tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of psychosocial intervention in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease: the multicentre, rater blinded, randomised Danish Alzheimer Intervention Study (DAISY)
Authors: F. B. Waldorff, D. V. Buss, A. Eckermann, M. L. H. Rasmussen, N. Keiding, S. Rishoj, V. Siersma, J. Sorensen, L. V. Sorensen, A. Vogel, G. Waldemar
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the efficacy at 12 months of an early psychosocial counselling and support programme for outpatients with mild Alzheimer's disease and their primary care givers. <b>Design</b> Multicentre, randomised, controlled, rater blinded trial. <b>Setting</b> Primary care and memory clinics in five Danish districts. <b>Participants</b> 330 outpatients with mild Alzheimer's disease and their 330 primary care givers. <b>Interventions</b> Participating dyads (patient and primary care giver) were randomised to control support during follow-up or to control support plus DAISY intervention (multifaceted and semi-tailored counselling, education, and support). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcomes at 12 months for patients were change from baseline in mini mental state examination (MMSE) score, Cornell depression scale score, and proxy rated European quality of life visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) score. For care givers, outcomes were change from baseline in geriatric depression scale (GDS 30 items) score and EQ-VAS score. <b>Results</b> Because of multiple testing, statistical significance was set at an adjusted P limit of &lt;0.0005. At 12 months there were no significant differences between the two allocation groups in changes from baseline in the primary and secondary outcomes. However, although non-significant with the adjusted P limit, a small difference was observed for one of the primary patient outcomes (Cornell depression scale score) in patients in favour of the DAISY intervention group before and after adjusting for attrition (P=0.0146 and P=0.0103 respectively). <b>Conclusions</b> The multifaceted, semi-tailored intervention with counselling, education, and support for patients with mild Alzheimer's disease and their care givers did not have any significant effect beyond that with well structured follow-up support at 12 months after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The small positive effect found in the unadjusted primary outcome addressing depressive symptoms in patients may call for further research focusing on patients with Alzheimer's disease and comorbid depression. <b>Trial registration</b>ISRCTN74848736.
Training in psychosexual medicine
Authors: M Duddle
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - As a founder member of the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine who began my own psychosexual training briefly with Balint and then with Tom Main, I read with interest the account of the institute's current method of training and of its valiant attempt to assess it, a notoriously difficult exercise.1 I was, however, surprised to learn that the institute adheres rigidly to some of the rules laid down in those early days …
DIFFERENTIAL RELATIONS OF BASELINE AND ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED SERUM AMYLOID A LEVELS IN HUMANS
Authors: Claire Mulvey, Nehal Mehta, M. Haris Usman, Stephen Master, Rhia Shah, Parth Patel, Christine hinkle, Rachana Shah, Jane Ferguson, Muredach Reilly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Increased Filamentous Growth of <i>Candida Albicans</i> in Simulated Microgravity
Authors: Sara D. Altenburg, Sheila M. Nielsen-Preiss, Linda E. Hyman
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2008)

Abstract Knowledge of simulated microgravity (SMG)-induced changes in the pathogenicity of microorganisms is important for success of long-term spaceflight. In a previous study using the high aspect ratio vessel bioreactor, we showed that the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae underwent a significant phenotypic response when grown in modeled microgravity, which was reflected in the analysis of gene expression profiles. In this study, we establish that Candida albicans responds to SMG in a similar fashion, demonstrating that there is a conserved response among yeast to this environmental stress. We also report that the growth of C. albicans in SMG results in a morphogenic switch that is consistent with enhanced pathogenicity. Specifically, we observed an increase in filamentous forms of the organism and accompanying changes in the expression of two genes associated with the yeast-hyphal transition. The morphological response may have significant implications for astronauts’ safety, as the fungal pathogen may become more virulent during spaceflight.
Species and individual differences in communication based on private states
Authors: David Lubinski, Travis Thompson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1993)

