tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Soluble P-Selectin and the Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Paul M. Ridker, Julie E. Buring, Nader Rifai
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —P-selectin, a cell-surface adhesion molecule involved in leukocyte rolling and attachment, has been hypothesized to play a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. However, little clinical data are available evaluating the role of soluble P-selectin in determining vascular risk. Methods and Results —In a large-scale prospective study of apparently healthy women, we measured baseline plasma concentration of soluble P-selectin among 115 participants who subsequently developed cardiovascular events and among 230 age- and smoking-matched participants who remained free of disease during 3.5 years of follow-up. Overall, mean levels of soluble P-selectin were significantly higher at baseline among women who subsequently experienced cardiovascular events compared with those who did not (83.2 versus 69.3 ng/mL; P =0.003). The risk of future cardiovascular events increased with increasing quartiles of soluble P-selectin ( P =0.02), such that women in the highest quartile at study entry had an age- and smoking-matched relative risk 2.2 times higher than those in the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.2; P =0.01). This effect was independent of traditional risk factors. For each quartile increase in soluble P-selectin, the risk of future cardiovascular events increased 28% ( P =0.03) after additional adjustment for obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and exercise frequency. The highest risks were observed among women with the very highest levels of P-selectin (&gt;137.3 ng/mL, the 95th percentile cut point of the control distribution). Conclusions —Soluble P-selectin levels are elevated among apparently healthy women at risk for future vascular events.
Production of platelet-derived growth factorlike protein by rat mesangial cells in culture.
Authors: H E Abboud, E Poptic, P DiCorleto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Rat mesangial cells (MC) release a factor that competes in a dose-dependent manner with 125I-labeled platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for binding to human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). The competitor activity in mesangial cell conditioned medium (MCCM) is reversible, trypsin sensitive, and inhibited by anti-PDGF IgG. MCCM also expresses potent mitogenic activity to HFF. Anti-PDGF IgG, in concentrations that completely abolished the mitogenic activity of pure PDGF and the competitor activity of MCCM, only partially (33-41%) inhibits this mitogenic activity. The PDGF receptor competing activity as well as the total mitogenic activity, coelutes with labeled pure PDGF on Sephacryl S-200 gel chromatography. Cation exchange chromatography of concentrated MCCM yields a major mitogen peak with little competitor activity and a smaller mitogenic peak with comparable competitor activity, suggestive of the presence of other mitogens in MCCM besides the PDGF-like protein. PDGF is a potent mitogen and may play a role at inflammatory sites. The production of PDGF-like protein by MC may provide insights for understanding the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases.
Altered Complexity and Correlation Properties of R-R Interval Dynamics Before the Spontaneous Onset of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Saila Vikman, Timo H. Mäkikallio, Sinikka Yli-Mäyry, Sirkku Pikkujämsä, Anna-Maija Koivisto, Pekka Reinikainen, K. E. Juhani Airaksinen, Heikki V. Huikuri
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Trigger mechanisms for the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients without structural heart disease are not well established. New analysis methods of heart rate (HR) variability based on nonlinear system theory may reveal features and abnormalities in R-R interval behavior that are not detectable by traditional analysis methods. The purpose of this study was to reveal possible alterations in the dynamics of R-R intervals before the spontaneous onset of paroxysmal AF.Traditional time and frequency domain HR variability indices, along with the short-term scaling exponent alpha(1) and approximate entropy (ApEn), were analyzed in 20-minute intervals before 92 episodes of spontaneous, paroxysmal AF in 22 patients without structural heart disease. Traditional HR variability measures showed no significant changes before the onset of AF. A progressive decrease occurred both in ApEn (1.09+/-0.26 120 to 100 minutes before AF; 0.88+/-0.24 20 to 0 minutes before AF; P<0.001) and in alpha(1) (1.01+/-0.28 120 to 100 minutes before AF, 0.89+/-0.28 20 to 0 minutes before AF; P<0.05) before the AF episodes. Both ApEn (0. 89+/-0.27 versus 1.02+/-0.30; P<0.05) and alpha(1) (0.91+/-0.28 versus 1.27+/-0.21; P<0.001) were also lower before the onset of AF compared with values obtained from matched healthy control subjects.A decrease in the complexity of R-R intervals and altered fractal properties in short-term R-R interval dynamics precede the spontaneous onset of AF in patients with no structural heart disease. Further studies are needed to determine the physiological correlates of these new, nonlinear HR variability measures.
