tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Strain-specific requirement for eosinophils in the recruitment of T cells to the lung during the development of allergic asthma
Authors: Elizabeth Rose Walsh, Nisebita Sahu, Jennifer Kearley, Ebony Benjamin, Boo Hyon Kang, Alison Humbles, Avery August
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Eosinophils have been implicated as playing a major role in allergic airway responses. However, the importance of these cells to the development of this disease has remained ambiguous despite many studies, partly because of lack of appropriate model systems. In this study, using transgenic murine models, we more clearly delineate a role for eosinophils in asthma. We report that, in contrast to results obtained on a BALB/c background, eosinophil-deficient C57BL/6 ΔdblGATA mice (eosinophil-null mice via the ΔDblGATA1 mutation) have reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, and cytokine production of interleukin (IL)-4, -5, and -13 in ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. This was caused by reduced T cell recruitment into the lung, as these mouse lungs had reduced expression of CCL7/MCP-3, CC11/eotaxin-1, and CCL24/eotaxin-2. Transferring eosinophils into these eosinophil-deficient mice and, more importantly, delivery of CCL11/eotaxin-1 into the lung during the development of this disease rescued lung T cell infiltration and airway inflammation when delivered together with allergen. These studies indicate that on the C57BL/6 background, eosinophils are integral to the development of airway allergic responses by modulating chemokine and/or cytokine production in the lung, leading to T cell recruitment.
Diving is dangerous for diabetics
Authors: G H Hall
Journal: BMJ (1981)

a period of 15 months, 578 patients were discharged from the wards of one geriatric unit at Queen's Hospital, Croydon, and of these only 16 (2 8%/') were readmitted within eight weeks of discharge.We examined carefully the arrangements made for the discharge and follow-up of these 16, in an attempt to identify possible preventable causes of rapid read- mission.They had previously been in hospital for a mean of 24-3 days (range 9-66 days).Eight readmissions were found to be unavoid- able owing to the development of new illness or an unpredictable exacerbation of previous illness.Only five patients came back within a week, and only three of these within 48 hours, which Dr Nasar and Professor Millard consider to be the crucial period.Of these three, two lived alone and relied on neighbours in addition to social services support.Both district nursing services and social services provided support as previously organised, and no patient was readmitted owing to failure of services.Our experience suggests that although it is important to reduce the length of stay of elderly people in hospital (6 June, p 1817), it is equally important to plan discharge very care- fully with the support of good social services, district nurses, and general practitioners; and if this is done there appears to be no need for a hospital-based visiting service or flying squad to cover the period immediately after discharge.In 13 of our patients readmission was asso- ciated with falls, confusion, or incontinence (or a combination of these).It might be more appropriate to consider a domiciliary visit to patients who develop these problems, than to expend time and manpower on routine visits to all patients after discharge.
Statistical approach to indices of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: R J McGuire, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) 1 and 5 frequently colocalize in the same neurons throughout the CNS. Because both receptors can couple to the same effector systems, the purpose of their cellular coexpression remains unclear. Here, we report that group I mGluR1 and mGluR5 have distinct functional roles in type II neurons of the rat globus pallidus (GP). Type II GP neurons form a large population of GABAergic projection neurons that are characterized by the presence of inwardly rectifying current<i>I</i><sub>h</sub>, low-threshold voltage-activated calcium current <i>I</i><sub>t</sub>, and activity at rest. Although immunocytochemical analysis reveals a high degree of neuronal colocalization of the two group I mGluRs in the GP, activation of mGluR1 only directly depolarizes type II GP neurons. Interestingly, blockade of mGluR5 by a highly selective antagonist, methylphenylethynylpyridine, leads to the potentiation of the mGluR1-mediated depolarization in this neuronal subpopulation. Metabotropic GluR1 desensitizes during repeated activation with the agonist in type II GP neurons, and blocking mGluR5 prevents the desensitization of the mGluR1-mediated depolarization. Elimination of the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) by an application of 1 μm bisendolylmaleimide or 1 μmchelerythrine, both protein kinase C inhibitors, potentiates the mGluR1-mediated response and prevents the desensitization of mGluR1 in type II GP neurons, suggesting that the effect of mGluR5 on mGluR1 signaling may involve PKC. Together, these data illustrate a novel mechanism by which mGluR1 and mGluR5, members of the same family of G-protein-coupled receptors, can interact to modulate neuronal activity in the rat GP.
Cytogenetic analysis and clinical significance in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: a study of 50 cases from the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 endemic area, Nagasaki
Authors: Takahiro Itoyama, R. S. K. Chaganti, Yasuaki Yamada, Kunihiro Tsukasaki, Sunao Atogami, Hideo Nakamura, Masao Tomonaga, Koichi Ohshima, Masahiro Kikuchi, Naoki Sadamori
Journal: Blood (2001)
1122. Transgenic Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Shows Local Disease Modifying Effects in a Murine Model of Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Beatrijs M. Lodde, Fumi Mineshiba, Jianghua Wang, Ana P. Cotrim, Sandra Afione, Paul P. Tak, Bruce J. Baum
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Objective: Sj|[ouml]|gren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune exocrinopathy mainly affecting lacrimal and salivary glands, results in ocular and oral dryness (keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia). The etiology and pathogenesis are largely unknown; currently, only palliative treatment is available. Gene transfer of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), based on its immunomodulatory properties, potentially may be useful in management of SS.