Abstract The way people come to report private stimulation (e.g., feeling states) arising within their own bodies is not well understood. Although the Darwinian assumption of biological continuity has been the basis of extensive animal modeling for many human biological and behavioral phenomena, few have attempted to model human communication based on private stimulation. This target article discusses such an animal model using concepts and methods derived from the study of discriminative stimulus effects of drugs and recent research on interanimal communication. We discuss how humans acquire the capacity to identify and report private stimulation and we analyze intra- and interspecies differences in neurochemical mechanisms for transducing interoceptive stimuli, enzymatic and other metabolic factors, learning ability, and discrimination learning histories and their relation to psychiatric and developmental disabilities.
Low zone desensitization: a stimulus-specific control mechanism of cell response. Investigations on anaphylatoxin-induced platelet secretion.
Authors: S Meuer, B Zanker, U Hadding, D Bitter-Suermann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The biologic activity of the anaphylatoxic peptides C5a and C3a is regulated efficiently at the target-cell level by the phenomenon of desensitization. Desensitization of platelets is stimulus specific and can be induced by low concentrations of anaphylatoxins without any preceding secretory event. In contrast to activation to secretion, desensitization is Ca++ independent but much more time consuming, especially at lower temperatures where both processes differ markedly in reaction velocity. This low zone desensitization insures that secretion from platelets only occurs when high amounts of anaphylatoxins are rapidly generated in the vicinity of the target-cell. Consequently, stimulus-specific unresponsiveness of the target cells can be induced by slowly increasing the concentration of the respective stimuli in their vicinity. Cellular control seems to act as a first-line mechanism of regulation, whereas the role of fluid-phase control is considered as preventing longer persistence and systemic accumulation of active anaphylatoxins.
Campaign to revitalise academic medicine: Is the bubble due to burst for medical research funding?
Authors: Bruce G Charlton, Peter Andras
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—The campaign to revitalise academic medicine may well demand radical thinking.1 Many expect or hope for a continuation of the long term expansion of medical research funding, but consider the fate of physics.

Physics was once the richest, most self confident, and most prestigious science. The first half of the 20th century was a golden age for its science, the time after the second world …
Localization of a Corticotropin-Secreting Tumor by Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Venous Sampling
Authors: Lan Vu, Pierre R. Theodore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: Corticotropin-secreting pulmonary tumors are an uncommon cause of Cushing's syndrome.1 Precise localization of ectopic (nonpituitary) sources of corticotropin can be difficult: radio...
Increased Amygdala Activation During Mania: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Lori Altshuler, Susan Bookheimer, Manuel A. Proenza, Jennifer Townsend, Fred Sabb, Ann Firestine, George Bartzokis, Jim Mintz, John Mazziotta, Mark S. Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

This study sought to investigate neural activity in the amygdala during episodes of mania.Nine manic subjects and nine healthy comparison subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a neuropsychological paradigm known to activate the amygdala. Subjects viewed faces displaying affect (experimental task) and geometric forms (control task) and matched them to one of two simultaneously presented similar images.Manic subjects had significantly increased activation in the left amygdala and reduced bilateral activation in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex relative to the comparison subjects.Increased activation in the amygdala and decreased activation in the orbitofrontal cortex may represent disruption of a specific neuroanatomic circuit involved in mania. These brain regions may be implicated in disorders involving regulation of affect.
IMPACT OF TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM ON CVD RISK REDUCTION AND ADOPTION OF HEALTHY LIFE STYLE BEHAVIORS
Authors: Mohamad Alkhouli, Carol J Homko, Abdul Kashem, William P Santimore, Nabeel Memon, Jorge Gonzalez, Linda Zamora, Timothy R McConnell, Alfed A Bove
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Uniform Manuscript Requirements: New Edition
Authors: EDWARD J. HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Editorials1 June 1982Uniform Manuscript Requirements: New EditionEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D., North American Correspondent, International Committee of Medical Journal EditorsEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, North American Correspondent, International Committee of Medical Journal EditorsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-783_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, authors of "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (1), met last October in Atlanta as guests of the Centers for Disease Control to draft a new edition of the document. That new edition is being published in this issue (2) and in the 12 June issue ofBritish Medical Journal. Because of the wide participation in the uniform-requirements agreement by journals around the world, the Committee agreed that any changes in the requirements should evolve slowly. Hence the requirements stipulated in the new edition are for the most part those in...References1. . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:95-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:766-71. LinkGoogle Scholar3. HUTH E. Manuscript requirements: the advance from Vancouver. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:130-2. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1982Volume 96, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 783-783 Issue Published: 1 June 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Alveolar permeability and stretch: too far, too fast
Authors: X. Trepat, R. Farré
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Mechanical ventilation is the most widely used therapy in intensive care units and the cornerstone treatment for patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 1. Although essential for successful management of respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation can also exacerbate or even directly injure the lungs 2, 3. This damage, commonly referred to as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), is characterised by increased permeability of the alveolar epithelium to fluids and macromolecules 4. Mechanisms leading to such increase include direct mechanical damage caused by excessive stretch of the lungs (barotrauma and volutrauma) or by repetitive opening and closing of recruitable alveolar units (atelectrauma) 3. In addition, mechanical stretch alone can trigger mechanotransduction pathways that may lead to local 5 and systemic inflammatory responses (biotrauma) 6.

