tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and drugs.
Authors: M. Farrell, J. Strang
Journal: BMJ (1992)

BMY 1992;304:489-91 birthweight at term in the rural Tanzanian village of Ihula. BrJ Obstet Gynaecol 1989;96: 158-66. 14 Seidman DS, Ever-hadani P, Gale R. The effect of maternal weight gain in pregnancy on birthweight. Obstet Gynecol 1989;74:240-6. 15 Dawes MG, Grudzinskas JG. Patterns of maternal weight gain in pregnancy. BrJ Obstet Gynaecol 1991:98:195-201. 16 Altman DG, Hytten FE. Assessment of fetal size and fetal growth. In: Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, eds. Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Vol 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989:411-8. 17 Newcombe RG. Development of obesity in parous women. J Epidemiol Community Health 1982;36:306-9. 18 Greene GW, Smiciklas-Wright H, Scholl TO, Karp RJ. Postpartum weight change: how much weight gained in pregnancy will be lost after delivery? Obstet Gynecol 1988;71:702-7. 19 Samra JS, Tang LCH, Obhrai MS. Changes in body weight between successive pregnancies. Lancet 1988;ii: 1420-1. 20 Rookus MA, Rokebrand P, Burema J, Deurenberg P. The effect of pregnancy on the body mass index 9 months post partum in 49 women. IntJI Obesity 1987;11:609-18. 21 BillewiczNZ,ThomsonAM. Body weight in parous women. BrJPrevSocMed 1970;24:97-104. 22 Cederlof R, Kaij L. The effect of childbearing on body-weight. A twin control study. Acta Psychiatrica Scand 1970;219 (suppl):47-9. 23 Taffel SM, Keppel KG. Advice about weight gain during pregnancy and actual weight gain. AmJ Public Health 1986;76:1396-9. 24 Palmer JL, Jennings GE, Massey L. Development of an assessment form. Attitude towards weight gain during pregnancy. J7 Am Diet Assoc 1985;85: 946-9. 25 Orr RD, Simmons JJ. Nutritional care in pregnancy. The patient's view. 1. Amount, type and sources of dietary advice and treatment. J Am Diet Assoc 1979;75: 126-31. 26 Hytten FE. Restriction of weight gain in pregnancy: is it justified? Journal of Human Nutrition 1979;33:461-3. 27 Campbell DM. Dietary restriction in obesity and its effect on neonatal outcome. In: Campbell DM, Gillmer MDG, eds. Nutrition in pregnancy. Proceedings of the tenth study group of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. London: RCOG, 1983:243-50. 28 Maclntyre S. The management of food in pregnancy. In: Murcott A, ed. The sociology of food and eating: essays on the sociological significance of food. Aldershot: Gower, 1983:57-72. 29 Hytten FE. Weight gain in pregnancy. In: Hytten FE, Chamberlain G. Clinical physiology in obstetrics. Oxford: Blackwell, 1980:193-233.
Lack of High-Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptors in Aggressive Neuroblastomas
Authors: T. Suzuki, E. Bogenmann, H. Shimada, D. Stram, R. C. Seeger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Background : Neuroblastoma is a malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system. Nerve growth factor, which has a major role in development of the sympathetic nervous system, has high-affinity (gp140 TRK-A ) and low-affinity (gp75 NGFR ) cell-surface receptors. We recently reported preliminary study results showing a lack of gp140 TRK-A receptors and rapid disease progression in neuroblastomas, particularly those with amplification of the N-myc (also known as MYCN) proto-oncogene. Purpose : This retrospective study was designed to determine if expression of nerve growth factor receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) was associated with biologic and clinical parameters and with survival in neuro-blastoma. Methods : We obtained 80 untreated primary neuroblastomas that had been snap-frozen and stored after surgical excision. To determine expression of gp140 TRK-A and gp75 NGFR , we performed Northern blot analyses on total RNA from the specimens. Samples from the same specimens were examined for N-myc proto-oncogene amplification, RNA expression, and histologic differentiation, and clinical stage at diagnosis and survival were determined. Results : Of the 80 neuroblastomas, 65 (81%) expressed gp140 TRK-A RNA. However, three (27%) of the 11 tumors with genomic amplificaton and high expression of N-myc RNA and 62 (90%) of the 69 without genomic amplification or detectable N-myc RNA expressed gp140 TRK-A mRNA. The inverse relationship between gp140 TRK-A mRNA and N-myc expression had high statistical significance ( P <.0001). Of the 67 tumors assessable for histologic differentiation, the 13 lacking gp140 TRK-A mRNA were histologically undifferentiated, whereas 19 (35%) of the 54 expressing it were differentiated ( P = .041). Only 10 (53%) of the 19 metastatic (stage IV) tumors expressed gp140 TRK-A mRNA, compared with 90% for other stages ( P = .0003). Survival 2 years after diagnosis was 92%, 78%, and 14% for patients whose tumors expressed high, intermediate, and no gp140 TRK-A mRNA, respectively ( P <.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that N-myc and gp140 TRK-A expression of mRNA and clinical staging were independent predictors of survival. Expression of gp75 NGFR mRNA did not correlate with gp140 TRK-A mRNA expression, histologic differentiation, stage, or survival. Conclusions : The expression of gp140 TRK-A mRNA correlates with distinct biologic and clinical subsets of neuroblastoma, which suggests a role for the high-affinity nerve growth factor receptors in determining the phenotype of neuroblastoma. The absence of gp140 TRK-A mRNA expression, whether or not the N-mycproto-oncogene is amplified, is associated with tumor progression. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85:377–384, 1993]
