tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Continuous in vivo infusion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) preferentially reduces myeloid progenitor numbers and enhances engraftment of syngeneic wild-type cells in Fancc-/- mice
Authors: Xiaxin Li, Yanzhu Yang, Jin Yuan, Ping Hong, Brian Freie, Attilio Orazi, Laura S. Haneline, D. Wade Clapp
Journal: Blood (2004)
METABOLISM IN IDIOPATHIC STEATORRHEA. II. EFFECT OF LIVER EXTRACT AND VITAMIN D ON CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN, AND LIPID BALANCES
Authors: Samuel H. Bassett, E. Henry Keutmann, Henry van Zile Hyde, Helen E. Van Alstine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1939)

Lipid, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus metabolism during administration of liver extract Daily feces Daily balances Periods number of days liver lipid -________ Weight extract intake Weght Fatty Total Ca P N Calcium Phosphorus Nitrogen ~gacids lipid per cent mi.grams grams grams of dry grams grams grams grams grams grams kgm.weight CASE J.B.Control 7-11 II 15 None 100 197 15.0 37.5 1.33 0.73 1.59 -0.08 +0.06 -0.14 47.25 Liver 35* . .V* 3 15 67 167 11.3 34.7 1.37 0.58 1.85 -0.44 -0.12 +0.74 47.73 Liver 36* .... .V* 3 15 67 85 6.4 30.2 0.86 0.38 1.11 +0.08 +0.01 +0.91 48.69 Liver 37t.| lIt 4 16 100 14.3 40.0 CASE R.G.Control 1 4. VI 13 None 105 415 44.0 58.0 |1.28 0.96 3.15 -0.197 -0.036 +0.59 53.10 Liver 5-7 ..... VI 9 45 105 l511 58.0 52.0 1.67 1.30 3.82 -0.587 -0.365 -0.08 53.23 Liver 8-12.VI 15 70 105 432 50.0 57.6 1.50 1.10 3.60 -0.417 -0.210 +0.09 53.17 CASE P.A.Control 1-3.VI 12 None 105 185 11.5 32.5 0.96 0.53 2.62 +0.103 -0.002 +0.36 44.82 Liver48...... VI 27 115 105 174 11.8 36.0 0.98 0.51 2.35 +0.074 +0.017 +0.81 46.08 Liver 9-10 .... VI 12 55 105 166 11.8 36.0 0.92 0.41 2.31 +0.153 +0.093 +1.48 46.56 Liver 14-16.VII 12 30 Liver 17-19.VI 15 30 105 178 12.3 34.3 1.04 0.61 2.56 +0.
Cyclic AMP in skin: effects of acute ischaemia
Authors: K. YOSHIKAWA, K. ADACHI, K. M. HALPRIN, V. LEVINE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

The cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content of pig skin was measured several seconds to minutes after removal of the skin from the body. It increased very rapidly, reached a maximum by 2 min after removal (4 times higher than the initial level), then decreased very slowly. Propranolol injected into the animal before or added after the removal of the skin did not suppress this phenomenon. The practical significance of this finding (increase of cyclic AMP level in skin after ischaemia) is obvious-in order to measure cyclic AMP level in vivo, the sample must be frozen immediately to avoid an 'artificial' increase in cyclic AMP.
Abnormal Tc-99m MAA Accumulation
Authors: ANNE HILTZ, SIAN ILES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Image findings are described in two patients who received radiochemically impure Tc-99m MAA radiopharmaceutical preparations. The cases are completely separate and show clinically the presence of hydrolyzedreduced technetium (TcO2) in a radiopharmaceutical product.
The Minimal Important Difference in the 6-Minute Walk Test for Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Stephen C. Mathai, Milo A. Puhan, Diana Lam, Robert A. Wise
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Although commonly used as the primary outcome measure of clinical trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the minimal important difference (MID) of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) has not been well defined for this population of patients.To estimate the MID in the 6MWT in patients with PAH.Study subjects from the clinical trial of tadalafil in PAH, a 16-week, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial of patients who were treatment naive or on background therapy with an endothelin receptor antagonist, were eligible. 6MWT was performed using a standardized protocol. Distributional and anchor-based methods were used to estimate the MID; the latter method used the Physical Component Summary Score (PCS) of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form (SF-36).Four hundred five subjects were analyzed. Domains of the SF-36 were weakly to modestly associated with 6MWT. Change in the PCS of the SF-36 was most strongly associated with change in 6MWT (r = 0.40, P < 0.001) and thus was selected as the anchor for subsequent anchor-based analyses. Distributional analyses yielded estimates of the MID ranging from 25.1 to 38.5 m, whereas anchor-based analyses yielded an estimate of 38.6 m.Using both distributional and anchor-based methods, the estimated consensus MID in the 6MWT for PAH is approximately 33 m. These results have important implications for (1) assessing treatment responses from clinical trials and metaanalyses of specific PAH therapy, and (2) sample size calculations for future study design.
Eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection lowers gastrin mediated acid secretion by two thirds in patients with duodenal ulcer.
Authors: E el-Omar, I Penman, C A Dorrian, J E Ardill, K E McColl
Journal: Gut (1993)

