tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thomas Bevill Peacock and the early history of dissecting aneurysm.
Authors: J C Leonard
Journal: BMJ (1979)

On 25 October 1760 George II, then 76, rose at his normal hour of 6 am, called as usual for his chocolate, and repaired to the close-stool. The German valet de chambre heard a noise, memorably described as louder than the royal wind,1 and then a groan; he ran in and found the King lying on the floor, having cut his face in falling. Mr Andrews, surgeon to the household, was called and bled His Majesty but in vain, as no sign of life was observed from the time of his fall. At necropsy2 the next day Dr Nicholls, physician to his late Majesty, found the pericardium distended with a pint of coagulated blood, probably from an orifice in the right ventricle, and a transverse fissure on the inner side of the ascending aorta 3-75 cm long, through which blood had recently passed in its external coat to form a raised ecchymosis, this appearance being interpreted as an incipient aneurysm of the aorta.
Abnormal Images of Right Heart Disorders
Authors: J A BIANCO, R B SHAFER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Increasing attention is being given to radioisotopic studies of the right heart. Measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction has become more common. We present examples of cardiac images which were obtained during the scintigraphic assessment of right sided cardiac disorders. Images of the first pass, of the gated cardiac study, and of the nongated cardiac blood pools offer complementary information to the overall radionuclide evaluation of right heart disease.
Relationship of Polyps to Cancer of the Large Intestine
Authors: B. D. Simons, A. S. Morrison, R. Lev, W. Verhoek-Oftedahl
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Pathologic and epidemio-logic evidence indicates that patients with sporadic (nonfamilial) adenoma-tous polyps of the large intestine are at high risk of developing colorectal cancer. Our primary goal in this study was to evaluate the colorectal cancer mortality rate among persons who have had a histologically confirmed benign colorectal polyp. We used the retrospective follow-up method to evaluate the risk of death from colorectal cancer in 2872 Rhode Island men and women who were 24 through 79 years of age at the time of surgery for benign polyps in the years 1959 through 1975. Among 2872 subjects, the mortality from colorectal cancer, standardized for age, sex, and calendar time, was estimated as 1.74 (95% confidence interval = 1.44−2.09) times the rate in the general population of Rhode Island residents. Colorectal cancer mortality was higher in the first 5 years of follow-up than it was later. There was little relationship between the numbers of polyps and colorectal cancer mortality, and there was only a modest association between the size of polyps and mortality. Colorectal cancer mortality was more than twice as high in subjects whose polyps were proximal to the sigmoid compared with those with sigmoid or rectal polyps. The observed elevation of risk of colorectal cancer was almost entirely confined to subjects who had an adenomatous polyp. The risk increased strongly with the percentage of villous features in the polyp and was about twice as high in subjects with villous adenoma than in those with other adenomatous polyps. Our results support the suspected relationship between colorectal polyps and cancer incidence and extend the association to colorectal cancer mortality. These data suggest that the orthotopic injection of human prostate cancer cells into the nude mouse may provide a valuable model to study the biology and therapy of human prostate cancer.
Interference of Mobile Phones and Digitally Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications Mobile Phones in Renal Scintigraphy
Authors: Armin Stegmayr, Benjamin Fessl, Richard Hörtnagl, Michael Marcadella, Susanne Perkhofer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The aim of the study was to assess the potential negative impact of cellular phones and digitally enhanced cordless telecommunication (DECT) devices on the quality of static and dynamic scintigraphy to avoid repeated testing in infant and teenage patients to protect them from unnecessary radiation exposure.The assessment was conducted by performing phantom measurements under real conditions. A functional renal-phantom acting as a pair of kidneys in dynamic scans was created. Data were collected using the setup of cellular phones and DECT phones placed in different positions in relation to a camera head to test the potential interference of cellular phones and DECT phones with the cameras.Cellular phones reproducibly interfered with the oldest type of gamma camera, which, because of its single-head specification, is the device most often used for renal examinations. Curves indicating the renal function were considerably disrupted; cellular phones as well as DECT phones showed a disturbance concerning static acquisition.Variable electromagnetic tolerance in different types of γ-cameras could be identified. Moreover, a straightforward, low-cost method of testing the susceptibility of equipment to interference caused by cellular phones and DECT phones was generated. Even though some departments use newer models of γ-cameras, which are less susceptible to electromagnetic interference, we recommend testing examination rooms to avoid any interference caused by cellular phones. The potential electromagnetic interference should be taken into account when the purchase of new sensitive medical equipment is being considered, not least because the technology of mobile communication is developing fast, which also means that different standards of wave bands will be issued in the future.
