tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects on epidermal DNA synthesis of topically applied cycloheximide
Authors: ROBERT C. MARSHALL, LEONARD G. BROOKES, ANTHONY VIVIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

An animal model for investigating topically applied epidermal cytotoxic drugs to determine optimum therapeutic doses and schedules is described. It is used here to examine the effects of cycloheximide on epidermal DNA synthesis, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation in vivo, in terms of dose/response and activity/time profiles and potential systemic toxicity.
A polymorphism rs17336700 in the <i>PSMD7</i> gene is associated with ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese subjects
Authors: Zhenmin Niu, Rong Lei, Jinxiu Shi, Dazhi Wang, Weihua Shou, Zhimin Wang, Yi Wang, Zhiqin Wang, Wei Huang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Introduction</h3> Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a known risk factor for abnormal cervical cytology and cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate cervical cytological abnormalities and its relation with CD4 (T4 Lymphocyte) count among HIV seropositive women. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a study on 58 HIV positive women referred to Ahvaz Counseling Center for Behavioral Disease, southwest of Iran between 2016 and 2017. Pap smear was performed for all participants from the cervix and endocervix. Patient’s’ characteristics including age, duration of disease, treatment with anti-retroviral treatment (ART), marital status, number of children, and contraception method were also recorded. Cervical cytological abnormalities reported as Bethesda system (TBS). A regular blood sample was taken from all the patients to evaluate the CD4 cells counts. Logistic regression models were used to obtain OR of presences of cytological abnormalities related to CD4 counts, controlling for important factors. <h3>Results</h3> Out of 58 patients only 5 were not under ART. We demonstrated that 29.3 % of patients had squamous cell abnormalities and these abnormalities, was more prevalent among 30-40 years old patients (70.6%). The prevalence of ASC-US (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance), LSIL (Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions) and HSIL (High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions) were 19.0%, 3.4%, and 6.9% respectively. Overall 9 patients need to repeat Pap smear test. Presence of cervical cytological abnormalities was not associated with the CD4 count, even after adjusting for the variable such age, duration of disease and ART. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We found a high prevalence of ASC-US in HIV-infected women which was independent of age, duration of diseases and history of ART. Though cervical cancer screening in this population might have a substantial public health benefit. <h3>Summary box</h3> - More than 70% of cervical cancers incidences associated with Genital HPV infections - Prevalent of Squamous cell abnormalities among HIV-infected women was about sex time more than general population - We demonstrated that squamous cell abnormalities are more prevalent in middle age women (30 to 40 years) - The high prevalence of Squamous cell abnormalities in HIV-infected women warrants the need for regular Pap smear screening
876-3 The prognostic value of percent heart rate reserve, heart rate recovery, and exercise capacity over myocardial perfusion SPECT in the prediction of cardiac, noncardiac, and all-cause mortality
Authors: Babak Azarbal, Sean W Hayes, Rory Hachamovitch, John D Friedman, Ishac Cohen, Daniel S Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Prevalence of mental disorder in remand prisoners: consecutive case study
Authors: L. Birmingham, D. Mason, D. Grubin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To define the prevalence of mental disorder and need for psychiatric treatment in new remand prisoners and to determine to what extent these are recognised and addressed in prison. <b>Design</b>: Study of consecutive male remand prisoners at reception using a semistructured psychiatric interview. <b>Setting</b>: Large remand prison for men (HMP Durham). <b>Subjects</b>: 569 men aged 21 years and over on remand, awaiting trial. Main outcome measures—Prevalence of mental disorder at reception, prisoners need for psychiatric treatment, identification of mental disorder by prison reception screening, and numbers placed appropriately in the prison hospital. <b>Results</b>: 148 (26%) men had one or more current mental disorders (excluding substance misuse) including 24 who were acutely psychotic. The prison reception screening identified 34 of the men with mental disorder and six of those with acute psychosis. 