tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Development of Outflow Tract Obstruction of the Left Ventricle in Idiopathic Myocardial Hypertrophy
Authors: EMILIO TAFUR, WARREN G. GUNTHEROTH, DAVID BAUM, JOHN R. BLACKMON
Journal: Circulation (1964)

A patient was found to have unexplained left ventricular and septal hypertrophy at age 11, but no pressure gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract. At age 13, there was a mean ejection gradient of 82 mm. Hg. The patient died suddenly 1 month later. This patient demonstrates the development of muscular subaortic stenosis in idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy with obstruction due to increasing muscular hypertrophy. A second patient with left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to a fixed left ventricular outflow tract obstruction produced by an anomalous insertion of a mitral valve leaflet developed additional obstruction due to septal hypertrophy. We believe that the cases presented establish that "muscular subaortic stenosis" may be the result of ventricular hypertrophy of different etiologies. A schema is presented to assist classification of muscular subaortic stenosis.
Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Failing Dog Heart-Lung Preparation
Authors: LEONARD PROCITA, ARNOLD SCHWARTZ, KWANG SOO LEE
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

Utilizing dog heart-lung preparations mitochondria were obtained from control preparations and from hearts failing spontaneously, or as a result of pressure-loading or venous inflow-loading. The mitochondria were compared with respect to their oxidative phosphorylating capacity. The data on the P:O ratios indicate that there is an uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria from hearts in spontaneous failure, and in the mitochondria of hearts failing as a result of pressure-loading. In the case of failure due to venous inflow-loading of the heart the mitochondrial P:O ratios are within the control range. The data definitely support the conclusion that in certain types of failure in the dog heart-lung preparation the energy generating or liberating mechanisms may be impaired. This conclusion is contrary to that in the literature based on measurements of high-energy compounds and oxygen consumption, namely, that energy liberation, including transfer of oxidative energy in the form useful for contraction, is not impaired in the failing heart.
Defining the Diagnosis in Echocardiographically Suspected Senile Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Candida Cristina Quarta, Pier Luigi Guidalotti, Simone Longhi, Cinzia Pettinato, Ornella Leone, Alessandra Ferlini, Elena Biagini, Francesco Grigioni, Maria Letizia Bacchi-Reggiani, Massimiliano Lorenzini, Agnese Milandri, Angelo Branzi, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Novel techniques and innovation in blood purification: a clinical update from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes
Authors: Christopher T. Chan, Adrian Covic, Jonathan C. Craig, Andrew Davenport, Bertram L. Kasiske, Martin K. Kuhlmann, Nathan W. Levin, Philip K.T. Li, Francesco Locatelli, Michael V. Rocco, David C. Wheeler
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Genetics of obesity in adult adoptees and their biological siblings.
Authors: T. I. Sorensen, R. A. Price, A. J. Stunkard, F. Schulsinger
Journal: BMJ (1989)

An adoption study of genetic effects on obesity in adulthood was carried out in which adoptees separated from their natural parents very early in life were compared with their biological full and half siblings reared by their natural parents. The adoptees represented four groups who by sampling from a larger population were categorised as either thin, medium weight, overweight, or obese. Weight and height were obtained for 115 full siblings of 57 adoptees and for 850 half siblings of 341 adoptees. In full siblings body mass index (kg/m2) significantly increased with weight of the adoptees. Body mass index of the half siblings showed a steady but weaker increase across the four weight groups of adoptees. There were no significant interactions with sex of the adoptees, sex of the siblings, or (for the half siblings) sex of the common parent. In contrast with the findings in half siblings and (previously) the natural parents there was a striking, significant increase in body mass index between full siblings of overweight and obese adoptees. The degree of fatness in adults living in the same environment appears to be influenced by genetic factors independent of sex, which may include polygenic as well as major gene effects on obesity.
Diagnosis, classification, and treatment of diabetes
Authors: A. Farmer, R. Fox
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in which molecular building blocks form robust microporous networks, are usually synthesized as insoluble and unprocessable powders. We have grown two-dimensional (2D) COF films on single-layer graphene (SLG) under operationally simple solvothermal conditions. The layered films stack normal to the SLG surface and show improved crystallinity compared with COF powders. We used SLG surfaces supported on copper, silicon carbide, and transparent fused silica (SiO2) substrates, enabling optical spectroscopy of COFs in transmission mode. Three chemically distinct COF films grown on SLG exhibit similar vertical alignment and long-range order, and two of these are of interest for organic electronic devices for which thin-film formation is a prerequisite for characterizing their optoelectronic properties.
Unusual Cutaneous Manifestations of Pentazocine Addiction
Authors: Bencel L. Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1977)

