tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Two Ancient Classes of MIKC-type MADS-box Genes are Present in the Moss Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Katrin Henschel, Rumiko Kofuji, Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Heinz Saedler, Thomas Münster, Günter Theißen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Characterization of seven MADS-box genes, termed PPM1–PPM4 and PpMADS1–PpMADS3, from the moss model species Physcomitrella patens is reported. Phylogeny reconstructions and comparison of exon-intron structures revealed that the genes described here represent two different classes of homologous, yet distinct, MIKC-type MADS-box genes, termed MIKCc-type genes—“c” stands for “classic”—(PPM1, PPM2, PpMADS1) and MIKC*-type genes (PPM3, PPM4, PpMADS2, PpMADS3). The two gene classes deviate from each other in a characteristic way, especially in a sequence stretch termed intervening region. MIKCc-type genes are abundantly present in all land plants which have been investigated in this respect, and give rise to well-known gene types such as floral meristem and organ identity genes. In contrast, LAMB1 from the clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum was identified as the only other MIKC*-type gene published so far. Our findings strongly suggest that the most recent common ancestor of mosses and vascular plants contained at least one MIKCc-type and one MIKC*-type gene. Our studies thus reveal an ancient duplication of an MIKC-type gene that occurred before the separation of the lineages that led to extant mosses and vascular plants more than about 450 MYA. The identification of bona fide K-domains in both MIKC*-type and MIKCc-type proteins suggests that the K-domain is more ancient than is suggested by a recent alternative hypothesis. MIKC*-type genes may have escaped identification in ferns and seed plants so far. It seems more likely, however, that they represent a class of genes which has been lost in the lineage which led to extant ferns and seed plants. The high number of P. patens MADS-box genes and the presence of a K-box in the coding region and of some potential binding sites for MADS-domain proteins and other transcription factors in the putative promoter regions of these genes suggest that MADS-box genes in mosses are involved in complex gene regulatory networks similar to those in flowering plants.
Human Rights in the Biomedical Literature
Authors: Annette Flanagin
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Continuous intravenous infusion of deleted form of hepatocyte growth factor attenuates hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Shoshiro Oe, Tetsuro Hirose, Hideaki Fujii, Kentaro Yasuchika, Toshihiro Nishio, Yuji Iimuro, Taisuke Morimoto, Masaya Nagao, Yoshio Yamaoka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
PI3Kγ Is Required for PDE4, not PDE3, Activity in Subcellular Microdomains Containing the Sarcoplasmic Reticular Calcium ATPase in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Benoit-Gilles Kerfant, Dongling Zhao, Ilka Lorenzen-Schmidt, Lindsay S. Wilson, Shitian Cai, S. R. Wayne Chen, Donald H. Maurice, Peter H. Backx
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

