tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Humoral and Cell‐Mediated Immune Responses to Fractions of Birch Pollen Extract
Authors: Markku Viander
Journal: Allergy (1980)

IgE and IgG antibodies (ab) and lymphocyte transformation (LT) were studied in untreated and hyposensitized birch pollen allergic subjects and in non‐atopic controls using whole extract and fractions obtained by gel filtration of birch pollen extract. All the allergic subjects had positive IgE ab, IgG ab and LT responses to the whole extract. Both the untreated and the hyposensitized subjects had peak IgE ab and LT responses against the allergenic fractions of the extract, while negative responses were obtained in the non‐atopic controls. Only hyposensitized subjects had developed high IgG ab responses to the allergenic fractions. Most of the treated and untreated subjects showed IgG ab and LT responses to the high molecular weight fractions with low allergenic activity. Significantly higher IgE ab responses to these fractions were observed in the treated subjects than in the untreated ones, indicating potentiation of IgE ab responses against some antigens during immunotherapy. Some of the allergic subjects also responded to the fractions of low molecular size (mol.wt. 2000‐5000) with low allergenic activity. Both IgE ab, IgG ab and LT responses to these fractions were observed.
Agency Under Stress: The Social Security Administration in American Government
Authors: Martha Derthick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Prize-winning author Martha Derthick draws on the recent experience of the Social Security Administration to examine the quality of policymaker's guidance and the feasibility of their policies. Derthick concludes that many structural features of American government hinder good administration, that policymakers lack concern for administration, and that they often miscalculate the administrative consequences of their policy choices. To illustrate this argument, Agency Under Stress analyzes two much-publicized cases of poor performance by one of the biggest and best established of U.S. government agencies, the Social Security Administration. The first case is that of the supplemental security income program to support needy blind, aged and disabled persons. Given responsibility of administering the program in 1974, the Social Security Administration was unequal to the task: many payments were made in error; many eligible persons were not paid; computer systems were not ready; field employees worked millions of hours of overtime; and other agency programs suffered. The second case is that of an eligibility review that Congress ordered the Social Security Administration to conduct for disability insurance recipients in the 1980s. The results were similarly traumatic: of over 1.2 million cases examined, 495,000 had benefits terminated, and, flooded with appeals, the courts ruled overwhelmingly against the agency. Derthick's analysis and conclusions have far-reaching implications for how the government can effectively serve its clients.
Splenic and Partial Hepatic Necrosis After Vascular Occlusion
Authors: NORMAN K. K. LEE, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, RICHARD P. SPENCER, ALISA S. SIEGFELD, RONALD J. ROSENBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 74-year-old woman underwent two operations to correct an aortoduodenal fistula and to have an axillofemoral bypass graft inserted; these required temporary vascular occlusion. Her hepatic function test results began deteriorating. Initial and follow-up Tc-99m sulfur colloid studies revealed activity in the kidneys, consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. There was significant radiocolloid in the bone marrow and lungs, suggesting severe hepatic dysfunction. The spleen was not demonstrable on dynamic images or static views. In addition, there was a significant lateral hepatic defect, with a "lung overlap." The splenic lack of function and the hepatic lesion were due to necrosis (demonstrable on CT imaging), likely related to the prior vascular clamping.
Intrathoracic spatial location of specified coronary segments on the normal human heart. Applications in quantitative arteriography, assessment of regional risk and contraction, and anatomic display.
Authors: J T Dodge, B G Brown, E L Bolson, H T Dodge
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The clinically important coronary segmental anatomy has been described in a format useful for quantitative analysis and standardized display. We have determined the intrathoracic location and course of each of the 23 coronary artery segments and branches commonly used for clinical description of disease. Measurements were averaged from perpendicular angiographic view-pairs in 37 patients with normal-sized hearts. Each segment or branch is described by several points along its course; each point is specified in polar coordinates as the radial distance from the principal coronary ostium and by angles about the patient, corresponding to those describing rotation in c-arm radiographic systems. This computer-assisted measurement method is accurate to within +/- 0.2 cm (SD) and +/- 2 degrees in phantom studies. Coronary segment location among a group of normal-sized hearts can be specified to within +/- 1.0 cm (SD). For example, the left anterior descending coronary artery segment at the apex of the heart is 12.2 +/- 1.0 cm from the left coronary ostium, 32 +/- 4 degrees to the left of the anterioposterior axis, and at 46 +/- 7 degrees of caudal angulation. There are several clinically important applications of this new knowledge. First, this anatomic format provides the basis for estimating regional myocardial contraction and the relative size of the myocardial region at risk from a given arterial occlusion. Second, precise knowledge of "normal" segment location greatly simplifies the computation of dimensional correction factors for quantitative arteriography. Third, viewing angles most appropriate for videodensitometric assessment of lesion lumen area may be computed from these data. The theoretical basis and numerical values needed for most of the above estimates are provided. Finally, a computer program has been written to generate a three-dimensional tree-branch vascular model from these anatomic locations. This easily used interactive program aids in teaching coronary angiographic anatomy and, of importance, permits selection of viewing angles that "best" visualize the traditionally difficult parts of the coronary tree.
