tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
T‐cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia and hereditary hemochromatosis: A fortuitous association?
Authors: S. Gaur, S. Mansoor, L. Aish
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract We describe a patient with hereditary hemochromatosis (homozygous for C282Y mutation) and neutropenia who was found to have underlying T‐cell large granular lymphocytic (T‐LGL) leukemia. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiple quantitative and qualitative defects have been described for the T cells of patients with hemochromatosis. Although the association between the two may be fortuitous, this case report raises the possibility that the T cells in these patients may be susceptible to leukemic transformation as well. Am. J. Hematol. 78:299–301, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Best foot forward
Authors: P McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

A newspaper article from Australia last weekend described a man who collects old thongs off the beach. Now a word in the ear of those of you who know the term thong only as an item of uncomfortable female underwear can rest easy. In Australia, it refers to a type of rubber footwear worn on beaches. In Queensland, and other northern states of Australia, it may be considered an acceptable item of apparel on formal occasions. What was remarkable about this thong enthusiast or thongologist is that he had acquired almost 5000 discarded thongs over the past few years, which he has nailed to his front fence. Why would you bother—one may well ask—but I would imagine a colourful rubber thong fence may well look more attractive to potential buyers than piles …
Genome-Wide Identification of Direct Target Genes Implicates Estrogen-Related Receptor α as a Determinant of Breast Cancer Heterogeneity
Authors: Geneviève Deblois, Jacqueline A. Hall, Marie-Claude Perry, Josée Laganière, Majid Ghahremani, Morag Park, Michael Hallett, Vincent Giguère
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha) is an orphan nuclear receptor, the expression of which correlates with negative prognosis in breast cancer. ERRalpha shares functional features with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and its activity is modulated by the ERBB2 signaling pathway. Using genome-wide binding sites location analyses in ERalpha-positive and ERalpha-negative breast cancer cell lines, we show that ERRalpha and ERalpha display strict binding site specificity and maintain independent mechanisms of transcriptional activation. Nonetheless, ERRalpha and ERalpha coregulate a small subset of common target genes via binding either to a dual-specificity binding site or to distinct cognate binding sites located within the extended promoter region of the gene. Although ERRalpha signaling in breast cancer cells is mostly independent of ERalpha, the small fraction of common ERRalpha/ERalpha targets comprises genes with high relevance to breast tumor biology, including genes located within the ERBB2 amplicon and GATA3. Finally, unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on the expression profiling of ERRalpha direct target genes in human breast tumors revealed four main clusters that recapitulate established tumor subtypes. Taken together, the identification and functional characterization of the ERRalpha transcriptional network implicate ERRalpha signaling as a determinant of breast cancer heterogeneity.
Duodenal Ulcer-Reply
Authors: Randolph A. Rovelstad
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Palmer correctly calls attention to the cost of calcium carbonate in bulk form. We referred to the study of Brody and Bachrach (<i>Amer J Dig Dis</i><b>4</b>:435, 1959) in which retail cost was based on 5 proprietary tablets and 2 proprietary liquid preparations of calcium carbonate. For tablet and, presumably, powder forms, in vitro efficiency as measured by their technique at a 15-minute end point was 57% to 91% of that calculated and considered to reflect delayed reactivity. Assuming a basal secretory rate of 6 mEq. of hydrochloric acid per hour and an eight-fold antacid excess over in vitro requirements to allow in their experience for gastric emptying, the proprietary forms of calcium carbonate would cost $12.90 to $172.80 per month. We find with an<i>in situ</i>glass electrode technique that 3 or 4 gm. of calcium carbonate at 30-minute intervals are needed to maintain
Alveolar macrophages and lung lesions after combined exposure to nickel, cobalt, and trivalent chromium.
Authors: A Johansson, T Curstedt, C Jarstrand, P Camner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

