tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Informed consent
Authors: Christopher P J Wood, Simon C Blackburn
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Rowbotham raises some issues in his article that are familiar to us as surgical trainees.1 We are often in the position of obtaining patients' consent for operations which, although clearly in their best interests, entail the discussion of rarely occurring, but serious, risks, leaving the patient worried about rare, but serious, complications.

Unfortunately, in today's climate of ever increasing litigious activity it becomes ever more important to ensure all possible complications are mentioned, since failure to do so could risk serious problems for the doctors involved. Many patients in our experience are keen to proceed with the procedure, and being informed of such complications does nothing but contribute to the stress already felt by many in preparing themselves for an operation. At a time when many are seeking reassurance, are we really acting in the patients' best interests?

We note the comments and suggestions of Professor John Harris mentioned in the bmj.com news roundup by Davies with regard to offering patients the choice of a simple consent as an alternative option.2 This would allow doctors to act in accordance with the patient's wishes, yet protect against litigation. We agree that this could offer a useful alternative. Of course, the option of fully informing patients of all possible complications would and should remain. In a society in which patients' choice is a sought after gold standard, surely it seems logical to take account of the variety of different patients' views in the amount of information they seek and the degree of professional guidance they wish to allow. It would be refreshing to see a system in place that allowed patients' consent to be guided by patients' choice rather than the ugly fear of litigation.
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplants Using Umbilical-Cord Blood
Authors: Eliane Gluckman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Transplantation of umbilical-cord blood was successfully performed for the first time in 1988 to treat a boy with Fanconi's anemia; the donor, the boy's newborn sister, was a perfect HLA match for her brother.1 Since then, the advantages of cord blood as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation have become clear. First, the proliferative capacity of hematopoietic stem cells in cord blood is superior to that of cells in marrow or blood from adults. A 100-ml unit of cord blood contains 1/10 the number of nucleated cells and progenitor cells (CD34+ cells) present in 1000 ml of marrow, . . .
Trimethoprim-solphamethoxazole in folic acid deficiency.
Authors: P J Rooney, E Housley
Journal: BMJ (1972)

therefore remains largely unknown.On the other hand, the terms "alive" or "dead" do not give an account of the whole phen- omenon.For example, the patient described by Dodge and Curie2 benefited from de- compression and lobectomy, and was the only one of the 37 cases reported by Hay- maker et al.3 which survived.Nevertheless, the death of the same patient was later re- ported4 and I wonder whether this case could be used to illustrate the success or failure of surgery.No. of Alive Dead Cases Untreated .26863 205 Treated .10149 52 Poly-I.C.*** .. 1 0 1 * Idoxuridine.**Cytosine arabinoside.
THE "ACUTE EAR" IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: D. Guthrie
Journal: BMJ (1934)