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) raises serum gastrin but it is unclear whether this stimulates increased acid secretion. Gastrin mediated acid secretion and plasma gastrin after the intravenous infusion of gastrin releasing peptide was studied in nine H pylori negative and nine H pylori positive healthy volunteers, and in 11 duodenal ulcer patients. Nine of the last group were re-examined one month after eradication of H pylori. The median acid output (mmol/h) to gastrin releasing peptide (40 pmol/kg/h) in the H pylori positive healthy volunteers was 15.1 (range 3.3-38.3), which was three times that of the H pylori negative healthy volunteers (median = 5.5, range 1.0-9.0) (p &lt; 0.02). The median acid output in the duodenal ulcer patients with H pylori was 37 (range 8.5-57), which was &gt; six times that of the H pylori negative healthy volunteers. Eradication of H pylori in the duodenal ulcer patients lowered their acid secretion by a median of 66% (range 30%-80%) (p &lt; 0.01) and to values equivalent to the H pylori positive healthy volunteers. The pepsin output in response to gastrin releasing peptide followed the same pattern as the acid output. The median plasma gastrin concentrations during gastrin releasing peptide were similar in the H pylori positive duodenal ulcer patients (150 ng/l, range 95-400) and H pylori positive healthy volunteers (129 ng/l, range 23-420) and both were appreciably higher than H pylori negative healthy volunteers (60 ng/l, range 28-135) (p &lt; 0.005 for each). Eradication of H pylori lowered the plasma gastrin in the duodenal ulcer patients to values equivalent to the H pylori negative healthy volunteers. These findings show a threefold increase in acid secretion in H pylori positive healthy volunteers that is explained by H pylori induced hypergastrinaemia and a sixfold increase in acid secretion in the duodenal ulcer patients that is explained by the combination of H pylori induced hypergastrinaemia and an exaggerated acid response to stimulation by gastrin. Eradicating H pylori lowers gastrin mediated acid secretion by 66% in duodenal ulcer patients as a result of the resolution of the hypergastrinaemia. Increased gastrin mediated acid secretion seems to be the key factor in the pathophysiology of duodenal ulceration and explains the role of H pylori infection in the disorder.
Galvanism and Denervated Muscle Atrophy
Authors: E. C. S. Jackson, H. J. Seddon
Journal: BMJ (1945)

