tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrial excitability and conduction during rapid atrial pacing.
Authors: V J Plumb, R B Karp, T N James, A L Waldo
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Using temporary atrial wire electrodes placed at selected atrial sites, rapid atrial pacing at rates of up to 368 beats/min was used to study atrial excitability and conduction in seven patients who underwent open heart surgery. The threshold for atrial pacing was found to be an exponential function of pacing rate (r = 0.55, p less than 0.01), increasing threefold when the fastest pacing rates were compared with the slowest pacing rates (p less than 0.005). Atrial conduction times (measured from pacing to recording sites), prolonged during rapid atrial pacing both for studies conducted before institution of cardiopulmonary bypass (p less than 0.005) and for those done 7 days postoperatively (p less than 0.05). However, prolongation of conduction times always depended on achievement of a critically rapid pacing rate. During rapid atrial pacing, we observed a high incidence of alternans of the atrial electrogram (17 of 42 studies). Thus, human atrial excitability, conduction and electrogram morphology are not constant during pacing at rapid rates. Rather, at rapid pacing rates, there is depression of atrial excitability, prolongation of atrial conduction times and alternation in electrogram morphology. These findings have clinical relevance and theoretical implications for the understanding and treatment of rapid atrial rhythms.
Acute infectious erythemas in children: a clinico-microbiological study
Authors: H.M. GOOUYKAR, P.W. LAIDLHR, E.H. PRICE, P.A. KENNY, J.I. HARPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Acute infectious erythemas in children: a clinico‐microbiological study Get access H.M. GOOUYKAR, H.M. GOOUYKAR Departments of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.W. LAIDLHR, P.W. LAIDLHR Departments of Virology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.H. PRICE, E.H. PRICE Departments of Microbiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.A. KENNY, P.A. KENNY Departments of Casualty, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.I. HARPER J.I. HARPER Departments of Paediatric Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London U.K. Dr J.I.Harper. Consultant in Paediatric Dermatology. Queen Elizabeth Hospitad for Children. Hackney Road, London E2 8PS. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 5, 1 May 1991, Pages 433–438, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00621.x Published: 01 May 1991
A/H1N1 and other viruses affecting cystic fibrosis
Authors: P. Whitaker, C. Etherington, M. Denton, S. Conway, D. Peckham
Journal: BMJ (2009)

For over 12 months all patients attending our regional cystic fibrosis unit have had throat swabs analysed routinely for viruses with the polymerase chain reaction before starting intravenous antibiotics. We assessed the prevalence of A/H1N1 flu virus1 in acute severe exacerbations …
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Radionuclide Ventriculography in the Noninvasive Diagnosis and Evaluation of a False Left Ventricular Aneurysm (Pseudoaneurysm)
Authors: Paul J. Bohdiewicz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

An inferior wall false aneurysm (pseudoaneurysm) was diagnosed in a 77-year-old male by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radionuclide ventriculography (RNV). This immediately followed routine planar RNV because the latter did not lead to definitive characterization of the type of aneurysm and did not ideally characterize the location and size of the aneurysm. RNV was followed by false-negative first-pass radionuclide ventriculography, routine echocardiography, and gated magnetic resonance imaging of the heart (cardiac MRI). A definitive diagnosis of a false aneurysm is found at surgery and pathology; however, the patient declined surgery and has done well for 1.5 years after these imaging studies. The first-pass study is limited with relatively small pseudoaneurysms, like in this case. Echocardiography is noninvasive and can show wall motion and aneurysm size. Cardiac MRI is the most expensive noninvasive study but, in addition to revealing the diameters of the neck and body of the aneurysm, MRI is able to characterize the surrounding myocardium. This case report suggests the critical information needed for a confident, noninvasive diagnosis of false aneurysm can be obtained with SPECT RNV. The location of the aneurysm is easily determined, and the relative diameters of the neck to the body of the aneurysm can be easily seen. SPECT RNV is superior to planar RNV and first-pass radionuclide ventriculography in making a diagnosis of false aneurysm. Although RNV might be unable to directly demonstrate the perfusion and thickness of the myocardium, it has an advantage over MRI in terms of ejection fraction (EF) and cost.
