tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF THE SECONDARY CATARACT KNIFE.
Authors: MELVILLE BLACK
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The use of a knife for enlarging and completing the section in cataract extraction was popular with Mackenzie when he published his "Treatise on the Eye" some fifty years ago. I can not find that the subject has received any attention during recent years except in an article of mine<sup>1</sup>in which I failed to credit Mackenzie with his work because I was unaware of it until Dr. Oscar Wilkinson called my attention to it. It is not my intention to claim any priority in the use of the secondary knife, notwithstanding my knife differs somewhat from any before in use, as well as does my method of using it. This knife was made for me by Tiemann and has served me so well that I have found no reason for modifying it in any way. I should now feel that my armamentarium was incomplete without it, hence it
Justification for Appendicectomy in Chronic Appendicitis
Authors: I. McLennan, J. K. Watt
Journal: BMJ (1954)

M,The child's weight was 12 kg.The fall in body temperature was 1.6' C., from 103.4' F. (39.70 C.) to 100.6'F. (38.1'C.).Assuming the specific heat of body tissues to be 1, then in this cooling the body would give up 20 large calories.The difference, 12 large calories, probably represents much of the endogenous heat produced and removed during the period of cooling.Summary A method of raising and lowering the body tempera- ture in animals and man by the introduction of changes of water into an intragastric bag is described.It has possible applications in the treatment of excessively high and low body temperatures and also in the management of hypothermia in operative surgery.We wish to thank
Efficacy and safety of HOE 901 versus NPH insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. The European Study Group of HOE 901 in type 1 diabetes.
Authors: T R Pieber, I Eugène-Jolchine, E Derobert
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: HOE 901 (Hoechst Marion Roussel, Frankfurt, Germany) is a biosynthetic insulin with a prolonged action. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the long-acting insulin analog HOE 901 with NPH insulin regarding glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 333 type 1 diabetic patients were enrolled in this multinational parallel group trial. Subjects were randomized either to two different formulations of HOE 901 (the formulations differed only in zinc content) or to NPH insulin. The study was only partially blinded because patients can distinguish HOE 901 (a clear solution) from NPH (a cloudy suspension). In addition to premeal injections of regular insulin, patients received HOE 901 at bedtime or NPH once daily at bedtime or twice daily in the morning and at bedtime. RESULTS: Fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly lower with HOE 901 (-1.88 mmol/l. P = 0.0005) as were fasting self-monitored blood glucose levels (-0.80 mmol/l, P = 0.0020). HbA1c levels also showed a significant reduction with HOE 901 (-0.14%) versus NPH (P = 0.030). The overall frequency of hypoglycemia did not differ, but the frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia was significantly (P = 0.0037) lower with HOE 901 (36 vs. 55%). However, this effect on nocturnal hypoglycemia was significant only versus NPH once daily not NPH twice daily. The pattern of adverse events and injection site reactions with HOE 901 was similar to that with NPH. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that HOE 901 achieves better control of fasting glucose and HbA1c levels over 4 weeks, and HOE 901 has a possible safety benefit in terms of nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Lung disease in mice with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: G Kent, R Iles, C E Bear, L J Huan, U Griesenbach, C McKerlie, H Frndova, C Ackerley, D Gosselin, D Radzioch, H O'Brodovich, L C Tsui, M Buchwald, A K Tanswell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The leading cause of mortality and morbidity in humans with cystic fibrosis is lung disease. Advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the lung disease of cystic fibrosis, as well as development of innovative therapeutic interventions, have been compromised by the lack of a natural animal model. The utility of the CFTR-knockout mouse in studying the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis has been limited because of their failure, despite the presence of severe intestinal disease, to develop lung disease. Herein, we describe the phenotype of an inbred congenic strain of CFTR-knockout mouse that develops spontaneous and progressive lung disease of early onset. The major features of the lung disease include failure of effective mucociliary transport, postbronchiolar over inflation of alveoli and parenchymal interstitial thickening, with evidence of fibrosis and inflammatory cell recruitment. We speculate that the basis for development of lung disease in the congenic CFTR-knockout mice is their observed lack of a non-CFTR chloride channel normally found in CFTR-knockout mice of mixed genetic background.
