tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The 'Hatband' Sign in Horner's Syndrome
Authors: Larry L. Doss
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Unilateral anhidrosis, ptosis, and miosis are findings that may be caused by interruption of ipsilateral cervical sympathetic pathways, commonly referred to as Horner's syndrome. Frequently, patients with superior sulcus lung tumors (Pancoast's tumors) will present with Horner's syndrome due to compression or involvement of the cervical sympathetic pathways by tumor. Classically, patients will complain of chest wall or back pain secondary to skeletal invasion by lung tumor or ipsilateral shoulder or arm pain due to brachial plexus compression by tumor. Symptoms relating to Horner's syndrome may be subtle, and diagnosis is harder when patients are given narcotic analgesics to relieve tumor-associated pain and the narcotics mask the miosis seen with Horner's syndrome. Unilateral anhidrosis may be difficult to detect on examination (particularly in cold or temperate climates), even though the patient is aware of this symptom on hot days.  Report of a Case.—  Recently, I saw a
Pandemonium in the Modern Hospital
Authors: G W Grumet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Acoustical Society of America in June 1954, Dean Vern Knudsen of the University of California at Los Angeles observed that the maximal noise levels of daily living had increased about 1 dB per year over the previous 25 years. He wondered what the future would bring1. Although he was referring to high-decibel noises like those encountered in transportation, construction, and military activities, a similar situation prevails in the modern hospital, where the previously serene milieu is gradually being debased by a sonic assault on the ears and psyche. The hospital . . .
S120 Update on the UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium Multidose, Non-Viral, Gene Therapy Trial
Authors: EWFW Alton, D Ashby, C Boyd, S Cheng, S Cunningham, JC Davies, D Gill, U Griesenbach, T Higgins, S Hyde, JA Innes, G Murray, D Porteous
Journal: Thorax (2012)

