tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of postreperfusion myocardial hemorrhage using proton NMR imaging at 1.5 T.
Authors: C S Lotan, A Bouchard, G B Cranney, S P Bishop, G M Pohost
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Intramyocardial hemorrhage occurs frequently after reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction. However, its significance has not yet been established, mainly because of the lack of methods for detecting such hemorrhage. The following ex vivo study was carried out to assess the potential of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to detect and quantitate postreperfusion intramyocardial hemorrhage. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen adult mongrel dogs underwent 3 hours of coronary occlusion followed by 1 hour of reperfusion, and three dogs underwent 4 hours of occlusion without reperfusion. Radiolabeled microspheres and 51Cr-labeled red blood cells were used to assess flow and evaluate the extent of hemorrhage. These results were later compared with both NMR and histology. Spin-echo NMR imaging was performed on the excised hearts using a 1.5-T system. Macroscopic assessment of the sliced myocardium revealed the existence of hemorrhage in 14 of the 16 dogs that underwent reperfusion but in none of those with occlusion only. In all 16 dogs with reperfusion, zones of increased signal intensity (SI) ratio (1.68 +/- 0.41 compared with control, p less than 0.05) were seen in regions relating to the distribution of the occluded coronary artery, whereas in 13 of the 16 dogs, areas of decreased SI within the zone of increased SI ratio (0.81 +/- 0.16 compared with control, p less than 0.05) were also seen, corresponding to regions with macroscopic hemorrhage. In contrast, in the three dogs without reperfusion, no macroscopic hemorrhage was observed, and likewise, no NMR zones of reduced SI were detected. Hemorrhage size by NMR (decreased SI zones), correlated well with hemorrhage size calculated from tissue slices (r = 0.96, SEE = 0.92%, p less than 0.01), or by 51Cr labeling (r = 0.78, SEE = 1.5, p = 0.1). In the reperfusion group, T2 relaxation times in the infarcted hemorrhagic zone (58 +/- 9 msec) were significantly lower than the infarcted zones without hemorrhage (98 +/- 13 msec, p less than 0.001). In contrast, when compared with control (964 +/- 72 msec), T1 relaxation times were significantly increased in both infarct zones, either with (1,284 +/- 176 msec) or without (1,266 +/- 103 msec) hemorrhage. The selective shortening of T2 relaxation times in the hemorrhagic regions is consistent with the paramagnetic effects of deoxyhemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS NMR imaging may provide a noninvasive approach for the detection and quantitation of intramyocardial hemorrhage. This observation may provide a means to further characterize pathological processes associated with acute myocardial infarction and assess the role of myocardial hemorrhage after reperfusion therapy.
Abstract B68: The microenvironment decides how prostate tumors respond to castration treatment
Authors: Sofia Halin Bergström, Stina Rudolfsson, Tove Dahl Scherdin, Anders Bergh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although androgen deprivation is the standard therapy for metastatic prostate cancer the mechanisms for the initial response and subsequent relapse are largely unknown. The stroma and vasculature are necessary for castration-induced involution of the normal prostate, and androgen-independent tumors respond to castration when surrounded by normal prostate tissue. This suggests that the microenvironment is highly important for the therapeutic effect of castration. To further explore this, androgen-sensitive rat prostate tumor cells (Dunning G) were injected into the rat prostate and/or bone marrow (to simulate bone metastasis) and analyzed for response to castration. Tumors in the prostate responded well to castration with decreased tumor size, both in already established tumors and when tumor cells were injected in castrated animals. The size of bone metastases was, however, unaffected by castration. Both groups developed lung metastasis but castration tended to increase rather than decrease pulmonary tumor burden. To further explore the mechanisms behind this we have established in vitro cell lines from bone metastasis of both castrated and control rats. In our ongoing experiments we are examining if these cells are responsive to castration if instead placed within the prostate environment or if the resistance to therapy has become stable. The response to castration is also further explored in lung metastasis. Our results suggest that the metastatic environment is highly important for the establishment of castration resistant prostate cancer and that the mechanisms behind this need to be further explored. Citation Format: Sofia Halin Bergström, Stina Rudolfsson, Tove Dahl Scherdin, Anders Bergh. The microenvironment decides how prostate tumors respond to castration treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B68.
