tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract BS01-2: Moving breast cancer stem cell therapies to the clinic
Authors: MS Wicha
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The realization that many cancers, including breast cancer, are driven by cells which display stem cell properties has significant clinical implications. Furthermore, the demonstrated role of these cells in mediating tumor metastasis and treatment resistance suggests the need to develop strategies to specifically target CSC populations. Cancer stem cell self-renewal and survival pathways represent potential therapeutic targets. These self-renewal pathways are regulated by an interacting network of cell intrinsic pathways, as well as extrinsic factors from the tumor microenvironment. These mircroenvironmental factors include cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and TGFb. CSCs maintain the plasticity to transition between epithelial-like MET and mesenchymal-like EMT states, a process regulated by the tumor microenvironment through microRNA circuits. We have demonstrated that previously identified cancer stem cell markers are cancer stem cell state specific. CD44+/CD24- CSCs represent mesenchymal-like stem cells capable of tissue invasion which are largely quiescent. In contrast, Aldehyde dehydrogenase expression identifies a more epithelial-like cancer stem cell state associated with self-renewal. Reversible EMT/MET transitions play a crucial role in mediating tumor metastasis. Preclinical breast cancer models predict that the greatest efficacy of CSC targeting therapeutics will occur when they are used in the adjuvant setting, a concept supported by preclinical models and clinical trials. Tumor regression may reflect effects on bulk cell populations explaining the lack of correlation between tumor shrinkage and patient survival. In contrast, recurrence following adjuvant therapy may be mediated by CSCs, which possesses sufficient self-renewal to form clinically significant metastasies. The important role of HER2 signaling in regulating breast cancer stem cell self-renewal may account for the remarkable clinical efficacy of targeting HER2 in the adjuvant setting. Furthermore, the clinical benefit of such therapies in classically defined HER2-negative breast cancers may be due to selective expression of HER2 in CSCs in the absence of HER2 gene amplification. The clinical benefit of adjuvant trastuzumab in women whose breast cancers are currently classified as HER2-negative is currently being assessed in the randomized national clinical trial B47. These studies may demonstrate the need for reevaluating currently used clinical endpoints and clinical trial designs. Promising new technologies including the isolation and molecular characterization of circulating cancer stem cells may provide the opportunity for real time assessment of the efficacy of CSC targeting agents. A number of agents regulating BCSCs have entered early phase clinical trials which will determine whether effective targeting of CSCs improves patient outcome. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr BS01-2.
Does This Patient Have Medical Decision-Making Capacity?
Authors: Laura L Sessums, Hanna Zembrzuska, Jeffrey L Jackson
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Evaluation of the capacity of a patient to make medical decisions should occur in the context of specific medical decisions when incapacity is considered.To determine the prevalence of incapacity and assessment accuracy in adult medicine patients without severe mental illnesses.MEDLINE and EMBASE (from their inception through April 2011) and bibliographies of retrieved articles.We included high-quality prospective studies (n = 43) of instruments that evaluated medical decision-making capacity for treatment decisions.Two authors independently appraised study quality, extracted relevant data, and resolved disagreements by consensus.Incapacity was uncommon in healthy elderly control participants (2.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7%-3.9%) compared with medicine inpatients (26%; 95% CI, 18%-35%). Clinicians accurately diagnosed incapacity (positive likelihood ratio [LR+] of 7.9; 95% CI, 2.7-13), although they recognized it in only 42% (95% CI, 30%-53%) of affected patients. Although not designed to assess incapacity, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores less than 20 increased the likelihood of incapacity (LR, 6.3; 95% CI, 3.7-11), scores of 20 to 24 had no effect (LR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.53-1.2), and scores greater than 24 significantly lowered the likelihood of incapacity (LR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06-0.34). Of 9 instruments compared with a gold standard, only 3 are easily performed and have useful test characteristics: the Aid to Capacity Evaluation (ACE) (LR+, 8.5; 95% CI, 3.9-19; negative LR [LR-], 0.21; 95% CI, 0.11-0.41), the Hopkins Competency Assessment Test (LR+, 54; 95% CI, 3.5-846; LR-, 0; 95% CI, 0.0-0.52), and the Understanding Treatment Disclosure (LR+, 6.0; 95% CI, 2.1-17; LR-, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.06-0.41). The ACE was validated in the largest study; it is freely available online and includes a training module.Incapacity is common and often not recognized. The MMSE is useful only at extreme scores. The ACE is the best available instrument to assist physicians in making assessments of medical decision-making capacity.
818-6 Women remain at higher risk for retroperitoneal hematoma after percutaneous coronary intervention in the era of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and vascular closure devices
Authors: H.M.Omar Farouque, Jennifer A Tremmel, Meenakshi Aggarwal, Farshad Raissi Shabari, William F Fearon, Mehrdad Rezaee, Alan C Yeung, David P Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Hemodynamic Response to Discoid Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: JACK M. MATLOFF, JAMES E. DALEN, LEWIS DEXTER, DWIGHT E. HARKEN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Hemodynamic studies were performed before and daily for 7 to 10 days after mitral valve replacement with a discoid prosthesis in 15 patients. Left atrial mean pressure fell from a mean of 27.5 mm Hg before surgery to normal levels (mean 11 mm Hg) within 24 hours of surgery. Cardiac index reached normal levels (mean 2.97 L/min/m 2 ) within 48 hours of valve replacement, and remained in the normal range throughout the early postoperative period in 12 of the 15 patients. The association of normal left atrial pressure and cardiac output in response to the increased metabolic demands of the postoperative period has not been reported with caged-ball mitral valve replacement. Pulmonary artery mean pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance showed a sharp decrease toward normal in the early postoperative period. In seven patients with systemic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery mean pressure decreased from 72 mm Hg before surgery to 38 mm Hg at 7 to 10 days. The observed hemodynamic findings in these patients are consistent with experimental evidence that discoid mitral prostheses offer less resistance to blood flow than caged-ball mitral prostheses.
Clinical Lecture on a Case of Extreme Cirrhosis of the Liver in Early Life
Authors: W. B. Cheadle
Journal: BMJ (1871)

