tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allelic loss of chromosome 1p36 in neuroblastoma is of preferential maternal origin and correlates with N–myc amplification
Authors: Huib Caron, Peter van Sluis, Melanie van Hoeve, Jan de Kraker, Johannes Bras, Rosalyn Slater, Marcel Mannens, P.A. Voûte, Andries Westerveld, Rogier Versteeg
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Detection of an increased incidence of early gastric cancer in patients with intestinal metaplasia type III who are closely followed up.
Authors: T Rokkas, M I Filipe, G E Sladen
Journal: Gut (1991)

Because early gastric cancer is associated with a much better prognosis than advanced disease, its diagnosis is important. Over a 12 year period (1976-87), a progressive increase in the incidence of early gastric cancer was observed. Twenty four of the 718 (3.3%) consecutive gastric resections for gastric cancer in this period were in patients with early gastric cancer. Six of the 24 were diagnosed in the first six year period (1976-81) and 18 in the second six year period (1982-87) (p less than 0.01). This increase was observed during the prospective phase of the study, when all patients diagnosed on initial biopsy specimen as showing type III intestinal metaplasia underwent follow up endoscopy and biopsy at six to 12 month intervals. Eleven of the 18 with early gastric cancer detected in this period were diagnosed as a direct result of this follow up. We conclude that early gastric cancer can be diagnosed with increasing frequency if patients with type III intestinal metaplasia are closely followed endoscopically.
Molecular chaperones and photoreceptor function
Authors: Maria Kosmaoglou, Nele Schwarz, John S. Bett, Michael E. Cheetham
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2008)

Molecular chaperones facilitate and regulate protein conformational change within cells. This encompasses many fundamental cellular processes: including the correct folding of nascent chains; protein transport and translocation; signal transduction and protein quality control. Chaperones are, therefore, important in several forms of human disease, including neurodegeneration. Within the retina, the highly specialized photoreceptor cell presents a fascinating paradigm to investigate the specialization of molecular chaperone function and reveals unique chaperone requirements essential to photoreceptor function. Mutations in several photoreceptor proteins lead to protein misfolding mediated neurodegeneration. The best characterized of these are mutations in the molecular light sensor, rhodopsin, which cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Rhodopsin biogenesis is likely to require chaperones, while rhodopsin misfolding involves molecular chaperones in quality control and the cellular response to protein aggregation. Furthermore, the specialization of components of the chaperone machinery to photoreceptor specific roles has been revealed by the identification of mutations in molecular chaperones that cause inherited retinal dysfunction and degeneration. These chaperones are involved in several important cellular pathways and further illuminate the essential and diverse roles of molecular chaperones.
Effect of Pregnancy On Renal Function in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Diabetic Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Lisa P Purdy, Christina E Hantsch, Mark E Molitch, Boyd E Metzger, Richard L Phelps, Sharon L Dooley, Susan H Hou
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE Previous studies of patients with diabetic nephropathy and mild renal impairment have suggested no determination in renal function as a result of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine whether pregnancy may permanently worsen renal function in women with diabetic nephropathy and moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven patients were identified with diabetic nephropathy and moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction (creatinine [Cr] ≥ 124 μmol/l [1.4 mg/dl]) at pregnancy onset by retrospective chart review. Alterations in glomerular filtration rate were estimated by using linear regression of the reciprocal of Cr over time. An equal number of nonpregnant premenopausal type 1 diabetic women with similar degrees of renal dysfunction served as a comparison group for nonpregnant rate of decline of renal function and potential contributing factors. RESULTS Mean serum Cr rose from 159 μmol/l (1.8 mg/dl) prepregnancy to 221 μmol/l (2.5 mg/dl) in the third trimester. Renal function was stable in 27%, showed transient worsening in pregnancy in 27%, and demonstrated a permanent decline in 45%. Proteinuria increased in pregnancy in 79%. Exacerbation of hypertension or preeclampsia occurred in 73%. Seven patients progressed to dialysis 6–57 months postpartum, with 71% (five of seven) of these cases attributed to acceleration of disease during the pregnancy. Student's t tests and repeated-measures analysis of variance support a pregnancy-induced acceleration in the rate of decline of renal function. CONCLUSIONS In this series, patients with diabetic nephropathy and moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency were found to have a &amp;gt; 40% chance of accelerated progression of their disease as a result of pregnancy.
