tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Salmeterol in two different doses in the treatment of nocturnal bronchial asthma poorly controlled by other therapies
Authors: P. Faurschou, A.‐M. Engel, O. C. Haanaes
Journal: Allergy (1994)

This study compared the efficacy of inhaled salmeterol (SM) 50 micrograms twice a day with SM 100 micrograms once a day (at night) and placebo in patients with poorly controlled nocturnal asthma despite treatment with corticosteroids, oral long-acting bronchodilators, or both. This was a two-center, double-blind, randomized, crossover study with three treatment periods, each of 3 weeks' duration. The first treatment period was preceded by two 1-week run-in periods, and the last treatment period was followed by a 2-week follow-up period. In the three treatment periods, patients received either SM 50 micrograms twice a day, SM 100 micrograms nightly, or placebo, in randomized order. Salbutamol metered-dose inhaler was given as relief medication. Of the 41 randomized patients, 38 were evaluable for more than one treatment period. Efficacy and safety were determined by daily record card data: morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), daytime and nighttime asthma symptom scores, and rescue salbutamol use. At clinic visits, FEV1 and FVC were measured, and the physicians' and the patients' respective assessments of the study mediation were noted. The study showed that the two doses, SM 50 micrograms twice a day and SM 100 micrograms nightly, were equally effective in controlling nocturnal asthma symptoms and were significantly better than placebo. SM was well tolerated, and no unexpected problems were revealed. The adverse events reported during this study were related either to the patient's underlying disease or to an intercurrent respiratory infection.
Review: Evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture for pain is mixed
Authors: Michael Denman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club16 August 2011Review: Evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture for pain is mixedMichael Denman, MDMichael Denman, MDNorthwick Park Hospital, Imperial College School of Medicine, Harrow, England, UK (M.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-4-201108160-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationErnst E, Lee MS, Choi T-Y. Acupuncture: does it alleviate pain and are there serious risks? A review of reviews. Pain. 2011;152:755-64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21440191Clinical Impact RatingsNeurology: Rheumatology: Reference1 Ernst E. Homeopathy, non-specific effects and good medicine. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50:1007-8. [PMID: 21076130] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Denman, MDAffiliations: Northwick Park Hospital, Imperial College School of Medicine, Harrow, England, UK (M.D.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 August 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcupuncture on GB34 activates the precentral gyrus and prefrontal cortex in Parkinson’s disease 16 August 2011Volume 155, Issue 4Page: JC2-6KeywordsAcupunctureCase seriesLibrariesPainRheumatic painRheumatoid arthritisRheumatologySafetySerious adverse eventsSystematic reviews ePublished: 16 August 2011 Issue Published: 16 August 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
DRESSING FOR HEMATOMA OF EAR
Authors: Nathan Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —I was greatly interested in Dr. Ferguson's dressing for the ear (The Journal, March 11, p. 736). However, there are some cases which will not clear up under the best pressure treatment that can be devised. Recently a piano mover injured his ear, and a hematoma developed. I aspirated the blood and applied a pressure bandage with no success. I then incised the hematoma and removed all blood clots and irrigated the cavity with an antiseptic solution, but even this failed to cure the trouble. I therefore reopened the wound and packed the cavity of the hematoma with phenol (carbolic acid) on cotton. I had first, however, applied some sterile petrolatum about the opening of the cavity. After five minutes' application, I removed the phenol pack and applied a dressing to the ear. The next day the ear was rather inflamed and swollen. The inflammation and swelling
Two-dimensional Analysis of Elements and Mononuclear Cells in Hard Metal Lung Disease
