tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic pancreatic and biliary manometry in pancreatic, biliary, and papillary disease, and after endoscopic sphincterotomy and surgical sphincteroplasty.
Authors: J A Gregg, D L Carr-Locke
Journal: Gut (1984)

Endoscopic manometry was used to measure pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter pressures in 43 healthy volunteers and 162 patients with a variety of papillary, pancreatic and biliary disorders. Common bile duct pressure was significantly raised after cholecystectomy, with common bile duct stones and papillary stenosis but pancreatic duct pressure only in papillary stenosis. After endoscopic sphincterotomy mean common bile duct pressure fell from 11.2 to 1.1 mmHg and pancreatic duct pressure from 18.0 to 11.2 mmHg. Distinct pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter zones were identified as phasic pressures of 3-12 waves/minute on pull-through from pancreatic duct and common bile duct to duodenum. Pancreatic duct sphincter pressures were higher with common bile duct stones and stenosis whereas bile duct sphincter pressures were higher in pancreatitis and stenosis. Bile duct sphincter activity was present in 60% of patients after surgical sphincteroplasty but 21% of patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopic manometry facilitated the diagnosis of papillary stenosis, has allowed study of papillary pathophysiology and has shown a functional inter-relationship between the two sphincteric zones.
"Tsunami of obesity" threatens all regions of world, researchers find
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Obesity levels continue to climb worldwide, but high income countries have managed to mitigate some of the harmful effects by achieving impressive reductions in blood pressure and cholesterol concentrations over the past 30 years.

These findings come from a vast amount of data gathered from every country in the world by the Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborative Group and published in three reports in the Lancet (www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)62037-5/abstract).

The data show that in 2008 one in three adults in the world was overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and one in nine adults was obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Since 1980 the average body mass index (BMI) has increased in all regions, but now middle income countries have caught up with high income countries. The highest levels of obesity in the world are found in Pacific Island nations.

