tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P4-02-07: Influence of the Progesterone Receptor on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer in Interaction with Other Prognostic Factors.
Authors: JC Salmen, PA Fasching, P Hepp, J Jueckstock, L Haeberle, S Mohrmann, MW Beckmann, A Hartmann, DL Wachter, K Friese, W Janni, B Rack
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: The expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or the progesterone receptor (PR) is a predictive factor for the response to endocrine treatment and to chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. Knowledge about the prognostic relevance of the PR is rare and partly controversial. Aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the prognostic relevance of PR. Methods: Between 1995 and 2008, data from 5,144 patients with heterogeneously treated primary breast cancers have been collected in 3 German university hospitals. The laboratories used immunhistochemical assays for the investigation of the ER and PR. The PR-expression was correlated with patient and tumor characteristics. For each outcome parameter overall survival (OS), distant disease free survival (DDFS) and local recurrence free survival (LRFS) cox proportional hazad models were built. Furthermore the effect of the PR status was analyzed according to tumor subgroups. Results: PR status was associated with a more favourable OS, DDFS and LRFS in the univariate analysis. PR remained an independent prognostic factor for OS and DDFS but not for LRFS in the cox proportional hazard model. For OS and DDFS the prognostic effect of PR seemed to be consistent among the subgroups and was significant for most of them. Comparing subgroups there was a difference between the HR for ER negatives and ER positives. In ER negative tumors the prognostic effect of the PR seemed to be larger (HR=0.40; 95%CI: 0.25−0.63) than in ER positives (HR=0.68; 95%CI: 0.53−0.87). For all other subgroups there seemed to be no interaction between PR status and the other prognostic factors. Conclusion: PR positivity results into a similarly favourable prognosis in ER negative and ER positive patients. ER positivity alone seems not to be sufficient to define a group of patients with the most favourable prognosis. On the contrary, patients with ER positive, PR negative tumors have a signicantly deteriorated prognosis and seem to be a patient group, which should be investigated concerning drug resistance mechanisms. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-07.
Dual origins of functionally distinct O-LM interneurons revealed by differential 5-HT3AR expression
Authors: Ramesh Chittajallu, Michael T Craig, Ashley McFarland, Xiaoqing Yuan, Scott Gerfen, Ludovic Tricoire, Brian Erkkila, Sean C Barron, Carla M Lopez, Barry J Liang, Brian W Jeffries, Kenneth A Pelkey, Chris J McBain
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Comparison of ondansetron and ondansetron plus dexamethasone as antiemetic prophylaxis during cisplatin-containing chemotherapy
Authors: D.B. Smith, E.S. Newlands, G.J.S. Rustin, R.H.J. Begent, K.D. Bagshawe, N. Howells, B. McQuade
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Abstract 3014: Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor maintains stemness and tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Jessica Tilghman, John Laterra, Mingyao Ying
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that display stem-like characteristics (stemness) and play unique roles in tumor propagation, therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. It is becoming increasingly important to identify novel therapeutic targets in GSC for anti-GBM therapies. Here, we demonstrate that hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) is hyper-expressed in GBM tumors and supports the self-renewal and tumorigenic potential of GSCs. HMMR silencing impairs GSC self-renewal and inhibits the expression of GSC markers and regulators. HMMR silencing suppresses GSC-derived tumor growth and extends the survival of mice bearing GSC xenografts. HMMR overexpression promotes GSC self-renewal and intracranial tumor propagation. In human GBM tumor specimens, HMMR expression is positively correlated with the expression of cell-stemness-associated markers and regulators. Our findings identify HMMR as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting GSCs, suggesting therapeutic applications against GBM. Citation Format: Jessica Tilghman, John Laterra, Mingyao Ying. Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor maintains stemness and tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3014. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3014
Fasting girls and our attitudes to them.
Authors: H G Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>Background</h3> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and this risk is increased in patients with SLE who may not conform to traditional cardiovascular risk profiles. <h3>Aims</h3> To determine the prevalence of high CVD risk among patients with SLE calculated using different risk calculators, and to characterise those identified as high risk. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional analysis to estimate CVD risk using the Framingham Risk Equation (Framingham score) and an SLE-specific CVD risk equation (SLE score) was undertaken using data from a single centre cohort. The characteristics of patients identified as ‘high risk’ by the SLE score only (the ‘missed group’) were compared with those identified by the Framingham score (the ‘conventional group’). <h3>Results</h3> 146 patients were included; 22 (15%) and 44 (30%) were determined to be at ‘high risk’ based on the Framingham and SLE scores, respectively. Patients in the ‘missed group’ were less likely to have traditional risk factors and were more likely to be female (81% vs 50%; p=0.03), younger (mean age 54 vs 69 years p&lt;0.01) and have lower systolic blood pressure (132 vs 143 mm Hg; p=0.05). Of those deemed high risk, only a minority were treated to target blood pressure and lipid levels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A large proportion of patients with SLE could be re-classified as high risk using a formula that incorporates SLE disease-related parameters. These patients have different profiles to those identified using a conventional risk model. Optimal CVD risk assessment and management warrants further attention in SLE.
Genetic and epigenetic alterations in the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and spitzoid lesion
Authors: M. Takata, J. Lin, S. Takayanagi, T. Suzuki, S. Ansai, T. Kimura, L. Cerroni, T. Saida
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

