tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allopurinol and Xanthine Nephropathy
Authors: James B. Wyngaarden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Treatment with allopurinol results in an induced xanthinuria. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid,1 and in so doing reduces serum and urinary uric acid values while causing slight elevations of hypoxanthine and xanthine in serum and marked increases of these oxypurines in the urine.2 Thus, allopurinol produces a pharmacologic phenocopy of hereditary xanthinuria, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by gross deficiency of xanthine oxidase in tissues.3 The levels of xanthine found in serum and urine of patients treated with allopurinol are similar to those found in hereditary . . .
STATUS AND PROSPECT OF DRUGS FOR OVEREATING
Authors: Walter Modell
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A unified statement on the pharmacotherapy of obesity is difficult to make, largely because, even as a symptom—to say nothing of it as a syndrome, obesity implies neither a specific disturbance in physiological function nor a specific physical abnormality; rather, it is a consequence of a variety of nonrelated etiological factors. There is only one feature common to most instances of obesity, that of caloric intake in excess of normal energy requirements. Since this discrepancy provides both a clear and a tangible point of attack, it is the usual target.<sup>1</sup>Hence, rather than to consider the effect of drugs in obesity, it is more realistic as well as more practical to consider the drugs at hand for controlling overeating. Although studies in the laboratory and observations of animals in their natural environment have not elucidated the appetite mechanism, they seem to indicate adequate natural homeostatic arrangements to relate appetite
UK doctors commonly face fitness to practise hearings without legal representation
Authors: J. Cash
Journal: BMJ (2014)

More than 4 in 10 doctors who were investigated for fitness to practise last year did not have legal representation during their hearings, a freedom of information request to the General Medical Council (GMC) has found.

Of the 342 fitness to practise panel hearings that took place in 2013 the doctor involved was not represented at 146. At a further four panels the doctor was represented for only part of the proceedings.

In nearly a third (108) of the panel hearings the doctor under investigation was not even present in person or was present for only part of the review.

Doctors who are referred to the GMC must belong to …
Intestinal bacterial translocation in rats with cirrhosis is related to compromised paneth cell antimicrobial host defense
Authors: Zora Teltschik, Reiner Wiest, Julia Beisner, Sabine Nuding, Claudia Hofmann, Juergen Schoelmerich, Charles L. Bevins, Eduard F. Stange, Jan Wehkamp
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Liver cirrhosis is associated with bacterial translocation (BT) and endotoxemia. Most translocating bacteria belong to the common intestinal microbiota, suggesting a breakdown of intestinal barrier function. We hypothesized that diminished mucosal antimicrobial host defense could predispose to BT. Two rodent models of portal hypertension with increased BT were used, CCl(4)-induced ascitic cirrhosis and 2-day portal vein-ligated (PVL) animals. BT was assessed by standard microbiological techniques on mesenteric lymph nodes. Total RNA was isolated systematically throughout the intestinal tract, and expression of Paneth cell α-cryptdins and β-defensins was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To determine functional consequences, mucosal antimicrobial activity was assessed with a fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay. BT was detectable in 40% of rats with cirrhosis. Compared with the group without BT, these animals exhibited diminished intestinal Paneth cell α-cryptdin 5 and 7 expression. In contrast, PVL was associated with BT in all animals but did not affect antimicrobial peptides. The decrease in Paneth cell antimicrobials was most pronounced in the ileum and the coecum. Other antimicrobials showed no changes or even an induction in the case of BT at different sites. Antimicrobial activity toward different commensal strains was reduced, especially in the distal ileum and the cecum in experimental cirrhosis with BT (excluding PVL).Compromised Paneth cell antimicrobial host defense seems to predispose to BT in experimental cirrhosis. Understanding this liver-gut axis including the underlying mechanisms could help us to find new treatment avenues.
Review: Carvedilol may reduce mortality more than other β<sub>1</sub>-selective β-blockers in systolic HF
Authors: Prateeti Khazanie, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation DiNicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ, Fares H, Menezes AR, O’Keefe JH. Meta-analysis of carvedilol versus beta 1 selective beta-blockers (atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, and nebivolol). Am J Cardiol. 2013;111:765-9. 23290925
Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa: morphological and biochemical studies
Authors: T. YOSHIIKE, M. MANABE, M. NEGI, H. OGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Extensive morphological and biochemical studies were carried out on two sibling cases of ichthyosis linearis circumflexa. The condition was found to be similar to psoriasis in the following ways: effectiveness of PUVA therapy, psoriatic changes on light and electron microscopy, high urinary polyamine levels, elevation of several enzyme activities in the scales, and a remarkable change in keratin molecules. These results may reflect an increased epidermal proliferation with a reduced epidermal transit time, as occurs in psoriasis.
West on 172nd
Authors: John L. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
D2-02: Excision repair cross complementing 6 (ERCC6) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and outcome to gemcitabine(gem)/cisplatin(cis) or docetaxel(doc)/cis in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (p)
Authors: Manuel Domine, Carlos Camps, Ramón de las Peñas, Rosario G. Campelo, Nuria Viñolas, Josefa Terrasa, Maria Pérez-Cano, José J. Sánchez, Miguel Taron, Rafael Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Open letter to Tony Blair: Call to prevent escalating violence
Authors: C. Stephens
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Three important reports have been published in the past month on the humanitarian impacts of international violence and conflict.1–3 All provide evidence of the short and long term adverse health impacts of the use of force internationally. The World Health Organization's World Report on Violence and Health is a detailed assessment compiled over three years by international health scientists.1 Collateral Damage: The Health and Environmental Costs of War on Iraq is a report of a study by Medact, a UK charity of nurses, doctors, and other health professionals.2 The latest report released by the Campaign Against Sanctions on Iraq (CASI) based at Cambridge University, is a UN report on likely humanitarian scenarios of war on Iraq.3

