tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF GALLSTONE DISEASE.
Authors: REYNOLD WEBB WILCOX
Journal: JAMA (1906)

If one should formulate his conclusions from the reading of current medical literature, he would likely be of the opinion that my paper would be, of necessity, an extremely brief one. However, voluminous as is the surgical literature on gallstones, a careful consideration of the subject leads me to place surgery as adapted only to gallstones of gall-bladder origin, and then only under conditions which demand mechanical relief—obviously a very small part of the subject of gallstone disease which is almost entirely medical. When we consider that postmostem records prove that from 6 to 10 per cent. of all cadavers show the presence of gallstones— three-quarters of these being in persons over 40 years old—and that not more than one person in twenty who carries a gallstone becomes aware of its presence through any symptoms which it may cause, and of those whose symptoms have attracted attention, not all require
Overweight, Obesity, and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Allan Ramos-Esquivel
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Group to vet any plans to close psychiatric hospitals in Britain
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Plans to close psychiatric hospitals are to be vetted to help ensure that adequate community mental health services are organised in advance, health minister Paul Boateng announced last week.

A new body, the Independent Reference Group, will provide ministers with advice on the appropriateness of such closures, as well as providing guidance on reducing the stigma of mental …
OPERATION FOR THE RELIEF OF VALVEFORMATION AND STRICTURE OF THE URETER IN HYDROOR PYONEPHROSIS.
Authors: CHRISTIAN FENGER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

In all cases of pyonephrosis we may expect to find some obstruction to the flow of urine either in the renal pelvis, the ureter, the bladder or the urethra. If the obstruction is external to the ureteral opening in the bladder, the pyonephrosis is double; if on one side, the obstruction must be in the ureter or the pelvis of the kidney. Lumbar nephrotomy for pyonephrosis has a mortality of 23.3 per cent., and primary lumbar nephrectomy a mortality of 34 per cent. (Tuffier.) Secondary nephrectomy must be made to close the fistula after some time has passed, but this should not be delayed until amyloid nephritis of the other kidney has set in. The mortality from this operation is low, 5.9 per cent. If we add the 5.9 per cent, mortality from secondary nephrectomy to the 23.3 per cent, mortality from primary nephrotomy, the total of 29.2 per cent,
Myocardial Infarction Patients during the Prodromal and Acute Phase: A Comparison with Patients with a Diagnosis of ‘Noncardiac Chest Pain’
Authors: R. Beunderman, D.J. Duyvis
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

