tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Psychotherapist’s Fear of Empirical Research
Authors: H. Strotzka
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

The reasons for the reluctance of psychotherapists against empirical research are the following: (1) psychotherapy is a 'hermeneutic' process which cannot be measured (basic argument); (2) empirical research interferes in the process (technical argument); (3) it contradicts the specific private working contract of psychotherapy (ethical argument); (4) in comparative psychotherapy research we compare not systems, but individual therapists (personal argument), and (5) in many institutions, care has a higher priority than documentation (pragmatic argument). These arguments are mainly rationalizations. Empirical research is necessary for the survival of psychotherapy as a respected discipline in medicine.
Taxane-induced scleroderma
Authors: M. Itoh, K. Yanaba, T. Kobayashi, H. Nakagawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

We report five women who presented with scleroderma due to taxanes, mimicking systemic sclerosis. All five patients had received taxane chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Marked oedema began first, followed by skin sclerosis occurring mainly at the distal ends of the extremities 6-12 months after the administration of taxane in all patients. Skin biopsies showed full-layer dermal fibrosis with thickened collagen bundles, and perivascular monocytic cell infiltration. These cases resemble systemic sclerosis in terms of their clinical course and histological findings. However, clinical findings including Raynaud's phenomenon and pulmonary fibrosis as well as immunological abnormalities associated with systemic sclerosis were not detected in any of the patients. Although the mechanisms have not been clarified, it should be noted that taxane is causally involved in the formation of scleroderma-like skin conditions.
General practice postal surveys: a questionnaire too far?
Authors: B. R McAvoy, E. F S Kaner
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A primary care led NHS, driven by evidence based practice, needs to build on a firm foundation of research in primary care. As researchers are making increasing use of questionnaire surveys to assess general practitioners' views and attitudes, so response rates to questionnaire surveys among general practitioners are dropping. The reasons include lack of perceived relevance of the research and lack of information and feedback about it, and researchers need to be more aware of the realities of everyday practice. Approaches that might reverse this trend include monitoring all research activities going on in an area to ensure that practices are not overused, giving general practitioners incentives to participate, and improving the relevance of research and the quality of questionnaires.
P400Effects of a sucrose-enriched diet on the pattern of gene expression, contraction and Ca2+ transport in Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rat heart
Authors: FC Howarth, E El Nebrisi, P Jayaprakash, MA Qureshi, K Parekh, M Oz, TE Adrian
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