In earlier inhalation exposures of rabbits, nickel increased the production of surfactant by type II cells, with secondary effects on morphology and function of alveolar macrophages. Cobalt induced mainly a nodular growth pattern of the type II cells. Trivalent chromium seemed to impair the capacity of macrophages to catabolize surfactant but did not affect the type II cells. We exposed rabbits by inhalation to combinations of nickel (0.6 mg/m3 as NiCl2) and trivalent chromium [1.2 mg/m3 as Cr(NO3)3] (Ni-Cr), cobalt (0.5 mg/m3 as CoCl2) and nickel (0.5 mg/m3) (Co-Ni), or cobalt (0.5 mg/m3) and chromium (1.2 mg/m3) (Co-Cr) for 4 months, 5 days/week, 6 hr/day. Alveolar macrophages, alveolar type II cells, and lung content of phospholipids were determined. All combined exposures induced more pronounced lung lesions than exposures for each of the metals. Phospholipid concentrations were significantly higher. There were significantly higher percentages of macrophages filled with surfactant-like inclusions and a smooth surface. Accumulations of macrophages in alveoli were more widespread. Chromium potentiated the effects of nickel and cobalt on the type II cells, which led to secondary effects on the macrophages. Nickel potentiated the specific effects of cobalt, i.e., type II cell nodule formation. The result indicates that noxious effects could also be induced in man by combined exposure to nickel, cobalt, and trivalent chromium in concentrations similar to those occurring in some occupational settings.
Effect of clindamycin on the ability of a continuous culture of colonic bacteria to ferment carbohydrate.
Authors: C A Edwards, B I Duerden, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1986)

A continuous culture model of the proximal colon was used to study the effect of clindamycin on the ability of colonic bacteria to ferment carbohydrate. Six steady state anaerobic cultures of human faeces, in a medium simulating ileostomy effluent, were treated with 26 micrograms/ml clindamycin. They were paired with six untreated cultures, run under identical conditions. Clindamycin treatment eliminated the anaerobic bacteria, significantly decreased osmolality and the output of volatile fatty acids, particularly propionic acid and increased the residual carbohydrate concentration. Doubling the amount of carbohydrate in the medium increased osmolality and the production of volatile fatty acid, though the response of clindamycin treated cultures was less than that of untreated cultures. Attempts to introduce Clostridium difficile into three pairs of cultures were successful in only two cultures after administration with clindamycin and when a heavy inoculum (10(6)-10(9) organisms) had been used.
Too Sick to Wait
Authors: Arthur L. Kellermann
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Public hospitals in general (and their emergency departments in particular) have long functioned as America's health care safety net for our urban poor. In this issue ofThe Journal, researchers at two California public hospitals present findings<sup>1,2</sup>that challenge a fundamental assumption about emergency department care—that it will always be available in time of need. Both groups of researchers report a disturbing observation. In the face of growing hospital and emergency department overcrowding, substantial numbers of patients with serious problems are leaving emergency departments without being seen. In contrast to previous studies,<sup>3-6</sup>which determined that most patients who walk out of hospital emergency departments have minor or self-limited problems, these two studies documented a far more serious situation. According to self-reported measures of health status and objective nursing assessments, many of these patients had problems that required urgent treatment. Few left quickly,
Isolated co-lipase deficiency in two brothers.
Authors: H Hildebrand, B Borgstrom, A Bekassy, C Erlanson-Albertsson, I Helin
Journal: Gut (1982)

