tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alternative tests make the grade.
Authors: S Booker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Toxicity testing is absolutely necessary for assessing the safety of substances in food, air, and water, in the workplace and at home. Although there are several tried-and-true toxicity assays, the search is always on for methods that can even better predict toxic effects. As scientific understanding of the effects of environmental toxicants grows, new tests are needed to evaluate previously unexamined end points and to take advantage of advances in biotechnology and the growing knowledge of how toxicants work at the molecular and cellular levels. Another issue is how to develop tests that can reliably and accurately assess toxicity using less time, money, and materials, and with greater regard for animal welfare. The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) was established in 1997 to address these needs through the development, validation, acceptance, and harmonization of new and revised toxicological test methods throughout the federal government.
Antepartum Pituitary Insufficiency in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: DON S. SCHALCH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Pituitary infarction is a well-known consequence of postpartum hemorrhage and attendant hypotension (Sheehan's syndrome). Antepartum pituitary necrosis, however, is exceedingly rare, having been reported in only four women, all young diabetics. The clinical findings and laboratory data for three additional subjects who developed acute pituitary insufficiency during the latter part of pregnancy are reported. None experienced pre- or post-partum hemorrhage or hypotension, and all delivered viable, healthy babies. After delivery all women were amenorrheic, developed cold intolerance, and had either absent or inadequate lactation. Laboratory studies showed diminished levels of plasma growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in all three subjects; in two there was a decreased radioactive iodine uptake and diminished base-line 17-hydroxysteroids and 17-ketosteroids. On replacement therapy the three women have remained in relatively good health for 8 to 15 years after pituitary infarction. Early recognition and appropriate therapy are vital to the health of the mother and fetus in this unusual syndrome.
ADAPTIVE SERVO VENTILATION IMPROVES CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION
Authors: Akiomi Yoshihisa, Takamasa Sato, Hiroyuki Kunii, Kazuhiko Nakazato, Hitoshi Suzuki, Shu-ichi Saitoh, Toshiyuki Ishibashi, Yasuchika Takeishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
IN-HOSPITAL BLEEDING EVENTS WITH THE USE OF NEWER P2Y12 INHIBITORS IN REAL-LIFE PATIENTS WITH ACS: RESULTS FROM THE GREEK ANTIPLATELET (GRAPE) REGISTRY
Authors: Ioanna Xanthopoulou, Katerina Stavrou, Eleni Mavronasiou, Vasileios Gizas, Angelos Perperis, Michalis Hamilos, Vlassis Pyrgakis, Filippos Triposkiadis, Ioannis Goudevenos, Dimitrios Alexopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Coronary artery disease in African-Americans.
Authors: C L Curry
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Contrary to opinions generally accepted in the past, CHD is very common in both African-American men and women, with incidence rates approaching those of US Caucasians. Higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, and obesity all contribute to the high level of CHD in African-Americans. Additional research is needed about the interrelations and management of various risk factors for CHD in African-Americans outside of the sudden death of African-Americans outside of the hospital is urgent, and special attention should be given to accessibility and use of health services by minority populations.
Trends and Outcomes of Outpatient Mastectomy in Elderly Women
Authors: Joan L. Warren, Gerald F. Riley, Arnold L. Potosky, Carrie N. Klabunde, Elizabeth Richter, Rachel Ballard-Barbash
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Considerable public attention has focused on the use of outpatient mastectomy and has resulted in numerous legislative proposals to mandate a minimum hospital stay following mastectomy. To date, only limited scientific data are available regarding the use and the outcomes of outpatient mastectomy. The purpose of this study was to provide population-based information on trends and outcomes for outpatient mastectomy in elderly women.Medicare data for elderly women with fee-for-service coverage were examined for trends and regional variation in the use of outpatient mastectomy. Logistic regression was used to identify patient and provider characteristics associated with having an outpatient mastectomy, and outcomes were assessed by calculating the risk of being rehospitalized and the reasons for rehospitalization.From 1986 through 1995, the proportion of mastectomies performed on an outpatient basis increased from virtually 0% to 10.8%. Outpatient mastectomies were more likely to be performed on women with no coexisting health problems in hospitals that were for-profit or non-teaching or in large metropolitan statistical areas. Women undergoing outpatient mastectomy had substantially higher rates of rehospitalization within 30 days than women with a 1-day stay in the hospital. Both groups had comparable rates of rehospitalization for complications definitely related to their surgery. The percentage of women who required rehospitalization was low, and the actual number of women rehospitalized was relatively small.We conclude that the risks from outpatient mastectomy are modest, although ongoing monitoring of outcomes and assessment of patient satisfaction are needed.
Endogenous adenosine and coronary vasoconstriction in hypoperfused myocardium during exercise
Authors: D. J Duncker, D. D Laxson, P. Lindstrom, R. J Bache
