tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How to take a teaching ward round
Authors: J. Hayden
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Convulsions stopped (they had lasted for no more than 10 minutes), and subsequent blood glucose measurements were satisfactory.Shewas nauseated and complained of headache but had no neck stiffness, photophobia, or focal neurological signs.In a blood sample taken at 740 am the same morning the white cell count was 26 2 x 10/1, 91% neutrophils.A medical senior registrar ordered blood cultures and a viral antibody screen to be performed.At 11 00 am her white cell count was 21 4x 109/1.Further investigations ordered in- cluded culture of nose, throat, rectal, and high vaginal swabs and a catheter specimen of urine.The following morning her white cell count was 12-8 x 109/l.At no stage did she have fever or any symptoms not attributable to hypoglycaemia.All bacteriological and viral investigations yielded negative results.The patient remained well and at 38 weeks delivered a normal, healthy infant.Given the combination of circumstances (late pregnancy, hypoglycaemia with concomitant adrenaline release, and a grand mal convulsion), the pronounced leucocytosis and its time course might reasonably have been predicted and the investigations, which were by no means trivial, either to the patient or to the laboratories, avoided.
Persisting Effects of Reserpine in Man
Authors: Daniel X. Freedman, Arnold J. Benton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ALTHOUGH reserpine is widely used in psychiatric and medical practice, the rates of recovery from the effects of the drug on blood serotonin and on autonomie functions have not been extensively delineated in man. This report describes the recovery curves of blood serotonin and pupil size in man after single large doses of reserpine. In animals, effects on blood and brain serotonin and on autonomie functions (bradycardia, ptosis and miosis) persist for a number of days after withdrawal of the drug.1 2 3 4 5 6 Such studies have to some extent elucidated the basis for persisting effects of the drug.Reserpine induces a release . . .
A health centre E.C.G. services: its use and abuse.
Authors: T Fyfe, N M Maclean
Journal: BMJ (1975)

An average of 10-5 E.C.G.s were recorded weekly in a health centre used by 32 general practitioners serving a population of almost 65,000. The main indication for an E.C.G. was chest pain (73%). 47% of the E.C.G.s were abnormal. A change in clinical diagnosis occurred in 28% of cases and in patient management in 16%. A significant number of these changes were unwarranted, however. It is recommended that the E.C.G.s should be recorded by suitably trained nurses and reported by a specially trained general practitioner. Further education of general practitioners in the clinical use of the E.C.G. is required.
Book Review Reproductive Endocrinology: Physiology, pathophysiology and clinical management Third edition. Edited by Samuel S.C. Yen and Robert B. Jaffe. 1016 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1991. $135. ISBN 0–7216–3206–8 .
Authors: Keith B. Isaacson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Time Course of Transgene Expression After Intrastriatal Pseudotyped rAAV2/1, rAAV2/2, rAAV2/5, and rAAV2/8 Transduction in the Rat
Authors: Sharon Reimsnider, Fredric P Manfredsson, Nicholas Muzyczka, Ronald J Mandel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