Two normally developed Assyrian brothers with isolated pancreatic co-lipase deficiency are described. They presented at the age of 5-6 years with loose stools. They had steatorrhoea, and analysis of exocrine pancreatic enzymes in the small intestine showed co-lipase deficiency, while amylase, chymotrypsin, trypsin and lipase were normal. Intraduodenal infusion of purified co-lipase improved fat digestion measured by the triolein breath test. Their steatorrhoea diminished on treatment with enteric-coated pancreatic enzymes.
lndium-111 Leukocyte Uptake in Neoplasms
Authors: SUPPIAH BALACHANDRAN, CHARLES M. BOYD, MUHAMMAD M. HUSAIN, ROBERT F. SCHAEFER, HEMENDRA R. SHAH, KHOSROW BEHJATI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Uptake of In-111 leukocytes by tumors may lead to a false diagnosis of abscess. Differentiation of tumor from abscess is an especially important problem in the brain. A patient with a metastatic brain lesion that showed In-111 WBC uptake was studied. Subsequently, 19 tumor sites were studied in 16 patients who had variety of neoplasms. In nine sites, histologic examination of biopsy or autopsy material showed granulocytic, lymphocytic, or macrophagic infiltration, and six of these had In-111 leukocyte uptake. Three sites had brain metastases, and uptake occurred variably in a variety of other tumors. Uptake of In-111 leukocytes by tumors must be recognized as a diagnostic hazard using this method for detection of suspected abscesses, which may be especially confusing in a patient with cancer.
Lenalidomide as induction therapy before allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a patient with proliferative CMML-2 and del(5q) not involving the EGR1 locus
Authors: U Platzbecker, B Mohr, M von Bonin, M Binder, J Schetelig, G Ehninger, M Bornhäuser
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Central nervous system effects of beta-adrenergic-blocking drugs: the role of ancillary properties.
Authors: J B Kostis, R C Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Among the side effects commonly reported with the use of beta-blockers are symptoms related to the central nervous system (CNS). In this study we compared the effects of four beta-blockers with different ancillary properties (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and pindolol) and placebo on objective and subjective measures of CNS function in 30 healthy male subjects. All subjects were randomly assigned to a double-blind, placebo controlled, Latin-square design study in which five 1 week periods of drug or placebo administration were separated by 2 week washout periods. Laboratory evaluations were conducted at the end of each treatment period, and included multistage exercise stress testing; questionnaire assessments of mood state, sexual function, and sleep habits; tests of psychomotor function; and overnight polysomnographic measures of sleep. Significant effects on sleep continuity were observed for each of the lipophilic drugs, as reflected in the number of awakenings (pindolol = 6.4 +/- 5.0; propranolol = 6.3 +/- 3.2; metoprolol = 7.2 +/- 4.7; atenolol = 3.6 +/- 2.9; placebo = 3.9 +/- 2.7) and time of wakefulness (pindolol = 20.6 +/- 27.0 min; propranolol = 15.5 +/- 23.0 min; metoprolol = 19.5 +/- 24.3 min; atenolol = 10.2 +/- 11.6 min; placebo = 9.2 +/- 74.5 min). Only pindolol significantly affected rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time (pindolol = 54.5 +/- 21.9 min; placebo = 74.5 +/- 74.5 min) and REM latency (pindolol = 175.0 +/- 60.7 min; placebo = 95.4 +/- 43.8 min). Subjective reports of sleep similarly indicated increased wakefulness and greater restlessness with lipophilic beta-blockers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A women's health shop: a unique experiment.
Authors: S E Robinson, M M Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A women9s health shop in Edinburgh was open for 16 months to provide information and advice in a non-clinical setting and to allow an interchange between informal and formal care in the community. Staffed by nurses, it was visited by 5664 women and 400 men, an average of 24 people each working day. The most popular topics for discussion were women9s health problems, and 17% of women had a personal discussion with the nurse. The shop provided a useful and popular service and offered a practical method of furthering the concept of health promotion.
Short-term course and prognosis of Crohn's disease
Authors: F. T. De Dombal, I. L. Burton, S. E. Clamp, J. C. Goligher
Journal: Gut (1974)

