tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Study of the molecular mechanism of decreased liver synthesis of albumin in inflammation.
Authors: H J Moshage, J A Janssen, J H Franssen, J C Hafkenscheid, S H Yap
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Hypoalbuminemia in inflammatory disorders is not an infrequent finding. However, little is known about albumin synthesis in these patients. In the present study we have measured the albumin synthesis in four patients with inflammatory diseases using the [14C]carbonate technique. Because inflammation causes a decreased albumin synthesis and this decreased synthesis could not be related to a reduced amino acid supply, we have also examined the possible molecular mechanisms of reduced albumin synthesis during inflammation using in vivo and in vitro experiments in rats. In rats with turpentine-induced inflammation, serum albumin concentration and liver albumin mRNa level were markedly decreased. These changes could not be reproduced by administration of fibrinogen-, or fibrin-degradation products, or several hormones, such as corticosteroids, growth hormone, and adrenaline. However, monocytic products, especially interleukin 1, postulated to be important mediators of the inflammatory response, reduced albumin synthesis and liver albumin messenger RNA content but not total protein synthesis in rats in vivo and in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. These findings suggest that monocytic products play an important role in reduced albumin synthesis during inflammation.
States Modify Certificate to Meet Specific Needs
Authors: Suzann Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

SOME STATES have added questions of their own to this year's death certificate, depending on interests in particular problems. These questions are just for state use, according to statistician George Tolson, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md. <h3>Oregon Asks a Question</h3> For example, Oregon elected to add a question on tobacco use (<i>JAMA</i>. 1988;260:1835). Other states have since done the same. According to indications on death certificates, Oregon's incidence of lung cancer and other respiratory disease correlated with tobacco use is higher than the national average, says Joyce Grant Worly, manager of the state statistical unit. The chance of having lung cancer is 13.5% greater in Oregon, she says, and 76.9% of the state's lung cancer cases have related tobacco use. Oregon residents have a 42.2% greater chance of having respiratory disease. Tobacco is associated with 70% of bronchitis, 81.8% of emphysema, and 76.6% of chronic airway obstruction cases in
Bone Scan, MRI, and FDG PET/CT Findings in Composite Hemangioendothelioma of the Manubrium Sterni
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Yushu Bai, Yang Wang, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Composite hemangioendothelioma (HE) is a recently described rare vascular neoplasm of low-grade malignancy. A 56-year-old man presented with sternum pain for 2 years. Bone scan showed a hot spot in the manubrium sterni. This lesion showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images and high vascularity on enhanced T1-weighted MR images. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake of this osteolytic lesion with SUVmax of 5.9. Malignant tumor was suspected. The patient underwent resection of the lesion. Composite HE was confirmed by pathology.
Reduction of Serum Cholesterol in Heterozygous Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Hiroshi Mabuchi, Takeshi Sakai, Yasuyuki Sakai, Akira Yoshimura, Akira Watanabe, Takanobu Wakasugi, Junji Koizumi, Ryoyu Takeda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We studied the effects of the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine, alone and in combination with the experimental agent compactin (ML-236B), a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on serum levels of lipoproteins in 10 heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. After cholestyramine treatment alone for 2 to 16 months, serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 20 and 28 per cent, respectively. With the addition of compactin for 12 weeks there was a 39 per cent total decrease in serum cholesterol from the control value--from 356 +/- 14 to 217 +/- 10 mg per deciliter (9.27 +/- 0.36 to 5.64 +/- 0.26 mmol per liter [mean +/- S.E.M.]; P less than 0.001)--and a 53 per cent decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol--from 263 +/- 13 to 125 +/- 10 mg per deciliter (6.84 +/- 0.34 to 3.25 +/- 0.26 mmol per liter; P less than 0.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which had increased during cholestyramine treatment, remained at its higher level. No adverse effects were observed. If long-term safety can be demonstrated, the compactin-cholestyramine regimen may prove useful in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. prove useful in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Letter: Disposable bacteriological loops and vaginal discharge.
Authors: R A Sparks, A J Davies
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Disposable bacteriological loops and vaginal discharge SIR,-The investigation of a vaginal discharge involves sample taking from the urethra, cervix, and vagina for Gram staining, culture, and wet-film microscopy.The standard bacteriological swab has certain drawbacks.It is too big to enter the urethra without pain and may be too big to enter the cervical canal.Any Gram films made may be obscured by carbon particles if a charcoal-coated swab is used.A common alternative is the platinum
Lead poisoning as possible cause of deaths at the Swedish House at Kapp Thordsen, Spitsbergen, winter 1872-3
Authors: U. Aasebo, K. G Kjaer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To investigate cause of death in 17 sealers who died in the Swedish house in Kapp Thordsen, Spitsbergen, during the winter of 1872-3.Analysis of skeletal samples from one sealer's grave.Field trip to Spitsbergen to exhume skeletal remains.One of 17 sailors who died in 1872-3.No objective signs of scurvy were found. The concentration of lead in the bone samples was 102.05 microg/g.The high concentrations of lead indicate that this man died from lead poisoning, probably from food tins. The absence of macroscopic signs of scurvy supports this theory.
