tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prediction of 6-Month Survival of Nursing Home Residents With Advanced Dementia Using ADEPT vs Hospice Eligibility Guidelines
Authors: Susan L. Mitchell, Susan C. Miller, Joan M. Teno, Dan K. Kiely, Roger B. Davis, Michele L. Shaffer
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Estimating life expectancy is challenging in advanced dementia, potentially limiting the use of hospice care in these patients.To prospectively validate and compare the performance of the Advanced Dementia Prognostic Tool (ADEPT) and hospice eligibility guidelines to estimate 6-month survival in nursing home residents with advanced dementia.A prospective cohort study conducted in 21 nursing homes in Boston, Massachusetts, of 606 residents with advanced dementia who were recruited between November 1, 2007, and July 30, 2009. Data were ascertained at baseline to determine the residents' ADEPT score (range, 1.0-32.5; higher scores indicate worse prognosis) and whether they met Medicare hospice eligibility guidelines. Survival was followed up to 6 months.Assessment and comparison of the performance of the ADEPT score and hospice guidelines to predict 6-month survival using sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.At baseline, the residents' mean (SD) ADEPT score was 10.1 (3.1) points and 65 residents (10.7%) met hospice eligibility guidelines. Over 6 months, 111 residents (18.3%) died. The AUROC for the ADEPT score's prediction of 6-month mortality as a continuous variable was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.72). The AUROC for Medicare hospice eligibility guidelines was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.51-0.59), the specificity was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86-0.92), and the sensitivity was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.13-0.28). Using a cutoff of 13.5 on the ADEPT score, which also had specificity of 0.89, the AUROC was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.54-0.63) and the sensitivity was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.19-0.36).When prospectively validated at the bedside and used as a continuous measure, the ability of the ADEPT score to identify nursing home residents with advanced dementia at high risk of death within 6 months was modest, albeit better than hospice eligibility guidelines. Care provided to these residents should be guided by their goals of care rather than estimated life expectancy.
Gefitinib in treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
Authors: Charu Singh
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts To evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, overall survival and response of Gefitinib in previously untreated patients of metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutation. 60 patients with metastatic, non-small-cell lung cancer and EGFR mutations who had not previously received chemotherapy were
Tc-99m HDP Bone Scintigraphy of Ameloblastoma with Panorex, CT, MRl, and Gross Correlation
Authors: ROBERT G. LECKIE, JOHN T. WATABE, DEAN J. SHANLEY, MIKE WERNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

An 8-year-old Samoan boy had a 6-month history of a growing mandibular mass. The panorex radiograph demonstrated a lytic lesion of the left mandible. The Tc-99m HDP bone scan showed intense accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical in this area confirming an active process. Correlation with CT and MRl provided additional information about the cystic nature of the mass and the extent of soft tissue invasion, helping to narrow the differential diagnosis and improve preoperative planning. Histopathological examination of the resected tumor confirmed the diagnosis of ameloblastoma, a rare lesion of the mandible.
Transplantation of a Kidney from a Patient with Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
Authors: William F. Finn, G. James Cerilli, Thomas F. Ferris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

CONTROVERSY exists concerning the nature of the defect in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Whether the hypercalciuria represents inability of the kidney to conserve calcium or is a manifestation of excessive gastrointestinal absorption of calcium has never been completely resolved. We recently had a unique opportunity to study this problem when a patient with idiopathic hypercalciuria donated a kidney to his son.Case ReportThe father had always been in excellent health except for an isolated episode of a renal stone at the age of 41. Random 24-hour urinary calcium determinations on an unrestricted diet were 400 to 500 mg. Physical examination was . . .
