tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Imiquimod and lentigo maligna: a search for prognostic features in a clinicopathological study with long-term follow-up
Authors: A.M. Powell, A.M. Robson, R. Russell-Jones, R.J. Barlow
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Melanoma in situ/lentigo maligna (LM) is a potential precursor of LM melanoma. It occurs most commonly in elderly individuals on sun‐exposed skin of the head and neck. Although surgical excision is the treatment of choice, this may not be desirable or feasible for large lesions at functionally or cosmetically important sites. Imiquimod is a topical immunomodulator which can generate a local cytotoxic response with potentially antiviral and antitumour effects. Objectives To present our experience of LM treated with imiquimod. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients with facial LM treated in our unit with topical imiquimod between January 2001 and December 2006. Pretreatment diagnostic biopsies were also reviewed and histologically graded. Results Forty‐eight patients were treated with imiquimod. There were 37 responders and 11 treatment failures (of whom two were 'partial responders'). Of the 37 responders, 31 showed a clinical inflammatory response to imiquimod. One patient in whom treatment failed subsequently developed invasive disease. The mean follow‐up duration was 49 months. We could not identify histological features of prognostic significance. However, the ability to develop an inflammatory reaction to imiquimod was a strong predictor of therapeutic benefit. Conclusions We consider imiquimod to have a role in the treatment of LM in patients in whom surgery may be contraindicated or for those in whom the cosmetic or functional consequences may be considerable. Until better characterized, its use should probably be confined to centres with experience in the detection and treatment of LM and melanoma.
NON-SURGICAL TRANSFER OF IN VIVO FERTILISED DONATED OVA TO FIVE INFERTILE WOMEN: REPORT OF TWO PREGNANCIES
Authors: JohnE. Buster, Maria Bustillo, IanH. Thorneycroft, JamesA. Simon, StephenP. Boyers, JohnR. Marshall, JohnA. Louw, RandolphW. Seed, RichardG. Seed
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
The year book of drug therapy (1962-1963 year book series), with a special section on precautions
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The latest edition of this yearly publication is divided into two sections: (1) abstracts of significant articles on drug therapy published during the "series" year and (2) brief sketches of the side effects, toxic effects, and contraindications of most of the drugs in current use. The latter section is a new feature and is set off from the rest of the book by green pages. While a collection of abstracts can cover only a small percentage of the prodigious yearly volume of literature on drugs, Dr. Beckman has successfully highlighted almost all of the recent and significant advances in therapeutics. He has also made his book much more readable by his informal, witty, and sometimes pungent editorial comments which appear as critical analyses after many of the abstracts. This is a useful book which can be recommended as a review and reference source to pharmacologists and physicians.
Direct Transcriptional Up-regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 Promotes Colorectal Tumor Cell Survival and Enhances HIF-1 Transcriptional Activity during Hypoxia
Authors: Abderrahmane Kaidi, David Qualtrough, Ann C. Williams, Christos Paraskeva
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, the inducible key enzyme for prostanoid biosynthesis, is overexpressed in most colorectal carcinomas and a subset of colorectal adenomas. Genetic, biochemical, and clinical evidence indicates an important role for COX-2 in colorectal tumorigenesis. Although COX-2 can be induced by aberrant growth factor signaling and oncogene activation during colorectal tumorigenesis, the role of microenvironmental factors such as hypoxia in COX-2 regulation remains to be elucidated. For the first time, we report that under hypoxic conditions COX-2 protein levels increase in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma cells. Rigorous analyses reveal that COX-2 up-regulation is transcriptional and is associated with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α induction. Oligonucleotide pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that HIF-1α binds a hypoxia-responsive element on the COX-2 promoter. COX-2 up-regulation during hypoxia is accompanied by increased levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promote tumor cell survival under hypoxic conditions. In addition, elevated levels of PGE2 in hypoxic colorectal tumor cells enhance vascular endothelial growth factor expression and HIF-1 transcriptional activity by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, showing a potential positive feedback loop that contributes to COX-2 up-regulation during hypoxia. This study identifies COX-2 as a direct target for HIF-1 in colorectal tumor cells. In addition, COX-2 up-regulation represents a pivotal cellular adaptive response to hypoxia with implication for colorectal tumor cell survival and angiogenesis. We propose that using modified COX-2-selective inhibitors, which are only activated under hypoxic conditions, could potentially be a novel more selective strategy for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(13): 6683-91)
No cure for the common cold
Authors: K Hattotuwa
