tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-070 The Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Sleeve (Endobarrier Gastrointestinal Liner) For Weight Loss and Treatment of Type Ii Diabetes
Authors: S Patel, D Hakim, J Mason, N Hakim
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Duodenal–jejunal bypass sleeve (EndoBarrier Gastrointestinal Liner) is an endoscopically and fluoroscopically inserted implant designed to aid weight loss, treat type II diabetes mellitus and improve the cardiovascular risk profile of subjects. We aimed to trial this device in a cohort of patients to assess efficacy. <h3>Methods</h3> We implanted the EndoBarrier bypass sleeve into 57 patients from January 2011 to December 2012. The EndoBarrier is an impermeable fluoropolymer sleeve that is reversibly fixated to the duodenal bulb and extends 80cm into the small bowel, usually terminating in the proximal jejunum. It is implanted in the GI tract endoscopically to create a barrier between food and the wall of the intestine and to delay the mixing of digestive enzymes with food. It alters the activation of hormonal signals that originate in the intestine, thus mimicking the effects of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure without surgery. <h3>Results</h3> Results showed weight loss in all patients, as well as lowering of blood sugar levels. Only 1 early device removal (due migration) occurred. There were no major postoperative side effects. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Results confirm that the device reduces blood sugar levels and triggers weight loss. This non-permanent device implanted and removed endoscopically, controlled blood sugar and weight loss without the trauma of surgery. Clinical trials to date, involving more than 300 patients, have demonstrated significant weight loss and diabetes improvement with the Endobarrier. However, since this is a new procedure and due to the lack of data, it is not yet known if weight loss and diabetes benefits will persist. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM IN AFRICAN NEGROES*
Authors: L. J. A. LOEWENTHAL, H. C. TROWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1938)

Journal Article XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM IN AFRICAN NEGROES* Get access L. J. A. LOEWENTHAL, M.D., M.R.C.P., L. J. A. LOEWENTHAL, M.D., M.R.C.P. Uganda Medical Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. C. TROWELL, M.D., M.R.C.P. H. C. TROWELL, M.D., M.R.C.P. Uganda Medical Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 50, Issue 2, 1 February 1938, Pages 66–71, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1938.tb10474.x Published: 01 February 1938
An alternative for the NHS
Authors: C Ham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The publication of Health 2000,1 the Labour party's document on health and health services in Britain, indicates the outlines of an alternative health policy. Published on the same day that the government announced further substantial changes to London's hospital services resulting from the operation of the internal market, the document rejects the use of competition in the NHS. Instead, Labour's policy emphasises the importance of effective planning and the need for greater openness in the running of the NHS. A range of options is put forward for achieving these objectives, and a period of consultation will now begin.

In line with the established rituals of political debate, Health 2000 starts ith a critique of Conservative policies on the NHS. Labour pulls no punches in pointing out what it sees as the flaws of these policies: the emphasis on privatisation and commercialisation, corruption in the use of public funds, and the emergence of a two tier service as a consequence of general practice fundholding. The document promises to reverse these developments, reasserting the importance of the founding principles of the NHS and arguing that improvements in both health and health services will be achieved only through coordination of policies in different sectors.

In setting out these arguments Health 2000 does not propose turning the clock back to 1979. Rather, there is acceptance that some of the changes that have resulted from Working for Patients are worth while and should be adapted for Labour's own purposes. Most notably, the purchaser-provider split would be retained, although …
Distribution of Pain in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: KENNETH KREINES
Journal: Circulation (1957)

