tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of cellular oncogenes in the myocardium during the developmental stage and pressure-overloaded hypertrophy of the rat heart.
Authors: I Komuro, M Kurabayashi, F Takaku, Y Yazaki
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Proto-oncogenes have been revealed to participate in normal cell proliferation as well as in cell transformation. Since cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated, they cannot divide except in the fetal period. To determine the role of cellular oncogenes in the growth of the heart, the expression pattern of eight cellular oncogenes during the developmental stage and pressure-overloaded hypertrophy of the rat hearts were examined in vivo. Northern blot analysis was performed with eight oncogene probes (myc, fos, Ha-ras, src, erbA, erbB, sis, myb). Pressure overload increased the levels of cellular (c-) fos, c-myc, and c-Ha-ras. An increase of c-fos and c-myc was detected at 30 minutes and 2 hours, respectively; the levels peaked at 8 hours, and they returned to baseline by 48 hours after aortic constriction. However, the level of c-Ha-ras showed a gradual increase. During the course of development, the expression of c-myc was detectable only in the embryonic stage, whereas the expression of c-fos was not detected in the fetal period, was increased after birth, and peaked in 200-day-old adults. The expression of c-Ha-ras was almost the same throughout the development. Cellular oncogenes were expressed in the heart in response to pressure overload and in a stage-specific manner. These results suggest that cellular oncogenes may participate in the normal developmental process and hypertrophy of hearts and that the cellular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload may share a similar mechanistic pathway with cell proliferation.
The Remarkable Dr. Abildgaard and Countershock
Authors: THOMAS E. DRISCOL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

In 1775 Peter Christian Abildgaard, a Danish veterinarian and physician, conducted experiments on electrical countershock on animals. He succeeded in first rendering fowl lifeless by an electric shock and then reviving them by a countershock applied to the chest. Ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation were not known and could not be documented at that early date, but his report suggests he accomplished these changes long before other physiologists described them. Dr. Abildgaard's long and varied career included many significant contributions to veterinary and human medicine, biology, zoology, botany, physics, chemistry, and mineralogy. He also took an interest and was active in politics, economics, and community affairs. This short biography is intended as a fitting, though belated, tribute to his pioneer work on effects of electric shock.
Medicaid and Managed Care
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The sharp divide between Democrats and Republicans on most major health policy issues largely disappears when the subject turns to how federal and state governments should provide medical care to the vulnerable populations that are eligible for Medicaid coverage. Figures as politically disparate as President Bill Clinton and House Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-Ga.), as well as most of the nation's governors, have concluded that states should have the flexibility to enroll many of Medicaid's more than 32 million beneficiaries in managed-care plans. They believe such plans hold the greatest potential for stemming the rapid growth of Medicaid expenditures and for . . .
Malaria in Britain
Authors: J. E. Jelinek
Journal: BMJ (1952)

