tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary Intake of Antioxidants and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Daniel J. Foley, Lon R. White
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatrists call for fair deal on mental health
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The UK Royal College of Psychiatrists has launched a three year campaign to tackle inequalities in mental health.

Mental health services, it says, have continued to lag behind those for physical health despite increased investment by the government in recent years. Key problems, it says, include funding shortages, limited access to services, poor inpatient services, and widespread discrimination.

“On the 60th anniversary of the NHS the challenge is clear,” said Sheila Hollins, president of the Royal College …
Thymus and autoimmunity: capacity of the normal thymus to produce pathogenic self-reactive T cells and conditions required for their induction of autoimmune disease.
Authors: S Sakaguchi, N Sakaguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

BALB/c athymic nu/nu mice spontaneously developed organ-specific (gastritis, thyroiditis, oophoritis, or orchitis) and systemic (arteritis, glomerulonephritis, and polyarthritis) autoimmune diseases when transplanted with neonatal BALB/c thymuses. Transplantation of thymuses from adult BALB/c mice was far less effective in inducing histologically evident organ-specific autoimmune disease in nu/nu mice. Autoimmune disease developed, however, when adult thymuses were irradiated at a T cell-depleting dose before transplantation. Engrafting newborn thymuses into BALB/c mice T cell depleted by thymectomy, irradiation, and bone marrow transplantation produced similar organ-specific autoimmune disease as well, but thymus engrafting into T cell-nondepleted BALB/c mice (i.e., mice thymectomized as adults, but not irradiated) did not, despite the fact that transplanted thymuses grew well in both groups of mice. The mice with organ-specific autoimmune disease produced autoantibodies specific for the respective organ components, such as gastric parietal cells, thyroglobulins, oocytes, or sperm. The thymus-transplanted nu/nu mice also had hypergammaglobulinemia and developed anti-DNA autoantibodies, rheumatoid factors, and immune complexes in the circulation. These results indicate that: (a) the thymus of a murine strain that does not develop spontaneous autoimmune disease can produce pathogenic self-reactive T cells that mediate organ-specific and/or systemic autoimmune diseases; and (b) such self-reactive T cells, especially those mediating organ-specific autoimmune disease, spontaneously expand and cause autoimmune disease when released to the T cell-deficient or -eliminated periphery.
AN EXAMINATION OF VON GRAEFE'S DOCTRINE OF "ANTIPATHY TO SINGLE VISION."Read in the Section of Ophthalmology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: GEORGE T. STEVENS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