The UK CF GTC has been working for several years to determine the clinical benefit of <i>CFTR</i> gene therapy. Our premise was that for such a therapy to achieve clinical benefit, repeated administration would be required, and that therefore a non-viral approach was needed. We demonstrated in laboratory and preclinical models that GL67A (Genzyme Corp) was the optimal gene transfer agent, and designed a plasmid, pGM169, completely depleted of pro-inflammatory CpG motifs and driven by the novel hCEFI promoter, designed for prolonged expression. In a longitudinal observational study (the Run-in) we measured the variability of multiple outcome measures, both conventional and novel. These data have allowed us to perform power calculations and a) choose our primary outcome (FEV<sub>1</sub>), b) secondary efficacy outcomes (lung clearance index, various parameters on CT scan, Quality of life questionnaire [CFQ-R], exercise capacity and activity, and selected sputum and serum inflammatory markers), and c) safety measures (clinical findings, exacerbation rate, gas transfer, sputum culture, serum inflammatory markers, renal and hepatic markers). We have recently completed a single-dose safety and dose ranging study. In this trial, 130 patients, aged 12 years and above are being randomised in a 1:1 fashion to active treatment or placebo and will receive the nebulised agent at monthly intervals for 12 doses. The group size was determined on the basis of a 6% relative improvement in FEV<sub>1</sub>. An adaptive design will be used for additional safety; the first 20 patients will receive 3 doses ahead of the rest of the cohort. Patients will be invited to participate in either one or two substudies, being conducted to explore mechanisms; a) nasal administration followed by nasal potential difference (PD) and brushings for mRNA expression and b) pre and post-treatment bronchoscopies for lower airway PD, gene expression and histology. The double-blinded nature of the trial means that final outcome data will only be available upon completion of the study. The trial was initiated in April 2012; here we will update on recruitment, projected time-lines and progress. Funded by the MRC and NIHR through the EME programme.
Insulinopenic Diabetes in Africa
Authors: A. C. B. Wicks, J. J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The high proportion of unrefined carbohydrates (maize meal) in the diet of Africans could be responsible for their low insulin secretion. The consequent insulinopenia in the general African population may explain the comparative rarity of typical non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and also the virtual absence of coronary heart disease. Changes in growth hormone secretion and in serum lipids, known to be associated with diabetes in Europeans, are also found in African patients.
Impact of platinum complexes on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in 5-fluorouracil-treated patients
Authors: N. Magné, X. Pivot, M.C. Etienne-Grimaldi, E. François, N. Renée, A. Thyss, M. Schneider, F. Demard, G. Milano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Decision-analysis of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus distal splenorenal shunt for portal hypertension
Authors: Steven L. Zacks, Robert S. Sandler, Andrea K. Biddle, Matthew A. Mauro, Robert S. Brown
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and surgical distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) are treatments for complications of portal hypertension. TIPS is widely used because it is relatively easy to place. Because TIPS may malfunction over time, it is unclear whether TIPS is superiorto DSRS in patients with Child's class A cirrhosis who enjoy a longer survival. This study compared the cost–effectiveness of TIPS to DSRSfor portal hypertension in Child's class A cirrhosis. A decision analysis model was used to evaluate the number of procedures, life expectancy, and costs over the first 2 years in patients with Child's class A cirrhosis who underwent a TIPS or DSRS. Patients who received TIPS survived 1.96 years, required 1.7 procedures, and incurred $41,685 in costs. Patients who underwent a DSRS survived 1.86 years, required 1.0 procedure, and incurred $26,951 in costs. The cost–effectiveness of TIPS compared with DSRS was $147,340 per life–year saved. Adjusting the rate of TIPS dysfunction, 1–year survival, or the number of ultrasounds to detect TIPS dysfunction did not change the results. In patients with Child's class A cirrhosis, DSRS is a more cost–effective treatment than TIPS. Until the results of a randomized controlled trial comparing TIPS with DSRS are available, TIPS should be regarded as experimental and prohibitively expensive in Child's class A cirrhosis
Abstract 5142: Up-regulation of glutamine synthetase attenuates the oncogenicity of wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bo Hwa Sohn, Sang-Bae Kim, Yun-Yong Park, In Young Park, Mi-Ra Jeong, Ju-Seog Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been known to be involved in many cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been widely reported in many cancers and associated with poor outcome after treatments. However, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been known to be significantly associated with favorable outcome. In this study, we identified 82 genes as a β-catenin signature by analyzing expression data from tumor tissues of patients with HCC and liver tissues from active β-catenin mutant transgenic mice. HCC patients with the β-catenin signature have significantly better prognosis in both overall survival and recurrence-free survival than those without the signature. Further analysis of β-catenin signature revealed over-expression of glutamine synthetase (GS), liver-specific β-catenin target gene, and shift of glutamine metabolism. Cell growth rate were highly dependent on GS expression levels. Cell proliferation rate was increased by GS knockdown using shRNAs but decreased by GS overexpression in HCC cell lines. Intracellular glutamate concentrations were severely decreased by GS overexpression. GS overexpression in HCC cells also led to decrease intracellular α-ketoglutarate levels impeding TCA cycle, and intracellular glutathione levels accumulating high reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, we found GS up-regulation in HCC cells inhibited cell growth by glutamate depletion and thereby lower anaplerotic metabolic activity and higher ROS levels. Our results present molecular mechanisms for the favorable outcome in HCC patients with CTNNB1 mutations and importance of glutamine metabolism in cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5142. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5142
Neuroimaging Techniques for Memory Detection: Scientific, Ethical, and Legal Issues
Authors: Daniel V. Meegan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

There is considerable interest in the use of neuroimaging techniques for forensic purposes. Memory detection techniques, including the well-publicized Brain Fingerprinting technique (Brain Fingerprinting Laboratories, Inc., Seattle WA), exploit the fact that the brain responds differently to sensory stimuli to which it has been exposed before. When a stimulus is specifically associated with a crime, the resulting brain activity should differentiate between someone who was present at the crime and someone who was not. This article reviews the scientific literature on three such techniques: priming, old/new, and P300 effects. The forensic potential of these techniques is evaluated based on four criteria: specificity, automaticity, encoding flexibility, and longevity. This article concludes that none of the techniques are devoid of forensic potential, although much research is yet to be done. Ethical issues, including rights to privacy and against self-incrimination, are discussed. A discussion of legal issues concludes that current memory detection techniques do not yet meet United States standards of legal admissibility.
Primary Care of the Preterm Infant
Authors: Hugh A. Carithers
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This useful, well-written, and nicely designed softcover book should have wide acceptance among nurses, nurse practitioners, and allied health professionals, as well as by doctors who work in intensive care neonatal units. It actually deals with discharge and after care of premature infants. In the preface the authors, all associated with the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, state, "This book provides a practical approach to well-child care, diagnosis and treatment strategies of illness specific to preterm infants, communication and support strategies for parents, and the methods used for screening and referral for development delays." They have succeeded in their endeavors. The text begins with two of its most valuable sections, "Predischarge and Postdischarge Planning" and "Taking the Baby Home: Counseling the Family." Later are sections dealing with "Family and Social Issues" and "Parenting a Disabled Child." Most of the 344-page book concerns medical care issues such as growth and
Laparoscopic Appearance of the Liver in Schistosoma mansoni Infection
Authors: Q. Q. Contractor, L. Benson, T. Q. Contractor, Y. R. Kher
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

