tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Knowledge by ignoring
Authors: Paul M. Pietroski, Susan J. Dwyer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Some cases of implicit knowledge involve representations of (implicitly) known propositions, but this is not the only important type of implicit knowledge. Chomskian linguistics suggests another model of how humans can know more than is accessible to consciousness. Innate capacities to focus on a small range of possibilities, thereby ignoring many others, need not be grounded by inner representations of any possibilities ignored. This model may apply to many domains where human cognition “fills a gap” between stimuli and judgment.
The Molecular Basis for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Crisis by Intravenous Urea.
Authors: Robert M. Nalbandian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970The Molecular Basis for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Crisis by Intravenous Urea.Robert M. Nalbandian, M.D., Raymond Henry, Ph.D., Bruce Nichols, B.A., Dale L. Kessler, M.D., Frank R. Camp Jr., Keats K. Vining Jr., M.D., (Associate)Robert M. Nalbandian, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Raymond Henry, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Bruce Nichols, B.A.Search for more papers by this author, Dale L. Kessler, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frank R. Camp Jr.Search for more papers by this author, Keats K. Vining Jr., M.D., (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-795_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe show that the molecular basis for the use of intravenous urea in the treatment of sickle cell crisis is supported by molecular pathology and in vitro experiments. We have been able to inhibit and to reverse sickling in both heterozygous and homozygous S intact erythrocytes without hemolysis by using urea in an osmotically balanced invert sugar solution. Also, concentrated hemolysates of both heterozygous and homozygous hemoglobin S have been prevented from gelling at 37 C with the use of urea, indicating inhibition of sickling. The molecular basis for the effectiveness of urea in blocking and reversing sickling is implicit... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert M. Nalbandian, M.D.; Raymond Henry, Ph.D.; Bruce Nichols, B.A.; Dale L. Kessler, M.D.; Frank R. CampJr.; Keats K. ViningJr., M.D., (Associate)Affiliations: Grand Rapids, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe unexpected pathway to the creation of the HbA1c test and the discovery of AGE’sDesign and evaluation of a sickle cell anemia projects laboratory for freshmen medical studentsThe interactions of sickle hemoglobinModified Sickledex tube test: a specific test for S hemoglobin 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 795-795KeywordsHemoglobinMolecular pathologyUrea ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Idiopathic Osteonecrosis of the Second Metacarpal Head Detected on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Tevfik Fikret Cermik, Mehmet Fatih Firat
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 29-year-old woman had pain and limited range of motion in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the left second finger for 3 months. The patient had no previous trauma, and there were no factors that could be the cause of her disease. Examination revealed tenderness over the second metacarpophalangeal joint. For the evaluation of pain, x-ray and 3-phase bone scintigraphy were performed. X-rays showed an osteolytic lesion in the head of the left second metacarpal, and a bone scan showed increased activity at the same site. It was determined to be osteonecrosis.
Examination of the Child with Chronic Pyelonephritis
Authors: Allan M. Butler, Thomas H. Lanman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1937)

THE frequency with which a serious hypertension or uremia in childhood is preceded by chronic pyelonephritis renders it essential to use with the maximum effectiveness every medical and surgical procedure of therapeutic value early in the course of the disease, before a progressive hypertension or renal insufficiency has been initiated. In practice many cases will be deprived of early effective therapy unless a thorough examination of the genitourinary system is made with efficiency and dispatch. The organization of the examination is therefore important. For this rea-
GMC hearing reveals how doctor won deal to have earlier inquiry documents destroyed
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A cardiologist who was suspended from practice for 12 months by the General Medical Council last week for using NHS research funds to subsidise his private practice was the subject of an earlier inquiry by his hospital, it was revealed last week.

One of the terms of his severance agreement was that documents used in the internal inquiry would be destroyed, the GMC hearing was told.

