tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Lecture on the Curability of Acute Phthisis (Galloping Consumption)
Authors: M. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1890)

GBNTLRMEN,-The term acute phthisis is frequently used in a very vague manner, and is applied to cases which have no titlewhat- ever to the appellation, as anyone can readily satisfy himself by a perusal of the medical journals.It is, therefore, important at the outset that I should epecify the limited class of cases to which I am about to refer.By acute phthisis, then, I do not meaa cases merely of short duration, nor chronic phthisis assosiated with more or less fever, nor those which, while running their course, suddenly develop acute symptoms.But I allude to cases of phthisis setting in suddenly, with high and continuous fever, great prostration, and profound involvement of the system, reminding one rather of typhus or a severe attack of typhoid fever than of a pulmonary affection.Indeed, in some instances it may be necessary to watch the course of the disease for some days before an absolute diagnosis can be made, so that the term " galloping consumption," used by many of our leading authorities, although not a scientific one, conveys to the mind a most accurate impression of the kind of disease with which we are dealing.Such cases are comparatively rare, and are only exceptionally met with in hospital practice; not only on this account, but be- cause the patients are supposed to be too ill to be removed, or, if removed, they are fully as likely to find their way into a fever as into a general hospital.There are two forms of acute phthisis: (a) acute tuberculosis, and (b) acute pneumonic phthisis.In acute tuberculosis tubercles are more or less copiously dis- seminated throughout the lungs, and often also in other, organs.But the symptoms of acute phthisis do not appear unless or until these foreign bodies produce congestion or inflammation of the pulmonary tissues, and, if the patient lives long enough, breaking down of the lung tissue may occur here and there, with the de- velopment of small excavations.That the infiltration of the lung with tubercles does not necessarily lead to acute phthisis is proved by the occasional discovery, po8t mortem, of obsolete tubercles scattered through the lungs in the case of those who never experienced pulmonary symptoms during life.
Aspirin does not potentiate effect of suboptimal dose of the thrombin inhibitor inogatran during coronary thrombolysis
Authors: L.Y. Chen, W.W. Nichols, C. Mattsson, A-C. Teger-Nilson, R. Wallin, T.G.P. Saldeen, J.L. Mehta
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Coronary artery often reoccludes after thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA). This reocclusion is thought to be due to in situ platelet activation mediated by thromboxane (Tx) A2 and thrombin; hence, aspirin and thrombin inhibitors are often used in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This study was designed to examine the modulation of coronary artery reocclusion by a novel low molecular weight direct thrombin inhibitor inogatran with or without aspirin.22 dogs with electrically-induced occlusive intracoronary thrombus were treated with saline (n = 7, group A), or high dose inogatran (0.25 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.6 mg/kg per h for 2 h, n = 5, group B), or low dose inogatran (0.125 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.3 mg/kg per h for 2 h, n = 5, group C), or aspirin+low dose inogatran (n = 5, Group D). Recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was infused for 20 min starting 2 min after the bolus in all dogs. Coronary artery blood flow was monitored for 120 min after rt-PA administration.Reperfusion rates were similar in all groups, but the time to reperfusion was shortest in group B dogs (18 +/- 2 min vs. 32 +/- 7 min in group A dogs, P < 0.05). Reocclusion rates were 80%, 0%, 50%, and 60% in groups A, B, C, and D dogs, respectively. The restored blood flow persisted for 19 +/- 10, > 120 min, 71 +/- 30 and 54 +/- 26 min in groups A, B, C, and D dogs, respectively. At the end of rt-PA infusion, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were increased 1.3-2 times the control value, and the changes in PT and APTT were similar in all groups. Thrombin generation and activity, assessed by rise in thrombin-antithrombin complex and fibrinopeptide A levels, and decrease in fibrinogen levels were most marked in group A dogs, and less so in group B, C and D dogs.These data show that high dose of direct thrombin inhibitor inogatran shortens time to reflow and abolishes coronary artery reocclusion. However, aspirin does not potentiate the effect of suboptimal doses of inogatran.
