tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leprosy Diagnosed as Syringomyelia
Authors: C. J. Lucas
Journal: BMJ (1956)

MBILJcyst was derived from a congenital duplication of the large intestine.The cyst described in this paper and the retroperitoneal cyst of Hughes and Greene bear a close resemblance histologically, the endothelial foam cells and giant cells found in both suggesting a breaking down of fat cells following infection; but, whereas theirs was unilocular and lay on the antimesenteric border of the gut, the one now reported was multilocular and invaded the appendices epiploicae.It is possible that the two cysts may have a similar origin, which may be explained in the way suggested by Hughes and Greene.The importance of this type of cyst is its clinical resemblance to carcinoma of the colon.I am indebted to Dr. Mary E.
Differing Associations of Lipid and Lipoprotein Disturbances With the Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nish Chaturvedi, John H. Fuller, Marja-Riitta Taskinen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes, but lipid and lipoprotein patterns remain favorable. In contrast, nephropathy is associated with an adverse distribution. We compared the associations and predictive power of lipid and lipoprotein disturbances with these complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A nested case-control study from the EURODIAB cohort of 140 case subjects with evidence of at least one complication and 84 control subjects with no complications were analyzed. Conventional and unconventional lipid and lipoprotein fractions, including apolipoprotein (apo)-A1, lipoprotein (Lp)-A1, LpA1/A2, apoB, and LDL particle size were measured centrally. RESULTS—CVD was only associated with increased LDL cholesterol (3.6 vs. 3.0 mmol/l, P = 0.02). In contrast, albuminuria was associated with elevated cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and apoB and with diminished LDL particle size. No disturbances in HDL and related lipoproteins were noted. In normoalbuminuric patients, CVD was not associated with any significant changes in lipids. CVD in macroalbuminuric patients was associated with increased triglyceride level (2.37 vs. 1.07 mmol/l, P = 0.001; P = 0.02 for CVD/albuminuria interaction) and LDL cholesterol (5.4 vs. 3.3 mmol/l, P = 0.005; P = 0.004 for interaction). Independent associations were observed for total cholesterol and for LDL particle size and albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS—Abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein disturbances are more closely related to albuminuria than to CVD in patients with type 1 diabetes. Measurement of conventional parameters provide sufficient risk information. ApoB and LDL particle size offer limited extra information. HDL metabolism remains undisturbed in the presence of complications. These changes reflect associations with glycemic control, which is the key to understanding lipid and lipoprotein disturbances.
Newer Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: HOMER A. SIEBER, KEITH S. GRIMSON, EDWARD S. ORGAIN
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Fifty patients exhibiting relatively severe hypertensive vascular disease were treated with hexamethonium compounds for periods of 3 to 19 months, averaging 9 months per patient. Hexamethonium is a potent anticholinergic agent capable of lowering blood pressure for short periods. During prolonged administration, the initial effects upon blood pressure tend to become diminished or lost, so that in the long-term treatment of severe hypertension, hexamethonium therapy alone possesses limited value. Amelioration of symptoms, decrease in retinopathy and improvement in the electrocardiogram are noted. Five fatalities occurred during treatment, but none of these was attributed directly to drug action.
Selective vagotomy of the canine oesophagus--a model for the treatment of hiatal hernia.
Authors: M H Edwards
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Hiatal herniation caused by contraction of the longitudinal muscle of the oesophagus has been prevented by disconnecting the local vagal nerve supply while preserving the vagal connections to more distant organs. A selective oesophageal vagotomy above the lung hilum may prove an effective adjunct to orthodox hiatal hernia repair in man.
