tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: D. G. Julian
Journal: BMJ (1960)

There are now many drugs which effectively lower blood- pressure, but the management of the patient with hypertension remains difficult.This is not only because there is, as yet, no agent that will lower blood-pressure predictably and without side-effects, but also because the success of treatment is so often limited by co-existing vascular or renal disease.Many patients with hypertension do not require drug treatment, and drugs should never be regarded as more than a part of the therapeutic regime.General manage- ment remains important, and simple measures such as reduction of weight and the avoidance of excessive mental and physical strain contribute to the well-being of the patient and the reduction of blood pressure.A routine incorporating adequate rest and sleep, with amylobarbitone sodium, 3 gr.(200 mg.) at night, is often helpful.Rigid salt restriction is no longer practised, but the avoidance of table salt and salty foods potentiates the effect of the ganglion-blocking drugs and helps in the control of cardiac failure.The use of antihypertensive drugs calls for considerable co-operation from the patient.Sympathetic handling by a physician in whom the patient has con- fidence will make it easier to overcome the difficulties and disappointments associated with this form of treat- ment.It is desirable for the patient to have some understanding of the disease and of the drugs that he is receiving so that he may recognize hypotensive symptoms and side-effects and take appropriate action.At the same time, the doctor must ensure that the patient has no excessive fears about his blood-pressure and does not worry about the exact level-which is better left untold.
Diabetic Coma: A Report of Eighty-one Instances
Authors: BYRON D. BOWEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 May 1930Diabetic Coma: A Report of Eighty-one InstancesBYRON D. BOWEN, M.D., IVAN HEKIMIAN, M.D.BYRON D. BOWEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, IVAN HEKIMIAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-11-1104 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe object of this report is two-fold, first to record the cases of diabetic coma that have come under our observation since insulin, January 1923 to September 1929, and secondly to report a series of cases, the majority of which have been treated with alkali in addition to insulin. The clinical features of diabetic coma have been so thoroughly described in recent, widely published, communications that we only wish to emphasize a few of the striking symptoms. All of the cases in this group were in clinical coma; characterized by a high degree of hyperpnea, signs of dehydration, circulatory weakness...Bibliography1 HEDON E: La survie indefinie du chien depancreaté traité par l'insuline et les effets de l'interruption du traitment. Je. de physiol. et de path. gen. 25: (March) 1927. Google Scholar2 JOSLINROOTWHITECURTISADAMS EPHFPSWHD: Diabetic coma. Med. Clin. No. Am., 13:3-32 (July) 1929. Google Scholar3 BOWENBECK BDGM: A report of three cases of diabetic coma associated with acute nephritis. Bull. Buffalo Gen. Hosp. (April) 1925. Google Scholar4 JOHN HJ: Diabetic coma. Jour. Am. Med. Ass'n., 93:425-430 (August 10) 1929. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5 HARTMANNDARROW AFDC: Chemical changes in the body occurring as the result of certain diseases. III. The composition of the plasma in severe diabetic acidosis and the changes taking place during recovery. Journ. Clin. Invest., 6:257-276 (October) 1928. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, New York*From the Buffalo General Hospital and the Medical Department, School of Medicine, University of Buffalo. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByFACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROGNOSIS IN DIABETIC COMA*EDWARD S. DILLON, M.D., F.A.C.P., W. WALLACE DYER, M.D.FATAL DIABETIC COMA WITH ACUTE RENAL FAILURE*MAYNARD E. HOLMES, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 May 1930Volume 3, Issue 11Page: 1104-1111KeywordsComaHospital medicineInsulin Issue Published: 1 May 1930 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Wheat-Free Diet in the Treatment of Sprue
Authors: Julian M. Ruffin, Donald D. Carter, David H. Johnston, George J. Baylin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THROUGHOUT the years diet has played an important part in the treatment of the steatorrhea of sprue and of celiac disease. Although the relation between these two diseases has never been established clearly, they are clinically similar in many respects — so much so that some investigators consider them to be the same disease in different age groups.1 Because of the steatorrhea a low-fat diet has been advocated in both disorders. In fact, until recently, the accepted dietary treatment of sprue was a high-protein, high-carbohydrate, high-vitamin, low-fat diet.2 In celiac disease, on the contrary, other regimens have been suggested. Haas, . . .