Clive Handler, the fundholder for the cardiology research fund at Northwick Park Hospitals NHS Trust between 1995 and 1997, was found guilty by the GMC of serious professional misconduct …
Color-encoded semiautomatic analysis for multislice first-pass magnetic resonance perfusion: Comparison to 99m technetium single-photon emission computed tomography and X-ray angiography
Authors: Holger Thiele, Sven Plein, Marcel Breeuwer, John P. Ridgway, Penelope J. Thorley, Gerhard Schuler, Mohan Sivananthan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
PSA Screening Among Elderly Men With Limited Life Expectancies
Authors: Louise C Walter, Daniel Bertenthal, Karla Lindquist, Badrinath R Konety
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Most guidelines do not recommend prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in elderly men who have limited life expectancies because the known harms of screening outweigh potential benefits. However, there are no large-scale studies of actual PSA screening practices in elderly men, according to life expectancy.To characterize the extent of PSA screening among elderly men, including those with limited life expectancies.Cohort study of 597 642 male veterans aged 70 years and older who were seen at 104 US Department of Veterans Affairs facilities during both 2002 and 2003, without a history of prostate cancer, elevated PSA, or prostate cancer symptoms. Charlson comorbidity scores were used to stratify men into 3 groups ranging from best health (score = 0) to worst health (score >or= 4).Receipt of PSA testing during 2003 was based on US Department of Veterans Affairs data and Medicare claims.In 2003, 56% of elderly men had a PSA test performed. Although PSA screening rates decreased with advancing age, within each 5-year age group the percentage of men who underwent a PSA test did not substantially decline with worsening health. For example, among men aged 85 years and older, 34% in best health had a PSA test compared with 36% in worst health. In multivariate analyses, many nonclinical factors, such as marital status and region of the country, had a greater effect on PSA screening than health, and screening rates exceeded 60% for some subgroups of men in worst health.Prostate-specific antigen screening rates among elderly veterans with limited life expectancies should be much lower than current practice given the known harms of screening. More attention to prognosis is needed when making screening PSA recommendations to elderly men.
1031-134 Relationship between the transcardiac increase of plasma heart-type fatty acid-binding protein and left ventricular remodeling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Keijin Ohno, Takayoshi Tsutamoto, Chitose Ishikawa, Hiroshi Sakai, Takashi Tsutsui, Masaru Hayashi, Atsuyuki Wada, Minoru Horie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
α-Mannan induces Th17-mediated pulmonary graft-versus-host disease in mice
Authors: Hidetaka Uryu, Daigo Hashimoto, Koji Kato, Eiko Hayase, Satomi Matsuoka, Reiki Ogasawara, Shuichiro Takahashi, Yoshinobu Maeda, Hiromi Iwasaki, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Shinobu Saijo, Yoichiro Iwakura, Geoffrey R. Hill, Koichi Akashi, Takanori Teshima
Journal: Blood (2015)
Measurement of Human Fat Cells by a New Technique.
Authors: George A. Bray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Measurement of Human Fat Cells by a New Technique.George A. Bray, M.D., F.A.C.P.George A. Bray, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-790_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSamples of adipose tissue were obtained at surgery or from open biopsies in obese patients. Fat cells were prepared by incubating pieces of fat at 37 C in a buffer containing collagenase. Fifty to 150 fat cells were measured with a binocular microscope using an ocular micrometer. The mean diameter of fat cells from 13 samples of normal fat was 74.7 ± 3.3 µ with a range of 61 to 90 µ. In samples from 10 obese patients the mean diameter was 107.6 ± 3.9 µ with a range of 90 to 128 µ. In four aliquots from the same... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: George A. Bray, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 790-790KeywordsAdipocytesAdipose tissueBiopsyCollagenasesFatsOverweightSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Frictional properties of human skin: relation to age, sex and anatomical region, stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss
Authors: ANASTASIA B. CUA, K.-P. WILHELM, H.I. MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Differences in the dynamic skin friction coefficients (mu) were investigated with respect to age, sex, and anatomical region. A total of 29 volunteers consisting of seven young females, seven old females, seven young males, and eight old males participated in the study. Measurements were obtained from II anatomical regions, namely, the forehead, upper arm, volar and dorsal forearm, postauricular, palm, abdomen, upper and lower back, thigh, and ankle. The friction data were compared with stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The dynamic friction coefficient did not vary significantly between age and sex groups but varied considerably among the anatomical regions of the body. The forehead and postauricular had the highest mu (0.34 +/- 0.02) while the abdomen had the lowest (0.12 +/- 0.01); the remaining regions had an average mu value of 0.21 +/- 0.01. Similarly, no sex differences were observed for TEWL and stratum corneum hydration. Capacitance was only significantly lower on the palms of the elderly. Regional differences showed a higher state of hydration on the forehead and postauricular as well as the upper arm, upper and lower back when compared with the volar forearm. TEWL was generally lower in the elderly on all anatomical regions except the postauricular and palm. A significant correlation was established between mu and capacitance for most regions. Between mu and TEWL significant correlation was observed only on the palm and thigh. These findings suggest that frictional properties of skin are dependent on more than water content or non-apparent sweating and the role of sebum secretion is suggested as one possible factor.
Angiopeptin inhibits oncogene induction in rabbit aorta after balloon denudation.
Authors: C Bauters, E Van Belle, N Wernert, C Delcayre, F Thomas, B Dupuis, J M Lablanche, M E Bertrand, B Swynghedauw
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Angiopeptin, a synthetic cyclic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, reduces neointimal hyperplasia after balloon denudation of rabbit aorta if administered before injury. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of angiopeptin pretreatment on the level of expression of the c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes, early markers of smooth muscle cell proliferation, after balloon denudation of rabbit aorta. METHODS AND RESULTS For histological analysis of the effect of angiopeptin on neointimal thickening after aortic balloon denudation, rabbits were randomized into three groups: group 1 (controls), twice-daily injections of saline begun 24 hours before balloon denudation (n = 9); group 2, twice-daily injections of angiopeptin 10 micrograms/kg begun 24 hours before balloon denudation (n = 9); and group 3, twice-daily injections of angiopeptin 10 micrograms/kg begun 1 hour after balloon denudation (n = 7). The degree of neointimal thickening 28 days after balloon denudation was significantly less in group 2 than in group 1 (neointimal area: group 1, 0.59 +/- 0.11 mm2; group 2, 0.22 +/- 0.05 mm2; P &lt; .05. Neointima/media: group 1, 0.85 +/- 0.17; group 2, 0.23 +/- 0.05; P &lt; .05). When angiopeptin was started 1 hour after denudation (group 3), however, the neointimal area (0.52 +/- 0.09 mm2) and the neointima/media ratio (0.76 +/- 0.10) were not statistically different from the control group. For analysis of protooncogene induction, rabbits received twice-daily subcutaneous injections of saline (n = 7), angiopeptin 10 micrograms/kg (n = 8), or angiopeptin 100 micrograms/kg (n = 4) begun 24 hours before balloon denudation. The animals were killed 30 minutes after balloon denudation, and total aortic RNA was hybridized with fos and jun probes. Expression of c-fos and c-jun was detected 30 minutes after injury; angiopeptin pretreatment at 20 micrograms.kg-1.d-1 induced a 41% reduction in c-fos expression and a 42% reduction in c-jun expression compared with control animals. The inhibitory effect at the higher dose of angiopeptin was similar. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the inhibitory effect of angiopeptin on neointimal thickening is related to events that occur very early after injury and suggest that the inhibition of smooth muscle cell activation may be responsible, at least in part, for this effect.
Human exposure and risk from indoor use of chlorpyrifos.
Authors: J E Gibson, R K Peterson, B A Shurdut
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The toxicity, exposure, and risk from chlorpyrifos are briefly discussed in juxtaposition with two recent articles in Environmental Health Perspectives concerning potential exposures to children. In studies conducted according to EPA guidelines, chlorpyrifos has been shown not to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic, nor does it adversely affect reproduction. Chlorpyrifos toxicity does not occur in the absence of significant cholinesterase inhibition. If exposures are less than those that cause significant cholinesterase depression, then no signs or symptoms related to chlorpyrifos exposure occur. The weight of empirical evidence indicates that the risk of adults or children experiencing an adverse health effect from exposure to chlorpyrifos through both nondietary and dietary sources is negligible. Both the research supporting the registration of these products and their long history of widespread use suggest that unless these products are seriously misused, their margins of safety are wide enough to protect everyone with the potential to be exposed. A weight-of-evidence review of the entire scientific knowledge base relating to chlorpyrifos products supports these conclusions.
A Study of the Spatial Vectorcardiogram of the Ventricular Gradient
Authors: G. E. BURCH, J. A. ABILDSKOV, J. A. CRONVICH
Journal: Circulation (1954)

