tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase by Radioimmunoassay-Reply
Authors: M. Scott Stirton
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> As suggested by Dr Klein and as we noted, clinical stage A and B cases often advance in stage when staged pathologically. Our assertion that the prostatic acid phosphatase radioimmunoassay could be a useful staging adjunct applies particularly to those clinical stage A and B cases that have an elevated serum level of acid phosphatase. Our experience, like Dr Klein's, suggests that such patients are likely to have more advanced disease than suspected clinically. Our study findings are consistent with this view in that none of the seven pathologically staged A and B cases had a positive test result. As we stated, because the pathological stages of the A and B cases with positive test results were not available to us, additional work is needed. For the present, a positive test occurring in a patient with apparent early stage disease should be viewed as an ominous sign, possibly
Synopsis of Pathology
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<b>Dynamic Pathology: Structural and Functional Mechanisms of Disease.</b>By Maurice M. Black and Bernard M. Wagner. 296 pp, 34 illus. $8. C. V. Mosby Co., 3207 Washington Blvd, St. Louis 3, 1964 Generations of medical students have affectionately referred to the<i>Synopsis</i>as "little Anderson," to distinguish it from the larger text which Anderson has edited. The small book continues to be a mine of compact information, making clear the special vocabulary of pathology and presenting excellent illustrations along with the compressed but logical text. The work follows the traditional separations of general and special pathology, with the usual sequences of inflammation, metabolic changes, circulatory changes, and so on. Then follows a discussion of pathological states by organ systems. The emphasis is largely morphologic, in the older tradition. The book, an admirable synopsis, is not intended as a complete text. Quite different is the new<i>Dynamic Pathology</i>. The authors have
Glyceryl trinitrate for prevention of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Y. Bai, C. Xu, X. Yang, J. Gao, D.-W. Zou, Z.-S. Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aims: Although trials evaluating the preventive effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; nitroglycerin) on pancreatitis occurring after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have been reported, there is no agreement as to whether prophylactic GTN treatment can in fact reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of prophylactic GTN with placebo on post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Iron-Dependent Human Platelet Activation and Hydroxyl Radical Formation
Authors: Domenico Praticò, Mehtap Pasin, Orla P. Barry, Andrea Ghiselli, Giuseppe Sabatino, Luigi Iuliano, Garret A. FitzGerald, Francesco Violi
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Iron is an important modulator of lipid peroxidation, and its levels have been associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. Little is known about the possibility that this metal, when released from tissue stores, may modulate the reactivity of blood cell components, in particular platelets. Therefore, we investigated a possible link between iron, oxygen free radical formation, and platelet function.Human whole blood was stimulated with collagen 2 micrograms/mL, and an irreversible aggregation with thromboxane (Tx)B2 formation was observed (15+/-4 versus 130+/-10 ng/mL). Deferoxamine (DSF), a specific iron chelator, and catalase, an H2O2 scavenger, inhibited collagen-induced whole-blood aggregation. The aggregation was accompanied by an increase in hydroxyl radical (OH.) levels (30+/-8 versus 205+/-20 nmol/L dihydroxybenzoates), which were reduced by DSF and by 2 specific OH. scavengers, mannitol and deoxyribose. Iron (Fe2+) dose-dependently induced platelet aggregation, TxB2 formation (6+/-2 versus 135+/-8 ng/mL), and protein kinase C (PKC) translocation from the cytosol to the cell membrane when added to platelets that have been primed with a low concentration of collagen (0.2 micrograms/mL). In the same system, an increase in OH. levels was observed (37+/-12 versus 230+/-20 nmol/L dihydroxybenzoates). Mannitol and deoxyribose, but not urea, were able to reduce OH. formation, PKC activation, and platelet aggregation. Selective inhibition of PKC activity by GF 109203X prevented iron-dependent platelet aggregation without influencing OH. production.The present study shows that iron can directly interact with human platelets, resulting in their activation. Its action is mediated by OH. formation and involves PKC activity. Our findings provide an additional contribution to the understanding of the mechanism(s) by which iron overload might promote atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
The work environment and workers' health in four large office buildings.