WE HAVE recently had the opportunity to observe a patient with bizarre cutaneous complications resulting from multiple injections of pentazocine lactate given over a long period of time. The rarity of this disorder in our experience led to a review of the literature and to this communication. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old male physician was first seen by us in September 1975. At that time he gave the history of a chronic ulcerative dermatosis of at least nine years' duration. He described the development from time to time of abscesses that would eventually rupture, drain, and finally heal with scarring. The history of drug abuse and the resultant loss of his medical license was obtained. Although he admitted having given himself pentazocine injections in the past, he denied recent use of the medication. Examination on admission disclosed a most unusual and bizarre cutaneous picture. Deep, punched-out, depressed scars in
Current Status of Tetanus Control
Authors: Paul A. Skudder, James R. McCarroll
Journal: JAMA (1964)

There is no substitute for active immunization with tetanus toxoid prior to injury. Every physician should make an effort to actively immunize all his patients. Human tetanus immune globulin is highly effective in preventing tetanus in unimmunized persons who need passive protection. The frequent complications seen with equine and bovine products do not occur and thus no testing for sensitivity is necessary. Equine and bovine antitoxins are hazardous even in persons with negative sensitivity tests and should be replaced by the human product.
Proteinuria: value as predictor of cardiovascular mortality in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: K Borch-Johnsen, S Kreiner
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The relation between diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy was studied by analysing the relative mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with and without persistent proteinuria. The study group comprised 2890 diabetics diagnosed between 1933 and 1972 before the age of 31, and the study was conducted by using the linear logistic discrete failure time model. In patients with proteinuria the relative mortality from cardiovascular disease was 37 times that in the general population; in patients without proteinuria it was 4.2 times that in the general population. In both groups women had a relative mortality twice to 2.6 times that of men. In neither group was relative mortality correlated with duration of diabetes, suggesting that the association between diabetes and cardiovascular disease may be conferred by factors other than hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. The high relative mortality from cardiovascular disease in diabetics with proteinuria indicates a strong association between diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy, suggesting a common (pathogenetic?) mechanism for these two late diabetic complications.
Mumps Orchitis in a Three-Year-Old Child
Authors: Harold N. Bass
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Mumps epididymoorchitis rarely occurs before puberty. We recently observed a three-year-old boy with this complication and are reporting on our experience with him. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A three-year-old white male child came to the pediatric clinic on July 12, 1967, with a one-day history of left parotid swelling, low-grade fever, and gradually increasing pain in the left groin. There had been exposure to mumps in a playmate seventeen days before. On physical examination, the patient was alert and cooperative. The rectal temperature was 38 C. There was swelling and tenderness over the left parotid gland. The orifice of Stensen's duct on the left was edematous and slightly erythematous. The right parotid gland was clinically uninvolved. There was swelling, heat, and redness along the left inguinal canal and scrotum. The left testis and epididymis were enlarged and exquisitely tender. The right scrotal contents were normal to inspection
Platelet Count and Preoperative Haemoglobin Do Not Significantly Increase the Performance of Established Predictors of Renal Cell Carcinoma-Specific Mortality
Authors: Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Quoc-Dien Trinh, John S. Lam, Jacques Tostain, Allan J. Pantuck, Arie S. Belldegrun, Jean-Jacques Patard
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Influence of Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Lori J. Bechard, Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia, Riva Touger-Decker, Christopher Duggan, Nilesh M. Mehta
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Importance: Obesity is prevalent among hospitalized children.Knowledge of the relationship between obesity and outcomes in hospitalized children will enhance nutrition assessment and provide opportunities for interventions.Objective: To systematically review the existing literature concerning the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes in hospitalized children.Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for studies of hospitalized children aged 2 to 18 years with identified obesity and at least 1 of the following clinical outcomes: allcause mortality, incidence of infections, and length of hospital stay.Cohort and case-control studies were included.Cross-sectional studies, studies of healthy children, and those without defined criteria for classifying weight status were excluded.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality.Results: Twenty-eight studies (26 retrospective; 24 cohort and 4 case-control) were included.Of the 21 studies that included mortality as an outcome, 10 reported a significant positive relationship between obesity and mor-tality.The incidence of infections was assessed in 8 of the 28 studies; 2 reported significantly more infections in obese compared with nonobese patients.Of the 11 studies that examined length of stay, 5 reported significantly longer lengths of hospital stay for obese children.Fifteen studies (53%) had a high quality score.Larger studies observed significant relationships between obesity and outcomes.Studies of critically ill, oncologic or stem cell transplant, and solid organ transplant patients showed a relationship between obesity and mortality. Conclusions and Relevance:The available literature on the relationship between obesity and clinical outcomes is limited by subject heterogeneity, variations in criteria for defining obesity, and outcomes examined.Childhood obesity may be a risk factor for higher mortality in hospitalized children with critical illness, oncologic diagnoses, or transplants.Further examination of the relationship between obesity and clinical outcomes in this subgroup of hospitalized children is needed.
THE EFFECT OF THE PULSE UPON THE FORMATION AND FLOW OF LYMPH
Authors: Robert J. Parsons, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

