tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of IDDM After Donating Kidney to Diabetic Sibling
Authors: William J Riley, Noel K Madaren, Rebecca P Spillar
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The goal of this study was to describe a patient who developed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) after donating a kidney to his sibling andto suggest a possible solution to prevent such an occurrence. A 42- yr-old man was found to have islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) as part of a screeningprogram of first-degree relatives with IDDM. Two years previously, he had donated his kidney to his HLA-identical sibling with long-standing IDDM. Both oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests demonstrated a gradual loss of insulin secretion and increasing glucose intolerance until the patient developed IDDM 6 yr after the nephrectomy. Whether the presence of ICA is an absolute contraindication to being a kidney donor could be debated. Nonetheless, ICA should be used as a screening test to identify individuals at risk for subsequent IDDM. For those found to be positive, counseling should be provided.
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Fat in Great Britain
Authors: D. C. Abbott, R. Goulding, J. OG. Tatton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In order to assess the trend in the body load of organochlorine pesticide residues in Great Britain, between July 1965 and June 1967 samples of fat were taken during routine necropsies on 247 subjects over 3 years old and on 44 stillborn or premature babies and infants below the age of 3. The levels of the three main pesticides, B.H.C., dieldrin, and D.D.T., were lower than those found in an earlier survey carried out in 1963 and 1964. No marked differences were observed in levels throughout Britain, but the levels in man were higher than those in women. Britain compares favourably with other countries in which similar surveys have been done.
Inhibitory effects of the novel antagonist of both GP IIb/IIIa and vitronectin receptors on the formation of coronary thromboemboli caused by an inhibition of adenosine receptors during coronary hypoperfusion in dogs
Authors: Hiroshi Asanuma, Masafumi Kitakaze, Koichi Node, Shoji Sanada, Hisakazu Ogita, Seiji Takashima, Masanori Asakura, Tetsuo Minamino, Michihiko Tada, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Downregulation of CD43 in RAEB and RAEB-T patients. Report of 3 cases
Authors: D.S. Kyriakou, M. Alexandrakis, M. Tzardi, D. Stephanaki, G.D. Eliopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

CD43 (leukosialin, sialophorin) is a cell surface mucin expressed at high levels on most leukocytes and is reported to be involved in adhesion, anti-adhesion, and signal transduction prodders. Regulation of its expression is thought to take place through methylation of the DNA in the nonproducing cells, and the methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine induces expression of the sialophorin gene. Here we report three cases of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes in which acquired severe deficiency of the CD43 antigen on the surface of most hemopoietic cells was observed. Peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells from 32 MDS patients and 20 healthy individuals were analyzed by flow cytometry after labeling with an anti-CD43 (DF-T1) monoclonal antibody. In 1 patient with refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) and 2 patients with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t), the percentages of CD43(+) PBMC were 3.8%, 6%, and 9.9%, respectively. The deficiency was observed at protein and RNA level as confirmed by western and southern blot, while analysis of the DNA by single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing did not reveal any difference in the gene sequence between the CD43(+) and CD43(−) cells of these patients. It is known that patients with MDS may have normal and dysplastic population of hemopoietic cells. Further studies are needed to reveal the mechanism of downregulation of the gene in these 3 patients and whether the phenomenon is related to the dysplastic population only or not. Am. J. Hematol. 63:20–27, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Leading doctor attacks Russia's health system
Authors: A. Osborn
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A prominent Russian doctor has delivered a devastating verdict on the country’s health system, claiming that it is riddled with corruption, neglect, and incompetence.

Leonid Roshal, the director of Moscow’s Institute for Emergency Child Surgery, used a high profile medical conference in April to air his complaints, sparking a bad tempered debate that seems to have prompted the Kremlin to fail to invite him to a key meeting on child health.

