tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Manual of Tropical Medicine.
Authors: Aldo Castellani, Albert John Chalmers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

The third edition of Castellani and Chalmers' "Tropical Medicine" presents to us in enlarged form a work that is of the greatest value to dermatologists. It is valuable for its account of skin diseases in the tropics, but its greatest value lies in the systematic and exact exposition of the subject of the vegetable and animal parasites that attack the skin. In this field it is a reference book which the reviewer has in the past found invaluable. One cannot but admire to the highest degree the thoroughness with which these subjects have been covered. Not less than 270 pages are devoted to the section on skin diseases, not including such important diseases as yaws, verruca peruana, leprosy and pellagra, which are treated under general diseases, nor the parasitology of skin diseases, which is a part of the general consideration of parasitology. This amount given to skin diseases is testimony
Key Topics in Gastroenterology.
Authors: J MEENAN
Journal: Gut (2000)

Key Topics in Gastroenterology. Edited by Anderson SHC, Davies G, Dalton HR. (Pp 286; £21.95.) Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, 1999. ISBN 1859962815.

Simon Anderson has put a lot of work into this book. He writes clearly, concisely and well. But, does the world need another handbook on gastroenterology?

What is the role of professional books, large or small, nowadays? Down at your local bookshop, Delia Smith will tell you how to make an omelette, Charlie Dimmock how to build that water feature; there's no real alternative. So, in the hospital who will tell you about haemachromatosis? The professional book has always held pride of place as the font of all knowledge. Owning such book gave peace of mind, but this was at a hefty price and that has always been the …
r<i>Clca2</i>is associated with epidermal differentiation and is strongly downregulated by ultraviolet radiation
Authors: G. Bart, L. Hämäläinen, L. Rauhala, P. Salonen, M. Kokkonen, T.W. Dunlop, P. Pehkonen, T. Kumlin, M.I. Tammi, S. Pasonen-Seppänen, R.H. Tammi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Excessive skin exposure to solar radiation damages proteins and DNA, ultimately leading to skin ageing and cancers.To identify new ultraviolet B (UVB) target genes to understand the mechanisms behind the detrimental effects of UVB.Organotypic, stratified cultures of rat keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and analysed using a genome-wide expression array, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and histology. The most downregulated gene, rClca2, was further characterized in rat keratinocytes and mouse skin models.A single, 30 mJ cm(-2) dose of broadband UVB proved effective in the organotypic epidermal culture. The expression of 627 genes was changed 24 h postirradiation. In silico analysis of the data indicated activation of DNA repair, metabolism, cell cycle control and amino acid metabolism, but only limited inflammation under these conditions. We selected for further investigation the most downregulated gene, rClca2, previously suggested to regulate keratinocyte differentiation and adhesion, and found that UVB caused a long-lasting downregulation in its expression. Both the rClca2 full-length isoform (expressed in the differentiating cells) and the truncated isoform (expressed in the basal layers) were reduced by UVB. Immunohistochemistry of mouse skin samples with isoform-specific antibodies showed a similar, epidermal differentiation-related pattern. In mouse specimens exposed to chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) the staining intensities were reduced and the differentiation-related isoform was disturbed in the hyperplastic and carcinomatous areas induced by UVR.The data show that rClca2 is a novel UVB target gene and suggest that it might play a role in epidermal differentiation and UV-dependent skin malignancies.
Different Nuclear Signals Are Activated by the B Cell Receptor during Positive Versus Negative Signaling
Authors: James I Healy, Ricardo E Dolmetsch, Luika A Timmerman, Jason G Cyster, Mathew L Thomas, Gerald R Crabtree, Richard S Lewis, Christopher C Goodnow
Journal: Immunity (1997)

