tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF COLD PRESSOR AND ACETYLCHOLINE DURING ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION ASSESSMENT IN WOMEN WITH NO OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: THE NHLBI-SPONSORED WOMEN&amp;apos;S ISCHEMIA SYNDROME EVALUATION (WISE) STUDY
Authors: R. David Anderson, Puja Mehta, Janet Wei, B. Delia Johnson, John Petersen, Eileen Handberg, Chrisandra Shufelt, Saibal Kar, Bruce Samuels, Babak Azarbal, Kamlesh Kothawade, Sheryl Kelsey, Barry Sharaf, Leslee Shaw, Carl Pepine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Biopsy to exclude malignancy
Authors: R. E. Dale, T. Oke
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The role of biopsy in excluding malignancy as well as confirming diagnosis should be emphasised for lichen sclerosus.1

Although comparatively uncommon, vulval cancer is increasing in incidence, especially in younger women. In the United Kingdom in 2006 over 1000 women were diagnosed with vulval cancer, 15% of them under 50; in 1975, 6% …
Anti-Xa Activity Relates to Survival and Efficacy in Unselected Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Treated With Enoxaparin
Authors: G. Montalescot, J.P. Collet, M.L. Tanguy, A. Ankri, L. Payot, R. Dumaine, R. Choussat, F. Beygui, V. Gallois, D. Thomas
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is recommended in the treatment of unstable angina (UA)/non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), but no relationship has ever been shown between anticoagulation levels obtained with LMWH treatment and clinical outcomes. Methods and Results— In all, 803 consecutive patients with UA/NSTEMI were treated with subcutaneous enoxaparin and were followed up for 30 days. The recommended dose of enoxaparin of 1 mg/kg BID was used throughout the population except when physicians decided on dose reduction because of a history of a recent bleeding event or because of a high bleeding risk. Anti–factor Xa activity was &gt;0.5 IU/mL in 93% of patients; subtherapeutic anti-Xa levels (&lt;0.5 IU/mL) were associated with lower doses of enoxaparin. The 30-day mortality rate was significantly associated with low anti-Xa levels (&lt;0.5 IU/mL), with a &gt;3-fold increase in mortality compared with the patients with anti-Xa levels in the target range of 0.5 to 1.2 IU/mL ( P =0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed low anti-Xa activity as an independent predictor of 30-day mortality at least as strong as age, left ventricular function, and renal function. In contrast, anti-Xa activity did not predict major bleeding complications within the range of anti-Xa levels observed in this study. Conclusions— In this large unselected cohort of patients with UA/NSTEMI patients, low anti-Xa activity on enoxaparin treatment is independently associated with 30-day mortality, which highlights the need for achieving at least the minimum prescribed anti-Xa level of 0.5 IU/mL with enoxaparin whenever possible.
Auto-immune Erythrocyte Sensitization
Authors: A. Zoutendyk, J. Gear
Journal: BMJ (1959)

IC JO UJ IN to infection by sending them to the Radiological Depart- ment.If any manipulations are necessary during radiography-for instance, the passing of a radio-opaque tube in order to diagnose oesophageal atresia-the attending nurse can stand behind the lead screen.In general it is not necessary for a nurse to stand near the child when a picture is taken.
Impaired phagocytic activity of neutrophils in patients receiving haemodialysis: the critical role of iron overload.
Authors: Y Waterlot, B Cantinieaux, C Hariga-Muller, E De Maertelaere-Laurent, J L Vanherweghem, P Fondu
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The metabolic burst (as measured by the spontaneous and stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium tests), the phagocytosis of heat inactivated bakers' yeast and of Staphylococcus aureus, the killing of Staph aureus, and the myeloperoxidase activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were studied in 11 patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis. Of these patients, six were polytransfused and had high serum ferritin concentrations (mean 5940 (SD 2925) micrograms/l; group 1), and five had normal serum ferritin values (mean 171 (116) micrograms/l; group 2). Patients in group 1 had a history of more infectious episodes (0.167 v 0.025 per patient per month) and significantly more genitourinary infections (p = 0.015) than those in group 2. Phagocytosis and myeloperoxidase activity were severely reduced in group 1 but normal in group 2. Percentages of neutrophils ingesting one or more particles together with the index of phagocytosis in patients' serum were inversely correlated with serum ferritin concentrations. Four patients in group 1 were treated with desferrioxamine, and after six to 18 weeks of treatment phagocytosis and myeloperoxidase activity had returned to normal in three of them. These data suggest that in patients receiving haemodialysis iron overload due to multiple transfusions plays an important part in the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to bacterial infections, mediated at least partially through impaired neutrophil function.
