tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Late Report of the First Case of Plasmapheresis for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia
Authors: William A. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PLASMAPHERESIS for hyperviscosity syndrome of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia has become standard treatment since the first report by Skoog and Adams<sup>1</sup>in 1959. Their patient received a 15-day course of plasmapheresis in November 1957. This is a tardy report of a case of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia treated by plasmapheresis at the University of Minnesota Hospitals in September 1956, twenty-four years ago. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 63-year-old man was admitted to the hospital on Aug 23, 1956, with a chief complaint of progressive deterioration of vision. He was unable to recognize persons or objects. He also complained of progressive dyspnea on exertion, recurrent chills and fever for several years, bruising, and gingival bleeding. Anemia had been present for five years. On physical examination, there was splenomegaly and cardiomegaly. Changes noted on funduscopic examination consisted of hemorrhages, exudates, and noticeable venous distention. Abnormalities in laboratory results included a hemoglobin level of 6.1 g/dL;
Low-Dose Aspirin to Prevent Pregnancy-Induced Hypertensive Disease
Authors: Marshall D. Lindheimer
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Imperiale and Petrulis report a meta-analysis of the use of low-dose aspirin to prevent pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease.<sup>1</sup>Despite a review of the English-language literature, they are apparently unaware of a similar meta-analysis first published by Collins in May 1988 and regularly updated subsequently.<sup>2,3</sup>Unlike Imperiale and Petrulis, Collins excluded all nonrandomized studies since such studies may introduce a bias in the assessment of treatment. Similarly, because of concerns about the selection biases that might arise by reviewing only the published data, Collins included data from unpublished studies as well as seeking information from investigators about relevant outcome measures that had not been reported. Thus, 13 studies contribute to his latest analysis including the results of the largest trial the results of which were presented publicly in January 1990 and published recently.<sup>4</sup> We would commend databases such as the Oxford Database of Clinical Trials<sup>3</sup>
Conjugated Estrogens in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women with Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: ROBERT MARCUS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Fourteen postmenopausal women with mild hyperparathyroidism were given conjugated estrogens. Serum calcium levels became normal and urinary calcium excretion was reduced for up to 2 years in ten patients taking an average dose of 1.25 mg of estrogen daily. Hypercalcemia returned quickly when therapy was interrupted. Estrogen did not systematically alter serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone or calcitriol levels or urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Significant reductions in urinary hydroxyproline and serum alkaline phosphatase activity during estrogen therapy indicate that the major effect of therapy was to decrease bone turnover. Iliac crest biopsy specimens taken before estrogen therapy showed normal trabecular bone volume and excessive osteoid seams. Follow-up biopsy specimens were taken from six patients after 1 year on therapy. Bone volume remained stable, but hyperosteoidosis had improved in only one patient. Without understanding the long-term impact of untreated mild hyperparathyroidism on bone, the benefits of estrogen therapy on bone remain uncertain. However, therapy with conjugated estrogens provides sustained control of serum and urine calcium in most women with hyperparathyroidism and is a reasonable alternative in patients who are not surgical candidates.
ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC CORRESPONDENCES OF CHILD AND ADULT.
Authors: W. T. ECKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

I have made an endeavor in this paper to indicate a few salient points of correspondence between child and adult along anatomic and physiologic lines. The task is difficult because: (1) The similarity is so great between child and adult that it is practically impossible to draw a definite dividing-line between the two. (2) There are certain generally accepted adult qualities, such as judgment, discretion, physical and mental precosity inherent in some individuals universally recognized as children. (3) Some persons, adults to all external appearances and known as such among their fellows, have the mental and physical traits of childhood and youth. This paper will deal in a brief way with: 1. Correspondences in temperature. 2. Correspondences in respiration. 3. Correspondences in circulation. 4. Correspondences in articulations. 5. Correspondences in accessory sinuses of the nose. 6. Correspondences in fetal vestiges. 7. Correspondences in emissary veins.
Reduced thrombosis in Klkb1−/− mice is mediated by increased Mas receptor, prostacyclin, Sirt1, and KLF4 and decreased tissue factor
Authors: Evi X. Stavrou, Chao Fang, Alona Merkulova, Omar Alhalabi, Nadja Grobe, Silvio Antoniak, Nigel Mackman, Alvin H. Schmaier
Journal: Blood (2014)
Tumour homing peptide-functionalized porous silicon nanovectors for cancer therapy
Authors: Päivi J. Kinnari, Maija L.K. Hyvönen, Ermei M. Mäkilä, Martti H. Kaasalainen, Antti Rivinoja, Jarno J. Salonen, Jouni T. Hirvonen, Pirjo M. Laakkonen, Hélder A. Santos
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
A lesson from the controversy about heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression.
Authors: M Bobbio, R Detrano
Journal: Circulation (1991)

