tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erlotinib and bevacizumab<i>versus</i>cisplatin, gemcitabine and bevacizumab in unselected nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Michael Thomas, Jürgen Fischer, Stefan Andreas, Cornelius Kortsik, Christian Grah, Monika Serke, Michael von Eiff, Christian Witt, Jens Kollmeier, Ernst Müller, Michael Schenk, Michael Schröder, Matthias Villalobos, Niels Reinmuth, Roland Penzel, Philipp Schnabel, Thomas Acker, Alexander Reuss, Martin Wolf
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Erlotinib with bevacizumab showed promising activity in recurrent nonsquamous (NS) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The INNOVATIONS study was designed to assess in first-line treatment of unselected cisplatin-eligible patients this combination compared to cisplatin, gemcitabine and bevacizumab. Stage IIIB/IV patients with NS-NSCLC were randomised on erlotinib (150 mg daily) and bevacizumab (15 mg·kg −1 on day 1, every 3 weeks) (EB) until progression, or cisplatin (80 mg·m −2 on day 1, every 3 weeks) and gemcitabine (1250 mg·m −2 on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks) up to six cycles and bevacizumab (15 mg·kg −1 on day 1, every 3 weeks) (PGB) until progression. 224 patients were randomised (EB n=111, PGB n=113). The response rate (12% versus 36%; p&lt;0.0001), progression-free survival (median 3.5 versus 6.9 months; hazard ratio (HR) 1.85, 95% CI 1.39–2.45; p&lt;0.0001) and overall survival (median 12.6 versus 17.8 months; HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.97; p=0.04) clearly favoured PGB. In patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (n=32), response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival were not superior with EB. Platinum-based combination chemotherapy remains the standard of care in first-line treatment of unselected NS-NSCLC. Molecular targeted approaches strongly mandate appropriate testing and patient selection.
Complications of Mediastinoscopy
Authors: G. Kliems, B. Savić
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

The purpose of this study is to report on complications experienced after 600 performed mediastinoscopies. Mediastinoscopy was indicated because of: 1. Suspicion of bronchial cancer: n = 292 (48.7%) (♀ = 48 (8%), ♂ = 244 (40.7%), 2. Suspicion of systemic disease: n = 248 (41.3%), 3. Suspicion of mediastinal tumor: n = 33 (5.5%), 4. Suspicion of metastases in lymph nodes caused by tumors of a different localisation, pleural process of unknown origin n = 27 (4.5%). Complications occurred in 3.7% of all cases; the most frequent of which were haemorrhage in 0.67% as well as paresis of the recurrent nerve in 1% which remained permanent in 0.33%. Furthermore, pneumothorax occurred in 0.8% of the cases, but had to be drained in one case only. Severe complications (eg death, bleeding, irreparable paresis of the recurrent nerve) occurred in 1.2% of all cases. We wish to mention a temporary elevation of the diaphragm on the right side, which can be looked upon as a complication rarely described in literature. We noted this in 1% of all cases and ascribe it to an irritation of the phrenic nerve.
Delayed afterdepolarisations and triggered activity in canine Purkinje fibres treated with neuraminidase
Authors: S. KIMURA, S. HAZAMA, S. FUJII, H. NAKAYA, M. KANNO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

