tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient Recall of Self-Care Recommendations in Diabetes
Authors: Patricia Page, Dorothy G Verstraete, Jean R Robb, Donnell D Etzwiler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Twenty-four insulin-dependent diabetic patients were interviewed immediately after a follow-up visit to an outpatient pediatric clinic to determine which of the recorded instructions delivered by professionals were recalled by patients. The health care team reported giving an average of seven recommendations per patient, or a total of 168 items listed by team members as important. Patients recalled an average of two recommendations, or a total of 50 items, 40% of which had not been recorded by team members. Recommendations concerning diet, insulin dosage and injections, urine testing, and exercise represented 80% of those recalled by patients and only 58% of those recorded by professionals. The results were interpreted to suggest that health care teams focus on fewer items to insure communication of the most appropriate recommendations for individual patients.
PTH-194 A Retrospective Analysis of Glucose-Hydrogen Breath test for Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: S West, A C Ford, K Argyle, D Hick, J S Jennings
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterised by diarrhoea and malabsorption. Identifying those at risk is key to diagnosis and treatment. We reviewed all glucose-hydrogen breath tests (GHBTs) performed for suspected SIBO, over a 6-year period in a single teaching hospital to identify associated risk factors and assessed the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment among those with a positive test. <h3>Methods</h3> We collected data retrospectively for all GHBTs performed to investigate possible SIBO from 2006 to 2011. Demographic data and information concerning potential risk factors for SIBO were collected by review of clinic letters. A positive GHBT was defined as a rise of post-glucose end-tidal hydrogen reading &gt; 20 parts per million from pre-dose baseline during the 2-hour 20 minute test period. Frequency of potential risk factors for SIBO among those with a positive GHBT compared to those with a negative GHBT were assessed using an odds ratio (OR) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Success of treatment with antibiotics for confirmed SIBO was judged according to patient report. <h3>Results</h3> 316 patients underwent GHBT during the 6-year period. Of these, 17 were tertiary referrals and were excluded. Among the remaining 299 patients median age was 52 years (range:17–91) and 201 (66.9%) were female. 59 (19.7%) patients had a positive GHBT, 232 were negative, and 8 had equivocal results. Among these 59 patients median age was 61 years (range:20–91) and 39 (66.1%) were female. Of those with a positive test the principal indications for GHBT were diarrhoea in 35 (63.6%), diarrhoea and bloating in 9 (16.4%), high stoma output in 4, bloating alone in 3, abdominal pain in 3, and weight loss in 1. Presence of type II diabetes (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.08–6.54) and previous intestinal surgery (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.31–4.56) were significantly associated with a positive GHBT. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.49–1.88), previous radiotherapy (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.30–2.09), presence of scleroderma (OR 1.27; 95% CI 0.39–3.51), opiate-use (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.55–2.52), and presence of Crohn’s disease (OR 1.35; 95% CI 0.65–2.70) were not significantly associated with a positive GHBT. In total, 43 patients with a positive GHBT received antibiotic treatment. Of these 21 (48.8%) improved, 18 (41.8%) had no improvement and in 4 the response to therapy could not be ascertained. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Almost 20% of patients undergoing GHBT tested positive. Risk factors among our series of patients included type II diabetes and previous surgery. Interestingly, despite assertions from others, PPI use was not significantly associated with a positive GHBT. Almost 50% of patients with a positive GHBT responded to antibiotic treatment on clinical grounds. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
CLINICAL and EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS upon GENERAL PARALYSIS
Authors: L. C. Bruce
Journal: BMJ (1901)

In her case the pulse of late years has become extremely slow, and she has presented some symptoms of myxcedema.It is remarkable that in this case the amyl class of drugs are use- less,-whilst strychnine gives speedy relief both to epileptic and cardiac phenomena.I' CARDIAC HESITATION."Cases of cardiac hesitation with pulse of uneven rhythm, not amounting to intermittency and presenting occasional attacks of fainting, are not very infrequent amongst children, young boys especially, between six and puberty.They are easily tired, and are generally anaemic.It is quite exceptional to find them addicted to any secret vice.There is nothing abnormal beyond altered rhythm and vacillating force to be found in the heart.The distinction between this form of heart failure and petit mal is often difficult, and I am strongly inclined to regard the two conditions as allied.Re- moval from all mental pressure, an outdoor life and arsenical tonics generally result in gradual recovery.I have endeavoured in this address rather to suggest lines of thought than methods of treatment, feeling that you are as competent as I to give a practical therapeutic interpretation to whatever of my suggestions may meet with your accept- ance.