The ears of rabbits were perfused with defibrinated rabbit's blood in such a way that pulsation could be imparted to the perfusate or withheld from it at will. In the absence of pulsation there was almost no lymph flow, whereas when it was present lymph flow was rapid despite the fact that the "systolic" pressure of the perfusate never exceeded the constant pressure in the non-pulsatile instances and the volume flow was far less. Non-pulsatile perfusion led to a slight flow of lymph in ears that were becoming edematous, whereas when it was pulsatile the lymph flow was enormous. The pulse exercises an influence to move fluid into the lymphatics and along them.
808 ASSESSMENT OF VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE AT BOTH WEEK 4 AND WEEK 12 OPTIMIZES PREDICTION OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA PLUS RIBAVIRIN.TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: M. Martinot-Peignoux, M.P. Ripault, R. Moucari, N. Boyer, S. Maylin, A.C. Cardoso, N. Giuily, C. Castelnau, M. Pouteau, P. Bedossa, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Coexistence of Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Congenital Aortic Valvular Disease
Authors: HERBERT MARK, BELLE JACOBSON, DENNISON YOUNG
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Congenital aortic or subaortic stenosis was demonstrated in 7 of 50 patients with patent ductus arteriosus. In addition to the murmurs characteristic of each lesion and diagnostic carotid artery pulse tracings, inordinate enlargement of the left ventricle with a small shunt through the patent ductus should suggest involvement of the aortic valve. The clinical findings associated with this combination of lesions are clear cut and awareness of them should lead to more frequent identification than has been reported previously.
Control of calcium oxalate crystal structure and cell adherence by urinary macromolecules
Authors: Jeffrey A. Wesson, Elaine M. Worcester, John H. Wiessner, Neil S. Mandel, Jack G. Kleinman
Journal: Kidney International (1998)

Crystal polymorphism is exhibited by calcium oxalates in nephrolithiasis, and we have proposed that a shift in the preferred crystalline form of calcium oxalate (CaOx) from monohydrate (COM) to dihydrate (COD) induced by urinary macromolecules reduces crystal attachment to epithelial cell surfaces, thus potentially inhibiting a critical step in the genesis of kidney stones. We have tested the validity of this hypothesis by studying both the binding of monohydrate and dihydrate crystals to renal tubule cells and the effect of macromolecular urinary solutes on crystal structure. Renal tubule cells grown in culture bound 50% more CaOx monohydrate than dihydrate crystals of comparable size. The effects of macromolecules on the spontaneous nucleation of CaOx were examined in HEPES-buffered saline solutions containing Ca2+ and C2O4(2-) at physiologic concentrations and supersaturation. Many naturally occurring macromolecules known to be inhibitors of crystallization, specifically osteopontin, nephrocalcin and urinary prothrombin fragment 1, were found to favor the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate in this in vitro system, while other polymers did not affect CaOx crystal structure. Thus, the natural defense against nephrolithiasis may include impeding crystal attachment by an effect of macromolecular inhibitors on the preferred CaOx crystal structure that forms in urine.
Immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins. Studies on Italian subjects
Authors: A. Romano, M. Blanca, C. Mayorga, A. Venuti, G. Gasbarrini
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The IgE response, the involvement of the different penicillins available for therapeutic use, and the specificity of the IgE antibodies found in a group of penicillin-allergic subjects from Italy were studied. Thirty subjects with a history of allergic reactions to penicillins were studied. In vivo and in vitro specific IgE antibodies were determined to different penicillin determinants. Fifteen subjects developed anaphylactic responses and the remainder urticaria and angioedema. The drug most frequently involved in the patients' allergic reactions was ampicillin (AMP). The benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) skin test was positive in 16 (53.3%) patients, whereas 23 (76.6%) patients were positive to minor determinant mixture (MDM), benzylpenicillin (PG), AMP, or amoxicillin (AX). When classified according to initial reaction type, most anaphylactic patients (93.3%) were associated with minor determinant reactivity, whereas most urticaria patients (80%) reacted to BPO. RAST results for the anaphylactic and urticaria subgroups were similar. RAST inhibition showed that most sera contained highly cross-reactive IgE antibodies. There was evidence of a specific response to AX and PG (one patient each). These data show that in a population of penicillin-allergic patients from Italy, AMP was the main drug inducing the allergic reaction. In skin tests and RAST, patients exhibited heterogeneous IgE responses with little indication of specific reactivity to AMP.
CXCR4 Expression in Osteosarcoma Cell Lines and Tumor Samples: Evidence for Expression by Tumor Cells
Authors: Caroline Laverdière, Richard Gorlick
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

