tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiological progression and lung function in silicosis: a ten year follow up study.
Authors: T P Ng, S L Chan, K P Lam
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Chest radiographs and spirometric tests were performed on 81 patients who had silicosis from two granite quarries in 1975, 73 of whom were followed up for two to 10 (mean 7.2) years. Each patient's initial and most recent chest radiographs were assessed independently by three experienced readers, and the yearly declines in forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity were estimated from two to four (mean 3.45) serial spirometric readings. Estimates of individual dust exposure were based on extensive historical data on hygiene. All but 11 patients were no longer exposed to dust by the start of follow up, but 24 (45%) of 53 patients who had simple silicosis and 11 (55%) of 20 who had the complicated disease showed radiological evidence of disease progression. In patients who had simple silicosis and showed no radiological progression the yearly declines in forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity were modest (64 ml/year and 59 ml/year, respectively), whereas significantly greater declines in lung function were seen in those who showed radiological evidence of progression (97 ml/year and 95 ml/year, respectively). In addition to radiological progression the previous average dust concentration to which patients had been exposed also influenced declines in both forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity after allowing for the effects of age, smoking, duration of exposure, history of tuberculosis, initial state of disease, and baseline lung function. The probability of radiological progression was most strongly influenced by the average dust concentration previously exposed to. The progression of simple silicosis is thus accompanied by appreciable declines in lung function and is strongly affected by previous levels of exposure to dust.
Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease (Proceedings of the 1984 International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis). Edited by Girish N. Vyas, Jules L. Dienstag and Jay H. Hoofnagle. pp. Xxiii + 728. Orlando: Grune and Stratton, Inc., 1984. $74.50
Authors: William A. Holmes
Journal: Hepatology (1986)
SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA.
Authors: J. C. CULBERTSON
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In the blaze and glory of the heraldry of new remedies and elegant pharmacy, physicians are apt to forget, or at least overlook, some of the old, tried and true preparations. In diverting attention to one of these, no intention is made to cast any slur on, or to detract from, the value and usefulness of others. Half a century ago Pereira proclaimed that sulphate of magnesia was by far the most commonly employed purgative, both by the public and the medical profession, and to state all the cases in which it is administered would be to enumerate nearly the whole catalogue of known diseases. Following in the same line of observation, Stillé says it is taken incomparably oftener without a physician's advice than with it, referring to it as a certain, safe and mild purgative. Similar observations have been made by all writers on our materia medica and I
Stress and Illness
Authors: Paul J. Rosch
Journal: JAMA (1979)

IT IS difficult to pick up a newspaper, magazine, or medical journal today without reading about the role of stress in causing hypertension, heart disease, ulcer, cancer, emotional illness, or an upset in a sporting event. A recent edition of the<i>New York Times</i>had front-page headlines proclaiming that the "Shah's Army Is Showing Stresses," and a Sunday edition told us that Bess Truman was released from the hospital suffering from hypertension and "abdominal stress," while on the next page, a psychiatrist warns that "holiday travel can lead to stress and hostility." Neurosurgeons at major leading institutions claim to be able to improve dramatically the recovery of 10,000 patients with severe head injuries each year by giving barbiturates to comatose patients "to stop the brain from working during the period when it is under most stress." We are told that "stress has surpassed the common cold as the most prevalent
Identification of bipotential progenitor cells in human liver development
Authors: Y Haruna, K Saito, S Spaulding, M A Nalesnik, M A Gerber
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Intermediate filament proteins have been reported to be expressed in a cell lineage-specific manner during morphogenesis. We studied the expression of cytokeratin (CK)14, CK19, and vimentin and of the hepatocyte-specific HepPar1 antigen during the development of human liver. Nineteen fetal livers (gestational ages 4 to 40 weeks), 3 normal infant livers, and 3 normal adult livers were studied by immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin sections with monoclonal anti-CK19, anti-vimentin, and HepPar1 antibodies and polyclonal anti-CK14 antibodies. Double-immunostaining for CK14 and CK19 as well as bile duct cytokeratin and HepPar1 antigen was also done. CK19 and HepPar1 antigen were the first markers detected in immature progenitor cells of the liver primordium at 4 weeks’ gestation. During subsequent liver development, the progenitor cells expressed HepPar1 antigen, CK14, and CK19, from 8 to 14 weeks’ gestation. As hepatocyte differentiation progressed, expression of HepPar1 antigen increased, and CK14 and CK19 were abrogated from hepatoblasts at 14 to 16 weeks’ gestation. In contrast, as progenitor cells transformed into ductal plate cells, CK19 expression increased and persisted in differentiated bile ducts, whereas CK14 and HepPar1 antigen were lost. Vimentin was detected in ductal plate and biliary epithelial cells from 9 to 36 weeks’ gestation, but not in hepatoblasts or hepatocytes. Double-immunostaining confirmed coexpression of CK14 and CK19 in the progenitor cells for a short time (8 to 14 weeks’ gestation) during early development. Double immunostaining for bile duct CK and HepPar1 antigen clearly demonstrated the divergence of the hepatocyte and bile duct epithelial cell lineages. Our findings suggest that hepatic progenitor cells differentiate in steps marked by the acquisition or loss of specific phenotypic characteristics. Commitment of the HepPar1 + CK19 + progenitor cells to either hepatocyte or bile duct epithelial cell lineages results in increased expression of one marker and loss of the other marker. These characteristics clearly identify bipotential hepatic progenitor cells in the developing human liver.