The research, supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Health Organization, shows that systolic blood pressure is currently highest in low income and middle income countries. Between 1980 and 2008 mean systolic blood pressure declined markedly in high income countries by 7.3 mm Hg, whereas it increased in …
Potentiation of the activity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in bone regeneration by a PLA–PEG/hydroxyapatite composite
Authors: Takashi Kaito, Akira Myoui, Kunio Takaoka, Naoto Saito, Masataka Nishikawa, Noriyuki Tamai, Hajime Ohgushi, Hideki Yoshikawa
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Genes Expressed by Both Mesangial Cells and Bone Marrow–Derived Cells Underlie Genetic Susceptibility to Crescentic Glomerulonephritis in the Rat
Authors: Jennifer Smith, Ping-Chin Lai, Jacques Behmoaras, Candice Roufosse, Gurjeet Bhangal, John P McDaid, Timothy Aitman, Frederick WK Tam, Charles D. Pusey, H. Terence Cook
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat shows marked susceptibility to crescentic glomerulonephritis. In the model of nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) that is induced by a small dose of nephrotoxic globulin, WKY rats developed crescents in 80 ± 2% of glomeruli at day 10, whereas no crescents were seen in Lewis rats. This was associated with marked increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 synthesis in WKY glomeruli. It was posited whether susceptibility depended on circulating cells or intrinsic renal cells. Bone marrow (BM) isografts from WKY to WKY or Lewis to Lewis did not affect susceptibility to NTN. When BM was transferred from WKY to Lewis rats, crescents developed in 35 ± 9% of glomeruli 10 d after induction of NTN, indicating that susceptibility could be transferred by BM cells. However, crescents were also seen in WKY rats that were given Lewis marrow. For assessment of the contribution of intrinsic renal cells, kidneys from WKY or Lewis rats were transplanted into F1 animals. In NTN, the ratio of crescents in the transplanted kidney to the native kidney was significantly higher for WKY-to-F1 than for Lewis-to-F1 transplants, demonstrating that the kidney itself also influences susceptibility. Mesangial cell responses were then examined in the two strains. Mesangial cells that were derived from WKY rats synthesized significantly more monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 basally and after stimulation with heat-aggregated rabbit IgG or TNF-α. These results show that susceptibility to NTN in the WKY rat depends on both circulating and intrinsic renal cells and that there are genetic differences between the strains in mesangial responses to inflammatory stimuli.
Effects of exerimental right ventricular hypertrophy on myocardial blood flow in conscious dogs.
Authors: P A Murray, H Baig, M C Fishbein, S F Vatner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The effects of right ventricular hypertrophy on the overall and regional distribution of myocardial blood flow in the absence of an elevated coronary arterial driving pressure were evaluated in 18 concscious dogs subjected to a chronic pressure overload of the right ventricle induced by pulmonary artery constriction. The sustained pressure overload for duration of 4--6 wk or 4--5 mo resulted in significant increases in right ventricular mass (45 and 110%, respectively) and right ventricular fiber diameter (22 and 60%, respectively). Moreover, the presence of moderate and severe hypertrophy was associated with marked increases in transmural blood flow per gram to the right ventricle proportional to the observed increases in mass, i.e., of 36 and 109%, respectively, from a normal value of 0.67 +/- 0.04 ml/min per g, whereas left ventricular blood flow remained unaltered from a normal value of 1.00 +/- 0.06 ml/min per g. Despite the large increase in blood flow per gram to moderately and severely hypertrophied right ventricle, no significant changes in the ratio of capillary:muscle fiber number were observe. These data suggest that the development of right ventricular hypertroph is characterized by a sustained compensatory response of the coronary circulation to the augmented work load and mass, and that is not associated with a proliferative response of the vasculature supplying the enlarged ventricle.
Should hospices be exempt from following national cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines? Yes
Authors: M. Watson, A. McPherson, S. A Murray
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is traumatic and often unsuccessful in seriously ill patients. <b>Max Watson and colleagues </b>argue that current guidelines on its use are unsuitable for hospices, but <b>Claud Regnard</b> and <b>Fiona Randall</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.b986) believe they ensure all patients get the best care
The Effect of Glucagon on the Coronary Circulation in Man
Authors: NORA GOLDSCHLAGER, ERWIN ROBIN, CHARLES M. COWAN, GEORG LEB, RICHARD J. BING
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Glucagon, 300 µg/ minute, was infused intravenously over 15 minutes in 27 subjects. The patients were divided into three groups: group I, patients without heart disease; group II, patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease; and group III, patients with congestive heart failure. Hemodynamic measurements included observations on myocardial blood flow using bolus injections of 84 rubidium and a coincidence counting technic. Myocardial oxygen consumption was determined after coronary sinus intubation in nine of the 27 patients. Significant increases were noted in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, tension-time index/minute and left ventricular work. Myocardial blood flow increased significantly while myocardial oxygen extraction remained constant suggesting that the augmentation in blood flow was sufficient to meet the increased myocardial demands for oxygen. The effects of glucagon on the coronary circulation resemble that of isoproterenol rather than norepinephrine without, however, leading to the production of arrhythmias seen with these catecholamines.
Pontine Glioma-Reply
Authors: Gerald Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In Reply.—  Dr. Milhorat's case report is indeed of great interest, and it is unfortunate that the finding of a cystic astrocytoma, such as his patient had, is so extremely rare when one looks at the usual course and classification of brain stem tumors in children. 1   The purpose of our article was not to add confusion to the diagnosis and treatment of this very grave disease, but merely to point, with some degree of hope, to the fact that other treatments are being developed at major cancer centers that some day may be combined with the initial treatment of surgery and radiation therapy, which to date have offered only palliative treatment for the overwhelming majority of patients with solid astrocytomas of the brain stem.  The patient that we reported did have computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) with intravenous contrast performed at our institution. It disclosed a large, solid mass; however,
Potential risks to human respiratory health from "acid fog": evidence from experimental studies of volunteers.
Authors: J D Hackney, W S Linn, E L Avol
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Observations of high acidity (pH as low as 1.7) in fogwater collected in polluted areas have provoked concern for public health. Effects of exposure to acidic pollutants have not been studied under foggy conditions; thus there is no directly relevant information from which to estimate the health risk. Indirectly relevant information is available from numerous studies of volunteers exposed to "acid fog precursors" under controlled conditions at less than 100% relative humidity. The effect of fog in modifying responses to inhaled acidic pollutants is difficult to predict: depending on circumstances, fog droplets might either increase or decrease the effective dose of pollutants to the lower respiratory tract. Fog inhalation per se may have unfavorable effects in some individuals. Sulfur dioxide is known to exacerbate airway constriction in exercising asthmatics, at exposure concentrations attainable in ambient air. Nitrogen dioxide has shown little untoward respiratory effect at ambient concentrations in most studies, although it has been suggested to increase bronchial reactivity. Sulfuric acid aerosol has shown no clear effects at concentrations within the ambient range. At somewhat higher levels, increased bronchial reactivity and change in mucociliary clearance have been suggested. Almost no information is available concerning nitric acid.
Neonatal Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: G. M. Stern, J. M. Hall, D. C. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

