tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atheroma Curettage: An Idea Whose Time May Come as Several Devices Begin Trials
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ATHERECTOMY is akin to using a pipe-clearing plumber's snake on arteries and, as the word's morphologic derivations suggest, involves cutting away and removing arterial plaque. The term was coined about 3 1/2 years ago by John B. Simpson, MD, who was the first to perform the procedure at Sequoia Hospital in Redwood City, Calif. The device he uses, the Simpson atherectomy catheter, has a tip shaped like a bullet. One side of the casing is open. To remove atheromatous plaque, the catheter tip is positioned into the narrowing of the artery and a balloon is inflated to push the open side against the opposite wall. The plaque protrudes into the casing chamber. Then a razoredged cup is advanced through the chamber, shaving off the plaque and pushing the debris into the cone at the end of the tip. <h3>Six Devices in Prospect</h3> At least four different devices are currently in
Nationwide Tetanus Toxoid Immunization
Authors: Wesley Furste
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE THREAT of tetanus, with its high morbidity and mortality, is ever present. In these days of numerous automobile collisions, burns, the occasional airplane crash, and other accidents, deep wounds occur in which tetanus toxin can be produced. In addition to such nonmilitary accidents, there is now the fearful possibility of nuclear warfare with many thousands of casualties. Because of the effective prophylactic programs adopted by the general practitioner and the pediatrician, most children and young adults have now been actively immunized against tetanus, and, in the event of wounds, need only a booster dose of tetanus toxoid. As a result of army, navy, airforce, or other similar service, many young and middle-aged adults—both male and female—have likewise been actively immunized against this anerobic infection. Unfortunately, in contrast, middle-aged and younger persons who have not been in the military service, most older adults, and an occasional child have not been
Life threatening infections labelled swine flu
Authors: C. F Houlihan, S. Patel, D. A Price, M. Valappil, U. Schwab
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Algorithms for remote diagnosis and issue of antiviral drugs are indispensable during a pandemic.1 Their application through the National Pandemic Flu Service to both high and low prevalence areas is, however, controversial, and the lack of specificity in the use of the algorithm has been highlighted by Payne et al and at November’s …
P51 Group-based pulmonary rehabilitation delivered to the home via the internet--a feasibility study
Authors: D. J. Godden, J. Colligan, A. Aitken, A. Taylor
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Many patients cannot attend group-based pulmonary rehabilitation programmes due to remoteness from the clinic or transport problems. We describe a feasibility study of a novel method of delivering a programme via internet-based videoconferencing. <h3>Methods</h3> We re-boxed a mini PC in a simple case with a single large on/off button, which was connected to each patient9s home television and wired to the Internet, together with a web cam, speakerphone, and, where appropriate, a wireless pulse oximeter. The physiotherapist delivered the programme from a central location equipped with a desktop PC connected to the internet; web cam; speakerphone and 40-in. video screen. When patients turned on their mini PC and TV and switched to the video channel, they automatically joined the class. All patients and the physiotherapist were visible and audible on all TV screens, to create a group spirit. A supporting screen was added to the physiotherapist9s set-up to display patient names, exercise duration (30–60 s), pulse oximeter readings, and an exercise timer. A desktop video conferencing service was employed. A standard pulmonary rehabilitation exercise programme was delivered involving twice-weekly sessions for 8 weeks. Patients were assessed pre- and post-programme by Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and an incremental shuttle-walking test. Satisfaction was measured using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ). Results are expressed as mean (SD). Four patients aged 65–79 enrolled for this feasibility study, which was approved by the North of Scotland Research Ethics Service. <h3>Results</h3> All patients completed the programme. The technology performed well: one patient missed a single session due to a temporary problem connecting to the Internet. Clinical improvements occurred in all patients, comparable to those in a conventional programme. Compared to pre-programme values, there were improvements in: shuttle walking, 88 (35) m; CRQ dyspnoea 8 (5.2); emotion 2.8 (1); fatigue 5.3 (3.7) and mastery 4 (2.6). HADS anxiety and depression scores reduced in three of four patients. Satisfaction scores were high: CSQ values 29–32. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The system allowed delivery of effective group-based pulmonary rehabilitation to patients in their own homes and should improve accessibility for future patients. Larger studies are warranted.
