tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
www.smokehaz.eu - a review of the evidence on smoking and lung health
Authors: B. Ward
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the landmark report on smoking and health, released by US Surgeon General Dr. Luther Terry [1].It was the first US government advisory committee report linking smoking and ill health.The report was a wake-up call for America and the world.The Advisory Committee, headed up by Terry, concluded in 1964 that: ''Cigarette smoking contributes substantially to mortality from certain specific diseases and to the overall death rate.''''Cigarette smoking is causally related to lung cancer in men; the magnitude of the effect of cigarette smoking far outweighs all other factors.The data for women, though less extensive, point in the same direction.''''Cigarette smoking is the most important of the causes of chronic bronchitis in the United States, and increases the risk of dying from chronic bronchitis and emphysema.''''Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from coronary artery disease than non-smoking males…'' This rigorous scientific report laid the foundation for tobacco control efforts in the USA and around the world.This year sees the welcome continuation of the Terry tradition of rigorous science with the launch of a project of the Tobacco Control Committee of the European Respiratory Society (ERS): a scientific review on the health hazards of smoking (SmokeHaz).The SmokeHaz concept was championed by Prof. Christina Gratziou as part of her three-year work plan as chair of the Tobacco Control Committee.It is a collaboration between the ERS and the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS).The two organisations joined forces, and together with the European Lung Foundation (ELF), produced a website aimed at policy makers, primarily focused on the respiratory health hazards associated with smoking.The research was carried out by the UKCTAS with funding from the ERS.The website was developed by the ELF.The ERS Tobacco Control Committee had oversight of the project.Following approval by the Executive Committee of the ERS, the website is now available online at www.smokehaz.eu.The research focuses on respiratory health hazards in the first instance; however, this could be extended to other health hazards in future if funding and further collaboration opportunities arise.The SmokeHaz review is very much
A Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Symptoms and Quality of Life in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Gregory L. Austin, Christine B. Dalton, Yuming Hu, Carolyn B. Morris, Jane Hankins, Stephan R. Weinland, Eric C. Westman, William S. Yancy, Douglas A. Drossman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Release of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in relation to circulating TNF during experimental endotoxinemia.
Authors: G A Spinas, U Keller, M Brockhaus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Serial plasma samples from human volunteers obtained after intravenous administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin were analyzed for the presence of circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR). A four- to fivefold increase of type A (p75) and type B (p55) sTNFR was observed 3 h after endotoxin challenge. Pretreatment of the volunteers with ibuprofen before the injection of endotoxin resulted in a slight increase (3.87 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.27 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) and temporal shift of sTNFR-A release concurrent to a marked augmentation of TNF levels (603 +/- 118 vs. 338 +/- 56 pg/ml) as compared to the group without ibuprofen pretreatment. There was a significant correlation between peak sTNFR-A levels and peak TNF levels in the individual probands (r = 0.52, P = 0.04). On the contrary, release kinetics and plasma concentrations of sTNFR-B were identical in both groups (7.38 +/- 0.69 vs. 7.44 +/- 0.33 ng/ml) and no correlation with individual TNF levels was observed. The amount of sTNFR liberated upon endotoxin challenge was not sufficient to block TNF-mediated cytotoxic effects. Our data indicate that the release in vivo of type A and type B sTNFR upon a short exposure to endotoxin is regulated differently.
Objective predictors of response for staple versus laser emphysematous lung reduction.
Authors: M Brenner, R McKenna, A Gelb, K Osann, M J Schein, J Panzera, H Wong, M W Berns, A F Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Recently described surgical approaches to the treatment of emphysema, including buttressed stapled volume reduction and laser coagulation, are associated with variable clinical outcomes. We examined objective preoperative factors as predictors of response to treatment in patients enrolled in a randomized trial of staple versus laser volume-reduction surgery in order to help define patient selection criteria for these procedures. Seventy-two patients with severe symptomatic emphysema without bullae were entered into the protocol (39 staple, 33 laser). Preoperative objective variables (pulmonary function tests, smoking history, demographics, and graded chest computed tomographic [CT] scans) were evaluated as predictors of response to treatment (defined as a change in FEV1) at 3- to 6-mo follow-up, using linear and multivariate regression analysis. Follow-up pulmonary function was obtained on 90% of the 68 patients surviving at 6 mo. Overall improvement was significant only for staple-treated patients, and improved outcome correlated with greater smoking history and younger age for staple-treated patients. When physiologic variables were analyzed, greater smoking history, lower DL(CO), and younger age predicted improved outcome for laser-treated patients. Preoperative FEV1 and gas-exchange variables did not predict outcome in staple-treated patients. When CT scan grading was included in multivariate regression analysis, hyperinflation (increased thoracic gas volume) was the primary predictor of response for laser-treated patients. These findings suggest that younger patients with evidence of advanced emphysematous lung disease and hyperinflation are optimal candidates for lung-volume-reduction surgery, particularly by staple-reduction techniques. Additional studies with long-term follow-up, bilateral procedures, and assessment of other outcome measures must be performed to further define operative criteria for lung-volume-reduction surgery for emphysema.
