tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Animals in Research
Authors: Elizabeth R. Hatcher
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Given the continued use of dogs in the teaching of some cardiac physiology classes in medical school, I have a difficult time convincing myself that animals are used in medical education—and, by extension, in biomedical research—only when truly necessary.<sup>1</sup> I was fortunate enough to attend a medical school that did not assign "dog labs." But my fellow interns from other schools describe with anger and disgust how they were compelled (under threat of a failing grade) to participate in laboratory exercises in which dogs were killed to demonstrate physiological principles already obvious to the students ("Insert your hand into the chest cavity and feel the heart beating"). Compared with that of my colleagues, my own understanding of cardiac physiology has not suffered for want of a dog lab. Expert teaching, well-designed aidiovisuals, computer software, and soon laser disk programs can certainly spare the lives of many
Monocular and binocular mechanisms in saccade generation
Authors: Wu Zhou, W. M. King
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The target article retains the traditional account of saccades as conjugate eye movements. However, recent single-unit recordings of premotor cells in the saccade pathway (excitatory burster neurons [EBNs]) found that they do not encode conjugate eye velocity, but rather, monocular eye velocity. These data argue against the traditional concept of saccades as inherently conjugate. Instead, they suggest a monocular mechanism in the sensorimotor transformation stage of saccade generation. This commentary will discuss the implications of these data for the saccade generation model proposed in Findlay &amp; Walker's target article.
GPs to get rises of 10-50% over three years
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Britain's GPs could be in line for a 50% pay hike if they accept a new contract hammered out between the BMA and the NHS Confederation last week.

The contract—the result of 16 months' wrangling that saw the Department of Health hand negotiations over to managers after the talks reached a stalemate—will see a 33% rise in investment in primary care over the next three years.

Under the contract, which applies throughout the United Kingdom, spending on general practice will rise from £6.1bn ($9.6bn; €9bn) a year to £8bn a year by April 2006.

Family doctors can go for one of three …
The Elderly and Poor in the Medical Outcomes Study
Authors: James R. Grana
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We are concerned with many methodological weaknesses in the study by Dr Ware and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>which cast grave doubts on the conclusions stated in the article, especially since the results run counter to most other published literature on this subject. The nonrandom sample analyzed in the study was derived based on high attrition rates, participation refusal, death, and self-selection and, in total, amounted to less than 30% of the intended sample. Looking at small subpopulations within this nonrepresentative sample does not improve external validity. Further, the complex sampling design was never accounted for in the calculation of standard errors used to determine statistical significance. We question the use of zero in measuring change in Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores for members who died during the course of the 4-year follow-up period for the linear comparisons. Based on this methodology, a self-reported change in health
Comparison of Cortical 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>Receptor Binding in Bulimia Nervosa Patients and Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Ingeborg Goethals, Myriam Vervaet, Kurt Audenaert, Christophe Van de Wiele, Hamphrey Ham, Marleen Vandecapelle, Guido Slegers, Rudi Dierckx, Cees van Heeringen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Bulimia nervosa has been associated with alterations in central serotonergic (5-HT) function. This study investigated iodine-labeled 4-amino-N-[1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy) propyl]-4-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-5-iodo-2-methoxybenzamide (123I-5-I-R91150) binding to the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain by using single photon emission computed tomography in acutely ill bulimia nervosa patients. METHOD: Cortical 123I-5-I-R91150 binding in 10 normal-weight patients with bulimia nervosa, purging type, was compared with that of 11 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The 5-HT2A binding index of the bulimia nervosa patients, with and without correction for age, was not significantly different from that of the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: As a group, acutely ill bulimia nervosa patients cannot be discriminated from healthy subjects on the basis of cortical 123I-5-I-R91150 binding to the 5-HT2A receptor.
Positional cloning of a novel potassium channel gene: KVLQT1 mutations cause cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Q. Wang, M.E. Curran, I. Splawski, T.C. Burn, J.M. Millholland, T.J. VanRaay, J. Shen, K.W. Timothy, G.M. Vincent, T. de Jager, P.J. Schwartz, J.A. Towbin, A.J. Moss, D.L. Atkinson, G.M. Landes, T.D. Connors, M.T. Keating
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Efficacy and safety of nebivolol in elderly heart failure patients with impaired renal function: insights from the SENIORS trial
Authors: Alain Cohen‐Solal, Dipak Kotecha, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Daphne Babalis, Michael Böhm, Andrew J. Coats, Michael Roughton, Philip Poole‐Wilson, Luigi Tavazzi, Marcus Flather
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)

