tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) represent a real challenge in stem cell biology: recent pros and cons in the midst of a lively debate
Authors: M Z Ratajczak, E Zuba-Surma, W Wojakowski, M Suszynska, K Mierzejewska, R Liu, J Ratajczak, D M Shin, M Kucia
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

The concept that adult tissue, including bone marrow (BM), contains early-development cells with broader differentiation potential has again been recently challenged. In response, we would like to review the accumulated evidence from several independent laboratories that adult tissues, including BM, harbor a population of very rare stem cells that may cross germ layers in their differentiation potential. Thus, the BM stem cell compartment hierarchy needs to be revisited. These dormant, early-development cells that our group described as very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) most likely overlap with similar populations of stem cells that have been identified in adult tissues by other investigators as the result of various experimental strategies and have been given various names. As reported, murine VSELs have some pluripotent stem cell characteristics. Moreover, they display several epiblast/germline markers that suggest their embryonic origin and developmental deposition in adult BM. Moreover, at the molecular level, changes in expression of parentally imprinted genes (for example, Igf2-H19) and resistance to insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) regulates their quiescent state in adult tissues. In several emergency situations related to organ damage, VSELs can be activated and mobilized into peripheral blood, and in appropriate animal models they contribute to tissue organ/regeneration. Interestingly, their number correlates with lifespan in mice, and they may also be involved in some malignancies. VSELs have been successfully isolated in several laboratories; however, some investigators experience problems with their isolation.
Corneal donation in the accident and emergency department: observational study
Authors: J Long
Journal: BMJ (2000)

repeated, examining education instead of social class.Approval was obtained from the ethics committee, and participants gave written informed consent.Being in the manual social class (26%) was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of calcification (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 5.2, P = 0.04), as was having left full time education before the age of 19 (odds ratio 2.8 (1.2 to 6.3), P = 0.01).Adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, alcohol consumption, and body mass index either singly or simultaneously attenuated the odds ratios for social class (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (0.7 to 5.2), P = 0.2) and educational status (adjusted odds ratio 2.2 (0.8 to 6.0), P = 0.1) only slightly, although their significance was reduced.Adjusting for pack years of smoking and physical activity level in those 126 participants on whom these data were available did not alter the odds ratio.In this subgroup the odds ratio for social class was 1.8 and was 3.0 for educational status, both before and after adjustment.Contributors: HMC initiated the research, designed the protocol, participated in the data collection, analysed the data, and drafted the paper.She is also the guarantor.MBR helped formulate the hypothesis and study design, advised on the protocol, participated in the data collection, edited the paper, and scored all the electron beam computerised tomography scans.
Effects of an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, on alveolar macrophage function in smokers.
Authors: H Bergstrand, A Bjornson, E Blaschke, R Brattsand, A Eklund, K Larsson, M Linden
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Selected functions of alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of 12 healthy smokers were examined before and after eight weeks9 treatment with an inhaled glucocorticosteroid, budesonide (400 micrograms twice daily). After budesonide treatment spontaneous as well as opsonised zymosan triggered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion from harvested cells was reduced; no such reduction in opsonised zymosan triggered leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production was observed. Neither the capacity to phagocytose opsonised yeast particles nor the superoxide radical generation triggered by the calcium ionophore A23187, 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or opsonised zymosan ex vivo were more than marginally affected by the glucocorticosteroid treatment in vivo. Lavage fluid concentrations of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), however, after treatment were twice those before treatment and concentrations of fibronectin were reduced to half. Albumin concentrations in lavage fluid were not affected by the glucocorticosteroid treatment. In separate experiments treatment of alveolar macrophages with 10(-7) or 10(-6) M budesonide overnight in vitro did not affect their superoxide radical or PGE2 generation but significantly blocked LTB4 release. These data indicate that inhaled gluco-corticosteroid treatment may affect synthesis or release (or both) of ACE and fibronectin by alveolar macrophages from healthy smokers whereas other functions of these cells, such as the generation of reactive oxygen derived products ex vivo, are only marginally affected.
Comparison of the activity of short stay independent hospitals in England and Wales, 1981 and 1986.
Authors: J. P. Nicholl, N. R. Beeby, B. T. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1989)

