tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oropharyngeal or Gastric Colonization and Nosocomial Pneumonia in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: M. GARROUSTE-ORGEAS, S. CHEVRET, G. ARLET, O. MARIE, M. ROUVEAU, N. POPOFF, B. SCHLEMMER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Colonization of the digestive tract has been supposed to be the source of many hospital-acquired infections, especially nosocomial pneumonia. To assess the relationship between oropharyngeal and gastric colonization and subsequent occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia, we prospectively studied 86 ventilated, intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Oropharyngeal or gastric colonizations were detected and quantified on admission and twice weekly during ICU stay. When nosocomial pneumonia was suspected on clinical grounds (new chest X-ray infiltrate and purulent tracheal secretions), diagnosis was assessed on fiberoptic bronchoscopy with quantitative cultures of a protected specimen brush sampling and/or a plugged telescoping catheter sampling yielding > or = 10(3) cfu/ml of at least one microorganism. Bacterial strains responsible for colonization and infection (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus aureus) were compared using pulsed-field electrophoresis. A total of 31 cases (36%) of pneumonia were diagnosed. Oropharyngeal colonization, detected either on admission or from subsequent samples, was a predominant factor of nosocomial pneumonia as compared with gastric colonization. For instance, oropharyngeal colonization with A. baumannii yielded a 7.45-fold estimated increased risk of pneumonia as compared with patients not yet or not identically colonized (p = 0.0004). DNA genomic analysis demonstrated that an identical strain was isolated from oropharyngeal or gastric samples and bronchial samples in all but three cases of pneumonia, due to S. aureus. These findings provide better knowledge of the pathophysiology of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients.
A telephone-based motivational interviewing intervention has positive effects on psoriasis severity and self-management: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: M.H. Larsen, A.L. Krogstad, E. Aas, T. Moum, A.K. Wahl
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article A telephone‐based motivational interviewing intervention has positive effects on psoriasis severity and self‐management: a randomized controlled trial Get access M.H. Larsen, M.H. Larsen Department of Health Sciences Institute of Health and Society The Medical Faculty University of Oslo P.O. Box 1089 Blindern N‐0317 Oslo NorwaySection for Climate Therapy Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Correspondence Marie Hamilton Larsen. E‐mail: m.h.larsen@medisin.uio.no Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.L. Krogstad, A.L. Krogstad Section for Climate Therapy Oslo University Hospital Oslo NorwayThe Department of Dermatology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Aas, E. Aas The Department of Health Management and Health Economics Institute of Health and Society The Medical Faculty University of Oslo P.O. Box 1089 Blindern N‐0317 Oslo Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Moum, T. Moum Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine The Medical Faculty University of Oslo Oslo Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.K. Wahl A.K. Wahl Department of Health Sciences Institute of Health and Society The Medical Faculty University of Oslo P.O. Box 1089 Blindern N‐0317 Oslo Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 6, 1 December 2014, Pages 1458–1469, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13363 Published: 01 December 2014
The effect of phospholipase C on human blood platelets.
Authors: A B Otnaess, T Holm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The effect of phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3) on human blood platelets has been studied. Phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus was purified to homogeneity as judged by analytical and sodium dodecyl sulphate disc gel electrophoresis and by immunoelectrophoresis. Human platelets isolated from platelet-rich plasma by gel filtration or by centrifugation and washing were incubated with phospholipase C. A loss of 20-45% of the total platelet phospholipid was observed, whereas 88% was hydrolyzed when platelet homogenates were submitted to identical enzyme treatment. Intact platelets lost 50-75% phosphatidylethanolamine, 20-50% phosphatidylcholine, and 20-25% phosphatidylserine. Sphingomyelin was not a substrate for the enzyme under the conditions used. The platelets contained no detectable endogenous phospholipase C activity. The loss of phospholipid was not accompanied by aggregation of the platelets, nor did the platelets lose their ability to aggregate with ADP or thrombin. Total platelet factor 3 releasable by freezing and thawing was reduced. Measurements of releasable platelet factor 4 and the efflux of serotonin showed that no release reaction was triggered even when up to 45% of the total phospholipid in the platelets was hydrolyzed. When sphingomyelinase was added together with, before, or after phospholipase C, aggregation occurred. Sphingomyelinase alone gave no aggregation. The gel-filtered platelets also aggregated upon addition of purified phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens. The distribution of phospholipids in the platelet membrane is discussed.
Prediction of the physiologic significance of coronary arterial lesions by quantitative lesion geometry in patients with limited coronary artery disease.
