tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
David Reginald Ball
Authors: D. Dawson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Previous randomized studies suggest that fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening can reduce mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC). Our aim was to review the current status of FOBTs in CRC screening. FOB is measured using either the traditional guaiac-based tests or more recently introduced fecal immunochemical tests (FITs). FITs have several advantages over guaiac-based FOBTs, including higher sensitivity and specificity, resulting in improved clinical performance and higher efficiency. Another advantage in population screening according to European Guidelines for quality assurance in CRC screening is that FITs can be automated and user can adjust the cut-off at which a positive result is reported. In population-based screening, all those testing positively with any FOBT should be referred for colonoscopy. Conclusion: Although a plethora of FOBTs are available on the market, relatively few have been extensively tested for clinical sensitivity and specificity in CRC screening. Current data imply that new FITs have superior test characteristics as compared with guaiac-based FOBTs. The latest development in the field is represented by the proteomic-based tests that may further reduce false-negative rates in CRC screening. Simple stool sample preservation and automatic analysis are other important issues in population-based screening for CRC.
Dutch government plans to reform health insurance system
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Dutch cabinet has finalised plans to reform its health insurance system in a bid to loosen government control, while guaranteeing access for all to a basic package of care.

The health minister, Els Borst, emphasised that solidarity “between old and young, sick and healthy” lay at the heart of the new system. The plans scrap the division between the two thirds of population entitled to national health insurance, or sickness funds cover, and the richest third, who must insure themselves privately.

Instead, everyone would now be obliged join a single general health insurance package comprising “all necessary …
Efficacy of Positive Airway Pressure and Oral Appliance in Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Maree Barnes, R. Douglas McEvoy, Siobhan Banks, Natalie Tarquinio, Christopher G. Murray, Norman Vowles, Robert J. Pierce
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The efficacy of currently recommended treatments is uncertain in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], 5-30). A group of 114 sleep clinic patients with an AHI of 5-30 have participated in a randomized controlled crossover trial of 3 months of treatment with each of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), a mandibular advancement splint, and a placebo tablet. Outcomes were sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia, daytime sleepiness, quality of life, neurobehavioral function, and blood pressure. Both active treatments improved sleep outcomes, but positive airway pressure had a greater effect. The quality of life, symptoms, and subjective but not objective sleepiness improved to a similar degree with both treatments; however, many of the improvements seen in neuropsychologic function and mood were not better than the placebo effect. Some aspects of nocturnal blood pressure were improved with the splint but not with CPAP. This study has shown that although both CPAP and mandibular advancement splint effectively treated sleep-disordered breathing and sleepiness, the expected response in neurobehavioral function was incomplete. This may be due to the splint having a lesser therapeutic effect and CPAP being poorly tolerated and therefore used less in this patient group.
Systemic Anticoagulation And Intraocular Hemorrhage
Authors: Michael J. Hogan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  A misstatement occurs in the second paragraph in which the authors state that disciform degeneration of the macula is due to a change in localized capillary fragility. There is no evidence that this is so. The changes that precede bleeding in the macular region are related to disease of the pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane, and these may exist for long periods without capillary involvement. Eventually, calcification of the elastic tissue in Bruch's membrane, or changes in the collagen may lead to secondary proliferation of capillaries from the choroidal vessels. There is good evidence from fluorescein angiography that new vessels may be present in serous disciform lesions and senile macular degenerations for long periods without bleeding. Bleeding may be initiated by effort or by rubbing the eyes.  We have seen patients who were treated with anticoagulants in the presence of formation of new vessels in the macular
Tc-99m HDP Bone Scan Showing Bone Changes in a Case of Tuberous Sclerosis or Bourneville’s Disease
Authors: PAUL JONARD, MAX LONNEUX, BENOIT BOLAND, JACQUES MALGHEM, FRANÇOIS JAMAR, M. D
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Whole-body Tc-99m HDP scintigraphy was performed in a 25-year-old woman with known tuberous sclerosis. The scintigraphic pattern showed multiple foci of abnormal activity over the hands, phalanges, feet, tibias, fibulas, ulnas, and radii, where radiographs showed periosteal apposition, irregular cortical thickening, and cyst-like lesions on the phalanges. The spine, pelvis, and ribs showed heterogeneous tracer uptake where radiographs showed patchy areas of increased bone density. This radiographic pattern is characteristic of osseous tuberous sclerosis. Although previous reports suggested the opposite conclusion, this observation indicates that an abnormal result of bone scintiscan can be observed in osseous tuberous sclerosis.
A Critical Role of the p75 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (p75TNF-R) in Organ Inflammation Independent of TNF, Lymphotoxin α, or the p55TNF-R
Authors: Eleni Douni, George Kollias
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Despite overwhelming evidence that enhanced production of the p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75TNF-R) accompanies development of specific human inflammatory pathologies such as multi-organ failure during sepsis, inflammatory liver disease, pancreatitis, respiratory distress syndrome, or AIDS, the function of this receptor remains poorly defined in vivo. We show here that at levels relevant to human disease, production of the human p75TNF-R in transgenic mice results in a severe inflammatory syndrome involving mainly the pancreas, liver, kidney, and lung, and characterized by constitutively increased NF-κB activity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell compartment. This process is shown to evolve independently of the presence of TNF, lymphotoxin α, or the p55TNF-R, although coexpression of a human TNF transgene accelerated pathology. These results establish an independent role for enhanced p75TNF-R production in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease and implicate the direct involvement of this receptor in a wide range of human inflammatory pathologies.
Abstract A44: Src-induced human cell transformation
Authors: Taiko Sukezane, Hidesaburo Hanafusa, Tsuyoshi Akagi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Src is one of the oldest and most investigated oncogenes, and its family members make up the largest group of non-recepter tyrosine kinases. The elevated Src expression and kinase activity have been seen in multiple solid tumors including colon and breast cancer, and many in vitro experiments have shown a critical role of Src in cellular growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis. However, there is no obvious mutation of Src has been linked with the development of human cancer unlike activating mutations of Ras were often found in various types of human cancer, and therefore direct involvement of Src in human cancer pathogenesis has still remained obscure. In order to directly assess the oncogenic potential of Src in human cells, we have expressed activated Src (v-Src) in human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) which were immortalized by the combination of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and SV40 early region (ER). These v-src-expressing HDF exhibit more drastic morphological changes, aggressive tumorigenecity in nude mice, and higher activity of both MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways when compared to the equivalent HDF transformed by H-ras V12. Curiously, there is no such difference between v-Src and H-ras V12 in the transformation of rodent fibroblasts. Such highly tumorigenic potential of v-Src is not limited to fibroblasts, and we have succeeded to transform normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) into aggressive tumor cells by the similar procedure as in HDF. These v-Src transformed HMEC should provide a useful model cell system for understanding the molecular basis of some types of human breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A44.
A METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF Eh, pH AND TEMPERATURE OF THE SKIN.
Authors: AGNESE M. T. KELLY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article A METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF Eh, pH AND TEMPERATURE OF THE SKIN. Get access AGNÈSE M. T. KELLY, M.D., D.C.H. AGNÈSE M. T. KELLY, M.D., D.C.H. Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 6, 1 June 1965, Pages 322–325, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14653.x Published: 01 June 1965
Plan to put outside managers in NHS is criticised
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Government plans to set up a register of non-NHS managers to run failing NHS trusts have been given short shrift by health service managers and the Institute of Directors—although some doctors believe the plans could work.

