tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchoscopic Aspiration After Respiratory Infections
Authors: J. Karl Poppe
Journal: JAMA (1964)

CHEST PAIN associated with the respiratory infections considered in this report is not the acute pleuritic type of pain requiring narcotics, but the constant dull ache usually present in the anterior chest and frequently described as a sense of pressure or tightness. Anterior chest pain or tightness of a somewhat similar nature may originate from myocardial ischemia<sup>1</sup>or esophagitis.<sup>2</sup>A correct diagnosis may be determined from the history, some special examinations, and response to treatments since the electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and physical examination may be normal. The asthenia reported here refers to tiredness and weakness which either prevent a full day's work or lead to complete exhaustion at the end of the day. This may be associated with a low-grade afternoon fever which the patient may not have noticed. Inability to take a deep breath or dyspnea on exertion may remain unnoticed until the patient attempts a hunting
A SIMPLE SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ORDINARY SAND-BAG IN GALLBLADDER SURGERY
Authors: Herbert H. Judd
Journal: JAMA (1924)

I have observed that many of the patients requiring surgical work on the gallbladder are very heavy, and that the placing of the sand-bag under the back after anesthesia is complete is not an easy matter. Also, the ordinary sand-bag is very uncomfortable to the patient, and many complain of strain following the operation. I worked out a scheme with the local automobile tire repair dealer whereby he cut a section from an old truck tube about 24 inches long and sealed and vulcanized both ends, placing an ordinary tire valve in one end. This cushion is placed under the patient without inflation before the anesthetic is started, and when anesthesia is complete the nurse or anesthetist inflates the cushion by the means of an ordinary automobile pump until the surgeon is satisfied with the position. The variations as to size and number of cushions seem to be innumerable, and
Abstract 2723: The chorio-allantoicmembrane (CAM) model for testing HOX gene antagonism in pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Sophie Gray, Stephen Metcalf, Angela Boxall, Gary Middleton, Izhar Bagwan, Hardev Pandha, Richard Morgan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive solid cancers with a 5-year survival rate approaching a dismal 5%. New therapeutic targets need to be identified in order to increase survival rates. HOX genes are a family of 39 transcription factors involved in embryonic development and which have been found to be dys-regulated in PDAC. HOX gene function can be antagonised by HXR9, a peptide that competitively inhibits binding of HOX proteins to their co-factor PBX. We established that the CAM model recapitulates human PDAC, including desmoplasia, and is highly suitable for the evaluation of HXR9 in vivo. Experimental procedure Four PDAC-derived cell lines (AsPc-1, BxPc-3, PaCa-3 and PancTu1) were treated in vitro with HXR9. Ic50s were determined using both MTS and LDH assays. FACS analysis was used to determine mechanisms of cell death. Cell lines were subsequently implanted in the CAM using Marigel™ on embryonic day (EDD) 10. Tumour growth curves were established and tumours were resected and subsequently stained with PDAC-specific cell surface markers. CAM-tumours were treated with intra-tumoral injection of HXR9 on EDD 16. Results PDAC-derived cell lines were sensitive to HXR9 in vitro with IC50s ranging from 13-45μM. Annexin V-PE analysis showed apoptosis was induced in HXR9 treated cells. PDAC was established in the CAM from cell lines and showed remarkable similarity to human disease including desmoplasia and phonotypic markers. Intra-tumoral treatment of CAM-PDAC showed evidence of tumour regression and apoptosis. Conclusions The CAM model is a simple and robust assay for modelling human PDAC and recapitulates architecture including desmoplasia. The CAM assay is suitable for testing the efficacy of HXR9. Targeting HOX gene dys-regulation is a novel approach for the treatment of PDAC. Citation Format: Sophie Gray, Stephen Metcalf, Angela Boxall, Gary Middleton, Izhar Bagwan, Hardev Pandha, Richard Morgan. The chorio-allantoicmembrane (CAM) model for testing HOX gene antagonism in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2723. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2723
The treatment of chilblains with nifedipine: the results of a pilot study, a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study and a long-term open trial
Authors: M.H.A. RUSTIN, JULIA A. NEWTON, N.P. SMITH, PAULINE M. DOWD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A pilot study, a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised study and a long term open trial have indicated that nifedipine is effective in the treatment of perniosis. At a dose of 20 mg to 60 mg daily, nifedipine significantly reduced the time to clearance of existing lesions and prevented the development of new chilblains. Nifedipine also reduced the pain, soreness and irritation of the lesions. A comparison of the pre-and post-treatment skin biopsies showed resolution of the dermal oedema and diminution of the perivascular infiltrate. An increase in cutaneous blood flow following administration of nifedipine suggests that the vasodilator action of this drug may be important in its action.
