tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SEROLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF STREPTOCOCCI IN ARTHRITIS AND ALLIED CONDITIONS
Authors: REGINALD BURBANK
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The first conclusive tests in the application of the complement fixation reaction to the diagnosis of certain infective diseases were made by Bordet and Gengou as early as 1901. Their work was primarily on experimental typhoid infection in animals. Since that time its field of usefulness has been extended to the diagnosis of chronic gonorrhea (Muller and Oppenheim, Schwartz and McNeil), glanders (Schutz and Schubert, Miessner and Trapp), tuberculosis (McIntosh and Fildes, Miller and others), typhoid fever (A. Pijper, Hadjopoulos), plague and pertussis (Bordet and Gengou).  That streptococcus complement fixing bodies could be detected in the blood of patients suffering from bacterial endocarditis was demonstrated by Major, 1 Kinsella 2 and Stone. 3 The earliest studies of the serologic relationship of the streptococci to infective arthritis were done by Hastings, 4 who, to our knowledge, first demonstrated streptococcic complement deviation by the old Wassermann technic. This work was later taken
Desmin accumulation restrictive cardiomyopathy and atrioventricular block associated with desmin gene defects
Authors: Eloisa Arbustini, Michele Pasotti, Andrea Pilotto, Carlo Pellegrini, Maurizia Grasso, Stefano Previtali, Alessandra Repetto, Ornella Bellini, Gaetano Azan, Manuela Scaffino, Carlo Campana, Giovanni Piccolo, Mario Viganò, Luigi Tavazzi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with primary thrombocythaemia.
Authors: P Shepherd, K Liddell
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Pyoderma gangrenosum is most commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis, but it has been associated with various haematological malignancies. A 54-year-old man with no history of bowel disease or arthritis presented with a leg ulcer, which healed after treatment. Results of bone marrow aspiration were compatible with primary thrombocythaemia. Seven weeks later there were pronounced recurrence of the ulceration and pyoderma gangrenosum was diagnosed. The appearance of pyoderma gangrenosum associated with blood disorders may differ from that associated with bowel and joint disease.
Diagnostic Procedures for Catheter Malfunction in Programmable Impiantante Intraperitoneal Insulin Infusion Devices
Authors: Craig L Olsen, Dee S Turner, Mohamad Iravani, Kenneth Waxman, Jean-Louis Selam, M Arthur Charles
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the roles of 1) abdominal radiography, 2) a pressure diagnostic procedure (PDP) using a standardized diluent infusion into the catheter sideport, and 3) radiocontrast imaging of the catheter lumen as procedures for diagnosing catheter malfunction in diabetic patients implanted with a programmable intraperitoneal infusion device. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen type I diabetic patients implanted with Infusaid programmable intraperitoneal insulin pumps were studied. The ability of the above three procedures to assist diagnosis of catheter malfunction and distinguish between occlusion and catheter breakage was retrospectively analyzed. Glycated hemoglobin was measured to determine the clinical importance of catheter malfunctions and decreases in pump flow due to insulin aggregation in the pump chamber. RESULTS ; Mean glycated hemoglobin levels increased significantly from 8.0 ± 0.3 to 9.0 ± 0.4% (P &amp;lt; 0.05) before and after catheter malfunction, but not during pump flow slowdowns. Mean peak pressure during PDP was 1.96 ± 0.14 psi (P &amp;lt; 0.01 vs. normal) in reversibly occluded catheters and 1.86 ± 0.35 psi (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. normal) in broken catheters, compared with 1.32 ± 0.23 psi in normal catheters. Decay times during PDP were &amp;gt;50 s for both reversibly occluded and broken catheters (P &amp;lt; 0.001 vs. normal of 3.6 ± 0.82 s). Abdominal radiographs and sideport injections of contrast material were used to distinguish the types of broken catheters. CONCLUSIONS Catheter breakage and occlusion are complications in im-plantable insulin infusion systems and result in metabolic deterioration. The presence of a sideport allows pressure data and radiographie procedures to assist in determining the cause of catheter malfunction. A diagnostic algorithm was generated to improve efficiency in investigating catheter problems.
Screening and Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment for Drug Use in Primary Care
Authors: Ralph Hingson, Wilson M. Compton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alcohol, cardiorespiratory function and work performance.
Authors: V. Bond, B. D. Franks, E. T. Howley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

