tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Large Arteries in Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow in Dogs
Authors: Donald D. Heistad, Melvin L. Marcus, Francois M. Abboud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Previous studies have demonstrated a significant pressure gradient from carotid artery to pial or middle cerebral arteries. This pressure gradient suggests that large cerebral arteries contribute to cerebral resistance. We have tested the hypothesis that large cerebral arteries contribute to regulation of cerebral blood flow during changes in blood gases and arterial pressure. Microspheres were used to measure brain blood flow in anesthetized dogs. Resistance of large cerebral arteries was estimated by determining the pressure gradient between common carotid and wedged vertebral artery catheters. Systemic hypercapnia and hypoxia dilated large cerebral arteries, and hypocapnia constricted large cerebral arteries. Resistance of large arteries was 0.6±0.1 (mean ± SE) mm Hg per ml/min per 100 g during normocapnia. During hypercapnia and hypoxia, large artery resistance decreased significantly to 0.2 ± 0.03 and 0.3 ± 0.05, respectively. During hypocapnia large artery resistance increased significantly to 1.0 ± 0.1. In other experiments, we found that large cerebral arteries participate in auto-regulatory responses to hemorrhagic hypotension. When arterial pressure was reduced from 110 to 58 mm Hg, autoregulation maintained cerebral blood flow constant, and resistance of large cerebral arteries decreased significantly from 1.0 ± 0.2 to 0.6 ± 0.1 mm Hg per ml/min per 100 g. In absolute terms, we calculated that 20-45% of the change in total cerebral resistance during these interventions was accounted for by changes in large artery resistance. These studies indicate that large cerebral arteries, as well as arterioles, participate actively in regulation of cerebral blood flow during changes in arterial blood gases and during autoregulatory responses to hemorrhagic hypotension.
Efficacy of Diagnostic X-ray Examination
Authors: Lee B. Lusted
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Fineberg et al (238:224, 1977) on an efficacy type study of computerized cranial tomography prompts me to point out that a large-scale study of the efficacy of diagnostic x-ray examination has been in progress since 1971 as an activity of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Committee on Efficacy Studies. Two of the ideas used by Fineberg were developed and pilot tested during 1971 to 1973 by Thornbury, Edwards, and Fryback at the University of Michigan for the ACR efficacy study: first, that efficacy should be defined as levels in a hierarchy and, second, that the impact of diagnostic test information on the physician's diagnostic opinion could be measured in terms of the physician's probability assessments of diagnoses. A final report on the first phase (efficacy 1, defined as diagnostic thinking efficacy or diagnostic efficacy) of the ACR efficacy study has been completed. Since
T1 MAPPING DOES NOT CORRELATE WITH CLINICAL AND HEMODYNAMIC FEATURES OF THE HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY PHENOTYPE IN ESTABLISHED DISEASE
Authors: Linda Chu, Celia P. Corona-Villalobos, Ihab R. Kamel, Iraklis Pozios, Lars Sorensen, Hongchang Luo, Rob Van Der Geest, Rob Van Der Geest, Neville Gai, David Bluemke, Maria Abraham, Theodore Abraham, Stefan Zimmerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
From a Woman Physician.
