tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Xerostomia in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Leo M Sreebny, Albert Yu, Andrew Green, Anthony Valdini
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To determine the prevalence of xerostomia in a group of ambulatory diabetic patients and to compare the following in patients with and without xerostomia: 1) flow rates of saliva and lacrimal fluid, 2) the presence of other symptoms suggestive of oral and extraoral dryness, 3) indexes of glycemic control, and 4) noninvasive measures of cardiovagal autonomic nervous system function. Research Design and Methods Forty adult diabetic patients and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy nondiabetic control subjects were studied. Subjects who consumed xerogenic drugs or had other significant diseases were excluded from the study. A questionnaire was administered to all patients, and the following tests were performed: resting and stimulated flow rates on whole saliva; Schirmer's test (lacrimal fluid), serum glucose and HbA1, expiration-inspiration ratio, 30:15 ratio, Valsalva ratio, and the systolic blood pressure response to standing. Results Forty-three percent of diabetic patients complained of xerostomia, of which 82% were women. The oral dryness was not related to age or the type and duration of diabetes. Symptoms of water loss and oropharyngeal, ocular, and vaginal dryness were much more common in the xerostomic than the nonxerostomic diabetic patients. The salivary flow rates of the diabetic subjects was consistently lower than those of healthy, nondiabetic control subjects. The mean, resting, and whole-saliva flow rate was abnormally low in the diabetic patients who complained of xerostomia; no significant differences were observed for the stimulated salivary and the lacrimal flow rates. Significant inverse relationships were shown between salivary flow and the level of HbA1; none were shown between flow and autonomic function. Conclusions Dry mouth is a common complaint among ambulatory diabetic patients. It is strongly associated with objective measurements of poor salivary flow and with other oral and extraoral symptoms of desiccation. The oral dryness is not associated with cardiovagal autonomic system dysfunction but may be due to disturbances in glycemic control.
A 61-Year-Old Man With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Robert J. White
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I must take exception to the discussion by Dr Olanow<sup>1</sup>of the presumed clinical benefits and improvements that resulted from fetal tissue transplantation in patients with PD. Landau<sup>2</sup>has addressed this topic. The clinical improvement described in the patients who received transplants, based almost exclusively on clinical criteria, differs very little from that reported earlier with adrenal gland grafting. This technology has subsequently proven to be of no value. Olanow mentions the measured increases in "striatal fluorodopa uptake," using positron-emission tomography (PET) scanning, but, at present, it is not known whether this is indicative of dopamine production by the graft or is an irritative effect on the surrounding brain. He reinforces his belief in the success of this method by mentioning the single autopsy case<sup>3</sup>that demonstrated some cellular survival in the fetal brain graft. No neuropathologist would argue that this was evidence of "robust graft survival,"
Short chain fatty acid absorption by the human large intestine.
Authors: N I McNeil, J H Cummings, W P James
Journal: Gut (1978)

Short chain fatty acid absorption from the human rectum has been studied in 46 subjects attending an obesity clinic, using a dialysis bag technique. From a mixed electrolyte solution, acetate concentrations fell from 97.0 to 64.2 mmol/l, and sodium from 97.8 to 85.1 mmol/l with respective net absorption rates of 8.1 and 5.2 mumol/cm2/h. From a solution with mixed short chain fatty acids acetate concentration fell from 62.3 to 37.6 mmol/l, propionate from 20.2 to 11.5 mmol/l, and butyrate from 25.7 to 17.3 mmol/l with absorption rates of 5.2, 1.8, and 1.9 mumol/cm2/h. Lowering pH from 7.2 to 5.5, to test the possibility that absorption occurred by passive non-ionic diffusion, had no effect on absorption rates, although pH rose rapidly in the dialysis fluid. These results are comparable with rates of acetate absorption from the animal large intestine. The hypothesis that short chain fatty acids are not absorbed from the large gut and therefore contribute to faecal bulk by retaining water in the bowel lumen may need revision.
Some Interim Results from a Controlled Trial of Cost Sharing in Health Insurance
Authors: Joseph P. Newhouse, Willard G. Manning, Carl N. Morris, Larry L. Orr, Naihua Duan, Emmett B. Keeler, Arleen Leibowitz, Kent H. Marquis, M. Susan Marquis, Charles E. Phelps, Robert H. Brook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

