tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
769. Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with Non-Viral Vectors: Sustained and Substrate-Mediated Delivery
Authors: Jae-Hyung Jang, Christopher B. Rives, Zain Bengali, Lonnie D. Shea
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The combination of gene therapy, biomaterials, and tissue engineering has the potential to direct progenitor cell development into functional tissues. A central component to many tissue engineering approaches is a polymer scaffold, which provides physical support for cell adhesion and migration, and organizes tissue formation. Gene delivery from the scaffold can localize expression of tissue inductive factors to promote the development of functional tissue. We present two mechanisms for scaffold-mediated gene transfer, which are categorized as: i) sustained release and ii) substrate-mediated delivery. Sustained release can protect DNA from clearance or degradation, and maintain elevated concentrations locally, which may extend transgene expression. Substrate-mediated delivery involves the immobilization of DNA complexes to a biomaterial and can lead to high levels of transfection because the surface-bound DNA can be delivered directly to cells that attach to the scaffold.
Abstract 1926: Adoptive γδ T cell transfer therapy for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kazuhiro Kakimi, Tomohiro Murakawa, Takeshi Fukami, Shigenori Goto, Toru Kaneko, Yukihiro Yoshida, Shin-ichi Takamoto, Jun Nakajima
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Human peripheral blood γδ T cells can recognize and kill tumor cells by their Vγ9Vδ2 T cell receptor and/or NKG2D. We have established large-scale ex vivo expansion of γδ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by zoledronate and IL-2. A clinical study of adoptive γδ T cell transfer therapy has been conducted for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to evaluate the safety profile and potential anti-tumor effects of γδ T cells. Prior to beginning the study, it was registered on a University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR : http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm) on March 1, 2006 (UMIN ID: C00000036). PBMC were isolated from 67.5 ml of peripheral blood and stimulated with zoledronateand IL-2 for 14 days to obtain γδ T cells. The cultured cells on day 14 consisted mostly of γδ T cells. The predominant populations in fresh peripheral blood were cells with the CD45RA−CD27+ memory phenotype or a CD45RA+CD27− naïve phenotype. In contrast, most γδ T cells were shown to have the CD45RA−CD27− effector memory phenotype after 14 days culture. They expressed NKG2D and up-regulated the expression of activation marker CD69, and had cytotoxicity against allogeneic tumor cell lines. Upon stimulation, γδ T cells produced IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Though certain patients were refractory to zoledronate stimulation, γδ T cells from patients demonstrated comparable cytotoxic effector activity once they were successfully expanded. Cultured cells were intravenously administered every 2 weeks for 6 injections. Fifteen patients who were resistant to current standard therapy were enrolled this study. The treatment was well tolerated and no severe adverse events related to γδ T cell therapy were observed. Two patients came off the study at the early stage of the treatment due to the aspiration pneumonia (grade 3) and radiation pneumonitis (grade3). The responses according to RECIST guideline were SD for 7 patients, PD for 6 patients and 2 inevaluable for response due to early drop off the study (The disease control rate was 46.7 %). Transferred γδ T cells gradually accumulated in peripheral blood in patients who received more than 1×109 γδ T cells per injection and accounted for 10 % of PBMC even 2 weeks after the final injection. When PBMC were stimulated with PMA/ionomycin or zoledronate-pulsed Daudi cells, IFN-γ production and surface expression of CD107 were detected on γδ T cells, suggesting that transferred γδ T cells sustained their effector function in vivo. These results indicated that γδ T cell therapy was well tolerated and feasible for the treatment of NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1926.
Some Observations on the Pathogenesis of Bartter's Syndrome
Authors: Robert S. Modlinger, Giorgio L. Nicolis, Lawrence R. Krakoff, J. Lester Gabrilove
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

ALTHOUGH the association of hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemic alkalosis and resistance to the pressor effect of angiotensin in Bartter's syndrome is well recognized,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 there is no agreement concerning the primary event leading to this combination of abnormalities. In the patient described below, an attempt was made to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disorder.Case ReportA 35-year-old man, born on April 27, 1937, had tetany, weakness, frequent vomiting and general malaise from infancy until the age of 17 years, when his health improved and his weight began to increase. Aside from polyuria and occasional muscle cramps since childhood and attacks of . . .
