Both the unheated and the boiled suspensions of E. coli O111 and O55 inhibit hemagglutination and hemolysis specifically. 8. Rabbit red blood cells modified by either E. coli O111 or 055 antigens, upon intravenous injection into rabbits, engender specific E. coli antibodies. The significance of the results is discussed.
Lower tracheal and carinal resection associated with subtotal oesophagectomy for carcinoma of oesophagus involving trachea
Authors: D. T. Thompson
Journal: Thorax (1973)

The problem of the patient with a carcinoma of the oesophagus involving the lower trachea and one or other main stem bronchus is discussed. An operation in which the carina was excised and both main bronchi were re-anastomosed to the trachea in association with a subtotal oesophagectomy is described. The criteria for deciding to undertake such an operation are discussed.
Clinical milestones for the prediction of severe anemia by chronic hepatitis C patients receiving telaprevir-based triple therapy
Authors: Eiichi Ogawa, Norihiro Furusyo, Makoto Nakamuta, Eiji Kajiwara, Hideyuki Nomura, Kazufumi Dohmen, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Takeaki Satoh, Koichi Azuma, Akira Kawano, Yuichi Tanabe, Kazuhiro Kotoh, Shinji Shimoda, Jun Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Too Many Physicians: Sound Alarm!
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In late September 1980, the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC), after four years of study, turned in a report to the US Department of Health and Human Services and announced that there will soon be too many physicians. The 21-member committee, appointed to advise, followed the trend so often shown by federally appointed groups and concerned itself with "management," thus demonstrating that federal "advisory" committees haven't changed much during the present decade.<sup>1,2</sup>As reported in<i>American Medical News</i>(Sept 19, 1980), one committee member, Bruce E. Spivey, MD, emphasized the turn of the tide when he said: "We started... with the understanding that we were going to try to<i>describe</i>[emphasis added].... Now, for some reason, we feel compelled to make specific recommendations." Another member, Mr Carl Barrera, assistant general counsel for Metropolitan Life Insurance Co, sounded like the well-known economist, Milton Friedman, when the assistant general counsel
Inhibitors of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Differentially Regulate Eosinophil-activating Cytokine Release from Human Airway Smooth Muscle
Authors: MATTHEW P. HALLSWORTH, LYN M. MOIR, DILYS LAI, STUART J. HIRST
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a potential source of multiple proinflammatory cytokines during airway inflammation. In the present study, we examined a requirement for mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation for interleukin (IL)-1 β -stimulated GM-CSF, RANTES, and eotaxin release. IL-1 β induced concentration-dependent phosphorylation of p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), p38 MAP kinase, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). p42/p44 ERK and p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation peaked at 15 min and remained elevated up to 4 h. SAPK/JNK phosphorylation also peaked at 15 min but fell to baseline within 60 min. SB 203580 selectively inhibited IL-1 β -stimulated activation of p38 MAP kinase; U 0126 was selective against p42/p44 ERK activity. SB 202474, an inactive analog, had no effect on p42/p44 ERK, p38 MAP kinase, or SAPK/JNK activation, or on eotaxin or RANTES release. Eotaxin release was inhibited by SB 203580 and U 0126, whereas RANTES release was prevented by U 0126 only. GM-CSF release was inhibited by U 0126 but enhanced by SB 203580. These data indicate that RANTES release is dependent on p42/p44 ERK activation but occurs independently of p38 MAP kinase activity. Eotaxin release, however, is dependent on both p38 MAP kinase- and p42/p44 ERK-dependent mechanisms. GM-CSF release is p42/p44 ERK dependent and is tonically suppressed by a mechanism that is partially dependent on p38 MAP kinase, though direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity due to poor inhibitor selectivity may also contribute.Keywords: airway smooth muscle; chemokines; mitogen-activated protein kinases; asthma.