How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats
Authors: Nicole M. Foley, Vu Dinh Thong, Pipat Soisook, Steven M. Goodman, Kyle N. Armstrong, David S. Jacobs, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Emma C. Teeling
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

The phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships among the Old World leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideridae) and the closely related horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae) remain unresolved. In this study, we generated a novel approximately 10-kb molecular data set of 19 nuclear exon and intron gene fragments for 40 bat species to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae. We estimated divergence times and explored potential reasons for any incongruent phylogenetic signal. We demonstrated the effects of outlier taxa and genes on phylogenetic reconstructions and compared the relative performance of intron and exon data to resolve phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analyses produced a well-resolved phylogeny, supporting the familial status of Hipposideridae and demonstrated the paraphyly of the largest genus, Hipposideros. A fossil-calibrated timetree and biogeographical analyses estimated that Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae diverged in Africa during the Eocene approximately 42 Ma. The phylogram, the timetree, and a unique retrotransposon insertion supported the elevation of the subtribe Rhinonycterina to family level and which is diagnosed herein. Comparative analysis of diversification rates showed that the speciose genera Rhinolophus and Hipposideros underwent diversification during the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. The intron versus exon analyses demonstrated the improved nodal support provided by introns for our optimal tree, an important finding for large-scale phylogenomic studies, which typically rely on exon data alone. With the recent outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome, caused by a novel coronavirus, the study of these species is urgent as they are considered the natural reservoir for emergent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses. It has been shown that host phylogeny is the primary factor that determines a virus's persistence, replicative ability, and can act as a predictor of new emerging disease. Therefore, this newly resolved phylogeny can be used to direct future assessments of viral diversity and to elucidate the origin and development of SARS-like coronaviruses in mammals.
Use of a transparent cap for endoscopic drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst
Authors: J. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, E. Mendoza-Fuerte, A. Garza-Galindo, J. Leal-Salazar, H. Maldonado-Garza
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

The usefulness of a transparent endoscope cap in difficult cases has been described [1]. The use of this device to facilitate endoscopic access to a pancreatic pseudocyst prior to drainage has not been reported before.
Surgical Management of Aorto-Iliac Occlusive Vascular Disease
Authors: Edwin J. Whitman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The authors have analyzed the results of direct surgical attack on aorto-iliac occlusive disease in 80 patients at a clinic in the 3 years from 1957 through 1959. Of the 87 procedures performed, 28 were thrombo-endarterectomies, and 59 consisted of insertion of plastic prostheses. Morbidity and mortality rates were considered reasonable when compared with those of other major procedures. The risk of operation was about 2 per cent. Study of the early and late results in these cases indicates that surgery has much to offer many patients with occlusive vascular disease of the aorta and iliac vessels.