Chronic kidney disease, hypovitaminosis D, and mortality in the United States
Authors: Rajnish Mehrotra, Dulcie A. Kermah, Isidro B. Salusky, Myles S. Wolf, Ravi I. Thadhani, Yi-Wen Chiu, David Martins, Sharon G. Adler, Keith C. Norris
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
FORCED SPINAL DRAINAGE"
Authors: Lawrence S. Kubie
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  I should like to express a word of appreciation of the careful and fair editorial in your issue of September 26 on Forced Spinal Drainage in Acute Poliomyelitis. The point which is made in the last paragraph is of particular significance since it is necessary to exercise caution in applying the results of the treatment of an intracellular virus to processes dependent on extracellular infectious agents.  At the same time I should also like to point out that the fundamental physicochemical aspects of the Retan technic are diametrically opposed to forced spinal drainage. The intravenous injection of hypotonic saline solution without concomitant free drainage of cerebrospinal fluid produces a generalized edema of the central nervous system. This is not lessened by giving the intravenous injections at intervals. The susceptibility of an edematous central nervous system to infection is no indication of the susceptibility of that same nervous
RELATION BETWEEN HYPERINSULINEMIA AND TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-CULPRIT PLAQUE IN NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Takayuki Mitsuhashi, Kiyoshi Hibi, Masami Kosuge, Sakano Tomokazu, Naohiro Komura, Ikuyoshi Kusama, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Mitsuaki Endo, Noriyuki Iwahashi, Jun Okuda, Kengo Tsukahara, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Human Infection with Actinomyces Caprae
Authors: A. G. Gibson, R. H. Rose-Innes, J. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1938)

GONOCOCCAL ANTITOXIN" IN GONORRHOEA TMED 3RIAisH (h) The results obtained in these series were most unsatisfactory and were at complete variance with those reported in the preliminary account of the use of this preparation.Conclusions 1.The serum described as " gonococcal antitoxin" appears to .haveno specific anti-gonococcal effect.2. It appears to delay the development of the active immunity essential to recovery from gonorrhoea without substituting any compensatory passive immunity.3. Its use in gonorrhoea is inadvisable on account of its lack of therapeutic value, its serious side-effects, its frequent interference with recovery, and possibly also the risk of its rendering patients liable to suffer from serious allergic reactions in the event of their requiring at some future date treatment with antitoxic sera for other bacterial infections.[In a communication published after this paper was written Anwyl-Davies (St.Thomiias's Hospital Reports, 1937, 2, 67) states that since his first report appeared many additional patients have been treated with an im--proved unconcentrated antitoxin.The precise number of patients is not stated, but the results claimed are: " excellent " and " good " together, 78 per cent.; " fair," 18 per cent.; "bad," 4 per cent.; with no clinical relapses to date.
Adrenocortical Function in Carcinoma of the Lung with and without Cushing's Syndrome.
Authors: L. J. Marks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Adrenocortical Function in Carcinoma of the Lung with and without Cushing's Syndrome.L. J. Marks, M.D. (Assoc.)L. J. Marks, M.D. (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-677_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAdrenocortical function was studied in 44 patients with carcinoma of the lung by measuring their plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Although Cushing's syndrome was not present in any of these subjects, 36% demonstrated an exaggerated plasma corticosteroid response to ACTH. The results of the adrenal function studies could be correlated better with the severity of the patient's clinical illness than with either a specific cell type of lung cancer or the alterations in the adrenals observed at autopsy. Bio-assays of the pituitary glands for ACTH were performed for seven cases who died from lung cancer, using hypophysectomized rats. The... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Mass. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTumors and Hormones 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 677-677KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneAutopsyBlood plasmaLung and intrathoracic tumorsPituitary gland Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Resistin Promotes Endothelial Cell Activation
Authors: Subodh Verma, Shu-Hong Li, Chao-Hung Wang, Paul W.M. Fedak, Ren-Ke Li, Richard D. Weisel, Donald A.G. Mickle
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Adipocyte-derived hormones may represent a mechanism linking insulin resistance to cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we evaluated the direct effects of resistin, a novel adipocyte-derived hormone, on endothelial activation.Endothelial cells (ECs) were incubated with human recombinant resistin (10 to 100 ng/ML, 24 hours), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) release, ET-1 mRNA expression, and nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed. Transient transfection assays were used to evaluate the effects of resistin on transcription of human ET-1 gene promoter. Furthermore, the effects of resistin on AP-1-mutated ET-1 promoter were evaluated. The effects of resistin on expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant chemokine (MCP-1) were studied in addition to CD40 receptor, CD40 ligand-induced MCP-1 expression, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-3 (TRAF3), an inhibitor of CD40 signaling. Incubation of ECs with resistin resulted in an increase in ET-1 release and ET-1 mRNA expression, with no change in NO production. Whereas treatment with resistin resulted in an increase in ET-1 promoter activity, the AP-1-mutated promoter was inactive after resistin stimulation. Additionally, resistin-treated cells showed increased expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1, with concomitant reductions in TRAF-3 expression. Resistin did not alter CD40 receptor expression; however, increased CD40 ligand induced MCP-1 production.The novel adipokine resistin exerts direct effects to promote EC activation by promoting ET-1 release, in part by inducing ET-1 promoter activity via the AP-1 site. Furthermore, resistin upregulates adhesion molecules and chemokines and downregulates TRAF-3, an inhibitor of CD40 ligand signaling. In this fashion, resistin may be mechanistically linked to cardiovascular disease in the metabolic syndrome.