HVJ-liposome mediated gene transfer into hepatocytes in vivo
Authors: Tadamichi Hirano, Jiro Fujimoto, Takahiro Ueki, Hidenao Yamamoto, Masaharu Takeuchi, Eizo Okamoto, Hiroshi Takahashi, Ryuichi Morisita, Yoshiki Sawa, Yasufumi Kaneda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Clinical Features of Genetic Hemochromatosis in Women Compared with Men
Authors: Romain Moirand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: The clinical expression of hemochromatosis is presumed to be less frequent and less severe in women than in men because of the iron loss associated with menses and pregnancy, but this hypothesis has not been validated. Objective: To compare the clinical features of women who have genetic hemochromatosis with those of men who have the disease. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary referral centers for hemochromatosis in France and Canada. Patients: 176 women and 176 men with hemochromatosis, matched for year of birth. Measurements: Age at presentation, clinical symptoms, transferrin saturation, serum ferritin level, hepatic iron concentration, and hepatic iron index. Results: Hepatic iron concentration and hepatic iron index were similar in men and women. Women had lower serum ferritin levels than men did (911 µg/L compared with 1911 µg/L; mean difference, 1000 µg/L [95% CI, 669 µg/L to 1331 µg/L]) and less iron removed by venesections (5.5 g and 8.6 g; mean difference, 3.1 g [CI, 1.5 g to 4.8 g]). Compared with women, men had a higher incidence of cirrhosis (25.6% and 13.8%; mean difference, 11.8 percentage points [CI, 3.2 to 20.4 percentage points]) and diabetes (15.9% and 7.4%; mean difference, 8.5 percentage points [CI, 1.9 to 5.2 percentage points]). Compared with men, women had a higher incidence of fatigue (64.8% and 42%; mean difference, −22.8 percentage points [CI, −32.9 to −12.5 percentage points]) and pigmentation (48% and 44.9%; mean difference, −13.1 percentage points [CI, −23.4 to 2.7 percentage points]). Hepatic iron concentration and hepatic iron index were greater in women in whom menstruation had stopped before 50 years of age. Serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation were normal in 6.2% of women and 0% of men. Conclusions: Women with genetic hemochromatosis can have full phenotypic expression of the disease, including cirrhosis. Recognizing the nonspecific nature of presenting symptoms in women is essential for early diagnosis and treatment.
Morphologic development of the pulmonary vascular bed in experimental coarctation of the aorta.
Authors: D L Levin, L J Mills, M Parkey
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Although electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy is considered common in newborn infants with coarctation of the aorta, the reason for this finding is not well established. Investigations of the pulmonary vascular bed of these infants have resulted in variable findings, probably due to the differences in morphometric techniques, coexisting cardiac defects, and variable postnatal age at time of death. To study more carefully the pulmonary vascular bed, we produced coarctation of the aorta in fetal lambs at 103--126 days gestation. Twelve to 32 days later the fetuses were reoperated on and systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, and arterial blood gas tensions were determined to be normal. At autopsy, juxtaductal coarctations extended a mean of 2.8 mm into the aortic lumen and occupied 9.5 mm of the aortic circumference. The fifth-generation pulmonary resistance vessels had increased medial width (p less than 0.01), decreased external diameter (p less than 0.001), and increased medial width/external diameter ratios (p less than 0.001) compared with vessels from control fetuses. The number of small muscular pulmonary vessels/cm2 lung tissue was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in the study animals compared with the control animals. These alterations of the pulmonary vascular bed were not due to fetal pulmonary arterial hypertension or fetal hypoxemia. These pulmonary vascular changes may explain the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in newborn infants with coarctation of the aorta.
Prognostic Value of Vasodilator Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Left Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: Hisham M. Wagdy, David Hodge, Timothy F. Christian, Todd D. Miller, Raymond J. Gibbons
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The prognostic value of tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging with dipyridamole or adenosine in patients with left bundle-branch block has not been established.The study group consisted of 245 patients with left bundle-branch block who underwent tomographic (single photon emission tomography) myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201 (n=173) or technetium-99m sestamibi (n=72) and either dipyridamole (n=153) or adenosine (n=92) stress. Patients were prospectively classified into two groups. Patients were classified as "high risk" if they had (1) a large severe fixed defect (n=28), (2) a large reversible defect (n=36), or (3) cardiac enlargement and either increased pulmonary uptake (thallium) or a decreased resting ejection fraction (sestamibi) (n=20). The remaining 161 patients (66% of the study group) were at "low risk." Follow-up was 99% complete at 3+/-1.4 years. Three-year overall survival was 57% in the high-risk group compared with 87% in the low-risk group (P<.0001). Survival free of cardiac death/nonfatal myocardial infarction/cardiac transplantation was 55% in the high-risk group and 93% in the low-risk group (P<.0001). The presence of a high-risk scan had significant incremental prognostic value after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, and previous myocardial infarction (P<.0001). Patients with a low-risk scan had an overall survival that was not significantly different from that of a US age-matched population (P=.86).Tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging with adenosine or dipyridamole stress provides important prognostic information in patients with left bundle-branch block, which is incremental to clinical assessment.
