tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ADHD drugs should carry warning, FDA committee recommends
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An advisory committee to the US Food and Drug Administration has voted to recommend that black box warnings—the most serious—be put on drugs prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) because of concerns over cardiovascular effects. Another committee recommended warning doctors and patients that these drugs could cause hallucinations. Both committees recommended information leaflets for patients.

The FDA can accept or reject committee recommendations. A spokesperson for the agency told the BMJ that no decision had yet been made. Details of why the drug safety and risk management advisory committee voted in …
Cesarean Births and Trial of Labor Rates
Authors: Pedro A. Poma
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In spite of our profession's concerns, the number of cesarean deliveries continues to increase, as was well demonstrated in the nationwide survey by Shiono et al.<sup>1</sup>This increase in abdominal deliveries does not directly correlate with the obstetric risks of the mother, nor with an improvement in perinatal morbidity and mortality. In fact, cesarean deliveries have a higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rate than vaginal deliveries.<sup>2</sup>Today, there is a higher proportion of nulliparas in obstetric services, and today's women have fewer children and at an older age (in 1985, 30.7% of women aged 35 years and older underwent cesarean delivery vs 16.1% of those younger than 20 years)<sup>3</sup>; these factors tend to increase abdominal deliveries, but there is also a higher expectation of perfect results. Traditionally, a good measure of patience (allowing nature to take its course) has been considered a
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Authors: Jean Tan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

DIARRHEA and pseudomembranous colitis are recognized complications of antibiotic use. Clindamycin hydrochloride 1 has been implicated in most of the cases, but chloramphenicol sodium succinate, 2 ampicillin sodium, 3 lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate, 4,5 and tetracycline hydrochloride 6,7 may also cause the disease. Combinations of antibiotics that have included a cephalosporin drug have been implicated in several reports of this disorder. 8 However, we are aware of only two case reports of colitis following the use of cephalosporin alone. 9,10 This report describes a fatal case of cephaloridine-associated colitis.  Report of a Case  A 67-year-old woman underwent vaginal hysterectomy for uterine prolapse on Oct 5, 1978. On the same day, preoperatively, she received 1.0 g of cephaloridine intramuscularly prophylactically and then 0.5 g intravenously every six hours postoperatively. There was no history of gastrointestinal disorders, and she had been receiving no medications prior to hospital admission. On the first postoperative day,
Methaqualone Sprinkled on Marijuana
Authors: Ron Yount
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have noticed an increasing number of clients who are smoking methaqualone directly in a small pipe or sprinkled on marijuana. To my knowledge, there have been no published reports of this manner of methaqualone abuse. The prevalence of this form of methaqualone abuse and the effects on the pulmonary respiratory system might be appropriate areas for additional study.
The potential of proteomics and peptidomics for allergy and asthma research
Authors: R. Crameri
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Progress in the field of proteomics, the branch of biology that studies the full set of proteins derived from a given genome, is moving fast. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DG) separation of complex protein mixtures and the subsequent analysis of isolated protein spots by mass spectrometry allow fast and accurate identification of proteins. The comparison of spots from different samples separated on customized 2D gels allows the detection of punctual differences in their mobility and facilitates tracing back differences in protein expression, presence of isoforms, splice variants and posttranslational modifications by mass spectrometry. In spite of significant analytical challenges owing to the high complexity of the proteome and the challenge deriving from the necessity to process huge amounts of raw data generated by mass spectrometric profiling, proteomics has evolved to an indispensable tool in life sciences. A restricted window of the proteome that consists of peptides and small proteins not easily manageable by conventional gel electrophoresis prompted the development of separation methods based on liquid chromatography. This new research field termed peptidomics already contributed, together with proteomics to enlarge our knowledge about biological processes and supported by sophisticated bioinformatics tools, to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. The technological capabilities of biophysical separation, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics form the basis of discovery programs that aim at mining the proteome starting from microgram amounts of protein extracts derived from body fluids and tissues. Proteomics and peptidomics have a great potential to speed up allergy and asthma research, where disease‐ and tissue‐specific samples are easy to obtain.
