tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Coarse Particulate Matter on Emergency Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Diseases: A Time-Series Analysis in Hong Kong
Authors: Hong Qiu, Ignatius Tak-sun Yu, Linwei Tian, Xiaorong Wang, Lap Ah Tse, Wilson Tam, Tze Wai Wong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Many epidemiological studies have linked daily counts of hospital admissions to particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), but relatively few have investigated the relationship of hospital admissions with coarse PM (PMc; 2.5-10 μm aerodynamic diameter).We conducted this study to estimate the health effects of PMc on emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Hong Kong after controlling for PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants.We conducted a time-series analysis of associations between daily emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Hong Kong from January 2000 to December 2005 and daily PM2.5 and PMc concentrations. We estimated PMc concentrations by subtracting PM2.5 from PM10 measurements. We used generalized additive models to examine the relationship between PMc (single- and multiday lagged exposures) and hospital admissions adjusted for time trends, weather conditions, influenza outbreaks, PM2.5, and gaseous pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone).A 10.9-μg/m(3) (interquartile range) increase in the 4-day moving average concentration of PMc was associated with a 1.94% (95% confidence interval: 1.24%, 2.64%) increase in emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases that was attenuated but still significant after controlling for PM2.5. Adjusting for gaseous pollutants and altering models assumptions had little influence on PMc effect estimates.PMc was associated with emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Hong Kong independent of PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants. Further research is needed to evaluate health effects of different components of PMc.
Transthoracic doppler echocardiography versus exercise 201-TI single photon emission computed tomography in physiological assessment of intermediate coronary stenosis
Authors: Masao Daimon, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Hiroyuki Yamagishi, Kumiko Hirata, Youichi Kuwabara, Nobuyuki Komiyama, Issei Komuro, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Complication During Pancreas Stimulation Test with a Double-Balloon Tube
Authors: P. Lesch, E. Seifert, U. Bär
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

For the determination of the exocrine pancreas function the common Secretin-Pancreozymin Stimulation test was carried out with a double balloon tube (type Bartelheimer). After test termination the tube could not pulled out neither after application of spasmolytic drugs nor with relaxation or general anaesthesia. The removal of the tube was possible only after transcutaneous transduodenal puncture of the invaginated lower balloon with a fine needle under fluoroscopic control.
Inhibition of PAI-1 induces neutrophil-driven neoangiogenesis and promotes tissue regeneration via production of angiocrine factors in mice
Authors: Yoshihiko Tashiro, Chiemi Nishida, Kaori Sato-Kusubata, Makiko Ohki-Koizumi, Makoto Ishihara, Aki Sato, Ismael Gritli, Hiromitsu Komiyama, Yayoi Sato, Takashi Dan, Toshio Miyata, Ko Okumura, Yuichi Tomiki, Kazuhiro Sakamoto, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Beate Heissig, Koichi Hattori
Journal: Blood (2012)
College urges government to rethink its proposals on commissioning support
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government needs to rethink support services to clinical commissioning groups to ensure they can deliver the service that patients need, the Royal College of General Practitioners says.

Current government thinking on how clinical commissioning groups should function from 2013, including how they will acquire commissioning support services such as technical and “back office” functions, is outlined in the document Developing commissioning support: towards service excellence .

The document says “business intelligence” such as collecting and organising data, “major clinical procurement,” back office functions including …
RELATION OF PRURITUS OF ANUS TO CHRONIC DISEASES OF ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC VISCERA
Authors: J. F. MONTAGUE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Pruritus of the anus is a general term denoting an intolerable itching of the anal and often the entire perineal region. I recognize two distinct forms—the distinction depending on whether the irritative cause is within or outside the zone in which the pruritus is felt. In the two forms the general character and location of the itching is identical, but the seat of the cause is not always within the area affected and often not in the perineal region at all. Concerning that form in which a source of direct irritation to the nerve endings in the pruritic zone is evident, nothing will be said except that I believe it to be a distinct clinical entity, and like to refer to it as pruritus ani. We are, however, here concerned more particularly with the other form, which I designate with the term anal pruritus. In this form the causes at
Patients' and doctors' views on depression severity questionnaires incentivised in UK quality and outcomes framework: qualitative study
Authors: C. Dowrick, G. M Leydon, A. McBride, A. Howe, H. Burgess, P. Clarke, S. Maisey, T. Kendrick
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To gain understanding of general practitioners’ and patients’ opinions of the routine introduction of standardised measures of severity of depression through the UK general practice quality and outcomes framework. <b>Design</b> Semistructured qualitative interview study, with purposive sampling and constant comparative analysis. <b>Participants</b> 34 general practitioners and 24 patients. <b>Setting</b> 38 general practices in three sites in England: Southampton, Liverpool, and Norfolk. <b>Results</b> Patients generally favoured the measures of severity for depression, whereas general practitioners were generally cautious about the validity and utility of such measures and sceptical about the motives behind their introduction. Both general practitioners and patients considered that assessments of severity should be seen as one aspect of holistic care. General practitioners considered their practical wisdom and clinical judgment (“phronesis”) to be more important than objective assessments and were concerned that the assessments reduced the human element of the consultation. Patients were more positive about the questionnaires, seeing them as an efficient and structured supplement to medical judgment and as evidence that general practitioners were taking their problems seriously through a full assessment. General practitioners and patients were aware of the potential for manipulation of indicators: for economic reasons for doctors and for patients to avoid stigma or achieve desired outcomes. <b>Conclusions</b> Despite general practitioners’ caution about measures of severity for depression, these may benefit primary care consultations by increasing patients’ confidence that general practitioners are correct in their diagnosis and are making systematic efforts to assess and manage their mental health problems. Further education of primary care staff may optimise the use and interpretation of depression questionnaires.
Hemodynamic and reflex sympathetic control of transmural activation and rate of ventricular tachycardia in ischemic and hypertrophic ventricular myocardium of the dog.
Authors: J R Hopson, J B Martins
Journal: Circulation (1992)