168 men required psychiatric treatment, 50 of whom required urgent intervention; 16 required immediate transfer to psychiatric hospital. Of these 50, 17 were placed on the hospital wing because of mental disorder recognised at prison screening. <b>Conclusion</b>: Not only is the prevalence of mental disorder, in particular severe mental illness, high in this population, but the numbers identified at reception are low and subsequent management in prison is poor. <h3>Key messages</h3> In this study in Durham prison 26% had a serious mental disorder Only about a quarter of the mentally disordered patients were recognised by the prison doctor and hospital officer Only two fifths of patients who required urgent psychiatric treatment were put into the prison hospital Improved diagnosis of psychiatric illness in prison will greatly increase the pressure on psychiatric beds
Strontium-89 Therapy and Imaging With Bremsstrahlung in Bone Metastases
Authors: MAYUKI UCHIYAMA, HIROTO NARITA, MOTOJI MAKINO, HIROSHI SEKINE, YUTAKA MORI, NOBUYOSHI FUKUMITSU, KENJI KAWAKAMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

The bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical Sr-89 has been used as a palliative treatment for patients with bone pain caused by bone metastases. The authors report the results of nine patients (three with prostate cancer, four with breast cancer, one with thyroid cancer, and one with lung cancer) who underwent therapy with Sr-89 chloride for painful bone metastases, and evaluate Sr-89 imaging with bremsstrahlung. Two levels of dosage (1.5 and 2.2 MBq/kg) were used. Sr-89 imaging was performed in seven patients 1 week after injection. Abnormal uptake was seen in all and was consistent with the results of Tc-99m HMDP imaging. Six patients were assessed at 3 months and three patients toward the time they were terminal; 78% (seven of nine) derived some benefit. Two patients had a favorable clinical response and showed improvement on Tc-99m HMDP imaging.
Beethoven, a mouse model for dominant, progressive hearing loss DFNA36
Authors: Sarah Vreugde, Alexandra Erven, Corné J. Kros, Walter Marcotti, Helmut Fuchs, Kiyoto Kurima, Edward R. Wilcox, Thomas B. Friedman, Andrew J. Griffith, Rudi Balling, Martin Hrabé de Angelis, Karen B. Avraham, Karen P. Steel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
TCT-621 ABSORB Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Scaffold In Coronary Interventions: 12-Months Results Of a Single Center Registry
Authors: Robin Kraak, Mariëlla E. Hassell, Joëlle Elias, Karel T. Koch, Jose P. Henriques, Jan Piek, Jan Baan, Marije M. Vis, Jan G. Tijssen, Robbert J. de Winter, Joanna J. Wykrzykowska
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Maybe general surgery no longer exists as a specialty
Authors: A. D Spigelman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Alzheimer9s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that causes dementia and poses a major public health crisis as the population ages. Aberrant processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is strongly implicated as a proximal event in AD pathophysiology, but the neurochemical signals that regulate APP processing in the brain are not completely understood. Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) has been shown to affect APP processing and AD pathology, but less is known about the roles of specific mAChR subtypes. In this study, we used M<sub>1</sub> mAChR knock-out mice (M<sub>1</sub>KO) to isolate the effects of the M<sub>1</sub> mAChR on APP processing in primary neurons and on the development of amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of AD. We demonstrate that the loss of M<sub>1</sub> mAChRs increases amyloidogenic APP processing in neurons, as evidenced by decreased agonist-regulated shedding of the neuroprotective APP ectodomain APPsα and increased production of toxic Aβ peptides. Expression of M<sub>1</sub> mAChRs on the M<sub>1</sub>KO background rescued this phenotype, indicating that M<sub>1</sub> mAChRs are sufficient to modulate nonamyloidogenic APP processing. In APP<sub>Swe/Ind</sub> transgenic mice, the loss of M<sub>1</sub> mAChRs resulted in increased levels of brain Aβ and greater accumulation of amyloid plaque pathology. Analysis of APP metabolites in APP<sub>Swe/Ind</sub> brain tissue indicates that the loss of M<sub>1</sub> mAChRs increases amyloidogenic APP processing. These results indicate that the M<sub>1</sub> mAChR is an important regulator of amyloidogenesis in the brain and provide strong support for targeting the M<sub>1</sub> mAChR as a therapeutic candidate in AD.
