tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association Committee on Legislation.
Authors: L. B. Tuckerman
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Cleveland, Ohio, Nov. 1, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> Readers of theJournalwill remember that at the Columbus meeting of theAssociationthe Committee on Legislation, of which Dr. H. L. E. Johnson, Washington, D. C., is chairman, was authorized to invite, in the name of theAssociation, the army medical service, the navy medical service and each state society of legally qualified practitioners of medicine, to send one delegate each to a conference to be held at Washington, D. C.; such conference to consider the medical and sanitary legislation now pending, and the members of the conference to report to their respective societies such action as ought to be taken. It goes without saying that the members of the conference will push to their utmost ability those measures on which the profession is now in substantial agreement, such as, for instance, the measure to establish a national board
Training for General Practice
Authors: J. D. Bury
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Training for General Practice Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Ambulatory Holter Electrocardiography: Choice of Technologies and Clinical Uses
Authors: JOEL MORGANROTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Rapid growth in the use and complexity of Holter monitoring technologies has resulted in the diverse recorders and analysis devices that are compared in this review. Holter recording modes include continuous recording, which makes all electrocardiographic (ECG) data available for analysis; patient-activated recording, which is useful for capturing infrequent symptomatic arrhythmias; and event recording, which provides data on ECG events detected by the recorder, but whose reliability is limited. Various sophisticated, computer-based analysis systems exist, with varying prices and degrees of accuracy and reliability. Quantitative data are essential in the use of Holter monitoring to define the response of ventricular arrhythmias to therapeutic interventions, but the physician must be wary of quantitative data unless a quality-control program has been established and validated. Although Holter monitoring is safe, problems in recording and in differentiating artifacts from true cardiac rhythm disturbances may result in false clinical diagnoses unless these problems are recognized.
Assessment of myocardial perfusion in humans by contrast echocardiography. I. Evaluation of regional coronary reserve by peak contrast intensity
Authors: Jorge Cheirif, William A Zoghbi, Albert E Raizner, Steven T Minor, William L Winters, Milton S Klein, Thomas L De Bauche, John M Lewis, Robert Roberts, Miguel A Quinones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
A NEW OPHTHALMOSCOPE.
Authors: J. L. BORSCH
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In this instrument the first noticeable feature is the construction and placing of the mirror; this not only tilts but also revolves about its own axis. The second feature is that the body of the instrument is so constructed that it can be revolved around its own axis carrying the mirror with it. This gives the mirror a third motion, first, tilting; second, revolving around its own axis; third, revolving around the axis of the body of the instrument, whereby the user can place the mirror at any desired position while the arrangement of the lenses remain undisturbed. There are two lens discs effectually covered and protected from dust and handling, one containing the following lenses: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12 convex, and 0.50 and 13 concave. The other disc contain: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12
EVALUATION OF A SUCROSE/ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION FOR ORAL REHYDRATION IN ACUTE INFANTILE DIARRHŒA
Authors: Asok Chatterjee, K.N. Jalan, S.K. Agarwal, Dilip Mahalanabis, T.K. Maitra, D.K. Bagchi, S. Indra
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
Relief of Angina Pectoris by Valsalva Maneuver
Authors: Herbert J. Levine, Kevin M. McIntyre, M. Michael Glovsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

NITROGLYCERIN and amylnitrite have long been the only effective means by which a patient suffering from angina pectoris may obtain prompt relief of pain without a physician in attendance. In 1928 Wassermann1 observed that carotid-sinus stimulation may abruptly terminate an attack of angina pectoris. This maneuver has been popularized by Levine,2 , 3 who has emphasized its diagnostic value in cases of atypical chest pain. Aside from these 2 therapeutic measures, 1 pharmacologic and the other mechanical, no immediately effective treatment of angina pectoris is known.Recently, we encountered 5 patients with angina pectoris who discovered that they were able to terminate . . .
