tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence for conductive Cl- pathways across the cell membranes of the thin ascending limb of Henle's loop.
Authors: K Yoshitomi, Y Kondo, M Imai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To examine whether Cl- is transported via transcellular pathways in the thin ascending limb of Henle's loop (TAL), conventional microelectrode technique was applied in isolated TAL segments of hamsters perfused in vitro. The average basolateral membrane voltage (VB) was -24.5 +/- 1.5 mV (n = 18). Ouabain (10(-4) M) had no effect on VB. Sudden reduction of basolateral Cl- concentration from 165 to 5 mmol/liter caused a large depolarizing spike (+49.1 +/- 2.7 mV, n = 18), while the transepithelial potential (VT) showed lumen positive deflection by 33.4 +/- 1.2 mV, which indicates that a large Cl- conductance exists in the basolateral membrane. Reduction of luminal Cl- concentration caused sustained depolarization of luminal cell membrane from +24.5 +/- 2.1 to -9.7 +/- 3.4 mV (n = 6), which indicates that there is also a Cl- conductance in the luminal membrane. Since we have previously shown that acidification of ambient solution suppresses the transmural Cl- permeability, we tested whether acid pH also inhibits the Cl- conductance of the basolateral membrane. When pH of the bathing fluid was lowered to 5.8, the depolarizing spike of VB and the change of VT upon sudden reduction of basolateral Cl- were almost completely abolished. From these results we conclude: (a) both the luminal and the basolateral membrane of hamster TAL segments have Cl- conductances, and (b) Cl- transport in the TAL takes place, at least in part, via a transcellular route when a transepithelial Cl- gradient is present.
Prematurity and the Obstetrician
Authors: Jan Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1970)

There can be little challenge of the authors' statement that, "Prematurity is the greatest single problem facing Obstetricians, Pediatricians and parents in the United States today." This volume aims at bridging the gap between the several professional disciplines involved. It states, as its goal, "clearly to make obstetricians more aware of their task in preventing the birth of underweight infants." The result is an uneasy amalgam of fragmented textbook obstetrics, extensive literature reviews, and sundry chapters of pediatrics, pathology, and other areas of related interest. The volume is unlikely to achieve its goal. The chapters on obstetrics are too simple for the specialist and at times statements dealing specifically with prematurity appear to have been added as appendages to standard obstetric text. The numerous quotations and summaries from the literature are frequently presented in quick succession without editorial comment even when conflicting opinions are juxtaposed. Conclusions drawn from the authors'
Abstract 2877: Perifosine alone and in combination with antimetabolites interferes with NF-kB pathway activation in colon cancer cell lines
Authors: Babette Aicher, Peter Schmidt, Jürgen Engel, Eckhard G. Guenther, Michael Teifel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Perifosine, a novel, first-in-class, oral Akt inhibitor, in combination with the antimetabolite Capecitabine is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of refractory advanced colorectal cancer. We have shown previously that Perifosine in combination with antimetabolites displayed synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colon cancer and other cell lines [1]. Constitutive NF-kB activation is frequently observed in colorectal cancer and, moreover, is associated with resistance to chemotherapy [2]. Hence we analysed, wether downregulation of the NF-kB pathway contributes to Perifosine mechanism of action and to the observed synergism with antimetabolites in colon cancer cell lines. Methods: Cellular NF-kB activation in nuclear extracts was measured by the TransAm NF-kB p65 ELISA (Active Motif, USA) monitoring binding of NF-kB to its response element. To allow for higher throughput of NF-kB pathway analysis a monoclonal SW620 colon cancer cell line ectopically expressing a NF-kB response element driven reporter gene (Promega, USA) was established. Cellular cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays as well as western blotting were performed according to standard procedures. The analysis of drug combinations was conducted by CalcuSyn software (Biosoft, UK) [3]. Results: Perifosine pretreatment decreased TNFα-induced NF-kB activation in SW620 cells in both independent assay sytems with IC50 values of about 7-10 µM. This effect seems to be specific, since the results were not mimicked by cytotoxic effects of Perifosine. Some of the antimetabolites alone upregulated NF-kB activity in the reporter gene assay. In the