Contact Dermatitis Due to 1-Chloroacetophenone and Chemical Mace
Authors: Neal S. Penneys, Ronald M. Israel, Sidney M. Indgin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

In two cases allergic contact dermatitis to 1-chloroacetophenone, the active ingredient in Chemical Mace, occurred, and in two others allergic contact sensitivity to this compound was inadvertently acquired. In addition, eight volunteers were exposed to a known amount of 1-chloroacetophenone; in five of these subjects allergic contact sensitivity developed. All sensitive subjects also had positive patch tests to the similar compound 1–1-dichloroacetophenone but were patch-test negative to other related compounds. The effects of removal of 1-chloroacetophenone from the skin of sensitized persons at varying times after application showed that an allergic dermatitis developed unless the substance was removed within one minute. Because 1-chloroacetophenone is a potent sensitizer and is in wide use, additional cases of contact dermatitis can be anticipated.
The phylogenetic position of Rhopalura ophiocomae (Orthonectida) based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis
Authors: B. Hanelt, D. Van Schyndel, C. M. Adema, L. A. Lewis, E. S. Loker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

The Orthonectida is a small, poorly known phylum of parasites of marine invertebrates. Their phylogenetic placement is obscure; they have been considered to be multicellular protozoans, primitive animals at a "mesozoan" grade of organization, or secondarily simplified flatworm-like organisms. The best known species in the phylum, Rhopalura ophiocomae, was collected on San Juan Island, Wash. and a complete 18S rDNA sequence was obtained. Using the models of minimum evolution and parsimony, phylogenetic analyses were undertaken and the results lend support to the following hypotheses about orthonectids: (1) orthonectids are more closely aligned with triploblastic metazoan taxa than with the protist or diploblastic metazoan taxa considered in this analysis; (2) orthonectids are not derived members of the phylum Platyhelminthes; and (3) orthonectids and rhombozoans are not each other's closest relatives, thus casting further doubt on the validity of the phylum Mesozoa previously used to encompass both groups.
Fluconazole vs. Flucytosine in the Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis in AIDS Patients: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: G. Barbaro, G. Barbarini, G. Di Lorenzo
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Contrasting opinions exist as to the pharmacological treatment of esophageal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the role, therapeutic efficacy, and the cost-benefit ratio of two antifungal drugs, fluconazole and flucytosine, compared with a placebo, in the treatment of endoscopically-diagnosed esophageal candidiasis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).The study included 60 HIV-positive patients (38 males and 22 females, mean age 27 +/- 2) with a first episode of esophageal candidiasis diagnosed by endoscopy (grades I-II of Kodsi's endoscopic classification, and grades I-IIa of Barbaro's clinical classification). No other opportunistic infection of the esophagus was detected. In a double-blind procedure, patients were randomized into three groups of 20 patients each, receiving either fluconazole (3 mg/kg/daily per os), flucytosine (100 mg/kg/daily per os) or placebo. After two weeks of treatment, the patients previously assigned to receive the placebo were double-blindly randomized to receive fluconazole (eight patients) or flucytosine (nine patients). In order to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological therapy, clinical examination was performed at weeks 2 and 5, and then every week up to the end of follow-up (three months); endoscopic examination was performed at weeks 2 and 5, and at the end of follow-up.At week 2, endoscopic cure (grade 0) was observed in 13 patients (65%) of the fluconazole group and in three patients (15%) in the flucytosine group (relative risk ratio: 0.23; 95% C.I.: 0.10-0.48; p < 0.05), and a partial endoscopic response (grade I) was observed in two patients (10%) in the placebo group. Complete clinical remission (grade 0) was observed in 16 patients (80%) in the fluconazole group and 12 patients (60%) in the flucytosine group (relative risk ratio: 0.75; 95% C.I.: 0.42-0.89; p = n.s.), while six patients (30%) in the placebo group presented partial clinical remission (grade I). At the end of follow-up, endoscopic cure was observed in 19 patients (70%) in the fluconazole group and in nine patients (33%) in the flucytosine group (relative risk ratio: 0.47; 95% C.I.: 0.19-0.65; p < 0.05). Complete clinical remission was observed in 21 patients (77.7%) in the fluconazole group and in 17 patients (63%) in the flucytosine group (relative risk ratio: 0.81; 95% C.I.: 0.53-0.92; p = n.s.). No noticeable side-effects were observed in the patients in either treatment group, without a statistically significant difference in comparison with the placebo.The results of this study have demonstrated that both fluconazole and flucytosine are safe and well tolerated in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. Fluconazole showed greater therapeutic efficacy than flucytosine, with a difference that was statistically significant in terms of the rate of endoscopic cure.
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: Predisposition to Bronchial Disease
Authors: JOHN O. BEAHRS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare disease characterized by deficient sweating, sparse hair growth, and deficient teeth. In a family with typical manifestations in three generations, the propositus and his affected brother, both of whom have an occupational exposure to dust, have bronchitis that is especially severe in the propositus. Other relatives with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia are not similarly affected. In this disease the bronchial mucosa may be abnormal and may result in severe bronchitis in a dusty environment.