Antireceptor-Antibody Decline Without Improvement After Plasmapheresis in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Terrence L. Riley, W. P. Monaghan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1980Antireceptor-Antibody Decline Without Improvement After Plasmapheresis in Myasthenia GravisTERRENCE L. RILEY, M.D., W. P. MONAGHAN, PH.D.TERRENCE L. RILEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. P. MONAGHAN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-713_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Plasma exchange has become an accepted form of treatment for myasthenia gravis since Pinching and Peters first reported this approach in 1976 (1). Several studies have suggested that the clinical improvement after plasma exchange is due to a drop in circulating antireceptor antibody (2, 3). We recently treated by plasma exchange a myasthenic patient in whom a significant decline in antireceptor antibody was not accompanied by any clinical improvement.A 37-year-old woman had been treated for myasthenia for 10 years. Early in the course of her disease, a malignant thymoma had been removed via trans-sternal approach, and...References1. PINCHINGPETERS AD. Remission of myasthenia gravis following plasma exchange. Lancet. 1976;2:1373-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. DAULINDSTROMCASSELDENYSSHEVSPITLER PJCEEL. Plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy in myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:1134-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NEWSOM-DAVISPINCHINGVINCENTWILSON JAAS. Function of circulating antibody to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis: investigation by plasma exchange. Neurology (Minneap). 1978;28:266-72. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPlasmapheresis in Myasthenia Gravis. A surveyPlasmaexchange in Myasthenia GravisMyasthenia gravisEffect of prethymectomy plasma exchange on postoperative respiratory function in myasthenia gravisPlasma Exchange in Neurological Diseases: A Critical Approach 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 713-713KeywordsBlood plasmaMyasthenia gravisThymoma Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
BMJ Learning Foundation Programme
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

potentially useful for patients with poor blood pressure control who are taking three or more drugs.Using the guidelines outlined in this article and restricting the use of spironolactone to 25 mg, we have found the incidence of serious hyperkalaemia and substantial renal dysfunction to be low.By careful monitoring, however, we have also identified occasional serious cases of hyperkalaemia and stopped treatment before adverse events occurred.
T cells redirected against CD70 for the immunotherapy of CD70-positive malignancies
Authors: Donald R. Shaffer, Barbara Savoldo, Zhongzhen Yi, Kevin K. H. Chow, Sunitha Kakarla, David M. Spencer, Gianpietro Dotti, Meng-Fen Wu, Hao Liu, Shannon Kenney, Stephen Gottschalk
Journal: Blood (2011)
Nifuratel for trichomonal vaginitis.
Authors: S M Laird
Journal: BMJ (1970)

SIR,-Little seems to have been said about the position of the medical assistant if the Government's decisions on the Review Body's report take effect.A medical assistant must have spent at least two years as a registrar before appointment, and many will have been senior registrars.Yet it is now proposed that he should start at C2,415 when a second year registrar gets £2,472, a 3rd year registrar C2,616, and a first year senior registrar £2,760.Not only does a medical assistant give the benefit of more experience and takes less time off for study than the junior doctor but now he is to get substantially less pay for doing it.If the consultants' pay position demands action how much more does that of the medical assistant-and yet I have not even heard it mentioned.-Iam, etc.,
Overdose Fatality and Surveillance as a Method for Understanding Mortality Trends in Homeless Populations—Reply
Authors: Travis P. Baggett
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Allergy to Aspergillus-derived enzymes in the baking industry: Identification of β-xylosidase from Aspergillus niger as a new allergen (Asp n 14)
Authors: Ingrid Sander, Monika Raulf-Heimsoth, Christoph Siethoff, Christiane Lohaus, Helmut E. Meyer, Xaver Baur
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Aerobiological and immunochemical studies on <i>Carica papaya</i> L. pollen: an aeroallergen from India
Authors: P. Chakraborty, D. Ghosh, I. Chowdhury, I. Roy, S. Chatterjee, S. Chanda, S. Gupta‐Bhattacharya
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Carica papaya L. is a fruit yielding tree, wildly grown or cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. Its pollen grain has been reported to be airborne and cause immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated hypersensitivity. Objective: To conduct long‐term aerobiological study on Carica pollen, along with aeroallergenic particles originating from it and to identify vis‐à‐vis characterize an important IgE‐reactive component present in this pollen. Methods: The seasonal and diurnal periodicities of airborne C. papaya pollen were recorded in a 5‐year survey using a Burkard volumetric sampler. The allergenic potential was studied by skin prick tests, IgE‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and also by aeroallergen immunoblotting. The total pollen extract was fractionated by Sephacryl S‐200 column, and out of the eluted five fractions, the maximum IgE‐reactive fraction (as found in ELISA inhibition) was resolved into five major subfractions in reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). The subfraction with optimum IgE reactivity was studied by activity gel, native and nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The homogeneity of the isolated protein fraction was checked by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antisera and IgE reactivity was confirmed by ELISA inhibition and immunoblotting using individual patient sera. Results: The Carica pollen occurred in the air round the year with peaks during January and September–October. Among a patient population of 1000, skin‐test results showed 27.8% +1 level and 5.6% +2/+3 level reactions. In aeroallergen immunoblotting of exposed Burkard tape segments, the detected allergen spots showed a significant correlation with airborne pollen count recorded. The pollen extract elicited loss of IgE reactivity when treated with reducing agent‐like β ‐mercaptoethanol and heat, but showed six IgE‐reactive components in nonreducing IgE‐immunoblot. The fraction 1 eluted from Sephacryl S‐200 column showed highest IgE reactivity and resolved into five major components in RP‐HPLC. Out of these, the fraction showing optimum IgE reactivity in IgE‐ELISA inhibition and immunoblotting with patient antisera, elicited esterase activity and found to be a homogenous protein of 100 kDa. Conclusion: Carica papaya tree contributes significantly to the aeropollen and aeroallergen load of the suburban outskirts of Calcutta metropolis, India. The pollen extract contains an important IgE‐reactive protein component of 100 kDa molecular weight with esterase activity.
