tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute allergic reactions in children with AEDS after prolonged cow's milk elimination diets
Authors: A. E. Flinterman, A. C. Knulst, Y. Meijer, C. A. F. M. Bruijnzeel‐Koomen, S. G. M. A. Pasmans
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Food allergy is not always correctly diagnosed in children with atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) and treatment with an avoidance diet is not without danger. Methods: After admission to our clinic, 11 children with a prolonged cow's milk (CM) elimination diet because of AEDS and sensitization underwent double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). Retrospectively, the exposure to CM, sensitization and reactions to accidental ingestion were carefully documented. The DBPCFC was used to evaluate the childrens’ current status. Results: Before the elimination period (median 2.3 years; started before the admission) all 11 children with AEDS were sensitized and had ingested CM (four bottle‐fed; seven breast‐fed without CM diet of the mother) without the development of acute reactions. The diagnosis of CM allergy was not confirmed by DBPCFC previously. After elimination the AEDS had not improved, but nevertheless the diet was continued. During the elimination period, eight of 11 children developed severe acute allergic reactions to CM after accidental ingestion. In evaluation, in our clinic all 11 children experienced acute allergic reactions to CM during DBPCFC. Conclusion: There is a considerable chance of developing acute allergic reactions to CM after elimination in children with AEDS without previous problems after CM intake.
A Lecture to Graduates ON THREE YEARS OF PELVIC SURGERY: Delivered at the Manchester Royal Infirmary
Authors: W. E. Fothergill
Journal: BMJ (1922)

Infirmary, have been kind enough to enurnerate and analyse the cases on which I have operated personally the St. Mary's Hospitals and at the Manchester Royal Infirmary during the last three years.Their figures deal with 1,354 consecutive operations, and slhow the relative frequency which common pelvic lesions occur, and indicate the measure of success which may be expected wlhen these lesions dealt with by surgical methods.The figures also bring certain debatable opinions and illustrate certain points view whichl form interesting subjects for discussion.thanli my two colleagues for the time and care theylhave bestowed ona this analysis, which I propose to bring before you brief comments on the methods used and the results secured.
Abstract 4777: Human suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 controls immunostimulatory activity of monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Authors: Bangxing Hong, Wenhong Ren, Xiao-Tong Song, Kevin Evel-Kabler, Si-Yi Chen, Xue F. Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccines have only achieved limited clinical efficacy, underscoring the limitation of stimulatory strategies to elicit effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against self-tumor-associated antigens. Here, we investigate the role of human suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a feedback inhibitor of the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway, in regulating antigen presentation by human DCs (hDC). We find that human SOCS1 (hSOCS1)-silenced DCs have an enhanced stimulatory ability to prime self-antigen-specific CTLs in vitro and in a severe combined immunodeficient-hu mouse model. Human CTLs activated by SOCS1-silenced DCs, but not wild-type DCs, have an active lytic activity to natural antigen-expressing tumor cells. We further find that the capacity of hDCs to prime CTLs is likely controlled by SOCS1-restricted production and signaling of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-12. These results indicate a critical role of hSOCS1 in negatively regulating the immunostimulatory capacity of DCs and imply a translational potential of this alternative SOCS1 silencing strategy to develop effective DC vaccines. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4777.
