tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer and radon.
Authors: S. J. Wozniak
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The NHS nursing home experiments showed that high quality nursing home care is no cheaper than traditional NHS continuing care.3Furthermore, a recent report by the Social Security Committee highlighted the underfunding of fees for state supported nursing homes.4Before pro- vision of NHS continuing care is considerably reduced the Department of Health must ensure that the need for high quality care for dependent elderly people is being met elsewhere.At present the NHS is still committed to looking after those requiring "nursing care," and many of the highly dependent and their families continue to request this.5Much could be learnt from the experience of other countries (for example, Australia), but so far the policy makers have seemed to ignore this, with the resultant present chaos.A cohesive national policy is needed, but evidence suggests that the muddle will continue (or increase) after the water- shed for community care in April next year.
The Clinical Use of Cyanate in Sickling
Authors: Helen M. Ranney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Over a year ago, Cerami and Manning1 reported their observations that the sickling of red cells containing hemoglobin S was impaired by prior exposure of the erythrocytes to low concentrations of potassium cyanate. Originally, some of the reported effects of urea on sickling were thought to be based on the presence of cyanate that is in equilibrium with urea in aqueous solutions. It has since become abundantly clear that the effects of cyanate and of urea on sickling are quite independent. In an article in this issue of the Journal, Segel and his colleagues report studies in which the . . .
IgE‐reactivity to seven <i>Malassezia</i> species
Authors: A. Zargari, G. Midgley, O. Bäck, S. G. O. Johansson, A. Scheynius
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Abstract Background: Malassezia yeasts play a role in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). The revised genus Malassezia includes several species which all are natural habitants of the human skin. In this study, we evaluated the presence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to different Malassezia spp. in AEDS patients to allow optimization of the characterization of the IgE antibody profile of IgE‐associated AEDS. Methods: Ninety‐six adult patients, with a clinical diagnosis of AEDS, were included in the study. Seventeen of the patients had IgE antibodies to M. sympodialis , ATCC 42132 (m70 ImmunoCAP, Pharmacia, Diagnostic AB, Uppsala, Sweden). The IgE antibodies to seven Malassezia spp. were measured and inhibition immunoblotting was performed to investigate whether M. sympodialis contains all the allergen components present in the other Malassezia spp. Results: Twenty per cent of 79 AEDS patients with a negative m70 ImmunoCAP test had IgE antibodies to at least one of the other six Malassezia spp. tested. Our inhibition studies indicated that Malassezia spp. to a great extent, share allergenic determinants. However, Malassezia species also contained species‐specific allergens. Conclusion: The use of only one species of Malassezia is not sufficient to detect all patients IgE sensitized to Malassezia . To obtain an optimal allergen preparation both common allergenic components as well as species‐specific allergens have to be considered.
Complete Heart Block With Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Stephen A. Eraker
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Thyrotoxicosis developed in a patient while receiving thyroid hormone therapy for clinical hypothyroidism. The development of second-degree heart block of Mobitz type 1 variety was followed by third- and then first-degree heart block. We conclude that the varying degrees of heart block were secondary to hyperthyroxinemia caused by Graves' disease and exogenous thyroid hormone.
Lipoprotein alterations in 10- and 20-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty rats: Hyperinsulinemic versus insulinopenic hyperglycemia
Authors: Janet D. Sparks, Thuy L. Phung, Mary Bolognino, Joanne Cianci, Rohit Khurana, Richard G. Peterson, Mark P. Sowden, James P. Corsetti, Charles E. Sparks
Journal: Metabolism (1998)

Lipoprotein and apoiipoprotein parameters were studied in the male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat at 10 and 20 weeks of age, corresponding to hyperinsulinemic and insulinopenic type 2 diabetes mellitus, respectively.At both ages, ZDF rats had elevated serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, and corticosterone, whereas 20-week ZDF rats had reduced thyroid hormones.At 10 weeks, the hyperlipidemia was confined to elevations in pre-13 triglyceride-rich (d < 1.006 g/mL) lipoproteins.By 20 weeks, all lipoprotein density fractions were increased compared with lean rats, with substantial increases in both low-density lipoprotein (LDL} and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.In ZDF rats, there was a progressive increase in apolipoprotein B (apo B) from 1.9 times control at 10 weeks to three times control at 20 weeks.The increase in apo B was accompanied by a shift of apo B, particularly B100, from very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) into denser lipoproteins corresponding to intermediate-density lipoproteins plus LDLs (1.006 < d < 1.063 g/mL).In Zucker and 10-week ZDF rats, in the presence of hyperinsulinemia, the increase in serum apo B was predominantly apo B48 present in VLDL.By 20 weeks, when ZDF rats are insuiinopenic, the mass ratio of B48:B100 shifted from 2.7 to 0.7.The shift was associated with a decrease in hepatic-edited apo B mRNA.Apo E increased in lean rats between 10 and 20 weeks of age.Although apo E also increased in ZDF rats, the increase by 20 weeks was less than that of lean rats.The molar ratio of apo E to B in VLDL was decreased in ZDF rats.In lean rats, greater than 50% of apo E was present in HDL, in contrast to ZDF rats, where less than 20% of apo E was present in HDL.VLDL apo E shifted to denser fractions by 20 weeks of age, similar to apo B. The apo C level was more than double compared with the level in lean rats and was redistributed from the HDL fraction to lipoprotein fractions containing apo B. Both apo A-I and apo A-IV levels more than doubled between 10 and 20 weeks in ZDF rats.The ZDF rat model may be useful in comparative studies of lipoproteins during diabetic progression from hyperinsulinemia to insulinopenia.
