tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparing studies for cost effectiveness of screening
Authors: S. Thompson, L. Kim, L. Gao
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Ehlers and colleagues conclude from their long term modelling study that screening men aged 65 for abdominal aortic aneurysm is not cost effective.1 This conclusion conflicts with that of the 10 year follow-up of the randomised Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS),2 our detailed long term modelling based on individual patient data in MASS,3 4 and other recent modelling studies.

To …
Effectiveness of a novel endoscopy training concept
Authors: M. Götzberger, T. Rösch, S. Geisenhof, V. Gülberg, W. Schmitt, G. Niemann, V. Kopp, S. Faiss, W. Heldwein, M. Fischer
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background and study aims: Training standards in gastrointestinal endoscopy are poorly defined even though different simulators are increasingly used for skills training. In 2001 a new training concept called “GATE – gastroenterological education – training endoscopy” was established, which provides a combination of background theory, video demonstrations, and simulator training. We aimed to evaluate the acceptance and training effect of this training model.
Cetirizine and astemizole therapy for chronic idiopathic urticaria: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative trial
Authors: Debra Breneman, Edwin A Bronsky, Suzanne Bruce, James T Kalivas, Gerald L Klein, Harry L Roth, Michael D Tharp, Calvin Treger, Nicholas Soter
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)

Background: Cetirizine and astemizole have been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Cetirizine brings about clinical benefit more rapidly. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of single daily doses of cetirizine and astemizole in relieving the symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria, with particular emphasis on the commencement of action. Methods: Patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria were randomly assigned to relieve either 10 mg of cetirizine, 10 mg of astemizole, or placebo for 4 weeks in a multicenter doubleblind trial. Patients rated symptom severity each night, and investigators rated symptoms weekly. Results: One hundred eighty-seven patients were enrolled in the trial; 180 were included in the safety analysis and 177 were included in at least one efficacy analysis. Both cetirizine and astemizole were significantly superior to placebo in relieving symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria. Both patients' and investigators' ratings indicated that cetirizine acted more rapidly. Both active treatments were well tolerated, and the incidence of somnolence did not differ statistically between cetirizine (14.5%) and astemizole (10.3%). Conclusion: Both cetirizine and astemizole provide effective relief of the symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria with similar side-effect profiles. However, clinical benefit occurs significantly more rapidly with cetirizine.
Methylmalonate Excretion in a Patient with Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Lewis A. Barness, Diana Young, William J. Mellman, S. Benham Kahn, William J. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

METHYLMALONIC acid is excreted in large amounts by rats,1 especially in those in which liver necrosis develops.2 Its excretion in human metabolism has not been established. Since vitamin B12 has been found to be essential, in vitro, for the isomerization of methylmalonate to succinate3 4 5 the urine of a patient with primary pernicious anemia was examined for the presence of methylmalonate. Methylmalonic acid was found in large quantities.Case ReportH.G., a 69-year-old man, was admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania on April 16, 1962. In 1941 a gastric analysis revealed achlorhydria. In 1959 he was treated . . .
Iron Reduction and Cardiovascular Outcomes—Reply
Authors: Leo R. Zacharski, Bruce K. Chow
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Animal Activists Demonstrate at NIH
Authors: J. Glover
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Animal Activists Demonstrate at NIH Get access Janet Glover Janet Glover Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 11, 6 June 1990, Page 905, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.11.905 Published: 06 June 1990
Progression of RAS-Mutant Leukemia during RAF Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Margaret K. Callahan, Raajit Rampal, James J. Harding, Virginia M. Klimek, Young Rock Chung, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D. Wolchok, David B. Solit, Neal Rosen, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Ross L. Levine, Paul B. Chapman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Sum m a r yVemurafenib, a selective RAF inhibitor, extends survival among patients with BRAF V600E-mutant melanoma.Vemurafenib inhibits ERK signaling in BRAF V600Emutant cells but activates ERK signaling in BRAF wild-type cells.This paradoxical activation of ERK signaling is the mechanistic basis for the development of RASmutant squamous-cell skin cancers in patients treated with RAF inhibitors.We report the accelerated growth of a previously unsuspected RAS-mutant leukemia in a patient with melanoma who was receiving vemurafenib.Exposure to vemurafenib induced hyperactivation of ERK signaling and proliferation of the leukemic cell population, an effect that was reversed on drug withdrawal.
