tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MONGOLISM IN SUCCESSIVE MEMBERS OF THE SAME FAMILY
Authors: John A. Glassburg
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The two cases described in this paper were referred for difficulty in breathing and nasal obstruction. Though they do not come within the province of the laryngologist, the rarity of mongolism in two members of the same family warrants their report. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3> Robert P. and Edward P., aged, respectively, 11 and 8 years at the time of the examination, July 27, 1923, could not talk, did not seem to understand the questions put to them, and were very destructive. The inability to talk and the fact that they kept their mouths continually open induced the parents to believe that there was some nasal or vocal obstruction. The father was 45, born in Italy, a citizen, and of normal mental and physical make-up. The mother was 45, and born in Italy. She showed no abnormality. The parents had been in the United States twenty-five years. The paternal grandfather and
Cardioversion Guided by Transesophageal Echocardiography: The ACUTE Pilot Study: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Allan L. Klein, Richard A. Grimm, Ian W. Black, Dominic Y. Leung, Mina K. Chung, Susan E. Vaughn, R. Daniel Murray, Dave P. Miller, Kristopher L. Arheart
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Electrical cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk for embolic stroke. Screening for atrial thrombi with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before cardioversion should, in many patients, safely permit cardioversion to be done earlier than would be possible with prolonged conventional, anticoagulation therapy. Objective: To compare the feasibility and safety of TEE-guided early cardioversion with those of conventional management of cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. Design: Randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Setting: 10 hospitals in the United States, Europe, and Australia. Patients: 126 patients who had atrial fibrillation lasting longer than 2 days and were having electrical cardioversion. Intervention: Conventional therapy or early, TEE-guided cardioversion with short-term anticoagulation therapy. Outcome Measures: Feasibility outcome variables were frequency of cardioversion and times to cardioversion and sinus rhythm. Safety outcomes were ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolization, bleeding, and detected episodes of clinical hemodynamic instability occurring as long as 4 weeks after cardioversion. Results: 62 patients were randomly assigned to receive TEE-guided cardioversion; TEE was done in 56 (90%) of these patients. Atrial thrombi were detected in 7 patients (13%) and led to the postponement of cardioversion. Cardioversion was successful in 38 of 45 patients (84%) who had early cardioversion. No embolization occurred with this strategy. Of the 64 patients receiving conventional therapy, 37 (58%) had cardioversion, which was successful in 28 patients (76%). One patient had a peripheral embolic event. The time to cardioversion was shorter in the TEE group (0.6 weeks [95% CI, 0.3 to 0.9 weeks] compared with 4.8 weeks [CI, 3.8 to 5.7 weeks]; P < 0.01). The incidence of clinical hemodynamic instability and bleeding complications tended to be greater in the conventional therapy group. Conclusions: These results suggest that TEE-guided cardioversion with short-term anticoagulation therapy is feasible and safe. The use of TEE may allow cardioversion to be done earlier, may decrease the risk for embolism associated with cardioversion, and may be associated with less clinical instability than conventional therapy. A large, multicenter study to confirm these findings is currently under way.
Episodic Hypertension Associated with Positive Renin Assays after Renal Transplantation
Authors: J. Caulie Gunnells, Delford L. Stickel, Roscoe R. Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

DIASTOLIC hypertension has been described in a variety of clinical settings after bilateral nephrectomy and renal transplantation in man.1 2 3 Although its exact etiology has not been clarified, its persistence or reappearance has usually been attributed to overexpansion of the intravascular volume or ischemic injury to the allograft during a period of threatened immunologic rejection. The present report describes the severe but transient accentuation of hypertension during the immediate postoperative period in association with probable ischemia of the graft from mechanical causes and its subsequent reappearance during a period of suspected allograft rejection. On both occasions the presence of hypertension was . . .
Dupuytren's Contraction of the Palmar Fascia Treated by Hypnotism
Authors: G. C. Kingsbury
Journal: BMJ (1891)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Dupuytren's Contraction of the Palmar Fascia Treated by Hypnotism Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Recombinant interferon-gamma primes alveolar macrophages cultured in vitro for the release of leukotriene B4 in response to IgG stimulation.