Pre-existing risk factor profiles in users and non-users of hormone replacement therapy: prospective cohort study in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: K. Rodstrom, C. Bengtsson, L. Lissner, C. Bjorkelund
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess whether risk factor profiles for cardiovascular disease differed, before starting treatment, between women who would subsequently use hormone replacement therapy and those who would remain untreated. <b>Design:</b> Prospective population study, initiated in 1968-9, with follow ups in 1974, 1980 and 1992. <b>Setting:</b> Gothenburg, Sweden. <b>Participants:</b> 1201 women born in 1918, 1922 and 1930, representative of women of the same age in the general population. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Hormone replacement therapy as a function of initial systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, body mass index, serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides, smoking status, education, leisure time activity, and socioeconomic group. <b>Results:</b> 179 of the 1202 women (14.9%) used hormone replacement therapy sometime during the 24 year follow up period. Multivariate models indicated that these women had significantly lower blood pressure, had less obesity, and belonged to a higher social group before the start of treatment than women who would remain untreated. <b>Conclusion:</b> Women who would subsequently use hormone replacement therapy were already at lower cardiovascular risk before the start of treatment than women who would remain untreated. Some of the claimed beneficial effects of treatment may thus be explained by women who would use hormone replacement therapy representing a healthier cohort than women who would remain untreated. <h3>Key messages</h3> Many retrospective epidemiological studies have shown that hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease Results from the prospective population study in Gothenburg show that there were already differences in risk factor profile of women before hormone replacement therapy was considered It is too early to recommend hormone replacement therapy for prevention of cardiovascular disease before controlled randomised studies have been performed
Associations between markers of respiratory morbidity in European children
Authors: K.L. Timonen, J. Schwartz, J. Nielsen, B. Brunekreef
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

School-aged children often experience acute respiratory symptoms. In a multicentre European study, the association between chronic respiratory symptoms (reported in a questionnaire), skin-prick test results, and lung function, and the occurrence of acute respiratory morbidity, was examined among children aged 6–12 yrs with chronic respiratory symptoms. Children with chronic respiratory symptoms, living in 10 European countries, were selected from a parent-completed questionnaire (n=4,307). Atopy was measured with skin-prick tests, and lung function with spirometry. A total of 1,854 (86% of those in the initial cohort) children kept a successful daily diary regarding their respiratory symptoms for 2–3 months. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, children with asthmatic symptoms, particularly those with doctor-diagnosed asthma, had a greater risk of occurrence of lower respiratory symptoms (odds ratio (OR): 6.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.99–8.35) than children with a dry nocturnal cough as their only symptom. Atopy, particularly a positive reaction to indoor allergens, was significantly associated with occurrence of lower respiratory symptoms. For atopy the OR was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.34–1.96). A reduced level of maximal mid-expiratory flow was associated with an increased risk of lower respiratory symptoms, cough and phlegm. The associations were similar in Scandinavia, Central Eastern, Western and Southern Europe. To conclude, asthmatic symptoms reported in a questionnaire, atopic status and a reduced level of maximal mid-expiratory flow were associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms, especially those of lower respiratory symptoms.
Pneumococcal pneumolysin and H2O2 mediate brain cell apoptosis during meningitis
Authors: Johann S. Braun, Jack E. Sublett, Dorette Freyer, Tim J. Mitchell, John L. Cleveland, Elaine I. Tuomanen, Joerg R. Weber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Pneumococcus is the most common and aggressive cause of bacterial meningitis and induces a novel apoptosis-inducing factor–dependent (AIF–dependent) form of brain cell apoptosis. Loss of production of two pneumococcal toxins, pneumolysin and H2O2, eliminated mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Purified pneumolysin or H2O2 induced microglial and neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Both toxins induced increases of intracellular Ca2+ and triggered the release of AIF from mitochondria. Chelating Ca2+ effectively blocked AIF release and cell death. In experimental pneumococcal meningitis, pneumolysin colocalized with apoptotic neurons of the hippocampus, and infection with pneumococci unable to produce pneumolysin and H2O2 significantly reduced damage. Two bacterial toxins, pneumolysin and, to a lesser extent, H2O2, induce apoptosis by translocation of AIF, suggesting new neuroprotective strategies for pneumococcal meningitis.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Lowering Does Not Improve Calf Muscle Perfusion, Energetics, or Exercise Performance in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Amy M. West, Justin D. Anderson, Frederick H. Epstein, Craig H. Meyer, Hongkun Wang, Klaus D. Hagspiel, Stuart S. Berr, Nancy L. Harthun, Arthur L. Weltman, Joseph M. DiMaria, Jennifer R. Hunter, John M. Christopher, Christopher M. Kramer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Fate of pulmonary artery after anatomic correction of simple transposition of great arteries in newborn infants.