In vivo recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV)-mediated transduction of various tissues including brain has been characterized by slow onset and gradual increase in gene expression before reaching stable long-term protein levels. The early time course of transgene expression has not been quantified using newly available rAAV capsid serotypes. In this experiment, the onset of expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) after intrastriatal injection of rAAV2-based pseudotyped vectors (rAAV1, rAAV5, and rAAV8 capsids) was quantified. Native GFP fluorescence displayed a delayed onset of expression of at least 7 days for all the pseudotyped rAAV vectors. However, GFP immunohistochemical staining revealed significant transgene expression by 4 days after transduction for all serotypes and stable GFP+ neuronal populations mediated by all serotypes within 14 days post transduction at the latest. rAAV2/1 and rAAV2/2 displayed no time-dependent increase of GFP+ striatal neurons; reaching maximal striatal cell GFP+ counts at 4 days after injection. All serotypes displayed peak transgene expression by 4 weeks post injection where native GFP+ neurons were equal to immunostained striatal GFP+ neurons. The inflammatory response to these rAAV vectors was present up to 4 weeks after transduction but was not apparent 9 months post injection. Thus, rAAV-mediated transgene expression begins earlier than previously thought. In vivo recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV)-mediated transduction of various tissues including brain has been characterized by slow onset and gradual increase in gene expression before reaching stable long-term protein levels. The early time course of transgene expression has not been quantified using newly available rAAV capsid serotypes. In this experiment, the onset of expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) after intrastriatal injection of rAAV2-based pseudotyped vectors (rAAV1, rAAV5, and rAAV8 capsids) was quantified. Native GFP fluorescence displayed a delayed onset of expression of at least 7 days for all the pseudotyped rAAV vectors. However, GFP immunohistochemical staining revealed significant transgene expression by 4 days after transduction for all serotypes and stable GFP+ neuronal populations mediated by all serotypes within 14 days post transduction at the latest. rAAV2/1 and rAAV2/2 displayed no time-dependent increase of GFP+ striatal neurons; reaching maximal striatal cell GFP+ counts at 4 days after injection. All serotypes displayed peak transgene expression by 4 weeks post injection where native GFP+ neurons were equal to immunostained striatal GFP+ neurons. The inflammatory response to these rAAV vectors was present up to 4 weeks after transduction but was not apparent 9 months post injection. Thus, rAAV-mediated transgene expression begins earlier than previously thought.
Abstract LB-355: miR-29a suppresses tristetraprolin, which is a regulator of epithelial polarity and metastasis
Authors: Christoph Gebeshuber
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been described as crucial regulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. By comparing the expression profiles of miRNAs, we found up regulation of miR-29a in mesenchymal, metastatic RasXT cells relative to epithelial EpRas cells. Overexpression of miR-29a suppressed the expression of tristetraprolin (TTP), a protein involved in the degradation of messenger RNAs with AU-rich 3′-untranslated regions, and led to EMT and metastasis in cooperation with oncogenic Ras signalling. We also observed enhanced miR-29a and reduced TTP levels in breast cancer patient samples, indicating relevance for human disease. Previously, miR-29 family members were shown to have tumor-suppressive effects in haematopoietic, cholangiocytic and lung tumors. Therefore, miRNAs can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors, depending on the context. In addition to miR-29a we found several other miRNAs in our miRNA profiling analyses of cell lines and murine tumors and could confirm them and regulated targets in human breast cancer patient samples. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-355.
Mechanism by Which Serotonin, Norepinephrine and Reserpine Cause Central Vasomotor Inhibition
Authors: Y. KANEKO, J. W. McCUBBIN, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Several vasoconstrictor drugs and reserpine administered into a cerebral lateral ventricle inhibited the reflex pressor response to occlusion of the common carotid arteries in both anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs. This effect was opposed by central administration of the vasodilator drugs, nitroprusside and histamine. Serotonin, norepinephrine and their precursors, 5-hydroxytryptophan and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and reserpine caused lowering of arterial pressure and slowing of heart rate as well as inhibition of the carotid occlusion response; angiotensin and vasopressin did not. The central inhibitory effect of norepinephrine was opposed by phentolamine; that of 5-hydroxytryptophan was not affected by lysergic acid diethylamide or its brom derivative. Cooling of cerebrospinal fluid, which presumably caused local vasoconstriction, also caused inhibition of the carotid occlusion response, hypotension and bradycardia, and these effects were counteracted by central injection of vasodilator drugs. Warming of cerebrospinal fluid, presumably associated with local vasodilation, opposed the central inhibitory effect of vasoconstrictor drugs and of reserpine. In view of the consistently opposite effects of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator drugs and procedures on central vasomotor sympathetic activity, it is tentatively concluded that these effects depend on change in local blood flow. The acute cardiovascular effects of reserpine of central origin are probably due to local decrease of tissue perfusion caused by serotonin, norepinephrine or other vasoconstrictor agent released from a bound to an active form.
Development of a Sleeve Sensor for Measurement of Sphincter of Oddi Motility
Authors: A. G. Craig, T. Omari, T. Lingenfelser, A. C. Schloithe, G. T. Saccone, J. Dent, J. Toouli
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Unavoidable catheter movement during sphincter of Oddi (SO) manometry can produce considerable variations in the basal pressure, due to movement of the recording sidehole. The sleeve sensor is a perfused channel which records the highest pressure point along its length. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a prototype sleeve sensor for SO manometry.
Overexpression of glucose transporters in rat mesangial cells cultured in a normal glucose milieu mimics the diabetic phenotype.
Authors: C W Heilig, L A Concepcion, B L Riser, S O Freytag, M Zhu, P Cortes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

