tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid composition of plasma lipoproteins in control subjects and in patients with malabsorption
Authors: T. Shimoyama, H. Kikuchi, M. Press, G. R. Thompson
Journal: Gut (1973)

The fatty acid composition of cholesterol (cholesteryl) ester, triglyceride, and lecithin has been investigated in whole plasma and individual lipoproteins of healthy control subjects, of patients with malabsorption, and also of patients without malabsorption. The results show a decreased proportion of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid in all three lipid classes in both groups of patients as compared with the healthy controls. This abnormality was more marked in the malabsorbers, especially those with steatorrhoea secondary to intestinal resection. Unequivocal biochemical evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency, as indicated by the appearance of 5, 8, 11 eicosatrienoic acid in plasma lecithin, was observed in two patients, both of whom had undergone major intestinal resections. The results suggest that intestinal resection predisposes to the development of essential fatty acid deficiency.
What Is Lost
Authors: Peter Pereira
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MAPK Signal-integrating Kinase Controls Cap-independent Translation and Cell Type-specific Cytotoxicity of an Oncolytic Poliovirus
Authors: Christian Goetz, Richard G Everson, Linda C Zhang, Matthias Gromeier
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Many animal viruses exhibit proficient growth in transformed cells, a property that has been harnessed for the development of novel therapies against cancer. Despite overwhelming evidence for this phenomenon, understanding of the molecular mechanisms enabling tumor-cell killing is rudimentary for most viruses. We report here that growth and cytotoxicity of the prototype oncolytic poliovirus (PV), PVSRIPO, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is promoted by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) converging on the MAPK signal-integrating kinase 1 (Mnk1) and its primary substrate, the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E. Inducing Mnk1-catalyzed eIF4E phosphorylation through expression of oncogenic Ras substantially enhanced PVSRIPO translation, replication, and cytotoxicity in resistant cells. This effect was mimicked by expression of constitutively active forms of Mnk1 and correlated with enhanced translation of subgenomic reporter RNAs. Our findings implicate Mnk1 activity in stimulation of PVSRIPO cap-independent translation, an effect that can be synergistically enhanced by inhibition of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K).
Spontaneous rupture of spleen.
Authors: A Grech
Journal: BMJ (1971)

our findings are not peculiar to Newcastle for the same high incidence of jejunal mucosal abnormalities has been found in large series from London4ll15 and Glasgow"6 and several cases have been reported from the Netherlands,'7 Canada,3 and the U.S. A.18 This means that all patients with dermatitis herpetiformis should be investiga- ted for coeliac disease solely on the grounds that they have dermatitis herpetiformis.The evidence is now so unequivocal that the day may not be far off when any of us may be called to answer a charge of negligence if we omit this essential investigation.-Weare, etc.,
Glaucoma Gene Mapped to Chromosome 1
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A YOUNG man with glaucoma came into the clinic 5 years ago with five generations of his family tree sketched out on a yellow legal pad. It was checkered with relatives who also suffered an especially early and severe form of the disease. That, says Edwin M. Stone, MD, PhD, is what led to discovery of the first marker for a glaucoma gene. Stone and his colleagues found the marker on chromosome 1 (<i>Nature Genetics</i>. 1993;4:47-50). They analyzed genetic blood tests on 37 members of the young man's family in Illinois and Iowa, 22 of them affected with a severe form of open-angle glaucoma that does not respond to drops, pills, or laser treatment. "This family can now with 99% accuracy tell whether somebody got the disease-causing gene, and in this family if you get the gene, you have a 99% chance of developing severe glaucoma by the time you're
Merit Awards for Family Doctors
Authors: I. G. McIntyre
Journal: BMJ (1966)

What I would suggest would be: (1) a standard capitatien fee (or remuneration) at entry and for the first five years (the " basic " fee).(2) A 10%/ increase after five years of service.(3) A further 10% (of the basic) increase each five years thereafter, so that after 25 years' service the general practitioner was on a maximum of 150% of the basic rate.This I feel would be the fairest way of arranging things all round.It would at least, to a certain extent, look after the general practitioner who was beginning to "feel his years," and also one living in an area where the population was tending to diminish.-Iam, etc.,
Inhibition and Role of let-7d in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Kusum V. Pandit, David Corcoran, Hanadie Yousef, Manohar Yarlagadda, Argyris Tzouvelekis, Kevin F. Gibson, Kazuhisa Konishi, Samuel A. Yousem, Mandal Singh, Daniel Handley, Thomas Richards, Moises Selman, Simon C. Watkins, Annie Pardo, Ahmi Ben-Yehudah, Demosthenes Bouros, Oliver Eickelberg, Prabir Ray, Panayiotis V. Benos, Naftali Kaminski
