tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pop diets for weight reduction.
Authors: J Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Pseudouridine, the most abundant form of RNA modification, is known to play important roles in ribosome function. Mutations in human DKC1, the pseudouridine synthase responsible for catalyzing the ribosome RNA modification, cause translation deficiencies and are associated with a complex cancer predisposition. The structural basis for how pseudouridine impacts ribosome function remains uncharacterized. Here we report electron cryomicroscopy structures of a fully modified and a pseudouridine-free ribosome from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. In the modified ribosome, the rearranged N1 atom of pseudouridine is observed to stabilize key functional motifs by establishing predominately water-mediated close contacts with the phosphate backbone. The pseudouridine-free ribosome, however, is devoid of such interactions and displays conformations reflective of abnormal inter-subunit movements. The erroneous motions of the pseudouridine-free ribosome may explain its observed deficiencies in translation.
Proximal gastric vagotomy versus long-term maintenance treatment with cimetidine for chronic duodenal ulcer: a prospective randomised trial.
Authors: M W Gear
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Forty-four patients with chronic duodenal ulceration were allocated randomly to either long-term maintenance treatment with cimetidine or proximal gastric vagotomy. All were followed up both clinically and endoscopically for periods of one to four years. The rate of recurrence of ulcer during and after medical treatment was 54% while after surgery it was 10%. One patient developed severe allergic hepatitis while receiving maintenance treatment with cimetidine, and two others had to stop treatment because of possible drug reactions. Patients whose ulceration recurs while they are receiving treatment with cimetidine should be offered the possibility of operation.
The Pelvic Connection: Intern's Neck Cured by Walking Crashcart
Authors: Mark D. Grebenau
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with great interest Dr Cilley's<sup>1</sup>letter concerning "intern's neck." I well remember suffering from that malady when I was a house officer. Fortunately, I hit upon a solution that relieved the symptoms somewhat without having to wait for advancement to a higher postgraduate-year level: by designing cloth pockets that would accept my diagnostic equipment and putting belt loops on these pockets, I was able to create a "utility belt" of diagnostic instruments, which I wore around my waist. It gave me a somewhat bloated appearance, but my pelvic girdle was clearly better suited for carrying this much weight than was my pectoral girdle. As a dividend, all of my instruments were readily available in emergencies (I was more than once referred to as a "walking crashcart") and I never lost a single instrument to theft, despite the fact that I trained at a notorious
Racial Disparity Persists After On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: William A. Cooper, Vinod H. Thourani, Robert A. Guyton, Patrick Kilgo, Omar M. Lattouf, Edward P. Chen, Cullen D. Morris, J. David Vega, Thomas A. Vassiliades, John D. Puskas
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Race has been shown to be an independent risk factor for operative mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study sought to determine the extent to which race is a risk factor for adverse events, long-term mortality, and whether off-pump surgery (OPCAB) modifies that risk.The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Database at Emory Healthcare affiliated hospitals was queried for all primary isolated CABG records from 1997 to 2007. A propensity score was formulated to balance the patient groups with respect to treatment assignment (OPCAB or CABG on cardiopulmonary bypass). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the impact of black race and OPCAB on in-hospital outcomes (death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and their composite, major adverse cardiac events). Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier curves determined whether black race affected long-term all-cause mortality. Interaction terms were constructed to test whether OPCAB surgery influences surgical results differently in black patients than in white patients. There were 12 874 consecutive CABG patients, including 2033 (15.8%) blacks and 10 841 (84.2%) whites. Survival at 3, 5, and 10 years for blacks (87.5%, 81.4%, 63.8%) was significantly lower than for whites (90.7%, 85.2%, 67.1%, P<0.001). Blacks (adjusted odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.44 to 1.36) and whites (adjusted odds ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.99) who had OPCAB had lower risk-adjusted odds of major adverse cardiac events than their racial counterparts who had CABG on cardiopulmonary bypass.Short- and long-term outcomes are significantly worse in black than in white patients undergoing primary isolated CABG. OPCAB does not narrow the disparity in outcomes between blacks and whites.