To determine the safety and efficacy of nebivolol in elderly heart failure (HF) patients with renal dysfunction.SENIORS recruited patients aged 70 years or older with symptomatic HF, irrespective of ejection fraction, and randomized them to nebivolol or placebo. Patients (n = 2112) were divided by tertile of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Mean age of patients was 76.1 years, 35% of patients had an ejection fraction of >35%, and 37% were women resulting in a unique cohort, far more representative of clinical practice than previous trials. eGFR was strongly associated with outcomes and nebivolol was similarly efficacious across eGFR tertiles. The primary outcome rate (all-cause mortality or cardiovascular hospital admission) and adjusted hazard ratio for nebivolol use in those with low eGFR was 40% and 0.84 (95% CI 0.67-1.07), 31% and 0.79 (0.60-1.04) in the middle tertile, and 29% and 0.86 (0.65-1.14) in the highest eGFR tertile. There was no interaction noted between renal function and the treatment effect (P = 0.442). Nebivolol use in patients with moderate renal impairment (eGFR <60) was not associated with major safety concerns, apart from higher rates of drug-discontinuation due to bradycardia.Nebivolol is safe and has a similar effect in elderly HF patients with mild or moderate renal impairment.
IN VIVO LIPID CORE PLAQUE BURDEN AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN PATIENTS WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA AND NQMI: A NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY STUDY
Authors: Brijeshwar Singh Maini, Annapoorna Kini, Renu Virmani, Samin Sharma, Jagat Narula
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Two Fatal Cases of an Unusual form of Nerve Disturbance, Associated with Dark-Red Urine, Probably Due to Defective Tissue Oxidation
Authors: V. Harley
Journal: BMJ (1890)

By bringing the following cases before the profession, I desire to drawattention to a certain morbidnerve conditionwhicb, frombeing somewhat rare, has up to the present time been very imperfectly studied, and in consequence its nature is still obscure.And I do so all the more readily seeing that every item, however small, is of value in helping to unravel the mystery of a disease which, from not presenting any definite physical signs, might by some be called a mere functional derangement, notwithstanding its leading to a rapidly fatal result.The abnormal condition about to be illustrated by the narration of two cases is characterised by grave nervous symptoms-in- somnia (total or partial), diminution of the reflexes, with marked muscular prostration, followed by coma, rapidly ending in death; these symptoms being associated with iechuria, and the urine containing abnormal colouring substances related to the chromogen group.The first case is one I had the opportunity of seeing while in Edinburgh, and for its history I am indebted to the kindness of
Incidental PET/CT Detection of Thyroid and Breast Cancer During Recurrence of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

F-18 FDG PET/CT provides an accurate staging and posttherapeutic surveillance of cancer. In the process of detecting high metabolic malignancy, this combined functional and anatomic imaging modality may demonstrate unexpected remote metastases or incidental additional primary cancers. The author presents a rare instance of concomitant thyroid papillary cancer and breast ductal carcinoma diagnosed during PET/CT evaluation of colorectal carcinoma recurrence.
Transparent hood attached to a gastroscope: a simple rescue technique for patients with difficult or incomplete colonoscopy
Authors: T. Shida, S. Takano, M. Kaiho, M. Miyazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