Differential effects of donor and recipient IL28B and DDX58 SNPs on severity of HCV after liver transplantation
Authors: Scott W. Biggins, James Trotter, Jane Gralla, James R. Burton, Kiran M. Bambha, Jennifer Dodge, Megan Brocato, Linling Cheng, Matt McQueen, Lisa Forman, Michael Chang, Igal Kam, Gregory Everson, Richard A. Spritz, Goran Klintmalm, Hugo R. Rosen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of lung cancer: the epidemiological evidence
Authors: J Tredaniel, P Boffetta, R Saracci, A Hirsch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Exposure of nonsmokers to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is widespread in European countries, the most serious exposures occurring at home and in the workplace. Epidemiological studies available up to 1986 have been reviewed by several international and national authorities, which agreed in concluding that ETS exposure is causally related to lung cancer. A number of epidemiological studies have been published since then, and have confirmed this association. The possibility of positive results due to bias has been envisaged; it seems, however, that such bias could not explain the whole excess of lung cancer. Few data are available on confounders, such as diet and previous history of lung disease, that might be responsible for the association; however, there is no evidence that they play an important role. Moreover, the biological plausibility of a causal association is supported by the similarity of the composition of ETS and active smoke. The causal association between ETS exposure and lung cancer now seems well-established; however, its public health impact is still debated. Estimates are available from the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and England.
Natural Sphingadienes Inhibit Akt-Dependent Signaling and Prevent Intestinal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Henrik Fyrst, Babak Oskouian, Padmavathi Bandhuvula, Yaqiong Gong, Hoe Sup Byun, Robert Bittman, Andrew R. Lee, Julie D. Saba
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Sphingolipid metabolites regulate cell proliferation, migration, and stress responses. Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism have been proposed to contribute to carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and drug resistance. We identified a family of natural sphingolipids called sphingadienes and investigated their effects in colon cancer. We find that sphingadienes induce colon cancer cell death in vitro and prevent intestinal tumorigenesis in vivo. Sphingadienes exert their influence by blocking Akt translocation from the cytosol to the membrane, thereby inhibiting protein translation and promoting apoptosis and autophagy. Sphingadienes are orally available, are slowly metabolized through the sphingolipid degradative pathway, and show limited short-term toxicity. Thus, sphingadienes represent a new class of therapeutic and/or chemopreventive agents that blocks Akt signaling in neoplastic and preneoplastic cells.
A New Method for Constant Plasma Drug Concentrations: Application to Lidocaine
Authors: J. G. RIDDELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Optimal intravenous drug therapy often requires the rapid achievement and maintenance of therapeutic plasma drug concentrations. Simple regimens (single bolus and maintenance infusion) can produce wide variations in plasma drug concentrations early in therapy, and more complex regimens require a series of precisely timed infusion rate changes to minimize such variability. A new simple method of delivering an infusion produces a delivery rate that declines exponentially, thereby providing stable plasma concentrations after a bolus dose. The method requires no specialized equipment and no intervention once started. The method has been tested both ex vivo and in normal volunteers receiving lidocaine. Stable lidocaine plasma concentrations are rapidly achieved and maintained within the therapeutic range. Further evaluation of this approach in patients is indicated.
Advancing the rationality debate
Authors: Keith E. Stanovich, Richard F. West
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

In this response, we clarify several misunderstandings of the understanding/acceptance principle and defend our specific operationalization of that principle. We reiterate the importance of addressing the problem of rational task construal and we elaborate the notion of computational limitations contained in our target article. Our concept of thinking dispositions as variable intentional-level styles of epistemic and behavioral regulation is explained, as is its relation to the rationality debate. Many of the suggestions of the commentators for elaborating two-process models are easily integrated into our generic dual-process account. We further explicate how we view the relation between System 1 and System 2 and evolutionary and normative rationality. We clarify our attempt to fuse the contributions of the cognitive ecologists with the insights of the original heuristics and biases researchers.
Ivor Ernest Doney
Authors: T. Lavelle
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The responses in soil conditions, vine growth, and physiological, yield, and composition components of cv. Nero di Troia to the application of synthetic and organic mulches were studied for two years (2006–2007 and 2007–2008). The effects of the application in the vine rows of two synthetic mulches (geotextile as polypropylene and black polyethylene) and an organic mulch (exhausted olive pomace 3- and 6-cm thick) were compared to a control (weed mowing) in an organic vineyard. Throughout the trial, we conducted soil and leaf analyses, weed surveys, and phytotoxicity tests and measured vegetative activity, leaf gas exchange and water status, yield, and composition components. The exhausted olive pomace showed positive effects on some soil fertility variables and on vine physiology (stomatal conductance, transpiration, and net assimilation). Black polyethylene and geotextile provided good control of the weeds, especially in the first year, but positive results were also obtained with the exhausted olive pomace. Yield and composition components of grape were unaffected by any of the organic and synthetic mulches compared to weed mowing. The exhausted olive pomace provided good control of weeds, improved the fertility of the soil, and could be acceptable in terms of sustainability. The mode of action of the exhausted olive pomace was both physical and phytochemical through the release of phytotoxic compounds.