Medact estimates that if the threatened war on Iraq ensues, “total possible deaths on all sides during conflict and in the following three months will range from 48 000 to over 260 000. Civil war within Iraq could add another 20 000 …
Public Health, Policy
Authors: Keith J. Mueller
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intrathecal AAV Serotype 9-mediated Delivery of shRNA Against TRPV1 Attenuates Thermal Hyperalgesia in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Takashi Hirai, Mitsuhiro Enomoto, Hidetoshi Kaburagi, Shinichi Sotome, Kie Yoshida-Tanaka, Madoka Ukegawa, Hiroya Kuwahara, Mariko Yamamoto, Mio Tajiri, Haruka Miyata, Yukihiko Hirai, Makoto Tominaga, Kenichi Shinomiya, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Atsushi Okawa, Takanori Yokota
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Gene therapy for neuropathic pain requires efficient gene delivery to both central and peripheral nervous systems. We previously showed that an adenoassociated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector expressing short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) could suppress target molecule expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord upon intrathecal injection. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of this approach, we constructed an AAV9 vector encoding shRNA against vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), which is an important target gene for acute pain, but its role in chronic neuropathic pain remains unclear. We intrathecally injected it into the subarachnoid space at the upper lumbar spine of mice 3 weeks after spared nerve injury (SNI). Delivered shTRPV1 effectively suppressed mRNA and protein expression of TRPV1 in the DRG and spinal cord, and it attenuated nerve injury-induced thermal allodynia 10–28 days after treatment. Our study provides important evidence for the contribution of TRPV1 to thermal hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain and thus establishes intrathecal AAV9-mediated gene delivery as an investigative and potentially therapeutic platform for the nervous system. Gene therapy for neuropathic pain requires efficient gene delivery to both central and peripheral nervous systems. We previously showed that an adenoassociated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector expressing short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) could suppress target molecule expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord upon intrathecal injection. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of this approach, we constructed an AAV9 vector encoding shRNA against vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), which is an important target gene for acute pain, but its role in chronic neuropathic pain remains unclear. We intrathecally injected it into the subarachnoid space at the upper lumbar spine of mice 3 weeks after spared nerve injury (SNI). Delivered shTRPV1 effectively suppressed mRNA and protein expression of TRPV1 in the DRG and spinal cord, and it attenuated nerve injury-induced thermal allodynia 10–28 days after treatment. Our study provides important evidence for the contribution of TRPV1 to thermal hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain and thus establishes intrathecal AAV9-mediated gene delivery as an investigative and potentially therapeutic platform for the nervous system.
THE ESSENTIALS OF TREATMENT OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE MIDDLE EAR.
Authors: ALBERT E. BULSON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