Atrial natriuretic factor in chronic obstructive lung disease with pulmonary hypertension. Physiological correlates and response to peptide infusion.
Authors: S Adnot, P Andrivet, P E Chabrier, J Piquet, P Plas, P Braquet, F Roudot-Thoraval, C Brun-Buisson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

To investigate the physiological role of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in patients with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), we infused synthetic alpha-human ANF in seven such patients, and investigated the physiological correlates to circulating peptide levels in 24 patients with COLD. ANF infusion, at incremental rates of 0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 micrograms/kg.min, increased basal plasma immunoreactive (ir) ANF (136 +/- 38 pg/ml) by 3-, 10-, and 26-fold, respectively, and reduced pulmonary artery pressure (from 33 +/- 3 to 25 +/- 2 mmHg, P less than 0.001) and systemic arterial pressure (from 88 +/- 4 to 79 +/- 4 mmHg, P less than 0.001) in a dose-related fashion. Cardiac index increased by 13.5% (P less than 0.01) while heart rate was unchanged. Cardiac filling pressures decreased at 0.1 micrograms/kg.min ANF. Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance fell by 37% (P less than 0.001) and 19% (P less than 0.001), respectively. Arterial oxygenation was impaired during ANF infusion, suggesting partial reversal of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Plasma renin activity remained unchanged but aldosterone fell by 44% (P less than 0.01). The levels of plasma irANF in 24 patients correlated directly with the degree of hemoconcentration (r = 0.67, P less than 0.001), respiratory acidosis (r = -0.65, P less than 0.001), and pulmonary hypertension (r = 0.52, P less than 0.01). The results suggest that ANF may serve as a potent pulmonary vasodilator involved in the circulatory homeostasis of patients with COLD.
Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease — Searching for a Breakthrough, Settling for Less
Authors: David A. Drachman, Paul Leber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The development of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease remains in its infancy. In the United States, only two drugs have been approved: tacrine, approved in 1993, and donepezil, released this year. Neither affects the underlying process that causes the loss of neurons and synapses and leads to intellectual and functional deterioration. Given the aging of our population and the tragic effects of this age-related disease, there is tremendous interest in developing treatments that will interfere with some step in the etiologic process. In this issue of the Journal, Sano et al.1 report their experience with the use of . . .
Abstract 4194: Constitutive DNA-damage signaling promotes cancer cell proliferation through Chk1-CIP2A pathway independent of ATM-ATR
Authors: Anchit Khanna, Camilla Böckelman, Ilona Schreck, Carsten Weiss, Tapio Visakorpi, Ari Ristimäki, Jukka Westermarck
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract DNA damage is a hallmark of malignantly transformed cells. Accordingly, overexpression of the DNA damage activated kinases has been observed in different human cancers. However, it is unclear whether constitutive DNA damage present in unperturbed cancer cells promotes tumourigenesis. Here we show that increased activity of DNA damage sensitive kinase Chk1 promotes proliferation of several cancer cell types by stimulating expression of CIP2A protein. Either chemical or genetic inhibition of Chk1, and not of ATM-ATR, results in potent inhibition of CIP2A protein expression levels. Importantly, Chk1 siRNA-elicited inhibition of cell proliferation and clonogenic growth is rescued by overexpression of CIP2A from a heterologous promoter. Moreover, in clinical (human) tumor samples there is a significant association between CIP2A and Chk1 expression in both ovarian and gastric cancers. Intriguingly, meta-analysis of seventeen published genome wide studies on different types of cancers unveils a striking similarity in the gene expression patterns of both CIP2A and Chk1. Amongst these, 12/17 studies show overexpression (top 10%) of both these proteins. Additionally, similarly to CIP2A, increased Chk1 expression is shown to correlate with tumor progression in human cancer. In summary, these results identify a novel function for DNA damage kinase Chk1 in regulation of the human oncoprotein CIP2A. In general, these results provide an unprecented molecular mechanism by which constitutive DNA damage present in cancer cells promotes tumourigenesis. Additionally, as CIP2A is not significantly expressed in most of the normal human tissues, it is proposed that targeting of CIP2A might abrogate the Chk1-mediated support of proliferation without concerns related to anticancer therapy directly targeting Chk1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4194. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4194
