tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fractures in Adults and Children
Authors: Joshua D. Miller
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Relationship of Increased Left Atrial Volume and Pressure to Abnormal P Waves on the Electrocardiogram
Authors: IRWIN KASSER, J. WARD KENNEDY
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Left atrial volume and pressure measurements in 23 normal subjects and 117 cardiac patients were compared with several electrocardiographic criteria for left atrial disease. Both P duration in lead II and V 1 terminal force (the area inscribed by the terminal portion of the P in lead V 1 ) showed a highly significant correlation with changes in left atrial volume but related less well to increases in left atrial pressure. Diagnostically, both criteria accurately predicted normal or increased left atrial size in two thirds of all patients. The V 1 terminal force was more accurate in predicting left atrial pressure abnormalities in all subjects and particularly reliable in detecting increased pressure and volume in mitral stenosis. The P/PR segment ratio was less helpful in the detection of left atrial disease.
General ophthalmic services -- a practical alternative
Authors: I. W Payne
Journal: BMJ (1978)

level prevailing in Canada, together with a large capital sum to compensate for the years of underspending in building and equipment.Obviously this is economically not feasible.Though I would welcome in theory a fee- for-service method of remuneration, the problems of its implementation within the NHS are such that each unit of service would be so priced by our political masters that the global remuneration of general practitioners would not increase and the level of bureau- cratic interference and paper work would become extremely onerous.Incidentally, when explaining to Canadian colleagues the method of remuneration of NHS general practitioners they thought that a system combining part capitation, part expense reimbursement, and part fee-for-service was absolutely crazy.But they were extremely envious of our inflationproof pension scheme.
Spontaneous expression of the interleukin 2 receptor gene and presence of functional interleukin 2 receptors on T lymphocytes in the blood of individuals with active pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Authors: K Konishi, D R Moller, C Saltini, M Kirby, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Current concepts of the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis suggest that the expanded numbers of activated T-helper/inducer cells at sites of disease activity result, at least in part, from their proliferation in the local milieu. Normal clonal proliferation of T cells involves activation and expression of the IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) gene. Thus, knowing that IL 2R mRNA transcripts are relatively long lived, we hypothesized that sarcoid blood T cells may contain IL 2R mRNA transcripts and express functional surface IL 2R, although the cells are probably activated elsewhere. Northern analysis using a 32P-labeled cDNA probe for the IL 2R p55 protein demonstrated that blood T cells of patients with active sarcoidosis, but not of normal patients, express 3.5- and 1.5-kb IL 2R mRNA transcripts, the same as those observed in normal T cells activated in vitro. Consistent with this, using flow cytometry and an MAb directed against the IL 2R p55 protein (2A3), we observed detectable levels of IL 2R surface protein on increased numbers of blood T cells of active sarcoidosis patients (4.7 +/- 0.9%) compared with blood T cells of normal patients (0.9 +/- 0.2%). Importantly, when the sarcoid blood T cells were exposed to IL 2 in vitro, they proliferated at a rate greater than that of normal blood T cells under the same conditions, suggesting that the IL 2R spontaneously expressed by sarcoid blood T cells were functionally active. In the context of the known compartmentalization of spontaneous IL 2 production and T cell proliferation at sites of disease in active pulmonary sarcoidosis, these IL 2R positive blood T cells would probably have a proliferative advantage if they trafficked to sites of active sarcoidosis, such as the lower respiratory tract.
Pulmonary deposition of nebulised pentamidine isethionate: effect of nebuliser type, dose, and volume of fill.
Authors: M O'Doherty, S Thomas, C Page, C Bradbeer, T Nunan, N Bateman
Journal: Thorax (1990)