From a sample of 19,000 treatment episodes at 183 of the 193 independent hospitals with operating facilities in England and Wales that were open during 1986 it is estimated that 404,000 inpatients were treated in 1986 (an increase of 48% since 1981) and 99,000 day cases (an increase of 112%). It was found that the procedure most commonly performed was abortion, though this made up only 19% of the total caseload in 1986 compared with 30% in 1981, otherwise the case mix in 1986 was similar to that in 1981. Fewer patients came from overseas in 1986 than in 1981, but the distribution by age and sex remained the same, with three quarters of the patients aged between 15 and 65. The estimated bed occupancy in the independent hospitals in 1986 was less than 60% nationally and only 52% in the Thames regions. It is concluded that in these five years the nature of the independent hospital sector changed little, and in 1986 the activity still consisted largely of routine cold elective surgery for people of working age, and the regional differences in admission rates to independent hospitals were nearly as great as in 1981.
Radiation Protection of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Andrew J. Einstein
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Considerations in the Diagnosis of Radiation Injury
Authors: Donna C. Chacko
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Radiation injury develops in a small proportion of patients after therapeutic radiation. The key factors that influence the likelihood and character of these radiation sequelae are discussed in this article. Proper consideration of these points will lead to more accurate diagnosis and, hence, more effective patient management. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1255-1258)
Investigation of the biodurability of wollastonite and xonotlite.
Authors: B Bellmann, H Muhle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The in vivo durability of wollastonite materials, coated and uncoated, and of xonotlite was tested. Wollastonite is an anhydrous natural silicate and xonotlite is a hydrated synthetic calcium silicate. UICC crocidolite was used as a positive control with high durability. Using a dry-sizing technique, fractions from the stock materials were prepared according to the definition of "thoracic particulate mass" and "respirable particulate mass" of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Fibers were instilled intratracheally into female Wistar rats, and the evenness of their distribution in the lung was checked by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After serial sacrifices at 2 and 14 days, 1, 3, and 6 months, and low temperature ashing of the lung, the fibers were analyzed by SEM. The number and size distribution of fibers were investigated. The total number of crocidolite fibers decreased with a half-time of 240 days, but the number of fibers &gt; 5 microns in length was unchanged after 6 months. The elimination kinetics of wollastonite fibers from the lung were relatively fast, with half-times of 15 to 21 days. The coating of wollastonite in Wollastocoat had no effect on this elimination process. For the thoracic fraction of wollastonite, the elimination from the lung was as fast as for the respirable particulate fraction. The elimination kinetics of xonotlite from the lung was very fast. This material consisted of single crystals of acicular morphology with a median length of 1.3 micron and of agglomerates of these crystals. More than 99% of single crystals and about 85 to 89% of the agglomerates were already eliminated 2 days after instillation.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic analyses of simple mixtures.
Authors: K Krishnan, H J Clewell, M E Andersen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Exposure to multiple chemicals may cause significant alterations of tissue dose of the toxic moiety of one or more of the individual chemicals. The change in target tissue dose of a chemical present in simple mixtures can be predicted when the determinants of disposition of each chemical, and the mechanism of toxicokinetic interaction between chemicals are understood at a quantitative level. Determinants of disposition include physiological (e.g., breathing rates, cardiac output, tissue volumes, blood flow rates), biochemical (e.g., kinetic constants for metabolism and protein binding), and physicochemical factors (e.g., blood air and tissue blood partition coefficients). Mechanisms of toxicokinetic interactions refer to the manner in which coexposure alters these determinants of disposition as compared to exposure to the individual chemicals. Interactions between chemicals can be described quantitatively with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which integrate these mechanic determinants and permit prediction of alterations in tissue dose for various exposure situations by computer simulation. PBPK modeling studies of binary chemical interactions conducted so far indicate that inhibitory rather than potentiating metabolic interactions are more likely to be observed during multiple chemical exposures. As PBPK models of representative binary, tertiary and quaternary mixtures are developed, it will become increasingly possible to draw reliable conclusions about the risk associated with human exposure to chemical mixtures.
Comment on Stegman et al. High-Intensity Statin Therapy Alters the Natural History of Diabetic Coronary Atherosclerosis: Insights From SATURN. Diabetes Care 2014;37:3114–3120
Authors: Bao-Tao Huang, Mao Chen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

We read with interest the article by Stegman et al. (1), which showed that high-intensity statin treatment reversed coronary plaque in patients with diabetes. The study provided new evidence for aggressive statin therapy in such a population; further, it underscored the importance of the LDL target value in diabetic patients. However, results from the study should be interpreted with following considerations.

