tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PRIORITY IN TREATMENT METHOD OF BROMIDE INTOXICATION
Authors: Fred D. Weidman
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, July 12, Harris and Hauser published their paper on "Bromide Intoxication," in which success therapeutically depended on the replacement of bromine ions by chlorine ions; in this connection may I direct credit for originality where, I believe, credit is due. The principle that the excretion of chlorides could be hastened by the administration of bromides and iodides, and that, conversely, the administration of chlorides hastens the elimination of the other two, was developed as far back as 1902 and 1911 (Sollmann: Manual of Pharmacology). Credit for the application of this biologic fact to therapeutics belongs, however, to the dermatologists Wile, Wright and Smith (<i>Arch. Dermat. &amp; Syph.</i><b>6:</b>529 [Nov.] 1922). A second report by Wile (<i>Arch. Dermat. &amp; Syph.</i><b>8:</b>407 [Sept.] 1923) in 1923 included the treatment of bromide intoxication as well as bromide dermatoses. Later, Stevenson (<i>Arch. Dermat. &amp; Syph.</i><b>12:</b>
Long-Term Improvement of Glycemic Control by Insulin Treatment in NIDDM Patients With Secondary Failure
Authors: Torbjörn Lindström, Per Eriksson, Anders G Olsson, Hans J Arnqvist
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term efficacy of insulin treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and secondary failure to oral hypoglycemic agents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty one NIDDM patients with secondary failure were studied while they were still on oral agents. Then they were switched to insulin treatment, and after a median of 27 months, a long-term evaluation was conducted. RESULTS At the long-term evaluation, metabolic control was still markedly improved by insulin treatment, with reduction of HbA1c from 8.8 ± 0.2 (mean ± SE) to 6.9 ± 0.3% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), lowering of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol concentration from 0.97 ± 0.3 to 0.69 ± 0.1 mM (P &amp;lt; 0.03), and lowering of total triglycerides from 2.8 ± 0.6 to 1.8 ± 0.3 mM (P &amp;lt; 0.005), mainly due to reduction of VLDL triglycerides. Body weight increased during the first year, but not thereafter (71.3 ± 2.5 kg during oral treatment, 78.9 ± 2.9 and 79.8 ± 3.2 kg after 12 and 36 months of insulin treatment, respectively). Blood pressure did not change. Fasting and postprandial insulin concentrations increased, and C-peptide concentrations were lowered. CONCLUSIONS Improvements of glycemic control and lipoprotein concentrations in patients with NIDDM and secondary failure persist also after insulin treatment for 2–3 years in spite of weight gain and hyperinsulinemia.
EFFECTS OF CONTROLLED EXERCISE REHABILITATION ON QRS/T ANGLE IN CAD PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES
Authors: Tuomas Kenttä, Jaana J. Karjalainen, Mikko P. Tulppo, Bruce Nearing, Arto J. Hautala, Antti M. Kiviniemi, Heikki V. Huikuri, Richard Verrier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Low doses vs. high doses of the angiotensin converting‐enzyme inhibitor lisinopril in chronic heart failure: a cost‐effectiveness analysis based on the Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival (ATLAS) study
Authors: Mark J. Sculpher, Lynne Poole, John Cleland, Michael Drummond, Paul W. Armstrong, John D. Horowitz, Barry M. Massie, Philip A. Poole‐Wilson, Lars Ryden
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
The Structure and Metabolism of the Pancreatic Islets: Proceedings of an International Wenner-Gren Symposium Held in Uppsala and Stockholm, August 1963
Authors: George Weber
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This splendidly produced volume contains the articles presented at a symposium held in Sweden. This is the first conference which concentrated exclusively on the morphology, physiology, pathology, and, especially, molecular biology of pancreatic islets. The volume is a most useful handbook for investigators or clinicians interested in diabetes, regulatory influences, and hormones. One of the great values is that the distinguished contributors presented papers on both basic and clinical fields, and the perusal of this book can veritably take the place of an extensive postgraduate course. The wealth of information is beautifully organized and richly illustrated. It is difficult to single out any one of the contributions, but I think particular interest will center on papers describing the enzyme profile of the islet tissue by Lazarow and his group and the evaluation of beta-cell function in human diabetes by P. J. Randle and his associates. The articles of Hellman on
Blurring the boundaries: developmental and activity-dependent determinants of neural circuits
Authors: Verena Wolfram, Richard A. Baines
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2013)

Highlights•Neurotransmitter phenotype can be altered by activity.•Neuron type-specific ion channel expression can be set by developmental programs.•Common mechanisms orchestrate the development of different neuronal signaling properties.•Drosophila enables electrophysiology and genetics to be applied to identified neurons.AbstractThe human brain comprises approximately 100 billion neurons that express a diverse, and often subtype-specific, set of neurotransmitters and voltage-gated ion channels. Given this enormous complexity, a fundamental question is how is this achieved? The acquisition of neurotransmitter phenotype was viewed as being set by developmental programs 'hard wired' into the genome. By contrast, the expression of neuron-specific ion channels was considered to be highly dynamic (i.e., 'soft wired') and shaped largely by activity-dependent mechanisms. Recent evidence blurs this distinction by showing that neurotransmitter phenotype can be altered by activity and that neuron type-specific ion channel expression can be set, and perhaps limited by, developmental programs. Better understanding of these early regulatory mechanisms may offer new avenues to avert the behavioral changes that are characteristic of many mental illnesses.
Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis
Authors: Samuel Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The case-control approach is as old as clinical medicine itself, but in a quantitative sense the method is of recent vintage. Perhaps for this reason, case-control studies have frequently been misunderstood, even though they have proved to be powerful and efficient tools in investigating the causes of disease. Without them, we would know little or nothing about the effect of radiation therapy on the risk of leukemia, or of antenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure on the risk of vaginal cancer—to give just two examples. The author points out that the literature on the method is scattered and that there is no comprehensive guide (although a more statistical text concerned with analysis appeared in 1980<sup>1</sup>). He deserves our warm thanks for providing a remedy in the form of a fluent text that can be read either for its conceptual content (large print) or for its technical content (small print). This book provides
Abstract 2107: Deregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs results in Six1 oncogene overexpression in pediatric and adult human cancers
Authors: J. Saadi Imam, Kalyan Buddavarapu, Jennifer S. Lee-Chang, Peter Hornsby, Yidong Chen, Kihoon Yoon, Manjeet Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring, short non-coding RNAs believed to be involved in many biological processes including normal development and adult cancer. It seems logical that miRNAs would be particularly important in pediatric cancers as these malignancies generally involve perturbations of normal developmental and differentiation processes, yet relatively little is known about the role of miRNAs in pediatric cancers. Here, we show that oncogenesis in Wilms’ tumor - the most common pediatric renal cancer - is mediated by miRNAs. MiRNA microarray analysis identified a cohort of miRNAs that show altered expression in Wilms’ tumors when compared with normal matched control kidney. Our results reveal that several of these miRNAs show similar expression patterns both in Wilms’ tumors and fetal kidney, suggesting that they may play an important regulatory role in kidney development and Wilms’ tumorigenesis. Supporting this notion are our findings that show a number of differentially expressed miRNAs to target genes known to play a role in kidney development and Wilms’ tumorigenesis, including the Six1 homeobox gene, a potent oncogene reported to be overexpressed in several solid tumors. Analyses of primary Wilms’ tumors and ovarian cancer tissues as well as multiple tumor cell lines from breast cancer, ovarian cancer and rhabdomyosarcoma showed decreased expression of miRNAs targeting the Six1 3′UTR, paralleling an increase in Six1 levels. Further investigation revealed a potent tumor suppressor role for Six1 targeting miRNAs, as ectopic expression suppressed the ability of cancer cell lines to form colonies and tumor growth in nude mice. Interestingly, the reduced expression of these miRNAs in Wilms’ tumors was due in part to genomic loss of loci that contain these miRNAs, as revealed by high resolution comparative genomic hybridization analysis. In summary, our findings suggest that miRNAs are integral to the molecular circuitry that plays an important role in Wilms’ tumorigenesis by regulating events during normal kidney development. In addition, our discovery of novel tumor suppressor miRNAs targeting the Six1 oncogene promises to unravel a unique regulatory mechanism for Six1 deregulation in pediatric as well adult tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2107.
TIPSS 10 years on
Authors: R JALAN
Journal: Gut (2000)

The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPSS) has been a clinical reality for the past 10 years. The procedure is essentially a side-to-side H graft portosystemic shunt, with the expandable metallic stent being the H graft. Over this time, TIPSS has been put through the paces of assessment of technical feasibility, pilot studies through to randomised clinical trials looking at treatment of complications of portal hypertension. Following its introduction, there was an enthusiastic welcome for this procedure which was seen as an attractive alternative to shunt surgery—it did not require general anaesthesia (most of the time) or a laparotomy, and was applicable to many patients with severe liver disease unsuitable for surgery. Treatment of variceal haemorrhage, ascites, hepatic hydrothorax, hepatorenal syndrome, and Budd-Chiari syndrome using TIPSS has been studied. The initial enthusiasm was subsequently tempered by reports from these studies of shortcomings of TIPSS, namely the inevitable development of shunt stenosis and increased incidence of hepatic encephalopathy. In the light of the available evidence, what is the place of TIPSS in current clinical practice?

