tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Access to legal abortion is needed to help cut 70 000 deaths a year
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Family planning services and access to legal abortion need to improve worldwide to reduce the number of maternal deaths and complications from unsafe abortion, a new report concludes.

The report, from the Guttmacher Institute, a non-profit organisation that works to advance reproductive health, says that unsafe abortions result in an estimated 70 000 deaths a year globally and that that figure has hardly changed in 10 years. 

Access to high quality care after abortion remains poor for women in many less developed countries. Each year an estimated eight million women experience complications that need medical treatment, but only five million receive that care.

Sharon Camp, president of the US based Guttmacher Institute, said, “Most of the findings in our report are very positive, as the need for abortion appears to be declining everywhere in the world. This is largely due to the rate of unintended pregnancies coming down, and the main reason for …
656 Local hemodynamic impairment and associated poor function of small liver grafts transplanted into animals with fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: V SMYRNIOTIS, N ARKADOPOULOS, G KOSTOPANAGIOTOU, I TIERRIS, K THEODORAKI, J KONTIS, J VASSILIOU, P DIMAKAKOS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatic hemodynamic changes during liver transplantation (OLT) in children have not yet been studied. We measured intraoperative portal vein flow (PVF) and hepatic arterial flow (HAF) (mL/min) in 53 children and 58 grafts during OLT. Flows were measured in the native organ and in the allograft. In the native liver, PVF and HAF are similar; after transplantation they return to the physiological situation. No flow differences were seen between whole and partial grafts. Among the 8 (14%) portal vein thromboses, PVF was lower in both the native liver and the graft than in the no thrombosis group (P < .05). PVF <5 mL/min/kg was a risk factor to develop PV thrombosis. No graft loss occurred in 3 cases without PVF at the time of OLTs despite the observation that repermeabilization was not possible. In 4 patients with PVF <5 mL/min/kg, after tying a spontaneous spleno-renal shunt (n = 3) or performing a porto-renal vein anastomosis (n = 1), PVF reached >20 mL/min/kg, avoiding thrombosis. In conclusion, PVF and HAF measurements during pediatric OLT may predict patients at high risk for development of PV thrombosis.
Environmental justice and regional inequality in southern California: implications for future research.
Authors: Rachel Morello-Frosch, Manuel Pastor, Carlos Porras, James Sadd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Environmental justice offers researchers new insights into the juncture of social inequality and public health and provides a framework for policy discussions on the impact of discrimination on the environmental health of diverse communities in the United States. Yet, causally linking the presence of potentially hazardous facilities or environmental pollution with adverse health effects is difficult, particularly in situations in which diverse populations are exposed to complex chemical mixtures. A community-academic research collaborative in southern California sought to address some of these methodological challenges by conducting environmental justice research that makes use of recent advances in air emissions inventories and air exposure modeling data. Results from several of our studies indicate that communities of color bear a disproportionate burden in the location of treatment, storage, and disposal facilities and Toxic Release Inventory facilities. Longitudinal analysis further suggests that facility siting in communities of color, not market-based "minority move-in," accounts for these disparities. The collaborative also investigated the health risk implications of outdoor air toxics exposures from mobile and stationary sources and found that race plays an explanatory role in predicting cancer risk distributions among populations in the region, even after controlling for other socioeconomic and demographic indicators. Although it is unclear whether study results from southern California can be meaningfully generalized to other regions in the United States, they do have implications for approaching future research in the realm of environmental justice. The authors propose a political economy and social inequality framework to guide future research that could better elucidate the origins of environmental inequality and reasons for its persistence.
Breast Milk Monitoring Programs (BMMPs): world-wide early warning system for polyhalogenated POPs and for targeting studies in children's environmental health.
Authors: K Hooper
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Dniprodzerzhinsk, Kyiv, and Qzyl-Orda, names unfamiliar to most of us, are cities located literally on the other side of the globe, 12 time zones away, in the former Soviet Union countries of the Caucasus or Central Asia.Two exposure assessments of polychlorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including the organochlorine pesti- cides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans (PCDDs/PCDFs), are part of longer term studies of children's health in these regions, and are described in this and recent issues of EHP (1-3).These studies use breast milk as a convenient, noninvasive means of estimating body burdens of these POPs in the mother, fetus, infant, and child.They illustrate the global interest in children's environmental health, particularly from exposures to POPs, whose stability makes them intrinsically hazardous, and hint at the formidable challenges, both sci- entific and nonscientific, that await researchers undertaking such studies.Breast milk is an ideal medium for assessing exposures to POPs.POPs enter humans largely as contaminants of dietary animal products, where they sequester in adipose tissue, serum, and breast milk and equilibrate at similar levels on a fat weight basis.With long (5-10 year) half-lives, POPs persist in humans and in breast milk 4,000 3,000
Tuberculosis and poverty.
Authors: D P Spence, J Hotchkiss, C S Williams, P D Davies
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To examine whether the historical link between tuberculosis and poverty still exists.Retrospective study examining the notifications of all forms of tuberculosis by council ward over a six year period and correlating this with four indices of poverty; council housing, free school meals, the Townsend overall deprivation index, and the Jarman index.The 33 electoral wards of the city of Liverpool.344 residents of Liverpool with tuberculosis.The rate of tuberculosis was correlated with all measures of poverty, the strongest correlation being with the Jarman index (r = 0.73, p < 0.0001). This link was independent of the high rates of tuberculosis seen in ethnic minorities.Tuberculosis remains strongly associated with poverty.
Estimation of acute myocardial infarct size in man by serum CK-MB measurements.
Authors: P Grande, B F Hansen, C Christiansen, J Naestoft
Journal: Circulation (1982)

