tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Grade I Reye's Syndrome
Authors: Philip K. Lichtenstein, James E. Heubi, Cynthia C. Daugherty, Michael K. Farrell, Ronald J. Sokol, Robert J. Rothbaum, Frederick J. Suchy, William F. Balistreri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

In a one-year prospective study we assessed the incidence of Reye's syndrome in children presenting with the acute onset of vomiting after a prodromal upper-respiratory-tract infection or varicella, and with serum alanine or aspartate aminotransferase levels at least three times higher than normal, and a paucity of neurologic findings. Of 25 patients meeting the above criteria, 19 had liver biopsies yielding adequate tissue for diagnostic purposes. Biopsy specimens from 14 of these 19 patients (74 per cent) were diagnostic of Reye's syndrome, according to rigorous light-microscopical, histochemical, and ultrastructural criteria. None of the biopsy specimens contained evidence of other acute pathologic processes, including hepatitis. A wide spectrum of mitochondrial alterations existed at the ultrastructural level, ranging from mild to severe lesions that were indistinguishable from those seen in comatose patients with Reye's syndrome. Our findings suggest that the clinical complex of vomiting, hepatic dysfunction, and minimal neurologic impairment after varicella or an upper-respiratory-tract infection usually represents Reye's syndrome. This syndrome occurs more frequently than previously recognized.
Interleukin-3 promotes expansion of hemopoietic-derived CD45+ angiogenic cells and their arterial commitment via STAT5 activation
Authors: Annarita Zeoli, Patrizia Dentelli, Arturo Rosso, Gabriele Togliatto, Antonella Trombetta, Laura Damiano, Paola Francia di Celle, Luigi Pegoraro, Fiorella Altruda, Maria Felice Brizzi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Use of Computed Tomography to Assess Coronary Artery Stenosis—Reply
Authors: Mario J. Garcia
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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Abstract B41: EMC1 influences cellular calcium homeostasis and promotes breast cancer cell migration and proliferation
Authors: Roberto Augusto Silva Molina, Rodrigo Ribeiro Silva, Roberta Ribeiro Costa, Silmara Reis Banzi, Enilza Maria Espreafico
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Complex protein 1 (EMC1), also named KIAA0090, was recently identified as part of a complex with six proteins (EMC1-EMC6) proposed to participate in the folding/maturation of membrane proteins, but the mechanisms remains unclear. High throughput studies reveal that EMC1 gene is up-regulated in many types of cancer and up-regulation correlates to poor survival rates. It has been known that there is a close relationship between proteins involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and tumor maintenance. Here, we investigated the involvement of EMC1 in breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. We showed by qPCR that EMC1 gene is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines in comparison to immortalized epithelial breast cells. Next, we stably overexpressed EMC1 in MCF-7 and SKBR-3 cell lines. Overexpression led to an increase in proliferation rates, clonogenic capacity, and migration in wound-healing assays. Consistently, EMC1 knockdown in SKBR-3 cells led to a decrease of cell migration and clonogenic capacity. Furthermore, we assessed by Fluo3 the involvement of EMC1 in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels in SKBR-3 cells in response to thapsigargin treatment, which inhibits the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase. SKBR-3 control cells showed an expected increment in cytosolic calcium levels following thapsigargin addition. Interestingly, cytosolic calcium increments were about 50% higher in EMC1 overexpressing cells and nearly 10-fold lower in knockdown cells, suggesting a role for EMC1 in the control of cellular calcium homeostasis. EMC1 could function in the maturation/assembly of calcium channels or calcium pumps, thereby promoting breast cancer cell migration and maintenance. Citation Format: Roberto Augusto Silva Molina, Rodrigo Ribeiro Silva, Roberta Ribeiro Costa, Silmara Reis Banzi, Enilza Maria Espreafico. EMC1 influences cellular calcium homeostasis and promotes breast cancer cell migration and proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B41.
Digestion and assimilation of proline-containing peptides by rat intestinal brush border membrane carboxypeptidases. Role of the combined action of angiotensin-converting enzyme and carboxypeptidase P.
Authors: M Yoshioka, R H Erickson, Y S Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Two intestinal brush border membrane carboxypeptidases were found to participate in the sequential digestion of proline-containing peptides representing a novel mechanism of hydrolysis from the COOH terminus. NH2-blocked prolyl tripeptides were rapidly hydrolyzed by either brush border membrane angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, E.C. 3.4.15.1) or carboxypeptidase P (E.C.3.4.12-) depending on the position of the proline residue. Furthermore, these two enzymes were found to participate in a concerted manner to sequentially degrade larger proline-containing pentapeptides from the COOH terminus. A brush border membrane associated neutral endopeptidase also participated in the hydrolysis of the prolyl pentapeptides. During in vivo intestinal perfusion, the NH2-blocked prolyl peptides were degraded and their constituent amino acids efficiently absorbed by the intestine. Furthermore, hydrolysis and absorption of these peptides could be dramatically suppressed by low concentrations of captopril, a specific inhibitor of ACE. These studies show that prolyl peptides are efficiently and sequentially hydrolyzed from the COOH terminus by the combined action of ACE and carboxypeptidase P, and that these enzymes may play an important role in the digestion and assimilation of proline-containing peptides.
How to do it: Write the annual report of the director of public health.
Authors: J Middleton, K Binysh, V Chishty, G Pollock
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The Acheson report Public Health in England defines public health as "the art and science of the prevention Possible aims for the annual health report * To act as the stimulus or focus for multiagency work to promote public health * To draw attention to social problems affecting health which can be resolved only by action by other local agencies, or by national action * To draw attention to particular health service deficiencies to influence planning and service com- missioning and resource allocation within the health authority * To "market public health"-to show the work done by the department of public health, indicating its relevance to decisions being taken by the health authority and other agencies, and advertising its expertise as a resource for the local community * To report local health studies undertaken during the year and recommend action based on these studies * To report local epidemiological artefacts and advise on further research needed * To report and restate public health successes such as fluoridation of water supplies or clean air acts * To act as an archive for reference in the future
Plasma and synovial fluid as solvents for monosodium urate.
Authors: R W Dorner, T D Weiss, A R Baldassare, T L Moore, J Zuckner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