<h3>Background</h3> The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) protocol consists of 7 tests (Cook &amp; Burton, 2014). At higher values mean higher quality of movement execution. Lower limb functional asymmetry (FA) is monitored to control the athlete9s injury risk (Sannicandro <i>et al</i>., 2011). <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the correlation between the FMS score and strength asymmetry in professional soccer players (PSP). <h3>Design</h3> Descriptive study (correlation study investigating the relationship between variables). <h3>Setting</h3> Professional soccer. <h3>Participants</h3> n=30 professional soccer players (age: 22.2±4.6; weight: 74.3±10,1 kg; height: 176.1±8.7 cm), 4 players were excluded due to joint or muscle injury within the last 18 months. <h3>Assessment of Risk Factors</h3> The FMS protocol identifies athletes as being at risk of injury when the total score is ≤14. The Hop Test (HT), Side Hop (SH) and Hop Crossover (CH) test are considered to represent a valid assessment of the single lower limb FA. The counter movement jump (CMJ) test indirectly evaluates explosive strength capacity (jump height). <h3>Main Outcome Measurements</h3> The sample was evaluated using the 7 FMS test and CMJ, HT, SH and CH tests for strength capacity. FA was calculated between the two limbs as follows: (jump dominant limb–jump non-dominant limb)/jump dominant-limb*100 (Yamamoto, 1993). <h3>Results</h3> We observed a significant inverse correlation between FMS score and the SH asymmetry percentage (r=−0.678, p&lt;0.01) and the CH asymmetry percentage (r=−0.572,p&lt;0.01). We also observed a significant positive correlation between the FMS score and CMJ values (r=0.531, p&lt;0.01). No significant correlation was found between FMS and the HT asymmetry percentage (r=−0.245). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The best quality movement in FMS test was correlated with high performance in CMJ and with low percentage of lower limb FA, respectively.
A computer program for the diagnosis of hematologic disorders
Authors: Paul R. Reich, Daniel E. Geer, Howard L. Bleich
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract A computer program has been developed to assist medical personnel in the diagnosis of hematologic disorders. The program requests information such as the patient's hematocrit, white blood‐cell count, platelet count, and selected physical findings. Major problems are identified, and the program then requests further information as needed to determine whether the patient has 1 or more of 174 hematologic disorders. An evaluation note is then printed that summarizes the most important hematologic data and includes a list of selected hematologic diagnoses, a discussion of why each diagnosis is listed, a description of its pathophysiology and information concerning etiology and treatment. The printout concludes with pertinent references to the medical literature. When the program was tested with 135 patients referred for hematologic consultation, diagnoses produced by the program were in complete agreement with the hematologist in 87 cases, in partial agreement in 23 cases and not in agreement in 25 cases. The program was also tested with 34 hematologic cases from the New England Journal of Medicine's Clinical‐Pathological Conferences. In 24 patients, the computer and anatomic diagnoses were in complete or partial agreement, and in 10 they disagreed. Anecdotal evidence suggests that explanations of pathophysiology contained in the evaluation notes may be useful to students. It is concluded that the program could be useful as a memory aid for the practitioner and as a teaching aid for the student.
Very, Very Imprecise
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Science depends on precise measurement, and the reporting of scientific observations demands precise language. Authors often use the word "very" as if it contributed to precision. It does not. "Very" derives ultimately from the Latin<i>verus</i>, meaning "true," and today's meanings all relate to this ancestor. One direct descendant is the adjectival use of "very" to mean real, true, or genuine, a usage now archaic or limited to poetry (for example, "has shown himself a very knave"). Another meaning emphasizes identity, coincidence, or significance ("this is the very place," "drank his wine to the very dregs"). In reporting scientific observations, writers use "very" in one of three ways: First, they combine this qualifier with words of quantity (time, distance, weight, and so on); second, they use "very" to intensify the meaning of a wide variety of nonquantitative words; and finally, they use "very" (incorrectly) with words which cannot be qualified.
The John Henry effect
Authors: G. Irving, J. Holden
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The “Ballad of John Henry” tells of the legendary black American steel pin driver, John Henry, who swung a huge nine pound hammer driving railroad spikes on the Chesapeake and Ohio railway in the 1870s.1 John Henry was renowned for his strength among his fellow workers and could drive a steel pin into a track with a single blow instead of the usual three. The ballad centres on a competition between John and a mechanical steam powered drill, a controversial innovation that threatened to replace thousands …
Aging and osteoporosis in breast and prostate cancer
Authors: Ari VanderWalde, Arti Hurria
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2011)

