tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOCIETY AND THE SOCIOPATH
Authors: MAXWELL JONES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

It would seem that we as psychiatrists have to clarify our thinking on the moral issues involved in sociopathy and come out strongly in favor of treatment for those cases, and I think they represent the overwhelming majority, where such an approach can help. If we take this stand then we must be prepared to carry out such a plan. Psychiatrists must believe in the efficacy of treatment and be prepared to help patients in outpatient clinics, hospitals, prisons, or special units established for this type of case. So far the moralistic attitude of the profession to this type of case has been one of the many factors hindering the development of adequate treatment facilities. There would also seem to be a need for a multidisciplinary approach as psychiatry is often largely unaware of the developments in other fields such as correctional work and the theoretical and applied approach of the sociologists. But in the last analysis it is society itself which decides how much money and effort is to be expended on its social casualties, and by implication how much responsibility it is willing to assume in this field.
Risk assessment is open to public interpretation
Authors: K. Licence
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Sarah Darby says that the media should work harder to convey clear information on risks to the public, and that psychologists should work to identify why people worry about risks that seem statistically small.1 Although she endorses public debate, the main role of the public seems to be to receive scientific wisdom, on the basis of which it is assumed that a rational decision will be made. Her focus on clear information is welcome, but the overall position …
In situ carcinoma of pancreas diagnosed by EUS-FNA
Authors: H. Sakamoto, M. Kitano, K. Dote, T. Tchikugo, Y. Takeyama, M. Kudo
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is now a widely accepted modality for visualizing pancreatic lesions, and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) appears to be a safe and effective method for establishing the histological diagnosis of pancreatic tumors [1] [2] [3]. However, it is sometimes difficult to obtain samples from very small targets, especially tumors of 1 cm or less. We report a case in which EUS-FNA was useful for the diagnosis of in situ carcinoma of the pancreas. A 65-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital because of dilatation of the main duct in the pancreatic body as seen on transabdominal ultrasonography. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19 – 9 levels were within normal limits. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed mild dilatation of the main pancreatic duct ([Fig. 1]). During endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, deep cannulation proved impossible due to severe stricture of the pancreatic duct, and therefore no adequate sample of pancreatic juice could obtained. EUS showed an echogenic structure 3 mm in diameter and 5 mm in length in the stenotic duct of the pancreas ([Fig. 2]). EUS-FNA was performed for a histological diagnosis of the echogenic structure in the pancreatic duct. The cytological examination demonstrated clusters of atypical cells consistent with adenocarcinoma ([Fig. 3]). The histopathological examination of the pancreas achieved by pancreatic duodenectomy showed an intraductally spreading carcinoma that was 8 mm in maximum length, 3 mm in diameter, in the main duct of the pancreatic body. The histopathological diagnosis was in situ carcinoma of the pancreas ([Fig. 4] – [6]).
Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipomas With Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Hassan A. Kanj
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A 24-year-old woman with non—pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome was found to have bilateral adrenal myelolipomas at surgery. These benign tumors consist of bone marrow and fat and are uncommon incidental findings that are discovered by computed tomography. Myelolipomas have rarely been associated with Cushing's syndrome, but the cause of the syndrome has not always been defined, because the reports preceded modern diagnostic methods. Careful examination of the adrenal glands from our patient showed a fusion of myelolipoma elements and adrenal cells without distinct adenomas or the typical nodular pattern of adrenal hyperplasia. This report suggests that adrenal myelolipomas and atypical hyperplasia of the zona fasciculata may be anatomically and functionally related. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3034-3036)
Double Tracheoesophageal Fistula without Atresia
Authors: Donald P. Babbitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

