tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ICTERUS
Authors: G. H. Whiffle, C. W. Hoofer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

The intravenous injection of red cells obtained from the same animal and laked by distilled water is similar to certain types of hemolysis which result in hematogenous jaundice. This procedure cannot be criticized on the grounds of introducing toxic substances. The hemoglobin circulating in the blood stream is rapidly changed, in part at least, to bile pigment. The change goes on with practically the same rapidity in a normal circulation, in an Eck fistula animal, and in a dog with Eck fistula and hepatic artery ligation. Moreover, the bile pigment formation goes on in a dog whose liver, spleen, and intestines have been shut out of the circulation, and in those with a head and thorax circulation. In the last experiments there had been no operative manipulation of the liver and the bile pigment could not have escaped from the liver and have been absorbed by the circulation above the diaphragm; for example, by the thoracic duct. It is possible that the endothelium of the blood vessels is the agent which brings about the rapid change of hemoglobin to bile pigment. This mechanism probably comes into play when there has been a destruction of many red cells with much hemoglobin free in the plasma. We may conclude that in dogs, at least, hemoglobin can be rapidly changed into bile pigment in the circulating blood without participation of the liver.
Correlates of systemic disease in adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura: A retrospective study of direct immunofluorescence and skin lesion distribution in 87 patients at Mayo Clinic
Authors: Timothy J. Poterucha, David A. Wetter, Lawrence E. Gibson, Michael J. Camilleri, Christine M. Lohse
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Platelet electrophoresis: effect of defibrination by ancrod (Arvin)
Authors: A. G. G. TURPIE, G. P. MCNICOL, A. S. DOUGLAS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

The changes in platelet electrophoretic mobility induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and noradrenaline in normal subjects, in patients with acute illnesses, and in patients with chronic vascular disease described by Hampton and Mitchell (1966 a, b, c) are confirmed. The platelet electrophoretic mobility dose response curves in nine patients undergoing therapeutic defibrination by ancrod have been studied. Pretreatment platelet sensitivity to ADP was increased, during treatment at 48 hr and at 96 hr was normal, and one week after therapy was stopped reverted to the abnormal sensitivity pattern. During ancrod therapy the normal electrophoretic mobility response to ADP was associated with low levels of fibrinogen; one possible explanation of the altered platelet sensitivity found before treatment might be an abnormality of the plasma fibrinogen in disease states.
WAYS WITH WORDS
Authors: A. Paton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

I was delighted to hear that the BMJ (British Medical Journal) had accepted an advertisement for the BMJ (Builders Merchants Journal). It confirmed a long held belief in the abomination of abbreviations and the arrogance of those who use them, expecting others to know what they are talking about.

Over the years I have collected many examples with a similar potential for confusion. A simple case might be BP: …
Perivascular adipose tissue promotes vasoconstriction: the role of superoxide anion
Authors: Y GAO, K TAKEMORI, L SU, W AN, C LU, A SHARMA, R LEE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objectives Recent studies have demonstrated that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) releases vascular relaxation factor(s). In this study, we examined if PVAT releases other vasoactive factors in response to perivascular nerve activation by electrical field stimulation (EFS).
Distinct RAD51 Associations with RAD52 and BCCIP in Response to DNA Damage and Replication Stress
Authors: Justin Wray, Jingmei Liu, Jac A. Nickoloff, Zhiyuan Shen
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract RAD51 has critical roles in homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and restarting stalled or collapsed replication forks. In yeast, Rad51 function is facilitated by Rad52 and other “mediators.” Mammalian cells express RAD52, but BRCA2 may have supplanted RAD52 in mediating RAD51 loading onto ssDNA. BCCIP interacts with BRCA2, and both proteins are important for RAD51 focus formation after ionizing radiation and HR repair of DSBs. Nonetheless, mammalian RAD52 shares biochemical activities with yeast Rad52, including RAD51 binding and single-strand annealing, suggesting a conserved role in HR. Because RAD52 and RAD51 associate, and RAD51 and BCCIP associate, we investigated the colocalization of RAD51 with BCCIP and RAD52 in human cells. We found that RAD51 colocalizes with BCCIP early after ionizing radiation, with RAD52 later, and there was little colocalization of BCCIP and RAD52. RAD52 foci are induced to a greater extent by hydroxyurea, which stalls replication forks, than by ionizing radiation. Using fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching, we show that RAD52 mobility is reduced to a greater extent by hydroxyurea than ionizing radiation. However, BCCIP showed no changes in mobility after hydroxyurea or ionizing radiation. We propose that BCCIP-dependent repair of DSBs by HR is an early RAD51 response to ionizing radiation–induced DNA damage, and that RAD52-dependent HR occurs later to restart a subset of blocked or collapsed replication forks. RAD52 and BRCA2 seem to act in parallel pathways, suggesting that targeting RAD52 in BRCA2-deficient tumors may be effective in treating these tumors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2699–706]
Viruses in the Aetiology of Skin Diseases
Authors: R. T. Brain
Journal: BMJ (1936)

