tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient-Physician Shared Decision Making—Reply
Authors: Steven J. Katz, Sarah Hawley
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oculomotor Palsy as Initial Manifestation of Myeloma
Authors: Narayan Sundaresan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

OF THE various tumors that may cause third nerve palsy, the most common are metastatic deposits at the base of the skull, parasellar meningiomas, chromophobe adenomas, clival chordomas, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas.<sup>1</sup>Since plasmacytomas and multiple myelomas presenting initially with third nerve palsy have not, to our knowledge, been reported before, we present a case of plasmacytoma of the sphenoid sinus. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 57-year-old man noticed the sudden onset of horizontal diplopia that worsened over the next two days. This was followed by progressive drooping of the left eyelid, dull bifrontal headaches, and left retroorbital pain. Numbness over the forehead and left cheek were then noted. Initial physical examination showed no abnormal findings. Notable neurologic findings were limited to the cranial nerves. There was an exotropia of the left eye in the primary position of gaze, and diplopia most severe on horizontal gaze to the right. Some
The role of CCR5/CXCR3 expressing CD8+ cells in liver damage and viral control during persistent hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Juan-Ramón Larrubia, Miryam Calvino, Selma Benito, Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos, Cristian Perna, Jaime Pérez-Hornedo, Fernando González-Mateos, Silvia García-Garzón, Antonio Bienvenido, Trinidad Parra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Abstract 2487: A multi-kinase inhibitor, XL228, enhanced human cancer cell radiosensitivity and suppressed cell invasion and migration
Authors: Fumihiko Matsumoto, David Molkentine, Douglas O. Clary, Luka Milas, Kian K. Ang, Uma Raju
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose:, Targeting signaling pathways that are implicated in cancer cell resistance to therapy is being investigated to improve outcome. XL228 is a small molecule inhibitor of IGF-1R, cSrc, BCR/Abl and aurora kinases, which are frequently overexpressed or hyperactive in many cancer types including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and non small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). This study investigated the potential of XL228 in enhancing cancer cell sensitivity to radiation. Materials and Methods: Three HNSCC (HN-5, FaDu and UMSCC-1) and three NSCLC lines (H460, A549 and H1299) were used for this in vitro study. Cell viability assay was used to assess the single agent activity of 5-100 nM of XL228 for 1-3 d. In addition, the effects of XL228 (10 or 100 nM) on apoptosis (TUNEL assay), and cell cycle redistribution (flow cytometry), migration and invasion were evaluated. Clonogenic cell survival assayed (in HN-5, FaDu, A549 and H460) after exposing the cells to graded doses of γ-radiation, with or without XL228 (10, 50 or 100 nM) was used to quantify the effect on radiosensitivity. Results: XL228, at 5-100 nM, reduced survival of all cell lines tested by 10-70% in a dose and time dependent manner and inhibited migration and invasion of two tumors with high propensity to metastasize, FaDu and H460. At 50 and 100 nM XL228 abolished the ability of H460, A549 and FaDu cells to form colony. At 10 nM XL228 significantly increased the radiosensitivity of H460, A549 and FaDu cells by enhancement factors (EF, at the survival fraction of 0.5) of 1.52, 1.31 and 1.67 respectively. But, sensitization of HN-5 cells occurred only at 100 nM (EF = 2.27). Flow cytometry analysis showed that 10 nM of XL228 (that enhanced radiosensitivity of three cell lines) had no effect on the cell cycle distribution and it did not induce apoptosis tested at 24 h after exposure to XL228. However, in HN-5 cells 100 nM of XL228 induced accumulation of cells at the radiation sensitive G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in 32% of cells. Mechanistic studies including inhibition of DNA repair processes are ongoing. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that XL228 as a single agent reduced viability, inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of cells. In combination with radiation, XL228 enhanced HNSCC and NSCLC radiosensitivity. The underlying processes leading to enhanced radiosensitivity may be cell type specific. These data warrant in vivo investigations aiming at taking best regimens to the clinic testing. (XL228 was provided by Exelixis, Inc. South San Francisco, CA. Supported by P0-1 CA-06294) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2487. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2487
The role of surgery in the treatment of thyroid anaplastic carcinoma in the elderly
Authors: Andrea Polistena, Massimo Monacelli, Roberta Lucchini, Roberta Triola, Claudia Conti, Stefano Avenia, Fabio Rondelli, Walter Bugiantella, Ivan Barillaro, Alessandro Sanguinetti, Nicola Avenia
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Amenorrhea Associated With Carotenemia-Reply
Authors: Ekkehard Kemmann
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We would like to thank Dr Mathews-Roth for her comments, and we specifically appreciate her suggestion that raw vegetables might contain some component other than carotene that could be toxic when ingested in large quantities. Nevertheless, in the absence of precise knowledge of such a substance, serum carotene levels will have to serve as a marker to identify those patients who are on a diet consisting predominantly of raw vegetables that are carotene rich. It has been our experience with some patients that an interview alone will not identify the extent or even the habit of a vegetarian diet. Thus, we feel justified in applying the term<i>carotene associated</i>for the time being but will readily agree that this does not mean that carotene itself is the cause of the amenorrhea. We indicated this in our article and did point out that numerous variables may be present. We
Thyrotoxic Crisis and Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Donald H. Hanscom, Robert J. Ryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE coexistence of diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism has long been known1 and frequently reported. The literature indicates that approximately 1 to 2.5 per cent of patients with diabetes mellitus have thyrotoxicosis, and 1 to 3 per cent of patients with thyrotoxicosis have diabetes.2 3 4 5 Regan and Wilder5 report that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with toxic nodular goiter is 5.6 per cent and is greater than that in the general population. On the other hand, the occurrence of diabetes among patients with Graves's disease approximated the frequency of diabetes among all patients admitted to their hospital.Despite this well . . .
CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON LOCALIZED INFECTIONS
Authors: Richard V. Lamar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

