tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FDG PET/CT in Serous Psammocarcinoma of the Ovary
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Serous psammocarcinoma of the ovary is a rare variant of ovarian serous carcinoma with a favorable prognosis. We present a case of bilateral ovarian serous psammocarcinoma showing extensive calcification in the primary and disseminated lesions with intense FDG uptake on FDG PET/CT. It may be difficult to differentiate the extensively calcified omental and peritoneal metastases from benign calcified lesions on CT images. This case indicates FDG PET/CT may have an advantage over conventional CT in differentiating malignant calcification from benign calcification based on glucose metabolic activity, and may be helpful for diagnosis and staging of this rare ovarian tumor.
Effect of Hypothermia in Irreversible Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: ALLEN H. POSTEL, L. CORSAN REID, J. WILLIAM HINTON
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Irreversible hemorrhagic shock was studied in normothermic dogs and in dogs subjected to hypothermia at three different periods following the onset of the hemorrhage. A significant prolongation of life was observed in the hypothermia dogs, the increase in survival time being greatest in those dogs cooled early in the shock sequence. The temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, rate of uptake of blood from a blood reservoir and autopsy findings in the two groups were noted.
Are you making the most of "Index Medicus"?
Authors: S P Pope
Journal: BMJ (1982)

breech presentation at term.Factors affecting the mode of breech delivery were discussed in a recently published textbook,2 as were also the place for induction of labour and that of external cephalic version.Professor Russell mentions too the important consideration of possible litigation if all does not proceed perfectly.Clinical practices in many disciplines have changed because of the worry of possible litigation, and this, sadly, may not always be to the benefit of the public our profession serves.
Genotoxic effects of 2-acetylaminofluorene on rat and human hepatocytes.
Authors: S C Strom, R L Jirtle, G Michalopoulos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Isolated rat and human hepatocytes in primary culture were shown to metabolize AAF to reactive intermediates which damaged hepatocyte DNA. A significant increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis was detectable by autoradiography in rat and human hepatocytes exposed to concentrations of AAF as low as 1 microM. When rat hepatocytes were plated over confluent monolayers of human fibroblasts and exposed to 3H-AAF, significant binding of AAF to the DNA of the fibroblasts as well as the hepatocytes was measured. In other experiments with hepatocyte-fibroblast cocultures, nonradioactive AAF, at concentrations greater than 40 microM, induced a significant increase in the HPRT- mutation frequency in the human fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that hepatocytes can be used to assess genotoxicity of carcinogenic compounds and are useful for interspecies comparisons in chemical carcinogenesis.
The Prolactinoma Problem
Authors: Seymour Reichlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The secretion of prolactin is tonically inhibited by the hypothalamus, an effect mediated by the release of a prolactin inhibitory factor into the pituitary blood supply.1 Much newly acquired evidence points to dopamine as the principal inhibitory regulator.2 Specific dopamine-containing nerve tracts in the hypothalamus terminate on the blood vessels destined to reach the pituitary, dopamine has been identified in the blood draining the hypothalamus, dopamine receptors have been demonstrated on pituitary cells, and when applied directly to the pituitary, dopamine is highly potent in inhibiting prolactin release. The clinical importance of the dopamine receptor in regulating prolactin secretion is . . .
STUDIES OF THE ETIOLOGY OF THE COMMON COLD
Authors: GERALD S. SHIBLEY
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In recent years widespread recognition has come about of the fact that the common cold is not a simple minor infection of the upper respiratory tract which, because of its mild symptomatology, can be conveniently disregarded. The more thorough study of this disease begins to indicate that perhaps it may be the keystone of that complex structure of ills the etiologic agents of which gain entrance to the body by way of the upper respiratory tract. A complete understanding of the pathogenesis of the common cold would not only be of value in solving the nature of this malady itself but would undoubtedly throw important light on the mechanism of all respiratory infection and even perhaps on certain diseases that are not regarded as clearly respiratory in origin. Information concerning the etiology of the common cold is obviously the sine qua non of the understanding of this infection and of
Association between Vitamin D Levels and Presence, Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Serpil Eroğlu, Elif Sade, Emre Özçalık, Gökhan Özyıldız, Uğur Abbas Bal, Ersin Doğanözü, Haldun Müderrisoğlu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Encephalopathy Following Jejunoileostomy-Reply
