tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase: a circulating enzyme that modifies normal and oxidized lipoproteins in vitro.
Authors: R Shamir, W J Johnson, K Morlock-Fitzpatrick, R Zolfaghari, L Li, E Mas, D Lombardo, D W Morel, E A Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) hydrolyzes cholesteryl esters (CE), triglycerides (TG), and lysophospholipids, with CE and TG hydrolysis stimulated by cholate. Originally thought to be confined to the gastrointestinal system, CEL has been reported in the plasma of humans and other mammals, implying its potential in vivo to modify lipids associated with LDL, HDL (CE, TG), and oxidized LDL (lysophosphatidylcholine, lysoPC). We measured the concentration of CEL in human plasma as 1.2+/-0.5 ng/ml (in the range reported for lipoprotein lipase). Human LDL and HDL3 reconstituted with radiolabeled lipids were incubated with purified porcine CEL without or with cholate (10 or 100 microM, concentrations achievable in systemic or portal plasma, respectively). Using a saturating concentration of lipoprotein-associated CE (4 microM), with increasing cholate concentration there was an increase in the hydrolysis of LDL- and HDL3-CE; at 100 microM cholate, the present hydrolysis per hour was 32+/-2 and 1.6+/-0.1, respectively, indicating that CEL interaction varied with lipoprotein class. HDL3-TG hydrolysis was also observed, but was only approximately 5-10% of that for HDL3-CE at either 10 or 100 microM cholate. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) is enriched with lysoPC, a proatherogenic compound. After a 4-h incubation with CEL, the lysoPC content of OxLDL was depleted 57%. Colocalization of CEL in the vicinity of OxLDL formation was supported by demonstrating in human aortic homogenate a cholate-stimulated cholesteryl ester hydrolytic activity inhibited by anti-human CEL IgG. We conclude that CEL has the capability to modify normal human LDL and HDL composition and structure and to reduce the atherogenicity of OxLDL by decreasing its lysoPC content.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system. Management of acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: J F Pantridge, J S Geddes
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Objective</h3> This study aimed to propose a simple, accessible and low-cost predictive clinical model to detect lung lesions due to COVID-19 infection. <h3>Design</h3> This prospective cohort study included COVID-19 survivors hospitalised between 30 March 2020 and 31 August 2020 followed-up 6 months after hospital discharge. The pulmonary function was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, oximetry (SpO<sub>2</sub>), spirometry (forced vital capacity (FVC)) and chest X-ray (CXR) during an in-person consultation. Patients with abnormalities in at least one of these parameters underwent chest CT. mMRC scale, SpO<sub>2</sub>, FVC and CXR findings were used to build a machine learning model for lung lesion detection on CT. <h3>Setting</h3> A tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. <h3>Participants</h3> 749 eligible RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients aged ≥18 years. <h3>Primary outcome measure</h3> A predictive clinical model for lung lesion detection on chest CT. <h3>Results</h3> There were 470 patients (63%) that had at least one sign of pulmonary involvement and were eligible for CT. Almost half of them (48%) had significant pulmonary abnormalities, including ground-glass opacities, parenchymal bands, reticulation, traction bronchiectasis and architectural distortion. The machine learning model, including the results of 257 patients with complete data on mMRC, SpO<sub>2</sub>, FVC, CXR and CT, accurately detected pulmonary lesions by the joint data of CXR, mMRC scale, SpO<sub>2</sub> and FVC (sensitivity, 0.85±0.08; specificity, 0.70±0.06; F1-score, 0.79±0.06 and area under the curve, 0.80±0.07). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A predictive clinical model based on CXR, mMRC, oximetry and spirometry data can accurately screen patients with lung lesions after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given that these examinations are highly accessible and low cost, this protocol can be automated and implemented in different countries for early detection of COVID-19 sequelae.
