tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trial Registration at ClinicalTrials.gov between May and October 2005
Authors: Deborah A. Zarin, Tony Tse, Nicholas C. Ide
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Clinical trial registration allows interested parties to obtain information about ongoing and completed trials, but there are few data indicating the quality of the information provided during the registration process. We used information in the publicly available ClinicalTrials.gov database to describe patterns of trial registration before and after the implementation by journal editors of a new policy requiring registration as a prerequisite for publication.We reviewed ClinicalTrials.gov records to determine patterns of completion of the "Intervention Name" and "Primary Outcome Measure" data fields for trials registered on May 20 and October 11, 2005, and for trials registered during the interval between these two dates, inclusively.During the interval studied, the number of registrations in ClinicalTrials.gov increased by 73 percent from 13,153 to 22,714. The percentage of interventional trials registered by industry with nonspecific Intervention Name entries (attributable to four drug companies) decreased from 10 percent to 2 percent; all other industry and nonindustry records contained specific entries in this field. Of the 2670 studies registered by industry between the two dates, 76 percent provided information in the Primary Outcome Measure field, although these entries varied markedly in their degree of specificity. In the remaining 24 percent of the records, this field was blank.During the summer of 2005, there were large increases in the number of clinical trial registrations. Overall, the data contained in records were more complete in October than they were in May, but there still is room for substantial improvement.
The Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Peter C. Avgerinos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 June 1995The Cushing SyndromePeter C. Avgerinos and Gordon B. Cutler Jr.Peter C. AvgerinosSearch for more papers by this author and Gordon B. Cutler Jr.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-12-199506150-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his editorial, Orth [1] raises several concerns about our paper [2]. He criticizes our use of cut-off criteria that maintain 100% test specificity. From a clinical standpoint, the rationale for achieving a specificity of nearly 100% is to avoid misclassifying cases of ectopic adrenocorticortropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome as Cushing disease, an error that would lead to inappropriate pituitary surgery.Second, Dr. Orth suggests that restricting the study to patients whose 24-hour urine collections varied no more than 10% might have yielded different cut-off criteria and different study results. We have reanalyzed the study using coefficients of ...References1. Orth DN. The Cushing syndrome: quest for the Holy Grail (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:377-78. Google Scholar2. Avgerinos PC, Yanovski JA, Oldfield EH, Nieman LK, Cutler GB Jr. The metyrapone test and the dexamethasone suppression tests for the differential diagnosis of the adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing syndrome: a comparison. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:318-27. Google Scholar3. Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, Chrousos GP, Miller DL, Katz DA, et al. Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325:897-905. Google Scholar4. Yanovski JA, Cutler GB Jr. Pitfalls in the use of inferior petrosal sinus sampling for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. The Endocrinologist. 1994; 4:245-51. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCategory Norms as a Function of Culture and Age: Comparisons of Item Responses to 105 Categories by American and Chinese Adults. 15 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 12Page: 959-960KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneBlood plasmaCellsCortisolCreatinineHormonesProlactinSpecificitySurgeryUrine Issue Published: 15 June 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of endothelin-1 on neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and perfused heart.
Authors: A López Farré, A Riesco, G Espinosa, E Digiuni, M R Cernadas, V Alvarez, M Montón, F Rivas, M J Gallego, J Egido
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Based on recent evidence showing that endothelin-1 stimulates several activation mechanisms on neutrophils, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of endothelin-1 on neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and neutrophil accumulation in the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS The experiments included (1) adhesion of 51Cr-labeled human neutrophils to bovine endothelial cells in culture both in the presence and absence of monoclonal antibodies against the alpha- and beta-subunits of integrins; (2) surface expression of the alpha- and beta-integrin antigens; (3) accumulation of 51Cr-labeled neutrophils on the isolated perfused rabbit heart; (4) in vivo accumulation of autologous neutrophils in the heart, as assessed by myeloperoxidase activity. Endothelin-1 stimulated neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells (increase of 1 x 10(5) +/- 1 x 10(4) neutrophils per well). The endothelin-1-induced adhesion was blocked (83 +/- 6%) by the anti-CD18 antibody TS1/18 and by several anti-alpha-subunit antibodies. The expression of CD18 and CD11b on the neutrophil surface was also increased by endothelin-1. Endothelin-1 enhanced neutrophil accumulation in the isolated rabbit heart by 4.2 times throughout a TS1/18-inhibitable mechanism. Myeloperoxidase activity increased by 4.2 times in hearts infused in vivo with endothelin-1. CONCLUSIONS Endothelin-1 stimulates neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells by an effect on the expression of adhesive molecules on the neutrophil surface. Endothelin-1 stimulates neutrophil accumulation in vivo and in vitro in the heart. Antibodies against the integrin complex block the endothelin-1-dependent neutrophil adhesion. These findings have potential importance in the pathophysiology of endothelin-1-increased states.
A Critical Role for Neurofascin in Regulating Action Potential Initiation through Maintenance of the Axon Initial Segment
Authors: Barbara Zonta, Anne Desmazieres, Arianna Rinaldi, Steven Tait, Diane L. Sherman, Matthew F. Nolan, Peter J. Brophy
Journal: Neuron (2011)