Regression of Myocardial Hypertrophy After Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: George Petrov, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Elke Lehmkuhl, Thomas Krabatsch, Anne Dunkel, Michael Dandel, Elke Dworatzek, Shokoufeh Mahmoodzadeh, Carola Schubert, Eva Becher, Hannah Hampl, Roland Hetzer
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— In patients with aortic stenosis, pressure overload induces cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Female sex and estrogens influence cardiac remodeling and fibrosis in animal models and in men. Sex differences and their molecular mechanisms in hypertrophy regression after aortic valve replacement have not yet been studied. Methods and Results— We prospectively obtained preoperative and early postoperative echocardiography in 92 patients, 53 women and 39 men, undergoing aortic valve replacement for isolated aortic stenosis. We analyzed in a subgroup of 10 patients matrix gene expression in left ventricular (LV) biopsies. In addition, we determined the effect of 17β-estradiol on collagen synthesis in isolated rat cardiac fibroblasts. Preoperatively, women and men had similar ejection fraction. Similar percentages of women and men had increased LV diameters (37% and 38%). Women more frequently exhibited LV hypertrophy than men (women: 86%; men: 56%; P &lt;0.01). Postoperatively, increased LV diameters persisted in 34% of men but only in 12% of women ( P &lt;0.023). LV hypertrophy reversed more frequently in women than in men, leading to a similar prevalence of LV hypertrophy after surgery (women: 45%; men: 36%). In surgical biopsies, men had significantly higher collagen I and III and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene expression than women. In isolated rat cardiac fibroblasts, 17β-estradiol significantly increased collagen I and III gene expressions in male cells but decreased it in female cells. Conclusion— Women adapt to pressure overload differently from men. Less fibrosis before surgery may enable faster regression after surgery.
MENINGEAL HEMORRHAGE IN THE NEW-BORN
Authors: LEÓN VELASCO BLANCO
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In the clinic of Professor Zarate of Buenos Aires, we have given particular attention to the study of meningeal hemorrhage in the new-born. Dr. Maldonado Moreno1has investigated the causes, effects and mechanism of these ruptures and their consequences: meningeal hemorrhages. But he has not been able to contribute facts of any importance as regards the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this hemorrhage, as he has not had the opportunity of observing cases of lengthy survival.  In the last four years, we have had the opportunity of following thirteen cases in which the survival was longer than twenty-four hours, and in six the recovery has been definite without sequelae. To these cases must be added nineteen still-born children or those in which death had occurred before twenty-four hours. In such cases the clinical diagnosis could not be made, and we have only the facts of the necropsy.  Our observations
Abnormal cytolytic activity of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1-deficient human cytolytic T lymphocyte clones.
Authors: S J Mentzer, B E Bierer, D C Anderson, T A Springer, S J Burakoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The involvement of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) membrane molecule in cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) interactions with lymphoid target cells was investigated using CTL clones derived from two patients with a heritable deficiency of LFA-1. LFA-1 surface expression on the CTL clones was 1% of the normal level of LFA-1, unchanged with prolonged culture, and identical on 14 different CTL clones. The function of the LFA-1 molecule was addressed using the LFA-1-deficient CTL clones and LFA-1-deficient lymphoid target cells. The lytic activity of the LFA-1-deficient CTL clones was 43% of control when tested against a target cell line expressing normal levels of LFA-1 and less than 10% of control when tested against an LFA-1-deficient target cell line. These results demonstrate a direct involvement of LFA-1 in CTL-mediated cytolysis and suggest a more general dependence on LFA-1 in lymphoid cell-cell interactions.
Group Psychoeducation Normalizes Cortisol Awakening Response in Stabilized Bipolar Patients under Pharmacological Maintenance Treatment
Authors: R. Delle Chiaie, G. Trabucchi, N. Girardi, I. Marini, R. Pannese, L. Vergnani, M. Caredda, M.P. Zerella, A. Minichino, A. Corrado, F.R. Patacchioli, S. Simeoni, M. Biondi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)
THE PLACE AND IMPORTANCE IN THE COLLEGE CURRICULUM OF THERAPEUTICS.
Authors: HOBART AMORY HARE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In discussing this question it is important that we should arrive at a definite conclusion as to what is meant by the terms materia medica and therapeutics. Sometimes these terms are used interchangeably and sometimes materia medica is used to designate the study of the medicinal substances themselves; their derivation, active principles and pharmaceutic preparations. This, I believe, to be the more modern use of the term "materia medica," while therapeutics deals with the practical application of the drugs to the relief or cure of disease, and should, in my opinion, include the study of the physiologic action, or pharmacology, of the remedies under consideration. In expressing my views as to the best means by which students are to be taught these important subjects, I may perhaps be pardoned if, for the sake of brevity, I describe the course which I have arranged for the students attending the Jefferson Medical
Decreased adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 5′nucleotidase (5NT) activity in peripheral blood T cells in hodgkin disease
Authors: James L. Murray, Roman Perez‐Soler, Daniel Bywaters, Evan M. Hersh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract The purine metabolic enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and 5′nucleotidase (5NT) play an important role in normal lymphocyte differentiation. Abnormal levels of one or all of these enzymes have been associated with immunodeficiency diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders. ADA, PNP, and 5NT activity was measured in peripheral blood T cells from 24 patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) (12 in complete remission and 12 with active disease) to determine whether an association existed between enzyme abnormalities and the decreased cellular immune function previously described in this disorder. HD patients had a significantly decreased absolute lymphocyte count (1,618 ± 1107/mm 3 ; mean ± SD) compared to controls (2,320 ± 980; p &lt;.001). ADA, PNP, and NT activity was assessed in lymphocyte extracts by measuring the conversion of radiolabeled substrates to products over time. ADA activity expressed as mean ± SEM nanomoles/10 6 lymphocytes/hr was significantly decreased in T cells from HD patients (84.6 ± 7.5) compared to controls (128 ± 12.3; p &lt; 0.025). Likewise, 5NT was significantly decreased in HD patients (12.7 ± 1.3) compared to controls (24.0 ± 3.6; p &lt;.005). There was not a significant difference in PNP activity between both groups. Low 5NT activity was present irrespective of whether patients had active disease (12.1 ± 1.5) or were in unmaintained complete remission (14.5 ± 2.4). These findings suggest that biochemical abnormalities may be responsible for or related to the persistent abnormalities in T‐cell function noted throughout the clinical course of HD.
