tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P4-12-11: Myelodysplastic Syndrome Post Primary Breast Cancer Treatment: Cases from a Community Cancer Center: 1990–2010.
Authors: HG Kaplan, JA Malmgren, MK Atwood
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has not been well documented or described post breast cancer (BC) treatment. Methods: A cohort of all breast cancer patients from 1989 to 2010 at our institution were followed for incidence of blood disorders of any type by our registry system and by linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry for our area. All cases of post breast cancer leukemia were reviewed for incidence of MDS from a cohort of 9846 cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2010. Coding of cases was assigned by the SEER registry using ICD-0 codes for type of leukemia from pathology reports. 20 cases of MDS were identified and confirmed using SEER coding for MDS and death certificate review if applicable. Variables of interest included age, race, treatment received, recurrence and treatment for recurrence, time interval from breast cancer diagnosis to leukemia diagnosis and time from leukemia diagnosis to follow up or death. Cytogenetic studies were available on 5 of the 20 patients. Results: Mean age of the patients was 56 years, range 33–79, with 65% &amp;lt; age 65. 90% of the patients were white and 10% Asian. TNM BC stage distribution was stage 0=2, stage I=8, stage II=8, and stage III=2. MDS was diagnosed at a median time post BC diagnosis of 65 months, range 8–205 months including 5 patients treated for recurrence and median 47 months, range 8–205 months excluding patients with recurrence. Nine patients had initial chemotherapy treatment, two without initial adjuvant therapy received chemotherapy for recurrence, and 9 received radiation only. Eight of eleven patients who received chemotherapy were treated with doxorubicin. All eleven received cyclophosphamide. Five of the 20 cases had MDS, not otherwise specified (NOS) (9989), 4 cases had MDSaAML, 3 MDS treatment related (9987), 3 refractory anemia (RA) (9980), 3 refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) (9983), 1 RA with sideroblasts (9982), and 1 MDS with 5q deletion. Three of the five patients with cytogenetics available had chromosome 7 abnormalities and one had 11q21,23. Eleven of the 20 patients (55%) died of MDS or MDSaAML with a mean survival of 17 months, range 0.5-72 months. Six patients were alive at follow up with mean survival 56 months, range 43–89. Two of the surviving patients had stem cell transplants. The remaining three patients died of other causes with mean survival 66 months, range 7–109 months. Mean survival of all patients was 36.26 months, range .53-109 months with a significant difference in survival time between the patients that died of MDS, those alive at follow up and those that died of other causes (F statistic 6.56, p=.008). Discussion: MDS is a significant complication of breast cancer treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy with a high rate of associated mortality. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-12-11.
Suppurating Gonococcal Epididymitis: Reports of Three Cases
Authors: P. C. P. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1926)

THESE thlree cases of suppurating gonococcal epididymi tis are recorded on account of the rarityr of the conditioii.They are taken from a total of 1,982 new cases seen in the past seven years.Many of the modern textbooks, such as Thompson's' and Luys's,2 do not mention it as a complication; Reith Fraser3 states that in a purely gonococcal infection there is never suppuration.Harrison4 mentions it, but states, as is borne out by the experience in this clinic, that it very rarely results in abscess formation.It is, however, a possibility that should not be altogether forgotten. CASE I.A seaman, single, aged 25, first attended the clinic on July 17th, 1919.He had had a urethral discharge (in which gonococci were found) for about a fortnight, and a primary sore.He received the usual treatmept for each condition, and went away to sea a few days later, where h-e kept up the-irrigation.He returned in about a month, and attending at the syphilis sessions had no special treatment for the gonorrhoea, which gave him no trouble until September 25th, when he was found to have an acute epididymitis of the right side and a slight discharge containing gonococci.He was admitted to hospital, and an abscess in the epididymis burst during the night.Ai smear of the pus
Points: Standardisation of oral anticoagulant treatment
Authors: L Poller, N N Sen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

raft survival o---o 40, 0. 01 12 2/ 36 48 60 Months after transplantation Graft and patient survival in 42 Australia antigen transplant recipients.by a vaccine which is effective, particularly in those with no abnormalities of their immune system.4There are increased economic demands because these patients need segregated facilities for treatment and well trained staff to handle the haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.It seems strange that we deal with patients with Lassa fever, and yet a patient with a reasonable prognosis is rejected without a murmur.
Arthur Robert Lawrence ("Robin") Abel
Authors: R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2002)

With his outstanding academic record Donald Crowther should have been a consultant physician, possibly at his teaching hospital.Instead, he became one of the finest desk editors of the 20th century, though only by overcoming adversities-a brother's high profile career, his position in a power struggle between the fiery editor of the BMJ and the BMA, and the development in middle life of a severe depressive illness.Journalism ran through Donald's family.
