tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FAMILIAL MONGOLIAN IDIOCY
Authors: Maxwell P. Borovsky
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The occurrence of multiple cases of mongolian idiocy in one family is so unusual that I consider this report warranted. Orel<sup>1</sup>reviewed the literature up to 1926 and found the report of nineteen cases of familial mongolism and thirty-four cases of mongolism in twins. He points out that frequently members of a family in which there is a case of mongolian idiocy will show mongolian stigmas, which he designates as potential or latent mongoloidism. These abnormalities may consist merely of a flat bridge nose, incurvation or shortening of the little finger, or a tendency toward Mongolian slit eyes. He also calls attention to the fact that in mongolism in twins, if they are both of the same sex, one or both may be mongols, while in twins of opposite sex only one is so affected. Included in Orel's survey are the reports by Glassburg,<sup>2</sup>Pogorschelsky<sup>3</sup>and Chatzen,<sup>4</sup>
The 1970 Epidemic of Diphtheria in San Antonio
Authors: RICHARD V. MCCLOSKEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Diphtheria affected 201 persons in San Antonio, Texas, from 1 December 1969 to 31 December 1970. Three unimmunized children died. The predominant signs and symptoms were sore throat, fever, dysphagia, nausea, and headache. A distinctive edema of the neck was commoner in adults than in children. Infection with beta hemolytic streptococci did not affect the course of diphtheria or the response to treatment. Corynebacterium diphtheriae was sensitive to ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline, and rifampin. Partial or complete resistance to cephalexin, Colistin, lincomycin, and oxacillin was found. Both penicillin by intramuscular injection and erythromycin by intravenous injection eradicated C. diphtheriae from the pharynx of hospitalized patients. Oral erythromycin treatment compared with a single intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin showed that benzathine penicillin can be used as an alternate to erythromycin for termination of the carrier state.
Chronic Amoebic Hepatitis
Authors: T. Doxiades
Journal: BMJ (1962)

OTOSCLEROSIS~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOUW4,KJL 10 2.2% with post-operative total deafness.These results are comparable with the few published so far.Though it is early to assess permanent cure, the indications are encouraging, and it is considered that stapedectomy is at present the operation of choice for suitable cases of otosclerosis.I wish to express my thanks to Dr. W. K. Slack for his comments on the anaesthetic technique and to the staff of the anaesthetic department of Whipps Cross
A COMPARISON OF THE SPIROCHETE OF YELLOW FEVER (LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROIDES NOGUCHI) WITH THE LEPTOSPIRA OF WEIL'S DISEASE
Authors: Erich Martini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The most noteworthy point observed in our studies is the extraordinary duration of life and the relatively meagre requirements for sustenance of Leptospira icteroides. It is conceivable that under natural conditions opportunities might arise for the prolonged existence of Leptospira icteroides, so that possibly after a lapse of years, the disease might reappear without introduction from outside. At any rate, the great viability of Leptospira icteroides must be considered in this connection. A decrease in the virulence of the leptospira does not rule out the possibility of a renewed outburst of yellow fever, since Uhlenhuth and Zuelzer have shown that it is possible to set up Weil's disease in guinea pigs by means of apparently saprophytic spirochetes obtained from drinking water, when the virulence of these organisms has been artificially heightened.
Low Back Pain and the Workplace—Reply
Authors: Nortin M. Hadler, Raymond C. Tait, John T. Chibnall
Journal: JAMA (2007)

In Reply: We believe that Dr Garg and colleagues have misconstrued our Commentary. We fervently support actions that reduce the incidence of injuries. Our Commentary is a discussion of disablement associated with regional backache in occupational settings, not a discussion of workplace safety.
Increased amounts of a novel penicillin-binding protein in a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exposed to nafcillin.