Twelve males (six moderate drinkers and six abstainers) were studied for the influence of varying dosages of alcohol on cardiorespiratory function and work performance. The subjects underwent three separate maximal exercise tests which consisted of progressive workloads on the bicycle ergometer. Prior to each work bout the subject consumed either a placebo (0.0 ml.kg-1), small (0.44 ml.kg-1), or a moderate (0.88 ml.kg-1) dose of a 95 per cent ethanol solution. Analysis of the results indicated that the ingestion of a small or moderate amount of alcohol had no significant effect on heart rate, blood pressure, ventilation, oxygen uptake or work performance.
Helping people to stop smoking: randomised comparison of groups being treated with acupuncture and nicotine gum with control group.
Authors: F Clavel, S Benhamou, A Company-Huertas, R Flamant
Journal: BMJ (1985)

CD73 is a GPI-anchored lymphocyte adhesion molecule possessing an ecto-5′-nucleotidase enzyme activity. In this work, we show that engagement of lymphocyte CD73 increases lymphocyte binding to cultured endothelial cells (EC) in an LFA-1-dependent fashion. Engagement of CD73 by an anti-CD73 mAb 4G4 increases the adhesion of lymphocytes to cultured EC by about 80% compared with that of lymphocytes treated with a negative control Ab, and the increased adhesion can be blocked by an anti-CD18 mAb. The CD73-regulated increase in lymphocyte adhesion is not due to a conformational change leading to high-affinity LFA-1 receptors as assayed using mAb 24 against an activation-induced epitope of the molecule. Instead, CD73 engagement induces clustering of LFA-1 that is inhibitable by calpeptin, indicating involvement of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent activation of a calpain-like enzyme in this process. In conclusion, the results shown here demonstrate that CD73 regulates the avidity of LFA-1 by clustering. This indicates a previously undescribed role for CD73 in controlling the poorly characterized activation step in the multistep cascade of lymphocyte extravasation. Moreover, these results suggest that in physiological conditions the activation step may result in clustering of LFA-1 rather than in an affinity change of the molecule.
The Cutter Incident, 50 Years Later
Authors: Paul A. Offit
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

On April 12, 1955, Jonas Salk's polio vaccine — made by inactivating poliovirus with formaldehyde — was declared to be safe and effective. The trial of Salk's vaccine had included 1.8 million children who were inoculated with either vaccine (made by either Eli Lilly or Parke-Davis) or placebo or were not inoculated but only observed. That afternoon, an advisory committee to the Laboratory of Biologics Control (the federal agency that was responsible for licensing biologic products in the United States) recommended that licenses to produce the vaccine be granted to five pharmaceutical companies: Eli Lilly, Parke-Davis, Wyeth, Pitman-Moore, and Cutter. . . .
Response of the canine duodenum to intraluminal challenge with cholera exotoxin
Authors: Charles C. J. Carpenter, William B. Greenough
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

In response to intraluminal challenge with crude cholera exotoxin, canine Thiry-Vella duodenal loops consistently produced isotonic fluid for a 24-36 hr period. Isotonic fluid production generally began within 15 min after challenge. Mean bicarbonate concentration of fluid produced by duodenal loops was 24+/-6 (SD) mEq/liter. Perfusion of exotoxin-treated duodenal loops with an isotonic electrolyte solution containing glucose 60 mOsm/liter caused a significant decrease in exotoxin-induced isotonic fluid output. The net effects of glucose on isotonic fluid absorption by perfused duodenal loops were not significantly different before and after administration of crude cholera exotoxin. The response of canine duodenal loops to challenge by cholera exotoxin differs from responses of jejunal and ileal loops in a) absence of a detectable "lag period" between administration of exotoxin and initiation of net fluid output; b) a longer period of fluid production following exotoxin administration; and c) a significantly greater net fluid output per unit length of gut. The mean bicarbonate concentration of the fluid produced by duodenum is less than that produced by ileum, but is not significantly different from that produced by jejunum. The duodenal response is similar to that of the more distal small bowel segments in that an effect on isotonic fluid movement is observed shortly after exotoxin administration and the maximum rate of exotoxin-induced isotonic fluid production is not reached until 4-5 hr after exotoxin administration. The basis for the consistent delay of 4-5 hr between intraluminal exotoxin administration and maximum gut fluid production has not yet been determined. Current data are consistent with the hypothesis that the rate of secretion of isotonic fluid induced by cholera exotoxin is not significantly different per unit length, in duodenum and ileum and that the lesser net fluid output in the ileum is due to the greater capacity for isotonic fluid absorption by the more distal small bowel segment.
Absorption of oleic and palmitic acids from emulsions and micellar solutions
Authors: W. J. Simmonds, T. G. Redgrave, R. L. S. Willix
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