The axon initial segment (AIS) is critical for the initiation and propagation of action potentials. Assembly of the AIS requires interactions between scaffolding molecules and voltage-gated sodium channels, but the molecular mechanisms that stabilize the AIS are poorly understood. The neuronal isoform of Neurofascin, Nfasc186, clusters voltage-gated sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier in myelinated nerves: here, we investigate its role in AIS assembly and stabilization. Inactivation of the Nfasc gene in cerebellar Purkinje cells of adult mice causes rapid loss of Nfasc186 from the AIS but not from nodes of Ranvier. This causes AIS disintegration, impairment of motor learning and the abolition of the spontaneous tonic discharge typical of Purkinje cells. Nevertheless, action potentials with a modified waveform can still be evoked and basic motor abilities remain intact. We propose that Nfasc186 optimizes communication between mature neurons by anchoring the key elements of the adult AIS complex.
Rosiglitazone or pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes?
Authors: C. S d. Vries, D. L Russell-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Longer term safety data are needed before a change in practice is warranted

The management of diabetes aims to control blood glucose concentrations and lower cardiovascular risk, thus limiting macrovascular and microvascular complications. Despite concerns about using thiazolidinediones in people with heart failure, these drugs remain at the centre of most prescribing algorithms for type 2 diabetes, including those recently published by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.1 In the linked cohort study (doi:10.1136/bmj.b2942), Juurlink and colleagues compare the risk of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.2 Long term trials show that thiazolidinediones increase insulin sensitivity, lower glycated haemoglobin, and delay the progression of disease as measured by treatment failure with monotherapy.3 Both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone (the only thiazolidinediones currently on the market) have favourable effects on the cardiovascular risk profile over and above those achieved through glycaemic control alone.4 In addition, thiazolidinediones may have a place in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,5 and they may prevent progression from the metabolic syndrome to diabetes.6 However, various studies …
Fetal Skin Biopsy
Authors: Hideo Sato
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article on amniocentesis (<b>204</b>:949, 1968), Creasman and associates noted that healing of fetal skin injuries due to amniocentesis might be rapid and complete. We would like to describe the procedures of fetal skin biopsy which may serve as a tool for prenatal detection of congenital defects. The pregnant woman lies supine. Guided by palpation and fixation of the fetus with assistant's hands, the Vim-Silverman biopsy needle with the obturator is introduced through the abdominal and uterine walls on the median line between symphysis and navel. When the needle is advanced slightly into the fetal tissue, the obturator is replaced with the inner split needle. Several pieces of fetal skin (about 1 mmX2 mm in size) are obtained by repeated splitting with the inner needle. So far this procedure has been tried for eight women who were in the second or third trimester of pregnancy
Skeletal Scintigraphy of Possible Os Calcaneus Secundarius
Authors: JAN STAUSS, LEONARD P. CONNOLLY, JEANNETTE PEREZ-ROSSELLO, S. TED TREVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

