tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A mitochondrial bioenergetic etiology of disease
Authors: Douglas C. Wallace
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The classical Mendelian genetic perspective has failed to adequately explain the biology and genetics of common metabolic and degenerative diseases. This is because these diseases are primarily systemic bioenergetic diseases, and the most important energy genes are located in the cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Therefore, to understand these "complex" diseases, we must investigate their bioenergetic pathophysiology and consider the genetics of the thousands of copies of maternally inherited mtDNA, the more than 1,000 nuclear DNA (nDNA) bioenergetic genes, and the epigenomic and signal transduction systems that coordinate these dispersed elements of the mitochondrial genome.
Relationship of Motor Vehicle Inspection to Accident Mortality
Authors: Robert C. Buxbaum
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The role of mechanical failure in automobile accidents is examined by comparing motor vehicle mortality among men, age 45 to 54, in states which do and do not require motor vehicle inspection. Inspection is associated with lower mortality, and this association prevails under varying economic, geographic, and demographic conditions. Furthermore, comparison of white to nonwhite death rates reveals that nonwhites are at consistently greater risk.
Accuracy and reproducibility of transient elastography for the diagnosis of fibrosis in pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Valerio Nobili, Francesco Vizzutti, Umberto Arena, Juan G. Abraldes, Fabio Marra, Andrea Pietrobattista, Rodolfo Fruhwirth, Matilde Marcellini, Massimo Pinzani
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Transient elastography (TE) has received increasing attention as a means to evaluate disease progression in chronic liver disease patients. In this study, we assessed the value of TE for the prediction of fibrosis stage in a cohort of pediatric patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Furthermore, TE interobserver agreement was evaluated. TE was performed in 52 consecutive biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients (32 males, 20 females, age 13.6 +/- 2.44 years). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the prediction of "any" (>or=1), significant (>or=2), or advanced fibrosis (>or=3) were 0.977, 0.992, and 1, respectively. Calculation of multilevel likelihood ratios showed that TE values <5, <7, and <9 kPa, suggest the presence of "any" fibrosis, significant fibrosis, and advanced fibrosis, respectively. TE values between 5 and 7 kPa predict a fibrosis stage of 1, but with some degree of uncertainty. TE values between 7 and 9 kPa predict fibrosis stages 1 or 2, but cannot discriminate between these two stages. TE values of at least 9 kPa are associated with the presence of advanced fibrosis. The intraclass correlation coefficient for absolute agreement was 0.961.TE is an accurate and reproducible methodology to identify pediatric subjects without fibrosis or significant fibrosis, or with advanced fibrosis. In patients in which likelihood ratios are not optimal to provide a reliable indication of the disease stage, liver biopsy should be considered when clinically indicated.
Overexpression of α1β1 integrin directly affects rat mesangial cell behavior
Authors: Shoji Kagami, Shuzi Kondo, Maki Urushihara, Klemens Löster, Werner Reutter, Takahiko Saijo, Akiko Kitamura, Shoko Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Kuroda
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
American Medicine and the Public Interest.
Authors: Rosemary Stevens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The reissue of Rosemary Stevens's groundbreaking book on the growth of medical specialties offers a new opportunity to consider the state of the American health care system. Updated with an extensive new introduction and a new bibliography, Stevens's book chronicles the development of the medical profession and shows how increasing emphasis on specialization has influenced medical education and public policy. She details specialization's effects on health care costs and on health care providers, and her concerns are especially timely: the implications of technology and the resulting ethical dilemmas, the issues of insurance, many people's limited access to care. As a long-time observer of American medicine, Stevens makes a valuable contribution to the current debate on how best to provide--and pay for--a high level of medical care in this country.