OC-064 Pet Scanning in Gastric Cancer: a Comparison Of Avid Versus Non Avid Cancers
Authors: S Pirie, A Boussioutas, R Stacey
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Only some gastric cancers (GC) are detectable on PET imaging (PET avid). Few studies have assessed the molecular and biological differences between PET avid and non-avid GCs. Thus there may be prognostic differences between the two groups that have not been established. The primary aim was to identify and measure clinical differences of PET avid and non-avid primary GCs. The secondary aim was to determine whether characteristic molecular differences exist between PET avid and non-avid primary GCs. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants selected for this study were individuals (male and female, any age) with a diagnosis of GC that attended the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia, during the period of 1992–2002 who had agreed to partake in research. A total of 52 primary GC cases who received an initial PET scan were identified and included in this study. <h3>Results</h3> From the 52 cases identified 29 tumours were PET avid and 23 were non-avid. PET avid tumours were mostly intestinal type, 86%; T stage 3, 46%, with no cases of T4. Avid tended to be N1, 47%. Suggesting they may spread via lymph rather than locally. An AJCC stage of Ib was the most frequent, 35%, but overall more were stage IIIa+b, 49%. Avid tumours were located along the greater and lesser curve of the body in equal proportion: 25% each. Non-avid tumours were mostly diffuse type, 68%; T stage 3, 41%, with 9% of T4. Non-avid tumours tend to be N0, 46%. Overall, AJCC stage IIIa was the most frequent, 33%, with 9% at stage IV. Non-avid tumours were found more in the antrum, 40%. Signet ring carcinomas were found to be significantly more likely to be PET non-avid, p = 0.017. Non-avid tumours were significantly, p = 0.004, less differentiated than avid. Progression free survival was significantly less in the avid group, survival of 808 versus 1208 days, p = 0.04. However, the overall survival showed little difference. From these results it is difficult to determine true survival difference. Larger studies are needed to investigate this further. The overall genetic profiles of the avid compared to non-avid were not significantly different. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results suggest that PET avid tumours are diagnosed earlier or that they are less locally invasive, and that non-avid tumours are locally invasive. PET does appear to provide valuable information regaurding the histological sub-type of the tumour, its likely differentiation, lymph node involvement and metastasis (stage). Information available from PET on the genomics of the tumour is still unclear but there does seem to be some difference in expression levels of genes in avid and non-avid tumours. Further studies with larger numbers are needed. The use of PET for diagnosis, preoperative staging and management planning is still uncertain. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
WHO faces funding controversy over new food fund
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A new $40m (£25m; ‡37m) global fund to help the world's poorest countries to raise food safety standards was launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization last week amid controversy over whether the fund would accept donations from the food industry.

The trust fund aims to help about 120 developing countries implement the United Nations' Codex Alimentarium, which seeks to set food standards that protect the health of consumers and ensure fair practices in food trade.

US consumer groups and the International Baby Food Action …
Pulsus Paradoxus Pulmonale
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Contrary to dire predicitions, technological advances have not devalued physical diagnosis. The observing eye, the palpating hand, and the listening ear continue to perform useful diagnostic functions. In fact, their value has been enhanced by correlative data obtained from sophisticated techniques. Thus, what may have been only an educated guess can become an authenticated indicator, and a mere association can be transformed into an understandable manifestation of a pathologic process.  One such valuable simple diagnostic physical sign with an expanding range of usefulness is pulsus paradoxus. Detectable by palpation, but more often only by measuring the arterial blood pressure, the inspiratory drop of the peak systolic pressure in excess of 10 mm Hg was first observed a century ago by Kussmaul 1 in association with constrictive pericarditis and pericardial effusion. This sign has since become the hallmark of cardiac compression.  Fifty years after Kussmaul's report, Katz and Gauchat 2 noted
Three-Phase Skeletal Scintigraphy in Gouty Arthritis
Authors: PERRY J. PICKHARDT, BRAHM SHAPIRO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

The three-phase bone scan has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, with a high sensitivity and specificity under optimal conditions. However, there are many causes of focally-increased uptake of Tc-99m diphosphonates in the extremities that may mimic infection, especially when there is increase on all three phases. Radiolabeled leukocyte scintigraphy is often performed in this clinical setting, although many pitfalls resulting in false-positive scans still remain. The authors present three cases of gouty arthritis in which skeletal scintigraphy illustrates this lack of specificity. Further causes of increased extremity uptake are reviewed, with attention to those that have been reported to show an increase on all three phases of the bone scan. Additional factors that can improve the specificity of the bone scan are discussed, as are the panoply of more recent scintigraphic approaches aimed at distinguishing infection from aseptic inflammation in the extremity. Unfortunately, no nuclear medicine procedure to date has proven itself to be reliably specific for infection.
