tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chloramphenicol-Associated Blood Dyscrasias
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Chloramphenicol, an effective broad spectrum antibiotic, was introduced in 1948. Only after three years of extensive use did it become evident that this drug was capable of seriously depressing bone marrow activity in rare recipients. It was in response to the delay in recognizing the toxic potentialities of this drug that the American Medical Association established the Registry on Blood Dyscrasias, hoping, among other things, to recognize such effects early when they occurred for other new drugs. The Registry and its study group have since accumulated data on a large number of drugs, have issued periodic tabulations and resumes of cases submitted, and have authored commentaries on various associated problems.1-5During this period, chloramphenicol has been implicated in more reports to the Registry than has any other single drug. It appeared that useful information could be obtained through a more thorough review of Registry reports.  Included in this study
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of fish oil and low-dose UVB in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: A.K. GUPTA, C.N. ELLIS, D.C. TELLNER, T.F. ANDERSON, J.J. VOORHEES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Since eicosanoids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, less potent eicosanoid mediators derived from fish oil might improve psoriasis. Using a double-blind, randomized, parallel design, 18 patients with stable, plaque psoriasis received capsules of either fish oil or identical-appearing placebo olive oil for 15 weeks, with concomitant sub-erythemal UVB in weeks 3 to 11. At the conclusion of phototherapy, and 4 weeks later, patients in the fish oil group had a greater decrease in the total body surface area of psoriasis and more improvement compared to patients in the olive oil group. The improvement in the fish oil group was statistically significantly greater for all parameters compared to the change in the olive oil group. The apparent safety and general health-promoting features of fish oil could provide an ideal adjunctive therapy for psoriasis.
Rheology of Blood in the Microvasculature
Authors: Roe E. Wells
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE flow of blood through the microvasculature is as vital to life as that through the heart and great vessels. Vasomotor control of the circulation is accomplished principally in the arteriolar vessels whereas most of the circulating blood volume is contained within the vessels of the microcirculation. But the bulk of investigative effort directed at the cardiovascular system has been concerned with the heart and major vessels. Why, then, has the rheology of blood within the microvasculature occupied such a quiet position in clinical medicine? One answer may be that the clinician has not commonly related a failure of capillary . . .
Gender, Poverty, and Postnatal Depression: A Study of Mothers in Goa, India
Authors: Vikram Patel, Merlyn Rodrigues, Nandita DeSouza
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: This study described the natural history of depression in mothers who recently gave birth in a low-income country and to investigate the effect of risk factors, particularly related to infant gender bias, on the occurrence and outcome of depression. METHOD: The authors studied a group of pregnant mothers recruited during their third trimester of pregnancy from a district hospital in Goa, India. The mothers were interviewed at recruitment, 6–8 weeks, and 6 months after childbirth. Interview data included presence of antenatal and postnatal depression, obstetric history, economic and demographic characteristics, and gender-based variables (preference for male infant, presence of marital violence). RESULTS: Depressive disorder was detected in 59 (23%) of the mothers at 6–8 weeks after childbirth; 78% of these patients had had clinically substantial psychological morbidity during the antenatal period. More than one-half of the patients remained ill at 6 months after delivery. Economic deprivation and poor marital relationships were important risk factors for the occurrence and chronicity of depression. The gender of the infant was a determinant of postnatal depression; it modified the effect of other risk factors, such as marital violence and hunger. Depressed mothers were more disabled and were more likely to use health services than nondepressed mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal and infant health policies, a priority in low-income countries, must integrate maternal depression as a disorder of public health significance. Interventions should target mothers in the antenatal period and incorporate a strong gender-based component.
Amniotomy in Labor -- How Helpful Is It?
Authors: Valerie M. Parisi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