STAUSS, JAN; CONNOLLY, LEONARD P. M.D.; PEREZ-ROSSELLO, JEANNETTE M.D.; TREVES, S. TED M.D. Author Information
PWE-020 Do Seasonal Trends in Positivity Exist with the Guaiac-Based Faecal Occult Blood Test?
Authors: H E Seaman, P Butler, J M Snowball, S P Halloran
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Several bowel cancer screening programmes, including the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in England, use a guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBt). Seasonal variations in gFOBt positivity have been reported, with lower positivity in the warmer spring and summer months compared with autumn and winter. As more population-based bowel cancer screening programmes are being planned and implemented worldwide, it is important to highlight the factors that could affect the performance of faecal occult blood tests. <h3>Methods</h3> Men and women aged 60–69 years are eligible for biennial routine bowel cancer screening by the BCSP. The gFOBt card comprises six windows (or ‘spots’) onto which the screening participant is asked to apply two samples from three separate stools. Test cards are returned to one of five BCSP Hubs where each spot is tested to determine ‘spot positivity’. The number of positive spots determines test positivity: 5–6 positive spots = positive test and immediate referral for colonoscopy; 1–4 positive spots = weak positive and re-test. Ultimately, a definitive test result is achieved for each screening episode, according to a well-defined test/re-test algorithm. Data from the Bowel Cancer Screening System (BCSS) for the BCSP Southern Hub for April 2008 to March 2012 were analysed and gFOBt spot positivity patterns assessed by month, stratified by age and sex. Analysis was limited to the first (prevalent) screening episode for all individuals. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 7,765,282 spots were analysed (nearly 1.3 million kits). As expected, throughout the study period, gFOBt spot positivity for men (2.6%) was consistently higher than for women (1.7%) and increased with age. Any variations in seasonal positivity were similar for men and women and all ages. The pattern of spot positivity by month was not consistent year on year and there was no clear evidence that spot positivity was different in the spring/summer months compared with autumn/winter. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Seasonal variation did not appear to account for the fluctuations in spot positivity observed. We conducted a sub-group analysis restricted to 60 year-olds to explore the possibility that changes in the demographics of participants over time might affect the positivity patterns, but the data yielded similar inconsistencies. It is unlikely that operational factors account for the fluctuations as the BCSP ensures rigorous monitoring of test kit batches and quality control in the laboratories. More work is required to explore these data further in search of an explanation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Natural antibody to procainamide and procainamide-induced systematic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: A S Russel, M Ziff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

This contrasted significantly (P< 0-01) with a mean rise in the placebo group of 2,000 cells/c.mm.(S.D.+2,100).There was no important overall difference in the haemoglobin, the platelets, the E.S.R., the titre ofthe latex tests, the strength of grip, or the blood pressures between the two groups.* Pronestyl.
P1-08-13: Determinants of Risk, Characteristics and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Occurring after Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Authors: E Rapiti, N Veit-Rubin, M Usel, S Benhamou, G Vlastos, Hung V Vinh, C Bouchardy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Several studies have evaluated the excess of breast cancer (BC) risk after Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) but none has reported of all the aspects of BC occurring after HL including determinants of risk, comparison with other BC profile, treatment and outcome. This is the aim of our study. Patients and Methods We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Programme of the National Cancer Institute. To assess the risk and determinants of BC after HL we included all 9'620 women with first primary HL diagnosed between 1973 and 2007 and calculated age and period standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of BC as compared with general population. We also compared tumour characteristics and treatment between BC after HL (n= 316) vs. all other first primary BC occurring during the same period (n=450'413) by logistic regression. Finally, we compared breast cancer specific mortality between the two groups by Cox model. Results Overall, HL patients had an increased risk of developing BC (SIR: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2−2.7); the risk decreased with increasing age at HL, and disappeared when HL occurred after 50 years. BC risk was the same among those treated with or without radiotherapy until 15 years after HL and then an excess appeared in the irradiated group and persisted over 30 years after diagnosis of HL. Compared with other BC, BC after HL occurred at younger age (Adjusted odds ratio [OR] for age 40–59 vs. &amp;lt; 40 years 0.25, 95% CI: 0.20−0.33), was diagnosed at an early stage (OR for regional extension vs. localized 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42−0.89), expressed less frequently hormone receptors (OR for negative vs. positive status: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.99−1.81), was located more frequently in external quadrants (OR for internal vs. external: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42−0.89), and received less frequently radiotherapy (OR for use vs. non use: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.22-042). The last two results were limited to patients who had received radiotherapy for HL. BC after HL presented higher breast cancer mortality (Hazard ratio: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.05−1.76) after adjustment for patients, tumour and treatment characteristics. Conclusion: This study provides valuable results on various aspects of BC occurring after HL. In particular, we found earlier stage at diagnosis of BC probably linked to higher surveillance, more aggressive tumours probably due to iatrogenic effect of HL treatment, more frequent occurrence in outer quadrants less protected during mantel radiation. Also, this study confirms the poorer prognostic of those BC not explained by differences in patient, tumour or treatment characteristics. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-13.
A Study of Intercurrent Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Bulbospinal Poliomyelitis
Authors: John B. Livingstone, Frank K. Austen, Lawrence J. Kunz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE two major causes of death in our experience with bulbospinal poliomyelitis were circulatory collapse1 and pulmonary infection. A consideration of bacterial respiratory infection is the subject of this report. This complication is particularly prominent in patients with bulbar disease of such severity that a tracheostomy is required to facilitate the removal of secretions. In an effort to cope more effectively with the problem of pulmonary infection, a study of the bacterial flora in the trachea after tracheostomy was conducted.Material and MethodsMore than 400 patients with poliomyelitis were hospitalized at the Massachusetts General Hospital during the 1955 epidemic. . . .
88 PARTICULAR IN VITRO ANTI-HCV ACTIVITIES AND RESISTANCE PROFILE OF THE CYCLOPHILIN INHIBITOR DEBIO 025
Authors: L. Coelmont, P. Gallay, M. Bobardt, S. Kaptein, J. Paeshuyse, I. Vliegen, G. Vuagniaux, J. Neyts
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Peptide growth factors can provoke "fetal" contractile protein gene expression in rat cardiac myocytes.
Authors: T G Parker, S E Packer, M D Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Cardiac-specific gene expression is intricately regulated in response to developmental, hormonal, and hemodynamic stimuli. To test whether cardiac muscle might be a target for regulation by peptide growth factors, the effect of three growth factors on the actin and myosin gene families was investigated by Northern blot analysis in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1, 1 ng/ml) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF, 25 ng/ml) elicited changes corresponding to those induced by hemodynamic load. The "fetal" beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC) was up-regulated about four-fold, whereas the "adult" alpha MHC was inhibited greater than 50-60%; expression of alpha-skeletal actin increased approximately two-fold, with little or no change in alpha-cardiac actin. Thus, peptide growth factors alter the program of differentiated gene expression in cardiac myocytes, and are sufficient to provoke fetal contractile protein gene expression, characteristic of pressure-overload hypertrophy. Acidic FGF (25 ng/ml) produced seven- to eightfold reciprocal changes in MHC expression but, unlike either TGF-beta 1 or basic FGF, inhibited both striated alpha-actin genes by 70-90%. Expression of vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin, the earliest alpha-actin induced during cardiac myogenesis, was increased by all three growth factors. Thus, three alpha-actin genes demonstrate distinct responses to acidic vs. basic FGF.
BENJAMIN RUSH, M.D., PATRIOT AND PHYSICIAN.An Address to the Graduates of the Class of 1892. of the Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery, Detroit.
Authors: HAL C. WYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<i>Ladies mid Gentlemen:</i>—It is the custom of the Faculty of this College to appoint one of its members to deliver an annual address. That office has fallen to me. In casting.about for a subject, it occurred to me that a useful lesson might be learned from the history of our country. I know that I am expected to advise you how to make your work in life successful. It is easy to give advice. That great convulsion in political affairs which gave to the world the Government of the United States brought many men into prominence whose names are now household words. Washington, Franklin, Adams, and others not necessary to mention, will live in the minds of the American people as long as American institutions endure. Not a State in this great Republic but has its counties named in honor of some of these men; not a county but has
The Long Habit
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

