tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Kallmann Syndrome
Authors: Elliott Eisenbud
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  I would like to share with your readers a fairly common case in which the unhappy outcome might have been averted with proper planning.  Report of a Case.—  A 27-year-old man was seen at another hospital for cellulitis. He was a prepubertal male as confirmed by history and physical examination. Laboratory evaluation disclosed low testosterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone levels, and semen analysis showed aspermia. The finding of anosmia confirmed the diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome. 1 Treatment was started with testosterone enanthate, 200 mg every three weeks.  Four months later, the patient moved and was seen at an endocrine clinic for further care. History and results of physical and endocrine evaluations confirmed the diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome. He appeared stable psychosocially and was tolerating his puberty without apparent problems. The testosterone therapy was continued at the same dose, but ten days later, he attacked and stabbed two
Thousands of UK patients visited hospital emergency units more than 10 times in 2012-13
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A BBC investigation has found that nearly 12 000 people in the United Kingdom attended the same accident and emergency unit more than 10 times in 2012-13. Just over 150 patients attended more than 50 times each.

Cliff Mann, president of the College of Emergency Medicine, said that repeated use of hospital emergency services for non-emergencies was adding to pressure on the NHS.

Although the number of frequent attendees is small compared with the …
Management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS): guideline from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and the Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED)
Authors: M. Dinis-Ribeiro, M. Areia, A. de Vries, R. Marcos-Pinto, M. Monteiro-Soares, A. O’Connor, C. Pereira, P. Pimentel-Nunes, R. Correia, A. Ensari, J. Dumonceau, J. Machado, G. Macedo, P. Malfertheiner, T. Matysiak-Budnik, F. Megraud, K. Miki, C. O’Morain, R. Peek, T. Ponchon, A. Ristimaki, B. Rembacken, F. Carneiro, E. Kuipers
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and epithelial dysplasia of the stomach are common and are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. In the absence of guidelines, there is wide disparity in the management of patients with these premalignant conditions. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), the European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG), the European Society of Pathology (ESP) and the Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED) have therefore combined efforts to develop evidence-based guidelines on the management of patients with precancerous conditions and lesions of the stomach (termed MAPS). A multidisciplinary group of 63 experts from 24 countries developed these recommendations by means of repeat online voting and a meeting in June 2011 in Porto, Portugal. The recommendations emphasize the increased cancer risk in patients with gastric atrophy and metaplasia, and the need for adequate staging in the case of high grade dysplasia, and they focus on treatment and surveillance indications and methods.
Controlled trial of cimetidine in upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
Authors: S J La Brooy, J J Misiewicz, J Edwards, P M Smith, S J Haggie, L Libman, M Sarner, J H Wyllie, J Croker, P Cotton
Journal: Gut (1979)

