tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carl John Williams
Authors: Simon Carley, Gary Boland
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Geoffrey Barker first worked in a neurological team dealing with head injuries from the D-Day landings.In 1948 he joined Tooting Bec Hospital, introducing an opendoor policy in the day hospital and setting up the art therapy department.He specialised in women's mental health and drug abuse, and during 1967-72 was medical administrator.Geoffrey was a tutor at the Tavistock Clinic and held a child guidance fellowship at Guy's Hospital.He was adviser to the Arts Council, chairman of the Dyslexia Teaching Centre, and a founding member of the Alzheimer's Society.On his retirement he continued to work with the Alzheimer's Society, running a carers group from his home for many years, and for MIND, Crossroads, and Carers UK.A Barker
CA-125 as a Screening Test for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Peter M. Gocze
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Helzlsouer et al<sup>1</sup>concludes that CA-125 levels are not sensitive enough to screen for ovarian cancer. We believe that this test is an effective screening tool if used correctly. In their study, Helzlsouer et al<sup>1</sup>used a single CA-125 determination from 1974 as an indicator of cancer incidence for the next 14 years. They used 35 U/mL as the level predictive of probable ovarian cancer. Two problems in experimental design critically weaken their conclusions. First, screening with CA-125 or any other test is not done once every 14 years. With only a single CA-125 determination measured as many as 14 years before the woman developed ovarian cancer, it is not surprising that significant numbers of women with cancer had CA-125 levels that were normal. The test preceded the cancer by too many years. Using an upper normal limit of 30 U/mL and
Paracrine interaction between hepatocytes and macrophages after extrathyroidal proteolysis of thyroglobulin
Authors: K Brix, R Wirtz, V Herzog
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Thyroglobulin (Tg), the precursor of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 ), is known to derive from thyroid epithelial cells. Part of Tg reaches the circulation as an intact molecule by transcytosis across the epithelial wall of thyroid follicles. Circulating Tg is a potential ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor of hepatocytes. In this report we show, however, that clearance of circulating Tg occurred exclusively by endocytosis in liver macrophages, whereas hepatocytes did not participate in this process. The biological significance of this Tg uptake by the macrophages might consist in an increase of thyroid hormones in close proximity to the macrophages, thereby affecting the hepatocyte metabolism. To test this hypothesis, co-cultures of hepatocytes and macrophages were incubated with Tg, which resulted in the release of thyroid hormones and in a significant increase in the activity of lipogenesis and of hepatocellular key enzymes of the hexose monophosphate shunt. This effect of Tg could be mimicked by equivalent amounts of T 3 or T 4 exclusively in the co-cultures. When hepatocytes were incubated with thyroid hormones in the absence of macrophages, no or only little effect was observed, indicating that the interaction of macrophages and hepatocytes was a prerequisite for the stimulation of the hepatocellular metabolism. We conclude that the paracrine effect on HepG2 cells results from the degradation of Tg in J774 cells. Apparently, this process is not confined to the release of thyroid hormones, but it requires the interaction of both cell types, possibly mediated by an additional, as yet unknown stimulus.
Hepatoma-derived growth factor is highly expressed in developing liver and promotes fetal hepatocyte proliferation
Authors: H Enomoto
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a heparin-binding protein, which has been purified from the conditioned media of HuH-7 hepatoma cells. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of HDGF in development of the kidney and cardiovascular systems. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that HDGF was also involved in liver development. Northern blot and immunostaining revealed unique expression patterns of HDGF in liver development. HDGF expression was strongly detected in the fetal liver of the midgestation stage and was markedly decreased near birth. Its expression was mainly detected in stromal cells, including immature hepatocytes. Expression in hepatocytes decreased with differentiation. Administration of recombinant HDGF enhanced the growth of primary cultured fetal hepatocytes significantly, although the effect was small. The effect of exogenous HDGF on the proliferation of neonatal hepatocytes was also small and significant only at one point, despite the lower expression of endogenous HDGF, suggesting that the differences exist between fetal and neonatal hepatocytes. However, adenoviral introduction of HDGF antisense cDNA into the fetal hepatocytes significantly suppressed their proliferation, and the inhibitory effect of HDGF antisense virus was reversed by exogenous HDGF. In conclusion, HDGF helps regulate the hepatocyte proliferation in liver development. (HEPATOLOGY2002;36:1519–1527).
