tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estrogens keep alive the hepatocyte memory
Authors: Claudio Tiribelli, Stefano Bellentani
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Transient stimulation of target tissues by sex steriods can cause long-lasting changes that may facilitate or alter responses to subsequent hormonal treatment. How these altered characteristics are propagated during cell division in the absence of the stimulating hormone is unknown. The human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 was used as a model to examine the effects of estrogen on the synthesis of serum apolipoproteins in vitro . Treatment with low concentrations of estrogen for 24 to 48 hours resulted in long-lasting alterations in the kinetics with which the cells respondent to subsequent stimulation with estrogen. Manifestation of this memory effect was correlated quantitatively with the induction and propagation of a moderate-affinity, nuclear, estrogen-binding protein with the characteristics of a type II estrogen receptor. The data indicate that transient exposure of these cells to estrogen can induce changes in their response, characteristics and composition of nuclear proteins that are inherited by daughter cells grown in the absence of hormone for more than ten generations.
The Common Structure of Treatment Staff Attitudes toward Adolescent Dialysis Patients
Authors: Stephen H. Armstrong
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

Fifteen nurses were asked to rate five adolescent dialysis patients on a four-teen-item nurses' semantic differential scale. In a varimax rotated principal components factor analysis, three factors were extracted: nurses' perceptions of the adolescent's general despair, identity consolidation, and dependency strivings. Recommendations for consulting psychiatrists are offered.
Treatment without Consent Law, Psychiatry and the Treatment of Mentally Disordered People since 1845
Authors: G. Thornicroft
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Phil Fennell Routledge, pounds sterling50, pp 356 ISBN 0 415 07787 7

Far below the pragmatics of everyday clinical decisions lie usually unexplored strata containing legal, ethical, and cultural time bombs. Phil Fennell's fundamentally important book exhumes this conceptual underworld in relation to one issue central to mental health services: consent to treatment. Fennell, a senior lecturer at Cardiff Law School, deliberately digs deep into the past 150 years of English and North American psychiatric history. He recounts the changing use of physical treatments, and the associated Acts of Parliament, but more importantly he analyses the wider context in which different generations have understood the legitimate balance …
Correction: A whole genome association study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Malawi
Authors: Bonnie R Joubert, Ethan M Lange, Nora Franceschini, Victor Mwapasa, Kari E North, Steven R Meshnick
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

A correction to: Bonnie R Joubert, Ethan M Lange, Nora Franceschini, Victor Mwapasa, Kari E North, Steven R Meshnick andthe NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology. A whole genome association study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Malawi. Genome Medicine 2010, 2:17.
Effects of an Intervention by a Diabetes Team in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Jill Koproski, Zorayda Pretto, Leonid Poretsky
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Hospitalized patients with diabetes have a prolonged length of stay in the hospital. We conducted a controlled prospective randomized feasibility study of the effects of a diabetes team (a diabetes nurse educator and an endocrinologist) on the length of stay and other outcomes of hospitalization in these patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 179 hospitalized patients with diabetes were randomly assigned to receive usual care supplemented with (85 patients) or without (94 control patients) a diabetes team intervention. Outcome measures included the length of stay, blood glucose control, and rates of readmission. RESULTS For the primary diagnosis of diabetes, the median length of stay was 5.5 days (95% CI 4-8 days) for patients who received diabetes team intervention and 7.5 days (5–11 days) for the control patients (NS). For the secondary diagnosis of diabetes, the median length of stay was 10.0 days (8–13 days) in the intervention group and 10.5 days (8–13 days) in the control group (NS). One month after the team intervention was initiated, 75% of patients in the intervention group were in good glycemic control, compared with 46% in the control group. Readmissions at 3 months after discharge included 13 (15%) patients from the intervention group and 30 (32%) patients in the control group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Randomized controlled prospective trials of clinical interventions in hospitalized patients with diabetes are feasible. Diabetes team intervention appears to reduce the hospital length of stay and to improve glycemic control. Team intervention significantly reduces the rate of recurrent hospitalization.
