tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PROPOSED MEDICAE LEGISLATION.
Authors: HENRY A. RILEY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The Legislatures of many of the States are now in session, and in most of them measures have been proposed, of more or less importance, affecting medical practice or public health. It is difficult to present a full statement of all these bills, but the substance of many of them has been published in the daily papers and will be of interest. In New York the principal bills are the following: One removing the pauper insane from the county poorhouses and transferring them to the State Asylums. This involves the expenditure of about $500,000 for a new building to accommodate the new patients, and has been actively opposed by local officials who have found some pecuniary or other advantage in keeping the insane in the poorhouses, which are badly adapted for the care of such patients. The general sentiment of the profession and of humane persons is strongly in favor
Immunohistochemical localization of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> binding S100 proteins in normal human skin and melanocytic lesions
Authors: R. BÖNI, G. BURG, A. DOGUOGLU, E.C. ILG, B.W. SCHÄFER, B. MÜLLER, C.W. HEIZMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of the Ca(2+)-binding S100 proteins S100A1, S100A2, S100A3, S100A4, S100A6 and S100B in normal skin. These immunohistochemical staining patterns were compared with those in melanocytic lesions. Paraffin-embedded tissue of normal skin adjacent to 26 naevi, 39 primary cutaneous melanomas and 14 cutaneous melanoma metastases was incubated with polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant human S100 proteins (S100A1, S100A2, S100A3, S100A4, S100A6, S100B) using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. The S100A2 antibody stained the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles of normal skin. Four of 39 primary cutaneous melanomas were positive for S100A2, whereas none of the metastases or naevi showed any immunoreactivity. The S100A3 antibody only stained the inner root sheath cuticle of some hair follicles but no melanocytes or melanocytic lesions. Staining of S100A4 was weak and thus omitted to further analysis. S100A6 faintly labelled keratinocytes. Langerhans' cells, melanocytes and sweat glands. S100A6 immunoreaction was found in two of seven junctional naevi, five of seven compound naevi, and all dermal and blue naevi. There was an intense cytoplasmatic reaction for S100A6 in all primary cutaneous melanomas and in nine of 14 (64%) metastases, S100B was positive in melanocytes and Langerhans' cells, all primaries as well as in the metastases, S100A1 protein was not detected on any of the tissue specimens examined. Whereas S100B and S100A6 antibodies are useful markers for malignant melanoma, expression of S100A4 antibody is too low to be used for immunohistochemical staining. S100A1 and S100A3 antibodies are not expressed in melanocytic lesions and S100A2 is only found in selected tumours. The investigated S100 proteins, including S100B and S100A6, are also expressed in selected elements of normal skin. These findings are important for correct interpretation of staining patterns, when S100 antibodies are used as markers for melanoma or other tumours.
The effect of interior lead hazard controls on children's blood lead concentrations: a systematic evaluation.
Authors: Erin Haynes, Bruce P Lanphear, Ellen Tohn, Nick Farr, George G Rhoads
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Dust control is often recommended to prevent children's exposure to residential lead hazards, but the effect of these controls on children's blood lead concentrations is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials of low-cost, lead hazard control interventions to determine the effect of lead hazard control on children's blood lead concentration. Four trials met the inclusion criteria. We examined mean blood lead concentration and elevated blood lead concentrations (> or = 10 microg/dL, > or = 15 microg/dL, and > or = 20 microg/dL) and found no significant differences in mean change in blood lead concentration for children by random group assignment (children assigned to the intervention group compared with those assigned to the control group). We found no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the percentage of children with blood lead > or = 10 microg/dL, 29% versus 32% [odds ratio (OR), 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-1.3], but there was a significant difference in the percentage of children with blood lead > or = 15 microg/dL between the intervention and control groups, 6% versus 14% (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.80) and in the percentage of children with blood lead > or = 20 microg/dL between the intervention and control groups, 2% versus 6% (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.85). We conclude that although low-cost, interior lead hazard control was associated with 50% or greater reduction in the proportion of children who had blood lead concentrations exceeding 15 microg/dL and > or = 20 microg/dL, there was no substantial effect on mean blood lead concentration.
Regeneration of peripheral nerves by transplanted sphere of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from embryonic stem cells
Authors: Eun Ju Lee, Lianji Xu, Gi-Hwan Kim, Soo Kyoung Kang, Sae-Won Lee, Sung-Hye Park, Sukwha Kim, Tae Hyun Choi, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
World Health Organization declares A (H1N1) influenza pandemic
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The head of the World Health Organization has declared the first influenza pandemic in 41 years after intense consultations with top officials from countries that are experiencing rapid transmission of the novel A (H1N1) flu virus at the community level, and with international experts monitoring the global outbreak.