The 78 year old paediatrician alleged that unnecessary medical equipment was being bought so that officials could cream off kickbacks, that there was an appalling lack of …
Threshold Weight and Ponderal Index
Authors: Alvin Shemesh
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to comment on a recent letter by Antonio Boba, MD (235:2476, 1976) and on two recent articles on the evaluation of obesity (234:1158,1190,1975). In general practice, the use of the ponderal index (PI) is the most convenient method of setting weight standards. Dr Carl Seltzer (<i>N Engl J Med</i>274:254-259, 1966) relates PI to mortality rates. He plots a curve of mortality risk that becomes asymptotic at a PI value of 12.3. He states "The ratio of actual to expected mortality does not appreciably increase beyond 100 until the ponderal index is approximately 12.3 or lower. Below that level the mortality ratio rises at all ages." Reworking the equation for ponderal index, we have derived the following formula: We have calculated a standard ofweight that can be labeled "threshold weight" (TW). This is defined as the crucial weight, above which the mortality for the
Temperature Regulation in the Newborn Infant
Authors: William A. Silverman, John C. Sinclair
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

MAN thrived earliest and most prolifically in areas of the world with a mean annual temperature close to 21°C. (70°F.).1 His migrations from the 21°C. isotherm were for the most part associated with the development of skills in the use of clothing and shelter to create a temperate microclimate rather than the evolution of unique physiologic mechanisms that permitted him to live in a wide range of climates. Since man compensates for changes in heat balance principally by modifying his behavior, helpless subjects must depend on caretakers to adjust the "private climate" to prevent an inordinate expenditure of metabolic energy . . .
Cognitive-Behavioral Self-Help Treatment for Nightmares: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jaap Lancee, Victor I. Spoormaker, Jan van den Bout
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2010)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Several cognitive-behavioral techniques are effective in reducing nightmare frequency, but the therapeutic factor (e.g. cognitive restructuring, systematic desensitization) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the nightmare treatments imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), exposure, and recording (keeping a diary) – in a self-help format – with a waiting list. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Participants were recruited through a Dutch nightmare website. After completion of the baseline questionnaires, 399 participants were randomly assigned to a condition, received a 6-week self-help treatment (or were placed on the waiting list), and filled out the post-treatment measurements 11 weeks after baseline. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Compared to the waiting list, IRT and exposure were effective in ameliorating nightmare frequency and distress, subjective sleep quality, anxiety (after imagery rehearsal), and depression (after exposure; Δ&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; = 0.25–0.56). Compared to recording, IRT reduced nightmare frequency while exposure reduced nightmare distress (Δ&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; = 0.20–0.30; p &lt; 0.05). The recording condition was more effective compared to the waiting list in ameliorating nightmare frequency, nightmare distress, and subjective sleep quality (Δ&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; = 0.19–0.28; p &lt; 0.05). IRT had a more rapid reduction on the diary compared to exposure and recording. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; IRT and exposure appear equally effective in ameliorating nightmare complaints. Exposure to nightmare imagery may function as the crucial therapeutic factor; however, cognitive restructuring may be a useful addition to increase immediate effects.
“Commitment” distinguishes between rules and similarity: A developmental perspective
Authors: Gil Diesendruck
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

A qualitative difference between Rules and Similarity in categorization can be described in terms of “commitment”: Rules entail it, Similarity does not. Commitment derives from people's knowledge of a domain, and it is what justifies people's inferences, selective attention, and dismissal of irrelevant information. Studies show that when children have knowledge, they manifest these aspects of commitment, thus overcoming Similarity.