Abstract P2-10-12: How well predict the 2011 St Gallen early breast cancer surrogate phenotypes metastatic survival?
Authors: A Vanderstichele, O Brouckaert, S Tuyls, F Amant, K Leunen, A Smeets, P Berteloot, E Van Limbergen, C Weltens, S Peeters, P Moerman, G Floris, R Paridaens, H Wildiers, I Vergote, M-R Christiaens, B Van Calster, P Neven
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The five prognostic surrogate phenotypes, defined by the 2011 St Gallen consensus, predict metastatic relapse following early breast cancer treatment (Brouckaert et al Ann Oncol 2012). It is unknown to what extent these surrogate phenotypes defined on the primary tumor predict metastatic survival (MS) in a cohort of consecutive women with metachronous metastases. PATIENTS &amp; METHODS: All 4318 patients with primary operable breast cancer, diagnosed between 01–01-2000 and 31–12-2009 and treated in our center were prospectively entered in our institutional database. We included 345 patients with a (distant) metastatic relapse during their follow-up. We observed metastatic survival as the time between the diagnosis of the relapse and death. Tumor subtype was defined according to the 2011 St Gallen recommendations in 5 groups: luminal A (ER+/HER2−, grade 1–2), luminal B1 (ER+/HER2−, grade 3), luminal B2 or luminal-HER2 (ER+/HER2+), HER2-like (ER−/HER2−) and triple-negative. We focused on the value of the primary tumor subtype as a major prognostic determinant, but also assessed age at diagnosis, tumor size, lymph node involvement, tumor subtype, PR-status, primary detection (screening vs. palpation), histology, adjuvant therapy, distant-metastasis free interval (DMFI), first-line metastatic hormonal therapy, recurrence sites (isolate or multiple) and metastasis detection (clinical vs. biochemical). RESULTS: In our cohort, we recorded a median metastatic survival (MS) of 22.3 months (95% CI: 19.7–25.6) and a 5-year survival probability of 15%. Significant differences in median MS were noted when considering the primary tumor subtype (cf. table). We observed an independent prognostic effect for multiple recurrence sites (HR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.37–2.32), first-line metastatic hormonal therapy (HR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.18–0.49), DMFI (HR = 0.92 CI 0.85–0.98) and, finally, primary tumor subtype. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that primary tumor subtype, DMFI, solitary recurrence and first-line metastatic hormonal therapy act as independent prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer. In order to overcome the biological complexity of metastatic breast cancer, we must appreciate the primary tumor subtype in our therapeutic approach. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-12.
Beginning Insulin Treatment of Obese Patients With Evening 70/30 Insulin Plus Glimepiride Versus Insulin Alone
Authors: Matthew C Riddle, Jill Schneider
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE This study tested a simple algorithm for beginning insulin for obese patients with type 2 diabetes after sulfonylurea failure, comparing suppertime 70/30 insulin plus continued glimepiride with insulin alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a multicenter ambulatory randomized double-masked parallel comparison. There were 208 subjects with secondary failure to sulfonylureas who took glimepiride titrated to 8 mg b.i.d. for 8 weeks; 145 subjects with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 180–300 mg/dl (10–16.7 mmol/1) on this treatment were randomized to placebo plus insulin (PI) or glimepiride plus insulin (GI) for 24 weeks. A dosage of 70/30 insulin before supper was titrated, seeking fasting capillary blood glucose (FBG) 120 mg/dl (6.7 mmol/1), equivalent to FPG 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/1). Outcome measures included FPG, HbA1c, insulin dosage, weight, serum insulin and lipids, and adverse events. RESULTS FPG and HbA1c were equivalent at baseline: 261 vs. 250 mg/dl (14.5 vs. 13.9 mmol/1), and 9.9 vs. 9.7%. At 24 weeks, the FPG target was achieved in both groups (136 vs. 138 mg/dl, 7.6 vs. 7.6 mmol/1), and HbA1c values were equal (7.7 vs. 7.6%). However, with GI, control improved faster and fewer subjects dropped out (3 vs. 15%, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and less insulin was needed (49 vs. 78 U/d, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The outcomes were alike in other respects. No subject had severe hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Injection of 70/30 insulin before supper safely restored glycemic control of type 2 diabetes not controlled by glimepiride alone. Control was restored more rapidly and with less injected insulin when glimepiride was continued.