Defective fluid transport by cystic fibrosis airway epithelia.
Authors: J J Smith, P H Karp, M J Welsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia exhibit defective transepithelial electrolyte transport: cAMP-stimulated Cl- secretion is abolished because of the loss of apical membrane cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels, and amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption is increased two- to threefold because of increased amiloride-sensitive apical Na+ permeability. These abnormalities are thought to alter respiratory tract fluid, thereby contributing to airway disease, the major source of mortality in this genetic disease. However, the underlying hypothesis, that fluid transport is abnormal in CF airway epithelia, has not been tested. Most conjecture about fluid transport is based on measurements of Na+ and Cl- transport performed under short circuit conditions in Ussing chambers. But such studies differ from in vivo conditions in that transepithelial voltage and mucosal fluid composition are held constant. Therefore, we measured fluid transport and mucosal electrolyte composition in primary cultures of CF airway epithelia without holding transepithelial voltage and ion concentration gradients at zero. In normal epithelia, cAMP agonists plus amiloride stimulated NaCl and fluid secretion. In CF epithelia, cAMP agonists failed to stimulate fluid or electrolyte secretion, changes consistent with the loss of CFTR Cl- channels. But in striking contrast to predictions based on Ussing chamber studies, CF epithelia absorbed fluid at a rate no greater than normal epithelia. Moreover, amiloride, which inhibits Na+ channels, failed to inhibit fluid absorption by CF epithelia. These results have important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of CF airway disease and for the design and evaluation of therapy.
The Hæmolytic Anæmias: Congenital and Acquired. Part I: The Congenital Anæmias
Authors: George E. Cartwright
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The first edition of Dr. Dacie's book was recognized by hematologists as the most authoritative and comprehensive treatment of the hemolytic anemias. This new edition should be most welcome for the advances in the area of hemolytic diseases since the first edition appeared in 1954 have been numerous. The second edition will be divided into two volumes. Only volume 1 is published at this time. Volume 2, when completed, will deal with acquired and secondary hemolytic anemias, drug-induced hemolytic anemias, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and hemolytic disease of the newborn.  Volume 1 is devoted to a presentation of the hereditary hemolytic anemias. The subjects discussed include general features of increased hemolysis, hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, erythropoietic porphyria, congenital Heinz-body anemia, Mediterranean anemia (thalassemia), and hereditary hemoglobinopathies.  The book is well organized and clearly written. Newer information on the fine structure of the normal and abnormal hemoglobins is
Streptomycin
Authors: Tom F. Paine, Roderick Murray, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE present knowledge of the clinical usefulness of streptomycin is largely the result of a coordinated effort by the streptomycin producers with the medical departments of several governmental agencies, including the Army, Navy, Public Health Service and Veterans Administration, as well as many physicians throughout the country. Under the guidance of the Committee on Chemotherapeutics and Other Agents of the National Research Council and with funds contributed by several pharmaceutical and chemical companies, limited amounts of streptomycin were apportioned to civilian physicians for the purpose of investigating its effectiveness in a wide variety of conditions. Much valuable information was thus . . .