In Search of Euvolemia in Heart Failure ∗
Authors: Stuart D. Katz
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

In preparation for the writing of this editorial, I consulted my copy of the Stedman’s Medical Dictionary (23rd Edition, copyright 1976) and was surprised to find that the word “euvolemia” was nowhere to be found. A subsequent search in PubMed (search terms “euvolemia” or “euvolemic”
Carrier testing in children for cystic fibrosis
Authors: I. Balfour-Lynn, S. Madge, R. Dinwiddie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Your recent article debating screening for carriers of cystic fibrosis raises important issues.1 One aspect, however, that has received relatively little attention is whether it is justified to test for carrier status in siblings of patients with cystic fibrosis during childhood. A recent report from the Clinical Genetics Society (UK) was not in favour of testing children for recessive disorders …
Plasminogen-activator-producing Tumour
Authors: J. F. Davidson, G. P. McNicol, G. L. Frank, T. J. Anderson, A. S. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In a patient with giant-cell carcinoma of the lung a secondary tumour deposit in the arm was incised and bled for three weeks. Investigations showed the tumour to be rich in plasminogen activator. Haemostasis in the tumour was achieved with aminocaproic acid therapy. For a period the plasminogen-activator properties were retained in cell culture of the tumour.
A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Mark B. Landon, Catherine Y. Spong, Elizabeth Thom, Marshall W. Carpenter, Susan M. Ramin, Brian Casey, Ronald J. Wapner, Michael W. Varner, Dwight J. Rouse, John M. Thorp, Anthony Sciscione, Patrick Catalano, Margaret Harper, George Saade, Kristine Y. Lain, Yoram Sorokin, Alan M. Peaceman, Jorge E. Tolosa, Garland B. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Women who were in the 24th to 31st week of gestation and who met the criteria for mild gestational diabetes mellitus (i.e., an abnormal result on an oral glucose-tolerance test but a fasting glucose level below 95 mg per deciliter [5.3 mmol per liter]) were randomly assigned to usual prenatal care (control group) or dietary intervention, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and insulin therapy, if necessary (treatment group). The primary outcome was a composite of stillbirth or perinatal death and neonatal complications, including hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and birth trauma.
Taxon matters: promoting integrative studies of social behavior
Authors: Michael Taborsky, Hans A. Hofmann, Annaliese K. Beery, Daniel T. Blumstein, Loren D. Hayes, Eileen A. Lacey, Emília P. Martins, Steven M. Phelps, Nancy G. Solomon, Dustin R. Rubenstein
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2015)
Incidental Finding of Periodontal Disease on Bone Scan
Authors: DANIEL T. MYERS, KASTYTIS C. KARVELIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 45-year-old woman underwent a Tc-99m MDP bone scan to rule out the presence of active Paget's disease. The bone scan shows strikingly abnormal focal areas of uptake in both the maxilla and the mandible. A correlative panoramic radiograph of the mandible and maxilla shows findings of significant periodontal disease that correspond to the abnormal uptake seen on bone scan. The striking degree of uptake is atypical for periodontal disease, although it is seen in other disorders of the mandible and maxilla.
Neuroblastoma Angiogenesis Is Inhibited with a Folded Synthetic Molecule Corresponding to the Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Module of the Follistatin Domain of SPARC
Authors: Alexandre Chlenski, Shuqing Liu, Lisa J. Baker, Qiwei Yang, Yufeng Tian, Helen R. Salwen, Susan L. Cohn
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a multifunctional matricellular glycoprotein. In vitro, SPARC inhibits the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells stimulated by growth factors and induces endothelial cell apoptosis. We previously showed that SPARC also inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and impairs the growth of the pediatric tumor neuroblastoma (NB). SPARC comprises three domains that are independently folded by a complex pattern of disulfide bonds and have a high degree of structural conservation. In this study, separate modules of the SPARC domains were synthesized as cysteine-linked peptides and tested for their ability to inhibit angiogenesis. Peptide FS-E, representing the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like module of the follistatin (FS) domain, did not cause endothelial cell apoptosis but strongly inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)–induced endothelial cell migration with an ED50 = 10 pmol/L. In vivo, peptide FS-E blocked bFGF-stimulated angiogenesis and neovascularization induced by NB cells. The EGF-like conformation was essential for peptide FS-E function because reduction of its two disulfide bonds completely abrogated peptide activity. Peptides FS-K and EC-N, corresponding to part of the Kazal module of the FS domain and the conserved α-helix in the extracellular calcium-binding domain, respectively, had minimal to no inhibitory activity. Our data show that the EGF-like module of the SPARC FS domain is angiosuppressive, and its structural conformation is critical for antiangiogenic activity.
