tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Unborn Patient: Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Rosemary Reiss
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A multidisciplinary team of physicians at the University of California at San Francisco wrote this book presenting the experiences of their Fetal Treatment Program. They encourage us to consider the prenatal period not only as a time for diagnosis of fetal ailments but also, at least potentially, as a time for intervention to achieve fetal well-being. Accordingly, the book not only deals with diagnostic modalities such as ultrasound, amniocentesis, and fetoscopy but also suggests how congenital abnormalities may be amenable, now or in the future, to in utero medical or surgical therapy. Although there are very interesting chapters on metabolic diseases and nonimmune hydrops, the majority of the text is devoted to detailed discussions of three conditions that the authors believe may lend themselves to prenatal surgical correction. These conditions—congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital hydronephrosis, and obstructive hydrocephalus—often produce damage that is irreversible by the neonatal period. For each, the authors
Possibility of the reversal of multidrug resistance and the avoidance of side effects by liposomes modified with MRK-16, a monoclonal antibody to P-glycoprotein
Authors: Hirotami Matsuo, Masahiro Wakasugi, Hitomi Takanaga, Hisakazu Ohtani, Mikihiko Naito, Takashi Tsuruo, Yasufumi Sawada
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2001)
Inhibition of Stimulus-Induced Endothelial Cell Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, E-Selectin, and Vascular Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression by Arachidonic Acid and Its Hydroxy and Hydroperoxy Derivatives
Authors: Z. Hua Huang, Edna J. Bates, Judith V. Ferrante, Charles S.T. Hii, Alf Poulos, Brenton S. Robinson, Antonio Ferrante
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Localized adhesion of peripheral blood leukocytes to the endothelial lining is essential for their exit from the blood under both physiological and pathological conditions. The establishment, development, and resolution of the inflammatory response is regulated by an array of mediators, many of which remain to be categorized. These include arachidonic acid (20:4 n -6) and its hydroperoxy (HPETE) and hydroxy (HETE) derivatives, which are released during inflammation. The data show that human umbilical vein endothelial cells, pretreated with these fatty acids, have a reduced ability to be stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for enhanced neutrophil and monocyte adhesion; the order of inhibitory activity being 15-HPETE&gt;15-HETE&gt;20:4 ( n -6). This fatty acid–induced inhibitory activity was reflected in the ability of the mediators to decrease the TNF-α–induced expression of the following endothelial adhesion molecules: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), measured by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometric analysis. TNF-α–induced increased expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 mRNA was significantly depressed by 15-HPETE. Constitutively expressed ICAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNAs were unchanged by the fatty acids. The saturated fatty acid 20:0 and the methyl ester of 20:4( n -6) had no inhibitory activity. The binding of TNF-α to its receptors was not altered by these fatty acids. The fatty acids also inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, showing that inhibition occurred at a post–TNF-α receptor binding level. The 15-HPETE was found to inhibit the TNF-α–induced increase in adhesion molecule expression in the early stage of the incubation, but expression returned to normal after 18 hours. An effect of 15-HPETE on the early cell signaling system was demonstrated by the ability of this fatty acid to inhibit agonist-induced protein kinase C translocation.
Deficiency of medium chain fatty acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase presenting as the sudden infant death syndrome.