Abstract 4130: Bariatric surgery profoundly changes circulating MicroRNA profile in the rat
Authors: Qianxin Wu, Jia V. Li, Florian Seyfried, Hutan Ashrafian, Nigel John Gooderham
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Obesity is a worldwide public health issue which can lead to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancers. Bariatric surgery can provide sustained weight loss and a significant reduction of cancer risk. MicroRNAs are approximately 22 nucleotide long post transcription regulators. MicroRNAs are suggested to play important roles in obesity and metabolic syndrome related biological processes, but also are involved in different types of cancer. Recently microRNAs have been shown to be present in blood, and it is proposed that circulating microRNAs may be biomarker of tissue biochemistry and pathology. The aim of this study is to investigate if the circulation microRNA profile is changed by bariatric surgery and whether the altered microRNA expression could contribute to the long term reduced predisposition cancer risk associated with such surgery. Total plasma RNA from 53 days post bariatric surgery and sham operated rats were isolated and then examined using Taqman Rodent MicroRNA A+B Cards which have the capacity to evaluate expression levels of 373 rat microRNAs. Four different normalization methods (Global, cel-miR-39 spiked in, U6 endogenous and five endogenous microRNAs normalization) were tested. Five endogenous microRNAs normalization was found to be optimal and selected for all downstream analysis. Our preliminary data showed that 113 microRNAs were expressed in the plasma of bariatric surgical rats and 92 in sham operated rats. Furthermore, an OPLS-DA model clearly showed that bariatric surgery changed the circulating microRNA expression profile. Among nineteen of the most significantly changed microRNAs, nine of them are relevant to cancer. In summary, our data suggest that bariatric surgery fundamentally changed circulating microRNA expression. Understanding the significance of these changes in circulating microRNA may give clues to the mechanisms whereby bariatric surgery affords health benefits to individual undergoing such surgery, including a reduced predisposition to disease such as cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4130. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4130
An aural question
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Doctor Johnson once said that a man is seldom so innocently employed as when he is making money. He might have added: as when he is reading or writing Shakespeare criticism. What more harmless diversion could there be for the human intellect? Not, of course, that such criticism is always free of rancour, for what would scholarship be without the edge of enmity to spur it to ever higher flights of ingenious redundancy?

J Dover Wilson’s What Happens in Hamlet , published in 1935, is one of the most famous works of Shakespeare criticism. It starts off with a puzzle whose existence had eluded critics for three centuries, namely that of the failure of the dumb show in Act III …
Antiretroviral Treatment for HIV-Infected Infants Exposed to Nevirapine
Authors: Thor A. Wagner, Lisa M. Frenkel
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pleural Effusion in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: William H. Dodson, J. William Hollingsworth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

AN association between rheumatoid arthritis and pleural effusion has been recognized for many years, but only in 1960 were the extremely low glucose values of the effusions pointed out as characteristic of rheumatoid pleurisy.1 Glucose levels below 20 mg. per 100 ml. in rheumatic pleural fluids are common and, in pleural fluids free of bacteria and acid-fast bacilli, are almost diagnostic of rheumatoid disease.2 In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, usually males, pleural effusions with low glucose values may occur early in the disease or as a late manifestation associated with rheumatoid nodules of the pleura or lung parenchyma. The mechanism . . .
A New Test for Gilbert Syndrome
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

When the conjugated bilirubin content in the serum is normal and there is no evidence of liver disorder or hemolysis, the finding of a raised unconjugated bilirubin concentration points to the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome. Like other diagnoses by exclusion, however, the acceptance of unconjugated bilirubinemia as idiopathic and benign may reassure the patient, but it leaves the physician with a vague sense of uncertainty. Did he perchance miss a hemolytic process or a lingering hepatitis that could be detected by more sensitive methods of investigation? To allay his doubts, the physician can, of course, perform a liver biopsy and isotopic bilirubin kinetic studies. But the former is not without hazard or possible discomfort, and the latter is time-consuming and costly. Should then the diagnosis remain unconfirmed? Sherlock and Owens<sup>1</sup>suggest that the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome can be corroborated by a simple test based on the effect of
P23 A Multidisciplinary Intervention to Reduce Antibiotic Duration in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: CD Murray, A Shaw, TC Fardon, R Smith, S Schembri, JD Chalmers
