tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-Level Ozone Exposure and Respiratory Symptoms in Infants
Authors: Elizabeth W. Triche, Janneane F. Gent, Theodore R. Holford, Kathleen Belanger, Michael B. Bracken, William S. Beckett, Luke Naeher, Jean-ellen McSharry, Brian P. Leaderer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Recent studies indicate that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ozone standards may not protect sensitive individuals. In this study we examined respiratory effects of ozone in infants who may be vulnerable, particularly if they are children of asthmatic mothers.Women delivering babies at one of five hospitals in southwestern Virginia between 1994 and 1996 were invited to participate in a cohort study; 780 women enrolled. Ambient air quality data (ozone and particulate matter) were collected at a central monitoring site.This analysis is of 691 infants followed for approximately 83 days between 10 June and 31 August 1995 and/or 1996 ; they contributed a total of 52,421 infant-days of follow-up. Mothers were interviewed at enrollment and approximately biweekly to report infants' daily symptoms. Repeated measures logistic regression models were run separately for wheeze, difficulty breathing, and cough. Ozone metrics included 24-hr average, peak 1-hr, and maximum 8-hr average. Analyses were repeated for the 61 infants whose mothers had asthma.For every interquartile-range increase in same-day 24-hr average ozone, likelihood of wheeze increased 37% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2-84%]. Among infants of asthmatic mothers, same-day 24-hr average ozone increased likelihood of wheeze 59% (95% CI, 1-154%) and of difficulty breathing 83% (95% CI, 42-136%). Maximum 8-hr ozone and peak 1-hr ozone were associated with difficulty breathing, but not wheeze, in infants of asthmatic mothers. Ozone was not associated with cough.At levels of ozone exposure near or below current U.S. EPA standards, infants are at increased risk of respiratory symptoms, particularly infants whose mothers have physician-diagnosed asthma.
SPIROCHETAL ABSCESSES OF THE LUNG
Authors: Vance Rawson
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In 1921, Kline<sup>1</sup>reported three cases of spirochetal pulmonary gangrene occurring in Montefiore Hospital, and referred to seventeen other cases he was able to find reported in the literature. In 1923, he<sup>2</sup>reported four additional cases from Cleveland, making a total of twenty-four cases at that time. This case is reported as adding another to the series. His own cases were of gradual onset, the diagnosis not being made for some days; and all seven patients had severe dental caries, from which foci the spirochetes were obtained. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> C. M., a man, aged 69, entered the Chicago Memorial Hospital, Sept. 3, 1923, gravely ill. June 8, while in Wisconsin on a vacation, he had a severe attack of tonsillitis, resulting in a peritonsillar abscess, which was evacuated, June 10. Three days after, this had extended to the anterior tissues of the neck, necessitating incision and drainage.
Localization of breakthrough site of canine monomorphic ventricular tachycardia by pacemapping. A vectorial approach.
Authors: J L Lin, D J Wilber, D Du, J Pearlman, J N Ruskin, H Garan
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The precision and limitations of ventricular pacemapping as a method to localize the site of earliest breakthrough of ventricular tachycardia (VT) were investigated in a canine model of experimental myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-one episodes of VT induced in 10 animals were mapped using a standard grid of 64 endocardial and epicardial bipolar electrodes to determine the site of earliest endocardial or epicardial breakthrough of activation during VT. Each of these 64 recording sites was also used for ventricular pacing during sinus rhythm at cycle lengths comparable to those of the VTs. Orthogonal X, Y, and Z Frank electrocardiographic (ECG) leads were recorded during all episodes of VT and ventricular pacing from all sites after the chest was closed in all animals. Surface ECG waveforms corresponding to each VT and each ventricular pacing were compared pairwise by measuring the Euclidean metric difference between the VT and ventricular pacing vectors with the orthogonal ECG leads as their X, Y, and Z components. The pacing site that generated the vector most similar to VT vector (smallest vectorial difference) was defined as the predicted breakthrough site. This predicted site of breakthrough was identical to the actual site of breakthrough determined by activation sequence mapping during VT for only nine VTs (22%). However, for an additional 27 VTs (66%), the observed and predicted breakthrough locations were at adjacent (1 cm or less apart) recording sites. For five VTs (12%), the two sites were remote, the distance between them exceeding 1 cm. CONCLUSIONS In this model, locating the breakthrough site by pacemapping is exact in only a small minority of VTs. However, when orthogonal surface ECG leads are used for comparison, pacemapping can predict the site of earliest breakthrough during VT with a 1-cm resolution in the majority of VTs.
