tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arthroscintigraphic Evaluation of the Painful Total Hip Prosthesis
Authors: CHARLES S. RESNIK, MELVIN J. FRATKIN, JOHN A. CARDEA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Arthroscintigraphy was performed in 19 patients with a painful total hip prosthesis by injecting both Tc-99m sulfur colloid and iodinated radiographic contrast material intra-articularly. Scintigraphic and radiographic results correlated exactly in 15 patients, with one false-negative scintigram, one false-positive scintigram, and one false-negative arthrogram. One patient was evaluated by scintigraphy alone. Although arthroscintigraphy is potentially more sensitive than conventional arthrography in the detection of femoral component loosening, acetabular component loosening cannot be evaluated by scintigraphy alone. A combination of scintigraphy and conventional arthrography appears to be the most accurate imaging method in the evaluation of hip prosthesis loosening.
Hemolytic Syndromes Associated with Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency.
Authors: Edward R. Burka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Hemolytic Syndromes Associated with Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency.Edward R. Burka, M.D., Zebulon Weaver III, M.D., Paul A. Marks, M.D.Edward R. Burka, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Zebulon Weaver III, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Paul A. Marks, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1164_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDeficiency of the erythrocyte enzyme glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD) is one of the most prevalent hereditary defects of clinical significance. Affected subjects are susceptible to hemolytic episodes after exposure to a large variety of agents or illnesses. One hundred and two patients with documented G-6PD deficiency have been retrospectively studied to determine the clinical characteristics of the associated hemolytic anemia. A total of 139 hemolytic episodes were found in 63 patients. These varied in severity from relatively benign, brief episodes to massive intravascular hemolysis. One hundred and nineteen of the episodes were acute (duration less than 2 months). Of these,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edward R. Burka, M.D.; Zebulon WeaverIII, M.D.; Paul A. Marks, M.D.Affiliations: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, New York, New York, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1164-1164KeywordsDehydrogenasesEnzymesHemolytic anemiaPhosphates ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Charlotte Morrison Anderson
Authors: M. Gracey
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former professor of paediatrics and child health Birmingham (b 1915; q Melbourne 1945; AM), d 15 April 2002.

Charlotte M Anderson was an international pioneer in the field of paediatric gastroenterology and the first woman to be appointed professor of paediatrics in the United Kingdom. After hospital jobs in Melbourne she worked at the Hospital for Sick Children at Great Ormond Street and at the Institute of Child Health at the University of Birmingham. Her work with British colleagues on the role of gluten in coeliac disease helped to establish her international renown. She started the first Australian cystic fibrosis clinic in 1953 and developed a strong gastroenterological research team that worked on intestinal malabsorption in infants and children. She became professor at the University of Birmingham and director of the Institute of Child Health in 1968.
Assessing the effects of endocrine disruptors in the National Children's Study.
Authors: Philip Landrigan, Anjali Garg, Daniel B J Droller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Children are uniquely vulnerable to toxic chemicals in the environment. Among the environmental toxicants to which children are at risk of exposure are endocrine disruptors (EDs)--chemicals that have the capacity to interfere with hormonal signaling systems. EDs may alter feedback loops in the brain, pituitary, gonads, thyroid, and other components of the endocrine system. They can affect development. Effects of EDs have been described in wildlife populations, in animals exposed experimentally, and to a more limited extent in humans. Mechanisms of action of EDs are increasingly being elucidated, and genetic polymorphisms that convey differential susceptibility to EDs are beginning to be explored. It is hypothesized that in utero and early childhood exposures to EDs may be responsible, at least in part, for decreases in semen quality; increasing incidence of congenital malformations of the reproductive organs, such as hypospadias; increasing incidence of testicular cancer; and acceleration of onset of puberty in females. The National Children's Study (NCS) will provide a unique opportunity to test the validity of these hypotheses in the context of a large prospective multi-year epidemiologic investigation. It will be essential in the NCS to assess exposures to a range of putative natural and synthetic EDs, to assess outcomes possibly due to ED exposure, to examine the potential interplay between EDs and genetic polymorphisms, and to seek links between ED exposures in early life and endocrine, reproductive, neurobehavioral, and other outcomes throughout the life span.
Metabolism of prostaglandins A1 and E1 in man.
Authors: M Golub, P Zia, M Matsuno, R Horton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

