tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB1212 Skin-manifested adverse events in children treated with biologics: Single centre experience
Authors: P. Mrážik, K. Martinásková, V. Vargová
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Site reactions are the most common but the least serious events of biological treatment. However, the first signs of the serious adverse events may be skin manifestations. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the prospective study was to evaluate the skin manifestations in children treated with anti-TNF drugs in the center for biological treatment of rheumatic and skin diseases in Eastern Slovakia. <h3>Methods</h3> A group of thirty one pediatric patients receiving anti-TNF treatment (etanercept or adalimumab) for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or psoriasis was evaluated in the period from May 2006 to December 2011. Patients were recruited primarily from the rheumatology department (15 girls and 11 boys). Parameters of efficacy and safety were evaluated every 3 months after therapy initiation. The mean age at initiation was 14.1 years (SD ± 3.9). Average duration of treatment was 3.04 years (range 0.32 – 5.67), 94.24 patient-years in total. <h3>Results</h3> In the subgroup of JIA patients, four patients developed five different skin manifestations more than 1 year after the initiation. All patients were confirmed for polyarticular seronegative form and ACR-Ped70 responders to etanercept.All underwent a dermatological examination. Three cases were assessed as adverse events. The first patient developed a HPV infection, the second one Varicella and the third one developed both Varicella and mycotic lesions on the face and neck. After temporary discontinuation of anti-TNF drug, skin lesions healed with systemic and topical treatment. All patients continued with anti-TNF treatment thereafter. One case was assessed as a serious adverse event. 13 year-old girl developed Henoch-Schönlein purpura 14 months after initiation of anti-TNF treatment. Although a causative relationship could not be confirmed, anti-TNF treatment was stoped. In the subgroup of psoriasis patients skin-manifested adverse event was observed as well. 15 year-old boy developed histologically verified scleroderma-like lesions 13 months after initiation of etanercept with excellent therapeutic response to the underlying disease. It was assessed as serious adverse event and therefore, anti-TNF treatment was stoped. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Immunologically mediated cutaneous manifestations could be considered as potential serious adverse events of the anti-TNF treatment although a clear causative relationship can not be confirmed. Careful monitoring of the patients and close cooperation of pediatric rheumatologist and dermatologist is a prerequisite for an early recognition of any infectious or non-infectious skin-manifested complications of anti-TNF drugs and for its treatment. More data possibly from national and international pharmacovigilance registries are necessary to evaluate the actual risk of complications in patients on anti-TNF treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
The Appropriate Goals of Antihypertensive Therapy: Neither Too Much Nor Too Little
Authors: Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Although the treatment of hypertension has increased markedly during the last decade, many patients have been left undertreated, including many of the disadvantaged, the elderly, and those at relatively high overall risk for cardiovascular disease. A rapidly growing number of patients, however, are being exposed to overtreatment with resultant interference with their quality of life and potential hazards to their health. These include patients who are diagnosed and treated without adequate documentation of the presence of persistent hypertension, patients who are not appropriately managed with nondrug therapies, and patients who are given inappropriate and overly aggressive drug therapies. Better recognition of the frequency and potential hazards of overtreatment is needed so that more appropriate goals of antihypertensive therapy can be established and maintained.
WHO calls for action to restrict marketing of unhealthy foods and drinks to children
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The World Health Organization has urged countries worldwide to act to restrict the marketing to children of foods and non-alcoholic beverages that are high in saturated fats, trans fats, added sugars, or salt.

WHO called for these measures at its presentation on 21 January of a set of recommendations to tackle the growing global epidemic of overweight and obesity among children.