The histopathological differentiation of malignant melanoma and Spitz naevus often presents diagnostic problems.We aimed to find out applicable diagnostic parameters other than routine pathology.The cases included conventional melanomas and Spitz naevi as well as atypical spitzoid lesions that had posed diagnostic difficulties. We examined hotspots of mutation in the BRAF, NRAS and HRAS genes by polymerase chain reaction-based direct sequencing. We also analysed DNA copy number aberrations and the methylation of CpG sequences in several cancer-related genes by utilizing a novel methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method.Twenty three of 24 conventional melanomas showed at least one of the genetic and epigenetic alterations examined, although one acral melanoma did not show any alteration. By sharp contrast, 12 Spitz naevi with an unambiguous histopathology showed no or few chromosomal aberrations, no oncogene mutations and no methylation of CpG sequences. Of the 16 ambiguous spitzoid lesions, most of which were designated atypical Spitz tumour by one of the authors, all but one showed no mutations, no methylations and few copy number aberrations. However, three tumours showed copy number loss of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A gene (CDKN2A), an alteration observed frequently in melanomas but not found in conventional Spitz naevi. These results show that, although most atypical Spitz tumours do not differ from conventional Spitz naevi showing virtually no genetic and epigenetic aberrations, some cases may have chromosomal aberrations that include copy number loss of the CDKN2A gene.Genetic and epigenetic analyses may be useful as an additional diagnostic tool to distinguish between melanoma and Spitz naevus, and may help to define subgroups in atypical Spitz tumours.
Harmful impact of EU clinical trials directive: Trial of alerting drug in fibromyalgia has had to be abandoned…
Authors: Christopher D Hanning, Patricia Rentowl
Journal: BMJ (2006)

One-time general consent for research on biological samples Opt out system for patients is optimal and endorsed in many countriesEditor-Wendler's valuable overview of empirical studies of patients' preferences about the use of residual (leftover) tissue for research is not complete. 1 The discussion has already been settled by legislation in many countries.In 2004 the Danish act on patient rights was amended with an opt out system for using residual tissue for research.In 2004 the US Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) issued guidance that research on residual tissue which is anonymous to the researcher is not human subject research and therefore the tissue can be used without consent. 2Earlier the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Societies' code of conduct on research with residual tissue drafted with patients' organisations had an opt out system for research on samples anonymous to the researcher. 3 In the recent UK Human Tissue Act no form of consent is needed for the use of fully anonymous or coded (or linked) residual tissue that is anonymous to the researcher, provided that an ethical review board has permitted the study.The more restrictive provisions in the original bill were amended also because of pressure from patient groups afraid that research to their benefit would be hampered by the proposed consent system.Wendler emphasises autonomy and argues that one-time consent protects the autonomy of individuals and protects them from serious risks.There are two major arguments against this.Firstly, autonomy should be balanced against other values such as the interests of patients who might benefit from this research. 4 Secondly, autonomy as such cannot protect individuals from risks but only from risks they do want to carry.Research on residual tissue, whether anonymous or anonymously used and being coded, does not carry any risks to individuals.Ethical review boards should oversee that sufficient measures have been taken to ensure that the samples used in research remain anonymously used.It should be possible to enrich data from tissue research with patient data.Fully anonymising samples, as suggested by Wendler, is a waste of valuable information.
Urinary 6-oxo prostaglandin F1 alpha in myocardial infarction.
Authors: J Y Jeremy, D P Mikhailidis, P Dandona
Journal: BMJ (1983)

L'excretion de ce metabolite de la prostacycline, exprimee par rapport a celle de la creatinine, est nettement augmentee lors de l'infarctus aigu du myocarde chez 11 malades dont la fonction renale est normale et ne prenant aucun medicament depuis une dizaine de jours. 8 a 10 semaines plus tard cette excretion est au contraire nettement inferieure a la moyenne normale
The role of JNK2 in toxic liver injury
Authors: Christian Liedtke, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)