Authors: H Jasmine Chao, Joel Schwartz, Donald K Milton, Harriet A Burge
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

We conducted a 1-year epidemiologic study in Boston, Massachusetts, beginning May 1997, to examine the associations between environmental factors and office workers' health. We recruited 98 subjects (81 females and 17 males) in 21 offices in four office buildings. We conducted environmental sampling every 6 weeks and concurrently administered detailed questionnaires to collect information on work-related symptoms, psychosocial factors, and perceptions of the office environments. In multivariate analyses, eye irritation was positively correlated with floor dust [odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.14-1.86] and reported lack of office cleanliness (OR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11-2.08). Nonspecific symptoms were positively associated with unidentified chair fungi (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.11-3.15) and several self-reported conditions, including a history of asthma (OR = 3.15; 95% CI, 1.26-7.87), more people in offices (OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.16-2.51), lack of office cleanliness (OR = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.72-4.73), and low job satisfaction (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06-2.81). Upper respiratory symptoms were positively associated with total fungal concentrations recovered from chair dust (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07-1.70) and the following self-reported conditions: more people in offices (OR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.01-2.08), lack of office cleanliness (OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15-2.30), and jobs frequently requiring hard work (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.05-1.95). This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a clean, uncrowded workspace and the importance of chair fungi as a correlate for health effects.
TCT-191 Long-term Outcomes Of The New Generation Drug-Eluting Stents In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus And Single Vessel Disease
Authors: Chrysoula Patsa, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Anastasios Spanos, Tolis Hlias, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Spread of steroid-containing foam after intrarectal administration.
Authors: D J Hay, H Sharma, M H Irving
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The spread of a steroid-containing foam from the rectum was studied in eight normal controls and eight patients with ulcerative colitis proved by biopsy. A standard dose of foam was labelled with technetium-99m adsorbed on to microspheres of Amberlite resin. Immediately after the foam was administered the extent of spread varied considerably, though in no instance did it extend beyond the rectosigmoid. Further scans at 120 and 240 minutes showed no further spread. It is concluded that a steroid-containing foam has a topical effect only on the rectal mucosa.
World Health Organization responds to Fiona Godlee and Ray Moynihan
Authors: G. M. Reed, T. Dua, S. Saxena
Journal: BMJ (2011)

There is a continuing controversy about the acceptable time-window for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Recent American and European guidelines recommend PPCI if the delay in performing PPCI instead of administering fibrinolysis (PCI-related delay) is &lt;60 min and the presentation delay is more than 3 h. Based on a review of the literature, this viewpoint recommends a revision of the guidelines. The evidence supports an acceptable PCI-related delay of 80–120 min and PPCI as the better reperfusion strategy also in the early incomers. Furthermore, the previous assumption that PPCI is less time-dependent than fibrinolysis is questioned. To maximise the number of patients with STEMI eligible for PPCI the optimal logistic may be to establish the diagnosis in the prehospital phase, to bypass local hospitals and re-route patients directly to catheterisation laboratories running 24/7.
Inhibition of neutrophil migration by etretinate and its main metabolite
Authors: L. DUBERTRET, C. LEBRETON, R. TOURAINE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

By using a very sensitive and reproducible skin chamber technique we have shown that the aromatic retinoid etretinate (Ro 10-9359) and its main metabolite (Ro 10-1670) significantly inhibit the migration of neutrophils from the blood to tissues when applied into skin chambers (0.1 mg/ml) or when given orally (1 mg/kg/day for 8 days) to normal volunteers. This pharmacological property could be closely linked to the antipsoriatic properties of these drugs.