presence of these antimetabolites Perifosine was still capable to downregulate NF-kB activity. Conclusions: In summary, these results demonstrate that downregulation of the NF-kB pathway may contribute to the mechanism of action of Perifosine. Moreover, cotreatment with Perifosine has the potential to interfere with the development of antimetabolite resistance due to NF-kB activation in colon cancer. Further experiments addressing Perifosine's mechanism of action in combination with antimetabolites in gastric cancer cell lines are ongoing. References [1] Aicher et al. (2010), Perifosine in combination with antimetabolites induces synergistic effects on cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human colon, multiple myeloma, breast, renal, and liver tumor cell lines. AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference, Berlin, Germany. [2] Sakamoto and Maeda (2010), Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets 14, 593-601 [3] Chou (2006), Pharmacological Reviews 58, 621-681 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2877. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2877
Healing Words
Authors: David Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Psychological World of the Teen-Ager: A Study of Normal Adolescent Boys
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<b>Adolescence: Psychosocial Perspectives</b>, edited by Gerald Caplan and Serge Lebovici, 412 pp, $12.50, New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1969. <b>Childhood and Adolescence</b>, edited by Jules H. Masserman, 258 pp, $12.75, New York and London: Grune &amp; Stratton, Inc., 1969. Almost everybody talks or writes about teen-agers. Business men may welcome them as customers, but parents, police, educators, and commentators express distrust and disapproval. Recently, many psychiatrists have been reporting their observations and interpretations of adolescents. Offer directed an unusual research project in two suburban high schools. Seventy-three freshman boys, carefully selected as "model," free from outstanding problems, were studied intensively by interviews, psychological tests, family conferences, and school reports, and followed up through high school and early college years.<i>The Psychological World of the Teen-Ager</i>includes description of the procedures and findings. Most of these "normal" youths slowly developed heterosexual interests, communicated adequately with their parents, adjusted to high school,
New Noninvasive Method for Coronary Flow Reserve Assessment
Authors: Carlo Caiati, Cristiana Montaldo, Norma Zedda, Alessandro Bina, Sabino Iliceto
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —We tested the hypothesis that blood flow velocity could be recorded in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) during transthoracic echocardiography by use of second harmonic echo Doppler modality along with contrast enhancement (intravenous Levovist) at rest and after pharmacologically induced maximal vasodilation to assess coronary flow reserve (CFR) with a totally noninvasive approach. Methods and Results —Fifty-six consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography underwent transthoracic contrast-enhanced pulsed-wave Doppler recording of blood flow velocity in the LAD by use of harmonic color Doppler as a guide at rest and after maximal vasodilation by dipyridamole infusion. Contrast enhancement with the harmonic mode greatly improved the success rate of recording adequate pulsed-wave Doppler signal in the LAD. CFR was (mean±SD) 1.54±0.7 in patients with (group 1) and 2.79±0.9 in patients without (group 2) significant LAD stenosis (lumen narrowing &gt;70%) ( P &lt;0.001); sensitivity and specificity in detecting significant LAD stenosis were 86% and 90%, respectively. There was close agreement between CFRs determined by this new method and intracoronary Doppler flow wire. Conclusions —Contrast-enhanced transthoracic echo Doppler with the harmonic mode is a feasible and promising technique for assessing CFR in a totally noninvasive way.
Imatinib Mesylate and Gray Hair
Authors: Gabriel Etienne, Pascale Cony-Makhoul, François-Xavier Mahon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: The impressive effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 (imatinib mesylate) in chronic myeloid leukemia were confirmed in the large trial by Kantarjian et al. (Feb. 28 issue).1 We would like to report a new side effect of the drug. Between December 1999 and June 2001, we treated 133 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia with imatinib mesylate according to Novartis Pharma protocols.1,2 Among these 133 patients, 5 men and 4 women (median age, 63.4 years; range, 53 to 75) with gray hair before treatment had progressive repigmentation of the hair (on the head in 8 patients . . .
