tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Salmonella Gastroenteritis in Older Patients
Authors: M. IAN BOWMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1979Salmonella Gastroenteritis in Older PatientsM. IAN BOWMER, M.D.M. IAN BOWMER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-855_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the recent paper by Cohen and colleagues in the December 1978 issue (1) but was extremely concerned about their final statement that antibiotics may be indicated for the treatment of acute salmonella gastroenteritis in patients older than 50 years. Although their retrospective study does appear to identify this age group as being at high risk for endothelial infection, their criteria for selection identified only adult patients with bacteremia. We are not given the total number of patients with salmonella gastroenteritis for the same period and, specifically, the number of patients who are older...References1. COHENO'BRIENSCHOENBAUMMEDEIROS PTSA: The risk of endothelial infection in adults with salmonella bacteremia. Ann Intern Med 89:931-932, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. CHERUBINNEUIMPERATOHARVEYBETTEN CHPRN: Septicemia with non-typhoid salmonella. Medicine (Baltimore) 53:365-376, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ASERKOFFBENNETT BJ: Effect of antibiotic therapy in acute salmonellosis on fecal excretion of salmonellae. N Engl J Med 281:636-640, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NF A1B 3V6, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLiteraturverzeichnisSeptic arteritis complicating salmonellosis.Salmonella and Shigella Infections in Switzerland, with Special Reference to Typhoid Vaccination for Travellers 1 May 1979Volume 90, Issue 5Page: 855-855KeywordsAge groupsAntibioticsBacteremiaGastroenteritisRetrospective studiesSalmonella Issue Published: 1 May 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Frequency and Costs of Diagnostic Imaging in Office Practice — A Comparison of Self-Referring and Radiologist-Referring Physicians
Authors: Bruce J. Hillman, Catherine A. Joseph, Michael R. Mabry, Jonathan H. Sunshine, Stephen D. Kennedy, Monica Noether
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

To assess possible differences in physicians' practices with respect to diagnostic imaging, we compared the frequency and costs of imaging examinations as performed by primary physicians who used imaging equipment in their offices (self-referring) and as ordered by physicians who always referred patients to radiologists (radiologist-referring).
TC-99M GALACTOSYL-NEOGLYCOALBUMIN (TC-NGA)
Authors: Robert C. Stadalnik, David R. Vera, Lois F. O??Grady, Robert E. Quadro, Paul O. Scheibe, Kenneth A. Krohn, Dusan P. Hutak
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Stadalnik, Robert C.; Vera, David R.; O'Grady, Lois F.; Quadro, Robert E.; Scheibe, Paul O.; Krohn, Kenneth A.; Hutak, Dusan P. Author Information
Toxicogenomics research consortium sails into uncharted waters.
Authors: Jennifer Medlin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In the current state of gene expression technology, there are various methodologies for assessing gene expression, making it difficult to compare and compile data across laboratories and investigators.To stretch research dollars and coordinate research efforts among scientists who are using genomics to better understand environmental effects on human health, the NIEHS Division of Extramural Research and Training last year funded a $37 million partnership called the Toxicogenomics Research Consortium (TRC).The idea is simple, yet powerful: the synchronization of research efforts of many scientists in various locations promises to produce high-quality results faster and more reliably than isolated research teams working alone.This consortium merges the efforts of investigators with similar environmental health research goals from the NIEHS Microarray Center and five of the country's leading academic
Abstract 5563: The anti-cancer and anti-hyperlipidemia effects of triterpenoids from <i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> in the Apcmin/+ mouse model
Authors: William Chi-Shing Tai, Wing Yan Wong, Yu Wang, Wen-Luan Wendy Hsiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Apcmin/+ mice, a commonly used mouse model for colorectal cancer, manifest both high number of intestinal polyps and hyperlipidemia, which make the min/+ mouse an ideal animal model for drug intervention studies for both hyperlipidemia and colorectal cancer Triterpenoids, produced in many plants, are widely used in Asian medicine. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Gp), also called jiaogulan, is a rich source of dammarane-type triterpenoids and is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases including cancer and hyperlipidemia. However, the proven efficacy and the underlying mechanism have not been investigated systematically. Using the Apcmin/+ mouse as the animal model, treatment with Gp total triterpenoids (GpMix) markedly reduce the numbers and sizes of polyps. In conjunction with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the size and numbers of polyps of the treated animals were further reduced. Besides the anti-cancer effect of GpMix, we have also shown that the GpMix can effectively suppress the plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels in Apcmin/+ mice. To delineate the precise mechanisms of the anti-cancer and anti-hyperlipidemia effects of GpMix, we performed molecular and proteomic analysis of the plasma obtained from animals treated with and without GpMix. Results showed that lipoprotein lipase, PPARα and adiponectin are upregulated and HMG-CoA reductase is down-regulated upon GpMix treatment. Plasma protein profiling revealed that several downregulated proteins are directly related to cancer, inflammatory, cell proliferation, including serum amyloid A1 and A2, serum amyloid P-component, major urinary proteins, glutathione peroxidase 3, complement C3 and serotransferrin. In the same treated animals, four lipogenesis proteins including apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-II, apolipoprotein A-IV, and apolipoprotein C-III by which the activity of lipoprotein lipase is tightly regulated are downregulated. These protein profiling data, together with the adipocyte-specific signaling data shown above provide solid evidence of the anti-cancer and anti-hyperlipidemia effects of GpMix. [This study was financially supported by Research Grants Council of Hong Kong under HKBU2/07C and FRG/07-08/II-50 and FRG/08-09/II-61 Grants to WLWH.] Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5563.
