tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dysfunction of Active Transport of Blood-Retinal Barrier in Patients With Clinically Significant Macular Edema in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fumihiko Mori, Taiichi Hikichi, Junichi Takahashi, Taiji Nagaoka, Akitoshi Yoshida
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Diabetic macular edema (DME), which causes retinal thickening, is a main cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes (1,2). The important pathophysiology of DME is the loss of retinal capillary pericytes, resulting in increased vascular permeability of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) (3). However, there is only one report about the active transport of the BRB in patients with DME (4). The aim of this study was to evaluate the active transport of the BRB in patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema (CSME) (5) in type 2 diabetes using differential vitreous fluorophotometry (DVF).

We studied six eyes of six patients with …
Failure of early recognition of skeletal tuberculosis.
Authors: G. F. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Skeletal tuberculosis, once common in the United Kingdom, is now rare and may be overlooked as a cause of orthopaedic and neurological symptoms.This is illustrated by a study of the tuberculous patients admitted during a single year to the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, and five others treated elsewhere in whom the possibility of tuberculosis was not at first considered.
Primary Pulmonary Blastomycosis
Authors: G. DAVID ONSTAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 January 1971Primary Pulmonary BlastomycosisG. DAVID ONSTAD, M.D.G. DAVID ONSTAD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-1-146 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent article by Drs. Baum and Lerner (Ann Intern Med 73:263-265, 1970) regarding a bacteriology laboratory technician's presumed acquisition of primary pulmonary blastomycosis from handling a culture of Blastomyces dermatitidis was interesting and thought-provoking but left a few pertinent questions unanswered.First, was a tuberculin skin test done (either before, during, or after)? If not, and if positive now, wouldn't this more likely have been a case of primary pulmonary tuberculosis? Are all laboratory technicians tuberculin skin-tested periodically?Second, how much credence can be given to a single positive sputum culture? Could it have been a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Southwestern Medical School Dallas, Tex. 75235 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAlpha-1-Antitrypsin 1 January 1971Volume 74, Issue 1Page: 146-146KeywordsBacteriologyBlastomycesBlastomycosisResearch laboratoriesSkin testsSputumTechniciansTuberculin Issue Published: 1 January 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pathologic Response After Neoadjuvant Carboplatin and Weekly Paclitaxel for Early-Stage Lung Cancer: A Brown University Oncology Group Phase II Study
Authors: Shair Ahmed, Ariel E. Birnbaum, Howard P. Safran, Thomas A. Dipetrillo, Bassam I. Aswad, Neal E. Ready, Thomas Ng
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
The Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Identification Strategies on Estimates of Linkage Disequilibrium
Authors: Joshua M. Akey, Kun Zhang, Momiao Xiong, Li Jin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

At present there is tremendous interest in characterizing the magnitude and distribution of linkage disequilibrium (LD) throughout the human genome, which will provide the necessary foundation for genome-wide LD analyses and facilitate detailed evolutionary studies. To this end, a human high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker map has been constructed. Many of the SNPs on this map, however, were identified by sampling a small number of chromosomes from a single population, and inferences drawn from studies using such SNPs may be influenced by ascertainment bias (AB). Through extensive simulations, we have found that AB is a potentially significant problem in estimating and comparing LD within and between populations. Specifically, the magnitude of AB is a function of the SNP discovery strategy, number of chromosomes used for SNP discovery, population genetic characteristics of the particular genomic region considered, amount of gene flow between populations, and demographic history of the populations. We demonstrate that a balanced SNP discovery strategy (where equal numbers of chromosomes are sampled from multiple subpopulations) is the optimal study design for generating broadly applicable SNP resources. Finally, we validate our theoretical predictions by comparing our results to publicly available data from ten genes sequenced in 24 African American and 23 European American individuals.
Gastric ulcers in swine. A potential model for study of gastric ulcer in man
Authors: D. E. Fuller
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Swine are afflicted with gastric ulcers which resemble those found in man. Because of the similarities, we believe that swine can provide a useful model (both research and teaching) for studying peptic ulcers of the stomach in man. Several factors may play a part in the etiology of these ulcers in swine, and some of these have parallels in ulcer disease in humans.
P3-115: Erlotinib (Tarcevar) “dosing–to–rash”: characterization of skin toxicity from a pilot phase II intra–patient dose–escalation study of E in previously treated patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Alain C. Mita, Maja J. de Jonge, Jaap Verweij, Kyriakos Papadopoulos, Garry Schwartz, Monica M. Mita, Bret Wacker, Maureen Conlan, Sean P. McCarthy, James G. Krueger
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Relapse of antibiotic associated colitis: endogenous persistence of Clostridium difficile during vancomycin therapy.
Authors: B A Walters, R Roberts, R Stafford, E Seneviratne
Journal: Gut (1983)

