tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of colchicine and vinblastine on the biliary excretion of carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Peter Thomas, Paul F. O'Neil, Norman Zamcheck
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

The biliary output of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in bile fistula rats following treatment with the microtubule poisons vinblastine and colchicine increased 3-fold over a 4-hr period. Cytochalasin B and the inactive colchicine derivative lumicolchicine had no effect. These treatments did not effect the rate of CEA clearance from the circulation. Biliary output of low molecular weight fragments from CEA degradation was decreased in the presence of colchicine and vinblastine. Mechanical obstruction of the bile duct for 3 days followed by relief of obstruction resulted in a 3-fold increased output of CEA into the bile. These results are consistent with a paracellular mechanism for CEA transport from blood to bile. Biliary duct obstruction and vinblastine and colchicine probably affect the permeability of junctional complexes between hepatocytes allowing CEA to penetrate more easily.
The Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor: Biology, Function, and Clinical Application
Authors: Laurence A. Rubin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Purpose: To review the biologic origin, functional characteristics, and current and potential clinical applications of a novel marker of immune system activation, the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R). Data Identification: Studies reported since 1985 were identified by a computer search using MEDLINE as well as from bibliographies of published work. Study Selection: Sixty-two reports on the clinical applications of the sIL-2R, largely from peer-reviewed journals, were identified. These reports address the utility and significance of sIL-2R measurements in various conditions. Basic scientific investigations delineating the biochemical and molecular features of the human interleukin-2 receptor complex and the sIL-2R protein were reviewed. Data Extraction: The validity of sIL-2R quantitation as an index of in-vivo immune system activation and its usefulness as a measure of disease activity and outcome were examined. Results of Data Analysis: The quantitation of sIL-2R, a novel laboratory measure of in-vivo immune system activation, correlates reliably with disease activity in autoimmune inflammatory disorders, transplantation rejection, and specific infectious disorders. Markedly elevated serum sIL-2R levels are a particularly prominent feature of certain hematologic malignancies, such as human T lymphotropic retrovirus type I-associated adult T-cell leukemia and hairy cell leukemia, reflecting tumor burden and response to therapy. The sIL-2R level at disease onset may also reliably predict long-term prognosis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and it appears to provide an additional serologic measure in the assessment of clinical progression in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Conclusions: Studies have suggested that sIL-2R levels offer a rapid, reliable, and noninvasive measure of disease activity, response to therapy, and, in some cases, prognosis in a broad spectrum of conditions associated with T- or B-cell immune activation.
P79 Do children describe the benefits of inhaled asthma therapy in the same way as adults?
Authors: F. J. Gilchrist, M. Brady, K. Gallop, D. J. Wild, M. Tabberer, L. Jacques, W. Lenney
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Although it is well reported in adults, there is relatively little data on how children with asthma and their parents describe their attitudes to the disease, expectations of therapy and perception of treatment benefit. Our aim was to investigate this and determine if they differed from reports by adults with asthma. We plan to use the results to refine patient reported outcome measures for children with asthma. <h3>Methods</h3> We recruited families with an asthmatic child (4–11 years) who had recently been prescribed a change in treatment (starting inhaled corticosteroid monotherapy (ICS) or changing from ICS to inhaled corticosteroid/long acting ß<sub>2</sub> agonist combination therapy (ICS/LABA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the parents and the children if aged 7–11 years. Transcripts were analysed using a combination of thematic and content analysis and recruitment discontinued in each group once data saturation was reached. <h3>Results</h3> We undertook 41 interviews including 28 parents and 13 children. The numbers in each group can be seen in Abstract P79 table 1. All the children on ICS/LABA had been changed as their symptoms were not controlled on ICS monotherapy. The interviews highlighted the significant effects that paediatric asthma has on the whole family and the distress the symptoms cause to the child and their parents. Exacerbations led to frequent school absence and associated time off work for the parents. Both parents and children hoped that the new medication would lead to better symptom control, increased participation in physical activities and decreased visits to the GP or hospital. Positive effects of treatment change were identified, particularly in those changing from ICS to ICS/LABA. Benefits described included improvement in symptoms (especially cough and wheeze), increased participation in sport or play activities and reduced rescue medication use. These effects resulted in few visits to the GP/hospital and better attendance at school. <h3>Conclusions</h3> While asthma symptoms prevent adults and children from participating in different types of activities (eg, school not employment), children and their parents report the same concepts as adult patients with asthma.