In an area endemic for Schistosoma mansoni infection laparoscopy was performed in 45 patients with liver disease. Hepatic schistosomiasis was diagnosed by histology in 20 cases. The only complication encountered was unusual bleeding from the biopsy site in one patient. Liver lobe size was variable. Mild uniform irregularity of the liver surface was seen in most of the patients. Other changes noted were macronodularity, lumpy surface, tiny white tubercles, white patchy discoloration, and thick and thin adhesions. Characteristic features of the liver surface in Schistosoma mansoni infection as seen on laparoscopy are thus described.
Stranded in the Periphery — The Increasing Marginalization of Smokers
Authors: Steven Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

One of the greatest health advances in the past three decades has been the continuing decline in the prevalence of smoking, which recently hit a modern age-adjusted low of 19% of adults in the United States, down from a high of 57% of men in 1955 and 34% of women in 1965.1 Credit for these spectacular decreases has rightly focused on policy interventions such as increases in tobacco taxes, ordinances requiring smoke-free public places, countermarketing, and better ways to help smokers quit.24 These policy interventions are important tools, but how they have accomplished their results has not been clear. . . .
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Miss La La at the Cirque Fernando&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Familial abnormality of erythrocyte cation transport in essential hypertension.
Authors: P J Hilton, R B Jones, L Poston
Journal: BMJ (1981)

We would certainly support your view, and so would our patients, that adrenaline is the most effective drug to use and ought to be given first.It is surprising, therefore, to see no mention of adrenaline in the sections of the new British National Formulary on the treatment of severe allergic reactions to insect venom and of anaphylaxis from other causes.While the alternative advice to give intravenous hydrocortisone may be life saving in status asthmaticus-and we are in no way arguing against its use we believe that the failure to administer adrenaline in anaphylactic shock is dangerous.
452 Predictive factors for the absence of cellular rejection after liver transplantation in a protocol biopsy population
Authors: L CECILIONI, R STIGLIANO, G LEANDRO, A QUAGLIA, A DHILLON, K ROLLES, B DAVIDSON, N ROLANDO, D PATCH, A BURROUGHS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

1-Aryl-piperazine compounds are, depending on their substituents, selective for certain serotonin receptors and together with their easy availability and their so-called legal status, this group of psychoactive compounds are potential designer drugs-of-abuse. Internet in that respect is an important source of information and distribution facilities. Because this development may have consequences for the interpretation of future clinical and forensic toxicological case studies, some analytical aspects of 1-benzyl-piperazine (BZP), 1-[4-methoxyphenyl]-piperazine (pMeOPP) and 1-[3-trifluoromethylphenyl]-piperazine (TFMPP) were studied. BZP was not detected by the AxSYM® FPIA technology designed to determine amphetamine-like compounds, but had showed some cross reactivity with EMIT® d.a.u.®. The cross reactivities at 300 and 12,000 ng/ml (RS)-amphetamine equivalents were 0.4 and 1.3%, respectively. Although BZP was not identified directly by the REMEDi™ HS Drug Profiling System, it can be detected by this HPLC/UV scanning system. Using GC/NPD without derivatisation, BZP, pMeOPP and TFMPP can be analysed for and applying GC/MS without or with acetylation or trifluoroacetylation, these compounds can be identified unambiguously. The usefulness of GC/NPD and GC/MS in this respect was demonstrated by the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of a capsule with the synthetic stimulant A2, which proved to contain 86.4 mg of BZP.
Sea-Blue Histiocytes in a Case of Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Rina Tadmor
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Arteriographic, immunological, and bone marrow studies of a young woman with Takayasu arteritis disclosed the presence of sea-blue histiocytes in her bone marrow. We know of no other similar reports. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2852-2853, 1976)
The Edinburgh School of Medicine for Women
Authors: S. Jex-Blake
Journal: BMJ (1893)