Progr:ssive Emaciation anzd Debility in a Boy, agLvd I8. -Absence of any Drain to account for it.-Slight Enlargement of Liver anzd Splcen.-Gradual AgC ravvation of'all Symptoms.
Polymorphisms in the myeloperoxidase gene locus are associated with acute kidney injury–related outcomes
Authors: Mary C. Perianayagam, Hocine Tighiouart, Orfeas Liangos, Diana Kouznetsov, Ron Wald, Fangwen Rao, Daniel T. O'Connor, Bertrand L. Jaber
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
The FGFR4-G388R Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Alters Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Progression and Response to mTOR Inhibition Therapy
Authors: Stefano Serra, Lei Zheng, Manal Hassan, Alexandria T. Phan, Linda J. Woodhouse, James C. Yao, Shereen Ezzat, Sylvia L. Asa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), also known as islet cell tumors, exhibit a wide range of biologic behaviors ranging from long dormancy to rapid progression. Currently, there are few molecular biomarkers that can be used to predict recurrence/metastasis or response to therapy. This study examined the predictive and prognostic value of a single nucleotide polymorphism substituting an arginine (R) for glycine (G) in codon 388 of the FGFR4 transmembrane domain. We established the FGFR4 genotype of 71 patients with pNETs and correlated genotype with biologic behavior. We created an in vivo model of pNET with BON1 cells and transfected them with either FGFR4-G388 or FGFR4-R388 to determine the mechanism of action and to examine response to the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. We then validated the predictive results of experimental studies in a group of patients treated with everolimus. FGFR4-R388 is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior in patients with pNETs with a statistically significant higher risk of advanced tumor stage and liver metastasis. Using an orthotopic mouse xenograft model, we show that FGFR4-R388 promotes tumor progression by increasing intraperitoneal spread and metastatic growth within the liver. Unlike FGFR4-G388, FGFR4-R388 BON1 tumors exhibited diminished responsiveness to everolimus. Concordantly, there was a statistically significant reduction in response to everolimus in patients with FGFR4-R388. Our findings highlight the importance of the FGFR4 allele in pNET progression and identify a predictive marker of potential therapeutic importance in this disease. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5683–91. ©2012 AACR.
Metabolism of deoxycorticosterone and deoxycorticosterone sulfate in men and women.
Authors: M L Casey, P C MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

