tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IκB Genetic Polymorphisms and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
Authors: Stephen J. Chapman, Chiea C. Khor, Fredrik O. Vannberg, Angela Frodsham, Andrew Walley, Nicholas A. Maskell, Christopher W. H. Davies, Shelley Segal, Catrin E. Moore, Stephen H. Gillespie, Paul Denny, Nicholas P. Day, Derrick W. Crook, Robert J. O. Davies, Adrian V. S. Hill
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Increasing evidence supports a key role for the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in the host response to pneumococcal infection. Control of NF-kappaB activity is achieved through interactions with the IkappaB family of inhibitors, encoded by the genes NFKBIA, NFKBIB, and NFKBIE. Rare NFKBIA mutations cause immunodeficiency with severe bacterial infection, raising the possibility that common IkappaB gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to common bacterial disease.To determine whether polymorphisms in NFKBIA, NFKBIB, and NFKBIE associate with susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and thoracic empyema.We studied the frequencies of 62 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across NFKBIA, NFKBIB, and NFKBIE in individuals with IPD and control subjects (n=1,060). Significantly associated SNPs were then studied in a group of individuals with thoracic empyema and a second control group (n=632).Two SNPs in the NFKBIA promoter region were associated with protection from IPD in both the initial study group and the pneumococcal empyema subgroup. Significant protection from IPD was observed for carriage of mutant alleles at these two loci on combining the groups (SNP rs3138053: Mantel-Haenszel 2x2 chi2=13.030, p=0.0003; odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.79; rs2233406: Mantel-Haenszel 2x2 chi2=18.927, p=0.00001; OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.42-0.72). An NFKBIE SNP associated with susceptibility to IPD but not pneumococcal empyema. None of the NFKBIB SNPs associated with IPD susceptibility.NFKBIA polymorphisms associate with susceptibility to IPD. Genetic variation in an inhibitor of NF-kappaB therefore not only causes a very rare immunodeficiency state but may also influence the development of common infectious disease.
US tops salty fast food league table
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The salt content of items sold by international fast food chains can vary substantially both between different food items and even for the same item sold in different countries, a new study published in CMAJ , the journal of the Canadian Medical Association, has found (doi:10.1503/cmaj.111895).

The authors believe that there are no technical reasons for salt to be added at high levels and therefore that it should be possible to significantly reduce the overall use of salt in fast food.

Hypertension and associated health problems are associated with high consumption of salt in the Western diet. About three …
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Clinical Proteomics Working Group Report
Authors: Christopher B. Granger, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, Stephen C. Mockrin, N. Leigh Anderson
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Clinical Proteomics Working Group was charged with identifying opportunities and challenges in clinical proteomics and using these as a basis for recommendations aimed at directly improving patient care. The group included representatives of clinical and translational research, proteomic technologies, laboratory medicine, bioinformatics, and 2 of the NHLBI Proteomics Centers, which form part of a program focused on innovative technology development. This report represents the results from a one-and-a-half-day meeting on May 8 and 9, 2003. For the purposes of this report, clinical proteomics is defined as the systematic, comprehensive, large-scale identification of protein patterns ("fingerprints") of disease and the application of this knowledge to improve patient care and public health through better assessment of disease susceptibility, prevention of disease, selection of therapy for the individual, and monitoring of treatment response.
Alternative signaling: cardiomyocyte β1-adrenergic receptors signal through EGFRs
Authors: Stefan Engelhardt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Acute stimulation of cardiac β1-adrenergic receptors (β1ARs) by norepinephrine represents the strongest endogenous mechanism for increasing cardiac function, but long-term stimulation induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and contributes to cardiac disease. These effects have been attributed to coupling of the β1AR to the stimulatory G protein (Gs) and classical cAMP-mediated signaling. In this issue of the JCI, Noma and colleagues report that cardiomyocyte β1ARs may in addition deliver an antiapoptotic signal through transactivation of EGFRs (see the related article beginning on page 2445). Their findings provide a perspective for a novel class of receptor ligands that may direct β1AR signaling toward alternative signaling pathways.