Authors: Robert E. Heinig
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The episodes of recurrent metabolic acidosis and ataxia described by Dr Catlin seem similar to the recurrent attacks noted in our case 7 and by Fuller et al<sup>1</sup>in the two patients they described. In addition, we have received information about three other similar cases all occurring one year or more after JIB. Interestingly, two of these three patients' conditions were initially diagnosed as Meniere's disease until it became apparent that a metabolic acidosis was concomitantly present. During the repetitive episodes we observed in our case 7, different modalities of therapy were attempted. It became apparent that these were self-limited attacks. Resolution of the symptoms and amelioration of the metabolic acidosis occurred on one occasion when the patient had drunk only water for the first 12 hours. During other admissions, the syndrome resolved satisfactorily with administration of physiological saline or with 5% dextrose and water without any
Prevalence and Determinants of Valvulopathy in Patients Treated With Dexfenfluramine
Authors: Bruce K. Shively, Carlos A. Roldan, Edward A. Gill, Thomas Najarian, Sonja Barton Loar
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Valve regurgitation has been associated with dexfenfluramine, but its prevalence and severity are uncertain. Additional factors that may contribute to valve regurgitation in patients exposed to this drug are poorly understood. Methods and Results —Echocardiography was performed on subjects recruited from 26 prescribing sites in 15 states. The total sample of 412 subjects included 172 dexfenfluramine patients and 172 unexposed controls matched for age, sex, and body mass index and 68 unmatched subjects meeting the same entry criteria (51 dexfenfluramine patients and 17 controls). Mean treatment duration was 6.9 months; mean interval from treatment discontinuation to echocardiogram was 8.5 months. Each echocardiogram was interpreted independently by 3 echocardiographers. FDA-grade regurgitation (at least mild aortic regurgitation or at least moderate mitral regurgitation) was significantly more frequent in dexfenfluramine patients (7.6% versus 2.1% for controls; P =0.01; odds ratio, 3.82). This difference was primarily due to more frequent mild aortic regurgitation in dexfenfluramine patients (6.3% versus 1.6% in controls; P &lt;0.02; odds ratio, 4.15). No differences were found in sclerosis or mobility for either the aortic or mitral valve. Factors independently related to FDA-grade regurgitation or any grade of aortic regurgitation were older age, higher diastolic blood pressure at the time of echocardiography, and shorter time from drug discontinuation to echocardiogram. Conclusions —Dexfenfluramine use is associated with an increase in the prevalence of abnormal valve regurgitation. Age and blood pressure may also affect the prevalence of regurgitation. Dexfenfluramine-related valve regurgitation may regress after drug discontinuation.
Detoxification of Methadone Patients, and Public Policy
Authors: Vincent P. Dole
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Narcotics addiction, until a few years ago, was not regarded by most physicians as a serious medical problem. Little was said on the subject when most of us were in medical school and in residency training except for warnings that addicts must be watched carefully whenever we might be obliged to treat them for complications. Addiction was seen as a bizarre symptom of mental disease that might be of some interest to psychiatrists, but for the most part best left to prison hospitals and law enforcement agencies. Since the advent of methadone hydrochloride maintenance treatment (and especially with the rapid expansion of programs in the past two years), medical participation has increased substantially. Approximately 73,000 patients, of whom one half are in the area of New York City, are now being maintained with methadone under medical supervision. At the Fifth National Conference on Methadone Treatment, held this past spring in
Deficiency of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Treated Patients with Pancreatic Insufficiency
Authors: SUDHIR K. DUTTA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E, and K) was evaluated in 15 patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency secondary to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Mild to moderate steatorrhea was present in all patients despite oral pancreatic enzyme therapy for 27 ± 4 months (mean ± SE). Deficiency of a single fat-soluble vitamin was seen in six patients and deficiency of two fat-soluble vitamins was seen in two patients. One patient was deficient in three fat-soluble vitamins. Deficiency of vitamins A and E was most frequent. Treatment with specific vitamin supplements resulted in correction of these vitamin deficiencies. These data suggest that deficiency of a single or multiple fat-soluble vitamins is frequent even in treated patients with pancreatic insufficiency.
High normal blood pressure, hypertension, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men. The Osaka Health Survey.
