tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE OUTLOOK OF NEPHRITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: H. T. Ashby
Journal: BMJ (1923)

t KZDICAL Jousa_ fear causes loss of voluntary attention to the world around and its diversion to the personality of the individual.The result of tllis is a disorder of the involuntary automatic functions of the body-a disordered coenaesthesia.Such organs as the heart, the lungs, the stomach, and the intestines, which under normal conditions function automatically with phasic or periodic regularity and without the intervention of atten- tion, now, owing to the effects of introspection and contemplative fear, are disordered in function, and consequently obtrude themselves in consciousness.This causes hypochondriasis and various forms of neurosis.A local colour of deranged organs gives rise to various types of neurasthenia, and obsessional psychasthenia with ph6bias.Put besides these bodily disorders of the vital functions con- templative fear and anxiety upset the delicate poise of the internal secretions of the reproductive and endocrine glands, the functions of which we are only vaguely conscious of by the bodily effects produced.An intelligent understanding of the influence of mind on body and body on mind-mental hygiene-and its practical application by the doctor, would avoid recourse of the public to faith healing, Christian Science, the Coule cult, and other forms of treatment by suggestion, which now receive so much popular attention and acclamation.
Breast Cancer: The Art and Science of Early Detection With Mammography: Perception, Interpretation, Histopathologic Correlation
Authors: Rachel F. Brem
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABC of General Surgery in Children: LUMPS AND SWELLINGS OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Authors: M. Davenport
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Lumps arising in the head and neck constitute an important diagnostic i ~AJ ~category in children.As neoplasia is such a rare cause of head and neck swellings in this age group, lumps can be broadly divided into those ~~~~y mhaeitshaving a congenital origin and those due to inflammatory or infective ;.~c auses.Some knowledge of the embryological development of the neck ~~~~.~~~~~is important in understanding how a s'ubstantial proportion of these lumps arise.It becomes even more important if these are to be surgically excised-the usual treatment.Commonest causes of neck lumps in children by age. Branchial cleft apparatus and its derivativesThe branchial arches are well developed ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ridges that are visible in the cervical region of ~~.*~~~~~.~~~~o f gestation.Each consists of a mesodermal ~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~cartilaginous centre, an intervening ectoderrnal cleft, an internal pouch, and a -~~~~~t ~~~~~~~~p arent nerve.They are believed to recapitulate gill-like structures (Greek, branchia-gills).Although comparative anatomists can identify R.-~~.~~six such structures, only the first four are * Acute tenderness * Pain * Swelling * Erythema of overlying skin * If pus is formed it requires surgical drainage Chronic lymphadenitis due to atypical mycobacterial infection.
Foreign bodies in the eye
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE ETIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER.AN ADDENDUM.
Authors: JAMES CARROLL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

In a paper entitled "The Etiology of Yellow Fever, a Supplemental Note,"<sup>1</sup>the Army Yellow Fever Board (which was then composed of the late Major Walter Reed, surgeon, U. S. Army, and the writer) stated that no results worthy of record had been obtained from the examination of infected mosquitoes, either when dissected in the fresh state or when studied in serial sections after being hardened and embedded. They also reported that two out of three non-immunes had been infected with yellow fever by the subcutaneous injection of 1.5 c.c. of blood serum drawn from a yellow fever patient and subsequently passed through a new Berkefeld filter which was afterward found to be impervious to the<i>Micrococcus aureus</i>. In the latter part of July of the present year there appeared from the Government Printing Office the Report<sup>2</sup>of Working Party No. 1 of the Yellow Fever Institute of the U.
Natural family planning. Author's reply.
Authors: R E Ryder
Journal: BMJ (1993)

