tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIGHER INTER-CELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE 1 LEVELS IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS ASSOCIATED WITH PLAQUE VULNERABILITY IN NON-CULPRIT LESIONS AT 10 MONTH FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Karlis Tru&scaron;inskis, Dace Juhnevica, Karlis Strenge, Dace Sondore, Inga Narbute, Sanda Jegere, Lelde Zarakauska, Andrejs Erglis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Options for bronchodilation in children: can we rely on adult data?
Authors: A. A. P. H. Verberne
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Bronchodilators, especially beta2-agonists, are effective in relieving asthma symptoms. Therefore, short-acting beta2-agonists are recommended in all guidelines on a p.r.n. basis, usually in combination with anti-inflammatory treatment, at least in moderate to severe asthma. Although for adult asthma some concerns have been raised about regular use of short-acting beta2-agonists, studies in children do not suggest that continuous use results in deterioration of asthma. This question is more relevant to the chronic use of the long-acting beta2-agonists, salmeterol and formoterol. These drugs may be used instead of antiinflammatory drugs, especially inhaled corticosteroids. Recent studies in adult asthmatics have supported the use of a long-acting beta2-agonist in combination with a lower dose of inhaled corticosteroid in preference to a higher dose of inhaled corticosteroid. So far, data in children are less convincing for this therapeutic strategy. It may be that differences in the disease process between adults and children are likely to account for these different responses in treatment regimens. Furthermore, it has to be determined whether treatment should primarily aim at symptom reduction or whether other disease parameters should also be taken into account.
Endocrine Colpocytology and Cytodiagnosis of Ruptured Fetal Membranes
Authors: Hervy E. Averette
Journal: JAMA (1967)

During the past ten years at the University of Miami, we have studied the diagnostic value of a rapid staining technique in evaluating vaginal and cervical smears taken from obstetric and gynecologic patients. For obstetric patients, we examined smears for the presence of vernix caseosa or fetal squamous cells. The absence of these cells is a precise indicator of the integrity of fetal membranes in questionable instances of premature rupture of the amnion. For gynecologic patients, our objective was to obtain colpocytologic evidence of estrogen and progesterone production. This is a report of our experiences with vaginal cytology in the daily management of patients. <h3>Staining Technique and Results</h3><h3>Cytodiagnosis of Ruptured Membranes.—</h3> To test for ruptured membranes, cellular samples are obtained by inserting the sterile, gloved index finger in the external cervical os and the middle finger in the posterior fornix. Spreads are made on two clean glass slides and
Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis: clinical features, prognosis, and symptom progression in a large population based cohort
Authors: M I Prince
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Many patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. However, because most studies of asymptomatic PBC have been small and from tertiary centres, asymptomatic PBC remains poorly characterised. <b>Aims:</b> To describe the features and progression of initially asymptomatic PBC patients. <b>Methods:</b> Follow up by interview and note review of a large geographically and temporally defined cohort of patients with PBC, collected by multiple methods. <b>Results:</b> Of a total of 770 patients, 469 (61%) were asymptomatic at diagnosis. These patients had biochemically and histologically less advanced disease than initially symptomatic patients. Median survival was similar in both groups (9.6 <i>v</i> 8.0 years, respectively) possibly due to excess of non-liver related deaths in asymptomatic patients (31% <i>v</i> 57% of deaths related to liver disease). Survival in initially asymptomatic patients was not affected by subsequent symptom development. By the end of follow up, 20% of initially asymptomatic patients had died of liver disease or required liver transplantation. The majority of initially asymptomatic patients developed symptoms of liver disease if they were followed up for long enough (Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion developing symptoms: 50% after five years, 95% after 20 years). However, 45% of patients remained asymptomatic at the time of death. <b>Conclusions:</b> Although asymptomatic PBC is less severe at diagnosis than symptomatic disease, it is not associated with a better prognosis, possibly due to an increase in non-hepatic deaths. The reasons for this are unclear but may reflect confounding by other risk factors or surveillance bias. These findings have important implications for future treatment strategies.