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Barrett BP, Brown RL, Locken K, et al . Treatment of the common cold with unrefined Echinacea. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med2002;137:939–46 [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] Previous studies of Echinacea have reported success varying from 10% to 50% in the treatment of colds. A few randomised trials have reported only a small effect in preventing colds. In this randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study the authors report on the effect of 10 days … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DANN%2BINTERN%2BMED%26rft.issn%253D0003-4819%26rft.aulast%253DBarrett%26rft.auinit1%253DB.%2BP.%26rft.volume%253D137%26rft.issue%253D12%26rft.spage%253D939%26rft.epage%253D946%26rft.atitle%253DTreatment%2Bof%2Bthe%2BCommon%2BCold%2Bwith%2BUnrefined%2BEchinacea%253A%2BA%2BRandomized%252C%2BDouble-Blind%252C%2BPlacebo-Controlled%2BTrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12484708%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12484708&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F3%2F230.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000179857500001&link_type=ISI
Expert Guide to Oncology
Authors: Andrea Eisen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 January 2001Expert Guide to OncologyAndrea Eisen, MDAndrea Eisen, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Eisen)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bitran JD. 232 pages. Philadelphia: American Coll of Physicians; 2000. $35.00. ISBN 0943126886. Order phone 800-523-1546, ext. 2600.Field of medicine: Medical oncology, radiation oncology, hematology, surgery, and palliative care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians and trainees.Purpose: To provide an overview of the essentials of clinical oncology in order to facilitate care of patients with malignant diseases.Content: Thirteen chapters cover the spectrum of oncology, from an introduction to the molecular biology of malignant transformation to current recommendations for management of specific cancers. The first half of the book reviews the principles of oncologic staging and diagnosis ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Eisen) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedical journals’ conflicts of interest in the publication of book reviews 16 January 2001Volume 134, Issue 2Page: 168KeywordsCancer geneticsCancer preventionCancer screeningCancer treatmentPalliative carePrimary care physiciansSigns and symptomsSoftware toolsTransfusion medicineVomiting ePublished: 16 January 2001 Issue Published: 16 January 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dancing with humans: Interaction as unintended consequence
Authors: John L. Locke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Parallels to Shanker &amp; King's (S&amp;K's) proposal for a model of language teaching that values dyadic interaction have long existed in language development, for the neotenous human infant requires care, which is inherently interactive. Interaction with talking caregivers facilitates language learning. The “new” paradigm thus has a decidedly familiar look. It would be surprising if some other paradigm worked better in animals that have no evolutionary linguistic history.
A translational approach in using cell sheet fragments of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for cellular cardiomyoplasty in a porcine model
Authors: Chieh-Cheng Huang, Hung-Wen Tsai, Wen-Yu Lee, Wei-Wen Lin, Ding-Yuan Chen, Yi-Wen Hung, Jee-Wei Chen, Shiaw-Min Hwang, Yen Chang, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Glomerular actions of endothelin in vivo.
Authors: V Kon, T Yoshioka, A Fogo, I Ichikawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

In Munich-Wistar rats, a micropipette was inserted into a first-order branch of the left main renal artery and continuously infused with human/porcine endothelin (0.4 ng/min). Micropuncture measurements revealed substantial differences within the cortical microcirculation of the same left kidney: SNGFR was some 35% lower in glomeruli exposed to endothelin compared with non-endothelin-perfused glomeruli (P less than 0.005). Similarly, glomerular plasma flow rate was some 38% lower in the endothelin-exposed glomeruli (P less than 0.001). The hypoperfusion and hypofiltration in the endothelin-exposed glomeruli reflected an increase in resistances in the afferent and efferent arterioles. There was no difference in the value of the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient between the two populations of glomeruli. We also studied kidneys that underwent 25 min of renal artery clamping 48 h before study. Antiendothelin antibody infused into one of the branches of the main renal artery ameliorated the vasoconstriction characteristic of postischemic nephrons: within the cortical microcirculation, the SNGFR in glomeruli exposed to antiendothelin antibody was 27.0 +/- 3.1 nl/min as compared with 17.4 +/- 1.7 measured in glomeruli not perfused with the antibody (P less than 0.001). Similarly, glomerular plasma flow rate was higher in the glomeruli exposed to antiendothelin antibody (128.7 +/- 14.4 nl/min vs. 66.6 +/- 5.6, P less than 0.005). Resistances in both the afferent and efferent arterioles were substantially lower in the antibody-exposed glomeruli. It is, therefore, suggested that endothelin, presumably released from damaged endothelium, may play an important intermediary role in the hypoperfusion and hypofiltration observed in postischemic kidneys.