The repertoire of somatic antibody mutants accumulating in the memory compartment after primary immunization is restricted through affinity maturation and mirrors that expressed in the secondary response.
Authors: U Weiss, K Rajewsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)acetyl (NP) response is dominated by lambda 1 chain-bearing antibodies expressing the VH gene V186.2 in combination with the D element DFL16.1. lambda 1-positive B cells were isolated from the spleens of mice immunized with NP-chicken gamma globulin 6 wk earlier. Rearranged V186.2 genes were amplified from the genomic DNA of these cells and sequenced. In cases where the rearrangement was typical for secondary anti-NP antibodies, the VHDJH sequences were generally heavily mutated. The frequency and the nature of the nucleotide exchanges mirrored those of secondary response antibodies. V186.2 genes with other rearrangements and V186.2-related genes isolated concomitantly were essentially unmutated. These results demonstrate: (a) that somatic antibody mutants are largely restricted to a small compartment of peripheral B cells, namely, that of memory cells; (b) that the memory compartment is strongly selected for high affinity precursors and largely purged from antigen-binding loss mutants; and (c) that the repertoire of binding specificities expressed in the secondary response is established in its final form before secondary immunization.
Prevalence Rates of Respiratory Symptoms in Italian General Population Samples Exposed to Different Levels of Air Pollution
Authors: G. Viegi, P. Paoletti, L. Carrozzi, M. Vellutini, E. Diviggiano, C. Di Pede, G. Pistelli, G. Giutini, M. D. Lebowitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

We surveyed two general population samples aged 8 to 64 living in the unpolluted, rural area of the Po Delta (northern Italy) (n = 3289) and in the urban area of Pisa (central Italy) (n = 2917). Each subject filled out a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire. The Pisa sample was divided into three groups according to their residence in the urban-suburban areas and to outdoor air pollution exposure (automobile exhaust only or industrial fumes as well). Significantly higher prevalence rates of all the respiratory symptoms and diseases were found in Pisa compared with the Po Delta. In particular, rhinitis and wheezing symptoms were higher in all the three urban zones; chronic cough and phlegm were higher in the zone with the automobile exhaust and the additional industrial exposure. Current smoking was more frequent in the rural area, but the urban smokers had a higher lifetime cigarette consumption. Childhood respiratory trouble and recurrent respiratory illnesses were evenly distributed. Exposure to parental smoking in childhood and lower educational level were more frequent in Po Delta, whereas familial history of respiratory/allergic disorders and work and indoor exposures were more often reported in the city. Multiple logistic regression models estimating independently the role of the various risk factors showed significant odds ratios associated with residence in Pisa for all the symptoms but chronic phlegm. For example, those living in the urban-industrial zone had an odds ratio of 4.0 (4.3-3.7) for rhinitis and 2.8 (3.0-2.6) for wheeze with respect to those living in the Po Delta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of skin barrier function and sensory nerve electric current perception threshold between IgE-high extrinsic and IgE-normal intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis
Authors: T. Mori, K. Ishida, S. Mukumoto, Y. Yamada, G. Imokawa, K. Kabashima, M. Kobayashi, T. Bito, M. Nakamura, K. Ogasawara, Y. Tokura
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Two types of atopic dermatitis (AD) have been proposed, with different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this seemingly heterogeneous disorder. The extrinsic type shows high IgE levels presumably as a consequence of skin barrier damage and feasible allergen permeation, whereas the intrinsic type exhibits normal IgE levels and is not mediated by allergen-specific IgE. Objectives To investigate the relationship between pruritus perception threshold and skin barrier function of patients with AD in a comparison between the extrinsic and intrinsic types. Methods Enrolled in this study were 32 patients with extrinsic AD, 17 with intrinsic AD and 24 healthy individuals. The barrier function of the stratum corneum was assessed by skin surface hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and pruritus perception was evaluated by the electric current perception threshold (CPT) of sensory nerves upon neuroselective transcutaneous electric stimulation. Results Skin surface hydration was significantly lower and TEWL was significantly higher in extrinsic AD than intrinsic AD or normal controls. Although there was no statistically significant difference in CPT among extrinsic AD, intrinsic AD and normal controls, CPT was significantly correlated with skin surface hydration and inversely with TEWL in intrinsic AD and normal controls, but not extrinsic AD. Finally, CPT was correlated with the visual analogue scale of itch in the nonlesional skin of patients with extrinsic but not intrinsic AD. Conclusions Patients with extrinsic AD have an impaired barrier, which increases the pre-existing pruritus but rather decreases sensitivity to external stimuli. In contrast, patients with intrinsic AD retain a normal barrier function and sensory reactivity to external pruritic stimuli.