The States of Exhaustion Of Mr. Sherlock Holmes
Authors: George Vash
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Drs. Astrachan and Boltax have a perfectly good case in questioning a paranoia of Sherlock Holmes (<b>196</b>:1094, 1966), but they hardly make a good case for a manic-depressive disorder. Who ever heard a depressive patient, in the depths of his depression, say, "My mind rebels in stagnation" and demand problems<i>and</i>work? Instead, Mr. Sherlock Holmes is suffering from a mood common in normal human beings, namely, occasional inertia. Most creative people admit that they are not equally productive at all times. There are few Schuberts who simply spill beauty and create masterpieces constantly. Stimulation, the challenge, is necessary to act as a starter, which will keep the motor turning until it catches the spark and takes over. Another aspect of Holmes, which is intensely human, is his exhaustion after superhuman effort. As mentioned in<i>A Study in Scarlet</i>, and again in<i>The Reigate Puzzle</i>, "a
Quite a good camp
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2002)

She was a tall, quiet lady, almost stately. She had come a long way: from somewhere in Poland she had been taken to Siberia, escaped west somehow and joined the millions of refugees loose in Europe in the mid 1940s, and then for good reasons had found her way to Scotland.

Our Polish community dates from that war. A Polish army garrisoned the east coast from Aberdeen to the border, and when Poland fell to communism many chose to stay. They settled, married …
Sixty Million Years in Evolution of Soft Grain Trait in Grasses: Emergence of the Softness Locus in the Common Ancestor of Pooideae and Ehrhartoideae, after their Divergence from Panicoideae
Authors: M. Charles, H. Tang, H. Belcram, A. Paterson, P. Gornicki, B. Chalhoub
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Together maize, Sorghum, rice, and wheat grass (Poaceae) species are the most important cereal crops in the world and exhibit different "grain endosperm texture." This trait has been studied extensively in wheat because of its pivotal role in determining quality of products obtained from wheat grain. Grain softness protein-1 and Puroindolines A and B (grain storage proteins), encoded by Ha-like genes: Gsp-1, Pina, and Pinb, of the Hardness (Ha) locus, are the main determinants of the grain softness/hardness trait in wheat. The origin and evolution of grain endosperm texture in grasses was addressed by comparing genomic sequences of the Ha orthologous region of wheat, Brachypodium, rice, and Sorghum. Results show that the Ha-like genes are present in wheat and Brachypodium but are absent from Sorghum bicolor. A truncated remnant of an Ha-like gene is present in rice. Synteny analysis of the genomes of these grass species shows that only one of the paralogous Ha regions, created 70 My by whole-genome duplication, contained Ha-like genes. The comparative genome analysis and evolutionary comparison with genes encoding grain reserve proteins of grasses suggest that an ancestral Ha-like gene emerged, as a new member of the prolamin gene family, in a common ancestor of the Pooideae (Triticeae and Brachypoidieae tribes) and Ehrhartoideae (rice), between 60 and 50 My, after their divergence from Panicoideae (Sorghum). It was subsequently lost in Ehrhartoideae. Recurring duplications, deletions, and/or truncations occurred independently and appear to characterize Ha-like gene evolution in the grass species. The Ha-like genes gained a new function in Triticeae, such as wheat, underlying the soft grain phenotype. Loss of these genes in some wheat species leads, in turn, to hard endosperm seeds.
Sperm competition theory offers additional insight into cultural variation in sexual behavior
Authors: Aaron T. Goetz, Todd K. Shackelford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Schmitt recognized that research is needed to identify other factors associated with sex ratio and with sociosexuality that may explain cross-cultural variation in sexual behavior. One such factor may be the risk of sperm competition. Sperm competition theory may lead us to a more complete explanation of cultural variation in sexual behavior.
Direct observation of the "oxygen paradox" in single rat ventricular myocytes.