Woman by a Riverbank
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is patient information on prescribed drugs just another form of advertising?
Authors: B. Mintzes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Having followed the heated debate on proposed changes to European drug advertising legislation, I cannot help but notice a familiar ring to Shaw’s endorsement of the European Union’s patient information initiative, including her many uses of the words information, factual, and regulated, but infrequent mention of “advertising.”1

The initiative’s provisions to make approved patient leaflets, monographs, and European public assessment reports more accessible are uncontroversial; easier access is …
Digitalis-Induced Visual Disturbances with Therapeutic Serum Digitalis Concentrations
Authors: Vincent P. Butler Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To assess the role of digitalis in the development of visual symptoms severe enough to warrant ophthalmologic consultation in patients who received digitalis and who had no other clinical or laboratory evidence of digitalis toxicity. Design: Clinical case study. Setting: Neuro-ophthalmology referral practice. Patients: Six elderly patients (aged 66 to 85 years) who received digitalis were referred to ophthalmologists for evaluation of photopsia (five patients) or decreased visual acuity (one patient). No patient had chromatopsia or nonvisual clinical manifestations of digitalis intoxication at the time of examination. Measurements: All patients had serum digitalis concentrations within or below the therapeutic range. In most patients, the electroretinographic cone b-wave implicit time was longer than normal. Results: Discontinuation of digitalis therapy, which was possible in five patients, was followed by resolution of visual symptoms and by shortening of the b-wave implicit time. Characteristic features of digitalis-induced photopsia were its dependence on illumination and its tendency to be localized in peripheral visual fields. Conclusions: In an elderly patient receiving digitalis, the development of photopsia characterized by innumerable points of light in the peripheral visual fields or a decrease in visual acuity raises the possibility that the patient's visual disturbance may have been digitalis induced. Digitalis-induced visual disturbances other than chromatopsia or disturbances of color vision may occur in elderly patients who have no other clinical manifestations of digitalis intoxication and who have a serum digitalis concentration within or below the therapeutic range.
Deactivation of the kinase IKK by CUEDC2 through recruitment of the phosphatase PP1
Authors: Hui-Yan Li, Hui Liu, Chen-Hui Wang, Ji-Yan Zhang, Jiang-Hong Man, Yan-Fei Gao, Pei-Jing Zhang, Wei-Hua Li, Jie Zhao, Xin Pan, Tao Zhou, Wei-Li Gong, Ai-Ling Li, Xue-Min Zhang
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Review: Metformin reduces risk for CV mortality compared with other oral diabetes drugs or placebo in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lorraine Lipscombe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club21 April 2009Review: Metformin reduces risk for CV mortality compared with other oral diabetes drugs or placebo in type 2 diabetesLorraine Lipscombe, MD, MSc, FRCPCLorraine Lipscombe, MD, MSc, FRCPCUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (L.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-8-200904210-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSelvin E, Bolen S, Yeh HC, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in trials of oral diabetes medications: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:2070-80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18955635Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1 UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998;352:854-65. [PMID: 9742977] Google Scholar2 Lincoff AM, Wolski K, Nicholls SJ, Nissen SE. Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA. 2007;298:1180-8. [PMID: 17848652] Google Scholar3 Simpson SH, Majumdar SR, Tsuyuki RT, Eurich DT, Johnson JA. Dose–response relation between sulfonylurea drugs and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ. 2006;174:169-74. [PMID: 16415461] Google Scholar4 Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2457-71. [PMID: 17517853] Google Scholar5 Singh S, Loke YK, Furberg CD. Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007;298:1189-95. [PMID: 17848653] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lorraine Lipscombe, MD, MSc, FRCPCAffiliations: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (L.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 April 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 April 2009Volume 150, Issue 8Page: JC4-8KeywordsDrugsMorbidityMortalityNumber needed to treatOdds ratioRenal diseasesResearch quality assessmentSafetySystematic reviewsType 2 diabetes ePublished: 21 April 2009 Issue Published: 21 April 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Theoretical and Baseline Considerations for Diet and Weight Control of Diabetes Among Blacks
Authors: Shiriki K Kumanyika, Craig K Ewart
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

