tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe Hypersensitivity or Intolerance Reactions to Measles Vaccine in Six Children Clinical and Immunological studies
Authors: L. Aukrust, T. L. Almeland, D. Refsum, K. Aas
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Six reported cases of anaphylactic reactions due to measles vaccinations of children were investigated. The reactions appeared to be immediate hypersensitivity reactions most probably due to allergy. Trace amounts of calf serum proteins were demonstrated in the measles vaccine by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis whereas egg antigens could not be detected by this method. The reason for the untoward reactions was not identified. Atopic traits were not repotted in any of the patients but were found in first degree family members of three of them. Skin prick testing with measles vaccine was positive in one of the patients only, whereas skin prick testing with egg yolk, egg white, cow's milk and calf serum were negative in all cases. RAST was performed with allergosorbents containing different material used during the vaccine production, but was negative in all cases. The results with control individuals were in accord with previous reports that patients with allergy to hen's egg tolerate the injection of measles vaccine. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to measles vaccine may occur independent of allergy to egg and even in children without any known allergy or atopic heredity.
Liver Injury Is Common Among Chronic Abusers of Ketamine
Authors: Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Yuk-Him Tam, Chi-Fai Ng, Anthony Wing-Hung Chan, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu, Paul Bo-San Lai, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Deconvolution: A Novel Signal Processing Approach for Determining Activation Time From Fractionated Electrograms and Detecting Infarcted Tissue
Authors: Willard S. Ellis, Susan J. Eisenberg, David M. Auslander, Michael W. Dae, Avideh Zakhor, Michael D. Lesh
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Two important signal processing applications in electrophysiology are activation mapping and characterization of the tissue substrate from which electrograms are recorded. We hypothesize that a novel signal-processing method that uses deconvolution is more accurate than amplitude, derivative, and manual activation time estimates. We further hypothesize that deconvolution quantifies changes in morphology that detect electrograms recorded from regions of myocardial infarction.To determine the accuracy of activation time estimation, 600 unipolar electrograms were calculated with a detailed computer model using various degrees of coupling heterogeneity to model infarction. Local activation time was defined as the time of peak inward sodium current in the modeled myocyte closest to the electrode. Deconvolution, minimum derivative, and maximum amplitude were calculated. Two experienced electrophysiologists blinded to the computer-determined activation times marked their estimates of activation time. F tests compared the variance of activation time estimation for each method. To evaluate the performance of deconvolution to detect infarction, 380 unipolar electrograms were recorded from 10 dogs with infarcts resulting from ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The amplitude, duration, number of inflections, peak frequency, bandwidth, minimum derivative, and deconvolution were calculated. Metrics were compared by Mann-Whitney rank-sum tests, and receiver operating curves were plotted.Deconvolution estimated local activation time more accurately than the other metrics (P < .0001). Furthermore, the algorithm quantified changes in morphology (P < .0001) with superior performance, detecting electrograms recorded from regions of myocardial infarction. Thus, deconvolution, which incorporates a priori knowledge of electrogram morphology, shows promise to improve present clinical metrics.
Preparation of human saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting impairs its capacity to produce prostacyclin
Authors: G. D ANGELINI, I. M BRECKENRIDGE, J. V PSAILA, H. M WILLIAMS, A. H HENDERSON, A. C NEWBY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Prostacyclin production was measured from freshly isolated human saphenous vein and from vein subjected to routine surgical preparation for coronary bypass grafting. Surgical preparation had no effect on spontaneous prostacyclin production but significantly reduced stimulated rates from 16.9(1.1) to 7.1(0.5) pg.min-1 per mg wet weight (n = 27). Stimulated prostacyclin production was not reduced by storage of vein for 2 h at 23 degrees C in blood or saline nor by distension, but it was reduced to 5.0(0.6) pg.min-1 per mg (n = 10) by de-endothelialisation. Reduced prostacyclin production, which might in itself contribute to vein graft occlusion, provides a quantitative biochemical estimate of endothelial integrity.