Authors: M D Stern, A M Chien, M C Capogrossi, D J Pelto, E G Lakatta
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

By phase contrast microscopy with video length tracking, we followed the sequence of morphological changes in individual isolated rat ventricular myocytes during anoxia followed by reoxygenation. Cells appeared normal during early anoxia. After a duration of anoxia T1, which varied from 17-47 minutes in different cells, each cell abruptly contracted an average of 33% in length to an inert rectangular form presumed to be a rigor state. Cells which were reoxygenated before the onset of rigor showed normal morphology and an unchanged extent of shortening on field stimulation, compared to control. Cells that were reoxygenated after a time in the rigor state, T2, either partially recovered to a shortened rectangular form capable of stimulated twitches or rounded up rapidly to a disordered hypercontracture form. The distribution of T1 was the same for cells which recovered and which hypercontracted. In contrast, the outcome of reoxygenation depended markedly on T2: all cells that were reoxygenated after less than 10 minutes of rigor recovered function, whereas all cells that spent more than 20 minutes in rigor hypercontracted when reoxygenated. The hypercontracture appears to be the cellular analog of the "oxygen paradox" in whole hearts. Its occurrence is reliably related to duration of rigor state but not to duration of hypoxia, because of marked cellular variability in the time of onset of rigor.
Hepatitis C virus genotype 3 is cytopathic to hepatocytes: Reversal of hepatic steatosis after sustained therapeutic response
Authors: Dinesh Kumar, Geoffrey C. Farrell, Caroline Fung, Jacob George
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

On the basis of cross-sectional studies, it has been proposed that hepatic steatosis is a cytopathic effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 but not genotype 1 infections. We tested this hypothesis by examining whether antiviral treatment altered hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. In 28 patients with genotype 1 and 34 with genotype 3 HCV, we determined the severity of steatosis in pre- and posttreatment liver biopsies using computer-assisted morphometric image analysis as well as conventional semiquantitative scoring. Before treatment, hepatic steatosis was present in 16 (57%) patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and 21 (62%) of those with genotype 3. Sustained viral response (SVR) was achieved in 9 (32%) patients with genotype 1 and 22 (65%) with genotype 3. In neither group were there significant changes in body weight or alcohol consumption between pre- and posttreatment biopsies. In patients with HCV genotype 1, there was no change in hepatic steatosis after treatment, irrespective of the treatment response. Among those infected with genotype 3, SVR significantly reduced steatosis ( P &lt; .001), but there was no change in steatosis among those without a SVR. By logistic regression analysis, SVR was the only variable predictive of improvement in hepatic steatosis (OR = 36, 95% CI = 2.7-481, P = .007). In conclusion, these data provide strong support for a direct causal association between HCV genotype 3 infection and hepatic steatosis.
Evaluation of breast masses in male patients
Authors: D. Meerkotter, A. Patrick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) involving healthcare workers (HCWs) are worldwide under surveillance since long time; the implementation of the European Directive 32/2010 regarding the mandatory use of safety-engineered devices (SEDs) seems to have reduced the number of these accidents. Our surveillance investigated the frequency and the modality of SED-related NSIs in the Piedmont region to verify changes in the epidemiology of these events. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed the exposure records of NSIs, device usage data and structural data of 42 acute care hospitals and compared conventional and safety devices. We calculated the accident rates per 100 000 needles and, as a measure of SED efficacy, the relative risk between the use of safety and non-safety devices with a 95% CI. We also described the dynamics of the NSIs and the most involved professional groups of HCWs, procedures and devices. <h3>Results</h3> Total and specific device accident rates for 100 000 needles were lower with the use of SEDs. In 2015–2016, there were 1640 NSIs, with a decreasing absolute number during the observation period; 18% were SEDs related. Half of the total accidents with SEDs occurred in the patient’s room, and nurses were involved in 78% of the cases. The most involved devices were the butterfly needles and peripheral venous catheters, and the most involved procedures were venous sampling (40%) and phlebotherapy (16%). The exposures occurred mostly during the procedure, and 45% of the SED-related injuries occurred during the disposal of the device; 92% of the SEDs involved had a manual activation mechanism. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In agreement with the results of other European studies, our results show that SEDs reduce the risk of percutaneous exposure of HCWs, but in introducing SEDs, we must select those with a higher level of safety (with a passive activation mechanism) and improve the healthcare staff training programmes.