BRCA1 RING Function Is Essential for Tumor Suppression but Dispensable for Therapy Resistance
Authors: Rinske Drost, Peter Bouwman, Sven Rottenberg, Ute Boon, Eva Schut, Sjoerd Klarenbeek, Christiaan Klijn, Ingrid van der Heijden, Hanneke van der Gulden, Ellen Wientjens, Mark Pieterse, Aurelie Catteau, Pete Green, Ellen Solomon, Joanna R. Morris, Jos Jonkers
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Medical communication via satellite
Authors: Beverly J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Obtaining consultation can be a major problem for physicians working in an area with 22% of the US land mass, five time zones, and less than 5% of the population. Cable television communication has been used in some portions of the nation, but since that method relies on radio waves, broadcasting is impossible in much of the Far West when inclement weather or mountain ranges intervene. The answer may lie partly in the satellite communication and television broadcasting headquartered at the University of Washington in Seattle. Since 1974 the university, which has the only medical school in the states of Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho (WAMI), has conducted more than 350 broadcasts designed to test the feasibility of transmitting biomedical information, including continuing medical education courses, via satellite. Lack of specialists is a common type of problem that has been tackled. For example, at one point there was no dermatologist
Subcutaneous Injection of Ergotine in Haemoptysis
Authors: Wm. A. Jamieson
Journal: BMJ (1871)

to go with me.At this time the foot was outside the vulva, and quite black and cedematous.Chloroform was given; and, after a little dif- ficulty, owing to the narrowness of the brim of the pelvis, I reached the other foot and brought it down.Even then we had great difficulty in bringing the child away, and it was only with an immense amount of tractioni, exerted by Mr. Welford and myself at the same time, that the delivery was completed.On examining the child, we found it to be hydrocephalic, the head being very large; the left leg from the hip downwards was perfectlv black and cedematous.The funis had given way at the umbilicus, and the child had been dead two or three days.The delivery of the child having been completed, the next step was the removal of the placenta.Mr. Welford examined, and found a large mass firmly adherent to the walls of the uterus.This was
Oral contraceptive patient information. A questionnaire study of attitudes, knowledge, and preferred information sources
Authors: L. Fleckenstein
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A questionnaire was designed to assess attitudes, knowledge, and views and sources of drug information on oral contraceptives, with particular attention to the role of the patient-oriented package insert. An analysis of 828 completed questionnaires shows that many women are apprehensive about the safety of oral contraceptives. The impact of the patient-oriented oral contraceptive insert on the women surveyed appears to be positive. The present labeling is read and found useful by most oral-contraceptive users. Patients were variably informed about the correct use and side effects discussed in current labeling, suggesting a need for improved transmission of important drug information. Patients preferred information from health professionals and printed sources over media sources. Balanced label information about risks of oral contraceptives should be made available to improve the likelihood of sound risk-benefit judgments.