"TRACHOMA AMONG THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS"
Authors: L. Webster Fox
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, February 6, appears my paper on this subject, followed by an elaborate discussion, the latter carrying the inference that the program outlined by the Department of the Interior through its Indian Bureau did not admit of practical application. The reports of the bureau since those remarks were made have shown accomplishments decidedly in advance of what were anticipated, and I take this opportunity to ask that you give publicity to the additional facts supplied to me by Assistant Commissioner Merritt. In the declining days of 1925, he informed me that in 1925 some 68,223 Indians were examined for trachoma, of whom 14,036 were found to have the disease. There were performed 8,455 operations, and 5,581 cases were treated otherwise. This represents only the trachoma work of the special physicians detailed for this purpose. All the Indian Bureau's physicians took part in the program, but
Analysis of cost effectiveness of screening Danish men aged 65 for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: L. Ehlers, K. Overvad, J. Sorensen, S. Christensen, M. Bech, M. Kjolby
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the cost effectiveness of screening men aged 65 for abdominal aortic aneurysm. <b>Design</b> Cost effectiveness analysis based on a probabilistic, enhanced economic decision analytical model from screening to death. <b>Population and setting</b> Hypothetical population of men aged 65 invited (or not invited) for ultrasound screening in the Danish healthcare system. <b>Data sources</b> Published results from randomised trials and observational epidemiological studies retrieved from electronic bibliographic databases, and supplementary data obtained from the Danish Vascular Registry. <b>Data synthesis</b> A hybrid decision tree and Markov model was developed to simulate the short term and long term effects of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm compared with no systematic screening on clinical and cost effectiveness outcomes. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses using Monte Carlo simulation were carried out. Results were presented in a cost effectiveness acceptability curve, an expected value of perfect information curve, and a curve showing the expected (net) number of avoided deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm over time after the introduction of screening. The model was validated by calibrating base case health outcomes and expected activity levels against evidence from the recent Cochrane review of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm. <b>Results</b> The estimated costs per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained discounted at 3% per year over a lifetime for costs and QALYs was £43 485 (€54 852; $71 160). At a willingness to pay threshold of £30 000 the probability of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm being cost effective was less than 30%. One way sensitivity analyses showed the incremental cost effectiveness ratio varying from £32 640 to £66 001 per QALY. <b>Conclusion</b> Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm does not seem to be cost effective. Further research is needed on long term quality of life outcomes and costs.
Technetium-99m Labeled RBC Imaging in Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Gastric Leiomyoma
Authors: USHA A. JOSEPH, SATISH G. JHINGRAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging is becoming increasingly useful in detecting gastrointestinal (Gl) bleeding sites. A patient is presented who had massive Gl bleeding from an unsuspected gastric leiomyoma in whom a Tc-99m sulfur colloid Gl bleed image was negative. The Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging done on the day after sulfur colloid imaging revealed increased gastric activity due to active bleeding from an intragastric leiomyoma. Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging helped in early detection of the bleeding site resulting in its successful treatment. This experience also reinforces the assertion that Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging may be more helpful than Tc-99m sulfur colloid imaging in patients with upper Gl or intermittent bleeding.
Natural Killer Cells in Pregnancy and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Endocrine and Immunologic Perspectives
Authors: Chrysoula Dosiou, Linda C. Giudice
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2004)

The endocrine system and the immune system interact closely during implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. One of the most striking examples of this communication is at the level of the decidua (endometrium of pregnancy). Here, under the influence of sex steroids, there is a dramatic increase of a unique population of lymphocytes, the uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, in early pregnancy. These cells derive predominantly from a subset of peripheral blood NK cells, which under hormonal influence gets recruited to the uterus. In mice, uNK cells play an important role in the development of placental vasculature. The role of these cells in human pregnancy is still not definitively established; however, they are believed to promote placental and trophoblast growth and provide immunomodulation at the maternal-fetal interface. In contrast to their presumptive role in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy, uNK cells and peripheral NK cells are dysregulated in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Herein, we review NK cell populations, their changes in number and function in altered endocrine environments during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, the current data on their potential role in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss, and mechanisms for potential therapies targeted to NK cell function for this enigmatic disorder.
