tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tomotherapy after Pleurectomy or Decortication or Biopsy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Servet Bölükbas, Joachim Schirren, Michael Eberlein
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)

To the Editor: We read with great interest the important investigation by Minatel et al.1Minatel E Trovo M Polesel J et al.Tomotherapy after pleurectomy/decortication or biopsy for malignant pleural mesothelioma allows the delivery of high dose of radiation in patients with intact lung.J Thorac Oncol. 2012; 7: 1862-1866Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (41) Google Scholar reporting their experience with tomotherapy after pleurectomy/decortication or biopsy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Administration of radiation to patients with two intact lungs is challenging and the authors have to be congratulated for their novel approach and the results with regard to acute and mid-term toxicities. Safety and efficacy have been proved in several studies for novel radiation techniques in terms of pleural intensity-modulated radiation therapy and tomotherapy.2Rimner A Rosenzweig KE Novel radiation therapy approaches in malignant pleural mesothelioma.Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2012; 1: 457-461https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2225-319X.2012.10.07Crossref Google Scholar As MPM is a rare and rapidly fatal disease, knowledge about disease-free survival, overall survival, and patterns of failure are of great importance for every study reporting outcomes after treatment for MPM. Patterns of local failure might be the most important test of adequate treatment planning (clinical target volume [CTV]) and treatment success.3Berthelsen AK Dobbs J Kjellén E et al.What's new in target volume definition for radiologists in ICRU Report 71? How can the ICRU volume definitions be integrated in clinical practice?.Cancer Imaging. 2007; 7: 104-116Crossref PubMed Scopus (37) Google Scholar The CTV going from the lung apex to the vicinity of the L2 vertebral body is very well described. The median follow-up was 19 months ranging from 6 to 29 months in this study. Thus, at least short-term and mid-term results should be available about treatment failures in terms of relapse within and/or outside CTV. Further more, because the interlobar pleura were not included in the CTV it would be interesting to see whether there were any differences of local recurrence within the area of the fissures in patients undergoing pleurectomy and patients only having undergone biopsy for MPM.
Abstracts often do not accurately reflect trial results, study shows
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Bias and “spin” are commonplace in the reporting of trials of breast cancer treatments, a Canadian team has found. When trials failed to meet their headline objectives, authors often found positive results among the small print, and the severity of adverse effects was often understated.

Authors and journals needed to do better and readers to be alert to such subtle manipulation, say Ian Tannock and colleagues from Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto.

The team searched for phase III trials of treatments of breast cancer between 1995 and 2011, finding 164 that met their criteria. They focused on the abstract—the only part of study …
Abstract B55: Mutation of PlexinB1 in prostate cancer
Authors: Magali Williamson, John Masters
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Semaphorins are secreted proteins that have a role in chemotaxis and are implicated in cancer. Plexins are membrane-bound receptors for semaphorins. We have found a high frequency of mutations in the plexinB1 gene and overexpression of the protein in prostate tumours (Wong et al., 2007; PNAS 104: 19040-5) indicating a role for plexinB1 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. The mutations of plexinB1 found in prostate tumours are functionally significant, increasing cell motility, invasive capacity, adhesion and inhibiting cell collapse. The mutations affect signalling pathways downstream of plexinB1, inhibiting Rac, Rnd, and R-Ras binding to plexinB1 and R-RasGAP activity. The mutations have the net effect of increasing cell motility by the loss of inhibitory pathways. We have now found that knockdown of endogenous plexinB1 in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP inhibits anchorage-independent growth, while stimulation with semaphorin4D, the ligand for plexinB1, increases the migration and invasive capacity of LNCaP cells. These effects are reversed by expression of shRNA to plexinB1. Stimulation with semaphorin4D also results in ErbB2 and Akt activation. The opposite effects occur in the prostate cancer cell line PC3 in response to semaphorin4D. The opposite response of LNCaP and PC3 may be due to high levels of ErbB2 or c-Met expressed by the two cell lines respectively. These findings provide evidence for a subset of prostate tumours in which plexinB1 acts as a tumour-enhancing gene by activating ErbB2 and in which mutation of plexinB1 results in loss of cancer-inhibitory pathways. Citation Format: Magali Williamson, John Masters. Mutation of PlexinB1 in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B55.
"THE ABDOMINAL PAIN OF THROAT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN," AND APPENDICITIS
Authors: JOSEPH BRENNEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Six years ago I1reported some observations and impressions on the occurrence of a peculiar abdominal pain, or pains, in the course of throat infections in children. Although the paper did not elicit any comment at that time, the symptom complex then described has since attracted rather wide interest and has entered fairly extensively into the recent literature on abdominal conditions, accompanied by pain, in children. I am more than ever convinced that this pain, which is of little, if any, therapeutic or prognostic interest, is of great importance in the differential diagnosis of abdominal conditions in children when pain is a cardinal symptom. Of these, appendicitis is obviously the most important in this connection. Since writing that paper and others,2it has been my unhappy experience on a number of occasions to see the diagnosis of appendicitis discounted, or even excluded, because the patient had a throat
242 Natural history of untreated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on cirrhosis: Survival analysis and prognostic factors in 559 patients
Authors: L. Benvegnu, M. Gios, F. Pasin, A. Di Nolfo, P. Del Poggio, G. Rapaccini, E. Farinati, M. Zoli, E. Borzio, E.G. Giannini, E. Caturelli, A. Alberti, M. Bernardi, E. Trevisani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Injuries to the Eye from Shot, etc
Authors: W. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1851)

