tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of α-thalassemia on sickle-cell anemia linked to the Arab-Indian haplotype in India
Authors: Malay B. Mukherjee, Chang Yong Lu, Rolande Ducrocq, Raman R. Gangakhedkar, Roshan B. Colah, Megha D. Kadam, Dipika Mohanty, Ronald L. Nagel, Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Two population groups from Western India with a high prevalence of the βs gene, one tribal (Valsad) and the other nontribal (Nagpur), were studied. The βs gene frequency in both populations was similar (0.22 vs. 0.23), but not the clinical expression of sickle-cell anemia (SS): the sickle homozygotes in the tribal group appeared to have a mild clinical course, whereas the majority in the nontribal group exhibited a more severe clinical phenotype. Both tribal and nontribal SS patients had a similarly high mean hemoglobin (Hb)F expression (18.5% vs. 15.5%) and a high number of F cells (72.3% vs. 66.6%). DNA analysis of the β-globin gene cluster region revealed that in these two populations, this portion of DNA was identical with and corresponded to the typical Arab-Indian haplotype. Nevertheless, in heterozygotes, the mean βs expression was lower (27.9%) in the tribal as compared to the nontribal group (35.5%). The major epistatic factor distinguishing the milder presentation in tribals vs. a more severe manifestation in nontribals was the very high frequency (0.97) of the α-thalassemia gene in the former as compared to the latter (0.24). We conclude that the phenotypic expression of sickle-cell anemia, linked to the Arab-India haplotype and expressing similar levels of HbF and F cells, is not uniformly mild in India and that α-thalassemia is a powerful and additional epistatic factor in the Indian subcontinent. Am. J. Hematol. 55:104-109, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Topical treatment of mild to moderate plaque psoriasis with 0·3% tacrolimus gel and 0·5% tacrolimus cream: the effect on SUM score, epidermal proliferation, keratinization, T-cell subsets and HLA-DR expression
Authors: W.H.P.M. Vissers, I. van Vlijmen, P.E.J. van Erp, E.M.G.J. de Jong, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Tacrolimus gel 0·3% and tacrolimus cream 0·5% were studied and compared with calcipotriol ointment 0·005%, as topical treatment for mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. Tacrolimus is able to inhibit several cellular processes thought to be important in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, e.g. the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, keratinocyte hyperproliferation and the expression of HLA‐DR in lesional psoriatic skin. Method In the present study we investigated the effects of preparations of tacrolimus and calcipotriol ointment on SUM score, hyperproliferation (Ki67‐positive keratinocytes), keratinization (percentage keratin 10 (K10)‐positive epidermal surface), T‐cell subsets (CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD45RA, CD2, CD25), cells expressing natural killer receptors and HLA‐DR expression. The following three topical treatments were studied in chronic plaque psoriasis over a 12‐week treatment period: calcipotriol ointment 0·005% twice daily, tacrolimus gel 0·3% twice daily and tacrolimus cream 0·5% twice daily. Results The mean reductions in SUM score between day 0 and week 12 for calcipotriol ointment, tacrolimus gel and cream were significant. Calcipotriol ointment, and tacrolimus gel and cream had a comparable effect on epidermal proliferation (Ki67‐positive cells), but calcipotriol is significantly more effective in normalizing differentiation (K10‐positive epidermal surface). Calcipotriol and tacrolimus gel both reduced several lesional T‐cell subsets significantly, whereas the effect induced by tacrolimus cream was modest. Conclusions Calcipotriol and tacrolimus gel are comparable in reducing the SUM score, the number of Ki67‐positive cells and T‐cell subsets and HLA‐DR expression, although calcipotriol induces a more substantial improvement of keratinization.
Choosing between Clinical Prediction Rules
Authors: Donald M. Yealy, Thomas E. Auble
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Clinicians currently order imaging studies for most patients with blunt head or neck trauma if there is even a remote possibility of cervical-spine injury, in order to avoid missing a potentially disabling fracture, dislocation, or ligamentous injury. The result of this practice is that 96 percent or more of cervical-spine radiographs reveal no clinically important injuries.1,2 A decision rule, or clinical prediction rule, that could reliably identify patients with trauma who are at very low risk for cervical anatomical disruption could help reduce unnecessary radiographic testing, improve efficiency, and decrease health care expenditures that accompany testing.In this issue . . .
