tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The IκB proteins: members of a multifunctional family
Authors: Thomas D. Gilmore, Patrice J. Morin
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1993)

The IκB proteins bind to Rel/NF-κB transcription factors and modulate their activities. Although originally described only as cytoplasmic inhibitors of Rel/NF-κB transcription complexes, it is now clear that IκB proteins also have other functions.
Study shows HPV home testing could improve cervical screening uptake
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

One in 10 women who fail to respond to invitations for cervical screening respond to being sent a self sample human papilloma virus (HPV) test at home, shows a UK study that suggests this approach might help to increase screening.

The study included randomly selected 3000 women from Westminster Primary Care Trust who had not responded to at least two invitations to attend for cervical screening.

Self sample HPV test kits were sent to half of these women, while the …
Relative rates of nuclear DNA evolution in human and Old World monkey lineages
Authors: G. Herbert, S. Easteal
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Rates of substitution were compared between humans and Old World monkeys for sequences in or adjacent to 19 genes. The comparison of 21,299 sites in noncoding regions indicates that the substitution rate is approximately 43% greater in the Old World monkey lineage. However, 83% of the compared sites are in the region of the beta-globin gene family. Outside this region there is no consistent pattern of rate difference between the two lineages. Comparison of the coding regions of 16 genomically dispersed genes, involving 1,592 synonymous sites and 5,275 nonsynonymous sites, showed a faster rate of substitution in the human lineage at the nonsynonymous sites of the prion gene, but otherwise no evidence of rate difference between the two lineages. It is concluded that rate differences between these two lineages may be specific to certain regions of the genome rather than being a general phenomenon. This conclusion needs to be confirmed by comparison of a larger number of genomically dispersed sequences. It is, however, consistent with the results of DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, which show no difference in evolutionary rate between the two lineages.
ON THE ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF HEMLOCK
Authors: C. Cogswell
Journal: BMJ (1853)

cient gratitude has been evinced by the profession, for the time and labour generously and disinterestedly afforded by the many distinguished men, who originated and have con- ducted the affairs of this society.The distribution of patronage, always a very delicate matter, rarely fails to elicit charges ofjobbing and favoritism, however conscientious and careful the patrons may be.It was not, therefore, to be expected that the managers of the Sydenham Society should escape scatheless of such insinu- ations; but these insinuations were groundless.In more than one instance,weknowthat the Council have experienced considerable difficulty in obtaining the services of competent editors; but we have never heard it so much as hinted that, in any case, exception could be taken to the fitness of those that have been entrusted with editorial duties.After all, the main question is, How far does the Society merit the support of the profession ?Does it elevate the literary character of its members, encourage a taste for sound literature, and diffuse valuable works ?If so, it is deserving of all encouragement.British medical literature boasts of some very.distinguishednames; and the writings of Syden- ham, Harvey, and Hewson, are of world-wide reputation.But we much doubt whether this reputation has been more than traditional with the large mass of our profession.Yet, it would be difficult to point out any works better calculated to train and improve the minds of medical men.We think, therefore, that a great boon has been conferred on the pro- fession by the new editions of these works, which have ap- peared and have been distributed under the auspices of the Sydenham Society.
Another Form of Iatrogenic Hypokalemia
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Hoffbrand and Stewart 1 reminded us in 1970 that carbenicillin, after prolonged use, may occasionally provoke hypokalemia in a patient receiving this drug. Many similar reports on occurrence of hypokalemia caused by use of antibiotics have appeared in the world medical literature since that time.  Chesney 2 recently proposed three mechanisms by which excessive loss of potassium may occur: augmented transport of potassium from intracellular fluid into the cells; the loss of potassium from the gastrointestinal tract, caused by either lack of absorption or excessive fluid loss by diarrhea or vomiting; and loss of potassium through the urinary system.  The renal causes of drug-associated potassium depletion involve direct toxic effect of the drug on the renal cells affecting distal nephron sodium potassium exchange, flooding of the distal renal tubule by sodium ions, and increase in the electrical negativity of the lumen of the distal nephron with enhanced potassium resorption.  Chesney
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TREATED WITH PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Maria Louisa Antoni, Roderick W. Scherptong, Jael Z. Atary, Eric Boersma, Eduard R. Holman, Ernst E. Van der Wall, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Expression of a cosmid containing the LCR,Aγ, Δ, and β globin genes in mouse erythroleukemia cells
Authors: Michael Flamm, Katherine Bornschlegel, Shuang Wu, David O'Neill, Arthur Bank
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