Intravenous diazoxide in treatment of hypertension associated with recent myocardial infarction
Authors: K P O'Brien, R R Grigor, P M Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Twenty patients with blood pressure over 180/110 mm Hg one hour after admission to a coronary care unit with recent acute myocardial infarction were given intravenous diazoxide in a bolus of 300 mg. The average blood pressure before diazoxide was 194/122 mm Hg. Blood pressure fell considerably in all patients, though six patients required two injections. The average fall was 58 mm Hg systolic and 40 mm Hg diastolic. No patient became severely hypotensive. The heart rate increased by an average of 10 beats/min. In nine patients the electrocardiographic changes immediately after the administration of diazoxide suggested an increase in myocardial injury. Though none of the patients seemed to deteriorate clinically from the diazoxide the electrocardiographic changes suggested that the use of intravenous diazoxide to lower blood pressure in patients with acute myocardial infarction might possibly be deleterious.
Access to Health Care and Preventable Hospitalizations-Reply
Authors: Andrew B. Bindman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Baker points out that, while highly significant, access to care does not explain all of the variation in preventable hospitalization rates. As for his suggestion that our propensity to seek health care measures might have predicted more of the variation in preventable hospitalization rates had we used less serious symptoms, we did not find that to be the case. In addition to the serious conditions we reported on, we also asked respondents about the importance of seeing a physician for five minor conditions (nasal congestion, upset stomach, cough without fever, stomach flu, and sprained ankle). Respondents' ratings of the importance of seeing a physician for these minor symptoms also did not explain variation in preventable hospitalization rates. Perhaps if we had measured symptoms that are more specifically linked to the study conditions, we would have found a stronger association between the propensity to seek health care and
Systolic Flow Augmentation in Hearts Ejecting Into a Model of Stiff Aging Vasculature
Authors: Akio Saeki, Fabio Recchia, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Age-related arterial stiffening and widening of the pulse pressure elevates ventricular systolic wall stress while it lowers diastolic coronary perfusion pressure. These changes are thought to adversely alter the balance between myocardial work load and blood supply. To test this hypothesis, the native compliant thoracic aorta was surgically bypassed by a stiff tube in reflex-blocked anesthetized dogs. Ventricular outflow was directed into either native aorta or the bypass; the latter resulting in an increase in arterial pulse pressure from 37.8 to 107.5 mm Hg ( P &lt;.001), with minimal change in mean pressure and flow. Cardiac work load was assessed by pressure-volume area (PVA), which combines external and internal left ventricular work and is linearly related to myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇ o 2 ), and by MV̇ o 2 itself. Regional phasic and mean coronary flow were measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery, and global flow was assessed by radiolabeled microspheres. Myocardial supply-demand balance was assessed by comparing flow at matched PVA or MV̇ o 2 , flow-PVA relations, and endocardial-to-epicardial flow ratios. When blood flow was directed into the stiff bypass tube, peak systolic pressure, wall stress, and PVA all rose nearly 50%, yet diastolic perfusion pressure fell by 20 mm Hg (all P &lt;.01). Rather than being compromised, however, mean coronary flow rose by 34%, maintaining the same endocardial-to-epicardial flow ratio (≈1.1). Flow augmentation persisted when data were compared at matched work load (PVA or MV̇ o 2 ) and mean arterial pressure, as well as over a range of work loads ( P &lt;.001 from ANCOVA of flow-PVA relations). The increased flow resulted from enhanced systolic perfusion, which nearly equaled diastolic flow when ejection passed into the stiff bypass. These data counter the notion that cardiac coupling with a stiff arterial system (as with aging) necessarily compromises myocardial flow versus metabolic demand. However, the data highlight a greater role of systolic flow under such conditions and also raise the novel suggestion that enhanced pulsatility of the arterial pressure waveform may itself augment coronary perfusion.
Diagnostic value of a guaiac occult blood test and faecal alpha 1-antitrypsin.
