tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suppression of T-cell activation by pulmonary alveolar macrophages: dissociation of effects on TcR, IL-2R expression, and proliferation
Authors: DH Strickland, UR Kees, PG Holt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Suppression of local T-cell activation in the lower respiratory tract by resident pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) is believed to play an important role in the maintenance of local immunological homeostasis. However, the mechanism(s) by which pulmonary alveolar macrophages regulate T-cell responses are poorly characterized. The present study examines early events during the activation process in mitogen-stimulated T-cell cultures, in which proliferation was completely blocked by the presence of pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Despite inhibition of proliferation, the T-cells demonstrated normal Ca++ flux, normal modulation of surface expression of CD3 and T-cell receptor alpha/beta (TCR alpha/beta), upregulation of interleukin-2 receptors alpha and beta (IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta), and secretion of high levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Thus, pulmonary alveolar macrophage regulation of T-cell activation appears to permit initial expression of effector function, but selectively inhibits further amplification of the overall T-cell response by limiting clonal expansion of the activated effector T-cell.
COMPARISON OF HIGHLY SENSITIVE TROPONIN I AND T RESULTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: William Parsonage, Louise Cullen, Jaimi Greenslade, Jill Tate, Jacobus Ungerer, Christopher Hammett, Carel Pretorius, Kevin Chu, Anthony Brown
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASELINE LIPOPROTEIN PARAMETERS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN CORONARY PATIENTS
Authors: Prakash C. Deedwania, Andrei Breazna, David DeMicco, John C. LaRosa, James Shepherd, Matti J. Tikkanen, Ingar Holme, Anders G. Olsson, Terje Pedersen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Bilateral Pulmonary Artery Aneurysms Associated with Persistent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: J. E. Jelinek, T. K. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1958)

True aneurysms of the pulmonary artery and of its major branches are exceedingly rare.In the following case saccu- lar aneurysms of the right and left pulmonary arteries were found at necropsy, associated with a large persistent ductus arteriosus. CASE REPORTA male machinist, aged 44 at the time of his death in 1956, first came under medical care in St. George's Hospital in 1949 for investigation of recent cough, pain in the right side of the chest, and dyspnoea.His family doctor noticed auricular fibrillation 10 days before admission and digitalized him, sinus rhythm returning 48 hours later.He had had bronchitis as a child and pleurisy at the age of 24.Examination in 1949 revealed a gross kyphoscoliosis with depressed sternum and left mediastinal shift.A diastolic murmur followed the second aortic sound in the second and third left interspaces.He was not cyanosed and showed no clubbing.The pulse was regular.The apex beat was forceful and situated 5 in. (12.5 cm.) from the midline in the left fifth interspace.A palpable thrill was felt over the apex.The blood pressure was 110/70.There was no evidence of congestive failure.Report on chest x-ray examination and screening: " The heart appears to be enlarged generally and there is some deformity of the thoracic aorta, probably due to skeletal abnormality.A very large, dense, rounded opacity is
Recurrent Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis with Glomerular Properdin Deposition in Allografts
Authors: STEPHEN W. ZIMMERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Two children with renal allografts developed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis that was histopathologically similar to their original disease. Recurrent disease was diagnosed in biopsy specimens from one child with a cadaveric graft, at 2 and at 5½ years after transplantation. The graft remains functional at 6 years, although persistent hematuria, proteinuria, and mild renal failure are evident. The second child received a D-match kidney from her brother. Two years later recurrent glomerulonephritis and chronic graft rejection necessitated a transplant nephrectomy. Immunofluorescence microscopy of renal allografts from both patients showed glomerular deposition of C3 and properdin, with minimal or no deposition of complement-fixing immunoglobulins. Glomerular deposits of properdin factor B (C3 proactivator) were also seen in one of the children. These findings suggest that membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis may recur in renal allografts, possibly through activation of the alternate complement pathway.
Moving Toward Evidence-Based Complementary Care
Authors: Allan H. Goroll
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Are Active Video Games Useful in Increasing Physical Activity and Addressing Obesity in Children?
Authors: Adrian Bauman, Rona Macniven
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Histocompatibility antigens in inflammatory bowel disease. Their clinical significance and their association with arthropathy with special reference to HLA-B27 (W27).
Authors: E G Mallas, P Mackintosh, P Asquith, W T Cooke
Journal: Gut (1976)