Cyanide Antidotes and Fire Toxicology
Authors: Kenneth Kulig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Smoke is a heterogeneous mixture of particulate matter (carbon particles coated with acids, aldehydes, and acroleins) and heated gases. The gases can be generally classified as irritants, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and ammonia; as asphyxiants, such as carbon dioxide; and as cellular toxins, such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide. The composition of the smoke from a given fire depends on the materials burned, the rate of pyrolysis, the absolute temperature, and the oxygen supply. The composition can vary remarkably between samples obtained only a few feet apart.It is therefore quite difficult . . .
Low Yield Cigarettes and the Risk of Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction in Women
Authors: Julie R. Palmer, Lynn Rosenberg, Samuel Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Newer brands of cigarettes with reduced yields of nicotine and carbon monoxide have been promoted as being less hazardous than others. We evaluated the effect of smoking "low yield" cigarettes on the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in women under 65 years of age. The data were obtained in a case-control study of 910 women with a first myocardial infarction and 2375 hospital controls. The estimated relative risk for current smokers as compared with those who had never smoked increased with the number of cigarettes smoked. The estimated overall relative risk was 3.7 (95 percent confidence interval, 3.0 to 4.7). The estimated risks did not vary according to the nicotine or carbon monoxide yield of the cigarette. The estimated relative risk (4.7) in women who smoked brands with the lowest levels of nicotine (less than 0.40 mg per cigarette) was similar to that (4.2) in smokers of the higher-yield brands (greater than 1.30 mg). For exsmokers, the estimated relative risk was 1.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.8). These data suggest that women who smoke low-yield cigarettes do not have a lower risk of a first nonfatal myocardial infarction than women who smoke higher-yield brands. For smokers who wish to reduce their risk, switching to low-yield brands is a poor alternative to quitting.
Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in older acute medical patients: randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: Alexander T Cohen, Bruce L Davidson, Alexander S Gallus, Michael R Lassen, Martin H Prins, Witold Tomkowski, Alexander G G Turpie, Jan F M Egberts, Anthonie W A Lensing
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> A coronavirus identified as 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is the etiological agent responsible for the 2019-2020 viral pneumonia outbreak that commenced in Wuhan<sup>1-4</sup>. Currently there is no targeted therapeutics and effective treatment options remain very limited. In order to rapidly discover lead compounds for clinical use, we initiated a program of combined structure-assisted drug design, virtual drug screening, and high-throughput screening to identify new drug leads that target the COVID-19 main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>). M<sup>pro</sup> is a key coronavirus enzyme, which plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription, making it an attractive drug target for this virus<sup>5,6</sup>. Here, we identified a mechanism-based inhibitor, N3, by computer-aided drug design and subsequently determined the crystal structure of COVID-19 M<sup>pro</sup> in complex with this compound. Next, through a combination of structure-based virtual and high-throughput screening, we assayed over 10,000 compounds including approved drugs, drug candidates in clinical trials, and other pharmacologically active compounds as inhibitors of M<sup>pro</sup>. Seven of these inhibit M<sup>pro</sup> with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 0.48 to 16.62 μM. Ebselen, thiadiazolidinone-8 (TDZD-8) and N3 also exhibited strong antiviral activity in cell-based assays. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of this screening strategy, and establishes a new paradigm for the rapid discovery of drug leads with clinical potential in response to new infectious diseases where no specific drugs or vaccines are available.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Functional variants in the B-cell gene BANK1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sergey V Kozyrev, Anna-Karin Abelson, Jerome Wojcik, Ammar Zaghlool, MV Prasad Linga Reddy, Elena Sanchez, Iva Gunnarsson, Elisabet Svenungsson, Gunnar Sturfelt, Andreas Jönsen, Lennart Truedsson, Bernardo A Pons-Estel, Torsten Witte, Sandra D'Alfonso, Nadia Barrizzone, Maria Giovanna Danieli, Carmen Gutierrez, Ana Suarez, Peter Junker, Helle Laustrup, Maria Francisca González-Escribano, Javier Martin, Hadi Abderrahim, Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Decreased p27Kip1 expression and cyclin D1 overexpression, alone and in combination, influence recurrence and survival of patients with resectable extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