Tumor necrosis factor-induced toxic liver injury results from JNK2-dependent activation of caspase-8 and the mitochondrial death pathway. Wang Y, Singh R, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Czaja MJ. In vitro studies of hepatocytes have implicated over-activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling as a mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis. However, the functional significance of JNK activation and the role of specific JNK isoforms in TNF-induced hepatic apoptosis in vivo remain unclear. JNK1 and JNK2 function was, therefore, investigated in the TNF-dependent, galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS) model of liver injury. The toxin GalN converted LPS-induced JNK signaling from a transient to prolonged activation. Liver injury and mortality from GalN/LPS was equivalent in wild-type and jnk1-/- mice but markedly decreased in jnk2-/- mice. This effect was not secondary to down-regulation of TNF receptor 1 expression or TNF production. In the absence of jnk2, the caspase-dependent, TNF death pathway was blocked, as reflected by the failure of caspase-3 and -7 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage to occur. JNK2 was critical for activation of the mitochondrial death pathway, as in jnk2-/- mice Bid cleavage and mitochondrial translocation and cytochrome c release were markedly decreased. This effect was secondary to the failure of jnk2-/- mice to activate caspase-8. Liver injury and caspase activation were similarly decreased in jnk2 null mice after GalN/TNF treatment. Ablation of jnk2 did not inhibit GalN/LPS-induced c-Jun kinase activity, although activity was completely blocked in jnk1-/- mice. Toxic liver injury is, therefore, associated with JNK over-activation and mediated by JNK2 promotion of caspase-8 activation and the TNF mitochondrial death pathway through a mechanism independent of c-Jun kinase activity. [Abstract reproduced by permission of J Biol Chem 2006;281:15258-67].
Wernicke's Encephalopathy and High-Dose Nitroglycerin
Authors: ALAN M. NADEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1985Wernicke's Encephalopathy and High-Dose NitroglycerinALAN M. NADEL, M.D.ALAN M. NADEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-134_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The long-recognized cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy has been thiamine deficiency, associated with poor nutrition in the alcoholic or nonalcoholic patient. Blass and Gibson (1) suggested a different cause, namely a genetic abnormality in transketolase, the thiamine-requiring enzyme. Even in their four patients, however, nutritional deprivation was necessary before the genetic expression appeared. Hence, nutritional deprivation has been a common theme in this disease.Shorey and associates (2) propose that high doses of the diluent ethyl alcohol and propylene glycol given intravenously may produce this disease by a direct metabolic effect on thiamine metabolism. These authors should exclude...References1. BLASSGIBSON JG. Abnormality of a thiamine-requiring enzyme in patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:1367-1370. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SHOREYBHARDWAJLOSCALZO JNJ. Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy after intravenous infusion of high-dose nitroglycerin. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:500. LinkGoogle Scholar3. PHILLIPSVICTORADAMSDAVIDSON GMRC. A study of nutritional defect in Wernicke's syndrome: the effect of a purified diet, thiamine, and other vitamins on the clinical manifestations. J Clin Invest. 1952;31:859-71. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ZIPORINNUNESPOWELLWARINGSAUBERLICH ZWRPH. Excretion of thiamine and its metabolites in the urine of young adult males receiving restricted intakes of the vitamin. J Nutr. 1965;85:287-96. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. NADELBURGER AP. Wernicke encephalopathy following prolonged intravenous therapy. JAMA. 1976;235:2403-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: P. O. Box 41619; Memphis, TN 38174 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIntravenous Nitroglycerin Administration and EthanolJ. M. OHAR, M.D., A. A. FOWLER, M.D., J. B. SELHORST, M.D., F. L. GLAUSER, M.D. 1 January 1985Volume 102, Issue 1Page: 134-134KeywordsAlcoholicsBrain diseasesEnzymesEthanolGeneticsMetabolic disordersNutritionThiamine Issue Published: 1 January 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Multiple Sclerosis — The Plaque and Its Pathogenesis
Authors: Elliot M. Frohman, Michael K. Racke, Cedric S. Raine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Substantial advances have elucidated some of the central mechanisms underlying the inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration that occur in multiple sclerosis. Correspondingly, the clinical strategies available for the management of the disease have widened. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of the inflammatory and neurodegenerative elements of the multiple sclerosis plaque.
Inhaled corticosteroids after respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: J. Handforth, J. S Friedland, M. Sharland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Are ineffective and should not be used to prevent subsequent wheeze

