tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How Far Should a Physiatrist Go?
Authors: Richard S. Materson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have received numerous telephone calls and letters from constituents in my academy responding to the review by Edward A. Edwards, MD,<sup>1</sup>of the book<i>Medical Rehabilitation</i>, edited by Lauro S. Halstead and Martin Grabois. Following four rather lengthy paragraphs complimenting the book comes a fifth paragraph that I and my constituents hardly believe belongs in a book review section. The reviewer questions whether a physiatrist should perform diagnostic tests such as electromyography, nerve conduction studies, or electrocardiography and suggests that primary care physicians such as the neurologist, the cardiologist, and others should perform the medical care for the rehabilitation patient. This pejorative opinion does not relate to the book but rather seems to be the ruminations of an extraordinarily uninformed observer. The education and training of physiatrists is now a four-year program approved by the Accreditation Committee for Graduate Medical Education and reviewed by the
Cell Proliferation of Estrogen-Sensitive Cells: The Case for Negative Control*
Authors: ANA M. SOTO, CARLOS SONNENSCHEIN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1987)

THAT the administration of estrogens to oophorectomized vertebrates results in the proliferation of certain cell types in secondary sex organs has been acknowledged for decades (1). Whether 17β-estradiol (E2) acts directly or indirectly on the proliferation of such target cells has been widely debated without reaching a conclusive answer. Since a definitive answer to this question cannot be obtained using whole animals, researchers explored models in which rodent target tissues have been explanted in culture (2–4). However, these experimental designs were not sufficiently discriminatory to conclude whether proliferation was due directly to the estrogen interaction with the cell that was stimulated or whether intermediate steps among cell types or within cells were responsible for the effect observed (1–10). During the 60's and 70's renewed interest in characterizing the proliferative response of estrogen target tissues in whole animal models became apparent as the concept of the estrogen receptor, or estrophilins, was developed during this period (11–14). The identification of this discrete cellular marker of target cells was assumed by many to establish a direct causal relationship between estrogen and proliferation (15). Interaction with estrophilins became the obligatory step in this relationship. Cell functions thought to be regulated by estrophilins included synthesis of specific proteins (PRL, ovalbumin, conalbumin, gonadotropins, etc.) and enzymes that are important for cell proliferation (thymidine kinase, DNA polymerase, ornithine decarboxylase, etc.) (16–18). This generalization was implied within the original concepts offered by Jensen whereby estrogen target cells were defined by their estrophilin content (15). There is now general agreement that estrophilins do play an essential regulatory role in the synthesis of cell-type specific proteins, but their role in proliferation of estrogen target cells remains controversial (5). Observations which argue against a direct role of estrophilins in this context include 1) cells containing significant levels of estrophilins do not proliferate when estrogens are administered to oophorectomized animals (19); 2) cells in organs not considered typical targets (the kidney, for example) develop estrogen-sensitive tumors when an estrogen pellet is implanted in the host (20); and 3) organs not considered to be estrogen targets contain cell populations with estrophilins (19, 20). Nevertheless, many researchers consider estrophilins as direct, obligatory mediators of both cell-type specific protein synthesis and cell proliferation (21–25).
A Communitywide Outbreak of Giardiasis with Evidence of Transmission by a Municipal Water Supply
Authors: PETER K. SHAW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Three hundred fifty residents of Rome, New York, had laboratory-confirmed cases of giardiasis between 1 November 1974 and 7 June 1975. A random household survey showed an overall attack rate for giardiasis (defined as a diarrheal illness of 5 days or more) of 10.6%. A significant association was discovered between having giardiasis and using city water and between having illness and drinking 1 or more glasses of water a day. The presence of human settlements in the Rome watershed area suggested that the water supply could have been contaminated by untreated human waste. The infectivity of municipal water was confirmed by producing giardiasis in specific pathogen-free dogs fed sediment samples of raw water obtained from an inlet of a city reservoir. A microscopic examination of the water sediments uncovered a Giardia lamblia cyst in one sample. This was the first time that a G. lamblia cyst has been found in municipal water in an epidemic and the first time that such water has been shown to infect laboratory animals.