Results of the First Italian External Quality Assurance Scheme for Somatic EGFR Mutation Testing in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nicola Normanno, Carmine Pinto, GianLuigi Taddei, Marcello Gambacorta, Francesca Castiglione, Massimo Barberis, Claudio Clemente, Antonio Marchetti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Some asthma genotypes may not respond to 2 agonists
Authors: N Batsford
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Israel E, Chinchilli VM, Ford JG, et al . Use of regularly scheduled albuterol treatment in asthma: genotype-stratified, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Lancet2004;364:1505–12 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] This was a prospective crossover trial comparing the use of salbutamol with placebo in 78 mild asthmatics (diagnosed by chest physician, only using inhaled β agonist <56 puffs/week, FEV1 >70%) aged 18–55 years. 50% had a genetic polymorphism resulting in homozygosity for arginine (Arg/Arg) at amino acid residue number 16 of the β2 agonist … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%26rft.aulast%253DIsrael%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%26rft.volume%253D364%26rft.issue%253D9444%26rft.spage%253D1505%26rft.epage%253D1512%26rft.atitle%253DUse%2Bof%2Bregularly%2Bscheduled%2Balbuterol%2Btreatment%2Bin%2Basthma%253A%2Bgenotype-stratified%252C%2Brandomised%252C%2Bplacebo-controlled%2Bcross-over%2Btrial.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252804%252917273-5%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15500895%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17273-5&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15500895&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F2%2F143.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000224645500028&link_type=ISI
Surface Receptors in the Immune Response
Authors: David T. Rowlands, Ronald P. Daniele
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

CELLULAR membranes are not simply elaborately constructed containers of cytoplasmic organelles. Rather, the cell surface interface is a complex, highly mobile structure that functions in recognizing certain extra-cellular materials and in transmitting information generated by their recognition to subcellular organelles. Cell-surface characteristics of lymphocytes and monocytes determine the ways in which foreign materials are recognized and dealt with by the immune system as well as the manner in which a normal immune response to these materials is generated. It is the property of mast cells binding molecules of IgE immunoglobulins having specificity for certain antigens that causes release of vasoactive . . .
Cyclophosphamide Dose Intensification during Induction Therapy for Intermediate-Risk Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma Is Feasible but Does Not Improve Outcome
Authors: Sheri L. Spunt, Lynette M. Smith, Frederick B. Ruymann, Stephen J. Qualman, Sarah S. Donaldson, David A. Rodeberg, James R. Anderson, William M. Crist, Michael P. Link
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: More than half of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma cases have intermediate-risk features and suboptimal outcome (3-year failure-free survival estimates, 55 to 76%). Dose intensification of known active agents may improve outcome. Experimental Design: This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of dose intensification of cyclophosphamide in previously untreated patients ages &amp;lt; 21 years with intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma. Induction therapy comprised four 3-week cycles of VAC: vincristine (V) 1.5 mg/m2 on days 0, 7, and 14; actinomycin D (A) 1.35 mg/m2 on day 0; and dose-intensified cyclophosphamide (C) on days 0, 1, and 2. The three cyclophosphamide dose levels tested were as follows: (a) 1.2 g/m2/dose; (b) 1.5 g/m2/dose; and (c) 1.8 g/m2/dose. Continuation therapy comprised nine additional cycles of VAC with 2.2 g/m2/cycle of C. Radiotherapy was administered at week 0 (parameningeal tumors with intracranial extension) or week 12 or 15 (all others). Results: Between October 1996 and August 1999, 115 eligible patients were enrolled. Three of 15 patients treated at dose level 2 experienced life-threatening dose-limiting toxicity (typhlitis ± other severe toxicity). Dose level 1 was the maximum-tolerated dose, and 91 evaluable patients were treated at this level. The 3-year failure-free and overall survival estimates for patients treated at the maximum-tolerated dose were 52% (95% confidence interval, 41–64%) and 67% (95% confidence interval, 56–77%), respectively, at a median follow-up of 3 years. Conclusions: A 64% increase in the standard cyclophosphamide dosage during induction (to 3.6 g/m2/cycle) was tolerated. However, outcomes were similar to those observed at lower dosages, suggesting that alkylator dose intensification does not benefit patients with intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma.
Enhanced IgE and IgG Anti‐Melittin Antibody Formation Induced by Heparin‐Melittin Complexes in Mice
Authors: L. S. Kind, E. Allaway
Journal: Allergy (1982)

It is known that heparin which is strongly anionic will precipitate in vitro with cationic proteins such as melittin, the principal constituent of bee venom. Our experiments indicate that mice immunized with complexes of melittin and heparin produced greater amounts of IgE and IgG antibody (to this protein) than did mice immunized with melittin alone. It is possible that heparin released from mast cells following a bee sting could complex with melittin and enhance the allergenic properties of this molecule.
