tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Crime
Authors: Josef Kolenski
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal(<b>207</b>:1071, 1969) you make a request for new ideas to fight crime. There are even financial grants involved. I would like to make the following comments: It is a real joke to see studies being set up to find new ways to stop crime. What we need is<i>more</i>crime, not less. How can the need for crime be ignored? It would make far more sense to find out<i>why</i>we need more crime and why the need is growing. (The news media would not build up crime out of all proportion to the reality of it if there were not a real need for this tension in our society. People would avoid reading about crime if it disgusted them, but in reality it fascinates them. And the news media know it.) Although the idea is not new, I once suggested a way
Andrew Wilson Lees
Authors: Andrew Dickie
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Andrew Lees was a leading figure in respiratory diseases throughout his long and distinguished career. His early work involved the evaluation of ethanolamine, ethambutol, and rifampicin, and his unit was the first to prove unequivocally the hepatotoxic effects of rifampicin. He reported the first case of indigenous legionnaires' disease in Scotland. The latter …
Doctors sceptical that new policy will greatly increase choice
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The health secretary, Alan Milburn, last week announced that he was going to introduce more patient choice into the health service by offering patients who had been waiting more than six months for heart surgery the chance to be treated in a hospital in the private sector or abroad.

Unveiling the policy, which is to start in July 2002, he said: “We are publishing proposals that will for the first time give patients an explicit choice over where they are treated in the NHS.” All patients who had waited more than six months—not just patients needing heart surgery—would be included in the scheme by 2005. …
1123-177 Treatment for children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: Long-term survival and outcomes
Authors: Delphine Yung, Greg Maislin, Allison Widlitz, Erika S Berman Rosenzweig, Kelly Schmitt, Daniela Brady, Ellen O'Brien, Diane Kerstein, Evelyn M Horn, Robyn J Barst
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Multisystem Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with pancreatic involvement.
Authors: R C Yu, A Attra, C M Quinn, T Krausz, A C Chu
Journal: Gut (1993)

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, a rare disorder of unknown cause affecting both children and adults, can affect many different organs and present to a wide range of medical specialties. An infant with fatal multisystem Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in whom the pancreas and the intestine were extensively affected is reported. The direct pancreatic involvement by this disease has not previously been described.
Pentolinium and Hexamethonium Combined with Rauwolfia in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Edward Dennis, Ralph Ford, Robert Herschberger, John H. Moyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN the treatment of moderate to severe hypertension the experience of most investigators suggests that a centrally acting agent such as Rauwolfia serpentina combined with a ganglionic-blocking drug offers the most potent antihypertensive combination. Rauwolfia in combination with hexamethonium has been used effectively in the outpatient management of hypertension,1 with satisfactory orthostatic reduction in blood pressure but with significant untoward effects attributable to the use of the hexamethonium. Since its introduction2 , 3 to American clinics pentolinium has been reported to offer more prolonged ganglionic blockade, with less severe untoward effects, than hexamethonium.This report is an evaluation of pentolinium used in . . .
James Mills Adam
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Military medicine researcher, adventurer, and general practitioner



After James (“Jim”) Adam was accepted to study medicine at Glasgow University, a family friend, a surgeon, advised him to join the officer’s training corps. Not only would he receive “cheap mutton pie,” but, after serving five years in the army, he would receive a £5000 grant to establish his medical practice.



After earning his degrees in medicine, surgery, and science in 1945, Adam duly enlisted in the Royal Army Medical Corps. But he would never need the grant to set up his private practice. Rising to the rank of colonel and specialising in physiology, he served in the army for 31 years in a variety of capacities, but focusing on research in military medicine.