As people with cancer survive longer, and as the US population ages, skeletal effects of cancer treatment are becoming more pronounced. This is particularly true for breast and prostate cancer survivors because of the high average age of patients with these malignancies, the propensity of older adults in general toward the development of osteoporosis, and the wide use of therapeutic agents in these cancers that negatively impact bone health. Various therapies used in the treatment and prevention of cancer may cause decreases in bone mineral density and an increased risk of debilitating fracture, even in the absence of bone metastases. Aging is both a baseline risk factor in the development of osteoporosis and bony fracture, as well as a predictor of poor outcome after fracture. A variety of mechanisms may be responsible for the development of bone loss in patients with breast or prostate cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapy may directly exert long-term toxic effects on bone. Chemotherapy and endocrine therapy can induce hypogonadism, leading to an increased rate of bone loss. The risk of skeletal events in older adults due to cancer therapy should be appreciated by all oncologists, geriatricians, and internists. The following review may serve as a guide to the skeletal side effects of cancer therapy in older adults with breast or prostate cancer, how to screen for treatment-related bone loss, and how to best prevent and/or treat skeletal events. CA Cancer J Clin 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society, Inc.
An Endogenous Digoxin-Like Substance in Patients with Renal Impairment
Authors: STEVEN W. GRAVES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Digoxin concentrations were measured in serum samples from 102 patients with renal impairment who were receiving digoxin therapy. Many patients had values that differed widely on several currently available immunoassays, with differences as great as 2.9 ng/mL. In contrast, patients with normal renal function who were receiving digoxin had few discrepant results, with the largest difference being 0.5 ng/mL. We also assayed serum samples from 54 patients with renal impairment not on digoxin therapy and found that more than 60% of these digoxin-free patients had false-positive digoxin values on most assays. Our data suggest that a substance with digoxin-like immunoactivity is present in many patients with renal insufficiency. This substance may seriously compromise the accuracy and interpretation of digoxin concentration measurements.
Lung Perfusion Scanning in Hepatic Cirrhosis
Authors: N. N. Stanley, P. Ackrill, J. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Abnormal lung perfusion scans using radioactive particles were found in five out of six cases of hepatic cirrhosis with arterial hypoxaemia. None had clinical evidence of cardiopulmonary disease or signs of pulmonary embolism on arteriography. The scan defects are probably caused by a disorder of the pulmonary microvasculature, which may show regional variation in severity.
105 NOTCH SIGNALING PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN EXPERIMENTAL AND HUMAN LIVER FIBROGENSIS
Authors: S. Dooley, Y. Liu, I. Ilkavets, H. Shen, V. Zimmer, R.M. Bohle, C. Zhu, C. Xu, C. Yu, C. Meyer, L. Ciuclan, C. Stump, A. Müller, T. Huang, Y. Li, F. Lammert, M.V. Singer, P.R. Mertens, H.-L. Weng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Consultants vote to take action over terms and conditions
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Hospital doctors have voted to take action—which could include industrial action—against what they see as concerted attacks on their income and conditions of service.

In his keynote speech to the BMA’s annual consultants’ conference on 23 March, chair of the consultants’ committee, Mark Porter, said that UK consultants had already taken an 11% hit on their purchasing power as a result of their “multi year pay freeze” and rising inflation.

Proposals outlined earlier this month by Lord Hutton also mean that senior doctors face the prospect of stumping up more for their pensions and the closure of the final salary pension scheme in favour of a career averaged scheme.

“For the government to then try to remove clinical excellence awards feels like special punishment,” he said, defending the 8% of consultant pay invested in the …
Abortion Politics and Health Insurance Reform
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

