tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Not for Students Only
Authors: Nanette K. Wenger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 July 1994Not for Students OnlyNanette K. Wenger, MDNanette K. Wenger, MDEmory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA 30303Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The contemporary challenge to the practicing physician is to maintain clinical competence by serial updating of relevant medical knowledge. Such learning is best accomplished when it relates to a specific problem identified in the course of patient care. This concept has guided the cognitive component of my teaching during medical ward rounds in a university teaching hospital.Our ward team includes a third-year medical student, two first-year residents (or a subintern, or both), and the supervising second- or third-year ward resident. In addition to the traditional case presentation of each patient discussed at teaching rounds, the junior ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA 30303 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNanette Kass Wenger, MD: a conversation with the editor**This series of interviews are underwritten by an unrestricted grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb. 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1Page: 76KeywordsComputersInformation retrievalLibrariesPatientsSigns and symptoms Issue Published: 1 July 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
QUANTITATIVE ANTISTREPTOKINASE STUDIES IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI: A COMPARISON WITH SERUM ANTISTREPTOLYSIN AND GAMMA GLOBULIN LEVELS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE OCCURRENCE OF RHEUMATIC FEVER 1
Authors: Harold C. Anderson, Henry G. Kunkel, Maclyn McCarty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)
Book: Fast Food Nation: What the All-American Meal is Doing to the World
Authors: C. W. Jung
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Eric Schlosser Penguin Books, £6.99, pp 400 ISBN 0 14 100687 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> According to Fast Food Nation , Eric Schlosser's exhaustive account of the fast food industry in the United States, Americans spend more on fast food than on movies, books, magazines, newspapers, videos, and recorded music—combined. “In 1970, Americans spent about $6 billion on fast food; in 2000, they spent more than $110 billion,” the book begins. Schlosser, a writer for Atlantic Monthly , spent two years delving into virtually every corner of this sprawling and pervasive industry. He went to the meatpacking plants that dot the Great Plains, where legions of undocumented Hispanic workers risk life and limb daily to … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
The Differential Role of L1 in Ovarian Carcinoma and Normal Ovarian Surface Epithelium
Authors: Silvia Zecchini, Marco Bianchi, Nicoletta Colombo, Roberta Fasani, Giovanni Goisis, Chiara Casadio, Giuseppe Viale, Jinsong Liu, Meenhard Herlyn, Andrew K. Godwin, Paolo G. Nuciforo, Ugo Cavallaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) arises from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), a monolayer of poorly differentiated epithelial cells that lines the ovary. The molecular mechanisms underlying EOC invasion into the surrounding stroma and dissemination to the peritoneum and to retroperitoneal lymph nodes are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the expression and the functional role of the cell adhesion molecule L1 during EOC development. In patient-derived samples, L1 was expressed both in OSE and in a subset of EOC, in the latter being mostly restricted to the invasive areas of the tumors. The expression of L1 correlated significantly with poor outcome and with unfavorable clinicopathologic features of the disease. The peculiar expression pattern of L1 in normal OSE and invasive EOC raised the possibility that this adhesion molecule serves a different function in nontransformed versus neoplastic ovarian epithelial cells. Indeed, we showed that in OSE cells L1 supports cell-cell adhesion and enhances apoptosis, whereas it has no effect on cell proliferation and invasion. In contrast, L1 inhibits cell-cell adhesion and apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells, where it promotes malignancy-related properties, such as cell proliferation, Erk1/2-dependent and phosphoinositide 3-kinase–dependent invasion, and transendothelial migration. Interestingly, a crosstalk with the fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling is implicated in the promalignant function of L1 in tumor cells. Our findings point to L1 as an EOC biomarker correlating with poor prognosis, and highlight a switch in L1 function associated to the neoplastic transformation of ovarian epithelial cells, thus implicating L1 as a potential therapeutic target. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1110–8]
Hypoxia induced disruption of the cardiac endothelial glycocalyx: implications for capillary permeability
Authors: B. J Ward, J. L Donnelly
