tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rhinolith as a Cause of Suppurative Rhinitis
Authors: N. Edward Nachlas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE subject of rhinoliths has been completely reviewed several times.1 2 3 4 With the increase in routine nasal examination, better nasal hygiene and more adequate medical facilities, this entity is becoming increasingly rare.5 , 6 In the past fifteen years only 3 patients with the disease have been admitted to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. The case reported below was the only one of these cases complicated by rhinitis caseosa.Rhinoliths may be either endogenous (formed completely within the nose by the deposit of inorganic salts around a nucleus of mucus, tissue or bone) or exogenous (formed around a foreign body). They have . . .
PWE-147 Human Herpesvirus and Adenovirus Unique Genetic Sequences Detected in Hepatocellular Cancer Genomes
Authors: W Fateen, S Berri, H Wood, J Morgan, G Taylor, P Quirke
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common cause of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in the western world. HCV is an RNA virus that does not integrate with human DNA and so the oncogenic mechanisms of HCV remain unclear. Next generation sequencing (NGS) provides a flexible platform and generates large amounts of data at a relatively small time and constantly reducing costs. The role of viral infection is well established in the aetiology of a wide range of tumours. In this study we investigate DNA of HCV driven HCC for the possibility of integration of all known viral genomes. <h3>Methods</h3> Bar-coded DNA libraries from 41 samples of various stages of development of HCC from 6 different patients were sequenced in parallel using NGS. One to two million 74bp reads per genome were generated. The reads were aligned to all known viral genomes downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA). Reads with mapping scores of &lt; 37 were discarded. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) was used to test if the sequences that aligned to viral genomes belonged to the human genome or any other viruses apart from the identified virus. Only those reads were the BWA alignment matched the leading BLAST hit were considered <h3>Results</h3> Six test samples mapped to unique sequences from Human herpesvirus 6. The test samples included a single HCC and 5 pre-malignant nodules from 2 different patients. Six test samples mapped to unique sequences of Human Adenovirus (6/41). The test samples in this case included 4 HCCS and a 2 premalignant nodules from 2 different patients. A single dysplastic nodule mapped to Human papillomavirus. <h3>Conclusion</h3> DNA from HCV driven HCC was searched for all viral genome sequences only Human Herpes 6, Human Adenovirus and Human pappilomavirus were found in a small number of cases. Further studies are needed to understand their relation to HCV hepatocarcinogenesis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Abstract 5774: Identification of novel targeted therapies for human triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Christine C. Tomlinson, Christina N. Bennett, Melinda Hollinghead, Jeffrey E. Green
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Triple Negative (TN) breast cancers are characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her2 in the tumors. Currently, unlike breast cancers that are hormone responsive or Her2+, there are no targeted therapies for this subtype of breast cancer. Additionally, TN breast cancer is frequently diagnosed in younger women, often prior to the age of routine mammography with young African-American women having a disproportionately higher incidence and mortality from TN breast cancers than Caucasians. Despite advances in the treatment of breast cancer, molecular characteristics of this subtype remain poorly understood and improved therapies are critically needed. Gene expression profiling has identified genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models that share important correlations with human breast tumor subtypes. In particular, the C3(1)/TAg GEM model appears to best represent basal-like/triple negative human breast cancers in several ways. The C3(1)TAg GEM model develops primary and metastatic mammary tumors following a progressive course characteristic of human breast tumor development, loss of p53 and Rb functions via SV40 T-antigen expression and amplifications of syntenic regions (hu. Chr. 12p12; mus. Chr. 6, a region containing K-RAS.) We have previously identified a critical proliferation/DNA repair/cell cycle gene signature (TAg signature), in primary mammary tumors from SV40 TAg mice that is also characteristic of human basal-like breast cancers. The TAg signature was also found to be highly predictive of human breast cancer prognosis. By targeting the up-regulated genes identified in the TAg signature, we have identified novel targets for the treatment of TN breast cancer. We have also performed synthetic lethality studies in which gene knockdown has been combined with common chemotherapy agents (cisplatin and paclitaxel) and agents currently in clinical trials (gemcitabine, Chk1 and Notch signaling inhibitors) to identify novel combination therapies. Several combinations are being tested in in vivo tumor transplant and human xenograft experiments. These studies have shown that the TAg signature can be used for the identification of new targets through siRNA screens of up-regulated genes in the signature and help determine new targets for preclinical testing of candidate drugs in novel combinations for treatment of TN breast cancer. The results of these studies may be translated into potentially effective therapies for women with aggressive forms of TN breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5774.