Possible mechanism involving T-lymphocyte response to non-structural protein 3 in viral clearance in acute hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: H.M. Diepolder, R. Zachoval, R.M. Hoffmann, M-C. Jung, G.R. Pape, E.A. Wierenga, T. Santantonio, D. Eichenlaub
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Ca2+-growth coupling in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in cultured rat cardiac cells
Authors: K.-i. Kinugawa, T. Takahashi, O. Kohmoto, A. Yao, H. Ikenouchi, T. Serizawa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objectives: There remain some controversies about the effect of angiotensin II on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cardiac myocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate different roles of intracellular Ca2+ in the responses to angiotensin II between cardiac myocytes and nonmyocytes. Methods: Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and nonmyocytes were prepared. [Ca2+]i was measured with indo-1. Cellular growth was assayed by [3H]thymidine uptake, RNA content, [3H]phenylalanine incorporation and protein content. Induction of immediate-early gene was examined by Northern blot analysis. Results: In myocytes, angiotensin II decreased [Ca2+]i transients, induced c-fos mRNA, and accelerated hypertrophy. These effects were completely suppressed by AT1 receptor blockade or protein kinase C inhibition. After chelation of extracellular Ca2+, angiotensin II caused no change in [Ca2+]i or no induction of c-fos in myocytes. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also decreased [Ca2+]i transients, caused c-fos induction, and provoked hypertrophy in myocytes. In nonmyocytes, angiotensin II increased [Ca2+]i transiently, induced c-fos mRNA and hypertrophy. These effects of angiotensin II were not fully abolished by protein kinase C inhibition. Extracellular Ca2+ chelation did not completely inhibit the effects of angiotensin II on [Ca2+]i or c-fos induction in nonmyocytes. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not affect [Ca2+]i or cellular growth in nonmyocytes but did cause c-fos induction. Conclusions: These results suggest that angiotensin II induces cellular hypertrophy and immediate-early genes through the activation of protein kinase C in myocytes, although angiotensin II decreases [Ca2+]i transients via this signaling pathway. Induction by angiotensin II of hypertrophy and immediate-early genes in nonmyocytes may be in part mediated by a transient increase in [Ca2+]i which acts synergistically with protein kinase C activation.
Metabolism of Lithium in the Affective Disorders.
Authors: Stanley R. Platman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Metabolism of Lithium in the Affective Disorders.Stanley R. Platman, M.B.Stanley R. Platman, M.B.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1193_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLithium, an alkali metal, is believed to be of great value in treating the affective disorders. In our clinical research unit, we have conducted metabolic experiments that point to very little difference in the absorption and excretion of this substance in the three phases of manic-depressive illness. However, unlike other alkali metals, lithium is not uniformly distributed and, on both acute and chronic administration, has a consistent gradient in the blood-brain barrier. Various studies have established that lithium is a potent agent in the treatment and control of manic episodes, while it has little or no action upon the depressive... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stanley R. Platman, M.B.Affiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1193-1193KeywordsBlood-brain barrierExcretionMood disorders ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Freud's dual process theory and the place of the a-rational
Authors: Linda A. W. Brakel, Howard Shevrin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

In this commentary on Stanovich &amp; West (S&amp;W) we call attention to two points: (1) Freud's original dual process theory, which antedates others by some seventy-five years, deserves inclusion in any consideration of dual process theories. His concepts of primary and secondary processes (Systems 1 and 2, respectively) anticipate significant aspects of current dual process theories and provide an explanation for many of their characteristics. (2) System 1 is neither rational nor irrational, but instead a-rational. Nevertheless, both the a-rational System 1 and the rational System 2 can each have different roles in enhancing evolutionary fitness. Lastly, System 1 operations are incorrectly deemed “rational” whenever they increase evolutionary fitness.