A concept of the ventricular gradient as a quantity which varies with time during the cardiac cycle is presented. Some methods for deriving values of the "mean instantaneous ventricular gradient" and from these the "vector-cardiogram of the gradient" are outlined. Despite obvious shortcomings in these technics, some results of the application of these methods are reported.
Commentary: Will 20th century patient safeguards be reversed in the 21st century?
Authors: G. Gonsalves, D. Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Most physicians and patients assume that medications are proved safe and effective. This hasn’t always been the case. The US Food and Drug Administration was born out of a series of 20th century tragedies: contamination of vaccines at the turn of that century; dangerous substances found in commonly sold medicines in the 1900s; deaths of over 100 children and adults in 1937 from a sulfa drug dissolved in diethylene glycol (antifreeze); extensive birth defects caused by thalidomide in the early 1960s; and infertility and deaths caused by the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device in the 1970s.1 Those tragedies all inspired laws that strengthened the criteria used to allow medical products on the market.

Subsequently, the first effective challenge to the FDA’s growing authority came from an unlikely source: people with HIV/AIDS. In the 1980s, as people with AIDS faced certain death, they criticized the FDA’s drug approval process as too slow and unresponsive to their needs. AIDS activists pressed for expedited drug approval and making experimental therapies widely available, demonstrating at FDA headquarters, and speaking out to FDA officials, the media, and Congress. They were remarkably successful, helping shape FDA reforms, including pathways for accelerated drug approval and expanded access programs for experimental medicines.

