tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Points from Letters: Post-thyroidectomy Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy
Authors: A. Prakash
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection (3D-SSP) is a widely used method for the analysis of clinical <sup>18</sup>F-FDG brain studies. However, for PET amyloid scans the use of 3D-SSP is challenging because of nonspecific uptake in white matter. Our objective was to implement a method for 3D-SSP quantification and visualization of <sup>18</sup>F-flutemetamol images that avoids extraction of white matter signal. <b>Methods:</b> Triangulated brain surface models were extracted from a T1-weighted MR template image. Using an <sup>18</sup>F-flutemetamol–negative template, a maximum depth for each vertex on the surface models was calculated to avoid extraction of white matter. The method was evaluated using <sup>18</sup>F-flutemetamol images from 2 cohorts. Cohort 1 consisted of 105 healthy volunteers and was used to create a normal database for each reference region. Cohort 2 consisted of 171 subjects including patients with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment and healthy volunteers. Images were spatially normalized using an adaptive template registration method, and SUV ratio 3D-SSP values were computed using the pons and cerebellar cortex as reference regions. Images from cohort 2 were then compared with the normal database and classified into negatives and positives, based on a calculated <i>z</i> score threshold. The results were compared with consensus visual interpretation results from 5 trained interpreters blinded to clinical data. <b>Results:</b> With the pons as the reference region, the optimal <i>z</i> score threshold was 1.97, resulting in an overall agreement with visual interpretation results in 170 of 171 images (99.42%). With the cerebellar cortex as the reference region, the optimal <i>z</i> score threshold was 2.41, with an overall agreement with visual interpretation in 168 of 171 images (98.25%). <b>Conclusion:</b> Variable-depth 3D-SSP allows computation and visualization of <sup>18</sup>F-flutemetamol 3D-SSP maps, with minimized contribution from white matter signal while retaining sensitivity in detecting gray matter signal.
Adrenocortical steroidogenesis: the effects of prostaglandins
Authors: Takao Saruta, Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Prostaglandins E(1) and E(2) significantly stimulated the synthesis of aldosterone, corticosterone, and to a lesser degree, cortisol in the outer slices of beef adrenal tissue. PGA, PGF(1a), and PGF(2a) were ineffective.PGE(1) was found to stimulate steroidogenesis in a manner similar to that of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in (a) needing calcium, (b) being inhibited by puromycin but not actinomycin D, (c) increasing the levels of cyclic AMP, and (d) not having an additive effect to exogenous cyclic AMP. PGE(1) did not produce an additive effect with either submaximal or maximal amounts of ACTH but did have an additive effect with angiotensin. These results are in keeping with the hypothesis that PGE(1) shares a receptor site on the plasma membrane with ACTH.
3. Advances in the medical treatment of nasal polyps
Authors: Niels Mygind
Journal: Allergy (1999)

The objectives of the medical management of nasal polyposis are to eliminate or reduce the size of polyps, re-establish nasal breathing, reduce symptoms of rhinitis, restore the sense of smell and prevent the recurrence of nasal polyps. Corticosteroids have a proven therapeutic effect on the symptoms of nasal polyposis and may reduce one of the underlying causes of polyps, inflammation. The efficacy of topical corticosteroids such as beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray and betamethasone nasal drops in reducing polyp size and rhinitis symptoms has been demonstrated in several randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Flunisolide and budesonide have also been shown to delay the recurrence of polyps after surgery. Topical corticosteroids can be used as long-term therapy either alone in mild cases, or combined with systemic corticosteroids and/or surgery in severe cases. Most patients will respond well to topical corticosteroid treatment of their nasal polyposis; consequently, the requirement for repetitive nasal surgery will be reduced.
Clinical Trial of Iron Therapy on Psychomotor Function in Anaemic Women
Authors: P. C. Elwood, D. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A variety of aspects of psychomotor function were assessed in 47 women before and after iron therapy. These women, all of whom had initial haemoglobin levels below 10·5 g./100 ml., had been drawn from a population sample of 2,283 women seen at a haematological screening survey. There was no evidence of any beneficial effect of a rise in haemoglobin level on psychomotor function or on symptoms. Possibly this is because if an effect does occur it is unlikely to be apparent unless the haemoglobin level is very low. If this is true then anaemia is probably a rare cause of symptoms or impairment in psychomotor function in the community.