Unsuspected Second Malignancy Detection by FDG PET Scan
Authors: Archi Agrawal, Narendra Nair, Ramesh Agrawal, Nawab S. Baghel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A whole body F-18 FDG PET scan was done on a 45-year-old man with a small cell carcinoma of the left lung for a metastatic survey. Imaging showed intense uptake in the left lung (maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 8.32 corrected for body weight), at the site of the primary and in the hilar lymph nodes. Focal intense uptake was also seen in the rectum (SUVmax of 21.73 corrected for body weight). No anatomic imaging for the pelvis was done, as the patient had no bowel symptoms. Posttreatment PET scan done 9 months after the first scan showed significant reduction in the primary mass in the lung (SUVmax 4.45) but an increase in the rectal mass (SUVmax 83.22). He now complained of bleeding per rectum. Colonoscopy and CT scan of the abdomen showed a mass in the rectum, which on biopsy revealed invasive adenocarcinoma.
Carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy were similarly effective in severe symptomatic stenosis
Authors: Mark J.W. Koelemay
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Eckstein HH, Ringleb P, Allenberg JR, et al. Results of the Stent-Protected Angioplasty versus Carotid Endarterectomy (SPACE) study to treat symptomatic stenoses at 2 years: a multinational, prospective, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:893-902. 18774746
Reduced DNA synthesis in non-responsive coeliac disease.
Authors: M Elmes
Journal: BMJ (1977)

observers have noted, that night visiting rates are higher in the north of England and in Scotland.2 -4 Finally, while congratulating Mr Buxton and his colleagues on their excellent paper, I consider their last paragraph to be mistaken.Each doctor must decide, and then take responsibility for, any action following a request for a night call.This will depend on his knowledge of the patient and the circum- stances, and not on any 'consensus' of explicit criteria.
Human pDCs preferentially sense enveloped hepatitis A virions
Authors: Zongdi Feng, You Li, Kevin L. McKnight, Lucinda Hensley, Robert E. Lanford, Christopher M. Walker, Stanley M. Lemon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Unlike other picornaviruses, hepatitis A virus (HAV) is cloaked in host membranes when released from cells, providing protection from neutralizing antibodies and facilitating spread in the liver. Acute HAV infection is typified by minimal type I IFN responses; therefore, we questioned whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which produce IFN when activated, are capable of sensing enveloped virions (eHAV). Although concentrated nonenveloped virus failed to activate freshly isolated human pDCs, these cells produced substantial amounts of IFN-α via TLR7 signaling when cocultured with infected cells. pDCs required either close contact with infected cells or exposure to concentrated culture supernatants for IFN-α production. In isopycnic and rate-zonal gradients, pDC-activating material cosedimented with eHAV but not membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase, suggesting that eHAV, and not viral RNA exosomes, is responsible for IFN-α induction. pDC activation did not require virus replication and was associated with efficient eHAV uptake, which was facilitated by phosphatidylserine receptors on pDCs. In chimpanzees, pDCs were transiently recruited to the liver early in infection, during or shortly before maximal intrahepatic IFN-stimulated gene expression, but disappeared prior to inflammation onset. Our data reveal that, while membrane envelopment protects HAV against neutralizing antibody, it also facilitates an early but limited detection of HAV infection by pDCs.
