tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurotic Symptoms in Patients with Organic Disease
Authors: WILLIAM B. SPAULDING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Editorial Notes1 September 1968Neurotic Symptoms in Patients with Organic DiseaseWILLIAM B. SPAULDING, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.WILLIAM B. SPAULDING, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-3-635 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAccuracy of diagnosis improves as more is learned about the causative mechanisms of symptoms. If we knew precisely how each symptom was produced for each of our patients and if we could safely turn the mechanisms on and off at will, difficulties in understanding the significance of symptoms would largely disappear. At present, the pathogenesis of relatively few symptoms is known in detail. Physiologically specific methods for the safe and reliable reproduction of common symptoms are rare. Quick ways of turning off the causative mechanisms are so limited as to be of little practical value. Lacking more scientific methods we...References1. ROBINSONWOOD JOMM: Symptoms and personality in the diagnosis of physical illness. Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 22: 23, 1968. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. GREGORY I: Psychiatry. Biological and Social, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia and London, 1961, p. 420. Google Scholar3. KESSEL WI: Psychiatric morbidity in a London general practice. Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 14: 16, 1960. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. BAUER J: Differential Diagnosis of Internal Diseases. Clinical Analysis and Synthesis of Symptoms and Signs on Pathophysiologic Basis, 2nd ed., Grune & Stratton, Inc., New York and London, 1955. Google Scholar5. RISEMANWEISS JES: The symptomatology of arterial hypertension. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 180: 47, 1930. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. AYMANPRATT DJH: Nature of the symptoms associated with essential hypertension. Arch. Intern. Med. (Chicago) 47: 675, 1931. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. BERRYNASH WTFA: Symptoms as a guide to anaemia. Brit. Med. J. 1: 918, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. WOODELWOOD MMPC: Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia. A community survey. Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 20: 117, 1966. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM B. SPAULDING, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1968Volume 69, Issue 3Page: 635-636KeywordsPathogenesis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
MPs criticise government's international strategy on HIV and AIDS
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A parliamentary committee has expressed concern at aspects of the UK government’s current strategy to tackle HIV and AIDS around the world. They say if focuses too heavily on developing general comprehensive health services at the expense of specific care packages, such as preventive services.

A report by the International Development Committee, published on 1 December, world AIDS day, suggests that government plans may not be fully effective in providing prevention and care services, in dealing with the interactions between HIV and diseases such as tuberculosis, and in integrating sexual and reproductive health programmes with programmes for people with HIV.