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to determine the effect of hypoxia on the ultrastructure of the endothelial glycocalyx of cardiac capillaries. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were perfused with oxygenated or hypoxic Krebs solution for 30 min after equilibration with oxygenated medium. They were then perfused with a cationic marker (ruthenium red, lanthanum nitrate, or cationised ferritin) to delineate the cardiac endothelial glycocalyx in the electron microscope. With ruthenium red and lanthanum, perfusions were carried out both in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin. Ferritin perfused hearts were used to quantify changes in the glycocalyx as a result of hypoxia and to measure the cross sectional area of the endothelial cells. Results: In all the hearts perfused with well oxygenated solution, all three markers showed an even, electron dense layer on the luminal surface of the capillaries. With ruthenium red and lanthanum (but not with ferritin), the marker was occasionally observed throughout the length of the interendothelial clefts and on the albuminal surface. After 30 min hypoxic perfusion, both ruthenium red and lanthanum showed disruption and irregular clumping of the glycocalyx, with or without albumin. Ferritin, however, showed a sparse and uneven layer. Measurements of endothelial cell area showed that some cells from hypoxic hearts were swollen when compared with controls. Measurements of the percentage of luminal membrane covered by ferritin molecules showed a significant loss of glycocalyx in hypoxic hearts. There was, however, no correlation between loss of glycocalyx and endothelial cell swelling. Conclusions: The endothelial cell glycocalyx of continuous capillaries is sensitive to changes in Po2. The disruption of this surface coat may explain the reported increase in capillary permeability in hypoxia. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:384-389
Notes on 215 Cases of Enteric Fever
Authors: Wm. C. Bosanquet
Journal: BMJ (1899)

ENTERIC FEVER.]BETWEEN the years I890-98 (inclusive) there have been treated in Charing Cross Hospital 215 cases of enteric fever, those remaining under treatment at the end of the year I898 not being counted.Of these cases, 131 were males and 84 females, the disproportion being probably due to the relative number of beds available for each sex in the hospital.Age.-The ages of the patients may be' tabulated as follows:Age.I to Io.II to 20. 21to 30.3I to 40.
Randomised controlled trial of laparoscopic versus mini cholecystectomy
Authors: J.S. Barkun, J.S. Sampalls, G. Fried, M.J. Wexler, J.L. Meakins, B. Taylor, A.N. Barkun, C.A. Goresky, A.N. Barkun, J.S. Sampalis, None The McGille Gallstone Treatment Group
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Insulin Response in a Triethnic Population: Effects of Sex, Ethnic Origin, and Body Fat: The Miami Community Health Study
Authors: Richard P Donahue, Judy A Bean, Rosemary A DeCarlo Donahue, Ronald B Goldberg, Ronald J Prineas
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To assess sex and ethnic differences in hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance and to examine the impact of percent body fat on such differences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional epidemiological study was performed in a normoglycemic population of African-Americans (n = 159), Cuban Americans (n = 128), and non-Hispanic whites (n = 207) who resided in Dade County, Florida, from 1990 to 1995. The insulin area under the curve (AUC) in response to a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used as an indicator of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance. Analysis of covariance was performed to compare sex and ethnic differences in the insulin AUC. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the independent correlates of the insulin AUC. RESULTS After covariate adjustment for percent body fat, men displayed a significantly higher insulin AUC than did women (P &amp;lt; 0.001). African-Americans and Cuban-Americans each had a significantly higher insulin AUC than did non-Hispanic white participants (P = 0.01). Alcohol consumption was inversely related to AUC (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Despite the greater percentage of body fat in women, the insulin AUC was similar in women and men. After adjustment for the sex difference in percent body fat, women displayed a lower insulin AUC than did men, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity. These differences by sex and ethnicity in insulin resistance are consistent with established differences in heart-disease risk (i.e., higher in men and African-Americans) and suggest that hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance may partly underlie such differences.
MMP9 induction by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 is involved in lung-specific metastasis
Authors: Sachie Hiratsuka, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Shinobu Iwai, Masato Murakami, Takeshi Itoh, Hiroshi Kijima, J.Michael Shipley, Robert M Senior, Masabumi Shibuya
Journal: Cancer Cell (2002)
[269] THE SIZE OF LARGEST NODULE - NOT THE NUMBER OF NODULES - IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF RECURRENCE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: L. Marelli, A. Grasso, R. Stigliano, F. Morisco, H. Martines, A.P. Dhillon, D. Patch, B.R. Davidson, K. Rolles, A.K. Burroughs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
THE BACTERIOLOY AND BACTERIOTHERAPY OF RENAL CALCULUS AND ITS SEQUELS
Authors: A. P. OHLMACHER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In interpreting sphj'gmobolometric measurements it is evident that WC must carefully distinguish between work accomplished and functional capacity.The instru¬ ment measures not the_ amount of work which Ihe heart is capable of performing under increased demand, bul Ihe amount which ils actually performs at a given moment : for example.Ibe work of a healthy person's systole while silling quiet may he very small, bul the vigorous demand oí severe muscular exercise will show in a much higher li"iire for (W), a capacity for a greatly increased work: whereas a functionally damaged heart may show a diametrically opposite condition, a much higher ligure while al rest, but a prompt fall after even moderate muscular exercise, such as climbing nne flight of stairs.Clinical experience will soon show whether this uew method is to bring valuable help in estimating Ihe char¬ acter and capacity oí the circulation, lirsl in varied dis¬ eases and second in following Ihe course of a disease like pneumonia or typhoid fever, which-,BO often lays an unduly heavy tax on the circulation..
