tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Levodopa and Schizophrenia
Authors: Jose A. Yaryura Tobias
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  The use of levodopa (L-DOPA; dihydroxyphenylalanine) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease has been satisfactorily demonstrated in many cases when other therapeutic measures fail to act. It has been reported in the available literature 1,2 that the administration of levodopa might cause psychiatric symptoms (eg, hallucinations, ideas of reference, or irritability) as untoward side effects.  Our own experience indicates that levodopa aggravates the mental status of patients with chronic schizophrenia with drug-induced parkinsonism. 3 We have also found that levodopa increased the severity of depression in two patients with Parkinson's disease and caused auditory and visual hallucinations in one patient without previous mental illness. A decrease or gradual withdrawal of levodopa resulted in the disappearance of psychiatric symptoms in all three patients. These findings could be in agreement with those biochemical theories of schizophrenia where biogenic amines metabolism seems to play a preponderant role. 4 As this
The Effects of Hyperbaric-Oxygen Tensions on Pulmonary Surfactant in Guinea Pigs and Rats
Authors: Watts R. Webb
Journal: JAMA (1966)

One of the major problems in the use of hyperbaric oxygen is its effect on the pulmonary parenchyma itself (Lorrain Smith effect), consisting of extensive congestion, edema, inflammatory infiltration of the alveoli and interstitial tissues, and progressive focal atelectasis.<sup>1</sup>The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of high oxygen tensions on the alveolar-lining-layer surfactant, since alteration of this could account in part for the observed changes. <h3>Methods</h3> Adult guinea pigs or albino rats were placed in a hyperbaric chamber constructed from a pressure cooker with addition of an oxygen inlet and a pressure gauge. Adequate soda lime was added to remove any carbon dioxide that might accumulate during a ten-hour period. After the animals were inserted, the chamber was flushed with oxygen to remove all room air. The pressure was gradually increased to 45 pounds per square inch (psi) and maintained for the duration of the
Trends in management and outcomes of acute aortic dissection: Lessons learned from the first 1,000 patients enrolled in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD)
Authors: Kim A. Eagle, Christoph A. Nienaber, Rajendra H. Mehta, Jeanna V. Cooper, Dean E. Smith, Truls Myrmel, Udo Sechtem, Eduardo Bossone, James Januzzi, Eric M. Isselbacher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Simple Optical Methods for the Recognition of Atrial Flutter, Especially at Slow Atrial Rates
Authors: DAVID A. RYTAND, ARTHUR FRANK, GENE R. PROFANT
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Simple optical methods, particularly the use of a cylindrical lens, are described which facilitate the examination of electrocardiograms and the differentiation of atrial flutter from atrial tachycardia with block. Results of utilizing the methods indicate that what may seem to be an isoelectric line of the latter is sometimes but an optical illusion, especially at slow atrial rates. Continuous atrial electrical activity of flutter has been detected at atrial rates as slow as 88 per minute. Some of these findings are relevant to certain considerations on the mechanisms of atrial arrhythmias.
Patients and the Habits of House Officers-Reply
Authors: Jocelyn J. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letters by Blondell et al and Drs Neinstein and Adelman add interesting data to the literature on patient preferences and reinforce the fact that patients' preferences appear to depend heavily on their ages, the setting, and, of course, the individual. One of the more striking findings in our study was the lack of difference between patients at teaching hospitals in San Francisco and Boston. However, we would agree that caution should be used in applying our data to other populations, such as the pediatric patients of Dr Neinstein. Like Dr Koumbourlis, we do not believe that attire and etiquette are substitutes for good clinical skills, but we do feel that they play a role in the development of physician-patient relationships. In situations in which patients have the opportunity to select (or reject) their physicians, they presumably choose physicians with whom they feel comfortable. In situations in which
Effects of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation on Conduction in the Heart
Authors: ANDREW G. WALLACE, STANLEY J. SARNOFF
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

The influence of cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation on certain aspects of ventricular excitation was examined in dogs at constant heart rate. Bipolar electrodes were used to record electrical activity from atrium, His bundle, right Purkinje papillary muscle junction, basal interventricular septum and the epicardial surface of the ventricles. Stimulation of the left stellate ganglion reduced markedly the A-V nodal delay, but produced little or no change of conduction velocity in the Purkinje system or in the pattern of epicardial depolarization. Conduction in muscle was enhanced slightly by stellate stimulation and appears to account for the observed decrease of 2 to 3 msec in ventricular activation time. These data indicate that cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation does not result in major changes in the sequence of ventricular excitation.
