tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predicting the severity of everyday functional disability in people with schizophrenia: cognitive deficits, functional capacity, symptoms, and health status
Authors: PHILIP D. HARVEY, MARTIN STRASSING
Journal: World Psychiatry (2012)

Disability is pervasive in schizophrenia and is refractory to current medication treatments. Inability to function in everyday settings is responsible for the huge indirect costs of schizophrenia, which may be as much as three times larger than direct treatment costs for psychotic symptoms. Treatments for disability are therefore urgently needed. In order to effectively treat disability, its causes must be isolated and targeted; it seems likely that there are multiple causes with modest overlap. In this paper, we review the evidence regarding the prediction of everyday disability in schizophrenia. We suggest that cognition, deficits in functional capacity, certain clinical symptoms, and various environmental and societal factors are implicated. Further, we suggest that health status variables, recently recognized as pervasive in severe mental illness, may also contribute to disability in a manner independent from these other better-studied causes. We suggest that health status be considered in the overall prediction of real-world functioning and that interventions aimed at disability reduction targeting health status may be needed, in addition to cognitive enhancement, skills training, and public advocacy for better services.
Effect of Leucotomy in Initiating Normal Menstrual Cycle at Age 36
Authors: J. T. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Amenorrhoea is a feature common to all prolonged and debilitating illnesses, both physical and mental.However, it is customary to have a history of normal menstruation prior to the onset of the illness, and the amenorrhoea associated with the disease process is rarely absolute.It is unusual to find a patient who has never experienced a regular menstrual cycle developing a normal one in middle life after successful treatment of a prolonged nervous disorder.Such a case history is recorded below.Case ReportThe patient was first seen in December, 1950, when aged 34.She complained of having been afraid to eat since the age of 14.She had a tendency to be constipated, and thought that if she ate a normal amount of food it would only accumulate within her body.Her family brought her up for medical advice, since they were concerned about her lack of appetite and consequent loss of weight.There was no relevant family history of physical or mental disorder.
The Christmas present
Authors: A. Savage
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Aids to a bad presentationWhen it comes to aids, standards are rising for those who want to give bad presentations.Technology has produced breakthroughs.First rate bad presentations are usually multimedia: poorly filmed videos that are long and incomprehensible; tapes that are inaudible; music that is out of tune; props that initially can't be found and then break; and Powerpoint presentations that use every feature the software offers.Bad slides are the traditional standby of a bad presentation.There must be far too many.They must contain too much information and be too small for even those in the front row to read.Flash them up as fast as you can, ensuring that they are in the wrong order with some upside down.Be sure to say at some point, "I know that this slide breaks all the rules but . .."Ideally there should be little connection between what you are saying and what is on the slide.A good trick, especially with a politically correct audience, is to insert a slide of a naked woman and say something like, "My beautiful assistant is, I'm sure you will all agree, a little top heavy."
Holding back the tide of caesareans
Authors: G Breart
Journal: BMJ (1988)

relation of melanoma to ultraviolet exposure is complex, but several well conducted studies in- criminate intense episodes of burning rather than cumulative lifetime ultraviolet dose.2Once again, if habits of sun exposure remain constant a given period of time on a Mediterranean beach will in future result in a more intense and more erythemo- genic dose of ultraviolet radiation.Figures for average age at presentation of solar keratoses, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and melanomas also clearly point to the fact that melanoma is seen in younger patients than non- melanoma skin cancer and precursor lesions, and thus the ultraviolet effect seems to have a shorter latent period.A quick survey of the most recent cases of solar keratoses, squamous carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas reported in this department, looking at 20 sequential patients in each category, showed the average age at excision for solar keratosis to be 70 (11) years, for squamous carcinoma 76 (13), for basal cell carcinoma 73 (12 4), and for melanoma 43 (18).These figures illustrate our point.