High-Intensity Statin Therapy Alters the Natural History of Diabetic Coronary Atherosclerosis: Insights From SATURN
Authors: Brian Stegman, Rishi Puri, Leslie Cho, Mingyuan Shao, Christie M. Ballantyne, Phillip J. Barter, M. John Chapman, Raimund Erbel, Peter Libby, Joel S. Raichlen, Kiyoko Uno, Yu Kataoka, Steven E. Nissen, Stephen J. Nicholls
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Although statins can induce coronary atheroma regression, this benefit has yet to be demonstrated in diabetic individuals. We tested the hypothesis that high-intensity statin therapy may promote coronary atheroma regression in patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Study of Coronary Atheroma by Intravascular Ultrasound: Effect of Rosuvastatin Versus Atorvastatin (SATURN) used serial intravascular ultrasound measures of coronary atheroma volume in patients treated with rosuvastatin 40 mg or atorvastatin 80 mg for 24 months. This analysis compared changes in biochemistry and coronary percent atheroma volume (PAV) in patients with (n = 159) and without (n = 880) diabetes. RESULTS At baseline, patients with diabetes had lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels but higher triglyceride and CRP levels compared with patients without diabetes. At follow-up, diabetic patients had lower levels of LDL-C (61.0 ± 20.5 vs. 66.4 ± 22.9 mg/dL, P = 0.01) and HDL-C (46.3 ± 10.6 vs. 49.9 ± 12.0 mg/dL, P &amp;lt; 0.001) but higher levels of triglycerides (127.6 [98.8, 163.0] vs. 113.0 mg/dL [87.6, 151.9], P = 0.001) and CRP (1.4 [0.7, 3.3] vs. 1.0 [0.5, 2.1] mg/L, P = 0.001). Both patients with and without diabetes demonstrated regression of coronary atheroma as measured by change in PAV (−0.83 ± 0.13 vs. −1.15 ± 0.13%, P = 0.08). PAV regression was less in diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients when on-treatment LDL-C levels were &amp;gt;70 mg/dL (−0.31 ± 0.23 vs. −1.01 ± 0.21%, P = 0.03) but similar when LDL-C levels were ≤70 mg/dL (−1.09 ± 0.16 vs. −1.24 ± 0.16%, P = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS High-intensity statin therapy alters the progressive nature of diabetic coronary atherosclerosis, yielding regression of disease in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
Problems of Atherosclerosis in Poland
Authors: D. ALEKSANDROW, A. HORST
Journal: Circulation (1959)

T HE increased interest in atheroselerosis in our country dates from 1954 when a coordinating committee for studies of athero- sclerosis was created by the Polish Academy of Science.Most of the studies reported in this paper were begun within the last 3 years, many of them initiated and to some extent directly supported by the committee.Research work on experimental athero- sclerosis in laboratory animals carried on in Polish institutes just as in all laboratories of the world is founded on numerous premises concerning the pathogenesis of that disease.Experiments are made on various animals: dogs, chickens, pigeons, rabbits, and rats.Animal " experimental atherosclerosis " is not a true reflection of atherosclerosis as a disease that has the character of a chronic and progressing process.However, if we cre- ate in experimental conditions in a certain limited period of an animal's life the biochem- ical syndrome of atherosclerosis and produce in the arterial wall the appearance of some fundamental features of the atherosclerotic process in man, we get an opportunity to trace the influence of various factors from the point of view of etiology, pathogenesis, and therapy of atherosclerosis.In morphologic investigations on the histogenesis of early atheroselerotic changes Roiynek' applied subcutaneous injections of allyl- formate in rabbits fed on a vegetable diet and observed early microscopic changes in the aorta due to a penetration of blood plasma through the damaged endothelium conforming in general to histologic changes in an early From the Second Clinic for Internal Diseases and the Department of Physiopathology,
Multiple Gastric Argentaffinomas
Authors: P. Ruben Koehler
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  At exploratory laparatomy a large number of tumors were seen in the body of the stomach. Frozen sections from four of the masses all showed typical carcinoids. More than 40 carcinoid tumors were found in the resected part of the stomach, the smallest measuring 2 ml, the largest 5×4×2 cm. No muscle invasion was present. The regional nodes were normal. The patient made an uneventful recovery.  Comment:—  Several comprehensive articles describe the clinical, roentgenological, and pathological aspects of carcinoids of the stomach1-3which originate from the Kulchitsky cell in the crypts of Lieberkuhn.4They resemble the chromaffin cells of the paraganglia. The tumors are usually benign but metastases are reported. However, in gastric carcinoids the reported incidence of metastases is almost 30%,2most commonly in the regional lymph nodes, and less frequently in the liver. Long-term survivals are common in the presence of metastases
Effect of upper airway anesthesia on obstructive sleep apnea.
