tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Raised Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Asymptomatic Hyperlipidaemia
Authors: L. E. Bottiger, L. A. Carlson, L.-G. Ekelund, A. G. Olsson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In 101 subjectively healthy persons, who at a routine health examination were found to be markedly hyperlipidaemic, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (E.S.R.) was significantly raised. The E.S.R. was raised above 25 mm/hr in 44, 64, and 23% respectively of subjects with type II A, II B, and IV hyperlipoproteinaemia in comparison to only 6% in sex- and age-matched normolipidaemic controls.Several explanations for this E.S.R. elevation have been studied. The levels of plasma lipoproteins do not appear themselves to influence the E.S.R., as among other things there was no difference in plasma concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipidaemic persons with high and low E.S.R. The concentration of lysolecithin, which may decrease the E.S.R. was the same in the hyperlipidaemic persons with high E.S.R. as in those with low. However, the incidence of ischaemic exercise E.C.G. changes was 38% in the hyperlipidaemic subjects with E.S.R. below 24 mm/hr and 72% in those with E.S.R. above 25 mm/hr. For the time being one possible reason for the raised E.S.R. thus seems to be that the hyperlipidaemia causes silent vascular disease that in its turn produces the E.S.R. elevations.
Hypoxia Impairs Vasodilation in the Lung
Authors: Norbert F. Voelkel, Ivan F. McMurtry, John T. Reeves
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Alveolar hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction; we investigated whether hypoxia could also impair pulmonary vasodilation. We found in the isolated perfused rat lung a delay in vasodilation following agonist-induced vasoconstriction. The delay was not due to erythrocyte or plasma factors, or to alterations in base-line lung perfusion pressure. Pretreating lungs with arachidonic acid abolished hypoxic vasoconstriction, but did not influence the hypoxia-induced impairment of vasodilation after angiotensin II, bradykinin, or serotonin pressor responses. Progressive slowing of vasodilation followed angiotensin II-induced constriction as the lung oxygen tension fell progressively below 60 Torr. KCl, which is not metabolized by the lung, caused vasoconstriction; the subsequent vasodilation time was delayed during hypoxia. However, catecholamine depletion in the lungs abolished this hypoxic vasodilation delay after KCl-induced vasoconstriction. In lungs from high altitude rats, the hypoxia-induced vasodilation impairment after an angiotensin II pressor response was markedly less than it was in lungs from low altitude rats. We conclude from these studies that (a) hypoxia impairs vasodilation of rat lung vessels following constriction induced by angiotensin II, serotonin, bradykinin, or KCl, (b) hypoxia slows vasodilation following KCl-induced vasoconstriction probably by altering lung handling of norepinephrine, (c) the effect of hypoxia on vasodilation is not dependent on its constricting effect on lung vessels, (d) high altitude acclimation moderates the effect of acute hypoxia on vasodilation, and (e) the hypoxic impairment of vasodilation is possibly the result of an altered rate of dissociation of agonists from their membrane receptors on the vascular smooth muscle.
Progressive Parkinsonism, Balance Difficulties, and Supranuclear Gaze Palsy
Authors: Roberto Erro, Andrew J. Lees, Marcello Moccia, Marina Picillo, Silvana Penco, Lorena Mosca, Carmine Vitale, Paolo Barone
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

A 76-year-old man presented with a 4-year history of a progressive parkinsonian syndrome. It started with slowness of gait and mood dysfunction. Symptoms slowly progressed and further included occasional unexplained falls. On examination, he showed a severe parkinsonian syndrome featuring bradykinesia, rigidity (axial &gt; appendicular), and positive pull-test finding. Moreover, there was an upgaze supranuclear palsy and slow saccades on vertical plane. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed that revealed significant basal ganglia lesions and white matter hyperintensities, including periventricular regions and both frontal and temporal subcortical areas, along with moderate widespread atrophy and ventricular enlargement. Here, we reveal the pathological diagnosis and discuss the approach to the clinical data.
