tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Syphilitic Spondylitis: With a Report of Two Cases
Authors: M. Horwitz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1948)

Syphilitic spondylitis is due to the Treponema pallidum invading the periosteum and bones of the vertebral column in tertiary syphilis, and should not be confused with Charcot's joints of the spine which may occur in tabes dorsalis.Syphilitic spondylitis is well recognized but is rare, and there are few references to the condition in recent literature.This appears to be due partly to the difficulty in proving the diagnosis in the absence of histological or autopsy proof of the syphilitic aetiology.In 1914 Hunt reviewed the literature and stated that there were about a hundred well-authenticated cases recorded.Since that time other cases have been described, and in more recent years three cases were described by Freedman and Meschan (1q43), and three cases by Sgalitzer (1941).Autopsies were performed upon two of Freedman and Meschan's cases.The marked predilection of syphilitic spondylitis for the cervical vertebrae has been repeatedly stressed.Ziesche (1910) reviewed eighty-eight cases and found that the cervical region was affected in 70 per cent.
THE MECHANISM OF TRANSMISSION OF TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI FROM RAT TO RAT BY THE RAT FLEA
Authors: C. Strickland
Journal: BMJ (1911)

TRANSMISSION OF TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI.[ M o 10o49with a cold and cough for a fortnight.When admitted he was evidently very ill, and his face was pinched.Respiration was hurried, and evidently gave him pain as did a slight hacking tugh.Temperature 1000 F., pulse 108, respirations 44.The abdomen did not move well on respiration, and respiration was mainly thoracic in type and sballow.The upper abdomen was resistant and very tender to pressure, but no definite spot of tenderness was localized.No lump could be felt, and he was not tender per rectum.The abdomen was tympanitic all over, x.zept slight dullness over the stomach, and there was very slij'ht reduction of liver dullness, almost imperceptible.On the right side of the chest, about the fourth and fifth ribs, there was msrked bronchial breathing with crepitations and dullness.A diagnosis of perforated gastric ulcer was made and the abdomen opened.A perforation was found in the stomach at its Junction with the oesophagus; this was closed by an omental flap.
Raising the bar for connectionist modeling of cognitive developmental disorders
Authors: Morten H. Christiansen, Christopher M. Conway, Michelle R. Ellefson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Cognitive developmental disorders cannot be properly understood without due attention to the developmental process, and we commend the authors’simulations in this regard. We note the contribution of these simulations to the nascent field of connectionist modeling of developmental disorders and outline a set of criteria for assessing individual models in the hope of furthering future modeling efforts.
New research body to look at chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A national consortium has been set up to help research into chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalitis (ME). Researchers and funders attended its launch in London on 22 April.

The new UK-wide Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalitis Research Collaborative (CMRC) is chaired by Stephen Holgate, professor of immunology at the University of Southampton. At a press conference he announced, “For the first time the research community and funders in the UK have joined forces in this unique new collaboration to create a step change in the amount and quality of research into …
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MITRAL REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE REGURGITANT JETS USING PROXIMAL ISOVELOCITY SURFACE AREA: HEAD TO HEAD COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO- VERSUS THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Eiichi Hyodo, Shinichi Iwata, Aylin Tugcu, Marco R. Di Tullio, Takashi Muro, Minoru Yoshiyama, Shunichi Homma, Linda D. Gillam, Rebecca T. Hahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Risk Factors for the Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Asymptomatic Subjects
Authors: Richard A. Kronmal, Robyn L. McClelland, Robert Detrano, Steven Shea, João A. Lima, Mary Cushman, Diane E. Bild, Gregory L. Burke
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) provides an opportunity to study the association of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with the incidence and progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a large community-based cohort with no evidence of clinical cardiovascular disease.Follow-up CAC measurements were available for 5756 participants with an average of 2.4 years between scans. The incidence of newly detectable CAC averaged 6.6% per year. Incidence increased steadily across age, ranging from <5% annually in those <50 years of age to >12% in those >80 years of age. Median annual change in CAC for those with existing calcification at baseline was 14 Agatston units for women and 21 Agatston units for men. Most traditional cardiovascular risk factors were associated with both the risk of developing new incident coronary calcium and increases in existing calcification. These included age, male gender, white race/ethnicity, hypertension, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, glucose, and family history of heart attack. Factors also existed that were related only to incident CAC risk, such as low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and creatinine. Diabetes mellitus had the strongest association with CAC progression for blacks and the weakest for Hispanics, with intermediate associations for whites and Chinese.This is the first large multiethnic study reporting on the incidence and progression of CAC. Standard coronary risk factors were generally related to both CAC incidence and progression. Whites had more incident CAC and CAC progression than the other 3 racial/ethnic groups. Except for diabetes mellitus, risk factor relationships were similar across racial/ethnic groups.