Authors: R B Berry, K G Kouchi, J L Bower, R W Light
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We hypothesized that upper airway mechanoreceptors contribute to the arousal stimulus that occurs with upper airway occlusion in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). If so, upper airway anesthesia (UAA) should reduce the arousal stimulus and impair the arousal response. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of UAA on apnea duration and the esophageal pressure deflection before arousal in a group of patients with severe OSA. On two study nights separated by one week, subjects were monitored for 2 h after lights out. They were then awakened and either 5 cc of 4% lidocaine or saline (random order) was dripped into the upper airway via the nose over 10 min. Another 2 h of monitoring was then performed. Variables on the first and second parts of the control (C1 and C2) and lidocaine nights (L1 and L2) were compared during non-rapid eye movement sleep using the analysis of variance. With lidocaine, the mean (+/- SEM) apnea duration increased from 24.2 +/- 2.6 (L1) to 30.7 +/- 2.3 (L2) s but with saline the apnea length was unchanged from 23.3 +/- 1.5 (C1) to 23.4 +/- 1.6 (C2) (L2 > [L1, C1, C2], p < 0.01). In addition, the maximum esophageal pressure deflection (cm H2O) before arousal increased after lidocaine from 63.6 +/- 14.5 (L1) to 84.1 +/- 14.7 (L2) but after saline was unchanged from 62.1 +/- 15.4 (C1) to 60.0 +/- 15.2 (C2), (L2 > [L1, C1, C2], p < 0.05). We conclude that UAA impairs the arousal response to airway occlusion. This suggests that input from upper airway mechanoreceptors during obstructive events contributes to the total arousal stimulus in patients with OSA.
CELL RESPIRATION STUDIES
Authors: Geneva A. Daland, Raphael Isaacs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. The oxygen consumption of blood of normal individuals, when the hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen, is practically zero within the limits of experimental error of the microspirometer used. 2. The oxygen consumed in a microspirometer by the blood of patients with chronic myelogenous leucemia with a high white blood cell count, and of one with leucocytosis from sepsis, was proportional to the number of adult polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the blood. 3. No correlation could be made between the rate of oxygen absorption and the total number of white blood cells in the blood, or the total number of immature cells, or the number of red blood cells, or the amount of oxyhemoglobin. 4. The blood of patients with chronic myelogenous leucemia continued to use oxygen in the microspirometer longer than that of normal individuals, and the hemoglobin, in the leucemic bloods, became desaturated even though exposed to air. 5. In blood in which the bulk. of the cells were immature and the mature cells few, the oxygen consumption was lower than in blood in which the mature cells predominated. The rate of oxygen consumption of the immature cells was relatively low as compared to the mature. 6. The slower rate of oxygen absorption by the immature leucocytes in chronic myelogenous leucemia as compared to the mature cells, places them, in accord with Warburg's reports, in the class of the malignant tissues in this respect rather than in the group of young or embryonic cells.
Childhood cancer, intramuscular vitamin K, and pethidine given during labour.
Authors: J. Golding, R. Greenwood, K. Birmingham, M. Mott
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To assess unexpected associations between childhood cancer and pethidine given in labour and the neonatal administration of vitamin K that had emerged in a study performed in the 1970 national birth cohort. DESIGN AND SETTING--195 children with cancer diagnosed in 1971-March 1991 and born in the two major Bristol maternity hospitals in 1965-87 were compared with 558 controls identified from the delivery books for the use of pethidine during labour and administration of vitamin K. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Odds ratios for cancer in the presence of administration of pethidine or of intramuscular vitamin K. Both logistic regression and Mantel-Haenszel techniques were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS--Children of mothers given pethidine in labour were not at increased risk of cancer (odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 1.5) after allowing for year and hospital of delivery, but there was a significant association (p = 0.002) with intramuscular vitamin K (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 3.0) when compared with oral vitamin K or no vitamin K. There was no significantly increased risk for children who had been given oral vitamin K when compared with no vitamin K (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.5 to 2.7). These results could not be accounted for by other factors associated with administration of intramuscular vitamin K, such as type of delivery or admission to a special care baby unit. CONCLUSIONS--The only two studies so far to have examined the relation between childhood cancer and intramuscular vitamin K have shown similar results, and the relation is biologically plausible. The prophylactic benefits against haemorrhagic disease are unlikely to exceed the potential adverse effects from intramuscular vitamin K. Since oral vitamin K has major benefits but no obvious adverse effects this could be the prophylaxis of choice.
Perianal streptococcal dermatitis in adults
Authors: I. NERI, F. BARDAZZI, S. MARZADURI, A. PATRIZI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Perianal streptococcal dermatitis is an uncommon superficial cutaneous infection of the perianal area almost exclusively described in children. We report here four adult cases. Beta-haemolytic streptococcus group A was detected in the perianal areas of all the patients. Systemic erythromycin gave complete resolution. The incidence of perianal streptococcal dermatitis in adults is probably underestimated, and culture from the affected area should always be performed in patients with persistent perianal erythema.