tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peritoneoscopic Placement of a Tenckhoff Catheter for Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: E. Brunk
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

The use of peritoneoscopic control in the placement of a Tenckhoff catheter for chronic peritoneal dialysis permits accurate positioning of the catheter. As a result, the risk of malfunction during change of dialysis fluid is considerably reduced, and prior abdominal surgery and adhesions no longer automatically represent contraindications. A special trocar permits the introduction of the catheter to be done more gently, causes less scarring, and does away with the lower Dacron cuff. This prevents the kinking of the catheter in the abdominal wall, and makes the change of dialysis fluid more convenient. In addition, the procedure takes less time to carry out, as does the removal of the catheter on termination of dialysis.
Nucleotide Substitution Models and Estimation of Phylogeny
Authors: O. Hastad, M. Bojrkland
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The nucleotide substitution matrix inferred from avian data sets using cytochrome b differs considerably from the models commonly used in phylogenetic analyses. To analyze the possible effects of this particular pattern of change in phylogeny estimation we performed a computer simulation in which we started with a real sequence and used the inferred model of change to produce a tree of 10 species. Maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and various distance methods were then used to recover the topology and the branch lengths. We used two kinds of data with varying levels of variation. In addition, we tested with the removal of third positions and different weighting schemes. At low levels of variation, MP was outstanding in recovering the topology (90% correct), while unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic average (UPGMA), regardless of distances used, was poor (40%). At the higher level, most methods had a chance of around 40%-58% of finding the true tree. However, in most cases, the trees found were only slightly wrong, with only one or a few branches misplaced. On the other hand, the use of a "wrong" model had serious effects on the estimation of branch lengths (distances). Although precision was high, accuracy was poor with most methods, giving branch lengths that were biased downward. When seeded with the true distance matrix, Fitch and NJ always found the true tree, while UPGMA frequently failed to do so. The effect of removing third positions was dramatic at low levels of variation, because only one MP program was able to find a true tree at all, albeit rarely, while none of the others ever did so. At higher levels, the situation was better, but still much worse than with the whole data set.
Deficiencies of calcium-regulatory proteins in dialysis patients: A novel concept of cardiovascular calcification in uremia
Authors: Markus Ketteler, Christoph Wanner, Thomas Metzger, Philipp Bongartz, Ralf Westenfeld, Ulrich Gladziwa, Leon J. Schurgers, Cees Vermeer, Willi Jahnen-Dechent, Jürgen Floege
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
William Herbert Baxter Ellis
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Pioneer in aviation medicine





Herbert Ellis was the first and only naval doctor to be awarded the Air Force Cross (in 1954), and he tested his mind and body—and those of his brave fellow aviators—to the limits in the pursuit of scientific knowledge. He served with the Fleet Air Arm pilots from the late 1940s to 1959, and spent seven years at the RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine, the so called Farnborough lab, in Hampshire. He flew many prototype planes and explored the physiological and psychological impacts on crew of rapidly developing technologies, including new high speed jets.

Ellis broke his neck in one experiment simulating pilots’ ability to withstand the huge G forces anticipated from the “steam catapult,” a new aircraft carrier landing device. He contributed to changes vital to the physical and physiological survival of jet pilots: breathing apparatus, helmets, clothing, and life saving equipment.1 He is perhaps best remembered for the audiosensor system he developed to assist aircraft landings, which became the modern day car parking aid.

David Bridgeman Sutton, a longtime friend, says that Ellis’s exciting naval service had to come to an end at some …
Exercise to treat depression
Authors: A. Daley, K. Jolly
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The human papillomavirus (HPV) genome is integrated into host DNA in most HPV-positive cancers, but the consequences for chromosomal integrity are unknown. Continuous long-read sequencing of oropharyngeal cancers and cancer cell lines revealed interrelated but heterogeneous genomic structures comprising repetitive patterns of concatemerized virus and host segments. Evidence of this novel form of structural variation – termed "circacatena" here -- was detected in extrachromosomal and intrachromosomal DNA and at chromosomal rearrangements. Unique breakpoint sequences shared across structurally diverse virus-host concatemers facilitated stepwise reconstruction of their evolution from common molecular ancestors. This analysis revealed that concatemerized HPV genomes are unstable and, upon insertion into and excision from chromosomes, facilitate capture, rearrangement, and rolling-circle amplification of host DNA. The data indicate that circacatena is driven by the dynamic, aberrant replication and recombination of an oncogenic DNA virus, thereby extending known consequences of HPV integration to include promotion of intratumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution.
Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Rita Littlewood Teele, Edward H. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Abdominal ultrasonic examination of babies with idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis can establish the diagnosis when careful clinical and radiographic examination fails. Clinical examination of the typical baby with pyloric stenosis reveals a palpable "olive" in the right upper quadrant.1 Classic radiographic features on upper gastrointestinal study include elongation of the pyloric channel, indentation of both duodenal bulb and gastric antrum by the pyloric mass, and gastric hyperperistalsis that stops abruptly at the pylorus.1 , 2 In some babies who do not fit this classic profile, ultrasonic examination can establish the diagnosis by demonstrating the pyloric tumor in the upper abdomen.We studied . . .
Aspirin and warfarin best for primary prevention of heart attacks
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Combined treatment with warfarin and aspirin reduces the incidence of ischaemic heart disease and prevents more deaths from myocardial infarction among men at high risk than either agent on its own, according to results of the thrombosis prevention trial.