Spatial Epidemiology: Current Approaches and Future Challenges
Authors: Paul Elliott, Daniel Wartenberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Spatial epidemiology is the description and analysis of geographic variations in disease with respect to demographic, environmental, behavioral, socioeconomic, genetic, and infectious risk factors. We focus on small-area analyses, encompassing disease mapping, geographic correlation studies, disease clusters, and clustering. Advances in geographic information systems, statistical methodology, and availability of high-resolution, geographically referenced health and environmental quality data have created unprecedented new opportunities to investigate environmental and other factors in explaining local geographic variations in disease. They also present new challenges. Problems include the large random component that may predominate disease rates across small areas. Though this can be dealt with appropriately using Bayesian statistics to provide smooth estimates of disease risks, sensitivity to detect areas at high risk is limited when expected numbers of cases are small. Potential biases and confounding, particularly due to socioeconomic factors, and a detailed understanding of data quality are important. Data errors can result in large apparent disease excess in a locality. Disease cluster reports often arise nonsystematically because of media, physician, or public concern. One ready means of investigating such concerns is the replication of analyses in different areas based on routine data, as is done in the United Kingdom through the Small Area Health Statistics Unit (and increasingly in other European countries, e.g., through the European Health and Environment Information System collaboration). In the future, developments in exposure modeling and mapping, enhanced study designs, and new methods of surveillance of large health databases promise to improve our ability to understand the complex relationships of environment to health.
Preventing CAN Deaths: An International Study of Deaths Due to Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: David L. Chadwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Dr Greenland has performed a major service to the field of child abuse and neglect studies with this very comprehensive work. The ultimate conclusion of the book is that deaths from child abuse can and should be prevented, and the arguments presented to support the conclusion are powerful. The statement is of vital importance at this time when many social workers, some judges and lawyers, and even a few physicians are accepting the inevitability of child abuse deaths as a price that must be paid to avoid excessive invasion of family life. The literature on deaths from child abuse and neglect is reviewed in three national perspectives, the United States, Canada (emphasizing Ontario), and the United Kingdom. Virtually all published studies on the subject from these countries are cited and the analysis and comments of the author are balanced and fair, clearly expressing the many and sometimes divergent viewpoints of
Large-scale whole-genome sequencing of the Icelandic population
Authors: Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Hannes Helgason, Sigurjon A Gudjonsson, Florian Zink, Asmundur Oddson, Arnaldur Gylfason, Soren Besenbacher, Gisli Magnusson, Bjarni V Halldorsson, Eirikur Hjartarson, Gunnar Th Sigurdsson, Simon N Stacey, Michael L Frigge, Hilma Holm, Jona Saemundsdottir, Hafdis Th Helgadottir, Hrefna Johannsdottir, Gunnlaugur Sigfusson, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Jon Th Sverrisson, Solveig Gretarsdottir, G Bragi Walters, Thorunn Rafnar, Bjarni Thjodleifsson, Einar S Bjornsson, Sigurdur Olafsson, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Thora Steingrimsdottir, Thora S Gudmundsdottir, Asgeir Theodors, Jon G Jonasson, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Jon J Jonsson, Olafur Thorarensen, Petur Ludvigsson, Hakon Gudbjartsson, Gudmundur I Eyjolfsson, Olof Sigurdardottir, Isleifur Olafsson, David O Arnar, Olafur Th Magnusson, Augustine Kong, Gisli Masson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Agnar Helgason, Patrick Sulem, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Suppose We Die Young, Late in Life?