Authors: A J Howat, M J Bennett, S Variend, L Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation: vomissements avec aggravation progressive chez un nourrisson de 18 mois, malaise, infection des voies respiratoires, convulsions et mort au bout de 60 h. L'anatomopathologie suggere d'abord le syndrome de Reye, puis l'examen approfondi montre une deficience enzymatique precise
Improving Safety of Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Using the Scar Dechanneling Technique and the Integration of Anatomy, Scar Components, and Coronary Arteries Into the Navigation System
Authors: Juan Fernández-Armenta, Antonio Berruezo, Jose T. Ortiz-Pérez, Lluis Mont, David Andreu, Csaba Herczku, Tim Boussy, Josep Brugada
Journal: Circulation (2012)
New Partnership Pursues Research on Biosensors
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE IMAGE of Dr Leonard "Bones" McCoy on "Star Trek" diagnosing his patient's condition by waving his tricorder inches from the body is still the stuff of science fiction. But what was once only the product of a screenwriter's imagination has become in recent years a field of serious study. At least 50 US companies are now developing biosensors that can measure one or multiple biological substances. These devices include those that analyze a drop of blood, similar to the home blood glucose tests on the market today; others are implanted in the body to provide continuous, real-time portrayals of biochemistry or drug metabolism; and still others, using an infrared light shone through a finger or earlobe, are as noninvasive as the one used by McCoy. Biosensors of the next generation are expected to be smaller, more portable, more rapid in generating a signal, and in many cases less expensive
The Statistical Method
Authors: Jane Worcester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ARTICLES in the medical literature increasingly present statistical tests of significance. Too frequently one has the feeling that these have been added only after bitter correspondence between the author, the editors and a consulting statistician. Used in this way, tests of significance add little to the report of an investigation. However, if early in the design of the study, the investigator considers, with the help of a statistician if he plans eventually to consult one, the methods that will be used in the analysis of the data, the result is apt to be an improved investigation focused on a specific . . .
A Framework Convention on Global Health
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Health inequalities represent perhaps the most consequential global health challenge and yet they persist despite increased funding and innovative programs. The United Nations is revising the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that will shape the world for many years to come. What would a transformative post-MDG framework for global health justice look like? A global coalition of civil society and academics--the Joint Action and Learning Initiative on National and Global Responsibilities for Health (JALI)--has formed an international campaign to advocate for a Framework Convention on Global Health (FCGH). Recently endorsed by the UN Secretary-General, the FCGH would reimagine global governance for health, offering a new post-MDG vision. This Special Communication describes the key modalities of an FCGH to illustrate how it would improve health and reduce inequalities. The modalities would include defining national responsibilities for the population's health; defining international responsibilities for reliable, sustainable funding; setting global health priorities; coordinating fragmented activities; reshaping global governance for health; and providing strong global health leadership through the World Health Organization.
Response: Re: MLH1 93G&gt;A Promoter Polymorphism and the Risk of Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: S. Raptis, M. Mrkonjic, R. C. Green, D. Daftary, V. Pethe, E. Dicks, B. H. Younghusband, P. S. Parfrey, S. S. Gallinger, J. R. McLaughlin, J. A. Knight, B. Bapat
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)
SQUINT AND ITS TREATMENT.Read before the Meeting of the Illinois State Medical Society, May, 1893.
Authors: WILLIAM H. WILDER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

We understand by squint or strabismus that condition of the eyes in which the visual axis of one deviates from the visual axis of the other, when in a position of fixation upon an object. The normal position of the visual axis is parallel when the eyes are fixed upon a point at an infinite distance, and more or less convergent when fixed upon any object nearer than infinity. Paralysis of any individual or group of the extrinsic muscles of the eye would give rise to a disturbance of this adjustment of the visual axes and cause paralytic strabismus. In this, the movements of the affected eye would be more or less restricted in those directions controlled by paralyzed muscle, and there would be a corresponding deviation of the axis of the eye; while in movements in other directions it would follow the sound eye and the axes would be
Phase II trial of sunitinib for recurrent and progressive atypical and anaplastic meningioma
