tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-control: Acts of free will
Authors: James A. Schirillo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Rachlin overlooks that free will determines when and in what direction acts that appear impulsive will occur. Because behavioral patterns continuously evolve, animals are not guaranteed when they will, or how to, maximize larger-later reinforcements. An animal therefore uses self-control to emit free acts to vary behavioral patterns to optimize larger-later rewards.
Treating Chronic Knee Pain With Acupuncture—Reply
Authors: Rana S. Hinman, Marie Pirotta, Kim L. Bennell
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Birthweight and the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Women
Authors: Janet W. Rich-Edwards
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Previous reports have suggested an association between birthweight and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To investigate the association between birthweight and type 2 diabetes in a large cohort of adult women, taking into account potential explanatory factors in childhood and adult life. Design: Cohort study. Birthweight was ascertained at the end of follow-up. Setting: The Nurses' Health Study, a cohort of 121 701 U.S. women born from 1921 to 1946 who have been followed since 1976. Participants: 69 526 women in the Nurses' Health Study who were free of diabetes at baseline and reported their own birthweight on the 1992 questionnaire. Measurement: 2123 cases of confirmed type 2 diabetes diagnosed from 1976 to 1992. Results: Low birthweight was associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Age-adjusted relative risks suggested a reverse J-shape association between birthweight and risk for type 2 diabetes. However, after adjustment for adult body mass index and maternal history of diabetes, an inverse association across the entire range of birthweight became apparent; compared with the reference group, relative risks by ascending birthweight category were 1.83 (95% CI, 1.55 to 2.16) for birthweight less than 5.0 lb, 1.76 (CI, 1.49 to 2.07) for birthweight 5.0 to 5.5 lb, 1.23 (CI, 1.11 to 1.37) for birthweight 5.6 to 7.0 lb, 0.95 (CI, 0.82 to 1.10) for birthweight 8.6 to 10.0 lb, and 0.83 (CI, 0.63 to 1.07) for birthweight of more than 10 lb (P for trend < 0.001). Adjustment for ethnicity, childhood socioeconomic status, and adult lifestyle factors did not substantially alter this association. The association between birthweight and risk for type 2 diabetes was strongest among women whose mothers had no history of diabetes. Conclusions: Birthweight is inversely associated with risk for type 2 diabetes during adulthood. Examination of prenatal nutrition and other potential in utero determinants of both birthweight and risk for type 2 diabetes may yield new means to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Who are the sane?
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Doctors are said to make very bad patients. Two stories are known to me in which psychiatrists become inmates of their own asylum. The first, Ward 6 , by Chekhov, is very well known. The second, by the greatest Brazilian writer, Machado de Assis (1839-1908), was written a few years before Ward 6 and is less well known in the English speaking world. It is the novella O Alienista , The Alienist or (as it is usually translated) The Psychiatrist .

A doctor, Simon Bacamarte, returns to Brazil after his studies in Coimbra and Padua and settles in the small town of Itaguai. With a deep passion for …
DO AMERICAN INDIANS HAVE CANCER?
Authors: C. G. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1922)

To the Editor:  —InThe Journal, July 8, Dr. Joseph Rilus Eastman discusses interestingly the subject of malignant growths. I wish, however, to comment on his statement that our American Indians do not have cancer. Here in the Southwest I have known fairly well one tribe of Indians. They number about 500. During my residence of three years among them, three full-blood Indian men died of cancer, respectively, of the lips and mouth, of the throat and of the penis. For the last eighteen months at Tucson I have had charge of another group of about 500 Indians. During this time one of them, a woman of pure Indian extraction, died of cancer which destroyed the right orbit and adjacent tissues. It seems to be the custom not to perform necropsies on Indians, and I believe that few, if any, have been performed. If any considerable number of necropsies were
THE INFLUENCE OF THE "DIAPLYTE" ANTIGEN OF DREYER ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Jacques J. Bronfenbrenner, Elmer L. Straub
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

We have prepared "diaplyte" antigen according to Dreyer's procedure and have studied its therapeutic and prophylactic value in experimental tuberculosis of guinea pigs. In our hands it has failed to yield beneficial effects. The animals treated with the antigen tended in general to develop lesions more quickly and to die earlier than the controls.
