tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Misadventure During Endotracheal Anesthesia
Authors: Harry H. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An unusual accident is reported that resulted primarily from the use of improper equipment and that emphasizes the need for speed and quick decision in the handling of untoward events during the administration of anesthesia. The patient was a short, obese, barrel-chested man undergoing a right upper lobectomy. He was lying on his left side having been intubated with a No. 10 Portex tube. A cardiac monitor was in place. The anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide-oxygen and tubocurarine chloride. Ventilation was controlled with a respirator. A No. 14 French catheter, attached to the suction hose by a smooth nontapered makeshift adaptor that had been salvaged from the end of an intravenous tubing, was used to remove secretions from the endotracheal tube. This was done intermittently after preoxygenation and prior to "sighing" the patient. The surgery and anesthesia had progressed satisfactorily for 4 hours and 15 minutes.
Transformation of the Fallopian Tube Secretory Epithelium Leads to High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer in Brca;Tp53;Pten Models
Authors: Ruth Perets, Gregory A. Wyant, Katherine W. Muto, Jonathan G. Bijron, Barish B. Poole, Kenneth T. Chin, Jin Yun H. Chen, Anders W. Ohman, Corey D. Stepule, Soongu Kwak, Alison M. Karst, Michelle S. Hirsch, Sunita R. Setlur, Christopher P. Crum, Daniela M. Dinulescu, Ronny Drapkin
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)

Highlights•PAX8 can drive murine high-grade serous tumors originating in the fallopian tube•Early alterations in Brca, Tp53, and Pten lead to intraepithelial precursor lesions•Genomic analysis of Pax8-driven tumors shows strong correlation with human tumors•High-grade serous ovarian cancer can arise from the fallopian tubal secretory cellSummaryHigh-grade serous ovarian carcinoma presents significant clinical and therapeutic challenges. Although the traditional model of carcinogenesis has focused on the ovary as a tumor initiation site, recent studies suggest that there may be additional sites of origin outside the ovary, namely the secretory cells of the fallopian tube. Our study demonstrates that high-grade serous tumors can originate in fallopian tubal secretory epithelial cells and also establishes serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma as the precursor lesion to high-grade serous ovarian and peritoneal carcinomas in animal models targeting the Brca, Tp53, and Pten genes. These findings offer an avenue to address clinically important questions that are critical for cancer prevention and early detection in women carrying BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
Tc-99m HMPAO Labeled Platelets in the Detection of Left Ventricular Thrombosis Post Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: ENRIQUE PRATS, EMILIA CIVEIRA, MARIA D. ABÓS, FAUSTO GARCIA-LOPEZ, JAVIER BANZO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A left ventricular thrombosis post acute myocardial infarction was detected with Tc-99m HMPAO labeled platelet imaging. The left ventricular thrombosis was already detected on early scans, which allowed for a precise diagnosis during the first 6 hours of the study.
Points: Chlamydial infections in Papua New Guinea
Authors: W A Hart
Journal: BMJ (1987)

SIR,-On 1 December Dr Ribeiro, a general practitioner in South Africa, and his wife were shot dead in their home by armed men in disguise.Dr Ribeiro was well known in South Africa for his work on the torture of children by the South African police and army.Earlier this year Dr Ribeiro and his family had a miraculous escape after their home was attacked and destroyed by arsonists.The letter by a group of doctors
Military Medicine Undertakes Peacetime Mission, Aiding in Processing Those Fleeing From Haiti
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

AS HAITIANS take to the sea by the thousands in an attempt to gain refuge in the United States, US military medicine once again is being called upon to undertake an unusual mission. By the end of this month, according to some projections, as many as 100000 persons may flee from the reported terrorism of Haitian army officials who ousted the elected president in a coup 34 months ago, from the widespread poverty in Haiti, or in response to the Clinton administration's refugee policy, which is viewed in some quarters as being more liberal than previously. Perhaps 12 000 of these persons will be placed in temporary quarters on the US naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Beginning with the setting up of the 50-bed 6th Air Transportable Hospital from MacDill Air Force Base (AFB), Tampa, Fla, at Guantánamo Bay, US military medicine has been scrambling to meet the sudden
Separation of anxiety and depressive disorders: Normal rules of critical evaluation were presumably suspended
Authors: R. L Weeks
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Shorter and Tyrer's conclusion that failure to advance (drug) treatment of anxiety and depression is related to wrong (disease) classification seems to be based on several false premises.1​1



Figure 1

Inverse relation between number of new drugs patented for mood and anxiety disorders and number of anxiety and depressive diagnoses in DSM revisions



Firstly, precise diagnosis is possible in mental disorders.

Secondly, drug licensing authorities require disease indications in standard (coded) diagnostic terms.

Thirdly, drugs are used only to treat disease (cause) not symptoms (effect).