Legal Aspects of Medical Records
Authors: George E. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A reader, particularly if a lawyer, might be a bit startled by one of the early sentences in the preface: One of the purposes of this textbook is to provide a means, to the extent possible, of permitting the medical record librarian, as well as the attending physician, to avoid scrutiny of medical records based on negligence or malpractice within the hospital. Actually, these words do not mean exactly what they seem to say. There is no attempt whatsoever to teach the physician or record librarian some secret method of concealing their records from the eyes of lawyers and patients who may need them for purposes of proof in a court of law. On the contrary, every effort is made to explain just what records are kept, by whom they are to be kept, and to what extent they are valuable and may be used in an effort to help
Role of pathology indices in the management of severe lupus glomerulonephritis
Authors: Edmund J. Lewis, Jimmy L. Roberts, John Lachin, Shu-Ping Lan, Patricia Cleary, Melvin M. Schwartz, Jay Bernstein, Gary S. Hill, Keith Holley, Marc A. Pohl, John Clough, Gordon Gephardt, Thomas Berl, Nathan Levin, Lawrence G. Hunsicker, Stephen Bonsib, Norman Simon, Hartmann Friederici, Francesco del Greco, Frank A. Carone, Lee Hebert, Harl M. Sharma, Eric Nielson, Roger A. Rodby, Howard L. Corwin, Melvin M. Schwartz,, Andrew Levey, Angelo Ucci, Howard Shapiro, Barbara F. Rosenberg, Jacob Lemann, John Garancis, Kenneth Shapiro, Praveen Chander, Fred Whittier, John W. Graves, Joan Bathon, Roger Riley
Journal: Kidney International (1992)
Rise and Fall
Authors: Nicholas H. Fiebach
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

On Being a Doctor1 December 1997Rise and FallNicholas H. Fiebach, MDNicholas H. Fiebach, MDYale Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Program; New Haven, CT 06520-8033Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-11-199712010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I first met Dr. S when he was 87 years old. He had been referred to primary care by a urologist, who thought that someone Dr. S's age ought to have a general physician. I was immediately impressed by Dr. S's appearance. He was short but stood erect, deliberate in his movements, dressed impeccably in tweed sport coat and cap, and almost completely bald. He spoke slowly, with a slight accent. I tried not to stereotype him, but I could not help but be reminded of an old Zen master.Dr. S was from Korea, where he had been a ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nicholas H. Fiebach, MDAffiliations: Yale Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Program; New Haven, CT 06520-8033Corresponding Author: Nicholas H. Fiebach, MD, Yale Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Box 802033, New Haven, CT 06520-8033. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 11Page: 1037-1038KeywordsAneurysmsAortaHospital medicineStomachSurgeonsSurgeryUltrasound imagingVascular surgeryWalkingWheelchairs ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Social mores influence lessons of science
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

"The miasmatic, contingent contagionist theorists of the Victorian public health reform were heavily influenced both by the state of medical science and social conditions. Social conditions continued to limit the impact of medical science on public health even after the first generation of reformers and the emergence of bacteriology." So stated Dale C. Smith, PhD, in a talk on "Eberth, Escherich, and Enteric Fever," given at this year's annual meeting of the American Association for the History of Medicine in Durham, NC. By examining the nature of medical science available to the medical practitioners and reformers of the late 19th century, Smith was not trying to glean practical medical information but was exploring the ways in which culture and technology influence medicine. Although the etiological agent of typhoid fever was discovered in 1880 and practitioners had a fairly complete knowledge of the pathology and epidemiology of the disease, typhoid continued
Erythropoietin stimulates a rise in intracellular free calcium concentration in single early human erythroid precursors.
Authors: B A Miller, R C Scaduto, D L Tillotson, J J Botti, J Y Cheung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Erythropoietin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid cells. To determine the cellular mechanism of action of these growth factors, we measured changes in intracellular free calcium concentration [( Cac]) in single human erythroid precursors in response to recombinant erythropoietin and GM-CSF. [Cac] in immature erythroblasts derived from cultured human cord blood erythroid progenitors was measured with fluorescence microscopy digital video imaging. When stimulated with erythropoietin, [Cac] in the majority of erythroblasts increased within 3 min, peaked at 5 min, and returned toward baseline at 10 min. The percentage of cells that responded to erythropoietin stimulation increased in a dose-dependent manner. Additional stimulation with GM-CSF in cells previously exposed to erythropoietin resulted in a second [Cac] increase. Immature erythroblasts treated with GM-CSF followed by erythropoietin responded similarly to each factor with a rise in [Cac]. The source of transient calcium is intracellular since erythroblasts were incubated in medium devoid of extracellular calcium. Our observations suggest that changes in [Cac] may be an intracellular signal that mediates the proliferative/differentiating effect of hematopoietic growth factors.