Flu vaccinations for school age children in England are cost effective, say experts
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

School age children in the United Kingdom could be offered vaccination against influenza from as early as next year after the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) advised that the programme be extended to children aged 5 to less than 17 years.

In a statement published on 24 July, the committee said that an extension was “highly likely to be cost effective and well within accepted cost effectiveness thresholds.”1

It also recommended that an extended vaccination programme should include low risk children aged 2 to less than …
Electron microscopic studies of Dane particles in hepatocytes with special reference to intracellular development of Dane particles and their relation with HBeAg in serum
Authors: Tomoteru Kamimura, Akira Yoshikawa, Fumihiro Ichida, Hiroshi Sasaki
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Electron microscopic observations in 30 cases of HBsAg positive liver disease and 12 asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg suggested the following mechanism of intracellular development of Dane particles: core particles migrated from the nucleus into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. Intracytoplasmic core particles protruded into the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum by budding the outer coat of Dane particles being derived from the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum. Release of Dane particles into the blood stream by reversed pinocytosis was suggested by the finding of submembranous localization of endoplasmic reticulum containing these particles. No budding from the cell surface of the hepatocytes was encountered. Dane particles in the hepatocytes were detected in 14 of 15 cases positive for serum HBeAg while no particles were seen in 27 HBeAg negative cases, thus suggesting that serum HBeAg reflected ongoing replication of hepatitis B virus in the hepatocytes.
Antiplatelet treatment with ticlopidine in unstable angina. A controlled multicenter clinical trial. The Studio della Ticlopidina nell'Angina Instabile Group.
Authors: F Balsano, P Rizzon, F Violi, D Scrutinio, C Cimminiello, F Aguglia, C Pasotti, G Rudelli
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We conducted a controlled multicenter trial with central randomization and evaluation of events under blind conditions involving 652 patients with unstable angina. Patients were treated either with conventional therapy alone (group C) (n = 338) or with conventional therapy combined with an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, ticlopidine 250 mg b.i.d. (group C + T) (n = 314). Patients were assigned randomly within 48 hours of admission and followed up for 6 months. With the "intention-to-treat" approach, the primary end points, vascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction, were observed in 13.6% of the patients in group C and in 7.3% of the patients in group C + T, which is a reduction in risk of 46.3% (p = 0.009). Vascular mortality was 4.7% in patients in group C and 2.5% in patients in group C + T, which is a reduction in risk of 46.8% (p = 0.139). The risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction was reduced by 46.1% (p = 0.039), with a frequency of 8.9% in patients in group C and 4.8% in patients in group C + T. New Q wave myocardial infarction occurred with a frequency of 6.8% in patients in group C and 3.8% in patients in group C + T, which is a reduction in risk of 44.1% (p = 0.091). Fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction was 10.9% in patients in group C and 5.1% in patients in group C + T, which is a reduction in risk of 53.2% (p = 0.006). These findings confirm the importance of platelets in the pathogenesis of unstable angina and the usefulness of antiplatelet treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events.