“The world is now at the start of the 2009 influenza pandemic. We are at the earliest days of the pandemic,” Margaret Chan, WHO director general, told a news conference, shortly after she decided to raise the level of influenza pandemic alert from phase 5 to the maximum, phase 6.

“We have reason to believe that this pandemic, at least in its early days, will be of moderate severity,” she said and noted “the virus is contagious, spreading easily from one person to another and from one country to another.” 

Dr Chan took the decision after a conference call on Wednesday with health officials from the eight most affected countries—the United States, Mexico, Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, Australia, Japan and Chile—followed by a meeting on 11 June with the …
Eight hundred and seventy-five cases of bacterial meningitis Part I of a three-part series: Clinical data, prognosis, and the role of specialised hospital departments
Authors: Vilhelm Bohr, Bo Hansen, Ove Jessen, Niels Johnsen, Helge Kjersem, Henning S. Kristensen, Jørgen Nyboe, Niels Rasmussen
Journal: Journal of Infection (1983)
Colchicine in systemic amyloidosis.
Authors: E Akoglu, T Akoglu, E Erken
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Colchicine in systemic amyloidosis SIR, We read with interest the report by Scheinberg et al.' of DMSO and colchicine therapy in amyloid disease.The beneficial effects of colchicine on systemic amyloidosis have been suggested by other investigators.2-Wealso
Cor Triatriatum, Etc
Authors: Milorad Andrial
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the Oct 26, 1964, issue ofThe Journal(REFERENCES AND REVIEWS, Vol 190, adv p 275) an abstract appears of a paper with the title "Cor Tiratri-atom: Hemodynamic and Angiocardiographic Diagnosis." Does this heart belong to a new "atomic" pathology?
Glycosylated Hemoglobins and Glycosylated Plasma Proteins in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Pauline M Hall, John G Cook, Joanna Sheldon, Sheila M Rutherford, Barry J Gould
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Total and stable glycosylated hemoglobins and glycosylated plasma proteins were determined on 53 patients referred for a glucose tolerance test. Significant correlations were found with fasting blood glucose (r greater than 0.89), 2-h glucose (r greater than 0.69), and area under the glucose tolerance curve (r greater than 0.75), but the correlations with labile glycosylated proteins were not significant. Thirty-one of the patients were normal, five had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and seventeen diabetes mellitus (DM) according to the WHO criteria. Comparison of the glycosylated protein values showed that, in all cases, the values for those with IGT and DM were significantly (P less than 0.001) greater than the values for normals. The range of values of stable glycosylated hemoglobins for those with DM (9.4-24.4%), those with IGT (8.6-10.0%), and normals (5.0-8.5%) shows that there was no overlap between overt diabetic subjects and normal subjects. This was also found for total glycosylated hemoglobins. The results for glycosylated plasma proteins, total and stable, were comparable, but one patient with overt DM and two with IGT had values within the normal range. The measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins and glycosylated plasma proteins by the simple, precise, affinity-chromatography method is potentially a quick, accurate, and simple screening test for patients with DM and IGT and deserves consideration as criteria for their diagnosis.
Thomas Richard Littler
Authors: F H. Beddow
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant physician Merseyside (b Liverpool 1923; q Liverpool 1945; MD, FRCP, FRS), d 22 December 2001.

