tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Porphyrias: A Story of Inheritance and Environment
Authors: William J. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<i>The Porphyries</i>has an orderly presentation of data and is written in an agreeable style that is easily understood. The book is concise and unique; its uniqueness reflects the author's considerable industry in tracing the members of 14 generations of one family, many of whom suffered from porphyria. The author gives attention to the problem of porphyria in South Africa, but this should not obscure the earlier contributions in this field by his predecessors, especially Dr. H. D. Barnes. One objection is the reliance on the terms "porphyria variegata" and "the South African type of porphyria," to describe the variant with which the author appears to have had greatest clinical experience. Since porphyria is an international disease, it would be unwieldy to utilize terminology founded on national origin. Most workers with a special interest in porphyria find no difficulty in retaining the acute type in the classification. Also, minimal dispute
Periprosthetic Clostridium difficile Hip Abscess Imaged With In-111 WBCs
Authors: DWIGHT M. ACHONG, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

During a prolonged hospital stay, left hip pain developed in a woman with sickle cell disease and bilateral hip prostheses, ln-111 labeled WBC scintigraphy supplemented by Tc-99m SC bone marrow imaging demonstrated abnormal WBC accumulation surrounding the left greater trochanter. Results of surgical exploration showed an abscess involving the pseudocapsule, trochanteric bursa, and periprosthetic cement column. Cultures grew Clostridium difficile, an unusual pathogen in this site.
Response to Pacing at Sites of Isolated Diastolic Potentials During Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Frank Bogun, Marwan Bahu, Bradley P Knight, Raul Weiss, Rajiva Goyal, Emile Daoud, K.Ching Man, S.Adam Strickberger, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Effects of vitamin A and ethanol on liver plasma membrane fluidity
Authors: Cho-Il Kim, Maria Anna Leo, Nancy Lowe, Charles S. Lieber
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

To study possible mechanisms whereby vitamin A and ethanol may affect liver plasma membranes, rats were fed liquid diets containing either 6 international units of vitamin A per kcal or 5 times more, with or without ethanol (36% of total energy as isocaloric substitution for carbohydrate). Vitamin A supplementation resulted in 2- to 3-fold increases of liver plasma membrane free retinol (p less than 0.005) and retinyl esters (p less than 0.001), particularly esters of palmitate and oleate, whereas cholesterol esters did not change. The fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene revealed decreased fluidity as measured by an increase in fluorescence polarization which correlated significantly with retinyl palmitate plus oleate content in membranes. In rats fed ethanol chronically, we first verified our previous observation of a decrease in liver plasma membrane fluorescence polarization. We now find this effect to be associated with (and possibly due to) an increase of cholesterol ester content. In linear regression analysis, the change in fluorescence polarization correlated positively with vitamin A (p less than 0.02) and negatively with cholesterol ester contents (p less than 0.001). Ethanol feeding partially offset the effect of vitamin A supplementation on fluorescence polarization. We conclude from these observations that liver plasma membranes contain a significant amount of vitamin A, that vitamin A supplementation increases membrane fluorescence polarization and that chronic ethanol administration can interfere with this effect.
Newborn Screening Showing Decreasing Incidence of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Jaime E. Hale, Richard B. Parad, Anne Marie Comeau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

