tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Answer to the comment of Dr. Petros et al. on our manuscript about accumulation of oral antibiotics as an adverse effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract
Authors: M. J. Smit, J. I. van der Spoel, A. M. G. A. de Smet, E. de Jonge, R. A. J. Kuiper, E. J. van Lieshout
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

Dear Editor-in-Chief,

Dr. Petros et al. noted in their comment to our case-report about accumulation of oral antibiotics in the digestive tract [1] that, we did not estimate the incidence of this side effect. No published case-reports of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) accumulation were found and we are not aware of similar cases besides our report. Therefore, SDD accumulation seems very rare. It may remain unrecognized, but apparently an accumulation of clinical importance has not been described earlier.

Dr. Petros et al. also requested us to report the composition of the SDD paste and suspension. The SDD liquid suspension is composed of polymyxin E, tobramycin-sulphate, water, methylhydroxybenzoate and amphotericin B. The latter suspension contains carboxymethylcellulose. In case 1, the SDD paste includes liquid paraffin and hypromellose besides the antibiotics. In cases 2 and 3, Orabase (Convatec) is used instead of hypromellose.

Furthermore, in the ICU departments of cases 1 and 3, nasogastric tubes were manufactured from transparent polyvinyl chloride and not changed on a routine base.

The alternative diagnoses suggested by Dr. Petros et al. are highly appreciated. However, esophageal obstruction by solidification of enteral feed is very rare and seldom reported in the literature. Interactions with drugs like sucralfate may play a role [2], but in none of our cases sucralfate was administered. In our cases, SDD compounds were identified in the clots by pharmaceutical analysis in different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract. Awareness of potential accumulation of SDD in the digestive tract may lead to early recognition and prevention of this complication. Thorough cleansing of the oropharynx before applying the next dose of SDD paste might prevent this complication. However, this apparently seldom occuring complication should not prohibit application of SDD as a proven strategy to decrease nosocomial infections and mortality in critically ill patients.
Abnormally differentiated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells with phenotypic and genetic features of double negative T cells in human Fas deficiency
Authors: Anne Rensing-Ehl, Simon Völkl, Carsten Speckmann, Myriam Ricarda Lorenz, Julia Ritter, Ales Janda, Mario Abinun, Hanspeter Pircher, Bertram Bengsch, Robert Thimme, Ilka Fuchs, Sandra Ammann, Andrea Allgäuer, Karim Kentouche, Andrew Cant, Sophie Hambleton, Claudia Bettoni da Cunha, Sebastian Huetker, Ingrid Kühnle, Arnulf Pekrun, Markus G. Seidel, Michael Hummel, Andreas Mackensen, Klaus Schwarz, Stephan Ehl
Journal: Blood (2014)
Increasing Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in 0- to 17-Year-Old Colorado Youth
Authors: Kendra Vehik, Richard F. Hamman, Dennis Lezotte, Jill M. Norris, Georgeanna Klingensmith, Clifford Bloch, Marian Rewers, Dana Dabelea
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—We sought to assess the long-term trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes among non-Hispanic white and Hispanic youth aged 0–17 years from Colorado using data from the Colorado IDDM Study Registry (1978–1988) and SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (2002–2004). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Cases of diabetes were ascertained through physician reporting and hospital databases. Type 1 diabetes was defined as use of insulin within 2 weeks from diagnosis. Completeness of ascertainment was estimated as 97%. Annual average incidence rates (per 100,000/year) and 95% CIs for the time periods were computed. Trends in incidence were assessed by Poisson regression. RESULTS—The incidence of type 1 diabetes was 14.8 (95% CI 14.0–15.6) in 1978–1988 and 23.9 (22.2–25.6) in 2002–2004 for the state of Colorado (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). From 1978 to 2004, the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased by 2.3% (1.6–3.1) per year (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The increase in incidence was significant for both non-Hispanic white (2.7% [95% CI 1.9–3.6] per year, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and Hispanic youth (1.6% [0.2–3.1] per year, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS—The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased 1.6-fold among Colorado youth from 1978–1988 to 2002–2004, and both non-Hispanic white and Hispanic youth are affected by this trend.
Good English for Medical Writers
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book is an excellent catechism for physicians who are writing papers. Roberts lists the main sources he has used for reference and in consultation. Although it is largely a list of British sources, what he has to say is clearly applicable to writing in America. Roberts does not believe that much deterioration in style is taking place. What he says may be true in British medical writing, but it is certainly not true of writing done in the United States. Even to begin with, our medical journalism lacked distinction. Things were not very good and as time has gone on they have gotten worse. This is not surprising when one realizes that, of all the forms of communication and expression, that of formal writing is the most taxing. When the writing deals with technically difficult aspects of problems which are far from simple, the opportunity for confusion is enhanced.
Transplantation of Tolerance.
Authors: Nathaniel B. Kurmick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Transplantation of Tolerance.Nathaniel B. Kurmick, M.D., F.A.C.P., Barbara HicksNathaniel B. Kurmick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Barbara HicksSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1091_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTransplantation of immunity by injection of immunized spleen cells indicates that production of antibodies is a positive transferable characteristic. The demonstration of transplantability of tolerance in the same manner would suggest that this is also a positive transferable characteristic. Lethally irradiated CF No. 1 mice were injected intravenously with spleen cells from (1) donors previously immunized against rat red blood cells, (2) donors made tolerant by intracardiac injection of rat red blood cells at birth, and (3) normal donors. Mice injected with normal spleen cells did not develop rat red blood cell agglutinins spontaneously but did develop immunity when challenged... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nathaniel B. Kurmick, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Barbara HicksAffiliations: Los Angeles, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1091-1091KeywordsAntibodiesBirthBlood donorsCellsImmunityRed blood cellsSpleenTransplantation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE AND ANNULAR ERYTHEMA WITH SELECTIVK IgA DEFICIENCY AND MIXED CRYOGLOBULTNAEMIA
Authors: J. J. CREAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Summary.— A patient with peripheral vascular disease, annular erythema and Sjögren's syndrome is described. A selective IgA deficiency, which was not apparent on routine serum protein electrophoresis, and mixed cryoglobulinaemia were additional features of her autoimmune disease.
The Virus That Ate Cannibals
Authors: Hilda L. Slive
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The Virus That Ate Cannibals sounds like the title of a third-rate horror film, but don't let it put you off. This medical detective book about virus research, although entertaining, is meticulously researched, and the author does not talk down to her audience. Some of the book may even be hard going for those without a scientific background, particularly the discussion of retroviruses in the chapter on cancer-causing viruses.  There are six chapters, each narrating one campaign in the ongoing battle to understand the bit of biochemical matter called a virus. The first five chapters have two leading characters each: a disease, and a scientist who either helped to triumph over the disease or contributed to a better understanding of its causes. Included are Max Theiler and yellow fever, Albert Sabin and poliomyelitis, Christopher Andrews and the common cold, Carleton Gadjusek and kuru, and David Baltimore and cancer. The last
The purpose of exchange helps shape the mode of exchange
Authors: Raymond Hames
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