Health secretary Alan Milburn announced his plans for a register when he named the four failing trusts that are to come under franchised management from April. These are Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, and Barnet and Chase Farm NHS Trust. However, management of this first round of trusts will go to the best NHS managers, not private sector ones.

The register will include experts from the public, private, and …
Link between co-trimoxazole and sudden death in patients receiving inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system could be due to confounding
Authors: H. Scheper, W. M. Lijfering
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Fralick and colleagues’ case-control study investigated whether elderly people receiving renin angiotensin (RAS) inhibitors are at increased risk of death within 7-14 days of starting treatment with co-trimoxazole.1 However, their results could be flawed by confounding by indication. After extensive adjustment with a propensity score, co-trimaxozole users had a 1.38 (95% …
Chinese scientists must test wild animals to find the host of SARS
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Researchers believe that the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans probably originated in an animal in southern China.

That was the conclusion drawn by a group of experts meeting at the New York Academy of Sciences to discuss the origins of SARS and the state of development of a vaccine or antiviral drug to help quell the virus.

SARS has killed 642 people and infected 7860 across the world. No one understands why SARS makes some people sicker than others and why some people seem to be more likely to spread it to others.

It could be linked to stress or to infection with something else as well as SARS, such as influenza or hepatitis, researchers said. Co-infection with other infections is known to worsen coronavirus infection in farm animals. The disease's long incubation period—estimated to be two to 10 days, or even 14 days—makes the virus perfect for travel. It gives infected individuals enough time to go elsewhere before they get sick.