To summarize the literature review, the heart rate adjustment appears to be able to perfectly discriminate patients with different numbers of diseased coronary vessels in one center, to increase the diagnostic accuracy of three-vessel or left main disease in eight centers, and unable to improve accuracy in seven centers. To explain those differences, several methodological and statistical biases have been considered. However, a recent report regarding the application of the method in eight centers and a meticulous literature review could not explain the superior performance in some laboratories.
A STUDY OF ATYPICAL TYPE II PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: Ernest G. Stillman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. At least twelve subgroups of atypical Type II pneumococcus may be recognized by specific agglutination reactions. They have been designated Subgroups IIa, IIb, IIc, IId, IIe, IIf, IIg, IIh, IIj, IIk, IIl, and IIm. 2. These subgroups have an incidence of 11 per cent in lobar pneumonia, and of 18 per cent in normal mouths. 3. Certain groups, IIb, IIc, IIf, and IIm, occur in normal mouths. 4. Subgroups IIa and IIh are met with largely in connection with disease. 5. The mortality of acute lobar pneumonia due to these atypical Type II pneumococci is fairly high—32 per cent.
George Clooney, the cauliflower, the cardiologist, and phi, the golden ratio
Authors: H. Ulmer, C. C Kelleher, M. W Dunser
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The challenge for scientists of all disciplines is to discern basic patterns and laws of nature that can be described mathematically—all this in a universe generated apparently from chaos and influenced by random events.

The “golden ratio” is one such phenomenon and has been known to mathematicians since ancient times. Two quantities are in the golden ratio when the ratio between their sum and the larger one is the same as the ratio between the larger one and the smaller. The Italian mathematician Leonardo Pisano, often known as Fibonacci, discovered the sequence (which was named after him) from which phi (Φ), the golden ratio, can …
Estrogen Receptor-β Activation Results in S-Nitrosylation of Proteins Involved in Cardioprotection
Authors: Jeffrey Lin, Charles Steenbergen, Elizabeth Murphy, Junhui Sun
Journal: Circulation (2009)

It has been shown that the activation of estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) plays an important cardioprotective role against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism for this protection is not clear. We hypothesize that estrogen protects by ER-beta activation, which leads to S-nitrosylation (SNO) of key cardioprotective proteins.We treated ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice with the ER-beta selective agonist 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-proprionitrile (DPN), 17beta-estradiol (E2), or vehicle using Alzet minipumps for 2 weeks. Isolated hearts were Langendorff perfused and subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Compared with vehicle-treated hearts, DPN- and E2-treated hearts had significantly better postischemic functional recovery and decreased infarct size. To test the specificity of DPN, we treated ER-beta-knockout mice with DPN. However, no cardioprotective effect of DPN was found in ER-beta-knockout mice, indicating that the DPN-induced cardioprotection occurs through the activation of ER-beta. Using DyLight-maleimide fluors and a modified biotin switch method, we used a 2-dimensional DyLight fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis proteomic method to quantify differences in SNO of proteins. DPN- and E2-treated hearts showed an increase in SNO of a number of proteins. Interestingly, many of these proteins also had been shown to have increased SNO in preconditioned hearts. In addition, the DPN-induced cardioprotection and increased SNO were abolished by treatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.The activation of ER-beta by DPN treatment leads to increased protein SNO and cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, suggesting that long-term estrogen exposure protects hearts largely via activation of ER-beta and nitric oxide/SNO signaling.
More evidence suggests that PSA testing leads to “overdiagnosis” of cancer
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More research suggesting that the widespread use of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test leads to the overdiagnosis of prostate cancer was published last week ( British Journal of Cancer 2006 Jul 11, doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603246).

“This study shows that a substantial minority of the observed excess of cases in recent years is likely to be due to PSA testing. A majority of the observed excess in the tested group is estimated to be overdiagnosis,” say the authors from Cambridge University and the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine.