Recalls and Safety Alerts Involving Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Generators
Authors: William H. Maisel
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextUnanticipated pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) generator malfunctions sometimes warrant recall by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Despite increasingly frequent device implantation, pacemaker and ICD recalls and safety alerts (advisories) remain poorly characterized.ObjectivesTo determine pacemaker and ICD generator advisory rates in the United States, to identify trends in these rates, and to examine their clinical and financial implications.Design and SettingAnalysis of weekly FDA Enforcement Reports issued between January 1990 and December 2000 to identify all advisories involving pacemaker or ICD generators in the United States. Recalls and safety alerts involving lead malfunctions were not included.Main Outcome MeasuresNumber of pacemakers and ICD generators in the United States subject to FDA recall or safety alert in 1990-2000; annual pacemaker and ICD advisory rates in the United States in 1990-2000; and estimated cost of device advisories.ResultsDuring the study period, 52 advisories (median [25th and 75th percentiles], 4 [4 and 7] per year) involving 408 500 pacemakers and 114 645 ICDs (523 145 total devices) were issued. Hardware malfunctions (35 advisories affecting 280 641 devices) and computer errors (10 advisories affecting 216 533 devices) accounted for 95% of device recalls. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were recalled more frequently than pacemakers (mean [SD], 16.4 [1.6] vs 6.7 [0.8] advisories per 100 person-years; P&lt;.001). Between 1995 and 2000, the annual advisory rate increased for both pacemakers (P for trend &lt;.001) and ICDs (P for trend = .02). An estimated 1.3 million device checks and analyses and 36 187 device replacements resulted from the advisories and cost approximately $870 million.ConclusionsPacemaker and ICD recalls and safety alerts occur frequently, affect many patients, and appear to be increasing in number and rate. With the growing number of device implants and expanding indications for device therapy, the number of patients affected by device advisories will likely continue to increase.
Analysis of periarticular bone changes in patients with cutaneous psoriasis without associated psoriatic arthritis
Authors: David Simon, Francesca Faustini, Arnd Kleyer, Judith Haschka, Matthias Englbrecht, Sebastian Kraus, Axel J Hueber, Roland Kocijan, Michael Sticherling, Georg Schett, Jürgen Rech
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Objectives To search for structural bone changes in the joints of psoriasis patients without psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods 55 psoriasis patients without any current or past symptoms of arthritis or enthesitis and 47 healthy controls were examined by high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT scans of the metacarpophalangeal joints. Number, size and exact localisation of erosions and enthesiophytes were recorded by analysing axial scans of the metacarpal heads and phalangeal bases and were confirmed in additional coronal and/or sagittal sections. In addition, we collected demographic and clinical data including subtype, duration and severity of psoriasis. Results Psoriasis patients showed a larger and significantly increased number of enthesiophytes (total number 306; mean±SD/patient 5.62±3.30) compared with healthy controls (total number 138; mean±SD/patient 3.04±1.81, p&lt;0.001). Enthesiophytes were typically found at the dorsal and palmar sides of the metacarpal heads where functional entheses related to extensor and flexor tendons are localised. Bone erosions were rare and not significantly different between psoriasis patients and healthy controls. If present, erosions were almost exclusively found at the radial side of the second metacarpal head in both psoriasis patients and healthy controls. Conclusions Psoriasis patients without PsA show substantial signs of enthesiophyte formation compared with healthy controls. These changes represent new bone formation at mechanically exposed sites of the joint and substantiate the concept of the existence of a ‘Deep Koebner Phenomenon’ at enthesial sites in psoriasis patients.