EFFECTS OF VARIOUS IMMUNE RABBIT SERUMS ON THE CELLS OF SEVERAL TRANSPLANTED MOUSE LYMPHOMAS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Authors: Steven C. Mohos, John G. Kidd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Immune serums prepared in rabbits with antigens made from normal mouse organs and tissues that were presumably devoid of large numbers of lymphocytic cells (notably kidney, liver, brain, whole embryos, and erythrocytes) proved lethal for the cells of several transplanted mouse lymphomas in vitro in the presence of complement; but these immune serums, when given intraperitoneally in large amounts to susceptible mice that had been implanted subcutaneously with lymphoma cells of one or another of several types, failed entirely to inhibit growth of the lymphoma cells in vivo. In contrast, immune serums made with cells procured from transplanted mouse lymphomas as antigens, and those made with cells from normal mouse thymus or lymph nodes, acted even more powerfully upon the several types of lymphoma cells in vitro than did the immune serums prepared with normal mouse organs, and when given intraperitoneally to implanted mice they brought about death of the lymphoma cells in vivo, the effect being to a considerable extent specific and referable to an antibody that reacts with neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphocytic cells of mice, as absorption experiments disclosed. In comparative tests, furthermore, the anti-lymphoma serums acted more powerfully upon the lymphoma cells in vivo than did such chemotherapeutic agents as amethopterin, azaguanine, ethionine, azaserine, and 6-mercaptopurine, given singly or in various combinations in maximal tolerated amounts, though their effects were not so powerful as those exerted by normal guinea pig serum on lymphoma cells of two types that are susceptible to its action in vivo. The significance of the findings was briefly discussed.
1003-91 Evolution of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction myocardial perfusion grade during primary coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction predicts long-term recovery of left ventricular function
Authors: Jaroslaw Zalewski, Krzysztof Zmudka, Piotr Musialek, Cafer Zorkun, Andrzej Kadzielski, Wojciech Zajdel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Malignant cutaneous tumors of the scalp: A study of demographic characteristics and histologic distributions of 398 Taiwanese patients
Authors: Cheng-Sheng Chiu, Chyi-Yih Lin, Tseng-Tong Kuo, Yue-Zon Kuan, Min-Jing Chen, Hsin-Chun Ho, Li-Chen Yang, Chien-Hsun Chen, I-Hsin Shih, Hong-Shang Hong, Ya-Hui Chuang
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Digoxin Delays Recovery From Tachycardia-Induced Electrical Remodeling of the Atria
Authors: Robert G. Tieleman, Yuri Blaauw, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Cees D. J. De Langen, Pieter J. de Kam, Jan G. Grandjean, Kornelis W. Patberg, Klaas J. Bel, Maurits A. Allessie, Harry J. G. M. Crijns
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Atrial fibrillation (AF) induces electrical remodeling, which is thought to be responsible for the low success rate of antiarrhythmic treatment in AF of longer duration. Electrical remodeling seems to be related to tachycardia-induced intracellular calcium overload. Due to its vagomimetic action, digoxin is widely used to control the ventricular rate during AF, but it also increases intracellular calcium. On the basis of these characteristics, we hypothesized that digoxin would aggravate tachycardia-induced electrical remodeling. Methods and Results —We analyzed the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) at cycle lengths of 430, 300, and 200 ms during 24 hours of rapid atrio/ventricular (300/150 bpm) pacing in 7 chronically instrumented conscious goats treated with digoxin or saline. Digoxin decreased the spontaneous heart rate but had no other effects on baseline electrophysiological characteristics. In addition to a moderate increase in the rate of electrical remodeling during rapid pacing, digoxin significantly delayed the recovery from electrical remodeling after cessation of pacing (at 430, 300, and 200 ms: P =0.001, P =0.0015, and P =0.007, respectively). This was paralleled by an increased inducibility and duration of AF during digoxin. Multivariate analysis revealed that both a short AERP and treatment with digoxin were independent predictors of inducibility ( P =0.001 and P =0.03, respectively) and duration ( P =0.001 for both) of AF. Conclusions —Digoxin aggravates tachycardia-induced atrial electrical remodeling and delays recovery from electrical remodeling in the goat, which increases the inducibility and duration of AF.
