tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5104: Serum metabolomic profiles acquired by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) distinguish patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma from those with benign pancreatic disease
Authors: Yarrow J. McConnell, Aalim M. Weljie, Karen A. Kopciuk, Elijah Dixon, Francis Sutherland, Nicole Dunse, Oliver F. Bathe
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is often difficult to accurately distinguish from benign pancreatic lesions such as pancreatitis. Accurate preoperative identification of patients with benign disease may reduce the number of highly invasive and costly pancreatic resections conducted in this group. This study aims to identify differences in the metabolomic profile of serum between patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma versus benign pancreatic disease. Methods: Fasting serum samples were collected, as part of an institutional biorepository program (IRB#E20846), from patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma or benign pancreatic disease. Accompanying clinical data were collected prospectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) spectra were acquired for aqueous metabolites and analyzed using multivariate methods (orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) using SIMCA-P+ (V12.0.1) software. Metabolite identification was conducted using the TargetSearch approach. Results: Of the 136 included patients, 101 had pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 35 had benign pancreatic disease (26 pancreatitis/pseudocyst, 7 serous cystic neoplasm, 2 other). Median patient age was 66 years, 51.4% were male, 22.8% were jaundiced, and 79.4% presented with a common bile duct stricture or pancreatic mass. The metabolomic profile of serum from patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma was significantly different from that of patients with benign pancreatic disease based on OPLS-DA modelling (p=0.0004). Overall, the profile contained 168 targeted metabolites, of which 14 were significantly different between malignant and benign pancreatic disease on multivariate modeling. Conclusion: The serum metabolomic profiles of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and benign pancreatic disease differ significantly. Further analysis of these differences may yield a novel serum test to distinguish these lesions in clinical practice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5104. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5104
Printed information for the lay public on cardiovascular disease.
Authors: M O'Hanrahan, K O'Malley, E T O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Booklets from several countries on various aspects of cardiovascular disease, intended for distribution to the public and to patients, could be classified into three categories dealing with primary prevention, secondary prevention, and management. Much material was duplicated, whereas some diseases were completely ignored. Only two types of booklets should be available. One would deal with preventive measures for all cardiovascular diseases, while the other would be a series of booklets on individual conditions, combining information on secondary prevention and on management.
Blockade of CTLA-4 on both effector and regulatory T cell compartments contributes to the antitumor activity of anti–CTLA-4 antibodies
Authors: Karl S. Peggs, Sergio A. Quezada, Cynthia A. Chambers, Alan J. Korman, James P. Allison
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a critical negative regulator of immune responses. Uniquely among known inhibitory receptors, its genetic ablation results in a fulminating and fatal lymphoproliferative disorder. This central regulatory role led to the development of antibodies designed to block CTLA-4 activity in vivo, aiming to enhance immune responses against cancer. Despite their preclinical efficacy and promising clinical activity against late stage metastatic melanoma, the critical cellular targets for their activity remains unclear. In particular, debate has focused on whether the effector T cell (Teff) or regulatory T cell (T reg cell) compartment is the primary target of antibody-mediated blockade. We developed a mouse expressing human instead of mouse CTLA-4, allowing us to evaluate the independent contributions of CTLA-4 blockade of each T cell compartment during cancer immunotherapy in an in vivo model of mouse melanoma. The data show that although blockade on effector cells significantly improves tumor protection, unicompartmental blockade on regulatory cells completely fails to enhance antitumor responses. However, concomitant blockade of both compartments leads to a synergistic effect and maximal antitumor activity. We conclude that the combination of direct enhancement of Teff cell function and concomitant inhibition of T reg cell activity through blockade of CTLA-4 on both cell types is essential for mediating the full therapeutic effects of anti–CTLA-4 antibodies during cancer immunotherapy.
New Paradigms in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Is It Time to Risk-Stratify Treatment Based on the Proliferative Signature?
Authors: Martin Dreyling, Simone Ferrero, Niklas Vogt, Wolfram Klapper
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The elucidation of crucial biologic pathways of cell survival and proliferation has led to the development of highly effective drugs, some of which have markedly improved mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) therapeutic opportunities in the past 10 years. Moreover, an undeniable clinical heterogeneity in treatment response and disease behavior has become apparent in this neoplasm. Thus, the need for biologic markers stratifying patients with MCL in risk classes deserving different treatment approaches has recently been fervently expressed. Among several newly discovered biomarkers, the dismal predictive value of a high proliferative signature has been broadly recognized in large studies of patients with MCL. Different techniques have been used to assess tumor cell proliferation, including mitotic index, immunostaining with Ki-67 antibody, and gene expression profiling. Ki-67 proliferative index, in particular, has been extensively investigated, and its negative impact on relapse incidence and overall survival has been validated in large prospective clinical trials. However, one important pitfall limiting its widespread use in clinical practice is the reported interobserver variability, due to the previous lack of a standardized approach for quantification among different laboratories. In the present review, we describe some of the major techniques to assess cell proliferation in MCL, focusing in particular on the Ki-67 index and its need for a standardized approach to be used in multicenter clinical trials. The value of MCL biologic prognostic scores (as MIPI-b) is discussed, along with our proposal on how to integrate these scores in the planning of future trials investigating a tailored therapeutic approach for patients with MCL. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Paradigm Shifts in Lymphoma."
Expression of Interleukin-7 Receptor by Lineage-Negative Human Bone Marrow Progenitors With Enhanced Lymphoid Proliferative Potential and B-Lineage Differentiation Capacity
Authors: Daniel H. Ryan, Bonnie L. Nuccie, Ion Ritterman, Jane L. Liesveld, Camille N. Abboud, Richard A. Insel
Journal: Blood (1997)
Nonenzymatic glycosylation-induced modifications of intact bovine kidney tubular basement membrane.
Authors: S S Anderson, E C Tsilibary, A S Charonis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We examined structural changes in bovine kidney tubular basement membrane (TBM) following in vitro nonenzymatic glycosylation (NEG). Isolated TBM was incubated for 2 wk at 37 degrees C in the absence of sugar or in the presence of either glucose or ribitol under conditions that minimized degradation and oxidative damage. NEG and crosslink formation in glycated TBM were confirmed by decreased solubility, increased amounts of low mobility material by SDS-PAGE, and increased specific fluorescence compared to controls. Morphological analysis using high resolution, low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM) revealed a complex three-dimensional meshwork of interconnecting strands with intervening openings. Glycated TBM underwent distinct morphological changes, including a 58% increase in the amount of image surface area occupied by openings. This was due to an apparent increase in the number of large openings (diameters > 12.5 nm), whereas the number of small openings (diameters < 12.5 nm) remained unchanged. These findings corroborate earlier physiological studies, which established that the loss of glomerular permselectivity seen in patients with diabetic nephropathy is due to the formation of large pores in the kidney filtration barrier of which the BM is a major component. We conclude that NEG and crosslink formation among BM components lead to modifications of BM ultrastructure, which could play a role in loss of barrier function in diabetic microangiopathy and nephropathy.
A Clinical Lecture ON TENDON TRANSPLANTATION: Delivered at Salford Royal Hospital on April 29th, 1922
Authors: R. Ollerenshaw
Journal: BMJ (1922)