It is not known how immunogenic versus tolerogenic cellular responses are signaled by receptors such as the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Here we compare BCR signaling in naive cells that respond positively to foreign antigen and self-tolerant cells that respond negatively to self-antigen. In naive cells, foreign antigen triggered a large biphasic calcium response and activated nuclear signals through NF-AT, NF-κB, JNK, and ERK/pp90rsk. In tolerant B cells, self-antigen stimulated low calcium oscillations and activated NF-AT and ERK/pp90rsk but not NF-κB or JNK. Self-reactive B cells lacking the phosphatase CD45 did not exhibit calcium oscillations or ERK/pp90rsk activation, nor did they repond negatively to self-antigen. These data reveal striking biochemical differences in BCR signaling to the nucleus during positive selection by foreign antigens and negative selection by self-antigens.
The Silent Majority
Authors: Peter R. Kowey
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Functional Changes in Coronary Microcirculation After Valve Replacement in Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Kim Rajappan, Ornella E. Rimoldi, Paolo G. Camici, Nicholas G. Bellenger, Dudley J. Pennell, Desmond J. Sheridan
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Increased extravascular compression and reduced diastolic perfusion time (DPT), rather than vascular remodeling, influence coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in aortic stenosis (AS). However, alterations after aortic valve replacement (AVR) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to quantify changes in transmural perfusion and coronary vasodilator reserve (CVR), a measure of microcirculatory function, after AVR and determine the relative contribution of left ventricular mass (LVM) regression, change in aortic valve area (AVA), and DPT.Twenty-two patients with AS were studied before and 1 year after AVR using echocardiography to measure AVA, cardiovascular magnetic resonance to assess LVM, and positron emission tomography to quantify resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow (MBF) and CVR. Regression of LVM occurred in all patients (from 129+/-30 to 94+/-24 g/m2; P<0.0001), and there was a significant reduction in resting MBF and increase in CVR corrected for rate-pressure product after AVR, although these changes displayed marked heterogeneity. Regression of LVM was linearly related to change in resting total LV blood flow but not CVR. Increase in hyperemic MBF and CVR transmurally was directly related to the increase in AVA after AVR. A significant relationship existed between the change in hyperemic DPT (1.0+/-4.7 s/min [range, 6.8 to 9.6]) and change in transmural CVR (y=0.08x+0.18; r=0.44; P=0.04).Changes in coronary microcirculatory function in patients with AS after AVR are not directly dependent on regression of LVM. Reduced extravascular compression and increased DPT are proposed as the main mechanisms for improvement in MBF and CVR after AVR.
Criteria for Screening Blood Donors: Science or Politics?
Authors: Jerome L. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I scanned the article by Dr Williams and colleague<sup>s</sup>regarding estimates of infectious disease risk factors in US blood donors with great interest and amusement. It is clear that the exclusion criteria for blood donors are based on politics, not science, weakening any scientific analysis of donor screening data for accuracy. It's a shame that something as important as US blood supply policy is governed by right-wing morality and not rigid science. According to the Blood Donor Deferral Criteria in Table 1 of the article, men who report having gay sex once in 1978 are excluded from donating blood, but heterosexuals who reported having sex with prostitutes or injection drug users in 1996 are acceptable for blood donation a year later in 1997! Consider an example: A student had sex with another male student in 1978, then remained celibate as he joined the seminary and remained
Book: Perspectives on Health and Exercise
Authors: C. Clark
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Eds Jim McKenna, Chris Riddoch Palgrave Macmillan, £18, pp 291 ISBN 0 333 78700 5 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The obesity epidemic in Westernised countries is the main culprit of the alarming rates of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer. Healthcare providers and policy makers are charged with finding solutions to this growing (pun intended) health need. Physical inactivity is a leading cause of such chronic illnesses, yet researchers and health policy makers pay relatively little … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
An Address ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN MEDICINE: Delivered at the Opening of the London School of Tropical Medicine
Authors: G. H.F. Nuttall
Journal: BMJ (1905)

T cell activation and proliferation requires a reducing microenvironment that is provided by dendritic cells (DC). Naturally occurring CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (Treg) can suppress autoimmunity by inhibiting CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>-</sup> effector T cells (Teff). The mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that inhibition by Treg cells of DC-induced extracellular redox remodeling is a component of the Treg immunosuppressive mechanism. We demonstrate that the increase in extracellular Cys concentration upon co-culture of DCs with Teff cells results from the system x<sub>c</sub><sup>-</sup>-dependent import of cystine, its conversion to glutathione, which is subsequently exported and degraded by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and a dipeptidase, to furnish Cys. Suppression of DC-dependent Teff cell proliferation by Treg cells is correlated with a significant diminution in extracellular Cys concentration and is abrogated by addition of exogenous Cys. The decrease in the extracellular redox potential during T cell activation is associated with an increase in the levels of exofacial surface thiols in both DCs and T cells, which is diminished in the presence of Treg cells. This study elucidates the pathway of thiol release by DCs in response to T cell stimulation, demonstrates that Treg cells interfere with the process of extracellular redox remodeling and identifies a novel mechanism for immunomodulation.
Phase III Study to Evaluate Temsirolimus Compared With Investigator's Choice Therapy for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Georg Hess, Raoul Herbrecht, Jorge Romaguera, Gregor Verhoef, Michael Crump, Christian Gisselbrecht, Anna Laurell, Fritz Offner, Andrew Strahs, Anna Berkenblit, Orysia Hanushevsky, Jill Clancy, Becker Hewes, Laurence Moore, Bertrand Coiffier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Temsirolimus, a specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase, has shown clinical activity in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We evaluated two dose regimens of temsirolimus in comparison with investigator's choice single-agent therapy in relapsed or refractory disease.In this multicenter, open-label, phase III study, 162 patients with relapsed or refractory MCL were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive one of two temsirolimus regimens: 175 mg weekly for 3 weeks followed by either 75 mg (175/75-mg) or 25 mg (175/25-mg) weekly, or investigator's choice therapy from prospectively approved options. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) by independent assessment.Median PFS was 4.8, 3.4, and 1.9 months for the temsirolimus 175/75-mg, 175/25-mg, and investigator's choice groups, respectively. Patients treated with temsirolimus 175/75-mg had significantly longer PFS than those treated with investigator's choice therapy (P = .0009; hazard ratio = 0.44); those treated with temsirolimus 175/25-mg showed a trend toward longer PFS (P = .0618; hazard ratio = 0.65). Objective response rate was significantly higher in the 175/75-mg group (22%) compared with the investigator's choice group (2%; P = .0019). Median overall survival for the temsirolimus 175/75-mg group and the investigator's choice group was 12.8 months and 9.7 months, respectively (P = .3519). The most frequent grade 3 or 4 adverse events in the temsirolimus groups were thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia, and asthenia.Temsirolimus 175 mg weekly for 3 weeks followed by 75 mg weekly significantly improved PFS and objective response rate compared with investigator's choice therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory MCL.
Almost 50 new psychoactive substances were reported to EU in 2011
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The European drugs scene is becoming increasingly complex as users are confronted with a wide variety of powders and pills, says the latest annual report from the Lisbon based European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).1