Xanthogranulomatous malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising from posterior mediastinum.
Authors: M Natsuaki, Y Yoshikawa, T Itoh, N Minato, H Yamada
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Les suites operatoires ont ete normales, ni la chimiotherapie ni la radiotherapie n'ont ete considerees comme utiles. Ni recidive ni metastase 15 mois apres l'operation
PET Imaging of Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Subhash Chander, Patricia Lee, Alkis P. Zingas, Richard N. Joyrich, Imad T. Zak, David A. Bloom
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been used to evaluate a variety of malignancies. The authors describe a patient with gallbladder carcinoma that showed multiple foci of intense increased FDG uptake in the liver and periaortic region consistent with metastatic disease. This report emphasizes that FDG-PET may play an important role in the staging, restaging, and posttherapy follow-up of gallbladder carcinoma, a highly fatal disease.
Are blind babies delayed in achieving social understanding?
Authors: Carol Slater
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Barresi &amp; Moore's account predicts that infants deprived of visual input will be delayed in achieving social understanding, a hypothesis that receives some support from studies of language use. by blind children. It is proposed that recently developed false belief and appearance/reality tasks be used to explore this issue further. Three possibly distracting conceptual issues are also discussed.
The Many Causes of Severe Congenital Neutropenia
Authors: David C. Dale, Daniel C. Link
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In 1956, Rolf Kostmann, a Swedish pediatrician, described an autosomal recessive disorder that he called infantile genetic agranulocytosis — which is now called severe congenital neutropenia. The Kostmann form of this disorder is very rare; it is caused by disabling mutations in the HAX1 gene, which encodes HAX1, a mitochondrial protein that inhibits apoptosis (see table).1 There are also autosomal dominant and sporadic forms of severe congenital neutropenia that are caused by mutations in the ELA2 gene, which encodes the serine protease neutrophil elastase.2 ELA2 mutations account for approximately 50 to 60% of cases of the disorder. Rare cases of . . .
Pulmonary Artery Catheterization: Developing Guidelines-Reply
Authors: C. David Naylor
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —We thank Dr Roizen for his interest and congratulate the ASA panel for their fine work. Their report 1 was published in the same period as our article and does meet some of our concerns.  We raise, however, the following points:  The ASA panel included anesthesiologists; surgeons, internists, and pediatricians were  represented. The guidelines were for perioperative care and did not address the use of PA [pulmonary artery] catheters in non-surgical settings or by other medical specialties. Thus, many potential indications for pulmonary artery catheterization were  covered.  The ASA document does  highlight the specific clinical indications where uncertainty exists about pulmonary artery catheterization and/or where expert opinion allows that randomization could be deemed ethical. Our proposed process would help experts to confront the limited evidence for specific indications and to make their uncertainty manifest in a way that would abet the acquisition of more evidence
Quantification of hepatic iron with CT and MRI: Practical considerations
Authors: Ruben Kier
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) for detection and quantification of hepatic iron was assessed in a series of patients under investigation for clinical or biochemical evidence of hepatic iron overload. Thirty patients underwent MR imaging (SE 30,60/1000 or SE 30,60/2000) at 0.5 Tesla with calculation of hepatic T2 and liver to paraspinous muscles signal intensity ratios. Twenty-nine patients also had measurement of hepatic attenuation on noncontrast CT images. Results of these imaging studies were correlated in all patients with quantitative iron determination from liver biopsy specimens. The best predictor of liver iron among parameters studied was the ratio of the signal intensities of liver and paraspinous muscle (L/M) on a SE 60/1000 sequence. Both MR using L/M ratios and CT were sensitive methods for detection of severe degrees of hepatic iron overload with 100% of patients with hepatic iron on biopsy > 600 μg/100 mg liver dry weight detected on the basis of L/M < 0.6 or CT attenuation > 70 Hounsfield units (HU). The MR parameter, however, was more specific than CT (100 vs 50%) and showed a higher degree of correlation with quantitated hepatic iron from biopsy. T2 measurements showed poor correlation with hepatic iron, due to difficulty in obtaining precise T2 measurements in vivo when the signal intensity is low. None of the parameters utilized was sensitive for detecting mild or moderate degrees of hepatic iron overload. We conclude that MR and CT are sensitive techniques for noninvasive detection of severe hepatic iron overload, with MR providing greater specificity than CT. Lesser degrees of iron deposition, however, may go undetected by our current imaging techniques.
