tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of perfusion defects by thallium-201 single photon emission tomography following oral dipyridamole early after coronary angioplasty
Authors: Avanindra Jain, John J Mahmarian, Salvador Borges-Neto, Donald L Johnston, W.Richard Cashion, John M Lewis, Albert E Raizner, Mario S Verani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Comparison of Carvedilol, Nebivolol and Metoprolol for the Prevention of Contrast Induced Nephropathy
Authors: Çağdaş Akgüllü, Ufuk Eryılmaz, Ahmet Huyut, Tolga Hekim, Hasan Güngör, Cemil Zencir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Doctors' drinking habits and consumption of alcohol.
Authors: J. Juntunen, S. Asp, M. Olkinuora, M. Aarimaa, L. Strid, K. Kauttu
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Alcohol consumption and drinking habits among Finnish doctors were studied as part of a survey of stress and burnout. A questionnaire containing 99 questions or groups of questions was sent to all 3496 practising doctors aged under 66 randomly selected from the registry of the Finnish Medical Association. Altogether 2671 doctors (76%) responded; this sample was representative of the Finnish medical profession. The average weekly consumption of alcohol during the past year and various aspects of drinking behaviour were assessed, and the presence or absence of symptoms and diseases often encountered among heavy drinkers and addicts was determined. The data were analysed separately for men and women, for those aged less than or equal to 40 and greater than 40, and for the men with high and low alcohol consumption and with high and low scores on the index of drinking habits. Selected variables related to work, stress, and coping were correlated with alcohol consumption and drinking behaviour. The median consumption of alcohol among male doctors was 4876 g (6.2 litres) and among female doctors 2226 g (2.8 litres) of absolute alcohol per person per year and was higher in those aged over 40. Beer was most commonly drunk by men and wine by women. Increased alcohol consumption was associated with older age, disappointment with career, heavy smoking, use of benzodiazepines, stress and burnout symptoms, suicidal thoughts, general dissatisfaction, and diseases related to alcohol. Drinking habits were heavier among doctors working in community health centres, those taking long sick leaves, younger doctors disappointed with their careers or the atmosphere at work, and older doctors immersed in their work. Alcohol consumption among doctors seems to be higher than that of the general population in Finland, and heavy drinking seems to be associated with stress and burnout.
Cardioprotective effects of lidoflazine during 1-hour normothermic global ischemia.
Authors: W Flameng, W Daenen, M Borgers, F Thone, R Xhonneux, A van de Water, H van Belle
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The cardioprotective effects of lidoflazine, a drug with calcium homeostatic properties, were investigated in dogs subjected to 1 hour of normothermic global ischemia, followed by reperfusion. None of the eight control dogs could be weaned from the extracorporeal bypass, confirming the severity of the ischemic model. All eight acutely pretreated dogs showed rapid recovery from the prolonged ischemic arrest and could support their own circulation. Recovery of preischemic values was 95% for systolic aortic pressure, 71% for diastolic aortic pressure, 99% for left ventricular dP/dt max and 80% for cardiac output. Light and electron microscopy and calcium cytochemistry were performed on left ventricular biopsies taken before, during and after ischemic arrest. In the control dogs, loss of structural integrity of the sarcolemma and mitochondria was prominent at the end of the ischemic period. Intracellular edema, hypercontraction of sarcomeres and great accumulation of calcium in severely damaged mitochondria occurred after 5 and 30 minutes of reperfusion. In the lidoflazine-treated dogs, such lesions were largely prevented during the ischemic period and completely reversed after reperfusion. These observations suggest that the tolerance of ischemia is markedly augmented by lidoflazine.
Hypoglycemic effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice lacking insulin receptors.
Authors: G Di Cola, M H Cool, D Accili
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We have investigated the metabolic actions of recombinant human IGF-1 in mice genetically deficient of insulin receptors (IR-/-). After intraperitoneal administration, IGF-1 caused a prompt and sustained decrease of plasma glucose levels in IR-/- mice. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations were unaffected. Interestingly, the effects of IGF-1 were identical in normal mice (IR+/+) and in IR-/- mice. Despite decreased glucose levels, IR-/- mice treated with IGF-1 died within 2-3 d of birth, like sham-treated IR-/- controls. In skeletal muscle, IGF-1 treatment caused phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptors and increased the levels of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p85 subunit detected in antiphosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates, consistent with the possibility that IGF-1 stimulates glucose uptake in a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent manner. IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation and coimmunoprecipitation of phosphatidylinositol3-kinase by antiphosphotyrosine antibodies was also observed in liver, and was associated with a decrease in mRNA levels of the key gluconeogenetic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Thus, the effect of IGF-1 on plasma glucose levels may be accounted for by increased peripheral glucose use and by inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. These data indicate that IGF-1 can mimic insulin's effects on glucose metabolism by acting through its own receptor. The failure of IGF-1 to rescue the lethal phenotype due to lack of insulin receptors suggests that IGF-1 receptors cannot effectively mediate all the metabolic actions of insulin receptors.
The correlation between myocardial perfusion and function regionally assessed by quantitative gated sestamibi tomography in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: T. Nakata, H. Kobayashi, K Miyamoto, H. Ohiwa, T. Noto, M. Yamagishi, K. Tsuchihashi, K. Shimamoto, J.E. Udelson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Traumatic dislocation of the hip in mini rugby.
Authors: D Rees, S K Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Previous reports of peripheral nerve lesions in haemophilia have only rarely recorded or recommended surgery.Ehrman found that 37 5%, of peripheral nerve lesions in his study showed only partial or no recovery.'The rapid and complete clinical recovery shown in this case suggests that when intraneural haemorrhage is possible early surgical decompression with adequate factor VIII replacement is the treatment of choice.
A Case of Extraosseous Uptake with Bone Scintigraphy of Angiolipoma Masses
Authors: A. LOBOGUERRERO, C. GIBOLD, G. BIAUNIE, J. C. LIEHN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The case of a 32-year-old man with large masses in both thighs is reported. Tc-99m HMDP scintigraphy showed increased radionuclide activity in these soft tissue lesions. The bone uptake was normal. After surgical resection, the histological diagnosis was two benign angiolipomas of five kilograms each.
Recombinant Viral Vaccines Expressing Merozoite Surface Protein-1 Induce Antibody- and T Cell-Mediated Multistage Protection against Malaria
Authors: Simon J. Draper, Anna L. Goodman, Sumi Biswas, Emily K. Forbes, Anne C. Moore, Sarah C. Gilbert, Adrian V.S. Hill
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)

