tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Four-and-a-Half LIM Domains Protein 2 Is a Coactivator of Wnt Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Szu-Yuan Li, Po-Hsun Huang, Der-Cherng Tarng, Tzu-Ping Lin, Wu-Chang Yang, Yen-Hwa Chang, An-Hang Yang, Chih-Ching Lin, Muh-Hwa Yang, Jaw-Wen Chen, Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein, Shu Chien, Pao-Hsien Chu, Shing-Jong Lin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular complication that leads to kidney dysfunction and ESRD, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Podocyte Wnt-pathway activation has been demonstrated to be a trigger mechanism for various proteinuric diseases. Notably, four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is highly expressed in urogenital systems and has been implicated in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Here, we used in vitro podocyte culture experiments and a streptozotocin-induced DKD model in FHL2 gene-knockout mice to determine the possible role of FHL2 in DKD and to clarify its association with the Wnt pathway. In human and mouse kidney tissues, FHL2 protein was abundantly expressed in podocytes but not in renal tubular cells. Treatment with high glucose or diabetes-related cytokines, including angiotensin II and TGF-β1, activated FHL2 protein and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cultured podocytes. This activation also upregulated FHL2 expression and promoted FHL2 translocation from cytosol to nucleus. Genetic deletion of the FHL2 gene mitigated the podocyte dedifferentiation caused by activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling under Wnt-On, but not under Wnt-Off, conditions. Diabetic FHL2(+/+) mice developed markedly increased albuminuria and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane compared with nondiabetic FHL2(+/+) mice. However, FHL2 knockout significantly attenuated these DKD-induced changes. Furthermore, kidney samples from patients with diabetes had a higher degree of FHL2 podocyte nuclear translocation, which was positively associated with albuminuria and progressive renal function deterioration. Therefore, we conclude that FHL2 has both structural and functional protein-protein interactions with β-catenin in the podocyte nucleus and that FHL2 protein inhibition can mitigate Wnt/β-catenin-induced podocytopathy.
Urinary Arsenic Metabolites in Children and Adults Exposed to Arsenic in Drinking Water in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Guifan Sun, Yuanyuan Xu, Xin Li, Yaping Jin, Bing Li, Xiance Sun
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

We report the concentrations and distributions of urinary arsenic (As) metabolites in 233 residents exposed to 20, 90, or 160 microg/L inorganic arsenic (iAs) in drinking water from three villages in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, that formed one control and two exposed groups.We used hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) to determine iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA).The concentrations of each urinary As species in the two exposed groups were significantly higher than in the control group for both children and adults. Both children and adults in exposed groups had higher percent iAs and MMA and lower percent DMA, and low primary and secondary methylation indices (PMI and SMI, respectively) than those in the control group. However, children showed significant increases in percent DMA and the SMI as well as decreases in the percent MMA when the iAs exposure level increased from 90 to 160 microg/L. In addition, children in the two exposed groups showed lower percent MMA but higher percent DMA and higher SMI than adults in the same exposed group. No significant differences in As metabolite concentrations and distributions were found between males and females in each group. A significant correlation was also found in the SMI between 11 pairs of children and their mothers from the 160-microg/L-exposed group.Children had higher a capacity for secondary methylation of As than adults when exposed to the same concentrations of iAs in drinking water. Exposure to As may increase the capacity for methylation in children to some extent.
