tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
War or Health?
Authors: J. R Ashton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Since the shocking terrorist events of 11 September 2001, the world's attention has been drawn to issues of global conflict and vulnerability, and the challenge of living together in the era of globalization. The slaughter of thousands on one day in New York focused attention, if only briefly, on the toll of death and disease elsewhere in the world. For example the New Internationalist (November 2001) estimated that on that same day, worldwide, 2400 people died of hunger, 6020 children were killed by diarrhoea and 2700 children died of measles. Here are some other pertinent figures:
A Within-patient Comparison of Debrisoquine and Methyldopa in Hypertension
Authors: A. Heffernan, A. Carty, K. O'Malley, J. Bugler
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In a titrated dose cross-over trial of debrisoquine and methyldopa in 38 hypertensive patients neither drug was superior in lowering supine or standing diastolic pressure with a minimum of side effects. Methyldopa caused significantly greater reduction of supine (P&lt;0·001) and standing (P&lt;0·02) systolic pressure but caused intolerable side effects in two patients. Tiredness was the most characteristic and troublesome side effect with methyldopa and postural hypotension was prominent in patients while on debrisoquine.
Charles Hilton Jones
Authors: K. Wright
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Charles Hilton Jones was born and educated in Liverpool. He was a 1st MB student on entering university in 1942, having studied arts subjects in the sixth form, a route which, no doubt facilitated his editing of both the university newspaper and the medical school magazine. As it was war time he was required to serve for six hours weekly in the Medical (M) Company of the Liverpool University Senior Training Corps (colloquially known as the LUST Corps), and was automatically enrolled into the Home Guard. Charles also volunteered for fire watching duties. After the Normandy invasion M Company was detailed to meet military ambulance trains from the south coast at Broadgreen station and carry the wounded by stretcher to waiting ambulances.

Gaining the highest marks in …
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Combined Therapy
Authors: Massimo Massi-Benedetti, Marco Orsini-Federici
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Type 2 diabetes is a progressive syndrome that evolves toward complete insulin deficiency during the patient's life. A stepwise approach for its treatment should be tailored according to the natural course of the disease, including adding insulin when hypoglycemic oral agent failure occurs. Treatment with insulin alone should eventually be considered in a relevant number of cases. Experience has shown the protective effects of insulin on beta-cell survival and function, resulting in more stable metabolic control. On the contrary, treatment with most insulin secretagogues has been associated with increased beta-cell apoptosis, reduced responsiveness to high glucose, and impairment of myocardial function during ischemic conditions. In addition, macrovascular complications are associated with postprandial hyperglycemia, indicating the need for tight glycemic control. Insulin treatment, especially with rapid-acting analogs, has been demonstrated to successfully control postprandial glucose excursions. Finally, a reason for concern with regard to combined therapy is represented by the evidence that polipharmacy reduces compliance to the treatment regimen. This can be particularly relevant in patients with type 2 diabetes usually taking drugs for complications and for concomitant diseases with consequent deterioration not only of metabolic control but also of other conditions. In conclusion, therapy with insulin alone immediately after hypoglycemic oral agent failure may be a useful and safe therapeutic approach in type 2 diabetes.
"Clinical" and "administrative" pharmacists.
