tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE COMMON COLD
Authors: A. R. Dochez, K. C. Mills, Yale Kneeland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. Studies of the cultivation of the virus of common cold in tissue medium, and the capacity of the culture virus to induce infection in human volunteers are reported. 2. Detailed descriptions are given of the methods employed to isolate the virus, preserve and cultivate it, and to test its activity in human volunteers. 3. The virus of common cold can easily be isolated from properly selected patients and cultivated in tissue medium. 4. When kept in the original nasopharyngeal washings, the virus will survive at ice box temperature under anaerobic conditions for at least 13 days. 5. If the nasopharyngeal washings are frozen and dried in vacuo, the virus retains its activity for at least 4 months. 6. The virus of common cold has been proven to multiply in medium containing chick embryo tissue. Such cultures retain their capacity to produce typical infections in human beings for many transfers involving a period of several months. Attempts to cultivate the virus have been successful in seven out of eight instances. 7. Prolonged cultivation of the virus in tissue medium eventually leads to a loss of activity. 8. Strains of virus under cultivation maintain their potency best when transfers are made at 2 and 3 day intervals. 9. After removal from the incubator a culture of virus rapidly becomes inactive whether it be kept under seal in the ice box or frozen and dried in vacuo. 10. The destructive action of the medium can be prevented if the culture is mixed with gum acacia before freezing and drying in vacuo.
Familial type II protein C deficiency associated with warfarin‐induced skin necrosis and bilateral adrenal hemorrhage
Authors: Maureen G. Conlan, Alan Bridges, Eliot Williams, Richard Marlar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract A family is described in which venous thromboembolic disease is associated with reduced plasma protein C activity and normal levels of protein C antigen. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of protein C antigen gave an abnormal pattern in all affected members, suggesting that the disorder is related to the presence of a structurally and functionally abnormal form of protein C. The propositus developed simultaneous warfarin‐induced skin necrosis and bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. This is the first reported instance of warfarin‐induced skin necrosis associated with a dysfunctional protein C molecule and the first reported instance of simultaneous warfarin‐induced skin necrosis and bilateral adrenal hemorrhage.
IMPACT OF CORONARY BIFURCATION ANGLE ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN REAL-WORLD PRACTICE: RESULTS FROM THE COBIS (CORONARY BIFURCATION STENTING) REGISTRY
Authors: Jeong Hoon Yang, Young Bin Song, Pil Sang Song, Kye Taek Ahn, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Jin-Ho Choi, Sang Hoon Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Albumin to ascites: demonstration of a direct pathway bypassing the systemic circulation
Authors: D. S. Zimmon, M. Oratz, R. Kessler, S. S. Schreiber, M. A. Rothschild
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The transport of plasma albumin and newly made albumin into ascitic fluid was studied in eight patients with cirrhosis and ascites. The thoracic duct was cannulated in two patients and lymph collected over a period of 2 hr. Simultaneously albumin-(131)I and carbonate-(14)C were injected intravenously. The albumin-(131)I measured the transfer of plasma albumin into ascites and into thoracic duct lymph. The carbonate-(14)C, by labeling newly formed albumin, permitted the estimation of the transfer of newly formed albumin into plasma, ascites, and lymph. If the newly synthesized albumin entering ascites and thoracic duct lymph is delivered initially into the plasma, then the ratios of the albumin-(14)C and -(131)I in ascites and lymph compared with the content of albumin-(14)C and -(131)I in plasma would be identical. However, if some newly formed albumin is delivered directly into ascites or lymph, the ratio for albumin-(14)C would be higher than that for albumin-(131)I in lymph or ascites. The ratios of both labeled albumins found in ascites or lymph are expressed as per cent of the total plasma pool. In the eight patients studied 4.2-11.7% of the albumin-(14)C in plasma was found in ascites in 2 hr whereas only 0.4-2.2% of plasma albumin-(131)I entered in this same period. In the two patients studied during thoracic duct lymph drainage 6.1 and 13.5% of newly made albumin-(14)C appeared in lymph in 2 hr whereas only 2.8 and 3.8% of plasma albumin-(131)I was found in the lymph. In cirrhosis with ascites some newly formed albumin entered ascites and thoracic duct lymph by a direct pathway from the liver bypassing the systemic circulation.
Physiologic and Pharmacologic Regulation of Bone Resorption
Authors: Louis M. Sherwood, Edith E. Parris, Lawrence G. Raisz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

CURRENT research has emphasized the importance of changes in hone resorption, not only in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, but also in the pathogenesis and therapy of metabolic bone disease. Only a few of the many agents that affect bone resorption are physiologic regulators (Table 1) — that is, factors that act directly on bone-resorbing cells, maintain homeostasis in the presence of a deficiency or excess of calcium and are essential for bone growth and remodeling. Thyroxine, glucocorticoids, growth hormone and pyrophosphate (as well as substances yet to be discovered), may be added to this list as evidence accumulates concerning . . .