This study was performed to determine the relationship between myocardial infarct size estimated by serum CK-MB methods and the extent of irreversible injury in acute myocardial infarction. In 321 consecutive patients, infarct size was estimated by different mathematical models, and in 22 patients who died in hospital, the extent of myocardial necrosis was determined by autopsy. We also investigated the depletion of CK-MB in infarcted tissue, the recovery of CK-MB in the plasma volume, and the estimation of CK-MB from plasma. Myocardial CK-MB depletion was relatively greater in the larger infarcts, whereas the recovery of enzyme in plasma was independent of the infarct size. Correction of serum CK-MB for changes in plasma volume improved the estimate significantly (p less than 0.05). The correlation between the measured infarct size (g) and the estimated infarct size (units per liter and gram-equivalents) was highly significant (r = 0.85--0.89, SEE = 23--27%, p less than 0.001). Thus, a semiquantitative expression of the extent of myocardial necrosis can be determined in vivo.
India is set to meet target on reducing maternal mortality
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

India seems to be on track to achieve its millennium development goal of reducing maternal mortality by 75% from 1990 to 2015, figures have shown.

Data from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare1 showed that maternal mortality in India fell from 560 deaths in every 100 000 live births2 in 1990, to 301 in 100 000 during 2001-03 and to 167 in 100 000 during 2011-13. 

In 2000 a total of 189 countries pledged to transform several …
CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS INFECTION OF THE LEGS ASSOCIATED WITH CORYNEBACTERIUM ACNES
Authors: GUSTAVO NOBRE, J. BRITO CALDEIRA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS INFECTION OF THE LEGS ASSOCIATED WITH CORYNEBACTERIUM ACNES Get access GUSTAVO NOBRE, GUSTAVO NOBRE Instituto Bacteriologico Câmara Pestmia (Director: Prof. Cândido de Oliveira), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lishoa. Secção de Dermatologia, Serviço de Doenças Infecto‐Contagiosas (Director: Dr Cristiano Nina), Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. BRITO CALDEIRA J. BRITO CALDEIRA Instituto Bacteriologico Câmara Pestmia (Director: Prof. Cândido de Oliveira), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lishoa. Secção de Dermatologia, Serviço de Doenças Infecto‐Contagiosas (Director: Dr Cristiano Nina), Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 7, 1 July 1969, Pages 548–550, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16032.x Published: 01 July 1969 Article history Accepted: 01 November 1968 Published: 01 July 1969
Response: KIR/HLA incompatibility in HIV-1 transmission and importance of the ‘missing self’ model
Authors: Wim Jennes, Sonja Verheyden, Julie W. Mertens, Makhtar Camara, Moussa Seydi, Tandakha N. Dieye, Souleymane Mboup, Christian Demanet, Luc Kestens
Journal: Blood (2013)
Relationship between exercise tolerability and the dynamism of changes of selected echocardiographic parameters during long‐term observation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: D. Kosior, M. Szulc, D. Wretowski, Z. Lewandowski, A. Oreziak, P. Scislo, A. Torbicki, G. Opolski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Re-treatment of chronic hepatitis C with consensus interferon
Authors: Jenny E. Heathcote, Emmet B. Keeffe, Samuel S. Lee, Saya V. Feinman, Myron J. Tong, K. R. Reddy, Karsten Witt, Lawrence M. Blatt
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