Effective plasma volume in cirrhosis with ascites. Evidence that a decreased value does not account for renal sodium retention, a spontaneous reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and a fall in GFR during drug-induced diuresis
Authors: Fred L. Lieberman, Sosuke Ito, Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

A reduction in effective (nonportal) plasma volume is considered the basis for renal sodium retention, a spontaneous reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and a fall in GFR occurring during drug-induced diuresis in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. In the present study the concept of a reduced effective plasma volume in cirrhosis is challenged by two lines of evidence, even though effective plasma volume itself could not be measured. (a) Total plasma volume failed to rise in 10 patients with the spontaneous loss of ascites, the appearance of sodium in the urine, and a rise in GFR. Portal pressure remained constant in these patients as ascites left, suggesting that effective plasma volume had not increased while portal plasma volume decreased. (b) Reduction of GFR could not be prevented in five patients with cirrhosis and ascites while total plasma volume was prevented from falling with albumin infusions during drug-induced diuresis. Reduction of GFR during drug-induced diuresis in 15 patients with cirrhosis and ascites was completely reversed with saline infusion despite continued diuresis with the identical drugs, excluding drug nephrotoxicity as the cause for the reduced GFR. The ascites of cirrhosis might no longer be regarded as a cause of effective plasma volume contraction, stimulating renal sodium retention and a reduction in GFR. More likely, this form of ascites is a result of plasma volume expansion and sodium retention. The causes for renal sodium retention and a spontaneous reduction in GFR remain unknown. The cause for a fall in GFR during drug-induced diuresis also remains unknown, but effective plasma volume contraction and drug nephrotoxicity seem excluded.
What to Do About Dietary Saturated Fats?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

MANY cholesterol-lowering recommendations suggest reducing dietary saturated fats and replacing them with unsaturated fats. But there is mounting concern that wholesale replacement of saturated with unsaturated fats may be too much of a good thing. So, is it time to revise current dietary recommendations to strike a balance among these fats? Not yet—at least as far as American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines are concerned—concluded participants in a Washington, DC, AHA meeting. The conclusion is strictly interim. "This is going to be evaluated over and over again," predicts the meeting's chair, Robert J. Nicolosi, MD, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Lowell (Mass). However, while warning against losing sight of the main message—lower the amount of saturated fats in the diet—he adds that a new issue is: What is the replacement for saturated fats? By some estimates, 15% of the calories in the US diet come from saturated fat. The
952 2′ -DEOXY-NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS AS POTENT DUAL INHIBITORS OF HCV AND HIV REPLICATION, WITH SELECTIVITY AGAINST OTHER VIRAL AND HUMAN POLYMERASES
Authors: K. Klumpp, G. Su, J. Deval, V. Leveque, A. Jekle, S. Rajyaguru, P. Gee, Y. Li, J. Hang, H. Ma, N. Inocencio, G. Kalayanov, A. Winqvist, D. Smith, N. Cammack, N.G. Johansson, G. Heilek, I. Najera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Pfannenstiel versus Vertical Laparotomy in Patients Undergoing Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy with Spinal Anesthesia: Results of a Prospective, Randomized Trial
Authors: Andrea Salonia, Nazareno Suardi, Antonella Crescenti, Giuseppe Zanni, Gemma Viola Fantini, Andrea Gallina, Massimo Ghezzi, Renzo Colombo, Francesco Montorsi, Patrizio Rigatti
Journal: European Urology (2004)
The Economic Environment of Resident Physicians
Authors: Douglas E. Hough
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We examined the financial, working, and educational environment of resident physicians, using mail surveys of residents conducted in 1979 and 1983. Variables examined include annual residency salary, fringe benefits, educational debt, moonlighting income, hours and types of work, and perceived problems with the residency programs. Three conclusions are drawn from the surveys. First, the rapid increases in resident salaries prevalent in the late 1960s and early 1970s have been replaced by more modest advances. Second, resident physicians are not indicating great concern about their current financial status. Third, resident physicians work long hours, but teaching hospitals have not increased their use of residents. These findings illustrate the dual nature of residency training: residents are both students and employees. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:1758-1762)
