tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Captopril on Glucose Concentration: Possible Role of Augmented Postprandial Forearm Blood Flow
Authors: Junichi Kodama, Shigehiro Katayama, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Akira Itabashi, Shyoji Kawazu, Jun Ishii
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of captopril on plasma glucose concentration. The daily profiles of the plasma glucose levels were determined in 12 non-insulin-dependent diabetic normotensive subjects, treated with or without captopril at a dose of 25 mg 3 times/day. Forearm blood flow was also measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Administration of captopril improved the daily profile of the plasma glucose level. Postprandial forearm blood flow was also augmented 2 h after a meal. These results suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may improve glucose metabolism in diabetic subjects, possibly through enhancement of blood flow to skeletal muscle.
Antepartum evaluation of the high-risk fetus: problems and prospects.
Authors: S Fabro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The chief obstetrical problems encountered today in the prenatal evaluation of the high-risk fetus are presented. Advantages and pitfalls or recent techniques utilized in the management of the high-risk pregnancy are discussed. They include: a prenatal scoring system for identifying the high-risk population; examination of the karyotype of cells in amniotic fluid, and quantitation of alpha-fetoprotein levels in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid for the early prenatal detection of birth defects; ultrasonography for the intrauterine diagnosis of fetal growth retardation and assessment of fetal maturity; the use of maternal urinary estriol excretion, maternal plasma human placental lactogen levels and the oxytocin stress test for the early detection of fetal distress; estimation of fetal maturity by amniotic fluid analysis of lecithin or lecithin-sphingomyelin ratios, creatinine and Blue Nile fetal cell staining. Newer, still experimental, techniques (e.g., fatal breathing movements, fetoscopy, and dehydroepiandrosterone plasma clearance) are viewed in light of further possible decreases in maternal and perinatal mortality.
Insights from Ifaluk: Food sharing among cooperative fishers
Authors: Richard Sosis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The fish-sharing patterns on Ifaluk Atoll underscore several limitations of the explanations of food sharing offered by Gurven and suggest that non-foraging labor activities may provide insights into reciprocity and punishment relevant for understanding food-sharing patterns. I also argue that future food-sharing studies should focus on signaling rather than resource holding potential (RHP).
III. Medical Sects and Their Influence
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A sect comes into existence through two distinct yet related steps. First, some one person, not satisfied with traditional beliefs or actions, propounds new beliefs or ways of doing things. Second, through force of personality, together with favorable environmental conditions, he persuades other persons to follow him, to accept his beliefs and procedures. A sect is thus a splinter group, leaving tradition and following some definite leader on a new course. In medicine, sects have been numerous indeed, but in the first half of the 19th century the two most important were those founded by Samuel Thomson and Samuel Hahnemann. Samuel Thomson (1769-1843), born in a frontier region of New Hampshire, grew up on a farm in severe poverty. He had only the most minimal education, yet he did have a long-time interest in plants and their medicinal properties, an interest that eventually determined his life work. In sparsely settled
Solitary Bronchial Squamous Papilloma Presenting as a Plaque-like Lesion in a Subject with Asthma
Authors: So Ri Kim, Jin Kyeong Park, Seoung Ju Park, Kyung Hoon Min, Min Hee Lee, Hyo Jin Han, Chi Ryang Chung, Kyoung Hwa Choi, Myung Ja Chung, Yong Chul Lee
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)
Landmark article May 27, 1950: Tobacco Smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchiogenic carcinoma. A study of six hundred and eighty-four proved cases. By Ernest L. Wynder and Evarts A. Graham
Authors: E. L. Wynder
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>General Increase.—</h3> There is rather general agreement that the incidence of bronchiogenic carcinoma has greatly increased in the last half-century. Statistical studies at the Charity Hospital of New Orleans (Ochsner and DeBakey),<sup>1</sup>the St. Louis City Hospital (Wheeler)<sup>2</sup>and the Veterans Administration Hospital of Hines, Ill. (Avery)<sup>3</sup>have revealed that at these hospitals cancer of the lung is now the most frequent visceral cancer in men. Autopsy statistics throughout the world show a great increase in the incidence of bronchiogenic carcinoma in relation to cancer in general. Kenneway and Kenneway,<sup>4</sup>in a careful statistical study of death certificates in England and Wales from 1928 to 1945, have presented undoubted evidence of a great increase in deaths from cancer of the lung. In this country statistics compiled by the American Cancer Society show a similar trend during the past two decades.<sup>5</sup> <h3>Tobacco as a Possible Cause</h3>
