tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Death with dignity.
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In recent years a succession of writers has lamented that a society which has the highest standard of living should also have the lowest standard of dying. Death, they maintain, has replaced sex as the most unmentionable taboo, and the act of dying has become lonely, mechanical, dehumanised, and at times gruesome.' Some have referred to the obscenity of modern dying, exemplified by an impersonal object lying naked and exposed
Long-Term Benefits From Lifestyle Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention
Authors: Jaakko Tuomilehto, Peter Schwarz, Jaana Lindström
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The potential to prevent type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals by lifestyle intervention was established in several clinical trials. These studies had a strong focus on increased physical activity and dietary modification as well as weight reduction among overweight participants. The key issue seems to be a comprehensive approach to correct several risk factors simultaneously. Furthermore, long-term follow-up studies of lifestyle interventions lasting for a limited time period seem to have a long-lasting carry-over effect on risk factors and diabetes incidence (Table 1).

View this table:

Table 1 
Long-term effectiveness of diabetes prevention trials



The research evidence has inspired national and local authorities and health care providers all over the world to start programs and activities to prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications. Based on the experiences from the clinical trials, as well as from the “real world” implementation programs, the IMAGE (Development and Implementation of a European Guideline and Training Standards for Diabetes Prevention) Study Group collated information in a systematic manner. The IMAGE deliverables include a European evidence-based guideline for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, a toolkit for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in Europe, and the quality indicators for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in Europe.

What is needed now is political support to develop national action plans for diabetes prevention. The prerequisites for successful prevention activities include involvement of a number of stakeholders on the governmental and nongovernmental level as well as on different levels of health care. Furthermore, structures to identify high-risk individuals and manage intervention, follow-up, and evaluation have to be established.

Observational studies have provided firm evidence that multiple lifestyle-related factors either increase or decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes. Thus, in type 2 diabetes prevention, it is important to pay attention not only to one single factor such as obesity but …
1997 Albert Lasker and Gairdner Foundation International Medical Research awardees named
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1997)

AS REGULARLY as turning leaves and returning students, autumn brings an announcement of the winners of 2 prestigious medical prizes. Both the Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards, presented in the United States, and the Gairdner Foundation International Awards, presented in Canada, are considered strong predictors of future Nobel Prize winners. Fifty-six Lasker awardees and 47 Gairdner winners have gone on to become Nobel Laureates.  The 1997 winners and citations for their accomplishments are as follows.  Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards  Established 52 years ago by New York, NY-based philanthropists Albert and Mary Woodard Lasker, these awards, according to the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, celebrate scientists, physicians, and public servants whose accomplishments have made major advances in the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and even cure of many of the great cripplers and killers of our century. At ceremonies in New York City, each winner receives an honorarium, a citation in
Review: Probiotics improve symptoms in adults with the irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club21 September 2010Review: Probiotics improve symptoms in adults with the irritable bowel syndromeSander Veldhuyzen van Zanten, MD, PhDSander Veldhuyzen van Zanten, MD, PhDUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.V.V.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-6-201009210-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMoayyedi P, Ford AC, Talley NJ, et al. The efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Gut. 2010;59:325-32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19091823Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Gastroenterology: References1 Marteau P. Probiotics in functional intestinal disorders and IBS: proof of action and dissecting the multiple mechanisms. Gut. 2010;59:285-6. [PMID: 20207630] Google Scholar2 Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJ, Talley NJ, Bytzer P, et al. Design of treatment trials for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gut. 1999;45 Suppl 2:II69-77. [PMID: 10457048] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.V.V.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 September 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on chronic pancreatitis and intestinal microbiota in miceBasic and clinical research on the regulation of the intestinal barrier by Lactobacillus and its active protein components: a review with experience of one centerInvolvement of the Mannose Receptor and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway of the Microdomain of the Integral Membrane Protein after Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection 21 September 2010Volume 153, Issue 6Page: JC3-7KeywordsAbdominal painAdverse eventsIrritable bowel syndromeLactobacillusProbioticsRisk managementStreptococcusSystematic reviews ePublished: 21 September 2010 Issue Published: 21 September 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Adjuvant radiotherapy for extremity and trunk wall atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated LPS (ALT/WD-LPS): a French Sarcoma Group (GSF-GETO) study
Authors: P.A. Cassier, G. Kantor, S. Bonvalot, E. Lavergne, E. Stoeckle, C. Le Péchoux, P. Meeus, M.-P. Sunyach, G. Vaz, J.-M. Coindre, C. Linassier, A. Labib, C. Delcambre, J.-O. Bay, S. Leyvraz, T. Dubergé, J.-L. Lagrange, A. Duret, J.-Y. Blay
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
URETERAL CALCULUS: ITS SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT: WITH A FEW ILLUSTRATIVE CASES
Authors: D. Newman
Journal: BMJ (1915)