Biosynthetic Human Insulin Improves Postprandial Glucose Excursions in Type I Diabetes
Authors: M. GULAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

To determine if the more rapid absorption of subcutaneously administered human insulin, as compared with animal insulin, would result in an improved postprandial metabolic response, ten persons with type I diabetes mellitus were studied during a fixed meal. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were compared after subcutaneous injections of 0.2 U/kg body weight of regular biosynthetic human insulin or regular purified pork insulin in a double-blind randomized crossover trial. Meal glycemic excursions improved after the administration of biosynthetic human insulin, when compared with purified pork insulin (p < 0.05 at 150, 180, and 210 minutes postprandially). Serum free immunoreactive insulin concentrations were significantly higher after injections of biosynthetic human insulin, and the rate of incremental rise during the first 30 minutes was also greater. Insulin antibody studies showed a strong negative correlation between peak insulin levels and the association constant for the high-affinity-binding insulin antibodies. We conclude that biosynthetic human insulin is more rapidly absorbed after subcutaneous injection than is purified pork insulin, a characteristic that results in improved postprandial metabolic control.
Homogeneous distribution of phosphofructokinase in the rat liver acinus: A quantitative histochemical study
Authors: Wilma M. Frederiks, Frans Marx, Cornelis J. F. van Noorden
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

A quantitative histochemical method was developed for the demonstration in rat liver of the activity of phosphofructokinase, one of the enzymes assumed to be rate-limiting for glycolysis. The procedure was based on the reduction of a tetrazolium salt as final electron acceptor and a multistep reaction using the exogenous or endogenous auxiliary enzymes aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The highest activity was found in unfixed cryostat sections of rat liver when the incubation medium contained 17% (wt/vol) polyvinyl alcohol, 100 mmol/L Tris-maleate buffer (pH 8.4), 20 mmol/L fructose-6-phosphate, 2 mmol/L ATP, 2 mmol/L MgCl2, 5.9 mmol/L NAD+, 0.47 mmol/L 1-methoxyphenazine methosulfate, 5 mmol/L sodium azide and 5 mmol/L Nitro BT. The addition of auxiliary enzymes was not necessary to demonstrate maximum activity in rat liver. The specificity of the reaction was proven by the absence of any specific (test minus control) reaction when the incubation was performed in the presence of 25 mmol/L phosphoenolpyruvate, a competitive inhibitor of phosphofructokinase. Cytophotometric analysis revealed that linear relationships exist between the amount of specific reaction product formed and incubation time and the section thickness. The Km values for fructose-6-phosphate and the Vmax values were not significantly different in periportal and pericentral areas of livers from either normally fed or 24-hr-fasted rats. The homogeneous distribution of phosphofructokinase activity in the liver acinus is in line with biochemical findings using hepatocytes isolated from the two different areas showing that these cells contained similar amounts of enzyme activity. It indicates that either phosphofructokinase is not a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis or the capacity for glycolysis is not different in periportal and pericentral areas of the rat liver acinus. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:634–639.)
BENZOYL PEROXIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF POISON IVY INTOXICATION
Authors: Paul D. Lamson
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Poison ivy and poison oak are said to produce their intoxication by means of toxicodendrol, which becomes inert when oxidized. Various oxidizing agents, such as ferric chloride and potassium permanganate, have been used with some success in the treatment of this intoxication. These substances are applied in solution and their action, especially that of the latter, is of very short duration. It seemed to me that if one could find a dusting powder with oxidizing properties which could be left in contact with the affected part, this would not only destroy any toxin on the surface of the skin but would absorb serum from breaking blisters and continue to act as a store of oxidizing material. Benzoyl peroxide seemed to have almost ideal properties for such a dusting powder. Its pharmacologic properties have been described by Loevenhart<sup>1</sup>as follows: It is a white crystalline, nondeliquescent substance with the formula
Down-regulation of Inhibition of Differentiation-1 via Activation of Activating Transcription Factor 3 and Smad Regulates REIC/Dickkopf-3–Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Yuji Kashiwakura, Kazuhiko Ochiai, Masami Watanabe, Fernando Abarzua, Masakiyo Sakaguchi, Munenori Takaoka, Ryuta Tanimoto, Yasutomo Nasu, Nam-ho Huh, Hiromi Kumon