Lymphocyte Surface Immunoglobulins
Authors: Willy F. Piessens, Peter H. Schur, William C. Moloney, Winthrop H. Churchill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The frequency and distribution of surface immunoglobulins, a B-cell marker, were studied on peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal controls and patients with infectious mononucleosis, chronic lymphatic leukemia, and lymphosarcoma. IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE determinants were demonstrated on lymphocytes from normal donors. In infectious mononucleosis there was a transient increase of surface IgM early in the disease. When these patients were retested several months later, the percentage of lymphocytes with surface IgM had reverted to the normal range. Chronic lymphatic leukemia and lymphosarcoma could be divided into two groups: one with no detectable surface Ig on their lymphocytes; and another with increased numbers of lymphocytes with surface Ig. There was no correlation between surface and serum immunoglobulins. The absence of surface Ig in lymphosarcoma correlated with nonprogressive disease restricted to lymph nodes. These findings suggest that some forms of chronic lymphatic leukemia and lymphosarcoma may be B-cell diseases whereas other forms could be T-cell diseases.
Control of Scarlet Fever
Authors: W. R. F. Collis
Journal: BMJ (1937)

of microphthalmic type.It is unprofitable to spectulate as to the additional influences that determine such big differ- ences in the mentality of affected persons.They are perhaps unlikely to be genetic, in view of the wide range of the effects and in view of the occurrence of very different mentalities in affected persons in the same sibship.It may be more reasonable to conclude that the organism during critical stages of its developnment is for genetic reasons abnormally sensitive to non-genetic influences and that these, entirely trivial in the case of normal persons, are on occasion capable of modifying the development of the brain and so of profoundly affecting its ultimate structure.Summary 1.A family group is described in which microphthalmia is inherited as a sex-linked recessive condition.2. The appearance of the eyes in six affected persons shows much variation.3. The blind males may be of normal mentality or may exhibit any grade of mental deficiency from feeble- mindedness to profound idiocy.There is no mental deficiency in the family group apart from the blindness.I am greatly indebted to Mr. A. E. Iles, consulting ophthal- mologist to Stoke Park Colony, for the description given above of the eyes of the two patients at that institution (Dli 21, 22) and for his advice on the examination of the other blind persons and on the preparation of this paper.
Duodenocolic Fistula: An Unusual Sequela of Stent Migration
Authors: K A Pathak, L J de Souza
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Approximately 15 % of pancreatic head cancers are resectable at the time of presentation [1]. In the remaining patients, successful palliation is the only realistic goal, for achieving a comfortable survival [2]. Although endoscopic stenting to relieve biliary obstruction is an attractive option, with a high success rate, and relatively lower procedural morbidity and shorter hospital stay [3], it has its own complications. A restriction of stent mobility in the duodenum, as in the case of a tumor, may result in pressure necrosis of the duodenal wall, causing perforation [4]. Stent-related duodenocolic fistula usually presents with hepatobiliary sepsis, secondary to colonization of the stent and biliary tree with colonic flora [5]. We present an unusual and interesting case of silent duodenocolic fistula resulting from stent migration.
IODIN USED HYPODERMICALLY IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: ALFRED CARENO CROFTAN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The action of iodin on the healthy body has been exhaustively studied; ideal conditions, we may say, were naturally created for such investigation. It seems that the water, soil and air, and consequently the flora of Geneva, Switzerland, are singularly free from iodin; the inhabitants of that region, therefore, constitute a virgin soil for the drug and display a remarkable susceptibility to its action. Coindet, of Geneva, first described the physiologic effects of the drug; he was led to his studies on iodin while investigating the curative effects of sponge-preparations on goiter—bronchocele—which occurs with such frequency in Geneva; he suspected that iodin was the active remedial principle in the sponge and the other marine products that had for generations been successfully employed for the cure of this affliction. Rilliet, also of Geneva, continued these investigations and in a remarkable "Memoir" presented to the French Academy of Medicine, in 1860, first
Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Monitoring Prophylactic Endoscopic Treatment of High Risk Esophageal Varices
Authors: H. Imazu, T. Matsui, R. Noguchi, K. Asada, Y. Miyamoto, M. Kawata, M. Nakayama, N. Matsuo, M. Matsumura, H. Fukui
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) are used worldwide as the treatment for esophageal varices. We evaluated portal hemodynamics using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in these two forms of treatment.The study was carried out in 50 cirrhotic patients. MRA was performed to identify the hepatofugal supply vein selectively for esophageal varices. Those who showed a positive MR angiogram for the supply vein were randomly allocated to one of two groups, using the sealed envelope method, and underwent either EIS or EVL. On the other hand, those with a negative angiogram received only EVL. EIS was done to embolize esophageal varices as well as their feeders by intravariceal injection of sclerosant under fluoroscopic guidance.A positive MR angiogram of the hepatofugal left gastric vein as the supply vein was observed in 41 patients. Nine patients showed negative MRA results. Among those with positive angiograms, the rate of eradication of the left gastric vein was higher in the EIS-treated group than in the EVL treated group (50% vs. 8.6%). After either treatment, the recurrence-free rate for high risk esophageal varices was higher in patients with complete eradication of the left gastric vein than in those without (88% vs. 35%). In patients with negative angiogram results, who only underwent EVL, high risk esophageal varices did not reappear over a long period.MRA is useful for evaluating portal hemodynamics. With the aim of avoiding recurrence of esophageal varices, EIS was suitable for patients who had a hepatofugal supply vein for the varices because recurrence could be prevented by embolization of the supply vein. EVL may be expected to be efficacious in patients where no image of a hepatofugal supply vein is found on MRA.