Abstract 13: Regulation of breast cancer stem cells by miR-93
Authors: Suling Liu, Christophe Ginestier, Ingrid Ibarra, Shivani H. Patel, Amber Heath, Sing J. Ou, Raj Jagirdar, Shawn G. Clouthier, Hasan Korkaya, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Gregory J. Hannon, Daniel Birnbaum, Max S. Wicha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract There is increasing evidence that the growth and metastasis of many tumors, including breast cancer, are driven by a cellular population displaying stem cell properties. Like their normal counterparts, these breast cancer stem cells may be regulated by MicroRNAs (miRNAs). We have previously demonstrated that breast cancer cell lines contain subpopulations with stem cell properties that can be isolated by virtue of their expression of Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) as assessed by the Aldefluor assay. We compared miRNA expression in Aldefluor-positive and Aldefluor-negative populations in a series of five breast cancer cell lines. We identified specific miRNA expression profiles for each population. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs was miR-93 whose expression was significantly increased in Aldefluor-negative compared to Aldefluor-positive populations. To confirm the regulation of miR-93 during cell differentiation we constructed a miR-93 sensor tagged with GFP and demonstrated that sensor-positive (miR-93-negative) cells had significantly increased tumor initiating capacity in NOD/SCID mouse xenografts compared to sensor-negative (miR-93-positive cells). Furthermore, miR-93-negative cells gave rise to tumors containing both miR-93-negative and miR-93-positive cell populations. Utilizing a tetracycline inducible lentivirus driving miR-93 expression, we found that induction of miR-93 expression decreased the ALDH-positive population in vitro as well as in mouse xenografts where this reduction was associated with decreased tumor growth. Furthermore, induction of miR-93 expression immediately upon orthotopic implantation or intracardiac injection completely blocked subsequent tumor growth and metastasis formation. These studies demonstrate that miR-93 plays a functional role in the self-renewal and differentiation of breast cancer stem cells. Furthermore, the TET-inducible miR-93 system allows for the controlled regulation of cancer stem cell function providing a valuable model to simulate the effects of CSC-directed therapies on breast cancer growth and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 13.
Endoscopic removal of a bladder calculus via flexible sigmoidoscopy
Authors: C. Wells, S. Swanson, J. DiBaise
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 51-year-old female with a complex urologic history was admitted to our institution with severe, lower midline abdominal pain radiating into the pelvis. She stated that the pain was reminiscent of the pain she experienced with prior bladder calculi.
Effect of Thyroid Hormone on the Frequency-Force Relationship of Atrial Myocardium from the Guinea Pig
Authors: MASAHIRO MURAYAMA, M. JAY GOODKIND
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Measurements of the frequency-force relationship were made in left atrial muscle from euthyroid and hyperthyroid guinea pigs and the effects of calcium and norepinephrine on this relationship examined. Isometric contractile force was measured with the muscle suspended in a bath of Krebs-Henseleit solution oxygenated by a gas mixture of 95% O 2 -5% CO 2 at 28°C. Frequency of stimulation was varied from 0.5 to 200/min at suprathreshold voltage delivered by plate electrodes. Low frequency stimulation caused less of a negative inotropic effect in hyperthyroid than in normal controls. The maximum negative and positive inotropic effects in the thyroxine-treated guinea pigs occurred at lower frequencies than in normal controls. These changes altered the shape of the myocardial frequency-force curve of hyperthyroid animals from that of normal controls. Norepinephrine and calcium in the dose levels examined produced a smaller than normal increment in the developed tension of hyperthyroid animals, but the maximum developed tension was similar in the two groups of animals. The lack of effect of reserpine on the frequency-force curve of left atrial muscle from hyperthyroid animals suggests that endogenous norepinephrine stores are not necessary for the production of a change in the curve. The alteration in the frequency-force relationship of atrial muscle from hyperthyroid guinea pigs is further evidence of a direct effect of thyroid hormone on the myocardial contractile mechanism.