Pilot comparison of adhesion formation following colonic perforation and repair in a pig model using a transgastric, laparoscopic, or open surgical technique
Authors: B. Pham, K. Morgan, J. Romagnuolo, J. Glenn, S. Bazaz, C. Lawrence, R. Hawes
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de B. V. Pham et al., pp. 664Endoscopy 2008; 40(08): 797-797DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306862
Doxycycline-Mediated Suppression of Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae (Cpn) Induced IL-4 and IgE Responses by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) of Allergic Asthmatic Patients, with Simultaneous Increase in IFN-γ
Authors: M DZHINDZHIKHASHVILI, R JOKS, H DURKIN, M NOWAKOWSKI, T SMITHNOROWITZ, M HAMMERSCHLAG, S KOHLHOFF
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
African American Bioethics: Culture, Race, and Identity
Authors: Lynn C. Smitherman
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tumor necrosis factor-α enhances hypoxia–reoxygenation-mediated apoptosis in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells: critical role of protein kinase C
Authors: D Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Background: Ischemia and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) released during ischemia both cause apoptosis and necrosis of myocardial tissues. Since endothelium may be critically important in determination of cardiac function, we examined the interaction between TNFα and hypoxia–reoxygenation with regard to induction of apoptosis and underlying signaling pathway in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Methods and results: HCAECs were cultured and exposed to hypoxia alone, hypoxia–reoxygenation, TNFα alone, TNFα plus hypoxia–reoxygenation, or TNFα only during the period of reoxygenation. Apoptosis was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, DNA nick-end labeling and DNA laddering. Hypoxia alone caused modest time-dependent apoptosis of cultured HCAECs, and reoxygenation increased the number of apoptotic cells (P<0.01 vs. hypoxia alone). TNFα induced concentration-dependent apoptosis, and enhanced reoxygenation-mediated apoptosis in cultured HCAECs (P<0.01 vs. hypoxia–reoxygenation alone). As expected, monoclonal antibody to TNFα significantly blocked the pro-apoptotic effect of TNFα-induced apoptosis (P<0.01). TNFα-induced apoptosis was found to be associated with marked activation of protein kinase C (PKC), and pretreatment of cells with a specific PKC inhibitor markedly reduced TNFα-mediated PKC activity and apoptosis. Conclusion: These observations indicate that hypoxia alone causes modest apoptosis, reoxygenation increases apoptosis beyond that caused by hypoxia in cultured HCAECs. TNFα alone causes apoptosis, and further enhances apoptosis caused by hypoxia–reoxygenation. The activation of PKC plays a critical role in TNFα-induced apoptosis of cultured HCAECs.
Conversion of Supraventricular Tachycardias with Atrial Stimulation
Authors: NOEL C. HUNT, F. R. COBB, MENASHE B. WAXMAN, HOWARD J. ZEFT, ROBERT H. PETER, JAMES J. MORRIS
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Atrial stimulation at rates less than the atrial rate was effective in terminating junctional tachycardia and atrial flutter in two patients. Analysis of the stimulus response in the patient with junctional tachycardia defined an atrial excitable and refractory period and a critical interval, the first 12 milliseconds of the excitable period, during which atrial stimulation terminated the tachycardia. The termination of atrial flutter appeared to occur simultaneously with capture of the atrial rate by the slower atrial stimulus. Atrial fibrillation did not occur. These observations suggest that a variety of tachycardias are supported by re-entry mechanisms and that the response to atrial stimulation may be useful in recognizing and treating such arrhythmias.
Doctor's Diary and Memoirs: Pond's Party, F Force, Thai-Burma Railway
Authors: I. W B Grant
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Roy Mills Published by R M Mills, 11 Freyberg Street, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia, pounds sterling26 hard cover, pounds sterling16 soft cover (including postage), pp 248 ISBN 0 646 19473 9

At the age of 26, with only a few months of postgraduate medical training behind him, Roy Mills found himself the sole medical officer in charge of 700 Australian prisoners of war forced by the Japanese to work on the construction of the central section of the Thai-Burma railway. With the help of a dedicated team …
Endocrinology (The Hormones)
Authors: Charles Dodds, Oliver Garrod, Sylvia A. Simpson
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1956)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy for liver malignancy.
