tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Raising the Passing Grade for Studies of Medical Education
Authors: Stephen J. Lurie
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anxiety, Depression and Anger in Dutch Resistance Veterans from World War II
Authors: Johannes E. Hovens, Wybrand Op den Velde, Paul R.J. Falger, Eric G.W. Schouten, Johannes H.M. De Groen, Hans Van Duijn
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

In this study, 147 Dutch Resistance veterans from WW II are evaluated on psychometric instruments for anxiety, depression and anger. Resistance veterans appeared to be more anxious, depressive and angry on these instruments compared to controls from the validation studies of the respective instruments. Veterans currently suffering from PTSD (56%) were significantly more anxious, depressed, and angry than veterans without PTSD. With respect to staying in Nazi concentration camps, which is an extremely severe stressor, and in which half of the veterans were imprisoned, no difference on the three instruments was found. Anxiety, depression and anger were observed to be highly interrelated in PTSD. The close interrelationship between anxiety and depression, anxiety and danger, and depression and anger mediated by way of anxiety is, however, not unique for traumatized subjects. It is argued that for Resistance veterans only the intrusive reminiscences of the stressful events discriminate this constellation of symptoms from subjects with an anxious-depressive symptomatology.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Asthmatic Subjects Is Mitogenic for Human Airway Smooth Muscle
Authors: EDWARD T. NAURECKAS, I. MAURICE NDUKWU, ANDREW J. HALAYKO, CHRISTOPHER MAXWELL, MARC B. HERSHENSON, JULIAN SOLWAY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Airway smooth muscle proliferation may contribute to the airway wall remodeling seen in asthma. In this study we tested for the presence of airway smooth muscle mitogenic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from 12 atopic asthmatics before and serially after segmental allergen challenge, and from four normal subjects who did not undergo allergen challenge. Mitogenic effect was assessed by coincubating BAL fluid with human airway smooth muscle cells, and measuring its effect on 3[H]thymidine incorporation and cell number. Induction of ERK phosphorylation and cyclin D1 protein abundance were also assessed. Compared with serum-free medium alone, BAL fluid obtained from normal subjects increased thymidine incorporation, cell number, ERK phosphorylation, and cyclin D1 abundance. BAL fluid from asthmatic subjects prior to allergen challenge induced even greater increases in all measures, except for cell number, which was similar to that observed with normal subjects' BAL fluid. Incubation with lavage fluid obtained 48 h after segmental allergen challenge in atopic asthmatics caused yet further increases in thymidine incorporation, cell number, and cyclin D1 protein abundance. Molecular sieving of prechallenge BAL fluid from three asthmatic subjects demonstrated that mitogenic activity was present exclusively in the > 10 kD fraction. These results provide the first direct demonstration that fluid lining the airways of asthmatics contains excess mitogenic activity for human airway smooth muscle, and that this activity increases further after allergen challenge. Naureckas ET, Ndukwu IM, Halayko AJ, Maxwell C, Hershenson MB, Solway J. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatic subjects is mitogenic for human airway smooth muscle.
Abstract 402: The role of IL-6 in communication of pancreatic carcinoma cells with fibroblasts
Authors: Hidenobu Kamohara, Kouichi Kinoshita, Junji Kurashige, Youhei Tanaka, Hideo Baba
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract &amp;lt;INTRODUCTION&amp;gt; Pancreatic cancer shows high mortality rates in gastroenterogical neoplasms, and there are difficulties in early diagnosis and aggressive progression. IL-6 has pleiotropic function and are produced by various immunnocompetent cells, as well as cancer cells. Some studies have been demonstrated IL-6 play an important role in evading host immune surveillance in tumor microenvironment, but interactions of fibroblasts has not been fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal role of fibroblasts in pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Especially, we evaluate induction and biologicial function of IL-6 in pancreatic carcinoma cells after the stimulation with various cytokines and fibroblast associated factors. &amp;lt;METHODS and RESULTS&amp;gt; Firstly, we examined IL-6 and its receptors expression by RT-PCR and Northern blotting. All 7 tested cell lines expressed gp130 and IL-6R alpha mRNA, 2 cell lines (Hs7667 and Capan1) expressed IL-6 mRNA in serum free condition. To clarify the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on IL-6 expression in Hs766T cells, cells were stimulated with or without cytokines. Northern blotting revealed TNFα and IL-1β upregulated IL-6 mRNA, but not IL-6, IL-8 and LIF. IL-6 did not affect cell proliferation by WTS assay in 7 pancreatic carcinoma cells. In contrast, IL-6 promoted cell motility significantly by gold particles phagocytosis assay (P&amp;lt;0.05) and cell invasion significantly by matrigel insert chamber assay (P&amp;lt;0.05). IL-6 induces phosphorylation of STAT3 in Hs-766T cells, but not AKT. To identify IL-6 expression by interaction between pancreatic carcinoma cells and fibroblasts, we used two established fibroblastic cell lines (MRC-9 and WI-38) isolated from human embryonal lung tissues. Serum free conditioned medium (CM) were collected after incubation for indicated periods. Hs766T originated CM (Hs766T-CM) induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA in MRC-9 and WI-38 cells. MRC-9 CM and WI-38-CM did not affect in Hs-766T cells. Co-culture between Hs-766T and MRC-9 cells induced IL-8 mRNA dratically. IL-6 promotes miR-146a and miR155 expression in Hs-766T cells. &amp;lt;CONCLUSIONS&amp;gt; Communication of pancreatic carcinoma cells with fibroblasts affect IL-6 expression and it could contribute to pancreatic cancer progression. Regulation of IL-6 expression in tumor microenvironment would be important for pancreatic cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 402. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-402