Methods: A serotype 2 recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the human VIP transgene (rAAV2hVIP) was constructed and its efficacy tested in the female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model for SS following retrograde instillation in submandibular glands (SMGs). 1010 particles/gland of rAAV2hVIP or rAAV2LacZ (encoding |[szlig]|-galactosidase; control vector) were administered at 8 weeks of age (before sialadenitis onset). Salivary flow rates were determined before vector delivery and at time of sacrifice (16 weeks of age). After sacrifice, saliva, serum and SMGs were harvested. Analysis of salivary output, inflammatory infiltrates (focus scores), VIP protein expression, cytokine profile in gland extracts, and serum anti-VIP antibodies was performed.

Results: rAAV2hVIP led to significantly improved salivary flow, increased SMG expression of VIP, and reduction of SMG cytokines IL-2, IL-10, IL-12(p70) and TNF-|[alpha]|, and serum RANTES, compared to control vector. There was no difference in focus scores between groups and neutralizing antibodies were not detected.

Conclusion: This study shows that local delivery of rAAV2hVIP can have disease-modifying effects in SMGs of the NOD mouse model of SS. This is the first report employing VIP as a potential treatment for SS. This strategy may be useful for both understanding and managing the salivary component of SS.
Scaffold/Extracellular Matrix Hybrid Constructs for Bone‐Tissue Engineering
Authors: Richard A. Thibault, Antonios G. Mikos, F. Kurtis Kasper
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract The limited natural ability of the body to fully repair large bone defects often necessitates the implantation of a replacement material to promote healing. While the current clinical strategies to address such bone defects generally carry associated limitations, bone‐tissue engineering approaches seek to minimize any adverse effects and facilitate complete regeneration of the lost tissue. Of particular interest are hybrid constructs that incorporate multiple components found within the native bone matrix to enhance the osteogenicity of biocompatible materials, which might otherwise be non‐osteogenic. This Progress Report will focus on such hybrid constructs that incorporate multiple components from native bone matrix for bone‐tissue engineering and will highlight the synthesis and characterization of the hybrid constructs, cellular attachment and proliferation within the constructs, in vitro osteogenicity of the constructs, and the biological response to in vivo implantation of the constructs at ectopic and orthotopic sites.
Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, and Cancer
Authors: Richard J. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In their important controlled trial that examined the use of a high polyunsaturated fat diet for the prevention of atherosclerotic complications in Los Angeles veterans, Dayton and co-workers 1 reported a successful reduction in serum cholesterol levels and in fatal atherosclerotic complications. However, because of a compensatory increase in fatal cancers in the treatment group, there was no significant difference in overall mortality between the control and treatment groups. This finding was somewhat discouraging to those who hoped for a dietary solution to the atherosclerosis problem. However, it was pointed out that these men were old (average age, 67 years), and the competing mortality from cancer might be expected to compensate for the diminished atherosclerotic mortality. However, later, more careful review of the deaths showed a greater occurrence of both respiratory and gastrointestinal malignant neoplasms in the treatment group as opposed to that in the controls. 2   In a recent
Effects of amiloride on renal lithium handling in nonazotemic ascitic cirrhotic patients with avid sodium retention