We recently showed that phosphoinositide-3-kinase-gamma-deficient (PI3Kgamma(-/-)) mice have enhanced cardiac contractility attributable to cAMP-dependent increases in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content and release but not L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)), demonstrating PI3Kgamma locally regulates cAMP levels in cardiomyocytes. Because phosphodiesterases (PDEs) can contribute to cAMP compartmentation, we examined whether the PDE activity was altered by PI3Kgamma ablation. Selective inhibition of PDE3 or PDE4 in wild-type (WT) cardiomyocytes elevated Ca(2+) transients, SR Ca(2+) content, and phospholamban phosphorylation (PLN-PO(4)) by similar amounts to levels observed in untreated PI3Kgamma(-/-) myocytes. Combined PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition caused no further increases in SR function. By contrast, only PDE3 inhibition affected Ca(2+) transients, SR Ca(2+) loads, and PLN-PO(4) levels in PI3Kgamma(-/-) myocytes. On the other hand, inhibition of PDE3 or PDE4 alone did not affect I(Ca,L) in either PI3Kgamma(-/-) or WT cardiomyocytes, whereas simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition elevated I(Ca,L) in both groups. Ryanodine receptor (RyR(2)) phosphorylation levels were not different in basal conditions between PI3Kgamma(-/-) and WT myocytes and increased in both groups with PDE inhibition. Our results establish that L-type Ca(2+) channels, RyR(2), and SR Ca(2+) pumps are regulated differently in distinct subcellular compartments by PDE3 and PDE4. In addition, the loss of PI3Kgamma selectively abolishes PDE4 activity, not PDE3, in subcellular compartments containing the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase but not RyR(2) or L-type Ca(2+) channels.
Sodium valproate in chorea.
Authors: J A Lenman, I T Ferguson, A M Fleming, M Herzberg, J E Robb, M J Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Stones, Crohn's disease, and Meckel's diverticulum Multiple faceted radio-opaque stones within the abdomen are usually situated in the gall bladder, and the incidence of gall stones is increased in patients with Crohn's disease.' Enteroliths may rarely be found in a Meckel's diverticulum,2 and there is an increased-incidence of Meckel's diverticulum in Crohn's disease.3Stones in a Meckel's diverticulum associated with Crohn's disease have not been reported, but we describe such a case. Case reportA 62-year-old man presented on 19 December 1974 with a two-week history of intermittent central abdominal pain radiating to the right hypochondrium.His only other symptoms were slight constipation and nocturia.He had a tender mobile mass in the right iliac fossa, but, apart from an enlarged prostate, no other abnormality was found.In view of this mass, a barium enema was performed on 23 December.Initial screening disclosed several flat, triangular, laminated stones in the right side of the abdomen, with two further stones in the left iliac fossa.The calibre and haustral pattern of the large bowel were normal throughout.The terminal ileum was abnormal, showing some dilatation with loss of mucosal pattern (see figure).. . ,~~~. .
Intraoral Tactile Sensitivity in Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Rosemary S.A. Shinkai, John P. Hatch, John E. Cornell, Chih-Ko Yeh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The intraoral tactile sensitivity (ITS) of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects was compared. The effects of age, ethnicity, sex, and intraoral site were considered. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The sample comprised 589 participants of the Oral Health: San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging. A total of 107 subjects (61.8 ± 10.0 years; 48 women, 59 men) met American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria for diabetes and 482 subjects (58.8 ± 11.1 years; 274 women, 208 men) did not. ITS was assessed with an oral microaesthesiometer with a cross-modality matching procedure. The dependent variable was the slope of the psychophysical function relating physical stimulus intensity (air pressure) and subjects’ judgments of stimulus intensity. Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures with between-subject factors of age, sex, ethnicity, and diabetes and the within-subject factor of intraoral site. RESULTS—Diabetic and nondiabetic subjects showed no significant differences in ITS at any of the three test sites. European Americans demonstrated greater soft-palate sensitivity (mean ± SD 0.26 ± 0.15) compared with Mexican Americans (0.24 ± 0.16; P = 0.046). The three intraoral test sites differed in tactile sensitivity (P &amp;lt; 0.001); posterior tongue (0.33 ± 0.22) was most sensitive, followed by the soft palate (0.25 ± 0.15) and the anterior tongue (0.23 ± 0.13). Potentially confounding factors were not associated with ITS. CONCLUSIONS—Our results suggest that diabetes per se may not influence ITS.
hMOB3 Modulates MST1 Apoptotic Signaling and Supports Tumor Growth in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Fengyuan Tang, Lei Zhang, Gongda Xue, Debby Hynx, Yuhua Wang, Peter D. Cron, Christian Hundsrucker, Alexander Hergovich, Stephan Frank, Brian A. Hemmings, Debora Schmitz-Rohmer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

