tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in children
Authors: A. Yeo, M. Ramachandran
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Acute osteomyelitis is an uncommon but important disease that affects previously healthy children. A high index of suspicion is required as early treatment is essential for a good outcome. In the past decade, rapid changes in the epidemiology of the condition, in particular of infections as a result of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and advances in diagnostics have highlighted a need to change practice based on current evidence. We review the pertinent aspects of acute osteomyelitis, highlighting the pitfalls in diagnosis and providing a framework for management.

#### Summary points

Osteomyelitis is the inflammation of bone caused by pyogenic organisms. In the acute setting, the duration of symptoms is less than two weeks. The major sources of infection are haematogenous spread, tracking from adjacent foci of infection, and direct inoculation from trauma or surgery.1 Haematogenous spread is the most common source of infection in children, typically affecting the long bones. The infection seeds in the metaphysis, where blood flow is rich but sluggish.2 The femur and tibia are most commonly affected (27% and 26%, respectively, fig 1⇓).3

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline and Google Scholar using the terms “p(a)ediatric”, “acute osteomyelitis”, “bone infection”, “septic arthritis”, “antibiotics” and “imaging”. Wherever possible we used evidence from randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews (including Cochrane reviews), and expert review …
ILL ADVISED REFERENCES TO TREATMENT IN ARTICLES ON PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS
Authors: F. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The attached clipping is a part of a "syndicated article" that has appeared in a number of newspapers. It strikes me that this line of so-called information is wrong. In writing on any public health problem, the writer should avoid reference to treatment. The treatment of any particular disease should be decided by the physician in charge after he has examined the patient. It is not right to state baldly that "drugs are virtually impotent." The patient calls the physician for his own relief and benefit, and if he believes all of this article he will probably send to the drug store and buy his own aspirin. And, by the way, is this writer in the pay of the Bayer people and helping them to put across their advertising campaign? Self medication is now one of the great banes of the American people, and such articles, either
Reporting simplified colonic transit studies using radionuclides: clinician friendly reports.
Authors: A Notghi, A Mills, R Hutchinson, D Kumar, L K Harding
Journal: Gut (1995)

This study describes a graphic presentation of the results of a simplified segmental colonic transit model. This study requires three sets of images on three consecutive days after intake of indium-111 resin capsule at each time point. The per cent of ingested activity is calculated in each region of the colon and in the faeces. The program uses standard PC compatible graphic package, CorelDRAW (Corel Corporation). The report for the patients' notes consists of three schematic diagrams of colon with regions identified and a pot representing the faecal activity. The per cent of administered activity in each region and pot is both printed and represented by shades of grey (white representing 0% and black 100% activity), for each region and the pot. The distribution of activity is clearly seen at each time point and the report is presented on single A4 size sheet of paper. Using a simplified colonic study protocol it is possible to produce clinician friendly reports on a single sheet of paper.
Hypersialylation of β1 Integrins, Observed in Colon Adenocarcinoma, May Contribute to Cancer Progression by Up-regulating Cell Motility
Authors: Eric C. Seales, Gustavo A. Jurado, Brian A. Brunson, John K. Wakefield, Andra R. Frost, Susan L. Bellis
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Colon adenocarcinomas are known to express elevated levels of α2-6 sialylation and increased activity of ST6Gal-I, the Golgi glycosyltransferase that creates α2-6 linkages. Elevated ST6Gal-I positively correlates with metastasis and poor survival, and therefore ST6Gal-I–mediated hypersialylation likely plays a role in colorectal tumor invasion. Previously we found that oncogenic ras (present in roughly 50% of colon adenocarcinomas) up-regulates ST6Gal-I and, in turn, increases sialylation of β1 integrin adhesion receptors in colon epithelial cells. However, we wanted to know if this pattern held true in vivo and, if so, how β1 hypersialylation might contribute to colon tumor progression. In the present study, we find that β1 integrins from colon adenocarcinomas consistently carry higher levels of α2-6 sialic acid. To explore the effects of increased α2-6 sialylation on β1-integrin function, we stably expressed ST6Gal-I in a colon epithelial cell line lacking endogenous ST6Gal-I. ST6Gal-I expressors (with α2-6 sialylated β1 integrins) exhibited up-regulated attachment to collagen I and laminin and increased haptotactic migration toward collagen I, relative to parental cells (with completely unsialylated β1 integrins). Blockade of ST6Gal-I expression with short interfering RNA reversed collagen binding back to the level of ST6Gal-I nonexpressors, confirming that α2-6 sialylation regulates β1 integrin function. Finally, we show that β1 integrins from ST6Gal-I expressors have increased association with talin, a marker for integrin activation. Collectively, these findings suggest that β1 hypersialylation may augment colon tumor progression by altering cell preference for certain extracellular matrix milieus, as well as by stimulating cell migration.
Overexpression of the heat-shock protein 70 is associated to imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: M Pocaly, V Lagarde, G Etienne, J-A Ribeil, S Claverol, M Bonneu, F Moreau-Gaudry, V Guyonnet-Duperat, O Hermine, J V Melo, M Dupouy, B Turcq, F-X Mahon, J-M Pasquet
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
A piece of my mind. Tears
Authors: P. S. Krauser
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Mark I. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1981)