Symptoms as reported by myocardial infarction (MI) patients are not easily distinguishable from the symptoms reported by patients with a diagnosis of 'noncardiac chest pain' (NCCP) (hyperventilation and/or functional complaints). MI patients and patients with a diagnosis of NCCP were questioned by means of a structured interview in order to determine what symptoms they had perceived during the prodromal and the acute phase. In the acute phase, more MI patients reported pain in the center of the chest than did NCCP patients. In both the acute and the prodromal phase NCCP patients reported the following atypical symptoms more often than the MI patients: palpitations, tingling of fingers, and 'numb feelings' in arms and legs. The duration of the prodromal pain attacks of the NCCP patients varied from a few minutes to several hours (median: more than half an hour), the MI patients reported a shorter duration of prodromal pain attacks (median: 10 min).
Modulation of Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels Induces Cardiogenesis of Pluripotent Stem Cells and Enrichment of Pacemaker-Like Cells
Authors: Alexander Kleger, Thomas Seufferlein, Daniela Malan, Michael Tischendorf, Alexander Storch, Anne Wolheim, Stephan Latz, Stephanie Protze, Marc Porzner, Christian Proepper, Cornelia Brunner, Sarah-Fee Katz, Ganesh Varma Pusapati, Lars Bullinger, Wolfgang-Michael Franz, Ralf Koehntop, Klaudia Giehl, Andreas Spyrantis, Oliver Wittekindt, Quiong Lin, Martin Zenke, Bernd K. Fleischmann, Maria Wartenberg, Anna M. Wobus, Tobias M. Boeckers, Stefan Liebau
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Ion channels are key determinants for the function of excitable cells, but little is known about their role and involvement during cardiac development. Earlier work identified Ca 2+ -activated potassium channels of small and intermediate conductance (SKCas) as important regulators of neural stem cell fate. Here we have investigated their impact on the differentiation of pluripotent cells toward the cardiac lineage. Methods and Results— We have applied the SKCa activator 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone on embryonic stem cells and identified this particular ion channel family as a new critical target involved in the generation of cardiac pacemaker-like cells: SKCa activation led to rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation, and diminished teratoma formation. Time-restricted SKCa activation induced cardiac mesoderm and commitment to the cardiac lineage as shown by gene regulation, protein, and functional electrophysiological studies. In addition, the differentiation into cardiomyocytes was modulated in a qualitative fashion, resulting in a strong enrichment of pacemaker-like cells. This was accompanied by induction of the sino-atrial gene program and in parallel by a loss of the chamber-specific myocardium. In addition, SKCa activity induced activation of the Ras-Mek-Erk signaling cascade, a signaling pathway involved in the 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone–induced effects. Conclusions— SKCa activation drives the fate of pluripotent cells toward mesoderm commitment and cardiomyocyte specification, preferentially into nodal-like cardiomyocytes. This provides a novel strategy for the enrichment of cardiomyocytes and in particular, the generation of a specific subtype of cardiomyocytes, pacemaker-like cells, without genetic modification.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Inflammation and Metabolic Disorder through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Yiqing Yan, Wei Jiang, Thibaud Spinetti, Aubry Tardivel, Rosa Castillo, Carole Bourquin, Greta Guarda, Zhigang Tian, Jurg Tschopp, Rongbin Zhou
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging reveals marked abnormalities of brain tissue density in patients with cirrhosis without overt hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Mónica Guevara, María E. Baccaro, Beatriz Gómez-Ansón, Giovanni Frisoni, Cristina Testa, Aldo Torre, José Luis Molinuevo, Lorena Rami, Gustavo Pereira, Eva Urtasun Sotil, Joan Córdoba, Vicente Arroyo, Pere Ginès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Abstract P1-01-12: Intraoperative detection of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients using ultrasonography-guided direct indocyanine green dye-marking by real-time virtual sonography constructed with three-dimensional computed tomography-lymphography
Authors: S Yamamoto, K Maeda, N Maeda, K Yoshimura, M Oka
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to determine the utility of ultrasonography (US)-guided direct dye-marking of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) by real-time virtual sonography (RVS) constructed with three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT)-lymphography (LG). Patients and Methods: We identified SLNs in 258 clinically node-negative breast cancer patients using an RVS system to display in real time a virtual multiplanar reconstruction CT image obtained from CT volume data corresponding to the same cross-sectional image from US. CT volume data were obtained using our original 3D CT-LG, which accurately detects SLNs in breast cancer. We then perform US-guided dye-marking close to SLNs using indocyanine green (ICG). Subsequently, indigo carmine blue dye was injected into the subareolar and peritumoral areas around each primary tumor. All patients underwent SLN biopsy and SLN metastases were examined pathologically. Results: In all 258 patients, we were able to detect the same SLNs visualized on 3DCT-LG, using the RVS system. We detected ICG close to SLNs in 257 of 258 patients (99.6%) during SLN biopsy. In 25 patients (9%), we failed to follow the blue lymphatic route stained by indigo carmine and SLNs were not stained by indigo carmine, but easily detected SLNs by ICG marking. Conclusion: US-guided direct ICG dye-marking of SLNs using this RVS system seems useful for the detection of SLNs, allowing easy detection of SLNs even when the stained lymphatic route is not followed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-01-12.
Leprosy Village Control
Authors: Richard S. Buker
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  The letter of Dr. H. W. Wheate of Tanganyika concerning his objections to village segregation for his area (195:595,1966) is probably right to a certain degree. The leprosy village plan has not been presented as a solution where other plans are proving successful. Nor is the village plan necessary where there are fewer than 10,000 cases in the area being controlled. The village isolation plan has been presented for those areas where leprosy is a major problem and all tried plans have not yet been able to reduce the incidence of leprosy after 20 or more years. It is especially adaptable in Burma, Thailand, Indochina, India, Africa, and various island areas. Often there are not enough doctors in a whole country (such as India) to staff adequately an intensive control program.  Dr. Wheate took exception to my statement that leprosy control depends upon treatment sufficiently long
Lowering of Serum Cholesterol by the Administration of a Plant Sterol
Authors: MAURICE M. BEST, CHARLES H. DUNCAN, EDWARD J. VAN LOON, JOAN D. WATHEN
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The plant sterol, beta-sitosterol, has been administered to nine subjects on unrestricted diet. A sustained reduction of serum total cholesterol and a lowering of the ratio of cholesterol to lipid phosphorus occurred. Interference by sitosterol with the absorption of cholesterol, both dietary and that excreted into the gastrointestinal tract, is presumably responsible for this hypocholesterolemic effect. No toxic or undesirable side effects were observed. A means of studying the effects of a sustained lowering of serum cholesterol on atherosclerotic states would now seem to be available.
Relation of Body Weight to Development of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: WILLIAM B. KANNEL, E. JOSEPH LEBAUER, THOMAS R. DAWBER, PATRICIA M. MCNAMARA
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Interrelationships between weight change, serum cholesterol, blood pressure levels, and the risk of developing coronary heart disease have been explored in 5,127 men and women who have been followed over 12 years for signs of initial development of coronary heart disease. Antecedent relative weight and weight gain after age 25 years proved to be strongly related to risk of angina pectoris and sudden death but were unassociated with development of myocardial infarction. An excess risk of angina pectoris and sudden death appeared to exist in obese men both with and without elevations of blood pressure and serum cholesterol, indicating an independent contribution of obesity to the rate of development of these manifestations of coronary heart disease. Unless accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and serum cholesterol level, obesity appeared to play a negligible role in women. Subjects with both these predisposing factors and obesity had a pronounced increase in risk, greater than that associated with either factor alone. The data suggest that overweight may be instrumental in bringing out symptoms of angina pectoris or in precipitating sudden death by imposing an increased workload on a heart with an already compromised coronary circulation.
Opioid bliss as the felt hedonic core of mammalian prosociality – and of consummatory pleasure more generally?
Authors: Leonard D. Katz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Depue &amp; Morrone-Strupinsky’s (D&amp;M-S’s) language suggests that, unlike Kent Berridge, they may allow that the activity of a largely subcortical system, which is presumably often introspectively and cognitively inaccessible, constitutes affectively felt experience even when so. Such experience would then be phenomenally conscious without being reflexively conscious or cognitively access-conscious, to use distinctions formulated by the philosopher Ned Block.
Adding rifaximin to lactulose increased reversal and decreased mortality in hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Kris V. Kowdley, Blaire E. Burman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Sharma BC, Sharma P, Lunia MK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:1458-63. 23877348
Ga-67 Citrate and Tc-99m MDP Uptake in Peritoneal Metastases From a Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma of Gynecologic Origin
Authors: SERGEY BYKOV, IZAK GARTY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