High-Resolution Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array Analysis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Reveals Numerous Microdeletions and Amplifications
Authors: Kylie L. Gorringe, Sharoni Jacobs, Ella R. Thompson, Anita Sridhar, Wen Qiu, David Y.H. Choong, Ian G. Campbell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Genetic changes in sporadic ovarian cancer are relatively poorly characterized compared with other tumor types. We have evaluated the use of high-resolution whole genome arrays for the genetic profiling of epithelial ovarian cancer.We have evaluated 31 primary ovarian cancers and matched normal DNA for loss of heterozygosity and copy number alterations using 500 K single nucleotide polymorphism arrays.In addition to identifying the expected large-scale genomic copy number changes, >380 small regions of copy number gain or loss (<500 kb) were identified among the 31 tumors, including 33 regions of high-level gain (>5 copies) and 27 homozygous deletions. The existence of such a high frequency of small regions exhibiting copy number alterations had not been previously suspected because earlier genomic array platforms lacked comparable resolution. Interestingly, many of these regions harbor known cancer genes. For example, one tumor harbored a 350-kb high-level amplification centered on FGFR1 and three tumors showed regions of homozygous loss 109 to 216 kb in size involving the RB1 tumor suppressor gene only.These data suggest that novel cancer genes may be located within the other identified small regions of copy number alteration. Analysis of the number of copy number breakpoints and the distribution of the small regions of copy number change indicate high levels of structural chromosomal genetic instability in ovarian cancer.
In-vitro Inhibition of Leucocyte Migration in Crohn's Disease by a Sarcoid Spleen Suspension
Authors: J. M. T. Willoughby, D. N. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A Kveim suspension has been shown to inhibit the migration of leucocytes in vitro from 12 out of 18 patients with Crohn's disease but to have no comparable effect on leucocytes from patients with ulcerative colitis or from a group of patients with other diseases. These findings provide further evidence of cross-reactivity or of a possible aetiological link between Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis and suggest a further immunological distinction between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Abstract 3650: Serous ovarian carcinoma patients with high alpha-folate receptor had poorer outcome by reducing cytotoxic chemo-response through anti-apoptotic pathway
Authors: Ching-Ting Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Ming-Cheng Chang, Chia-Yen Huang, Ying-Cheng Chiang, Wen-Fang Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The alpha-folate receptor (α-FR) is highly expressed in various non-mucinous tumors of epithelial origin, including ovarian carcinoma. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions for α-FR expression were performed in 91 specimens of serous ovarian carcinomas. Furthermore, in vitro apoptotic experiments were tested in the original OVCAR-3 tumor cells and various OVCAR-3 α-FR-transfectants. In our study, the serous ovarian cancer patients with advanced stages (stage I: 0.451, stage II: 0.415, stage III: 0.652, stage IV: 0.768, p=0.004) had a significantly higher α-FR expression compared to those with early stages. Patients with an increased α-FR expression level had poorer responses to chemotherapy (odds ratio (OR): 8.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-57.36), p=0.021). An increased α-FR expression level was an independently poor prognostic factor for DFI (Hazard ratio (HR): 2.45 (95% CI: 1.16-5.18), p=0.02) and had a negative impact on OS of these serous ovarian cancer patients (HR: 3.6 (95% CI: 0.93-13.29), p =0.03) by multivariate analyses. α-FR inhibited cytotoxic drug-induced apoptosis in our in vitro apoptotic assays. α-FR could induce chemo-resistance via regulating the expression of apoptosis-related molecules, Bcl-2 and Bax. Therefore, α-FR can be a potential biomarker for the prediction of chemotherapeutic responses and clinical prognosis. It also could be the target of treating ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3650. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3650
Effect of selective screening for gestational diabetes.
Authors: C B Williams, S Iqbal, C M Zawacki, D Yu, M B Brown, W H Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To estimate the percentage of pregnant women who would not be screened and the percentage of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who would possibly remain undiagnosed if the American Diabetes Association's (ADA's) new selective screening recommendations are used rather than universal screening for GDM.Since 1987, the University of Michigan Health System has performed universal screening for GDM. In 1997, the ADA recommended that women having all four of the following characteristics need not be screened: age < 25 years, not members of an ethnic/racial group with a high prevalence of diabetes, normal body weight, and no family history of diabetes. We studied a random sample of the 25,118 deliveries at the University of Michigan between 1987 and 1997 to determine the prevalence of these four characteristics in our obstetric population. We also studied the prevalence of these four characteristics in 200 women who were diagnosed with GDM in the Endocrine Testing Unit and delivered at the University of Michigan between 1987 and 1997.Approximately 10-11% of women who delivered possessed all four low-risk characteristics and would not have been screened for GDM according to the new ADA recommendations. Only 4% of women (5 of 141) with GDM who delivered and for whom data on all four characteristics were reported possessed all four low-risk characteristics and would not have been screened.If the new ADA selective screening recommendations are used, few women with GDM will be missed (4%) but approximately 90% of pregnant women will still need to be screened for GDM.