I am not unmindful of the diversity of opinion among otologists as to the essentials of treatment of an acute inflammation of the middle ear; and in giving my personal opinions, based on considerable observation and experience, it is possible that I shall advocate some measures which may seem somewhat radical and not thoroughly approved by some of you. It is gratifying to know, however, that the trend of medical teaching to-day is in favor of more radicalism in the treatment of acute middle-ear inflammations and that the so-called conservative treatment, in the management of these cases, is considered by most progressive otologists as carrying with it a decided element of danger. Most authors divide acute inflammation of the middle ear into two forms, the catarrhal and the purulent. Clinically, the two forms should be considered as different stages of the same disease, the difference in the character of the
Foreign Bodies in the Ear.
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Burlington, Ia., Dec. 30, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> I hope that I shall not be accused of trying to make a mountain out of a molehill, but I think that somebody should at least say that your other correspondent on this subject, inThe Journalof December 22, page 1643, is preaching just as pernicious a doctrine as that he assumes to condemn. Personally speaking, after an experience of more than twenty years, with a fairly numerous clientèle, I am unable to recall a single instance where serious permanent damage resulted from retention of foreign bodies in the ear. Several years ago I removed a small piece of slate pencil—case was reported then —which my patient maintained she had poked into the canal when she was a child twenty years before. So far as I could see, it might have safely remained there another twenty years imbedded as it was
A New Tractor for Obstetric Forceps
Authors: A. Duke
Journal: BMJ (1879)

CD14, expressed on the surface of monocytes as a phospholipid-linked protein, is a receptor for serum LPS binding protein/LPS complex. It was specifically down-modulated after stimulation of monocytes by physiologic activating/differentiating agents such as bacterial LPS and IFN-gamma, by the pharmacologic agents PMA and calcium ionophore A23187, and by anti-CD14 antibodies. The down-modulation was almost totally blocked at 4 degrees C or at pH 4.5 and markedly inhibited by the protease inhibitors diisopropylfluorophosphate and PMSF. A soluble labeled CD14 was isolated from culture supernatant of surface iodinated monocytes after their activation, indicating that CD14 is shed from the cell surface rather than internalized. The size of the soluble CD14 shed from the monocytes in vitro was smaller than that of either the membrane-bound form or a soluble CD14 cleaved from the cell surface by phosphatidyl inositol-specific phospholipase C, but identical to the size of one of the two major soluble CD14 forms normally found in human serum. These data suggest that CD14 shedding induced by monocyte stimulation may play an important role in the regulation of surface CD14 expression.
MÉNIÈRE'S SYNDROME FOLLOWING THE USE OF RADIUM
Authors: Emma J. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The recent article of Duke<sup>1</sup>on Ménière's syndrome caused by allergy prompts me to report another possible cause of this syndrome in the use of radium near the ears: <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Miss S., aged 62, entered Hartford Hospital, Sept. 25, 1923, because of hyperthyroidism, and was given an eleven-hour treatment by radium. It was applied to twelve different places on the neck, two of them being over the tonsils externally, close to the ears. She left the hospital the next day, but has been under careful observation since. In the three weeks following the treatment, she remarked frequently that the only places where she "felt the radium" were the ears. She said that they seemed "unnatural," and sometimes described the feeling as a "flopping sensation." Just three weeks after the treatment, she had a sudden, severe attack of vertigo, which lasted forty-five minutes and left her with the
Death After Withdrawal of Meprobamate
Authors: Frank B. Nordstrom
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the June 8 issue ofThe Journal, there is a Clinical Note by Swanson and Okada, regarding death after withdrawal of meprobamate. Although the report is meticulous and the laboratory findings extensive, there might be cause for disagreement with the final diagnosis. The symptoms of profuse sweating, course tremors of the extremities, apprehension leading to convulsion, hypertension developing into hypotension, and oliguria can be attributed to hypervolemia or water intoxication. It is stated that the patient received 5,000 cc (1,000 intravenously and 4,000 orally ) of water shortly after hospitalization. Intake is not recorded subsequent to this, so we do not know his later intake. This letter is intended to point out an alternate diagnosis. The manufacturers might possibly be entirely innocent of this patient's death.
Human Herpesvirus 8 — Let the Transplantation Physician Beware
Authors: Monto Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In this issue of the Journal, Regamey et al.1 provide evidence that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) can be transmitted through a kidney transplant. Physicians must be ever aware of new hazards of transplantation. This is the latest entry in a large and growing list of microbial agents that can be transmitted through donated tissues or organs.2 The list involves some nonviral agents present in the donor organs that frequently cause local infection after transplantation.2 Common saprophytic bacteria and candida have been implicated, as well as less common agents, such as cryptococcus and tubercle bacillus. Perhaps the nonviral agent of greatest . . .
A phase 2 study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics of FBS0701, a novel oral iron chelator, in transfusional iron overload
Authors: Ellis J. Neufeld, Renzo Galanello, Vip Viprakasit, Yesim Aydinok, Antonio Piga, Paul Harmatz, Gian Luca Forni, Farrukh T. Shah, Rachael F. Grace, John B. Porter, John C. Wood, Jennifer Peppe, Amber Jones, Hugh Young Rienhoff
Journal: Blood (2012)
Thirty Years of <i>Diabetes Care</i>: Reflections on the Beginning
Authors: Jay S. Skyler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The 1970s saw an explosion of clinical research in diabetes. In that decade the following was introduced: highly purified insulin, U-100 insulin, basal-bolus insulin therapy, self-monitoring of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin measurement, insulin pumps, laser photocoagulation, pancreas transplantation, the concept of specialized diabetes educators, and diabetes management teams. In 1975, the National Commission on Diabetes (1) was convened, and its report led to a marked expansion of National Institutes of Health–supported diabetes research, including the creation of Diabetes Centers. In response to these burgeoning advances, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) questioned whether its existing scientific journal Diabetes was adequately answering the needs of clinical investigators and clinicians caring for patients with diabetes.