Authors: H F Chambers, B J Hartman, A Tomasz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In addition to the four typical penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), a strain of heterogeneously methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus produced an extra 78-kD PBP (PBP 2a) that had a low affinity for nafcillin and penicillin. Addition of nafcillin to cultures of this strain caused a rapid increase in the amount of this PBP in cell membranes. This increase occurred at subinhibitory concentrations of drug within minutes of exposure, and was blocked by inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis. This suggests that the synthesis of PBP 2a can be stimulated by exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics. This process may, in part, explain the heterogeneity in methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
Bioactivation of nitroglycerin and vasomotor response to nitric oxide are impaired in cirrhotic rat livers
Authors: Amy A. Dudenhoefer, Maurício R. Loureiro-Silva, Gregory W. Cadelina, Tarun Gupta, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Nitroglycerin (NTG), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, has been shown to reduce portal pressure in cirrhotic patients. Using the in situ perfusion of normal and cirrhotic rat livers, we compared the vascular relaxation induced by either NTG or the spontaneous nitric oxide donor S -nitroso- N -acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). Normal and cirrhotic livers were perfused (40 mL/min, 37°C) with Krebs’ solution in a recirculating system. After preconstriction with methoxamine (10 −4 mol/L), a dose-response study was performed using 6 cumulative doses of NTG or SNAP (10 −7 to 3 × 10 −5 mol/L). NO x (NO 2 − + NO 3 − ) production in the perfusate was measured by chemiluminescence. Cirrhotic livers exhibited lower vasorelaxant responses, compared with normal livers, to both NTG ( P &lt; .0001) and SNAP ( P = .0020). In normal livers, NTG and SNAP induced similar vasorelaxant responses ( P = .44). In cirrhotic livers, NTG induced less vasorelaxation than SNAP ( P &lt; .0001). In the presence of NTG ( P = .0045), but not SNAP ( P = .99), NO x production in experiments with cirrhotic livers was lower than in experiments with normal livers. In conclusion, in cirrhotic rat livers, the vasorelaxant response to NTG is impaired owing to both a decreased metabolism of this NO donor and an inability of the hepatic vasculature to respond to NO.
Diazepam or Paraldehyde for Delirium Tremens
Authors: MICHAEL C. RUDDY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 August 1975Diazepam or Paraldehyde for Delirium TremensMICHAEL C. RUDDY, M.D.MICHAEL C. RUDDY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-2-279_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with great interest the recent study by Thompson, Johnson, Maddrey, et al (Ann Intern Med 82:175-180, 1975) of the treatment of delirium tremens by diazepam or paraldehyde. This study clearly shows the superior efficacy and safety of parenteral diazepam as opposed to rectal paraldehyde in the initial management of these patients.After induction of a calm state the patients required an average of 155 mg of diazepam and only 67 ml of paraldehyde. Although the specific data are not included in the article, the frequency of administered doses of diazepam required for maintenance appears to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL C. RUDDY, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrug Therapy of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome 1 August 1975Volume 83, Issue 2Page: 279-279KeywordsDelirium tremensDiazepamSafetySafety studies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
1088-121 Improved myocardial high-energy phosphate metabolism induces by partial free fatty acid inhibition in patients with heart failure
Authors: Gabriele Fragasso, Francesco De Cobelli, Gianluca Perseghin, Antonio Esposito, Altin Palloshi, Giorgio Bassanelli, Chiara Montano, Alessandro Del Maschio, Alberto Margonato
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Abstract IA16: Technologies for detecting and analyzing proteins in living cells
Authors: Alice Y. Tina
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Two technologies will be described: (1) a generic way to label specific recombinant proteins inside living cells with any chemical probe, and (2) a way to map the proteomic composition of subcellular compartments of living, intact cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Therapy of Influenzal Meningitis Considered
Authors: Arnold L. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Confusion regarding the antimicrobial treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis has resulted from recent reports of conflicting results of apparently similar antibiotic regimens.1 2 3 Elsewhere in this issue Shackelford et al. report, on the basis of a retrospective analysis, that treatment of H. influenzae meningitis with chloramphenicol was associated with a shorter duration of fever and fewer bacteriologic lapses than when ampicillin was used. Because the outcome in these cases was subject to many variables (e.g., use of drugs at different periods, and difficulties in matching patients with unspecified severity of illness), the apparent advantages of chloramphenicol must, as the authors themselves . . .