This study reports 24 patients with antibiotic associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile. Fifteen patients were treated with vancomycin due to the severity of the colitis and in eight of these a clinical relapse of the colitis occurred after vancomycin therapy was stopped. Bacteriological investigations of these patients indicated that C difficile was able to persist in stool samples during vancomycin therapy in the absence of detectable cytotoxin. This was in contrast with the seven patients successfully treated with vancomycin without relapse, and those not treated with vancomycin where both stool cultures and cytotoxin assays became negative. These results suggest that patients being treated with vancomycin for antibiotic associated colitis due to C difficile should have stool cultures done during and after treatment. Persistence of the organism in the absence of detectable cytotoxin may identify those patients who relapse and lead to either recommencement of vancomycin or alternative therapeutic approaches.
Could kindness heal the NHS?
Authors: A. M. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I’m sure I’m not the only one who is perturbed by evidence of a lack of caring in the NHS. As a doctor I know that this evidence is not just media scaremongering. I regularly treat acutely unwell elderly patients in need of hospitalisation who beg me not to send them in. I know sensible people who have given up going to their general practice, disillusioned by doctors who seem to be more interested in their computer than in them. I share the despair of patients with complex mental healthcare needs, refused help from psychiatric services because they have concomitant drug or alcohol issues or are labelled as “untreatable,” and the weary outrage of homeless people, discharged from hospital straight back onto the street while still recovering from a serious illness. I hear of growing numbers of Britons on the waiting list for assisted suicide in Zurich. All this makes me wonder whether we have given up on the notion of a caring health service.

My personal disquiet about our system …
Self suppression of phosphoinositide turnover and contraction by stimulating release of endogenous endothelium derived relaxing factor in vascular action of histamine
Authors: T. Nishimoto, M. Yokoyama, H. Fukuzaki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between phosphoinositide turnover and vascular contraction in response to histamine, and the role of endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in these activities. Design – Thoracic aortic strips were studied under isometric tension in an organ bath. Phosphoinositide turnover was studied using [32P]Pi labelling. Cumulative concentration-response curves were obtained for histamine, and for histamine plus H1 and H2 antagonists. The effect of endothelial denudation was examined, as was that of removing Ca2− from buffer medium, and of adding methylene blue, an inhibitor of EDRF. Experimental preparations – Thoracic aortic rings were obtained from 81 male Japanese white rabbits, weight 2.0-2.4 kg. Measurements and main results – Histamine (0.1 μmol–0.1 mmol·litre−1) caused concentration dependent contractions and increases of [32P]Pi incorporation into phosphatidylinositol (ED50 = 4.6 μmol·litre−1 and 4.0 μmol·litre−1 respectively). Diphenhydramine inhibited contractile response and phosphatidylinositol labelling by histamine. Cimetidine potentiated contractile response but had no effect on phosphatidylinositol labelling. Endothelial denudation potentiated maximum contraction by 15% and augmented phosphatidylinositol labelling at 0.1 mmol·litre−1 histamine by 30%. In intact aortic rings, methylene blue (10 μmol·litre−1), an inhibitor of EDRF, potentiated histamine induced phosphatidylinositol labelling, but had no influence on denuded rings. A-23187 (0.01 μmol·litre−1), which caused release of EDRF from intact endothelium, suppressed histamine induced phosphatidylinositol labelling in intact aortic rings. Conclusions – The results suggest that stimulation of the release of EDRF in response to histamine causes self suppression of phosphoinositide turnover and contraction.
A young woman with rigors and abdominal pain
Authors: O. A. Leach, E. J. Gilbert, A. Evans, G. I. v. Boxel
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 17 year old girl was brought into the emergency department by her mother with a 24 hour history of left sided abdominal pain, rigors, and vomiting. The pain was a dull constant ache, with intermittent left sided sharp exacerbations radiating from loin to groin. She had no urinary symptoms and her bowels had been normal. She was otherwise fit and well and took no regular drugs. She had no known allergies.

On examination, she had a temperature of 39.3°C. Her abdomen was soft but diffusely tender. She had no masses, guarding, or organomegaly, and her bowel sounds were normal. Blood tests showed a white cell count of 3.7×109/L with mild neutropenia, haemoglobin was 124 g/L, and platelets were 259×109/L. Liver function tests showed an isolated raised alanine aminotransferase of 87 U/L, urea and electrolytes were within normal limits, and C reactive protein was 16 mol/L. A urine dipstick test was negative for leucocytes, nitrites, blood, and protein. A midstream urine sample and blood cultures were sent for analysis. Abdominal radiography showed no abnormalities, but an abdominal ultrasound showed a left sided duplex kidney. No stones or collections were noted.

