tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Severity of Aortic Regurgitation Using the Width of the Vena Contracta
Authors: Christophe M. Tribouilloy, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, Kent R. Bailey, James B. Seward, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The width of the vena contracta (VC-W), the smallest area of regurgitant flow, reflects the degree of valvular regurgitation and is measurable by color Doppler imaging, but this method has not been validated in aortic regurgitation (AR). Methods and Results —We prospectively examined 79 patients with isolated AR and 80 patients without regurgitation. The VC-W was measured from the long-axis parasternal view and compared with 2 simultaneous reference methods (quantitative Doppler and 2D echocardiography). In patients without regurgitation, the agreement between methods was excellent. In patients with AR, good correlations (all P &lt;0.0001) were obtained between VC-W and effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) area and regurgitant volume recorded by quantitative Doppler ( r =0.89 and 0.90, respectively) and 2D echocardiographic ( r =0.90 and 0.89, respectively) methods. These correlations were similar with eccentric or central jets (all P &gt;0.60). The other methods used showed good correlations of VC-W with aortographic grading of AR (n=8, r =0.82, P =0.01), with the proximal flow convergence method (n=53, r =0.85, P &lt;0.0001), and with left ventricular end-diastolic volume ( r =0.81, P &lt;0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity of VC-W ≥6 mm for diagnosing severe AR (ERO ≥30 mm 2 ) were 95% and 90%, respectively. Conclusions —For assessment of the degree of AR, VC-W shows good correlations with simultaneous quantitative measures (regardless of jet direction), shows good correlations with other methods of assessment of AR, and provides a high diagnostic value for severe AR. VC-W is a simple, reliable method that can be used clinically as part of comprehensive Doppler echocardiographic assessment of AR.
Anterior spinal cord infarction with permanent paralysis following endoscopic ultrasound celiac plexus neurolysis
Authors: L. Fujii, J. Clain, J. Morris, M. Levy
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Celiac neurolysis is an effective adjunct for managing refractory pancreatic cancer pain. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) offers several potential technical advantages over the traditional percutaneous technique [1]. We report the first case of paraplegia following EUS celiac neurolysis.
LOW RIGHT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION: A POTENTIAL EXPLANATION FOR RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN MORTALITY IN ADVANCED SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE IN THE BETA-BLOCKER EVALUATION OF SURVIVAL TRIAL
Authors: Michel White, Kanan Patel, Guillem Caldentey, Prakash Deedwania, Inmaculada Aban, Alexander Lo, Stefan D. Anker, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Early onset <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> pneumonia after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Takeshi Saito, Sachiko Seo, Yoshinobu Kanda, Nahoko Shoji, Toshie Ogasawara, Jun Murakami, Ryuji Tanosaki, Kensei Tobinai, Yoichi Takaue, Shin Mineishi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Pneumocystis carinii ( P. carinii ) is one of the major opportunistic pathogens responsible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)‐related pneumonias. Although trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazol (TMP/SMX) prophylaxis has been shown to prevent almost all P. carinii infections, 1%–2% of patients may still experience this complication. P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) is usually a late complication in patients receiving TMP/SMX prophylaxis, with most cases occurring later than 2 months post‐transplant. We report a patient who developed early onset PCP after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from an HLA‐identical sibling donor. On day 12, the patient complained of dyspnea and cough. A chest X ray showed infiltrates in right upper lobe with bilateral pleural effusion. By the findings of Grocott stain on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained on day 14, he was diagnosed as having PCP. Intravenous TMP/SMX failed to improve the lesion. This is the earliest onset PCP in the literature after HSCT despite the prophylactic administration of TMP/SMX before transplant. Am. J. Hematol. 67:206–209, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accumulation of Tc-99m HDP in Adductor Magnus Caused by Squatting Exercises
Authors: Nichole K. Graves, Jennifer Mitchell, Jennifer Harris, James Tsikouris, Gary E. Meyerrose
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Tc-99m HDP bone scintigraphy is used primarily for skeletal imaging to detect abnormalities of bone. However, soft tissue abnormalities can be detected through accumulation of Tc-99m HDP at these sites. A 45-year-old man with a history of performing squatting exercises 1 week prior had increased HDP uptake in the adductor magnus muscles of the gluteal region in association with the use of this muscle in squatting exercises.
