tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Initial response and subsequent course of Crohn's disease treated with elemental diet or prednisolone.
Authors: D A Gorard, J B Hunt, J J Payne-James, K R Palmer, R G Rees, M L Clark, M J Farthing, J J Misiewicz, D B Silk
Journal: Gut (1993)

Elemental diet is as effective as corticosteroids in the treatment of previously untreated Crohn9s disease. It is unclear whether a poor nutritional state is a prerequisite for efficacy of elemental diet, whether previously treated patients respond as well, or how duration of remission using elemental diet compares with corticosteroid induced remission. Forty two patients with active Crohn9s disease were stratified for nutritional state and randomised to receive Vivonex TEN 2.1 l/day for four weeks, or 0.75 mg prednisolone/kg/day for two weeks and subsequent reducing doses. Nine of 22 (41%) patients assigned to nutritional treatment were intolerant of the diet. Thirty patients completed four weeks treatment. Disease activity decreased on elemental diet from mean (SEM) 4.8 (0.9) to 1.7 (0.6), p &lt; 0.05, and on prednisolone from 5.3 (0.5) to 1.9 (0.6), p &lt; 0.05. For each treatment, nourished and malnourished patients responded similarly. Patients with longstanding disease responded as well as newly diagnosed patients. The probability of maintaining remission at six months was 0.67 after prednisolone, 0.28 after elemental diet, and at one year was 0.35 after prednisolone and 0.09 after elemental diet, p &lt; 0.05. When tolerated, elemental diet is as effective in the short term as prednisolone in newly and previously diagnosed Crohn9s disease, and its benefit is independent of nutritional state. The subsequent relapse rate after elemental diet induced remission, however, is greater than after treatment with prednisolone.
Determinants of reversible asynergy. The native coronary circulation.
Authors: V S Banka, M M Bodenheimer, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation (1975)

To evaluate the influence of the native coronary circulation on the reversibility of asynergy, ventriculograms before and after sublingual nitroglycerin were performed in 51 patients with coronary artery disease and asynergy. The severity of stenotic lesions and caliber of the distal coronary vessels were determined by comparison with external catheter tip diameter corrected for magnification. Of 42 asynergic zones associated with larger than or equal to 90% proximal coronary occlusion, 27 (64%) were akinetic or dyskinetic while only 11 of 38 zones (29%) with less than 90% occlusion showed akinesis (P less than 0.005). Twenty-six of the 38 asynergic zones (69%) with less than 90% occlusion were reversible in contrast to 19 of the 42 zones (45%) with larger than or equal to 90% occlusion (P less than 0.05). Coronary collaterals were observed in 23 of 42 (55%) zones with larger than or equal to 90% occlusion in contrast to only 11 of 38 zones (29%) with less than 90% occlusion (P less than 0.05). Of the zones with both greater than or equal to 90% occlusion and collaterals, 74% were reversible, in contrast to only 11% without collaterals (P less than 0.001). Of the asynergic zones without collaterals, 63% with less than 90% occlusion were reversible in contrast to only 11% with larger than or equal to 90% occlusion (P less than 0.001). Pathologic Q waves were associated with 24 of 42 zones (57%) with larger than or equal to 90% occlusion compared to only nine of the 38 zones (24%) with less than 90% occlusion (P less than 0.01). The presence of Q waves was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of reversibility regardless of the degree of coronary occlusion. Excluding the asynergic zones with either collaterals or Q waves, 79% with less than 90% occlusion were reversible in contrast to only 37% with larger than or equal to 90% coronary occlusion (P less than 0.05). In contrast, the caliber of the distal vessel could not be correlated with either the severity of asynergy or the presence of collaterals and was similar in both reversible and irreversible asynergic zones. In summary, larger than or equal to 90% proximal stenosis is associated with severe asynergy which is less likely to be reversible compared to asynergy associated with less than 90% coronary occlusion. In the presence of larger than or equal to 90% occlusion, coronary collaterals are associated with a significantly higher incidence of reversible asynergy and thus appear to serve a protective function. However, the caliber of the distal vessel per se does not effect the severity or reversibility of asynergy.
PROVISION FOR THE CARE AND TREATMENT OF THE INSANE
Authors: E. H. van Deusen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1872)

own faults he could have no conception of.Thus,.with capabilities which might have ranked him high in some sphere of usefulness, Rulloff followed the base life of a criminal, passed eighteen out of the fifty-two years of his life in prison as a felon, and finally died "as the' fool dieth."