Authors: J Fogg
Journal: BMJ (1971)

m= sH mEDICAL jouRNAL 25 sEPTEMBER 1971 ally required.Sorting and microfilming is likely to be too time-consuming to be pro- fitable.It it is impossible for hospitals to preserve case notes for a useful period of time could not some central storage depot be instituted in each region or area, where old medical records would be available to any hospital?It is a depressing thought that as fast as one is making careful and detailed clinical notes during one year, a "medical records destruction officer" is steadily tearing them up a few years later.-I am, etc.,
Combined Administration of Plasmids Encoding IL-4 and IL-10 Prevents the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Kyung Soo Ko, Minhyung Lee, Jae Joon Koh, Sung Wan Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Studies of animals with spontaneous autoimmune diabetes have revealed that autoreactive T cells that mediate islet β-cell destruction belong to the Th1 subset (producing IL-2 and IFN-γ), whereas regulatory T cells are Th2 type (producing IL-4 and IL-10). Here, we evaluate the effect of combined delivery of plasmid DNA encoding IL-4 and IL-10 using a degradable, cationic polymeric carrier, poly[γ-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid] (PAGA), in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. In the liver of NOD mice, we detected mouse Il4 and Il10 mRNA 5 days after intravenous injection of both PAGA-Il4 and PAGA-Il10 plasmid complexes. We found that 6 weeks after injection, 75% of observed islets were intact compared with less than 3% in the control group. Furthermore, in the treatment group, only 5% of the islets were severely infiltrated by the lymphocytes compared with over 30% in the control group. We measured glucose levels weekly up to the age of 32 weeks, revealing that co-injection of PAGA-Il4 and PAGA-Il10 plasmids prevented the development of diabetes in 75% of the treated animals. Thus, combined administration of mouse Il4 and Il10 plasmids prevents the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.
Catalyst-Equipped Cars, Oxides of Sulfur, and Respiratory Tract Irritation
Authors: DAVID C. STOLINSKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1983Catalyst-Equipped Cars, Oxides of Sulfur, and Respiratory Tract IrritationDAVID C. STOLINSKY, M.D.DAVID C. STOLINSKY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-413_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: Automotive emission-control devices are intended to reduce the amounts of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide in the exhaust. Unfortunately, while the amounts of these pollutants are reduced, the amounts of SO3and H2SO4are increased. Gasoline contains about 0.03% sulfur. Uncontrolled gas engines emit this as SO2but catalyst-equipped cars oxidize it further to SO3, which readily combines with moisture to yield H2SO4. The relative amounts of SO3and H2SO4emitted per mile by various engines are as follows (1): gas engine, no catalyst, no air pump: 1; gas engine, oxidizing catalyst, no air pump: 50;...References1. HARVEY C and GARBE R. The determination of a range of concern for mobile source emissions of sulfuric acid. Ann Arbor, Michigan: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1981. (EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/81-21). Google Scholar2. KAWECKI J. Emission of sulfur-bearing compounds from motor vehicles and aircraft engines: A report to Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1978. (EPA-600/9-78-028). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID C. STOLINSKY, M.D.Affiliations: 1562 Blue Jay Way; Los Angeles, CA 90069 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3 Page: 413-413 Keywords Carbon monoxide Hydrocarbons Respiratory system ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Many Researchers, Few Clinicians, Using Drug That May Slow, Even Prevent, Parkinson's
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

PROOF that more than symptoms are relieved is elusive. But a high price and "high brow" writing may also explain the weak response to strong evidence that a drug may slow the progression of Parkinson's disease. A 10-mg/d dose of deprenyl (selegiline hydrochloride, eldepryl, Somerset Pharmaceuticals, Denville, NJ) on average, nearly doubled the time before functional disability became significant enough that patients could no longer manage their daily routine without levodopa, according to results of the 800-patient Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy of Parkinsonism (DATATOP) study (<i>N Engl J Med.</i>1989;321:1364-1371). Only 25% of patients taking deprenyl with or without alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) progressed to that point within a year, compared with 44% of those not taking deprenyl. This result prompted researchers in the 28-center, double-blind study to put all subjects—and most patients in the investigators' own Parkinson's clinics-on the drug. Symptomatic improvement could not "by itself account for the
THE RÔLE OF THE THEBESIAN VESSELS IN THE CIRCULATION OF THE HEART
Authors: Joseph T. Wearn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

In summary, evidence has been presented to show a direct connection other than through the capillaries between the coronary arteries and the chambers of the heart. This connection was shown by perfusion, injections and serial sections to be through the Thebesian veins. Communications between the larger coronary veins and the Thebesian veins were also demonstrated by the same methods. Serial sections through Thebesian veins have shown capillaries draining directly into them. Under certain conditions it has been shown that as much as 90 per cent of the arterial flow may escape via the Thebesian vessels. Lastly, in the event of gradual closure of the orifices of the coronary arteries, the Thebesian vessels can supply the heart muscle with sufficient blood to enable it to maintain an efficient circulation.
