tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Further characterization of prolymphocytic leukemia cells as a tumor of activated B cells
Authors: Alain Berrebi, Lucette Bassous‐Guedj, Eljakim Vorst, Shlomo Dagan, Mordechai Shtalrid, Arnold Freedman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 24 patients with prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) were isolated using a Ficoll‐Hypaque gradient and stained by indirect immunofluorescence using a wide panel of monoclonal antibodies against B cell restricted and associated antigens, including HLA DR (la), CD19, CD21 (C3dR) surface membrane immunoglobulin (Slg), CD10 (CALLA), C3b, B5, CD25 (TAC), PCA1, T9, and T10. The cells were also tested for the FMC7, defined previously on PLL cells and the RAB1, a newly described hairy cell leukemia antigen. Thirteen out of the 24 samples expressed with variable intensity all the above antigens. While la, CD19, CD20, FMC7, and RAB1 were strongly or moderately expressed in all, the complement receptors (CD21 and C3b) were only weakly expressed in 12 cases; and the activation antigens B5, TAC, T9, T10, and PCA1 were found with variable intensity in two‐thirds of the cases. In 50% of the cases tested, the CD5 antigen (usually strongly expressed on B CLL cells) was weakly to moderately expressed. These findings (absence or weak expression of complement receptors with variable expression of activation antigens) suggest that the PLL cells are activated B cells. When stimulated in vitro by anti‐mu and TPA, (phorbol ester) tumor cells showed a decrease in CD21 and Slg and a stronger expression of CD25, T9, T10, and PCA1, with evidence of lg secretion in four out of the seven cases studied. This confirms that the PLL cells arrested at an advanced stage of differentiation progressed narrowly to more differentiated cells. In view of our findings, we believe that the term prolymphocytic leukemia is inaccurate to define the stage of cell differentiation, and we suggest calling the disease preplasmacytic leukemia .
Effects of purified human native granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on proliferation of blast progenitors in acute myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: Nobuo Nara, Ikuo Murohashi, Toshiya Suzuki, Yoko Yamashita, Yasuo Maruyama, Nobuo Aoki, Shu Tanikawa, Yasusuke Onozawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Blast progenitors in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) grow in methylcellulose and suspension cultures. Blast colony formation in methylcellulose culture reflects the terminal divisions of blast progenitors, while secondary colony formation, by replating in methylcellulose and recovering clonogenic cells in suspension culture, reflects the self‐renewal of blast progenitors. To analyze the regulatory mechanisms of the proliferation of leukemic blast progenitors, the effects of highly purified native granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G‐CSF) obtained from human squamous cell carcinoma line (CHU‐2) on blast progenitors in AML patients were studied in methylcellulose and suspension cultures. Purified G‐CSF stimulated the growth of blast progenitors in both culture systems, although sensitivity to G‐CSF varied from patient to patient. No obvious maturation of leukemic blasts was noted in suspension culture in the presence of G‐CSF. The data suggest that a normal hemopoietic regulator may play a role in the growth of blast progenitors in AML patients.
Inhibition of intestinal cell proliferation by villous cell extract.
Authors: P Rampal, J L Nano, C Zunino
Journal: Gut (1987)

In order to verify the hypothesis that intestinal cell proliferation is controlled by a mitotic inhibitor, extracts of villous epithelial cells from different species were analysed to study their effect on the proliferation of various intestinal cells. Villous extracts from rat and rabbit strongly and reversibly inhibited cell division and DNA synthesis in a rat intestinal epithelial cell line and a primary culture of rabbit intestinal epithelial cells. This non-cytotoxic, tissue specific but not species specific factor is present in both villous cells and crypt cells, with the highest concentrations occurring in the superficial epithelial cells. Assay of a partial purification of this factor showed that it has a molecular weight of approximately 190,000 daltons.