SERUM FOR INFANTILE PARALYSIS
Authors: Kenelm Winslow
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a communication inThe Journal, September 26 (page 995), Dr. George Draper makes certain points with which I must disagree. With one, however, the necessity for a preparalytic diagnosis to secure the best results in any form of serum treatment, all clinicians will heartily concur. Dr. Draper favors the use of serum from patients recovered from acute poliomyelitis and cites a specific case in which, by the administration of such serum, a baby with infantile paralysis recovered without the onset of paralysis. He acknowledges that previous reports of the use of serum from recovered patients with poliomyelitis have not been encouraging, but attributes this to the giving of insufficient serum. The proper dose, according to Dr. Draper, should be 15 c.c. intraspinally, with from 150 to 200 c.c. of serum intravenously, requiring about 500 c.c. of blood. He thinks that the blood might either be secured
Physicochemical and Biochemical Aspects of Pharmacology
Authors: Bernard B. Brodie
Journal: JAMA (1967)

There are two facets to the problem of the biochemical and physical aspects of drug actions, the influence of drugs on the body and the influence of the body on drugs. In the past, pharmacology has emphasized the action of drugs on the living organism. But to be effective, a substance must have characteristics that allow it to reach its site of action in adequate concentration and to remain there for a suitable period of time. For this reason, we become concerned with the physical and biochemical factors that determine the duration of drug action. About 25 years ago, when I first became interested in the fate of drugs, I felt like the bat in Aesop's fable. Journals of pharmacology showed considerable reluctance in associating themselves with this "biochemical" topic, while biochemical journals refused these "drug" papers outright. But over the years pharmacology has broadened and these sort of studies
PHYSIOLOGIC STANDARDS IN GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY
Authors: HORACE W. SOPER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Recent advances in the physiology of digestion, particularly the work of Cannon, 1 Carlson 2 and Alvarez, 3 add emphasis to the role that motor disturbances play in the production of gastro-intestinal symptomatology. Only a few years ago we were primarily concerned about secretory changes, and fine distinctions were drawn in regard to the variations in gastric acidity. Rehfuss and Hawk 4 have shown that the highest degree of acidity occurs in healthy young subjects. Finally the researches of Johnson and Hurst, 5 confirmed by Carlson and others, demonstrated that the mucosa of the gastro-intestinal tract (except the anal canal) was devoid of pain nerve endings. Thus it appears that the terms hyperacidity, hyperesthesia gastrica and gastralgia are destined to be relegated to the junk heap of medical history.  Most investigators agree with Carlson that the pain in gastric and duodenal ulcer is largely, if not entirely, due to motor
TCTAP A-143 Comparison of Short-term Clinical Outcomes with Prasugrel Versus Adjunctive Cilostazol to Dual Anti-platelet Therapy in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Keun-Ho Park, Myung Ho Jeong, Youngkeun Ahn, Ju Han Kim, Young Joon Hong, Doo Sun Sim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Transdermal drug administration--a nuisance becomes an opportunity.
Authors: J E Shaw, J Urquhart
Journal: BMJ (1981)

We present a case of hypoparathyroidism, demonstrating extensive intracranial calcification, not only in basal ganglia, but also outside the extrapyramidal system. The patient presented with an unexplained epileptifors disorder, accompanied by extrapyramidal dysfunction in the form of choreoathetosis and hemiballismus. Hemiballismus is reported for the first time to our knowledge in association with hypoparathyroidism.
