tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamics in Physiologic Anemia of Infancy
Authors: Amnon Rosenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The influence of severe chronic anemia on cardiovascular dynamics has long been recognized. The decreased blood viscosity and vascular tone that accompany the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity lead to increased venous return and preload, with increased cardiac output. When oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply, congestive heart failure develops. In the absence of cardiac disease, mild anemia is generally well tolerated through such compensatory mechanisms as the increased cardiac output and a decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. However, the combination of anemia with an intracardiac defect may enhance or precipitate cardiopulmonary compromise — effects not anticipated with a normal heart.In . . .
Risk factors for pandemic H1N1 2009 infection in healthcare personnel of four general hospitals
Authors: Seong-Ho Choi, Jin-Won Chung, Min-Hyok Jeon, Mi Suk Lee
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)

To characterize an outbreak of pandemic H1N1 2009 among healthcare personnel (HCP), we conducted a cross-sectional survey of HCP who had worked in four general hospitals during the outbreak. More than one-quarter of responding HCP (27.6%) had influenza-like illness (ILI) during the outbreak. The estimated infection rate of pandemic H1N1 2009 was 9.1% in the study of HCP. Independent risk factors for ILI were female gender, <40 years of age, the presence of chronic diseases associated with influenza complications, having family members with ILI or pandemic H1N1 2009, and working in influenza outpatient, influenza inpatient, non-influenza outpatient or emergency departments. During the outbreak of pandemic H1N1 2009, HCP frequently had ILI or the influenza infection. The development of the influenza infection in HCP was associated with some of their baseline characteristics, occupational risk factors, and non-occupational ones during the outbreak.
Silent Scourge: Children, Pollution, and Why Scientists Disagree
Authors: J. Melia
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Colleen F Moore Oxford University Press, £24.95, pp 318 0 19 515391 X Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Colleen Moore is professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin, United States. Her book reviews how pollution affects children's development, looks at issues regarding how science and ethics are involved in environmental policy, and expands on the precautionary principle adopted in a 1992 United Nations declaration. She argues that preventive action should be taken in the face of uncertainty, involving public participation and wider alternative action. Children … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Book Review Drinking Water and Infectious Disease: Establishing the Links Edited by Paul Raymond Hunter, Mike Waite, and Elettra Ronchi. 221 pp., illustrated. Boca Raton, Fla., CRC Press, 2003. (Copublished with IWA Publishing, London.) $129.95. 0-8493-1259-0
Authors: Henry A. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
Abstract 567: Inhibition of growth and induction of differentiation by apigenin, baicalein and quercetin in colon cancer cells
Authors: Jill K. Deutsch, Michael A. Lea