Authors: B. Albert Ring
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The benefits of a healthful society are so obvious that many wonder why we have waited so long to obtain them. A little reflection, however, discloses two problems. First, we are an affluent society of people underworked and overfed who smoke too much, drink too much, drive too much—and too fast—and whose favorite recreation is flipping open a beer and turning on the television. This is an unhealthy way of life, but it is pleasant and unlikely to be reversed overnight. To change a whole life-style in the absence of cataclysmic external forces is a slow process, more evolution than revolution, and is accepted by the individual because he wants to, not because he is told to. The second problem is one of the present and is even more pressing. There are still a number of abnormal conditions that are in no way preventable, and these plus
Role of VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in developmental lymphangiogenesis, a chemicogenetic study in Xenopus tadpoles
Authors: Annelii Ny, Marta Koch, Wouter Vandevelde, Martin Schneider, Christian Fischer, Antonio Diez-Juan, Elke Neven, Ilse Geudens, Sunit Maity, Lieve Moons, Stéphane Plaisance, Diether Lambrechts, Peter Carmeliet, Mieke Dewerchin
Journal: Blood (2008)
Effect of lidocaine hydrochloride on membrane conductance in mammalian cardiac purkinje fibers
Authors: Morton F. Arnsdorf, J. Thomas Bigger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Lidocaine depresses automaticity in cardiac Purkinje fibers by decreasing the slope of slow diastolic depolarization, but the mechanisms of this effect are poorly understood. To test the proposal that the antiautomatic effect of lidocaine might be mediated by an increase in membrane potassium conductance, transmembrane voltage (Vm) was measured in Purkinje fibers perfused with sodium-deficient Tyrode containing choline as the major cation. Vm was varied by altering the external potassium concentration, [K]o, from 0.5 to 150 mM before and after lidocaine, 2.14 × 10-5 M, a concentration considered equivalent to clinical plasma antiarrhythmic levels. In Purkinje fibers, resting Vm varies linearly with [K]o plotted on a logarithmic scale from 4 to 150 mM, approximately as predicted by the Nernst equation. At [K]o of 0.5-2.7 mM, resting Vm diverges from the predicted potassium equilibrium potential (VK) resulting in an increased driving force for the outward K+ current (Vm — VK). In choline Tyrode at [K]o of 2.7 mM or less, lidocaine caused a significant increase in Vm, the change being a positive linear function of (Vm — VK) with a P < 0.01. This effect was more striking in Purkinje fibers with a Vm reduced by stretch. These findings imply that lidocaine increased membrane chord conductance for the potassium ion (gK).
Antibody-dependent and phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: J K Wright, P Hughes, K Gelsthorpe, A M Ward, N R Rowell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

An investigation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using both whole blood and purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to measure antibody-dependent (ADCC) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity for Chang liver cells, has revealed 2 distinct abnormalities in patients with active disease. PHA-induced cytotoxicity was found to be selectively reduced in whole blood assays only (P less than 0.05), whereas ADCC was impaired in both whole blood (P = 0.02) and PBM (P less than 0.05) assays, when comparison was made with 52 normal controls. The addition of patients9 sera to corresponding assays utilizing control PBM confirmed that the impaired PHA-induced cytotoxicity resulted from circulating inhibitory serum factors. Surprisingly little effect, however, was exerted on ADCC assays. These findings suggest that there is a reduction in numbers and/or functional capacity of Fc-receptor cells in active SLE, which may have pathogenetic implications.
Toxoplasma Uveitis Without Retinochoroiditis?