WE continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it; it is an indelicacy, like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days. Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 million volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking . . .
Linkage of Autosomal Dominant Hearing Loss to the Short Arm of Chromosome 1 in Two Families
Authors: Paul Coucke, Guy Van Camp, Bulantrisna Djoyodiharjo, Shelley D. Smith, Rune R. Frants, Georges W. Padberg, John K. Darby, Egbert H. Huizing, Cor W R J Cremers, William J. Kimberling, Ben A. Oostra, Paul H. Van De Heyning, Patrick J. Willems
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

At least half of the cases of profound deafness of early onset are caused by genetic factors, but few of the genetic defects have been identified. This is particularly true of the most common hereditary forms of deafness, which occur in the absence of any associated syndrome.
858 UNIVERSAL HEPATOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION PROTOCOL FOR MULTIPOTENT ADULT PROGENITOR CELLS, EMBRYONIC AND INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS
Authors: P. Roelandt, P. Sancho-Bru, K. Pauwelyn, K. Subramanian, B. Bose, T. Shimizu, K. Vanuytsel, W.-S. Hu, F. Nevens, C. Verfaillie
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Minimum required resolution standard required for analysis of mucosal microvascular architecture at magnification endoscopy
Authors: K. Yao, G. Anagnostopolus, S. Sou, T. Nagahama, A. Iwashita, T. Matsui
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

We read with great interest the article written by Dr. Ohashi et al. [1]. They described how measurement of the calibre of microvessels can be used for distinguishing gastric cancer from benign lesions using image analysis. This quantitative analysis seems to be important for establishing the scientific methodology necessary for gastrointestinal endoscopy.
IL36RN mutations define a severe autoinflammatory phenotype of generalized pustular psoriasis
Authors: Safia Hussain, Dorottya M. Berki, Siew-Eng Choon, A. David Burden, Michael H. Allen, Juan I. Arostegui, Antonio Chaves, Michael Duckworth, Alan D. Irvine, Maja Mockenhaupt, Alexander A. Navarini, Marieke M.B. Seyger, Pere Soler-Palacin, Christa Prins, Laurence Valeyrie-Allanore, M. Asuncion Vicente, Richard C. Trembath, Catherine H. Smith, Jonathan N. Barker, Francesca Capon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)