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The coronary circulation has been shown to remain responsive to vasodilator and vasoconstrictor stimuli during myocardial ischaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether endogenous adenosine attenuates coronary vasoconstriction caused by the thromboxane A2 analogue, U46619.Nine chronically instrumented dogs were studied during treadmill exercise in the presence of a coronary stenosis which resulted in distal left circumflex coronary artery hypoperfusion. Myocardial blood flow was assessed with radioactive microspheres during exercise prior to and during intracoronary infusion of U46619 (0.01 microgram.kg-1 x min-1), in the absence and the presence of adenosine receptor blockade with intravenous 8-phenyltheophylline (5 mg.kg-1) and intracoronary adenosine deaminase (50 units.kg-1). Distal coronary pressure was maintained constant during the control stenosis and the three interventions, at 49(SEM 3), 50(3), 50(3), and 50(3) mm Hg.During control exercise mean myocardial blood flow was 0.91(0.09) ml.min-1 x g-1 in the stenosis region and 2.54(0.28) in the normal region. With no change in distal coronary pressure, U46619 decreased mean myocardial blood flow to 0.70(0.10) ml.min-1 x g-1 (p < 0.05). Adenosine blockade alone decreased myocardial blood flow in the stenosis region to 0.60(0.07) ml.min-1 x g-1 (p < 0.05 v control stenosis), indicating that endogenous adenosine contributed to coronary vasodilatation in the ischaemic region. However, adenosine blockade did not augment the vasoconstriction in response to U46619 [mean myocardial blood flow 0.49(0.05) ml.min-1 x g-1], indicating that endogenous adenosine did not attenuate the vasoconstriction caused by U46619.Endogenous adenosine contributed to dilatation of resistance vessels in hypoperfused myocardium of exercising dogs in the absence as well as in the presence of U46619. However, endogenous adenosine did not attenuate the magnitude of the vasoconstrictor response to U46619. These findings are best explained by observations that thromboxane A2 and adenosine act on coronary vascular segments of different size.
Interim Report of Phase II Study of New Nitrosourea S 10036 in Disseminated Malignant Melanoma
Authors: D. Khayat, J. P. Bizzari, M. Frenay, H. Naman, M. Weil, A. Goupil, M. Namer, J. Rouesse, P. Banzet, C. Jacquiuat
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Thirty-three patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were entered in a phase II study of the new nitrosourea S 10036 using a 100-mg/m2 weekly induction schedule for 3–4 consecutive weeks.Patients who responded to this treatment were followed with a maintenance therapy every 3 weeks. Toxic effects were mainly hematological and consisted of delayed thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Among 30 patients who could be evaluated, eight partial responses were observed (response rate, 26.67%); among seven patients with cerebral metastasis, two partial responses were observed. This multicentric study is currently being continued to confirm this interim report. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:1407–1408]
Real-Time 3-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography-Guided Device Closure of Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Saktheeswaran Mahesh Kumar, Subramanian Venkateshwaran, Sasidharan Bijulal, Kavassery Mahadevan Krishnamoorthy, Sivasubramonian Sivasankaran, Jaganmohan A. Tharakan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hereditary pancreatitis is caused by a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene
Authors: David C. Whitcomb, Michael C. Gorry, Robert A. Preston, William Furey, Michael J. Sossenheimer, Charles D. Ulrich, Stephen P. Martin, Lawrence K. Gates, Stephen T. Amann, Phillip P. Toskes, Roger Liddle, Kevin McGrath, G. Uomo, J. C. Post, Garth D. Ehrlich
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Assessment of conventional tomography and fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of potentially malignant chest opacities.
Authors: L R Bagg, I D Cox, N J Russell, A S Thornton, B Gorman, M J Turner
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Conventional chest tomography and fibreoptic bronchoscopy were performed in 100 patients with a localised chest abnormality on their chest radiographs who had been referred with a possible diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. Carcinoma was eventually confirmed in 74 cases and in 26 the lesion proved to be benign. The accuracy of tomography in the overall series was 83%, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 58%. These figures compare favourably with the results of other imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. In 50 patients bronchoscopy did not suggest carcinoma and in this group of patients 24 had a carcinoma and 26 a benign lesion. The accuracy of tomography in the bronchoscopy negative patients was 74%, the major source of error being the false positive category. The lesion eventually proved to be benign in 33% of the cases where tomography suggested malignancy, but when the tomograms suggested that the lesion was benign a tumour was found to be present in only 12% of cases.
Treatment effects and placebo effects
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Researchers investigated the effectiveness of iron supplementation on reducing fatigue in non-anaemic women with unexplained fatigue. A double blind randomised placebo controlled trial was performed. In total, 144 women aged 18-55 years were recruited from an academic primary care centre and eight general practices in western Switzerland. Women were randomised to oral ferrous sulphate (80 mg/day of elemental iron daily; n=75) or placebo (n=69) for four weeks.1 The primary outcome was self reported fatigue as measured by a 10 point visual analogue scale, ranging from 1 (no fatigue at all) to 10 (very severe fatigue). At baseline, mean fatigue values were 6.37 points in the intervention group and 6.46 points in the placebo group. The mean decrease in fatigue after four weeks was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the placebo group (1.82 v 0.85 points; difference 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.32 to 1.62; P=0.004). It was concluded that non-anaemic women with unexplained fatigue may benefit from iron supplementation. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Association of Sports Activities and Rhinitis Symptoms in Schoolchildren Is Influenced By Comorbidities of Eczema
Authors: Takashi Kusunoki, Jiro Takeuchi, Takeshi Morimoto, Mio Sakuma, Kumiko Mukaida, Takahiro Yasumi, Ryuta Nishikomori, Toshio Heike
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
3 Severe cutaneous adverse reactions time latency between beginning of drug use and onset of reaction
Authors: M. Mockenhaupt, J. Schlingmann, E. SchOpf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article 3 Severe cutaneous adverse reactions time latency between beginning of drug use and onset of reaction Get access M. Mockenhaupt, M. Mockenhaupt Dokumentationszentrum schwerer Hautreaktionen (dZh), Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Schlingmann, J. Schlingmann Dokumentationszentrum schwerer Hautreaktionen (dZh), Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. SchÖpf E. SchÖpf Dokumentationszentrum schwerer Hautreaktionen (dZh), Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 3, 1 March 2002, Pages 541–542, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.302723.x Published: 01 March 2002
Interferon + rybavirin vs interferon alone treatment of children with chronic HCV infection
Authors: M. Woynarowski, J. Socha, J. Kuydowicz, J. Wysocki, W. Służewski, J. Mizerski, M. Korzon, T. Chmurska-Motyka, I.Kacprzak Bergman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Work-related asthma comes out of hiding
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