Genetic and hematological studies in a group of 114 adult patients with SC sickle cell disease
Authors: K. Lee, C. Préhu, G. Mérault, L. Kéclard, F. Roudot-Thoraval, D. Bachir, H. Wajcman, L. Denis, F. Galactéros
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The clinical and biological heterogeneity of sickle cell hemoglobin (Hb) C disease (SC disease) is similar to sickle cell anemia, but has a much milder course. The effect of genetic factors such as alpha thalassemia or beta-globin gene haplotype has been analyzed in a limited number of cases. In this work, we report about 114 adult SC patients, aged 15 to 65 years (M/F = 0.93). The frequency of deletional alpha thalassemia (alpha(-3.7)) was found to be about 35%. The coinheritance of an alpha-thalassemia trait with SC disease had no effect on the hemoglobin level but hemolysis was significantly reduced. In these patients, as described for homozygous Hb S individuals, the Hb F level was higher in females than in males and in individuals carrying the beta(s)-Senegal haplotype. This haplotype involves the presence of an Xmnl site 5' to Ggamma, which is considered responsible for an increased Ggamma/Agamma ratio. Our survey showed that some genetic factors may modulate hematological parameters in SC disease.
Prostatic Carcinoma in Young Adults
Authors: Ching L. Chiu
Journal: JAMA (1974)

WITHIN the past few decades, few cases of malignant tumor of the prostate gland in young adults have been diagnosed and reported. A review of the medical literature shows reported cases of various types of sarcomas of the prostate in children and adolescents, 1 but prostatic carcinomas are extremely rare. 2-4 The first case of carcinoma of the prostate gland in early childhood ever described was published in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology in 1959, and four more cases have subsequently been reported. Four cases of prostatic carcinoma in adolescents have been reported since 1912. None of them had roentgenographic findings like those in the case of a 20-year-old man with pathologically confirmed (by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology) carcinoma of the prostate. The roentgenographic findings are emphasized.  Report of a Case  A 20-year-old man was first referred to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics on Nov
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate Inhibition of T-Cell Costimulation in Allergen-induced Airway Inflammation
Authors: Amit D. Parulekar, Jonathan S. Boomer, Brenda M. Patterson, Huiqing Yin-Declue, Christine M. Deppong, Brad S. Wilson, Nizar N. Jarjour, Mario Castro, Jonathan M. Green
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

T lymphocytes are important in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Costimulation through CD28 is critical for optimal activation of T cells, and inhibition of this pathway with CTLA4Ig has been shown to be effective in preventing airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in animal models of asthma. Abatacept, a humanized version of CTLA4Ig, has been approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, providing the opportunity to test whether inhibition of costimulation is an effective strategy to treat people with asthma.To determine if 3 months of treatment with abatacept reduced allergen-induced airway inflammation in people with mild atopic asthma.Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Bronchoscopically directed segmental allergen challenge was performed on 24 subjects followed by bronchoalveolar lavage 48 hours later. Subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive abatacept or placebo, followed by a second allergen challenge protocol after 3 months of study drug.There was no significant reduction in allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation in the abatacept-treated group compared with placebo (17.71% ± 17.25% vs. 46.39% ± 29.21%; P = 0.26). In addition, we did not detect an effect of abatacept on FEV1, provocative concentration of methacholine sufficient to induce a 20% decline in FEV1, or asthma symptoms. Subjects treated with abatacept had an increased percentage of naive and a corresponding decrease in memory CD4(+) T cells in the blood compared with placebo.Inhibition of CD28-mediated costimulation with abatacept does not seem to alter the inflammatory response to segmental allergen challenge or clinical measures of asthma symptoms in people with mild atopic asthma. Clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 00784459).
A form to help learn and teach about assessing medical audit papers.