Tin Anniversary of the Development of Live Virus Vaccine
Authors: Hilary Koprowski
Journal: JAMA (1960)

TEN YEARS ago we found that the oral administration of live attenuated poliovirus to a small group of nonimmune children gave rise to an asymptomatic intestinal infection, followed by the appearance of antibodies in the blood.<sup>1</sup>At the Second International Conference on Live Poliovirus Vaccines, held in Washington, D. C., June, 1960, reports were presented showing that over 60,000,000 people in many parts of the world have been given live attenuated poliovirus for immunization purposes. These two events frame a decade of progress in research, extending from a small and hopeful beginning to undertakings of present magnitude. The purpose of this paper is to examine the canvas within this frame—the background sketched in 1950 and the figures now occupying the foreground painted in during the rest of the decade. I shall be guided in this task by Salvador Dali's exemplary saying: "I do not paint a portrait to look
Electrophysiological Effects of Ibutilide in Patients With Accessory Pathways
Authors: Kathryn A. Glatter, Parvin C. Dorostkar, Yanfei Yang, Randall J. Lee, George F. Van Hare, Edmund Keung, Gunnard Modin, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may cause life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. We prospectively evaluated the effects of ibutilide on the conduction system in patients with accessory pathways (AP). Methods and Results In part I, we gave ibutilide to 22 patients (18 men, 31±13 years of age) who had AF during electrophysiology study, including 6 pediatric patients ≤18 years of age. Ibutilide terminated AF in 21 of 22 patients (95%) during or 8±5 minutes after infusion and prolonged the shortest preexcited R-R interval during AF. Successful ablation was performed in all patients. In part II, ibutilide was given to 18 patients (14 men, 28±21 years) to assess its effects on the AP and conduction system. Ibutilide prolonged the antegrade atrioventricular node effective refractory period (ERP) (from 252±60 to 303±70 ms; P &lt;0.02). Ibutilide caused transient loss of the delta wave in 1 patient and abolished inducible tachycardia in 2 patients, although retrograde mapping still allowed for successful AP ablation. The antegrade AP ERP prolonged from 275±40 to 320±60 ms ( P &lt;0.01), as did the antegrade AP block cycle length; the retrograde AP ERP and block cycle length similarly prolonged with ibutilide. The relative and effective refractory period of the His-Purkinje system increased in 61% of patients after ibutilide. There were no adverse side effects. Conclusions We report the use of ibutilide in terminating AP-mediated AF, including the first report in the pediatric population. Ibutilide prolonged refractoriness of the atrioventricular node, His-Purkinje system, and AP.
"FINIS" is not Final
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

"By far the most important part of objective knowledge," states Karl R. Popper,<sup>1</sup>"and the part that comprises the natural sciences, such as physics and physiology—is essentially conjectural or hypothetical in character; there simply are no sufficient reasons for holding these hypotheses to be true, let alone certainly true." The above statement reflects Popper's broader thesis that a theory often can be proved false, but never established as true with absolute certainty. A true hypothesis is at best an approximation to truth. Such an approximation is Newton's theory of gravitation, which has been superseded by another, closer-to-the-truth approximation in Einstein's general theory of relativity. When two theories compete for truth, it can only be said that one of them is preferred, rather than true. Nowhere is the soundness—"truth" is hardly the right word—of Popper's thesis more apparent than in medicine. We need not look far back to find hypotheses,
Zafirlukast in Asthma
Authors: Samy Suissa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 January 1998Zafirlukast in AsthmaSamy Suissa, PhD, Pierre Ernst, MD, and Rodolfo Dennis, MDSamy Suissa, PhDMcGill University; Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, CanadaUniversidad Javeriana; Bogota, ColombiaSearch for more papers by this author, Pierre Ernst, MDMcGill University; Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, CanadaUniversidad Javeriana; Bogota, ColombiaSearch for more papers by this author, and Rodolfo Dennis, MDMcGill University; Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, CanadaUniversidad Javeriana; Bogota, ColombiaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-1-199801010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Honig and colleagues note that our study protocol was considered “exploratory” when submitted to the FDA because, at the time, it did not have a statistical plan of analysis. Indeed, the larger study (study 0029), based on 762 patients in whom efficacy and safety outcomes were of primary interest, was the study submitted for approval. It contained all elements required by the FDA, including an a priori plan of data analysis. On the other hand, the subprotocol used for our study, applied to 150 of the 762 patients, intended rather to address outcomes of clinical and economic effectiveness. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Samy Suissa, PhD; Pierre Ernst, MD; Rodolfo Dennis, MDAffiliations: McGill University; Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, CanadaUniversidad Javeriana; Bogota, Colombia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1998Volume 128, Issue 1 Page: 71 Keywords Asthma Corticosteroid therapy Evidence based medicine Food and Drug Administration Leukotriene Peer review Prophylaxis Safety Safety studies ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
FUNCTIONAL OBSTRUCTION OF EFFERENT LOOP OF JEJUNUM FOLLOWING PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY
Authors: Ross Golden
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Subtotal or partial gastric resection is the routine for the majority of operable carcinomas of the stomach and, in the hands of some surgeons, is the operation of choice for intractable gastric or duodenal ulcer.1The operative mortality has steadily declined during the past two decades. Glenn and Harrison2reported one death in 100 consecutive cases of gastric resection for peptic ulcer in 1948. St. John and co-workers1noted a mortality of 4.6% in 394 cases of partial gastric resection for ulcer during the 10 years ending in 1945.  Along with operative mortality, the incidence of post-operative complications has diminished. This undoubtedly has resulted from better preparation of the patient for operation and better understanding of the pathological physiology resulting from the operative procedure.  One puzzling postoperative complication is an apparently functional obstruction of the efferent loop of jejunum. Repeated postoperative vomiting has been encountered in occasional
