tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute iododerma secondary to iodinated contrast media
Authors: A.L. Young, M.E. Grossman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none. Dear Editor, A 60‐year‐old man presented to a hospital emergency room complaining of 3 days of intense abdominal pain. He had no significant past medical history. A computed tomography scan with contrast revealed a 9·2 × 14 cm juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Emergency surgery was recommended to the patient. However, he declined surgery in order to seek a second opinion at another hospital. Within a 24‐h period, the second hospital also performed an abdominal computed tomography scan with contrast and confirmed the diagnosis. They transferred the patient to our tertiary care centre for emergency surgical repair of the aneurysm. Upon arrival, the patient underwent endovascular AAA repair with left renal artery stent placement. The dermatology consultation service was called on post‐operative day 3 for a 1‐day history of an asymptomatic bullous eruption on the patient's face, chest and upper extremities (Fig. 1). He remained afebrile. Superficial cultures of the bullae and two sets of tissue cultures were negative. Both direct and indirect immunofluorescence were negative. Several skin biopsies were performed that revealed dermal oedema and a dense mononuclear cell infiltrate. Numerous stains for microorganisms were negative. Myeloperoxidase and CD15 immunostains were positive, confirming a myeloid infiltrate (Fig. 2).
The Universities and the Federal Government
Authors: Philip Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE RELATIONSHIPS of the federal government with American universities since World War II have been dramatic in growth and are gargantuan in size and revolutionary in effect. There is not an institution of higher learning in the United States, however small or apparently insulated against government influences, that is not affected, and in some respects markedly. Every department of the federal government is involved. These relationships have grown so rapidly and are so extensive and complex that few people can really comprehend them, even in the institutions most directly affected. The subject has become so important that there are several excellent books on it and there are 2 major studies under way, 1 by the Carnegie Corporation directed by Dr. Reuben H. Gross and 1 by Dr. Kenneth Little. Two universities, Harvard and Princeton, have published studies of their own relationships; they are impressive books. First, let us examine the
Die Supervolttherapie; Grundlagen, Methoden und Ergebnisse der Therapie mit energiereichen Teilchen und ultraharten Strahlen
Authors: Gordon Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This latest contribution to the field of radiation therapy is a textbook with emphasis on the use of supervoltage irradiation. Included are sections on radiation physics, supervoltage equipment, dosimetry, radiobiology and its clinical application, techniques, indications and results, and a final section on radiation protection. The material is presented in a comprehensive, but concise, fashion with documentation and appropriate references. Some degree of dogmatism in the section on indications and results is not undesirable in a volume of this nature. An extensive bibliography with author cross-reference and adequate index completes the picture. This superior text fills a need which has existed since the wide availability and adoption of supervoltage equipment and techniques revolutionized the field of clinical radiation therapy.
Efficient retrovirus-mediated transfer of the multidrug resistance 1 gene into autologous human long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Rafat Abonour, David A. Williams, Lawrence Einhorn, Kristin M. Hall, Jun Chen, John Coffman, Christie M. Traycoff, Arthur Bank, Ikunoshin Kato, Maureen Ward, Stephen D. Williams, Robert Hromas, Michael J. Robertson, Franklin O. Smith, David Woo, Bonnie Mills, Edward F. Srour, Kenneth Cornetta
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)
AIR RAID MEDICAL ADMINISTRATION IN ENGLAND
Authors: HUNTINGTON WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Air raid medical administration in England is merely one part of the general ARP services, Air Raid Precautions services, under the Ministry of Home Security or the Home Office; but the medical services are split between two ministries, the other half being the Emergency Medical Services which are under the Ministry of Health at Whitehall, just next door to the Home Office.  The three major subdivisions of blitz medical administration are the first aid services, the ambulance services and the hospital services. I would have you picture these as integrated most closely in the field or at the site of what the British call the incident. This is a carefully selected word because of its minimum of panic producing power. At the site of a bombing the medical services are closely tied with all the other civil defense services: those of the air raid wardens, fire and police workers and