Authors: O. E. Worcester
Journal: JAMA (1894)

An Open Letter to Dr. W. W. Parker. Conant, Lake Co., Florida, April 6, 1894. With the courtesy of a Virginia gentleman, and there are none more courteous, and with the fairness of age and experience, will Dr. Parker listen to my story, and hear my plea, before he utters sentence against me—a woman physician? My first year as doctor was spent as interne in a hospital conducted by women for women. During the year there were nearly one hundred births, two-thirds of which were illegitimate. The rules of the institution admitted only unfortunate girls who were primipara. No mother was permitted to leave without her child, nor child without its mother, if both were living. There I heard their stories; shall I repeat them? An ignorant child of fourteen a mother! What is the age of legal consent in your State? A domestic chloroformed in an institution having male
Transmembrane diffusion of gemcitabine by a nanoparticulate squalenoyl prodrug: An original drug delivery pathway
Authors: L. Bildstein, C. Dubernet, V. Marsaud, H. Chacun, V. Nicolas, C. Gueutin, A. Sarasin, H. Bénech, S. Lepêtre-Mouelhi, D. Desmaële, P. Couvreur
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Advanced Age Is an Independent Risk Factor for Severe Infections and Mortality in Patients Given Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Mario Cottone, Anna Kohn, Marco Daperno, Alessandro Armuzzi, Luisa Guidi, Renata D'Inca, Fabrizio Bossa, Erika Angelucci, Livia Biancone, Paolo Gionchetti, Sandro Ardizzone, Claudio Papi, Walter Fries, Silvio Danese, Gabriele Riegler, Maria Cappello, Fabiana Castiglione, Vito Annese, Ambrogio Orlando
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Endoscopic Ultrasound Miniprobe-Guided Steroid Injection for Treatment of Refractory Esophageal Strictures
Authors: M. S. Bhutani, N. Usman, V. Shenoy, A. Qarqash, A. Singh, C. J. Barde, N. Gopalswamy
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Local injection of corticosteroids into refractory esophageal strictures to decrease the restenosis rate has been reported. Here we report our efforts in three patients to render the delivery of steroids more precise, by injecting them in the thickest segment of the stricture with the guidance of a high frequency ultrasound miniprobe passed through a regular upper endoscope. Steroid injection under ultrasound miniprobe guidance may be indicated for patients who do not respond to a "blind" steroid injection without miniprobe guidance.
Contamination in Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Douglas B. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article "Sources of Contamination in Open Heart Surgery" (230:1415, 1974), Kluge et al reported a 71% incidence of positive cultures from various sites during the operative procedure. When discussing possible sources for the microorganisms the authors overlooked one hidden but well-known source, the anesthetic gas machine. Morbidity and mortality due to infection acquired from anesthetic breathing circuits in patients undergoing open heart surgery has been reported previously.<sup>1,2</sup>In both of these outbreaks the offending bacteria were strains of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Respiratory tract colonization, infection, and septicemia occurred in two groups of patients undergoing open heart surgery. Phage typing allowed presumptive linkage of exposure to contaminated anesthetic equipment and subsequent infection. Both epidemics abruptly terminated on the introduction of proper sterilization procedures for the anesthetic circuits.
Give me strength or give me a reason: Self-control, religion, and the currency of reputation
Authors: Justin M. D. Harrison, Ryan McKay
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We show that Kurzban et al.'s approach illuminates the relationship between religion and self-control. Whereas resource-depletion theorists suggest religion replenishes self-control resources (“strength”), we submit that religious cues make people feel observed, giving them “reason” to persevere, and we describe an experiment that supports our interpretation. Finally, we question the claim that subjective fatigue is a signal to redeploy resources.
Global medical knowledge database is proposed
Authors: M. Dawes
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Politics surrounding last winter's flu crisis NHS's fundamental problems must be solvedEditor-The NHS Confederation and the BMA have argued that the recent problems in dealing with emergency demand conceal more fundamental problems: the NHS has too little capacity run at too high a rate of use. 1 Running hospitals at the current rates of occupancy is not efficient.Bagust et al show that hospital occupancy of more than 85% will guarantee periodic bed crises and the cancellation of hospital admissions. 2 NHS occupancy information excludes patients who stay less than one day and therefore underestimates the true picture.In critical care a growing body of evidence suggests that there is insufficient spare capacity in the system.Many NHS staff have a ridiculous workload.They are required to cope with the chaotic results of high levels of admissions and occupancy and, in particular, the problem of patients on outlying wards.There is no time for staff to muster new resources, and nurses have had the parts of their work that allowed recuperation devolved to other staff.There is growing evi-dence that these problems affect outcomes and lead to staff seeking employment elsewhere, further exacerbating the pressure on those staff who remain.These problems have arisen because for 20 years the NHS has sought to do more work for less money.The measures of efficiency used by the government have in general paid little attention to the quality of the result, although there has been more of a move in this direction recently. 3The tight finances of the NHS have meant that improvements in efficiency can lead to a dilution of quality services, overstretching staff, being slow to adopt new medicines and technology, and failing to invest in major change that could improve the quality of what we do.Unfortunately, the latest planning guidance issued by the NHS Executive requires a further 3% increase in efficiency, which could make the problems worse. 4he absence of good baseline data means that it is difficult to prove that this will cause problems, and there is a danger of appearing to complain without evidence.We need to look at the way we measure performance and relate this more closely to broader measures than simple efficiency.