Compartment-specific bioluminescence imaging platform for the high-throughput evaluation of antitumor immune function
Authors: Douglas W. McMillin, Jake Delmore, Joseph M. Negri, Matthew Vanneman, Shohei Koyama, Robert L. Schlossman, Nikhil C. Munshi, Jacob Laubach, Paul G. Richardson, Glenn Dranoff, Kenneth C. Anderson, Constantine S. Mitsiades
Journal: Blood (2012)
Short-term Hemodynamic Effects of Endothelin Receptor Blockade in Dogs With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Hisashi Shimoyama, Hani N. Sabbah, Steven Borzak, Mitsuhiro Tanimura, Serguei Shevlyagin, Gloria Scicli, Sidney Goldstein
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Plasma endothelin levels are increased in heart failure and may contribute to the increased peripheral vasoconstriction that characterizes this disease state. In the present study, we examined the effects of intravenous bosentan, a nonpeptide, competitive endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, on hemodynamics in dogs with chronic heart failure. Methods and Results Chronic heart failure was produced in 11 dogs by multiple sequential intracoronary microembolization. At the time of study, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was 25±2%. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements were made at baseline and at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after a bolus injection of bosentan (10 mg/kg). Bosentan had no significant effect on heart rate or mean aortic blood pressure. At 60 minutes, bosentan reduced LV end-diastolic pressure (17±2 versus 11±2 mm Hg; P &lt;.05) and systemic vascular resistance (3891±379 versus 3071±346 dyne·s·cm − 5 ; P &lt;.05) compared with baseline and increased cardiac output (2.63±0.29 versus 3.33±0.46 L/min; P &lt;.05), peak rate of change of LV pressure during isovolumic contraction and relaxation (1751±92 versus 2197±170 mm Hg/s; P &lt;.05), and LV fractional shortening determined by echocardiography (30±2% versus 36±2%; P &lt;.05). Conclusions Short-term intravenous bosentan reduced systemic vascular resistance and improved overall LV performance in dogs with chronic heart failure. These results suggest that endothelin-1 receptor antagonists may be useful therapeutic agents in the treatment of heart failure.
Improved Pulmonary Function by Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition in a Newborn Piglet Lavage Model
Authors: Philipp von Bismarck, Carlos-Francisco García Wistädt, Karsten Klemm, Supandi Winoto-Morbach, Ulrike Uhlig, Stefan Schütze, Dieter Adam, Burkhard Lachmann, Stefan Uhlig, Martin F. Krause
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

In acute inflammatory lung disease in newborn infants, exogenous surfactant only transiently improves lung function. We hypothesized that the transient nature of this protection is in part explained by elevated acid sphingomyelinase (a-SMase) activity that may inactivate surfactant and promote proinflammatory responses.We investigated the intermediate-term effects (>12 h) of a-SMase inhibition in a neonatal piglet model of repeated airway lavage by the intratracheal use of the a-SMase inhibitor imipramine, together with exogenous surfactant as a carrier substance.After surfactant washout and induction of pulmonary inflammation, lung function was monitored over 24 hours of mechanical ventilation and followed by ex vivo analyses. In addition, we studied the effect of lipopolysaccharide inhalation in a-SMase-deficient mice at 48 hours.Surfactant washout increased both pulmonary a-SMase activity and ceramide content; this was attenuated by surfactant and prevented in the surfactant plus imipramine group. Compared with surfactant alone, Pa(O(2)), dynamic compliance, and extravascular lung water were improved in the final 12 hours in the surfactant plus imipramine group. At 24 hours, lavage fluid leukocyte counts and IL-8 concentrations decreased, and physical surfactant film properties improved. In the mouse model at 48 hours, a-SMase-deficient mice showed reduced pulmonary ceramide levels and attenuated leukocyte influx into the alveolar space.We conclude that stabilization of exogenous surfactant by adding imipramine to create a "fortified surfactant preparation" improves lung function in a clinically relevant piglet model, and that this effect can be attributed to the inhibition of a-SMase as evidenced in the mouse model.
