tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interaction between bedding and sleeping position in the sudden infant death syndrome: a population based case-control study.
Authors: P J Fleming, R Gilbert, Y Azaz, P J Berry, P T Rudd, A Stewart, E Hall
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the relation between sleeping position and quantity of bedding and the risk of sudden unexpected infant death. DESIGN--A study of all infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly and of two controls matched for age and date with each index case. The parents of control infants were interviewed within 72 hours of the index infant9s death. Information was collected on bedding, sleeping position, heating, and recent signs of illness for index and control infants. SETTING--A defined geographical area comprising most of the county of Avon and part of Somerset. SUBJECTS--72 Infants who had died suddenly and unexpectedly (of whom 67 had died from the sudden infant death syndrome) and 144 control infants. RESULTS--Compared with the control infants the infants who had died from the sudden infant death syndrome were more likely to have been sleeping prone (relative risk 8.8; 95% confidence interval 7.0 to 11.0; p less than 0.001), to have been more heavily wrapped (relative risk 1.14 per tog above 8 tog; 1.03 to 1.28; p less than 0.05), and to have had the heating on all night (relative risk 2.7; 1.4 to 5.2; p less than 0.01). These differences were less pronounced in the younger infants (less than 70 days) than the older ones. The risk of sudden unexpected death among infants older than 70 days, nursed prone, and with clothing and bedding of total thermal resistance greater than 10 tog was increased by factors of 15.1 (2.6 to 89.6) and 25.2 (3.7 to 169.0) respectively compared with the risk in infants of the same age nursed supine or on their side and under less than 6 tog of bedding. CONCLUSIONS--Overheating and the prone position are independently associated with an increased risk of sudden unexpected infant death, particularly in infants aged more than 70 days. Educating parents about appropriate thermal care and sleeping position of infants may help to reduce the incidence of the sudden infant death syndrome.
AN OPERATION FOR RELIEF OF DISABILITY IN OLD FRACTURES OF OS CALCIS
Authors: PAUL B. MAGNUSON
Journal: JAMA (1923)

So far as can be learned by reference to the literature there has been little or no attempt made to relieve the serious disability which results from unrecognized or badly treated fractures of the os calcis; and for the workingman, in whom this fracture most frequently occurs, there is none that more often leaves a permanent disability. It occurs practically always as a
Endotoxin and interleukin-1 related hepatic inflammatory response promotes liver failure after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Marja A. Boermeester, Irene H. Straatsburg, Alexander P. J. Houdijk, Catharina Meyer, Wilma M. Frederiks, Robert I. C. Wesdorp, Cornelis J. F. van Noorden, Paul A. M. van Leeuwen
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Impairment of various functions of the liver and concomitantly increased levels of parameters of liver damage, a clinical entity termed liver failure, is commonly seen after partial hepatectomy. We investigated in a rat model whether damage of the remnant liver was due to local inflammatory responses, and related to endotoxin or interleukin-1 (IL-1). To address this question, the effects of partial hepatectomy on infiltration of immunocompetent cells and expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen of macrophages in the remnant liver was studied using immunohistochemical techniques. Specific intervention with recombinant N-terminal bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI23) to neutralize endotoxin and with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) to block IL-1 activity was used to examine the respective roles of endotoxin and IL-1. After partial hepatectomy, we found an influx of neutrophils, an increased expression of MHC class II antigens, and morphologic changes of Kupffer cells consistent with activation. These inflammatory events coincided with increased serum levels of markers of liver damage (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ammonia). Both neutralization of endotoxin and blocking of IL-1 activity reduced hepatic inflammation and reduced serum levels of aminotransferases and ammonia. In addition, liver cell proliferation as assessed by staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was significantly enhanced when either endotoxin or IL-1 effects were blocked. Thus, our results suggest that local hepatic inflammatory responses inhibit liver cell proliferation and promote liver failure, presumably by affecting the functional capacity of the remnant liver.