Effect of short-term, low-level nitrogen dioxide exposure on bronchial sensitivity of asthmatic patients.
Authors: J Orehek, J P Massari, P Gayrard, C Grimaud, J Charpin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Our purpose was to determine whether exposure to a realistic concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) could increase the bronchial sensitivity of asthmatic patients to bronchoconstrictor agents. We established dose-response curves for changes in specific airway resistance (SRaw) in response to aerosolized carbachol in 20 asthmatics after each had spent 1 h in an exposure chamber breathing on one occasion unpolluted air and on a separate occasion 0.1 ppm NO2: sequence of exposures to unpolluted air and to low levels of NO2 were randomized in a single-blind fashion. NO2 induced a slight but significant increase in initial SRaw and enhanced the bronchoconstrictor effect of carbachol in 13 subjects: curves were shifted to the left and the mean dose of carbachol producing a twofold increase in initial SRaw was decreased from 0.66 mg to 0.36 mg (P less than 0.001). In contrast, NO2 neither modified the initial SRaw nor the bronchoconstrictor effect of carbachol in seven subjects. In 4 out of the 20 subjects, exposure to a higher concentration of NO2 (0.2 ppm) yielded variable results. Potentiation of the carbachol bronchoconstrictor response by NO2 could not be related to any physical or clinical characteristics of the subjects tested. Although the mechanisms underlying the NO2 effect remain controversial, the present results demonstrate that very low levels of NO2 can adversely affect some asthmatics.
Meeting Report: Fifth Annual AACR Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research
Authors: Ashraful Hoque, Howard L. Parnes, Michael E. Stefanek, John V. Heymach, Powel H. Brown, Scott M. Lippman
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Addressing genetics, risk modeling, molecular targets for chemoprevention, clinical prevention trials, behavioral prevention research, public policy, and more, the Fifth Annual International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, held in Boston, Massachusetts, in November 2006, added an outstanding new chapter to the landmark AACR Frontiers program for advancing the science and practice of cancer prevention throughout the world.
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by two genistein derivatives: kinetic analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Jiansong Fang, Ping Wu, Ranyao Yang, Li Gao, Chao Li, Dongmei Wang, Song Wu, Ai-Lin Liu, Guan-Hua Du
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

In this study two genistein derivatives (G1 and G2) are reported as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and differences in the inhibition of AChE are described. Although they differ in structure by a single methyl group, the inhibitory effect of G1 (IC50=264 nmol/L) on AChE was 80 times stronger than that of G2 (IC50=21,210 nmol/L). Enzyme-kinetic analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to better understand the molecular basis for this difference. The results obtained by kinetic analysis demonstrated that G1 can interact with both the catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE. The predicted binding free energies of two complexes calculated by the molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) method were consistent with the experimental data. The analysis of the individual energy terms suggested that a difference between the net electrostatic contributions (ΔE ele+ΔG GB) was responsible for the binding affinities of these two inhibitors. Additionally, analysis of the molecular mechanics and MM/GBSA free energy decomposition revealed that the difference between G1 and G2 originated from interactions with Tyr124, Glu292, Val294 and Phe338 of AChE. In conclusion, the results reveal significant differences at the molecular level in the mechanism of inhibition of AChE by these structurally related compounds.