tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Vascular Responses in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase/Cyclooxygenase-1 Double-Knockout Mice
Authors: Ramona S. Scotland, Melanie Madhani, Sharmila Chauhan, Salvador Moncada, Jørgen Andresen, Holger Nilsson, Adrian J. Hobbs, Amrita Ahluwalia
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Endothelium-dependent dilatation is mediated by 3 principal vasodilators: nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). To determine the relative contribution of these factors in endothelium-dependent relaxation, we have generated mice in which the enzymes required for endothelial NO and PGI2 production, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), respectively, have been disrupted (eNOS-/- and COX-1-/- mice).In female mice, the absence of eNOS and COX-1 had no effect on mean arterial blood pressure (BP), whereas BP was significantly elevated in eNOS-/-/COX-1-/- males compared with wild-type controls. Additionally, endothelium-dependent relaxation remained intact in the resistance vessels of female mice and was associated with vascular smooth muscle hyperpolarization; however, these responses were profoundly suppressed in arteries of male eNOS-/-/COX-1-/- animals. Similarly, the endothelium-dependent vasodilator bradykinin produced dose-dependent hypotension in female eNOS-/-/COX-1-/- animals in vivo but had no effect on BP in male mice.These studies indicate that EDHF is the predominant endothelium-derived relaxing factor in female mice, whereas NO and PGI2 are the predominant mediators in male mice. Moreover, the gender-specific prevalence of EDHF appears to underlie the protection of female eNOS-/-/COX-1-/- mice against hypertension.
Tuberculosis Management in the Mid-1970s
Authors: John H. McConville
Journal: JAMA (1976)

TUBERCULOSIS today is primarily an urban disease, with the lower-income population at greatest risk. Its pathogenesis is well understood and effective chemotherapy regimens exist, yet control of the disease has not been achieved. The inability to identify the disease and provide treatment effectively to those who are at greatest risk of having active tuberculosis is a major stumbling block in the eradication of this infection. Various medical disorders and socioeconomic factors are known to increase the risk of active tuberculosis developing, and the American Thoracic Society has recommended that certain of these groups receive one year of isoniazid therapy.<sup>1</sup>These include household contacts of patients with active cases of tuberculosis, skin-test reactors with a chest x-ray film consistent with nonprogressive tuberculosis who have not previously received adequate chemotherapy and whose sputum is negative at the time of evaluation, persons whose skin tests have converted within two years, and skin-test
Hydraulic water permeability and transepithelial voltage in the isolated perfused rabbit cortical collecting tubule following acute unilateral ureteral obstruction.
Authors: H T Campbell, E Bello-Reuss, S Klahr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Ureteral obstruction affects the kidney's ability to conserve water and sodium. Using the isolated perfused tubule technique, we studied cortical collecting tubules (CCT) taken from rabbits subjected to a sham operation or to 4 h of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Tubules were perfused in the presence of an osmotic gradient directed to promote water movement from lumen to bath, and volume flux (Jv), hydraulic water permeability (Lp), and transepithelial voltage (V1) were determined. In tubules from sham-operated and UUO animals, basal (before exposure to vasopressin) J, and Lp were not different from zero. After addition of 200 microU . ml-1 of arginine vasopressin (aVP) to the bath, Jv and Lp increased to 1.64 +/- 0.23 nl . mm-1 . min-1 and 127.9 +/- 19.8 cm . s-1 . atm-1 x 10(7), respectively, in tubules from sham-operated animals, but not only 0.27 +/- 0.09 nl . mm-1 . min-1 an 18.8 +/- 6.2 cm . s-1 . atm-1 . 10(7) in tubules from UUO animals. Pretreatment with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) or indomethacin in vivo did not prevent the blunted vasopressin response seen in tubules taken from UUO animals. The Jv and Lp responses to the cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogue, 8-Br-cAMP, were also diminished in tubules taken from UUO animals compared with shams. V1, measured during the basal period, was diminished in tubules from UUO kidneys (-5.0 +/- 2.1 mV) compared with shams (-21.9 +/- 4.1 mV), and pretreatment with DOCA did no prevent the effects of UUO on V1. In contrast, tubules taken from animals that received indomethacin prior to UUO developed voltages not different from voltages in tubules taken from sham-operated animals (-17.3 +/- 1.7 mV). We conclude that, although CCT from UUO animals can maintain osmotic gradients, their ability to respond to vasopressin by increasing Lp is impaired by an intrinsic defect located at a step beyond the generation of cAMP, and that prostaglandin inhibition or DOCA pretreatment do not reverse the decreased responsiveness of Lp to aVP. UUO also diminished V1, and this abnormality was prevented by previous treatment with indomethacin, suggesting that prostaglandins may mediate the effect of UUO on V1.