OPTIMAL THERAPEUTIC REGIMEN FOR RAPID CORRECTION OF ANEMIA DUE TO IRON DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Elisavet Kaldara, John Terrovitis, Eleni Tseliou, George Alexopoulos, Vanessa Kontopidi, Zafiria Margari, Argirios Ntalianis, Lampros Katsaros, Charis Matsouka, Maria Anastasiou-Nana, John N. Nanas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Helicobacter pylori and early gastric cancer.
Authors: M E Craanen, P Blok, W Dekker, G N Tytgat
Journal: Gut (1994)

The relation between Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia, and early gastric cancer was studied by examining gastrectomy specimens from 31 intestinal type and 22 diffuse type carcinomas. A total of 298 patients with antral gastritis were used as controls. Atrophic changes and intestinal metaplasia were significantly more common in intestinal type early gastric cancer compared with diffuse type early gastric cancer (p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). H pylori was found in 61.3% of intestinal type early gastric cancer and in 54.5% of diffuse type early gastric cancer (NS). The age adjusted prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in the patients with antral gastritis was higher in H pylori positive patients in all age groups studied. Comparing gastritis patients with patients with intestinal type early gastric cancer showed the age adjusted prevalence of intestinal metaplasia to be significantly higher in the patients with early gastric cancer in all age groups studied. In conclusion, H pylori is associated with both types of early gastric carcinoma. Intestinal metaplasia formation seems to be a multifactorial process in which H pylori may play a part. These findings suggest that gastric cancer may be included in the spectrum of H pylori associated diseases, although many questions about causality remain to be answered.
NO signaling and S-nitrosylation regulate PTEN inhibition in neurodegeneration
Authors: Young-Don Kwak, Tao Ma, Shiyong Diao, Xue Zhang, Yaomin Chen, Janet Hsu, Stuart A Lipton, Eliezer Masliah, Huaxi Xu, Francesca-Fang Liao
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2010)

The phosphatase PTEN governs the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway which is arguably the most important pro-survival pathway in neurons. Recently, PTEN has also been implicated in multiple important CNS functions such as neuronal differentiation, plasticity, injury and drug addiction. It has been reported that loss of PTEN protein, accompanied by Akt activation, occurs under excitotoxic conditions (stroke) as well as in Alzheimer's (AD) brains. However the molecular signals and mechanism underlying PTEN loss are unknown.In this study, we investigated redox regulation of PTEN, namely S-nitrosylation, a covalent modification of cysteine residues by nitric oxide (NO), and H2O2-mediated oxidation. We found that S-nitrosylation of PTEN was markedly elevated in brains in the early stages of AD (MCI). Surprisingly, there was no increase in the H2O2-mediated oxidation of PTEN, a modification common in cancer cell types, in the MCI/AD brains as compared to normal aged control. Using several cultured neuronal models, we further demonstrate that S-nitrosylation, in conjunction with NO-mediated enhanced ubiquitination, regulates both the lipid phosphatase activity and protein stability of PTEN. S-nitrosylation and oxidation occur on overlapping and distinct Cys residues of PTEN. The NO signal induces PTEN protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) through NEDD4-1-mediated ubiquitination.This study demonstrates for the first time that NO-mediated redox regulation is the mechanism of PTEN protein degradation, which is distinguished from the H2O2-mediated PTEN oxidation, known to only inactivate the enzyme. This novel regulatory mechanism likely accounts for the PTEN loss observed in neurodegeneration such as in AD, in which NO plays a critical pathophysiological role.