OC-033 Is Lymphocytic Duodenosis a Marker for Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
Authors: I Aziz, D M Smillie, D S Sanders
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Lymphocytic duodenosis (LD) is defined by normal villous architecture and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) &gt; 25 per 100 enterocytes. Such patients should not be diagnosed with coeliac disease (CD), solely by histology, as recent studies have suggested other associations with LD. Despite a paucity of data, previous investigators have suggested that LD may also be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). <b>Aims</b>To prospectively assess the associations between LD and IBS. <h3>Methods</h3> Two hundred patients with LD were investigated for associated LD conditions, by means of revisiting the patient’s history and recent investigations including the initial coeliac serology, followed by a combination of gluten challenge, HLA typing, repeat duodenal biopsies, and exclusion of infection/inflammatory bowel disease. A diagnosis of CD was based on the persistence or progression of LD on a gluten-containing diet, the presence of HLA DQ2 or DQ8, and a clinical response to a gluten free diet. In the absence of an alternative cause, a diagnosis of IBS was made on the presence of the ROME III criteria. <h3>Results</h3> 150 female, 50 male, mean age 49, SD 16, age range 17–83 An identifiable association was found in 70% of patients : CD (20%), NSAIDs (17%) and H.pylori (16%) accounting for the majority. Other causes included gastrointestinal infections (7%), autoimmune disorders (5.5%), inflammatory bowel disease (2%), TB or HIV (1.5%), and IgA deficiency (1%). In 60 cases (30%) no cause was found, although reassuringly two-thirds normalised their histology. In just over half of those without an identifiable cause, symptoms were consistent with IBS (35/60). IBS, therefore, accounted for 17% of all LD cases. Whereas all patients with CD were HLA positive, only 55% of those with alternative causes or IBS were HLA positive (p &lt; 0.0001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> 17% of LD is associated with the Rome III criteria for IBS. LD may, therefore, be a disease marker for IBS and a reflection of low grade inflammatory response although no clues to the triggering mechanism were elucidated. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Lack of causal relationship between inducibility/severity of adjuvant arthritis in the rat and disease associated changes in production of nitric oxide by macrophages.
Authors: Z Zidek, D Frankova, B Otova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the formation of nitric oxide (NO) by peritoneal macrophages in three inbred strains of rats differing both in their susceptibility to the induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) and in the severity of the disease. METHODS--AA was induced by intraplantar injection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in paraffin oil. Isolated peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 24 hours and supernatants were assayed for nitrite using Griess reagent. RESULTS--All rats of the LEW and BN strains became diseased, but the F344 strain included both responders and non-responders. No significant interstrain differences were observed in the generation of NO by macrophages from control animals. Nitrite concentrations were remarkably enhanced in all M.tb treated animals, regardless of the absence or presence of AA, and did not parallel its severity. Altered production of NO by macrophages from adjuvant treated rats was normalised in vitro in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSIONS--Our findings suggest that the activity of constitutive or inducible NO synthase in peritoneal macrophages cannot be regarded as a determinant of genetically controlled disease inducibility and severity. Secretion of latent forms of certain NO downregulatory factors during development of AA may be implicated.
Vaccine-elicited Human T Cells Recognizing Conserved Protein Regions Inhibit HIV-1
Authors: Nicola Borthwick, Tina Ahmed, Beatrice Ondondo, Peter Hayes, Annie Rose, Umar Ebrahimsa, Emma-Jo Hayton, Antony Black, Anne Bridgeman, Maximillian Rosario, Adrian VS Hill, Eleanor Berrie, Sarah Moyle, Nicole Frahm, Josephine Cox, Stefano Colloca, Alfredo Nicosia, Jill Gilmour, Andrew J McMichael, Lucy Dorrell, Tomáš Hanke
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Virus diversity and escape from immune responses are the biggest challenges to the development of an effective vaccine against HIV-1. We hypothesized that T-cell vaccines targeting the most conserved regions of the HIV-1 proteome, which are common to most variants and bear fitness costs when mutated, will generate effectors that efficiently recognize and kill virus-infected cells early enough after transmission to potentially impact on HIV-1 replication and will do so more efficiently than whole protein-based T-cell vaccines. Here, we describe the first-ever administration of conserved immunogen vaccines vectored using prime-boost regimens of DNA, simian adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara to uninfected UK volunteers. The vaccine induced high levels of effector T cells that recognized virus-infected autologous CD4+ cells and inhibited HIV-1 replication by up to 5.79 log10. The virus inhibition was mediated by both Gag- and Pol- specific effector CD8+ T cells targeting epitopes that are typically subdominant in natural infection. These results provide proof of concept for using a vaccine to target T cells at conserved epitopes, showing that these T cells can control HIV-1 replication in vitro. Virus diversity and escape from immune responses are the biggest challenges to the development of an effective vaccine against HIV-1. We hypothesized that T-cell vaccines targeting the most conserved regions of the HIV-1 proteome, which are common to most variants and bear fitness costs when mutated, will generate effectors that efficiently recognize and kill virus-infected cells early enough after transmission to potentially impact on HIV-1 replication and will do so more efficiently than whole protein-based T-cell vaccines. Here, we describe the first-ever administration of conserved immunogen vaccines vectored using prime-boost regimens of DNA, simian adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara to uninfected UK volunteers. The vaccine induced high levels of effector T cells that recognized virus-infected autologous CD4+ cells and inhibited HIV-1 replication by up to 5.79 log10. The virus inhibition was mediated by both Gag- and Pol- specific effector CD8+ T cells targeting epitopes that are typically subdominant in natural infection. These results provide proof of concept for using a vaccine to target T cells at conserved epitopes, showing that these T cells can control HIV-1 replication in vitro.