Pyoderma gangrenosum in myclodysplasia responding to granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
Authors: S. Bulvik, P. Jacobs
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Pyoderma gangrenosum in myclodysplasia responding to granulocyte macrophage–colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) Get access S. Bulvik, S. Bulvik Lauiado Hospital, Kiryat Zanz, Netanya, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Jacobs P. Jacobs The Department of Haematology, Wynberg Hospital, P.O. Box 181171, Wynberg 7824, Cape Town, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 4, 1 April 1997, Pages 637–638, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb02169.x Published: 01 April 1997
Abstract A25: Uncommon mutation types of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) and tyrosine kinase inhibitor response in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Maria P. Wong, Victor H.F. Lee, Rebecca M.W. Yeung, Vicky P.C. Tin, Kit Chi Choy, Jing Liu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR are frequent in non-small cell lung cancer especially adenocarcinomas from nonsmokers. Some of the mutations such as exon 19 hotspot deletions and exon 21 L858R are known to activate EGFR downstream signaling, as well as sensitize the tumors to small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) treatment. The effects of other, less common mutations are not always predictable from the sequence alterations. The purpose of this study was to study the EGFR mutation profile and correlation with tumor response to first line TKI treatment. EGFR mutations were examined in 77 NSCLC from 62 (80.5%) female (58 nonsmokers, 4 chronic smokers) and 15 (19.5%) male patients (6 chronic smokers, 9 nonsmokers) with late-stage metastatic lung carcinoma given first line gefitinib treatment. Genomic DNA was extracted from microdissected tumor cells from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of previous lobectomy, small biopsies, or cytology cell block specimens, including pleural effusion and fine needle aspirations. EGFR exons 18, 19, 20, and 21 were analyzed by bidirectional automated direct sequencing. The results showed EGFR mutations were present in 61 of 77 (79.2 %) tumors comprising 53 (86.9 %) never smokers and 8 (13.1%) chronic smokers. Fifty-eight of 61 mutant tumors had single mutations and the remaining 3 cases showed double mutations. Exon 21 L858R single amino acid substitution was present in 27 (44.1%) cases and exon 19 deletions were observed in 25 (41.0%) cases. Fifty of 77 patients showed initial response to gefitinib and 27 showed primary resistance. All initial responders acquired secondary resistance after various treatment durations. As expected, wild-type tumors showed primary TKI resistance. TKI response was significantly associated with EGFR mutant tumors (p=0.010). L858R, L861Q, and exon19 in-frame deletions were observed in totally 53/61 tumors. 42/53 of them showed initial response to gefitinib but only 2/8 harboring other types of EGFR mutations responded (p&amp;lt;0.001). The EGFR mutant tumors associated with primary TKI resistance included L861R, R831H, double substitutions G719A/E709A, S768I/V774M, exon 18 deletion, exon 20 insertion, and uncommon exon 19 deletions including L747_K754delinsADKG, and L747_S752delinsQH. One patient with concurrent PIK3CA exon 9 G1633A substitution also experienced primary resistance despite the presence of a known activating L858R mutation. In summary, this study has identified novel EGFR mutations associated with primary TKI resistance. While most of the uncommon mutants do not respond to first-line TKI therapy, exon 19 deletions of uncommon types might also be associated with primary TKI resistance.