Experts who examined the genetic map of the SARS virus say …
Development of a Brief Screening Instrument: The HANDS
Authors: Lee Baer, Douglas G. Jacobs, Joelle Meszler-Reizes, Mark Blais, Maurizio Fava, Ronald Kessler, Kathryn Magruder, Jane Murphy, Barbara Kopans, Peter Cukor, Linda Leahy, John O’Laughlen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

The present study was designed to develop a briefer screening scale of approximately 10 items which maintained the validity of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in a sample similar to that attending National Depression Screening Day (NDSD), as well as a more general audience.We first administered 70 items from a variety of existing rating scales to 40 subjects who answered an ad for depressed subjects and 55 who answered an ad for non-depressed subjects, all of whose diagnoses were confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Based on the correlation between each item and the diagnostic criterion, we reduced the number of items to 17 which we then administered to another 45 subjects who answered an ad similar to that used for NDSD and also underwent a SCID interview. Based on these results, we arrived at the final 10-item Harvard Department of Psychiatry/NDSD scale (HANDS) with the assistance of the item-response theory. The items are scored for frequency of occurrence of each symptom over the past 2 weeks. Total scores range from 0 to 30.The 10-item scale (HANDS) has good internal consistency and validity: a cutpoint score of 9 or greater gave sensitivity of at least 95% in both studies. Although specificity was lower for all scales in the self-selected population, the HANDS performed at least as well as the 20-item Zung Scale, the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory-II and the 15-item Hopkins Symptom Depression Checklist.The 10-item HANDS performs as well as other widely used longer self-report scales and has the advantage of briefer administration time.
Preliminary Evaluation of the Usefulness of Tc-99m (V) DMSA in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: MARIA BANCI, PIER LUIGI BIANCHI, WALTER GIANNI, ANNA MARIA ROMANI, GIUSEPPE DE VINCENTIS, MARIA IERARDI, FRANCESCO SCOPINARO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

The authors describe the possible application of Tc-99m (V) DMSA scintigraphy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In consideration of the common embryonic origin of these tumors and other neoplastic diseases (medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheocromocytoma, neuroblastoma) that have been well studied with radionuclide imaging, five cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (two insulinomas, one vipoma, and two unclassified neuroendocrine tumors) were successfully visualized with Tc-99m (V) DMSA scintigraphy, thus giving an overall "imaging confirmation" of the histologic and/or cytologic results in terms of primary and metastatic localization. The authors point out the importance of their results, obtained in a simple and repeatable manner, and suggest a real comparison in this setting between this approach and octreotide scintigraphy.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Daniel Re, Ralf Küppers, Volker Diehl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

According to the WHO classification, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is subdivided into a classical variant and a nodular lymphocyte predominant variant which are characterized by the presence of Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells or lymphocytic and histiocytic (L&H) cells, respectively. This article reviews genetic characteristics and transcriptional changes of H-RS and L&H cells, including recent knowledge about transforming mechanisms and signaling pathways that contribute to the antiapoptotic phenotype displayed by H-RS and L&H cells. We also discuss major cellular and molecular mediators contributing to the establishment and maintenance of a reactive background in HL-affected tissues. We believe that an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of HL will eventually lead to the development of novel biologically based therapeutic strategies in the near future.
Rehabilitation — Food Rationing in Retrospect — Foot Rot, Worms and Orf
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

FULL employment and an enlightened social conscience are the two main contemporary factors that emphasize the importance of rehabilitating the disabled. The whole field of rehabilitation has recently been the subject of a Government survey, and a British Medical Association Committee has submitted its own views on the problem. This committee considered that 25 per cent of all patients passing through hospitals for the acutely disabled would benefit from planned rehabilitation. This must be an indivisible process by which the stages of acute illness, convalescence and resettlement merge into one another. Medical supervision continues to be necessary after active medical . . .
US health systems made few gains in the years before the Affordable Care Act, report says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Few US states made progress in improving healthcare access, quality, or outcomes in the years preceding the Affordable Care Act, and most states either made no progress or lost ground across a wide range of performance measures, a new report has said.1

The report, an annual “scorecard” by the Commonwealth Fund, ranked the health systems of all 50 states and the District of Columbia using 42 healthcare measures, including 34 selected to assess trends in performance improvement.

Aiming Higher: Results from a Scorecard on State Health System Performance, 2014 , looked at data from 2007 to 2012, before the major provisions of the Affordable Care Act were implemented.

The report found that all states saw an improvement in at least seven of the 34 trend measures, but more than half of the states lost ground on at least nine indicators.