vCHRONIC MENINGOCOCCAL SEPTICAEMTA DRTTISWN MEDICAL JOURNA..No redness, swelling, or tenderness is observable in the painful joints.The spleen may just be palpable, but more often is not.Meningococcal endocarditis-has been described, and may complicate the septicaemia, but more frequently the valves are not affected.A necropsy on Case III after remittent pyrexia for twelve months revealed no endocarditis.Cases with metastases in joints, pleura, and conjunctivae have also been described. Occurrence of MeningitisMeningococcaemia may persist for many weeks or months after an attack of meningitis, but in the cases to which we more especially wish to call attention there is (i) an absence of all signs of meningeal involvement, (ii) transient signs of meningeal irritation at the onset, shown by headache, pain in the back of the neck, and perhaps some neck rigidity, the cerebro-spinal fluid in these cases remaining unchanged, or (iii) a terminal onset of mening- itis, as happened in Case III after nine months' illness.The blood count may show a leucocytosis of 12,000 to 25,000 white cells, or may be normal.There is never a leucopenia.The chronic forms of meningococcaemia are not peculiar to any group of meningococci, Types I, II, and IV being found in the present series.The organism can sometimes only be isolated from the blood with difficulty, or not at all, and a negative blood culture does not exclude the condition. Duration and PrognosisThe pyrexia may last for many weeks or months.In our cases the pyrexial period extended over nine, eleven, twelve, fifteen, and fifty weeks respectively.Several cases
Possible Beneficial Effect of Telmisartan on Glycemic Control in Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Sachiko Honjo, Yuichi Nichi, Yoshiharu Wada, Yoshiyuki Hamamoto, Hiroyuki Koshiyama
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

In a recent issue of Diabetes Care , Pershadsingh and Kurtz (1) reported an interesting case subject with impaired glucose tolerance, whose insulin resistance and triglycerides improved on the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker telmisartan. Telmisartan has a unique agonist activity of the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in vitro (2). It reduces glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels in rats fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (2). These results suggest that telmisartan may have a beneficial effect on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

We investigated the effect of …
On the Action of Pancreatine upon Fat, and the Proper form in which to Use it
Authors: H. Dobell
Journal: BMJ (1880)

84Isufficient of themselves to cause any obvious refrigeration of the body.I have already referred to the employment of quinine and-salicylate of soda, and to the powerful influence they severally possess, when duly administered, in reducing temperature.The most powerful agent, however, in this respect, is the cold bath.I need not here go into the history of its introduction.It is sufficient to state that for some years past it has been very largely employed abroad, especially in Ger- many, in the treatment of enteric fever; and that lately it has been extensively adopted among us by some of those physicians who are con- -nected with fever-hospitals.I have already referred to the admirable Croonian Lectures on Typhoid Fever by Dr. Cayley.In the last of them he discusses, with equal learning, knowledge, and skill, the use of the cold bath in this disease.He quotes statistics from foreign writers, which go to show that the mortality from enteric fever has been reduced by one-half among those who have been treated systematically by cold bathing; and he shows that, in his own hands, this mode of
Menstruation and Phthisis
Authors: H. Handford
Journal: BMJ (1887)