There has been a spectacular rise in the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. A variety of diastolic and systolic dysfunctions have been demonstrated in type 2 diabetic heart. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been linked to rising rates of obesity which in turn is a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effects of a sucrose-enriched diet on the pattern of gene expression, contraction and calcium transport in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rat heart have been investigated. Genes encoding cardiac muscle proteins (Myh7, Mybpc3, Myl1, Myl3, Mylpf), intercellular proteins (Gja4), cell membrane transport (Atp1b1), calcium channels (Cacna1c, Cacna1g, Cacnb1), potassium channels (Kcnj11) were upregulated and genes encoding potassium channels (Kcnb1) were downregulated in GK compared to Control rats. Genes encoding cardiac muscle proteins (Myh6, Mybpc3, Tnn2), intercellular proteins (Gja1, Gja4), intracellular calcium transport (Atp2a1, Ryr2), cell membrane transport (Atp1a2, Atp1b1), potassium channel (Kcnj2, Kcnj8) proteins were upregulated and genes encoding cardiac muscle proteins (Myh7) were downregulated in Control/Sucrose compared to Control rats. Genes encoding cardiac muscle proteins (Myh7), potassium channel (Kcnj11) proteins were downregulated in GK/Sucrose compared to Control rats. Amplitude of shortening was reduced in myocytes from Control/Sucrose compared to Control and in GK/Sucrose compared to GK rats. Amplitude of the calcium transient was increased in myocytes from Control/Sucrose compared to Control and decreased in GK/Sucrose compared to GK rats. Subtle alterations in the pattern of expression of genes encoding a variety of cardiac muscle proteins are associated with changes in shortening and intracellular calcium transport in ventricular myocytes from GK type 2 diabetic and Control rats fed a sucrose-enriched diet.
Isolation and sequence analysis of serine protease cDNAs from mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: B S Kwon, D Kestler, E Lee, M Wakulchik, J D Young
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Three new cDNA clones (designated MCSP-1, MCSP-2, and MCSP-3) encoding mouse serine proteases were isolated from cloned cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) by a modified differential screening procedure. The putative mature proteins of MCSP-2 and MCSP-3 are each composed of 228 amino acids with molecular weights of 25,477 and 25,360, respectively. NH2-terminal amino acids of MCSP-2- and MCSP-3-predicted proteins were identical to those reported for granzyme E and F, respectively. The third species, MCSP-1, was closely related to the two other cDNA species but approximately 30 amino acids equivalents of the NH2-terminal portion of the cDNA were not cloned. The amino acids forming the active sites of serine proteases were well conserved among the three predicted proteins. The active site pocket residue positioned six residues before the active-site Ser184 is alanine in MCSP-1, threonine in MCSP-2, and serine in MCSP-3, indicating that both MCSP-2 and MCSP-3 may have chymotrypsin-like specificity. There are three potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites in MCSP-1 and MCSP-3, and four in MCSP-2-deduced amino acid sequences. Amino acid comparison of MCSP-1 with four other reported serine proteases whose active site pocket residue is alanine revealed that MCSP-1 was substantially different from the other molecules, indicating that MCSP-1 may be a new member of mouse T cell serine protease family. Antibodies made against a MCSP-1 lacZ gene fusion protein stain granules of CTL and react on immunoblots with two distinct granule protein bands of 29 and 35-40 kD. Only the 35-kD species labels with [3H]DFP. Since a protease cascade may play a key role in cytolytic lymphocyte activation, our isolation of cDNAs representative of unique serine esterases should help to investigate such a cascade process.
74 In vivo endothelial engraftment of multipotent adult progenitor cells in a rat hepatocarcinoma model
Authors: F. Franchi, M.A. Barajas, X. Aranguren, C. Clavel, G. Abizanda, C. Moreno, G. Yang, V. Fernandez, C. Qian, F. Prosper, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
PANCREATIC FUNCTION AND DISEASE IN EARLY LIFE. I. PANCREATIC ENZYME ACTIVITY AND THE CELIAC SYNDROME 1
Authors: Sidney Farber, Harry Shwachman, Charlotte L. Maddock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