A TCR Binds to Antagonist Ligands with Lower Affinities and Faster Dissociation Rates Than to Agonists
Authors: Daniel S Lyons, Stephanie A Lieberman, Johannes Hampl, J.Jay Boniface, Yueh-hsiu Chien, Leslie J Berg, Mark M Davis
Journal: Immunity (1996)

T lymphocyte activation is mediated by the interaction of specific TCR with antigenic peptides bound to MHC molecules. Single amino acid substitutions are often capable of changing the effect of a peptide from stimulatory to antagonistic. Using surface plasmon resonance, we have analyzed the interaction between a complex consisting of variants of the MCC peptide bound to a mouse class II MHC (Ek) and a specific TCR. Using both an improved direct binding method as well as a novel inhibition assay, we show that the affinities of three different antagonist peptide–Ek complexes are ∼10–50 times lower than that of the wild-type MCC–Ek complex for the TCR, largely due to an increased off-rate. These results suggest that the biological effects of peptide antagonists and partial agonists may be largely based on kinetic parameters.
Endosonographic Appearance of Gastric Adenomyoma
Authors: K.-M. Chu
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Figure 1 A 37-year-old lady presented with intermittent epigastric pain which she had experienced for 1 year. She was otherwise healthy. The physical examination was unremarkable, and the results of basic laboratory investigations were all within normal limits. An ultrasound scan of the abdomen was normal. Upper endoscopy revealed the presence of a 1.5-cm submucosal nodule in the anterior antrum
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and serum N-telopeptide (sNTX) as predictors of bone loss in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer receiving letrozole as adjuvant therapy: a 5-year study (Z-FAST).
Authors: A Brufsky, G Harker, T Beck, R Carroll, G Warsi, L Jin, E Argonza-Aviles, S Ericson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2067 Background: Changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover are expected to be predictors of long-term changes in bone mineral density (BMD). We studied the potential of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and serum N-telopeptide (sNTX) at 6 and 12 months (mo) in predicting BMD of the lumber spine (LS) and total hip (TH) at 48 mo in Z-FAST study.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Postmenopausal women with ER+ and/or PR+ early stage breast cancer were randomized 1:1 into Up-front (U) or Delayed (D) arms (N=301 in each). Patients (pts) in U received zoledronic acid (ZOL) 4 mg IV q6 mo starting at baseline; pts in D started ZOL q6 mo when their LS or TH T-score fell below -2. All pts started Letrozole 2.5 mg/day for 5 years. Levels of BSAP and sNTX were assessed at screening and every 6 mo on a subset of pts. LS and TH BMD were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at screening, 6 mo and every 12 mo thereafter for all available pts. This is an exploratory analysis to investigate the correlation between short-term % changes from baseline in BSAP and sNTX and long-term % changes from baseline in BMD. Pearson correlations and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis were performed. We report the results based on 48 mo data.&amp;#x2028; Results: The Pearson correlations between % change in BSAP at 6 mo and LS BMD at 48 mo were -0.13 [(N=38, not significant (NS)] and -0.17 (N=39, NS) in arms U and D respectively. The correlations between % change in BSAP at 12 mo and LS BMD at 48 mo were -0.15 (N=39, NS) in U and -0.43 (N=38, p=0.0077) in D. Very similar correlations were obtained for % change in sNTX at 6, 12 mo and LS BMD at 48 mo in D, but in U the correlations were smaller and positive. The correlations between % change of both markers at 6, 12 mo and TH BMD at 48 mo were all NS at 0.05. ROC analysis showed that at best performance (maximum of sensitivity plus specificity), for any increase in sNTX at 12 mo, the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) to predict LS BMD loss at 48 mo was 74%, 77%, 85% and 63% in D. For BSAP change of 3%, the four ROC parameters were 71%, 71%, 81% and 59% respectively. For prediction of TH BMD loss, the SE, SP and NPV were lower for both markers with higher PPV. In U, the SE, SP and PPV were all much lower with very high NPV for both markers and BMD loss.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Interim results of Z-FAST data show that short-term changes in BSAP and sNTX have the potential for predicting long-term bone loss. The weaker correlations in U also suggest that zoledronic acid may have a direct preventive effect on bone loss independent of changes in the markers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2067.