I conclude with an analysis of a day's meals, not perhaps such meals as we should take every day, but most of us can probably recall days when we have indulged to an equal extent.Carbo-BREAKFAST: Protein Fat hydrate (grams) (gramns) (grams) Tea or coffee ... ... .
Potassium channel inactivation peptide blocks cyclic nucleotide-gated channels by binding to the conserved pore domain
Authors: Richard H. Kramer, Evan Goulding, Steven A. Siegelbaum
Journal: Neuron (1994)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in photoreceptors and olfactory neurons are activated by intracellular ligands (cAMP and cGMP) rather than voltage. Surprisingly, these channels share amino acid sequence homology with voltage-gated channels. Here we show that the distinct gating mechanisms exhibited by CNG and voltage-gated channels share features that reflect this structural homology. Thus, a 20 amino acid peptide ("ball peptide") derived from the Shaker-type K+ channel and responsible for its rapid inactivation also blocks CNG channels. Moreover, the peptide selectively blocks open CNG channels and prevents channel closure, showing that CNG channel activation, like activation of voltage-dependent K+ channels, involves the opening of a gate located on the intracellular side of the peptide-binding site. Amino acid substitutions in the peptide cause similar changes in blocking affinity of CNG and K+ channels, suggesting a conserved binding site. Using a chimeric retinal/olfactory channel, we show that the difference in the peptide affinity of the two CNG channels is due to a difference in the amino acid sequence of the conserved pore-forming region, demonstrating that this domain forms part of the peptide receptor.
The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV–1 transmission and disease progression
Authors: Yaoxing Huang, William A. Paxton, Steven M. Wolinsky, Avidan U. Neumann, Linqi Zhang, Tian He, Stanley Kang, Daniel Ceradini, Zhanqun Jin, Karina Yazdanbakhsh, Kevin Kunstman, Daniel Erickson, Elizabeth Dragon, Nathaniel R. Landau, John Phair, David D. Ho, Richard A. Koup
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Inhibitory FcγRIIb (CD32b) becomes activated by therapeutic mAb in both cis and trans and drives internalization according to antibody specificity
Authors: Andrew T. Vaughan, Chisako Iriyama, Stephen A. Beers, Claude H. T. Chan, Sean H. Lim, Emily L. Williams, Vallari Shah, Ali Roghanian, Bjorn Frendéus, Martin J. Glennie, Mark S. Cragg
Journal: Blood (2013)
Influence of hyperaldosteronism upon gastric secretion.
Authors: R M Baddeley, J Evans, J A Griffin
Journal: Gut (1969)

Cirrhotic ascites, in which secondary hyperaldosteronism is a notable feature, is associated with impaired gastric secretion (Baddeley, 1968).Ob- struction to hepatic venous outflow, which also induces secondary hyperaldosteronism and ascites (Orloff, Ross, Baddeley, Nutting, Spitz, Sloop, Neesby, and Halasz, 1964), depresses acid secretion from Heidenhain pouches in dogs with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers (Baddeley, Nutting, Ross, Sloop, Halasz, and Orloff, 1964; Baddeley, 1968).For these reasons an investigation of the influence of aldo- sterone upon gastric secretion was carried out. EXPERIMENTAL METHODSHeidenhain pouches were constructed in eight bitches and three months allowed for convalescence.In acute studies submaximally stimulated gastric secretion was induced by the continous intravenous infusion of histamine acid phosphate (0-5 ,tg/kg/minute) over a
Interleukin 15 is produced by endothelial cells and increases the transendothelial migration of T cells In vitro and in the SCID mouse-human rheumatoid arthritis model In vivo.
Authors: N Oppenheimer-Marks, R I Brezinschek, M Mohamadzadeh, R Vita, P E Lipsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The capacity of endothelial cells (EC) to produce IL-15 and the capacity of IL-15 to influence transendothelial migration of T cells was examined. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressed both IL-15 mRNA and protein. Moreover, endothelial-derived IL-15 enhanced transendothelial migration of T cells as evidenced by the inhibition of this process by blocking monoclonal antibodies to IL-15. IL-15 enhanced transendothelial migration of T cells by activating the binding capacity of the integrin adhesion molecule LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and also increased T cell motility. In addition, IL-15 induced expression of the early activation molecule CD69. The importance of IL-15 in regulating migration of T cells in vivo was documented by its capacity to enhance accumulation of adoptively transferred human T cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue engrafted into immune deficient SCID mice. These results demonstrate that EC produce IL-15 and imply that endothelial IL-15 plays a critical role in stimulation of T cells to extravasate into inflammatory tissue.
Clinical trial value of trimipramine versus placebo in duodenal ulcer healing.
Authors: T K Daneshmend, M M Homeida, R A Mountford, P Brown, C S Neumann
Journal: Gut (1981)

