tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF FLUIDS ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUSLY IN MAN. IV. THE LUNG VOLUME AND PULMONARY DYNAMICS
Authors: M. D. Altschule, D. R. Gilligan, N. Zamcheck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1942)

Earlier studies from this laboratory (1, 2, 3) have shown that the intravenous administration of 500 to 1500 cc. of fluids, at rates ranging from 9 to 125 cc. per minute, results in appreciable increases in plasma and blood volumes.Significant changes in cardiovascular dynamics did not occur at rates of injection under 20 cc. per minute; administration of fluids intravenously at faster rates resulted in rises in venous pressure and cardiac output, slight increases in pulse rate and pulse pressure, and, in some experiments, accel- eration of the velocity of blood flow.Acceleration of blood flow usually occurred (2) when 500 to 600 cc. of fluid were given intravenously, at rates of 20 to 30 cc. per minute; infusions given in larger volume or at more rapid rates caused un- expectedly small increases, or even transitory de- creases, in the velocity of blood flow.It was therefore believed that transitory increase in the amount of blood in the lungs may have occurred under these circumstances.Studies of respiratory dynamics were made (2) in several patients who received 400 to 1000 cc. of fluid intravenously, at rates of between 11 and 36 cc. per minute; no changes were found in respiratory rate or minute volume, tidal air, or vital capacity.However, it was apparent that additional studies of respiratory dynamics should be made after larger infusions, given more rapidly; accordingly, measurements of respiratory dynamics and of the various subdivi- sions of the lung volume have been made in sub- jects receiving 1800 cc. of fluid intravenously, at rates of between 39 and 185 cc. per minute. MATERIAL AND METHODSSix subjects, ranging in age from 18 to 44 years, were used in this study; one (case 5) was female.None had evidence of any abnormality of the cardiovascular or respiratory systems.All received 1800 cc. of isotonic saline solution intravenously, at rates ranging between 39 and 185 cc. per minute.The subdivisions of the lung
Major Response to Imatinib Mesylate in <i>KIT</i>-Mutated Melanoma
Authors: F. Stephen Hodi, Philip Friedlander, Christopher L. Corless, Michael C. Heinrich, Suzanne Mac Rae, Andrea Kruse, Jyothi Jagannathan, Annick D. Van den Abbeele, Elsa F. Velazquez, George D. Demetri, David E. Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

two primary malignancies that originated outside of the CNS.In addition, this is the first reported case of a synchronous malignant melanoma and a small-cell lung cancer metastasizing to the same anatomic location.This case illustrates the necessity of proper pathologic evaluation in a brain lesion assumed to be a metastasis.In this case, had the patient's performance status improved after her motor vehicle accident, she would have been offered systemic chemotherapy for her extensive-stage smallcell lung cancer, which can markedly improve survival, even in advanced disease.If this brain lesion had proven to be solely melanoma, it is unlikely that any systemic treatment would have been offered.
Dermatological Teaching Slides
Authors: JOHN W. WEISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 January 1974Dermatological Teaching SlidesJOHN W. WEISS, M.D., FREDERICK D. MALKINSON, M.D.JOHN W. WEISS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FREDERICK D. MALKINSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-1-121_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Task Force on Learning Resources of the National Program for Dermatology has prepared a collection of clinical dermatologie teaching slides. The first set of 50 slides, representing 31 disorders, on "Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Diseases," is now available. The fee for these slides is $35, plus handling and postage charges. Interested persons can obtain this set directly from the Institute for Dermatologie Communication and Education at 2785 Jackson Street, San Francisco, California, 94115. Billings for the slide sets will be made directly by the Institute after orders have been placed in the mail.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Task Force on Learning Resources National Program for Dermatology PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1974Volume 80, Issue 1Page: 121-121KeywordsDermatologySystemic diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Succinylcholine: A New Approach to Muscular Relaxation in Anesthesiology
Authors: Francis F. Foldes, Pearl G. McNall, Jose M. Borrego-Hinojosa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IT IS generally accepted that the ideal muscle relaxant should have specificity and rapid onset of action, readily controllable intensity, wide margin between muscular relaxation and respiratory arrest and rapid and complete recovery after the cessation of its administration. The agents hitherto employed for the production of muscular relaxation in surgical anesthesia all fell short of the above requirements. Depending on the agent used, three to eight minutes were required for the development of maximal effect.1 2 3 There was more or less marked respiratory depression with all agents, and in a certain percentage of patients adequate muscular relaxation could not be . . .
Diabetologists' Judgments of Diabetic Control: Reliability and Mathematical Simulation
Authors: Marika Spevack, Suzanne Bennett Johnson, Jill M Harkavy, Janet Silverstein, Jon Shuster, Arlan Rosenbloom, John Malone
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