THE CLINICAL TRIAL OF EIGHTEEN ANALOGUES OF PAMAQUIN (PLASMOCHIN) IN VIV AX MALARIA (CHESSON STRAIN) 1
Authors: Alf S. Alving, Theodore N. Pullman, Branch Craige, Ralph Jones, C. Merrill Whorton, Lillian Eichelberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)

In the malarial research program conducted on a national scale during World War II, several drugs were developed which had marked superiority over quinacrine (atabrine) and quinine in their ability to terminate individual attacks of vivax malaria (1).For example, chloroquine (SN-7618) in terms of oral dosage and the re- sulting plasma concentration can be administered in amounts many times that required to suppress the disease (2).The margin between the therapeutic and toxic dose of chloroquine is several times that which exists for quinine and quinacrine.When these new compounds, however, failed, even at high dosages, to affect the relapse rate it seemed doubtful that further extension of research aimed chiefly towards finding a more effective and less toxic, and primarily suppressive, drug would lead
Questions About Gemcitabine Dose Rate: Answered or Unanswered?
Authors: Varsha Gandhi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Even before 2 ,2 -difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC) was given the name gemcitabine, laboratory studies were investigating the biochemical feature of its phosphorylation to demonstrate that the rate of accumulation of its triphosphate (dFdCTP, gemcitabine triphosphate) was saturated by 10 to 20 mol/L of exogenous gemcitabine. The first investigation that established the saturability for gemcitabine triphosphate accumulation was done in a cell line. This was extended to primary cells in vitro and in peripheralblood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during therapy. In the clinic, when gemcitabine was administered at different doses during a standard 30-minute infusion, the rate of intracellular accumulation of gemcitabine triphosphate was highest when plasma gemcitabine was about 20 mol/L. Pharmacokinetic studies during therapy further established that such gemcitabine levels (20 mol/L) were achieved in plasma with a dose rate of 10 mg/m/ min, hence coining the term fixed dose rate (FDR) of gemcitabine. At this dose rate, a continuous increase in gemcitabine triphosphate concentration was observed for up to 18 hours. For the FDR delivery, generally 1,000 or 1,500 mg/m is infused during 100 or 150 minutes, respectively. In contrast, a phase I dose escalation trial established that the maximum tolerated dose of gemcitabine was 2,200 mg/m/wk for 3 weeks when administered as a 30-minute infusion. This half-hour administration has been the most used schedule and has been termed the standard (STD) dose schedule of gemcitabine. Saturation kinetics that led to a defined dose rate have been observed for cytarabine, a prototype of nucleoside analogs. The reason that phosphorylated moieties of cytarabine (cytarabine triphosphate) and gemcitabine (gemcitabine diphosphate, gemcitabine triphosphate) are the active and cytotoxic metabolites of these nucleoside analogs further underscored the importance of the dose rate of infusion during clinical trials. Although several clinical trials have been performed with gemcitabine, either with STD doses or with FDR schedules, only a few were designed to ask two specific questions: First, is there a greater accumulation of gemcitabine triphosphate with a FDR of gemcitabine; and, second, does this result in a better clinical outcome (Table 1).
The Value of Rose Bengal I^131 Hepatic Photoscanning in Poblems of Jaundice.