The Spectrum of IgE-Mediated Responses to Latex
Authors: Gordon L. Sussman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A spectrum of IgE-mediated allergic responses to latex is presented in this report of 14 patients, including health care workers, sensitized by exposure to latex gloves. Symptoms often occurred immediately after exposure to latex, and manifestations varied according to the route of latex antigen presentation. Skin exposure usually caused contact urticaria. Exposure to latex in the air elicited allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Systemic effects from latex occurred intraoperatively due to the surgeon's latex gloves. Anaphylactic shock included the above symptoms with the addition of tachycardia and hypotension. All patients had positive latex skin tests. Serum IgE antibody to latex was found with a latex radioallergosorbent test in all but one tested patient. Physicians should be aware that latex allergy can present as anaphylaxis during surgery, barium enema, or dental work. Latex skin tests are a satisfactory method of diagnosis. Nonlatex gloves are available and are tolerated by affected people.
Plantar pressures are elevated in the neuroischemic and the neuropathic diabetic foot.
Authors: D L Pitei, M Lord, A Foster, S Wilson, P J Watkins, M E Edmonds
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

Clinical observation has noted that diabetic neuropathic ulcers occur frequently on the plantar surface, whereas neuroischemic ulcers seem to occur often on the foot margins. The reason for this difference in the site of ulceration is unknown, but it may be related to differences in pressure loading. The aim of the study was to compare vertical in-shoe foot pressures measured during walking (using the F-SCAN system) in four groups of patients whose degree of neuropathy was measured by vibration perception threshold (VPT).Subjects included 14 neuroischemic diabetic patients (VPT 29.3 +/- 13.5 V) with history of ulceration on the margins of the foot, 18 patients with neuropathy alone (VPT 38.7 +/- 12.7 V) and previous history of ulceration on the plantar surface, 10 diabetic control patients (VPT 9.9 +/- 2.7 V), and 15 nondiabetic control subjects (VPT 7.0 +/- 0.5 V).When compared with the other three groups, neuroischemic patients had higher foot pressures when measured as mean peak pressures and highest peak pressures under four areas of the foot: medial and lateral forefoot, hallux, and heel. Furthermore, when measuring the maximum pressures developed at any point under the plantar surface, the neuroischemic patients also had the most elevated pressures (757.6 +/- 135.9 kPa), significantly higher than those found in the neuropathic group (482.8 +/- 68.6 kPa, P = 0.04) and in both diabetic control patients (310.2 +/- 34.7 kPa, P = 0.008) and nondiabetic controls subjects (365.1 +/- 49.8 kPa, P = 0.007).Despite having increased plantar pressures and a comparable degree of neuropatny, the neuroischemic patients did not have a history of ulceration on the plantar surface. These observations may have relevance to different mechanisms of ulcer formation in the neuroischemic and neuropathic foot.