LIPID SYNTHESIS IN RAT SKIN
Authors: G. PROTTEY, P. J. HARTOP, T. F. M. FERGUSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— Rat dorsal skin was fractionated by means of an electrokeratotome into epidermis and dermis containing the sebaceous glands. These fractions were separately cultured in the presence of 32P‐orthophosphate, 14C‐acetate, 14‐glycerol and 14C‐mevalonate, and the radioactivity incorporated into different classes of lipids was measured. The nature of the labelled products was different in the epidermis compared with the sebaceous glands: in the former, phospholipids and sterols were the major radioactive lipids synthesized, whereas, in the sebaceous glands labelled triglycerides, sterol esters and wax esters predominated. The nature of individual fatty acids labelled from 14‐acetate was studied and it was found that the sterol/wax esters fractions of both epidermis and sebaceous glands contained more radioactive odd‐numbered normal chain and iso‐ and anteiso‐branched chain fatty acids than the phospholipids and triglycerides. Isolated epidermal cells were prepared, and lipogenesis studies with radioactive precursors showed labelling patterns very similar to those of the cultured intact epidermis fractions. The presence of biochemically active sebaceous glands in the dermal residues, after excision of the epidermis fractions, was confirmed by treating skin in vivo with methyl testosterone, a hormone which stimulates the function of sebaceous glands, when a higher rate of lipogenests was observed in the subsequently cultured dermal residue fractions, compared with untreated controls. No such differences were seen in the epidermis after testosterone treatment.
The inflammatory response to anthralin and its relation to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
Authors: PETER KERSEY, PETER CHAPMAN, SARAH ROGERS, MICHAEL RAWLINS, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article The inflammatory response to anthralin and its relation to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase Get access PETER KERSEY, PETER KERSEY Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PETER CHAPMAN, PETER CHAPMAN Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SARAH ROGERS, SARAH ROGERS Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MICHAEL RAWLINS, MICHAEL RAWLINS Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SAM SHUSTER SAM SHUSTER Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s20, 1 August 1981, Pages 64–67, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01011.x Published: 01 August 1981
P134 Comparison of Two Prognostic Tools For Identifying High Risk Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: MEM Wilkie, JD Chalmers, RP Smith, S Schembri
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with median survival of 2–3 years. Clinical course and survival is variable. Whilst no universally accepted tool is accessible to identify those with poorer prognosis, du Bois et al<sup>(1)</sup> and Ley et al<sup>(2)</sup> propose individual 4 point scoring systems to calculate mortality. Our aim was to compare both tools and assess for superiority. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collected on 101 patients retrospectively, 13 were excluded. The du Bois score included age, respiratory hospitalisation, baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) and 6 month change in FVC.(1) The GAP index used gender, age, FVC and DLCO.(2) Predictive values were assessed using area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). We used GAP index &gt;1 and du Bois score &gt;22 to indicate high risk for calculation of performance characteristics. Patients were followed up for 3 years or until death. <h3>Results</h3> Median age was 69 years (interquartile range 63–76). 57.5% were male. 1 year mortality was 10.2%, compared with 18.2% at year 3. For prediction of 1 year mortality, the AUC was 0.78 (0.69–0.87) for the du Bois score and 0.73 (0.63–0.84) for the GAP index. For 3 year mortality, the AUC was 0.73 (0.65–0.80) for both systems. There was no significant difference between the scores for either outcome (p=0.5 and p=0.9 respectively). The receiver operator characteristic curves for 1 year mortality are shown: figure 1. For 1 year mortality, the GAP index had a sensitivity of 87%, specificity 55% compared to 66.7% and 71.1% for the du Bois score. For 3 year mortality, the GAP index had a sensitivity of 86.7%, specificity 58.9% compared to 62.5% and 73.7% for the du Bois score. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study shows that both systems are of equal value at identifying patients with IPF at high risk of mortality. <h3>References</h3> du Bois RM et al. Ascertainment of individual risk of mortality for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:459–466. Ley B et al. A multidimensional index and staging system for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ann Intern Med. 2012; 156:684–691.
Cases of Asthma Nervosum, Successfully and Permanently Cured with Arsenic-Inhalations and Galvanisation of the Pneumogastric Nerves
Authors: A. Wahltuch
Journal: BMJ (1877)

Positive selection during thymocyte development is driven by the affinity and avidity of the TCR for MHC-peptide complexes expressed in the thymus. In this study, we show that programmed death-1 (PD-1), a member of the B7/CD28 family of costimulatory receptors, inhibits TCR-mediated positive selection through PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1):PD-1 interactions. Transgenic mice that constitutively overexpress PD-1 on CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> thymocytes display defects in positive selection in vivo. Using an in vitro model system, we find that PD-1 is up-regulated following TCR engagement on CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> murine thymocytes. Coligation of TCR and PD-1 on CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> thymocytes with a novel PD-1 agonistic mAb inhibits the activation of ERK and up-regulation of bcl-2, both of which are downstream mediators essential for positive selection. Inhibitory signals through PD-1 can overcome the ability of positive costimulators, such as CD2 and CD28, to facilitate positive selection. Finally, defects in positive selection that result from PD-1 overexpression in thymocytes resolve upon elimination of PD-L1, but not PD-1 ligand 2, expression. PD-L1-deficient mice have increased numbers of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> thymocytes, indicating that PD-L1 is involved in normal thymic selection. These data demonstrate that PD-1:PD-L1 interactions are critical to positive selection and play a role in shaping the T cell repertoire.