In acute myocardial infarction the possible relation of localization and radiation of the pain to the localization and extent of the infarct has engaged the interest of many clinicians. The clinical records, electrocardiograms, and autopsy protocols of 104 cases of myocardial infarction were carefully examined to determine if there is an association between the location and extent of involved myocardium and the radiation of pain to "atypical" sites such as the back and the epigastrium.
Genomewide Association between<i>GLCCI1</i>and Response to Glucocorticoid Therapy in Asthma
Authors: Kelan G. Tantisira, Jessica Lasky-Su, Michishige Harada, Amy Murphy, Augusto A. Litonjua, Blanca E. Himes, Christoph Lange, Ross Lazarus, Jody Sylvia, Barbara Klanderman, Qing Ling Duan, Weiliang Qiu, Tomomitsu Hirota, Fernando D. Martinez, David Mauger, Christine Sorkness, Stanley Szefler, Stephen C. Lazarus, Robert F. Lemanske, Stephen P. Peters, John J. Lima, Yusuke Nakamura, Mayumi Tamari, Scott T. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The response to treatment for asthma is characterized by wide interindividual variability, with a significant number of patients who have no response. We hypothesized that a genomewide association study would reveal novel pharmacogenetic determinants of the response to inhaled glucocorticoids.
Fortnightly review: Cosmetic surgery
Authors: J. L Hoeyberghs
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Cosmetic surgery is a rapidly growing medical specialty both in the numbers of patients treated and in the techniques and approaches available. This review consolidates the information available on cosmetic surgery from popular literature, the media, and advisory services.


Doctors differ in their attitude to surgery for cosmetic reasons only. Patients requesting such surgery are usually normal individuals, but with a heightened consciousness about their looks. A proportion of them may seek advice on what, to them, seems an unsatisfactory appearance. They deserve the same professional approach and empathy as patients seeking help for clinical disorders. I would like to encourage the non-specialist to approach cosmetic surgery objectively. By understanding what may be achieved cosmetically, patients can receive invaluable advice, and appropriate referrals can be organised. 


Summary points


Cosmetic surgery remains highly dependent on the skill of the operator, and technological advance should be viewed with this in mind


Large volume infiltration can reduce the cost to benefit ratio for selected indications


Lasers have a relatively limited niche in medical aesthetics


No single method of breast augmentation has all advantages


Three surgical procedures can correct facial ageing: resurfacing, subdermal augmentation, and face lift surgery


Multidisciplinary team work is a practical way to provide a comprehensive service for the patient requiring cosmetic surgery
Inside Russian Medicine: An American Doctor's Firsthand Report
Authors: Richard Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We know too little about Soviet society. Of its science, sociology, and culture we are woefully ill-informed. This book tries to fill that gap by offering insights for a general readership into health and medical care in the USSR. The American appetite for information about health shows no signs of being sated, and this book should find many readers. The author participated in several official tours of the USSR and was provoked by that experience to pursue a study of Soviet medicine. Dr Knaus's unique opportunity to combine a practicing physician's perspective with wide access to Soviet medicine has produced a lively discussion of this behindthe-scenes aspect of Soviet life. We come into close contact with ordinary Russian people and feel something of the human conditions we have in common.  This book has major deficiencies, however. First, the emphasis is too often not on an analysis of Russian medicine on
Toxic Complications of Treatment with 6-Mercaptopurine
Authors: P. A. Clark, Y. E. Hsia, R. G. Huntsman
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Earlier studies on the aetiology and treatment of premenstrual tension are reviewed, and a study of 30 consecutive patients in general practice is reported.All of these patients received treatment with chlorothiazide, meprobamate, ethisterone, dimethisterone, and a placebo.Over half of the patients obtained complete relief or marked improvement with meprobamate, one- third with chlorothiazide, and one-fifth with pro- gesterone derivatives.Possible conclusions to be drawn from the results of this series are discussed.I thank Merck Sharpe and Dobme Limited for supplying chlorothiazide (" saluric ") and identical placebo tablets, British Drug Houses Ltd. for supplying ethi'terone and dimethisterone (" secrosteron") tablets, and John Wyeth & Brother Limited for suipplying meprobamate (" equanil ") tablets.I also thank Dr. B. W. Cromie for his help with the bibliography involved in this study.
SUBMUCOUS FIBROID; FIBROID UTERUS; CURETTEMENT AND ANTERIOR FIXATION.
Authors: E. E. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1899)