The use of a transparent hood has recently been reported to be useful in both improving total colonoscopy rates and shortening the cecal intubation time [1] [2]. We performed a prospective study (From April 2005 to December 2007) to investigate whether a transparent hood attached to a gastroscope improves the cecal intubation rate in difficult colonoscopy cases.
Sickle cell disease increases high mobility group box 1: a novel mechanism of inflammation
Authors: Hao Xu, Nancy J. Wandersee, YiHe Guo, Deron W. Jones, Sandra L. Holzhauer, Madelyn S. Hanson, Evans Machogu, David C. Brousseau, Neil Hogg, John C. Densmore, Sushma Kaul, Cheryl A. Hillery, Kirkwood A. Pritchard
Journal: Blood (2014)
Atrial emptying with orthotopic heart transplantation using bicaval and pulmonary venous anastomoses: A magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Dov Freimark, Jeffrey M. Silverman, Ivan Aleksic, John V. Crues, Carlos Blanche, Alfredo Trento, Dan Admon, Carmen A. Queral, Deborah A. Harasty, Lawrence S.C. Czer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
THE ETIOLOGY OF INFANTILE SPASMOPHILIA
Authors: H. J. GERSTENBERGER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

It is essential to keep in mind that this discussion will concern itself not with spasmophilia in general but solely with infantile spasmophilia; in other words, with the spasmophilia as it is encountered in infants usually from 6 to 18 months of age.  GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPASMOPHILIA  Infantile spasmophilia is a symptom complex occurring principally in spring and fall peaks and characterized by a hyperexcitability of the nervous system. It appears either in a latent form, whose principal signs are the Erb and the Chvostek phenomena, or in an active form in which general or local clonic or tonic spasms develop, added to one or both of the latent symptoms mentioned. The Trousseau phenomenon, while sometimes demonstrable during the latent period of spasmophilia, usually is found in infants presenting symptoms of the active stage as well. The active stage frequently is ushered in by other factors than those responsible for
A new approach to authorship: Institutions must decide
Authors: David Goldsmith
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

Well done for being brave enough to challenge the status quo and taking on powerful vested interests.1 Don Quixote or The Terminator? Time will tell.

Embroiled recently in my first authorial dispute (and I truly hope the very last) I now see how difficult all of this can be. But it absolutely does not have to be that way. In order to improve the current system, we will all (contributors, authors, editors) need to work together in an open and transparent way.


Here are my suggestions: 


A ‘guarantor’ author is appointed to adjudge and arbitrate over submitted material and authorships, so assuming all of the responsibility to ensure the correctness and probity of the data/results/presentation, including the presence and positioning of all authors involved.


Journals must insist on a contributions/attributions audit being submitted with the first draft of every article. Each author on the manuscript will have had to have indicated their particular contributions, and these statements will need to be explicitly verified by the guarantor author on manuscript submission.



Disputes about authorship and positioning would therefore arise and have to be solved within the institution submitting the work, not at the journals the work is submitted to. This is fundamental as journals cannot properly ascertain the facts after the event.


The minimum possible standard for authorial inclusion would be both (1) a material contribution to the collection, analysis and presentation of the manuscript material and (2) reading, critiquing and explicitly approving the manuscript for submission to the journal.

What I am proposing is not revolution, merely evolution – and something fairly easily accommodated into current practice.

