tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mammographic Screening for Women Aged 40 to 49 Years: The Primary Care Practitioner's Dilemma
Authors: Edward A. Sickles
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

The data from population-based, randomized trials of the mammographic screening of women aged 40 to 49 years are limited by retrospective subgroup analysis, low statistical power, and the use of older mammographic techniques. Nonetheless, meta-analysis involving the most recently reported data from all similarly designed trials shows a 21% mortality reduction in women who have had mammographic screening compared with those in control groups, a statistically significant difference (upper bound of 95% CI, 0.98). Evidence from modern mammography demonstration projects (which are limited by a lack of control groups and the unavailability of mortality results) also shows that the tumor size, axillary lymph node status, and stage of screening-detected breast cancers in women aged 40 to 49 years indicate that screening is at least as beneficial for these women as it is for those aged 50 to 64 years, for whom mammographic screening is widely accepted. Overall, the evidence suggests that screening will benefit women aged 40 to 49 years, but some argue that the level of proof provided is not rigorous enough to establish the efficacy of screening. In the United States, more than 10 000 deaths per year occur among women who develop breast cancer between the ages of 40 and 49. Thousands of lives are probably lost each year because women are not being screened. We believe that it is much more prudent to endorse mammographic screening now, risking the unlikely subsequent determination that the effort was ineffective, than to withhold screening until it is determined whether "proof" of efficacy will be obtained, risking the loss of so many lives. We urge primary care practitioners to recommend routine mammography for women aged 40 to 49 years.
CCR5 Genotype and the Clinical Course of HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Curtis L. Scribner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 May 1998CCR5 Genotype and the Clinical Course of HIV-1 InfectionCurtis L. Scribner, MDCurtis L. Scribner, MDNorth Chevy Chase, MD 2081Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I believe you have done a great disservice to both clinicians and patients by allowing the conclusion in the recent paper by de Roda Husman and colleagues [1] to be published.The conclusion that “The addition of CCR5 genotype to currently available laboratory markers may allow better estimation of the clinical course of HIV-1 infection” is not supported by the paper. Although the authors are able to suggest again that heterozygosity for the 32-nucleotide deletion in the C-C chemokine receptor 5 gene (CCR5 Delta32) may be associated with prolonged survival, they give no reason why the test ...References1. de Roda Husman AM, Koot M, Cornelissen M, Keet IP, Brouwer M, Broersen SM, et al. Association between CCR5 genotype and the clinical course of HIV-1 infection. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:882-90. Google Scholar2. Price DT, Ridker PM. Factor V Leiden mutation and the risks for thromboembolic disease: a clinical perspective. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:895-903. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: North Chevy Chase, MD 2081 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHigh-Sequence Diversity and Rapid Virus Turnover Contribute to Higher Rates of Coreceptor Switching in Treatment-Experienced Subjects with HIV-1 Viremia 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 780KeywordsBiomarkersChemokinesClinical laboratoriesFactor V LeidenGenotypingHIV-1HeterozygosityPatients Issue Published: 1 May 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Alopecia Associated With Ibuprofen
Authors: Herbert C. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In my practice I have found an association between toxic alopecia and ingestion of ibuprofen. An elderly black patient brought this to my attention when she reported frequent visits to her hairdresser because her hair had been "falling out since starting the new arthritis medicine" (ibuprofen). On review of her history and medications, there was an apparent association between the onset of alopecia and the ingestion of ibuprofen. A systematic review was undertaken of the histories of black patients who were receiving ibuprofen therapy. Twenty-one patients were questioned regarding possible changes in their hair while taking the drug. They were also asked about the use of hair preparations and changes in their use. Fifteen patients reported thinning or loss of hair. Examination confirmed the reported hair changes. In all patients with hair changes, ibuprofen therapy was discontinued, and other related anti-inflammatory drugs were substituted. In all of
Beta-Blocker Therapy in Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Don Poldermans, Eric Boersma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Perioperative myocardial infarction is a major cause of complications and death among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.1 Annually in the United States, approximately 27 million patients are given anesthesia for surgical procedures; of these, approximately 50,000 patients have a perioperative myocardial infarction.2 The pathophysiology of an acute perioperative myocardial infarction is probably the same as it is for infarction unrelated to surgery.3 In patients with clinically significant coronary-artery stenosis, myocardial ischemia is induced either by a prolonged mismatch between oxygen demand and supply owing to the stress of surgery or as the result of a sudden rupture of a vulnerable plaque . . .
Cancer services in England and Scotland are improving faster than in rest of UK
Authors: M. Pownall
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The devolution of the NHS in the United Kingdom has led to uneven progress in cancer services, with England and Scotland outstripping Wales and Northern Ireland, the charity Cancer Research UK has found in a new analysis of national cancer plans.

