tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LOCAL USE OF SULFONAMIDE COMPOUNDS
Authors: L. Kraeer Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  The article by Dr. Frederic W. Taylor on the misuse of sulfonamide compounds, which appears in the March 21 issue ofThe Journal, paints a discouraging picture with regard to the local use of these drugs. Although his experimental observations are no doubt true, from a practical point of view and experience with the clinical use of these drugs, the advantages of their local use, it seems to me, far outweigh the disadvantages. I have recently been interested in the use of sulfathiazole prepared in the microcrystalline form. The details of the preparation will be reported elsewhere. I wish to state here, however, that the crystals are of uniform size and are extremely small. The advantage of this type of preparation is the fact that a considerably greater surface exposure is permitted so that the drug, although no more soluble, goes into solution more readily.  When the
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Washington Under the Council Tree, Coryell's Ferry, Pennsylvania&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
'In it for the long run': sources of self-efficacy in adolescent female athletes
Authors: L Watson, E Binks, S Kawycz
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Introduction Most research in sport psychology investigating the sources of efficacious beliefs has been conducted within the parameters of Bandura's (1977) self-efficacy theory.1 Within the context of a situation six sources are believed to be cognitively appraised; mastery performances, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, imaginal experience, emotional states and physiological states, to develop one's efficacy expectations and goal directed behaviour.2 The aim of the study was to identify the sources of self-efficacy most salient to female adolescent long distant runners, why such sources are selected and whether they were interlinked. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted to allow athletes’ sources and types of efficacy to emerge inductively. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the interpretative phenomenological approach. After obtaining ethical approval, six female adolescent athletes (mean age=15 years, national level) were recruited, using opportunistic sampling, from a single running club. Results Nine sources emerged from this investigation with numerous variations within them being exclusive to sport and female adolescent athletes. The nine sources of self-efficacy identified were: performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, physiological experiences, imaginal experiences, emotional states, situational favourableness, self-perception and athlete specific. Specifically, it was found that performance accomplishments provide a catalyst for the additional sources. In particular performance accomplishments inform the athlete efficacious beliefs, however this is only situational specific and is none transferable. Individual differences arose as an imperative factor in how one interprets the efficacious sources. Conclusion The results extend previous conceptualisations related to personal efficacy beliefs within athletic settings and supported the contention that efficacious beliefs play a significant moderating effect on athlete functioning and athletic performance. Findings highlight the need to further examine the uses of multiple sources of self-efficacy and their weighting in individual's sports, as this may provide valuable insight for coaches and sports psychologists working with particular athlete groups and assist in developing interventions which augment or maintain efficacious beliefs in individual athletes.
Teriflunomide and Its Mechanism of Action in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Amit Bar-Or, Andrew Pachner, Francoise Menguy-Vacheron, Johanne Kaplan, Heinz Wiendl
Journal: Drugs (2014)

Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging: disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) must both limit unwanted immune responses associated with disease initiation and propagation (as T and B lymphocytes are critical cellular mediators in the pathophysiology of relapsing MS), and also have minimal adverse impact on normal protective immune responses. In this review, we summarize key preclinical and clinical data relating to the proposed mechanism of action of the recently approved DMT teriflunomide in MS. Teriflunomide selectively and reversibly inhibits dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase, a key mitochondrial enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, leading to a reduction in proliferation of activated T and B lymphocytes without causing cell death. Results from animal experiments modelling the immune activation implicated in MS demonstrate reductions in disease symptoms with teriflunomide treatment, accompanied by reduced central nervous system lymphocyte infiltration, reduced axonal loss, and preserved neurological functioning. In agreement with the results obtained in these model systems, phase 3 clinical trials of teriflunomide in patients with MS have consistently shown that teriflunomide provides a therapeutic benefit, and importantly, does not cause clinical immune suppression. Taken together, these data demonstrate how teriflunomide acts as a selective immune therapy for patients with MS.
Late bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile duct calculi.
Authors: I A Finnie, M V Tobin, A I Morris, I T Gilmore
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The most common complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile duct calculi is haemorrhage.'Although this usually occurs at the time of the procedure or within hours, this may not always be so.We describe five patients who presented with late bleeding, which has implications when advising patients about possible adverse events.