Virulent pneumococci injected into the cranial or spinal cavities of monkeys produce constantly a meningitis closely resembling pneumococcus meningitis in man, except that the experimental disease pursues a more rapid course to the invariable death of the untreated animal. An homologous immune pneumococcus serum injected into the spinal canal exerts a restraining influence upon the disease to the extent that when employed early it prevented, exceptionally, the occurrence of infection and thus saved the life of the animal, and when given later it at first retarded the disease but subsequently exerted no beneficial action and was powerless to save life. A mixture of sodium oleate, immune serum, and boric acid exerted regularly a more powerful action than immune serum alone, and not only prevented the occurrence of infection but also, when administered repeatedly, arrested the progress of an actually established infection and led, often, to the enduring and perfect recovery of the inoculated animal. It is proposed to employ a similar mixture in the direct treatment of pneumococcic meningitis and possibly of still other accessible local pneumococcic infections in man.
Nobel prize is awarded to doctors who discovered <i>H pylori</i>
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The influence of α and β subunits on the properties of nicotine-induced activation and desensitization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in <i>Xenopus</i>oocytes was examined. Receptors containing α4 subunits were more sensitive to activation by nicotine than α3-containing receptors. At low concentrations of nicotine, nAChRs containing β2 subunits reached near-maximal desensitization more rapidly than β4-containing receptors. The concentration of nicotine producing half-maximal desensitization was influenced by the particular α subunit expressed; similar to results for activation, α4-containing receptors were more sensitive to desensitizing levels of nicotine than α3-containing receptors. The α subunit also influenced the rate of recovery from desensitization; this rate was approximately inversely proportional to the apparent nicotine affinity for the desensitized state. The homomeric α7 receptor showed the lowest sensitivity to nicotine for both activation and desensitization; α7 nAChRs also demonstrated the fastest desensitization kinetics. These subunit-dependent properties remained in the presence of external calcium, although subtle, receptor subtype-specific effects on both the apparent affinities for activation and desensitization and the desensitization kinetics were noted. These data imply that the subunit composition of various nAChRs determines the degree to which receptors are desensitized and/or activated by tobacco-related levels of nicotine. The subtype-specific balance between receptor activation and desensitization should be considered important when the cellular and behavioral actions of nicotine are interpreted.
Megakaryoblastic leukemia with involvement of the pleural fluid
Authors: Daniel Farray, Hytham Al‐Masri, Elise Hattersley, Scott E. Smith
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

A 45-year-old woman presented with pancytopenia, hypoxemia, and an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level.An attempt to aspirate the bone marrow was unsuccessful, yielding only a ''dry'' tap.The trephine core biopsy specimen was hypercellular, showing extensive fibrosis along with a marked increased in reticulin fibers but with relatively few immature cells.Immunohistochemical staining of this sample was positive for CD117, CD79a, and CD10 and negative for CD20, CD3, TdT, CD34, pan-keratin, and HMB-45.Because of the inability to aspirate any marrow, there was insufficient material for flow-cytometric analysis.Therefore, two additional bone marrow aspirates
Treatment of Typhoid Fever with Chloromycetin
Authors: Harvey S. Collins, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

