tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Medical Mind of Shakespeare
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (1987)

It is unlikely that any other single author has been as thoroughly scrutinized as William Shakespeare. His collection of works has been examined and dissected from multiple perspectives, including law, history, and even botany. It is not surprising, then, that Shakespeare's medical knowledge has generated a large body of literature and considerable speculation. The most recent contribution to this growing area of study is<i>The Medical Mind of Shakespeare</i>. The use of medical concepts in Shakespearean literature has been extensively discussed in a myriad of journal articles ranging from orthopedics to obstetrics to dermatology. More extensive commentary includes Bucknill's<i>The Medical Knowledge of Shakespeare</i>(1860) and Simpson's<i>Shakespeare and Medicine</i>(1959). In his book, Simpson has identified more than 700 minor and major medical references in the plays and poems of the Bard of Avon. Kail's<i>The Medical Mind of Shakespeare</i>successfully continues this exploration of literary and medical themes.
*IgE antibodies against midge and moth found in Japanese asthmatic subjects and comparison of allergenicity between these insects
Authors: Y. Komase, M. Sakata, T. Azuma, A. Tanaka, T. Nakagawa
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The specific IgE antibodies to moth (Bombyx mori) and midge (Chironomus yoshimatsui) were measured by the Pharmacia CAP system in 51 house-dust-mite-sensitive asthma patients. None of these patients had definite histories of exposure to these insects or apparent evidence of insect-induced asthma symptoms. The RAST-inhibition assay was performed to investigate cross-allergenicity between these two insects. Furthermore, IgE immunoblotting was done to study the IgE-binding components in moth and midge extracts. Thirty (59%) of these patients showed positive IgE antibodies to moth, while 25 (49%) showed positive IgE antibodies to midge. Those frequencies of positivity were similar to that for Japanese cedar pollen, which is well known to cause allergy. A significant correlation (r = 0.863) was observed between IgE antibody titers of these two insects. The results from the RAST-inhibition assay indicated cross-allergenicity between these insects and also the existence of species-specific allergens. Fifteen IgE-binding components in moth extract were observed. The most frequent IgE-binding protein was the 79-kDa (84.2%), followed by the 72-kDa (78.9%), the 82-kDa (57.9%), and the 76-kDa (57.9%) proteins. Those were considered to be major allergens in moth. Twenty-four IgE-binding components in midge extract were observed. However, no IgE-binding protein to which over 50% of patient sera reacted was observed. These results suggest that these two insects may be considered to bear important allergens and that there is cross-allergenicity between these insects as well as species-specific allergens.
Laboratory-acquired SARS raises worries on biosafety
Authors: Claudia Orellana
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2004)

A case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in a male laboratory worker in Taiwan has prompted concern over the role of laboratory material in the spread of the disease. The case was confirmed on December 17 in a 44-year-old researcher who had been testing herbal remedies against coronavirus at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defence University, Taipei. He is Taiwan's first case since the outbreak that killed 37 people on the island earlier in 2003. On December 7 the man, known only as Lieutenant-Colonel Chan, flew to a conference in Singapore. He became ill after returning home on December 10. 6 days later he was admitted to hospital and diagnosed with SARS. Although Chan was not in the contagious phase when he travelled, 90 people who had been in contact with him in Taiwan and Singapore were quarantined until December 23. None of them were infected. According to an investigation appointed by the Taiwan Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Taipei, Chan was most likely to have come into contact with the virus on December 6 while cleaning waste liquid that had spilled in a chamber in his biosafety level 4 laboratory. In response, the CDC began comprehensive inspections of all Taiwanese SARS research laboratories. Maria Cheng, SARS spokesperson at the WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, says that although the agency has not changed their general guidelines for handling the SARS virus, they urge countries to make inventories of all samples held by laboratories working with the virus. “This case has underlined the necessity for the careful handling of samples of this virus”, she says. The WHO recommends the use of guidelines approved at the WHO laboratory workshop on October 22, 2003 (http://www.who.int/csr/sars/guidelines/en/SARSLabmeeting.pdf) Hitoshi Oshitani, head of the SARS response team at the WHO's Western Pacific Regional office, Manila, Philippines, adds: “We don't know how many laboratories are working with live SARS virus at the moment or where they all are. At the least, each government should know of all the labs working with the virus in their country so as to make sure they have the appropriate facilities…It is still difficult to interrupt animal-to-human transmission completely, but we should be able to avoid laboratory transmission of SARS. If the appropriate procedures are followed, nothing like this should happen”.