In Von Graefe's classical description of the condition to which he applies the term "Antipathy to Single Vision," he says: "It has sometimes happened to me that after squint operations with apparently correctly adjusted visual axes there have resulted double images only slightly removed from each other. The visual power of each eye has been quite good, alternating strabismus having previously existed, and the accommodative power has been similar in the two eyes. Nevertheless it has been in no way possible to bring about single vision." He states that this condition of double seeing persists notwithstanding the interposition of prisms in various positions, and that every effort of the patient to unite the images results only in removing them to still greater distances. He adds: "The tendency appears to be a direct physiological contradiction; for while in sound eyes some approach, especially in case of large retinal pictures, is sufficient
Proportion of drug‐related serious rare blood dyscrasias: Estimates from the Berlin Case‐Control Surveillance Study
Authors: Frank Andersohn, Elisabeth Bronder, Andreas Klimpel, Edeltraut Garbe
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Drugs are an important cause of serious rare blood dyscrasias. To estimate the proportion of drug‐related cases, we used data from the ongoing Berlin Case‐Control Surveillance Study. The analysis included a total of 171 cases. The number of cases in which a drug etiology was assessed as at least “possible” was n = 29 (97%) for acute agranulocytosis, n = 4 (0.21%) for aplastic anemia, n = 8 (26%) for immune hemolytic anemia, n = 20 (25%) for immune thrombocytopenia, and n = 2 (20%) for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome. Our analysis suggests that a substantial fraction of blood dyscrasias may be attributable to drug therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 77:316–318, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
William Harvey and His Age: The Professional and Social Context of the Discovery of the Circulation
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In 1978, the medical world commemorated the 400th anniversary of Harvey's birth and the 350th anniversary of the publication of his great book,<i>De Motu Cordis</i>. The ripples of that celebration will be felt for years, and this book is one of them. Meeting in 1978, the American Association for the History of Medicine conducted a symposium on William Harvey and his age. Three scholars reported on their studies, and now the symposium is available in published form, edited by one of the participants, Jerome J. Bylebyl. The result is a collection of information about Harvey and his time, much edified by often highly original interpretation. Charles Webster places Harvey within the context of medical politics and the College of Physicians of early 17th-century London. As an official of the College, Harvey was much involved in the prosecution of quacks and in the pursuit of amicable working relations with such
Clinical Roentgenology of Collagen Diseases
Authors: Richard E. Buenger
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This monograph briefly introduces the collagen disorders, their interrelations and associations with other pathologic processes and then promptly passes into the detailed study of five sections: systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis, systemic scleroderma, dermatomyositis, and rheumatic pneumonia. Chapters on collagen diseases in children and a differential diagnostic summary close the text. Each chapter has a justifiably brief pathological and clinical orientation which points the way to the organ system or part of the body to be most reasonably investigated radiographically.  Detailed descriptions with good bibliography are given for virtually every roentgenographic manifestation of collagen disease. Classic examples, only, are portrayed, often in serial form. That many findings are identical in the various types of collagen disease or that they are more commonly seen with non-collagen disorders does not impair the author's enthusiastic approach to accurate roentgenographic diagnosis. This, he stresses, is possible by the proper interpretation of nonspecific findings and their
Glucose Sensor O-GlcNAcylation Coordinates with Phosphorylation to Regulate Circadian Clock
Authors: Krista Kaasik, Saul Kivimäe, Jasmina J. Allen, Robert J. Chalkley, Yong Huang, Kristin Baer, Holger Kissel, Alma L. Burlingame, Kevan M. Shokat, Louis J. Ptáček, Ying-Hui Fu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Saphenous Varix Bruit in Tricuspid-Valve Incompetence
Authors: David J. Becker, Morris M. Dick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE competent tricuspid valve does not permit a significant increase in pressure in the right atrium and systemic venous system during ventricular systole. By contrast, in tricuspid-valve incompetence a systolic pressure wave occurs in the right atrium and is transmitted into the systemic venous system. This alteration in hemodynamics, when marked, explains many of the physical findings occasionally noted in patients with tricuspid incompetence. Among these are pulsation of veins in the neck, extremities, pampiniform plexus and of the liver, spleen and eye globes.1 2 3 4 5 In the case reported below a patient with rheumatic heart disease had clinical findings consistent with . . .
Numbers of T cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta+ but not of TcR gamma delta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes correlate with the grade of villous atrophy in coeliac patients on a long term normal diet.
Authors: T Kutlu, N Brousse, C Rambaud, F Le Deist, J Schmitz, N Cerf-Bensussan
Journal: Gut (1993)

Numbers of T cell receptor (TcR) gamma delta+ and alpha beta+ intestinal lymphocytes were studied in 34 coeliac patients in respect of their diet and the grade of villous atrophy. Particular attention was given to a group of 21 patients with coeliac disease according to ESPGAN criteria who were on a well tolerated long term normal diet and in nine of whom the mucosa had returned to normal or nearly normal. A significant increase in TcR gamma delta+ cells was observed in the gut epithelium of coeliac patients compared with age matched controls, and this did not correlate with either the presence of gluten in the diet or with the grade of villous atrophy. Thus, numbers of TcR gamma delta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were considerably above the normal range in four of seven patients on a gluten free diet and in four of nine patients who had recovered a normal or nearly normal mucosa in spite of a normal diet. In contrast, numbers of intestinal TcR alpha beta+ cells varied with the stage of the disease. Their number was high in the epithelium of patients with active coeliac disease (n = 18) but significantly less in patients whose mucosa had returned to normal or nearly normal either after gluten free diet (n = 7) or in spite of a normal diet (n = 9). Immunohistochemical markers of intestinal mononuclear cell activation detected in active coeliac disease were either weakly expressed or absent in the latter patients. It is suggested that TcR alpha beta+ but not TcR gamma delta+ IEL are sensitised to gliadin in coeliac disease, and that only the former cells play a direct part in the pathogenesis of the villous atrophy. The normal counts of TcR alpha beta+ IEL and the absence of detectable mononuclear activation in the biopsy specimens of a few patients who have recovered clinical and histological tolerance to gluten sustains this hypothesis and also suggests that immunological tolerance to gluten may be acquired in a subgroup of coeliac patients. Hte appreciable increase in TcR gamma delta+ IEL observed in some of the latter patients, however, is similar to that observed in latent coeliac disease urging for their careful and prolonged follow up until the role of TcR gamma delta+ IEL in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease is elucidated.
Increases in CD4 T Lymphocytes with Intermittent Courses of Interleukin-2 in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection — A Preliminary Study
Authors: Joseph A. Kovacs, Michael Baseler, Robin J. Dewar, Susan Vogel, Richard T. Davey, Judith Falloon, Michael A. Polis, Robert E. Walker, Randy Stevens, Norman P. Salzman, Julia A. Metcalf, Henry Masur, H. Clifford Lane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Interleukin-2 is an important regulatory cytokine of the immune system, with potent effects on T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. In vitro, interleukin-2 can induce the proliferation and differentiation of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Tim-3 marks human natural killer cell maturation and suppresses cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Sandra Lopez-Vergès, Jason D. Barbour, R. Brad Jones, Aashish R. Jha, Brian R. Long, Eric C. Schoeffler, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Douglas F. Nixon, Lewis L. Lanier
Journal: Blood (2012)
The Lingering Consequences of Sepsis
Authors: Derek C. Angus
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Arterial Hypertension in Hemidecorticate Rats
Authors: M. R. COVIAN, H. E. J. HOUSSAY
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Hemidecortication usually caused arterial hypertension in rats for one or two months. Sympathicolytic drugs caused a transient reduction in blood pressure. Release of subcortical centers from the modulating action of the cerebral cortex seems to be the best explanation.
Lung crackles in bronchiectasis.
Authors: A R Nath, L H Capel
Journal: Thorax (1980)