The Papanicolaou Test in Elderly Women
Authors: Donald E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Primary care physicians can have a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic malignancy in elderly women. Previous literature on the subject of Papanicolaou tests in the elderly has been confusing to physicians who must decide which screening procedures are appropriate for their patients. The study by Mandelblatt et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journalwill surely be welcome to such physicians. Prospectively evaluating over 800 elderly women, the authors found a prevalence rate for abnormal Papanicolaou smears (ranging from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I to invasive carcinoma) of 16 per 1000 cervices at risk. Of equal importance is the fact that 47% of potential participants either refused to have a Papanicolaou smear or did not keep the follow-up appointment scheduled for that purpose. Nonparticipants, who less frequently reported having had a hysterectomy, appeared to be at greater risk for cervical neoplasia than participants. Also noteworthy is
Prevention of Status Asthmaticus
Authors: CONSTANTINE J. Falliers
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Many lessons can be learned from the instructive article by Scoggin et al on status asthmaticus (238:1158, 1977), not the least of which is the value of prevention compared with the risks of intervention.1In terms of human suffering and of the serious risks involved, as well as of the medical services required and their cost, intensive ventilatory therapy appears as only an unwelcome alternative when everything else fails.  A comparison of the data in this retrospective survey with those from 1,000 consecutive patients seen in private consultation practice2may demonstrate the feasibility and the merits of preventive therapy for asthma. There was not one single case of status asthmaticus (ie, progressive airways obstruction not responding to adrenergic drugs and methylxanthines) requiring assisted ventilation among these 1,000 patients, most of whom had complex allergic respiratory problems, and several of whom were former in-patients in the
New protein could help male subfertility
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The discovery of a new protein may deepen understanding of male subfertility and lead to improvements in in vitro fertilisation techniques. One in six British couples cannot conceive after two years of trying, and male subfertility—which affects more than a fifth of men—is the commonest single cause. A letter to Nature (25 January, p 364) outlines evidence that the new protein, …
Reversal of left ventricular dysfunction after aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation: influence of duration of preoperative left ventricular dysfunction.
Authors: R O Bonow, D R Rosing, B J Maron, C L McIntosh, M Jones, S L Bacharach, M V Green, R E Clark, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Preoperative left ventricular systolic function is an important predictor of postoperative prognosis in patients with aortic regurgitation. Although left ventricular dysfunction is reversible after aortic valve replacement to a greater extent in patients with good preoperative exercise capacity compared with patients with impaired exercise capacity, not all patients with preserved exercise capacity demonstrate improved left ventricular function after aortic valve replacement. To determine the influence of duration of preoperative left ventricular dysfunction on postoperative reversal of left ventricular dysfunction, we studied 37 patients with aortic regurgitation who preoperatively had left ventricular dysfunction, defined as subnormal echocardiographic fractional shortening (less than 29%), and good preoperative exercise capacity, defined as completion of stage I of the NIH treadmill protocol without limiting symptoms. Eight patients were asymptomatic. In 11 patients left ventricular dysfunction was documented 18 to 57 months preoperatively (prolonged); in 10 patients left ventricular dysfunction developed in an interval of 14 months or less preoperatively (brief); in 16 patients duration of left ventricular dysfunction was unknown. Patients with brief vs those with prolonged left ventricular dysfunction did not differ with respect to severity of preoperative symptoms or exercise tolerance, echocardiographically determined left ventricular dimensions or fractional shortening (25 +/- 3% [SD] vs 25 +/- 3%), or radionuclide angiographic ejection fraction (42 +/- 5% vs 42 +/- 5%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Virally induced modulation of murine IgG antibody subclasses.
