tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Value of Nerve Stretching in Leprosy: Based on One Hundred Cases
Authors: B. Rake
Journal: BMJ (1888)

appearing n the mesogastrium (Fig. 3), and appropriating one of the gastric arteries for its own supply.Nothing now remains but to give new and puzzling name to the various parts of the mesogastrium.and of the splenic artery.Similar synthetical methods are applicable to the hepatic artery and to othlers, and, I might further add, to other parts of the body, especially the nervous, genito-urinary, and vascular systems.Moreover, it may not be out of place to add that synthetic methods of this nature are the clue to fresh discoveries.Diagram 3.-S, stomach; M G, mesogastrium.In addition to the more scientific brancheq of human anatomy, topographical anatomy is peculiarly suitable for being lectured upon; moreover, it has the advantage of being of the greatest and most immediate practical value.Frozen sections have of late years added to the practicability of this branclh, and are an excellent method of demonstration.Scotch anatomists deserve great praise for the share they have taken in promoting this branch of anatomy.Looked at from another standpoint, anatomy, properly taught, affords an admirable training.In the first place, it cultivates the powers of observation in a htgh degree; and in the second, affords a much-needed opportunity of learning manual dexterity and the rase of instruments, and also familiarity with the appearance, texture, and consistence of the different tissues.These can only 'be acquired in the dissecting-room and by individual exertion.'To make anatomy a training of this kind, and to teach students how to learn for themselves, and, I add, to teach them how to learn for the rest of their lives, a large teaching staff is neces- sary, and an abundant supply of material.The first of these desiderata is easily achieved; it is merely a
Posttraumatic Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: AUSTIN W. BREWIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 November 1970Posttraumatic Bacterial MeningitisAUSTIN W. BREWIN, M.D.AUSTIN W. BREWIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-862 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article "Posttraumatic Bacterial Meningitis" by W. Lee Hand and Jay P. Sanford (ANNALS, June 1970 issue) is of interest in several respects, especially the observations on the time intervals between the trauma and the development of meningitis.One question not touched on is that of prophylactic antibiotics in posttraumatic patients. Did any of these patients receive prophylaxis? If so, what was the relationship of prophylaxis to the onset of meningitis?The fundamental problem, of course, is what should the policy be in regard to the use of prophylactic antibiotics in the patient who has a basilar... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: AUSTIN W. BREWIN, M.D.Affiliations: Communicable Disease Service San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco, Calif. 94110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1970Volume 73, Issue 5Page: 862-862KeywordsAntibioticsBacterial meningitisMeningitisProphylaxis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Spironolactone for hirsutism
Authors: D. Bullimore
Journal: BMJ (1988)

work, and despite these mcasures the number ot patients treated may often rise.It is lett to the doctors to ration services, which effectively means telling certain people that they cannot be treated or, as is more usual, not telling them that they can be treated.Doctors are not very good at this, and I hope that the purpose of training in management would not be to improve such skills.
Design, Methods, and Population for a Study of PFOA Health Effects among Highly Exposed Mid-Ohio Valley Community Residents and Workers
Authors: Andrea Winquist, Cathy Lally, Hyeong-Moo Shin, Kyle Steenland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: A cohort of community residents and workers is the basis for a series of epidemiologic studies of a Mid-Ohio Valley population with substantial perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure due to releases from a chemical plant.Objectives: We describe study design, methods, and study participants for a longitudinal cohort study of associations between PFOA exposure and adult chronic diseases.Methods: Two cohorts were formed, one recruited from community residents who participated in a previous community-wide survey, and one from plant workers. Study participants were interviewed during 2008–2011 regarding demographics, health-related behaviors, and personal history of chronic diseases. Reported diseases were validated through medical records review and registry matching. Here we describe cohort characteristics, compare survey respondents and nonrespondents, provide data on the number of diseases reported and validated, and describe historical estimates of serum PFOA concentrations over time.Results: The final combined cohort included 32,254 participants (28,541 community; 3,713 worker). Participation rates were high (community, 81.5%; worker, 72.9% of target population). The final population from each cohort was representative of the target population in terms of demographic characteristics and measured serum PFOA concentrations in 2005–2006. The study had a wide exposure range and the number of reported cases of chronic diseases was high, resulting in greater power to detect associations than has been the case for many previous studies.Conclusions: This is the largest study to date of the health effects of PFOA. The information from this cohort is being used to examine associations between PFOA exposure and multiple adult chronic diseases.
Blood levels and production rate of 17-hydroxypregnenolone in man
Authors: C. A. Strott, J. A. Bermudez, M. B. Lipsett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