Fourthly, drugs are the principal treatment agent in anxiety and depression.

Diagnosis in patients, particularly in mental illness, is simply a shortcut categorisation prompting further elucidation. Full appraisal of patients in the context of their environment, beliefs, and many other factors is a more appropriate guide to therapeutic choices, of which drug treatment is only one option.

The specification of product characteristics for the benzodiazepine librium lists among its licensed indications symptomatic treatment of anxiety, anxiety with other conditions (many diseases listed here), muscle spasm, symptomatic relief of acute alcohol withdrawal.2 Clearly not the language of disease classification, this example refutes the second premise above.

Most clinicians know that anxiety and depression are symptoms (alone or together) found in situations (not necessarily disease) and conditions including schizophrenia, mood disorders, and phobic disorders. Calling symptoms disease is like telling a patient with headache that they have “cephalgia.”

I am amazed that, to pursue its otherwise excellent scrutiny of the pharmaceutical industry's influence on medical practice, the BMJ has suspended its normal rules of critical evaluation to publish this paper, which sees conspiracy where clearly none exists.
Some Issues Raised in the Training of Paraprofessional Personnel as Clinic Therapists
Authors: MARY LYNCH, ELMER A. GARDNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Since October 1966 the Temple University Community Mental Health Center has engaged in selecting and training area residents, without the usual academic credentials, to become primary therapists in psychiatric clinical settings. The six-month training period focuses on didactic curriculum, development of group process, self-image, psychological-mindedness, and those personal attributes considered characteristic of effective helpers or therapists. The authors discuss some issues that the program has raised concerning role definition, role structuring, supervision, career ladders, the credentials dilemma, and the paraprofessionals' impact on the organization.
Thank Goodness for My Ass
Authors: Therese M Zink
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TLR4 Is Necessary for Hyaluronan-mediated Airway Hyperresponsiveness after Ozone Inhalation
Authors: Stavros Garantziotis, Zhuowei Li, Erin N. Potts, James Y. Lindsey, Vandy P. Stober, Vasiliy V. Polosukhin, Timothy S. Blackwell, David A. Schwartz, W. Michael Foster, John W. Hollingsworth
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Ozone is a common environmental air pollutant that contributes to hospitalizations for respiratory illness. The mechanisms, which regulate ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, remain poorly understood. We have previously reported that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient animals are protected against ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and that hyaluronan (HA) mediates ozone-induced AHR. However, the relation between TLR4 and hyaluronan in the airway response to ozone remains unexplored.We hypothesized that HA acts as an endogenous TLR4 ligand for the development of AHR after ozone-induced environmental airway injury.TLR4-deficient and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either inhaled ozone or intratracheal HA and the inflammatory and AHR response was measured.TLR4-deficient mice have similar levels of cellular inflammation, lung injury, and soluble HA levels as those of C57BL/6 mice after inhaled ozone exposure. However, TLR4-deficient mice are partially protected from AHR after ozone exposure as well as after direct intratracheal instillation of endotoxin-free low molecular weight HA. Similar patterns of TLR4-dependent cytokines were observed in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid after exposure to either ozone or HA. Exposure to ozone increased immunohistological staining of TLR4 on lung macrophages. Furthermore, in vitro HA exposure of bone marrow-derived macrophages induced NF-kappaB and production of a similar pattern of proinflammatory cytokines in a manner dependent on TLR4.Our observations support the observation that extracellular matrix HA contributes to ozone-induced airways disease. Furthermore, our results support that TLR4 contributes to the biological response to HA by mediating both the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the development of ozone-induced AHR.
Melanotic Cancer of the Scrotum
Authors: T. B. Curling
Journal: BMJ (1849)

