tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF INFANTILE PARALYSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: G. R. Girdlestone
Journal: BMJ (1922)

reluctance to any form of ante-partutm examination.When it-was urged by tlhe-doctor they were very, apt to.accuse him ^of going -out--ot his -.way to gain -fees.-On-account of-this- prejudice itwas a very difficult matter for the general practitioner to carry out these recommendations.
Are proximal colorectal cancers always associated with distal adenomas?
Authors: A J M Watson
Journal: Gut (2003)

Only half of proximal colon cancers are associated with adenomas in the distal colon. This has important implications for the selection of the initial investigation for colorectal cancer screening

Of all the common cancers, colorectal cancer is the best suited to prevention through screening as it is derived from benign adenomas which can be easily detected and removed. The best screening investigation remains much debated. Many argue that colonoscopy is superior to other techniques because it has the highest sensitivity (>90%) and examines the whole colon.1 However, it has a number of important disadvantages. Firstly, it is potentially dangerous. Perforation rates of 1 in 1000–1 in 20 000 have been found in large studies from the USA and Germany.2,3 Colonoscopy is also expensive and requires highly skilled operators who are in short supply.4 For these reasons investigators have sought a screening strategy that reduces the number of colonoscopies undertaken. A study from St Mark’s Hospital of the long term risk of colorectal cancer in patients with rectosigmoid adenomas found that 88% of cancers developed …
Allergen Exposure of Mouse Airways Evokes Remodeling of both Bronchi and Large Pulmonary Vessels
Authors: Kristina Rydell Törmänen, Lena Uller, Carl G. A. Persson, Jonas S. Erjefält
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Remodeling of airway structures is a well-documented feature of allergic airway inflammation. To investigate whether bronchial remodeling is associated with remodeling of adjacent pulmonary vessels, sensitized mice were subjected to repeated ovalbumin inhalations, and bronchi and pulmonary vessels were subjected to histologic analysis. Allergen challenges induced peribronchial as well as perivascular eosinophilia. Remodeling of systemic airway microcirculation, as studied in tracheal whole-mount preparations, revealed an allergen-induced increase in both the diameter and length of the airway microvessels. Immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin disclosed an increase in smooth muscle mass in both bronchi and large pulmonary vessels. Both bronchi and pulmonary vessels also displayed increased expression of procollagen I and procollagen III. Staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen revealed increased proliferation of bronchial epithelial and smooth muscle cells as well as pulmonary vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We conclude that central features of remodeling that take place in allergen-exposed airways are present also in the pulmonary vessels. The significance of this finding with respect to occurrence in disease, pathophysiologic importance, and involved mechanisms warrants further investigation.
Hepatic lidocaine metabolism and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis
Authors: Mitchell L. Shiffman, Velimir A. Luketic, Arun J. Sanyal, Frederick P. Duckworth, Preston P. Purdum, Melissa J. Contos, Scott A. Mills, Leslie E. Edinboro, Alphonse Poklis
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Recent advances in the medical and surgical treatment of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis have made it increasingly important to develop noninvasive tests of liver function. Our study has evaluated the hepatic conversion of lidocaine to its primary metabolite monoethylglycinexylodide and compared this with liver histological findings in 225 patients with chronic hepatitis (161 with hepatitis C, 23 with hepatitis B, 21 with autoimmune hepatitis and 20 with cryptogenic hepatitis). One hundred seven (47.7%) patients had cirrhosis at the time of evaluation. A decline in monoethylglycinexylodide production was observed with worsening liver histological conditions from a mean of 81.5 +/- 7.0 ng/ml in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis to 61.2 +/- 5.5 ng/ml for chronic active hepatitis and 20.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml in patients with cirrhosis (p < 0.05). A further stepwise decline in monoethylglycine xylodide production was observed with worsening Child class: from 25.5 +/- 2.2 ng/ml for class A patients to 8.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml for patients with Child class C disease (p < 0.05). All patients with monoethylglycinexylodide production less than 20 ng/ml had cirrhosis confirmed on histological examination. In contrast, no relationship was observed between liver histological status and serum transaminases (AST or ALT), bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin time. Thirty-five patients underwent repeat histological evaluation and monoethylglycinexylodide testing after receiving at least 6 mo treatment for chronic hepatitis (interferon for hepatitis B and C and corticosteroids for autoimmune hepatitis). The change in monoethylglycinexylodide production observed in these patients was a linear function of the change in Knodell histological index (r = 0.73, p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chronotropic incompetence, beta‐blockers, and functional capacity in advanced congestive heart failure: Time to pace?