MPs applauded the allocation of substantial funds to the Department for International Development to strengthen health systems as part of …
Acute Renal Failure Associated with Combined Gentamicin and Cephalothin Therapy
Authors: J. P. Fillastre, R. Laumonier, G. Humbert, D. Dubois, J. Metayer, A. Delpech, J. Leroy, M. Robert
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Three patients with normal renal function developed acute renal failure between the ninth and twenty-seventh days of combined gentamicin and cephalothin therapy. The dose of gentamicin (4-6 mg/kg/day) was in the normal range, but that of cephalothin (180 mg/kg/day) was abnormally high. The nephropathy was of the tubular-interstitial type and the clinical picture similar to that seen in acute drug-induced nephropathies. Frusemide was given only after the onset of renal failure. In these three patients the high intravenous doses of cephalothin combined with gentamicin were probably nephrotoxic.
Contribution of F-18 FDG PET-CT in the Detection of Systemic Spread of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Dimitrios Karantanis, Brian P. O'Neill, Rathan M. Subramaniam, Patrick J. Peller, Robert J. Witte, Brian P. Mullan, Gregory A. Wiseman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Purpose: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) accounts for ∼3% of all primary brain tumors and 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Detection of systemic spread of PCNSL, although rare (4%), is very important since therapy is usually modified. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is commonly used for systemic staging of PCNSL. No previous case report is available in the published literature elaborating the potential contribution of F-18 FDG PET in systemic staging of PCNSL. The purpose of this case report was to document the potential usefulness of F-18 FDG-PET in the detection of occult systemic involvement in PCNSL. Materials and Methods: A 50-year-old, immunocompetent, male patient completed successful treatment of PCNSL. As part of a routine pretransplant evaluation he had an F-18 FDG PET coregistered with CT (PET-CT). The PET-CT results were then compared with those of contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Results: The PET-CT examination detected multiple sites of extranodal systemic disease that were not seen in the contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (both studies were performed within 24 hours of each other). Percutaneous ultrasound guided biopsy confirmed the presence of systemic spread of PCNSL. The patient's subsequent therapy was modified to include rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R-CHOP). A follow up PET-CT confirmed resolution of systemic spread. Conclusion: F-18 FDG PET coregistered to CT may be a useful examination in the detection and monitoring for systemic spread of the disease in PCNSL patients.
Chromosomal Changes in Leukocytes of Patients Receiving Irradiation Therapy
Authors: Shields Warren
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Human chromosomes may be readily studied by in vitro culture of leukocytes obtained from peripheral blood 1 (or even from bone marrow) to which phytohemagglutinin 2 has been added. The dividing cells are lymphocytes and perhaps monocytes, 3,4 and their chromosomal complement is representative of that of other body cells. 4 Cells of skin and fetal and other tissues, including neoplasms, can be grown in tissue culture and studied in mitotic metaphase, but these preparations are not as readily suitable for study of chromosomes. Tjio and Levan 5 in 1956 greatly stimulated interest in chromosomes by their presentation of the human karyotype.  The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of in vivo x-radiation on the chromosomes of normal human somatic cells. This has been done by analyzing cultured leukocytes from cancer patients who have had much hemopoietic tissue exposed in the course of x-ray therapy. Taking samples
9 BOCEPREVIR RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED VARIANTS (RAVS) ARE OBSERVED MORE FREQUENTLY IN HCV (GT1)-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH POOR RESPONSE TO PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B/RIBAVIRIN
Authors: S. Zeuzem, R.J. Barnard, J.A. Howe, R.A. Ogert, R. Ralston, N. Boparai, C.A. Brass, J.K. Albrecht, M. Burroughs, V. Sniukiene, F. Poordad, S.C. Gordon, I.M. Jacobson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A Protest Against Compulsory Publicity.
Authors: W. J. and C. H. Mayo
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Rochester, Minn., Feb. 10, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —We have lately suffered an unwarranted intrusion into our private affairs, through the publication in certain newspapers of a sensational article furnished by a "Sunday Supplement" syndicate. Up to the present we have succeeded in checking several such publications. We are now taking legal steps to determine what redress if any, may be had, and to what extent not only ourselves, but the medical profession as a whole, can be protected against such outrages on common decency.
PEGylated cationic nanoemulsions can efficiently bind and transfect pIDUA in a mucopolysaccharidosis type I murine model
Authors: Michelle Fraga, Fernanda Bruxel, Dirnete Diel, Talita Giacomet de Carvalho, Carlos Alberto Perez, Rogério Magalhães-Paniago, Ângelo Malachias, Mônica Cristina Oliveira, Ursula Matte, Helder Ferreira Teixeira
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Stat recruitment by tyrosine-phosphorylated cytokine receptors: An ordered reversible affinity-driven process
Authors: Andrew C. Greenlund, Mary O. Morales, Beth L. Viviano, Hai Yan, John Krolewski, Robert D. Schreiber
Journal: Immunity (1995)

