tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methodological quality assessment for traditional Chinese medicine: CONSORT is better
Authors: Ming-Hua Zheng, Yu-Chen Fan, Ke-Qing Shi, Yong-Ping Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We read the article by Zhang et al.1 with great interest. The authors assessed the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the Jadad scoring system.2 However, we would like to comment on concerns that have been raised about the scoring system. The assessment criterion adopted in the study is less comprehensive and outdated. Jadad scoring, though widely used in validating RCTs, has been attacked in recent years. Accumulating evidence suggests that Jadad scoring is flawed and overly simplistic, places too much emphasis on blinding, and has diminishing consistency with different raters.3, 4 Nowadays, the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement encompasses various initiatives developed by the CONSORT group to alleviate the problems arising from inadequate reporting of RCTs.5 It offers a standardized way of preparing reports of trial findings that facilitates accurate and transparent reporting with critical appraisal and interpretation. More and more highly cited academic journals, including HEPATOLOGY, have adopted the CONSORT statement for standardization and integrity. In China, CONSORT for TCM has been developed and widely adopted; it provides more specificity and sensitivity for the assessment of TCM methodological quality.6 Therefore, it would have been much better if the CONSORT standard, instead of Jadad scoring, had been used in this meta-analysis. In summary, the methodological quality of the analysis needs to be reassessed. Ming-Hua Zheng M.D.*, Yu-Chen Fan M.D. , Ke-Qing Shi M.D.*, Yong-Ping Chen M.D.*, * Liver Research Center, Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China, Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
The Effect of Ambient Air Pollution during Early Pregnancy on Fetal Ultrasonic Measurements during Mid-Pregnancy
Authors: Craig A. Hansen, Adrian G. Barnett, Gary Pritchard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Over the past decade there has been mounting evidence that ambient air pollution during pregnancy influences fetal growth.This study was designed to examine possible associations between fetal ultrasonic measurements collected from 15,623 scans (13-26 weeks gestation) and ambient air pollution during early pregnancy.We calculated mothers' average monthly exposures over the first 4 months of pregnancy for the following pollutants: particulate matter < 10 microm aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. We examined associations with fetal femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), and abdominal circumference (AC). Final analyses included scans from only those women within 2 km of an air pollution monitoring site. We controlled for long-term trend, season, temperature, gestation, mother's age, socioeconomic status, and fetal sex.A reduction in fetal AC was associated with O3 during days 31-60 [-1.42 mm; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.74 to -0.09], SO2 during days 61-90 (-1.67 mm; 95% CI, -2.94 to -0.40), and PM10 during days 91-120 (-0.78 mm; 95% CI, -1.49 to -0.08). Other results showed a reduction in BPD (-0.68 mm; 95% CI, -1.09 to -0.27) associated with SO2 during days 0-30, a reduction in HC (-1.02 mm; 95% CI, -1.78 to -0.26) associated with PM10 during days 91-120, and a reduction in FL associated with PM10 during days 0-30 (-0.28 mm; 95% CI, -0.48 to -0.08) and 91-120 (-0.23; 95% CI, -0.42 to -0.04).We found strong effects of ambient air pollution on ultrasound measures. Future research, including more individually detailed data, is needed to confirm our results.
General practice observed. A do-it-yourself medical centre.
Authors: A N Ganner, A C Lockie
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A group practice commissioned a local building company to build their own medical centre comprising 370 m2 (4000 ft2) of building with an adequate car park at a total cost of 60 000 pounds with design to completion in nine months. A bank loan for 10 years was assigned to the partnership and each partner made his own arrangements for repayment. The updated cost for June 1979 is 80 000-85 000 pounds. Building a centre in this way is professionally and financially rewarding.
Norovirus and Medically Attended Gastroenteritis in U.S. Children
Authors: Daniel C. Payne, Jan Vinjé, Peter G. Szilagyi, Kathryn M. Edwards, Mary Allen Staat, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Caroline B. Hall, James Chappell, David I. Bernstein, Aaron T. Curns, Mary Wikswo, S. Hannah Shirley, Aron J. Hall, Benjamin Lopman, Umesh D. Parashar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Cases of rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis have declined since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines, but the burden of norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis in children remains to be assessed.We conducted active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed cases of norovirus among children younger than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in hospitals, emergency departments, and outpatient clinical settings. The children resided in one of three U.S. counties during the years 2009 and 2010. Fecal specimens were tested for norovirus and rotavirus. We calculated population-based rates of norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis and reviewed billing records to determine medical costs; these data were extrapolated to the U.S. population of children younger than 5 years of age.Norovirus was detected in 21% of young children (278 of 1295) seeking medical attention for acute gastroenteritis in 2009 and 2010, with norovirus detected in 22% (165 of 742) in 2009 and 20% (113 of 553) in 2010 (P=0.43). The virus was also detected in 4% of healthy controls (19 of 493) in 2009. Rotavirus was identified in 12% of children with acute gastroenteritis (152 of 1295) in 2009 and 2010. The respective rates of hospitalization, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits for the norovirus were 8.6, 146.7, and 367.7 per 10,000 children younger than 5 years of age in 2009 and 5.8, 134.3, and 260.1 per 10,000 in 2010, with an estimated cost per episode of $3,918, $435, and $151, respectively, in 2009. Nationally, we estimate that the average numbers of annual hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits due to norovirus infection in 2009 and 2010 among U.S. children in this age group exceeded 14,000, 281,000, and 627,000, respectively, with more than $273 million in treatment costs each year.Since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines, norovirus has become the leading cause of medically attended acute gastroenteritis in U.S. children and is associated with nearly 1 million health care visits annually. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
Medical examiners employed by health authorities should audit death certificates
Authors: G. Pledger
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Horner may be right that there is an impending crisis in recruiting medical referees to crematoria, but I disagree with his assertion that abandoning the present system would be hazardous.1 Presumably the hazard is failing to detect a homicide, but the Brodrick committee concluded in 1971 that “secret homicide has not been a significant danger at any time in the past 50 years.”2