President Barack Obama has made it clear that he does not want abortion politics to sabotage health care reform. In his September 10 speech about health care to a joint session of Congress, he said, "Under our plan, no federal dollars will be used to fund abortions." Nonetheless, the centrality of abortion in U.S. politics makes it likely that abortion funding will play a major role in determining whether there is any health care reform law at all. The current abortion controversy concerns the Stupak amendment, whose presence or absence from the final bill may determine the votes of enough . . .
Abstract 2404: Cumulative dosage effect of TSGs and OGs drives aneuploidy patterns in cancer
Authors: Teresa Davoli, Andrew Wei Xu, Kristen E. Mengwasser, Laura M. Sack, John C. Yoon, Peter J. Park, Stephen J. Elledge
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Since Boveri's postulates in 1914, aneuploidy has been recognized as a hallmark of human cancer. However, no comprehensive theory exists to explain the patterns of aneuploidy and its role in tumor evolution. Recurrent gains or losses of specific chromosomes have been observed in cancer, but it is not clear whether a recurrent pattern of aneuploidy exists among cancer karyotypes and whether the recurrent patterns just happen to occur more frequently or are specifically selected during tumor evolution. We have developed the Tumor Suppressor and Oncogene (TUSON) Explorer, a computational method for the prediction of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes (OGs) through the analysis of the pattern of somatic mutations in cancer (Davoli et al., Cell, 2013). By analyzing &amp;gt;8200 tumor-normal pairs from more than 20 tumor types we provide statistical evidence suggesting that many more genes possess cancer driver properties than anticipated, forming a continuum of oncogenic potential. The TUSON Explorer analysis on the entire dataset has identified new potential TSGs such as RASA1, TP53BP1, USP28 and OGs such as PPP2R1A and PPP6C. The TUSON Explorer was also applied to individual tumor types, leading to the identification of new potential tissue-specific drivers. In addition, we have integrated our prediction of TSGs and OGs with information of copy number alterations. We found that the distribution on chromosome and the potency of TSGs and OGs can predict the frequency of arm-level and chromosome-level deletions and amplification. For example, the density and potency of TSGs strongly positively and negatively correlated with the frequency of arm and chromosome deletion and amplification, respectively (r value=∼0.6, p&amp;lt;10-4). The opposite behavior is seen for the OG density and potency. We find that by combining the TSG, OG and essential gene density and potency in a unified score, we can predict a high fraction of the recurrent arm and chromosome deletions and amplifications (r value= ∼0.8, p&amp;lt;10-9). We propose that it is the decrease or increase in the gene dosage of cancer drivers and essential genes in deletion and amplification to determine the recurrent patterns of aneuploidy selected during tumor evolution. In this view the aneuploidy state of tumor cells, first recognized by Bovery exactly a century ago, represents a driving force during the evolution of human cancer. Citation Format: Teresa Davoli, Andrew Wei Xu, Kristen E. Mengwasser, Laura M. Sack, John C. Yoon, Peter J. Park, Stephen J. Elledge. Cumulative dosage effect of TSGs and OGs drives aneuploidy patterns in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2404. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2404
Abstract C14: Pim kinase inhibitors sensitize prostate cancer cells to apoptosis triggered by Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT-737
Authors: Jin H. Song, Andrew S. Kraft
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pim serine/threonine kinases contribute to prostate tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance, yet Pim kinase inhibitors appear to have only limited effects on prostate cancer cell survival. Since overexpression of Bcl-2 family members are implicated in chemotherapeutic resistance in prostate cancer, we investigated the cooperative effects of Pim kinase inhibition with ABT-737, a small molecule antagonist of Bcl-2 family members. Strikingly, the addition of ABT-737 to Pim inhibitors triggered a robust apoptosis of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Pim inhibitors decreased levels of the Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1, both by blocking 5′- cap dependent translation and decreasing protein half life. Additionally, Pim inhibition transcriptionally increased levels of the BH3 protein Noxa by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), lead to eIF-2α phosphorylation and increased expression of CHOP. Increased levels of Noxa also inactivated the remaining levels of Mcl-1 protein activity. Notably, these specific protein changes were essential to the apoptotic process because ABT-737 did not inhibit Mcl-1 protein activity and Mcl-1 overexpression blocked the apoptotic activity of ABT-737. Our results therefore suggest that this combination treatment could be developed as a potential therapy for human prostate cancer where overexpression of Pim kinases and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members drives tumor cell resistance to current anticancer therapies. Citation Format: Jin H. Song, Andrew S. Kraft. Pim kinase inhibitors sensitize prostate cancer cells to apoptosis triggered by Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT-737 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C14.
Systemic high-dose ranitidine in the treatment of psoriasis: an open prospective clinical trial
Authors: J.K. KRISTENSHN, L.J. PETERSEN, U. HANSEN, H. NIELSEN, P. STAHL SKOV, H.J. NIELSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report the results of an open, prospective study on the efficacy of systemic ranitidine in the treatment of psoriasis. Twenty patients suffering from moderate to severe psoriasis were included in the study. The median pretreatment PASI score was 15.7 (range 6.0-24.7). The patients were treated with oral ranitidine 300 mg twice a day for 6 months; no other medication was allowed during the study period. Eighteen patients completed the study. The median PASI score was reduced from 15.7 to 14.5, 9.1 and 5.7, after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment, respectively (P < 0.00001). A significant reduction in PASI score was evident at 3 months of treatment. A mild to moderate deterioration occurred in 15 patients within the first month of treatment, but this was followed by improvement during prolonged treatment in most patients. No other clinical and/or biochemical side-effects were observed. Eight patients continued therapy with ranitidine after the study was completed, and none of these patients relapsed during a follow-up period of 12-18 months. The results of the present study suggest that ranitidine may be a beneficial and safe treatment for psoriasis. In addition, high-dose, long-term ranitidine treatment appears to be free from severe adverse effects.
Double productive immunoglobulin sequence rearrangements in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Carlo Visco, Francesca Moretta, Erika Falisi, Monica Facco, Francesco Maura, Elisabetta Novella, Ilaria Nichele, Silvia Finotto, Ilaria Giaretta, Elisa Ave, Omar Perbellini, Nicola Guercini, Maria Teresa Scupoli, Livio Trentin, Valentina Trimarco, Antonino Neri, Gianpietro Semenzato, Francesco Rodeghiero, Giovanni Pizzolo, Achille Ambrosetti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

The immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene mutational status represents a major prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Usually, the prognostic implications of IGHV gene analysis can be reliably ascertained but, occasionally, double productive rearrangements have been detected. Clinical presentation and biological features of such cases are unknown. Sixty patients with morphologically and phenotypically monoclonal CLL but double productive IGHV rearrangements were retrospectively identified by mRNA analysis from three Hematology Institutions. Clinical and biological features and survival of these 60 patients were compared with a control group of patients with CLL and single IGHV rearrangement. A prospective registry was used to assess the epidemiology of double productive IGHV among incidental patients with CLL. Using standard criteria to define IGHV-mutated (M) or unmutated (U) cases, 39 of the 60 patients (65%) with double productive IGHV rearrangement had concordant status (23 MM, 16 UU), while 21 (35%) had discordant IGHV status. As compared with M patients, the MM ones had lower CD38 expression, more favorable cytogenetics and more indolent clinical behavior. Cases with UU had similar characteristics of U patients. Discordant cases presented with adverse prognostic features and had an aggressive clinical behavior requiring early treatment, similar to U patients. The prevalence of double IGHV was 3.1%. Patients with CLL with double concordant mutational status (MM or UU) have a clinical course similar to that of the corresponding single IGHV status, while those exhibiting discordant status represent a high risk population. This may help correct stratification within clinical trials.
Antibody to Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III in Wives of Hemophiliacs
Authors: JOAN K. KREISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

To evaluate the risk of heterosexual transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, lymphadenopathy, and infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), we studied 42 hemophiliacs and their wives. By early 1984, 9 of the hemophiliacs had asymptomatic lymphadenopathy and 1 had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Twenty-one hemophiliacs, including all 10 with clinically overt disease, had antibody to HTLV-III. None of the 42 wives had lymphadenopathy or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome but 2 had HTLV-III antibody. One of these women had evidence of immunologic dysfunction with a markedly reduced T-helper/suppressor cell ratio. The husbands of these 2 women both had HTLV-III antibody, but neither had overt acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related disease. Thus, as of early 1984, the prevalence of HTLV-III antibody in wives of hemophiliacs seropositive for HTLV-III was 9.5% (2 of 21). We conclude that transmission of HTLV-III occurs between hemophiliacs and their heterosexual partners.