UN 153where the insertion was torn out, and the patella was displaced up- wards for four fingers' breadth.The other occurred to a young officer when making a similar effort.The symptoms, this writer enumerates, are great pain, evident deformity, and upward displacement of the patella, but his cases were some months old before he saw them, and in them a loose band of union had been formed, enabling feeble movements of extension to take place, results so different from that attending the treatment in the case now described, that I venture to suggest the procedure adopted by me, or some modification of it, as a reliable method of treating this in)jury.
Effect of Prolonged Interferon Therapy on the Outcome of Hepatitis C Virus–Related Cirrhosis: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Laetitia Fartoux, Françoise Degos, Christian Trépo, Odile Goria, Paul Calès, Albert Tran, Catherine Buffet, Thierry Poynard, Dominique Capron, Jean–Jacques Raabe, Dominique Roulot, Sylvie Naveau, Jean–Didier Grange, Renée E. Poupon, Raoul Poupon, Lawrence Serfaty
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Response to Comment on: Davidson et al. High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in People With Prediabetes and Hypovitaminosis D. Diabetes Care 2013;36:260–266
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

This letter is in response to Pilz et al. (1) who are concerned about the possible long-term effects of high levels of vitamin D on mortality. In a sense, our study was a “proof of concept” one. As noted in our article (2) and in its Supplementary Table 3, there have been a number of studies evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on diabetes, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity, almost all of which …
Quantitative isolation of ?1AT mutant Z protein polymers from human and mouse livers and the effect of heat
Authors: Jae-Koo An, Keith Blomenkamp, Douglas Lindblad, Jeffrey H. Teckman
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT) deficiency in its most common form is caused by homozygosity for the alpha1AT mutant Z gene. This gene encodes a mutant Z secretory protein, primarily synthesized in the liver, that assumes an abnormal conformation and accumulates within hepatocytes causing liver cell injury. Studies have shown that mutant alpha1ATZ protein molecules form unique protein polymers. These Z protein polymers have been hypothesized to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of liver injury in this disease, although a lack of quantitative methods to isolate the polymers from whole liver has hampered further analysis. In this study, we demonstrate a quantitative alpha1ATZ polymer isolation technique from whole liver and show that the hepatocellular periodic acid-Schiff-positive globular inclusions that are the histopathological hallmark of this disease are composed almost entirely of the polymerized alpha1ATZ protein. Furthermore, we examine the previously proposed but untested hypothesis that induction of alpha1ATZ polymerization by the heat of physiological fever is part of the mechanism of hepatic alpha1ATZ protein accumulation. The results, however, show that fever-range temperature elevations have no detectable effect on steady-state levels of intrahepatic Z protein polymer in a model in vivo system. In conclusion, methods to separate insoluble protein aggregates from liver can be used for quantitative isolation of alpha1ATZ protein polymers, and the effect of heat from physiological fever may be different in vivo compared with in vitro systems.
Zebrafish screen identifies novel compound with selective toxicity against leukemia
Authors: Suzanne Ridges, Will L. Heaton, Deepa Joshi, Henry Choi, Anna Eiring, Lance Batchelor, Priya Choudhry, Elizabeth J. Manos, Hossein Sofla, Ali Sanati, Seth Welborn, Archana Agarwal, Gerald J. Spangrude, Rodney R. Miles, James E. Cox, J. Kimble Frazer, Michael Deininger, Kaveri Balan, Matthew Sigman, Markus Müschen, Tatiana Perova, Radia Johnson, Bertrand Montpellier, Cynthia J. Guidos, David A. Jones, Nikolaus S. Trede
Journal: Blood (2012)
RESUME OF THE HISTOLOGY OF THE DENTAL PULP.
Authors: V. A. LATHAM
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The consideration of the details of development and structure from a new point of view, I regret to say, is too incomplete and my opportunities have been too few to allow of the experimental work being completed in time for this meeting. I can only bring to your notice a number of what seem to me to be important questions bearing upon this subject for your discussion. When we consider the literature† at our command, we feel inclined to ask, "Is this reliable?" "Can we prove these statements?" And when we commence our line of proof by experiments, we meet with many obstacles. First, we find our education as regards our microscopic work has been neglected in college, or only given us from one side—the medical—with no dental bearing at all. What student is taught the principles of optics, illumination and the use of the condenser, which are so important
A Proposed National Policy on Health Care Workers Living With HIV/AIDS and Other Blood-Borne Pathogens
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2000)