THE operation of tendon transplantation, which is also known under several other names, suclh as tendon graftina, tendon imnplantation, and transference of muscle power, has gradually come to occupy a most important place in orthopaedic treat- ment.It is well, in dealing with such a subject as this, to refer to its origin and to mention briefly the pioneers who conceived the ideas which their successors have developed.In 1882 Nicoladoni1 introduced the operation in thie treatment of infantile paralysis; unfortunately, he appears to lhave first tried it in an unsuitable case, in wllich it proved to be unsuccessful.For this reason he did not follow up the idea any farther.Ten years later Parrish " in America and Drobnilk 8 in Germany botlh revived it.Since that time the Americans, particularly Bradford, Lovett, Wlhitman, and Goldtlhwait, lhave worked extensively at the subject, as also have Hoffa,4 Lange,5 and Vulpius6 in Germany.Our own
The Handbook of Research Synthesis
Authors: R Hanka
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Harris Cooper, Larry V Hedges, Russell Sage Foundation, $49.95, pp 573 ISBN 0-87154-226-9

Methods for combining results across different studies have existed since the early ‘thirties, but the use of quantitative techniques for synthesising research results was rare until about 15 years ago. Meta- analysis, as the statistical analysis of a large collection of results from individual studies is called, has now achieved a status of respectability in medicine.

