tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for tinea unguium by Dermatophyte Test Strip
Authors: Y. Tsunemi, K. Takehara, Y. Miura, G. Nakagami, H. Sanada, M. Kawashima
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

The direct microscopy, fungal culture and histopathology that are necessary for the definitive diagnosis of tinea unguium are disadvantageous in that detection sensitivity is affected by the level of skill of the person who performs the testing, and the procedures take a long time. The Dermatophyte Test Strip, which was developed recently, can simply and easily detect filamentous fungi in samples in a short time, and there are expectations for its use as a method for tinea unguium screening. With this in mind, we examined the detection capacity of the Dermatophyte Test Strip for tinea unguium. The presence or absence of fungal elements was judged by direct microscopy and Dermatophyte Test Strip in 165 nail samples obtained from residents in nursing homes for the elderly. Moreover, the minimum sample amount required for positive determination was estimated using 32 samples that showed positive results by Dermatophyte Test Strip. The Dermatophyte Test Strip showed 98% sensitivity, 78% specificity, 84·8% positive predictive value, 97% negative predictive value and a positive and negative concordance rate of 89·1%. The minimum sample amount required for positive determination was 0·002–0·722 mg. The Dermatophyte Test Strip showed very high sensitivity and negative predictive value, and was considered a potentially useful method for tinea unguium screening. Positive determination was considered to be possible with a sample amount of about 1 mg.
Quantitative Pathologic Changes in the Human Testis after Vasectomy
Authors: Jonathan P. Jarow, Robert E. Budin, Martin Dym, Barry R. Zirkin, Staffan Noren, Fray F. Marshall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

To determine whether there are any deleterious changes in the human testis after vasectomy, we obtained testicular biopsy specimens from 31 healthy men undergoing vasectomy reversal and from 21 healthy, fertile volunteers. Morphometric analyses of these specimens revealed a 100 per cent increase in the thickness of the seminiferous tubular walls (P<0.001), a 50 per cent increase in the mean cross-sectional tubular area (P<0.001), and a significant reduction in the mean number of Sertoli cells (P<0.01) and spermatids (P<0.01 ) per tubular cross section in the post-vasectomy group, as compared with the control group. Focal interstitial fibrosis was observed in 23 per cent of the specimens from the post-vasectomy group and in none from the control group. There was a significant correlation (P<0.01) between interstitial fibrosis and infertility in patients who underwent a surgically successful vasectomy reversal (sperm in the ejaculate). None of the other measured characteristics correlated with infertility after vasectomy reversal. We conclude that significant morphologic changes occur in the human testis after vasectomy. The presence of focal interstitial fibrosis was associated with a high incidence of infertility in this series. (N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1252–6.)
Southern California Permanente Medical Group
Authors: J. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We of the Southern California Permanente Medical Group were flattered by the favorable comments expressed by Dr Amador regarding our centralized laboratory operation in his article "Shared Clinical Laboratories" (236:1162, 1976). We feel, however, that a few inaccuracies should be corrected in an otherwise excellent, thought-provoking article. The statement "significant defects in the Permanente Systems are the absence of teaching programs for residents and student technologists and the total absence of research" is incorrect. For many years we have had an approved, four-year residency program in pathology. For more than 20 years we have had a California State Department of Public Health approved school of medical technology and have prepared for licensure 10 to 12 students per year. The quality of our teaching program is second to none in the area. Moreover, we have a regularly scheduled, in-house educational program, on company time, for all personnel, and we
Vascular smooth muscle. Calmodulin and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase after calcium sensitivity in porcine carotid skinned fibers.
Authors: J C Rüegg, R J Paul
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Recent work on vascular smooth muscle actomyosin has indicated that the Ca2+ sensitivity of both ATPase and superprecipitation are affected by calmodulin (CaM) and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cPK). Using a "chemically skinned" arterial preparation, we have extended these observations to the intact structured contractile system. Media from hog carotid artery were skinned with 1% Triton X-100 followed by a 50% glycerol-ATP salt solution, in which the strips were stored at -25 degrees C. Small strips (thickness between 0.1 and 0.2 mm) were mounted isometrically and relaxed in a Mg-ATP salt solution, pH 6.7, Ca2+ 10(-8) M, 30 degrees C. Ca2+ elicited a contraction with an ED50 of 10(-6) M. Isometric force was between 1 and 4 mN, consistent with the force observed before skinning. With time, the preparation became less sensitive with an increase in ED50 to 10(-5.7) M. CaM (4 micro M) reverses this loss, stabilizes the preparation, and sharply accelerates the rate of tension development. The ED50 in the presence of 4 micro M CaM shifts to about 10(-7) M. This effect is dose-dependent, with the half maximal effect at about 0.4 micro M CaM. Submaximal Ca2+ contractions can be reversibly depressed by preincubation of relaxed fibers with cPK catalytic subunit (300 U/ml), even in the presence of 4 micro M CaM. An inhibition of about 50% of the contraction at 0.2 micro M Ca2+ was obtained, whereas only 20% inhibition was found at 6 micro M Ca2+. Our findings suggest that changes in vascular contractility cannot be described solely in terms of changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+, and that changes in the sensitivity of the contractile protein to a given Ca2+ concentration are also potential mechanisms for vasodilation.
Jejunal pH and folic acid.
Authors: W F Doe, A V Hoffbrand, P I Reed, J M Scott
Journal: BMJ (1971)

