tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intradiaphragmatic Mesothelial Cysts
Authors: G. Cruickshank, D. B. Cruickshank
Journal: Thorax (1951)

Primary tumours and cysts of the diaphragm are rare.In a review of the litera- ture Clagett and Johnson (1949) were able to record 30 cases, to which they added four of their own.Of these cases, 18 were malignant and 16 were benign.Primary cysts constituted only a very small proportion of the cases, and in record- ing a case of mesothelial cyst of the diaphragm Aufses and Oseasohn (1949) stated that they were only able to find records of five other primary cysts in the literature.We have recently encountered a case of mesothelial diaphragmatic cyst; a second almost identical case which was under the care of Mr. Geoffrey Flavell, of the London Hospital, is also reported by his courtesy.CASE REPORTS Case 1.-W.B., a man aged 41, was radiographed when a mass radiography unit visited the factory in which he worked.He had no complaints.Radiographs (Figs. 1 and 2) revealed a small rounded opacity associated with the antero-medial part of the right diaphragm.A diagnostic pneumoperitoneum was carried out as it was thought that the most likely diagnosis was a small liver hernia, and this demonstrated clearly (Fig. 3) that the lesion was in or above the diaphragm, the former appearing more likely, as the outline of the diaphragm appeared to enfold the tumour.As no precise diagnosis could be established, thoracotomy was advised and accepted.On October 31, 1950, the right chest was opened through the bed of the seventh rib.The pleura was completely free of adhesions.In the anterior part of the diaphragm about two inches from the anterior chest wall and from the pericardium lay a tense, bluish cyst, the size of a hen's egg, covered by diaphragmatic pleura and having muscle fibres of diaphragm splayed out over it.The overlying pleura was incised and the cyst shelled out without difficulty, leaving a defect some 2 in. in diameter in the diaphragmatic musculature, in the floor of which intact peritoneum was visible.This defect was closed with interrupted silk sutures and the chest closed without drainage.The post- operative course was uneventful, the patient being discharged home on the tenth day.Dr. G. R. Osborn reported that the cyst from the diaphragm measured about 2 cm. in diameter.Microscopically it was of the simple chylous type; the lumen was lined with a single layer of endothelial cells which occasionally had rudimentary papillary projections.Outside this there was a little areolar connective tissue and then skeletal muscle fibres from the diaphragm.It was not a true tumour.Case 2 (Mr. G. Flavell's case).-Awoman, aged 49, was admitted to the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of the London Hospital.Ten months before admission she had had a severe cough lasting two weeks, accompanied by laryngitis; during this attack she lost her voice, which returned gradually to normal.Laryngoscopy revealed a papillomatous area in the interarytenoid region from which a biopsy was taken.The
Noninvasive assessment of the direct action of oral nifedipine and nicardipine on left ventricular contractile state in patients with systemic hypertension: Importance of reflex sympathetic responses
Authors: Kenneth M. Borow, Alex Neumann, Roberto M. Lang, Donna Ehler, Barbara Valentine-Bates, Andrew Wolff, Karen Friday, Michael Murphy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Denturism and the Dentists
Authors: Richard A. Abrams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The spread of denturism has been the subject of increased attention by health professionals throughout the United States. Denturism can be defined as a movement of dental-laboratory technicians who are seeking to be licensed independently from other dental-care practitioners, so that the dental-laboratory technician can directly serve the public. The technicians who support independent licensure of their occupation are called denturists.1 From a movement originating in Canada in the 1950's, today one finds that denturism has gained a rather firm foothold in the United States. At present, denturism has been legalized in two states: Maine and Arizona. And there are . . .
Expression of thiopurine methyltransferase in South Asians
Authors: E Tsironi
Journal: Gut (2003)

Azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are widely used in the treatment of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and a range of other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as for prevention of transplant rejection. Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) converts 6-MP to 6-methylMP.1,2 Deficiency of its expression predisposes treated patients to bone marrow depression; …
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy — Is There a Benefit?
