tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Education of Residents-Reply
Authors: Ronald Pinkerton
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  Responding to these comments will underscore some issues not fully detailed in our article. In designing this study, we carefully weighed the desirability of observing the residents' prescribing behavior after the change had occurred vs the need to implement proper fluoride dosage in our patients within a reasonable period. The residents were the experimental subjects, not the patients. Before beginning the study, we agreed to allow no more than four months of educational methods and observation before intervening, since a sustained high fluoride dosage can cause fluorosis—a permanent staining of the secondary teeth. 1,2 The six-week encouragement period was the beginning of our intervention, and this was followed immediately with an intensive, full departmental effort wherein we rectified the fluoride dosage in all of our pediatric patients in two weeks. Research design need always consider the physician's clinical responsibility to his patients.  Addressing Dr Mahan's concern about continuing
THE ROLE OF RENAL DENERVATION IN IMPROVING OUTCOMES OF CATHETER ABLATION IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND MODERATE RESISTANT OR RESISTANT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Evgeny Pokushalov, Alexander Romanov, Demosthenes Katritsis, Sergey Artyomenko, Sevda Bayramova, Denis Losik, Vera Baranova, Alexander Karaskov, Jonathan Steinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
DNA methylation and the Epstein–Barr virus
Authors: Richard F. Ambinder, Keith D. Robertson, Qian Tao
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (1999)

EBV is a ubiquitous herpesvirus associated with a variety of lymphoid and epithelial tumors. In healthy lymphocytes and in tumors immune surveillance is evaded by suppression of a family of immunodominant viral antigens. Methylation of a viral promoter plays a crucial role in this suppression. Methylation of the viral genome in the latent state over evolutionary time is believed to account for CpG suppression that distinguishes this virus from most other large DNA viruses. Pharmacologic manipulation of methylation may offer an opportunity to unmask viral antigens and expose tumors to immune surveillance.
Lack of the Antioxidant Enzyme Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Paul Lewis, Nada Stefanovic, Josefa Pete, Anna C. Calkin, Sara Giunti, Vicki Thallas-Bonke, Karin A. Jandeleit-Dahm, Terri J. Allen, Ismail Kola, Mark E. Cooper, Judy B. de Haan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Recent clinical studies have suggested a major protective role for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. We induced diabetes in mice deficient for both GPx1 and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) to determine whether this is merely an association or whether GPx1 has a direct effect on diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) and ApoE/GPx1 double-knockout (ApoE-/- GPx1-/-) mice were made diabetic with streptozotocin and aortic lesion formation, and atherogenic pathways were assessed after 10 and 20 weeks of diabetes. Aortic proinflammatory and profibrotic markers were determined by both quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis after 10 weeks of diabetes and immunohistochemical analysis after 10 and 20 weeks of diabetes. Sham-injected nondiabetic counterparts served as controls. Atherosclerotic lesions within the aortic sinus region, as well as arch, thoracic, and abdominal lesions, were significantly increased in diabetic ApoE-/- GPx1-/- aortas compared with diabetic ApoE-/- aortas. This increase was accompanied by increased macrophages, alpha-smooth muscle actin, receptors for advanced glycation end products, and various proinflammatory (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and profibrotic (vascular endothelial growth factor and connective tissue growth factor) markers. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed increased expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and connective tissue growth factor. Nitrotyrosine levels were significantly increased in diabetic ApoE-/- GPx1-/- mouse aortas. These findings were observed despite upregulation of other antioxidants.Lack of functional GPx1 accelerates diabetes-associated atherosclerosis via upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways in ApoE-/- mice. Our study provides evidence of a protective role for GPx1 and establishes GPx1 as an important antiatherogenic therapeutic target in patients with or at risk of diabetic macrovascular disease.
Letter: Coroners and the public interest.
Authors: J S Robinson, C C Wise
Journal: BMJ (1974)

different (t = 163, P = 0 20) and breast and bottle feeding were equally distributed between the two groups x2 = 0 054; N.S.).Though the mean duration of infusion of oxytocin in group 1 (10-8 ± 8-7 hr) was greater than in group 2 (8 0 ± 7-1 hr) the difference was not statistically significant (t = 1 49, P = 0-14).We agree with Dr. B. Alderman and Professor J. M. Beazley (7 September, p. 624) that the first and sixth days are not ideal times to detect peak neonatal bilirubin levels.However, as we pointed out in our paper, the sixth day was a time at which blood was already being taken routinely for amino-acid screening and this timing of samples avoided exposing the infants to additional blood-letting.Though the re- corded peak values in our data may be lower for this reason, any increase in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia should still be reflected in a higher mean value on the sixth day.-We are, etc.,
PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM WITH ALTERED CELLULAR IMMUNITY AND DERMONECROTIC FACTOR*
Authors: J. DELESCLUSE, Cl. de Bast, G. ACHTEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Sum m ary.-A patient with severe pyoderm a gangrenosum , without any other associated conditions, is reported.She was found to présent 2 major abnormalities of cellular immunity, i.e. lack of lymphocyte cytotoxicity induced by phytohaemagglutinin and failure of dinitrofluorobenzene sensitization.Intradermal reactions to tuberculin, trichophytin and candidin were négative, while intradermal injections of streptoccal antigen twice provoked large ulcers at the sites of injection.Dermonecrotic factor was présent in her sérum.High doses of steroids had to be given to heal her ulcers.
Mortality from avian flu is higher than in previous outbreak
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The number of infections in humans from avian influenza continues to rise in Vietnam, and outbreaks among poultry have now been reported in virtually every province and city in the country.

