tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Activity Promotes Interleukin-23-Driven Chronic Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Thibault Griseri, Brent S. McKenzie, Chris Schiering, Fiona Powrie
Journal: Immunity (2012)

SummaryIn interleukin-23 (IL-23)-dependent colitis, there is excessive accumulation of short-lived neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes in the intestine. It is unknown whether this reflects changes in mature cell populations or whether the IL-23-driven colitogenic T cell program regulates upstream hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Here we have shown dysregulation of hematopoiesis in colitis mediated by inflammatory cytokines. First, there was an interferon-gamma-dependent accumulation of proliferating hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and spleen. Second, there was a strong skew toward granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) production at the expense of erythroid and lymphoid progenitors. Extramedullary hematopoiesis was also evident, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) blockade reduced the accumulation of splenic and colonic GMPs, resulting in amelioration of colitis. Importantly, transfer of GMPs exacerbated colitis. These data identify HSPCs as a major target of the IL-23-driven inflammatory axis suggesting therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Graphical abstractGraphical AbstractHighlights► Hematopoiesis is skewed toward the granulocyte/monocyte lineage during colitis ► Highly proliferative myeloid progenitors accumulate in the spleen and inflamed colon ► GM-CSF controls extramedullary hematopoiesis and promotes colitis ► Peripheral granulocyte/monocyte progenitors contribute to the pathogenesis of colitis
Stopping treatment in patients with hypertension.
Authors: R Lim
Journal: BMJ (1991)

prospective or retrospectivc -representative of the majority of' births is clearly difficult.Because of the large numb11hcr of births in lower age groups and the tiny proportion of these which wvill be affected by Down's svndrome, only a very large study could pn)vide sufficient cases for evalluation (although cost could presumably be redLuced by conducting this study in one of the regions alreadv providing the triple test on the NHS) In commenting on Cuckle et al's article I did not intend to suggest that netitrophil alkaline phosphatase activity will not prove to be a highly valuable additional marker- only that it may have been premature in a leaflet sent directly to pregnant women to contrast the efficiencv of the triple and triple plus tests before all of the necessary evidence is in.
Benign Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Joseph C. Maroon, John Mealy
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Benign intracranial hypertension developed in a 7-year-old boy following tetracycline administration and subsided after discontinuing therapy with the drug. Although this complication is well recognized in infants with open fontanelles, to our knowledge this is the first case reported in a child after cranial suture closure.
Mutations in NMNAT1 cause Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset severe macular and optic atrophy
Authors: Isabelle Perrault, Sylvain Hanein, Xavier Zanlonghi, Valérie Serre, Michael Nicouleau, Sabine Defoort-Delhemmes, Nathalie Delphin, Lucas Fares-Taie, Sylvie Gerber, Olivia Xerri, Catherine Edelson, Alice Goldenberg, Alice Duncombe, Gylène Le Meur, Christian Hamel, Eduardo Silva, Patrick Nitschke, Patrick Calvas, Arnold Munnich, Olivier Roche, Hélène Dollfus, Josseline Kaplan, Jean-Michel Rozet
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Late Parasitemia in Asymptomatic Acquired Toxoplasmosis
Authors: MICHAEL J. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Late parasitemia occurred in two patients with asymptomatic acquired toxoplasmosis. In one patient parasitemia persisted, and toxoplasma was isolated from blood as late as 14 months after the delivery of her congenitally-infected infant, who died during delivery. Both patients had high titers of neutralizing antibody and normal levels of accessory factors (that is, complement, and so forth) necessary for killing toxoplasma. The possible significance of this late parasitemia is discussed in relation to congenital transmission and transmission by blood donors.
330 ACOUSTIC RADIATION FORCE IMPULSE-IMAGING FOR NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS: A POOLED META-ANALYSIS
Authors: M. Friedrich-Rust, J. Nierhoff, M. Lupsor, I. Sporea, C. Fierbinteanu-Braticevici, D. Strobel, H. Takahashi, M. Yoneda, T. Suda, S. Zeuzem, E. Herrmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
ABC of arterial and venous disease: Ulcerated lower limb
Authors: N. J M London
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Background</h3> The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been shown to vary with geographical location and to change with time. RA epidemiology has been widely studied in Western populations. Longitudinal trends in RA incidence and prevalence in Russian population remain largely unexplored. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study the trends in incidence and prevalence of RA in a population of Russia during the 1994–2010 period. <h3>Methods</h3> The data on incident cases of RA in the population of Ivanovo Region (Central Federal District of Russia) during 1994–2010 period were abstracted from the database of Medical Analytical Center of the Department of Healthcare of Ivanovo Region. This comprehensive database includes information on disease occurrence based on annual report of all practicing physicians of Ivanovo region. The diagnosis of RA was based on the fulfillment of the 1987 ACR criteria for RA. Regression models were used to analyze trends in RA incidence in the study population. <h3>Results</h3> During the period from 1/1/1994 to 31/12/2010 a total of 3,283 incident RA cases were registered in the database. Figure shows trends in incidence of RA during the study period. In 1994 the incidence rate was 16.7 (95%CI 16.5–16.9) per 100,000 population. There was a significant increase in RA incidence from 1994 to 2010 with RA incidence rate of 22.6 (95%CI 22.3–22.9) per 100,000 population in 2010 (p-value for trend 0.005). There were no statistically significant changes in RA prevalence (0.50%; 95%0.30–0.57 and 0.55%; 95%CI 0.47–0.62, respectively; p=0.30). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study shows an increase in incidence of RA during the 1994–2010 time period in a Russian population, but no apparent change in RA prevalence during this time. More studies are needed to explore the nature of these trends. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
ABO Blood Groups of Siblings of Gastric Ulcer and Gastric Carcinoma Patients
Authors: J. A. Buckwalter, R. E. Van Scoy
Journal: BMJ (1961)

MEDIrCAL JOUTRNAI a2G with the normal 82 of Hb A<.The abnormal minor component in our propositus (Q2) could be explained along the same lines as a combination of a2Q and 82 that is a 2Q82.Further support for this hypothesis is obtained from the observation that the father's haemo- globin contains both A2 and another minor fraction corresponding to the child's Hb Q2 (Fig. 6).Summary and Conclusions Hb Q-a-thalassaemia was found in a Thai infant.The father is an Hb-Q-trait carrier, and the mother has a-thalassaemia.An interesting feature in the child is the absence of Hb A2 which is replaced by " Q2"; in the father A2 and Q2 are present together.Taken together with a previously described case of " Hb Q-H disease" the present study establishes a new concept- Hb Q-a-thalassaemia.We thank Sir Wilfred Sheldon, K.C.V.
FRACTURES OF THE FOREARM IN CHILDREN
Authors: WALTER P. BLOUNT
Journal: JAMA (1942)

"Fractures in children are different," and forearm fractures offer many examples in proof of this theme. They must not be considered along with fractures of adults under anatomic classifications which take no account of the growth factor. They are different as to pathologic conditions, treatment and prognosis. Intelligent management must recognize this fact. The common forearm fracture in the adult is that described by Colles<sup>1</sup>with impaction of the lower end of the radius and with a fracture of the tip only of the ulnar styloid. In children, on the other hand, the commonest fracture is one of both bones at a higher level, 1 or 2 inches above the wrist joint. Greenstick fractures are common in children and rarely occur in adults. Perhaps the best example of the differences in the pathologic condition and in the prognosis with diametrically opposed principles of treatment is at the proximal end
Hiatal Hernia on Whole-Body Radioiodine Survey Mimicking Metastatic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: J A SCHNEIDER, C R DIVGI, A M SCOTT, H A MACAPINLAC, M SONENBERG, S J GOLDSMITH, S M LARSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Total body 1-131 scanning done on a 67-year-old woman with thyroid cancer revealed abnormal tracer uptake within the mid-thorax, thought to represent metastasis in the mediastinum or thoracic spine. Single-photon emission computed tomography images of the thorax showed contiguity between the thoracic uptake and the normal, physiologic uptake of radioiodine in the stomach, suggesting physiologic accumulation within a hiatal hernia. To confirm the alimentary tract location of the radioiodine, a study using orally administered Tc-99m SC in water was performed. The images were similar to the iodine images and revealed a pattern consistent with hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia was also observed as an incidental finding on chest radiographs and an MRI. This case illustrates the potential for an abnormal anatomic configuration to mimic metastatic thyroid cancer and shows how SPECT and oral Tc-99m SC images may be useful in making this distinction.
Hypertriglyceridemia in Different Degrees of Glucose Intolerance in a Finnish Population-Based Study
Authors: Veikko V Salomaa, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Matti Jauhiainen, Heikki J Korhonen, Jari Stengård, Matti Uusitupa, Matti Pitkanen, Ilkka Penttila
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To determine the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and the mean serum triglyceride concentrations in different degrees of glucose tolerance—non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In addition, we analyzed the correlates of serum triglyceride concentration to explain why it is more prevalent in diabetic subjects. Resarch Design and Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey of 4000 people aged 45-64 yr randomly drawn from the population register of the Finnish population of the provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland and Turku/Loimaa area in southwestern Finland and stratified by four 10-yr age- and sex groups. The final material comprised 96 subjects with NIDDM, 102 subjects with IGT, and 323 subjects with normal glucose tolerance classified on the basis of two 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia by the glucose tolerance status and the variation in serum triglycerides associated with selected life-style and biochemical factors were executed as the main outcome measures. Results The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 2.3 mM) was 47.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.5–62.7%) in NIDDM men, 21.9% (95% CI 7.6–36.2%) in IGT men, and 15.4% (95% CI 9.3–21.5%) in NGT. In women, hypertriglyceridemia was found in 51.9% (95% CI 38.6–65.2%) among those with NIDDM, 25.7% (95% CI 15.5–35.9%) among those with IGT, and 10.7% (95% CI 6.3–15.1%) in women with NGT. After adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and age, the difference in the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia between the glucose tolerance groups remained significant in both men (P = 0.008) and women (P = 0.0001). High serum total cholesterol, high BMI, high waist-hip ratio, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were significantly associated with high serum triglycerides in all glucose tolerance groups. No synergistic effect between these parameters and glucose tolerance status was found. In multiple linear regression analyses, fasting plasma insulin, diabetes status, and serum uric acid were significant predictors of serum triglyceride concentration after taking into account age, BMI, and HDL and total cholesterol. The association between BMI and serum triglycerides in the regression analysis was significant only when plasma insulin was not included in the model. Conclsions Hypertriglyceridemia is common in subjects with NIDDM and IGT and is often associated with low HDL cholesterol, high total cholesterol, hyperinsulinemia, and elevated serum uric acid concentration.
Controlling the Dynamics of Cell Transition in Heterogeneous Cultures using Surface Chemistry
Authors: Graham J. Hickman, Robert C. Rees, David J. Boocock, A. Graham Pockley, Carole C. Perry
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Developing materials that can preferentially select defined cancer cell populations for biological characterization will greatly enhance our understanding of cancer cell growth, differentiation, and invasion. The transitional events between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes are particularly crucial, as primary tumors and secondary metastasis are generally epithelial in nature, whereas circulating mesenchymal cells derived from primary epithelial cells appear to facilitate the spread of disease and its resistance to therapy. This study describes an amino‐functionalized material, which promotes the enrichment of an epithelial phenotype from a single cell line containing both epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations of cancer cells. The isolation and transitional control of such subpopulations using functional materials will advance understanding of the disease process, have a significant impact on the downstream development of new targeted cancer therapeutics, and also be applicable to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Medical Research Council attacked by MPs
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An expert panel of MPs has accused the United Kingdom's leading research funding body, the Medical Research Council, of poor practice in its appointments process and has questioned the tenure of its chairman.

The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee said in a report published earlier this week that the MRC had appointed its current chairman without adhering to the principles of transparency and accountability necessary for posts funded by public money.

Sir John Chisholm, who took up his position as chairman in December 2006, told the panel that …
Performance of chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration creatinine-cystatin C equation for estimating kidney function in cirrhosis
Authors: Ayse L. Mindikoglu, Thomas C. Dowling, Matthew R. Weir, Stephen L. Seliger, Robert H. Christenson, Laurence S. Magder
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Conventional creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations are insufficiently accurate for estimating GFR in cirrhosis. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) recently proposed an equation to estimate GFR in subjects without cirrhosis using both serum creatinine and cystatin C levels. Performance of the new CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation (2012) was superior to previous creatinine- or cystatin C-based GFR equations. To evaluate the performance of the CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation in subjects with cirrhosis, we compared it to GFR measured by nonradiolabeled iothalamate plasma clearance (mGFR) in 72 subjects with cirrhosis. We compared the “bias,” “precision,” and “accuracy” of the new CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation to that of 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance (CrCl), Cockcroft-Gault (CG), and previously reported creatinine- and/or cystatin C-based GFR-estimating equations. Accuracy of CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation as quantified by root mean squared error of difference scores (differences between mGFR and estimated GFR [eGFR] or between mGFR and CrCl, or between mGFR and CG equation for each subject) (RMSE = 23.56) was significantly better than that of CrCl (37.69, P = 0.001), CG (RMSE = 36.12, P = 0.002), and GFR-estimating equations based on cystatin C only. Its accuracy as quantified by percentage of eGFRs that differed by greater than 30% with respect to mGFR was significantly better compared to CrCl ( P = 0.024), CG ( P = 0.0001), 4-variable MDRD ( P = 0.027), and CKD-EPI creatinine 2009 ( P = 0.012) equations. However, for 23.61% of the subjects, GFR estimated by CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation differed from the mGFR by more than 30%. Conclusion : The diagnostic performance of CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation (2012) in patients with cirrhosis was superior to conventional equations in clinical practice for estimating GFR. However, its diagnostic performance was substantially worse than reported in subjects without cirrhosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:1532-1542)
Argon plasma coagulation before mechanical fragmentation of a large gastric persimmon bezoar: the woodworm technique
Authors: G. Curcio, A. Granata, N. Azzopardi, L. Barresi, I. Tarantino, M. Traina
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

In February 2013, a 74-year-old man with a history of postprandial epigastric pain and nausea underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at our institute. The patient was a farmer with a longstanding history of persimmon consumption. EGD showed the presence of an ovoid, tough mass with a smooth surface of dark green color in the stomach lumen, with a maximum diameter of about 8 cm, suggestive of a persimmon bezoar ([Fig. 1 a]).
Modulation of the cyclic AMP content of rat renal inner medulla by oxygen: possible role of local prostaglandins.
Authors: F R DeRubertis, T V Zenser, P A Craven, B B Davis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The lower O2 tension and more active anerobic metabolism that pertain in the inner medulla (IM) of kidney relative to cortex (C) are well recognized, but there is no evidence that O2 availability constitutes a limiting or regulatory factor in IM metabolism or function. In the present in vitro study, we examined the effects of O2 on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) metabolism in slices of rat renal C and IM. After a 20-min incubation of slices in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer with 95% O2 + 5% CO2 serving as the gas phase, the cAMP content of IM was 6-10 fold higher than that of C in either the presence or absence of 2 mM 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine in the incubation media. In slices of IM incubated for 20 min with 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, cAMP was 22.5+/-SE 2.48 pmol/mg wet weight at 95% O2 and 4.37 without O2. Oxygenation of O2-deprived IM increased cAMP twofold in 2 min, an effect fully expressed in 5 min (fivefold increase). Further, cAMP of IM rose progressively and significantly over a range of atmospheric O2 content from 0 to 50% conditions which should reproduce and encompass O2 tensions that pertain in tissues in vivo. By contrast, basal cAMP content of C varied less than twofold in the presence of 95% versus no O2, implying that O2 modulation of cAMP was specific for IM. Indomethacin and meclofenamate, structurally distinct inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, both significantly decreased basal cAMP accumulation in oxygenated slices of IM but not of C. Meclofenamate also reduced basal adenylate cyclase activity determined in homogenates prepared from slices of IM which had been incubated at 95% O2. In slices of IM previously exposed to indomethacin or meclofenamate at 95% O2, a maximally effective concentration of exogenous prostaglandin E1 restored cAMP and adenylate cyclase activity to levels which approximated those observed at 95% O2 in the absence of an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. These results suggest that O2 enhancement of cAMP content in IM may be mediated at least in part by local prostaglandins.
THE ANTISEPTIC TREATMENT AND THE LIMITATION OF CLIMATIC TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

<h3>Gentlemen of the American Climatological Association:</h3> —In assuming the duties of your presiding officer, I again thank you for the high honor which you have conferred upon me and wish to congratulate you upon the status of this Association. From the origin of this Association to the present time it has steadily increased in numbers and grown in influence until at present its members are scattered throughout the length and breadth of this land and exert an untold influence for the advancement of science, the alleviation of suffering and the prolongation of human life. In 1884 this Association numbered forty-two members. Since that time we have had enrolled, all told, 191 names. Of these, ten have been dropped, thirty-five have resigned and thirty-two have finished their work. During the year just passed we have been called upon to mourn the loss of one of our fellows, Dr. Jacob Reed, of
IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Housedust mite), Aspergillus fumigatus, and beta-lactoglobulin in sudden infant death syndrome.
Authors: K J Turner, B A Baldo, J M Hilton
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The prevalence of serum IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (house-dust mite), Aspergillus fumigatus, and bovine beta-lactoglobulin was significantly greater in cases of sudden infancy death (S.I.D.) than in a control group of infants of the same age range. This difference was most pronounced with D. pteronyssinus antibodies, which suggests that hypersensitivity to house-dust mite may be a factor in the aetiology of S.I.D. in Western Australia. Both the S.I.D. and control infants had similar serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M, and E but IgA levels were significantly higher in the control group.
Combined Effects of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Radiation
Authors: Laura A. Drubach, Steven Dubois, Lindsay Frazier, Leonard P. Connolly
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Therapy for malignancies may alter the distribution of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG). A case in which effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) and radiation were jointly shown is presented. High marrow uptake resulting from GCSF and regionally low uptake within a radiation port were evident in a 7-year-old girl being treated for rhabdomyosarcoma. The case illustrates the importance of recognizing changes that can result from therapy.