in which Dr. Linus Pauling's book Vitamin C and the Common Cold' was discussed.During the past six years a programme of research has been carried out in this department on various aspects of the metabolism and action of vitamin C, and several papers have now been published describing the results.27Included in this programme has been a study on the relationship between the administration of supplementary vitamin C and the occurrence of symptoms of the -common cold.Dr. Pauling referred to the results of these investigations in his book.Any discussion about vitamin C and the common cold must take into account the human requirements for exogenous vitamin C. The United Kingdom Panel on Recommended Allowances of Nutrients points out that there are two theories about the human Ce-ntral Pathological Laboratory, Blantyre, Malawi
Junior Psychiatrists and Independent Research
Authors: Olivier Andlauer, Kfir Feffer, Florian Riese
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Phase I Study of Adenovirus p53 Administered by Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients With Bronchioloalveolar Cell Lung Carcinoma: ECOG 6597
Authors: Vicki Keedy, Wei Wang, Joan Schiller, Sunil Chada, Bonnie Slovis, Keith Coffee, John Worrell, Lyn A. Thet, David H. Johnson, David P. Carbone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose This pilot phase I trial evaluated the safety and maximum-tolerated dose of p53 gene transfer using an adenovirus vector (Ad-p53) delivered via bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to patients with bronchioloalveolar lung carcinoma (BAC). Patients and Methods Patients were initially administered two treatments of Ad-p53 to a single involved lobe, beginning at 2 × 10 9 viral particles (vp) per dose and escalated to a maximum of 2 × 10 12 vp. If a clinical benefit was seen and the treatment was well tolerated, additional doses could be administered to additional lobes. Results Twenty-five patients were treated at doses between 2 × 10 9 and 2 × 10 12 vp. At 2 × 10 12 vp, one patient experienced grade 4 pulmonary toxicity, and one patient died 25 days after his second cycle; therefore, a cohort of 10 patients was treated at the recommended phase II dose of 5 × 10 11 vp, with no grade 4 toxicity observed. The most frequent toxicities included low-grade fever, hypoxia, and dyspnea. Of the 23 assessable patients, 16 had stable disease as their best response. Subjective improvement in breathing was noted in eight patients. Limited distribution of vector was observed, with transient detection in patient sputum for 1 to 2 days after administration. Conclusion Ad-p53 can be administered safely by BAL at 5 × 10 11 vp with repeated dosing. Stabilization of disease and symptomatic improvement may warrant further studies of Ad-p53 or other adenoviruses administered by BAL in patients with BAC.
Decreased Testicular Cancer Risk in Men Born in Wartime
Authors: H. MOLLER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Decreased Testicular Cancer Risk in Men Born in Wartime Get access HENRIK MØLLER HENRIK MØLLER Danish Cancer Registry, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer SocietyCopenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 21, 1 November 1989, Pages 1668–1669, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.21.1668-a Published: 01 November 1989
Immunization in Clinical Practice: A Useful Guideline to Vaccines, Sera, and Immune Globulins in Clinical Practice
Authors: Hugh A. Carithers
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A book review may be descriptive, evaluative, or, one would hope, a useful blend of the two. I decided to take the evaluative route first with this neatly designed book of modest size and to challenge it with problems in the field of immunization as they arise in daily practice. Serving on a committee of physicians, I was asked, as one involved with immunizations every day, why antibodies to poliomyelitis received by the fetus from the mother do not interfere with formation of natural antibodies when the infant is given oral vaccine in the first months of life. This is, of course, in marked contrast to the situation with measles immunization, where it has been proved that antibodies acquired by the infant from the mother interfere with natural antibody formation up to 12 or a few more months of age. This problem was not addressed directly in the book, but
Eczema after intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin.
Authors: C Barucha, J C McMillan
Journal: BMJ (1987)