The Profession's Concern for Professional Competence
Authors: Mahlon Delp
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A PROFESSION "is a body of men who carry on their work in accordance with rules designed to enforce certain standards both for the better protection of its members and for the better service of the public... Its essence is that it assumes certain responsibilities for the competence of its members or the quality of its wares...."<sup>1</sup> Even though Tawney was addressing the business world, we can justly believe he was taking a page from our charter and had in mind our own profession as the one group longest and best meriting such designation within borders of this definition. The quotation here, however, is not chosen for self-adulation, but to suggest the presence of, and the continued need for, preservation of that sense of professional responsibility for competence. The realities of both the historical tradition of concern as well as desire and need require comment. A recent editorial in
US health insurance exchanges are swamped by users
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Heavy user traffic continued to swamp the new health insurance exchanges across the United States three days after the 1 October launch of the online insurance marketplaces created by the Affordable Care Act.

As of Thursday morning seven million unique visitors had logged onto the HealthCare.gov website established by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), which provides information about the program and links to the exchanges that have been set up in each state and the District of Columbia, a CMS spokeswoman said on Thursday.

Traffic was also heavy at the CMS call center, which had received nearly 300 000 calls since midnight on 1 October, and on the center’s web chat service, whose staff …
ABC of monitoring drug therapy. Cyclosporin.
Authors: D. J. Reynolds, J. K. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Monitoring whole blood concentrations of cyclosporin is an important part of treatment since its toxic:therapeutic ratio is very low.Also, the variable pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin among patients make accurate prediction of the initial dosage difficult.This variability results from differences in the drug's absorption, distribution, and clearance. Cyclosporin is primarily used to preventCyclosporin is fat soluble and some of the variability in its disposition Cyclosporin Is primarily used to prevent may result from distribution into body fat.In addition, its apparent the reJection of transplanted organs.volume of distribution may be altered in patients with liver or renal disease.range of other conditions, including Another important aspect in its distribution is that it is highly bound to psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and erythrocytes and plasma lipoproteins.At low blood concentrations (below asthma 80 nmolIl (100 ng/ml)) and when the packed cell volume is low (for example, in patients with kidney failure) the contribution of the plasma bound fraction becomes more important to the disposition of the drug.Cyclosporin is metabolised in the liver and its clearance may therefore be reduced in patients with liver disease.Both cyclosporin and its metabolites are excreted in bile and little cyclosporin appears in the urine.Thus renal impairment does not alter the elimination of cyclosporin. Measurement techniques, .The method of measuring the blood cyclosporin concentration is crucial pto its use in monitoring treatment.TyeBlood cyclosporin concentration is determined by two factors: the a0 4ois element of the blood used for the assay (plasma, serum, or whole blood) and Sp-~t he type of assay.Type ofsample when~~\.A~The distribution of cyclosporin into erythrocytes is temperature blood than in plasma.when measured by radioimmunoassaythan by high performance liquid chromatography it is not as widely used as performance liquid chromatography.radioimmunoassay.
Clinical severe hepatic venoocclusive disease during induction treatment of acute monoblastic leukemia managed with defibrotide
Authors: Osnat Bairey, Ilia Kirgner, Moshe Yakobi, Ashraf Hamdan, Ziv Ben‐Ari, Mati Shaklai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Hepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD) is the most common complication of cytoreductive therapy used for stem cell transplantation, but it is rarely encountered during induction treatment of acute leukemia. We describe a patient in whom severe clinical VOD developed shortly after induction treatment for acute monoblastic leukemia. Administration of intravenous defibrotide for 19 days induced complete resolution of the VOD. Further consolidation treatment was resumed including high‐dose cytosine arabinoside without further complications. Am. J. Hematol. 69:281–284, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collaborative Training Programs in Alcoholism: Psychiatrists and General Practitioners
Authors: PHILIP SOLOMON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The author believes that the general practitioner, as well as the psychiatrist, should treat the alcoholic patient. The general practitioner's reluctance can be overcome with proper educational training in alcohol problems presented in lecture courses, seminar courses, or supervised psychotherapy. The seminar, limited to eight to ten physician-students, is becoming increasingly popular. Additional training in supervised psychotherapy enables the physician-student to use this technique in his own practice.