Protecting against both liver and blood stages of infection is a long-sought goal of malaria vaccine design. Recently, we described the use of replication-defective viral vaccine vectors expressing the malaria antigen merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) as an antimalarial vaccine strategy that elicits potent and protective antibody responses against blood-stage parasites. Here, we show that vaccine-induced MSP-1-specific CD4+ T cells provide essential help for protective B cell responses, and CD8+ T cells mediate significant antiparasitic activity against liver-stage parasites. Enhanced survival is subsequently seen in immunized mice following challenge with sporozoites, which mimics the natural route of infection more closely than when using infected red blood cells. This effect is evident both in the presence and absence of protective antibodies and is associated with decreased parasite burden in the liver followed by enhanced induction of the cytokine IFN-γ in the serum. Multistage immunity against malaria can thus be achieved by using viral vectors recombinant for MSP-1.
The Oslerian tradition.
Authors: G. Keynes
Journal: BMJ (1968)

on 29 Deoember 1919, nearly 50 years ago.He was born in Canda in July 1849, so that his life spanned the reigns of Queen Victoria, King Edwd, and King George.Anyone, therefore, who enoyed hb friendship during the last 14 years of his life in-Oxford is likely to be 80 years old or nore.I was privileged to be one of these,,and it is probably for this reason that our President has asked me to delive'this oration.I He had, indeed, little choice he wished to employ one of oskes friends Tor the task.I think he should really have asked our revered friend Sir Arthur AcNalty to call upon his memories, for he knew Osler for sevral years before he came into my life.However, r could not refuse so honourab a assignment, and I vill do my best to -ive some idea of Oser as.I knew him,-and to suggest why fe, Oslerian Tradition iS
Somatostatin Leads to Glucagon's Renaissance
Authors: C.J. Goodner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