NEW ROTATION PARAMETER, &amp;lsquo;TORSION REGIONAL&amp;rsquo; CAN PREDICT CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY: THREE-DIMENTIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING IMAGING ANALYSIS
Authors: Yasuharu Lee, Masami Nishino, Atsushi Kikuchi, Naoki Mori, Takeshi Masaki, Takahiro Yoshimura, Daisuke Nakamura, Masayuki Taniike, Nobuhiko Makino, Hiroyasu Kato, Yasuyuki Egami, Ryu Shutta, Hisaki Morita, Jun Tanouchi, Yoshio Yamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Psychosexual Adjustment in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Daniel D. Federman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The hormones of the adrenal cortex play a critical part in both daily life and the reaction to stress. Aldosterone is crucial in the regulation of sodium balance and blood volume, and cortisol is needed both to assist in postural adaptations and to allow for the intermittent, rather than constant, availability of food. In acute stress, the output of cortisol is increased 5- to 10-fold by the actions of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The overlapping roles of aldosterone and cortisol are, as Monod said of each step in evolution, explainable if not predictable.What is less clear about the adrenal cortex, . . .
Vaccination for Autumnal Hay-Fever
Authors: Edward J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Analysis by the federal chemists is reported to have shown that the article contained alcohol (4Ü.3 per cent.),chloro- form and morphin.Since the presence of none of these ingre- dients was declared on the label, although required by the Food and Drugs Act, the product was declared misbranded.
Abstract 567: Withaferin A-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is associated with suppression of inhibitor of apoptosis family protein expression
Authors: Joomin Lee, Eun-Ryeong Hahm, Shivendra V. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Withaferin A (WA) is a promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of a traditional Indian medicine (Ayurvedic medicine) plant, Withania somnifera. This plant has been safely used for centuries in India for the treatment of different ailments. We have shown previously that WA treatment suppresses the growth of cultured (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) as well as xenografted (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cells by causing apoptosis but the mechanism of cell death is not fully understood. The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family proteins, including X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP), Survivin, cIAP1, and cIAP2, have emerged as critical regulators of apoptosis by functioning as inhibitors of caspases. The IAP family proteins are also implicated in adaptive response to cellular stress and immune responses. The present study was designed to determine the role of IAP family proteins in execution of WA-induced apoptosis. Exposure of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells to WA resulted in downregulation of XIAP, Survivin, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins as judged by western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis. The WA-mediated downregulation of cIAP2 and Survivin proteins was attributable to their transcriptional repression. On the other hand, WA treatment promoted proteasomal degradation of XIAP and cIAP1 proteins. Overexpression of XIAP, Survivin, and cIAP2 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells conferred significant resistance towards WA-induced apoptosis. Moreover, WA-mediated inhibition of MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth in vivo was accompanied by statistically significant decrease in Survivin protein expression in the tumor. The WA treatment caused activation of intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways. Furthermore, the WA-induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated in the presence of caspase inhibitors. In conclusion, the present study indicates that WA-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is mediated by downregulation of IAP family proteins. This investigation was supported by the US PHS grant CA142604 awarded by the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 567. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-567
A LIGHT AEROPLANE SPLINT THAT PERMITS MOBILITY OF THE ELBOW
Authors: C. H. Baldwin
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Various splints for holding the arm in abduction while treating various conditions involving the arm and shoulder have been described. Many of the splints do not abduct the arm; practically all of them are bulky; many are difficult to hold in position, and none, so far as I have been able to find out, permit free motion of the elbow. In producing any splint or brace that is to be used over a considerable period, there are three things that demand attention: it must be efficient, practical and comfortable. Unless a brace fulfils these requirements, it is in a measure a failure. Removable abduction splints are notoriously uncomfortable and are difficult to maintain in position. Unless they are maintained in proper position, they fail to accomplish their purpose. Fitchet and Thorndike<sup>1</sup>have called attention to the fact that most abduction splints fail to abduct properly the humerus because motions
Dying from cancer in developed and developing countries: lessons from two qualitative interview studies of patients and their carers
Authors: S. A Murray
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To describe the experiences of illness and needs and use of services in two groups of patients with incurable cancer, one in a developed country and the other in a developing country.Scotland: longitudinal study with qualitative interviews. Kenya: cross sectional study with qualitative interviews.Lothian region, Scotland, and Meru District, Kenya.Scotland: 20 patients with inoperable lung cancer and their carers. Kenya: 24 patients with common advanced cancers and their main informal carers.Descriptions of experiences, needs, and available services.67 interviews were conducted in Scotland and 46 in Kenya. The emotional pain of facing death was the prime concern of Scottish patients and their carers, while physical pain and financial worries dominated the lives of Kenyan patients and their carers. In Scotland, free health and social services (including financial assistance) were available, but sometimes underused. In Kenya, analgesia, essential equipment, suitable food, and assistance in care were often inaccessible and unaffordable, resulting in considerable unmet physical needs. Kenyan patients thought that their psychological, social, and spiritual needs were met by their families, local community, and religious groups. Some Scottish patients thought that such non-physical needs went unmet.In patients living in developed and developing countries there are differences not only in resources available for patients dying from cancer but also in their lived experience of illness. The expression of needs and how they are met in different cultural contexts can inform local assessment of needs and provide insights for initiatives in holistic cancer care.