A working diagnosis of pyelonephritis was made and she was started on intravenous piperacillin (penicillin) and tazobactam (Tazocin) in accordance with the trust’s policy for complicated urinary tract infection. After taking antibiotics for 48 hours, her condition did not improve and she developed a maculopapular rash on the anterior aspect of her chest.



### 1 In light of the rash, what alternative diagnoses would you consider?

#### Short answer

The fever and rigors suggest infection, and viral illnesses should be considered in the absence of …
REPETITION OF VERBAL SIGNALS: BEHAVIOURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
Authors: D. EWEN CAMERON, LEONARD LEVY, L. RUBENSTEIN, R. B. MALMO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

We have studied the effects of repetition on certain aspects of the behaviour of the individual, notably his attitudes, interpersonal relations and his self concept. We have also studied the effects of repetition on ear temperature levels. With respect to the behavioural changes it has been demonstrated that repetition will produce predetermined change. In the psychosomatic studies, repetition will produce change but not necessarily in a predetermined direction. Behavioural changes have been demonstrated for over a year after cessation of repetition in several cases in which the circumstances were very favourable. The changes in the ear temperature levels faded within a few days after cessation of repetition.
Reflex Control of Sympathetic Activity During Simulated Ventricular Tachycardia in Humans
Authors: Michael L. Smith, Jose A. Joglar, Stephen L. Wasmund, Mark D. Carlson, Patrick J. Welch, Mohamed H. Hamdan, Kara Quan, Richard L. Page
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Ventricular tachyarrhythmias present a unique set of stimuli to arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors by increasing cardiac filling pressures and decreasing arterial pressure. The net effect on the control of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in humans is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative roles of cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreceptors in controlling SNA and arterial pressure during ventricular pacing in humans. Methods and Results —Two experiments were performed in which SNA and hemodynamic responses to ventricular pacing were compared with nitroprusside infusion (NTP) in 12 patients and studied with and without head-up tilt or phenylephrine to normalize the stimuli to either the arterial or cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in 9 patients. In experiment 1, the slope of the relation between SNA and mean arterial pressure was greater during NTP (−4.7±1.4 U/mm Hg) than during ventricular pacing (−3.4±1.1 U/mm Hg). Comparison of NTP doses and ventricular pacing rates that produced comparable hypotension showed that SNA increased more during NTP ( P =0.03). In experiment 2, normalization of arterial pressure during pacing resulted in SNA decreasing below baseline ( P &lt;0.05), whereas normalization of cardiac filling pressure resulted in a greater increase in SNA than pacing alone (212±35% versus 189±37%, P =0.04). Conclusions —These data demonstrate that in humans arterial baroreflex control predominates in mediating sympathoexcitation during ventricular tachyarrhythmias and that cardiopulmonary baroreceptors contribute significant inhibitory modulation.
1011. A Combination of Ceramide Analogue and FasL Gene Therapy Can Be a Potential Novel Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ahmed El-Zawahry, David Holman, Xiang Liu, Saeed Elojaem, Alicja Bielawaska, Jacek Bielwaski, Zdislaw Szulc, Yusuf Hannun, James S. Norris
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancerin men and the second leading cancer death.Nearly 50% of patients have recurrence after definitive local therapy indicating an increased need for more effective therapies. We previously demonstrated (Hyer ML et al. Mol Ther 2(4):348|[ndash]|358, 2000) that adenovirus (AdGFPFasLTET) mediated overexpression of a GFPFasL fusion protein overcomes Fas resistance in DU145 cells induicng apoptosis. Bystander activity is also produced due to FasL presentation on apoptotic vesicles. However, some fraction of cancers, i.e DU145 xenografts, are resistant to bystander-mediated apoptosis (Hyer ML et al. Can Gene Ther10(4):330|[ndash]|339, 2003). We can promote sensitization to FasL bystander induced apoptosis by modification of ceramide metabolism.
Mohs micrographic surgery in primary care: knowledge of the technique and perceptions of Mohs surgeons among general practitioners in one U.K. region
Authors: A. Kapadia, W. Hussain
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Mohs micrographic surgery in primary care: knowledge of the technique and perceptions of Mohs surgeons among general practitioners in one U.K. region Get access A. Kapadia, A. Kapadia Department of Mohs Micrographic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hosptial, Leeds, L57 45A, U.K. E‐mail: drwhussain@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Hussain W. Hussain Department of Mohs Micrographic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hosptial, Leeds, L57 45A, U.K. E‐mail: drwhussain@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 167, Issue 4, 1 October 2012, Pages 961–963, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10989.x Published: 01 October 2012
Development and Validation of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Satisfaction With Care Scale
Authors: Spencer D. Dorn, Carolyn B. Morris, Susan E. Schneck, Teresa M. Hopper, Yuming J.B. Hu, Renuka Kelapure, Stephan R. Weinland, William F. Norton, Nancy J. Norton, Douglas A. Drossman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Access controls on bmj.com: Enable accessibility and avoid formation of two tier journal
Authors: Rodger Charlton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—It is a great shame that a charge is now levied for access to bmj.com,1 and I am particularly conscious that this will restrict access by those such as students and doctors in training, not to mention the public and colleagues outside the United Kingdom. Only last month at a hospice conference I suggested that delegates referred online to an editorial by Richard Smith in 2000.

