tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contribution of External Forces to Left Ventricular Diastolic Pressure: Implications for the Clinical Use of the Starling Law
Authors: Kent Dauterman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To test whether a substantial proportion of measured resting left ventricular diastolic pressure stems from forces external to the left ventricle (such as right-heart filling) in normal and chronically diseased hearts. Design: Nonrandomized study with single intervention. Setting: University hospital. Patients: 29 patients referred for cardiac catheterization who had normal left ventricles and ejection fractions (n = 12); chronic heart disease due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 6); ischemic heart disease (n = 6); or left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 5). Intervention: Acute reduction of external forces imposed on the left ventricle using balloon obstruction of inferior vena caval inflow to the right heart. Measurements: Continuous catheter-derived left ventricular pressure-volume data before and after abrupt obstruction of inferior vena caval inflow. Diastolic pressures were measured at the same volume just before atrial systole before and after sudden decrease of external (right-heart and pericardial) forces. The resulting decline in pressure was a measure of the contribution of these external forces to resting left ventricular diastolic pressure. Results: The decline in pressure when external forces were released averaged −19%±13% with minimal change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume ( −3.66%±6.7%) and cardiac output ( −5%±8%). In all patients combined, the decline in pressure when external forces (Delta Pd) were released correlated with resting left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVPd) given by: Delta Pd = 0.38 x (LVPd − 6) (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001). This indicates that when resting diastolic pressure was more than 6 mm Hg, almost 38% of the pressure was due to external factors. This percentage was similar among all subgroups. Furthermore, the left ventricular diastolic pressure could be reduced by this percentage with only minimal compromise to ventricular filling and cardiac output. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of measured resting left ventricular diastolic pressure stems from forces extrinsic to the left ventricle rather than from diastolic stiffness in the left ventricle itself. This markedly influences the dependence of cardiac output on filling pressure and has important implications for clinical application of the Starling law.
Survival of a Renal Homograft by Means of a Negative Electrical Field
Authors: Rogelio E. Vega
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This study was initiated to see if the idea of a "privileged sanctuary" which has been tested successfully in tiny tissue grafts can be adopted in experiments with large organ grafts such as the kidney. The term "privileged sanctuary": in immunology naturally recalls to mind the cell-impermeable, Millipore diffusion chambers, and such other favored sites as the brain, anterior chamber of the eye, and the cheek pouch of the Syrian hamster. The method proposed in this experiment to bestow upon the kidney homograft a "privileged" status was inspired mainly by the discovery of Carey and Lepley<sup>1</sup>that when electric current is applied to open wounds, lymphocytes tend to stay away from the negative pole. Succinctly stated, the problem then was to see if lymphocytes and other immunologically competent cells will stay away from a kidney homograft which is surrounded by a negative electrical field. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Ten healthy
H-2 compatability requirement for T-cell-mediated lysis of target cells infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Different cytotoxic T-cell specificities are associated with structures coded for in H-2K or H-2D;.
Authors: R M Zinkernagel, P C Doherty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Use of syngeneic, allogeneic, F1, AND H-2 recombinatn mice has shown that animals injected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus generate T cells which are cytotoxic for H-2K or H-2D compatible, but not H-2 different, virus-infected target cells. Three separate lines of evidence are presented which indicate that these immune T cells are sensitized to "altered-self," the self antigens involved being coded for in the H-2K or H-2d regions. Firstly, cytotoxic activity associated with mutuality at H-2D iy, lysis mediated by immune T cells from F1 or H-2 recombinant mice is specifically inhibited only by presence of unlabeled, virus-infected cells that are H-2 compatible with the targets. Thirdly, LCM-immune F1 and H-2 recombinant T cells inoculated into irradiated, virus-infected recipients proliferate only to kill target cells that are H-2 compatible with both the donor and the recipient. All of these experiments establish that there is a dissociation of T-cell activities between parental haplotypes in F1 mice, and between H-2K and H-2D in recombinants. It would thus seem that there are at least two specificities of tlcm-immune T cells in homozygotes, associated with either H-2K or H-2D, and four specificities in F1 hybrids. The significance of these findings, with respect both to gene duplication and to the marked polymorphism in the H-2 system, is discussed.