Drugs for Mental Disorders of Old Age
Authors: Leo E. Hollister
Journal: JAMA (1975)

EMOTIONAL disorders associated with old age ordinarily are considered to be due to presenile, senile, arteriosclerotic, and mixed types of organic brain syndromes. Functional mental illness has only recently been recognized as a major concomitant of old age. Even slight, so-called normal impairment may trigger excessive anxiety and depression in a rigid, insecure person. Many experienced clinicians view unrecognized depression in old age as a more important problem than that of the organic brain syndromes—it is much more amenable to treatment.  About one person in six of those aged 65 years or more have some manifestation of organic brain syndrome. On the other hand, as many as 25% to 30% of the same group have some type of functional disorder, such as depression or neurosis. Many individuals have both organic and functional disorders, but the main point is that age, per se, does not necessarily indicate that the patient's emotional
Effects of eccentric hamstring strength exercise on knee flexor strength
Authors: K Sato, T Hosokawa, S Mitsueda, K Hosaki, M Okuyama, T Okada, I Kanisawa, A Tsuchiya, K Takahashi, H Sakai
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Eccentric hamstring strength exercise has been adopted in lower extremity injury prevention programs extensively, but the study of its effect on knee flexor strength is limited. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the effects of eccentric hamstring strength exercise on knee flexor strength using three different measuring methods, and to compare the effects between men and women. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The evaluation was performed in a rehabilitation laboratory. Participants 18 healthy volunteers (10 men, 8 women) participated in this study. Intervention All subjects were asked to perform eccentric hamstring strength exercise (the so-called Nordic hamstring exercise) 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Main outcome measurements Concentric, eccentric and isometric knee flexor strengths were measured before and after the training periods using the Biodex dynamometer. Concentric and eccentric peak torques at 60 deg/sec, and isometric peak torque with 90° of knee flexion for 5 s, were measured. These were compared before and after intervention. The rate of increase was calculated and compared between men and women. Results The eccentric torque measurements for men after intervention were significantly higher than before intervention (p&lt;0.05), while there was no significant difference in women. No significant differences between before and after intervention were shown for concentric and isometric torques in both sexes. The rate of increase for men (20.0%) was significantly higher than that for women (8.8%) in eccentric torque (p&lt;0.05), while no significant differences were observed between men and women in concentric and isometric torque. Conclusion It seems that the effect of the eccentric hamstrings strength exercise in women was lower than in men. Therefore, careful attention should be paid in instructing the exercise to women.
Thiazide-lnduced Hypomagnesemia-Reply
Authors: Martin Duke
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ABSTRACT In Reply.— I agree with the comments made by Dr Moore regarding my article. Other electrolyte problems have at times been overlooked in view of the more well-known effects of thiazides and other diuretics on serum potassium levels. However, it was not the intent of this particular study to be all-inclusive and to review other electrolyte changes in patients receiving thiazides.
Rim-Like FDG Uptake in the Gallbladder Wall Secondary to Cholestasis From Common Bile Duct Obstruction
Authors: Pramod Gupta, Fabio Ponzo, Elissa Kramer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 67-year-old man with a history of distal pancreatectomy underwent an F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan for suspected recurrent pancreatic cancer in the head/neck of the pancreas seen on a computed tomography scan done 1 week earlier. The FDG-PET scan showed intense uptake in this mass consistent with recurrent malignancy. Incidentally, rim-like increased uptake of FDG was noted in the gallbladder wall. Because clinically there were no symptoms suggestive of acute cholecystitis, he underwent cholescintigraphy and ultrasound (US) examination, which indicated complete common bile duct obstruction. However, there was no evidence of acute cholecystitis. The laboratory workup done subsequently showed significantly abnormal liver function tests compatible with biliary obstruction. The rim uptake of FDG in the gallbladder wall on PET in the absence of cholecystitis could not be understood, and we presume that this uptake may be related to stretching and contraction of the smooth muscle of the distended gallbladder wall from complete common bile duct obstruction. This is a possible cause proposed for digestive tract FDG uptake.