Dietary Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: Is There a Single Best Diet?
Authors: Scott M Grundy
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

The ideal diet for diabetic patients remains to be determined. Recommendations generally call for low-fat high-carbohydrate diets. The primary purpose of this recommendation is to reduce the risk for coronary heart disease, a major killer of diabetic patients. Some investigators also suggest that high-carbohydrate diets also improve glucose tolerance, even in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Another potential advantage of a low-fat diet (high percentage of carbohydrate) is that it may promote weight reduction. High-fat diets are thought by many investigators to stimulate weight gain. Thus, in obese NIDDM patients a trial of a low-fat weight-reduction diet may be worthwhile. However, if after an adequate trial of this diet, weight reduction is not achieved, this suggests that the patient is consuming large quantities of carbohydrates. The continued feeding of a high-carbohydrate diet to a persistently obese patient with NIDDM may have several untoward effects. For example, it can heighten hyperglycemia, raise plasma triglycerides, and lower high-density lipoproteins. In such dietary failures, it may be better to replace carbohydrate with fat to avoid these responses. Ideally, the fat should not raise the serum cholesterol level, and hence it should be unsaturated. Monounsaturated fatty acids seem preferable to polyunsaturated fatty acids, because polyunsaturates may increase the risk for cancer or promote the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, another potentially atherogenic change. Many NIDDM patients, particularly obese patients in the earlier stages of diabetes, tolerate weight-maintenance high-carbohydrate diets without deterioration of glucose tolerance. However, as their insulin reserve declines, high-carbohydrate diets may further raise glucose levels, and a lower-carbohydrate diet seems preferable. The same may be true for nonobese patients with NIDDM; the predominant defect in many of these patients is a deficient secretion of insulin. Replacement of carbohydrates by monounsaturated fatty acids in the latter two groups of patients may be advantageous. In summary, the best dietary approach in obese patients with NIDDM, who are relatively early in the course of their disease, is to attempt weight reduction with a lowfat diet. However, if this diet should fail, it probably would be better to reduce carbohydrate intake and replace some of it with monounsaturates. Likewise, in more advanced NIDDM, with deficiency of insulin secretion, high-carbohydrate diets probably should be avoided, because they accentuate hyperglycemia. Therefore, the ideal diet for diabetic patients may depend on the presence or absence of obesity, the response to a weight-reduction diet, and the stage of progression of β-cell dysfunction.
Changing trends in the causes of morbidity and mortality related to the telectronics Accufix permanent pacemaker lead: lessons learned from the first three years of device recall management
Authors: D.T. Kawanishi, J.A. Brinker, R. Reeves, G.N. Kay, J. Gross, A. Ester, J. Fee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Hypercalcaemic crisis as presentation of Addison's disease.