Heroin and Thrombocytopenia
Authors: DONNA H. RYAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1979Heroin and ThrombocytopeniaDONNA H. RYAN, M.D.DONNA H. RYAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-852_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We wish to add our experience to those reported by Adams and colleagues in their paper "Thrombocytopenia and Intravenous Heroin Use" in the September 1978 issue (1).In 1976 and 1977 we saw five active intravenous heroin users (all men) who had profound thrombocytopenia, increased megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and rapid response during hospitalization with steroid treatment or splenectomy, or both. When one patient again injected heroin, his thrombocytopenia recurred.Nonimmunologic causes were excluded. None of the patients had evidence of hypersplenism. Laboratory results excluded disseminated intravascular coagulation. All five patients had normal prothrombin and partial...References1. ADAMSRUFOTALARICOSILVERMANBRAUER WRLSM: Thrombocytopenia and intravenous heroin use. Ann Intern Med 89:207-211, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. DEYKINHELLERSTEIN DL: The assessment of drug-dependent and isoimmune antiplatelet antibodies by the use of platelet aggregometry. J Clin In vest 51:3142-3153, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Louisiana State University Medical Center New Orleans, LA 70112 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCase-control study of antenatal cocaine use and platelet levelsThrombocytopenia in pregnant women who use cocaineCocaine-associated thrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenic purpura in HIV-seronegative users of intravenous cocaineSevere Thrombocytopenia Associated with Cocaine UseCindy A. Leissinger, MDMedical complications of intravenous drug useClinical significance of platelet-associated immunoglobulins in narcotic addicts with human immunodeficiency virus infectionPrevalence, Clinical, and Laboratory Features of Thrombocytopenia Among HIV-Infected IndividualsPurpura thrombopénique immunologique et infection HIV chez les héroïnomanesImmune Thrombocytopenia in Narcotics AddictsMARTIN HEER, M.D., ARTHUR VON FELTEN, M.D.Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Narcotics AddictsSTEVEN SAVONA, M.D., MICHAEL A. NARDI, M.S., EVELYN T. LENNETTE, Ph.D., SIMON KARPATKIN, M.D.Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia 1 May 1979Volume 90, Issue 5Page: 852-853KeywordsBone marrowDisseminated intravascular coagulationHeroinHeroin useHospitalizationsMegakaryocytesResearch laboratoriesSplenectomy Issue Published: 1 May 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Serotonin Syndrome Associated with Triptan Monotherapy
Authors: Offie P. Soldin, Joseph M. Tonning
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Triptans are serotonin-receptor agonists used in the treatment of migraine headaches. When administered in combination with certain drugs, such as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), triptans may precipitate the serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a triad of clinical manifestations — changes in mental status, autonomic hyperactivity, and neuromuscular abnormalities.1,2 The cause of the serotonin syndrome is related to altered serotonin synthesis, release, reuptake, metabolism, or receptor agonism.3 We investigated whether triptan monotherapy is associated with the serotonin syndrome by searching for such cases in the Food and Drug Administration's . . .