Authors: C Paillole, D Sidi, J Kachaner, C Planché, J P Belot, E Villain, J Le Bidois, J F Piéchaud, E Pedroni
Journal: Circulation (1988)

From April 1984 to April 1987, surgical anatomic correction was performed in 86 newborn infants, 2-23 days old (6.8 +/- 3.6 days, mean +/- SD) with simple transposition of the great arteries. In all patients, the pulmonary artery was reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis according to the Lecompte maneuver, including eight patients with side-by-side position of the great arteries. Three different approaches were used. In the first 10 patients (group 1, six survivors), two separate patches of preserved tanned pericardium were used to reconstruct the pulmonary artery, whereas in the next 15 patients (group 2, 13 survivors), a single patch of the same material was used, and in the last 61 patients (group 3, 56 survivors), surgery was performed with a single patch of fresh autologous pericardium. Among the 75 survivors, 68 (including six in group 1, 12 in group 2, and 50 in group 3) were followed serially for at least 6 months (6-48 months, 26 +/- 9 months) with sequential noninvasive evaluations. At follow-up, all were asymptomatic with normal growth. Two patients with severe pulmonary artery stenosis (group 1) were successfully reoperated on. Four infants with moderate pulmonary artery stenosis have been followed medically and have had stable right ventricular pressures. The last 62 patients have normal or near-normal right ventricular pressures. The spatial relation of the great arteries did not affect the quality of the results. Group 1 had clearly the worst results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SYSTEMIC AND RENAL CIRCULATORY CHANGES FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF ADRENIN, EPHEDRINE, AND PAREDRINOL TO NORMAL MAN
Authors: Hilmert A. Ranges, Stanley E. Bradley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

This report concerns the systemic and renal circulatory changes in normal man during the action of adrenin, ephedrine, and paredrinol.Special attention has been paid to the interrela- tionship and integration of the many factors in- volved in the production of the over-all response.Although these three substances are similar chemi- cally and have long been known (1) as vaso- pressor drugs, their sites and modes of action appear to vary.The observations presented here throw light upon the circulatory mechanisms in- volved in the pressor response.The subjects were male convalescent patients on the Third (New York University) Medical Division of Bellevue Hospital, who were ex- amined, for the most part, under basal conditions.Adrenin was administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly in 0.5 to 1.5 mgm.doses, ephe- drine was given intramuscularly in 50 to 75 mgm.doses, and paredrinol was injected intramuscularly in 20 to 30 mgm. doses, after control values had been obtained.Cardiac output was determined by a modifica- tion of Starr's ballistocardiograph (2), using the wave area formula advocated by Starr (3).The instrument was calibrated after each study by the method recommended by Starr (4).All figures for stroke volume and cardiac output have been increased by 18.5 per cent because Cournand et al. (2) have shown the ballistocardiographic out-
Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of Ebstein's anomaly.
Authors: T A Ports, N H Silverman, N B Schiller
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Nine patients with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography, using the standard long and short axis views as well as the apex four chamber view. With this latter view, the displacement of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle was clearly seen in all nine cases of Ebstein's anomaly and was not noted in a control population. The severity of the tricuspid displacement was assessed by comparing the position of the mitral and tricuspid valves relative to the cardiac apex. The apex four chamber view allowed visualization of the atrioventricular (AV) ring simultaneously with the displaced tricuspid valve, and therefore the size of the "atrialized" right ventricle, true right ventricle and right atrium could be determined. These dimensions compared favorably with angiography.
Leucocyte cation transport in essential hypertension: its relation to the renin-angiotensin system.