Authors: Thomas G. Stovall, Robert L. Summitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Except for abortion, laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy has generated more controversy and discussion than any other type of gynecologic surgery in recent times. Is it because hysterectomy is itself controversial? Could it be that the benefits of laparoscopy remain uncertain? A cynic would suggest that the issues surrounding laparoscopy and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy in particular continue to be debated because the technique has been promoted by those closely tied to the industries that gain financially from its use and because it has been tested with study designs biased toward achieving favorable results. In some studies the outcome evaluated was . . .
Genomewide identification of prednisolone-responsive genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Wim J. E. Tissing, Monique L. den Boer, Jules P. P. Meijerink, Renee X. Menezes, Sigrid Swagemakers, Peter J. van der Spek, Stephen E. Sallan, Scott A. Armstrong, Rob Pieters
Journal: Blood (2007)
Farnesoid X receptor inhibits gankyrin in mouse livers and prevents development of liver cancer
Authors: Yanjun Jiang, Polina Iakova, Jingling Jin, Emily Sullivan, Vladislav Sharin, Il-Hwa Hong, Sayee Anakk, Angela Mayor, Gretchen Darlington, Milton Finegold, David Moore, Nikolai A. Timchenko
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

One of the early events in the development of liver cancer is a neutralization of tumor suppressor proteins Rb, p53, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α. The elimination of these proteins is mediated by a small subunit of proteasome, gankyrin, which is activated by cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms that repress gankyrin in quiescent livers and mechanisms of activation of gankyrin in liver cancer. We found that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) inhibits expression of gankyrin in quiescent livers by silencing the gankyrin promoter through HDAC1-C/EBPβ complexes. C/EBPβ is a key transcription factor that delivers HDAC1 to gankyrin promoter and causes epigenetic silencing of the promoter. We show that down-regulation of C/EBPβ in mouse hepatoma cells and in mouse livers reduces C/EBPβ-HDAC1 complexes and activates the gankyrin promoter. Deletion of FXR signaling in mice leads to de-repression of the gankyrin promoter and to spontaneous development of liver cancer at 12 months of age. Diethylnitrosoamine (DEN)-mediated liver cancer in wild-type mice also involves the reduction of FXR and activation of gankyrin. Examination of liver cancer in old mice and liver cancer in human patients revealed that FXR is reduced, while gankyrin is elevated during spontaneous development of liver cancer. Searching for animal models with altered levels of FXR, we found that long-lived Little mice have high levels of FXR and do not develop liver cancer with age and after DEN injections due to failure to activate gankyrin and eliminate Rb, p53, HNF4α and C/EBPα proteins. Conclusion : FXR prevents liver cancer by inhibiting the gankyrin promoter via C/EBPβ-HDAC1 complexes, leading to subsequent protection of tumor suppressor proteins from degradation. (Hepatology 2013)
Intracellular pH of Rat Atrial Muscle Fibers Measured by Glass Micropipette Electrodes
Authors: MARC LAVALLÉE
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

Measurements of the intracellular pH of mammalian hearts by means of ordinary sealed electrodes are difficult mainly because of the small diameter of most of these muscle fibres. An open-tip pH micro-electrode was designed. The difference between the measurements with this electrode and measurements with a control pyrex glass electrode of the same resistance, filled with the same medium, and immersed in the same solution, is specific for the pH variations of this solution. The new pH electrode, if filled with 0.5 M KCl, has an electrical resistance of 30 to 100 megohms and a sensitivity of about 30 mv/pH unit. The sensitive head of the device has a diameter of about half a micron and a length of one to two microns. The intracellular pH value of isolated rat atria, beating at 200/min in a Krebs-Ringer solution maintained at 30°C and at a pH value of 7.4, was measured with this method and found to be 6.9.
Sports medicine in the Netherlands
Authors: G C Van Enst
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Sports medicine can be defined in different ways. In the Netherlands the definition of sports medicine, the field of work in sports medicine, and training in sports medicine have changed several times since specific sports medical activities began in the 1920s. The Olympic games in Amsterdam (1928) saw the beginning of specific preventive activities in sports medicine. Preseasonal screening was established, and after the second world war more than 300 000 preventive preseasonal screenings were performed a year. Another 200 000 children were screened annually by school doctors.