The relation between p53 mutation and p53 immunostaining in non-melanoma skin cancer
Authors: C. CAMPBELL, A.G. QUINN, B. ANGUS, J.L. REES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Extensive study of the p53 gene has established its role as a tumour-suppressor gene, and the involvement of mutant p53 in a wide spectrum of human malignancy. Many mutations of p53 result in a protein product that is abnormally stable, so that it becomes readily detectable by immunocytochemistry. In contrast, under normal conditions, it has been considered that levels of wild-type p53 were too low to be detectable. Although positive immunocytochemistry has been used as a marker of mutation, recent evidence suggests that this assumption may not always be valid. We have carried out both PCR-sequencing of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene in 20 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), and immunocytochemistry of these tumours with the anti-p53 antibody DO7. Twenty cases of Bowen's disease, in which we had previously documented mutations, were also immunostained. We report a low rate of p53 mutation in the BCCs we examined (2/20), and a discrepancy between tumours with positive immunostaining and those with mutation in both Bowen's disease and BCC. Of eight tumours in which we detected mutation, only four were immunopositive: of 19 immunopositive samples, only four showed detectable mutation. We discuss the implications of our results for the use of positive immunostaining in clinical diagnosis, and the involvement of p53 in skin carcinogenesis.
Nonsurgical closure of femoral pseudoaneurysms complicating cardiac catheterization and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Subodh K. Agrawal, Luiz Pinheiro, Gary S. Roubin, James A. Hearn, Adam D. Cannon, Peter J. Macander, Jennifer L. Barnes, Larry S. Dean, Navin C. Nanda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Psoriasis: evolution of pathogenic concepts and new therapies through phases of translational research
Authors: E. Guttman-Yassky, J.G. Krueger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Psoriasis is perhaps unique for a disease studied through translational science in that there is not an accepted animal model, yet many rounds of bidirectional translation have taken place that have helped to define disease pathogenesis and to advance therapy. In this review, we illustrate the evolution of new pathogenic concepts and the testing of new therapeutic agents through translational research in humans. We present a current view of disease pathogenesis that stems from research in patients and animal models, but with the perspectives (i) that disease models can advance or hinder the overall translational enterprise and (ii) that the research process must be firmly grounded in the pathophysiology of the actual human condition.
Further Trials of Live Influenza Vaccine
Authors: B. E. Andrews, A. S. Beare, J. C. McDonald, A. J. Zuckerman, D. A. J. Tyrrell
Journal: BMJ (1966)

ment is inadequate.As a rough guide for non-surgical cases treatment given over a period equal to the length of the history would in most cases have been adequate. SummaryA group of 350 children with urinary-tract infection have been kept under continued surveyance.The infections were not controlled in 28 cases, all of which had major renal-tract abnormalities.The remaining 322 responded to treatment but had a high relapse rate, particularly during the first 18 months after initial control.During treatment relapses might occur at any time, and many were associated with resistant organisms or the child's failure to take the prescribed medicine or pills.Relapses after treat- ment had stopped were usually unexplained, but were most likely to occur within the first three months.Thirteen per cent. of all relapses were associated with upper respiratory infections.Relapses were significantly more frequent during the winter half-year, November to April, than in the summer.There was some suggestion that for non-surgical cases with a history of over two years' duration anything less than three months' treatment was inadequate.I would like to thank Professor S. D. M. Court for his help and interest.I am
Diabetes and hypertension in britain's ethnic minorities: implications for the future of renal services
Authors: V. S. Raleigh
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Diabetes and hypertension are much more prevalent among Britain9s 2.5 million Asian and African-Caribbean population than among the white population and are major contributors to end stage renal failure. Asians and African-Caribbeans have threefold to fourfold higher acceptance rates on to renal replacement therapy than white people, and in some districts they comprise up to half of all patients receiving such treatment. Their greater need for renal replacement treatment is accompanied by difficulties of tissue matching in cross racial transplants and a shortage of donor organs. The aging of ethnic minority populations will increase local need for renal services significantly. Measures to control diabetes, hypertension, and secondary complications in Asian and African-Caribbean communities will contribute both to safeguarding health and to economies in spending on renal services. Education about diabetes and hypertension, modification of behavioural risk factors, early diagnosis, effective glycaemic and blood pressure control, and early referral for signs of renal impairment are essential preventive measures. Primary and community health care professionals have a critical role to play here.
