tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vaccination of people with suspected egg allergy is safe and feasible
Authors: C. J. A. Duncan, A. D. McCallum, R. MacDonald, M. E. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Mutations in the <i>KCNH2</i> or human <i>ether-a-go-go</i>–related gene-encoded K<sup>+</sup> channel reduce functional KCNH2 current (I<sub>KCNH2</sub>) to cause long QT syndrome (LQT2) by multiple mechanisms, including defects in intracellular transport (trafficking). Trafficking-deficient, or class 2, LQT2 mutations reduce the Golgi processing and surface membrane expression of KCNH2 channel proteins. Drugs that associate with pore-S6 intracellular drug binding domain of KCNH2 channel proteins to cause high-affinity block of I<sub>KCNH2</sub> also can increase the processing of class 2 LQT2 channel proteins through the secretory pathway. We used a strategy of intragenic suppression to test the hypothesis that amino acid substitutions in the putative drug binding domain at residue Y652 could compensate for protein folding abnormalities caused by class 2 LQT2 mutations. We found that the Y652C substitution, and to lesser extent the Y652S substitution, resulted in intragenic suppression of the class 2 LQT2 G601S phenotype; these substitutions increased Golgi processing of G601S channel proteins. The Y652C substitution also caused intragenic suppression of the class 2 LQT2 V612L and F640V phenotypes but not the LQT2 N470D or F805C phenotypes. These are the first findings to demonstrate that a single amino acid substitution in the putative KCNH2 drug binding domain can cause intragenic suppression of several LQT2 mutations.
Radionuclide Lymphangioscintigraphy in the Evaluation of Peripheral Lymphedema
Authors: WALTER H. WILLIAMS, CHARLES L. WITTE, MARLYS H. WITTE, GEORGE C. McNEILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

The primary difficulty in evaluating and treating peripheral lymphedema is visualization of the lymphatics. Functional lymphatic studies have been performed on patients with peripheral edema to diagnose lymphedema, to determine its severity, and to understand the varied drainage patterns.After intradermal injection in the hands or feet, initial flow and whole-body images were taken using Tc-99m human serum albumin in more than 700 patients with possible lymphedema.Clear images of truncal lymph transport and draining lymph nodes were obtained, and pattern differences between primary and secondary lymphedema were seen. Follow-up studies showed any functional change in lymphatic dynamics.Peripheral lymphatics can now be easily visualized. Because lymphangioscintigraphy can be performed before and after medical treatment, follow-up evaluation of patients with lymphedema is possible. The procedure is noninvasive, repeatable, easy to perform, and harmless to the lymphatic endothelium.
Four Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