Invasion of the Body: Revolutions in Surgery
Authors: Hiram C. Polk
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychological Dysfunction Accompanying Subcortical Dementias
Authors: Jeffrey L. Cummings, D. Frank Benson
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

Subcortical dementia occurs both in disorders affecting the basal ganglia (for example, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy) and in a variety of subcortical vascular, infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and traumatic conditions. The principal features of subcortical dementia include bradyphrenia, impairment of executive function, recall abnormalities, visuospatial disturbances, depression, and apathy. The syndrome contrasts with dementia of the Alzheimer type in which cortical involvement produces aphasia, combined recall and recognition deficits, and indifference. Electrophysiologic, biochemical, and metabolic studies support a distinction between subcortical and cortical dementias.
Trusts will not be able to exclude drugs approved by NICE from formularies, says Lansley
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Patients should take legal action over “illegal” refusals by NHS healthcare providers to fund treatments approved by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the institute’s chairman, Sir Michael Rawlins, has suggested.

“I would love one of the patient groups to take a trust to judicial review,” Professor Rawlins told the BMJ . “Then it would send a signal out to everybody else.”

NICE, set up to tackle the “postcode lottery” in NHS funding for treatments, assesses new drugs and other treatments for clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness. Trusts …
Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy
Authors: Masatoshi Kudo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is defined as liver cancer with vascular invasion or extrahepatic metastasis that is untreatable by local therapy. In Japan, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with interferon plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or a combination of low-dose 5-FU and cisplatin, referred to as low-dose FP, is administered for treating advanced liver cancer and yields favorable outcomes. Outside Japan, the molecular targeted agent, sorafenib, is used as a first-line treatment for advanced liver cancer. New drug development for advanced liver cancer and clinical trials on combination therapy with sorafenib and HAIC are currently underway. The prognosis of advanced liver cancer will significantly improve if these clinical trials yield positive results.
Safety and toxicity of amphotericin B in glucose 5% or intralipid 20% in neutropenic patients with pneumonia or fever of unknown origin: randomised study
Authors: P. Schoffski, M. Freund, R Wunder, D Petersen, C H Kohne, H Hecker, U Schubert, A Ganser
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To compare the feasibility of treatment, safety, and toxicity of intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate prepared in either glucose or intralipid for empirical antimycotic treatment of neutropenic cancer patients. <b>Design</b> : Single centre stratified, randomised non-blinded phase II study. <b>Setting</b> : University hospital providing tertiary clinical care. <b>Subjects</b> : 51 neutropenic patients (leukaemia (35), lymphoma (11), solid tumours (5)) with refractory fever of unknown origin (24) or pneumonia (27). <b>Interventions</b> : Amphotericin B 0.75 mg/kg/day in 250 ml glucose 5% solution or mixed with 250 ml intralipid 20%, given on eight consecutive days then alternate days, as a 1-4 hour infusion. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Feasibility of treatment, subjective tolerance (questionnaire), and objective toxicity (common toxicity criteria of the National Cancer Institute). <b>Results</b> : Study arms were balanced for age, sex, underlying malignancy, renal and liver function, and pre- and concomitant treatment with antibiotics and nephrotoxic agents. No statistically significant or clinically relevant differences were found between the treatment groups for: daily or cumulative dose and duration of treatment with amphotericin B; incidence and time of dose modifications or infusion duration changes related to toxicity; dose or duration of symptomatic support with opiates, antipyretics, or antihistamines; renal function; subjective tolerance; most common toxicity scores; course of infection; and incidence of treatment failures. Patients treated with amphotericin B in intralipid were given fewer diuretics (P&lt;0.05) and therefore had more peripheral oedema (P&lt;0.01) and needed less potassium supplementation (P&lt;0.05) than patients given amphotericin in glucose. Acute respiratory events were more common in the intralipid arm (P&lt;0.05). <b>Conclusions</b> : Amphotericin B 0.75 mg/kg/day in intralipid given on eight consecutive days then alternate days provides no benefit and is associated with potential pulmonary side effects possibly because of fat overload or an incompatibility of the two drugs.