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and usually lethal fibrotic lung disease characterized by profound changes in epithelial cell phenotype and fibroblast proliferation.To determine changes in expression and role of microRNAs in IPF.RNA from 10 control and 10 IPF tissues was hybridized on Agilent microRNA microarrays and results were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. SMAD3 binding to the let-7d promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, luciferase assays, and reduced expression of let-7d in response to transforming growth factor-beta. HMGA2, a let-7d target, was localized by immunohistochemistry. In mice, let-7d was inhibited by intratracheal administration of a let-7d antagomir and its effects were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and morphometry.Eighteen microRNAs including let-7d were significantly decreased in IPF. Transforming growth factor-beta down-regulated let-7d expression, and SMAD3 binding to the let-7d promoter was demonstrated. Inhibition of let-7d caused increases in mesenchymal markers N-cadherin-2, vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) as well as HMGA2 in multiple epithelial cell lines. let-7d was significantly reduced in IPF lungs and the number of epithelial cells expressing let-7d correlated with pulmonary functions. HMGA2 was increased in alveolar epithelial cells of IPF lungs. let-7d inhibition in vivo caused alveolar septal thickening and increases in collagen, ACTA2, and S100A4 expression in SFTPC (pulmonary-associated surfactant protein C) expressing alveolar epithelial cells.Our results indicate a role for microRNAs in IPF. The down-regulation of let-7d in IPF and the profibrotic effects of this down-regulation in vitro and in vivo suggest a key regulatory role for this microRNA in preventing lung fibrosis. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00258544).
Thiazide Diuretics and the Risk of Hip Fracture
Authors: David T. Felson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Thiazide diuretics may preserve bone mass and prevent elderly women's osteopenic fractures, but studies have not distinguished between thiazide preparations or examined former users. We performed a case-control study looking at thiazide use and subsequent hip fracture in postmenopausal female members of the Framingham Study cohort. Cases who had experienced a first hip fracture (n = 176) were compared with age-matched controls (n = 672). Results showed a modest protective effect of any recent thiazide use (not significant). However, recent pure thiazide users experienced significant protection against fracture (adjusted odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.11 to 0.88), whereas recent users of combination drugs containing thiazides experienced no protection (adjusted odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 3.05). Combination drugs generally contained only 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide, suggesting that the small amount of thiazide was insufficient to preserve bone mass. Former thiazide users were not protected against fracture. In sum, recent pure thiazide use in women protects against hip fracture.
Stress-induced premature senescence mediated by a novel gene, SENEX, results in an anti-inflammatory phenotype in endothelial cells
Authors: Paul R. Coleman, Christopher N. Hahn, Matthew Grimshaw, Ying Lu, Xiaochun Li, Peter J. Brautigan, Konstanze Beck, Roland Stocker, Mathew A. Vadas, Jennifer R. Gamble
Journal: Blood (2010)
A New Immunostain Algorithm Classifies Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma into Molecular Subtypes with High Accuracy
Authors: William W.L. Choi, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Timothy C. Greiner, Miguel A. Piris, Alison H. Banham, Jan Delabie, Rita M. Braziel, Huimin Geng, Javeed Iqbal, Georg Lenz, Julie M. Vose, Christine P. Hans, Kai Fu, Lynette M. Smith, Min Li, Zhongfeng Liu, Randy D. Gascoyne, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott, Lisa M. Rimsza, Elias Campo, Elaine S. Jaffe, David L. Jaye, Louis M. Staudt, Wing C. Chan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Hans and coworkers previously developed an immunohistochemical algorithm with ∼80% concordance with the gene expression profiling (GEP) classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into the germinal center B-cell–like (GCB) and activated B-cell–like (ABC) subtypes. Since then, new antibodies specific to germinal center B-cells have been developed, which might improve the performance of an immunostain algorithm. Experimental Design: We studied 84 cases of cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone (CHOP)–treated DLBCL (47 GCB, 37 ABC) with GCET1, CD10, BCL6, MUM1, FOXP1, BCL2, MTA3, and cyclin D2 immunostains, and compared different combinations of the immunostaining results with the GEP classification. A perturbation analysis was also applied to eliminate the possible effects of interobserver or intraobserver variations. A separate set of 63 DLBCL cases treated with rituximab plus CHOP (37 GCB, 26 ABC) was used to validate the new algorithm. Results: A new algorithm using GCET1, CD10, BCL6, MUM1, and FOXP1 was derived that closely approximated the GEP classification with 93% concordance. Perturbation analysis indicated that the algorithm was robust within the range of observer variance. The new algorithm predicted 3-year overall survival of the validation set [GCB (87%) versus ABC (44%); P &amp;lt; 0.001], simulating the predictive power of the GEP classification. For a group of seven primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, the new algorithm is a better prognostic classifier (all “GCB”) than the Hans' algorithm (two GCB, five non-GCB). Conclusion: Our new algorithm is significantly more accurate than the Hans' algorithm and will facilitate risk stratification of DLBCL patients and future DLBCL research using archival materials. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17):5494–502)
Gastric Dilatation Observed on Radionuclide Studies Spherical Approximation and Effective Wall Thickness
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER, NAILA KAYANI, MOZAFAREDDIN K. KARIMEDDINI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Radionuclide studies often define the gastric contents as a photopenic volume. In many cases, the volume can be described by a spherical approximation, which allows a first approach to calculating the volume and monitoring its change. With the further assumption that the stomach wall is a sphere surrounding the contents, the effective thickness of the gastric wall can be determined. This thickness is approximately 0.4–4 mm.