Treatment of Benign Gastrointestinal Tumors with the Neodymium:YAG Laser
Authors: R. Sander, H. Poesl
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Between November, 1978 and July, 1985 36 recurrent broad-based villous adenomas in the gastrointestinal tract were treated with the Nd:YAG laser. Treatment was successful in 29 patients, who showed no recurrence within a period of six months or more. The average follow-up time was 16 months. Seven patients are still being treated. No serious complications occurred.
Mapping and Prediction of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis with Bioavailable Iron Content in the Bituminous Coals
Authors: Xi Huang, Weihong Li, Michael D. Attfield, Arthur Nádas, Krystyna Frenkel, Robert B. Finkelman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Based on the first National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP) and the U.S. Geological Survey database of coal quality, we show that the prevalence of CWP in seven coal mine regions correlates with levels of bioavailable iron (BAI) in the coals from that particular region (correlation coefficient r = 0.94, p < 0.0015). CWP prevalence is also correlated with contents of pyritic sulfur (r = 0.91, p < 0.0048) or total iron (r = 0.85, p < 0.016) but not with coal rank (r = 0.59, p < 0.16) or silica (r = 0.28, p < 0.54). BAI was calculated using our model, taking into account chemical interactions of pyrite, sulfuric acid, calcite, and total iron. That is, iron present in coals can become bioavailable by pyrite oxidation, which produces ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid. Calcite is the major component in coals that neutralizes the available acid and inhibits iron's bioavailability. Therefore, levels of BAI in the coals are determined by the available amounts of acid after neutralization of calcite and the amount of total iron in the coals. Using the linear fit of CWP prevalence and the calculated BAI in the seven coal mine regions, we have derived and mapped the pneumoconiotic potencies of 7,000 coal samples. Our studies indicate that levels of BAI in the coals may be used to predict coal's toxicity, even before large-scale mining.
Juvenile Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Carroll L. Spurling, Milton S. Sacks, Rouben M. Jiji
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE occasional occurrence of megaloblastic anemia in early childhood was recognized at least thirty years ago, but the relative rarity of cases and the paucity of knowledge of their pathogenesis prevented adequate understanding and classification. Many of the cases were ultimately demonstrated to be the result of folic acid deficiency.1 A few seemed to fulfill the criteria for classic pernicious anemia. In 1937 Langmead and Doniach2 described an infant who was thought to have true pernicious anemia, and in 1940 Pohl3 presented evidence that his thirteen-year-old patient lacked intrinsic factor. Subsequently, the application of criteria for the diagnosis of adult . . .
UK urges free basic health care in poor countries
Authors: Robert Short
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The abolition of fees for basic health services in developing countries, as achieved in Uganda, will remove a major barrier to improvement in the health of people in these nations. And such initiatives should be supported by the countries themselves and international donors.

This is the belief of Hilary Benn, the United Kingdom's secretary of state for international development and head of the Department for International Development, which manages Britain's aid to poor countries. He was speaking at a debate at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, and also launching the progress report on the UK's maternal health strategy.