For many years the role of electrical stimulation in the treat- ment of lower motor neuron lesions has been the subject of lively controversy; and since the beginning of the war interest in this form of treatment has been quickened by the occurrence of thousands of cases of peripheral nerve injury.The results of animal experiments and of observations in man, though at times conflicting, are now consistent enough to warrant. the formulation of certain conclusions.1. Muscle' atrophy begins very soon after denervation and pro-
Measurement of the response of psoriasis to short-term application of anthralin
Authors: J.R. MARSDEN, P.R. COBURN, JANET MARKS, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Thirty-six patients with psoriasis were treated with short-term application of anthralin in three studies. (I) In thirteen patients 2% anthralin was applied daily to lesions on one arm for 60 min; (2) in ten patients 4% anthralin was applied daily to lesions on one-half of the body for 30 min; (3) in thirteen patients 2% anthralin was applied daily to lesions on one-half of the body for 30 min and the strength was increased to 4% and then 8% at intervals of 3 or more days, according to tolerance. Comparison was made with the response to conventional daily treatment with 0.05% to 1% anthralin. Progress was compared clinically by days to clearing, by measurements of plaque thickness with Harpenden calipers, by the frequency and severity of burning, and by patient preference. There was no significant difference in the times to clinical clearance between short-term and conventional anthralin treatments and the rate of decrease of plaque thickness was likewise similar. There was an excellent correspondence between time to reach half plaque thickness and the time for each plaque to clear clinically. There was increased burning with all the short-term treatments but the patients still preferred it. We conclude that short-term treatment with anthralin is as effective as continuous application, but that the increased burning is likely to limit its usefulness.
Acute Myoglobinuric Renal Failure
Authors: H D Rupprecht, R Riess
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 26-year-old man had sudden fever and chills with severe muscle pain and weakness in his legs and pectoral muscles while mountaineering in the Andes. He was brought to a local hospital, where he received hemodialysis three times because of anuria and a rapid rise in the serum creatinine level before being transferred to our unit. The following laboratory values were recorded on admission to our unit: creatinine, 10.5 mg per deciliter (928 μmol per liter); blood urea nitrogen, 85 mg per deciliter (30.3 mmol per liter); creatine kinase, 1990 U per liter; calcium, 8.16 mg per deciliter . . .
Persistent c-FLIP(L) Expression Is Necessary and Sufficient to Maintain Resistance to Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand–Mediated Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xiaoping Zhang, Tai-Guang Jin, Hongmei Yang, William C. DeWolf, Roya Khosravi-Far, Aria F. Olumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of tumorigenic and transformed cell lines but not in many normal cells. Hence, TRAIL has the potential to be an ideal cancer therapeutic agent with minimal cytotoxicity. FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is an important regulator of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Here, we show that persistent expression of c-FLIP(Long) [c-FLIP(L)] is inversely correlated with the ability of TRAIL to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. In contrast to TRAIL-sensitive cells, TRAIL-resistant LNCaP and PC3-TR (a TRAIL-resistant subpopulation of PC3) cells showed increased c-FLIP(L) mRNA levels and maintained steady protein expression of c-FLIP(L) after treatment with TRAIL. Ectopic expression of c-FLIP(L) in TRAIL-sensitive PC3 cells changed their phenotype from TRAIL sensitive to TRAIL resistant. Conversely, silencing of c-FLIP(L) expression by small interfering RNA in PC3-TR cells reversed their phenotype from TRAIL resistant to TRAIL sensitive. Therefore, persistent expression of c-FLIP(L) is necessary and sufficient to regulate sensitivity to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
Problems Facing the Negro In Medicine
Authors: M. Alfred Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am very sorry that Dr. Sprunt completely missed the point I was making. I do not suggest that medical schools admit unqualified black students. I do suggest however that, for black students, the term "qualified" may have to be qualified. The emphasis should be on seeking capable students rather than on adhering to an inflexible definition of "qualified." A number of medical schools are finding ways of dealing with these problems. For example, I might mention the University of California (San Francisco) and Johns Hopkins University. I do not think that these schools are deliberately using a "deceptive approach." I do not like the ugly word "racism" any more than Dr. Sprunt, but the condition by any other name would smell as stink. Until we face the real issue, we shall never do anything about it. Finally, I do not want to imply that black physicians
Granulomatous slack skin: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of three cases
Authors: K.F. HELM, R. CERIO, R.K. WINKELMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Three cases of granulomatous slack skin (GSS), a rare variant of T-cell lymphoma, are reported. Immunohistochemical studies using a panel of 16 antibodies were carried out on both frozen tissue and tissue embedded in paraffin wax to characterize the infiltrate. A routine immunoperoxidase technique was used to identify T cells (UCHL1, CD45RO), B cells (L26, 4KB5 [CD45R]). S100 protein-positive cells, monocytes/macrophages (Mac-387, KP1 [CD68]), and dermal dendrocytes (factor XIIIa) in paraffin sections. A close association was found between UCHL1-positive T cells and KP1-positive giant cells. A number of S100-positive cells and factor XIIIa-positive cells were present in the infiltrate from all three patients. The lymphocytes in two of the patients were predominantly of the helper T-cell phenotype. Giant cells from all three patients stained with KP1 (CD68) and Leu M3 (CD14). These studies confirm that the infiltrate in GSS is predominantly a T-cell disorder associated with monocyte-derived cells rather than with resident dendritic macrophages.
Educators for Medical Education?
Authors: ROBERT BEAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 November 1972Educators for Medical Education?ROBERT BEAR, M.D.ROBERT BEAR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-5-816_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his thoughtful analysis of proposed changes in the curricula of North American medical schools (76:487, 1972), Engel asks physicians to "pause and reflect whether we may not be compounding the crisis in health care with a crisis in medical education as well."How myopic we are at times! Health care and medical education are so intertwined that if we have a crisis in health care now, then we have a crisis in medical education too. This premise accepted, changes in the educational systemmustbe made. The only important issue should concern planning the changes well... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT BEAR, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Nephrology New England Medical Center Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1972Volume 77, Issue 5Page: 816-817KeywordsHealth careMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Struma Ovarii with Hyperthyroidism
Authors: P. J. GRANDET, M. H. REMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A case of hyperthyroid disease after total thyroidectomy is reported. An initial scintigraph with Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate confirmed the absence of uptake in the neck. The view of the pelvis revealed a rounded area of increased uptake on the left, near the sacroiliac joint (results of bone scintigraphy were negative). A wholebody scan with iodine-131 confirmed a struma ovarii that was bilateral, which occurs in 5% to 10% of patients with this condition.
Doctors trial amiodarone for Ebola in Sierra Leone
Authors: F. Turone
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Aims:</b> To report remodelling of enlarged dysmorphic filtration blebs with conjunctival compression sutures and autologous blood injection. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis of consecutively recruited patients with enlarged and dysmorphic filtration blebs who were managed with conjunctival compression sutures and subconjunctival autologous blood injections. Under topical anaesthesia, conjunctival (8.0-9.0 Nylon or 8.0 Vicryl) compression sutures were placed either side of blebs that were not showing signs of spontaneous resolution. In each case up to 0.75 ml of autologous blood was then injected into the areas of the bleb to be flattened. Supplemental injections of autologous blood were given in clinic as required. <b>Results:</b> In 11 eyes of 11 patients, conjunctival compression sutures were placed and autologous blood was injected, on average, 568 days following filtration surgery (range 41–2023). Supplemental autologous blood injections were required in eight patients, with three injections being given in one patient. In each case, the sutures were well tolerated and satisfactory compression of the conjunctiva was achieved. The highest intraocular pressure following injection was 25 mm Hg (mean 17.3, SD 4.2) and in none of the cases did blood enter the anterior chamber or parts of the filtration bleb bounded by the sutures. <b>Conclusion:</b> Conjunctival compression sutures with autologous blood provide a simple and effective means for remodelling the filtration bleb. The procedure can be performed under topical anaesthesia and does not hinder further bleb surgery, should this be required.
LIF: Not Just a Leukemia Inhibitory Factor*
Authors: RAZELLE KURZROCK, ZEEV ESTROV, MEIR WETZLER, JORDAN U. GUTTERMAN, OSHE MTALPAZ
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1991)

