tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Consultant surgeon is suspended by GMC for botching operations and lying to coroner
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Schwann cell phenotype is classified as either myelinating or nonmyelinating. Additional phenotypic specialization is suggested, however, by the preferential reinnervation of muscle pathways by motoneurons. To explore potential differences in growth factor expression between sensory and motor nerve, grafts of cutaneous nerve or ventral root were denervated, reinnervated with cutaneous axons, or reinnervated with motor axons. Competitive reverse transcription-PCR was performed on normal cutaneous nerve and ventral root and on graft preparations 5, 15, and 30 d after surgery. mRNA for nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 was expressed vigorously by denervated and reinnervated cutaneous nerve but minimally by ventral root. In contrast, mRNA for pleiotrophin (PTN) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor was upregulated to a greater degree in ventral root. ELISA confirmed that NGF and BDNF protein were significantly more abundant in denervated cutaneous nerve than in denervated ventral root, but that PTN protein was more abundant in denervated ventral root. The motor phenotype was not immutable and could be modified toward the sensory phenotype by prolonged reinnervation of ventral root by cutaneous axons. Retrograde labeling to quantify regenerating neurons demonstrated that cutaneous nerve preferentially supported cutaneous axon regeneration, whereas ventral root preferentially supported motor axon regeneration. Schwann cells thus express distinct sensory and motor phenotypes that are associated with the support of regeneration in a phenotype-specific manner. These findings suggest that current techniques of bridging gaps in motor and mixed nerve with cutaneous graft could be improved by matching axon and Schwann cell properties.
Remission induction therapy with methotrexate and prednisone in patients with early rheumatoid and undifferentiated arthritis (the IMPROVED study)
Authors: Kirsten Wevers-de Boer, Karen Visser, Lotte Heimans, H Karel Ronday, Esmeralda Molenaar, J Hans L M Groenendael, André J Peeters, Marie-Louise Westedt, Gerard Collée, Peter B J de Sonnaville, Bernard A M Grillet, Tom W J Huizinga, Cornelia F Allaart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Aim</h3> Classifying more patients as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for RA) may improve treatment outcomes but may cause overtreatment in daily practice. The authors determined the efficacy of initial methotrexate (MTX) plus prednisone treatment in patients with 1987 or 2010 classified RA and undifferentiated arthritis (UA). <h3>Method</h3> 610 recent onset RA or UA patients started with MTX 25 mg/week and prednisone 60 mg/day tapered to 7.5 mg/day in 7 weeks. Percentage remissions after 4 months were compared between RA (1987 or 2010 criteria) and UA. Predictors for remission were identified. <h3>Results</h3> With the 2010 criteria, 19% more patients were classified as RA than with the 1987 criteria, but similar remission rates were achieved: 291/479 (61%) 2010 classified RA and 211/264 (58%) 1987 classified RA patients (p=0.52), and 79/122 (65%) UA patients (p=0.46). Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) positive RA patients achieved more remission (66%) than ACPA negative RA patients (51%, p=0.001), but also had a lower mean baseline Disease Activity Score (DAS) (3.2 vs 3.6, p&lt;0.001). Independent predictors for remission were male sex, low joint counts, DAS and Health Assessment Questionnaire, low body mass index and ACPA positivity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Initial treatment with MTX and a tapered high dose of prednisone results in similarly high remission percentages after 4 months (about 60%) in RA patients, regardless of fulfilling the 1987 or 2010 criteria, and in UA patients. Independent predictors indicate that initiating treatment while disease activity is relatively low results in more remission.
Hyperphosphatemia in Lactic Acidosis
Authors: Lawrence R. O'Connor, Keith L. Klein, John E. Bethune
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The initial clue to the presence of lactic acidosis is usually a physical sign such as Kussmaul breathing, a sudden change in mental status or the complex of signs associated with shock. Often it is an "out-of-limits" value reported by the laboratory, such as low blood pH or low serum bicarbonate. Occasionally, the diagnosis will be sought when circumstance and the history suggest it — for example, in the diabetic patient who deteriorates suddenly on phenformin or is found to be acidemic but not ketonemic.In 1966 Tranquada, in a report from this institution, noted that serum inorganic phosphorus was . . .
