tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Many journals have not retracted "fraudulent" research
Authors: D. Cooper-Mahkorn
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Objective</h3> To determine if the incidence of endstage renal disease (ESRD) due to lupus nephritis has decreased from 1996 to 2004. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients age 15 years or older with incident ESRD due to lupus nephritis in 1996–2004 and living in one of the 50 United States or the District of Columbia were identified using the US Renal Data System, a national population-based registry of all patients receiving renal replacement therapy for ESRD. Incidence rates were computed for each calendar year, using population estimates of the US census as denominators. <h3>Results</h3> Over the 9-year study period, 9199 new cases of ESRD due to lupus nephritis were observed. Incidence rates, adjusted to the age, sex, and race composition of the US population in 2000, were 4.4 per million in 1996 and 4.9 per million in 2004. Compared to the pooled incidence rate in 1996–1998, the relative risk of ESRD due to lupus nephritis in 1999–2000 was 0.99 (95% CI 0.93–1.06), in 2001–2002 was 0.99 (95% CI 0.92–1.06), and in 2003–2004 was 0.96 (95% CI 0.89–1.02). Findings were similar in analyses stratified by sex, age group, race, and socioeconomic status. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was no decrease in the incidence of ESRD due to lupus nephritis between 1996 and 2004. This may reflect the limits of effectiveness of current treatments, or limitations in access, use, or adherence to treatment.
High expression of a spliced variant of FKBP51 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of melanoma patients may be related to PDL-1 on tumour and predictive of response to Ipilimumab
Authors: Ester Simeone, Maria fiammetta Romano, Antonio Maria Grimaldi, Assunta Esposito, Marcello Curvietto, Miriam Paone, Giovanni Rinaldi, Gianluca Di monta, Massimiliano Di marzo, Federica Hauber, Lucia Festino, Anna D'Angelillo, Simona Romano, Stefania Staibano, Gennaro Ilardi, Rita Bisogni, Nicola Mozzillo, Paolo Antonio Ascierto
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Identifying molecular biomarkers in melanoma may provide useful diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Melanoma delivers immune suppressive stimuli through the pathway PDL-1/PD-1. Recent data suggest tumour-cell expression of PD-L1 in melanoma may be driven by constitutive oncogenic
Antiglobulin Consumption Test in Rabbit Homotransplantation
Authors: John C. McDonald, Felix Milgrom, Ernest Witebsky
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE FORMATION OF humoral antibodies in response to homotransplantation is a well-established phenomenon; both hemagglutinins and cytotoxins have been quantitated.<sup>1</sup>In previous work from this department, antibodies accompanying homograft rejection were studied by means of skin tests (local inverse anaphylaxis)<sup>2-3</sup>and mixed agglutination in tissue cultures.<sup>4</sup> Although the relationship of humoral antibodies to graft destruction has not been established, evidence is accumulating which suggests that the role of these antibodies is quite important.<sup>5-9</sup>This increases the need for various serologic methods of studying these antibodies. This paper describes the application of the antiglobulin consumption test to the study of humoral antibodies produced as a result of skin homografts in the rabbit. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3><h3>Operative Procedure.—</h3> Adult rabbits of several varieties were used, some colored and some albino. Full-thickness skin grafts were transplanted in various sex and color combinations under local anesthesia. Thirteen pairs of rabbits
Long-term Cloprednol Use in Chronic Asthma
Authors: Uma D. Gavani
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Cloprednol is an oral synthetic glucocorticoid with a short serum half-life of 110 minutes. Twenty children who had chronic corticosteroid-dependent asthma were empaneled to study the effects of cloprednol for a period of 24 months. Three of these dropped out at the end of one year. Alternate-day doses of prednisone were replaced by equivalent daily 8 am doses of cloprednol. Ten of 17 patients had better control during cloprednol therapy than during previous prednisone regimens, and significant improvement was noted in peak expiratory flow rate during the study period (P less than .001). Long-term side effects were absent. Improvement in the degree of hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis responsiveness, based on fasting 8 am cortisol levels, was noted from baseline to the end of study period.