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Prolonged courses of antibiotics in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are common and may contribute to antibiotic related side effects and antibiotic resistance. Prescribing shorter antibiotic courses may be equally effective and associated with fewer side effects. We developed and implemented a multidisciplinary intervention to reduce antibiotic duration in hospitalised patients with LRTI. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a prospective before and after evaluation study conducted at Ninewells Hospital, Dundee from November 2011–May 2012 (pre-intervention) with post-intervention data collection during June and July. The intervention is scheduled to run until November 2012 but here we present the preliminary results. The multidisciplinary intervention consisted of automatic stop dates for antibiotics, protocolised antibiotic duration based on national guidelines and ward pharmacist feedback and reminders to stop antibiotics. Data recorded, in addition to length of antibiotic treatment, included underlying diagnosis and suspected antibiotic related side effects. <h3>Results</h3> Pre-intervention, there were 281 patients (94 pneumonia, 121 exacerbation of COPD, 24 exacerbation of asthma and 42 LRTI/bronchitis or other chest infection). The mean duration of antibiotics was 8.3 days (range 1–21) with average by diagnosis of 9.3 days for CAP (range 5–21), 8.5 days for LRTI (3–16), 7.7 days for exacerbation of COPD (1–19) and 6.3 days for asthma (1–10). 31.3% of patients had a potential adverse effect of antibiotics. In preliminary data from the post intervention group, there were 97 patients (45 pneumonia, 40 exacerbation of COPD, 12 LRTI/bronchitis). The mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 6.7 days (range 1–14 days), p&lt;0.0001 compared to pre-intervention. Post intervention duration of treatment for CAP was 7.0 days (1–14), p&lt;0.0001 and for COPD patients was 6.4 days (5–14), p=0.0008 compared to pre-intervention. 16 (16.5%) patients post intervention had antibiotic related adverse effects, p=0.0005. There were 25 (8.9%) deaths pre-intervention and 7 (7.2%) deaths post-intervention, p=0.6 suggesting the reduction in antibiotic duration did not result in poorer clinical outcomes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This multidisciplinary intervention reduced antibiotic duration for lower respiratory tract infections and antibiotic related side-effects. This simple, effective intervention can be readily and quickly implemented into other clinical settings.
Validity of Indicator-Dilution Determination of Cardiac Output in Patients with Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: PHILIP SAMET, CESAR CASTILLO, WILLIAM H. BERNSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Indicator-dilution determinations of cardiac index were performed in 298 catheterization studies in three groups of patients, many with aortic regurgitation. The absence of physiologically significant differences between the two sampling sites, the pulmonary artery and systemic artery after right atrial injection, demonstrates that even severe aortic regurgitation does not vitiate the indicator-dilution determination of cardiac output after right heart injection and systemic arterial sampling if the downstroke of the primary dilution curve permits a straight-line semilogarithmic extrapolation.
The fundamental basis of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Warren Strober, Ivan Fuss, Peter Mannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Two broad hypotheses have arisen regarding the fundamental nature of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease). The first contends that primary dysregulation of the mucosal immune system leads to excessive immunologic responses to normal microflora. The second suggests that changes in the composition of gut microflora and/or deranged epithelial barrier function elicits pathologic responses from the normal mucosal immune system. Here we examine these hypotheses and conclude that IBD is indeed characterized by an abnormal mucosal immune response but that microbial factors and epithelial cell abnormalities can facilitate this response.
Serum Beta_1C Globulin in Glomerulonephritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: SAMUEL P. GOTOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Beta1C globulin was measured in serum from 240 patients with renal diseases and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by a simple radial gel-diffusion method. Values below 97 mg/100 ml were considered abnormal and were noted in 22 of 28 patients with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 3 patients with chronic hypocomplementemic nephritis, and 25 of 45 patients with SLE. The low beta1C globulin level usually returned to normal 3 to 6 weeks after the onset of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis; however, in two patients normal values were noted in the first week of the disease. In patients with SLE, low values of beta1C globulin correlated directly with activity of the disease. Patients with chronic disease activity and those in remission had normal levels of beta1C globulin. The estimation of serum beta1C globulin in patients with SLE appears to be of value not only in the initial diagnosis but also in judging disease activity.
Immunotherapy With Viral Oncolysates for Sarcoma
Authors: Joseph G. Sinkovics
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The results of Townsend, Eilber, and Morton (236:2187, 1976) in the adjuvant immunotherapy of patients with soft tissue sarcomas are truly impressive, even though their clinical trial was nonrandomized. We use chemoimmunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic soft tissue sarcomas. The chemotherapy consists of vincristine sulfate, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and dacarbazine. When the total dose of 500 mg/sq m doxorubicin hydrochloride is reached, it is replaced by dactinomycin. Chemotherapy is given on days 1 through 5, and immunotherapy is given on days 17 and 24; courses are repeated at 28-day intervals. Immunotherapy consists of 5×10<sup>8</sup>viable units of scarified BCG (Chicago) and of intracutaneous inoculations of allogeneic cultured sarcoma cell lysates, ie, "viral oncolysates." Viral antigenic units budding through the membrane of tumor cells serve as stable helper antigens to labile tumor antigens; therefore, in cell membrane preparations or lysates of virally infected tumor cells, tumor
The Effect of Bedside Case Presentations on Patients' Perceptions of Their Medical Care
Authors: Lisa S. Lehmann, Frederick L. Brancati, Min-Chi Chen, Debra Roter, Adrian S. Dobs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Concern that case presentations at the bedside may make patients uncomfortable has led many residency programs to move presentations to the conference room. We performed a randomized, controlled trial of the effect of these two approaches on patients' perceptions of their care.