Authors: R P Edmondson, G A MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Leucocyte cation transport measured when patients received a normal sodium intake and the response of the renin-angiotensin system to changes in sodium intake were studied in 22 patients with essential hypertension. The rate constant for total leucocyte sodium efflux measured during a normal diet was significantly correlated with the plasma renin activity measured during a low sodium diet. Impairment of leucocyte sodium transport was significantly greater in eight patients whose plasma renin activity failed to rise into the normal range during the low sodium diet as compared with the 14 other patients, whose renin system responded normally to sodium restriction. These results provide further suggestive evidence for the hypothesis that there is a circulating sodium transport inhibitor that may be important in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
Two Surgical Deaths Associated With Cephalothin
Authors: Faye G. Spruill
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Two cases in which prophylactic intraoperative administration of cephalothin sodium (Keflin) occurred are associated with anaphylactoid reactions (acute cardiorespiratory arrest or hypotension and shock) that resulted in death. One patient had known penicillin allergy; the other had one prior penicillin administration and probable sensitization. Surgical events, autopsy findings, and postmortem toxicological data are recorded along with reported side effects of cephalothin. (<i>JAMA</i>229:440-441, 1974)
Vaginal Spermicides and Congenital Disorders: Study Reassessed, Not Retracted-Reply
Authors: Lewis B. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  I do not think of my letter as a retraction. Instead it is a reassessment of the wisdom of publishing the article in 1981.I believe we were wrong to publish without having more answers to the questions raised by the findings in the initial study. Experience has shown that simply including one's reservations in the discussion of an article is not adequate to prevent misuse of the published findings. I hope our experience will be remembered by authors deciding when to submit findings for publication and by editors in deciding whether to publish.
"PSYCHOLOGIC CONCOMITANTS OF PAIN"
Authors: Isabella H. Perry
Journal: JAMA (1935)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Apropos of the last paragraph in the editorial "Psychologic Concomitants of Pain" (The Journal, February 9, p. 476) beginning "There are no words in English, Critchley says, to signify the state of mind that follows the cessation of a severe or protracted painful experience," you will be interested to know that Beethoven felt in such accord with this statement that he expressed it musically. He fell sick during the composition of opus 132 (one of his last compositions) and on recovery inserted into the work the strangely beautiful "Heilige Danksang." He felt that "convalescence" was such a mysterious sensation that it could not be expressed in the conventional musical forms so reverted to "die Lydischen Mode." These facts are conspicuously featured in Aldous Huxley's "Point Counterpoint."
Understanding Marfan's syndrome.
Authors: A. H. Child
Journal: BMJ (1992)

collected prospectively.After straightforward vaginal hysterectomy we may not need to keep patients in hospital routinely for nearly a week and women may not need to be offwork for as long as is traditional.The introduction of new techniques of treating dysfunctional bleeding may therefore usefully provoke a critical re-evaluation of estab- lished alternatives.
The 'Runner's Calm—!'
Authors: Murray E. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ever since my father encouraged me to run, with the advice "when you run for over 20 minutes, you'll get your second wind," I've been chasing this elusive phenomenon. I'm equally certain that had I asked, "You mean I'll get high?" he would have thought me a touch daft. Otto Appenzeller<sup>1</sup>thinks we get "high" off of our endorphins and attempts to attribute an "up" mood change to running. The word<i>high</i>for runners is of recent origin. Old-time runners did not become familiar with this term until after the word became popular in the early 1960s in reference to street drugs. With the advent of the running craze in the 1970s, the word became a counterculture spinoff to extol the virtues of this rediscovery, running. A selling point perhaps! The drug cult may talk about their high, yet the recipient of an opiate or a
Quantitative analysis of antibodies to hepatitis C virus during interferon-α therapy
Authors: Nobukazu Yuki, Norio Hayashi, Hideki Hagiwara, Tetsuo Takehara, Kazuhiro Katayama, Akinori Kasahara, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We quantified IgG antibodies to structural (core) and nonstructural (C100-3) hepatitis C virus proteins in 42 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with a 6-mo course of interferon-alpha. Sera were drawn before and at the end of therapy and also 6 mo after therapy withdrawal; they were stored for later analysis of antibodies and serum hepatitis C virus RNA. Sustained virus clearance was observed at the end of therapy and 6 mo after therapy withdrawal in nine cases; it was accompanied with sustained reductions of antibody to hepatitis C virus core protein and antibody to C100-3 protein. A sustained reduction of antibody to hepatitis C virus core protein was specific to sustained virus clearance, although that of antibody to C100-3 protein was not. None of the patients who did not show reductions of levels of both antibodies at the end of therapy displayed sustained virus clearance. Five patients showed hepatitis C virus RNA negativity and normal aminotransferase levels at the end of therapy without reduction of antibody to hepatitis C virus core protein levels. Of these five patients, relapse of hepatitis occurred in four, and viremia was present 6 mo after therapy withdrawal in all cases. These results demonstrate that testing for antibody titers may add information for evaluating virus clearance after interferon therapy.