When Rodrigo Chacon, MD, left family practice after 18 years to become an industrial physician, he expected to encounter familiar problems. But three years after he began working in the chemical manufacturing unit of a large corporation, there were two baffling cases in which workers were hospitalized for pulmonary edema and hemolysis. Neither Chacon nor local physicians whom he consulted could explain these illnesses. Because other workers in the factory had experienced respiratory problems, Chacon decided that the two employees probably were experiencing severe allergic reactions. He contacted the corporation's chief physician, Peter Wolkonsky, MD, who enlisted the aid of a team of allergists at Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, headed by C. Raymond Zeiss, MD, associate professor of medicine, and Roy Patterson, MD, chairman of the Department of Medicine. The results of their landmark investigation, along with recent work on occupational respiratory disease by two other groups in
Effect of Estrogen on Pseudomonas Mucoidy and Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sanjay H. Chotirmall, Stephen G. Smith, Cedric Gunaratnam, Sonya Cosgrove, Borislav D. Dimitrov, Shane J. O'Neill, Brian J. Harvey, Catherine M. Greene, Noel G. McElvaney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Women with cystic fibrosis are at increased risk for mucoid conversion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which contributes to a sexual dichotomy in disease severity.
Platelet genomics and proteomics in human health and disease
Authors: I. C. Macaulay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Proteomic and genomic technologies provide powerful tools for characterizing the multitude of events that occur in the anucleate platelet. These technologies are beginning to define the complete platelet transcriptome and proteome as well as the protein-protein interactions critical for platelet function. The integration of these results provides the opportunity to identify those proteins involved in discrete facets of platelet function. Here we summarize the findings of platelet proteome and transcriptome studies and their application to diseases of platelet function.
Social deprivation affects outcome of nocturnal enuresis
Authors: D. Rolands
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Evans has written on evidence based management of nocturnal enuresis.1 This article, together with the guidelines of the Enuresis Resource and Information Centre (ERIC) on minimum standards of practice in the treatment of enuresis,2 should be used to provide a framework within which enuresis services can be audited and evaluated.