Citing the work of Chris …
Multiple Myeloma in a Young Person
Authors: ROMESH Kohli
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Cases of multiple myeloma in young people are very rare.<sup>1-3</sup>In some of the cases reported, there were no hallmarks of myelomas, and, in fact, there were more benign plasmacytic tumors.<sup>3</sup>We present a case of a man who showed all the characteristic features of multiple myeloma and had a short clinical course. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 25-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for management of chronic renal failure. Four months previously he had complained of increasing weakness, back pain, and weight loss. One month prior to this hospitalization he was admitted to another hospital where hemodialysis was begun. At his last admission he had bradycardia (55 beats per minute), paralysis of the left side of the face, generalized peripheral lymphadenopathy, a palpable tip of the spleen, and a slightly enlarged liver. The hemoglobin level was 5.6 g/dl, and the ESR was
Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a North American adult hemodialysis patient population
Authors: Gerald Y. Minuk, Dong Feng Sun, Rebecca Greenberg, Manna Zhang, Kimberly Hawkins, Julia Uhanova, Adam Gutkin, Kevin Bernstein, Antonio Giulivi, Carla Osiowy
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections continue to occur in adult hemodialysis units. A possible contributing factor is the presence of occult HBV (serum hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] negative but HBV DNA positive). Two hundred forty-one adult hemodialysis patients were screened for occult HBV. HBV DNA testing was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 2 independent primer sets (core promoter and surface). Two (0.8%) of the 241 patients were HBsAg positive. Of the remaining 239 HBsAg-negative patients, 9 (3.8%) were HBV DNA positive. Viral loads in these individuals were low (10 2 -10 4 viral copies/mL). Seven of the 9 (78%) were nt 587 mutation (sG145R mutant) positive. Demographic, biochemical, and HBV serological testing did not help to identify those with occult HBV. In conclusion , the prevalence of occult HBV in adult hemodialysis patients in this North American urban center is approximately 4 to 5 times higher than standard HBsAg testing would suggest. The majority of these infections are associated with low viral loads and a high prevalence of the sG145R mutant. Finally, the demographic, biochemical, and/or serological features of HBV DNA-positive subjects do not distinguish these individuals from the remainder of the dialysis patient population. (Hepatology 2004; 40:1072-1077.)
Reciprocal Modifications of CLIC4 in Tumor Epithelium and Stroma Mark Malignant Progression of Multiple Human Cancers
Authors: Kwang S. Suh, John M. Crutchley, Arash Koochek, Andrew Ryscavage, Kiran Bhat, Takemi Tanaka, Akira Oshima, Peter Fitzgerald, Stuart H. Yuspa
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

CLIC4, a member of a family of intracellular chloride channels, is regulated by p53, c-Myc, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Regulation by factors involved in cancer pathogenesis, together with the previously shown proapoptotic activity of CLIC4, suggests that the protein may have a tumor suppressor function. To address this possibility, we characterized the expression profile, subcellular localization, and gene integrity of CLIC4 in human cancers and determined the functional consequences of CLIC4 expression in tumor epithelium and stromal cells.CLIC4 expression profiles were analyzed by genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, and tissue microarrays. CLIC4 expression, as a consequence of crosstalk between stroma and epithelium, was tested in vitro by coculture of breast epithelial tumor cells and normal fibroblasts, and the functional consequences of CLIC4 expression was tested in vivo in xenografts of human breast tumor cell lines reconstituted with CLIC4 or mixed with fibroblasts that overexpress CLIC4 transgenically.In cDNA arrays of matched human normal and tumor tissues, CLIC4 expression was reduced in renal, ovarian, and breast cancers. However, CLIC4 protein levels were variable in tumor lysate arrays. Transcript sequences of CLIC4 from the human expressed sequence tag database and manual sequencing of cDNA from 60 human cancer cell lines (NCI60) failed to reveal deletion or mutations in the CLIC4 gene. On matched tissue arrays, CLIC4 was predominantly nuclear in normal human epithelial tissues but not cancers. With advancing malignant progression, CLIC4 staining became undetectable in tumor cells, but expression increased in stromal cells coincident with up-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin, suggesting that CLIC4 is up-regulated in myofibroblasts. Coculture of cancer cells and fibroblasts induced the expression of both CLIC4 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in fibroblasts adjacent to tumor nests. Introduction of CLIC4 or nuclear targeted CLIC4 via adenovirus into human breast cancer xenografts inhibited tumor growth, whereas overexpression of CLIC4 in stromal cells of xenografts enhanced tumor growth.Loss of CLIC4 in tumor cells and gain in tumor stroma is common to many human cancers and marks malignant progression. Up-regulation of CLIC4 in tumor stroma is coincident with myofibroblast conversion, generally a poor prognostic indicator. Reactivation and restoration of CLIC4 in tumor cells or the converse in tumor stromal cells could provide a novel approach to inhibit tumor growth.