Violence—Ubiquitous, Threatening, and Preventable
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1998)

1women, 2,3 older adults, 4 public health workers, 5 refugees, 6 and people who live in war zones. 7 The casualties and survivors are from industrialized and nonindustrialized nations, nations at peace and at war, and nations recovering from war. Some of the victims and survivors and perpetrators knew each other intimately, some were acquainted only by profession or by position in society, and some were not even aware of one another’s existence. The unifying themes of this issue of THE JOURNAL are that violence is ubiquitous, it takes many forms, and no one is immune from its effects. One response to the threat of violence is to threaten violence in self-defense. Self-defense is discussed in this issue in terms of interpersonal and international strategies. On the interpersonal level, Kleck 8 disagrees with Cummings and Koepsell 9
Tamoxifen With or Without Chemotherapy?
Authors: Smigel Kara
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Tamoxifen With or Without Chemotherapy? Get access Smigel Kara Smigel Kara Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 12, 20 June 1990, Pages 1003–1004, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.12.1003 Published: 20 June 1990
Study design and nature of diabetes may explain findings of Finnish study
Authors: N. Chaturvedi, J. H Fuller
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–Seppo V P Koskinen and colleagues show that the expected social class gradient in mortality is abolished in Finnish people with diabetes.1 They suggest that the most likely explanations are a lack of social class differences in health behaviours and an equitable health service. But it is difficult to see why Finnish people with diabetes adopt healthy lifestyles regardless of social class whereas non-diabetic Finnish people do not. Several studies indicate that the social class gradient …
PPAR : a dagger in the heart of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Grant D. Barish, Vihang A. Narkar, Ronald M. Evans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Obesity is a growing threat to global health by virtue of its association with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively known as the metabolic syndrome or syndrome X. The nuclear receptors PPARα and PPARγ are therapeutic targets for hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, respectively, and drugs that modulate these receptors are currently in clinical use. More recent work on the less-described PPAR isotype PPARδ has uncovered a dual benefit for both hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, highlighting the broad potential of PPARδ in the treatment of metabolic disease. PPARδ enhances fatty acid catabolism and energy uncoupling in adipose tissue and muscle, and it suppresses macrophage-derived inflammation. Its combined activities in these and other tissues make it a multifaceted therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome with the potential to control weight gain, enhance physical endurance, improve insulin sensitivity, and ameliorate atherosclerosis.
Screening for hemochromatosis in Turkey
Authors: Mehmet Bektas, Olga Metin, Ozlem Erkan, Ahmet Resat Turkyilmaz, Dicle Ibrahimoglu, Burcu Nas, Klara Dalva, Filiz Akbiyik, Mithat Bozdayi, Celal Akay, Ali Ozden, Cihan Yurdaydin, Onder Aslan, Ozden Uzunalimoglu, Hakan Bozkaya
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Towards new business models for R&amp;D for novel antibiotics
Authors: A.D. So, N. Gupta, S.K. Brahmachari, I. Chopra, B. Munos, C. Nathan, K. Outterson, J.P. Paccaud, D.J. Payne, R.W. Peeling, M. Spigelman, J. Weigelt
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2011)
955 MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE INJECTION INDUCES A NEW COMPREHENSIVE MODEL OF LIFESTYLE-RELATED NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE WITH NEOPLASTIC NODULES
Authors: Y. Nakanishi, K. Tsuneyama, M. Fujimoto, T.L. Salunga, K. Nomoto, J.L. An, Y. Takano, S. Iizuka, M. Nagata, W. Suzuki, T. Shimada, M. Aburada, M. Nakano, C. Selmi, M.E. Gershwin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Specific immunotherapy can greatly reduce the need for systemic steroids in allergic rhinitis
Authors: K. Aasbjerg, C. Torp‐Pedersen, V. Backer
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Worldwide, more than 400 million individuals have allergic rhinitis, which has a significant impact on the individual's general health. Most patients self‐medicate with over‐the‐counter drugs, but severe cases need treatment with topical corticosteroids and/or immunotherapy ( SCIT ). Although the ARIA guidelines discourage the use of systemic corticosteroids, this treatment is often used by general practitioners. Aims To investigate the use of systemic steroids to treat allergic rhinitis in Denmark and the role of SCIT as an alternative. Methods A retrospective study based on Danish National Registry databases 1995–2009. Steroid use was defined as a minimum of one steroid injection during April–July for at least three consecutive years. SCIT treatment against grass (Phleum pratense), birch (Betula verrucosa) or both was included. Results Overall, 39 173 individuals were treated with either SCIT or steroids; 93.1% received only steroids, and 6.9% received SCIT and/or steroids. The steroid‐to‐ SCIT ratio was 14 : 1 ( P &lt; 0.0001). The mean annual steroid injections were 1.6 in the steroid‐only group and 1.0 in the SCIT group ( P &lt; 0.0001). Of the SCIT ‐treated individuals, 84% did not need steroids after SCIT treatment ( P &lt; 0.0001). The hazard ratios of receiving steroids after SCIT against grass, birch or both were 0.65, 0.83 and 0.72, respectively ( P &lt; 0.0001), when compared with the steroids‐only group. The maximum hazard reduction was obtained if patients responded well to SCIT treatment after one to 3 years. Conclusions Systemic steroid injections are still widely used to treat pollen allergy. Specific immunotherapy can greatly reduce the need for steroids.