Synergistic activation of dendritic cells by combined Toll-like receptor ligation induces superior CTL responses in vivo
Authors: Tobias Warger, Philipp Osterloh, Gerd Rechtsteiner, Melanie Fassbender, Valeska Heib, Beate Schmid, Edgar Schmitt, Hansjörg Schild, Markus P. Radsak
Journal: Blood (2006)
PWE-009 Caecal PH Measurement is an Objective Biomarker of Excessive Fermentation in Patients with Bloating and Distension
Authors: A Hobson, S Mohammed, G Dukes, M Scott
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates by the colonic microbiota is an important part of maintaining a healthy colonic environment. However, excessive fermentation is thought to play a role in exacerbating symptoms of bloating, distension, pain and alternating bowel habit. By-products of the fermentation process include short chain fatty acids (SCFA's) which reduce caecal pH. Measurement of caecal pH therefore provides an opportunity to objectively quantify aspects of fermentation but has been technically challenging to achieve. In this retrospective study, we compared intestinal pH and pressure profiles using an ingestible wireless motility capsule (WMC) (SmartPill, Buffalo, US) in healthy controls and patients with symptoms of bloating, distension, pain and alternating bowel habit. <h3>Methods</h3> Motility and pH data were reviewed from 16 healthy controls (Cx) and 16 age and sex matched patients (Px) that had undergone the WMC study using a standardised protocol. Motility measures (area under curve (AUC)) were anchored around known anatomical landmarks as identified by compartmental pH changes. 60-minute epochs were used to quantify antral, duodenal, ileal, caecal and distal colonic contractility. The maximum and minimum pH was measured either side of the ileo-caecal junction. All data are presented as means (±95% CI). <h3>Results</h3> No differences were seen in any of the motility parameters, compartmental transit times or maximal ileal pH between the two groups. Minimum caecal pH was significantly lower in patients compared to control (Px = 5.14 ± 0.14 v Cx = 6.12 ± 0.16, p &lt; 0.0001). The 95% CI for maximum pH drop across the ICJ in health was 1.65 units. There was a significant correlation between caecal pH and caecal contractility (r = 0.498, p = 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this study, we have shown that patients with lower abdominal symptoms typically associated with, but not limited to, conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have a significantly lower caecal pH compared to controls. This low pH environment is maintained by fermentation and subsequent SCFA production. SCFA have been shown to inhibit colonic motility in-vitro and contractility as measured by the WMC was correlated with caecal pH. With the recent success of anti-biotic therapy and low fermentable diets in the treatment of lower bowel symptoms in IBS, measurement of caecal pH using the WMC provides an objective and quantifiable biomarker of fermentation. This may be used to sub-classify patients with a broad spectrum of GI disorders and identify those that may benefit most from antibiotic, probiotic and dietary interventions providing novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of lower GI symptoms. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> A. Hobson Paid Instructor for: Given Imaging, S. Mohammed: None Declared, G. Dukes Employee of: GSK, M. Scott: None Declared
Tyrosine phosphatases in vessel wall signaling
Authors: K KAPPERT, K PETERS, F BOHMER, A OSTMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are critical regulators of cellular processes like migration, proliferation and differentiation that are involved in physiological and pathological vessel wall function. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry of this enzyme family, discuss the present knowledge concerning the identity and involvement of PTPs in vascular cells and in pathways of relevance to cardiovascular diseases. We also briefly introduce ongoing efforts to develop inhibitors of PTPs, and finally point to some opportunities for use of such agents in novel treatment strategies.
P79Sirt1 modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy in heart
Authors: A Guilbert, A Prola, V Ventura-Clapier, C Lemaire
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disruption of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) homeostasis, a condition referred to as ER stress, has been implicated in many cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart, heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis and cardiotoxicity. In cardiomyocytes, ER stress is known to trigger autophagy, a dynamic process responsible for the degradation of cell components by the lysosomal pathway. However, it has become apparent that autophagy in the heart may have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences depending on the context. Besides, the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1, the founding member of the sirtuins family, has been shown to be activated in response to different heart stresses to promote cell adaptation and survival. We thus hypothesised that SIRT1 might be involved in the regulation of ER stress-induced autophagy in the heart to provide a cardioprotective adaptation. Methods: H9c2 cells (rat cardiomyoblasts) were treated with the well known ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TN, 10 μg/mL), which impedes N-glycosylation and provokes the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. The level of ER stress (GRP78, GRP94) and autophagy (LC3-II) were assessed by western blot. Autophagy was also evaluated by flow cytometry using Cyto-ID® autophagy detection probe. The role of SIRT1 was studied by using EX527, a specific pharmacological inhibitor of this deacetylase and by RNA interference. For in vivo experiments, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg/kg TN once daily and heart tissues were analyzed 48h after injection.
Procedures in practice. Intravenous urography.