A trial is described comparing the effects of aspirin and phenylbutazone in the treatment of acute rheumatic fever.So far as was possible alternate cases were treated with each drug, resulting in totals of 41 cases treated with aspirin and 47 with phenylbutazone.Detailed analysis of the two groups showed them to be comparable.The results were assessed clinically by the time taken for relief of joint pain and swelling, and for resolution of fever and tachycardia.Frequent estimations of the E.S.R. were made in all cases, and in 24 patients serial plasma fibrinogen estimations were carried out in addition.The clinical symptoms were relieved earlier and the E.S.R. showed a more rapid return to normal in the phenylbutazone group.Phenylbutazone also produced a more rapid return of the plasma fibrinogen to normal levels.Although acute symptoms recurred during treatment in seven of the cases on aspirin, there was no evidence of recrudescence in the phenylbutazone group.
Can You Hear Me?
Authors: William A. Nolen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

There is more to noise than meets the ear. Much of the trauma that noise inflicts depends not only on the number of decibels involved but on where and when the noise occurs and who is exposed to it.For example, it does not bother Fran Tarkenton (the quarterback of the Minnesota Vikings, for those few who might not recognize the name) to have 40 thousand fans screaming at him as he throws the bomb to Gene Washington in the closing minutes of a tight football game, nor does it upset Bobby Orr (of the Bruins, of course) to have . . .
Drug-Induced Illness Leading to Hospitalization
Authors: George J. Caranasos
Journal: JAMA (1974)

During a three-year period, drug-induced illness, excluding suicide attempts and drug abuse, accounted for 2.9% of admissions to a medical service. There were proportionately fewer admissions for patients under 61 years of age than for those over. A considerably greater number of white women than black women or men were affected. More than 6% of these patients died. Eight drugs (aspirin, digoxin, warfarin sodium, hydrochlorothiazide, prednisone, vincristine sulfate, norethindrone, and furosemide) produced a third of the illnesses. In 18% of the cases an over-the-counter drug was implicated. Hemorrhagic effects occurred frequently. The cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and hemopoietic systems were most often involved. Drug allergy was the mechanism of the adverse drug effect in 17.6% of the illnesses. The remainder were due to pharmacological mechanisms. (JAMA 228:713-717, 1974)
Loss of TFF1 is associated with activation of NF-κB–mediated inflammation and gastric neoplasia in mice and humans
Authors: Mohammed Soutto, Abbes Belkhiri, M. Blanca Piazuelo, Barbara G. Schneider, DunFa Peng, Aixiang Jiang, M. Kay Washington, Yasin Kokoye, Sheila E. Crowe, Alexander Zaika, Pelayo Correa, Richard M. Peek, Wael El-Rifai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a peptide belonging to the trefoil factor family of protease-resistant peptides. Although TFF1 expression is frequently lost in gastric carcinomas, the tumorigenic pathways this affects have not been determined. Here we show that Tff1-knockout mice exhibit age-dependent carcinogenic histological changes in the pyloric antrum of the gastric mucosa, progressing from gastritis to hyperplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and ultimately malignant adenocarcinoma. The histology and molecular signatures of gastric lesions in the Tff1-knockout mice were consistent with an inflammatory phenotype. In vivo, ex-vivo, and in vitro studies showed that TFF1 expression suppressed TNF-α–mediated NF-κB activation through the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)/IκB kinase (IKK) pathway. Consistent with these mouse data, human gastric tissue samples displayed a progressive decrease in TFF1 expression and an increase in NF-κB activation along the multi-step carcinogenesis cascade. Collectively, these results provide evidence that loss of TFF1 leads to activation of IKK complex–regulated NF-κB transcription factors and is an important event in shaping the NF-κB–mediated inflammatory response during the progression to gastric tumorigenesis.
β-Haemolytic group A streptococci emm75 carrying altered pyrogenic exotoxin A linked to scarlet fever in adults
Authors: Hongjun Dong, Guozhang Xu, Shuhua Li, Qifa Song, Shijian Liu, Hui Lin, Yibiao Chai, Aimin Zhou, Ting Fang, Hongwei Zhang, Chunguang Jin, Wei Lu, Guangwen Cao
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Selected practical issues in their evaluation and management
Authors: Raj Vuppalanchi, Naga Chalasani
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the western world. It is now recognized that these patients have myriad of important co-morbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome). The workup of patients with suspected NAFLD should consist of excluding competing etiologies and systemic evaluation of metabolic comorbidities. NAFLD is histologically categorized into steatosis and steatohepatitis, two states with fairly dichotomous natural history. While significant progress has been made in terms of noninvasively predicting advanced fibrosis, insufficient progress has been made in predicting steatohepatitis. Currently, liver biopsy remains the gold standard for the histological stratification of NAFLD. While sustained weight loss can be effective to treat NASH, it is often difficult to achieve. Foregut bariatric surgery can be quite effective in improving hepatic histology in selected patients without liver failure or significant portal hypertension. Thiazolidinediones have shown promise and the results from the ongoing, large multicenter study should become available soon. Large multicenter studies of CB, receptor anatagonists are also underway but their results will not be available for several years. Several recent studies have highlighted that cardiovascular disease is the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Conclusion: Health care providers should not only focus on liver disease but also concentrate on aggressively modifying and treating their cardiovascular risk factors. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:306-317.)
Recurrent supraventricular tachycardia. Success and subsequent failure of termination by implanted endocardial pacemaker
Authors: E. G. Abinader
Journal: JAMA (1976)