I. W. WHIMSTER
Authors: Hugh Wallace
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article I. W. WHIMSTER Get access Hugh Wallace Hugh Wallace Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 101, Issue 2, 1 August 1979, Page 235, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb05611.x Published: 01 August 1979
Scintillation Scanning in Clinical Medicine: Based on a Symposium Sponsored by the Department of Radiology of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine
Authors: Paul M. Meadows
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This new publication should be of great value to all engaged in nuclear medicine. For the neophyte it provides a good summary of many valuable scanning procedures and for the expert, sound basis for expanding present scanning services.  The scope is broad, covering all of the current clinically useful scanning areas. The volume contains 19 sections, three on basic principles, the remainder on organ scanning. The routine scanning procedures are covered plus the newer applications in parathyroid and pancreatic tumors, early detection of bone metastases and early pulmonary infarction. Most subjects are presented from more than one aspect.  The brain-scanning sections are particularly well done and should do much to extend this field. The data presented in the discussion should end the pre-scanning use of nonradioactive mercury as a blocking agent, shown here to be valueless. The consideration of pulmonary scanning, with the excellent illustrations and discussion, indicate a great
Responsibility for Emergency Room Care
Authors: Leon J. Taubenhaus
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  I was somewhat disturbed by the answer to the question on responsibility for emergency room care ( 205 :807, 1968). A hospital and its medical staff have a major legal and moral responsibility to everybody that the hospital accepts for treatment, and the nurse on the emergency floor is acting as the agent of the physician on duty whether or not the physician sees the patient.  In view of the recent court decisions which, in effect, state that average community care is not sufficient and that a hospital is required to provide the highest standards of care, I think that the physician and the hospital would be liable for any errors in judgement made by the nurse.  I firmly believe that it is exceedingly bad policy to leave to the nurse the determination as to whether or not an individual patient should be seen by the physician. Whether
Control of Endemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Carine Chaix, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Corinne Alberti, Christian Brun-Buisson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Despite the success of some countries in controlling endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), such programs have not been implemented for some hospitals with endemic infection because of concerns that these programs would be costly and of limited benefit.To compare the costs and benefits of an MRSA control program in an endemic setting.Case-control study conducted at a medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a French university hospital with a 4% prevalence of MRSA carriage at ICU admission.Twenty-seven randomly selected patients who had ICU-acquired MRSA infection between January 1993 and June 1997, matched to 27 controls hospitalized during the same period without MRSA infection.Intensive care unit costs attributable to MRSA infection, computed from excess therapeutic intensity in cases using estimates from a cost model derived in the same ICU, were compared with costs of the control program, derived from time-motion study of nurses and physicians. The threshold for MRSA carriage that would make the control strategy dominant was determined; sensitivity analyses varied rates of MRSA transmission and ratio of infection to transmission, length of ICU stay, and costs of isolation precautions.The mean cost attributable to MRSA infection was US $9275 (median, $5885; interquartile range, $1400-$16,720). Total costs of the control program ranged from $340 to $1480 per patient. A 14% reduction in MRSA infection rate resulted in the control program being beneficial. In sensitivity analyses, the control strategy was dominant for a prevalence of MRSA carriage on ICU admission ranging from 1% to 7%, depending on costs of control measures and MRSA transmission, for infection rates greater than 50% following transmission.In this example of a hospital with endemic MRSA infection, selective screening and isolation of carriers on ICU admission are beneficial compared with no isolation.
British doctors are not disappearing
Authors: P. Richards, C. McManus, I. Allen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Rumours abound that recent graduates are leaving medicine. Last autumn, for example, BMA News Review declared, “Atrocious conditions force new doctors out of medicine” after an interview with the chairman of the General Medical Council's education committee. Yet we can find no evidence for statements that up to a quarter of doctors are leaving medicine within a few years of graduation. The loss is much smaller, and much is not permanent. Three separate questions have become confused: How many medical students do not complete the course? How many doctors leave medicine and at what stage? How many doctors leave the UK and therefore the NHS?

Analysis of figures derived from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service, the GMC,1 and other sources indicate to some observers that about 7% of medical students do not complete the course2 and to others that “at least 12%” do not. 3 About half of these students fail their exams and about half change their minds; a few fail because they changed their minds. Seven per cent is low for any professional or university course and would be hard to improve on, but clearly we need to know …
Abnormalities of Chemotactic Lymphokine Synthesis and Mononuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Authors: Leonard C. Altman, Ralph Snyderman, R. Michael Blaese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by numerous humoral and cellular immune abnormalities including anergy, defective antibody production, and increased immunoglobulin synthesis. To define better the mechanisms of defective cellular immunity in this disorder, lymphoproliferative responses, lymphokine production, and the chemotactic responsiveness of mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome were quantitated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from these patients produced normal amounts of a lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor (LDCF); however, their lymphoproliferative responses were frequently depressed, particularly to antigenic stimuli. In the absence of exogenous antigens or mitogens, lymphocytes from patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome produced significantly more LDCF than unstimulated normal lymphocytes. In fact, this unstimulated LDCF production frequently approached the level produced by normal cells only after antigen or mitogen stimulation. The chemotactic responsiveness of MNL from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients was impaired, particularly in those patients with the highest rates of unstimulated LDCF production. Furthermore, normal MNL chemotactic responsiveness could be impaired by preincubation of these cells in either LDCF or plasma from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients. These observations suggest that the regulation of LDCF synthesis is abnormal in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and that a humoral chemotactic inhibitor, perhaps LDCF, "deactivates" the circulating MNL of patients with this syndrome.