In 1965 the Netherlands Association for Sports Medicine was established. Doctors interested in sports medical problems could attend a specific course. The programme was broad and offered general topics ranging from cardiology to orthopaedic surgery and exercise physiology. The character of the course was a retraining course. Its duration was about 40 hours and it formed the basis for membership of the Netherlands Association for Sports Medicine.

Ten years later the first doctor was fully trained in sports medicine partly modelled on East European standards. This education took four years and consisted of one year clinical …
Abstract 17218: ATP Binding to Akt Kinases Confer Dephosphorylation Resistence in Caveolin 3/ Membrane Rafts
Authors: Tung Chan, Valerie Myers, Jin Zhang, Calin Dumitru, Maureen Spring, Jianliang Song, Xue Li, John Pascal, Ulrich Rodeck, Joseph Cheung, Arthur Feldman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Akt kinase activation loop phosphorylation (T308 in Akt1) in vivo is regulated by the opposing activities of kinases and phosphatases. To investigate this regulation balance, we showed that the translocation of Akt1 to caveolin-3 (Cav3) containing membrane caveolar/rafts markedly reduced its dephosphorylation by cellular phosphatases. Furthermore, this dephosphorylation resistence was regulated by Akt kinase binding to ATP or ATP-competitive inhibitors. Methods and Results: In H9C2 cells or in adult cardiac myocytes, we showed that Cav3 overexpression cooperated with insulin to increase T308 phosphorylation by inhibiting Akt dephosphorylation. Cav3 overexpression is known to increase membrane caveolar/raft density. Conversely, treating cells with the cholesterol-depleting lipid raft inhibitor, methyl cyclodextrin (MβCD), enhanced Akt1 dephosphorylation. MβCD also enhanced the dephosphorylation of constitutively phosphorylated myristylated-Akt (Myr-Akt), suggesting that Cav3/lipid rafts protected Akt1 from dephosphorylation. Similarly, an Akt-specific ATP competitive inhibitor (A443654) also cooperated with insulin to increase T308 phosphorylation. Pharmacological and genetic data determined that dephosphorylation resistance depended on the binding of ATP or ATP-competitive inhibitors to Akt kinases. Finally, an in vitro reconstitution assay and mutational analysis revealed that R273 in Akt1 and corresponding R274 in Akt2 were essential for shielding the activation loop against dephosphorylation. Conclusion: R274 in AKT2, when mutated, is associated with causing autosomal-dominant severe insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in humans. Our in vitro reconstitution system unambiguously reveals that after Akt binding to membrane Cav3 caveolar or rafts, these ATP and ATP-competitive inhibitors prevent activation loop dephosphorylation via phosphatase access restriction.
Modulation of bullous pemphigoid antigen gene expression by γ-interferon in cultured keratinocytes
Authors: Y. SUGITA, T. NAGATANI, Z. IKEZAWA, K. NOMURA, Y. WATANABE, J. UITTO, H. NAKAJIMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against BP antigens. gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN), a T-cell lymphokine, is known to enhance the expression of several cell-surface proteins. In this study, keratinocytes were cultured in the presence of gamma-IFN, the expression of BP antigen protein was examined by flow cytometry and BP antigen messenger RNA (mRNA) (encoding 230-kDa protein) was quantified by slot-blot hybridization. The results indicated that BP antigen gene expression by keratinocytes was upregulated by gamma-IFN. This enhancement of gene expression was detected at both the protein and mRNA level, suggesting pretranslational regulation. These results imply the involvement of not only humoral immunity but also cell-mediated immunity in the development of BP.
Case 18-1975
Authors: R. Richard Liberthson, Robert E. Dinsmore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 52-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of bacterial endocarditis.The patient was known to have a heart murmur since the age of seven years. She was in excellent health until four months before admission, when malaise developed, with fever, sweats and a nonproductive cough. A physician prescribed an antibiotic, with transient improvement except that she complained of pain in the right lower portion of the back. The symptoms recurred after the treatment was discontinued. Six weeks before admission she entered another hospital.Examination at the other hospital disclosed fever and mild . . .
