tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Prostacyclin on Canine Hepatic Bile Flow
Authors: Donald L. Kaminski, Yashwant G. Deshpande
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The effect of prostacyclin on canine hepatic bile flow was evaluated. Utilizing chronic, unanesthetized bile fistula dogs, prostacyclin was found to significantly increase bile flow rates and bile bicarbonate and cyclic AMP concentration and output when compared to control values. The choleretic response was not due to the effect of the principal metabolic endproduct of prostacyclin, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, as this substance increased bile flow but did not increase bicarbonate or cyclic AMP concentrations in bile. Prostacyclin did not increase [14C]erythritol clearance in bile suggesting that it stimulates bile duct secretion rather than the bile salt-independent fraction of canalicular bile. To ascertain if a relationship exists between the bicarbonate-rich choleresis produced by prostacyclin and that produced by secretin, the effects of prostacyclin and indomethacin on the choleresis produced by endogenous secretin stimulation were evaluated. During intraduodenal acid infusion, prostacyclin significantly increased bile flow. The increase was not secondary to increased secretin release as plasma secretin levels were not significantly changed from control levels. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibition by indomethacin administration did not alter the choleresis produced by intraduodenal acid. The prostacyclin-induced changes in bile flow were further evaluated in acute experiments in anesthetized dogs during which the effects of prostacyclin on systemic blood pressure, hepatic blood flow and cyclic AMP metabolism could be simultaneously determined. The choleresis produced by prostacyclin occurred in the presence of decreased systemic arterial blood pressure and hepatic blood flow. The increased bile cyclic AMP secretion produced by prostacyclin was not associated with increases in systemic or hepatogenous cyclic AMP. Prostacyclin increases canine bile flow and bicarbonate secretion, a process which may be mediated by cyclic AMP. The choleresis is not secondary to changes in hepatic blood flow or secretin release.
Funds for vaccination over next decade may fall short by $10bn
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The cost of vaccinating children in the world's 72 poorest countries over the next decade would be $35bn (£20bn; €29bn), a new study by the World Health Organization and Unicef says.

The study, which was released last week in New Delhi at the third partners' meeting of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation, has estimated that, taking into account funds already pledged by donors, there will be a shortfall of $10bn to $15bn. “This tells us for the first time how much it's going to cost,” said Julian Lob-Levyt, executive secretary of the alliance.

The funds will be used to deliver basic and new vaccines to …
Emission-particle-induced ventilatory abnormalities in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: Sarah Y Gardner, John K McGee, Urmila P Kodavanti, Allen Ledbetter, Jeffrey I Everitt, Darrell W Winsett, Donald L Doerfler, Daniel L Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Preexistent cardiopulmonary disease in humans appears to enhance susceptibility to the adverse effects of ambient particulate matter. Previous studies in this laboratory have demonstrated enhanced inflammation and mortality after intratracheal instillation (IT) and inhalation (INH) of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline (MCT). The present study was conducted to examine the effects of ROFA in this model on ventilatory function in unanesthetized, unrestrained animals. Sixty-day-old male CD rats were injected with MCT (60 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH) intraperitoneally 10 days before IT of ROFA (8.3 mg/kg) or saline (SAL) (control) or nose-only INH of ROFA [15 mg/m3 for 6 hr on 3 consecutive days or air (control)]. At 24 and 72 hr after exposure, rats were studied individually in a simultaneous gas uptake/whole-body plethysmograph. Lungs were removed at 72 hr for histology. Pulmonary test results showed that tidal volume (VT) decreased 24 hr after IT of ROFA in MCT-treated rats. Breathing frequency, minute volume (VE), and the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen increased in MCT- and VEH-treated rats 24 hr after IT or INH of ROFA and remained elevated 72 hr post-IT. O2 uptake (VO2) decreased after IT of ROFA in MCT-treated rats. Carbon monoxide uptake decreased 24 hr after IT of ROFA, returning to control values in VEH-treated rats but remaining low in MCT-treated rats 72 hr post-IT. ROFA exposure induced histologic changes and abnormalities in several ventilatory parameters, many of which were enhanced by MCT treatment.
Role of epigenetics in liver-specific gene transcription, hepatocyte differentiation and stem cell reprogrammation
Authors: Sarah Snykers, Tom Henkens, Evelien De Rop, Mathieu Vinken, Joanna Fraczek, Joery De Kock, Evi De Prins, Albert Geerts, Vera Rogiers, Tamara Vanhaecke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