The Tajimi Study Report 2
Authors: Tetsuya Yamamoto, Aiko Iwase, Makoto Araie, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Haruki Abe, Shiroaki Shirato, Yasuaki Kuwayama, Hiromu K. Mishima, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Goji Tomita, Yoichi Inoue, Yoshiaki Kitazawa
Journal: Ophthalmology (2005)
Long term acid suppressing treatment in general practice
Authors: S. D Ryder, S. O'Reilly, R. J Miller, J. Ross, M. R Jacyna, A J. Levi
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the current practice in selected general practices for prescribing long term (&gt;6 months) treatment to suppress gastric acid secretion. <b>Setting</b>: Seven general practices in the Harrow area that always or usually refer to Northwick Park Hospital. Subjects--60 148 patients on lists of the general practices. <b>Design</b>: Identification of patients receiving long term treatment through repeat prescribing data, followed by a manual and computer survey of patients9 notes for indications and investigations. Patient compliance and views on treatment were sought by a postal questionnaire. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Indications for treatment, treatment given, investigations undertaken before and during treatment. <b>Results</b>: 492 patients (0.82% of the population) were taking long term acid suppressing treatment. The most common diagnosis was duodenal ulcer disease (183 (37%) of all patients); oesophageal disease (118 (24%)) was also common. 93 patients (19%) were treated for abdominal pain where no diagnosis had been reached or who had only a diagnosis of gastritis on endoscopy. Ranitidine was prescribed in 394 (80%) patients. 298 (74%) patients found treatment helpful, but 108 (27%) had a poor understanding of their diagnosis. 317 patients (78%) took their drug as prescribed. 37 patients were also taking prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and an additional 43 patients took regular aspirin or ibuprofen without prescription. <b>Conclusions</b>: Long term acid suppressing treatment is common, and a substantial number of patients are taking these drugs long term without a diagnosis having been reached. It is hoped that protocols for investigation and treatment will improve these figures. Patients need to be better informed about their disease and the possible adverse effects of taking non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in acid related upper gastrointestinal disease.
Suicide prevention and mental illness
Authors: R. Braithwaite
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Is Kamerow as guilty of lacking specificity and focus as the US surgeon general he criticises?1 “Psychiatric disorders” may be present in around 90% of people who kill themselves, but what does this actually mean?

Meta-analysis of North American autopsies of patients with psychiatric disorders shows that substance misuse, present in 40%, predominates.2 However, this includes “harmful use” …
Inflammatory disseminated superflcial porokeratosis followed hy regression
Authors: M. Tanaka, T. Terui, K. Kudo, H. Tagami
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Inflammatory disseminated superflcial porokeratosis followed hy regression Get access M. Tanaka, M. Tanaka Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Schoo] of Medicine, 1‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai 980m, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Terui, T. Terui Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Schoo] of Medicine, 1‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai 980m, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Kudo, K. Kudo Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Schoo] of Medicine, 1‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai 980m, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Tagami H. Tagami Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Schoo] of Medicine, 1‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai 980m, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 1, 1 January 1995, Pages 153–155, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08646.x Published: 01 January 1995
Fight Against Tobacco Addiction Moving Into International Arena
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE TOBACCO LEAF carved into the speaker's rostrum of the US House of Representatives the cash crop that financed the American Revolution—symbolizes a product to which the federal government has paid homage for more than 200 years, says Rep Chester G. Atkins (D, Mass). At the recent World Conference on Lung Health, Atkins and a host of other speakers called for an end to such adulation. "Tobacco money explains the reluctance of Congress to tolerate any regulation of tobacco," adds C. Everett Koop, MD, former surgeon general of the US Public Health Service. It also accounts, says Atkins, for the moral climate that recently allowed the US international trade representative, Carla Hills, to decide "for the fourth time in four years... that cigarettes are a harmless commodity." However, this is an attitude that must be abandoned in view of the health threat posed by the golden leaf, Atkins says, insisting:
Foetal Cells in the Maternal Circulation During Pregnancy
Authors: W. Weiner, R. M. Child, J. M. Garvie, W. H. Peek
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The career paths of 544 UK medical school graduates were followed for 10 years. Although general practice was not attractive to graduates initially, it became popular in subsequent years, mainly because it was seen as offering a superior quality of life. Once in general practice both men and women chose to work reduced hours and/or in non-principal posts. The findings suggest the need to look more closely at the nature of these trends and the implications for patient care and service provision.
Prescription patterns of diuretics in chronic heart failure: Data from the Italian Network on Congestive Heart Failure (IN‐CHF) database
Authors: P. Faggiano, D. Domenichini, A. Giusti, F. Naccarella, A. Gualeni, G. Orsini, S. Salis, A. Vincenzi, A.P. Maggioni
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)