For me as a clinician and academic, the greatest success and advance of the BMJ in the past few years has been its website and easy access to its archives. In addition is the opportunity to debate in an electronic forum such as bmj.com.

Although I also subscribe to the Lancet, I realise that for many, electronic access to this journal (unlike the BMJ) is not possible or affordable and so will reduce the size of the readership and circulation.

In an electronic response on a similar theme, about charging authors to submit papers,2 I said: “Yes, open access might reduce the cost of scientific publishing, but at what cost? Introducing a fee to authors for publication could quickly lead to two tier research as access to publishing research in online journals would be limited to a small number of practitioners who may have gained the necessary research funding. This would result in a potentially limited pool of advances in medicine being disseminated to the scientific community and thus quality journals such as the BMJ with their present reputation would be lost.”3

This issue should be debated further.
Medical Effects of Abrupt Withdrawal of Neuroleptic Therapy
Authors: Roy Lacoursiere
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  In a recent letter, Kumar (239:25, 1978) noted nausea and vomiting 24 to 48 hours after the abrupt withdrawal of thioridazine therapy. Nausea and vomiting are among the most common of the phenothiazine withdrawal symptoms and may especially be a problem for patients with gastrointestinal diseases, such as peptic ulcers. Although these symptoms can occur after abrupt withdrawal of therapy with perhaps any closely related agent, it appears that neuroleptics with more autonomic-type effects are most strongly implicated. 1 Also, the symptoms may be aggravated if therapy with antiparkinsonian agents is concomitantly and abruptly withdrawn.  It is a likely time that these effects are noted in the appropriate manufacturers' literature; this is currently being done for at least Thorazine, a trademark of chlorpromazine.
Evaluation of a Role for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of X-linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets and Osteomalacia
Authors: Marc K. Drezner, Kenneth W. Lyles, Mark R. Haussler, John M. Harrelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Although a defect in renal transport of phosphate seems well established as the primary abnormality underlying the pathogenesis of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia, several observations indicate that renal phosphate wasting and hypophosphatemia cannot solely account for the spectrum of abnormalities characteristic of this disease. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the potential role of abnormal vitamin D metabolism in the pathogenesis of this disorder and the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 therapy on both the biochemical abnormalities characteristic of this disease and the osteomalacia. Four untreated patients, ages 14-30 yr, had normocalcemia (9.22±0.06 mg/dl); hypophosphatemia (2.25±0.11 mg/dl); a decreased renal tubular maximum for the reabsorption of phosphate per liter of glomerular filtrate (2.12±0.09 mg/dl); normal serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentration; negative phosphate balance; and bone biopsy evidence of osteomalacia. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration was 33.9±7.2 ng/ml and, despite hypophosphatemia, the serum level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was not increased, but was normal at 30.3±2.8 pg/ml. These data suggested that abnormal homeostasis of vitamin D metabolism might be a second defect central to the phenotypic expression of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia. This hypothesis was supported by evaluation of the long-term response to pharmacological amounts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 therapy in three subjects. The treatment regimen resulted in elevation of the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels to values in the supraphysiological range. Moreover, the serum phosphate and renal tubular maximum for the reabsorption of phosphate per liter of glomerular filtrate increased towards normal whereas the phosphate balance became markedly positive. Most importantly, however, repeat bone biopsies revealed that therapy had positively affected the osteomalacic component of the disease, resulting in normalization of the mineralization front activity. Indeed, a central role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the mineralization of the osteomalacic bone is suggested by the linear relationship between the serum level of this active vitamin D metabolite and the mineralization front activity. We, therefore, suggest that a relative deficiency of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a factor in the pathogenesis of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia and may modulate the phenotypic expression of this disease.
Timing of the triggering action of shooting in relation to the cardiac cycle.
Authors: P Helin, T Sihvonen, O Hänninen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

The purpose of this study was to verify the timing of triggering in relation to the cardiac cycle in shooting. The test subjects were six Finnish rifle and pistol champions as well as three beginners at shooting. The electrical activity of the trigger finger muscle (m. flexor digitorum superficialis; surface electrodes) and the heart cycle were fed into a two-channel x-t recorder. The movements of the gun were recorded using a laser technique and, at the same time, cardiac cycles were also monitored. Results showed that the champion shooters triggered during diastole whereas the beginners triggered both during diastole and systole. The results of those beginners triggering during diastole were better than those triggering during systole.