A lipid mixture (monoolein, oleic acid-1-(14)C, and palmitic acid-9,10-(3)H) was infused intraduodenally at a steady rate for 8 hr in fasted, unanesthetized rats. The same dose of lipid was given together with pure conjugated bile salts either as an emulsion, 2.5 mM bile salts, or as a micellar solution, 10 mM bile salts. The emulsion contained very little or no micellar lipid. Thoracic duct lymph was collected and in some experiments bile and pancreatic juice were drained to the exterior. After 4-5 hr infusion the same steady lymphatic output of radioactive fatty acids was obtained with emulsion as with micellar solution. It was concluded that absorption of fatty acid could proceed efficiently in the virtual absence of micellar solubilization. In rats with biliary plus pancreatic fistulae, labeled triglyceride was absorbed poorly relative to free fatty acids in the same emulsified particles. This suggested that fatty acids were transferred to the absorptive cells in monomolecular solution and not as emulsion particles. Substitution of a synthetic nonionic detergent for bile salts in lipid mixtures given to rats with biliary and pancreatic fistulae did not affect the lymphatic output of radioactive fatty acids. This indicated that mucosal esterification of labeled free fatty acids was normal in the absence of bile salts. The physical state of the lipid did not affect the pathway of absorption. Finally, comparison of the increased output of esterified fat in the lymph with the output of labeled fat suggested that fat absorption did not greatly affect the turnover of endogenous, unlabeled fat. Results were consistent with the view that most of the endogenous lymph fat comes from reabsorbed biliary lipid.
Aged versus young skin before and after transplantation onto nude mice
Authors: A. GILHAR, T. PILLAR, M. DAVID
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The behaviour of aged skin transplanted onto nude mice was investigated to determine whether the skin maintains its histological features. Split-thickness skin grafts obtained from the unexposed skin on the thighs of healthy aged and young volunteers were grafted onto nude mice. A significant difference between the mean thickness of young versus aged epidermis was noted before transplantation (P less than 0.001). The epidermis of aged and young skin showed an increase in thickness following engraftment with a mean increase in epidermal thickness of 18.8% in the young (P less than 0.01) and 142.5% in aged skin (P less than 0.001). The number of blood vessels in the aged skin was significantly lower than in the young skin, but a remarkable increase was found post-transplantation. These findings indicate that part of the typical histological changes of unexposed aged skin are reversible.
Glucose transport, phosphorylation, and utilization in isolated porcine pancreatic islets
Authors: Agata Maria Rabuazzo, Alberto M. Davalli, Massimo Buscema, Carlo Socci, Venera Caltabiano, Antonio E. Pontiroli, Valerio Di Carlo, Guido Pozza, Riccardo Vigneri, Francesco Purrello
Journal: Metabolism (1995)
Relation Between Operator and Hospital Volume and Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in the Era of the Coronary Stent
Authors: Paul D. McGrath
Journal: JAMA (2000)

2][3][4][5] Controversy exists in the field of cardiology regarding experience with percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) such as balloon angioplasty and coronary stent procedures.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Many of the studies of procedure volume and patient outcomes for PCIs have found a strong relationship between the procedural volume of the operating physician or center and patient outcomes. 8,13,15,16Patients treated by highvolume physicians and at high-volume centers have been shown to experience a higher rate of successful procedures, lower mortality rates, and a lower risk of subsequent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery during the same admission. 8,13,15,16Guidelines from the American College of Cardiology (ACC) have used these data to establish recommendations for both physicians and hospitals with respect to a minimum annual volume of PCIs performed. 17Current guidelines recommend that physi-
Naturalistic Follow-up of Youths Treated for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Golda S. Ginsburg, Emily M. Becker, Courtney P. Keeton, Dara Sakolsky, John Piacentini, Anne Marie Albano, Scott N. Compton, Satish Iyengar, Kevin Sullivan, Nicole Caporino, Tara Peris, Boris Birmaher, Moira Rynn, John March, Philip C. Kendall
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Pediatric anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and impairing and are considered gateway disorders in that they predict adult psychiatric problems. Although they can be effectively treated in the short term, data are limited on the long-term outcomes in treated children and adolescents, particularly those treated with medication. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether acute clinical improvement and treatment type (ie, cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, or their combination) predicted remission of anxiety and improvement in global functioning at a mean of 6 years after randomization and to examine predictors of outcomes at follow-up. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This naturalistic follow-up study, as part of the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS), was conducted at 6 academic sites in the United States and included 288 youths (age range, 11-26 years; mean age, 17 years). Youths were randomized to 1 of 4 interventions (cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, combination, or pill placebo) in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS) and were evaluated a mean of 6 years after randomization. Participants in this study constituted 59.0% of the original CAMS sample. <h3>Exposures</h3> Participants were assessed by independent evaluators using a semistructured diagnostic interview to determine the presence of anxiety disorders, the severity of anxiety, and global functioning. Participants and their parents completed questionnaires about mental health symptoms, family functioning, life events, and mental health service use. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Remission, defined as the absence of all study entry anxiety disorders. <h3>Results</h3> Almost half of the sample (46.5%) were in remission a mean of 6 years after randomization. Responders to acute treatment were significantly more likely to be in remission (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.08-3.09) and had less severe anxiety symptoms and higher functioning; the assigned treatment arm was unrelated to outcomes. Several predictors of remission and functioning were identified. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Youths rated as responders during the acute treatment phase of CAMS were more likely to be in remission a mean of 6 years after randomization, although the effect size was small. Relapse occurred in almost half (48%) of acute responders, suggesting the need for more intensive or continued treatment for a sizable proportion of youths with anxiety disorders. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00052078
BMA opposes NHS private finance initiative
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The BMA has come out firmly against the private finance initiative (PFI) in health care but has recognised its inevitability. At its annual representative meeting in Brighton last week, members referred to the scheme as the death knell of the NHS but accepted that there was often no alternative source of funding for new hospitals or departments.