Authors: Hiroshi Moriyama, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Toshinori Takada, Takashi Shimizu, Masaki Terada, Jun-Ichi Narita, Michio Maruyama, Kouichi Watanabe, Eiichi Suzuki, Fumitake Gejyo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Hard metal lung disease is caused by exposure to hard metal, a synthetic compound that combines tungsten carbide with cobalt as well as a number of other metals. Interstitial lung disease caused by hard metal is uniquely characterized by giant cell interstitial pneumonia. The pathogenesis of hard metal lung disease is unclear.Objectives: To elucidate the distribution of inhaled hard metal and reactive inflammatory cells in biopsy lung tissue from patients with hard metal lung disease.Methods: Seventeen patients with interstitial lung disease in which tungsten was detected and five control subjects were studied. Detection and mapping of elements were performed with an electron probe microanalyzer equipped with a wavelength dispersive spectrometer. We immunohistochemically stained mononuclear cells, in tissue samples available from five patients, with anti-human CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, and CD163 antibodies, and compared the distribution of positive cells with hard metal elements.Measurements and Main Results: Thirteen of 17 patients were pathologically diagnosed as having giant cell interstitial pneumonia. Tungsten and cobalt were accumulated in the centrilobular fibrotic lesions, but were never found in the control lungs. CD8+ lymphocytes and CD163+ monocyte-macrophages were distributed predominantly in centrilobular fibrotic lesions around the hard metal elements. CD163+ colocalized with tungsten. Small numbers of CD8+ and CD163+ cells were also immunohistochemically shown in peribronchiolar areas and alveolar walls.Conclusions: Macrophages may phagocytose inhaled tungsten via CD163 and play an important role in forming the fibrotic lesion of hard metal lung disease with cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Antidepressant use has doubled in rich nations in past 10 years
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Aims:</b> To identify the content of the national postgraduate pharmacology curriculum for trainees in UK emergency medicine. <b>Methods:</b> Modified three-round iterated Delphi technique employing a participant panel of 160 randomly selected consultants in emergency medicine. Initial Delphi content was derived from objective analysis of pharmacy stock lists and patient record cards. The outcome measure was percentage agreement, among participants, to listed aspects of therapeutics as being core knowledge for autonomous clinical practice in the emergency department. A national curriculum document was derived from the study data. <b>Results:</b> Response rates ranged from 66–76% after three Delphi rounds. From an initial overall questionnaire content of 526 discrete items, 59% was retained as core knowledge following iteration. The subsequent national curriculum document acts as a resource tool both for question setting in postgraduate examinations and for self-directed trainee learning before the sitting of these examinations. <b>Conclusions:</b> Application of a national consensus methodology allows determination of curricular content in pharmacology as part of the development of a robust College educational portfolio.
Use of "Normal Range" in Multiphasic Testing
Authors: James B. Files
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The "normal range" is most useful as a standard of comparison for a given patient's laboratory result when it is derived from a homogeneous subpopulation closely matched to the patient for age, sex, and living habits. Some test values, notably urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and globulin, change with advancing age. The change seems to be due to the inadvertent inclusion of abnormal values in the preparation of the normal range. This is prabably because it is more difficult to select older individuals for optimum health. Many apparently healthy older persons are probably suffering from subclinical forms of degenerative disease. To increase sensitivity of case identification in mass-screening programs, it may be necessary to evaluate individual laboratory results against an optimum range of health rather than against the normal range as it is presently derived.
COPD exacerbations: defining their cause and prevention
Authors: Jadwiga A Wedzicha, Terence AR Seemungal
Journal: The Lancet (2007)

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are episodes of worsening of symptoms, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. COPD exacerbations are associated with increased airway and systemic inflammation and physiological changes, especially the development of hyperinflation. They are triggered mainly by respiratory viruses and bacteria, which infect the lower airway and increase airway inflammation. Some patients are particularly susceptible to exacerbations, and show worse health status and faster disease progression than those who have infrequent exacerbations. Several pharmacological interventions are effective for the reduction of exacerbation frequency and severity in COPD such as inhaled steroids, long-acting bronchodilators, and their combinations. Non-pharmacological therapies such as pulmonary rehabilitation, self-management, and home ventilatory support are becoming increasingly important, but still need to be studied in controlled trials. The future of exacerbation prevention is in assessment of optimum combinations of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies that will result in improvement of health status, and reduction of hospital admission and mortality associated with COPD.