By 9 February the death toll in Vietnam stood at 14 out of 19 confirmed cases. In Thailand the Ministry of Health reported five deaths and another 23 suspected cases, of which nine were fatal. Each case in humans presents another opportunity for the virus to combine with an existing human flu strain, reassort, and potentially spark a new flu pandemic.

The mortality in Vietnam of between 60% and 70% is much higher than the 30% mortality of the 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong, …
Differential efficacy of bortezomib plus chemotherapy within molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kieron Dunleavy, Stefania Pittaluga, Myron S. Czuczman, Sandeep S. Dave, George Wright, Nicole Grant, Margaret Shovlin, Elaine S. Jaffe, John E. Janik, Louis M. Staudt, Wyndham H. Wilson
Journal: Blood (2009)
On Fracture of the Neck of the Humerus, as a Complication of Dislocation of the Shoulder
Authors: E. H. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1881)

Lesions in the medial forebrain bundle rostral to a stimulating electrode have variable effects on the rewarding efficacy of self-stimulation. We attempted to account for this variability by measuring the anatomical and functional effects of electrolytic lesions at the level of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and by correlating these effects to postlesion changes in threshold pulse frequency (pps) for self-stimulation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We implanted True Blue in the VTA and compared cell labeling patterns in forebrain regions of intact and lesioned animals. We also compared stimulation-induced regional [<sup>14</sup>C]deoxyglucose (DG) accumulation patterns in the forebrains of intact and lesioned animals. As expected, postlesion threshold shifts varied: threshold pps remained the same or decreased in eight animals, increased by small but significant amounts in three rats, and increased substantially in six subjects. Unexpectedly, LH lesions did not anatomically or functionally disconnect all forebrain nuclei from the VTA. Most septal and preoptic regions contained equivalent levels of True Blue label in intact and lesioned animals. In both intact and lesioned groups, VTA stimulation increased metabolic activity in the fundus of the striatum (FS), the nucleus of the diagonal band, and the medial preoptic area. On the other hand, True Blue labeling demonstrated anatomical disconnection of the accumbens, FS, substantia innominata/magnocellular preoptic nucleus (SI/MA), and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. [<sup>14</sup>C]DG autoradiography indicated functional disconnection of the lateral preoptic area and SI/MA. Correlations between patterns of True Blue labeling or [<sup>14</sup>C]deoxyglucose accumulation and postlesion shifts in threshold pulse frequency were weak and generally negative. These direct measures of connectivity concord with the behavioral measures in suggesting a diffuse net-like connection between forebrain nuclei and the VTA.
Vascular Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Pathophysiology, Recognition and Management
Authors: John H. Wulsin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This text represents a second and expanded edition of the author's Intestinal Ischemia , published in 1977, and in addition to a new title includes special chapters by various experts on intestinal blood flow, testing of intestinal viability, acute intestinal ischemia, pseudomembranous colitis, and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.  Despite the change in title, this edition remains devoted to discussing the processes and clinical pictures of bowel diseases related to ischemia. It does not cover the problems of intestinal bleeding per se or those associated with intestinal vascular malformations, whether acquired or congenital.  For readers seeking information about the physiology of intestinal blood flow, the chapter by Ove Lundgren, University of Goteborg, is especially cogent, and throughout the text the author skillfully promotes the union of basic research with understanding the varying and perplexing clinical diseases. The textual material will appeal to and benefit gastroenterologists, general surgeons, and vascular surgeons who treat lesions
A microchip filter device incorporating slit arrays and 3-D flow for detection of circulating tumor cells using CAV1-EpCAM conjugated microbeads
Authors: Yeon Jeong Kim, Gi-Bang Koo, June-Young Lee, Hui-Sung Moon, Dong-Gun Kim, Da-Gyum Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Jin Ho Oh, Jong-Myeon Park, Minseok S Kim, Hyun Goo Woo, Seung-Il Kim, Pilsung Kang, Wonshik Choi, Tae Seok Sim, Woong-Yang Park, Jeong-Gun Lee, You-Sun Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Severe Reaction to Penicillin
Authors: W. Corner
Journal: BMJ (1948)