Abstract 4624: Differentiation of female donors classified as “normal”, with benign disease and with breast cancer based on blood RNA signature
Authors: Richard I. Somiari, Stephen Russell, Seema Bharathan, James Lyons-Weiler, Stella A. Somiari
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer still imposes significant healthcare burden on women worldwide. Mammography is currently the benchmark for screening, but mammography may not; a) detect all early stage breast cancers especially in young women with dense breast, b) unequivocally distinguish between benign disease and cancer and c) be beneficial to people in remote and underserved areas without mammograms. Biomarkers could complement mammography because of the potential to enable earlier detection, accurate differentiation between non-cancerous and cancerous breast lesions, and allow screening of a specimen like blood collected from a remote site. As a step towards developing a biomarker-based blood test for early detection of breast disease, we have used the branched-DNA multiplex technology to measure the levels of 24 candidate biomarkers in blood of fully informed and consented female donors classified into three broad categories; normal, with breast cancer (BC), and with benign breast disease (BD). To determine if the groups can be identified using the levels of the 24 candidate biomarkers we trained prediction models based on the data without background subtraction and applied the same training process on background subtracted data. Next we used an in-house developed software, to identify the optimal transformation and normalization methods. Due to the small sample size available for the current study, we generated 1,000 cases and 1,000 controls by simulating the original data via a distributional sampling model, and used the simulated data as the test validation set (TVS). Three prediction models were then applied to the original data and simulated TVS, namely: in-house GA optimized k of m, Random Forest (Salford System), Logistic Regression (SAS). Random Forest proved to be the best model for group prediction displaying sensitivities and specificities above 90%. This presentation will discuss the extent to which the levels of the biomarkers in blood allowed the identification of donors classified as “normal” and with “breast disease”. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4624.
The Attitudes of Students and House Staff Toward Alcoholism
Authors: Marilyn T. Wayland
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The article by Geller et al 1 adds to the increasing literature on the deficiencies in, and differences between, medical students' and housestaffs' knowledge of and attitudes toward alcoholism and screening for this. However, the authors failed to report two important aspects of their study.  Were the knowledge and attitude scales and reported practices directed toward ambulatory or hospitalized patients? The prevalence of alcoholism can vary considerably between these two groups of patients. It has been suggested that residents diagnose alcoholism in its late stages, in their hospitalized patients, but do not detect the early symptoms of alcoholism and drug abuse in their ambulatory patients. 2   What were the exact frequencies of reported screening, referral, and follow-up practices of the students and house staff? The authors presented only the association between perceived responsibility and confidence levels and the reported high or low level of screening and referral.
1114 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SEMI-SYNTHETIC BILE ACID DERIVATIVE INT-767, A DUAL FXR AND TGR5 AGONIST
Authors: G. Rizzo, D. Passeri, F. De Franco, G. Ciaccioli, B. Sadeghpour, R. Pellicciari, M. Pruzanski, L. Adorini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
An ACT1 Mutation Selectively Abolishes Interleukin-17 Responses in Humans with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Authors: Bertrand Boisson, Chenhui Wang, Vincent Pedergnana, Ling Wu, Sophie Cypowyj, Michel Rybojad, Aziz Belkadi, Capucine Picard, Laurent Abel, Claire Fieschi, Anne Puel, Xiaoxia Li, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Glucose Extraction by the Human Myocardium during Pacing Stress
Authors: ALBERT S. MOST, RICHARD GORLIN, J. STUART SOELDNER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Glucose extraction by ischemic human myocardium was investigated at the time of diagnostic cardiac catheterization in 27 subjects who had fasted overnight. Paired arterial and coronary sinus blood samples, obtained before and during coronary sinus pacing, were analyzed for glucose and lactate. Pacing to a rate 50 to 70% greater than control or to the development of chest pain induced no significant change in the arterial level of either substrate. No correlation was noted between arterial level and myocardial extraction of either substrate at rest or during stress. Three groups of subjects were identified: group I: those with lactate extraction at rest and during pacing (n = 13); group II: those with lactate extraction at rest but production during pacing (n = 7); and group III: those with lactate production at rest with augmented production during pacing (n = 5). Two additional subjects produced lactate at rest but were not paced. Glucose extraction increased significantly with pacing tachycardia in group II (0.09 ± 0.03 m m to 0.26 ± 0.04 m m ) and in group III (0.38 ± 0.17 m m to 0.58 ± 0.12 m m ). No significant increase was noted in group I. A significant correlation was noted between glucose extraction and lactate production during pacing when groups II and III were combined (r = 0.81; P &lt; 0.001). Myocardial ischemia in man was associated with augmented glucose extraction. The arterial glucose concentration was not a primary determinant of glucose extraction either before or during induced ischemia.