His most important research projects entailed travelling around the world, investigating the effect of climate extremes on soldiers, but he also studied soldier nutrition, hot and cold injury, and battlefield resuscitation. One of his many journeys was as a participant in the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, during which he stood on the …
The effectiveness of glucocorticoids in treating croup: meta-analysis
Authors: M. Ausejo, A. Saenz, B. Pham, J. D Kellner, D. W Johnson, D. Moher, T. P Klassen
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To determine the effectiveness of glucocorticoid treatment in children with croup.Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that examine the effectiveness of glucocorticoid treatment in children with croup.Score on scale measuring severity of croup,use of co-interventions (epinephrine, antibiotics, or supplemental glucocorticoids), length of stay in the emergency department or the hospital, and rate of hospitalization.Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Glucocorticoid treatment was associated with an improvement in the croup severity score at 6 hours with an effect size of -1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.5 to -0.6) and at 12 hours -1.0 (-1.6 to -0.4); at 24 hours, this improvement was no longer significant (-1.0, -2.0 to -0.1). There was a decrease in the number of epinephrine treatments needed in children treated with glucocorticoids: a decrease of 9% (95% CI 2% to 16%) among those treated with budesonide and of 12% (4% to 20%) among those treated with dexamethasone. There was also a decrease in the length of time spent in the emergency department (-11 hours, 95% CI -18 to 4 hours) and, for inpatients, hospital stay was reduced by 16 hours (-31 to 1 hour). Publication bias seems to play a part in these results.Dexamethasone and budesonide are effective in relieving the symptoms of croup as early as 6 hours after treatment. Fewer co-interventions are used, and the length of time spent in the hospital is decreased in patients treated withglucocorticoids.
CHEMICAL, CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTS OF HUMAN PLASMA FRACTIONATION: XXXII. THE COAGULATION DEFECT IN HEMOPHILIA. AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO COMPARISON OF NORMAL AND HEMOPHILIC WHOLE BLOOD, PLASMA AND DERIVED PLASMA PROTEIN FRACTIONS 1
Authors: Jessica H. Lewis, C. S. Davidson, George R. Minot, J. P. Soulier, H. J. Tagnon, F. H. L. Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1946)
35. Generalized Detoxification Associated with Engraftment of Gene-Corrected Repopulating Cells Achieved in ADA-SCID Patients by Stem Cell Gene Therapy without Myelopreparative Pre-Conditioning
Authors: Makoto Otsu, Satoru Nakajima, Miyuki Kida, Yoshihiro Maeyama, Nariaki Toita, Norikazu Hatano, Nobuaki Kawamura, Motohiko Okano, Ryouji Kobayashi, Osamu Tatsuzawa, Masafumi Onodera, Fabio Candotti, Michael S. Hershfield, Yukio Sakiyama, Tadashi Ariga
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Severe combined immunodeficiency due to genetic defects of adenosine deaminase (ADA-SCID) has been a target disease of retroviral-mediated gene therapy. Recently, great success was reported in one of such clinical trials conducted in Italy aiming for the correction of patients' hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In contrast, the US trial which is similar to, but differs significantly from that of Italy has not lead to visible clinical improvement. Considering the differences in protocol between two, absence of concomitant enzyme replacement therapy (PEG-ADA) and/or mild pre-conditioning seem to be critical for the efficacy of stem cell gene therapy (SCGT) for ADA-SCID. However, since immune reconstitution has been achievable by SCGT for untreated XSCID patients, it is still unknown whether pre-conditioning is absolutely necessary for ADA-SCID.
Therapeutic choices for patients with hemophilia and high‐titer inhibitors
Authors: Roshni Kulkarni, Louis M. Aledort, Erik Berntorp, Hans H. Brackman, Deborah Brown, Alan R. Cohen, Nadia P. Ewing, Alessandro Gringeri, Ralph Gruppo, Keith Hoots, Cindy Leissenger, Katheliijne Peerlinck, Man‐Chiu Poon, Wing‐Yen Wong
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Effective treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia with high titer inhibitors (HTI) remains a challenge, despite the fact that the therapeutic armamentarium has expanded considerably over the past few years. Treatment safety has improved with the availability of porcine factor VIII (FVIII) and bypassing products such as recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), and plasma‐derived activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (aPCCs) that are virally inactivated. The major drawbacks of rFVIIa and aPCCs are their unpredictable hemostatic effect, lack of laboratory assays to monitor efficacy and dosing frequency, and the risk of thrombosis. The proceedings of a one‐day workshop of physicians who specialized in treating patients with hemophilia held in Vienna on May 13, 2000 have been summarized. In making a decision regarding the choice of product, physicians often consider the type of bleeding episode (life or limb threatening), age of the patient, volume of the reconstituted product, previous