Effect of Alcohol and Various Diseases on Leukocyte Mobilization, Phagocytosis and Intracellular Bacterial Killing
Authors: Robert G. Brayton, Peter E. Stokes, Melvin S. Schwartz, Donald B. Louria
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Alcoholics are more susceptible than the general population to pneumonia, apparently in some cases because of nutritional deficiencies. Ethyl alcohol produced a profound depression in the rate of leukocyte mobilization into traumatized skin of nutritionally normal people, and was comparable to that observed in terminal phases of medical shock. Diabetic patients showed a less marked decrease in mobilization. No significant depression of polymorphonuclear-leukocyte mobilization was found in patients with cirrhosis or uremia, in coma or undergoing prolonged general Anesthesia for major surgery. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, obtained after alcohol was given, or leukocytes exposed to alcohol in vitro showed no decrease in ability to ingest or kill ingested bacteria. Diminished leukocyte mobilization may contribute substantially to the increased susceptibility to infection in the lung parenchyma noted in alcoholics and in diabetic patients or those with severe prolonged shock.
Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography evaluation of coronary blood flow velocity in baseline conditions and during dipyridamole-induced coronary vasodilation.
Authors: S Iliceto, V Marangelli, C Memmola, P Rizzon
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Transesophageal echocardiography allows the evaluation of proximal coronary artery anatomy and coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV). To assess the potential of transesophageal echocardiography in evaluating CBFV and its variations induced by coronary-active drugs, we studied 15 patients by high-quality pulsed wave Doppler recordings of CBFV. In these patients, transesophageal Doppler evaluation of CBFV was performed before, 2 minutes after cessation of dipyridamole infusion (0.56 mg/kg in 4 minutes), and 2 minutes after aminophylline infusion (240 mg injected 4 minutes after cessation of dipyridamole infusion). The following CBFV parameters were evaluated at each of the three steps of the study protocol: maximal and mean diastolic velocities and maximal and mean systolic velocities. Furthermore, the following indexes of coronary flow reserve were evaluated: the ratio between maximal diastolic velocity recorded after and before dipyridamole administration and the ratio between mean diastolic velocity recorded after and before dipyridamole administration. Nine of the 15 patients had a normal left anterior descending coronary artery (group A), whereas the remaining six had significant (less than or equal to 75%) stenosis (group B). In group A patients, all CBFV parameters increased significantly during dipyridamole infusion and returned to near baseline values after aminophylline infusion. In group B patients, on the other hand, none of the CBFV parameters increased after dipyridamole infusion. Dipyridamole/baseline maximal diastolic velocity and mean diastolic velocity ratios were, respectively, 3.22 +/- 0.96 and 3.04 +/- 0.88 in group A and 1.46 +/- 0.45 (p less than 0.01 versus group A) and 1.48 +/- 0.49 (p less than 0.01 versus group A) in group B patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distal gastrectomy via minilaparotomy for non-overweight patients with T1N0-1 gastric cancer: Initial experience of 30 cases
Authors: Hideyuki Ishida, Toru Ishiguro, Tatsuya Miyazaki, Norimichi Okada, Kensuke Kumamoto, Keiichiro Ishibashi, Norihiro Haga
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2010)
Impact of Concurrent Diagnostic Level CT With PET/CT on the Utilization of Stand-Alone CT and MRI in the Management of Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Rathan M. Subramaniam, Ankit Agarwal, Andrew Colucci, Regan Ferraro, Vasavi Paidpally, Gustavo Mercier