An estimate of the absolute pulmonary deposition of nebulised pentamidine isethionate was obtained in nine patients with AIDS. Two nebuliser systems were compared, System 22 Mizer (Medic-Aid) and Respirgard II (Marquest), with 50 and 150 mg doses of pentamidine in a 3 ml solution driven by an air flow of 6 l/min with the patient in the sitting position. The 50 mg pentamidine dose was repeated with a 6 ml fill with both devices. The nebuliser cloud was labelled with technetium-99m human serum albumin (Ventocol) and lung deposition was measured with a gamma camera. Of the two nebulisers studied, System 22 Mizer delivered more drug to the lungs as a whole and to each individual lung region, including the peripheral and upper zones. For the 50 mg dose the mean (SEM) total pulmonary deposition with the 3 and the 6 ml fill respectively was 2.63 (0.34) and 3.71 (0.41) mg for the System 22 Mizer and 1.37 (0.26) and 1.45 (0.18) mg for the Respirgard II. For the 150 mg dose the System 22 Mizer delivered 7.16 (1.02) mg and the Respirgard II 4.34 (0.57) mg. Increasing the volume of fill from 3 to 6 ml increased pulmonary deposition with System 22 Mizer, and this was related to an increase in nebuliser output. Neither pulmonary deposition nor nebuliser output was increased by using a 6 ml solution in the Respirgard II. Increasing the volume of fill prolonged the time required for nebulisation with both nebulisers. The System 22 Mizer produced more nonpulmonary (gastric and oropharyngeal) deposition of drug, more frequent local adverse effects (cough, burning in the throat, and a metallic taste), and small reductions in lung function, particularly with the 150 mg pentamidine dose. Thus nebuliser type, volume of fill, and nebuliser dose affect the pulmonary deposition of pentamidine. A 300 mg dose of pentamidine via a Respirgard II is generally recommended as providing effective prophylaxis; our results suggest that similar pulmonary deposition can be produced with System 22 Mizer and 150 mg pentamidine. A clinical trial would be needed to show whether this regimen provides similar prophylactic benefit.
Do Interactions Between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes?
Authors: Suzanne M. Snedeker, Anthony G. Hay
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Gut microbiota are important factors in obesity and diabetes, yet little is known about their role in the toxicodynamics of environmental chemicals, including those recently found to be obesogenic and diabetogenic.We integrated evidence that independently links gut ecology and environmental chemicals to obesity and diabetes, providing a framework for suggesting how these environmental factors may interact with these diseases, and identified future research needs.We examined studies with germ-free or antibiotic-treated laboratory animals, and human studies that evaluated how dietary influences and microbial changes affected obesity and diabetes. Strengths and weaknesses of studies evaluating how environmental chemical exposures may affect obesity and diabetes were summarized, and research gaps on how gut ecology may affect the disposition of environmental chemicals were identified.Mounting evidence indicates that gut microbiota composition affects obesity and diabetes, as does exposure to environmental chemicals. The toxicology and pharmacology literature also suggests that interindividual variations in gut microbiota may affect chemical metabolism via direct activation of chemicals, depletion of metabolites needed for biotransformation, alteration of host biotransformation enzyme activities, changes in enterohepatic circulation, altered bioavailability of environmental chemicals and/or antioxidants from food, and alterations in gut motility and barrier function.Variations in gut microbiota are likely to affect human toxicodynamics and increase individual exposure to obesogenic and diabetogenic chemicals. Combating the global obesity and diabetes epidemics requires a multifaceted approach that should include greater emphasis on understanding and controlling the impact of interindividual gut microbe variability on the disposition of environmental chemicals in humans.
Recurrent vaginal candidiasis. Importance of an intestinal reservoir
Authors: M. R. Miles
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To test the hypothesis that all cases of vaginal candidiasis are associated with a "reservoir" of this organism in the bowel, paired specimens of feces and vaginal material were cultured for<i>Candida albicans</i>simultaneously. Ninety-eight young women who complained of recurrent vaginitis were selected in sequence. The results showed that if<i>C albicans</i>was cultured from the vagina, it was always found in the stool. Conversely, if it was not isolated from the stool, it was never found in the vagina. These data are presented as an explanation for the recurrent nature of<i>Candida</i>vaginitis, and thus a cure of vaginitis would not be possible without prior eradication of<i>C albicans</i>from the gut. The gut-reservoir concept may well apply to other forms of candidiasis. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1836-1837, 1977)
Points from Letters: Pain after Birth
Authors: A. H. Winchester
Journal: BMJ (1974)

1) That this commnittee agrees to ap- point an appropriate number of members to serve on its two District Medical Committees."(2) That if the General Medical Services Committee so advises, these members will not participate in-the work of the District Medical Committees until the ques- tion of remuneration or reimbursement for loss of earnings is agreed with the Depart- ment of Health and Social Security."-Weare, etc.,
April Fourteen, Eighteen Sixty-Five
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf
Journal: JAMA (1961)

It was Marquis James who told me how well one can establish personal connections with our American past. If one dusts the old records, he said, and tramps over the old sites, one can find living and tangible associations, old people who remember, new and intimate revelations, as well as the trees and stones and backdrops of our history. It all becomes alive again. I understand Marquis better now that I have had a little look of that kind to learn something about a Civil War doctor. It began with Jim Bishop's book, where I read that the surgeon in Ford's Theatre who answered the call to care for Abraham Lincoln was a youngster of 23. The ink must still have been damp on his diploma, I thought. What a terrifying responsibility for so young a doctor and how magnificently he met it! For he had not only been quick
Perhaps the Avastin debate should be resolved in court
Authors: G. Fell
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Dickson’s response regarding the General Medical Council’s position and Evans’s view that the case law cited relates to marketing only illustrate the irresolvable differences in the interpretations of what the law actually says about prescribing an unlicensed drug.1 2 3