In 1991, scientific uncertainty about the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]-positive) led the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to recommend that infected health care workers (HCWs) be reviewed by an expert panel and inform patients of their serologic status before engaging in exposure-prone procedures. The data demonstrate that risks of transmission in the health care setting are exceedingly low, suggesting that the national policy should be reformed. Implementation of the current national policy at the local level poses significant human rights burdens on HCWs, but does not improve patient safety. A new national policy should focus on the management of the workplace environment and injury prevention by creating a program to prevent blood-borne pathogen transmission; by encouraging infected HCWs to promote their own health and well-being; by discontinuing expert review panels and special restrictions for exposure-prone procedures, which stigmatize HCWs; by discontinuing mandatory disclosure of a HCW's infection status in low-level risk procedures; and by imposing practice restrictions to avert significant risks to patients. Inclusion of these principles would achieve high levels of patient safety without discrimination and invasion of privacy. JAMA. 2000;284:1965-1970.
Strangers at the Bedside: A History of How Law and Bioethics Transformed Medical Decision Making
Authors: Stanley B. Troup
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The author is a historian and professor of social medicine. The text provides, as does most good historical writing, more than a chronicle of a time or a depiction of the roles of actors in an era. Professor Rothman examines the relationship of physician to patient and documents how this has changed, particularly during the decade 1966 through 1976. The author does more than describe the change; he develops the thesis that the changed relationship is a consequence of the loss of trust in the physician. The appearance of "strangers at the bedside," the metaphor chosen to describe the individuals and agencies who now must be considered and consulted during the course of patient care, is, as the author recognizes, complex. Rothman identifies the work of Henry Beecher, published in 1966, as the signal event that summoned the attention of government and public to failings by physicians to protect human
C4 deficiency, SLE, and Whipple's disease
Authors: Juan. J. Canoso, J. R. Wohlgethan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

C4 deficiency, SLE, and Whipple's disease SIR, We read with interest the report of a patient with C4 deficiency, SLE, and Whipple's disease.'We would like to propose an alternative to the diagnosis of Whipple's disease in this case.There have been several recent publications highlighting the striking resemblance of the lesions of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection to those of Whipple's disease.2PAS-positive macrophages are found in tissue infected by M. avium-intracellulare as well as in Whipple's disease; the bacillary bodies seen by electron microscopy in each condition are indistinguishable.4The authors postulate that complement deficiency, SLE itself, and steroid therapy all rendered their patient more susceptible to Whipple's disease.The same argument suggests M. avium-intracellulare infection.Since the special procedures required to culture this organism5 were not carried out, the diagnosis of Whipple's disease remains uncertain.An acid-fast stain, said to be negative in Whipple's disease and positive in M. avium-intracellulare infection,2 3 could be performed on tissues obtained at necropsy in this case.The results would be of great interest.
Depletion of clusterin in renal diseases causing nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Maurizio Bruschi, Giovanni Candiano, Maria Pia Rastaldi, Francesco Scolari, Patrizia Passerini, Luca Musante, Nicoletta Pertica, Gianluca Caridi, Franco Ferrario, Francesco Perfumo, Claudio Ponticelli
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology: Reviewing the status of a transdiagnostic construct
Authors: Lisa Iverach, Ross G. Menzies, Rachel E. Menzies
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2014)