Controlling both growth and differentiation of stem cells and their differentiated somatic progeny is a challenge in numerous fields, from preclinical drug development to clinical therapy. Recently, new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms have unveiled key regulatory roles of epigenetic marks driving cellular pluripotency, differentiation and self-renewal/proliferation. Indeed, the transcription of genes, governing cell-fate decisions during development and maintenance of a cell's differentiated status in adult life, critically depends on the chromatin accessibility of transcription factors to genomic regulatory and coding regions. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic control of (liver-specific) gene-transcription and the intricate interplay between chromatin modulation, including histone (de)acetylation and DNA (de)methylation, and liver-enriched transcription factors. Special attention is paid to their role in directing hepatic differentiation of primary hepatocytes and stem cells in vitro.
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Parenchymal Malakoplakia in a Transplanted Kidney
Authors: MOSHE M. MELLOUL, DAN SHMUELI, SARA MECHLIS-FRISH, ZAKI SHAPIRA, JACK BANIEL, ISAAC ROUSSO, MAYA COHEN, ERNESTO LUBIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

The scintigraphic evaluation of a rare case of parenchymal malakoplakia in a transplanted kidney is presented. Uptake of Tc-99m DMSA in the involved area was reduced and the Ga-67 uptake was increased.
Expression of the mouse Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, mBSC2, in the terminal inner medullary collecting duct, the glomerular and extraglomerular mesangium, and the glomerular afferent arteriole.
Authors: M R Kaplan, M D Plotkin, D Brown, S C Hebert, E Delpire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Na-K-Cl cotransport plays an important role in the kidney in NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle and a less well defined role in the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). Two Na-K-Cl cotransporters encoded by different genes have been identified in the mammalian kidney: BSC1/NKCC2 which localizes to the apical thick ascending limb of Henle and BSC2/NKCC1 which was isolated from a mouse IMCD cell line (mIMCD-3) but its localization has not been determined. In this study we generated a polyclonal antibody (anti-mBSC2) against the mouse BSC2/NKCC1 protein in order to characterize and localize this protein in mouse kidney. Western blot analysis with affinity-purified anti-mBSC2 showed a protein doublet of 140 and 150 kD which was most abundant in the renal papilla but also seen in cortex and outer medulla. The 140-150-kD bands were not seen with preimmune serum or with anti-mBSC2 preabsorbed with specific antigen. Immunolocalization confirmed expression of mBSC2 protein on the basolateral surface of terminal IMCD segments and demonstrated expression in the papillary surface epithelium. Immunofluorescence also revealed the unexpected presence of the BSC2 protein at the juxtaglomerular afferent arteriole, in a juxtaglomerular structure probably representing the extraglomerular mesangium, and throughout the glomerular mesangium.
Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndromes: Etiology and Treatment
Authors: RICHARD F. SPARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Fifteen patients with galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndromes were studied before, during, and after treatment with bromergocryptine. Galactorrhea and amenorrhea were noted after pregnancy (6 patients), after oral contraceptive therapy (5 patients), and in association with pituitary adenoma (4 patients). Before treatment prolactin values were elevated ranging from 27 to 125 ng/ml, while luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels failed to show ovulatory peaks or luteal phase progression. Eleven patients had luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone tests before therapy. Response was normal in 8, subnormal in 2 pituitary adenoma, and supranormal in 1 patient with premature ovarian failure. Treatment with bromergocryptine was associated with a lowering of serum prolactin, cessation of lactation in all, and return of ovulatory menses in 14 of 15 patients. All relapsed when therapy was discontinued. Four patients became pregnant while on therapy. Long-term bromergocryptine therapy is effective for all forms of galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndromes studied.
Dependence of copolymer composition, swelling history, and drug concentration on the loading of diltiazem hydrochloride (DIL.HCl) into poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(methacrylic acid)] hydrogels and its release behaviour from hydrogel slabs
Authors: Ricardo G. Sousa, Alberto Prior-Cabanillas, Isabel Quijada-Garrido, José M. Barrales-Rienda
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Coffee Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women
Authors: Esther Lopez-Garcia, Rob M. van Dam, Walter C. Willett, Eric B. Rimm, JoAnn E. Manson, Meir J. Stampfer, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Circulation (2006)