Cocaine, ecstasy, and amphetamines are the most widely used stimulants but are now competing with a growing number of new synthetic drugs such as cathinones. In 2011 a record 49 new psychoactive substances were officially notified to the European Union’s early warning system—averaging almost one every week.

The number is an increase on the 41 reported in …
Transurethral Resection of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Transitional Cell Cancers With or Without 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Under Visible and Fluorescent Light: Results of a Prospective, Randomised, Multicentre Study
Authors: Martin C. Schumacher, Sten Holmäng, Thomas Davidsson, Bengt Friedrich, Jörgen Pedersen, N. Peter Wiklund
Journal: European Urology (2009)
PATIENTS' EXPECTANCIES AND RELEARNING AS FACTORS DETERMINING IMPROVEMENT IN PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: JEROME D. FRANK, LESTER H. GLIEDMAN, STANLEY D. IMBER, ANTHONY R. STONE, EARL H. NASH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

A group of psychiatric outpatients received either individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy or minimal therapy for about 6 months. After 6 months the treatment experiences of the patients became increasingly varied. Patients were rated with respect to change in subjective discomfort and social ineffectiveness at 6 months and at regular follow-up intervals up to 2 years. It was found that at 6 months the average discomfort had markedly decreased, and that the decrease was the same regardless of kind or amount of treatment. Symptoms of anxiety and depression tended to be scored higher initially and to decline more than somatic complaints. Subsequent studies with these and similar patients showed that a similar drop in discomfort could be found within one week, or even in the course of a single interview. A significant improvement in social ineffectiveness also was found at 6 months. It was significantly greater for patients who had received group or individual therapy than for those in minimal therapy or those who dropped out within 4 sessions. After 6 months, improvement in discomfort was maintained but did not increase, whereas social ineffectiveness continued to improve throughout the observational period. These results are consistent with the view that improvement in psychotherapy may be produced by at least 2 factors: 1. Non-specific expectancy of relief; 2. Relearning, which is related to the amount and kind of treatment contact.
TCT-335 Angiographic findings and clinical predictors of coronary artery disease in high-risk, asymptomatic patients undergoing kidney transplantation evaluation.
Authors: Edilberto C. Pereira Junior, Claudia Alves, Antonio C. Carvalho, Eduardo R. Lima, Cristiano F. Souza, Helio T. Silva Junior, Rósley A. Fernandes, Maria Lucia d Vaz, Jose Osmar M. Pestana, Valter Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 2393: Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells in a mouse model of colorectal cancer
Authors: Avisnata Das, Tiffany L. Whitcomb, Joshua E. Allen, David T. Dicker, Kristi L. Peters, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are indicative of disease burden in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and high counts are believed to adversely affect outcome. However there has been a lack of suitable mouse models to study CTCs in mCRC. Here we report the development of an orthotopic model of mCRC in athymic nude mice from which we have successfully isolated and enumerated CTCs using the FDA-approved Veridex Cellsearch technology (Table 1). So far we have injected 5 mice with a million cells each of the human CRC cell line DLD-1 within the layers of the cecal wall for tumor xenografts to grow. 200 microL of blood has been collected every 2 weeks, till the endpoint of 16 weeks or a humane endpoint, from the medial saphenous vein of the mouse for CTC detection. In our protocol, human leucocyte filters are used as a RBC source. The blood is centrifuged at 800 G for 10 minutes in a CellSave tube, the serum removed and replaced by an equal volume of PBS. Mouse blood is transferred to this tube after collection. Efforts are on to show CTCs from mice injected with tumor cells labeled with a suitable cellular dye like Cellvue. At the endpoint, after humanely euthanizing a mouse, the cecum and organs are analyzed for possible secondary spread (liver, lungs, mesenteric lymph nodes) following resection and preservation. H/E staining is performed for evidence of primary or metastatic tumor tissue. Positive tissue samples are further analysed using immunostaining for stem cell markers and prognostic markers CD133, CD26, ALDH1, Mcl-1, EFGR, Ki67. We are analyzing isolated CTCs for expression of these markers and note the extent of concordance. The mouse model should help to understand the role of CTCs in evaluating metastasis as well as to validate the use of CTCs as tools for “liquid biopsy” of tumors. Table 1. CTC counts in the mice at different time points from injection of cells. Mouse 4 is the negative control mouse of the cohort which received injection of normal saline instead of cancer cell suspension. * denotes clotted sample. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2393. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2393