Authors: R F Wilson, M L Marcus, C W White
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Studies in animals with normal coronary arteries have shown that coronary flow reserve can be predicted by angiographic measurements of arterial stenosis. Studies in man, however, suggest that even quantitative analysis of coronary angiograms cannot predict the physiologic significance of individual coronary lesions. These studies, however, were carried out in patients with either widespread, diffuse coronary artery disease or by measurement techniques that tend to underestimate maximal coronary flow reserve. To determine the relationship between coronary arterial stenosis and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients with discrete limited coronary atherosclerosis, we studied 50 patients with a single discrete coronary stenosis in only one or two vessels. The minimum coronary arterial cross-sectional area (mCSA), percent area stenosis (%AS), and percent diameter stenosis in the left and right anterior oblique projections were determined by the Brown/Dodge method of quantitative coronary angiography. A No. 3F coronary Doppler catheter was placed immediately proximal to the lesion. Measurements of CFR were obtained by intracoronary administration of papaverine in doses sufficient to provide maximal arteriolar vasodilation. In 25 patients, a translesional pressure gradient was obtained with an angioplasty catheter. CFR measured in patients with coronary artery disease was compared with that in 13 patients with normal coronary vessels. In normal patients, CFR averaged 5.0 +/- 0.6 (peak/resting velocity ratio; mean +/- SEM, range 3.7 to 8.2). In patients with limited coronary artery disease, CFR was closely correlated with %AS (r = .85), mCSA (r = .79), and the translesional pressure gradient (r = .83). Additionally, the most severe percent diameter stenosis in either the left or right anterior oblique view was also highly correlated with CFR (r = .82). Importantly, all arteries with lesions producing less than 70% area stenosis and less than 50% diameter stenosis, or with greater than 2.5 mm2 mCSA had CFR of over 3.5. These results suggest that, in contrast to the poor correlation of percent area and percent diameter stenosis to CFR measured in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, CFR measured at angiography in patients with discrete, limited coronary artery disease correlates closely with luminal stenosis determined precisely with quantitative coronary angiography. Differences in the extent of diffuse arterial narrowing may account for these discrepancies.
Investigating Alternative Medicine Therapies in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Arthur Margolin
Journal: JAMA (1998)

4many of which are procedures that are not readily testable under blinded conditions and for which the choice of appropriate control conditions is by no means straightforward. Furthermore, alternative medicine therapies may also possess a theoretical basis, may stem from a cultural tradition that is seemingly antithetical to a quantitative, biomedical framework, 4-7 or may possess little foundational research on which to base a controlled evaluation. In this article, we discuss a number of key methodological issues that arise in the controlled evaluation of one widely used alternative medicine procedure—acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine addiction, and we offer some suggestions for how these issues may be addressed. Basis for Undertaking a Controlled Trial An important principle governing the justification for conducting an RCT 8 is that a condition of genuine clinical uncertainty, or “equipoise,” 9 exists among clinical experts regarding the relative benefits of the trial’s treatments. However, the application of this principle entails a community of colleagues sharing basic assumptions and a common knowledge base, with consensus views founded on empirical investigations. These conditions may not be satisfied with respect to considerations of alternative medicine, which typically involve heterogeneous groups comprising incommensurate cultural and evaluative frameworks and, more often than not, a paucity of systematically derived data. Even within the biomedical community, alternative medicine generates considerable controversy. 10 The application of traditional concepts of “clinical equipoise” to alternative medicine is therefore an unsettled question, much in need of elucidation and a statement of general principles. Lacking this, investigators of an alternative medicine treatment must negotiate the justification to conduct the trial, as well as criteria for informed consent, on a case-by-case basis. Relevant to this discussion is whether the alternative medicine treatment is being compared with a conventional treatment as an alternative, as a supplement, or, where no effective conventional treatment is available, with an inactive control condition, along with whatever preliminary evidence concerning safety and efficacy is available. Auricular acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine addiction demonstrates how a confluence of circumstances, within both Western medicine and alternative medicine, creates a context within which the evaluation of an alternative treatment can generate broad support. Among the circumstances
Health care's reformation
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

“We are experiencing a healthcare reformation,” writes Joanne Shaw this week (doi:10.1136/bmj.b1080). Like the Catholic church in 16th century Europe, which threw away its Latin texts interpretable only by the priesthood, medicine is being transformed. With varying degrees of enthusiasm, acceptance, and resignation, doctors are interacting with an increasingly web enabled laity.