Working Men and Ganja: Marihuana Use in Rural Jamaica
Authors: Sidney Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This volume reports on the use of ganja (marijuana) in three laborerfarmer villages in Jamaica. Although illegal, the practice of smoking ganja, usually with tobacco, is widespread, particularly among the lower socioeconomic group members. Ganja cultivation, distribution, sale, and use comprise an integrated activity in these rural areas. Ganja "breaks" are customary during harvest time, and productivity, if not enhanced, is at least no worse than among nonsmokers. The author believes that ganja serves a culturalsocial function, encouraging cooperation and friendships, reducing potential violence, and fostering group cohesiveness. Fortunately, the author does not attempt to transpose the customs and values of rural Jamaica into North American metropolitan areas. She does not believe that any conclusions arrived at in a study of poor Jamaicans can be indiscriminately applied to other cultures and settings. It is reasonable to believe that repetitious, boring labor like ditch digging or sugar cane cutting can be
THE MEDICAL SECTION OF THE ADVISORY COMMISSION STILL BROADENING ITS FUNCTIONS
Authors: William Allen Pusey
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —According to the lay press, the chairman of the Medical Section of the Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense has rushed in with the members of his Volunteer Medical Service Corps to take a hand in, if not to take charge of, the outbreak of influenza in the country. In Illinois, and I suppose in other states, he telegraphs his state chairman to appoint a committee to attend to the situation, and forthwith a committee for that purpose springs into existence. What does this action mean? There are only two obvious answers. Either the usual constituted authorities for taking care of epidemics have failed, or the chairman of the Medical Section of the Advisory Commission is a sort of medical "all highest" in the United States, who is superior to all regular agencies and may step in when he sees fit. We have for some
The detection of a spleen focus-forming virus neoantigen by lymphocyte- mediated cytolysis
Authors: S Gillis, AE Gillis, KA Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The existence of a nonvirion tumor-associated cell surface antigen (TASA) on cells transformed with Friend (FLV) on Rauscher (RLV) leukemia virus has been difficult to demonstrate. Antisera raised against classically defined Friend- Moloney-Rauscher antigenic determinants have been shown to react with virus structural proteins coded for by genetic information contained in the lymphatic leukemia or helper (LLV) virus genome. The recent development of nontrans-formed fibroblast cell lines which contain the replication-defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) genome, free of replicating LLV, has allowed investigation of an SFFV-specific antigen. We have applied the techniques of mixed tumor-lymphocyte culture stimulation followed by lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis assays to search for the cell surface expression of an antigen coded expressly by SFFV genetic information. SFFV nonproducer-immune, in vitro activated spleen cells were capable of effecting the lysis of SFFV-containing BALB/c 3T3 and Fischer rat epithelial, cloned cell lines. Normal BALB/c 3T3 and BALB/c 3T3 cells infected with three types of ecotropic LLV were unaffected. Syngeneic FLV and RLV-induced murine leukemia cells were also killed by SFFV nonproducer-immune lymphocytes. In addition, Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed, replication-defective and replication-rescued BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts were not susceptible to SFFV antigen-directed cytolysis. Antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis assays using monospecific goat antisera confirmed that SFFV nonproducers lacked cell surface expression of virion structural proteins. These observations suggest that the antigen detected in LMC experiments was not coded for by genetic information contained in the helper component of FLV, and that it represents a true SFFV-specific cell surface antigen. Based upon the recent molecular evaluation of the SFFV genome as consisting of both xenotropic and ecotropic virus sequences, it appears reasonable that xenotropic genetic information may be responsible for expression of the SFFV- specific antigen. Since the replication-defective SFFV genome is also responsible for the malignant transformation associated with FLV-induced erythroleukemia, one might postulate that gene sequences capable of programming transformation may also code for the TASA detected in these studies.
Septic Shock in Man
Authors: Marion A. Carnes
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This is a most attractive book from a number of points of view. Physically, it is well designed, comfortable in the hand, with easy to read print on quality paper. Typographical errors are minimal, the tables and illustrations reproduced in reasonable fashion, and the index adequate but not overburdened. The content of the volume is especially attractive. The book, based on a conference on the Dynamics of Septic Shock in Man, held in 1968, draws together "virtually all the existing worthwhile information on the subject in a well-organized format...." The presentations at that conference have been updated for this publication. There is a logical definition of terms and etiologic factors, including alterations of host-invader relationships, and these are lucidly developed. The authors discuss alterations in respiration, circulation, and metabolism as they relate uniquely to septic shock, and there is an excellent section on oxygen transport and utilization. Exciting and important
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of a giant duodenal lipoma presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Henrik Thorlacius, Håkan Weiber, Otto Ljungberg, Jörgen Nielsen, Ervin Toth
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 66-year-old man presented with fatigue and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (hemoglobin 92 g/L). He had melena but no signs of hematemesis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 35 × 15-mm large polypoid lesion with multiple ulcerations in the second part of the duodenum ([Fig. 1]). No biopsy samples were taken due to the risk of bleeding. The diagnosis was unclear and the patient underwent endoscopic ultrasound, which demonstrated a hyperechoic lesion measuring 11 × 19 mm in diameter in the submucosa in the duodenal wall with intact muscularis propria ([Fig. 2]), suggestive of a lipoma. A subsequent capsule endoscopy excluded distal causes of bleeding in the small intestine. Next, the lesion was removed endoscopically using an endoloop and snare without any complication ([Fig. 3]). The resected lesion exhibited multiple ulcerated areas ( [Fig.4]). Histological examination demonstrated a duodenal lipoma with large blood vessels in contact with these ulcerated areas ([Fig. 5]).