One hundred and one patients were studied in a double-blind controlled trial to assess the role of oral cimetidine in preventing the continuation or recurrence of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from various sources, chiefly peptic ulcer. The dose of cimetidine was 800 mg on entering the study followed by 400 mg six hourly. The source of bleeding was identified endoscopically in 96% of patients, peptic ulcer comprising 70%. Bleeding continued or recurred in 11 of 51 (21.5%) of patients on cimetidine and in 12 of 50 (24%) of patients on placebo. Analysis of the effect of cimetidine according to age or severity of bleeding showed no significant advantage for the drug.
Abstract 1016: Bortezomib (Velcade) induces p27Kip1 expression through S-phase kinase protein 2 degradation in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Azhar Hussain, Rong Bu, Prashant Bavi, Maqbool Ahmed, Khadija A.S. Al-Obaisi, Saif Al-Sobhi, Abdulrahman Al-Nuaim, Mohammed Ahmed, Tarek Amin, Shahab Uddin, Khwala S. Al-Kuraya
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract S-phase kinase protein 2 (SKP2), an F-box protein, targets cell cycle regulators including cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 via ubiquitin-mediated degradation. SKP2 is frequently overexpressed in a variety of cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of SKP2 and its ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) in a panel of PTC cell lines, a large cohort PTC patient samples and NUDE mouse model using tissue microarray, MTT, flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assays and western blotting. Our data showed that bortezomib caused a dose-dependent growth inhibition in all cell lines studied. The IC 50 was 83.7nM and 61.4nM for B-CPAP1 and TPC-1 respectively. Cell cycle assay showed that the sub-G1 population of B-CPAP1 cell increased from 4.09% in untreated control sample to 36.74% after 25nM treatment for 2 days and 71.91% after 50nM treatment for 2 days. Further confirmation using FITC-conjugated Annexin V and PI assay showed that apoptotic cell increased form 8.43% in untreated cells to 47.6% and 64.82% after 25nM and 50nM treatment respectively in B-CPAP1 cells and from 12.72% in control to 48.16% and 64.02% in TPC-1 cells, indicating a dose-dependent apoptosis induced in both cell lines. Treatment of PTC cell line cells with bortezomib or expression of small interfering RNA of SKP2 caused down-regulation of SKP2 and accumulation of p27Kip1. Furthermore, treatment of PTC cells with bortezomib caused apoptosis by involving the mitochondrial pathway and activation of caspases-9 and 3, and cleavage PARP. Pretreatment with zVAD-fmk abrogated bortezomib induced apoptosis. In addition, treatment of PTC cells with bortezomib down-regulated the expression of XIAP, cIAP1, and survivin. Currently the animal study and data analysis of patient samples are still ongoing. Our preliminary results suggest that SKP2 and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway may be potential targets for therapeutic intervention for treatment of TPC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1016. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1016
Failure in community care: psychiatry's dilemma
Authors: J. Coid
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Health care professionals will be more accountable for failures in the future

After decades of scandals associated with substandard care in institutions1 come scandals in the community. Concern has mounted as fears for the plight of abandoned mentally ill people on the streets2 and in remand prisons3 have been overshadowed by a series of incidents in which discharged patients have harmed themselves or others.4 5 The media have seen through political policy and professional dogma that state that the mental hospitals can close and seriously mentally ill people can be conveniently and easily managed in the community. Some health care professionals have argued that more resources are the answer. But others privately doubt the suitability of community care for a substantial minority of patients and suspect that unquestioning enthusiasm for its implementation has contributed to the current problem.

The response of the secretary of state for health has been to make professionals more accountable for these failures in the future. Detained patients will be subject to supervised discharge, whereby a named professional is directly responsible for their care.6 A treatment and follow up plan must precede discharge, and subsequent failure to comply with conditions will result in a review of the case and a multidisciplinary meeting to decide whether the patient should be recalled to hospital under the powers of the Mental Health Act 1983. No new resources are being provided to set up supervision registers or to meet the inevitable increase in sessional commitment from health and social services professionals. There are no guidelines on what …
A mitochondrial targeted two-photon iridium(III) phosphorescent probe for selective detection of hypochlorite in live cells and in vivo
Authors: Guanying Li, Qian Lin, Lingli Sun, Changsheng Feng, Pingyu Zhang, Bole Yu, Yu Chen, Ya Wen, Hui Wang, Liangnian Ji, Hui Chao
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Remember the null hypothesis
Authors: Steve Ramplin
Journal: BMJ (2007)