Complication rate of coronary arteriography. A review of 5250 cases studied by a percutaneous femoral technique.
Authors: M G Bourassa, J Noble
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Distressing rates of embolic complications from coronary arteriography performed by the percutaneous femoral approach have been reported since 1972. From 1970-1974, 5250 patients underwent coronary arteriography in our laboratory by the same percutaneous femoral technique with preformed polyethylene catheters and no systemic heparinization. Data were recorded during and for 24 hours postcatheterization. The annual mortality rate averaged 0.23% and remained relatively stable. Our incidence of embolic complications was very low. In patients with normal coronary arteries, no fatal or serious nonfatal complications occurred. Left main coronary artery disease was present in all cases of mortality and greater than or equal to 60% stenosis was shown in nine of 12 instances. Thus major risk was proportional to the severity of disease in the left coronary system. The use of more aggressive supportive measures in these high-risk cases appears essential to reduce the total complication rate from coronary arteriography significantly.
Targeted mutation of plasma phospholipid transfer protein gene markedly reduces high-density lipoprotein levels
Authors: Xian-cheng Jiang, Can Bruce, Jefferson Mar, Min Lin, Yong Ji, Omar L. Francone, Alan R. Tall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

It has been proposed that the plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) facilitates the transfer of phospholipids and cholesterol from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) into high-density lipoproteins (HDL). To evaluate the in vivo role of PLTP in lipoprotein metabolism, we used homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells and produced mice with no PLTP gene expression. Analysis of plasma of F2 homozygous PLTP–/– mice showed complete loss of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, and partial loss of free cholesterol transfer activities. Moreover, the in vivo transfer of [3H]phosphatidylcholine ether from very-low-density proteins (VLDL) to HDL was abolished in PLTP–/– mice. On a chow diet, PLTP–/– mice showed marked decreases in HDL phospholipid (60%), cholesterol (65%), and apo AI (85%), but no significant change in non-HDL lipid or apo B levels, compared with wild-type littermates. On a high-fat diet, HDL levels were similarly decreased, but there was also an increase in VLDL and LDL phospholipids (210%), free cholesterol (60%), and cholesteryl ester (40%) without change in apo B levels, suggesting accumulation of surface components of TRL. Vesicular lipoproteins were shown by negative-stain electron microscopy of the free cholesterol– and phospholipid-enriched IDL/LDL fraction. Thus, PLTP is the major factor facilitating transfer of VLDL phospholipid into HDL. Reduced plasma PLTP activity causes markedly decreased HDL lipid and apoprotein, demonstrating the importance of transfer of surface components of TRL in the maintenance of HDL levels. Vesicular lipoproteins accumulating in PLTP–/– mice on a high-fat diet could influence the development of atherosclerosis.
Magnesium for Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
Authors: James M. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Magnesium was first used more than 60 years ago as a therapy for and prophylaxis against eclamptic seizures.1 It became standard treatment over the next 30 years and was associated with a dramatic reduction in maternal and neonatal morbidity related to eclampsia.2 Whether magnesium was responsible for the better outcome, however, was never tested in a randomized trial. Although newer and more effective anticonvulsant agents have become available, magnesium remains the mainstay of therapy for eclampsia. Its use has been criticized as being irrational, since it is not an anticonvulsant3 and is probably ineffective. On the other hand, it has . . .