An analysis is presented of the course and outcome of the initial referred attack in a group of 332 patients with Crohn9s disease treated at the General Infirmary at Leeds from 1939 to 1968 inclusive. A further 50 cases were excluded on the basis of insufficient diagnostic evidence: usually such patients had acute terminal ileitis. Only 5% of patients achieved full remission on conservative management, and most eventually came to surgery. The overall fatality rate was some 3·3% and this was affected chiefly by the severity of attack and the age of the patient. The severity of attack was classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to a system which took into account factors such as bowel habit, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, pulse rate, temperature, haemoglobin, and weight. In attacks graded as `mild9, no deaths occurred; in those graded `severe9 the fatality rate was 8·8%. Similarly, whilst no patient under 20 years of age died, the fatality rate in the over 60s was some 14·8%. Further comparison between the present group of 332 patients and an earlier series of 204 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (Watts, de Dombal, Watkinson, and Goligher, 1966a) shows considerable differences in the course and prognosis of the two diseases. In particular 70% of patients with ulcerative colitis achieved remission on conservative management alone whereas only 5% of Crohn9s disease patients did so. These differences, and in particular the poor response to conservative therapy, are discussed, together with their implications for management.
Inhibition of omeprazole induced hypergastrinaemia by SMS 201-995, a long acting somatostatin analogue in man.
Authors: J L Meijer, J B Jansen, L F Crobach, I Biemond, C B Lamers
Journal: Gut (1993)

Whether the long acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 (octreotide, Sandostatin) could inhibit the basal and meal stimulated hypergastrinaemia and hyperpepsinogenaemia induced by omeprazole was investigated. Eight healthy subjects were randomised to receive five day courses of SMS 201-995 (25 micrograms subcutaneously three times daily), omeprazole (40 mg once a day), a combination of both drugs, or placebo. Basal and meal stimulated serum gastrin and basal serum pepsinogen A and C values were measured the day before treatment, on day five of treatment, and the day after each course of treatment. Omeprazole caused significant increases in basal and meal stimulated peak and integrated serum gastrin values and pepsinogen A and C levels, which were still significantly raised the day after stopping omeprazole treatment. Giving SMS 201-995 with omeprazole significantly reduced any omeprazole induced increases in basal and meal stimulated peak and integrated serum gastrin levels; serum pepsinogen A and C values were significantly inhibited too. Serum gastrin values during combined therapy were not significantly different from those during placebo treatment, whereas pepsinogen A and C levels were still significantly raised. On the day after stopping combined therapy, basal and meal stimulated peak and integrated serum gastrin and serum pepsinogen C (but not pepsinogen A) levels were not significantly different from values obtained on the day after stopping omeprazole alone. SMS 201-995 without omeprazole significantly inhibited basal and meal stimulated peak and integrated serum gastrin levels. Pepsinogen A was also significantly inhibited by SMS 210-995, but the reduction in pepsinogen C failed to reach statistical significance. In conclusion, SMS 201-995 prevents basal and meal stimulated increases in serum gastrin during omeprazole therapy. This finding may have clinical importance in the few patients who have pronounced hypergastrinaemia because of profound long acting acid inhibition.
Prednisone in MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: C Jacobs, C S Portlock, S A Rosenberg
Journal: BMJ (1976)

High remission rates have been produced by MOPP (mustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) chemotherapy in patients with advanced Hodgkin9s disease, but the prednisone component has caused adverse effects in patients who have undergone radiotherapy. The remission rates and length of remission were reviewed in 211 patients with Hodgkin9s disease who received chemotherapy either with or without prednisone. In contrast to the findings of a British study, there were no significant differences in remission rates or length of remission between patients who had received prednisone and patients who had not. There were differences between the British prospective study and this retrospective one, but it is difficult to know what accounted for the substantial differences in the findings.
A Decision Analysis of Consent
Authors: Jonathan Baron
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: consentdecision analysisutilitarianismOpen Peer Commentaries: C. Barry Hoffmaster, p. 53Scott D. Halpern, p. 55Stephen R. Latham, p. 56Liva H. Jacoby, p. 58David Emmanuel Gray, p. 59Connie C. Price, p. 62Erik Nord, p. 65Carson Strong, p. 67Jacqueline L. Colby, p. 69Jed Adam Gross, p. 71
HEREDITARY OSTEOPETROSIS OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