1<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Consecutive testing of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is usually employed to identify genetic variants associated with complex traits. Ideally one should model all covariates in unison, but most existing analysis methods for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) perform only univariate regression. <h3>Results</h3> We extend and efficiently implement iterative hard thresholding (IHT) for multiple regression, treating all SNPs simultaneously. Our extensions accommodate generalized linear models (GLMs), prior information on genetic variants, and grouping of variants. In our simulations, IHT recovers up to 30% more true predictors than SNP-by-SNP association testing, and exhibits a 2 to 3 orders of magnitude decrease in false positive rates compared to lasso regression. We also test IHT on the UK Biobank hypertension phenotypes and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1966 cardiovascular phenotypes. We find that IHT scales to the large datasets of contemporary human genetics and recovers the plausible genetic variants identified by previous studies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our real data analysis and simulation studies suggest that IHT can (a) recover highly correlated predictors, (b) avoid over-fitting, (c) deliver better true positive and false positive rates than either marginal testing or lasso regression, (d) recover unbiased regression coefficients, (e) exploit prior information and group-sparsity and (f) be used with biobank sized data sets. Although these advances are studied for GWAS inference, our extensions are pertinent to other regression problems with large numbers of predictors.
Premenstrual exacerbation of asthma.
Authors: C J Gibbs, I I Coutts, R Lock, O C Finnegan, R J White
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Questionnaires and twice daily peak expiratory flow measurements were used to evaluate the effects of the menstrual cycle in asthmatic women. Forty per cent of women reported premenstrual deterioration in their symptoms and this was confirmed by peak flow recordings. No correlations were found between premenstrual exacerbation of asthma and symptoms of premenstrual tension, consumption of aspirin, use of the contraceptive pill, cycle length, or behaviour of asthma during pregnancy.
Second allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia: a multicenter study from the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Di Midollo Osseo (GITMO)
Authors: A Bosi, S Bacci, R Miniero, F Locatelli, D Laszlo, G Longo, A Busca, MT Van Lint, P Di Bartolomeo, A Amici
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
An Outbreak of Hepatitis B in Members of a High School Sumo Wrestling Club
Authors: Seizaburo Kashiwagi
Journal: JAMA (1982)

SPREAD of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is due mainly to exposure to previously contaminated needles or infected blood, and transmission is also fostered by close contact with persons who are viremic with HBV. Although it is well recognized that chronic HBV carriers are the source of HBV in ongoing chains of infection, an exact mechanism of person-to-person transmission of HBV has not yet been clarified. We report an outbreak of hepatitis B in which the source of infection was traced to a sumo wrestler with HBV, and the transmission of the virus was due to skin contact while wrestling. <h3>Hepatitis B Outbreak</h3> In a one-year period (February 1979 to January 1980), hepatitis developed in five of ten members of a high school sumo wrestling club in Nakatsu City, Oita prefecture, Japan. Hepatitis developed in the first patient in mid-February 1979. The second case developed on July 3,1979, and the third
Anastomotic integrity after operations for large-bowel cancer: a multicentre study.
Authors: L P Fielding, S Stewart-Brown, L Blesovsky, G Kearney
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Clinically evident anastomotic dehiscence was studied in 1466 patients who had undergone resection of a large-bowel adenocarcinoma. The overall incidence of anastomotic leakage was 13%, but the incidence varied between surgeons (range 0.5% to over 30%). Morbidity and mortality were significantly higher in those patients in whom the anastomosis failed to heal primarily. If these results are extrapolated to the national level, it should be possible by achieving results closer to those in patients without leakage to reduce overall post-operative mortality after resection of large-bowel cancer by 2% and to achieve an appreciable reduction in morbidity. Both factors are clinically important and, taken together, could result in appreciable saving of revenue.
A child with knee pain
Authors: J. Adu, M. Nixon, A. Bass
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 13 year old boy presented to the accident and emergency department because he was unable to bear weight on his left leg and had a history of pain in the left knee. The pain began 10 days before, after a fall, at which time he had a dull pain in his knee but was still able to bear weight. Three days before his attendance he tripped again, and after this injury, the pain had become more severe and he was unable to bear weight.

He was otherwise healthy, with no history of joint problems. He was not particularly active or sporty and had a body mass index of 25.6.

On examination, he was in moderate pain and was unable to bear weight. Both knees were normal, but his left leg was shortened and externally rotated, with no evidence of bruising or injury. Examination of his left hip showed limitation of flexion, abduction, and, in particular, internal rotation because of pain. All other joint examinations were unremarkable. He underwent radiography (fig 1⇓).





### 1 What type of radiograph is this and what does it show?

#### Short answer

Figure 1 is a “frog lateral” radiograph and it shows a widened physis and malalignment of the epiphysis and proximal femoral metaphysis (fig 2⇓), confirming the diagnosis of a left slipped upper femoral epiphysis.