Authors: B Cramer, G de Lacey
Journal: BMJ (1980)

INTRAVENOUS UROGRAPHYIntravenous urography is the most commonly performed radiological examination of the urinary tract.The information obtained is primarily anatomical, as the examination provides only a crude assessment of renal function.It is, however, highly accurate in delineating the size and shape of the kidneys, calices, and ureters.Most hospitals will have a basic routine procedure, but it must be modified to suit each individual patient.This may entail changing the radiographic technique, dose of contrast medium, and views obtained, and possibly using tomography. Contraindications Renal failure Multiple myelomatosisNo absolute contraindications to urography exist but caution should be observed in five groups.(1) Patients with known sensitivity to radiological contrast media.(2) Patients with renal failure: transient rises in serum creatinine concentrations after high-dose urography have occurred.Care is particularly important in patients with diabetes mellitus and even mild renal failure.(3) Patients with multiple myelomatosis.(4) Neonates.(5) Pregnant women.Careful selection is essential in all these patients, and the radiologist will often suggest an alternative and safer procedure such as ultrasonography or isotope renography.For example, when ureteric or bladder-neck obstruction is suspected then ultrasonography will invariably confirm or refute this possibility.When excretion urography is regarded as essential in multiple myeloma or renal failure, however, then the patient should be well hydrated before the procedure.In renal failure dehydration may result in severe volume depletion, electrolyte imbalance, and worsening renal function.Preparing these patients requires more than removing the "no fluids" instruction on the ward.There is often a delay before urography is performed, which can effectively result in a dehydrated patient.It is important that the radiologist and referring clinician make arrangements to see that such inadvertent dehydration does not occur.The possibility of irradiating an unsuspected fetus is minimised if the x-ray department institutes the "10-day rule"-that is, that women of reproductive age (12-50 years) will be booked for urography only during the first 10 days of their menstrual cycle.
A Model to Determine 3-Month Mortality Risk in Patients With Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure
Authors: Ming–Hua Zheng, Ke–Qing Shi, Yu–Chen Fan, Hai Li, Chao Ye, Qiong–Qiu Chen, Yong–Ping Chen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
DOUBLE-BLIND MULTICENTRE COMPARISON OF OMEPRAZOLE AND RANITIDINE IN THE TREATMENT OF REFLUX OESOPHAGITIS
Authors: E.C. Klinkenberg-Knol, H.P.M. Festen, J.M.B.J. Jansen, S.G.M. Meuwissen, C.B.H.W. Lamers
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Structural basis of thrombin-mediated factor V activation: the Glu666-Glu672 sequence is critical for processing at the heavy chain–B domain junction
Authors: María Ángeles Corral-Rodríguez, Paul E. Bock, Erick Hernández-Carvajal, Ricardo Gutiérrez-Gallego, Pablo Fuentes-Prior
Journal: Blood (2011)
Ulcer and Gastritis
Authors: W. K. Leung, D. Y. Graham
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Recent progress in the area of ulcer and gastritis is still dominated by findings and reports on Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which in turn are the two major causes of peptic ulcers. Although the prevalence of H. pylori is declining in most developed countries, it is still contributing to a significant proportion of peptic ulcers globally. The interrelationship of H. pylori gastritis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux has become more apparent. H. pylori-induced gastric body gastritis is associated with reduced acid production, and thus with reduced reflux and esophagitis. The controversies regarding the interactions between H. pylori and NSAIDs have still not been settled. With the availability of the new COX-2-specific inhibitors, the current scenario of NSAID-related gastroduodenal complications will certainly change. Short-term usage of these agents has significantly reduced the incidence of endoscopic ulcers, but the benefits in terms of clinical outcomes, such as bleeding or perforation, remain to be determined. This review summarizes the recent literature on peptic ulcer and gastritis.
The Doctor and the Soul: From Psychotherapy to Logotherapy
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Even before Dr. Frankl's appalling experience in the concentration camps at Auschwitz and Dachau, he was searching for a  which would go beyond that of Freud or Adler. His wartime experiences evidently helped him to formulate his ideas and methods. In 1946 he published two books in German, both of which describe his philosophy and methods. The first is a short, somewhat autobiographical account which was translated into English as From Death-Camp to Existentialism . The other, somewhat longer with more explanation of his ideas and more clinical examples, was first translated into English in 1955 as The Doctor and the Soul . The present volume represents a revision of this, with a new chapter on therapy which includes many brief case histories.  Frankl states that he is concerned with a psychotherapy in spiritual terms. Believing that the distress of many patients is due not so much to neurosis as to
Immediate Effects of Intravenous Verapamil in Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: L. Schamroth, D. M. Krikler, C. Garrett
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Verapamil was administered by intravenous injection to 181 patients with various cardiac arrhythmias. The automaticity of the cardiac pacemaker was slowed in sinus, idionodal, and idioventricular tachycardia. In atrial fibrillation the drug usually slowed the ventricular response and often made it regular. In some cases atrial flutter was converted to sinus rhythm, the ventricular response being reduced in the remainder. Conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm was consistently achieved. A favourable response occurred in four patients in whom arrhythmias were associated with pre-excitation syndromes. There were no adverse clinical side effects.