“[O]n a significant majority of measures, the story is mostly one of stagnation or decline. In most parts of the country, performance worsened on nearly as many measures as it improved,” the report said.

During the time covered by …
LONG–TERM OUTCOME AFTER REVASCULARIZATION WITH EVEROLIMUS– AND SIROLIMUS–ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY: FROM THE SORT OUT IV TRIAL
Authors: Lisette Okkels Jensen, Per Thayssen, Anne Kaltoft, Hans–Henrik Tilsted, Michael Maeng, Evald Christiansen, Knud Hansen, Anton Boel Villadsen, Lars Krusell, Anders Junker, Morten Madsen, Jan Ravkilde, Leif Thuesen, Jens Lassen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Correction: Studies Cited in Review on Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: THEODORE BERK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1981Correction: Studies Cited in Review on Cerebrovascular DiseaseTHEODORE BERK, M.D.THEODORE BERK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-3-394_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their review Byer and Easton (1) tabulate the results of randomized studies on anticoagulant treatment for progressing stroke. One would erroneously conclude from their review that there have been three such studies, with a total of 150 patients in the treated groups. However, the second study (2) cited in Table 2 of their article, with 51 patients in the treated group, is merely the interim report of the third study (3) cited in Table 2 of their article. The group of 61 treated patients in the final report (3) includes only 10 patients not described in...References1. BYEREASTON JJ. Therapy of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:742-56. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FISHER C. Anticoagulant therapy in cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism: a national cooperative study, interim report. Neurology (Minneap). 1961;11:119-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BAKERBROWARDFANGFISHERGROCHHEYMAN RJHCSA. Anticoagulant therapy in cerebral infarction. Neurology (Minneap). 1962;12:823-35. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia, PA 19107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1981Volume 95, Issue 3Page: 394-394KeywordsAnticoagulantsCerebrovascular diseasesStroke ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin 2. I. Inhibition of T lymphocyte mitogenesis and the in vitro differentiation of alloreactive cytolytic T cells.
Authors: S Gillis, A E Gillis, C S Henney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Our recent studies have detailed the generation of B cell hybridomas whose IgG product significantly inhibits interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent T cell replication. Given the capacity of such hybridoma antibody to interfere with the activity of mouse, rat, and human IL-2, we asked whether anti-IL-2 IgG would mediate similar inhibitory effects on other in vitro immune responses. In this communication, we report that addition of purified anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody to either mitogen- or alloantigen-stimulated spleen cells exerted markedly deleterious effects on both resultant T cell proliferation and the generation of cytolytic effector cells. These results provide serological evidence in support of the integral role that IL-2 plays in controlling antigen/mitogen-induced T cell proliferation and serves further to define the ability of monoclonal antibody against IL-2 to function as an immunosuppressive agent.
Diuretic Action of Three Sulfonylurea Drugs
Authors: Arnold M. Moses, Joan Howanitz, Myron Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The effect of three sulfonylurea drugs, acetohexamide, tolazamide, and glyburide, on water excretion in hydrated normal subjects was investigated and compared with that of chlorpropamide. The antidiuretic action of chlorpropamide was confirmed, whereas acetohexamide, tolazamide, and glyburide enhanced water excretion; the latter drug also enhanced the excretion of water by patients with diabetes mellitus. Glyburide did not change excretion of total solute, sodium, potassium, and did not alter plasma 11-hydroxycorticoid concentration. Glyburide did not suppress the excretion of antidiuretic hormone and did not inhibit the antidiuretic action of infused antidiuretic hormone. Therefore, the diuretic action of glyburide does not appear to be mediated through effects on solute excretion, activation of the adrenal cortex, or on release or action of antidiuretic hormone. The effect of the sulfonylurea drugs on water metabolism should seriously be considered when prescribing oral hypoglycemic agents, especially for patients with diabetes mellitus who have a water-retaining tendency.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE ELECTRICAL TREATMENT OF FIBROIDS.
Authors: A. LAPTHORN SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1895)

At the full flow of the tide of the most successful surgery the world has ever known, one must possess a good deal of courage of his convictions to rise in the presence of such a distinguished audience as this, to ever discuss, far less to advocate the treatment of tumors, even the most benign, by any other method than the surgeon's knife. Appearing on the program of this meeting, surrounded as this paper and its author are, by papers and surgeons advocating every kind of surgical treatment, from tying the uterine arteries to removing nearly all the pelvic contents, my position is a peculiarly difficult one; the more especially as I have been trained as a surgeon and now occupy a position as surgeon in several hospitals where I am often compelled by circumstances to treat fibroids by surgical procedures. It is only fair that I should say at