Sympathetic Overactivity in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

It is not clear why blood pressure increases in patients with chronic renal failure. The most widely advanced explanation is that such increases are due to extracellular volume expansion caused by decreased renal sodium and water excretion, but other factors may contribute. Activation of the renin–angiotensin system seems to be a pivotal factor, as indicated not only by measurements of plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone, but also by findings that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have renal protective actions in patients with renal hypertension. In patients with renal failure, even normal values for plasma renin activity are inappropriately high for . . .
Gated rubidium-82 cardiac PET imaging: evaluation of left ventricular wall motion
Authors: Josef Machac, Karina Mosci, Orlandino D. Almeida, Paul Andrews, Lori Croft, Joseph A. Diamond, Milena J. Henzlova, Chun K. Kim, Michael Kim, Borys R. Krynyckyi, Samin Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The rapid transit system for patients with fractures of the proximal femur.
Authors: R W Warne
Journal: BMJ (1985)

to exaggerate the "r" and "p" values by selective exclusion of certain subjects or in- corporating non-diabetics in their statistical calculations.The fact that six diabetic sub- jects with normal HbA,, had high fructosamine values emphasises the inherent differences between the two populations.
The Mechanism of Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: J. THOMAS BIGGER, BRUCE N. GOLDREYER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

In six successive patients, none of whom had the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, recurrent episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) were analyzed to determine the mechanism by which this arrhythmia is initiated and sustained. In each patient, simultaneous intracavitary atrial electrograms and surface electrocardiograms were recorded during the onset of numerous spontaneous episodes of SVT. Atrial premature depolarizations (APD) produced by programmed stimulation sequences were used to measure atrioventricular refractory periods and to produce atrial echoes and episodes of SVT. Stimulated APDs introduced during sustained episodes of SVT either altered its behavior or terminated it. The electrophysiologic behavior of SVT in these patients strongly suggests that the mechanism responsible for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is atrial reentry utilizing the A-V conducting system.
Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas: The Possible Relation of Some of the Clinical Entities of the Adult to the Generalized Disease of Children.
Authors: P. A. di Sant'Agnese
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas: The Possible Relation of Some of the Clinical Entities of the Adult to the Generalized Disease of Children.P. A. di Sant'Agnese, M.D.P. A. di Sant'Agnese, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-679_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCystic fibrosis of the pancreas is a generalized disorder in which there is a widespread dysfunction of exocrine glands. Abnormalities include such varied findings as an abnormal physicochemical behavior and chemical structure of mucopolysaccharide secretions and an electrolyte abnormality in the composition of eccrine sweat and saliva. The unknown basic defect is genetically transmitted, probably as a recessive trait.In the homozygotic form, cystic fibrosis with its chronic pulmonary involvement, pancreatic achylia, and, at times, cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypertension is one of the most common and serious of the chronic diseases of children and adolescents. As a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Md. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 679-680KeywordsChildrenCystic fibrosisLiver fibrosisPancreasPortal hypertensionPulmonary diseasesPulmonary fibrosisPulmonary hypertensionSalivaSweat ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Expression of mucosal homing receptor alpha4beta7 by circulating CD4+ cells with memory for intestinal rotavirus.
