tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LOWER LIMB INJURY IN GAELIC FOOTBALL AND HURLING
Authors: E O'Malley, J Murphy, C Gissane, C Blake
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Gaelic football (GF) and hurling (H) are multi-directional, high velocity, contact sports. Elevated physical demands are thought to cause an increased rate of injury in the lower limb. Objective To examine the incidence and describe lower limb injury in both Gaelic Football and hurling (2008–2011). Design Four-year prospective epidemiological study. Setting 25 Gaelic football teams and 21 hurling teams who compete at inter-county level participated. All data were anonymous. Ethical approval was received by the University College Dublin Human Research Ethics Committee. Participants Adult male Gaelic football (n=841) and hurling (n=696) players were included. Interventions Injury definitions comply with international best practice guidelines and consensus statements. Main outcome measurements Lower Limb injury (LLI) characteristics, exposure information and player demographics were collected via an online platform. Injury rates are expressed as number of injuries per 1000 hours. Severity is expressed as days lost from sport. Percentages were calculated from available totals. Results There were a total of 654 football and 560 hurling LLIs recorded. Match-play LLIs had a higher incidence in both codes (GF:29.8/1000 hrs, H:37.6/1000 hrs) than training LLIs (GF:2.4/1000 hrs, H:2.1/1000 hrs). LLIs caused a median of 16 days timeloss from Gaelic football and 14 days timeloss from hurling. When broken down by body-region, the thigh was the most commonly injured area (GF:42.0%, H:32.1%) followed by knee (GF:16.1%, H:19.3%). Hamstring injury was most prevalent (GF:29.1%; H:23.6%). Hamstring injuries caused a median of 20 days timeloss from football, 21 days lost in hurling. Muscle was the most commonly injured tissue (GF:51.2%, H:46.4%). The most common mechanism of LLI was sprinting (GF:32.1%, H:34.1%). Conclusions This study provides new specific lower limb injury epidemiological information and is the first step towards injury prevention in two sports native to Ireland.
Abstract 5206: Mir-134/487b/655 cluster regulates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug resistance to gefitinib by targeting MAGI2 in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Masahiro Seike, Kazuhiro Kitamura, Akihiko Miyanaga, Testuya Okano, Rintaro Noro, Akihiko Gemma
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has recently been recognized as a key element of cell invasion, migration, metastasis, and drug resistance in several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our aim was to clarify microRNA (miRNA) -related mechanisms underlying EMT followed by acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in NSCLC. MiRNA expression profiles were examined before and after TGF-β1 exposure in four human adenocarcinoma cell lines with or without EMT. Correlation between expressions of EMT-related miRNAs and resistance to EGFR-TKI gefitinib was evaluated. MiRNA array and quantitative RT-PCR revealed that TGF-β1 significantly induced overexpression of miR-134, miR-487b, and miR-655, which belong to the same cluster located on chromosome 14q32, in lung adenocarcimona cells with EMT. MAGI2, a predicted target of these miRNAs and a scaffold protein required for PTEN, was diminished in A549 cells with EMT after the TGF-β1 stimulation. Overexpression of miR-134 and miR-487b promoted the EMT phenomenon and affected the drug resistance to gefitinib, whereas knockdown of these miRNAs inhibited the EMT process and reversed TGF-β1-induced resistance to gefitinib. Our study demonstrated that the miR-134/487b/655 cluster contributed to the TGF-β1-induced EMT phenomenon and affected the resistance to gefitinib by directly targeting MAGI2, whose suppression subsequently caused loss of PTEN stability in lung cancer cells. The miR-134/miR-487b/miR-655 cluster may be new therapeutic targets in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients, depending on the EMT phenomenon. Citation Format: Masahiro Seike, Kazuhiro Kitamura, Akihiko Miyanaga, Testuya Okano, Rintaro Noro, Akihiko Gemma. Mir-134/487b/655 cluster regulates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug resistance to gefitinib by targeting MAGI2 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5206. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5206
240 DOWN-REGULATION OF MONOCYTE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR) 4 EXPRESSION MAY PROTECT AGAINST THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: A.G. Testro, K. Visvanathan, N.A. Skinner, V. Markovska, P.W. Angus, P.J. Gow
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
68 ANTIVIRAL EFFICACY OF THE NS3 PROTEASE INHIBITOR, GS-9451, NON-NUCLEOSIDE NS5b INHIBITOR, TEGOBUVIR, AND PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAÏVE GENOTYPE 1 HEPATITIS C INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: S. Pol, M. Jablkowski, J.D. Trenkle, B. Kanwar, B.N. Bekele, M. Subramanian, J.G. McHutchison, S.L. Flamm, A.J. Muir
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Enhancement of adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate in human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes by snake venoms
Authors: Viktor Stolc
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Snake venoms contain compound(s) that enhanced cyclic AMP content in human mononuclear leukocytes maximally after 5 min of incubation at 37°C. The effect was time‐ and dose‐dependent. The half‐maximal stimulation of cyclic AMP production by black cobra venom was found at 0.45 μg of venom/ml and the value of the Hill coefficient was 0.7. The black cobra venom enhanced the cyclic AMP content in the cells at 4, 22, and 37°C. Similar increase in the cyclic AMP content by six snake venoms was found in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The most active venom was from puff adder (Bitis arietans). The data suggest that one of the effects of the snake venoms may be rapid enhancement of cyclic AMP level in the affected cells.
Five year survival rates can mislead
Authors: G. Gigerenzer, O. Wegwarth
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Medical trainers and journals need to help get the message across

While running for president of the United States the former New York mayor Rudy Giuliani announced in a 2007 campaign advertisement, “I had prostate cancer, 5, 6 years ago. My chance of surviving prostate cancer—and thank God, I was cured of it—in the United States? Eighty-two percent. My chance of surviving prostate cancer in England? Only 44 percent under socialized medicine.”1

To Giuliani this meant that he was lucky to be living in New York and not in York, because his chances of surviving prostate cancer seemed to be twice as high in New York. Yet despite this impressive difference in the five year survival rate, the mortality rate was about the same in the US and the UK.

Why is an increase in survival from 44% to 82% not evidence that screening saves lives? For two reasons. The first is lead time bias. Earlier detection implies that the time of diagnosis is earlier; this alone leads …
SOME THINGS THAT SHOULD NOT BE FORGOTTEN BY THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER.
Authors: B. C. KEISTER.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

First, he should recognize his duty to himself, and second, his relation to other physicians. I believe it was the late Dr. Flint who made the remark that "every physician who is true to himself should be a thorough gentleman, a thorough business man and a thorough physician." First of all, he should be in sympathy with the Christian religion; even if he is not a member of any special branch of the orthodox church, he should certainly not be a skeptic or an infidel. It would be exceedingly difficult for a skeptical physician to hold the confidence of one of his church-going patients through any serious illness, to say nothing of the many other disadvantages, under which he would have to labor. I may be pardoned for saying that we have in our ranks, men who are not only skeptical on religion but<i>peculiarly</i>so on the science of
Transcriptional Activities of the Sleeping Beauty Transposon and Shielding Its Genetic Cargo With Insulators
Authors: Oliver Walisko, Andrea Schorn, Frank Rolfs, Anantharam Devaraj, Csaba Miskey, Zsuzsanna Izsvák, Zoltán Ivics
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposable element shows efficient transposition in human cells, and provides long-term transgene expression in preclinical animal models. Random chromosomal insertion of SB vectors represents a safety issue in human gene therapeutic applications, due to potential genotoxic effects associated with transposon integration. We investigated the transcriptional activities of SB in order to assess its potential to alter host gene expression upon integration. The untranslated regions (UTRs) of the transposon direct convergent, inward-directed transcription. Transcription from the 5'-UTR of SB is upregulated by the host-encoded factor high-mobility group 2-like 1 (HMG2L1), and requires a 65-base pair (bp) region not present in commonly used SB vectors. The SB transposase antagonizes the effect of HMG2L1, suggesting that natural transposase expression is under a negative feedback regulation. SB transposon vectors lacking the 65-bp region associated with HMG2L1-dependent upregulation exhibit benign transcriptional activities, at a level up to 100-times lower than that of the murine leukemia virus (MLV) long terminal repeat (LTR). Incorporation of chicken beta-globin HS4 insulator sequences in SB-based vectors reduces the transactivation of model promoters by transposon-borne enhancers, and thus may lower the risk of transcriptional activation of host genes situated close to a transposon insertion site.
The susceptibility sequence to rheumatoid arthritis is a cross-reactive B cell epitope shared by the Escherichia coli heat shock protein dnaJ and the histocompatibility leukocyte antigen DRB10401 molecule.
Authors: S Albani, J E Tuckwell, L Esparza, D A Carson, J Roudier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Immunological responses to bacterial heat shock proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis in animals and humans. The predicted amino acid sequence of dnaJ, a heat shock protein from Escherichia coli, contains an 11-amino acid segment that is homologous to the third hypervariable region of the human histocompatibility antigen (HLA) DRB10401 (formerly known as HLA Dw4), the part of the molecule that carries susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. To test the biological significance of this finding, we expressed and purified recombinant dnaJ (rdnaJ), and determined its immunologic cross-reactivity with HLA DRB10401. A rabbit antipeptide antiserum raised against the sequence of the third hypervariable region of HLA DRB10401 specifically bound to 'dnaJ, thus confirming that a similar sequence is expressed on the bacterial protein. Of greater consequence, an antiserum to the 'dnaJ protein recognized not only a peptide from the third hypervariable region of HLA DRB10401, but also the intact HLA DRB10401 polypeptide. Furthermore, the antibody to 'dnaJ reacted with HLA DRB10401 homozygous B lymphoblasts, but not with HLA DRB11501, DRB10101, DRB10301, and DRB10701 (formerly known as HLA Dw2, DR 1, DR 3, and DR 7, in the same order) homozygous cells. These results demonstrate that exposure to a bacterial heat shock protein can elicit antibodies against the rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility sequence in the third hypervariable region of HLA DRB10401.
Multiple extra-articular synovial cyst formation: case report and review of the literature
Authors: S.-Y. Chen, N. Kamatani, S. Kashiwazaki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To investigate the clinical manifestations and the treatment strategy of a very rare entity of disease manifesting as multiple extra-articular cystic synovitis with recurrent polyarthralgia. <h3>METHODS</h3> A 47 year old male patient with multiple extra-articular synovial cysts was followed up prospectively for 13 years. The clinical manifestations and response to various treatments were recorded. Comparisons are made among the five reported cases (including the present case). <h3>RESULTS</h3> Multiple synovial cysts over the tendon sheath and bursae appeared successively with and without antecedent growth of nodules during 13 years of follow up. Although polyarthralgia and high titred rheumatoid factor persisted throughout the course, there were no roentgenographical changes of joints specific to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The synovial cysts and arthralgia failed to respond to any of the disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) prescribed. Systemic involvements such as pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and skin ulcers were also noted, but they were not progressive. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Multiple extra-articular cystic synovitis is an uncommon disease entity closely related to RA. It has been reported exclusively in Japanese subjects and therefore some cultural factors, either genetic or environmental, may contribute to its development.
IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MOUSE PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES AND STRAINS OF SALMONELLA AND ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Charles Jenkin, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Virulent strains of Salmonella opsonized with normal mouse plasma are never phagocytosed as well as avirulent strains. The virulent strains of Salmonella phagocytosed after opsonization with normal mouse plasma are able to multiply within normal mouse peritoneal macrophages, whereas under similar experimental conditions the avirulent strains are killed. When virulent strains of Salmonella are opsonized with specific antiserum or plasma from BCG-infected mice, they are treated by normal mouse macrophages as if they were avirulent. Virulent bacteria opsonized with BCG plasma are phagocytosed and killed better by peritoneal macrophages from BCG-infected mice, than peritoneal macrophages from normal mice.
Changing patterns of respiratory disease in HIV positive patients in a referral centre in the United Kingdom between 1986-7 and 1990-1.
Authors: A D Pitkin, A D Grant, N M Foley, R F Miller
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND: Respiratory illness is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It has been suggested that Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is no longer the most frequent cause of respiratory disease in this group because of widespread use of prophylaxis and anti-retroviral drugs. METHODS: A retrospective comparison of the diagnoses in HIV 1 antibody positive patients with respiratory illness admitted to a major UK centre in 1986-7 and 1990-1 was carried out to identify changes in patterns of respiratory disease. RESULTS: In the 1986-7 period there were 73 patients, of whom none received zidovudine or prophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia while in the 1990-1 period there were 122 patients. One hundred and ninety patients (98%) were male homosexuals. Pneumocystis pneumonia remained the commonest respiratory disease, comprising 68% of all diagnoses in the 1986-7 period and 48% in the 1990-1 period. Bacterial infections (bronchitis and pneumonia) were seen more commonly in the 1990-1 period (23%) than in the 1986-7 period (14%), as was pulmonary Kaposi9s sarcoma (12% in 1990-1 and 4% in 1986-7). Mycobacterial infection remained uncommon (4% in 1986-7 and 6.5% in 1990-1). CONCLUSION: Despite widespread use of zidovudine and prophylaxis, pneumocystis pneumonia remains the commonest respiratory disease in homosexual men.
The role of propranolol in congestive gastropathy of portal hypertension
Authors: Shorland W. Hosking, Hugh J. Kennedy, Ian Seddon, David R. Triger
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Heavy diffuse bleeding from congested gastric mucosa (congestive gastropathy) was treated by propranolol (dose = 24 to 480 mg per day) in 14 consecutive patients with portal hypertension. Thirteen patients (93%) stopped bleeding within 3 days. Gastric mucosal cherry red spots (a sign of severe gastropathy) were unchanged in 5 patients, became less obvious in 4 and appearances returned to normal in 5. Propranolol was discontinued electively in seven patients after 2 to 6 months; four of these patients rebled from the same lesion and stopped bleeding when propranolol was recommenced. No patient has rebled from congestive gastropathy while receiving propranolol during follow-up of 12 to 42 (median = 23) months. A further 24 patients with nonbleeding congestive gastropathy received 160 mg long-acting propranolol per day in a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over trial. Twenty-two patients completed the study; in nine patients, endoscopic grading of congestive gastropathy improved after propranolol compared to three after placebo (p < 0.05). Although the mechanism of action is not understood, propranolol appears to have a clinically significant role in the management of nonvariceal gastric bleeding in portal hypertension.
Dynamics of microvascular oxygen partial pressure in contracting skeletal muscle of rats with chronic heart failure
Authors: E Diederich
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: This investigation tested the hypothesis that the dynamics of muscle microvascular O2 pressure (PO2m, which reflects the ratio of O2 utilization [O2] to O2 delivery [O2]) following the onset of contractions would be altered in chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to a myocardial infarction (MI) or a sham operation (Sham). Six to 10 weeks post Sham (n = 6) or MI (n = 17), phosphorescence quenching techniques were utilized to determine PO2m dynamics at the onset of spinotrapezius muscle contractions (1 Hz). Results: MI rats were separated into groups with Moderate (n = 10) and Severe (n = 7) CHF based upon the degree of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction as indicated by structural abnormalities (increased right ventricle weight and lung weight normalized to body weight). LV end-diastolic pressure was elevated significantly in both CHF groups compared with Sham (Sham, 3±1; Moderate CHF, 9±2; Severe CHF, 27±4 mmHg, P<0.05). The PO2m response was modeled using time delay and exponential components to fit the PO2m response to the steady-state. Compared with Shams, the time constant (τ) of the primary PO2m response was significantly speeded in Moderate CHF (τ, Sham, 19.0±1.5; Moderate CHF, 13.2±1.9 s, P<0.05) and slowed in Severe CHF (τ, 28.2±3.4 s, P<0.05). Within the Severe CHF group, τ increased linearly with the product of right ventricular and lung weight (r = 0.83, P<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that CHF alters the dynamic matching of muscle O2-to-O2 across the transition from rest to contractions and that the nature of that perturbation is dependent upon the severity of cardiac dysfunction.
A Common Variant in TFB1M Is Associated with Reduced Insulin Secretion and Increased Future Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Thomas Koeck, Anders H. Olsson, Marloes Dekker Nitert, Vladimir V. Sharoyko, Claes Ladenvall, Olga Kotova, Erwin Reiling, Tina Rönn, Hemang Parikh, Jalal Taneera, Johan G. Eriksson, Metodi D. Metodiev, Nils-Göran Larsson, Alexander Balhuizen, Holger Luthman, Alena Stančáková, Johanna Kuusisto, Markku Laakso, Pernille Poulsen, Allan Vaag, Leif Groop, Valeriya Lyssenko, Hindrik Mulder, Charlotte Ling
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Early Operation for Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture
Authors: G. A. Pollock
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Active movements should be encouraged and all attempts at passive forcing should be avoided.Extreme gentleness in handling is at all times necessary in order to avoid psychological trauma as well as physical discomfort.A case which has been dealt with at the field ambulance is more comfortably evacuated to the C.C.S. than the patient upon whom no operation has been performed.The equipment necessary is found in every field ambulance and C.C.S.In the presence of general symptoms it is a wise precaution to take a blood film in malarial areas.It is illuminating to note how often an attack of malaria is initiated by the whitlow.I wish to thank Lieut.-Col.P. D. Johnson, R.A.M.
Uptake of Generic Drug Discount Program Among Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Song Hee Hong, Sunghee H. Tak
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Uptake of Generic Drug Discount Program Among Vulnerable PopulationsThe generic discount drug program (GDDP) that allows patients to pay nominal fees ($4) for filling prescriptions with generic drugs was introduced in 2006 by Walmart.The program can reduce medication costs and help patients to access their needed drug therapy, especially the elderly, poor, sicker, and racial/ethnic minority populations.However, the initial uptake of the GDDP in 2007 was low, at 3.6% of patients receiving any prescription drugs, especially among racial/
Protein C activation following coronary artery occlusion in the in situ porcine heart.
Authors: T R Snow, M T Deal, D T Dickey, C T Esmon
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Activated protein C, the body's natural anticoagulant, may play a role in protecting the heart during and following an occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in the porcine heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Infusion of 1 unit thrombin over 30 seconds into the LAD of juvenile pigs produced a prolongation of the Xa clotting time (153 +/- 14%) in blood drawn from the anterior interventricular vein (AIV). The action of the anticoagulant was blocked by a polyclonal immunoglobulin G antibody directed against porcine activated protein C. A brief (30 seconds) occlusion of the LAD induced a similar prolongation of the Xa clotting time (138 +/- 11%), which was also blocked by the polyclonal antibody. To determine whether activated protein C helps sustain the heart during and following a 2-minute occlusion, three groups of pigs were studied: 11 controls, six receiving activated porcine protein C, and nine receiving a monoclonal antibody (HPC4) that blocks protein C activation. Relative to the controls, HPC4-treated animals recovered function, as measured by the maximum time derivative of left ventricular pressure and segmental shortening, more slowly and were not able to sustain this recovery. Animals receiving activated protein C recovered more quickly and sustained this recovery. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that an ischemic insult induces rapid activation of protein C in the coronary microcirulation and that blocking this activation impairs recovery.
"Light Up the Larynx" During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Robert G. Norfleet
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Citing his experience of finding pathologic conditions in 17% of 1,000 asymptomatic patients, 1 Dr Klein pleads for more frequent examination of the  (236:1017, 1976). His plea can be satisfied, because each day thousands of patients undergo examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract with forwardviewing fiberoptic endoscopes. As the endoscope is withdrawn, its tip can easily be angulated anteriorly to light up the larynx. An excellent laryngoscopic examination can be performed and high-quality photographs taken. This may be done at no additional cost, risk, or discomfort for the patient.  I agree with Dr Klein that abnoxmalities lurk in the larynx, and I encourage my colleagues to light up the larynx during every endoscopic examination.