Authors: A Moran, D Husband, A F Jones, P Asquith
Journal: Gut (1995)

This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of a faecal occult blood test and faecal alpha 1-antitrypsin in the investigation of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms or iron deficiency anaemia. One hundred and seventy nine patients with either iron deficiency anaemia (n = 67), changed bowel habit and aged &gt; 39 years (n = 107), or a history suggestive of melaena (n = 5) provided faecal samples. After investigation, 32 patients had a diagnosis of possible gastrointestinal bleeding and 139 patients had no evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Eight patients had a cause of enteric protein loss in the absence of gastrointestinal bleeding and were excluded from subsequent analysis. The faecal alpha 1-antitrypsin test was diagnostically more accurate than the guaiac test in identifying probable gastrointestinal bleeding (82% and 72% respectively, p &lt; 0.05). This faecal alpha 1-antitrypsin test was also more specific (83% and 72% respectively, p &lt; 0.05), but was not significantly more sensitive (78% and 72% respectively). The sensitivity of these tests was insufficient to recommend their use for most patients in this study.
Cancer in Kampala: A Survey in an Underdeveloped Country
Authors: J. N. P. Davies, B. A. Wilson, J. Knowelden
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The incidence of cancer amongst the indigenous inhabitants of the African continent has not been established in any area, and estimates have varied from the old statement of Cook (1901) that in Uganda cancer was probably as common as in England, to a recent statement by John G?nther (1955) that cancer is  almost unknown  in Africans. Reports of biopsy and necropsy studies from various parts of Africa (see Steiner, 1954) have suggested that the types and sites of cancer vary considerably in their frequency from those seen in Europe or America. The differences have not as yet been brought out clearly, but they are of general and of local importance. If differences could be clearly demonstrated they might throw light on possible environ mental causes of cancer, and the information gained would be of considerable use in local diagnosis and treatment.
Esophageal Dysmotility as a Serendipitous Observation on Ventilation-Perfusion Imaging of the Lungs
Authors: ANITA MOALLEM, CAROL HILFER, ANOUK STEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Tc-99m DTPA aerosol is often swallowed during inhalation for lung ventilation scans. The authors evaluated a 16-year-old girl with a known history of mixed collagen disorder (positive lupus anticoagulants) for symptoms of cough and acute shortness of breath. Tc-99m DTPA accumulated in the distal esophagus during aerosol inhalation and remained there at the end of the perfusion study, a period of approximately 1 hour. This serendipitous observation antedates clinical signs and symptoms of dysphagia.
Expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-related transcripts and synthesis of biologically active PDGF-like proteins by human malignant epithelial cell lines.
Authors: E Sariban, N M Sitaras, H N Antoniades, D W Kufe, P Pantazis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Human malignant epithelial cell lines were analyzed for expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) genes. Of the 12 cell lines tested, 9, derived from breast, lung, gastric, and ovarian carcinomas, were found to express both PDGF-1 and PDGF-2 genes. The levels of both PDGF-1 and PDGF-2 transcripts were superinduced when these cells were treated with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. These cells also released an activity that in studies with BALB-c/3T3 cells, inhibited binding of 125I-labeled PDGF and stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine. This stimulating activity was inhibited after reduction of the conditioned media by mercaptoethanol or after preincubation with antibodies to PDGF. Moreover, this activity was not affected by heat treatment. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that breast, lung, and gastric carcinoma cells produced PDGF-like proteins that migrated as 30- and 32-kD species under nonreducing conditions and as 15- and 16-kD species under reducing conditions. In contrast, malignant cells of ovarian origin produced 14-16-kD PDGF-like proteins that were unchanged in mobility after reduction. As PDGF receptors were not detected on these malignant epithelial cells, the production of PDGF-like proteins may affect other cells in the microenvironment by paracrine mechanisms and may contribute to excessive cell proliferation, inflammatory reactions, and connective tissue remodeling seen in certain carcinomas.
Accumulation of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: Effect of treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Ingemar Björkhem, Sverre Skrede, Marie S. Buchmann, Cara East, Scott Grundy
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Evidence was recently presented that an essential part of the accumulation of cholestanol in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is due to acceleration of a novel pathway, involving 7α-hydroxylated intermediates in bile acid biosynthesis as precursors (J. Clin. Invest. 1985; 75:448–456). Such intermediates accumulate in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis due to lack of the mitochondrial 26-hydroxylase involved in the major pathway for bile acid biosynthesis. The new pathway may involve the following steps: 7α-hydroxycholesterol→7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one→cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one→4-cholesten-3-one→choles-tanol. Accurate methods have been developed for assay of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one in serum, based on isotope dilution-mass spectrom-etry. The serum levels of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one as well as those of cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one were found to be markedly elevated in the three patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Treatment of two of the patients with chenodeoxycholic acid reduced the serum levels of the two steroids by more than 80%. The concentration of cholestanol was reduced by 72% in one patient and by 48% in the other. The possibility is discussed that accumulation of cholestanol in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is secondary to accumulation of 7α-hydroxy-4-cho-lesten-3-one and cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one.