Value of Biopsy in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Sidney L. Saltzstein
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I must take exception to the ideas expressed by Kurtz (<b>214</b>:1888,1970) regarding the place of biopsy in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. He apparently feels that because it is difficult to make a tissue diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease ( and others) the attempt should not be made. If one were to follow his line of reasoning to its logical conclusion, no physician should ever undertake any difficult decision. Surgical pathology, like all fields of medicine, can present difficult problems for which the correct solution may be very difficult to obtain. A tissue diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease can be exceedingly hard to establish, but, as with other malignant diseases, the diagnosis ultimately rests on tissue examination. Whatever error is inherent in pathology and pathologists is, as witnessed by the almost uniform acceptance of the preceding concept, less than with any other technique of establishing a diagnosis of a
IRON-OVERLOAD-ASSOCIATED MYOPATHY IN PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HÆMODIALYSIS: A HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-LINKED DISORDER
Authors: Harold Bregman, JamesF. Winchester, JamesH. Knepshield, MichaelC. Gelfand, HerbertJ. Manz, GeorgeE. Schreiner
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
Primary and secondary amenorrhoea.
Authors: S Franks
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Amenorrhoea, which is usually defined as no periods for six months or more, occurs in 10-20% of patients complaining of infertility and is one of the commonest reasons for referral to a gynaecological endocrine clinic. It usually implies an endocrine abnormality of ovarian function. In many women a preliminary diagnosis may be made from clinical evaluation at the initial visit to the clinic, and in almost all cases the diagnosis can be established as a result of simple endocrine tests.12 Although often straightforward, investigation and management of patients with amenorrhoea are best performed in gynaecological endocrine clinics with direct access to an endo? crine laboratory and facilities to select, initiate, and monitor programmes for induction of ovulation.
Lithium May Decrease Suicide Risk
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Researchers in England from the University of York in York and the MRC Biostatistics Unit and Addenbrookes Hospital, both in Cambridge, conducted the other. The Oregon team concluded that for spinal fusion, “rhBMP-2 has no proven clinical advantage over bone graft and may be associated with important harms, making it difficult to identify clear indications for rhBMP-2” (Fu R et al. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 158[12]:890-902). The team in England reached a similar conclusion, saying that at 24 months, although rhBMP-2 increased fusion rates, it also increased early postsurgical pain, while long-term pain reduction was clinically insignif icant when com-pared with iliac crest bone graft (Simmonds MC et al. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 158[12]:877-889). “We think that although we had different approaches, we did come up with similar findings [as the Oregon team],” said lead author Mark C. Simmonds, PhD, MA, of York University. “Looking at the same data, it’s reassuring we can get consensus.” Clinically, Simmonds could not recommendusing rhBMP-2.However,RogerChou, MD, of Oregon Health & Science University, coauthor of the Oregon study, suggested it might help patients at high risk for nonunionof the spine through traditionalmethods. “While theymaybenefit, theproblem is theyweren’tevaluated inmostof thesestudies, so we don’t have much data on them,” Chou said. He added that conclusive data may never be produced, as there are currently no clinical trials underway to test this population. The Oregon team also noted that earlier release of all relevant data would have better-informedcliniciansandpatientsmaking medical decisions. “The lack of access to all the data is an issue that is increasingly being recognized,” said Chou. “For people to really know and understand, and to get at the truth of the effectiveness and harms of medical therapies, we do need better access to these kinds of data.”
Treatment for teenagers with epilepsy
Authors: M. Espir, A. Richens
Journal: BMJ (1985)

ing retinopathy after the institution of diabetic control is concerned, we have only one lead: longstanding uncontrolled diabetes with' or without:3 pre-existent retinopathy is probably a risk factor.Whether "platelet activation" is a marker for the development of microangiopathv will be revealed by future prospective studies on similar patients.It is worth mentioning that hypoglycaemia "activates" platelets in normal7 and diabetic subjects.3Other coagulation factors like factor VIII may also increase during hypoglycaemia.9 1' Whether a reduction of blood glucose concentrations to normal levels after a spell of uncontrolled diabetes has a similar effect on platelet function and coagulation factors has yet to be shown.