Authors: Paolo Angeli, Erica De Bei, Manuela Dalla Pria, Lorenza Caregaro, Giulio Ceolotto, Grazia Albino, Angelo Gatta
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The reliability of lithium clearance as an index of distal fluid delivery in cirrhosis with ascites and in other clinical conditions characterized by low fractional sodium excretion has not yet been proven. In particular, lithium reabsorption in the amiloridesensitive segment of the distal tubule, as evidenced in experimental studies, has not been excluded in such clinical conditions. Thus the acute effect of amiloride on renal lithium handling in 15 nonazotemic ascitic cirrhotic patients with avid sodium retention was evaluated after at least 5 days of controlled sodium intake. Renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, fractional sodium excretion, fractional lithium excretion, fractional potassium excretion, fractional excretion of uric acid, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and human atrial natriuretic peptide were evaluated before and for 6 hr after the administration of amiloride (20 mg/os). After amiloride administration a volume replacement scheme was enacted with intravenous amounts of saline solution, determined by the diuretic and natriuretic effect of the drug, to avoid volume depletion. Amiloride induced a prompt and sustained increase in fractional sodium excretion (from 0.28% ± 0.09% to 1.0% ± 0.41%, p < 0.001) and a decrease in fractional potassium excretion (from 9.38% ± 5.98% to 3.28% ± 2.24%, p < 0.0025), whereas it did not affect fractional lithium excretion and fractional excretion of uric acid. No change was observed in renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and human atrial natriuretic peptide. It was concluded that lithium is not reabsorbed in the amiloride-sensitive segment of the distal tubule in nonazotemic ascitic cirrhotic patients with avid sodium retention. (Hepatology 1992;15:651–654).
Epstein–Barr Virus/Human Vector Provides High-Level, Long-Term Expression of α1-Antitrypsin in Mice
Authors: Stephanie M Stoll, Christopher R Sclimenti, Edward J Baba, Leonard Meuse, Mark A Kay, Michele P Calos
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

We have constructed plasmid DNA vectors that contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) sequences and the human gene (SERPINA1) encoding alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT). We demonstrate that a plasmid carrying the full SERPINA1 on a 19-kb genomic fragment and the EBV gene EBNA1 and its family of repeats binding sites undergoes efficient extrachromosomal replication in dividing mammalian tissue culture cells. Therefore, use of a whole genomic therapeutic gene to provide both replication and gene expression may be an effective gene therapy vector design, if the target cells are dividing. The efficacy of this same vector for expression of AAT in vivo in the nondividing cells of mouse liver was determined by hydrodynamic injection of naked plasmid DNA by means of the tail vein. A single injection of an EBV/genomic SERPINA1 vector provided >300 microg/ml of AAT, which approached normal plasma levels and persisted for the >9-month duration of the experiment. These data exceed most previously reported values, probably due to sequences in the genomic DNA that resist silencing of gene expression, possibly in combination with favorable effects on expression provided by the EBV sequences. These results demonstrate that plasmid DNA with the correct cis-acting sequences can provide in vivo long-term expression of protein at high levels that are therapeutically relevant for gene therapy.
Review of Linda Farber Post, Jeffrey Blustein, and Nancy Neveloff Dubler,<i>Handbook for Healthcare Ethics Committees</i><sup>1</sup>
Authors: George J. Agich
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

