tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the Influence of Altitude with Reference to the Treatment of Pulmonary Disease
Authors: W. Marcet
Journal: BMJ (1880)

sumption is said not to be uncommon in Palma.It is the same in all the large close towns of the Mediterranean, no doubt principally from defective ventilation.Night air is feared all over the Mediterranean, and windows are shut at sunset only to be opened next day.Inter- mittent fever, as I have stated, is very common in summer and in autumn in every region of these islands-in Minorca, which is a mere rock, without a rivulet or a marsh, as in Majorca-quite irrespective of marshes of any description.This fact explains the climate of Cyprus, and its assumed unhealthiness.Both islands, Cyprus and Majorca, have the same kind of climate: what may be called the Mediterranean climate.A large body of troops disembarked in midsummer in Majorca, and located on the healthiest and driest plains, and then treated as if they were at Aldershot, would have the same fate that our troops had in Cyprus.I never could understand how or why our army medical men, knowinig, as they must do, from their experience of Malta and Corfu, the natural history of the Mediterranean climate, could have allowed such a foolish irrational step to be taken, without at least mak- ing a formal protest.i~~~~~~~~~~~~Ĩ M% \ IL -4 -SlF_+e** AZ~~~~b ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~The conclusions at which I arrived, after a careful surve) of the two principal islands of the Balearic group, are, that they cannot be recom- mended to invalids as winter residences.The climate is mild and moist in winter, it is true, which would agree with some forms of chronic disease.It is as mild and moist, apparently, as that of Algiers; but the winds are too constant and too vehement, and the storms and rains,
CASES OF INFANTILE HEMIPLEGIA.
Authors: WILLIAM L. WORCESTER
Journal: JAMA (1889)