Overdiagnosis was defined by the …
Imatinib mesylate discontinuation in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in complete molecular remission for more than 2 years
Authors: Philippe Rousselot, Francoise Huguet, Delphine Rea, Laurence Legros, Jean Michel Cayuela, Odile Maarek, Odile Blanchet, Gerald Marit, Eliane Gluckman, Josy Reiffers, Martine Gardembas, François-Xavier Mahon
Journal: Blood (2006)
Suspensio Uteri or Ventro-Fixation of the Uterus—its Influence upon Pregnancy and Labor.
Authors: Charles P. Noble.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Having recently had some unfortunate experience concerning suspensio uteri upon parturition, I feel that it is highly important that this question be settled in an authoritative way as soon as possible. The only way to determine the question is by studying the actual results as seen in the practice of all operators. I will be much indebted to any one having had a case of pregnancy following suspension of the uterus, if he will communicate the details of the case or cases to me. Very truly yours, 1637 N. Broad St., Philadelphia.
IMPACT OF PENTOXIFYLLINE ON PLATELET FUNCTION PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ON DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY
Authors: Masafumi Ueno, José L. Ferreiro, Salvatore D. Tomasello, Antonio Tello-Montoliu, Davide Capodanno, Naveen Seecheran, Kodlipet Dharmashankar, Murali Kodali, Andrew Darlington, Bhaloo Desai, Ronald K. Charlton, Theodore A. Bass, Dominick J. Angiolillo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Nuclear Arms Race and the Third World
Authors: Charles F. Gilks
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Dr Ende 1 correctly emphasizes the dangers of nuclear proliferation and points out the potential role of poverty and population growth in triggering nuclear conflict in the Third World. However, Dr Ende fails to address the primary problem, that developing countries acquire nuclear armaments and delivery systems from today's nuclear powers, often at a price that jeopardizes their own development and well-being. A halt to the production of nuclear weapons by developed countries would reduce the availability of nuclear technology and fissionable material for export or misappropriation, making it extremely difficult for nonweapons states to develop nuclear weapons. Furthermore, a halt to the nuclear arms race would free enormous human and financial resources that could be employed to promote Third World development. As noted by the World Bank, improvements in health, education, and economic circumstances are important factors in stemming population growth, 2 and would therefore ease
Clinical trials of medicines in children
Authors: I. Choonara
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Concern has been raised by health professionals 1 2 and politicians3 regarding the lack of scientific data on the use of medicines in children. Such data are usually obtained from clinical trials by the pharmaceutical industry and used to obtain a product license, and these trials are almost invariably conducted entirely in adults. Studies throughout Europe have shown that health professionals are forced to use medicines that are either not licensed for use in children or used at a different dose, for a different indication, or by an alternative route from that recommended (“off label”).4 Two thirds of children in hospital4 and 90% of sick newborn infants5 receive medicines that are unlicensed or off label. Little information is available about the risk of such prescribing, but one study has suggested that there is an increased risk of toxicity.6