DURING the last two decades or so, there has been a struggle over the patient's role in medical decision making that is often characterized as a conflict between autonomy and health, between the values of the patient and the values of the physician. Seeking to curtail physician dominance, many have advocated an ideal of greater patient control.<sup>1,2</sup>Others question this ideal because it fails to acknowledge the potentially imbalanced nature of this interaction when one party is sick and searching for security, and when judgments entail the interpretation of technical information.<sup>3,4</sup>Still others are trying to delineate a more mutual relationship.<sup>5,6</sup>This struggle shapes the expectations of physicians and patients as well as the ethical and legal standards for the physician's duties, informed consent, and medical malpractice. This struggle forces us to ask, What should be the ideal physician-patient relationship? We shall outline four models of the
Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Rwanda, 1984–1990
Authors: J. Bogaerts, P. Lepage, H. Taelman, D. Rouvroy, J. Batungwanayo, P. Kestelyn, D.-G. Hitimana, P. Van de Perre, J. Vandepitte, L. Verbist, J. Verhaegen
Journal: Journal of Infection (1993)
Prenatal diagnosis of bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase deficiency in rats by genomic DNA analysis
Authors: Tian-Jun Huang, Jayanta Roy Chowdhury, Pulak Lahiri, Purna C. Yerneni, Vasudeva R. Bommineni, Irwin M. Arias, Namita Roy Chowdhury
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Hepatic bilirubin excretion requires UDP–glucuronosyltransferase-mediated glucuronidation. Patients with type I Crigler–Najjar syndrome and mutant rats (Gunn strain) inherit deficiency of UDP–glucuronyltransferase activity toward bilirubin as an autosomal recessive trait and, as a result, exhibit marked nonhemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia throughout postnatal life. Heterozygous carriers of the trait have normal serum bilirubin levels. Because of placental excretion of unconjugated bilirubin, type 1 Crigler–Najjar syndrome patients and Gunn rats are not jaundiced in utero , making prenatal diagnosis difficult. Here we report a diagnostic method in Gunn rats based on genomic DNA analysis for prenatal recognition of deficiency of UDP–glucuronyltransferase activity toward bilirubin in Gunn rats and identification of heterozygous carriers. We and others have shown that two distinct messenger RNA species (UDP–glucuronyltransferase activity toward bilirubin and the 3–methylcholanthrene–inducible phenol-UDP–glucuronyltransferase messenger RNA) in Gunn rat liver contain identical deletions of a single guanosine residue in their common 3′ regions. Loss of the restriction site for the endonuclease Bst NI, which results from this deletion, was used as the basis for a diagnostic test. Female heterozygous Gunn rats were mated with male homozygous Gunn rats. Genomic DNA was extracted from the chorionic aspect of placenta of 17–day fetuses or from leukocytes from normal rats, obligate heterozygotes and homozygous Gunn rats. The DNA was sequentially digested with the restriction enzymes Eco RI and Bst NI and subjected to Southern–blot analysis with a double–stranded DNA probe for the common region of UDP–glucuronyltransferase activity toward bilirubin and the 3–methylcholanthrene-inducible UDP–glucuronyltransferase messenger RNAs. DNA samples from Gunn rats showed 600–bp fragments, whereas normal rat DNA showed a 400–bp and a 200–bp band. In heterozygous Gunn rats, three bands at 600 bp, 400 bp and 200 bp were observed. Homozygosity and heterozygosity of the fetal rats was confirmed by analysis of bile pigments excreted in the meconium. This principle may be adapted for the intrauterine diagnosis of type 1 Crigler–Najjar syndrome and identification of carriers who should receive genetic counseling. However, because individual patients with type 1 Crigler–Najjar syndrome may have genetic lesions at different regions, more extensive genetic analysis will be required. (Hepatology 1992;16:756-762.)
Tuberculous Meningitis Treated with Streptomycin
Authors: S. J. M. Russell, P. MacArthur
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Five of these children were under 4 years old when they developed meningitis. In only one survivor (Case 24) was there a snowstorm appearance on x-ray examination, and' in one other (Case 32) there was a single choroidal tubercle, now healed. In three children the disease was in its early stages when treatment was begun, and in the other six it was in an intermediate stage. No child has survived in whom the disease was already advanced at the onset of treatment. Two children have had a relapse of meningitis and have recovered after a second course of treatment. A block in the circulation of C.S.F. from the ventricles
Autonomic Healing of Acrylic Bone Cement
Authors: A. Sydney Gladman, Asha‐Dee N. Celestine, Nancy R. Sottos, Scott R. White
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Self-healing in orthopedic bone cement is demonstrated with a novel thermoplastic solvent-bonding approach. Low toxicity solvent-filled microcapsules, embedded in a commercial acrylic bone cement matrix, enable recovery of up to 80% of the virgin fracture toughness of the cement at room and body temperature conditions without external stimuli or human intervention. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Abstract 1930: Inhibition of glioblastoma cell growth with the isoprenoids perillyl alcohol, farnesol, and geraniol
Authors: Lindsy Dickerson, Aditi Jain, Pamela L. Crowell, James C. K. Lai, Alok Bhushan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The naturally occurring isoprenoid perillyl alcohol has chemotherapeutic activity toward many solid tumor types. Early phase human clinical trials have shown low toxicity but only limited efficacy. In glioblastoma, perillyl alcohol has antitumor activity toward cultured cells and has shown some survival benefit in a Phase I/II clinical trial. More potent compounds are needed in order to make more significant impacts on patient survival from glioblastoma and other chemoresistant cancers. Isoprenoids may be especially useful in glioblastoma given their lipophilic nature and potential to cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, we compared the chemotherapeutic effects of perillyl alcohol with the related isoprenoids farnesol and geraniol on cell survival in cultured U87 human glioblastoma cells. Cells were treated for 72 h with isoprenoids, and cell survival was measured by the MTT assay. In U87 cells, each of the isoprenoids exhibited a dose-dependent effect on cell survival in the range of 0-2 mM. The relative potency was farnesol&amp;gt;perillyl alcohol&amp;gt;geraniol, with 52%, 38% and 23% inhibition at 1500 uM, respectively. We then tested the effects of isoprenoids on mitogenic signaling via ERK, phosphoERK, AKT and phosphAKT Western blots in U87 cells. Farnesol decreased phosphoERK at doses as low as 50 uM, whereas perillyl alcohol and geraniol had no effect. None of the isoprenoids affected phosphoAKT, total AKT, or total ERK. Together, these data suggest that farnesol may be a more effective agent than perillyl alcohol in the chemotherapy of glioblastoma, and its effects may be due in part to inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1930. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1930
HETEROGENIC SERUM, AGE, AND MULTIPLICATION OF FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Alexis Carrel, Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

The presence in a culture medium of heterogenic serum of various concentrations exerts a definite influence on the rate of multiplication of fibroblasts. Dog serum does not inhibit the growth of See PDF for Structure chicken fibroblasts markedly until its concentration reaches 15 per cent. Beyond this figure, each increase of the concentration brings about a rapid decrease in the rate of cell multiplication. When the concentration reaches from 30 to 45 per cent, no growth takes place. The inhibiting action of cat serum begins to manifest itself at a concentration of 25 per cent and prevents cell proliferation completely at a concentration of 55 and 60 per cent. The ratio, See PDF for Equation can be taken as expressing the action of the serum on fibroblast multiplication; that is, as the growth index of the serum. See PDF for Structure The inhibiting influence of heterogenic serum was found to vary in direct ratio to the age of the animal from which it was obtained. The rate of proliferation of chicken fibroblasts was studied comparatively in media containing varied concentrations of serum from young and old animals. For each concentration of serum, the rate of growth in the serum of the old animal was expressed in relation to the rate of growth in the serum of the young animal. When cat serum was used, the curve obtained in plotting this ratio in ordinates and the serum concentration in abscissae showed a rapid increase in the inhibiting action of the old serum as soon as the concentration reached 30 per cent. The same tests were repeated with the serum from young and old dogs. The general results were identical, although See PDF for Structure the quantitative inhibiting action of both sera was greater than that of cat serum. It may be concluded that under the conditions of the experiments: 1. Heterogenicsera inhibit and prevent the growth of chicken fibroblasts when their concentration is made to vary within certain limits. 2. A relation exists between the rate of growth of chicken fibroblasts, the concentration of the heterogenic serum, and the age of the animal from which the serum is taken. Thus, the rate of proliferation of chicken fibroblasts expressed by the growth index of the serum can be used as a means for detecting certain changes brought about by age in a heterogenic serum.
Hypolipidemic effect of type Ia antiarrhythmic agents in postinfarction patients.
Authors: W E Boden, A J Moss, D Oakes
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Elevated levels of cholesterol and apoprotein B (apo B), the essential carrier protein for low density lipoprotein, are major lipid risk factors for premature coronary disease. Antiarrhythmic agents are frequently prescribed to patients with coronary heart disease and associated cardiac arrhythmias. As part of another study, we retrospectively investigated the effect of antiarrhythmic agents on blood lipids. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population consisted of 1,567 postinfarction patients on whom we prospectively collected serial blood samples for lipid and apoprotein determinations and recorded the concomitant medications the patients were receiving at three follow-up time periods. The lipids, analyzed at a central core laboratory, included total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C), and apoproteins A-I (apo A-I), A-II (apo A-II), and apo B. The difference in the group mean lipid values for patients receiving and not receiving type Ia antiarrhythmic agents (quinidine, procainamide, and disopyramide) was evaluated by the two-sample t test, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to adjust for relevant covariates. Patients using type Ia antiarrhythmic agents at the 30-month postinfarction contact (n = 76) had 8.6% lower cholesterol (p less than 0.003), 22.3% lower triglycerides (p less than 0.0002), 6.2% lower apo A-I (p = 0.02), 10.1% lower apo A-II (p less than 0.001), and 12.7% lower apo B (p less than 0.0001) levels than patients not on these medications (n = 1,491). These lower lipid levels were found after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, smoking status, concomitant medications, and a variety of clinical factors relating to the severity of the coronary disease process. The HDL C levels were similar in those receiving and not receiving type Ia agents. CONCLUSIONS Patients on type Ia antiarrhythmic agents had significantly and meaningfully lower cholesterol, triglyceride, apo A-II, and apo B levels than patients not receiving these agents. The mechanism of this hypolipidemic effect is undefined, but the mechanism may be related to an alteration by these agents of ionic membrane currents at the hepatocyte level.
Reversible Poststenotic Bronchiectasis
Authors: Theodore Drapanas, Ralph Siewers, John H. Feist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

RUPTURE of one of the major bronchi is now regarded as a relatively frequent complication of severe closed thoracic trauma.1 Although the common complications of this type of injury, including uncontrolled pneumothorax with or without hemothorax and progressive mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, are well recognized, a significant group of injuries remains in which fracture of the bronchial cartilage will occur without extensive leakage of air, presumably because the mucosa and membranous wall of the bronchus remain intact or because such tears will become sealed by adjacent structures. Such a complication probably occurs in some crushing chest wounds, and the patient . . .
Deficiency of the Chemotactic Factor Inactivator in Human Sera with α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Peter A. Ward, Richard C. Talamo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