Treating thyrotoxicosis in pregnant or potentially pregnant women
Authors: M J O'Doherty, P R McElhatton, S H L Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Thyrotoxicosis affects up to 0.2% of pregnant women.1 If left untreated it is associated with increased fetal mortality and morbidity.2 Treatment is with antithyroid drugs such as propylthiouracil or carbimazole, with β blockers reserved for presurgical treatment and immediate control of severe thyrotoxic symptoms. Considerable concern exists, however, about the potential adverse fetal consequences of maternal antithyroid treatment, and sometimes conflicting or inappropriate advice is given. Women exposed to antithyroid drugs or radioiodine immediately before or in early pregnancy need accurate and timely information when deciding whether to proceed with the pregnancy.

There are two concerns about antithyroid drugs for thyrotoxicosis: that the drugs cause hypothyroidism in the fetus and that they have teratogenic effects. These drugs cross the placenta and can sometimes cause fetal hypothyroidism and goitre.3 The fetal thyroid begins to develop at 5-6 weeks' gestation, with follicles and colloid production at 10-12 weeks. Adverse effects on fetal thyroid function are thus unlikely unless treatment begins after 10 weeks' gestation.4 In two studies in which antithyroid therapy was used in moderate doses maternal and fetal outcomes were satisfactory, regardless of which antithyroid drug …
Acute Arthritis Induced by Isoniazid
Authors: PHILLIP PERIMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 November 1975Acute Arthritis Induced by IsoniazidPHILLIP PERIMAN, M.D., T. K. VENKATARAMANI, M.D.PHILLIP PERIMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, T. K. VENKATARAMANI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-5-667 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe arthritic complications secondary to isoniazid (INH) usually occur after 4 weeks and within the first 5 months of therapy (1). In a single reported case, joint symptoms developed acutely; challenge with INH caused recurrence of the arthralgias (2). We report here a patient with tuberculosis who developed acute arthritis, periorbital edema, and fever 9 days after initial treatment. All manifestations disappeared when all drugs were withdrawn. Subsequently, arthritis and joint effusion recurred 6 hours after administration of only 100 mg of INH. In-vitro INH inhibited migration of the patient's leukocytes.A 28-year-old woman enjoyed excellent health until January 1972...References1. GOOD A: Rheumatism and chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Ann Intern Med 72:752-753, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SASLAW S and KLAINER A: Rheumatoid syndrome during isoniazid therapy. Am Rev Resp Dis 100:221-223, 1969 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. GORSKI A, ORLOWSKI T, and POMORSKI Z: The modification of peripheral leukocyte-migration test using preincubation with specific antigen. Cell Immunol 8:162-164, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ROCKLIN R: Clinical applications of in-vitro lymphocyte tests, in Progress in Clinical Immunology, vol. 2, edited by SCHWARTZ RS. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1974, p. 21 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PHILLIP PERIMAN, M.D.; T. K. VENKATARAMANI, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine The George Washington University Medical Center Washington, DC 20037 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClinical Pharmacology of Antitubercular DrugsOther Antibacterial DrugsLeadAcute gouty arthritis following ethambutol therapyAcute Gouty Arthritis Associated with the Use of EthambutolDrugs used in tuberculosis and leprosy 1 November 1975Volume 83, Issue 5Page: 667-668KeywordsArthralgiaArthritisDrugsEdemaFeversIsoniazid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Twenty Years of Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Thomas Killip
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Two decades ago Favaloro first reported successful aortocoronary bypass surgery using autologous saphenous-vein grafts in patients with symptomatic ischemic heart disease.1 It was quickly demonstrated that in properly selected cases, coronary bypass grafting increased myocardial blood flow and eliminated or alleviated symptoms in a high proportion of cases. Most impressive was the objective documentation of improvement in exercise tolerance and exercise-induced ischemia, something not previously observed with medical therapy.The new procedure was received enthusiastically, and often uncritically, in this country. The number of operations increased rapidly; about 230,000 were undertaken in 1987 in nonfederal hospitals alone (Robertson TL, Cardiac . . .