Authors: J A Rankin, C E Schrader, S M Smith, R A Lewis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The capacity of interferon-gamma to regulate the generation and release of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) from human alveolar macrophages of normal nonsmoking individuals was evaluated. When alveolar macrophages were incubated for 60 min with heat aggregated IgG (HAIgG), they generated and released 5.7 +/- 1.7 ng of LT B4 per 10(6) cells compared to 1.9 +/- 0.4 ng from cells incubated with buffer alone, P = 0.02. When alveolar macrophages were preincubated with interferon-gamma for 24 h before activation for 60 min with heat-aggregated IgG, the soluble IgG aggregates became a significantly more effective stimulus for LTB4 release, 17.0 +/- 3.9 ng/10(6) cells, P = 0.001, compared to cells incubated in the absence of interferon-gamma and challenged with HAIgG. Interferon-gamma did not alter the response to A23187. This effect of interferon-gamma was both time and dose dependent; it also was specific since neither interferon-alpha nor interferon-beta had a regulatory effect on the release of LTB4 from cells in response to challenge with HAIgG. Preincubation of the alveolar macrophages with interferon-gamma augmented the density of IgG1 receptors by 81.5 +/- 17.3%; neither interferon-alpha nor interferon-beta effected this parameter. Furthermore, monomeric IgG1 blocked HAIgG induced LTB4 release from alveolar macrophages primed with interferon-gamma. Therefore, at least one of the mechanisms by which interferon-gamma primes alveolar macrophages for the production and release of LTB4 in response to stimulation by aggregates of IgG is that of increasing the number of receptors for this stimulus.
Abstract P6-15-11: Role of Proteasome Activators in the Inhibition Breast Tumors and Suppression of Metastasis
Authors: A Asea, P Kaur, W Neumann, E Asea, G. Nagaraja
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death of women in the U.S. A number of genes involved in the process of growth, proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair have aberrant expression in tumor cells. Metastasis is major cause of the decline in the quality of life breast cancer patients. Heat shock protein, Hsp25 is known to participate in tumorigenesis, and is highly expressed in breast tumors biopsies. However, the exact role of Hsp25 is incompletely understood. Materials and Methods: We have silenced the expression of Hsp25 using lentiviral constructs of short interfering RNA in highly metastatic mouse 4T1 cell line. Mouse tumor formation and metastasis assay was done by subcutaneous injection of 4T1-controlshRNA and 4T1-Hsp25shRNA cells into the mammary pad of female BALB/c mice. Tumor progression/regression was monitored by using an in vivo animal imaging system (MaesteroTM In-vivo imaging system, CRI, Woburn, MA, USA). Microarray analysis was done by using protocols of Applied microarray, Inc, USA. In vivo antitumor assay and adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells was done by using standard protocol. Results: Microarray investigation on Hsp25 silenced cells demonstrated an upregulation of tumor suppressor gene (N-myc downstream regulated gene 2) and down regulation of metastasis gene (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) signatures. Subcutaneous injection of Hsp25 silenced 4T1 tumor (4T1-Hsp25shRNA) cells into immunocompetent female BALB/c mice results in complete tumor regression, absence of pulmonary metastasis and enhanced CD8+ CTL-dependent tumor killing. In vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells allowed the 4T1-Hsp25shRNA tumors to grow; however, there was no observable metastasis to the lungs. These results were confirmed by in vitro cytotoxicity assays in which CD8+ T cells recovered from mice injected with 4T1 -Hsp25shRNA cells, but not 4T1-controlshRNA cells effectively lysed 4T1 targets. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of 4T1-Hsp25shRNA reactive CD8+ T cells into mice injected with 4T1-controlshRNA cells enabled them to effectively reject 4T1 tumors. Discussion: Our study strongly indicate Hsp25 as a therapeutic target for breast cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-15-11.
Common variants at 11p13 are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis
Authors: Thorsten Thye, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fredrik O Vannberg, Reinout van Crevel, James Curtis, Edhyana Sahiratmadja, Yanina Balabanova, Christa Ehmen, Birgit Muntau, Gerd Ruge, Jürgen Sievertsen, John Gyapong, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy, Philip C Hill, Giorgio Sirugo, Francis Drobniewski, Esther van de Vosse, Melanie Newport, Bachti Alisjahbana, Sergey Nejentsev, Tom H M Ottenhoff, Adrian V S Hill, Rolf D Horstmann, Christian G Meyer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Inhibition of lactation with quinestrol.