Fluid Flow Inhibits Endothelial Adhesiveness
Authors: Philip S. Tsao, Ricardo Buitrago, Jason R. Chan, John P. Cooke
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background In the arterial tree, regions exposed to reduced shear stress (low and/or disturbed flow) are predisposed to atherogenesis. Fluid flow is a potent stimulus for the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). Because NO inhibits monocyte–endothelial cell interaction, we speculated that the effects of flow in inhibiting atherogenesis might be mediated in part by NO. Methods and Results Confluent monolayers of human aortic endothelial cells were exposed to static or fluid flow conditions for 4 hours. The medium was replaced, and cells were then incubated with native LDL (50 μg/mL), oxidized LDL (30 μg/mL), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/mL) + tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (10 U/mL) for an additional 4 hours. Functional binding assays using THP-1 monocytes were then performed. Superoxide production by human aortic endothelial cells was monitored by lucigenin chemiluminescence, and expression of the adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were quantified by flow cytometry. Whereas native LDL had little effect, incubation with either oxidized LDL or LPS/TNF-α significantly increased superoxide production, nuclear factor-κB activity, VCAM-1 expression, and endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes. Previous exposure to fluid flow inhibited these sequelae of exposure to cytokines or oxidized lipoprotein. The effect of fluid flow appears to be due in part to shear-induced release of NO, because coincubation with nitro- l -arginine completely abolished these effects of flow. Furthermore, the NO donor PAPA-NONOate and 8-Br-cGMP (but not 8-Br-cAMP) mimicked the effects of flow. Conclusions Previous exposure to fluid flow decreased cytokine- or lipoprotein-stimulated endothelial cell superoxide production, VCAM-1 expression, and monocyte binding; the effects of flow appear to be due to NO. Flow-mediated NO-dependent regulation of oxidant-responsive transcription may influence the site of a lesion.
Quality and Cost of Student Lunches Brought From Home
Authors: Michelle L. Caruso, Karen W. Cullen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

The nutritional quality and cost of lunches brought from home are overlooked and understudied aspects of the school food environment.To examine the quality and cost of lunches brought from home by elementary and intermediate school students.An observational study was conducted in 12 schools (8 elementary and 4 intermediate) in one Houston, Texas, area school district from October 6, 2011, to December 5, 2011. Participants included 242 elementary and 95 intermediate school students who brought lunches from home.Lunches brought from home.Foods brought and amounts eaten were recorded along with student grade level and sex. Nutrient and food group content were calculated and compared with current National School Lunch Program (NSLP) guidelines. Per-serving prices for each item were collected from 3 grocery stores in the study area and averaged.Compared with the NSLP guidelines, lunches brought from home contained more sodium (1110 vs ≤640 mg for elementary and 1003 vs ≤710 mg for intermediate students) and fewer servings of fruits (0.33 cup for elementary and 0.29 cup for intermediate students vs 0.50 cup per the NSLP guidelines), vegetables (0.07 cup for elementary and 0.11 cup for intermediate students vs 0.75 cup per the NSLP guidelines), whole grains (0.22-oz equivalent for elementary and 0.31-oz equivalent for intermediate students vs 0.50-oz minimum per the NLSP guidelines), and fluid milk (0.08 cup for elementary and 0.02 cup for intermediate students vs 1 cup per the NSLP guidelines). About 90% of lunches from home contained desserts, snack chips, and sweetened beverages, which are not permitted in reimbursable school meals. The cost of lunches from home averaged $1.93 for elementary and $1.76 for intermediate students. Students from lower-income intermediate schools brought significantly higher-priced ($1.94) lunches than did students from middle-income schools ($1.63).Lunches brought from home compared unfavorably with current NSLP guidelines. Strategies are needed to improve the nutritional quality of lunches brought from home.
The response of seborrhoeic dermatitis to ketoconazole
Authors: G.P. FORD, P.M. FARR, F.A. IVE, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study was made of ketoconazole 200 mg daily in nineteen patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis. All had scalp lesions and sixteen had seborrhoeic dermatitis at other sites. Responses were measured by clinician and patients independently, using a linear analogue scale. Body and scalp lesions and itch regressed considerably and significantly with ketoconazole in all but five patients, three of whom subsequently responded to a higher dose. The patients studied with seborrhoeic dermatitis had been sent by their family doctors in answer to a request for patients with dandruff, and the clinical difference between the two was found to be only of degree. Three patients with dandruff without erythema were studied separately using the same study design: all three responded similarly to those with seborrhoeic eczema. It is concluded that Pityrosporum yeast infection is the immediate cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis and that dandruff is its mildest manifestation.