The clinical features of idiopathic celiac disease include characteristic wasting, more in the limbs than in the face; distension of the abdomen, which may be soft, doughy, and inelastic, or markedly distended and tight; bulky, foul-smelling, frothy stools which contain excess fat; and, often, re- tardation of growth.To these findings may be added clumping of barium in the small intestine, a flat glucose tolerance curve, and a low rise in the vitamin A in the blood during the vitamin A ab- sorption test (1).It is now recognized that these clinical and laboratory findings are encountered not only in idiopathic celiac disease but that many, if not all, may appear also as a result of, or in as- sociation with, congenital malformations of the small intestine and particularly of its mesenteric attachment, chronic infections such as tubercu- losis of the peritoneal cavity, obstruction to the lacteals, megacolon, and a number of other dis- ease states.This series of conditions, unrelated etiologically but capable of producing a common clinical picture, have been brought together in re- cent years under the term celiac syndrome.In one group of patients suffering from a dis- ease which for a long time was confused with idiopathic celiac disease, there has been found at autopsy a diffuse obstructive lesion in the pan- creatic acini and ducts, accompanied often by parenchymal atrophy, dilatation of ducts, and fibrosis (2).No designation has been suggested which describes satisfactorily the clinical and pathologic characteristics of this disease, although many terms, among them cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (2), have been employed.This problem will be discussed elsewhere.For temporary convenience, until a more suitable term is found, this lesion will be referred to as "pancreatic fibro- sis."Patients with this pancreatic lesion need not present the clinical features of the celiac syn-
Ameboma Mimicking Lung Cancer on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ali Fuat Yapar, Mehmet Reyhan, E Tuba Canpolat
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has been increasingly used for differentiating between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules or masses. Glucose utilization by malignant tissues is generally higher, resulting in higher FDG uptake and SUVs on PET images than in benign tissues. However, some benign pathologies with infection/inflammation may mimic the appearance of malignant lesions on FDG PET/CT. Amebiasis is the third leading cause of death due to parasitic infections worldwide. Although, intestinal disease is the most common manifestation of amebiasis, migration to the liver and lung may occur. This case highlights a primary pulmonary ameboma showing increased metabolism, and suggested lung cancer.
Testing the Physician's Knowledge of Antibiotic Use
Authors: Harold C. Neu, Sara P. Howrey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Because recent reports suggest that physicians in the United States do not use antimicrobial agents properly, we analyzed scores for the first 4513 physicians viewing the National Antibiotic Therapy Test, a nationally televised self-assessment test on the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. The 75-minute videotape test, produced by the Network for Continuing Medical Education, contained three section: a 10-question pre-test, a 25-question teaching test, and a 15-question post-test. Scores were tabulated according to the specialty, years in practice, and volume of patients seen. The mean correct score was 68 per cent for all 50 questions, 55 per cent for the 10 pre-test questions, and 71 per cent for the 15 post-test questions. Physicians in practice for one to five years, residents and internists scored better than other subgroups. Answers to questions indicated deficiencies of knowledge and the need for further postgraduate education in the use of antibiotics.
344 Depressive symptoms during IFN-alpha/ribavirin therapy are associated with reduced viral clearance in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: C RAISON, S BROADWELL, A BORISOV, A MANATUNGA, B WOOLWINE, I JACOBSON, C NEMEROFF
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Rubimetide (Met-Arg-Trp), which had been isolated as an antihypertensive peptide from an enzymatic digest of spinach ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), showed anxiolytic-like activity prostaglandin (PG) D2-dependent manner in the elevated plus-maze test after administration at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (ip.) or 1 mg/kg (p.o.) in male mice of ddY strain. In this study, we found that rubimetide has weak affinities for the FPR1 and FPR2, subtypes of formyl peptide receptor (FPR). The anxiolytic-like activity of rubimetide (0.1 mg/kg, ip.) was blocked by WRW4, an antagonist of FPR2, but not by Boc-FLFLF, an antagonist of FPR1, suggesting that the anxiolytic-like activity was mediated by the FPR2. Humanin, an endogenous agonist peptide of the FPR2, exerted an anxiolytic-like activity after intracerebroventricular (icv) administration, which was also blocked by WRW4. MMK1, a synthetic agonist peptide of the FPR2, also exerted anxiolytic-like activity. Thus, FPR2 proved to mediate anxiolytic-like effect as the first example of central effect exerted by FPR agonists. As well as the anxiolytic-like activity of rubimetide, that of MMK1 was blocked by BW A868C, an antagonist of the DP1-receptor. Furthermore, anxiolytic-like activity of rubimetide was blocked by SCH58251 and bicuculline, antagonists for adenosine A2A and GABAA receptors, respectively. From these results, it is concluded that the anxiolytic-like activities of rubimetide and typical agonist peptides of the FPR2 were mediated successively by the PGD2-DP1 receptor, adenosine-A2A receptor, and GABA-GABAA receptor systems downstream of the FPR2.
Standardization of Medical Records
Authors: E. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1965)

the intro- duction of oral contraceptives has been highly successful in many parts of Africa.The " pill " is aesthetically acceptable (attendance of Indian women at Natal Family Clinics was 14,000 in 1963, 28,000 in 1964), but for a large minority of Asian or African women the intrauterine device is, for various reasons, a suitable alternative.But the family planning clinics from which these contraceptives are as yet available are situated in the larger towns.Very little contraception is undertaken in rural areas because of the shortage of staff, etc.The criticisms by NMr.Stallworthy or bfy Mr. Corbett of the suitability of either con- traceptive for use in Africa suggest a conflict of choice where none in fact exists.They seem to merge, or identify, the problem of
Access to welfare benefits in primary care
Authors: M. Gabbay
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Is not substantially linked to GP patterns of certification behaviour 