Introductory Address ON THE PRESENT DUTY OF THE MEDICAL CITIZEN: Delivered on the Occasion of the Opening of the Winter Session at St. George's Hospital Medical School
Authors: H. Grimsdale
Journal: BMJ (1912)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ll ., investigation.This would make clinic4l imiedicine mnore actively productive, and woald plovidle a class of scientific clinicians from which professcrs of medicine could in tlle futture bC selected.Such assistants would be of the rank of, or.actuctlly be, registrars or junior assistant l)lpysicianls alnd assistant surge6ns, but would-, while holding this post, be debarred from private practice.(2) A seCond poss-ible change-namely, tlle establish- in--ut of thie whov,le-time profec sors of clinical practice,
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Blockade and Murine Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Monica Lucattelli, Silvia Fineschi, Pierangelo Geppetti, Norma P. Gerard, Giuseppe Lungarella
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Analogous to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the colon, it has been proposed that adenocarcinoma (AC) in the lung arises from adenomatous hyperplasia that progresses through atypical adenomatous hyperplasia to AC. However, the data supporting this sequence are largely circumstantial and the almost impossible task of identifying these lesions before resection rules out any longitudinal study in humans.Objectives, Methods, and Results: We show in mice that the loss of function of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R)—due to either a pharmacologic or genetic manipulation—results in a sequence of morphologic changes in response to bleomycin treatment that precede the development of AC. We also demonstrate that a series of alterations in gene expression of proliferation markers (i.e., PCNA and Ki-67) and cell cycle regulators (i.e., FHIT, p53, and p21) characterizes the sequence of the precursor lesions. The loss of function of the NK-1R results in changes of the apoptotic rate and in a delay of DNA break recovery of alveolar epithelial cells following bleomycin treatment. The NK-1R blockade interferes with a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis by affecting both the translocation of Nur77 into the cytoplasm and the expression of some important Bcl2 family members such as Bcl2 and Bak.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first model to demonstrate a role for NK-1R in lung epithelial cell death and tumorigenesis. This animal model may provide new information on the biology of AC and will facilitate designing and testing of new therapeutic interventions.
The General Internist and Gatekeepers
Authors: LANYARD K. DIAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1985The General Internist and GatekeepersLANYARD K. DIAL, M.D., JOHN G. PRICHARD, M.D.LANYARD K. DIAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN G. PRICHARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-1-159_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his recent article Dr. Eisenberg (1) broaches an important subject that faces our current health care delivery system: How to adapt for further medical needs and cost restrictions. The gatekeeper concept, using a "primary care physician" as the initial medical contact with subsequent specialty referral, has the potential to improve physician-patient relations, reduce costs, and better utilize our health care resources. The points we wish to raise with Dr. Eisenberg concern who should fill the role of the gatekeeper and what should be the role of the internist.The article mentions that "gatekeeper-physicians include internists, pediatricians,...Reference1. EISENBERG J. The internist as gatekeeper. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:537-43. LinkGoogle Scholar1. EISENBERG J. The internist as gatekeeper. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:537-43. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . American College of Physicians ethics manual. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:129-37, 263-74. LinkGoogle Scholar1. EISENBERG J. The internist as gatekeeper: preparing the general internist for a new role. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:537-43. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HIRSH H. Duty of consult and refer. Legal Med Annu. 1977:247-58. Google Scholar3. RHEINGOLDDAVEY PP. Standard of care in medical malpractice cases. Legal Med Annu. 1974:249-301. Google Scholar4. HOLDER A. Leading cases: failure to consult specialist. JAMA. 1975;231:1391. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ventura County Medical Center Ventura, CA 93003 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1985Volume 103, Issue 1Page: 159-160KeywordsHealth carePrimary care physicians Issue Published: 1 July 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Ins and Outs of Oral Pancreatic Enzymes
Authors: James H. Meyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Treating pancreatic exocrine insufficiency with orally administered pancreatic enzymes is more difficult than is usually imagined.1 The goals of therapy are to prevent weight loss and muscle wasting, to reduce or eliminate diarrhea and (in children) to establish adequate nutrition for growth. Usually, these objectives are achieved, but only in a minority of patients can assimilation of dietary fat be restored to normal with the aid of pancreatin.2 As pointed out in two articles (by DiMagno et al. and Graham) in this issue of the Journal, the problem is one of getting enough active enzyme to the duodenum at . . .
