tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polyclonal and Specific Antibodies Mediate Protective Immunity against Enteric Helminth Infection
Authors: Kathy D. McCoy, Maaike Stoel, Rebecca Stettler, Patrick Merky, Katja Fink, Beatrice M. Senn, Corinne Schaer, Joanna Massacand, Bernhard Odermatt, Hans C. Oettgen, Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Nicolaas A. Bos, Hans Hengartner, Andrew J. Macpherson, Nicola L. Harris
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)

SummaryAnti-helminth immunity involves CD4+ T cells, yet the precise effector mechanisms responsible for parasite killing or expulsion remain elusive. We now report an essential role for antibodies in mediating immunity against the enteric helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp), a natural murine parasite that establishes chronic infection. Polyclonal IgG antibodies, present in naive mice and produced following Hp infection, functioned to limit egg production by adult parasites. Comparatively, affinity-matured parasite-specific IgG and IgA antibodies that developed only after multiple infections were required to prevent adult worm development. These data reveal complementary roles for polyclonal and affinity-matured parasite-specific antibodies in preventing enteric helminth infection by limiting parasite fecundity and providing immune protection against reinfection, respectively. We propose that parasite-induced polyclonal antibodies play a dual role, whereby the parasite is allowed to establish chronicity, while parasite load and spread are limited, likely reflecting the long coevolution of helminth parasites with their hosts.
Early myocardial lesions in encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infected mice
Authors: C. Y. Tsui, G. E. Burch, H. L. Colcolough, J. M. Harb
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

The encephalomyocarditis virus readily produces myocarditis in mice. Early histopathological changes in the myocardium of both newborn and adult mice are described and discussed. The histological changes noted in the myocardium conform with the presence of EMC virus crystals noted in the myocardial fibres by electron microscopy. These findings suggest that the myocardial damage is produced by direct invasion by the virus which enters the cells during infection. The relationship of EMC viral infection to cardiac disease in man is yet to be determined, but mice provide an excellent model for studying the pathology and natural history of viral myocarditis and other lesions of the heart.
Clinical Lecture New Operation for the Radical Cure of Hernia
Authors: T. N. Fitzgerald
Journal: BMJ (1883)

GuNTLBn1ME,-In the course of your studies amongst the out- patients that daily attend this institution, many cases of abdoniinal hernite Eave doubtless come under your observation.Noticing the inconvenience that such abnormalities must neces- Bwily occasion, requiring as they do the habitual wearing of a truss, and'the element of danger that always exists in the event of the bo*el becoming accidentally strangulated, it may have, perhaps, seemed ,singular to you that, whilst many operations 'have been devised, and are ever being successfully practised, for other con- genital deficiencies and deformities, so few should be in vogue (and these comparatively so seldom performed) for the permanent cure of abdominal herniae.There are,-however, several reasons why sur- geons are more reluctant than usual to resort to operative measures, if palliative 'treatment will suffice.There is the danger to life ftdm peritonitis entailed by all surgical procedures ',hitherto proposed.Again, none of the measures as yet suggested have proved so ade- quately successful as to warrant their general adoption.According to the reports obtainable, some would appear to answer for a time, but, as soon as the support is put aside, the temporary adhesions either stretch or give way, 'and a fresh protrusion of the bowel in- evitably takes place.Other operations apparently succeed in the
Myocardial viability estimation during the recovery phase of stress echocardiography after acute beta‐blocker administration
Authors: Stefanos E. Karagiannis, Harm H.H. Feringa, Jeroen J. Bax, Abdu Elhendy, Martin Dunkelgrun, Radosav Vidakovic, S.E. Hoeks, Ron van Domburg, Roelf Valhema, Dennis V. Cokkinos, Don Poldermans
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Endothelin Receptors in the Failing and Nonfailing Human Heart
Authors: Klaus Pönicke, Magdalene Vogelsang, Moritz Heinroth, Karin Becker, Oliver Zolk, Michael Böhm, Hans-Reinhard Zerkowski, Otto-Erich Brodde
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels are increased. We studied whether the cardiac ET-receptor system is altered in CHF patients. Methods and Results —We assessed ET-evoked inositol phosphate (IP) formation in slices from right atria and left ventricles from 6 potential heart transplant donors (NFH) and 15 patients with end-stage CHF; in membranes from the same tissues, we studied ET-induced inhibition of isoprenaline- and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase and ET-receptor density. ET (10 −9 to 10 −6 mol/L, ET-1 &gt;&gt;&gt; ET-3) increased IP formation in right atria and left ventricles through ET A -receptor stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner; no difference in potency or efficacy between NFH and CHF hearts was observed. ET-1 (10 −10 to 10 −6 mol/L), via ET A -receptor stimulation, inhibited isoprenaline- and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase in right atria but not in left ventricles, whereas carbachol inhibited adenylyl cyclase in both tissues; again, the potency and efficacy of ET- or carbachol-induced adenylyl cyclase inhibition was not different between NFH and CHF hearts. [ 125 I]ET-1 binding revealed the coexistence of ET A and ET B receptors in both tissues; however, the density of ET A receptors was not significantly different between NFH and CHF hearts. Finally, the immunodetectable amount of left ventricular G q/11 protein did not differ between NFH and CHF hearts. Conclusions —In the human heart, ET A and ET B receptors coexist; however, only ET A receptors are of functional importance. In right atria, ET A receptors couple to IP formation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase; in left ventricles, they couple only to IP formation. In end-stage CHF, the functional responsiveness of the cardiac ET A -receptor system is not altered.