Abstract LB-3: Evidence that dibenzofuran based anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor peptidomimetics target galectin-1
Authors: Ruud P.M. Dings, Michelle C. Miller, Nigam Kumar, Kevin H. Mayo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Galectins, named for their selective binding to ß-galactoside-containing glycans, play crucial roles in many physiological as well as pathological processes. Galectin-1 (gal-1) in particular, has been shown to be differentially elevated in tumor endothelial cells in several cancers including cancer of the breast, colon, prostate and ovaries. Gal-1 targeting 33mer peptide, Anginex, inhibits tumor endothelial cell proliferation via anoikis and attenuates tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. Based on structure-activity relationships of anginex, partial-peptide mimetic were designed, using dibenzofuran (DBF) as a ß-turn mimetic to maintain the two key ß-strands and the bioactive amphipathic ß-sheet conformation of the peptide. The best DBF-based compound 6DBF7 (13mer) inhibited tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo better than parent anginex. Here we report on the optimization of the anti-angiogenic activity of 6DBF7 analogs in vitro, by substitution of natural and non-natural amino acids, and subsequently the antiangiogenic and anti-tumor effects of the most promising analogs in vivo. In addition, by using NMR spectroscopy and flow cytometry, we demonstrate that the lead 6DBF7 analogs interact with galectin-1 at a site near to its carbohydrate binding domain and by doing so can compete off galectin-1 from binding to ß-galactoside-containing glycans on the surface of cells in vitro. Overall, this research contributes to our ability to design pharmaceutical agents that target galectin-1 and thereby inhibit tumor growth and are potentially clinical candidates for use in the management of human cancers. This work was supported by NIH grant CA096090 to KHM Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-3. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-3
Worldwide assault on poliomyelitis gathering support, garnering results
Authors: C. A. Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interferon regulatory factor 3 protects against adverse neo-intima formation
Authors: Shu-Min Zhang, Li-Hua Zhu, Zuo-Zhi Li, Pi-Xiao Wang, Hou-Zao Chen, Hong-Jing Guan, Ding-Sheng Jiang, Ke Chen, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Song Tian, Da Yang, Xiao-Dong Zhang, Hongliang Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is central to the pathophysiology of neo-intima formation. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) inhibits the growth of cancer cells and fibroblasts. However, the role of IRF3 in vascular neo-intima formation is unknown. We evaluated the protective role of IRF3 against neo-intima formation in mice and the underlying mechanisms.IRF3 expression was down-regulated in VSMCs after carotid wire injury in vivo, and in SMCs after platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB challenge in vitro. Global knockout of IRF3 (IRF3-KO) led to accelerated neo-intima formation and proliferation of VSMCs, whereas the opposite was seen in SMC-specific IRF3 transgenic mice. Mechanistically, we identified IRF3 as a novel regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a negative regulator of SMC proliferation after vascular injury. Binding of IRF3 to the AB domain of PPARγ in the nucleus of SMCs facilitated PPARγ transactivation, resulting in decreased proliferation cell nuclear antigen expression and suppressed proliferation. Overexpression of wild-type, but not truncated, IRF3 with a mutated IRF association domain (IAD) retained the ability to exert anti-proliferative effect.IRF3 inhibits VSMC proliferation and neo-intima formation after vascular injury through PPARγ activation.
A 32-Year-Old Woman With Chronic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Brian E. Lacy
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Functional dyspepsia is a highly prevalent disorder that accounts for 5% of visits to primary care clinicians. It frequently coexists with other gastrointestinal tract disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Symptoms of functional dyspepsia, including epigastric pain, early satiety, and postprandial nausea, are nonspecific, making its diagnosis difficult. Functional dyspepsia is a heterogeneous disorder involving a number of different pathophysiologic processes, culminating in both gastrointestinal sensory and motor dysfunction. Although functional dyspepsia does not impart any increased risks to long-term health, it significantly affects both individuals and society. The economic burden of evaluating and treating functional dyspepsia is estimated to be at least $1 billion per year, and patients with functional dyspepsia experience a markedly reduced quality of life. Using the case of Ms C, we apply an evidence-based approach to highlight current knowledge in the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of functional dyspepsia.
NHS lacks the capacity to absorb the government's extra billions
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The extra billions being pumped into the NHS may end up being largely consumed by salary increases, according to a pharmaceutical industry think tank. The Office of Health Economics says that the health service lacks the capacity to absorb the money without inflationary pressures developing within the system.

