tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vitro repair of the wounded porcine mitral valve.
Authors: W M Lester, A I Gotlieb
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

An organ culture of the anterior leaflet of the porcine mitral valve was developed and characterized in order to study the early events in the repair of small endocardial wounds. A linear superficial denuding endocardial injury was made with a nylon filament attached to a stereo tonearm. The repair process was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy over a 6-day period. By day 2 in culture, flattened endocardial cells at the wound edge extended processes out onto the wound edge. By 4 and 6 days, the wound was bridged over by spindle-shaped cells although gaps still remained between cells. In some areas, multilayering of cells beneath the surface was present. The results indicate that the initial events in in vitro endocardial repair involve both surface endocardial cells and interstitial cells.
The Role of Cell Swelling in Ischemic Renal Damage and the Protective Effect of Hypertonic Solute
Authors: Jorge Flores, Donald R. DiBona, Clyde H. Beck, Alexander Leaf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The failure of blood flow to return to the kidney following a transient period of ischemia has long been recognized. The cause of this "no-reflow" has been investigated in the rat after a transient period of total obstruction of the renal arteries. The vascular pattern of the kidneys as visualized with silicone rubber injection shows a diffuse patchy ischemia throughout the kidney, which persists after release of the obstructed renal artery. Electron microscopic studies of ischemic kidneys showed that all cellular elements were swollen and limiting the available vascular space. Functional studies revealed an increase in plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine after 1 hr or longer ischemic periods. The ischemia, cell swelling, "no-reflow," and subsequent renal dysfunction occurring after obstruction to the renal arteries were corrected by the administration of hypertonic mannitol, but were unaffected by an equivalent expansion of the extracellular fluid volume either with isotonic saline or isotonic mannitol, showing that the osmotic effect was primary. The hypothesis is presented that ischemic swelling of cells may occlude small blood vessels so that recirculation does not resume even after the initial cause of the ischemia is no longer present; solutes which do not penetrate cell membranes are able to shrink swollen cells, increase the available vascular space and thus permit reflow of blood to the ischemic organ.
Influence of the adrenergic system in renovascular hypertension
Authors: M. Guazzi, O. T. Ellsworth, E. D. Freis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Influence of the adrenergic system in renovascular hypertension Get access Maurizio Guazzi, Maurizio Guazzi 1 From the Veterans Administration Hospital and the Department of Medicine and Physiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20007 1Work done during the tenure of a NATO fellowship. Present address: lstituto Patologia Medica I, Padi- glione Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Orval T. Ellsworth, Orval T. Ellsworth From the Veterans Administration Hospital and the Department of Medicine and Physiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20007 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward D. Freis Edward D. Freis From the Veterans Administration Hospital and the Department of Medicine and Physiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20007 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 1971, Pages 71–80, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.1.71 Published: 01 January 1971 Article history Accepted: 29 June 1970 Published: 01 January 1971
Understanding Medical Systems
Authors: Thomas W. Nolan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