Effects of training and competition on the salivary cortisol concentrations of weightlifters
Authors: B T Crewther, T Heke, J W L Keogh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Cortisol (C) plays an important training role by regulating the availability of metabolic resources and by also controlling long-term changes in protein metabolism. The secretion of C is sensitive to the stressors of exercise, training and competition, which may subsequently influence athlete performance and adaptation. Little research has examined the effects of training and competition on the C concentrations of weightlifters. The aim was to examine the effects of training and competition on the salivary C (Sal-C) concentrations of weightlifters. Five male and four female Olympic weightlifters were monitored across a 5-week period before a major competition. Participants provided saliva samples across 10 workouts to assess the weekly effects of heavy (≥200 sets) and light (≤100 sets) training volume on Sal-C concentrations. During this period, the Sal-C concentrations and one repetition maximum (1RM) lifts for the snatch, clean and jerk, and the Olympic total, were also compared across two simulated and two actual competitions. The competition data were pooled for analysis. The actual competitions produced higher (128%-130%) Sal-C concentrations (p&lt;0.001) and superior (1.9%-2.6%) 1RM lifts for the clean and jerk, and the Olympic total, compared with the simulated competitions (p&lt;0.05). Individual Sal-C concentrations before the simulated competitions were positively correlated to all the 1RM lifts (r=0.48-0.49, p&lt;0.05). There were no significant changes in Sal-C concentrations with training. Our data suggest that higher C concentrations may benefit the 1RM lifts of Olympic weightlifters during actual (v. simulated) competitions. On an individual level, a positive trend was also noted between C concentrations and the 1RM lifts during the simulated competitions.
On the Minimal Risk Threshold in Research With Children
Authors: Ariella Binik
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

AbstractTo protect children in research, procedures that are not administered in the medical interests of a child must be restricted. The risk threshold for these procedures is generally measured according to the concept of minimal risk. Minimal risk is often defined according to the risks of "daily life." But it is not clear whose daily life should serve as the baseline; that is, it is not clear to whom minimal risk should refer. Commentators in research ethics often argue that "minimal risk" should refer to healthy children or the subjects of the research. I argue that neither of these interpretations is successful. I propose a new interpretation in which minimal risk refers to children who are not unduly burdened by their daily lives. I argue that children are not unduly burdened when they fare well, and I defend a substantive goods account of children's welfare.Keywords:: research ethicsrisk/benefit analysispediatricsphilosophy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThank you to Charles Weijer, Anthony Skelton, Carolyn McLeod, and Maureen Kelley for valuable suggestions on earlier drafts of this article. ▪Notes1 . For another argument against variable treatment, see IOM (2004, 122).2 . One possible response to this objection is to follow the National Commission's recommendation to limit risks to a minor increase over the risks of the daily lives of healthy children. In this way, higher risks may be permissible for some children who are familiar with similar risks as the result of their medical condition, but the permissible risks would be more carefully constrained. That is, permissible risks might be higher than those faced by a healthy child, but only by a minor increment higher, which would help to protect against heavy research burdens. But this response will not help determine to whom minimal risk should refer. That is, it will not explain whose daily life is morally relevant. It is subject to one of the same problems as the healthy child interpretation. It is not clear what is morally relevant about the daily risks of healthy children such that the risks of nontherapeutic procedures should be constrained to a small increment more.3 . Robert Nozick's (1974) example of the experience machine offers an influential challenge to hedonism in general (rather than as a theory of welfare for children alone).4 . It bears mentioning that the current leading interpretations also offer inadequate practical guidance. No information is offered concerning what it means to be healthy and no criteria are offered about how to measure whether a child is normal, average, or lives in a safe environment.5 . This analysis leaves open questions about which system for risk assessment system—for example, the U.S. DHHS regulations, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), component analysis, or the net risks tests—is best equipped to assess risks in research with children.Additional informationFundingAriella Binik's research is supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
Effect of Platelet Antigen Polymorphism on Platelet Inhibition by Aspirin, Clopidogrel, or Their Combination
Authors: Glen E. Cooke, Yiwen Liu-Stratton, Amy K. Ferketich, Melvin L. Moeschberger, David J. Frid, Raymond D. Magorien, Paul F. Bray, Philip F. Binkley, Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Splenic Transplantation for Hemophilia.