D2-40 immunohistochemical overexpression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas: A marker of metastatic risk
Authors: Agustí Toll, Javier Gimeno-Beltrán, Carla Ferrandiz-Pulido, Emili Masferrer, Mireia Yébenes, Anna Jucglà, Leandre Abal, Rosa M. Martí, Onofre Sanmartín, Teresa Baró, Beatriz Casado, Alberto Gandarillas, Carlos Barranco, Irmgard Costa, Sergi Mojal, Vicenç García-Patos, Ramon M. Pujol
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Growth Hormone Therapy for Short Stature
Authors: Saul Malozowski, Wellington Hung, Denise C. Scott, Bruce V. Stadel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: The article by Braveman et al. (Aug.18 issue) 1 does not mention the number of emergency room visits or any admissions in the weeks before the admission for appendicitis.This is important information, because patients with no insurance and those covered by Medicaid have a high number of emergency room visits, as the authors note, and a high number of hospital admissions during which no diagnosis is made.The patients with early signs and symptoms of appendicitis could have had one or more emergency room visits or hospital admissions for undiagnosed appendicitis, only to present later with a frankly perforated appendix.Other abdominal conditions can mimic appendicitis, and emergency ultrasound examination of the appendix has a sensitivity of 80 percent and a specificity of 54 percent for the diagnosis of appendicitis. 2
Fainting in mumps.
Authors: A M Gardner, G T Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1970)

sudden pain in the calf to death from mas- sive pulmonary embolism.Apprehension still exists as continuing investigations indicate that there are grave discrepancies in the recommended methods of laundering and sterilizing in the hospital service.The non-clinical approach is paramount.Hospital flora are now accepted, apparently calmly (8 August, p. 305).Just how far have we gone backwards in 22 years?Do we need another Lister?-Iam, etc.,
Paralysis of phrenic nerve due to enlargement of left atrium.
Authors: W L Morrison, S B Coghill, R N Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation rare: paralysie de l'hemidiaphragme gauche decouverte a la radioscopie chez un malade ne presentant qu'une toux, une dyspnee d'effort et une vasculopathie peripherique. Le malade meurt pendant son sejour a l'hopital (hemiplegie et pneumonie d'aspiration). L'autopsie revele la cause de la paralysie du phrenique: hypertrophie de l'oreillette gauche due a un retrecissement mitral
Cadmium-Related Mortality and Long-Term Secular Trends in the Cadmium Body Burden of an Environmentally Exposed Population
Authors: Tim S. Nawrot, Etienne Van Hecke, Lutgarde Thijs, Tom Richart, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Yu Jin, Jaco Vangronsveld, Harry A. Roels, Jan A. Staessen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Few population studies have reported on the long-term changes in the internal cadmium dose and simultaneously occurring mortality.We monitored blood cadmium (BCd), 24-hr urinary cadmium (UCd), and mortality in an environmentally exposed population.Starting from 1985, we followed BCd (until 2003), UCd (until 1996), and mortality (until 2007) among 476 and 480 subjects, randomly recruited from low- exposure areas (LEA) and high-exposure areas (HEA). The last cadmium-producing plant in the HEA closed in 2002.From 1985-1989 to 1991-1996, BCd decreased by 40.3% and 18.9% in the LEA and HEA, respectively (p < 0.0001 for between-area difference). From 1991-1996 until 2001-2003, BCd remained unchanged in the HEA (+ 1.8%) and increased by 19.7% in the LEA (p < 0.0001). Over the entire follow-up period, the annual decrease in BCd averaged 2.7% in the LEA (n = 258) and 1.8% in the HEA (n = 203). From 1985-1989 to 1991-1996, UCd fell by 12.9% in the LEA and by 16.6% in the HEA (p = 0.22), with mean annual decreases of 2.7% (n = 366) and 3.4% (n = 364). Over 20.3 years (median), 206 deaths (21.5%) occurred. At baseline, BCd (14.6 vs. 10.2 nmol/L) and UCd (14.1 vs. 8.6 nmol/24-hr) were higher in deaths than in survivors. The risks (p < or = 0.04) associated with a doubling of baseline UCd were 20% and 44% for total and noncardiovascular mortality, and 25% and 33% for a doubling of BCd.Even if zinc-cadmium smelters close, historical environmental contamination remains a persistent source of exposure. Environmental exposure to cadmium increases total and noncardiovascular mortality in a continuous fashion without threshold.