Esophageal Metastasis From Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Christian Wisotzki, Michael Friese, Jörg Ehresmann, Thorsten Derlin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We report a case of esophageal metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer diagnosed by I SPECT/CT. A 70-year-old man presented with increasing thyroglobulin levels 13 years after thyroidectomy and ablation with I for thyroid cancer. The whole-body radioiodine scan demonstrated marked tracer uptake in the mediastinum, and SPECT/CT could clearly localize the activity to the esophagus. Subsequent surgical resection with histopathologic evaluation revealed an esophageal metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer. I SPECT/CT is a valuable tool for evaluation and precise anatomical localization of the foci of radionuclide activity in thyroid cancer, enabling adequate treatment.
Capsule Endoscopy Versus Enteroclysis in the Detection of Small-Bowel Involvement in Crohn’s Disease: A Prospective Trial
Authors: Riccardo Marmo, Gianluca Rotondano, Roberto Piscopo, Maria Antonia Bianco, Alfredo Siani, Orlando Catalano, Livio Cipolletta
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Inhibition of Breast Cancer Growth by Suramin
Authors: Françoise Vignon, Christine Prebois, Henri Rochefort
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Inhibition of Breast Cancer Growth by Suramin Get access Françoise Vignon, Françoise Vignon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christine Prebois, Christine Prebois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henri Rochefort Henri Rochefort Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Pages 38–42, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.1.38 Published: 01 January 1992 Article history Revision received: 16 August 1991 Accepted: 02 October 1991 Published: 01 January 1992
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS ALONE IS COMPARABLE TO CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS OF ALL CAROTID ARTERY SEGMENTS IN IMPROVING CORONARY HEART DISEASE RISK PREDICTION IN THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES (ARIC) STUDY
Authors: Vijay Nambi, Lloyd Chambless, Max He, Aaron R. Folsom, Tom Mosley, Eric Boerwinkle, Christie Ballantyne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Croonian Lectures on a New Departure in Diabetes: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: F. W. Pavy
Journal: BMJ (1894)

Dr. PAvY, in commencing his course of lectures, observed that diabetes had been known by its symptoms from the most remote antiquity.The essential point in its pathology was the undue and improper elimination of sugar in the urine.To this all the symptoms of the disease could be traced.Carbo-hydrate food taken by a healthy person was retained and utilised in the system contributing to its service, and maintaining the life of the individual.In diabetes it ran off and was not turned to account.All the symptoms of the disease depended on this unnatural exit of the Sugar.The excessive quantity of urine passed was due directly to the elimination of the sugar, which in its exit carried with it an undue quantity of water.Diminution of the amount of sugar excreted was immediately attended by a diminution in the flow of urine, whieh was in direct proportion to the amount of Eagar.The wasting so characteristic of the disease was traceable to the non-utilisation of the carbo-hydrate elements of the food.In a similar way the loss of power was due to this non-utilisation of carbo-hydrate food.Further, to meet the increased egress of water there must be an increased ingress of water.Patients might often be heard to say that they tank much more water, and in consequence passed much more.This was to invert the real order of events, for the firdt link in the chain was the increased outflow of water.THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CARBO-HYDRATES.The problem to be solved in arriving at a true comprehen- eion of the pathology of diabetes was how it was that in the healthy person carbo-hydrate food was applied to the benefit of the individual, and how it was that in diabetes it was allowed to run to waste without utilisation.Here a right
FREQUENCY, MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS OF LATE PERI-STENT CONTRAST STAINING: ANALYSIS FROM THE HORIZONS-AMI TRIAL
Authors: Tadayuki Yakushiji, Shinji Inaba, Akiko Maehara, Ecaterina Cristea, Sorin Brener, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giulio Guagliumi, Ke Xu, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone, Gary Mintz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Identification of hepatitis B virus integration in hepatitis C virus-infected hepatocellular carcinoma tissues