The Biologic Effects of Low-Level Radiation
Authors: Eckhard Festag
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I wish to comment on the article entitled "Physicians' Obligations in Radiation Issues."<sup>1</sup> Dr Loken errs in stating that "no data from humans exist that show that low-level radiation exposures produce measurable biologic effects." Consider the 1958 study by Stewart et al,<sup>2</sup>the Tristate Leukemia Study,<sup>3</sup>Bertell's<sup>4</sup>work on aging in adults, Mancuso's<sup>5</sup>Hanford findings, and Gofman's<sup>6</sup>analysis of results from the Hiroshima-Nagasaki study, all of which involved low-level radiation and showed measurable effects. Dr Loken's implication that cancer deaths should increase in direct proportion to background levels if there is no threshold is fallacious. In a recent article, Gofman<sup>7</sup>refutes three studies—by Frigerio and Stowe,<sup>8</sup>by Hickey et al,<sup>9</sup>and a Chinese study<sup>10</sup>—based on that concept. The spiderwort work by Nagata et al<sup>11</sup>in Japan strongly suggests that radiation levels around nuclear power plants
Review: Interventions to increase thromboprophylaxis do not benefit inpatients at risk for VTE
Authors: Lisa M. Baumann Kreuziger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Kahn SR, Morrison DR, Cohen JM, et al. Interventions for implementation of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medical and surgical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(7):CD008201. 23861035
<i>Rickettsia parkeri</i>Infection and Other Spotted Fevers in the United States
Authors: Didier Raoult, Christopher D. Paddock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: Extensive cross-reactivity exists among antigens of various spotted-fever–group rickettsiae, and routine serologic assays are generally insufficient to identify conclusively the specific rickettsial agent responsible for the infection. Since 1989 one of us (Dr. Raoult) has investigated the reactivity of serum specimens from patients with various rickettsioses to define the serologic criteria for several of these infections in the Eastern Hemisphere.1,2 Rickettsia parkeri, a spotted-fever–group rickettsia first identified in 1939 in Gulf Coast ticks (Amblyomma maculatum) collected from Texas, has only recently been shown to be a cause of the disease in the United States. . . .
Do the Poor Cost More? A Multihospital Study of Patients' Socioeconomic Status and Use of Hospital Resources
Authors: Arnold M. Epstein, Robert S. Stern, Joel S. Weissman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

There is controversy about whether hospitalized poor patients use more resources and whether hospitals that provide care for the poor therefore merit supplementary payment under per-case prospective payment systems. We previously reported that patients of low socioeconomic status with connective-tissue disease had longer hospital stays and higher costs than patients of higher socioeconomic status at a single hospital. To examine the generalizability of this phenomenon, we interviewed 16,908 (83 percent) of 20,278 consecutive adult patients (excluding obstetrical and psychiatric patients) admitted in 1987 to five Massachusetts hospitals, to obtain information on three direct measures of socioeconomic status (income, occupation, and education). We divided each measure into three strata. Thus, there were 15 comparisons — three measures of socioeconomic status applied to each of five hospitals.
Technetium Scans in the Detection of Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: James P. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

RECTAL bleeding is a common and perplexing problem in childhood. Colitis, polyps, intussusception, hemorrhoids, rectal fissure, and Meckel diverticulum are known causes of rectal bleeding, but in many instances the cause is never discovered. The diagnosis of Meckel diverticulum in particular has proved to be extremely difficult. Results of a barium enema and contrast study of the small bowel may be normal despite the presence of a large and actively bleeding diverticulum.<sup>1</sup> Recent reports have indicated some success in the detection of Meckel diverticula utilizing technetium scans.<sup>2</sup>Scanning is undertaken with the knowledge that many Meckel diverticula that bleed contain gastric mucosa, which actively concentrates radioactive technetium. The purpose of this report is to describe a patient in whom another entity known to cause gastrointestinal bleeding, namely, enteric duplication of the colon, was diagnosed by technetium scanning. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A previously healthy three-month-old girl was admitted
Magnesium Metabolism in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: MELVIN M. SCHEINMAN, ROBERT W. SULLIVAN, KENNETH H. HYATT
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Magnesium metabolism was studied in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. In 12 patients the mean preoperative serum magnesium level of 1.56±0.10 mEq/L fell to abnormal levels in all patients (1.07±0.04 mEq/L; P &lt;0.001). The decrease in serum magnesium that occurred during bypass is explained by dilution of extracellular volume, as there was no significant difference between mean preoperative and bypass extracellular magnesium. The further postoperative fall in serum magnesium was less than predicted on the basis of magnesium excretion and dilution, implying movement of magnesium from intracellular to extracellular sites. Although the level of serum magnesium correlated poorly with cardiac rhythm or gross neuromuscular abnormalities, three patients with resistant ventricular fibrillation were successfully defibrillated after intravenous bolus injections of magnesium sulfate.