Thirty-two patients with duodenal ulceration took trimipramine 50 mg or placebo. Fifteen patients on each treatment completed the study. Endoscopy at four weeks showed ulcer healing in seven (46%) patients on trimipramine, compared with only two (15%) on placebo (P less than 0.05). However, by eight weeks there were eight (53%) patients in both groups with healed ulcers. There were no significant differences between the two groups in ulcer symptoms. Drowsiness was reported by eight patients on trimipramine compared with only one on placebo. Trimipramine 50 mg appears to increase the rate of ulcer healing in the short term. Side-effects at the dose used may limit its long-term usefulness.
The Sentinel Pile and Brodie
Authors: Leon Banov
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> May I take this opportunity to compliment the editors ofThe Journalon publishing biographical sketches of outstanding persons who have made significant contributions to the progress of medicine. InThe Journal(<b>200</b>:331, 1967) an excellent biographical flashback of the great London surgeon, Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, stated that he "recognized the significance of the sentinel pile at the lower end of the fissure." However, Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie has not left a written description which in any way resembles the sentinel pile referred to by some of our present day writers. His lectures on anorectal diseases delivered at St. George's Hospital and published in the<i>London Medical Gazette</i>do not mention, by identification or description, a sentinel pile. Moreover, his clinical remarks on ulcers of the rectum delivered at St. George's Hospital and published in the<i>London Medical and Surgical Journal</i>mention no tissue to
397 LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE SERUM HBSAG IN HBV/HIV COINFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: E. Arendt, J. Jaroszewicz, M. Vogel, B. Zacher, M. Cornberg, M. Stoll, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer, K. Wursthorn
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A Case of Interstitial Tubal Pregnancy
Authors: J. S. Leverton
Journal: BMJ (1952)

it was almost invariably fatal (Perkins, 1932).More recently cases successfully managed through pregnancy have been described (Thom et al., 1941described (Thom et al., , 1942;; Sheldon, 1945; Zwanenberg, 1945; Simpson, 1946; Knowlton et al., 1949).Crises may occur in the early stages due to vomiting, but, once these have passed, the patients usually remain well until after delivery.In the first few days of the puerperium, however, crises of acute adrenal insufficiency are frequent.Hypoglycaemia may also be a serious complication, and irreversible coma may occur.Knowl- ton et al. (1949) recommend stabilization throughout the pregnancy with daily injections of intramuscular doca to allow for requirements which vary in the different stages.Little extra salt is advised,.togive a wider margin of safety should vomiting occur and salt ingestion be discontinued.After delivery, intravenous glucose saline, I to 2 litres, and additional eucortone, 20 to 40 ml., are given daily.
Nontraumatic Myositis Ossificans in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Kent M. Samuelson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Myositis ossificans has been subclassified into three categories: traumatic, progressive, or those cases associated with neuromuscular and chronic diseases. Four cases of myositis ossificans occurred in otherwise healthy individuals without any history of trauma. These four patients illustrate a fourth and distinct subclassification of the disease. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1132-1133, 1976)
PHYSICAL SIGNS OF PLEURAL EFFUSION.
Authors: WILLSON O. BRIDGES
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Fourteen years ago I treated a young man with croupous pneumonia of severe though characteristic type. Crisis occurred on the seventh day, but the temperature did not reach the normal. Resolution did not become complete in the solidified area, the cough and expectoration increased, the fever gradually rose to 102, and there was persistence in the dull area with bronchial respiration and subcrepitant râles. He developed night sweats without chills. The expectoration was mucopurulent, occasionally tinged with blood, and in the presence of a family predisposition to tuberculosis, I felt convinced of a development in this direction. For two months there was scarcely any variation in the physical signs of consolidation; he became considerably emaciated, and I was at sea, because repeated microscopic examination failed to reveal the presence of tubercle bacilli in what appeared to be quite characteristic sputum. It then occured to me to explore the affected area with
A single intestinal intubation technique for multiple function studies.
Authors: A E Cowen, C B Campbell
Journal: Gut (1971)