Authors: Tetsuro Urashima, Kenichi Saigo, Susumu Kobayashi, Hideo Imaseki, Hisahiro Matsubara, Yoshio Koide, Takehide Asano, Yoichiro Kondo, Katsuro Koike, Kaichi Isono
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Epitope-specific regulation. I. Carrier-specific induction of suppression for IgG anti-hapten antibody responses
Authors: LA Herzenberg, T Tokuhisa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The epitope-specific regulatory system selectively controls IgG antibody production to the individual (haptenic) determinants on a complex antigen. This system can be specifically induced to suppress primary and secondary IgG antibody responses to dinitrophenyl hapten (DNP) without interfering with antibody responses to epitopes on the carrier molecule on which the DNP is presented. Furthermore, once induced, it will specifically suppress responses to DNP presented on unrelated carrier molecules. Results summarized here obtained using widely different immunization conditions, and a variety of haptens and carrier molecules indicate that this regulatory system controls antibody production in most T-dependent antibody responses. Carrier-specific suppressor T cells (CTs) that arise shortly after priming with a carrier molecule such as keyhole limpet hemocyaninin (KLH) induce the epitope-specific system to suppress in situ and adoptive antibody responses to epitopes (e.g., DNP) presented subsequently on the priming carrier. These well-known regulatory T cells are commonly believed to regulate antibody production by interfering with carrier-specific help; however, by repeating the original CTs transfer experiments with additional controls that define the specificity of the mechanism mediating suppression in CTs recipients, we show that KLH-specific CTs regulate responses by inducing typical isotope- specific suppression for anti-DNP responses when the recipients are immunized with DNP-KLH. Thus, whether KLH-primed animals are immunized directly with DNP-KLH (KLH/DNP-KLH immunization sequence) or whether T cells from these animals are challenged with DNP-KLH in (nonirradiated)recipients, anti-DNP responses are persistently suppressed while anti-carrier responses proceed normally. The aqueous KLH-priming protocols usually used to generate CTs are marginally more effective in priming for in situ suppression-induction than the alum KLH-priming protocols commonly used to generate KLH-specific helper T cells and used here in KLH/DNP-KLH immunizations. Thus, studies presented show that priming with an antigenic (carrier) molecule simultaneously prepares the animal for the production of typical secondary (anamnestic) antibody responses to epitopes on the priming antigen and for the induction of epitope-specific suppression for antibody production to determinants presented subsequently on the same antigenic molecule. We discuss the mechanism(s) responsible for this duality and its significance for antibody responses in an accompanying publication that describes the bistable regulatory capabilities of the epitope-specific system.
Hypotrichosis, hair structure defects, hypercysteine hair and glucosuria: a new genetic syndrome?
Authors: U. Blume-Peytavi, J. Föhles., R. SCHULZ, G. WORTMANN, H. GOLLNICK, C. E. ORFANOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Structural hair changes may be the expression of a genetic disorder affecting hair growth, part of a congenital syndrome with accompanying hair malformations, or a marker for an underlying metabolic disorder. We report a 22-month-old Turkish girl and her 10-month-old brother, whose scalp hair became fragile and sparse at about 6-7 months of age. Glucosuria, without diabetes or kidney disease, was detected 3-4 months later. Clinical examination revealed normal physical and mental development, and an analysis of plucked hairs showed dysplastic and broken hair shafts. Polarizing microscopy and scanning electron microscopic studies revealed torsion, and irregularities and impressions of the hair shaft, as seen in pili torti, trichorrhexis nodosa and pseudomonilethrix. Analysis of the amino-acid composition of the hair demonstrated a significant reduction of sulphonic cysteic acid and an elevated cysteine and lanthionine content in the girl, and elevated lanthionine levels in her brother. Electrophoretic analysis of the girl's hair proteins revealed a normal composition but a high extractability of hair proteins. The triad of hypotrichosis, structural hair-shaft defects and abnormal amino-acid composition, accompanied by glucosuria without diabetes, may represent a new genetic syndrome.