Authors: T Hayashi, K Tsumura, C Suematsu, G Endo, S Fujii, K Okada
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between high normal blood pressure or hypertension and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a large Japanese cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We enrolled 7,594 Japanese men aged 35-60 years who did not have diabetes or impaired fasting glucose at study entry. Type 2 diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level of &amp;gt; or = 126 mg/dl or a 2-h postload plasma glucose level of &amp;gt; or = 200 mg/dl. High normal blood pressure was defined as no history of hypertension and a systolic blood pressure of &amp;gt; or = 130 and &amp;lt; 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure of &amp;gt; or = 85 and &amp;lt; 90 mmHg. Subjects were considered to have hypertension if they had a systolic blood pressure &amp;gt; or = 140 mmHg, if they had a diastolic blood pressure &amp;gt; or = 90 mmHg, or if they were taking anti-hypertensive medications. RESULTS: We confirmed 600 cases of type 2 diabetes during the 72,946 person-years of follow-up. Both high normal blood pressure and hypertension were associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Compared with normotensive men, men with high normal blood pressure had a multiple adjusted relative risk (RR) of 1.39 (95% CI 1.14-1.69), and men with hypertension had a multiple adjusted RR of 1.76 (1.43-2.16). Even among lean men (BMI &amp;lt; 22.7 kg/m2), men with high normal blood pressure had a multiple adjusted RR of 1.71 (1.20-2.42), and men with hypertension had a multiple adjusted RR of 2.02 (1.34-3.05) compared with normotensive men. CONCLUSIONS: High normal blood pressure and hypertension are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Intestinal Protozoa of American Travelers Returning from Europe
Authors: B. H. Kean, Wilson G. Smillie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

EXPERIENCED travelers recall trips abroad that were memorable mainly for bouts of diarrhea. Few who have visited the Continent, Mexico or more distant lands are unacquainted with intestinal disease either from personal experience or from the tales of their companions. After the war, when millions of soldiers who had had diarrhea returned to the United States, there were dire predictions that a major increase in amebiasis and other intestinal infections might affect the civilian population. Sufficient time has elapsed to indicate that no major increase in intestinal infections derived from troops stationed abroad has occurred in this country.1 , 2 An interesting . . .
(23) Cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: G.C. Muston, E. Waddington
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article (23) Cicatricial pemphigoid Get access G.C. Muston, G.C. Muston Depanmeni of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Waddington E. Waddington Depanmeni of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue s9, 1 July 1973, Pages 91–93, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb03456.x Published: 01 July 1973
TCT-618 Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment of Left Main Stenosis in the Presence of Downstream Coronary Stenoses: Validation in Humans
Authors: Andy S. Yong, Gabor Toth, Guy Lenders, Bernard De Bruyne, Catherine Dao, David V. Daniels, Nico Pijls, William F. Fearon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Genomic pneumococcal load and CSF cytokines are not related to outcome in Malawian adults with meningitis
Authors: Emma C. Wall, Jenna F. Gritzfeld, Matthew Scarborough, Katherine M.B. Ajdukiewicz, Mavuto Mukaka, Caroline Corless, David G. Lalloo, Stephen B. Gordon
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)

Bacterial meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa is predominantly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is often associated with HIV co-infection and mortality rates are double those seen in better resourced settings.To investigate the cause of this excessive mortality we quantified the pneumococcal DNA load and six common pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Malawian adults with culture proven pneumococcal meningitis and correlated the results to clinical parameters and outcome. There are currently no published data relating bacterial load to outcome in adults with pneumococcal meningitis.The mean age of patients was 32 years, 82% were HIV infected and 49% had died by day 40. CSF bacterial loads were high (median 6.5 × 10(5) copies/ml CSF) and there was no significant variation in bacterial load between survivors and non-survivors. All pro-inflammatory CSF cytokines were elevated in the CSF, with no clinically important differences between survivors and non-survivors. HIV status did not affect the CSF bacterial load or cytokine response.Mortality from pneumococcal meningitis in adults in sub-Saharan Africa is not related to pneumococcal bacterial load. More research is needed to understand the very high mortality from meningitis in this region.
Prescribing of Tetracycline to Children
Authors: Charles W. Lapp
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While I cannot condone the use of tetracycline for the treatment of common respiratory disease or nonspecific disorders in children, the apparent total condemnation of the drug by Ray, Federspiel, and Schaffner (237:2069, 1977) is a bit strong. Rickettsial disease, for example, represents one important use for tetracyclines in children. In the southeast, where Rocky Mountain spotted fever is prevalent, many pediatricians might prefer to treat the disease with tetracycline rather than risk the bone marrow depression and aplastic anemia associated with chloramphenicol therapy. Tetracycline is also the drug of choice in infections caused by chlamydia and the more exotic organisms<i>Brucella, Borrelia</i>, and<i>Vibrio</i>. Finally, Ray and associates have overemphasized the risk of prescribing limited amounts of tetracycline to adolescents. Careful studies have shown that the amount of dental staining caused by tetracycline is related to the total administered dose, the number of courses given, and
Protecting the Children of Haiti
Authors: Satchit Balsari, Jay Lemery, Timothy P. Williams, Brett D. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Haiti has long had difficulty in protecting its children from harm. The earthquake that struck the country on January 12 destroyed much of the capital, Port-au-Prince, as it killed many government officials and United Nations (UN) workers and left as many as 230,000 people dead and many thousands injured. In the wake of this sweeping disaster, the plight of Haiti's children has acquired new and terrible dimensions. On January 24, we went to Haiti as members of a team sent by the Francois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University to conduct a multisite rapid assessment of . . .
Expanding the genetic editing tool kit: ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Rajat M. Gupta, Kiran Musunuru
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The past decade has been one of rapid innovation in genome-editing technology. The opportunity now exists for investigators to manipulate virtually any gene in a diverse range of cell types and organisms with targeted nucleases designed with sequence-specific DNA-binding domains. The rapid development of the field has allowed for highly efficient, precise, and now cost-effective means by which to generate human and animal models of disease using these technologies. This review will outline the recent development of genome-editing technology, culminating with the use of CRISPR-Cas9 to generate novel mammalian models of disease. While the road to using this same technology for treatment of human disease is long, the pace of innovation over the past five years and early successes in model systems build anticipation for this prospect.
Endoscopic Needle Aspiration of a Gastric Duplication Cyst
Authors: A. P. Ferrari, Jr., J. Van Dam, D. L. Carr-Locke
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Gastric duplication cysts are rare and generally asymptomatic in adults. They are usually discovered incidentally at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or barium contrast radiography. We report here the case of a 41-year-old woman with a gastric submucosal mass, initially diagnosed as a leiomyoma that proved to be a gastric cyst. The cyst was aspirated under direct endoscopic vision using a standard sclerotherapy needle. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such a procedure.
Cloning and expression of mutations demonstrating intragenic complementation in mut0 methylmalonic aciduria.
Authors: A A Qureshi, A M Crane, N V Matiaszuk, I Rezvani, F D Ledley, D S Rosenblatt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The mut0 mutation resulting in methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MCM) apoenzyme deficiency and methylmalonic aciduria is characterized by undetectable enzyme activity in cell extracts and low incorporation of propionate into cultured cells which is not stimulated by hydroxycobalamin. A mut0 fibroblast cell line (WG1681) from an African-American male infant complemented another mut0 cell line (WG 1130). Cloning and sequencing of cDNA from WG 1681 demonstrated compound heterozygosity for two novel changes at highly conserved sites: G623R and G703R. In addition, two previously described homozygous polymorphisms, H532R and V671I, were found. Hybridization of allele-specific oligonucleotides to PCR amplified MCM exons from the proband and family members identified a clinically normal mother, half-sister, and half-brother as carriers of the G703R change in cis with both polymorphisms. Transfection of each change into a mut0 cell line with very low MCM mRNA (GM1673) demonstrated a lack of stimulation of propionate uptake in the absence and presence of hydroxycobalamin. Cotransfection of each mutation with the previously identified R93H mutation of WG 1130 stimulated propionate uptake, indicating that G623R and G703R are independently capable of complementing the R93H mutation.
Insulin receptor substrate signaling suppresses neonatal autophagy in the heart
Authors: Christian Riehle, Adam R. Wende, Sandra Sena, Karla Maria Pires, Renata Oliveira Pereira, Yi Zhu, Heiko Bugger, Deborah Frank, Jack Bevins, Dong Chen, Cynthia N. Perry, Xiaocheng C. Dong, Steven Valdez, Monika Rech, Xiaoming Sheng, Bart C. Weimer, Roberta A. Gottlieb, Morris F. White, E. Dale Abel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The induction of autophagy in the mammalian heart during the perinatal period is an essential adaptation required to survive early neonatal starvation; however, the mechanisms that mediate autophagy suppression once feeding is established are not known. Insulin signaling in the heart is transduced via insulin and IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1Rs). We disrupted insulin and IGF-1R signaling by generating mice with combined cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Irs1 and Irs2. Here we show that loss of IRS signaling prevented the physiological suppression of autophagy that normally parallels the postnatal increase in circulating insulin. This resulted in unrestrained autophagy in cardiomyocytes, which contributed to myocyte loss, heart failure, and premature death. This process was ameliorated either by activation of mTOR with aa supplementation or by genetic suppression of autophagic activation. Loss of IRS1 and IRS2 signaling also increased apoptosis and precipitated mitochondrial dysfunction, which were not reduced when autophagic flux was normalized. Together, these data indicate that in addition to prosurvival signaling, insulin action in early life mediates the physiological postnatal suppression of autophagy, thereby linking nutrient sensing to postnatal cardiac development.
P438Does the remote ischemic preconditioning have an impact on ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated diabetic rat heart?
Authors: M Murarikova, S Carnicka, D Pancza, I Gablovsky, M Jasova, I Kancirova, M Ferko, A Ziegelhoffer, T Ravingerova
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Introduction: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) is a form of endogenous adaptive response that may be induced by periodic alternating of short cycles of ischemia and reperfusion in organs distant from the heart, thereby inducing effective cardioprotection against ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury. It is known from experimental studies that hearts with acute STZ-induced diabetes, except harmful effects, also exhibit partial adaptation to calcium overload, hypoxia and ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the link between diabetes mellitus and remote preconditioning is not fully understood.
COMPARISON OF FIVE–YEAR OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AFTER THE TREATMENT WITH SIROLIMUS–ELUTING STENT
Authors: Mamoru Toyofuku, Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Yasuhiko Hayashi, Nobuo Shiode, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)