I agree with you, Dr Abbasi. This area urgently needs attention and revision.
Veterinary surgeons as vectors of Salmonella dublin.
Authors: E Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Salmonella dublin is an important bovine pathogen, causing dysentery, abortion, and death from septicaemia. S dublin dermatitis, a little-recognised occupational hazard for veterinary surgeons, does not cause serious disability or inconvenience. During a survey of brucellosis in south-west Wales four cases of S dublin dermatitis were seen in veterinary surgeons. One surgeon was reinfected three years later. On all five occasions the veterinary surgeons had not worn or had discarded polyethylene gloves. An apparently healthy cow may serve as a latent carrier of S dublin. Thus when disease starts in a closed, protected herd reactivation of infection within the herd is usually blamed and its introduction by extraneous agents considered to be unlikely. Veterinary surgeons should be regarded as potential vectors of S dublin.
Sucrose induces fatty liver and pancreatic inflammation in male breeder rats independent of excess energy intake
Authors: Carlos A. Roncal-Jimenez, Miguel A. Lanaspa, Christopher J. Rivard, Takahiko Nakagawa, L Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada, Diana Jalal, Ana Andres-Hernando, Katsuyuki Tanabe, Magdalena Madero, Nanxing Li, Christina Cicerchi, Kim Mc Fann, Yuri Y. Sautin, Richard J. Johnson
Journal: Metabolism (2011)
Proceedings: Circulating complexes and disease activity in SLE.
Authors: C Bruneau, J P Edmonds, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Serum from 88 patients thought likely to have circulating soluble complexes were examined.The underlying clinical disorders varied from established SLE through probable SLE, rheumatoid arthritis with complications (particularly cutaneous vasculitis) to seronegative arthritides and mis- cellaneous medical conditions.This paper reports only the serological correlations.The presence of antinuclear antibodies detectable by immunofluorescence, ANA (Holborow and Johnson, 1969), was associated with electroprecipitating antibody to DNA (Johnson, Edmonds, and Holborow, 1973) and high levels of soluble complexes (Onyewotu, Holborow, and Johnson, 1974), but not with increased DNA-binding capacity and reduced C3 levels.This suggests that antibody avidity may have an important role in the procedures employed.Results of the soluble complex tests, however, were correlated with all the other serological findings except in SLE in which condition ANA positivity was independent of the level of complexes.It is therefore apparent that the ANA test alone does not provide an adequate screen for other serological abnormalities in the group of diseases studied.All possible combinations of results of the tests for DNA-binding capacity and electro- precipitating activity were obtained with serum from patients with SLE and complicated RA who had positive ANA tests and significant levels of circulating complexes.This finding accorded with the clinical overlap seen in the cases selected for study.A better understanding of the contribution of immune complexes to connective tissue disease may be achieved by the use of the five tests reported here.
A controlled study of eight months of physical training and reduction of blood pressure in children: the Odense schoolchild study.
Authors: H S Hansen, K Froberg, N Hyldebrandt, J R Nielsen
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the effect of physical training on physical fitness and blood pressure in children aged 9-11 years. DESIGN--Prospective randomised controlled intervention study of a sample of children drawn from a population survey of coronary risk factors in children. SETTING--Odense, Denmark. SUBJECTS--69 children with mean blood pressure greater than or equal to 95th centile (hypertensive group) and 68 with mean blood pressure less than 95th centile (normotensive group), randomly selected from a population of 1369 children. INTERVENTION--67 children were randomised to receive three extra lessons a week of an ordinary school physical education programme for eight months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Physical fitness assessed by calculation of maximum oxygen uptake and blood pressure recorded by one unblinded observer. RESULTS--After three months neither blood pressure nor physical fitness had changed significantly. After adjustment for values in weight, height, heart rate, and the variable in question before training physical fitness rose significantly at the end of eight months9 training, by 3.7 mlO2/kg/min (95% confidence interval 2.2 to 5.3) in the normotensive training subgroup and by 2.1 mlO2/kg/min (0.1 to 4.2) in the hypertensive training subgroup compared with that in the controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the training subgroups fell significantly by 6.5 mm Hg (3.2 to 9.9) and 4.1 mm Hg (1.7 to 6.6) respectively in the normotensive group and by 4.9 mm Hg (0.7 to 9.2) and 3.8 mm Hg (0.9 to 6.6) respectively in the hypertensive group. CONCLUSIONS--Physical training lowers blood pressure and improves physical fitness in children and might have implications for an important non-pharmacological approach to primary prevention of essential hypertension.
General practitioners' management of acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest: relevance to thrombolytic treatment.
Authors: J M Rawles
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A questionnaire was sent to 61 general practitioners who had participated 18 months previously in a study of their experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. Fifty (82%) replies were received. Only 16 of the 50 respondents thought that every general practitioner should have a defibrillator, but 46 thought that every group practice should have one. Most practitioners felt the need for more tuition and practice in advanced life support, but 15 did not have the practice defibrillator with them when on call. Only nine doctors normally had an electrocardiograph with them when on call, most relying on clinical acumen to make an operational diagnosis; there appeared to be reluctance to use any drugs other than opiates and atropine in the management of acute myocardial infarction. This study highlights the difficulty of maintaining readiness to deal effectively with myocardial infarction in the community and the problems of relying on the electrocardiogram in deciding who should be given thrombolytic treatment.
Infant death and consanguineous marriage
Authors: K H Orstavik, R Lindemann, J Steen
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Perinatal mortality and infant mortality are important indicators of community health Consanguineous marriage increases the risk of having children with autosomal recessive disorders and may be a cause of perinatal and infant death that cannot be prevented.1,2 We recently compared perinatal and infant mortality in children with a Norwegian background and …
Liver damage and protective effect of high density lipoprotein cholesterol
Authors: J. T Salonen
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Prospective population studies have shown that a raised concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is associated with a reduced incidence of coronary events and atherosclerotic progression. 1 2 According to one paradigm any raised concentration of HDL cholesterol is beneficial to health. 1 This is, however, challenged by two unexplained observations.Firstly, in populations with heavy alcohol intake a high concentration of HDL cholesterol is not associated with reduced coronary and total mortality. 3 Secondly, in such populations a high concentration of HDL cholesterol is not associated with effective reverse cholesterol transport. 4 Alcohol raises concentrations of both HDL cholesterol and liver transaminase.
Circulating adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations during exercise in patients with exercise induced asthma and normal subjects.
Authors: K E Berkin, G Walker, G C Inglis, S G Ball, N C Thomson
Journal: Thorax (1988)