To study the question, ADA created an ad hoc committee under the chairmanship of T. Franklin Williams. The committee concluded that, indeed, a second journal with a more clinical focus was needed. Several potential plans were considered. In the end, the committee chose to launch a peer-reviewed journal focusing on clinical research. Although some thought a review journal might better serve the needs of clinicians, the need for a peer-reviewed journal was felt to be sufficiently high that that plan won out. Nonetheless, some, led by ADA President Donnell Etzwiler, questioned whether there was enough high-quality diabetes clinical research to warrant a whole journal. That group wondered whether the focus should be broadened to health care in general, with diabetes as a model.

Indeed, the original working name of the journal was to be Diabetes Health Care so that it could include both diabetes and general health care articles. Others, led by President-Elect George Cahill, argued that that was too diffuse and the journal should maintain its diabetes focus. Clinical Diabetes or Diabetes — Clinical were proposed as titles. Both were vetoed by the then Editor of Diabetes …
How the pulmonary veins 'talk' to the sinoatrial node: new insights into an old mystery
Authors: R. Arora
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This editorial refers to ‘Nerves projecting from the intrinsic cardiac ganglia of the pulmonary veins modulate sinoatrial node pacemaker function’ by M. Zarzoso et al ., pp. 566–575, this issue. 

The role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the genesis of atrial arrhythmias has been extensively studied in the past,1,2 with both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system having been implicated in the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF).3,4 The discovery over a decade ago of the role of the pulmonary veins (PVs) in the genesis of AF has generated renewed interest in understanding the autonomic profile of the atria, in order to understand the role of the ANS in the genesis of focal triggers in the PVs. Clinical and animal data suggest that these PV trigger and drivers appear to be at least partially modulated by the ANS,4–6 with different studies implicating either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic nervous system in the genesis and/or maintenance of focal AF. More recent studies postulate a dominant role for the parasympathetic nervous system (in focal AF), in part on account of the vagal or Bezold–Jarisch-like reflexes (e.g. sinus bradycardia, asystole, AV block, or hypotension) noted during radiofrequency ablation of the PV tissues in patients with paroxysmal focal AF.7 Indeed, some clinical studies have suggested that the attenuation of these …
Diagnostic value of the nasal provocation test with <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> in childhood asthma
Authors: A. Baki, B. Uçar
Journal: Allergy (1995)

We aimed to determine whether the nasal provocation test (NPT) with allergen could be used as a diagnostic test in asthmatic children with or without allergic rhinitis, and whether it had any effects on pulmonary function tests and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) values. Therefore, 25 asthmatic outpatients sensitive to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), aged 6-17 years, 12 having allergic rhinitis, and 10 nonatopic children as a control group were challenged intranasally with solution containing Dp extract by administration of a total dose of 800-1000 AU to both nasal cavities. Before the test and 10 min and 20 min after the administration of the allergen intranasally, the nasal expiratory peak flow (NEPF), pulmonary function tests, and SaO2 were measured. In the NPT, a decrease of 20% or more in NEPF and occurrence of nasal symptoms were considered to be positive. NPT was positive in all the asthmatic patients with or without allergic rhinitis, while all the children in the control group had a negative test. Compared to values prior to the test, values of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and SaO2 showed no statistically significant decrease, and no clinically significant asthmatic reaction was observed in any of the groups. Our study suggests that in asthmatic children with or without allergic rhinitis, the NPT with allergen is a simple, safe, and useful diagnostic test.