It would seem that a relatively simple question -- “Does amniotomy have an important effect on the course of labor at term?” -- should be relatively easy to answer, but this has not proved to be the case. The routine use of amniotomy to hasten labor has engendered controversy in the obstetrical community since its introduction into clinical practice by Kreis in 19281. Almost 50 years later, recognition of the role of prostaglandins in both initiating labor and mediating cervical dilatation provided a physiologic basis for the observed effects of amniotomy. The concentration of prostaglandins E2 and F . . .
Potent inhibitory effects of transplantable rat glucagonomas and insulinomas on the respective endogenous islet cells are associated with pancreatic apoptosis.
Authors: N Blume, J Skouv, L I Larsson, J J Holst, O D Madsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Effects of transplantable rat insulinomas (IN) and glucagonomas (GLU) on the endogenous pancreas were analyzed using morphometry, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and staining for apoptotic cells. Hyperinsulinemia (IN-rats) and hyper-GLP-1/glucagonemia (GLU-rats) were both associated with marked islet atrophy (67 and 76% of control average planimetrical islet area, respectively). Selective islet B cell inhibition of proinsulin (I and II) genes as well as of expression of the insulin gene transcription factor, IPF1/STF1, was found in IN-rats. Moreover, these islets were characterized by significant B cells apoptosis in the absence of infiltrating lymphocytes. In GLU-rats selective islet A cell inhibition was observed at the level of glucagon mRNA. These islets contained small, highly condensed but clearly active B cells with prominent IPF1/STF1-positive nuclei, surrounded by densely packed glucagon-negative cells with reduced cytoplasm. Furthermore, an active apoptotic process was found exclusively in the exocrine pancreas of GLU-rats. Thus, in IN-rats, islet B cell mass reduction is distinguished by non-immune-mediated programmed cell death, while GLU-rats exhibit A cell mass reduction by cytoplasmic retraction and selective exocrine apoptosis.
Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune pathogenesis of gastric neoplasias
Authors: G CAMMAROTA
Journal: Gut (2000)

Editor,—We read with great interest the article by Kawahara et al ( Gut 1999; 45 :20–23) reporting the increase of antibody titres to HGC-27 cells in Helicobacter pylori positive patients with mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma when compared with titres in patients with other gastroduodenal diseases and in healthy subjects. Previously, other authors1 showed that antigenic mimicry …
The Physician as Patient Advocate
Authors: Christopher C. Fordham
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prenatally engineered autologous amniotic fluid stem cell-based heart valves in the fetal circulation
Authors: Benedikt Weber, Maximilian Y. Emmert, Luc Behr, Roman Schoenauer, Chad Brokopp, Cord Drögemüller, Peter Modregger, Marco Stampanoni, Divya Vats, Markus Rudin, Wilfried Bürzle, Marc Farine, Edoardo Mazza, Thomas Frauenfelder, Andrew C. Zannettino, Gregor Zünd, Oliver Kretschmar, Volkmar Falk, Simon P. Hoerstrup
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Not Everyone Wants IPV; Opposition Gears Up
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

WITH United States childhood immunization policy leaning toward incorporating an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), the voices of those in disagreement have become louder. To some extent, the protestations reflect a natural antipathy toward a change from the use of a familiar and well-established agent to something relatively unknown. But there are also some substantive issues, including a possible adverse impact on pediatric practice and public health immunization efforts, as well as the need to educate parents and providers about the use of the inactivated vaccine. Similar concerns were raised at a meeting held by the Institute of Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in June at which the topic of using IPV in the immunization schedule was aired (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:12-13). Since then, however, several additional groups have come forward to express concern. There has also developed a potential legal challenge to the authority of the CDC's
Abstract 3842: Methylseleninic acid, a novel potent and selective mutant-p53-rescue drug, reactivates mutant p53 by thiol modification
Authors: Yanfeng Qi, Zubaida R. Saifudeen, Gilbert F. Morris, Brian G. Rowan, Yan Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene constitute the most frequent genetic alteration known in human cancers. The vast majority (∼80%) of the mutations is missense mutations, and the DNA-binding domain is the most frequently mutable region of p53. p53 mutation leads to checkpoint defects, genomic instability, and propagation of cells with genetic damage. Developing therapeutic agents that could directly bind to the mutant p53 and reconstitute p53 function has been intensively pursued and proven to be feasible. However, the challenge remains to develop a drug that specifically reactivates mutant p53 without activating the pro-apoptotic function of wild-type p53 in normal tissues. In the present study, we show that a small-molecule drug, methylseleninic acid (CH3SeO2H, MSA), can selectively reactivate mutant p53 to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. MSA can be used at a concentration at least one order of magnitude lower than that of other mutant-p53-rescue agents to achieve the same p53-reactivating and growth-inhibitory effects. MSA reduces redox-active free thiols in mutant p53 without the requirement of other proteins, potentially through forming adducts with thiols in mutant p53. The modification restores wild-type conformation to mutant p53, leading to increased DNA binding and transactivation as well as expression of growth-suppressive and pro-apoptotic target genes in both cultured cancer cells and an orthotopic tumor model. Although MSA also redox modifies recombinant wild-type p53, the modification does not lead to the induction of growth-suppressive or pro-apoptotic target genes in normal fibroblasts. Instead, the expression of p53-regulated DNA-repair genes is significantly induced in normal fibroblasts, suggesting that MSA may selectively modify p53 for DNA repair or apoptosis depending on the level of endogenous or exogenous DNA damage. Our findings, therefore, demonstrate the effectiveness and selectivity of MSA as a novel potent mutant-p53-rescue drug. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3842. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3842
Consensus Dutch Health Assessment Questionnaire
Authors: M Boers, J W G Jacobs, T P M van Vliet Vlieland, P L C M van Riel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