Ichthyosiform eruptions in association with primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Authors: S. Morizane, N. Setsu, T. Yamamoto, T. Hamada, G. Nakanishi, K. Asagoe, K. Iwatsuki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Malignant lymphoma is occasionally complicated by ichthyosiform eruptions.To analyse histopathologically the ichthyosiform eruptions associated with cutaneous lymphomas.We reviewed the files of patients with malignant lymphoma seen in our dermatology department between January 2001 and May 2006 to search for patients with ichthyosiform eruptions.In our series, nine of 106 patients with malignant lymphomas had ichthyosiform eruptions during their clinical courses, including three (30%) of 10 patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and six (14%) of 44 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF). None of the 18 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma had ichthyosiform eruptions. The three patients with ALCL had ichthyosiform eruptions histopathologically consistent with acquired ichthyosis (AI) in which packed horny layers and thin granular layers were present without lymphocytic infiltration. In contrast, four of the six patients with MF (stages Ib and IIb) had ichthyosiform eruptions with epidermotropic infiltration of atypical lymphocytes, as observed in ichthyosiform MF (IMF). Of the remaining two patients, one showed histopathological features overlapping AI and IMF, and the other had AI alone. These two patients (stages IVa and IIb) had tumours composed of CD30+ cells. Filaggrin expression was markedly diminished in both AI and IMF-like eruptions, similar to that of inherited ichthyosis vulgaris.Ichthyosiform eruptions are often associated with ALCL and MF and can be classified into three groups: AI associated with ALCL and MF expressing CD30, IMF, and their overlap.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM ANTIBODIES AND SUBCLINICAL INFECTIONS WITH POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS
Authors: Gordon C. Brown, John D. Ainslie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Three families in which cases of poliomyelitis had recently occurred were studied for the extent of subclinical infection and the presence of serum antibodies to both the mouse-adapted Lansing strain and the specific strain of poliomyelitis isolated from members of the family. Virus was recovered from the stools of all 5 cases and from 8 of 17 familial associates at the time of the first collection of specimens. Only two of the associates were still carrying virus 3 weeks later. The individuals from whom virus was recovered were younger than 11 years of age with two exceptions, one of them a frank case. Antibodies to the mouse-adapted Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus were demonstrated in the sera of every person 11 years of age or older but in none from individuals under this age with the possible exception of one whose second specimen was weakly positive. Antibodies for the specific agent isolated from each family were likewise found at the beginning of the study in every person over 11 years of age but also in 4 of 9 under that age. The neutralization indices of sera of the second collection were generally higher than those of the sera collected soon after the disease occurred in the family, reflecting the antigenic stimulus of the "family" viruses. The inverse relationship of demonstrable antibodies to virus isolations strongly suggests that the presence of serum antibodies is effective in limiting subclinical infection with poliomyelitis virus. The question of cross-immunity in protection against infection with poliomyelitis virus is discussed.