Circulatory Physiology: Cardiac Output and Its Regulation
Authors: Joseph C. Greenfield
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In the preface Dr. Guyton states that this book was written "to present an analysis of cardiac output regulation that we have developed over the past ten years." Since much of the material in the text has not been previously published, the work should not be considered merely a review of the subject. The monograph is divided into five general sections. The first is primarily a discussion of the various methods for estimating cardiac output. In general, this part is quite complete and well presented. In the next two sections, "Regulation of Cardiac Pumping Action" and "Regulation of Venous Return," the classic concepts of cardiac function and circulatory regulation are briefly reviewed. However, the major body of material presented was obtained from Dr. Guyton's wide personal experience. He very ably develops the concept of the "mean circulatory pressure" in the control of cardiac output. The various concepts and data are
PULMONARY EMBOLISM FOLLOWING VARICOSE VEIN INJECTION
Authors: I. A. Brunstein
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recent articles on pulmonary embolism following injection of varicose veins (The Journal, Aug. 2, 1941, p. 347, and April 11, 1942, p. 1293) emphasize the danger of this complication. In most cases the treatment of varicosities is elected by the patient as a preventive and is not an emergency measure. Frequent occurrence of fatal complications would justly discourage the practitioner from undertaking this method of therapy and deter the patient from submitting to it. In the correspondence inThe Journalcontradictory technics are suggested. Dr. Biegeleisen (Sept. 15, 1941, p. 954) advises the use of mild initial injections. Drs. Traub and Isaac (June 20, 1942, p. 670) urge the use of large amounts of strong solutions to produce extensive damage to the intima, insisting that 1.5 cc. of sodium morrhuate 5 per cent is a small dose of a weak solution. However, in the case of Num
Gene expression signatures separate B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia prognostic subgroups defined by ZAP-70 and CD38 expression status
Authors: A Hüttmann, L Klein-Hitpass, J Thomale, R Deenen, A Carpinteiro, H Nückel, P Ebeling, A Führer, J Edelmann, L Sellmann, U Dührsen, J Dürig
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
A 52-Year-Old Man With a Positive PPD, 1 Year Later
Authors: Erin E. Hartman, Tom Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
912. Accelerated Chondrogenesis in Nanofiber Scaffolds Containing BMP-2 Genetically Engineered Chondrocytes
Authors: Robert T. Gorsline, Jin Nam, Prasarn Tangkawattana, John Lannutti, Alicia L. Bertone
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Articular cartilage injury and erosion is a common cause of joint pain often leading to osteoarthritis and permanent morbidity. This research sought to determine if genetically engineered chondrocytes can sustain chondrogenesis in a biodegradable nanofiber scaffold. We hypothesized that chondrocytes would adhere, seed, proliferate, and produce extracellular matrix proteins typical of articular cartilage within a polycaprolactone nanofiber scaffold and this would be accelerated and more robust with hBMP-2 genetically engineered cells. Equine chondrocytes were seeded onto electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber sheets of 150-200μm thickness and 10μm pore size and cultured in Snapwell plates across a serum gradient of 10% or 30% FBS for 2, 7, 14 and 21 days at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5×106 cells/ml density. Best chondrocyte penetration into the scaffold was achieved with 1×106 cell seeding density and 30% serum gradient in which cells on the surface at day 2 penetrated 3/4 into the scaffold by day 7. Using these conditions, chondrocytes were cultured in triplicate either untreated, transduced with Adenoviral [Ad]-GFP, or transduced with Ad-human (h) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 for 14 days. Constructs were quantitatively evaluated for cell proliferation (DNA [ug/ml]), % viability (confocal microscopy), and matrix expression (proteoglycan (ng/ml), aggrecan (ddCT), collagen 1 (ddCT), and collagen II (ddCT). Using equine specific primers and probes, mRNA levels were expressed as ratios to 18Srna and to controls (ddCT;Fig. 1, Fig. 2). BMP-2 production and transduction efficiency (%GFP+ cells) were compared. Viable cells (>90%) and high transduction efficiency (>80%) were confirmed within the biodegradable three-dimensional nanofiber scaffold using confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Accelerated and more robust expression and production of BMP-2, aggrecan and collagen II, and to a lesser extent collagen 1, persisted in the AdBMP2 treated chondrocytes within the scaffold. Use of nanofiber scaffolds to culture chondrocytes is novel and yielded a cell-supporting, biocompatible, and biodegradable tissue- and genetically-engineered construct for potential use in one-step articular cartilage repair in vivo.Fig. 2View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)
Hepatic Photoscanning In Hydatid Liver Cysts
Authors: William A. Sodeman, Thomas P. Haynie
Journal: JAMA (1964)