We recently completed the first cycle …
Dawn of the post-antibiotic age?
Authors: N Brown
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Hospital acquired infection received considerable press coverage after the diagnosis of severe cases of soft tissue infection caused by group A s haemolytic streptococci (the “flesh eating killer bug”). This World in Action documentary considered some of the more important causes of infection seen in hospitals, emphasising the role of organisms resistant to first line antibiotics.

A series of narratives told of a newborn baby who had died of an infection due to a resistant Klebsiella sp, a man with a vascular graft infected with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus who had to have his leg amputated, …
The early-onset torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) encodes an ATP-binding protein
Authors: Laurie J. Ozelius, Jeffrey W. Hewett, Curtis E. Page, Susan B. Bressman, Patricia L. Kramer, Christo Shalish, Deborah de Leon, Mitchell F. Brin, Deborah Raymond, David P. Corey, Stanley Fahn, Neil J. Risch, Alan J. Buckler, James F. Gusella, Xandra O. Breakefield
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Intermittent ischemia reduces warm hypoxia-reoxygenation–induced JNK1/SAPK1 activation and apoptosis in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Dominique Crenesse, Marina Laurens, Jean Gugenheim, Catherine Heurteaux, Raffaele Cursio, Bernard Rossi, Annie Schmid-Alliana
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Prolonged liver ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) causes functional and structural damage to liver cells, resulting in necrosis and apoptosis. c-jun N-terminal kinase 1/stress-activated protein kinase 1 (JNK 1 /SAPK 1 ) is activated during I/R and participates in the onset of the apoptosis program. Excessive blood loss during surgery can hinder postoperative recovery. Intermittent portal triad clamping (PTC) is better tolerated than prolonged continuous ischemia. This study was designed to demonstrate that intermittent ischemia could improve postischemic survival rates by a decrease of JNK 1 /SAPK 1 and caspase 3 activation, which were involved in the apoptosis process. Rats were subjected to intermittent 1-hour ischemia (15-minute ischemia/5-minute reperfusion, 4 times), followed by 220-minute reperfusion, or to continuous ischemia (1 hour), followed by 240-minute reperfusion. Mortality rates were assessed on day 7. Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactate deshydrogenase levels (LDH) were measured 6 hours after ischemia. This study was completed in primary cultured isolated rat hepatocytes, subjected to the same continuous or intermittent hypoxic conditions. The activation status of JNK 1 /SAPK 1 was evaluated by immunoprecipitation or Western blotting experiments. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring caspase activation and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) reaction. Eighty percent of the intermittent-ischemia group was alive 7 days after surgery and serum enzyme levels were significantly decreased. Intermittent hypoxia or ischemia did not lead to JNK 1 /SAPK 1 activation, but at least 3 hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) sets were necessary to inhibit kinase activation. Consequently, caspase 3 activation and apoptosis were dramatically reduced. Intermittent ischemia is a powerful, protective way to reduce I/R damage of the liver, by reduction of JNK 1 /SAPK 1 activation associated with a down-regulation of caspase 3 activity, which leads to inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis.
This time it was not a drill
Authors: F. Islam
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editorial p 1018 

The phone rang. It was ten past nine in the morning and I wasn't due to start work in the casualty department at St Mary's Hospital until the afternoon.