Spatial Changes in the Transmembrane Potential During Extracellular Electric Stimulation
Authors: Xiaohong Zhou, Stephen B. Knisley, William M. Smith, Dennis Rollins, Andrew E. Pollard, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial changes in the transmembrane potential caused by extracellular electric field stimulation. The transmembrane potential was recorded in 10 guinea pig papillary muscles in a tissue bath using a double-barrel microelectrode. After 20 S1 stimuli, a 10-ms square wave S2 shock field with a 30-ms S1–S2 coupling interval was given via patch shock electrodes 1 cm on either side of the tissue during the action potential plateau. Two shock strengths (2.1±0.2 and 6.5±0.6 V/cm) were tested with both shock polarities. The recording site was moved across the tissue along fibers with either 200 μm (macroscopic group [n=5], 12 consecutive recording sites over a 2.2-mm tissue length in each muscle) or 20 μm (microscopic group [n=5], 21 consecutive recording sites over a 0.4-mm tissue length in each muscle) between adjacent recording sites. In the macroscopic group, the portion of the tissue toward the anode was hyperpolarized, whereas the portion toward the cathode was depolarized, with 1 zero-potential crossing from hyperpolarization to depolarization present near the center of the tissue. In the microscopic group, only 1 zero-potential crossing was observed in the center region of the tissue, whereas, away from the center, only hyperpolarization was observed toward the anode and depolarization toward the cathode. Although these results are consistent with predictions from field stimulation of continuous representations of myocardial structure, ie, the bidomain and cable equation models, they are not consistent with the prediction of depolarization-hyperpolarization oscillation from representations based on cellular-level resistive discontinuities associated with gap junctions, ie, the sawtooth model.
Deep Venous Thrombosis in the Deep Posterior Compartment of the Lower Limb
Authors: Michael Ryan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 54-year-old female presented for PET CT restaging assessment of lymphoma. The patient had been in disease remission with a history of lymphoma dating back to 1995. She currently presented with recent onset of left axillary, right groin, and right knee masses. The study demonstrated these lesions to be avid lymphoma nodal masses. Right lower limb deep compartmental deep venous thrombosis was also noted, secondary to obstructive venous drainage by the right knee popliteal nodal mass. The deep compartment is distinguished from the superficial compartment because it contains the muscles and their tendons (tibialis posterior; flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus), which cross the ankle medially, to insert into bony foot structures. The superficial compartment muscles (gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus) have tendineus insertions into the posterior aspect of the calcaneus.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONS OF A RADICAL OPERATION FOR CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX UTERI
Authors: EMIL RIES
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The cause of carcinoma is at present unknown. Our knowledge of carcinoma in the human being is built up on clinical and pathologic observations. These have led to certain conclusions as to the growth of carcinoma, which may be summed up approximately as follows: Carcinoma in its beginning is a purely local disease of a circumscribed group of epithelial cells. The tumor invades the host in two ways: first, by contiguity, and second, by the establishment of colonies or metastases, which are endowed with the same activities as the primary tumor. The contiguous growth invades lymph-channels early and regularly, the blood circulation rather incidentally, irregularly and, we may say, less frequently. The primary tumor is subject to changes in two ways: first, degeneration, and second, infection. The metastases established especially along the lymphatic system are subject to the same changes, necrosis taking place in them and infection reaching them through
Basic fibroblast growth factor regulates proliferation and motility of human hepatoma cells by an autocrine mechanism
Authors: Motoaki Kin, Michio Sata, Takato Ueno, Takuji Torimura, Sadataka Inuzuka, Riko Tsuji, Kodo Sujaku, Masaharu Sakamoto, Hiroshi Sugawara, Seisyu Tamaki, Kyuichi Tanikawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Kidney cancer and hydrocarbon exposures among petroleum refinery workers.
Authors: C Poole, N A Dreyer, M H Satterfield, L Levin, K J Rothman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