A Simple and Effective Chloroform Dropper.
Authors: Edwin B. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Chattanooga, Tenn., Dec. 7, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Push a small aspirating needle through a cork into a vial containing chloroform, remove the wire that prevents the needle from clogging and an ideal dropper is obtained. Replacing the wire or withdrawing the needle will close the opening. The same device makes a good medicine dropper. <h3>More Skill and Fewer Tools.</h3> —Dr. Senn, lecturing to the surgeons of the Spanish-American War, stated to them that they should be found with several remedies and he then named salts of mercury and iodin, quinin, opium, ether, alcohol; less than a dozen in all. And for surgery he stated that most of the army work could be done with a vest pocket outfit of a scalpel, saw blade, needles and thread. A wise surgeon is better equipped with the materials, medical and surgical, which would not bulge the side pockets of a dress suit,
Plasma proteasome level is a reliable early marker of malignant transformation of liver cirrhosis
Authors: L Henry, T Lavabre-Bertrand, L Vercambre, J Ramos, S Carillo, I Guiraud, P Pouderoux, M Bismuth, J-C Valats, C Demattei, Y Duny, I Chaze, N Funakoshi, J P Bureau, J-P Daures, P Blanc
Journal: Gut (2009)

<b><i>Background: </i></b> Infantile bilateral striatal necrosis (IBSN) encompasses several syndromes of bilateral symmetric, spongy degeneration of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. The familial form of IBSN is rare, and inheritance is either autosomal recessive or maternal. <b><i>Method: </i></b> The authors describe an Israeli Bedouin kindred in which 15 children born to consanguineous parents were affected with familial IBSN. They evaluated the clinical and radiologic evolution of the disease in 11 patients and the cerebral pathologic findings in one patient. Three of the children were treated with oral biotin 100 mg/day. <b><i>Results: </i></b> Inheritance was apparently autosomal recessive. The untreated children had a similar clinical picture including developmental arrest beginning at the age of 7 to 15 months, choreoathetosis, and dysphagia. Pendular nystagmus appeared at a late stage. MRI, performed at various stages of the disease, showed severe basal ganglia atrophy. Postmortem study in one patient showed severe atrophy of the lenticular nuclei with gliosis and loss of neurons. Biotin, 100 mg/day, administered to the proband over a period of 15 months, may have slowed progression. In two other children treatment was initiated earlier and appeared to arrest or improve disease. <b><i>Conclusions: </i></b> Familial infantile bilateral striatal necrosis was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Clinical features included developmental arrest, dysphagia, and choreoathetosis. Imaging and pathology showed atrophy and degeneration of the basal ganglia. Oral biotin may have benefited three children.
Women in medicine: training and appointment schedules
Authors: E N Wardle
Journal: BMJ (1980)

regret it later after the grievous deed is done.Apart from the fact that no doctor can be quite sure that the patient will not recover or at least partially recover, intractable pain can usually be relieved or eased by modem painkilling drugs, without the need for overdoses to relieve suffering.Furthermore, if the patient is comatose, euthanasia would of course be unnecessary.And what a problem it would be for the doctor to decide.No-please never, never legalise euthanasia.