Authors: William R. Eyler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Value of Rose Bengal I131 Hepatic Photoscanning in Poblems of Jaundice.William R. Eyler, M.D., B. M. Schuman, M.D. (Associate), L. Du Sault, A.B., R. Hinson, M.D.William R. Eyler, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, B. M. Schuman, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, L. Du Sault, A.B.Search for more papers by this author, R. Hinson, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-803_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLiver photoscanning—a technique for localization of circumscribed lesions of the liver—is also a tool for the evaluation of disorders causing jaundice. Unlike Au198, which is stored by the hepatic reticuloendothelial system, isotopically tagged Rose Bengal (RIRB) lends itself to the determination of functional derangement of the liver because it is handled by the liver parenchymal cells and excreted in a physiologic manner. The RIRB hepatic photoscan demonstrates liver size and contour, infers hepatic dysfunction, identifies concentration of bile by the gallbladder, and proves patency of the biliary tract.In a group of patients with intrahepatic jaundice, evidence of parenchymal dysfunction... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Detroit, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 803-803KeywordsAttentionBileBiliary systemCellsGallbladderLesionsLiver ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Stent supported carotid angioplasty (SSCA) in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease: acute and long term results
Authors: F.A. Shawl, A. Efatratiou, F. Lapotinn, A. Dukovaic, T. Shahab, S.B. Hoff, K.G. Dougherty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
It's elemental: research forges climate/health link
Authors: Joan Arehart-Treichel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Hippocrates warned, in the fifth century BC, that "one should be especially on guard against weather changes." Taking that ancient lead, modern investigators are looking for possible links between climate and health. For decades, physicians have expounded on arthritic patients' ability to sense approaching storms, or—more specifically—falling barometric pressure (<i>JAMA</i>1929;92:1995-2000). Now, some experts believe that more subtle climatic variables affect conditions ranging from the psychiatric to the dermatologic. Chief among suspected factors are ion concentration in the ambient air and daily duration of sunlight. Awareness of findings in this regard will "sharpen physicians' diagnostic skills," says Wolf H. Weihe, MD. Weihe, of Zurich's University Hospital, was speaking at an "information exchange" on Weather, Climate, and Human Health, held in Ravensburg-Weissenau, West Germany. Dennis M. Driscoll, PhD, a meteorologist from Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, tells<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES that "these comparatively obscure elements are being
THE METHOD OF APPOINING HOSPITAL INTERNS
Authors: RICHARD M. PEARCE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The many great improvements which have been brought about in recent years in matters of medical education have had to do on the one hand with the preliminary education of the individual, and on the other with the equipment of the schools; that is, their laboratory facilities, clinical material and number of instructors engaged exclusively in teaching and investigation. In regard to these important and fundamental metters definite standards have been established by the better schools, which, as soon as they are widely adopted, will give to medical education a substantial substructure. In order, however, that progress may continue, it is necessary to scrutinize carefully every stage of that training for practice which begins several years before entering a medical school, and ends, not with the conferring of the degree, but, subject to license by the state, with the actual introduction to the responsibilities of practice. A medical school has
Changes in Bone Marrow Inflammatory Cell Progenitors after Inhaled Allergen in Asthmatic Subjects
Authors: LORNA J. WOOD, MARK D. INMAN, RICHARD M. WATSON, RONAN FOLEY, JUDAH A. DENBURG, PAUL M. O'BYRNE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Increases in inflammatory cell progenitors, particularly eosinophil/basophil colony-forming cells (Eo/ B-CFU), occur in peripheral blood after allergen provocation. The role of bone marrow (BM) in these reactions is unclear. We examined the effect of allergen challenge on human bone marrow progenitor cell growth. Fifteen asthmatic subjects, eight dual responders (DR) and seven isolated early responders (IER), were challenged with inhaled allergen. BM aspirates were taken before and 24 h after challenge and progenitors were enumerated by a colony-forming assay. Eo/B-CFU numbers increased in both groups after allergen challenge (p < 0.0001). For DR, the increases were significant for BM incubated with optimal GMCSF and IL-5, but not with IL-3. For IER, the increases were significant for all three cytokines tested. At a suboptimal concentration of IL-5, there was a significant increase in the number of Eo/B-CFU after allergen in the DR, from 5.25 ± 1.2 to 9.68 ± 2.1 per 2.5 × 105 cells plated (p < 0.01), which was not demonstrated in the IER (p = 0.94). The responses at this concentration of IL-5 were different between groups (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that inhaled allergen increases BM Eo/B-CFU, and that the bone marrow of dual responders is more responsive to IL-5 after allergen.
