tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Meta-Analysis: Protein and Energy Supplementation in Older People
Authors: Anne C. Milne, Alison Avenell, Jan Potter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Protein and energy undernutrition is common in older people, and further deterioration may occur during illness. Purpose: To assess whether oral protein and energy supplementation improves clinical and nutritional outcomes for older people in the hospital, in an institution, or in the community. Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, HealthStar, CINAHL, BIOSIS, and CAB abstracts. The authors included English- and non–English-language studies and hand-searched journals, contacted manufacturers, and sought information from trialists. The date of the most recent search of CENTRAL and MEDLINE is June 2005. Study Selection: Randomized and quasi-randomized, controlled trials of oral protein and energy supplementation compared with placebo or control treatment in older people. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed trial quality. Differences were resolved by consensus. Data Synthesis: Fifty-five trials were included (n = 9187 randomly assigned participants). For patients in short-term care hospitals who were given oral supplements, evidence suggested fewer complications (Peto odds ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.53 to 0.97]) and reduced mortality (Peto odds ratio, 0.66 [CI, 0.49 to 0.90]) for those undernourished at baseline. Few studies reported evidence that suggested any change in mortality, morbidity, or function for those given supplements at home. Ten trials reported gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, with oral supplements. Limitations: The quality of most studies, as reported, was poor, particularly for concealment of allocation and blinding of outcome assessors. Many studies were too small or the follow-up time was too short to detect a statistically significant change in clinical outcome. The clinical results are dominated by 1 very large recent trial in patients with stroke. Although this was a high-quality trial, few participants were undernourished at baseline. Conclusions: Oral nutritional supplements can improve nutritional status and seem to reduce mortality and complications for undernourished elderly patients in the hospital. Current evidence does not support routine supplementation for older people at home or for well-nourished older patients in any setting.
Global Burden of Skin Disease as Reflected in<i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>
Authors: Chante Karimkhani, Lindsay N. Boyers, Laura Prescott, Vivian Welch, Finola M. Delamere, Mona Nasser, Amrapali Zaveri, Roderick J. Hay, Theo Vos, Christopher J. L. Murray, David J. Margolis, John Hilton, Harriet MacLehose, Hywel C. Williams, Robert P. Dellavalle
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Research prioritization should be guided by impact of disease. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether systematic reviews and protocol topics in<i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>(CDSR) reflect disease burden, measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 project. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Two investigators independently assessed 15 skin conditions in the CDSR for systematic review and protocol representation from November 1, 2013, to December 6, 2013. The 15 skin diseases were matched to their respective DALYs from GBD 2010. An official publication report of all reviews and protocols published by the Cochrane Skin Group (CSG) was also obtained to ensure that no titles were missed. There were no study participants other than the researchers, who worked with databases evaluating CDSR and GBD 2010 skin condition disability data. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Relationship of CDSR topic coverage (systematic reviews and protocols) with percentage of total 2010 DALYs, 2010 DALY rank, and DALY percentage change from 1990 to 2010 for 15 skin conditions. <h3>Results</h3> All 15 skin conditions were represented by at least 1 systematic review in CDSR; 69% of systematic reviews and 67% of protocols by the CSG covered the 15 skin conditions. Comparing the number of reviews/protocols and disability, dermatitis, melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer, viral skin diseases, and fungal skin diseases were well matched. Decubitus ulcer, psoriasis, and leprosy demonstrated review/protocol overrepresentation when matched with corresponding DALYs. In comparison, acne vulgaris, bacterial skin diseases, urticaria, pruritus, scabies, cellulitis, and alopecia areata were underrepresented in CDSR when matched with corresponding DALYs. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Degree of representation in CDSR is partly correlated with DALY metrics. The number of published reviews/protocols was well matched with disability metrics for 5 of the 15 studied skin diseases, while 3 skin diseases were overrepresented, and 7 were underrepresented. Our results provide high-quality and transparent data to inform future prioritization decisions.
Mitral valve prolapse in children: a problem defined by real-time cross-sectional echocardiography.