<h3>Submucous fibroid.</h3> —One week ago I brought this patient before you, and removed a fibroid growth which had been extruded from the cavity of the uterus into the vagina. This condition is recognized as submucous fibroid, or submucous polypus. The tumor, hung by a pedicle, was very easily twisted off; but the principal difficulty was in the subsequent removal of the tumor. The patient has done well; there has been no abnormal range of temperature, and her condition is excellent. She sits up to day. Such growths are not unfrequently a source of considerable difficulty in diagnosis. Thus, where the pedicle, or a portion of the tumor is closely constricted by the uterus and sloughing or gangrene of a portion of the tumor results, which causes very profuse discharge, not infrequently hemorrhages, the physician, unless careful in making examination, is led to believe that a malignant disease exists. The digital
Indocyanine green-augmented diode laser therapy vs. long-pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser treatment of telangiectatic leg veins: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: A. Klein, M. Buschmann, P. Babilas, M. Landthaler, W. Bäumler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Telangiectatic leg veins (TLV) represent a common cosmetic problem. Near infrared lasers have been widely used in treatment because of their deeper penetration into the dermis, but with varying degrees of success, particularly because of different vessel diameters. Indocyanine green (ICG)-augmented diode laser treatment (ICG+DL) may present an alternative treatment option.This trial evaluates the efficacy of ICG+DL in the treatment of TLV and compares the safety and efficacy of therapy with the standard treatment, the long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser.In a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, 29 study participants with TLV were treated with a Nd:YAG laser (λem = 1064 nm, 160-240 J cm(-2) , 65-ms pulse duration, 5-mm spot size) and ICG+DL (λem = 810 nm, 60-110 J cm(-2) , 48-87-ms pulse duration, 6-mm spot size; total ICG dose 4 mg kg(-1) ) in a side-by-side comparison in one single treatment setting that included histological examination in four participants. Two blinded investigators and the participants assessed clearance rate, cosmetic appearance and adverse events up to 3 months after treatment.According to both the investigators' and participants' assessment, clearance rates were significantly better after ICG+DL therapy than after Nd:YAG laser treatment (P < 0·05). On a 10-point scale indicating pain during treatment, participants rated ICG+DL therapy to be more painful (6·1 ± 2·0) than Nd:YAG laser (5·4 ± 2·0).ICG+DL therapy represents a new and promising treatment modality for TLV, with high clearance rates and a very good cosmetic outcome after one single treatment session.
Sialomucin expression is associated with erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression, early recurrence, and cancer death in non-small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: C J Yu, C T Shun, P C Yang, Y C Lee, J Y Shew, S H Kuo, K T Luh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Mucin production, when heavily sialylated, can promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and modulate the immune recognition system of the host. To explore the prognostic implication of sialomucin expression in lung cancer, we studied 116 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor specimens were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against mucin glycoprotein (17Q2, HMFG2, SM3), and histochemically with periodic acid-Schiff/alcian blue to differentiate neutral mucin from acid mucin, and with high-iron diamine/alcian blue to differentiate sialomucin from sulfomucin. The expression status of two established molecular prognostic factors, the p53 and erbB-2 oncoproteins, were evaluated immunohistochemically. The staining was performed on two separately archived, paraffin-embedded tumor