Authors: J P Coutelier, J T van der Logt, F W Heessen, A Vink, J van Snick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The isotypic distribution of murine IgG was examined after infection with several viruses. The results indicate that when a hypergammaglobulinemia was induced by the infection, it was restricted to the IgG2a and, to a lesser extent, to the IgG2b subclasses. In addition, when mice were infected with some viruses concomitantly with the immunization with a soluble protein antigen, a modification in the isotypic distribution of antiprotein antibodies was observed, with a preferential production of IgG2a. These observations indicate that viral infections can actively influence the switch of Igs and selectively stimulate the production of the IgG2a subclass.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) along with chemotherapy is superior to ATRA alone
Authors: Suresh H. Advani, Reena Nair, Ajay Bapna, Betty Gladstone, Pratibha Kadam, Tapan K. Saikia, Purvish M. Parekh, Ramakrishnan Gopal, Chandrica N. Nair
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

This study was conducted to compare the results of treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid alone (ATRA) or a combination therapy of ATRA followed by chemotherapy. Forty-three patients treated between February 1992 and February 1996 were included in this study. Eighteen patients were treated with ATRA alone and 25 patients were treated with ATRA followed by chemotherapy. The cytogenetic analysis was done in 41 patients at presentation, following treatment, and at follow-up. A complete response (CR) was achieved in 13 (72%) patients on ATRA and 19 (76%) on ATRA followed by chemotherapy. Eleven of 13 patients with response to ATRA alone relapsed with median survival of eight months (range, 1 to 28). One patient died of hepatitis in CR and one patient is alive 2 years after diagnosis. In the combination therapy arm, 10 patients are in CR with a median follow-up of 22 months (range, 6 to 56 months). After achieving a CR, four patients died due to infections during chemotherapy therapy, and only 5 of 19 patients have relapsed. Major cytogenetic response was seen in 8 of the 10 patients in whom cytogenetic data was available after treatment with ATRA at the time of remission. Similarly, 13 of 15 for whom data was available showed a major cytogenetic response after treatment with ATRA plus chemotherapy. Prior to relapse, 80% of the patients had an increase in the percentage of t(15;17) cells in the marrow. Patients with a complete hematological response but no cytogenetic response relapsed within six months. Ten patients died prior to response evaluation. Two patients who received ATRA died of retinoic acid syndrome, one of pneumonia, and one of intracranial hemorrhage. Of the six patients on ATRA and chemotherapy, four died of retinoic acid syndrome (RAS), one of intracranial hemorrhage, and one of left ventricular failure. Only one patient is alive at 24 months following treatment with ATRA alone. The relapse-free survival is 42% at four years for patients treated with ATRA followed by chemotherapy. This trial is a historical comparison of ATRA alone and ATRA with subsequent combination chemotherapy. Nonetheless, the trial shows a significant improvement in the event free survival of patients receiving chemotherapy as consolidation following ATRA. Am. J. Hematol. 60:87–93, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
"CARITOL AND CAROTENE"
Authors: W. O. Frohring
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On page 465 ofThe Journal, August 5, appears a letter of inquiry and your answer under the heading "Caritol and Carotene." The S. M. A. Corporation regrets if it has given the impression that it makes any therapeutic claims for Caritol. While making no claims for Caritol beyond readily verifiable statements about its composition, we have made numerous references to the literature of vitamin A and carotene, a literature that is unusually rich in observations. As producers of carotene, we feel it our duty to bring such new information to the attention of practicing physicians. Shastid's paper offered such revolutionary ideas that it seemed to us important to bring these results to the attention of ophthalmologists. Our object in doing this was to be of service in bringing the published material to the attention of interested specialists and thus to permit the earliest possible evaluation of
Metoclopramide Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Jeffrey M. Karp
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Five patients with tardive dyskinesia (average age, 64 years) were treated with a central dopamine blocking agent, metoclopramide hydrochloride. The duration of symptoms ranged from four to 30 months. A pretreatment disability score was graded (0 to 4) for buccolingual, extremity, and truncal movements and for duration of tongue protrusion. A 59% improvement was achieved in total disability scores. Tongue protrusion demonstrated the most noticeable improvement. The average daily dosage ranged from a minimum of 20 mg to a maximum of 80 mg given in divided doses. Duration of follow-up ranged from three to eight months. Preliminary data suggest that metoclopramide may be effective in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.
Distribution of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in normal human pituitary.
Authors: G Mendelsohn, R D'Agostino, J C Eggleston, S B Baylin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Recent immunohistochemical demonstration of calcitonin in rat pituitary has suggested that calcitonin, in addition to ACTH, endorphins, lipotropins, and melanocyte-stimulating hormones might be derived from a 31,000-dalton glycoprotein percursor molecule. This immunoperoxidase study demonstrates a similar distribution for beta-endorphin and ACTH immunoreactivity in human pituitary; however, the two peptides are not necessarily present in the same cells at all times. Calcitonin could not be demonstrated in human pituitary under conditions suitable for demonstration of the peptide in thyroid C cells. Weakly positive immunostaining could be obtained only with much increase in antiserum concentration and length of incubation, and higher concentrations of calcitonin were needed to abolish staining in preabsorption studies. It thus appears that the immunoreactive calcitonin in human pituitary differs from that in thyroid C cells. Likewise, we could not demonstrate immunoreactive endorphin in any developmental stage of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Our study suggests that caution should be applied in considering a physiologic role for calcitonin in the pituitary and in postulating a common peptide origin for endorphin and calcitonin in humans.