Respiratory Modulation of Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Yukiko Goso, Hidetsugu Asanoi, Hisanari Ishise, Tomoki Kameyama, Tadakazu Hirai, Takashi Nozawa, Shutaro Takashima, Katsumi Umeno, Hiroshi Inoue
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Sympathoexcitation and respiratory instability are closely related to worsening of chronic heart failure. To elucidate the dynamic nature of respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure, we studied within-breath variation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) under various ventilatory volumes. Methods and Results MSNA, blood pressure, and respiratory flow were recorded in 23 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%. Within-breath suppression of MSNA (neural silence) was found in 11 patients (MSNA bursts: 71±10/100 heartbeats) but not in the remaining 12 patients (MSNA bursts: 88±8/100 heartbeats). Patients without neural silence had a smaller tidal volume (391±70 versus 267±75 mL/m 2 , P &lt;0.01) and a higher respiratory rate (15±2 versus 19±4 breaths/min, P &lt;0.01) during spontaneous respiration than those with neural silence. The relationship between tidal volume and minimal amplitude of MSNA bursts in each breath was obtained during random-interval breathing and fitted by an exponential function. The curve of patients without neural silence was shifted to the right and upward, which suggests that a greater tidal volume was required to suppress MSNA (227±70 versus 437±195 mL/m 2 , P &lt;0.01). Conclusions Sympathoexcitation in patients with chronic heart failure is closely related to both a decrease in resting tidal volume and an attenuated sympathoinhibitory effect of lung inflation reflex.
High plasma levels of soluble P-selectin are predictive of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: results from the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study (CATS)
Authors: Cihan Ay, Ralph Simanek, Rainer Vormittag, Daniela Dunkler, Guelay Alguel, Silvia Koder, Gabriela Kornek, Christine Marosi, Oswald Wagner, Christoph Zielinski, Ingrid Pabinger
Journal: Blood (2008)
Clinical Aspects of Genetic Variability in &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/EMPH&gt;
Authors: Stuart Jon Spechler
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COMMON INFECTIONS OF WOUNDS: TETANUS AND GAS GANGRENE
Authors: C. Frankau
Journal: BMJ (1939)

it is obvious that any wound produced by a missile, what- ever its nature, will be potentially an infected wound.Simple perforating wounds of an exposed portion of the body, not involving the carrying in of infected clothing, may heal by first intention, but such an outcome is rare.Wounds in which the projectile is retained and in which fragments of clothing, etc., are embedded are of necessity infected, the degree of infection depending on the extent of injury to soft parts and bone and the condition of the clothing and skin of the patient.A wound sustained by a soldier dressed in mud-stained uniform in the well-manured fields of Flanders inevitably became heavily infected unless treated energetically within a short time of wounding.The bacteria which may be found in wounds are of many types, and may be divided into two groups.Group 1 consists of the following organisms, any or all of which may be present at the time of wounding: anaerobic spore- forming bacilli-for example, B. welchii, B. sporogenes, and B. tetani; pyogenic cocci-for example, staphylo- cocci; streptococci (haemolytic and non-haemolytic); and organisms of the B. coli group.At a later date Group 2, consisting of staphylococci and streptococci, predominates, and may be the cause of septicaemia; in addition such organisms as B. pyocyaneus may be found as a secondary infection.The spore-bearing anaerobes produce two conditions which are of extreme gravity and require special treat- ment-namely, gas gangrene and tetanus-conditions which will be dealt with in detail later.The pyogenic cocci and organisms of the coli group, etc., are more amenable to simple treatment, have mainly a local effect, although they may be the cause of a septicaemia, and, with one exception, require no special measures apart
Cutaneous mucinosis of infancy: is it a real entity or the paediatric form of lichen myxoedematosus (papular mucinosis)?
Authors: M. Podda, F. Rongioletti, D. Greiner, R. Milbradt, A. Rebora, R. Kaufmann, M. Wolter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We describe a girl presenting with a childhood dermal mucinosis in which we had the unique opportunity to find all the transitional histological features of lichen myxoedematosus (papular mucinosis), from its early focal mucin deposition in the reticular dermis to its late findings of interstitial mucin deposition, dermal fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation. Her father reported having had similar lesions when he was a child, which completely disappeared during adolescence. This case, and a re-evaluation of the literature, suggests that cases of cutaneous mucinosis of infancy that are not hamartomatous conditions such as mucinous naevi are in fact the infantile presentation of lichen myxoedematosus (papular mucinosis) and, in addition to other cases in the literature, suggests a genetic and familial factor in lichen myxoedematosus (papular mucinosis).