A Moldable Putty Containing Silk Fibroin Yolk Shell Particles for Improved Hemostasis and Bone Repair
Authors: Kushagra Saran, Pujiang Shi, Shashi Ranjan, James C. H. Goh, Yong Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

During minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries, surgical intervention is required at two stages; to attain hemostasis and subsequently to implant the bone graft or its substitute. There is an apparent need for a material which can simultaneously control bone bleeding and provide support for bone repair. In this work, a moldable putty, which can be applied to bone defects (usually irregular in shape), was developed to address this need. It comprises of a hemostatic factor thrombin, osteoinductive “yolk‐shell” particles containing bone growth factor (BMP‐2), and an osteoconductive component hydroxyapatite. The yolk shell particles allowed controlled release of BMP‐2 and showed significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 (mouse myoblast) cells as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and relative gene expressions of osteogenic differentiation markers. These particles were assembled into a moldable putty by mixing them with hydroxyapatite and silk fibroin solution (binding agent) supplemented with thrombin. The putty showed non‐cytotoxicity, hemostatic ability, sustained release of BMP‐2 and induced increased mineralization in C2C12 cells. This putty, if applied to bone defects during surgeries, may help attain hemostasis and may enhance bone repair by providing sustained release of bone growth factors.
It's OK to Get Sick in July
Authors: Robert P. Perry
Journal: JAMA (1990)

"I want a real doctor, not an intern, taking care of me!" said my elderly friend as we discussed the relative merits of having her hip surgery performed at the university hospital rather than at the community hospital—this, despite the fact that she knew that I was the director of the internal medicine residency program at the same teaching hospital. This distrust of medical academia reaches its annual peak in July, when anyone living in the shadow of a teaching hospital knows that he or she will be "done in," physically or financially, by new house staff freshly arrived from medical school graduation if he or she should have the misfortune of getting sick in the summertime. While we like to think of the fear of this "July phenomenon" as a vestige of a previous era in medical education, the possibility that physician inexperience may impose additional burdens on patients
Urinary Biomarkers for the Detection and Management of Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brian I. Rini, Steven C. Campbell
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Jeremiah J. Morrissey, PhD; Vincent M. Mellnick, MD; Jingqin Luo, PhD; Marilyn J. Siegel, MD; R. Sherburne Figenshau, MD; Sam Bhayani, MD; Evan D. Kharasch, MD, PhD
The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance
Authors: Stuart M. Polly
Journal: JAMA (1996)

"Zaire Widens Sealed-Off Region to Contain Ebola" read a recent headline in the local newspaper. A small article on a back page about a small epidemic in a central African country half a world away! A small outbreak caused by one of the most deadly viruses known— Ebola: no cure, killing up to 90% of those infected, unknown until 1976. Reports suggest that the epidemic is subsiding, leaving 160 or so victims in its wake, half the number of the 1976 outbreak. The epidemic appears to have been contained once again—more by the characteristics of the disease than by the intervention of modern epidemiologists—although they certainly helped. How fortunate that the disease did not spread to Kinshasa, the Zairian capital of five million inhabitants—that would have been a catastrophe. Such a possibility, and probable eventuality, is the subject of Laurie Garrett's timely book,<i>The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in</i>
Multi-infarct Dementia
Authors: Bruce E. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Improved Cognition After Control of Risk Factors for Multi-infarct Dementia"<sup>1</sup>fails to provide data to support a major conclusion of the study. One hypothesis the authors propose to test is that control of hypertension improves cognition in patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID). The data provided to support this hypothesis involve the division of hypertensive subjects with MID into two groups on the basis of an outcome variable—whether or not improvement in mental function occurred. The single measure shown to be different between groups was the mean systolic blood pressure after treatment, another outcome variable. This central result is only indicative of a correlational relationship at one point in time, with no hope of inferring causation since no antecedent treatment differences between the improved and the unimproved groups were reported. No information on pretreatment blood pressure was provided to allow the effect of treatment
Flow-Mediated Dilation in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children
Authors: C.P.M. Leeson, P.H. Whincup, D.G. Cook, A.E. Donald, O. Papacosta, A. Lucas, J.E. Deanfield
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Early life factors, particularly size at birth, may influence later risk of cardiovascular disease, but a mechanism for this influence has not been established. We have examined the relation between birth weight and endothelial function (a key event in atherosclerosis) in a population-based study of children, taking into account classic cardiovascular risk factors in childhood. Methods and Results We studied 333 British children aged 9 to 11 years in whom information on birth weight, maternal factors, and risk factors (including blood pressure, lipid fractions, preload and postload glucose levels, smoking exposure, and socioeconomic status) was available. A noninvasive ultrasound technique was used to assess the ability of the brachial artery to dilate in response to increased blood flow (induced by forearm cuff occlusion and release), an endothelium-dependent response. Birth weight showed a significant, graded, positive association with flow-mediated dilation (0.027 mm/kg; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.051 mm/kg; P =.02). Childhood cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, total and LDL cholesterol, and salivary cotinine level) showed no relation with flow-mediated dilation, but HDL cholesterol level was inversely related (−0.067 mm/mmol; 95% CI, −0.021 to −0.113 mm/mmol; P =.005). The relation between birth weight and flow-mediated dilation was not affected by adjustment for childhood body build, parity, cardiovascular risk factors, social class, or ethnicity. Conclusions Low birth weight is associated with impaired endothelial function in childhood, a key early event in atherogenesis. Growth in utero may be associated with long-term changes in vascular function that are manifest by the first decade of life and that may influence the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease.
