tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of preterm birth after treatment for CIN
Authors: M. Kyrgiou, M. Arbyn, P. Martin-Hirsch, E. Paraskevaidis
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Underlying mechanisms and contributing factors still need unpicking

Meta-analyses published a few years ago in the Lancet and the BMJ showed an increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).1 2 Since then many studies, from large national linkage to small cohort studies, have confirmed the association. The cause remains unclear; however, potential mechanisms include anatomical changes,3 cicatrisation of the cervix,4 immunological factors, and alterations of the cervicovaginal flora. In a linked research study (doi:10.1136/bmj.e5174), Castanon and colleagues suggest that the increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes may not be attributable solely to the treatment itself but to common risk factors that also predispose to precancerous cervical conditions.5 This retrospective linkage study from 12 quality assured British colposcopy centres evaluated outcomes derived from a sample population of 18 441 births. With a comprehensive analysis aimed at optimising control for possible confounders, the authors again found an association between treatment for CIN and preterm birth, but to a smaller degree than previous estimates.

The differences in the size of the treatment effect across studies may be partly explained by the choice of control population, because women with CIN may have …
Modulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 receptor binding, dimerization, signaling, and angiogenic activity by a synthetic heparin-mimicking polyanionic compound.
Authors: H Q Miao, D M Ornitz, E Aingorn, S A Ben-Sasson, I Vlodavsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans play a key role in cell proliferation induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and other heparin-binding growth factors. To modulate the involvement of HS, we have used a synthetic, nonsulfated polyanionic aromatic compound (RG-13577) that mimics functional features of heparin/HS. FGF-2-stimulated proliferation of vascular endothelial cells was markedly inhibited in the presence of 5-10 microg/ml compound RG-13577 (poly-4-hydroxyphenoxy acetic acid; Mr approximately 5 kD). Direct interaction between RG-13577 and FGF-2 was demonstrated by the ability of the former to compete with heparin on binding to FGF-2. RG-13577 inhibited FGF-2 binding to soluble- and cell surface-FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1). Unlike heparin, RG-13577 alone failed to mediate dimerization of FGF-2. Moreover, it abrogated heparin-mediated dimerization of FGF-2 and FGFR1, as well as FGF-2 mitogenic activity in HS-deficient F32 lymphoid cells. The antiproliferative effect of compound RG-13577 was associated with abrogation of FGF-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of FGFR1 and of cytoplasmic proteins involved in FGF-2 signal transduction, such as p90 and mitogen-activated protein kinase. A more effective inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation was obtained after removal of the cell surface HS by heparinase. In contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of an approximately 200-kD protein was stimulated by RG-13577, but not by heparin or FGF-2. RG-13577 prevented microvessel outgrowth from rat aortic rings embedded in a collagen gel. Development of nontoxic polyanionic compounds may provide an effective strategy to inhibit FGF-2-induced cell proliferation associated with angiogenesis, arteriosclerosis, and restenosis.
Improving the Quality of Hospital Care in America
Authors: Patrick S. Romano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Over the past few years, several large studies have shown,14 and the Institute of Medicine has emphasized,5 that the quality of health care in the United States is not nearly at the level that we should expect from the world's most expensive health care system. Problems with quality are pervasive throughout both outpatient and inpatient settings and may be responsible for thousands of deaths each year.3,4 In this issue of the Journal, Williams and colleagues,6 from the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), present time-series data from their "core measures" program, in which hospitals seeking accreditation . . .
THE VELOCITY OF DISTRIBUTION OF SUCROSE BETWEEN PLASMA AND INTERSTITIAL FLUID, WITH REFERENCE TO THE USE OF SUCROSE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID IN MAN 1
Authors: Norman Deane, George E. Schreiner, James S. Robertson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

2Gaudino (3) has shown that comparison of the rate of disappearance of inulin from the plasma after a single injection and after prolonged, constant infusion yields data which, on mathematical analysis, conform with the assumption that in the latter circumstance the inulin is uniformly distributed through some volume of body fluid.3Lavietes, Bourdillon and Klinghoffer (4) endeavored to measure the extracellular fluid by calculation based on plasma concentration after the intravenous injection of a single dose of sucrose, but Schachter, Freinkel and Schwartz (5) have shown by studies with inulin that such calculations are unreliable because true plasma- interstitial fluid equilibrium never occurs and virtual equilibrium is only momentary.
Ads: O Liberty! what crimes are committed in thy name!
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Would bare breasts make you look twice at a drug company's advertisement? If the answer is yes, then the makers of Taxotere (docetaxel), used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, will probably be very pleased with their advertising agency team.

