tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S102 The effect of respiratory viruses on the lung microbiome of adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: WG Flight, JR Marchesi, A Smith, P Norville, KJ Mutton, AK Webb, RJ Bright-Thomas, AM Jones, E Mahenthiralingam
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Viral respiratory infection (VRI) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and it has been hypothesised that respiratory viruses may predispose CF patients to acquisition of bacterial pathogens. We performed a prospective observational study to determine whether VRI leads to a change in the respiratory microbiome of adults with CF. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants provided sequential paired sputum samples over a ten month period. One sputum sample from each visit was processed using conventional culture. The second sample was analysed with 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) to examine bacterial diversity. Polymerase chain reaction assays for nine respiratory viruses were also performed on the second sample. Study visits were classified as “stable,” “viral” or “non-viral exacerbation.” Generalised estimating equation models were used to examine differences between these groups of study visits. Statistical analysis accounted for repeated observations from individual patients. <h3>Results</h3> Eighteen patients provided a total of 77 paired sputum samples over a median follow-up period of 290 days (range 62–359). 23/46 (50%) study visits were positive for a respiratory virus with rhinovirus accounting for 56% of cases. 19/46 (41%) study visits met the pre-specified criteria for pulmonary exacerbation of which 11 (58%) were virus-positive and 8 (42%) were virus-negative. Conventional culture did not identify any new bacterial species during the study period. A mean of 5453 (SD 2847) reads per sample were detected by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The mean Shannon Index was 0.59 (SD 0.58) with a mean richness of 15.1 (SD 7.9) genera. No consistent change in bacterial diversity indices or relative abundance of individual genera was seen in response to either VRI or non-viral exacerbations. The majority of patients had highly variable RISA and 16S rRNA gene profiles during follow-up. A subset of four patients (22%) had a stable respiratory microbiome which was heavily dominated by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </i>throughout despite episodes of VRI, pulmonary exacerbation and antibiotic therapy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Longitudinal change of the respiratory microbiome varies considerably among adults with CF. No consistent effect of either VRI or pulmonary exacerbation on the lung microbiome was observed.
Serotonin-Induced Regulation of the Actin Network for Learning-Related Synaptic Growth Requires Cdc42, N-WASP, and PAK in Aplysia Sensory Neurons
Authors: Hiroshi Udo, Iksung Jin, Joung-Hun Kim, Hsiu-Ling Li, Trisha Youn, Robert D. Hawkins, Eric R. Kandel, Craig H. Bailey
Journal: Neuron (2005)
TCT-464 The Killip Classification is Still Useful in Current Practice? An analysis of 4342 patients in the Regional Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry of Brittany (ORBI)
Authors: Marc Bedossa, Guillaume Leurent, Isabelle Coudert, Philippe Druelles, Jean Philippe Hacot, Benoit Moquet, Dominique Boulmier, Herve le Breton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
High-level expression of hepatitis B virus HBx gene and hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice
Authors: Kazuhiko Koike, Kyoji Moriya, Shiro Iino, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Yasuo Endo, Tatsuo Miyamura, Kiyoshi Kurokawa
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We studied the development of liver tumors in male HBx gene transgenic mice. Of two lineages studied, in the lineage with the lowest HBx gene expression liver tumors developed only in an incidence comparable with that in normal CD-1 strain, whereas 84% of male mice with a high level of the HBx gene product succumbed to liver neoplasia, indicating that continued HBx gene expression higher than a certain threshold level may be necessary for the development of hepatic neoplasia. Sixty-five mice from a lineage with a high level of HBx expression were then followed throughout their 24-mo lifespan. The livers of transgenic mice showed foci of cellular alteration with cytoplasmic vacuolations around the central veins from the age of 2 mo, but these foci did not expand progressively by the age of 12 mo. Immunostaining demonstrated such hepatocytes had higher expression of HBx protein than surrounding cells. Neoplastic lesions including liver cell adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas developed from the age of 13 mo. By bromodeoxyuridine labeling analysis, hepatocytes in altered foci were found to have increased DNA synthesis, whereas no labeling was observed in age- and sex-matched nontransgenic littermate controls. Furthermore, DNA content analysis revealed the existence of several small aneuploid peaks in the transgenic liver before the age of tumor development. These results suggest that the continued expression of HBx gene may initiate a complex process to hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing DNA synthesis and placing large numbers of hepatocytes subjective to secondary events for transformation.