RECENT successes with in vitro fertilization (IVF) in England by Patrick C. Steptoe, MD, and Robert Edwards, PhD, have led to a tremendous upsurge of interest in human extra-corporeal fertilization. Such interests are heightened by the large number of women for whom the development of human IVF would represent the most likely opportunity for fertility. Based on the state of the art today,<sup>1</sup>the eventual application of IVF for the treatment of female infertility caused by tubal pathological conditions would seem assured. Virginia has now licensed the first clinic at Norfolk. In vitro fertilization raises several ethical issues that have been debated in scientific literature and the popular press.<sup>2-4</sup>As a result of the controversy, the former Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW), now the Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS), imposed a de facto moratorium by prohibiting federal funding for human IVF research in the
Risk assessment for the harmful effects of UVB radiation on the immunological resistance to infectious diseases.
Authors: W Goettsch, J Garssen, W Slob, F R de Gruijl, H Van Loveren
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Risk assessment comprises four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. In this study, the effects of increased ultraviolet B(UVB, 280-315 nm) radiation on immune functions and the immunological resistance to infectious diseases in rats were analyzed according to this strategy. In a parallelogram approach, nonthreshold mathematical methods were used to estimate the risk for the human population after increased exposure to UVB radiation. These data demonstrate, using a worst-case strategy (sensitive individuals, no adaptation), that exposure for approximately 90 min (local noon) at 40 degrees N in July might lead to 50% suppression of specific T-cell mediated responses to Listeria monocytogenes in humans who were not preexposed to UVB (i.e., not adapted). Additionally, a 5% decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer might shorten this exposure time by approximately 2.5%. These data demonstrate that UVB radiation, at doses relevant to outdoor exposure, may affect the specific cellular immune response to Listeria bacteria in humans. Whether this will also lead to a lowered resistance (i.e.,increased pathogenic load) in humans is not known, although it was demonstrated that UVB-induced immunosuppression in rats was sufficient to increase the pathogenic load. Epidemiology studies are needed to validate and improve estimates for the potential effects of increased UVB exposure on infectious diseases in humans.
Response to Comment on: Gaillard et al. HDL Dysfunctionality (Paraoxonase) Is Worse in Nondiabetic, Postmenopausal African American Than in White Women. Diabetes Care 2011;34:e19
Authors: Trudy Gaillard, Sampath Parthasarathy, Kwame Osei
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We agree with the findings of Viktorinova and Kinova (1) in a recent pilot study of 75 nondiabetic white subjects (mean age 42.6 ± 7 years) with no prior history of cardiovascular disease and/or hypertension that examined the relationship between paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme activity and lipid risk factors. The authors found no significant differences in levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein …
Resolution of pace mapping stimulus site separation using body surface potentials.
Authors: L S Green, R L Lux, P R Ershler, R A Freedman, F I Marcus, K Gear
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Several studies have related 12-lead ECG waveform during ventricular tachycardia to ECG waveform during ventricular pacing to identify ablation sites for therapy of ventricular tachycardia. QRS isopotential maps and QRS isointegral maps derived from body surface isopotential maps have also been correlated with left ventricular pacing sites with the same objective. The comparison process used is subjective and only semiquantitative. Improved accuracy of catheter placement may improve success rates of ablation therapy.This animal study was performed to determine the spatial resolution with which left ventricular pacing sites could be distinguished by body surface isopotential mapping. Potentials were recorded from 64 evenly spaced thoracic leads. Hexapolar or octapolar pacing catheters with 2-mm interelectrode spacing were placed percutaneously in the left ventricle in each of six dogs, and bipolar endocardial pacing was performed using each pair of adjacent electrodes. QRS isopotential maps of each pacing site for each catheter placement were cross-correlated by computer. Difference maps for each pair of pacing sites were calculated lead by lead and time instant by time instant, and root-mean-square voltage differences were calculated. Results indicated that correlation coefficients and root-mean-square error of voltage differences monotonically decrease and increase, respectively, with stimulus site separation. Both measures were significantly different (P < .05) for separations of 4 mm or more.A method of quantitative comparison of body surface potential maps can be used in normal hearts to localize ventricular pacing sites within a 4-mm range. The method may have utility in determining potential ablation sites for therapy of ventricular tachycardia or preexcitation syndromes.
Loss of caveolin‐1 from bronchial epithelial cells and monocytes in human subjects with asthma
Authors: S. N. Bains, E. Tourkina, C. Atkinson, K. Joseph, B. Tholanikunnel, H. W. Chu, E. C. Riemer, R. Martin, S. Hoffman
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Caveolin‐1 has emerged as a critical regulator of signaling pathways involved in lung fibrosis and inflammation. Methods Therefore, we investigated whether caveolin‐1 is deficient in asthmatic patients and in a murine model of asthma. Results Immunohistochemical analyses of endobronchial biopsies showed a remarkable loss of caveolin‐1 in the lungs of asthmatic patients compared with controls. This loss was most evident in bronchial epithelial cells and associated with an increase in the expression of extracellular matrix proteins: collagen I, tenascin, and periostin. Cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatics had lower caveolin‐1 expression compared with control cells. In addition, caveolin‐1 expression was significantly decreased in peripheral blood monocytes from asthma patients. The loss of caveolin‐1 was also observed in a mouse model for asthma (mice sensitized and challenged with aspergillus fumigatus). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that the regulatory protein caveolin‐1 is reduced in patients with asthma.
PARASITIC INFESTATION OF THE NOSE
Authors: HAROLD LIGGETT
Journal: JAMA (1931)