The authors present an unusual case of visualization of intraperitoneal metastases by a combination of gallium and bone scans in a patient with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the uterus, 21 years after successful radiotherapy.
Neither dorsal root nor baroreceptor afferents are necessary for eliciting the renal responses to acute intravascular volume expansion in the primate Macaca fascicularis.
Authors: J P Gilmore, T V Peterson, I H Zucker
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We determined the contribution of the dorsal roots, vagi, and sino-aortic nerves to the renal responses to acute isotonic, isooncotic intravascular volume expansion in the nonhuman primate, Macaca fascicularis. Expansion of the estimated blood volume by 15% produced a significant natriuresis and diuresis. There was no significant difference between the time to peak response for either. Neither dorsal rhizotomy (C6-T7) nor vagotomy and sino-aortic denervation had a significant effect on these responses. We conclude that these pathways are not necessary for eliciting the renal responses to hypervolemia in the nonhuman primate.
Murine liver antigen presenting cells control suppressor activity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Christiane Wiegard, Christian Frenzel, Johannes Herkel, Karl-Josef Kallen, Edgar Schmitt, Ansgar W. Lohse
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are important mediators of peripheral immune tolerance; however, whether Treg participate also in hepatic immune tolerance is not clear. Therefore, we tested the potential of Treg to suppress stimulation of CD4+ T cells by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), Kupffer cells (KC), or hepatocytes. In the absence of Treg, all 3 types of liver cells could stimulate CD4+ T cell proliferation; in the presence of Treg, however, CD4+ T cell proliferation was suppressed. Interaction with KC even stimulated the expansion of the Treg population; LSEC or hepatocytes, in contrast, could not induce proliferation of Treg. Because liver inflammation can be induced by infection, we tested the potential of liver cells to modify Treg suppressor activity in the presence of microbial signals. In the presence of immune-stimulatory CpG-oligonucleotides, LSEC, KC, and hepatocytes could indeed overcome Treg-mediated suppression; in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), however, only KC and hepatocytes, but not LSEC, could overcome Treg suppressor activity. Hepatocytes from mice with deficient toll-like receptor-4 signaling failed to abrogate Treg suppression in response to LPS, indicating that overcoming Treg suppressor activity was indeed a response of the liver cell and not of the Treg. In conclusion , Treg can suppress CD4+ T cell stimulation by liver cells. However, in response to microbial signals, the liver cells can overcome the suppressive activity of Treg. Thus, liver cells may facilitate the transition from hepatic immune tolerance to hepatic inflammation by controlling Treg suppressor activity. (Hepatology 2005;42:193–199.)
Epidemiology of Women With AIDS in the United States, 1981 Through 1990
Authors: Tedd V. Ellerbrock
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In the United States, women account for an increasing number and percentage of adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Overall, 51% of women with AIDS were infected through intravenous drug use and 29% through heterosexual contact; the proportion of intravenous drug users decreased, while the proportion attributed to heterosexual contact increased, between 1986 and 1990. Most women with AIDS were black or Hispanic (72%); residents of large metropolitan areas (73%), especially cities along the Atlantic coast; and of reproductive age (15 to 44 years) (85%). However, the proportion of women with AIDS reported by smaller cities and rural areas has increased from 22% in 1986 to 28% in 1990. The male-to-female ratio of heterosexuals with AIDS has remained about 2.4:1 since 1987. A comparison of women with AIDS to heterosexual men with AIDS showed that these two groups were similar by age, race, and geographic distribution. Also, survival times from AIDS diagnosis to death for women and heterosexual men with AIDS were not significantly different.
Treatment of metastatic breast cancer by combination of chemotherapy and photothermal ablation using doxorubicin-loaded DNA wrapped gold nanorods
Authors: Dangge Wang, Zhiai Xu, Haijun Yu, Xianzhi Chen, Bing Feng, Zhirui Cui, Bin Lin, Qi Yin, Zhiwen Zhang, Chunying Chen, Jun Wang, Wen Zhang, Yaping Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Textbook of Endocrinology
Authors: Sheldon S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

I received my first Williams'<i>Textbook of Endocrinology</i>(third edition) as a gift from my wife in 1964.I recall the excitement of reading that textbook for the first time as a junior medical student and managed to proceed from first page to last with some difficulty, but to my great benefit. I am sure that this now classic text has introduced generations of medical students to the field of endocrinology and has led many to select a career in related areas. I have now had the opportunity to read editions 4, 5, and 6. Each edition has increased the number of contributors, and now the sixth edition is written by 49 leading authorities. Although the authorities assembled for this textbook are truly a "who's who" in endocrinology, the book suffers some disorganization and at times a certain lack of clinical focus. I find that house officers increasingly turn to competing
OC-060 Survival after downstaging chemotherapy for initially un-resectable colorectal liver metastases: experience from a UK resection centre
Authors: G R Irving, J P Tiernan, C D Briggs, M Peterson, I C Cameron
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Liver metastases occur in ∼50% of patients with colorectal cancer. Only 20% of patients present with disease that is suitable for resection, the only hope of cure. In selected patients, chemotherapy may downstage inoperable liver-limited disease such that potentially curative resection becomes feasible. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients referred to the regional Multi-Disciplinary Team (October 2001–June 2008) were considered for downstaging chemotherapy if they had inoperable liver-limited disease and were fit enough for resection. Two-weekly FOLFOX chemotherapy was administered and response assessed by 3 monthly CT scan. Disease having a partial response but remaining unresectable received further chemotherapy and reassessment by CT. Patients in whom R0 resection was thought feasible were offered surgery. Morbidity and mortality data were collected. Mortality was cross-referenced with the Cancer Registry. Overall (OS), post-operative (POS) and disease free survival (DFS) were calculated using SPSS (medians/range/Kaplan–Meier survival curves). OS was calculated from the onset of chemotherapy and based on intention to treat. Additional univariate analysis has been performed. <h3>Results</h3> 104 patients commenced downstaging chemotherapy (median six cycles): one died after the 3rd cycle (cardiac), 28 had no response, 56 had a degree of response and 19 had near complete regression. Eventually, 56 patients remained unresectable and 47 had a disease response deemed resectable and were offered surgery. Of these 47 patients, seven declined or became unfit for surgery and 40 proceeded to an operation, of which 36 underwent resection. In four, liver resection was abandoned due to additional disease found at surgery. Peri-operative morbidity was 63% and 30-day mortality was zero. Mortality of patients receiving only chemotherapy was 100% and median OS 14 months (range 3–64 months) compared to a median OS for the 40 patients undergoing laparotomy of 39 months (10–98) with an estimated 20% 5-year survival rate. The 10 surviving patients (25%) have been followed up for a median of 63.5 months (36–90). 7/36 patients (19.4%) remain disease free with median OS 85 months (40–98). 29/36 patients (80.6%) have recurred, all within 24 months of surgery (median DFS 7 months) but with median OS 35 months (10–73) and 4/29 (14%) surviving &gt;5 years. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Liver resection after downstaging chemotherapy is safe, feasible and improves median survival. 80% of patients had recurring disease, all within 2 years, however a significant survival benefit occurred in this group compared to patients who could not be offered surgery. The proportion of patients remaining disease free (19.4%) is lower than would be expected in a group with initially resectable disease. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
The Stigma of Mental Illness — Smallpox Tragedy — An Expedition to Bath
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

MENTAL illness has long carried a stigma that society has been slow to eradicate. Furthermore, since many mentally ill patients are unable to communicate normally, and others may be violent or disturbed, there is a distinct chance that they may be deprived of their civil rights in matters pertaining to their treatment and confinement to hospitals. Although in Britain it is now accepted policy that, whenever possible, mentally sick patients should be admitted to psychiatric units of general hospitals rather than confined in large mental institutions, the mentalhealth service remains one of the most seriously underfinanced and isolated sectors of . . .