Validation of British Thoracic Society guidelines for the diagnosis of the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome: can polysomnography be avoided?
Authors: P J Ryan, M F Hilton, D A Boldy, A Evans, S Bradbury, S Sapiano, K Prowse, R M Cayton
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--The British Thoracic Society report on the diagnosis and treatment of the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) suggests that, if the pulse oximetry baseline oxygen saturation is above 90%, then 15 4% oxygen desaturation/hour in bed will diagnose SAHS requiring treatment. The diagnostic outcome of applying these guidelines has been studied. METHODS--One hundred patients referred to a district general hospital sleep clinic were recruited. After initial clinical assessment, overnight pulse oximetry measurements were performed, followed by full polysomnography at the regional laboratory. RESULTS--Sixty nine patients underwent both pulse oximetry and polysomnography. All 10 patients with more than 15 4% desaturations/hour on pulse oximetry had SAHS confirmed on polysomnography (specificity = 100%). Twenty two patients with SAHS were misdiagnosed using pulse oximetry alone (sensitivity = 31%). These patients had low apnoea scores but high hypopnoea scores. CONCLUSIONS--The BTS pulse oximetry criteria are highly specific when positive (specificity = 100%), but may miss patients with the SAHS who have hypopnoeic episodes which cause arousal but not significant oxygen desaturation (sensitivity = 31%). It should be emphasised that pulse oximetry alone does not always give sufficient information to discriminate between those patients with or without SAHS. Patients with "negative" pulse oximetry and symptoms of SAHS should undergo polysomnography or multi-channel recording.
Ethics and the structures of health care in the European countries in transition: hospital ethics committees in Croatia
Authors: Ana Borovečki, Stjepan Orešković, Henk ten Have
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<i>Hospital ethics committees are a recent phenomenon in countries in transition. Croatia9s example shows they are staffed mainly by older doctors with no specialist knowledge of ethical issues. The importance of professional relationships and the educational function of ethics committees have been ignored</i>
Abstract IA1: Lgr5 stem cells in self-renewal and cancer
Authors: Hans Clevers
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The intestinal epithelium is the most rapidly self-renewing tissue in adult mammals. We originally defined Lgr5 as a Wnt target gene, transcribed in colon cancer cells. Two knock-in alleles revealed exclusive expression of Lgr5 in cycling, columnar cells at the crypt base. Using an inducible Cre knock-in allele and the Rosa26-LacZ reporter strain, lineage tracing experiments were performed in adult mice. The Lgr5+ve crypt base columnar cells (CBC) generated all epithelial lineages throughout life, implying that it represents the stem cell of the small intestine and colon. Similar obserations were made in hair follicles and stomach epithelium. Single sorted Lgr5+ve stem cells can initiate ever-expanding crypt-villus organoids in 3D culture. Tracing experiments indicate that the Lgr5+ve stem cell hierarchy is maintained in these organoids. We conclude that intestinal crypt-villus units are self-organizing structures, which can be built from a single stem cell in the absence of a non-epithelial cellular niche. The same technology has now been developed for the Lgr5+ve stomach stem cells. Intestinal cancer is initiated by Wnt pathway-activating mutations in genes such as APC. As in most cancers, the cell of origin has remained elusive. Deletion of APC in stem cells, but not in other crypt cells results in progressively growing neoplasia, identifying the stem cell as the cell-of-origin of adenomas. Moreover, a stem cell/progenitor cell hierarchy is maintained in early stem cell-derived adenomas, lending support to the “cancer stem cell”-concept. Fate mapping of individual crypt stem cells using a multicolor Cre-reporter revealed that, as a population, Lgr5 stem cells persist life-long, yet crypts drift toward clonality within a period of 1-6 months. Lgr5 cell divisions occur symmetrically. The cellular dynamics are consistent with a model in which the resident stem cells double their numbers each day and stochastically adopt stem or TA fates after cell division. Lgr5 stem cells are interspersed between terminally differentiated Paneth