We examined the association between long-term habitual coffee consumption and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).We performed a prospective cohort study with 44,005 men and 84,488 women without history of cardiovascular disease or cancer. Coffee consumption was first assessed in 1986 for men and in 1980 for women and then repeatedly every 2 to 4 years; the follow-up continued through 2000. We documented 2173 incident cases of coronary heart disease (1449 nonfatal myocardial infarctions and 724 fatal cases of CHD) among men and 2254 cases (1561 nonfatal myocardial infarctions and 693 fatal cases of CHD) among women. Among men, after adjustment for age, smoking, and other CHD risk factors, the relative risks (RRs) of CHD across categories of cumulative coffee consumption (<1 cup/mo, 1 cup/mo to 4 cups/wk, 5 to 7 cups/wk, 2 to 3 cups/d, 4 to 5 cups/d, and > or =6 cups/d) were 1.0, 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.17), 1.02 (0.91 to 1.15), 0.97 (0.86 to 1.11), 1.07 (0.88 to 1.31), and 0.72 (0.49 to 1.07; P for trend=0.41); among women, the RRs were 1.0, 0.97 (0.83 to 1.14), 1.02 (0.90 to 1.17), 0.84 (0.74 to 0.97), 0.99 (0.83 to 1.17), and 0.87 (0.68 to 1.11; P for trend=0.08). Stratification by smoking status, alcohol consumption, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and body mass index gave similar results. Similarly, we found no effect when the most recent coffee consumption was examined. RRs for quintiles of caffeine intake varied from 0.97 (0.84 to 1.10) in the second quintile to 0.97 (0.84 to 1.11) in the highest quintile (P for trend=0.82) in men and from 1.02 (0.90 to 1.16) to 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11; P for trend=0.37) in women.These data do not provide any evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of CHD.
Class IIa HDAC inhibition enhances ER stress-mediated cell death in multiple myeloma
Authors: S Kikuchi, R Suzuki, H Ohguchi, Y Yoshida, D Lu, F Cottini, J Jakubikova, G Bianchi, T Harada, G Gorgun, Y-T Tai, P G Richardson, T Hideshima, K C Anderson
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
New cyslabdans B and C, potentiators of imipenem activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus produced by Streptomyces sp. K04-0144
Authors: Nobuhiro Koyama, Yuriko Tokura, Yoko Takahashi, Hiroshi Tomoda
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

From a further purification study, two new congeners designated cyslabdans B (1) and C (2) were isolated along with previously reported cyslabdan (cyslabdan A (3) in this study) from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. K04-0144. The structure was elucidated by various spectroscopy including NMR, revealing that 1 and 2 was 18-hydroxy and 1′-methoxy cyslabdan, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to potentiate imipenem activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by 123 fold and 533 fold, respectively. Comparison with the activity of compound 3 indicated that the introduction of a hydrophilic group at the dimethyl moiety of the decalin ring was unfavorable for its activity.
Gallbladder Activity Appearing 6 Minutes After the Intravenous Injection of Tc99m MAG3 Simulating a Picture of Obstructive Uropathy of the Right Kidney
Authors: JULIAN SANCHEZ, STEVEN FRIEDMAN, JEFFREY KEMPF, HUSSEIN ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Two cases of Tc-99m MAG3 renograms performed on the same day are presented. Both of them show considerable liver activity, which is a known drawback for MAG3 by distribution. In the first case, gallbladder activity appeared after 6 minutes, at the same time when tubular drainage and caliceal activity started to show in both kidneys. The gallbladder activity was superimposed over the upper calyces of the right kidney and simulated an obstructive pattern in the time-activity curves. This early gallbladder activity after intravenous injection of Tc-99m MAG3 has not been previously reported. The second case is presented for the purpose of confirming that nothing in the preparation of the kit contributed to this phenomenon.
Medical Application Use and the Need for Further Research and Assessment for Clinical Practice
Authors: Satish Misra, Thomas Lorchan Lewis, Timothy Dy Aungst
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Lymphocyte subpopulation in acute viral hepatitis.
Authors: U Datta, S Sehgal, S R Pal, K Dhall, S Singh, D V Datta
Journal: Gut (1982)

Studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes were performed in 41 patients with acute viral hepatitis, in grade III-IV coma; 16 patients were in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were significant reductions in absolute lymphocyte count and T cell number in patients who succumbed to the disease, when compared with those who survived. B cell counts were similar in the two groups and migration inhibition test with BCG antigen was normal. It is postulated that a decrease in the number of cells interacting in cell-mediated immune reactions is related to prognosis in acute viral hepatitis.
Innate Response Activator B Cells Aggravate Atherosclerosis by Stimulating T Helper-1 Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Ingo Hilgendorf, Igor Theurl, Louisa M.S. Gerhardt, Clinton S. Robbins, Georg F. Weber, Ayelet Gonen, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Norbert Degousee, Tobias A.W. Holderried, Carla Winter, Andreas Zirlik, Herbert Y. Lin, Galina K. Sukhova, Jagdish Butany, Barry B. Rubin, Joseph L. Witztum, Peter Libby, Matthias Nahrendorf, Ralph Weissleder, Filip K. Swirski
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Atherosclerotic lesions grow via the accumulation of leukocytes and oxidized lipoproteins in the vessel wall. Leukocytes can attenuate or augment atherosclerosis through the release of cytokines, chemokines, and other mediators. Deciphering how leukocytes develop, oppose, and complement each other's function and shape the course of disease can illuminate our understanding of atherosclerosis. Innate response activator (IRA) B cells are a recently described population of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting cells of hitherto unknown function in atherosclerosis.Here, we show that IRA B cells arise during atherosclerosis in mice and humans. In response to a high-cholesterol diet, IRA B cell numbers increase preferentially in secondary lymphoid organs via Myd88-dependent signaling. Mixed chimeric mice lacking B cell-derived granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor develop smaller lesions with fewer macrophages and effector T cells. Mechanistically, IRA B cells promote the expansion of classic dendritic cells, which then generate interferon γ-producing T helper-1 cells. This IRA B cell-dependent T helper-1 skewing manifests in an IgG1-to-IgG2c isotype switch in the immunoglobulin response against oxidized lipoproteins.Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing IRA B cells alter adaptive immune processes and shift the leukocyte response toward a T helper-1-associated milieu that aggravates atherosclerosis.
Spontaneous Bile Flow in the Pancreatic Duct
Authors: B. Çiçek, E. Parlak, A. Ş. Köksal, S. Dişibeyaz, Ü. Dağlı, B. Şahin
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We read with interest the paper by Pohle et al. describing spontaneous flow of bile through the human pancreatic duct in the absence of pancreatitis - ”nature’s human experiment” [1]. The authors report the case of a 16-year-old girl in whom a congenital biliopancreatic fistula allowed continuous flow of bile through a large portion of the pancreatic duct, which was associated with cholangitis but had never led to pancreatitis. They therefore concluded that their case was the first human experience suggesting that pancreatic duct obstruction might provide the main hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of gallstone-induced pancreatitis, instead of biliary reflux into the pancreatic duct. We also recently treated a patient with a similar case.
Abstract 3589: Comparative expression profile of transmembrane mucin MUC1 in breast cancer from American Indian and Caucasian women
Authors: Diane M. Maher, Phillip Stephenson, Brij K. Gupta, Nichole A. Bauer, Michael Koch, Susan Eliason, Meena Jaggi, Subhash C. Chauhan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Considerable disparity exists in breast cancer incidence and mortality among different racial/ethnic populations and geographic locations. For unknown reasons, American Indian women of the Northern Plains have a greater incidence and higher death rate due to breast cancer than Caucasian women living in the same geographical region. Additionally, American Indian women living in the Northern Plains also have a much higher incidence and death rate due to breast cancer than American Indian women living elsewhere in the United States. To investigate the potential molecular basis for this cancer health disparity, we have compared the expression profile of transmembrane mucin, MUC1 on breast cancer cases from American Indian and Caucasian women living on the Northern Plains. MUC1 is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer and nuclear localization of MUC1 can have downstream effects on cell signaling and increase oncogenic phenotypes. We are also exploring the link between smoking, exposure to HPV infection, and the development of breast cancer in American Indian women. Methods: We have examined the expression profile of MUC1 in breast cancer tissue from American Indian (n=40) and Caucasian (n=60) women. The staining was analyzed by experienced pathologists and scored according to intensity (0-4) and percent of cancer cells stained positive (0-4). A composite score was calculated by multiplying the scores of intensity and percent of cells stained. Tissues were categorized by modified Bloom-Richardson's histological grade and the mean composite scores were compared amongst American Indian and Caucasian groups. Results and Conclusions: We have observed that grade 3 breast cancer samples from American Indian women had a higher percent of nuclear MUC1 staining and a lower amount of p53 expression. This result correlates with previous data showing that MUC1 inhibits the expression of p53. In conclusion, breast cancer tissue from American Indian women has a different expression profile of molecular markers and this finding may help to explain the cancer health disparity. Further investigation of these differences may promote understanding of the etiological differences and may identify effective treatment strategies for breast cancer in American Indian women. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3589. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3589
Number of global clinical trials done in UK fell by two thirds after EU directive
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A leading clinician has warned that patients are dying because a European Union directive that was intended to streamline the process of clinical trials has had the opposite effect.

Rory Collins, professor of epidemiology and medicine at Oxford University, told a briefing organised by the Science Media Centre on the threat to clinical trials that the “hugely increased bureaucratic burden” had made it much more difficult to investigate new treatments.

“It’s killing people. I believe that’s a fact,” he said. “People are dying unnecessarily because the way in which the regulation and bureaucracy is working has prevented us getting the …
Predictive factors for outcome and response in patients treated with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase after imatinib failure
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop Kantarjian, Susan O'Brien, Jenny Shan, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, William Wierda, Farhad Ravandi, Gautam Borthakur, Mary Beth Rios, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2010)
Programmed Learning
Authors: Jerome P. Lysaught, Charles D. Sherman, Clarence M. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Recent research, based on a developing theory of learning, indicates that individualized instruction through the use of a learning program can be both effective and efficient. While applications to medical instruction are still largely at the beginning stages, initial results indicate that medical subjects can be programmed, and that medical students can demonstrate the same learning gains found among other college and professional school students. Programmed instruction may contribute to the refinement of medical curricula by making the goals for instruction more precise and objective. More research and controlled study are required for programmed learning, but its effectiveness in limited tests is encouraging.