This article outlines theoretical considerations for diet and weight control of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and identifies factors that may be of particular importance in influencing the success of diet and weight control of NIDDM in the Black population. Long-term adherence to dietary or weight-control regimens requires that the patient evaluate and restructure established eating and physical activity patterns. With the use of the social action theory as a conceptual framework, this complex behavioral change task can be understood as a function of the interplay of various self-regulatory mechanisms. These mechanisms are influenced by the person's capabilities for making changes, his'her physical condition and general health status, the physical and social environmental context, and the person's material and social resources. Many of these factors may differ for Blacks and Whites in a direction that suggests a lesser potential for effective diet and weight-loss therapy among Black NIDDM patients. For example, compared with Whites, Blacks are more likely to have limited incomes, low educational attainment, ambivalence about weight control, multiple health problems, and high-fat high-sodium low-fiber diets or food preferences. However, some evidence suggests that state-of-the-art counseling approaches can be as effective for Blacks as for Whites. The challenge is to adapt the types of approaches suggested by the social action theory for culturally appropriate and costeffective delivery in Black community health-care settings.
Cervical Spine Clearance in Obtunded Patients After Blunt Traumatic Injury
Authors: Jetan H. Badhiwala, Chung K. Lai, Waleed Alhazzani, Forough Farrokhyar, Farshad Nassiri, Maureen Meade, Alireza Mansouri, Niv Sne, Mohammed Aref, Naresh Murty, Christopher Witiw, Sheila Singh, Blake Yarascavitch, Kesava Reddy, Saleh A. Almenawer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Cervical spine clearance protocols are controversial for unconscious patients after blunt traumatic injury and negative findings on computed tomography (CT).To review evidence about the utility of different cervical spine clearance protocols in excluding significant cervical spine injury after negative CT results in obtunded adults with blunt traumatic injury.MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2000 through November 2014.English-language studies that examined patients with negative CT results having confirmatory routine testing with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dynamic radiography, or clinical examination and that reported outcome measures of missed cervical spine injury, need for operative stabilization, or prolonged use of cervical collars.Independent reviewers evaluated the quality of studies and abstracted the data according to a predefined protocol.Of 28 observational studies (3627 patients) that met eligibility criteria, 7 were prospective studies (1686 patients) with low risk of bias and well-interpreted, high-quality CT scans. These 7 studies showed that 0% of significant injuries were missed after negative CT results. The overall studies using confirmatory routine testing with MRI showed incidence rates of 0% to 1.5% for cervical spine instability (16 studies; 1799 patients), 0% to 7.3% for need for operative fixation (17 studies; 1555 patients), and 0% to 29.5% for prolonged collar use (16 studies; 1453 patients).Most studies were retrospective. Approaches to management of soft tissue changes with collars varied markedly.Cervical spine clearance in obtunded adults after blunt traumatic injury with negative results from a well-interpreted, high-quality CT scan is probably a safe and efficient practice.None.
<i>ABL</i> Oncogenes and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase: Mechanism of Activation and Downstream Effectors
Authors: Michael G. Kharas, David A. Fruman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The BCR-ABL oncogene is responsible for most cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia and some acute lymphoblastic leukemias. The fusion protein encoded by BCR-ABL possesses an aberrantly regulated tyrosine kinase activity. Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI-571) is an inhibitor of ABL tyrosine kinase activity that has been remarkably effective in slowing disease progression in patients with chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, but the emergence of imatinib resistance underscores the need for additional therapies. Targeting signaling pathways activated by BCR-ABL is a promising approach for drug development. The study of signaling components downstream of BCR-ABL and the related murine oncogene v-Abl has revealed a complex web of signals that promote cell division and survival. Of these, activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) has emerged as one of the essential signaling mechanisms in ABL leukemogenesis. This review describes molecular mechanisms by which PI3K is activated and the downstream PI3K effectors that propagate the signal to promote myeloid and lymphoid transformation. Of particular recent interest is the mammalian target of rapamycin, a PI3K-regulated kinase that regulates protein synthesis and contributes to leukemogenesis.