Interleukin-8 Is a Molecular Determinant of Androgen Independence and Progression in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shinako Araki, Yohei Omori, Dominic Lyn, Rajendra K. Singh, David M. Meinbach, Yekutiel Sandman, Vinata B. Lokeshwar, Bal L. Lokeshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is undetectable in androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells (e.g., LNCaP and LAPC-4), but it is highly expressed in androgen-independent metastatic cells, such as PC-3. In this report, we show IL-8 functions in androgen independence, chemoresistance, tumor growth, and angiogenesis. We stably transfected LNCaP and LAPC-4 cells with IL-8 cDNA and selected IL-8–secreting (IL8-S) transfectants. The IL8-S transfectants that secreted IL-8 at levels similar to that secreted by PC-3 cells (100–170 ng/106 cells) were characterized. Continuous or transient exposure of LNCaP and LAPC-4 cells to IL-8 reduced their dependence on androgen for growth and decreased sensitivity (&amp;gt;3.5×) to an antiandrogen. IL-8–induced cell proliferation was mediated through CXCR1 and was independent of androgen receptor (AR). Quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, and transfection studies showed that IL8-S cells or IL-8–treated LAPC-4 cells exhibit a 2- to 3-fold reduction in PSA and AR levels, when compared with vector transfectants. IL8-S cells expressed 2- to 3-fold higher levels of phospho-EGFR, src, Akt, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and showed increased survival when treated with docetaxel. This increase was blocked by NF-κB and src inhibitors, but not by an Akt inhibitor. IL8-S transfectants displayed a 3- to 5-fold increased motility, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor production. LNCaP IL8-S cells grew rapidly as tumors, with increased microvessel density and abnormal tumor vasculature when compared with the tumors derived from their vector-transfected counterparts. Therefore, IL-8 is a molecular determinant of androgen-independent prostate cancer growth and progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6854–62]
Intravenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevented Rejection of Allogeneic Corneal Transplants by Aborting the Early Inflammatory Response
Authors: Joo Youn Oh, Ryang Hwa Lee, Ji Min Yu, Jung Hwa Ko, Hyun Ju Lee, Ah Young Ko, Gavin W Roddy, Darwin J Prockop
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) were reported to enhance the survival of cellular and organ transplants. However, their mode of action was not established. We here used a mouse model of corneal allotransplantation and demonstrated that peri-transplant intravenous (i.v.) infusion of human MSCs (hMSCs) decreased the early surgically induced inflammation and reduced the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the cornea and draining lymph nodes (DLNs). Subsequently, immune rejection was decreased, and allograft survival was prolonged. Quantitative assays for human GAPDH revealed that <10 hMSCs out of 1 × 10(6) injected cells were recovered in the cornea 10 hours to 28 days after i.v. infusion. Most of hMSCs were trapped in lungs where they were activated to increase expression of the gene for a multifunctional anti-inflammatory protein tumor necrosis factor-α stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG-6). i.v. hMSCs with a knockdown of TSG-6 did not suppress the early inflammation and failed to prolong the allograft survival. Also, i.v. infusion of recombinant TSG-6 reproduced the effects of hMSCs. Results suggest that hMSCs improve the survival of corneal allografts without engraftment and primarily by secreting TSG-6 that acts by aborting early inflammatory responses. The same mechanism may explain previous reports that MSCs decrease rejection of other organ transplants.
Neurogenesis-Dependent and -Independent Effects of Fluoxetine in an Animal Model of Anxiety/Depression
Authors: Denis J. David, Benjamin Adam Samuels, Quentin Rainer, Jing-Wen Wang, Douglas Marsteller, Indira Mendez, Michael Drew, Douglas A. Craig, Bruno P. Guiard, Jean-Philippe Guilloux, Roman P. Artymyshyn, Alain M. Gardier, Christophe Gerald, Irina A. Antonijevic, E. David Leonardo, René Hen
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Exercise Testing for Evaluation of Ventricular Function
Authors: Robert A. Bruce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The most important clinical determination of ventricular function is the evaluation of the functional limits. Usually, physicians make this evaluation from their appraisal of exertional symptoms reported in a patient's history, often with considerable uncertainty about actual intensity and duration of effort or the associated circumstances that caused symptoms. Only in patients with advanced stages of heart disease, or with clinical manifestations of heart failure at rest, is the physician likely to obtain further evidence about functional limits from examination of the patient at rest. In most ambulatory cardiac patients, more appropriate functional information may be elicited from exercise testing, . . .
TREATMENT OF MINOR TRAUMATISMS.
Authors: R. HARVEY REED
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The frequency of minor injuries warrants more attention to their treatment than, as a rule, is given. The danger of severe infection from the most trivial wounds warrants our closest attention to this class of injuries. During the last two years, my records show that I have treated on an average about one thousand minor injuries each year. Among these I have seen some of the most grave cases of infection arise from trivial accidents, so insignificant that those who were afflicted did not think it worth while to go to the surgeon's office and have them cared for, until they found that instead of repairing, they were getting worse, and oftentimes when they would apply for treatment they had already suffered from chill, and septic infection had set in. A patient who is now convalescing in the Wyoming General Hospital will illustrate this subject. A young man, in the
Interaction between Clonidine and Desipramine in Man
Authors: R. H. Briant, J. L. Reid, C. T. Dollery
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Interaction between the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine and the antihypertensive agent clonidine has been investigated in five hypertensive patients in a double-blind placebo controlled study. Introduction of the tricyclic antidepressant led to loss of blood pressure control in four of the patients. The average blood pressure rise in the desipramine period compared with the placebo period was 22/15 mm Hg in the lying position and 12/11 mm Hg standing. Thus addition of a tricyclic antidepressant may lead to loss of blood pressure control in a hypertensive patient treated with clonidine.
LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION ASSESSMENT USING CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES FOR ELIGIBILITY OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR THERAPY AND FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Mischa Rijnierse, Stefan de Haan, Marjolein Weiland, Karin De Boer, Aernout Beek, Albert van Rossum, Cornelis Allaart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Frequency of EGFR and KRAS Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinomas in African Americans
Authors: J. Matthew Reinersman, Melissa L. Johnson, Gregory J. Riely, Dhananjay A. Chitale, Anthony D. Nicastri, Gerald A. Soff, Ann G. Schwartz, Camelia S. Sima, Getinet Ayalew, Christopher Lau, Maureen F. Zakowski, Valerie W. Rusch, Marc Ladanyi, Mark G. Kris
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN IN THE UNITED STATES.
Authors: A. JACOBI
Journal: JAMA (1900)

It is the purpose of this address to contribute to your knowledge of transatlantic medicine and medical men. That is why I have to ask the pardon both of my countrymen and of all of you, but mainly of the French gentlemen here assembled, for using—or, perhaps, misusing —a language not my own, but better known to most of you than mine. In this way I hope to serve the ideal of the International Congress, which admits the delegates of medicine from all over the globe, recognize three languages as equivalent, listen to contributions on all possible topics connected with medicine and its numerous tributaries that are offered by the glory-crowned heads of the profession and by those on whose shoulders, now young, will rest the future of medical science and practice, and thus give an example of cosmopolitanism, the universal realization of which must be left to the coming
Military Medical Equipment, Techniques, Often Require Years of Preparation
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

MILITARY medical planners of the US Air Force, Army, and Navy unofficially share a motto with the Boy Scouts of America:<i>Be Prepared</i>. The point, which has been reemphasized during the Desert Shield/Storm operation, is that it takes time to develop medical equipment and techniques that may be needed in a hurry when a situation such as Iraq's invasion of Kuwait occurs. An example is the temperature-controlled, transportable, standardized (among the services), modular, contingency hospital known as DEPMEDS, or Deployable Medical System, which the services used so effectively for Persian Gulf medical support (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:833). DEPMEDS' history can be traced at least to the late 1970s, when a US Navy rear admiral, Al Wilson, MD, now retired, spearheaded the concept. James A. Zimble, MD, the vice admiral who is surgeon general of the US Navy today, recalls that it took until the mid-1980s to design and bring DEPMEDS into being.
Decision Analysis: What's the Prognosis?
Authors: ALLAN S. DETSKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Editorials1 February 1987Decision Analysis: What's the Prognosis?ALLAN S. DETSKY, M.D.Ph.D., F.R.C.P.(C)ALLAN S. DETSKY, M.D.Ph.D., F.R.C.P.(C)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-321 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn this issue Kassirer and colleagues (1) at Tufts University School of Medicine review the progress that has been made in applying formal decision analysis to medicine. Their article covers methodologic advances, selected applications, assessment, and recommendations for the future. The perspective of these authors is particularly valuable, as they have played a major role in this field. Although many other investigators in both clinical and nonclinical fields have applied decision sciences to the clinical setting, the Tufts group is recognized as one of the leaders in the field. Over the years they have published in prestigious general medical journals...References1. KASSIRER J, MOSKOWITZ A, LAU J, and PAUKER S. Decision analysis: a progress report. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:275-91. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DAWES R. Forecasting one's own preference. Int J Forecasting. 1986;2:5-14. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. TVERSKY A and KAHNEMAN D. Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science. 1974;184:1124-31. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALLAN S. DETSKY, M.D.Ph.D., F.R.C.P.(C) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byComparative Effectiveness Research and the Psychology of Medical PracticeA Survey of Clinicians' Opinions Regarding the Value of Published Decision Analyses as Sources of Clinically Useful InformationDecision Analysis in PsychiatryIntensive Care its Nature and ProblemsUse of formal Methods in Medical Decision MakingDecision-making Studies in Patient ManagementThe forest or the trees — a clinician's viewCan decision analysis adequately represent clinical problems? 1 February 1987Volume 106, Issue 2 Page: 321-322 Keywords Decision analysis Forecasting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lung Carcinoma in Young Adults
Authors: Jerome S. Putnam
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Twenty-four patients less than 40 years of age were diagnosed at Walter Reed Army Medical Center between 1971 and 1976 as having lung cancer. The youngest patient was 19 years old. Only one was a nonsmoker. Most patients were symptomatic at the time of examination. The chest roentgenogram showed an infiltrate or consolidation in 9, a mass lesion in 13, and a pleural effusion in 1. Thirty-eight percent had adenocarcinoma, 21% had squamous cell carcinoma, and 21% large cell carcinoma. Nineteen patients had stage II or III disease at the time of initial examination, and only six had resectable tumors. Survival rates were poor. (<i>JAMA</i>238:35-36, 1977)
Changes in cholesterol and triglyceride as predictors of ischemic heart disease in men.