UP to the present time fewer than 35 documented cases of tracheoesophageal fistula without atresia have been reported. Only 1 previous case of a double fistula without atresia could be found in a review of the literature. Leven et al.1 briefly referred to an "unusual" case in 1952, giving post-mortem findings with sites and sizes of the fistulous tracts present. The purpose of reporting this case is to point out that if a tracheoesophageal fistula without atresia is found, it is probably wise to explore the entire tracheal area at the time of surgical correction, because of the possibility of . . .
Leukotrienes as mediators in ischemia-reperfusion injury in a microcirculation model in the hamster.
Authors: H A Lehr, A Guhlmann, D Nolte, D Keppler, K Messmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Leukotriene (LT)B4 promotes leukocyte chemotaxis and adhesion to the endothelium of postcapillary venules. The cysteinyl leukotrienes, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, elicit macromolecular leakage from this vessel segment. Both leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and macromolecular leakage from postcapillary venules hallmark the microcirculatory failure after ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting a role of leukotrienes as mediators of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using the dorsal skinfold chamber model for intravital fluorescence microscopy of the microcirculation in striated muscle in awake hamsters and sequential RP-HPLC and RIA for leukotrienes, we demonstrate in this study that (a) the leukotrienes (LT)B4 and LTD4 elicit leukocyte/endothelium interaction and macromolecular leakage from postcapillary venules, respectively, that (b) leukotrienes accumulate in the tissue after ischemia and reperfusion, and that (c) selective inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis (by MK-886) prevents both postischemic leukotriene accumulation and the microcirculatory changes after ischemia-reperfusion, while blocking of LTD4/E4 receptors (by MK-571) inhibits postischemic macromolecular leakage. These results demonstrate a key role of leukotrienes in ischemia-reperfusion injury in striated muscle in vivo.
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Biliary Tract Disease: Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: H. Dancygier, C. Nattermann
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Forty-one patients (22 females, 19 males, mean age 74 years, range 41 - 93) with extrahepatic obstructive jaundice were evaluated by transcutaneous sonography (US), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) within 24 hours of hospital admission. EUS was always performed after US and immediately prior to ERCP, the latter being considered the "gold standard" for this study. EUS findings were documented according to a pre-set data protocol in a blind fashion with respect to ERCP results. Common bile duct (CBD) dilatation was demonstrated by all three methods. Stones in the distal CBD causing obstruction were demonstrated by EUS in 15 out of 16 patients, but in only seven cases by US. In 25 patients, the underlying malignant disease was identified by EUS as well as ERCP, and the level of biliary obstruction was correctly determined by both methods, while with US this was possible only in 17 (89 %) and 20 (80 %) cases, respectively. In comparison with ERCP, EUS provided a direct image of the tumor and allowed for regional staging in all patients. EUS was superior to US in elucidating the cause of biliary obstruction. EUS provides an additional means to decide quickly on appropriate therapy. At present, a shortcoming of the method is that no therapeutic interventions can be performed during EUS examination.
The Formulation of Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Mack Lipkin, Thomas P. Almy, Frederick T. Kirkham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

A THOUGHTFUL person confronted by a sick man might ask, sensibly, "What is wrong with him? How did he get this way? What should, or can, be done about his problems? How shall we go about it? What is likely to result?" But once these simple questions have been labeled as diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, major changes seem to occur. Both physicians and patients seem to believe that every illness must have a name even though most of these names have been determined by outworn tradition.Some diagnostic labels refer to cause – for example, salmonellosis; others are solely anatomic, . . .
Manual of Allergy and Immunology: Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Sonya Naryshkin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This exceptionally well-organized manual is another in the Little, Brown & Co spiral manual series. Written for the practitioner, it presents, in a clear and concise manner, all the basic information needed for the diagnosis and treatment of allergies and other disorders of the immune system.  The manual consists of 19 chapters and an extensive appendix. The first chapters include Introduction to the Immune System, Immediate Hypersensitivity: Approach to Diagnosis, and Basic Principles of Therapy for Allergic Disease. Later chapters cover the diagnosis and treatment of immunologic disorders such as asthma, allergy of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, urticaria, drug allergy, rheumatic diseases, and insect allergy. Final chapters discuss immunohematologic disorders, immunizations and immunoprophylaxis, and immunologic laboratory tests that can be used to diagnose infectious disease. Included in the 13 appendices are nomograms for body surface area, normal pulmonary values, tables and maps indicating important pollens and molds in
Peripheral Selection of T Cell Repertoires: The Role of Continuous Thymus Output
Authors: Corinne Tanchot, Benedita Rocha
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

We investigated the role of continuous thymus output in the shaping of mature T cell repertoires by studying in vivo the survival of a single clone of mature Rag2-deficient T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic cells at different stages of activation in the absence or presence of thymus export. In the absence of thymus export, TCR-transgenic lymphocytes survived indefinitely in the peripheral pools. When new lymphocytes were produced in the thymus and migrated to the periphery, resident memory T cells were maintained in constant numbers, whereas naive and self-reactive T cells were replaced by recent thymus migrants. This T cell renewal ensured both the efficiency of recall responses to antigens as memory T cells persisted independently of thymus output, and the capacity of the immune system to respond to new antigen stimulation as the naive T cell pool was continuously renewed. Our results also indicate that thymus export is required to control the number of self-reactive peripheral T cells that may invade the peripheral pools if thymus output fails.
Famous for nothing
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Once upon a time, and quite unlike in our own days, eminence in the medical profession was not entirely dependent on merit, if by merit we mean only intellectual or scientific distinction. A good illustration of this is the career of Sir George Clark (1788-1870), physician to Queen Victoria. He was famous in his day, but he discovered nothing.