tween the annual increase in the rate of CT use and the annual decrease in the overall rate of false positive diagnosis of appendicitis among adults (P<0.001).The overall rate of pathologically proven appendiceal perforation decreased significantly, from 18% in 1996 to 5% in 2006 (P<0.001).Our data suggest that the increased use of highquality preoperative CT, with the results interpreted by experienced abdominal radiologists, has led to significantly improved clinical outcomes in adults, with a sustained decrease in rates of both false positive diagnosis of appendicitis and false positive diagnosis of appendiceal perforation.
"AN OVARIAN HORMONE"
Authors: Edgar Allen
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, September 29, Dr. R. T. Frank of Denver criticized our preliminary report on "An Ovarian Hormone" (The Journal, September 8). That only one of his criticisms is justified will be seen when our experimental data and protocols are published. This criticism concerns our mistaken use of "hyperemia" for "hyperplasia" in a quotation from Dr. Frank's paper. This happened inadvertently in the revision of our manuscript for publication. We wish to acknowledge the error and sincerely apologize to Dr. Frank for our mistake. A copy of this letter is being sent to Dr. Frank.
143. Development of Telomerase Specific Antineoplastic Adenovirus Telomelysin (OBP-301): Establishment of Useful Assay and Assessment for Antitumor Activity
Authors: Yuuri Hashimoto, Fuminori Teraishi, Yuichi Watanabe, Shunsuke Kagawa, Hitoshi Kawamura, Katsuyuki Nagai, Noriaki Tanaka, Yasuo Urata, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: We previously reported that an attenuated adenovirus (OBP-301, 'Telomelysin'), in which the hTERT promoter element drives expression of E1A and E1B genes linked with an IRES, could replicate in cancer cells, and causes selective lysis of cancer cells. In this study, we further investigated the virus replication and antitumor activity of Telomelysin in various human cancer cell lines, and also established the assay to determine the concentration of Telomelysin in circulating blood. Methods: We designed the specific primer targeted for E1 gene or IRES sequence for real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), and then analyzed its potent of quantity and sensitivity. We also analyzed the correlation between hTERT mRNA expression and viral replication of Telomelysin in human cancer cells. CAR expression was determined by flow cytometry, and cell killing effect of Telomelysin in 13 human cancer cell lines and normal human fibroblasts was examined by XTT assay. Results: By Q-PCR, the minimum detection limit was 100 plaque- forming units (PFU)/ml of Telomelysin in the plasma, using the primer for IRES. A positive correlation tendency was observed between hTERT mRNA expression and viral replication of Telomelysin in human cancer cells. Telomelysin killed all human cancer cell lines dose-dependently, but not normal human fibroblasts. Average of ID50 after three days of infection was 12.1 multiplicity of infection (MOI). Conclusion: Our data suggested that Telomelysin may be useful for treatment of various human cancer cells, and telomerase activity is a marker for Telomelysin replication in cancer cells.
In situ nucleic acid detection of human telomerase in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its preneoplastic lesion
Authors: Satoru Ozaki, Kenichi Harada, Takahiro Sanzen, Kishichiro Watanabe, Wilson Tsui, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Human telomerase, an enzyme associated with cellular immortality and tumorigenesis, is expressed by most malignant tumor cells. Human telomerase consists of human telomerase RNA (hTR) and telomerase protein components. One of the latter has been cloned and was termed telomerase-associated protein 1 (TP1). Using an in situ hybridization method, expression of hTR and TP1 mRNA was surveyed in 20 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) (5 of them were associated with hepatolithiasis), 5 cases of hepatolithiasis alone and 6 normal livers. Biliary dysplasia, which is suspected as a preneoplastic lesion of ICC, was found in the biliary tree in all 5 ICC cases with hepatolithiasis and in 1 of 5 cases of hepatolithiasis alone. Normal colonic mucosa was used as positive control. In 17 (85%) of 20 ICC cases, hTR and TP1 mRNA were detected in carcinoma cells. There was no correlation between histological subtype of ICC and expression of hTR and TP1 mRNA. Biliary dysplasia was also positive for both RNA. These signals were mainly located in the cytoplasm of carcinoma and dysplastic cells, especially around their nuclei. The signals were homogeneously detected in the carcinoma, while their distribution was more or less heterogeneous in the dysplastic foci. These signals were not detected in nondysplastic biliary epithelia in hepatolithiasis and normal livers. It seems likely that almost all ICC acquired telomerase activities irrespective of histological subtype and more importantly that cellular immortalization has already occurred in biliary dysplasia and this lesion is already involved in the malignant progression of ICC.
Abstract 2384: Time-lapse imaging of response to DNA damage occuring during mitosis