Abstract P5-18-25: Bispecific Fynomer-antibody fusion proteins targeting two epitopes on HER2
Authors: D Grabulovski, S Brack, I Toller, F Mourlane, J Bertschinger
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Fynomers are small binding proteins (7 kDa) derived from the human SH3 domain of Fyn kinase. They can be engineered to yield specific and high-affinity binding domains to target proteins of interest. In the past, we have isolated Fynomers with excellent physico-chemical properties binding to 16 different antigens. One important application of the Fynomer technology represents the genetic fusion of a Fynomer to an antibody to provide bispecific fusion proteins with enhanced activity compared to the unmodified antibody. Method: Using phage display technology we have isolated Fynomers binding to an epitope on HER2 which is different from the epitopes recognized by trastuzumab and pertuzumab. After genetic fusion of the HER2 binding Fynomers to pertuzumab the resulting bispecific fusion proteins were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their antitumoral activity. Results: The fusion of Fynomers to pertuzumab did not alter the favorable biophysical properties of pertuzumab: First, the Fynomer-antibody fusion proteins could be purified with the same high yields from the supernatant of transiently transfected CHO cells as the unmodified antibody pertuzumab (in the range of 100 mg/L). Second, the purified fusion proteins were monomeric and showed no signs of aggregation even after four months of storage at 4 °C or −20 °C in PBS as determined by size exclusion chromatography. Third, the fusion of Fynomers to antibodies did not alter their Fc-mediated effector functions. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was maintained, and the affinity to the neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn) was similar as observed for pertuzumab. In addition, the bispecific Fynomer-antibody fusion proteins demonstrated excellent growth inhibition of tumor cells in vitro compared to pertuzumab and trastuzumab. In particular, the most potent molecule COVA208 exhibited impressive efficacy in vivo in tumor xenograft mouse models. Conclusion: These encouraging preclinical results indicate that the bispecific Fynomer-antibody fusions have highly promising properties with a great potential for further preclinical and clinical development, both alone and in combination with trastuzumab. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-25.
Paediatric aspects of the early discharge of maternity patients.
Authors: M. W. Arthurton, F. N. Bamford
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Planned early discharge of mothers and babies from St. Luke's Maternity Hospital, Bradford, has been taking place since 1958.The purpose of this paper is to describe the effect it has had on child health in the city, and, in particular, to consider its safety and acceptability from a paediatric point of view.Theobald (1959, 1962) depicted the form and purpose of the "Bradford experiment," and Douglas et al. ( 1961) have pub- lished the results of the scheme from its inception until the end of 1960.The results of early discharge elsewhere have been described by Hellman et al. (1962) and Pinker and Fraser (1964).Our review covers a period of seven years from January 1959 to December 1965, during which time 9,718 babies were discharged within 72 hours of birth.It is believed that up to the present this represents the greatest numerical experience of planned early discharge in Great Britain.The survey does not include babies taken home early against advice or those discharged to other units, nor to areas outside the city boundary.Full responsibility for neonatal care was accepted by the paediatric department in August 1962.Case 3.-Perforated caecum with peritonitis: normal delivery; third child; birth weight 7 lb. 4 oz.(3,290 g.).Discharged by obstetric house-surgeon at age 29 hours.Vomited blood on the second day; readmitted on the fifth day because of persistent vomiting.Immediate laparotomy with exteriorization of caecum and peritoneal drainage; died five hours later.Case 4.-Ventricular septal defect: normal delivery; third child; birth weight 8 lb. 5 oz.(3,770 g.).Discharged by obstetric 4 5-V) co
Long-Acting Sulfonamides In Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Ian M. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  The article in which Dr. Seneca has given his personal commentary upon long-acting sulfonamides ( 198 :975, 1966) unfortunately incorporates a digressive and what I believe to be an unjustified sideswipe at nitrofurantoin. Dr. Seneca's categorical statement, Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) cannot be used for longer than two weeks, is completely at variance with our experience with literally hundreds of patients who have taken nitrofurantoin regularly for months or years, with no untoward reaction.  I feel that some documentation should have been offered to provide verification of his statement, since so very valuable a medication for long-term suppression of bacilluria should not receive publicity which might keep it from being employed by physicians new to the problems in the treatment of stubborn urinary tract infections.