Gross and microscopic observations on the skeleton of rabbits with hereditary osteopetrosis have been described. All the bones were invariably and similarly affected. The outstanding abnormalities included the persistence of spongy bone and the presence of fibrous tissue together with the failure of development of a marrow cavity and medullary marrow. The amount of hemopoietic tissue, which was present only in comparatively small foci, was greatly reduced. The character of the lesions and their development as determined by examination of material at various stages of the disease suggested that the essential defect concerned the mesenchymal cell. The pathologic features observed generally resembled those of human osteopetrosis as did the manifestations of the disease during life (1, 2).
General Psychiatry as a Primary-Care Specialty
Authors: Nikitas J. Zervanos
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Primary care is obviously a confusing term. With all due respect to Drs Oken and Fink, psychiatry is not a primary-care "specialty." I am inclined to believe that those responsible for formulating public policy on health manpower recognize the importance of psychiatry in health and medical care, but not as a discipline that is geared to assuming the responsibility for continuing and comprehensive health care. Psychiatry no doubt provides first contact care for some people and integration and continuity for others, but for most people, psychiatry is a specialty that is intended to deal with more complex emotional issues. Granted, some people have emotional problems as their overriding medical concern, and most visit their "family doctors" for such concerns. Agreed, some will visit with their psychiatrist more than any other healer, but the psychiatrist is not adequately trained nor oriented toward providing prevention or health maintenance services
Translational and Clinical Science — Time for a New Vision
Authors: Elias A. Zerhouni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Dr. Elias Zerhouni on NIH support for translational and clinical research. (07:29)Download Dr. Elias Zerhouni, director of the National Institutes of Health, discusses translational and clinical research and presents a new plan to provide additional financial support for this important area of investigation.
Inflammation of the uveal tract as a presenting feature of temporal arteritis.
Authors: B Dasgupta, C Pitzalis, G S Panayi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

erythematosus, occurs most commonly in diseases of altered immunity, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and may be due to an effect on regulatory 1' lymphocyte function.7Evidence in support of T cell mediation as a second possible mechanism for the induction of morphoea by penicillamine is illustrated by the cases of two patients who developed-morphoea following bone marrow transplants8 after initial development of acute and chronic skin changes of graft versus host disease.The latter represents immune attack on host antigens (the epithelial cells in the skin) by donor T lymphocytes.The morphoea appeared to represent the final healing stage of longstanding inflammation.Acute sensitivity reactions to penicillamine present as local or generalised erythematous, macular, and papular or urticarial eruptions.This may account for this patient's initial skin rash, which subsquently progressed to morphoea.
Spermicide Use and Sexually Transmitted Disease
Authors: Elizabeth Bernardik
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Spermicides are active in vitro against organisms that cause a variety of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),<sup>1</sup>and clinical studies suggest that spermicide use reduces the risk of endocervical gonococcal and chlamydial infections.<sup>2</sup>To examine the effect of using spermicidal contraceptives on trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis, we performed a cross-sectional study of women who attended a large reproductive health clinic. <h3>Methods.</h3> —The records of women who attended the gynecology and STD services of Planned Parenthood of New York City between July 1983 and March 1984 were reviewed. Spermicide users included all women who reported current use of any combination of spermicides, with or without barrier devices. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed from clue cells or Gram's stains; trichomoniasis and candidiasis were diagnosed by wet mount.<sup>3</sup>Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for spermicide users compared with oral contraceptive users were computed using the BMDP
DANGERS ATTENDING INTRASPINAL TREATMENT WITH MERCUROCHROME
Authors: EARL B. McKINLEY
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The history of the development of specific chemotherapy in medicine is well known. Startling discoveries of chemotherapeutic agents that have stood the test of time and experimentation have been rare indeed. Those now available to the medical profession are exceedingly few. The German school has continued this line of investigation with unremitting attention since the time of Ehrlich's discovery of the spirocheticidal action of arsphenamine, though elsewhere throughout the world there has been a general lack of interest except on the part of a few investigators. In the United States, the therapeutic effect of various dyestuffs has been studied in recent years. We shall not attempt here to review the studies that have been made with this type of chemotherapy. The reports are ponderous, and if one were to draw a general conclusion from them it would be that the significant thing about them is the great variation in the