Some of you may think the reformation is complete or at least has gone far enough. But anyone who has been or supported a patient in the past few years will know that medicine finds it hard to shake off its paternalistic tendencies. There is a long way to go before patients truly …
THE ACTION OF ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ON THE BACTERICIDAL PROPERTY OF THE BLOOD
Authors: J. E. GONCE
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The experimental facts on the physiologic action of the ultraviolet rays may be divided into three outstanding groups of theoretical and practical importance: the effect on growth and nutrition, the inhibitive action on bacterial growth, and the influence on the antimicrobic resistance of higher organisms. Experimental work of recent years has been focused almost exclusively on the first problem, and these investigations on the action of ultraviolet rays on growth, nutrition and germination have yielded many conclusive results. On the other hand, the more ancient investigations on light as an anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory agent have not revealed much information of an exact nature. Most of the latter work has been based on clinical observations, but, convincing as clinical evidence may be in demonstrating the effectiveness of actinic rays in climatic cures, such experiments always fall short of proving scientifically the value of each individual factor in climatic treatment. While there
Three-dimensional visualization of physiologically based kinetic model outputs.
Authors: J Nichols, P Rheingans, D Lothenbach, R McGeachie, L Skow, J McKim
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Outputs from a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PB-TK) model for fish were visualized by mapping time-series data for specific tissues onto a three-dimensional representation of a rainbow trout. The trout representation was generated in stepwise fashion: 1) cross-section images were obtained from an anesthetized fish using a magnetic resonance imaging system, 2) images were processed to classify tissue types and eliminate unnecessary detail. 3) processed images were imported to a visualization software package (Application Visualization System) to create a three-dimensional representation of the fish, encapsulating five volumes corresponding to the liver, kidney, muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and fat, Kinetic data for the disposition of pentachloroethane in trout were generated using a PB-TK model. Model outputs were mapped onto corresponding tissues volumes, representing chemical concentration as color intensity. The workstation software was then used to animate the images, illustration the accumulation of pentachloroethane in each tissue during a continuous branchial (gill) exposure.
Rationing Just Medical Care
Authors: Lawrence J. Schneiderman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

U.S. politicians and policymakers have been preoccupied with how to pay for health care. Hardly any thought has been given to what should be paid for--as though health care is a commodity that needs no examination--or what health outcomes should receive priority in a just society, i.e., rationing. I present a rationing proposal, consistent with U.S. culture and traditions, that deals not with "health care," the terminology used in the current debate, but with the more modest and limited topic of medical care. Integral to this rationing proposal--which allows scope to individual choice and at the same time recognizes the interdependence of the individual and society--is a definition of a "decent minimum," the basic package of medical treatments everyone should have access to in a just society. I apply it to a specific example, diabetes mellitus, and track it through a person's life span.
THE ACCIDENTS AND COMPLICATIONS OF PELVIC SURGERY AND THEIR TREATMENT.
Authors: J. B. DEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Dr. Edeboh's' suggestion may be of service in some cases by giving a larger field ol operation, but in a case of a small uterus I do not think it would be sufficiently in the way to make its removal necessary.A pregnant uterus would, of course, be very much in the way.
Cosmetic issues of abdominal surgery: results of an enquiry into possible grounds for a natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) approach
Authors: M. Hagen, O. Wagner, D. Christen, P. Morel
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Decreased scarring is an advantage of minimally invasive surgery. The new experimental technique of natural orifice transluminal surgery (NOTES) aims at totally scarless surgery. We examined the general attitudes of patients and unaffected persons towards scarless surgery.We used a 7-item questionnaire in structured interviews with hospital visitors, following detailed standardized explanation of terms used and of possible complications, to groups of 10 participants, during an "open ward" day. A visual analog scale (VAS) from 1 (none) to 10 (very much) was used for all but one item. Questions concerned the importance of cosmetic results in abdominal surgery, satisfaction regarding existing scars, hypothetical acceptance of increased risk as a trade-off for the absence of scars, and other issues. Data were analyzed for participants overall, and for three age groups and both sexes.292 participants (male : female 1 : 1; mean age 43 years) completed the questionnaire. Cosmetic issues were rated as important (median 8), but acceptance of existing scars was also high in those affected (median 8, n=68). Approval of scarless surgery decreased with a presumed risk increase (from score 9 down to score 5), and overall an increase in risk of 10 % was judged to be acceptable as a trade-off for total absence of scarring. Younger people tended to be less satisfied with scars, but were also less inclined than older people to accept higher surgical risk in this hypothetical context.People generally seem to favor scarless abdominal surgery, even with some increase in risk.
Magnesium sulphate: the drug of choice in eclampsia
Authors: J. P Neilson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Until this year, the pharmacological treatment of eclampsia has been determined largely by geography, habit, and prejudice. Magnesium sulphate has been the drug of choice in the United States; in Britain, diazepam and, more recently, phenytoin have been favoured.1 None of these choices was influenced by strong scientific evidence.

