tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of Effect of Hepatitis B Vaccine on T-Cell Phenotypes
Authors: Ira M. Jacobson, Jules L. Dienstag, Reinhart Zachoval, Beth A. Hanrahan, Eloise Watkins, Robert H. Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

THE safety and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine have been established in controlled trials.1 2 3 The vaccine consists of purified 22-nm particles of hepatitis B surface antigen derived from the plasma of chronic carriers of the surface antigen, many of whom are homosexual men4 — a group at risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).5 Because epidemiologic observations suggest that AIDS is likely to be transmitted by a blood-borne virus,6 theoretically, an AIDS agent could contaminate the plasma pool from which hepatitis B vaccine is produced.Preparation of hepatitis B vaccine includes multiple inactivation steps (pepsin, urea, and formalin), which cumulatively . . .
population lateralization arises in simulated evolution of non-interacting neural networks
Authors: james a. reggia, alexander grushin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

recent computer simulations of evolving neural networks have shown that population-level behavioral asymmetries can arise without social interactions. although these models are quite limited at present, they support the hypothesis that social pressures can be sufficient but are not necessary for population lateralization to occur, and they provide a framework for further theoretical investigation of this issue.
Markers of Oxidative Damage Are Not Elevated in Otherwise Healthy Individuals With the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Raymond C.-S. Seet, Chung-Yung J. Lee, Erle C.H. Lim, Amy M.L. Quek, Shan-Hong Huang, Chin-Meng Khoo, Barry Halliwell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE The role of oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is poorly understood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A detailed cross-sectional study was performed to assess the relationship between lipid oxidation products, γ-glutamyltransferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and phospholipase activities with respect to the metabolic status in a cohort of otherwise healthy individuals. RESULTS A total of 179 individuals (87 men and 92 women) aged 43 ± 14 years (mean ± SD) participated in this study. There were no differences in the levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, cholesterol oxidation products, and phospholipase activities in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome. In multivariate analyses, serum hs-CRP was a consistent independent predictor of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Minimal changes were observed in multiple markers of oxidative damage in a well-characterized cohort of individuals with features of metabolic syndrome.
Occasional Reviews: Doctor after the ceasefire
Authors: P. D Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1980)

