tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Public Report Cards — Cardiac Surgery and Beyond
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The debate about public report cards for physicians and hospitals never seems to end.1 Some praise report cards for their role in improving the quality of care, patient safety, and the choices of patients, referring physicians, and organizations that purchase health care. Others argue that such reports can have negative consequences — for example, if physicians or hospitals, in order to protect their rankings, avoid performing surgery on severely ill patients for whom surgical treatment might otherwise be recommended. Nonetheless, more and more data are being collected and released, although policies regarding the public availability of information vary widely. Thirty-seven . . .
Pentavalent Technetium-99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid SPECT of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Scalp and in the Brain
Authors: HISATAKA KOBAYASHI, HARUMI SAKAHARA, MAKOTO HOSONO, MAKOTO SHIRATO, JUNJI KONISHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors report marked accumulation of pentavalent technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid in metastatic tumors from a renal cell carcinoma in the brain and the scalp on brain SPECT images.
Abstract 422: Nanog promotes PI3K/Akt and mTOR-mediated invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Elham Rahimy, David Yi, Daniel Lew, Eric Abhold, Alan Kiang, Jessica Wang-Rodriguez, Weg Ongkeko
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) affects nearly 40,000 new patients annually in the United States with approximately 50% of these patients having a poor prognosis. Frequent metastasis of the primary tumor to nearby cervical lymph nodes and local critical structures poses a major problem in the treatment of HNSCC. To date, several molecular mediators of invasion and metastasis in HNSCC have been studied; however, with the emergence of the cancer stem cell hypothesis, other genes normally associated with self-renewal and pluripotency in stem cells would also need to be evaluated for their role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In the present study, we used various functional assays to determine the role of Nanog in HNSCC invasion and metastasis as well as identify the underlying pathway through which Nanog acts to regulate invasion and metastasis. We observed that Nanog overexpression increased invasion and cell migration in two cell lines (UMSCC-10B and UMSCC-22B) while Nanog knockdown using siRNA decreased invasion and cell migration in both cell lines and in a putative HNSCC cancer stem cell culture which expressed high levels of Nanog. Treatment with LY294002 or Rapamycin using doses that did not significantly affect cell viability and proliferation dramatically reversed both invasion and migration conferred by Nanog overexpression, indicating the effect is most likely dependent upon the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. By western blot, we found that Nanog-overexpressing cells expressed higher levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR compared to control cells or Nanog-knockdown cells, confirming regulation of Akt by Nanog. In addition, Nanog overexpression resulted in the induction of MMP-2/MMP-9 as well as EMT genes Snail, Vimentin, and Twist. This enhanced expression of EMT was consistent with the observed increased migration as demonstrated by a wound healing assay. Nanog regulation in a mouse model is currently under way to confirm our results in vivo. The results of our study support the possibility of screening for Nanog expression as a prognostic tool. Meanwhile, further efforts aimed at elucidating the signaling pathway between Nanog and Akt may reveal novel treatment targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 422. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-422
Assisted Suicide: Sheer Cliff or Clinical Reality?
Authors: Kay G. Holt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —It is with pride and some gratification that I read the Special Communication by Dr Quill. 1 As a practicing physician I have observed that for far too long our profession has avoided dealing directly with the ever-increasing problems associated with helping terminally ill patients in a truly humane fashion. The polarization that so often occurs between proponents and opponents of physician-assisted suicide is distressing and disappointing to physicians and of little value to our patients. Quill's carefully reasoned comments and his observations certainly reflect a more balanced approach to this very difficult area.  As a child and adolescent psychiatrist who initially worked in pediatric oncology, I have remained sensitive to the issues of terminal illness throughout my career. My interest and support of various organizations and individuals to try to further alleviate the suffering of so many patients often seemed to place me in a position
High Altitude Physiology Study
Authors: John W. Severinghaus
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>Going High: The Story of Man and Altitude,</h3> by Charles S. Houston, 211 pp, 35 illustrations by Gary Nelson, paper, $10, New York, American Alpine Club (Burlington, VT 05401 [77 Ledge Rd], Charles S. Houston, MD), 1980. The year 1980 marked the end of the studies of physiology of man conducted on a giant plateau at 5,250 m (17,500 ft) altitude on Mt Logan in the Canadian Yukon. The project, first suggested in 1966 by Walter Wood and backed by his colleagues in the Arctic Institute of North America, was directed throughout by Charles S. Houston, a physicianclimber with a 40-year career in high-altitude research. The project was supported mostly by the National Institutes of Health, and considerably by the Canadian Armed Forces. The collected papers, all published elsewhere between 1970 and 1980, are assembled in<i>High Altitude Physiology Study</i>with a preface by Wood, a history of this project
Repolarization Alternans Reveals Vulnerability to Human Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sanjiv M. Narayan, Michael R. Franz, Paul Clopton, Etienne J. Pruvot, David E. Krummen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The substrates for human atrial fibrillation (AF) are poorly understood, but involve abnormal repolarization (action potential duration [APD]). We hypothesized that beat-to-beat oscillations in APD may explain AF substrates, and why vulnerability to AF forms a spectrum from control subjects without AF to patients with paroxysmal then persistent AF.In 33 subjects (12 with persistent AF, 13 with paroxysmal AF, and 8 controls without AF), we recorded left (n=33) and right (n=6) atrial APD on pacing from cycle lengths 600 to 500 ms (100 to 120 bpm) up to the point where AF initiated. Action potential duration alternans required progressively faster rates for patients with persistent AF, patients with paroxysmal AF, and controls (cycle length 411±94 versus 372±72 versus 218±33 ms; P<0.01). In AF patients, APD alternans occurred at rates as slow as 100 to 120 bpm, unrelated to APD restitution (P>0.10). In this milieu, spontaneous ectopy initiated AF. At fast rates, APD alternans disorganized to complex oscillations en route to AF. Complex oscillations also arose at progressively faster rates for persistent AF, paroxysmal AF, and controls (cycle length: 316±99 versus 266±19 versus 177±16 ms; P=0.02). In paroxysmal AF, APD oscillations amplified before AF (P<0.001). In controls, APD alternans arose only at very fast rates (cycle length <250 ms; P<0.001 versus AF groups) just preceding AF. In 4 AF patients in whom rapid pacing did not initiate AF, APD alternans arose transiently then extinguished.Atrial APD alternans reveals dynamic substrates for AF, arising most readily (at lower rates and higher magnitudes) in persistent AF then paroxysmal AF, and least readily in controls. APD alternans preceded all AF episodes and was absent when AF did not initiate. The cellular mechanisms for APD alternans near resting heart rates require definition.
Israelis turn to timer device to facilitate passive euthanasia
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A response delayed by a timer attached to a patient's ventilator will solve the Israeli government's wish to introduce passive euthanasia for terminally ill people and to allow them to die with dignity.