on account of a fungous growth on the Scrotum.The tumour was about the size of a small walnut and of a dark colour: it had an irregular granular surface, and was attached to the left side of 'the scrotum by a narrow peduncle or neck.About an inch on one side of this tumour, I observed a small dark spot, apparently produced by some black deposit beneath the epidermis, raising it a little above the on 20 August
Investigation of Failure of Artificial Pacing
Authors: E. Sowton, J. G. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Cardiac Arrhythmias-McDonald et al.JiuRnALa completely successful mitral valvotomy, or repair of an atrial septal defect, it is probably no longer needed.The effectiveness of quinidine, after conversion with direct-current shock, to lessen the relapse rate is being further studied.No complication in the present series has been serious.Extreme care is required and proper insulation of the apparatus is essential, especially when used at the time of thoracotomy.Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation after direct-current shock in dogs appear to be related to the height of the voltage and the amount of energy used (Peleska, 1963).Our present plan for version is to use no more than four shocks, with energy increasing from 150 to 250, 350, and 400 watt sec.Relapse after successful direct-current shock seems most frequent if the left atrial pressure and volume remain above normal once sinus rhythm has been restored.This may occur in mitral-valve disease and in some of the cardiomyopathies.In the patients with " lone " atrial fibrillation there has been an as yet unexplained high relapse rate.Many of the patients with cardiomyopathy have been alcoholic, and failure to remove the provocative agent may contribute to their relapse.The need to repeat the procedure frequently should not arise; if the rhythm is constantly unstable, well-controlled atrial fibrillation is prefer- able to repeated changes of rhythm.In conclusion, a new method of treating arrhythmias has proved better than old methods for many patients, and it should have an established place for future practice. SummaryFifty patients who had atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia, resistant to treatment with drugs, were treated with direct-current shock.In 43 of these sinus rhythm was success- fully achieved.The method is described and indications and contraindications for this form of treatment are given.Complications, which were few, are described.The results of a follow-up extending to nine months after successful treatment are given.
Neutrophil-Derived TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)
Authors: Yuhki Koga, Akinobu Matsuzaki, Aiko Suminoe, Hiroyoshi Hattori, Toshiro Hara
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

To detect the novel genes expressed uniquely in neutrophils and elucidate their function, the gene expression pattern was compared by using cDNA microarray containing 240 cytokine genes between the neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy human donors. Twenty-six genes, including tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), were expressed in neutrophils at a level >10 times higher than that seen in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBMCs. The amounts of mRNA and protein of TRAIL were quantified by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and ELISA, respectively. TRAIL was expressed in resting neutrophils at the mRNA and protein levels, and its expression was enhanced after stimulation with IFN-gamma. Neutrophils expressed TRAIL on the cell surface and released it into the culture media. The cytotoxicity of neutrophil-derived TRAIL against Jurkat cells was determined by flow cytometry using FITC-conjugated annexin V. When Jurkat cells were cultured with neutrophils in the presence of IFN-gamma, the number of Jurkat cells undergoing apoptosis increased, and such increase depended on the effector:target ratio. This cytotoxicity was suppressed partially by adding anti-TRAIL antibody to the media. Neutrophils may exert their own antitumor effect by TRAIL. A microarray analysis was found to be a useful tool for detecting novel genes that are suggested to play unknown roles in the neutrophil function.
Interaction of platelet-derived autotaxin with tumor integrin αVβ3 controls metastasis of breast cancer cells to bone
Authors: Raphael Leblanc, Sue-Chin Lee, Marion David, Jean-Claude Bordet, Derek D. Norman, Renukadevi Patil, Duane Miller, Debashish Sahay, Johnny Ribeiro, Philippe Clézardin, Gabor J. Tigyi, Olivier Peyruchaud
Journal: Blood (2014)
Methyprylon-Induced Bone Marrow Suppression in Siblings
Authors: Gordon D. McLaren
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Transient bone marrow suppression in two sisters followed ingestion of the sedative-hypnotic drug methyprylon. No other pharmacologic or environmental inciting factor common to both patients was identified. The mechanisms responsible could not be defined; abnormal suppression of granulocyte progenitors by the drug in vitro was not demonstrable. It is postulated that a pharmacogenetic interaction may have been responsible for methyprylon-related bone marrow suppression in these two siblings. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1744-1745, 1978)
Actinomycin and Its Effects
Authors: Larry D. Samuels
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE actinomycins, a group of closely related polypeptides produced by the actinomycetes, were discovered by Waksman and Woodruff in 1940. The members of the group are designated by appended letters; actinomycin D has been most widely studied. Waksman1 has reviewed their early history, and a symposium2 and a recent review article3 have described their effects in various systems. In initial trials as antibiotics the actinomycins showed such cytotoxicity4 that they were later investigated as antineoplastic agents; however, their therapeutic index is generally very low.Very recently, because the actinomycins were shown to produce specific biochemical effects, they have found wide . . .
Gastric emptying of solids in man.
Authors: S Holt, J Reid, T V Taylor, P Tothill, R C Heading
Journal: Gut (1982)