Requirement for CDK6 in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Theresa Placke, Katrin Faber, Atsushi Nonami, Sarah L. Putwain, Helmut R. Salih, Florian H. Heidel, Alwin Krämer, David E. Root, David A. Barbie, Andrei V. Krivtsov, Scott A. Armstrong, William C. Hahn, Brian J. Huntly, Stephen M. Sykes, Michael D. Milsom, Claudia Scholl, Stefan Fröhling
Journal: Blood (2014)
Phase II metabolism of benzene.
Authors: D Schrenk, A Orzechowski, L R Schwarz, R Snyder, B Burchell, M Ingelman-Sundberg, K W Bock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The hepatic metabolism of benzene is thought to be a prerequisite for its bony marrow toxicity. However, the complete pattern of benzene metabolites formed in the liver and their role in bone marrow toxicity are not fully understood. Therefore, benzene metabolism was studied in isolated rodent hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes released benzene-1,2-dihydrodiol, hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CT), phenol (PH), trans-trans-muconic acid, and a number of phase II metabolites such as PH sulfate and PH glucuronide. Pretreatment of animals with 3-methylcholantrene (3-MC) markedly increased PH glucuronide formation while PH sulfate formation was decreased. Likewise, V79 cells transfected with the 3-MC-inducible rat UGT1.6 cDNA showed a considerable rate of PH and HQ glucuronidation. In addition to inducing glucuronidation of phenols, 3-MC treatment (reported to protect rats from the myelotoxicity of benzene) resulted in a decrease of hepatic CYP2E1. In contrast, pretreatment of rats with the CYP2E1-inducer isopropanol strongly enhanced benzene metabolism and the formation of phenolic metabolites. Mouse hepatocytes formed much higher amounts of HQ than rat hepatocytes and considerable amounts of 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (THB) sulfate and HQ sulfate. In conclusion, the protective effect of 3-MC in rats is probably due to a shift from the labile PH sulfate to the more stable PH glucuronide, and to a decrease in hepatic CYP2E1. The higher susceptibility of mice toward benzene may be related to the high rate of formation of the myelotoxic metabolite HQ and the semistable phase II metabolites HQ sulfate and THB sulfate.
Robotic Mitral Valve Replacement for Severe Rheumatic Mitral Disease; Perioperative Technique, Outcomes and Early Results
Authors: Şahin Şenay, Ahmet Ümit Güllü, Muharrem Koçyiğit, Aleks Değirmencioğlu, Leyla Kılıç, Hasan Karabulut, Cem Alhan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Ischemia of the Hand Secondary to Levarterenol Bitartrate Extravasation
Authors: Paul M. Weeks
Journal: JAMA (1966)

LEVARTERENOL (Levophed) bitartrate is a potent vasoconstrictor frequently used in the management of nonhemorrhagic shock. Ischemic necrosis of the skin secondary to extravasation of the drug is a frequent occurrence.<sup>1-4</sup>In the severely ill patient, a paucity of veins may necessitate use of the vessels on the dorsum of the hand for levarterenol infusion. This paper reports two cases of levarterenol extravasation into the dorsum of the hand resulting in complete venous occlusion of the hand and ischemic necrosis of the digits. Complete venous occlusion in these cases resulted from compression of the dorsal and volar venous systems by progressive edema beginning on the dorsum of the hand and spreading into the palmar spaces. A method for reversal of this occlusive process is presented. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> This patient was administered levarterenol while undergoing evacuation of an epidural hematoma. The intravenous fluids infiltrated, and approximately 75 cc