would be to give sufficiently large doses of the drug for a suffi- ciently long time.Surely a more plausible explanation for the failure of penicillin to cure all cases of the disease can be found.With the humility proper in a medical student I suggest that it is because penicillin cannot always reach the causative organisms.In those cases where the blood culture is positive the bacteria may be found on the surface of the vegetations, and it is probably these cases which have the best chance of responding to penicillin therapy.In those cases, however, where the blood culture is negative, the organisms are found buried beneath a mass of platelets and fibrin, and it is surely these cases that are likely to prove insus- ceptible to penicillin.It thus appears to be an unfortunate truth that the very defence mechanisms of the body that tend to wall off and localize an infected area also tend to render that area inacces- sible to chemotherapeutic agents.In the particular case of subacute bacterial endocarditis the causative organism is usually the Streptococcus viridans, and this bacterium is said to produce a fTbrinolysin which is capable of dis- solving fibrin.Were this not so it is probable that more cases of the disease would prove resistant to penicillin than actually do so.Dr. Davies also suggests that the " sulpha " drugs, and perhaps even penicillin, may cause agranulocytosis.She does not support this suggestion with any evidence.While it is true that the "sulpha " dru's may damage the bone marrow
Workgroup Report: Review of Fish Bioaccumulation Databases Used to Identify Persistent, Bioaccumulative, Toxic Substances
Authors: Anne V. Weisbrod, Lawrence P. Burkhard, Jon Arnot, Ovanes Mekenyan, Philip H. Howard, Christine Russom, Robert Boethling, Yuki Sakuratani, Theo Traas, Todd Bridges, Charles Lutz, Mark Bonnell, Kent Woodburn, Thomas Parkerton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Chemical management programs strive to protect human health and the environment by accurately identifying persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic substances and restricting their use in commerce. The advance of these programs is challenged by the reality that few empirical data are available for the tens of thousands of commercial substances that require evaluation. Therefore, most preliminary assessments rely on model predictions and data extrapolation. In November 2005, a workshop was held for experts from governments, industry, and academia to examine the availability and quality of in vivo fish bioconcentration and bioaccumulation data, and to propose steps to improve its prediction. The workshop focused on fish data because regulatory assessments predominantly focus on the bioconcentration of substances from water into fish, as measured using in vivo tests or predicted using computer models. In this article we review of the quantity, features, and public availability of bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and biota-sediment accumulation data. The workshop revealed that there is significant overlap in the data contained within the various fish bioaccumulation data sources reviewed, and further, that no database contained all of the available fish bioaccumulation data. We believe that a majority of the available bioaccumulation data have been used in the development and testing of quantitative structure-activity relationships and computer models currently in use. Workshop recommendations included the publication of guidance on bioconcentration study quality, the combination of data from various sources to permit better access for modelers and assessors, and the review of chemical domains of existing models to identify areas for expansion.
Survival in Space: Medical Problems of Manned Spaceflight
Authors: Monroe Richman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A few days after reading<i>Survival in Space</i>, I contemplated what my appearance would be if I had spent some time in space. It never had occurred to me before that not only would a degree of fluid loss and dehydration be a problem, but, in addition, the shift of fluid from the lower extremities to the upper torso and head would cause edema of the face and neck and marked distension of the jugular veins. I finally understood the reason astronauts use decongestants—to relieve the nasal stuffiness associated with the fluid shift that takes place under conditions of microgravity and not necessarily for respiratory infections. Dr Harding involves the reader in a logical sequence of steps beginning with an introduction that describes the nature of space and human flight programs and extending through what can be anticipated in the future. He does this skillfully, respecting that the book may
Glanzmann thrombasthenia secondary to a Gly273--&gt;Asp mutation adjacent to the first calcium-binding domain of platelet glycoprotein IIb.
Authors: M Poncz, S Rifat, B S Coller, P J Newman, S J Shattil, T Parrella, P Fortina, J S Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We studied the defect responsible for Glanzmann thrombasthenia in a patient whose platelets expressed < 5% of the normal amount of GPIIb-IIIa. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicated that the patient's GPIIIa genes were normal. However, DNA analysis revealed the patient homozygous for a G818-->A substitution in her GPIIb genes, resulting in a Gly273-->Asp substitution adjacent to the first GPIIb calcium-binding domain. To determine how this mutation impaired GPIIb-IIIa expression, recombinant GPIIb containing the mutation was coexpressed with GPIIIa in COS-1 cells. The GPIIb mutant formed stable GPIIb-IIIa heterodimers that were not immunoprecipitated by either of two heterodimer-specific monoclonal antibodies, indicating that the mutation disrupted the epitopes for these antibodies. Moreover, the GPIIb in the heterodimers was not cleaved into heavy and light chains, indicating that the heterodimers were not transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex where GPIIb cleavage occurs, nor were the mutant heterodimers expressed on the cell surface. These studies demonstrate that a Gly273-->Asp mutation in GPIIb does not prevent the assembly of GPIIb-IIIa heterodimers, but alters the conformation of these heterodimers sufficiently to impair their intracellular transport. The impaired GPIIb-IIIa transport is responsible for the thrombasthenia in this patient.
Diet and Cancer
Authors: David T. Carr
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We are what we eat—and whether we get cancer may depend on what we eat. That is the message of this book.  A brief review of the epidemiology of cancer and carcinogenesis is followed by a detailed report on what is known about the relationships between consumption of the various constituents of food and the incidence of various sites of primary cancers. The author recognizes and comments on the problems of determining what people have eaten throughout their lives. He calls attention to other techniques of nutrition evaluation, such as anthropomorphic measurements and biochemical tests.  The chapters on the relationship between protein and caloric intake, dietary fiber, fats, vitamins, and minerals are particularly thorough, with many references to the medical literature. There is a complete review of what is known about the carcinogenicity of alcohol and coffee.  There is a final section on dietary recommendations to prevent cancer, which should
Leukocyte procoagulant activity: enhancement of production in vitro by IgG and antigen-antibody complexes.
Authors: H Rothberger, T S Zimmerman, H L Spiegelberg, J H Vaughan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