More than 5000 men aged 45–69 years took part in the Medical Research Council's general practice based study ( Lancet 1998;351:233-41). They were randomly assigned to receive low intensity oral warfarin (4.1 mg a day on average) and aspirin (75 mg daily), active warfarin and placebo aspirin, active aspirin and placebo warfarin, or a placebo for both …
Abstract A32: Fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, Can regulate the response of ovarian carcinoma cells to radiation therapy
Authors: Jia Xie, Hilal Gurler, Maria Barbolina
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ovarian carcinoma is a leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. The current treatment, a combination of chemotherapy and radiation, fails to keep patients in remission. Therefore, mechanistical understanding of the disease and modifications of the therapy could offer benefits to overcome current problems and combat the disease. Fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) belongs to a chemokine family of G protein-coupled receptors, the most frequently and successfully drug-targeted group of proteins. Previous publications show that interaction of chemokines with their receptors plays an important role in homing distant metastasis, as well as promoting migration, adhesion, and proliferation in many types of cancer. X-Ray radiotherapy is a well-developed method of anti-cancer treatment, however, it is seldom used against ovarian carcinoma due to multiple reasons, including dose-related effects. Hence, strategies for reducing the dose of radiation while keeping its efficiency at a therapeutically effective level could provide rational for developing approaches for a more wide-spread use of this method. Our data indicate that transient downregulation of CX3CR1 in p53-null cells and p53-mutant cells but not in p53 wild-type ovarian carcinoma cell lines can lead to approximately 50% sensitization to x-ray radiation, as determined by the clonogenic assay. Importantly, our in vivo studies demonstrated that a transient downregulation of CX3CR1 in combination with x-ray radiation led to approximately 50% reduction of tumor weights compared to either downregulation of CX3CR1 or x-ray radiation alone. We are currently characterizing the detailed mechanisms behind the CX3CR1-dependent radiosensitization, including those related to changes in cell cycle progression, involvement of cellular reactive oxygen species accumulation and regulation of DNA single and double strand break repair. Taken together, our date indicate that disruption of the CX3CR1 signaling could sensitize ovarian carcinoma to radiation therapy. Citation Format: Jia Xie, Hilal Gurler, Maria Barbolina. Fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, Can regulate the response of ovarian carcinoma cells to radiation therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A32.
303 SHIFTS IN CHILD–PUGH SCORE IN PATIENTS COINFECTED WITH HIV-HCV UNDERGOING TREATMENT WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (40KD) AND RIBAVIRIN ARE NOT PREDICTIVE OF HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION
Authors: M. Sulkowski, R.T. Chung, J. Slim, L. Bhatti, R. Sterling, T. Hassanein, R. Serrñao, R. Solà, A. Bertasso, S. Stancic, M. Rodriguez-Torres
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Goals are not implied by actions, but inferred from actions and contexts
Authors: Iris van Rooij, Willem Haselager, Harold Bekkering
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract People cannot understand intentions behind observed actions by direct simulation, because goal inference is highly context dependent. Context dependency is a major source of computational intractability in traditional information-processing models. An embodied embedded view of cognition may be able to overcome this problem, but then the problem needs recognition and explication within the context of the new, layered cognitive architecture.
Stab Wounds of the Abdomen
Authors: Joseph R. Wilder
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This article reviews our experience with 403 cases of stab wounds of the abdomen, with emphasis on our policy of selective management. Forty-six percent (187) of the patients were operated on immediately because of clinical findings. Fifty-four percent (216 patients) were treated conservatively after initial evaluation, and only 4% (16 patients) required subsequent surgical intervention, with no mortalities. The overall morbidity was 9.2%, with a 1.6% mortality in the operative group. With more than 20 years of experience in the management of stab wounds, we found the selective approach to be safe and reliable.
Bone and Mineral Research, Annual 1: A Yearly Survey of Developments in the Field of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
Authors: Boy Frame
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In this volume, Dr Peck has chosen eight timely subjects in the bone and mineral field. H. DeLuca does his usual fine job of reviewing recent advances that concern vitamin D, but most of the material is readily available in other recently published sources. P. Price and J. Termine review exciting, new developments in the areas of noncollagen proteins, γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein, and osteonectin that are found in the bone matrix. These bone matrix proteins may be important in normal mineralization and may be altered by a variety of skeletal diseases. The chapter on calcitonin by Talmage et al stresses the potential role of calcitonin in relation to the gastrointestinal tract as well as to the skeletal storage of calcium in the region of the surface osteocytes. Talmage is of the opinion that calcitonin is more important in these roles rather than as a hypocalcemic or osteoclast-inhibiting factor. While the
Physician, heal thyself
Authors: T Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Last week, after ignoring a dry cough for several days, I awoke with vague central chest pains and a distinct discomfort when I breathed in. As luck would have it, I was attending a multidisciplinary conference at the local hospital. The mid-morning break found me collapsed in a chair surrounded by a gaggle of experts who had formed a committee to investigate my symptoms.