A COPD disease management program reduced a composite of hospitalizations or emergency department visits
Authors: Kevin Park, Richard A. Robbins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Rice KL, Dewan N, Bloomfield HE, et al. Disease management program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182:890-6. 20075385
Abstract LB-278: BRMS1 promoter methylation correlates with decreased expression of BRMS1 in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Alykhan S. Nagji, Yuan Liu, Edward B. Stelow, George J. Stukenborg, David R. Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer metastasis suppressor gene-1 (BRMS1) mRNA and protein expression are significantly decreased in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and human NSCLC when compared to normal bronchial epithelial cells and adjacent noncancerous tumor tissue, respectively. We hypothesized that one mechanism through which BRMS1 expression was decreased in NSCLC was through BRMS1 promoter methylation. Materials and Methods: Human NSCLC BRMS1 promoter methylation was evaluated using methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. The effect of methylation on BRMS1 mRNA and protein expression was assessed following treatment with 5-azacitidine, a demethylating agent in NSCLC cell lines. BRMS1 transcriptional activity was assessed using a human BRMS1-luc reporter gene construct cloned by our group. Student's T-Test and Chi-square tests were used to determine significance between variables of two patient populations separated based on tumor histology (squamous cell or adenocarcinoma) and to evaluate the methylation profile between the two tumor histologies. Immunohistochemical analysis for BRMS1 protein was performed on both tumor and adjacent noncancerous bronchial epithelium. A general linear model tested the association between BRMS1 promoter methylation in human NSCLC and specific clinical and histopathologic variables. Results: The BRMS1 promoter region contains a CpG island that was hypermethylated in all NSCLC cell lines and human tumors. This strongly correlated with reduced BRMS1 promoter activity. NSCLC cell lines treated with 5-azacitidine showed a robust recovery of BRMS1 mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that promoter methylation is involved in BRMS1 transcriptional regulation. Analysis of 40 patient NSCLC samples (20 adenocarcinoma and 20 squamous cell) identified a significant increase in the amount of BRMS1 promoter methylation when comparing tumor specimen to adjacent noncancerous tissue for both tumor histologies (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Additionally, the BRMS1 promoter region was significantly more methylated in squamous cell compared to adenocarcinoma histology (p=0.01). Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a correlation between BRMS1 promoter methylation and decreased bronchial epithelium BRMS1 protein expression (p=0.06). Moreover, in the squamous cell histology, pathologic tumor stage was associated with elevated BRMS1 methylation (p=0.04). Conclusions: These studies identify BRMS1 promoter methylation as an important mechanism for silencing BRMS1 expression in NSCLC and highlight the potential clinical relevance of this epigenetic signature with respect to tumor histology and stage. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-278.
SUPPLIES FOR LEPER STATIONS
Authors: R. M. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —I have been impressed with the very encouraging work for the cure of leprosy which is being done in the two leper stations under my care—Kwangju and Fusan, Korea. I am in the United States this year for my regular year of absence. While in this country I am anxious to extend to as many people as possible an opportunity to help in this splendid service for humanity.  Naturally, my mind goes out to my colleagues in the medical profession as the ones who will best understand the scope and importance of the work from a physical standpoint, and I feel that if they knew of some of our pressing needs, many of them would be glad to cooperate in supplying these.  I have made a list of some of the apparatus and supplies of which we stand in need: two microscopes; surgical instruments of all kinds;
Tolerance induced by physiological levels of secreted proteins in transgenic mice expressing human insulin.
Authors: P J Whiteley, J P Lake, R F Selden, J A Kapp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We have used transgenic mice to study immune tolerance to autologous, non-MHC encoded proteins that are expressed at physiological levels in the circulation. The transgenic mice used in these studies express the human preproinsulin gene and synthesize human proinsulin. Human and mouse insulin are secreted from the pancreatic islets of transgenic mice in response to normal physiological stimuli, such as glucose. Our data demonstrate that the transgenic mice have acquired tolerance to human insulin. The repertoire of T cells specific for exogenous antigens is shaped by the acquired tolerance to autologous proteins since pork but not beef or sheep insulin is also nonimmunogenic in the transgenic mice. We also found that the transgenic mice were tolerant to human proinsulin, the intracellular precursor of insulin. Unresponsiveness to human proinsulin most likely results from tolerance of insulin-specific and proinsulin-specific T cells that recognize the secreted enzymatic cleavage products of proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide.
Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to aggregating platelets in porcine femoral veins and its modulation by diet.