Diaschisis in Cerebral Mitochondrial Disorder
Authors: Vinod V. Narla, Ashok Muthukrishnan, James M. Mountz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

This report highlights the presence of extensive cerebral dysfunction in a patient with cerebral mitochondrial disorder.The patient is a 10-year-old girl with a history of hemiparesis, encephalopathy, developmental delay, and seizures. She underwent 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and high-resolution regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) obtained through Tc-99m ethylcysteinate dimer brain SPECT. After 1 year, a follow-up rCBF SPECT scan was obtained.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a relative decrease in N-acetylaspartate in the cerebellar hemispheres and relatively increased choline, indicating increased cerebellar lipid accumulation. MRI findings showed a lack of myelination in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, whereas rCBF showed reduction in the associated gray matter. On parametric statistical analysis of rCBF using 3D-SSP, the reduction in blood flow in both initial and follow-up scans was found to be greater than 3 standard deviations below the mean in the occipital lobes. Cerebral dysfunction could be attributed to an intrinsic abnormality of the gray matter or diaschisis from dysfunctional white matter.Quantitative assessment of imaging in patients with suspected mitochondrial disorder with only subtle changes on MRI may be better characterized using rCBF and parametric statistical mapping to localize and assess the extent of damage in the brain. Its utility is also valuable when follow-up scans are performed to determine the progression of cerebral change.
AN EPIDEMIC OF PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS CHARACTERIZED BY DUAL INFECTIONS WITH POLIOMYELITIS AND COXSACKIE VIRUSES
Authors: Joseph L. Melnick, Albert S. Kaplan, Eva Zabin, Guillermo Contreras, Newton W. Larkum
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

The first known epidemic of poliomyelitis in Easton, Pennsylvania, occurred in 1949, and was unusual in the high proportion of paralytic to non-paralytic cases. Both poliomyelitis and Cosxackie, or C, viruses were isolated from more than half the patients studied during the acute stage of the disease. One month later C virus was only occasionally recovered. Classification of the 28 strains of C virus which were isolated revealed that 24 belonged to one antigenic type, Easton-2 (related to Albany type 1 virus). Patients from whom C virus was isolated showed a rise during convalescence to the Easton-2 or homologous type antibody. Two patients with paralytic poliomyelitis were studied for the quantitative development of antibodies to the poliomyelitis virus and to the C virus found in their stools. Using the neutralization test in monkeys and in newborn mice, respectively, a simultaneous rise in antibodies to both agents was observed. The situation at present can be summarized as follows:—Poliomyelitis virus or C virus may produce infection in man, with a specific antibody response. Both agents may be carried, particularly in the intestines, without causing any serious illness and healthy carrier states have been observed for each. Both viruses can be found in nature in flies and in sewage. However there has been no evidence to suggest that these two viruses bear a relationship to each other, even when isolated from the same patient. Thus, when both viruses are found in a patient with paralysis, it is not yet possible to say with any degree of accuracy to what extent each is responsible in the over-all pattern of the disease. How frequently dual infections of this nature may occur remains for future investigations to determine. Certainly all cases of poliomyelitis are not complicated by a superimposed infection with a C virus. However, this will have to be one more item to consider in epidemic poliomyelitis.
Long-term multimodal imaging of tumor draining sentinel lymph nodes using mesoporous silica-based nanoprobes
Authors: Xinglu Huang, Fan Zhang, Seulki Lee, Magdalena Swierczewska, Dale O. Kiesewetter, Lixin Lang, Guofeng Zhang, Lei Zhu, Haokao Gao, Hak Soo Choi, Gang Niu, Xiaoyuan Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Abrupt Withdrawal of Maintenance Methadone
Authors: Marvin H. Lipkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Sudden withdrawal from high levels of methadone hydrochloride can be anticipated when patients in methadone maintenance programs are arrested, hospitalized, or stopped in their treatment by other extraneous reasons. While there is general concern that such abrupt withdrawal can be dangerous, the four cases which are presented indicate that the principal responses are subjective, with little in the way of objective physical reactions.