958-93 Prevention of Mental Stress-induced Wall Motion Abnormalities by Nifedipine GITS and Atenolol Therapy
Authors: Thomas C. Andrews, John D. Parker, Richard Friedman, Sue Jacobs, Nancy Cummings, Gail MacCallum, Geoffrey H. Tofler, James E. Muller, Peter H. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Biliary excretion of estradiol-17?-glucuronide in the rat
Authors: H Takikawa, R Yamazaki, N Sano, M Yamanaka
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Estradiol-17β-glucuronide (E 2 17G) is a cholestatic agent and is considered to be related to the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. In the current study, we examined the mechanism of the biliary excretion of E 2 17G and estradiol metabolites in rats. Biliary excretion of tracer doses of [ 3 H]estradiol-17β-glucuronide and [ 14 C]estradiol or [ 3 H]taurocholate and ] 14 C]vinblastine, a P-glycoprotein (P-GP) substrate, intravenously administered as a bolus to bile-drained control rats or EHBR was studied. Biliary excretion of E 2 17G and estradiol metabolites EHBR was markedly delayed. Analyses of biliary metabolites after estradiol injection showed less polar conjugates in EHBR. In contrast, the excretion of taurocholate and vinblastine (VLB) was only slightly delayed in EHBR. Although phenothiazine treatment to induce the expression of P-GP increased biliary vinblastine excretion, it did not affect biliary excretion of a tracer dose of [ 3 H]estradiol-17β-glucuronide. However, phenothiazine treatment inhibited the cholestasis induced by E 2 17G infused at the rate of 0.075 μmol/min/100g for 20 minutes and increased biliary E 2 17G excretion. Sulfobromophthalein infusion (0.2 μmol/min/100 g body 0 weight) markedly inhibited the biliary excretion of E 2 17G and estradiol metabolites, whereas dibromosulfophthalein (DBSP) at the same infusion rate had no effect. These findings indicate that EG17G is excreted into bile by a canalicular organic anion carrier for sulfobromopthalein (BSP), not for DBSP, under physiological conditions, and that P-GP influences E 2 17G excretion only at a high dose. under physiological conditions, and that P-GP influence s E 2 17G excretion only at a high dose.
Hydatidiform Mole-Reply
Authors: Maryam Pour-Reza
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Regarding Dr. Pratt's remarks, we agree that a hospitalized group of patients would make a better control. However, we were unable to find such a group of volunteers. Neither of our patients suffered from blood loss, nausea or vomiting, dehydration, high blood pressure, or proteinuria. We do agree that our data are insufficient to support the presence of a disturbed protein balance. We have no data to support the presence or absence of any urinary tract obstruction in these patients. The suggestion that molar pregnancy may be related to a lower than normal intake of proteins was made only on the basis of the higher prevalence of the disease in a less adequately nourished population. Our findings are insufficient for any other conclusion. We apologize for misspelling Dr. P. B. Hawk's last name.