Authors: D J Sahn, H D Allen, S J Goldberg, W F Friedman
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The cross-sectional echocardiographic features of mitral valve prolapse were defined in 26 children (ages 2-18 years) using a real-time, multiple-crystal ultrasound scanner. In each patient the physical findings of the mitral valve click-murmur syndrome were present and mitral valve prolapse had been diagnosed previously by conventional single crystal echocardiography. Mitral prolapse occurred in a familial setting in eight patients and was associated with the Marfan syndrome in five. Real-time two-dimensional echocardiography uniformly disclosed maximum mitral arching and the superior-posterior prolapse. These visual observations were confirmed by M-mode recordings derived from single elements within the array of 20 crystals. The method allowed a complete M-mode description of the phasic motion of the entire mitral apparatus and observations of the spectrum of prolapse from discrete late systolic prolapse to "hammock-like" holosystolic prolapse. Further, the recording of multiple systolic M-mode lines occurred when the ultrasound beam intersected the arched leaflets more than once. Pseudosystolic anterior motion was observed often and resulted clearly from a superimposition of echoes from the mitral annulus and from the posterior-superiorly arched prolapsed leaflets. A major finding in 22 patients was the association with prolapse of biconvex enlargement of the aortic sinuses of Valsalva and a significant increase in the diameter of the aortic root. Aortic root dilatation was most marked in, but not confined to, patients with the Marfan syndrome and was a prominent finding in six patients with minor musculoskeletal abnormalities. The presence of aortic root dilatation in children with normal body habitus raises important questions concerning the generalized nature of an abnormality of cardiac connective tissue in patients with mitral prolapse. The cross-sectional approach significantly enhances the noninvasive evaluation of mitral valve prolapse and provides an explanation for many of the single crystal observations reported previously.
Increased Splenic FDG Uptake on PET in Beta-Thalassemia
Authors: Choong L. Wong, Michael J. Fulham
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 63-year-old woman with a history of anemia resulting from β-thalassemia minor was referred for whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18-FDG. She had a provisional diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy or lymphoma. PET showed moderate, diffuse F-18 FDG uptake in both lungs in a pattern consistent with inflammation and also splenomegaly with homogeneously increased FDG uptake. Biopsy of the pulmonary lesions revealed a diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) and ruled out pulmonary malignancy and lymphoma. We suspect that the increased FDG uptake in the spleen is the result of extramedullary hematopoiesis secondary to β-thalassemia.
Can We Alter Survival in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure?
Authors: Arthur M. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy in improving survival in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) in the context of recent investigational studies having mortality as an end point. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Data were obtained from English-language articles that reported both randomized and retrospective studies assessing the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy in the treatment of patients with CHF. The review included articles indexed under the terms<i>congestive heart failure and drug therapy</i>in the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Studies selected for detailed review were those having mortality as a primary or secondary end point. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Guidelines for assessing data quality and validity included study size, double-blind and randomized design, the number of end points, the sensitivity and specificity of objective measurements, and the validity of the statistical analysis. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Review of the existing literature demonstrates that pharmacologic agents that improve resting hemodynamics or exercise duration in patients with CHF may not necessarily prolong survival. However, recent studies demonstrate that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prolong survival in patients with symptomatic CHF, while at the same time improving exercise capacity and left ventricular performance. Although less well tolerated, the combination of hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate therapy also improves survival, but to a lesser degree. New agents show promise, but definitive assessment requires the results of large, randomized and double-blind studies having mortality as an end point. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Mortality is an important end point in assessing the efficacy of drugs for the treatment of CHF. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1956-1961)
A novel biological assay to detect the active form of TGF-β in urine to monitor renal allograft rejection
Authors: Edith Rogier, Antoine Durrbach, Lucile Abecassis, Sophie Ferlicot, Renaud Snanoudj, Severine Baudreuil, Nadia Arzouk, Aime Vazquez, Bernard Charpentier, Marie-Françoise Bourgeade
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Immunoglobulin M antibodies present in the acute phase of Kawasaki syndrome lyse cultured vascular endothelial cells stimulated by gamma interferon.
Authors: D Y Leung, T Collins, L A Lapierre, R S Geha, J S Pober
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is characterized by diffuse vasculitis and marked T cell and B cell activation. In this study, sera from 16 patients with acute KS, 15 patients in the convalescent phase of KS, and 19 age-matched controls were assessed for complement dependent cytotoxic activity against 111In-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells, Neither sera from patients with KS nor sera from controls had cytotoxic effects on HUVE cells cultivated under standard conditions. Since activated T cells such as those present in acute KS secrete gamma interferon (gamma-IFN), we also examined the effects of sera from acute KS on HUVE cells preincubated with gamma-IFN. We report here that immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in sera from patients with acute KS cause significant (P less than 0.01) killing of gamma-IFN-treated HUVE cells. Pretreatment with interleukin 2, gamma-IFN, or beta-IFN failed to render HUVE susceptible to lysis with acute KS sera. The observed effects were not mediated via immune complexes. The cytotoxic antibodies in acute KS seem to be directed against inducible monomorphic antigenic determinants present on gamma-IFN-treated HUVE cells but not on control or gamma-IFN treated autologous human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Similarly, acute KS sera also induced lysis of gamma-IFN-treated human saphenous vein endothelial (HSVE) cells but not gamma-IFN treated human saphenous vein smooth muscle (HSVSM) cells. Since gamma-IFN induces the same level of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen expression on HDF, HUVE, HSVE, and HSVSM cells, our results suggest that the anti-endothelial cell antibodies in acute KS are directed to gamma-IFN-inducible molecules other than MHC determinants. These observations are further substantiated by the failure of human B cells or monocytes to absorb the anti-endothelial cell activity. Since most vasculitides, including acute KS, are characterized both by marked immune activation and the secretion of lymphokines, antibodies directed to gamma-IFN-inducible endothelial cell antigens may represent a general mechanism for vascular injury.