Relationship Between Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis and Tuberculosis
Authors: Kenneth D. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Some cases presently classified as multicentric reticulohistiocytosis may represent unusual manifestations of tuberculosis. Antituberculous chemotherapy may be justified in patients who have clinical and histopathologic evidence of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis in association with a positive tuberculin skin test.
REPORT OF A CASE OF NONPARASITIC CHYLURIA WITH CYSTOSCOPIC FINDINGS
Authors: Joseph Welfeld
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Although a number of cases of nonparasitic chyluria have been reported within the last year or two, nearly all from European sources, it is still a condition rarely encountered, particularly in this country, and cystoscopic findings have been recorded in only a few instances. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —A woman, aged 23, single, born in Chicago of Polish ancestry, who had never resided elsewhere and whose family history was negative, noticed that, beginning at the age of 9, the urine had been of a milky color and consistency. This condition had been continuous except for a period of two weeks, about three years ago, during which time the urine was normal in appearance. When the milky urine first appeared, its onset was spontaneous and was not preceded by trauma, infection, or disturbance of any sort. Despite the peculiar appearance of the urine, the condition was practically symptomless. The patient had
Abnormal regulation of renal kallikrein in experimental diabetes. Effects of insulin on prokallikrein synthesis and activation.
Authors: A A Jaffa, D H Miller, G S Bailey, J Chao, H S Margolius, R K Mayfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The effects of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes and insulin on regulation of renal kallikrein were studied in the rat. 1 and 2 wk after STZ injection, diabetic rats had reduced renal levels and urinary excretion of active kallikrein. Tissue and urinary prokallikrein levels were unchanged, but the rate of renal prokallikrein synthesis relative to total protein synthesis was reduced 30-45% in diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin prevented or reversed the fall in tissue level and excretion rate of active kallikrein and normalized prokallikrein synthesis rate. To further examine insulin's effects, nondiabetic rats were treated with escalating insulin doses to produce hyperinsulinemia. In these rats, renal active kallikrein increased. Although renal prokallikrein was not increased significantly by hyperinsulinemia, its synthesis was increased. As this was accompanied by proportionally increased total protein synthesis, relative kallikrein synthesis rate was not changed. Excretion of active kallikrein was unchanged, but prokallikrein excretion was markedly reduced. Therefore, increased tissue active kallikrein seen with hyperinsulinemia can be explained not only by increased synthesis but also by retention and increased activation of renal prokallikrein. These studies show that STZ diabetes produces an impairment in renal kallikrein synthesis and suggest that this disease state also impairs renal prokallikrein activation. The findings also suggest that insulin modulates renal kallikrein production, activation, and excretion.
Asthma and allergies at school - a Swedish national position paper
Authors: M. P. Borres, G. Abrahamsson, B. Andersson, B. Andersson, G. Brakenhielm, T. Fabricius, C. Haag, L. Rinne-Ljungkvist, T. Foucard
Journal: Allergy (2002)

The marked rise in allergies during the past decade has been increasingly perceptible for school personnel. A quarter of Swedish parents of children with allergies are unsatisfied with the school environment and how the schools are organized around their children. The Association of School Physicians has, together with six other medical, teaching and patient organizations, developed written guidelines for the management of asthma and allergies in Swedish schools. The aim was to regulate the responsibility of the school and its personnel for students with asthma and allergies, and to strengthen safety arrangements within schools. A secondary aim was to describe how the curriculum, teaching equipment, excursions, and other school activities, could be arranged appropriately and safely for students with asthma and allergies. Five-hundred copies of the document were circulated to all of Sweden's municipalities, county councils and pediatric departments. There was general agreement regarding the schools' responsibility that no child should risk becoming ill or having exacerbation of symptoms due to conditions at school. Recommendations regarding smoking on school premises and the use of perfumes were criticised. The strength of this document is that all organizations actively involved with schools have agreed upon these recommendations. This document serves to suggest a minimum level of activities thus ensuring that even students with asthma and allergies will receive appropriate schooling.