Authors: Ulrich P. Jorde, Timothy J. Vittorio, Michael E. Kasper, Emma Arezzi, Paolo C. Colombo, Rochelle L. Goldsmith, Kartikya Ahuja, Chi‐Hong Tseng, Francois Haas, David S. Hirsh
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Interobserver agreement and accuracy of preoperative endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy for histological grading of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Alberto Larghi, Loredana Correale, Riccardo Ricci, Ihab Abdulkader, Geneviève Monges, Julio Iglesias-Garcia, Marc Giovannini, Fabia Attili, Giovanna Vitale, Cesare Hassan, Guido Costamagna, Guido Rindi
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Poorly differentiated/high grade pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with an early unfavorable outcome, and patients with these tumors may be candidates for neo-adjuvant treatment. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) may, in theory, allow preoperative assessment of PDAC histological grading. The aim of the current study was to assess the interobserver agreement and accuracy of preoperative PDAC grading from EUS-FNB specimens.Data from 42 postsurgical PDAC patients who had undergone preoperative EUS-FNB were retrieved. Four experienced pathologists independently reviewed the EUS-FNB slides and reported tumor grading (well, moderately, or poorly differentiated). Agreement among pathologists for grading of preoperative EUS-FNB samples was expressed by using Cohen's or Fleiss' kappa statistic, as appropriate. Postsurgical PDAC grading was used as the gold standard to assess the cumulative accuracy of EUS-FNB for the preoperative prediction of PDAC grading.The kappa values for PDAC grading on EUS-FNB specimens ranged from 0.09 to 0.41. The total agreement among the four pathologists was only fair (κ = 0.27; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.14 - 0.38). When tumor grades were grouped as well or moderately differentiated vs. poorly differentiated, kappa values ranged from 0.19 to 0.50, with only a fair overall agreement (κ = 0.27; 95 %CI 0.21 - 0.49). The accuracy of preoperative grading from EUS-FNB was 56 % (75/134 readings; 95 %CI 40 % - 65 %), with mean sensitivity and specificity to detect a high grade, poorly differentiated tumor of 41 % (95 %CI 19 % - 54 %) and 78 % (53/68 readings; 95 %CI 60 % - 99 %), respectively.Preoperative EUS-FNB-based histological grading of PDAC is unreliable, and current results do not support the use of this information in clinical practice. This appears to be due to suboptimal interobserver agreement among pathologists and an overall low accuracy in predicting postsurgical grading.
Chemotherapy-Induced miRNA-29c/Catenin-δ Signaling Suppresses Metastasis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yuxuan Wang, Changzheng Liu, Min Luo, Zhengyi Zhang, Jianan Gong, Jingjing Li, Lei You, Lei Dong, Rui Su, Haishuang Lin, Yanni Ma, Fang Wang, Yi Wang, Jie Chen, Junwu Zhang, Hongyan Jia, Yan Kong, Jia Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Chemotherapy has improved the survival of patients with gastric cancer by unknown mechanisms. In this study, we showed that cisplatin and docetaxel used in gastric cancer treatment increase the expression of miRNA-29 (miR-29) family members and decrease the expression of their oncogenic targets, mediating a significant part of the efficacious benefits of these chemotherapeutic agents. In particular, patients with gastric cancer who experienced recurrences after chemotherapy tended to exhibit low levels of miR-29c expression in their tumors, suggesting that miR-29c activation may contribute to the chemotherapeutic efficacy. Enforced expression of miR-29s in gastric cancer cells inhibited cell invasion in vitro and in vivo by directly targeting catenin-δ (CTNND1). Drug treatment suppressed gastric cancer cell invasion by restoring miR-29c-mediated suppression of catenin-δ and RhoA signaling. In parallel, drug treatment also activated several tumor-suppressive miRNAs, thereby decreasing expression of their oncogenic effector targets. Overall, our findings defined a global mechanism for understanding the efficacious effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy in gastric cancer.