Minimally invasive treatment of benign complete stenosis of colorectal anastomosis
Authors: G. Donatelli, V. Ceci, F. Cereatti, A. Bruni, F. Salvatori, S. Minervini, F. Fiocca
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

The most frequent complications of colorectal surgery are leaks and stenosis, which occur with a frequency of 0.3 % –30 % [1] [2]. Strictures are commonly treated with conservative treatments such as balloon dilatation, endoscopic incision, and placement of self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) [3] [4] [5]. Two patients with complete colorectal anastomotic closure were successfully treated with an endoscopic–radiologic rendezvous procedure.
UK major trauma outcome study.
Authors: J. Wardrope
Journal: BMJ (1992)

incidents jointly with the British Association for Accident and Emergency Medicine.The association organises courses on major incidents, and the five day course on immediate care includes formal training on the same subject.The diploma in immediate medical care of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh examines candidates on skills gained in these courses.The courses and the diploma are much more relevant to on site medical services at major incidents than the much promoted advanced trauma life support courses, which relate to the care of a single patient by a single doctor in hospital.4We believe that the key issues are, firstly, that the person serving as medical incident officer must be properly trained in managing major incidents and must participate regularly in exercises with colleagues from other services; and, secondly, that members of site medical teams must regularly work outside hospital on the many cases of trauma seen in day to day practice.
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CORTISONE IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Frederick G. Germuth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Cortisone markedly suppressed the cardiovascular and renal lesions of serum sickness type hypersensitivity which ordinarily develop following the intravenous injection of bovine albumin. The inhibitory effect of cortisone on the allergic granulomatous lesions of the spleen was less striking; the lesions were less extensive, but the percentage of animals affected was unchanged. Cortisone in the dosage employed had no effect on the elimination of antigen following its intravenous administration or on the appearance of circulating antibody. These findings indicate that inhibition of the lesions of serum sickness by cortisone does not depend on the suppression of antibody production. Therefore, it is inferred that cortisone somehow protects the animal from the damaging effects of antigen-antibody union.
VISUAL DISTURBANCES PRODUCED BY TRYPARSAMIDE
Authors: ALAN C. WOODS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The toxic phenomena observed in experimental animals following the administration of certain organic pentavalent arsenical compounds, such as atoxyl, arsacetin and tryparsamide, are largely centered in the central nervous system.<sup>1</sup>After large doses, animals develop tremors, incoordination of movements and, in some cases, clonic spasms. When atoxyl and arsacetin were first employed for the treatment of syphilis and trypanosomiasis in man, similar neurotoxic effects, especially characterized by damage to the optic nerve, were observed. A number of patients developed amblyopia and subsequent atrophy of the optic nerves following their use. Because the potential therapeutic value of these drugs was not commensurate with the gravity of this toxic manifestation, they were abandoned as syphilotherapeutic agents. Tryparsamide, applied to the treatment of trypanosomiasis in man by Pearce,<sup>2</sup>also showed a tendency to produce visual disturbances. In her series of seventy-seven patients with trypanosomiasis, nine developed visual impairment. In three of
AMS Three&amp;ndash;Piece Inflatable Implants for Erectile Dysfunction: A Long&amp;ndash;Term Multi&amp;ndash;Institutional Study in 200 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Francesco Montorsi, Patrizio Rigatti, Giorgio Carmignani, Carlo Corbu, Biagio Campo, Giorgio Ordesi, Guglielmo Breda, Pasquale Silvestre, Bruno Giammusso, Giuseppe Morgia, Alessandra Graziottin
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Preclinical efficacy and safety of mepolizumab (SB-240563), a humanized monoclonal antibody to IL-5, in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Timothy K. Hart, Richard M. Cook, Parnian Zia-Amirhosseini, Elisabeth Minthorn, Teresa S. Sellers, Beverly E. Maleeff, Scot Eustis, Lester W. Schwartz, Ping Tsui, Edward R. Appelbaum, Elise C. Martin, Peter J. Bugelski, Danuta J. Herzyk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Responses of nonhuman primates to a polybrominated biphenyl mixture.