condoms that are said to have burst were in fact never worn, and after panic headlines in the media packets of contraceptive pills may be impulsively thrown away.I believe that natural methods of family planning should be seen as one of many choices, with accurate teaching available from health professionals working in any family planning clinic or general practice.The sooner that natural methods stop being associated with the teaching of the Catholic church the better.
Long-term survival of dogs after experimental pulmonary reimplantation and staged contralateral pneumonectomy
Authors: P. McN. Hill, K. M. Shaw
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Sixteen dogs which survived left pulmonary reimplantation were subjected to staged contralateral pneumonectomy. Complete excision of the right lung was achieved in nine of these animals. There were three long-term survivors, of which two lived for more than three years on the single reimplanted lung. Stenosis of the pulmonary veins at the level of the atrial anastomosis was the commonest post-mortem finding. In the first week after reimplantation, the ventilation and oxygen uptake of the reimplanted lung invariably fell to low levels. These usually rose slowly but to a variable extent over the next six to eight weeks, after which there was little further improvement while the normal lung remained intact. In all three long-term survivors the ventilation and oxygen uptake of the reimplanted lung were more than doubled after contralateral pneumonectomy; the rise in oxygen uptake was less and occurred later than the rise in ventilation. Pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary oedema did not occur except in association with organic obstruction to the pulmonary venous drainage.
How Well Do Internal Medicine Faculty Members Evaluate the Clinical Skills of Residents?
Authors: Gordon L. Noel, Jerome E. Herbers, Madlen P. Caplow, Glinda S. Cooper, Louis N. Pangaro, Joan Harvey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine the accuracy of faculty evaluations of residents' clinical skills and whether a structured form and instructional videotape improve accuracy. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Twelve university and community teaching hospitals. Participants: A total of 203 faculty internists. Interventions: Participants watched a videotape of one of two residents performing new patient workups. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: They used either an open-ended evaluation form or a structured form that prompted detailed observations; some participants used the structured form after seeing a videotape showing good evaluation techniques. Main Outcome Measures: Faculty observations of strengths and weaknesses in the residents' performance were scored. An accuracy score consisting of clinical skills of critical importance for a competent history and physical examination was calculated for each participant by raters blinded to the participants' hospital, training, subspecialty, and experience as observers. Results: When observations were not prompted, participants recorded only 30% of the residents' strengths and weaknesses; accuracy among participants using structured forms increased to 60% or greater. Faculty in university hospitals were more accurate than those in community hospitals, and general internists were more accurate than subspecialists; the structured form improved performance in all groups. However, participants disagreed markedly about the residents' overall clinical competence: Thirty-one percent assessed one resident's clinical skills as unsatisfactory or marginal, whereas 69% assessed them as satisfactory or superior; 48% assessed the other resident's clinical skills as unsatisfactory or marginal, whereas 52% assessed them as satisfactory or superior. Participants also disagreed about the residents' humanistic qualities. The instructional videotape did not improve accuracy. Conclusions: A structured form improved the accuracy of observations of clinical skills, but faculty still disagreed in their assessments of clinical competence. If program directors are to certify residents' clinical competence, better and more standardized evaluation is needed.
Abstract 4538: A novel assay platform for the detection of kinase-inhibitor binding in intact mammalian cells.
Authors: Abhi Saharia, William Raab, Daniel Bassoni, Jeremy Hunt, Daniel K. Treiber, Tom Wehrmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Kinase binding assays have become an integral part of inhibitor characterization. These tools have been applied in KINOME-wide screening systems as well as the detailed characterization of inhibitor residence time for lead optimization and MOA studies. However in cells, assays are limited to monitoring kinase activity and downstream substrate phosphorylation events. Although these types of cellular assays are critical to move programs forward, their ability to characterize inhibitor function is limited, requires targeted antibody reagents, and knowledge of specific substrates which are often not available. To circumvent these issues and apply the power of binding assays to a cellular format we have devised a method for monitoring compound binding to kinase targets in intact mammalian cells termed InCELL Hunter. The assay is shown to retain the benefits of cellular assays such as assessing compound permeability, toxicity, and target engagement; while exhibiting the generic applicability of a kinase binding assay. The InCELL hunter assay correctly describes type I, type II, and Type III inhibitors with the expected rank order cellular potencies. The assay is activity and substrate independent making it amenable to previously intractable targets and provides novel cellular information that complements both biochemical and existing cellular formats. Citation Format: Abhi Saharia, William Raab, Daniel Bassoni, Jeremy Hunt, Daniel K. Treiber, Tom Wehrmann. A novel assay platform for the detection of kinase-inhibitor binding in intact mammalian cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4538. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4538
Prostaglandins and potassium relaxation in vascular smooth muscle of the rat. The role of Na-K ATPase.
Authors: W E Lockette, R C Webb, D F Bohr
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We explored the hypothesis that postaglandin-induced vasodilation is caused by activation of the electrogenic sodium-potassium pump which results in membrane hyperpolarization and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Helical strips of rat tail artery relax in response to potassium after norepinephrine-induced contractions in physiological salt solution containing a low-potassium concentration. The amplitude of this potassium relaxation is used as an index of sodium-potassium ATPase activity. It was observed that PGA1, PGE2, and PGF2alpha (10(-6) g/ml) significantly enhanced the magnitut. PGE2 caused relaxation of contractions induced by either 25 mM KCl or norepinephrine (10(-9) g/ml), and these relaxations were inhibited by 10(-4) M ouabain. Indomethacin (5.3 x 10(-6) g/ml) and meclofenamate (10(-6) g/ml) reduced the magnitude of potassium-induced relaxation by more than 30% of control. PGF2alpha (10(-5) g/ml) reversed the inhibition of potassium relaxation by meclofenamate. These observations suggest that prostaglandins induce vascular smooth muscle relaxation by stimulation of the sodium pump and that endogenous prostaglandins normally potassium relaxation.
"SO-CALLED FATAL ANAPHYLAXIS IN MAN"
Authors: George L. Waldbott
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —Commenting on Dr. R. W. Lamson's article on So-Called Fatal Anaphylaxis in Man (The Journal, December 7), I believe that one should always look for additional causes besides the injected serum. Dr. Lamson suggests that physical agents such as cold, heat or pressure may be responsible for the fatal results. He did not discuss the possibility that specific irritants usually causing asthma may be among the predisposing factors as well.  One of my hay-fever patients sustained an unusually severe shock following an injection of ragweed. He was sensitive to cantaloupe, shell-fish, watermelon and both ragweeds. This injection was his eleventh and was only half the amount stronger than the last one, which was administered three days previously without ill effect. The patient completely collapsed but rallied after a tourniquet had been applied on the arm (Cooke) and multiple small injections (Duke) of epinephrine, one intracardially, had been
NEPHRORRHAPHY FOR MOVABLE KIDNEY (LEFT).
Authors: E. F. GAVIN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