They quickly ascertained that I probably had tracheitis with a touch of pleurisy. The general practitioner advised me to go home, take paracetamol, and attend surgery in the morning if I was any worse. I said I couldn't go home …
Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic study of hepatitis B virus antigen and complete particle production in hepatitis B virus DNA transfected HepG2 cells
Authors: Philippe Roingeard, Shilun Lu, Camille Sureau, Marianne Freschlin, Brigitte Arbeille, Max Essex, Jean-Loup Romet-Lemonne
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The relationship between the presence of hepatitis B virus antigens, their localization and hepatitis B virus replication was studied in different clones of cultured HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells transfected with cloned hepatitis B virus DNA. Intracellular hepatitis B virus antigens were detected by immunofluorescence. The production of these antigens was evaluated in the culture media by enzyme–linked immunoassay. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected using dot–blot hybridization. Three types of HBeAg staining were observed in transfected HepG2 cells: (a) cells with nuclear HBcAg, (b) cells with cytoplasmic HBcAg and (c) cells with both nuclear and cytoplasmic HBcAg. Cell types b and c also expressed hepatitis B virus DNA in their culture media. Our results suggest that cytoplasmic HBcAg may be more involved than nuclear HBcAg in hepatitis B virus replication. The site of hepatitis B virus formation in hepatocytes was studied by electron microscopic examination of a specific hepatitis B virus producer clone, thereby allowing detection of intracellular Dane particles more easily than liver biopsy samples from infected patients. Dane particles and HBsAg filaments were found in large, dilated structures probably related to the endoplasmic reticulum. Budding of core particles into cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum–related structures appears to be a possible mechanism for hepatitis B virus formation; our results suggest that the exocytosis of cisternae to extracellular spaces may be a mechanism for release of hepatitis B virus particles.
Lead Aggravates Viral Disease and Represses the Antiviral Activity of Interferon Inducers
Authors: Joseph H. Gainer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Lead acetate was administered continuously in the drinking water to CD-1 male mice beginning at 4 weeks of age. An LD(10-20) of the lytic viruses or 300 plaque-forming units of RLV was inoculated intrapertioneally at 6 weeks of age. Lead increased the response of the mice to all classes of viruses against which it was tested: an RNA picornavirus-encephalomyocarditis (EMCV), a DNA herpesvirus-pseudoribies, an RNA leukemia-virus-Rauscher leukemia (RLV), an RNA arbovirus B-St. Louis encephalitis, and an RNA arbovirus A-western encephalitis. Most studies were performed between lead and EMCV. Increases in EMCV mortality in lead treated mice over controls ranged from 2x at a lead level of 0.004M to 7x (100% mortality) at a 0.1M lead level. Splenomegaly with spleens 800 to 1100 mg in weight containing high titers of RLV occurred in lead (0.03M)-treated mice 3 and 6 weeks after RLV inoculation; spleens or RLV controls were normal in weight (200 mg) and were free of virus. Lead did not reduce the protective effect of mouse interferon (IF) against the lethal action of EMCV, but it did repress the EMCV antiviral effect of poly I/poly C (PIC) and of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) against EMCV mortality. These data indicate several new facts concerning adverse effects lead may have on an animal: (1) lead aggravates viral disease, most likely in part, through reduced IF synthesis; (2) lead represses the anti-EMCV protective effects of both PIC and of NDV, which, in other reports, were shown to induce IF in radioresistant macrophages (PIC) or in radiosensitive lymphocytes (NDV); (3) lead may then be said to repress IF induction in two kinds of cells; (4) however, lead does not inhibit IF action.
Rheumatic disease following immunotherapy.
Authors: C Scheibenbogen, U Keilholz, A Pezzutto, W Hunstein
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Rheumatic disease foliowing immunotherapySir: Arthralgias and exacerbation of pre- existing arthritis are well known side effects of treatment with interferons and interleukin-2 (IL-2).'-3We report here, however, on two patients with malignant melanoma receiving immunotherapy, who developed de novo acute arthritis resembling ankylosing spondy- litis and psoriatic arthropathy, respectively.
Primary Lung Cancer in Childhood
Authors: A. Dick, H. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1946)