Inhibition of Insulin Secretion by Catecholamines in Pheochromocytoma
Authors: JOHN A. COLWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Abnormal glucose tolerance tests and blunted plasma insulin responses returned to normal in three patients and improved in a fourth after removal of a pheochromocytoma. In two subjects phentolamine restored intravenous glucose tolerance curves to normal and improved the insulin secretion response to glucose. These findings suggest that alpha-receptor stimulation by catecholamines is important in causing glucose intolerance and blunted insulin secretion in patients with pheochromocytoma. Tumor removal was more effective than phentolamine in restoring plasma glucose and insulin levels to normal after glucose administration, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of phenochromocytoma on insulin secretion may not be mediated entirely through catecholamine stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors.
Carbohydrate Loading: A Dangerous Practice
Authors: Gabe Mirkin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In an effort to improve endurance, competitive distance runners engage in a dietary manipulation called carbohydrate loading. Evidently, a limiting factor of endurance is how much glycogen a muscle can bind to itself. Thus, any method that can bind the most glycogen on the muscle should enhance endurance. A few years ago, the noted physiologist Astrand set out to find how he could bind the most glycogen to muscle. He found that by depleting leg muscles and then ingesting a heavy carbohydrate diet, a runner could markedly enhance his endurance. Astrand confirmed these studies by a biopsy assay for glycogen content. <h3>Procedure.—</h3> Seven days before the race of the year, the runner depletes his leg muscles by taking a long run, such as 15.5 km. The next three days he avoids carbohydrates, eating mostly protein. On pre-race days four, three, and two a normal diet is supplemented
Tryptase and other agonists of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) stimulate the generation of inflammatory cytokines from human lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts
Authors: S. Hase, A. Richter, X.Y. Zhou, M. Buckley, A. Aslam, A.R. McEuen, A.F. Walls
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Wound healing in immediately loaded implants
Authors: Georgios E. Romanos
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

The orthopedic field has accumulated ample evidence that bone formation is related to functional loading and in general to physical activity. However, despite evidence that immediately loaded implants can be predictably successful, many clinicians still use the classical (delayed loading) treatment protocol. This paper examines the effects of loading on dental implants and discusses the advantages of immediate loading. The role of loading on augmented alveolar ridges is also addressed and provides evidence that early bone resorption may be controlled when bone is functionally loaded. Similar data are emerging for advanced augmentation techniques in order to control crestal bone loss.
Effects of Endurance Training on Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: ERNEST SALA, JOSEP ROCA, RAMÓN M. MARRADES, JULI ALONSO, JOSÉ M. GONZALEZ de SUSO, ANGEL MORENO, JOAN ALBERT BARBERÁ, JOSEP NADAL, LLUIS de JOVER, ROBERT RODRIGUEZ-ROISIN, PETER D. WAGNER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Physiologic adaptations after an 8-wk endurance training program were examined in 13 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (age, 64 ± 4 [SD] yr; FEV1, 43 ± 9% pred; PaO2 , 72 ± 8 mm Hg; and PaCO2 , 36 ± 2 mm Hg) and in eight healthy sedentary control subjects (61 ± 4 yr). Both pre- and post-training studies included: (1) whole-body oxygen consumption (V˙ o 2) and one-leg O 2 uptake (V˙ o 2leg) during exercise; and (2) intracellular pH (pHi) and inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine ratio ([Pi]/[PCr]) during exercise; and half-time of [PCr] recovery. After training, the two groups increased peak V˙ o 2 (p < 0.05 each) and showed a similar fall in submaximal femoral venous lactate levels (p < 0.05 each). However, control subjects increased peak V˙ e (p < 0.01) and raised peak O 2 delivery (p = 0.05), not shown in patients with COPD. Both groups increased post-training O 2 extraction ratio (p < 0.05). The most consistent finding, however, was in patients with COPD, who had a substantial improvement in cellular bioenergetics: (1) half-time of [PCr] recovery fell from 50 ± 8 to 34 ± 7 s (p = 0.02); and (2) at a given submaximal work rate, [Pi]/[PCr] ratio decreased and pHi increased (p < 0.05 each). We conclude that beneficial effects of training in patients with COPD essentially occurred at muscle level during submaximal exercise.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PROSTATIC ENLARGEMENT.