Antimyosin scintigraphy and immunohistologic analysis of endomyocardial biopsy in patients with clinically suspected myocarditis—evidence of myocardial cell damage and inflammation in the absence of histologic signs of myocarditis
Authors: Uwe Kühl, Bernward Lauer, Michael Souvatzoglu, Henning Vosberg, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER TREATING ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS WITH A DRUG-ELUTING STENT: RESULTS FROM REWARDS-EMI (ENDEAVOR FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION REGISTRY)
Authors: Danny Dvir, Israel Barbash, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, Salem Badr, Gabriel Sardi, Ana Laynez Carnicero, Itsik Ben-Dor, Lowell Satler, Augusto Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
European survey on laboratory preparedness, response and diagnostic capacity for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, 2012
Authors: M Fernandez-Garcia, A Negredo, A Papa, O Donoso-Mantke, M Niedrig, H Zeller, A Tenorio, L Franco, S Aberle, M Van Esbroeck, I Christova, A Markotic, I Kurolt, H Zelena, I Golovljova, D Pannetier, R Charrel, J Schmidt-Chanasit, R Wolfel, M Capobianchi, X Jakupi, J Storozenko, A Griskevicius, G Bosevska, C Muscat, M Schutten, Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman, M Alves, C Ceianu, A Platonov, B Bozovic, B Klempa, T Avsic, A Lundkvist, P Cherpillod, G Korukluoglu, D Brown, T Brooks
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an infectious viral disease that has (re-)emerged in the last decade in south-eastern Europe, and there is a risk for further geographical expansion to western Europe. Here we report the results of a survey covering 28 countries, conducted in 2012 among the member laboratories of the European Network for Diagnostics of 'Imported' Viral Diseases (ENIVD) to assess laboratory preparedness and response capacities for CCHF. The answers of 31 laboratories of the European region regarding CCHF case definition, training necessity, biosafety, quality assurance and diagnostic tests are presented. In addition, we identified the lack of a Regional Reference Expert Laboratory in or near endemic areas. Moreover, a comprehensive review of the biosafety level suitable to the reality of endemic areas is needed. These issues are challenges that should be addressed by European public health authorities. However, all respondent laboratories have suitable diagnostic capacities for the current situation.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies indicate a role for CCAAT enhancer binding proteins alpha and epsilon (C/EBPα and C/EBPε) and CDP/cut in myeloid maturation-induced lactoferrin gene expression
Authors: Arati Khanna-Gupta, Theresa Zibello, Hong Sun, Peter Gaines, Nancy Berliner
Journal: Blood (2003)
Quantitative Studies of Elastin in the Optic Nerve Heads of Persons with Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Erica N. Quigley, Harry A. Quigley, Mary E. Pease, Lisa A. Kerrigan
Journal: Ophthalmology (1996)

Purpose: To compare quantitative and qualitative differences in elastin content in the optic nerve heads of glaucomatous and control human eyes. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy and quantitative histomorphometry on ten control and ten glaucomatous eyes. Results: Elastin fiber complexes in the control lamina cribrosa were smaller and more numerous than in the insertion zone of the sclera immediately surrounding the lamina. Although the density of elastin fibers in the normal lamina was twice that of the insertion zone (P = 0.004), the percent area of the connective tissue matrix occupied by elastin was the same for both zones (P > 0.4). There was no difference between control and glaucomatous eyes in the quantified parameters of elastin content or in the ultrastructure of elastin between control and glaucomatous eyes. Conclusions: The authors demonstrated for the first time that elastin in the normal lamina consists of fibers of smaller diameter than in the adjacent sclera, although the total amount of elastin is similar in both locations. This may provide maximum viscoelasticity within the limited connective tissue beam area of the lamina. Despite using a large number of specimens, the authors again found no differences between normal and glaucomatous eyes in the number or ultrastructural appearance of elastin fibers. Purpose: To compare quantitative and qualitative differences in elastin content in the optic nerve heads of glaucomatous and control human eyes. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy and quantitative histomorphometry on ten control and ten glaucomatous eyes. Results: Elastin fiber complexes in the control lamina cribrosa were smaller and more numerous than in the insertion zone of the sclera immediately surrounding the lamina. Although the density of elastin fibers in the normal lamina was twice that of the insertion zone (P = 0.004), the percent area of the connective tissue matrix occupied by elastin was the same for both zones (P > 0.4). There was no difference between control and glaucomatous eyes in the quantified parameters of elastin content or in the ultrastructure of elastin between control and glaucomatous eyes. Conclusions: The authors demonstrated for the first time that elastin in the normal lamina consists of fibers of smaller diameter than in the adjacent sclera, although the total amount of elastin is similar in both locations. This may provide maximum viscoelasticity within the limited connective tissue beam area of the lamina. Despite using a large number of specimens, the authors again found no differences between normal and glaucomatous eyes in the number or ultrastructural appearance of elastin fibers.