Authors: W W Downie, A Gunn, C R Paterson, G F Howie
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Fatal irreversible hypercalcaemia in breast cancerOsteolytic bone metastases may cause excessive release of calcium from the skeleton and result in progressive, fatal hypercalcaemia.1 2 Oestrogen treatment for metastatic disease may precipitate this.3We describe two patients who developed fatal hypercalcaemia within days of starting oestrogen treatment. Case reportsCase 1-A 73-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with carcinoma of the breast, lymph node and liver metastases, and bilateral pleural effusions.She had no pain, and marrow aspirate and skeletal x-ray appearances were normal, but the bone scan showed multiple bone metastases.Serum calcium was 2-4 mmol/l (9 6 mg/100 ml) and serum alkaline phosphatase 145 IU/1.Ethinyloestradiol 0 3 mg/day caused nausea, malaise, and drowsiness but the serum calcium remained normal (2-15 mmol/l; 8-8 mg/100 ml).She recovered after withdrawal of the hormone, which was restarted at 0-1 mg/ day.Three days later she was asymptomatic but her serum calcium had risen to 4 76 mmol/l (19 mg/100 ml).Oestrogen treatment was stopped but despite a diuresis of 5 1 in 24 hours, intramuscular hydrocortisone 100 mg six- hourly, and intravenous mithramycin 1 mg, the serum calcium rose to 5-5 mmol/l (22 mg/100 ml) and she died (see figure).Necropsy showed metastatic deposits in viscera, lymph nodes, ovaries, and bone marrow.Parathyroid glands were normal.Case 2-In 1971 a 57-year-old woman had a mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast.From 1974 to August 1975 she was treated with nandrolone for bone metastases with good symptomatic results.In November 1975 she was admitted to hospital for further hormone treatment.Serum calcium was 2-25 mmol/l (9 mg/100 ml) and serum alkaline phosphatase over 500 IU/1.X-ray examination showed widespread osteolytic metastases, and bone
Induction of cytochrome promotes liver injury in ob/ob mice
Authors: Aparajita Dey, Arthur I. Cederbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activates several hepatotoxins and contributes to alcoholic liver damage. Obesity is a growing health problem in the United States. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether acetone- or pyrazole-mediated induction of CYP2E1 can potentiate liver injury in obesity. CYP2E1 protein and activity were elevated in acetone- or pyrazole-treated obese and lean mice. Acetone or pyrazole induced distinct histological changes in liver and significantly higher aminotransferase enzymes in obese mice compared to obese controls or acetone- or pyrazole-treated lean mice. Higher caspase-3 activity and numerous apoptotic hepatocytes were observed in the acetone- or pyrazole-treated obese mice. Increased protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts, elevated levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and higher 3-nitrotyrosine protein adducts were found in livers of acetone- or pyrazole-treated obese animals, suggesting elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress. Liver tumor necrosis factor α levels were higher in pyrazole-treated animals. The CYP2E1 inhibitor chlormethiazole and iNOS inhibitor N -(3-(aminomethyl)-benzyl) acetamidine abrogated the toxicity and the oxidative/nitrosative stress elicited by the induction of CYP2E1. Conclusion: These results show that obesity contributes to oxidative stress and liver injury and that induction of CYP2E1 enhances these effects. (Hepatology 2007;45:1355–1365.)
STUDIES ON A LIPOPROTEINASE OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Elma Krumwiede
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

The opalescence produced in serum by group A streptococci has been investigated. The development of opalescence is shown to be initiated by an enzyme attached to the bacterial cell which acts upon the α1-lipoprotein fraction of serum liberating the lipids from the protein. This enzyme has been termed a lipoproteinase. Evidence is presented which suggests that the degree of opalescence which develops following lipoproteinase activity is influenced not only by factors attached to the bacterial cell but also by substances present in serum. The lipoproteinase is antigenic and many human sera contain specific antibodies which inhibit the action of the enzyme.
Spontaneous Cytotoxic T-Cell Reactivity against Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-2
Authors: Rikke Bæk Sørensen, Tania Køllgaard, Rikke Sick Andersen, Joost Huibert van den Berg, Inge Marie Svane, Per thor Straten, Mads Hald Andersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Several lines of data have suggested a possible link between the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-like protein IDO2 and cancer. First, IDO2 expression has been described in human tumors, including renal, gastric, colon, and pancreatic tumors. Second, the apparent selective inhibition of IDO2 by the D stereoisomer of the IDO blocker 1-methyl-tryptophan (1MT), which tends to be more active than the L-isomer in a variety of biological assays for IDO function, suggests that IDO2 may be important to sustain immune escape and growth of tumors. Especially, D-1MT heightens chemotherapeutic efficacy in mouse models of cancer in a nontoxic fashion. Here, we describe the immunogenicity of IDO2 by showing the presence of spontaneous cytotoxic T-cell reactivity against IDO2 in peripheral blood of both healthy donors and cancer patients. Furthermore, we show that these IDO2-specific T cells are cytotoxic effector cells that recognize and kill tumor cells. Our data suggest that IDO2 might be a useful target for anticancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Cancer Res; 71(6); 2038–44. ©2011 AACR.