After 10 …
AIDS drug trials attacked
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The design of clinical trials for AIDS drug treatments have been sharply criticised by an AIDS researcher.

Joep Lange, from the national AIDS therapy evaluation centre in Amsterdam, says that too often suboptimal drug treatments are still being used, both in the treatment of patients with AIDS and in clinical trials ( Science 1997;276:548-50). This is partly because regulatory requirements often dictate …
The Detection of Monkeypox in Humans in the Western Hemisphere
Authors: Kurt D. Reed, John W. Melski, Mary Beth Graham, Russell L. Regnery, Mark J. Sotir, Mark V. Wegner, James J. Kazmierczak, Erik J. Stratman, Yu Li, Janet A. Fairley, Geoffrey R. Swain, Victoria A. Olson, Elizabeth K. Sargent, Sue C. Kehl, Michael A. Frace, Richard Kline, Seth L. Foldy, Jeffrey P. Davis, Inger K. Damon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

During May and June 2003, an outbreak of febrile illness with vesiculopustular eruptions occurred among persons in the midwestern United States who had had contact with ill pet prairie dogs obtained through a common distributor. Zoonotic transmission of a bacterial or viral pathogen was suspected.We reviewed medical records, conducted interviews and examinations, and collected blood and tissue samples for analysis from 11 patients and one prairie dog. Histopathological and electron-microscopical examinations, microbiologic cultures, and molecular assays were performed to identify the etiologic agent.The initial Wisconsin cases evaluated in this outbreak occurred in five males and six females ranging in age from 3 to 43 years. All patients reported having direct contact with ill prairie dogs before experiencing a febrile illness with skin eruptions. We found immunohistochemical or ultrastructural evidence of poxvirus infection in skin-lesion tissue from four patients. Monkeypox virus was recovered in cell cultures of seven samples from patients and from the prairie dog. The virus was identified by detection of monkeypox-specific DNA sequences in tissues or isolates from six patients and the prairie dog. Epidemiologic investigation suggested that the prairie dogs had been exposed to at least one species of rodent recently imported into the United States from West Africa.Our investigation documents the isolation and identification of monkeypox virus from humans in the Western Hemisphere. Infection of humans was associated with direct contact with ill prairie dogs that were being kept or sold as pets.
First NHS trusts awarded foundation status
Authors: Stephen Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The first trusts in England to be awarded foundation status have been named, amid continuing concerns that the policy will worsen inequalities in the NHS.

The 10 trusts authorised by the body responsible for overseeing foundation trusts, the Independent Regulator of NHS Foundation Trusts, will still have to meet key national targets, but they will be able to exercise greater autonomy in areas such as setting local priorities and borrowing from commercial sources.