Abstract 3047: MK1775, a selective Wee1 inhibitor shows antitumor activity against sarcoma cells
Authors: Jenny M. Kreahling, Parastou Foroutan, Jennifer Y. Gemmer, Gary Martinez, Damon Reed, Douglas Letson, Marilyn Bui, Rober J. Gillies, Soner Altiok
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous mesenchymal tumors affecting both pediatric and adult populations with more than 70 recognized histologies. Doxorubicin and ifosfamide have been the main course of therapy for treatment of sarcomas; however, the response rate to these therapies is about 10-20% in metastatic setting. Toxicity with the drug combination is high, response rates remain low, and improvement in overall survival, especially in the metastatic disease, remains negligible. Accordingly, new agents are needed for the treatment of this heterogeneous group of diseases. Wee1 is a critical component of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint control and mediates cell cycle arrest by regulating the phosphorylation of CDC2. Inhibition of Wee1 by a selective small molecule inhibitor MK1775 has been reported to to enhance the cytotoxic effect of DNA damaging agents. However, its role in the treatment of mesenchymal tumors has not been explored. In this study we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of MK1775 in various sarcoma cell lines and patient-derived tumor explants ex vivo both alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs frequently used in the treatment of sarcomas. Our data demonstrate that MK1775 treatment as a single agent at clinically relevant concentrations leads to unscheduled entry into mitosis and initiation of apoptotic cell death in all sarcomas tested. Additionally, MK1775 significantly enhances the cytotoxic effect of the DNA damaging agents, gemcitabine and doxorubicin. In MK1775 treated cells CDC2 activity was enhanced and G2/M ceheckpoint was impaired as assessed by increased expression of phosphorylated histone H3, a marker of mitotic entry. The cytotoxic effect of Wee1 inhibition on sarcoma cells appears to be independent of p53 status as all sarcoma cell lines with different p53 mutation were highly sensitive to treatment. Additionally, in patient-derived bone and soft tissue sarcoma samples we showed that MK1775 in combination with gemcitabine causes significant apoptotic cell death suggesting that this treatment may represent a novel approach in the treatment of sarcomas. In patient-derived xenograft mouse models of sarcoma we are currently analyzing the therapeutic efficacy of MK1775 in vivo by utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion MRI methods. Our results together with the high safety profile of MK1775 strongly suggest that this drug can be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of both adult as well as pediatric sarcoma patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3047. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3047
Personally Controlled Online Health Data — The Next Big Thing in Medical Care?
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Most physicians in the United States have paper medical records — the sort that doctors have kept for generations. A minority have electronic records that provide, at a minimum, tools for writing progress notes and prescriptions, ordering laboratory and imaging tests, and viewing test results (see line graph).1 Yet electronic health data are poised for an online transformation that is being catalyzed by Dossia (a nonprofit consortium of major employers), Google Health, Microsoft HealthVault, and other Web services that are seeking expanded roles in the $2.1 trillion U.S. health care system.Online repositories will allow patients to store, retrieve, manage, and . . .