Authors: Herbert S. Sise
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Splenic Transplantation for Hemophilia.Herbert S. Sise, M.D., F.A.C.P., Victor H. Covelli, M.D., John C. Norman, M.D.Herbert S. Sise, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Victor H. Covelli, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John C. Norman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1172_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPerfusion of human and porcine spleens ex vivo with various types of priming volumes has confirmed that the spleen is a major potential source of antihemophilic factor (AHF). The response of the spleen is dependent on a trophic factor in the plasma of patients with hemophilia. Thus, normal autologous, homologous, or heterologous blood primes did not evoke a rise in the level of AHF in the perfusing volume. Bloods from hemophilic patients and two bloods from subjects whose AHF levels were falling caused a progressive increase in the level of AHF in the perfusate over the course of the 4-hr... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Herbert S. Sise, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Victor H. Covelli, M.D.; John C. Norman, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1172-1172KeywordsBloodBlood plasmaBlood volumeHemophiliaSpleenTransplantation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Treatment with interferon(s) of community-acquired chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis type C
Authors: A. Alberti, L. Chemello, P. Bonetti, C. Casarin, G. Diodati, L. Cavalletto, D. Cavalletto, M. Frezza, C. Donada, F. Belussi, P. Casarin, G. Pozzato, A. Ruol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
Perinatal Exposure to Low Levels of the Environmental Antiandrogen Vinclozolin Alters Sex-Differentiated Social Play and Sexual Behaviors in the Rat
Authors: Nathan K.W. Colbert, Nicole C. Pelletier, Joyce M. Cote, John B. Concannon, Nicole A. Jurdak, Sara B. Minott, Vincent P. Markowski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In this study we examined the effects of exposure to the antiandrogenic fungicide vinclozolin (Vz) on the development of two sex-differentiated behaviors that are organized by the perinatal actions of androgens. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were administered a daily oral dose of 0, 1.5, 3, 6, or 12 mg/kg Vz from the 14th day of gestation through postnatal day (PND)3. The social play behavior of juvenile offspring was examined on PND22 and again on PND34 during play sessions with a same-sex littermate. After they reached adulthood, the male offspring were examined with the ex copula penile reflex procedure to assess erectile function. Vz did not produce any gross maternal or neonatal toxicity, nor did it reduce the anogenital distance in male pups. We observed no effects of Vz on play behavior on PND22. However, the 12-mg/kg Vz dose significantly increased play behavior in the male offspring on PND34 compared with controls. The most dramatic increases were seen with the nape contact and pounce behavior components of play. The Vz effect was more pronounced in male than in female offspring. As adults, male offspring showed a significant reduction of erections at all dose levels during the ex copula penile reflex tests. The 12-mg/kg dose was also associated with an increase in seminal emissions. These effects demonstrate that perinatal Vz disrupts the development of androgen-mediated behavioral functions at exposure levels that do not produce obvious structural changes or weight reductions in androgen-sensitive reproductive organs.
HAEMOPHILIA IN THE FEMALE
Authors: M. Warde
Journal: BMJ (1923)

HAEMOPHILIA IN THE FEMALE [XD^AoJ= 599 -Three dakys later-vomiting occurred and persisted for twenty-four hours.The lochia were offensive, although there was no uterine tenderness.Coliform bacilli and streptococci were isolated from a -aginal swab and a vaccine was prepared.A low prressure anti- septic vaginal douche was given daily.Ergotin wat given hypodermically and iron and arsenic were administered by the.mouth;
Review: Long-acting β-agonists do not increase risk for asthma-related hospitalization in patients taking inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Shirin Shafazand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Jaeschke R, O’Byrne PM, Mejza F, et al. The safety of long-acting beta-agonists among patients with asthma using inhaled corticosteroids: systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178:1009-16. 18776152