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract There is considerable data to support the concept that polyphenolic molecules that occur in fruits and vegetables may have beneficial effects as cancer chemopreventive agents. We have shown previously that these polyphenolic molecules can induce enzyme markers of differentiation either alone, or in combination with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. These data raise the question whether the induction of enzyme markers for differentiation are due to the anti- or pro-oxidant properties of polyphenols. We have compared the action of three flavonol molecules, apigenin, baicalein, and quercetin on four cell lines derived from human colon cells (Caco-2, SW1116, HT-29, and NCM460). The three polyphenols caused increases in alkaline phosphatase activity but no increase or decrease in aminopeptidase activity in Caco-2 cells. There was no induction of differentiation in the other cell lines by the three polyphenols. Since production of hydrogen peroxide has been reported when some polyphenolic compounds are incubated with serum-containing medium, we examined this phenomenon with the three polyphenols. Production of hydrogen peroxide was greater with baicalein than with quercetin or apigenin. When Caco-2 cells were incubated with hydrogen peroxide, there was some increase in alkaline phosphatase, but the concentrations required were higher than for the polyphenols and the magnitude of the effect was less. Further studies were performed with baicalein because that molecule had resulted in greater production of hydrogen peroxide. To test the significance of the hydrogen peroxide formation, we added catalase, but this addition did not prevent the increase in alkaline phosphatase or the decrease in protein synthesis in Caco-2 cells after incubation with baicalein. In addition, we wanted to determine the potential of the three polyphenols in combination with butyrate to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase in Caco-2 cells. Synergistic effects were seen for the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in Caco-2 cells for baicalein and quercetin, but not with apigenin. In conclusion, Caco-2 human colon cancer cells are notably sensitive to growth inhibitory and differentiating effects of apigenin, baicalein, and quercetin. It was evident that these polyphenols can have pro-oxidant effects, but our data suggested that this action was not the sole determinant of growth inhibitory or differentiating effects on colon cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 567.
A human non-XLA immunodeficiency disease characterized by blockage of B cell development at an early proB cell stage.
Authors: E Meffre, F LeDeist, G de Saint-Basile, A Deville, M Fougereau, A Fischer, C Schiff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We report a detailed analysis of a B cell defect affecting a patient girl born from first cousin parents, characterized by a severe non-X-linked agammaglobulinemia with a total absence of CD19- cells in the periphery. In the bone marrow, CD19 expression was also highly impaired, resulting in the absence of both B and preB compartments. By contrast, CD34+CD10+, CD34psiL+, and some CD19+CD10+ mostly CD34+ early proB cells were present, although diminished. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis performed on mononuclear bone marrow cells indicated that lambda-like, VpreB, Rag-1, Rag-2, and TdT transcripts expressed during proB cell stages were found at normal levels whereas E2A, CD10, Syk, Pax-5, CD19, Igalpha, Igbeta, VH-Cmu, and Vkappa-Ckappa transcripts characteristic of later stages were severely depressed. This phenotype resembles that of Pax-5 knock-out mice, but since the coding sequence of the patient Pax-5 cDNA was shown to be normal, the defect might rather result from an altered regulation of this gene. All these data indicate that the patient suffers from a new genetic defect that results in an arrest of differentiation within the proB cell compartment, i.e., earlier than X-linked agammaglobulinemia, before the onset of Ig gene rearrangements.
Malnutrition programmes are most effective before age of 2
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Efforts to combat malnutrition should be targeted at pregnant women and at children aged under 2 years, when most irreparable damage happens, says a World Bank report.