life seemed good; I had been appointed consultant physiciantothe Royal Naval Hospitalat Gosport.After four years of higher professional training the RCP had approved my accreditation, and as a 35-year-old bachelor I was looking forward to the challenge.I had just finished lecturing to the Southampton MRCP course on tropical medicine, a biannual six-hour marathon I enjoyed as we tried to sort out nematode from trematode and bring some sense to-malarial resistance
Caffeine and Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Linda B. Chelsky
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Little information is known regarding caffeine's effect on the substrate supporting sustained ventricular arrhythmias. This prospective study evaluated the effect of coffee (275 mg of caffeine) on this substrate with programmed ventricular stimulation in 22 patients with a history of symptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation. Patients underwent electrophysiological testing before and 1 hour after coffee ingestion. Mean (+/- SEM) plasma caffeine level achieved after coffee consumption was 6.2 +/- 0.5 mg/L. Mean plasma catecholamine and potassium values were not altered significantly 1 hour following caffeine ingestion. The number of extrastimuli required to induce an arrhythmia was unchanged in 10 patients (46%), increased in six (27%), and decreased in six (27%). Rhythm severity was unchanged in 17 patients (77%), more severe in two (9%), and less severe in three (14%). In those patients with clinical ventricular arrhythmias, caffeine did not significantly alter inducibility or severity of arrhythmias, suggesting little effect on the substrate supporting ventricular arrhythmias.
Platelet dysfunction associated with wilms tumor and hyaluronic acid
Authors: Arthur W. Bracey, Alan H. B. Wu, Javier Aceves, Thomas Chow, Shirley Carlile, W. Keith Hoots
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Acquired von Willebrand disease (AVWD) has been described in two cases of nephroblastoma. We studied a patient with nephroblastoma who presented with a coagulopathy suggestive of AVWD. The subject had undetectable levels of F. VIIIR: Ag, diminished F. VIIIR: WF (16.3%), F. VIII: C activity (37%), and lack of platelet aggregation to ADP, epinephrine, collagen, and arachidonic acid. These results were associated with abnormally high serum levels (850 mg/dl) of hyaluronic acid (HA), which made the patient's serum hyperviscous. Examination of the neoplasm revealed HA in the tumor matrix. All abnormalities of coagulation resolved after chemotherapy and extirpation of the neoplasm, which produced normal serum HA levels. To study the effects of HA on platelet function, we added HA to normal platelet‐poor plasma (NPP), which rendered F. VIIIR: Ag undetectable; treatment of HA with hyaluronidase eliminated F. VIIIR: Ag assay interference caused by HA. F. VIII: C activity decreased in vitro when HA was mixed with normal platelet‐poor plasma (NPP). HA reduced the initial slope of normal platelet aggregation. Partial correction of platelet aggregation occurred after hyaluronidase treatment of HA‐spiked PRP. Experiments in rabbits exposed to HA (serum level 400 mg/dl) demonstrated abnormalities similar to those noted in the patient. Shear rate studies of whole blood containing HA (500 mg/dl) yielded high shear stress, 27‐136 dynes/cm 2 over shear rates of 10‐216 sec‐ 1 . We conclude that the coagulopathy demonstrated in this case is secondary to hyperviscosity produced by elevated levels of HA, which interferes with the assay for F. VIIIR: Ag. Thus the acquired coagulopathy associated with other cases of nephroblastoma may present as spurious von Willebrand disease.
Kidney biopsy as a predictor for renal outcome in ANCA-associated necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Authors: Ingeborg M. Bajema, E. Christiaan Hagen, Jo Hermans, Laure-Hélène Noël, Rüdiger Waldherr, Franco Ferrario, Fokko J. van der Woude, Jan A. Bruijn, None for the EC/BCR Project for ANCA-Assay Standardisation
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
601. Persistent Expression of Factor VIII In Vivo Following FIV Lentiviral Gene Transfer
Authors: Yubin Kang, Litao Xie, Diane Thi Tran, Colleen S. Stein, Melissa Hickey, Beverly L. Davidson, Paul B. McCray
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Hemophilia A is a common X-linked coagulation disorder caused by the lack or abnormality of plasma coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Gene transfer of the FVIII cDNA to hepatocytes using lentiviral vectors is a potential therapeutic approach. We investigated the efficacy of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-based vectors in targeting hepatocytes and correcting FVIII deficiency in a hemophilia A mouse model. Several viral envelope glycoproteins were screened for efficient FIV vector pseudotyping and hepatocyte transduction. The GP64 glycoprotein from baculovirus Autographa californica multinuclear polyhedrosis virus pseudotyped FIV efficiently and showed excellent hepatocyte tropism. The GP64 pseudotyped FIV was stable in the presence of human or mouse complement. Inclusion of a hybrid liver-specific promoter (murine albumin enhancer/human 1-antitrypsin promoter), further enhanced transgene expression in hepatoctyes. We generated a GP64-pseudotyped FIV vector encoding the B domain-deleted human FVIII coding region driven by the liver-specific promoter, with two beneficial point mutations in the A1 domain. Intravenous vector administration conferred sustained FVIII expression in hemophilia A mice for several months without the generation of anti-human FVIII antibodies, and resulted in partial phenotypic correction. These findings demonstrate the utility of GP64 pseudotyped FIV lentiviral vectors for targeting hepatocytes to correct disorders associated with deficiencies of secreted proteins.
Abstract 1047: Circadian disruption induced by light at night upregulates PCNA expression in tissue-isolated human breast cancer xenografts in nude rats
Authors: Jinghai Wu, Robert T. Dauchy, Paul C. Tirrell, Steven S. Wu, Erin M. Dauchy, David E. Blask, Michael W. Greene
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The circadian system and the cell cycle are two global regulatory systems in animals and humans. Previous studies have shown that disruption of either the circadian system or the cell cycle increases the risk of cancer in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms of circadian-mediated cell cycle dysregulation are not completely understood. Because proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays an essential role in DNA replication and cell cycle regulation, we studied the circadian regulation and disruption of PCNA in an in vivo animal model of human breast cancer. In tissue-isolated ER- MCF-7 human breast cancer xenografts grown in female nude rats exposed to a normal 12L:12D circadian condition, PCNA protein levels were maximal in the morning (2 h after lights on) but remained at very low levels throughout the rest of the 24 h period. To determine whether circadian disruption alters PCNA protein expression, xenograft-bearing nude rats were exposed to low intensity of light at night (LAN) (0.08 μW/cm2). PCNA protein was continuously expressed at a high level throughout the 24 h period in breast cancer xenografts growing in nude rats exposed to the LAN. Exposure of tumor-bearing rats to LAN also resulted in significantly accelerated growth of these xenografts. Moreover, several signaling cascades related to cell growth were examined. Daily rhythms of Akt and MAPK activation in the human breast cancer tumors were disrupted by LAN but did not track the changes in PCNA expression; however, PDK1 activation directly correlated with PCNA expression. Expression of PKCδ and PKCα, downstream targets of PDK1, was differentially elevated by LAN in xenografts in a manner consistent with their reported roles in cell proliferation. In contrast, LAN did not disrupt the rhythmic expression of either PCNA, PKCδ, or PKCα in the liver of the tumor-bearing rats. Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) protein, an upstream signaling molecule for PDK1, also correlated with the expression pattern of PDK1/PKC/PCNA in tumor-bearing rats exposed to LAN. Exposure of tumor-bearing rats to LAN disrupted the circadian rhythm of IGF-1R protein levels in the liver. Finally, circulating IGF-1 concentrations showed circadian disruption in LAN-exposed tumor-bearing nude rats. Thus, interruption of the IGF-1 signaling pathway may constitute a novel molecular mechanism of circadian regulated tumor growth. Taken together, our results suggest that LAN-induced disruption of circadian rhythms in cell signaling cascades accelerates tumor growth in vivo through continuous up-regulation of PCNA. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1047.
PERIODIC EDEMA OF HAND WITH SEVEN DAY CYCLE: TREATMENT WITH SYMPATHETIC GANGLIONECTOMY
Authors: Walter D. Abbott
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The phenomenon of angioneurotic edema is not uncommon, but the appearance of a circumscribed edema in the same area of the body with a definite cycle warrants close investigation. Such a condition, occurring independently of the menstrual cycle and without a febrile course, relegates itself to a bizarre group of disease entities over which there is much contention regarding the proper classification. Quincke<sup>1</sup>in his original description of acute circumscribed edema, mentioned the tendency to recurrence in the same spots at regular intervals. Then Matas<sup>2</sup>reported a periodic case of daily swelling of the upper lip, beginning at 8 a. m. and completely subsiding by 5 p. m. He also quoted Riehl's case with a fifteen day cycle. Osler<sup>3</sup>mentioned the regularity of attacks, occurring in seven, twelve or fourteen day cycles. Then Collins,<sup>4</sup>in a review of the literature, reported three cases and suggested that
Impaired autoregulation of glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure in the rat remnant nephron.
Authors: J C Pelayo, J Y Westcott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