Mandatory Parental Consent to Abortion
Authors: Oscar W. Clarke, John Glasson, Allison M. August, John A. Barrasso, Charles H. Epps, Robert McQuillan, Victoria N. Ruff, Charles W. Plows, George T. Wilkins, David Orentlicher
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This report analyzes the ethical issues raised by requirements that parents be involved when minors seek an abortion. Parents are generally supportive and understanding and can provide helpful guidance to their children. In some cases, however, parents may respond abusively to the knowledge that their minor child is pregnant or is considering an abortion. In addition, privacy in matters of health care is a profound need of minors as well as adults. Accordingly, the Council concludes that, while minors should be encouraged to discuss their pregnancy with their parents and other adults, minors should not be required to involve their parents before deciding whether to undergo an abortion.  ( JAMA . 1993;269:82-86)
A partnership study of PCBs and the health of Mohawk youth: lessons from our past and guidelines for our future.
Authors: L M Schell, A M Tarbell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

This paper describes a research partnership between the people of Akwesasne and researchers from the State University of New York at Albany for the study of polychlorinated biphenyls and the health of Mohawk youth. The study is distinctive because its goals have been set by the scientists and the community members and is being conducted jointly by these groups. The research partnership recognizes the history of relationships between native and nonnative peoples, particularly scientists, and seeks not only to fulfill certain scientific goals but to further community ones as well. The relationship is based on three principles: mutual respect, mutual equity, and mutual empowerment. These principles guided every aspect of the research process. The project goals were determined jointly to maximize data quality and minimize the intrusion of research activities into the lives of community members. Data collection is performed by research assistants who received extensive and ongoing training in data collection methods, and who are members of the community. Feedback procedures were designed by community members and scientists jointly to maximize understanding. Feedback regarding individuals' pollutant levels and assessments of growth and development are provided to each individual. Information about community pollutant levels are provided to the community. Hypothesis testing is carried out by research scientists, and the results presented first at a community meeting. Research conducted in this way--as a partnership--requires more communication, discussion, and travel, but the result is mutual satisfaction and growth.
Self-reported Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the United States, 1988
Authors: Sevgi O. Aral
Journal: JAMA (1991)

--To assess any changes in the characteristics of women with self-reported pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) between 1982 and 1988 and to evaluate the role of additional behavioral factors. In 1982, PID was a frequent problem among American women of reproductive age, occurring in one in seven. It was also more common among older (greater than or equal to 30 years) than younger women, more common among blacks than among whites, and more common among formerly married women than among those currently married.--We analyzed data on self-reported PID from the cycle IV National Survey of Family Growth, conducted in 1988.--The survey was conducted with a multistage probability sample of 8450 women.--The findings from 1982 were all replicated. Additional variables available in 1988 show that PID is more common among women with multiple (two or more) sexual partners (10% to 22%) compared with those with only one lifetime partner (7%) and among women who report a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) (26%) compared with those with no STD history (10%). Controlling for other variables, age, race, vaginal douching, age at first intercourse, STD history, and number of lifetime partners emerged as independent predictors of self-reported PID among American women of reproductive age.--PID is still a widely prevalent condition among American women, PID is associated with a variety of risk factors for STD. Prevention of lower genital tract infection is crucial to avoiding PID and its sequelae.
Polymyositis and Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Bruce S. Samuels
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ALTHOUGH Kagen et al<sup>1</sup>suggest a causal relationship between polymyositis and toxoplasmosis, only two of their ten patients had sequential antibody studies when treated with pyrimethamine and sulfonamides, both of whom showed some fall in antibody titers. Our report involves a patient with classical polymyositis that improved after a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was established and the disease treated. Improvement coincided with the fall of<i>Toxoplasma</i>titers on three separate occasions. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 49-year-old woman noted aching in and discoloration of her hands, dysphagia, and then weakness of her shoulder and pelvic girdles. Subsequently, intermittent swelling of the periorbital regions developed, along with mild arthralgias, slight swelling of the fingers, and an erythematous leg discoloration accentuated by prolonged standing. The shoulder girdle was tender and the shoulder and pelvic girdle musculature was considerably weak, particularly in the neck extensors and hip abductors. Telangiectasia was present over the anterior