Diagnosis of Esophagogastric Tumors
Authors: R. Lambert
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Esophagogastric cancer includes esophageal squamous-cell cancer and adenocarcinoma in the esophagus, at the esophagogastric junction, and in the stomach (noncardia) cancer. Other benign tumors or malignant diseases (such as lymphomas and submucosal tumors) will not be examined in this review. In recent years, time trends in the worldwide incidence and mortality from esophagogastric cancer have suggested stable age-standardized rates for squamous-cell cancer, increased rates for adenocarcinoma, and decreased rates for noncardia gastric cancer. However, the crude numbers of cancer cases are still increasing in most countries in relation to the increased risk in aging populations. In the West, the 5-year survival from esophagogastric cancer in tumor registries is low, at just around 10 % for esophageal cancer and 20 % for gastric cancer. This contrasts with the higher survival for colorectal cancer, and is explained by the poor prognosis of advanced esophagogastric cancer, while the proportion of cases detected early is still small. In Japan, the 5-year survival from gastric cancer reaches higher figures (40 - 50 %). A national screening policy has been in operation in Japan since 1968, and the proportion of early cases detected is in the range of 40 - 45 %. However, intramucosal neoplastic lesions with a good prognosis, which would be termed dysplasia in the West, are classified as cancer in Japan. The key factor for preventing esophagogastric cancer is a policy of early diagnosis, as confirmed by the good results obtained in small surgical series in which early cases are frequent.
Nuclear receptors PPARβ/δ and PPARα direct distinct metabolic regulatory programs in the mouse heart
Authors: Eileen M. Burkart, Nandakumar Sambandam, Xianlin Han, Richard W. Gross, Michael Courtois, Carolyn M. Gierasch, Kooresh Shoghi, Michael J. Welch, Daniel P. Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

In the diabetic heart, chronic activation of the PPARα pathway drives excessive fatty acid (FA) oxidation, lipid accumulation, reduced glucose utilization, and cardiomyopathy. The related nuclear receptor, PPARβ/δ, is also highly expressed in the heart, yet its function has not been fully delineated. To address its role in myocardial metabolism, we generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of PPARβ/δ, driven by the myosin heavy chain (MHC-PPARβ/δ mice). In striking contrast to MHC-PPARα mice, MHC-PPARβ/δ mice had increased myocardial glucose utilization, did not accumulate myocardial lipid, and had normal cardiac function. Consistent with these observed metabolic phenotypes, we found that expression of genes involved in cellular FA transport were activated by PPARα but not by PPARβ/δ. Conversely, cardiac glucose transport and glycolytic genes were activated in MHC-PPARβ/δ mice, but repressed in MHC-PPARα mice. In reporter assays, we showed that PPARβ/δ and PPARα exerted differential transcriptional control of the GLUT4 promoter, which may explain the observed isotype-specific effects on glucose uptake. Furthermore, myocardial injury due to ischemia/reperfusion injury was significantly reduced in the MHC-PPARβ/δ mice compared with control or MHC-PPARα mice, consistent with an increased capacity for myocardial glucose utilization. These results demonstrate that PPARα and PPARβ/δ drive distinct cardiac metabolic regulatory programs and identify PPARβ/δ as a potential target for metabolic modulation therapy aimed at cardiac dysfunction caused by diabetes and ischemia.
Penicillamine causing acute colitis.
