tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cost of nitric oxide is exorbitant
Authors: C M Pierce
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Background/Aim: Glioma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor. Even with the development of multidisciplinary treatment approaches, results are disappointing because of the unavoidable tumor recurrence, which may be caused by the existence of tumor-initiating cells. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is not only involved in various cellular functions but also related to tumor growth. This study is focused, on the possible role of p75NTR in glioma tumor initiation. Materials and Methods: C6 cells with high and low expression of p75NTR were sorted using flow cytometry. The neurosphere characteristics and properties of these two subpopulations were assessed and compared with those of parental cells. Radiation and chemotherapy sensitivity was also analyzed in these cell populations. Finally, in vivo tumorigenicity of cells was tested in a rat model. Results: Cells overexpressing p75NTR (C6p75+++ cells) demonstrated greater ability of neurosphere formation, colony proliferation, and certain stem cell marker overexpression than cells with low p75NTR expression (C6p75+) and parental cells. In addition, following irradiation or temozolomide treatment, more viable C6p75+++ cells remained, and they proliferated into more colonies. In vivo, C6p75+++ cell implantation in Sprague Dawley rats reduced the survival time. Conclusion: Cells with p75NTR overexpression demonstrated certain unique characteristics of tumor-initiating cells, such as neurosphere formation, high colony proliferation, and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. With regard to the heterogeneous composition of glioma cells, p75NTR can be used as an alternative marker to identify a glioma subpopulation with tumor-initiating properties.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life in PROFILE 1007: A Randomized Trial of Crizotinib Compared with Chemotherapy in Previously Treated Patients with ALK-Positive Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fiona Blackhall, Dong-Wan Kim, Benjamin Besse, Hiroshi Nokihara, Ji-Youn Han, Keith D. Wilner, Arlene Reisman, Shrividya Iyer, Vera Hirsh, Alice T. Shaw
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
PLATELET-DERIVED MICROPARTICLES AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN INTRACORONARY AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS.
Authors: Italo Porto, Luigi M Biasucci, Giovanni Luigi De Maria, Luca Di Vito, Francesco Burzotta, Antonio M Leone, Alessandra Tritarelli, Giuliana Di Rocco, Maurizio Capogrossi, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Risk and safety of immunotherapy
Authors: B. Rogala
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The risk and safety of specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been the subject of many well‐designed studies since it was introduced. Most authors consider SIT an efficient and safe mode of treatment despite the occurrence of life‐threatening anaphylactic reactions. They emphasize the importance of a proper selection of patients as well as the requirement for highly qualified physicians to provide the treatment. Another problem associated with the safety of SIT is the potential enhancement of the synthesis of immune complexes after the treatment. SIT causes a decrease in allergen‐specific IgE which is slower in circulating immune complexes than in the serum. No data are available to show that SIT induces immune‐complex diseases, in either the immunologic or the clinical sense. As far as anaphylactic reactions are concerned, new alternative methods different from the conventional parenteral mode of delivery seem to be safe. Our increased understanding of the altered functions of the immune system justifies the assumption that the more specific the method of SIT administration, the more effective and safe it is.
HealthDesk: Personal Wellness Software
Authors: Andrew Zaager
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Health consciousness is not just a phase our society is going through. More and more, we find our patients expressing concerns about their own well-being, asking us how they can stay healthy and what they could be doing to live longer. They ask questions about illnesses, about new treatments and diagnostic modalities. As a primary care practitioner, I find it gratifying that our patients are willing to play an active role in preventive care. <i>HealthDesk</i>for Windows is promoted as an all-around health management and educational tool, which enables users to take a more active role in their personal and family health. It succeeds in these claims, and, furthermore, it is easy to use and a pleasure to operate. The program contains several modules for recording information—"Medical Records"—and several educational modules—"Health Managers"—which also monitor the state of the user's lifestyle and efforts at preventive maintenance. They are easily accessed through
Abstract 5107: The role of PERIOD2 for radioprotection against ionizing radiation in mice bone marrow
Authors: Aris Alexandrou, Cheikh Menaa, Chris Liu, Steven Pai, Kai Xiao, Ming Fan, Shuaib Juma, Loning Fu, William J. Murphy, Jian Jian Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Circadian deregulation is associated with the development of numerous diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and several neurological disorders. A recent study shows that the onset of carcinogenicity is specifically linked to the time of exposures (day or night) to ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation in mice. This effect is believed to be mediated through radiation-induced DNA damage and deregulation of the WNT/β-Catenin signaling pathway, hence affecting cell survival and proliferation. Results: The current studies aim to elucidate the contribution of a core circadian gene, Period2 (Per2), in the radioprotective response of mice bone marrow. Epithelial cells and mice bone marrow express PER2 in contrast to cancer cells. Bone marrow isolated from Per2 knockout mice exhibit radioresistence to high doses of ionizing radiation (HDIR; 2Gy) compared to wild-type mice controls suggesting that Per2 expression was responsible for radiation-induced cell death. This finding was translated by increased granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CFUs) clonogenic survival and reduced cell apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis showed that Per2 knockout mice bone marrow expressed higher levels of procaspase3 and less expression of active caspase3 after HDIR treatment compared to wild-type mice bone marrow and sham irradiated controls. Furthermore, Per2 knockout mice treated with 12Gy total body radiation (TBIR) showed an 80% survival verses 30% survival in wild-type mice. Whole genome-wide sequencing detected signal transduction pathways reflecting enhanced DNA damage repair capacity in knockout mice bone marrow, hence defining the role of PER2 in the radioresistant phenotype in vivo. Conclusions: This data is the first evidence supporting the critical role of PER2 in protecting mice hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from HDIR via enhancement of genes involved in DNA repair signaling networks. Citation Format: Aris Alexandrou, Cheikh Menaa, Chris Liu, Steven Pai, Kai Xiao, Ming Fan, Shuaib Juma, Loning Fu, William J. Murphy, Jian Jian Li. The role of PERIOD2 for radioprotection against ionizing radiation in mice bone marrow. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5107. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5107
Genetic epidemiology of HbS in Oman: Multicentric origin for the β <sup>S</sup> gene
Authors: Shahina Daar, H. Mohamed Hussain, David Gravell, Ronald L. Nagel, Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

On the basis of a sample of 117 chromosomes, we have demonstrated the multicentric origin of the sickle mutation in Northern Oman. Three major haplotypes coexist: 52.1% Benin (typical and atypicals), 26.7% Arab-India, and 21.4% Bantu. These haplotypes are not autochthonous to Oman but originated elsewhere and arrived in Oman by gene flow. The distribution of haplotypes is in excellent agreement with the historical record, which establishes clear ancient contacts between Oman and sub-Sahara west Africa and explains the presence of the Benin haplotype; contacts with Iraq, Iran, present-day Pakistan, and India explain the presence of the Arab-India haplotype. More recent contacts with East Africa (Zanzibar/Mombasa) explain the presence of the Bantu haplotype. The pattern of the Arab-India haplotype in the populations of the Arabian peninsula reinforces the hypothesis that this particular mutation originated in the Harappa culture or in a nearby population and in addition reveals that the Sassanian Empire might have been the vehicle by which this Indo-European sickle mutation migrated (gene flow) to the present-day Arabian peninsula, including Oman.
Body surface distribution of abnormally low QRST areas in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. An index of repolarization abnormalities.
Authors: M Hirai, H Hayashi, Y Ichihara, M Adachi, K Kondo, A Suzuki, H Saito
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND QRST isointegral maps (I-maps) have been useful in detecting repolarization abnormalities. We investigated the body surface distribution of abnormally low QRST areas in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the relation of the abnormalities in I-map to the severity of LVH as assessed by echocardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS QRST area departure maps were constructed from electrocardiographic (ECG) data recorded in patients with LVH and precordial negative T waves resulting from aortic stenosis (AS) (10 patients), aortic regurgitation (AR) (12 patients), or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (22 patients). Fifty normal subjects served as controls. The I-map was constructed from 87 body surface electrocardiograms recorded simultaneously at a sampling interval of 1 msec. The area where the QRST area was smaller than normal limits (mean -2 SD) was designated the "-2 SD area." The echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass was calculated by Devereux's method. Patients with large LV masses due to AS or AR had 2 SD areas located over the left anterior chest or the midanterior chest, respectively. The 2 SD area was located over the left shoulder and left anterior chest and had a lingual shape in patients with HCM. The sum of QRST area values less than the normal range (sigma QRST) was significantly correlated with LV mass in patients with AS or AR (r = 0.83 and r = 0.69, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between sigma QRST and the severity of LVH in patients with HCM. sigma QRST divided by the number of electrodes in the 2 SD area was significantly greater in patients with HCM than in those with AS or AR. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that abnormalities in patients with HCM are manifest even in mild LVH and that there is a greater disparity of repolarization in hypertrophied left ventricles due to HCM than in LVH due to aortic valve disease. QRST isointegral departure maps may provide ECG evidence of LV mass of patients with AS or AR and of susceptibility to malignant arrhythmias in patients with HCM.
Giant Osborn Waves in Hypothermia
Authors: Mori J Krantz, Christopher M Lowery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 47-year-old man with chronic schizophrenia was hospitalized after prolonged hypothermia. The initial electrocardiogram revealed Osborn waves (arrowheads) similar in amplitude to the R waves. Characteristic sinus bradycardia and prolongation of the QRS interval and the corrected QT interval (QTc) were also noted. During rewarming, the Osborn waves diminished in amplitude, and they disappeared after 24 hours. The baseline tremor artifact caused by shivering (arrows) resolved on normalization of the patient's core body temperature. In 1953, Dr. John Osborn described the J wave as an “injury current” resulting in ventricular fibrillation during experimental hypothermia. More recent findings suggest that hypothermia . . .
Car allowance for consultants
Authors: M. Goldman
Journal: BMJ (1977)

the dopaminergic system.:'Thus the usual release of extrapyramidal overactivity by neuroleptics blocking dopamine receptors would be expected to occur less frequently in demented patients.In view of the con- siderable pressure, which is likely to increase in the future, on inadequate psychogeriatric services from an aging population the use of haloperidol should, I feel, be recom- mended as the drug of choice to help keep more elderly patients in the community.In 18 months, of 184 domiciliary visits, 40 were to demented patients (22 %); this re- flects the seriousness of this problem in general adult psychiatric practice in a representative urban community.
Progression of Coronary Arterial Disease After Aortocoronary Bypass Grafts
Authors: MARTIAL G. BOURASSA, CLAUDE GOULET, JACQUES LESPÉRANCE
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Coronary angiography was carried out pre- and postoperatively, and angiographic patency of vein grafts was assessed two weeks and one year after surgery in 105 patients (154 grafts). Proximal coronary artery stenoses progressed to occlusion in 12 of 13 grafts (92%), occluded after two weeks, in 6 of 15 grafts (40%) occluded after one year, and in 34 of 59 grafts (58%) patent after one year. Nine of 103 patent grafts (8%) showed progression of lesions in vessels distal to the graft. Twelve patients (13%) showed progression of atherosclerosis in other (nongrafted) vessels. These factors significantly influence the late clinical and hemodynamic results of surgery and must be considered in the postoperative assessment of patients.
THE TRANSMISSION OF ARSENIC FROM MOTHER TO FETUS
Authors: FRANK P. UNDERHILL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The earliest record found on the antenatal treatment of congenital syphilis was that of Bertin 1 in 1810. Lancercaux, 1 in 1868, admitted that, in his opinion, antenatal treatment was the correct method of procedure; but there still existed, at that time, a well recognized school which taught that it was both wrong and dangerous. The treatment at that time consisted in the administration of mercury in some form plus the free use of potassium iodid. This method of treatment had only a slight degree of success. Since the introduction of arsphenamin, the antenatal treatment of congenital syphilis with arsenic and mercury has had a surprising degree of success. Greenlees 2 and Findlay 3 report complete success in their series of cases, which, although few in number (fifteen), contained some that have been followed for a period of seven years. Fordyce and Rosen 4 have obtained excellent results after adequate
Advice to Authors
Authors: Malcolm Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> "Advice to Authors" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190:</b>1-24 [Oct 5] 1964) is timely, excellent, and helpful. However, "Selected Bibliography" is not a good term. "References" is shorter, simpler, more precise. Bibliography implies completeness in reading or listing. Either is rarely feasible. To list only a few titles under "Selected Bibliography" leads to imbalance and lack of proportion. Only papers or books which have been read should be listed. You refer to<i>The Elements of Style</i>by Strunk and White. In it appears this advice: "Avoid the elaborate, the pretentious, the coy, and the cute. Do not be tempted by a twenty-dollar word when there is a ten-center handy, ready and able."
The Surgery of the Common Congenital Cardiac Malformations
Authors: Colin W. McCord
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This small volume recounts the experience, at one hospital in South Africa, with five common congenital malformations of the heart: patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and tetralogy of Fallot. In addition, there is some discussion of atrial ventricular canal defects and pulmonic stenosis with intact ventricular septum. There are 128 references, all but three of them dated 1965 or earlier. The discussion of each of these conditions is brief and superficial with very little reference to experience outside of South Africa. Most of the material deals with management of congenital heart conditions encountered in children of more than 5 years of age. Emergency surgery in infancy is only cursorily discussed. The general reader who is interested in congenital heart disease will find a more complete and up-to-date discussion of any of these conditions in the standard textbooks of thoracic surgery or of pediatric cardiology.
Formation of antibodies against infliximab and adalimumab strongly correlates with functional drug levels and clinical responses in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: T R D J Radstake, M Svenson, A M Eijsbouts, F H J van den Hoogen, C Enevold, P L C M van Riel, K Bendtzen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) neutralising antibody constructs are increasingly being used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA).To determine potential differences in clinical responses, soluble drug levels and antibody formation between patients with RA receiving infliximab and adalimumab.69 patients with RA fulfilling the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria and about to start treatment with infliximab or adalimumab, were enrolled consecutively. All patients had active disease (28-joint count Disease Activity Score >3.2). Infliximab was given intravenously at 3 mg/kg at baseline and after 2, 6 and 14 weeks. Adalimumab was administered as 40 mg biweekly subcutaneously. Concomitant drug treatment was monitored and continued at constant dosage during the study. All serum samples were tested for infliximab/adalimumab levels and anti-infliximab/anti-adalimumab antibodies.35 patients received infliximab, 34 received adalimumab. At 6 months, 15 (43%), 6 (17%) and 14 (40%) of the infliximab-treated patients fulfilled the EULAR criteria for good, moderate and non-responders, respectively, whereas the corresponding figures for adalimumab-treated patients were 16 (47%), 8 (24%) and 10 (29%). Clinical responses correlated with the levels of S-infliximab/adalimumab and the formation of anti-infliximab/anti-adalimumab antibodies.The clinical response to two anti-TNFalpha biological agents closely follows the trough drug levels and the presence of antibodies directed against the drugs. Further studies that focus on the underlying pathways leading to antibody formation are warranted to predict immunogenicity of these expensive biological agents and treatment outcomes.
Very Low Levels of Atherogenic Lipoproteins and the Risk for Cardiovascular Events
Authors: S. Matthijs Boekholdt, G. Kees Hovingh, Samia Mora, Benoit J. Arsenault, Pierre Amarenco, Terje R. Pedersen, John C. LaRosa, David D. Waters, David A. DeMicco, R. John Simes, Antony C. Keech, David Colquhoun, Graham A. Hitman, D. John Betteridge, Michael B. Clearfield, John R. Downs, Helen M. Colhoun, Antonio M. Gotto, Paul M. Ridker, Scott M. Grundy, John J.P. Kastelein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Prolonged use of nitrazepam for epilepsy in children with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: B G R Neville
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Background</h3> Occlusion of subcutaneously implanted port-chamber central venous access devices (CVAD) is a commonly occurring problem in cancer patient care. A change of port-chamber catheter model in our institution was the opportunity to review nursing care techniques. <h3>Purpose</h3> To provide information on nursing care techniques for the prevention and management of thrombotic and non-thrombotic occlusions of subcutaneously implanted port-chamber central venous access devices, so as to contribute to the deliberations of an interdisciplinary working group charged with updating our institution’s best practices, and standardise them across adult and paediatric sectors. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> We carried out a structured literature review (Medline/Embase) and a manual search for non-indexed information sources up to February 2013. The keywords used were “central venous catheter”, “peripherally inserted central venous catheter” and “catheter occlusion”. Only publications presenting concrete facts on nursing care were included (drug volumes administered, exact durations of drug delivery, care techniques, written protocols). General recommendations were excluded. The criteria identified were: study methodologies, occlusion prevention techniques, definition and diagnosis, clearance techniques, effectiveness and safety. <h3>Results</h3> 26 publications were included: 14 studies (6 prospective, 8 retrospective), 9 review articles, 1 case study series, 1 survey and 1 reference book. Eleven publications concerned adult patients, 9 children and 4 both. Only 6 contained information with all the identified criteria. Fifteen only concerned occlusion prevention techniques, 14 concerned identification of blockages and 22 concerned blockage clearance techniques (17 thrombotic occlusion, 1 non-thrombotic lipid occlusion, 4 for both types). Highlighted points included: minimum 10 ml syringe volume, using NS (normal saline) for flushing and positive pressure filling (pulsed flux technique), thrombotic occlusion treatment using alteplase, the lack of validated, risk free treatment for non-thrombotic occlusion, and cost considerations. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Few studies of good methodological quality exist, with wide heterogeneity in types of catheter devices and occlusions evaluated. This renders comparison of preventive practices and occlusion treatment difficult. Literature review revealed a variety of useful insights for the interdisciplinary working group. The costs and risks of occlusion and the repeated use of alteplase call for good quality quantitative and qualitative prospective studies. No conflict of interest.
1356 TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN LIVER SENSITIVITY TO ALCOHOL BY INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA
Authors: M. M. Llopis, Laura L. Boschat, A. M. A. M. Cassard-Doulcier, Aurelia A. Bruneau, F. F. Cailleux, Tiphaine Le Roy Le Roy, Sylvie S. Rabot, S. S. Naveau, Philippe Gerard, G. G. Perlemuter
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Frequent Attenuation of the WWOX Tumor Suppressor in Osteosarcoma Is Associated with Increased Tumorigenicity and Aberrant RUNX2 Expression
Authors: Kyle C. Kurek, Sara Del Mare, Zaidoun Salah, Suhaib Abdeen, Hussain Sadiq, Suk-hee Lee, Eugenio Gaudio, Nicola Zanesi, Kevin B. Jones, Barry DeYoung, Gail Amir, Mark Gebhardt, Matthew Warman, Gary S. Stein, Janet L. Stein, Jane B. Lian, Rami I. Aqeilan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a tumor suppressor that is deleted or attenuated in most human tumors. Wwox-deficient mice develop osteosarcoma (OS), an aggressive bone tumor with poor prognosis that often metastasizes to lung. On the basis of these observations, we examined the status of WWOX in human OS specimens and cell lines. In human OS clinical samples, WWOX expression was absent or reduced in 58% of tumors examined (P < 0.0001). Compared with the primary tumors, WWOX levels frequently increased in tumors resected following chemotherapy. In contrast, tumor metastases to lung often exhibited reduced WWOX levels relative to the primary tumor. In human OS cell lines having reduced WWOX expression, ectopic expression of WWOX inhibited proliferation and attenuated invasion in vitro, and suppressed tumorigenicity in nude mice. Expression of WWOX was associated with reduced RUNX2 expression in OS cell lines, whereas RUNX2 levels were elevated in femurs of Wwox-deficient mice. Furthermore, WWOX reconstitution in HOS cells was associated with downregulation of RUNX2 levels and RUNX2 target genes, consistent with the ability of WWOX to suppress RUNX2 transactivation activity. In clinical samples, RUNX2 was expressed in the majority of primary tumors and undetectable in most tumors resected following chemotherapy, whereas most metastases were RUNX2 positive. Our results deepen the evidence of a tumor suppressor role for WWOX in OS, furthering its prognostic and therapeutic significance in this disease.