A Phylogenetic Mixture Model for Gene Family Loss in Parasitic Bacteria
Authors: Matthew Spencer, Ajanthah Sangaralingam
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Gene families are frequently gained and lost from prokaryotic genomes. It is widely believed that the rate of loss was accelerated for some but not all gene families in lineages that became parasites or endosymbionts. This leads to a form of heterotachy that may be responsible for the poor performance of phylogeny estimation based on gene content. We describe a mixture model that accounts for this heterotachy. We show that this model fits data on the distribution of gene families across bacteria from the COG database much better than previous models. However, it still favors an artifactual tree topology in which parasites form a clade over the more plausible 16S topology. In contrast to a previous model of genome dynamics, our model suggests that the ancestral bacterium had a small genome. We suggest that models of gene family gain and loss are likely to be more useful for understanding genome dynamics than for estimating phylogenetic trees.
AT-42 * FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF LOW-GRADE GLIOMA
Authors: K. Moriya, M. Nitta, T. Maruyama, T. Saito, S. Ikuta, Y. Okada, H. Iseki, Y. Muragaki
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: There is no standard therapeutic regimen for low-grade glioma (LGG). We have suggested extent of resection (EOR) was strongly associated with prognosis of LGG. About half of LGG eventually show malignant transformation (MT), MT is an important factor in determining prognosis of LGG. Therefore, it is important to definite factors associated with MT. In this study, we investigated correlation between MT and genetic profile and adjuvant therapy in LGG. METHOD: 151 patients (Male: Female = 80:71) with LGG treated in our institute from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Median follow-up period was 41months, follow-up ratio was 96°, and the average age was 39.1 year-old (15-65). Diffuse astrocytoma (DA) accounted 47 patients (31°), oligodendroglioma (O) was 55 patients (37°), oligoastrocytoma (OA) was 44 patients (29°). The median Mib-1 index was 4.8°. IDH1 mutation and co-deletion of 1p19q locus were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and FISH method, respectively. RESULT: The average and median EOR of T2 high area was 85° and 95°, respectively. ACNU based chemotherapy was performed in 35 patients and radiotherapy in 48 patients. IDH1 mutation and 1p19q co-deletion were 75° and 57%, respectively. 48 patients out of 151 recurred and 29 patients were MT. Patients without IDH1 mutation (P = 0.025) or 1p19q deletion (P = 0.001) showed significant higher rate of MT. In analysis of all patients, EOR strongly correlated with MT (P = 0.0002). EOR correlated with MT in DA (P = 0.0003) but not in oligodendroglial subtypes (P = 0.7). In IDH1 mutant group, chemotherapy reduced MT (P = 0.004), however, in IDH1 wild-type group, both radiotherapy (P = 0.004) and chemotherapy (P = 0.006) brought higher incidence of MT. CONCLUSION: EOR significantly prevented MT in DA. It was suggested that IDH1 was a predictive factor for MT following radiotherapy and chemotherapy in LGG. Extensive resection is required for IDH1 wild type DA.
A peptide competing with VEGF165 binding on neuropilin-1 mediates targeting of a chlorin-type photosensitizer and potentiates its photodynamic activity in human endothelial cells
Authors: Loraine Tirand, Céline Frochot, Régis Vanderesse, Noémie Thomas, Eric Trinquet, Sophie Pinel, Marie-Laure Viriot, François Guillemin, Muriel Barberi-Heyob
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
524 PLATELETS PREVENT HEPATIC FAILURE AFTER 90% PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY IN MICE
Authors: A. Myronovych, S. Murata, R. Matsuo, O. Ikeda, M. Watanabe, K. Hisakura, Y. Nakano, K. Kohno, T. Kawasaki, Y. Shibasaki, H. Yasue, N. Ohkohchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Pulmonary Complication of Heroin Intoxication
Authors: Martha L. Warnock
Journal: JAMA (1972)

An acute episode of heroin intoxication in a patient was complicated by aspiration of the gastric content and subsequent development of diffuse bronchiectasis. This clinical observation and certain experimental data in the literature suggest to us an etiologic role for aspiration in the development of necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiectasis and, perhaps, heroin pulmonary edema.