The scheme was introduced in 1992 to encourage private companies to fund or manage projects that would previously have been run by the public sector. Since 1993 trusts and health authorities have been expected to consider private sector alternatives in capital projects.

Speaking at the meeting, Dr Stephen Watkins, chairman of the BMA's public health committee, said: “We must say that we are not prepared to hand NHS money …
A Somatic p.G45E<i>GJB2</i>Mutation Causing Porokeratotic Eccrine Ostial and Dermal Duct Nevus
Authors: Jonathan L. Levinsohn, Jennifer M. McNiff, Richard J. Antaya, Keith A. Choate
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Recent data demonstrated somatic mutations in GJB2 that were present in affected porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) tissue but absent in unaffected skin. Recognizing that PEODDN lesions can also appear in individuals with keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome and finding somatic mutations in their cohort, the authors concluded that somatic GJB2 mutation may cause PEODDN. By using whole-exome sequencing, we show that somatic GJB2 mutation alone is sufficient to cause PEODDN.We performed whole-exome sequencing of paired blood and affected tissue samples isolated from a PEODDN lesion of a primary school-aged female patient with bands of hyperkeratotic-affected skin on the upper and lower extremities and trunk, and identified a single, protein-damaging p.Gly45Glu GJB2 mutation present in tissue samples but not in blood samples.Our results prove that somatic GJB2 mutation is sufficient to cause PEODDN. Dominantly inherited GJB2 mutations, including the p.Gly45Glu found in our case, have been shown to cause the severe multisystem disorder keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome. GJB2 encodes connexin 26, a gap junction protein, which permits intercellular ion and macromolecule flux. Individuals with somatic mosaicism are at risk for transmitting systemic disease to their offspring, and all individuals with PEODDN lesions should be counseled regarding the risk of having a child with keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome.
Epstein–Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Lymphoma after Renal Transplantation
Authors: D. W. Hanto, G. Frizzera, K. J. Gajl-Peczalska, K. Sakamoto, D. T. Purtilo, H. H. Balfour, R. L. Simmons, J. S. Najarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a transforming herpesvirus that selectively infects B lymphocytes, causes infectious mononucleosis,1 and may have a role in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma,2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma,3 and the lymphoid disorders arising in Duncan's disease.4 EBV has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of the lymphoproliferative diseases occurring in immunosuppressed recipients of organ transplants.5 These disorders can be characterized morphologically as either polymorphic diffuse B-cell hyperplasia or polymorphic B-cell lymphoma.6 On histologic grounds they can be differentiated from infectious mononucleosis, other reactive lymphoid hyperplasias, immunoblastic B-cell sarcoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma.6 Polymorphic diffuse B-cell hyperplasia and polymorphic B-cell lymphoma . . .
Conditions Causing Headache
Authors: E. R. Bickerstaff
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Interest in the subject of headache has greatly increased in the last decade as research acti- vities move rapidly into the sphere of chemical investigation rather than clinical description, but the literature is so scattered that the average physician finds difficulty in keeping up to date.This book is said to be the first of a series intended to bring together under one cover authoritative reviews on different facets of the problem, and edited by a dis- tinguished physician well known for his own work in this field the series has certainly made a good start.The contributors are drawn from widely separated parts of the world-Europe, Australia, and America- and are recognized authorities on the subjects they discuss.Though any book drawn up in this manner is bound to have a lot of repetition in it, this has been reduced to an acceptable minimum.The introduction by E. C. Kunkle forms a philosophical prelude, stressing the need to look at the "whole" patient, and often to temper one's therapeutic enthusiasm with sound common sense.It includes a number of classical quotations which will no doubt be a boon to speakers looking for an opening or dosing sentence to their discourse on headache.There then follows an extensive review by F. Sicuteri on vasoneuractive sub- stances and vascular pain.This is a valu- able article, with 163 references, tracing the development of thought and work on this aspect, and goes well beyond the action of