A government bill setting down the process of passive euthanasia and safeguards to prevent abuse has been passed for its final reading by the labour, social affairs, and health committee of the country's Knesset (parliament). The full parliament is expected to approve the bill soon.

The bill was six years in the making and is the culmination of two years of work by a public committee of 58 members, including doctors, nurses, scientists, medical ethicists, social …
TCT-84 Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Atrial Fibrillation Patients 75 years or Greater; A Sub-Analysis of the PROTECT AF Study
Authors: Saibal Kar, Shephal Doshi, David Holmes, Sven Mobius-Winkler, Vivek Reddy, Gerhard Schuler, Peter Sick, Horst Sievert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
It’s the Thought That Counts
Authors: Frederick J. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE USE OF METHYLENE BLUE TO TERMINATE AN ANTABUSE-ALCOHOL REACTION
Authors: JACKSON A. SMITH, W. RUGLEY LIVESAY, DON W. CHAPMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

The reported ability of methylene blue to reactivate xanthine oxidase inhibited by antabuse in vitro has been tried clinically as a means of terminating an antabuse-alcohol reaction. Although there was some subjective relief in 2 patients following the intravenous injection of methylene blue, there was no objective evidence of its altering the antabuse-alcohol reaction in the amounts given. From these results, it seems unlikely that xanthine oxidase is of major importance in acetaldehyde metabolism in vivo; or else methylene blue in this dosage is unable to overcome the inhibition brought about by antabuse, if such an inhibition of xanthine oxidase occurs in the patient.
Spirochaetes and their twisted ways
Authors: V. K. Viswanathan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Biological systematists have had a long tradition of encountering organisms that are not quite what they seem to be. Among the microbes, horizontal gene transfer and evolutionary pressures result in organisms that have distinguished themselves from their closest relatives. The recent analyses of several Spirochetes reveal members that are not spiral shaped, and ones that appear to have extensively acquired genetic material from phylogenetically distant, but environmentally proximate, organisms.
International AIDS relief stagnated in 2009
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Funding from governments of rich countries for HIV and AIDS programmes in countries hardest hit by the epidemic essentially remained the same from 2008 to 2009, says the latest annual report on AIDS funding by the US charity the Kaiser Family Foundation and UNAIDS (the joint United Nations programme on HIV and AIDS).