cells that are known to produce bactericidal products. We find that Paneth cells are CD24+ and express EGF, TGF-a, Wnt3 and the Notch ligand Dll4, all essential signals for stem-cell maintenance in culture. Co-culturing of sorted stem cells with Paneth cells dramatically improves organoid formation. This Paneth cell requirement can be substituted by a pulse of exogenous Wnt. Genetic removal of Paneth cells in vivo results in the concomitantloss of Lgr5 stem cells. In colon crypts, CD24+ cells residing between Lgr5 stem cells may represent the Paneth cell equivalents. We conclude that Lgr5 stem cells compete for essential niche signals provided by a specialized daughter cell, the Paneth cell. Citation Format: Hans Clevers. Lgr5 stem cells in self-renewal and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA1.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN 1-YEAR HEALTH STATUS FOLLOWING AN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Anne Nzuki, Rachel Dreyer, John Spertus, Harlan Krumholz, Kevin Kennedy, Chileshe Nkonde-Price, Garth Graham, Stacie Daugherty, Donna Buchanan, Paul Chan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Rise in maternal age has led to increase in pregnancies affected by Down's syndrome
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Increases in the numbers of older mothers has led to a rise in the number of pregnancies affected by Down's syndrome in Europe.

Some European regions have shown a more than twofold increase in total prevalence of Down's syndrome since 1980, say researchers from the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies, a network of population-based registries for the epidemiological surveillance of congenital anomalies covering around one quarter of births in the European Union.

According to the report in Revue d'epidemiologie et de sante publique (2005; 53: 2587-95), Down syndrome makes up around 8% …
Your Doctor's Office or the Internet? Two Paths to Personal Health Records
Authors: Paul C. Tang, Thomas H. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Mary is 68 years old, has four chronic conditions, takes seven medications, and averages 12 visits per year to her six physicians. In between visits, she spends a lot of time on the telephone with them or their staff — making appointments, requesting prescription renewals and referrals, seeking test results, and asking questions that she forgot to bring up in person. Physicians' offices are becoming overwhelmed by the tasks and time required to address the needs of patients like Mary. As the baby boomers age and develop chronic diseases, the gap between patients' desire for information and physicians' ability to . . .
The Physiological Basis for the Use of Pharmacological Doses of Corticosteroids in Bacterial Shock.
Authors: Jerrold K. Longerbeam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964The Physiological Basis for the Use of Pharmacological Doses of Corticosteroids in Bacterial Shock.Jerrold K. Longerbeam, M.D., Jack H. Block, M.D., William A. Manax, M.D., Richard C. Lillehei, M.D.Jerrold K. Longerbeam, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jack H. Block, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William A. Manax, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard C. Lillehei, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-712_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptControversy continues over the use of corticosteroids in treating bacterial shock. This is largely due to the failure to appreciate the hemodynamic, chemical, and visceral tissue disturbances that are caused by endotoxins. Equally at fault is the failure to recognize the effect of pharmacological doses of corticosteroids to right such changes. In the dog, endotoxin shock is characterized by a progressive rise in visceral organ, as well as total, peripheral resistance due to arteriolar and venular vasospasm. Accompanying this are striking elevations of plasma catecholamines which intensify the vasospasm. Concomitantly, cardiac output, visceral organ blood flow and blood volume decrease... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jerrold K. Longerbeam, M.D.; Jack H. Block, M.D.; William A. Manax, M.D.; Richard C. Lillehei, M.D.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 712-713KeywordsBacterial physiologyBlood flowBlood plasmaBlood volumeCardiac outputCatecholaminesEndotoxinsHemodynamicsShock ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Road to Euthanasia or Right to Refuse Care?