Tom Littler had a special interest in rheumatology. On being appointed to Birkenhead General Hospital he established a specialist rheumatology clinic, but he was not offered any designated beds. However, in 1954 he was offered four beds at a nearby underused sanatorium, which was later transformed into the Liverpool Regional Rheumatology Centre. It provided a comprehensive service, including combined medical and surgical clinics and extensive rehabilitation.
Increased Lecithin Synthesis during Phagocytosis by Normal Leukocytes and by Leukocytes of a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: P. Elsbach, D. Zucker-Franklin, C. Sansaricq
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Study of incorporation of albumin-bound lysolecithin-32P into lecithin of human leukocytes (from peripheral blood) during ingestion of inert particles revealed that significantly more lysolecithin was incorporated than at rest. This stimulation of lecithin synthesis accounts for substantial addition of new lecithin and may be important for membrane formation during phagocytosis. Leukocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease, cells that are known to manifest decreased bactericidal activity but normal phagocytosis, also exhibited increased lecithin synthesis, during engulfment of particles in vitro, from lysolecithin in the medium. Electron microscopy of the patient's leukocytes showed formation of phagosomes and degranulation indistinguishable from similar phenomena in leukocytes from normal persons.
Abstract B72: CD8αα+ langerin+ dendritic cells maintain the effector CD8 T cell population after adoptive transfer.
Authors: John David Gibbins, Ian Hermans, Troels Petersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a promising new area of anti-cancer therapy. The process involves the isolation of T cells from a patient's blood, in vitro stimulation of the T cells against cancer antigens, then re-infusion of the activated cells back into the patient. This process provides a population of effector CD8 T cells capable of recognizing and killing cancer cells. ACT is currently limited by the ability of the transferred cells to survive in high numbers for an extended period of time and therefore overcoming this problem is a focus to improve the efficacy of the treatment. The activation of cancer-specific CD8 T cells is dependent on the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to acquire and present exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex class I (a process known as cross-presentation) for the stimulation of CD8 T cells. We have previously found a subset of splenic DCs expressing the CD8αα homodimer and the c-type lectin receptor langerin (CD207), that have a strong ability to activate CD8 T cells by cross-presentation. This DC subset is found in the marginal zone of the spleen, is highly efficient at phagocytosing apoptotic cells from the blood, and is believed to play an important role in scanning the blood for antigens. We therefore hypothesized that CD8αα+ langerin+ DCs influence the survival and expansion of adoptively transferred effector CD8 T cells in the blood. Within this project we have used langerin-diphtheria toxin receptor mice, in which all langerin-expressing cells are ablated in vivo upon injection of diphtheria toxin, to address the role of the CD8αα+ langerin+ DC subset in maintaining the CD8 T cell population after ACT. For this purpose, we challenged mice intravenously with the T cell thymoma EG7.OVA and adoptively transferred in vitro activated OVA-specific CD8 T cells (OT-I T cells) 12 days later with or without prior langerin-DC depletion. We found a larger population of OT-I T cells when these were transferred into an EG7.OVA bearing host when compared to mice without tumors. Interestingly, mice that were depleted of their CD8αα+ langerin+ DCs did not develop this increase in OT-I T cell number and their absence resulted in reduced survival. Our data therefore suggest that antigen presentation by CD8αα+ langerin+ DCs play a role in sustaining high numbers of transferred CD8 T cells after ACT, resulting in increased protection against EG7.OVA. Manipulations that increase the stimulatory capacity of this DC subset could be a way to increase the efficacy of ACT therapy. Citation Format: John David Gibbins, Ian Hermans, Troels Petersen. CD8αα+ langerin+ dendritic cells maintain the effector CD8 T cell population after adoptive transfer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B72.
The past, present and future in scaffold-based tendon treatments
Authors: A.J. Lomas, C.N.M. Ryan, A. Sorushanova, N. Shologu, A.I. Sideri, V. Tsioli, G.C. Fthenakis, A. Tzora, I. Skoufos, L.R. Quinlan, G. O'Laighin, A.M. Mullen, J.L. Kelly, S. Kearns, M. Biggs, A. Pandit, D.I. Zeugolis
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2014)
Ambient Air Pollution and Oxygen Saturation
Authors: Dawn L. DeMeo, Antonella Zanobetti, Augusto A. Litonjua, Brent A. Coull, Joel Schwartz, Diane R. Gold
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