HG-15 * TARGETED NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING IN MALIGNANT SUPRATENTORIAL PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS REVEALS ACTIONABLE MUTATIONS
Authors: B. Cole, C. Pritchard, M. Anderson, S. Leary
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Pediatric supratentorial brain tumors have been difficult to appropriately categorize using standard clinical and pathological criteria. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a promising tool to evaluate many genes simultaneously; genomic alterations identified using NGS could improve diagnosis and identify actionable alterations. Currently, there is no data on the clinical utility of NGS in pediatric brain tumors. METHODS: Twelve formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor samples were retrieved from 9 patients with high-grade supratentorial pediatric brain tumors resected between 2008 and 2012. Original and relapse samples were obtained from 3 patients. DNA was extracted and analyzed on a 194 gene NGS platform that has been validated clinically for use in adult malignancies with emphasis on detection of drug targets. Genetic findings were correlated with histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We found one or more pathologic genetic variant (mutation, amplification, or deletion) in 8 of 9 (89%) of patients studied, including alterations in multiple subjects of EGFR (n = 3), PDGFRA (n = 2), CDK4 (n = 2) and CDKN2A (n = 2). An identical EGFR exon 20 insertion was identified in 2 subjects, which has not been previously described in pediatric malignancy. In addition, NGS identified mutations in genes associated with familial cancer predisposition syndromes in 5 patients, including TP53 (n = 2), PTEN, CHEK2, and MSH2. Comparison of primary to relapse samples showed additional mutations and amplifications in PDGFRA and EGFR detected solely in latter relapse samples. The single patient without actionable mutations was in one of only two long-term survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted deep sequencing may be useful in rare pediatric brain tumors to identify driver mutations, suggest constitutional and familial testing for cancer predisposition syndromes, and select molecular targets worthy of further study.
Studies in vitro of the relationship between ultrasound and laser Doppler velocimetry and applicability to the simplified Bernoulli relationship.
Authors: L M Valdes-Cruz, A P Yoganathan, T Tamura, F Tomizuka, Y R Woo, D J Sahn
Journal: Circulation (1986)

While there has been wide general acceptance of Doppler methods that use the simplified Bernoulii relationship to estimate pressure gradients across stenotic orifices, there is still ongoing controversy related to potential sources of error in the method. In this study we tested accuracy o ultrasound Doppler measurements of flow velocity when compared with the gold standard of laser light Doppler anemometry in a pulsatile flow model of pulmonic stenosis in vitro. We tested two commercially available Doppler systems and examined steered and nonsteered, parallel and off-axis and angle-corrected velocity determinations using continuous-wave and high-pulse repetition frequency (HPRF) methods. We also examined the potential range of error in the simplified Bernoulli method. One hundred and twenty individual flow states were examined with three stenotic valve orifices (3.0, 1.0, and 0.5 cm2 flow area) to measure velocities up to 620 cn/sec. A very high correlation coefficient was obtained for the comparison of laser Doppler anemometric and ultrasound velocity recordings by the nonsteered continuous-wave technique (r= .99, SEE = 17.9 cn/sec), but there was a tendency for underestimation of higher velocities when the transducer was positioned at 30 degrees and the ultrasound beam was steered so as to be parallel to the visualized flow jet (r = .98, SEE = 29.6 cn/sec). The HPRF ultrasound Doppler technique was also highly accurate in this optimized setting for measuring velocities (r = .99, SEE = 17 cm/sec), but also slightly underestimated the highest velocities. Our results also verified the accuracy of the simplified Bernoulli equation for converting instantaneous velocity measurements to estimated peak instantaneous gradient (r = .97, SEE = 8.4 mm Hg).
Drug points: Severe myalgia from an interaction between treatments with pantoprazole and methotrexate
Authors: U Troger
Journal: BMJ (2002)

based interventions can alleviate distress and minimise the secondary handicap that results from disrupted education and impaired social development. 5ntributors: HM directed the initial survey and the follow up and discussed the analyses, findings, and draft versions of the paper.RG and TF were on
On learning and shift (in)variance of pattern recognition across the visual field
Authors: Martin Jüttner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Ballard et al.'s principle of deictic coding as exemplified in the analysis of fixation patterns relies on a functional dichotomy between foveal and extrafoveal vision based on the well-known dependency of spatial resolution on eccentricity. Experimental evidence suggests that for processes of pattern learning and recognition such a dichotomy may be less warranted because its manifestation depends on the learning state of the observer. This finding calls for an explicit consideration of learning mechanisms within deictic coding schemes.