To investigate the in vivo whole blood metabolic clearance rates and sites of metabolism of prostaglandins A1 and E1 in man, constant infusions of the tritiated compounds were administered to normal subjects and to patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The whole blood metabolic clearance rate of [3H]prostaglandin A1 in eight men was 5,003 +/- 864 liters/day (SD) or 2,546 +/- 513 liters/day per m2 (SD). Nonradioactive prostaglandin A1 was similarly infused in two subjects, and the metabolic clearance rates were determined, utilizing a specific radioimmunoassay. The clearance rates with this method correlated closely with those determined by the isotope infusions. Extraction studies of prostaglandin A1 showed that pulmonary, splanchnic, renal, and extremity perfusions resulted in 8.1 +/- 4.1, 56.1 +/- 10.1, 50.3 +/- 3.4, and 34.4 +/- 5.9% (SEM) removal, respectively. With [3H]=prostaglandin E1, the whole blood metabolic clearance rate was determined from the pulmonary artery concentration in three patients and averaged 4,832 +/- 1,518 liters/day (SD) or 2,686 +/- 654 liters/day per m2 (SD). Pulmonary extraction was 67.8 +/- 6.8% (SEM) and extremity removal averaged 6.6 +/- 4.9% (SEM). These results indicate that A prostaglandins are metabolized by several organs, such as the liver and kidney, and possibly by intravascular pathways as well. In man, the E prostaglandins are primarily metabolized by the lung, but extraction is not complete and approximately one-third may escape lung metabolism. Thus, these findings suggest that both E and A prostaglandins in the venous circulation may reach the systemic circulation in man.
Lasting synaptic changes underlie attention deficits caused by nicotine exposure during adolescence
Authors: Danielle S Counotte, Natalia A Goriounova, Ka Wan Li, Maarten Loos, Roel C van der Schors, Dustin Schetters, Anton N M Schoffelmeer, August B Smit, Huibert D Mansvelder, Tommy Pattij, Sabine Spijker
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Selling Sickness: How Drug Companies Are Turning Us All Into Patients
Authors: Michael Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I remember as a medical student being appalled at the spectre of well paid hospital doctors climbing over one another to get their hands on the free food and branded knick-knackson offer at supposedly educational lunchtime meetings sponsored by drug companies. I found the blandishments of the company representatives preposterous—a view confirmed when I briefly joined their ranks in a subsequent career break. Ever since I have avoided such meetings and contacts with the world of pharmaceuticals—and I am sympathetic towards the approach of the No Free Lunch campaign (endorsed by Moynihan and Cassels), which recommends that doctors “just say no to drug reps” and send back their advertising paraphernalia.

Selling Sickness is a spirited journalistic exposure of the methods used by the pharmaceutical industry to expand the market for its products. These include the redefinition of risk factors—such as raised cholesterol and blood pressure, or reduced bone mineral density—as diseases afflicting substantial sections of society and requiring treatment …
Endoscopic rendezvous technique and esophageal fistulae: sometimes it is worth working in the dark!
Authors: G. Mavrogenis, D. Coumaros, J. D’Agostino, G. Uhl, D. Defta, M. Vix
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

We read with interest the article by Schembre et al. on the use of the rendezvous technique in patients with a completely obstructed esophagus [1]. The combined antegrade and retrograde access to both proximal and distal margins of esophageal strictures was initially described by Bueno et al. in 2001 [2]. Since then, a few case series describing the outcomes of the rendezvous technique have been published [1] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7].
Impaired Nitric Oxide–Mediated Renal Vasodilation in Rats With Experimental Heart Failure
Authors: Zaid A. Abassi, Konstantin Gurbanov, Susan E. Mulroney, Clariss Potlog, Terry J. Opgenorth, Aaron Hoffman, Aviad Haramati, Joseph Winaver
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with a decrease in renal perfusion. Because endothelium-derived NO is important in the regulation of renal blood flow (RBF), we tested the hypothesis that an impairment in the NO system may contribute to the decrease in RBF in rats with experimental CHF. Methods and Results Studies were performed in rats with experimental high-output CHF induced by aortocaval (AV) fistula and sham-operated controls. In controls, incremental doses of acetylcholine (ACh, 1 to 100 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ) increased RBF and caused a dose-related decrease in renal vascular resistance (RVR). However, the increase in RBF and decrease in RVR were markedly attenuated in rats with CHF. Likewise, the effects of ACh on urinary sodium and cGMP excretion were also diminished in CHF rats, as was the renal vasodilatory effect of the NO donor S -nitroso- N -acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). These attenuated responses to endothelium-dependent and -independent renal vasodilators in CHF rats occurred despite a normal baseline and stimulated NO 2 +NO 3 excretion and normal expression of renal endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), as determined by eNOS mRNA levels and immunoreactive protein. Infusion of the NO precursor l -arginine did not affect baseline RBF or the response to ACh in rats with CHF. However, administration of the nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist A81988 before ACh completely restored the renal vasodilatory response to ACh in CHF rats. Conclusions This study demonstrates that despite a significant attenuation in the NO-related renal vasodilatory responses, the integrity of the renal NO system is preserved in rats with chronic AV fistula. This impairment in NO-mediated renal vasodilation in experimental CHF appears to be related to increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system and may contribute further to the decrease in renal perfusion seen in CHF.
Hazelnut LTP, Cor a 8: Molecular cloning and clinical relevance
Authors: Frauke Schocker, Dirk Lüttkopf, Stephan Scheurer, Arnd Petersen, Anna Cistero-Bahima, Ernesto Enrique, Stefan Vieths, Wolf Meinhard Becker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
So Why Does Animal Experimentation Matter? Review of Ellen Frankel Paul and Jeffrey Paul, eds. 2001.<i>Why Animal Experimentation Matters: The Use of Animals in Medical Research</i>
Authors: Nathan Nobis
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