New therapeutic targets are needed that circumvent inherent therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here, we report such a candidate target in the uncharacterized adaptor protein hMOB3, which we show is upregulated in GBM. In a search for its biochemical function, we found that hMOB3 specifically interacts with MST1 kinase in response to apoptotic stimuli and cell-cell contact. Moreover, hMOB3 negatively regulated apoptotic signaling by MST1 in GBM cells by inhibiting the MST1 cleavage-based activation process. Physical interaction between hMOB3 and MST1 was essential for this process. In vivo investigations established that hMOB3 sustains GBM cell growth at high cell density and promotes tumorigenesis. Our results suggest hMOB3 as a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of malignant gliomas.
Effect of Vitamin D and Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment on Lung Function in Children
Authors: Ann Chen Wu, Kelan Tantisira, Lingling Li, Anne L. Fuhlbrigge, Scott T. Weiss, Augusto Litonjua
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Low vitamin D levels are associated with asthma and decreased airway responsiveness. Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids improves airway responsiveness and asthma control.
UK government disbands advisory group on obesity
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK government has quietly disbanded its expert advisory group on obesity in a move seen by some as a way to silence independent critical voices.

The expert group was set up by the previous Labour government to advise on the evidence that emerged from the “Tackling Obesities: Future Choices” project of Foresight, part of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The expert group then went on to support the development and delivery of the “Healthy weight, healthy lives” strategy and public health programmes such as Change4Life, which aimed, with support from the Department of Health for England, to encourage people to lead healthier lives.

Members of the group were unpaid. The closure has happened quietly and with no publicity.

Geof Rayner, a member of the advisory group and honorary research fellow at the Centre for Food Policy at City University, London, told the BMJ that he believes that ministers don’t want advisers whose ideas do not fit theirs. He said, “They don’t want to hear critical independent advice. They only want advisers who agree with their way of thinking.”

Dr Rayner said he believed that the Department of Health had been upset about an article he had written in the BMJ in April that criticised the government’s endorsement of “nudge” thinking as a strategy to tackle obesity ( BMJ 2011;342:d2177, doi:10.1136/bmj.d2177). The head to head article, written with a fellow advisory group member, Tim Lang, professor of food policy at City University, said that “nudge is a smokescreen for, at best, inaction and, …
Roles of alphabeta and gammadelta T Cell Subsets in Viral Immunity
Authors: Peter C. Doherty, William Allan, Maryna Eichelberger, Simon R. Carding
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1992)

The current status of T-cell subset involvement in viral immunity is summarized for experimental studies in mice. The immunobiology of the normal host response is discussed, with particular reference to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and influenza. The general impression is that CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD4 + TH1 cells, γ interferon, and IL-2 are of major importance, with these different components of the immune system interacting to promote an optimal response. However, experiments with a variety of virus systems indicate that there is considerable plasticity, at least in young, adult mice. Other mechanisms often compensate if a key lymphocyte subset is absent throughout the development of the immune response. Influenza-infected mice depleted of either CD4 + or CD8 + T cells clear virus and recover, though the latter may not be true for the elimination of LCM Virus. Emerging information on the involvement of γδ T cells in viral pneumonia is summarized, but there is as yet no understanding of the biological significance (if any) of these lymphocytes in viral immunity. The point is made that αβ T-cell memory to viruses is long-lived, and the need for antigen persistence to maintain such memory is questioned.
Expressed genes, Alu repeats and polymorphisms in cosmids sequenced from chromosome 4p16.3
Authors: W.R. McCombie, A. Martin-Gallardo, J.D. Gocayne, M. FitzGerald, M. Dubnick, J.M. Kelley, L. Castilla, L.I. Liu, S. Wallace, S. Trapp, D. Tagle, W.L. Whaley, S. Cheng, J. Gusella, A.-M. Frischauf, A. Poustka, H. Lehrach, F. S. Collins, A. R. Kerlavage, C. Fields, J.C. Venter
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
The anomaly of the anomalous
Authors: Joseph Glicksohn
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