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: WM. T. BELFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The prostate of mammals in general is a purely sexual gland, often separated by a considerable space from the bladder, and entirely independent of this organ; in some animals (<i>e.g.</i>, the ram) the prostate is lacking; in others (the squirrel) it is entirely suburethral. In some mammals, notably man, the prostate presents an intimate anatomic relation with the bladder; its muscular fibers completely encircle the urethro-vesical orifice, and perform the function of a vesical sphincter. The human prostate lies at the junction of the genital and urinary channels, and it is intimately associated in function with both; it, moreover, almost includes that vestige of the Müllerian duct, the prostatic utricle; through it and around it courses the blood to and from the bladder. While the etiology of prostatic enlargement still remains a matter of speculation, it is certain that the earliest clinical symptoms are due to vascular engorgement of the
Basic Contributions to Medicine by Research in Microbiology
Authors: Sidney Raffel
Journal: JAMA (1962)

I VENTURE to predict, as I write this paper, that the roster of speeches by representatives of the various preclinical sciences has already subjected you to considerable repetitiousness in assessing the contributions to medicine of the man-made biologic compartments in which we work and teach. This reflects more than a petty desire of each area to garner for itself as much credit as it can; it reveals an inevitable crumbling of the compartmental walls as the natures of biologic phenomena become clearer. The day of almost complete scientific togetherness is fast approaching, a fact recognized by the current rearrangements of curricula taking place in many schools of medicine.  The heyday of practical contribution by the field of microbiology to clinical medicine in this century occurred during the 1930's and 1940's with the introduction of the antimicrobial agents. The story of the revolution in medical practice occasioned by these developments is
Transformation-dependent susceptibility of rat hepatic stellate cells to apoptosis induced by soluble fas ligand
Authors: WenRong Gong, Adali Pecci, Sylke Roth, Birgit Lahme, Miguel Beato, Axel M. Gressner
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Cytokine-driven activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in tissue injury and inflammation is a key pathogenetic event in liver fibrogenesis leading to an expanded pool of matrix producing myofibroblasts (MFB) which represent the transformed counterpart of HSC. We hypothesize that expansion of the pool of MFB might also be accomplished by modulation of apoptosis, which plays an opposite and complementary role to mitosis in the cellular homeostasis. We characterized the susceptibility of HSC in primary culture and of MFB in secondary culture to apoptosis induced by the soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) and related the effects to the expression levels of Fas (APO-1/CD95) and some major proapoptotic and contra-apoptotic protooncogenes. MFB showed a dose-dependent apoptotic reaction upon exposure to sFasL as evidenced by a strong increase of nucleosomal DNA fragments, loss of cellular DNA, positive TUNEL reaction, and annexin staining. The effect was found only if protein synthesis (cycloheximide) or RNA synthesis (actinomycin D) were arrested. HSC maintained for various times in primary culture were completely resistant to sFasL in combination with cycloheximide, but in late primary cultures (day 7 onward) an increasing susceptibility to sFasL-mediated apoptosis was developed. By semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase staining Fas receptor was identified both in HSC and MFB at comparable expression levels. The expression of the contra-apoptotic protooncogenes bcl-2 and bcl-xl was found to be much stronger in early HSC than in late HSC and MFB as shown by ribonuclease protection assay. The expression of bcl-2 was additionally confirmed by semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Proapoptotic bax was found in comparable quantities at the RNA level in HSC and MFB but at the protein level MFB showed increased bax expression. It is concluded that transformation of HSC to MFB is paralleled by an increasing sensitivity to sFasL-mediated apoptosis, which might be related to a strong decrease of bcl-2 and bcl-xl expression, leading to a preponderance of proapoptotic gene expression in MFB. Modulation of apoptotic susceptibility of transforming HSC could be an important complementary pathway in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
Frequency and cytokine profile of HPRT mutant T cells in HIV-infected and healthy donors: implications for T cell proliferation in HIV disease.