blocks for each patient, with normal lung as a control. Correlations were subsequently made among stains and various clinicopathologic factors. All analyses were blinded, and included Kaplan-Meier survival estimates with Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Associations were established among adenocarcinoma histotype and erbB-2 overexpression, sialomucin expression, and 17Q2 and HMFG2 immunohistochemical positivity (p < 0.05). Sialomucin expression was closely linked to erbB-2 overexpression (p = 0.01). Significant univariate predictors (p < 0.05) of recurrence and cancer death were surgical stage, p53 expression, erbB-2 overexpression, and sialomucin expression. These four factors remained as independent predictors of early recurrence (p < 0.05) after multivariate analysis. For cancer death prediction, p53 and sialomucin expression had a marginal effect. We concluded that sialomucin expression is also a poor indicator of prognosis, which is associated with erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression, early postoperative recurrence, and cancer death in NSCLC.
Binding specificity of α-bilirubin-imprinted poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate) toward α-bilirubin
Authors: Mei-Jywan Syu, Jing-Hong Deng, You-Ming Nian, Tsung-Chieh Chiu, An-Hua Wu
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Radio Frequency Nonionizing Radiation in a Community Exposed to Radio and Television Broadcasting
Authors: James B. Burch, Maggie Clark, Michael G. Yost, Cole T.E. Fitzpatrick, Annette M. Bachand, Jaya Ramaprasad, John S. Reif
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Exposure to radio frequency (RF) nonionizing radiation from telecommunications is pervasive in modern society. Elevated disease risks have been observed in some populations exposed to radio and television transmissions, although findings are inconsistent. This study quantified RF exposures among 280 residents living near the broadcasting transmitters for Denver, Colorado. RF power densities outside and inside each residence were obtained, and a global positioning system (GPS) identified geographic coordinates and elevations. A view-shed model within a geographic information system (GIS) characterized the average distance and percentage of transmitters visible from each residence. Data were collected at the beginning and end of a 2.5-day period, and some measurements were repeated 8-29 months later. RF levels logged at 1-min intervals for 2.5 days varied considerably among some homes and were quite similar among others. The greatest differences appeared among homes within 1 km of the transmitters. Overall, there were no differences in mean residential RF levels compared over 2.5 days. However, after a 1- to 2-year follow-up, only 25% of exterior and 38% of interior RF measurements were unchanged. Increasing proximity, elevation, and line-of-sight visibility were each associated with elevated RF exposures. At average distances from > 1-3 km, exterior RF measurements were 13-30 times greater among homes that had > 50% of the transmitters visible compared with homes with < or = 50% visibility at those distances. This study demonstrated that both spatial and temporal factors contribute to residential RF exposure and that GPS/GIS technologies can improve RF exposure assessment and reduce exposure misclassification.
Tc-99m Leukocyte Imaging in Acute Graft Versus Host Disease
Authors: Laura A. Drubach, Susan A. Connolly, Leonard P. Connolly
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Donor cells trigger an immunologic attack on tissues of the immunocompromised host. Affected patients develop dermatitis, enteritis, and hepatitis within 100 days of BMT. Extensive small bowel involvement was indicated by Tc-99m-labeled leukocyte imaging in a 16-year-old girl with acute GVHD. Evidence of prolonged pulmonary leukocyte traffic, which can result from in vivo activation of labeled leukocytes, was also shown.
A THIMBLE PLEXIMETER.
Authors: W. C. LANGHORST
Journal: JAMA (1902)