Psycho-Social Help to War Victims: Women Refugees and Their Families
Authors: Harry A. Wilmer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<i>Psycho-Social Help to War Victims</i>focuses on practical issues in implementing and operating programs for treatment and rehabilitation of woman and child victims of multiple trauma and rape in Bosnia-Herzegovina who became refugees in Croatia. The book is largely a collection of short reports by professional and nonprofessional members of the treatment and rehabilitation teams. It is, I believe, a report to the Rehabilitation and Research Center for Torture Victims, that remarkable and famous independent humanitarian, nonpolitical organization in Copenhagen, Denmark. This book precedes the publication of a research book based on the measurement scales collected in this project. <i>Psycho-Social Help to War Victims</i>should be read by people concerned about programs for women and children who in war are victims of rape, torture, violence, and displacement and how a multidisciplinary team works in the field. The project was carefully planned and focused so that it gave a considerable degree
Acute Gonococcal Arthritis: Clinical Findings Presented by 28 Patients Observed in Recent Years.
Authors: M. M. Montgomery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Acute Gonococcal Arthritis: Clinical Findings Presented by 28 Patients Observed in Recent Years.M. M. Montgomery, M.D., F.A.C.P., R. M. Poske, M.D. (Assoc.), C. G. Pilz, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. A. Libnoch, M.D.M. M. Montgomery, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, R. M. Poske, M.D. (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this author, C. G. Pilz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. A. Libnoch, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-688_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the past few years, the idea that gonococcal arthritis has become a rarity and that only young women and homosexual males are affected has been quite generally accepted. At the University of Illinois Research and Educational Hospitals and the Veterans Administration Westside Hospital, in the past eight years 28 patients with proven or presumptive gonococcal arthritis have been studied. These patients had acute arthritis, of recent onset, which was frequently considered to be acute rheumatic fever. The chronic and destructive type of arthritis previously identified with a gonococcal infection was not seen.All 18 of the University of Illinois... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: M. M. Montgomery, M.D., F.A.C.P.; R. M. Poske, M.D. (Assoc.); C. G. Pilz, M.D., F.A.C.P.; J. A. Libnoch, M.D.Affiliations: Chicago, Ill. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGonococcal Arthritis Complicating Gonorrheal PharyngitisALLAN LAWRENCE METZGER, M.D.Less common types of arthritisDermal Disorders and Rheumatic Diseases 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 688-689KeywordsArthritisHomosexualsRheumatic fever ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lipocalin 2 is essential for chronic kidney disease progression in mice and humans
Authors: Amandine Viau, Khalil El Karoui, Denise Laouari, Martine Burtin, Clément Nguyen, Kiyoshi Mori, Evangéline Pillebout, Thorsten Berger, Tak Wah Mak, Bertrand Knebelmann, Gérard Friedlander, Jonathan Barasch, Fabiola Terzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Mechanisms of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a major health care burden, are poorly understood. EGFR stimulates CKD progression, but the molecular networks that mediate its biological effects remain unknown. We recently showed that the severity of renal lesions after nephron reduction varied substantially among mouse strains and required activation of EGFR. Here, we utilized two mouse strains that react differently to nephron reduction — FVB/N mice, which develop severe renal lesions, and B6D2F1 mice, which are resistant to early deterioration — coupled with genome-wide expression to elucidate the molecular nature of CKD progression. Our results showed that lipocalin 2 (Lcn2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin [NGAL]), the most highly upregulated gene in the FVB/N strain, was not simply a marker of renal lesions, but an active player in disease progression. In fact, the severity of renal lesions was dramatically reduced in Lcn2–/– mice. We discovered that Lcn2 expression increased upon EGFR activation and that Lcn2 mediated its mitogenic effect during renal deterioration. EGFR inhibition prevented Lcn2 upregulation and lesion development in mice expressing a dominant negative EGFR isoform, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) was crucially required for EGFR-induced Lcn2 overexpression. Consistent with this, cell proliferation was dramatically reduced in Lcn2–/– mice. These data are relevant to human CKD, as we found that LCN2 was increased particularly in patients who rapidly progressed to end-stage renal failure. Together our results uncover what we believe to be a novel function for Lcn2 and a critical pathway leading to progressive renal failure and cystogenesis.