A novel method involving the packaging of phage particles was used to introduce cosmids containing components of the human β-globin locus control region (LCR) and the human Aγ, δ, and β globin genes into mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. After stable transfection, MEL clones were selected and analyzed for expression of human genes. Both Aγ and β globin mRNA were expressed in these clones, indicating that MEL cells do not suppress transcription of the human γ globin gene. The variability of human Aγ vs. β globin expression from clone to clone prevents a clear delineation of differences in the expression of these two genes with a cosmid in which a region potentially involved in γ-to-β switching has been deleted. The results suggest that MEL cells are capable of supporting human γ expression, despite their predominantly adult phenotype. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Two years of experience with etanercept in recalcitrant psoriasis
Authors: K. Ahmad, S. Rogers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

The safety and efficacy of etanercept have been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Placebo-controlled trials have indicated the efficacy of etanercept in moderate to severe psoriasis.To observe the efficacy and safety profile of etanercept in patients with severe psoriasis resistant to other systemic agents over a 2-year period.In this retrospective study, 49 patients were treated with etanercept between March 2004 and March 2006. All patients were screened for tuberculosis with tuberculin test and a chest X-ray. Thirty-nine patients started on etanercept 25 mg twice weekly (BIW) and 10 started at 50 mg BIW when judged to be clinically indicated. In 19 of those on 25 mg BIW, the dose was increased to 50 mg BIW because of poor response and psoriasis flaring. Response to treatment was assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and static Physician Global Assessment (PGA). Patients were reviewed at 8-week intervals, when clinical response and adverse effects were noted.Forty-four patients (90%) had chronic plaque psoriasis, two (4%) were suberythrodermic, one (2%) had palmoplantar pustular psoriasis and two (4%) had acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau. At least 75% reduction in PASI was achieved in 47% of patients at week 24 and 66% at week 48. At week 24, 44% had a PGA score of excellent, and at week 48, 58% scored excellent. In 12 who cleared, etanercept was stopped. Ten of these relapsed and etanercept was recommenced, while two remained in remission (mean 12.5 weeks). One patient developed extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Etanercept was effective in severe psoriasis recalcitrant to other systemic medication. The drug was well tolerated. Development of tuberculosis in one patient underlines the need for rigorous tuberculosis screening.
Effects of Ethacrynic Acid (a New Saluretic Agent) on Renal Diluting and Concentrating Mechanisms: Evidence for Site of Action in the Loop of Henle*
Authors: Martin Goldberg, Donna K. McCurdy, Elwood L. Foltz, Lewis W. Bluemle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Ethacrynic acid (MK-595) 1 is a new orally ac- tive saluretic agent structurally unrelated to or- ganomercurial or benzothiadiazine diuretics (2).Its biological properties in experimental animals were first studied by Baer, Russo, Michaelson, and Beyer (3, 4), who reported it to be a natri- uretic drug more potent than chlorothiazide and suggested that it might have a novel mode of action.Clinically, its potency seems to be com- parable to parenterally administered organomer- curials, and it has been effective in patients previ- ously refractory to other diuretics (5, 6).Be- cause of the potential importance of this drug as an effective agent in the treatment of edema, the present study was undertaken to gain knowledge of the site or sites of action of the drug in the human kidney by determining its effects on urinary dilu- tion and concentration.Knowledge of the mechanisms of urinary con- centration and dilution, recently reviewed by Gottschalk (7) and Ullrich, Kramer, and Boylan (8), has provided a basis for studying the locus of action of diuretics in the kidney of intact subjects.In the normal kidney, after reabsorption of approximately two-thirds of filtered sodium and water in isotonic proportions in the proximal convoluted tubule, the remaining urine may be *
British children face changing health risks
Authors: L. Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Britain's children are less likely than ever before to die of infections, genetic diseases, and cancer, says a report published by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. But 7% of 3 year olds living in inner city areas will have moderate or severe behaviour problems, and suicide rates for young men between 15 and 19 have increased by nearly 45% in the past 20 years. One third of children will be smokers by late adolescence (age 16-19), and just under that proportion of boys will drink more than four pints of beer at …
EVANESCENT EPIGASTRIC MASS DUE TO MEDIAL PTOSIS OF KIDNEY
Authors: Francis H. Straus
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Physicians have long been familiar with the physical indications and the much less common disturbances of function accompanying ptosis of a kidney in the vertical plane. Because of the unusual and therefore alarming physical findings that may accompany abnormal medial mobility of the kidney, the following instance appears worthy of being recorded. REPORT OF A CASE A 52-year-old housewife came for examination, giving a two year history of rather typical intermittent distress in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. There had been several episodes of colic, two of which had been followed by questionable slight jaundice. Her history was otherwise noncontributory. Examination showed her to be obese, with a blood pressure of 180/120 mm. Hg and moderate cardiac hypertrophy. There was slight right dorsal, left lumbar scoliosis and moderate tenderness to deep pressure under the right costal margin. The results of the remainder of the examination and routine blood
Blair pledges £150m to support and protect AIDS orphans
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The accumulation of exudates in the air spaces characterizes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and accounts for its dramatic clinicoradiographic presentation. Lung aeration assessed by quantitative computed tomography-based (qCT) can help to assess and monitor ARDS survivors. We aimed to evaluate qCT on follow-up of patients with ARDS and the relationship with concomitant pulmonary function test. METODS: Patients with moderate and severe ARDS were followed-up and evaluated one and two months after ARDS diagnoses with pulmonary function tests (lung volume assessed by body plethysmography) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with ARDS survived after 2 months. Global lung density one month after ARDS was 280.2 mg/cm3 and decrease to 174.7 mg/cm3 two months after ARDS (p &lt; 0.01). Total lung mass has not changed (p = 0.13). One month after ARDS the lung density adjusted for the volume was significantly correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC) (r = -0.68, p &lt; 0,01), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) (r = -0.54, p = 0.02), and total lung capacity (TLC) (r = -0.76, p &lt; 0.01). After two months of ARDS, the lung density adjusted for the volume was significantly correlated with FVC (r = -0.87, p &lt; 0,01), DLCO (r = -0.84, p &lt; 0.01), and TLC (r = -0.83, p &lt; 0.01). The total lung mass was only correlated with TLC one month of ARDS. CONCLUSION: The lung density decreased and is correlated with pulmonary function test results two months after ARDS. In surviving ARDS patients, qCT may be used to evaluate pulmonary dysfunction particularly early in the monitoring when some patients may not be able to perform pulmonary lung tests.
Synaptic dysfunction and septin protein family members in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Mikael Marttinen, Kaisa MA Kurkinen, Hilkka Soininen, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Mikko Hiltunen
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2015)