The report says that trying to improve nutrition in children later in life is too late, too expensive, and ineffective.

“There is actually a very, very tight window of opportunity, which is from conception through to the first two years of life. If we miss this window we miss a whole generation,” said Meera Shekar, a senior nutrition specialist at the World …
Report on first MASC meeting.
Authors: W S Monkhouse
Journal: BMJ (1977)

3) Dr Woodcock's point about the effect of the failure rate had been considered.In any experimentation on human subjects missing data from subject loss tend to occur; there is no way of completely overcoming this problem, either clinically or statistically.We believe our analysis provided the most reasoned assessment of the data by (1) analysing between group failure rates and (2) analysing the exist- ing data while explicitly acknowledging the possible effects of missing data.Furthermore, both sets of data are presented and both show small positive effects for antimicrobials, so there is little chance of the reader beirng misled.
Mammaglobin as Molecular Marker of Breast Cancer (Micro)Metastases
Authors: Paul N. Span, Fred C.G.J. Sweep
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

To the Editor: In a recent issue of Clinical Cancer Research , two articles ([1][1], [2][2]) addressed the use of PCR to detect micrometastases from breast cancer either in lymph nodes ([1][1]) or in peripheral blood ([2][2]). Both articles found mammaglobin ( mam ) to be an excellent marker for
Identification and characterization of a murine receptor for galactose-terminated glycoproteins
Authors: Wanjin Hong, Anh Van Le, Darrell Doyle
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The asialoglycoprotein receptor, the hepatic binding lectin for galactose-terminated glycoproteins, has been isolated and characterized from human, rabbit and rat liver. Several recent studies have shown the existence of the same receptor in murine liver. However, the biochemical structure of the receptor in murine liver has not been resolved. In this paper, we describe the identification and purification of the receptor for asialoglycoproteins from murine liver. The purified receptor has three polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 42,000, 45,000 and 51,000, respectively, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthemore, our studies suggest that the receptor from murine liver is very similar to its counterpart in rat liver, although some potential interesting differences have also been observed. Initial studies indicate that this receptor is well conserved in different mouse strains.
Autograft Regurgitation and Aortic Root Dimensions After the Ross Procedure
Authors: Thorsten Hanke, Ulrich Stierle, Juergen O. Boehm, Cornelius A. Botha, J.F. Matthias Bechtel, Armin Erasmi, Martin Misfeld, Wolfgang Hemmer, Joachim G. Rein, Derek R. Robinson, Rüdiger Lange, Jürgen Hörer, Anton Moritz, Feyzan Özaslan, Thorsten Wahlers, Ulrich F.W. Franke, Roland Hetzer, Michael Hübler, Gerhard Ziemer, Bernhard Graf, Donald N. Ross, Hans H. Sievers
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Autograft regurgitation and root dilatation after the Ross procedure is of major concern. We reviewed data from the German Ross Registry to document the development of autograft regurgitation and root dilatation with time and also to compare 2 different techniques of autograft implantation. Methods and Results— Between 1990 and 2006 1014 patients (786 men, 228 women; mean age 41.2±15.3 years) underwent the Ross procedure using 2 different implantation techniques (subcoronary, n =521; root replacement, n =493). Clinical and serial echocardiographic follow up was performed preoperatively and thereafter annually (mean follow up 4.41±3.11 years, median 3.93 years, range 0 to 16.04 years; 5012 patient-years). For statistical analysis of serial echocardiograms, a hierarchical multilevel modeling technique was applied. Eight early and 28 late deaths were observed. Pulmonary autograft reoperations were required in 35 patients. Initial autograft regurgitation grade was 0.49 (root replacement 0.73, subcoronary 0.38) with an annual increase of grade 0.034 (root replacement 0.0259, subcoronary 0.0231). Annulus and sinus dimensions did not exhibit an essential increase over time in both techniques, whereas sinotubular junction diameter increased essentially by 0.5 mm per year in patients with root replacement. Patients with the subcoronary implantation technique showed nearly unchanged dimensions. Bicuspid aortic valve morphology did not have any consistent impact on root dimensions with time irrespective of the performed surgical technique. Conclusions— The present Ross series from the German Ross Registry showed favorable clinical and hemodynamic results. Development of autograft regurgitation for both techniques was small and the annual progression thereof is currently not substantial. Use of the subcoronary technique and aortic root interventions with stabilizing measures in root replacement patients seem to prevent autograft regurgitation and dilatation of the aortic root within the timeframe studied.
Domiciliary consultations within the pain relief service.
Authors: C J Glynn
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The epidemic of pseudo food allergy demands better professional education and public dissemination of accurate information about allergy.Much recent press and television coverage has been heavily influenced by public relations campaigns on behalf of fringe groups providing better television than science.Education, research, and proper treatment ofpatients with hypersensitivity diseases would be much aided by the overdue recognition in Britain ofallergy as a proper clinical subspecialty and the establishment of a recognised training programme.
Fan-shaped shadows due to pulmonary artery catheters: heparin prophylaxis.
Authors: F Hagemeijer, C J Storm
Journal: BMJ (1977)