Hodgkin Disease in 1974
Authors: Rodney R. Million
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MANY or all of the textbooks sitting on our shelves are dead wrong; Hodgkin disease is often a curable neoplasm. For the physician who sees a wide range of diagnostic problems, the chances are fairly good that he or she will encounter patients with signs or symptoms suggestive of Hodgkin disease; only a few cases will eventually be diagnosed as Hodgkin disease or other malignant neoplasm. However, early diagnosis may not only improve the chances of cure, but may also reduce the harshness of the treatment. <h3>Diagnostic Pitfalls</h3> The diagnosis of Hodgkin disease is generally an easy one, but, like all diseases, occasionally presents perplexing problems. The majority of patients first appear to have asymptomatic lymphadenopathy. The following points are useful in regard to lymph node biopsy. The surgeon should select one of the larger nodes for biopsy, as small, superficial nodes may be normal or contain only small
Alleviation of Sleep Apnea in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure by Nocturnal Cycler–Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis Compared with Conventional Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Sydney C.W. Tang, Bing Lam, Pui Pui Ku, Wah Shing Leung, Chung Ming Chu, Yiu Wing Ho, Mary S.M. Ip, Kar Neng Lai
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Nocturnal hemodialysis has been shown to improve sleep apnea in patients who receive conventional hemodialysis. It was hypothesized that nocturnal peritoneal dialysis (NPD) also is effective in correcting sleep apnea in patients who receive continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD). Overnight polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 46 stable NPD and CAPD patients who were matched for demographic and clinical attributes. The prevalence of sleep apnea, defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; or frequency of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep) ≥15, was 52% for NPD patients and 91% for CAPD patients ( P  = 0.007). The mean (±SD) AHI in NPD and CAPD patients was 31.6 ± 25.6 and 50.9 ± 26.4 ( P  = 0.025), respectively. For validation of the efficacy of NPD in alleviating sleep apnea, a fixed sequence intervention study was performed in which 24 incident PD patients underwent one PSG study during mandatory cycler-assisted NPD while awaiting their turn for CAPD training and a second PSG recording shortly after they were established on stable CAPD. The prevalence of sleep apnea was 4.2% during NPD and 33.3% during CAPD ( P  = 0.016). AHI increased from 3.4 ± 1.34 during NPD to 14.0 ± 3.46 during CAPD ( P   versus  35.1 ± 7.35 L;  P  = 0.004). NPD delivered greater reductions in total body water (−2.81 ± 0.45  versus  −1.34 ± 0.3 L;  P  = 0.015) and hydration fraction (−3.63 ± 0.64  versus  −0.71 ± 0.52%;  P  = 0.005) during sleep. Pulmonary function tests remained unchanged before and after conversion from NPD to CAPD. These findings suggest that NPD may have a therapeutic edge over CAPD in sleep apnea that is associated with renal failure as a result of better fluid clearance during sleep.
