tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SV40 Multiple Tissue Infection and Asbestos Exposure in a Hyperendemic Area for Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Manola Comar, Clara Rizzardi, Renata de Zotti, Mauro Melato, Massimo Bovenzi, Janet S. Butel, Cesare Campello
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract To assess the presence of SV40 in malignant mesothelioma tissue, 19 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pleural cancer samples of patients from a hyperendemic area of northeastern Italy were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 48 other tissues from the malignant mesothelioma subjects were investigated. The SV40 load was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Exposure to asbestos was evaluated through a careful review of the occupational history of patients, supplemented by histology and isolation of asbestos bodies. Three of 19 (15.8%) malignant mesothelioma tissues harbored SV40 genomic signals. Two patients with SV40-positive malignant mesothelioma had viral sequences in another tissue. Overall, 3 of 18 (16.7%) normal liver tissues tested positive for SV40, as did 1 of 8 (12.5%) kidney tissues. SV40 viral loads were higher in malignant mesothelioma than in normal cells (P = 0.045). This survey shows that SV40 sustains infections in multiple tissues in malignant mesothelioma patients from a geographic area affected with asbestos-related mesothelioma. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8456–4]
Abstract A1: Long stress-induced non-coding transcripts (LSINCTs) and Cancer
Authors: David I. Smith, Silva M. Jessica
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We previously utilized a whole genome tiling array to identify novel transcripts which had altered expression in response to the genotoxic effects of the tobacco carcinogen NNK. Our goal was to identify novel long stress-induced non-coding transcripts that could play important regulatory roles within cells and be important targets of alteration during cancer formation. Utilizing very stringent criteria, we examined all transcriptionally active regions that had altered expression in response to NNK treatment and identified a group of 12 transcripts, termed long stress-induced noncoding trancripts (LSINCTs). These novel long non-coding transcripts are between 2 and 4 Kb in length and do not contain any open reading frames or have homology to any mRNAs. 11 LSINCTs are intergenically located and one LSINCT is intragenically located within the genome. We found LSINCTs to be more highly expressed in more proliferative normal human tissues and to be frequently over-expressed in a number of different cancers including breast cancer. We studied one of these transcripts in greater detail, LSINCT5. We found LSINCT5 to be a polyadenylated nuclear transcript of exactly 2,647 base pairs. It is highly over-expressed in both breast and ovarian cancers and knocking down its' expression in either a breast or ovarian cancer cell line resulted in decreased cellular proliferation. We further compared gene expression in the breast cancer cell line, MCF7, before and after knocking down LSINCT5 expression and identified a number of genes whose expression changed more than 2-fold in response. Two of the genes identified were the gene for the major paraspeckle protein PSPC1, and another long non-coding transcript NEAT1. Paraspeckles are irregularly shaped compartments found in the nucleus' interchromatin space. Paraspeckles are RNA-protein structures formed by the interaction of NEAT1 and members of the Drosophila Behavior Human Splicing family of proteins including PSPC1. Paraspeckles appear to be critical to the control of gene expression through the nuclear retention of certain species of RNA. It is though that paraspeckles and their components play a role in controlling gene expression during a number of different cellular processes including differentiation, viral infection and stress responses. Using RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization, we found LSINCT5 to co-localize with NEAT1 within the nucleus. Hence, this novel stress-induced transcript may be another important long non-coding transcript that is involved in the normal cellular function of the paraspeckles. Citation Format: David I. Smith, Silva M. Jessica. Long stress-induced non-coding transcripts (LSINCTs) and Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A1.
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Is Related to Abnormalities in Myocardial Structure and Function in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Sharmila Dorbala, Divya Vangala, John Bruyere, Christina Quarta, Jenna Kruger, Robert Padera, Courtney Foster, Michael Hanley, Marcelo F. Di Carli, Rodney Falk
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that coronary microvascular function is impaired in subjects with cardiac amyloidosis.Effort angina is common in subjects with cardiac amyloidosis, even in the absence of epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD).Thirty-one subjects were prospectively enrolled in this study, including 21 subjects with definite cardiac amyloidosis without epicardial CAD and 10 subjects with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). All subjects underwent rest and vasodilator stress N-13 ammonia positron emission tomography and 2-dimensional echocardiography. Global left ventricular myocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified at rest and during peak hyperemia, and coronary flow reserve (CFR) was computed (peak stress MBF/rest MBF) adjusting for rest rate pressure product.Compared with the LVH group, the amyloid group showed lower rest MBF (0.59 ± 0.15 ml/g/min vs. 0.88 ± 0.23 ml/g/min; p = 0.004), stress MBF (0.85 ± 0.29 ml/g/min vs. 1.85 ± 0.45 ml/g/min; p < 0.0001), and CFR (1.19 ± 0.38 vs. 2.23 ± 0.88; p < 0.0001) and higher minimal coronary vascular resistance (111 ± 40 ml/g/min/mm Hg vs. 70 ± 19 ml/g/min/mm Hg; p = 0.004). Of note, almost all subjects with amyloidosis (>95%) had significantly reduced peak stress MBF (<1.3 ml/g/min). In multivariable linear regression analyses, a diagnosis of amyloidosis, increased left ventricular mass, and age were the only independent predictors of impaired coronary vasodilator function.Coronary microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in subjects with cardiac amyloidosis, even in the absence of epicardial CAD, and may explain their anginal symptoms. Further study is required to understand whether specific therapy directed at amyloidosis may improve coronary vasomotion in amyloidosis.