In the present micropuncture study, the autoregulation of glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (PG) in Munich-Wistar rats 24 h after 75% nephrectomy (Nx) or sham operation (Sh) was investigated. The effect of varying renal perfusion pressure (RPP) on paired determinations of directly measured PG was evaluated in glomeruli of nephrons in which distal fluid delivery was present (unblocked). Autoregulation of PG in Sh glomeruli with unblocked tubules occurred at RPP values between 99.5 +/- 1.0 and 132.1 +/- 1.0 mmHg. In contrast, in Nx glomeruli with unblocked tubules PG increased by 0.32 +/- 0.07 mmHg/mmHg increase in RPP over this same range of RPP (P less than 0.0001). To determine whether enhanced prostaglandins synthesis was responsible for the altered regulation of PG in Nx glomeruli, we repeated the micropuncture measurements in a setting of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. Although prostaglandins synthesis inhibition did not affect the autoregulation of PG in Sh glomeruli, it did normalize the autoregulatory capacity for PG of Nx glomeruli with unblocked tubules. Thus, acute Nx is associated with a significant loss of the autoregulatory capacity for PG and this impairment appears to be related to a prostaglandin-mediated alteration of the responsiveness of the vascular effector site for autoregulation.
Insurance Examination Fees.
Authors: A. Square Deal
Journal: JAMA (1906)