The Effect of Automated Alerts on Provider Ordering Behavior in an Outpatient Setting
Authors: Andrew W Steele, Sheri Eisert, Joel Witter, Pat Lyons, Michael A Jones, Patricia Gabow, Eduardo Ortiz
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Computerized order entry systems have the potential to prevent medication errors and decrease adverse drug events with the use of clinical-decision support systems presenting alerts to providers. Despite the large volume of medications prescribed in the outpatient setting, few studies have assessed the impact of automated alerts on medication errors related to drug-laboratory interactions in an outpatient primary-care setting.
By the Numbers: Does Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration Have a Role in Metastatic Breast Cancer?
Authors: Minetta C. Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.56.6851 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2014 PMID: 25245442 By the Numbers: Does Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration Have a Role in Metastatic Breast Cancer? Minetta C. LiuxMinetta C. LiuSearch for articles by this author Show More Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.56.6851 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Fatal Esophagoaortic Fistula after Placement of a Self-Expanding Metal Stent in a Patient with Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Hans-Peter Allgaier, Henning Schwacha, Katja Technau, Hubert E. Blum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Valvular Heart Disease Associated with Fenfluramine-PhentermineTo the Editor: Nineteen of the 24 patients described by Connolly et al. (Aug.28 issue) 1 in the primary report linking fenfluramine and phentermine with cardiac valvular abnormalities were identified in Fargo, North Dakota, a city with only 74,111 residents in 1990. 2 Twelve of the Fargo cases, and perhaps the association itself, were initially identified by an astute echocardiographic sonographer.This relation had not been discovered previously despite the fact that fenfluramine has been approved since 1973 and that 18 million prescriptions for these drugs were filled in 1996 alone. 1 Diagnosis of a cardiac abnormality in 18 of the 24 patients was based on echocardiographic findings of valvular insufficiency and "unusual valvular morphology." 1 The key unanswered question is whether these echocardiographic abnormalities have clinical import for the majority of patients using these drugs or whether they are simply a visual finding.The drugs are so widely used and these reports have prompted such widespread concern that all efforts should be taken to be certain that the association with important heart disease is real.On the other hand, if the incidence rate in Fargo is confirmed and if the echocardiographic abnormalities frequently lead to clinically significant disease, these drugs will be responsible for a major epidemic of valvular heart disease that could have been far worse if not detected by the echocardiographer.
Automatic Quantitation of Regional Myocardial Wall Motion and Thickening From Gated Technetium-99m Sestamibi Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: Guido Germano, Jacob Erel, Howard Lewin, Paul B. Kavanagh, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
High Frequency of Mitral Valve Prolapse and Aortic Regurgitation Among Asymptomatic Adults With Down's Syndrome
Authors: Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Although cardiac anomalies are well documented among children with Down's syndrome, data on the cardiac status of adults with Down's syndrome are sparse. Therefore, we performed cardiac auscultation and Doppler echocardiographic examinations in 35 asymptomatic adults with Down's syndrome. There were 25 men and ten women; their mean age (+/- SD) was 26 +/- 8 years. Only ten subjects (29%) had normal findings on examination. The most frequent abnormal findings were holosystolic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in 20 subjects (57%) and mild aortic regurgitation in four subjects (11%). Of the 20 subjects with MVP, five had associated tricuspid valve prolapse, but none had notable mitral regurgitation. Thus, we found that the majority of asymptomatic adults with Down's syndrome had valvular heart abnormalities. The high frequency of MVP and aortic regurgitation suggests that these lesions may be specifically associated with Down's syndrome in adults.
A book that changed me: The Discovery of Insulin
Authors: R. Matz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Michael Bliss 

University of Chicago Press, £14.50

ISBN 0 226 05898 0

For a diabetes physician, Bliss's classic book is like “The Creation.” The Discovery of Insulin is the true tale of the medical and scientific detective work and intrigue that led to what is arguably one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. But because it was not a cure, it was also one of the century's premier disappointments.