Its report says that cancer plans have in general succeeded in standardising the delivery of treatment and increasing the specialisation of care but that the English and Scottish plans are more comprehensive and have progressed further.

Wales lags behind, the report says, and it criticises the lack of rigour in Northern Ireland’s cancer control programme and its delay in introducing the follow-up cancer service framework.

The …
Randomised trial of impact of model of integrated care and case management for older people living in the community
Authors: R. Bernabei, F. Landi, G. Gambassi, A. Sgadari, G. Zuccala, V. Mor, L. Z Rubenstein, P. Carbonin
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the impact of a programme of integrated social and medical care among frail elderly people living in the community. <b>Design:</b> Randomised study with 1 year follow up. <b>Setting:</b> Town in northern Italy (Rovereto). <b>Subjects:</b> 200 older people already receiving conventional community care services. <b>Intervention:</b> Random allocation to an intervention group receiving integrated social and medical care and case management or to a control group receiving conventional care. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Admission to an institution, use and costs of health services, variations in functional status. <b>Results:</b> Survival analysis showed that admission to hospital or nursing home in the intervention group occurred later and was less common than in controls (hazard ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.53 to 0.91). Health services were used to the same extent, but control subjects received more frequent home visits by general practitioners. In the intervention group the estimated financial savings were in the order of £1125 ($1800) per year of follow up. The intervention group had improved physical function (activities of daily living score improved by 5.1% <i>v</i> 13.0% loss in controls; P&lt;0.001). Decline of cognitive status (measured by the short portable mental status questionnaire) was also reduced (3.8% <i>v</i> 9.4%; P&lt;0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Integrated social and medical care with case management programmes may provide a cost effective approach to reduce admission to institutions and functional decline in older people living in the community. <h3>Key messages</h3> Responsibility for management of care of elderly people living in the community is poorly defined Integration of medical and social services together with care management programmes would improve such care in the community In a comparison of this option with a traditional and fragmented model of community care the integrated care approach reduced admission to institutions and functional decline in frail elderly people living in the community and also reduced costs
TCT-722 Platelet Function Testing Predicts Bleeding In Patients Exposed To Clopidogrel Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Grant Reed, Elaine Hoffman, Amit Kumar, Andrew Maree, Dalton McLean, Jacki Buros, Sary Aranki, Prem Shekar, Arvind Agnihotri, Laura Williams, Kenneth Rosenfeld, Christopher Cannon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Recurrent Necrotizing Fasciitis in Complement C4 Deficiency
Authors: P. Dileep Kumar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters16 October 2001Recurrent Necrotizing Fasciitis in Complement C4 DeficiencyP. Dileep Kumar, MDP. Dileep Kumar, MDCleveland Clinic Health System; East Cleveland, OH 44112 (Kumar)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-8_Part_1-200110160-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Necrotizing fasciitis is characterized by rapidly progressive necrosis and edema of the subcutaneous soft tissues and fascia, accompanied by systemic toxicity. C4 is a classic complement component that is required for chemotaxis, opsonization, phagocytosis, and local inflammatory response (1). I report a case of recurrent necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with C4 deficiency.A 39-year-old man presented in 1998 with a 4-day history of fever, sore throat, pain, and redness of the left neck and upper chest. In 1995, he had had necrotizing fasciitis of the left leg extending up to mid-chest caused by group A β-hemolytic ...References1. Figueroa JE, Densen P. Infectious diseases associated with complement deficiencies. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991;4:359-95. [PMID: 1889047] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Mascart-Lemone F, Hauptmann G, Goetz J, Duchateau J, Delespesse G, Vray B, et al . Genetic deficiency of C4 presenting with recurrent infections and a SLE-like disease. Genetic and immunologic studies. Am J Med. 1983;75:295-304. [PMID: 6881182] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Meyer O, Hauptmann G, Tappeiner G, Ochs HD, Mascart-Lemone F. Genetic deficiency of C4, C2 or C1q and lupus syndromes. Association with anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies. Clin Exp Immunol. 1985;62:678-84. [PMID: 3878757] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Health System; East Cleveland, OH 44112 (Kumar) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRecurrent Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections with Atypical Pathogens after Injection Drug Abuse: Another Manifestation of the Opioid CrisisSequential necrotizing fasciitis caused by the monomicrobial pathogens Streptococcus equisimilis and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coliDiagnosis and management of necrotising fasciitis: a multiparametric approachRecurrent necrotizing fasciitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusNecrotising fasciitis: its aetiology, diagnosis and management 16 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 635KeywordsPhagocytosisPharyngitisPharynxPneumoniaSoft tissuesStreptococcusThoraxTonsilsToxicityUpper respiratory tract infections ePublished: 16 October 2001 Issue Published: 16 October 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Changes over 13 years in skin reactivity to histamine in cohorts of children aged 9–13 years
Authors: R. Ronchetti, M. Pia Villa, G. Ciofetta, M. Barreto, C. Falasca, S. Martella
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Several studies report substantial differences in the prevalence of skin test reactivity to allergens in children from adjacent geographic areas; others report an increased prevalence over time. To find out whether these differences depend on variations in skin reactivity to histamine, we determined the time trend of histamine wheal sizes in successive cohorts of unselected children living in the same area (Viterbo, Italy).We conducted three epidemiologic surveys, each including children aged 9 and 13 years. The 1983-7 study investigated 170 children (150 were tested twice); the 1992 study, 158 children; and the 1996 study, 208 children.In both age groups, the mean diameter of the wheal induced by histamine skin prick tests (10 mg/ml) increased significantly over time (9-year-olds: 3.25 mm in 1983, 4.68 in 1992, and 5.89 in 1996; 13-year-olds: 3.89 mm in 1987, 5.18 in 1992, and 6.50 in 1996) (P < 0.001 between subsequent studies). The distribution of the wheal diameters for both ages showed a trend to a right shift in the three successive studies (P < 0.001). The dose-response curves for three histamine concentrations (0.2, 1, and 10 mg/ml) had significantly steeper slopes in 1996 than in 1983-7 (P < 0.001).The marked time-related increase in the size of the histamine wheals could help to explain the trend toward an increased prevalence of positive allergen skin test reactions reported during the past years. The causes of increased skin reactivity to histamine remain conjectural.
The assessment of neurobehavioral toxicity: SGOMSEC joint report.
Authors: N Fiedler, R G Feldman, J Jacobson, A Rahill, A Wetherell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Exposure to neurobehavioral toxicants is a problem of international scope. Although many different procedures are available for the assessment of human behavioral function, performance tests are displacing traditional diagnostic tests for ascertaining the consequences of exposure to neurotoxic chemicals. Performance testing includes variables such as attention and concentration, sensory function, motor control, spatial relations, visuomotor coordination, memory, and affect. Special tests have also been devised for evaluating child development. One of the salient needs in these efforts is the construction of databases allowing access to normative data.
Startle Reaction to Air-Bag Restraints
Authors: Michael D. Decker
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their report on startle reaction to air-bag restraints (233:436-440, 1975), Ziperman and Smith stated that "the nature of the test had been fully explained" to the participants. I infer that, although subjects did not know the nature or timing of the startling event, they had been told enough to expect an extraordinary occurrence. Could not this foreknowledge sufficiently dampen their responses so as to mislead us regarding the result in a "real-life," unprepared situation?
Venous Thrombosis — The Interaction of Genes and Environment
Authors: R.M. Bertina, F.R. Rosendaal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Venous thrombosis is the obstruction of the circulation by clots that have been formed locally in the veins or have been released from a thrombus elsewhere. The usual sites of thrombus formation are the superficial and deep veins of the legs, but it also may occur in veins in the brain, retina, liver, and mesentery.An important question is why thrombosis develops in a given person at a specific site at a particular age and time. Probably the formation and growth of a thrombus are caused by local activation of the coagulation system, combined with a disturbance in the balance . . .
Glucose-lipid ratio is a determinant of nitrogen balance during total parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a prospective, randomized, multicenter blind trial with an intention-to-treat analysis
Authors: P. Boulétreau, D. Chassard, B. Allaouchiche, J. C. Dumont, C. Auboyer, M. Bertin-Maghit, H. Bricard, R. Ecochard, J. Rangaraj, C. Chambrier, C. Schneid, L. Cynober
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2005)
Relation of Race and Sex to the Use of Reperfusion Therapy in Medicare Beneficiaries with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: John G. Canto, Jeroan J. Allison, Catarina I. Kiefe, Contessa Fincher, Robert Farmer, Padmini Sekar, Sharina Person, Norman W. Weissman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