Herein, we demonstrate that purified Stat1 binds to its tyrosine-phosphorylated docking site on the IFN gamma receptor alpha chain in a direct, specific, and reversible manner. Using surface plasmon resonance, we determine the affinity (KD = 137 nM) and specificity of the interaction and define the minimum affinity needed for receptor-mediated Stat1 activation. In addition, we quantitate the relative ability of purified Stat1 to interact with tyrosine-phosphorylated binding sites on other Stat proteins. Finally, we describe experiments that imply that the unidirectional release of activated Stat1 from the IFN gamma receptor reflects the preference of free tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat1 monomers to form high avidity reciprocal homodimers rather than reassociating with the receptor binding site. Our results demonstrate that IFN gamma-induced Stat1 activation is an ordered and affinity-driven process and we propose that this process may serve as a paradigm for Stat activation by other cytokine receptors.
Estimation of serum pepsinogen.
Authors: V Ilic, G H Spray
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS A modified method for estimating serum pepsinogen using haemoglobin as substrate offers some advantages over those previously published.Measurement of serum pepsinogen, the proteolytic activity of serum at about pH 2-0, has been used as one of a number of indirect tests of gastric function.Patients with pernicious anaemia and related con- ditions show lower levels of serum pepsinogen than normal subjects (Chinn, 1953; Hoar and Browning, 1956; Mirsky, Futterman, and Kaplan, 1952; Nolan, 1958; Singh and Shinton, 1965).Bock, Arapakis, Witts, and Richards (1963), using a modi- fication of the method of Edwards, Jepson, and Wood (1960) with freeze-dried human plasma as the substrate, found a correlation between the serum pepsinogen level and the histological appearance of gastric biopsy specimens.As part of an investigation being made in this Department of the incidence of 'latent pernicious anaemia ' (Callender and Spray, 1962) among the relatives of patients with pernicious anaemia, we wished to measure pepsinogen in the serum of a large number of subjects.A study of the method used by Bock et al. (1963) showed it to be both too laborious and unsuitable in other respects for use in a survey requiring several hundred estimations.A modified method has therefore been developed, using haemoglobin as substrate, and incorporating a buffer system to control the pH of the mixtures of substrate and serum.Both substrate and serum are treated with charcoal to reduce the blank readings, and the use of the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent to measure tyrosine has been eliminated.This method appears to offer some advantages over those previously published, and it is described in detail in this paper, together with the results obtained in normal subjects and patients with pernicious anaemia.METHODS suBsTRATE Haemoglobin type II powder (Sigma London Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used throughout as the substrate.Haemoglobin (2 g.) was dissolved in 25 ml.water con- taining 3-4 drops of 0-5 N NaOH solution, using a magnetic stirrer.The volume was made up to 100 ml. with sodium acetate-HC1 buffer (16-4 g. anhydrous
Gonococcal Tonsillar Infections
Authors: A. Bro-Jorgensen, T. Jensen
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae were cultured from tonsillar swabs in six men and six women out of 161 consecutive, unselected, Danish patients (95 men and 66 women) suffering from urogenital or rectal gonorrhoea. Gonococci were found in the tonsils in only one out of 49 foreign men with gonorrhoea. Eleven of the Danish patients admitted orogenital contact at their most recent intercourse. The gonococcal complement fixation test was negative in all except two cases. Standard singledose treatment cured the urogenital and rectal infections promptly but failed to cure the tonsillar infection in five cases, and in recalcitrant cases the organisms were demonstrable for some months.
Healing the Schism: Epidemiology, Medicine, and the Public's Health
Authors: Gilbert S. Omenn
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This engaging memoir begins with an extended and familiar lamentation about two intertwined problems: the "inability of the public health enterprise to attract and retain its essential share of the best minds in medicine" and the "failure by most physicians to understand or appreciate the population (or public health) perspective." Dr White names four root causes: failure to establish public health as a separate profession; failure to establish epidemiology as the entire health establishment's fundamental science; failure to teach epidemiological and social science concepts in medicine; and failure of medicine and public health to cooperate. Readers may be surprised to learn that the glory days of medicine were before Flexner or Pasteur—before the germ theory of disease! White claims that physicians in many countries had a broad view of their mission and worried about unacceptable environmental and social conditions that endangered the public's health. Indeed, alert clinicians had discovered environmental
The private finance initiative: the gift that goes on taking
Authors: A. M. Pollock, D. Price
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Its genius is how it diverts public resources to private interests

Perfidious financial idiocy was how the BMJ ’s editor described the private finance initiative (PFI) in 1999.1 Under the policy, NHS hospitals and land are sold off and new hospitals built using private loans instead of public loans or grants. We argued at the time that this would result in bed closures because hospitals had not been funded to pay the full costs of the loans, which are paid back over the 30-60 year contract period.2 3 And that’s what happened: English NHS hospital capacity fell by 73 882 beds (almost a third) between 1992-3 and 2009-10, and occupancy rates rose to unsafe levels of more than 85% during the period when the PFI system of loan financing was introduced.4 5 In 2000, as controversy grew over PFI related bed reductions, the government’s National Bed Inquiry found that further acute sector closures were unlikely to be safely attainable without more intermediate and community service beds, and it recommended reversal of bed closures.6 The wasteful £4bn (€4.8bn; $6.3bn) independent sector treatment centre programme was introduced as a stop gap,7 and hospital reconfiguration continued⇓. 



Last week the Public Accounts Committee revealed that PFI is even less affordable.8 …
RANDOMISED PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN VACCINE IN FRENCH HAEMODIALYSIS UNITS: II, HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Jean Crosnier, Paul Jungers, AnneMarie Couroucé, Agnès Laplanche, Ellen Benhamou, Francoise Degos, Bernard Lacour, Paul Prunet, Yvanne Cerisier, Pierre Guesry
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Can we afford screening for neural tube defects?
Authors: K Spencer, P Carpenter
Journal: BMJ (1985)