Acyclovir with and without Prednisone for the Treatment of Herpes Zoster
Authors: Richard J. Whitley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine the effect of acyclovir and prednisone treatment of herpes zoster on chronic pain and quality-of-life outcomes. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a 2 × 2 factorial design. Setting: 15 university hospitals or affiliated clinics. Patients: 208 immunocompetent patients older than 50 years of age who had localized herpes zoster that developed less than 72 hours before study enrollment. Intervention: Acyclovir or a matched placebo was administered orally, 800 mg five times daily, for 21 days. Prednisone or a matched placebo was administered orally at 60 mg/d for the first 7 days, 30 mg/d for days 8 to 14, and 15 mg/d for days 15 to 21. The four treatments regimens given were acyclovir plus prednisone; acyclovir plus prednisone placebo; prednisone plus acyclovir placebo; and placebos for both acyclovir and prednisone. Measurements: Patients were monitored daily for the first 28 days for lesion healing, resolution of pain, return to usual activity, and return to uninterrupted sleep. Monitoring was then done monthly for 6 months. Patients documented analgesic requirements each day, and adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were recorded at each clinic visit. An intention-to-treat analysis was used. Results: Patients were randomly allocated to receive one of the four regimens. Demographic characteristics were similar for each group. Time to total crusting and healing was accelerated for patients receiving acyclovir plus prednisone compared with patients receiving two placebos; the risk ratios were 2.27 (95% CI, 1.46 to 3.55) for total crusting and 2.07 (CI, 1.26 to 3.38) for healing. Similarly, compared with the placebo group, patients receiving acyclovir plus prednisone had accelerated time to cessation of acute neuritis (risk ratio, 3.02 [CI, 1.42 to 6.41]), time to return to uninterrupted sleep (risk ratio, 2.12 [CI, 1.25 to 3.58]); time to return to usual daily activity (risk ratio, 3.22 [CI, 1.92 to 5.40]); and time to cessation of analgesic therapy (risk ratio, 3.15 [CI, 1.69 to 5.89]). In the acyclovir plus prednisone group, resolution of pain during the 6 months after disease onset did not statistically differ from that in the other groups. No important clinical or laboratory adverse events occurred in any group. Conclusions: In relatively healthy persons older than 50 years of age who have localized herpes zoster, combined acyclovir and prednisone therapy can improve quality of life. *For members of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group, see the Appendix.
Increased Fish Consumption May Be Risky
Authors: Barbara S. Glenn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several articles that discuss the benefits of consuming fish and fish oils have appeared in<i>JAMA</i>and other journals. Numerous epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have addressed the relationship between consumption of ω-J polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) derived from fish oils and the incidence of disease. Kromhout et al<sup>1</sup>found an inverse relationship between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease and suggest that ingesting as little as 30 g of fish per day (a single 1/2-lb fish meal per week) may be of value in preventing coronary heart disease. Further, ingestion of ω-J polyunsaturated fatty acids may be associated with decreased levels of plasma triglycerides, plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low— density lipoprotein.<sup>2</sup>Fish oils also may play a role in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. However, there is conflicting information on the
Gallium Localization in Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: HALCOTT T. HADEN, H ROBERT LIPPMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Gallium concentration was demonstrated in a dissecting aneurysm of the aortic arch, imaged approximately 2 weeks after dissection. Concentration of gallium was apparently due to the inflammatory reaction associated with the organizing intramural hematoma.
Pulmonary dirofilariasis: report of a human case.