DRs C BARucHA and J C MCMILLAN (Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AD) write: The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in high doses has become an accepted treatment for patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. The intravenous polyvalent pH 4 treated intact gammaglobulin concentrate prepared by the Swiss Red Cross (Sandoglobulin) has been evaluated in the laboratory,' and only a few minor adverse reactions have been reported in clinical trials2 3; the Committee on Safety of Medicines has received no reports ofadverse reactions. We report the occurrence ofsevere extensive eczema after infusion of Sandoglobulin. The patient was a 75 year old woman who fulfilled the criteria for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura when thrombocytopenia was first noted in 1982. After initially responding to steroids she became refractory, and Sandoglobulin infusions (1 g/kg daily for two days) were started in April 1986. No adverse reactions were noted, and her platelet count rose from 6x 109/1 to 158 x 109/1. She received a second infusion of Sandoglobulin seven weeks later, but at review one month after the infusion she complained of a rash, which had appeared one week previously and had been diagnosed by her general practitioner as allergic. She was successfully treated with topical steroids and oral antihistamine. There was no history of atopy. She received a third course of Sandoglobulin after another interval of six weeks, and at review two weeks after the infusion she had a florid generalised eczematous rash. The clinical appearance was consistent with acute excoriated eczema, and a skin biopsy specimen suggested a drug reaction. Cutaneous reactions like angio-oedema, urticaria, and pruritus are associated with blood products, while eczematous reactions are rare. Cutaneous reactions after infusion of hydroxyethyl starch have been reported.4 The manufacturers of Sandoglobulin have received one report ofa case from the United States, in which sensitisation to porcine pepsin (1:10000 to prevent aggregates) was suspected to be due to previous exposure to insulin (E M Thompson, personal communication). Despite extensive studies we found no proof of a humoral or cellular mechanism. Our patient has required several additional infusions of Sandoglobulin, which were given with concommitant administration of hydrocortisone and chlorpheniramine together with topical steroid applications. There has been no acute exacerbation with each infusion, although she continues to suffer from widespread eczema.
Intratracheal Penicillin for Infected Bronchiectasis
Authors: H. B. May, M. A. Floyer
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Many hands were swollen as a result of prolonged soaking, and others (about 30%) had had operations (mostly without anaesthesia) before attending hospital.For all groups the average time before being seen was nine days-longest in the web-infection group, and shortest in the tenosynovitis group, probably because of the severity of the pain and disability in the latter.The most striking effect of penicillin treatment as compared with other methods was the freedom from pain post-operatively, especially in the tenosynovitis series, and the absence of post- operative complications (spreading infection, lymphangitis, adenitis).The most gratifying finding was the spectacular results in acute suppurative tenosynovitis, a condition attended by distressing results in our hands prior to aspiration-injection therapy. ConclusionsPenicillin used locally is effective in the treatment of infections of the fingers, such as pulp whitlow, paronychia, and web-space infections, when the organism is susceptible.It is possible to get perfect results in the treatment of acute suppurative tenosynovitis of the fingers by aspiration of the sheath and injection of penicillin.It is important to remove slough wben using penicillin locally.Local penicillin has no apparent beneficial effect on the end- result in acute osteomyelitis of the phalanges.Penicillin cream (in a new base-eucerin L.M.-Dr.Seiler) is an improvement on other methods of applying penicillin locally.
Handguns and Homicide
Authors: Bill E. Barry
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Browning's article "Handguns and Homicide" (236:2198, 1976) brings to mind Dr Ingelfinger's "Seduction by Citation" in the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>(295:1075-1076, 1976). Certainly there are many, including myself, who would question the statistics that Dr Browning presents.
Kenneth Taylor responds to Des Spence
Authors: K. G. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The time and place for digital rectal examination in the full assessment of a patient are all important.1

I recall the case of a middle aged person who collapsed in the street. There was no significant history, and the main finding on examination was a significant postural drop in blood pressure. Rectal examination showed melaena, and, after resuscitation, the patient was found to have a bleeding duodenal ulcer. Not a useless examination in this case.