First, although diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) represent a special population at high risk, participants recruited in the study (1) were relatively low risk; that is to say, they …
Comparative Evaluation of Oxygen Therapy Techniques
Authors: Ross C. Kory
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Although oxygen is an important and commonly used therapeutic agent, no definitive comparisons of the several techniques of oxygen administration have previously been reported. This study compared, by uniform methods in 15 subjects, the relative oxygen concentrations achieved at various oxygen flow rates, the CO<sub>2</sub>concentrations developed, and the comfort of the various techniques of oxygen administration in current clinical use. Of particular interest was the fact that the oxygen concentrations achieved by either the nasal catheter or the nasal cannula did not differ significantly, whether the subject breathed through his mouth or his nose. An over-all evaluation of these techniques provided the following order of preference: (1) nasal cannula, (2) plastic face masks, (3) nasal catheter, (4) plastic face tent, (5) rubber oronasal masks, and (6) oxygen tent.
A grateful patient
Authors: Robert Milne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

included 357 (13%) preregistration house officers, 1124 (42%) senior house officers, and 1188 (44%) specialist registrars.This distribution over-represents preregistration house officers, who make up 10% of the trainee population.Respondents included 1429 (53%) men and 2090 (78%) UK graduates."Yes" responses to the stem question were given by 484 (18%) respondents, ranging from 6% to 38% in different trusts, unrelated to type of trust.A yes response was more likely the more junior the grade (table ).The table also shows analysis of who the main source of this behaviour was and whether the respondent had complained (and if not, why not).Only 153 (32%) respondents had complained, with no significant difference between the grades, but we found highly significant differences between the training grades in the source of the behaviour and in the reasons for not complaining.Consultants were the source in 130 (27%) cases, including 43 (54%) of the 80 respondents who were afraid of the consequences of complaining.Yes responses to the stem question were more common in women than men (21% (262/1241) v 16% (222/1429)), significantly so among senior house officers, but the pattern was the same.Yes responses were more common among non-UK respondents (21% (120/580) v 17% (364/ 2090)), significantly so among specialist registrars.
Cancer risks in naval divers with multiple exposures to carcinogens.
Authors: Elihu D Richter, Lee S Friedman, Yuval Tamir, Tamar Berman, Or Levy, Jerome B Westin, Tamar Peretz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We investigated risks for cancer and the case for a cause-effect relationship in five successive cohorts of naval commando divers (n = 682) with prolonged underwater exposures (skin, gastrointestinal tract, and airways) to many toxic compounds in the Kishon River, Israel's most polluted waterway, from 1948 to 1995. Releases of industrial, ship, and agricultural effluents in the river increased substantially, fish yields decreased, and toxic damage to marine organisms increased. Among the divers (16,343 person-years follow-up from 18 years of age to year 2000), the observed/expected ratio for all tumors was 2.29 (p&lt;0.01). Risks increased in cohorts first diving after 1960 compared to risks in earlier cohorts, notably for hematolymphopoietic, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, and skin cancer; induction periods were often brief. The findings suggest that the increases in risk for cancer and short induction periods resulted from direct contact with and absorption of multiple toxic compounds. Early toxic effects in marine life predicted later risks for cancer in divers.
VERY LATE STENT THROMBOSIS AT LEFT MAIN TRUNK SITE AFTER SIROLIMUS–ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION: SIX–YEAR OUTCOMES FROM SINGLE–CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Suguru Otsuru, Kazushige Kadota, Daiji Hasegawa, Seiji Habara, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mutations in cornea-specific keratin K3 or K12 genes cause Meesmann's corneal dystrophy
Authors: Alan D. Irvine, Laura D. Corden, Ole Swensson, Beate Swensson, Jonathan E. Moore, David G. Frazer, Frances J.D. Smith, Robert G. Knowlton, Enno Christophers, Rainer Rochels, Jouni Uitto, W.H. Irwin McLean
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Essential role of IRF4 and MYC signaling for survival of anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Andre Weilemann, Michael Grau, Tabea Erdmann, Olaf Merkel, Ulduz Sobhiafshar, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Michael Hummel, Antje Siegert, Claudia Hayford, Hannelore Madle, Brigitte Wollert-Wulf, Iduna Fichtner, Bernd Dörken, Stephan Dirnhofer, Stephan Mathas, Martin Janz, N. C. Tolga Emre, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott, Peter Lenz, Alexandar Tzankov, Georg Lenz
Journal: Blood (2014)
Increasing age at presentation for patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: R Will, A Calin, J Kirwan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