Local interleukin-4 suppression by antisense oligonucleotides blocks IgE synthesis events
Authors: Pierre Olivier Fiset, Abdelilah Soussi-Gounni, Pota Christodoulopoulos, Lisa Cameron, Steve Sobol, Saul Frenkiel, Francois Lavigne, Qutayba A Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Of Herbs and Spices
Authors: R. J. Main
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This is a delightfully written book which discusses plants used as spices and healing herbs, both past and present. The introduction describes the important part that these plants have played in history; the pleasing illustrations are from a 16th century herbal. The book will prove of interest to devotees of medical history, Shakespeare, and fine cooking. It explains well such quotations as, "His wit's as thick as Tewkesbury mustard," and, "Rosemary, that's for remembrance." The derivation of the names of many plants also makes for interesting reading, for example, foxglove (digitalis), from Anglo-Saxon<i>foxes glew</i>(fox music), a musical instrument of bells hung on an arched support comparable to the spray of digitalis blossoms. It is unfortunate, however, that the author did not consult some technical advisor; this would have prevented him from obtaining "insulin" (sic) from several plants, and affirming that "apiol is also considered to be a safe
Postoperative Lymphocele Demonstrated by Lymphoscintigraphy SPECT/CT
Authors: Deng-Yu Han, Mei-Fang Cheng, Rouh-Fang Yen, Kai-Yuan Tzen, Yen-Wen Wu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Lymphoscintigraphy is a useful and safe tool for the diagnostic evaluation of a swollen extremity as well as sentinel lymph node biopsy in malignancies. Here, we report a 34-year-old woman who developed progressive abdominal distention and bilateral lower limb edema 3 months after simultaneous pancreas and renal transplantation. Color Doppler-duplex ultrasound revealed patent deep veins of bilateral lower extremities without evidence of thrombosis. Lymphoscintigraphy demonstrated a large area of tracer accumulation at left lower quadrant of abdomen, suggestive of a postoperative lymphocele. SPECT/CT successfully localized the lesion near the renal graft.
The role of chrysin and the Ah receptor in induction of the humanUGT1A1 genein vitro and in transgenicUGT1 mice
Authors: Jessica A. Bonzo, Alain Bélanger, Robert H. Tukey
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The flavonoid chrysin is an important dietary substance and induces UGT1A1 protein expression in cell culture. As a representative of the class of dietary flavonoids, clinical investigations have been considered as a means of inducing hepatic UGT1A1 expression. We demonstrate the necessity of a xenobiotic response element (XRE) in support of chrysin induction of UGT1A1 in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Receptor binding assays confirm that chrysin is a ligand for the Ah receptor by competition with [3H]2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo - p -dioxin (TCDD). However, key differences in Ah receptor recognition and activation of UGT1A1 by chrysin exist when compared with classical mechanisms of UGT1A1 induction by TCDD. Ah receptor degradation, an indicator of Ah receptor activation, does not occur after chrysin treatment, and chrysin cannot transactivate the Ah receptor in a TCDD-dependent fashion. Knock-down of the Ah receptor by siRNA indicates that chrysin uses the Ah receptor in conjunction with other factors through MAP kinase signaling pathways to maximally induce UGT1A1 . Most importantly, oral treatment of chrysin to transgenic mice that express the human UGT1 locus is unable to induce UGT1A1 expression in either the small intestine or liver. Conclusion: Although the implications for chrysin as an atypical agonist of the Ah receptor are intriguing at the molecular level, the relevance of chrysin-induced transcription for the purpose of clinical therapies or to regulate phase 2–dependent glucuronidation is questionable given the lack of in vivo regulation of human UGT1A1 by chrysin in a transgenic animal model.
Human cowpox 1969–93: a review based on 54 cases
Authors: D. BAXBY, M. BENNETT, B. GETTY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

This survey of the clinical and epidemiological features of human cowpox, a rare but relatively severe zoonotic infection, is based on 54 cases, many unpublished, which we have studied since 1969. Patients present with painful, haemorrhagic pustules or black eschars, usually on the hand or face, accompanied by oedema, erythema, lymphadenopathy, and systemic involvement. Severe, occasionally fatal, cases occur in eczematous and immunosuppressed individuals, although cowpox has not yet been reported in anyone infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Variations in the clinical features are described, and the differential clinical diagnosis of cowpox, parapox, herpes virus, and anthrax infections is discussed. The role of the laboratory in diagnosis is described, and the value of electron microscopy in providing rapid confirmation is emphasized. Care in taking a detailed history will assist in the initial clinical diagnosis, and a history of contact with domestic cats, particularly during July-October, is important. The possible influence of smallpox vaccination on the incidence and severity is discussed and discounted.
Clinical Application of Ultrasound 3 D Imaging System in Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: K. Yoshimoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

The usefulness of the ultrasound 3 D imaging system (3 D-EUS) is reported. 3 D-EUS using an ultrasonic probe has been introduced as a result of the developments in 3 D-EUS (EU-IP) by Olympus. The 3 D-EUS image was reconstructed by composing the radial and linear images produced by 40 slices of radial image, which were obtained by spiral scanning of the ultrasonic probe in the sheath. This system also allowed numerous functions, such as multifreeze, high-resolution images, measurement etc. for a definitive diagnosis.In the past three years, 190 lesions of the gastrointestinal tract were examined by 3 D-EUS. The rate of correct approach to the lesions was 89% (overall). The most inappropriate approach was a result of the oblique probe approach, or lesions sited in difficult positions. The radial, linear and 3 D images were generally good. Pulsation, deep attenuation and small lesions caused the worst images. Most small lesions were imaged thoroughly with radial imaging and so no significant changes can be seen with 3 D images. High-resolution images were more precise and finer than with plain EUS.3 D-EUS contributed more useful and finer images for the EUS examinations. Gastrointestinal lesions are generally well displayed and recognizable. There are still a few problems to be solved for proper imaging, but there should be positive advances in diagnostic ability with the development of this system.
Mucinous carcinoma of the skin could have either an eccrine or an apocrine origin
Authors: H. MITSUI, T. WATANABE, M. JINNIN, T. KADONO, T. IDEZUKI, K. TAMAKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Mucinous carcinoma of the skin could have either an eccrine or an apocrine origin Get access H. MITSUI, H. MITSUI Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan E‐mail: mitsuih‐der@h.u‐tokyo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. WATANABE, T. WATANABE Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan E‐mail: mitsuih‐der@h.u‐tokyo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. JINNIN, M. JINNIN Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan E‐mail: mitsuih‐der@h.u‐tokyo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. KADONO, T. KADONO Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan E‐mail: mitsuih‐der@h.u‐tokyo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. IDEZUKI, T. IDEZUKI Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan E‐mail: mitsuih‐der@h.u‐tokyo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. TAMAKI K. TAMAKI Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan E‐mail: mitsuih‐der@h.u‐tokyo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 6, 1 December 2004, Pages 1285–1286, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06297.x Published: 01 December 2004
Infection as a cause of multiple sclerosis
Authors: J. Murray
Journal: BMJ (2002)

It is difficult to think of an aetiological theory that has not been suggested to explain multiple sclerosis. Disconcertingly, however, many of the aetiological questions asked over 150 years ago are still unanswered.1 Is the disease due to a vascular defect as initially suggested by Rindfleisch in 1863, who noted a blood vessel in the centre of each plaque, or is it a defect in the glial tissue as argued by Charcot in 1868 after he viewed and drew the glial and nerve changes under his microscope? Oppenheim was certain that multiple sclerosis was caused by environmental toxins. In the middle of the 20th century interest centred around the possibility that it was an immunological disease and, more recently, a genetic disease.

Perhaps the most enduring questions concern a potential infectious agent. In 1894 Pierre Marie, a former student of Charcot, argued strongly that infection was the cause of multiple sclerosis and that those who disagreed had not read his papers. He did not know the …
Individuals, Subgroups or Cohorts? A Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach to Optimize Dosing of Hizentra®
Authors: Martin Bexon, Jonathan M. Edelman, Mikhail Rojavin, Jutta Neufang-Hueber, Jagdev S. Sidhu, Cornelia Landersdorfer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Massachusetts Nursing Homes Reconsidered
Authors: Samuel Levey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Only a decade ago, the Massachusetts nursing-home industry was in a shambles, not unlike the situation throughout the United States. Largely owing to an insufficient inspectional force and a vacuum regarding enforcement of regulations, hundreds of facilities remained licensed with numerous violations in patient care and physical environment. Many nursing homes were regarded as inadequate by the Massachusetts Department of Public Safety but were provided with extended grace periods to correct deficiencies regarding sprinklers and fire protection. It was not until a Special Commission inquiry of the General Court was launched in 1962 that the deplorable state of affairs in . . .