Work and mental health in the UK
Authors: M. Henderson, I. Madan, M. Hotopf
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A case of could do better 

Psychiatric disorders are the most important cause of absence due to sickness and receipt of health related benefits in the United Kingdom.1 Recipients stay on benefits longer and have worse employment outcomes than those with physical disorders.2 An alarming employment gap now exists—the rate of employment in people with common mental disorders is half that of people without a psychiatric disorder, and this figure is a quarter in those with more “severe” illnesses, such as schizophrenia.2

In 2012 the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) published Sick on the Job , a substantial and important review of the challenge posed by psychiatric disorders across its member states.3 A series of reports on how individual member countries are meeting these challenges has followed. The UK report on mental health and work, published in February 2014,2 draws on data provided by the Department for Work and Pensions, the psychiatric morbidity survey, the OECD’s Eurostat labour market programme database, and Eurobarometer. It estimates that psychiatric disorders cost the UK economy £70bn (€83.8bn; $115.9bn; 4.5% gross domestic product) a year. Although the UK is more aware of the impact of psychiatric disorders on employment than most OECD countries, much remains …
The importance of government policies in reducing employment related health inequalities
Authors: J. Benach, C. Muntaner, H. Chung, O. Solar, V. Santana, S. Friel, T. A. Houweling, M. Marmot
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Reducing the health inequalities associated with employment conditionsFair and efficient government policies on labour and welfare can reduce health inequalities that accompany poor employment conditions and unemployment, explain Joan Benach and colleagues A banker made redundantChina's mines: the deadliest in the world Child labour: an Indian girl scavenges for coal
SINUS THROMBOSIS.A REPORT OF TWO CASES, WITH MASKED SYMPTOMS.
Authors: HILL HASTINGS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In presenting these two cases of sinus thrombosis, I desire to call special attention to the following points: The thrombosis in each case, although of otitic origin, was masked by the symptoms of the other diseases,—in the first case by coexisting typhoid; and, in the second case, by a history of malaria. The so-called classical symptoms of sinus thrombosis, namely,—chills, fever and sweats, were not present in either case. The thrombosis in each case was suspected by certain irregularities in the history which led to uncovering and carefully examining the sinus, after the mastoid ablation. The thrombosis was demonstrated in the first case by purposely opening an apparently normal sinus. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —E. H., a sailor aged 38, was admitted to the Los Angeles Infirmary Feb. 21, 1904, with a temperature of 104.2 and the general symptoms and signs of typhoid fever. <h3>History.</h3> —The course of the disease after the
Abstract 3774: Congenital abnormalities and hepatoblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group (COG)
Authors: Logan G. Spector, Susan E. Puumala, Gail E. Tomlinson, Michael K. Georgieff, Mark Krailo, Julie A. Ross
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare pediatric tumor which comprises the majority of liver cancer in children. Previous research has established that Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) predispose to HB, but information on its association with isolated congenital abnormalities is sparse. We examined data from a case-control study of HB conducted through the Children's Oncology Group (COG). Cases were diagnosed by COG institutions during 2000-2008 and controls were recruited from state birth registries, frequency matched for sex, region, year of birth, and low birth weight (a strong risk factor for HB). Data on congenital abnormalities among subjects and covariates were obtained by maternal telephone interview. There were 359 cases and 372 controls included in this analysis, which comprises approximately 90% of the final sample. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) describing the association between congenital abnormalities with HB, adjusted for birth weight and sex, were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Twelve cases were reported to have BWS and 4 to have FAP, while no controls had either condition; further analyses excluded abnormalities among children with these syndromes to better examine isolated defects. There was a significant association of HB with kidney, bladder, or sex organ abnormalities (OR = 4.22; 95% CI: 1.57-11.29) which appeared to be specific to kidney/bladder defects (OR = 5.24; 95% CI: 1.40-19.59) but not those of sex organs (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 0.45-5.55). Elevated but non-significant ORs were found for spina bifida or other spinal defects (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 0.40-14.07), large or multiple birthmarks (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.97-2.76). No significant associations of cleft lip or palate, Down syndrome or other numerical chromosomal anomalies, microcephaly, or rib abnormalities, although &amp;lt;4 subjects were reported to have each of these defects, precluding precise estimation of ORs. These results confirm the previously noted associations of HB with BWS and FAP, and further suggest a novel association with kidney/bladder abnormalities. Supported by NIH CA111355, and the Children's Cancer Research Fund, Minneapolis, MN. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3774.