AIDS activists quickly learnt, however, that speedier approval …
Impact of CD34+ cell dose on the outcome of patients undergoing reduced-intensity-conditioning allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: José A. Pérez-Simón, María Díez-Campelo, Rodrigo Martino, Anna Sureda, Dolores Caballero, Consuelo Cañizo, Salut Brunet, Albert Altes, Lourdes Vazquez, Jordi Sierra, Jesús F. San Miguel
Journal: Blood (2003)
Clinical Decision Making during Public Health Emergencies: Ethical Considerations
Authors: Bernard Lo, Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Recent public health emergencies involving anthrax, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and shortages of influenza vaccine have dramatized the need for restrictive public health measures such as quarantine, isolation, and rationing. Front-line physicians will face ethical dilemmas during public health emergencies when patients disagree with these measures. Patients might request interventions that are not recommended or for which they are not eligible, or they might object to intrusive or restrictive measures. The physician's primary responsibility in such emergencies is to the public rather than to the individual patient. In public health emergencies, physicians need to address the patient's needs and concerns, recognize their changed roles, and work closely with public health officials. Physicians can still work on behalf of patients by advocating for changes in policies and exceptions when warranted and by mitigating the adverse consequences of public health measures. Before an emergency occurs, physicians should think through how they will respond to foreseeable dilemmas arising when patients disagree with public health recommendations.
How to do it: Run a preparation course for postgraduate examinations
Authors: R. D Neal, N. Maskrey, M. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> This paper provides a practical guide to running preparation courses for postgraduate examinations and is based on the authors9 experiences. It is intended to be useful to organisers of proposed or existing courses as well as to potential users of courses – people in every specialty preparing for a postgraduate examination. The paper covers the practical aspects of staging and financing a course and recruiting tutors and attracting candidates, in addition to covering the structure, educational content, and evaluation of the course.
Augmented Activity on Bone Scan Following Local Chemoperfusion
Authors: STUART J. SORKIN, STEVEN C. HORII, ANTHONY PASSALAQUA, PHILIP BRAUNSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

SORKIN, STUART J. M.D.; HORII, STEVEN C. M.D.; PASSALAQUA, ANTHONY M.D.; BRAUNSTEIN, PHILIP M.D. Author Information
Abstract 2603: Subtype-specific ovarian cancer risk associated with SNPs in <i>IL1A</i>
Authors: Bridget Charbonneau, Kristin L. White, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Rachel T. Palmieri, Ed Iversen, Andrew Berchuck, Robert A. Vierkant, David N. Rider, Mine S. Cicek, Rebecca Sutphen, Michael J. Birrer, Paul P.D. Pharoah, Honglin Song, Jonathan Tyrer, Simon A. Gayther, Susan J. Ramus, Nicolas Wentzensen, Hannah P. Yang, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Catherine M. Phelan, Julie M. Cunningham, Brooke L. Fridley, Thomas A. Sellers, Ellen L. Goode
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract As pathways of the immune system play an important role in multiple malignancies, we assessed the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in inflammation-related genes and risk of ovarian cancer in a multi-site case-control study. Using a custom array, we genotyped 930 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 1,037 controls for SNPs in ALOX12, ALOX15, ALOX5, CCL11, CCL2, CCL3, CCR3, CRP, CXCL16, IL10, IL15RA, IL18, IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL4R, IL6, IL6R, IL7R, IL8RA, IL8RB, IL9, NOS3, PTGS1, PTGS2, TLR2, and TNF. After analysis by logistic regression, SNPs with p&amp;lt;0.10 were evaluated in an independent data set of 3,143 cases and 2,102 controls from the Follow-up of Ovarian Cancer Genetic Association and Interaction Studies (FOCI) collaboration. Combined analysis revealed association with interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A) SNPs (rs17561 and rs4848300, r2=0.990, p=0.005) which varied by histological subtype (heterogeneity p=0.03). For example, IL1A rs17561, which results in a missense change in amino acid at position 114 and correlates with multiple inflammatory phenotypes, was inversely associated with risk of clear cell, mucinous, and endometrioid subtypes, but not with the serous subtype (Table 1). Additional data on IL1A rs17561 in an even larger collection of ovarian cancer cases and controls are pending and will be analyzed soon. We also found that genotype at rs1864414 in ALOX5 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) was associated with decreased risk combined across subtypes (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95; p=0.002). Thus, inherited variation in IL1A and ALOX5 appears to have a role in ovarian cancer risk, though it is limited to rarer subtypes for IL1A. These data add to existing literature on the importance of inflammation in tumorigenesis and growing evidence of subtype-specific traits in ovarian cancer and may provide important clues on prevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2603. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2603
Effect of mild diabetes and dietary fructose on very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride turnover in rats
Authors: Gen Yoshino, Masayuki Matsushita, Masahide Iwai, Munetaka Morita, Kohji Matsuba, Kohichi Nagata, Eiichi Maeda, Seiichi Furukawa, Tsutomu Hirano, Tsutomu Kazumi
Journal: Metabolism (1992)