A previous study found that the electrophysiological response to ischemia is altered in hypertrophic myocardium, resulting in prolonged transmural activation time (TAT) associated with induction of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. This study investigated the role of hemodynamics in modulating TAT and the cycle length of induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) in dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).Anesthetized open-chest dogs underwent 3 hours of uninterrupted circumflex coronary occlusion. During atrial drive, TAT was recorded between endocardial and epicardial bipolar pairs on the same multipolar plunge needle placed in nonischemic and ischemic zones, documented by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. TAT and VT induced by up to three extrastimuli were studied during hypertension (control), during normotension produced most frequently by nitroprusside infusion (3-6 micrograms/kg/min), and during further hypertension most frequently produced by phenylephrine infusion (1-5 micrograms/kg/min). Twenty-five dogs with chronic hypertension and LVH (group 1) produced by a single-kidney renal clamp mechanism and 15 control dogs were studied. In the latter, neither intervention altered TAT, and no VT was inducible. In group 1, however, nitroprusside reversibly prolonged TAT within the ischemic zone (mean +/- SEM, 31 +/- 3 to 34 +/- 3 msec, p less than 0.005) and cycle length of induced VT (204 +/- 19 to 240 +/- 17 msec, p less than 0.01). Phenylephrine reversibly shortened both TAT in the ischemic zone (33 +/- 2 to 28 +/- 2 msec, p less than 0.05) and cycle length of VT (219 +/- 17 to 165 +/- 11 msec, p less than 0.025). Cycle length of VT and TAT were dissociated from blood pressure elevation in two dogs with LVH; when blood pressure was elevated by sympathetic nerve stimulation, cycle length of VT and TAT were prolonged. In 11 dogs with LVH (group 2), prolongation of TAT with nitroprusside infusion was prevented by intravenous metoprolol (1.0 mg/kg). Of 12 dogs with LVH and inducible VT (group 3), seven still had VT inducible after metoprolol, but the cycle length of VT was still prolonged with nitroprusside infusion.These results suggest that 1) TAT in acutely ischemic LVH was uniquely responsive to hemodynamic influences, an effect prevented by beta-blockade with metoprolol, and 2) the cycle length of VT was also uniquely regulated by hemodynamic influences but not blocked by metoprolol.
Reviews and Notes: Immunology and Rheumatology: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: John S. Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 October 1993Reviews and Notes: Immunology and Rheumatology: Systemic Lupus ErythematosusJohn S. Davis, MDJohn S. Davis, MDUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-8-199310150-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Systemic Lupus ErythematosusSecond edition. Robert G. Lahita; ed. 1022 pages. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1992. $175.00.One might ask if another edition of Lahita's Systemic Lupus Erythematosus were needed after just 5 years. The overall organization of the second edition is exactly the same as the first. However, as is often the case with second editions, the book is physically larger, chapters have been added, and the format now features two columns of text on each page.This edition includes some important new areas; most noteworthy is the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, addressed by Nigel Harris in the Autoantibody section, Ron Asherson in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 8Page: 865-866KeywordsCentral nervous systemGenetic predispositionImaging techniquesImmunologyLibrariesLupus erythematosusResearch laboratoriesRheumatologyScientistsVasculitis Issue Published: 15 October 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Aging: a global theme issue
Authors: P. Rochon, R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The BMJ will be publishing in October 1997 a theme issue on aging, and we invite readers to submit papers and ideas. We will be doing this together with more than 100 other international medical journals, including the Lancet, JAMA, and some of the specialist journals of the BMJ Publishing Group. The theme of aging has been selected after a three stage Delphi process among more than 100 editors. First, editors were asked to suggest subjects: they nominated 94. Next, they voted on all 94 and finally on the top 12. Aging came out on top in both rounds. Our aims are to prompt research and thinking on this vital issue and to promote …
Government official wants school style inspections of general practices
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2008)

GPs in England could be subject to a regime of inspection, similar to that in schools, in a bid to root out underperformance, a senior Department of Health official has suggested.