Prebioptic Psychological Characteristics of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Michael Wirsching, Florian Hoffmann, Helm Stierlin, Gunthard Weber, Barbara Wirsching
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

63 women were examined the day before breast biopsy using psychological ratings, speech analysis and questionnaire testings. Ratings revealed differences (benign vs. malignant, α = 5 %) in 8 of 10 scales, cancer patients being inaccessible, altruistic, suppressing feelings, rationalizing and harmonizing. The biopsy's result was predicted in 75% of all cases. Questionnaire testing showed differences in 7 of 16 scales. It proved cancer patients to be more dependent, anxious, aggressive, health-conscious, family-bound and antisexual. A discriminant analysis correctly identified 77% of cancer and 87% of benign patients. Speech analysis (Gottschalk-Gleser) revealed only minor differences: fewer aggressive and more anxious utterances from cancer patients. Conclusions are drawn for the care and treatment of breast cancer patients.
Drug Anaphylaxis As Presentation of Systemic Mastocytosis: About 7 Case Reports
Authors: F. Codreanu, M. Morisset, J.M. Renaudin, A. Schuller, J. Mouzita, E. Beaudouin, D.A. Moneret-Vautrin, G. Kanny
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HEMOPTYSIS
Authors: Herman J. Moersch
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The expectoration of blood is always an alarming experience for the patient and a matter of grave concern to the attending physician, because it may be the warning of serious disease. There is probably no symptom other than severe and acute pain that will stimulate a patient to seek medical aid as promptly as loss of blood for the first time from an unexplained source. When such bleeding occurs from the respiratory tract, the possibility of its being due to pulmonary tuberculosis or carcinoma of the lung is promptly suggested. It is unfortunate, indeed, that the severity of the bleeding is no guide as to the presence or absence of these diseases. It is imperative, therefore, that the patient with a history of hemoptysis have the benefit of thorough investigation to determine the cause of the bleeding. It is essential first to determine that the bleeding does not originate from
Acetylcholine-Sensitive Intracellular Ca <sup>2+</sup> Store in Fresh Endothelial Cells and Evidence for Ryanodine Receptors
Authors: Xiaodong Wang, Frankie Lau, Li Li, Akiyoshi Yoshikawa, Cornelis van Breemen
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract In a freshly isolated endothelial cell preparation from rabbit aorta, the regulation of the acetylcholine (ACh)–sensitive intracellular Ca 2+ store and the effects of the Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release agonists ryanodine and caffeine were studied using fura 2 imaging fluorescence microscopy. ACh (10 μmol/L) caused a transient release of Ca 2+ from an intracellular store, presumably via an inositol tris-phosphate–sensitive mechanism. This ACh response could be repeated in the presence of extracellular Ca 2+ but was obtained only once in Ca 2+ -free bathing solution, which shows that a depleted intracellular Ca 2+ store can be rapidly refilled from the extracellular space. Refilling can be prevented by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (10 μmol/L), implying that Ca 2+ enters the cytoplasm before accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Ionomycin (10 μmol/L) caused a large Ca 2+ release even after the ACh-releasable store had been emptied, indicating the existence of other ACh-insensitive stores, perhaps including the mitochondria. In one third of the cells studied, ACh induced oscillations in [Ca 2+ ] i that were dependent on extracellular Ca 2+ . Also investigated were the effects of caffeine and ryanodine. In this cell preparation neither caffeine nor ryanodine induced a Ca 2+ transient but instead slowly increased [Ca 2+ ] i . It was observed that both caffeine and ryanodine were able to slowly deplete the ACh-sensitive store. These results indicate the presence of functional ryanodine receptors in native endothelial cells and demonstrate overlap between the caffeine and agonist-sensitive Ca 2+ stores. We also found that caffeine was able to directly inhibit the process of ACh-induced Ca 2+ release. It is hypothesized that endothelial endoplasmic reticulum contains both inositol tris-phosphate receptors and ryanodine receptors but that the former class are more densely distributed.
Spontaneous Laceration of Ascending Aorta
Authors: CHARLES A. MURRAY, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Spontaneous laceration of the ascending aorta may result in (1) through-and-through laceration causing hemopericardium, (2) limited intramural dissection of blood (incomplete dissecting aneurysm), or (3) classical dissecting aneurysm. The latter is the most common manifestation. Background conditions include either extensive cystic medial necrosis (as may be seen in Marfan's syndrome) or hypertension. The latter condition is universally associated with cystic medial necrosis but classically the medial lesion is of minimal degree. Aortic stenosis may be an underlying cause of spontaneous laceration of the ascending aorta.