Authors: Thomas J. Kaley, Patrick Wen, David Schiff, Keith Ligon, Sam Haidar, Sasan Karimi, Andrew B. Lassman, Craig P. Nolan, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Igor Gavrilovic, Andrew Norden, Jan Drappatz, Eudocia Quant Lee, Benjamin Purow, Scott R. Plotkin, Tracy Batchelor, Lauren E. Abrey, Antonio Omuro
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

No proven effective medical therapy for surgery and radiation-refractory meningiomas exists. Sunitinib malate (SU011248) is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, abundant in meningiomas.This was a prospective, multicenter, investigator-initiated single-arm phase II trial. The primary cohort enrolled patients with surgery and radiation-refractory recurrent World Health Organization (WHO) grades II-III meningioma. An exploratory cohort enrolled patients with WHO grade I meningioma, hemangiopericytoma, or hemangioblastoma. Sunitinib was administered at 50 mg/d for days 1-28 of every 42-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the rate of 6-month progression-free survival (PFS6), with secondary endpoints of radiographic response rate, safety, PFS, and overall survival. Exploratory objectives include analysis of tumoral molecular markers and MR perfusion imaging.Thirty-six patients with high-grade meningioma (30 atypical and 6 anaplastic) were enrolled. Patients were heavily pretreated (median number of 5 recurrences, range 2-10). PFS6 rate was 42%, meeting the primary endpoint. Median PFS was 5.2 months (95% CI: 2.8-8.3 mo), and median overall survival was 24.6 months (95% CI: 16.5-38.4 mo). Thirteen patients enrolled in the exploratory cohort. Overall toxicity included 1 grade 5 intratumoral hemorrhage, 2 grade 3 and 1 grade 4 CNS/intratumoral hemorrhages, 1 grade 3 and 1 grade 4 thrombotic microangiopathy, and 1 grade 3 gastrointestinal perforation. Expression of VEGFR2 predicted PFS of a median of 1.4 months in VEGFR2-negative patients versus 6.4 months in VEGFR2-positive patients (P = .005).Sunitinib is active in recurrent atypical/malignant meningioma patients. A randomized trial should be performed.
Quality of Life in a Randomized Trial of Group Psychosocial Support in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Overall Effects of the Intervention and an Exploration of Missing Data
Authors: Louise Bordeleau, John Paul Szalai, Marguerite Ennis, Molyn Leszcz, Michael Speca, Rami Sela, Richard Doll, Harvey M. Chochinov, Margaret Navarro, Andrew Arnold, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Andrea Bezjak, Hilary A. Llewellyn-Thomas, Carol A. Sawka, Pamela J. Goodwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To evaluate the effect of a standardized group psychosocial intervention on health-related quality of life (HrQOL) in women with metastatic breast cancer and to explore the effect of missing data in HrQOL analyses.Between 1993 and 1998, seven Canadian centers randomly assigned 235 eligible women to participate in a weekly, 90-minute, therapist-led support group that adhered to principles of supportive-expressive (SE) therapy or to a control arm (no SE). All women received educational material and any type of medical or psychosocial care deemed necessary. HrQOL data were prospectively collected using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months. The primary HrQOL analyses compared scores in the two study arms. Analyses were limited to women with appropriate baseline HrQOL information (n = 215).Baseline EORTC QLQ-C30 scores were not different between the two study arms (all P >.05). Primary analysis of all subscales failed to show a significant influence of the intervention on HrQOL (all P >.05). There was a significant deterioration over time in several functional scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30: global (P =.03), physical (P =.0002), role (P =.01), and cognitive functioning (P =.04); and in symptom scales: dyspnea (P =.007), appetite loss (P =.04), and fatigue (P =.003); these changes were independent of randomization allocation. Results were similar in additional analyses of overall HrQOL using a variety of approaches to handling missing data.Supportive-expressive group therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer does not appear to influence HrQOL, as measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30.
Transesophageal doppler color flow imaging in the detection of native and Björk-Shiley mitral valve regurgitation
Authors: Meindert A. Taams, Elma J. Gussenhoven, Michael K. Cahalan, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt, Lex A. Van Herwerden, Hong K. The, Nicolaas Bom, Nico de Jong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
The Human Side of <i>Diabetes Care</i>
Authors: Vivian A. Fonseca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

On behalf of our outstanding team of associate editors, I am honored and privileged to report to you the current state of Diabetes Care at the end of the third year of our tenure. The journal continues to enjoy a wide international readership and a high impact factor that allows us to be ranked fourth out of 92 journals in diabetes and endocrinology and tenth out of 100 general medicine journals. Though we are clearly making progress in clinical science, I want to highlight our challenges, particularly in the humanistic aspects of diabetes, as we contribute to the mission of not only finding a cure for the disease but also improving the lives of people with diabetes.