Histocompatibility (HLA) antigen phenotypes have been studied in 100 patients with ulcerative colitis, 100 with Crohn's disease, and 283 normal controls. In addition the incidence of ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis, and "enteropathic" peripheral arthropathy was determined in the patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There was no significant difference in antigen frequency between patients and controls. However, the incidence of HLA-B27 was increased in the patients complicated by ankylosing spondylitis and/or sacroiliitis in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In contrast, none of the 29 IBD patients with "enteropathic" peripheral arthropathy had B27 antigen. Furthermore, ankylosing spondylitis was found more frequently in ulcerative colitis bearing HLA-B27 compared with non-B27 patients (P less than 0-01). The same was found in Crohn's disease, although this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, 12 of 14 ulcerative colitis patients and five out of six Crohn's patients with HLA-B27 had total colitis, compared with the frequency of total colitis in non-B27 patients (P less than 0-024 and less than 0-03 respectively). The data suggest that B27 histocompatibility antigen could be a pathogenetic discriminator between the arthropathies in IBD and may be of prognostic significance with respect to extension and severity of the disease.
Low-Dose Peginterferon Alfa-2a Is Safe and Produces a Sustained Virologic Response in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C and End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Markus Peck–Radosavljevic, John Boletis, Fatih Besisik, Maria Lúcia Ferraz, Laurent Alric, Didier Samuel, Diethelm Messinger, Andreas Tietz, Hugo Cheinquer
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Trial marriage between primary and secondary health care
Authors: M S B Vaile
Journal: BMJ (1981)

little evidence that physiological quantities of 1,25(OH)2D3 in vivo increase bone resorption in mammals,4 although this may occur in egg- laying birds.}This suggests that a hormone protecting the maternal skeleton need not be a significant biological requirement in pregnancy, and that calcitonin remains a hormone seeking a function in man.
Plasma Proteins for Risk Prediction in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Thomas J. Richards, Naftali Kaminski, Kevin F. Gibson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

months after cessation of treatment (4).In a randomized controlled trial of 64 children with obstructive sleep apnea, a 6-week treatment with intranasal budesonide significantly improved the severity of mild obstructive sleep apnea and underlying adenoidal hypertrophy compared with placebo; this effect persisted for at least 8 weeks after cessation of therapy (5).A metaanalysis of five randomized trials including a total of 349 patients concluded that that nasal steroids can significantly improve nasal obstruction symptoms and reduce adenoid size in children with moderate to severe adenoidal hypertrophy (6).This is the likely mechanism of the improvement of sleep-disordered breathing in children who receive intranasal steroids.I agree with Kheirandish-Gozal and Gozal, who concluded, "These findings justify the use of topical steroids as the initial therapeutic option in otherwise healthy children with mild obstructive sleep apnea" (5).
Otitis Media and Fever
Authors: John M. Goldenring
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Schwartz et al (1981;245:2057) provides strong evidence for the commonly held belief that high fever and acute otitis media are seldom associated. However, the article does not discuss why a few children do experience high fevers with otitis. I have been taught that the association of high fever and otitis occurs if one of three conditions is met: (1) there is an idiosyncratically exaggerated febrile response; (2) there is an intercurrent viral illness with viremia; or (3) there is a concurrent bacteremia. The work of the last decade<sup>1,2</sup>has shown that unsuspected bacteremia with high fever occurs commonly in young children at an age when they are also prone to otitis media and that the most common organisms in both conditions are<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>and pneumococcus. Otitis has been shown definitely to occur in association with bacteremias with both organisms.<sup>1,3</sup>I
Disruption of NGF binding to the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75LNTR reduces NGF binding to TrkA on PC12 cells
Authors: Philip A. Barker, Eric M. Shooter
Journal: Neuron (1994)

The role of the low affinity neurotrophin receptor, p75LNTR, in NGF-mediated signal transduction has been examined. Our results show that treatment of PC12 cells with MC192, a monoclonal antibody directed against p75LNTR, results in reduced NGF binding to TrkA and attenuated TrkA activation. Use of mutant NGF that binds TrkA but not p75LNTR shows that the MC192 effect requires that NGF bind the p75LNTR receptor. To explore the possibility that MC192 disrupts some normal functional role of p75LNTR, BDNF was used to block binding of NGF to p75LNTR on PC12 cells. By preventing NGF binding to p75LNTR, NGF binding to TrkA and NGF-mediated signal transduction were reduced. We propose that p75LNTR normally acts to increase binding of NGF to TrkA, possibly by increasing the local NGF concentration in the microenvironment surrounding the cell surface TrkA receptor.
Endoscopic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: M. Kida
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