Glycemic Control and Complications in Type II Diabetes
Authors: Ferdinand E E Van Der Does, Lex M Bouter, Robert J Heine
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

that could change over time (not only in the course of the feasibility study. but also during an ensuing long-term trial). If a significant difference is established at one year, this does not guarantee maintenance of the difference over a longer period of time. For this to occur. a firm grip on both treatment arms is required. On one hand. it is pivotal to prevent so-called contamination. as it reduces the differences between the level of glycemic control in the groups: one may expect that the results of the standard treatment gradually come closer to those of the intensive treatment. On the other hand, it cannot be excluded that glycemic control during standard treatment would not be good enough to reach even acceptable levels. In this latter case. the real question—which level of glycemic control is necessary to prevent complications—cannot be answered. Both scenarios illustrate the necessity of having strict control over both arms of the study. As a consequence of our view concerning these two potential problems. we have chosen a study design that differs from that of the VA CS Group on the following points: All participating type Il diabetic patients are treated by their own general practitioner according
Abstract 668: Synergistic Bcr/Abl degradation effect is triggered by MB12066 with NQO2 inhibitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Hyun-Joo Kwon, Jun-Young Heo, Ji-Hoon Park, Kang-Sik Seo, So-Yeon Shin, Kaipeng Jing, Kyoung-Sub Song, Jong-il Park, Wan-Hee Yoon, Kyu Lim, Byung-Doo Hwang, Gi-Ryang Kweon
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Mutations of Bcr-Abl protein reduce the sensitivity of imatinib treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The resistance against imatinib treatment to CML patients needs to develop another target drug of Bcr-Abl through a novel mechanism. In present study, we investigated the effect of MB12066, small molecule related to quinone derivatives, on k562 cells (CML cell line) and the expression level of Bcr-Abl protein down regulated by MB12066. When k562cells were treated with MB12066, dose-and time-dependent Bcr-Abl degradation was detected, followed by decreasing of procaspase-3 and cleavage of PARP, which represent apoptotic stimuli. Quinone oxidoreductases [NAD(P)H: quinone Oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) and NRH: quinone oxidoreductase2 (NQO2)] are the major enzymes involved in the bioreduction of quinone-containing drugs. We found that MB12066 was a substrate of both NQO1 and NQO2 by examining recycling assay. For the functional study of NQO1 and NQO2 in Bcr-Abl degradation, we used inhibitors for each enzymes, dicumarol, quercetin and imatinib respectively. Interestingly, Bcr-Abl degradation was inhibited by dicumarol, but it was accelerated by quercetin and imatinib. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MB12066 destruct the Bcr-Abl through the NQO1 and NQO2 activity and it may show the possibility that combination therapy with NQO2 inhibitor may be beneficial for treating CML patients. * H.J. Kwon and J.Y. Heo contributed equally to this work. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 668.
The challenge of establishing preclinical models for segmental bone defect research
Authors: Johannes C. Reichert, Siamak Saifzadeh, Martin E. Wullschleger, Devakara R. Epari, Michael A. Schütz, Georg N. Duda, Hanna Schell, Martijn van Griensven, Heinz Redl, Dietmar W. Hutmacher
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Are sickle cell disease patients with stroke genetically predisposed to the event by inheriting a tendency to high tumor necrosis factor levels?