The first application of TIPSS was in the treatment of variceal haemorrhage, and this remains the main indication for TIPSS. The prevention of rebleeding from oesophageal varices has been the area studied most intensely. There are so far eight prospective randomised clinical trials1-8 comparing TIPSS with endoscopic treatment published as papers and three9-11 published as abstracts (table 1). A meta-analysis12 of these studies has also been published recently. The ensuing discussion will be based on the eight papers as many aspects of the discussion require information not available from the abstracts. In all but one study, bleeding rates were reduced from 35–50% to 10–25%. In the first seven studies, differences in mortality between the treatment groups were not shown. These studies were designed to …
321 A NON-CANONICAL INTERFERON-ALPHA PATHWAY, THROUGH IRS1, MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN THE REDUCED ANTIVIRAL THERAPY RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE AND CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: L. Franceschini, M. Marcolongo, G. Bortoletto, A. Alberti, M. Gerotto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
AB0454 Comparative Analysis of Periprosthetic Fractures of Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: A. Khramov, M. Makarov, S. Makarov, V. Pavlov, G. Vardikova, V. Amirdzhanova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Surgical treatment of patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) is associated with increased risk of complications. It is caused presence of an inflammatory process, osteoporosis, the reduced physical activity, the severity of functional impairment, long-term glucocorticoid therapy, biologic and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. All this contributes to increase the risk of perioperative complications, including periprosthetic fractures. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare freguency of periprosthetic fractures of hip and knee replacement in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD). <h3>Methods</h3> In 1475 patients with RD in the period from 1998 to 2013 were execute in 2038 hip replacement surgery (n=1195) and knee replacement surgery (n=843) (osteoarthritis (OA) – 799, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) – 913, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) – 206, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – 120). <h3>Results</h3> Total identified 63 (3.09%) periprosthetic fractures in patients with RD. In this periprosthetic fractures in hip replacement were 54 (4.52%): 19 (4.9%) in RA patients, 13 (8.9%) patients with JRA, 6 (6.38%) in patients with SLE and 15 (2.64%) in patients with OA (3.16%). Periprosthetic fractures after knee arthroplasty were 10 (1.19%): 6 (1.14%) in patients with RA, 3 (5%) patients with JRA, 0 SLE patients and 1 (0.43%) in patients with OA (0.46%). Also from 64 patients with periprosthetic fractures complications in 5 patients (3 patients with OA, 1 with RA and 1 with JRA) after total hip arthroplasty was made 8 revisions of joint endoprostheses. We revealed a significantly greater number of complications in patients with JRA (p&lt;0.005). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results confirm that the surgical treatment of patients with RD, especially RA, JRA, SLE, requires a specific approach, which consists in a competent medication administered to the patient with rheumatologist and careful treatment of the bone and surrounding tissues during surgery. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4202
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations Are Associated with Docetaxel Sensitivity in Lung Cancer
Authors: Tatsuya Yoshimasu, Shoji Oura, Fuminori Ohta, Yoshimitsu Hirai, Koma Naito, Rie Nakamura, Haruka Nishiguchi, Sayoko Hashimoto, Mitsumasa Kawago, Yoshitaka Okamura
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Lung Cancer in Never Smokers: Molecular Profiles and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Charles M. Rudin, Erika Avila-Tang, Curtis C. Harris, James G. Herman, Fred R. Hirsch, William Pao, Ann G. Schwartz, Kirsi H. Vahakangas, Jonathan M. Samet
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The majority of lung cancers are caused by long term exposure to the several classes of carcinogens present in tobacco smoke. Although a significant fraction of lung cancers in never smokers may also be attributable to tobacco, many such cancers arise in the absence of detectable tobacco exposure, and may follow a very different cellular and molecular pathway of malignant transformation. Recent studies summarized here suggest that lung cancers arising in never smokers have a distinct natural history, profile of oncogenic mutations, and response to targeted therapy. The majority of molecular analyses of lung cancer have focused on genetic profiling of pathways responsible for metabolism of primary tobacco carcinogens. Limited research has been conducted evaluating familial aggregation and genetic linkage of lung cancer, particularly among never smokers in whom such associations might be expected to be strongest. Data emerging over the past several years show that lung cancers in never smokers are much more likely to carry activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a key oncogenic factor and direct therapeutic target of several newer anticancer drugs. EGFR mutant lung cancers may represent a distinct class of lung cancers, enriched in the never-smoking population, and less clearly linked to direct tobacco carcinogenesis. These insights followed initial testing and demonstration of efficacy of EGFR-targeted drugs. Focused analysis of molecular carcinogenesis in lung cancers in never smokers is needed, and may provide additional biologic insight with therapeutic implications for lung cancers in both ever smokers and never smokers. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(18):5646–61)
Budd-Chiari syndrome after oral contraceptives.