exposure to plasma derived products, cost, efficacy, and safety. For plasma naïve patients, to achieve rapid hemostasis a majority of the panelists used porcine FVIII (for patients who lack porcine inhibitory antibodies) or rFVIIa. For patients previously treated with plasma derived factors, in addition to the above concentrates, aPCCs were recommended. Although no data exists regarding safety and efficacy, switching products was routinely practiced either because of availability or cost. Furthermore, the panelists were uncertain about the efficacy of bypassing agents in the prevention of joint disease in inhibitor patients. The workshop participants felt that future research offers the best solution to resolve some of the dilemmas faced by clinicians and may help individualise treatment in a hemophilia patient with a high titer inhibitor. Am. J. Hematol. 67:240–246, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subset of natural killer cells is induced by immune complexes to display Fc receptors for IgE and IgA and demonstrates isotype regulatory function.
Authors: H Kimata, A Saxon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Expression of Fc receptors for IgE (FcER) or IgA (FcAR) on purified natural killer (NK) cells was investigated. No FcER+ and a few FcAR+ NK cells were detectable on freshly separated NK (NKH-1+) cells from normal donors. Incubation of NK cells with IgE-anti-IgE immune complexes or IgA-anti-IgA immune complexes induced up to 10 and 20% FcER+ or FcAR+ cells, respectively. These FcR were induced on CD3- but not on CD3+ NKH-1+ cells. In contrast, NK cells from patients with various dysgammaglobulinemias could not be induced to express FcER or FcAR corresponding to their abnormal circulating IgE and/or IgA levels. Enriched FcER+ or FcAR+ induced NK cell supernatants from normals enhanced IgE or IgA synthesis from Ig secreting B cell lines in an isotype-specific fashion without increasing proliferation. Thus NK cells, after interaction with specific Ig isotypes in complexes, express FcR and produce differentiation factors for that isotype.
Relationship Between Increasing Body Weight, Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Adipocytokine Leptin, and Coronary Circulatory Function
Authors: Thomas H. Schindler, Jerson Cardenas, John O. Prior, Alvaro D. Facta, Michael C. Kreissl, Xiao-Li Zhang, James Sayre, Magnus Dahlbom, Julio Licinio, Heinrich R. Schelbert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
The Aer-O-Scope: Proof of the Concept of a Pneumatic, Skill-Independent, Self-Propelling, Self-Navigating Colonoscope in a Pig Model
Authors: J. Pfeffer, R. Grinshpon, D. Rex, B. Levin, T. Rösch, N. Arber, Z. Halpern
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: Considerable training is needed to enable endoscopists to use the currently available commercial colonoscopes and sigmoidoscopes effectively and safely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the propulsion mechanism incorporated into the Aer-O-Scope® (GI View Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel) - a novel self-propelled, self-navigating colonic endoscope for diagnostic purposes. Materials and Methods: Twenty young female pigs underwent complete bowel preparation followed by a sedated examination using the new device. Ten pigs underwent two consecutive procedures, with a wash-out period of 7 days between each procedure. The total number of procedures was 30. Two prototypes of the Aer-O-Scope, with different cable lengths and vehicle balloon sizes (n = 20 and n = 10 for prototypes I and II, respectively) were used. Each examination was followed by a standard colonoscopy for safety evaluation. The insertion length of the Aer-O-Scope was determined by fluoroscopy images.
Chronic Idiopathic Bile Peritonitis
Authors: Robert F. Sanner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY and secondary effects of acute bile peritonitis have been well investigated and described, but the literature contains a paucity of reference to the effects of prolonged exposure of the tissues to this irritating substance. Leakage of bile usually follows surgery or trauma and occasionally infection; however, cases of socalled idiopathic or spontaneous bile peritonitis are also reported at the rate of several each year, particularly in the foreign literature. We had occasion some months ago to treat a case in which bizarre findings led to investigation and organization of the material in this paper. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a 59-year-old Negro man, was admitted to the hospital complaining of soreness of the stomach. He stated that during the previous 31/2 months he had had several episodes of pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, lasting two to three days. He denied trauma, nausea, or
Differential expression of NF-κB target genes in MALT lymphoma with and without chromosome translocation: insights into molecular mechanism
Authors: R A Hamoudi, A Appert, H Ye, A Ruskone-Fourmestraux, B Streubel, A Chott, M Raderer, L Gong, I Wlodarska, C De Wolf-Peeters, K A MacLennan, L de Leval, P G Isaacson, M-Q Du
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Silent Acid Reflux and Asthma Control
Authors: Koichiro Asano, Hidekazu Suzuki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