Abstract 1836: p38α MAPK interacts with and inhibits RARα: Suppression of the kinase enhances the therapeutic activity of retinoids in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Enrico Garattini, Maurizio Gianni’, Mineko Terao, Mami Kurosaki, Gabriela Paroni, Maria Immacolata Loparco, Marco Peviani
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the only clinically useful differentiating agent, being employed in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The use of ATRA in other types of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) calls for the identification of novel strategies aimed at increasing its therapeutic activity. One possible strategy to improve the efficacy of retinoids is to identify non-retinoid compounds that enhance the activity of ATRA, focusing on the mechanisms controlling the stability/activation of the nuclear retinoid receptors expressed in the AML blast. An important mechanism modulating the activity of the RAR-containing transcriptional complexes is phosphorylation of RARs and accessory proteins, such as co-repressors and co-activators. The mitogen activated kinase p38alpha, cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) and mitogen-and stress-activated kinase (MSK1) stand out as critical determinants in the process. p38alpha is often increased and/or activated in AML blasts and it represents an important pharmacological target as well as a potential determinant of ATRA sensitivity in these cells. Here, we provide evidence that pharmacological inhibition of the mitogen-activated- protein-kinase, p38alpha, or silencing of the corresponding gene sensitizes APL and AML cell lines, as well as primary cultures of AML blasts to the anti-proliferative and cyto-differentiating activity of ATRA and synthetic retinoids. P38alpha inhibits ligand-dependent transactivation of the nuclear retinoic acid receptor, RARalpha, and the derived chimeric protein expressed in the majority of APL cases, PML-RARalpha. Inhibition is the consequence of ligand-independent binding of p38alpha which results in stabilization of RARalpha and PML-RARalpha via blockade of their constitutive degradation by the proteasome. Our data indicate that p38alpha inhibition causes a preferential increase in the relative amounts of RARalpha over those of PML-RARalpha. The inhibitory effect requires a catalytically active p38alpha and direct physical interaction with RARalpha and PML-RARalpha. Ser-369 in the E-region of RARalpha is essential for the binding of p38alpha and the ensuing functional effects on the activity of the receptor. In conclusion, our results add a further layer of complexity to the mechanisms controlling retinoid receptors’ activity and provide the rationale for the use of novel strategies in the treatment of AML patients with a cyto-differentiating approach. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1836. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1836
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinorum
Authors: Nathan Kreeger, Leon Littman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

SINCE the first report of pneumatosis cystoides intestinorum hominis by Bang1 in 1876, there have been over 250 case reports in the American and foreign literature. Hahn,2 in 1899, recognized the similarity between this disease and one in hogs, and first applied the name pneumatosis cystoides intestinorum.In 1952 Koss3 presented a comprehensive review of the subject. He noted that the disease is three and a half times more frequent in males than in females and has its highest prevalence in the third, fourth and fifth decades. The etiology has never been firmly established, although most authors believe that gas . . .
Outcome of transplantation of highly purified peripheral blood CD34+ cells with T-cell add-back compared with unmanipulated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells from HLA-identical sibling donors in patients with first chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ahmet H. Elmaagacli, Rudolf Peceny, Nina Steckel, Rudolf Trenschel, Hellmut Ottinger, Hans Grosse-Wilde, Ulrich W. Schaefer, Dietrich W. Beelen
Journal: Blood (2002)
Oestrogen as a Reticuloendothelial Stimulant in Patients with Cancer
Authors: C. J. Magarey, M. Baum
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Stimulation of reticuloendothelial activity may benefit patients with cancer. Oestrogenic compounds are known to stimulate reticuloendothelial phagocytic activity in animals and a similar effect is demonstrated in patients.The depression of reticuloendothelial phagocytic activity which follows radiotheraphy in the treatment of cancer can be prevented by the simultaneous administration of stilboestrol. Possibly this could be associated with a more favourable response to therapy, and a controlled trial is needed to establish this.