Cerebellar ataxia and sensory neuropathy associated with dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: TAWFIQUE K. DANESHMEND, CHRISTOPHER GARDNER-THORPE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Cerebellar ataxia and sensory neuropathy associated with dermatitis herpetiformis Get access TAWFIQUE K. DANESHMEND, TAWFIQUE K. DANESHMEND University Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW and Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford), Exeter EX2 5DW T.K.Daneshmend, University Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CHRISTOPHER GARDNER‐THORPE CHRISTOPHER GARDNER‐THORPE University Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW and Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford), Exeter EX2 5DW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 104, Issue 5, 1 May 1981, Page 593, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb08178.x Published: 01 May 1981 Article history Accepted: 27 July 1980 Published: 01 May 1981
Acute Aortic Intramural Hematoma
Authors: Kevin M. Harris, Alan C. Braverman, Kim A. Eagle, Elise M. Woznicki, Reed E. Pyeritz, Truls Myrmel, Mark D. Peterson, Matthias Voehringer, Rossella Fattori, James L. Januzzi, Dan Gilon, Daniel G. Montgomery, Christoph A. Nienaber, Santi Trimarchi, Eric M. Isselbacher, Arturo Evangelista
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Acute aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is an important subgroup of aortic dissection, and controversy surrounds appropriate management.Patients with acute aortic syndromes in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (1996-2011) were evaluated to examine differences between patients (based on the initial imaging test) with IMH or classic dissection (AD). Of 2830 patients, 178 had IMH (64 type A [42%], 90 type B [58%], and 24 arch). Patients with IMH were older and presented with similar symptoms, such as severe pain. Patients with type A IMH were less likely to present with aortic regurgitation or pulse deficits and were more likely to have periaortic hematoma and pericardial effusion. Although type A IMH and AD were managed medically infrequently, type B IMH were more frequently treated medically. Overall in-hospital mortality was not statistically different for type A IMH compared to AD (26.6% versus 26.5%; P=0.998); type A IMH managed medically had significant mortality (40.0%), although less than classic AD (61.8%; P=0.195). Patients with type B IMH had a hospital mortality that was less but did not differ significantly (4.4% versus 11.1%; P=0.062) from classic AD. One-year mortality was not significantly different between AD and IMH.Acute IMH has similar presentation to classic AD but is more frequently complicated with pericardial effusions and periaortic hematoma. Patients with IMH have a mortality that does not differ statistically from those with classic AD. A small subgroup of type A IMH patients are managed medically and have a significant in-hospital mortality.
Post-exposure prophylaxis after needlestick injuries would require change in management
Authors: T J Neal, G Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The chief medical officer recently suggested a change in the guidance relating to the management of healthcare workers exposed to HIV.1 A move towards post-exposure prophylaxis would require a considerable change in the management of needlestick injuries.

We recently analysed the management of needlestick injuries in the Merseyside area by means of a postal questionnaire sent to consultant microbiologists, genitourinary physicians, consultants in accident and emergency medicine, occupational health departments, and infection control nurses. Twenty nine (52%) completed questionnaires were returned. Six respondents stated that …
Reversal of P-glycoprotein–Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells by the c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase
Authors: Jun Zhou, Min Liu, Ritu Aneja, Ramesh Chandra, Hermann Lage, Harish C. Joshi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

A significant impediment to the success of cancer chemotherapy is multidrug resistance (MDR). A typical form of MDR is attributable to the overexpression of membrane transport proteins, such as P-glycoprotein, resulting in an increased drug efflux. In this study, we show that adenovirus-mediated enhancement of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) reduces the level of P-glycoprotein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Protein turnover assay shows that the decrease of P-glycoprotein is independent of its protein stability. Instead, this occurs primarily at the mRNA level, as revealed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. We find that P-glycoprotein down-regulation requires the catalytic activity of JNK and is mediated by the c-Jun transcription factor, as either pharmacologic inhibition of JNK activity or dominant-negative suppression of c-Jun remarkably abolishes the ability of JNK to down-regulate P-glycoprotein. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assay reveals that adenoviral JNK increases the activator protein binding activity of the mdr1 gene in the MDR cells. We further show that the decrease of P-glycoprotein level is associated with a significant increase in intracellular drug accumulation and dramatically enhances the sensitivity of MDR cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Our study provides the first direct evidence that enhancement of the JNK pathway down-regulates P-glycoprotein and reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR in cancer cells.