Rule versus similarity: Different in processing mode, not in representations
Authors: Rolf Reber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Drawing on an example from artificial grammar learning, I present the case that similarity processes can be computationally identical to rules processes, but that participants in an artificial grammar learning experiment may use different processing modes to classify stimuli. The number of properties and other representational differences between rule and similarity processes are an accidental consequence of strategies used.
BARTONELLA BODIES IN THE BLOOD OF A NON-SPLENECTOMIZED DOG
Authors: James B. McNaught, Francis M. Woods, Virgil Scott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

A non-splenectomized dog, on a vitamin-adequate basal diet, in the course of a plasmapheresis experiment, developed an uncontrollable anemia associated with the presence of bodies in or on the erythrocytes, indistinguishable from the descriptions of Bartonella canis. The normal plasma protein level of 7.3 per cent was reduced to 4.1 per cent by diet and the removal of 5354 ml. of whole blood in 33 bleedings. The Bartonella infection was transferred to a splenectomized dog by an intravenous injection of whole blood. Each animal was apparently sterilized by one injection of neoarsphenamine equivalent to 15 mg. per kilo weight. It is possible that the spleen liberates some substance into the blood stream which has an inhibitory effect upon a latent Bartonella infection and that this protective substance was diminished by the many bleedings associated with the lowering of plasma proteins in the non-splenectomized dog and was lacking in the inoculated splenectomized dog.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Hepatitis
Authors: ELIO CACCIOLA, ROSARIO GLUSTOLISI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1980Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and HepatitisELIO CACCIOLA, M.D., ROSARIO GLUSTOLISI, M.D.ELIO CACCIOLA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROSARIO GLUSTOLISI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-1-127 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Barton and Conrad reported in the February 1979 issue (1) that post-transfusion hepatitis developing in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia may improve the prognosis. They had found a longer survival after chemotherapy (mean 76.9 weeks) in a "hepatitic" group than in a "non-hepatitic" group (mean 39.6 weeks). They postulated that beneficial effects of hepatitis in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia could reflect a greater immunocompetence. Subsequently, Rosner (2) suggested three additional hypotheses: hepatic patients might be more sensitive to antileukemic drugs because of a lack of cytarabine deaminase; the hepatitis virus might potentiate entry of antileukemic drugs...References1. BARTONCONRAD JM. Beneficial effects of hepatitis in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:188-90. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROSNER F. Hepatitis and leukemia. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:853. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar3. BENNETTCATOVSKYDANIEL JDM. Proposal for the classification of acute leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 1976;33:451-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ELIO CACCIOLA, M.D.; ROSARIO GLUSTOLISI, M.D.Affiliations: University of Catania Sicily, Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byViral Hepatitis in the Compromised HostViral Hepatitis in the Compromised HostViral Hepatitis in the Compromised HostLong-Term Survival in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Complicated by Chronic Active HepatitisPrognostic significance of posttransfusion hepatitis and chromosomal abnormalities in adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia 1 January 1980Volume 92, Issue 1Page: 127-128KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaChemotherapyDrugsHepatitisHepatitis AHepatitis viruses ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Exercise and insulin absorption from subcutaneous tissue.
Authors: P Dandona, D Hooke, J Bell
Journal: BMJ (1978)

tetracyclines; and were identified as serotype 5 by specific rabbit antiserum.The pathogenicity of human ureaplasmas is still debated although some can cause non-specific urethritis.This case shows that they can at least produce disease in patients with depressed immunity.The arthritis in this case should not be confused with more chronic types of monoarthritis and polyarthritis that occur in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia.4 Fluid aspirated from an acutely inflamed joint in such patients should be cultured for bacteria and myco- plasmas, including ureaplasmas.The results of culture and anti- biotic sensitivity testing may not be available for several days so intravenous tetracycline treatment should start immediately since only about 10 % of human ureaplasmas are insensitive to tetra- cyclines.Prolonged tetracycline treatment over some months is probably necessary.