The successful NHS trusts are Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals, Bradford …
Testing of Skin Disinfectants
Authors: P. Story
Journal: BMJ (1952)

CORTISONE AND SKIN SENSITIVITY TO TUBERCULIN Im uRNL of cortisone daily by intramuscular injection.In eight of these skin sensitivity to tuberculin was detected at intervals ranging from 6 to 17 days after the first injec- tion of cortisone; in six the reaction produced by tuber- culin during the period of sensitivity persisted, with induration, up to 48 hours, and in two it consisted of erythema, evident at 24 hours but fading at 48 hours.In those patients tested repeatedly this sensitivity was transient, even though the cortisone was continued.In -nine patients normally not reacting to at least 100 T.U., intradermal injection of 1.25 mg.cortisone with a dose of tuberculin equal to the greatest to which the patient had previously failed to respond produced a reaction with induration and erythema persisting at least 48 hours in seven, and no response in two.In three patients normally sensitive to 100 T.U. or less, similar local administration of cortisone with tuber- culin inhibited the reaction produced by tuberculin alone.We are grateful to the house-physicians at Brompton Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital for their co-operation in these obser- vations.Part of the cortisone used was supplied by the Medical Research Council.
Relation of Skin Capillary Pressure in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus to Complications and Metabolic Control
Authors: Derek D. Sandeman, Angela C. Shore, John E. Tooke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Microvascular disease is a major problem in patients with diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested that diabetic microangiopathy may result from an increase in capillary blood flow and capillary hypertension, but direct evidence of capillary hypertension in such patients is lacking.We measured capillary pressure at the summit of the capillary loop by direct microcannulation of skin nail-fold capillaries and a dynamic method of pressure measurement in 29 patients with insulin-dependent (Type I) diabetes and 29 normal subjects matched for age and sex. Among the diabetic patients, 7 had had diabetes for less than one year, 12 had incipient nephropathy (albumin excretion, 20 to 200 micrograms per minute), and 10 had overt nephropathy (albumin excretion, greater than 200 micrograms per minute). In addition, seven patients with no evidence of nephropathy were studied before and after three months of improved glycemic control.The median capillary pressure in the diabetic patients was 20.4 mm Hg (range, 13.6 to 25.3), as compared with 16.7 mm Hg (range, 12.8 to 22.8; P less than 0.001) in the normal subjects. The values were higher in each subgroup of diabetic patients than in the corresponding group of normal subjects, but the values did not differ among the three subgroups of diabetic patients. In the seven patients who were studied before and after three months of improved glycemic control, the median capillary pressure fell from 20.0 mm Hg (range, 18.5 to 21.7) to 17.8 mm Hg (range, 14.1 to 20.3; P = 0.02).Nail-fold capillary hypertension may develop early in the course of diabetes, before the emergence of microvascular disease, and may be influenced by changes in metabolic control.
Intracellular Ca2+ and delay of ischemia-induced electrical uncoupling in preconditioned rabbit ventricular myocardium
Authors: L Dekker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Short periods of ischemia and reperfusion alter myocardial Ca2+ handling and temporarily induce a mild increase of [Ca2+]i. We hypothesized that these alterations are involved in the cardioprotective mechanism of ischemic preconditioning, possibly via a Ca(2+)-dependent activation of protein kinase C (PKC).In arterially perfused rabbit papillary muscles, we determined Ca2+ transients (indo 1) and indicators of the onset of irreversible ischemic damage, including [Ca2+]i rise, electrical uncoupling and contracture. We tested three protocols of ischemic preconditioning (1-3). In addition, the effects of infusion of staurosporine, a blocker of PKC (4), or glibenclamide, a blocker of K+ATP channels (5) were analyzed. Furthermore, pretreatment with phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of PKC (6), or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibitor of the SR Ca2+ pump (7) was tested. During periods of reperfusion in the preconditioning protocols, the duration of the Ca2+ transient and the diastolic Ca2+ level temporarily increased. Only if sustained ischemia was induced during these changes of the transients, cardioprotection was present. Similar alterations of the Ca2+ transient concurring with cardioprotection were induced by pretreatment with PMA as well as CPA. Staurosporine and glibenclamide antagonized the reperfusion-induced changes of the Ca2+ transients as well as cardioprotection. If reperfusion was extended until the Ca2+ transient had normalized, cardioprotection was also absent. Under all conditions tested, the diastolic Ca2+ elevation or the Ca2+ transient prolongation prior to sustained ischemia correlated with the postponement of ischemic injury.A pre-ischemic mild increase of [Ca2-]i presents a common effector of preconditioning. Our data suggest that activation of PKC or opening of K+ATP channels may initiate the pathway leading to an alteration of Ca2+ metabolism and a protected status of the myocardium.
Hospitals Get Safety Improvement Task List
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SOME OF THE WAYS IN WHICH X-RAYS ASSIST IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS.
Authors: FRANCIS H. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1899)