We investigated the electrophysiological alterations induced by the removal of sialic acid from the sarcolemma in canine Purkinje fibres. About 70% of total sialic acid content of Purkinje fibres was removed by 120 min of exposure to neuraminidase (1 U X ml-1). The treatment with neuraminidase did not change any of the action potential characteristics at normal Ca2+ concentration (2.7 mmol X litre-1). However, action potential duration and maximum upstroke velocity of phase zero of the action potential were reduced to a greater degree in neuraminidase-treated Purkinje fibres than in non-treated controls at high Ca2+ concentration (8.1 mmol X litre-1). At high Ca2+ concentration, delayed afterdepolarisations were induced in five out of nine neuraminidase-treated Purkinje fibres and triggered activity was observed in two, when driven in trains of 20 stimuli of different cycle length (1000 to 180 ms). No discernible delayed afterdepolarisations were observed in nine non-treated control Purkinje fibres. In addition, the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarisations induced by ouabain (0.2 mumol X litre-1) in neuraminidase-treated Purkinje fibres was larger than non-treated controls. These findings suggest that sialic acid residues of glycocalyx function as a kind of barrier to Ca2+ influx.
Incidence of AIDS and excess of mortality associated with HIV in haemophiliacs in the United Kingdom: report on behalf of the directors of haemophilia centres in the United Kingdom.
Authors: S. C. Darby, C. R. Rizza, R. Doll, R. J. Spooner, I. M. Stratton, B. Thakrar
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To estimate the cumulative incidence of AIDS by time since seroconversion in haemophiliacs positive for HIV and to examine the evidence for excess mortality associated with HIV in those who had not yet been diagnosed as having AIDS. DESIGN--Analysis of data from ongoing national surveys. SETTING--Haemophilia centres in the United Kingdom. PATIENTS--A total of 1201 men with haemophilia who had lived in the United Kingdom during 1980-7 and were positive for HIV. INTERVENTION--None. END POINTS--Diagnosis of AIDS; death in those not diagnosed as having AIDS. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Estimation of cumulative incidence of AIDS and number of excess deaths in seropositive patients not diagnosed with AIDS. Median follow up after seroconversion was 5 years 2 months. Eight five patients developed AIDS. Cumulative incidence of AIDS five years after seroconversion was 4% among patients aged less than 25 at first test positive for HIV, 6% among those aged 25-44, and 19% among those aged greater than or equal to 45. There was little evidence that type or severity of haemophilia or type of factor VIII or IX that had caused HIV infection affected the rate of progression to AIDS. Mortality was increased among those who had not been diagnosed as having AIDS, especially among those with "AIDS related complex." Thirteen deaths were observed among 36 patients diagnosed as having AIDS related complex against 0.65 expected, and 34 deaths in 1080 other patients against 22.77 expected; both calculations were based on mortality rates observed in haemophiliacs in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s. CONCLUSIONS--Rate of progression to AIDS depended strongly on age. There is a substantial burden of fatal disease among patients positive for HIV who have not been formally diagnosed as having AIDS.
The Harms of Screening
Authors: Russell P. Harris, Stacey L. Sheridan, Carmen L. Lewis, Colleen Barclay, Maihan B. Vu, Christine E. Kistler, Carol E. Golin, Jessica T. DeFrank, Noel T. Brewer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Making rational decisions about screening requires information about its harms, but high-quality evidence is often either not available or not used. One reason may be that we lack a coherent framework, a taxonomy, for conceptualizing and studying these harms. <h3>Objective</h3> To create a taxonomy, we categorized harms from several sources: systematic reviews of screening, other published literature, and informal discussions with clinicians and patients. We used this information to develop an initial taxonomy and vetted it with local and national experts, making revisions as needed. <h3>Results</h3> We propose a taxonomy with 4 domains of harm from screening: physical effects, psychological effects, financial strain, and opportunity costs. Harms can occur at any step of the screening cascade. We provide definitions for each harm domain and illustrate the taxonomy using the example of screening for lung cancer. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The taxonomy provides a systematic way to conceptualize harms as experienced by patients. As shown in the lung cancer screening example, the taxonomy also makes clear where (which domains of harms and which parts of the screening cascade) we have useful information and where there are gaps in our knowledge. The taxonomy needs further testing and validation across a broad range of screening programs. We hope that further development of this taxonomy can improve our thinking about the harms of screening, thus informing our research, policy making, and decision making with patients about the wisdom of screening.
The Ocular Comfort and Safety of the Novel Anti-Histamine Bepotastine Besilate Ophthalmic Solution 1.5% in a Healthy Pediatric Population
Authors: E.E. Protzko, P.J. Gomes, J.I. Williams, J.A. Gow, T.R. McNamara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
FDA panel advice may require trials to prove safety of ECT
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A committee of the US Food and Drug Administration has recommended that devices used to deliver electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) should remain classified as class III devices, the highest risk category.

The ruling may require the two companies that make the devices in the United States to conduct trials to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the devices for the first time. The companies say that the cost of such studies may be prohibitive.

The recommendation from the FDA’s neurological devices advisory committee was made on …
Tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy plus exercise training improved clinical and functional outcomes in fibromyalgia
Authors: Charles C. Engel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation van Koulil S, van Lankveld W, Kraaimaat FW, et al. Tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy and exercise training for high-risk patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62:1377-85. 20521308
Handheld Cellular Telephones and Brain Cancer Risk
Authors: Lennart Hardell
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reversal of narcotic-induced delay in gastric emptying and paracetamol absorption by naloxone.
Authors: W S Nimmo, R C Heading, J Wilson, L F Prescott
Journal: BMJ (1979)