Treatment of Lactic Acidosis with Dichloroacetate in Dogs
Authors: Robert Park, Allen I. Arieff, William Leach, Virginia C. Lazarowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Lactic acidosis is a clinical condition due to accumulation of H(+) ions from lactic acid, characterized by blood lactate levels >5 mM and arterial pH <7.25. In addition to supportive care, treatment usually consists of intravenous NaHCO(3), with a resultant mortality >60%. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a compound that lowers blood lactate levels under various conditions in both man and laboratory animals. It acts to increase pyruvate oxidation by activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. We evaluated the effects of DCA in the treatment of two different models of type B experimental lactic acidosis in diabetic dogs: hepatectomy-lactic acidosis and phenformin-lactic acidosis. The metabolic and systemic effects examined included arterial blood pH and levels of bicarbonate and lactate; the intracellular pH (pHi) in liver and skeletal muscle; cardiac index, arterial blood pressure and liver blood flow; liver lactate uptake and extrahepatic splanchnic (gut) lactate production; and mortality. Effects of DCA were compared with those of either NaCl or NaHCO(3). The infusion of DCA and NaHCO(3), delivered equal amounts of volume and sodium, although the quantity of NaHCO(3) infused (2.5 meq/kg per h) was insufficient to normalize arterial pH. In phenformin-lactic acidosis, DCA-treated animals had a mortality of 22%, vs. 89% in those treated with NaHCO(3). DCA therapy increased arterial pH and bicarbonate, liver pHi and cardiac index, with increased liver lactate uptake and a fall in blood lactate. With NaHCO(3) therapy, there were decrements of cardiac index and liver pHi, with an increase in venous pCO(2) and gut production of lactate. Dogs with hepatectomy-lactic acidosis were either treated or pretreated with DCA. Treatment with DCA resulted in stabilization of cardiac index, a fall in blood lactate, and 17% mortality. NaHCO(3) was associated with a continuous decline of cardiac index, rise in blood lactate, and 67% mortality. In dogs pretreated with NaCl, mortality was 33%, but all dogs pretreated with DCA survived. Dogs pretreated with DCA also had lower blood lactate and higher arterial pH and bicarbonate than did those pretreated with NaCl.Thus, in either of two models of type B experimental lactic acidosis, treatment with DCA improves cardiac index, arterial pH, bicarbonate and lactate, and liver pHi. The mortality in dogs with type B lactic acidosis was significantly less in DCA-treated animals than in those treated with other modalities.
Advances in Radiation Biology
Authors: F. Lamont Jennings
Journal: JAMA (1975)

It is difficult to determine the audience for this series of papers on diverse subjects in radiation biology. The 1975 edition contains papers primarily concerned with basic radiobiology studies. One, by Baily and Steigerwalt, considers the physical processes applicable in the deposition of energy by charged particles and will be of interest to biophysicists primarily. The second, by Kaye and Rohwer, is a speculative discussion of possible environmental contamination from normal nuclear power plants. Here are included discussions of potential internal and external exposures as well as recycling through various food chains. Two papers review animal radiation studies. The one by F. B. Tumer reviews ecological effects when an area is continuously irradiated. Much of the effect of radiation appears to be due to changes in vegetation. The paper by H. E. Walburg, on radiation and aging, discusses the major studies on aging published in the past 40 years. Of
Infrastructural Capability of Investigator-Initiated Trials Involving Unapproved Investigational Drugs in Japan
Authors: T. Shimizu, H. Kaneda, J. Tsurutani, K. Okamoto, K. Tanaka, R. Ohnishi, M. Nomura, H. Aida, C. Hashii, K. Nakagawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
1054-148 Quantitative assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function using tissue doppler echocardiography-derived acceleration: Validation in an animal model
Authors: Jing Ping Sun, Craig R Asher, Xiaorong Zhou, Kai Wang, Hirotsugu Yamada, Mario J Garcia, Neil L Greenberg, Zoran B Popovic, Richard A Grimm, James D Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Four-year follow-up of patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy A report from then national heart, lung, and blood institute balloon valvuloplasty registry
Authors: Larry S. Dean, Mary Mickel, Raoul Bonan, David R. Holmes, William W. O'Neill, Igor F. Palacios, Shahbudin Rahimtoola, James N. Slater, Kathryn Davis, J.Ward Kennedy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Population-Based Medicine Merges Clinical Care, Epidemiologic Techniques
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