Thallotoxicosis
Authors: Dwayne Reed, James Crawley, Stanley N. Faro, Samuel J. Pieper, Leonard T. Kurland
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Seventy-two children who ingested thallium-sulphate-containing pesticides between 1954 and 1959 were followed up from 6 months to 7 years to determine the long-term consequences. Thallium sulphate poisoning was responsible for the deaths of 9 of the 72 children, and for persistent neurological damage in 26. The clinical features of the acute stage were correlated with the follow-up status to evaluate which features may aid in judging prognosis. Gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiovascular abnormalities, coma, convulsions, and mental aberration were found to be prognostically unfavorable. An analysis of the various forms of antidote therapy revealed that they were apparently no more effective than symptomatic treatment.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Levels in the Blood of Pregnant Women Living in an Agricultural Community in California
Authors: Asa Bradman, Laura Fenster, Andreas Sjödin, Richard S. Jones, Donald G. Patterson, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundRecent studies have raised concerns about polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardant exposures to pregnant women and women of child-bearing age in the United States. Few studies have measured PBDEs in immigrant populations.ObjectivesOur goal was to characterize levels of seven PBDE congeners, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-153, and polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)-153 in plasma from 24 pregnant women of Mexican descent living in an agricultural community in California.ResultsThe median concentration of the sum of the PBDE congeners was 21 ng/g lipid and ranged from 5.3 to 320 ng/g lipid. Consistent with other studies, 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) was found at the highest concentration (median = 11 ng/g lipid; range, 2.5–205) followed by 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromobiphenyl (BDE-99) (median = 2.9 ng/g lipid; range, 0.5–54), 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentaBDE (BDE-100) (median = 1.8 ng/g lipid; range, 0.6–44), and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexaBDE (BDE-153) (median = 1.5 ng/g lipid; range, 0.4–35). Levels of PCB-153 (median= 4.4 ng/g lipid; range, < 2–75) were lower than U.S. averages and uncorrelated with PBDE levels, suggesting different exposure routes.ConclusionsThe overall levels of PBDEs found were lower than levels observed in other U.S. populations, although still higher than those observed previously in Europe or Japan. The upper range of exposure is similar to what has been reported in other U.S. populations. PBDEs have been associated with adverse developmental effects in animals. Future studies are needed to determine the sources and pathways of PBDE exposures and whether these exposures have adverse effects on human health.
Neuropilin-1 mediates myeloid cell chemoattraction and influences retinal neuroimmune crosstalk
Authors: Agnieszka Dejda, Gaelle Mawambo, Agustin Cerani, Khalil Miloudi, Zhuo Shao, Jean-Francois Daudelin, Salix Boulet, Malika Oubaha, Felix Beaudoin, Naoufal Akla, Sullivan Henriques, Catherine Menard, Andreas Stahl, Jean-Sébastien Delisle, Flavio A. Rezende, Nathalie Labrecque, Przemyslaw Sapieha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Immunological activity in the CNS is largely dependent on an innate immune response and is heightened in diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The molecular dynamics governing immune cell recruitment to sites of injury and disease in the CNS during sterile inflammation remain poorly defined. Here, we identified a subset of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) that responds to local chemotactic cues that are conserved among central neurons, vessels, and immune cells. Patients suffering from late-stage proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) had elevated vitreous semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A). Using a murine model, we found that SEMA3A acts as a potent attractant for neuropilin-1–positive (NRP-1–positive) MPs. These proangiogenic MPs were selectively recruited to sites of pathological neovascularization in response to locally produced SEMA3A as well as VEGF. NRP-1–positive MPs were essential for disease progression, as NRP-1–deficient MPs failed to enter the retina in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), a proxy for PDR. OIR mice with NRP-1–deficient MPs exhibited decreased vascular degeneration and diminished pathological preretinal neovascularization. Intravitreal administration of a NRP-1–derived trap effectively mimicked the therapeutic benefits observed in mice lacking NRP-1–expressing MPs. Our findings indicate that NRP-1 is an obligate receptor for MP chemotaxis, bridging neural ischemia to an innate immune response in neovascular retinal disease.