The explosion of interest in the field of diabetes and its comorbidities, along with increased research, has enabled maintenance of the record submission rate established about 2 years ago. This rate seems to have plateaued a bit, perhaps because of frustration with our high rejection rate, which is currently 75%. Regrettably, space constraints often dictate the rejection of many well-done studies, a portion of which the editorial committee is forced to return without external review, thus presenting the difficult task of disappointing authors. I would like to emphasize that this does not mean that the study has not been read internally by our associate editors. The advantage to authors is that they will at least get the “bad news” quickly rather than waiting for several weeks. Having said that, our overall …
A2B receptors mediate the induction of early genes and inhibition of arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation via Epac
Authors: Peter Mayer, Annette Viktoria Hinze, Anja Harst, Ivar von Kügelgen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Extracellular adenosine and adenine nucleotides play important roles in the regulation of the blood vessel tonus and platelet aggregation. Less is known about the effects of these extracellular signalling molecules on gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells involved in long-term vascular effects. In the present study, we therefore searched for adenosine-induced changes in the expression of early genes in cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs).Whole-genome DNA array hybridization revealed that adenosine induced a set of early genes including the nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1/Nur77/TR3). The pattern of the effects of adenosine on gene expression resembles the change in expression induced by the direct activator of adenylate cyclase forskolin. Real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR confirmed that adenosine and its analogue N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine elicited a strong induction of NR4A1. These effects were markedly attenuated by A(2B) receptor antagonists including 8-[4-(4-benzylpiperazide-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylxanthine (PSB-601) and were mimicked by a cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogue [8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyl-cAMP, 8CPT] acting on the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac). Long-term experiments over 5 days showed that 2-chloroadenosine decreased cell proliferation in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor. This effect of 2-chloroadenosine was also attenuated by PSB-601 and mimicked by 8CPT. Treatment with small interfering RNA directed against NR4A1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of 8CPT on proliferation.In summary, our results demonstrate the operation of adenosine A₂(B) receptors mediating an early induction of NR4A1 and a decrease in cell proliferation via the cAMP/Epac pathway in HCASMCs.
Clinical Implications of an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients With Vasospastic Angina and Lethal Ventricular Arrhythmia
Authors: Yuya Matsue, Makoto Suzuki, Mitsuhiro Nishizaki, Rintaro Hojo, Yuji Hashimoto, Harumizu Sakurada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Avascular Necrosis and Erythrocytosis in Sickle-Cell Trait
Authors: Marie M. Keeling, William B. Lockwood, Estus A. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE association of bilateral avascular (aseptic) necrosis of the femoral heads with homozygous hemoglobin S (sickle-cell anemia) and probably more often with hemoglobinopathies SC and S-thalassemia has long been appreciate. 1 2 3 Since 1962, four cases of hemoglobin AS (sickle-cell trait) presumably complicated by this orthopedic problem have been report4 5 6 The white patient described below had hemoglobin AS, bilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral heads, and an unexplained absolute erythrocytosis.MethodsRoutine clinical laboratory and hematologic data obtained by standard technics,7 and total blood volume and red-cell mass were measured by conventional methods using radioiodinated human serum albumin and 51Cr-tagged red cells. . . .