THERE is a class of injuries to which sportsmen are especially liable, and which medical men are sometimes called upon to treat under cir- cumstances the reverse of favourable.Upon these I propose to offer a few observations.Cover shooting is a frequent source of injuries to the eye, from the circumstance of small shot being very liable to glance from the branches of trees in unexpected directions, and also from the eagerness of some sportsmen, who cannot resist a tempting shot, regardless of the proxi- mity of others, whereby many persons have been blinded for life.Fragments of copper caps are another source of injury to these organs, though less frequently so than formerly, from the superior make of the caps themselves, and of the gun-locks; and, lastly, the eyes may be punctured or lacerated by thorns.I1JURIEs FROM S3HOT.The external effects produced upon the eye- ball by a shot-pellet are, according to my observation, three in number.If the shot be spent, it will bruise and not penetrate the eye, causing considerable ecchymosis externally, and not unfrequently paralysis of the retina.If the eye be struck obliquely by the round pellet, it will glance off, cutting a little furrow which marks its course; but if the eye be struck point blank, or if the shot has been flattened orjagged by pre- vious collision, the tunics will probably be penetrated, and the shot will lodge in the interior of the globe.The peculiarly tough structure of the sclerotic offers great resistance to the progress of a shot; hence, it fre- quently glances off altogether, if the outer side of the eye be struck, or lodges in the orbit, if the inner side.Those cases, in which a grain of shot pierces the eye; (except when fired at a very short distance), ap.pear to be most frequent when the lid is struck in the first instance; as, for example, by a shot glancing downwards from the branch of a tree.Much, however, will depend on the angle of incidence and on VOL.III.
Treatment Modalities for T1N0 Esophageal Cancers: A Comparative Analysis of Local Therapy Versus Surgical Resection
Authors: Mark F. Berry, Josiane Zeyer-Brunner, Anthony W. Castleberry, Jeremiah T. Martin, Beat Gloor, Ricardo Pietrobon, Thomas A. D'Amico, Mathias Worni
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Abstract 4317: Does a New or Presumed New Left Bundle Branch Block Have Equivalent Mortality to an Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Kimble Poon, Paul D Frederick, William J French
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: The ACC/AHA Guidelines for Management of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction give a Class I recommendation for immediate reperfusion therapy for patients presenting with either ST elevations or a new or presumed new LBBB. However, the evidence supporting the recommendation for treatment of a new or presumed new LBBB is limited. Objective: To determine if a new or presumed new left bundle branch block carries the same in-hospital mortality as a STEMI. Methods: This retrospective study of the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction database compared the in-hospital mortality of 444,198 non-transfer patients presenting with new or presumed new LBBB, NSTEMI, STEMI, or anterior STEMI. Patients with old LBBB were excluded. A multivariate linear regression model adjusted for 53 independent variables representing patient demographics, previous medical history, clinical presentation, and treatments received, including reperfusion therapy. Results: The unadjusted mortality for patients p...
A memorable patient: It's the community that counts
Authors: S. Ghebrehewet
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Soon after qualifying in 1988 I was assigned to a remote health centre in Ethiopia. People would travel for days to reach the centre and then queue for hours to see a doctor. During this time I encountered an old man with his son who were to change my outlook on public health.

The old man had brought his son to be treated. They were both diagnosed as having scabies and were given appropriate instructions and prescriptions. But the old …
Sclerotherapy of Esophageal Varices: An Endoscopic and Portographic Study
Authors: Claes Söderlund, Lars Backman, Rolf Erwald, Lennart Forsgren, Olle Marions, Karl-Ludvig Wiechel
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