hospital), and that it is unfair and may be dangerous to leave decisions about follow up to these same mothers.He also proposes that children under 6 months should be seen monthly by health visitors.As a means of preventing infant deaths such visits remain controversial; they will certainly reduce the time available for health visitors to seek out children who do not attend at routine clinics.Dr Valman deals at length with policies for secondary prevention but neither the recent multicentre study nor any other has con- vincingly defined sensitive and specific clinical predictors of sudden infant death.The report itself concludes that primary prevention might be most effective and suggests that the policies which are likely to improve postneonatal mortality are those aimed at reducing accidents and infections in infancy and smoking in mothers, encouraging breast feeding, and improving socioeconomic conditions.
Nitric Oxide Modulates Interleukin-1 β and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Synthesis by Alveolar Macrophages in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: HAN-PIN KUO, CHUN-HUA WANG, KUO-SHIUNG HUANG, HORNG-CHYUAN LIN, CHIH-TENG YU, CHIEN-YIN LIU, LING-CHUAN LU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha released from alveolar macrophages (AM) in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are important in host defense against mycobacterial infection. Nitric oxide (NO) production is enhanced in AM of TB patients. We examined whether NO was implicated in (IL)-1beta and TNF-alpha synthesis by AM of TB patients. Purified AM were retrieved by bronchoalveolar lavage from 11 TB patients and 10 normal subjects, and were cultured with or without the NO inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). The release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and expression of their messenger RNAs (mRNAs), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Northern blot analysis. The release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha was greater from AM of TB patients than from AM of normal subjects. L-NMMA inhibited nitrite, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production in TB patients. The mRNA expression for IL-1beta and TNF-alpha was upregulated in TB patients and was depressed by L-NMMA. Immunocytochemistry done with a monoclonal antibody against the p65 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB showed that NF-kappaB was highly expressed and translocated to the nuclei of AM from TB patients, and was inhibited by L-NMMA. Inhibition of NF-kappaB by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuated IL-1beta and TNF-alpha synthesis. In conclusion, enhanced NO generation by AM of TB patients plays an autoregulatory role in amplifying the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, probably through NF-kappaB activation.
AICAR induces apoptosis independently of AMPK and p53 through up-regulation of the BH3-only proteins BIM and NOXA in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Antonio F. Santidrián, Diana M. González-Gironès, Daniel Iglesias-Serret, Llorenç Coll-Mulet, Ana M. Cosialls, Mercè de Frias, Clara Campàs, Eva González-Barca, Esther Alonso, Verena Labi, Benoit Viollet, Adalberto Benito, Gabriel Pons, Andreas Villunger, Joan Gil
Journal: Blood (2010)
UK report recommends better planning for phase I drug trials
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The first trials of new drugs in humans should be planned much more carefully, with the same clarity of purpose, design, and analysis as for studies supporting drug licensing, a report published this week recommends.

The report, published by a working party of the Royal Statistical Society, was prompted by the TGN1412 drug trial last year in which six healthy volunteers experienced severe immune reactions ( BMJ 2005;332:683, doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7543.683). It found that “the trial design was not well suited to its objectives of testing the safety and tolerability of the drug.”

Stephen Senn, professor of statistics at the University of Glasgow …
HbA1c Levels Are Significantly Lower in Early and Late Pregnancy
Authors: Lene R. Nielsen, Pia Ekbom, Peter Damm, Charlotte Glümer, Merete M. Frandsen, Dorte M. Jensen, Elisabeth R. Mathiesen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Strict glycemic control is essential to minimize the maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality of pregnancies complicated by diabetes (1–3). In addition to home blood glucose measurement, which may not always reflect the true average blood glucose level (4), HbA1c is a useful parameter in metabolic regulation (5–8). Thus, supplementation with HbA1c, as is common outside pregnancy, seems appropriate.

Before pregnancy, the target for metabolic control in women with diabetes is HbA1c values near the normal range (9). However, the upper normal range of HbA1c during normal pregnancy is only sparsely investigated with different methods (10), mainly in late pregnancy (5,6,11,12), and reference ranges are generally established from the nonpregnant state (4). Increased third-trimester HbA1c levels are associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (3,13), macrosomia (1), and stillbirth (2), leading to speculations that the target for HbA1c in pregnancy should be even lower than outside pregnancy to prevent adverse events.

There is a need to establish the reference range of HbA1c during normal pregnancy with an internationally recognized Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)-aligned method. In this study, we evaluated the normal upper range of HbA …
CASE OF DECIDUAL TEETH ERUPTION AT BIRTH
Authors: George W. Cusick
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Owing to the rarity of the condition and the scarcity of reports in the literature available, I should judge it worth while to report a case of decidual teeth erupted at birth. The child was delivered in the left occipito-anterior position after a labor of three hours' duration. The mother, a tertipara, aged 23, reports that her first child was delivered while she was standing, and that she was in labor forty-eight hours with her second, though instruments were not used in either case and both children were normal. This child had the left forearm flexed with the hand palm down on the shoulder, but the delivery was easy without any trauma. The child was normal in all respects except for a swelling, the size of a large pea on the lower gum, in which the central incisor teeth could be seen and felt. The child refused to nurse, and
Effect of engineered anisotropy on the susceptibility of human pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes to arrhythmias
Authors: Jiaxian Wang, Aaron Chen, Deborah K. Lieu, Ioannis Karakikes, Gaopeng Chen, Wendy Keung, Camie W. Chan, Roger J. Hajjar, Kevin D. Costa, Michelle Khine, Ronald A. Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
A 4-Year Longitudinal Study of 555 Patients Treated with Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Annette Rasmussen, Sara B. Bloch, Josefine Fuchs, Louise H. Hansen, Michael Larsen, Morten LaCour, Henrik Lund-Andersen, Birgit Sander
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)