Growing algorithms from seed
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A couple of weeks ago, along with half the trade across the United Kingdom, I braced myself for our annual influx of brand new preregistration house officers. Last month's students became, however tentatively, young colleagues on the ward.

The feast of the innocents passed uneventfully, as it usually does. No serious cause for concern and, as always, a process of sussing out the new batch: who's good, who's worried, who might just turn out to be a worry in …
On Racism in Science
Authors: Nicholas M. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The paper on "Relation of Poverty and Race to Antenatal Infection," which appears elsewhere in this issue of the Journal, is at once a sociologist's and a socialist's delight, but a militant's dilemma. It is all nakedly revealed in Figure 1 of Naeye and Blanc, the authors.The point that poverty and its perquisites in perinatal morbidity and mortality are no respecters of race has been made before.1 Indeed, one aches to know if black experience with perinatal infection would have become superimposed upon white and Latin statistics if it had but attained "semiprivate and private" status. The missing . . .
Cardiovascular Control During Exercise
Authors: Flemming Dela, Thomas Mohr, Christina M.R. Jensen, Hanne L. Haahr, Niels H. Secher, Fin Biering-Sørensen, Michael Kjær
Journal: Circulation (2003)

We studied the role of the central nervous system, neural feedback from contracting skeletal muscles, and sympathetic activity to the heart in the control of heart rate and blood pressure during 2 levels of dynamic exercise.Spinal cord-injured individuals (SCI) with (paraplegia, n=4) or without (tetraplegia, n=6) sympathetic innervation to the heart performed electrically induced exercise. Responses were compared with those established by able-bodied individuals (control, n=6) performing voluntary exercise at a similar pulmonary oxygen uptake. In all subjects, cardiac output and leg blood flow increased, but in SCI they reached a maximal value. The increase in cardiac output was mainly elicited by an increase in stroke volume in individuals with tetraplegia, whereas in individuals with paraplegia it was by heart rate. The increase in SCI was slow compared with that in controls. During exercise, blood pressure was stable in controls, whereas it decreased over time in SCI and especially in individuals with tetraplegia.The autonomic nervous system provides for acceleration of the heart at the onset of exercise, but a slow increase in heart rate is established even without central command, neural feedback from working muscles, or autonomic influence on the heart. Yet an intact autonomic nervous system is a prerequisite for a large rise in cardiac output and in turn leg blood flow during exercise. Thus, when the sympathetic nervous system is injured at a level where it influences the heart, vasodilatation in working muscles challenges blood pressure.
Epidemiological Aspects of Common Infectious Diseases
Authors: J. E. Jameson
Journal: BMJ (1957)

My terms of reference are epidemiological aspects of the common infectious diseases.If I were to try to say something about all of them I should end by having said very little about any of them.I am therefore going to limit my remarks to two groups of common infections. Haemolytic StreptococcusThe first is infections caused by the haemolytic strepto- coccus belonging to Lancefield's Group A. I shall refer to this streptococcus as Streptococcus pyogenes.The com- monest infection in the group is streptococcal throat infection.When fresh cases prove to be nasal carriers the infec- tion is particularly apt to spread to others.An untreated case commonly harbours Sir.pyogenes for several weeks after clinical cure.It is not very sujrprising, therefore, that when a mass swabbing is done at a school during a fairly large outbreak most of the ambulant carriers detected are earlier victims of the outbreak who have since returned to normal school life.It may be inferred from this that I am an advocate of laboratory screening of con- valescents.That would be a correct inference within limits, but I cannot overemphasize the point that, when laboratory screening is used, findings must not be allowed to form the basis of a rigid regime of exclusion from school life.Many highly reputable institutions make no attempt to screen convalescents, and many of these fare no worse than other institutions which do make this attempt.How can these conflicting facts be reconciled ?A clue is provided by the work of Brown and Allison (1935) and others some 20 years ago.These workers made a study of scarlet fever cases in hospital.They showed that something like 50% were carrying Str.pyogenes on discharge.In spite of this
The Normal Vectorcardiogram and a System for the Classification of Vectorcardiographic Abnormalities
Authors: W. R. MILNOR
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The essentially 3-dimensional nature of the spatial vectorcardiogram (sVCG) requires that it be studied as a vector sequence in space, and not merely in its projections on the arbitrary frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes. One striking characteristic of the normal QRS sÊ-loop is that it lies approximately in a single "plane of predilection," which does not coincide with any of these 3 arbitrary planes. This paper describes the variations observed in the sVCG, recorded by a cubical lead system, with particular reference to the "QRS plane," in a group of normal subjects and suggests a system for classifying abnormalities of the sVCG, based on the QRS plane.