There are many risk factors for carcinogenesis, including cigarette smoking, alcohol, coffee drinking. However, it is difficult to investigate the extent to which such factors are significantly responsible for the development of cancer. Kaneko et al. investigated whether daily consumption of alcohol and/or cigarette smoking is related to an initial esophageal carcinoma lesion [1]. Video endoscopy with Lugol staining was carried out in 1257 consecutive patients - 641 with daily consumption of alcohol and/or cigarettes, representing a high-risk population, and 616 patients alcohol or cigarette consumption, representing a low-risk population. The rate of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in the high-risk population was 1.7 % (11/641), compared with 1.8 % (11/616) in the low-risk population (P = 0.925); for high-grade dysplasia (HGD), the figures were 2.0 % (13/641) vs. 0.3 % (2/616) (P < 0.0001). The rates of alcohol drinking and/or cigarette smoking in patients with LGD, HGD, and invasive carcinoma were 50 % (11/22), 87 % (13/15), and 90 % (63/70), respectively. The authors concluded that daily consumption of alcohol and/or cigarettes is not significantly related to the initiation of carcinogenesis in the esophagus, but they suggest that such consumption may act as a promoter for progression from LGD to HGD.
Intraoperative Detection of Ganglioneuromas With 123I-MIBG
Authors: Leonie Theresia van Hulsteijn, Bernies van der Hiel, Jan W.A. Smit, Marcel P. Stokkel, Eleonora P.M. Corssmit
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Radioactive MIBG can be used in radioguided surgery for neuroendocrine tumors. We report the case of a man with a mutation in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) gene, in which an abdominal MRI scan identified two 5-mm left para-aortic nodules, suspect for paragangliomas. Subsequent SPECT revealed increased uptake of tracer. 123I MIBG probe-guided resection was scheduled. During surgery, 2 small nodules with elevated activity in between the superior mesenteric artery and the left adrenal gland were identified by the detection probe and were resected. Histopathologic examination revealed mature ganglioneuromas.
Update on the management of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: J.P. Callen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

This paper reviews the latest treatments for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. It focuses on evidence-based guidance for the management of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, with identification of the strength of evidence available at this time. In addition, I have briefly reviewed the epidemiological aspects, diagnosis and evaluation of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. This review reflects data available from the Cochrane Library, Medline, literature searches, and the experience of the author managing patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus for over 25 years.
The Nodular Thyroid Gland and Cancer
Authors: Frank J. Veith, John R. Brooks, William P. Grigsby, Herbert A. Selenkow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

The selection of patients with clinically nodular thyroid glands for operation to prevent or treat thyroid cancer is still a subject of dispute. Unlike most other tumors, thyroid cancer has an unusually broad spectrum of behavior. At one extreme is the well differentiated, slow-growing process that behaves in an almost benign manner. At the other extreme is the poorly differentiated, rapidly fatal anaplastic process. Knowledge of the broad zone between these two extremes is limited, and whether the "harmless" tumor at the benign end of the spectrum can progress with the passage of time to the malignant end is not . . .
IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES
Authors: Richard H. P. Sia, Martin H. Dawson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. Further observations on the conditions under which transformation of pneumococcal types may be induced by in vitro procedures are presented. 2. R cultures possessing only slight degrees of R stability are most suitable for transformation purposes by in vitro procedures. 3. Vaccines prepared from cultures subjected to the action of bacterial enzymes liberated (a) in old broth cultures, (b) during mechanical disruption of young bacterial cells, are not effective in inducing transformation of type. 4. The property of an S vaccine responsible for transformation of type is not related to the specific soluble substance of pneumococcus. 5. Attempts to effect transformation of type by the use of cell-free extracts of pneumococcus have so far proved unsuccessful.
Abstract B31: An interspecies comparison between the structure and products of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene
Authors: Adam Freeman, T. J. Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide (PTHrP) is widely expressed across many species. It acts as a key regulator of cellular metabolic control, including calcium metabolism, and plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of many normal tissues. It also plays an intriguing role in neoplasia of multiple organs, and is thought integral to Breast Cancer in particular. PTHrP has been characterised in many animals in addition to humans. A review of the contemporaneous literature was performed to make this comparison. Although its complexity and composition differ, the PTHrP gene has been shown to have several well-conserved regions across different species; gene products have demonstrated physiological inter-species activity. Three main functional domains have been identified in humans, with similarities in other species. Examination of these areas has yielded insight into the physiology and function of the gene. In humans, potential splicing of PTHrP pre-messenger RNA yields three potential isotypes of 139, 141, and 173 amino acids. Whereas rats and mice produce 141 and 139; chickens several 139 amino acid peptides; Xenopus a 144 and 131; sea bream125 and 126 ; and the elephant shark a single 156 amino acid product. These genes are represented graphically and a review of functional domains is performed. Citation Format: Adam Freeman, T. J. Martin. An interspecies comparison between the structure and products of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B31.
GMC struck off twice as many doctors in 2009 as in previous year
Authors: N. Chanchlani
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The number of doctors who were struck off the medical register doubled between 2008 and 2009, annual statistics from the General Medical Council show.