LEUKEMIA inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with the ability to influence the function and/or development of seemingly unrelated body elements (Table 1): blood cells, embryonal cells, hepatocytes, neurons, adipose tissues, and bone. These diverse properties account for the bewildering array of names under which this factor has been published (Table 2). Although the most common designation is leukemia inhibitory factor, this molecule can promote both suppression and stimulation of proliferation and/or differentiation depending on the leukemic cell line examined. In addition, LIF may serve as part of the body's energy storage communication network. In this regard, some of the abnormalities that manifest in mammalian hosts with chronic illness include increased serum acute phase proteins and a wasting diathesis accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia; the latter is caused by suppression of lipoprotein lipase, the key enzyme of triglyceride metabolism. It is therefore of interest that LIF induces cachexia in mice, inhibits lipoprotein lipase, and stimulates hepatocyte release of acute phase proteins. In a different arena, the potent effects of LIF on embryonal stem cells suggest a critical role for this molecule in the earliest stages of embryogenesis. Finally, LIF also promotes remodeling of bone and functions as a neuronal differentiation factor. It remains unclear how one molecule can affect distinct organ systems without simultaneous side effects on its other target tissues, although recent data demonstrating that LIF exists both as a diffusible form and a form incorporated into the extracellular matrix (18) suggest that immobilization may serve to restrict its spheres of influence. In this review, we will discuss the multifaceted aspects of LIF functions and implications for understanding the cytokine network.
Letter by Pérez de Prado et al Regarding Article, “Delayed Coverage in Malapposed and Side-Branch Struts With Respect to Well-Apposed Struts in Drug-Eluting Stents: In Vivo Assessment With Optical Coherence Tomography”
Authors: Armando Pérez de Prado, Carlos Cuellas-Ramón, Felipe Fernández-Vázquez
Journal: Circulation (2012)
The Relationship between Acute Ischemic Heart Failure After Anterior and Inferior ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and an Angiographical Risk Score
Authors: İlker Gül, Ahmet Çağrı Aykan, Tayyar Gökdeniz, Faruk Boyacı, Ezgi Kalaycıoğlu, Turhan Turan, Engin Hatem, Murat Bilgin, Hasan Güngör
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Lymphosarcoma
Authors: Lewis R. Weintraub
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A clinical and hematologic remission associated at onset with the occurrence of serum hepatitis developed in a patient with lymphocytic lymphosarcoma unresponsive to conventional therapy. No specific therapy was given to the patient for five months prior to the incident of viral hepatitis and a subsequent remission lasted for 22 months at which time the patient died in congestive heart failure.
Surgical Task Shifting in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kathryn Chu, Peter Rosseel, Pierre Gielis, Nathan Ford
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