An environment of high glucose concentration stimulates the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) in mesangial cell (MC) cultures. This may result from a similar increase in intracellular glucose concentration. We theorized that increased uptake, rather than glucose concentration per se is the major determinant of exaggerated ECM formation. To test this, we compared the effects of 35 mM glucose on ECM synthesis in normal MCs with those of 8 mM glucose in the same cells overexpressing the glucose transporter GLUT1 (MCGT1). Increasing medium glucose from 8 to 35 mM caused normal MCs to increase total collagen synthesis and catabolism, with a net 81-90% increase in accumulation. MCs transduced with the human GLUT1 gene (MCGT1) grown in 8 mM glucose had a 10-fold greater GLUT1 protein expression and a 1.9, 2.1, and 2.5-fold increase in cell myo-inositol, lactate production, and cell sorbitol content, respectively, as compared to control MCs transduced with bacterial beta-galactosidase (MCLacZ). MCGT1 also demonstrated increased glucose uptake (5-fold) and increased net utilization (43-fold), and greater synthesis of individual ECM components than MCLacZ. In addition, total collagen synthesis and catabolism were also enhanced with a net collagen accumulation 111-118% greater than controls. Thus, glucose transport activity is an important modulator of ECM formation by MCs; the presence of high extracellular glucose concentrations is not necessarily required for the stimulation of matrix synthesis.
Abstract 701: Characterization of two novel quinoline derivatives that induce apoptosis in a cancer-specific manner.
Authors: Indeewari K. Lindamulage, Hai-Yen Vu, Yi-Fang Lee, Hoyun Lee, Piyush Trivedi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Many quinoline-based compounds possess pharmacological properties that are beneficial for the control of various human diseases, including microbial infections, inflammatory-related disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and cancer. The anticancer activities of quinoline compounds are often rendered by their property of inhibiting protein kinases, proteasome activity, tubulin polymerization/depolymerization and DNA repair. To further improve the efficacy and specificity, we created and characterized several quinoline derivatives, which led us to identify CTRI-17 and CTRI-20 as promising leads. We examined their anti-proliferative properties using three human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and two matching non-cancer breast cell lines (184B5 and MCF10A). In addition, we also examined their efficacy using one leukemic cell line (K-562) and one cervical cell line (HeLa). Data from this study showed that the IC50 values of CTRI-17 and CTRI-20 were 0.1-0.3 μM and 1.2-2.4 μM ranges on cancer and non-cancer cell lines, respectively. Thus, both CTRI-17 and CTRI-20 killed cancer cells 10-20 times more effectively than non-cancer cells. This differential cell killing effects on cancer and non-cancer cells is a highly desirable property for potential anticancer therapeutics. We further found that cancer cells treated with the two compounds resulted in increases of pro-apoptotic proteins such as p53 and Bax, and decreases of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and survivin. Our data obtained from flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed that CTRI-17 and CTRI-20 induced prolonged cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase prior to causing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the two compounds neither induced substantial cell cycle arrest nor caused high levels of apoptosis in non-cancer cells at the same drug concentration. We are currently in the process of determining the detailed functional mechanisms of CTRI-17 and CTRI-20. Citation Format: Indeewari K. Lindamulage, Hai-Yen Vu, Yi-Fang Lee, Hoyun Lee, Piyush Trivedi. Characterization of two novel quinoline derivatives that induce apoptosis in a cancer-specific manner. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 701. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-701
Lipoprotein(a) in cirrhosis.
Authors: J. Feely, M. Barry, P. W. Keeling, D. G. Weir, T. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1992)

for five days on four different occasions.During each of these four dosing periods the subjects received concurrent treatment with placebo, ranitidine 150 mg twice a day, ranitidine 600 mg twice a day, or ranitidine 300 mg four times a day, each given simultaneously with aspirin.All subjects received each prophylactic regimen.During each treatment period the subjects were allowed to eat only at 9 am, 2 pm, 8 pm, and midnight.Half the subjects always took drugs at the same time as food.The other half always took their drugs two hours before food (at 7 am, midday, 6 pm, and 10 pm).The order in which subjects received the different treatment regimens was randomised by Latin square design.There was a washout period of nine days between each treatment regimen.Subjects were studied in the morning, approximately eight hours after the last doses had been taken.Spontaneous microbleeding was measured as previously described,4 followed by unsedated endoscopy with a paediatric endoscope, when erosions in the body, antrum, and duodenum were counted.Statistical analysis was by two way analysis of variance, with treatment and timing of dose in relation to food as the determining variables.Aspirin increased the number of gastric erosions from none at baseline to a median of 10-6 (drugs given with food) or 12 8 (drugs given before food) (figure).Ranitidine reduced the total number of gastric erosions in a dose dependent fashion when the drugs were taken two hours before food (p=0006), but had no effect when taken with food.Overall, taking drugs before food was associated with a significant reduction in mucosal injury (p=0003) in comparison to taking them with food.
Not a Case of Death from Nitrous Oxid.
Authors: John D. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1900)