We doctors are shamelessly manipulated by drug companies in all kinds of ways. Although the methods cover the whole spectrum from subliminal to brazen, from little pens that don't work to pushy reps, the new advert for Taxotere does manage to be both innovative and striking. It is innovative because I've never seen such a display of feminine pulchritude in a medical journal before and striking for the very same reason. Even the adverts for oral contraceptives are usually quite coy, as if they were promoting aerobics rather safe sex.

This advert was not in the Sun , or …
Factors Affecting Adenoidectomy for Otitis Media with Effusion (Glue Ear)
Authors: A Richard Maw
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

One hundred and fifty-five children suffering bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME) and observed for three months have been followed postoperatively for twelve months. Surgery was randomly allocated into three groups: adenotonsillectomy; adenoidectomy; and no surgery. In all cases unilateral myringotomy and grommet insertion was performed. The contralateral unoperated ear was assessed subsequently for clearance of the effusion. Adenoidectomy produced resolution of the effusion in 31–45% of cases at one year, but tonsillectomy conferred no additional benefit. There was improved resolution in those with longer compared with shorter histories, and in older as opposed to younger children. Assessment of preoperative lateral cephalometric radiographs show improved resolution of the effusion following removal of larger, compared with smaller adenoids, but this effect was only demonstrable for three months. The effect of age was longer-lasting for up to one year postoperatively.
'Coreceptor tuning': cytokine signals transcriptionally tailor CD8 coreceptor expression to the self-specificity of the TCR
Authors: Jung-Hyun Park, Stanley Adoro, Philip J Lucas, Sophia D Sarafova, Amala S Alag, Loretta L Doan, Batu Erman, Xiaolong Liu, Wilfried Ellmeier, Remy Bosselut, Lionel Feigenbaum, Alfred Singer
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
Colorectal screening by a self-completion questionnaire.
Authors: P A Farrands, J D Hardcastle
Journal: Gut (1984)