What R&amp;P term the “noise reduction model” implies that the psi-conducive state is related to the induction of an altered state of consciousness (ASC). Yet there is a problem in embedding psi in the ASC, because one anomaly is replacing another. This seems to be a general strategy in the literature of the anomalous.
A NaYbF4: Tm3+ nanoprobe for CT and NIR-to-NIR fluorescent bimodal imaging
Authors: Huaiyong Xing, Wenbo Bu, Qingguo Ren, Xiangpeng Zheng, Ming Li, Shengjian Zhang, Haiyun Qu, Zheng Wang, Yanqing Hua, Kuaile Zhao, Liangping Zhou, Weijun Peng, Jianlin Shi
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Postprandial gastric function in pancreatic insufficiency.
Authors: P T Regan, J R Malagelada, E P Dimagno, V L Go
Journal: Gut (1979)

Abnormalities in postprandial gastric function could contribute to the maldigestion of pancreatic insufficiency. To measure simultaneously postprandial gastric secretion and emptying and correlate these measurements with intraluminal duodenal changes, we performed intestinal intubation and duodenal perfusion during feeding of a solid-liquid test meal in 10 healthy controls and 10 patients with documented pancreatic insufficiency before and after replacement therapy. In pancreatic insufficiency, intraduodenal pH was significantly decreased late in the postprandial period while simultaneously measured duodenal acid loads were normal, confirming that reduced bicarbonate output rather than increased acid delivery was responsible for higher duodenal acidity in these patients. Significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in postprandial acid, pepsin, and total secretory outputs were noted in untreated patients only during the first postprandial hour. Absolute gastric emptying rates were lower in patients (P less than 0.05) than in healthy subjects, but fractional rates of emptying were similar. Fasting and postprandial hypergastrinaemia were consistently observed in the patients with pancreatic disease. There are postprandial disturbances of secretory function but no primary gastric motor defect in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
A candidate mouse model for Prader–Willi syndrome which shows an absence of Snrpn expression
Authors: Bruce M. Cattanach, Jacqueline A. Barr, Edward P. Evans, Michael Burtenshaw, Colin V. Beechey, Stuart E. Leff, Camilynn I. Brannan, Neal G. Copeland, Nancy A. Jenkins, Janet Jones
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Improving mortality of coronary surgery: Authors' repl
Authors: Ben Bridgewater, Antony D Grayson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We dispute that the data presented and conclusions drawn are incompatible or that there is a paradox. We have some specific responses the points raised.

We set out to test the hypothesis that there was improvement in surgeon performance after appointment to independent practice, which was indeed detected by our observations. This …
OP0120 A Systematic Analysis of the Safety of Prescribing Anti-Rheumatic Immunosuppressive and Biologic Drugs in Pregnant Women with Inflammatory Arthritis: Table 1
Authors: S. Panchal, J. Flint, M. van de Venne, M. Piper, A. Hurrell, J. Cunningham, M. Gayed, K. Schreiber, S. Anthanari, M. Nisar, D. Williams, M. Khamashta, C. Gordon, I. Giles
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The use of anti-rheumatic drugs in pregnancy is often complicated by concerns over their potential for adverse effects. Given that rheumatic diseases often affect women of childbearing age and may flare during pregnancy, the safety of anti-rheumatic drugs and immunosuppressant9s are of particular importance. Practice has relied on information based mainly on experimental and animal studies. Previous systematic reviews have identified risks with various anti-rheumatic drugs and biologics. This systematic review is an update of consensus papers on anti-rheumatic drugs, biological agents and reproduction published in 2006/8. <h3>Objectives</h3> This systematic review is an update of consensus papers on anti-rheumatic drugs, biological agents and reproduction published in 2006/8. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was carried out using relevant keywords for pregnancy, lactation, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), inflammatory arthritis (IA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) from 2006 onwards and drugs commonly prescribed in patients with rheumatic disease from 1966 onwards. Review articles and non-English language papers were excluded. <h3>Results</h3> The search identified 43 papers published since the 2006/8 consensus papers describing relevant drug use in pregnant women with RA, PsA, IA and JIA. These consisted of 15 case reports, 7 case series, 16 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies. 4145 pregnancies were reported with an inflammatory arthritis. Over 4530 drug exposures were identified which includes steroids (346) DMARDs (AZA 210, HCQ 189, LFL 80, SSZ 57, MTX 15, MMF 1) and biologic therapies (278). Table 1. illustrates the outcomes in pregnancy with some of the common drugs used in inflammatory arthritis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Evidence supports the safety of HCQ, AZA, SSZ and steroids in pregnancy. Data from a limited number of pregnancies exposed to anti-TNF alpha drugs predominantly in or immediately prior to the first trimester exposures indicates that the number of spontaneous miscarriages and congenital malformations do not appear to be increased. Further registry data is required for biologic drugs, before the safe use of these drugs can be advocated throughout pregnancy in patients with inflammatory arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5548
Future options for aerosol delivery to children
Authors: H. Bisgaard
Journal: Allergy (1999)