TCT-645 Optical coherence tomography findings in bioresorbable scaffold thrombosis
Authors: Antonios Karanasos, Cordula Felix, Floris Kauer, Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, Roberto Diletti, Marco Valgimigli, Peter De Jaegere, Felix Zijlstra, Evelyn Regar, Robert J. Van Geuns
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Antibody-Mediated Targeted Delivery of Interleukin-15 and GM-CSF to the Tumor Neovasculature Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Manuela Kaspar, Eveline Trachsel, Dario Neri
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Tumor-targeting immunocytokines represent a new class of anticancer pharmaceutical agents, which often display a superior therapeutic index compared with the corresponding unconjugated cytokines. In this article, we have studied the anticancer properties of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), fused to the human antibody fragment scFv(L19), specific to the EDB domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis. The immunocytokines L19-IL-15 and L19-GM-CSF were expressed in mammalian cells and purified to homogeneity, revealing no loss of cytokine activity in in vitro assays. Furthermore, the ability of the two immunocytokines to selectively localize to tumors in vivo was confirmed by biodistribution analysis with radioiodinated protein preparations. L19-IL-15 and L19-GM-CSF displayed a potent antitumor activity both in s.c. and in metastatic F9 and C51 murine models of cancer in immunocompetent mice. This therapeutic action was superior compared with IL-15–based and GM-CSF–based fusion proteins, containing antibodies of irrelevant specificity in the mouse, which were used as non–tumor-targeting controls. For both L19-IL-15 and L19-GM-CSF immunocytokines, CD8+ T cells seemed to mostly contribute to the therapeutic action as shown by in vivo cell depletion experiments. The results presented in this article are of clinical significance, considering the fact that the sequence of EDB is identical in mouse and man and that the tumor-targeting ability of the L19 antibody has been extensively shown in clinical trials in patients with cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4940–8]
A combination of inactivated sodium channel blockers causes competitive interaction on dV/dtmax of single ventricular myocytes
Authors: K. Kamiya, I. Kodama, J. Toyama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article A combination of inactivated sodium channel blockers causes competitive interaction on dV/dtmax of single ventricular myocytes Get access Kaichiro Kamiya, Kaichiro Kamiya K Kamiya, I Kodama, J Toyama, Department of Circulation and Respiration, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Itsuyo Kodama, Itsuyo Kodama K Kamiya, I Kodama, J Toyama, Department of Circulation and Respiration, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Junji Toyama Junji Toyama K Kamiya, I Kodama, J Toyama, Department of Circulation and Respiration, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 6, June 1991, Pages 516–522, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.6.516 Published: 01 June 1991 Article history Received: 14 May 1990 Accepted: 25 February 1991 Published: 01 June 1991
Body Packing — The Internal Concealment of Illicit Drugs
Authors: Stephen J. Traub, Robert S. Hoffman, Lewis S. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The transportation of illicit drugs by concealment within the body is now a common practice, and it has implications for clinical care. Body packers may ingest dozens of packets containing life-threatening doses of heroin, cocaine, or amphetamines. These smugglers may then present to physicians for evaluation while in legal custody or because of drug-induced toxic effects or obstruction or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. This review provides guidance for the recognition and management of this clinical problem, which often also poses ethical and legal challenges for the clinician.
Antibody studies of factor VIII inhibitor in a case with Waldenstr�m's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Takeshi Endo, Yutaka Yatomi, Norihiko Amemiya, Asako Mizoe, Masaki Iino, Hideyuki Ozawa, Shigemi Hosogaya, Yukio Ozaki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We report a case of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia with prominent bleeding tendency; laboratory investigation revealed an elevated activated partial thromboplastin time. Further laboratory evaluation showed circulating factor VIII anticoagulant, deemed polyclonal IgG, with a titer of 700 Bethesda Units/ml. The factor VIII inactivation kinetics of the patient plasma were identical to those of a type II inhibitor, and the inhibitor was found to recognize the A2 domain of the factor VIII heavy chain. Apparently, paraprotein is not always the cause of reduced activity of coagulation factors in neoplastic dysproteinemias. Am. J. Hematol. 63: 145–148, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Obesity in Offspring of Diabetic Pima Indian Women Despite Normal Birth Weight
Authors: David J Pettitt, William C Knowler, Peter H Bennett, Kirk A Aleck, H Robert Baird
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

The relationships of birth weight and maternal diabetes to the development of obesity were examined at 5–19 yr of age in the offspring of Pima Indian women. At each age, offspring of diabetic women, even those who were of normal birth weight, had a higher mean weight relative to height than offspring of nondiabetic and prediabetic women. Birth weight was predictive of relative weight in 5- to 9- and 10- to 14-yr-old offspring of nondiabetic women but not in the oldest group. In contrast, for offspring of prediabetic and diabetic women, birth weight was not predictive of subsequent obesity at any age studied. Offspring of diabetic women were heavier than offspring of nondiabetic and prediabetic women regardless of birth weight. Thus, maternal diabetes was important in predicting body size in the offspring even after accounting for the effects of the birth weight and maternal body size.