The prevalence and significance of colorectal symptoms within a group of 1533 individuals was assessed using a self-completion questionnaire and results compared with faecal occult blood screening. One hundred and twenty eight individuals listed one or more symptoms, while only 12 had a positive blood occult test. Of the subjects studied, 6.6% had noticed bleeding from the rectum in the last six months, 8.7% diarrhoea, and 12.3% a change in bowel habit. Examination of these individuals revealed one (0.8%) to have an adenoma of the colon. By comparison, occult blood testing identified two patients with carcinoma and four with adenoma. Both of the patients with carcinoma and three out of the four with adenoma had replied negative to the questionnaire suggesting the self-completion questionnaire to be of little value in the early detection of colorectal neoplasia.
Lipoprotein Lipase in the Brain and Nervous System
Authors: Hong Wang, Robert H. Eckel
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2012)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is rate limiting in the provision of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-derived lipids into tissues. LPL is also present in the brain, where its function has remained elusive. Recent evidence implicates a role of LPL in the brain in two processes: (a) the regulation of energy balance and body weight and (b) cognition. Mice with neuron-specific deletion of LPL have increases in food intake that lead to obesity, and then reductions in energy expenditure that further contribute to and sustain the phenotype. In other mice with LPL deficiency rescued from neonatal lethality by somatic gene transfer wherein LPL in the brain remains absent, altered cognition ensues. Taking into consideration data that associate LPL mutations with Alzheimer's disease, a role for LPL in learning and memory seems likely. Overall, the time is ripe for new insights into how LPL-mediated lipoprotein metabolism in the brain impacts CNS processes and systems biology.
Book Review The Political Economy of Healthcare: A Clinical Perspective (Health and Society Series.) By Julian Tudor Hart. 320 pp. Bristol, England, Policy Press, 2006. $80 (cloth); $28.95 (paper). 978-1-86134-809-8 (cloth); 978-1-86134-808-1 (paper).
Authors: Leon Eisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
CASE OF URTICARIA PIGMENTOSA FOLLOWING CHICKEN-POX.
Authors: ALBERT WOLDERT
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Case 3,—Mrs. L. V., aged 48, was examined September 3. There had been no tuberculosis in her family. She has coughed and expectorated profusely during the past year. She is pale, anemic and considerably emaciated. There is an extensive tuberculosis over right upper lobe, and bacilli in sputum. September 9: Attempted injection of nitrogen; pleural cavity obliterated by adhesions; the needle entered the lung tissue and there was blood-streaked sputum for a short time after the puncture. Case 4.—Mr. W. H., aged 20, was examined September 3. His mother died of tuberculosis at the age of 32; he has coughed about 4 years; has afternoon elevations of temperature and occasional night sweats. Examination shows that he has a good physique; face flushed; temp. 101 F. in forenoon. There is an area of dulness over the right apex. There are numerous
Characterization of a novel missense mutation E637K in the pore-S6 loop of HERG in a patient with long QT syndrome
Authors: K Hayashi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: In a 32-year-old woman with marked QT prolongation (QTc=0.61 s) and repeated episodes of syncope, we identified a single pertinent base substitution (G to A at 1909) in HERG by genetic analysis. This novel missense mutation is predicted to cause an amino acid substitution of lysine for glutamic acid at position 637 (E637K) in the pore-S6 loop. Therefore, we investigated the role of a glutamic acid at the vicinity of the pore in HERG channels by mutating it to a lysine. Methods: We characterized the electrophysiological properties of the E637K mutation using a Xenopus oocyte heterologous expression system. Results: Injection of the E637K mutant cRNA alone into Xenopus oocytes did not result in any expression of detectable currents. Coexpression of wild-type (WT) and E637K (E637K/WT) elicited only about 30% of the control peak tail current that was expected from expression of WT alone. Kinetic analyses revealed that E637K/WT decelerated the rate of channel activation and enhanced steady-state inactivation. Furthermore, the reversal potentials at low concentrations of K+ showed a positive shift in oocytes injected with E637K/WT compared with WT alone. Conclusions: These results indicated that the E637K mutation causes apparent dominant negative suppression of WT HERG channel function and suggest that E637 at the Pore-S6 is a crucial component of the activation and inactivation gate of HERG channels.
New global strategy on infant feeding needs to be flexible
Authors: J. Lanigan, J. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—We are concerned about the responses to a press release issued by the World Health Organization that announced the conclusions and recommendations of an expert consultation convened to examine current recommendations on feeding infants.1 The consultation recommended exclusive breast feeding for six months, with introduction of complementary foods and continued breast feeding thereafter—a change from the previous recommendation to breast feed exclusively for four to six months.2

This change in the WHO's stance confirms the need for evidence based guidelines. The 1995 recommendations are still current policy,2 and it …
Regulatory defects in liver and intestine implicate abnormal hepcidin and Cybrd1 expression in mouse hemochromatosis
Authors: Martina Muckenthaler, Cindy N. Roy, Ángel O. Custodio, Belén Miñana, Jos deGraaf, Lynne K. Montross, Nancy C. Andrews, Matthias W. Hentze
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
<i>TSLC1</i> Is a Tumor Suppressor Gene Associated with Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Hong Lok Lung, Arthur Kwok Leung Cheung, Dan Xie, Yue Cheng, Fung Mei Kwong, Yoshinori Murakami, Xin-Yuan Guan, Jonathan Shuntong Sham, Daniel Chua, Alexey I. Protopopov, Eugene R. Zabarovsky, Sai Wah Tsao, Eric J. Stanbridge, Maria Li Lung
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