Authors: H K Leonardi, J D Lapey, F H Ellis
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) principally infests canine hosts. However, human pulmonary dirofilariasis is being reported with increasing frequency, and the following case illustrates essential features of the disease. It typically presents as a solitary pulmonary nodule without symptoms and invariably requires pulmonary resection to differentiate it from primary or secondary malignancy.
Prepubertal increases in gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA, gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor, and subsequent maturation of precursor processing in male rats.
Authors: C M Dutlow, J Rachman, T W Jacobs, R P Millar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Changes in gonadotropins and gonadal steroids during sexual maturation in rats and humans are well documented but little is known about hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression in relation to these events. This study measured hypothalamic proGnRH mRNA, GnRH precursor, and fully processed GnRH from postnatal day 8 until day 62 in male rats. GnRH precursor increased on day 22, reached a peak on day 24, declined on day 25 and returned to infantile levels by day 28. A secondary rise in precursor occurred at about day 40 when testosterone levels increased. GnRH mRNA increased on day 22 and remained elevated over the study period to day 26. GnRH increased on day 24 and remained at this level until a secondary rise occurred coincident with the testosterone rise at about day 40. The ratio of GnRH precursor to GnRH was high until day 24 and was low from day 26 onwards, reflecting a maturation of the processing enzyme system between these 2 d. Thus, an abrupt increase in GnRH gene transcription (mRNA) occurs early in juvenile male rats (day 22), well before the onset of puberty. An increase in GnRH precursor accompanies these early changes and this is followed by the maturation of processing as evidenced by the rapid decline of precursor and increase in GnRH from day 24 onward.
Viral dynamics and response differences in HCV-infected African American and white patients treated with IFN and ribavirin
Authors: Jennifer E. Layden-Almer, Ruy M. Ribeiro, Thelma Wiley, Alan S. Perelson, Thomas J. Layden
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Studies have suggested that African American patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) do not respond as well to treatment with interferon (IFN) as white patients. Here we analyzed the difference in the viral kinetic response between genotype 1 HCV-infected African American patients (n = 19) and white patients (n = 16). Patients were treated with 10 mIU IFN-alpha2b daily with or without ribavirin for 1 month followed by 3 mIU IFN-alpha2b 3 times a week with ribavirin. The kinetic parameters (epsilon, treatment effectiveness at inhibiting virion production; delta, loss rate of virus-producing cells; c, clearance rate of free virions; tau, delay until viral decline starts) were estimated from the viral load decay profiles using a previously described mathematical model. Differences in early kinetic parameters and viral negativity frequencies at weeks 4, 12, and 48 were compared. Ribavirin did not appear to enhance any of the viral kinetic parameters, although this may have been due to the high dose of IFN used. African American patients exhibited significantly (P =.005) lower drug effectiveness (88.6% vs. 98.2%) compared with white patients, accounting for a 0.8 log lower HCV RNA decrease in the first 24 hours of treatment. Significant differences (P =.006) were also noted for delta. There was no correlation between any of the viral kinetic parameters and either age, body mass index (BMI), or genotype 1 subtype. No patient achieved viral negativity at weeks 4, 12, or 48 without an epsilon greater than 90%. The mean viral decline and viral negativity rates were statistically different between the two races; however, when controlling for treatment effectiveness, these differences were no longer apparent. In conclusion, the failure of IFN response in African American patients infected with genotype 1 HCV is in part due to an impaired ability to inhibit viral production.
Psychosomatique du fait urbain
Authors: P. Bugard
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Psycho-analysis and Structural-analysis make a possible approach to the Symbolic Aspects of Home and City. The thematic of Habitat is firmly fixed to our inner, unconscious, emotional world. The symbolic meaning of Home is related to the problem of Oedipus. The topics about the City evoke that Oedipian problems have been overmatched: so the person has achieved his own liberty, and attained to adult genitality. This material becomes visible in individual dreams, in collective myths, in children's drawings, and in the unconscious way we feel and comprehend our own Home and Town.