When I first read the book in …
Differentiation of hemodynamic, humoral and metabolic responses to beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic stimulation in man using atenolol and propranolol.
Authors: A A McLeod, J E Brown, C Kuhn, B B Kitchell, F A Sedor, R S Williams, D G Shand
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The respective contributions of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes to the hemodynamic, humoral and metabolic consequences of adrenergic stimulation during graded exercise in man were investigated using nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol and beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol. Doses of these agents that produced comparable suppression of beta 1 response as measured by antagonism of cardioacceleration during exercise were selected. Six healthy, nonsmoking males received these drugs in a placebo-controlled, Latin-square, randomized manner using a double-blind protocol. Both drugs produced comparable reductions of systolic blood pressure and elevation of diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo as exercise load increased. Propranolol produced higher peak epinephrine levels than atenolol or placebo (808 +/- 162, 640 +/- 190 and 584 +/- 153 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0.03), but norepinephrine levels did not show significant differences. Plasma renin activity was similarly suppressed both at rest and during all grades of exercise by both drugs. Lactate levels during moderate exercise were significantly lower after propranolol than after either atenolol or placebo (p = 0.03), but were similar at heavy work loads. Plasma glucose values rose on placebo (from 96.5 +/- 2.1 to 97.7 +/- 2.7 mg/dl) and on atenolol (from 99.7 +/- 2.2 to 102.1 +/- 4.8 mg/dl), but fell on propranolol (from 96.4 +/- 1.9 mg/dl to 87.2 +/- 2.5 mg/dl, p less than 0.01). These results indicate that blockade of vascular smooth muscle beta 2 receptors does not substantially alter hemodynamics during intense short-term exercise. Stimulation of renin release and lipolysis are produced through beta 1-adrenoceptor mechanisms, whereas beta 2 adrenoceptors are important in the provision of carbohydrate as an energy substrate for exercising muscle.
1072. Superactivation of the SRα and CMV Promoters Using Designed Zinc Finger Proteins
Authors: Victor V. Bartsevich, Andreas Reik, Yuanyue Zhou, Michelle Kong, Xiao-Yong Li, Lyndon Warfe, Lei Zhang, Casey C. Case, Trevor Collingwood, Philip D. Gregory, Edward J. Rebar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Does This Woman Have Osteoporosis?
Authors: Amanda D. Green
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Although recent US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines recommend bone densitometry for all women older than 65 years, identifying younger women at increased risk for osteoporosis and women with occult vertebral fractures remains a clinical challenge. We investigated whether physical signs are useful as a screening tool either for early referral to bone densitometry or for occult spinal fractures.To review the accuracy and precision of physical examination findings for the diagnosis of osteopenia, osteoporosis, or spinal fracture.We conducted a MEDLINE search for articles published from 1966 through August 2004, manually reviewed bibliographies, consulted 4 clinical skills textbooks, and contacted experts in the field.Studies were included if they contained adequate original data on the accuracy or precision of physical examination for diagnosing osteopenia, osteoporosis, or spinal fracture. Two authors screened abstracts found by the search. Fourteen of 191 full articles reviewed met inclusion criteria.Two authors independently abstracted data from the included studies. Disagreements were resolved by discussion.No single maneuver is sufficient to rule in or rule out osteoporosis or spinal fracture without further testing. The following yielded the greatest positive likelihood ratios (LR+): weight less than 51 kg, LR+, 7.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-10.8); tooth count less than 20, LR+, 3.4 (95% CI, 1.4-8.0); rib-pelvis distance less than 2 finger breadths, LR+, 3.8 (95% CI, 2.9-5.1); wall-occiput distance greater than 0 cm, LR+, 4.6 (95% CI, 2.9-7.3), and self-reported humped back, LR+, 3.0 (95% CI, 2.2-4.1).In patients who do not meet current bone mineral density screening recommendations, several convenient examination maneuvers, especially low weight, can significantly change the pretest probability of osteoporosis and suggest the need for earlier screening. Wall-occiput distance greater than 0 cm and rib-pelvis distance less than 2 fingerbreadths suggest the presence of occult spinal fracture.
An Unusual Presentation of Chronic Appendicitis
Authors: L. Theilmann, K. Bachmann, P. G. Kühl
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