J. P., 50 years old, sailor by occupation, married. Family history negative. Previous condition of health: He had typhoid fever when 4 or 5 years old. During the late war, while serving in the Navy, he was confined to his bed with rheumatism for nine months and at another time for four months. No history of tuberculosis in the family. He denies any syphilitic taint. He had malaria at about 20 years of age. Condition before operation: His present illness began about five years ago. Since then he has been annoyed by chronic inflammation of the bladder. He found it necessary to void his urine four or five times during the night and the act of micturition was accompanied by sensations of scalding or burning. His bowels have been constipated all the time, and he has slight gastric disturbance. About four years ago, slight spinal curvature began, being principally marked
P235 Dual-bronchodilation with once-daily QVA149 in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD: overview of the IGNITE program: Abstract P235 Table 1.
Authors: D Price, K Mezzi, MJ Fedele, H Chen, D Banerji
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) whose symptoms are insufficiently controlled by monotherapy, current treatment strategies recommend the addition of a second bronchodilator with a different mechanism of action. Once-daily QVA149 is a dual bronchodilator combining the long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonist indacaterol (IND) and long-acting muscarinic antagonist glycopyrronium (GLY). The IGNITE program comprises a series of randomised controlled trials that investigate the efficacy and safety of QVA149 in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> This overview includes data from 4 multicentre, double-bind, randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of QVA149 110/50 μg versus IND 150 μg, GLY 50 μg, tiotropium (TIO) 18 μg (open-label in the SHINE and SPARK studies; blinded in the BLAZE study), salmeterol/fluticasone (SFC) 50/500 μg, and placebo (PBO) in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD. Outcomes reported here are lung function, transitional dyspnoea index (TDI), health status (via the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ]), and exacerbations over 6 weeks (BLAZE), 26 weeks (SHINE, ILLUMINATE), and 64 weeks (SPARK). <h3>Results</h3> Data from 5138 patients were included in this overview. QVA149 provided statistically significant and clinically meaningful bronchodilation (p &lt; 0.001) that was sustained throughout the treatment periods versus all comparators in all studies. QVA149 provided superior benefits versus TIO, SFC, and PBO with respect to TDI score in BLAZE and ILLUMINATE studies. At Week 64, QVA149 significantly improved SGRQ score (p≤0.001) and significantly lowered the rate of all exacerbations compared with GLY and TIO in the SPARK study (Table). In addition, QVA149 reduced the rate of all exacerbations by 31% and significantly delayed the time to first exacerbation versus SFC in the ILLUMINATE trial. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The results from the IGNITE trials demonstrate that superior improvements in lung function with once-daily QVA149 translate into meaningful therapeutic outcomes for patients with COPD as demonstrated by improved lung function, dyspnoea, health status, and reduced exacerbations.
TREATMENT OF PELVIC INFLAMMATIONS BY DIATHERMY
Authors: C. A. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1929)

Abstract
The paper consists of two parts: (1) A brief history of the manner in which the treatment arose and a description of the methods now used. (2) An analysis of the cases treated from 1921 until the present time.