Some Oral Poliovirus Vaccines Were Contaminated with Infectious SV40 after 1961
Authors: Rochelle Cutrone, John Lednicky, Glynis Dunn, Paola Rizzo, Maurizio Bocchetta, Konstantin Chumakov, Philip Minor, Michele Carbone
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Some polio vaccines prepared from 1954 to 1961 were contaminated with infectious SV40. It has been assumed that all polio vaccines were SV40 free in the United States after 1961 and in other countries after 1962. Following a WHO requirement that was prompted by the detection of SV40 in some human tumors, we conducted a multilaboratory study to test for SV40 polio vaccines prepared after 1961. Vaccine samples from 13 countries and the WHO seed were initially tested by PCR. The possible presence of intact and/or infectious SV40 DNA in PCR-positive samples was tested by transfection and infection of permissive CV-1 cells. All results were verified by immunohistochemistry, cloning, and sequencing. All the vaccines were SV40 free, except for vaccines from a major eastern European manufacturer that contained infectious SV40. We determined that the procedure used by this manufacturer to inactivate SV40 in oral poliovirus vaccine seed stocks based on heat inactivation in the presence of MgCl2 did not completely inactivate SV40. These SV40-contaminated vaccines were produced from early 1960s to about 1978 and were used throughout the world. Our findings underscore the potential risks of using primary monkey cells for preparing poliovirus vaccines, because of the possible contamination with SV40 or other monkey viruses, and emphasize the importance of using well-characterized cell substrates that are free from adventitious agents. Moreover, our results indicate possible geographic differences in SV40 exposure and offer a possible explanation for the different percentage of SV40-positive tumors detected in some laboratories.
Rapid Development of an Advanced Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: C.-Y. Yang, M.-Y. Ho, S.-T. Chen, K.-L. Huang, C.-L. Chen, H.-F. Shu
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

This report describes the case of a 42-year-old alcoholic man who developed advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus following an endoscopic examination showing grossly normal mucosa only 8 months previously. We believe this is the first case report providing endoscopic images illustrating a progression from grossly normal mucosa to advanced carcinoma of the esophagus in only 8 months.
Heat Shock Protein 90α–Dependent Translocation of Annexin II to the Surface of Endothelial Cells Modulates Plasmin Activity in the Diabetic Rat Aorta
Authors: Hetian Lei, Giulio Romeo, Andrius Kazlauskas
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

The goals of this article were (1) to identify cell surface proteins whose expression was regulated by diabetes and (2) to assess their contribution to diabetic complications. We purified heat shock protein 90alpha (Hsp90alpha) from the membrane fraction of high glucose-treated endothelial cells (ECs) as a binding partner for a diabetes-specific phage. Further investigation revealed that high glucose elevated cell surface Hsp90alpha in cultured cells, and that diabetes increased the amount of Hsp90alpha on the luminal surface of the aorta. We also found that high glucose or diabetes promoted the association of Hsp90alpha with annexin II and increased the expression of annexin II on the surface of aortic ECs. Finally, plasmin activity was increased by high glucose or diabetes, and this change was partially reversed with an annexin II antibody. These findings reveal a novel glucose-regulated interaction between Hsp90alpha and annexin II, and raise the possibility that increased expression of annexin II, which promotes the generation of plasmin, is linked to clotting abnormalities associated with the diabetic state.
Wyeth found guilty of paying to boost use of a specific medicine
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Drugs giant Wyeth has suspended a programme of offering to switch patients on GPs' lists from a version of a drug that is soon to lose its patent to one with a longer patent life, after a ruling by the pharmaceutical industry's regulatory body.

According to Des Spence, a GP in Glasgow, Wyeth started to offer GPs in his area a service to change the repeat prescriptions of patients taking the proton pump inhibitor Zoton (capsules of lansoprazole) to Zoton FasTab (orodispersible tablets of lansoprazole) about six months ago. The reason the company gave for the switch to FasTab was that the newer drug was 10% cheaper than Zoton and equally effective, so the switch represented a cost saving …