Authors: R S Bhopal, R Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The current prominence of medical audit has stimulated publication of papers on the subject and has created a need for a structured and critical approach for reading them.Several guides to the skills required for focused and critical reading of medical publications are available (see, for example, further reading listed in the paper by Fowkes and Fulton'); and the analysis of research papers has been particularly well addressed.'13Sackett and colleagues have provided guidance on the analysis of papers on quality of care and other issues relevant to medical audit.3However, though these general guidelines are necessary for critical reading of published work on medical audit, we have found them insufficient.What do we do?Do we do what we think we do?What should we do?Are we doing what we should be doing?How can we improve what we do?Have we improved?BOX 1 -Key questions in medical auditMedical audit is a process for the critical analysis of medical practice, and its essential aim is to improve the quality of routine medical care provided for patients.The essence of medical audit has been summarised by many; it is encapsulated in the questions in box 1 and the audit cycle (see box 2).Unlike research, it is not essential that medical audit extends the knowledge base of medicine.In fact, medical audit is heavily dependent on published data and consensus views.Unlike original research, audit is mainly concerned with assessing and changing routine medical practice and improving standards.Therefore, the emphasis of a critique ofpublished medical audit needs to differ from that of research.In many instances medical audit is primarily of local value, but sometimes the methods or the findings may be generalisable.If so, the audit deserves dissemi- nation, potentially through publication.The ideal features of a medical audit project suitable for publica- tion, in our view, include the following:* The topic for study should concern routine medical practice or an aspect of health care which impinges on medical practice * Standards of practice should preferably be made explicit or, if implicit, should be clearly discernible * Measurements must be valid, suitable for routine medical practice, and relevant to the standards set * Assessment of whether clinical standards have been met should be made and, if not, change instituted * Effects of the change should be evaluated * Reappraisal of medical practice should occur until the quality of care rises to or exceeds the standards agreed or agreement is reached on a revision of standards, thus creating an audit spiral.We prepared a form, based on these perspectives, to 14
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: R Nitschke, S Acker, D Campbell, E DePersio, R Elkins, G B Humphrey, W Thompson, M Wizenberg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An excellent review of the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) by Drs Lokich and Goodman (231:58, 1975) mentioned that chemotherapy is effective in treating SVCS resulting from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but the authors did not refer to the drug combination best used. Therefore, we would like to report briefly two cases treated with a combination of chemotherapeutic agents—prednisolone and vincristine—that are known to cause rapid lysis of tumor cells, with the potential risk of uric acid nephropathy. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> A 13-year-old girl was seen at Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital with a three-week history of progressive pain in the right shoulder, shortness of breath, cervical adenopathy, and facial edema. Substantial enlargement of the mediastinum was noted on the chest x-ray film. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed by a mediastinal biopsy. Preventive measures were initiated against hyperuricemia. Substantial reduction
Ethnic profile of the doctors in the United Kingdom
Authors: Isobel Bowler
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A diverse group of doctors would appreciate the concerns of the population better 

The population of doctors working in the United Kingdom differs notably in ethnic profile from the wider population. Of the almost 81 000 doctors employed by trusts in England in 2003, 63% were white, 23% Asian, 4% black, 1% of mixed race, and 7% from other ethnic groups (2% unrecorded).1 White people make up 92% of the population of the United Kingdom.2

Two reasons exist for this difference. Firstly, the United Kingdom is a net importer of doctors, recruiting an increasing number trained in other countries, many of non-white ethnicity. Secondly, more British ethnic minority students are entering medicine. In this issue Goldacre et al show that the percentage of non-white doctors among UK graduates has increased substantially, from about 2% in 1974 to almost 30% by 2005 (p 597).3 The ethnic profile of students entering medical school is different from that of the university …
MALARIAL THERAPY IN SYPHILITIC INTERSTITIAL KERATITIS