This respectability, when combined with the slight hint of mystique …
Cardiac Rehabilitation Services and Risk Reduction
Authors: Jill Downing
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1989Cardiac Rehabilitation Services and Risk ReductionJill Downing, MDJill Downing, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-3-258 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:The review by Drs. Greenland and Chu (1) on cardiac rehabilitation services and the accompanying position paper (2) developed by the Health and Policy Committee, American College of Physicians base their discussions of program components on a definition of cardiac rehabilitation that focuses on the restorative function of this intervention. Although programs for cardiac rehabilitation were originally based on a restorative model of care (3), subsequent epidemiologic research identifying specific risk factors associated with the development of coronary artery disease and the demonstration that the modification of those risk factors could alter cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (4)...References1. Greenland P and Chu J. Efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation services. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:650-62. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Cardiac rehabilitation services. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:671-3. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Hellerstein H and Ford A. Rehabilitation of the cardiac patient. JAMA. 1957;164:225-30. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. . Exercise electrocardiogram and coronary heart disease in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol. 1985;55:16-24. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Blankenhorn D, Nessim S, Johnson R, Sanmarco M, Azen S, and Cashin-Hemphill L. Beneficial effects of combined colestipolniacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts. JAMA. 1987;257:3233-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. Greenland P and Chu J. Efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation services. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:650-63. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Siegel D, Grady D, Browner W, and Hulley S. Risk factor modification after myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:213-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jill Downing, MDAffiliations: Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1989Volume 111, Issue 3Page: 258-259KeywordsCardiac rehabilitationCardiovascular disease riskEpidemiologyMedical risk factorsMorbidityMortalityStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Super Scan in A Patient With Diffuse Bone Metastases From Intracranial Glioma
Authors: Takayoshi Shinya, Shiro Akaki, Takeshi Ogata, Shuhei Sato, Susumu Kanazawa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Tc-99m MDP bone scan is widely used to survey bone metastases. Diffuse bone metastases from malignant tumors, such as prostate or breast carcinomas, frequently exhibit increased radioactivity on MDP bone scans, so-called super scan. Primary intracranial gliomas rarely metastasize to extracranial sites, and involvement of bone by them is uncommon. We present the case of a 45-year-old man with a super scan who had initially undergone caraniotomy for anaplastic ependymoma 16 years previously. Bone metastasis from primary intracranial glioma was pathologically confirmed by bone biopsy.
Advances in hepatocyte transplantation: a myth becomes reality
Authors: Linda A. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The proliferative capacity of the liver is vividly captured in the Greek myth of Prometheus. Having stolen fire and tricked Zeus, Prometheus was chained to a rock and sentenced to have his liver eaten each day by an eagle. Because his liver re-grew nightly, he could endure the same punishment endlessly. Although the myth exaggerates the rate at which normal liver mass can be reconstituted, this organ indeed possesses a remarkable ability to regenerate following partial resection until it attains its original size.

Increasing the rate of liver regeneration to Promethean levels would offer intriguing therapeutic possibilities, especially as the mechanisms that regulate the normal process are becoming better understood. The study by Karnezis et al. in this issue of the JCI (1) suggests that a hepatocyte with enhanced growth potential may not be too fanciful, particularly with the technological advances in genetic engineering that we have witnessed this past decade.
A system oriented electrocardiographic amplifier
Authors: J. W. COX, J. S. LAUGHTER, C. W. BRANDON, F. W. KELLER, R. F. DOWDIE, H. A. PHILLIPS, D. M. MIRVIS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

A low noise, programmable gain amplifier has been developed for acquiring ECG data from a variety of recording environments. Features include: low noise (4μV peak-to-peak) differential inputs; digitally programmable gains (range 100 to 16000) and output DC offsets (range -3.5 to +4 V) controlled via a serial interface; externally selectable low frequency response (0.04 or 0.08 Hz); and an on-board output monitor multiplexer controlled via a second serial interface.
P671 INCREASED ANTI HEV SEROPREVALENCE RATES IN HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: COMPARISON OF TWO SEROASSAYS
Authors: S. Pischke, B. Bremer, D. Malehsa, A. Gisa, P. Behrendt, S. Rahbarian, A. Haverich, C. Bara, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Guidelines versus clinical practice in the treatment of COPD: a reappraisal
Authors: G. G. Riario-Sforza, C. Incorvaia, C. Pravettoni, N. Dugnani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

To the Editors: 

International guidelines for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), have been available since 2001 1. So far, the adherence in the general practice to such guidelines is unsatisfactory with the use of the different drugs, namely β2-agonists, inhaled and oral corticosteroids, anticholinergics and theophyllines, being markedly variable in different countries 2.