There are some patients with asthma who have a good response to standard therapy, but there are always some whose symptoms are not well controlled despite treatment with standard asthma medications. Guidelines for the treatment of asthma recommend that patients who have asthma that is difficult to control be evaluated for the presence of coexisting conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, rhinitis or sinusitis, and chronic stress or depression, since these conditions could be contributing to the lack of response to therapy. Previously published controlled trials have suggested that treatment with a proton-pump inhibitor alleviates asthma that . . .
Histone lysine methyltransferase, suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and is negatively regulated by microRNA-125b
Authors: Dorothy Ngo-Yin Fan, Felice Ho-Ching Tsang, Aegean Hoi-Kam Tam, Sandy Leung-Kuen Au, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Lai Wei, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Xianghuo He, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Chun-Ming Wong
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major liver malignancy. We previously demonstrated that deregulation of epigenetic regulators is a common event in human HCC. Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1), the prototype of histone methyltransferase, is the major enzyme responsible for histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, which, essentially, is involved in heterochromatin formation, chromosome segregation, and mitotic progression. However, the implication of SUV39H1 in hepatocarcinogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we found that SUV39H1 was frequently up-regulated in human HCCs and was significantly associated with increased Ki67 expression (P < 0.001) and the presence of venous invasion (P = 0.017). To investigate the role of SUV39H1 in HCC development, both gain- and loss-of-function models were established. SUV39H1 overexpression remarkably enhanced HCC cell clonogenicity, whereas knockdown of SUV39H1 substantially suppressed HCC cell proliferation and induced cell senescence. In addition, ectopic expression of SUV39H1 increased the migratory ability of HCC cells, whereas a reduced migration rate was observed in SUV39H1 knockdown cells. The significance of SUV39H1 in HCC was further demonstrated in a nude mice model; SUV39H1 knockdown drastically inhibited in vivo tumorigenicity and abolished pulmonary metastasis of HCC cells. We also identified microRNA-125b (miR-125b) as a post-transcriptional regulator of SUV39H1. Ectopic expression of miR-125b inhibited SUV39H1 3'-untranslated-region-coupled luciferase activity and suppressed endogenous SUV39H1 expression at both messenger RNA and protein levels. We have previously reported frequent down-regulation of miR-125b in HCC. Interestingly, miR-125b level was found to be inversely correlated with SUV39H1 expression (P = 0.001) in clinical specimens. Our observations suggested that miR-125b down-regulation may account for the aberrant SUV39H1 level in HCC.Our study demonstrated that SUV39H1 up-regulation contributed to HCC development and metastasis. The tumor-suppressive miR-125b served as a negative regulator of SUV39H1.
Alterations in Endothelial Fenestrations in Liver Sinusoids of Baboons Fed Alcohol: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Ki M. Mak, Charles S. Lieber
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the ultrastructure of endothelial fenestrations in liver sinusoids were studied by scanning electron microscopy in surgical liver biopsies of 16 baboons pair-fed with nutritionally adequate diets containing alcohol or isocaloric carbohydrate for up to 112 months. Alcohol consumption for 4 to 24 months resulted in a decreased number of fenestrations (1.4 per μm 2 of the endothelial surface vs. 3.3 in pair-fed controls; p &lt; 0.01) and an increase in their geometric mean diameter (115.6 vs. 82.3 nm in controls; p &lt; 0.001). After 61 to 112 months of alcohol feeding, the number of fenestrations was 1.9 (vs. 4.6 in controls; p &lt; 0.005) and the fenestration diameter was 91.8 nm (vs. 76.7 nm in controls; p &lt; 0.01). The fractional areas occupied by the fenestrations on the endothelial surface of the sinusoids in baboons fed alcohol for 4 to 24 and 61 to 112 months were calculated to be 84 and 58% of their respective controls. The alterations in the sinusoidal endothelium revealed in this study are most likely associated with a disturbance in the exchanges between the sinusoidal blood stream and the liver parenchyma and may thereby contribute to alcohol-induced liver injury.
Hemostatic and thrombotic markers in patients with hemoglobin E/β‐thalassemia disease
Authors: Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Vichai Atichartakarn, Katcharin Aryurachai, Napaporn Archararit, Suporn Chuncharunee, Arjit Tiraganjana, Sasivimol Rattanasiri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Increased frequency of thrombosis has been observed in patients with hemoglobin E/beta-thalassemia (Hb E/beta-thal) disease, particularly those who have previously been splenectomized. We compared various hemostatic and thrombotic markers in blood from 15 Hb E/beta-thal patients who were not splenectomized (NS), 15 who had been splenectomized (S), and 15 normal controls (NC). Levels of plasma thrombin-antithrombin, beta2 thromboglobulin, C-reactive protein, tissue plasminogen activator antigen were significantly higher in the S group than in either the NS or the NC groups, and levels of prothrombin fragment 1.2 were significantly higher in the S than in the NC group. Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen were significantly higher in the S than in the NS group. Levels of protein C, protein S, antithrombin, and fibrinogen were significantly lower in the S and NS groups than in the NC group. Plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in the S and NS groups were not statistically different from NC. Our findings indicated that there is evidence of chronic low-grade coagulation and platelet activation, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial cell injury, impaired fibrinolysis, and decreased naturally occurring anticoagulants in splenectomized Hb E/beta-thal patients. These changes may account for the increased risk of thrombosis in these patients.
New meningococcal A vaccine is being introduced into Africa
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A new conjugate vaccine against meningococcal A costing only $0.5 (£0.3; €0.4) a dose that has been developed for use in Africa is about to be introduced for the first time in a national vaccination programme in Burkina Faso, researchers announced.

The campaign to vaccinate all children and young adults from the ages of 1 to 29 years with the vaccine, MenAfriVac, will begin in Burkina Faso on 6 December. Niger and Mali will follow with similar vaccination campaigns.

Countries in the so called meningitis belt in sub-Saharan Africa—from Senegal in the west to Somalia in the east—have had regular epidemics of meningococcal meningitis for the past century. Almost all of the major outbreaks are caused by group A Neisseria menigitidis. 

Until now, the only measure to reduce the impact has been reactive vaccination programmes with polysaccharide vaccines, but these provide protection for only about one year and not the …