1001-21 Inhibition of ERK/p38 MAP-kinase and calcineurin-NFAT hypertrophy signaling by inducible hemoxygenase-1 in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Joern Tongers, Beate Fiedler, Tibor Kempf, Theresia Kraft, Stepan Gambaryan, Suzanne M Lohmann, Kai C Wollert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A Simple Device for Continuous Flushing of Catheter Systems during Intra-arterial Pressure Recording
Authors: B. L. Ardill, P. H. Fentem
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

A system for maintaining the patency of catheters during intra-arterial recording of blood pressure is described. The apparatus contains a hydraulic resistance which allows a low flow of heparin saline to be maintained during recording without affecting the frequency response of the transducer, and without impairing the accuracy of the pressure recording.
Influence of Conditional Probability on the Effectiveness of Mass-Screening Programs
Authors: Ann Sproul
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Mass screening represents a method of minimizing sequelae of some of the inheritable metabolic diseases by enabling early diagnosis and treatment. Conditional probability theory can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of screening programs and to plan programs which are appropriate to local populations. Depending on the rarity of a disease in a population, the probability that a positive test indicates the presence of the disease is low. However, by modifying the test procedure and using multiple tests, the probability of true-positives can be increased to practical levels.
Chronic Intestinal Bleeding Caused by Congenital Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: J. Haringsma, G. N. J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

A case of vascular malformation over the entire length of the colon and small intestine in a 41-year-old male with an almost life-long history of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is presented. The patient's history, in connection with the findings at colonoscopy and surgery, was highly suggestive of congenital arteriovenous malformations. The long-term effect of segmental surgical resection in these cases is unknown. In view of the extent of the abnormalities, no resection was performed.
The Yellow Fever in Port Limon, Costa Rica, in 1900. Reply to Surgeon-General Wyman, of the U. S. Marine-Hospital Service.
Authors: Edmond Souchon
Journal: JAMA (1900)

New Orleans, La., March 23, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reply to Surgeon-General Wyman's communication inThe Journalof March 16 I will simply state that the fact that the representatives of the U. S. Marine-Hospital Service did not agree in the diagnosis of the representative of the Louisiana State Board of Health is no proof that Limon was not infected as early as July 17, 1900. The proof that the resident medical inspector of the Louisiana board was correct is that a few weeks later the natural evolution of the infection was so patent that it forced itself on the representatives of the service.
Yellow Fever and Public Health in the New South
Authors: Norman Gevitz
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<b>Yellow Fever and the South,</b>by Margaret Humphreys, 226 pp, $45, ISBN 0-8135-1820-2, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 1992. In the last half of the 19th century, epidemics of yellow fever wreaked havoc in both coastal and inland cities of the Southern states. Because of the large numbers of people with the disease and the high mortality rate, those who could afford to packed up and left their homes, while businesses and commerce between many ports ceased. Throughout this era, Southern physicians desperately tried to understand the nature of the disease, find appropriate remedies, and, along with educated laypersons, sought to develop and implement effective preventive measures that could eliminate or at least minimize the threat of annual warm weather visitations of yellow fever. The sheer volume of articles and reports in Southern medical journals testifies to the intensity of concern produced by this one disease. Similarly, the contemporary
<b> <i>In Vivo</i> </b> Imaging of <b> <i>β-Galactosidase</i> </b> Activity Using Far Red Fluorescent Switch
Authors: Ching-Hsuan Tung, Qing Zeng, Khalid Shah, Dong-Eog Kim, Dawid Schellingerhout, Ralph Weissleder
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

beta-Galactosidase (beta-gal) has been widely used as a transgene reporter enzyme, and several substrates are available for its in vitro detection. The ability to image beta-gal expression in living animals would further extend the use of this reporter. Here we show that DDAOG, a conjugate of beta-galactoside and 7-hydroxy-9H-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one) (DDAO), is not only a chromogenic beta-gal substrate but that the cleavage product has far-red fluorescence properties detectable by imaging. Importantly, the cleavage substrate shows a 50-nm red shift, enabling its specific detection in a background of intact probe, a highly desirable feature for in vivo imaging. Specifically, we show that beta-gal-expressing 9L gliomas are readily detectable by red fluorescence imaging in comparison with the native 9L gliomas. We furthermore show that herpes simplex virus amplicon-mediated LacZ gene transfer into tumors can be transiently and thus serially visualized over time. The results indicated that in vivo real-time detection of beta-gal activity is possible by fluorescence imaging technology.