Speaking at the launch of the office's annual Compendium of Health Statistics , associate director Jon Sussex said: “More money is great, but the question is how fast can it be spent, because what we want is more and better health care, not more expensive health care. We are worried …
ENA-78 Is an Important Angiogenic Factor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: MICHAEL P. KEANE, JOHN A. BELPERIO, MARIE D. BURDICK, JOSEPH P. LYNCH, MICHAEL C. FISHBEIN, ROBERT M. STRIETER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and often fatal disorder. Fibroplasia and deposition of extracellular matrix are dependent, in part, on angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. We obtained open lung biopsies from patients undergoing thoracic surgery for reasons other than interstitial lung disease (control) (n = 78) and from patients with IPF (n = 91). We found that levels of epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78) were greater from tissue specimens of IPF patients, as compared with control subjects. When ENA-78 was depleted from IPF tissue specimens, tissue-derived angiogenic activity was markedly reduced. Immunolocalization of ENA-78 demonstrated that hyperplastic Type II pneumocytes and macrophages were the predominant cellular sources of ENA-78. These findings support the notion that ENA-78 may be an important additional factor that regulates angiogenic activity in IPF.
Searching for Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with Stroke
Authors: Richard D. Layne
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 April 1993Searching for Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with StrokeRichard D. Layne, MDRichard D. Layne, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-8-199304150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Di Tullio and colleagues [1] found an association of cryptogenic stroke with right-to-left intracardiac shunt that was determined by contrast echocardiography and interpreted as an indication of patent foramen ovale. They concluded that when a diagnostic work-up fails to reveal a cause for the stroke, patients, regardless of age, should have contrast echocardiography. They also suggested that a normal transthoracic contrast echocardiogram might be followed by transesophageal contrast echocardiogram to exclude a patent foramen ovale.Even without the current close examination of the nation's health care expenditures, one must question these recommendations because, as they stated, therapy ...References1. Di Tullio M, Sacco RL, Gopal A, Mohr JP, Homma S. Patent foramen ovale as a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:461-5. Google Scholar2. Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Tugwell P. Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. Boston: Little, Brown; 1985:49. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1993Volume 118, Issue 8Page: 648KeywordsEchocardiographyHealth careIschemic strokeMorbidityStroke Issue Published: 15 April 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Outdoor Advertisers Restrict Tobacco And Alcohol Ads
Authors: Eleanor Dixon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Outdoor Advertisers Restrict Tobacco And Alcohol Ads Get access Eleanor Dixon Eleanor Dixon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 22, 21 November 1990, Pages 1743–1744, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.22.1743 Published: 21 November 1990
Cell Fusion as a Hidden Force in Tumor Progression
Authors: Xin Lu, Yibin Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Cell fusion plays an essential role in fertilization, formation of placenta, bone and muscle tissues, immune response, tissue repair, and regeneration. Increasing recognition of cell fusion in somatic cell dynamics has revitalized the century-old hypothesis that cell fusion may contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. In this review, we discuss findings from experimental and clinical studies that suggest a potentially multifaceted involvement of cell fusion in different stages of tumor progression, including aneuploidy and tumor initiation, origin of cancer stem cells, multidrug resistance, and the acquisition and diversification of metastatic abilities.
Myxedema ileus. A form of intestinal pseudo-obstruction
Authors: A. A. Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Myxedema ileus uncommonly complicates the hypothyroid state. It is a rare cause of intestinal pseudo-obstruction that can be reversed with thyroid hormone therapy. Our two patients with myxedema ileus had concurrent infection. Intestinal ileus was completely reversed with the administration of thyroid hormone.
Indian doctors debate increased affirmative action for lower castes
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy targets highly expressed somatostatin receptors in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, producing stability or a partial response in most patients with inoperable or metastatic disease. However, neuroendocrine tumors showing increased <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake have limited treatment options and a poor outcome, and the role of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is still unclear. Here, we present the case of a young man with mediastinal paraganglioma and extensive metastatic disease showing avidity on both somatostatin receptor imaging and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG imaging. The patient experienced a partial response to peptide receptor chemoradionuclide therapy (<sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE and low-dose capecitabine), as well as a significantly improved quality of life. This case highlights the utility of peptide receptor chemoradionuclide therapy when there is extensive disease avid for both somatostatin receptor and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG and a lack of other suitable treatment modalities.