The influence of the type and size of solid particles on their emptying from the stomach was studied using isotopically labelled chicken liver and inert particles in normal subjects and in patients who had undergone gastric surgery. In normal subjects, initial emptying of the liver was slower than that of inert particles both for large liver cubes (1 cm) and small cubes (0.3 cm). Liver emptying subsequently accelerated to be faster than emptying of the inert particles. Overall emptying of the liver given as small cubes was faster than large cubes; 50% emptied in 50 minutes and 70 minutes respectively. In the postoperative subjects, emptying of the liver and of the inert particles was identical. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that solid foods such as liver are ground down and 'liquified' by the action of gastric peristalsis before being discharged to the duodenum. Ingested particle size appears to influence the rapidity of this process, which should be distinguished from the propulsive function of the stomach where small solid particles are concerned.
A Prospective Study Comparing Whole-Body FDG PET/CT to Combined Planar Bone Scan With 67Ga SPECT/CT in the Diagnosis of Spondylodiskitis
Authors: David Fuster, Oriol Solà, Alex Soriano, Anna Monegal, Xavier Setoain, Xavier Tomás, Sebastià Garcia, Josep Mensa, Domenico Rubello, Francesca Pons
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the usefulness of PET/CT using F-FDG in comparison to bone scan and Ga in the diagnosis of spondylodiskitis.This prospective study included 34 patients (15 women and 19 men) aged 59 (18) years with clinical symptoms of spondylodiskitis. Whole-body PET/CT and bone scan combined with planar and SPECT/CT Ga was performed in all patients. Diagnosis of spondylodiskitis was made by microbiology and/or on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings and imaging follow-up.Spondylodiskitis was confirmed in 18 of 34 patients. In the other 16 patients, spondylodiskitis was finally excluded, and the most frequent findings observed were degenerative spondyloarthropathy (n = 7), vertebral fracture (n = 3), endocarditis (n = 2), and other processes (n = 4). The sensitivity and specificity of combined bone scan and Ga were 78% and 81%, with a positive predictive value of 82%, a negative predictive value of 76%, and an overall accuracy of 79%. SPECT/CT with Ga helped identify soft tissue involvement in 10 of 18 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT were 89% and 88%, with a positive predictive value of 89%, a negative predictive value of 87%, and an overall accuracy of 88%. Concordance between Ga and PET/CT was good (κ = 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.94). PET/CT was able to detect soft tissue involvement in 12 of 18 patients. In 2 patients, a multifocality was found, which was only diagnosed by PET/CT.PET/CT is useful in the diagnosis of spondylodiskitis, with more accurate results than combined bone scan and Ga. SPECT/CT with Ga is recommended, especially when planar bone scan and Ga pattern is suggestive of spondylodiskitis.
European Association for the Study of Diabetes Annual Meeting, 2000
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

This report covers topics related to the pathogenesis of diabetes, vascular disease, and neuropathy from presentations at the 36th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), which was held in Jerusalem in September 2000.

### The Aharon Cohen Memorial Lecture.

Paul Zimmet of Melbourne, Australia, opened the meeting with the Aharon Cohen Memorial Lecture. He described the global epidemic of diabetes as a “clash between genes and the environment” that has caused one of the major public health issues of the 21st century. Given the location of the meeting in Israel, Zimmet recalled the work of Maimonedes in the 12th century, noting that diabetes was more frequent in certain geographic areas than others. Zimmet discussed the development of diabetes in ethnic groups with migration, such as the Yemenite Jews and Bedouins, who had little diabetes with traditional dietary patterns but more on exposure to modern high-calorie foods. In Australia, as in many other developed countries, the frequency of diabetes has tripled over the past several decades. A further doubling is predicted around the world over the coming decade, particularly in Asia, in association with increasing levels of obesity. Further, the age of onset of diabetes has lowered from the mid-50s to the mid-30s.

Zimmet suggested that the glucose tolerance test is still relevant to the diagnosis of diabetes. He noted that impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; a blood glucose level of 140–199 mg/dl 2 h after an oral glucose load) occurs with similar frequency in men and women, but that impaired fasting glucose (IFG; fasting blood glucose 110–125 mg/dl) is more common in women. Furthermore, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is greater for individuals with IGT than for those with IFG. Indeed, studies Zimmet performed in Mauritius, which showed a 40% increase in rates of diabetes over the past decade in individuals of …
Inhaled short acting beta agonist use in COPD and the risk of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: S Suissa
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<b>Background:</b> A recent study found that short acting β agonists used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may increase the risk of acute myocardial infarction. We investigated this hypothesis in patients with COPD already at high risk of cardiac disease. <b>Methods:</b> The Saskatchewan Health Services databases were used to form a population based cohort of all patients newly diagnosed with COPD over the age of 55 years identified between 1980 and 1997. All subjects were followed up until 1999, death, or the first occurrence of acute myocardial infarction. Those with a first acute myocardial infarction, fatal or non-fatal, were matched on calendar time and age with cohort members. <b>Results:</b> The cohort consisted of 12 090 subjects including 1127 cases with fatal or non-fatal acute myocardial infarction. The adjusted rate ratio for current use of inhaled β agonists was 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.33), and for first time use it was 1.02 (95% CI 0.52 to 2.00). There was also no significant increase in risk when the analysis was restricted to subjects with cardiac risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes, or to subjects not having been prescribed β blocker medications. <b>Conclusion:</b> Short acting inhaled β agonist use among patients with COPD does not appear to increase the risk of fatal or non-fatal acute myocardial infarction.