To evaluate the hypothesis of increased kidney cancer risk after exposure to hydrocarbons, especially those present in gasoline, we conducted a case-control study in a cohort of approximately 100,000 male refinery workers from five petroleum companies. A review of 18,323 death certificates identified 102 kidney cancer cases, to each of whom four controls were matched by refinery location and decade of birth. Work histories, containing an average of 15.7 job assignments per subject, were found for 98% of the cases and 94% of the controls. To each job, industrial hygienists assigned semiquantitative ratings for the intensity and frequency of exposures to three hydrocarbon categories: nonaromatic liquid gasoline distillates, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the more volatile hydrocarbons. Ratings of "present" or "absent" were assigned for seven additional exposures: higher boiling hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, asbestos, chlorinated solvents, ionizing radiation, and lead. Each exposure had either no association or a weak association with kidney cancer. For the hydrocarbon category of principal a priori interest, the nonaromatic liquid gasoline distillates, the estimated relative risk (RR) for any exposure above refinery background was 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-1.9). Analyses of cumulative exposures and of exposures in varying time periods before kidney cancer occurrence also produced null or near-null results. In an analysis of the longest job held by each subject (average duration 9.2 years or 40% of the refinery work history), three groups appeared to be at increased risk: laborers (RR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.9); workers in receipt, storage, and movements (RR = 2.5, 95% CI 0.9-6.6); and unit cleaners (RR = 2.3, 95% CI 0.5-9.9).
President's address. Should we learn to say no?
Authors: J. F. Boyle
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In his inaugural presidential address to the 1984 annual meeting of the American Medical Association, Boyle exhorts physicians to rededicate themselves to their traditional ethic of providing high quality care, rather than succumb to a business-oriented ethic of rationing medical care for purposes of cost control. He also urges physicians and their professional organizations to take a more active role in monitoring the conduct and competence of their colleagues, and recommends that medical schools include a mandatory ethics course in the curriculum.
CD10 delineates a subset of human IL-4 producing follicular helper T cells involved in the survival of follicular lymphoma B cells
Authors: Patricia Amé-Thomas, Sylvia Hoeller, Catherine Artchounin, Jan Misiak, Mounia Sabrina Braza, Rachel Jean, Jérôme Le Priol, Céline Monvoisin, Nadine Martin, Philippe Gaulard, Karin Tarte
Journal: Blood (2015)
Role of Rel-related factors in control of <i>c-myc</i> gene transcription in receptor-mediated apoptosis of the murine B cell WEHI 231 line.
Authors: H Lee, M Arsura, M Wu, M Duyao, A J Buckler, G E Sonenshein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Treatment of immature murine B lymphocytes with an antiserum against their surface immunoglobulin (sIg)M results in cell death via apoptosis. The WEHI 231 B cell line (IgM, kappa) has been used extensively as a model for this anti-Ig receptor-mediated apoptosis. Anti-sIg treatment of WEHI 231 cells causes an early, transient increase in the levels of c-myc messenger RNA and gene transcription, followed by a rapid decline below control values. Given the evidence for a role of the c-myc gene in promoting apoptosis, we have characterized the nature and kinetics of changes in the binding of Rel-related factors, which modulate c-myc promoter activity. In exponentially growing WEHI 231 cells, multiple Rel-related binding activities were detectable. The major binding species was identified as p50/c-Rel heterodimers; only minor amounts of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) (p50/p65) were detectable. Cotransfection of an inhibitor of NF-kappa B (I kappa B)-alpha expression vector reduced c-myc-promoter/upstream/exon1-CAT reporter construct activity, indicating the role of Rel factor binding in c-myc basal expression in these cells. Treatment with anti-sIg resulted in a rapid transient increase in the rate of c-myc gene transcription and in the binding of Rel factors. At later times, formation of p50 homodimer complexes occurred. In cotransfection analysis, p65 and c-Rel expression potently and modestly transactivated the c-myc promoter, respectively, whereas, overexpression of the p50 subunit caused a significant drop in its activity. The role of activation of Rel-family binding was demonstrated directly upon addition of the antioxidant pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, which inhibited the anti-sIg-mediated activation of the endogenous c-myc gene. Similarly, induction after anti-sIg treatment of a transfected c-myc promoter was abrogated upon cotransfection of an I kappa B-alpha expression vector. These results implicate the Rel-family in Ig receptor-mediated signals controlling the activation of c-myc gene transcription in WEHI 231 cells, and suggest a role for this family in apoptosis of this line, which is mediated through a c-myc signaling pathway.
Relation of Family Factor to Treatment Outcome for Bulimic Patients
Authors: Penelope Garrison Krener, Stephen I. Abramowitz, Patricia B. Walker
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