CHLOROMYCETIN (Chloramphenicol) is a new antibiotic that, like aureomycin, has been of particular interest because it is effective when given by mouth and because its range of antimicrobial action includes not only many common pathogenic bacteria but also the rickettsias and the viruses of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma-venereum group.1 , 2 Of added interest is the fact that chloromycetin has been synthesized3 and that the fermentation and synthetic products have been shown to have the same activity.4 In a preliminary report, Woodward and his coworkers5 found that chloromycetin exerted a specific therapeutic effect in 10 patients with typhoid fever whom they treated in Malaya. . . .
Mitochondrial Apoptosis and the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor
Authors: Maria Castedo, Jean-Luc Perfettini, Guido Kroemer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Viruses mercilessly exploit their host cells to guarantee their own proliferation and propagation. To achieve this goal, many viruses suppress the apoptotic program, thereby avoiding premature death of the host cell. Indeed, apoptosis of infected cells may be considered as a pristine defense against
Is Estrogen Preferable to Surgery for Postmenopausal Women with Primary Hyperparathyroidism?
Authors: Fredric L. Coe, Murray J. Favus, Joan H. Parks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Most people can agree that primary hyperparathyroidism is not uncommon,1 especially among postmenopausal women,1 , 2 and that it is best treated with curative parathyroidectomy when complicated by renal stones, bone disease, calcium levels above 12 mg per deciliter, hypertension, or reduced renal function. Medical palliation3 is generally accepted for patients who are too frail for surgery or who reject it, and for those who have other diseases that will drastically shorten their lives. But what is best for uncomplicated hyperparathyroidism discovered in symptomless patients by routine blood screening? Do these patients need a cure? Do they benefit from medical palliation?The . . .
Moxibustion for Correction of Breech Presentation
Authors: Francesco Cardini, Huang Weixin
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Traditional Chinese medicine uses moxibustion (burning herbs to stimulate acupuncture points) of acupoint BL 67 (Zhiyin, located beside the outer corner of the fifth toenail), to promote version of fetuses in breech presentation. Its effect may be through increasing fetal activity. However, no randomized controlled trial has evaluated the efficacy of this therapy.Objective.—To evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion on acupoint BL 67 to increase fetal activity and correct breech presentation.Design.—Randomized, controlled, open clinical trial.Setting.—Outpatient departments of the Women's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, and Jiujiang Women's and Children's Hospital in the People's Republic of China.Patients.—Primigravidas in the 33rd week of gestation with normal pregnancy and an ultrasound diagnosis of breech presentation.Interventions.—The 130 subjects randomized to the intervention group received stimulation of acupoint BL 67 by moxa (Japanese term for Artemisia vulgaris) rolls for 7 days, with treatment for an additional 7 days if the fetus persisted in the breech presentation. The 130 subjects randomized to the control group received routine care but no interventions for breech presentation. Subjects with persistent breech presentation after 2 weeks of treatment could undergo external cephalic version anytime between 35 weeks' gestation and delivery.Main Outcome Measures.—Fetal movements counted by the mother during 1 hour each day for 1 week; number of cephalic presentations during the 35th week and at delivery.Results.—The intervention group experienced a mean of 48.45 fetal movements vs 35.35 in the control group (P<.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] for difference, 10.56-15.60). During the 35th week of gestation, 98 (75.4%) of 130 fetuses in the intervention group were cephalic vs 62 (47.7%) of 130 fetuses in the control group (P<.001; relative risk [RR], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.29-1.94). Despite the fact that 24 subjects in the control group and 1 subject in the intervention group underwent external cephalic version, 98 (75.4%) of the 130 fetuses in the intervention group were cephalic at birth vs 81 (62.3%) of the 130 fetuses in the control group (P=.02; RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.43).Conclusion.—Among primigravidas with breech presentation during the 33rd week of gestation, moxibustion for 1 to 2 weeks increased fetal activity during the treatment period and cephalic presentation after the treatment period and at delivery.
The Nature of Animal Colours
Authors: William Blake Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The dermatologist and others interested in pigmentation will find the study of this fascinating book a rewarding experience. The authors provide a very readable new survey of coloration as seen in and on animals from lowly forms to man. The 12 chapters cover structural colors, melanin, sclerotin, ommochromes, Tyrian purple, carotenoids, hemoglobin, chlorocruorin, hemochromogens, porphyrins, bilins, hemocyanin, hemerythrin, and hemovanadin, quinone pigments, guanine, pterins, and flavins, with a chapter of miscellany and one of laboratory work included to stimulate the student. There is an appendix, "Synopsis of Animal Colours," classified by hue, as well as a final bibilography of 612 entries relating to the important literature. The chemistry involved and structural formulae given are adequate for the presentation but do not require a detailed knowledge of biochemistry. The many entertaining pieces of information carry the reader through the explored realm of pigmentation, but the authors have also indicated the many
The Tobacco Settlement
Authors: D A Kessler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The fate of the proposed tobacco settlement and, in turn, the health and longevity of generations of Americans now lie in the hands of the Congress. The settlement is the product of intense negotiations among 40 state attorneys general, a coalition of trial lawyers, and the tobacco industry itself. Under the current provisions of the settlement, the tobacco industry would be required to pay $368.5 billion to reimburse the various states for the cost of providing health care services to people with tobacco-related diseases. The industry would then be allowed to recover that reimbursement through raising the price of cigarettes . . .
VACCINATION AGAINST WHOOPING COUGH
Authors: THORVALD MADSEN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