Acute hepatitis B infection associated with blood transfusion in England and Wales, 1991-7: review of database
Authors: K Soldan, M Ramsay, M Collins
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Blood donations in England and Wales are collected from healthy donors who do not acknowledge factors associated with an increased risk of bloodborne infections.All donations issued for transfusion since the early 1970s have been tested for hepatitis B surface antigen as a marker of transmissible hepatitis B virus.These measures have resulted in low rates of transmission by transfusion but have not eliminated all infectious donations from the blood supply.Hepatitis B infections in transfusion recipients are investigated by the national blood services to identify if they were transmitted by transfusion.A donation is concluded as having been probably infectious if the donor was surface antigen negative but had evidence of acute infection or of carrying the virus (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen with no or low titres of antibody to surface antigen 1 ) or if the donor was surface antigen positive (on review of test results or retesting archived serum) and blood was erroneously released.Mutant strains of hepatitis B virus not detected by routine surface antigen tests also pose a risk of infectious donations being transfused. 2 Acute hepatitis B infections, and the probable route of infection, are reported voluntarily by laboratories in England and Wales to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre.We examined these reports to describe the frequency and nature of acute hepatitis B infection transmitted by transfusion.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Malcolm C. Pike
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Colditz et al<sup>1</sup>from the Nurses' Health Study conclude that there is a statistically significant elevation of 36% in breast cancer risk that is limited to current users of estrogen replacement therapy, and that there is no relationship with duration of use. The report, however, does not consider an important risk factor for breast cancer: age at menopause. Although this is most unlikely to alter the conclusion about an elevation in breast cancer risk associated with use of estrogen replacement therapy, it raises serious doubts about the relationship's being restricted to current users and about there being no relationship with duration of use. It is generally accepted that earlier ages at menopause are associated with lower risks of breast cancer,<sup>2</sup>and we have found that women with early menopause have greater use of replacement hormones.<sup>3</sup>If use of estrogen replacement therapy is associated with
Virus Isolation From and Identification of HTLV-III/LAV-Producing Cells in Brain Tissue From a Patient With AIDS
Authors: Suzanne Gartner, Paul Markovits, David M. Markovitz, Robert F. Betts, Mikulas Popovic
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Primary cultures from a brain biopsy specimen of a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) seropositive patient with progressive dementia contained small numbers of monocytoid cells and showed reverse transcriptase activity that persisted for as long as 100 days. Electron microscopy of these cells revealed the presence of HTLV-III/LAV virions. Subcultured cells removed from primary cultures by trypsinization were nonspecific esterase negative and did not express virus or show evidence of HTLV-III/LAV proviral sequences, while those remaining in the original flasks were nonspecific esterase positive and continued to produce virus. Virus from primary cultures was transmitted to peripheral blood-derived monocyte-macrophages and T cells. Virus production in T-cell cultures was transient while the monocyte-macrophages, like the primary cultures, produced virus for at least 120 days. Infection of several brain-derived cells with this and another HTLV-III/LAV isolate failed to demonstrate virus replication. These results indicate that the HTLV-III/LAV-infected cells recovered from the brain of this patient are cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series.
Acute Fructose Administration Improves Oral Glucose Tolerance in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mary Courtney Moore, Stephen N. Davis, Stephnie L. Mann, Alan D. Cherrington
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—In normal adults, a small (catalytic) dose of fructose administered with glucose decreases the glycemic response to a glucose load, especially in those with the poorest glucose tolerance. We hypothesized that an acute catalytic dose of fructose would also improve glucose tolerance in individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Five adults with type 2 diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on two separate occasions, at least 1 week apart. Each OGTT consisted of 75 g glucose with or without the addition of 7.5 g fructose (OGTT + F or OGTT – F), in random order. Arterialized blood samples were collected from a heated dorsal hand vein twice before ingestion of the carbohydrate and every 15 min for 3 h afterward. RESULTS—The area under the curve (AUC) of the plasma glucose response was reduced by fructose administration in all subjects; the mean AUC during the OGTT + F was 14% less than that during the OGTT – F (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The insulin AUC was decreased 21% with fructose administration (P = 0.2). Plasma glucagon concentrations declined similarly during OGTT – F and OGTT + F. The incremental AUC of the blood lactate response during the OGTT – F was ∼50% of that observed during the OGTT + F (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Neither nonesterified fatty acid nor triglyceride concentrations differed between the two OGTTs. CONCLUSIONS—Low-dose fructose improves the glycemic response to an oral glucose load in adults with type 2 diabetes, and this effect is not a result of stimulation of insulin secretion.