In study 1, laboratory and supervised blood or urine test data from actual cases were used to develop patient profiles. Seven diabetologists from the same institution rated the diabetic control of 125 profiles on a four-point scale (1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, 4 = excellent). Six of the 7 diabetologists demonstrated adequate intra- and interrater reliability. Study 2 assessed the reliability of judgments of diabetic control made by diabetologists working in two different settings. There were 9 raters from institution 1 and8 from institution 2. The impact of the amount and type of information on judgment reliability was evaluated by developing two types of profiles. The test form contained only laboratory and supervised blood or urine test data similar to that utilized in study 1. The history form contained this information as well as other descriptive data typically available to diabetologists. The 17 diabetologists rated 125 anonymous profiles on each of twoseparate occasions ∼ 1 wk apart. On one occasion they rated profiles presented on the test form. On the other occasion they rated profiles presented on the history form. As in study 1, the diabetologist raters demonstrated adequate intra- and interrater reliability. Intrarater reliability was somewhat better when rating test form profiles compared with history form profiles. Reliability was not higher within than between institutions. Ananalysis of the relative contribution of different diabetes control indices to the diabetologists' judgments indicated that HbA1 influenced raters' judgmentsat both institutions more than any other single variable. However, raters utilized other information as well, particularly the urine test and fasting blood glucose results. Use of a cholesterol measure by institution 2 raters, but not by institution 1 raters, was theonly clearly discrepant use of test form data by the diabetologists working in two different settings. A mathematical prediction equation was developed that accurately simulated the diabetologists' judgments. The robustness of this equation was tested and demonstrated on a cross-validation sample of the cases utilized in study 1.
Natural killer cells in liver disease
Authors: Zhigang Tian, Yongyan Chen, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are enriched in lymphocytes within the liver and have unique phenotypic features and functional properties, including tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand–-dependent cytotoxicity and specific cytokine profiles. As a key component of innate immunity in the liver, NK cells perform critical roles in host defense against pathogens and tumors through their natural cytotoxicity and cytokine production, and they also act as regulatory cells by engaging in reciprocal interactions with other types of liver cells through cell-to-cell contact and the production of cytokines. Accumulating evidence from the last decade suggests that NK cells play an important role in controlling viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and liver tumorigenesis, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of liver injury and inflammation. The characterization of intrahepatic NK cell functions has not only helped us to better understand the pathogenesis of liver disease, but has also revealed new therapeutic targets for managing this disease.
P327Role of gene IL10 polymorphism for annual prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation
Authors: S A Berns, EA Shmidt, DS Zykova, OA Makeeva, OL Barbarash
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Objective: to investigate the association of polymorphic variants of G-1082A (rs3024491) and C-592A (rs1800872) gene IL10 with cardiovascular risk factors and annual prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without ST elevation. Material and methods. The hospital 178 patients with less than 48 hours after onset of symptoms due to unstable angina or non-Q myocardial infarction (MI) have been included. The presence of C-592A (rs1800872) and G-1082A (rs3024491) gene IL-10 polymorphisms had been investigated. After one year of observation, unfavorable outcome was reported in 22.5% patients. Results. Polymorphism rs1800872 (C-592A) gene IL-10 genotype SS and SA significantly more often than the AA genotype carriers had a history of old MI (p=0.01). It was shown a trend toward association of CC genotype with type 2 DM. CC genotype carriers had type 2 diabetes in 25.0% of cases, the CA genotype carriers - in 18.6% of cases (p=0.07). Analysis of allelic frequencies showed that in patients without type 2 DM frequency of allele A was 29.6%, whereas for type 2 DM patients it was found 17,1% (p=0,03). Besides CC genotype carriers were significantly more frequently had creatinine clearance less than AA 60 ml/min compared with genotype CA (26.0% and 12.9%, respectively, p=0,01) and for patients with AA homozygotes has not been shown any renal impairment. The frequency of allele C was 87.1% for patients with reduced creatinine clearance less than 60 ml/min and 69.7% (p=0.003) in patients without reduction. For IL10 rs3024491 polymorphism revealed significant association with AA genotype decline in kidney function. When exploring the relationship of polymorphisms rs1800872 (C-592A) and rs3024491 IL-10 gene at a concentration of cytokines in the blood it was revealed that the AA genotype carriers rs1800872 polymorphism characterized by a high level of IL-10 compared to the SA and SS genotypes (p=0.04). When analyzing the association between polymorphisms and close and long-term prognosis there where no evidences on the polymorphism rs1800872 (C-592A) IL-10 gene obtained. Polymorphism rs3024491 (G-1082A) IL-10 gene in AC genotype patients associated with increasing of endpoint in 12 months follow-up than the same for SS and AA genotypes. Conclusions : CC genotype polymorphism rs1800872 (C-592A) IL-10 gene is associated with: old MI, type 2 DM, renal dysfunction, whereas AA genotype polymorphism rs3024491 (G-1082A) is associated only with reduced renal function. CA genotype polymorphism rs3024491 (G-1082A) IL-10 gene is associated with poor one year prognosis in patients with ACS without ST elevation.
High-resolution Global Genomic Survey of 178 Gliomas Reveals Novel Regions of Copy Number Alteration and Allelic Imbalances
Authors: Yuri Kotliarov, Mary Ellen Steed, Neil Christopher, Jennifer Walling, Qin Su, Angela Center, John Heiss, Mark Rosenblum, Tom Mikkelsen, Jean C. Zenklusen, Howard A. Fine