In a variety of immunologic diseases, fibrin-fibrinogen and immune complexes deposit in areas of tissue damage. However, the mechanisms which initiate fibrin-fibrinogen deposition have not been clarified. We find that the procoagulant activity of human leukocytes is markedly increased after incubation with immunoglobulin and immune complexes. This procoagulant activity is evident after 4-24 h incubation in the presence of as little as 0.1 mg/ml of autologous, isologous, or heterologous IgG. At least three of the four subclasses of IgG myeloma proteins are effective. Experiments with purified rabbit and rat antibodies demonstrate that enhancement of procoagulant activity is significantly greater with soluble antigen-antibody complexes than with immunoglobulin alone. In contrast, insoluble complexes are less affective than immunoglobulin alone. Artifacts due to endotoxin contamination of the IgG preparations were excluded on the basis of the differential sensitivities of immunoglobulin and endotoxin to heat and polymyxin B. Evidence is also presented which shows that enhancement of procoagulant activity involves the production, rather than a simple release, of leukocyte procoagulant activity in vitro.
THE REPORT OF A TYPHOID EPIDEMIC AT THE IOWA STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
Authors: W. E. HARRIMAN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

This epidemic occurred at the State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, at Ames, Iowa, in the fall of 1900. The total number of cases was 65. Of this number 23 went to their homes at the onset, or early in the disease; 42 remained to be cared for at the college—males 33, and females 9. <h3>General Environments.</h3> —The college is located one and one-half miles from the town proper. It is situated on a 1000-acre plot of high rolling land, provided with most excellent natural drainage, abundant exposure to sun and wind, and altogether one of the most naturally healthful spots in the state. The buildings are large and well constructed, and fitted with first-class water supply, plumbing and sewage-disposal—in short, they are in good sanitary condition. The enrolment of students at the time of the outbreak break was about 900. Many of them roomed at the various
Localized Nodular Synovitis Mimicking Metastatic Melanoma in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma on Whole-Body F-18 FDG PET/CT With MRI and Pathological Correlation
Authors: Syed Mahmood, Sofia R. Martínez de Llano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 47-year-old man with a history of malignant melanoma, status post wide local excision of the primary lesion of the left chest wall and postoperative interferon therapy for 1 week, presented with an indeterminate left upper lung lesion on CT. The patient was referred for an F-18 FDG-PET study to evaluate the extent of disease. PET/CT showed an intensely FDG avid nodule in the left upper lobe with a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 6.9, and an incidental FDG avid lesion in the right mid leg, behind the right patella, with a SUVmax of 10.2, suggesting metastatic disease from malignant melanoma. Patient was referred for further characterization of this lesion with MRI. T1 and T2 MRI images demonstrated a hypointense mass in Hoffa's fat pad, caudal to the lower pole of the patella, posteriorly in contact with a minimal joint effusion suggesting localized pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). This finding was subsequently confirmed on biopsy. The intense FDG activity in the subpatella lesion on FDG-PET in our case reminds us of the possibility of false-positive findings on FDG-PET in patients with malignant melanoma, and the usefulness of MRI in the evaluation of musculoskeletal lesions.