Rapid Intravenous Transfusions in Children
Authors: L. G. Andrews, D. J. Coleman
Journal: BMJ (1957)

MEDICAL JOURNALto ensure that a certain minimum concentration of penicillin is being obtained, the actual level being unimportant provided it is above the therapeutic one for the organism concerned.Owing to the possible contamination of the urine, the Staph.aureus method is unsuitable for urine penicillin assays and the Sarcina lutea method must be used. Summary and ConclusionsSerum penicillin levels and urine excretion rates were measured in six subjects, using two intramuscular and two oral preparations of penicillin.The two standard methods of assay are described in some detail, and the results obtained with both methods are compared.The results obtained clearly indicate that oral penicillin is no substitute for parenteral therapy when consistently high levels are required.Where oral therapy is indicated phenoxymethyl penicillin gives adequate and reliable blood levels.Benzathine penicillin appears to give disappointing results in adults, and it is probably of more value in children.The Sarcina lutea assays were performed throughout by Miss M. A. Butcher, working under a grant from the Endowmept Fund of the Birmingham Uniited Hospitals, and we would like to thank Messrs. Glaxo Ltd. for instruction and advice in this method.
F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Breast
Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Yan Xiu, Thiruvekatasamy Dhurairaj, Jian Q. Yu, Abass Alavi, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

The breast is an uncommon site of development of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Both primary and secondary involvement of the breast have been reported. A 36-year-old woman diagnosed with NHL underwent multimodality imaging for staging of the disease. CT of the chest revealed no significant abnormalities. Whole-body FDG PET imaging showed intense FDG uptake in the left breast. Cytologic examination confirmed breast involvement by diffuse large B-cell NHL. Although rare, breast involvement characterized by increased FDG uptake can occur in patients with lymphoma. This case highlights the role of FDG PET in patients with suspected lymphoma in dense breasts that can be missed by CT scan and mammogram.
End-of-Life Care and Pragmatic Decision Making: A Bioethical Perspective
Authors: Stephen R. Workman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate kinase activity after stimulation of human T cell antigen receptor.
Authors: J B Imboden, G Pattison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-1,4,5-P3), a Ca2+-mobilizing messenger, can be phosphorylated by a cytoplasmic kinase, yielding inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins-1,3,4,5-P3). We observed that stimulation of the antigen receptor on a malignant human T cell line, Jurkat, led to substantial, sustained increases in Ins-1,4,5-P3 and InsP4. The Ins-1,4,5-P3 kinase partially purified from resting Jurkat cells had a maximum velocity (Vmax) of 0.09 nmol/min/mg protein and an apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.2 microM. When the kinase was partially purified 10 min after stimulation of the antigen receptor or after the addition of phorbol myristate acetate, the Vmax was increased twofold. The activity of the Ins-1,4,5-P3 kinase obtained from either resting or stimulated Jurkat cells was enhanced in vitro by increasing the concentration of free Ca2+ from 0.1 to 0.5 microM. These results indicate that the activity of the Ins-1,4,5-P3 kinase is regulated as a consequence of stimulating the T cell antigen receptor.
Myelitis Following Type A2 Influenza
Authors: Nicholas L. Owen
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The practicing physician will seldom see a case of influenza complicated by neurological involvement. Should he make such an observation, review of the subject in standard medical references will prove unsatisfying. Numerous case reports and observations do exist,<sup>1-6</sup>and this diagnosis should probably receive more frequent consideration. Our attention was called to this situation when confronted with a young man with the rarest of the three neurological syndromes associated with influenza. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> A 19-year-old student at the University of Wisconsin was admitted to the hospital because of constipation and inability to void. Five days previously, complaints of diffuse myalgia involving lower back, trunk, and lower extremities, minor respiratory symptoms, and nausea began during a period in which influenza A<sub>2</sub>(Hong Kong) was prevalent in Milwaukee. He experienced some peculiar vague discomfort on moving his bowels and emptying his bladder. These symptoms had
Flow Regulation of 72-kD Collagenase IV (MMP-2) After Experimental Arterial Injury
Authors: Hisham S. Bassiouny, Ruo H. Song, Xue F. Hong, Ashok Singh, Hrachya Kocharyan, Seymour Glagov
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —MMP-2 plays a key role in basement membrane degradation and in the migration of proliferating smooth muscle cells after vascular injury. Because low flow and shear stress have been related to the localization and progression of intimal hyperplasia, we hypothesized that flow conditions modulate in vivo MMP-2 transcription and activity in a model of injury-induced intimal thickening. Methods and Results —The right common carotid artery (CCA) was balloon-injured in 21 New Zealand White male rabbits. Flow was thereafter preserved (normal flow, n=7), reduced by partial outflow occlusion (low flow, n=7), or increased by ligation of the left CCA (high flow, n=7). In 15 other animals (controls without injury), flow was reduced (n=5), increased (n=5), or preserved (n=5). Mean blood flow and pressure in the right CCA were measured before and after flow modulation (day 0) and before the rabbits were killed (day 7). Northern analysis, gelatin-gel zymography, and fluorometric assays were performed on day 7 to determine MMP-2 mRNA levels and activity in relation to flow and intimal thickening. Mean flow was reduced from 21±1 to 7±1 mL/min ( P &lt;0.05) by outflow occlusion and increased to 31±2 mL/min ( P &lt;0.05) by ligation of the contralateral CCA. Blood pressure was not different between the flow groups. Hemodynamic parameters were similar for days 0 and 7 after flow modulation. In the injured right CCA, there was a 186% increase in MMP-2 mRNA with normal flow ( P &lt;0.05), a 366% increase with low flow ( P &lt;0.005), and only a 38% increase with high flow ( P &gt;0.05) compared with the uninjured CCA with normal flow. In the uninjured CCA, MMP-2 mRNA levels were increased by only 39% and 26% in the low- and high-flow groups, respectively, compared with normal-flow controls. The zymographic signal and quantitative fluorescent activity of gelatinase were markedly increased in both injured and uninjured CCAs subjected to low flow. Intimal thickening was observed after 1 week only in CCA segments with low flow and injury. Conclusions —Hemodynamic forces such as low flow upregulate injury-induced MMP-2 mRNA and appear to be more important in regulating MMP-2 activity than injury alone. This may facilitate migration of the smooth muscle cells and subsequent development of intimal thickening.
