tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease in an Urban Population in Northern India
Authors: S. G. SARVOTHAM, J. N. BERRY
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A prevalence survey of coronary heart disease (CHD) was carried out in a north Indian town involving a house-to-house clinical and electrocardiographic examination of all the 2,030 persons above the age of 30 years residing in the area. The sample is considered adequate and representative of urban population of northern India. The diagnosis of CHD was based on history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris and electrocardiographic abnormalities according to criteria used by Epstein and associates. 1 The prevalence rates of CHD for men and women were similar to those found in Tecumseh. 1 The prevalence of CHD increased with age, with socio-economic status, with the sedentary nature of occupation, and in hypertensives. Those with CHD were more obese than others, and the prevalence showed a positive correlation with subscapular skinfold thickness in men. Sixty-two per cent of the men and 88% of the women had clinically silent CHD. No comparable published data on prevalence of CHD in the general population in India is available.
One in four cases of bowel cancer in England are diagnosed only after emergency admission
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The latest figures from an audit monitoring the diagnosis and management of bowel cancer in England show that 25% of cases were diagnosed only after emergency admission of the patient to hospital.

The national bowel cancer audit found that 8000 of the total of 31 000 patients with a diagnosis of bowel cancer who were admitted to hospitals in England for the first time during the 12 months from 1 August 2009 were given their diagnosis only after emergency admission.1

“Clearly this is not good, and we should try to work to reduce the number of patients not diagnosed until an emergency admission,” said Nigel Scott, a colorectal surgeon at the Royal Preston Hospital and the audit’s national lead.

The audit showed that older people, women, and people from deprived areas were more likely than other people to be given a diagnosis of bowel cancer after emergency admission. Scott said that failure to refer patients with symptoms that could indicate bowel cancer did not seem to be the major reason for diagnosis after emergency admission.

“These …
Abdominal Gray Scale Ultrasonography
Authors: Wayne S. Chilcote
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Dr Goldberg, the editor and a major contributor to this book, has drawn on the expertise of ten other physicians to coauthor the volume. It is designed as a reference for those currently active in ultrasound, a guide for students of this modality, and an aid for those in other disciplines who order ultrasound examinations. The initial sections on physics and instrumentation presume a familiarity with the basics of ultrasound and deal directly with the why and how of gray-scale ultrasonography. This is explained succinctly yet with sufficient detail to allow the reader to realize the full potential of the technology. Other chapters are variously organized by organs, structures, and regions. Thus, the overlap of authors affords the reader multiple viewpoints of any given topic; eg, hepatic disease is discussed in chapters on normal and abnormal vessels, cysts and abscesses, the biliary tree, and the liver. The book is profusely
Connexin 43 mediates spread of Ca2+ -dependent proinflammatory responses in lung capillaries
Authors: K. Parthasarathi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Acute lung injury (ALI), which is associated with a mortality of 30-40%, is attributable to inflammation that develops rapidly across the lung's vast vascular surface, involving an entire lung or even both lungs. No specific mechanism explains this extensive inflammatory spread, probably because of the lack of approaches for detecting signal conduction in lung capillaries. Here, we addressed this question by applying the photolytic uncaging approach to induce focal increases in Ca2+ levels in targeted endothelial cells of alveolar capillaries. Uncaging caused Ca2+ levels to increase not only in the targeted cell, but also in vascular locations up to 150 microm from the target site, indicating that Ca2+ was conducted from the capillary to adjacent vessels. No such conduction was evident in mouse lungs lacking endothelial connexin 43 (Cx43), or in rat lungs in which we pretreated vessels with peptide inhibitors of Cx43. These findings provide the first direct evidence to our knowledge that interendothelial Ca2+ conduction occurs in the lung capillary bed and that Cx43-containing gap junctions mediate the conduction. A proinflammatory effect was evident in that induction of increases in Ca2+ levels in the capillary activated expression of the leukocyte adherence receptor P-selectin in venules. Further, peptide inhibitors of Cx43 completely blocked thrombin-induced microvascular permeability increases. Together, our findings reveal a novel role for Cx43-mediated gap junctions, namely as conduits for the spread of proinflammatory signals in the lung capillary bed. Gap junctional mechanisms require further consideration in the understanding of ALI.
Some charges against Bahraini doctors are dropped, but more serious crimes are added
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A civilian court in Bahrain has announced that some charges against 20 health professionals would be dropped and that a new trial would begin to assess allegations that they committed more serious crimes against the state during political protests earlier this year.