However, the GOLD classification of the severity of COPD, and consequently the suggested drug treatment, is based on the grade …
A Cautionary Note on Melanoma Screening in the Hispanic/Latino Population
Authors: Natalia Jaimes, Susan Oliveria, Allan Halpern
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Survey of scope of neonatal screening in the United Kingdom
Authors: A. Streetly, C. Grant, R J Pollitt, G M Addison
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The national neonatal screening programme for phenylketonuria was established in 1969, with screening for congenital hypothyroidism being added in 1981. The aim of the programme is to reduce morbidity by complete and timely detection and treatment of affected cases. Scientific developments mean that many other disorders can be screened for.1 The extent of screening in the United Kingdom is uncertain and not all proposed screening programmes meet, or have been formally assessed against, the criteria of suitability.2 Also, the loss of regional responsibility for overview of programmes may result in district based decisions about the purchase of screening programmes in the future.

The main aim of this survey was to identify the nature and extent of screening for disorders other than phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism by the national programme.

In May 1993 an anonymous questionnaire was sent to all 28 of …
Induced Neural Stem Cells Generated from Rat Fibroblasts
Authors: Guangjun Xi, Pingfang Hu, Cunye Qu, Shenfeng Qiu, Chang Tong, Qi-Long Ying
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract The generation of induced tissue-specific stem cells has been hampered by the lack of well-established methods for the maintenance of pure tissue-specific stem cells like the ones we have for embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures. Using a cocktail of cytokines and small molecules, we demonstrate that primitive neural stem (NS) cells derived from mouse ES cells and rat embryos can be maintained. Furthermore, using the same set of cytokines and small molecules, we show that induced NS (iNS) cells can be generated from rat fibroblasts by forced expression of the transcriptional factors Oct4, Sox2 and c-Myc. The generation and long-term maintenance of iNS cells could have wide and momentous implications.
Corticosteroids and surfactant change lung function and protein leaks in the lungs of ventilated premature rabbits.
Authors: M Ikegami, D Berry, T elKady, A Pettenazzo, S Seidner, A Jobe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Fetal rabbits were treated with corticosteroids by maternal administration for 48 h before delivery at 27 d gestational age. The treated and control rabbits were placed on ventilator-plethysmographs so that ventilation could be adjusted by regulation of tidal volumes to 10-13 ml/kg body wt. [125I]albumin was mixed with fetal lung fluid at birth, alternate rabbits from each litter were treated with Surfactant-TA, and [131I]albumin was injected intravascularly. The movement of the labeled albumins into and out of the alveolar wash and lung tissue was measured after 30 min of ventilation. Corticosteroid treatment (total dose, 0.2 mg/kg betamethasone) significantly decreased the protein leak across the endothelium (P less than 0.001) but increased the protein leak across the epithelium (P less than 0.001). Surfactant treatment decreased both the endothelial and epithelial leaks, and the combination of surfactant and corticosteroid treatments decreased endothelial leaks to 29% of control values and increased compliance more than either treatment alone. The 48-h corticosteroid treatment did not increase alveolar surfactant pool sizes. Corticosteroids significantly changed lung protein leaks independently of surfactant, and improved the response of the preterm lung to surfactant treatments.
Metformin and the Risk of Cancer
Authors: Samy Suissa, Laurent Azoulay
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Time-related biases in observational studies of drug effects have been described extensively in different therapeutic areas but less so in diabetes. Immortal time bias, time-window bias, and time-lag bias all tend to greatly exaggerate the benefits observed with a drug. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS These time-related biases are described and shown to be prominent in observational studies that have associated metformin with impressive reductions in the incidence of and mortality from cancer. As a consequence, metformin received much attention as a potential anticancer agent; these observational studies sparked the conduction of randomized, controlled trials of metformin as cancer treatment. However, the spectacular effects reported in these studies are compatible with time-related biases. RESULTS We found that 13 observational studies suffered from immortal time bias; 9 studies had not considered time-window bias, whereas other studies did not consider inherent time-lagging issues when comparing the first-line treatment metformin with second- or third-line treatments. These studies, subject to time-related biases that are avoidable with proper study design and data analysis, led to illusory extraordinarily significant effects, with reductions in cancer risk with metformin ranging from 20 to 94%. Three studies that avoided these biases reported no effect of metformin use on cancer incidence. CONCLUSIONS Although observational studies are important to better understand the effects of drugs, their proper design and analysis is essential to avoid major time-related biases. With respect to metformin, the scientific evidence of its potential beneficial effects on cancer would need to be reassessed critically before embarking on further long and expensive trials.