Muscle weakness is related to utilization of health care resources in COPD patients
Authors: M Decramer, R Gosselink, T Troosters, M Verschueren, G Evers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The factors determining utilization of health care resources in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. In order to obtain insight into these factors, we studied the utilization of health care resources in 57 stable COPD patients with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 36 +/- 9% predicted. Patients were divided into two groups: admitted at least twice in the last year (high medical consumption; n = 23) or not admitted in the last year (low medical consumption; n = 34). Other variables related to utilization of health care resources studied were; the number of hospital days; the number of out-patient visits to a pulmonary department in the last year; and the average daily dose (ADD) of corticosteroids taken in the last 6 months. The actual cost of utilization of health care resources, however, was not studied. In addition, pulmonary function, serum electrolytes, blood gas values, 6 min walking distance, respiratory and peripheral muscle force, and appraisal of self-care agency (ASA score) were studied. Pulmonary function, serum electrolytes, blood gas values, ASA score and walking distance were not different between the two groups (e.g. FEV1 36 +/- 8 vs 36 +/- 10% pred). Respiratory muscle forces tended to be lower in the high medical consumption group, this tendency almost reaching statistical significance for maximal expiratory pressure (PE,max) (p = 0.08). Peripheral muscle force, however, was clearly reduced in the high medical consumption group (quadriceps force 63 +/- 20 vs 82 +/- 26% pred; p &lt; 0.05). The number of admissions, the number of hospital days, the number of out-patient visits, and ADD were interrelated and also related to ventilatory and peripheral muscle force (r -0.18 to -0.38). This relationship was statistically significant for PE,max, whilst a similar tendency was present for maximal inspiratory pressure (PI,max). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, only quadriceps force was a significant determinant of utilization of health care services. We conclude that utilization of health care services in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to ventilatory and peripheral muscle force. Whether or not reduced muscle force is simply an expression of disease severity remains to be determined.
Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Authors: D A Ehrmann, R B Barnes, R L Rosenfield, M K Cavaghan, J Imperial
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: NIDDM occurs commonly among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The prevalence and natural history of its precursor, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), is less well known. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence and incidence of glucose intolerance in a large cohort of women with well-characterized PCOS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 122 women with clinical and hormonal evidence of PCOS were recruited from the Medicine, Endocrinology, Gynecology, and Pediatrics Clinics at the University of Chicago. All women had a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with measurement of glucose and insulin levels. A subset of 25 women were subsequently restudied with the aim of characterizing the natural history of glucose tolerance in PCOS. RESULTS: Glucose tolerance was abnormal in 55 (45%) of the 122 women: 43 (35%) had IGT and 12 (10%) had NIDDM at the time of initial study. The women with NIDDM differed from those with normal glucose tolerance in that they had a 2.6-fold higher prevalence of first-degree relatives with NIDDM (83 vs. 31%, P &amp;lt; 0.01 by chi 2) and were significantly more obese (BMI 41.0 +/- 2.4 vs. 33.4 +/- 1.1 kg/m2, P &amp;lt; 0.01). For the entire cohort of 122 women, there was a significant correlation between fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations (r = 0.76, P &amp;lt; 0.0001); among the subset with IGT, the fasting glucose concentration was poorly predictive of the 2-h level (r = 0.25, NS). After a mean follow-up of 2.4 +/- 0.3 years (range 0.5-6.3), 25 women had a second OGTT. The glucose concentration at 2 h during the second glucose tolerance test was significantly higher than the 2-h concentration during the first study (161 +/- 9 vs. 139 +/- 6 mg/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IGT and NIDDM in women with PCOS is substantially higher than expected when compared with age- and weight-matched populations of women without PCOS. The conversion from IGT to NIDDM is accelerated in PCOS. The fasting glucose concentration does not reliably predict the glucose concentration at 2 h after an oral glucose challenge, particularly among those with IGT, the subgroup at highest risk for subsequent development of NIDDM. We conclude that women with PCOS should periodically have an OGTT and must be closely monitored for deterioration in glucose tolerance.
World Health Research Centre
Authors: K. W. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1964)

27 June, p. 1653).I feel that this editorial, perhaps unintentionally, was exceedingly patronizing to both the World Health Organization and to Scotland.Further, it only advanced the arguments supporting the present somewhat negative "party line" and made no effort to review or consider many obvious points that can be made for such a Centre with all ,the three suggested functions-namely, epi- .demiology,communications, and biomedical research.Judging by recent reported state- ments by the Minister of Science and the 'Secretary of State for Scotland, there is now wide acceptance of the first two functions, and, if the W.H.O.proposed such a Centre, then it appears likely that the United King- dom will support an invitation to site the Centre in Scotland.However, your editorial, and since then the Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Health, appear strongly opposed to an
Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia by<i>Giardia lamblia</i>
Authors: F. Pérez-Roldán, A. Mate-Valdezate, M. Villafáñez-García, P. González Carro, M. Legaz Huidobro
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan. Clinical features of giardiasis vary greatly between individuals and may range from asymptomatic infection to severe malabsorption syndrome. Whereas individuals with various forms of hypogammaglobulinemia may show more severe disease and damage to the intestinal villi, AIDS patients do not appear to be at increased risk of severe giardiasis [1]. We present a case of duodenal giardiasis in a patient with IgA deficit.