734. The Influence of Vector Design on Integration Site Selection by gamma-Retroviral and Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Alessandra Recchia, Claudia Cattoglio, Annarita Miccio, Antonella Antonelli, Anna Testa, Giulia Facchini, Daniela Sartori, Giuliana Ferrari, Fulvio Mavilio
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Integration of gamma-retroviral and lentiviral vectors follows non- random patterns in mammalian genomes, with a shared preference for active chromatin regions but a different propensity to integrate in the proximity of transcription start sites. Retroviral integration preferences increase the risk of activation and/or deregulation of genes surrounding the integration site, and account for a concrete risk of insertional mutagenesis/oncogenesis. The molecular basis of the preference of retroviral pre-integration complexes is poorly understood, particularly in the case of gamma-retroviruses. Here we investigate the effect of vector design on the integration pattern of MLV- and HIV-derived retroviral vectors in the context of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In both vector frameworks, we have compared three different designs, sharing an identical vector backbone (a GFP gene under the control of viral LTRs and a ?LNGFR reporter gene under the control of an internal promoter) but differing in the LTR configurations. The first design maintains wild type LTRs, the second carries a deletion in the U3 region (SIN), while in the third the U3 enhancer is replaced by an erythroid-specific enhancer element of the GATA-1 gene. Finally, the MLV U3 enhancer was swapped into an HIV LTR in a lentiviral vector context. A linker-mediated PCR technique (LM-PCR) has been optimized to evaluate the integration patterns of the three different constructs in CD34+ cells. 200 to 400 integration events were collected for each vector and mapped onto the human genome. Integration sites were comparatively analyzed, and correlated with the activity of genes located within an interval of 30 kb upstream and downstream from the insertion sites, as estimated from microarray gene expression profiles of mock-transduced CD34+ cells. Genomic sequences flanking the integration sites (±500 bp) were analyzed by a series of parameters, including a principal-component analysis of the content and arrangement of putative transcription factor binding sites. Our data indicate that LTR modification affects the normal retroviral integration pattern, suggesting that vector design may have an impact on the safety characteristics of retroviral vectors in clinical applications.
TCT-331 Experience Is Associated with Shorter Procedure Time And Reduced Radiation With Robotic-Enhanced Coronary Intervention – Results From The PRECISE Multi-Center Study
Authors: Giora Weisz, D. Christopher Metzger, Ronald Caputo, Juan Delgado, Jeffrey Marshall, George Vetrovec, Mark Reisman, Ron Waksman, Fernando Sosa, Augusto Pichard, Juan Granada, Jeffrey Moses, Joseph Carrozza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Care of the Newborn
Authors: Stewart H. Clifford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

FOR many years neonatal mortality rates resisted all efforts at reduction. In Massachusetts from 1910 to 1930 the infant mortality occurring from two weeks of age to one year fell over 60 per cent while the neonatal death rate fell but 14 per cent (Fig. 1). However, during the past fifteen years there has been a gratifying fall of 32 per cent in neonatal mortality, from a rate of 31 deaths per 1000 live births to a rate of 21. Despite this improvement the first two weeks still remains the most dangerous period in life — 64 per cent of . . .
MRSA USA300 Clone and VREF — A U.S.–Colombian Connection?
Authors: Cesar A Arias, Sandra Rincon, Shahreen Chowdhury, Ernesto Martínez, Wilfrido Coronell, Jinnethe Reyes, Sreedhar R Nallapareddy, Barbara E Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: In the United States, the dissemination of a major clone of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), designated USA300, and outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREF) have been described.1,2 Community-associated MRSA infections emerged in Colombia in 2005,3 and a total of 15 community-associated MRSA infections were documented in four cities in 2006 and 2007. All the patients presented with severe skin and soft-tissue infections, which were often complicated by necrotizing fasciitis, bacteremia, paraspinal abscess, arthritis, or meningitis, with a mortality rate of 20%. The first known Colombian VREF isolate was recovered in a hospital in Bogota in . . .
PNPLA3 rs738409, hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and risk model prediction in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Erwan Guyot, Angela Sutton, Pierre Rufat, Christelle Laguillier, Abdellah Mansouri, Richard Moreau, Nathalie Ganne-Carrié, Michel Beaugrand, Nathalie Charnaux, Jean-Claude Trinchet, Pierre Nahon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Fragment of Great-Vessel Wall Causing Cerebral Embolism
Authors: Theodore A. Gulkin, Arthur K. Asbury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

CEREBRAL embolism has occurred because of atheromatous material,1 air,2 fat3 and other substances,4 either accidentally or as a consequence of surgery. The case reported below appears to be a unique example of cerebral embolism due to an avulsed fragment of normal great-vessel wall occurring as a result of violent trauma.Case ReportA 33-year-old woman was taken to the Beth Israel Hospital by the police after the automobile she was driving smashed head on into a tree. On arrival, she had multiple fractures of the left leg and thoracic cage, with a flail chest and bilateral hemopneumothorax. She was obtunded, . . .