Baseline Characteristics of the Diabetic Participants in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
Authors: Joshua I. Barzilay, Cheryl L. Jones, Barry R. Davis, Jan N. Basile, David C. Goff, Jerry O. Ciocon, Mary Ellen Sweeney, Otelio S. Randall
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the setting of diabetes. There is no consensus on how best to treat hypertension among those with diabetes. Here we describe the characteristics of a cohort of hypertensive adults with diabetes who are part of a large prospective blood pressure study. This study will help clarify the treatment of HTN in the setting of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) is a double-blind randomized trial of 42,448 high-risk hypertensive participants, ages ≥55 years, designed to determine whether the incidence of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and combined cardiovascular events (fatal and nonfatal CHD, revascularization surgery, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, and stroke) differs between diuretic (chlorthalidone) treatment and three alternative antihypertensive therapies: a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril), and an alpha-adrenergic blocker (doxazosin). The planned follow-up is an average of 6 years, to be completed March 2002. RESULTS—There are 15,297 diabetic individuals in the ALLHAT study (36.0% of the entire cohort). Of these individuals, 50.2% are male, 39.4% are African-American, and 17.7% are Hispanic. Demographic and laboratory characteristics of the cohort are similar to those of other studies of the U.S. elderly population with HTN. The sample size has 42 and 93% confidence, respectively, for detecting a 16% difference between the diuretic and each of the nondiuretic treatments for the two study outcomes. CONCLUSIONS—The diabetic cohort in ALLHAT will be able to provide valuable information about the treatment of hypertension in older diabetic patients at risk for incident CVD.
Radiographic appearance of nosocomial legionnaires' disease after erythromycin treatment.
Authors: C Domingo, J Roig, F Planas, J Bechini, M Tenesa, J Morera
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Radiographic features of 71 patients (48 men, 23 women) with nosocomial Legionella pneumophila pneumonia were assessed and compared with those of other nosocomial series of L pneumophila pneumonia. Sixteen patients were assessed retrospectively and 55 prospectively. Chest radiographs were assessed at the onset of the illness, 10 days later, and at 3 months. Erythromycin was given to 67 patients at the time of the diagnosis and to the remaining four at a later stage. Forty eight patients were over the age of 60. On the initial chest radiograph 53 of the 71 patients had unilateral shadowing (23 of them in the right lung); 35 had unilobar shadowing and the remaining 36 had more than one affected lobe. Pleural effusion was present in 24 cases and cavitation in 2. One patient had evidence of a pericardial effusion. At 10 days 21 patients had evidence of radiographic progression (14 ipsilateral), but 28 had improved. At 3 months 36 patients had an abnormal radiograph, 30 showing residual scarring, 15 loss of volume, six pleural shadows and two cavitation. Our series shows a lesser incidence of unilateral shadowing and pleural effusion than other nosocomial series and a lesser tendency to progression, but more patients had radiographic abnormalities at long term follow up.