Vascular Surgery vol 1: Peripheral Arterial Diseases
Authors: Alan Marty
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Written with a search for essence typical of a surgical pioneer, this book contains many original contributions based on the author's own data. These include sections on arterial embolism, the clinical differences between diabetic and nondiabetic vascular disease, the role of sympathectomy, experience with vein or arterial bypass grafts for intracranial occlusive lesions, and the creation of arteriovenous fistulae to augment growth of short limbs in children. A unique chapter on cold injury successfully combines clinically relevant information with experimental data. The chapters on vascular trauma, thoracic aneurysms, Raynaud phenomenon, and neurovascular compression syndromes are also worthwhile. The author is particularly fond of using sound pathophysiologic arguments to explode myths—for example, he explains the purely local myogenic nature of traumatic arterial spasm, thus decrying the use of systemic vasodilators of sympathetic blockade for this surgical disease. While operative results are usually well reported, they are curiously omitted in the discussions
Abstract C14: The thyroid hormone-sonic hedgehog cross-talk in the tumorigenesis of basal cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Monica Dentice, Cristina Luongo, Raffaele Ambrosio, Domenico Salvatore
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The pro-hormone, thyroxine (T4), must be converted into T3 in order to be active. This metabolic process has been increasingly recognized as an essential mechanism that regulates thyroid hormone (TH) action at cellular level. TH action is regulated by the activity of the deiodinases, which can either activate (D1, D2) or inactivate (D3) the prohormone. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway plays a critical role in tumor development, In skin, constitutive Shh signaling causes basal cell carcinoma (BCCs) the most common cancer in humans. We have recently demonstrated that Shh-Gli2 pathway induces D3 in human and mouse BCCs, however the role of D3 and T3-depletion in BCC tumor formation and maintenance is unknown. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that local control of TH action- through regulation of deiodinases- is a necessary step for the action of Shh pathway. To this aim, BCC cells, G2N2c were grown in thyroid hormone deprived media (charcoal serum -CS), or CS plus exogenous T3 at different concentrations. We observed a reduction in the growing rate directly correlated to the concentrations of T3 in the media. Furthermore, in the same cells, T3 interferes specifically and directly with Gli2 expression, by reducing Gli2 protein level and activity. These data, together with the finding that Gli2 mRNA does not change in the same setting, indicate that T3 reduced Gli-2 protein at post-transcriptional level. Finally, to study the effect of thyroid hormone on the BCC tumor growth in vivo, we injected nude mice with BCC cells and treated the resulting tumors with a T3-based cream. Tumor weight, showed a significative reduction in tumors size when topically T3-treated. In conclusion, we highlight a functional cross-talk between thyroid hormone and the Shh-signalling in BCC cells. This mechanism could have broad implications, not only to understand the general role of hormones, in particular T3, in the process of tumor formation and growth, but also may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic approaches aimed at interfering with these signals in a pathological context. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C14.
Comparative Proteomics Reveals Evidence for Evolutionary Diversification of Rodent Seminal Fluid and Its Functional Significance in Sperm Competition
Authors: S. A. Ramm, L. McDonald, J. L. Hurst, R. J. Beynon, P. Stockley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

During insemination, males of internally fertilizing species transfer a complex array of seminal fluid proteins to the female reproductive tract. These proteins can have profound effects on female reproductive physiology and behavior and are thought to mediate postcopulatory sexual selection and intersexual conflict. Such selection may cause seminal fluid to evolve rapidly, with potentially important consequences for speciation. Here we investigate the evolution of seminal fluid proteins in a major mammalian radiation, the muroid rodents, by quantifying diversity in seminal fluid proteome composition for the first time across a broad range of closely related species. Using comparative proteomics techniques to identify and cross-match proteins, we demonstrate that rodent seminal fluid is highly diverse at the level of both proteomes and individual proteins. The striking interspecific heterogeneity in seminal fluid composition revealed by our survey far exceeds that seen in a second proteome of comparable complexity, skeletal muscle, indicating that the complement of proteins expressed in seminal fluid may be subject to rapid diversification. We further show that orthologous seminal fluid proteins exhibit substantial interspecific variation in molecular mass. Because this variation cannot be attributed to differential glycosylation or radical differences in termination sites, it is strongly suggestive of rapid amino acid divergence. Sperm competition is implicated in generating such divergence for at least one major seminal fluid protein in our study, SVS II, which is responsible for copulatory plug formation via transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking after insemination. We show that the molecular mass of SVS II is positively correlated with relative testis size across species, which could be explained by selection for an increased number of cross-linking sites involved in the formation of the copulatory plug under sperm competition.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors increase virus gene expression but decrease CD8+ cell antiviral function in HTLV-1 infection