"Review of Linda Farber Post, Jeffrey Blustein, and Nancy Neveloff Dubler, Handbook for Healthcare Ethics Committees 1 ." , 7(6), pp. 66–67 Notes 1. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. 352 pp. $29.95, paperback.
Persistence of HBV-DNA in children with chronic hepatitis B who seroconverted to anti-HBs antibodies after interferon-α therapy: correlation with specific IgG subclass responses to HBsAg
Authors: Hanna Gregorek, Katarzyna Dzierżanowska-Fangrat, Marek Woynarowski, Paulina Jóźwiak, Ewa Witkowska-Vogtt, Jerzy Socha, Małgorzata Syczewska, Kazimierz Madaliński
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
1116-21 Comparison between myocardial contrast echocardiography and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in prediction of the myocardial viability after direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Haesun Seo, Jae Youn Moon, Young-Guk Ko, Seok-Min Kang, Jong-Won Ha, Se-Joong Rim, Yangsoo Jang, Wonheum Shim, Seung-Yun Cho, Kyu Ok Choe, Namsik Chung, Byoung Wook Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Immunologic Defect in Patients Recovered from Sarcoidosis
Authors: Harold L. Israel, Maurice Sones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

INSENSITIVITY to tuberculin has long been A recognized as a cardinal feature of sarcoidosis. Nitter1 described patients who reacted to tuberculin before the onset of sarcoidosis, did not react during the course of this disorder and regained tuberculin sensitivity on recovery. Similar observations have been mentioned by others2 , 3 and have been regarded as consistent with the concept that the depressed skin reactivity is the result of impaired immunologic mechanisms caused by the systemic lesions of sarcoidosis.4 Recently, in the course of another investigation, tuberculin tests were given patients who had recovered from sarcoidosis. Nearly all failed to react. This unexpected . . .
CUTANEOUS BASOPHIL (JONES-MOTE) HYPERSENSITIVITY AFTER "TOLEROGENIC" DOSES OF INTRAVENOUS OVALBUMIN IN THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Hal B. Richerson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) was studied for tolerogenic requirements. Graded doses of intravenous ovalbumin (OA) were given to guinea pigs which were subsequently immunized appropriately to produce CBH, classic delayed hypersensitivity (classic DH), and/or antibodies of both passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and hemolytic types. Results showed that doses of intravenous antigen sufficient to induce subsequent tolerance for classic DH and hemolytic antibody actually stimulate CBH reactivity and PCA antibody production. Other studies of dose-route relationships for CBH production demonstrated that optimal immunogenic dosage requirements for CBH varied widely with route of antigen employed. OA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) injected into footpads had low dosage requirements, intravenous OA had high dose requirements, and intradermal soluble OA dosage requirements were intermediate. The observation that blatant immunogenic responses occur during the early period of tolerance induction amplifies the significant heterogeneity of the cellular immune response and may be of importance in understanding tolerogenesis. Similar immunogenic-tolerogenic requirements and the prime role played by the basophil suggest a developmental or functional relationship between CBH and PCA antibody response.
Hemodynamic evaluation before and after closure of fenestrated Fontan. An acute study of changes in oxygen delivery.
Authors: Z M Hijazi, J T Fahey, C S Kleinman, G S Kopf, W E Hellenbrand
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Acute changes in hemodynamics and oxygen delivery accompanying temporary occlusion of atrial defects in 14 patients after a fenestrated Fontan procedure were evaluated at a median interval of 32 days after surgery to identify candidates for permanent transcatheter closure of their defects.Patients ranged in age from 9 months to 33 years and in weight from 7.9 to 69 kg. Right atrial (RA), left atrial (LA), and aortic pressures, mixed venous (SmvO2) and aortic (SaO2) oxygen saturation, and whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured, and systemic blood flow (Qs), systemic oxygen transport (SOT), and oxygen extraction were calculated before and after occlusion. SmvO2, VO2, and RA pressures did not change, but SaO2 increased from 84 +/- 6% to 95 +/- 3% (p less than 0.05), and LA pressures fell from 5.1 +/- 3.6 to 3.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Qs fell from 2.4 +/- 0.7 to 1.8 +/- 0.41.min-1.m-2 (p less than 0.05), SOT fell from 425 +/- 154 to 366 +/- 112 ml.O2.min-1.m-2 (p less than 0.05), and oxygen extraction increased from 0.40 +/- 0.12 to 0.46 +/- 0.13 (p less than 0.05). Only one patient did not undergo definitive closure of his defect because of a marked decrease in Qs and SOT with a significant rise in RA pressure.Although delayed closure of an atrial defect in these patients improved morbidity and mortality, the complete separation of the venous and systemic circulations was accomplished at the expense of decreased Qs and oxygen delivery despite the improved level of arterial oxygenation. The resting levels of oxygen extraction are elevated and will be associated with decreased exercise capability. The long-term benefits of closure of these fenestrations are yet to be shown.
Association between body size phenotype and sleep duration: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (KNHANES V)
Authors: Ja Young Ryu, Ji Sung Lee, Ho Cheol Hong, Hae Yoon Choi, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A Seo, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Kyung Mook Choi
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
ON THE CLINICAL RECOGNITION OF STRUCTURAL DISEASE OF THE PERIPHERAL VESSELS
Authors: G. W. Pickering
Journal: BMJ (1933)