Given that this is one of the main points of the …
When I use a word...: Sausages
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

I recently learnt about a rare type of neuropathy called hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (abbreviated to HNPP) or hereditary pressure sensitive neuropathy (HPSN), also known as tomaculous neuropathy. In many cases it is associated with a deletion in chromosome 17p11.2. However, the term is not exclusive, and tomaculous changes have been described in other neuropathies, such as type 1B Charcot—Marie—Tooth syndrome and hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy.

Tomaculous refers to the sausage shaped …
Rubella-Virus Hemagglutination-Inhibition Test
Authors: George L. Stewart, Paul D. Parkman, Hope E. Hopps, Robert D. Douglas, Judith P. Hamilton, Harry M. Meyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE isolation of rubella virus1 , 2 in 1961 opened a period of remarkable progress in studies of the virus,3 the disease4 and, recently, experimental vaccines for preventing the disease.5 , 6 Comparable progress has not been made in the development of simple, rapid serodiagnostic methods. Although virus neutralization,7 , 8 fluorescent antibody9 and complement fixation10 are being employed only the complex and time-consuming neutralization test has been capable of furnishing the epidemiologist with fully reliable information regarding rubella immunity.The purpose of this paper is to report specific rubella-virus hemagglutination and the development of a hemagglutination-inhibition test for antibody assay.Materials and MethodsVirus Strains . . .
New Uses for Intravenous Immune Globulin
Authors: E. Richard Stiehm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The Physicians' Desk Reference and the package inserts state that intravenous immune globulin is indicated for patients who have primary antibody immunodeficiency or immune thrombocytopenic purpura, both fairly rare disorders. Why, then, will the pharmaceutical service at my medical center spend $1 million on intravenous immune globulin next year, placing it among the top four drug expenditures? The answer lies in the wide use of intravenous immune globulin in patients with many other conditions (notably, secondary antibody deficiencies, certain infections, and immunoregulatory disorders such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases), coupled with its very high cost. Articles in this issue of . . .
Role of Risk Factors in the Modulation of Tissue Factor Activity and Blood Thrombogenicity
Authors: Antonia Sambola, Julio Osende, James Hathcock, Michael Degen, Yale Nemerson, Valentin Fuster, Jill Crandall, Juan Jose Badimon
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Several studies suggest a role for an increased circulating pool of tissue factor (TF) in atherothrombotic diseases. Furthermore, certain cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes, hyperlipemia, and smoking, are associated with a higher incidence of thrombotic complications. We hypothesized that the observed increased blood thrombogenicity (BT) observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be mediated via an increased circulating tissue factor activity. We have extended our study to smokers and hyperlipidemic subjects. Methods and Results— Poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=36), smokers (n=10), and untreated hyperlipidemic subjects (n=10) were studied. Circulating TF was immunocaptured from plasma, relipidated, and quantified by factor Xa (FXa) generation in the presence of factor VIIa. BT was assessed as thrombus formation on the Badimon perfusion chamber. Patients with improvement in glycemic control showed a reduction in circulating TF (362±135 versus 243±74 pmol/L per min FXa, P =0.0001). A similar effect was observed in BT (15 445±1130 versus 12 072±596 μm/mm 2 , P =0.01). Two hours after smoking 2 cigarettes, TF was increased (217±72 versus 283±106 pmol/L per min FXa, P =0.003). Hyperlipidemic subjects showed higher TF (237±63 versus 195±44 pmol/L per min FXa, P =0.035) than healthy volunteers. Conclusions— These findings suggest that high levels of circulating TF may be the mechanism of action responsible for the increased thrombotic complications associated with the presence of these cardiovascular risk factors. These observations strongly emphasize the usefulness of the management of the patients based on their global risk assessment.
Exogenous spermine induces maturation of the liver in suckling rats
Authors: I Wéry, M Kaouass, P Deloyer, J Buts, H Barbason, G Dandrifosse
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