Authors: L K Lambrecht, D A Barsotti, J R Allen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

In a series of experiments, rhesus monkeys have been given in their diets 0.3, 1.5, and 25 ppm of a commercial polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) (as FireMaster FF-1). The seven adult female monkeys receiving 0.3 ppm PBB have been on the treatment regime for 15 months and have consumed over 22 mg of PBB. During the initial 6 months of exposure, they lost weight and 2 of the animals develop sterile abscesses. At 6 months, 4 of the 7 animals had flattened and lengthened serum progesterone peaks. This change was correlated with an increase in length of their menstrual cycles. After 6 months of PBB exposure, the animals were bred. Two of the 7 animals showed excessive and prolonged implantation bleeding. Two abortions and 5 live births were recorded. All of the experimental infants were smaller than the controls at birth. The animals receiving a diet containing 1.5 ppm PBB for 36 weeks (total intake 70 mg) have shown a moderate weight loss and decrease in serum cholesterol. Similar changes have also been recorded in the group given the 25 ppm PBB diet for 14 weeks (approximately 500 mg total intake). In addition, these animals have also developed a hyperplastic gastritis.
Sepsis Therapy Trials
Authors: Edward Abraham
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Solid experimental and clinical data place interleukin 1 (IL-1) directly in the midst of the cascade of mediators leading to organ system dysfunction and death in sepsis. For example, infusion of IL-1 into animals produces hypotension and organ system dysfunction, a pattern similar to that seen clinically in severe infection.<sup>1</sup>Increased circulating levels of IL-1 appear to signal a poor prognosis in patients with sepsis.<sup>2</sup>In several animal models of endotoxemia or bacteremia, survival is improved when the actions of IL-1 are blocked by infusion of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra).<sup>3,4</sup>Perhaps most important, an unblinded, placebo-controlled study of IL-1ra therapy in critically ill patients with sepsis demonstrated a reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality from 44% in the placebo group to 16% in patients receiving high-dose IL-1ra therapy.<sup>5</sup> See also p 1836. In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Fisher et al<sup>6</sup>report the
Trials in palliative care
Authors: G. Rinck, J. Kleijnen, T. G A M Van Den Bos, H. J C J M De Haes, E. Schade, C. H N Veenhof
Journal: BMJ (1995)

and V and no significant decrease by men in socioeconomic group V or women in socioeconomic group III.Our data do not exclude the future impact of health publicity or, indeed, of a reduction or cessation in advertising on smoking by lower socioeconomic groups, and we think it important that there should be research into and evaluation of health promotion and advertising aimed at these groups.
Imaging Estrogen Receptors with 99mTc -Labeled Estradiol
Authors: Ali Azhdarinia, Saady Kohanim, David J. Yang, Dong-Fang Yu, Richard Mendez, Chang-sok Oh, Mithu Chanda, Edmund E. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Scientific Abstracts: Eight Poster Presentations for the 50th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Chapter of the Society of Nuclear Medicine: PDF Only
Efficacy of Chronic Propranolol Therapy in Action Tremors of the Familial, Senile or Essential Varieties
Authors: Gerald F. Winkler, Robert R. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A double-blind, cross-over study of oral propranolol versus placebo in 24 patients with action tremors of the familial, senile or essential varieties showed propranolol to be very useful in the treatment of at least 75 per cent of such patients. It is particularly helpful in relieving disability produced by tremor of the upper limbs. Even if tremor cannot be totally suppressed propranolol may benefit the patient if the amplitude of tremor is decreased to the point where it no longer interferes with writing, eating, drinking or the other activities of daily living. It is more effective than alcohol in some patients and is the first agent to produce satisfactory suppression of severe action tremor without undue sedation or the risk of addiction. Finally, in no case was it necessary to discontinue therapy because of adverse reactions. Propranolol is not effective against nonaction tremors. (N Engl J Med 290:984–988, 1974)