are structurally diseased.-In 'assessing the significance of ON THE CLINICAL RECOGNITION OF cyanosis it is to be remembered that with equal rates of STRUCTURAL DISEASE OF THE blood flow high-coloured skin will be bluer than pale PERIPHERAL VESSELS * skin, for the vessels that contribute most to the excessive coloration of the skin-the venules-are those in which BY the blood has been largely robbed of its oxygen.
Abstract 1126: Mitochondrial DNA copy number and colorectal cancer risk: Results from the Shanghai Women's Health Study
Authors: Bo Huang, Yu-Tang Gao, Xiao Ou Shu, Wanqing Wen, Gong Yang, Guoliang Li, Bu-Tian Ji, Hong-Lan Li, Wong-Ho Chow, Wei Zheng, Qiuyin Cai
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Mitochondria play an important role in cellular energy metabolism, free radical generation, and apoptosis. Cumulative evidence suggests that mtDNA copy number may be a biomarker for cancer risk. Using a nested case-control design, we evaluated mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood cells in relation to colorectal cancer risk. Included in the study were 436 colorectal cancer cases and 881 matched controls identified from the Shanghai Woman's Health Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study conducted among Chinese women. Relative mtDNA copy number was determined in triplicate by a quantitative real-time PCR assay using peripheral blood cell DNA samples collected at the time of study enrollment, prior to cancer diagnosis. Baseline levels of mtDNA copy number were lower among women who subsequently developed colorectal cancer (geometric mean = 0.271, 95% CI: 0.263-0.279) than those who remained cancer-free (geometric mean = 0.281, 95% CI: 0.275-0.288) (P=0.0274). Multivariate adjusted odds ratios were 1.15 (95% CI: 0.80-1.65), 1.12 (95% CI: 0.78-1.60) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.10-2.26) for third to the first quartile of mtDNA copy numbers, respectively, comparing with the highest quartile (P for trend = 0.0135). The association varied little by the interval between blood draw and cancer diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first large prospective study evaluating the association of mtDNA copy number with subsequent risk of developing colorectal cancer. Our data suggests that decreased mtDNA copy number may be associated with increased colorectal cancer risk, and mtDNA copy number measured in peripheral blood cells may be a potential biomarker useful for colorectal cancer risk assessment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1126. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1126
ANTIGEN‐INDUCED LYMPHOBLAST TRANSFORMATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF COW'S MILK ALLERGIC DISEASES IN INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD
Authors: L. ENDRE, P. OSVÁTH
Journal: Allergy (1974)

The in vitro lymphocyte stimulation of 17 milk-allergic and eight control children was carried out with beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, bovine hair extract and phytohaemagglutinin. The blastic transformation was significant with at least one of the milk antigens in 15 of the patients, but only in one of the controls. In two clinical pictures, corresponding to milk allergy of Arthus type (Schönlein-Henoch purpura and Heiner pneumonitis), besides the high ratio of specific blastic transformation of the lymphocytes the cellular reaction to PHA was pathologically decreased. A significant correlation could be demonstrated between the degrees of blastic transformation to BSA and bovine hair extract.
A MEMORABLE PATIENT
Authors: E. Lavender
Journal: BMJ (1996)

I was groping my way forward, lost in the pell mell of her narrative, trying to distinguish between hyperbole and the exaggeration of overwrought nerves and the possibility of a serious problem. A medically sophisticated American, and an in vitro fertilisation patient to boot, she enveloped me in a swirl of medical terms and medically phrased description and opinion, blurring my vision …