TCT-436 Association of Myocardial Bridge and Acetylcholine Dose Response in Patients with Vasospastic Angina
Authors: Sung Il Im, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Sun Won Kim, Jin Oh Na, Seong Woo Han, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Lentiviral vectors containing an enhancer-less ubiquitously acting chromatin opening element (UCOE) provide highly reproducible and stable transgene expression in hematopoietic cells
Authors: Fang Zhang, Susannah I. Thornhill, Steven J. Howe, Meera Ulaganathan, Axel Schambach, Joanna Sinclair, Christine Kinnon, H. Bobby Gaspar, Michael Antoniou, Adrian J. Thrasher
Journal: Blood (2007)

Abstract Ubiquitously acting chromatin opening elements (UCOEs) consist of methylation-free CpG islands encompassing dual divergently transcribed promoters of housekeeping genes that have been shown to confer resistance to transcriptional silencing and to produce consistent and stable transgene expression in tissue culture systems. To develop improved strategies for hematopoietic cell gene therapy, we have assessed the potential of the novel human HNRPA2B1-CBX3 UCOE (A2UCOE) within the context of a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector. Unlike viral promoters, the enhancer-less A2UCOE gave rise to populations of cells that expressed a reporter transgene at a highly reproducible level. The efficiency of expression per vector genome was also markedly increased in vivo compared with vectors incorporating either spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters, suggesting a relative resistance to silencing. Furthermore, an A2UCOE-IL2RG vector fully restored the IL-2 signaling pathway within IL2RG-deficient human cells in vitro and successfully rescued the X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) phenotype in a mouse model of this disease. These data indicate that the A2UCOE displays highly reliable transcriptional activity within a lentiviral vector, largely overcoming insertion-site position effects and giving rise to therapeutically relevant levels of gene expression. These properties are achieved in the absence of classic enhancer activity and therefore may confer a high safety profile.
Acute cerebral oedema induced by methotrexate.
Authors: P. J. Hughes, R. J. Lane
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Many reports document a variety of neurological complications resulting from both intravenous and intrathecal administration of methotrexate, but acute cerebral oedema is not among them.We describe a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia who developed cerebral oedema after treatment with intrathecal methotrexate.A 23 year old Jamaican woman was admitted with a diagnosis of acute pnyeloid leukaemia (M3).
Epidermal dendritic S100 positive cells in necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare
Authors: BRONWEN CHAMBERS, A. MILLIGAN, A. FLETCHER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Using an antibody to S100 protein, the number of dendritic cells above the basal layer in the epidermis was assessed in necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare. A statistically significantly higher number of these cells was found within the epidermis in necrobiosis lipoidica compared with granuloma annulare and normal skin. The numbers were similar to those seen in sarcoidosis and tuberculous reactions in the skin, which raises the possibility of an immune pathogenesis for necrobiosis lipoidica.
Cat-Scratch Fever Associated with an Osteolytic Lesion
Authors: Platon J. Collipp, Richard Koch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CAT-SCRATCH fever is usually a nonbacterial regional lymphadenitis that occurs one or two weeks after a scratch by a cat. The course is variable and may last for a few weeks to months. The etiology of the disease is as yet unknown, but is thought to be viral. Complications are unusual, but a variety of other conditions may be associated with it. Among these are erythema nodosum,1 encephalopathy,2 oculoglandular syndrome,3 , 4 peripheral neuritis,5 thrombocytopenic purpura,6 pulmonary infiltration7 and a sterile osteolytic bone lesion.8 The disease was first recognized as an entity by Foshay in 1932, but the first report in the . . .
Distribution in England and Wales of Mortality from Coronary Disease
Authors: W. J. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1956)

patients coming in at varying intervals from onset, and a life-table technique is applied, relating the recovery rate at any given stage of the disease to the patients under observation at that time.Thirty-six patients were either admitted within 24 hours of the onset or developed chorea under observation in the hospital.From the moment the diagnosis was proved the recovery rate was rapid, suggesting that rapid recovery and abortive attacks may be quite common and possibly unrecognized.We are inidebted to Dr. J. Knowelden, who has kindly helped us with the development of this analysis.