New York City, Aug. 18, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —This was not a case of death under nitrous oxid. A personal friend of mine had taken the gas on three previous occasions, and there was no apparent indication that he should not take it again. The gas was given and the right upper second and third molars were extracted. His recovery was complete in the usual time, and he rinsed his mouth with a tumbler of water while sitting in the chair. I had gone to my desk in another part of the room, and he arose from the chair and walked to the washstand, ten feet away. He filled the glass and returned to the cuspidor beside the chair and continued rinsing the mouth while standing. He conversed with me in the meantime. This, he repeated until he had used three glasses of water, occupying at least twenty-five minutes,
Physicians Who Have Lost Their Malpractice Insurance
Authors: J. Howland
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> My comments are directed to the article in the September 8, 1989 issue of<i>JAMA</i>by Dr Schwartz and Mr Mendelson<sup>1</sup>. I am one of those who lost their coverage and applied to a "surplus-lines" company; I refused to pay the high premium and eventually obtained standard coverage after going "bare" for about 3 1/2 years. On the advice of an attorney, I divested myself of assets during that time. I take umbrage at the implication that physicians who lose coverage have some deficiency—negligence, disciplinary actions, loss of hospital privileges, etc. My orthopedic colleagues agree with me that we average about one lawsuit a year in a standard practice. Therefore, simple tenure appears to be the most common probable reason for having insurance dropped. When my number of claims reached 13 after 17 years of practice, my coverage was dropped. I think a lot of the
Trial will test whether shopping vouchers encourage breast feeding
Authors: S. Hives-Wood
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Mothers are being offered up to £200 (€240; $320) in shopping vouchers for breast feeding their babies as part of a new study by the University of Sheffield.

The NOSH (Nourishing Start for Health) scheme is offering a combination of high street shop and supermarket vouchers in an effort to boost breast feeding in areas with a low prevalence.

“Offering financial incentives for mothers to breast feed might increase the number of babies being breast fed and complement ongoing support for breast feeding provided by the NHS, local authorities, and charities,” said the trial’s principal investigator, Clare Relton, a senior research fellow at Sheffield University. She …
Prognosis in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: J K Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1989)

the whole county at the 1971 and 1981 censuses and if we use the proportions of registrations that occur in these age groups we obtain the following: at age 0-14 years there were nine observed cases compared with 7 3 expected (not significant); at age 15-24 years there were 10 observed cases compared with 3 1 expected (p = 0 0014).rhus the significant excess occurs in young adults, not children.It would be interesting to know the exact diagnoses.Thirdly, of the 19 cases, 13 occurred in patients born before 1964, the year that Hinkley Point started operations.This is important in view of speculation that a route involving exposure of the unborn child to radiation is responsible for the excesses of leukaemia observed at, for example, Seascale.
Prenatal Glucocorticoid and T<sub>4</sub> Effects on Lung Morphology in Preterm Lambs
Authors: KENT E. PINKERTON, KAREN E. WILLET, JANICE L. PEAKE, PETER D. SLY, ALAN H. JOBE, MACHIKO IKEGAMI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Prenatal glucocorticoid plus T4 treatment of fetal sheep results in improvements in oxygenation, gas exchange, lung mechanics, and lung volumes after preterm delivery. We have evaluated the morphometric changes in the lungs of lambs exposed to betamethasone and T4 48 h before preterm delivery at 121 and 135 d gestation and related those changes to the physiologic improvements in lung function. The lungs used for the morphometric studies were from lambs with postnatal physiologic responses similar to those of the entire group of lambs reported previously (16). At both 121 and 135 d gestation, lung gas volumes and fixed tissue volumes increased, the percent of collapsed (nonaerated) parenchyma decreased, and the percent of perilobular connective tissue decreased with both gestational age and prenatal hormone exposure. Alveolar size, as estimated by mean linear intercept length, did not change with gestation or hormone exposure, but there was a decrease in alveolar wall thickness with advancing gestation and at each gestation with hormone exposure. The major anatomic effect of prenatal hormone exposure was a decrease in alveolar wall thickness and an increase in aerated parenchyma, effects that were consistent with the physiologic improvements in postnatal lung function.
Natural Heterogeneity of Thyroid Cells: The Basis for Understanding Thyroid Function and Nodular Goiter Growth*
Authors: HUGO STUDER, HANS JAKOB PETER, HANS GERBER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1989)

IN THE recent past, some of the mechanisms have been unraveled which produce the characteristic heterogeneity of shape and function among the newly generated follicles arising in the process of transformation of a normal thyroid into a multinodular goiter (1–5) (Fig. 1). The two basic findings which paved the way toward an understanding of the processes that create diversity in the offspring of a growing cell population of a normal organ are: 1. The follicular cells of a normal thyroid are not identical among themselves, but rather they have a highly individual metabolic outfit which is transferred from the mother cell to its progeny. 2. Daughter follicles produced from mother follicles during goitrogenesis arise from a few predestined follicular cells endowed with an inherited propensity to replicate at higher than average rates. From these two premises a simple syllogism leads to the conclusion that whenever a thyroid gland is forced to grow, i.e. to generate new follicles, the daughter follicles may differ from their ancestors in as many different ways as the cells that build up the hull of the mother follicle differ among themselves.