Abstract 2979: Effects of VEGF inhibition on skin ulcer induced by administration of cytotoxic anticancer drugs
Authors: Tatsu Shimoyama, Kiyoshi Ogura, Yuusuke Kanemasa, Shigeo Yamaguti, Eisaku Sasaki, Yasushi Omuro, Takeshi Sawada, Fumiaki Koizumi, Yoshiharu Maeda
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: An accidental extravasation of vesicant drugs-containing chemotherapy leads to skin ulcer, necrosis and severe tissue destruction. The clinical evidences that VEGF inhibition suppresses tumorigenesis via inhibiting angiogenesis and causes delaying wound repair have been accumulated. We observed the cases that simultaneous administration of anti-human VEGF antibody, Bevacizumab, avoided critical skin ulcer which should be caused by extravasation of cytotoxic drug in the colorectal cancer combination chemotherapy. Therefore, we examined effects of VEGF or anti-VEGF-antibody and angiogenesis inhibitor on skin ulcer caused by administration of anticancer drug in a mouse model. Methods: Experiments were performed in accordance with the United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research Guidelines for the welfare of animals in experimental neoplasia. Subcutaneous injections of doxorubicin (0.2mg/0.2ml of saline) in mice induced dose-dependent ulcerations under general anesthesia. The ulcers reached maximal size at 2-3 weeks following doxorubicin administration and were completely healed by 9 weeks. Effects of co-administration of test drugs on the area of the skin ulcer caused by administration of Adriamycin, were compared with control. Bevacizumab is anti-human VEGF antibody, it has no reactivity with mouse VEGF. An anti-mouse VEGF antibody was used alternatively. Results: VEGF (5μg) increased the skin ulcer size up to 150%, and the healing time was increased to 11 weeks. Anti-VEGF antibody (50μg) and suramin reduced the maximum ulcer size (50%), and the healing time was reduced to 6 weeks. Hydrocortisone (100μg) slightly reduced the skin ulcer size and the healing time (8 week). Conclusion: VEGF aggravated skin ulcer caused by the administration of the Adriamycin. Anti-VEGF antibody and angiogenesis inhibitor, suramin, reduced skin ulcer caused by the administration of the Adriamycin. Discussion: Inhibition of VEGF signaling and/or anti-angiogenesis were suggested to reduce skin ulcer caused by the Adriamycin. Anti-human VEGF antibody, Bevacizumab was suggested to be an effective antidote for skin ulcer and necrosis by extravasation of anticancer drugs and had potential for clinical use. Citation Format: Tatsu Shimoyama, Kiyoshi Ogura, Yuusuke Kanemasa, Shigeo Yamaguti, Eisaku Sasaki, Yasushi Omuro, Takeshi Sawada, Fumiaki Koizumi, Yoshiharu Maeda. Effects of VEGF inhibition on skin ulcer induced by administration of cytotoxic anticancer drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2979. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2979
Investigating painless haematuria
Authors: S. A O'Keeffe, S. McNally, M. T Keogan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

#### Learning points

An 81 year old woman was referred by her general practitioner with microscopic haematuria, diagnosed initially on dipstick in the practice surgery on two occasions. She had presented to her general practitioner with frequency. She denied any dysuria, loin pain, macroscopic haematuria, or weight loss. She had undergone a left nephrectomy 20 years before for a limited stage renal cell carcinoma. She was an ex-smoker of 30 pack years (the product of years of smoking and the mean number of cigarettes per day divided by 20) with known chronic obstructive airways disease, angina, and mild renal impairment. Urine microscopy showed 10-50 ×10−3 leucocytes/ml urine, 10-50 ×10−3 erythrocytes/ml of urine, no epithelial cells, no bacterial growth, and negative cytology for malignancy.

Several different algorithms have been recommended for investigating painless haematuria.1 2 3 These algorithms were devised by the health technology assessment programme (part of the National Institute for Health Research in the United Kingdom), the Scottish Intercollegiate …
Characterization of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers in <i>BRCA1</i> mutation carriers.