Dietary protein restriction and glomerular permselectivity in nephrotoxic serum nephritis
Authors: Joel Neugarten, Arthur Kozin, Robert Gayner, Robert G. Schacht, David S. Baldwin
Journal: Kidney International (1991)

We have previously demonstrated that long-term dietary protein restriction ameliorates proteinuria and limits glomerular structural injury in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis. In the present study, we examined the influence of short-term dietary protein restriction on glomerular permselectivity. As compared to nephritic rats maintained on a normal protein diet, whole kidney and single nephron hemodynamics were lower in nephritic rats subjected to dietary protein restriction of three days duration (glomerular filtration rate: 0.79 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.46 +/- 0.11 ml/min, P less than 0.003; renal plasma flow rate: 2.50 +/- 0.34 vs. 3.96 +/- 0.38 ml/min, P less than 0.02; glomerular capillary pressure: 44 +/- 1 vs. 53 +/- 1 mm Hg, P less than 0.002; proteinuria: 77 +/- 15 vs. 224 +/- 14 mg/24 hr, P less than 0.01). This was associated with a rise in afferent resistance, from 2.99 +/- 0.77 to 5.45 +/- 0.94 dyn.sec.cm-5, NS. In nephritic rats maintained on 24% protein, fractional clearances were elevated above control values for neutral dextrans with molecular radii exceeding 50 A but were depressed for those with molecular radii below 30 A (P less than 0.05). Dietary protein restriction elevated the fractional clearances of dextrans with radii less than 30 A while depressing the fractional clearances of dextrans with radii greater than 50 A (P less than 0.05). The proportion of glomerular filtrate permeating the shunt pathway was elevated above control values in nephritic rats on the 24% protein diet but declined in those fed the low protein diet (NSN-24%: 0.86%; NSN-6%: 0.31%; control: 0.19%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Magnetic Compression Anastomosis: A Novel Technique for Canalization of Severe Hilar Bile Duct Strictures
Authors: T. Itoi, E. Yamanouchi, T. Ikeda, A. Sofuni, T. Kurihara, T. Tsuchiya, A. Tsuchida, K. Kasuya, F. Moriyasu
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Endoscopic drainage and/or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is essential treatment for obstructive jaundice in patients with malignant hilar bile duct obstruction [1] [2] [3] [4]. On rare occasions, however, it proves impossible to canalize severe bile duct strictures using a combined endoscopic and percutaneous technique. Recently, Yamanouchi's nonsurgical magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) technique was developed to create a sutureless anastomosis between various hollow viscera in conjunction with an interventional radiological technique [5] [6] [7].