Guidelines for the Determination of Death
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The report on "Guidelines for the Determination of Death" in this issue (p 2184) is a landmark document with far-reaching medical, ethical, and legal implications. It is a summary of currently accepted medical practices for the determination of death, both cardiorespiratory and neurological, although the majority of the report is devoted to the diagnosis of neurological, or brain, death. Physicians from numerous specialities contributed to the drafting of this report, which was coordinated by the staff of the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. These guidelines are included as an appendix to the more comprehensive report by the President's Commission on "Defining Death: A Report on the Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death" (this entire report was approved by the President's Commission and sent to the President on July 9, 1981). Until now, the most widely accepted
Concurrent chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prolymphocytic leukemia derived from two separate B‐cell clones
Authors: Fenglin Cao, Dominick Amato, Chen Wang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

An 82-year-old man presented with leukocytosis and splenomegaly. His blood counts showed a white cell count of 134 × 109/l, hemoglobin 96 g/l, and platelet count 86 × 109/l. The blood film showed two distinct populations of lymphocytes, morphologically, 60% typical CLL cells and 40% large prolymphocytes (Image 1). Patient's spleen was palpable 14 cm below the left costal margin. There were mildly enlarged cervical and axillary lymph nodes up to 2 cm but no evidence of localized lymphoma. Blood film shows two populations of CLL and PLL cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed 90% B lymphocytes. Although all the B cells had lambda light chain restriction, they were heterogeneous for CD5 and CD23 expression, including the CD5+/CD23+ B cells typical of CLL phenotype, and the cells lacking CD5 and CD23 consistent with a PLL population. Clonality analysis was performed with use of multiplex PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays for IgH rearrangement. With this assay, a clonal B-cell population gives rise to PCR product identical in size and independent clones can be distinguished by unique size of the PCR products. The patient's blood sample showed a pattern of two clones of B lymphocytes (Image 2), indicating the two independent clones of CLL and PLL cells. PCR clonality analysis is based on IgH gene rearrangement and two peaks of PCR products indicate two independent clones of B cells. The patient was treated initially with chlorambucil 2 mg daily with a poor response. His white cell count rose quickly to 240 × 109/l in 5 months. He required transfusion for worsening anemia. Further treatment with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide was tried and discontinued due to poor intolerance. This patient presented with a mixed population of CLL and PLL. The genetic relationship between CLL and PLL may be revealed by immunoglobulin isotypes or immunoglobulin gene rearrangements [1]. Similar to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developing in CLL (Richter syndrome), B-cell PLL may arise from clonal progression of CLL or a second malignancy unrelated to CLL [1-3]. It is likely that this patient had an indolent and undiagnosed CLL, but the duration of CLL before the emerging PLL is unclear. Nonetheless, the finding of clonality analysis indicates PLL derived from an independent clone to that of CLL.
A STUDY IN THE PREVENTION OF ADHESIONS
Authors: J. R. CLAYPOOL
Journal: JAMA (1910)

For many years papers have appeared intermittently recommending the use of oil in the peritoneal cavity to prevent the formation of alhesions.  When we began our work in the laboratory on this subject we could find no paper dealing with it from an experimental standpoint; though while this work was in progress the paper by Wilkie 1 appeared. He formed adhesions in twelve animals (cats) by irritating the peritoneum. At the end of six or eight weeks these adhesions were broken down and in six of the animals a liquid paraffin was smeared over the raw surfaces. At the end of a month the animals treated with the paraffin showed fewer and less dense adhesions than the controls. The oil was not found free in the peritoneal cavity after fifteen days in macroscopic quantities.  In the work performed by us we have used dogs entirely and have compared the value
Antibody to Human Rotavirus in Cow's Milk
Authors: Robert H. Yolken, Genevieve A. Losonsky, Steven Vonderfecht, Flora Leister, Siok bi Wee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Rotavirus infection is an important cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Since the virus replicates in the intestinal lumen, we investigated the presence and effectiveness of rotavirus antibody in three forms of milk: raw milk, pasteurized milk, and commercially available infant formulas. Both raw and pasteurized milk contained detectable levels of IgG1 antibody directed at rotavirus. On the other hand, little or no anti-rotavirus antibody was detected in commercially available infant formulas or other sterile milk preparations. The milk samples with rotavirus antibody were capable of inhibiting the replication of simian, bovine, and human rotaviruses in tissue culture. In addition, they were capable of protecting mice from infection and disease in a murine model of rotavirus infection. On the other hand, the formula preparations were incapable of modifying the in vitro replication of rotavirus strains in tissue culture and did not prevent symptomatic gastroenteritis in the mouse model. We conclude that the alteration of milk-processing procedures or the addition of effective antibodies to milk preparations commonly used in the nutrition of young children may alter the clinical course of rotavirus infection or decrease the transmission of rotavirus throughout susceptible populations.