There is an increasing awareness of the importance of reliable aerosol delivery, with emphasis on the dose delivered to the lungs, optimal clinical control, cost-effectiveness, and safety in children. Dose prescription should relate to the expected lung dose rather than the factory-dispensed dose, as at present. The device determines the lung dose. Clearly, therefore, the device should be considered an integral part of the prescription. Drug approval processes should clearly specify the device, and discourage the use of other devices. This would rationalize the choice of devices. Important new insights into factors essential for drug delivery to the airways have been acquired in recent years. Nasal inhalation increases systemic bioavailability, reduces lung dose, and adds to its variability; hence, face masks to prevent nasal breathing have been developed. Similarly, dead space in the inspiratory line causes a proportional reduction in lung dose; hence, attention should be paid to reducing such dead space. Plastics in spacers cause a rapid loss of drug due to electrostatic attraction of the aerosol. The residence time of the aerosol, i.e., the time available for inhalation, is increased in nonelectrostatic spacers, allowing less compliant children enough time to obtain a full dose. Eliminating the electrostatic charge can change the lung dose by several times; hence, nonelectrostatic materials should be used in future spacer devices. Compliance is the biggest problem in drug delivery to children. The inhaler design process should be reversed, adapting technology to the child. Interactive microchip technology should provide intelligent devices that react to correct handling and breathing maneuvers. An intelligent nebulizer has been developed that adapts nebulization to the child's breathing pattern, nebulizing only during inhalation and avoiding loss of aerosol during exhalation. An automatic device (AirPac) has been developed that transforms a dry-powder inhaler, Turbuhaler, into a spacer. In addition to the general advantages of spacer treatment, this device offers the advantage of a drug aerosol delivered without use of propellants or additives. The mechanical actuation ensures highly repeatable drug delivery. Finally, a nonelectrostatic, tower-shaped spacer provides a stable aerosol, which remains airborne for a prolonged period. The spacer is equipped with a face mask that prevents nasal breathing. Such features should improve our ability to treat young children with inhaled drug aerosols.
Squeeze on health budgets should not impact on quality of care
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Cutting costs in the NHS should not mean cutting quality, speakers warned at a debate on how trusts should prepare for a “financial storm” in the next few years.

The debate, organised by health policy think tank the King’s Fund, took place on 9 December, the same day as the chancellor’s pre-budget report, which promised to spare the NHS from swingeing cuts ( BMJ 2009:339:b5428, doi:10.1136/bmj.b5428).

Penny Dash, a qualified doctor and now a partner at consultants McKinsey and Co, said that the rapid increase in healthcare spending over recent years was always going to come to an end and the …
Continued Medical Education Made Easy
Authors: Emanuel Tanay
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The need for continued medical education is universally recognized. Travel seminars organized by drug companies are one dimension of education not discussed by academic circles. In the last few years, I have taken part in two such seminars, anticipating on neither occasion any educational gain of any consequence. The first course concerned the use of antibiotics and took place on Cayman Island. As a psychiatrist, I believe I had little need for any knowledge about antibiotics. I found myself, against my conscious wishes, attending every minute of the scheduled lectures and discussing the topic of antibiotics with other physicians. I was astonished to find that the other physicians, almost without exception, not only attended the seminars but continued to discuss the lectures at a cocktail party, the swimming pool, and on the beach. Having been involved in postgraduate education of physicians for a great many years, I