Authors: D. Brown, M. Snell
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Diarrhoea at the Olympics SIR,-As one of the medical officers to the British athletes in Mexico City, I read with interest your leading article on " Diarrhoea at the Olympics " (12 October, p. 69).At the Rome, Tokio, and here at the Mexico Olympics we have given the British athletes prophylactically one tablet of Streptotriad twice daily, starting two days before arrival.The number of cases of diarrhoea has been negligible.This is very gratifying, particu- larly in Mexico City, where " travellers' diarrhoea " is so prevalent.-Iam, etc.,
Longstanding HLA-B27 associated Achilles tendinitis.
Authors: I Olivieri, A Padula, M.E Lisanti, G Braccini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Letters to the editor and tests for rheumatoid factor, antinuclear factor, and antibodies to DNA were negative.Liver function tests were normal.After a short course of systemic and intra-articular steroids the skin rash resolved and joint pain improved.She was readmitted in April 1990 with a recurrence of arthropathy, rash, and fever with a leucocytosis (white cell count 13 9x
Wanted: reader friendly posters.
Authors: W. F. Whimster
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Conditions of practice may have to change to help allow these developments.The National Health Service pays dentists for how much dental treatment they give and not for the time spent practising communication skills.Different ways of charging patients for dental services may have to be considered.Such changes, which are already being organised by some dentists, and others that will include dentists' advertising their services should be welcomed as opportunities to modify public attitudes to dentistry, attract and retain reluctant patients, and thus improve dental health.
Radiation Therapy and Androgen Suppression as Treatment for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Theodore L. DeWeese
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The spectrum of thyroid disease and risk of new onset atrial fibrillation: a large population cohort study
Authors: C. Selmer, J. B. Olesen, M. L. Hansen, J. Lindhardsen, A.-M. S. Olsen, J. C. Madsen, J. Faber, P. R. Hansen, O. D. Pedersen, C. Torp-Pedersen, G. H. Gislason
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To examine the risk of atrial fibrillation in relation to the whole spectrum of thyroid function in a large cohort of patients. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study of general practice patients identified by linkage of nationwide registries at the individual level. <b>Setting</b> Primary care patients in the city of Copenhagen. <b>Subjects</b> Registry data for 586 460 adults who had their thyroid function evaluated for the first time by their general practitioner during 2000-10 and who were without previously recorded thyroid disease or atrial fibrillation. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Poisson regression models used to estimate risk of atrial fibrillation by thyroid function. <b>Results</b> Of the 586 460 individuals in the study population (mean (SD) age 50.2 (16.9) years, 39% men), 562 461 (96.0%) were euthyroid, 1670 (0.3%) had overt hypothyroidism, 12 087 (2.0%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 3966 (0.7%) had overt hyperthyroidism, and 6276 (1.0%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Compared with the euthyroid individuals, the risk of atrial fibrillation increased with decreasing levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from high normal euthyroidism (incidence rate ratio 1.12 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.21)) to subclinical hyperthyroidism with reduced TSH (1.16 (0.99 to 1.36)) and subclinical hyperthyroidism with supressed TSH (1.41 (1.25 to 1.59)). Both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism were associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation. <b>Conclusion</b> The risk of atrial fibrillation was closely associated with thyroid activity, with a low risk in overt hypothyroidism, high risk in hyperthyroidism, and a TSH level dependent association with risk of atrial fibrillation across the spectrum of subclinical thyroid disease.
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) sponges as implant materials: in vivo and in vitro evaluation of cellular invasion
Authors: Traian V. Chirila, Ian J. Constable, Geoffrey J. Crawford, Sarojini Vijayasekaran, Dawn E. Thompson, Yi-Chi Chen, Wendy A. Fletcher, Brendon J. Griffin
Journal: Biomaterials (1993)
Book Review Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment Edited by R. Hofmann, Axel Heidenreich, and Judd W. Moul. 272 pp., illustrated, with CD-ROM. Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag, 2003. $99. 3-540-42019-3
Authors: John N. Kabalin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
Iraqi healthcare system still crippled five years after invasion, says report
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Iraq’s health system is still crippled, nearly five years after the US led invasion of 2003, partly as a result of a disorganised and often incompetent reconstruction effort, concludes a new report from campaigning organisation Medact.

The report describes Iraq as “a failing state with a complex health emergency,” with as few as 9000 doctors and 15 000 nurses serving a population of 28 million people. Around half of Iraq’s doctors have fled the country, while many more are counted among the 2.2 million internal refugees.

The report follows the publication last week in …
Richard Morton (1637-98) and his Phthisiologia.