IκB kinase ε: A potential therapeutic target for obesity (and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)?
Authors: James E. Nelson, Kris V. Kowdley
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that negatively impacts insulin sensitivity. Here, we show that high-fat diet can increase NF-κB activation in mice, which leads to a sustained elevation in level of IκB kinase ε (IKKε) in liver, adipocytes, and adipose tissue macrophages. IKKε knockout mice are protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity, chronic inflammation in liver and fat, hepatic steatosis, and whole-body insulin resistance. These mice show increased energy expenditure and thermogenesis via enhanced expression of the uncoupling protein UCP1. They maintain insulin sensitivity in liver and fat, without activation of the proinflammatory JNK pathway. Gene expression analyses indicate that IKKε knockout reduces expression of inflammatory cytokines, and changes expression of certain regulatory proteins and enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Thus, IKKε may represent an attractive therapeutic target for obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and other complications associated with these disorders.
Real-world Comparative Effectiveness Of Extrafine Hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone (EF HFA-BDP) Versus Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) / Long-acting Beta-agonist (LABA) Therapy In Pediatric Asthma
Authors: D.B. Price, R. Martin, P. Dorinsky, A.J. Lee, A. Burden, J. von Ziegenweidt, A. Chisholm, E.V. Hillyer, G. Colice
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Enhanced Expression of Innate Immune Genes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: A.Q. Truong-Tran, R. Kern, D. Conley, S. Retsema, L. Grammer, L. Suh, J. Tirumalasetty, B. Tancowny, A. Tripathi, R. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Discontinuance of Cigarette Smoking: "Natural" and With "Therapy"
Authors: Douglass S. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Two hundred and ninety-eight cigarette smokers attended the first session of the Five Day Plan to Stop Smoking; 201 of them also attended the fifth session. Of the latter group, 146 (72.6%) had not smoked a cigarette during the preceding 24 hours. Ten weeks after the plan, 287 of the 298 original participants were contacted by telephone: 84 (29.4%) had not smoked a cigarette during the preceding seven days. Ten months after the plan, 49 participants from a previously selected subgroup of 50 who attended the first and fifth sessions were contacted by telephone: 41 were still smoking cigarettes but eight (16%) had not smoked a cigarette since the plan ended. The "therapeutic success" rate of the plan (discontinuance of cigarette smoking ten months after the plan) was 16%.
PHYSICIANS FAILING TO REPORT DISEASES
Authors: S. S. Beverly
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —A frequent barrier to city epidemiologic work is the failure of physicians to report communicable and venereal diseases to city health departments. The death certificate may be the first notice of a contagious disease. This is especially true of such diseases as typhoid, epidemic meningitis, tuberculosis and the common diseases of childhood. Reports from medical journals indicate that frequently physicians have been prosecuted by state authorities for failure to report communicable diseases, but the careless practice is still continued. A great improvement can be made if the medical colleges will devote more time to this phase of the work—if medical students are taught the importance of reporting births, communicable diseases and venereal diseases. In this city a new system is in practice and is effective. Every physician who wilfully fails to report communicable diseases is given a written notice with a copy of the sanitary code covering