Abstract 2704: A role of the ADCC in the antibody therapy for gastrointestinal carcinoma
Authors: Tatsuzo Matsuyama, Satoshi Kokura, Tsuguhiro Matsumoto, Manabu Okajima, Manabu Okajima, Takeshi Ishikawa, Jun Funaki, Satoko Adachi, Yuko Matsuura, Naoyuki Sakamoto, Yuji Naito, Toshikazu Yosikawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract (Background and Aim) Both cetuximab and trastuzumab inhibit growth signal by binding to growth factor receptors, and also have an alternative function regarded as ADCC. In this study, we examined cetuximab-mediated ADCC against EGFR-positive colon cancer cells and trastuzumab-mediated ADCC against HER2-positive gastric cancer cells. Moreover, we investigated the new methods to enhance those ADCC activities. (Materials and Methods) We used human gastric cancer cell lines (MKN1, MKN45) and colon cancer cells (HT-29), cetuximab and trastuzumab as an antibody which potentially had ADCC, and non-specific IgG1 antibody as a control. ADCC was measured by Europium release assay: First, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers as effector, and we prepared those cancer cell lines combined with those kinds of antibodies as target. Next, we used PBMCs activated by IL-2 instead of normal PBMCs. At same time, CD16, perforin, granzyneB on PBMCs were evaluated by Flow Cytometer and PCR. NK activity of PBMN and activated PBMC against for K562 cell and ADCC activity of PBMN and activated PBMC were evaluated. (Results) Cetuximab and trastuzumab didn't kill cancer cells by themselves, but the cytotoxicity of PBMCs was increased when the target cells were treated with these antibodies in advance. This increase was further strengthened by activated PBMCs with IL-2. But IL-2 didn't enhance CD16 expression on PBMCs. Finally PBMC, which have high potential of NK activity shows high ADCC activity, (Conclusion) These two antibody therapy shows ADCC in vitro, As a next step, we have to start in vivo study Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2704. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2704
Neutrophilic myositis as an extracutaneous manifestation of neutrophilic dermatosis
Authors: I. Mariea, H. Levesquea, P. Jolyb, G. Reumontc, P. Courvilled, M. Baudrimonte, D. Baubionc, N. Cailleuxa, H. Courtoisa
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2001)
Topical adapalene gel 0.1% vs. isotretinoin gel 0.05% in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized open-label clinical trial
Authors: D. Ioannides, D. Rigopoulos, A. Katsambas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Background Topical application of isotretinoin and adapalene has proved effective in treating acne vulgaris. Both drugs demonstrate therapeutic advantages and less irritancy over tretinoin, the most widely used treatment for acne. They both act as retinoid agonists, but differ in their affinity profile for nuclear and cytosolic retinoic acid receptors. Objectives To compare the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene gel 0·1% and isotretinoin gel 0·05% in the treatment of acne vulgaris of the face, in a randomized open‐label clinical trial. Methods Eighty patients were enrolled and were instructed to apply adapalene gel 0·1% or isotretinoin gel 0·05% once daily over a 12‐week treatment period. Efficacy determination included noninflammatory and inflammatory lesion counts by the investigator and global evaluation of improvement. Cutaneous tolerance was assessed by determining erythema, scaling and burning with pruritus. Results Adapalene and isotretinoin gels were highly effective in treating facial acne. Adapalene gel produced greater reductions in noninflammatory and inflammatory lesion counts than did isotretinoin gel, but differences between treatments were not statistically significant. Adapalene gel was significantly better tolerated than isotretinoin gel during the whole treatment period. Conclusions The two gels studied demonstrated comparable efficacy. When adapalene and isotretinoin were compared, significantly lower skin irritation was noted with adapalene, indicating that adapalene may begin a new era of treatment with low‐irritant retinoids.