Cognitive decline and disease progression in different neurodegenerative diseases typically involves synaptic dysfunction preceding the neuronal loss. The synaptic dysfunction is suggested to be caused by imbalanced synaptic plasticity i.e. enhanced induction of long-term depression and concomitantly decreased long-term potentiation accompanied with excess stimulation of extrasynaptic N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors due to various disturbances in pre- and postsynaptic sites. Recent research has identified neurodegenerative disease-related changes in protein accumulation and aggregation, gene expression, and protein functions, which may contribute to imbalanced synaptic function. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms regulating synaptic plasticity in health and disease is still lacking and therefore characterization of new candidates involved in these mechanisms is needed. Septins, a highly conserved group of guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, show high neuronal expression and are implicated in the regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release. In this review, we first summarize the evidence how synaptic dysfunction is related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Then, we discuss different aspects of the potential involvement of the septin family members in the regulation of synaptic function in relation to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Localization of woodchuck hepatitis virus in the liver
Authors: Kenji Abe, Takeshi Kurata, Toshio Shikata
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Localization of woodchuck hepatitis virus in liver tissue from 10 infected woodchucks was investigated immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen was detected by immunoperoxidase methods in the cytoplasm of hepato-cytes with a fine granular and/or inclusion body appearance. Woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen positive hepatocytes were often found in the peripheral zone of hepatic lobules. In contrast to human hepatitis B core antigen, woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen was observed only in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, but not in the nuclei. In hyperplastic foci, woodchuck hepatitis virus antigen-positive hepatocytes were found in 3 of 8 animals. Furthermore, in 1 of 5 animals with hepatocel-lular carcinoma, woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen and woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen were present in carcinoma cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed many filamentous structures (18 to 20 nm in diameter) in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. Noncoated core particles (18 to 20 nm in diameter) were found in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, but not in the nuclei. The coated particles (42 to 45 nm in diameter) were observed in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. These coated particles were shown to be morphologically identical to the virus particles in serum. These results indicate that woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen is produced and assembled mainly in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and seems to be rapidly assembled into virion. The similarity of woodchuck hepatitis virus infection to human hepatitis B virus infection makes the woodchuck an excellent experimental model for the study of hepadna virus onco-genesis.
THE EFFECT OF THEELIN INJECTIONS ON THE CASTRATED WOMAN
Authors: AUGUST A. WERNER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The object of these experiments was to determine the effect of various dosages of theelin on human female castrates of different ages and varying length periods of castration. It was of particular interest to study the effect of this hormone on the subjective symptoms that accompany castration and on the involutionary changes that occur in the breasts and the genital tract following ovariectomy. Stockard and Papanicolaou<sup>1</sup>described an exact method for following the estrual changes in the living guinea-pig by the vaginal smear. This method has been applied to the correlation of the estrual phenomena in the genital organs of the rat<sup>2</sup>and the mouse.<sup>3</sup>Allen and Doisy,<sup>4</sup>employing ovarian follicle fluid from hogs, produced pubertas praecox in immature albino rats. The vagina of the immature rat is completely closed, its external third being a solid cord of cells. They found that the injection of the
PERIORAL DERMATITIS.
Authors: RONALD MARKS, MARTIN M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article PERIORAL DERMATITIS: A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL. STUDY OF 26 CASES Get access RONALD MARKS, RONALD MARKS The Department of Pathology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MARTIN M. BLACK MARTIN M. BLACK The Department of Pathology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 84, Issue 3, 1 March 1971, Pages 242–247, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14214.x Published: 01 March 1971 Article history Accepted: 04 November 1970 Published: 01 March 1971
HIV Testing in Pregnant Women
Authors: Jeffrey G. Wong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 December 1998HIV Testing in Pregnant WomenJeffrey G. Wong, MDJeffrey G. Wong, MDWashington University Medical School; St. Louis, MO 63110Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I agree with Nakchbandi and colleagues [1] that voluntary, not mandatory, HIV testing in pregnant women is the superior policy option. For practicing clinicians to effectively use this analysis, however, epidemiologic and ethical factors not addressed in this analysis must also be considered.Roughly 2 million births occur in the United States each year. With the conservative assumption that 80% of these are single births, 1.6 million pregnant women could be subject to mandatory HIV testing each year. Screening tests for HIV are excellent, with sensitivity and specificity both almost 99%. However, in the general U.S. population, ...References1. Nakchbandi IA, Longenecker JC, Ricksecker MA, Latta RA, Healton C, Smith DG. A decision analysis of mandatory compared with voluntary HIV testing in pregnant women. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:760-7. Google Scholar2. Lo B. Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: A Guide for Clinicians. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington University Medical School; St. Louis, MO 63110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byVoluntary Counseling, Testing, and Referral for HIV: New Technologies, Research Findings Create Dynamic OpportunitiesVoluntary Counseling, Testing, and Referral for HIV: New Technologies, Research Findings Create Dynamic Opportunities 15 December 1998Volume 129, Issue 12Page: 1075KeywordsBirthDecision analysisEpidemiologyFactor analysisHIVInfantsPatient advocacyPositive predictive valuePregnancySpecificity Issue Published: 15 December 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Synthetic hair implantations continue; serious complications result
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1979)