The bladder: Generally a few drachms of high¬ ly albuminous urine were found, Remember the suppression.Black vomit has a peculiar odor, and is slightly acid to the taste.To clear up a vexed point in my mind, I collected some in one of my cases and tasted it.It required a little courage, but I was in earnest and working for results.I may state inter alia that it will never compete favorably with other beverages.The "vomit," on settling, deposits coffee-ground "particles," the fluid above being the color of weak black tea.Black vomit ¡S not bilious vomit.I tasted it to clear up this very point.Black vomit as a symptom is of grave import.It indicates blood changes-the beginning of the necremia.While at Panama I sent my friends
Next Step on Road to Possible Gene Therapy Expected in June, but Many Steps Remain
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE WOULD-BE gene therapists at the National Institutes of Health aren't letting any grass grow under their feet.  Last year, they received approval to use an inserted gene (for resistance to neomycin) as a marker for determining the viability of genetically altered cultures of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes injected into patients with advanced malignant melanomas ( JAMA . 1989; 262:1909, 1989;262:16, and 1989;261: 504). Now, the Bethesda, Md, scientists are embarking on a plan to insert the gene for adenosine deaminase deficiency into perhaps 10 children with this bone marrow disorder.  True Gene Therapy?  Their proposal, if approved, will be the first to actually treat by inserting a foreign gene into patients—gene therapy—and probably initially would supplement an expensive and newly approved drug that appears to control this immune disorder.  The researchers—W. French Anderson, MD, of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and R. Michael Blaese, MD, of the National Cancer Institute—say animal
660 FACTORS PREDICTIVE FOR TUMOR CONTROL AMONG HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH SORAFENIB
Authors: R. Tortora, A. Galeota Lanza, F. Lampasi, M. De Luca, M.T. Tartaglione, R. Pacilio, G.G. Di Costanzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Heart Failure in the Physicians’ Health Study I
Authors: Luc Djoussé, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization among the elderly, and 1 in 5 adults aged 40 years will develop HF in their lifetime. Data on the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on the risk of HF have been sparse and inconsistent. This study sought to evaluate the association between moderate alcohol consumption and incident HF.A total of 21,601 participants of the Physicians' Health Study I who were free of HF and provided data on alcohol intake at baseline were prospectively followed up from 1982 to 2005. Incident HF cases were ascertained through annual follow-up questionnaires and validated with the use of Framingham criteria. During an average follow-up of 18.4 years, 904 incident cases of HF occurred. The crude incidence rates of HF were 25.0, 20.0, 24.3, and 20.6 cases per 10,000 person-years for alcohol categories of <1, 1 to 4, 5 to 7, and >7 drinks per week, respectively. Corresponding hazard ratios (95% CI) were 1.0 (reference), 0.90 (0.76 to 1.07), 0.84 (0.71 to 0.99), and 0.62 (0.41 to 0.96), respectively, with P for trend=0.012 adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, and history of valvular heart disease. There was no evidence for a strong association between moderate alcohol consumption and HF without antecedent coronary artery disease.Although heavy drinking should be discouraged, our data indicate that moderate drinking may lower the risk of HF. The lack of an association between moderate alcohol intake and HF without antecedent coronary artery disease suggests that possible benefits of moderate drinking on HF may be mediated through beneficial effects of alcohol on coronary artery disease.
Abstract 2847: Molecular determinants of sensitivity and resistance to tumor-directed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
Authors: Joseph C. Murray, Rochelle E. Nasto, Sandra A. Jablonski, Yong Tang, Louis M. Weiner
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) through immune effector cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells. Although clinical evidence suggests a role for ADCC in effective antibody therapy of cancer, molecular determinants of ADCC responsiveness—in oncogenic signaling networks, for example—have not been well characterized. Using an in vitro model system including an NK-like cell line (NK92-CD16V), cetuximab, and A431 cells, we screened 60 genes from an EGFR gene network by RNAi to assess for synthetic enhancement of ADCC. Primary and validation screens, and correlative characterization studies, identified four genes whose knockdown enhanced ADCC: GRB7, PRKCE, RET, and ABL1. Inhibition of Abl kinase activity enhanced ADCC, phenocopying the effects of ABL1 knockdown and providing pre-clinical evidence for combining Abl inhibitors and cetuximab. Next, we derived an ADCC-resistant cell population (A431/ADCC-R) by treating parental A431 cells with over 30 successive ADCC treatments. We describe the development, screening, and characterization of A431/ADCC-R. Our screening strategy has revealed molecular determinants of both tumor cell sensitivity and resistance to ADCC in vitro that may translate into increased monoclonal antibody efficacy in the clinic. Citation Format: Joseph C. Murray, Rochelle E. Nasto, Sandra A. Jablonski, Yong Tang, Louis M. Weiner. Molecular determinants of sensitivity and resistance to tumor-directed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2847. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2847
Effect of Infections on Hospital Care
Authors: RICHARD E. DIXON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

To determine research priorities in infectious diseases, the impact of infections on hospital care in the United States is estimated from the number of infectious diseases observed in hospitals that cooperate with the Center for Disease Control in surveillance of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. Each year, over 3 million community-acquired infections require persons to be hospitalized, and over 2 million nosocomial infections are acquired. Approximately 90% of the infections treated in hospitals are bacterial. These infections account for an estimated 29 million days of acute hospital care, which is approximately 10% of the patient days in United States acute-care hospitals. The direct hospitalization costs for treating infectious diseases are estimated to be over $4.8 billion. Treatment of infectious diseases accounts for a major portion of hospital care in the United States.
Multidrug-Resistant TB in the Philippines: Totem and Taboo
Authors: Jose Luis Portero, Maria Rubio
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Tupasi et al. [1] show the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in a resource-limited setting. These conclusions could lead to error since the tertiary hospital where the pilot project was carried out is not representative of the average health-care setting available for the Filipino tuberculosis patient.

Resch et al. [2] highlight that this analysis is not an independent evaluation and that the intervention was set in ideal conditions. In the field, this pilot project will find serious difficulties in implementation within the government-run Filipino National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), where the majority of tuberculosis patients are diagnosed and treated. Moreover, in recent years Filipino tuberculosis health policy has not supported the development of capacities for mycobacteria culture and susceptibility tests in the public regional laboratories, missing the opportunity to strengthen competence on tuberculosis resistance management in the whole country. Taking into account the geography (an archipelago) and the structure of the NTP, a community-based pilot project carried out by the governmental health centers closer to the patients would have been more appropriate to study the feasibility and the real cost-effectiveness in a resource-limited setting.

The selection of 118 patients out of 171 eligible may bias the final results increasing the cure rate, since the most difficult patients to treat, by any circumstance, are also more problematic to enroll. A long-term follow-up of the patients may modify the final cure rate. It would have been important to analyze if any failure patient developed further resistances during the treatment, and the related public health implications, as well as a more in-depth discussion of the resistance patterns and its relationship with the tailored treatment and the final outcome. Identification of independent variables linked with favorable outcome are needed to design future strategies. On the other hand, the absence of data about the HIV status of the patients is remarkable, considering the ideal conditions of the study and the increasing number of cases in the Philippines.

Cost-effectiveness analysis may be holistic and may contemplate the MDR-TB control program with the rest of the activities of the NTP in order to evaluate the convenience and priority of each intervention. Unfortunately, the study does not support comprehensible strategies to control MDR-TB in the community. Patients, families, social activists, and health personnel related to tuberculosis control can offer important points of view. A larger consensus may avoid the switch of MDR-TB control from taboo to totem.
The Use of Setons in the Treatment of Strumous Diseases
Authors: E. Crossman
Journal: BMJ (1871)

sult of such an injury in adult life, seldom happens at this period, on account oI the toughness of the osseous structure which also allows of its curving in.The immediate effects are usually overcome without operative measures, and the expectant method of treatment is therefore that generally adopted.*With respect to the second point-viz., the instruments we have for the treatment of cranial injuries, I may mention that Dr. W. Newman
Frequent loss of RAF kinase inhibitor protein expression in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: A Zebisch, A Wölfler, I Fried, O Wolf, K Lind, C Bodner, M Haller, A Drasche, D Pirkebner, D Matallanas, O Rath, K Blyth, R Delwel, E Taskesen, F Quehenberger, W Kolch, J Troppmair, H Sill
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
High positive end-expiratory pressure levels promote bacterial translocation in experimental pneumonia
Authors: Robert A. Lachmann, Anton H. van Kaam, Jack J. Haitsma, Burkhard Lachmann
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)

A previous study in piglets with experimental pneumonia showed that reducing atelectasis by means of open lung ventilation attenuated bacterial translocation compared to conventional ventilation settings. This study examined the effect of open lung ventilation with higher than necessary positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) on bacterial translocation. Prospective animal study in a university-affiliated research laboratory. Thirty piglets. Animals were surfactant-depleted by whole-lung lavage and infected with group B streptococci. Thereafter the animals were ventilated for 5 h according to either a conventional ventilation strategy, open lung strategy, or open lung/high-PEEP strategy. Blood samples for blood gas analysis and blood bacterial counts were taken every hour. After 5 h of ventilation surviving animals were killed, and lung colony forming units and lung mechanics parameters were determined. All animals in both open lung groups survived but only 30% of those in the conventional ventilation group. Open lung ventilation resulted in significantly less bacterial translocation than either conventional or high-PEEP ventilation. Lung function in the conventional ventilated group was significantly less than in the two open lung groups. The lowest level of bacterial translocation was observed during optimal ventilation (open lung) which was achieved by using individually tailored settings. Deviation to either side can be harmful, as shown by the increased bacterial translocation during conventional and high-PEEP ventilation.
Deaths associated with gold treatment: a reassessment.
Authors: J M Gumpel
Journal: BMJ (1978)