Authors: Michael Sananman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To  Editor.—  The informative article by Dr Sprung 1 on forgoing life-sustaining treatment contains within it viable answers to his fears and those expressed in  accompanying editorial. 2 It is not true that the range of those regarded as dead is widening each year. In fact,  strict neurological interpretation of death as whole-brain death remains as defined in  Uniform Determination of Death Act. 3   Dr Sprung expresses concern that judicial attitudes are becoming more permissive regarding removal of treatment. In fact, such refusal of withdrawal of therapy is only at  request of  patient or a surrogate. We must recognize  huge difference between a competent patient or his family refusing unwanted treatment and such a decision or judgment imposed on  patient by outside forces, such as physicians or administrative personnel. It is a healthy trend that  courts are moving toward allowing refusal
The Use of Videotape Recordings in Conjoint Marital Therapy
Authors: IAN ALGER, PETER HOGAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Use of videotape recordings in conjoint marital therapy is now feasible because of the availability of inexpensive equipment. This technique allows the immediate recovery and review of a large amount of objective data concerning interactions during a therapy session. Especially important is the marital partners' increased awareness of the multiple channels of communication, many of them contradictory, between themselves.
Points from Letters: Blood Levels of Anticonvulsants
Authors: A. E. McCandless
Journal: BMJ (1974)

pancreatitis are very variable and comparisons should be made cautiously.Corlett and Mishell considered early diag- nosis to be important in the management of the disease.Apart from pethidine and the debatable use of anticholinergics they sug- gest giving dextran to decrease pancreatic secretions.They also suggest giving saline intravenously initially since blood sugar levels influence pancreatic secretions, both exocrine and endocrine.However, there is probably an equally good argument for giving dextrose initially to prevent any vagal stimulation associated with hypoglycaemia.Glucagon is certainly a hyperglycaemic drug and may act in this way.It may yet be shown that it is the first few bottles of intravenous fluid which influence the outcome of the acute attack rather than recent therapeutic innovations.-Iam, etc.,
Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary–ardenal function
Authors: Julio Licinio, Christos Mantzoros, Anadré B. Negrão, Giovanni Cizza, Ma-Li Wong, Peter B. Bongiorno, George P. Chrousos, Brian Karp, Christine Allen, Jeffrey S. Flier, Philip W. Gold
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Children's Wheelchair Clinic
Authors: K. S. Holt, H. Darcus, H. L. Brand
Journal: BMJ (1972)

During the first year of a children's monthly wheelchair clinic 29 out of 34 chairs supplied in the past were found to be unsatisfactory. The advantages of a central clinic for a region where clinicians and technical officers can meet are emphasized, as is also the need for wider dispersal of knowledge about wheelchairs for disabled children.
Extraoesophageal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux
Authors: J Poelmans
Journal: Gut (2005)

A variety of pulmonary and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) symptoms and disorders are considered to be extraoesophageal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).These extraoesophageal manifestations include asthma, chronic cough, laryngeal disorders, and various ENT symptoms.Recent studies have established that GORD underlies or contributes to chronic sinusitis, chronic otitis media, paroxysmal laryngospasm, excessive throat phlegm, and postnasal drip.Traditionally, management of extraoesophageal GORD manifestations relies on prolonged empiric therapy with high doses of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), followed by pH monitoring under PPI in refractory cases.Recent studies found no benefit of empiric long term high dose PPI therapy.The diagnostic yield of endoscopy in extraoesophageal GORD manifestations seems higher than previously appreciated while pH monitoring under PPI therapy has a low yield.Based on these new findings, a new management algorithm can be proposed that uses short term empiric PPI therapy and GORD investigations off PPI.Well designed controlled studies evaluating the proposed management algorithms and treatment approaches in this area are urgently needed.