IN A BURGEONING era of accountability through outcomes, the provision of preventive and primary care services is taking on an epidemiologic twist. Rather than focusing only on individual patients' ills, experts are urging physicians to consider<i>the population</i>as their patient and begin documenting its incidence and prevalence of disease. Without such a shift, specialists in preventive medicine and public health say clinicians won't be able to provide the most effective care. And in the equally burgeoning era of managed care and capitation, the shift toward population-based medicine can spell financial success. "It doesn't do any good if your only [health status] measure is that all the kids are immunized, but you haven't reduced infectious diseases in your community," says Jonathan Weisbuch, MD, MPH, medical director of the Los Angeles County (Calif) Department of Health Services. "This is not part of the black bag of medicine," Weisbuch told participants at
On Leucoderm, Vitiligo, Ven Kuttam (Tamil) or Cabbare (Singhalese), and Several New Methods of Treatment
Authors: P. S. Brito
Journal: BMJ (1885)

&petaanee of theuinfoitunate victims of vitilikoiis striking, nd scid"y failsto evoke a etelig bf hrr aid pitY-At th6 afflikttd, W 9e; condit"on, isdeemed incurable.The pict1uie of af ot1i1s4 a!e, reoved frj9r typical sooty negro's skin, marked with spots perfectly.white, and, from the CQ^1, trast, appearin!1'fireri-than the skiii of the fairest European, must, to evineyn fi rhiarisd'to the siht, appeart iepugnant.These spots
Detection, semiquantitation, and genetic variation in hepatitis C virus sequences amplified from the plasma of blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase.
Authors: P P Ulrich, J M Romeo, P K Lane, I Kelly, L J Daniel, G N Vyas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the predominant etiologic agent of posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis, characterized by undulating elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and chronic liver disease. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) in 11 specimens among 101 nontransfusable plasma units obtained from asymptomatic, volunteer blood donors with elevated levels' of ALT. Using a combined reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay developed by us, HCV RNA was detected in 0.6 ml of plasma from 8 of 11 (73%) of the anti-HCV-positive but in none of the 90 anti-HCV-negative specimens. The relatively low concentration of HCV RNA could be detected in the remaining three anti-HCV-positive specimens when 2.4 ml of plasma was analyzed. The plasma concentration of virions was estimated to range from 10(2) to 5 x 10(7)/ml. Direct sequencing performed on the PCR-amplified HCV cDNAs (210 base pairs) from three specimens revealed heterogeneity between 2.5 and 8.6% at the nucleotide level and less than 4% at the amino acid level. Our findings demonstrate that RT-PCR can be performed with 2.4 ml of plasma, providing an assay for the direct detection of HCV RNA and confirming the existence of an asymptomatic carrier state for HCV infection in the apparently healthy anti-HCV-positive donors.
Computer-Aided Diagnostic Screening for 100 Common Diseases
Authors: Keeve Brodman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The heavy load of his professional duties often leaves the practicing physician little time to question each patient fully about symptoms other than those associated with the present illness. Consequently, unless the patient himself brings additional symptoms to the attention of the physician, diseases, some of grave importance, may be overlooked. This communication describes the results of a study of the effectiveness of a multiple-screening method devised to identify patients who have complexes of symptoms significant for 100 diseases frequently encountered in medical practice. The objectives of the method are to screen patients for these diseases effectively, rapidly, and without strain on the physician's time or facilities. The method, called the Medical Data Screen (MDS), is in essence a laboratory-type procedure, in which a questionnaire is used to collect comprehensive histories and a computer is used to categorize and analyze items of history for each of the 100 diseases. The
Lipoprotein(a)- and low-density lipoprotein–derived cholesterol in nephrotic syndrome: Impact on lipid-lowering therapy?
Authors: Florian Kronenberg, Arno Lingenhel, Karl Lhotta, Barbara Rantner, Martina F. Kronenberg, Paul König, Joachim Thiery, Michael Koch, Arnold Von Eckardstein, Hans Dieplinger
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Improvement of treatment-refractory atopic dermatitis by immunoadsorption: A pilot study
Authors: Michael Kasperkiewicz, Enno Schmidt, Yvonne Frambach, Christian Rose, Markus Meier, Martin Nitschke, Thomas M. Falk, Kristian Reich, Ralf J. Ludwig, Detlef Zillikens
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)