Comparison of the Effects of Bimatoprost and a Fixed Combination of Latanoprost and Timolol on Circadian Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Luca Rossetti, Costas H. Karabatsas, Fotis Topouzis, Michele Vetrugno, Marco Centofanti, Andreas Boehm, Ananth Viswanathan, Christian Vorwerk, David Goldblum
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
STUDIES ON IMMUNITY IN ANTHRAX
Authors: George G. Wright, Janet B. Slein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

An abrupt decrease in the titer of serum T-agglutinin frequently occurs during the acute phase of anthrax infection in the rabbit. In partially immunized animals which survive the infection the titer returns to normal during convalescence, but has not been observed to rise significantly above the normal level. The presence of a substance capable of inhibiting T-agglutination may be demonstrated in the sera of many of those animals in which a marked decrease in T-agglutinin has occurred. The polysaccharide and polypeptide antigens of B. anthracis do not possess this activity. Sera containing the T-inhibitory substance usually produce a slow hemolysis of T-erythrocytes and also of normal human type O erythrocytes; hemolysis of erythrocytes of other species is irregular. This reactivity of the sera withstands inactivation at 56 degrees C. but is inhibited by citrate. T-inhibitory and hemolytic activities can frequently be increased by incubation of the acute-phase serum at 37 degrees C. The ability of normal serum to neutralize the T-inhibitory and hemolytic activities of acute-phase serum is not significantly increased after recovery from the infection. The meaning of the results is discussed.
Smell Dysfunction and Related Factors in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jean-Pierre Le Floch, Gilles Le Lièvre, Michael Labroue, Muriel Paul, Roger Peynegre, Leon Perlemuter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE— To analyze smell function in diabetic patients and healthy control subjects, with reference to individual characteristics and major complications of the disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— A cross-sectional study of smell recognition in 68 diabetic patients and 30 control subjects without known cause of smell impairment was conducted. Smell was studied using a kit of flavors that patients were asked to recognize, leading to a smell recognition score ranging from 0 (no recognition) to 20 (perfect recognition). Demographic and clinical data, and the electrogustometric threshold were recorded in both groups. Metabolic control and degenerative complications were studied in diabetic patients. RESULTS— The SRS was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (12.4 ± 0.5 vs. 15.1 ± 0.5, P &amp;lt; 0.001). By use of univariate and multivariate analyses, this difference could not be explained by individual factors such as age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, or tobacco or alcohol consumption but was related to diabetes. SRS correlated with EGT (r = 0.70, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In the diabetic group, SRS was associated with age (r = 0.29, P &amp;lt; 0.05), duration of diabetes (r = 0.27, P &amp;lt; 0.05), microalbuminuria (12.2 ± 0.8 vs. 14.4 ± 0.9, P &amp;lt; 0.05), peripheral neuropathy (10.3 ± 1.0 vs. 14.1 ± 0.9, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and EGT (r = 0.39; P &amp;lt; 0.001). By use of multivariate analysis, the strongest association was found with EGT (R2 = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS— These results suggest that smell recognition is impaired in patients with diabetes mellitus. Smell dysfunction is associated with age and degenerative complications of diabetes, suggesting a degenerative mechanism related to diabetes.