Authors: ROBERT J. MASI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1979Toxoplasma Uveitis Without Retinochoroiditis?ROBERT J. MASI, M.D., G. RICHARD O'CONNOR, M.D.ROBERT J. MASI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. RICHARD O'CONNOR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-5-793_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We have read with interest the recent correspondence (1) reporting a presumptive anterior uveitis without apparent retinochoroiditis in acquired toxoplasmosis.Although there is now little doubt that the acquired disease can result in a retinochoroiditis (2-4), an isolated anterior uveitis caused by toxoplasmosis remains speculative. The anterior chamber reaction that commonly accompanies the retinochoroiditis observed in both congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis is thought to represent a "spillover" phenomenon, that is, a hypersensitivity reaction in the anterior uvea (iris and ciliary body) to an antigenic insult in the posterior segment (5). This reaction has been experimentally produced in...References1. HANDLER R. Ocular toxoplasmosis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:324. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SAARIVUORRENEIMINENRÄISÄNEN MIHS. Acquired toxoplasmic chorioretinitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1976;94:1485-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MASURJONESLEMPERTCHERUBINI HTJT. Outbreak of toxoplasmosis in a family and documentation of acquired retinochoroiditis. Am J Med. 1978;64:396-402. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GUMPHOLDEN DR. Acquired chorioretinitis due to toxoplasmosis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:58-60. LinkGoogle Scholar5. O'CONNOR G. Protozoan disease of the uvea. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1977;17:163-76. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. O'CONNOR G. The influence of hypersensitivity on the pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1970;68:501-47. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Francis I. Proctor Foundation University of California San Francisco, CA 94143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1979Volume 91, Issue 5Page: 793-794KeywordsAntigensHypersensitivityToxoplasmaToxoplasmosisUveitis Issue Published: 1 November 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
A SIMPLE EVALUATION OF FOODS
Authors: E. F. Kohman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A question frequently asked, mostly by laymen, pertains to the relative value of different foods: "Are carrots a better food than potatoes?" "Do beets have much food value?" "How do spinach and kale compare in food value?" Obviously, if one were completely or largely on a potato diet, carrots in the diet would have a far greater value than an equal amount of potatoes. Yet conceivably there are diets that could not be improved by the addition of carrots. It is realized that such questions have something in common with the question "Which is the more important, the hen or the egg?" The completely evasive, though inescapable, answer to the hen and egg question is that without one there cannot be the other. It is possible, however, to give a better answer in a comparative evaluation of different foods. The first requisite in such comparisons is to
Expanding the Clinical Phenotype Associated With<i>ELOVL4</i>Mutation
Authors: Maxime Cadieux-Dion, Maude Turcotte-Gauthier, Anne Noreau, Caroline Martin, Caroline Meloche, Micheline Gravel, Christian Allen Drouin, Guy A. Rouleau, Dang Khoa Nguyen, Patrick Cossette
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a complex group of neurodegenerative disorders with significant genetic heterogeneity. Despite the identification of 20 SCA genes, the cause of the disorder in a significant proportion of families with SCA remains unexplained. In 1972, a French-Canadian family segregating a combination of SCA and erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV) in an autosomal dominant fashion was described.To map and identify the causative gene in this large family with SCA and EKV using a combination of linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing.A total of 32 individuals from the family have undergone complete neurologic and dermatologic examinations.Mutations in ELOVL4 have been reported in families with macular degeneration. Recently, homozygous mutations were found in patients with ichthyosis, spastic paraplegia, and severe neurodevelopmental defects. In the present study, we report on a heterozygote mutation in ELOVL4 in affected individuals from the family with SCA and EKV. The mutation segregates with a milder phenotype consisting of early-onset patches of erythema and hyperkeratosis, as well as SCA manifesting in the fourth or fifth decade of life.We describe the mapping and the identification of a c.504G>C transversion in ELOVL4 resulting in the p.L168F substitution. We also provide clinical characterization of the phenotypes in 19 mutation carriers.We report, to our knowledge, the first mutation in ELOVL4 that is associated with SCA and EKV. This gene encodes a member of the elongase family, which is responsible for the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (at least 26 carbons). These fatty acids participate in a wide variety of physiological functions, including skin barrier formation and peroxisome β-oxidation. Overall, these results provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of these complex neurodegenerative disorders.
Diaphragmatic Paralysis Simulating Pulmonary Infection on Gallium-67 Scan
Authors: Ya-Wen Chuang, Chien-Chin Hsu, Chia-Yang Lin, Ying-Fong Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Ga-67 is a useful agent for imaging infection, especially in the chest, but is not so reliable in the abdomen because of physiological bowel activity. A 64-year-old man with fever of unknown origin received a Ga-67 scan for survey of any occult infection focus. Focal Ga-67 accumulation was noted in the left lower chest region on the 24-hour image, but a different pattern of radioactivity was shown on the 48-hour image after bowel cleansing. On review of the chest radiographs and history, we found bowel activity in the left lower chest secondary to diaphragmatic paralysis masqueraded as pulmonary infection. Diaphragmatic paralysis should be considered as a differential diagnosis of abnormal activity in the chest on Ga-67 scan.