DIAGNOSIS and management of hydatid liver cysts have been hampered in the past by the lack of a simple method of visualizing liver tumors. Recently, photoscanning of the liver with rose bengal I 131 or colloidal gold Au 198 has permitted visualization of liver tumors by a simple atraumatic technique. Case reports of two patients are presented to emphasize the value of hepatic photoscanning in the diagnosis and management of this condition. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 31-year-old Greek woman had resided in the US for six years. She was admitted to the University of Michigan Medical Center in March, 1961. History disclosed bouts of self-limited right upper quadrant pain radiating to the flank and scapula unaccompanied by other gastrointestinal symptoms. Pain occurred in exacerbations over a six-year period, gradually becoming more frequent. Scleral icterus first appeared in 1958 and was noted occasionally over the next two years. In
Limy Bile Syndrome
Authors: LeRoy R. Besic
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THOUGH FIRST described in 1911 (Churchman),<sup>1</sup>the limy bile syndrome remains obscure. It is characterized by the presence of radiopaque material within the gallbladder or common duct.<sup>2,3</sup>On a single x-ray film it may cast a shadow indistinguishable from a normal cholecystogram. Limy bile is a synonym of milk of calcium bile of Volkmann.<sup>4</sup>This lime or calcium is usually calcium carbonate, less often, calcium phosphate, or calcium bilirubinate. Its source remains disputed. Three somewhat divergent origins, however, have been suggested. It may be precipitated from bile by an obstructed gallbladder<sup>5</sup>; it may be secreted by an abnormal gallbladder<sup>6</sup>; or it may be a product of abnormal liver function.<sup>7</sup>Some clinical and experimental evidence tends to support each view. Almost all agree, however, that it is associated with a degree of cystic duct obstruction.<sup>8</sup>Cystic duct stones are present in 75% of cases. The
Middle Man in the Prostate Puzzle
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US health care. III: The reform problem.
Authors: J. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1992)

This is the final part in the series. Part II appeared in last week's issue America: a country that spends more on health care than any other nation but where one in five of the population is not guaranteed access to basic care ... a country with a $666 billion health care industry whose members have competing interests and significant political lobbying power ... a country whose citizens want to consume more health care but pay less for it... a country with numerous proposals for health care reform, none satisfying all the key players... a country with a tradition of market solutions to policy problems, a low profile role for government, and an inclination towards incremental rather than radical change ... a country where the presidential administration and Congress are of a different political stripe, each needing the other's support to pass legislation on health care reform ... a country with a federal budget deficit of over $300 billion and currently a president who will veto any legislation requiring higher taxes.... All this adds up to a country with health care policy gridlock. In this, the final article in the series on health care in the United States we examine how far health care
HIGH GRADE CHOKED DISKS IN EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: WILLIAM G. SPILLER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The diagnosis of epidemic encephalitis may in some instances be difficult; the symptoms may resemble those of brain tumor, and this difficulty may be greatly increased when choked disks are present. Some physicians believe that choked disks do not occur in epidemic encephalitis, but I have had at least three cases in which the diagnosis of encephalitis seemed to me definite, and yet choked disks were present. It is singular that all three cases were in boys, two 16 years old and one 17. I have made some investigation of the literature to determine what is published concerning choked disks in epidemic encephalitis. Holden<sup>1</sup>reported on the eye symptoms noted in 100 consecutive case histories of epidemic encephalitis at Mount Sinai Hospital. It is not stated whether the eyegrounds were examined in every case. There was noted in four patients a blurring of the optic disks, and in one
Correlation of Hemodynamic Data and Pulmonary Angiography in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: JAMES J. SIDD, ROSEMARY A. DERVAN, O. STEVENS LELAND, ARTHUR A. SASAHARA
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The abnormalities of pulmonary arterial blood supply in mitral stenosis, consisting primarily of constriction of lower lobe vessels with resultant upper lobe preferential flow, was assessed by means of pulmonary angiography in 30 patients with mitral stenosis uncomplicated by other cardiac diseases. The abnormalities in blood flow correlated best with both the pulmonay artery pressure and the pulmonary arteriolar resistance, and only reasonably well with the area of the mitral valve and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. It is suggested that the reversal of the normal lower lung field preferential blood flow in mitral stenosis is primarily a function of pulmonary artery hypertension due to increased pulmonary arteriolar resistance. Similarly, the width of the right main pulmonary artery as measured on pulmonary angiograms correlated well with both the pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance and less well with the area of the mitral valve. Pulmonary artery size in mitral stenosis is most likely a function of the severity of the pulmonary arteriolar resistance as reflected in the pulmonary artery pressure.