A failure of the usual increase in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations during submaximal exercise has been suggested as a contributory cause of exercise induced asthma. Six normal subjects and six asthmatic patients underwent a standard graded maximal exercise test. Measurements of oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, exercise time, blood lactate concentration, and heart rate indicated that the two groups achieved similarly high work loads during exercise. Mean FEV1 fell by 20% in asthmatic patients after exercise. Basal plasma adrenaline concentrations (nmol/l) increased in normal subjects from 0.05 to 2.7 and in asthmatic patients from 0.12 to 1.6 at peak exercise. Noradrenaline concentrations (nmol/l) increased in normal subjects from 2.0 to 14.3 and in asthmatic patients from 1.9 to 13.7 at peak exercise. The increases in adrenaline and noradrenaline in the asthmatic patients did not differ significantly from the increases in normal subjects. Thus a reduced sympathoadrenal response to exercise seems unlikely to be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of exercise induced asthma.
<i>TGFBR1</i> Haplotypes and Risk of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhe Lei, Reng-Yun Liu, Jun Zhao, Zeyi Liu, Xiefang Jiang, Weiming You, Xiao-Feng Chen, Xia Liu, Kui Zhang, Boris Pasche, Hong-Tao Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptors are centrally involved in TGF-beta-mediated cell growth and differentiation and are frequently inactivated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Constitutively decreased type I TGF-beta receptor (TGFBR1) expression is emerging as a novel tumor-predisposing phenotype. The association of TGFBR1 haplotypes with risk for NSCLC has not yet been studied. We tested the hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and/or TGFBR1 haplotypes are associated with risk of NSCLC. We genotyped six TGFBR1 haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNP) by PCR-RFLP assays and one htSNP by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism assay in two case-control studies. Case-control study 1 included 102 NSCLC patients and 104 healthy controls from Suzhou. Case-control study 2 included 131 patients with NSCLC and 133 healthy controls from Wuxi. Individuals included in both case-control studies were Han Chinese. Haplotypes were reconstructed according to the genotyping data and linkage disequilibrium status of these seven htSNPs. None of the htSNP was associated with NSCLC risk in either study. However, a four-marker CTGC haplotype was significantly more common among controls than among cases in both studies (P = 0.014 and P = 0.010, respectively), indicating that this haplotype is associated with decreased NSCLC risk {adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.09 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.01-0.61] and 0.11 [95% CI, 0.02-0.59], respectively}. Combined analysis of both studies shows a strong association of this four-marker haplotype with decreased NSCLC risk (adjusted OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03-0.39). This is the first evidence of an association between a TGFBR1 haplotype and risk for NSCLC.