As vaccination against whooping cough is still much discussed, the following observations might perhaps be of some interest. The vaccine used in the State Serum Institute in Copenhagen is always made from several recently cultivated strains of Bordet-Gengou bacilli; forty-eight hour blood agar cultures are emulsified in physiologic solution of sodium chloride containing 1 per cent solution of formaldehyde, so that the suspension contains about 10.000 millions of bacilli per cubic centimeter. The vaccine is given in three injections intramuscularly or subcutaneously with intervals of from three to four days: 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 cc. This dosage is greater than that usually employed. As generally maintained, one of the advantages of whooping cough vaccination is the absence usually of severe reactions following the injections, although it would seem correct to call attention to two deaths that have occurred in Denmark. In both cases, the children concerned were new-born in families
Adverse reactions to acetylcysteine and effects of overdose.
Authors: T G Mant, J H Tempowski, G N Volans, J C Talbot
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Since the introduction in 1979 of intravenous acetylcysteine (Parvolex) as an antidote for overdosage of paracetamol the National Poisons Information Service and the manufacturer have been notified of 38 adverse reactions that were anaphylactoid in nature and 19 accidental overdoses. The most common feature of the anaphylactoid reaction to normal dosage was rash; other features reported included angioedema, hypotension, and bronchospasm; all the patients recovered. The features associated with an overdose of acetylcysteine were similar but more severe; two patients died, but the extent to which the overdose of acetylcysteine may have been implicated was not clear in either case.
Human T cell response to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg). Endosomal and nonendosomal processing pathways are accessible to both endogenous and exogenous antigen.
Authors: Y Jin, W K Shih, I Berkower
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

We have studied the antigen specificity and processing requirements of three vaccine-induced cloned human T cell lines specific for HBsAg, the envelope protein of hepatitis B virus. Each T cell line recognized endogenously expressed antigen as well as exogenous antigen. Two clones required endosomal processing, both for exogenous and endogenous antigen; while the other T cell line depended on nonendosomal processing to generate antigenic peptides from both endogenous and exogenous antigen. Thus, the two processing pathways are accessible to exogenous and endogenous antigen. These results suggest that vaccine-induced T cells can participate actively in the immune response to live virus.
Stevens' cure: a secret remedy
Authors: S W B Newsom
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

At the outset of the twentieth century the British Medical Association began a campaign against the sale of ‘patent medicines’. Some of these were innocuous tonics or cold cures such as Beecham's pills, but others claimed to cure the incurable including consumption and cancer. The BMA commissioned a chemist to analyse the medicines and cost the ingredients. His results were published in a BMJ series called ‘Secret remedies’. The first articles appeared in 1907, and were such a success that they were reprinted as a book of the same name (Figure 1) in 19091. In editorials the BMJ subsequently noted with annoyance that press reaction had been mixed. The Daily Telegraph and the Manchester Guardian had accepted advertisements, but the Express, Star, Graphic and News of the World had not (and had refused to review the book). A few weeks later the BMA recorded that, despite this ‘conspiracy of silence’, sales were mounting. Altogether 150 000 copies of the book were sold in the UK and the Empire. In 1910-1914 further analyses were published in the BMJ, and More Secret Remedies was published in 1912. The emphasis of the campaign changed and, together with the pharmacists, the BMA successfully lobbied the Government to investigate the matter: a Select Committee on Patent Medicines was set up the same year.



Figure 1

Secret Remedies (1909)



Singled out both in Secret Remedies and in the BMJ articles was ‘Stevens' Consumption Cure’, which was being advertised with a money-back offer: ‘I do not say consumption is curable, but I say if you are consumptive I will guarantee to cure you or return your money in full’. According to the manufacturer the formula was 80 grains of umckaloabo root with 13½ grains of chichitse per ounce prepared according to British Pharmacopoeia methods. According to the BMA's chemist,


‘The medicine was a clear red liquid and analysis showed it to contain in 100 fluid parts, 23.1 alcohol, 1.8 glycerine, and 4 parts solids; about 1 part of tannin and 0.2 part ash. The solid substance agreed in all respects with the solids of decoction of krameria, or a mixture of this decoction with a little kino. The formula thus seems to be: Rectified spirit of wine... 23.7 parts, glycerine 1.8 parts, decoction of krameria (1 in 3) to 100 parts. Or it may be made with a tincture of krameria... estimated cost for 2 fl oz—1½ d’.


Krameria or rhatany root is an astringent still used in herbal and homeopathic remedies.