Increasing Expenditure on Health Care Incurred by Diabetic Subjects in a Developing Country
Authors: Ambady Ramachandran, Shobhana Ramachandran, Chamukuttan Snehalatha, Christina Augustine, Narayanasamy Murugesan, Vijay Viswanathan, Anil Kapur, Rhys Williams
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

This study aimed to assess the direct cost incurred by diabetic subjects who were in different income groups in urban and rural India, as well as to examine the changing trends of costs in the urban setting from 1998 to 2005.A total of 556 diabetic subjects from various urban and rural regions of seven Indian states were enrolled. A brief uniform coded questionnaire (24 items) on direct cost was used.Annual family income was higher in urban subjects (rupees [Rs] 100,000 or $2,273) than in the rural subjects (Rs 36,000 or $818) (P < 0.001). Total median expenditure on health care was Rs 10,000 ($227) in urban and Rs 6,260 ($142) in rural (P < 0.001) subjects. Treatment costs increased with duration of diabetes, presence of complications, hospitalization, surgery, insulin therapy, and urban setting. Lower-income groups spent a higher proportion of their income on diabetes care (urban poor 34% and rural poor 27%). After accounting for inflation, a secular increase of 113% was observed in the total expenses between 1998 and 2005 in the urban population. The highest increase in percentage of household income devoted to diabetes care was in the lowest economic group (34% of income in 1998 vs. 24.5% in 2005) (P < 0.01). There was a significant improvement in urban subjects in medical reimbursement from 2% (1998) to 21.3% (2005).Urban and rural diabetic subjects spend a large percentage of income on diabetes management. The economic burden on urban families in developing countries is rising, and the total direct cost has doubled from 1998 to 2005.
Iron Regulatory Proteins Secure Mitochondrial Iron Sufficiency and Function
Authors: Bruno Galy, Dunja Ferring-Appel, Sven W. Sauer, Sylvia Kaden, Saïd Lyoumi, Herve Puy, Stefan Kölker, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Matthias W. Hentze
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
General Paresis: Practical and Clinical.
Authors: Robert Howland Chase
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Induction by Glucocorticoids of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Production from Bovine Endothelial Cells in Culture and Rat Lung In Vivo
Authors: F. A. O. Mendelsohn, C. J. Lloyd, C. Kachel, J. W. Funder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The effect of corticosteroids on angiotensin converting enzyme was investigated in endothelial cell cultures and intact rat lung. Cultured endothelial cells from bovine aorta showed net production of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) over 2 d culture in serum-free medium. Dexamethasone (DM) increased cell ACE activity six- to sevenfold at 100 nM with a threshold effect at 0.3 nM. The effect of DM on ACE production was completely inhibited by actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and aldosterone were markedly less active, with a threshold near 100 nM and significant (two to threefold) stimulation of ACE activity at 1 μM. In cells incubated in the presence of 10 nM DM, DOC (10 μM) significantly inhibited ACE production compared with 10 nM DM alone, suggesting that DOC is a partial agonist/partial antagonist in this enzyme system. Protein content of cells or medium was unchanged by steroids at all doses used.
THE CONSERVATIVE AGENCY OF SHOCK.
Authors: H. G. WETHERILL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Until recently, the old notions and teachings of the cause and modus operandi of surgical shock have been little modified, notwithstanding the vague and uncertain theories upon which they were based. Literally, the term surgical shock has been applied to the condition of the body which is induced by severe injuries, operating through the nervous system, not attended with or produced by hemorrhage. Profound depression and even death may be so caused, but not commonly, and even when so produced, that it is serious because of the nervous disturbance alone can not be admitted, as the secondary circulatory disarrangement is the prominent symptom presented and is also the symptom which must be combatted with the greatest vigor if the life of the patient is to be saved. Few serious injuries or surgical operations, which are followed by so-called shock, are unattended by hemorrhage, external or concealed. The symptoms which such
Elevated serum L-selectin levels and abnormal regulation of L-selectin expression on leukocytes in atopic dermatitis: Soluble L-selectin levels indicate disease severity☆☆☆★
Authors: Yuka Shimada, Shinichi Sato, Minoru Hasegawa, Thomas F. Tedder, Kazuhiko Takehara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Glypicans: proteoglycans with a surprise
Authors: Jorge Filmus, Scott B. Selleck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The fact that membrane-bound heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate the activity of heparin-binding growth factor has been known for many years, but only during the last decade has the existence of two major families of membrane-bound HSPGs been established. One of these families, the glypicans, plays a critical a role in developmental morphogenesis. The interest in the study of glypicans has increased in the last few years as a result of the discovery that glypican-3 (GPC3) is mutated in an overgrowth and dysmorphic syndrome. The finding that GPC3 regulates body size was particularly surprising and suggested that this glypican may interact with signaling pathways that have not been traditionally associated with membrane-bound HSPGs. Here we will describe our current knowledge on the structure and function of glypicans. The involvement of these molecules in human pathologies will be discussed, including the different hypotheses with regard to the molecular basis of glypican function.