Selection-driven immune escape is not a significant factor in the failure of CD4 T cell responses in persistent hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Michael J. Fuller, Naglaa H. Shoukry, Toshifumi Gushima, David G. Bowen, Benoit Callendret, Katherine J. Campbell, Dana L. Hasselschwert, Austin L. Hughes, Christopher M. Walker
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Immune escape driven by selection pressure from virus-specific CD8 T cells has been demonstrated in both chimpanzees and humans infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although escape mutations have also been characterized in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II–restricted HCV epitopes, it is unknown whether selection-driven immune escape by CD4 T cell epitopes is a significant factor in the failure of these responses or contributes to persistent infection. To address this issue, evolution of MHC class I– and class II–restricted HCV epitopes was compared in four chimpanzees persistently infected with the virus for more than 10 years. We identified an amino acid change in a CD4 epitope of the HCV NS3 protein in one of the chimpanzees 3 years after infection. This mutation resulted in diminished activation, cytokine production (interferon-γ and interleukin-2), and proliferation by an epitope-specific CD4 T cell line. We expanded our analysis to determine if mutations were common in multiple CD4 versus CD8 T cell epitopes in the four chronically infected animals. Whereas we observed mutations in over 75% of CD8 T cell epitopes analyzed in this study, only 18% of CD4 T cell epitopes analyzed showed amino acid changes. The frequency of changes in class II epitopes was not different from flanking regions, so CD4 T cells rarely exert selection pressure against the HCV genome. Conclusion: Apparent mutational escape can occur in MHC class II–restricted epitopes, but this is uncommon when compared with class I–restricted epitopes in the same individual. This indicates that other mechanisms for silencing CD4 T cells are dominant in persistent HCV infections. (Hepatology 2009.)
Macular amyloidosis with widespread diffuse pigmentation
Authors: C.-K. WANG, J.Y.-Y. LEE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report two patients with an unusual variant of macular amyloidosis who had diffuse homogeneous hyperpigmentation without papules, a rippled pattern or poikiloderma. The hyperpigmentation was extensive, involving the face, neck, mucosa, axillae, groin and peripheries in one patient and only the face and arms in the other. Skin biopsies in both cases revealed subepidermal band-like amyloid deposits. Neither patient had systemic involvement. The skin lesions in these patients could be easily confused with hyperpigmentation caused by endocrine disorders, drugs, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyl or cutaneous inflammation.
Lectures on the Methodology of Clinical Research
Authors: Mary E. Charlson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The second edition of Hamilton's lectures serves as a useful review of traditional concepts of research architecture for the young clinician. It outlines an approach to clinical experimentation. It explains statistical principles relevant to the design and evaluation of clinical research.  The initial sections of the book discuss basic principles of experimental design. The book stresses the necessity of careful specification of the experimental hypothesis and describes the difficulties of designing the experiment to test the hypothesis. While the importance of developing criteria to define therapeutic endpoint is emphasized, the author does not fully discuss the problems of developing precise criteria for each phase of the clinical experiment, eg, diagnostic criteria. The book presents methods of appraising clinical trials to ensure that the conclusions that are drawn are warranted. It warns the reader, for instance, of the error of equating correlation and causation, but not of the error of equating
Interspecies transfer of female mitochondrial DNA is coupled with role- reversals and departure from neutrality in the mussel Mytilus trossulus
Authors: H. Quesada, R. Wenne, D. O. Skibinski
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Mussels of the genus Mytilus have distinct and highly diverged male and female mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes with separate routes of inheritance. Previous studies of European populations of Mytilus trossulus demonstrated that 33% of males are heteroplasmic for a second mtDNA genome of increased length and that hybridization with Mytilus edulis does not block mtDNA introgression, in contrast to reports for American populations. Here, we demonstrate that the female mtDNA type of M. edulis has replaced the resident female mtDNA type of European M. trossulus. This is supported by COIII sequence data indicating that the female mtDNA of European M. trossulus is very similar to that of M. edulis and that in phylogenetic trees, the mtDNAs of these two species cluster together but separately from American M. trossulus sequences, the latter not being disturbed by introgressive hybridization. We also provide evidence that the mtDNA genome of increased length found in heteroplasmic males of European M. trossulus derives from a recent partition of an introgressed M. edulis female type into the male route of transmission. Neutrality tests reveal that European populations of M. trossulus display an excess of replacement polymorphism within the female mtDNA type with respect to conspecific American populations, as well as a significant excess of rare variants, of a similar magnitude to those previously reported for the invading European M. edulis mtDNA. Results are consistent with a nearly neutral model of molecular evolution and suggest that selection acting on European M. trossulus mtDNA is largely independent of the nuclear genetic background.
EPILEPSY OF SYPHILITIC ORIGIN.