Identification of heme oxygenase-1–specific regulatory CD8+ T cells in cancer patients
Authors: Mads Hald Andersen, Rikke Bæk Sørensen, Marie K. Brimnes, Inge Marie Svane, Jürgen C. Becker, Per thor Straten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Treg deficiencies are associated with autoimmunity. Conversely, CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs accumulate in the tumor microenvironment and are associated with prevention of antitumor immunity and anticancer immunotherapy. Recently, CD4+ Tregs have been much studied, but little is known about CD8+ Tregs and the antigens they recognize. Here, we describe what we believe to be the first natural target for CD8+ Tregs. Naturally occurring HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T cells specific for the antiinflammatory molecule heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were able to suppress cellular immune responses with outstanding efficacy. HO-1-specific CD8+ T cells were detected ex vivo and in situ among T cells from cancer patients. HO-1-specific T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of cancer patients inhibited cytokine release, proliferation, and cytotoxicity of other immune cells. Notably, the inhibitory effect of HO-1-specific T cells was far more pronounced than that of conventional CD4+CD25+CD127- Tregs. The inhibitory activity of HO-1-specific T cells seemed at least partly to be mediated by soluble factors. Our data link the cellular stress response to the regulation of adaptive immunity, expand the role of HO-1 in T cell-mediated immunoregulation, and establish a role for peptide-specific CD8+ T cells in regulating cellular immune responses. Identification of potent antigen-specific CD8+ Tregs may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in both autoimmune diseases and cancer.
PENETRATING WOUND OF PERINEUM WITH PUNCTURE OF THE INTESTINE
Authors: Frederick C. Warnshuis
Journal: JAMA (1922)

This case of unusually severe intra-abdominal injury presents the value of prompt operative interference and reiterates the value of thorough drainage in such types of intra-abdominal trauma. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —G. T., a farmer boy, aged 16, admitted to the hospital at 7 o'clock one evening in June, 1922, had slid down the side of a hay stack at noon that day and landed on the broken handle of a pitchfork that was standing alongside the stack. The handle penetrated the perineum on the right side about an inch from the rectum. He pulled out the handle, lay down on the ground for about an hour, and then walked to the farm house. There was no severe hemorrhage. The boy stated that the handle penetrated a distance of 6 or 7 inches. A physician saw him about five hours later. The boy was complaining of severe abdominal pain. Morphin
RAB-5- and RAB-11-Dependent Vesicle-Trafficking Pathways Are Required for Plasma Membrane Repair after Attack by Bacterial Pore-Forming Toxin
Authors: Ferdinand C.O. Los, Cheng-Yuan Kao, Jane Smitham, Kent L. McDonald, Christine Ha, Christina A. Peixoto, Raffi V. Aroian
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
New Obesity Guidelines
Authors: Michael D. Jensen, Donna H. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatic Failure in a Patient Taking Rosiglitazone
Authors: Lisa M. Forman, David A. Simmons, Robert H. Diamond
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Rosiglitazone maleate is the second approved oral hypoglycemic agent of the thiazolidinedione class. The first, troglitazone, has been associated with liver failure, occasionally resulting in liver transplantation or death. There have been no reports to date of rosiglitazone-associated elevations in the alanine aminotransferase level or hepatotoxicity. Objective: To report the clinical characteristics of liver failure developing in a patient receiving rosiglitazone. Design: Case report. Setting: University hospital. Patient: 69-year-old man taking rosiglitazone, 4 mg/d. Intervention: Discontinuation of rosiglitazone therapy and treatment with lactulose, vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, ventilatory assistance, and intensive care unit support. Measurements: Blood test monitoring, including toxicology screening, liver function tests, coagulation studies, serum chemistries, and complete blood counts. Results: After 21 days of rosiglitazone therapy, hepatic failure developed. Other causes of hepatic failure, such as viruses and toxins, were excluded, although it is possible that congestive heart failure was also a causative factor. The patient recovered fully with supportive care. Conclusion: Rosiglitazone may be associated with hepatic failure.
Increased incidence of faecal coliforms with in vitro adhesive and invasive properties in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Authors: R J Dickinson, S A Varian, A T Axon, E M Cooke
Journal: Gut (1980)

Faecal samples were collected from 23 patients with active ulcerative colitis, 15 patients with established ulcerative colitis in remission, 20 patients with active colitis of cause other than ulcerative colitis, and 20 normal control subjects. Ten coliform colonies were randomly selected from the faecal sample cultures and serotyped before the testing of each different serotype from each sample for adhesive or invasive properties on HeLa cell monolayers. In the patients with both active ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis in remission and those with other types of colitis one serotype tended to dominate the faecal coliform flora. In normal controls more variety was encountered. Thirty-five per cent of the patients with active ulcerative colitis and 27% of the patients with ulcerative colitis in remission had at least one adhesive or invasive faecal coliform as compared with 5% of the patients with other types of colitis and 5% of the normal controls. These findings are significant (P &lt; 0.05) and may have aetiological and therapeutic significance.