Handgun Purchasers With Misdemeanor Convictions
Authors: Sarah Brady
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND WORSE CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES
Authors: Nicholas A. Mantini, Danny Eapen, Frank Corrigan, Suliman Alradawi, Pankaj Manocha, Riyaz Patel, Muhammad Hammadah, Mohammad Tarek Kabbany, Ravi Nanjundappa, Rostam Zafari, James C. Lee, Hatem Al Kassem, Revanth Yendamuri, Ying X. Liu, Naureen Farook, Aliy M. Ahmed, Mohammad S. Qadir, Laurence Sperling, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Shaking Hands With the Future
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Scientists resent outside interference with their research activities. At the 1974 Annual Meeting of the Federation for Clinical Research, its Public Policy Committee expressed concern that the two new types of review groups—Ethical Review Groups and Protection Committees—which would be established by the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW) might serve to stifle research activity by imposing excessive bureaucratic obstacles to obtaining informed consent for human experimentation. It is considerate of DHEW not to insist on obtaining informed consent from bacteria and viruses. Just think what that would do to scientific research! It is a pity, though, that these microorganisms cannot keep us informed about what they will do to<i>us</i>after we have experimented with them. Such information might deter experiments in regions not reached by the restraining hand of governmental agencies. Areas that are hazardous to man are not limited to human experimentation. One such area
Effect of water on experimentally irritated human skin
Authors: D.W. RAMSING, T. AGNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The effect of water on experimentally irritated skin was studied in 21 healthy volunteers to evaluate water as a primary irritant. Volunteers had one hand exposed to water 15 min twice daily for 2 weeks, while the other hand served as control. The transepidermal water loss and the electrical capacitance were measured reflecting skin barrier function and skin hydration, respectively. The blood flow and the erythema index were measured reflecting inflammation. Water did not significantly influence transepidermal water loss, but caused a significant increase in skin blood flow, as evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. It is concluded that exposure to water 30 min daily for 2 weeks does not influence the barrier of previously subclinically irritated skin. It does, however, elicit an increase in skin blood flow.
Limited clinical activity of nilotinib and sorafenib in FIP1L1-PDGFRA positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia with imatinib-resistant T674I mutation
Authors: G Metzgeroth, P Erben, H Martin, S Mousset, M Teichmann, C Walz, T Klippstein, A Hochhaus, N C P Cross, W-K Hofmann, A Reiter
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
PLATELET PHOSPHATIDES. THEIR FATTY ACID AND ALDEHYDE COMPOSITION AND ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT CLOTTING SYSTEMS*
Authors: Aaron J. Marcus, Harris L. Ullman, Lenore B. Safier, Harold S. Ballard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Previous studies from this laboratory revealed that phosphatidyl serine (PS) isolated from plate- let phospholipid extracts by silicic-acid column chromatography could replace blood platelets in tests of thromboplastin generation and prothrombin consumption of platelet-poor "native" plasma (1, 2).When rigorous criteria of identification were employed, it was found that phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) fractions contained traces of PS (2); coagulant properties were therefore difficult to evaluate.Rouser, O'Brien, and Heller (3) recently accomplished the complete separa- tion of PE from PS by means of a double column technique using silicic acid and ammoniated silicic acid.Their studies were carried out on lipids of beef brain, but the methods could be applied to human brain and platelet extracts.In 1961, an earlier study of the fatty acids of platelet phosphatides with gas-liquid chromatog- raphy was reported (4).PE and PS were then, of necessity, studied as a combined fraction, and similarly the choline phosphatides were not ade- quately separated.In addition, the significance of oxidative changes consequent to prolonged separations and exposure of phospholipids to air was not appreciated, a factor which influenced the over-all results.Zilversmit, Marcus, and Ullman (5) reported that 16 per cent (dry weight) of total platelet lipid extracts were in the plasmalogen form (phospholipids that liberate higher fatty aldehydes on hydrolysis).It could not, however, be determined how the plasmalogen was distributed among indi- vidual phosphoglycerides, although it was known (2) that the b)ulk of plasmalogen was associated * Investigation supported by a grant from the New York Heart Association.
Nuclear Warfare: JAMA Is Too Political and Too One-Sided
Authors: Alexander von Graevenitz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  We wish to protest the blatantly political content of the Aug 2, 1985, issue of JAMA . The MEDICAL NEWS and LETTERS sections each contain two pieces on the theme of atomic warfare, and the SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS, COMMENTARIES, and EDITORIALS contain a total of eight pieces, all with the same political tenor. The BOOKS section reviews five books dealing with nuclear war.  We wonder if these pieces went through a peer review process. Articles with very similar contents by some of the same authors have previously appeared in other journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine and the Annals of Internal Medi  cine , and one looks in vain for authors representing opposing viewpoints, eg, on the nuclear freeze.  We suggest that JAMA refrain from expressing one particular political viewpoint and continue to publish high-quality medical research articles as it has done in the past.