The inspiratory timing of lung crackles in patients with bronchiectasis was compared with the inspiratory timing of the lung crackles in chronic bronchitis and alveolitis. In severe obstructive chronic bronchitis the lung crackles are typically confined to early inspiration while in alveolitis the lung crackles continue to the end of inspiration but may begin in the early or the mid phase of inspiration. In uncomplicated bronchiectasis on the other hand, the lung crackles typically occur in the early and mid phase of inspiration, are more profuse, and usually fade by the end of inspiration. In addition in bronchiectasis, crackles are also usually present in expiration, they are gravity independent and become less profuse after coughing.
Points from Letters: Fluoridation Falsified
Authors: N. J. Ainsworth
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRmTIsH 1513individual case is unimportant, however bad; the principle is clear.If the disciplinary procedure of the N.H.S. is to include the laying down of what is "good " or " bad " doctoring then I, for one.will require to see in the terms of service some pretty exhaustive and stringent definitions, and it may be that we shall have to abandon our present easy-going informal procedure that Dr. Dain spent so many years building up.-I am, etc.,
AB0542 Early reduction in synovitis and bone EDEMA evaluated by MRI in tocilizumab-treated RA patients with inadequate response to anti-TNF:
Authors: M. Lisbona, J. Maymo, A. Pàmies, J. Ares, A. Solano, M. Almirall, S. Sanchez, J. Carbonell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate early effects of tocilizumab (TCZ) on synovitis, bone edema and tenosynovitis by hand MRI in patients with active RA and inadequate response to anti-TNF. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with active RA (DAS28 ≥3.2), synovitisin at least 1 dominant hand joint and inadequate responders to anti-TNF, received TCZ (8 mg/kg iv) every 4 weeks in monotherapy or added to previous DMARD. 1.5T MRI of dominant hand (metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5) and wrist was acquired at baseline and after TCZ (± week 10). MRIs were scored by 2 independent readers using RAMRIS method blinded to image chronology and clinical data. Clinical improvement was assessed by conventional outcome measures. Changes from baseline to week 10 was tested using the paired Student's T-test. The SPSS version 15.0 for windows was used for the statistical analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 22 patients (20 women, mean age 56.2±10.7 years, 68.7% rheumatoid factor positive, 77.3% for ACPA and 95.5% had erosive disease) with a meandisease duration of 12.2±7.1 years were included. Twelve of 20 patients started TCZ associated with standard DMARD therapy (6 methotrexate, 4 leflunomide, 2 hydroxychloroquine) and 86.2% were taking oral prednisone (mean 8.0±5.7 mg day). Statistically significant decrease in the mean of the scores of synovitis and bone edema was observed after 3 doses of TCZ. Mean of tenosynovitis score also decreased while scoring of erosions in MRI did not change. A significant statistical improvement of the variables of clinical activity (DAS28, SDAI, CDAI, SJC<sub>66</sub>, TJC<sub>68</sub>, VAS pain), in laboratory variables (ESR, CRP) and functional capacity (HAQ) was observed after treatment with TCZ (Table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> TCZ significantly decreased synovitis and bone edema on MRI in active RA patients with an inadequate response to anti-TNF and was also effective in reducing clinical activity and disability. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Resistivity of Body Tissues at Low Frequencies
Authors: STANLEY RUSH, J. A. ABILDSKOV, RICHARD MCFEE
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The resistivity of tissues of the thorax of dogs has been measured in situ under nearly normal conditions. Additional data have been obtained from humans. Approximate values of tissue resistivity found are 160 ohm-cm for blood, 2,000 ohm-cm for lung, 2,500 ohm-cm for fat, 700 ohm-cm for liver, 250 and 550 ohm-cm (anisotropic) for heart muscle and 150 and 2,500 ohm-cm (anisotropic) for skeletal muscle. Reasons for the differences between these and previously reported values have been found, and in some cases, verified experimentally. Predictions of whole trunk resistivity based on anatomical data and these measurements are within 8% of actual trunk measurements.
Abuse of Benzodiapezine Tranquilizers
Authors: Stewart M. Bramson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The experience of Kaufman and Brickner (224:1190, 1973) regarding the abuse of benzodiapezine tranquilizers is similar to my own. While I was head physician of a psychiatric emergency service at Harbor General Hospital (1970-1973), I encountered many such cases in alcoholic patients.  Usually these drugs were being consumed in larger doses and more frequently than prescribed. The abuse had continued for many years, and a concomitant abuse of alcohol usually existed.  Interestingly, such patients often tried to discourage the prescription of neuroleptic drugs, such as chlorpromazine. They displayed an eagerness to obtain benzodiazepines. Some of them described a subjective state while on these drugs similar to that obtained from alcohol.  This last observation may explain, in part, the eagerness to obtain and tendency to abuse benzodiazepine tranquilizers in patients with a history of alcoholism.
Functional significance of regional ischemic contraction abnormalities.
Authors: J S Forrester, H L Wyatt, P L Da Luz, J V Tyberg, G A Diamond, H J Swan
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To evaluate the progression of segment function following induction of ischemia, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated (eight dogs) or cannulated and perfused at various pressures via a bypass-oxygenator (six dogs). Mercury-in-silastic length gauges were sutured to the anterior left ventricle, and pressure was recorded by a catheter-tipped transducer. Segment function was determined from the area of the pressure-length loop by plotting instantaneous left ventricular pressure against segment length and by evaluation of the degree of systolic shortening. Segment function decreased linearly as flow in the left anterior descending artery was decreased in a stepwise fashion by reduction in perfusion pressures from 100 to 20 mm Hg. With both left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and stepwise flow reduction, the pressure-length loop invariably showed four clearly identifiable morphologic patterns which relate conceptually to the specific left ventricular contraction patterns: dyssynchrony, hypokinesis, akinesis, and paradoxic systolic expansion. Re-oxygenation following occlusion invariably revealed return to a normal pattern in reverse order. This study demonstrates that a consistent and predictable progression of segmental contraction abnormalities occurs with ischemia.
Rehydrating hormone smothers inflammation
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Avoiding dehydration comes with a price, according to Chassin et al. (page 2837). The body's efforts to stay hydrated reduce its ability to fight kidney-invading bacteria.

