tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis and comparison of information and data recorded in carcinogenicity and genotoxicity databases.
Authors: P Romano, O Aresu, B Parodi, D Malacarne, G Castagneto, S Parodi, T Ruzzon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The Interlab Project is a university-industry joint project recently funded by the Italian government as part of the improvement of the Italian research infrastructure; among its short-term goals are the implementation of data banks of biomedical interest and the spread of informatic tools for biomedical research. Results of both long-term assays of carcinogenicity in rodents and short-term in vitro and in vivo tests of genotoxicity are relevant for a wide body of users, ranging from carcinogenesis research laboratories to industries and governmental agencies. To evaluate the most appropriate ways of spreading information on these experiments, a detailed analysis on information recorded in available databases has been carried out. Furthermore, the contents of the most known databases have been compared, with respect to a specific compound, to evaluate both the overall reliability of these systems, compared to longer and more complex assessments carried out manually starting from bibliographic searches, and the level of concordance among them.
HOMOSEXUALITY AND PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA : A SURVEY OF 150 CASES AND CONTROLS
Authors: FRANKLIN S. KLAF, CHARLES A. DAVIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

In this paper, the data obtained from a study of the records of 150 paranoid schizophrenic patients and a control group of 150 non-psychotic patients were presented and discussed in relation to Freud's hypothesis concerning the development of paranoid symptoms. Four consequences of Freud's hypothesis were deduced. Three of the deduced consequences received strong verification from the study, the differences between the paranoid psychotic and control groups being found very significant. The fourth consequence, that we should expect the final delusions and hallucinations of the paranoid group to have prominent sexual content, did not receive verification from the study. Comparison with the control group here was impossible due to the absence of delusions in the control group. Another point needs to be mentioned concerning the present study. This is the fact that two trends may exist together in a personality and yet not necessarily be related. Bleuler originally brought up this point in commenting that homosexuality was very prominent in Schreber's case history, but may not have been the determining factor in the paranoid illness. While the present study, within its limits, lends strong verification to three consequences of Freud's theory, it is possible that future investigation may show the coexistence of the two trends of paranoia and homosexuality to be a coincidental finding. Few psychiatrists dispute that Freud's fecund intelligence was productive of many theories that have deepened our knowledge of psychological functioning. But, it is also a logical fallacy to argue that a theory is verified because it explains certain facts. The process of verification, as utilized in this paper, is the same method used by the vast majority of scientific investigators. We feel that the following studies of this important subject are needed: 1. Studies of the relationship of homosexuality to paranoid schizophrenia in female groups, as compared with control groups. As noted in the literature review, there are only two nonpsychoanalytic case reports dealing with homosexuality and paranoid schizophrenia in females. 2. Studies on this subject utilizing primary source material. A protocol should be drawn up in advance, including definition of terms and categories to be recorded. This protocol should be used in interviewing a random sampling of paranoid schizophrenic patients, and a similar group of non-psychotic patients of varying diagnoses. Other control groups may also be used. The examiners should be free of preconceived opinions regarding the relationship of homosexuality to the paranoid schizophrenic process. Until more scientific studies are made and analyzed, the hypothesis that paranoid psychotic symptoms develop as a defense against emerging unconscious homosexual wishes cannot be regarded as verified.
Emerging Neurotechnologies for Lie-Detection: Where Are We Now? An Appraisal of Wolpe, Foster and Langleben's “Emerging Neurotechnologies for Lie-Detection: Promise and Perils” Five Years Later
Authors: Steven E. Hyman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

In 2005 Wolpe, Foster, and Langleben published an article in the American Journal of Bioethics on emerging technologies for lie detection. Although the authors touched on such fundamental ethical c...
PROGRESSIVE POSTOPERATIVE GANGRENE OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL FOLLOWING APPENDECTOMY
Authors: W. L. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Cases of postoperative or postinjectional gangrene of the skin of a progressive nature are so numerous in the literature that it is difficult to make a review of one certain variety, owing to the variation of nomenclature. This report is limited to a progressive gangrene of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the abdominal wall following laparotomies and chiefly following operations for ruptured appendixes. The latter condition is rather distinctive from closely related progressive gangrene elsewhere and presents so often the same characteristics that it can almost be classed as a clinical entity. H. D., a man, aged 50, a postal clerk in a neighboring city, had had attacks of indigestion characterized by sour stomach, heartburn, constipation and headaches since childhood. The usual cathartics were resorted to with fair results. There was never a definite attack of appendicitis until the present illness. At the age of 24, he was sick
Abstract 5364: AURA kinases as markers and targets in GIST
Authors: Chueh-Chuan Yen, Yeh Chun-Nan, Tsann-Long Hwang, Miin-Fu Chen, Cheng-Hwai Tzeng, Ta-Chung Chao, Jonathan A. Fletcher
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Mitotic index has been found to be an important prognostic factor in primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). By using gene sets related to cell cycle (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 22;105(3):955-60), we can stratify a group of patients with advanced GIST (J Clin Oncol 2008;26:4100-4108.) into two risk groups with distinct survival. So it is interesting to explore whether genes involved in regulation of cell cycle could be used as a target in treating GIST. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and B (AURKB) were two important genes in cell cycle regulation. In the same cohort of patients, expression levels of both AURKA and AURKB were found higher in high risk group patients than those in low risk group. By using MTT assay, GIST882, an imatinib-sensitive GIST cell line, was relatively resistant to both AURKA inhibitor MLN8237 and AURKB inhibitor ZM447439 than GIST 48IM, an imatinib-resistant GIST cell line. MLN8237 could induce significant cell cycle arrest in both GIST cell lines, but apoptosis could only be seen in GIST48IM. On the other hand, after ZM447439 treatment, cell cycle inhibition could only be found in GIST48IM, and none of them had apoptosis. Instead, ZM447439 could induce autophagy in both cell lines. We then used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to examine 76 primary GIST patients. High expression of AURKA but not AURKB was more often seen in non-gastric GIST. In univariate analysis, patients with tumors having strong AURKA IHC staining, as well as large tumor size, high mitotic index and NIH high risk group, had significant lower survival than comparative groups. However, in the multivariate analysis, only high mitotic count and high AURKA expression were independent adverse prognostic factors. In conclusion, cell cycle-related genes could be used in predicting prognosis in advanced GIST, and cell cycle regulated genes such as AURKA and AURKB could be used as treatment targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5364. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5364
Differential Inspiratory Muscle Pressure Contributions to Breathing during Dynamic Hyperinflation
Authors: SHENG YAN, BENGT KAYSER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

During dynamic hyperinflation, the ventilatory pump is facing increased demand because it must overcome the intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) and decreased capacity since it must operate at a dynamically increased end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative pressure contribution by the diaphragm and inspiratory rib cage muscles (RCMs) during dynamic hyperinflation. In six healthy subjects, dynamic hyperinflation was induced by limiting expiratory flow. The global inspiratory muscle pressure ( Δ Pmus,i) and transdiaphragmatic pressure ( Δ Pdi) were partitioned into the portion used to overcome PEEPi and the portion used to inflate the respiratory system. The Δ Pdi/ Δ Pmus,i ratio was used to estimate the pressure contribution of RCMs relative to that of the diaphragm. Our results suggest that (1) with increasing severity of dynamic hyperinflation, there is a significant increase in the inspiratory pressure contribution of RCMs relative to that of the diaphragm for inflating the respiratory system; (2) during dynamic hyperinflation, especially at high EELV, the major pressure contribution of the diaphragm is to overcome the PEEPi-imposed inspiratory threshold load, whereas the inspiratory pressure needed for the subsequent task of inflating the respiratory system is largely contributed by RCMs. This arrangement is consistent with the change in mechanical advantages of RCMs and the diaphragm during the development of dynamic hyperinflation.
PPARα and fatty acid oxidation mediate glucocorticoid resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Stephanie Tung, Yonghong Shi, Karry Wong, Fang Zhu, Reg Gorczynski, Robert C. Laister, Mark Minden, Anne-Kareen Blechert, Yvonne Genzel, Udo Reichl, David E. Spaner
Journal: Blood (2013)
Glucagon Regulates Hepatic Kisspeptin to Impair Insulin Secretion
Authors: Woo-Jin Song, Prosenjit Mondal, Andrew Wolfe, Laura C. Alonso, Rachel Stamateris, Benny W.T. Ong, Owen C. Lim, Kil S. Yang, Sally Radovick, Horacio J. Novaira, Emily A. Farber, Charles R. Farber, Stephen D. Turner, Mehboob A. Hussain
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Auditing BMJ decision making.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1993)

practice records remain confidential, while others fear that personal revelations may affect future relationships with their doctors.)They should have debriefing sessions with their own counsellor at least monthly and should have a commitment to audit and reaccreditation.Some practices may balk at this degree of rigour, especially given the relative scarcity of trained counsellors.We would be wise, however, to move slowly.Every family health services authority should enter into discussions with its general practitioners to establish guidelines for the employment of counsellors.It is important that the current demand for counsellors does not lead to a lowering of standards and that all counsellors in primary care are properly trained, supervised, and supported.
Transfusion in America in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Paul J. Schmidt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

"THIRTY years ago, the experiment of transfusion of blood under precisely the same circumstances as above, was performed by Dr. Physic." These two lines tell all that is known about the 1795 transfusion by Dr. Philip Syng Physic, of Philadelphia. They appear in a footnote by the editors of the Philadelphia Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences for 1825.1 The note is appended to an article describing an 1824 transfusion given by Dr. James Blundell in London to a patient with post-partum hemorrhage (4 ounces from her husband). Physic was a renowned teacher and was physician to President Jackson . . .
THE EFFECTS OF COLLOIDAL COPPER WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THE THERAPEUTIC CRITERIA IN HUMAN CANCER
Authors: RICHARD WEIL
Journal: JAMA (1913)

During the past six months, the activities of the research staff of the General Memorial Hospital, devoted under the auspices of the Cornell Medical College to the investigation of malignant disease in human beings, have been in part directed to an analysis of the effects of metals in colloidal solution. In the present communication, the results obtained from a study of colloidal copper will be briefly described. This part of the work is now at an end, and it seems advisable, in view of the very considerable interest in the effects of copper in cases of malignant disease, to contribute to the general discussion of the subject the clinical records which have been collected, and such additional data in this connection as seem to be fairly well established. These records and data have been contributed in part by the clinical service of the hospital, in part by the laboratory departments
Dual expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and membrane-type 1-matrix metalloproteinase in fibrotic human livers
Authors: T Takahara, K Furui, Y Yata, B Jin, L P Zhang, S Nambu, H Sato, M Seiki, A Watanabe
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We have previously reported increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) using a rat model of liver fibrosis. However we did not clarify how the precursor of MMP-2 (proMMP-2) was activated. Therefore, we used human liver specimens with chronic hepatitis (CH) and liver cirrhosis (LC) to examine expression of membrane-type-1-MMP (MT1-MMP), which has recently been determined to activate proMMP-2. Northern hybridization studies showed a 5.4- and 1.4-fold increase in MMP-2 expression in CH and LC, respectively, as compared with normal liver. MT1-MMP gene expression simultaneously increased 4.0- and 1.4-fold in CH and LC, respectively. In situ hybridization using 35S-cRNA probes of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP showed prominent silver granules in elongated cells found in the lobules, periportal areas, and fibrous septa of CH and LC samples. These elongated cells expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin by immunohistochemistry. Immunoelectron microscopic examination localized MMP-2 and MT1-MMP to the rough endoplasmic reticulum of stellate cells located in the lobules and periportal areas, or to fibroblasts in the fibrous septa, suggesting that MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were produced by these cells. In addition, cytoplasmic and membranous immunodeposits of both MMPs were found in endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, capillary endothelial cells, and lymphocytes, indicating that activation of proMMP-2 occurs locally. Increased expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP was detected in CH and LC, while dual over-expression was found in stellate cells and fibroblasts, possibly resulting in the increase of active MMP-2 in and around these cells. These findings suggest that activated MMP-2 may remodel liver parenchyma during the process of liver fibrosis.
A Response to Commentators on “Improving Fairness in Coverage Decisions: Performance Expectations for Quality Improvement”
Authors: Matthew K. Wynia, Deborah Cummins, David Fleming, Kari Karsjens, Amber Orr, James Sabin, Inger Saphire-Bernstein, Renee Witlen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

Matthew K. Wynia, American Medical Association Deborah Cummins, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago David Fleming, University of Missouri—Columbia School of Medicine Kari Karsjens, American Medical Association Amber Orr, American Medical Association James Sabin, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Harvard University Inger Saphire-Bernstein, Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association Renee Witlen, American Medical Association
Resistance to antibiotics used in dermatological practice
Authors: None Espersen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The increased prevalence of bacterial resistance is one of the major problems of medicine today. Antibiotic resistance can be defined as the situation where the minimal inhibitory concentration is greater than the concentration obtainable in vivo. Resistance genes are easily transferred among bacteria, especially bacteria on skin and mucous membranes. In dermatological patients the most important resistance problems are found among staphylococci, Propionibacterium acnes and, to some extent, streptococci. Staphylococcus aureus strains have developed worldwide resistance to penicillin due to betalactamase production in >90% of cases, and methicillin resistance is now a major problem with resistance levels of >50% in certain areas of the world. These resistant strains are often multiresistant, and include resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline, with resistance to quinolone developing rapidly. Group A streptococci are still susceptible to penicillin, but increasing problems with erythromycin and tetracycline have been reported. After treatment with both systemic and oral antibiotics, P. acnes develops resistance in more than 50% of cases, and it is estimated that one in four acne patients harbours strains resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin. To limit the development of antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to establish an antibiotic policy (prescription rules, reimbursement strategy, development of both national and local guidelines, and limitations on non‐medical use). Clinicians also need access to rapid diagnostic methods, including resistance testing. This may provide further data for surveillance systems, reporting both antibiotic consumption and resistance levels. The involvement of clinical doctors in teaching and research in this area is probably the most important aspect, along with their involvement in the formulation of national and local guidelines. In the future we may consider it more important to ensure that future patients can be offered antibiotic treatment, rather than focusing on the patient presenting today.
Depigmented-Polymerized and Native Extracts of Birch Pollen Exhibit Different IgG Epitopes Specific to Bet v 1 and Bet v 2
Authors: Jerónimo Carnés, Mª Angeles López Matas, Mª Teresa Gallego, Tamara Aranda, María Morales, José Ramón Leonor, Victor Miguel Iraola
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Fate of special hospitals in England has not yet been decided
Authors: J. V Basson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—The News in brief in the issue of 28 March contained a paragraph entitled “Closure plans for secure hospitals.”1 This was part of a selectively quoted strategic plan produced by the High Security Psychiatric Services Commissioning Board. The plan was leaked, as it is officially with the minister of health at present.

As I understand it, the document contains several options; the closure of the three hospitals and building of …
Molecular Analysis of the Mevalonate Kinase Gene in a Cohort of Patients with the Hyper-IgD and Periodic Fever Syndrome: Its Application as a Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Anna Simon, Laurence Cuisset, M.-Françoise Vincent, Saskia D. van der Velde-Visser, Marc Delpech, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Joost P.H. Drenth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: The hyper-IgD and periodic fever syndrome (HIDS) is characterized by recurrent attacks of fever, abdominal distress, and arthralgia and is caused by mevalonate kinase mutations. Objective: To ascertain the role of mevalonate kinase and the usefulness of molecular diagnosis in HIDS. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The international Nijmegen HIDS registry. Patients: 54 patients from 41 families who met the clinical criteria for HIDS. Measurements: Clinical symptoms and signs, immunoglobulin concentration, leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mutation analysis, and mevalonate kinase enzyme activity assay. Results: There were two groups of patients: 41 patients with mevalonate kinase mutations (classic-type HIDS) and 13 patients without mutations (variant-type HIDS). Patients with classic-type HIDS had a lower mevalonate kinase enzyme activity, a higher IgD level, and more additional symptoms with attacks. The IgD level did not correlate with disease severity, mevalonate kinase enzyme activity, or genotype. Conclusion: Genetic heterogeneity exists among patients with a clinical diagnosis of HIDS.
Asthma in patients with psoriasis
Authors: A.S. Lønnberg, L. Skov, A. Skytthe, K.O. Kyvik, O.B. Pedersen, H. Meteran, V. Backer, S.F. Thomsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: None. Conflicts of interest: None declared. Dear Editor, We read with interest the report by Fang et al.1 of the relationship between psoriasis and asthma in a large retrospective case–control study from Taiwan. The study found a 1·38‐fold increased risk of asthma among patients with psoriasis, with an increasing risk according to higher age of the patients. However, although adjustment for age, sex and selected comorbidities was performed, the study lacked important confounder control, particularly for smoking and body mass index. We studied the association between self‐reported asthma and psoriasis in a previously well‐described population of 34 781 Danish twins, aged 20–71 years, from the nationwide Danish Twin Registry.2 Psoriasis was identified by the question, 'Has a doctor ever told you that you have, or have had psoriasis?', whereas asthma was identified by the question, 'Do you have, or have you ever had, asthma?' The prevalences of psoriasis and asthma were 4·2% and 8·7%, respectively.
Training Internists in Procedural Skills
Authors: Robert S. Wigton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The procedural skills of internists have been scrutinized recently because of concern for quality of care and because of economic and liability issues. The findings of recent surveys of program directors and practicing internists about procedural skills are reviewed. The results of these surveys in relation to the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) new training requirements and New York State's new policy requiring credentialing of residents in training are also discussed. Surveys show that internists do a large number and variety of procedures, that the number of procedures varies with the nature and location of practice, and that internists who more recently completed training do more procedures. Many graduates do not master the procedures their program directors think they should, and many learn procedures, often without supervision, after they have entered practice. The ABIM has recently ruled that residents must have documented experience and competence in specific core procedures to become eligible for certification. Also, New York State, in the wake of the Libby Zion case, now requires that all residents be credentialed in the procedures they do during training. Programs in internal medicine need to decide which procedures their residents will master and assure that their residents receive the training and testing necessary for competency and for formal certification of mastery in each procedure. Programs may restructure rotations to assure adequate experience. In the new era of accountability, certification of training and of competence in procedural skills will be an important function of training programs.