A multicenter, open-label, phase 3 study was conducted in 337 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who had either not responded to previous interferon therapy or had relapsed after discontinuation of therapy with either consensus interferon (9 microg) or interferon alpha-2b (3 million U) three times a week for 24 weeks. Patients were randomized to receive a higher dose of consensus interferon (15 microg) administered subcutaneously three times a week for 24 or 48 weeks and then were observed for an additional 24 weeks. Patients who had relapsed after prior interferon therapy were more likely to have a sustained alanine aminotransferase response and HCV RNA response (as measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with a sensitivity of < 100 copies/mL) than were patients who had not responded to prior interferon therapy. For relapsers, the sustained HCV RNA response rate was 58% (48 weeks) and 28% (24 weeks). The sustained alanine aminotransferase response for relapsers was 52% (48 weeks) and 39% (24 weeks). The sustained HCV RNA response rate among prior nonresponders was 13% (48 weeks) and 5% (24 weeks), and the sustained alanine aminotransferase response rate for nonresponders was 17% (48 weeks) and 12% (24 weeks). The administration of 15 microg of consensus interferon was well tolerated and was not associated with an increase in the incidence of side effects. These data demonstrate that re-treatment with 15 microg of consensus interferon is safe and effective therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C who have either not responded to previous interferon therapy or relapsed after discontinuation of interferon therapy.
Does Sodium Nitroprusside Decrease the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation After Myocardial Revascularization?
Authors: Raif Cavolli, Kaan Kaya, Alp Aslan, Ozan Emiroglu, Sebnem Erturk, Ozge Korkmaz, Mehmet Oguz, Refik Tasoz, Umit Ozyurda
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) often occurs after coronary artery bypass grafting and can result in increased morbidity and mortality. In the present pilot study, our aim was to investigate whether sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as a nitric oxide donor, can reduce the frequency of post-coronary artery bypass grafting AF.To investigate the effectiveness of SNP in the prophylaxis of AF, we conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study on 100 consecutive patients in whom we performed elective and initial CABG operations. A control group of 50 patients were treated with placebo (dextrose 5% in water), whereas the SNP group (n=50 patients) was treated with SNP (0.5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) during the rewarming period. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were measured before surgery and 5 days postoperatively. All patients were monitored postoperatively with telemetry. Baseline characteristics were similar in both treatment groups. AF occurred in 12% of the SNP group and 27% of the control group. The occurrence of AF was significantly lower in the SNP group (P=0.005). The duration of AF in the SNP group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (5.33+/-1.86 and 7.55+/-1.94 hours, respectively; P=0.023). C-reactive protein levels were higher postoperatively in the control group than in the SNP group (P<0.05). Postoperative AF significantly prolonged postoperative hospital stay (P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative AF in the SNP group was reduced significantly. Further studies are needed to better delineate the anti-AF profile of SNP.
Nutrition for Athletes
Authors: George Mann
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The advice that Dr Nathan Smith (236:149, 1976) has given to athletes is in some respects unsatisfactory. I wish to comment on my differences of opinion with him.  Body composition is best changed by exercise, not by changing the amount or quality of the diet. With the rare exception of the hugely obese, children under 16 years ought not to lose weight. They should hold weight until they have grown into the appropriate degree of fatness. This is because weight loss will inevitably compromise growth, and that is not completely restorable. Thus, Dr Smith's recommendation of a 0.5- to 1-kg weight loss or gain per week is too much for youngsters.  Pharmaceuticals containing iron are rarely necessary, even for anemic women. The best source of iron is the heme in red meat or liver.  The coach and his helpers cannot and will not take dietary histories or
Does Syphilis Facilitate Sexual Acquisition of HIV?
Authors: John J. Potterat
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Minorities, especially blacks, are strikingly overrepresented in cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States.<sup>1</sup>In a recent Letter to the Editor, Mr Samuel and Dr Winkelstein<sup>2</sup>reported that established risk factors (needle sharing, promiscuity, and receptive anal/genital contact) failed to explain significant differences in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence between black and white patients in their cohort of homosexual/bisexual men. The authors recommended intensifying the search for factors to explain the increased susceptibility of blacks to HIV infection. Syphilis may qualify as an important factor. There is substantial indirect evidence to support the hypothesis that syphilis lesions facilitate transmission of HIV, an idea previously proposed.<sup>3</sup>As shown in the Table, several studies<sup>3-5</sup>have noted statistically significant differences in the proportion of HIV-infected patients bearing markers of treponemal infection, compared with their uninfected counterparts. The strength and consistency of this
Driver sleepiness and risk of serious injury to car occupants: population based case control study
Authors: J. Connor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To estimate the contribution of driver sleepiness to the causes of car crash injuries. <b>Design:</b> Population based case control study. <b>Setting:</b> Auckland region of New Zealand, April 1998 to July 1999. <b>Participants:</b> 571 car drivers involved in crashes where at least one occupant was admitted to hospital or killed (“injury crash”); 588 car drivers recruited while driving on public roads (controls), representative of all time spent driving in the study region during the study period. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Relative risk for injury crash associated with driver characteristics related to sleep, and the population attributable risk for driver sleepiness. <b>Results:</b> There was a strong association between measures of acute sleepiness and the risk of an injury crash. After adjustment for major confounders significantly increased risk was associated with drivers who identified themselves as sleepy (Stanford sleepiness score 4-7 <i>v</i> 1-3; odds ratio 8.2, 95% confidence interval 3.4 to 19.7); with drivers who reported five hours or less of sleep in the previous 24 hours compared with more than five hours (2.7, 1.4 to 5.4); and with driving between 2 am and 5 am compared with other times of day (5.6, 1.4 to 22.7). No increase in risk was associated with measures of chronic sleepiness. The population attributable risk for driving with one or more of the acute sleepiness risk factors was 19% (15% to 25%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Acute sleepiness in car drivers significantly increases the risk of a crash in which a car occupant is injured or killed. Reductions in road traffic injuries may be achieved if fewer people drive when they are sleepy or have been deprived of sleep or drive between 2 am and 5 am. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Driver sleepiness is considered a potentially important risk factor for car crashes and related injuries but the association has not been reliably quantified Published estimates of the proportion of car crashes attributable to driver sleepiness vary from about 3% to 30% <h3>What this study adds</h3> Driving while feeling sleepy, driving after five hours or less of sleep, and driving between 2 am and 5 am were associated with a substantial increase in the risk of a car crash resulting in serious injury or death Reduction in the prevalence of these three behaviours may reduce the incidence of injury crashes by up to 19%
The Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Care?
Authors: Adina Preda, Kristin Voigt
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