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract REIC/Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3), a tumor suppressor gene, has been investigated in gene therapy studies. Our previous study suggested that REIC/Dkk-3–induced apoptosis mainly resulted from phosphorylation of c-Jun-NH2 kinase (JNK) in prostate cancer cells. However, the precise mechanisms, especially the molecular mechanisms regulating JNK phosphorylation, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms participating in JNK phosphorylation in the context of a refractory cancer disease, malignant mesothelioma (MM). Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of REIC/Dkk-3 induced apoptosis mainly through JNK activation in immortalized MM cells (211H cells). Interestingly, transcriptional down-regulation of inhibition of differentiation-1 (Id-1) was detected in REIC/Dkk-3–overexpressed 211H cells. Moreover, restoration of Id-1 expression antagonized REIC/Dkk-3–induced JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis. Mutagenesis experiments with the 2.1-kb human Id-1 promoter revealed that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and Smad interaction, with their respective binding motifs, was essential for REIC/Dkk-3–mediated suppression of Id-1 promoter activity. ATF3 activation was probably induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Finally, we showed strong antitumor effects from REIC/Dkk-3 gene transfer into the pleural cavity in an orthotopic MM mouse model. Relative to control tumor tissue, REIC/Dkk-3–treated tumor tissue showed down-regulated expression of Id-1 mRNA, enhanced expression of phosphorylated JNK, and an increased number of apoptotic cells. In summary, we first showed that both ATF3 and Smad were crucially and synergistically involved in down-regulation of Id-1, which regulated JNK phosphorylation in REIC/Dkk-3–induced apoptosis. Thus, gene therapy with REIC/Dkk-3 may be a promising therapeutic tool for MM. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8333–41]
Comprehensive clinical drug information service: first year's experience.
Authors: D M Davies, C H Ashton, J G Rao, M D Rawlins, P A Routledge, R L Savage, J W Thompson, M A Zar
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A comprehensive clinical drug information service, established in the Northern Region in May 1975, is manned by eight doctors--all clinical pharmacologists--and is available 24 hours a day. In the first year of operation 451 inquiries were received, 354 (78-5%) of which were "consultative." Though junior hospital doctors used the service most, almost half of the inquiries about adverse reactions to drugs came from consultants.
Authors' reply on reducing adolescent unintended pregnancy
Authors: A. DiCenso
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Noar points out that control participants in most studies in our systematic review received conventional sex education. 1 2 Therefore, the appropriate conclusion is that more intensive, theory based programmes do not improve outcomes beyond what is achieved by conventional programmes. We agree, and we said so in our paper.2

Noar challenges us to provide an …
Pemetrexed Plus Gemcitabine As First-Line Chemotherapy for Patients With Peritoneal Mesothelioma: Final Report of a Phase II Trial
Authors: George R. Simon, Claire F. Verschraegen, Pasi A. Jänne, Corey J. Langer, Afshin Dowlati, Shirish M. Gadgeel, Karen Kelly, Gregory P. Kalemkerian, Anne M. Traynor, Guangbin Peng, John Gill, Coleman K. Obasaju, Hedy L. Kindler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin is approved for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma and is active in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM). Pemetrexed and gemcitabine are synergistic in preclinical models, but the activity of this combination in MPeM is unknown. This clinical study assessed safety and efficacy of pemetrexed plus gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naïve patients with MPeM.Treatment consisted of gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, and pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) on day 8, administered immediately before gemcitabine. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for six cycles or until disease progression. All patients received folic acid, vitamin B(12), and dexamethasone supplementation. End points included tumor response, toxicity, time to disease progression (TTPD), and overall survival (OS). Disease control rate (DCR) was also calculated.Twenty patients were enrolled between December 2002 and May 2004. The confirmed response rate was 15% (95% CI, 3.2% to 37.9%), with three patients experiencing a partial response. The DCR was 50% (95% CI, 27.2% to 72.8%). The most common grade 3 to 4 nonhematologic toxicities included fatigue (20%), constipation (10%), vomiting (10%), and dehydration (10%). Hematologic toxicities included grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (60%) and febrile neutropenia (10%). One patient death was attributed to treatment. Median TTPD and OS times were 10.4 months and 26.8 months, respectively.The combination of pemetrexed plus gemcitabine was active in patients with MPeM with a notably high incidence of neutropenia. Median TTPD and OS seem promising. This regimen may provide an alternative to standard therapies, especially for patients who cannot tolerate a platinum-based regimen.