Purification of rat hepatic stellate cells by side scatter-activated cell sorting
Authors: Albert Geerts, Toshiro Niki, Karine Hellemans, Dirk De Craemer, Kit Van Den Berg, Jean-Marc Lazou, Geert Stange, Marnix Van De Winkel, Pieter De Bleser
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

In this study, we present a new method to obtain pure, viable, freshly isolated hepatic stellate cells. Stellate cells were purified by cell sorting using their high side scatter (SSC) of incident light. Purity of the cells was established by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Starting from stellate cells that were 50% to 70% enriched by centrifugation in 11% Nycodenz, the cell purity after sorting was found to be 96.6% ± 2.9%. Viability of the sorted cells was 90.8% ± 2.2% as measured by the Trypan blue exclusion test and was confirmed by cell culturing. Per hour of sorting, 1.4 ± 0.4 million stellate cells were obtained. Sorting runs of up to 4 hours were practically feasible, resulting in yields of 5 to 6 million cells per rat liver. Cells attached to plastic substratum within 24 hours. Subsequently, they spread and underwent spontaneous transition into myofibroblast-like cells. The purity of sorted cells was documented by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments using specific primer pairs for messenger RNA (mRNA) species that were only present in parenchymal (preproalbumin), endothelial (endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase [eNOS]), stellate (desmin), or Kupffer cells (77- to 88-kd fucose receptor). Contaminating mRNA species were absent in sorted stellate cells. Next, we examined freshly sorted stellate cells by Western blotting to confirm the presence of relevant cytoskeletal proteins. Cells were positive for vimentin, desmin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), but negative for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Sorted and cultured cells were immunophenotyped for the presence of collagen types I, III, and IV, laminin, and the cytoskeletal proteins, α-SMA, desmin, vimentin, and GFAP. At 90 hours in culture, cells expressed all the investigated extracellular matrix proteins. Desmin was present in 82%± 1%, vimentin in 96%± 2.5%, and GFAP in 91% ± 4.5% of cells. α-SMA was present in 91% ± 2% of cultured cells. We conclude that cell sorting based on SSC of incident light is a convenient method to obtain virtually pure stellate cells that can be used for direct analysis or for culturing. Although the yields obtained with this method are lower than with standard methods, and additional equipment is required, SSC-activated sorting offers the possibility of very pure cells when essential for analyses based on sensitive detection methods such as RT-PCR.
The relationship of blood- and urine-boron to boron exposure in borax-workers and usefulness of urine-boron as an exposure marker.
Authors: B D Culver, P T Shen, T H Taylor, A Lee-Feldstein, H Anton-Culver, P L Strong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Daily dietary-boron intake and on-the-job inspired boron were compared with blood- and urine-boron concentrations in workers engaged in packaging and shipping borax. Fourteen workers handling borax at jobs of low, medium, and high dust exposures were sampled throughout full shifts for 5 consecutive days each. Airborne borax concentrations ranged from means of 3.3 mg/m3 to 18 mg/m3, measured gravimetrically. End-of-shift mean blood-boron concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 0.26 microgram/g; end-of-shift mean urine concentrations ranged from 3.16 to 10.72 micrograms/mg creatinine. Creatinine measures were used to adjust for differences in urine-specific gravity such that 1 ml of urine contains approximately 1 mg creatinine. There was no progressive increase in end-of-shift blood- or urine-boron concentrations across the days of the week. Urine testing done at the end of the work shift gave a somewhat better estimate of borate exposure than did blood testing, was sampled more easily, and was analytically less difficult to perform. Personal air samplers of two types were used: one, the 37-mm closed-face, two-piece cassette to estimate total dust and the other, the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler to estimate inspirable particulate mass. Under the conditions of this study, the IOM air sampler more nearly estimated human exposure as measured by blood- and urine-boron levels than did the sampler that measured total dust.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in Black Americans
Authors: Richard F. Gillum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and the greatest contributor to excess mortality among black Americans in the 1990s.14 Rates of death from cardiovascular causes among black Americans are among the highest in the industrialized world.3 Age-adjusted rates of death from coronary heart disease, the largest component of cardiovascular disease, have declined less rapidly among Americans of African origin than among Americans of European origin, so that in African-American men as well as women, these rates now exceed those of their European-American counterparts.5 Our understanding of the ethnic distribution of cardiovascular disease and the appropriate public health . . .