“Where are you? It's Dad here. There's been a major rail crash just down the road from you. Hundreds are injured.”

I quickly changed and ran downstairs. I weaved in and out of the traffic on my bicycle, and within two minutes I was at the police cordon. I flashed my identity badge and was led to the scene of the disaster.

“Keep your bicycle helmet on, Doc. The paramedics are over there with some of the wounded.”

> Never had I imagined a major incident running so efficiently 

One hour had passed since the fatal collision and already a slick rescue plan was in operation. There were five commuters lying on the ground, each white with fear, shivering, although it was not cold. They lay with charred or bloodied faces. Look- ing dazed and frightened, but all uncomplaining—happy …
A new homozygous nonsense mutation in<i>LAMA3A</i>underlying laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome
Authors: M. Barzegar, N. Mozafari, A. Kariminejad, Z. Asadikani, L. Ozoemena, J.A. McGrath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Laryngo-onycho-cutaneous (LOC) syndrome is a subtype of autosomal recessive junctional epidermolysis bullosa in which there is prominent skin and mucosal granulation tissue that can lead to delayed wound healing, laryngeal obstruction and blindness. Thus far, all cases are of Punjabi ancestry and have been shown to result from a founder mutation in the LAMA3 gene, notably involving a single nucleotide insertion mutation in exon 39, which is specific to the LAMA3A (designated exon 1 of LAMA3A) and not the LAMA3B1 or LAMA3B2 isoforms. Here, we describe a new pedigree with LOC syndrome. Affected individuals (from Iran) have the characteristic clinicopathological and molecular features of LOC syndrome: prominent granulation tissue (especially affecting the eyes), normal intensity laminin-332 immunostaining at the dermal-epidermal junction, and autosomal recessive mutations in the LAMA3A-specific exon. The pathogenic mutation is a homozygous nonsense mutation, designated p.Gln57X, which just affects the laminin-α3a transcript. These findings therefore expand the molecular basis of LOC syndrome.
Regulation of Primate Testicular Luteinizing Hormone Receptors and Steroidogenesis
Authors: Terry F. Davies, Gary D. Hodgen, Maria L. Dufau, Kevin J. Catt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The testicular luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors of the rhesus monkey and human have many features in common, including high equilibrium association constant, marked species specificity, and relatively low binding capacity. We have, therefore, used rhesus monkeys as models for human LH-receptor regulation in vivo during gonadotropin treatment. In four adult male monkeys, treated with 10,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), serum and testicular steroidogenic responses were monitored at 24-h intervals during the following 4 d, and LH-receptor concentrations were measured by (125)I-hCG binding to 15,000-g particles prepared from testis biopsy specimens. In treated animals, serum hCG was maximal on day 1 at 322+/-16 ng/ml and declined to 24.4+/-2.3 ng/ml by day 4. Serum testosterone was increased threefold during the subsequent 4 d (from 6.5+/-2.0 to 18.6+/-4.4 ng/ml) but serum progesterone remained unchanged. In contrast, serum 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone increased 12-fold to 5.5+/-0.5 ng/ml at day 1 and was increased fourfold during the subsequent 3 d. The LH-receptor binding capacity of the primate testis was reduced by 18.3+/-6.0% on day 1, 51.7+/-7.4% on day 2, and 45.3+/-2.4% on day 4. Occupancy of the LH receptors by endogenously bound hCG was significant on day 1 but was negligible by day 4. These data demonstrate that gonadotropin-induced LH-receptor depletion occurs in the rhesus testis and indicate that primate gonadotropin receptors are susceptible to the regulatory processes recently described in the rat. In addition, the simultaneous and disproportionate accumulation of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone indicates that 17,20-desmolase was rate-limiting under these conditions in the primate testis Leydig cell.