For satisfactory medical work with the X-rays, the first requisite is an efficient apparatus, the second, experience in examining a large number of cases. It is impracticable in so short a paper to describe and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the various forms of static machines and coils that have been used to excite vacuum tubes, but T present photographs of the static machine I have been using at the Boston City Hospital for some time past, which give in themselves a sufficient idea of the machine and of my method of examining patients. The patients are brought to the X-ray room on a stretcher, that fits wooden horses placed in front of the machine, so that they are spared all possible fatigue. This machine has four revolving plates, six feet in diameter, and four fixed plates, six feet four inches in diameter. In Europe they are using coils
Diuresis and syncope after renal angioplasty in a patient with one functioning kidney.
Authors: M Sutters, M A Al-Kutoubi, C J Mathias, S Peart
Journal: BMJ (1987)

virus and HIV we have formulated a policy to deal with it.In western Europe only 0-1-0-5% of the population are carriers of hepatitis B virus.Chronic carriage among intravenous drug abusers is much higher.The risk of acquiring infection with hepatitis B virus after injury from an infected needle ranges from 6% to 30%.' Infectivity depends on the concomitant presence of hepatitis B e antigen.2The prevalence of HIV in the general population is much lower than that of hepatitis B virus, but again drug abusers are an at risk group.Although the risk of acquiring infection with HIV after an injury from a needle with the virus is less than 1%,' it is not negligible.3Most hospital laboratories can test for or refer for testing for HBsAg and HIV antibodies, and results should be available within four hours.Although no treatment exists for infection with HIV, preventing infection with hepatitis B virus by immunisation is possible.For passive immunity to be successful hepatitis B immunoglobulin should be administered within 48 hours.4Its supply is limited at present, and it should therefore be reserved when possible for identified cases.Producing active immunity by hepatitis B vaccination is also an effective means of prevention, particularly when vaccine is given early.5We used both forms of immunisation.Similar problems should be dealt with as follows.The nature and time of the needlestick injury should be noted.Ifthe needle and syringe are available screening tests should be performed.If time permits no treatment is required until the results are known.If the results of screening are positive for hepatitis B virus, the needle and syringe are not available, or time does not permit the patient should be immunised against hepatitis B. Ifresults are positive for HIV the patient should be followed up, though no treatment can be offered.1 Centers for Disease Control.Recommendations for preventing transmission of HTLV III in the workplace.
Management of Bursitis
Authors: J. Drennan Lowell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE dictionary definition of "bursitis" limits one to discussion of inflammatory processes in bursas alone. In the lay mind this term also embraces certain traumatic and degenerative lesions involving tendons, tendon sheaths, ligaments and the several structures of joint capsules. In this latter, more inclusive sense the term is used here.Since the ability to deal with common afflictions of these structures has been dramatically improved in recent years with the addition of the anti-inflammatory agents, both steroid and nonsteroid, to the therapeutic armamentarium, a brief review of these several conditions and concepts in their management seems in order.Bursas . . .
Mechanism of action of phenethylbiguanide (phenformin) in man. III. Interrelationship between ethanol and phenethylbiguanide (PBG) in normal and diabetic subjects
Authors: Bernardo L. Wajchenberg, Alfredo Halpern, Carlos E. Leme, Antonio C. Lerário, Augusto A. Silveira, Pedro A.L. Fioratti, Fernando P. Cesar
Journal: Metabolism (1976)
Legislation Introduced to Set Higher Maternity Care Standards
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MicroRNA expression at diagnosis adds relevant prognostic information to molecular categorization in patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetic acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: M Díaz-Beyá, S Brunet, J Nomdedéu, R Tejero, T Díaz, M Pratcorona, M Tormo, J M Ribera, L Escoda, R Duarte, D Gallardo, I Heras, M P Queipo de Llano, J Bargay, M Monzo, J Sierra, A Navarro, J Esteve
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Type 2 Diabetes and Congenital Hyperinsulinism Cause DNA Double-Strand Breaks and p53 Activity in β Cells
Authors: Sharona Tornovsky-Babeay, Daniela Dadon, Oren Ziv, Elhanan Tzipilevich, Tehila Kadosh, Rachel Schyr-Ben Haroush, Ayat Hija, Miri Stolovich-Rain, Judith Furth-Lavi, Zvi Granot, Shay Porat, Louis H. Philipson, Kevan C. Herold, Tricia R. Bhatti, Charles Stanley, Frances M. Ashcroft, Peter In’t Veld, Ann Saada, Mark A. Magnuson, Benjamin Glaser, Yuval Dor
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)