Report of the Woman's Auxiliary
Authors: G. Prentiss Lee
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypoparathyroidism After ^131I Therapy
Authors: MILFORD FULOP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 November 1971Hypoparathyroidism After 131I TherapyMILFORD FULOP, M.D.MILFORD FULOP, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-5-808_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In light of the suggestion by Orme and Conolly (Ann Intern Med 75:136, 1971) that treatment with 131I can sometimes cause hypoparathyroidism, the following case may be of interest.A 45-year-old woman was seen in June 1958 after 1 year of hyperthyroidism. A goiter had been present for 8 years and a lower abdominal mass for 1 year. She was mentally retarded, but the lifelong duration of this problem was not clarified until months later. The right lobe of her enlarged thyroid contained a soft nodule. The lower abdominal mass was thought to be an ovarian cyst....References1. DANOWSKILASSERWECHSLER TER: Calcification of basal ganglia in post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism. Metabolism 9:1064-1065, 1960 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. BAXTERBONDY JP: Hypercalcemia of thyrotoxicosis. Ann Intern Med 65:429-442, 1966 LinkGoogle Scholar3. EPSTEIN F: Bone and mineral metabolism in hyperthyroidism. Ann Intern Med 68:490-491, 1968 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MILFORD FULOP, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byParathyroid Hormone Level Changes Following Radioiodine Therapy for Thyroid Cancer: A Prospective Observational StudyIdiopathic Hypoparathyroidism With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Young Male: A Rare Case ReportEffect of Post-Surgical Rai Therapy on Parathyroid Function in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid CancerGraves' Disease, Hypoparathyroidism, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Alopecia, and Angioedema: Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Variant or Coincidence?Hypocalcemia Following Treatment with Radioiodine in a Child with Graves' DiseaseParathyroid changes after high dose radioactive iodine in patients with thyroid cancerDraft Toxicological Profile for IodineWeight Loss and Bedtime WeaknessHyperthyroidism in Children and AdolescentsEffect of decicurie doses of radioactive iodine 131 on parathyroid functionRadioiodine Treatment of Graves' Disease An Assessment of Its Potential RisksGORDON D. GRAHAM, M.D., MAJ, KENNETH D. BURMAN, M.D., COLUnchanged parathyroid function following irradiation for malignancies of the head and neck 1 November 1971Volume 75, Issue 5Page: 808-808KeywordsHyperthyroidismHypoparathyroidismThyroid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Natural history of polypoid lesions in the gall bladder.
Authors: H Moriguchi, J Tazawa, Y Hayashi, H Takenawa, E Nakayama, F Marumo, C Sato
Journal: Gut (1996)

Although polypoid lesions of the gall bladder are frequently observed in asymptomatic subjects, the natural history of these lesions has never been studied using ultrasonography.The natural history of polypoid lesions of the gall bladder was investigated using ultrasonography.Among 4343 patients who presented to the outpatient clinic of Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital in 1988, 111 subjects were diagnosed as having polypoid lesions of the gall bladder by ultrasonography. Among these patients, two had gall bladder carcinoma. The remaining 109 subjects (58 female; age: median 54, range 25-89) were enrolled in this study.The subjects were followed up by ultrasonography once or twice a year until 1994.Four patients received cholecystectomy and two patients died of other causes during the observation period. In one patient, gall bladder carcinoma was found, but its location was different from that of the pre-existing polyp. The size of the lesions did not change in 88.3% of the other 130 patients during this period, even among those in whom the initial size of the lesion exceeded 10 mm. There was no apparent correlation between the change in the diameter of the polypoid lesions and patients' sex or age.Most polypoid lesions of the gall bladder detected by ultrasonography are benign.