A prospective series of 26 patients with portal hypertension and recent bleeding from esophageal varices was investigated with percutaneous transhepatic selective portography (PTP). PTP was performed immediately prior to and, in 23 patients, just after the initial endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (ST) session to study the acute effects of ST on the mediastinal portal-systemic collaterals. Late follow-up PTP was performed after a median of 8 months in 21 of 26 patients considered endoscopically to be free from esophageal varices after a median of 6 ST sessions. Five patients rebled from esophageal or gastric varices during the follow-up period of 15 months, but there were no fatalities due to variceal hemorrhage. In all patients, the initial PTP showed portal-systemic mediastinal collaterals. Immediately after ST, it was not possible to opacify esophageal varices at all (10 patients) or only partially (7 patients). Five patients died prior to late follow-up PTP. Endoscopic judgment of complete eradication of esophageal varices after repeated ST was in agreement with the late PTP results in 18 of 21 patients. In one patient, PTP showed residual esophageal varices subsequently confirmed by endoscopy. The results were uncertain in two patients for technical reasons. This study supports the opinion that submucosal esophageal varicose veins, as visualized by PTP, can be efficiently eradicated by serial ST, leaving the other mediastinal collaterals unaffected.
Health professionals call on UK government to stop immigration detention of children
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The detention of children and their families awaiting deportation after being denied asylum is harmful to their health and should be stopped without delay, say the UK’s leading child health and related organisations.

The briefing paper from the Royal College of General Practitioners, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the UK Faculty of Public Health found evidence of harm to the physical and mental health of children and teenagers in the United Kingdom who are subjected to administrative immigration detention.

Rosalyn Proops, officer for child protection with the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and one of the papers authors, warned: “We are very concerned about the health and wellbeing of children in administrative immigration detention. These children are among the …
94 DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MURINE MODEL FOR AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS (AIH) USEFUL FOR PATHOGENIC STUDIES AND PRECLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: I. Gil Fariña, M. Di Scala, N. Zabaleta, E. López-Franco, C. Olagüe, Á. Vales, L. Guembe, J. Prieto, G. González- Aseguinolaza
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Polymorphisms 1704G/T and 2184A/G in the RAGE gene are associated with antioxidant status
Authors: Kate[rcaron]ina Ka[ncaron]kov[aacute], Ivana M[aacute]rov[aacute], Ji[rcaron][iacute] Z[aacute]hejsk[yacute], Jan Mu[zcaron][iacute]k, Andrea Stejskalov[aacute], Vladim[iacute]r Znojil, Ji[rcaron][iacute] V[aacute]cha
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Glutamine production by the isolated perfused rat heart during ammonium chloride perfusion
Authors: S. DAVIDSON, E. H. SONNENBLICK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article Glutamine production by the isolated perfused rat heart during ammonium chloride perfusion Get access SIDNEY DAVIDSON, SIDNEY DAVIDSON From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK 2 From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA 2Present address: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx. New York, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 3, May 1975, Pages 295–301, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.3.295 Published: 01 May 1975
Abstract B2: Alterations of <i>p53, PTEN,</i> and <i>EGFR</i> genes in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Jasna Bankovic, Vedrana Milinkovic, Miodrag Rakic, Milos Jokovic, Tijana Andjelkovic, Ana Podolski-Renic, Nikola Tanic, Sabera Ruzdijic
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Glioblastomas are the most frequent and the most aggressive human brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most intensively investigated human malignancy but the molecular mechanisms associated with the evolution of this type of tumor are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in EGFR oncogene and PTEN and p53 tumor supressor genes in 35 glioma specimen and to evaluate their role in glioma pathogenesis. DNA from tumor and blood of 35 patients with glioma was isolated and used to perform analysis of p53 mutational status using single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis (PCR- SSCP) and sequencing, evaluate loss of heterozigosity (LOH) in p53 and PTEN by fragment analysis, and to asseess EGFR gene amplification by differential PCR. Obtained results were further correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Loss of heterozygosity of PTEN was the most frequent alteration present in 62.86% of samples, followed by EGFR amplification detected in 40% of cases, while p53 gene was mutated in 28.57% of cases and inactivated by LOH in 20% of cases. All three genes were altered in 11.43% of samples, while 45.71 % of samples had only one of these three genes aberrant. We also identified 5 novel mutations in p53 that were not associated with brain tumors before. Correlation analysis indicated that p53 alterations were significantly associated with younger age (&amp;lt;50) and lower tumor grade in contrast to PTEN and EGFR. Concomitant PTEN inactivation and EGFR amplification appeared significantly more frequent in higher grade tumors. This suggests that p53 alteration could be an early event in tumor development, while PTEN inactivation and EGFR amplification may lead to tumor progression and therefore indicate a subgroup of patients with more aggressive disease. Further investigations, that are underway, including analysis of other genes involved in glioma pathogenesis, will enable us to gain more detailed insight into the glioma pathogenesis. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B2.
A memorable patiend: Another paper lost
Authors: N. Mayne
Journal: BMJ (1998)