Release of prostaglandin D2 and histamine in a case of localized heat urticaria, and effect of treatments
Authors: O. KORO, J. S. DOVER, D. M. FRANCIS, A.KOBZA BLACK, R. W. KELLY, R. M. BARR, M. W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

A case of localized heat urticaria in a 70-year-old woman is reported. Increased plasma levels of prostaglandin D2 and blood histamine after heat challenge indicate a role for mast cell degranulation in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Treatment with astemizole increased the temperature threshold to wealing, but not to itch or erythema. The patient was partially desensitized by repeated exposure to heat and this was further improved by indomethacin. After treatment there was no increase in plasma prostaglandin D2 on challenge. No evidence was found for the activation of the alternative complement pathway.
Increased eosinophil transmigration after nasal allergen challenge in children with allergic asthma and rhinitis
Authors: K. Lönnkvist, A. Moshfegh, C. Pedroletti, G. Hedlin, G. Halldén, J. Lundahl
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Eotaxin and interleukin-5 together provide the signal essential for eosinophil transmigration to airway tissue in allergic reactions. However, it is not known whether peripheral blood eosinophils (PBE) possess an increased transmigration capacity in vitro after allergen challenge in vivo before they leave the circulation. We aimed to determine whether PBE in cat-sensitized children have increased spontaneous and/or eotaxin-induced transmigration capacity in vitro, and to what extent allergen challenge alters this feature.Fourteen cat-allergic children and four healthy controls underwent nasal challenge with cat-allergen. Blood samples were drawn prechallenge and at 2 h and 24 h postchallenge. We analyzed the in vitro transmigration of PBE, with and without eotaxin as a chemoattractant. We used a transmigration assay with fibronectin-coated membranes. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and PBE counts were run in parallel.The spontaneous transmigration capacity of eosinophils in vitro was significantly higher at 2 h after allergen challenge (P < 0.01 vs. prechallenge) and returned to prechallenge levels at 24 h postchallenge (P < 0.02 vs. 2 h postchallenge). Addition of eotaxin further augmented the increased transmigration. In concordance, no accompanying changes were measured in the levels of eosinophils in blood or ECP in serum. Furthermore no spontaneous or eotaxin-induced eosinophil transmigration was detected in healthy controls.PBE possess increased spontaneous (and eotaxin-induced) capacity to transmigrate as early as 2 h after allergen challenge in allergic children, without accompanying signs of eosinophil activation in terms of increased PBE count or ECP level. This is probably due to the increased stage of activation of the eosinophil, often referred to as "priming".
The Spectrum of Renal Diseases Associated with Drug Abuse.
Authors: G. Eknoyan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973The Spectrum of Renal Diseases Associated with Drug Abuse.G. Eknoyan, M.D., F.A.C.P., F. Gyorkey, M.D., C. Dichoso, M.D., S. Hyde, M.D., W. Suki, M.D., F.A.C.P., M. Martinez-Maldonado, M.D., F.A.C.P.G. Eknoyan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, F. Gyorkey, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. Dichoso, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, S. Hyde, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. Suki, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, M. Martinez-Maldonado, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-814_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRenal involvement in the drug addict has received little attention; it appears, however, to be more frequent than heretofore appreciated. We have studied 14 such patients presenting with three different clinical pictures. Group I consisted of five patients with bacterial endocarditis who presented with hematuria, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency; group II, four patients with viral hepatitis who presented with proteinuria (less than 2g/day) and reduced glomerula filtration rate; and group III, five patients without any underlying disease who developed massive proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Percutaneous renal biopsy showed the basic lesion to be focal increase in periodic acid-Schiff-positive material in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Houston, Texas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 814-814KeywordsAddictsBacterial diseasesBiopsyDrug abuseEndocarditisHepatitisLesionsProteinuriaRenal diseasesViral diseases Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Different HLA-D associations in adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P Stastny, C W Fink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

HLA-D typing was performed in 126 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. HLA-DW4, the antigen found in previous studies to characterize adult rheumatoid arthritis, had a significantly lower frequency in children with arthritis than in normal controls (P less than 0.04). By contrast, in children the antigens HLA-DW7 (P less than 0.03) and HLA-DW8 (P less than 0.01) were increased compared to controls. The antigen TMo, detected with homozygous typing cells from a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, was found to be related to the cross-reactive specificities HLA-DW7 and DW11. 46% of the patients with persistent pauciarticular arthritis of childhood typed for the antigen TMo, compared to only 1% of normal controls. Thus the relative risk for persistent pauciarticular arthritis in relation to the presence of TMo was 67.7 (P less than 0.0001). These results provide evidence of fundamental differences between adult rheumatoid arthritis and arthritis of childhood. The latter group appears to include a population distinguishable clinically and characterized in these studies by the HLA-D determinant TMo.