occasions; in none of these cases was S dysenteriae type 1 the causative organism.Two patients had bacteraemia.'-3Petechial rashes have been seen on some occasions in shigellosis,4 but they are quite different from rose spots-which have sharply defined borders and disappear on applying pressure.The size of the spots and absence of itching differentiate them from allergic rashes due to ampicillin.An upsurge of shigellosis due to S dysenteriae 1 has been recorded in Bangladesh since the end of war in 1971.5 Nevertheless, rose spots were not detected in any one of over 4000 patients seen during the last five years.
Displacement of the Abdominal Aorta by a Pseudocyst of the Pancreas
Authors: MOHANLAL C. MAKHIJA, SIDNEY SCHULTZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Cystic lesions are generally thought not to displace the abdominal aorta. A case involving a large cystic mass near the pancreas which was proven to be a pancreatic pseudocyst is presented, with a dynamic nuclear angiogram and a CT scan of the abdomen showing displacement of the aorta.
The Clinical and Economic Impact of Point-of-Care CD4 Testing in Mozambique and Other Resource-Limited Settings: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Emily P. Hyle, Ilesh V. Jani, Jonathan Lehe, Amanda E. Su, Robin Wood, Jorge Quevedo, Elena Losina, Ingrid V. Bassett, Pamela P. Pei, A. David Paltiel, Stephen Resch, Kenneth A. Freedberg, Trevor Peter, Rochelle P. Walensky
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Point-of-care CD4 tests at HIV diagnosis could improve linkage to care in resource-limited settings. Our objective is to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of point-of-care CD4 tests compared to laboratory-based tests in Mozambique.We use a validated model of HIV testing, linkage, and treatment (CEPAC-International) to examine two strategies of immunological staging in Mozambique: (1) laboratory-based CD4 testing (LAB-CD4) and (2) point-of-care CD4 testing (POC-CD4). Model outcomes include 5-y survival, life expectancy, lifetime costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Input parameters include linkage to care (LAB-CD4, 34%; POC-CD4, 61%), probability of correctly detecting antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility (sensitivity: LAB-CD4, 100%; POC-CD4, 90%) or ART ineligibility (specificity: LAB-CD4, 100%; POC-CD4, 85%), and test cost (LAB-CD4, US$10; POC-CD4, US$24). In sensitivity analyses, we vary POC-CD4-specific parameters, as well as cohort and setting parameters to reflect a range of scenarios in sub-Saharan Africa. We consider ICERs less than three times the per capita gross domestic product in Mozambique (US$570) to be cost-effective, and ICERs less than one times the per capita gross domestic product in Mozambique to be very cost-effective. Projected 5-y survival in HIV-infected persons with LAB-CD4 is 60.9% (95% CI, 60.9%-61.0%), increasing to 65.0% (95% CI, 64.9%-65.1%) with POC-CD4. Discounted life expectancy and per person lifetime costs with LAB-CD4 are 9.6 y (95% CI, 9.6-9.6 y) and US$2,440 (95% CI, US$2,440-US$2,450) and increase with POC-CD4 to 10.3 y (95% CI, 10.3-10.3 y) and US$2,800 (95% CI, US$2,790-US$2,800); the ICER of POC-CD4 compared to LAB-CD4 is US$500/year of life saved (YLS) (95% CI, US$480-US$520/YLS). POC-CD4 improves clinical outcomes and remains near the very cost-effective threshold in sensitivity analyses, even if point-of-care CD4 tests have lower sensitivity/specificity and higher cost than published values. In other resource-limited settings with fewer opportunities to access care, POC-CD4 has a greater impact on clinical outcomes and remains cost-effective compared to LAB-CD4. Limitations of the analysis include the uncertainty around input parameters, which is examined in sensitivity analyses. The potential added benefits due to decreased transmission are excluded; their inclusion would likely further increase the value of POC-CD4 compared to LAB-CD4.POC-CD4 at the time of HIV diagnosis could improve survival and be cost-effective compared to LAB-CD4 in Mozambique, if it improves linkage to care. POC-CD4 could have the greatest impact on mortality in settings where resources for HIV testing and linkage are most limited. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Surgery of the Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts
Authors: D C Carter
Journal: Gut (1982)