Clonality of cold agglutinins in patients with hemolytic anemia: An analysis by high‐resolution two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis
Authors: Jean‐Daniel Tissot, François Clément, Jüirg A. Schifferli, Philippe C. Frei, Denis F. Hochstrasser, Philippe Schneider
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract High‐resolution two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DGE) was used to analyse plasma samples and partially purified cold agglutinins (CA) obtained from two selected patients. Both presented an acute hemolytic anemia with CA of high thermal amplitude, normal immunoglobulin levels, no detectable paraproteinemia, and no clinical evidence of a malignant B‐cell disorder. The electrophoretograms of their plasma showed evident alterations of the “normal” protein profile, which were directly related to hemolysis (absence of the spots of haptoglobin and in one case of those of hemopexin), but no monoclonal gammopathy. The electrophoretograms of their purified CA revealed two clearly different spot patterns respectively corresponding to a monoclonal IgM and to polyclonal IgM. These results show that the clonality of CA associated with hemolytic anemia can be easily determined by 2‐DGE. This technique may be very useful to discriminate chronic cold agglutinin disease in the early phase from “parainfectious” CA. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The complement receptor 2/factor H fusion protein TT30 protects paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes from complement-mediated hemolysis and C3 fragment opsonization
Authors: Antonio M. Risitano, Rosario Notaro, Caterina Pascariello, Michela Sica, Luigi del Vecchio, Christopher J. Horvath, Masha Fridkis-Hareli, Carmine Selleri, Margaret A. Lindorfer, Ronald P. Taylor, Lucio Luzzatto, V. Michael Holers
Journal: Blood (2012)
Mathematical modeling of immune kinetics in advanced cancer through meta-analyses of complete response rates: immune synchronisation emerges as the likely key determinant of clinical response
Authors: Martin L Ashdown, Brendon J Coventry, Derek Abbott
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Recent evidence suggests that the failure of the immune system to eradicate cancer cells is due to the tumor co-opting the normal regulatory/suppressive and homeostatic mechanisms of the immune system, thus avoiding immune based destruction. A small percentage of patients with
Letter: Safer cigarettes.
Authors: E R Trethewie
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Dear Fellow Psychiatrists, I understand that it was your intervention that helped me so quickly (and comparatively pain- lessly) to leave the U.S.S.R., where the righttohold one's own beliefs is being constantly violated.Life in the Soviet Union has taught me that the authorities in my country are extremely sensitive to the public opinion of the Western powers.I saw that help was especially effective
Reply to K. Rostami et al.
Authors: G. Cammarota, L. Cuoco, G. Gasbarrini
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We would like to thank Dr. Rostami and Dr. Danciu for giving us the opportunity to clarify some conceptual points about the role of endoscopy in monitoring patients with celiac disease who are on a gluten-free diet (GFD).
Vitamin K and childhood cancer: a population based case-control study in Lower Saxony, Germany
Authors: R. von Kries, U. Gobel, A. Hachmeister, U. Kaletsch, J. Michaelis
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To confirm or refute a possible association of parenteral vitamin K prophylaxis and childhood cancer. <b>Design</b>: Population based case-control study. Comparison of vitamin K exposure in children with leukaemia or other common tumours with two control groups. <b>Setting</b>: State of Lower Saxony (north western part of Germany); case recruitment from the German childhood cancer registry. <b>Subjects</b>: 272 children with leukaemia, nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and tumours of the central nervous system diagnosed between 1 July 1988 and 30 June 1993; children were aged between 30 days and 15 years at diagnosis. 334 population based controls without diagnoses of cancer matched to the leukaemia cases for age and sex. <b>Main exposure measures</b>: Parenteral vitamin K prophylaxis (intramuscular and subcutaneous) versus oral and no vitamin K prophylaxis. <b>Results</b>: An association between parenteral vitamin K exposure and childhood cancer (leukae-mias and other tumours combined) could not be confirmed (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.48). For leukaemias the observed odds ratio was only 0.98 (0.64 to 1.50) (comparison of leukaemia cases with local controls 1.24 (0.68 to 2.25); state controls 0.82 (0.50 to 1.36)). These odds ratios remained almost unchanged when several potential confounders were considered in the logistic regression model. <b>Conclusions</b>: This population based study adds substantial evidence that there is no association between parenteral vitamin K and childhood cancer. <h3>Key messages</h3> The study size was sufficient to detect a cancer risk of at least 1.55 The cumulative evidence from this and previous studies almost excludes an association of intramuscular vitamin K prophylaxis and childhood cancer
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIET.
Authors: HUBBARD WINSLOW MITCHELL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The purpose of this paper is to set forth some practical observations acquired by direct clinical experience upon the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with special reference to the effect exerted upon it by a due application of certain dietary regulations. <h3>THE NATURE OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.</h3> Pulmonary tuberculosis is a true inflammatory process set up by a specific morbific influence in the delicate lung tissue and terminating in true ulceration and suppuration of the lung substance. I will briefly recall the anatomy of the lung. The trachea divides into the right and left bronchi. These divide again into secondary and tertiary bronchi, and the subdivision continuing, the bronchial tubes grow more attenuated and more numerous as they subdivide. They also grow more delicate in structure, and when finally they reach a minute size, they are comprised only of a thin membrane lined with pavement epithelium resting upon an elastic fibrous layer.