MEBAITSJOL 387proportion of 91 males to 7 females is due to the fact that the man more often seeks advice than does the woman because of the interference with wage-earning.The average age of the patients who came on account of intermittent claudication was 50 years, while of those suffering from gangrene the average was 56.The complications of arteriosclerosis are to be found at ages much younger than is generally supposed.Our youngest patient was a man aged 32 who came to amnputation owing to gangrene of the foot due to thrombosis of an ulcerated, calcified popliteal artery.The immediate post-operative mortality was small in view of the bad surgical risks of this type of patient.There were four deaths--one from alcoholic delirium, one from a profuse haematemesis due to a duodenal ulcer, and two from pulmonary embolism.
The Central Nervous System: Some Experimental Models of Neurological Diseases
Authors: Martin R. Krigman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This monograph is the outgrowth of a course on the pathological physiology and anatomy of the central nervous system (CSN) given at the 1967 meeting of the International Academy of Pathology. The book follows the format of the course and is divided into three sections, discussing some experimental models of neurological diseases, geographic pathology of diseases of the CNS, and methods for the study of the CNS. Each section is further divided into chapters. The course was designed to present areas of neuropathological research active and productive during the last decade. The judicious selection of the topics and the prominence of the contributors have resulted in a cohesive collection of exciting papers. In the sections dealing with experimental models and geographic pathology, the chapters are excellent reviews of specialized topics. Furthermore, the conditions discussed by the geographic pathologists may be considered as examples of naturally occurring models of disease. The
REASONS FOR ABANDONING THE URIC ACID THEORY OF GOUT
Authors: C. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1905)

IMDL JOU A 127 health, except that she had simple gottre for many years, and had been subject to occasional attacks of catarrhal cough.On January sth, l9Q2, she had an attack of vomiting, with pains in theright back, which slowly subsided.But from January 22nd to '26th she had a series of rigors in 'the daytime, followed by feverishness at night.Subsequently for ten days there recurred feverishness at night, followed by remission in the morning, the temperature ranging between g990 and 102.50, and the pulse between 6o and 68 per minute.On the fifteenth day from the first rigors, after careful examination of the patient and consultation with my friend Dr. John Davies of Aberayron, nothing could be fouind to account for the pyrexia.Noon temperature 990, pulse 56, night temperature IOIO, pulse 76.Sulphate of quinine (3 gr.every four hours), and phenacetin (5 gr. at night) were administered.On the thirtieth day, after continuance of similar symptoms, we agreed that the pyrexia was probably due to the thyroid enlargement.At noon the temperature was 1000, pulse 72, night temperature 31O.15, pulse 64.Thyroid extract was tried with phenacetin, but the same symptoms persisted till the seven'y-first day, when the circumference of the neck over the thyroid swelling measured 15 in., the swelling eextending vertically about 4 in., and the lower part of it on the left side becoming red and painful.On the eighty-eighth day-that is, three months after the first rigor- the swelling on the left side had become redder and softer, but the temperature lower and the pulse slower.After consultation with Drs.Davies of Aberayron and Evans of Green Grove, the abscess was lanced and a considerable quantity of pus escaped.A large drainage tube was introduced into the wound, and it was dressed antiseptically.This operation gave considerable relief to the patient, and she improved much in appearance, but the temperature became subnormal afterwards for some days.The wound continued to discharge, and did mot finally heal until three months after opening, but the affected side of the thyroid tumour disappeared entirely, and the patient recovered ter usual health.November 26th, 1904 (sixteen months after the last report).The general health of this lady has continued very satisfactory.There is no perceptible swelling on the left side of the neck, and the swelling -on the right side is much diminished, being less than a hen's egg in size.The circumference of the neck over the tumour now measures only t 2i in., being 2k in.less than it was a week before the abscess was opened.CASE II.Mr. G.J. D., aged 42, occupation schoolmaster, had an enlarged thyroid (goitre) for many years which used to swell and become irritable with colds, etc.; otherwise he had been in good health.On July zirth, 1903, he was first attended by me, having been ailing for two or three days, suffering from feverishness, with pains in the head, erythema on the left elbow, and other symptoms, which were -concluded to be owing to influenza.le was treated with aperients,
SAMARIUM-153 EDTMP
Authors: S. Carichner, J. F. Eary, C. Collins, C. Nemiroff, K. Richter, D. Lewis, F. Appelbaum
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Carichner, S.; Eary, J. F.; Collins, C.; Nemiroff, C.; Richter, K.; Lewis, D.; Appelbaum, F. Author Information
A 26-Year-Old Woman Seeking an Abortion
Authors: David A. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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