The psychotherapy of 25 normal weight bulimic adolescent and late adolescent women (age 15-32 years, mean = 21 years), was reviewed to evaluate developmental and diagnostic precursors and the outcome of psychoanalytically oriented long-term therapy (mean = 33 sessions). Psychotherapy outcome was scored in these categories: bingeing and purging; food obsession; school/work satisfaction; equilibration with family of origin, and achievement of heterosexual closeness. On factor analysis, all factors loaded highly and a global outcome score was derived which was used as the dependent variable in a step-wise regression analysis with 18 family factors as independent variables. To identify family patterns that predicted degree of improvement, a multiple regression analysis was performed. Results indicated that family variables associated with maternal warmth explained an appreciable proportion of the variance in outcome. Such a finding is consistent with the formulation that patients with benign archaic maternal representations were better able than their counterparts with less benign maternal images to form a positive transference and better working alliance with the (female) therapist.
Distribution of coronary collateral flow in acute myocardial ischaemic injury: effect of propranolol
Authors: R. A. KLONER, K. A. REIMER, R. B. JENNINGS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

The local distribution of coronary collateral flow was mapped using 8 mu tracer microspheres following circumflex coronary occlusions in dogs. Overall flow to the ischaemic posterior papillary muscle and subjacent myocardium decreased to 21% of anterior free wall flow. Collateral flow was non-uniform, however, and was lower in the subendocardium (14%) than in the subepicardium (27%). Brief temporary occlusions with and without propranolol therapy showed that collateral flow was less and the inner/outer wall ratio was unaltered in treated animals. Although propranolol reduces infarct size after coronary occlusions, this effect appears not to be related to increases in collateral flow.
Child Mortality Estimation: Consistency of Under-Five Mortality Rate Estimates Using Full Birth Histories and Summary Birth Histories
Authors: Romesh Silva
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Romesh Silva assesses and analyzes differences in direct and indirect methods of estimating under-five mortality rates using data collected from full and summary birth histories in Demographic and Health Surveys from West Africa, East Africa, Latin America, and South/Southeast Asia.
US Senate criticises home health companies for "gaming" Medicare
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The United States’ three largest home health companies skewed the care they delivered to patients to maximise their revenue, the Senate Finance Committee, which oversees the Medicare programme, has claimed. 

The companies named are Amedisys Inc, LHC Group Inc, and Gentiva Health Services Inc, which derive most of their revenues from Medicare.

The committee, chaired by Senator Max Baucus, reported its findings on 3 October, in response to an article in the Wall Street Journal on 27 April 2010. The article quoted Professor Henry Dove of the Yale School of Public Health, who …
An Analysis of Three Hundred and Twenty-six Cases of Asiatic Cholera
Authors: H. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1911)