The Burden of Responsibility in Suicide and Homicide
Authors: Philip Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1967)

There are 24,000 deaths from suicide annually in the United States and 7,000 from homicide. In addition there are several times as many unsuccessful suicide attempts and attempted homicides, mayhems, and serious assaults and batteries. It is safe to say that a large portion of these involve persons with psychiatric disorders and thus fall under medical jurisdiction. Some of these individuals are overtly psychotic: deluded and hallucinated, or uncontrollably depressed, or assailed by intolerable anxiety, guilt, or hostile feelings. More are acutely neurotic, and their acts may be seen as manipulative gestures, or cries for help, or acting-out maneuvers. A large portion have disordered personalities and faulty character structures, often with alcoholism, narcotic addiction, sexual psychopathy, passive-aggressive disturbance, or emotional immaturity, instability, or inadequacy. Frequent accompaniments are adolescent turmoil, marital discord, school or work problems, chronic or terminal illness, or geriatric disease. Thus the physician has usually been consulted before
O61 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MK-5172 AND MK-8742 ± RIBAVIRIN IN HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1 INFECTED PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS OR PREVIOUS NULL-RESPONSE: THE C-WORTHY STUDY
Authors: E. Lawitz, C. Hezode, E. Gane, E. Tam, M. Lagging, L. Balart, L. Rossaro, R. Ghalib, M. Shaughnessy, P. Hwang, J. Wahl, M.N. Robertson, B. Haber
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Adverse Effect of Topical Fluorinated Corticosteroids in Rosacea
Authors: I. Sneddon
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Fourteen patients suffering from rosacea treated by prolonged topical applications of fluorinated steroids showed adverse effects. Aggravation and extension of telangiectasia occurred in all, and in most cessation of the treatment was followed by severe rebound inflammatory oedema and acute pustular eruption. The telangiectasia cleared or was much improved within three months of cessation of the use of fluorinated steroids. Hydrocortisone did not produce the same effect, and hence it was used, together with oral tetracycline, for treatment.
AIDS-prompted behavior changes reported
Authors: Donald E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Public awareness of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been growing rapidly since 1982. Many authorities have expressed the hope that increased knowledge will lead to a modification of such apparent high-risk behavior as sexual promiscuity among some homosexual men (<i>JAMA</i>1985; 253:3440-3441). Data now suggest that such changes may be under way, at least in certain areas. Answers to a San Francisco questionnaire, obtained in November 1983, indicate that nonmonogamous homosexual men decreased apparently high-risk sexual practices (unprotected anal intercourse, oral-genital contact) during the preceding year (<i>Am J Public Health</i>1985; 75:493-496). Many of the subjects were enlisted from among San Francisco bathhouse patrons. Bathhouses in New York City were the subject of a recent controversy. There, a few weeks ago, the city health commissioner resigned, reportedly after a disagreement with the state health commissioner. The health commissioner who resigned is said to have taken the position that a
Polyclonality among clinical strains of non-pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria: phenotypic and genotypic differences and their potential implications
Authors: M. García-Pedrazuela, J.M. Frutos, M.C. Muñoz-Egea, F. Alcaide, T. Tórtola, A. Vitoria, P. Cortés, J. Esteban
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Venous Levels of Shear Support Neutrophil-Platelet Adhesion and Neutrophil Aggregation in Blood via P-Selectin and β <sub>2</sub> -Integrin
Authors: Konstantinos Konstantopoulos, Sriram Neelamegham, Alan R. Burns, Eric Hentzen, Geoffrey S. Kansas, Karen R. Snapp, Ellen L. Berg, J. David Hellums, C. Wayne Smith, Larry V. McIntire, Scott I. Simon
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —After activation, platelets adhere to neutrophils via P-selectin and β 2 -integrin. The molecular mechanisms and adhesion events in whole blood exposed to venous levels of hydrodynamic shear in the absence of exogenous activation remain unknown. Methods and Results —Whole blood was sheared at ≈100 s −1 . The kinetics of neutrophil-platelet adhesion and neutrophil aggregation were measured in real time by flow cytometry. P-selectin was upregulated to the platelet surface in response to shear and was the primary factor mediating neutrophil-platelet adhesion. The extent of neutrophil aggregation increased linearly with platelet adhesion to neutrophils. Blocking either P-selectin, its glycoprotein ligand PSGL-1, or both simultaneously by preincubation with a monoclonal antibody resulted in equivalent inhibition of neutrophil-platelet adhesion (≈30%) and neutrophil aggregation (≈70%). The residual amount of neutrophil adhesion was blocked with anti-CD11b/CD18. Treatment of blood with prostacyclin analogue ZK36374, which raises cAMP levels in platelets, blocked P-selectin upregulation and neutrophil aggregation to baseline. Complete abrogation of platelet-neutrophil adhesion required both ZK36374 and anti-CD18. Electron microscopic observations of fixed blood specimens revealed that platelets augmented neutrophil aggregation both by forming bridges between neutrophils and through contact-mediated activation. Conclusions —The results are consistent with a model in which venous levels of shear support platelet adherence to neutrophils via P-selectin binding PSGL-1. This interaction alone is sufficient to mediate neutrophil aggregation. Abrogation of platelet adhesion and aggregation requires blocking Mac-1 in addition to PSGL-1 or P-selectin. The described mechanisms are likely of key importance in the pathogenesis and progression of thrombotic disorders that are exacerbated by leukocyte-platelet aggregation.