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.c3838), Whittaker and colleagues assess variations in primary care patients who claim incapacity benefit, and whether consultation behaviour in primary care can be used to predict those people with mental health problems who are more at risk of becoming dependent on state benefits for long term health problems.1

Internationally the pressure to reduce the proportion of people of working age who depend on state benefits and other benefits is increasing. Recent reviews in the United Kingdom have reported the scale of the problem and associated costs; they have proposed a variety of reforms, some of which, such as the introduction of the new Med 3 certificate (the “fit note”) in April 2010, have already had an effect on sickness certification processes for general practitioners.2 In the UK, the cost of mental ill health in terms of sickness absence, associated benefits, and lost productivity is substantial, and that of absenteeism and presenteeism (being in work when relatively unfit) exceeds the NHS annual budget.2 3 4 Recent guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) confirms the lack of robust research to guide practice and government initiatives.5 …
Exchanging health lessons globally
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2004)

BMJ issue will focus on lessons rich countries can learn from poor ones 

The link between expenditure on health and health outcomes is not straightforward. Despite burgeoning health budgets, few countries in the developed world can claim to be delivering universally high quality, equitable health care. Could they have something to learn from less developed countries, whose meagre resources have long ensured that cost effectiveness is a dominant consideration?

Certainly, massive health bureaucracies and well endowed research institutions do not have a monopoly on wisdom. Examples of industrialised countries adopting treatments and strategies that were developed or pioneered in developing countries range from oral rehydration therapy (which was developed and widely used in Bangladesh before its slow but now global uptake) to limited lists of essential medicines. The experience in low and medium income countries of introducing national policies based on restricted lists of cost effective, affordable medicines over two decades …
Protective Role of Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor-β/δ in Septic Shock
Authors: Amar Kapoor, Yasunori Shintani, Massimo Collino, Marcin F. Osuchowski, Daniel Busch, Nimesh S. A. Patel, Bruno Sepodes, Sara Castiglia, Roberto Fantozzi, David Bishop-Bailey, Helder Mota-Filipe, Muhammad M. Yaqoob, Ken Suzuki, Soheyl Bahrami, Béatrice Desvergne, Jane A. Mitchell, Christoph Thiemermann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-β/δ is a transcription factor that belongs to the PPAR nuclear hormone receptor family, but the role of PPAR-β/δ in sepsis is unknown.Objectives: We investigated the role of PPAR-β/δ in murine models of LPS-induced organ injury and dysfunction and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)–induced polymicrobial sepsis.Methods: Wild-type (WT) and PPAR-β/δ knockout (KO) mice and C57BL/6 mice were subjected to LPS for 16 hours. C57BL/6 mice received the PPAR-β/δ agonist GW0742 (0.03 mg/kg intravenously, 1 h after LPS) or GW0742 plus the PPAR-β/δ antagonist GSK0660 (0.1 mg/kg intravenously, 30 min before LPS). CD-1 mice subjected to CLP received GW0742 or GW0742 plus GSK0660.Measurements and Main Results: In PPAR-β/δ KO mice, endotoxemia exacerbated organ injury and dysfunction (cardiac, renal, and hepatic) and inflammation (lung) compared with WT mice. In C57BL/6 mice subjected to endotoxemia, GW0742 significantly (1) attenuated organ (cardiac and renal) dysfunction and inflammation (lung); (2) increased the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β; (3) attenuated the increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 phosphorylation; and (4) attenuated the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In CD-1 mice subjected to CLP, GW0742 improved 10-day survival. All the observed beneficial effects of GW0742 were attenuated by the PPAR-β/δ antagonist GSK0660.Conclusions: PPAR-β/δ protects against multiple organ injury and dysfunction, and inflammation caused by endotoxic shock and improves survival in polymicrobial sepsis by a mechanism that may involve activation of Akt and inhibition of GSK-3β and NF-κB.
The role of the brain in the metaphorical mathematical cognition
Authors: George Lakoff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Rips et al. appear to discuss, and then dismiss with counterexamples, the brain-based theory of mathematical cognition given in Lakoff and Núñez (2000). Instead, they present another theory of their own that they correctly dismiss. Our theory is based on neural learning. Rips et al. misrepresent our theory as being directly about real-world experience and mappings directly from that experience.
THE PHYSIOLOGIC AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE FETUS IN UTERO.
Authors: W. H. SANDERS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The two most important events connected with a life-history are its beginning and ending. Embryology has persistently sought to discover and to interpret the earliest manifestations of the former, while pathology, with equal tenacity of purpose, has endeavored to ascertain the causes and incidents of the latter. So far as the beginning of a life-cycle is concerned, embryology has thoroughly established the doctrines of gamogenesis and agamogenesis, the former being the rule among the higher orders of plants and animals, the latter among the lower orders. Reproduction among human beings must, therefore, obey the law of gamogenesis; hence, two ancestors—male and female —contribute to the origin of every new member of the human race, the contributing elements being spermatozoon and ovum, respectively. While these germ-cells possess inherent vitality and motor power, especially the spermatozoon, neither one can separately and alone evolve itself into a higher or more complex morphologic entity.
Statistical Methods of Risk-Adjusted Statistical Process Control Charts to Assess Surgical Performance in Consecutive Colorectal Operations at a Single Institution
Authors: Monique Boudreaux-Kelly, Mark Wilson, Malak Bokhari
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