An Apical Technic for Catheterization of the Left Side of the Heart Applied to Infants and Children
Authors: Paul R. Lurie, Robert M. Armer, Eugene C. Klatte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

DIRECT hemodynamic study of the left ventricle has been accomplished in recent years by many approaches. In infancy and childhood it is often possible to pass a catheter into this ventricle via the venous route through the foramen ovale and mitral valve. When this is not possible, retrograde aortic catheterization usually permits entry into the left ventricle. In a limited number of situations catheterization of this ventricle or its outflow artery or both is not feasible by these relatively simple methods. To be useful in such situations a method must satisfy certain requirements: it must be applicable on infrequent occasions, . . .
Does dietary health education reach only the privileged? The Stanford Three Community Study.
Authors: S P Fortmann, P T Williams, S B Hulley, N Maccoby, J W Farquhar
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The relationship of selected social factors to diet, weight and plasma cholesterol was studied in one control and two treatment towns before and after a 3-year, bilingual, mass-media health education program. Spanish-speaking persons reported higher dietary cholesterol and saturated fat than English-speaking participants at baseline, and this remained true after adjusting for the confounding influence of socioeconomic status (SES). Obesity was also more prevalent in Spanish-language and low-SES groups, but plasma cholesterol was not related to these sociodemographic factors. Over the 3 years of the education program, all groups reported 20-40% decreases in dietary cholesterol and saturated fat. These decreases were as large in low-SES groups as in high-SES groups; Spanish-speaking participants reported significantly greater decreases in dietary saturated fat (p = 0.02). Weight change was not related to either SES or language group, but change in plasma cholesterol was marginally more favorable in Spanish-speaking subjects (p = 0.06).
P63 A prospective observational trial examining the diagnostic utility of serum and pleural fluid procalcitonin in the initial investigation of unilateral pleural effusions
Authors: C. E. Hooper, A. J. Morley, J. E. Harvey, N. A. Maskell
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Differentiation of pleural infection from other causes of pleural effusion, particularly pleural malignancy can be difficult. Clinical features and readily available tests are non-specific resulting in early over-diagnosis of pleural infection. Procalcitonin (PCT) is produced in response to acute bacterial infection and its measurement in serum has shown promise in directing and shortening antibiotic courses in lower respiratory tract infections. We prospectively examined the diagnostic accuracy of PCT in the investigation of unilateral pleural effusions. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive patients with a unilateral pleural effusion, referred to a UK teaching hospital were included. Baseline serum and pleural fluid PCT was measured by enzyme-linked-fluorescent-assay (Vidas BRAHMS PCT—BioMerieux) and results compared to final diagnosis. Clinical data were collected prospectively and the ultimate diagnosis agreed against established criteria by two respiratory consultants, blind to the PCT result. Patients were followed up to histological or microbiological diagnosis, radiographic resolution or for 12 months. <h3>Results</h3> 145 patients, median age 72 (31–96). 71 inpatients, 75 outpatients. Effusion diagnoses: Complicated parapneumonic (CPE) 26/145, Simple parapneumonic (SPE) 7/145, Malignant 73/145, Idiopathic pleuritis 4/145, TB 1/145, other benign cause 34/145. Four patients with symptomatic non-thoracic bacterial infection and four with frank empyema were excluded from analysis. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for serum PCT distinguishing CPE from non-infective diagnoses gave an AUC of 0.779 (95% CI 0.658 to 0.899) and at an optimum cut-off of 0.09 ng/ml had sensitivity 73%, specificity 81%, PPV 44% and NPV 94%. The ROC curve for pleural PCT gave an AUC of 0.809 (95% CI 0.709 to 0.908) and at an optimum cut-off of 0.1 ng/ml had sensitivity 81%, specificity 78%, PPV 45% and NPV 95%. Sub-group analysis excluding patients with &gt;48 h in patient stay or &gt;48 h antibiotics further improved diagnostic accuracy. In patients with pleural fluid pH ≤7.2 serum PCT distinguished CPE from other effusions with an AUC of 0.808 (0.613–1.000). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Serum and pleural fluid procalcitonin have promising diagnostic characteristics in distinguishing complicated parapneumonic effusions (Abstract P63 Table 1) from unilateral effusions of non-infective origin, having particularly high negative predictive values. Procalcitonin could help the clinician to decide optimal management pathways for individual patients.