Increasing numbers of physical changes found in nation's runners
Authors: P. Gumby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Novel Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficient Xenograft Model for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Reflects Important Clinical Characteristics of the Disease
Authors: Jan Dürig, Peter Ebeling, Florian Grabellus, Ursula R. Sorg, Michael Möllmann, Philipp Schütt, Joachim Göthert, Ludger Sellmann, Siegfried Seeber, Michael Flasshove, Ulrich Dührsen, Thomas Moritz
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract We here describe a novel xenograft model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) generated by infusion of human primary CLL cells into immunodeficient nonobese/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Combined i.v. and i.p. injection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 39 patients with CLL resulted in highly reproducible splenic (37 of 39) and peritoneal (35 of 39) engraftment, which remained stable over a time span of 4 to 8 weeks. By comparison, recovery of leukemic cells from bone marrow (21 of 39) or peripheral blood (8 of 22) was substantially lower. The engraftment pattern of CLL PBMC 4 weeks posttransplant was correlated with clinical disease activity: infusion of PBMC from donors with Binet stage A, lymphocyte doubling time of &amp;gt;12 months, and normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels led to marked engraftment of T cells whereas comparably few tumor cells could be detected. In contrast, NOD/SCID mice receiving PBMC from donors with advanced stage Binet C, lymphocyte doubling time of &amp;lt;12 months, and elevated LDH serum levels exhibited predominant engraftment of tumor cells and comparably low numbers of T cells. These results suggest that this model reflects the heterogeneity and important clinical characteristics of the disease, and thus may serve as a tool for preclinical drug testing and investigation of the pathophysiology of CLL. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8653–61]
Neurodevelopment and Cognition in Children after Enterovirus 71 Infection
Authors: Luan-Yin Chang, Li-Min Huang, Susan Shur-Fen Gau, Yu-Yu Wu, Shao-Hsuan Hsia, Tsui-Yen Fan, Kuang-Lin Lin, Yhu-Chering Huang, Chun-Yi Lu, Tzou-Yien Lin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Enterovirus 71 is a common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease and encephalitis in Asia and elsewhere. The long-term neurologic and psychiatric effects of this viral infection on the central nervous system (CNS) are not well understood.We conducted long-term follow-up of 142 children after enterovirus 71 infection with CNS involvement - 61 who had aseptic meningitis, 53 who had severe CNS involvement, and 28 who had cardiopulmonary failure after CNS involvement. At a median follow-up of 2.9 years (range, 1.0 to 7.4) after infection, the children received physical and neurologic examinations. We administered the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST II) to children 6 years of age or younger and the Wechsler intelligence test to children 4 years of age or older.Nine of the 16 patients with a poliomyelitis-like syndrome (56%) and 1 of the 5 patients with encephalomyelitis (20%) had sequelae involving limb weakness and atrophy. Eighteen of the 28 patients with cardiopulmonary failure after CNS involvement (64%) had limb weakness and atrophy, 17 (61%) required tube feeding, and 16 (57%) required ventilator support. Among patients who underwent DDST II assessment, delayed neurodevelopment was found in only 1 of 20 patients (5%) with severe CNS involvement and in 21 of 28 patients (75%) with cardiopulmonary failure (P<0.001 for the overall comparison). Children with cardiopulmonary failure after CNS involvement scored lower on intelligence tests than did children with CNS involvement alone (P=0.003).Enterovirus 71 infection with CNS involvement and cardiopulmonary failure may be associated with neurologic sequelae, delayed neurodevelopment, and reduced cognitive functioning. Children with CNS involvement without cardiopulmonary failure did well on neurodevelopment tests. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00172393 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Appointments timed in proximity to annual milestones and compliance with screening: randomised controlled trial
Authors: G. Hoff, M. Bretthauer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate whether appointments for screening timed in proximity to annual milestones (birthdays, Christmas and New Year) may be used as a strategy to improve attendance for screening for colorectal cancer. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> City of Oslo (urban) and Telemark county (urban and rural), Norway. <b>Participants</b> 12 960 screened adults (64.7% of those invited). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Attendance rates for each week and month of assigned appointment. <b>Results</b> Attendance rates were significantly higher in December than the rest of the year (72.3% <i>v</i> 64.6%, P&lt;0.001) in adults who received an invitation in the week of their birthday or were assigned to screening in the first or second week after their birthday (67.9% <i>v</i> 64.5%, P=0.007). This effect was most pronounced in the urban population of Oslo. In a multivariable logistic regression model, attendance improved in those who received an invitation in the week of their birthday or were assigned to screening in the first or second week after their birthday (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.28) and those who were assigned to screening in December (odds ratio 1.45, 1.16 to 1.82). <b>Conclusion</b> Attendance rates for screening for colorectal cancer were higher in December and around attendees' birthdays, the latter particularly in an urban population. Compliance with screening programmes may therefore be improved by timing invitations in proximity to annual milestones. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical Trials NCT00119912.