The pharmaceutical industry has been reluctant to study medicines in children for various reasons. These include the limited financial returns, the difficulty of organising clinical trials in children, and concerns about possible toxicity.7 …
Low hepatitis C viremia levels in patients with anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 positive chronic hepatitis
Authors: Fabrizio Giostra, Aldo Manzin, Marco Lenzi, Raffaella Francesconi, Laura Solforosi, Paolo Manotti, Luigi Muratori, Daniela Zauli, Massimo Clementi, Francesco B. Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Impaired fibrinolysis-inducing capacity for postinjury phenotype of cultivated human arterial and human atherosclerotic intimal smooth muscle cells.
Authors: S Björkerud
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Impaired fibrinolysis is believed to promote atherosclerosis and contribute to myocardial infarction. The major triggering factor for fibrinolysis is vascular tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and the aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) for induction of fibrinolysis. SMC were plated on labeled fibrin gels, and lysis was measured as release of label. Fibrinolytic capacity was dependent on the phenotypic state of SMC. The "multilayered phenotype" to which SMC modulate after cellular injury had a much lower fibrinolysis-inducing capacity than the more ordinary "monolayered" SMC type. Fibrinolysis was mediated by activation of plasminogen. In long-term experiments under conditions imitating thrombolysis, platelet-derived growth factor promoted fibrinolysis indirectly by increase of SMC number, and a direct effect on cellular production of t-PA was not detected. SMC from atherosclerotic intima had a much lower capacity for induction of fibrinolysis than cells from adjacent nonatherosclerotic intima. SMC also displayed several structurally detectable interactions with the fibrin substratum, such as organization of the gel by means of extension of numerous filamentous processes and contraction and wrinkling of the gel. In conclusion, human arterial SMC in vitro induce fibrinolysis by activation of plasminogen. This capacity is dependent on phenotype and lowered for SMC from atherosclerotic intima, suggesting impairment after arterial injury and in atherosclerosis.
Nitric oxide as a mediator of delayed pharmacological (A1 receptor triggered) preconditioning; is eNOS masquerading as iNOS?
Authors: R Bell
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), synthesised from the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), is implicated in mediating second window of protection (SWOP)/delayed ischemic preconditioning. However the role of NO and iNOS in delayed pharmacological protection remains unclear and is the subject of this investigation. Methods: To test the hypothesis that iNOS is necessary for delayed pharmacological preconditioning, the adenosine A1 receptor agonist, 2-chloro N6 cyclopentyl adenosine (CCPA) (25 μg/kg i.v.) or saline was administered to wild type (WT) or iNOS gene knockout mice (KO). Twenty-four hours later, the hearts were isolated, Langendorff perfused and subjected to 35 min ischemia/30 min reperfusion prior to infarct size determination. Results: WT and KO control hearts had identical infarct sizes of 37±3% and 37±2%, respectively. CCPA significantly reduced infarct size in WT hearts to 22±2% and also, unexpectedly, in KO hearts (27±2%). This protection was abrogated with the non-specific NOS inhibitor, Nω nitro l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 100 μM), and could be mimicked in naïve hearts with the NO donor, donor S-nitroso N-acetyl dl penicillamine (SNAP, 1 μM). Delayed protection appeared to be mediated by NO synthesis in both WT and KO hearts. Additional studies using Western blot analysis demonstrated endothelial NOS (eNOS) upregulation and increased NOx release in both WT and KO hearts. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate a role for eNOS in delayed A1 receptor triggered (pharmacological) preconditioning, potentially representing a new pharmacological target for protecting the ischemic heart.
Carcinoma of the Gallbladder-Reply
Authors: Herbert Derman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Thorbjarnarson's letter highlights the accepted medical and surgical teaching of our time. Our study was originally generated by the vague impression that gallstones were being encountered at autopsy with a frequency that made us question the soundness of what we had learned and, in fact, were ourselves teaching. Since the data in a large surgical sample of 1,396 consecutive cholecystectomies indicate that gallbladder carcinoma occurs as frequently without calculi as with them, we are no longer certain that cancer and calculi are related. A review of the literature has shown that most figures purporting to show a higher incidence of gallbladder carcinoma in calculous gallbladders than in noncalculous gallbladders actually do no such thing. Gallbladder carcinoma is a disease of later life, as shown by Kirshbaum and Kozoll's and our own experience of no patients younger than age 42. If one wishes to calculate the incidence
Lead Thirteen Electrocardiography
Authors: Louis Pelner
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The enclosed leads were taken from the graph of a patient who had been taking unnecessary precautions against his usual activities because a Q wave in lead III and lead aVFwere found.  The presence of a Q wave in lead III alone is of minor importance. However, when such a change is associated with the appearance of a deep Q wave in aVF, there exists strong evidence of the presence of an inferior wall infarct. It could also mean a horizontal heart. Lead aVFis inscribed from an electrode that faces the posterior-inferior (diaphragmatic) surface of the heart. If the position of the heart is altered (eg, by deep breathing) with respect to the electrode, the portion of the heart that faces the electrode will be a different one. If deep breathing eliminates the deep Q waves from lead III and lead aV
Overview of the Randomised Trials of Radiotherapy in Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: S Darby, Collab Ebct.
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) was set up in the mid-1980s to co-ordinate 5-yearly meta-analyses of centrally collated individual patient data from women in all randomised trials of the treatment of early breast cancer. The present cycle considers trials that began by 2000 and includes follow-up to 2006 where available. The latest results from the overview of trials of radiotherapy versus the same management but without radiotherapy will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr MS3-1.
Survival of myocardial infarction patients treated with aspirin is enhanced by prehospital administration
Authors: Israel M. Barbash, Dov Freimark, Shmuel Gottlieb, Hanoch Hod, Alexander Battler, Yonathan Hasin, Eugene Crystal, Valentina Boyko, Solomon Behar, Jonathan Leor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer: Update of Early Detection Guidelines for Prostate, Colorectal, and Endometrial Cancers: ALSO: Update 2001--Testing for Early Lung Cancer Detection
Authors: R. A. Smith, A. C. von Eschenbach, R. Wender, B. Levin, T. Byers, D. Rothenberger, D. Brooks, W. Creasman, C. Cohen, C. Runowicz, D. Saslow, V. Cokkinides, H. Eyre
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2001)

Updates to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines regarding screening for the early detection of prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers, based on the recommendations of recent ACS workshops, are presented. Additionally, the authors review the "cancer-related check-up," clinical encounters that provide case-finding and health counseling opportunities. Finally, the ACS is issuing an updated narrative related to testing for early lung cancer detection for clinicians and individuals at high risk of lung cancer in light of emerging data on new imaging technologies. Although it is likely that current screening protocols will be supplanted in the future by newer, more effective technologies, the establishment of an organized and systematic approach to early cancer detection would lead to greater utilization of existing technology and greater progress in cancer control.