The questionnaire most frequently used worldwide to measure physical disability in rheumatic diseases is the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Index.1 In 2001, the Nijmegen group published a quite literal Dutch translation of the questionnaire2 to replace their version of 1990.3 Two other translations exist: from Leiden (1984)4 and Utrecht (Vragenlijst Dagelijks Functioneren, 1990).5 All translations have been validated to some extent and have seen extensive use, coexisting in parallel without any major problems.

Unfortunately, the 2001 Dutch HAQ did not replace the other versions. This is not unique to The Netherlands and may be inconsequential,6 but using …
Hypercalcemia and Disseminated Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: GARY P. ZALOGA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and disseminated cytomegalovirus infection developed hypercalcemia associated with suppressed parathyroid gland activity. Neither patient had evidence of a malignant, endocrinologic, granulomatous, or drug-related cause for hypercalcemia. Increased osteoclastic bone resorption induced by cytomegalovirus or human T-lymphotropic virus III infection may have been the cause for the hypercalcemia. Physicians should be alert for the occurrence of endocrinologic and metabolic problems in immunosuppressed patients.
General practitioners' knowledge of their patients' psychosocial problems: multipractice questionnaire survey
Authors: P. Gulbrandsen, P. Hjortdahl, P. Fugelli
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate general practitioners9 knowledge of a range of psychosocial problems among their patients and to explore whether doctors9 recognition of psychosocial problems depends on previous general knowledge about the patient or the type of problem or on certain characteristics of the doctor or the patient. <b>Design:</b> Multipractice survey of consecutive adult patients consulting general practitioners. Doctors and patients answered written questions. <b>Setting:</b> Buskerud county, Norway. <b>Subjects:</b> 1401 adults attending 89 general practitioners during one regular working day in March 1995. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Doctors9 knowledge of nine predefined psychosocial problems in patients; these problems were assessed by the patients as affecting their health on the day of consultation; odds ratios for the doctor9s recognition of each problem, adjusted for characteristics of patients, doctors, and practices; and the doctor9s assessment of previous general knowledge about the patient. <b>Results:</b> Doctors9 knowledge of the problems ranged from 53% (108/203) of "stressful working conditions9 to 19% (12/63) of a history of "violence or threats." Good previous knowledge of the patient increased the odds for the doctor9s recognition of "sorrow," "violence or threats," "substance misuse in close friend or relative," and "difficult conflict with close friend or relative." Age and sex of doctor and patient, patient9s educational level and living situation, and location of practice influenced the doctor9s awareness. <b>Conclusions:</b> Variation in the patients9 communication abilities, the need for confidence in the doctor-patient relationship before revealing intimate problems, and a tendency for the doctors to be entrapped by their expectations may explain these findings. <h3>Key messages</h3> At least one third of patients in general practice have psychosocial problems that they perceive as influencing their present health General practitioners recognise a fifth to a half of these problems, depending on the type of problem, previous general knowledge of the patient, and sociodemographic characteristics of the patient Variation in the patients9 wishes and abilities to communicate, the need for confidence in the doctor-patient relationship before revealing intimate problems, and a tendency for doctors to be entrapped by their expectations may be some reasons for these findings
Attenuated prostaglandin formation in peroxisomal-deficient human skin fibroblasts.
Authors: J A Gordon, L J Warnock, A A Spector
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Peroxisomal-deficient skin fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger's syndrome or infantile Refsum's disease produced fewer prostaglandins than normal skin fibroblasts. Radioimmunoassay indicated a 45-55% decrease in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production when Zellweger's fibroblasts were incubated with arachidonic acid. This deficiency was not overcome by pretreatment of the Zellweger's fibroblasts with media containing arachidonic acid, and it was not due to channeling of arachidonic acid into other eicosanoid products. Modifications in the peroxide tone of the Zellweger's fibroblasts by addition of H2O2 or catalase failed to increase PGE2 production. Using Northern analysis, we were unable to detect an mRNA transcript for PGH synthase in unstimulated Zellweger fibroblasts but identified a 4.2-kb mRNA transcript after treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Treatment for 6 h with 10 nM PMA raised PGE2 production in normal and Zellweger fibroblasts to equivalent levels. These increases were prevented by addition of H-7, staurosporine, cycloheximide, or actinomycin D. Our findings suggest that the reduced PGE2 production in peroxisomal deficient fibroblasts is due to a decrease in PGH synthase mRNA. The reduction in PGH synthase can be overcome by treatment of the cells with agents which enhance gene expression.
Testing for changes in troponin over first hour speeds up detection of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Testing blood for high sensitivity cardiac troponin T when patients with suspected myocardial infarction (MI) arrive at hospital and monitoring any changes over the first hour can accurately detect who has had a heart attack and who has not, a multicentre European study has found, which could accelerate decisions on management.