Histone Deacetylase 7 Silencing Alters Endothelial Cell Migration, a Key Step in Angiogenesis
Authors: Denis Mottet, Akeila Bellahcène, Sophie Pirotte, David Waltregny, Christophe Deroanne, Virginie Lamour, Rosette Lidereau, Vincent Castronovo
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Global inhibition of class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs) impairs angiogenesis. Herein, we have undertaken the identification of the specific HDAC(s) with activity that is necessary for the development of blood vessels. Using small interfering RNAs, we observed that HDAC7 silencing in endothelial cells altered their morphology, their migration, and their capacity to form capillary tube-like structures in vitro but did not affect cell adhesion, proliferation, or apoptosis. Among several factors known to be involved in angiogenesis, platelet-derived growth factor-B ( PDGF-B ) and its receptor ( PDGFR -β) were the most upregulated genes following HDAC7 silencing. We demonstrated that their increased expression induced by HDAC7 silencing was partially responsible for the inhibition of endothelial cell migration. In addition, we have also shown that treatment of endothelial cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in the exportation of HDAC7 out of the nucleus through a protein kinase C/protein kinase D activation pathway and induced, similarly to HDAC7 silencing, an increase in PDGF-B expression, as well as a partial inhibition of endothelial cell migration. Collectively, these data identified HDAC7 as a key modulator of endothelial cell migration and hence angiogenesis, at least in part, by regulating PDGF-B/PDGFR-β gene expression. Because angiogenesis is required for tumor progression, HDAC7 may represent a rational target for therapeutic intervention against cancer.
Assessment of Quality of Cancer-Related Follow-Up Care From the Cancer Survivor's Perspective
Authors: Neeraj K. Arora, Bryce B. Reeve, Ron D. Hays, Steven B. Clauser, Ingrid Oakley-Girvan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We assessed cancer survivors' perceptions of the quality of their follow-up care.We surveyed a population-based cohort of leukemia, bladder, and colorectal cancer survivors diagnosed 2 to 5 years previously in northern California (N = 623; participation rate, 69.2%; overall response rate, 49.2%). Data were collected between April 2003 and November 2004. Ten scales assessed survivors' perceptions of different aspects of care in the last 12 months, and an eleventh scale measured their overall ratings of care.On nine of the 11 scales, mean scores ranged from 88 to 97 on a 0 to 100 response format, indicating very positive experiences. The two areas where quality perceptions were lower were discussions about health promotion and the physician's knowledge of the whole patient. In adjusted analyses, those without private health insurance (P = .02) and Hispanic and Asian survivors compared with whites (P < .001) reported worse timeliness of care. Survivors who had multiple comorbidities reported better scores on timeliness of care (P < .01) and physicians' knowledge (P = .05) than survivors without any comorbidity. Length of the patient-physician relationship was the variable most consistently found to be significantly associated with survivors' quality assessments. Physicians' information exchange had the strongest relationship with overall ratings of care, followed by physicians' affective behavior, their knowledge of the survivor, and survivors' perceptions of coordination of care (P < .001 for all).Delivery of quality follow-up care to cancer survivors may require efforts to improve patient-centered communication and coordination. Special emphasis may need to be placed on health promotion discussions and adoption of a whole-person orientation.
Oncometabolites: linking altered metabolism with cancer
Authors: Ming Yang, Tomoyoshi Soga, Patrick J. Pollard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The discovery of cancer-associated mutations in genes encoding key metabolic enzymes has provided a direct link between altered metabolism and cancer. Advances in mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance technologies have facilitated high-resolution metabolite profiling of cells and tumors and identified the accumulation of metabolites associated with specific gene defects. Here we review the potential roles of such "oncometabolites" in tumor evolution and as clinical biomarkers for the detection of cancers characterized by metabolic dysregulation.
New EU health commissioner airs his priorities
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1999)

At last week's parliamentary hearing in Brussels, the new European Commissioner designate for health and consumer protection, David Byrne, said that the community must move on from its state of “near permanent crisis management” in response to public concern about issuessuch as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), dioxin, and genetically modified organisms to take “a more proactive” stance on public health.

He also made a commitment to ensure “maximum transparency” in the formulation, presentation, and execution of EU policies related to his portfolio.

Acknowledging the current concerns of consumers, however, he promised that a white paper on food …
Of Mugs and Marketing
Authors: John E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — As Dr Goldstein<sup>1</sup>cogently remarked, the editor does have the last word.<sup>2</sup> Both Dr Goldstein's and Dr Rennie's points are generally well taken. However, a question that neither of them addressed specifically was the invasion of editorial pages by advertising, which took place in the American Medical Association (AMA) journals quite a number of years ago. Surely the editorial staff had at least some opportunity for comment at that time. Has any consideration been given to returning advertising to its proper place, at the beginning and end of the journal?