Immune complexes in hemophilia
Authors: Thomas R. Poskitt, Paula K. F. Poskitt, Cheryl A. Bean, Yale S. Arkel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Circulating immune complexes (ICs), assayed by the L1210 enzyme‐linked immunoassay, were detected in 48% of patients with hemophilia A, 50% of patients with von Willebrand's disease, and in none of our patients with hemophilia B. Eighty‐five % of the hemophilia A and B patients had mild to moderate disease with only one patient demonstrating a circulating inhibitor. No correlation was found between IC levels and hepatitis B infection, SGOT, disease severity, total quantity of factor VIII or IX infused, time interval from last infusion, or rheumatoid factor positivity. Although the nature of the ICs is not known, the similarity of IC levels between hemophilia A and von‐Willebrand's disease is discussed with regard to antibodies generated to non‐procoagulant portions of the factor VIII molecule.
Medicine of the Fetus and Mother
Authors: Warren C. Plauché
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Maternal-fetal medicine is a maturing specialty—at least books describing the specialty are gaining weight and showing middle-age spread. Medicine of the Fetus and Mother is one weighty tome, eight and a half pounds and 1600 pages. The design, materials, and graphics are excellent. The editors wished to produce a state-of-the-art maternal-fetal medicine reference book. They have very nearly achieved their goal.  Many subjects in Medicine of the Fetus and Mother bear the Yale stamp, but viewpoints from multiple American centers and several Canadian and British authors give the book a commendable balance of opinions.  The designation of authorship of some chapters indicates contributions by fellows in subspecialty training rather than by their expert mentors. This practice has become perhaps too common in modern medical scientific writing. Certain other chapters reveal the distance of the author from the discipline of obstetrics. For example, in the five pages devoted to neurological disorders
The control of specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by the major histocompatibility complex (AG-B) in rats and identification of a new alloantigen system showing no AG-B restriction.
Authors: A Marshak, P C Doherty, D B Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The regulatory influence of the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Ag-B complex) on the specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was investigated. It was shown that the effector cells were specific for the original Ag-B phenotype in rat systems in which the responder and stimulator cell populations were unquestionably MHC identical but expressed different minor alloantigens of viral antigens. However, combined in vivo immunization and restimulation in culture of lymphocytes from rat strains previously thought to be MHC compatible resulted in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes which effectively lyse not only target cells from the specific stimulating strains but also, to varying degrees, target cells from third party strains regardless of their Ag-B haplotypes. Genetic analysis indicates that expression of these cytotoxic T-cell-defined ("CT") antigens, found on both T and B lymphocytes, detectable thus far only with cytotoxic lymphocytes, is controlled by a single locus which segregates in backcross populations with the rat MHC. Discrepancies between the nature of CT antigens of the rat Ag-B and I-region specificities of the mouse H-2 are discussed.
What's new in the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia? 2008 ASH Review (New York Medical College, January 31, 2009)
Authors: Kami J Maddocks, Thomas S Lin
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

The 2008 ASH Annual Meeting featured several important abstracts highlighting advances in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Abstract 43 [1] retrospectively compared results of a phase II study of pentostatin and rituximab (PR) to previously published results using pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (PCR) [2].The pentostatin dose was increased to 4 mg/m 2 in the PR regimen, but demographics of patients in both studies were similar [1].Overall response rate (OR) and complete response (CR) rates were similar for PR (79%, 30%) and PCR (91%, 41%), but median progression free survival (PFS) was significantly shorter for PR (12 months vs. 31 months) [1].These results supported previous findings that the addition of cyclophosphamide to fludarabine improves OR, CR and PFS [3][4][5].Abstract 325 presented results of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG) CLL8 study randomizing 817 previously untreated patients to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) or fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) [6].OR, CR and median PFS favored FCR (93%, 45%, 43 months) over FC (85%, 23%, 32 months), although 2-year overall survival (OS) was similar (91% vs. 88%).Abstract 326 demonstrated that median PFS depended upon the ability to eradicate minimal residual disease (MRD) in the peripheral blood, with PFS increasing from 15 months (MRD  10 -2 ) to 34 months (10 -4  MRD >10 -2 ) to not reached (MRD <10 -4 ) with increasing eradication of MRD [7].Furthermore, 67% of patients receiving FCR achieved MRD <10 -4 , compared to only 34% of FC patients, thus accounting for the improved PFS with FCR.Abstract 327 randomized 184 patients (80% previously untreated, 20% relapsed) to PCR or FCR, using the MSKCC PCR regimen (pentostatin dose 4 mg/m 2 ) and the Johns Hopkins FCR regimen (fludarabine 20 mg/m 2 days 1-5, cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m 2 day 1).The primary endpoint, incidence of grade 3-4 infections, was similar for PCR (34%) and FCR (31%).Only 50% of patients in both arms completed therapy, resulting in surprisingly low OR and CR rates for PCR (45%, 7%) and FCR (58%, 17%).The trial was stopped early, so there were no statistically significant differences between the two arms, and no PFS data was presented.Nonetheless, abstract 327 indicated that results from academic centers may not necessarily be reproducible in the community [8].Abstract 2095 updated results of a phase II study of cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, alemtuzumab and rituximab (CFAR) in 48 previously untreated patients with high-risk features [9].OR and CR were 94% and 69%, respectively, with OR 77% and CR 54% in 13 patients with del (17p13).Grade 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 71% and 42% of patients, respectively, and 6% and 27% of patients developed major and minor infections, respectively.from Current trends in leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma White Plains, NY, USA.