Imbalanced switch of the IGHG (immunoglobulin constant heavy G chain) Gm(bfn) genes in atopic childhood asthma
Authors: V‐A. Oxelius
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: The IGHG genes on chromosome 14q32, 5′μδγ3 γ1α1 γ2 γ4 εα2 3′, as studied by Gm allotypes, are involved in the inheritance of atopy. The 5′μδ b f α1 n γ4 εα2 3′, Gm(bfn) haplotype of the genetic B1‐cell variant has been found to be associated with the atopic phenotype of children with bronchial asthma. Methods: An indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation in serum of the alternative serum Gm allotypes from the γ3‐, γ1‐, and γ2 loci and radial immunodiffusion for quantitation of IgG subclasses were used. Children with the genetic B1‐cell variants B1/B1 (=Gm[bfn/bfn]), B1/B2 (=Gm[bfn/bf‐n]), and B1/B4 (=Gm[bfn/ga‐n]) and bronchial asthma were investigated and compared to healthy children of the same age and B‐cell type. Results: The three groups with B1/B1, B1/B2, and B1/B4 cells exhibited increased IgE. In both homozygous and heterozygous B1 or Gm(bfn), the serum G1m(f) levels from γ1 loci were significantly downregulated to 75% of normal, while G2m(n) from γ2 loci were significantly upregulated to about double the normal level. In heterozygous patients with additional B2 or B4 cells, the G2m(‐n) levels from γ2 loci were instead downregulated. G1m(a) from γ1 of B4 cells was also downregulated. Conclusions: Children with atopic bronchial asthma demonstrated an imbalanced class switch in rearrangement of the genes for IgG. The activity of G1m(f) from the γ1 locus was downregulated, but G2m(n) from γ2 was upregulated together with the closely situated ε locus downstream of the IGH genes. Low levels of G1m(f), G1m(a), and G2m(‐n) indicated a low pressure of infections. The imbalanced activation of the IGH genes in more hygienic environments might be one explanation of the increased prevalence of atopy in children in recent decades.
Community-associated methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and impetigo
Authors: P. Del Giudice, P. Hubiche
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, We read with great interest the article by Liu et al.1 They investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus causing impetigo in children in China from 2003 to 2007. The incidence of community‐associated methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (CA‐MRSA) was 1·1%. The authors concluded that CA‐MRSA is uncommon in children in China. This low percentage is not surprising as it could result from a major bias in their study. Staphylococcal impetigo is caused by strains harbouring the exfoliative gene. However CA‐MRSA clones harbouring exfoliative genes have only rarely been reported.2, 3 Indeed most CA‐MRSA clones isolated worldwide do not harbour the exfoliative genes but the Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL) gene.4,S. aureus harbouring the PVL gene cause suppurative skin infections such as abscesses and furuncles and are not isolated from impetigo.5, 6 Therefore to avoid important biases when studying the incidence of CA‐MRSA in skin infections it is of major importance to include suppurative skin infections such as abscesses and furuncles.7 8–9
Myth and Stereotype in the Clinical Medicine of Old Age
Authors: Frederic D. Zeman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

MANY years ago Dr. William Welch, one of the four great founders of the Johns Hopkins Medical School, made the sage comment not only that we need new medical research, but, even more importantly, that we need to apply what we have already learned. The study of the development of knowledge of old age indicates that the later years of life have been the proper concern of physicians from Hippocrates and Galen, and of philosophers such as Plato and Cicero, through the Middle Ages and Renaissance down to the present day, when quantitative pressures have brought these questions new importance . . .
THE EXTRACTION OF CATARACT WITHOUT IRIDECTOMY.