Bradshaw Lecture on Nerve-Stretching for the Relief or Cure of Pain
Authors: J. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1883)

RoyalCollege of Physicians, London, and Fellow of this College; he was, therefore, a man who was not altogether undistinguished in our profession, and one who held a high position in the county in which he resided.He contributed a few papers to the medical journals, and he also indulged himself in writing articles on matters of general interest, under the signature of Beta.He diedseventeen years ago, in the month of August, and fourteen years afterwards his widow left £1,000 to the College of Physicians, and another £1,000 to this College, in order to establish perpetual
Black-white differences in exercise blood pressure. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.
Authors: L G Ekelund, C M Suchindran, J M Karon, R P McMahon, H A Tyroler
Journal: Circulation (1990)

After exclusion of persons on blood pressure medication or with prevalent cardiovascular disease, we studied 83 black and 2,548 white men and 113 black and 1,519 white women 20-69 years old from the Lipid Research Clinics population sample who had performed a standardized treadmill exercise test. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were similar in black and white men, but the diastolic pressure was significantly higher in black than in white women (81.4 vs 77.4 mm Hg). Body weight was higher in black than in white women, and reported physical activity was higher in black than in white men. The proportion of smokers was somewhat higher in blacks than in whites. During the treadmill exercise test with a modified Bruce protocol, mean systolic blood pressure at stage 2 was 174 mm Hg in black men and 166 mm Hg in white men (p less than 0.02), but stage 2 blood pressures did not differ between black and white women (153 and 152 mm Hg, respectively). Even after adjustments were made for levels of baseline characteristics (age, weight, resting systolic blood pressure, smoking, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, physical activity, and alcohol intake), black men responded with a 7-mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure during exercise than white men (p less than 0.01). Another new finding was a highly significant positive association between stage 2 systolic blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in men. The findings suggest a higher systemic vascular resistance during exercise in the selected sample of black men, which is consistent with the higher incidence of hypertension in black men.
Activity of SL-401, a targeted therapy directed to interleukin-3 receptor, in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm patients
Authors: Arthur E. Frankel, Jung H. Woo, Chul Ahn, Naveen Pemmaraju, Bruno C. Medeiros, Hetty E. Carraway, Olga Frankfurt, Stephen J. Forman, Xuezhong A. Yang, Marina Konopleva, Francine Garnache-Ottou, Fanny Angelot-Delettre, Christopher Brooks, Michael Szarek, Eric Rowinsky
Journal: Blood (2014)
Medical hazards of air travel.
Authors: I S Symington
Journal: BMJ (1977)

reduced to 3 tsg min, and blood sugar two hours later was 8 9 mmoll, and 10 hours later 4 5 mmol 1. Urine tests returned to normal four hours after the reduction and remained normal despite continued high doses of corticosteroids.A later glucose tolerance test while 15 mg day of prednisone was being taken was normai.