CBP-93872 Inhibits NBS1-Mediated ATR Activation, Abrogating Maintenance of the DNA Double-Strand Break–Specific G2 Checkpoint
Authors: Takahisa Hirokawa, Bunsyo Shiotani, Midori Shimada, Kazuhiro Murata, Yoshikazu Johmura, Mayumi Haruta, Hidetoshi Tahara, Hiromitsu Takeyama, Makoto Nakanishi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract CBP-93872 was previously identified as a G2 checkpoint inhibitor using a cell-based high-throughput screening system. However, its molecular actions as well as cellular targets are largely unknown. Here, we uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying abrogation of the G2 checkpoint by CBP-93872. CBP-93872 specifically abrogates the DNA double-stranded break (DSB)–induced G2 checkpoint through inhibiting maintenance but not initiation of G2 arrest because of specific inhibition of DSB-dependent ATR activation. Hence, ATR-dependent phosphorylation of Nbs1 and replication protein A 2 upon DSB was strongly suppressed in the presence of CBP-93872. CBP-93872 did not seem to inhibit DNA-end resection, but did inhibit Nbs1-dependent and ssDNA-induced ATR activation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that CBP-93872 is an inhibitor of maintenance of the DSB-specific G2 checkpoint and thus might be a strong candidate as the basis for a drug that specifically sensitizes p53-mutated cancer cells to DSB-inducing DNA damage therapy. Cancer Res; 74(14); 3880–9. ©2014 AACR.
Who Should Do Gastrointestinal Endoscopy?
Authors: William MacMillan Rodney
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We take issue with the COMMENTARY "Who Should Be Doing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy?" by Melvin Schapiro, MD (1981; 245:577). Dr Schapiro's criteria will clearly limit all endoscopy to gastroenterologists and general surgeons. Colon cancer is increasing in the elderly, and sigmoidoscopy is essential in the presence of even minor symptoms. The flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy has increased the diagnostic value of this procedure, making it possible to examine areas inaccessible to the rigid instrument.<sup>1</sup>Failure to perform sigmoidoscopy in the presence of minor symptoms has been called the greatest repetitive error in day-to-day practice.<sup>2</sup>The rigid sigmoidoscopy generally allows visualization of only the most distal 15 to 18 cm of the colon.<sup>3</sup>Recent studies by Snyder et al<sup>4</sup>have clearly documented a change in the distribution of colon carcinoma, with a shift from the rectum to the colon, confirming the earlier work in this area
Wheatgrass in Afifi's Garden: Sprouting Integrative Oncology Collaborations in the Middle East
Authors: Eran Ben-Arye, Elad Schiff, Mariana Steiner, Michael Silbermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We suggest that bridging traditional and modern medicine can in many cases empower patients and enable them to better cope with cancer treatment. Our experiences in the Middle East might be applicable to other areas of the world facing a similar need to integrate evidence-based medicine with narrative-based, ethics-based, and ethnic medicine in the practice of oncology. In addition,we hope that our common efforts will encourage future collaboration among scientists and clinicians in the Middle East, which in turn might promote understanding, tolerance, and mutual respect among professionals in an area of the world troubled by ongoing geopolitical conflict.
The Great Cancer Epidemic
Authors: Norbert J. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> May I suggest an investigation to establish the responsibility for the subtitle of "Carcinoma of the Cervix Among Women in Their Twenties" by Cavanagh et al (<b>195</b>:834, 1966)? He or they might be punished appropriately by having to face a large reproduction of this atrocity, on desk or wall, complete with the exclamation point. With sympathy and dismay.
Degenerative Disk Disease of Cervical Spine
Authors: Zachary B. Friedenberg
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Degeneration of the cervical disk was seen most often between the fifth and sixth and between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae. Most clinical findings also were related to these levels, with involvement of the sixth and seventh cervical roots. Current methods of therapy in the treatment of cervical pain radiating into the upper extremity due to degenerative disk disease infrequently resulted in lasting relief. Symptoms were relieved after nonoperative and operative measures, but recurrence was common. Fortunately, paresis and sensory deficits were not progressive and rarely disabling. X-rays proved to be of limited value in diagnosis and prognosis.
Abstract 3403: Heart Failure Patients Improve their Exercise Capacity after Cardiac Rehabilitation Irrespective of having a Preserved or Depressed Ejection Fraction
Authors: Veronica Franco, Todd M Brown, Jose A Tallaj, Bonnie Sanderson, Vera A Bittner
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Whether exercise training reduces morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if cardiac rehabilitation (CR) outcomes differ in HF patients with and without systolic dysfunction. Methods: We included the 152 patients completing CR from 1996 to 2006 with HF listed as the primary diagnosis or as a co-morbidity. Based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at enrollment, we divided patients into 2 groups: those with LVEF ≥ 45% (51/152, 34%) and those with LVEF &lt; 45% (101/152, 66%). At baseline, we compared distance, perceived exertion (Borg Scale), shortness of breath (Dyspnea Scale), and maximum heart rate (MHR) during a 6 minute walk test (MWT);self reported physical activity (total metabolic hours); depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]); and quality of life (physical component score [PCS] and mental component score [MCS] of the SF-36) between the 2 groups. Within each group, we compared changes from baseline to CR completion for each parameter. We compared differences between groups with multivariate linear regression to assess the association between LVEF classification and changes in each parameter, controlling for age, race, gender, and baseline value of the parameter. Results: Mean age (61 vs. 62 years), race (43% vs. 43% non-white), and gender (36% vs. 37% women) were similar in the 2 groups. At baseline, both groups had similar 6 MWT values, depressive symptoms, and quality of life, although Borg scores were higher in the LVEF ≥ 45% group. At CR completion, the 2 groups showed improvement in all parameters (all p&lt;0.05) except MHR on 6 MWT, which was unchanged in both groups. After adjusting for age, race, gender, and baseline value of each parameter, there was no difference in the magnitude of the improvement between the 2 groups (table ). Conclusions: Patients with clinical heart failure symptoms, regardless of ejection fraction, benefit from exercise training.
Epinephrine Aerosol for Insect Sting Reactions
Authors: Alex Silverglade
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  The Medical Newssection ofThe Journal( 213 :27, 1970) carried an account of a study by Hoehne et al in which the absorption of epinephrine administered as an aerosol was compared with the absorption of the compound when given subcutaneously. Urine levels of epinephrine excreted during different time periods were employed to indicate the amounts of the adrenergic stimulant absorbed. On this basis the report concluded that inhaling from pressurized cartridge proves to be one-tenth as effective in adding epinephrine to the bloodstream as subcutaneous injections which inspired the headline Shots, not spray, may be best for insect sting reaction.  The validity of the conclusion is questioned. The object of treatment of insect stings is to alleviate symptoms and to prevent or correct anaphylactic reactions. What is important, then, is that the amount absorbed be sufficient to accomplish these ends. That achieved, excess amounts serve no
Duplicated Hospital Facilities
Authors: Paul B. Ginsburg, Daniel M. Koretz, Steven A. Finkler, David W Palm, Stephen Frederick, John Sahs, William B. Schwartz, Paul L. Joskow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Abstract One strategy for controlling the costs of health care is to eliminate duplicative hospital facilities so that the current volume of services can be delivered more efficiently. We evaluated...
Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in High Burden Countries: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Anna Vassall, Sanne van Kampen, Hojoon Sohn, Joy S. Michael, K. R. John, Saskia den Boon, J. Lucian Davis, Andrew Whitelaw, Mark P. Nicol, Maria Tarcela Gler, Anar Khaliqov, Carlos Zamudio, Mark D. Perkins, Catharina C. Boehme, Frank Cobelens
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Background Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) is a promising new rapid diagnostic technology for tuberculosis (TB) that has characteristics that suggest large-scale roll-out. However, because the test is expensive, there are concerns among TB program managers and policy makers regarding its affordability for low- and middle-income settings. Methods and Findings We estimate the impact of the introduction of Xpert on the costs and cost-effectiveness of TB care using decision analytic modelling, comparing the introduction of Xpert to a base case of smear microscopy and clinical diagnosis in India, South Africa, and Uganda. The introduction of Xpert increases TB case finding in all three settings; from 72%–85% to 95%–99% of the cohort of individuals with suspected TB, compared to the base case. Diagnostic costs (including the costs of testing all individuals with suspected TB) also increase: from US$28–US$49 to US$133–US$146 and US$137–US$151 per TB case detected when Xpert is used "in addition to" and "as a replacement of" smear microscopy, respectively. The incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for using Xpert "in addition to" smear microscopy, compared to the base case, range from US$41–$110 per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted. Likewise the ICERS for using Xpert "as a replacement of" smear microscopy range from US$52–$138 per DALY averted. These ICERs are below the World Health Organization (WHO) willingness to pay threshold. Conclusions Our results suggest that Xpert is a cost-effective method of TB diagnosis, compared to a base case of smear microscopy and clinical diagnosis of smear-negative TB in low- and middle-income settings where, with its ability to substantially increase case finding, it has important potential for improving TB diagnosis and control. The extent of cost-effectiveness gain to TB programmes from deploying Xpert is primarily dependent on current TB diagnostic practices. Further work is required during scale-up to validate these findings. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Membranous-like glomerulopathy with masked IgG kappa deposits
Authors: Christopher P. Larsen, Josephine M. Ambuzs, Stephen M. Bonsib, Christie L. Boils, L. Nicholas Cossey, Nidia C. Messias, Fred G. Silva, Yihan H. Wang, Neriman Gokden, Patrick D. Walker
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Incidental Visualization of the Teres Major Muscles During Bone Scanning After Vigorous Exercise
Authors: BERND BRIELE, ANDREAS HOTZE, HANS-JUERGEN BIERSACK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 29-year-old man was referred for a bone scan as part of the follow-up after surgery and chemotherapy because of a testicular tumor 4 months earlier. He had complained of slight muscle pain in both shoulder regions after competitive rowing (member of a rowing club) 1 day before the examination. The bone scan was performed 2 hours after intravenous injection of 20 mCl (740 MBq) of Tc-99m MDP and revealed a well circumscribed extraosseous accumulation of tracer in both teres major muscles and their tendinous insertions, whereas the skeleton showed an unremarkable tracer distribution pattern.
An inflammatory proposal for hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Rachel I. Brody, Neil D. Theise, Roberto J. Groszmann, Yasuko Iwakiri, Tamar H. Taddei
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is essential for liver development and hepatocyte function. Here, we show that transient inhibition of HNF4α initiates hepatocellular transformation through a microRNA-inflammatory feedback loop circuit consisting of miR-124, IL6R, STAT3, miR-24, and miR-629. Moreover, we show that, once this circuit is activated, it maintains suppression of HNF4α and sustains oncogenesis. Systemic administration of miR-124, which modulates inflammatory signaling, prevents and suppresses hepatocellular carcinogenesis by inducing tumor-specific apoptosis without toxic side effects. As we also show that this HNF4α circuit is perturbed in human hepatocellular carcinomas, our data raise the possibility that manipulation of this microRNA feedback-inflammatory loop has therapeutic potential for treating liver cancer .
ETIOLOGY OF OROYA FEVER
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Nine monkeys (Macacus rhesus) and a chimpanzee which had recently recovered from an infection with the Oroya strain of Bartonella bacilliformis were tested for immunity against the verruga strain of Bartonella bacilliformis as well as against the homologous strain. Complete immunity to both strains was demonstrated. The result establishes the identity of the strains and is in agreement with the result of comparative serological study. The criteria of recovery include not only the subsidence of febrile reactions and local lesions but also a negative result of cultural tests of blood and lymphatic gland tissue. Recovery may occur as early as 1 month after inoculation, but in most instances a period of 2 to 5 months is required for the completion of convalescence.