Authors: J. V. AMBLER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Interstitial keratitis, which is a fairly common manifestation of hereditary syphilis, presents a major therapeutic problem to both the ophthalmologist and the syphilologist. That the usual antisyphilitic treatment is inadequate is well known. Fisher,<sup>1</sup>in discussing the value of recent methods of treatment in the late stages of ocular syphilis, states that there is no evidence to show that treatment by either the older or the newer methods of antisyphilitic therapy is capable of arresting or even of modifying the progress of the disorder. Others, including Stokes,<sup>2</sup>Carvill and Derby<sup>3</sup>and Downing,<sup>4</sup>maintain that arsphenamine reduces the time required for a cure and tends to prevent recurrences. More recently, bismuth preparations, particularly the soluble salts, have been shown to possess a distinct advantage over mercurial therapy. Wright and Perlman<sup>5</sup>believe that the best treatment for interstitial keratitis consists in the conjoint use of neoarsphenamine
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE FOR THE TRAVELER
Authors: Louis E. Prickman
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  The wayfarer of old encountered many seen and unseen dangers as he wandered about the country, not the least of which were opportunities to acquire contagious diseases and infections. The factors of fatigue, exposure to cold and dampness and lack of knowledge and facilities for hygiene enhanced his opportunity of acquiring illness when traveling.  The modern traveler probably considers himself adequately protected from these hazards of travel, but is he actually protected? A recent journey, chiefly in coaches on five large railroads having terminals in Chicago, revealed a number of hazards still awaiting the traveler, not the least of which was the current epidemic of coryza and influenza. Confinement in a railway coach with passengers, old and young, who apparently know no better than to cough and sneeze frequently at their fellow travelers is no minor hazard. The inadequacy of present attempts to teach others, through the
Lesbians Call for Greater Physician Awareness, Sensitivity to Improve Patient Care
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

"I GOT THIS survey in the mail, of women professionals. One of the questions was, 'What kind of birth control do you use?' I wrote in, 'Lesbian sex is the best method of birth control there is.' I just wish I could've been there to see the reaction...." So recounted a lesbian attorney attending a meeting of the Women's Issues Committee of the American Association of Physicians for Human Rights (an organization founded by gay and lesbian physicians; the homosexual community often uses the terms<i>gay</i>and<i>lesbian</i>to distinguish male and female homosexuals). The message was one repeated throughout the four-day meeting in Minneapolis; it had to do with attitudes and assumptions, how they affect the physician-patient relationship, and, ultimately, how they influence the medical care provided to what some have called the "invisible minority." Lois (at their request, all those quoted are identified with pseudonyms), a Louisiana otorhinolaryngologist,
Acute alcoholic hepatitis and cellular Th1 immune responses to alcohol dehydrogenase
Authors: Laura J Blackmore, Jennifer M Ryan, Xiaohong Huang, Munther Hussain, Evangelos Triantafyllou, Nikhil Vergis, Godhev Manakkat Vijay, Charalambos G Antoniades, Mark R Thursz, Wayel Jassem, Diego Vergani, Debbie L Shawcross, Yun Ma
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
HIGH LEFT ATRIAL PRESSURE IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION RECURRENCE FOLLOWING RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION
Authors: Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman, Angela Naperkowski, James Bonczek, Gerald F. Lacey, Gopi Dandamudi, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Improved semilogarithmic haematological chart.
Authors: A S Spiers, D A Galton
Journal: BMJ (1970)

health and mortality.Flooding is one example of a distressing event in a person's life, bereavement is another, and both of these have proved amenable to study.But there are many others that are seen in the course of clinical practice.Knowledge of such factors can be of direct value to the clinician: it makes possible a fuller understanding of the patient and a more realistic planning of treatment and estimate of prog- nosis.Many people contributed in the completion of this survey.In particular I should like to thank
Remission of Cushing's Syndrome After Unilateral Adrenal Phlebography
Authors: HERBERT FELLERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A patient had obvious clinical features of Cushing's syndrome associated with elevated urinary and plasma 17-hydroxycorticoids (17-OHCS) that resisted suppression by dexamethasone, 2 mg every 6 hr. Left-sided adrenal phlebography was followed by epigastric pain, features of adrenal insufficiency, and a fall in plasma and urinary 17-OHCS, with evidence of suppression of adrenocorticotrophic hormone release by the pituitary. Spontaneous loss of all clinical features of Cushing's syndrome was accompanied by a return of plasma and urinary 17-OHCS to normal levels. It is concluded that the adrenal phlebography fortuitously caused subtotal infarction of the adrenal adenoma with remission of hypercortisolism.