Indicators of major impairments in the health status of children with disabilities are used as a daily statistical tool for objectifying the process of rehabilitating patients and identifying the strengths and facilities of a medical institution for the successful implementation of an individual program of rehabilitation/habilitation of a disabled person. The analysis of the main violations of functions in the state of 1611 disabled children of the State Budget Agency of Health of Republic of Komi ‘ Syktyvkar children`s clinic №3’ was conducted on the basis of medical documentation in 2011–2018. Seven major violations of functions in the state of health of children with disabilities were identified: 1) Mental, of which perception, attention, memory, thinking, intelligence, consciousness, behavior, psychomotor functions, and other functions; 2) Language and speech, of which speech disorders (rhinolalia, dysarthria, alalia, aphasia), writing disorders (dysgraphy, dyslexia), disorders of verbal and non-verbal speech, voice disorders, and other violations of language and speech functions; 3) Sensory, of which sight, hearing, smell, touch, tactile, pain, temperature and other types of sensitivity; 4) Statodynamic, including violations of the motor functions of the head, motor functions of the body, motor functions of the limbs, statics, coordination of movements; 5) Organs and systems, including blood circulation, respiration, digestion, excretion, blood formation, metabolism and energy, internal secretion, immunity; 6) Violations caused by physical deformity, of which lead to external deformity (deformation of the face, head, torso, limbs), abnormal digestive, urinary, respiratory tracts, violation of body size; 7) General and generalized. The number of disabled children in the city children’s clinic in 2011–2018 increased in absolute terms by 95 people with a growth rate of 157.23%; the incidence of patients with disabilities increased 1.34 times to 159.92 per 10,000 contingent of children and adolescents. According to the specific weight, among the main disorders in the state of children’s health were: statodynamic - 35.34±3.11% over the pathology of organs and systems 28.47±2.93%, mental 16.62±2.41%, sensory 13.10±2.19%, language and speech 5.49 ± 1.48% (all p&lt;0.001), general and generalized 0.56±0.49%, t=1.143 and disorders due to physical deformities 0.42 ± 0,42%, t=1,000. With a total disability rate of 159.92 per 10,000 patient populations, it was divided between 7 main disorders of the body’s functions: static-dynamic - 55.76; organs and systems - 43.50; psychic - 34.31; sensory - 16.54; language and speech - 8.58; general and generalized - 0.61 and disorders due to physical deformities - 0.61 per 10,000 patients.
St John's wort, a panacea?
Authors: Anton Sebastian
Journal: BMJ (2006)

When my father's GP surgery was ransacked in 1978 during the communal riots in Sri Lanka's sadly beautiful hill capital, Kandy, I went to pick up the pieces and found this bottle with some of the tincture still left. Almost as a reflex, I picked it up and brought it with me when I came to England. Now it occupies a prominent position in my personal library of 3000 rare and old medical volumes as a nostalgic (from the Greek nostos , return home, + algos , pain) object. My father's surgery was first established in the late 1940s, and I have no idea if he …
Home telemonitoring (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) in children with severe asthma does not reduce exacerbations
Authors: A. Deschildre, L. Béghin, J. Salleron, C. Iliescu, C. Thumerelle, C. Santos, A. Hoorelbeke, M. Scalbert, G. Pouessel, M. Gnansounou, J-L. Edmé, R. Matran
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Some children with severe asthma develop frequent exacerbations despite intensive treatment. We sought to assess the outcome (severe exacerbations and healthcare use, lung function, quality of life and maintenance treatment) of a strategy based on daily home spirometry with teletransmission to an expert medical centre and whether it differs from that of a conventional strategy. 50 children with severe uncontrolled asthma were enrolled in a 12-month prospective study and were randomised into two groups: 1) treatment managed with daily home spirometry and medical feedback (HM) and 2) conventional treatment (CT). The children’s mean age was 10.9 yrs (95% confidence interval 10.2–11.6). 44 children completed the study (21 in the HM group and 23 in the CT group). The median number of severe exacerbations per patient was 2.0 (interquartile range 1.0–4.0) in the HM group and 3.0 (1.0–4.0) in the CT group (p=0.38 with adjustment for age). There were no significant differences between the two groups for unscheduled visits (HM 5.0 (3.0–7.0), CT 3.0 (2.0–7.0); p=0.30), lung function (pre-β 2 -agonist forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) p=0.13), Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores (p=0.61) and median daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids (p=0.86). A treatment strategy based on daily FEV 1 monitoring with medical feedback did not reduce severe asthma exacerbations.