Authors: JOHN T. MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

coming in contact with nitric acid.Heat did not alter the urine.On the third day, and on the days following, the bowels were abundantly moved; the pain became less excruciating and the tympanitis subsided entirely.Examination on the fifth day revealed a distended right kidney and ureter.The ureter was tender and distended from the kidney to a point on a direct line with the umbilicus; this condition was more marked on the sixth day.The distension of the ureter was above the calculus.Up to the seventh day, the day of the passage of the stone, the amount of the twenty-four hours' urine was only from twenty-five to thirty-six ounces.Preliminary to operation on the afternoon of the seventh day, the bladder was thoroughly irrigated, and, a short time afterward, in passing the warm irrigation water, the calculus was voided in the vessel.The relaxing effect of the warm water no doubt released the stone from the ureter.The dimensions of the stone are: long cir¬ cumference, % inch ; short, % inch ; weight, 8 grains.With the passing of the calculus, the high temperature, severe pain and high pulse dropped below normal before morning.The woman was discharged from the hospital three days after the expulsion of the stone.Remarks.-The particular points of interest in this case are: I.The low temperature and extreme shock. 2. The unusual size of the calculus to be voided voluntarily. 3. The stone after leaving the pelvis of the kidney completely obstructed the ureter; the accumulation of the urine above it'gave a definite outline of the ureter and showed the approximate lo¬ cation of the stone.4. The roughness of the stone and its large size did not produce hematuria. 5. Entire absence of pus. 6.The unusual feature of the almost complete crystallization of the urine in testing it with nitric acid.
Evaluation of intercostal pacing to provide artificial ventilation in quadriplegics.
Authors: A F DiMarco, G S Supinski, J A Petro, Y Takaoka
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of intercostal muscle pacing by spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to provide artificial ventilation in ventilator-dependent quadriplegic patients. Five ventilator-dependent quadriplegics with phrenic nerve injury (and therefore not candidates for phrenic nerve pacing) were studied. During an initial surgical procedure, a quadripolar epidural disc electrode was positioned on the ventral portion of the upper thoracic spinal cord via a hemilaminectomy and subsequently connected to a radio-frequency receiver implanted subcutaneously over the anterior rib cage. In four of the five patients, initial SCS stimulation resulted in inspired volumes between 150 and 240 ml. Stimulation resulted in no effect in one patient, due to probable cystic degeneration of the thoracic spinal cord. Reconditioning of the intercostal muscles caused substantial increases in inspired volume in three of four patients of 670 to 850 ml. In one patient, reconditioning resulted in a much smaller increase (to 470 ml). The maximum duration that ventilation could be sustained by low-frequency (13 Hz) intercostal pacing ranged between 20 min and 2 3/4 h. Our findings indicate that intercostal pacing via SCS does not result in sufficient inspired volume production to support ventilation for prolonged periods. However, this modality may be a useful adjunct to enhance tidal volume in patients with suboptimal inspired volume by phrenic nerve pacing.
Transplantation of Abdominal Viscera
Authors: John D. Lantos, Arthur F. Kohrman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In the March 10 issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Starzl et al<sup>1</sup>and Williams et al<sup>2</sup>describe a daring experimental procedure with potential efficacy for the treatment of a variety of otherwise fatal pediatric gastrointestinal problems. Starzl et al report the animal data that encouraged their group to experiment on humans. Williams et al report that, although the patients died, "the technical aspects of the procedure were tested and the feasibility of the procedure established." Goldsmith<sup>3</sup>describes the visceral transplantation procedures as "experimental operations" that have led to modifications in both the procedure and the patient populations for which it is considered. Moore,<sup>4</sup>in an accompanying editorial, describes three ethical considerations that should precede decisions to continue such research: only centers with adequate laboratory background, adequate clinical experience, and willingness to report results should proceed with such surgery. Neither article mentions institutional review board
Relevance of Patient Diagnosis to Analysis of Terri Schiavo Case