Speaking about health inequalities at the NHS Confederation’s annual conference in Manchester last week, Mark Davies, director of partnership, experience, and involvement at the health department, said that some general practices were not taking inequality seriously enough.

“There are parallels with schools,” he said. “People are not afraid to tackle failing schools. 

“There will be a strategy for primary care which will look at …
Immunosuppressants, mortality, and risk of cancer
Authors: J. Avorn, S. Schneeweiss
Journal: BMJ (2009)

1 Platts-Mills TAE, Erwin E, Heymann P, Woodfolk J. Is the hygiene hypothesis still a viable explanation forthe increased prevalence of asthma? Me/yy2005;60(suppl79):25-31. 2 Van den Oord RAHM, Sheikh A. Filaggrin gene defects and risk of developing allergic sensitisation and allergic disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2009;339:b2433. 3 Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Lee SP, et al. Common loss-of-function variants ofthe epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet 2006;38:441-6. 4 Sandilands A, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Hull PR, O'Regan GM, Clayton TH, Watson RM, et al. Comprehensive analysis ofthe gene encoding filaggrin uncovers prevalent and rare mutations in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic eczema. Nat Genet 2007;39:650-4. 5 Marenholz I, Nickel R, Ruschendorf F, Schulz F, Esparza-Gordillo J, KerscherT, etal. Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations predispose to phenotypes involved in the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:866-71. 6 WeidingerS, IlligT, BaurechtH, Irvine AD, Rodriguez E, Diaz-Lacava A, et al. Loss-of-function variations within the filaggrin gene predispose for atopic dermatitis with allergic sensitizations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:214-9. 7 Stemmler S, Parwez Q, Petrasch-Parwez E, Epplen JT, Hoffjan S. Two common loss-of-function mutations within the filaggrin gene predispose for early onset of atopic dermatitis./Invest Dermatol 2007;127:722-4. 8 Nomura T, Sandilands A, Akiyama M, Liao H, Evans AT, Sakai K, et al. Unique mutations in the filaggrin gene in Japanese patients with ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:434-40. 9 Novak N. New insights into the mechanism and management of allergic diseases: atopic dermatitis./A//erpy 2009;64:265-75.
“Liberating the NHS” — Another Attempt to Implement Market Forces in English Health Care
Authors: Nick Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Like so many recent British governments, the new Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government is making structural changes to the National Health Service (NHS) in England. Such changes are being made despite campaign promises by the Conservative Party that it would not reorganize the NHS and despite a decade of steady improvements: for example, waits for elective surgery have largely disappeared, people with suspected cancers are now seen by specialists within 2 weeks, and survival rates among patients hospitalized in critical care units have increased by more than 2% per year.Although it supports the founding principles of the NHS — a . . .
Intradialytic Hypotension and Vascular Access Thrombosis
Authors: Tara I. Chang, Jane Paik, Tom Greene, Manisha Desai, Fritz Bech, Alfred K. Cheung, Glenn M. Chertow
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Identifying potential modifiable risk factors to reduce the incidence of vascular access thrombosis in hemodialysis could reduce considerable morbidity and health care costs. We analyzed data from a subset of 1426 HEMO study subjects to determine whether more frequent intradialytic hypotension and/or lower predialysis systolic BP were associated with higher rates of vascular access thrombosis. Our primary outcome measure was episodes of vascular access thrombosis occurring within a given 6-month period during HEMO study follow-up. There were 2005 total episodes of vascular access thrombosis during a median 3.1 years of follow-up. The relative rate of thrombosis of native arteriovenous fistulas for the highest quartile of intradialytic hypotension was approximately twice that of the lowest quartile, independent of predialysis systolic BP and other covariates. There was no significant association of intradialytic hypotension with prosthetic arteriovenous graft thrombosis after multivariable adjustment. Higher predialysis systolic BP was associated with a lower rate of fistula and graft thrombosis, independent of intradialytic hypotension and other covariates. In conclusion, more frequent episodes of intradialytic hypotension and lower predialysis systolic BP associate with increased rates of vascular access thrombosis. These results underscore the importance of including vascular access patency in future studies of BP management in hemodialysis.
Toxicity of Vidarabine