Authors: L S Rott, J R Rosé, D Bass, M B Williams, H B Greenberg, E C Butcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The integrin alpha4beta7 mediates lymphocyte binding to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1, and its expression defines lymphocytes capable of trafficking through the intestines and the intestinal lymphoid tissues. We examined the ability of discrete alpha4beta7(hi) and alpha4beta7- subsets of circulating memory phenotype (CD45RA-) CD4+ T cells to proliferate in response to rotavirus, a ubiquitous intestinal pathogen. alpha4beta7(hi) memory (CD45RA-) CD4+ T cells displayed much greater reactivity to rotavirus than alpha4beta7- memory or naive (CD45RA+) CD4+ T cells. In contrast, alpha4beta7- memory cells were the predominant population responsive to mumps antigen after intramuscular vaccination. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that natural rotavirus infection, an enteric pathogen, results in a specific circulating memory CD4+ response that is largely limited to the gut-homing alpha4beta7+ subpopulation. This phenotype is not shared with memory cells elicited by intramuscular immunization (shown here) or by skin contact allergens. The results support the hypothesis that gut trafficking memory CD4+ T cells comprise cellular memory for intestinal antigens and suggest that regulated expression of alpha4beta7 helps target and segregate intestinal versus systemic immune response.
Severe Acidosis and Hyperpotassemia Treated with Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion
Authors: KUNO C. SCHWARZ, BURTON D. COHEN, GLENN D. LUBASH, ALBERT L. RUBIN
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Four uremic patients with severe acidosis, hyperpotassemia, and electrocardiographic signs of toxicity were treated with intravenous sodium bicarbonate. Serial determinations showed a fall in plasma potassium, a rise in blood pH, and regression of the electrocardiogram toward normal. The mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.
Changes in interferon receptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B being treated with interferon
Authors: Shinya Nakajima, Tetsuo Kuroki, Machiko Shintani, Osamu Kurai, Tadashi Takeda, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Susumu Shiomi, Shuichi Seki, Kenzo Kobayashi
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

We studied the binding of 125I-labeled human interferon-alpha to peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 21 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were treated with human interferon-alpha or interferon-beta. Fourteen patients were given interferon daily for 4 wk. Interferon receptors per cell decreased to about 50% of baseline but increased to baseline by 2 wk after therapy ended. The activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase rose about fivefold during therapy, decreasing to baseline by 1 wk after the end of therapy. The seven other patients were given interferon daily for 2 wk, no interferon for 2 wk and then interferon daily for 2 wk more. During both periods of therapy on this schedule, interferon receptors decreased to about 50% but returned to baseline 1 wk after the interferon was stopped. The activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase increased about fivefold during both the first and second periods of therapy and decreased to baseline 1 wk after interferon was stopped. Close negative correlation existed between the number of interferon receptors and the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity. The results of interferon therapy could not be predicted by either the numbers of interferon receptors before therapy or by the decrease in this number during therapy.
Mithramycin for Hypoglycemia in Malignant Insulinoma
Authors: David T. Kiang, Daniel H. Frenning, G. Eric Bauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

HYPOGLYCEMIA occurs in 90 per cent of patients with functioning islet-cell tumors and is difficult to manage.1 Although diazoxide and streptozotocin are useful agents for treatment,2 they are not uniformly successful. We report here the initially successful use of mithramycin, an inhibitor of RNA synthesis,3 in a patient with intractable hypoglycemia due to metastatic islet-cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods A 59-year-old woman had symptomatic hypoglycemia with a low plasma glucose (29 mg per 100 ml) and a concomitant increased serum insulin (114 μU per milliliter). Exploratory laparotomy revealed a large tumor in the pancreas and multiple hepatic nodules that on . . .