THE EFFECT OF HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA ON ALBUMIN METABOLISM IN HYPERIMMUNIZED RABBITS STUDIED WITH ALBUMIN-I131*
Authors: Marcus A. Rothschild, Murray Oratz, Edward C. Franklin, Sidney S. Schreiber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Depressions of the serum albumin level are seen in clinical and in experimentally produced hyper- globulinemia (1-3); dextran infusions are also associated with hypoalbuminemia (4).However, the mechanisms for the production of these changes in albumin levels are not clearly defined.A colloid osmotic regulatory system has been postulated which effects control through either changes in plasma volume (1) or alterations in albumin metabolism (4).Previous studies employing dextran infusions supported the existence of a colloid osmotic regulatory mechanism in the control of serum albumin metabolism (4).The purpose of the studies reported here was to reexamine this hy- pothesis by measuring the rates of albumin syn- thesis and degradation during the development of induced hyperglobulinemia and after the attain- ment of this state. METHODSFemale rabbits were used in all studies.The rabbits were kept in metabolism cages, and complete urine and stool collections were made daily.All rabbits were fed a standard rabbit diet.Two to three drops of Lugol's solution was administered daily in the rabbits' drinking water to inhibit thyroid uptake of P"31.The distribution and metabolism of albumin were measured by means of rabbit serum albumin labeled with P131.The procedures used to separate, purify, and iodinate the albumin have been described previously (5, 6).All lots of I"~'-albumin were tested in control rabbits to guard against the use of a preparation that contained a signifi- cant fraction of denatured material (5).Seven rabbits received an injection of 50 to 75 ,uc of albumin-I.31into an ear vein.Heparinized blood samples were obtained from the contralateral ear 6 and 10 min- utes after the injection and at daily intervals thereafter.Control observations were made daily on the excretion
Effects of Age, Comorbidity and Lifestyle Factors on Erectile Function: Tampere Ageing Male Urological Study (TAMUS)
Authors: Rahman Shiri, Juha Koskimäki, Jukka Häkkinen, Teuvo L.J Tammela, Heini Huhtala, Matti Hakama, Anssi Auvinen
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Radiotherapy in Desmoid Tumors
Authors: Stephen D. Sorgen
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the CLINICAL NOTE "Desmoid Tumor Presenting as a Parotid Mass" (239:337, 1978), the authors present an unusual and interesting case of desmoid tumor. In their comments they advocate radical excision of all such tumors and state that radiation therapy is not consistently helpful. I would like to draw the authors' and readers' attention to a recent article by Wara et al,<sup>1</sup>who review 16 cases of desmoid tumors treated with irradiation. These 16 patients included both patients in whom the tumor had recurred following previous surgery and patients in whom the tumor was thought to be unresectable. Total tumor control was obtained in 13 of these patients with a median dose of 5,000 rads in 5 1/2 weeks delivered with megavoltage equipment. Such a dose is well tolerated with a minimum of complications and results in useful function of the involved area without mutilation. This
Reverse engineering the structure of cognitive mechanisms
Authors: David Pietraszewski, Annie E. Wertz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Describing a cognitive system at a mechanistic level requires an engineering task analysis. This involves identifying the task and developing models of possible solutions. Evolutionary psychology and Bayesian modeling make complimentary contributions: Evolutionary psychology suggests the types of tasks that human brains were designed to solve, while Bayesian modeling provides a rigorous description of possible computational solutions to such problems.
Say You/Say Me: Notice of Plagiarism
Authors: Stanley Plumly
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  It comes to my attention that a poem of mine, Say Summer/For My Mother, 1 published originally in Antaeus and later anthologized and also included in my book Out-of-the-Body Travel , has been plagiarized as a poem appearing in your July 10, 1987, issue. The plagiarized poem was entitled Say 1944/For My Father. 2
?Liver function tests? are not always tests of liver function
Authors: David N. Korones, Marilyn R. Brown, James Palis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

A child with Wilm's tumor and a child with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were each noted to have persistent elevations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Both children underwent thorough evaluation for liver disease and, as a result, experienced delays in treatment of the Wilm's tumor and ITP. Eventually both children were found to have extremely elevated serum creatine kinase (CK). Muscle biopsy confirmed diagnoses of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy in one child, and Becker's muscular dystrophy in the second. Hematologists/oncologists should consider obtaining a serum CK to rule out muscle disease in patients with unexplained elevations of AST, ALT, and LDH. Am. J. Hematol. 66:46–48, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.