Relationship of the Natural Body Damping and Body Frequency to the Ballistocardiogram
Authors: OSCAR TANNENBAUM, HARRY VESELL, JEROME A. SCHACK
Journal: Circulation (1956)

By means of a direct body ballistocardiograph the relationship of body frequency and damping to the ballistocardiogram in normal subjects was investigated. The influence of age and body measurements were studied and the findings subjected to statistical analysis. The degree of body damping was related to age but not to anthropometric measurements. Overweight and underweight influenced body frequency but not body damping. Respiratory changes had no influence on either body frequency or damping. It was suggested that to record a true ballistocardiogram of the cardiovascular forces more consideration must be given to body damping.
Side effects of antibodies in mountain climbers.
Authors: A Pines
Journal: BMJ (1978)

the limits of their own recognised competence in both diagnosis and treatment, but I think that Dr Waxman's use of the term "lay" is ambiguous.While "lay" originally meant "non-clerical," it is now sometimes understood to mean "non-medical," and hence his reference to "lay therapists'' in the first paragraph of his letter is perhaps misleading.The fact that his own society is helping to give training in hypnosis to professionals who are neither medically nor dentally qualified should make clear the recognised status of hypnosis in therapy today.
A Constant Ratio Air-Oxygen Mixer
Authors: Philip A. Drinker
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A new device has been developed which delivers regulated oxygen mixtures for use in respiratory therapy. The device is simple and compact for use at the bedside, and is compatible with all respirators and other gas delivery techniques. A single manual control allows selection of 100% oxygen or either of two intermediate mixture ratios. These mixtures are constant with changing ventilatory rates, and the system requires no monitoring or metering of the input gases.
Subcellular distribution of glucocorticoid receptor in cultured rat and human liver-derived cells and cell lines: Influence of dexamethasone
Authors: D Raddatz
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) distribution in isolated rat hepatocytes and nonparenchymal hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, and liver fibroblasts with and without dexamethasone treatment was investigated by immunostaining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, human liver fibroblasts, Hep3B and HepG2 cells were investigated. Subcellular distribution of GR immunostaining was assessed semiquantitatively by digital image analysis. Short-term incubation of rat liver cells with dexamethasone resulted in an increase of nuclear staining. The same was true for human liver fibroblasts. In contrast, predominant nuclear staining could be observed in untreated as well as in dexamethasone-treated Hep3B and HepG2 cells. By means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, it could be shown that messenger RNA of both known human GR isoforms, hGR α and nonhormone-binding hGR β, are present in human cells. Furthermore, dexamethasone binding indicates that hGR α protein is expressed in all human cells investigated. The data of this study show that GR is present in all cells investigated. Rat liver cells and human liver fibroblasts contain a translocating GR, suggesting that glucocorticoid action is receptor mediated in these cells. Nuclear localization of unliganded GR in Hep3B and HepG2 indicates that factors other than glucocorticoids may direct subcellular GR distribution.
Some patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation should carry flecainide or propafenone to self treat
Authors: A John Camm, Irina Savelieva
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Atrial fibrillation affects up to 1.5% of the population in the United Kingdom,1 about 200 000 of whom have recurrent episodes. Although such episodes often resolve spontaneously and within 48 hours,2 patients may be distressed by symptoms of palpitations, dizziness, fatigue, or chest pain. Such attacks generally respond to antiarrhythmic agents (such as a single intravenous dose of propafenone or flecainide),3 which are usually administered under monitoring in hospital. Here we propose that patients could self treat with oral propafenone or flecainide, using a "pill in the pocket" approach (thereby not needing to go to hospital), as suggested in recent national (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) and international guidelines.4 5 For details of our methods, please see the box on bmj.com. #### KEY POINTS #### Methods Our proposal is based on:
Multiple Sclerosis and Hysteria
Authors: Arthur Ecker
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  To the excellent article by Caplan and Nadelson, may I add the following? (1) conversion hysteria may usefully be seen as a form of auto-suggestion or self-hypnosis, (2) the serenity, la belle indifference , of the patient may indicate not only denial of anxiety, but also gratification from the apparent solution of a hidden personal-social problem; and (3) similar behavior may occur in many other disorders, for example with head injuries (1969;210:906).