Authors: C Paganin, D S Monos, J D Marshall, I Frank, G Trinchieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

It has been postulated that HIV-infected patients undergo an active production of virus and CD4+ T cell destruction from the early stages of the disease, and that an extensive postthymic expansion of CD4+ T cells prevents a precipitous decline in CD4+ T cell number. Based on the rebound of the CD4+ T cell number observed in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors, it has been calculated that, on average, 5% of T cells are replaced every day in HIV-infected patients. To obtain an independent estimate of the recycling rate of T cells in the patients, we measured the frequency of cells carrying a loss-of-function mutation at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus. Assuming a recycling rate of 5%/d, an accumulation of 2.6 mutations/10(6)/yr over the physiological accumulation was predicted. Indeed, we observed an elevated frequency of HPRT mutants in the CD4+ T cells of most patients with < 300 CD4+ T cells/mm3 of blood and in the CD8+ T cells of most patients with < 200 CD4+ T cells/mm3, consistent with an elevated and protracted increased division rate in both subsets. However, in earlier stages of the disease the mutant frequency in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was lower than in healthy controls. The cytokine production profile of most HPRT mutant CD4+ T cell clones from both healthy and HIV-infected patients was typical of T helper cells type 2 (high IL-4 and IL-10, low IFN-gamma), whereas the cytokine production pattern of wild-type clones was heterogeneous. The cytokine profile of CD8+ clones was indistinguishable between HPRT mutants and wild type. Our data provide evidence of increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recycling in the HIV-infected patients.
494 Analysis of peripheral HCV-specific T cell responses associated with rapid viral decline during PEG-interferon-alfa-2A and ribavirin therapy (DITTO-HCV project)
Authors: G. Missale, M. Pilli, A. Zerbini, A. Penna, A. Orlandini, A. Neumann, M. von Wagner, C. Arvantakis, Y. Lurie, J.I. Esteban, B. Haagman, C. Hezode, M. Lagging, F. Negro, A. Soulier, Y. Homburger, J.M. Pawlotsky, S. Zeuzem, S.W. Schalm, C. Ferrari
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Assessment of Cardiac Wall Motion and Ejection Fraction With Gated PET Using N-13 Ammonia
Authors: Kathleen T. Hickey, Robert R. Sciacca, Sabahat Bokhari, Oswaldo Rodriguez, Ru-Ling Chou, Tracy L. Faber, C David Cooke, Ernest V. Garcia, Kenneth Nichols, Steven R. Bergmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Background: Cardiac gating is not routinely used in cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of assessing regional wall motion, ejection fraction (EF), cardiac volumes, and mass with nitrogen-13 ammonia (N-13 ammonia) at the time of PET myocardial perfusion imaging. Methods: We studied 12 healthy volunteers (mean age, 28 ± 8 years) and 53 patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD) (mean age, 59 ± 11 years). All subjects received a single administration of approximately 600 MBq (16 mCi) of N-13 ammonia intravenously. A 6-minute dynamic scan was performed for quantitative assessment of myocardial perfusion at rest, followed by a separate, 13-minute static scan acquired in the gated mode (8 equal bins). Gated data was imported into the Emory Toolbox. Wall motion was evaluated by dividing the myocardium into 9 anatomic regions graded semiquantitatively. Results: Healthy volunteers had a normal EF (61 ± 6), end systolic volume (ESV) (37 ± 15 mL), end diastolic volume (EDV) (89 ± 25 mL), and cardiac mass (116 ± 18 g). In contrast, patients with CAD showed reduced EF (32 ± 13%) and increased ESV (129 ± 56 mL), EDV (188 ± 68 mL), and cardiac mass (173 ± 45g) (P < 0.001 for each). In patients with CAD, EF measured by gated PET correlated significantly to independent measurements of EF (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Gating of cardiac perfusion images obtained after administration of N-13 ammonia is feasible and appears to be an accurate means of evaluating regional and global cardiac function. Gating can provide important additional diagnostic and prognostic information.
Extent and Prevalence of Illicit Drug Use as Reported by 56,745 Students
Authors: John T. Gossett, Jerry M. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A survey of all junior and senior high students in the nation's tenth largest public school system revealed that 28% reported experimentation with an illicit drug, 8% reported use more than ten times, and 4% reported frequent current use. Of 61 drugs, alcohol, tobacco, glue, marihuana, solvent inhalants, and nonprescription stimulants were most commonly reported. Boys reported more use than girls, upper class students more than lower. Peers were most often the source. The survey appears to reflect high levels of reliability and validity for an approach of this kind. Two repetitions of the survey are planned in the 1970 to 1971 school year.