Authors: K Komori, H Shimokawa, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The present study examined the protective role of the venous endothelium against aggregating platelets and its modulation by diet. Yorkshire pigs were fed a regular chow (control pigs), 2% high-cholesterol diet (for 10 weeks, cholesterol-fed pigs), and regular chow plus cod-liver oil (30 ml/day for 4 weeks, oil-fed pigs). Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro in rings of femoral veins in the presence of the inhibitor of cyclooxygenase indomethacin. In control pigs, aggregating platelets, serotonin, and ADP caused endothelium-dependent relaxations. The platelet-induced relaxations were attenuated by methiothepin (a combined 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 serotonergic blocker) or apyrase (an ADPase and ATPase) and were abolished by the combination of the two agents. In quiescent rings, platelets caused contractions, which were reduced in the presence of endothelium; the contractions were prevented by ketanserin (a 5-HT2 serotonergic blocker) or methiothepin but not by R 68 070 (a thromboxane A2 receptor blocker) or dazoxiben (a thromboxane-synthetase blocker). In cholesterol-fed pigs, the platelet-induced relaxations were not altered, whereas in oil-fed pigs, the endothelium-dependent relaxations to platelets, serotonin, and ADP were augmented. Platelet-induced contractions were significantly reduced in rings with endothelium from oil-fed pigs, whereas the contractions were comparable in rings without endothelium among the three groups. Endothelium-dependent relaxations in response to the calcium ionophore A23187, direct relaxations in response to sodium nitroprusside, and direct contractions in response to potassium chloride were comparable among the three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical Penetrance of Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Authors: Bruce R. Bacon, Robert S. Britton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In 1996, Feder and colleagues1 showed that homozygosity for a mutation (C282Y) in the HFE gene is responsible for the majority of cases of typical phenotypic hereditary hemochromatosis. At that time, it was commonly believed that most C282Y homozygotes would have progressive iron loading and disease manifestations resulting from iron overload. This assumption of high clinical penetrance was based on numerous studies of patients with symptomatic hereditary hemochromatosis, who had a high incidence of disease characteristics, including liver disease (fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer), characteristic arthropathy involving the second and third metacarpophalangeal joints, diabetes, and other endocrine manifestations.2 To determine . . .
Regional Disparities in the Incidence of Elevated Blood Pressure Among Young Adults
Authors: Catarina I. Kiefe, O. Dale Williams, Diane E. Bild, Cora E. Lewis, Joan E. Hilner, Albert Oberman
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Within the United States, little is known about regional disparities in blood pressure (BP), their changes over time, or explanations for their existence.
The Birthplace of Robert Willan.
Authors: G. A. Grant Peterkin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article The Birthplace of Robert Willan. Get access G. A. Grant Peterkin G. A. Grant Peterkin Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 11, 1 November 1962, Pages 423–424, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13438.x Published: 01 November 1962
Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase in Clara cell-ablated mice inhaling crystalline silica.
Authors: K Yatera, Y Morimoto, H N Kim, H Yamato, I Tanaka, M Kido
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We investigated the function of Clara cells in vivo during exposure to inhaled crystalline silica by examining pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 mRNA levels in mice. The Clara cells of male FVB/n mice (8-12 weeks old) were ablated by intraperitoneal administration of naphthalene (300 mg/kg) in a corn oil vehicle. The mice were then exposed to crystalline silica (Min-U-Sil-5 silica, 97.1 +/- 9.5 mg/m(2), 6 hr/day, 5 days/week) for up to 2 weeks. Transcriptional levels of mRNA extracted from the lungs were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 was significantly more marked in the Clara cell-ablated group than in the group with Clara cells, indicating that Clara cells inhibit MMP expression. Our findings suggest that Clara cells inhibit pulmonary inflammation induced by crystalline silica via MMPs in vivo.
A Psychiatric Study of Six Cases of Infantile Acrodynia
Authors: D. Leys, K. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1952)

in a review of infantile acrodynia, one of us (Leys, 1950) commented on the similarity between acrodynia and the clinical picture described by Spitz and Wolf (1946) in children deprived of their mothers.Without insisting on an absolute parallel, he suggested that there were grounds for investigating the emotional state of cases suffering from acrodynia.While to the perceptive and experienced eye the clinical picture presented by emotionally disturbed infants shows many variations, these must be subjectively interpreted and' are open to dispute.It is a truism of paediatric or child psychiatric practice, however, that the emotional state of the mother profoundly influences the emotional state of the child.This was described thirty years ago by Hector Cameron (1919) and has been the subject of many studies and observations.Thus Levy (1943) states: " It
Abstract 1679: Increased expression of hCAS/CSE1L in colorectal cancer: Correlation with tumor progression
Authors: Evita Henderson-Jackson, Steven A. Eschrich, Dung-Tsa Chen, Timothy J. Yeatman, Domenico Coppola, Mokenge P. Malafa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction. The human cellular apoptosis susceptibility (hCAS) gene product has been shown to be involved in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. CSE1 is a yeast gene with high homology to hCAS (CSE1-like or CSE1L) which has been shown to be involved in chromosome segregation during mitosis. hCAS has also been shown to be a key player in cytoplasm-to-nuclear transport by shuttling importin-alpha from the nucleus back out into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that the expression of hCAS may be altered during the progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods. In order to examine hCAS at the gene expression level, we surveyed three different datasets from studies in which Affymetrix U133+gene chips had been performed on patients with CRC, as well as patients with adenomas and normal individuals. We examined relative gene expression levels for 3 probe sets on the U133+ gene chip that closely align to the refseq for the hCAS gene. hCAS protein expression level was semiquantitatively measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the tissue microarray (TMA) technique. A CRC TMA had been previously created at the Moffitt Cancer Center using resection specimens of primary CRC of different stages, and inclusive of adenomas and normal tissues samples from the same patients. Results. hCAS gene expression was increased in all adenoma and CRC samples tested by microarray, compared to histologically normal colonic mucosa. However, the difference in hCAS mRNA levels between adenoma and CRC samples was not statistically different. No correlation was found between hCAS and cancer stage, grade, vascular invasion, sex and/or age. Interestingly, in the invasive CRCs, intense hCAS proteins expression was localized to both nucleus and cytoplasm. Conversely, early stage lesions showed predominantly cytoplasmic hCAS staining. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that hCAS protein is expressed early and across all stages of CRC development. Because of its early expression hCAS may represent a marker for early detection of CRC. In addition, because of its involvement in a variety of important cellular processes, this gene product might represent a new potential target for prevention and treatment of CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1679. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1679
Calcium Metabolism in Hypertension and Allied Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Lawrence M Resnick
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Data suggest a critical role for Ca metabolism in the pathophysiology of hypertensive disease. Intracellularly, all hypertension displays elevated cytosolic free-Ca2+ and suppressed free-Mg2+ levels. Extracellularly, however, heterogeneous defects in Ca and Mg metabolism are observed. This apparent divergence may be explained by considering all hypertension as the expression, in varying degrees, of two underlying Ca-related mechanisms: one (salt sensitive, low renin, Ca2+-antagonist sensitive) dependent on inappropriate cellular Ca2+ uptake from the extracellular space and the other (salt insensitive, renin dependent, Ca2+-antagonist insensitive) dependent on increased cellular Ca2+ release from intracellular sites. Recent work highlights the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the newly described parathyroid hypertensive factor in volume-dependent low-renin forms of hypertension. Altered cellular ion handling may also explain metabolic and clinical correlates of hypertension, e.g., peripheral insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Thus, all subjects with NIDDM, whether hypertensive or not, display the same elevated cytosolic free-Ca2+ and suppressed free-Mg2+ levels observed in hypertension. Furthermore, adiposity, the level of blood pressure, and fasting and postglucose hyperinsulinemia are all closely and quantitatively related to intracellular free-Ca2+, free-Mg2+, and pH levels. This suggests a broader hypothesis, in which hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and NIDDM, each usually considered a distinct clinical entity, represent different clinical expressions of a common defect in cellular ion handling, hence explaining their frequent clinical coexistence in the general population.
Abstract P4-10-04: Rates of Second Malignancies after Definitive Local Treatment for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast
Authors: SF Shaitelman, IS Grills, LL Kestin, H Ye, S Nandalur, J Huang, FA. Vicini
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: We analyzed the risk of developing second malignancies in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergoing surgery and radiotherapy (S+RT) versus surgery alone (S). Material and Methods: The S+RT cohort consisted of 256 women treated with breast conserving therapy at William Beaumont Hospital. The S cohort consisted of 2,788 women with DCIS in the regional SEER database treated during the same time period. A matched-pair analysis was performed in which each S+RT patient was randomly matched with 8 S patients (total of 2048 patients). Matching criteria included age +/− 2 years. The rates of second malignancies were analyzed overall and as contralateral breast versus non-breast cancers and by organ system. Results: Median follow-up was 13.7 years for the S+RT cohort and 13.3 years for the S cohort. The overall 10-/15-year rate of second malignancies among the S+RT and S cohorts were 14.2%/24.2% and 16.4%/22.6%, respectively (p=0.668). The 15-year second contralateral breast cancer rate was 14.2% in the S+RT cohort and 10.3% in the S cohort (p=0.439). The 15- year risk of a second non-breast malignancy was 14.2% for the S+RT cohort and 13.4% for the S alone cohort (p=0.660). When analyzed by organ system, the 10- and 15-year rates of second malignancies did not differ between the S+RT and the S cohorts for pulmonary, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, gynecological, genitourinary, lymphoid, sarcomatoid, head and neck, or unknown primary tumors. Discussion: Compared with S alone, S +RT was not associated with an overall increased risk of second malignancies in women with DCIS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-04.