You may recall an article in the Jan 12, 1979, issue of<i>JAMA</i>entitled "Fiber Implantation for Pattern Baldness." The article, complete with photographs, was written by C. William Hanke, MD, and Wilma F. Bergfeld, MD, dermatologists at the Cleveland Clinic. It detailed not only the complete ineffectiveness but some of the dangers of the expensive process of implantation of synthetic "hair" fibers into the heads of 20 patients. The synthetic fibers may be of several types, but as the Food and Drug Administration (in a March letter to persons who had undergone the process and a subsequent press release) has not distinguished between them, all apparently are equally useless and have equal potential for causing grave infections. Surely by now, you say, synthetic fiber implantation "clinics" have been closed down by federal or state action. But no. Although this has occurred in some cases, a number are still operating,
Exercise and Cardiac Death
Authors: Allan J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This is a classical example of a medical non-book. It is a collection of 18 articles, all of which appeared previously in the medical literature. This is acknowledged in the Introduction only in the case of six of the articles, but a diligent search of the lists of references reveals the original sources of the remainder. The only original material is included in the three-page Introduction and a series of appendices to the article on "Sudden Cardiac Death of Pilots in Flight," which appear to be a summary of everything in the editor's file on aviation medicine. The theme of the title of this collection is not carried out in three of the articles, two of which deal with deaths due to hypothermia and heat stroke. The actions of aircraft pilots in flight could only be described as occurring during exercise by stretching that term beyond its usual meaning. Since