Male Contraceptives on the Horizon
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CASE IN WHICH BOTH EYES WERE LOSTFROM CHOROIDAL HEMORRHAGE SUBSEQUENT TO EXTRACTION OF SENILE CATARACT.
Authors: ALBERT RUFUS BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Mrs. Y., aged 63 years, with good general health, presented mature senile cataract of both eyes, but good perception and projection in all parts of the fields. The pupils were reacting actively to light and accommodation, tension normal, and she was in every way an apparently favorable case for extraction. She entered the Cleveland General Hospital, Dec. 5, 1894, and on the following day the right lens was extracted without iridectomy. It was in every sense a smooth operation, excepting that one or two drops of rather fluid vitreous followed the lens. There was a round pupil, centrally located, no hemorrhage into the anterior chamber, and everything was in such good condition that, notwithstanding a slight loss of vitreous, I gave a favorable prognosis. The dressings were removed on the third, fourth and fifth days, and everything found progressing favorably; corneal wound united, anterior chamber re-established, no ciliary congestion; fingers
Why This Hospital Nursing Shortage Is Different
Authors: Howard S. Berliner
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Consolidation and maintenance therapy with lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (RVD) in high-risk myeloma patients
Authors: A K Nooka, J L Kaufman, S Muppidi, A Langston, L T Heffner, C Gleason, D Casbourne, D Saxe, L H Boise, S Lonial
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Identify Microcalcifications and Underlying Breast Lesions at Stereotactic Core Needle Biopsy
Authors: Ishan Barman, Narahara Chari Dingari, Anushree Saha, Sasha McGee, Luis H. Galindo, Wendy Liu, Donna Plecha, Nina Klein, Ramachandra Rao Dasari, Maryann Fitzmaurice
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Microcalcifications are a feature of diagnostic significance on a mammogram and a target for stereotactic breast needle biopsy. Here, we report development of a Raman spectroscopy technique to simultaneously identify microcalcification status and diagnose the underlying breast lesion, in real-time, during stereotactic core needle biopsy procedures. Raman spectra were obtained ex vivo from 146 tissue sites from fresh stereotactic breast needle biopsy tissue cores from 33 patients, including 50 normal tissue sites, 77 lesions with microcalcifications, and 19 lesions without microcalcifications, using a compact clinical system. The Raman spectra were modeled on the basis of the breast tissue components, and a support vector machine framework was used to develop a single-step diagnostic algorithm to distinguish normal tissue, fibrocystic change (FCC), fibroadenoma, and breast cancer, in the absence and presence of microcalcifications. This algorithm was subjected to leave-one-site-out cross-validation, yielding a positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of 100%, 95.6%, 62.5%, and 100% for diagnosis of breast cancer (with or without microcalcifications) and an overall accuracy of 82.2% for classification into specific categories of normal tissue, FCC, fibroadenoma, or breast cancer (with and without microcalcifications). Notably, the majority of breast cancers diagnosed are ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the most common lesion associated with microcalcifications, which could not be diagnosed using previous Raman algorithm(s). Our study shows the potential of Raman spectroscopy to concomitantly detect microcalcifications and diagnose associated lesions, including DCIS, and thus provide real-time feedback to radiologists during such biopsy procedures, reducing nondiagnostic and false-negative biopsies. Cancer Res; 73(11); 3206–15. ©2013 AACR.