waves in the left temporal region; technecium brain scan, increased uptake in the left frontotemporal region at the site of the bone erosion (see figure ); and left carotid arteriogram normal.Skull biopsy (Professor Sissons, Institute of Orthopaedics): bony trabeculae showed intense focal osteoclastic resorp- tion together with an irregular pattern of cement lines; the spaces between the trabeculae were occupied by vascular fibrous tissue.The appearances suggested Paget's disease.The patient was treated with phenobarbitone, 60 mg daily, and has had no further attacks.Case 2-A West Indian of 38 was admitted to hospital in October 1976 having developed generalised involuntary convulsive movements with frothing at the mouth while sitting at home.He was confused and complained of headache on regaining consciousness five minutes later.A similar attack had occurred three years before, but there was no family history of epilepsy.Results of examination and investigations were as follows: no abnormal neurological signs; skull radiography, thickening of both vault tables with some invagination of the skull base at the foramen magnum; electroencephalography, a mild diffuse abnormality with left-sided emphasis but without paroxysmal changes; technecium brain scan, a large head with a broad band of activity around the periphery in all three views; cerebrospinal fluid normal; serum alkaline phosphatase 105 U/I (normal <90 U/l); urine hydroxyproline 0-72 mmol)24 h (94 6 mg!24 h) (normal 0-076-0 38 (10-50)); and serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations normal.The patient has had no further attacks since taking phenobarbitone 60 mg daily.
Glomerular actions of a free radical-generated novel prostaglandin, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha, in the rat. Evidence for interaction with thromboxane A2 receptors.
Authors: K Takahashi, T M Nammour, M Fukunaga, J Ebert, J D Morrow, L J Roberts, R L Hoover, K F Badr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epi-PGF2 alpha) and related compounds are novel prostanoid produced by a noncyclooxygenase mechanism involving lipid peroxidation. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury increased urinary excretion of these compounds by 300% over baseline level. Intrarenal arterial infusion at 0.5, 1, and 2 micrograms/kg per min induced dose-dependent reductions in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow, with renal function ceasing at the highest dose. Micropuncture measurements (0.5 microgram/kg per min) revealed a predominant increase in afferent resistance, resulting in a decrease in transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference, and leading to reductions in single nephron GFR and plasma flow. These changes were completely abolished or reversed by a TxA2 receptor antagonist, SQ 29,548. Competitive radioligand binding studies demonstrated that 8-epi-PGF2 alpha is a potent competitor for [3H]SQ 29,548 binding to rat renal arterial smooth muscle cells (RASM) in culture. Furthermore, addition of 8-epi-PGF2 alpha to RASM or isolated glomeruli was not associated with stimulation of arachidonate cyclooxygenase products. Therefore, 8-epi-PGF2 alpha is a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through TxA2 receptor activation. These findings may explain, in part, the beneficial effects of antioxidant therapy and TxA2 antagonism observed in numerous models of renal injury induced by lipid peroxidation.
Tobacco and Editorial Policy
Authors: Elizabeth M. Whelan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent COMMENTARY by Alan Blum, MD (243:739, 1980), "Medicine vs Madison Avenue," gave some enlightening perspective to the problem of the marketing of the number one preventable cause of human cancer. Because they are so dependent on the income from cigarette advertisements, many popular magazines downplay the impact tobacco has on health. Having reviewed a number of major women's magazines, I have not found one important story on tobacco and health. I have had a great deal of personal experience with the problem of editorial suppression of tobacco stories. For example, recently a widely read woman's beauty and fashion magazine asked me to write an article entitled "Protect Your Man From Cancer." I prepared it and by necessity emphasized the contribution of tobacco to cancer of the lung, prostate, oral cavity, and other sites. I was paid in full for the piece, but the editor frankly
Analysis of allergenic components of Bermuda grass pollen by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Z. N. Chang, L. C. Tsai, C. W. Chi, M. C. Wang, H. D. Shen, D. T. LEE, S. H. Han
Journal: Allergy (1991)

A panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against Bermuda grass ( Cynodon dactylon ) pollen (BGP) were generated for identification and purification of the major allergenic components of the eliciting antigen (Ag). Radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis revealed that there were at least eight antigenic components with molecular weights (MW) ranging from 12 kilodalton (12 kDa) to 200 kDa. Each of these components has distinct biochemical characteristics based on sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and isoelectric focusing(IEF). Among them, Cyn d Bd67K and Cyn d Bd58K were basic proteins, Cyn d Bd35K consisted of at least four isomeric components with isoelectric points ranging from 6.2 to 7.2. The other antigens Cyn d Bd68K , 48K, 38K, Cyn d Bd200K, Cyn d Bd46K, Cyn d Bd25K and Cyn d Bd12K) were all acidic proteins. The IgE binding capacity of all these antigens was determined with sera from 11 BGP‐allergics by using a modified radioallergosorbent test. All but one of the antigens ( Cyn d Bd200K) were found to react with human IgE from sera of BGP‐allergic patients. Among those human IgE‐binding molecules, Cyn d Bd35K. reacted with allergic sera most frequently (10 of 11), followed by Cyn d Bd58K (8 of 11) and Cyn d Bd46K (7 of 11) respectively. Our results suggest that Cyn d Bd35K, Cyn d Bd58K, and Cyn d Bd46K are major allergens of BGP, and the MoAbs we obtained should be valuable tools for further purificaiton of these allergens.
The Nation's Health
Authors: Roger Rosenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The cover of the latest edition of<i>The Nation's Health</i>confronts the reader with a majestic picture of the Capitol Building, a full moon floating above, and a somewhat abnormal ECG tracing tethered below. This proves to be an excellent visual metaphor for what lies between the covers. The collection of provocative essays ranges from lofty explorations of the basic determinants of health in society to sobering discussions of the effects that rising health care costs have on competing social programs. And always, the critical role of the national government—current and potential— stands at the center of the picture. Given the provenance of this volume, neither the cover nor its contents are accidental. The senior editor began this work while a professor of social medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, but by the time the book was published he had become the Assistant Secretary for Health, at the
Human herpesvirus 7 induces the functional up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) coupled to TRAIL-R1 down-modulation in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Paola Secchiero, Prisco Mirandola, Davide Zella, Claudio Celeghini, Arianna Gonelli, Marco Vitale, Silvano Capitani, Giorgio Zauli
Journal: Blood (2001)
Social Aspects of Medical Care for the Mentally Retarded
Authors: Margaret Adams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Effective clinical management of mental retardation requires an understanding of the varied and complex social issues associated with this disabling condition. Included in these are the family's sense of rejection, their potential social isolation and their actual anxiety about caring for the child's unusual health needs. Through his professional concern for the child, his relation with the family and his standing in the community, the physician can play a key part in ameliorating these stresses, particularly if he can work with the family as Cooperative equals and is familiar with supportive community resources. In this role he helps to maintain the mental, social and physical health of the entire family, which is atrisk when there is a retarded member in its midst. Since many of the issues discussed apply to other types of disability, mental retardation provides a model for chronic illness in general.
A POINT IN TREATMENT OF FRACTURED LOWER JAW.
Authors: JAMES L. TRACY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

A 6-year-old boy fractured the neck of the lower jaw on one side. To make a diagnosis it was necessary to give an anesthetic. The boy had just eaten his dinner, so the anesthesia was put off three hours. After the dressing was completed vomiting occurred, emptying the stomach of the boy's meal. The food had become liquefied, however, and no damage came to the boy, because he succeeded in stretching the dressings sufficiently to let the mouth open. The query is, what would have happened if the dressings had not stretched, and particularly if the anesthetic had been administered as soon as the accident occurred? It would seem that a child under those circumstances would surely suffocate.