Authors: Shinji Miwa, Shuya Yano, Mako Yamamoto, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Yasunori Matsumoto, Hiroaki Kimura, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Elena V. Efimova, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The DNA damage response protein 53BP1 forming foci when double-stranded breaks occur in DNA. In this study, the response to DNA damage during mitosis was visualized using fluorescent protein-based real-time imaging of 53BP1 linked to GFP (GFP-53BP1) focus formation by the fusion protein in the MiaPaCa2 Tet-On Advanced cell line. The MiaPaCa2Tet-On GFP-53BP1 cells were cultured in 35 mm dishes for 48 h. 53BP1 foci were observed every 30 minutes with the FluoView FV1000 confocal laser microscope (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan). The increased expression of GFP-53BP1 was observed during mitosis in MiaPaCa2Tet-On GFP-53BP1 cells without any treatment Mitotic changes were observed 1.09 ± 0.10 times in each cell during over 24 h. Apoptotic changes were observed in 7.3 ± 3.3% of the cells during the 24 h. During the time-lapse imaging, focus formation of GFP-53BP1 was observed in 11.4 ± 2.1% of the mitotic cells during over 24 h. Non-mitotic cells did not have an increase in GFP-53BP1 focus formation. This study indicates that DNA strand breaks occur during mitosis and can be repaired, at least to some extent. Citation Format: Shinji Miwa, Shuya Yano, Mako Yamamoto, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Yasunori Matsumoto, Hiroaki Kimura, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Elena V. Efimova, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Robert M. Hoffman. Time-lapse imaging of response to DNA damage occuring during mitosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2384. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2384
IRES-Dependent Second Gene Expression Is Significantly Lower Than Cap-Dependent First Gene Expression in a Bicistronic Vector
Authors: Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Zhili Xu, Akiko Ishii-Watabe, Eriko Uchida, Takao Hayakawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) has been widely used to coexpress heterologous gene products by a message from a single promoter. However, little is known about the efficiency of IRES-dependent second gene expression in comparison with that of first gene expression. This study was undertaken to characterize the relative expression of IRES-dependent second gene in a bicistronic vector, which was derived from the 5′ untranslated regions of the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). IRES-dependent second gene expression was compared with cap-dependent first gene expression in several cultured cell lines and in mouse liver in vivo. The expression of the IRES-dependent second gene ranged from 6 to 100% (in most cases between 20 and 50%) that of the first gene. Second gene expression in a plasmid without the IRES was 0.1–0.8% (with some exceptions) that of the first gene. These findings have important implications for the use of IRES, i.e., care should be taken regarding the decreased capacity of IRES-dependent downstream gene expression as well as in determining which gene should be positioned as the first or second gene in a bicistronic vector. The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) has been widely used to coexpress heterologous gene products by a message from a single promoter. However, little is known about the efficiency of IRES-dependent second gene expression in comparison with that of first gene expression. This study was undertaken to characterize the relative expression of IRES-dependent second gene in a bicistronic vector, which was derived from the 5′ untranslated regions of the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). IRES-dependent second gene expression was compared with cap-dependent first gene expression in several cultured cell lines and in mouse liver in vivo. The expression of the IRES-dependent second gene ranged from 6 to 100% (in most cases between 20 and 50%) that of the first gene. Second gene expression in a plasmid without the IRES was 0.1–0.8% (with some exceptions) that of the first gene. These findings have important implications for the use of IRES, i.e., care should be taken regarding the decreased capacity of IRES-dependent downstream gene expression as well as in determining which gene should be positioned as the first or second gene in a bicistronic vector.
Medical Students and Medical School
Authors: Henry K. Silver
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ON A BRIGHT morning in late August in the early 1980s, a senior member of a medical school faculty attended an orientation session being held for incoming freshmen medical students. It made him feel good when he looked around the large lecture hall and saw the eager, alert, enthusiastic, and excited men and women from various walks of life and a variety of educational backgrounds. When the dean of the medical school spoke to the new freshmen students and indicated that they would have to work harder than they ever had before, the Faculty Member could almost sense them saying, That's OK! Let us at it. Medical school will be an exciting and rewarding experience and we're ready. We've been waiting for this for years. And when the dean talked about the obligations of medicine, what becoming a physician entailed, and some of the difficult problems with which they would
Critical Issues in Gastroenterology
Authors: P E T ISAACS
Journal: Gut (1999)