There are few reports describing the combined influence of the race and sex of a patient on the use of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
Interplay between pathogenic Th17 and regulatory T cells
Authors: M. Oukka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Autoimmune diseases arise from a break in tolerance toward self-antigens and are characterised by the development of pathogenic T cell populations infiltrating the target organ. Regulatory T cells play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance through their inhibitory functions on effector T cells. The usage of ex vivo-generated regulatory T cells (Treg) has been regarded as a potentially attractive therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases. However, the dynamics of Treg in autoimmunity are not well understood. Here, we summarise our published findings on the interplay between Treg and Th17 effector cells in vivo during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. We have developed Foxp3gfp "knock-in" mice and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)(35-55)/IA(b) (MHC class II)-tetramers to track autoantigen-specific Treg in vivo during EAE. On immunisation with MOG, Treg cells were detected in the central nervous system (CNS) as early as day 10. However, at the onset of disease, the accumulation of MOG-specific effector T cells (T-eff) largely prevailed. Subsequently, during remission T-eff rapidly contracted whereas a highly suppressive Treg population persisted in the CNS. The interplay between effector Th17 and Treg extend beyond their functions in vivo as we and others have identified the factors responsible for Th17 differentiation. While TGF-beta is a critical differentiation factor for Treg cells, IL6 completely inhibits the generation of Treg cells induced by TGF-beta. Instead, IL6 and TGF-beta together induce the differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells. Our data demonstrate a dichotomy in the generation of Th17 cells that induce autoimmunity and Treg cells that inhibit autoimmune tissue injury.
Prevention of Measles in a Children's Hospital
Authors: W. E. Crosbie
Journal: BMJ (1938)