In his state-of-the-art review, Gurven compares evolutionary theories of food transfers in ethnographic settings. Although this is useful, I suggest that one must first try to determine the utility of food transfers before making predictions about which parties ought to receive food. In addition, I argue that tests of kin selection theory present a special problem in food transfers.
Steroid Aerosols in Asthma: An Assessment of Betamethasone Valerate and a 12-month Study of Patients on Maintenance Treatment
Authors: M. K. McAllen, S. J. Kochanowski, K. M. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Betamethasone valerate aerosol is a new compound for the treatment of asthma. Its clinical effectiveness was established in a double-blind cross-over trial in non-steroid-dependent asthmatic patients. At a dosage of 400 to 800 μg/day for three months there was no evidence of suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, as assessed by tetracosactrin and insulin stress tests. A 12-month follow-up study of 120 patients using steroid aerosols (betamethasone valerate or beclomethasone dipropionate) indicated that tolerance does not develop and that a daily maintenance dose of 200 μg/day was adequate in most patients. Temporary lack of response was observed during episodes of sputum production or of heavy exposure to antigen. There were no observed side effects other than fungal infections of the respiratory tract. However, the incidence of candidiasis of the pharynx (13%) and particularly of the larynx (5%) in apparently immunologically normal patients was disturbing. These infections were not seen in patients taking 200 μg/day. Though there is yet no evidence that fungal infections associated with steroid aerosols may penetrate the trachea and bronchi the possibility of this indicates that caution should be exercised in their use, particularly in long-term high dosage.
A shameful trade
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The peace dividend forecast at the end of the cold war seems a distant fantasy now. Britain continues to spend twice the European average on “defence”—but what this actually means is that Britain continues to maintain a large armaments industry. At least one third of the 500000 jobs in defence industries depend on exports.