What about a patient with an acute abdomen with suspected acute appendicitis in whom acute tenderness is shown on rectal examination owing to a pelvic appendix? Is it a useless …
Measurement of the Protective Effect of Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccine
Authors: J. Knowelden, J. H. Hale, P. S. Gardner, L. H. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The assessment of the protective effect of attenuated poliovirus vaccines is particularly difficult. The technique which has been outstandingly successful with other vaccines, such as inactivated poliovirus vaccine, whooping-cough vaccine, and B.C.G., is that of the controlled prophylactic trial, but there are reasons why the method is not readily applicable to this particular problem. In the first place, many of the countries which experienced high morbidity from poliomyelitis in the past have used inactivated virus vaccines on a wide scale, and it would not be easy to allocate individuals in a population randomly to receive either inactivated or live virus vaccine ; allocation at random to either attenuated virus or no vaccine at all is clearly unethical. Secondly, because of the widespread use of inactivated vaccines or for other reasons, the morbidity in most of these countries is now rather low and very large populations would have to be studied to give any chance of seeing sufficient paralytic poliomyelitis to provide an assessment. Thirdly, because there is the possibility of the vaccine virus spreading from individuals who had been given vaccine to their contacts the group given inactivated vaccine might include an unknown propor tion of infected persons ; as a consequence the polio myelitis experience of the groups as allocated might not provide a true measure of the difference in performance of the prophylactics given to them. Also, because of the risk of spread to contacts and the possibility of increase in virulence of the vaccine virus on repeated human passage, live virus vaccine has often been fed so far as possible to whole populations simultaneously and the deliberate withholding of live vaccine from part of the population, as required in a controlled trial, has been specifically avoided. As an alternative to the controlled trial as a method of assessment, reliance has been placed either on the comparison between areas in which attenuated virus vaccines have or have not been used, or on the trend of morbidity before and after the use of such vaccines. The past experience of this disease has, however, been so unpredictable in both time and place that such comparisons cannot immediately indicate whether a specific prophylactic is responsible for any change in pattern. Repeated demonstrations of the association of vaccination with reduced morbidity would carry more conviction, but such evidence would not provide a quantitative assessment of protective effect ; there would be no possibility, as existed, for example, in the Medical Research Council's trials of whooping-cough vaccines (Medical Research Council, 1956), of measuring the relative performance in the field of different vaccines, or of relating such potency to the results of laboratory tests. In this respect the ability to produce antibodies may not be a valid method of comparing inactivated and attenuated vaccines because the former do not aim to produce alimentary immunity.
Genome-wide Analyses of Transcription Factor GATA3-Mediated Gene Regulation in Distinct T Cell Types
Authors: Gang Wei, Brian J. Abraham, Ryoji Yagi, Raja Jothi, Kairong Cui, Suveena Sharma, Leelavati Narlikar, Daniel L. Northrup, Qingsong Tang, William E. Paul, Jinfang Zhu, Keji Zhao
Journal: Immunity (2011)
A SEROLOGIC RECAPITULATION OF PAST EXPERIENCES WITH INFLUENZA A; ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO MONOVALENT VACCINE
Authors: Fred M. Davenport, Albert V. Hennessy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

The results of the present study provide a striking demonstration of antibody orientation produced by the dominant antigens of the strains of influenza virus encountered at childhood. The homologous and heterologous antibody response to monovalent vaccines containing swine, PR8, FM1, or Cuppett viruses show that the antibody-forming mechanisms of children born after 1943 are oriented to strains of influenza A-prime; of recruits to strains of influenza A; and of persons over 30 years of age to a strain of swine influenza. It was shown that antibody response to heterotypic viruses appears to provide a serologic index of the amount of experience each of the segments of the general population studied have had with antigenic variants of influenza virus. Finally it was demonstrated that the antibody response of humans to strains of influenza A or influenza A-prime is remarkably uniform for isolates of each antigenic type.
BIONJ: an improved version of the NJ algorithm based on a simple model of sequence data
Authors: O. Gascuel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

We propose an improved version of the neighbor-joining (NJ) algorithm of Saitou and Nei. This new algorithm, BIONJ, follows the same agglomerative scheme as NJ, which consists of iteratively picking a pair of taxa, creating a new mode which represents the cluster of these taxa, and reducing the distance matrix by replacing both taxa by this node. Moreover, BIONJ uses a simple first-order model of the variances and covariances of evolutionary distance estimates. This model is well adapted when these estimates are obtained from aligned sequences. At each step it permits the selection, from the class of admissible reductions, of the reduction which minimizes the variance of the new distance matrix. In this way, we obtain better estimates to choose the pair of taxa to be agglomerated during the next steps. Moreover, in comparison with NJ's estimates, these estimates become better and better as the algorithm proceeds. BIONJ retains the good properties of NJ--especially its low run time. Computer simulations have been performed with 12-taxon model trees to determine BIONJ's efficiency. When the substitution rates are low (maximum pairwise divergence approximately 0.1 substitutions per site) or when they are constant among lineages, BIONJ is only slightly better than NJ. When the substitution rates are higher and vary among lineages,BIONJ clearly has better topological accuracy. In the latter case, for the model trees and the conditions of evolution tested, the topological error reduction is on the average around 20%. With highly-varying-rate trees and with high substitution rates (maximum pairwise divergence approximately 1.0 substitutions per site), the error reduction may even rise above 50%, while the probability of finding the correct tree may be augmented by as much as 15%.
Detection of Luminal-Intimal Border and Coronary Wall Enhancement in Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging After Injection of Microbubbles and Simultaneous Sonication With Transthoracic Echocardiography
Authors: Manolis Vavuranakis, Ioannis A. Kakadiaris, Sean M. O’Malley, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Sophia Vaina, Maria Drakopoulou, Ioannis Mitropoulos, Stephane Carlier, Morteza Naghavi
Journal: Circulation (2005)