Care in the community is an "unfinished revolution," says think tank
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> We analyze the metabolomes of humans, chimpanzees and macaques in muscle, kidney and three different regions of the brain. Whereas several compounds in amino acid metabolism occur at either higher or lower concentrations in humans than in the other primates, metabolites in oxidative phosphorylation and purine biosynthesis are consistently present in lower concentrations in the brains of humans. In particular, metabolites downstream of adenylosuccinate lyase, which catalyzes two reactions in purine synthesis, occur at lower concentrations in humans. This enzyme carries an amino acid substitution that is present in all humans today but absent in Neandertals. By introducing the modern human substitution into the genomes of mice, as well as the ancestral, Neandertal-like substitution into the genomes of human cells, we show that this amino acid substitution is responsible for much or all of the reduction of <i>de novo</i> synthesis of purines in humans.
Effects of Intravenous Administration of Fibrinolysin (Plasmin) in Man
Authors: KENNETH M. MOSER
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The potentiality of dissolving clots has aroused great interest in fibrinolysin (plasmin) as a therapeutic agent in thromboembolism. In this paper the effects of intravenous administration of purified fibrinolysin in man are reported, with special emphasis upon systemic toxicity and alterations in clotting factors and fibrinolytic activity. This information is necessary for the evaluation of this agent for clinical purposes.
Molecular Diagnosis of Burkitt's Lymphoma
Authors: Sandeep S. Dave, Kai Fu, George W. Wright, Lloyd T. Lam, Philip Kluin, Evert-Jan Boerma, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott, Hans-Konrad Müller-Hermelink, Randy D. Gascoyne, Jan Delabie, Lisa M. Rimsza, Rita M. Braziel, Thomas M. Grogan, Elias Campo, Elaine S. Jaffe, Bhavana J. Dave, Warren Sanger, Martin Bast, Julie M. Vose, James O. Armitage, Joseph M. Connors, Erlend B. Smeland, Stein Kvaloy, Harald Holte, Richard I. Fisher, Thomas P. Miller, Emilio Montserrat, Wyndham H. Wilson, Manisha Bahl, Hong Zhao, Liming Yang, John Powell, Richard Simon, Wing C. Chan, Louis M. Staudt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The distinction between Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma is crucial because these two types of lymphoma require different treatments. We examined whether gene-expression profiling could reliably distinguish Burkitt's lymphoma from diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.Tumor-biopsy specimens from 303 patients with aggressive lymphomas were profiled for gene expression and were also classified according to morphology, immunohistochemistry, and detection of the t(8;14) c-myc translocation.A classifier based on gene expression correctly identified all 25 pathologically verified cases of classic Burkitt's lymphoma. Burkitt's lymphoma was readily distinguished from diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma by the high level of expression of c-myc target genes, the expression of a subgroup of germinal-center B-cell genes, and the low level of expression of major-histocompatibility-complex class I genes and nuclear factor-kappaB target genes. Eight specimens with a pathological diagnosis of diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma had the typical gene-expression profile of Burkitt's lymphoma, suggesting they represent cases of Burkitt's lymphoma that are difficult to diagnose by current methods. Among 28 of the patients with a molecular diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma, the overall survival was superior among those who had received intensive chemotherapy regimens instead of lower-dose regimens.Gene-expression profiling is an accurate, quantitative method for distinguishing Burkitt's lymphoma from diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.
Contribution of the rib cage to breathing in tetraplegia.
Authors: M D Morgan, A R Gourlay, J R Silver, S J Williams, D M Denison
Journal: Thorax (1985)

In tetraplegia there is often paradoxical inward motion of the rib cage during inspiration. The volume of this negative contribution is difficult to estimate but can be obtained by optical mapping. The partitioning of ventilation between the rib cage and abdomen in six normal subjects, 10 stable tetraplegic patients, and one tetraplegic patient at intervals during rehabilitation has been studied by this technique. In normal subjects the tidal volume and the vital capacity were the sum of positive contributions from the rib cage and abdomen. In stable tetraplegic subjects with similar neurological levels, the rib cage contribution varied widely but the total chest wall displacement could not be predicted from the vital capacity. In the patient studied sequentially rib cage paradox reversed with time after injury, and this was associated with an absolute increase in vital capacity and an improvement in the action of the diaphragm.