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection often causes bronchiolitis in infants, and the season for infection started early this year, perhaps because it has been a cold winter (www.hpa.org.uk). Between 2% and 3% of infants are admitted to hospital with RSV each year. Supportive treatment with fluids, oxygen, and ventilation is still the only management option available because adrenaline, bronchodilators, steroids, ribavirin, and azithromycin offer no benefit or may even be harmful in the acute phase.1 2 3 RSV bronchiolitis can lead to secondary wheeze, and treatment options are also limited in this phase of the disease. In the linked randomised controlled trial (doi:10.1136/bmj.b897), Ermers and colleagues assess whether giving high dose hydrofluoroalkane extrafine beclometasone for three months after hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection with RSV prevents recurrent wheeze.4 

Reactive airways disease can occur after bronchiolitis, with a …
Pulmonary Embolism in a Child
Authors: Cloyd L. Dye
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A 9-year-old child had pulmonary embolism, a condition which is generally considered rare in children. However, postmortem studies in children have shown that pulmonary embolism occurred in approximately 1%. Thus, when the clinical findings are in keeping with the possibility of pulmonary embolism, this diagnosis should be seriously entertained even though the patient is a child.
Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome Presenting With Familial Gastric Cancer and Massive Gastric Polyposis
Authors: Zsofia K. Stadler, Erin Salo-Mullen, Liying Zhang, Jinru Shia, Ruben Bacares, Derek G. Power, Martin Weiser, Daniel Coit, Mark E. Robson, Kenneth Offit, Mark Schattner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Case ReportA 38-year-old African American man, with a family history of gastric cancer, presented to an outside institution with abdominal pain, weight loss, gastric reflux, and anemia prompting a baseline upper endoscopy demonstrating grape-like stomach polyps.Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed gastric distention without definitive evidence of obstruction.On presentation to our institution, the patient complained of continued intermittent abdominal pain, unintentional 30-pound weight loss, and was found to be
Why Not "I" and "We"?
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Recently, among his criticisms of a manuscript, aJournalconsultant included this comment: "The paper [submitted by two investigators] is written in the first person plural, which is poor form except in the case of direct reporting of a speaker's text." When a psychiatric journal published an article in which the author used the first person singular throughout, the editors apologized in a footnote for this departure from "normal" journal practice. At many governemnt institutions researchers receive instructions to report their work using an impersonal style. These examples represent a common attitude today: that "I" and "we" are inappropriate to the literature of science. Why should this be so? Neither Dr. King nor I accept this stricture on the first person pronoun. We not only deny that "I" and "we" should be interdicted, we believe that the words are often preferable to the artificial circumlocutions necessary to avoid the first-person
Quotations on the Wall
Authors: Harish Jasti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters2 May 2000Quotations on the WallHarish Jasti, MDHarish Jasti, MDUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Jasti)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-9-200005020-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with much delight Dr. Hurst's essay (1). I too am one of those people who gets as excited about quotations as Dr. Hurst does. Because one must be selective in the quotations chosen to read and thereby recollect, I offer the following two quotations from The Bhagavadgita(2) to counter the one by Georg Hegel (“We may affirm absolutely that nothing great in the world has been accomplished without passion”):“He who controls the senses by the mind, and without attachment engages the organs of action in the path of work, is superior” (chapter III, verse ...References1. Hurst JW. Quotations on the wall. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:551-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Radhakrishnan S, tr. The Bhagavadgita. London: HarperCollins; 1994:134-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Jasti) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoQuotations on the Wall J. Willis Hurst Metrics 2 May 2000Volume 132, Issue 9Page: 761 Issue Published: 2 May 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Clinics in gastroenterology: Postsurgical syndromes
Authors: A Alexander-Williams
Journal: Gut (1980)

Any criticism is minor and is aimed at the style of English-for example, 'small magnification of a liver', spelling-'pirmary biliary cirrhosis', or at the absence of bold type in the index to indicate the major text reference.Perhaps the authors are carried away by their approach and indulge in sign-splitting.Thus eight patterns of fibrosis and 11 types of liver cell necrosis are described.However, all pretenders to the kingdom of hepatopathology should be aware of this book which is a welcome breath of fresh air among the current fug of atlases.
The Treatable Epilepsies
Authors: Antonio V. Delgado-Escueta, David M. Treiman, Gregory O. Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

IN the past 10 years advances in genetic epidemiology,1 an improved classification of epileptic seizures,2 and the emergence of new antiepileptic drugs3 have focused attention on the treatable epilepsies. These epilepsies are called treatable because of their excellent response to antiepileptic drugs, because of their continued high remission rates even after withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs, and because they afflict people who are otherwise normal.Almost all forms of seizure disorders should be treated with an antiepileptic drug, but the goal of physicians should also be to identify the phenotypic variations of the treatable epilepsies. They should be differentiated from epilepsies . . .