A reliable radio-ligand assay has been developed for the measurement of 17-hydroxypregnenolone in human peripheral vein plasma. The mean plasma concentration of 17-hydroxypregnenolone was, in men, 1.9 mmug/ml; and in women, 3.5 mmug/ml. These means were not significantly different from each other, and the levels were the same in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. In women, the adrenal cortex was the source of the 17-hydroxypregnenolone; in men, 40% was produced by the testis. Since the metabolic clearance rate was about 2000 liters/24 hr production rate estimates were 4-7 mg/24 hr. The conversion of blood 17-hydroxypregnenolone to blood 17-hydroxyprogesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone was measured. This varied from 5 to 20%. Thus, in women during the follicular phase, 17-hydroxyprogesterone derived from blood 17-hydroxypregnenolone could be the major fraction of the 17-hydroxyprogesterone production rate. Blood 17-hydroxypregnenolone is a minor precursor of blood dehydroepiandrosterone.
Neglected Esophageal Narrowing
Authors: Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IF ONE should ask what chronic gastroenterologic problem proves most difficult to keep under optimal management, there might be many suggestions. High on the list would be the chronic esophageal lesion that has obstructing potential. The need for continuing management of this problem deserves more attention than current texts give it. Although almost all esophageal diseases are able to produce esophageal narrowing, the most common lesions responsible for chronic, gradually progressive, continuously threatening obstruction are cicatricial esophagitis and carcinoma. In either case, properly applied prophylactic bougienage can regularly prevent esophageal narrowing, permitting full effective use of the esophagus for the rest of the patient's life. If neglected, however, an obstructing stricture or tumor will bring about a terminus marked by the most miserable complications. Persisting esophageal obstruction, whatever the responsible lesion, means nutritional failure, dehydration, chronic and acute bronchopulmonary aspiration diseases, subacute laryngitis with incessant nocturnal cough, and dependence on
1185 GENERATION OF SELECTIVE HIGH AFFINITY LIGANDS TO BLOCK CD81-LARGE EXTRACELLULAR LOOP: HEPATITIS C VIRUS–E2 GLYCOPROTEIN INTERACTION
Authors: R.R. Al Olaby, R. Balhorn, B. Chromy, J. Vielmitter, A. Eldridge, S. Hok, H.M. Azzazy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A High Throughput, Whole Cell Screen for Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint Identifies OM137, a Novel Aurora Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Joanna H. DeMoe, Stefano Santaguida, John R. Daum, Andrea Musacchio, Gary J. Gorbsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

In mitosis, the kinetochores of chromosomes that lack full microtubule attachments and/or mechanical tension activate a signaling pathway called the mitotic spindle checkpoint that blocks progression into anaphase and prevents premature segregation of the chromatids until chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate. The spindle checkpoint is responsible for arresting cells in mitosis in response to chemotherapeutic spindle poisons such as paclitaxel or vinblastine. Some cancer cells show a weakened checkpoint signaling system that may contribute to chromosome instability in tumors. Because complete absence of the spindle checkpoint leads to catastrophic cell division, we reasoned that drugs targeting the checkpoint might provide a therapeutic window in which the checkpoint would be eliminated in cancer cells but sufficiently preserved in normal cells. We developed an assay to identify lead compounds that inhibit the spindle checkpoint. Most cells respond to microtubule drugs by activating the spindle checkpoint and arresting in mitosis with a rounded morphology. Our assay depended on the ability of checkpoint inhibitor compounds to drive mitotic exit and cause cells to flatten onto the substrate in the continuous presence of microtubule drugs. In this study, we characterize one of the compounds, OM137, as an inhibitor of Aurora kinases. We find that this compound is growth inhibitory to cultured cells when applied at high concentration and potentiates the growth inhibitory effects of subnanomolar concentrations of paclitaxel.
An old horse
Authors: W. J. Kornrich
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antibodies to Histones in Drug-Induced and Idiopathic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: M. J. Fritzler, E. M. Tan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