Authors: Ai-Min Hui, Xing Cui, Masatoshi Makuuchi, Xin Li, Ya-Zhou Shi, Tadatoshi Takayama
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

This study was undertaken to identify potential abnormalities of p27 Kip1 and cyclin D1 expression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas and to assess the prognostic significance of p27 Kip1 and cyclin D1 levels for patients with this disease. Decreased p27 Kip1 expression (&lt;50% nuclei staining) and cyclin D1 overexpression (&gt;5% nuclei staining) was observed immunohistochemically in 19 (56%) and 23 (68%) of the 34 tumors examined, respectively. Both decreased p27 Kip1 and cyclin D1 overexpression were associated with relapse ( P = .0005 for p27 Kip1 and P = .0004 for cyclin D1). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that both decreased p27 Kip1 and cyclin D1 overexpression correlate significantly with shortened survival rates (for p27 Kip1 , P = .0419 and P = .002 for overall and disease-free survival; for cyclin D1, P = .0392 and P = .0021 for overall and disease-free survival). Cox regression model analyses identified decreased p27 Kip1 and cyclin D1 overexpression as independent markers predicting death from relapse ( P = .0371, risk ratio: 3.891 for p27 Kip1 ; P = .0429, risk ratio: 8.31 for cyclin D1). Decreased p27 Kip1 was associated with cyclin D1 overexpression ( P = .0202), and coincident abnormalities of the 2 proteins occurred in 16 of the 34 (47%) tumors, indicating that extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma progression may require synchronous dysfunction of p27 Kip1 and cyclin D1 in about half of patients. Patients with tumors showing coincident abnormalities of p27 Kip1 and cyclin D1 showed even more frequent recurrence than patients with an alteration in only 1 of the 2 proteins. In conclusion, decreased p27 Kip1 expression and cyclin D1 overexpression, alone and in combination, predict poor prognosis in patients with resectable extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
Carboxypeptidase M activity is increased in bronchoalveolar lavage in human lung disease.
Authors: T Dragović, D E Schraufnagel, R P Becker, M Sekosan, E G Votta-Velis, E G Erdös
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Carboxypeptidase M (CPM) cleaves the C-terminal arginine and lysine of peptides; it is expressed in the lung, especially on the plasma membrane of alveolar type I cells. Here, we report on CPM in human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) collected from 69 patients and analyzed for activity, cell number and type, and protein level. Seventy-six percent of CPM activity, measured at pH 7.5 with 5-dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl-alanyl-arginine (Dansyl-Ala-Arg) substrate, was immunoprecipitated with polyclonal antibody to purified human enzyme. In patients without active lung disease, CPM activity in BAL was 7.69 (+/- 2.12) nmol/h/mg protein, but in patients with acute pneumonia, it was 29.25 (+/- 4.06) (p < 0.01). In patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, CPM activity was elevated to 26.00 (+/- 4.85) (p < 0.01) and in patients with lung cancer, to 30.95 (+/- 4.12) (p < 0.01). The activity was not associated with the cellular elements of BAL. The highest specific activity was in the large aggregate fraction of surfactant, which also contained the highest concentration of phosphorus. Transmission electron microscopy of this fraction revealed the presence of typical lamellar bodies and tubular myelin structures. The high CPM activity may stem from its induction and release in acute lung disease. In addition, CPM may be a marker of infection with certain pathogens and an indicator of type I cell injury in parenchymal lung diseases.
CAN A SECOND MEASUREMENT OF COPEPTIN IMPROVE ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RULE OUT?