Fig 2 Frog lateral radiograph showing a widened physis and malalignment of the epiphysis and proximal femoral metaphysis on the left side



#### Long answer

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis is the transphyseal displacement of the upper femoral epiphysis from the metaphysis.1 Frog lateral (while the patient is supine with both knees flexed, soles …
Mucins in Lung Cancer: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Imayavaramban Lakshmanan, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Muzafar A. Macha, Dhanya Haridas, Prabin Dhangada Majhi, Sukhwinder Kaur, Maneesh Jain, Surinder K. Batra, Apar Kishor Ganti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Medieval Woman's Guide to Health: The First English Gynecological Handbook
Authors: Madeleine Pelner Cosman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Scholars, like politicians, often accentuate simple peripheral problems while ignoring important central ones. More scholarly energy and ink have been spent on whether the writer of a popular 11th-century gynecology treatise was the woman physician of Salerno named Trotula than on the influential text itself. Beryl Rowland's pleasing<i>Medieval Woman's Guide to Health</i>goes directly to the central point: it is a 15th-century "English Trotula" resplendent in bilingual edition, Middle English and modern. It also has 12 black-and-white illustrations of medieval birth scenes, and 16 amusing womb drawings of fetuses in unnatural or dangerous birth presentations. The book is a treasure for modern practitioners interested in medicine's estimable past, for historians of medicine, science, and culture, and for feminists. With familiar medieval clinical sophistication, the text considers abnormal menses, prolapsed uterus, impediments to conception, difficult childbirth, inflation of breasts, and leg swelling during pregnancy; and it suggests the baths, salves,
African Traditional Healers
Authors: H. Trowell
Journal: BMJ (1971)