In up to 87% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) clinical tumor specimens, there was either down-regulation or loss of TSLC1 gene expression. Using a tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining, the frequency of down-regulated or loss of expression of TSLC1 in metastatic lymph node NPC was 83% and the frequency of loss of expression of TSLC1 was 35%, which was significantly higher than that in primary NPC (12%). To examine the possible growth-suppressive activity of TSLC1 in NPC, three NPC cell lines, HONE1, HNE1, and CNE2, were transfected with the wild-type TSLC1 gene cloned into the pCR3.1 expression vector; a reduction of colony formation ability was observed for all three cell lines. A tetracycline-inducible expression vector, pETE-Bsd, was also used to obtain stable transfectants of TSLC1. There was a dramatic difference between colony formation ability in the presence or absence of doxycycline when the gene is shut off or expressed, respectively, with the tetracycline-inducible system. Tumorigenicity assay results show that the activation of TSLC1 suppresses tumor formation in nude mice and functional inactivation of this gene is observed in all the tumors derived from tumorigenic transfectants. Further studies indicate that expression of TSLC1 inhibits HONE1 cell growth in vitro by arresting cells in G(0)-G(1) phase in normal culture conditions, whereas in the absence of serum, TSLC1 induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that TSLC1 is a tumor suppressor gene in NPC, which is significantly associated with lymph node metastases.
A third of Europeans have mental health disorder, study shows
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In any one year more than a third of Europeans have a mental health disorder, but most cases go untreated, finds a major new study.

The study, which covered 30 countries—those of the European Union and Switzerland, Iceland, and Norway—is said to be the first to depict “comprehensively” the size and burden of mental disorders across the European Union ( European Neuropsychopharmacology 2011;21,655-79, doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018).

The study, which included previously published research, reanalyses of existing data, national surveys, and expert opinion, covered 27 diagnoses of mental health disorder made between the late 1980s and 2010 according to criteria of the ICD-10 (international classification of diseases, 10th revision) and the DSM-IV ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth revision). 

The …
Both TMEM16F-dependent and TMEM16F-independent pathways contribute to phosphatidylserine exposure in platelet apoptosis and platelet activation
Authors: Roger van Kruchten, Nadine J. A. Mattheij, Christine Saunders, Marion A. H. Feijge, Frauke Swieringa, Jef L. N. Wolfs, Peter W. Collins, Johan W. M. Heemskerk, Edouard M. Bevers
Journal: Blood (2013)
Neurotrophic factor GDNF promotes survival of salivary stem cells
Authors: Nan Xiao, Yuan Lin, Hongbin Cao, Davud Sirjani, Amato J. Giaccia, Albert C. Koong, Christina S. Kong, Maximilian Diehn, Quynh-Thu Le
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Stem cell-based regenerative therapy is a promising treatment for head and neck cancer patients that suffer from chronic dry mouth (xerostomia) due to salivary gland injury from radiation therapy. Current xerostomia therapies only provide temporary symptom relief, while permanent restoration of salivary function is not currently feasible. Here, we identified and characterized a stem cell population from adult murine submandibular glands. Of the different cells isolated from the submandibular gland, this specific population, Lin-CD24+c-Kit+Sca1+, possessed the highest capacity for proliferation, self renewal, and differentiation during serial passage in vitro. Serial transplantations of this stem cell population into the submandibular gland of irradiated mice successfully restored saliva secretion and increased the number of functional acini. Gene-expression analysis revealed that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) is highly expressed in Lin-CD24+c-Kit+Sca1+ stem cells. Furthermore, GDNF expression was upregulated upon radiation therapy in submandibular glands of both mice and humans. Administration of GDNF improved saliva production and enriched the number of functional acini in submandibular glands of irradiated animals and enhanced salisphere formation in cultured salivary stem cells, but did not accelerate growth of head and neck cancer cells. These data indicate that modulation of the GDNF pathway may have potential therapeutic benefit for management of radiation-induced xerostomia.
Family Covenants and Genetic Testing: Utilizing the Skills Of Counseling Professionals in Implementing Family Covenants
Authors: E. Virginia Lapham
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2001)

(2001). Family Covenants and Genetic Testing: Utilizing the Skills Of Counseling Professionals in Implementing Family Covenants. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1-2.
Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: LEONARD S. DREIFUS, ROBERT HAIAT, YOSHIO WATANABE, JAIME ARRIAGA, NORMAN REITMAN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