Responsiveness to interferon alpha in chronic hepatitis B by presumed vertical transmission
Authors: Myoung Kuk Jang, Dae Ro Choi, Ja Young Lee, Han Kook Moon, Jun Ho Lee, Seong Man Kim, Kyung Ho Kim, Joon Yong Park, Jin Heon Lee, Hak Yang Kim, Dong Joon Kim, Myung Seok Lee, Choong Kee Park, Jae Young Yoo
Journal: Journal of Infection (2005)
Interrelationships of bile acid and phospholipid fatty acid species with cholesterol saturation of duodenal bile in health and gallstone disease
Authors: Frieder Berr, Edgar Schreiber, Ulrich Frick
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The relative amount of cholesterol and the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholines in bile can be influenced by the bile acid species secreted. To search for a contribution of secondary bile acids and of phosphatidylcholines to supersaturation of bile in gallstone disease, we compared the relative amount of cholesterol and the biliary composition of bile acids and of phospholipid fatty acids in cholecystokinin-stimulated duodenal bile of 22 female gallstone patients and 16 healthy controls and analyzed the interrelationships of these bile constituents. Gallstone patients had higher molar percentages of cholesterol than did controls (10.2 +/- 3.2 vs. 6 +/- 1.5 mol%; p less than 0.001) and demonstrated a trend toward larger fractions of deoxycholic and lithocholic acids. By linear models, variation of cholesterol saturation could be predicted (p less than 0.001) up to 53% by the bile acid pattern and up to 81% by the fatty acid pattern of phospholipids. Linear path analysis (goodness-of-fit index = 0.973) confirmed the tight relationship between phospholipid fatty acids (positive: oleic, arachidonic; negative: linoleic, palmitoleic) and the relative amount of cholesterol; more than half the influence of cholic, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids on the relative amount of cholesterol could be explained indirectly by their influence on the phospholipid fatty acid pattern. We conclude that the relationships examined by path analysis support the working hypothesis that secondary bile acids contribute to supersaturation of bile mainly by changing the fatty acid pattern of the secreted phospholipids (presumably the pattern of phosphatidylcholines), which increases the molar ratio of cholesterol/phospholipids in bile.
How much personal care in four group practices?
Authors: G K Freeman, S C Richards
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To establish the degree of continuity of care in general practice. DESIGN--Retrospective study of the records of all eligible patients attending the surgery at randomly selected sessions. SETTING--Four large group practices in the Southampton Health District, one of which operated a strict system of personal lists. PATIENTS--776 Patients who had been registered for at least two years and had consulted at least 12 times over six years or less. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Continuity score for each patient calculated from the number of consultations (out of the past 12) with his or her usual doctor. Number of the times the patients had consulted the doctor with whom they were registered. RESULTS--In the practice with personal lists a mean of 10 of the 12 consultations had been with the same doctor (83% of consultations), but in the three practices with combined lists the means were 5.9 (49%), 6.2 (52%), and 6.9 (58%). Continuity was associated with increased age and with the recording of a major problem. In the practices with combined lists 63 of 72 children consulted at least five different doctors. Only 140 of 489 patients currently in the practice who were identified as being registered with a doctor had most usually consulted that doctor in the practices with combined lists. CONCLUSIONS--Personal continuity of care may be fairly low in group practice, especially for younger and healthier patients registered at practices with combined lists. These findings support the Department of Health9s recent decision to make "target payments" (for cervical smears and childhood immunisations) to groups rather than to individual principals but pose a question for the future of individual clinical responsibility.
Lipid Levels in Black South Africans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Barry I. Joffe, Larry A. Distiller, W. John Kalk
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes typically comprises hypertriglyceridemia and reduced HDL cholesterol, usually associated with hypercholesterolemia (1). Relatively little is known about its occurrence in developing African communities, where the prevalence of type 2 diabetes may escalate dramatically (2). This is important because dyslipidemia constitutes a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetes (3). We therefore assessed serum lipids of South African blacks with type 2 diabetes of differing socioeconomic status and compared levels with those of patients two decades earlier. Our initial expectations were that dyslipidemia would be substantially greater in the higher socioeconomic group due to affluence and that lipids would have risen considerably over time because of increasing urbanization.