Orthopedic Diseases: Physiology, Pathology, Radiology
Authors: Lee H. Riley
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To attempt a volume that considers the physiology, pathology, and radiology of orthopedic diseases in sufficient detail to make it more than a handbook may be pretentious. However, this is what the authors have attempted, and much to their credit they have largely succeeded. They have produced a book which will be of value to the practicing physician and teacher as well as to the student of any branch of medicine. The book is easy to read, well illustrated, and presents its information in a clear and lucid fashion. The authors have reviewed and distilled the pertinent literature about each topic discussed but have avoided conclusions which others may have reached if these conclusions are not supported by their personal experience. Therefore this book is not just a condensation of current literature but rather represents the authors' experience (which is large) stated against the background of the published experience of
Staying awake puts pressure on brain arousal systems
Authors: Giulio Tononi, Chiara Cirelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Many brain centers are involved in keeping us awake. One example is the recently discovered hypocretin system located in the posterior hypothalamus. In this issue of the JCI, Rao et al. show that, in mice, synapses targeting hypocretin neurons become stronger when wakefulness is prolonged beyond its physiological duration (see the related article beginning on page 4022). This increase in synaptic strength may be one of the mechanisms that help us to stay awake when we are sleep deprived, but it may also represent one of the signals telling the brain that it is time to sleep.
Induced Pressure Gradients Across Infundibular Zone of Right Ventricle in Normal Dogs
Authors: JOHN R. TOBIN, PETER E. BLUNDELL, RALPH G. GOODRICH, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

In these experiments we have demonstrated that: 1. Right ventricular outflow-tract pressure gradients of significance can be induced in normal dogs by a sympathomimetic amine which increases the rate and force of ventricular contraction. 2. Such outflow-tract pressure gradients are magnified by the addition of other inotropic drugs, such as acetyl strophanthidin and calcium chloride. 3. These outflow-tract pressure gradients are not the result of an increase in the volume and rate of blood flow but are due to forceful contraction of the infundibulum.
Aromatase Localization in Human Breast Cancer Tissues: Possible Interactions between Intratumoral Stromal and Parenchymal Cells
Authors: Yasuhiro Miki, Takashi Suzuki, Chika Tazawa, Yuri Yamaguchi, Kunio Kitada, Seijiro Honma, Takuya Moriya, Hisashi Hirakawa, Dean B. Evans, Shin-ichi Hayashi, Noriaki Ohuchi, Hironobu Sasano
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Aromatase is a key enzyme in intratumoral estrogen production required for the production of estrogens through the conversion of serum androgens in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. There have been, however, controversies regarding the intratumoral localization of aromatase in human breast carcinoma tissues. Therefore, we have first examined the intratumoral localization of aromatase mRNA/protein in 19 breast carcinomas using laser capture microdissection/quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Aromatase mRNA and protein were detected in both intratumoral stromal and parenchymal cells in breast carcinoma tissues. Subsequent microarray expression profiling and clustering analyses, in addition to quantitative RT-PCR studies, showed a significant positive correlation between aromatase and estrogen-related receptor α mRNA expression in isolated carcinoma cells. We further examined an interaction between stromal cells isolated from human breast carcinoma tissues and breast carcinoma cell lines using a coculture system to study the biological characteristic of aromatase expression in carcinoma cells. Aromatase mRNA and enzyme activity and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mRNA in breast carcinoma cell lines, including MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, were up-regulated in the presence of patient-derived 32N or 74T intratumoral stromal cells. The results from steroid conversion assays were also consistent with the findings above. The results of our study also showed that aromatase inhibitors were more effective in inhibiting aromatization induced by coculture in MCF-7 than that in stromal 32N. The examination of the localization of aromatase and its regulation, including the interactions existing between different cell types in human breast carcinoma tissues, may provide important information as to achieving better clinical response to aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer patients. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3945–54]