A case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome associated with ventricular fibrillation is presented. The control of recurrent ventricular fibrillation with large doses of digitalis and other antiarrhythmic drugs, including propranolol, lidocaine, procainamide, and quinidine, is discussed. As far as we can determine, this is the first human case in which the precise onset of ventricular fibrillation was documented. Possible mechanisms are presented that may produce ventricular fibrillation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome associated with atrial flutter or fibrillation.
DERMATITIS, DUE TO FACIAL CREAM, CAUSED BY METHYL HEPTINE CARBONATE
Authors: Morris J. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Previous to the introduction of the patch test as a means for investigation, it was rather difficult to proceed toward a diagnosis of eczematous eruptions. However, since then, the field of testing for idiosyncrasy has been opened to unlimited possibilities and together with a thorough history sometimes leads to results that are gratifying to the physician and almost dramatic to the patient.  REPORT OF CASE  A woman complained of a severe dermatitis and angioneurotic edema of the face. The eyes were puffed and almost closed. The entire face and neck were covered with a marked erythema and a small papular eruption. The itching and discomfort were intense. She had previously had several such attacks, which would clear up in about five days following the application of local soothing lotions.  On questioning it was discovered that all the attacks had occurred on Saturday nights, lasting usually until the following Tuesday. It was
ON WAR NEPHRITIS AND SOME CIRCUMSTANCES INCIDENTAL THERETO
Authors: T. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1917)

WAR NEPHRITIS.THU DarrrW haemagglutinin content may serve as an indication thlat othier collateral chianges-tlhat is, increase in antibodies and opsonins-are also occuirring in the same blood serum.Fuirtlier, pus cells from a wouud in a patient whose blood serum contains lhaemagglutinins freqtuently contain iniaested red corpuscles.The pus cells in the presence of thle iso-haemaggiutinins (or the opsonlinis if thiese are separate bodies) tencd to become auto-haemagglutinative and ingest their own red cells.PuLs cells from -wounds in patients -whose blood 'ser'utm containis nio haem- agglutinin do not phiaaocytose their own-red cells.It is probable that the red cell destriction anid anaemiia which accompany systemic inlfection in certain.cases are associated withi a blood serum and liquior puris of a haenmagglutinative clharacter.In conlnexion withi tihis inquiry, I wish to acklowledge Iiind lhelp from my colleagues in miiilitary lhospitals and from Dr. 1Iackarell, pathiologist to the Leicester loyal Infirmary.The figuLres in thie special plate are reproduced frorm photographs.
ACCF/ACG/AHA 2010 Expert Consensus Document on the Concomitant Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Thienopyridines: A Focused Update of the ACCF/ACG/AHA 2008 Expert Consensus Document on Reducing the Gastrointestinal Risks of Antiplatelet Therapy and NSAID Use
Authors: Neena S. Abraham, Mark A. Hlatky, Elliott M. Antman, Deepak L. Bhatt, David J. Bjorkman, Craig B. Clark, Curt D. Furberg, David A. Johnson, Charles J. Kahi, Loren Laine, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Eamonn M. Quigley, James Scheiman, Laurence S. Sperling, Gordon F. Tomaselli
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Fluorescein-aided endomicroscopy for detection of signet ring cell carcinoma
Authors: H. Neumann, M. Vieth, J. Siebler, T. Bernatik, M. Neurath, F. Boxberger
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Confocal laser endomicroscopy is rapidly emerging as a new key technology for in vivo diagnosis, for example of Barrett's esophagus, celiac disease, and colonic polyps and their neoplastic counterparts [1]. Also, various studies have shown the potential of endomicroscopy for in vivo diagnosis of gastric cancer [2] [3]. However, fluorescein-aided endomicroscopic diagnosis of cancer can only detect architectural changes, because fluorescein does not provide direct nuclear visualization, and the appreciation of nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio or pleomorphic nuclear changes cannot be used for diagnosis and grading of intraepithelial neoplasia. An alternative fluorescence agent, acriflavine hydrochloride, which is topically applied via standard spraying catheters, enables direct visualization of nuclei, but concerns about a potential mutagenic risk have been raised [1].