The announcement from the High Court of Appeal came after an international outcry over sentences of between five and 15 years in jail handed to the 20 in September by a special national safety court with a military judge ( BMJ 2011;343:d6336, doi:10.1136/bmj.d6336).

The public prosecution said that it would drop charges of disseminating false information, inciting hatred of the government, and encouraging others to commit crimes. It would …
What shapes social decision making?
Authors: Simon M. Reader, Ioannis Leris
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Outcome transparency and the weight given to social information both play important roles in decision making, but we argue that an overarching influence is the degree to which individuals can and do gather information. Evolution, experience, and development may shape individual specializations in social decision making that carry over across contexts, and these individual differences may influence collective behavior and cultural evolution.
Anesthesia for Obstetrics
Authors: Andrew M. Malinow
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Considered by many to be the definitive work in the field, the first edition of this textbook has become a well-worn yet dated occupant on the bookshelves of all anesthesiologists who have ever worked in a labor suite. It has been eight years since the first edition of this book was published, and as time has passed, obstetric anesthesiology has evolved as a subspecialty. Advances in scientific knowledge have allowed anesthesiologists to take their place among equally well-trained medical and nursing personnel in defining the standards of care for routine and high-risk pregnancy. Needless to say, we have all been anxiously awaiting this new arrival. This work arises mainly from the combined experience of the two editors who, over the past 20 years, have built a reputation for quality and innovative clinical care as well as first-class pharmacologic and physiological research at the University of California—San Francisco. More than half
THE BUSINESS OF A UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL
Authors: ERNEST D. BURTON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The university medical school, like so many other parts of our educational system, is in the making. It is, as the ancient philosophers rightly said of the world, becoming. The forces that have brought it to the point which it has reached are many, but not least among them are the ideals consciously created by thinking men and more or less completely embodied in this or that school. The discussion of the function of the university medical school cannot therefore take the form of a description or photographic reproduction of an existing institution, but must rather be an attempt to define the goal toward which we are by conscious effort moving. Speaking, then, from this point, I think we may safely say that the university medical school ought to represent the university ideal at its highest, and the spirit of the medical profession at its best. And this, in turn,
Auditing the Medicare-Billing Practices of Teaching Physicians — Welcome Accountability, Unfair Approach
Authors: Jordan J. Cohen, Robert M. Dickler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Medicine has always embraced the concept of public accountability but until now has not had to face its reality. Those of us fortunate enough to have lived through the past three or four decades — medicine's halcyon era — recall with longing the public's implicit trust in a profession that was acknowledged, with few exceptions, to use the public's largess responsibly without much oversight. Standards of conduct were assumed to be high, professional mechanisms for addressing wrongdoing were assumed to be robust, and institutional accounting procedures were assumed to be sufficient to prevent the misuse of public funds. On the . . .
Glucose polymer supplements in low birth weight infants.
Authors: O G Brooke
Journal: BMJ (1983)