Where Do Obituary Listings Come From? Putting the Matter to Rest
Authors: Ralph H. Harder
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —When I first began reading<i>JAMA</i>as an American Medical Association (AMA) member in the early 1960s, I always scanned the obituaries. I rarely saw a familiar name, but I was intrigued by the ages and causes of death. I can think of several reasons why the cause of death is no longer listed for the individual. It would be educational to us all to have a separate, periodic listing of cause of death by age, sex, type of practice, location, and avocation. At what age do we get our coronaries? How many suicides? How much alcoholism? Are we dying of AIDS? Can we control cancer in ourselves? Are women under more stress than men? Are our adventurers dying of accidents? How common is office/hospital violence?
The Use of Thrombolytic Agents: Choice of Patient, Drug Administration, Laboratory Monitoring
Authors: VICTOR J. MARDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A proper choice of patient is critical in assuring both a satisfactory degree of lysis of the thrombus or embolus and a clinical course uncomplicated by serious hemorrhage. The best patients to treat are those who are seriously and acutely ill but without anatomic lesions that may bleed excessively. Thrombolytic agents can be administered by standard courses of therapy, and the monitoring of treatment with laboratory tests has been simplified and is concerned primarily with the documentation of a "lytic state."
Baroreceptor function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Effect of preventing hypertension.
Authors: M C Andresen, A M Brown
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

In the previous paper we showed that baroreceptor resetting in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) resulted from an incomplete matching of increased receptor strain sensitivity with reduced vessel wall distensibility. Here SHR and Wister-Kyoto controls were treated with antihypertensive drugs in their drinking water (reserpine, hydrochlorothiazide, and hydralazine) from 5 weeks of age so that we might examine the role of blood pressure in the SHR vessel wall-receptor mismatch. Radius and receptor properties were measured using the in vitro aortic arch-aortic nerve preparation at 8, 14, 20, and 30 weeks. We found that baroreceptors from SHR with normal blood pressures had normal pressure thresholds and suprathreshold pressure sensitivities. However, the treated SHR receptors still had lower strain thresholds and the aortas still were less distensible than were the normal. Now, however, the increased receptor sensitivity was sufficient to normalize the relationship between baroreceptor function and arterial blood pressure. We conclude that, although blood pressure may be restored to normotensive levels by therapy, vascular abnormalities may continue to develop.
Correlation of the Km(1) immunoglobulin allotype with anti-polysaccharide antibodies in Caucasian adults.
Authors: D M Ambrosino, V A Barrus, G G DeLange, G R Siber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Km allotype antigens are serologic markers expressed on kappa light chains of human immunoglobulins. To determine whether th Km phenotype of an individual is related to his ability to make antibodies to polysaccharide antigens, we correlated the Km allotypes of 129 healthy caucasian adults with the concentrations of specific antibodies to three bacterial polysaccharide antigens after immunization. The 14 individuals expressing the Km(1) allotype had lower concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and total antibody by radioimmunoassay to Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis group C capsular polysaccharides when compared with the 115 Km(1) negative individuals. The Km-associated differences in H. influenzae type b and N. meningitidis group C antibody concentrations were confined to kappa light chain-containing antibody (P = 0.029 and 0.003, respectively). Similarly, the Km(1) positives had slightly lower kappa chain-containing Ig than the Km(1) negatives (P = 0.079). We conclude that genes in or near the kappa light chain locus play a role in the regulation of kappa-containing antibody production to some bacterial polysaccharides and perhaps to other antigens.
Increased F-18 FDG Uptake in the Right Auricle of a Displaced Heart: Potential Cause of a False-Positive Pathologic Mediastinal Node
Authors: Susanne Kim, You-Guang Ding, Borys R. Krynyckyi, Josef MacHac, Chun K. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study was performed in a patient with a history of lung cancer. The scan demonstrated increased fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right auricle of a displaced heart. This same finding was also present on a prior PET study performed at an outside facility at which time it was erroneously interpreted to represent a pathologic mediastinal lymph node. This normal variant, particularly in patients with distorted anatomy, should be kept in mind to avoid a false-positive interpretation and to prevent unnecessary additional diagnostic workup or intervention.