ESwab challenges influenza virus propagation in cell cultures
Authors: R Trebbien, B Andersen, J Rønn, J McCauley, T Kølsen Fischer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Although the ESwab kit (Copan, Brescia, Italy) is intended for sampling bacteria for culture, this kit is increasingly also used for virus sampling. The effect of ESwab medium on influenza virus detection by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or virus propagation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture was investigated. The ESwab medium was suitable for viral RNA detection but not for viral propagation due to cytotoxicity. Sampling influenza viruses with ESwab challenges influenza surveillance by strongly limiting the possibility of antigenic characterisation.
The Anniversary Syndrome
Authors: Jacob J. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the recent article by Dr. Richard D. Juberg (220:112, 1972) "Making the Family History Relevant," the various steps to be taken in eliciting correct family information were given in detail. Five questions were posed. The first asked, "Is there any relative with an identical or very similar trait?" I should like to point out that it is sometimes extremely important to inquire as to the date of illness and what role, if any, the patient played in caring for the relative. This detail may not be significant from a genetic standpoint, but it may afford a valuable clue to the patient's symptoms. For example, I have seen patients suffering from paroxysmal tachycardia, attacks of chest pain, and vague complaints on the anniversary of the death of a close relative or friend. To an impressionable person, witnessing death can be an agonizing experience leaving a permanent psychologic
Detection of Stomach Peritoneal Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer Using PET-FDG
Authors: Ma Luz Dom??nguez Grande, J Garc??a Bueno, J P. Su??rez Fern??ndez, A Maldonado Su??rez, M Zome??o, A Ordov??s Oromend??a, O Kosvintseva, M A. Pozo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 67-year-old-woman diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastases was treated with sigmoid colectomy and cryotherapy with radiofrequency ablation for the hepatic metastases. Despite postoperative chemotherapy, serum CEA levels were rising. The patient underwent an FDG-PET study in which hepatic metastases and gastric tumoral uptake were shown. Surgical resection of the hepatic metastases was performed. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was detected. The stomach FDG uptake was the result of peritoneal infiltration. Although the peritoneal masses were resected, the stomach peritoneal infiltration could not be removed because of parietal involvement. She was treated with chemotherapy but died 6 months after surgery.
The Effects of High- and Medium-Dose Metformin Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type II Diabetes
Authors: Peter J Grant
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To study the dose response to metformin in type II diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Type II diabetic patients with a BMI &amp;gt; 25 were treated with 3,000 mg/day (n = 27), 1,500 mg/day (n = 25), or placebo (n = 23) for 6 months. Venous blood samples were taken at each visit for plasma glucose and insulin, HbA1c, triglyceride and cholesterol, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen and activity, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), and euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT). Blood pressure was recorded at each visit. RESULTS There were no changes in BMI or blood pressure. Blood glucose fell (mean) by 3.6 mmol/l in the high-dose and 0.5 mmol/l in the low-dose group over the 6-month study (P &amp;lt; 0.001 and NS compared with placebo). HbA1c and plasma insulin fell in both treatment groups (HbA1c, P &amp;lt; 0.001; insulin, P &amp;lt; 0.003 and 0.03). There was a fall in triglyceride (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.008) with high-dose metformin. PAI-1 antigen and activity fell by ∼ 20% of baseline in both treatment groups (PAI-1 antigen high dose, P &amp;lt; 0.01; PAI-1 antigen low dose, P &amp;lt; 0.002: PAI-1 activity high and low dose, P &amp;lt; 0.003). There were significant falls in total tPA in both groups (P &amp;lt; 0.004), but the overall effect was a fall in ECLT (P &amp;lt; 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that metformin has favorable effects on cardiovascular risk factors associated with type II diabetes. The effects on glycemic control and lipids are dose-dependent, while the enhanced fibrinolytic response is independent of the doses used.