Critical Issues in Gastroenterology. Edited by Gitnick G. (Pp 132; £23.50). UK: Williams and Wilkins Europe Ltd, 1998. ISBN 0-683-30555-7.

The breathless hype “the lastest [sic] vital gastroenterology information on strategies, therapies, equipment” and the out of focus cover artwork give an unfortunate rushed feel to this portable volume, which is indeed rather heterogeneous in content. There are six chapters covering strategic planning for managed care, proton pump inhibitors (PPI), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), emerging therapies for hepatitis C, colorectal cancer and polyp surveillance, and evolving therapies for colon cancer. Most of the chapters are from the UCLA School of Medicine, some from the East coast and …
Don't overreact
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Response to microbial infection must be perfectly balanced to kill off the bugs but not the surrounding host tissue. Wirtz et al. (page 1875) report that in sepsis this balance fails. By attempting to prevent an overzealous innate immune response, the cytokine IL-27 prevents efficient bacterial clearance.

IL-27 is strongly induced by microbial stimuli in vitro, but its response to microbes in vivo was unclear. In a mouse model of septic peritonitis, microbial invasion from the gut triggered IL-27 production. IL-27 was produced earlier than cytokines of the adaptive immune response, IL-12 and IL-23, indicating that IL-27 induction was, in this case, part of the innate response.

In earlier studies, IL-27 was shown to promote T cell proliferation and thus positively regulate adaptive immunity. In the present study, however, IL-27 displayed a negative effect on the innate response: mice lacking functional IL-27 cleared bacteria more efficiently and were more likely to survive than their wild-type counterparts. The authors attribute this increased survival to a corresponding increase in the number and the oxidative burst activity of granulocytes found in the abdomen.

How IL-27 suppresses myeloid cell activation remains to be determined. Furthermore, “the normal physiological role [of IL-27] is still unclear,” says Wirtz. Its role in innate immunity, at least, is probably to limit inflammation and thus protect body tissues from damage. In the case of sepsis, however, this control goes too far.
Digital bridges need concrete foundations: lessons from the Health InterNetwork India
Authors: Shyama Kuruvilla, Joan Dzenowagis, Andrew Pleasant, Ranjan Dwivedi, Nirmala Murthy, Reuben Samuel, Michael Scholtz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The World Health Organization's Health InterNetwork pilot project has shown that national and international partnerships can use information and communication technologies to strengthen the public health system and bridge the digital divide in health 

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are often promoted as bridges to better governance, economies, and health,1–3 but examples of how these bridges can be successfully built are rare.2 In this context, the United Nations' secretary general, Kofi Annan, launched in 2000 the Health InterNetwork in the Millennium Action Plan “as a concrete demonstration of how we can build bridges over digital divides.”4 The initiative proposed to install computers and internet connectivity at thousands of hospitals and health centres in developing countries. The private sector pledged to provide the millions of dollars needed, but the “dot com” bubble burst and the funding never materialised.

The challenge of improving the flow of timely, relevant, and reliable health information remained, however. The World Health Organization (WHO), along with other United Nations agencies, technical experts, non-governmental organisations, and national governments, developed a strategy to implement and evaluate a series of pilot projects to better understand and meet those needs, as a basis for expansion.5

An early Health InterNetwork pilot project—to improve access to scientific publications for researchers in developing countries—grew quickly as agencies and publishers formed the Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI). Coordinated by WHO and the BMJ Publishing Group, HINARI now provides public and non-profit health institutions in 113 countries with free or low cost access to over 2300 biomedical journals from more than 40 of the world's major publishers.6 7