In mammals, selective insulin deficiency, whether induced by administering alloxan or streptozotocin or by infusion of insulin antiserum, produces the same pattern of metabolic change as surgical pancreatectomy, a circumstance in which both insulin and glucagon-secreting cells have been removed. From these observations it became widely accepted that insulin lack plays the primary part in the acute diabetic syndrome of hyperglycemia, increased mobilization of lipids and ketogenesis. In birds and reptiles the islets of Langerhans are rich in glucagon, and, in contrast to mammals, total pancreatectomy results in hypoglycemia. It was concluded that in these two classes, glucagon had the . . .
Book Review GERD: Reflux to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma By Parakrama T. Chandrasoma and Tom R. DeMeester. 447 pp., illustrated. San Diego, CA, Elsevier Academic Press, 2006. $99.95. 978-0-12-369416-4
Authors: Subhas Banerjee, Jacques Van Dam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Studies in the Distribution of Body Fat
Authors: Hiroshi Shimokata
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Cross-sectional associations between smoking habits, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were examined in 1122 men aged 19 to 102 years. Weight and body mass index were significantly lower in cigarette smokers than in nonsmokers when age was taken into account. The WHR in smokers was significantly higher than in nonsmokers. A graded dose-response relationship was found between the number of cigarettes smoked and the WHR. Longitudinal associations between changes in smoking habits and changes in the WHR were examined during follow-up visits. In the period between these pairs of visits, weight increased when subjects quit smoking and decreased when they started smoking, as expected. The increase in WHR among those who quit smoking was, however, significantly less than the expected increase if smoking had continued. The WHR in those who started smoking actually increased despite their loss of weight. These paradoxical changes in WHR indicate that there are harmful effects of cigarette smoking on the pattern of distribution of body fat. These facts introduce still another reason to suggest that the decision to initiate or to continue smoking to control body weight is unwise.
p38 MAPK in Pancreatic Cancer: Finding a Protective Needle in the Haystack
Authors: Murray Korc
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Activated p38 MAPK alpha (pp38α) is a good prognostic marker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that could be used to personalize therapy. pp38α suppresses JNK-mediated proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. These findings support the testing of combination therapies that include JNK targeting and/or suppressing negative regulators of pp38α.
Drug development means economics in the end
Authors: S. Senn
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Garattini and Liberati state, “Millions of people suffer from tropical diseases (malaria, leprosy, schistosomiasis), and yet no one designs realistic strategies to tackle them.”1 But surely the authors are being either naive or disingenuous if they think that the cure for this is to take the responsibility for drug development from those who answer to Wall Street to those who answer to Brussels. Would we not still see breast cancer, heart …
Advising women on which pill to take
Authors: J. Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Serum vitamin A concentrations were measured in 38 patients undergoing haemodialysis, 24 of whom were taking multivitamin preparations containing vitamin A. Vitamin A concentrations were significantly higher in patients undergoing haemodialysis than in 28 normal controls (p less than 0.001). Patients taking vitamin A supplements had significantly higher vitamin A concentrations than those not taking them (p less than 0.05), and hypercalcaemic patients had higher concentrations than normocalcaemic patients (p less than 0.005). Withdrawal of vitamin A supplements in seven patients caused significant falls in serum vitamin A concentrations and plasma calcium concentrations (p less than 0.01 at two and three months in both cases) and in plasma alkaline phosphatase concentrations (p less than 0.01 at two months). Vitamin A toxicity can contribute to hypercalcaemia in patients undergoing haemodialysis, probably by an osteolytic effect. Multivitamin preparations containing vitamin A should therefore be prescribed with caution in these patients.
The Problem of Arsenic in American Cigarette Tobacco
Authors: Henry S. Satterlee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

OFFICIAL declassification of tobacco as a drug, by its removal from the United States Pharma-copoeia, definitively exempted all tobacco products from control under the Pure Food and Drug Law of 1906, and so established a legal obstacle to protection of the consumer from poisonous impurities in cigarette smoke.Thus were planted, fifty years ago, the seeds of a public-health problem that took root and developed so gradually that it was unnoticed until the report of Remington1 in 1927. Since then, its progress has been noted at intervals,2 3 4 but it has received little attention and no effective effort toward solution has . . .
Stimulation of phospholipid N-methylation by isoproterenol in rat hearts.
Authors: Y Taira, V Panagia, K R Shah, R E Beamish, N S Dhalla
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) N-methyltransferase activities were studied in rat heart sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic reticular fractions after a single intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (0.5-5.0 mg/kg). Three active sites (I, II, and III) for PtdEtn N-methylation were assayed by measurement of [3H]methyl group incorporation from 0.055, 10, and 150 microM S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine into membrane PtdEtn molecules. Total methylation activity for catalytic site I of both sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum was stimulated within 2 minutes by isoproterenol in a dose-dependent manner. Although the increased methyltransferase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum was normalized at 10 minutes, the enzyme activity in sarcolemma was normalized at 5 minutes but was again increased at 10-30 minutes after isoproterenol injection. No changes in response to isoproterenol were seen for site II and III N-methylation activities in either membrane. Individual N-methylated phospholipids (phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine), which specifically formed at each site, showed similar behavior. Pretreatment of the animals with a beta-blocking drug, atenolol, for 2 days prevented the isoproterenol-induced changes in hemodynamic parameters and sarcolemmal methylation without affecting the enhanced methylation activities in sarcoplasmic reticulum. In vitro addition of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (catalytic subunit) plus Mg-ATP enhanced methyltransferase activities in sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum from control hearts by 2.7- and 2.3-fold, respectively; however, under the same in vitro conditions, only about 20% activation was seen in both subcellular membranes isolated from the heart of isoproterenol-injected animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular Targets of Antiviral Therapy
Authors: C S Crumpacker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

THE development of specific antiviral drugs that are minimally toxic to normal cells has ushered in a new era of antiviral therapy. The advent of this therapy is especially timely in the light of the threat to the lives of immunocompromised patients from cytomegalovirus infection,1 , 2 the increasing morbidity of recurrent genital herpes simplex infection,3 and most notably, the rising epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a lethal retroviral infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).4 In theory, antiviral drugs work by interacting directly with the virus, with a viral-encoded enzyme or other protein, or with a cellular . . .
Problems With Balloon-Tipped Stylet Pacemaker Catheters
Authors: Ronald Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Balloon-tipped stylet pacemaker catheters have two intraluminal styletrelated limitations that warrant extreme caution in their use. The first limitation involves manipulation of the stylet inside the catheter and appears to be a consequence of the angulation made by the catheter in the right atrium; the second limitation is a complication involving actual in vivo fracture of the stylet and is presumably related to tapering of the stylet at a point of stress in the right atrium. Although these pacemaker catheters have distinct advantages, the problems arising from their use cannot be ignored. Until modification can be made to resolve these problems, this catheter must be used with extreme caution. (<i>JAMA</i>235:51-52, 1976)
Psychoanalysis and Current Biological Thought
Authors: Martin Grotjahn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

As a rule, a book reporting on scientific proceedings does not amount to good reading enjoyment. This book, however, the proceedings of an interdisciplinary research conference sponsored by the Wisconsin Psychiatric Institute and the department of psychiatry of the University of Wisconsin Medical Center, June 1963, is different: it carries the flavor of meeting a group of outstanding thinkers and following them in their ways of thinking, working, gaining knowledge and insight into the basic assumptions of psychoanalysis and the facts of biology. Critics of analytic theory and frequently even its defenders do not display the kind of mastery of psychoanalytic theory and its complex developmental history which is needed for fruitful discussion. When criticism is advanced it is often emotional or not backed up by evidence or by efforts to illuminate difficulties. Here the authors have been chosen from many fields, but all are research-oriented and inspired by psychoanalytic
Does anaemia increase the risks to the fetus caused by smoking in pregnancy?
Authors: T G Dow, P J Rooney, M Spence
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A significantly greater rise in carboxyhaemoglobin concentration in response to smoking a single cigarette was shown in pregnant (3-9% increase) as opposed to non-pregnant (2-1% increase) women. This was more pronounced when anaemia was present (5-0% increase) and appeared to be inversely related to the haemoglobin concentration. We suggest that the risks to the fetus may be particularly increased when anaemia complicates pregnancy in women who smoke cigarettes.
Minimization of modal contours: An instance of an evolutionary internalized geometric regularity?
Authors: Giorgio Vallortigara, Luca Tommasi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The stratification in depth of chromatically homogeneous overlapping figures depends on a minimization rule which assigns the status of being “in front” to the figure that requires the formation of shorter modal contours. This rule has been proven valid also in birds, whose visual neuroanatomy is radically different from that of other mammals, thus suggesting an example of evolutionary convergence toward a perceptual universal. [Shepard]
NADPH oxidase 4 limits bone mass by promoting osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Claudia Goettsch, Andrea Babelova, Olivia Trummer, Reinhold G. Erben, Martina Rauner, Stefan Rammelt, Norbert Weissmann, Valeska Weinberger, Sebastian Benkhoff, Marian Kampschulte, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Lorenz C. Hofbauer, Ralf P. Brandes, Katrin SchrÃ¶der
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

ROS are implicated in bone diseases. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), a constitutively active enzymatic source of ROS, may contribute to the development of such disorders. Therefore, we studied the role of NOX4 in bone homeostasis. Nox4(-/-) mice displayed higher bone density and reduced numbers and markers of osteoclasts. Ex vivo, differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts with RANKL and M-CSF induced Nox4 expression. Loss of NOX4 activity attenuated osteoclastogenesis, which was accompanied by impaired activation of RANKL-induced NFATc1 and c-JUN. In an in vivo model of murine ovariectomy–induced osteoporosis, pharmacological inhibition or acute genetic knockdown of Nox4 mitigated loss of trabecular bone. Human bone obtained from patients with increased osteoclast activity exhibited increased NOX4 expression. Moreover, a SNP of NOX4 was associated with elevated circulating markers of bone turnover and reduced bone density in women. Thus, NOX4 is involved in bone loss and represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Renal Failure, Metastatic Calcification and Ureteral Reflux. Health of the Campus Community
Authors: Maurice B. Strauss, Robert E. Scully, Maurice M. Osborne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

During an earlier era in which "mens sana in corpore sano" was taken seriously, it was believed that health, learning and one's way of life were firmly inter-related. Since then the health programs on most American campuses, along with medicine in general, turned their attention to the scientific attack upon disease that technical progress has made possible. Though the achievements have been large, the preoccupation with scientific, disease-oriented medicine has by its very success encouraged professional isolation from other medically related aspects of the human condition. Where we as physicians should be working with others, in and out of the . . .
Leukocyte Abnormalities in Familial Amaurotic Idiocy
Authors: Jonas C. Strouth, Wolfgang Zeman, A. Donald Merritt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

A SYSTEMATIC search for morphologic abnormalities in the peripheral blood elements of patients with diffuse degenerative diseases of the brain has resulted in the discovery of abnormal granules in the leukocytes of several patients with familial amaurotic idiocy. Their parents, some of their siblings and other blood relatives displayed the same abnormality. The implications of these findings will be discussed.The terminology of this condition is confused, and the nosologic position of its various forms is conjectural. Table 1 clarifies the problem and shows how the various names are used in this paper.Materials and MethodsPeripheral blood smears on cover slips . . .