mode of action of the clostridial toxin is not yet clear but it may elicit a local Schwartzman reaction, usually resulting in mucosal changes identical with those of acute ischaemia.iIn our patient the location of the vascular damage differed from that postu- lated in classical drug-associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis because the small vessels of the entire bowel wall were affected.Whether this was due to the specific pharmacokinetics of clindamycin or modification of the vascular reaction to putative bacterial toxin by steroids or immunological dysfunction associated with sarcoid, or both, remains speculative.
Sinusoidal endothelial cells from guinea pig liver synthesize and secrete cellular fibronectin in vitro
Authors: Hartmut Rieder, Giuliano Ramadori, Hans-Peter Dienes, Karl-Hermann Meyer Zum Büschenfelde
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Endothelial liver cells were obtained from guinea pig by enzymatic digestion and centrifugal elutriation. Cells were cultured on gelatin and fibronectin pretreated culture vessels. Endothelial cells were characterized by phase-contrast microscopy, electron microscopy and the presence of Factor VIII-related antigen. Fibronectin secretion was determined in cell-free supernatants by a sensitive and specific ELISA and localized on fixed cultured cells by immunofluorescence. [35S]Methionine endogeneously labeled fibronectin was immunoprecipitated from supernatants and cellular lysates and displayed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. After attachment to the culture vessel, one day after plating, endothelial cells start to produce fibronectin as measured by ELISA and demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Secretion of fibronectin increases as cells proliferate to form a confluent monolayer. By immunofluorescence, fibronectin is visualized inside permeabilized cells and as a fibrillar network on the cell surface. Underneath the cell bodies, fibronectin-positive material is present as short strands. From supernatants and cellular lysates, fibronectin is immunoprecipitated with an apparent Mr of about 235,000 obviously larger than plasma fibronectin with an Mr of 220,000, which behaves electrophoretically like fibronectin isolated from early hepatocyte cultures. As endothelial cells incorporate [3H]fucose in fibronectin, whereas hepatocytes do not, we conclude that endothelial cells in contrast to hepatocytes produce cellular fibronectin. Endothelial cells, therefore, are probably the cellular source of the fibronectin present in the space of Disse. The significance of this finding with respect to fibrotic liver disease is discussed.
Overexpression of Syk tyrosine kinase in peripheral T-cell lymphomas
Authors: A L Feldman, D X Sun, M E Law, A J Novak, A D Attygalle, E C Thorland, S R Fink, J A Vrana, B L Caron, W G Morice, E D Remstein, K L Grogg, P J Kurtin, W R Macon, A Dogan
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Topical Reviews in Radiotherapy and Oncology
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1983)

It has been said that in rapidly advancing fields of medicine, such as cancer treatment, textbooks lag so far behind research reports and current journals (which in turn may lag a year or more behind scientific presentations and conferences) that a text is essentially not much more than a long review article. That is true here, and the chapters are presented as such. The text at hand offers a reasonably concise review of many of the tiny but not insignificant steps being taken in cancer treatment that help make up progress in clinical work. The introductory chapter has a thoughtful summary of where we are headed and a number of helpful tips to ease our passage there. A good and overdue chapter on accuracy in histopathology discusses methods of diagnosis in that sometimes arcane field. The tumor marker situation is outlined in a succinct 24-page chapter.
Pre-Existing Fractures and Bone Mass Predict Vertebral Fracture Incidence in Women
Authors: Philip D. Ross, James W. Davis, Robert S. Epstein, Richard D. Wasnich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To determine the independent contributions of bone mass and existing fractures as predictors of the risk for new vertebral fractures. Subjects: Postmenopausal Japanese-American women. Measurements: Baseline measurements of the distal radius, the proximal radius, and the calcaneus were obtained in 1981 using single-photon absorptiometry. Measurements of the lumbar spine were obtained in 1984 using dual-photon absorptiometry. Prevalent vertebral fractures were identified using dimensions measured on lateral radiographs; vertebral height values more than 3 SD below vertebra-specific means were considered to indicate fracture. Statistical models were used to evaluate the utility of bone mass and existing (prevalent) fractures to predict the risk for new fractures during an average follow-up of 4.7 years. Main Results: Differences of 2 SD in bone mass were associated with fourfold to sixfold increases in the risk for new vertebral fractures. A single fracture at the baseline examination increased the risk for new vertebral fractures fivefold. Presence of two or more fractures at baseline increased the risk 12-fold. A combination of low bone mass (below the 33d percentile) and the presence of two or more prevalent fractures increased the risk 75-fold, relative to women with the highest bone mass (above the 67th percentile) and no prevalent fractures. Stature, body mass index, arm span, and spinal conditions such as scoliosis, osteoarthritis, and sacroiliitis did not predict fracture incidence (P > 0.05). Weight was marginally predictive (P = 0.04) of fracture incidence but became nonpredictive after adjusting for bone mass (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: Both bone mass and prevalent vertebral fractures are powerful predictors of the risk for new vertebral fractures. Combining information about bone mass and prevalent fracture appears to be better for predicting new fractures than either variable alone. Physicians can use these risk factors to identify patients at greatest risk for new fractures.
How epithelial cells detect danger: aiding the immune response
Authors: A. B. Vroling, W. J. Fokkens, C. M. Van Drunen
Journal: Allergy (2008)