In this investigation we found that little of intravenously infused [14C]deoxycorticosterone (DOC) was converted to [14C]DOC-SO4 that entered plasma. Moreover little of intravenously infused [3H]DOC-SO4 was metabolized by way of DOC except by intestinal bacterial enzymes. However evidence was obtained that plasma DOC is converted to DOC-SO4 in liver, but little of the DOC-SO4 formed in liver escapes into blood; rather the DOC-SO4 enters bile and in the intestine is converted, in part, to progesterone (or metabolites thereof) by the action of bacterial enzymes. The estimated intrahepatic fractional conversion of DOC to DOC-SO4 was significantly greater in premenopausal women (0.72 +/- 0.118, mean +/- SEM) than in men (0.28 +/- 0.036, P less than 0.005).
Consumer-Driven Health Care—Reply
Authors: Robert A. Berenson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Isomorphisms and subjective colors
Authors: Gregory R. Lockhead, Scott A. Huettel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Palmer describes a “subjective barrier” that limits knowledge of others' experience. We discuss how this barrier extends to all knowledge, becoming less distinct as theoretical constructs are strengthened. We provide evidence for isomorphic experience, among individuals with similar physiologies, by showing that perceived relations between colors are as similar when viewing pigments as when viewing subjective colors caused by flickering bars.
Control of childhood pemphigus erythematosus with steroids and azathioprine
Authors: M.T. Gupta, H.R. Jerajani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Control of childhood pemphigus erythematosus with steroids and azathioprine Get access M.T. Gupta, M.T. Gupta Department of Dermatology, LTMGH & LTMMC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India E‐mail: adrmadhu@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.R. Jerajani H.R. Jerajani Department of Dermatology, LTMGH & LTMMC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India E‐mail: adrmadhu@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 1, 1 January 2004, Pages 163–164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05754.x Published: 01 January 2004
PTPRO plays a dual role in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury through feedback activation of NF-κB
Authors: Jiajie Hou, Yongxiang Xia, Runqiu Jiang, Dianyu Chen, Juan Xu, Lei Deng, Xingxu Huang, Xuehao Wang, Beicheng Sun
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Clofibrate, fibrinolysis, and platelet stickiness.
Authors: G. R. Fearnley
Journal: BMJ (1970)

questioning.The story of unexplained abdominal pain in the mother or other members of the family tends to support the diagnosis.Treatment with antidepressants, either the tricyclic group or monoamine oxidase inhibitors, is frequently effective in eliminating the abdominal discomfort.In most cases regardless of age the relief is permanent unless there is renewed stress causing repeated anxiety in the child.The condition may be disabling, since the depressed child cannot function adequately either socially or at school.The underlying emotional problems often remain unsuspected, and frequent short absences from school lead to poor school work and antipathy on the part of the teachers.There is reluctance to use antidepressant drugs in children, but in this type of recur- rent abdominal pain they are certainly no more dangerous than a laparotomy and may be much more beneficial.-Weare, etc.,
Extended prescribing by UK nurses and pharmacists
Authors: Martin Jones, Dawn Miller, Ben Lucas, Joanna Bennett, Richard Gray
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—We recently conducted a qualitative evaluation study assessing the impact of mental health nurse supplementary nurse prescribing, addressing some of the issues raised by Avery and Pringle.1

Eleven service users, most with a diagnosis of psychosis, were interviewed about their experiences of the prescribing scheme, as were 12 consultant psychiatrist independent prescribers and 11 trained nurse prescribers. At the time of the interviews, eight of the nurse prescribers had prescribed psychiatric drugs.

The interviews for the nurses and psychiatrists focused on the quality of the training, support, and supervision; physical health care; and the experiences of providing a prescribing intervention. The service user interviews focused on their perception of involvement in treatment decisions, the management of adverse effects, and the quality of the relationship with the prescribing nurse.

Some key themes emerged from the data. Service users reported that nurse prescribers provided a greater focus on collaboration and treatment options. They thought that the nurse listened to their concerns, acknowledged difficulties associated with using psychiatric drugs, and provided information on how to minimise the risks of use. Most of the psychiatrists reported that nurse prescribing made their life easier and improved the knowledge base of the team. Both they and nurses worked in a way that was more evidence based, improving practice as a result.