Standards for Monitoring During Anesthesia at Harvard-Reply
Authors: John H. Eichhorn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> As the title indicates, these standards apply only to the hospitals affiliated with Harvard Medical School. In addition to expressing our concern for patient safety in anesthesia, the article was written to describe the use of mandatory, detailed day-to-day standards of practice as part of a risk-management program. We restate that we are not attempting to set national standards. We do urge replication of the committee process to create standards for anesthesia (which may vary by place and practice patterns) and other specialties as well. We acknowledge Dr Peterson's 30 years of clinical practice. Major anesthesia mishaps are rare events, and we, therefore, looked at large-group statistics rather than individual experiences. The fact that one has never had a major automobile accident is no reason to reject the proved safety resulting from seat belt use. Catastrophic anesthesia accidents continue to occur; many are due to undetected esophageal intubations
Correction: Calcium in Dialysate
Authors: DONALD J. SHERRARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments and Corrections1 February 1974Correction: Calcium in DialysateDONALD J. SHERRARD, M.D.DONALD J. SHERRARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-2-284_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Donald Vidt recently reported on a peritoneal dialysis workshop (Ann Intern Med78:144-146, 1973). In that report he recommends a peritoneal dialysate calcium concentration of 3.5 mg/100 ml. Such a level would rapidly deplete patients of calcium and no doubt accelerate their bone disorder. I believe he meant to suggest a calcium concentration of 3.5 meq/ litre, which is 7.0 mg/100 ml.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DONALD J. SHERRARD, M.D.Affiliations: Veterans Administration Hospital Seattle, Washington PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1974Volume 80, Issue 2 Page: 284-284 Keywords Attention Bone Calcium Peritoneal dialysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Factors influencing the bronchodilator effect of a deep inspiration in asthmatic patients with provoked bronchoconstriction.
Authors: A Beaupre, J Orehek
Journal: Thorax (1982)

We have studied 26 asthmatic patients in whom deep inspiration induced a transient but marked bronchodilatation when carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction was present. Changes in bronchial tone were assessed by specific airway resistance measurements. Bronchodilatation after a slow inspiration (eight subjects) or a 10-second breath-hold at total lung capacity (13 subjects) was significantly less than that observed after either a fast inspiration or no breath-holding period. The magnitude of the bronchodilatation induced by a fast inspiration without breath-holding was directly and significantly related to the magnitude of the carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction in five subjects.
Outcome of elective prostatectomy.
Authors: D. E. Neal, P. D. Ramsden, L. Sharples, A. Smith, P. H. Powell, R. A. Styles, R. J. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the symptomatic and urodynamic outcome of elective prostatectomy and to establish whether the outcome is influenced or can be predicted by preoperative urodynamic measurements.Prospective non-randomised study with follow up at a mean of 11 months after operation. Most men were assessed jointly by a urologist and a general practitioner.Department of urology in a teaching hospital serving a large district population.253 Men listed for elective prostatectomy because of symptoms and low urinary flow rates (less than 15 ml/s) and excluding those already on a waiting list or with acute urinary retention, clinically apparent prostatic cancer, and neurological or cerebrovascular disease; 217 (86%) were followed up.Elective prostatectomy.Classification on the basis of relief of symptoms assessed by patients and urologist and general practitioner and of symptom scores obtained by questionnaire.Of the 217 men followed up, 171 (79%) had a satisfactory subjective review and 155 (72%) had a satisfactory review and also low symptom scores. An unsatisfactory outcome was associated with preoperative symptoms of urge incontinence, small prostatic size and resected weight, low voiding pressures, and low urethral resistance. Preoperative maximum urinary flow rates did not predict outcome. Men with poor outcome could be classified into two groups: those with irritative symptoms who were more likely before operation to have had urge incontinence and detrusor instability and men with symptoms of poor urinary flow who were more likely before operation to have had a small prostate, low voiding pressures, and low urethral resistance. In patients in the second group flow rates or voiding pressures improved little after operation. Men with stable detrusors and either low urethral resistance or low voiding pressures were less likely to do well after prostatectomy, but despite these associations preoperative urodynamic measurements were unable to predict outcome accurately.Prostatectomy was satisfactory in relieving symptoms and improving urodynamic measurements in most men, but even in those with classic symptoms and low urinary flow rates a substantial minority experienced little improvement afterwards and urodynamic measurements did not accurately predict outcome in individual patients.