PMO-195 Is there optimum period of observation post daycase ERCP? 12 Month experience in a large non-tertiary centre
Authors: A Singhal, A Jayachandran, R Faizallah
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Daycase ERCP is practised in approximately 50% centres in UK. Even in these centres there is no uniform policy for post ERCP observation or duration of hospital stay. We established daycase ERCP service in January 2010 on the Wirral, catering to 360 000 population and hereby present our experience over a 12-month period. <h3>Methods</h3> Data from Unisoft, GI Endoscopy reporting tool, was analysed to identify all the daycase ERCPs performed from 1 January to 31 December 2010. All the patients who for any reason stayed overnight after ERCP or re-attended hospital within 7 days, were identified from day ward registry and patient administrative system. Medical notes of all these patients were reviewed. All patients were closely monitored post ERCP in medical day ward for 4 h and were then allowed to eat and drink if there were no concerns. All patients were seen by the ERCPist prior to discharge. <h3>Results</h3> Total of 395 ERCPs were performed by three endoscopists in this period of which 195 (48%) were as daycases. Difficulty level in all cases was Level 1–2 as per cotton <i>et al.</i> Indication of ERCP was pancreato biliary malignancy in 29 (15%), stone disease in 160 (82%) and previous bile leak 6 (3%) patients. All procedures in our unit are done with therapeutic intent. 137 (72%) patients underwent sphincterotomy and/or stent insertion. Previously placed stents were removed in the rest along with balloon trawl/stone extraction as needed. In all 32 (16.4%) patients were admitted overnight. Of these, 13 (6.6%) were elective admissions due to patient choice such as those who were elderly and lived alone. There were 7 (3.5%) complications including 3 mild cholangits, 1 moderate cholangitis, 1 mild and 1 severe pancreatitis and 1 death as per accepted guidelines by Cotton <i>et al.</i> One patient who died, chose to stay back electively but died 12 h later with pulmonary embolism. Rest 13 (6.6%) cases were advised to stay overnight because of suspected adverse event (commonest being post ERCP pain in 10 cases) but this was not substantiated on further investigations. Only one out of 195 patients (0.5%), presented within 7 days with procedure related complication, namely mild cholangitis. Overall there were 8 (4%) complications in 195 daycase ERCPs. Out of these 8, only 2 (25%) presented within 0–2 h, 4 (50%) in 2–6 h and rest 2 (25%) after 12 h of the procedure. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Daycase ERCP is a safe service. We propose that patients should be kept nil by mouth for 4 h post procedure and observed upto 6 h on the daycase unit. It is good practise for patients to be seen by the ERCPist prior to discharge. This would pick up majority of procedure related complications and enhances patient satisfaction. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Williams E</b>, <i>et al.</i> BSG audit of ERCP. <i>Gut</i> 2007;<b>56</b>:821–9.
Comparative nutrition of man and domestic animals. Vol. 1, Sect. 1: The nutrient requirements of the animal body.