Authors: P Hickling, J Fuller
Journal: BMJ (1979)

immediately on standing after a period of rest or when walking about.These symptoms disappeared between the fifth and tenth days after the last dose of propranolol.There were no associated complaints of angina, sweating, tremor, or agitation. CommentNone of the patients treated early required further blocks, whereas those treated after an average of 15 months did.All patients, however, affirmed that life had become tolerable by the end of the period of on 22 July
Allogeneic cord blood transplantation for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: retrospective survey involving 256 patients in Japan
Authors: T Matsumura, M Kami, T Yamaguchi, K Yuji, E Kusumi, S Taniguchi, S Takahashi, M Okada, H Sakamaki, H Azuma, M Takanashi, H Kodo, S Kai, T Inoue-Nagamura, K Kato, S Kato
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Cetuximab Plus Cisplatin, Irinotecan, and Thoracic Radiotherapy as Definitive Treatment for Locally Advanced, Unresectable Esophageal Cancer: A Phase-II Study of The SWOG (S0414)
Authors: Michael B. Tomblyn, Bryan H. Goldman, Charles R. Thomas, Jacqueline K. Benedetti, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Vivek Mehta, Thaddeus Beeker, Philip J. Gold, James L. Abbruzzese, Charles D. Blanke
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)

Introduction:The specific aims of the study were to evaluate the 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity profile, and best objective response rate in patients with locally advanced, clinically unresectable esophageal cancer receiving cetuximab, cisplatin, irinotecan, and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) within a multi-institutional cooperative-group setting.Methods:Eligible patients (cT4 M0 or medically unresectable, biopsy proven, and noncervical esophageal cancer) were to receive four 21-day cycles of cetuximab 400 mg/m2 (day 1, cycle 1), cetuximab 250 mg/m2 (day 8, 15, cycle 1; then days 1, 8, and 15 for subsequent cycles), cisplatin 30 mg/m2 (days 1 and 8, all cycles), and irinotecan 65 mg/m2 (days 1 and 8, all cycles). TRT was administered at 1.8 Gy in 28 daily fractions to a total dose of 50.4 Gy, to begin with on day 1 of cycle 3. The primary endpoint was 2-year OS, with an accrual goal of 75 patients with adenocarcinoma.Results:The study was closed because of slow accrual, with 21 eligible patients (11 squamous, 10 adenocarcinoma) enrolled from May 2005 to September 2007. Two-year OS and PFS (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 33.3% (14.6–57.0%) and 23.8% (8.2–47.2%), respectively. Kaplan–Meier estimates of median (95% CI) OS and PFS were 11.2 (6.4–43.6) and 6.4 (3.7–12.0) months, respectively. The overall response rate (95% CI) among 17 evaluable patients was 17.6% (3.8–43.4%), including 6% confirmed complete responders and 12% unconfirmed partial responders. Two deaths resulted from protocol treatment (sudden death and gastrointestinal necrosis). Ten (47.6%) and 6 (28.6%) patients had grade-3 or -4 toxicity, respectively: 52.4% were hematologic, 23.8% had fatigue, 19.0% had nausea, 19.0% had dehydration, and 19.0% had anorexia.Conclusions:Concomitant cetuximab, cisplatin, irinotecan, and TRT were poorly tolerated in the first North American cooperative group trial testing this regimen for locally advanced esophageal cancer as treatment-related mortality approached 10%. Single-institution phase-II cetuximab-based combined modality trials have yielded encouraging results in preliminary analyses. The SWOG GI Committee endorses enrollment to open clinical trials to clarify the therapeutic ratio of cetuximab-based combined modality approaches for esophageal cancer.
Simplified Method for Monitoring Adequacy of Brain Oxygenation during Carotid-Artery Surgery
Authors: Roy H. Clauss, William K. Hass, Joseph Ransohoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

A CONCEPT of continuously monitoring oxygen saturation in the venous blood of the lateral sinus as a measure of adequacy of oxygenation of the brain was reported by Lyons and his associates.1 They described apparatus for continuous determination of oxygen saturation and presented clinical results in 50 patients whose circulation through carotid arteries was interrupted during endarterectomy. This report describes application of the concept with the use of other equipment widely available in university and community hospitals throughout the country. Our results followed closely those of Lyons et al. and attest to the apparent reliability of the concept applied to . . .