Preventive Treatment for Tuberculosis in Elderly Persons
Authors: DAVID N. ROSE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1988Preventive Treatment for Tuberculosis in Elderly PersonsDAVID N. ROSE, M.D., ALAN L. SILVER, M.D., M.P.H., CLYDE B. SCHECHTER, M.D., M.A.DAVID N. ROSE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALAN L. SILVER, M.D., M.P.H.Search for more papers by this author, CLYDE B. SCHECHTER, M.D., M.A.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-6-908_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Stead and colleagues (1) have provided valuable evidence documenting the incidence of isoniazid-induced hepatitis and the effectiveness of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in elderly persons. Their findings support the use of isoniazid in high-risk tuberculin reactors, such as recent converters, even older persons.Two methodologic assumptions were used that led to an underestimation of the benefit-risk ratio of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis: The benefit-risk ratio was calculated with an unstated observation period, and also by comparing cases of tuberculosis and isoniazid-induced hepatitis. These issues are especially important in the decision regarding isoniazid use in low-risk tuberculin reactors. These persons have positive...References1. STEADTOHARRISONABRAHAM WTRJ. Benefit-risk considerations in preventive treatment for tuberculosis in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:843-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROSESCHECHTERSILVER DCA. The age threshold for isoniazid chemoprophylaxis: a decision analysis for low-risk tuberculin reactors. JAMA. 1986;256:2709-13. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ROSESCHECHTERFAHSSILVER DCMA. Tuberculosis prevention: cost-effectiveness of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis. Am J Prev Med. 1988; [In press]. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. STEADTO WT. The significance of the tuberculin skin test in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:837-42. LinkGoogle Scholar1. ROSESCHECHTERSILVER DCA. The age threshold for isoniazid chemoprophylaxis: a decision analysis for low-risk tuberculin reactors. JAMA. 1986;256:2709-13. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY 10029 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1988Volume 108, Issue 6Page: 908-909KeywordsChemopreventionElderlyHepatitisIsoniazidTuberculin Issue Published: 1 June 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Sex Education in Schools— A Polemic
Authors: Richard R. Parlour
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Few things are as damaging to a reputation as pretending to be expert in areas where one is clearly not. The medical profession adds tarnish to its public image when it invades the sphere of morality, making authoritative pronouncements about the moral aspects of such things as venereal disease, abortions, and now sex education as in the May 12, 1969, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, and the resolution of the Jefferson County Medical Society reported in<i>AMA News</i>on the same date, and others. As serious scientific men we should look at the Scandinavian evidence and see that the advantages of sex education in public schools are by no means clear-cut and the problems are complex. What is the proven way to teach sex in public schools? Who are the qualified teachers? Physicians as a whole have not distinguished themselves in their understanding of sexual matters; what difference does
DES: The Complete Story
Authors: Edward C. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Mrs Orenberg, a medical editor and writer for the University of Wisconsin Medical School, has written a treatise on the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) from the perspective of a mother whose daughter was exposed in utero to this drug. In 200 pages, she relates in lay terms essentially what is considered to be current knowledge regarding the development of DES, the first inexpensive, orally effective estrogenic substance; the clinical trials carried out by the Smiths in the 1940s regarding its usefulness in certain complications of pregnancy; its subsequent widespread use in several million pregnant women; the controlled double-blind studies that eventually demonstrated it to be no more effective than a placebo; the study in Boston by Herbst, Ulfelder, Scully, and Poskanzer that related exposure in utero to this drug to the development of a rare clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in several young women; and the subsequent establishment of a
SALPINGITIS CAUSED BY APPENDICITIS.