Alanine and Terbutaline in Treatment of Hypoglycemia in IDDM
Authors: Brian V Wiethop, Philip E Cryer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that, in contrast to administration of glucose or glucagon, administration of the amino acid Ala or of the beta 2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline produces sustained glucose recovery from hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We developed a model of clinical hypoglycemia using subcutaneous injection of insulin (0.15 U/kg) in patients with IDDM. In comparison with nondiabetic subjects, patients with IDDM exhibited reduced glucagon (P = 0.0001), epinephrine (P = 0.0060), and pancreatic polypeptide (P = 0.0001) responses to hypoglycemia. In addition to placebos, the following were administered during hypoglycemia (2 h after insulin injection) in IDDM patients: oral glucose, 10 and 20 g; subcutaneous glucagon, 1.0 mg; oral Ala, 40 g; oral terbutaline, 5.0 mg; and subcutaneous terbutaline, 0.25 mg. RESULTS Glucose (10 and 20 g) and glucagon raised plasma glucose (P = 0.0163, 0.0060, and 0.0001, respectively) from 3.0–3.3 mM to peaks of 5.4 ± 0.4, 6.8 ± 0.7, and 11.8 ± 0.8 mM within 30, 45, and 60 min, respectively, but the responses were transient. Oral Ala raised glucose levels (P = 0.0401) to 4.0 ± 0.4 mM within 30 min; glucose levels then rose gradually to a 6-h value of only 7.1 ± 0.9 mM. Oral terbutaline raised glucose levels (P = 0.0294) to 4.3 ± 0.3 mM within 30 min; glucose levels then rose substantially. In contrast, subcutaneous terbutaline raised glucose levels (P = 0.0249) to 3.7 ± 0.1 mM within 15 min; the levels plateaued at 5.0 mM from ∼60–150 min and then paralleled the placebo curve. CONCLUSIONS Ala and terbutaline produce sustained glucose recovery from hypoglycemia in IDDM and are therefore potentially useful agents for the treatment of mild or moderate iatrogenic hypoglycemia, or the prevention of iatrogenic hypoglycemia, when food intake is not anticipated over the following several hours.
The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists
Authors: Michael A. LaCombe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters4 December 2007The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General InternistsMichael A. LaCombe, MDMichael A. LaCombe, MDFrom MaineGeneral Medical Center, Augusta Campus, Augusta, ME 04330.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Has Opportunity's Door been opened a crack by this article (1) and its accompanying editorial (2)? The medical journals have been rife with articles on the death of internal medicine, or the salvaging of it. But no one seems to link its demise to the lack of procedural skills, and attendant income, for general internists. Nor do these 2 articles go that far. In Table 3 of Wigton and Alguire's article (1), several procedures now performed by U.S. general internists are not listed: echocardiogram interpretation, hemodialysis, bronchoscopy, stress echocardiography, nuclear stress imaging, sleep studies, and even in ...References1. Wigton RS, Alguire P. The declining number and variety of procedures done by general internists: a resurvey of members of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:355-60. [PMID: 17339620] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Duffy FD, Holmboe ES. What procedures should internists do? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:392-3. [PMID: 17339625] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael A. LaCombe, MDAffiliations: From MaineGeneral Medical Center, Augusta Campus, Augusta, ME 04330.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists: A Resurvey of Members of the American College of Physicians Robert S. Wigton and Patrick Alguire What Procedures Should Internists Do? F. Daniel Duffy and Eric S. Holmboe The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists Thomas S. Metkus The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists Robert S. Wigton and Patrick Alguire The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists Jeanne M. Farnan and Vineet M. Arora The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists Join Y. Luh and Bernard M. Karnath Metrics 4 December 2007Volume 147, Issue 11Page: 815KeywordsBronchoscopyConflicts of interestEchocardiographyPacemakersPatientsResearch fundingRheumatologySleepSub-specialty care ePublished: 4 December 2007 Issue Published: 4 December 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Immuno-electron microscopic studies of surface receptors and antigens of human Langerhans cells
Authors: G. ROWDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

A heteroantiserum, prepared in rabbits against fractionated cell membranes of a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line, was used to study the distribution of Ia antigen(s) in human epidermis. Indirect immunofluorescence staining demonstrated specific reactivity of dendritic supra-basal cells, consistent in location with Langerhans cells. Basally located cells were noted in biopsy specimens from vitiliginous skin and from the leukodermatous regions of halo naevi. The specificity of the reaction was confirmed at the ultrastructural level by means of ferritin labelling methods. Cell surface staining was confined in the epidermis to Langerhans cells. Fc and C3' receptors were studied by means of rosetting methods. Negative results were obtained on frozen sections, while 2-3% of cells formed rosettes when applied to an epidermal cell suspension.