Effects of PUVA on delayed hypersensitivity in the guinea-pig
Authors: JOAR AUSTAD, NILS-JORGEN MORK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Guinea-pigs previously sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were topically treated with 8-methoxypsoralen solution and longwave ultraviolet light (PUVA). The animals showed moderate or no clinical and microscopic responses to an elicitation dose of DNCB given immediately after the period of treatment. Exposure to ultraviolet light or psoralen alone did not affect the allergic response. Ten days after PUVA treatment there was a normal eczematous reaction after application of DNCB.
Minimizing the Impact of Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP)
Authors: Daniel B. Jernigan
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Emergence of drug-resistant<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>(DRSP) presents a challenge to the medical and public health communities since the magnitude of the problem is not known, the clinical impact of DRSP infections is not well described, national vaccination rates are low, and antimicrobial drugs are often used excessively and inappropriately. To address the problem of DRSP, a working group sponsored by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was formed in June 1994 consisting of public health practitioners, health care providers, and clinical laboratorians representing state and federal agencies and various professional organizations. Through periodic open meetings, the working group has developed a strategy for surveillance, investigation, prevention, and control of infections due to DRSP. The strategy focuses on (1) implementing an electronic laboratory-based surveillance (ELBS) system for reporting invasive DRSP infections and providing clinically relevant feedback to clinicians, (2) identifying risk factors and outcomes of DRSP infection, (3) increasing pneumococcal vaccination, and (4) promoting judicious antimicrobial drug use. Data received through ELBS will be used to make timely estimates of the community-specific prevalence of drug-resistant pneumococci. National, regional, and local trends will be made available to health care providers and clinicians to promote optimal antimicrobial drug use and increased vaccination in targeted areas. Once in operation, the ELBS network will be adaptable to other diseases, improving the comprehensiveness and timeliness of public health surveillance. The intended outcome of the strategy is to reduce complications of DRSP infection, such as long-term sequelae of infection, health care expenditures, morbidity, and mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:206-209)
Applications of Social Science to Clinical Medicine and Health Policy
Authors: Lu Ann Aday
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In the ancient folktale of "The Emperor's Clothes," a magician is said to have offered to weave a beautiful suit of clothing for the Emperor that would, however, the magician claimed, be visible only to the wisest in the land. Once the magician completed his task, the Emperor decided to hold a parade to show off his resplendent new attire. His followers lined the parade route to see the magician's highly praised handiwork. As the Emperor proceeded through the cheering throng of people, a small boy stepped from the crowd, and exclaimed, "Look, the Emperor has no clothes!" Suddenly, the Emperor halted in his path and a hushed silence fell over the crowd as the reality of the child's remark became apparent to all who heard. Similarly, this book, an edited series of contributions by eminent social and behavioral scientists, provides new insights into the realities that confront the clinical
HOLOCAIN HYDROCHLORID; SOME NOTES ON ITS USE IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY.
Authors: J. WHITEFIELD SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Up to the present time but little experiment has been made in the use of holocain in ophthalmic surgery. But from the clinical notes so far at hand, it would appear that it has some advantages and may prove to be a very useful drug in ophthalmic practice. "Holocain is a synthetic substance having the composition of para-di-ethoxy-diphenyl-ethenyl-amidin, and the hydrochlorid has been used in a 1 per cent. solution as an anesthetic in ophthalmic practice, but on account of toxic properties is not recommended for hypodermic injection. Anesthesia is prompt and lasting, and is not accompanied by mydriasis or disturbances of the accommodation" (<i>British Medical Journal</i>). Dr. Robert Brudenell Carter of London contributed an article to the<i>Lancet</i>of May 29, in which he called attention to a paper read before the Belgian Academy of Medicine March 27, 1897, by Dr. Deneffe of Ghent, whose observations in the use of