CHANGES IN GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION OVER TIME
Authors: Stephen Philip, Linda Pape, Toru Suzuki, Lori D. Conklin, James Froehlich, Rosella Fattori, Eva Kline-Rogers, Justin Jabara, Guillaume Jondeau, Hasan Siddiqi, Eduardo Bossone, Daniel Montgomery, Eric Isselbacher, Christoph A. Nienaber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The State of Child Health and Human Rights in Nepal
Authors: Sonal Singh, Erik Bøhler, Khagendra Dahal, Edward Mills
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Nepal is one of the poorest countries in the world, with a per capita gross national product of US$240. Nearly 40% of the 25 million people living in Nepal do so on less than a dollar a day [ 1]. About 90% of the population lives in rural areas. The high-intensity (more than 1,000 deaths per year) conflict between the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) rebels and the government forces led by the Royal Nepalese Army has affected the health, education, and other rights of the most vulnerable members of society, especially women and children [ 2]. The conflict, which began in 1996, has resulted in widespread human rights violations by both parties as it draws the population into the conflict as both soldiers and victims. 

In this article we examine the evidence on the current state of child health and human rights in Nepal ( Box 1). We argue that time is running out for the children of Nepal, as they face an uncertain future if their health and human rights concerns are not addressed by local governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the international community in a timely manner. We also suggest possible solutions to the current problem. 


Box 1. Search Strategy
In order to identify information for our article, we searched Medline, Google Scholar, POPLINE, World Health Organization reports, United Nations Development Programme–Nepal reports, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (IRINnews) Web site, and Eldis Development Gateway, using the terms “Nepal,” “child health,” “human rights,” and “conflict.” We searched reports of several non-governmental organizations including Save the Children, Family Health International, and CARE Nepal. We selected articles for inclusion based on their relevance to the topic and their ability to advance our understanding of the impact of the conflict on child health and human rights. In addition, we identified unpublished research through contacts with authors and experts in the field. We acknowledge the lack of epidemiological studies directly linking the conflict to child health care in Nepal; documentation on crucial aspects of the conflict was often impossible to obtain and we rely on newspaper articles and eyewitness accounts at times. We drew from the collective expertise of the authors (SS, EB, KD) involved in delivering health care in Nepal and incorporated suggestions from international health experts and NGOs active in this field.
SLE Latex Test Kit
Authors: Edmund L. Dubois
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  In answer to the comment on our data concerning the Lederle Diagnostics Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Latex Test Kit for detection of SLE by the latex agglutination slide method (225:637, 1973), Wolfe noted that only 38.8% of our 121 patients with SLE had positive LE cell tests compared with 70% in most series (226:357, 1973). All of these patients had documented SLE and met the American Rheumatism Association diagnostic criteria 1 ; we studied both treated and untreated patients which explains the lower incidence of positive LE cell tests. It helps to use patients with varying degrees of SLE activity in such an investigation, because the presence of classic LE cells is as diagnostically important as a strongly positive preparation. Furthermore, the 70% finding of LE cells in SLE is cumulative and refers to the total incidence of LE cells in a patient over the span of many
Growth retardation in homozygous sickle cell disease: Role of calorie intake and possible gender‐related differences
Authors: Onyechi Modebe, Stella A. Ifenu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract To evaluate the possible role of inadequate food intake in the pathogenesis of the growth retardation of patients with sickle cell anemia, we determined the daily intake of calories and macronutrients and measured several anthropometric indices in 20 patients with sickle cell anemia aged 17–35 years and in 15 of their normal siblings of similar age. Compared to the control groups, the male patients, but not the females, had a significantly lower mean weight, body mass index, midarm circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Also, while the male patients consumed significantly less total calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats per day than their control group, no difference was noted between the daily intake of calories or macronutrients in the female patients and their control group. However, when the intake of calories and macronutrients was corrected for body weight, there was no statistically significant difference between the intake of nutrients in the male patients and their control subjects or between the female patients and their control group. These results suggest a sex‐related difference in the somatic growth of adolescent and adult patients with sickle cell anemia and also suggest that, although an inadequate food intake may be partly responsible for the impaired somatic growth in sickle cell anemia, other factors are also probably important. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.