We have found that a methanol soluble extract of this emulsion, which was subse- quently shown by starch gel electrophoresis to contain lysophospholipids, will stimulate histamine release from suspensions of rat peritoneal mast cells (unpublished observations).Such histamine release, if it occurred in vivo, could account for the progressive hypotension seen in rats after near total blood replacement with Fluosol.3As yet there have been no detailed studies to establish whether Fluosol- DA or its components can interfere with normal functioning of other cellular elements of the immune system.Secondly, to use the term "artificial blood" when referring to emulsified perfluorochemicals is slightly misleading since it im- plies that these preparations are capable of completely replacing and fulfilling all the func- tions of blood itself.While it may be true that perfluorocarbons can carry oxygen and carbon dioxide they lack blood proteins, immunological and clotting factors, and other elements and therefore do not provide a complete substitute for what may be regarded as the largest single organ in the body.
Investigation of inheritance of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases by complex segregation analysis.
Authors: M Orholm, L Iselius, T I Sorensen, P Munkholm, E Langholz, V Binder
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the mode of inheritance of ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease by complex segregation analysis. DESIGN--Cross sectional population based survey of familial occurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. SETTING--Population of the Copenhagen county in 1987. SUBJECTS--662 patients in whom inflammatory bowel disease had been diagnosed before 1979, of whom 637 (96%) provided adequate information. Of 504 patients with ulcerative colitis, 54 had 77 relatives with ulcerative colitis and of 133 patients with Crohn9s disease, five had seven relatives with Crohn9s disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Patterns of segregation of either disease as assessed by complex segregation analysis performed with the computer program POINTER. RESULTS--The analysis suggested that a major dominant gene with a penetrance of 0.20-0.26 is present in 9-13% of adult patients with ulcerative colitis. The analysis did not allow for other components in the familial aggregation. For Crohn9s disease the best fitting model included a major recessive gene with complete penetrance, for which 7% of the patients are homozygous. However, this model was not significantly different from a multifactorial model. CONCLUSIONS--The segregation pattern indicates that a major dominant gene has a role in ulcerative colitis, and suggests that a major recessive gene has a role in Crohn9s disease.
Evaluation of endocytoscopy in the surveillance of patients with Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: H. Pohl, M. Koch, A. Khalifa, I. Papanikolaou, K. Scheiner, B. Wiedenmann, T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de H. Pohl et al., pp. 492Endoscopy 2007; 39(06): 576-576DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306938
Acute respiratory distress syndrome ("ARDS"): no more than a severe acute lung injury?
Authors: R Beale, E R Grover, M Smithies, D Bihari
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The term "ARDS" was introduced in 1967, when Ashbaugh et al reported a syndrome ofacute respiratory distress in adults."'They described 12 comparatively young patients, one of whom was a child, who had developed acute respiratory failure which seemed to follow a common course.It was said to have occurred in response to various stimuli, but in fact seven of the patients had suffered multiple trauma.Each case was characterised by severe arterial hypoxaemia refractory to oxygen, reduction in lung compliance, and bilateral diffuse alveolar infiltration in the chest x ray film.The oxygenation defect was partially respon- sive to positive end expiratory pressure but in seven cases seemed to be related to strongly positive fluid balance.Postmortem examination disclosed alveolar atelectasis, widespread inflammatory changes, and hyaline membranes.Four years later, in a second paper, the same authors used the term "adult respiratory distress syndrome."2Hence the confusion about what the A in ARDS stands for was born.Since the original description the diagnostic criteria have been modified to emphasise that the pulmonary oedema which occurs is non-cardiogenic and due to an increase in pulmonary capillary permeability.3A pulmonary artery occlusion pressure of less than 18 mm Hg is required to allow differentiation between the acute respiratory distress syndrome and the pulmonary oedema of acute heart failure and fluid overload.Nevertheless, research has been bedevilled by conflicting and insufficiently precise definitions.More recently, the broader label "acute lung injury" has been introduced to describe the full range (including the less severe forms) of acute respiratory failure associated with the recognised risk factors for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (box 1).
A pulse deficit. Important finding in patients with artificial pacemakers
Authors: D. K. Chung
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Slowing of the radial pulse in patients with artificial pacemakers is usually attributable to mechanical defects. In a patient herewith described, slowing of the radial pulse rate developed without pacemaker malfunction. The responsible mechanism was frequent ventricular premature contractions which inhibited pacemaker escape with resulting decrease in stroke volume. The arrhythmia was due to digitalis intoxication. Thus, slowing of the pulse during digitalis therapy in a patient with a pacemaker does not necessarily incriminate the latter.
Vision without Sight
Authors: Robert Y. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The lamp of the body is the eye. If your eyes are sound, you will have light for your whole body; if the eyes are bad, your whole body will be in darkness.— Matthew 6:22–23, New English Bible Vision is the dominant human sense. The processing of photic information begins in the retina, continues in subcortical visual centers, and reaches its greatest complexity in the cerebral cortex.1 One characteristic of this processing is the segregation of information among visual pathways and centers. Features such as location, movement, form, and color are segregated, and thus visual perception may be selectively . . .
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ-deficient hearts are protected from the PAF-dependent depression of cardiac contractility
Authors: G Alloatti
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objectives: Following an ischemic insult, cardiac contractile recovery might be perturbed by the release of autacoids, like platelet-activating factor (PAF), that depress heart function by acting through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The signaling events downstream the PAF receptor that lead to the negative inotropic effect are still obscure. We thus investigated whether the GPCR-activated phosphoisositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) could play a role in the cardiac response to PAF. Methods: The negative inotropic effect of PAF was studied ex vivo, in isolated electrically driven atria and in Langendorff-perfused whole hearts derived from wild-type and PI3Kγ-null mice. Postischemic recovery of contractility was analyzed in normal and mutant whole hearts subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 40 min of reperfusion in the presence or absence of a PAF receptor antagonist. Results: While wild-type hearts stimulated with PAF showed increased nitric oxide (NO) production and a consequent decreased cardiac contractility, PI3Kγ-null hearts displayed reduced phosphorylation of nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), blunted nitric oxide production and a complete protection from the PAF-induced negative inotropism. In addition, Langendorff-perfused PI3Kγ-null hearts showed a better contractile recovery after ischemia/reperfusion, a condition where PAF is known to be an important player in depressing contractility. In agreement with a role of PI3Kγ in this PAF-mediated signaling, postischemic contractile recovery in PI3Kγ-null mice appeared overlapping with that of normal hearts treated with the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2170. Conclusion: These data indicate a novel PAF-dependent signaling pathway that, involving PI3Kγ and NOS3, contributes to postischemic contractile depression.
Microhemocirculation: Observable Variables and Their Biologic Control
Authors: Nancy E. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This book is a short but inclusive survey of the subject of the microcirculation, or microhemocirculation, defined by the author as that branch of angiology describing the circulation of blood in vascular channels less than 250μ in diameter. With increasing knowledge of the circulation in the small vessels of the body has come proof that the dynamic status of the microcirculation does not necessarily parallel that of the macrocirculation, and further, that failure of the microcirculation in vital microvascular beds can occur without manifest clinical abnormality of the macrocirculation, as measured by conventional methods. Recognition of the importance of the microvasculature as the locus of exchange in maintenance of homeostasis, and the role of the microcirculation in pathogenesis of disease, has quickened the interest of physical scientists, biologists, and physicians alike, in the study of the intrinsic problems of rheology, hemodynamics, intravascular coagulation, and local vasomotor responses, to name but
Inadequate regulations undermine India's health care
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The private sector dominates health care in India, but inadequate legislation and failure to enforce regulations are contributing to poor quality medical services, says a World Bank publication released in New Delhi last week.