Ornithine decarboxylase, kidney size, and the tubular hypothesis of glomerular hyperfiltration in experimental diabetes
Authors: Scott C. Thomson, Aihua Deng, Dingjiu Bao, Joseph Satriano, Roland C. Blantz, Volker Vallon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

In early diabetes, the kidney grows and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases. This growth is linked to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The study of hyperfiltration has focused on microvascular abnormalities, but hyperfiltration may actually result from a prior increase in capacity for proximal reabsorption which reduces the signal for tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Experiments were performed in Wistar rats after 1 week of streptozotocin diabetes. Kidney weight, ODC activity, and GFR were correlated in diabetic and control rats given difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; Marion Merrell Dow, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) to inhibit ODC. We assessed proximal reabsorption by micropuncture, using TGF as a tool for manipulating single-nephron GFR (SNGFR), then plotting proximal reabsorption versus SNGFR. ODC activity was elevated 15-fold in diabetic kidneys and normalized by DFMO, which also attenuated hyperfiltration and hypertrophy. Micropuncture data revealed an overall increase in proximal reabsorption in diabetic rats too great to be accounted for by glomerulotubular balance. DFMO prevented the overall increase in proximal reabsorption. These data confirm that ODC is required for the full effect of diabetes on kidney size and proximal reabsorption in early streptozotocin diabetes and are consistent with the hypothesis that diabetic hyperfiltration results from normal physiologic actions of TGF operating in a larger kidney, independent of any primary malfunction of the glomerular microvasculature.
Biomimetic Tissue–Engineered Systems for Advancing Cancer Research: NCI Strategic Workshop Report
Authors: Teresa K. Schuessler, Xin Yi Chan, Huanhuan Joyce Chen, Kyungmin Ji, Kyung Min Park, Alireza Roshan-Ghias, Pallavi Sethi, Archana Thakur, Xi Tian, Aranzazu Villasante, Ioannis K. Zervantonakis, Nicole M. Moore, Larry A. Nagahara, Nastaran Z. Kuhn
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Advanced technologies and biomaterials developed for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine present tractable biomimetic systems with potential applications for cancer research. Recently, the National Cancer Institute convened a Strategic Workshop to explore the use of tissue biomanufacturing for development of dynamic, physiologically relevant in vitro and ex vivo biomimetic systems to study cancer biology and drug efficacy. The workshop provided a forum to identify current progress, research gaps, and necessary steps to advance the field. Opportunities discussed included development of tumor biomimetic systems with an emphasis on reproducibility and validation of new biomimetic tumor models, as described in this report.
Erythrocyte membrane vesicles and irreversibly sickled cells bind protein S
Authors: Peter A. Lane, Jacquie L O'Connell, Richard A. Marlar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Plasma levels of free protein S, a vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant, are decreased in persons with sickle cell anemia, but the etiology of the low levels is unknown. Protein S binds to phosphatidylserine-containing phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. Other studies have indicated that phosphatidylserine may be abnormally present on the outer surface of the membrane lipid bilayer of sickle cells and of the spectrin-depleted vesicles they shed in vivo. We studied the binding of purified, radiolabeled protein S to spectrin-depleted erythrocyte membrane vesicles and to density-separated fractions of sickle and normal erythrocytes. Calcium-dependent binding of protein S occurred with vesicles and with well-aerated dense irreversibly sickled cells, but not with well-aerated sickle discocytes or with normal erythrocytes. These data provide further evidence that phosphatidylserine is abnormally present on the outer surface of spectrin-depleted vesicles and of irreversibly sickled cells. In addition, protein S binding to such sickle membranes in vivo may be responsible, in part, for the decreased levels of free protein S in sickle cell plasma.
Underrepresentation of Women, Elderly Patients, and Racial Minorities in the Randomized Trials Used for Cardiovascular Guidelines
Authors: Muhammad Rizwan Sardar, Marwan Badri, Catherine T. Prince, Jonathan Seltzer, Peter R. Kowey
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Samir Bipin Pancholy, MD; Ghanshyam Palamaner Subash Shantha, MD, MPH; Toralben Patel, MD, MPH; Lawrence J. Cheskin, MD