The treatment of pelvic inflammations by heating by the diathermy current arose out of the method of treating gonococcal infections of the cervix and urethra by this current. An essential part of the treatment is in many cases the treatment of the cervical infection.

Diathermy treatment of gonococcal infection was founded upon the fact that the gonococcus is vulnerable to small rises of temperature above the normal. Before the war Dr. E. P. Cumberbatch found that recovery of gonorrhœal arthritis could be procured by heating the affected joints by diathermy. During 1919 the method of heating the cervix and urethra by means of metal electrodes introduced into them to rid them of gonococcus was arrived at.

The maximum temperature to which cervix and urethra are heated is 115° F. The duration of the application is ten minutes and the number of repetitions is generally from three to eight.

It was found that in cases of gonococcal arthritis it was necessary to treat the cervix only, recovery from the arthritis then taking place.

Recovery from arthritis due to infection of the cervix by other organisms than gonococcus, was found to occur and in such cases there was recovery from cervicitis and erosion.

When salpingitis was present in cases of gonococcal and other infections of the cervix, a method of producing a milder and more general heating of the pelvic contents was introduced. This was to some extent founded upon the known effects of heating the infected prostate.

The temperature produced in the neighbourhood of the electrode is 106° F. The applications last twenty minutes.

Tables summarizing the clinical results are attached.
Sensitivity of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation to type of loading intervention in dogs.
Authors: J Baan, E T Van der Velde
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The influence of different types of loading intervention on the resulting end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) of the left ventricle in situ was investigated in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Left ventricular volume was measured by conductance catheter and pressure was measured by tip-micromanometer. Two loading interventions were applied: a pressure intervention (INp) by gradually occluding the descending aorta and a volume intervention (INv) by rapidly infusing 180 ml blood into the vena cava. The pressure-volume loops during an intervention always showed a linear ESPVR, the slope of which, Ees, was calculated. Possible method-related artifacts were assessed and could be excluded. Results from 16 dogs show that Ees(INp) was always larger (1.37 +/- 0.45 kPa/ml) than Ees(INv) (0.73 +/- 0.32 kPa/ml) (p less than 0.001). This difference was enhanced by beta-blockade through metoprolol. The same phenomenon was found for the slope (SdPV) of the relation between dP/dtmax and end-diastolic volume: SdPV(INp) = 45.17 +/- 22.63 kPa/ml/sec and SdPV(INv) = 20.55 +/- 11.13 kPa/ml/sec. In seven dogs, a right heart bypass was performed to study the influence of stroke volume on the ESPVR by applying a pressure intervention under three conditions: with constant end-diastolic volume (decreasing stroke volume), Ees = 2.27 +/- 0.79 kPa/ml; with constant stroke volume, Ees = 1.59 +/- 0.51 kPa/ml; and with increasing stroke volume (and increasing end-diastolic volume), Ees = 1.36 +/- 0.49 kPa/ml. Analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant relation between Ees and stroke volume (p less than 0.01). From the right heart bypass experiments, we conclude that shortening-related deactivation plays a role in the observed behavior of the ESPVR. However, the results from the series with intact circulation indicate that aortic occlusion has an additional effect on the slope of the ESPVR, leading to increased myocardial inotropism, perhaps mediated through a peripheral stimulus in response to decreased perfusion.
Sodium Chloride and Blood Pressure
Authors: Myron H. Weinberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Control of blood pressure is multifactorial, and thus the causes of hypertension are heterogeneous. Many variables have been implicated in the pathogenesis or maintenance of elevated blood pressure in humans, the foremost of which has been increased dietary intake of sodium. A considerable amount of direct and indirect evidence accumulated over the past 50 years has clearly established that excessive intake of sodium can be associated with an increase in blood pressure or a worsening of preexisting hypertension.1 Substantial data have shown that a reduction in dietary sodium intake or a reduction in sodium balance resulting from diuretic therapy can . . .