The study, reported in the Canadian Medical Association Journal ,1 enrolled 1320 patients presenting with suspected acute MI to emergency departments at six centres in Italy, Spain, and Switzerland.

The patients were all tested with the high sensitivity cardiac …
P-Glycoprotein — A Marker of Cancer-Cell Behavior
Authors: Herbert M. Pinedo, Giuseppe Giaccone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Resistance to a broad array of cytotoxic drugs — multidrug resistance — is thought to be a major reason chemotherapy fails to cure most cancers. Multidrug resistance has been studied intensively since the human MDR1 gene was identified almost 10 years ago.1 Increased levels of the MDR1 product, called P-glycoprotein, are often associated in vitro with reduced intracellular concentrations of several anticancer drugs derived from plants, such as anthracyclines (e.g., doxorubicin), epipodophyllotoxins (e.g., etoposide), vinca alkaloids (e.g., vincristine), dactinomycin, and paclitaxel. When cells are grown in increasing concentrations of one of these cytotoxic drugs, populations of cells that overexpress the . . .
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy After Arthroscopy
Authors: THOMAS LEITHA, ANTON STAUDENHERZ, VERONIKA FIALKA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a pain syndrome of unknown cause with well-defined clinical features that usually develop after minor or major trauma of a limb. Clinical symptoms include pain, swelling, changes in surface temperature, and an impairment of physical force and mobility. Among other trauma, arthroscopic procedures are known to precipitate RSD. In some patients, making differential diagnoses of complications after arthroscopy and RSD can be difficult based on clinical data. Multiphase bone scintigraphy is exceptionally useful in this setting, because the scintigraphic abnormalities in RSD, in contrast to all other differential diagnoses, are not limited to the site of the trauma and usually affect the entire extremity. This is fully illustrated by the case of a 45-year-old man in whose knee joint burning pain developed 1 week after an initially uncomplicated knee arthroscopy. The findings of initial scans and follow-up results during therapy are described.
Administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Effects on indexes of cellular immune status and serum rheumatoid factor levels
Authors: J. S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We have previously reported that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIAs) stimulate cellular immune responses and inhibit production of IgM rheumatoid factor in cultures of lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We had 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis stop taking NSAIAs for two weeks and then take piroxicam, a new NSAIA, for an additional ten weeks to assess the in vivo effects of NSAIAs on cellular immunity and rheumatoid factor levels. In each case, serum rheumatoid factor levels rose and phytohemagglutinin response fell when placebo was substituted for NSAIAs. Piroxicam administration was associated with a fall in rheumatoid factor levels to approximately 62% of the baseline level and with an increase in phytohemagglutinin response. The action of NSAIAs in rheumatoid arthritis may be mediated to a degree by partial correction of the disordered immunoregulation in this disease.
Alterations in Insulin Absorption and in Blood Glucose Control Associated with Varying Insulin Injection Sites in Diabetic Patients
Authors: VElKKO A. KOIVISTO, PHILIP FELIG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

In seven insulin-dependent diabetic subjects the disappearance rate of 125I-labelled short-acting insulin from injection sites in the abdominal wall was 86% greater than from the leg (P < 0.005) and 30% greater than from the arm (P < 0.05). Absorption from the arm was 40% greater than from the leg (P < 0.05). The postprandial rise in plasma glucose concentration varied inversely with the rate of insulin absorption and was 30 to 50 mg/dL less after abdominal than after leg injection; the glycemic response after arm injection was intermediate between that after leg and abdominal injection. These results indicate that changing the insulin injection site from the leg to the abdomen or arm accelerates the absorption of insulin and diminishes the postprandial rise in plasma glucose. Varying insulin injection sites within the same anatomic region rather than between different regions may diminish daily variations in insulin absorption and in metabolic control in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
LATE AND VERY LATE DRUG-ELUTING STENT MALAPPOSITION: A SERIAL TWO YEAR QUANTITATIVE IVUS ANALYSIS
Authors: Kang Soo-Jin, Gary S. Mintz, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Ki-Hoon Han, Jae-Joong Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)