Death anxiety is considered to be a basic fear underlying the development and maintenance of numerous psychological conditions. Treatment of transdiagnostic constructs, such as death anxiety, may increase treatment efficacy across a range of disorders. Therefore, the purpose of the present review is to: (1) examine the role of Terror Management Theory (TMT) and Experimental Existential Psychology in understanding death anxiety as a transdiagnostic construct, (2) outline inventories used to evaluate the presence and severity of death anxiety, (3) review research evidence pertaining to the assessment and treatment of death anxiety in both non-clinical and clinical populations, and (4) discuss clinical implications and future research directions. Numerous inventories have been developed to evaluate the presence and severity of death anxiety, and research has provided compelling evidence that death anxiety is a significant issue, both theoretically and clinically. In particular, death anxiety appears to be a basic fear at the core of a range of mental disorders, including hypochondriasis, panic disorder, and anxiety and depressive disorders. Large-scale, controlled studies to determine the efficacy of well-established psychological therapies in the treatment of death anxiety as a transdiagnostic construct are warranted.
Such a trial should not limit the choices of women who already have a preference
Authors: M. Newburn, R. Dodds
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The crucial question is: What would be the purpose of a randomised controlled study of home versus hospital birth? It could be argued that more information about the outcomes associated with home birth would increase the opportunity for women to make informed choices about their care. However, the questions that women and their partners have about home birth centre on issues of safety and how to arrange a home birth in the face of opposition. While they would be interested to hear about breast feeding and psychological outcomes, those who are doubtful are concerned about the risks and those who are keen to have a home birth …
Syntax in the brain: Linguistic versus neuroanatomical specificity
Authors: Angela D. Friederici, D. Yves von Cramon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

We criticize the lack of neuroanatomical precision in the Grodzinsky target article. We propose a more precise neuroanatomical characterization of syntactic processing and suggest that syntactic procedures are supported by the left frontal operculum in addition to the anterior part of the superior temporal gyrus, which appears to be associated with syntactic knowledge representation.
Oral 4-aminosalicylic acid versus 5-aminosalicylic acid slow release tablets. Double blind, controlled pilot study in the maintenance treatment of Crohn's ileocolitis.
Authors: S Schreiber, S Howaldt, A Raedler
Journal: Gut (1994)

4-Aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) has been suggested as an effective treatment for both active and quiescent ulcerative colitis. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is well accepted for the maintenance treatment of inactive ulcerative colitis. Moreover, recent studies suggest that 5-ASA may also be effective in maintaining remission in Crohn9s colitis. As treatment with 4-ASA may result in less side effects, the efficacy of a one year9s maintenance treatment with oral 4-ASA (1.5 g/d, slow release tablets, n = 19) and oral 5-ASA (1.5 g/d, slow release tablets, n = 21) was compared in a double blind, randomised trial in patients with quiescent Crohn9s ileocolitis. Patients with ileocolonic or colonic involvement were enrolled if in stable remission for more than two months but less than one year. Baseline demography and clinical severity were similar in both groups. Total colonoscopy and ileoscopy were performed at enrollment and at the end of the study. After one year seven of 19 patients receiving 4-ASA (36%) and 8 of 21 receiving 5-ASA (38%) had developed a clinical relapse, as defined by a rise in the Crohn9s disease activity index (CDAI) of more than 100 points to values higher than 150. The relapse rates between the 4-ASA and the 5-ASA groups were not statistically different although no comparison with the spontaneous relapse rate in a placebo group could be made. Clinical relapse was accompanied by a statistically significant rise in serum concentrations of soluble interleukin 2 receptor and by an increased percentage of activated peripheral blood T cells. There were no statistical differences between the 4-ASA and the 5-ASA groups regarding the height of rise in CDAI or of soluble interleukin 2 receptor concentrations during relapse, thus showing a similar severity relapsed disease activity. In conclusion, 4-ASA maybe as effective as 5-ASA in the maintenance treatment of quiescent Crohn9s disease and there were no differences in the severity of relapse between both treatment groups.