As revealed by appropriate fractionation procedures, human serum deficient in alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) is also deficient in the naturally occurring chemotactic factor inactivator. These serum donors had severe pulmonary emphysema. Serum from patients with clinically similar pulmonary disease, but with presence of alpha(1)-AT in the serum, showed no such deficiency of the chemotactic factor inactivator. When normal human serum and alpha(1)-AT-deficient human sera are chemotactically activated by incubation with immune precipitates, substantially more chemotactic activity is generated in alpha(1)-AT-deficient serum. These data indicate that in alpha(1)-AT-deficient serum there is an imbalance in the generation and control of chemotactic factors. It is suggested that the theory regarding development of pulmonary emphysema in patients lacking the alpha(1)-antitrypsin in their serum should be modified to take into account a deficiency of the chemotactic factor inactivator.
Validation of the recommendations on clinic size made by the British Association of Dermatologists
Authors: J.A. Savin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Validation of the recommendations on clinic size made by the British Association of Dermatologists Get access J.A. Savin J.A. Savin Dermatology Department, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Lauriston Place. Edinburgh EH3 9YW. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 6, 1 June 1997, Page 970, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03948.x Published: 01 June 1997
Association of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and carcinoma: A possible paraneoplastic myelodysplasia
Authors: J. Sans‐Sabrafen, S. Woessner, C. Besses, R. Lafuente, L. Florensa, J. Buxó
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Recently., Raz and associates [l] and Haznedar [2] reported in this journal five cases of pancytopenia with hyperplastic marrow, which preceded the development of lung and prostate carcinomas suggesting that pancytopenia resulting from myelodysplasia is a possible paraneoplastic manifestation in solid tumors.In our experience, five of 18 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia diagnosed according to the FAB criteria [3] presented with an associated epithelial solid tumor.The following abnormalities were found in all cases: an absolute monocytosis in the peripheral blood (> 1 x lO'/liter), high levels of serum lysozyme, splenomegaly, bone marrow infiltration made up of atypical promyelocytes and especially of promonocytes, and a percentage of type I blast cells of less than 10%.In four of the five cases, the in vitro culture of CFU-GM from bone marrow and peripheral blood samples showed a characteristic growth pattern of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (increased number of colonies and aggregates).Two patients had a carcinoma of the stomach, one patient a carcinoma of the colon, one patient an epidermoid bronchogenic carcinoma, and the remaining patient an epidermoid tumor of unknown origin.Malignancy was confirmed by histologic study in all cases.In three of the five patients, the diagnosis of the leukemic process and that of the epithelial tumor was established simultaneously, but in two cases (epidermoid mletastatic carcinoma and carcinoma of the colon) the neoplasm developed 5 months, and 2 years, respectively, before chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.This last patient was the only one who died as a consequence of the blastic crisis; in the remaining four patients, the cause of the death was metastatic dissemination of the neoplasm.One of the five patients (epidermoid metastatic carcinoma) was given
Prospects for Private Practice — Better Terms for Doctors? — Brave Struggle
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE Health Services Board, which was set up in 1976 to advise the government on the phasing out of pay beds from National Health Service (NHS) hospitals, to suggest methods of establishing common waiting lists for private and NHS patients and to monitor the building of new private hospitals and the extension and improvement of existing ones, has recently presented its first annual report.1 The report reveals that by the beginning of this year, 1400 pay beds had been phased out from the hospitals, leaving about 3000 throughout the country. Further withdrawals will take place when the demand for private . . .
Zinc-protamine-insulin in Diabetes
Authors: R. D. Lawrence
Journal: BMJ (1939)

will it be with Health as the wise man warned us it is with Happiness: shall we call no man healthy until he is dead?Ultimately the answer to this question must depend upon the two things, interaction between which constitutes disease: one is the causative agents of disease, and the other is man himself.Changes in either, or in both, of these would delay control, it may be indefinitely, and change is of the very essence of living things: change, but also persistence.Elsewhere I have dealt with an aspect of this matter in speaking about New Diseases and Old.In relation to the large field of microbic diseases, to name only one, there are elemental forces at work which still confound the epidemiologist.And what of man himself?Will man invent new diseases as time goes on?Is he le §s inscrutable, less wilful, less errant, because modern psychology has made his nature more clear to us?Or will he always be as Henry Vaughan depicted him?Man hath still either toyes, or Care, He hath no loot, nor to one place is tied, But ever restless and Irregular About this earth doth run and ride,
People in mental health crises are treated like criminals, says report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Every year over 9000 people in England and Wales who are held under the Mental Health Act are put in police cells despite codes of practice saying that this should occur only in exceptional circumstances.

A joint report from HM Inspectorates of Constabulary and Prisons, the Care Quality Commission, and the Healthcare Inspectorate Wales calls for a number of changes to ensure that fewer people with mental disorders are detained in police custody and treated as if they were criminals.1

The police have powers under section 136 of the Mental Health Act to take a person who has mental health problems to a place of safety for their protection and for medical assessment. The Code of Practice for England and the Code of Practice for Wales state that a police station should be used as a place of safety only in exceptional circumstances. But in 2011-12 …