2][3] Risk-adjusted cumulative summation scores signal special-cause variation if data points cross predefined control limits.We used cumulative summation charts and individual patient-level data at the Veterans Affairs (VA) Pittsburgh Healthcare System to visualize common-and special-cause variations in surgical outcomes in a cohort of patients who underwent colorectal operations.The cumulative summation scores were adjusted for individual risk based on differences between surgical outcome observed (O) (0 = no complication; 1 = any complication) and expected (E) risk derived from the predicted probability of complication (from the VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program [VASQIP]).Risk-adjusted (O -E) cumulative summation charts based on VASQIP probability are a novel and intuitive method of objectively assessing performance in real time with a minimum of 20 patients.
Continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device support in patients with advanced heart failure: points of interest for the daily management
Authors: S.E.A. Felix, J.R. Martina, J.H. Kirkels, C. Klöpping, H. Nathoe, E. Sukkel, N. Hulstein, F.Z. Ramjankhan, P.A.F.M. Doevendans, J.R. Lahpor, Nicholaas de Jonge
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Jogging and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Leon Resnekov
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Jogging, running, and other forms of organized exercise are being increasingly popularized to ensure or regain good health, and there is a certain amount of experimental and investigational data to support the notion. 1 Nevertheless two reports in this issue indicate that serious cardiac disorders may occur in the course of such exercise. Cantwell and Fletcher (p 130) describe two subjects, one of whom experienced myocardial infarction during jogging; the other collapsed with fixed pupils and absent pulses during a running exercise but was resuscitated. In neither case was the exercise under organized medical supervision. A third case is reported by Pyfer and Doane (p 101): during simple calisthenics, and under direct medical supervision, the subject fell to the floor with cardiac stand-still and was revived with a defibrillator which was already at hand. In all three cases, personal or family history suggested susceptibility to coronary artery disease.  Such events
Failure to warn.
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In Great Britain, two recent Court of Appeal decisions have clarified further the extent of the doctor's duty to inform a patient of the risks of a proposed medical or surgical procedure. Blyth v. Bloomsbury Health Authority, decided in February 1987, involved the administration of Depo-provera for contraceptive purposes and raised the issue of whether the duty of disclosure differs when the patient expressly asks questions. Gold v. Haringey Health Authority, decided by the Court of Appeal in April, was a failed sterilization case in which the point at issue was whether the doctor's duty differs if the context is nontherapeutic rather than therapeutic. In both cases, the Court of Appeal firmly declared that the Bolam test applied, i.e., if a responsible body of colleagues would have given no more information at the time, the doctor would not be held negligent.