Where Are the Health Care Cost Savings With Bariatric Surgery in Obesity Management?
Authors: Allison B. Goldfine, Ashley Vernon, Michael Zinner
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Scintiscan Detection of Splenic Arteriovenous Fistulae
Authors: THOMAS P. DRESSER, B RAMA RAO, JAMES W. WINEBRIGHT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

DRESSER, THOMAS P. M.C., U.S.N.R.; RAO, B RAMA M.C., U.S.N.; WINEBRIGHT, JAMES W. M.C., U.S.N. Author Information
The Action of Intestinal Extracts
Authors: W. E. Dixon, J. H. Wadia
Journal: BMJ (1926)

I-I.-'''--"-:I" i; '~L colntrolled, and the incidence of carditis reduced to a minimum.3. That in it ani instrument of research is provided for iilcreasing our knowledge of the heart of the child and its response to the rheumatic toxin, and that the correlation of records obtainied in such clinics would throwv very valuable light upon tllo nature of the disease.4. Finally, that the cardiac classification proposed offers a suitable basis for such correlation.
The effect of retinol on ito cell proliferation in vitro
Authors: Bernard H. Davis, Angelina Vucic
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Hepatic sinusoidal fat-storing Ito cells are felt to represent the primary storage site for hepatic vitamin A and may be important collagen-producing effector cells during hepatic fibrogenesis. The cirrhotic liver generally has a decreased vitamin A content with increased numbers of “transitional” myofibroblasts adjacent to developing fibrous bands. It has been suggested that Ito cells “transform” into these myofibroblasts. The in vivo loss of Ito cell vitamin A can be simulated in vitro as Ito cells spontaneously lose their vitamin A lipid droplets during primary culture. The current study evaluated Ito cell proliferation in vitro with respect to vitamin A content and the extracellular collagen matrix. The cells were grown on a Type I or Type IV collagen matrix to simulate the types of collagens presumed to be present in the space of Disse. Initially it was observed that freshly isolated Ito cells begin to proliferate several days after isolation coincident with the decline of the vitamin A lipid droplets and a decrease in cellular retinyl palmitate. The proliferation rate for passaged Ito cells was similar on either matrix (on Type I collagen: T1/2 = 2.2 ± 1.1 days, n = 16; on Type IV collagen: T1/2 = 3.3 ± 1.4 days, n = 4; p &lt; 0.11). This proliferation rate remained constant through Cell Generation 16 and was similar to the rate for primary Ito cells in culture. To evaluate the possibility that primary Ito cell proliferation is causally related to the loss of vitamin A, Ito cells were re-exposed to an increased concentration of retinol in vitro . Passaged Ito cells (grown on a Type I or Type IV collagen matrix) which lack vitamin A droplets were exposed to media containing 10 −5 M retinol. Cell proliferation was markedly inhibited for the 2 weeks of observation without apparent loss of cell viability. The effect was noted to be reversible and dose related with a submaximal effect at 10 −6 M retinol. In conclusion, retinol can modulate Ito cell proliferation in vitro and may represent an important controlling factor with respect to Ito cell behavior.
Identification of Cardiac Troponin I Sequence Motifs Leading to Heart Failure by Induction of Myocardial Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Ziya Kaya, Stefan Göser, Sebastian J. Buss, Florian Leuschner, Renate Öttl, Jin Li, Mirko Völkers, Stefan Zittrich, Gabriele Pfitzer, Noel R. Rose, Hugo A. Katus
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Despite the widespread use of cardiac troponins for diagnosis of myocyte injury and risk stratification in acute cardiac disorders, little is known about the long-term effects of the released troponins on cardiac function. Recently, we showed that an autoimmune response to cardiac troponin I (cTnI) induces severe inflammation and subsequent fibrosis in the myocardium. This autoimmune disorder predisposes to heart failure and cardiac death in mice. Methods and Results— To investigate the role of cTnI-specific T cells, T cells were isolated from splenocytes of mice immunized with murine cTnI (mcTnI). Wild-type mice that received mcTnI-specific T cells showed high mcTnI-specific antibody titers, increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, severe inflammation and fibrosis in the myocardium, and reduced fractional shortening. To identify the antigenic determinants of troponin I responsible for the observed inflammation, fibrosis, and heart failure, 16 overlapping 16mer to 18mer peptides covering the entire amino acid sequence of mcTnI (211 residues) were synthesized. Only mice immunized with residues 105 to 122 of mcTnI developed significant inflammation and fibrosis in the myocardium, with increased expression of the inflammatory chemokines RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, T-cell activation-3, and eotaxin and the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5. Mice immunized with the corresponding human cTnI residues 104 to 121 and the mcTnI residues 131 to 148 developed milder disease. Conclusions— Transfer of troponin I–specific T cells can induce inflammation and fibrosis in wild-type mice, which leads to deterioration of contractile function. Furthermore, 2 sequence motifs of cTnI that induce inflammation and fibrosis in the myocardium are characterized.