the various urinary constituents may be summed up by saying that although alkalis like ammonia, acids such as acetic acid, and acid salts such as acid calcium phosphate, possess haemolytic powers, it is evident that these are not responsible for the phenomenon seen in actively haemolytic urines.The amounts of all these necessary to induce a similar haemolytic effect when added to (a) NaCl 0.85 per cent.solution, or (b) normal urine, being far greater than exist in urines that are found to haemolyze.My observations during this work yield, as might be expected, different results as regards alkaline and acid haemolytic urines respectively, and must be left for full discussion later.Here I would only call attention to the protective action of sodium bicarbonate.It was found, in the first place, that normal sodium bicarbonate solution, when added to a haemolytic urine in varying amounts, from 10 to 40 drops per 10 c.cm. of urine, prevented the haemolytic action, and this whether the urine was previously acid or alkaline, more being required in the case of a very powerfully haemolytic acid urine tlhan in a correspondingly powerful alkaline urine.Following this observation, it was discovered that in patients affording a haemolytic acid urine the ad- ministration of sodium bicarbonate by the mouth in sufficient dosage caused the haemolytic action of the urine to disappear.This was tried only in a few cases with very powerful haemolytic acid urines, and never in a case with alkaline urine, and although in -my few cases the administration seemed to be of clinical value, they are far too few to use as a basis for treatment.6.The attempts at removing or neutralizing by the various absorbents, precipitants, filtration, etc., and 'the influence, if any, of the H ion concentration, as well as other studies, will be left for future discussion.SUMMARY. 1.A phenomenon of fairly constant occurrence in certain morbid states, which apparently has hitherto escaped notice, is here described, namely, the rapid laking of blood corpuscles by the urine.2. It has never been noted in the urines of normal individuals.
Ultrasonic Tomography by Means of an Ultrasonic Fiberendoscope
Authors: W.D. Strohm, J. Phillip, F. Hagenmüller, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

The diagnositc value of ultrasonic tomography of the upper abdominal organs is sometimes limited by bones and gas. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUST) combines the advantages of the direct visualization of the upper GI tube and the ultrasonic imaging of adjacent organs. The ultrasonic probe consists of a 5 MHz array that generates a good resolution at the acustical focus, the endoscope is a conventional Olympus gastroscope type GFB3. The ultrasonic transducer is firmly attached to the distal end of the endoscope. Combined examinations are performed in 18 patients with biliary, pancreatic and hepatic disorders or postoperative changes. EUST may be of value not only for gastrointestinal but also for retroperitoneal, cardiac, and mediastinal diseases.
Organo-chlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Fat and Human Milk
Authors: H. Egan, R. Goulding, J. Roburn, J. OG. Tatton
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Fourteen accidents involving agricultural tractors are described.If a driver is injured when a tractor overturns the chances are shown to be about one in four that he will be killed.Tractor accidents are shown to have a much higher mortality and serious-injury rate than road-traffic accidents.Tractor accidents produce injuries of the crush type, and the trunk is more likely to be injured than the head or extremities.The type of man most likely to be involved in a tractor accident is one who is married, who is an experienced driver, and who is over 30 years old.Tractors should be provided with safety frames that are strong enough to protect the drivers from being crushed should the vehicles overturn.I wish to thank H.M. Coroner and the Chief Constable of Mid-Wales for the information obtained from the coroner's records and from the police reports of road-traffic accidents.I am grateful to my partners (Drs.T.
OC-083 Optimising radiation bowel injury therapy, the orbit study, a randomised controlled trial
Authors: H J Andreyev, K Thomas, B Benton, A Lalji, J O Lindsay, H Gage, C Norton
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms after radical pelvic radiotherapy are common. There is no evidence whether medical intervention helps. Most affected patients are never referred to specialists. We developed a comprehensive, peer-reviewed management algorithm for patients with new onset GI symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy. A prospective three arm randomised controlled trial was performed to test two hypotheses: (1) intervention using our algorithm provides benefit at 6 months after randomisation compared to no intervention; (2) outcomes do not differ when patients are managed by nurse or doctor. Other end points include: cost-effectiveness of intervention; effect on non-GI symptoms; outcomes after 12 months. <h3>Methods</h3> Consenting people who had completed pelvic radiotherapy &gt;6 months previously with persisting GI symptoms were randomised to see a GI nurse or gastroenterologist, both following our algorithm, or to receive the MacMillan booklet “Pelvic radiotherapy: possible late effects”. After 6 months patients in the booklet arm with persisting symptoms could see the gastroenterologist. Patients in the nurse arm, were transferred to the gastroenterologist if they had problems beyond the algorithm9s scope. The primary end point was change in the modified Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire-bowel sub score (IBDQ-B). The trial was designed with 80% power to answer the 1st hypothesis after randomising 196 patients and the 2nd after closing the booklet arm, and randomising 22 more patients to gastroenterologist or nurse. <h3>Results</h3> This 1st analysis includes 152 men, 44 women randomised to the three arms and followed for 6 months: booklet (n=68) vs combined treatment arms (66 nurse, 62 gastroenterologist). Median age was similar in both groups (69 years range 29–87); 25 patients had radiotherapy for GI, 30 gynaecological, 141 urological cancer. 18 (9%) withdrew/were withdrawn from the trial; 26 (38%) from the booklet group and 5 (8%) from the nurse arm crossed to the gastroenterologist. Intention to treat analysis showed a non-significant (p=0.056) improvement in IBDQ-B score of 2.8 points (95% CI 6.5 to −0.1). Planned per protocol analysis in 158 patients with complete data sets showed significant (p=0.041) improvement in IBDQ-B between treated and non-treated arms of 3.4 points (95% CIs 6.7 to 0.1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Medical intervention can ameliorate radiotherapy-induced GI symptoms. A 2nd analysis in December 2012 will address the other end points and the 2nd hypothesis. This study was funded by RFPB, NIHR. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as a pleural effusion
Authors: A. G Blundell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Wegener's granulomatosis is one of the pauci-immune small vessel vasculitides. It classically presents with the triad of upper and lower respiratory tract granulomas and necrotising focal segmental glomerulonephritis. It is associated with the presence in the serum of autoantibodies againstcomponents of neutrophil cytoplasmantineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA). The illness can develop at any age but is more common in patients in their 50s and 60s and in men. The incidence of vasculitis is increasing, with about 10-20 people per million affected. We present a case that in retrospect had many clues at the initial time of admission, but it took five months and six different hospital teams to make the diagnosis.