In-vitro differences in monosodium urate (MSU) crystal dissolution in paired plasma and synovial fluid samples from patients with various arthritides were studied. Plasma was a significantly better solvent for MSU than synovial fluid (overall difference 6.3 mg/dl (0.37 mmol/l); significant at P less than 0.001). Attempts to correlate the solubility differentials with the principal compositional differences between the 2 fluids were only partially successful. (1) A tendency towards higher MSU solubility at higher protein levels was observed, but it was too slight to reach statistical significance. (2) Hyaluronidase treatment of synovial fluid significantly enhanced its ability to dissolve MSU (overall difference 2.2 mg/dl (0.13 mmol/l); significant at P less than 0.01) but not sufficiently to explain wholly the plasma-synovial fluid differential.
Ambient Temperature and Biomarkers of Heart Failure: A Repeated Measures Analysis
Authors: Elissa H Wilker, Gloria Yeh, Gregory A Wellenius, Roger B Davis, Russell S Phillips, Murray A Mittleman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Extreme temperatures have been associated with hospitalization and death among individuals with heart failure, but few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms.Objectives: We hypothesized that outdoor temperature in the Boston, Massachusetts, area (1- to 4-day moving averages) would be associated with higher levels of biomarkers of inflammation and myocyte injury in a repeated-measures study of individuals with stable heart failure.Methods: We analyzed data from a completed clinical trial that randomized 100 patients to 12 weeks of tai chi classes or to time-matched education control. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Endothelin-1 was measured at baseline and 12 weeks. We used fixed effects models to evaluate associations with measures of temperature that were adjusted for time-varying covariates.Results: Higher apparent temperature was associated with higher levels of BNP beginning with 2-day moving averages and reached statistical significance for 3- and 4-day moving averages. CRP results followed a similar pattern but were delayed by 1 day. A 5°C change in 3- and 4-day moving averages of apparent temperature was associated with 11.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 22.5; p = 0.03) and 11.4% (95% CI: 1.2, 22.5; p = 0.03) higher BNP. A 5°C change in the 4-day moving average of apparent temperature was associated with 21.6% (95% CI: 2.5, 44.2; p = 0.03) higher CRP. No clear associations with TNF or endothelin-1 were observed.Conclusions: Among patients undergoing treatment for heart failure, we observed positive associations between temperature and both BNP and CRP—predictors of heart failure prognosis and severity.
Bacterial keratitis in contact lens users.
Authors: J K Dart
Journal: BMJ (1987)