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

This study aims to determine if the expansion of a PET/CT service to include simultaneous contrast-enhanced CT with PET (PET/DCT) leads to a reduction of supplemental diagnostic CT (sCT) performed within a 6-month period centered around PET/CT for initial treatment planning of patients with head and neck cancers.There were 91 patients with head and neck cancers who had a non-contrast-enhanced PET/CT with CT (PET/aCT), and 153 patients had a PET/DCT. We compared the utilization of sCT before and after PET/aCT or PET/DCT. Logistic regression analysis, unpaired t test, and analysis of variance were performed.Among the 75 patients who had sCT scans in the 3 months before their PET/CT, 44 (58.7%) scans were performed in patients who had a PET/aCT and 31 (41.3%) scans were performed in patients who had a PET/DCT (P < 0.001). Among the 36 patients who had a CT in the 3 months after their baseline PET/CT, 23 (63.9%) were performed in patients who had a baseline PET/aCT and 13 (36.1%) were performed in patients who had a baseline PET/DCT (P < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratio for performing an sCT within 3 months before and after baseline PET/DCT scan as opposed to a PET/aCT scan was 0.24 (P < 0.001) and 0.31 (P < 0.01), respectively.The opportunity to order simultaneous diagnostic CT imaging with PET/CT (PET/DCT) reduced the referrals for stand-alone CT neck imaging in the initial treatment plan of head and neck cancer patients when compared to a service that only offered the PET/CT scan with CT for attenuation correction (PET/aCT).
Decreased expression of human class II antigens on monocytes from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Increased expression with interferon-gamma.
Authors: W Heagy, V E Kelley, T B Strom, K Mayer, H M Shapiro, R Mandel, R Finberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The expression of HLA-DR (a class II histocompatibility antigen) on monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of normal individuals and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was investigated by the use of dual fluorescent staining and cytofluorometry. In animal models the absence of class II positive monocytes is linked to a failure of T cells to respond to antigens. We now report that patients with AIDS have a paucity of HLA-DR+ monocytes. The percentage of HLA-DR+ monocytes among eight normal individuals ranged from 49.3 to 95.0%+, and only one individual had less than 50% HLA-DR+ monocytes. HLA-DR expression on monocytes from homosexual male patients with lymphadenopathy was similar to that of normal subjects (range, 58.0 to 97.4%+). In contrast, seven of nine patients with AIDS had less than 50% HLA-DR+ monocytes (range, 13.4 to 78.8%+). The in vitro incubation of monocytes from AIDS patients with cloned human interferon-gamma resulted in an increase of the expression of HLA-DR to near normal levels.
Artificial Vagina Made from Loop of Ileum.
Authors: J. F. Baldwin
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Columbus, Ohio, Sept. 25, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, May 11, 1907, page 1642, you give a brief synopsis of a paper by Häberlin, in which he describes a method of making an artificial vagina by the use of a piece of intestine. As I had described precisely this same method in<i>Annals of Surgery</i>, September, 1904, I at once wrote to Dr. Häberlin, and also to the journal in which his article appeared, calling attention to my undoubted priority. (Before making my contribution I had had an expert go through the library of the Surgeon's General's office, and he had assured me that my suggestion was entirely unique.) Dr. Häberlin at once replied to my communication, acknowledging my priority, but refusing absolutely to correct the impression which his article had given as to his originality, while thus far, the journal, the<i>Centralblatt für Gynäkologie</i>, has made no