Authors: Hilda S. White
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This is the first of two volumes whose primary purpose is "to present and correlate, in a quantitative fashion, the nutrient requirements of man and his domesticated animals and the factors that modify these quanta." The requirements of different species are compared and the similarities and dissimilarities pointed out. The present volume concentrates on a discussion of energy, protein, mineral, and water requirements of animals. Dietary needs for vitamins are to be presented in volume II. Considerable attention is given in this volume to a discussion of the functions of nutrients. Methods used for determination of nutrient requirements are evaluated. In separate chapters the author discusses requirements for maintenance, muscular work, growth and senescence, mammalian reproduction, lactation, and egg production. Requirements for different species are compared within each chapter. Information relative to individual nutrients is distributed in several chapters. While such an approach is unique, it does not make for
Age‐dependent differences in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic sensitization between an eastern and a western German city
Authors: J. Heinrich, D. Nowalk, G. Wassmer, R. Jörres, M. Wjst, J. Berger, H. Magnussen, H.‐E. Wichmann
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Recent studies have found a higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic sensitization among adults living in eastern than those living in western Germany. We hypothesize that prevalence rates were similar before Germany was divided and diverged after the division. Because there are no historical data comparing atopic status between the two parts of Germany, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the prevalence of atopy among persons who were born during different decades. As part of the EC Respiratory Health Survey, a respiratory health questionnaire was mailed to a population-based sample of 8363 subjects aged 20-44 years from a city in the former West Germany (Hamburg) and a city in the former East Germany (Erfurt). Of the target population, 6428 (77%) subjects responded. Subsamples of 731 subjects from Erfurt and 1159 subjects from Hamburg participated in medical examinations, including skin prick tests and specific IgE measurements. Prevalence rates of allergic sensitization were similar in Hamburg and Erfurt for those born in the periods 1946-51 and 1952-61, respectively, but differed between Hamburg and Erfurt subjects born in the period 1962-71. After adjustment for several potential predictors, the younger subjects from Hamburg had a higher odds ratio (OR) of sensitization than those Hamburg subjects born before 1952 (skin prick test reactivity: OR 2.06, any specific IgE > 0.35 kU/l: OR 1.61). The younger subjects from Erfurt were not more frequently sensitized than the older subjects (skin prick test reactivity: OR 1.05, any specific IgE > 0.35 kU/l: OR 0.79). No single allergen could be identified as responsible for the observed difference. We conclude that factors related to a "Western lifestyle", which were prevalent in the West German city during the 1960s and 1970s, may be responsible for the higher prevalence of allergic sensitization observed in Hamburg.
293. Sustained Expression of Kringle 1 Domain of Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGFK1) Effectively Inhibits Angiogenesis, Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zan Shen, Zhen Fan Yang, Yi Gao, Ching Chiu Liu, Samuel S. Ng, Sheung Tat Fan, Ming-liang He, Tsai-ping Li, Ren-bao Gan, Hsiang-fu Kung, Marie Chia-mi Lin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We have previously shown that recombinant protein of kringle 1 domain of human hepatocyte growth factor (HGFK1) exhibits anti- angiogenesis activity. Here we investigated the in vivo therapeutic effect of long term expression of HGFK1 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a recombinant adenoassociated virus carrying the HGFK1 gene (rAAV-HGFK1). We first showed that rAAV-HGFK1 infection significantly inhibited the proliferation, and the microvascular tube formation of mice microvascular endothelial cells (MEC), as well as the proliferation of the rat HCC McA-RH7777 cells but not in the non-tumor C9 cells. The in vivo efficacy of rAAV-HGFK1 was then studied in an established orthotopic Buffalo rat model of HCC. HCC was induced by injection of McA-RH7777 cells into the left lobe of the liver. Ten days after tumor cell inoculation, surgeries were performed to confirm the tumor formation, followed by injections of PBS, rAAV-EGFP (1.2×1012 v.p.) or rAAV-HGFK1 (1.2×1012 v.p.) directly into the tumor nodule (0.2×1012 v.p.), and by portal vein (1.0×1012 v.p.). We showed that rAAV-HGFK1 treatment significantly prolonged the median survival time of the HCC bearing rats from 30 days (PBS and rAAV-EGFP groups) to 49 days (rAAV-HGFK1 group). Importantly, rAAV-HGFK1 inhibited tumor growth and completely prevented liver, lung and peritoneal metastasis. No toxicity was observed when high dosage of rAAV-HGFK1 was administered in C57 mice. Furthermore, rAAV-HGFK1 appears to work by mechanisms differ from that reported for endostatin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that rAAV-HGFK1 is potentially a promising treatment for HCC and other cancers.