Authors: R. L. Rothwell-Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

BDIC^Lvesicles on the body.In the next few days there was further improvement.From thirteen days on, palms and soles desquamated in large flakes.On the sixteenth day the mouth had healed, with residual brown spots on lips.Skin of soles peeled off like sandals, in one piece.The patient was admitted to a general ward and treatment was symptomatic.On discharge the patient was warned that for some time he might spread foot-and-mouth disease among animals, and that therefore he should avoid contact with susceptible animals.Veterinary authorities were notified about this patient and carried out inspections in the district in which the slaughterhouse was situated.Foot-and-mouth disease was found among animals, although previously this district was declared free from disease.In conclusion I would like to emphasize that the health authorities would be well advised to pay close attention to the possibility of the disease in man as a potential factor in the spread of foot-and-mouth disease.-Iam, etc., London W. 13.
Letter: Laparoscopy explosion hazards with nitrous oxide.
Authors: J S Robinson, J M Thompson, A W Wood
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Comments pertaining to the possible hazard of nitrous oxide explosion during laparoscopy with high-frequency diathermy are presented. It is agreed that the use of nitrous oxide is dangerous if bowel puncture occurs during high-frequency diathermy. However, the conclusion by 2 investigators that hydrogen, in a standard mixture with methane and nitrogen, could be stored in a greased glass syringe closed with a polyethylene tap for 10 days without significant loss is viewed with skepticism. Recent attempts to analyze intestinal gas gave unreliable results if the samples collected were more than 4 hours old, lending doubt to conclusions about the hydrogen content of intestinal gas.
A New Factor That Promotes Blood Vessel Growth?
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

One of the benefits of having a job as editor of a peer review medical journal is the fact that the editor gets to see research data literally before anyone else in the world, except for the researchers themselves. This is a rare privilege. While in theory all of the 75 or so major manuscripts that we receive in an average week are "original," many of those we reject are really a rehash of older information or just another way of looking at things. However, once in a while, something really new and of tremendous potential value comes along and produces a tingle on first read. Such a report is that of Goldsmith and colleagues entitled "Lipid Angiogenic Factor From Omentum" on page 2034 of this issue.<sup>1</sup>This article is categorized as a PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION and it is just that. The findings reported must be verified by these and other
A Controlled Trial of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Exercise for Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: R A Deyo, N E Walsh, D C Martin, L S Schoenfeld, S Ramamurthy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

A number of treatments are widely prescribed for chronic back pain, but few have been rigorously evaluated. We examined the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a program of stretching exercises, or a combination of both for low back pain. Patients with chronic low back pain (median duration, 4.1 years) were randomly assigned to receive daily treatment with TENS (n = 36), sham TENS (n = 36), TENS plus a program of exercises (n = 37), or sham TENS plus exercises (n = 36).
Prospective Evaluation of 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Detection of Occult Metastatic Disease in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hossein Jadvar, Bhushan Desai, Lingyun Ji, Peter S. Conti, Tanya B. Dorff, Susan G. Groshen, Mitchell E. Gross, Jacek K. Pinski, David I. Quinn
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Purpose This study aimed to perform a prospective evaluation of 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of occult metastatic disease in men with prostate cancer and biochemical relapse. Methods Thirty-seven men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse (median, 3.2 ng/mL; range, 0.5–40.2 ng/mL) after definitive therapy for localized prostate cancer [26 radical prostatectomy (RP), 11 external beam radiation therapy] and negative conventional imaging underwent 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF PET/CT on 2 separate days within the same week. Studies were interpreted by 2 experienced radiologists in consensus for abnormal uptake suspicious for metastatic disease. The reference standard was a combination of imaging and clinical follow-up. Rank of PSA values for positive and negative PET/CT was compared using analysis of variance adjusting for primary therapy. Association between PSA and scan positivity in patients with RP was evaluated using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results Result of the 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was positive for nodal disease in 2 patients. True-positive detection rate for occult osseous metastases by 18F-NaF PET/CT was 16.2%. Median PSA levels for positive versus negative PET/CT scans were 4.4 and 2.9 ng/mL, respectively, with the difference marginally significant in prostatectomized men (P = 0.072). Percentages of patients with either 18F-NaF– or 18F-FDG–positive PET/CT in RP and external beam radiation therapy were 10% (n = 10) and undefined (n = 0) for a PSA of 2 ng/mL or less, 29% (n = 7) and 50% (n = 2) for PSA greater than 2 ng/mL but 4 ng/mL or less, 60% (n = 5) and 40% (n = 5) for PSA greater than 4 ng/mL but 10 ng/mL or less, and 25% (n = 4) and 25% (n = 4) for PSA greater than 10 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusions In biochemical relapse of prostate cancer, 18F-NaF PET/CT is useful in the detection of occult osseous metastases, whereas the yield of 18F-FDG PET/CT is relatively limited. 18F-NaF PET/CT positivity tends to associate with increasing PSA level in prostatectomized men and may occur in lower PSA ranges than conventionally recognized.