Abstract 4930: Integrative analysis of genome-wide methylation and expression profiles for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Yutaka Midorikawa, Shingo Tsuji, Genta Nagae, Tadatoshi Takayama, Yasuyuki Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Aburatani
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In colorectal cancer (CRC) care, treatment decisions depend on efforts to estimate the metastatic potential of tumors. The liver is one of the most common metastatic sites of CRC and prognosis of CRC patients often reflects metastases to distant sites. However, the molecular mechanisms for further development of CRC with metastasis to the liver, lung, brain, bone and lymph nodes are unknown. The aim of this study was to stratify patients based on DNA methylation status and identify not one biomarker gene, but functional motif for metastatic potential of CRC. Using Illumina HumanMethylation 27 harboring approximately 27,000 CpG loci, we performed genome-wide methylation analysis for 74 CRC samples including 36 patients with liver metastasis and 38 without any distant metastasis. As a control, their corresponding colorectal mucosa was used. Consistent with our previous data, using non-negative matrix factorization and consensus clustering analysis, samples were clustered into three groups; high-, intermediate-, and low-methylation epigenotypes. Next, tumor samples were classified based on gene expression profile in each methylation cluster. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was applied for expression data, which could identify that Rhodopsin kinase was activated in CRC samples with liver metastasis. Then genes included in this kinase were analyzed by Network Hidden Key molecule miner (NetHike) algorithm. NetHike, which we recently developed as network analysis, demonstrated that CXCR4 was one of key molecule for liver metastasis of CRC. In NetHike algorithm, several information such as methylation status and gene expression was inputted which would be integrated on known signaling pathways. In CXCR4 and its neighbors as a functional motif of CRC metastasis, CXCL12 was methylated without gene expression aberration. On the other hand, CXCR4, CCR5, and ARRB2 were not methylated, of which expression was increased, suggesting that integration and mapping of some gene information effectively identify activated gene pathways in some clusters, and may be missed only by conventional analyses. Taken together, network-based analysis could find the potential functional motif and integration of various gene expression aberrations and methylation status also could stratify CRC patients with liver metastasis and without metastasis. We plan to make an exhaustive exploration to discover the some novel functional topologies that have both expression and methylation aberrations and might be related to the mechanism of CRC metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4930. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4930
Identification of important allergenic proteins in extracts of the granary weevil (<i>Sitophilus granarius</i>)
Authors: C. Herling, U.G. Svendsen, C. Schou
Journal: Allergy (1995)

This paper describes the identification of important allergens from the granary weevil ( Sitophilus granaries ) (Sg). Sera from Danish bakers whose skin prick tests were positive to extracts of Sg were screened for IgE against Sg extracts. We found that 54% ( n = 66) had elevated levels of IgE (RAST classes 1–3, by luminescent immunoassay) against whole‐body extracts of Sg. The specificity of patient IgE was investigated in an inhibition‐dot immunoblotting assay. IgE binding was inhibited in all sera but two, thus indicating that the patients’ IgE was indeed specific for the Sg extract. In crossed immunoelectrophoresis, 23 different proteins were identified. All RAST‐positive sera were investigated in crossed radioimmuno‐electrophoresis. At least 11 proteins in the Sg extract were capable of binding IgE. All individual sera reacted with at least four different proteins. The two most prominent allergens bound IgE from 88% and 100%, respectively, of the patients. These two are considered to be the most important allergens from Sg, and will be useful as markers in environmental immunochemical assays to detect allergens in samples from bakeries, grain stores, etc.