The opportunity arose for improved physical health care for service users with mental health difficulties. Both nurses and psychiatrists said that this was early days in the process of the new scheme. All of the nurses interviewed, except for the nurse consultant, made comparatively straightforward decisions and prescribed for only a few service users.

The study also showed that pharmacists had not returned any prescriptions, and no prescribing mistakes had been made. Several nurse prescribers and psychiatrists identified a need to redefine roles, so that nurse prescribing practice becomes an advanced role, with the necessary support structures in place.

Nurse prescribing can lead to improvement in clinical practice, and it has clear benefits for service users. We therefore welcome the Department of Health's announcement.
CALCIFIED BRAIN TUMOR
Authors: George M. Crabb
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The following history presents a case that I believe is very unusual in medical literature. If any similar cases have been reported, I have been unable to find them.  Heuer and Dandy 1 report from the foreign literature seven cases of calcification within the brain, consisting of calcification of pineal glands and calcification of the cyst walls. They add six cases of their own in which partial calcification of brain tumors or cyst walls cast shadows on the roentgenograms. Miller of Denver, 2 and Lynn-Thomas 3 of England, each report a case of intercranial calcification. Miller's case was that of three small calculi in the brain substance, and Lynn-Thomas' case was a calcified epithelioma in the left ventricle. In both of these cases, epileptic seizures were prominent and persistent symptoms. Both patients were operated on and made complete recovery.  There are many other references in the literature to cases in
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSE AND PREVENTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISEASES DUE TO TETRYL
Authors: WILLIAM L. RUXTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1917)

Journal Article AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSE AND PREVENTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISEASES DUE TO TETRYL Get access WILLIAM L. RUXTON, M.B. WILLIAM L. RUXTON, M.B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 29, Issue 1, 1 January 1917, Pages 18–29, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1917.tb09646.x Published: 01 January 1917
Reorganization in Yorkshire
Authors: W. R. M. Couper
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Acute Calf Swelling SIR,-Dr.B. Thalayasingam and others (21 December, p. 719) point out that acute synovial rupture of the knee joint may cause an acute swelling of the calf which closely mimics deep vein thrombosis.They add that this condition is underdiagnosed and blame in part its poor documentation in the general medical literature.However, there may be a further reason for its underdiagnosis.We have recently described a patient who presented with an acute swelling of the calf.'This was diagnosed as due to a deep vein thrombosis and the diagnosis was apparently confirmed by the elevated uptake of '5I-radiofibrinogen measured over the affected area.During treatment with heparin he developed a haematoma of the calf, and the true diagnosis of ruptured synovium of the knee joint was then established by arthrography.The false positive result of the radiofibrinogen test was probably due to the radioactive material in blood and synovial fluid trucking down into the muscles of the calf.
IOM Recommends Federal Regulation Over the Salt Content of Certain Foods
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P118 Predicting survival in patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: K. Williamson, A. Sullivan, N. Folland, S. Rees, S. Gompertz
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> COPD is the fifth biggest cause of death in the UK. It can be difficult to predict when these patients are coming to the end of their life. There are many clinical tools available to aid prediction of death.12 As part of a wider COPD audit we assessed whether one of these could identify which patients admitted with an exacerbation should be referred for specialist palliative care. <h3>Method</h3> 50 consecutive patients admitted to an acute hospital with exacerbations of COPD were assessed between August and September 2009. Gold Standards Framework1 indicators for organ disease and other general predictors of end-stage illness were recorded. Where available (33/50), we calculated a modified BODE score (without the measure of exercise capacity). At 10 months, we assessed how many patients had survived. <h3>Results</h3> 30% (15/50) of the patients had died by 10 months. Median BOD score at admission was five in survivors and in those who had died. The remaining data are summarised in Abstract P118 Table 1. <h3>Discussion</h3> In our group of patients a modified BODE score was not helpful in predicting outcome at 10 months. Recurrent admissions, oxygen therapy, severe breathlessness/dependence and resistant organisms were more prevalent in the group that died. These data are being used in further developments to care pathways within our Trust.