—, Oct. 10, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —One would infer from recent protests on the subject of fees for life-insurance examinations that the<i>casus belli</i>is of recent origin, and yet with a few notable exceptions the companies that now pay less than a minimum fee of $5 have had a graded fee bill for many years. The only companies which I now recall that have recently adopted a graded fee bill are the Equitable, Mutual Life, Home Life, Germania, Security Mutual and Phoenix Mutual. In my opinion, a graded fee bill is wholly wrong, unequitable and untenable, both in principle and practice, and if you will allow me space I will endeavor to show the logic of my position. We are told that the medical fee should be in reasonable proportion to the premium received, and again that the policy holder can afford to pay but a small medical
1130 SPREADING OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN UPA MICE IS SENSED BY INNATE ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF HUMAN HEPATOCYTES
Authors: T. Volz, M. Lutgehetmann, L. Allweiss, T. Bornscheuer, A.W. Lohse, H. Ma, K. Klumpp, J. Petersen, U. Lopatin, S. Fletcher, M. Dandri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Screening Tests in Ambulatory Practice
Authors: Edward Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Bates and Mulinare (<b>214</b>:2173,1970) put an undeserved onus on the physician for being reluctant to use screening tests. Someplace in their article the authors might have pointed out that the physicians' intuitive reluctance was worthwhile. Since the screening tests have only 95% confidence limits,<sup>1</sup>in a panel of 20 tests there is a 60% chance than one will be spuriously abnormal in a normal patient. Unfortunately, performing more and more tests will<i>not</i>discover more and more unsuspected diseases. Hence, when there is a clinical indication for the test, its interpretation is more likely to be accurate. We should all be wary of the latest nondisease, idiopathic screenopathy.
Author's reply to Sleath, Coebergh, and Burns and colleagues
Authors: M. Brunet
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Sleath has already experienced the unfortunate tendency for target setting to lead to perverse behaviours.1 2 Surely the recommendation for GPs to diagnose dementia without reference to the memory clinic has come about to satisfy targets rather than out of concern for patients. It is also an example of the disturbing disconnect that often exists between diagnosis and …
Unintended pregnancies and contraceptive use: Author's reply
Authors: A. Fleissig
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Children sick enough to be admitted to hospital are often still recovering from infection when discharged and may not be fit for immunisation.Indeed, children may be discharged less than 30 hours after fever subsides, which would preclude immunisation by the criteria of Dr Riley and colleagues.As already occurs in Oxford, and as suggested by Dr Reeve and colleagues, suitably trained health visitors could catch up missed immunisations.The single most important finding in our study was that once parents have decided against a particular vaccine, often following in- appropriate advice, it is difficult to persuade them otherwise.Attention to the clear and concise recommendations in the "green book" should ensure that health professionals give appropriate advice from the outset.
Relighting of Cigarettes and Lung Cancer
Authors: J. Dark, M. O'Connor, M. Pemberton, M. H. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Brrmi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL rate in Scotland, particularly in the younger age-groups (45-64) (Fig. 16), may therefore be partly due to a late smoking effect.The present rates for carcinoma of the lung in Scotland, which are as high as or even higher than, tbose in England and Wales, may be due to smoking exerting a more rapidly lethal effect in this disease.
Acute leukemia with t(4;11) following treatment for breast cancer
Authors: Eric Archimbaud, Christiane Charrin, Catherine Sebban, Denis Fiére
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract We report the case of a 51‐year‐old woman presenting t(4;11) acute undifferentiated leukemia 19 months after initiation of adjuvant radio‐chemotherapy for a breast cancer. Morphology of the blasts was FAB L2 and cytochemical and immunological studies were in favor of an undifferentiated leukemia. A possible relationship between t(4;11) leukemia and exposure to carcinogens is discussed.
DNA vaccines get a boost
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