Development of Therapeutic Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Resolution of Inflammation
Authors: Suresh Gadde, Orli Even‐Or, Nazila Kamaly, Apoorva Hasija, Philippe G. Gagnon, Krishna H. Adusumilli, Andrea Erakovic, Anoop K. Pal, Xue‐Qing Zhang, Nagesh Kolishetti, Jinjun Shi, Edward A. Fisher, Omid C. Farokhzad
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Liver X receptors (LXRs) attenuate inflammation by modulating the expression of key inflammatory genes, making LXRs and their ligands particularly attractive candidates for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular, metabolic, and/or inflammatory diseases. Herein, enhanced proresolving activity of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) containing the synthetic LXR agonist GW3965 (LXR‐NPs) is demonstrated, developed from a combinatorial library of more than 70 formulations with variations in critical physicochemical parameters. In vitro studies on peritoneal macrophages confirm that LXR‐NPs are significantly more effective than the free agonist at downregulating pro‐inflammatory mediators (MCP‐1 and TNFα), as well as inducing the expression of LXR target genes (ABCA1 and SREBP1c). Through a zymosan‐induced acute peritonitis in vivo model, LXR‐NPs are found to be more efficient than free GW3965 at limiting the recruitment of polymononuclear neutrophils (50% vs 17%), suppressing the gene expression and secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors MCP‐1 and TNFα in peritoneal macrophages, and decreasing the resolution interval up to 4 h. Furthermore, LXR‐NPs suppress the secretion of MCP‐1 and TNFα by monocytes and macrophages more efficiently than the commercial drug dexamethasone. Overall, these findings demonstrate that LXR‐NPs are capable of promoting resolution of inflammation and highlight the prospect of LXR‐based nanotherapeutics for inflammatory diseases.
Association of radiographic changes of osteoarthritis, symptoms, and synovial fluid particles in 300 knees.
Authors: M Pattrick, E Hamilton, R Wilson, S Austin, M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Associations between compartmental distribution of radiographic changes of osteoarthritis (OA), individual features of OA (joint space loss, sclerosis, cyst, osteophyte; each scored 0-3), and presence of synovial fluid calcium particles (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals identified by polarised light microscopy and other calcium particles by alizarin red positivity (ARP) were sought in 300 osteoarthritic knees (178 patients; mean age 72, range 33-96 years). Patients whose knees were symptom free as well as those with symptoms were included. Osteoarthritis of two or three compartments but not unicompartmental OA was associated with the presence of CPPD or ARP. Involvement of any compartment (not just patellofemoral), and higher mean scores for both total and individual osteoarthritis changes (except cysts) was associated with CPPD and ARP; CPPD, but not ARP, was associated with symptoms: knees reported as having symptoms had higher mean total OA scores. Femoral cortical erosion, found more often in women, was associated with higher mean total OA score at the patellofemoral compartment but not with the presence of particles. Attrition, remodelling, and chondrocalcinosis (each scored as present or absent) occurred more often in knees with CPPD. Age did not correlate with any aspect of the OA score. This study confirms the association of calcium particles with the process of OA. Unlike previous studies confined to symptomatic knees, a radiographic pattern specific to CPPD (9pyrophosphate arthropathy9) did not emerge.
Child Health-Care Financing and Competition
Authors: Glenn Austin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The problems created by inadequate financing of health care for children are generally ignored in our current crisis over health-care costs. Inadequate financing leads to unnecessary health problems for children and to increased overall medical costs for their care. This has not been recognized by third-party administrators, who generally turn a deaf ear to requests for improved insurance coverage for children. They argue that existing coverage is generally excessive and increases costs by encouraging overuse of services; therefore, any increase in coverage must be denied. Most decisions concerning health-insurance benefits are made by third-party administrators and union and management group . . .