Abstract 3211: FGFR1 and FGFR2 gene copy number variations in prostate cancer
Authors: Marcus Otte, Ivan Kanchev, Michael C. Sharp, John Alvarez, Hans Winkler, Suso Platero
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) have very few clinical options. A bottle neck in development of new therapies is the poor understanding of the molecular basis of hormone independency. A pathway thought to be important in this progression is FGFR. Amplification of FGFR1 has been observed in breast cancer and has led to the hypothesis that it is involved in Tamoxifen resistance (Turner et al., 2010). Here we evaluated the copy number variations (CNV) of the gene loci of FGFR1 (8p12) and FGFR2 (10q26) by dual color FISH in FFPE tissue of recurrent PC patients (n=28), non-recurrent PC patients (n=15), PC patients undergoing palliative RPE (n=15), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (n=17) and tumor free tissue samples (n=12). We analyzed CNV between different clinical patient subgroups. Two types of CNV for the gene loci of FGFR1 and FGFR2 were observed. Either the gene dose of the target gene locus occurred to be amplified or the gene dose was elevated due to polysomy of the respective chromosome. Furthermore patients with CNV of FGFR1 or FGFR2 exhibited in 40-50% intra tumor heterogeneity by presenting normal cells and cells with CNV. FGFR1 gene dose elevations (either due to gene locus amplification or polysomy of chromosome 8) were observed in 7% (1/15) of patients without recurrence but in 49% (17/35) of the patients with recurrence. Also, in patients undergoing palliative RPE 75% (12/16) of the patients exhibited FGFR1 gene dose elevation. In the case of FGFR2, gene dose elevations (gene locus amplification or polysomy of chromosome 10) were observed in none of the patients without recurrence but in 13% of the patients with recurrence and in 20% of patients undergoing palliative RPE. In the control groups such variations were not found. Interestingly, the gene dose variations differed in the prostate cancer patients depending on their hormone sensitivity. 47% (7/15) of hormone refractory patients and 30% (6/20) of the hormone sensitive patients showed elevated FGFR1 gene dose, for FGFR2, 30% and 20% of the respective subgroups were affected. In summary we conclude that this is first evidence that CNV of FGFR1 and FGFR2 might have implications for hormone resistance in PC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3211
Gene expression profile of the third pharyngeal pouch reveals role of mesenchymal MafB in embryonic thymus development
Authors: Dil Afroz Sultana, Shuhei Tomita, Michito Hamada, Yasuyuki Iwanaga, Yuki Kitahama, Nguyen Van Khang, Shuichi Hirai, Izumi Ohigashi, Sachiko Nitta, Takashi Amagai, Satoru Takahashi, Yousuke Takahama
Journal: Blood (2009)
Physical properties of hydrophilic gel contact lenses.
Authors: G. H. Takahashi, T. K. Goldstick, I. Fatt
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Crosby, W. H., and Kugler, H. W. (1957). Amer. J. dig. Dis., 2, 236. Dutta, N. K., and Habbu, M. K. (1955). Brit. J. Pharmacol, 10, 153. Panse, M. V., and Kulkarni, D. R. (1959). J. Bact., 78, 594. Flnkelstein, R. A., and Norris, H. T. (1964). Fed. Proc, 23, Abstracts, p. 144. -and Dutta, N. K. (1964). J. infect. Dis., 114, 203. Fr?ter, R., and Gangarosa, E. J. (1963). J. Immunol., 91, 724. Greenough, W. B., Gordon, R. S., Rosenberg, I. S., Davies, B. I., and Benenson, A. S. (1964). Lancet, 1, 355. Greig, E. D. W. (1929). In 4 System of Bacteriology, 4, 402. Medical Research Council, London. Oza, N. B., and Dutta, N. K. (1963). J. Bact., 85, 497. Panse, M. V., and Dutta, N. K. (1961). J. infect. Dis., 109, 81. Pollitzer, R. (1959). Cholera. World Health Organization, Geneva. Sprinz, H., Sribhibhadh, R., Gangarosa, E. J., Benyaiati, C., Kundel, D., and Halstead, S. (1962). Amer. J. clin. Path., 38, 43.
Mifepristone (RU 486)
Authors: Sheldon J. Segal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In the evolution of eutherian mammals (species that gestate their young in utero), the stimulatory effect on the uterus of progesterone, a steroid hormone present in all vertebrates, was a critical adaptation. Half a century ago, the distinguished French endocrinologist Robert Courrier explained its importance succinctly: "Progesterone is the hormone of the mother, it is indispensable for reproduction" (Biologie des Hormones Sexuelles Femelles, 1937). Simply stated, pregnancy cannot be established and maintained without the stimulatory effect of progesterone on endometrial growth and its inhibitory effect on myometrial contractility, because both actions of the hormone are required for the . . .
The vitamin B12 content of human liver tissue obtained by aspiration biopsy
Authors: R. A. Joske
Journal: Gut (1963)

It is possible to estimate the vitamin B12 content of liver specimens obtained by needle biopsy. The liver B12 content is not related to the serum levels of vitamin B12, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, or albumin. It is reduced in a number of pathological conditions of the liver and the reasons for this are discussed, as also are the factors determining the content of B12 in the normal liver.