The body responds to dehydration by producing the hormone vasopressin, which instructs the kidneys to absorb more water. Vasopressin tells cells that line the collecting ducts linking the kidneys to the urinary tract to make more membrane water channels and thus absorb more water. These collecting duct cells are also the targets of Escherichia coli and other intestinal bacteria, which can then enter the kidney and trigger inflammation.

The resulting kidney and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are particularly common in dehydrated individuals. Chassin et al. now find that high levels of vasopressin may be to blame.

Mice that were given vasopressin and later inoculated with bacteria in the urinary tract failed to clear the pathogens. Treatment with a vasopressin antagonist stimulated inflammatory cytokine production and neutrophil recruitment and rapidly reduced the bacterial load. Normally, immunity-promoting cytokines are turned on by the NF-κB pathway when Toll-like receptors recognize bacteria. But vasopressin suppressed their production in collecting duct cells by increasing the levels of phosphatases that inhibit NF-κB activation.

These findings may help explain why drinking more water speeds up recovery from UTIs and kidney infections. The resulting drop in vasopressin levels probably allows a strong antibacterial immune response to be unleashed. But why this antidiuretic hormone has evolved an antiinflammatory function is still a mystery.
DISTAL INFARCT LOCATION BUT NOT INFARCT SIZE AFTER ALCOHOL SEPTAL ABLATION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER GRADIENT AT FOLLOW-UP: A CARDIOMAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STUDY
Authors: Robbert C. Steggerda, Wessel P. Brouwer, Willem G. van Dockum, Jurrien M. ten Berg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)