Authors: R Y Keers
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Richard Morton was one of the outstanding physicians of the seventeenth century. After graduating BA at Oxford he elected to enter the Church, becoming ultimately Vicar of Kinver in Staffordshire. On the Restoration he found himself unable to comply with the requirements of the Act of Uniformity and was ousted from his Staffordshire living. He disappeared for eight years but reappeared in 1670 when, on the sponsorship of the Prince of Orange, the degree of MD was conferred on him by the University of Oxford. He set up in practice in London and was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1678. He has left a lasting memorial in the form of his book Phthisiologia which deals with all aspects of phthisis, the word being interpreted in its widest sense to denote any disease associated with wasting. It is not known where Morton obtained his medical education nor is there anything in his writings to indicate where he spent the eight years between 1662 and 1670. It is suggested that he may have been in Holland for part of those years attending the University of Leyden and making the acquaintance of the Prince of Orange whose patronage was to prove so useful at Oxford in 1670.
Prevention of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: David S. Schade
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Absolute deficiency of insulin no longer is considered the principal cause of ketoacidosis. A combination of pathogenic mechanisms includes (1) relative insulin deficiency, (2) stress hormone excess, (3) fasting, and (4) dehydration. Prevention of any one or more of these mechanisms will reverse or lessen the rate of metabolic decompensation. Several important metabolic parameters must be monitored at frequent intervals to permit rational, preventive therapy. The flow sheet to be maintained by the patient should include body weight, temperature, respiratory rate, level of consciousness, degree of ketonuria, and degree of glycosuria. If the patient exhibits decreased mental status, more than 5% loss of body weight, or respirations more than 36/min, hospitalization is indicated.
Stroma-supported culture in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells predicts treatment outcome.
Authors: M Kumagai, A Manabe, C H Pui, F G Behm, S C Raimondi, M L Hancock, H Mahmoud, W M Crist, D Campana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We developed a stroma cell culture system that suppresses apoptosis of malignant cells from cases of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. By multiparameter flow cytometric measurements of cell recovery after culture on stromal layers, we assessed the growth potential of 70 cases of newly diagnosed B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia and related the findings of treatment outcome in a single program of chemotherapy. The numbers of leukemic cells recovered after 7 d of culture ranged from < 1 to 292% (median, 91%). The basis of poor cell recoveries from stromal layers appeared to be a propensity of the lymphoblasts to undergo apoptosis. The probability of event-free survival at 4 yr of follow-up was 50 +/- 9% (SE) among patients with higher cell recoveries ( > 91%), and 94 +/- 6% among those with reduced cell recoveries (+/- 91%; P = 0.0003). The prognostic value of leukemic cell recovery after culture exceeded estimates for all other recognized high-risk features and remained the most significant after adjustment with all competing covariates. Thus, the survival ability of leukemic cells on bone marrow-derived stromal layers reflects aggressiveness of the disease and is a powerful, independent predictor of treatment outcome in children with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Marked increase in gastric acid secretory capacity after omeprazole treatment.
Authors: H L Waldum, J S Arnestad, E Brenna, I Eide, U Syversen, A K Sandvik
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: In contrast with the histamine2 (H2) blockers, proton pump inhibitors have not been shown to give rebound hypersecretion of acid. Taking into consideration the hyperplasia of the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell provoked by hypergastrinaemia secondary to profound acid inhibition and the central role of histamine from ECL cells in the regulation of acid secretion, the lack of any rebound acid hypersecretion after treatment with proton pump inhibitors has been questioned. AIMS: To reassess the effect of treatment with omeprazole on post-treatment acid secretion. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Basal and pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion were determined in nine patients with reflux oesophagitis before and 14 days after termination of a 90 day treatment period with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole (40 mg daily). Basal gastrin release were determined before and during omeprazole treatment. Furthermore, biopsy samples from the oxyntic mucosa were taken before and at the end of the treatment period for chemical (histamine and chromogranin A (CgA)) evaluation of the ECL cell mass. RESULTS: A substantial increase in meal stimulated gastrin release during omeprazole treatment resulted in an increased ECL cell mass. Furthermore, CgA in serum increased during omeprazole treatment suggesting that serum CgA may be used as a test to evaluate ECL cell hyperplasia. A significant increase in basal and a marked (50%) and significant increase in pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion were found after treatment with omeprazole. CONCLUSIONS: Increased acid secretion after a conventional treatment period with a proton pump inhibitor is probably due to ECL cell hyperplasia and may have negative consequences for acid related diseases.