An 18-year-old woman experienced intermittent uncharacterized abdominal discomfort for over a year. Cystic fibrosis had been diagnosed when she was 4 weeks old. She was maintained on substitution treatment with pancreatic enzymes and on insulin therapy because of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Involvement of the lungs required oxygen at night and systemic antibiotics four times per year because of chronic lung infection with Pseudomonas. Symptomatic cholecystolithiasis had necessitated laparoscopic cholecystectomy 4 years previously.
Hemostatic molecular markers in nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Tsai‐Yun Chen, Chieng‐Chung Huang, Chao‐Jung Tsao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Quantitative changes of hemostatic molecular markers were studied in patients with nephrotic syndrome. The plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), thrombin‐antithrombin III complex (TAT), products of thrombin activation, and fragment F1 + 2 (F1 + 2), a product of prothrombin activation, were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 21 patients with nephrotic syndrome and in 16 normal controls. The mean value of FPA was 17.5 ± 7.5 ng/ml (mean ± SD) in nephrotic patients and 4.5 ± 0.3 ng/ml in normal controls ( P &lt; 0.02); F1 + 2 concentration was 1.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml in nephrotic patients and 0.5 ± 0.1 ng/ml in normal controls ( P &lt; 0.001); TAT level was 1.0 ± 0.3 μg/l in nephrotic patients and 0.2 ± 0.1 μg/l in normal controls ( P &lt; 0.05). These data indicated intravascular hemostasis activation. Based on these results, we propose that low antithrombin III level in nephrotic patients may be due to both urinary loss and intravascular consumption. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usual dietary salt intake and asthma in children: a case-control study.
Authors: K. Demissie, P. Ernst, K. Gray Donald, L. Joseph
Journal: Thorax (1996)

A decline in host resistance due to an alteration in diet--primarily of salt--was recently put forward as a possible explanation for rising rates of asthma.A case-control study was conducted in participants in a prevalence survey which included 187 children with asthma (defined by prior diagnosis and/or a decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of > or = 10% after exercise) and 145 age and sex matched controls. Subjects were selected from 989 children aged 5-13 years attending 18 elementary schools on the island of Montreal. Usual dietary salt intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire administered to the mother, and a salt intake score was used to group the children into quartiles from I (lowest) to IV (highest salt intake). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was assessed by Yan's method. Cases and controls were combined in one group to examine the relationship of salt intake to bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Methacholine responsiveness was expressed as a dose-response slope and ranks of dose-response slopes were used in the analysis.After accounting for important confounding variables, there was no association between asthma and salt intake, while methacholine dose-response slope ranks increased with increasing salt intake and methacholine responsiveness was greater in the highest quartile than in the lowest quartile of salt intake. The median dose-response slopes in % fall in FEV1 per mumol methacholine for quartiles I, II, III, and IV were 5.4, 5.9, 7.7, and 8.7.No association was found between asthma or exercise-induced bronchospasm and dietary salt intake. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine did, however, appear to increase with greater salt intake, but the relevance of this association to asthma is unclear.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy in the chest
Authors: J. Janssen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal, GABOR et al.[1] reported the effects of standard cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) on nocturnal central sleep apnoea (Cheyne-Stokes respiration).CRT was shown to reduce Cheyne-Stokes respiration significantly in six out of 10 patients.The study was performed in Canada between 1999 and 2002, which is the same era as when new generations of betablockers (e.g.metoprolol, carvedilol) were introduced into the market.The authors declare that the medication remained unchanged during the study, but that might be true for substance classes only and not for the type of beta-blocker.Substitution of beta-blockers had been a routine measure at that time in many industrialised countries [2].According to our own data (currently unpublished), there seems to be a statistically significant and clinically relevant effect of high-dose beta-blocker treatment on the prevalence and severity of nocturnal central apnoeas and hypopnoeas.It could be demonstrated in three well-matched cohorts (no betablocker n516; metoprolol n516; carvedilol n513) of chronic heart failure patients (New York Heart Association II and III) that both beta-blockers, i.e. metoprolol and carvedilol, could
Spontaneous abortions in hospital staff engaged in sterilising instruments with chemical agents.
Authors: K Hemminki, P Mutanen, I Saloniemi, M L Niemi, H Vainio
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Spontaneous abortions in hospital sterilising staff were analysed using data from a postal questionnaire and a hospital discharge register. The study included all the sterilising staff employed in Finnish hospitals in 1980; the controls were nursing auxiliaries. Data from the questionnaire showed that the frequency of spontaneous abortions was 11.3% for the sterilising staff and 10.6% for the nursing auxiliaries. When the staff were concerned in sterilising procedures during their pregnancy the frequency was 16.7% compared with 5.6% for the non-exposed pregnancies. Adjustment for age, parity, decade of pregnancy, smoking habits, and intake of coffee and alcohol did not affect the differences. The increased frequency of spontaneous abortion correlated with exposure to ethylene oxide but not with exposure to glutaraldehyde or to formaldehyde. Analysis of spontaneous abortions from the hospital discharge register confirmed the findings. Thus the results from the two independent analyses suggest that exposure to ethylene oxide in hospitals may carry a risk of spontaneous abortion among sterilising staff.