The Effect of Race and Sex on Physicians' Recommendations for Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Kevin A. Schulman, Jesse A. Berlin, William Harless, Jon F. Kerner, Shyrl Sistrunk, Bernard J. Gersh, Ross Dubé, Christopher K. Taleghani, Jennifer E. Burke, Sankey Williams, John M. Eisenberg, William Ayers, José J. Escarce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Epidemiologic studies have reported differences in the use of cardiovascular procedures according to the race and sex of the patient. Whether the differences stem from differences in the recommendations of physicians remains uncertain.
Alcohol consumption and cognitive performance in a random sample of Australian soldiers who served in the second world war
Authors: O F Dent, M R Sulway, G A Broe, H Creasey, S C Kos, A F Jorm, C Tennant, M J Fairley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the association between the average daily alcohol intake of older men in 1982 and cognitive performance and brain atrophy nine years later. <b>Subjects:</b> Random sample of 209 Australian men living in the community who were veterans of the second world war. Their mean age in 1982 was 64.3 years. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> 18 standard neuropsychological tests measuring a range of intellectual functions. Cortical, sylvian, and vermian atrophy on computed tomography. <b>Results:</b> Compared with Australian men of the same age in previous studies these men had sustained a high rate of alcohol consumption into old age. However, there was no significant correlation, linear or non-linear, between alcohol consumption in 1982 and results in any of the neuropsychological tests in 1991; neither was alcohol consumption associated with brain atrophy on computed tomography. <b>Conclusion:</b> No evidence was found that apparently persistent lifelong consumption of alcohol was related to the cognitive functioning of these men in old age. <h3>Key messages</h3> The effects of lifelong alcohol consumption on cognitive function are of interest in view of recent changes to recommendations for sensible drinking In this study of Australian veterans of the second world war, alcohol consumption measured in 1982 was not associated with performance nine years later in 18 standard neuropsychological tests measuring a range of intellectual functions Computed tomography showed no difference in brain atrophy between drinkers and non-drinkers and no difference according to alcohol consumption in 1982 Apparently persistent lifelong consumption of alcohol and the level of intake seemed not to have any impact on cognitive performance among these men in old age
Case 36-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Vincent P. Perlo, Edward P. Richardson, Gerald Nash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of CaseA 79-year-old right-handed man was transferred to the hospital from a tuberculosis sanatorium because of progressive deterioration.He had been well until six months previously, when he began to be drowsy and to fall asleep while at work, and three months later he was dismissed from his job. Two months before entry, because of confusion and obtundation, he was admitted to another hospital, where physical examination was reported to be negative apart from lethargy and a temperature of 38.3°C. Three and a half weeks later nuchal rigidity developed, and the obtundation increased. A lumbar puncture revealed 540 . . .
Left ventricular volume as a determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption
Authors: J. SIMAAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

The influence of an increase in the volume of the left ventricular chamber on myocardial oxygen consumption was studied in the heart-lung preparation modified to measure coronary flow. Left ventricular volume was increased by injecting saline into a rubber balloon stabilized in the left ventricular chamber away from the inflow and outflow tracts. At constant mean aortic pressure and cardiac output, left ventricular balloon volumes of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ml. increased minimal left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (balloon volume + stroke output) to 15·1 ± 0·6 ml. (52% above control values), 20·1 ± 0·7 ml. (104% above control values), 25·3 ± 0·7 ml. (157% above control values), and 29·5 ± 0·8 ml. (216% above control values), respectively. At these end-diastolic volumes, tension per cm2 of cross-sectional area of left ventricular muscle at the equator, increased above control values by 35%, 57%, 108%, and 147%, respectively. This was accompanied by an increase in oxygen consumption above control values averaging 4%, 16%, 39%, and 59%, respectively; the latter three values were statistically significant.