Differential usefulness of biomarkers thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and soluble CD30 during enteric coated mycophenolate sodium and cyclosporine therapy in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Johanna M. Kwakkel-van Erp, Inge M. Haeck, Annelieke W.M. Paantjens, Ed A. van de Graaf, Walter G.J. van Ginkel, Mirjam J. Knol, Marjolein S. de Bruin-Weller, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Edward F. Knol, Carla Bruijnzeel-Koomen, Henny G. Otten
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion protection using monophosphoryl lipid a is abrogated by the ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, glibenclamide
Authors: G ELLIOTT, M COMERFORD, J SMITH, L ZHAO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objectives:Monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA), a detoxified derivative of the lipid A portion of the endotoxin molecule, given as a pretreatment 24 h prior to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion reduces myocardial stunning and infarction in dogs. This study was undertaken to evaluate the ability of MLA pretreatment to reduce infarct size in a rabbit model of in situ regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Secondly, the potential role of modulation of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel in MLA's cardioprotection was evaluated using in vivo pharmacologic antagonism with a KATP channel blocker, as was the role of tumor necrosis factor using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method of serum cytokine analysis. Methods: Rabbits were pretreated intravenously with MLA or vehicle injection 24 h prior to initiation of 30 min in situ left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion. In animals receiving glibenclamide, the potassium channel antagonist was administered 30 min prior to inducing ischemia. Animals receiving glibenclamide, which possesses hypoglycemic effects, underwent serial blood glucose evaluation prior to drug and throughout the ischemia and reperfusion periods. Hemodynamics were monitored; infarct size and area at risk were assessed by contrast dye staining (triphenyltetrazolium chloride). Serum tumor necrosis factor was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent method in animals administered cardioprotective doses of MLA as well as pyrogenic doses of MLA and endotoxin (positive control) to determine if elaboration of this cytokine could be associated with the cardioprotective effect of MLA. Results: MLA administered as a single intravenous dose 24 h prior to ischemia reduced infarct size, expressed as a percent of the area at risk, 64 and 71% at doses of 35 and 10 μg/kg, respectively. Lower doses of MLA (2.5 and 5 μg/kg) did not significantly reduce infarct size. Administration of glibenclamide (300 μg/kg) 30 min prior to ischemia completely blocked the ability of MLA pretreatment to limit infarct size, while MLA vehicle-glibenclamide-treated control rabbits displayed infarcts not significantly different from MLA-vehicle-treated control rabbits. A cardioprotective dose of MLA (35 μg/kg) did not induce the elaboration of tumor necrosis factor into rabbit serum (within the limits of assay sensitivity). Conclusions: Single-dose pretreatment with MLA administered intravenously to rabbits substantially reduces infarct size when administered 24 h prior to ischemia. Pharmacologic preconditioning with MLA appears to be mediated through KATP channels as the channel blocker, glibenclamide, reversed the cardioprotective activtiy of MLA when administered 1 day following MLA pretreatment, yet 30 min prior to ischemia. In this model the cardioprotective activity of MLA does not appear to be associated with increases in serum tumor necrosis factor.