Authors: James E. Carroll, Virgil McKie, Abdullah Kutlar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The letter published in the November 1997 issue, regarding simultaneous occurrence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) and factor VIII inhibitors [1,2], is very interesting.We agree with Dr. D.A. Triplett that it is of critical importance to differentiate an LA from a factor VIII inhibitor.Strict observance of the criteria recommended by the SSC Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Phospholipid-Dependent Antibodies [3] is essential for this purpose.More than one test, with different assay principles, is necessary to screen for an LA, mainly in patients with other simultaneous coagulation defects, such as a neutralizing inhibitor or a factor deficiency.In a recently published study of 170 consecutive hemophilia A patients, we found 36 hemophiliacs who fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of LA, 18 of them with a time-dependent effect.It is possible that subjects with a strong time-dependent effect may have both a factor VIII inhibitor and an LA (n ‫ס‬ 12) [4].LAs were diagnosed based mainly on diluted Russell viper venom time (dRVVT).The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is affected by factor VIII inhibitors; however, the platelet neutralization procedure of the APTT showed similar results to those obtained for dRVVT, except in three patients with positive dRVVT, for whom the shortening of the PNP was not sufficient to be considered positive.In our study, the StaclotLA results agreed with those from dRVVT; 8/8 were positive on LAs and 3/3 were negative on factor VIII inhibitors.We believe that factor VIII inhibitors could be masked by LA and the misdiagnosis could delay the prescription of the appropriate therapy [5].The above evidence stresses the need to develop a specific test to identify factor VIII inhibitors without interference of LA, and vice versa.
An account of the locus equation phenomenon based on speech movement planning
Authors: Frank H. Guenther
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

An alternative account of the locus equation phenomenon based on recent theories of speech movement planning is provided. It is similar to Sussman et al.'s account in positing that our productions are tuned to satisfy auditory constraints. It differs by suggesting that the locus equation effect may be an epiphenomenon of a planning process that satisfies simpler auditory constraints.
Beyond insulin resistance in NASH: TNF-? or adiponectin?
Authors: Jason M. Hui, Alex Hodge, Geoffrey C. Farrell, James G. Kench, Adamandia Kriketos, Jacob George
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Adiponectin has antilipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, while tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) reduces insulin sensitivity and has proinflammatory effects. We examined (1) the extent to which hypoadiponectinemia and TNF-α activation are features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and (2) whether serum levels of these markers correlate with the severity of histological changes in 109 subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including 80 with NASH and 29 with simple steatosis. By multivariate analysis, subjects with NASH had reduced adiponectin level and increased TNF-α and soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNFR2)—but not leptin levels, compared with controls matched by age, sex, and body mass index; these differences were independent of the increased insulin resistance (by homeostasis model [HOMA-IR]) in NASH. When compared with simple steatosis, NASH was associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher HOMA-IR, but there were no significant differences in the levels of TNF-α and sTNFR2. The majority of subjects with steatohepatitis (77%) had adiponectin levels less than 10 μg/mL and HOMA-IR greater than 3 units, but only 33% of those with pure steatosis had these findings. HOMA-IR and low serum adiponectin were also independently associated with increased grades of hepatic necroinflammation. In conclusion , hypoadiponectinemia is a feature of NASH independent of insulin resistance. Reduced adiponectin level is associated with more extensive necroinflammation and may contribute to the development of necroinflammatory forms of NAFLD. (Hepatology 2004;40:46-54.)
Silicone Implants and Esophageal Dysmotility
Authors: Jonathan A. Flick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The association between silicone breast implants and the development of rheumatic disease in their recipients has been suggested by a growing number of case reports.<sup>1,2</sup>Although prospective studies of implant recipients are awaited to confirm and quantify the risk of autoimmune disease associated with silicone breast prostheses, available evidence was considered sufficient to prompt the Food and Drug Administration's January 1992 request for a voluntary moratorium on further implantation of these devices and subsequent policy restricting implant availability to controlled, clinical trials. A variety of rheumatologic diseases have been reported among implant recipients, with a high proportion of patients displaying a sclerodermalike illness. Pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown. Bleeding of silicone out of implants into periprosthetic tissues, as well as migration to more distant sites including regional lymphoid tissue, is known to occur. The potential for initiating a systemic immune response therefore exists, although most women with silicone breast implants