Coronary angiographic examination with the dynamic spatial reconstructor.
Authors: M Block, A A Bove, E L Ritman
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The dynamic spatial reconstructor (DSR), a high temporal resolution, three-dimensional roentgenographic, computed tomography scanner, was used to scan the coronary arteries of five dogs. After one injection of contrast medium into the left main coronary artery or into the aortic root of each dog, all major epicardial coronary arteries and the septal artery could be imaged. After selective removal of all nonangiographically enhanced anatomical structures within the three-dimensional images, pseudo three-dimensional displays were generated to show the arteries from all possible views--even the strictly cranial view--so that superposition of arteries could be avoided. The geometric accuracy of the images was evaluated by comparing coronary arterial segment length measured by the DSR with postmortem measurements (r = .99, SEE = 3.12 mm, n = 35) and by measuring the stenosis produced by nine hollow plastic cylinders lodged in coronary arterial lumina via percutaneous catheterization. Three of the plugs had irregular noncircular lumina drilled into them so that the percentage of stenosis seen in some projection images underestimated the severity of stenosis. The DSR overestimated the length of a 3 mm long stenosis by 0.4 +/- 0.5 mm. The percent area reduction caused by the hollow cylinders varied between 53% and 92% and was underestimated by the DSR on the average by 7%. The correlation between DSR measurements and the direct measurements was r = .85 (SEE = 5%, n = 9). The volume of plastic in each plug (average 13.2 mm3), calculated from the length, cross-sectional area, and degree of the stenosis, showed a better correlation (r = .90, SEE = 2 mm3) with the actual plastic volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Risk Factors for Persistent Middle-Ear Effusions-Reply
Authors: Michael J. Kraemer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letter by Rogers et al details their objections to our analysis of the risk factors for persistent middle ear effusions. They claim that because household cigarette smoke exposure and an atopic history seem to be strongly related to nasal congestion, which in turn is strongly related to PMEE, the apparent associations of PMEE with cigarette smoke exposures and atopy are only artifactual. They support their assertion by noting that, when the data from Table 2 are adjusted for the presence of nasal congestion, there is then no difference in the proportion of cases and controls who were atopic or exposed to cigarette smoke. However, we believe that it is<i>inappropriate</i>to control for nasal congestion when assessing the risk for PMEE associated with exposures to household cigarette smoke and with atopy. This is because of our feeling that nasal congestion should not be considered as a confounder
Clinical and Pathological Features and Laboratory Confirmation of Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease in a Recipient of Pituitary-Derived Human Growth Hormone
Authors: Gibbs Cj, Joy A, Heffner R, Franko M, Miyazaki M, Asher Dm, Parisi Je, Brown Pw, Gajdusek Dc
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Medical Intelligence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Clinical and Pathological Features and Laboratory Confirmation of Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease in a Recipient of Pituitary-Derived Human Growth Hormone
Evaluation of colloidal bismuth (De-Nol) in the treatment of duodenal ulcer employing endoscopic selection and follow up
Authors: P. R. Salmon, P. Brown, R. Williams, A. E. Read
Journal: Gut (1974)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of colloidal bismuth (De-Nol) was performed on 20 patients with active duodenal ulceration employing endoscopic selection and follow up after a treatment period of 28 days. By these means it was shown that healing of ulcers was significant in those patients treated with the active compound. In addition a greater number (9/10) of patients treated with colloidal bismuth showed symptomatic improvement than those receiving placebo (6/10) but this difference did not reach statistical significance. The results of endoscopic and symptomatic assessment of the patients receiving colloidal bismuth were in complete agreement although there was a poor correlation between these results in those receiving the placebo. This supports the results from a previous study that endoscopic assessment of duodenal ulcer healing provides a more objective assessment than do clinical methods.