Tim Armstrong, WHO’s coordinator for surveillance and population based prevention, said, “Currently there are 42 million children under the age of 5 who are overweight or obese; 35 million of these are living in middle and low income countries, and that is a huge issue for WHO.” …
P64 THE ULTRACONSERVED NON CODING RNA UC.158 IS DOWNSTREAM OF THE WNT/b-CATENIN PATHWAY IN LIVER CANCERS
Authors: V. Paulus-Hock, A. Lampis, G. Ferrari, L. Boulton, R. Guest, D. Athineos, T. Jamieson, A. Veronese, R. Visone, R. Evans, G.J. Feng, T. Dale, M. Negrini, S. Forbes, T. Patel, O. Sansom, N. Valeri, C. Braconi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A vomiting baby
Authors: F. McQuaid, A.-M. Long, S. A. Warne
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A 13 week old male infant presented to his general practitioner with a 12 hour history of non-bilious vomiting and lethargy. He was previously well, with an uneventful perinatal period, and he had received his three month routine immunisations the previous day (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b, meningitis C, and rotavirus). He was bottle fed and growing well.

The vomiting started suddenly, and as the day progressed he became more lethargic. He was not crying or irritable, had no fever, and had opened his bowels normally in the past 24 hours with no blood or mucous. A urine sample was extremely cloudy but dipstick testing was negative. He was referred to the paediatric emergency department.

In the emergency department his observations were within the normal range for his age, but he appeared pale, with a prolonged capillary refill time of 3 seconds. Abdominal examination showed some possible upper abdominal tenderness but no obvious masses or distension, and normal bowel sounds were heard. Clinically he was well hydrated but was very quiet, and while in the department he had a single episode of bright green (bilious) vomiting. A plain abdominal radiograph showed dilated loops of small bowel but nothing specific (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Plain abdominal radiograph showing dilated loops of small bowel





### 1. What is the differential diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Although sepsis should always be considered in an unwell infant, bilious vomiting is a sign of intestinal obstruction until proved otherwise. The most common cause of obstruction in infants and children aged 3 months to 6 years is intussusception,1 but other causes include obstruction secondary to an inguinal hernia and volvulus due to malrotation.2 …
The absent pulmonary valve syndrome. Considerations of management.
Authors: W W Pinsky, M R Nihill, C E Mullins, G Harrison, D G McNamara
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The absent pulmonary valve syndrome consists of a severely hypoplastic pulmonary valve with anular stenosis, aneurysmal dilatation of the main pulmonary artery with one or both pulmonary branches also dilated, and a ventricular septal defect. From 1955 to 1975, 15 patients were seen at Texas Children's Hospital with this syndrome. Although anatomically similar to tetralogy of Fallot, the most significant symptoms during early infancy were secondary to bronchial compression resulting from the dilated pulmonary arteries and enlarged left atrium. Intracardiac repair performed on two infants at four months of age failed to ameliorate the respiratory symptoms and both died. Seven patients from 2.3 to 16 years of age were operated upon, with one late postoperative death. Five other patients have not yet received surgical intervention. We recommend vigorous continual respiratory therapy for for infants and small children and intracardiac repair in older children since repair in infancy does not relieve respiratory symptoms. We do not recommend a prosthetic pulmonary valve unless there is persistently elevated main pulmonary artery pressure.