A network of researchers has recently reported the first large randomised trial comparing these three drugs in eclampsia.2 The collaborative eclampsia trial is the most important obstetric trial of the 20th century, and it has set new standards for vision and ambition in clinical trials in perinatal medicine. It included no fewer than 1680 eclamptic women recruited by local clinicians in west and southern Africa, South America, and India; and the trial was coordinated mainly by the National Perinatal …
Catheter-Induced Ablation of the Atrioventricular Junction to Control Refractory Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Melvin M. Scheinman, Fred Morady, David S. Hess, Rolando Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Five patients with recurrent bouts of supraventricular tachycardia proved resistant or became intolerant of both conventional and experimental drugs. These patients were subjected to a new procedure involving delivery of DC shocks to an electrode catheter positioned adjacent to the His bundle. Complete atrioventricular (AV) block was produced in all, one patient died suddenly six weeks after shock therapy, and the remainder had complete AV block with follow-up intervals ranging from four to 12 months. Shock therapy was associated with mild elevations of creatine phosphokinase MB (31± 18 units), but there was no hemodynamic evidence of tricuspid insufficiency. If this new technique proves safe and effective, it should supplant the need for open heart surgical procedures for His-bundle ablation. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:851-855)
Toxic Effects of Chronic Marihuana Use
Authors: Harold Kolansky
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Thirteen adults between the ages of 20 and 41 years, all of whom smoked cannabis products intensively (three to ten times per week) for a period of 16 months to six years, were seen during the period of 1969 through 1971. They all demonstrated symptoms that simultaneously began with cannabis use and disappeared within 3 to 24 months after cessation of drug use. In addition, a correlation of symptoms was observed in relation to the duration and frequency of smoking. When coupled with the stereotyped nature of the symptoms regardless of psychological predisposition, a consideration of biochemical and structural changes in the central nervous system (possibly cerebral cortex) as a result of intensive cannabis use seemed to be in order. It would appear that the present medical and public approach to education regarding the danger of marihuana use should undergo some reassessment.
Don't Eat the Quails
Authors: James L. Tullis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Physicians were the first individuals recorded by name in history. Their attempts to define disease influenced fundamentally the cultures and religions of the world. Surgical skills, although highly developed in ancient times, appear to have been less well documented historically than medical disorders. Because of the greater threat to survival that diseases posed, they became incorporated into religious customs. Contagious diseases also influenced greatly the laws, traditions and historical events of the Bible. Leprosy provided a physical example that presumably represented an image of sin, but it probably was no more prevalent as a disease during Biblical times than at present. Many of the Biblical stories assumed to be allegorical may have been founded on medical fact. For example, it appears likely that the quails that poisoned the wandering Jews were contaminated with cyanide.
Review: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors do not increase overall adverse events in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Saurav Chatterjee, Sanjay Chatterjee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Gooßen K, Gräber S. Longer term safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14:1061-72. 22519906
660 HIV/HCV-COINFECTED PATIENTS WHO ACHIEVED SVR ARE STILL AT RISK OF DEVELOPING HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: N. Merchante, E. Merino, C. Tural, A. Rivero-Juárez, F. Jover, M.J. Galindo, C. Mínguez, M.J. Ríos-Villegas, M. Márquez-Solero, J.A. Pineda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Blockage of receptor for advanced glycation end products prevents development of cardiac dysfunction in db/db type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Jan M. Nielsen, Steen B. Kristiansen, Rikke Nørregaard, Claus L. Andersen, Larry Denner, Torsten T. Nielsen, Allan Flyvbjerg, Hans E. Bøtker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Hepatic Manifestations of Glucose Phosphatase Deficiency
Authors: RENE P. duCRET, ROBERT J. BOUDREAU, CHRISTOPHER J. KELLEY, COLE J. PANUSHKA, MERLE K. LOKEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

duCRET, RENE P. M.D.; BOUDREAU, ROBERT J. M.D., Ph.D.; KELLEY, CHRISTOPHER J. M.D.; PANUSHKA, COLE J. M.D.; LOKEN, MERLE K. M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Percutaneous Cholangioscopy for Management of Retained Biliary Tract Stones and Intrahepatic Stones
Authors: T. Yamakawa
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Over the last 13 years starting from 1975 when the first improved cholangiofiberscope was developed at the Teikyo University Hospital, 216 patients with retained biliary tract stones and 93 patients with intrahepatic stones have been seen; stone extraction was successful in 210 and 83 cases with percutaneous cholangioscopy, the success rate being 97.2 and 89.4 % respectively. In particular, the advent of sophisticated technology for smashing stones, such as electrohydraulic lithotripsy, and cholangiofiberscope instrumentation have certainly helped to improve the therapeutic results in biliary tract stones. Today it can be claimed that visible stones are readily removable with percutaneous cholangioscopy. Moreover, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy has been proved to be an indispensable tool for the management of intrahepatic stones and benign or malignant biliary tract diseases. Another advantage of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy is that it may be indicated, even in patients in whom the transduodenal approach is considered too difficult to apply. The author firmly believes that even better therapeutic results can be expected if this endoscopic approach becomes more routine.