HYPNOTISM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INEBRIETY.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

been actually observed, in somnambulism, in dreams and in the hypnotic sleep.Accepting this subliminal self with its added per- ceptive powers, brought into activity, sometimes spontaneously and sometimes by the aid of hypnotism, we are furnished with the key, not only to every form of intelligible automatism-automatic writing, trance speaking, hallucinations of hearing (such as were experienced by Socrates, St. Paul and Joan of Arc), phantasms and apparitions-but also to nearly the whole range of accredited phenomena pertaining to spiritualism, without trespassing at all upon the domain of supernaturalism.These, then, are our conclusions : That there does exist, probably in each one of us, a subliminal self or second personality, which is able to act at great distances from the physical body, and which is endowed with perceptive powers far exceed- ing those of the primary self.That clairvoyance is an attribute of the subliminal self; and in that view is perfectly reasonable, natural, and a proper subject for scientific study.That hypnotism is a means of experimentally bringing this subliminal self into action.It is in no spirit of dogmatism, however, that I bring forward these facts and theories ; but sufficient facts have now been accumulated from many trust- worthy sources, to make it desirable that intelligent thought should be bestowed upon them ; and it is with the hope that greater definiteness may be at- tained in this work-so important as it seems to me, to men in our profession-that I have ventured to draw your attention to this subject.
Abstract 5331: GenomeSpace: An environment for frictionless bioinformatics
Authors: Michael M. Reich, John Liefeld, Marco Ocana, Donkeung Jang, James Robinson, Peter Carr, Barbara Hill, Thorin Tabor, Helga Thorvaldsdottir, Aviv Regev, Jill P. Mesirov
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Over the past several years, cancer genome characterization initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium have produced an explosion of genomic data. These efforts, together with the proliferation of repositories for small-molecule screens and large-scale data production efforts to discover the breadth of genomic variation in humans, offer a new era of potential for the understanding of the basic mechanisms of cancer and identification of novel treatments. Comprehensive analysis of these datasets requires the coordinated use of Web-based applications and data repositories, desktop analysis tools and visualizers, and single-purpose algorithms. However, the effort required to transfer data between tools, convert between data formats, and manage results often prevents researchers from utilizing the wealth of methods available to them. Many integrative genomics and translational “bench to bedside” discoveries are possible with combinations of existing tools, but the necessary transitions between them puts them out of the reach of most researchers. GenomeSpace, http://www.genomespace.org, is an environment that brings together diverse computational tools, enabling scientists without programming skills to easily combine their capabilities. It aims to offer a common space to create, manipulate and share an ever-growing range of genomic analysis tools. GenomeSpace features support for cloud-based data storage and analysis, multi-tool analytic workflows, automatic conversion of data formats, and ease of connecting new tools to the environment. A set of six “GenomeSpace-enabled” seed tools developed by collaborating organizations provides a comprehensive platform for the analysis of cancer data: Cytoscape (UCSD), Galaxy (Penn State University), GenePattern (Broad Institute), Genomica (Weitzmann Institute), Integrative Genomics Viewer (Broad Institute), and the UCSC Genome Browser (UCSC). Its open architecture has driven its adoption by a number of additional tools, including ArrayExpress, Cistrome, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Project Achilles Portal, and Multiple Myeloma Genomics Portal, with new tools and resources being released regularly. We show how researchers can use GenomeSpace to effortlessly combine the capabilities of all of these tools in several cancer research scenarios. Citation Format: Michael M. Reich, John Liefeld, Marco Ocana, Donkeung Jang, James Robinson, Peter Carr, Barbara Hill, Thorin Tabor, Helga Thorvaldsdottir, Aviv Regev, Jill P. Mesirov. GenomeSpace: An environment for frictionless bioinformatics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5331. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5331
HARE LIP, A CASE IN PRACTICE.
Authors: GEO. T. CARPENTER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The patient, a lady 22 years old, had suffered from birth with double hare lip, also cleft of both hard and soft palate, which was very large, but nature had largely overcome this latter defect by hypertrophy of the inferior turbinated bodies, and, in consequence, the voice, though not good, was much better than many with a very slight opening in the hard palate or bifurcation of the velum. But the deformity of the lip did not improve. The patient was well developed, strong and healthy. She had always lived in the country. Owing to her mother's opposition to surgery the lip was not operated on. The lady was of a healthy and well-developed family. She came to Chicago and I was consulted and an appointment made for July 28, 1896, at which time Figs. 1 and 2 were taken, after which I made a careful examination and found that
Formulation of Treatment Recommendations for Statins
Authors: Mark D. Huffman, Shah Ebrahim, Kay Dickersin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Abstract P6-07-37: Impact of body mass index on recurrence risk in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ.