The fall in the amount of funds disbursed—from $7.7bn (£5bn; €6bn) to $7.6bn—was attributed to the global economic crisis. Currency fluctuations and reporting cycles make it difficult to determine whether this change represented an actual decline in spending. It came …
Is chronic synovitis an example of reperfusion injury?
Authors: T Woodruff, D R Blake, J Freeman, F J Andrews, P Salt, J Lunec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

In an attempt to define why the joint synovial cavity is prone to develop persistent synovial inflammation we show that hypoxia is induced by pressure changes caused by exercise in the presence of an inflammatory effusion. On resting 'reperfusion injury' may take place. The biochemistry of reperfusion injury has only recently been defined and perhaps surprisingly for an insult that has hypoxia as its central ingredient involves the subsequent production of oxygen derived free radical species. We apply the reaction sequences that are believed to occur during hypoxic/reperfusion injury to the joint synovial cavity and, on the basis of reported 'in vivo' observations, suggest novel therapeutic approaches that we believe are applicable to the treatment of persistent synovial inflammation.
Book Review Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach Edited by Joseph T. DiPiro, Robert L. Talbert, Gary C. Yee, Gary R. Matzke, Barbara G. Wells, and L. Michael Posey. 2440 pp., illustrated. Stamford, Conn., Appleton &amp; Lange, 1999. $150. 0-8385-7691-5
Authors: Jeffrey K. Aronson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)
High-risk clinical features predict enhanced post-infarction myocardial apoptosis and the need to achieve infarct-related artery patency
Authors: Antonio Abbate, Giuseppe G. Biondi-Zoccai, Rossana Bussani, Debora Camilot, Alessandro Petrolini, Furio Silvestri, Luigi M. Biasucci, Alfonso Baldi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 4352: Down regulation of retinoblastoma protein expressionimpedes the antileukemic activity of erufosine.
Authors: Maya M. Zaharieva, Milen Kirilov, Minquang Chai, Stefan M. Berger, Spiro M. Konstantinov, Martin R. Berger
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Erufosine is a new antineoplastic agent from the class of alkylphosphocholines, which interferes with AKT phosphorylation, the related signal transduction and confers apoptosis. An improved understanding of its mode of action is important for its potential clinical application. The present study demonstrates that erufosine's antileukemic efficacy is related to the level of cellular retinoblastoma (Rb) protein expression. Stable Rb-knockdown in SKW-3 leukemia T-cells was induced by lentiviral delivery of constructs expressing short-hairpin-RNA species with 21 or 27 bp lengths. The cytotoxicity of erufosine was tested via MTT proliferation test on thus engineered cell populations with reduced Rb expression levels. Likewise, the clonogenicity of these engineered cell populations was determined by CFU assay before and after treatment with erufosine. The effects on cell cycle were investigated by FACS analysis. The expression of signal transduction factors was examined by RT-PCR and immunoblot. The Rb protein expression levels in the shRNA-transduced cells ranged from 1%- 36% of wild type or nonsense control. Low Rb expression correlated with significantly diminished antiproliferative and anticlonogenic activities of erufosine (p&amp;lt;0.05) at concentrations near and above the IC50. Erufosine induced a G2 arrest, and complete Rb-deficiency aggravated this condition. With regard to proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis induction, Rb-deficiency reduced the expression of cyclin D3, that of the subsequently regulated kinase Cdk 4 and activated caspases 3 and 9, followed by PARP-cleavage. In partial variance, erufosine reduced cyclin D3 at RNA and protein levels, but affected not or only slightly the expression of its partner kinase Cdk 4. Rb-knockdown impaired the cytotoxic effect of erufosine significantly and contributed to the formation of a resistant cell fraction. It is concluded that Rb is a main mediator of erufosine's antileukemic activity and this suggests that the effect of the drug in patients might be predicted by determining the Rb expression status. Citation Format: Maya M. Zaharieva, Milen Kirilov, Minquang Chai, Stefan M. Berger, Spiro M. Konstantinov, Martin R. Berger. Down regulation of retinoblastoma protein expressionimpedes the antileukemic activity of erufosine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4352. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4352
Reduced autobiographical memory specificity, avoidance, and repression
Authors: Dirk Hermans, Filip Raes, Carlos Iberico, J. Mark G. Williams
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Recent empirical work indicates that reduced autobiographical memory specificity can act as an avoidant processing style. By truncating the memory search before specific elements of traumatic memories are accessed, one can ward off the affective impact of negative reminiscences. This avoidant processing style can be viewed as an instance of what Erdelyi describes as the “subtractive” class of repressive processes.
A stay in a central Soviet hospital.
Authors: L W Lauste
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A trial of oral propranolol as a hypotensive agent was designed to provide adequate treatment periods. Twenty-eight patients with essential hypertension, with a mean blood pressure of 190/111 mm. Hg, were controlled on 120-320 mg. of propranolol daily. Their mean treated blood pressure was 153/91. They then entered, on a randomized and double-blind basis, a cross-over trial of two 16-week periods, blood pressure being measured fortnightly. Propranolol caused a statistically significant fall in blood pressure when compared with placebo. When propranolol was withdrawn blood pressures rapidly rose to hypertensive levels, though not to untreated levels. No postural hypotension was found, but a small change in blood pressure levels on exercise was noted.
Conflicting guidelines on same topics cause doctors confusion, say MPs
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Clinicians in England and Wales are confused when different sets of guidelines are published at the same time on the same topic, a parliamentary committee heard at an inquiry into the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