and Conclusion 1. Analyses of 1,370 specimens of stools from Europeans resident in Calcutta are recorded.2. The incidence of dysenteric condition-amoebic and bacillary-is noted.3. Possible sources of infection are discussed; the probable disseminators seemed to be carriers among the Indian menial staff.4. Although among the Indian population there is a definite seasonal correlation with the disease, this was not found to be so in the case of the Calcutta Europeans.5. The association of Charcot-Leyden crystals with amoebiasis could not be found to extend far.
Identification of RANTES receptors on human monocytic cells: competition for binding and desensitization by homologous chemotactic cytokines.
Authors: J M Wang, D W McVicar, J J Oppenheim, D J Kelvin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted) is a member of the chemotactic cytokine (chemokine) beta subfamily. High affinity receptors for RANTES have been identified on a human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1, which responded to RANTES in chemotaxis and calcium mobilization assays. Steady-state binding data analyses revealed approximately 700 binding sites/cell on THP-1 cells with a Kd value of 400 pM, comparable to that expressed on human peripheral blood monocytes. The RANTES binding to monocytic cells was competed for by monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1) alpha, two other chemokine beta cytokines. Although MCAF and MIP-1 alpha competed for RANTES binding to monocytes with apparent lower affinity (with estimated Kd of 6 and 1.6, nM respectively) both of these cytokines effectively desensitized the calcium mobilization induced by RANTES. The chemotactic response of THP-1 cells to RANTES was also markedly inhibited by preincubation with MCAF or MIP-1 alpha. In contrast, RANTES did not desensitize the THP-1 calcium mobilization and chemotaxis in response to MCAF or MIP-1 alpha. These results, together with our previous observations that RANTES did not compete for MCAF or MIP-1 alpha binding on monocytic cells, indicate the expression of promiscuous receptors on monocytes that recognize one or more cytokines within the chemokine beta family.
MACROGLOBULINEMIA
Authors: Leonhard Korngold, Gerda Van Leeuwen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Highly purified pathological macroglobulins, which had been characterized electrophoretically and in the ultracentrifuge, were studied by the Ouchterlony gel diffusion technique. These macroglobulins were shown to be antigenically related to normal gamma(1)-macroglobulin (19S) as well as the 7S gamma-globulins. The pathological macroglobulins differ among each other and they are antigenically deficient when compared with the normal macroglobulin. There is no correlation between the macroglobulin's antigenic structure and its physico-chemical properties.
Type III hyperlipoproteinemia and spontaneous atherosclerosis in mice resulting from gene replacement of mouse Apoe with human Apoe*2.
Authors: P M Sullivan, H Mezdour, S H Quarfordt, N Maeda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

To study isoform-specific effects of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in vivo, we generated mice with a human APOE*2 allele in place of the mouse Apoe gene via targeted gene replacement in embryonic stem cells. Mice expressing human apoE2 (2/2) have virtually all the characteristics of type III hyperlipoproteinemia. Their plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels are both twice to three times those in (normolipidemic) mice that are expressing human apoE3 (3/3) made in an identical manner. The 2/2 mice are markedly defective in clearing beta-migrating VLDL particles, and spontaneously develop atherosclerotic plaques, even on a regular diet. An atherogenic diet, high in fat and cholesterol, exacerbates development of atherosclerosis and xanthomas in the 2/2 mice. Thus, comparisons between the 2/2 and 3/3 mice unequivocally demonstrate that a single amino acid difference (Arg158 Cys) in the apoE protein is sufficient to cause type III HLP and spontaneous atherosclerosis in mice.
Expression of heme oxygenase-1 can determine cardiac xenograft survival
Authors: M.P. Soares, Y. Lin, J. Anrather, E. Csizmadia, K. Takigami, K. Sato, S.T. Grey, R.B. Colvin, A.M. Choi, K.D. Poss, F.H. Bach
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)