A 64 year old woman, who had had breast carcinoma that had been treated with wide local excision and radio-therapy six years previously, was admitted to her local hospital at the end of March 2001. She presented with a two week history of an influenza-like illness, including a blocked nose and right ear, dry cough, and intermittent sweats. She was feverish and had a left pleural effusion, which was confirmed radiologically. Her inflammatory markers were raised (total white cell count 13.1x109/l, C reactive protein 322 mg/l (normal range < 5 mg/l)). Treated was started with intravenous antibiotics for a possible empyema. Despite three …
Abstract 2428: PPMX-2017: Antibody against CDH3 with potent efficacy against lung cancer
Authors: Lilin Zhang, Keisuke Ishii, Yoko Kayukawa, Shuing Yagami, Katsushi Kouda, Keiko Katsumi, Aya Sakamoto, Hirokazu Satoh, Hiroshi Onishi, Fumiko Nomura, Romi Kotaka, Tadashi Matsuura, Yukio Sudo, Hiroyuki Aburatani
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cadherin 3/P-cadherin (CDH3) is a member of cadherin family proteins involved in the cell-cell adhesion. Based on a genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis of pancreatic cancer, we found that CDH3 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. We also confirmed by our immunohistochemistry study that CDH3 protein was expressed highly in pancreatic, lung, colon and other types of cancer tissues but not in normal tissues. Since CDH3 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and overexpressed in cancer tissues, it is an attractive therapeutic target for various kinds of cancer. In this present study, we generated a series of monoclonal antibodies against CDH3 and evaluated their anti-tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. PPMX2017, an antibody from the series, is an anti-human CDH3 specific mouse IgG2a antibody. The in vitro studies demonstrated that PPMX2017 elicited strong antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity on CDH3-positive cancer cell lines (lung cancer: NCI-H358 and A431, pancreatic cancer: KLM1 and Bxpc3.). Furthermore, PPMX2017 showed a significant antitumor effect in a therapeutic xenograft model of lung cancer where NCI-H358 cell-generated tumors grew to 70∼90 mm3 before administration of this antibody. PPMX2017 suppressed tumor growth by 60∼80% compared with control IgG in a dose range of 0.3mg∼5mg/kg. These findings show that CDH3 is a potential target for cancer therapy and PPMX2017 is a candidate for the development of antibody therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2428.
Carcinoid heart disease: diagnosis by two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: R J Howard, M Drobac, W D Rider, T J Keane, J Finlayson, M D Silver, E D Wigle, H Rakowski
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We prospectively studied 14 patients with the carcinoid syndrome to determine if two-dimensional echocardiography could detect the nature and extent of valvular abnormalities. Eight of the 14 patients had definite abnormalities of the right-sided cardiac valves. The tricuspid valve had a characteristic appearance, similar to previously described pathologic findings. The leaflets appeared diffusely thickened, shortened and stiff without evidence of commissural fusion. Saline contrast studies demonstrated tricuspid regurgitation, which corresponded to the severity of the tricuspid valve involvement. The pulmonary valve could only be adequately assessed in seven of 14 patients, and morphologic abnormalities similar to those in the tricuspid valve were found. Follow-up studies have shown progression of cardiac disease in six of eight patients. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography can detect the characteristic cardiac abnormalities in the carcinoid syndrome and may be a useful tool for following their progression.
Complementary Medicine: Useless or Unproven?
Authors: Wallace Sampson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The reviewers<sup>1</sup>of<i>Complementary Therapies in Medicine</i>gave the journal favorable comments that are unwarranted. The reviewers seemed unaware of their own misuse of language in their description, and they seemed unaware of the misuse in the journal itself. They state that "it provides a forum for the traditional allopath to explore... complementary medicine previously considered alternative or 'fringe.'" "Traditional" usually refers to forms of primitive, empirical, prescientific practices, often having mystical and ideological bases. It is a misnomer and demeaning to scientifically trained, ethical, and rational physicians. The term has been intentionally used by proponents of nonrational, dubious methods to diminish the importance of science and reason in medicine. The terms "alternative" and "fringe" are both inaccurate descriptions of methods that do not work. "Alternative" and now "complementary" are euphemisms for the same thing, tending to divert the reader from the real status of the
The long-term stability of triglyceride molecules in adipose tissue.
Authors: E Gordis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