The prominence of physicians in highly interdependent medical systems confers tremendous power on them, individually and as a profession.With this power comes an ethical responsibility to be deeply concerned about medical systems. Examples of medical systems include the process of treating patients with diabetes; a hospital; the development and testing of new medical procedures; and a medical practice, including locations of care, billing, and collection of fees for medical care. The physician who is willing to learn about the nature of systems, how to control them, and how to improve them can significantly influence medical systems. Many persons in health care organizations identify strongly with their individual profession or department.Management structures, professional organizations, and methods of billing for services reinforce these divisions. This fragmented environment allows the structure of medical systems to evolve piecemeal from the various actions and points of view of physicians, nurses, administrators, patients, and payers. Improvement results from new structures that are purposefully designed.To achieve improvement, people must look beyond their own professional or organizational identities and see themselves as part of the larger system. Even a rudimentary understanding of the structures and dynamics of systems combined with clinical knowledge can equip a physician to collaborate with colleagues to diagnose faults of a system and design remedies. This paper explores the nature of medical systems and develops ideas their proper application to medicine and the activities of physicians.
Species-Specific Differential AhR Expression Protects Human Neural Progenitor Cells against Developmental Neurotoxicity of PAHs
Authors: Kathrin Gassmann, Josef Abel, Hanno Bothe, Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann, Hans F. Merk, Kim N. Quasthoff, Thomas Dino Rockel, Timm Schreiber, Ellen Fritsche
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Because of their lipophilicity, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) cross the human placenta, possibly affecting central nervous system development. Most POPs are known aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands and activators of AhR signaling. Therefore, AhR activation has been suggested to cause developmental neurotoxicity (DNT).We studied the effects of AhR ligands on basic processes of brain development in two comparative in vitro systems to determine whether AhR-activation is the underlying mechanism for reported DNT of POPs in humans.We employed neurosphere cultures based on human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and wild-type and AhR-deficient mouse NPCs (mNPCs) and studied the effects of different AhR agonists [3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)] and an antagonist [3'-methoxy-4'-nitroflavone (MNF)] on neurosphere development. Moreover, we analyzed expression of AhR and genes involved in AhR signaling.In contrast to wild-type mNPCs, hNPCs and AhR-deficient mNPCs were insensitive to AhR agonism or antagonism. Although AhR modulation attenuated wild-type mNPC proliferation and migration, hNPCs and AhR-deficient mNPCs remained unaffected. Results also suggest that species-specific differences resulted from nonfunctional AhR signaling in hNPCs.Our findings suggest that in contrast to wild-type mNPCs, hNPCs were protected against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced DNT because of an absence of AhR This difference may contribute to species-specific differences in sensitivity to POPs.
Accumulation of storage iron in patients treated for iron-deficiency anaemia.
Authors: D P Bentley, A Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The repletion of iron stores after treatment was studied in 38 patients with uncomplicated iron-deficiency anaemia. The serum ferritin concentration rose significantly when oral treatment was continued for two months after the attainment of a normal haemoglobin concentration. Patients treated with a total-dose infusion of iron dextran had thehighest final serum levels, which were significantly greater than in patients given Ferro-Gradumet. Oral ferrous sulphate was almost as effective as parenteral iron in producing iron stores.
Formation of non-cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (F2-isoprostanes) in plasma and low density lipoprotein exposed to oxidative stress in vitro.
Authors: S M Lynch, J D Morrow, L J Roberts, B Frei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

F2-isoprostanes are prostaglandin F2-like compounds that are known to be formed in vivo by free radical oxidation of arachidonyl-containing lipids, and their plasma levels have been suggested as indicators of in vivo oxidative stress. As oxidation of LDL, a likely causal factor in atherosclerosis, involves lipid peroxidation, we investigated whether F2-isoprostanes are formed in plasma and LDL exposed to oxidative stress, and how F2-isoprostane formation is related to endogenous antioxidant status. In plasma exposed to aqueous peroxyl radicals, lipid hydroperoxides and esterified F2-isoprostanes were formed simultaneously after endogenous ascorbate and ubiquinol-10 had been exhausted, despite the continued presence of urate, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and lycopene. In isolated LDL exposed to aqueous peroxyl radicals or Cu2+, consumption of endogenous ubiquinol-10 and alpha-tocopherol was followed by rapid formation and subsequent breakdown of lipid hydroperoxides and esterified F2-isoprostanes, and a continuous increase in LDL's electronegativity, indicative of atherogenic modification. In Cu(2+)-exposed LDL, the decrease in esterified F2-isoprostane levels was paralleled by the appearance of free F2-isoprostanes, suggesting that hydrolysis by an LDL-associated activity had occurred. Our data suggest that F2-isoprostanes are useful markers of LDL oxidation in vivo. As F2-isoprostanes are potent vasoconstrictors and can modulate platelet aggregation, their formation in LDL demonstrated here may also have important implications for the etiology of cardiovascular disease.
Glycemia and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hertzel C. Gerstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters1 February 2005Glycemia and Risk for Cardiovascular DiseaseHertzel C. Gerstein, MD, MScHertzel C. Gerstein, MD, MScFrom McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-3-200502010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:In the article to which my editorial referred, Khaw and colleagues (1) reported that glycosylated hemoglobin is clearly associated with cardiovascular disease and that this relationship is independent of diabetes status. However, this prospective study also clearly showed that this relationship is independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, including age, body mass index, abdominal obesity, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, and previous cardiovascular disease. At least 1 other large epidemiologic study also reported a similar independent relationship between markers of dysglycemia (including glycosylated hemoglobin) and incident cardiovascular events (2). Indeed, after the authors controlled for sex, age, total ...References1. Khaw KT, Wareham N, Bingham S, Luben R, Welch A, Day N. Association of hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:413-20. [PMID: 15381514] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Meigs JB, Nathan DM, D'Agostino RB, Wilson PW. Fasting and postchallenge glycemia and cardiovascular disease risk: the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1845-50. [PMID: 12351489] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Hertzel C. Gerstein, MD, MScAffiliations: From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAssociation of Hemoglobin A1c with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Adults: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk Kay-Tee Khaw , Nicholas Wareham , Sheila Bingham , Robert Luben , Ailsa Welch , and Nicholas Day Glycosylated Hemoglobin: Finally Ready for Prime Time as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor Hertzel C. Gerstein Glycemia and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Mayer B. Davidson Metrics 1 February 2005Volume 142, Issue 3Page: 227-228KeywordsBlood pressureCardiovascular disease riskCardiovascular diseasesClinical trialsEpidemiologyForecastingHemoglobinMedical risk factorsRisk managementSystolic pressure ePublished: 1 February 2005 Issue Published: 1 February 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Association between Air Pollution and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Rivera et al. Respond
Authors: Marcela Rivera, Xavier Basagaña, Inmaculada Aguilera, Maria Foraster, David Agis, Eric de Groot, Laura Perez, Michelle A. Mendez, Laura Bouso, Jaume Targa, Rafael Ramos, Joan Sala, Jaume Marrugat, Roberto Elosua, Nino Künzli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)
Source of stress in women junior house officers.
Authors: J Firth-Cozens
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To determine the causes of stress in women doctors and relate these to levels of depression.Questionnaire study.Of 92 women doctors who had graduated from the universities of Leeds, Manchester, and Sheffield in 1986 and had been working as junior house officers for eight months 70 (76%) returned completed questionnaires.Mean score on the general health questionnaire was 13.79 (SD 5.20) and on the symptom checklist for depression was 1.43 (0.83). The scores of 32 subjects (46%) were above the criterion for clinical depression. Overwork was perceived as creating the most strain, followed by effects on personal life, serious failures of treatment, and talking to distressed relatives. Both stress and depression were related to effects on personal life, overwork, relations with consultants, and making decisions. Sex related sources of stress were conflicts between career and personal life, sexual harassment at work, a lack of female role models, and prejudice from patients. In addition to these, discrimination by senior doctors was related to depression.Changes are needed in the career paths of women doctors, and could be implemented.
Who Should Test the Testers?
Authors: D. N. Baron
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  I enjoyed reading the review of therapeutic drug monitoring, 1 until I came to the last page. If I ever found that clinical colleagues had been sending spiked samples blind to this department, then I (not they) would have cause for complaint. How would they react if a family practitioner sent to them blind, so as to test their sensitivity and accuracy, a patient who had been fully examined elsewhere, clinically, instrumentally, and pathologically?  Any laboratory must, I agree, be prepared to show its quality control results to its users—then the clinicians can discuss any problems with the appropriate pathologist, rather than engage in industrial espionage. Any request for laboratory investigation, though usually processed by junior staff on both sides, must be treated at the ethical level of a consultation between clinician and pathologist colleagues.
Release of endothelium derived nitric oxide in relation to pressure and flow
Authors: M. Kelm, M. Feelisch, A. Deussen, B. E Strauer, J. Schrader
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Endothelium derived nitric oxide (NO) is an important modulator of resting vascular tone. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent by which the rate of NO release is modulated by the two determinants of vascular conductance: pressure and flow. DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL: Porcine macrovascular endothelial cells cultured on microcarrier beads were used as a model in which the rate of NO release was determined photometrically. Columns packed with endothelial cell covered beads were perfused at different flow rates (2, 10, 20 ml.min-1) and perfusion pressures (ranging from 6 to 200 mm Hg).Release of endothelial cell derived NO was continuously quantified under basal and ATP stimulated conditions using a specific difference spectrophotometric assay. Increasing flow flow from 2 to 20 ml.min-1 enhanced the basal NO release from endothelial cells fivefold. ATP (10(-4) M) augmented the NO release from endothelial cells more than 10-fold at each flow level studied. The ATP induced NO release rapidly increased by a factor of 5.8 when flow was enhanced from 2 to 20 ml.min-1 (greater than 180 pmol.min-1.mg endothelial cell protein). Raising perfusion pressure from 6 to 200 mm Hg in endothelial cells did not affect the rate of basal NO release.(1) The rate of NO release from endothelial cells increases when flow is enhanced. (2) Endothelial cells possess a high capacity for NO production, permitting a rapid adjustment of NO release to changes in flow. (3) The rate of NO release is not causally related to changes in perfusion pressure.
Relative resistance to penicillin in the pneumococcus. A prevalence and case-control study
Authors: A. J. Saah
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from 103 patients were submitted for serotyping and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for penicillin. Isolates from 16 patients were relatively resistant to penicillin (MIC, 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms/mL). In a study to determine if the patients with relatively resistant pneumococci (RRP) differed from patients with normally susceptible pneumococci, 18 patients with RRP showed no significant difference from their matched controls in antibiotic use during the two months prior to isolation of the pneumococcus. Other variables that showed no significant difference between the two groups were (1) antibiotic use in household contacts in the previous six months, (2) presence of chronic infection in the case or control patients, and (3) recurrence of pneumococcal infection following therapy. The high rate of relative resistance to penicillin is heretofore unknown in a general, unconfined population in this country. The case-control study suggests that no strong relationship exists between isolating RRP and prior penicillin administration. More extensive surveys in the United States are needed.
Secretion of Ia antigens by a subpopulation of T cells which are Ly-1+, Ly-2-, and Ia-.
Authors: I F McKenzie, C R Parish
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

It was found that Ia antignes are rapidly secreted by a subpopulation of splenic T lymphocytes which are nonadherent and which express the surface phenotype Ly-1+, Ly-2-, and Ia-. Secretion of the Ia antigens was a metabolically active process which was inhibited by sodium azide and by Pactamycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis.
Occupational disease can also develop in non-working children
Authors: D. A Green
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—I agree with Scanlon et al, who say in their editorial that child labour is now globally the largest single cause of child abuse.1 They add that most of it takes place in the developing world and much is hidden.

What they do not say is that, in a situation analogous to passive smoking, children who do not work can also have occupational disease. In Madhya Pradesh in northern India there is a “belt” of stone …
Caspase-1 Activation of IL-1β and IL-18 Are Essential for Shigella flexneri–Induced Inflammation
Authors: Philippe J Sansonetti, Armelle Phalipon, Josette Arondel, Kavitha Thirumalai, Subhashis Banerjee, Shizuo Akira, Kiyoshi Takeda, Arturo Zychlinsky
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Disappointments in Treating Acute Leukemia in the Elderly
Authors: Terry J. Hamblin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is often portrayed as one of the successes of modern hematology. In 1966, the year before I qualified as a doctor, the median survival of adults with acute leukemia was 40 days.1 Only 10 percent had remission of their disease. Nowadays, it is commonplace to hear of remission rates of 80 percent and to talk about cure. Such optimism is misleading. There is a subgroup of young adults, particularly those with favorable chromosomal translocations, in whom the outlook is much less bleak than it was. But most cases of AML occur in patients . . .
An Economist's View
Authors: Rashi Fein
Journal: JAMA (1967)

How does an economist look at the problem of medical manpower, at what this program calls "a continuing crisis"? The first thing that I note is the importance of distinguishing between manpower and services, between people and what they do. The crisis that is often referred to arises from the fact that some persons and parts of the population do not receive sufficient medical services. This may result from a variety of causes: low incomes, lack of knowledge, unavailability of services. It is obvious that there is a relationship between the amount of health manpower and the number of health services that can be delivered. But it is not true that the relationship is fixed and immutable. It is, therefore, not true that the only way that the number of health services can be increased is to increase the number of physicians, or the number of dentists, or the number
AN HEREDITARY ARTHRODYSPLASIA ASSOCIATED WITH HEREDITARY DYSTROPHY OF THE NAILS
Authors: JOHN W. TURNER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The condition that is being reported here as an hereditary arthrodysplasia is a disorder that is transmitted from parent to child, that causes deformity of the different joints interfering with their function and that, so far as it has been possible for me to determine, has never been reported previous to this report, which is based on a study of two families in which thirty-five of seventy-nine persons are affected. It seems advisable to bring this condition to the attention of the medical.profession, as the disorder in some instances causes deformity sufficient to compel the afflicted one to seek relief and as the deformity simulates other conditions with which it may be confused. About five years ago the ninth individual in the fourth generation of the first family came to me as an obstetric patient. I noticed that she suffered from hereditary dystrophy of the nails and that her knees
A Waterborne Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis in Normal Hosts
Authors: RICHARD G. D'ANTONIO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

In July 1984, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in a suburban community in Texas. A random telephone survey of 100 of 1791 households in the community identified an attack rate of 34%. The outbreak was traced to contamination of the community water supply, an artesian well. Fecal coliforms were identified in untreated drinking water from the well during July. Stool examinations and serologic tests identified Cryptosporidium as the etiologic agent. Cryptosporidium should be added to the list of waterborne organisms capable of causing outbreaks of gastroenteritis.