Postponing or Preventing Deaths? Trends in Infant Survival
Authors: Samuel Sepkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Buehler et al<sup>1</sup>in their article on infant survival in Georgia state that "recent declines in neonatal mortality in the United States have been largely attributed to lower mortality among low-birth-weight infants." Such is not the case in Georgia, based on the information supplied by the authors. Although neonatal mortality declined from 12 per 1,000 live births in 1974-1975 to 8.1 per 1,000 live births in 1980-1981, the percentage of low-birth-weight deaths remained the same (77.3% vs 77.5%). These similar proportions suggest diverse sources of causation for the decline or a generalized one operating in both weight groups; it argues against the greater utilization of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) as a single cause of the decline in neonatal mortality. The interpretation of weight-specific neonatal mortality declines is a specious one. Demonstrating an increased utilization of NICU care over time hardly justifies the statement that improved
Exercise-induced Quadriceps Oxidative Stress and Peripheral Muscle Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Annabelle Couillard, François Maltais, Didier Saey, Richard Debigaré, Annie Michaud, Christelle Koechlin, Pierre LeBlanc, Christian Préfaut
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Exercise-induced muscle oxidative stress may be involved in the myopathy associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study was designed to look at whether local exercise induces muscle oxidative stress and whether this oxidative stress may be associated with the reduced muscle endurance in patients with COPD. Quadriceps endurance was measured in 12 patients with COPD (FEV1 = 0.96 ± 0.14 SEM) and 10 healthy sedentary subjects by repeated knee extensions of the dominant leg. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained before and 48 hours after exercise. Muscle oxidative stress was measured by lipid peroxidation and oxidized proteins. Muscle antioxidant was evaluated by peroxidase glutathion activity. Quadriceps endurance was significantly reduced in patients with COPD when compared with the healthy control subjects (p < 0.01). Forty-eight hours postexercise, only patients with COPD had a significant increase in muscle lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) and oxidized proteins (p < 0.05), whereas increased peroxidase glutathion activity was only observed in control subjects (p < 0.05). Both increases in muscle lipid peroxidation and oxidized proteins were significantly and inversely correlated with quadriceps endurance capacity in COPD (p < 0.05). In summary, local exercise induced muscle oxidative stress in patients with COPD, whereas it failed to raise antioxidant activity. In these individuals, muscle oxidative stress was associated with a reduced quadriceps endurance.
Necrotizing infundibular crystalline folliculitis.
Authors: S. Kossard, J. Scurry, M. Killingsworth
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We describe a 22-year-old woman with a background of acne who developed multiple folliculocentric facial papules associated with sharply demarcated waxy, keratotic plugs. Multiple skin biopsies showed umbilicated craters that were filled with dispersed bundles of eosinophilic filaments embedded in a pale amorphous matrix forming a plug. The plugs bulged into the upper dermis. Serial sections showed vacuolar and filamentous destruction of the infundibular and adjacent perifollicular epithelium and a close relationship of the crystalline necrosis to follicles. Electron microscopy revealed that the filamentous bundles were tonofilaments. No fresh material was available for polarization and the paraffin sections failed to polarize. The clinical and pathological findings of the lesions in our patient were identical to those reported as a new perforating disorder with urate-like crystals. Our case indicates that the process may represent crystalline folliculocentric necrosis rather than a primary perforating disorder. The nature and basis of the crystals that have a urate-like appearance remain to be determined.
Transferase-Deficiency Galactosemia and the Duarte Variant
Authors: Won G. Ng
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the June 27, 1986, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section,<sup>1</sup>Frank K. Thorp stated that "a child heterozygous for galactosemia-Duarte has a greater level of enzyme than the heterozygous parents of a child with galactosemia, who manifest no toxic reaction to dietary galactose or lactose." He further states that restriction of dietary carbohydrates is not necessary and that there is no need to monitor the child's progress on a normal diet. The statement regarding the enzyme values in Duarte galactosemia (D/G) compound heterozygotes is incorrect. The activity for persons who are D/G-compound heterozygotes is lower than that in persons who are galactosemia normal (G/N) heterozygotes, with 20% to 25% of normal activity for D/G compared with 50% of normal activity for G/N.<sup>2</sup> We cannot agree, at this time, with his recommendation that all persons with galactosemia-Duarte compounds require no dietary treatment. It is appreciated that most,
Abstract 494: Proteolysis of pseudokinase PTK7 controls cancer cell invasion
Authors: Vladislav Golubkov, Alex Strongin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Deregulated cell motility promotes cancer progression and metastasis, a major cause of cancer patient death. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating cell motility in malignancy will facilitate an identification of novel anti-metastatic therapies. Recently, we identified a new mechanism, the proteolytic control of directional cell motility and invasion. The membrane protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) controls the orientation of cells in a tissue plane (planar cell polarity, PCP) and inhibits cancer cell invasion. The pro-invasive membrane type-1 matrix metalloprotease (MT1-MMP/MMP-14) directly cleaves PTK7 at the cell surface and reverses the inhibitory anti-invasive signal of the full-length PTK7. Thus, PTK7 proteolysis by MT1-MMP turns on cell motility and invasion. This ubiquitous mechanism is conserved in processes as diverse as embryo development and cancer cell invasion. Because both the pro-invasive MT1-MMP and the polarity regulating PTK7 are linked to cancer, the precise understanding of the role of PTK7 proteolysis in cancer progression is important to discover novel therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 494. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-494
Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement for Inoperable Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Raj R. Makkar, Gregory P. Fontana, Hasan Jilaihawi, Samir Kapadia, Augusto D. Pichard, Pamela S. Douglas, Vinod H. Thourani, Vasilis C. Babaliaros, John G. Webb, Howard C. Herrmann, Joseph E. Bavaria, Susheel Kodali, David L. Brown, Bruce Bowers, Todd M. Dewey, Lars G. Svensson, Murat Tuzcu, Jeffrey W. Moses, Matthew R. Williams, Robert J. Siegel, Jodi J. Akin, William N. Anderson, Stuart Pocock, Craig R. Smith, Martin B. Leon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) is the recommended therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are not suitable candidates for surgery. The outcomes beyond 1 year in such patients are not known.We randomly assigned patients to transfemoral TAVR or to standard therapy (which often included balloon aortic valvuloplasty). Data on 2-year outcomes were analyzed.A total of 358 patients underwent randomization at 21 centers. The rates of death at 2 years were 43.3% in the TAVR group and 68.0% in the standard-therapy group (P<0.001), and the corresponding rates of cardiac death were 31.0% and 62.4% (P<0.001). The survival advantage associated with TAVR that was seen at 1 year remained significant among patients who survived beyond the first year (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36 to 0.92; P=0.02 with the use of the log-rank test). The rate of stroke was higher after TAVR than with standard therapy (13.8% vs. 5.5%, P=0.01), owing, in the first 30 days, to the occurrence of more ischemic events in the TAVR group (6.7% vs. 1.7%, P=0.02) and, beyond 30 days, to the occurrence of more hemorrhagic strokes in the TAVR group (2.2% vs. 0.6%, P=0.16). At 2 years, the rate of rehospitalization was 35.0% in the TAVR group and 72.5% in the standard-therapy group (P<0.001). TAVR, as compared with standard therapy, was also associated with improved functional status (P<0.001). The data suggest that the mortality benefit after TAVR may be limited to patients who do not have extensive coexisting conditions. Echocardiographic analysis showed a sustained increase in aortic-valve area and a decrease in aortic-valve gradient, with no worsening of paravalvular aortic regurgitation.Among appropriately selected patients with severe aortic stenosis who were not suitable candidates for surgery, TAVR reduced the rates of death and hospitalization, with a decrease in symptoms and an improvement in valve hemodynamics that were sustained at 2 years of follow-up. The presence of extensive coexisting conditions may attenuate the survival benefit of TAVR. (Funded by Edwards Lifesciences; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00530894.).