Intestinal intubation is required for accurate diagnosis in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases.Repeated intubations are often performed when intestinal biopsy, pancreatic function tests, and even bacteriological studies are consecutively found to be necessary.Intubation is considered unpleasant by the majority of patients and some find repeated studies frankly distressing.This paper describes a technique allowing a wide variety of intestinal function studies to be undertaken with a single intubation as an outpatient procedure.
Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor 1–Deficient Mice Display Decreased Anxiety, Impaired Stress Response, and Aberrant Neuroendocrine Development
Authors: George W Smith, Jean-Michel Aubry, Francoise Dellu, Angelo Contarino, Louise M Bilezikjian, Lisa H Gold, Ruoping Chen, Yelena Marchuk, Chris Hauser, Cornelia A Bentley, Paul E Sawchenko, George F Koob, Wylie Vale, Kuo-Fen Lee
Journal: Neuron (1998)
Heads you lose
Authors: Wendy Moore
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Ever since Hippocrates supposedly uttered the injunction “First do no harm,” doctors have been inextricably associated with squandering lives in the name of political and religious ideology. From the Alexandrian anatomists who dissected living convicts in the 4th century BC to the Nazi Physicians' League, doctors have bent their talents to state-sponsored murder.

None, however, has contributed more to the cause of terror—albeit unintentionally—than the well meaning French physician Dr Joseph Ignace Guillotin. A respected doctor with a lucrative practice in pre-revolutionary Paris, Guillotin was a professor of the Paris Faculty …
PCDD and PCDF exposure and levels in humans in Germany.
Authors: H Beck, A Dross, W Mathar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

For nonoccupationally exposed persons, the daily intake via food consumption has been calculated to be 0.35 pg/kg body weight per day for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 2.3 pg/kg body weight per day for TCDD equivalents (TEqs). As compared to food, other sources and pathways are of minor importance. Food of animal origin contributes most, although human exposure begins with atmospheric emissions depositing these compounds on plant surfaces. In the meantime, a possible additional body burden from cardboard containers for cow's milk and coffee filters has been practically excluded. Of the 210 existing PCDDs and PCDFs, only 15 2,3,7,8-substituted isomers with a characteristic congener pattern can be found in samples of human origin. In adipose tissue and milk samples, mean levels for 2,3,7,8-TCDD of 7.2 and 3.6 pg/g fat, respectively, and of 56 (range 18-122) and 30 (range 10-72) pg TEqs/g fat, respectively, were determined. Human data revealed a dependency of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) levels on age. In human milk, levels became reduced with the number of children born to mothers and duration of breast-feeding period. The average daily intake for a breast-fed child has been calculated to be 17 pg 2,3,7,8-TCDD/kg body weight per day and 142 pg TEqs/kg body weight per day, respectively. Levels in adipose tissue of infants, even if breast fed, were distinctly lower compared to human milk. In human milk, adipose tissue, and whole blood, PCDD/PCDF concentrations have been found to be equal on a fat-weight basis. Liver fat accumulated PCDD/PCDF with an alteration in the congener distribution pattern, whereas brain, even on a fat-weight basis, showed the lowest concentrations. Elevated or even high levels were found in occupationally exposed persons working in special chemical plants or involved in specific processes. There are limited data suggesting slightly elevated PCDD/PCDF levels are due to long-term consumption of a large share of food produced near point sources with a heavy emission or ingestion of soil or dust from such areas.
Cerebral air embolism complicating esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Authors: B. McAree, R. Gilliland, D. Campbell, J. Lucas, W. Dickey
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 69-year-old man was admitted with progressive abdominal pain/distension, constipation, and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed ascites, omental deposits, and a thickened caecal wall ([Fig. 1]). Ascitic fluid cytology confirmed adenocarcinoma. Hematemesis ensued and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed to investigate this and the site of primary malignancy. This revealed distal erosive esophagitis ([Fig. 2]) from which biopsies were taken. Toward the end of the procedure the patient became unresponsive, exhibiting tonic-clonic seizure activity and a left hemiparesis. An emergency cerebral CT revealed pneumocephalus mostly affecting the right frontoparietal region ([Fig. 3]). Due to disseminated malignancy, transfer to the nearest operational hyperbaric oxygen unit (> 200 miles) was felt to be unjustified. The patient died 6 days later. Postmortem examination within 24 hours showed no evidence of intracardiac air or shunt ([Fig. 4]). The underlying malignancy was appendiceal adenocarcinoma ([Fig. 5], [6]).
Small hospitals could help to bolster community services, says NHS chief
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Small hospitals could help to bolster community services, says NHS chief Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Expression of Pit-1 and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor mRNA in Human Pituitary Adenomas: Difference Among Functioning, Silent, and Other Nonfunctioning Adenomas
Authors: Ikuo Kobayashi, Hidehiro Oka, Heiji Naritaka, Yuichi Sato, Kiyotaka Fujii, Toru Kameya
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2002)
Discontinuance of Routine Smallpox Vaccination
Authors: Reuben Tizes
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent EDITORIAL (<b>218</b>:876, 1971) endorsed recommendations to discontinue routine smallpox immunizations and to substitute selective vaccinations for those at higher risk, such as travelers to countries reporting smallpox, and personnel in health services. The main rationale for this recommendation is that the risk of complications from vaccination is higher than the probability of contracting the disease. Is the probability of contracting the disease calculated with due consideration to the immunity status that now exists in the United States? We are told that only half of the United States population is fully or partially protected. In geographical location, which half? Are metropolitan areas better immunized than rural areas? what is the risk of contracting the disease, if the level of immunity of our population is zero or near zero, as endorsed by the aboveprescribed recommendations? What would be the risk from primary vaccination if this immunization were
An Oddness of Id
Authors: Robert G. Austin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The narration An Oddness of Id (JAMA191, Feb 8, 1965, adv p 238) contained an interesting and provocative description of Doctor Odd-Id. It also seemed to demonstrate the pitfalls of the odd-id syndrome since the author proceeded to diagnose the nearly 1,200 medical doctors without examining them carefully himself.
Gates of Paradise
Authors: SAUL B. GILSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Ad Libitum1 April 1980Gates of ParadiseSAUL B. GILSON, M.D.SAUL B. GILSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-4-566_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe man sickenedAnd would soon die.At this sad sightGod, the jealous GodHardened the hearts ofFriends and wives,Sons and daughtersBut they were secretly ashamed,Turned their hearts butNot their eyes awaySpoke fair, yet knew him not.The dying man thenSaw this evil he had doneAnd was ashamedHis strength left.He witheredAnd became an unclean thing.He saw and would not knowAnd so he could not see.Thus what was now himselfWas by himself forsookAnd two months later he died.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1980Volume 92, Issue 4Page: 566-566KeywordsHeart ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Three-Dimensional Osteogenic Tissue Model for the Study of Metastatic Tumor Cell Interactions with Bone
Authors: Andrea M. Mastro, Erwin A. Vogler
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