Cytolysis by H-2-specific T killer cells. Assembly of tubular complexes on target membranes.
Authors: G Dennert, E R Podack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Cloned T killer cells derived from one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions were characterized with regard to their Lyt phenotype and specificity. Two clones of Lyt-1-2+ phenotype that recognized H-2Dd were selected and examined for their cytolytic function by negative staining and thin section electron microscopy. When incubated with the H-2d target S194, they assemble two types of tubular complexes, polyperforin 1 and 2. Both structures appear to arise by polymerization of precursors that may originate in dense granules and/or Golgi of T killer cells. Polyperforins appear to be associated with vesicles that are released during the lytic reaction and transferred to target membranes as shown by immunoelectron microscopy. Since there is a close correlation between target lysis and the appearance of polyperforins on target membranes, it is suggested that polyperforins take part in the cell-mediated killing reaction. Although polyperforins are different in size and several molecular properties from complement, there are striking similarities between these circular complexes and polyperforin (C9). It is therefore possible that they belong to a closely related family of cytolytic effector molecules.
REPORT OF A CASE OF RETAINED PLACENTA, CLINICALLY PLACENTA ACCRETA
Authors: C. J. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Recent literature on obstetrics has called attention to the fact that placenta accreta is an extremely rare and verydangerous condition; that while it is a definite pathologic or anatomic entity, it is, in some cases, not possible to make a positive diagnosis if the uterine tissue is not available for microscopic study. The essential characteristic is absolute atrophy of the endometrium, which results in absence of decidua, the chorionic villi penetrating directly into the uterine musculature, in some cases, nearly to the peritoneum. This condition is believed to be caused by an abnormal condition of the inner uterine wall, following vigorous curettage of the uterus, previous manual removal of the placenta, endometritis, oft repeated pregnancy, or myoma. Obviously, there is no possibility of such a placenta separating itself normally, and manual extraction entails extreme danger of rupture of the uterus and hemorrhage. Dietrich, in 1922, found nineteen well described cases
Animal models of physiologic markers of male reproduction: genetically defined infertile mice.
Authors: C Chubb
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The present report focuses on novel animal models of male infertility: genetically defined mice bearing single-gene mutations that induce infertility. The primary goal of our investigations was to identify the reproductive defects in these mutant mice. The phenotypic effects of the gene mutations were deciphered by comparing the mutant mice to their normal siblings. Initially testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis were investigated. The physiologic markers for testicular steroidogenesis were steroid secretion by testes perifused in vitro, seminal vesicle weight, and Leydig cell histology. Spermatogenesis was evaluated by the enumeration of homogenization-resistant sperm/spermatids in testes and by morphometric analyses of germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium. If testicular function appeared normal, we investigated the sexual behavior of the mice. The parameters of male sexual behavior that were quantified included mount patency, mount frequency, intromission latency, thrusts per intromission, ejaculation latency, and ejaculation duration. Females of pairs breeding under normal circumstances were monitored for the presence of vaginal plugs and pregnancies. The patency of the ejaculatory process was determined by quantifying sperm in the female reproductive tract after sexual behavior tests. Sperm function was studied by quantitatively determining sperm motility during videomicroscopic observation. Also, the ability of epididymal sperm to function within the uterine environment was analyzed by determining sperm capacity to initiate pregnancy after artificial insemination. Together, the experimental results permitted the grouping of the gene mutations into three general categories. We propose that the same biological markers used in the reported studies can be implemented in the assessment of the impact that environmental toxins may have on male reproduction.
Large-scale discovery of enhancers from human heart tissue
Authors: Dalit May, Matthew J Blow, Tommy Kaplan, David J McCulley, Brian C Jensen, Jennifer A Akiyama, Amy Holt, Ingrid Plajzer-Frick, Malak Shoukry, Crystal Wright, Veena Afzal, Paul C Simpson, Edward M Rubin, Brian L Black, James Bristow, Len A Pennacchio, Axel Visel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Continuing Education and the State of Medical Practice
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

IN his valedictory address to the students at McGill, in 1905, Osler1 made his frequently quoted remark about the importance of continuing education. He emphasized the point that the hardest conviction to get into the mind of a beginner is that the education upon which he is engaged is "not a college course, not a medical course, but a life course." He advised students to cultivate the habit of reading one good weekly and one good quarterly journal, and also advised reading something other than medicine every day. After they entered practice they should make plans to enable them to . . .
A randomized trial of late reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction-6 Study Group.