(2003). So Why Does Animal Experimentation Matter? Review of Ellen Frankel Paul and Jeffrey Paul, eds. 2001. Why Animal Experimentation Matters: The Use of Animals in Medical Research. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-2.
Recanalization of chronically occluded aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts with long-term, low dose direct infusion of urokinase (ROBUST): A serial trial
Authors: Joseph R. Hartmann, Louis S. McKeever, William W. O'Neill, Christopher J. White, Patrick L. Whitlow, Paul S. Gilmore, Andrew J. Doorey, Joseph P. Galichia, Elaine L. Enger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Scintigraphic Visualization of Glossal Thyroid Tissue During the Follow-up of Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara, Elif Hindié, Isabelle Keller, Marie Calzada-Nocaudie, Jean-Yves Devaux
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Purpose: Nests of thyroid tissue in the tongue are described in about 10% of necropsies. This ectopic thyroid tissue usually lies dormant, but may manifest itself during times of increased stimulation. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of lingual thyroid visualization on I-131 diagnostic whole-body scan during the follow-up of thyroid cancer patients. Material and Methods: We reviewed the files of 548 consecutive patients who underwent a diagnostic whole-body scan with 200 MBq of I-131 between January 2000 and December 2005, as part of the follow-up for a differentiated thyroid cancer. Every patient had been previously treated with a total thyroidectomy and had received 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) of I-131 for remnant ablation. Results: A focus of uptake located between the 2 submandibular salivary glands, suggestive of ectopic thyroid tissue in the tongue or in the upper part of the thyroglossal duct, was found in 5 of the 548 patients (0.9%). In only one of these patients was the uptake visible at the time of postsurgery thyroid remnant ablation scan. Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were positive under stimulation in 3 of the 5 patients, and another patient had undetectable Tg, but positive anti-Tg antibodies. Radiologic imaging (MRI and/or ultrasound) was performed in 3 patients and confirmed the presence of a mass suggestive of ectopic thyroid tissue in two. Invasive lingual biopsy was not performed to verify the benign nature. Conclusion: When examining whole-body scans (therapeutic or diagnostic) in a patient with persistent Tg detection after thyroid ablation, one should carefully search for any uptake between the submandibular glands that may be suggestive of ectopic tissue.
Idiotype-anti-idiotype network. II. Activation of silent clones by treatment at birth with idiotypes is associated with the expansion of idiotype-specific helper T cells.
Authors: L J Rubinstein, M Yeh, C A Bona
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