Abstract 4075: Tolfenamic Acid Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cells Growth and Tumor Development in Orthotopic Mice
Authors: Riyaz B. Mahammad, Rafael Madero-Visbal, Cheryl H. Baker, Jimmie Colon, Stephen Safe, Ala Abudayyeh, Maen Abdelrahim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Transcription factors, Specificity proteins (Sp) play a critical role in growth and metastasis of cancer and there is clear evidence that Sp1 expression is a negative prognostic factor for survival in some cancer patients. Sp proteins regulate the expression of several genes, including PSA gene and c-Met which are associated with prostate cancer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, tolfenamic acid (TA) induces the degradation of specific Sp proteins (Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4) which play critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. Sp proteins also regulate the expression of survivin, a member of inhibitor of apoptosis gene family which is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in several cancers. We have evaluated the anti-cancer activity of TA in prostate cancer. Methods and Results: Human prostate cancer cells (PC-3, DU-145 and LNcaP) were grown in the presence of DMSO (vehicle) or various concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µM) of TA and cell number and viability were measured at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment. Cell viability was measured using Cell Titr Glo kit (Promega) and the experiments were performed in triplicate. Cell lysates were prepared from the cells exposed to DMSO or 50 µM TA for 48 h and evaluated the expression of Sp proteins (Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4), and c-Met through Western blot analysis. For in vivo studies nude mice were injected with PC-3 Luc cells into the right prostate. Treatment (vehicle or 50 mg/kg TA/2 days) was initiated after one week and tumor growth was continuously monitored through Kodak imaging system. 4 weeks after the treatment tumors were isolated, measured and processed for immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of Sp proteins and c-Met. In vitro studies show a significant decrease in the cell proliferation and viability and these results are dose and time dependent in all the cell lines. Furthermore, TA treatment for 48 h significantly decreased the expression of Sp1, Sp3 and c-Met in PC-3 cells. In vivo studies revealed that TA significantly decreased the tumor weight and volume which was associated with a low expression of Sp1, Sp3 and c-Met in tumor sections as evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Targeting key transcription factors such as Sp proteins using a small molecule compound, TA is a new strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer and our results are very crucial in the development of a safe, cost effective drug for the treatment of this devastating disease. Studies to test the effect of TA on critical genes associated with prostate cancer and TA's impact on developing higher response to radiation therapy are underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4075.
Abstract A50: Interleukin-1β induced HIF-1α transcriptional activity in glioma cells is regulated by Ras via NFκB
Authors: Vivek Sharma, Nitin Koul, Veer Singh Mehta, Ellora Sen
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: We observed elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumor samples. Since Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays a crucial role in linking inflammatory and oncogenic pathways, we investigated the effect of IL-1β on HIF-1α expression in glioma cells under normoxia. Experimental Procedures: Cytokine bead array was performed to determine the status of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in control and GBM human tissues. The effect of IL-1β on HIF-1α expression and transcriptional activity in glioma cell lines was determined by immunoblotting and reporter assay. The pathways involved in IL-1β mediated HIF-induction was determined by examining NFκB transcriptional activity and Ras activity, siRNA and immunoblotting blotting. To dissect the existence of autocrine loop between IL-1β and HIF-1α Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed. Results and Conclusions: IL-1β levels were elevated in GBM tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue as assessed by cytokine bead array. IL-1β induced HIF-1α expression and transcriptional activity in glioma cells under normoxia. Antagonizing of IL-1β signaling by blocking MyD88 activation downstream of the IL-1R or direct NFκB inhibition abolished HIF-1α activity, indicating a role of IL-1β induced NFκB in HIF-1α regulation. IL-1β mediated increased Ras activity is responsible for increased HIF-1α activity as down regulation of Ras resulted in a significant reduction in both NFκB and HIF-1α of IL-1β activity. These results implicate Ras as an upstream mediator of IL-1β induced NFκB and HIF-1α activation. Increased Ras expression was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Ras effectors AKT, ERK, JNK and p38MAPK. However, inhibition of these effectors failed to block IL-1β mediated increase in HIF-1α induction. Interestingly, IL-1β elevated Wnt-1 expression in a Ras dependent manner and siRNA mediated knock-down of Wnt-1 decreased HIF-1α activity. Although Wnt-1 mediated HIF-1α was independent of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, it regulated HIF-1α through NF-κB. IL-1β induced HIF-1α expression resulted in its increased interaction with HIF responsive element (HRE) on the IL-1β promoter, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that under normoxia, IL-1β induced IL-1β HIF-1α autocrine loop establishes a vicious cycle of IL-1β secretion and HIF-1α stabilization. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A50.
European agencies find 14% of flu isolates are resistant to oseltamivir
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

European laboratories have detected an unusually high rate of resistance to the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) in random samples of seasonal influenza virus taken from around the continent.

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and other agencies reported last week that oseltamivir resistance had been detected in 59 of 437 influenza A (H1N1) isolates from around Europe, a rate of 14%. In previous years, resistance has generally been found in about 1% of isolates.

The highest rate of resistance was found in samples from Norway, with 12 out of 16 tested isolates resistant to oseltamivir. Austria and Italy …