A total of 85 doctors were struck off, compared with 42 in the previous year, the figures reveal. The number of fitness to practise panel hearings also went up by 32%, from 204 to 270. On top of the 85 doctors struck off last year, a further 77 were suspended.

Paul Philip, deputy chief executive and director of standards and fitness to practise, said the …
Treatment of Pericardial Effusion With Local Corticosteroid Injections-Reply
Authors: Jerry C. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I am grateful to Dr Twardowski for calling to my attention his report of intrapericardial injections of corticosteroids as a treatment for uremic pericarditis, which no doubt led others later to try to perfect and popularize this method. However, he is not correct when he states that "local steroids were always used in conjunction with drainage." In the references we cited for treatment of tamponade caused by rheumatoid pericarditis, the patients were treated with aspiration and instillation of deposteroids alone, without prolonged drainage. We are also aware of a report of similar management to avoid prolonged drainage or pericardectomy in tamponade from other causes.<sup>1</sup>Those authors concluded, "We feel that hemodynamically significant uremic pericardial effusions should be treated first by pericardiocentesis and intrapericardial instillation of triamcinolone hexacetomide. We would reserve pericardiectomy for those cases in which loculations prevent adequate aspiration of the effusion or in which tamponade
CLINICAL DIAGNOSES AND AUTOPSY FINDINGS AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION: DISCREPANCIES AFFECTING MANAGEMENT AND SURVIVAL &amp;ndash; NEHTS STUDY (NECROPSY HEART TRANSPLANTATION STUDY)
Authors: Edimar Alcides Bocchi, Thiago Ninck Valette, Silvia Moreira Ayub-Ferreira, Victor Issa, Luiz Alberto Benvenuti, Fernando Bacal, Alfredo In&aacute;cio Fiorelli, Paulo Chizzola, Germano Souza, Pablo Pomerantzeff, Noedir Stolf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Data for management: the Korner Report.
Authors: D Black
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Health Service administrators need information on the numbers and types of patients using their hospital beds and wards, outpatient clinics, operating theatres, day-care facilities, accident departments, and so on.How and where they should get these data-a complex issue-has been studied for the past two years by an NHS/DHSS steering group chaired by Mrs E Korner, and its first report' has just been published.The steering group was charged not only to "agree" but also to "implement and keep under review" the "principles and procedures to guide the future development of health services information systems."The introduction to the report explains that it had in mind the needs of those who "guide and manage the provision of health care," rather than those who actually provide the care-as well as much of the information.This emphasis on management was certainly reflected in the 19 places occupied by 22 people over the years: the Depart- ment of Health and Social Security itself filled four places, and on 21 July
Does earwax lose its pathogens on your auriscope overnight?
Authors: A. Overend, W. W. Hall, P. G. Godwin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To describe the organisms cultured from general practitioners9 auriscope earpieces; and to explore general practitioners9 perceptions of the possibility of cross infection from contaminated auriscope earpieces and of how their auriscope earpieces are cleaned. DESIGN--Microbiological survey of auriscope earpieces in two general practices and a semistructured questionnaire sent to 105 general practitioners. SETTING--General practitioners served by one district general hospital microbiology laboratory in the north of England. RESULTS--Organisms were cultured from 41 (93%) of 44 auriscope earpieces, of which 14 (32%) carried potential pathogens; four (9%) were heavily contaminated. Of the 85 (81%) general practitioners who responded, 72 (85%) believed that contaminated auriscope earpieces could cause serious infection, 66 (78%) did not clean earpieces between patients, and 70 (82%) thought that patients would mind if they knew that dirty earpieces were used. CONCLUSIONS--Almost a third of auriscope earpieces were contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. Although general practitioners suspected this, most did not ensure that a clean earpiece was used for each patient.