901-4 Genetic Predisposition to Neurohumoral Activation Following Myocardial Infarction: Effects of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphism
Authors: Wiek H. van Gilst, Yigal M. Pinto, J. Herre Kingma, Heribert Schunkert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Medical Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Charles Kent Smith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The current paradigm of biopsychosocial theory gives considerably more weight to medical factors than to psychological ones, and practice patterns have followed that apportioning to a substantial degree. Alexander's Holy Seven seem almost as distant from our recent views as Hippocrates' humoral theory. This shift in perspective sits squarely on a mountain of experience accumulated by family physicians, internists, psychiatrists, geneticists, and biochemists. Much of the shape of this evolution has been chronicled by a spate of books published by the American Psychiatric Press.<i>Medical Psychiatric Practice</i>, volume I, begins a new series that showcases the recent advances in medical psychiatry. The topicality of this work is illustrated by major review papers on neuroimaging technologies, psychopharmacology in the medically ill, frontal lobe syndromes, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, human immunodeficiency virus infections, and nicotine dependence. This volume is quite a bit improved over the authors' 1987 work<i>Principles of Medical Psychiatry</i>, which
Hemolytic Reaction after Novobiocin Therapy
Authors: John R. Montgomery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

A SIX-year-old girl was seen at the United States Army Hospital, Fort Rucker, Alabama, with a chief complaint of mild jaundice and dark urine present for one day. The child had previously been seen by a civilian physician, five days before admission, because of sore throat and fever, with a maximum temperature of 105°F. At that time she had been thought to have pharyngitis, and novobiocin, 30 mg. per kilogram of body weight per day, was started by mouth. The fever subsided and the patient improved. However, on the day of admission she was noted to be mildly jaundiced and . . .
Management of chronic pain: seek symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: A. O. Frank
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Reid and colleagues’ review of the management of chronic pain in older adults is welcome, particularly its concentration on practical matters.1 Much is relevant to the management of chronic pain irrespective of age.

They did not, however, mention post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is known to influence chronic pain.2 When this condition is “active,” its sympathetic overdrive …
Correlation of Arteriographic and Pathologic Findings in the Coronary Arteries in Man
Authors: C. R. GRAY, H. A. HOFFMAN, W. S. HAMMOND, K. L. MILLER, R. O. OSEASOHN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The accuracy or clinical coronary arteriography was studied by comparing pathologic and radiologic findings in 130 major coronary arterial segments obtained from 13 individuals at autopsy. Abnormal roentgenographic findings were verified by pathologic examination; however, half of the segments that appeared normal or minimally involved radiologically demonstrated more severe changes at autopsy.
CONCERNING THE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY OF CERTAIN TYPES OF UVEITIS.
Authors: G. E. DE SCHWEINITZ
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In ophthalmic practice three disease manifestations are encountered to which the name "keratitis punctata" has been applied. Two of these are affections of the cornea, the third is not; that is to say, the primary lesion is not corneal. They are as follows: (a)<i>keratitis superficialis punctata</i>, in which, in general terms, numerous small punctiform or linear spots appear below Bowman's membrane, the overlying cornea being slightly hazy and the epithelium a little elevated; (b)<i>keratitis punctata vera</i>or<i>syphilitica</i>of Mauthner, in which circumscribed pinhead-sized, grayish spots appear in the parenchyma of the cornea, and, moreover, in its various layers; the iris is not involved. Constitutional syphilis is the etiologic factor. To distinguish it from the preceding manifestations Fuchs suggests the name "keratitis punctata profunda." (c)<i>Keratitis punctata</i>, in which a notable manifestation consists of a precipitate of opaque dots on the posterior elastic lamina of the cornea, generally