Authors: Angelina Jane Mosley, Kiran N. Meekings, Corinna McCarthy, Dawn Shepherd, Vincenzo Cerundolo, Ralph Mazitschek, Yuetsu Tanaka, Graham P. Taylor, Charles R. Bangham
Journal: Blood (2006)
Acute Hallucinosis Secondary to Pagitane Hydrochloride Administration
Authors: Michael G. Pierik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

VARIOUS compounds of the atropine group have been used with success in treatment of the several types of paralysis agitans. For satisfactory control of symptoms, doses approaching the toxic level are necessary. Most clinicians are familiar with the manifestations of mild overdosage. These include oral dryness, blurred vision, tachycardia and pyrexia. Less well known are the occurrence of delirium, confusion and even frank paranoid psychosis. Fortunately, in about 75 per cent of such cases, the minor symptoms listed above occur before mental changes and are valuable warning signs. Since most of the patients with paralysis agitans are in the arteriosclerotic . . .
Advancing Children’s Rights and Ensuring the Well-being of Children
Authors: Jonathan Todres
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Adjuvant treatment with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid in operable breast cancer: updated results of a randomised trial.
Authors: J Lacour, F Lacour, A Spira, M Michelson, J Y Petit, G Delage, D Sarrazin, G Contesso, J Viguier
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The results of a randomised trial of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid given as adjuvant treatment for operable breast cancer were reviewed after a mean follow up period of 87 months. Of the 300 patients included in the original trial, 145 had been allocated to conventional treatment alone and served as controls. At the time of review the overall survival of the group given polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid was significantly improved (p less than 0.05) as compared with that of the controls given conventional treatment alone. Significant benefit (p less than 0.02) was also observed among patients with evidence of disease in lymph nodes, the best results occurring in those with up to three invaded nodes, who showed a significant increase in both overall and relapse free survival. No evidence of toxicity was recorded. These findings confirm the value of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid as adjuvant treatment for operable breast cancer. Results in an experimental model and in patients receiving the adjuvant suggested a possible role of interferon and natural killer (NK) cells in the mechanism of action.
Omitted Citation to Related Article
Authors: John Y. S. Kim
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Incidence of C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in the native Chinese population by analysis of clinical methods
Authors: Yan Wang, Jing Guo, Hai-Bing Yang, Xuan Han, Ying Yu
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

The aims of the study were to investigate the incidence of C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in a native Chinese population using radiography and clinical examination under microscope and to compare the relative efficacies of these methods. For the recognition of C-shaped root canal system, 1 146 mandibular second molars were selected and examined. Teeth with C-shaped canal systems were categorized by using the radiographic classification criteria and the modified Melton's method. C-shaped canals were identified in 397 (34.64%) mandibular second molars by radiography (type I, 31.23%; type II, 38.29%; type III, 30.48%). Clinical examination showed that 449 (39.18%) cases exhibited C-shaped canal systems (C1, 22.94%; C2, 48.11%; C3a, 15.59%; C3b, 13.36%). As for the result of the radiographic and clinical combined examination, C-shaped root canals were found in 473 (41.27%) mandibular second molars (C1, 21.78%; C2, 45.67%; C3a, 16.70%; C3b, 15.86%). The incidence of C-shaped root canal diagnosed by radiographic method was statistically different from that by clinical examination and the combined examination (P<0.05). The study indicated a high incidence of C-shaped canal system in a Chinese population. The combination of microscopic and radiographic examination is an effective method in identifying the C-shaped root canal system. A combination of radiography and clinical tests is the best way to correctly identify C-shaped root canal systems, research from China shows. C-shaped root canal systems occur under molars, and have a 'fin' or web-like structure connecting individual root canals. Chinese dental patients have a high incidence of C-shaped root canal systems that require different techniques to normal root canal surgery during endontic treatment. Yan Wang and co-workers at Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, China, completed a statistical survey to ascertain the most effective way to identify C-shapes using different methodologies. Their study was based on radiograph scans and clinical microscopic examination by dental professionals. The combination of methods revealed that approximately 41% of the native Chinesepatients examined have C-shaped root canals.