Authors: Y Wang, L Collins, S Schnitt, J Garber, N Tung
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1105 Background: Invasive breast cancers (IBC) in BRCA1 mutation carriers are usually estrogen receptor (ER) negative (-) and more than 80% have a basal-like molecular phenotype. These tumors are typically poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinomas with a high mitotic rate and frequently show a prominent lymphoid infiltrate, pushing or circumscribed margins, and geographic necrosis or a central fibrotic focus. However, some women with BRCA1 germline mutations develop ER positive (+) cancers; little is known about the characteristics of the ER+ tumors in this group.&amp;#x2028; Design: We identified 41 ER+ IBC that developed in women with BRCA1 germline mutations with available pathologic material for review. The histologic features were analyzed in detail and compared with those of 45 ER- IBC that developed among BRCA1 mutation carriers.&amp;#x2028; Results: Mean patient age was 46y for ER+ and 45y for ER- cases. Ninety percent of the ER+ cases and all the ER- cases were invasive ductal carcinomas or invasive carcinomas with ductal and lobular features. There were 2 mucinous and 2 tubular carcinomas in the ER+ group. The ER+ cancers exhibited a range of histologic grades: 12 (29.3%) were grade I, 10 (24.4%) grade II, and 18 (43.9%) grade III (1 case of microinvasive carcinoma could not be graded). In contrast, 43 of the 45 ER- cancers were grade III (95.6%) and 1 (2.2%) grade II (1 case of microinvasive carcinoma could not be graded). Histologic features commonly seen in association with ER- BRCA1 mutation-associated IBC were compared between the two groups and the results are summarized in the table.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Of note, a brisk mitotic rate, pushing margin, and the presence of geographic necrosis/central fibrosis were all significantly more common in ER- than in ER+ tumors.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to document in detail the histologic features of the uncommon ER+ IBC occurring in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Our observations suggest that ER+ IBC in BRCA1 mutation carriers represent a morphologically diverse group. This raises the possibility that at least some ER+ IBC that develop in women with germline BRCA1 mutations may be sporadic rather than BRCA1-associated. We are currently analyzing these lesions with a panel of biomarkers and assays for loss of heterozygosity at the BRCA1 mutation sites to further address this important issue.&amp;#x2028; This work was supported by a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1105.
Monoculture-derived T lymphocytes specific for multiple viruses expand and produce clinically relevant effects in immunocompromised individuals
Authors: Ann M Leen, G Doug Myers, Uluhan Sili, M Helen Huls, Heidi Weiss, Kathryn S Leung, George Carrum, Robert A Krance, Chung-Che Chang, Jeffrey J Molldrem, Adrian P Gee, Malcolm K Brenner, Helen E Heslop, Cliona M Rooney, Catherine M Bollard
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Tumor-specific immunity and antiangiogenesis generated by a DNA vaccine encoding calreticulin linked to a tumor antigen
Authors: Wen-Fang Cheng, Chien-Fu Hung, Chee-Yin Chai, Keng-Fu Hsu, Liangmei He, Morris Ling, T.-C. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy and antiangiogenesis have emerged as two attractive strategies for cancer treatment. An innovative approach that combines both mechanisms will likely generate the most potent antitumor effect. We tested this approach using calreticulin (CRT), which has demonstrated the ability to enhance MHC class I presentation and exhibit an antiangiogenic effect. We explored the linkage of CRT to a model tumor antigen, human papilloma virus type-16 (HPV-16) E7, for the development of a DNA vaccine. We found that C57BL/6 mice vaccinated intradermally with CRT/E7 DNA exhibited a dramatic increase in E7-specific CD8+ T cell precursors and an impressive antitumor effect against E7-expressing tumors compared with mice vaccinated with wild-type E7 DNA or CRT DNA. Vaccination of CD4/CD8 double-depleted C57BL/6 mice and immunocompromised (BALB/c nu/nu) mice with CRT/E7 DNA or CRT DNA generated significant reduction of lung tumor nodules compared with wild-type E7 DNA, suggesting that antiangiogenesis may have contributed to the antitumor effect. Examination of microvessel density in lung tumor nodules and an in vivo angiogenesis assay further confirmed the antiangiogenic effect generated by CRT/E7 and CRT. Thus, cancer therapy using CRT linked to a tumor antigen holds promise for treating tumors by combining antigen-specific immunotherapy and antiangiogenesis.