Sustained antiviral response and lack of viral resistance with long term adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Elizabeth Heathcote, Lennox Jeffers, Robert Perrillo, Teresa Wright, Morris Sherman, Hamid Namini, Shelly Xiong, Craig James, Victoria Ho, John Fry, Carol Brosgart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Linkage of protection against amyloid fibril formation in the mouse to a single, autosomal dominant gene.
Authors: W A Gonnerman, R Elliott-Bryant, I Carreras, J D Sipe, E S Cathcart
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Inbred strains of mice provide a model for studies of the pathogenesis of amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis. All susceptible strains of mice described to date codominantly express two serum amyloid A (apoSAA) isoforms, apoSAA1 and apoSAA2, of which only apoSAA2 serves as a precursor for amyloid fibrils. In previous studies, we have shown that the CE/J strain, which produces a single, novel apoSAA isoform, apoSAACE/J, is amyloid resistant. In the present study amyloid-resistant CE/J females were mated with amyloid-susceptible CBA/J males to produce F1 hybrid offspring which were then backcrossed to the parental CBA/J mouse strain. Amyloid susceptibility was determined in 30 backcrossed mice 72 h after injection of murine amyloid enhancing factor and silver nitrate. ApoSAA isoforms in plasma were separated by isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis and visualized after immunoblotting with anti-AA antiserum. Amyloid A fibrils in spleen homogenates were denatured by formic acid and AA protein was quantified by ELISA using anti-mouse apoSAA antibodies. Values &amp;lt; 5 apoSAA equivalent units were considered negative. 13 mice expressed an apoSAA1 and apoSAA2 doublet characteristic of CBA/J mice, whereas 17 mice, expressed the apoSAACE/J isoform codominantly with apoSAA1 and apoSAA2. The correlation of amyloid resistance to expression of the apoSAACE/J isoform was absolute (17/17 were negative; mean score 2.6 +/- 0.17 [standard error of the mean] apoSAA equivalent units) and the correlation between amyloid susceptibility and the expression of apoSAA2/apoSAA1 was also striking (12/13 were amyloid positive; mean score 47.9 +/- 9.0 [standard error of the mean] apoSAA equivalent units (P &amp;lt; 0.001). This is not significantly different from the 50% segregation of apoSAA phenotypes expected for linkage to a single gene. These results indicate that a single gene governs apoSAACE/J expression and thus confers protection against amyloid deposition even in the presence of apoSAA1 and apoSAA2 isoforms and show for the first time that resistance to AA amyloidosis is a dominant trait governed by a single gene.
An Address on the Scientific and Social Value of the British Medical Association
Authors: R. C. Shettle
Journal: BMJ (1872)

as adorned with great majesty".In watching the progress of diseases, we have in the Aphorisms a proof of how vigilant he was, and how indefatigable; no less remarkable was he for the profundity and the singular correctness of his judgment.Not only does a perusal of the Aphorisms lead the reader to the conclusion of his having to deal with the most observant of physicians, but the conviction of their author having been a profound philosopher is also forced upon him.You all know, gentlemen, how apt we are to judge of the excellency of any work by the manner in which its opening occurs.I will venture to say that no medical work of any age begins in a more majestic manner than the book of Aphorisms.Take it in the original Greek, in Latin, or in our own language, the effect it produces on the mind is eminently grand."'O DfIos IBpaxvs, ¶ 6e'XJ'7axp7 , 6 Kaipbs o4is, ¶ rrenpa aoqpaxepr, X KO!1YLS XaAe~r.BeL ob /,OoV fwvrlw 7rapE'XFv Ta' 8OToa c7roLEOVTa acxA' Kcal TOV P'0UEoPTa, Kat TOVS 7rapeoPTas, Kac ca ia-oa."" Vita brevis, ars longa, tempus prteceps, experimentum periculosum, judicium difficile; opportet autem non solum se ipsum exhibere quae decent facientem, sed etiam zegrotum et proesentes et quxe externa sunt.""Life is short and the art long, the occasion fleeting, the experiment dangerous, and judgment difficult.The physician must not only be prepared to do what is right himself, but also to make the patient, the attendants, and externals co-operate."" The exordium of this work", says Dr. Adams, "bespeaks at once the reflective philosopher and the practical physician.It commences by contrasting the shortness of human life with the extent of the medi- cal art, the facts of which, as Theophilus the commentator remarks, are diversified, and some of them require long and tedious investigation.' The occasion is fleeting'-that is to say, the season during which re- medies may be successfully applied is soon past; as the poet says, ' Fugit irreparabile tempus.'The last part of the aphorism evinces how well he had apprehended the difficulties which beset the practi- tioner of medicine, who must be not only acquainted with the part which he himself has to act, but also possess the talent of making the patient, the assistants, and all around co-operate with him in the per.formance thereof."
Spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance confers appreciably high rates except in patients with relapse of hepatitis
Authors: Yong-Ning Xin, Shi-Ying Xuan
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We read with interest the study by C. M. Chu et al.1 Their results have overturned the traditional viewpoint that spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was a rare event in high endemic areas. We particularly appreciate their original contribution in elucidating the natural history of HBV infection. Our concerns regarding this study are listed below. In this study, the authors describe that "spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance occurred in 245 patients during 21,267 person-years of follow-up". There were 314 patients with relapse of hepatitis, and among these patients, 24 patients underwent subsequent HBsAg seroclearance 3 to 20 (mean ± standard deviation; 9.6 ± 4.6) years after the onset of hepatitis relapse. We want to know, after the onset of hepatitis relapse, why was no antiviral therapy carried out in these patients? As we know, antiviral therapy in patients with HBV has become more and more important in the past decade. If in fact antiviral therapy had been carried out in these patients, then they should not be referred to as having undergone "spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance". The previous epidemiological studies on age-specific prevalence of HBsAg in the general population of Taiwan have shown that the prevalence of HBsAg decreased by 70% at age 70, by 40% at age 60, and by 60% at age 402, 3 (22.7% to 6.9%, 17.1% to 9.7%, and 15.4% to 6%, respectively). In this study, the authors grouped patients through age at entry by <30 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, and ≥50 years. We want to know why the group ≥50 years was not divided further into 50–59 years, 60–69 years, and ≥70 years. We think those groupings would be comparable to those obtained in previous epidemiological studies. In this study, the authors describe that the natural history of chronic HBV infection consists of three phases: an initial immune-tolerant phase, followed by immune clearance phase, and finally the low replication phase. An up-to-date view of the natural history of HBV is that there is a fourth phase4: hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis. In this phase, chronic hepatitis may recur in up to one-third of inactive HBV carriers without reversion of HBeAg in their serum.5 Most patients progress to this phase after a variable length of time in the inactive HBV carrier state, whereas some progress to HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis directly from HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis. Yong-Ning Xin*, Shi-Ying Xuan* , * Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
HDAC INHIBITION BLUNTS ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY BY NORMALIZING CARDIOMYOCYTE AUTOPHAGY
Authors: Min Xie, Yongli Kong, Wei Tan, Herman May, Pavan Battiprolu, Zully Pedrozo, Zhao Wang, Nan Jiang, John Warner, Thomas G. Gillette, Aslan Turer, Joseph Hill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Henry Ronald Playfair
Authors: J. Playfair
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Plymouth (b Morphie, Kincardineshire, 1926; q London Hospital 1949; FRCGP), died from a ruptured aortic aneurysm on 7 December 2002.

After house jobs in Plymouth and Chichester he joined a practice in Plymouth, where he remained a partner until 1980. He was instrumental in the development of undergraduate and vocational training for general practice in the south west and the Plymouth area in particular. In 1980 he moved to take up a position at the Department of Health, where he worked until his retirement in 1991. He was a keen but not often successful follower of the horses and enjoyed fly fishing. He leaves a wife, Dorothy; two sons; and four grandchildren.