Among the weapons that Britain exports are landmines, a cause of immense sufferings to non-combatants in countries as far apart as the former Yugoslavia and Afghanistan. Mines have killed or severely injured at least one million people in the past 20 years, many of them children. In the second world war these weapons …
Prevalence of adult asthma symptoms in relation to climate in New Zealand.
Authors: S Hales, S Lewis, T Slater, J Crane, N Pearce
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

We conducted an ecological study linking prevalence of adult asthma symptoms with climate in the 93 New Zealand general electorates. For each electorate, the 12-month period prevalence of self-reported asthma symptoms was determined using a random sample of adults aged 20-44 on the 1991 New Zealand electoral roll. Long-term average climate was estimated using a national climate database and a geographic information system. Asthma prevalence was calculated within quartiles of the exposure variables. Independent effects of climate variables were assessed using linear regression models, with adjustment for confounding by climate, social deprivation, and geographic variables. There was a statistically significant association between asthma prevalence and mean temperature, with the lowest quartile of mean temperature having an approximately 2% lower asthma prevalence. After adjusting for confounding, there was a monotonic increase in asthma prevalence within quartiles of temperature. The results of this study are in agreement with other research suggesting a lower prevalence of asthma at low temperatures. Although on short (day-to-day) time scales, low temperatures may have a direct effect resulting in acute exacerbations of asthma symptoms, warmer average temperatures are associated with increased asthma prevalence. The reasons for this are unclear, although it is possible that on longer term (annual) time scales, higher temperatures are associated with higher levels of allergen exposure.
THE FULL, CORRECTION OF AMETROPIA.Read in the Section of Ophthalmology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