Preventing Childhood Malaria in Africa by Protecting Adults from Mosquitoes with Insecticide-Treated Nets
Authors: Gerry F Killeen, Tom A Smith, Heather M Ferguson, Hassan Mshinda, Salim Abdulla, Christian Lengeler, Steven P Kachur
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Malaria prevention in Africa merits particular attention as the world strives toward a better life for the poorest. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) represent a practical means to prevent malaria in Africa, so scaling up coverage to at least 80% of young children and pregnant women by 2010 is integral to the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Targeting individual protection to vulnerable groups is an accepted priority, but community-level impacts of broader population coverage are largely ignored even though they may be just as important. We therefore estimated coverage thresholds for entire populations at which individual- and community-level protection are equivalent, representing rational targets for ITN coverage beyond vulnerable groups.Using field-parameterized malaria transmission models, we show that high (80% use) but exclusively targeted coverage of young children and pregnant women (representing <20% of the population) will deliver limited protection and equity for these vulnerable groups. In contrast, relatively modest coverage (35%-65% use, with this threshold depending on ecological scenario and net quality) of all adults and children, rather than just vulnerable groups, can achieve equitable community-wide benefits equivalent to or greater than personal protection.Coverage of entire populations will be required to accomplish large reductions of the malaria burden in Africa. While coverage of vulnerable groups should still be prioritized, the equitable and communal benefits of wide-scale ITN use by older children and adults should be explicitly promoted and evaluated by national malaria control programmes. ITN use by the majority of entire populations could protect all children in such communities, even those not actually covered by achieving existing personal protection targets of the MDG, Roll Back Malaria Partnership, or the US President's Malaria Initiative.
US experience of smoke-free prisons
Authors: Thomas Lincoln, R Scott Chavez, Elizabeth Langmore-Avila
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rationing in response to NHS deficits: rural patients are likely to be affected most See News, p 1426Editor-News that pressing financial problems have caused NHS trusts in Suffolk to set new "thresholds" to treatments such as joint replacements reinforces concerns raised by a recent BMA survey of medical directors of trusts in which over a third of respondents anticipated reductions of key services in response to funding shortfalls. 1 2 What has hitherto escaped comment is how cuts in services are far more likely to be felt in some parts of the country than others.Deficits in the NHS are invariably presented as a problem of financial mismanagement, but the pattern of deficits shows that the current resource allocation model discriminates against particular communities.According to the recently published accounts for 2004-5, 3 89 out of 303 (30%) English primary care trusts ended the year in deficit.The table shows how 301 of these trusts are distributed accorded to fifths of deprivation and rurality.Primary care trusts serving populations that are in both the most rural and the least deprived fifth were most likely to be in financial difficulties.Seventeen of the 25 (68%) in this category were in deficit.These trusts received the lowest funding allocation per head (£995).By contrast, only 3% (one of 34) of the primary care trusts serving populations that are in both the most urban and the most deprived fifths failed to break even in 2004-5.These trusts received the highest funding allocations per head (£1405).This shows that poor financial management can at best only partly explain why some trusts are in deficit.The pattern of deficits implies that NHS funding provides insufficient resources for rural areas, for comparatively affluent areas, and, most particularly, for areas that are both rural and affluent.The risk is that such measures will result in NHS services being subject to a new postcode lottery, in which rural residents are more likely to lose out.
AIDS Around the World: Analyzing Complex Patterns
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1988)

INCREASING INCIDENCE and prevalence worldwide is the loud and clear message regarding the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but when one tries to pin down just what is happening where, the numbers are found to be soft and the story often confused. While information issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) and gathered at recent meetings in this country and abroad contributes to understanding the current sway of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it must be realized that seldom has so much data been presented by so many in so qualified a manner. Even when exact figures are given, as they often are, it is tacitly understood that what one is really hearing is a best guess based on the limited facts available. This might be kept in mind when perusing the latest bulletins. At the same time that efforts are being made to shore up the statistics, many countries
Endometriosis in the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Axel Nötzold, Pierre Moubayed, Hans-Hinrich Sievers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Manifestations of endometriosis in thoracic organs are very rare.1,2 We describe a case of endometriosis in the thoracic aorta. After an uneventful pregnancy, a 28-year-old woman delivered a healthy girl by elective cesarean section. The procedure was complicated by severe, intractable hypertension. No cause was found for the severe hypertension, which was still present several weeks after delivery. A chest x-ray film and computed tomographic scan obtained postoperatively showed a pseudoaneurysm of the descending aorta with a maximal diameter of 9 cm in the area of a patch repair of a coarctation, which had been performed . . .
Small Airways of the Lung
Authors: RICHARD V. EBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Recent findings have emphasized the importance of the bronchiole to the function of the lung. The surface of the bronchiole differs from that of the alveolus. Rather than being covered by a thin coat of phospholipid, the surface is covered with cilia that are surrounded by a low-viscosity fluid. This permits the removal of foreign particles. Surface forces are important to the function of the bronchiole. The diameter of the bronchiole is a function of the volume of the lung. When the lung is partially collapsed, the bronchiole acts as a capillary tube and is readily obstructed by fluid. In chronic bronchitis, obstruction is related to narrowing by fibrosis and inflammation, alteration in the secretion, and loss of traction on the walls. Obstruction of the bronchiole by fluid in edema of the lung contributes to hypoxemia. Positive end expiratory pressure may prevent obstruction by increasing the bronchiolar diameter.