Authors: Stephen L. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Previously we described two patients who were treated with vidarabine (adenine arabinoside) for chronic hepatitis B infection (239:1648, 1978). Since this report we have treated 13 other patients with similar regimens. A summary of side effects related to this drug in all 15 patients follows. Twelve of these 15 patients were receiving human leukocyte interferon concomitantly. All 15 patients have experienced gastrointestinal symptoms (one or more of the following: anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, loose stools, and constipation). Eleven of the 15 described their symptoms as mild. Four of 15 suffered more severe discomfort, and one required cessation of therapy because of uncontrolled vomiting. With the exception of weight loss, which occasionally took weeks to reverse, gastrointestinal symptoms were quickly relieved in all patients by stopping the drug therapy. Seven of 15 patients experienced weakness or fatigue. All were receiving human leukocyte interferon, a drug also commonly associated
Constrictive Pericarditis Presenting as a Large Mediastinal Mass Causing Functional Tricuspid and Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: Niklas F. Ehl, Simon Sündermann, Reinhard Geyer, Svenja Thies, Carola Epp, Daniel Weilenmann, Volkmar Falk, Lucas Joerg, Hans Rickli, Micha T. Maeder
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Multiple sclerosis risk sharing scheme: two year results of clinical cohort study with historical comparator
Authors: M. Boggild, J. Palace, P. Barton, Y. Ben-Shlomo, T. Bregenzer, C. Dobson, R. Gray
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To generate evidence on the longer term cost effectiveness of disease modifying treatments in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study with historical comparator. <b>Setting</b> Specialist multiple sclerosis clinics in 70 centres in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who started treatment from May 2002 to April 2005 under the UK risk sharing scheme. <b>Interventions</b> Treatment with interferon beta or glatiramer acetate in accordance with guidelines of the UK Association of British Neurologists. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Observed utility weighted progression in disability at two years' follow-up assessed on the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) compared with that expected by applying the progression rates in a comparator dataset, modified for patients receiving treatment by multiplying by the hazard ratio derived separately for each disease modifying treatment from the randomised trials. <b>Results</b> In the primary per protocol analysis, progression in disability was worse than that predicted and worse than that in the untreated comparator dataset ("deviation score" of 113%; excess in mean disability status scale 0.28). In sensitivity analyses, however, the deviation score varied from −72% (using raw baseline disability status scale scores, rather than applying a "no improvement" algorithm) to 156% (imputing missing data for year two from progression rates for year one). <b>Conclusions</b> It is too early to reach any conclusion about the cost effectiveness of disease modifying treatments from this first interim analysis. Important methodological issues, including the need for additional comparator datasets, the potential bias from missing data, and the impact of the "no improvement" rule, will need to be addressed and long term follow-up of all patients is essential to secure meaningful results. Future analyses of the cohort are likely to be more informative, not least because they will be less sensitive to short term fluctuations in disability.
Points from Letters: Complications of Measles
Authors: E. Walters
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRTSw=Hcomings of others-presumably they hope their own virtues will show up better by contrast; but, really, 800 purple hearts a day are too much for any of us to swallow, literally or figuratively.No details have been given, so far as I know, of how many were in the family or how long the tablets were supposed to last, or whether the circum- stances justified the prescribing of purple hearts in any quantity.This statement has been so damaging to the profession in lay eyes and so surprising and shocking to the vast majority of doctors in general practice who never prescribe more than two Drinamyl a day-and these with some diffidence-that the Ministry should justify the statement of the official by supply- ing details to the profession by way of Prescribers' Notes or in the B.M.7.
Treatment of a Gastric Bezoar by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: J. Benes, J. Chmel, J. Jodl, C. Stuka, J. Nevoral
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

A bezoar of the stomach was diagnosed by X-ray and endoscopy in an 8-year-old boy who presented with intermittent dull epigastric pain. Attempts at endoscopic extraction failed because of the size and hardness of the bezoar. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was therefore applied using ultrasound to locate the bezoar. Disintegration of the bezoar and spontaneous evacuation of the fragments was achieved.
NSAIDs double risk of bleeding in patients taking antithrombotics after myocardial infarction, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) more than double the risk of bleeding and also increase the risk of cardiovascular events among patients taking antithrombotic drugs after a myocardial infarction, even after short term treatment with NSAIDs, show results from a Danish study reported in JAMA .1

Guidelines recommend that dual antithrombotic therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) should be prescribed to all patients who have a myocardial infarction for up to 12 months after the event, followed by …