Task Shifting for Scale-up of HIV Care: Evaluation of Nurse-Centered Antiretroviral Treatment at Rural Health Centers in Rwanda
Authors: Fabienne Shumbusho, Johan van Griensven, David Lowrance, Innocent Turate, Mark A. Weaver, Jessica Price, Agnes Binagwaho
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

The shortage of human resources for health, and in particular physicians, is one of the major barriers to achieve universal access to HIV care and treatment. In September 2005, a pilot program of nurse-centered antiretroviral treatment (ART) prescription was launched in three rural primary health centers in Rwanda. We retrospectively evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of this task-shifting model using descriptive data.Medical records of 1,076 patients enrolled in HIV care and treatment services from September 2005 to March 2008 were reviewed to assess: (i) compliance with national guidelines for ART eligibility and prescription, and patient monitoring and (ii) key outcomes, such as retention, body weight, and CD4 cell count change at 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo after ART initiation. Of these, no ineligible patients were started on ART and only one patient received an inappropriate ART prescription. Of the 435 patients who initiated ART, the vast majority had adherence and side effects assessed at each clinic visit (89% and 84%, respectively). By March 2008, 390 (90%) patients were alive on ART, 29 (7%) had died, one (<1%) was lost to follow-up, and none had stopped treatment. Patient retention was about 92% by 12 mo and 91% by 24 mo. Depending on initial stage of disease, mean CD4 cell count increased between 97 and 128 cells/microl in the first 6 mo after treatment initiation and between 79 and 129 cells/microl from 6 to 24 mo of treatment. Mean weight increased significantly in the first 6 mo, between 1.8 and 4.3 kg, with no significant increases from 6 to 24 mo.Patient outcomes in our pilot program compared favorably with other ART cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa and with those from a recent evaluation of the national ART program in Rwanda. These findings suggest that nurses can effectively and safely prescribe ART when given adequate training, mentoring, and support. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
The JAK2V617F oncogene requires expression of inducible phosphofructokinase/fructose-bisphosphatase 3 for cell growth and increased metabolic activity
Authors: Mamatha M. Reddy, Margret S. Fernandes, Anagha Deshpande, Ellen Weisberg, Haig V. Inguilizian, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Andrew L. Kung, Ross L. Levine, James D. Griffin, Martin Sattler
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Right Ventricular Performance and Contractile Reserve in Patients With Severe Heart Failure
Authors: John Gorcsan, Srinivas Murali, Peter J. Counihan, William A. Mandarino, Robert L. Kormos
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Right ventricular (RV) performance appears to be important in patients with severe heart failure. Although clinical assessments of RV function previously have been limited to load-dependent ejection phase indices, a new method has been developed using the relatively load-insensitive concepts of pressure-volume relations with automated echocardiographic measures of RV cross-sectional area as a surrogate for volume.Sixteen patients with New York Heart Association functional class IV heart failure and group mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 20 +/- 5% were studied. RV pressure-area loops were recorded on-line from echocardiographic measures of RV area and high-fidelity pressure during transient inferior, vena caval balloon occlusions. RV contractile reserve was assessed as its functional response to an increase in dobutamine from 5.7 +/- 4.1 to 13.1 +/- 4.7 micrograms/kg per minute. Complete data sets were available in 13 patients. Group mean RV end-systolic elastance (E'es) and maximal elastance (E'max) increased with augmented dobutamine infusion (2.9 +/- 1.5 to 5.5 +/- 3.3 mm Hg/cm2 and 3.3 +/- 1.6 to 6.4 +/- 3.9 mm Hg/cm2, respectively; P < .01 versus baseline), although individual responses were variable. During a 30-day follow-up, 9 patients remained unstable, requiring continuous intravenous inotropic therapy; 6 of these had profound deterioration requiring mechanical circulatory support. The remaining 4 patients had a comparatively good short-term outcome with clinical stability. A 100% increase in RV E'es or E'max was associated with a good short-term outcome (P < .05).RV performance can be assessed by pressure-area relations in patients with heart failure. RV contractile reserve in response to increases in dobutamine was associated with a good short-term outcome and may be of prognostic value in patients with severe heart failure.