A CASE OF ACUTE GANGRENOUS CHOLECYSTITIS WITH SPREADING PERITONITIS: OCCURRING IN THE EPIDEMIC OF JAUNDICE, GALLIPOLI, 1915
Authors: J. Morley, F. B. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1916)

ACUTE GANG&NO'OUB CUOLECYFSTTIS.rMARAGa 25, T916 shell having torn mIoIIt of the extehsor tendons and laid open the ankle-joint.Earlier in the war it was the custom to nimke careful inquiries as to whether or not a wounded patient had received a prophylaetic injection of antitetanic serum.The administration of these injections has become so much the invariable jiractice at the front that in the base hospitals one has ceased to ssk the question..Thus it happened that it was not until the occurrence in this e of subsquent events that one waS led to investigate the question.The patient did not remember having received an injection k but it is possible that it was given while under an anaesthetic at the time of his first operation In France, or, on the other hand, it may have been that, wounded 'as he was fhr behind the firing line, he missed receiving treatment at a field -ambulance or at a elearing station.He came under my care at the 4th London General Hospital on November 16th, 1915, five days after he was wounded.For some days the wounds, which were extremely septic, were trested by peroxide irrigation and boric fomentations.Six days later-on November 22nd-some trismue and a dlefinite risus sardonicus were noted.He was at once given 4,000.U*..A. units of antitetanic serum, and 1 ccm. of I in 20 carbolid acid was injected subcataneous1y every: four hours.He -reeived a further 35W0 units of serum the same evening.Had it bee psible tob localize the focus of infection as being in thewound of the foot, it would have been an easy matter to amputate immediately, especially as the foot was so severely injured that the prognosis' was not hopeful.But in the presence of other septic wounds, aniy one of which migbt be equally the sourc, of infection, it seemed to me wiser to secure efficient drainagh everywhere by means of opening and irrigating thoroughly the wounds of the thigh and buttocks, and by an astrgalectomy on-the foot.Aftr the initial symptoms.the march of events was rapid.
Serum Complement Component Levels in Human Glomerulonephritis
Authors: EDMUND J. LEWIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Serum total hemolytic complement (CH50) and complement components Clq, C4, and C3 were measured in patients with several forms of renal disease. The hypocomplementemia that accompanies active lupus nephritis was associated with low levels of all three components measured, whereas the hypocomplementemia associated with chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was usually related to depression of C3 protein only. Low serum hemolytic complement levels in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis can be associated with depression of the early reacting components, Clq and C4 protein; however, isolated C3 depression also can be seen in this disease. Depression of Clq levels was frequently found in the nephrotic syndrome of childhood, despite normal levels of C4 protein and C3 protein. These results indicate that several disorders of the complement system exist in the diverse forms of renal disease that are associated with lowering of the serum level of one or more of the components of this system.
Palliative Sedation in Dying Patients
Authors: Bernard Lo, Gordon Rubenfeld
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Despite skilled palliative care, some dying patients experience distressing symptoms that cannot be adequately relieved. A patient with metastatic breast cancer, receiving high doses of opioids administered to relieve pain, developed myoclonus. After other approaches proved ineffective, palliative sedation was an option of last resort. The doctrine of double effect, the traditional justification for palliative sedation, permits physicians to provide high doses of opioids and sedatives to relieve suffering, provided that the intention is not to cause the patient's death and that certain other conditions are met. Such high doses are permissible even if the risk of hastening death is foreseen. Because intention plays a key role in this doctrine, clinicians must understand and document which actions are consistent with an intention to relieve symptoms rather than to hasten death. The patient or family should agree with plans for palliative sedation. The attending physician needs to explain to them, as well as to the medical and nursing staff, the details of care and the justification for palliative sedation. Because cases involving palliative sedation are emotionally stressful, the patient, family, and health care workers can all benefit from talking about the complex medical, ethical, and emotional issues they raise.
Philadelphia abortion doctor is convicted of murder
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Kermit Gosnell, a Philadelphia doctor who ran an abortion clinic serving women in mostly poor and minority groups, was convicted yesterday of three counts of first degree murder after a long trial and lengthy jury deliberations.

He was found guilty of killing three babies who were born alive by snipping their spinal cords with scissors. He agreed on 14 May to give up his right to an appeal and faces life in prison, but will be spared a death sentence.

Gosnell was found not guilty of murdering a woman who died from an overdose of sedatives, but he was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in her case. …