Endosonography for Preoperative Locoregional Staging of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer
Authors: H. Grimm, K. F. Binmoeller, K. Hamper, J. Koch, D. Henne-Bruns, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

To assess the accuracy and limitations of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the preoperative staging of esophageal and gastric carcinoma, we performed a prospective controlled study over a five year period. Data from 63 patients with esophageal cancer and 147 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery were available for comparison of the endosonographic TNM classification to the histopathological findings of the resected specimens. The overall accuracy of EUS in the assessment of tumor infiltration depth was 85.7 % and 78 % in esophageal and gastric cancer, respectively. The sensitivity of EUS in the detection of regional lymph node metastases was 90 % in esophageal and 87 % in gastric carcinoma. The most frequent causes of misdiagnoses by endosonography were microscopic tumor invasion and peritumorous inflammatory changes. The inability to traverse a tumor stenosis restricted the endosonographic evaluation in 31.6 and 14 % of the cases with esophageal and gastric cancer, respectively.
Advanced Glycation End-Products: A Biological Consequence of Lifestyle Contributing to Cancer Disparity
Authors: David P. Turner
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Low income, poor diet, obesity, and a lack of exercise are interrelated lifestyle factors that can profoundly alter our biologic make up to increase cancer risk, growth, and development. We recently reported a potential mechanistic link between carbohydrate-derived metabolites and cancer, which may provide a biologic consequence of lifestyle that can directly affect tumor biology. Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) are reactive metabolites produced as a by-product of sugar metabolism. Failure to remove these highly reactive metabolites can lead to protein damage, aberrant cell signaling, increased stress responses, and decreased genetic fidelity. Critically, AGE accumulation is also directly affected by our lifestyle choices and shows a race-specific, tumor-dependent pattern of accumulation in cancer patients. This review will discuss the contribution of AGEs to the cancer phenotype, with a particular emphasis on their biologic links with the socioeconomic and environmental risk factors that drive cancer disparity. Given the potential benefits of lifestyle changes and the potential biologic role of AGEs in promoting cancer, opportunities exist for collaborations affecting basic, translational, epidemiologic, and cancer prevention initiatives.
Effectiveness and security of mycophenolate mofetil as monotherapy in liver transplantation
Authors: J.M. Moreno Planas, E. Rubio, J. Lopez-Monclus, A. Gomez, A. Herreros, J. Revilla, E. Navarrete, V. Sanchez, V. Cuervas-Mons
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Identification of the principal T lymphocyte-stimulating antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Authors: M J Parmely, B H Iglewski, R T Horvat
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

To aid in understanding the role of cellular immunity in limiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, we have identified some of the principal antigens of the organism that are recognized by human T cells. Clones of T cells were selected in such a manner that they would provide information not only about the identity of Pseudomonas antigens, but also the T cell repertoires of immune donors. Most clones were found to be specific for Pseudomonas alkaline protease (AP). Such clones could be physically isolated by selecting with crude Pseudomonas antigens or purified AP. In either case, their fine specificities were the same when tested against a panel of Pseudomonas antigens. The conclusion that AP is the principal immunogen for many donors was confirmed by measuring the absolute frequencies of proliferating T cells committed to AP and all other Pseudomonas antigens. Frequencies of AP-specific clones (1.5-2.7 X 10(-5] were comparable to those from the same donors that were specific for all secreted Pseudomonas antigens (1.3-6.0 X 10(-5]. These results provide a model system for studying human T cell-mediated immunity to bacteria by identifying discrete antigens and measuring the repertoire diversities of cells responding to them.
Protein typing of circulating microvesicles allows real-time monitoring of glioblastoma therapy
Authors: Huilin Shao, Jaehoon Chung, Leonora Balaj, Alain Charest, Darell D Bigner, Bob S Carter, Fred H Hochberg, Xandra O Breakefield, Ralph Weissleder, Hakho Lee
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Endogenous plasminogen activators mediate progressive intracerebral hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Nuha Hijazi, Rami Abu Fanne, Rinat Abramovitch, Serge Yarovoi, Muhamed Higazi, Suhair Abdeen, Maamon Basheer, Emad Maraga, Douglas B. Cines, Abd Al-Roof Higazi
Journal: Blood (2015)
Oyster-Associated Hepatitis
Authors: T. R. Ingham
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Portnoy et al (233:1065, 1975) is timely and provocative. We disagree with the titled conclusion, however, that this is a failure of the shellfish certification program. It was the success of the shellfish certification program that permitted this well-done epidemiological study. We strongly suspect the premise that the contaminated oysters came from certified beds. This suspicion is being currently reevaluated by concerned health agencies. The ways of bootleggers are wily. The real problem is not failure of shellfish certification programs, but rather, failure to prevent human sewage outflows over growing areas. Fortunately, in the northwestern part of the United States, our waters continue to be clean. We have had no recorded epidemics or major illness from oyster meats produced here, for over 80 years. Coliform counts for oyster purity can be misleading. Winter rain runoff from our forested areas will increase coliform counts because