Prehospital care of trauma must be improved in UK
Authors: A. Guha
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Lockey et al attempt to relate survival of patients with trauma given prehospital tracheal intubation without the aid of anaesthetic drugs.1 Their comment that “it was surprising that the outcome was almost always fatal” when a tracheal tube could be passed without anaesthetic drugs deserves further discussion, as this highlights the suboptimal prehospital management of severe trauma in the United Kingdom. Prehospital endotracheal intubation has been associated with improved survival in patients with blunt injury and a score on the Glasgow coma scale of …
Hypertension, Antihypertensive Medication Use, and Risk of Psoriasis
Authors: Shaowei Wu, Jiali Han, Wen-Qing Li, Abrar A. Qureshi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Individuals with psoriasis have an elevated risk of hypertension, and antihypertensive medications, especially β-blockers, have been linked to psoriasis development. However, the association of prior existing hypertension and antihypertensive medications with risk of incident psoriasis has not been assessed using prospective data. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the association of hypertension and antihypertensive medications with risk of psoriasis. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We performed a prospective cohort study (June 1, 1996, to June 1, 2008) of 77 728 US women from the Nurses' Health Study who provided biennially updated data on hypertension and antihypertensive medications. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Physician-diagnosed psoriasis. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 843 incident psoriasis cases were documented during 1 066 339 person-years of follow-up. Compared with normotensive women, women with a hypertension duration of 6 years or more were at a higher risk of developing psoriasis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.57). In stratified analysis, the risk of psoriasis was higher among hypertensive women without medication use (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.15-1.92) and among hypertensive women with current medication use (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10-1.55) when compared with normotensive participants without medication use. Compared with women who never used β-blockers, the multivariate HRs for psoriasis for women who regularly used β-blockers were 1.11 (95% CI, 0.82-1.51) for 1 to 2 years of use, 1.06 (95% CI, 0.79-1.40) for 3 to 5 years of use, and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.11-1.73) for 6 years or more of use (<i>P</i>for trend = .009). No association was found between use of other individual antihypertensive drugs and risk of psoriasis. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Long-term hypertensive status is associated with an increased risk of psoriasis. Long-term regular use of β-blockers may also increase the risk of psoriasis.
Inverse effects of the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on measures of adiposity over 15 years in African Americans and whites. The CARDIA study
Authors: Myriam Fornage, David R. Jacobs, Michael W. Steffes, Myron D. Gross, Molly S. Bray, Pamela J. Schreiner
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
A piece of my mind. October days
Authors: P. R. McCombs
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The telephone call from my father caught me unprepared, since he never asked me for help. Most surprisingly, his call was an appeal to my professional judgment. He recited a medical history that I recognized instantly. In exquisite detail, he described a pain in his left instep and calf that, 10 days previously, had stopped him as he walked. At first his limit was a quarter mile, later the 100 yards to the mailbox, and eventually the next room. After a week he noticed the same incapacitating pain in his right leg. Now his toes hurt and both feet were cool, blue, and obviously ischemic. The thought of it chilled me. He had never before had symptoms of circulatory impairment, but the rapid progression of his symptoms predicted disability, arterial surgery, and, possibly, amputation of both legs. Though he recounted these unnerving events dispassionately, I soon realized how worried he
METHYLENE BLUE AS ANTIDOTE FOR CYANIDE POISONING
Authors: P. J. Hanzlik
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —In the correspondence about Methylene Blue as Antidote for Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (The Journal, January 7, p. 59), my knowledge of the possible usefulness of methylene blue in the treatment of cyanide poisoning and my service to the San Francisco Department of Public Health have been referred to.  The use of methylene blue (methylthionine chloride, U. S. P.) in the treatment of cyanide poisoning is not original with Mrs. Brooks. The antidotal action of this dye in cyanide poisoning was first demonstrated by Sahlin of Lund in 1926 ( Skandinav. Arch. f. Physiol.  47 :284, 1926) and significantly established by Eddy of the University of Michigan in 1930 ( J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap.  39 :271, 1930). Eddy states that it [methylene blue] stimulated respiration when that was depressed by sodium cyanide to the point of enabling an animal to survive an otherwise fatal dose of cyanide.