The epithelial layer occupies a strategic important location between an organisms’ interior and exterior environment. Although as such it forms a physical barrier between both environments, it became clear that the role of the epithelium extends far beyond this rather passive role. Through specialized receptors and other more general mechanisms, the epithelial layer is not only able to sense changes in its environment but also to actively respond to these changes. These responses allow the epithelium to contribute to wound and tissue repair, to the defense against micro‐organisms, and to the control and regulation of the locale immune response. In this review, we focus on signals acting on epithelium from the exterior environment, how these signals are processed and identify research challenges.
Audi Alteram Partem.
Authors: Charles Denison
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The Climatic Causation of Consumption. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have been anxious to read Dr. Baker's paper upon "Climatic Causation of Consumption " ever since I first heard about it. At Newport, during the last meeting of the Association, a friend saluted me with "Doctor, your avocation is<i>busted</i>. Go home and take down your shingle, Baker, of Michigan, has just read a paper proving that consumption is caused by<i>cold, dry air</i>," Now, it is not because of any fear of this jocose prediction being realized that I am writing to you, but for the reason that I was kept from hearing Dr. Baker's views by having to read a paper myself in another Section. I suppose my medical friend has voiced the expectation of others who know me that I would answer such an argument, coming from one who has both time and statistical data at his command for
Who's out of Date?
Authors: E. William Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Doctors are increasingly being blamed for not bringing to their patients enough of the benefits of recent medical progress. Overwork, isolation and frank lack of motivation are cited as contributing toward an inability to keep up to date. Rarely is it suggested that a substantial amount of the trouble might be due to our system of medical education.The fact is, however, that the accelerating accumulation of scientific knowledge has made our style of medical education as out of date as its oldest products, and with less awareness in the universities than in the remotest doctor's office. The amount of . . .
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B regulates platelet activation
Authors: Xuemei Fan, Panlai Shi, Jing Dai, Yeling Lu, Xue Chen, Xiaoye Liu, Kandi Zhang, Xiaolin Wu, Yueping Sun, Kemin Wang, Li Zhu, Cheng Cheng Zhang, Junfeng Zhang, Guo-qiang Chen, Junke Zheng, Junling Liu
Journal: Blood (2014)
Conversion of SO2 to sulfur particulate in the Los Angeles atmosphere.
Authors: P T Roberts, S K Friedlander
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Gas phase and particular phase sulfur have been measured at various locations in the Los Angeles basin to determine atmospheric conversion rates and mechanisms. A new technique was developed for the measurement of particulate sulfur. From measurements of the particulate to gas phase sulfur ratio near the major stationary sources and far downstream and from estimates of travel time determined by air trajectory analysis, it is possible to estimate gas-to-particle conversion rates for sulfur. Such calculations show that automobiles presently contribute a major part of the total sulfur as measured at a receptor site such as Pasadena, while contributing only a small amount to the particulate sulfur loading. The introduction of oxidation catalyst-equipped vehicles may add significantly to the particulate sulfur at downwind receptor sites; predictions of particulate sulfur concentrations near freeways show substantial increases due to such vehicles.
A STUDY OF THE BLOOD PRESSURE BY THE METHOD OF GAERTNER, ESPECIALLY IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM FIBRILLATION OF THE AURICLES
Authors: Alfred E. Cohn, Christen Lundsgaard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

The function of the arteries as an elastic reservoir between the heart and the capillaries is reviewed. The appropriateness of selecting the exit from this reservoir as the point for estimating its effective pressure is shown. The technique for taking the pressure here by the method of Gaertner is described and its advantage and certain apparent disadvantages are indicated. The technique of Gaertner is shown to be especially applicable to the study of the blood pressure in fibrillation of the auricles. The use of this technique has brought out a defect in the so called fractional method of taking the pressure in this condition; the brachial and digital curves cross. Taking pressure of both brachial and digital arteries has shown that certain different types exist; first, that in which both central and peripheral pressures are stable; second, that in which the more central pressure is stable and the peripheral pressure fluctuates; and third, that in which both pressures fluctuate together.
NUTRITION OF THE LENS AND ITS RELATION TO CATARACT FORMATION.
Authors: LOUIS STRICKER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In studying the crystalline lens system, we are confronted by conditions entirely different from those regulating any other organisms of the entire body. Here we find a living structure, the lens, undergoing all the successive changes of development, progression and retrogression, devoid of the usual complicating factors— blood-vessels, nerves and lymphatics—subject to the influence of its nutritive supply, which is brought to it by the vitreous, possibly by the aqueous, both of which are likewise devoid of these complicating factors—bloodvessels, nerves and lymphatics. The lens is also subject to the mechanical influence exerted on its shape by the zonula Zinii. To this latter influence, the lens responds in a purely passive manner, due to the inherent elasticity of its fibers. Subsequent to its embryonal development period of growth, the lens consists of closely packed lamellæ of fibers, which become more densely packed as we approach the center, thus forming the