National Registry Seeks Scarce Data on Pregnancy Outcomes During Chemotherapy
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE EFFECTS of chemotherapy on a developing fetus can never be ascertained by. experiment—researchers would never purposefully expose a group of pregnant women to these agents. This lack of data, however, makes counseling difficult on the rare occasions when a pregnant woman needs chemotherapy to save her life, or when she discovers her pregnancy while she is undergoing chemotherapy. To assist pregnant women and their physicians during these urgent and critical situations, the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md, set up a computerized database in 1985 to glean as much knowledge as possible from the outcomes of pregnancies exposed to anticancer agents. <h3>Now at Pittsburgh</h3> Today, the registry has grown to 274 cases and is maintained at the University of Pittsburgh (Pa) Genetics Institute. Its organizers encourage health care providers who would like to register a case or obtain information from the database to call (412) 641-4168 during business hours Eastern
LIMITATIONS OF LANGE'S SILK LIGAMENTS IN PARALYTIC SURGERY AND SUBSTITUTES THEREFOR
Authors: EDWARD A. RICH
Journal: JAMA (1913)

One must acknowledge that the mechanics of the silk ligament as advocated by Lange is a distinct contribution to paralytic surgery. So practical and rational seemed the introduction of the artificial ligament, so encouraging the production of new periosteal tissue engrafted along the silk, that orthopedists generally have utilized the procedure with varying permanent success. This brief paper simply reviews my personal experiences with the silk ligament. Since the introduction of Lange's silk ligament, I have utilized it in forty-eight selected cases, modifying my technic from time to time as improvements have been suggested. I have used it most frequently in the region of the ankle, but my range includes its use in two pathologic defects of the shoulder
Treatment of distal ulcerative colitis (proctosigmoiditis) in relapse: comparison of hydrocortisone enemas and rectal hydrocortisone foam.
Authors: W S Ruddell, R J Dickinson, M F Dixon, A T Axon
Journal: Gut (1980)

Thirty patients with distal colitis (proctosigmoiditis) in relapse were randonly allocated to twice daily treatment with traditional aqueous hydrocotrisone enemas (Cortenemas) or a suspension of hydrocortisone in an inert foam base (Colifoam). Each treatment contained the same amount of hydrocortisone. Clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histological response was assessed after two weeks. Both agents were effective, and broadly similar in terms of objective improvement, but subjective improvement was greater with the foam preparation, and several patients expressed a preference to this mode of treatment.
Child Health Services in Massachusetts
Authors: James Marvin Baty, Lendon Snedeker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE American Academy of Pediatrics has completed a nation-wide study of health services for children. The findings were published by the Commonwealth Fund in April of this year, and have already led to action to improve the health of the nation's children. The study originated in 1944 when the Committee on Post-War Planning reported to the membership of the Academy on the general situation regarding the health of the country's children and recommended that a survey of existing health services be made before any future health program was undertaken. At the same time legislation was pending in Congress that threatened . . .