A specialized bioreactor based on the principle of simultaneous growth and dialysis permits growth of three-dimensional (3D), multiple-cell-layer osteogenic tissue from isolated osteoblasts over long, continuous-culture intervals (tested up to 10 months with no sign of necrosis). The resulting tissue recapitulates the stages of bone development observed in vivo, including phenotypic maturation of cobblestone-shaped osteoblasts into stellate-shaped osteocytes interconnected by many intercellular processes. Gene expression profiles parallel cell-morphologic changes with time, ultimately leading to increased expression of osteocyte-associated molecules such as E11, DMP1, and sclerostin. Contiguous, cm(2)-scale macroscopic mineral deposits that form within the bioreactor are consistent with bone hydroxyapatite. The simple to use bioreactor system provides an in vitro model that permits the study and manipulation of cancer cell interactions with bone tissue in real time. Metastatic human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231(GFP), introduced into the model grow and colonize osteoblastic tissue in a manner reflecting various characteristics of pathologic tissue observed in the clinic. Specifically, MDA-MB-231(GFP) cells are observed to penetrate the thick extracellular matrix in which osteoblasts are embedded and to form chains reminiscent of "Indian files," described for infiltrating lobular or metaplastic breast carcinomas. Osteoblasts appear to be marshaled into a parallel alignment with cancer cells, followed by erosion of extracellular matrix structural integrity. Tissue degradation appears to be accompanied by increased expression of osteoblast inflammatory cytokines.