We investigated the association between fine particulate air pollution and oxygen saturation as measured with a peripheral oxygen saturation monitor during a 12-week repeated-measures study of 28 older Boston residents. Oxygen saturation and air pollution particulates with a mean diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microm were measured continuously during a protocol of rest, standing, exercise, postexercise rest, and 20 cycles of slow, paced breathing. In fixed-effect models, mean pollution concentration was associated with reduced oxygen saturation during the baseline rest period (6 hours: mean, -0.173%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.345 to -0.001), postexercise (6 hours: mean, -0.173%; 95% CI, -0.332 to -0.014), with a trend toward decrease during postexercise paced breathing (6 hours: mean, -0.142%; 95% CI, -0.292 to 0.007) but not during exercise. Participants taking beta-blockers had a greater pollution-related decrease in oxygen saturation at rest (6 hours: mean, -0.769%; 95% CI, -1.210 to -0.327) (interaction for particulates with a mean diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microm by beta-blocker, p < 0.0005) than did those not taking beta-blockers (p > 0.25). The reduction in oxygen saturation associated with air pollution may result from subtle particulate-related pulmonary vascular and/or inflammatory changes. Further investigation may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms through which particulates may increase respiratory and cardiac morbidity among vulnerable populations.
Diagnostic yield and safety of CT scans in ICU
Authors: Marine Aliaga, Jean-Marie Forel, Sophie De Bourmont, Boris Jung, Guillemette Thomas, Martin Mahul, Magali Bisbal, Stephanie Nougaret, Sami Hraiech, Antoine Roch, Kathia Chaumoitre, Samir Jaber, Marc Gainnier, Laurent Papazian
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Comparative proteomic profiling of patients with atopic dermatitis based on history of eczema herpeticum infection and Staphylococcus aureus colonization
Authors: Carolyn J. Broccardo, Spencer Mahaffey, John Schwarz, Lisa Wruck, Gloria David, Patrick M. Schlievert, Nichole A. Reisdorph, Donald Y.M. Leung
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors
Authors: David E. Gerber, Stuart A. Grossman, Michael B. Streiff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Venous thromboembolism occurs commonly throughout the clinical course of patients with brain tumors. A number of hemostatic and clinical factors contribute to this hypercoagulable state. Concern over the possibility of intracranial bleeding has limited the use of anticoagulation in this population. However, mechanical approaches such as vena cava filters have high complication and treatment failure rates in patients with intracranial malignancies. In addition, the available data suggest that anticoagulation can be used safely and effectively in most of these patients. Patients with thrombocytopenia, recent neurosurgery, and tumor types prone to bleeding require special consideration. When intracranial hemorrhage does occur, it is often due to overanticoagulation, requiring prompt anticoagulation reversal and neurosurgical consultation.
My Life as a Male Anorexic
Authors: Timothy J. Soundy
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The first two thirds of<i>My Life as a Male Anorexic</i>consists of Michael Krasnow's autobiography. There follows a short chapter by one of his treating psychiatrists with footnotes by the author to statements that the psychiatrist has made about him. The last part of the book comprises eight discharge summaries from various hospitalizations of Mr Krasnow in 1988 and 1989. The book begins with Krasnow describing, as he remembers it, the onset of his anorexia nervosa. As one reads along, it becomes apparent that he is still very ill with his disorder. He writes of controlling his weight at 75 pounds (he is 5 feet 9 inches tall). In an epilogue he gives a daily summary of his food intake, stating that he never eats more than a self-imposed limit of 1000 calories a day. He also states that he has not taken a drink of water since February
Isolation and characterization of a novel vitamin B12-binding protein associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: R L Burger, S Waxman, H S Gilbert, C S Mehlman, R H Allen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

High levels of a novel vitamin B12-binding protein (hepatoma B12 BP) have been observed recently in plasma obtained from three adolescent patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This protein has now been isolated in homogeneous form from the plasma and pleural fluid of two of these patients by the use of affinity chromatography with vitamin B12-Sepharose. The hepatoma B12 BP belongs to the R-type group of B12-binding proteins and is essentially indistinguishable from the recently isolated human milk and saliva R-type proteins in terms of: (a) immunologic properties based on immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation assays; (b) amino acid composition; (c) molecular weight based on amino acid and carbohydrate content; and (d) absorption spectra. Both hepatoma B12 BPs contain more sialic acid and less fucose than the milk and saliva B12 BPs. All four proteins contain similar amounts of galactose, mannose, galactosamine, and glucosamine. Differences in sialic acid content appear to account for the differences in electrophoretic mobility that were observed among the four proteins. Differences in total carbohydrate content appear to account for the differences in apparent molecular weight that were observed with both gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tumor tissue from one of the patients contained 10 times as much R-type protein as did normal liver tissue from the same patient. This suggests, although it does not prove, that synthesis by the tumor is the cause of the high levels of R-type protein found in the plasma of certain patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Plasma survival studies performed with rabbits indicate that the hepatoma B12 BP has a prolonged plasma survival and suggests that his parameter is also of importance.
European countries face similar problems of demographic ageing and higher patient expectations
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Despite their very different structures, national healthcare systems in Europe all face the same challenge of providing high quality treatment against a background of hard pressed budgets and the increased costs of demographic ageing and developments in medical technology.

To help countries achieve their goals, the European Commission has made its first ever attempt to present a macroeconomic picture of the health sector in Europe.

The report, which was published earlier this month, will be examined by European Union leaders at their Barcelona summit meeting in March. It will also feed into the broad economic policy guidelines that …
THE CONCENTRATION OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM
Authors: LLOYD D. FELTON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

An important consideration in the study of antipneumococcus serum is a satisfactory valuation of its therapeutic activity. This immune serum, in contradistinction to the antitoxic serums, is classified with the antibacterial serums, and as such gives ample demonstration of containing all the known varieties of antibodies. However, although not entirely satisfactory in determining its therapeutic activity, the present method of choice is the estimation of the so-called protective antibody by means of some form of mouse protection test. For this test two procedures are advocated: first, the injection of a constant dose of serum with a varying number of organisms, the standard method of the U. S. Hygienic Laboratory 1 based on work of Neufeld 1a and that done at the Rockefeller Institute, 2 and, second, the injection of a constant dose of organism with varying dilutions of serum. 3 These two methods in my hands have given roughly the