Authors: R J Glynn, B Rosner, J E Silbert
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We examined the relation of longitudinal changes in cholesterol and triglyceride to the subsequent development of heart disease. The data were from 1437 participants of the Normative Aging Study, a prospective study of men from the Boston area who were free of ischemic heart disease on two examinations approximately 5 years apart. Forty-four had symptoms or ECG findings of ischemic heart disease after their second but before their third examination, a period of 3-5 years. The risk of heart disease was studied using a multiple logistic risk model that took into account smoking and other risk factors. Changes in cholesterol and triglyceride levels between Exams 1 and 2, when corrected for regression to the mean, were better predictors of heart disease incurred between Exams 2 and 3 than initial levels of cholesterol, triglyceride or systolic blood pressure. When two age groups (28-52 years and 53-85 years) were considered, changes were important predictors in each age group. These findings suggest the importance of monitoring lipid changes over time.
The freak in all of us: Logical truth seeking without argumentation
Authors: Wim De Neys
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Mercier and Sperber (M&amp;S) sketch a bleak picture of logical reasoning in classic, nonargumentative tasks. I argue that recent processing data indicate that despite people's poor performance they at least seek to adhere to traditional logical norms in these tasks. This implies that classic reasoning tasks are less artificial–and logical reasoning less exceptional–than M&amp;S's framework suggests.
Prolongation of Prothrombin Time and Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding Associated With Combined Use of Warfarin and Ketoprofen
Authors: Michael F. Flessner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The purpose of this letter is to report a new observation of prolongation of the prothrombin time and severe gastrointestinal bleeding associated with concomitant use of warfarin sodium (Coumadin) and ketoprofen. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 62-year-old man was admitted to the hospital complaining of fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and nausea of three days' duration; one episode of passing bloody stools; and one episode of vomiting bright red blood. He had no history of gastrointestinal bleeding for the previous 20 years and had not drunk alcohol for six years. His medical history included dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gout, and squamous cell cancer of the posterior cricoid region. His medications included warfarin, digoxin, furosemide (Lasix), captopril, verapamil, potassium chloride, and allopurinol. Ten days prior to admission, his hematocrit was 0.35 (35%) and his prothrombin time was 18 s (control, 11 s); these variables had been stable for
Response to: ‘When is it not ethical to withhold treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?’ by Dr Yusuf Yazici
Authors: Tsutomu Takeuchi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

The ethical consideration in placebo-controlled studies of antirheumatic drugs is of primary importance. We thank Dr Yazici1 for his questions regarding the ethical aspect of our study.2

The GO-MONO study was designed to have placebo crossover to methotrexate (MTX) at week 16, as a Registration Study to Japan Health Authority, following the MHLW Guideline for the Clinical Study and Evaluation of Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), which is similar to the US Food and Drug Administration's Guidance for Industry RA .3 The US guidance recommends sponsors to limit the use of placebo as a control and consider the use of an active comparator as the control, or the escape to rescue treatment in studies longer than 12 weeks. In the event …
Recertification in Internal Medicine: A Program of Continuous Professional Development
Authors: Wasserman Si, Kimball Hr, Duffy Fd
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

In 2000, the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) introduced a second-generation recertification process that builds on the current knowledge-centered program by adding assessments of clinical and communication skills, clinical performance, and medical outcomes. The three-part process, called a program of continuous professional development, includes innovative self-evaluation exercises, documentation of essential knowledge, and confirmation of satisfactory qualifications and professional and community good standing. The program introduces the principles of continuous quality improvement; deemphasizes the summary nature of the traditional secure examination; and is designed to be a more continuous, less saltatory process for maintaining clinical competence. With the continuous professional development program, ABIM believes that it has taken a substantial step toward creating a recertification process that meets its goal of being "valuable, doable, tolerable, and affordable" while maintaining the high standards expected of an accountable profession. *For members of the Task Force on Recertification, see Appendix.