The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine
Authors: James Curran
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Huangdi Neijing (given the title The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Medicine in one of the latest translations) is an ancient treatise on health and disease said to have been written by the famous Chinese emperor Huangdi around 2600 BC. However, Huangdi is a semi-mythical figure, and the book probably dates from later, around 300 BC and may be a compilation of the writings of several authors. Whatever its origin, the book has proved influential as a reference work for practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine well into the modern era. The …
Comparison of addition of salmeterol to inhaled steroids with doubling of the dose of inhaled steroids.
Authors: A Woolcock, B Lundback, N Ringdal, L A Jacques
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

A study was done to compare the efficacy and safety of the coprescription of salmeterol 50 microgram twice daily or 100 microgram twice daily with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 500 micrograms twice daily (SALM 50 and SALM 100) with BDP 1,000 microgram twice daily (BDP 1,000) in patients with asthma not controlled by BDP 500 microgram twice daily (or the equivalent). Following a run-in period, 738 patients at 72 centers were randomized to treatment for 24 wk in a double-blind, parallel-group study during which they maintained a daily record of peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) and symptom scores. At about 40 of the centers, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to histamine was measured during and at 3 and 14 d after stopping treatment. Both groups taking salmeterol showed an improvement of more than 45 L/min in their morning PEFR and 30 L/min in their evening PEFR, compared with respective improvements of 16 L/min and 6 L/min in the group taking BDP 1,000. Both the SALM 50 and SALM 100 groups had a significantly increased percentage of symptom-free and rescue-free days and nights compared with the BDP 1,000 group, and there was no difference between the two salmeterol groups. None of the treatments altered BHR. Exacerbation rates did not differ among the three groups. We conclude that in this selected group of symptomatic patients taking BDP 500 micrograms twice daily, the addition of salmeterol provides better improvement in lung function and symptom control, without altering BHR or increasing exacerbation rates, than does doubling the dose of BDP.
Diet and Live: A Guide to Corrective Eating
Authors: M. THERESE SOUTHGATE
Journal: JAMA (1966)

It is generally agreed that, in spite of all our good-intentioned efforts to do something about it, there are nearly 80 million Americans who are several pounds overweight as of this moment. That represents a lot of megatons of food which could probably have best been distributed elsewhere. What is less well known, however, presumably because nobody writes jokes about<i>them</i>, is that some 13% of all Americans don't weigh enough. In Diet<i>and Live</i>, Joseph I. Goodman, MD, an internist from Cleveland, tries for a wide audience by directing his remarks to both groups of sinners—those who sin by omission and those who prefer to follow the more pleasurable commission way.<i>A Guide to Corrective Eating</i>is what he calls it, a somewhat unpalatable subtitle. The book is neatly balanced: five chapters on underweight, five chapters on overweight, and one each on children and teenagers, diabetes, and cholesterol. Calorie-counted
Still dissolving discs?
Authors: E C Cawte
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Our recent experience in San Francisco has been that intensive management of these small infants (500-1000 g birth weight) results in survival of more than 60 0 (see table ).Infants born outside the regional perinatal centre Neontatal mortality of infatnts of 500-1000 g birth zveio,ht admitted to intcnsivce care unit, San Francisco Children's Hovpital Inborni Outborn 'I'otal Year _ _