I have devised a pleximeter that will overcome the difficulties and complexities of the present method of percussion by making it possible not to require more than the end of the finger to be used as the hammer proper, the balance of the finger acting with the hand and wrist. In order to do this the end of the finger must be properly weighted. The amount of weight should vary with one's proficiency in the use of the present method, the less experienced the greater the weight and vice versa. The pleximeter is preferably made of metal, thimble-shaped, with a gum tip which must be of an exact size for each pleximeter; the size and thickness of this tip should vary with the weight principally. The gum tip serves two important purposes—it protects the finger struck, and it causes the finger to which it is attached to rebound more quickly,
Epicardial activation in patients with left bundle branch block.
Authors: C R Wyndham, T Smith, M K Meeran, R Mammana, S Levitsky, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1980)

To elucidate the abnormalities in ventricular activation sequence in human left bundle branch block (LBBB), epicardial mapping was performed in five patients, ages [52][53][54][55][56][57][58] years, undergoing coronary bypass surgery, and the results were compared with similar data published from patients without conduction defect.Three patients had chronic and two patients intraoperative LBBB.ECGs during LBBB revealed a QRS duration of 130-160 msec and a mean QRS axis of -15°to +45.Epicardial mapping revealed 1) anterior right ventricular (RV) epicardial breakthrough (5-26 msec after QRS onset), normal in site in all patients, but abnormally early in timing relative to QRS onset in three patients with chronic LBBB, and earlier compared with preoperative maps in two patients with intraoperative LBBB; 2) normal location of latest RV epicardial activation in four of five patients, but abnormally late occurrence of this event 100, 108 and 110 msec after QRS onset in three of five patients; 3) absence of discrete left ventricular (LV) epicardial breakthroughs in all patients; 4) slow transseptal epicardial activation (crowded isochrones) from right to left, with anteroseptal crossing preceding inferoseptal crossing; 5) activation of the anterolateral left ventricle before the inferior LV epicardium; 6) more widely spaced isochrones, implying more rapid conduction, over the LV free wall epicar- dium; and 7) location and timing of latest LV epicardial activation in an abnormal site, and abnormally late relative to QRS onset (113-140 msec, mean 124 msec) in all patients.This event occurred a mean of 20 msec before the end of the QRS in the five patients.In conclusion, with normal axis, human LBBB is associated with initiation of ventricular activation closer to anterior RV recording sites than is normal activation, slow leftward transseptal activation, a generally anteroinferior orientation of LV activation, and probable engagement of the distal LV Purkinje system during the latter part of the QRS.THE CURRENT UNDERSTANDING of ventric- ular activation during left bundle branch block (LBBB) in humans is based on deductive electro- cardiography, animal experimentation, and limited electrocardiographic-pathologic correlations in pa- tients with LBBB.1-8To our knowledge, only one ex- ample of directly recorded activation data in chronic human LBBB has been reported.9In order to study systematically the mode of activation of the left ven- tricle during LBBB, five patients, three with chronic and two with acute LBBB, underwent epicardial map- ping during open heart surgery. Materials and MethodsFive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery at the University of Illinois Hospital and the Westside Veterans Administration Hospital were ap- proached preoperatively, and informed written con- sent was obtained for epicardial mapping under a protocol approved by the University of Illinois Human Investigation Committee.Patients 1, 2 and 3
Determinants of Coronary Remodeling in Transplant Coronary Disease
Authors: Severin P. Schwarzacher, Neal G. Uren, Michael R. Ward, Anne Schwarzkopf, Nadia Giannetti, Sharon Hunt, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Stephen N. Oesterle, Alan C. Yeung
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Coronary remodeling plays a significant role in lumen loss in transplant allograft vasculopathy (TxCAD), but the determinants of remodeling are unknown. We assessed the relationship between remodeling and plaque topography, coronary compliance, and blood flow in TxCAD. Methods and Results —One artery in each of 27 transplant patients was investigated with simultaneous intravascular ultrasound and coronary flow measurements (basal and hyperemic by Doppler flow wire). At 4 to 8 different cross sections (mean 5.1±1.2), plaque topography (concentric or eccentric) was determined, and total vessel area, lumen area, and intimal/medial area (IMA) were measured. Mean remodeling ratio (vessel area/IMA) in eccentric lesions (E, n=28) was significantly larger than that in concentric lesions (C, n=70) (E 5.87±0.93 versus C 3.58±0.62; P &lt;0.001), despite similar IMA (E 3.89±0.68 versus C 3.90±0.41; P =NS) and distribution of imaged segments. Remodeling ratio was consistently larger in eccentric lesions in all 3 vessel segments when analyzed separately, and mean remodeling ratio for each artery was larger in vessels with predominantly eccentric lesions. Coronary compliance ([Δ lumen area/diastolic lumen area]/Δ mean arterial pressure×10 3 ) was also significantly greater in eccentric lesions versus concentric lesions (proximal 1.00±0.39 versus 0.22±0.04; mid 0.71±0.17 versus 0.21±0.10; distal 0.43±0.13 versus 0.01±0.08; all P &lt;0.01). Coronary flow reserve was also significantly higher in coronary arteries with primarily eccentric lesions (E 2.49±0.64 versus C 1.87±0.28; P &lt;0.01). Conclusions —Vessel remodeling in transplant vasculopathy is significantly greater in eccentric lesions than in concentric lesions, possibly due to greater coronary compliance and resistive vessel function.