Authors: S. T. Malik, P. F. Wrigley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Purpose</h3> To report on the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on eating habits and sedentary behavior among adolescents with multiple chronic conditions (n=347) from a tertiary, referral hospital <i>vs</i>. healthy peers. <h3>Methods</h3> This observational study was conducted in Sao Paulo (Brazil) between July and October 2020, period in which a set of social distancing measures to contain the pandemic. <h3>Results</h3> The main findings of this study were that adolescents with chronic conditions showed important changes in eating habits (e.g., less often consumption of convenience foods and more often eating in front of television than before quarantine). Also, 86.8% of adolescents with chronic conditions reported increasing screen time during pandemic. No major differences were observed between patients and controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Adolescents with chronic conditions exposed to pandemic showed substantial changes in lifestyle, stressing the need for specific care to mitigate poor eating habits and excessive sedentary behavior in this group.
Management of acute coronary occlusion during coronary angioplasty.
Authors: R T Johnston, C Reek, T J Spyt
Journal: BMJ (1990)

phenomenon.' Thev refer, however, to onlyr one study, and although this studv showed an improvement in finger cutaneous blood flow, it showed no change in either the number or the severity of Raynaud's attacks.Subjective benefit has been claimed in other studies of captopril both in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon and in those with secondary disease, but these studies were either uncontrolled or confined to case reports.By contrast, the double blind placebo controlled studv of Madsen and Hvidt did not support these claims."Furthermore, our results of a double blind placebo controlled study of enalapril showed no evidence ofeither objective or subjective improvement during treatment for one month.rWe believe that at present there is insufficient evidence to support the use of angiotensin con- verting enzyme inhibitors in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.Nevertheless, further controlled studies are required to determine whether there is a dose dependent response to these inhibitors and to resolve the disparity between the subjective and objective effects seen in some studies.
Behavioral Interventions for Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Philip E. Veenhuis
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association between angiotensin II receptor gene polymorphism and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (SACE) activity in patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: Y. Takemoto, M. Sakatani, S. Takami, T. Tachibana, J. Higaki, T. Ogihara, T. Miki, T. Katsuya, T. Tsuchiyama, A. Yoshida, H. Yu, Y. Tanio, E. Ueda
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (SACE) is considered to reflect disease activity in sarcoidosis. SACE activity is increased in many patients with active sarcoid lesions. The mechanism for the increased SACE activity in this disease has not been clarified. ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism has been reported to have an association with SACE levels in sarcoidosis, but no evidence of an association between angiotensin II receptor gene polymorphism and SACE in this disease has been found. A study of the association of angiotensin II receptor gene polymorphisms with sarcoidosis was therefore undertaken. <h3>METHODS</h3> ACE (I/D), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1), and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AGTR2 ) gene polymorphisms were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and SACE levels were measured in three groups of patients: those with sarcoidosis or tuberculosis and normal controls. <h3>RESULTS</h3> There was no difference in allele frequency of AGTR1 and AGTR2 polymorphism among the three groups. Neither AGTR1 nor AGTR2 polymorphisms were associated with sarcoidosis. SACE activity was higher in patients with sarcoidosis with the AGTR1 A/C genotype than in others. However, this tendency was not detected in patients with tuberculosis. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The AGTR1 allele C is associated with high activity of SACE in patients with sarcoidosis. It is another predisposing factor for high levels of SACE in patients with sarcoidosis and is considered to be an independent factor from the ACE D allele for high levels of SACE in sarcoidosis. This fact could be one of the explanations for the increased SACE activity in sarcoidosis.
Randomised controlled trial of effects of coordinating care for terminally ill cancer patients.