There is fairly general agreement that theoretically the emmetropie eye is the ideal eye; that it approaches its work under the most favorable conditions, that its possessor is to be congratulated, and that when an amctropic eye suffers from strain, one of the most important things that can be done for it—no matter what the kind of arnetropia, no matter what its grade—is to give it the optical aids that will make the conditions under which it works more nearly approach those of the emmetropie eye. But in practice, I am aware that very many of you will not agree to follow the logical train to its legitimate sequence, that the best optical aid that you can furnish the ametropic eye is that which will most exactly conform its conditions of labor to those of the emmetropie eye; that is, the full correction of its arnetropia. The position that if
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Evening Mood at Schlachtensee&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Open Community Trial of Live Rubella Vaccines
Authors: Jorge A. Veronelli
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Six hundred and thirty six families including 1,686 children participated in a trial of HPV-77-derived live attenuated rubella virus vaccines. Transmission of vaccine virus was not observed among 347 susceptible household contacts of vaccinated children. The observed absence of transmission of vaccine virus indicates that vaccination of children is unlikely to represent a hazard to their pregnant mother. Antibody levels induced by vaccination were lower than those induced by natural disease. Statistically significant differences in antigenic efficacy were observed among the three vaccines tested. The paucity of data so far available on long-term protection afforded by vaccination and on susceptibility to reinfection among vaccines and its significance make it advisable to continue the surveillance of children that participated in controlled trials.
Respiratory Maturity In Infants
Authors: Warren D. Grafton
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rosenfeld and Eichenwald, in their commentary, "The L-S Ratio" (227:619, 1974), pointed out that misleading data are sometimes obtained with the amniotic fluid ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin (L-S ratio). They suggest that the ratio should be combined with other determinations in estimation of fetal maturity, such as the creatinine concentration and evaluation of fetal squamous cells in amniotic fluid. I would like to offer this summary of my experience with estimation of fetal maturity by cytologic methods. Amniotic fluid examination was performed on 62 specimens from 43 patients, in an attempt to estimate fetal maturity. Examination consisted of determination of percentage of orangophilic cells with 0.1% Nile blue sulfate stain, determination of percentages of parabasal intermediate, superficial, and anuclear squamous cells on Papanicolaoustained smears, and determination of the creatinine concentration. The correlation coefficient (r) was determined comparing the percentages of orangophilic and anuclear squamous cells, and
New types of human papillomaviruses and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies: a classification of inclusion warts according to clinical features, histology and associated HPV types
Authors: K. EGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Summary Two new types of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (ICBs) associated with distinct clinical features, and the presence of DNA of distinct types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are reported. One hundred and seven cutaneous warts containing ICBs were grouped into three categories according to distinct clinicopathological features: 67 were wart lesions with well-known granular (Gr)-ICB. 1 3 were punctate keratotic lesions with filamentous (Fl)-ICB and 31 were pigmented warts with homogeneous (Hg)-ICB. Molecular biological studies were performed in order to assess a specific association of each group of warts with distinct types of HPV. HPV-1 DNA sequences were detected in all the lesions with a Gr-ICB. Punctate keratotic lesions with Fl-ICB were associated with HPV-63, which was newly cloned from such a lesion. One of the samples also contained HPV-1 DNA. Pigmentcd warts with Hg-ICBs contained one of the related HPVs, i.e. HPV-4. HPV-60 or a novel type of HPV, HPV-65. Based on these associations, a classification of inclusion warts is proposed.
An Immunomodulatory Procedure That Stabilizes Transgene Expression and Permits Readministration of E1-Deleted Adenovirus Vectors
Authors: Alexei I. Kuzmin, Oxana Galenko, Randy C. Eisensmith
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Immune responses against E1-deleted adenovirus vectors and/or their transgene products result in the rapid elimination of vector-transduced cells and the generation of neutralizing antibodies. Different strategies of immunomodulation to stabilize transgene expression at therapeutic levels and to permit productive vector readministration have been examined. Our previous studies have shown that depletion of macrophages from spleen and liver decreases hepatic inflammation, significantly prolongs transgene expression, and delays the onset of humoral immune responses after systemic administration of an E1-deleted adenovirus vector. In the present study, we have examined the effects of macrophage depletion in combination with temporary blockade of CD40 ligation on E1-deleted adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer. Alone, each of these treatments significantly inhibited the humoral immune response against the transgene product and prolonged its expression. Together, these treatments completely stabilized transgene expression and inhibited the production of neutralizing anti-adenovirus antibodies, permitting successful vector readministration. Animals rendered immunologically unresponsive to vector and transgene antigens regained their ability to mount productive immune responses against the vector after recovery of immune function, but remained unresponsive to the transgene product. These experiments demonstrate that this treatment is transient and antigen-specific.
Treatment of Radioresistant Stem-Like Esophageal Cancer Cells by an Apoptotic Gene-Armed, Telomerase-Specific Oncolytic Adenovirus
Authors: Xiaochun Zhang, Ritsuko Komaki, Li Wang, Bingliang Fang, Joe Y. Chang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Radioresistance may be caused by cancer stem cells (CSC). Because CSCs require telomerase to proliferate, a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviral vector carrying apoptotic tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand and E1A gene (Ad/TRAIL-E1) may preferentially target CSCs. Experimental Design: We established two pairs of parental and radioresistant (R) esophageal carcinoma cell lines (Seg-1, Seg-1R and TE-2, TE-2R) by fractionated irradiation. Stem cell markers were measured by Western blotting and flow cytometry. Serial sorting was used to enrich stem-like side population cells. Telomerase activity, transgene expression, antitumor activity, apoptosis induction, and viral replication were determined in vitro and/or in vivo. Results: Expression of the stem cell markers β-catenin, Oct3/4, and β1 integrin in Seg-1R cells was 29.4%, 27.5%, and 97.3%, respectively, compared with 4.8%, 14.9%, and 45.3% in Seg-1 cells (P &amp;lt; 0.05). SP levels in Seg-1R and TE-2R cells were 14.6% and 2.7%, respectively, compared with 3.4% and 0.3% in Seg-1 and TE-2 cells. Serial sorting of Seg-1R SP cells showed enrichment of the SP cells. Telomerase activities in Seg-1R, Seg-1R SP, and TE-2R cells were significantly higher than in Seg-1, Seg-1R non-SP, and TE-2 cells, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Seg-1R and TE-2R cells were more sensitive to Ad/TRAIL-E1 than parental cells. Increased Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor and elevated transgene expressions were found in the radioresistant cells. Ad/TRAIL-E1 resulted in significant tumor growth suppression and longer survival in Seg-1R–bearing mice (P &amp;lt; 0.05) with no significant toxicity. Conclusion: Radioresistant cells established by fractionated irradiation display CSC-like cell properties. Ad/TRAIL-E1 preferentially targets radioresistant CSC-like cells.
SOME PROBLEMS IN ROENTGEN DIAGNOSIS OF SILICOSIS
Authors: Eugene P. Pendergrass
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The roentgenologic aspects of silicosis are well known to many physicians interested in occupational diseases of the chest. The criteria for the roentgen diagnosis of silicosis have been described and effectively correlated with experimental and pathological observations. In spite of all the information available to those who are called upon to give opinions on workers in a silica hazard, oftentimes it is impossible to render a correct interpretation and on other occasions the wrong diagnosis is made. My personal experience with some of these difficulties has prompted the selection of three totally different observations or groups for consideration. <h3>ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATIONS</h3> It is generally conceded that the roentgen examination, properly done, is the most precise method available for demonstrating visible shadows of pathological changes produced by silicosis. In this country the diagnosis of silicosis is not made, as a rule, in the absence of positive roentgen evidence of the condition.