Abstract 3019: MicroRNAs as a powerful diagnostic tools for the differential diagnosis of kidney tumors
Authors: Yael Spector, Eddie Fridman, Iris Barshack, Zohar Dotan, Jacob Ramon, Nitzan Rosenwald, Ranit Aharonov, Sarit Tabak, Sima Banjamin, Avital Dov, Miriam Ben David, Orit Zion, Hila Banjamin, Alexander Faerman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Renal cell tumors are a group of tumors which differ both in morphologic appearance and biological behavior. In some cases, despite morphologic and immunohistochemical assessment, the pathological differential diagnosis might be difficult. Since accurate diagnosis might change the management of the patient, additional tools for exact diagnosis are required. In this work we propose microRNAs, a family of small non-coding regulatory RNAs involved in human development and pathology, as an emerging class of effective biomarkers for Renal cell tumors. Patients and Methods: Two independent sets of kidney tumors FFPE samples were collected and reviewed by a pathologist with special experience in uropathology. Historically, renal cell tumors includes: clear cell RCC, chromophobe RCC, papillary RCC (both subtypes) and oncocytoma and are classified histologically using H&amp;E stained slides. High-quality totalRNA was extracted from the FFPE samples using a proprietary protocol developed to preserve the fraction of small RNAs and the expression levels of microRNAs were measured on a microarray and verified on qRT-PCR platforms both developed at Rosetta Genomics. Results: Expression levels of about 800 microRNAs in a training set of more than 70 kidney tumors identified differentially expressed microRNAs between the different histological types of renal cell tumors. We defined a simple algorithm for classification based on a set of only 6 microRNAs to classify clear cell, chromophobe, papillary and oncocytoma tumors. The classifier was then tested on an independent validation set including samples from the same histological types, and the classifier diagnosed correctly 91% of the tumors. Technical validation was performed using qRT-PCR showing a high correlation to the results obtained by the microarrays. Conclusions: Expression levels of certain microRNAs are highly specific to subtypes of kidney tumors. A combination of 6 microRNAs can successfully answer specific differential diagnosis of morphologically similar renal cell tumors. The results we present provide a basis for the development of microRNA based diagnostic assay for renal neoplasia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3019.
Biliary strictures after liver transplantation: Role of interleukin 28B genotypes in cyclosporine treated
Authors: Pierluigi Toniutto, Davide Bitetto, Edmondo Falleti, Salvatore Vadalà, Sara Cmet, Annarosa Cussigh, Milutin Bulajic, Maurizio Zilli, Carlo Fabris
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
High-Grade Atrioventricular Blocks
Authors: Brendan Phipps
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> From the exchange of ideas between the report of our committee published in the Sept 14,1984, issue of<i>JAMA</i><sup>1</sup>and the editorial comments in the same issue,<sup>2</sup>it has become clear that two questions require sharper definition. First, on behalf of our committee, I would like to state that the editorial comments were well taken and were, in fact, largely included in our original draft. (The need to shorten a manuscript from 103 to 35 pages necessitates certain deletions!) In our original article, we commented that clinical judgment must play a role given an adequate substrate of objective information—we specifically mentioned the case of the patient with bifascicular block, and syncope that could not be explained after careful diagnostic study, for whom a trial of pacing might be considered, particularly if the consequences of syncope might be catastrophic. In this context, however, the phrase "strongly
Fanconi anemia pathway–deficient tumor cells are hypersensitive to inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated
Authors: Richard D. Kennedy, Clark C. Chen, Patricia Stuckert, Elyse M. Archila, Michelle A. De la Vega, Lisa A. Moreau, Akiko Shimamura, Alan D. D’Andrea
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway maintains genomic stability in replicating cells. Some sporadic breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and hematological tumors are deficient in FA pathway function, resulting in sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. FA pathway dysfunction in these tumors may result in hyperdependence on alternative DNA repair pathways that could be targeted as a treatment strategy. We used a high-throughput siRNA screening approach that identified ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) as a critical kinase for FA pathway–deficient human fibroblasts. Human fibroblasts and murine embryonic fibroblasts deficient for the FA pathway were observed to have constitutive ATM activation and Fancg–/–Atm–/– mice were found to be nonviable. Abrogation of ATM function in FA pathway–deficient cells resulted in DNA breakage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic cell death. Moreover, Fanconi anemia complementation group G– (FANCG-) and FANCC-deficient pancreatic tumor lines were more sensitive to the ATM inhibitor KU-55933 than isogenic corrected lines. These data suggest that ATM and FA genes function in parallel and compensatory roles to maintain genomic integrity and cell viability. Pharmaceutical inhibition of ATM may have a role in the treatment of FA pathway–deficient human cancers.
Is Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection Necessary in Patients with a Serum PSA&lt;10ng/ml Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Martin C. Schumacher, Fiona C. Burkhard, George N. Thalmann, Achim Fleischmann, Urs E. Studer
Journal: European Urology (2006)