The use of DNA vaccines in humans has been limited by their relatively poor ability to build immunity against pathogens all on their own. Kwissa et al. (page 2733) now find that coinjecting a DNA vaccine with a Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand activates dendritic cells (DCs) and goads monkeys into putting up a better fight against SIV.






Figure 1

SIV loads are lower in monkeys given both a DNA vaccine and a DC-activating TLR ligand (red).




Because they are cheaper and easier to manufacture than recombinant protein vaccines, successful DNA vaccines are in high demand. So far, however, DNA vaccines targeted against malaria, hepatitis B, and HIV have failed to induce a strong immune response in either monkeys or humans.

For various other types of vaccines, TLR ligands are commonly coinjected to improve the patient's immune response. The ligands activate DCs, which in turn secrete immune-boosting cytokines and enhance the proliferation and activity of T cells. Despite their success in protein vaccines, TLR ligands have not been tested as supplements to DNA vaccines in humans or other primates.

Findings from Kwissa et al. now suggest that TLR ligands may indeed make human DNA vaccines more effective. The authors report that monkeys are better at fighting off SIV infection if their DCs are also activated by a TLR ligand at the time of DNA vaccination. The ligand of choice was TLR-9, which is primarily expressed by a subset of DCs known to boost the numbers of antiviral CD8+ T cells.

This dual injection increased the total numbers of SIV-specific T cells. Many of these cells secreted a broader range of protective cytokines than did T cells from monkeys given only the DNA vaccine. However, the mechanism by which the TLR-9–activated DCs instruct T cells to secrete more types of cytokines is unclear.

In humans, survival from HIV infection is correlated with the numbers of CD4+ T cells—particularly the precursors of virus-fighting effector cells—in the gut. These precursors were more abundant a few weeks after SIV infection in monkeys that were given the coinjection regimen. Whether this stronger protection is also long lasting remains to be tested.
Film: Some Voices
Authors: P. Byrne
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A Dragon Pictures production for British Screen/FilmFour At selected cinemas nationwide Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> ![Graphic][2]</img> ![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> The most important point to make about Some Voices is that it works as a film, and a technically accomplished one at that. Patients and health professionals will have little to complain about—its central character, Ray (Daniel Craig), has schizophrenia, but this is a sensitive film, and its appeal goes beyond any armchair diagnostics. The film begins with Ray's release from the grim asylum. He is collected by his cafe-owning brother Pete (David Morrissey), who fixates on Ray's tablets rather than … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Statistics notes: Measurement error
Authors: J M. Bland, D. G Altman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Several measurements of the same quantity on the same subject will not in general be the same. This may be because of natural variation in the subject, variation in the measurement process, or both. For example, table 1 shows four measurements of lung function in each of 20 schoolchildren (taken from a larger study1). The first child shows typical variation, having peak expiratory flow rates of 190, 220, 200, and 200 l/min.

View this table:

Table 1 
Repeated peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurements for 20 schoolchildren



Let us suppose that the child has a “true” average value over all possible measurements, which is what we really want to know when we make a measurement. Repeated measurements on the same subject will vary around the true value because of measurement error. The standard deviation of repeated measurements on the same subject …
Book: Breast Cancer: Sharing the Decision
Authors: P. Simmonds
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Eds Anna M Maslin, Trevor J Powles Oxford University Press, £24.99, pp 263 ISBN 0 19 262967 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> As we enter the new millennium, patients reasonably expect to be involved in decisions about their treatment, but engaging in this process is not easy for healthcare professionals. Each patient is individual and must be provided with information and allowed to participate in the decision making process to the extent that he or she wishes. For patients to be involved, there must be effective communication … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif