tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of the right heart in acute cardiac tamponade in dogs.
Authors: R Ditchey, R Engler, M LeWinter, R Pavelec, V Bhargava, J Covell, W Moores, R Shabetai
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Because of anatomic differences between the right and left heart, we hypothesized that the reduction in left ventricular stroke volume during acute cardiac tamponade is the passive result of decreased pulmonary venous return due primarily to right heart compression.To test this hypothesis, two types of experiments were performed in dogs.Group 1: in fresh, potassium-arrested hearts, rightand left-sided cardiac chambers were filled to previously determined physiological end-diastolic pressures.When saline then was introduced into the pericardial space, right heart volumes were reduced more rapidly than left heart volumes in all cases.These data indicate that the right heart is compressed more easily than the left heart by pericardial fluid when initial filling pressures are in the physiological range.Group 2: in intact animals, abrupt cardiac tamponade was created by rapid injection of saline into the pericardial space.Measurement of ventricular pressures, and descending aortic and left pulmonary artery flow demonstrated a marked phase lag between changes in right and left ventricular stroke volumes and transmural end-diastolic pressures, with alterations in the right ventricle preceding those in the left.The decrease in left ventricular stroke volume required an average of 13 beats to equal the decrease in right ventricular stroke volume.These data indicate that left ventricular stroke volume is preserved after abrupt tamponade until pulmonary blood volume is diminished by unequal right and left ventricular outputs.We conclude that acute cardiac tamponade can occur without significant direct effects on the left heart.Changes in systemic cardiac output are primarily passive and reflect compression of the right heart, diminished right ventricular stroke volume, and decreased pulmonary blood volume.
Factors, Predicting Failure of Adjuvant Hormonotherapy of Breast Carcinoma. A Study in Tamoxifen Treated Patients.
Authors: K. Petrakova, R. Nenutil, P. Grell, M. Palacova, R. Vyzula
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The latest clinical trials indicate better performance of aromatase inhibitors, compared to tamoxifen, in adjuvant hormonotherapy of breast carcinoma. The identification of molecular markers, predicting resistance to tamoxifen, could help to identify patients, which are most likely to benefit from aromatase inhibitors in up-front adjuvant hormonotherapy.Material and methods: Tissue microarrays were constructed from archival paraffin blocks of primary tumors of 179 patients with estrogen receptor positive operable breast carcinoma in stage I-III, subsequently treated with tamoxifen for five years or until relapse, with at least 7 years follow up available. The amplifications of Her-2 and cyclin D1 genes were evaluated by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. The level of progesterone receptor (PR) and Ki67 were estimated by immunohistochemistry.Results: 54 of above patients recurred during follow up. In univariate analysis of disease free survival, the presence of more than three nodal metastases (RR=4,5 p&amp;lt;0,001), grade 3 (RR=2,3 p=0,035), cyclin D1 (RR=3,06 p&amp;lt;0,001) and Her-2 (RR=3,06 p&amp;lt;0,001) amplifications were identified as significant risk factors, together with the negativity of PR (RR=2,1 p=0,013). In multivariate analysis, only clinical stage III (RR=2,6 p=0,003), cyclin D1 (RR=2,7 p=0,001) and Her-2 (RR=2,1 p=0,014) amplifications proved significant. In 77 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy no statistically significant risk factor was identified. In multivariate analysis of 102 patients without adjuvant chemotherapy only stage III (RR=6,9 p=0,001) and Her-2 amplification (RR=4,5 p=0,001) were confirmed.Discussion: The advanced clinical stage, cyclin D1 and Her-2 gene amplifications represent factors, predicting the failure of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment, but their predictive value is much lower in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. This fact indicates, they can reflect the common biological aggressiveness of tumor and need not to be tamoxifen specific. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6031.
Localisation of malignant germ-cell tumours by external scanning after injection of radiolabelled anti-alpha-fetoprotein.
Authors: A K Halsall, D S Fairweather, A R Bradwell, J C Blackburn, P W Dykes, A Howell, A Reeder, K R Hine
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Sheep IgG antibody to alpha-fetoprotein was labelled with 131I and used to identify human germ-cell tumours by emission scanning. Eleven patients were studied after resection of their primary tumours. Ten had malignant teratoma and one an endodermal sinus tumour. All eight patients with raised serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations had metastases apparent in the antibody scans. Of the remaining three patients with normal serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations, two had positive scans. Three of the patients with positive results were scanned twice; the second scans were negative after treatment, when the alpha-fetoprotein concentrations had returned to normal. These result suggest that antibody scans are useful in the clinical management of patients with germ-cell tumours.
Topical Nitroglycerin Therapy for Anal Fissures and Ulcers
Authors: Stephen R. Gorfine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Myenteric nerves innervating the internal sphincter muscle of the anus produce and release nitric oxide,1,2 the chemical messenger that mediates relaxation of this muscle.1 A derangement in nitric oxide regulation may underlie the anal-sphincter hypertonicity associated with anal fissures and ulcers. Nitroglycerin, which is locally metabolized to nitric oxide, lowers the mean resting pressure of the anal sphincter when applied topically to the anus.3 A pilot study of 15 patients showed that topical nitroglycerin was useful in treating anal fissures and ulcers.4 Forty patients with anal fissures (26 women and 14 men; mean age, 38 years) . . .
Use of automatic computerised pump to maintain constant intragastric pH.
Authors: A Hannan, I Chesner, H S Merki, S Mann, R P Walt
Journal: Gut (1990)

We used continuous variable rate infusions of famotidine in eight normal volunteers under fasting conditions to raise intragastric pH to 5.0. An intragastric glass electrode continuously monitored acidity and this information was automatically computed to regulate an intravenous infusion system (GastroJet). The computer was programmed to aim for pH 6.0, increasing and lowering infusion rates accordingly. Two regimens were compared with placebo (10 mg bolus followed by infusion or infusion of famotidine alone). Volunteers were admitted to an investigation ward and each study was preceded by a standard normal meal. Hydration was maintained with intravenous fluids. During placebo treatment the median pH was 1.5 and the pH was less than 5.0 for 98% of the time. All volunteers responded to famotidine but dosage requirements varied (range 41 mg to 126 mg). The median pH rose to 6.5 when infusions of famotidine followed boluses and to 6.6 when infusions alone were used - the pH was less than 5.0 for 20% and 16% of the time respectively (p less than 0.05 Wilcoxon compared with placebo). Mean drug use was greater with boluses (98 mg v 87 mg p = 0.03: paired Student9s t test) and onset was not apparently faster. Blood famotidine concentrations followed infusion rate changes. Famotidine infused by GastroJet maintains a high fasting intragastric pH and priming boluses are probably unnecessary.
Quality of Life and Associated Characteristics in a Large National Sample of Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Russell E Glasgow, Laurie Ruggiero, Elizabeth G Eakin, Janet Dryfoos, Lisa Chobanian
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the quality of life and the demographic, medical-history, and self-management characteristics associated with it. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A diabetes self-management survey was sent to 2,800 adults with diabetes throughout the U.S. who were part of a marketing company national sample. The response rate was 73%. The final sample of 2,056 persons was heterogeneous: the average age was 59 years (range, 18–92 years); 53% had high school education or less; 86% had type II diabetes; 62% were female; and 31% reported being on an intensive management plan, such as the one used in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Quality-of-life items included the social, physical, and mental health dimensions of the Short Form (SF-20) of the General Health Survey. RESULTS Overall, respondents reported a moderate to low quality of life, relative to previous studies. Factors related to lower quality of life included: less education, lower income, older age, being female, type of health insurance (no medical insurance or Medicare/Medicaid recipients reported lower quality of life than those with either a health maintenance organization or private insurance), number of diabetes complications, number of comorbid illnesses, and lower levels of physical activity. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the level of self-reported exercise was the only significant self-management behavior to predict the quality of life, after controlling for demographic and medical variables. CONCLUSIONS If the findings regarding physical activity are replicated, it may be that moderate-intensity physical activity programs could be initiated with diabetic individuals at risk of low quality of life. Quality of life is an important and understudied topic in diabetes that appears to be related to demographic, medical-history, and self-management factors.
Targeting immunosuppression for cancer therapy
Authors: Cristina Ghirelli, Thorsten Hagemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Failing immunity has been acknowledged for its contribution to cancer development and progression. Recent clinical findings have provided payoffs for significant preclinical evaluation and refinement over the last 20 years, but many questions remain to be answered. In this issue of the JCI, Marabelle et al. describe a novel method for targeting the Tregs that infiltrate tumors, demonstrating that dampening the tumor immunosuppressive environment while activating innate antitumor immunity may be an effective approach to cancer treatment.
Azithromycin for Elderly Patients With Pneumonia
Authors: Aref A. Bin Abdulhak, Abdur Rahman Khan, Alan P. Wimmer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Caspase-8 controls the gut response to microbial challenges by Tnf-α-dependent and independent pathways
Authors: Claudia Günther, Barbara Buchen, Gui-Wei He, Mathias Hornef, Natalia Torow, Helmut Neumann, Nadine Wittkopf, Eva Martini, Marijana Basic, André Bleich, Alastair J M Watson, Markus F Neurath, Christoph Becker
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) express toll-like receptors (TLR) that facilitate microbial recognition. Stimulation of TLR ligands induces a transient increase in epithelial cell shedding, a mechanism that serves the antibacterial and antiviral host defence of the epithelium and promotes elimination of intracellular pathogens. Although activation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway has been described during inflammatory shedding, its functional involvement is currently unclear. <h3>Design</h3> We investigated the functional involvement of caspase-8 signalling in microbial-induced intestinal cell shedding by injecting Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic bacterial pathogens and poly(I:C) as a probe for RNA viruses in vivo. <h3>Results</h3> TLR stimulation of IEC was associated with a rapid activation of caspase-8 and increased epithelial cell shedding. In mice with an epithelial cell-specific deletion of caspase-8 TLR stimulation caused Rip3-dependent epithelial necroptosis instead of apoptosis. Mortality and tissue damage were more severe in mice in which IECs died by necroptosis than apoptosis. Inhibition of receptor-interacting protein (Rip) kinases rescued the epithelium from TLR-induced gut damage. TLR3-induced necroptosis was directly mediated via TRIF-dependent pathways, independent of Tnf-α and type III interferons, whereas TLR4-induced tissue damage was critically dependent on Tnf-α. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Together, our data demonstrate an essential role for caspase-8 in maintaining the gut barrier in response to mucosal pathogens by permitting inflammatory shedding and preventing necroptosis of infected cells. These data suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting the cell death machinery represent a promising new option for the treatment of inflammatory and infective enteropathies.
Drug Flashbacks: Reported Frequency in a Military Population
Authors: M. DUNCAN STANTON, ALEXANDER BARDONI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

An anonymous drug questionnaire was administered to 2,256 men enlisted in the Army who were either entering or leaving Viet Nam. The percentage of respondents who reported flashbacks arising from the use, of "acid" (LSD and STP) was 23 percent; amphetamines, five percent; and marijuana, one percent. The majority of men attributing flashbacks to drugs other than acid had also used acid. No relationship was found between reports of flashbacks and frequency of acid use, exposure to a combat zone, or birth order.
The Glutamine Synthetases of Rhizobia: Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Sarah L. Turner, J. Peter W. Young
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Glutamine synthetase exists in at least two related forms, GSI and GSII, the sequences of which have been used in evolutionary molecular clock studies. GSI has so far been found exclusively in bacteria, and GSII has been found predominantly in eukaryotes. To date, only a minority of bacteria, including rhizobia, have been shown to express both forms of GS. The sequences of equivalent internal fragments of the GSI and GSII genes for the type strains of 16 species of rhizobia have been determined and analyzed. The GSI and GSII data sets do not produce congruent phylogenies with either neighbor-joining or maximum-likelihood analyses. The GSI phylogeny is broadly congruent with the 16S rDNA phylogeny for the same bacteria; the GSII phylogeny is not. There are three striking rearrangements in the GSII phylograms, all of which might be explained by horizontal gene transfer to Bradyrhizobium (probably from Mesorhizobium), to Rhizobium galegae (from Rhizobium), and to Mesorhizobium huakuii (perhaps from Rhizobium). There is also evidence suggesting intrageneric DNA transfer within Mesorhizobium. Meta-analysis of both GS genes from the different genera of rhizobia and other reference organisms suggests that the divergence times of the different rhizobium genera predate the existence of legumes, their host plants.
Letter: Pseudocyanosis neonatorum.
Authors: M Nelson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Drug-precipitated Acute Attacks of Gout SIR,-Though there has been little discussion about drug precipitation of acute atitacks of gout, it is known that diureftics such as hydrochlorothiazide, ethacrynic acid, and frusemide indiuce hyperuricaemia and thus precipitate acute attacks.'Among the other drugs implicated are pyrazinamide, niacin, pempidine, alcohol, mecamylamine, and salicylates if the dose is less than 4 g per day.2It would be of interest, therefore, to add a little to ,this list, seeing that the incidence of gout in Asians is much higher than was formerly thought.2
Clinical audit indicators of outcome following admission to hospital with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: C M Roberts, D Lowe, C E Bucknall, I Ryland, Y Kelly, M G Pearson
Journal: Thorax (2002)

The 1997 BTS/RCP national audit of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in terms of process of care has previously been reported. This paper describes from the same cases the outcomes of death, readmission rates within 3 months of initial admission, and length of stay. Identification of the main pre-admission predictors of outcome may be used to control for confounding factors in population characteristics when comparing performance between units.Data on 74 variables were collected retrospectively using an audit proforma from patients admitted to UK hospitals with acute COPD. Important prognostic variables for the three outcome measures were identified by relative risk and logistic regression was used to place these in order of predictive value.1400 admissions from 38 acute hospitals were collated. 14% of cases died within 3 months of admission with variation between hospitals of 0-50%. Poor performance status, acidosis, and the presence of leg oedema were the best significant independent predictors of death. Age above 65, poor performance status, and lowest forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) tertile were the best predictors of length of stay (median 8 days). 34% of patients were readmitted (range 5-65%); lowest FEV(1) tertile, previous admission, and readmission with five or more medications were the best predictors for readmission.Important predictors of outcome have been identified and formal recording of these may assist in accounting for confounding patient characteristics when making comparisons between hospitals. There is still wide variation in outcome between hospitals that remains unexplained by these factors. While some of this variance may be explained by incomplete recording of data or patient factors as yet unidentified, it seems likely that deficiencies in the process of care previously identified are responsible for poor outcomes in some units.
Haemodynamic changes during the early puerperium.
Authors: S C Robson, W Dunlop, S Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Haemodynamic changes during the early puerperiumThe early puerperium is a time of dramatic haemodynamic readjustment.A 20-30% increase in cardiac output above prelabour levels has been reported during the first 24 hours after delivery.'Subsequent changes have been inadequately documented.We therefore investigated the haemodynamic changes during the first two weeks after vaginal delivery.
Risk of diabetes with statins must be monitored in each patient
Authors: M. Bifulco
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Despite the number of articles published about the possible effects of statins on the risk of onset of diabetes, this field continues to produce discordant results and to divide the scientific world. A recent Canadian epidemiological study in the BMJ found that patients taking high potency statins have a higher risk of developing diabetes than those taking low potency …
Long-Term Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Josep Rodés-Cabau, John G. Webb, Anson Cheung, Jian Ye, Eric Dumont, Mark Osten, Christopher M. Feindel, Madhu K. Natarajan, James L. Velianou, Giussepe Martucci, Benoît DeVarennes, Robert Chisholm, Mark Peterson, Christopher R. Thompson, David Wood, Stefan Toggweiler, Ronen Gurvitch, Samuel V. Lichtenstein, Daniel Doyle, Robert DeLarochellière, Kevin Teoh, Victor Chu, Kevin Bainey, Kevin Lachapelle, Asim Cheema, David Latter, Jean G. Dumesnil, Philippe Pibarot, Eric Horlick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Fallout and the Water Supply-Reply
Authors: Marshall Brucer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— Neglecting for the moment the contamination of air, I agree with Dr. Dennie that consideration of the problem of contamination of water is most necessary, but I disagree that it has not been considered. One of the standard sick jokes among survival experts was the widespread sale of  water: You buy an empty container at an inflated price, just add drinking water, and you have instant drinking water.Merril Eisenbud et al. give their reason for dismissing water contamination in relation to one particular portion of the problem (Science136:372 [May 4] 1962). This is only one of hundreds of articles that carefully describe, measure, and calculate the myriad problems of conservation. The civil defense authorities have always considered human life, food, water, air, and excreta in about that order of importance.We all tend to forget the obvious just because it is so obvious.
Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Haplotypes Are Associated with Acute Lung Injury and Mortality
Authors: John J. Arcaroli, John E. Hokanson, Edward Abraham, Mark Geraci, James R. Murphy, Russell P. Bowler, Charles A. Dinarello, Lori Silveira, Jeff Sankoff, Daren Heyland, Paul Wischmeyer, James D. Crapo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a potent antioxidant that plays an important role in controlling oxidant-mediated stress and inflammation. High levels of EC-SOD are found in the lung. Acute lung injury (ALI) frequently occurs in patients with infection, and levels of EC-SOD have been shown to modulate severity of lung injury in transgenic animal models of endotoxemia-induced ALI. An R213G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been shown to alter levels of EC-SOD and patient outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischemic heart disease.Objectives: To determine genetic variation in the promoter and EC-SOD gene and to examine whether EC-SOD haplotype blocks are associated with clinical outcomes.Methods: We sequenced the EC-SOD promoter and gene to determine genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in a European American population. Two separate patient populations with infection-associated ALI were also evaluated to determine whether EC-SOD haplotypes were associated with clinical outcomes.Measurements and Main Results: Sequencing resulted in the identification of 28 SNPs with relatively strong LD and 1 block consisting of 4691-5321-5360-5955-5982. This specific block was shown to be protective in two separate patient populations with infection associated ALI. In particular, patients with a GCCT haplotype had a reduced risk of time on the ventilator and mortality.Conclusions: These results indicate that a GCCT haplotype may reduce inflammation in the lung, thereby decreasing the severity of lung injury and ultimately protecting patients from mortality associated with infection-induced ALI.
Lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone for newly diagnosed primary plasma cell leukemia
Authors: P Musto, V Simeon, M C Martorelli, M T Petrucci, N Cascavilla, F Di Raimondo, T Caravita, F Morabito, M Offidani, A Olivieri, G Benevolo, R Mina, R Guariglia, G D'Arena, G Mansueto, N Filardi, F Nobile, A Levi, A Falcone, M Cavalli, G Pietrantuono, O Villani, S Bringhen, P Omedè, R Lerose, L Agnelli, K Todoerti, A Neri, M Boccadoro, A Palumbo
Journal: Leukemia (2013)