Moderate Exercise and High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol
Authors: Dan Streja
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The effects of a 13-week moderate exercise program on fasting plasma insulin, lipids, and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were studied in 32 sedentary, middle-aged men with coronary artery disease. The preponderant component of the exercise program was walking or slow jogging. There was no significant change in the systolic blood pressure and pulse rate product response to a standard exercise load. The high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level increased, and the fasting plasma insulin concentration decreased. There were no significant changes in plasma triglycerides or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In sedentary subjects with coronary artery disease, a modest increase in activity can result in an increase in the HDL-C level and a decrease in the plasma insulin concentration. These changes occurred in the absence of variations in diet, smoking habits, adiposity, or plasma triglyceride concentrations and did not require a cardiovascular training effect.
Analysis of human blood monocyte activation at the level of gene expression. Expression of alpha interferon genes during activation of human monocytes by poly IC/LC and muramyl dipeptide.
Authors: H C Stevenson, G A Dekaban, P J Miller, C Benyajati, M L Pearson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Human monocytes were activated to secrete alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) by poly IC/LC but not by other monocyte activators, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP). In contrast, monocytes were activated to secrete fibroblast growth factor (FGF) release by MDP but not by poly IC/LC. The amount of total RNA present in unactivated and activated human monocytes was similar. Using two 32P-labeled cDNA probes (pLM001 and HuIFN-alpha 2) for human IFN-alpha genes in hybridization studies, we analyzed messenger RNA species from this gene family in activated human monocytes. After activation with poly IC/LC, two other mRNA species (2.8 and 5.5 kb) were detected in addition to the 1.0 kb mRNA normally associated with IFN-alpha secretion. Unexpectedly, monocytes activated with MDP also contained 2.8 kb IFN-alpha mRNA. There was associated with this 2.8 kb IFN-alpha mRNA, found in MDP-activated monocytes, appreciable levels of intracellular IFN-alpha activity in the absence of detectable secreted IFN-alpha. Thus the secretion of IFN-alpha in activated human monocytes can be correlated with the appearance of a 1.0 kb mRNA species after poly IC/LC exposure. Secretion appears to be defective in MDP-stimulated monocytes even though they contain active intracellular IFN-alpha apparently translated from the 2.8 kb mRNA.
P29 COMMENSAL BACTERIA DRIVES THE EXPANSION OF PROINFLAMMATORY T-LYMPHOCYTES IN THE SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSA AND WORSENS THE EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN CCl4 CIRRHOTIC RATS WITH ASCITIS
Authors: L. Muñoz, M.J. Borrero, M. Úbeda, M. Lario, D. Díaz, E. Aguado-Fraile, E. Conde, M. Rodríguez, M.L. García-Bermejo, L. Lledó, M. Álvarez-Mon, A. Albillos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
In-vivo epidermal nuclear reactions: a selective process
Authors: MARGOT S. KOELLE, V. KUMAR, E. H. BEUTNER, T. P. CHORZELSKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Epidermal in-vivo nuclear reactions of IgG occur primarily in patients with mixed connective tissue disease or systemic lupus erythematosus and have been associated with high titres of circulating antibodies to ribonucleoprotein (RNP). This study was carried out to examine whether these epidermal nuclear reactions are true or simply an excision artefact. We observed the epidermal nuclear reactions for IgG only and not for other immunoglobulins in both in-vivo and in-vitro organ-culture studies, despite the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) of all immunoglobulin classes. The association of the in-vitro epidermal nuclear reactions with serum RNP antibodies, although not absolute was statistically significant. The absorption of the serum with extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) preparation diminished the nuclear reactivity on tissue explants. In addition, the penetration of ANA into the nuclei of skin explants was both time and temperature dependent and was inhibited by sodium azide and by oligomycin. We conclude that the epidermal nuclear staining reactions observed by direct immunofluorescence on skin biopsies is selective and that the penetration of IgG into the epidermal cell nuclei is an active process and not an artefact.