Docetaxel loaded oleic acid-coated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles enhance the docetaxel-induced apoptosis through activation of caspase-2 in androgen independent prostate cancer cells
Authors: Yun Luo, You Ling, Wusheng Guo, Jun Pang, Weipeng Liu, Youqiang Fang, Xinqiao Wen, Kun Wei, Xin Gao
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Lung cancer risk in pipe and cigar smokers.
Authors: S P Bohrer
Journal: BMJ (1978)

primary iron storage disease studied here this patient did demonstrate a very slow-moving iron-binding compound on polyacrylamide gels after incubation with ;9Fe.(3) Our choice of the word "abnormal" was unwise as we meant to indicate that the tumour ferritin was different from hepatic ferritin rather than implying a demonstrated functional abnormality.Unfortunately, further studies could not be carried out on this patient but the presence of the tumour ferritin and secondary siderosis (histologically) seemed to warrant the speculation.
Tropical Sprue in Upstate New York
Authors: John S. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A 17-year-old, upstate New York, high school student was found, on his return from two months spent in India, to have tropical sprue. With oral administration of tetracycline and folic acid, clinical, laboratory, and histologic response was rapid and essentially complete within three months. Such a diagnosis should be considered when natives of temperate climates return from visiting or residing in the tropics with diarrhea, weight loss, or other symptoms suggestive of a malabsorption syndrome.
Clinical utility of an adenosine-nitroglycerin tilt test protocol
Authors: Suneet Mittal, Edward J. McNulty, Kenneth M. Stein, Steven M. Markowitz, David J. Stotwiner, Sei Iwai, Mithilesh K. Das, Jennifer D. Cohen, Steven C. Hao, Bruce B. Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Role of the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Rats With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Scott A. Smith, Pradeep P.A. Mammen, Jere H. Mitchell, Mary G. Garry
Journal: Circulation (2003)

In heart failure, there is a sympathetically mediated hyperkinetic cardiovascular response to exercise that limits tolerance to physical activity. Alterations in skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism have led to the hypothesis that the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) becomes hyperactive after the development of cardiomyopathy and contributes to the exaggerated circulatory response elicited.To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: control, sham, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, induced by ischemic injury). Using transthoracic echocardiography, left ventricular fractional shortening was 47+/-2%, 44+/-1%, and 24+/-2% in control, sham, and DCM rats, respectively. Activation of the EPR by electrically induced static muscle contraction resulted in significantly larger increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in DCM animals (32+/-2 mm Hg, 13+/-1 bpm) compared with control (20+/-1 mm Hg, 8+/-1 bpm) and sham (20+/-2 mm Hg, 8+/-1 bpm) rats. Comparable results were obtained with selective stimulation of the mechanically sensitive component of the EPR by passive muscle stretch. The augmentations in EPR and mechanoreflex activity in DCM occurred progressively over a 10-week period, becoming greater as the severity of left ventricular dysfunction increased.In DCM, the potentiated cardiovascular response to static muscle contraction is mediated, in part, by an exaggerated EPR. The muscle mechanoreflex contributes significantly to the EPR dysfunction that develops.
Transforming growth factor β and activin tonically inhibit DNA synthesis in the rat liver
Authors: Takeshi Ichikawa, You-Qing Zhang, Kimitaka Kogure, Yoshihisa Hasegawa, Hitoshi Takagi, Masatomo Mori, Itaru Kojima
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The present study was conducted to assess the role of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and activin(s) in the regulation of the mass of the liver. To this end, we eliminated TGF-β or activin signaling in intact rat liver by adenovirus-mediated transfer of the gene encoding truncated type II TGF-β receptor (AdextTR) or truncated type II activin receptor (AdextAR). In intact rat liver that received a single application of either AdextTR or AdextAR via the portal vein, DNA synthesis as assessed by bromodeoxy uridine (BrdU) labeling was induced. In AdextTR- or AdextAR-treated rats, nuclear labeling was significantly higher than that in AdexLacZ, adenovirus vector encoding Escherichia coli β-galactosidase gene, or saline-treated rats at 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of infusion. The peak of the BrdU labeling was observed after 7 days of infusion and the labeling decreased thereafter. Apoptosis of hepatocytes, assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated, dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling method was detected after 9 days of infusion. Immunoreactivity of TGF-β and activin A increased in the liver after the blockade of the activin or TGF-β signaling. TGF-β and activin A may have been up-regulated when the action of these ligands was blocked. These results indicate that blockade of the action of either TGF-β or activin leads to the initiation of DNA synthesis in intact liver. TGF-β and activin tonically inhibit hepatocyte growth even in intact liver and may play a critical role in the maintenance of constant liver mass.