His career was interesting. He was the son of the butler to the Earl of Findlater. He qualified as a naval surgeon and was shipwrecked twice. He then studied in Paris and was one of the first British physicians to use the newfangled stethoscope. He then practised in Rome, living near the Piazza di Spagna. There …
Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Volumes VII and VIII
Authors: Walter Wolman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This series is a collection of methods and techniques for assaying substances of biological importance. The general method of presentation in this as in the other volumes entails a discussion of background and early work, isolation of material from tissues and fluids, evaluation of methods, and details of recommended procedures. The author of each chapter is given great freedom in the manner of presenting his material to avoid a stereotyped series of chapters. Volume 7 contains chapters on immunoelectrophoretic analysis, analysis of basic nitrogenous compounds of toxicological importance, spectrophotometry of translucent biological materials, determination of inositol, ethanolamine, and serine in lipids, the assay of lipoprotein lipase, determination of creatinine and related guanidinium compounds, the determination of ethyl alcohol in blood and tissues, and determination of heparin. In volume 8 are discussions of procedures for fatty acid determinations by gas-liquid chromatography, for luciferin and luciferase, for enzymic analysis of steroid hormones,
Cryptococcosis in HIV negative patients: findings on chest radiography
Authors: D. J Roebuck, D. A Fisher, B. J Currie
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The findings at chest radiography in HIV negative patients with cryptococcosis are said to differ from those in HIV positive patients. No large series of HIV negative patients has been reported. <h3>METHODS</h3> A review of the medical charts and radiographs of 44 consecutive HIV negative patients with proven cryptococcosis was undertaken. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Air space consolidation involving one or more lobes was found in 15 patients (34%), one or more pulmonary masses in 13 patients (30%), and interstitial opacities in three patients (7%). No other radiographic finding was detected in more than one patient. Twelve of 23 patients (52%) with cryptococcal meningitis had abnormal chest radiographs, and 10 of 16 patients (62%) who presented with respiratory symptoms had air space consolidation. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> HIV negative patients tend to have different radiographic findings from those reported in patients with AIDS. Cryptococcal meningitis in this group is usually associated with pulmonary mass(es) or a normal chest radiograph, whereas a respiratory presentation is usually associated with air space consolidation.
Abstract 4290: The smoothened antagonist NVP-LDE225 targets stroma and cancer stem cells in primary human pancreatic tumor xenografts
Authors: Silvia Buonamici, Beatriz E. Ospina, Julia Xing Zhu, Jing Yuan, Kathy Hsiao, Anthony Vattay, Fang Li, James Deeds, Lance Ostrom, John Monahan, Juliet Williams, Joseph Kelleher, Stefan Peukert, Shifeng Pan, Xu Wu, Markus Warmuth, Rebecca Mosher, Yung-mae Yao, William R. Sellers, Marion Dorsch
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality. Despite surgical intervention and treatment with Gemcitabine, the standard of care, the 5-year survival rate remains less than 5%. Because the aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in stroma cells and cancer stem cells in PDAC has become evident during the last few years, therapeutic agents able to inhibit Smoothened (Smo), the positive regulator of the pathway, are under vigorous investigation. We have developed a selective Smo antagonist, NVP-LDE225, which is orally bioavailable and potently inhibits Hh signaling in vitro and in vivo. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, we evaluated the effects of NVP-LDE225 alone or in combination with Gemcitabine in primary human tumor xenograft models. In these models, NVP-LDE225 dosed together with Gemcitibine resulted in a trend towards combination activity. Tumor samples collected at the end of the studies showed that the Hh pathway was completely inhibited in the stroma of the NVP-LDE225 treated animals. Moreover, analysis of the ratio of tumor to stroma area demonstrated no differences between the drug treated as compared to vehicle treated tumors. After subcutaneous implantation of the human tumors in mice, the mouse stroma replaces the human stroma. Using mouse and human Affymetrix analysis of tumors following in vivo treatment, we were able to differentiate the changes occurring in murine stromal cells versus human epithelial cells. This analysis revealed changes in the regulation of several key developmental and growth factor pathways in the mouse stroma. To study cancer stem cells, we isolated Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) positive cells from untreated xenograft tumors and confirmed up regulation of the Hh pathway genes, and that ALDH positive cells were more tumorigenic than ALDH negative cells when implanted in animals. Furthermore, we used 2 different stem cell functional assays, in vitro sphere formation and in vivo serial transplantation to evaluate the effect of NVP-LDE225 on cancer stem cells. We observed that upon NVP-LDE225 treatment the cells had impaired ability to form spheres in vitro and similarly, tumor growth was delayed following in vivo serial transplantation. These experiments suggest that Smo inhibitors can have a high impact on the treatment of this very aggressive cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4290.
IOM Report Calls for Overhaul of Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Kate O’Rourke
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
UGT1A1 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer susceptibility
Authors: N T Brockton
Journal: Gut (2002)