Effect of intravenous fluid administration on recovery after running a marathon.
Authors: A A Polak, B van Linge, F L Rutten, T Stijnen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

After the Rotterdam Marathon on 21 April 1991 (ambient temperature 5.8 degrees C, relative humidity 74%, wind velocity 5 m s-1) data from 66 athletes were analysed for information concerning total recovery and recovery from pain, stiffness, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance and fatigue. The pulse rate, body weight and temperature were measured. The athletes were divided at random into two groups. Thirty-four athletes received an intravenous infusion of 2.5 l of a 2.5% glucose/0.45% NaCl solution. Thirty-two athletes received a placebo infusion of 100 ml 0.9% NaCl. Recovery took 9.2 days in the placebo group and 10.2 days in the infusion group. All athletes had pain and/or stiffness after the marathon. The immediate replacement of 2.5 l of fluid had no significant influence on the rate of total recovery, the number of days with pain or stiffness, the appetite, sleep or fatigue. On the first day after the marathon the pulse rate was increased. The rectal temperature was not affected. The athletes were also divided into fast and slow runners without regard to fluid replacement. Fast runners (those running the race in less than 2 h 55 min) needed more time to recover than slower runners and pain and/or stiffness lasted longer in the fast group. Athletes who equalled or improved their best previous results also needed more time to recover than athletes who did not, although there were no significant differences in pain and stiffness. Athletes did not benefit from immediate fluid replacement after running the 1991 Rotterdam Marathon.
Comparison of catheter ablation of atrioventrscular junction using radiofrequency energy and direct current shock
Authors: David J. Schamp, Jonathan J. Langberg, Michael C. Chin, Michael A. Lee, David N. Pederson, Jeffery Goldberger, Michael D. Lesh, Jerry C. Griffin, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Recipients of Estrogen Plus Progestin Therapy: Does the Increased Risk Ever Disappear?
Authors: Sengwee Toh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Estrogen plus progestin therapy increases the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women. However, this increased risk might be limited to the first years of use and to women who start therapy late in menopause. Objective: To estimate the effect of continuous estrogen plus progestin therapy on CHD risk over time and stratified by years since menopause. Design: Women's Health Initiative randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00000611) Setting: 40 U.S. clinical centers. Patients: 16 608 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus at baseline from 1993 to 1998. Intervention: Conjugated equine estrogens, 0.625 mg/d, plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg/d, or placebo. Measurements: Adherence-adjusted hazard ratios and CHD-free survival curves estimated through inverse probability weighting. Results: Compared with no use of hormone therapy, the hazard ratio for continuous use of estrogen plus progestin therapy was 2.36 (95% CI, 1.55 to 3.62) for the first 2 years and 1.69 (CI, 0.98 to 2.89) for the first 8 years. For women within 10 years after menopause, the hazard ratios were 1.29 (CI, 0.52 to 3.18) for the first 2 years and 0.64 (CI, 0.21 to 1.99) for the first 8 years, and the CHD-free survival curves for continuous use and no use of estrogen plus progestin crossed at about 6 years (CI, 2 years to 10 years). Limitation: The analysis may not have fully adjusted for joint determinants of adherence and CHD risk. Sample sizes for some subgroup analyses were small. Conclusion: No suggestion of a decreased risk for CHD was found within the first 2 years of estrogen plus progestin use, including in women who initiated therapy within 10 years after menopause. A possible cardioprotective effect in these women who initiated therapy closer to menopause became apparent only after 6 years of use. Primary Funding Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.