Aerobic and anaerobic performance improvement through yogic practice
Authors: M Saha, O S Tomer, K Halder, A Pathak
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Literature supports the impact of yogic practice on physical performance especially, the aerobic aspects. The study therefore attempted to compare the effect of 3 months yogic practice on aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Healthy young male volunteers of age 21–33 years, height 174.8±3.52 cm and weight 69.6±7.17 kg (mean±SD) were participated in this study (64 volunteers for anaerobic (n 1 =64) and 21 volunteers for aerobic (n 2 =21)). The yoga training imparted by certified yoga teacher included the practice of yogasanas, pranayamas, meditation, mudra and bandh for 2 h in the morning and 1½ h in the evening during the weekdays. Wingate Anaerobic Test protocol was applied for the prediction of peak and average anaerobic power. The device consisted of a mechanically braked bicycle ergometer and a software controlling the test. Aerobic performance was assessed by submaximal exercise for 5 min on a bicycle ergometer with a fixed load of 150 w and cycle speed 50 rpm. Heart rate was recorded at rest, 5 min of exercise. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of weight to height squared. After 3 months body weight and BMI decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05). After training, heart rate decreased non-significant by 5.10%, at 5 min of exercise as compared to that before training. Peak and average anaerobic power (Wingate Test) improved significantly (p &lt; 0.05). The study revealed that 3 months continuous yogic exercise resulted improvement in anaerobic capacity of individuals, as compared to aerobic capacity.
Inhibition of LTi Cell Development by CD25 Blockade Is Associated with Decreased Intrathecal Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Justin S. A. Perry, Sungpil Han, Quangang Xu, Matthew L. Herman, Lucy B. Kennedy, Gyorgy Csako, Bibiana Bielekova
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Daclizumab inhibition of inflammation in human autoimmunity is associated with blockade of lymphoid tissue inducer cell development.
8‐Year follow‐up of diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with heart failure after previous revascularization
Authors: P. Mitrovic, Z. Vasiljevic, B. Stefanovic, J. Perunicic, I. Mrdovic, M. Asanin, G. Matic, D. Rajic, T. Jozic, B. Milentijevic
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
USE OF NEOMYCIN IN DERMATOLOGY
Authors: Roy L. Kile
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Neomycin, an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fradiae, was discovered by Waksman and his co-workers in 1949.<sup>1</sup>It differs chemically and biologically from streptomycin and streptothricin.<sup>2</sup> Studies on the spectra of bacteria affected by neomycin reveal the drug to be bactericidal in vitro<sup>3</sup>against a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms,<sup>4</sup>including some that are streptomycin-resistant. Resistance to neomycin develops in the same pattern as resistance to penicillin.<sup>5</sup>Thus resistant strains are less apt to develop to neomycin than to streptomycin. There are indications, however, that resistance to neomycin may develop in Bacillus proteus, in B. pyocyaneus, and in some hemolytic streptococci. Early in vivo studies showed neomycin to be relatively nontoxic.<sup>6</sup>It may, however, cause kidney and eighth cranial nerve damage,<sup>7</sup>particularly when kidney function is impaired. It is the purpose of this study to evaluate neomycin in dermatological therapy, observing its
Leptin action in the forebrain regulates the hindbrain response to satiety signals
Authors: Gregory J. Morton, James E. Blevins, Diana L. Williams, Kevin D. Niswender, Richard W. Gelling, Christopher J. Rhodes, Denis G. Baskin, Michael W. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The capacity to adjust energy intake in response to changing energy requirements is a defining feature of energy homeostasis. Despite the identification of leptin as a key mediator of this process, the mechanism whereby changes of body adiposity are coupled to adaptive, short-term adjustments of energy intake remains poorly understood. To investigate the physiological role of leptin in the control of meal size and the response to satiety signals, and to identify brain areas mediating this effect, we studied Koletsky (fak/fak) rats, which develop severe obesity due to the genetic absence of leptin receptors. Our finding of markedly increased meal size and reduced satiety in response to the gut peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) in these leptin receptor–deficient animals suggests a critical role for leptin signaling in the response to endogenous signals that promote meal termination. To determine if the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) (a key forebrain site of leptin action) mediates this leptin effect, we used adenoviral gene therapy to express either functional leptin receptors or a reporter gene in the area of the ARC of fak/fak rats. Restoration of leptin signaling to this brain area normalized the effect of CCK on the activation of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema, key hindbrain areas for processing satiety-related inputs. This intervention also reduced meal size and enhanced CCK-induced satiety in fak/fak rats. These findings demonstrate that forebrain signaling by leptin, a long-term regulator of body adiposity, limits food intake on a meal-to-meal basis by regulating the hindbrain response to short-acting satiety signals.