CHANGING VIRAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A HUMAN CELL LINE IN CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION
Authors: Sam C. Wong, Edwin D. Kilbourne
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

During its serial transfer and cultivation in this laboratory, a human conjunctival cell line (Chang) was observed to change in morphology. Concurrently no change was noted in the susceptibility of the cells to viruses capable of infecting the original cell line. However, it was noted that the derived variant cell line had acquired susceptibility to the induction of cytopathic effects and incomplete virus formation by several strains of influenza viruses. It was then discovered that swine influenza virus and the N-WS strain of influenza A virus could be serially propagated in the derived cell line with production of infective virus. The swine virus required adaptation, but the N-WS strain did not. N-WS and swine influenza viruses multiply with infective virus formation only in the variant conjunctival cell and in no other cell line. Antigenic, cytologic, and virologic evidence is presented that the influenza virus-susceptible variant cell is of human origin and is not a contaminating cell exogenously introduced. Transition of a cell line from complete insusceptibility to susceptibility to virus infection and multiplication has not been described previously.
Caries Research in Laboratory Animals
Authors: Reidar F. Sognnaes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

MAJOR progress in the understanding and prevention of disease has accrued from the successful experimental duplication of its pathology in laboratory animals. However, if dental caries and periodontal disease are to be reproduced and studied in animals, one is faced at the outset with several problems.In the first place, the diseases in question are not readily classified as conforming to any typical groups of pathologic phenomena. For example, both kinds of diseases may occur in the absence of general breakdown of other mineralized skeletal or connective tissues. For the experimentally produced carious and periodontal lesions to represent a readily . . .
"VISUAL FACTORS IN EQUILIBRATION, ESPECIALLY AVIATION"
Authors: Lewis Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 13, 1918, in an editorial entitled "The Bárány Tests in the Examination of Aviators," you apparently set the seal of "editorial" approval to what seems to be a misrepresentation of the object and value of the Bárány tests in the examination of prospective aviators for the United States Army. The editorial was apparently based on conclusions drawn from several contributions which have recently appeared in medical literature; two of them, one by Dr. Fridenberg and the other by Surgeons Parsons and Segar, appeared inThe Journal, April 6 and 13, respectively. The portion of Fridenberg's article which you quote as authority, "It has been generally assumed that a normal labyrinth is sine qua non and the only essential for equilibration," is most unfortunate—unfortunate, because untrue. Through discussions with medical men and the perusal of literature generally, I am not aware that any such
Skin Cover of Wounds
Authors: W. Gissane
Journal: BMJ (1945)

<h3>Abstract</h3> A plethora of studies have reported the associations between microbiota and multiple diseases, leading to at least four databases to demonstrate microbiota-disease associations, i.e., gutMDisorder, mBodyMap, GMrepo and Amadis. Moreover, gut microbiota also mediates drug efficacy and toxicity, whereas a comprehensive database to elucidate the microbiota-drug associations is lacking. Here we report an open-access knowledgebase, MADET (Microbiomics of Anticancer Drug Efficacy and Toxicity), which harbors 453 manually annotated microbiota-drug associations from 24 papers. MADET provides user-friendly functions allowing users to freely browse, search, and download the data conveniently from the database. Users can customize their search filters in MADET using different types of keywords, including bacterial name (e.g., <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>), anticancer treatment (e.g., anti-PD-1 therapy) or cancer type (e.g., lung cancer) with different types of experimental evidence of microbiota-drug association and causation. We have also enabled user submission to further enrich the data document in MADET. The MADET database is freely available at https://www.madet.info. We anticipate that MADET will serve as a useful resource for a better understanding of the microbiota-drug associations and facilitate the future development of novel biomarkers and live biotherapeutic products for anticancer therapies.