Lead Poisoning in China
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Metabolic Syndrome in Inuit
Authors: Rebecca L. Pollex, Hafiz M.R. Khan, Philip W. Connelly, T. Kue Young, Robert A. Hegele
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Inuit have been considered to have a lower prevalence of diabetes and age-adjusted mortality from cardiovascular disease than the general population (1,2). This observation has prompted investigation of both traditional and newer cardiovascular risk factors. A new risk cluster called the metabolic syndrome, defined as three or more of 1 ) fasting glucose ≥6.1 mmol/l; 2 ) blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg; 3 ) triglycerides ≥1.69 mmol/l; 4 ) HDL cholesterol  102 cm in men or >88 cm in women (3 …
Use of a multistrain assay could improve the NTP carcinogenesis bioassay.
Authors: M F Festing
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

There are often large strain differences in the response of laboratory animals to toxic chemicals and carcinogens, with some strains being totally resistant to dose levels that cause acute toxicity and/or cancer in other strains. The current National Toxicology Program carcinogenesis bioassay (NTP-CB) uses only a single isogenic strain of mice and rats and may therefore miss some carcinogens. New short-term tests to predict mutagenesis and possible carcinogenesis are validated using data from the NTP-CB. If the animal data are inaccurate, it may hinder this validation. The accuracy of the NTP-CB could be improved by using two or more strains of each species without increasing the total number of animals. It would be possible to continue to use sample sizes of 48-50 animals, but subdivide these into groups of 12 animals of 4 different strains (48 animals total) per dose/sex group, for example, instead of 48 identical animals. This would quadruple the number of genotypes without any substantial increase in cost. Such a multistrain
Does motor mimicry contribute to emotion recognition?
Authors: Cindy Hamon-Hill, John Barresi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract We focus on the role that motor mimicry plays in the SIMS model when interpreting whether a facial emotional expression is appropriate to an eliciting context. Based on our research, we find general support for the SIMS model in these situations, but with some qualifications on how disruption of motor mimicry as a process relates to speed and accuracy in judgments.
Council of Europe urges better palliative care
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

European governments and the medical profession are being urged to give a higher priority to the provision of proper palliative care and the treatment of pain as part of a range of measures to protect the dignity of terminally ill and dying patients. These measures would also include effective social and psychological support for patients and their families.

The recommendations have been made by the Council of Europe, which is based in Strasbourg and has 41 members from …
Interleukin 6. A potential autocrine/paracrine factor in Paget's disease of bone.