Inhibiting Cxcr2 disrupts tumor-stromal interactions and improves survival in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hideaki Ijichi, Anna Chytil, Agnieszka E. Gorska, Mary E. Aakre, Brian Bierie, Motohisa Tada, Dai Mohri, Koji Miyabayashi, Yoshinari Asaoka, Shin Maeda, Tsuneo Ikenoue, Keisuke Tateishi, Christopher V.E. Wright, Kazuhiko Koike, Masao Omata, Harold L. Moses
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal neoplasms, is characterized by an expanded stroma with marked fibrosis (desmoplasia). We previously generated pancreas epithelium–specific TGF-β receptor type II (Tgfbr2) knockout mice in the context of Kras activation (mice referred to herein as Kras+Tgfbr2KO mice) and found that they developed aggressive PDAC that recapitulated the histological manifestations of the human disease. The mouse PDAC tissue showed strong expression of connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), a profibrotic and tumor-promoting factor, especially in the tumor-stromal border area, suggesting an active tumor-stromal interaction. Here we show that the PDAC cells in Kras+Tgfbr2KO mice secreted much higher levels of several Cxc chemokines compared with mouse pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia cells, which are preinvasive. The Cxc chemokines induced Ctgf expression in the pancreatic stromal fibroblasts, not in the PDAC cells themselves. Subcutaneous grafting studies revealed that the fibroblasts enhanced growth of PDAC cell allografts, which was attenuated by Cxcr2 inhibition. Moreover, treating the Kras+Tgfbr2KO mice with the CXCR2 inhibitor reduced tumor progression. The decreased tumor progression correlated with reduced Ctgf expression and angiogenesis and increased overall survival. Taken together, our data indicate that tumor-stromal interactions via a Cxcr2-dependent chemokine and Ctgf axis can regulate PDAC progression. Further, our results suggest that inhibiting tumor-stromal interactions might be a promising therapeutic strategy for PDAC.
Evidence to back dementia screening is still lacking, committee says
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

GPs have again raised the question of why NHS England persists in promoting dementia “case finding” after the UK advisory body on screening reiterated its view that the current test for dementia was not accurate enough to recommend it for routine use.

After reviewing the evidence on screening people aged over 65 for dementia, the UK National Screening Committee concluded that none of the tests currently used in practice distinguished well enough between people with dementia and those without.1 It also said that for it to recommend screening there would need to be an effective treatment to slow or prevent the condition but that at the moment these did not exist.

The committee said that current tests showed that between seven and 17 in every 100 people over the age of 65 had mild cognitive impairment but that each year only about 5-10% of these would develop dementia. With use of current tests, …
Abstract 4388: beta-Carotene's oxidative breakdown inhibits p53 conformational folding and function
Authors: Brandon G. Bentz, Terry A. Ring, Maureen A. Murtaugh, David M. Burnett, Robert McClane, Frank A. Fitzpatrick
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Lipophilic electrophiles have been found to have the ability to inhibit wild-type p53 protein function through a thioredoxin-dependent inhibition of functional protein folding. One potential extension of this line of research may help to explain the curious findings of certain carotenoid-based chemopreventive clinical trials that found that beta-carotene may be a contributory causal risk of cancer development in patients who actively smoke. Chemical precepts dictate that wild-type p53 function may be inihibited through a similar mechanism by other other lipophilic compounds such as carotenoids within a high redox milieu of ongoing smoking. We ask the question whether the oxidative breakdown of beta-carotene could inhibit p53 function via a similar post-translational mechanism. Using resonance Raman spectroscopy, HPLC, spectrophotometry, and Western blot analysis, we exposed isolated cell-free and intracellular beta-carotene to various oxidant sources such as nitric oxide (NO·), superoxide (O·), and/or the combination of NO· and O· [i.e. SNAP (NO+ donor), Spermine-NONOate (NO. donor), and SIN-1 (NO·/O· donor), and Angeli's salt (an NO[[Unsupported Character - Codename &amp;shy;]]- donor)] as a model of ongoing oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that the oxidative breakdown of beta-carotene specifically by SIN-1 (the donor of NO·/O· causes stabilization of p53, attributable to the accumulation of both “functional” and “non-functional” conformational folding. Finally, we demonstrate that the oxidative breakdown products of beta-carotene can inhibit thioredoxin function, thus providing a biochemical mechanism for the inhibition of wild-type protein folding. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that ongoing oxidation of beta-carotene can inhibit this key cancer-related molecular pathway, through the post-translational inhibition p53 folding and function. These data may provide one biochemical mechanism for the surprising results of initial carotenoid-based chemopreventive cancer trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4388.