To understand each of these mechanisms and their relative contribution to the pathogenesis of VILI, several in vitro strategies have been adopted. One of these strategies is to subject cells cultured on deformable substrates to stretch patterns mimicking those experienced by lung cells during mechanical ventilation 7–9. This approach has provided a wealth of knowledge regarding the biological consequences of overstretching lung cells. It is well known, for instance, that large stretches induce: apoptosis, the release of inflammatory cytokines, structural changes in tight junctions, and plasma membrane breaks 3, 8–10. A major drawback of in vitro stretch systems, however, is that the final readout is generally limited to biochemical markers. Stretch-induced synthesis, secretion and (de)phosphorylation of proteins as well as levels of mRNA production have become routinely available, but a quantitative analysis of microstructural changes in the epithelium and their influence on epithelial permeability has remained virtually inaccessible.

To overcome this limitation, Cavanaugh et al. 11 recently developed a technique …
261. Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral (rAAV) Microdystrophin Vectors as Therapeutic Tools for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
Authors: Takis Athanasopoulos, Ian Graham, Helen Foster, Norma Perez, Adelin Vulin, Vanessa Hill, Stewart Fabb, Luis Garcia, Olivier Danos, George Dickson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal genetic muscle disorder affecting 1:3500 male individuals, caused by recessive mutations in the dystrophin gene. The size of the gene (2.4Mb) and mRNA (14kb) in addition to immunogenicity problems and inefficient transduction of mature myofibres by currently available vector systems (that could incorporate the full dystrophin cDNA cassette) are formidable obstacles to the development of gene therapy. AAV vectors overcome many of the problems associated with other vector systems but accommodate limited transgene capacity (<5kb). More than 8 AAV vector serotypes have been identified to date with certain serotypes (1, 5, 6, 7) displaying more favourable tropism in transducing muscle fibers compared to the traditionally used AAV2.
Medical Importance of Taste and Smell
Authors: Robert I. Henkin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Goodhill's LETTER to the Editor (<b>218</b>:99, 1971) is interesting and raises several important points. The most important question raised relates to the contributory role of local abnormalities in the production on the new syndrome "Idiopathic Hypogeusia With Dysgeusia, Hyposmia, and Dysosmia" (<b>217</b>:434, 1971). It is clear that local taste nerve abnormalities can produce local hypogeusia. Similarly, any local lesion which obstructs the flow of odorant to the olfactory epithelium can produce hyposmia. Our study stated that each patient was "carefully" evaluated clinically and by laboratory test for any known cause of hypogeusia. Examinations included a battery of laboratory tests and examinations designed to uncover any metabolic, otorhinolaryngological, neurological, or genetic lesion. Results of these tests did not relate the hypogeusia to any previously described cause. It was for this reason that the hypogeusia was called idiopathic. However, the details of the otorhinolaryngological examination were not
Quality Improvement Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Michael Pignone, Darren DeWalt
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vortioxetine, a novel antidepressant with multimodal activity: Review of preclinical and clinical data
Authors: Connie Sanchez, Karen E. Asin, Francesc Artigas
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2014)