When tissue sections are extracted with 0.1 N HCl, cellular nuclear proteins, including histones, are removed but nuclear DNA is retained. Histones can be reconstituted back to nuclear DNA in acid-extracted tissue sections so that the resulting nuclear substrate is composed only of DNA and histones and does not contain acidic nuclear protein antigens. The resulting DNA-histone tissue substrate can be used in the immunofluorescent method for specific detention of antibodies to histones. Sera from 23 patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus (procainamide 19, isoniazid 2, nitrofurantoin 2) and 20 patients with idiopathic (not drug-induced) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied. All 23 patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus (LE) lost nuclear staining on acid-extracted sections. In contrast, only 12 of 20 with idiopathic SLE lost nuclear staining on acid-extracted tissues, and in the remaining 8, there was no significant fall in titer. In the drug-induced LE group, loss of nuclear staining was due to the absence of histones on the substrate because with histone-reconstituted sections, 22 of 23 again became positive for nuclear staining at titers equal to or at one doubling dilution below titers on unextracted tissues. In contrast, of the 12 idiopathic SLE sera which lost nuclear staining, only 5 regained nuclear staining on histone-reconstituted tissue sections. In idiopathic SLE, antinuclear antibodies are heterogeneous in specificities and may consist of antibodies to native DNA, histones, or nonhistone proteins. In contrast, antinuclear antibodies in drug-induced LE are less heterogeneous and mainly consist of antibodies to histones.
Author's reply to Wong and De Murtinho-Braga
Authors: J. D. Donze
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Wong was worried about the misinterpretation of odds and risks.1 2 As everyone knows, the interpretation of risk is more intuitive than for odds, for both doctors and patients. Although statistically odds are not risks, it is well accepted that odds ratio is a good approximation of the relative risk when the outcome is rare (<10%).3 In our study, the …
Relationship Between Overweight and Obesity With Hospitalization for Heart Failure in 20,985 Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Daniel Vestberg, Annika Rosengren, Marita Olsson, Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir, Ann-Marie Svensson, Marcus Lind
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To investigate the potential relationship between overweight, obesity, and severe obesity and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) in patients with type 1 diabetes.We studied patients with type 1 diabetes included in the Swedish National Diabetes Registry during 1998-2003, and they were followed up until hospitalization for HF, death, or 31 December 2009. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risks.In a sample of 20,985 type 1 diabetic patients (mean age, 38.6 years; mean BMI, 25.0 kg/m(2)), 635 patients were hospitalized with HF as a primary or secondary diagnosis during a median follow-up of 9.1 years. Cox regression adjusting for age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and baseline and intercurrent comorbidities (including myocardial infarction) showed a significant relationship between BMI and hospitalization for HF (P < 0.0001). In reference to patients in the BMI 20-25 kg/m(2) category, hazard ratios (HRs) were as follows: HR 1.22 (95% CI, 0.83-1.78) for BMI <20 kg/m(2); HR 0.94 (95% CI, 0.78-1.12) for BMI 25-30 kg/m(2); HR 1.55 (95% CI, 1.20-1.99) for BMI 30-35 kg/m(2); and HR 2.90 (95% CI, 1.92-4.37) for BMI ≥ 35 kg/m(2).Obesity, particularly severe obesity, is strongly associated with hospitalization for HF in patients with type 1 diabetes, whereas no similar relation was present in overweight and low body weight.
Abstract 1114: Linker region of the BRCA2 protein increases chemoresistance to cisplatin: Screen for the characterization of cancer-associated variants
Authors: Curtis R. Warren, Mary C. Farach-Carson, Zohra Ali-Khan Catts
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Screening for mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is standard for patients with family histories suggesting Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (HBOC). Often, patients present with a familial cancer pedigree and a BRCA sequence containing an uncharacterized missense mutation. Such mutations are termed “Variants of Unknown Significance” (VUS) because their ability to alter function of the protein in vivo is unknown [1]. VUS complicate the genetic counseling process as the genetic counselor cannot advise patients if their VUS predisposes them to cancer. We discovered a novel VUS that occurred in the BRCA2 gene in a cancer registry patient in Delaware. Further mining of this registry identified two novel VUS occurring in the same region of the BRCA2 gene encoding the linker region of the BRCA2 protein, a poorly understood functional region of the protein. The two variants were R2341C and N2452D, both carried by breast cancer patients whose family histories were indicative of HBOC. The Breast Cancer Information Core (BIC)[2] in the National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research Institute catalogues cancer-associated mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, including over 500 mutations reported to occur in the linker region; over 300 of these are VUS's. Our lab-based study focused on the linker region peptide encoded by exons twelve through fourteen of the BRCA2 gene. To develop a new method to characterize VUS in the BRCA2 gene, we chose 13 VUS occurring on evolutionarily conserved residues with varying frequencies. One, I2285V, was reported 79 times, whereas several others were reported only once. To determine if these VUS represent polymorphisms or if they change the function of the BRCA2 protein, we constructed expression plasmids encoding each mutant peptide for use in stable transfection experiments in T47D cells. Four mutant peptide expression clones and a wild-type linker region expression clone were studied by challenging the cell lines with the DNA crosslinking compound cisplatin. Several of the mutants increased survival in transected cell lines, indicating that the linker region peptide may interact directly or indirectly with a protein or DNA partner in the DNA damage repair pathway. In this case, the reported VUS mutations may change the activity of the BRCA2 linker region. We conclude that this may be a good method for screening the effect of VUS on protein function. Further study is required to create a high-throughput, standardized assay for characterization of VUS which would benefit patient and clinician alike. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1114.
Are acute phase proteins a new biological marker of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients?
Authors: P PERNEY
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