Authors: E J Topol, R M Califf, M Vandormael, C L Grines, B S George, M L Sanz, T Wall, M O'Brien, M Schwaiger, F V Aguirre
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Experimental and observational clinical studies of acute coronary occlusion have suggested that late reperfusion prevents infarct expansion and facilitates myocardial healing. The purpose of this trial was to assess whether infarct vessel patency could be achieved in late-entry patients and what benefit, if any, can be demonstrated. METHODS AND RESULTS In a double-blind fashion, 197 patients with 6 to 24 hours of symptoms and ECG ST elevation were randomly assigned to tissue-type plasminogen activator (100 mg over 2 hours) or placebo. Coronary angiography within 24 hours was used to determine infarct vessel patency status. Patients with infarct-related occluded arteries were then eligible for a second randomization to either angioplasty (34 patients) or no angioplasty (37 patients). Ventricular function and cavity size were reassessed at 1 month by gated blood pool scintigraphy and at 6 months by repeat cardiac catheterization. The primary end point, infarct vessel patency, was 65% for plasminogen activator patients compared with 27% in the placebo group (p less than 0.0001). There were no differences between these groups in ejection fraction or infarct zone regional wall motion at 1 or 6 months. At 6 months, infarct vessel patency was 59% in both groups. In the placebo group, there was a significant increase in end-diastolic volume from acute phase of 127 ml to 159 ml at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.006) but no increase in cavity size for the plasminogen activator group patients. Coronary angioplasty was associated with an initial 81% recanalization success and improved ventricular function at 1 month, but by late follow-up no advantage could be demonstrated for this procedure, and there was a 38% spontaneous recanalization rate in the patients assigned to no angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that it is possible to achieve infarct vessel recanalization in the majority of late-entry patients with either thrombolytic therapy or angioplasty. Thrombolytic intervention had a favorable effect on prevention of cavity dilatation and left ventricular remodeling, but there are no late benefits on systolic function after thrombolysis or coronary angioplasty. The conclusions concerning overall potential benefit of applying late reperfusion therapy will require data from large-scale trials designed to assess mortality reduction.
Shape Memory Alloy Catheter System for Peroral Pancreatoscopy Using an Ultrathin-Caliber Endoscope
Authors: S. Mizuno, M. Nakajima, K. Yasuda, M. Kobayashi, H. Mukai, S. Hirano, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Two types of a shape memory alloy (SMA) catheter system with a mechanism for tip control and irrigation were evaluated in performing peroral pancreatoscopy (PPS) using an ultrathin-caliber endoscope. The selective cannulation of SMA catheters into the papilla was made possible in 18 of 19 patients with pancreatic diseases. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was necessary in six of seven patients with the two-directional catheter (2.6 mm) but in only one of 12 patients examined with the one-directional type (2.2 mm). In 17 of the 18 patients, the catheters were smoothly advanced to the desired positions in the main pancreatic duct, even to the distal pancreas, due to their controllable tip. PPS with adequate inspection of the ducts and lesions was successful in 16 of these 17 patients. Features of cancer (duct disruption, tumor infiltration) and chronic pancreatitis (smooth ductal surface, fine vascular network) could be distinguished. In this series, there were no obvious complications during or after the procedure. In our experience, the SMA catheter system is effective for PPS in patients with an intact papilla and without dilation of the main pancreatic duct. Further study will show the clinical benefits this technique may have in pancreatic diseases.
CLINICAL GUIDELINE: PART II: Screening for Colorectal Cancer with the Fecal Occult Blood Test: A Background Paper
Authors: David F. Ransohoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Purpose: Screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood tests or sigmoidoscopy can reduce mortality rates. If occult blood testing is done, clinicians must decide how to interpret the results and plan further management. If the results are positive, a decision must be made about evaluating the colon. This report provides information that can be used to perform fecal occult blood tests, interpret the results of those tests, and plan patient management. Data Sources: The MEDLINE database was searched for data relevant to optimizing the technique of fecal occult blood testing. Studies were also identified from the bibliographies of published articles about test performance and the interpretation of test results, particularly sensitivity, specificity, and the probability of colorectal cancer after a positive test result. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies were selected and data were extracted on the basis of the authors' combined judgment. Data Synthesis: When used for screening, fecal occult blood tests have positive results about 1% to 16% of the time, depending on such factors as the age of the person being tested, whether the sample is rehydrated, and whether the test is used for initial screening or for rescreening. When the colons of persons who have positive test results are evaluated, the rate of finding any colorectal cancer is about 2% to 17% and the rate for early colorectal cancer (Dukes stage A or B) is about 2% to 14%. Conclusions: These results suggest that, in general, persons who have positive results on a fecal occult blood test should have a full colonic examination. More research is needed to understand and improve the sensitivity and specificity of the fecal occult blood test.