Authors: J. M. Addington-Hall, L. D. MacDonald, H. R. Anderson, J. Chamberlain, P. Freeling, J. M. Bland, J. Raftery
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To measure effects on terminally ill cancer patients and their families of coordinating the services available within the NHS and from local authorities and the voluntary sector. DESIGN--Randomised controlled trial. SETTING--Inner London health district. PATIENTS--Cancer patients were routinely notified from 1987 to 1990. 554 patients expected to survive less than one year entered the trial and were randomly allocated to a coordination or a control group. INTERVENTION--All patients received routinely available services. Coordination group patients received the assistance of two nurse coordinators, whose role was to ensure that patients received appropriate and well coordinated services, tailored to their individual needs and circumstances. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Patients and carers were interviewed at home on entry to the trial and at intervals until death. Interviews after bereavement were also conducted. Outcome measures included the presence and severity of physical symptoms, psychiatric morbidity, use of and satisfaction with services, and carers9 problems. Results from the baseline interview, the interview closest to death, and the interview after bereavement were analysed. RESULTS--Few differences between groups were significant. Coordination group patients were less likely to suffer from vomiting, were more likely to report effective treatment for it, and less likely to be concerned about having an itchy skin. Their carers were more likely to report that in the last week of life the patient had had a cough and had had effective treatment for constipation, and they were less likely to rate the patient9s difficulty swallowing as severe or to report effective treatment for anxiety. Coordination group patients were more likely to have seen a chiropodist and their carers were more likely to contact a specialist nurse in a night time emergency. These carers were less likely to feel angry about the death of the patient. CONCLUSIONS--This coordinating service made little difference to patient or family outcomes, perhaps because the service did not have a budget with which it could obtain services or because the professional skills of the nurse-coordinators may have conflicted with the requirements of the coordinating role.
B-cell subsets and platelet counts in HIV-1 seropositive subjects
Authors: Y.H. Kouri, S. Karpatkin, R.S. Basch
Journal: The Lancet (1992)

A subset of B lymphocytes positive for the CD5 antigen have been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. To investigate their role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, we studied peripheral-blood B and T lymphocytes from HIV-1-positive patients with (n=13) and without (n=18) thrombocytopenia, 8 patients with classic autoimmune thrombocytopenia, and 16 healthy controls. The proportion of CD5-positive B cells was significantly higher in the HIV-1-positive thrombocytopenic patients than in the healthy controls, as a result of both higher numbers of CD5-positive B cells and lower numbers of CD5-negative B cells. Platelet count was positively correlated with CD5-negative B-cell count (r=0·6, p<0·001) and negatively correlated with proportion of B cells that were CD5 positive (r=-0·5, p<0·01) among the HIV-1-positive patients. The high concentrations of IgM-containing immune complexes in HIV-1-positive patients with autoimmune disorders may be due to changes in the CD5-positive B-cell subset.
The Requirement for and Changing Composition of the Activating Protein-1 Transcription Factor during Differentiation of Human Leukemia HL60 Cells Induced by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Xuening Wang, George P. Studzinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex is a heterogeneous entity, composed in mammalian cells of dimers chosen from a group of at least eight proteins belonging to three families: jun, fos, and activating transcription factor (ATF). The AP-1 complexes participate in diverse biological processes that include cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. These seemingly contrasting functions have been attributed to the intensity and duration of the signals provided by AP-1, but the biological consequences of changing composition of the AP-1 complex have not been fully explored. Here, we show that functional AP-1 is required for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D)-induced monocytic differentiation, and that the composition of the AP-1 protein complex that binds TRE, its cognate DNA element, changes as cells differentiate. In HL60 cells in an early stage of differentiation, the principal AP-1 components detected by gel shift analysis include c-jun, ATF-2, fos-B, fra-1, and fra-2. In cells with a more established monocytic phenotype, the demonstrable AP-1 components are c-jun, ATF-2, jun-B, and fos-B. Following the addition of 1 nmol/L of 1,25D, the cellular content of each of these four proteins markedly increased in a sustained manner, whereas the increases in c-fos, fra-1, fra-2, and jun-D were minimal, if any. Small increases in mRNA levels encoding all AP-1 component proteins, except c-fos, were also noted. These findings provide a basis for the previously found participation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in 1,25D-induced differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, and direct attention to jun-B and fos-B as new cellular therapeutic targets, that may promote replicative quiescence associated with differentiation of malignant cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4202-9)
Variation in Rate of Salicylate Elimination by Humans
Authors: G. Levy, L. E. Hollister
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Seventeen healthy human subjects, consisting of seven men and ten women, aged 23 to 53, weighing 52 to 96 kg., were given 1 g. (three 0.33-g.tablets) of aspirin on an empty stomach.Blood samples were taken two, four, six, eight, and in most cases also 10 hours after drug administration.Plasma salicylate concentrations were determined by the colorimetric method of Trinder (1954).After one week the test was repeated.
Release of gentamicin sulphate from a modified commercial bone cement. Effect of (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) comonomer and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) additive on release mechanism and kinetics
Authors: P. Frutos, E. Diez-Peña, G. Frutos, J.M. Barrales-Rienda
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)