In the present study, we investigated the effects of spermine on postnatal liver maturation in suckling rats. The animals were given spermine either per os (8 μmol) or by intraperitoneal injection (1 μmol), once daily for three or five days. The percentage of liver cells in different cell cycle phases and of diploid cells in the parenchyma was estimated. The protein content, ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) activity, and content of DNA polyamines and receptors for polymeric immunoglobulins (RPI) were also measured in liver extracts. The ingestion of spermine had the following effects: the percentage of the cells in S and G2M phases of the cell cycle diminished the percentage of diploid cells increased the content of polymeric immunoglobulin receptors increased; the OAT activity increased; the contents of putrescine and spermidine decreased and almost reached adult values; and the spermidine/spermine ratio became similar to that observed in the liver of adult rats. These phenomena were detected 40 hours after the beginning of oral spermine treatment. The intraperitoneal injection of spermine had no effect on the OAT activity, but it decreased the spermidine content and enhanced the spermine content. Our data demonstrated for the first time that dietary polyamines play a role in the initiation of liver postnatal maturation in suckling rats.
On the Effects of Dental Disease
Authors: C. Gaine
Journal: BMJ (1886)

B RIT ' J 1S 2 4 5& research.Disease was clniteally',aj4iqtrn the normal play of the functions, cau4sing pain, weakne,s, awtaise, and biliousness, as was demonstrated by the phenomlena 6f-speRal diseases, but serious diseases often lay latenutbefore .devlopingclinicl symaptoms.Organic changes were marked in some.disoaes, apparently absent in others; but, after all, such changes would probably be detected in the latter class by 4Ther-investigationl. Disease was an abstTact term, and it mgh' impIy disorder, suferiiig and loss of function easily accouotdd for by injury to or changes in organs and tissues, yet the term mnust'also be applied to similar unfavourable mibjective conditionsnotto .bQtraced to visible ihjuries and changes; and lastly, muabid-changsinstruturaes mAy be inappe4deut of any .ypptorps.'The complexityr of the eauses of disease, and the diffieulty of traci them, 'was next considered.'The be#inr-n&. of an infielligent uiid#of pafthological anatomy was' traced to Mot*gni's -De Sedib'as et 6itzusiSAThrborzem pFrAnatom~h i7adkegidis, worka -based upon a sogsries.of.ntcropsi8 .-madeby himseW and hjs master Valealva..M2orbid'tilotes of 4he.bJjod )wre then disquss8d.Be4ides apgapiia, spainnmi~,' 1eqot
Coccidioidomycosis of the Thyroid
Authors: JOHN M. LOEB
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

In two patients with thyroiditis caused by Coccidioides immitis, presenting thyroid symptoms and findings were characteristic of subacute thyroiditis. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid proved useful in establishing the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. This is the first report of coccidioidomycosis presenting as thyroiditis.
Increased sensitivity to dextran sodium sulfate colitis in IRE1β-deficient mice
Authors: Anne Bertolotti, XiaoZhong Wang, Isabel Novoa, Rivka Jungreis, Karni Schlessinger, Judy H. Cho, A. Brian West, David Ron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract are exposed to toxins and infectious agents that can adversely affect protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cause ER stress. The IRE1 genes are implicated in sensing and responding to ER stress signals. We found that epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract express IRE1β, a specific isoform of IRE1. BiP protein, a marker of ER stress, was elevated in the colonic mucosa of IRE1β–/– mice, and, when exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce inflammatory bowel disease, mutant mice developed colitis 3–5 days earlier than did wild-type or IRE1β+/– mice. The inflammation marker ICAM-1 was also expressed earlier in the colonic mucosa of DSS-treated IRE1β–/– mice, indicating that the mutation had its impact early in the inflammatory process, before the onset of mucosal ulceration. These findings are consistent with a model whereby perturbations in ER function, which are normally mitigated by the activity of IRE1β, participate in the development of colitis.
Cost implications for treatment of cardiac ischemia: An ancillary Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study
Authors: Carl J. Pepine, Daniel Mark, Martial Bourassa, Bernard Chaltman, Genell Knalterud, Sandra Forman, Craig Pratt, George Sopko, Richard Conti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
A Textbook of Surgical Pathology
Authors: Daniel Leigh Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This 11th edition of a textbook on the pathology of surgery follows 43 years after the appearance of the first edition. The authors do not follow the common American definition of surgical pathology, but examine and stress such aspects of surgical disease as physiology, biochemistry, and immunology. They pay less attention to morphology and morphological interpretation—aspects that tend to make up the bulk of similarly titled books on this side of the Atlantic. When we appreciate what this once classic work is trying to do, it is sad to find that information and depth of understanding of surgical disease has outrun the compass of the volume. I and several of my colleagues, surgeons, residents, and senior medical students have been forced to the conclusion that in a laudable attempt at brevity, superficiality has evolved. Material that might have led to a consistent depth of understanding is all too frequently omitted.