Richard Taylor, MP, health select committee member, said that for two topics NICE and the Department of Health had recently published recommendations one soon after the other. One was about venous thromboembolism and the other on the use of alcohol in pregnancy.

NICE's clinical guidelines on the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients having orthopaedic surgery and the Department of Health's report of the independent expert working group on the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to hospital …
Humoral Immune Response to Mesothelin in Mesothelioma and Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Mitchell Ho, Raffit Hassan, Jingli Zhang, Qing-cheng Wang, Masanori Onda, Tapan Bera, Ira Pastan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Mesothelin is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein present on the cell surface. Mesothelin is a differentiation antigen that is highly expressed on mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The existence of a spontaneous humoral immune response to mesothelin in humans has not been fully studied. Here we addressed the issue of whether mesothelin elicits a humoral immune response in patients with mesothelioma and ovarian cancer.Using an ELISA, we analyzed immunoglobulin G antibodies specific for mesothelin in sera from patients with mesothelioma and epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumor specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry for mesothelin protein expression.Elevated levels of mesothelin-specific antibodies were detected in the sera of 39.1% of patients with mesothelioma (27 of 69 patients) and 41.7% with epithelial ovarian cancer (10 of 24 patients) when compared with a normal control population (44 blood donors; P < 0.01 for both mesothelioma and ovarian cancer). We also found that 53% to 56% of patients with mesothelin immunostaining-positive mesothelioma and ovarian cancer had antibodies specific for mesothelin, whereas only 0% to 8% of patients with negative mesothelin immunostaining had detectable mesothelin-specific antibodies (chi(2) test: P < 0.01 for mesothelioma and P = 0.025 for ovarian cancer).Our findings indicate that mesothelin is a new tumor antigen in patients with mesothelioma and ovarian cancer and the immunogenicity of mesothelin is associated with its high expression on the tumor cells. Mesothelin represents an excellent target for immune-based therapies.
UK will ban tobacco advertisements by December
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Circumscribed lesions were made within either the corticospinal tract or the ascending dorsal column tracts at the upper cervical level in adult rats. The responses of the tract axons were studied by orthograde transport from injections of horseradish peroxidase or biocytin. At 2 d, the ends of the cut axons were swollen, and the lesions induced en passant varicosities in the adjacent uncut axons. Although there have been reports of retraction, we found that even after several weeks, large numbers of cut axons still persisted in the central lesion area (where there was complete tissue destruction and intense macrophage infiltration), and also in the adjacent regions of the tract. The cut ends were expanded into a variety of shapes--large, complex, bulbous, and recurved--and many had profuse local branches with or without small, terminal-type varicosities. A suspension of Schwann cells cultured from neonatal sciatic nerve was injected by a minimally traumatic air pressure microinjection technique so as to form a bolus, comparable in size to the lesions, in either the corticospinal or the ascending dorsal column tracts at the upper cervical level. Despite previous findings that corticospinal axons do not elongate into peripheral nerve grafts, we found that both corticospinal and ascending dorsal column axons sprouted in response to contact with the transplanted Schwann cells. The response to the Schwann cells was much more rapid than to the lesions. By 2 d, in both descending and ascending tracts, both the axons that had been severed at the time of injection and also the adjacent uncut axons had already given rise to the branches that (unlike the localized sprouting seen after the long- term lesions) extended for considerable distances parallel to and fasciculating with each other and with the uncut tract axons. In addition, a mass of fine, tortuous, varicose branches invaded the superficial parts of the Schwann cell grafts, where they formed aborizations with small bead-like expansions resembling presynaptic boutons; as in their normal terminal fields, the aborizations formed by the corticospinal axons were smaller and finer than those formed by the ascending axons.