tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global warming and health.
Authors: W R Keatinge
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Software for screening to assess risk of Down's syndrome SIR,-The brief reference to screening for Down's syndrome in the ABC of antenatal care' is perhaps indicative of the few centres currently offering screening to assess the risk of Down's syndrome despite the considerable benefits that the screen offers.The delays in introducing the screen are possibly due to uncertainty about the analytes required to perform an effective screen.a Feto- protein and human chorionic gonadotrophin are well established, but there is still dispute over whether unconjugated oestriol should be included.2'Furthermore, other potential screen- ing variables have been suggested, including preg- nancy specific f1 glycoprotein (SP-1),4 ratio of biparietal diameter to length of femur,s and maternal urea resistant neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity.6A further cause of delay in introducing the screen is the poor availability of commercial software to calculate the risk.In Gwent and South Glamorgan screening using a fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin has been offered with considerable success for the past 16 months.
340. Cellular Uptake and Subsequent Intracellular of R8-Liposomes Introduced at Low Temperature
Authors: Akitada Iwasa, Hidetaka Akita, Ikramy Khalil, Kentaro Kogure, Shiroh Futaki, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

[Purpose] Octaarginine (R8) is a good devise for improving the delivery of various types of macromolecules. Ikramy et al. revealed that R8-modified liposomes (R8-liposomes) incubated at 37 degree were internalized by macropinocytosis (J Biol Chem. 2006 10; 281(6)). In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the cellular uptake of R8-liposomes incubated at 4 degree, and subsequently nuclear delivery of encapsulated pDNA. [Methods] The cellular uptake of R8-liposomes and tetramethylrhodamine- modified transferrin (Rh-Tf) was assessed by flow cytometry and that of pDNA-encapsulating liposomes was assessed by TaqMan PCR. To reveal the cellular uptake mechanism of R8-liposomes, plasma membrane were stained with PKH67 GREEN FLUORESCENT CELL LINKER and R8-liposomes encapsulating sulforhodamine (S-Rho) were added immediately, followed by incubation for 1 hour at 37 degree and 4 degree, respectivery. The cells were washed with 1 ml of PBS containing heparin 3 times and observed by confocal laser microscope. Nuclear association of R8- liposomes encapsulated pDNA was assessed by nuclear isolation, followed by TaqMan PCR. And transfection activity was measured by luciferase assay system. [Results] The cellular uptake of Tf which was known to be internalized by clathrin-dependent pathway was significantly inhibited at low tempareture, but that of R8-liposomes was only slightly inhibited. Dual imaging of liposomes and plasma membrane revealed that R8- liposomes were internalized by vesicular transport, and partially escaped to the cytosol at the perinuclear region at 37 degree. When incubated at 4 degree, intracellular liposomes were observed within a specific region close to the plasma membrane, and internalization of plasma membrane was completely inhibited. Therefore, at 4 degree, R8-liposomes appear to enter cells via unique pathway, which is separate and distinct from energy-dependent vesicular transport. The subsequent nuclear delivery of encapsulated pDNA, when incubated at 4 degree, was less prominent compared with those introduced at 37 degree. Trans-gene expression at 37 degree was 2- or 3- orders of magnitude higher than that at 4 degree. Therefor, the uptake route is closely related to the subsequent nuclear delivery process. Furthermore, the pathways for the nuclear delivery also affected the trans-gene activity.
THE RELATION OF RIGHT-SIDED ABDOMINAL PAIN TO RIGHTSIDED DISEASE
Authors: R. C. COFFEY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Pain in the right side of the abdomen is one of the most frequent phenomena encountered by the clinician in the routine examination of patients. This is due in a large measure to the fact that there are several organs located in the right side of the abdomen which seem especially liable to disease. These are the gallbladder, head of the pancreas, right kidney, appendix and right ovary. Much of the pain encountered in the right side of the abdomen is due to organic disease of one of these organs. As knowledge of these diseases has developed in the past, these organs alternately from time to time have been held responsible for most of the pain encountered in the right side of the abdomen. Two points of view have been held. One is that practically all the real pain in the right side of the abdomen has been due to
Ship Island Quarantine.
Authors: H. R. Carter
Journal: JAMA (1897)

New Orleans, La., Oct. 17, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reference to an editorial in theJournalof Oct. 9, 1897, "The Public Health Bill," it seems right to say: This editorial implies that the epidemic of yellow fever now existing in the Gulf States was introduced through the Ship Island Quarantine. Now, I would say that there is no evidence whatever that it was so introduced and much to the contrary. I have not the time now to give the results of the investigations that have been made, but would say that the professional members of the Board of Health of Louisiana have expressed to me decidedly the contrary opinion. All the members of the Mississippi State Board with whom I have spoken, including its secretary and president, have expressed a similar opinion. Dr. Dunn, the member of the Mississippi Board stationed at Ocean Springs, Miss., who took especial
NEW NOZZLES FOR EAR SYRINGE
Authors: William W. Goldnamer
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The stream of water from the nozzles of various ear syringes is not delivered into the external auditory canal to the best advantage. The old theory is that, the canal being curved, the water will strike a curved portion, be deflected from the prominences to the valleys, get under the foreign substance, and force it out. This is true when the water strikes right; but the canal is so irregular in many of its dimensions and varies so much at different ages and under so many different conditions (especially if the canal is misshapen with long impactions of cerumen), that the stream of water must be directed at many different angles before we can remove cerumen or other foreign matter. The surprising deviations of the external auditory canal are most strikingly illustrated by an observation of the contours of fusible metal casts of this canal. Therefore, I felt that if
The Prognostic Value of Bronchoscopy in Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Irwin L. Stoloff
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A retrospective study of 1,038 proved cases of primary lung cancer detected by chest photofluorography was made to develop clues on factors important to survival. One important factor appears to be the location of the cancer in a stem bronchus. Of 132 patients with cancer in this area, only one is alive five years later and six others are alive one to two years following detection; the five-year survival rate is only 1.7%. The one long-term survivor was treated by large doses of x-radiation. By comparison, the five-year survival of those without cancers of the stem bronchus is 13%. The poorer survival in those with stem-bronchial cancer and the 30-day postoperative mortality of 9.6% suggest that a change in attitude may be necessary to avoid thoracotomy in an attempt to cure such persons.
What Are the Scope and Limits of Radical Behaviorist Theory?
Authors: Stevan Harnad
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1984)

The following is an attempt to make explicit some of the questions to which commentators appear to have furnished default answers of their own, answers that have perhaps given rise to certain misunderstandings. It is hoped that in this explicit form the questions will allow Professor Skinner's position to be equally explicitly formulated. (Please note that there is some overlap with Professor Catania's questions 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10.)
Exclusion and Inclusion of Nonwhite Ethnic Minority Groups in 72 North American and European Cardiovascular Cohort Studies
Authors: Meghna Ranganathan, Raj Bhopal
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background Cohort studies are recommended for understanding ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to review the process for identifying, including, and excluding ethnic minority populations in published cardiovascular cohort studies in Europe and North America. Methods and Findings We found the literature using Medline (1966–2005), Embase (1980–2001), Cinahl, Web of Science, and citations from references; consultations with colleagues; Internet searches; and RB's personal files. A total of 72 studies were included, 39 starting after 1975. Decision-making on inclusion and exclusion of racial/ethnic groups, the conceptual basis of race/ethnicity, and methods of classification of racial/ethnic groups were rarely explicit. Few publications provided details on the racial/ethnic composition of the study setting or sample, and 39 gave no description. Several studies were located in small towns or in occupational settings, where ethnic minority populations are underrepresented. Studies on general populations usually had too few participants for analysis by race/ethnicity. Eight studies were explicitly on Caucasians/whites, and two excluded ethnic minority groups from the whole or part of the study on the basis of language or birthplace criteria. Ten studies were designed to compare white and nonwhite populations, while five studies focused on one nonwhite racial/ethnic group; all 15 of these were performed in the US. Conclusions There is a shortage of information from cardiovascular cohort studies on racial/ethnic minority populations, although this has recently changed in the US. There is, particularly in Europe, an inequity resulting from a lack of research data in nonwhite populations. Urgent action is now required in Europe to address this disparity.
'B' Stands for Bursa or Its Equivalent, Bone-Reply
Authors: Henry N. Claman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

ABSTRACT In Reply. —Mr Potterat is correct in that B lymphocytes were so named because they were clearly derived from the bursa of Fabricius in chickens. A long search and many arguments followed to answer the following question: What is the mammalian equivalent of the bursa? Those favoring the gut (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) spoke loudest and most frequently. However, recent findings indicate that the bone marrow is the bursal equivalent in man and rodents. Thus, B cells develop first in the yolk sac, then in the fetal liver, and finally in the bone marrow. (Of course, the smart alecks [at least those speaking American and English] would say that B cells obviously must come from the bone marrow, just as T cells must come from the thymus.)
Endemic Pleural Calcification and Mesothelioma-Reply
Authors: Mark Germine
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply..—</h3> Langer and others have two criticisms of my letter regarding the possible association of fibrous tremolite with endemic pleural calcification and mesothelioma in Greece. They point out that I did not cite their article in which the hypothesis regarding the tremolite content of Metsovo whitewash was originally presented. I did, however, cite two articles by the same group of workers, including a more recent article than the one to which they refer. Second, and much more seriously, they state that I have made an error in my use of the terms<i>asbestiform</i>and<i>nonasbestiform</i>, which they have "tried to correct" in the past,<sup>1,2</sup>obviously without success. Nowhere in my most recent letter, however, did I refer to the highly elongate fibers exhibiting inclined extinction, which Langer and others call "cleavage fragments," as being asbestiform, although I consider them to be so. My use of this term in
ECT and memory loss: the debate goes on
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1979)

For nearly two hours in Chicago recently, psychiatrists from all over the world discussed electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). It is the most effective and satisfying treatment for severe depression, said Gary Aden, MD, of San Diego, despite the abuse that has been heaped on it by critics. It can be used as an ongoing prophylactic treatment, said William Karliner, MD, of Scarsdale, NY, who has used "maintenance ECT" extensively for the prevention of psychotic relapses. Others emphasized that ECT averts the side effects of pharmacotherapy, notably neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia; that it is helpful for adolescents who do not respond rapidly to antipsychotics; and that it does not have to be given in the standard dosage of three seizures per week. Rather, it can be administered at the rate of four to six seizures per week, or even eight seizures in one or two sessions. "I would not give up on an
Intramyocardial Injection of Platelet Gel Promotes Endogenous Repair and Augments Cardiac Function in Rats With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ke Cheng, Konstantinos Malliaras, Deliang Shen, Eleni Tseliou, Vittoria Ionta, Jeremy Smith, Giselle Galang, Baiming Sun, Christiane Houde, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
PREVENTION OF END MT AND MYOFIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR CARDIAC FIBROSIS
Authors: Keita Okayama, Yoshiaki Taniyama, Norio Dosaka, Junya Azuma, Fumihiro Sanada, Hiroshi Kusunoki, Masaaki Iwabayashi, Hiromi Rakugi, Ryuichi Morishita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Temporary Transvenous Catheter-Electrode Pacing of the Heart
Authors: ROBERT G. TANCREDI, BEN D. McCALLISTER, HAROLD T. MANKIN
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Experience with 110 separate periods of transvenous cardiac pacing by means of a catheter-electrode in 91 patients has been reviewed. Indications for the use of the catheter-electrode included (1) complete heart block with and without Adams-Stokes syndrome, (2) other arrhythmias with and without cardiogenic syncope, (3) malfunction of previously implanted permanent pacemaker units, and (4) need for pacing during general surgical procedures in patients with a variety of rhythm disturbances. A case illustrating the combined use of drug therapy and catheter-electrode pacing in controlling paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia is presented. Only six deaths occurred in spite of the serious heart disease in all 91 patients in this series. Two were related to complications of temporary transvenous intracardiac pacing. The major complications associated with the procedure included perforation of the heart, bacteremia, acute myocardial infarction, cephalic vein phlebitis, and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Minor problems were primarily related to equipment failure or positional difficulties with the catheter-electrode and were usually of no serious consequence.
Does New Onset Atrial Fibrillation Have a True Impact on the Incidence of Stroke After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation?
Authors: Pablo Salinas, Raul Moreno, Angel Sanchez-Recalde, Santiago Jimenez-Valero, Guillermo Galeote, Luis Calvo, Ignacio Plaza, Jose Lopez-Sendon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Spot the loony
Authors: K. McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Channel 4 Witness: “Valkenberg” 1 December

The trailer said that Witness would investigate how the changes in South Africa had affected people with mental illness. A production team had alighted at Valkenberg, a 1000 bedded psychiatric hospital in Cape Town, built as an asylum in 1981. The hospital was exclusively white until the crumbling of apartheid brought integration in 1990. Unfortunately, the promised investigation was not forthcoming. Perhaps everyone was living in harmony and there was no story to be found; perhaps there was a story but the team could not find anyone lucid enough (patients or staff) to be interviewed; or perhaps …
Anesthesia by Combined Intravenous Pentothal Sodium and Local Nerve Block
Authors: James C. McCann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

ANESTHESIA and anesthetic methods have properly concerned the surgical profession as its technical procedures have been perfected. Without adequate anesthesia, an otherwise ideal technical procedure is a matter of trial to the surgeon and a physiologic burden to the patient. Yet the acceptance of anesthetic methods by the surgeon for application to his patients reveals a curious picture of diversity and sectionalism. As far back as 1922 an editorial in the Lancet 1 posed this unanswered query: "It would be interesting to ascertain why it is that in England and America general anesthesia has been developed at the expense of local, . . .
Physiological role for P2X1 receptors in renal microvascular autoregulatory behavior
Authors: Edward W. Inscho, Anthony K. Cook, John D. Imig, Catherine Vial, Richard J. Evans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

This study tests the hypothesis that P2X1 receptors mediate pressure-induced afferent arteriolar autoregulatory responses. Afferent arterioles from rats and P2X1 KO mice were examined using the juxtamedullary nephron technique. Arteriolar diameter was measured in response to step increases in renal perfusion pressure (RPP). Autoregulatory adjustments in diameter were measured before and during P2X receptor blockade with NF279 or A1 receptor blockade with 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX). Acute papillectomy or furosemide perfusion was performed to interrupt distal tubular fluid flow past the macula densa, thus minimizing tubuloglomerular feedback–dependent influences on afferent arteriolar function. Under control conditions, arteriolar diameter decreased by 17% and 29% at RPP of 130 and 160 mmHg, respectively. Blockade of P2X1 receptors with NF279 blocked pressure-mediated vasoconstriction, reflecting an attenuated autoregulatory response. The A1 receptor blocker DPCPX did not alter autoregulatory behavior or the response to ATP. Deletion of P2X1 receptors in KO mice significantly blunted autoregulatory responses induced by an increase in RPP, and this response was not further impaired by papillectomy or furosemide. WT control mice exhibited typical RPP-dependent vasoconstriction that was significantly attenuated by papillectomy. These data provide compelling new evidence indicating that tubuloglomerular feedback signals are coupled to autoregulatory preglomerular vasoconstriction through ATP-mediated activation of P2X1 receptors.
A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Ciclesonide Hydrofluoroalkane Nasal Aerosol in the Relief of Nasal Symptoms of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: W. Howland, P. Ratner, B. Martin, C. Andrews, H. Huang, S.Y. Desai, F. Bode
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Platelet lysate stimulates wound repair of HaCaT keratinocytes
Authors: E. Ranzato, M. Patrone, L. Mazzucco, B. Burlando
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Platelets play a pivotal role in wound healing. Their beneficial effect is attributed to the release of bioactive substances, although the involved mechanisms are mostly unknown. Objectives To investigate mechanisms underlying platelet‐induced wound healing using HaCaT keratinocytes, representing an in vitro model of proliferating and migrating keratinocytes. Methods Cells were exposed to platelet lysate (PL) purified from whole blood samples. Cell metabolism and proliferation were assessed using MTS and crystal violet assays, respectively, wound healing was assessed by scratch wound assay and cell migration by transwell assay. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 activations were studied using Western immunoblotting and intracellular Ca2+ dynamics by confocal imaging. Results Wound closure rates showed a significant increase at 6 and 24 h in cells exposed to nontoxic 20% PL. The cell migration assay showed a strong chemotactic effect toward PL. The intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA‐AM induced 100% inhibition of the PL effect on wound closure rate, while among the kinase inhibitors, SB203580 exerted about 50% inhibition, and PD98059, wortmannin and LY294002 about 30% inhibition. SB203580 and BAPTA‐AM induced 100% inhibition of the PL effect on cell migration, PD98059 about 50% inhibition, and wortmannin and LY294002 no significant inhibition. Confocal imaging allowed detection of a sustained Ca2+ transient in PL‐treated cells, while Western blot showed a more rapid activation of p38 than of ERK1/2. Conclusions Data indicate that PL increases wound healing rate by stimulating keratinocyte migration through a calcium‐ and p38‐dependent mechanism. ERK1/2 and phosphoinositide‐3 kinase seem to play minor roles.
The immediate effects of iohexol on coronary blood flow and myocardial function in vivo.
Authors: H Z Friedman, S F DeBoe, M J McGillem, G B Mancini
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Radiographic techniques used to quantify coronary blood flow all require bolus injection of contrast material, which markedly alters the flow being measured. Newer nonionic contrast agents have been shown to have fewer adverse hemodynamic, inotropic, and rheologic effects compared with ionic media and it has been suggested that they might not substantially affect coronary blood flow. Six dogs were instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes and subendocardial ultrasonic crystals. Intracoronary injections of iohexol (300 mg/ml iodine) were administered to establish a relationship between the dose and rate of contrast injection and the effect on flow and regional myocardial function. Two and 4 ml volumes of iohexol were injected at 3 ml/sec; 4 ml volumes were administered at 1 and 4 ml/sec. The 2 and 4 ml volumes decreased coronary flow by a mean of 31% (p less than .01) and 77% (p less than .001). The 4 ml injection at 1 and 4 ml/sec 77% (p less than .001) and 69% (p less than .001). The magnitude of the fall in flow was directly related to the dose, and the rate at which the flow nadir was attained was directly related to the rate of injection. Decrements in fractional shortening were temporally delayed by several beats compared with the flow changes and showed mean decrements of 19% to 29%. The effects on regional myocardial function were independent of contrast volume. However, the degree of dysfunction was more profound with slower infusion rates, suggesting that prolongation of contrast-induced ischemia was a major modulating factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Government data show higher mortality in babies of lower gestational age
Authors: Toby Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Babies born at 37 weeks' gestation are three times more likely to die in their first year than those born at 40 weeks, show government data for England and Wales in 2005 that link infant mortality to gestational age.⇓





However, infant mortality in this gestation range was still low, at 4.1 deaths per 1000 live births among babies born at 37 weeks and 1.3 per 1000 among those born at 40 weeks, says the report, published by the Office for National Statistics in Health Statistics Quarterly (2007;35:13-27).

The data covered all 645 887 live births in England and Wales in 2005. Overall mortality in the first year of life was …