This is the first book written primarily for vocational trainees in general practice, and trainers, actual and prospective, will find it invaluable in planning teaching programmes.It presents succinctly all administrative in- formation trainees need to know-the section on the Mental Health Act (1959) concentrates on Sections 25, 26, and 29 and wisely leaves out other irrelevant parts, and that on the Abortion Act (1967) is similarly to the point.The clinical chapters are excellent because they are obviously written from experience and not, as so often in textbooks, merely copied from previously authoritative authors.One may disagree with some of the opinions expressed-in "Family Planning", for ex- ample, that a prescription for the contracep- tive pill should never be issued to school- children, or in "Ear, Nose and Throat
Trichomonas vaginalis Infections Treated with "Penotrane"
Authors: G. H. Platt, J. Seaman, J. W. Hadgraft
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA BRETISH complete assessment of liver function should be made in all cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura before splenectomy is advised.In Traisman, Wheeler, and Fager's (1950) three cases of virus hepatitis in infancy one child had a platelet count of 30,000.The occurrence of purpura haemorrhagica in the above case of inf,ective hepatitis may therefore have in- volved two precipitating factors-a virus infection and liver disease.It is likely, as Ackroyd states in his review of thrombocytopenia in acute infections, that fundamentally the haemorrhages are due to tissue sensitivity, and it was shown in this patient that the thrombocytopenia and the increased capillary fragility were more in evidence in the initial stages of the infection.It is suggested that when a haemorrhagic tendency is present in a virus hepatitis the presence of thrombocytopenia and increased capillary fragility improves the otherwise serious prognosis, provided, of course, that haemorrhage into a vital organ, such as occurred in one of Ackroyd's (1949) cases, does not arise.
Detection of Acutely Impaired Microvascular Reperfusion After Infarct Angioplasty With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Andrew J. Taylor, Nidal Al-Saadi, Hassan Abdel-Aty, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Daniel R. Messroghli, Matthias G. Friedrich
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Despite the reopening of the infarct-related artery (IRA) with infarct angioplasty, complete microvascular reperfusion does not always ensue.We performed cardiovascular MRI (CMR) in 20 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients within 24 hours of successful infarct angioplasty and 10 control patients without obstructive coronary artery disease on a clinical 1.5-T CMR scanner. Three-month follow-up CMR in AMI patients evaluated the impact of abnormal reperfusion on recovery of function. Infarction was localized by delayed contrast hyperenhancement and impaired systolic thickening. Microvascular perfusion was assessed at rest by first-pass perfusion CMR after a bolus of gadolinium-DTPA by use of the time to 50% maximum myocardial enhancement. Whereas contrast wash-in was homogeneous in control patients, AMI patients exhibited delays in the hypokinetic region subtended by the IRA compared with remote segments in 19 of 20 patients, with a mean contrast delay of 0.9+/-0.1 seconds (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.2 seconds). At follow-up, the mean recovery of systolic thickening was lower in segments with a contrast delay of 2 seconds or more (10+/-7% versus 39+/-4%, P<0.001). A contrast delay > or =2 seconds and infarction >75% transmurally were independent predictors of impaired left ventricular systolic thickening at 3 months (P=0.002 for severe contrast delay, P=0.048 for >75% for transmural infarction).CMR detects impaired microvascular reperfusion in AMI patients despite successful infarct angioplasty, which when severe is associated with a lack of recovery of wall motion.
Dysmegakaryopoiesis of FPD/AML pedigrees with constitutional RUNX1 mutations is linked to myosin II deregulated expression
Authors: Dominique Bluteau, Ana C. Glembotsky, Anna Raimbault, Nathalie Balayn, Laure Gilles, Philippe Rameau, Paquita Nurden, Marie Christine Alessi, Najet Debili, William Vainchenker, Paula G. Heller, Remi Favier, Hana Raslova
Journal: Blood (2012)
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Mediate a Host Defense Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1
Authors: Tatsuya Saitoh, Jun Komano, Yasunori Saitoh, Takuma Misawa, Michihiro Takahama, Tatsuya Kozaki, Takuya Uehata, Hidenori Iwasaki, Hiroko Omori, Shoji Yamaoka, Naoki Yamamoto, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI): a new opportunity for scientific collaboration between academia and industry at the European level
Authors: N. Kamel, C. Compton, R. Middelveld, T. Higenbottam, S-E. Dahlén
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The introduction of truly new drug treatments is dwindling to a troublesome extent in all fields of medicine, at the same time as the costs for drug development are skyrocketing. New strategies are urgently required as old schemes for drug development are failing. The largest European public–private partnership in biomedical research, the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), is therefore launched. IMI is a unique pan-European research and development (R&D) initiative with the strategic focus of strengthening the competitiveness of European Union (EU)-based biopharmaceutical industry by, amongst other activities, supporting research that aims at a faster discovery and development of safer and more effective medicines for patients.

The founding organisations of this new legal entity are the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) 1 and the European Commission (EC). The partnership is a \#8364;2 billion joint venture, which will be set up to run over the next 10 yrs. The funding system is balanced 1:1; the EC will contribute funding and the industry will contribute in kind, for instance by providing access to specialised expertise and platform approaches. Public consortia made up of universities, hospitals, regulatory authorities, small- and medium-sized biopharmaceutical and healthcare companies (or SMEs) and patient organisations will, on a competitive basis, be able to apply for funding; if this is approved, it will be matched by equal in-kind resources from the EFPIA members.

The overarching objectives of IMI have been outlined in a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) of IMI 2, which was developed over the past 3 yrs by the Research Directorate of the EC and EFPIA via numerous consultations that included stakeholders, such as academic scientists, regulatory authorities and patient groups.

The legal act on IMI was adopted by the Council in December 2007 and was published in the Official Journal of the European Union in February 2008 …
Use of the Asthma Control Questionnaire by the Asthma Clinical Research Network
Authors: M.J. Walter, M. Castro, E. Israel, C.A. Sorkness
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

In our original report previously published in the European Respiratory Journal ( ERJ ) [1], the Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) utilised an unauthorised modified version of the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)# administered over the telephone to demonstrate that the severity of a cold measured within the first 2 days was a predictor of subsequent worsening of asthma control. We subsequently …