Authors: Nicholas Marston, Kevin Shah, Christian Mueller, Sean-Xavier Neath, Robert Christenson, James McCord, Richard Nowak, Gary Vilke, Lori Daniels, Judd Hollander, Fred Apple, Chad Cannon, John Nagurney, Donald Schreiber, Christopher DeFilippi, Christopher Hogan, Deborah Diercks, Alexander Limkakeng, Inderjit Anand, Allan Jaffe, W. Frank Peacock, Alan Maisel, Alan Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Accelerated hepatitis C virus kinetics but similar survival rates in recipients of liver grafts from living versus deceased donors
Authors: Thomas D. Schiano, Julio A. Gutierrez, Jose L. Walewski, M. Isabel Fiel, Bonnie Cheng, Henry Bodenheimer, Swan N. Thung, Raymond T. Chung, Myron E. Schwartz, Carol Bodian, Andrea D. Branch
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

This study tested the hypothesis that hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and core antigen levels rise more rapidly after liver transplantation (LT) in recipients of grafts from living donors (LD) versus deceased donors (DD). Eleven consecutive LD and 15 DD recipients were followed prospectively. Before LT, median HCV RNA levels were similar: 5.42 (LDLT) and 5.07 (DDLT) log10 IU/mL (P = NS). During the first 7 hours after LT a trend toward a greater HCV RNA decrease in LDLT patients was seen, although they received fewer blood replacement products during surgery. HCV RNA levels rose more rapidly in LDLT patients between days 1 and 3 (P = .0059) and were higher in this group on days 2, 3, 4, and 5. Core antigen levels were significantly higher in LDLT patients on days 3 and 5, although they were similar before LT (P = NS). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were higher among LDLT patients from 8 to 14 days and from 4 to 24 months. Two-year graft and patient survival were 73% for LDLT patients and 80% for DDLT patients (P = NS). In conclusion, viral load rose more rapidly in LD recipients and reached higher levels shortly after surgery. Greater ALT elevations were evident in the LDLT group, but survival rates were similar. The trend toward a greater initial viral load decrease in patients with LD grafts and the significantly sharper increase suggest that the liver plays a predominant role in both HCV clearance and replication. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:1420–1428.)
Hyperplastic transformation: the response of mouse skin to irritation
Authors: F. MARKS, G. FÜRSTENBERGER, M. GANSS, H. RICHTER, D. SEEMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Vertebrate skin fulfils its protective function mainly in two different ways: (1) the epithelium forms an extremely resistant layer of horny structures (scales, hair, etc.) which are permanently replaced by means of cellular proliferation and maturation; (2) skin has a remarkable ability to respond quickly to all kinds at attack from the environment by an acceleration of cellular proliferation in the epidermis (which leads to a closure of wounds or a thickening of the protective layer) and by a stimulation of other defense mechanisms such as the recruitment of white blood cells as a constituent of inflammatory reactions.
Effect of Biventricular Pacing on Diastolic Dyssynchrony
Authors: Miriam Shanks, Matteo Bertini, Victoria Delgado, Arnold C.T. Ng, Gaetano Nucifora, Rutger J. van Bommel, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Eduard R. Holman, Nico R.L. van de Veire, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
PTEN Expression in Endometrial Biopsies as a Marker of Progression to Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: James V. Lacey, George L. Mutter, Brigitte M. Ronnett, Olga B. Ioffe, Máire A. Duggan, Brenda B. Rush, Andrew G. Glass, Douglas A. Richesson, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Bryan Langholz, Mark E. Sherman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Inactivation of PTEN tumor suppressor gene is common in endometrial carcinoma and its precursor, atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH). We compared PTEN expression via immunohistochemistry in endometrial biopsies diagnosed as EH in 138 cases, who were diagnosed with EH and then endometrial carcinoma at least 1 year later (median, 6 years), and 241 individually matched controls, who were diagnosed with EH but did not progress to carcinoma during equivalent follow-up. We assessed PTEN status (normal versus null) in index biopsies containing EH to estimate the relative risk (RR) of developing endometrial carcinoma up to 25 years later. Analysis of 115 cases and 193 controls with satisfactory assays revealed PTEN-null glands in index biopsies of 44% of cases and 49% of controls [P = 0.85; RR, 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73–3.13]. For predicting progression to carcinoma, PTEN-null status had low sensitivity (44%; 95% CI, 45–54%) and specificity (51%; 95% CI, 44–58%). Among 105 cases with PTEN results for both index biopsy and carcinoma, 16% had a PTEN-null index biopsy, 23% had PTEN-null carcinoma, and 26% had both a PTEN-null index biopsy and carcinoma. Loss of PTEN expression in endometrial biopsies was neither associated with nor a sensitive and specific marker of subsequent progression to endometrial carcinoma. [Cancer Res 2008;68(14):6014–20]