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A7 polymorphisms may be involved in the aetiology of colorectal cancer

The contribution of the xenobiotic metabolising enzymes (XMEs) to disease susceptibility, particularly cancer, has been a focus for a great deal of research over the last two decades.1 Many of these genes are polymorphic and exhibit significant interindividual variation in their activity. Although these enzymes all have endogenous substrates, they are also involved in the metabolism of exogenous, often mutagenic, substances to which humans are exposed.2

The central hypothesis of these studies has been that genetic changes functionally alter the enzymes and consequently modify an individual's response to a given exposure, putatively associated with the disease. The increased risk for the individual is likely to be small. However, the higher frequency of these alterations, compared with the risks associated with genetic defects implicated in familial syndromes, raises the possibility that the attributable risk, at the population level, may be substantial and therefore of considerable public health importance.3

The involvement of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A7 polymorphisms in the aetiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is presented by Strassburg et al in this issue of Gut 4 [see page 851] is biologically plausible. The authors have shown that …
Synthesis of glycosaminoglycan in adult human articular cartilage in organ culture from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: R K Jacoby, M I Jayson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Hyaline cartilage was obtained from patients undergoing synovectomy of the knee joint for rheumatoid arthritis. Eroded cartilage from beneath the invading pannus and relatively normal cartilage from the same joint were maintained in organ culture for three days. During the first 48 hours in culture the explants were exposed to 35SO4 in the medium. The equivalent layers of normal and eroded cartilage were analysed for DNA uronic acid and 35SO4 incorporation. There was a decrease in the DNA and uronic acid of the eroded cartilage, although only the latter reached statistical significance. The uptake of radioactive sulphate was significantly greater in explants taken from the eroded site than from normal areas. This increase in metabolic activity could well be a protective phenomenon.
STERILITY OF MARKET COTTON
Authors: C. W. Crawford
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:  —We have read the article Sterility of Market Cotton, by John H. Silliker and Eugene P. Hess, on page 1374 of the Aug. 9, 1952, issue ofThe Journal. In this article the authors report their investigation of absorbent cotton sampled on the market in Los Angeles, Calif. They examined 85 packages of cotton and found by their tests that 12, or 14.2%, contained viable micro-organisms.  We have considered this report in the light of our total experience in investigation of absorbent cotton, which extends over many years, and after particular review of the reports on this phase of our work covering the past five years. Our experience and data do not support the conclusions of the authors that the present control program is not adequate to insure the consumer of the sterility of each package of market cotton. During the past five years we have examined
Major bleeding events and risk stratification of antithrombotic agents in hemodialysis: results from the DOPPS
Authors: Manish M. Sood, Maria Larkina, Jyothi R. Thumma, Francesca Tentori, Brenda W. Gillespie, Shunichi Fukuhara, David C. Mendelssohn, Kevin Chan, Patricia de Sequera, Paul Komenda, Claudio Rigatto, Bruce M. Robinson
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Robert A. Kyle
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In 1968, multiple myeloma was diagnosed in six residents of a Minnesota community (population 7,151). This is a rate of 84 per 100,000, as compared with an expected rate of about 3 per 100,000. The clinical and laboratory features of these cases were typical of myeloma. In addition, one case of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia was found during this period. The incidence of other forms of leukemia and lymphoma and of congenital malformation was not increased in the town during the years 1960 through 1968. The cause of this apparent community cluster of multiple myeloma cases remains obscure.
Tc-99m Uptake in a Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: CLARA C. CHEN, ILAN IRONY, GITIE S. JAFFE, JEFFREY A. NORTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors describe a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism who had a large mediastinal parathyroid adenoma that avidly concentrated both Tc-99m pertechnetate and TI-201. This unusual finding is presented as another potential reason for false-negative findings in Tc-99m/TI-201 subtraction scintigraphy in hyperparathyroidism.