Authors: S. D. RISLEY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Until very recently I have performed all extractions of cataract by the combined method, that is to say, with iridectomy, and in a considerable percentage of cases the iridectomy was performed as a preliminary operation from four to six weeks before the extraction was undertaken. This plan was adopted for the reason that I believed the prognosis was better, especially with preliminary iridectomy. For the past few years, prompted by the favorable reports of other surgeons, I have done the simple extraction, but with a few exceptions only in selected cases. The grounds for selection were the absence of any noteworthy pathological history, or discoverable indication of pronounced uveal disease; a promptly reacting iris, a pupil which dilated readily to at least large medium under a mydriatic; and a lens with more or less well-defined sectors and without transparent anterior cortex, that is to say a ripe cataract. A long
Spontaneous Reversion of FTA-ABS Test Reactions
Authors: Robert E. Burns
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In a series of 56 clinically healthy persons with no history of syphilis and negative VDRL tests but reactive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) tests, 20 spontaneously developed nonreactive FTA-ABS tests in a period of eight months or less. All but one of these had been of 2+ or less fluorescence. In such a situation, the serologic tests for syphilis (VDRL and FTA-ABS tests) should be repeated at intervals for up to a year before coming to a decision regarding the diagnosis of syphilis. Laboratories could facilitate that decision by reporting degrees of fluorescence of the FTA-ABS test. (<i>JAMA</i>234:617-618, 1975)
Topical intranasal corticosteroids in 4-11 year old children with persistent bilateral otitis media with effusion in primary care: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: I. Williamson, S. Benge, S. Barton, S. Petrou, L. Letley, N. Fasey, M. Haggard, P. Little
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the clinical effectiveness of topical intranasal corticosteroids in children with bilateral otitis media with effusion. <b>Design</b> Double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 76 Medical Research Council General Practice Research Framework practices throughout the United Kingdom, between 2004 and 2007. <b>Participants</b> 217 children aged 4-11 years who had at least one practice recorded episode of otitis media or a related ear problem in the previous 12 months, and with bilateral otitis media with effusion confirmed by a research nurse using otoscopy plus micro-tympanometry (B/B or B/C2, modified Jerger types). <b>Intervention</b> Mometasone furoate 50 µg or placebo spray given once daily into each nostril for three months. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Proportions of children cured of bilateral otitis media with effusion assessed with tympanometry (C1 or A type) at one month (primary end point), three months, and nine months; adverse events; three month diary symptoms. <b>Results </b>41% (39/96) of the topical steroid group and 45% (44/98) of the placebo group were cured in one or both ears at one month (difference favouring placebo 4.3% (95% confidence interval −9.3% to 18.1%). Poisson regression was done with adjustment for four pre-specified covariates (clinical severity, P=0.003; atopy, P=0.67; age, P=0.92; season, P=0.71). The adjusted relative risk at one month was 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.26). At three months, 58% of the topical steroid group and 52% of the placebo group were cured (relative risk 1.23, 0.84 to 1.80). Diary symptoms did not differ between the two groups, and no significant harms were reported. <b>Conclusions</b> Topical steroids are unlikely to be an effective treatment for otitis media with effusion in general practice. High rates of natural resolution occurred by 1-3 months. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN38988331; National Research Register NO575123823; MREC 03/11/073.
Impact of cigarette smoking on rates and clinical prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Southern Mexico
Authors: Robert A. Bonacci, Luis Pablo Cruz-Hervert, Lourdes García-García, Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, Leticia Ferreyra-Reyes, Miriam Bobadilla-del-Valle, Sergio Canizales-Quintero, Elizabeth Ferreira-Guerrero, Renata Báez-Saldaña, Norma Téllez-Vázquez, Norma Mongua-Rodríguez, Rogelio Montero-Campos, Guadalupe Delgado-Sánchez, Rosa Areli Martínez-Gamboa, Bulmaro Cano-Arellano, José Sifuentes-Osornio, Alfredo Ponce de León
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Naturally occurring hepatitis B virus core gene mutations
Authors: Ulus S. Akarca, Anna S. F. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core gene may influence disease activity by altering immune recognition sites or level of virus replication. Sera from 69 Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection were analyzed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplification of HBV DNA to determine the frequency and location of naturally occurring HBV core gene mutations. All but one patient had nucleotide changes, and 44 (64%) patients had at least one amino acid change (mean, 3.7; range, 1-13) when compared with published sequences. Multiple regression analysis showed that the frequency of core gene mutations was significantly associated with precore stop-codon mutation, hepatitis B e antigen negativity, and active liver disease, but not patients' age. The mean number of amino acid changes/patient for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with elevated versus normal aminotransferase levels were, respectively, 2.8 ± 0.4 and 0.6 ± 0.2. The corresponding values for HBeAg-negative patients were, respectively, 5.0 ± 1.2 and 6.0 ± 1.5. Thirteen patients were serially studied, the mean rates of amino acid substitution in HBeAg-positive patients who did or did not clear HBeAg during follow-up were 5.7 ± 0.8 and 0 per codon/yr. Most of the mutations were clustered in the middle of the core gene that harbor several major B- and helper T-cell epitopes. Very few mutations were found in the C-terminal part of the core gene. In summary, mutations in the core gene can be frequently detected in patients with chronic HBV infection. These mutations occur predominantly around the time of HBeAg clearance when liver disease is most active. (HEPATOLOGY 1995; 22:50–60).