CD40 is a member of the TNF receptor family that was first characterized as an important T-B cell interaction molecule. This receptor is also expressed on many other cell types, including normal basal epithelium, carcinomas, and transformed cell lines. The functions of CD40 in non-B cells are largely unknown. Our studies demonstrate that CD40 mediates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) mobilization and IL-6 production in nonhematopoietic cells. Stimulation of the transformed fibroblast cell line SV80 with CD40 ligand (CD40L) or anti-CD40 Ab resulted in the production of IL-6; this could be increased by IFN-gamma pretreatment, which is known to up-regulate CD40 expression. Studies with transfectants overexpressing CD40 demonstrated that activation of CD40 alone is sufficient to induce IL-6 production. The transcription factor NF-kappa B appears to play a central role in CD40-mediated activation of the IL-6 gene; NF-kappa B mobilization directly preceded CD40-mediated IL-6 production, and suppression of NF-kappa B mobilization with the metabolic inhibitor D609 also suppressed the IL-6 response. A striking similarity to the requirements for TNF-induced IL-6 production, which is mediated by the p55TNF receptor in SV80 cells, was observed. In view of the intracellular homologies between CD40 and the p55TNF receptor, it should be considered that the two receptors share common components in their signaling pathways that lead to IL-6 production.
Psychiatrist and the Judge
Authors: Richard J. Kester
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The opinion of Dr. Maier Tuchler, as expressed in "Psychiatrist and the Judge—Determination of Witness Credibility" (<i>JAMA</i><b>183</b>:Adv p 37 [March 9] 1963) is incredible. I cannot conceivably see what it has to do with the practice of medicine. Rather than have more physicians practice forensic psychiatry as a subspecialty, I believe it would be of much greater value to encourage attorneys to study psychoanalysis and apply their findings to law. In condensing Whittaker Chambers' book<i>Witness</i>, the following conclusions seem justified: (1) Dr. Binger volunteered to testify that Mr. Chambers was a "psychopathic case" and his testimony was worthless without prior examination; (2) Dr. Murray testified that his psychiatric "diagnosis" was made wholly and solely on a study of Mr. Chambers' writings, but later admitted that he had questioned Mr. Chambers' colleagues prior to making such "diagnosis"; (3) Whittaker Chambers agreed to lie detector tests,
Association of acanthosis nigricans with insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: D. PANIDIS, S. SKIADOPOULOS, D. ROUSSO, D. IOANNIDES, E. PANIDOU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Summary This study was designed to explore the association of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans (AN) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Fifty women, 18–37 years old, were included in the study, and divided into five groups consisting of: (I) 10 women with PCOS, abnormal body mass index (BMI) and AN; (II) 10 women with PCOS and abnormal BMI, but without AN; (III) 10 women with PCOS, normal BMI, and no AN: (IV) 10 women with abnormal BMI, but without PCOS or AN; and (V) 10 healthy women with normal BMI. Measurement of fasting glucose and insulin levels before and after oral glucose challenge was performed. Fasting serum insulin levels were found to be significantly lower in groups III. IV and V than in groups I and II, with no significant difference between groups I and II, or between groups III, IV and V. Total insulin response following administration of glucose did not differ significantly between the groups. These findings support the view that obese PCOS patients with AN do not have significantly higher insulin resistance than obese patients without AN. Insulin resistance is a necessary, but not the only, factor leading to the development of AN in patients with PCOS. Other factors should also be considered in the pathogenesis of this cutaneous reaction.
Your country needs you!
Authors: I Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

I mean, they think life's one long holiday and they don't know the meaning of the word “work.” All they ever seem to think about is their next trip abroad, and they spend their time just hanging about as if there was no tomorrow. Personally, I think national service is the only answer - get them up in the morning, put some order in their lives, smarten up their appearance. After all, they've got most of their time behind them.

Only a quarter of “third agers” - 50 to 75 year olds - are in full time employment. Marketing consultants have pinpointed them as a …
Reid accused of breach of promise over foundation hospitals
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Foundation status will be given to 57 NHS hospital trusts in the coming year, covering 25% of England's population, the health secretary, John Reid, said last week. Speaking to the chief executives of 25 trusts that are already due to become foundation trusts, he said a further 32 successful applicant trusts will join the programme next October.

The announcement came a week after the Health and Social Care Bill scraped through the House of Commons by 17 votes, as 62 Labour MPs rebelled against the introduction of this new type of hospital, which will have greater freedom from government control than the old style hospitals.

Opponents of foundation hospitals accused the health secretary of backtracking on a promise he made to …