DIAGNOSTIC UNCERTAINTY OF 12-LEAD ECG FOR DIAGNOSING POSTERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: SungSoo Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Keun Ahn, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Hyun Kim, Shung Chull Chae, Young Jo Kim, Seung Ho Hur, In Whan Seong, Taek Jong Hong, Dong Hoon Choi, Myeong Chan Cho, Chong Jin Kim, Ki Bae Seung, Wook Sung Chung, Yang Soo Jang, Seung Woon Rha, Jang Ho Bae
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cryptogenic cirrhosis: Clinical characterization and risk factors for underlying disease
Authors: Stephen H. Caldwell, David H. Oelsner, Julia C. Iezzoni, Elizabeth E. Hespenheide, Emily H. Battle, Carolyn J. Driscoll
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

We characterized 70 consecutive patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis to assess major risks for liver disease. Each patient was reevaluated for past alcohol exposure, scored by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis (IAH) score and assessed for viral hepatitis risks and risks for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The results were compared with 50 consecutive NASH patients, 39 nonalcoholic patients age 50 and over with cirrhosis from hepatitis C, and 33 consecutive patients with cirrhosis caused by primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Among the cryptogenic group, 49 (70%) were female, and the mean age was 63 +/- 11 years. Although ascites and variceal bleeding were common, almost one half lacked major signs of complicated portal hypertension. A history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity was present in 51 (73%). Nineteen (27%) patients had a history of blood transfusions antedating the diagnosis of cirrhosis. No clinical or histological features distinguished this group from the other patients, and 14 (74%) of these had a history of obesity and/or diabetes. Nineteen of the remaining nontransfused patients had indeterminant IAH scores but were histologically and biochemically indistinguishable from the others. Twelve of these (63%) also had a history of obesity and/or diabetes. Both diabetes and obesity were significantly more common in the cryptogenic cirrhotic patients compared with the cirrhotic patients with PBC or hepatitis C. In contrast, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes was similar to the NASH patients who were, on average, a decade younger. Although there is some diversity that indicates more than one cause, our findings suggest that NASH plays an under-recognized role in many patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, most of whom are older, type 2 diabetic and obese females.
Haemoglobin Belfast 15 (A12) Tryptophan-&gt;Arginine: A New Unstable Haemoglobin Variant
Authors: C. C. Kennedy, G. Blundell, P. A. Lorkin, A. Lang, H. Lehmann
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A new unstable haemoglobin, alpha(2)beta(2)15 Trp--> Arg (Hb Belfast), with increased oxygen affinity has been found during the routine investigation of a long-stay psychiatric patient. It seemed to cause little haematological disorder. The reticulocytes synthesized normal and abnormal beta-chains at the same rate but in the circulating blood Hb Belfast amounted to only 27.5% of the total haemoglobin.
List sizes and use of time in general practice.
Authors: J R Butler, M W Calnan
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The claim that list sizes in general practice should continue to fall towards a national average of 1700 patients rests heavily on the assumption that the extra time available to doctors would be used mainly for longer consultations, resulting in better standards of care. Evidence suggests, however, that the time is more likely to be used to increase rates of consultation in surgeries and home visits and to reduce the length of the working week. A national, random sample of 2104 principals in general practice in England and Wales were questioned about their allocation and use of time. The response rate was 67%, and no large biases in response were detected. The smaller their personal list size the less time general practitioners spent on all aspects of their work and the higher their rates of consultation and home visiting. The effects of further reductions in list sizes would be haphazard, being differentially distributed across the range of list sizes. Longer consultations would probably result, but most of the extra time would probably be used in higher rates of consultation in surgeries and home visits and some would be taken as free time.
Ectopic Supernumerary Kidney Functional Assessment Using Radionuclide Imaging
Authors: GARY R. CONRAD, DANIEL J. LOES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A three-year old male presented with severe hydronephrosis secondary to posterior urethral valves; a pelvic supernumerary kidney was discovered postoperatively. Radionuclide imaging assisted in the management of this patient by providing estimates of relative renal function. A report of the case and a complete summary of the literature concerning this unusual duplication anomaly follows.