Breathing during Exercise
Authors: Karlman Wasserman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE main source of energy for the life process is the oxidation of dietary substrate in the mitochondria of cells, and the major catabolic end product is carbon dioxide. In a complex organism such as man, the ultimate source of oxygen and the "dump" for carbon dioxide, the atmosphere, is far removed from the cellular site of oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production. Therefore, an interaction of physiologic mechanisms is required to allow gas exchange between the external environment and the cell (Fig. 1). These mechanisms link gas exchange at the cellular level with that at the lungs, while the . . .
Variants of the Adiponectin Gene and Diabetic Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Eun Yeong Choe, Hye Jin Wang, Obin Kwon, Kwang Joon Kim, Bum Seok Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Christos S. Mantzoros
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Migrating monocytes recruited to the spleen play an important role in control of blood stage malaria
Authors: Anne-Marit Sponaas, Ana Paula Freitas do Rosario, Cecile Voisine, Beatris Mastelic, Joanne Thompson, Sandra Koernig, William Jarra, Laurent Renia, Marjorie Mauduit, Alexandre J. Potocnik, Jean Langhorne
Journal: Blood (2009)
Some Effects of Urease Immunity in Hepatic Insufficiency
Authors: Willard J. Visek, Andrew Thomson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE CURRENT THERAPY of hepatoencephalopathy has consisted principally of a regimen of dietary protein restriction and antibiotics.<sup>1,2</sup>In these studies we have attempted to invoke an immune mechanism to inhibit bacterial urease present in the gastrointestinal tract and thus decrease the quantity of ammonia transported to the liver for detoxification. Administration of ammonium salts or of substances which can be enzymatically broken down to ammonia will produce hepatic coma in patients with liver disease.<sup>3-5</sup>Proteins and their derivatives exposed to bacterial enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract are a constant source of ammonia.<sup>6-8</sup>Under normal circumstances ammonia so produced is carried via the portal circulation to the liver where it is converted to urea and is thereby diverted from the systemic circulation.<sup>9,10</sup>Many patients with hepatic coma have an elevated concentration of ammonia in the blood.<sup>11,12</sup>This blood ammonium concentration represents a balance between production in
Inherited thrombophilia and pregnancy associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Wendy Lim, John W Eikelboom, Jeffrey S Ginsberg
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Pulmonary embolism is the leading cause of maternal mortality in developed countries and accounts for 20% of pregnancy related deaths in the United States.1 2 The risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, collectively known as venous thromboembolism, is increased during pregnancy and is further increased by the presence of inherited or acquired thrombophilias. We summarise the epidemiology and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and discuss the anticoagulant management of women with inherited thrombophilia who are at risk of, or who develop, venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period. #### Scenario A 30 year old woman, a known heterozygote for the factor V Leiden mutation, presents at eight weeks' gestation in her first pregnancy wondering whether she should receive prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent recurrent venous thrombosis during pregnancy. Several years ago she developed a deep vein thrombosis of the left leg after an ankle fracture and prolonged immobilisation and was found to have the factor V Leiden mutation. The deep vein thrombosis was treated with anticoagulants for three months, and the woman has had no recurrent thromboembolic events since stopping warfarin. Her mother developed a deep vein thrombosis after surgery but did not undergo testing for thrombophilia. #### Methods We searched Medline and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews for studies evaluating the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period in women with inherited thrombophilia, using the key words "venous thrombosis", "deep vein thrombosis", "pulmonary embolism", "pregnancy (complications)", "thrombophilia", and "anticoagulants." Venous thromboembolism occurs in 10 per 100 000 women of childbearing age and affects 100 per 100 000 pregnancies.3 Inherited thrombophilia is present in 30%-50% of women with pregnancy associated venous thromboembolism,3w1 with factor V Leiden being the most frequently identified inherited thrombophilia in the white population (table 1⇓). #### Non-inherited conditions that increase the risk of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy ##### General conditionsw2
Mycotic Endocarditis Following Intracardiac Operations
Authors: Bong Hak Hyun, Fred C. Collier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

MYCOTIC endocarditis, especially after cardiac surgery, has seldom been observed.1 2 3 Bacterial endocarditis complicating recovery from such operations, however, is not uncommon,3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 is usually disclosed by blood culture and is often responsive to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. No distinction between mycotic and bacterial endocarditides can be made on clinical grounds. Therefore, investigation of postoperative fever calls for procedures that will identify fungi as well as bacteria.It would seem that mycotic endocarditis is increasing.13 , 14 If true, this would not be surprising, considering the ubiquity of fungi and the rapidly expanding field of cardiac surgery. Within a nine-month period, 4 cases of endocarditis . . .