Vortioxetine, a novel antidepressant for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), is a 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist, 5-HT1A receptor agonist and serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) inhibitor. Here we review its preclinical and clinical properties and discuss translational aspects. Vortioxetine increases serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, histaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in brain structures associated with MDD. These multiple effects likely derive from its interaction with 5-HT-receptor-mediated negative feedback mechanisms controlling neuronal activity. In particular, 5-HT3 receptors may play a prominent role, since their blockade i) increases pyramidal neuron activity by removing 5-HT3 receptor-mediated excitation of GABA interneurons, and ii) augments SSRI effects on extracellular 5-HT. However, modulation of the other 5-HT receptor subtypes also likely contributes to vortioxetine's pharmacological effects. Preclinical animal models reveal differences from SSRIs and SNRIs, including antidepressant-like activity, increased synaptic plasticity and improved cognitive function. Vortioxetine had clinical efficacy in patients with MDD: 11 placebo-controlled studies (including one in elderly) with efficacy in 8 (7 positive, 1 supportive), 1 positive active comparator study plus a positive relapse prevention study. In two positive studies, vortioxetine was superior to placebo in pre-defined cognitive outcome measures. The clinically effective dose range (5-20mg/day) spans ~50 to >80% SERT occupancy. SERT and 5-HT3 receptors are primarily occupied at 5mg, while at 20mg, all targets are likely occupied at functionally relevant levels. The side-effect profile is similar to that of SSRIs, with gastrointestinal symptoms being most common, and a low incidence of sexual dysfunction and sleep disruption possibly ascribed to vortioxetine's receptor modulation.
Self management of arthritis in primary care: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marta Buszewicz, Greta Rait, Mark Griffin, Irwin Nazareth, Anita Patel, Angela Atkinson, Julie Barlow, Andy Haines
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate clinical effectiveness of a self management programme for arthritis in patients in primary care with osteoarthritis. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 74 general practices in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 812 patients aged 50 and over with osteoarthritis of hips or knees (or both) and pain or disability (or both). <b>Intervention</b> Participants were randomised to six sessions of self management of arthritis and an education booklet (intervention group) or the education booklet alone (control group). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcome was quality of life, as assessed by the short form health survey (SF-36). Several other physical and psychosocial secondary outcomes were assessed. Data were collected at baseline, four months, and 12 months. <b>Results</b> Response rates were 80% and 76% at four and 12 months. The two groups showed significant differences at 12 months on the anxiety subscore of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (mean difference −0.62, 95% confidence interval −1.08 to −0.16), arthritis self efficacy scale for pain (0.98, 0.07 to 1.89), and self efficacy for other aspects of management (1.58, 0.25 to 2.90). Results were similar for intention to treat and per protocol analyses. No significant difference was seen in number of visits to the general practitioner at 12 months. <b>Conclusions</b> The self management of arthritis programme reduced anxiety and improved participants9 perceived self efficacy to manage symptoms, but it had no significant effect on pain, physical functioning, or contact with primary care. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN79115352[controlled-trials.com].
IGF-1 and Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes
Authors: Elena Conti, Dario Pitocco, Ettore Capoluongo, Cecilia Zuppi, Giovanni Ghirlanda, Filippo Crea, Felicita Andreotti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Results from a population-based survey Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic proficiency of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-III definitions (1,2) for the metabolic syndrome in a Mexican nationwide, population-based survey.Details of the sampling procedures have been previously described (3).The population was composed of 2,158 men and women aged 20 -69 years sampled after a 9-to 12-h fasting period.For the WHO criteria, insulin resistance was diagnosed if a nondiabetic case had fasting insulin concentrations Ն126 pmol/l (21 U/ml) (Ͼ75th percentile in Mexican adults).The ageadjusted prevalence was 13.61% for the WHO criteria (n ϭ 268) and 26.6% for the NCEP-III definition (n ϭ 574).After excluding patients with diabetes, the prevalence was 9.2 and 21.4%, respectively.The agreement between the definitions was assessed in 1,969 subjects; 189 cases were eliminated due to the lack of a urine sample.The number of abnormal cases was lower using the WHO criteria.Only 237 of the 545 subjects (43.4%) who fulfilled the NCEP criteria were diagnosed as affected using the WHO definition.Just 16 of 253 cases (6.3%) detected by the WHO definition did not fulfill the NCEP definition.The agreement between the criteria was moderate ( ϭ 0.507).On the other hand, the subjects diagnosed using the WHO recommendations had a worse profile than the cases detected by the NCEP-III definition only-they had a higher BMI and higher non-HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations.The demonstration of insulin resistance among the nondiabetic population caused the lack of agreement in 202 of the 242 cases that fulfilled the NCEP definition but failed the WHO criteria.Other reasons for disparity were the higher thresholds used by the WHO criteria; these differences explained the lack of agreement in 66 of the 152 cases with diabetes.In conclusion, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is influenced by the selection of the diagnostic criteria.The WHO criteria identified a lower number of cases than the NCEP-III definition.These differences were explained mainly by the inclusion of abnormally high insulin concentrations as a diagnostic criterion.However, the presence of insulin resistance may help to identify patients more severely affected (4).
690 SUPPRESSION OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN BY INTERFERON THERAPY REDUCES THE RISK OF HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Y. Asahina, K. Tsuchiya, M. Muraoka, K. Tanaka, Y. Suzuki, N. Tamaki, Y. Hoshioka, T. Katoh, Y. Yasui, T. Hosokawa, K. Ueda, H. Nakanishi, J. Itakura, Y. Takahashi, M. Kurosaki, N. Izumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)