A second pilot project, Health InterNetwork India (HIN India), aimed to show the value of integrating ICT into public health practice. This article describes the Health InterNetwork approach and …
Continuous positive airway pressure vs. proportional assist ventilation for noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: Thierry Rusterholtz, Pierre-Edouard Bollaert, Marc Feissel, Florence Romano-Girard, Marie-Line Harlay, Michel Zaehringer, Benjamin Dusang, Philippe Sauder
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Systematic literature review and pooled analyses of risk factors for finding adenomas at surveillance colonoscopy
Authors: V. de Jonge, J. Sint Nicolaas, M. van Leerdam, E. Kuipers, S. Veldhuyzen van Zanten
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de V. de Jonge et al., pp. 560Endoscopy 2011; 43(07): 647-647DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291725
GLIOMA OF THE RETINA
Authors: George W. Jean
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The newspaper notoriety given to the Vasco case—the child whose parents refused operation for a tumor of the retina—brings up several questions. If surgery fails, the irregulars and the general public perhaps will say that here scientific medicine stepped in at the behest of the law and yet the life of the child was not saved. Glioma of the retina is a terrible disease and demands primarily brain and not eye surgery. When it kills, it does so practically always by direct extension of the tumor backward through the optic nerve to the brain. The surgical problem, then, is always to remove all the nerve possible. The optic nerve is 5 cm. long, of which 3 cm. is in the orbit, 1 cm. in the bony optic canal and 1 cm. intracranial (Norris and Oliver, vol. 1, p. 386). The usual procedure among eye surgeons (of whom
The Business of Medicine
Authors: Alford C. Diller
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This is a well-written compilation of practice information for the physician who wants to understand reimbursement options and how to evaluate practice options, to establish and manage a medical practice successfully using advisers, and to survive the frustrations and stresses of a physician's life. Gary Gitnick, MD, professor of medicine at UCLA School of Medicine at Los Angeles, has brought together a team of 53 experts who provide a wealth of information in a well-organized text. The first of five sections is an overview of the changing market forces impacting on the physician's practice. It reviews the changes in physician reimbursement patterns since 1900. Accompanying the changes from fee-for-service to the various third-party mechanisms of payment is the involvement of hospitals, government, group practices, the American Medical Association, and the recent alphabet soup of managed care. This trend analysis, primarily from the physician reimbursement standpoint, gives the reader a basis
Surgeon accused of letting nurse operate
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The attorney general's office of Barcelona has denounced one of the city's leading ophthalmologists for allegedly allowing a male nurse in his team to perform surgical operations–mainly cataract removals.

Both the ophthalmologist, Dr Demetrio Pita Salorio, and the nurse, Manuel Gutierrez Ramos, are accused of the crime of “intrusismo,” which is defined as “practising or allowing somebody to practise a profession without having the necessary qualifications.”

The case has parallels …
The policy context.
Authors: R Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The final article in the series considers the ways in which the methods described previously are used in the formation of policy. When health authorities are making decisions about how to spend their money they have to draw on several sources of information about priorities: diktats from policy makers, opinions of consumers and of the professional bodies involved, and evidence gained from research. They must also consider the various methods of costing and select the right one for their circumstances. Some of these methods are still in the early stages of development, but more are being developed all the time and they have a valuable role in helping decision making throughout the NHS.
DAKIN'S DICHLORAMIN-T SOLUTION FOR OCULAR INFECTIONS
Authors: A. S. GREEN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Until recently the search for an antiseptic that would influence the flora of the conjunctiva without at the same time injuring its epithelium seemed almost hopeless. It is true that many so-called antiseptics are often used with excellent results in treating infections of the cornea and the conjunctiva, but with few of them is the benefit derived due to anything but the mechanical cleansing, the possible exceptions being zinc sulphate for infections with the Morax-Axenfeld bacillus, and ethylhydrocuprein, in pneumococcus infections. This conclusion must inevitably be reached by all who have given the subject of ocular antisepsis careful study. When the wonderful results of the Carrel-Dakin treatment were first reported from the seat of war regarding its remarkable efficacy in preventing and cleaning up the infections of wounds, it occurred to us that the method might be modified in treating infections of the eyes. Here was an antiseptic solution that