BALB/c mice immunized with bacterial levan (BL) produce a vigorous antibody response that fails to include antibodies expressing the idiotype of the beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan-binding myeloma protein ABPC48 (A48). Treatment of newborn BALB/c mice at 1 d of age with 0.1-10 microgram of either the A48 myeloma protein or monoclonal proteins that share idiotopes with the A48 family, followed by immunization with BL 2-4 wk later, produces an anti-BL response that is dominated by the A48Id. Various degrees of activation of the A48Id BL response were observed by injecting mice with A48 monoclonal protein only up until 3 wk of age. Activation of the A48Id clones by treating with A48 monoclonal protein was ineffective in mice who were older than 4 wk. Elicitation of an A48Id BL response required specific antigenic stimulation with either beta 2 leads to 6 or beta 2 leads to 1 fructosan epitopes, because it does not occur after injection with TNP-Ficoll in spite of the A48 treatment. The expansion of A48Id clones in mice treated at birth with A48 monoclonal protein is associated with an increase in A48Id-specific helper T cells. The binding specificity of these cells was demonstrated by infusing them into nu/nu BALB/c mice and observing that they rendered help that enalbed the animal to mount an anti-TNP response after immunization only with A48-TNP, but not with MOPC384-TNP conjugates. The helper activity of these cells is sensitive to the effects of treatment with anti-Lyt-1.2 antibodies plus complement. A predominantly A48Id BL-specific response can be transferred into lethally irradiated mice by infusing them with purified T and B cells from A48-treated mice. The transfer of this response can be ablated by treating the T cells with anti-Lyt-1.2 antibodies plus complement. These results indicate that A48Id-specific helper cells possess the ability to select the A48Id-bearing B cell precursors for expression, thus exerting a fine-tuning effect on the idiotypic expression of the anti-BL repertoire. We propose that this idiotype-induced idiotype response, which can be, in principal, induced by idiotypes provided by the mother, plays an important role in the expansion of precursors of antibody-forming cells during embryonic as well as postnatal life.
Marfan phenotype variability in a family segregating a missense mutation in the epidermal growth factor-like motif of the fibrillin gene.
Authors: H C Dietz, R E Pyeritz, E G Puffenberger, R J Kendzior, G M Corson, C L Maslen, L Y Sakai, C A Francomano, G R Cutting
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To examine the associations among fibrillin gene mutations, protein function, and Marfan syndrome phenotype, we screened for alterations in the fibrillin coding sequence in patients with a range of manifestations and clinical severity. A cysteine to serine substitution at codon 1409 (C1409S) was identified in an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motif from one fibrillin allele which segregates with the disease phenotype through three generations of a family affected with the Marfan syndrome. This alteration was not observed in 60 probands from other families or in 88 unrelated normal individuals. The altered cysteine is completely conserved in all EGF-like motifs identified in fibrillin, and in all proteins that contain this motif. These observations strongly indicate that C1409S is the disease-producing mutation in this family. The phenotype of individuals carrying C1409S varied widely with respect to onset of disease, organ-system involvement, and clinical severity; certain affected adults were unaware of their status before being diagnosed through this investigation. We conclude that fibrillin gene defects cause familial Marfan syndrome, that mutations in the EGF-like motif of the fibrillin gene are not uniformly associated with severe disease, and that fibrillin genotype is not the sole determinant of Marfan phenotype.
The new NHS: restricting GPs' access to x ray services.
Authors: J Bahrami, D Shoesmith
Journal: BMJ (1991)

breast screening we have found a difference in the ability to trace Asian and non-Asian women.In a study in central Manchester we were unable to gain access at their address for only six of 93 Asian non- attenders compared with 26% of 103 non-Asian women.Bv gaining some information from other occupiers we established that half of the Asian women were no longer resident at the address on the invitation.Though this was the main reason for non-attendance among Asian women, it could only be estimated to be the reason for 26-54% of the non-Asian women.Our impression was of two different types of response: when we followed up non-Asian women access was more difficult and it was harder to gather information from other occupiers or neigh- bours, whereas more of the Asian community were available and were more helpful.Furthermore, the outcome of personal visits to non-attenders was more successful among Asian women: of the Asian women contacted and offered additional appointments, 70% subsequently attended for screening whereas only 36% of non-Asian women did so.In terms of the effectiveness of personal visits on the overall uptake of screening attendance for breast screening by Asian women increased by 9%.
David George Jamison
Authors: R. Carter
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former microbiologist and anatomist (b 1924; q Oxford 1949), died 1 November 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After house jobs he was appointed lecturer in medicine and physiology at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in 1952, becoming a fellow in 1960. In addition to undergraduate teaching, David developed an interest in laboratory aspects of leprosy, working on the associated peripheral nerve changes and on techniques for culturing Mycobacterium leprae. Teaching in Oxford alternated with periods of field work in Nigeria. He moved to Cambridge in 1969 and worked in the department of anatomy for six years, retiring in 1975. An international oarsman, he was also a notable gardener. He leaves a wife, Penelope.
Medical Information Bureau
Authors: Matt Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Entmacher's recent apologia of the Medical Information Bureau (MIB) raises many good questions about the value and weakness of a centralized medical data center (233:1370,1975). I would like to try to respond to these questions from another point of view. The point of view that I would like to assume would be that of those applicants for insurance policies who are not forgetful or fraudulent, but people of integrity who desire to avail themselves of the services of an insurance company and also believe that their medical records are a matter of privacy. If the applicant knows that a record is being kept, and he wishes to review his own record, what assurance does he have that the record shown is the complete record? and how likely is it that the client can challenge an inaccurate record that was made by someone else (eg, physician, nurse)?
Current status of adjuvant systemic therapy for primary breast cancer: progress and controversy
Authors: G. N. Hortobagyi, A. U. Buzdar
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1995)

Results from studies of adjuvant systemic therapy for primary breast cancer accumulated over the past 20 years have clearly established that this treatment approach improves disease-free and overall survival rates in high-risk patients. As a result, adjuvant systemic therapy has become an integral component of the modern, multimodality approach to management of primary breast cancer. However, controversies about the most effective approaches remain, and research continues. This article reviews the current status of adjuvant systemic therapy for primary breast cancer and discusses areas of persistent controversy.