Hypoxia induces endothelin gene expression and secretion in cultured human endothelium.
Authors: S Kourembanas, P A Marsden, L P McQuillan, D V Faller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Hypoxia in vivo is associated with constriction of the distal vasculature in the lung. Uniquely situated at the interface between blood and the vessel wall proper, the vascular endothelium may release vasoactive mediators in the setting of hypoxia. Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor released by endothelial cells that could function as a paracrine regulator of vascular tone. We found that physiologic low oxygen tension (PO2 = 30 Torr) increased endothelin secretion from cultured human endothelial cells four to eightfold above the secretion rate at ambient oxygen tension. This increase in secretion was accompanied by a corresponding increase in the transcriptional rate of the preproendothelin gene resulting in increased steady-state mRNA levels of preproendothelin. In contrast, the transcription of a number of other growth-factor-encoding genes, including transforming growth factor-beta, was unaffected by hypoxia. Endothelin transcript production increased within 1 h of hypoxia and persisted for at least 48 h. In addition, the stimulatory effects of low oxygen tension on endothelin mRNA levels were reversible upon reexposure to 21% oxygen environments. These findings suggest a role for endothelin in the control of regional blood flow in the vasculature in response to changes in oxygen tension.
Body Mass Index and Mortality in the Elderly
Authors: Andrew Silver
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Harris et al<sup>1</sup>is an important and useful one, as there are few contemporary studies looking at the relationship between body weight (body mass index) and mortality in the geriatric population. The authors note the U-shaped distribution of increased mortality at the extremes of body mass index, consistent with Andres'<sup>2</sup>findings. Although data are presented that suggest that underweight is associated with increased mortality, this fact is downplayed, with emphasis being placed on being overweight. The finding of increased mortality among those at the lower extreme of body mass index in the "early" follow-up period was attributed to "illness present at baseline." Although chronic diseases can contribute to decreased intake and subsequent loss of body mass, numerous other causes can be responsible, including social factors (poverty and isolation at times of meals), psychological factors (depression and dementia), physical factors (changes in
Cell Membrane–associated Heparan Sulfate Is a Receptor for Prototype Foamy Virus in Human, Monkey, and Rodent Cells
Authors: Md Nasimuzzaman, Derek A Persons
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Foamy viruses (FVs) (spumaretroviruses) are good alternative to retroviruses as gene therapy vector. Despite four decades since the discovery of FV, its receptor molecule is still unknown. FV vector transduction of human CD34+ cells was inhibited by culture with fibronectin. Because fibronectin contains heparin-binding domain, the interactions of fibronectin with heparan sulfate (HS) on cells might be inhibitory to FV transduction. These observations led us to investigate whether HS is a receptor for FV. Two mutant CHO cell lines (but not parental wild type) lacking cell surface HS but not chondroitin sulfate (CS) were largely resistant to FV attachment and transduction. Inhibition of HS expression using enzymes or chemicals greatly reduced FV transduction in human, monkey, and rodent cells. Raji cells, which lack HS and were largely resistant to FV, were rendered more permissive through ectopic expression of syndecan-1, which contains HS. In contrast, mutant syndecan-1-expressing cells were largely resistant to FV. Our findings indicate that cellular HS is a receptor for FV. Identifying FV receptor will enable better understanding of its entry process and optimal use as gene therapy vector to treat inherited and pathogenic diseases. Foamy viruses (FVs) (spumaretroviruses) are good alternative to retroviruses as gene therapy vector. Despite four decades since the discovery of FV, its receptor molecule is still unknown. FV vector transduction of human CD34+ cells was inhibited by culture with fibronectin. Because fibronectin contains heparin-binding domain, the interactions of fibronectin with heparan sulfate (HS) on cells might be inhibitory to FV transduction. These observations led us to investigate whether HS is a receptor for FV. Two mutant CHO cell lines (but not parental wild type) lacking cell surface HS but not chondroitin sulfate (CS) were largely resistant to FV attachment and transduction. Inhibition of HS expression using enzymes or chemicals greatly reduced FV transduction in human, monkey, and rodent cells. Raji cells, which lack HS and were largely resistant to FV, were rendered more permissive through ectopic expression of syndecan-1, which contains HS. In contrast, mutant syndecan-1-expressing cells were largely resistant to FV. Our findings indicate that cellular HS is a receptor for FV. Identifying FV receptor will enable better understanding of its entry process and optimal use as gene therapy vector to treat inherited and pathogenic diseases.