Authors: LC Klepczyk, RF Meredith, JF De Los Santos, Y Li, KS Keene
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Body mass index (BMI) has been correlated with risk of recurrence in invasive breast cancer, but the association between BMI and recurrence in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is less clear. Recent retrospective data indicates that local recurrence is not related to BMI at initial diagnosis. Here we examine the relationship between initial BMI and recurrence in a separate cohort of patients with DCIS. Methods: One hundred eighty-nine patients with DCIS treated between the years of 1999 and 2005 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were analyzed. BMI was divided into 4 categories as follows: underweight (BMI &amp;lt;18.5 kg/m (2)), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m (2)), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m (2)), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m (2)). Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the association between likelihood of recurrence based on initial BMI and the log rank test was used to evaluate recurrence-free survival. Risk of both overall recurrence and specifically local recurrence were analyzed. Results: There were 199 cases of DCIS identified in our cohort of 189 patients (10 patients had bilateral disease). Of these 189 patients, 1.1% (2/189) were underweight, 31.2% (59/189) were normal weight, 22.7% (43/189) were overweight, and 21.7% (41/189) were obese. BMI could not be obtained for 23.3% (44/189) of patients. With a median follow-up of 87.2 months, there were 28 total recurrences identified in the 199 cases (14.1%) with 85.7% of these including a local recurrence. No significant associations were found between the likelihood of overall or local recurrence and any of the four BMI categories. Further, analysis of recurrence-free survival did not show any significant associations between BMI and recurrence. Conclusions: Our data supports recently reported evidence that BMI at diagnosis does not affect the risk of overall or local recurrence in patients with DCIS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-37.
Intracellular pH in vascular smooth muscle: regulation by sodium-hydrogen exchange and multiple sodium dependent HCO3− mechanisms
Authors: Peter J Little, Craig B Neylon, Caroline A Farrelly, Peter L Weissberg, EJ Cragoe, Alex Bobik
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to determine the mechanisms, particularly bicarbonate dependent mechanisms, of intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from various acidoses in vascular smooth muscle and to explore the ATP dependency of the respective mechanisms.Experiments were conducted in rat aortic smooth muscle cells grown in primary culture and synchronised in a non-growing state by serum deprivation. pHi was measured in cells loaded with the pH sensitive fluorescent dye, 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). Chloride efflux was studied by determination of the rate of efflux of 36Cl over 5 min. Cells were ATP depleted by substitution of glucose in the medium by 2-deoxyglucose. Acidoses were induced by CO2 influx and NH3 efflux techniques.In the absence of HCO3-, the 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) sensitive Na+/H+ exchange accounted for the recovery from intracellular acidosis. In the presence of HCO3- ions the response to respiratory acidosis (CO2 influx) was predominantly via activation of Na+/H+ exchange and an EIPA sensitive Na+ and HCO3- dependent mechanism. A 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2',2'-sulphonic acids (SITS) sensitive Na+ dependent Cl-/HCO3- mechanism which is also sensitive to EIPA makes a small contribution during severe intracellular acidosis. Under such conditions HCO3- dependent mechanisms contributed about 40% to the overall pHi regulating capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, under conditions which deplete cellular ATP these pHi regulating mechanisms account for virtually all of theses cells' ability to regulate pHi. The inability of Na+/H+ exchange to participate in pHi recovery under these circumstances, reduces the ability of vascular smooth muscle cells to recover pHi by approximately 50-60%. Chloride efflux was approximately linear over 5 min and was increased by 36% in the presence of extracellular HCO3-. Efflux in the presence of HCO3- was inhibited similarly by both SITS and EIPA.At least three transporters contribute to recovery from acidosis in vascular smooth muscle: Na+/H+ exchange, an Na(+)-HCO3- cotransporter which is sensitive to EIPA, and an Na+ dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchange sensitive to both SITS and EIPA. The Na(+)-HCO3- cotransporter appears to be similar to that described in human vascular smooth muscle. When the Na+/H+ exchanger is attenuated by cellular ATP depletion, the alternative pathways, particularly the Na(+)-HCO3- cotransporter, ensure that substantial pHi regulatory capacity is maintained.
The Heart and Cardiovascular System
Authors: M. J. Curtis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article The Heart and Cardiovascular System Get access Michael J. Curtis Michael J. Curtis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 7, July 1992, Page 720b, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.7.720b Published: 01 July 1992