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Primary brain tumors are the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in adults under the age of 54 years and the leading cause of cancer mortality in children in the United States. Therapy for the most common type of primary brain tumors, gliomas, remains suboptimal. The development of new and more effective treatments will likely require a better understanding of the biology of these tumors. Here, we show that use of the high-density 100K single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays in a large number of primary tumor samples allows for a much higher resolution survey of the glioma genome than has been previously reported in any tumor type. We not only confirmed alterations in genomic areas previously reported to be affected in gliomas, but we also refined the location of those sites and uncovered multiple, previously unknown regions that are affected by copy number alterations (amplifications, homozygous and heterozygous deletions) as well as allelic imbalances (loss of heterozygosity/gene conversions). The wealth of genomic data produced may allow for the development of a more rational molecular classification of gliomas and serve as an important starting point in the search for new molecular therapeutic targets. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9428-36)
Hydrogen Sulfide Improves Survival After Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation via a Nitric Oxide Synthase 3–Dependent Mechanism in Mice
Authors: Shizuka Minamishima, Masahiko Bougaki, Patrick Y. Sips, Jia De Yu, Yoji Andrew Minamishima, John W. Elrod, David J. Lefer, Kenneth D. Bloch, Fumito Ichinose
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Sudden cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. We sought to evaluate the impact of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) on the outcome after CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in mouse.Mice were subjected to 8 minutes of normothermic CA and resuscitated with chest compression and mechanical ventilation. Seven minutes after the onset of CA (1 minute before CPR), mice received sodium sulfide (Na(2)S) (0.55 mg/kg IV) or vehicle 1 minute before CPR. There was no difference in the rate of return of spontaneous circulation, CPR time to return of spontaneous circulation, and left ventricular function at return of spontaneous circulation between groups. Administration of Na(2)S 1 minute before CPR markedly improved survival rate at 24 hours after CPR (15/15) compared with vehicle (10/26; P=0.0001 versus Na(2)S). Administration of Na(2)S prevented CA/CPR-induced oxidative stress and ameliorated left ventricular and neurological dysfunction 24 hours after CPR. Delayed administration of Na(2)S at 10 minutes after CPR did not improve outcomes after CA/CPR. Cardioprotective effects of Na(2)S were confirmed in isolated-perfused mouse hearts subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of cystathionine gamma-lyase (an enzyme that produces H(2)S) markedly improved outcomes of CA/CPR. Na(2)S increased phosphorylation of nitric oxide synthase 3 in left ventricle and brain cortex, increased serum nitrite/nitrate levels, and attenuated CA-induced mitochondrial injury and cell death. Nitric oxide synthase 3 deficiency abrogated the protective effects of Na(2)S on the outcome of CA/CPR.These results suggest that administration of Na(2)S at the time of CPR improves outcome after CA possibly via a nitric oxide synthase 3-dependent signaling pathway.
Familial Muscular Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: LAWRENCE B. BRENT, AKIO ABURANO, DON L. FISHER, THOMAS J. MORAN, JACK D. MYERS, W. JAPE TAYLOR
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Two families with familial muscular subaortic stenosis have been studied. Hemodynamic data in 2 cases and the operative findings of 1 case are described. Autopsy findings of 3 cases have been presented. Clinical findings indicate at least 3 additional cases in 1 family and 5 in the other. The pedigrees of both families have been discussed. The incidence of this lesion in each family over 3 generations suggests that the defect is related to Mendelian dominant inheritance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cases of familial heart disease compatible with transmission by a Mendelian dominant gene. The importance of differential diagnosis of this disease from other types of aortic or subaortic stenosis prior to surgery has been stressed, since no operation has been devised for this lesion. The distinguishing clinical features include the apical and lower left sternal border location of the systolic murmur, the absence of poststenotic dilatation of the ascending aorta, the absence of calcification of the aortic value, the absence of a murmur of aortic insufficiency, and the strong family history suggesting a familial trait.
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial of Modafinil in the Treatment of Residual Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in the Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome
Authors: RUTH N. KINGSHOTT, MARJORIE VENNELLE, EMMA L. COLEMAN, HEATHER M. ENGLEMAN, THOMAS W. MACKAY, NEIL J. DOUGLAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Some patients with the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) remain subjectively and objectively sleepy despite using effective continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The aim of this single center study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the novel wake-promoting medication modafinil in the treatment of CPAP-resistant daytime sleepiness. Thirty sleep apneics receiving effective CPAP therapy (objective use, 6.5 ± 1.1 h/night) received daily single doses of 400 mg modafinil or placebo for 2 wk in a double-blind randomized crossover design. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at the end of both 2-wk treatment periods. Treatment periods were separated by a 1-wk washout. Modafinil had no effect on sleepiness as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale or the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (p > 0.1); however, significant improvements in alertness were found with the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (modafinil 18.3 ± 3.9 min; placebo, 16.6 ± 5.0 min; p < 0.02). No significant treatment-related improvements in cognitive performance or quality of life were found with modafinil (all p > 0.05). There was a significant reduction in CPAP use on modafinil compared to placebo (6.3 ± 1 h/ night; 6.5 ± 1, p = 0.03). This study suggests that modafinil may improve some aspects of alertness in patients with SAHS who remain sleepy during CPAP therapy, but further studies are required to assess the significance of the reduction in CPAP use.
The Question of the Function of the Right Ventricular Myocardium: An Experimental Study
Authors: AUGUSTUS C. P. BAKOS
Journal: Circulation (1950)