She was a pretty, fair haired girl of 16. She and her parents had just returned from a disastrous skiing holiday in her father's native Austria. Before leaving she had noticed thirst and polyuria for a fortnight. While on holiday she had abdominal pain and a normal appendix was removed. After the operation the blood glucose concentration was 18 …
Needle aspiration of the breast with immediate reporting of material.
Authors: H L Duguid, R A Wood, A D Irving, P E Preece, A Cuschieri
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Needle aspiration with immediate cytological reporting has been practised in a breast clinic for one year. Patients benefit by receiving immediately the provisional diagnosis and, when indicated, appointments for metastatic surveys. Close co-operation between surgeon and cytologist has resulted in increased skill in aspiration, better preparation of samples, and greater accuracy in interpretation of reports. Since 5% of clinically benign lesions have proved malignant, even on immediate reporting, we would recommend cytological examination of all breast lumps.
Serum interferon levels and natural killer cell activity in patients with asbestosis.
Authors: S Kagamimori, M Watanabe, M Kubota, A Okada, K Yokoyama, K Nobutomo
Journal: Thorax (1984)

<b>Introduction:</b> Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended for patients with chronic lung diseases by ATS or ERS independent of underlying disease. Data examining the role of PR in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are limited, so far only a benefit of PR in patients with COPD is widely accepted. Aim of our study is to evaluate an in-patient PR in view of functional status and quality of life in ILD-patients. <b>Methods:</b> 402 ILD-patients (IPF n=202, hypersensitivity pneumonitis n=59, sarcoidosis n=50, rheumatic disease n=24, other n=67) with in-patient PR from 1999 to 2010 in a specialised centre were included. Mean duration of PR was 30±1 days. Pulmonary function, blood-gas analysis, 6-minute-walk test (6MWT), dyspnoea rating with visual-analogue-scale (VAS) and health-related quality of life (SF36-questionnaire) were evaluated on admission and discharge of PR-clinic. <b>Results:</b> 6MWT showed a significant improvement with 46±3m (admission 308±6m, discharge 354±6m, p&lt;0.001). Dyspnoea rating before and after PR was indistinguishable. Lung function testing showed only a marginal improvement (vital capacity +1.3±0.4%, p=0.001). SF-36-questionnaire demonstrated an increase in all eight subscores as well as in physical and mental health summary scores (physical: +1.8±0.5 points, p&lt;0.001; mental: +6.3±0.9 points, p&lt;0.001). Underlying disease did not show any influence on improvement, but patients with signs of pulmonary hypertension had less improvement in 6MWD (36±5m vs. 49±3m, p&lt;0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> PR has a positive impact on functional status and quality of life in ILD-patients. Therefore PR should be considered as a standard of care for patients with ILD.
Extracellular metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce bronchoconstriction by different mechanisms.
Authors: R Forteza, I T Lauredo, R Burch, W M Abraham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Bacterial supernatants (BS) obtained from broth cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause bronchoconstriction in sheep, suggesting that BS contain proinflammatory metabolites. In this study we investigated the mechanism(s) responsible for this bronchial effect. BS were obtained from 48 h cultures and sterilized by filtration. Sheep (n = 6) were intubated and swallowed an esophageal balloon for the measurement of specific lung resistance (SRL). Aerosols of BS (3 ml total) immediately increased SRL (541%). Neither aerosolized broth (control) nor inhaled endotoxin in excess of that contained in the BS had an effect. BS challenges were repeated on separate occasions except that the sheep were treated 30 min before challenge with the anticholinergic agent atropine (0.2 mg/kg, intravenously); the anti-allergic agent nedocromil (1 mg/kg, aerosol); the histamine H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine (2 mg/kg); or the bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonists NPC-567 (5 mg/ml, aerosol) or NPC-17761 (1 mg/ml aerosol). The results showed that greater than 90% protection (p < 0.05) was achieved when the animals were pretreated with atropine, nedocromil sodium, or either of the two BK antagonists, but only 27 +/- 21% protection was seen with chlorpheniramine pretreatment. These findings are characteristic of a BK-mediated response. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained before and after BS challenge confirmed that i-kinins, but not histamine, increased (p < 0.05) from 61 +/- 7 to 304 +/- 55 pg/ml. Control (broth) challenges produced no such change. To identify the metabolites involved, we tested the effects of aerosolizing two suspected components of BS, 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-HP) and pyocyanine (PYO) in five sheep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE NATURE OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH WITH REFLECTIONS ON THE RESEARCH OF FREUD AND HUGHLINGS JACKSON AND ON THE LIMITATIONS OF STATISTICS
Authors: MAX LEVIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Pyschiatric research, in the best sense of the term, means the explanation of behavior. The mere gathering of facts, which are then treated statistically, is not necessarily the highest type of research. Freud's work and the work of Hughlings Jackson on the mind-brain problem are held up as examples of research of the highest quality, with specific reference to Jackson's demonstration of the value in delirium of his concept of "reduction to a more automatic condition."