Tumor-Infiltrated Immune Response Correlates with Alterations in the Apoptotic and Cell Cycle Pathways in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells
Authors: Tomás Álvaro, Marylène Lejeune, Juan F. García, Ma. Teresa Salvadó, Carlos López, Ramón Bosch, Joaquín Jaén, Patricia Escrivá, Lluis E. Pons
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: To analyze tumor-microenvironment relationships in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) as potential determinants in the decision-making process related to the alterations in cell cycle and apoptotic pathways of Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells. Experimental Design: Based on a cohort of 257 classic HL patients, we carried out a global descriptive correlational analysis and logistic regression study to identify tumor-infiltrated immune cell rate in HL that could be interconnected with genes involved in the regulation of apoptotic/proliferative pathways in H/RS cells. Results: Our results reveal the existence of a connection between the reactive microenvironment and molecular changes in apoptotic/proliferative pathways in H/RS cells. A lesser incidence of infiltrated cytotoxic cells in the tumor (CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD57+ natural killer, and granzyme B+ cells) was associated with overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-XL, survivin, caspase-3, and nuclear factor-κB) in tumoral cells. Increased incidence of general infiltrated immune cells, such as CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD57+ natural killer cells, activated CTL, and dendritic cells, in the microenvironment of the tumor was associated with increased growth fraction of tumoral cells, including G1-S checkpoint (cyclin D and cyclin E) and tumor suppressor pathways (p16 and SKP2), and with the presence of EBV (signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 and 3 expression; STAT1/STAT3). Conclusions: A lower level of cytotoxic cells correlated with an increase of antiapoptotic mechanisms in H/RS cells, whereas the global infiltrated immune population correlated with the growth fraction of the tumor. Our collective data suggest a causal relationship between infiltrated immune response and concurrent changes of the different proliferative checkpoints, tumor suppressor, and apoptotic pathways of H/RS cells in HL.
Abstract 821: Developing a molecular understanding of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resistance to platin-taxane chemotherapy
Authors: Maithili P. Dalvi, Carmen Behrens, Milind Suraokar, Luc Girard, Yang Xie, Ignacio Wistuba, John D. Minna
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: While chemotherapy has improved lung cancer patient survival, relapse rates after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (minimal residual disease settings) are high. This could be due to cancer cells acquiring resistance to therapy or selective survival of pre-existing resistant cells. The molecular basis for primary or acquired resistance to standard platinum doublet chemotherapies are unknown and their elucidation is necessary for developing curative therapy that can be personalized for each patient. Methods: 3 complementary approaches were used to explore mechanisms underlying NSCLC resistance to platin-taxane chemotherapy: A) NSCLC lines were exposed in vitro to cycles of paclitaxel + carboplatin to mimic clinical treatment and resistance validated with cell viability and colony formation assays. Genome wide mRNA expression profiles of resistant and parental lines were compared using Illumina arrays and qRT-PCR. B) A large dataset of clinically and molecularly annotated NSCLC tumor specimens obtained after no chemotherapy or neoadjuvant platin-taxane chemotherapy were subjected to mRNA microarray analysis. C) Lung cancer xenografts were treated with chemotherapy in vivo in mice and profiled for mRNA expression. Biostatistical and bioinformatics approaches were used to identify genes that are differentially expressed in resistant cells in these three settings, and their function studied using over-expression or shRNA mediated knockdown. Results: NSCLC lines H1299 and H1355 were treated in vitro with paclitaxel + carboplatin and showed progressive increases in resistance to chemotherapy (after 5 to 15 cycles) ultimately achieving 30 (H1299) or 60 fold (H1355) differences compared to parental cells. In addition, multiple single cell clones also demonstrated chemotherapy resistance. Resistant NSCLC strains were also resistant to platin+docetaxel and platin+pemetrexed combinations. Expression profiles revealed upregulation of ABCB1/MDR1, down regulation of epithelial-specific genes suggesting EMT, differences in expression of epigenetic modulators as well as cancer testis family of GAGE genes and many of these genes had expression correlated with recurrence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and with poor survival. Resistance was only partially reversed by verapamil indicating that it can be only partly explained by MDR mechanisms. Mechanistic studies of genes identified by these three approaches provide opportunities for overcoming chemotherapy resistance and developing novel therapies for NSCLC. Grant support: UT-Lung SPORE (5 P50 CA70907-11) and DoD PROSPECT (W81XWH-07-1-0306) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 821. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-821