Comprehensive Assessment of Genetic Variation of <i>Catechol-O-Methyltransferase</i> and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Mia M. Gaudet, Stephen Chanock, Jolanta Lissowska, Sonja I. Berndt, Beata Peplonska, Louise A. Brinton, Robert Welch, Meredith Yeager, Alicja Bardin-Mikolajczak, Montserrat Garcia-Closas
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Because catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the addition of methyl groups to stabilize catechol estrogens that may induce DNA damage, genetic variants could influence breast cancer risk. To comprehensively characterize genetic variation in this gene, we selected haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) in COMT. A total of 11 htSNPs (including COMT Val158Met) were selected based on the resequencing and dense genotyping approach of the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. htSNPs were genotyped in a population-based, case-control study in Poland (1,995 cases and 2,296 controls). Individual SNPs were not significantly associated with risk. Haplotypes were estimated using the expectation-maximization algorithm. Overall differences in the haplotype distribution between cases and controls were assessed using a global score test. The TGAG haplotype (frequent in 4.3% of controls), in a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block that included the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of COMT, was associated with breast cancer risk (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.58) compared with the most common haplotype TGAA; however, the global test for haplotype associations was not significant (P = 0.09). Haplotypes in another LD block, which included COMT Val158Met, were not associated with breast cancer risk (global P = 0.76). Haplotype-breast cancer risk associations were not significantly modified by hormonally related risk factors, family history of breast cancer, or tumor characteristics. In summary, our data does not support a substantial overall association between COMT haplotypes and breast cancer. The suggestion of increased risk associated with a haplotype in the 3′ UTR of COMT needs to be confirmed in independent study populations. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9781-5)
ABSENCE OF LEFT PECTORALIS MAJOR AND MINOR MUSCLES
Authors: J. M. Heyde
Journal: JAMA (1924)

D. F., a youth, aged 19, is husky and muscular except for the absence of the left pectoralis major and minor muscles. In their location the ribs are plainly evident on inspection up to the clavicle. The infraclavicular region is a well marked fossa covered with loose skin. The right pectoral region is very rotund and muscular. The left mammary region seems atrophied and much smaller than the right. There is a history of suppurative infection of the left mammary gland a few days after birth. This was diagnosed "witches' milk" (whatever that is) by the attending physicians at the time of birth, and the chest deformity was attributed to it. There are no scars and no history of the breast being opened.
Macular Degeneration Coverage
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mildly reduced creatinine clearance is associated with coronary artery disease in women: The NHLBI-sponsored WISE study
Authors: Marian B. Olson, Richard Holubkov, Linda Fried, Virgina Reeser, Sunil Mankad, Carl J. Pepine, Richard Kerensky, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Barry L. Sharaf, George Sopko, William J. Rogers, Steven E. Reis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Prevention of Pain in Neonates
Authors: Praveen Kumar
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
For Placebo Effects in Medicine, Seeing Is Believing
Authors: Randy L. Gollub, Jian Kong
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

The gold standard for determining the efficacy of biomedical therapies is the detection of a significant difference between the therapeutic effects of an active pharmacological agent or procedure and a matched inert placebo in a randomized controlled trial. Detecting this difference has become a challenge for medicine, especially for outcomes that are based on patient self-rated scales. Yet factors that contribute to placebo responses have received scant attention. In this issue of Science Translational Medicine, Bingel et al. report on an example of how noninvasive whole-brain imaging contributes to our understanding of brain-based placebo effects. Here we highlight ways in which neuroimaging is catalyzing a revolution in society's perspective of placebo effects by providing a compelling visualization of how brain activities that reflect a person's thoughts, feelings, and past experiences can enhance or antagonize his or her response to a medical treatment.