During transport of triglycerides from intestine to blood and from blood to adipose tissue, hydrolysis and re-esterification take place. The experiments reported here were done to determine whether triglycerides in adipose depots are continually hydrolyzed and their fatty acids re-esterified, or whether triglyceride molecules, once deposited, remain intact in storage until mobilized. Hollenberg studied this question (1) by exteriorizing the epididymal fat pads of living rats according to the method of Stein and Stein (2) and immersing the pads, with their blood supply intact, into a solution of palmitic acid-14C. The pads were then replaced within the animal, and the operative wound was closed. The distribution of the labeled palmitate between the more saturated and less saturated glycerides was studied both shortly after the immersion and 2 weeks later. Little exchange of the isotope between the two glyceride groups was found after 2 weeks. In the studies reported here, rats were fed in sequence fats of widely differing fatty acid compositions. Adipose tissue was then analyzed in order to detect those triglycerides that could have been formed only by interesterification within adipose stores. The evidence indicated that little exchange of triglyceride fatty acids occurred in storage even after 2 months.
Twins and fetal programming of blood pressure
Authors: D. A Leon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers pp 1325, 1330 

The weight of evidence linking reduced size at birth to raised blood pressure is now substantial1 and that for an increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes and coronary heart disease is increasingly convincing. Despite continuing scepticism,2 initial concerns that these statistical associations were due to chance, artefact, or confounding by factors in later life have been largely resolved. Attention is now turning towards elucidating underlying mechanisms and the public health importance of the “fetal origins” hypothesis.

Over the past five years the biological plausibility that circumstances in utero can “program” the fetus, such that postnatal physiology and disease risk are altered, has been bolstered by evidence from animal models. Experimental manipulation of the environment of the fetus in utero, through modifying the maternal diet and other means, can undoubtedly have profound long term effects on structure and function.3

The direct relevance of these animal models to humans has not been adequately assessed, particularly with regard to maternal nutrition Nevertheless, they provide an important counterpoint to the suggestion that genetic rather than environmental factors drive the association between impaired growth and later disease in humans.4 More direct human evidence about the possibility …
Deaths due to coronary heart disease during sport
Authors: E J Watts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

results were obtained for survival up to six months.The analysis was repeated for specific age groups: women aged 60-69 had a worse chance of survival to six months (P<003) but not to two years (P> 0075).No difference was found in either the younger or the older age groups.1.00 40-49 50-59 60-69 o .0cL 0.50 70-79 '.) 0.25 Men Women 0O O 16o 200 300 400 500 600 700 Time after infarction (days)Age specific Kaplan-Meier survival curves in men and women with acute myocardial infarction in first two years after admission to hospital (P>0 44)These Scottish data suggest that the poorer survival of women may be attributed to the different age distributions of the men and women admitted to hospital.The use of statistical methods that adjust for age across whole populations may, however, disguise differences in particular age groups' experience of disease.