Active and Passive Smoking and Pathological Indicators of Lung Cancer—A Report of Limited Value?
Authors: Christopher R. E. Coggins
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>describes work that contains a number of major flaws, collectively rendering the information presented as scientifically questionable. In Trichopoulos et al,<sup>1</sup>the authors' major conclusion that "these results provide support to the body of evidence linking passive smoking to lung cancer" is, at best, weakly supported by the data. The authors candidly admit that their estimates of EPPL for "passive smoking" were "not very precise," yet they go on to draw their major conclusion from these imprecise data. Specifically, the authors examined only 17 nonsmoking women who were married to smokers, and 13 nonsmoking women who were married to nonsmokers. Estimates calculated from these 30 subjects (only 7.5% of the subjects examined) served as the basis for the conclusion of an effect of passive smoking. The low statistical power and the possibility of uncontrolled confounding in such a small sample are
Galectin-1 Mediates Radiation-Related Lymphopenia and Attenuates NSCLC Radiation Response
Authors: Peiwen Kuo, Scott V. Bratman, David B. Shultz, Rie von Eyben, Cato Chan, Ziwei Wang, Carmen Say, Aparna Gupta, Bill W. Loo, Amato J. Giaccia, Albert C. Koong, Maximilian Diehn, Quynh-Thu Le
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Radiotherapy can result in lymphopenia, which has been linked to poorer survival. Here, we test the hypothesis that radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia is mediated by a tumor-secreted factor, Galectin-1 (Gal-1), which possesses T-cell proapoptotic activities.Matched Gal-1 wild-type (WT) or null mice were implanted with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1) that either expressed Gal-1 or had Gal-1 stably downregulated. Tumors were irradiated locally and circulating Gal-1 and T cells were measured. Tumor growth, lung metastasis, intratumoral T-cell apoptosis, and microvessel density count were quantified. Thiodigalactoside (TDG), a Gal-1 inhibitor, was used to inhibit Gal-1 function in another group of mice to validate the observations noted with Gal-1 downregulation. Lymphocyte counts, survival, and plasma Gal-1 were analyzed in cohorts of radiotherapy-treated lung [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] and head and neck cancer patients.LLC irradiation increased Gal-1 secretion and decreased circulating T cells in mice, regardless of host Gal-1 expression. Inhibition of tumor Gal-1 with either shRNA or thiodigalactoside ablated radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia. Irradiated shGal-1 tumors showed significantly less intratumoral CD8(+) T-cell apoptosis and microvessel density, which led to marked tumor growth delay and reduced lung metastasis compared with controls. Similar observations were made after thiodigalactoside treatment. Radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia was associated with poorer overall survival in patients with NSCLC treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy. Plasma Gal-1 increased whereas T-cell decreased after radiation in another group of patients.Radiotherapy-related systemic lymphopenia appeared to be mediated by radiotherapy-induced tumor Gal-1 secretion that could lead to tumor progression through intratumoral immune suppression and enhanced angiogenesis.
Anticoagulant activity of an anti‐β<sub>2</sub>‐glycoprotein I antibody is depentent on the presence of β<sub>2</sub>‐glycoprotein I
Authors: Juzo Matsuda, Kengo Gohchi, Miyo Tsukamoto, Noriko Saitoh, Katsuhisa Asami, Masakatsu Hashimoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

We studied whether or not an anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibody (aGPI) had lupus anticoagulant-like activity, employing the diluted Russel viper venom time (dRVVT) and kaolin clotting time (KCT) as indices. aGPI prolonged the dRVVT and KCT of beta 2-glycoprotein I (GPI)-depleted normal plasma in the presence of extrinsic GPI. This prolongation of the dRVVT and KCT occurred immediately after the addition of aGPI and GPI, and was subsequently enhanced further in a time-dependent manner. The GPI/aGPI combination was judged to have lupus anticoagulant-like activity by the dRVVT-platelet neutralization test, but this was not confirmed by a lupus anticoagulant-specific test, i.e., the activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) using hexagonal phospholipid. From these findings, it can be concluded that aGPI has lupus anticoagulant-like activity in the presence of GPI, but may be a partially or considerably different antiphospholipid antibody from lupus anticoagulant. Further investigations may be needed to clarify this point.