A laboratory study designed to investigate the independent pump-like function of the right ventricle of the dog heart is presented. Systolic and diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure fluctuations were used as the definitive criterion for pumping efficiency. Control pressure levels are compared with those recorded after complete damage, by electrosurgical coagulation, of the free right ventricular myocardium. The degree of damage so produced was ascertained from an analysis of electrocardiographic, physiologic and histologic observations. The results are discussed and explained in terms of a postulated mechanism based upon the architecture of the individual ventricular muscle bands.
Tobacco giant denies encouraging smuggling to China
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

British American Tobacco (BAT) has denied that it benefited from, encouraged, and attempted to control smuggling of tobacco into China, allegations reported in an online journal.

Contraband has been a hugely profitable and integral part of the company's operations in China over the past two decades, claims the report by Kelley Lee from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and Jeff Collin, of the University of Edinburgh, published online on 18 July in PLoS Medicine (http://medicine.plosjournals.org, doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030228).

The illicit trade is described in the report as being worth billions of dollars, and the report says that internal documents of the company show that at one point significant profits were coming from “transit” trade to China—which, alleges an accompanying article by Thomas Novotny (doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030279), is a code word for smuggled cigarettes.

The accompanying article claims that the documents show evidence of BAT's efforts to build a market presence in competition with other …
The Osteopaths Bill.
Authors: R J Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1993)

through this minefield and suggests guidelines on withholding resuscitation (p 1593).'1The working parties have had the courage to give a clear message on the need for training.They recommend that basic skills in life support should be taught widely-for example, in schools and as part of driving tests.The advice on training in hospitals and medical schools echoes that of the Royal College of Physicians," but how many junior staff have recently received "compulsory training and retraining"?A study by David and Prior-Willeard shows poor resuscitation skills in the doctors who would probably be in charge of resuscitations on hospital wards (p 1578).12Minor deviations from perfection are acceptable, but it is difficult to justify poor knowledge of current national guidelines, especially in doctors about to sit the final examination for membership of the Royal College of Physicians.Another paper in this week's journal reaffirms the need for regular training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, as without practice such skills soon decay.'3Such training is very labour intensive and is often carried out by a few enthusiasts without much support or recognition.There will be no improvement in resuscitation skills until such training attracts adequate resources.To the best parts of current practice the working parties have added applied science, considered practical require- ments, and produced sensible and workable guidelines.If you haven't had training in advanced life support recently, then shouldn't you be getting it soon?
Functional Interaction of the Active Zone Proteins Munc13-1 and RIM1 in Synaptic Vesicle Priming
Authors: Andrea Betz, Pratima Thakur, Harald J. Junge, Uri Ashery, Jeong-Seop Rhee, Volker Scheuss, Christian Rosenmund, Jens Rettig, Nils Brose
Journal: Neuron (2001)