Our low socioeconomic community comprised 445 black African patients (241 women and 204 men) with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes studied between 1994 and 1996. They attended …
A Short Textbook of Medicine
Authors: Clifton K. Meador
Journal: JAMA (1967)

When a textbook is "short," one wonders immediately what was shortened. A comparison with recent editions of Harrison's and Cecil and Loeb's texts reveals several obvious shortenings: weight (0.79 kg against 3.91 kg and 4.4 kg); pages (573 against 1,947 and 1,665); estimated words (250,000 against 1,417,000 and 1,378,000); and authors (7 against 116 and 164). A more important issue, however, is what was deleted and how was the remaining material shortened or lengthened. For examining these questions, a ratio was obtained by dividing the number of words on a topic in the "short" textbook by the average words in corresponding sections of the two long texts (Harrison, and Cecil and Loeb). The overall ratio for total words is about 0.178, that is, the long books are 5.62 times longer than the short text. A topic ratio less than 0.1 is taken to indicate a relative reduction in coverage and
A New Triple-Lumen Tube for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Marvin M. Nachlas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE first successful attempt at controlling esophageal hemorrhage by balloon tamponage was reported by Westphal1 in 1930. He treated 2 patients with a Gottstein sound distended with water, and applied the compression effectively for twenty-four to twenty-nine hours without any harmful consequence. The idea attracted little attention until 1947, when Rowntree and his associates2 obtained good results in 2 patients using a Miller—Abbott tube with a latex bag attached to the distal end. Since then other papers have appeared in the literature attesting to the value of balloon tamponage in the treatment of variceal hemorrhage.3 4 5 6 7 Most of the authors focused . . .
Death of Marat I: Artsy Smut? Plain Brown Wrapper?
Authors: Hillel J. Karp
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Come on, cut the artsy smut covers.<sup>1</sup>I cannot display this issue in my home, my office, or my study. If you have really run out of artwork, I will gladly supply works created by my children, aged 9, 8, and 4 years. Or maybe you should do what other journals do: put the table of contents on the cover. Or do you really prefer stiffs and nudes? <i>These letters were shown to Dr Southgate, who declined to reply</i>.—Ed.
Hepatic bilirubin uptake in the isolated perfused rat liver is not facilitated by albumin binding.
Authors: Y R Stollman, U Gärtner, L Theilmann, N Ohmi, A W Wolkoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Bilirubin uptake by the liver is a rapid process of high specificity that has kinetic characteristics which suggest carrier-mediation. In the circulation, bilirubin is readily bound to albumin, from which it is extracted by the liver. Although several studies suggested that it is the small, unbound fraction of bilirubin which interacts with hepatocytes and is removed from the circulation, recent experiments have been interpreted as suggesting that binding to albumin facilitates ligand uptake. A liver cell surface receptor for albumin has been postulated. The present study was designed to examine directly whether albumin facilitates the hepatic uptake of bilirubin and whether uptake of bilirubin depends on binding to albumin. Rat liver was perfused with a protein-free fluorocarbon medium, and single-pass uptake of 1, 10, or 200 nmol of [3H]bilirubin was determined after injection as an equimolar complex with 125I-albumin, with 125I-ligandin, or free with only a [14C]sucrose reference. Uptake of 10 nmol of [3H]bilirubin was 67.5 +/- 3.7% of the dose when injected with 125I-albumin, 67.4 +/- 6.5% when injected with 125I-ligandin, and 74.9 +/- 2.4% when injected with [14C]sucrose (P greater than 0.1). At 200 nmol, uptake fell to 46.4 +/- 3.1% (125I-albumin) and 63.3 +/- 3.4% [( 14C]sucrose) of injected [3H]bilirubin (P less than 0.01), which suggests saturation of the uptake mechanism. When influx was quantitated by the model of Goresky, similar results were obtained. When [3H]bilirubin was injected simultaneously with equimolar 125I-albumin and a [14C]sucrose reference, there was no delay in 125I-albumin transit as compared with that of [14C]sucrose. This suggested that the off-rate of albumin from a putative hepatocyte receptor would have to be very rapid, which is unusual for high affinity receptor-ligand interaction. There was no evidence for facilitation of bilirubin uptake by binding to albumin or for interaction of albumin with a liver cell surface receptor. These results suggest that the hepatic bilirubin uptake mechanism is one of high affinity which can extract bilirubin from circulating carriers such as albumin, ligandin, or fluorocarbon.
Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Associated with Advanced Pathologic Tumor Stage and Increased Cancer-specific Mortality Among Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Undergoing Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Boyd R Viers, Stephen A Boorjian, Igor Frank, Robert F Tarrell, Prabin Thapa, R Jeffrey Karnes, R Houston Thompson, Matthew K Tollefson
Journal: European Urology (2014)