An analysis of the age at first presentation was undertaken in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and mechanical back pain seen at the London Hospital department of rheumatology between 1952 and 1983. There was a significant positive correlation with the calendar year of presentation in the patients with ankylosing spondylitis but a negative correlation in those with mechanical back pain. An increasing age at presentation in ankylosing spondylitis is likely to be due to an increasing age at disease onset--all anticipated biases would act in the opposite direction. This observation in a prospective study supports the findings of other studies using different epidemiological techniques.
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. Deficient activity of the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase component of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase in cultured fibroblasts.
Authors: W B Rizzo, D A Craft
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an inherited disorder associated with impaired fatty alcohol oxidation due to deficient activity of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase (FAO). FAO is a complex enzyme which consists of two separate proteins that sequentially catalyze the oxidation of fatty alcohol to fatty aldehyde and fatty acid. To determine which enzymatic component of FAO was deficient in SLS, we assayed fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) and fatty alcohol dehydrogenase in cultured fibroblasts from seven unrelated SLS patients. All SLS cells were selectively deficient in the FALDH component of FAO, and had normal activity of fatty alcohol dehydrogenase. The extent of FALDH deficiency in SLS cells depended on the aliphatic aldehyde used as substrate, ranging from 62% of mean normal activity using propionaldehyde as substrate to 8% of mean normal activity with octadecanal. FALDH activity in obligate SLS heterozygotes was partially decreased to 49 +/- 7% of mean normal activity using octadecanal as substrate. Differential centrifugation studies in fibroblasts indicated that this FALDH enzyme was largely particulate; soluble FALDH activity was normal in SLS cells. Intact SLS fibroblasts oxidized octadecanol to fatty acid at less than 10% of the normal rate, but oxidized free octadecanal normally, suggesting that the FALDH affected in SLS is chiefly involved in the oxidation of fatty alcohol to fatty acid. These results show that the primary enzymatic defect in SLS is the FALDH component of the FAO complex, which leads to deficient oxidation of fatty aldehyde derived from fatty alcohol.
Temsirolimus, an Inhibitor of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
Authors: Brian I. Rini
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Temsirolimus (Torisel, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals) is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a molecule implicated in multiple tumor-promoting intracellular signaling pathways. Temsirolimus recently became the first Food and Drug Administration–approved mTOR-targeted agent based on a
Pulse Examination by an Ultrasonic Method
Authors: S. T. Yao, J. T. Hobbs, W. T. Irvine
Journal: BMJ (1968)

One hundred patients with occlusive arterial disease affecting the lower extremities and 25 normal adults were examined by ultrasonic flow velocity detector. This new and harmless method is simple and has proved to be a very useful aid in both the diagnosis and the management of arterial disease.
Radionuclide Cisternography in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
Authors: MYRIAM BENAMOR, CATHERINE TAINTURIER, PHILIPPE GRAVELEAU, LAURENT PIEROT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

We report a case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension(SIH) that was investigated using cranial MRI and radionuclide cisternography. Radionuclide imaging was remarkable, showing direct signs of diffuse asymmetric leakage and indirect signs of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypotension consisting of slow CSF circulation to the convexity and rapid appearance of urinary bladder activity. The MRI appearance was also suggestive of SIH, with diffuse meningeal enhancement. Treatment with autologous blood injection at the level of the radionuclide spinal leakage was useful, resulting in disappearance of SIH symptoms.
Allelic Exclusion of the T Cell Receptor β Locus Requires the Sh2 Domain–Containing Leukocyte Protein (Slp)-76 Adaptor Protein
Authors: Iannis Aifantis, Vadim I. Pivniouk, Frank Gärtner, Jacqueline Feinberg, Wojciech Swat, Frederick W. Alt, Harald von Boehmer, Raif S. Geha
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Signaling via the pre-T cell receptor (TCR) is required for the proliferative expansion and maturation of CD4−CD8− double-negative (DN) thymocytes into CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) cells and for TCR-β allelic exclusion. The adaptor protein SH2 domain–containing leukocyte protein (SLP)-76 has been shown to play a crucial role in thymic development, because thymocytes of SLP-76−/− mice are arrested at the CD25+CD44− DN stage. Here we show that SLP-76−/− DN thymocytes express the pre-TCR on their surfaces and that introduction of a TCR-α/β transgene into the SLP-76−/− background fails to cause expansion of DN thymocytes or developmental progression to the DP stage. Moreover, analysis of TCR-β rearrangement in SLP-76−/− TCR-transgenic mice or in single CD25+CD44− DN cells from SLP-76−/− mice indicates an essential role of SLP-76 in TCR-β allelic exclusion.