Gastrointestinal digestion of Bet v 1–homologous food allergens destroys their mediator-releasing, but not T cell–activating, capacity
Authors: E SCHIMEK, B ZWOLFER, P BRIZA, B JAHNSCHMID, L VOGEL, S VIETHS, C EBNER, B BOHLE
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Alcohol-related deaths of American Indians
Authors: R. P. Gibb
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To  Editor.  —The article on pedestrian and hypothermic deaths among Native Americans in New Mexico 1 parallels  experience of  Whatcom County Medical Examiner's Office in Northwest Washington. In our community  incidence of sexual assault of Native American women 2 and homicide of and by Native American women is similarly disproportionate. Alcohol is similarly a major feature in these assaults.  At issue is  statement that was made in  accompanying Editorial that the surrounding communities and individuals must recognize tribal sovereignty and  conclusion that [t]he strategy for solving alcohol-related problems must be comprehensive and must acknowledge tribal sovereignty. 3   As long as  American Indian community insists on being considered a third world nation, demanding special social and economic welfare-type handouts, a significant segment of its population will perceive themselves as second-rate citizens and seek escape in self-destructive social and health behavioral practices. Poor self-esteem,
Public Medical Care in Great Britain and the Scandinavian Countries
Authors: Franz Goldmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

PUBLIC medical care, characterized by the utilization of general tax funds for the support of medical-care programs and the use of public agencies for the administration of the tax-supported facilities and services, is in a far-advanced stage of development in Great Britain, Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The present systems are the result of long experimentation with various methods of organization and are still in process of revision. They are not finished products but do show the pattern being shaped in "the workshop in which the future is being made" in these countries.In Great Britain, a comprehensive program of public . . .
In vitro and in vivo growth suppression of human papillomavirus 16-positive cervical cancer cells by e6 siRNA
Authors: Mitsuo Yoshinouchi, Taketo Yamada, Masahiro Kizaki, Jin Fen, Takeyoshi Koseki, Yasuo Ikeda, Tatsuji Nishihara, Kenji Yamato
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), a causative agent of cervical cancers, encodes the E6 and E7 oncogenes, whose simultaneous expression is pivotal for malignant transformation and maintenance of malignant phenotypes. In the hope of developing a gene-specific therapy for HPV-related cancer, we examined the effects of E6 short-interfering RNA (siRNA) on the expression of these oncogenes and on the cell growth of HPV16-related cervical cancer cells. Using SiHa cervical cancer cells, we demonstrated that E6 siRNA decreased the levels of mRNA encoding E6 as well as that encoding E7 protein and also induced nuclear accumulation of p53, the most important target of E6. E6 siRNA suppressed monolayer and anchorage-independent growth of SiHa cells, which was associated with p21(CIP1/WAF1) induction and hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Further, SiHa cells treated with E6 siRNA formed tumors in NOD/SCID mice that were significantly smaller than in those treated with control siRNA. Our results show HPV E6 siRNA as a candidate for gene-specific therapy for HPV-related cervical cancer.
435 LOW NK CELL NUMBER, LOW HCV-SPECIFIC IL-10 PRODUCTION AND HIGH CD56BRIGHT CELL NUMBER PREDICT RESPONSE TO PEGYLATED-INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN THERAPY IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN CHILDREN
Authors: I. Carey, A. Mendes, D. Cebecauerova, S. Bansal, P. Subramaniam, S. Tizzard, G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)