Eighty per cent of spending on health in India is from personal funds, but existing laws do not ensure that private medical services maintain even minimum standards, says the report.

“Powerful medical lobbies have opposed government efforts …
Membrane ionic permeabilities and contractile phenomena in myocardium
Authors: E. Coraboeuf
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Membrane ionic permeabilities and contractile phenomena in myocardium E. Coraboeuf E. Coraboeuf From Laboratoire de Physiologie comparée et de Physiologie cellulaire associé au CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, 91-Orsay, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue supp1, July 1971, Pages 55–63, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.supp1.55 Published: 01 July 1971
Effects of Oral Prednisone After Stenting in a Rabbit Model of Established Atherosclerosis
Authors: Flavio Ribichini, Michael Joner, Valeria Ferrero, Aloke V. Finn, Johanna Crimins, Gaku Nakazawa, Eduardo Acampado, Frank D. Kolodgie, Corrado Vassanelli, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Determinants of renal actions of atrial natriuretic peptide. Lack of effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on pressure-induced vasoconstriction.
Authors: K Hayashi, M Epstein, R Loutzenhiser
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We have previously demonstrated that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) completely reverses norepinephrine-induced afferent arteriolar (AA) vasoconstriction. In the present study we characterized the effects of ANP on pressure-induced vasoconstriction of AA. Chronic unilateral hydronephrosis was induced to facilitate direct visualization of the renal microcirculation. Hydronephrotic kidneys were perfused in vitro, and AA diameters were measured during stepwise alterations in renal arterial pressure. Increasing renal arterial pressure from 80 to 180 mm Hg decreased AA diameter by 22 +/- 2% (from 18.5 +/- 1.0 to 14.4 +/- 1.0 microns, p less than 0.005). In the presence of 100 nM ANP [human ANP-(4-28)], AA vasoconstricted by 23 +/- 4%, indicating that ANP failed to modify the pressure-induced AA vasoconstriction. Furthermore, both nitroprusside (10 microM) and 8-bromoguanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (30 microM) only partially inhibited pressure-induced AA vasoconstriction (31 +/- 5% and 47 +/- 7%, respectively), whereas these vasodilators completely abolished norepinephrine-induced AA vasoconstriction. In contrast, nifedipine completely inhibited pressure-induced AA vasoconstriction. In summary, pressure-induced AA vasoconstriction is insensitive to the action of ANP, is relatively refractory to cyclic GMP-mediated vasorelaxation, but is completely inhibited by calcium channel blockade. Furthermore, since ANP completely abolishes norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction but fails to affect pressure-induced vasoconstriction, it is apparent that the type of underlying vasoconstrictor stimuli constitutes a major determinant of the renal microvascular response to ANP.