Authors: Joshua E. Perry, Howard S. Kirshner, Larry R. Churchill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters21 February 2006Relevance of Patient Diagnosis to Analysis of Terri Schiavo CaseJoshua E. Perry, JD, MTS, Howard S. Kirshner, MD, and Larry R. Churchill, PhDJoshua E. Perry, JD, MTSFrom Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.Search for more papers by this author, Howard S. Kirshner, MDFrom Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.Search for more papers by this author, and Larry R. Churchill, PhDFrom Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-4-200602210-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Cochrane suggested that the distinction between persistent vegetative state and minimally conscious state in the Schiavo case was “irrelevant.” At least as a matter of legal importance, we do feel that the diagnosis of persistent vegetative state is critically important to the case.The operative Florida statute (1) specifically classifies persistent vegetative state as 1 of only 3 conditions in which artificial life-prolonging procedures can be withdrawn. Florida law defines persistent vegetative state as “a permanent and irreversible condition of unconsciousness in which there is: (a) The absence of voluntary action or cognitive behavior of any kind. ...References1. Fla Stat Ann §765.305(2b) (1999). Google Scholar2. Fla Stat Ann §765.101(12) (1999). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Terri Schiavo Case: Legal, Ethical, and Medical Perspectives Joshua E. Perry , Larry R. Churchill , and Howard S. Kirshner Relevance of Patient Diagnosis to Analysis of the Terri Schiavo Case Thomas I. Cochrane Metrics 21 February 2006Volume 144, Issue 4Page: 305-306KeywordsBehaviorConflicts of interestHearing ePublished: 21 February 2006 Issue Published: 21 February 2006 CopyrightCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Adverse Reactions to Blood Donation Among Adolescents
Authors: Emmanouil K. Symvoulakis
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multiple steroid binding sites in human skin cytosol
Authors: IRENE MOWSZOWICZ, FRANCIS KOPP, PIERRE-MARIE MARTIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Multiple steroid binding sites in human skin cytosol Get access IRÈNE MOWSZOWICZ, IRÈNE MOWSZOWICZ Faculté de Médecine Pitie‐Salpetriere, Service de Biochimie, Paris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar FRANCIS KOPP, FRANCIS KOPP Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Hotel‐Dieu, Marseille Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PIÈRRE‐MARIE MARTIN PIÈRRE‐MARIE MARTIN Laboratoire des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue s23, 1 November 1982, Pages 60–61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb01033.x Published: 01 November 1982
The ingestion of asbestos fibers
Authors: I. Webster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Feeding of baboons with crocidolite showed small numbers of asbestos needles 0.5-1 mum in ashed tissue of the gut wall, which probably came from iron-containing macrophages. It is suggested that pleural plaques and hyaline nodules in the peritoneum represent a hypersensitivity reaction to ferritin protein coating on asbestos fibers. In South Africa only a few peritoneal mesotheliomas come from the asbestos areas, and the incidence of gastrointestinal carcinomas is no greater than normal. Intrapleural and intraperitoneal injection produces unrealistic situations. Calcium salts are deposited on asbestos cement pipes from hard water and organic material from soft water. It is difficult to envisage asbestos contamination of the water so reticulated.
Nm23-H1 Binds to Gelsolin and Inactivates Its Actin-Severing Capacity to Promote Tumor Cell Motility and Metastasis
Authors: Natascia Marino, Jean-Claude Marshall, Joshua W. Collins, Ming Zhou, Yongzhen Qian, Timothy Veenstra, Patricia S. Steeg
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Nm23-H1 has been identified as a metastasis suppressor gene, but its protein interactions have yet to be understood with any mechanistic clarity. In this study, we evaluated the proteomic spectrum of interactions made by Nm23-H1 in 4T1 murine breast cancer cells derived from tissue culture, primary mammary tumors, and pulmonary metastases. By this approach, we identified the actin-severing protein Gelsolin as binding partner for Nm23-H1, verifying their interaction by coimmunoprecipitation in 4T1 cells as well as in human MCF7, MDA-MB-231T, and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells. In Gelsolin-transfected cells, coexpression of Nm23-H1 abrogated the actin-severing activity of Gelsolin. Conversely, actin severing by Gelsolin was abrogated by RNA interference–mediated silencing of endogenous Nm23-H1. Tumor cell motility was negatively affected in parallel with Gelsolin activity, suggesting that Nm23-H1 binding inactivated the actin-depolymerizing function of Gelsolin to inhibit cell motility. Using indirect immunoflourescence to monitor complexes formed by Gelsolin and Nm23-H1 in living cells, we observed their colocalization in a perinuclear cytoplasmic compartment that was associated with the presence of disrupted actin stress fibers. In vivo analyses revealed that Gelsolin overexpression increased the metastasis of orthotopically implanted 4T1 or tail vein–injected MDA-MB-231T cells (P = 0.001 and 0.04, respectively), along with the proportion of mice with diffuse liver metastases, an effect ablated by coexpression of Nm23-H1. We observed no variation in proliferation among lung metastases. Our findings suggest a new actin-based mechanism that can suppress tumor metastasis. Cancer Res; 73(19); 5949–62. ©2013 AACR.