formed.Postoperatively she had recurrent symptoms necessitating a further laparotomy.There was infarction around the anastomotic site and further resection was performed.Altogether 300 cm of small bowel was resected.The postoperative course was complicated by pulmonary embolism requiring anticoagulation.She had prolonged diarrhoea, weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies despite enteral nutritional support.Five months later she was referred to our unit, where investigations showed thrombocytosis (platelets 654x 109/1) and features of hyposplenism in a blood film.A histological review of the resected specimen showed features of coeliac disease with crypt hyperplastic villous atrophy at the proximal resection margin.This was confirmed at jejunal biopsy (figure, left).She also had selective IgA deficiency and was positive for rheumatoid factor.Extensive investigations showed no thrombotic disorder.She improved dramatically on a gluten free diet, a repeat jejunal biopsy shQwed histological improvement (figure, right), and her platelet count reverted to normal.She later developed rheumatoid arthritis but otherwise remained well at follow up.*.. .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... .... .. ...Left: Jejunal biopsy showing subtotal villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and incr-ease in intraepithelial lymphocytes.Right: Jejunal biopsy showing
ENZYMATICALLY PRODUCED SUBUNITS OF PROTEINS FORMED BY PLASMA CELLS IN MICE
Authors: J. L. Fahey, Brigitte A. Askonas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Gamma globulin and antibody obtained from inbred C(3)H mice are split by papain and cysteine into fragments roughly one-third the size of the original Molecule (S(20,w) = 3.5S). The papain digests were characterized by starch gel electrophoresis and immunological methods. The highly heterogeneous fragments could be divided into two groups with distinct antigenic determinants (S and F), which were separated by DEAE ion-exchange cellulose chromatography. Approximately two-thirds of the fragments had S antigenic groupings and one-third had F antigenic groupings. These data are consistent with the view that mouse gamma globulin is split by papain and cysteine into three major fragments, two of which are of the S type and one of the F type. Antibody activity of the original molecule was present in the S fragments. Although the S fragments did not precipitate the antigen (hemocyanin) they were shown to bind antigen specifically in the manner of univalent antibodies. The S fragments of normal gamma-globulin were very heterogeneous with a broad spectrum of electrophoretic mobilities. Comparison of S fragments from slow and fast migrating globulins showed that the mobilities of the original gamma-globulin samples were largely reflected in the mobilities of their S fragments. Additional observations indicated that the F fragments also may help to determine the electrophoretic mobility of intact gamma-globulin molecules. S fragments of differing electrophoretic mobility were shown to have the same antigenic determinants, indicating that the structural differences responsible for the electrophoretic mobility differences were not involved in the antigenic groupings identified with rabbit antisera. The F fragments of normal gamma-globulin migrated more rapidly than the S fragments, were less heterogeneous, and showed several bands on starch gel electrophoresis. The F fragments differed antigenically from the S fragments, and had no antibody activity. Two groups of F fragments (F and F') were detected with some antisera. The gamma-myeloma protein (5563) formed in a C(3)H plasma cell tumor and similarly fragmented by treatment with papain and cysteine, produced much more discrete S and F components than were found in the normal gamma-globulin digest. The electrophoretic properties of the myeloma protein fragments were within the range observed for normal gamma-globulin fragments. Although the gamma-myeloma protein shares antigenic determinants with normal gamma-globulins it lacks some of the antigenic groupings present in the gamma-globulin preparation. Both S and F fragments from the myeloma protein share antigenic determinants with the corresponding fragments from normal gamma-globulin. In addition, both S and F fragments of normal gamma-globulin possess antigenic groupings not present in fragments of the gamma-myeloma protein, accounting for the antigenic deficiency observed on comparison of the gamma-myeloma protein with normal gamma-globulins.
Binding of dimeric and polymeric IgA to rat renal mesangial cells enhances the release of interleukin 6
Authors: Marieke E.A. van den Dobbelsteen, Fokko J. van der Woude, Willeke E.M. Schroeijers, A. Warmold L. van den Wall Bake, Leendert A. van Es, Mohamed R. Daha
Journal: Kidney International (1994)
Comparison between IFNalpha2a + ribavirin and IFNalpha2a + amantadine combination therapy in naive patients with chronic hepatitis C-genotype 1, and between amantadine and ribavirin addition in non responders after 3 months
Authors: Antonio Bellobuono, R. Finazzi, G. Covini, L. Milazzo, C. Magni, A.M. Milella, C. Janoletti, F. Bozzetti, Andrea Bellobuono, G. Idéo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Tityus: A forgotten myth of liver regeneration
Authors: Dina G. Tiniakos, Apostolos Kandilis, Stephen A. Geller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

The ancient Greek myth of Tityus is related to liver regeneration in the same way as the well known myth of Prometheus is. Depictions of the punishment of Prometheus are frequently used by lecturers on liver regeneration; however, Tityus remains unknown despite the fact that he received the same punishment and his myth could also be used as a paradigm for the organ's extraordinary ability to regenerate. Nevertheless, there is no convincing evidence that ancient Greeks had any specific knowledge about liver regeneration, a concept introduced in the early 19th century. We describe and analyze the myth of Tityus and compare it to the myth of Prometheus. We also explore artistic and literary links and summarize recent scientific data on the mechanisms of liver regeneration. Finally, we highlight links of the legend of Tityus with other sciences.
Complete resolution of leukemia cutis with sorafenib in an acute myeloid leukemia patient with FLT3‐ITD mutation
Authors: Sung Ho Lee, Elisabeth Paietta, Janis Racevskis, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis following acute leukemia in an adultTo the editor: A 69-year-old man presents with cough and SOB approximately 3.5 years following diagnosis of a poorly differentiated acute lymphocytic leukemia (progenitor cell phenotype).By flow cytometry, the initial leukemia in 1998 was positive for HLA-DR, CD34, and CD45 and negative for lymphoid and myeloid markers including: CD3, CD5, CD7, CD19, CD10, CD20, CD13, CD33, CD11b, and CD14; CD1a and S-100 protein staining were not available on this sample.A pathologic diagnosis of a progenitor cell leukemia most suggestive of acute lymphocytic leukemia was made.The patient received induction therapy in November 1998 and achieved a complete remission.Consolidation therapy was discontinued after one cycle due to severe cytopenias.Maintenance therapy was discontinued after 6 months secondary to methotrexate-induced hepatoxicity.Approximately 3.5 years after the initial diagnosis, the patient presented with back pain and leg weakness and found to have a paraspinal mass with cord compression.He underwent surgical resection followed by consolidative radiation.The lesion (see Fig. 1) was composed of sheets of medium to large sized mitotically active cells with relatively abundant cytoplasm.Occasional multinucleated tumor giant cells were also identified.The cell nuclei were vesicular with irregular contour and occasional grooves.Considering the remote history of a lymphocytic leukemia and the morphologic features which raised the possibility of an epithelioid/dendritic cell neoplasm, a panel of immunohistochemical stains was used to characterize the lesion.The tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD1a, S-100 protein, CD43 and focally for keratins, CD45, CD68, and lysozyme.Negative immunostains included EMA, Melan-A, CD3, CD20, CD21, CD35, Kappa and Lambda light chains, and MPO.Leder's histochemical stain was negative.Based on the morphology and the immunohistochemical profile, a diagnosis of a dendritic cell neoplasm most consistent with Langerhans cell sarcoma was rendered.Electron microscopic studies were not performed.Bone marrow biopsy revealed trilineage hematopoiesis with no evidence of leukemic involvement.Approximately 2 months later, he developed a similar soft tissue mass in the right upper chest extending into the right supraclavicular area.Radiation treatment resulted in a complete clinical response in the chest mass and he had no evidence of progression for 1 year.The patient then developed shortness of breath and fevers.A CXR showed a right
Drug policy: we need brave politicians and open minds
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

When it comes to policies for tackling drug misuse, we need an evidence based approach. These are not my sentiments, though I share them; these are the views of the leaders of all the UK political parties as expressed in recent government reports and a debate in parliament that gained cross party support.

So we at The BMJ asked ourselves: what would an evidence based drug policy look like? And we invited Nicola Singleton and John Strang to give us their answer (doi:10.1136/bmj.g7493). It is perhaps worth stating at this point that my own view chimes with Margaret McCartney’s in her column this week (doi:10.1136/bmj.g7273). “Drug dependence is a problem that …
Rolling Back Malaria in Pregnancy
Authors: Bernard L. Nahlen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Malarial infection during pregnancy is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. In endemic areas, pregnant women are the main group of adults at risk for malaria. Although 40 percent of the world's population is at risk for malaria, in pregnant women the disease has been most widely evaluated in sub-Saharan Africa, where 90 percent of the global burden of malaria and deaths from the disease occur. Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy increases the chance of maternal anemia, abortion, stillbirth, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, and low birth weight (defined as a weight of <2500 . . .
Seeing it through
Authors: C. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The strange, slightly loopy grip that x rays exert on the modern imagination goes beyond the medical realm. American shoe stores in the '50s used x ray machines to measure customers' feet. Beauty parlours used them to remove women's facial hair. They were a staple of comic books and bad science fiction films; Superman had x ray vision. Schizophrenics have delusions about x rays, often involving aliens or the CIA. The ability to see through surfaces with x rays is mysterious and eerily intriguing, yet radiography has now been around long enough to seem almost old fashioned.

The …