American Childhood: Risks and Realities
Authors: Joseph Greensher
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The author of this book describes herself as a medical geographer and epidemiologist who is seeking an answer to the question, "What is going on with American youth?" In the introduction a quick historical review reminds us that there has not always been agreement about who is a child or what constitutes childhood. It was not until the 1870s that protecting children became a societal responsibility, as the result of a court case brought by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Only at the end of World War II did children become the focus of the American family. They then began to benefit from an array of programs, such as day care, strengthened child labor laws, and food and job programs, yet the number of children in single-parent, female-headed households and the number of teenaged mothers and divorces increased. By the 1970s, the failing structure resulted
ACTH and prostaglandin receptors in human adrenocortical tumors. Apparent modification of a specific component of the ACTH-binding site.
Authors: J M Saez, A Dazord, D Gallet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The failure of certain adrenal tumors to respond to ACTH was investigated in vivo be administration of corticotropin-(1-24)-tetracosapeptide (ACTH1-24) and dexamethasone and in vitro by studying the binding properties of ACTH1-24 and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and their effect on adenylate cyclase activity of the tumors' crude membranes; in addition, in five cases the stimulation of cortisol production in isolated adrenal cells by both hormones and dibuttyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) was also studied. The results obtained in 13 hormone-producing tumors of the human adrenal cortex, i.e. 10 carcinomas and 3 adenomas, were compared with those found in normal human adrenal glands. According to the adenylate cyclase responses to ACTH1-24 and PGE1, the tumors fall into different categories. In the first group are six rumors in which the adenylate cyclase was stimulated by both ACTH1-24 and PGE; in addition specific binding could be demonstrated for the two hormones in all six. The binding affinity for 125I-ACTH1-24 was found to be about 10 times higher than that for 125I-ACTH11-24. In the one tumor in which the experiment was performed, bound 125I-ACTH1-24 was displaced by ACTH1-10. These results are similar to the ones found in normal human adrenal preparations. For two rumors of the group in which ACTH did not increase steroidogenesis in vivo, the biochemical abnormality might be located beyond cAMP formation. A second group encompasses six tumors in which the steroidogenesis in vivo and the adenylate cyclase activity were insensitive to ACTH1-24 but in which the enzyme was stimulated by PGE1 and NaF. However, these preparations bound 125I-ACTH1-24 and 125I-ACTH11-24, the binding affinity being similar for both peptides but 10 times lower than the one found in normal adrenal cortex for 125I-ACTH1-24. In the only case of this group where it was tested, ACTH1-10 did not displace bound 125I-ACTH1-24. This result strongly suggests the possibility of a modification or a loss of the receptor site that binds the N-terminal sequency (1-10) of ACTH, the biologically active part of the molecule. In the last tumor, both PGE1 and ACTH were unable to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity and steroid production in a preparation of isolated adrenal cells, although steroidogenesis was stimulated by dibutyryl though steroidogenesis was stimulated by dibutyryl cAMP. No specific binding for PGE1 could be demonstrated. However, 125I-ACTH1-24 and 125I-ACTH11-24 were found to be bound to the tumor with the same affinity.
Popper's <i>Severity of Test</i> as an intuitive probabilistic model of hypothesis testing
Authors: Fenna H. Poletiek
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Severity of Test (SoT) is an alternative to Popper's logical falsification that solves a number of problems of the logical view. It was presented by Popper himself in 1963. SoT is a less sophisticated probabilistic model of hypothesis testing than Oaksford &amp; Chater's (O&amp;C's) information gain model, but it has a number of striking similarities. Moreover, it captures the intuition of everyday hypothesis testing.