Correction: Error in Abstract
Authors: VINCENT M. RICCARDI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1977Correction: Error in AbstractVINCENT M. RICCARDI, M.D., F.A.C.P.VINCENT M. RICCARDI, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-2-253_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The abstract of the article by Ratnoff and Jones in the May 1977 issue contains an error. In brief, it indicates that only 50% of women born of hemophiliac men would be expected to be carriers of that disease. The final two sentences of the abstract are the relevant ones and it is worth quoting them in full: "The validity of the techniques used is supported by the frequency with which the carrier state was recognized in daughters of hemophiliacs who themselves had no sons. Corrected for the known error of the method, 48% of 75 such... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1977Volume 87, Issue 2Page: 253-253 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Low Platelet Adhesiveness and Other Hemostatic Abnormalities in Hypothyroidism
Authors: J. ROGER EDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Fifteen patients with definite hypothyroidism and two with probable hypothyroidism had extensive hemostatic profiles done. In 12 of the 16 patients tested, the platelet adhesiveness (platelet retention in a glass bead column) was abnormal, and in 1 more it was borderline. In the six patients who were studied repeatedly, hemostatic abnormalities either markedly improved or disappeared after treatment with L-thyroxine. It is concluded that, in addition to the previously reported coagulation factor deficiencies (which we also observed in some of our patients), low platelet adhesiveness occurs frequently in patients with hypothyroidism.
Take more responsibility for your own health, NHS staff told
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

All NHS staff in England should be given basic training in how to take responsibility for their own health and wellbeing, in a bid to cut sickness absence and make the NHS better value for money, advises an interim review for the Department of Health. 

The report, which is based on interviews with 11 000 NHS employees, was drawn up by an independent occupational health adviser, Dr Steve Boorman, as part of the government’s response to Dame Carol Black’s report Working For a Healthier Tomorrow, published in March last year ( BMJ 2008;336:631, doi:10.1136/bmj.39524.523403.DB).

It shows that the NHS workforce has relatively high levels of sickness …
The role of oxygen free radicals in occupational and environmental lung diseases.
Authors: V Vallyathan, X Shi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Oxygen free radicals and their metabolites, collectively described as reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The pulmonary system is particularly vulnerable to ROS-induced injury because of its continuous exposure to toxic pollutants from a wide variety of sources in the ambient air. Additionally, lungs are exposed systemically to ROS generated from xenobiotic compounds and endogenous sources. This review describes the sources of endogenous and exogenous ROS generation in the lung. Special emphasis is given to major sources of ROS in occupational and environmental exposures to asbestos, crystalline silica, coal, chromium, herbicides, bleomycin, and cigarette smoke. ROS-induced lung injury at different target levels may contribute to similar patterns of cell injury and alterations at the molecular level by initiation, propagation, and autocatalytic chain reactions. Intracellular signalling, activation and inactivation of enzymes, stimulation, secretion, and release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and nuclear factor activation and alterations are also common events. Understanding the interactions of these intricate mechanistic events is important in the prevention and amelioration of lung injury that results from acute and chronic exposures to toxins in ambient air.
Evidence that an iron chelator regulates collagen synthesis by decreasing the stability of procollagen mRNA
Authors: Hitoshi Ikeda, George Y. Wu, Catherine H. Wu
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Iron chelation has been shown previously to decrease collagen synthesis at a posttranslational level by inhibiting prolyl 4-hydroxylase, one of the key enzymes in collagen metabolism. On the other hand, recent in vivo studies of iron overload in rats suggest that iron could specifically activate collagen gene expression in liver tissues. These findings led us to investigate whether iron chelation might also affect collagen gene expression and posttranslational modification. Our data indicate that α,α′-dipyridyl, an iron chelator, at a concentration of 1 mmol/L, decreased steady-state levels of type I procollagen messenger RNA by 42% (p &lt; 0.001) without affecting β-actin messenger RNA levels. Nuclear runoff studies demonstrated that transcription of the type I procollagen gene was unchanged by α,α′-dipyridyl. However, the turnover rate of type I procollagen messenger RNA was increased by 30%. This pretranslational inhibition of collagen synthesis was not due to decreased lipid peroxidation, because thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were unchanged by α,α′-dipyridyl. However, cycloheximide totally abolished the effect, indicating that de novo protein synthesis was required. (Hepatology 1992;15:282-287).
Cyclic AMP and calcium uptake of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in relation to increased rate of relaxation under the influence of catecholamines
Authors: E. Shinebourne, R. White
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Cyclic AMP 10−3 Molar caused a 300-500% increase in the rate of calcium uptake of sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated by differential centrifugation from canine myocardium.