Unilateral Paralysis of Cranial Nerves X to XII
Authors: Donald M. Palatucci
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The recent letters by Mayer and Opran (227:326, 1974) and by Chusid (228:28, 1974) remind me of personal experiences with three patients who developed unilateral paralysis of cranial nerves X, XI, and XII.  In the first patient, paralysis developed suddenly, coincident with a pharyngitis and severe cervical lymphadenitis on the side of the paralysis. The second patient had nasopharyngeal carcinoma, documented by biopsy, with metastases to the cervical lymph nodes on the side of the neurologic dysfunction. The third and most recent patient developed paralysis of cranial nerves X, XI, and XII on the left side following a right carotid endarterectomy.  In the first case described, no abnormalities were detected on extensive investigation including pneumoencephalography; the neurologic deficit has remained fixed. The second patient is currently receiving radiation therapy, and his neurologic deficit is stable. In the third patient, intubation for her operation was difficult, and I suspect
Nanoscale-Targeted Patch-Clamp Recordings of Functional Presynaptic Ion Channels
Authors: Pavel Novak, Julia Gorelik, Umesh Vivekananda, Andrew I. Shevchuk, Yaroslav S. Ermolyuk, Russell J. Bailey, Andrew J. Bushby, Guy W.J. Moss, Dmitri A. Rusakov, David Klenerman, Dimitri M. Kullmann, Kirill E. Volynski, Yuri E. Korchev
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Direct electrical access to presynaptic ion channels has hitherto been limited to large specialized terminals such as the calyx of Held or hippocampal mossy fiber bouton. The electrophysiology and ion-channel complement of far more abundant small synaptic terminals (≤1 μm) remain poorly understood. Here we report a method based on superresolution scanning ion conductance imaging of small synapses in culture at approximately 100–150 nm 3D resolution, which allows presynaptic patch-clamp recordings in all four configurations (cell-attached, inside-out, outside-out, and whole-cell). Using this technique, we report presynaptic recordings of K+, Na+, Cl−, and Ca2+ channels. This semiautomated approach allows direct investigation of the distribution and properties of presynaptic ion channels at small central synapses.Video AbstracteyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiJiOWFjNDMyYzM2ODUyMThiNjcxZTg0NGQ3Nzc2OTA4MyIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjc4NTU2MDcyfQ.gweVIcqYp0w_N-8sy9GIJ1B28pKLd0OSacEOmzbF1_w8RmYvB7J5jxSaK-m40c3PbCZqJPY4NUI3zxWpNFahqRR2E1Vu5CBfwZDh5DVqUwmvGizhTk0daKyzD3ovl-MCKDb7yNQ7QhhLNRhpQQf8JSho-jCVCCDFg94IibCdCpxlUyqQbkwBkXq2A_hDL2eGQF8fsxtznchiXQjCB4qoTCuKfKxTIgpcF7ZFvzWpix8DrgLb0H2moTq1xN4gD7PtEaxaJtKqlYUjV6IS73RBt-myvvq7J19XxVCmgtTFSSWOX_nBua8GHKZIDJpLA7OKaMNc8GcpeRff402sYDF4rg(mp4, (64.98 MB) Download video
Thalidomide in the management of epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa
Authors: S. Ozanic Bulic, H. Fassihi, J.E. Mellerio, J.A. McGrath, D.J. Atherton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Thalidomide in the management of epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa Get access S. Ozanic Bulic, S. Ozanic Bulic Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Fassihi, H. Fassihi Genetic Skin Disease Group, St John's Institute of Dermatology, The Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospital Medical School, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.E. Mellerio, J.E. Mellerio Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, U.KGenetic Skin Disease Group, St John's Institute of Dermatology, The Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospital Medical School, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. McGrath, J.A. McGrath Genetic Skin Disease Group, St John's Institute of Dermatology, The Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospital Medical School, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Atherton D.J. Atherton Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, U.K D.J. Atherton. E‐mail: ATHERD@gosh.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 6, 1 June 2005, Pages 1332–1334, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06492.x Published: 01 June 2005 Article history Accepted: 11 October 2004 Published: 01 June 2005