1.1. Caffeine (CA) is metabolized extensively and at least 17 metabolites arising from primary and secondary biotransformation pathways are found in urine following CA ingestion. The enzymes responsible for the formation of most of the metabolites derived from CA have been identified.2.2. Given the near ubiquitous consumption of CA, this compound potentially constitutes a useful substrate probe for assessment of certain xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in vivo. Indeed, various ratios of CA metabolites excreted in urine (urinary metabolic ratios; MRs) are now utilized widely for the population screening of enzyme activities.3.3. Excretion of the acetylated secondary metabolite 5-actylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) is dependent on the activity of the polymorphic N-acetyltransferase (NAT2), and certain MRs incorporating AFMU may be used for NAT2 phenotyping.4.4. The conversion of 1-methylxanthine (1-MX), another secondary metabolite of CA, to 1-methyluric acid (1-MU) is catalyzed by xanthine oxidase (XO), and the urinary 1-MU to 1MX ratio reflects XO activity.5.5. N3-demethylation to form paraxanthine (PX), a reaction mediated by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2), is the dominant primary metabolic pathway of CA. CA N3-demethylation activity may be used as a measure of human hepatic CYPIA2 in vitro.6.6. Plasma CA clearance is considered to reflect CYP1A2 activity in vivo. Although a number of MRs are based on the excretion of PX metabolites (PX derived from CA is employed for the assessment of CYP1A2 activity in vivo), factors other than enzyme activity may affect these ratios.
Nonhospital Health Care–Associated Hepatitis B and C Virus Transmission: United States, 1998–2008
Authors: Nicola D. Thompson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

In the United States, transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) from health care exposures has been considered uncommon. However, a review of outbreak information revealed 33 outbreaks in nonhospital health care settings in the past decade: 12 in outpatient clinics, 6 in hemodialysis centers, and 15 in long-term care facilities, resulting in 448 persons acquiring HBV or HCV infection. In each setting, the putative mechanism of infection was patient-to-patient transmission through failure of health care personnel to adhere to fundamental principles of infection control and aseptic technique (for example, reuse of syringes or lancing devices). Difficult to detect and investigate, these recognized outbreaks indicate a wider and growing problem as health care is increasingly provided in outpatient settings in which infection control training and oversight may be inadequate. A comprehensive approach involving better viral hepatitis surveillance and case investigation, health care provider education and training, professional oversight, licensing, and public awareness is needed to ensure that patients are always afforded basic levels of protection against viral hepatitis transmission.