This paper is presented because of the relative rarity of literature on nasal parasites and the limited remarks found in textbooks on rhinology. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> M. H., a girl, aged 15 years, presented herself to the laryngologic clinic of New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, complaining of a marked nasal discharge and the hawking of pus. The latter symptom was always preceded by a tickling sensation in the roof of the mouth. A vigorous attempt to clear the throat resulted in the expectoration of a living insect, many-legged, dark brown and about 1 cm. long. The appearance of the insects occurred at intervals, usually from two to four weeks apart. Only one or two, rarely three insects appeared at any one time. The patient first noticed the "buggs" in May, 1929, following an appendectomy, which was complicated by persistent vomiting. She recalls that only once, previous to
Erythrocytes as carriers of chemotherapeutic agents for targeting the reticuloendothelial system
Authors: William E. Lynch, George P. Sartiano, Abdul Ghaffar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract The object of this work was to define a model using hypotonically loaded erythrocytes as a vehicle to target drugs to the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The optimum hemolytic event was found to occur at 100 mOsm/kg using a 0.5‐min exposure at 0°C. Approximately one third of the total volume of the cells could be replaced with hypotonic drug solutions under these conditions. Although cytosine‐β‐D‐arabinofuranoside, ara C, is membrane permeable and could not be entrapped in the erythrocytes, phosphorylation of this nucleoside antimetabolite enabled it to be loaded efficiently. Actinomycin D could be loaded and retained within the cells at 0°C, but 90% of this loaded drug leaked out of the erythrocytes in 1 min at 37°C. Actinomycin D‐DNA complexes, however, could be loaded and retained for longer periods. In this case, 50% of the DNA‐bound drug was retained in the cells for one hour at 37°C. It was found that the glycopeptide antitumor antibiotic, bleomycin, could be entrapped and retained in the cells without appreciable leakage. It was possible to load a human therapeutic dose of this drug in 1–2 ml of packed cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that bleomycin entrapped in erythrocytes was significantly more effective than the same dose of free drug in suppressing the phagocytic function of the RES in Balb/C and C 3 H mice. The rationale is discussed for the possible use of these drugs, entrapped in erythrocytes, for the production of RES blockade in the treatment of disorders in man.
Global university course launched on health advocacy
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A new global university, the International People's Health University, marked its official launch last week by running a five day course for health activists on primary health care and the political economy of health. The course was run at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Cuenca, Equador, immediately before the People's Health Assembly.

The course was attended by 61 people, from 25 different countries, with a strong representation from Latin America and other low and medium income countries. Most of those attending were doctors already involved in or committed to developing skills in health advocacy to augment their work as public health physicians, specialists in primary care, or within non-governmental organisations.