OBSTETRICS IN ARABIA
Authors: Evelyn Rude
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> You may be interested in some information on obstetrics in Arabia, which is so different from that in America that it is almost unbelievable. I spent two years in Arabia just after the new hospital had opened and when women were fearful of entering unless they were at death's door. The picture is rapidly changing, and more and more normal patients are coming in as they learn our western ways. Of 150 deliveries from July, 1950, to July, 1951, at the Arab hospital in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 110 were normal and 40 were complicated. There were no maternal deaths, and there were 15 prenatal deaths. There were 3 ruptured uteri, 1 marginal placenta previa, 1 central placenta previa, 1 ruptured bladder, 1 head appearing at the anus through the rectum rather than through the vagina, one hand presentation, one patient admitted with all delivered but the head
Differentiation of Small Solitary Pulmonary Nodules Using Tc-99m MIBI and Tl-201 SPECT
Authors: YUKA YAMAMOTO, YOSHIHIRO NISHIYAMA, YUKO FUKUDA, KATASHI SATOH, MOTOOMI OHKAWA, MASATADA TANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

The authors evaluated the ability of dual SPECT with Tc-99m MIBI and Tl-201 chloride to differentiate malignant and benign solitary pulmonary nodules smaller than 3 cm in diameter. Forty-three patients had solitary pulmonary nodules smaller than 3 cm in diameter based on the findings of chest CT. All patients underwent dual-isotope SPECT with Tc-99m MIBI and Tl-201 chloride. Regions of interest were placed over the tumors (T) and contralateral normal lung tissue (N) on one coronal SPECT view, and T:N ratios and retention indices were calculated. The sensitivities of early and delayed Tc-99m MIBI SPECT and early and delayed Tl-201 chloride SPECT for differentiating malignant and benign lesions were 44%, 48%, 56%, and 52%, respectively. The corresponding specificity rates were 44%, 56%, 25%, and 31%, respectively, and corresponding accuracy rates were 44%, 51%, 44%, and 44%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between malignant and benign lesions in the early and delayed T:N ratios for Tc-99m MIBI and Tl-201 chloride and the retention index for Tc-99m MIBI. However, the retention index using Tl-201 chloride in malignant lesions was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in benign lesions. Analysis of semiquantitative parameters of the T:N ratio and retention index from Tc-99m MIBI SPECT appears to have little or no value for differentiating malignant from benign solitary pulmonary nodules smaller than 3 cm in diameter. However, the retention index using Tl-201 chloride seems to be a better parameter for differentiating between these malignant and benign lesions.
Oncogenes and onco-suppressor gene in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.
Authors: J Jankowski, G Coghill, D Hopwood, K G Wormsley
Journal: Gut (1992)

While the activation of the proto-oncogenes has been implicated in the development and progression of cancer of many tissues, the role of oncogenes in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has not been defined. Fifteen patients who had undergone resection for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and 15 who had undergone oesophagectomy or biopsy for Barrett9s oesophagus were studied. The latter patients also had adjacent normal gastric mucosa biopsied for comparison with the metaplastic oesophageal mucosa. The mucosal samples were snap frozen and subsequently stained with monoclonal antibodies to the following oncogene associated proteins; c-erbB2 (neu and CE-1) (external domain), c-erbB2 (NCL-CB11) (internal domain), c-src, c-ras, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, and the onco-suppressor gene--p53. All tumours were well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas arising from the lower third of the oesophagus. Eleven specimens showed strong membraneous staining with both c-erbB2 (neu) and c-erbB2 (CBL-CB11). Seven specimens showed strong nuclear staining with p53 onco-suppressor gene. Three specimens were positive for c-ras and c-src, and two were positive for c-jun. In Barrett9s epithelium, nine specimens were positive for c-erbB2 (neu and CB11), three were positive for c-src, two were positive for c-ras and c-jun, and one was positive for c-fos. Two of the gastric mucosal biopsy specimens expressed c-erbB2 weakly but no other oncogenes were found. The frequency of positive staining for c-erbB2 is very high, compared with the expression of these genes in other tumours. It is also concluded that errors in the onco-suppressor gene p53, and especially in the external and internal domains of c-erbB2, which is also often expressed in Barrett9s mucosa, may be implicated in the development of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.
Anabolic Steroids: Altered States
Authors: James Edward Wright, S Cowart Virginia
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal