tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CUTANEOUS BASOPHIL HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Harold F. Dvorak, Ann M. Dvorak, Blanche A. Simpson, Hal B. Richerson, Sidney Leskowitz, Morris J. Karnovsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Delayed onset erythematous skin reactions elicited in guinea pigs early in the course of sensitization with azobenzenearsonate-protein conjugates or with protein antigens in incomplete Freund's adjuvant or in saline were found to have a characteristic morphology which sets them apart from delayed hypersensitivity and the classic antibody mediated reactions. The principle feature was massive dermal infiltration with basophilic leukocytes. Mononuclear cells of several types including activated and small lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and blast cells were also present. Such reactions have in the past been designated Jones-Mote hypersensitivity, but we prefer the descriptive term cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) for the reasons given. Occasional basophils extruded their granules, and individual granules, retaining their characteristic ultrastructure, were commonly seen in the interstitium. However, intercellular junctions between endothelial cells were closed except during cell emigration and there was no morphologic evidence of an histamine-like effect. The majority of basophils, moreover, did not degranulate but underwent nuclear pyknosis and cytoplasmic degeneration and were phagocytosed by macrophages. Phagocytosed basophil granules retained their ultrastructure. Skin tests performed at late intervals after sensitization had a different time course and morphology. Animals sensitized with protein antigens in complete Freund's adjuvant developed delayed hypersensitivity; however, reactions elicited in such animals at early (but not late) intervals after sensitization contained a prominent basophil component. We interpret such reactions to be a mixture of delayed hypersensitivity and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. The function of the basophil in CBH and its relation to the mononuclear cells which accompany it are unknown, and various possibilities are discussed. We conclude that cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity is a distinct immunologic and morphologic entity, occurring early in the course of sensitization with protein antigens incorporated in any of several vehicles. The mechanism of the reaction is presently unknown, and a general hypothesis to explain its pathogenesis has been proposed.
Electromagnetic Navigation Diagnostic Bronchoscopy
Authors: Thomas R. Gildea, Peter J. Mazzone, Demet Karnak, Moulay Meziane, Atul C. Mehta
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy using superDimension/Bronchus System is a novel method to increase diagnostic yield of peripheral and mediastinal lung lesions.Objectives: A prospective, open label, single-center, pilot study was conducted to determine the ability of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy to sample peripheral lung lesions and mediastinal lymph nodes with standard bronchoscopic instruments and demonstrate safety.Methods: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy was performed using the superDimension/Bronchus system consisting of electromagnetic board, position sensor encapsulated in the tip of a steerable probe, extended working channel, and real-time reconstruction of previously acquired multiplanar computed tomography images. The final distance of the steerable probe to lesion, expected error based on the actual and virtual markers, and procedure yield was gathered.Measurements: 60 subjects were enrolled between December 2004 and September 2005. Mean navigation times were 7 ± 6 min and 2 ± 2 min for peripheral lesions and lymph nodes, respectively. The steerable probe tip was navigated to the target lung area in all cases. The mean peripheral lesions and lymph nodes size was 22.8 ± 12.6 mm and 28.1 ± 12.8 mm. Yield was determined by results obtained during the bronchoscopy per patient.Results: The yield/procedure was 74% and 100% for peripheral lesions and lymph nodes, respectively. A diagnosis was obtained in 80.3% of bronchoscopic procedures. A definitive diagnosis of lung malignancy was made in 74.4% of subjects. Pneumothorax occurred in two subjects.Conclusion: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy is a safe method for sampling peripheral and mediastinal lesions with high diagnostic yield independent of lesion size and location.
Retrovirus Silencing, Variegation, Extinction, and Memory Are Controlled by a Dynamic Interplay of Multiple Epigenetic Modifications
Authors: Shuyuan Yao, Tanya Sukonnik, Tara Kean, Rikki R. Bharadwaj, Peter Pasceri, James Ellis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Retrovirus silencing in stem cells produces silent or variegated provirus. Additional memory and extinction mechanisms act during differentiation. Here we show that retrovirus is silent or variegated in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that are de novo methyltransferase (dnmt3a and dnmt3b) null. Memory is maintained during differentiation, and extinction occurs on variegated retrovirus, indicating that DNA methylation is dispensable for all forms of retrovirus silencing. Silent and variegated provirus are marked by hypoacetylated histone H3 and bound H1. In wild-type ES cells, silent and variegated proviruses are methylated and bound by hypoacetylated H3, MeCP2, and less H1. Silencing, variegation, and extinction are partially reactivated by 5-AzaC in this context. Lentivirus vectors are also silent or variegated, marked by silent chromatin, and exhibit memory and extinction. We conclude that the universal epigenetic mark of retrovirus silencing is silent chromatin established via the dynamic interplay of multiple epigenetic modifications that include but do not require DNA methylation. A molecular mechanism of competitive H1 and MeCP2 binding may account for this epigenetic interplay, and a model for variegation is discussed.
STUDIES ON ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS PRODUCED EXPERIMENTALLY IN RHESUS MONKEYS
Authors: Elvin A. Kabat, Abner Wolf, Ada E. Bezer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis has been produced in rhesus monkeys by injection of their own brain tissue, removed surgically and incorporated with adjuvants.
Improving surveillance of MRSA bacteraemia
Authors: Judith A Bowley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Improving surveillance of MRSA bacteraemiaData from north west England support Oxfordshire findings Editor-Wyllie et al conclude that admission cultures accounted for 24% of total hospital methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia episodes over seven years to March 2004. 1 Data collected from five district general hospitals and one university hospital in Cheshire and Merseyside and one district general hospital in greater Manchester support this view.This group of hospitals has collected enhanced MRSA bacteraemia surveillance data using published case definitions from the Department of Health since April 2004.Anonymised data are collected on paper forms and analysed using the FORMIC data capture system.In all, 534 cases of S aureus bacteraemia were identified between April 2004 and March 2005, 334 being methicillin sensitive S aureus bacteraemia and 200 MRSA bacteraemia.Sixty six of the MRSA bacteraemia cases occurred within 48 hours of arrival in hospital, 16 being related to a previous hospital admission, 25 in patients known to have been colonised with MRSA, and 13 in patients admitted from nursing or residential homes.Thirty five cases were admitted as medical specialties, 25 of them in patients over 65.Our results support the suggestion by Wyllie et al that anti-MRSA treatment should be considered for patients with possible staphylococcal sepsis who have previously been admitted or known to be colonised with MRSA.In a predominantly district general hospital setting, anti-MRSA treatment should also be considered for possible staphylococcal sepsis in elderly medical admissions and admissions from nursing homes.
Esophageal Involvement in Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Authors: A. Stallmach, S. Weg-Remers, C. Moser, H. Bonkoff, G. Feifel, M. Zeitz
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

We report on a 17-year-old male patient with dysphagia, cachexia, and physical underdevelopment. Despite a known esophageal stenosis, the patient received several months of psychiatric treatment, which failed to improve the clinical picture. After systematic diagnostic procedures, including repeated biopsies of the esophageal stenosis, a cicatricial pemphigoid was diagnosed and adequate therapy could be initiated.
A genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for colorectal cancer at 8q24.21
Authors: Ian Tomlinson, Emily Webb, Luis Carvajal-Carmona, Peter Broderick, Zoe Kemp, Sarah Spain, Steven Penegar, Ian Chandler, Maggie Gorman, Wendy Wood, Ella Barclay, Steven Lubbe, Lynn Martin, Gabrielle Sellick, Emma Jaeger, Richard Hubner, Ruth Wild, Andrew Rowan, Sarah Fielding, Kimberley Howarth, Andrew Silver, Wendy Atkin, Kenneth Muir, Richard Logan, David Kerr, Elaine Johnstone, Oliver Sieber, Richard Gray, Huw Thomas, Julian Peto, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Richard Houlston
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is a target for therapy in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Xavier Leleu, Lian Xu, Xiaoying Jia, Antonio Sacco, Mena Farag, Zachary R. Hunter, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Hai T. Ngo, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Allen W. Ho, Daniel D. Santos, Sofia Adamia, Kelly O'Connor, Bryan Ciccarelli, Jacob Soumerai, Robert J. Manning, Christopher J. Patterson, Aldo M. Roccaro, Irene M. Ghobrial, Steven P. Treon
Journal: Blood (2008)
Glycyrrhizin and Serum Testosterone Concentrations in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Michiaki Fukui, Yoshihiro Kitagawa, Naoto Nakamura, Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Extracts of licorice root are widely used in many countries as flavoring agents, breath fresheners, and candy. Licorice consumption had been reported to decrease serum testosterone concentrations (1). An explanation for this result was that glycyrrhizic acid, the active component of licorice, interfered with 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. We were very interested in the effects of glycyrrhizic acid to decrease serum testosterone concentrations. Glycyrrhizin, which is extracted from the roots of the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), is widely used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis in Japan and reportedly reduces the progression of liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma. …
Topical paricalcitol (19-nor-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2) is a novel, safe and effective treatment for plaque psoriasis: a pilot study
Authors: C. Durakovic, S. Ray, M.F. Holick
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background There continues to be a need to develop new pharmacological approaches for treating psoriasis. Topical active vitamin D compounds have proven to be both safe and effective for treating psoriasis. Paricalcitol (19‐nor‐1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D2) is a novel vitamin D analogue which has been developed for the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure. Objectives To investigate the efficacy and safety of 12 weeks' therapy with a once‐daily application of paricalcitol ointment (15 μg g−1) in comparison with placebo ointment. Methods This pilot double‐blinded self‐controlled study was initiated in 11 patients with moderate plaque psoriasis. To characterize the biological effects further and to evaluate the efficacy of topical paricalcitol treatment in psoriasis, we have analysed immunohistochemically the expression of one of the markers for epidermal differentiation (transglutaminase K) in paricalcitol‐treated skin as compared with placebo treatment. Results Treatment with paricalcitol was superior to placebo treatment beginning at week 1. The global severity score for erythema, plaque elevation and scaling was improved significantly more by paricalcitol ointment than by placebo (P < 0·001). Similar results were obtained for assessments of scaling, erythema and plaque elevation. No symptoms of local skin irritation were noted. Laboratory parameters including serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio did not reveal any changes of clinical relevance during treatment. The immunoreactivity of transglutaminase K changed after 12 weeks of paricalcitol treatment almost completely to the pattern characteristic for nonlesional psoriatic skin. Conclusions Once‐daily application of paricalcitol ointment was safe and effective for the treatment of plaque psoriasis.
The doctors' mess: the unsung resource
Authors: J. Raw
Journal: BMJ (2003)

If we asked retiring doctors to look back over their careers to determine who or what had the most significant influence on their medical education, what do we think they would come up with? I expect that the most likely answers would be previous consultants and senior doctors, textbooks and teaching sessions, and experiences with memorable patients. Would anyone mention the doctors' mess?

> The doctors' mess is an ever changing resource that updates itself continuously

The doctors' mess has always been associated with junior doctors hiding from work or eating their lunches. It is often a drab room, with the same facilities–usually a pool table, a drinks machine, and sometimes nowadays a computer, sofas (falling to …
Endoscopic Management of Biliary Tract Strictures in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: S. Wagner, M. Gebel, P. Meier, C. Trautwein, J. Bleck, B. Nashan, M. P. Manns
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

In a subgroup of patients, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is complicated by high-grade focal strictures of the bile ducts, and this can have an unfavorable influence on the natural course of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatment in this selected patient group.Twelve symptomatic patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and major ductal strictures were included in a prospective study of endoscopic treatment. All patients were managed by repeated angioplasty-type balloon dilation and nasobiliary catheter perfusion. A minimum of two treatment sessions was used, and therapy was continued until satisfactory reopening of the strictures was obtained. Routine endoscopic follow-up was performed after three, six, 12, 18, and 24 months, and then at yearly intervals. The efficacy of therapy was assessed by evaluating clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and cholangiograms.The long-term follow-up averaged 23 months (range: 12-50 months). Two to nine (mean: three) treatment sessions were required to obtain satisfactory reopening of major biliary strictures. Eight patients showed considerable and sustained improvement. The mean serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, and alanine aminotransferase levels felt significantly by 73% (P = 0.0164), 46% (P = 0.0022), 55% (P = 0.0022), and 58% (P = 0.0022), respectively. The average radiographic stricture score before treatment was 3.2 +/- 0.8 (P = 0.0033). Three patients required liver transplantation seven, 12, and 40 months after the initiation of endoscopic treatment, due to a deterioration in hepatic function or an inability to exclude complex biliary malignancy. No major procedure-related side effects were observed.Our results suggest that the endoscopic treatment of PSC patients with dominant bile duct strictures is effective, safe, and well-tolerated. However, it is important not to overlook the potential development of cholangiocarcinoma.
Social class, non-employment, and chronic illness
Authors: M. J Scott
Journal: BMJ (1987)

tions may occur with exercise or other stresses, but the evidence for this in man could be obtained only directly from the cerebrospinal fluid, which is clearly not practical.In future it should be possible to investigate central opioid activity when there are more specific antagonist drugs, rather than naloxone or naltrexone, which have a preferential affinity for ,t receptors and an analgesic function.Another alternative is to use positron emission tomography with an opiate labelled ligand.I Finally, I also doubt whether it is significant that in the past six years all of the runners who have collapsed at the end of the Great North Run have been men-the entrants to such runs are predominantly men, in the ratio of about 10 to 1.
Whole body heat stress fails to limit infarct size in the reperfused rabbit heart
Authors: D. M Yellon, E. Iliodromitis, D. S Latchman, D. M V. Winkle, J. M Downey, F. M Williams, T. J Williams
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Objective: It has recently been shown that induction of heat stress proteins by whole body heat stress confers myocardial protection in the isolated in vitro rat and rabbit heart. This study extends the above studies by examining the effects of stress protein synthesis on the limitation of infarct size in the in vivo rabbit heart model. Methods: 30 male New Zealand white rabbits were used. Six rabbits were used for measurement of heat stress protein; 10 were used for infarct size determination in a heat stress group (HS); 14 were used for infarct size determination in a control group. There were 10 exclusions. Under anaesthesia, body temperature was raised to 42°C for 15 min in the HS group. Following 24 hours of recovery rabbits were reanaesthetised and the hearts subjected to a 45 min period of regional ischaemia followed by 3 h reperfusion. The risk zone was defined with fluorescent particles and the infarct area determined by tetrazolium staining. Western blotting showed an increase in the 72 KD heat stress protein in hearts in the HS group. Results: Infarct size as a percent of risk area was 61.4 (SEM 6.4)% (n=14) in control hearts and 71.8(7.3)% (n=10) in the HS hearts. These results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: No protective effect of heat stress could be seen when infarct size was used as the end point. Either the protection seen in earlier studies using the Krebs perfused isolated heart model does not accurately reflect protection against myocardial infarction, or heat stress itself may induce injurious factors in the blood which will negate any direct protective effect to the myocardium in this model.
The Tuberculous Diabetic Patient
Authors: Michael A. Ferrara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

A total of 3178 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were admitted to the Uncas-on-Thames Tuberculosis Hospital from July 1, 1937 to July 1, 1950. Of these, 68 or 2.1 per cent had associated diabetes mellitus. This study is concerned with the course of tuberculosis in these diabetics and with their present status.Many writers believe that some peculiar relation exists between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis and that the diabetic is more prone to develop tuberculosis than is the nondiabetic. Banyai,1 Root2 and Neogy and Ray3 state that the prevalence of tuberculosis is more than three times as high among diabetics than . . .
THE RATE OF ELIMINATION OF URIC ACID IN MAN.
Authors: LAFAYETTE B. MENDEL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Recent years have yielded substantial contributions to our knowledge of purin metabolism and the genesis and elimination of uric acid in the animal organism.<sup>1</sup>The studies of Sivén and of Burian and Schur taught the distinction between endogenous and exogenous components in connection with uric acid excretion, and they have emphasized the probability that under ordinary conditions the endogenous purin output is fairly constant for the same individual. Quite lately evidence has accumulated to show that under exceptional circumstances, such as starvation or a low nitrogenous diet, the absolute quantity of endogenous uric acid eliminated may be diminished.<sup>2</sup>The widely accepted law of constant uric acid excretion on a diet free from purin derivatives has thus again been called into question, and further investigation will be necessary to explain the discrepancies noted under different dietary conditions. A further distinct advance in current conceptions regarding purin metabolism is indicated in the
Rituximab in cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: a report of two cases
Authors: R.A. Sabroe, F.J. Child, A.J. Woolford, M.F. Spittle, R. Russell-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

We report two patients with primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma who were treated with rituximab, a new anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. The first patient, who had a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the lower leg, achieved an 85% improvement. The second patient, who had a primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, which had undergone high-grade transformation and systemic spread, achieved a minor response of approximately 30%. Both patients subsequently relapsed. The first patient achieved complete clearance with a second course of rituximab given with systemic chemotherapy, but again relapsed. Treatment with rituximab has been reported to produce response rates of 48% in relapsed systemic low-grade or follicular lymphoma, but there are no previous reports of the use of rituximab in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma.
THE ABSORPTION, EXCRETION, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF IODINE IN NORMAL HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Norton Nelson, Edward D. Palmes, Charles R. Park, Patricia P. Weymouth, William B. Bean
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

Although iodinehas been used as a therapeutic agent for many years, information concerning its absorption, excretion, and physiological effect in normal men' is not extensive.Several investigators have studied the uptake of iodine in the normal and pathological thyroid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and others, in balance studies, have sought to measure the daily iodine requirement of the body as a whole (6, 7, 8, 9).In general, very small amounts of iodine were used in these studies and the re- sults cannot be applied readily to the fate of large quantities of iodine.This study deals with the absorption and excretion of iodine in quantities ranging from 20 mgm. to 440 mgm.per day, more than a thousand times the estimated daily requirement (4, 10), but within the range of clinical ad-