Authors: G D Roodman, N Kurihara, Y Ohsaki, A Kukita, D Hosking, A Demulder, J F Smith, F R Singer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Pagetic osteoclasts are greatly increased in number and size and have increased numbers of nuclei per cell compared to normal osteoclasts. The mechanisms responsible for enhanced osteoclast formation in Paget's disease are unknown. We have used our recently described model system for pagetic osteoclast formation to evaluate culture media conditioned by these atypical multinucleated cells (MNC) to determine if pagetic osteoclasts produce an autocrine or paracrine factor that enhances osteoclast formation. Conditioned media from long-term bone marrow cultures from patients with Paget's disease stimulated osteoclast-like MNC formation in normal marrow cultures. At least part of this activity could be ascribed to interleukin 6 (IL-6). In contrast, conditioned media from normal marrow cultures contained lower levels of IL-6 and did not stimulate formation of osteoclast-like MNC. 7 of 8 bone marrow plasma samples taken from involved bones and 18 of 27 peripheral blood serum samples from Paget's patients had high levels of IL-6. Normal marrow plasma and peripheral blood serum had no or very low levels of IL-6. These results suggest that IL-6 produced by marrow and/or bone cells in patients with Paget's disease may be an autocrine/paracrine factor for pagetic osteoclasts.
Influence of Antiarrhythmic Agents on Calcium-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Rat
Authors: MARTIN M. WINBURY, MIRIAM L. HEMMER
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The effect of quinidine, procaine amide and five new antiarrhythmic compounds on calcium-induced arrhythmias in the rat are described. When the compounds prevented fibrillation, the other actions of calcium on cardiac rhythm were revealed.
Beyond phase 3 registration trials: defining safety for triple therapy with protease inhibitors in cirrhosis
Authors: P Ferenci, G Dusheiko
Journal: Gut (2013)

Clinical trials are the standard method for evaluating a new drug for treatment of disease in humans. The phase 3 trial is designed to evaluate a new agent's clinical benefit and possible side effects; as such, it is considered to be the definitive test of the agent's usefulness. While there is no substitute for well-designed phase 3 trials, one should be aware of their limitations.1 Usually, the protocols use very strict selection criteria, creating ‘ideal’ patients, not necessarily reflecting the patient population seen by treating physicians. Good examples were the phase 3 studies for treatment of chronic hepatitis C by triple therapy with peginterferon/ribavirin (PEGIFN/RBV) and a first-generation protease inhibitor (telaprevir or boceprevir). All studies2–5 showed that this treatment augments cure rates substantially but failed to include sufficient patients with the highest need for an effective antiviral therapy, namely patients with advanced cirrhosis.6 In all studies, histologic grades F3 and F4 (according to the METAVIR classification) were grouped as ‘advanced fibrosis’. It should be stressed that F3 is not yet cirrhosis, and F4 is not the same as clinically symptomatic cirrhosis with portal hypertension. …
Extrauterine Pregnancy: Five Months F tus: Placenta Implanted on Anterior Abdominal Wall: Operation: Recovery
Authors: J. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1898)

Such instances as the foregoing seem to me to prove the hereditability of the disease.It is obviously impossible in ;most of them that the malady could have been acquired -from a common source of infection, and no fortuitous circum- stances will explain such concurrences.A remarkable feature about many cases of inherited cancer is that like normal structure it is homotopic in its trans- mission; that is, it attacks the corresponding organ in each of *the related individuals.This is especially noticeable in Sibley's case, where the mother and her 5 daughters all had cancer of the left breast.Although this form of transmission often defaults, it is, nevertheless, noteworthy that on the averagfe-taking all the seats of inherited cancer into consideration-homotopic trans- nission preponderates.Thus my analysis of the family history of 136 women with mammary cancer shows that of the 48 seats of inherited cancer the breast was the part affected in I9.
Act1, a Negative Regulator in CD40- and BAFF-Mediated B Cell Survival
Authors: Youcun Qian, Jinzhong Qin, Grace Cui, Mayumi Naramura, E.Charles Snow, Carl F. Ware, Robert L. Fairchild, Sidne A. Omori, Robert C. Rickert, Martin Scott, Brian L. Kotzin, Xiaoxia Li
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Eczema and race as combined determinants for differential response to step-up asthma therapy
Authors: Jonathan Malka, David T. Mauger, Ronina Covar, Nathan Rabinovitch, Robert F. Lemanske, Joseph D. Spahn, Robert C. Strunk, Robert S. Zeiger, Wayne J. Morgan, Stanley J. Szefler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)