Early and late phase asthmatic response in lower airways of cat‐allergic asthmatic patients – a comparison between experimental and environmental allergen challenge
Authors: M. B. Arvidsson, O. Löwhagen, S. Rak
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Standardized experimental allergen challenges are usually adopted to investigate the effect of allergen exposure on the lower airways. Environmental (natural) allergen challenges are used less often, mainly because of difficulties in standardizing the method, safety reasons and costs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between an experimental and an environmental bronchial challenge. For this reason a natural challenge model was developed. Methods: Sixty‐two patients with a history of cat allergen‐induced symptoms involving the lower airways, positive skin prick test, positive in vitro specific IgE to cat allergen and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness were included. All 62 patients underwent an experimental challenge in the laboratory followed by an environmental allergen challenge. Results: All 62 patients developed an early asthmatic response [≥20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 )] in the experimental challenge and 60% (37/62) during the environmental challenge. A late asthmatic response (≥15% fall in FEV 1 within 3–24 h) was seen in 56% (35/62) of the patients after the experimental challenge. Following the environmental challenge 47% (29/62) of the patients developed a late response. Thirty‐four per cent (21/62) of the patients developed a late response in both challenge models and 31% (19/62) did not develop a late response in any model. Thus, there was consistency in 65% (40/62) of the patients in both challenge models. Conclusion: We found consistency in the pattern of response to inhaled allergen between the two challenge models and we believe that experimental bronchial challenge is likely to reflect the development of relevant inflammation in the lower airways after low‐dose allergen exposure in the environment.
Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin in Enterococcus Faecium
Authors: Roland Leclercq, Eliane Derlot, Jean Duval, Patrice Courvalin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE glycopeptide antibiotic agents vancomycin and teicoplanin are useful in the treatment of severe infections due to gram-positive bacteria.1 2 3 Staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci are almost always susceptible to these agents, which constitute an alternative to the penicillins in cases of resistance or intolerance.Resistance to glycopeptides is extremely common in leuconostoc species4 and pediococcus species and also occurs in lactobacilli.5 , 6 These gram-positive bacteria rarely cause infections and are considered opportunistic pathogens. The emergence of strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus that became resistant during vancomycin therapy has recently been reported.7 Resistance to vancomycin is rare in streptococci.8 Enterococcal isolates with minimal inhibitory . . .
Prenatal Diagnosis of Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
Authors: José M. García-Castro, Carlos M. Isales-Forsythe, Harvey L. Levy, Vivian E. Shih, Carlos R. Laó-Vélez, María del Carmen González-Ríos, Luz C. Reyes de Torres
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of glycine metabolism, characterized by markedly elevated levels of glycine in plasma, urine, and particularly cerebrospinal fluid. The disease carries a grave prognosis, for progressive neurologic deterioration can occur and often results in the early death of an affected neonate. In surviving infants, the clinical signs include muscular hypotonia, myoclonic seizures, severe mental retardation, and death in infancy or childhood. The metabolic defect seems to reside in reduced activity of the glycine-cleavage enzyme system. Several therapeutic approaches have been attempted, including exchange transfusion, dietary restriction of glycine intake, and administration of . . .
A Randomized Trial of Intraocular Lens Fixation Techniques with Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Oliver D. Schein, Kenneth R. Kenyon, Roger F. Steinert, David D. Verdier, George O. Waring, John F. Stamler, Stacey Seabrook, Susan Vitale
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)

Purpose: Pseudophakic corneal edema is the principal indication for penetrating keratoplasty in the United States.Currently, three techniques of intraocular lens (IOl) fixation during penetrating keratoplasty for this condition are commonly used-flexible anterior chamber IOl (AC IOl) implantation, iris suture fixation of a posterior chamber IOl (PC IOl), and transscleral suture fixation of a PC IOL.This study represents the first prospective, randomized comparison of these three techniques.Methods: One hundred seventy-six consecutive patients with pseudophakic corneal edema who underwent penetrating keratoplasty with IOl exchange were randomized to one of the three implantation techniques.Standardized evaluations were performed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively.Life-table analYSis provided cumulative risk estimates for specific complications.Results: Randomization produced comparable groups at baseline.The cumulative risk of macular edema was significantly less for the iris fixation cohort than for either the AC IOl or scleral fixation group.A complications index was constructed based on the major adverse outcomes of glaucoma escalation, cystoid macular edema, IOl dislocation, and graft failure.A significantly lower risk of complication was found for iris compared with scleral fixation of PC IOls. Conclusion:The authors conclude that trans scleral fixation of the PC IOl at the time of penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic corneal edema is associated with a greater risk of adverse outcome than iris fixation of a PC IOL.