Inhibition of retinoic acid receptor signaling by Ski in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: M Ritter, D Kattmann, S Teichler, O Hartmann, M K R Samuelsson, A Burchert, J-P Bach, T D Kim, B Berwanger, C Thiede, R Jäger, G Ehninger, H Schäfer, N Ueki, M J Hayman, M Eilers, A Neubauer
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Should patients with dementia who wander be electronically tagged? Yes
Authors: R. McShane
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Technology that allows real time tracking is being pushed by authorities to cut the costs of finding patients who have got lost. <b>Rupert McShane</b> says GPS tracking reduces risk of harm for some patients who wander and that ethical risks are slight, but <b>Desmond O’Neill</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.f3606) thinks that care must be patient centred rather than looking for quick fixes to suit carers
Pretreatment Nomogram That Predicts 5-Year Probability of Metastasis Following Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Michael W. Kattan, Michael J. Zelefsky, Patrick A. Kupelian, Daniel Cho, Peter T. Scardino, Zvi Fuks, Steven A. Leibel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: There are several nomograms for the patient considering radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Because of the questionable clinical implications of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, its use as an end point has been criticized in several of these nomograms. The goal of this study was to create and to externally validate a nomogram for predicting the probability that a patient will develop metastasis within 5 years after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (CRT). Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, nonrandomized analysis of 1,677 patients treated with three-dimensional CRT at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) from 1988 to 2000. Clinical parameters examined were pretreatment PSA level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason sum. Patients were followed until their deaths, and the time at which they developed metastasis was noted. A nomogram for predicting the 5-year probability of developing metastasis was constructed from the MSKCC cohort and validated using the Cleveland Clinic series of 1,626 patients. Results: After three-dimensional CRT, 159 patients developed metastasis. At 5 years, 11% of patients experienced metastasis by cumulative incidence analysis (95% CI, 9% to 13%). A nomogram constructed from the data gathered from these men showed an excellent ability to discriminate among patients in an external validation data set, as shown by a concordance index of 0.81. Conclusion: A nomogram with reasonable accuracy and discrimination has been constructed and validated using an external data set to predict the probability that a patient will experience metastasis within 5 years after three-dimensional CRT.
Mechanical and histomorphometric evaluations of titanium implants with different surface treatments inserted in sheep cortical bone
Authors: Gianluca Giavaresi, Milena Fini, Alberto Cigada, Roberto Chiesa, Gianni Rondelli, Lia Rimondini, Paola Torricelli, Nicolò Nicoli Aldini, Roberto Giardino
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Influence of static and oscillatory pressure/strain on 131I-albumin uptake by the wall of the isolated pig thoracic aorta
Authors: J. R BATTEN, D. L NEWMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The uptake of 131I-albumin by the wall of the isolated pig thoracic aorta was investigated in vitro to achieve good control of the experimental conditions. The lumena of the arteries were perfused with a balanced salt solution (Hanks') containing the radioactively labelled albumin. Albumin flux was studied at three static intralumenal pressures, viz 6.7, 13.3 and 20 kPa (50, 100 and 150 mmHg) and uptake (normalised per unit dry tissue weight) was found to be approximately doubled on increasing the pressure from 6.7 to 20 kPa (50 to 150 mmHg). With a mean pressure of 6.7 kPa (50 mmHg) the uptake was studied in the presence of sinusoidal pressure oscillations of amplitude in the range 1.3 to 6.0 kPa (10 to 45 mmHg) at frequencies 1, 5 and 11 Hz. At each frequency the uptake was found to be dependent on the pressure amplitude. The dependence at 5 Hz was significantly stronger than at 1 Hz (P <0.05) and although not significant there was a suggestion that the uptake was higher at 5 than 11 Hz. There was no significance and no suggestion of a difference at 1 and 11 Hz. The possible influence on uptake of the associated oscillatory wall shear component has been considered. The relevance of these findings to macromolecular transport and to the characteristic localisation of atheroma within the arterial tree is discussed.
731 NATURAL KILLER (NK) AND NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS (NKT) IN THALASSEMIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: M.H. El-Sayed, B.A. Al-Ofairi, I.H. Shehata, A.B. Barakat, H. Al-Ghanem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)