Authors: I. S. STONE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

A number of cases of suppurative salpingitis have been mentioned in the literature of pelvic surgery as having resulted from appendiceal infection. I intend to add a few cases to those already reported, so as to emphasize the fact that such cases exist and with greater frequency than is generally believed. In my cases I not only observed the appearance of the diseased organs before, during and after removal, but the presence of the diseased and ruptured appendix with the colon bacillus in the pus in the tubes. I observe many different symptoms, as well as marked dissimilarity between such diseased adnexa and those having the more frequent gonorrheal infection. There is also an appreciable difference between the tube with streptococcic invasion and that with gonorrhea. All of these pathologic changes, I think, are characteristic of the peculiar micro-organisms which produce the disease, and each has its own type and
Abstract 4548: Prognostic value of occult metastases detected by cytokeratin 20 and mucin 2 mRNA quantification in sentinel lymph nodes from colon cancer patients
Authors: Oddmund Nordgård, Satu Oltedal, Ole Gunnar Aasprong, Jon Arne Søreide, Kjetil Søreide, Kjersti Tjensvoll, Bjørnar Gilje, Reino Heikkilä, Marianne Guriby, Ragnhild A. Lothe, Rune Smaaland, Hartwig Kørner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Lymph node (LN) metastasis status is among the strongest prognostic factors in colon cancer. Despite this, 20-30% of LN negative patients experience disease recurrence. These patients may have occult LN metastases that are not detected by routine microscopy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of occult metastases detected by cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and mucin 2 (MUC2) mRNA quantification in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) from patients curatively resected for colon cancer. METHODS: Resection specimens from consecutive patients undergoing surgery for localized colon cancer were subjected to ex vivo SLN mapping. The isolated SLNs were examined for the presence of metastases by routine HES staining and quantitative CK20 and MUC2 mRNA measurements. Primary tumor microsatelite instability- (MSI), KRAS and BRAF mutation status were determined for the included patients. Recurrence-free and disease-specific survivals were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log rank tests. RESULTS: SLNs were identified in 206 (97%) of the 213 included patients. Routine histological analysis of SLNs and other regional lymph nodes revealed LN metastases in 63 patients (pN+), of which 42 (67%) had metastases detected in one or more SLNs (sensitivity 67%, false negative rate 33%). When analyzing the SLNs by CK20 and MUC2 mRNA quantification, occult metastases were suggested in 86 (60%) and 52 (36%) of the 143 otherwise LN negative (pN0) patients, respectively. Survival analysis with a median 3.6 year follow-up revealed a significant prognostic value of MUC2 mRNA quantification in SLNs from all the patients, but not for the pN0 patients. For CK20 mRNA levels in SLNs we observed no statistically significant survival differences. Patient stratification according to primary tumor MSI, KRAS mutation and BRAF mutation status did not reveal any significant survival differences related to the suggested occult SLN metastases, neither. CONCLUSIONS: Occult SLN metastases detected by quantitative CK20 and MUC2 mRNA measurements did not demonstrate any prognostic value in this study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4548. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4548
Computer and Internet Use of Urban African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes in Relation to Glycemic Control, Emergency Department Use, Diabetes-Related Knowledge, and Health Literacy
Authors: Lipika Samal, Hsin-Chieh Yeh, Tiffany L. Gary-Webb, Chandra L. Jackson, Frederick L. Brancati
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Web-based diabetes interventions favorably influence process and clinical outcomes, but few studies have focused on urban African Americans, in part because of the perception that they lack adequate access, experience, or interest (1). Black-white disparities in diabetes-related knowledge and health behaviors are natural targets for such interventions. We hypothesized that urban African Americans with suboptimal diabetes control, low diabetes-related knowledge, and/or low health literacy would have the access, experience, and interest to use Web-based diabetes interventions.