A growing body of empirical research examines the effects of the so-called “social determinants of health” (SDH) on health and health inequalities. Several high-profile publications have issued policy recommendations to reduce health inequalities based on a specific interpretation of this empirical research as well as a set of normative assumptions. This article questions the framework defined by these assumptions by focusing on two issues: first, the normative judgments about the (un)fairness of particular health inequalities; and second, the policy recommendations issued on this basis. We argue that the normative underpinnings of the approach are insufficiently supported and that the policy recommendations do not necessarily follow from the arguments provided. Furthermore, while many of the policies recommended—such as improving people's living conditions and reducing inequalities in wealth and power—are justified in their own right, the way these recommendations are tied to health is problematic.
Painful Sensory Neuropathy
Authors: Jerry R. Mendell, Zarife Sahenk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 67-year-old woman who had been in excellent health noticed the onset of burning pain in the left great toe two years before evaluation. The pain subsequently extended to involve both feet, from the toes to the heels, and was associated with numbness, tingling, and burning. The discomfort has become severe, is present throughout the day, and disrupts sleep. A physical examination reveals normal muscle strength, muscle-stretch reflexes, proprioception, and vibratory sensation; only pinprick sensation in the toes and feet is diminished. How should this patient be evaluated and treated?
Unusual forms of subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with solid tumors
Authors: M. Peghin, I. Ruiz-Camps, C. Garcia-Vidal, C. Cervera, J. Andreu, M. Martin, J. Gavaldá, C. Gudiol, A. Moreno, E. Felip, A. Pahissa
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Two cases of chronic graft-versus-host disease with elevated levels of soluble Fas ligand in serum
Authors: Satoru Takada, Nahoko Hatsumi, Takayuki Saito, Takahumi Matsushima, Toru Sakura, Junich Tamura, Masamitu Karasawa, Shuichi Miyawaki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

It has recently been shown that the Fas–Fas ligand (FasL) system may be one of the pathogeneses for acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and it has been reported that serum soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) increases with the presence of acute GVHD. However, there is no report on a correlation between the Fas–FasL system and chronic GVHD. We present two cases of chronic GVHD with elevated levels of serum sFasL. Its level in each case was high at the onset of chronic GVHD, but it decreased with steroid therapy. Liver dysfunction also improved as the level of serum sFasL decreased. It appears in these cases that the Fas–FasL system was related to the pathogenesis of liver damage. Am. J. Hematol. 64:133–136, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with SLE
Authors: D KUROSAKA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that adds the telomeric sequence to the terminal of chromosomes, prevents shortening of telomere, and maintains the complete telomeric structure.1It has been recently reported that an increase in telomerase activity is associated with the activation of lymphocytes,2-7 and, in general, much attention has been paid to the role of telomerase in immunopathology. Katayama et al reported the telomerase activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).8 They analysed 17 patients with SLE, and the telomerase activity in peripheral mononuclear cells was increased to 64.7%. Thus, in this study, we divided patients with SLE into treated and untreated groups, and measured the telomerase activity of peripheral mononuclear cells.

Thirteen patients with SLE (1 man, 12 women) with …
Unusual Presentation of Glioblastoma Multiforme on Serial Scintiscans
Authors: Nihal S. Gooneratne, James L. Quinn, Meline Pickus
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

An unusual case of glioblastoma multiforme, in which an initial serial brain scan showed an abnormality became normal and then reappeared with different dimensions and degree of intensity of uptake of radionuclide, is presented. Possible mechanisms for the sequential brain scan changes are discussed.