The poor availability of surgical services in developing countries is a long neglected problem that has recently gained attention [1],[2]. Violence, injury, and obstetric emergencies are among leading causes of mortality and morbidity that can be mitigated through surgical intervention. Surgically treatable problems are estimated to account for up to 11% of the world's disability-adjusted life years [1]. In addition to this massive disease burden there are problems that are seriously debilitating (cataract) or stigmatizing (fistula).

Surgical interventions are often viewed as expensive and complex, but many common problems amenable to surgery in resource-limited settings are cost-effective and do not require specialized staff and equipment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized a list of cost-effective surgical interventions for developing countries including emergency care of trauma, obstetrical complications, and acute abdomens as well as elective care of hernias, clubfoot, cataracts, hydroceles, and otitis media [3].

One of the main barriers to surgical care—defined as the safe provision of pre-operative, operative, and post-operative surgical and anesthesia services—in resource-limited settings is the shortage of trained health workers. Africa accounts for 24% of the global disease burden but only 3% of the global health workforce [4]. The reasons for this are well documented and include inadequate salaries and poor working conditions leading to staff attrition, unwillingness of international donors to support financing for human resources [5], an insufficiency of medical schools [6], and the brain drain of health staff to resource-rich countries [4],[7],[8]. The human resource crisis is most acute at the level of specialists, including surgeons and anesthesiologists [9],[10]. In East Africa, there are 0.25 fully trained surgeons per 100,000 persons compared to 5.69 per 100,000 in the United States [11],[12]. The actual minimum number of surgeons required is unknown.

Given the unlikelihood of even a modest increase in the number of surgeons and anesthesiologists working in Africa in the near future, a number of approaches are being piloted to overcome the skills shortage. These include surgical camps and specialist outreach programs (often supported by international experts) and the mobilization of non-physician clinicians (NPCs) to perform surgical and anesthetic tasks [13]. This latter approach, which involves the shifting of tasks from surgeons and anesthesiologists to non-specialists, has the greatest potential to provide coverage of basic surgical care, especially in rural areas. Task shifting involves the delegation of certain medical responsibilities to less specialized health care workers. In sub-Saharan Africa, task shifting has recently been promoted and formalized to help address the HIV/AIDS epidemic [14]. This paper discusses some of the experiences of surgical task shifting to date, and outlines lessons from task shifting in the delivery of HIV/AIDS care.