We sought to characterize computer/Internet use in a sample of urban African American adults with type 2 diabetes participating in the randomized controlled trial Project Sugar 2 (2). We queried subjects on general computer skills and interest in a group with suboptimal …
Up to date service evaluations and needs assessments would be useful in caring for elderly prisoners
Authors: A. Bartlett, S. Evans
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We disagree with some of Ginn’s conclusions about elderly prisoners.1

The prison service calls 50 years and over “elderly”; this is stigmatising and inadvertently reduces expectations. External health services call over 65 year olds “older adults,” and the Prison Reform Trust suggests that “older” starts at 60 years.2 Prisoners may be functionally older, but imprisonment can reduce risks associated with unhealthy lifestyles. …
Regulation of left ventricular relaxation in the isolated guinea-pig heart by endogenous endothelin
Authors: Bernard D Prendergast, Peter B Anning, Malcolm J Lewis, Ajay M Shah
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: To examine the effects of' endogenous endothelin-1 on cardiac contraction in the isolated heart using endothelin receptor antagonists.Methods: Isolated ejecting guinea-pig hearts were perfused with Krebs buffer ( 1 WM indomethacin) at 37"C, constant loading and heart rate, and high-fidelity left ventricular pressure was monitored by an apical 2F Millar catheter.The effects of the following interventions on left ventricular performance and coronary flow were determined: (a) no treatment (i.e., time controls) (n = ~); (b) the specific ETA receptor antagonist, BQ123 (1 KM, n = 8); (c) the specific ET~receptor antagonist, IRL1038 (0.1 wM, n =4; 1 wM, n = 6); (d) exogenousendothelin-1(0.01 nM, n = 6; 0.1 nM, n =6; 1 nM, n = 6); (e) the specific ET~receptor agonist, BQ3020 (5 nM, n = 8).Results: All parameters were stable in control (untreated) hearts.BQ123 induced progressive acceleration of early left ventricular pressure decline and a fall in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure with no effect on peak left ventricular pressure, dP/dt,m,X, stroke volume or coronary flow.IRL 1038 had no effect on any of these parameters.In contrast, exogenous endothelin-1 exerted potent vasoconstrictor effects associated with a fall in peak left ventricular pressure, dP/dt~,, and stroke volume.Similar changes were observed with BQ3020.Concentrations of endothelin-1 <0.1 nM, which had no vasoccmstrictor effect, producedno change in LV function.Conclusions:These data indicate that basal intracardiac release of endothelin-1 significantly delays LV relaxation in the isolated guinea-pig heart, but has no effect on coronary flow.The contrasting effects of endogenous endothelin-1 (elicited by BQ123) and exogenous endothelin-1 are likely to reflect differences in their site of action and in their effective concentrations at these sites.
Risks for Depression Onset in Primary Care Elderly Patients: Potential Targets for Preventive Interventions
Authors: Jeffrey M. Lyness, Qin Yu, Wan Tang, Xin Tu, Yeates Conwell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: Prevention of late-life depression, a common, disabling condition with often poor outcomes in primary care, requires identification of seniors at highest risk of incident episodes. The authors examined a broad range of clinical, functional, and psychosocial predictors of incident depressive episodes in a well-characterized cohort of older primary care patients. Method: In this observational cohort study, patients age ≥65 years without current major depression, recruited from practices in general internal medicine, geriatrics, and family medicine, received annual follow-up assessments over a period of 1 to 4 years. Of 617 enrolled subjects, 405 completed the 1-year follow-up evaluation. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) determined incident major depressive episodes. Each risk indicator's predictive utility was examined by calculating the risk exposure rate, incident risk ratio, and population attributable fraction, leading to determination of the number needed to treat in order to prevent incident depression. Results: A combination of risks, including minor or subsyndromal depression, impaired functional status, and history of major or minor depression, identified a group in which fully effective treatment of five individuals would prevent one new case of incident depression. Conclusions: Indicators routinely assessed in primary care identified a group at very high risk for onset of major depressive episodes. Such markers may inform current clinical care by fostering the early detection and intervention critical to improving patient outcomes and may serve as the basis for future studies refining the recommendations for screening and determining the effectiveness of preventive interventions.
Quantitative Real-time PCR of Staphylococcus aureus DNA Reveals High Levels in Bed, Floor, and Vacuum Dust in Children with Severe Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
Authors: A.D. Leung, A.M. Schiltz, C.F. Hall, A.A. Harris-Deutch, A.H. Liu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)