The convenor, …
B‐cell receptor configuration and adverse cytogenetics are associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Francesco Maura, Carlo Visco, Erika Falisi, Gianluigi Reda, Sonia Fabris, Luca Agnelli, Giacomo Tuana, Marta Lionetti, Nicola Guercini, Elisabetta Novella, Ilaria Nichele, Anna Montaldi, Francesco Autore, Anna Gregorini, Wilma Barcellini, Vincenzo Callea, Francesca R. Mauro, Luca Laurenti, Robin Foà, Antonino Neri, Francesco Rodeghiero, Agostino Cortelezzi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract The development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with specific biological features. The occurrence of AIHA was hereby investigated in a retrospective series of 585 CLL patients with available immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene status. AIHA occurred in 73 patients and was significantly associated with an IGHV unmutated (UM) status ( P &lt; 0.0001) and unfavorable [del(17)(p13) and del(11)(q23)] cytogenetic lesions ( P &lt; 0.0001). Stereotyped HCDR3 sequences were identified in 29.6% of cases and were similarly represented among patients developing or not AIHA; notably, subset #3 was associated with a significantly higher risk of AIHA than the other patients ( P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that UM IGHV, del(17)(p13) and del(11)(q23), but not stereotyped subset #3, were the strongest independent variables associated with AIHA. Based on these findings, we generated a biological risk score for AIHA development according to the presence of none (low risk), one (intermediated risk), or two (high risk) of the independent risk factors. Overall, our data indicate that UM IGHV status and/or unfavorable cytogenetic lesions are associated with the risk of developing secondary AIHA in CLL patients and suggest a possible role of specific stereotyped B‐cell receptor subsets in a proportion of cases. Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
"Vaccine hesitancy" means scientists need to be more honest about risks
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells involved in initiating the immune response, presenting antigens to T cells and leading to T cell proliferation. In an immature state, DCs lack accessory signals required for T cell stimulation but are highly specialised to capture antigens. Full DC maturation changes the cell surface phenotype and facilitates stimulation of T cell proliferative responses. To examine the degree of DC maturity associated with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), the authors examined the phenotype and antigen-presentation capability of blood derived DCs from VKC patients and from normal controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Flow cytometry was used to identify the cell surface expression of markers of DC maturity (CD83, CD86, major histocompatibility complex class II) and mixed leucocyte reactions to assess DC induction of T cell proliferation. <h3>Results</h3> DCs derived from VKC patients were of a more mature phenotype than those from normal controls. However, these VKC DCs had reduced capability for induction of T cell proliferation compared with DCs from controls. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The increased maturity of DCs in VKC patients correlates with the heightened immune responsiveness associated with this disorder. A number of mechanisms may underlie the impaired ability of DCs in atopy to stimulate T cell proliferation. This impairment of DC induction of T cell activation is likely to be one factor which contributes to the modified inflammatory response seen in VKC patients and the recognised susceptibility of these patients to viral infection.
Effect of a general practitioner's consulting style.
Authors: R Savage, D Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1991)

pathy ... lest the term delude us into thinking that we understand what is going on."If increased capillary pressure is essential for red cell extravasation then it is possible that altered blood rheology is involved.During strenuous exercise stiffening of red cells induced by catecholamine occurs, and changed renal function results in high molecular weight proteinuria'°and haematuria4 in healthy subjects.It should be noted that IgA nephropathy is associated with both a high incidence of haematuria and altered blood rheology. 10here are several published claims that phase contrast microscopy of urinary sediment can dis- tinguish cells of "glomerular" origin from those of "non-glomerular" origin, but a study of the effects on the shape of red cells when normal blood was mixed with normal and pathological urine (Simpson, unpublished data) showed that glomerular type red cells were present at two minutes and persisted for 90 minutes.Small percentages of non-glomerular cells persisted throughout the study.Thus it seems that glomerular red cells are a response to the urinary environment.Although there may be good clinical reasons for measuring the red cell content of haematuric urine, it may be more diagnostically rewarding to determine whether or not there is an associated haemorrheological abnormality.
Randomized, Double-Blinded, Multicenter, Phase II Study of Pemetrexed, Carboplatin, and Bevacizumab with Enzastaurin or Placebo in Chemonaïve Patients with Stage IIIB/IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Hoosier Oncology Group LUN06-116
Authors: Erin M. Casey, Wael Harb, Daniel Bradford, Jose Bufill, Sreenivasa Nattam, Jyoti Patel, William Fisher, Jane E. Latz, Xiaochun Li, Jingwei Wu, Nasser Hanna
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)