Again, the same point is illustrated by the graphs of two rats of the same weight-namely, 113 grams-both inoculated with T. gambiense.Rat 1 (animal house), had an average number of 54,171 trypanosomes per c.mm. of blood per day during the first ten days of infection.Rat 2 (cold chamber), had an average number of 14,728 trypanosomes per c.mm. per day during the first ten days of infection.
Interaction of hyperventilation and arousal in the pathogenesis of idiopathic central sleep apnea.
Authors: A Xie, B Wong, E A Phillipson, A S Slutsky, T D Bradley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Central apneas during sleep may arise as a result of reduction in PaCO2 below the apnea threshold. We therefore hypothesized that hyperventilation and arousals from sleep interact to cause hypocapnia and subsequent central apneas in patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea (ICSA). Accordingly, the relationships among preapneic ventilation, arousal from sleep, and the onset and duration of subsequent central apneas were examined during Stage 2 non-REM sleep in eight patients with ICSA (mean +/- SEM, 45.4 +/- 4.7 central apneas and hypopneas/h of sleep). During Stage 2 sleep, all episodes of periodic breathing with central apneas were triggered by hyperventilation. Minute ventilation (VI) was greater (6.3 +/- 0.7 versus 5.4 +/- 0.8 L/min, p < 0.05) and mean transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) was lower (37.8 +/- 1.3 versus 38.9 +/- 1.6 mm Hg, p < 0.05) during periodic breathing than during stable breathing. VI during the ventilatory phase of the periodic breathing cycle increased progressively with increasing grades of associated arousals from Grade 0 (no arousal) (10.3 +/- 1.4 L/min) to Grade 1 (EEG arousal) (12.6 +/- 1.6 L/min) to Grade 2 (movement arousal) (14.1 +/- 1.6 L/min, p < 0.01). There was a corresponding progressive increase in central apnea length following the ventilatory period from no arousal (14.1 +/- 2.0) to EEG arousal (16.4 +/- 1.8) to movement arousal (18.1 +/- 2.0 s, p < 0.01). We conclude that arousals and hyperventilation interact to trigger hypocapnia and central apneas in ICSA.
Doctors need better training to recognise and report torture
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors need better training on exactly what constitutes torture and support to blow the whistle when they witness it, says a report from Medact, the UK based health charity, which found that the medical profession is participating in torture.

The report, which considers incidents of medical complicity in torture in five different countries (UK, US, Italy, Sri Lanka, and Israel) shows widespread ignorance and flouting of international conventions and offers recommendations for action that national and international bodies should take.

“I hope that people will begin to discuss the whole issue, the issue in the round because too often it’s just ‘oh, he needs to be struck off.’ The climate of impunity that may have been created, lack of support that may be given, really need to be discussed,” said Marion Birch, director of Medact.

The report coincided with the report in the UK of the inquiry into the death …
Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Scott R. Waterman, Moshe Hacham, Guowu Hu, Xudong Zhu, Yoon-Dong Park, Soowan Shin, John Panepinto, Tibor Valyi-Nagy, Craig Beam, Shahid Husain, Nina Singh, Peter R. Williamson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The study of regulatory networks in human pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans provides insights into host-pathogen interactions that may allow for correlation of gene expression patterns with clinical outcomes. In the present study, deletion of the cryptococcal copper-dependent transcription factor 1 (Cuf1) led to defects in growth and virulence factor expression in low copper conditions. In mouse models, cuf1Delta strains exhibited reduced dissemination to the brain, but no change in lung growth, suggesting copper is limiting in neurologic infections. To examine this further, a biologic probe of available copper was constructed using the cryptococcal CUF1-dependent copper transporter, CTR4. Fungal cells demonstrated high CTR4 expression levels after phagocytosis by macrophage-like J774.16 cells and during infection of mouse brains, but not lungs, consistent with limited copper availability during neurologic infection. This was extended to human brain infections by demonstrating CTR4 expression during C. neoformans infection of an AIDS patient. Moreover, high CTR4 expression by cryptococcal strains from 24 solid organ transplant patients was associated with dissemination to the CNS. Our results suggest that copper acquisition plays a central role in fungal pathogenesis during neurologic infection and that measurement of stable traits such as CTR4 expression may be useful for risk stratification of individuals with cryptococcosis.
A Supravital Cytodiagnostic Stain for Urinary Sediments
Authors: Richard Sternheimer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A mixture of aqueous solutions of National fast blue, a copper-phthalocyanine dye, and pyronin B, a red xanthene dye, when added to fresh urinary sediment, supravitally stains benign or malignant cells and the various types of casts and their inclusions. The stain facilitates identification of the formed elements and particularly aids in the differentiation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, and renal tubular cells. A variable staining of casts and their inclusions has been observed. Tumor cells may be recognized by nuclear abnormalities or, in case of hyperchromatic tendency, by a very rapid and early uptake of dye preceding that of the surrounding cells. The staining method is rapid and simple enough for routine urinalysis and screening procedures.