Minimally invasive treatments for benign prostatic enlargement: systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: T. Lourenco, R. Pickard, L. Vale, A. Grant, C. Fraser, G. MacLennan, J. N'Dow
Journal: BMJ (2008)

To compare the effectiveness and risk profile of minimally invasive interventions against the current standard of transurethral resection of the prostate.Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Electronic and paper records up to March 2006.We searched for all relevant randomised controlled trials. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality. Meta-analyses of prespecified outcomes were performed with fixed and random effects models and reported using relative risks or weighted mean difference.3794 abstracts were identified; 22 randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. These provided data on 2434 participants. The studies evaluated were of moderate to poor quality with small sample sizes. Minimally invasive interventions were less effective than transurethral resection of the prostate in terms of improvement in symptom scores and increase in urine flow rate, with most comparisons showing significance despite wide confidence intervals. Rates of reoperation were significantly higher for minimally invasive treatments. The risk profile of minimally invasive interventions was better than that of transurethral resection, with fewer adverse events. The results, however, showed significant heterogeneity.Which minimally invasive intervention is the most promising remains unclear. Their place in the management of benign prostate enlargement will continue to remain controversial until well designed and well reported randomised controlled trials following CONSORT guidelines prove they are superior and more cost effective than drug treatment, or that strategies of sequential surgical treatments are preferred by patients and are more cost effective than the more invasive but more effective tissue ablative interventions such as transurethral resection.
PLCG1 mutations in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Authors: José P. Vaqué, Gonzalo Gómez-López, Verónica Monsálvez, Ignacio Varela, Nerea Martínez, Cristina Pérez, Orlando Domínguez, Osvaldo Graña, José L. Rodríguez-Peralto, Socorro M. Rodríguez-Pinilla, Carmen González-Vela, Miriam Rubio-Camarillo, Esperanza Martín-Sánchez, David G. Pisano, Evangelia Papadavid, Theodora Papadaki, Luis Requena, José A. García-Marco, Miriam Méndez, Mariano Provencio, Mercedes Hospital, Dolores Suárez-Massa, Concepción Postigo, David San Segundo, Marcos López-Hoyos, Pablo L. Ortiz-Romero, Miguel A. Piris, Margarita Sánchez-Beato
Journal: Blood (2014)
Health Economic Analysis of Guideline and Gene Expression Signature-Based Risk Stratification of Distant Recurrence in Early Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: P.R. Blank, M. Schwenkglenks, P. Dubsky, M. Filipits, F. Gutzwiller, M.P. Lux, J. Brase, R. Kronenwett, T.D. Szucs, M. Gnant
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
"What Are You Going to Do With a 41-Year-Old Man?"
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
METHODS OF CONTROLLING HEMORRHAGE OF THE ORAL CAVITY.
Authors: H. E. BELDEN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

I have been asked to read a paper of interest to the medical as well as to the dental profession. The subject of the control of hemorrhage of the oral cavity may not be as important to the general practitioner as to the specialist, still, as the blood is the life fluid of the body, any suggestions to prevent its loss will, I think, be of interest to the profession at large, especially as the pathology and treatment of hemorrhage of the oral cavity do not differ materially from that of hemorrhage generally. Fortunately, the operator is usually able to control the hemorrhage, but when the hemorrhagic diathesis is met and diseases of the capillary system, such as purpura and conditions associated with jaundice, a much more serious and complicated state of affairs exists. The pathology of the hemorrhagic diathesis is not perfectly understood, and its actual cause can not