Widespread Amyloid Deposition in Transplanted Human Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Gunilla T. Westermark, Per Westermark, Christian Berne, Olle Korsgren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: We report on a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus, diagnosed at 16 years of age, in whom widespread amyloid deposits developed many years later in transplanted human islets.The islets were administered through three intraportal infusions: two infusions were administered 4 months apart when the patient was 50 years of age, and one infusion was administered when he was 54 years of age.Before the first implantation, the treatment of the patient, who had a functioning renal transplant, was switched to the Edmonton immunosuppression protocol (i.e., daclizumab, tacrolimus, and sirolimus).After the second islet transplantation, the patient became insulin-independent.The maximum meal-stimulated plasma C-peptide concentration was 1.33 nmol per liter, and the level of glycated hemoglobin was 7.0%.At the age of 51 years, his meal-stimulated C-peptide concentration was 0.95 nmol per liter, and he required a low dose of insulin.Because of slowly deteriorating islet function, he received a third islet infusion 6 months before his death.He died from a myocardial infarction nearly 5 years after the first islet infusion.One month before he died, his fasting serum C-peptide concentration was 0.34 nmol per liter (reference range, 0.3 to 1.3 nmol per liter), his meal-stimulated serum C-peptide concentration was 0.82 nmol per liter, and his glycated hemoglobin level was 6.7%.A total of 89 islets containing insulin-positive cells as well as abundant glucagon-positive cells were observed in 53 different blocks of liver tissue obtained from the patient.Amyloid deposits were identified in 38 islets (43%) (Fig. 1A and1B).The amount of amyloid varied, but five islets had pronounced amyloid deposits.Most deposits were extracellular (Fig. 1C, 1D, and1E).Immunoelectron microscopy showed bundles of amyloid fibrils that were positive for antibodies against islet amyloid polypeptide, also within beta cells (Fig. 1F).Pancreatic specimens and specimens of isolated islets from all donors were available, and 2 of about 100 islets obtained from one donor
Azithromycin Compared with Amoxicillin in the Treatment of Erythema Migrans: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Benjamin J. Luft
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine whether azithromycin or amoxicillin is more efficacious for the treatment of erythema migrans skin lesions, which are characteristic of Lyme disease. Design: Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter study. Acute manifestations and sequelae were assessed using a standardized format. Baseline clinical characteristics and response were correlated with serologic results. Patients were followed for 180 days. Setting: 12 outpatient centers in eight states. Patients: 246 adult patients with erythema migrans lesions at least 5 cm in diameter were enrolled and were stratified by the presence of flu-like symptoms (such as fever, chills, headache, malaise, fatigue, arthralgias, and myalgias) before randomization. Intervention: Oral treatment with either amoxicillin, 500 mg three times daily for 20 days, or azithromycin, 500 mg once daily for 7 days. Patients who received azithromycin also received a dummy placebo so that the dosing schedules were identical. Results: Of 217 evaluable patients, those treated with amoxicillin were significantly more likely than those treated with azithromycin to achieve complete resolution of disease at day 20, the end of therapy (88% compared with 76%; P = 0.024). More azithromycin recipients (16%) than amoxicillin recipients (4%) had relapse (P = 0.005). A partial response at day 20 was highly predictive of relapse (27% of partial responders had relapse compared with 6% of complete responders; P < 0.001). For patients treated with azithromycin, development of an antibody response increased the possibility of achieving a complete response (81% of seropositive patients achieved a complete response compared with 60% of seronegative patients; P = 0.043). Patients with multiple erythema migrans lesions were more likely than patients with single erythema migrans lesions (P < 0.001) to have a positive antibody titer at baseline (63% compared with 17% for IgM; 39% compared with 16% for IgG). Fifty-seven percent of patients who had relapse were seronegative at the time of relapse. Conclusions: A 20-day course of amoxicillin was found to be an effective therapeutic regimen for erythema migrans. Most patients were seronegative for Borrelia burgdorferi at the time of presentation with erythema migrans (65%) and at the time of relapse (57%).