In Response: We read with interest Dr. von Luettichau's letter about the expression of chemokine receptors in osteosarcoma patient samples. They analyzed chemokine receptor expression in osteosarcoma tumor samples following microdissection. Their results showed that infiltrating cells and not the
Environmental urban lead exposure and blood lead levels in children of Mexico City.
Authors: I Romieu, T Carreon, L Lopez, E Palazuelos, C Rios, Y Manuel, M Hernandez-Avila
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Lead contamination is now a leading public health problem in Mexico. However, there are few data on the lead content of various environmental sources, and little is known about the contribution of these sources to the total lead exposure in the population of children residing in Mexico City. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a random sample of 200 children younger than 5 years of age who lived in one of two areas of Mexico City. Environmental samples of floor, window, and street dust, paint, soil, water, and glazed ceramics were obtained from the participants' households, as well as blood samples and dirt from the hands of the children. Blood lead levels ranged from 1 to 31 micrograms/dl with a mean of 9.9 micrograms/dl (SD 5.8 micrograms/dl). Forty-four percent of the children 18 months of age or older had blood lead levels exceeding 10 micrograms/dl. The lead content of environmental samples was low, except in glazed ceramic. The major predictors of blood lead levels were the lead content of the glazed ceramics used to prepare children's food, exposure to airborne lead due to vehicular emission, and the lead content of the dirt from the children's hands. We conclude that the major sources of lead exposure in Mexico City could be controlled by adequate public health programs to reinforce the use of unleaded gasoline and to encourage production and use of unleaded cookware instead of lead-glazed ceramics.
Alternative medicine consultations and remedies in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.
Authors: H L Smart, J F Mayberry, M Atkinson
Journal: Gut (1986)

The use of alternative medicine was assessed by questionnaire in 96 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, 143 patients with organic upper gastrointestinal disorders and 222 patients with Crohn's disease of comparable age and sex. Significantly more patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (16%) had consulted practitioners of alternative medicine about their condition than had patients in either of the other groups. Similarly, significantly more irritable bowel syndrome patients said they would consult an alternative medicine practitioner (41%) if conventional treatment failed. Current usage of alternative medicine remedies was significantly greater in the irritable bowel syndrome patients (11%) than in patients with Crohn's disease (4%) and tended to be greater than in patients with organic upper gastrointestinal disorders (6%). This study has shown that the use of alternative medicine is common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and this does not appear to be explicable in terms of the nature, chronicity or refractoriness to treatment of symptoms.
Interferon-γ-Release Assays for Latent Tuberculosis—Reply
Authors: Philip A. LoBue, Kenneth G. Castro
Journal: JAMA (2012)

In Reply: Dr Rosch suggests that another advantage of IGRAs over the tuberculin skin test (TST) is that IGRAs may also test for nonspecific immune response, which is not routinely done with TST. However, at the present time there is no evidence to suggest that this is the case.
Hydroxyurea‐related toxicity in 3,411 patients with Ph'‐negative MPN
Authors: Elisabetta Antonioli, Paola Guglielmelli, Lisa Pieri, MariaChiara Finazzi, Elisa Rumi, Vincenzo Martinelli, Nicola Vianelli, Maria Luigia Randi, Irene Bertozzi, Valerio De Stefano, Tommaso Za, Elena Rossi, Marco Ruggeri, Elena Elli, Rossella Cacciola, Emma Cacciola, Enrico Pogliani, Francesco Rodeghiero, Michele Baccarani, Francesco Passamonti, Guido Finazzi, Alessandro Rambaldi, Alberto Bosi, Mario Cazzola, Tiziano Barbui, Alessandro M. Vannucchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Hydroxyurea (Hydroxycarbamide; HU) is commonly used for the long-term treatment of patients with Philadelphia-chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). It is considered a first-choice agent for the treatment of these disorders as underlined by the European Leukemia Net Consensus Conference [1], although it is formally approved for this indication in some countries only. The drug is reportedly well tolerated in the large majority of subjects, although systemic and/or localized toxicities have been reported. Consensus criteria for definition of "intolerance" to HU have been described;patients who develop intolerance are candidate for second-line therapy and, more recently, for investigational drugs. However, no epidemiologic information about the occurrence of the most clinically significant HU-associated adverse events is yet available. In this study, the authors report on a multicenter series of 3,411 patients who were treated with HU among which 184, accounting for 5% of total, developed significant drug-related toxicities. These data provide an estimate of the frequency and a detailed characterization of clinically significant HU-related toxicities; these information have relevance for the management of MPN patients who require second-line therapy after developing HU-related intolerance.
When the predictive brain gets it really wrong
Authors: Gavin Buckingham, Melvyn A. Goodale
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Clark examines the notion of the “predictive brain” as a unifying model for cognitive neuroscience, from the level of basic neural processes to sensorimotor control. Although we are in general agreement with this notion, we feel that there are many details that still need to be fleshed out from the standpoint of perception and action.