After repeatedly establishing the efficacy of competitive premature atrial and ventricular stimuli in terminating supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in a patient with recurrent and refractory SVT, a permanent right ventricular endocardial demand generator set at 81 beats per minute was implanted. During the subsequent months, many tachycardic episodes, ranging between 160 to 185 beats per minute, were promptly terminated by activating the pacemaker unit with an external magnet and competitively pacing the right ventricle. However, 16 months after implantation, magnetically induced ventricular capture failed to control the SVT. Magnetically induced competitive pacing in SVT should be reserved for the most intractable and refractory cases. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2203-2205, 1976)
Holiday Reading — Follow-up Visit
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

HOLIDAYS can sometimes provide a good opportunity for nonessential reading, and on my recent vacation, I covered an interesting "scatter" of books. A grateful patient had given me Lord Brain's new book, Science and Man, which consists of 4 lectures delivered within the last two years. The first, "Science and Behaviour," was the Presidential Address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science; the second, "Perception and Trialogue," was the Linacre Lecture at St. John's College, Cambridge. The third, "The Status of Mind," was delivered at Somerville College, Oxford, and the last, "Science and Anti-Science," was given to . . .
Novel targets for the control of secretory diarrhoea
Authors: M J G Farthing
Journal: Gut (2002)

Secretory diarrhoea continues to be a major clinical problem worldwide. It is now recognised that the enteric nervous system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of enterotoxin mediated intestinal secretion, which has resulted in the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of acute watery diarrhoea.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TO EXPERIMENTAL ALTERATIONS
Authors: Claude S. Beck, Emile Holman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

The pericardium presents a limiting or constricting action to acute dilatation of the heart. The diastolic pressure tends to approach the systolic pressure in a circulatory system distended with blood. The limiting action of the pericardium may be responsible for the small differences in the size of the heart noted by Meek and Eyster in their studies on the effect of plethora. The views concerning the function of the pericardium are divergent. That it may restrict the heart in cases of acute dilatation is shown in the above experiments. If the tension upon the pericardium be exerted over a prolonged period of time, as occurs in cases of pericardial effusion, the pericardium readily enlarges. If, however, the intrapericardial pressure should at any time equal the pressure in the venae cavae, blood would no longer enter the heart and the condition would become fatal. In recovery experiments, pericardiectomy was followed by no demonstrable effect upon the general health of the dog, upon the response to exercise, or upon the size of the heart (6).
Hospital Can Be the Actively Chosen Place for Death
Authors: David C. Currow, Meera Agar, Amy P. Abernethy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

patient outcome.It is possible that the effect of SCT assumes importance only at longer follow-up. 7 Among randomized trials in neuroblastoma that have incorporated SCT without total-body irradiation, none has substantially improved the long-term survival of patients with high-risk stage 4 neuroblastoma to beyond 30%. 5,7 It is reasonable to have a paradigm shift, rethinking treatments with fewer toxicities and potentially better cure rates.
Kidney Biopsy in Chronic Bacteriuria and Pyelonephritis.
Authors: C. McC. Smythe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Kidney Biopsy in Chronic Bacteriuria and Pyelonephritis.C. McC. Smythe, M.D. (Assoc.), F. A. McIver, M.D.C. McC. Smythe, M.D. (Assoc.), F. A. McIver, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-698_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFifty-four biopsies from 47 patients encompassing all stages of urinary infection from asymptomatic bacteriuria to terminal chronic pyelonephritis have been studied. Clinical classification was in four groups: I. Asymptomatic bacteriuria without any history of urinary tract infection; II. Asymptomatic bacteriuria with a previous history of urinary tract infection; III. Currently symptomatic urinary tract disease; and IV. Systemic symptoms of advanced renal disease. In the four groups, biopsy showed significant evidence of pyelonephritis in four of eight from group I, ten of 28 from group II, four of 12 from group III, and three of six from group IV. In six... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: C. McC. Smythe, M.D. (Assoc.); F. A. McIver, M.D.Affiliations: Charleston, S. C. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 698-699KeywordsBiopsyKidneysPyelonephritisRenal diseasesUrinary tract infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...