A total of 7706 persons are participating in a controlled trial of alternative health-insurance policies. Interim results indicate that persons fully covered for medical services spend about 50 per cent more than do similar persons with income-related catastrophe insurance. Full coverage leads to more people using services and to more services per user. Both ambulatory services and hospital admissions increase. Once patients are admitted to the hospital, however, expenditures per admission do not differ significantly among the experimental insurance plans. In addition, hospital admissions for children do not vary by plan. The income-related cost sharing in the experimental plans affects expenditure by different income groups similarly, but adults' total expenditure varies more than children's. Sufficient data are not available on whether higher use by persons with free care reflects overuse, or whether lower use by those with income-related catastrophe coverage reflects underuse. Both may well be true.
High- to low-dose extrapolation: critical determinants involved in the dose response of carcinogenic substances.
Authors: J A Swenberg, F C Richardson, J A Boucheron, F H Deal, S A Belinsky, M Charbonneau, B G Short
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Recent investigations on mechanism of carcinogenesis have demonstrated important quantitative relationships between the induction of neoplasia, the molecular dose of promutagenic DNA adducts and their efficiency for causing base-pair mismatch, and the extent of cell proliferation in target organ. These factors are involved in the multistage process of carcinogenesis, including initiation, promotion, and progression. The molecular dose of DNA adducts can exhibit supralinear, linear, or sublinear relationships to external dose due to differences in absorption, biotransformation, and DNA repair at high versus low doses. In contrast, increased cell proliferation is a common phenomena that is associated with exposures to relatively high doses of toxic chemicals. As such, it enhances the carcinogenic response at high doses, but has little effect at low doses. Since data on cell proliferation can be obtained for any exposure scenario and molecular dosimetry studies are beginning to emerge on selected chemical carcinogens, methods are needed so that these critical factors can be utilized in extrapolation from high to low doses and across species. The use of such information may provide a scientific basis for quantitative risk assessment.
Cycling with the parathyroid
Authors: Justin Silver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Parathyroid (PT) cells divide infrequently, but they retain the latent ability to proliferate to form large, hyperfunctioning glands. Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH), which affects all PT glands, may be due to inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as the menin gene (MEN1), or activating mutations of the RET proto-oncoprotein, the product of the MEN2a gene (1). Mutations in MEN1 are also found in some isolated PT adenomas, while other PT adenomas carry a chromosomal translocation, in which the parathyroid hormone gene (PTH) promoter drives a translocated sequence encoding cyclin D1. Indeed, this cyclin, which is now known to be important for the entry of proliferating cells into G1 of the cell cycle, was discovered by Arnold’s laboratory through their genetic analysis of PT adenomas. As described in this issue of the JCI, this same group has now generated transgenic mice in which expression of cyclin D1 is targeted to the PT, resulting in HPTH (2).
Histamine Release Induced by Human Leukocyte Lysates REABSORPTION OF PREVIOUSLY RELEASED HISTAMINE AFTER EXPOSURE TO CYCLIC AMP-ACTIVE AGENTS
Authors: Michael T. Kelly, Arthur White
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The role of cyclic AMP in histamine release induced by human leukocyte lysates was investigated. Leukocytes were incubated with leukocyte lysates prepared by ultrasonic disruption, and histamine was determined fluorimetrically. Several cyclic AMP-active agents had a marked inhibitory effect on histamine release. Theophylline and isoproterenol produced 50% inhibition at concentrations of less than 10(-5) M. Prostaglandin E(1) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited release by 50% at 7 x 10(-8) M and 6 x 10(-5) M concentrations, respectively. Histamine, which has recently been shown to increase leukocyte cyclic AMP, had a pronounced inhibitory effect on lysate-induced histamine release, producing 50% inhibition at a concentration of only 2.5 x 10(-12) M.Leukocytes, incubated with leukocyte lysates, were sampled at various times and assayed for free histamine released into the incubation mixture supernates, and for bound histamine associated with the leukocyte buttons after centrifugation. Theophylline, prostaglandin E(1) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP not only blocked histamine release, but also caused a progressive decrease in free histamine when added at any time up to 30 min after initiation of the release reaction. As the free histamine decreased after addition of the inhibitors, there was a corresponding increase in the bound histamine, suggesting that previously released histamine was reabsorbed by the leukocytes after exposure to cyclic AMP-active agents. Continued incubation of leukocytes in their own histamine after completion of the release reaction also resulted in reabsorption of the previously released histamine. Previous studies have indicated that cyclic AMP inhibits leukocyte histamine release. The results of the present studies suggest that cyclic AMP modulates histamine release induced by human leukocyte lysates by stimulating reabsorption of histamine from the extracellular environment. These studies also suggest that previously released extracellular histamine may stimulate its own reabsorption by increasing the intracellular level of cyclic AMP.
Trusts must share efficiency practices to prepare for zero growth in funding, NHS head says
Authors: J. Young
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The chief executive of the NHS in England has warned that it is vital to use the next 18 months wisely to prepare for a period of zero growth.

Speaking in London last week at a conference of NHS medical directors, David Nicholson said, “This is a particularly significant time for the future of the NHS. We are at a fork in the road. Since 1948 we have had continuous growth in the NHS, but in two years, or three years at most, we will go to zero growth, and this is unprecedented.”

He said it was vital that the NHS didn’t wait until the money runs out in 18 months and then simply ask for more. He …
Pity the Poor Pig
Authors: Jane A. McAdams
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your magnificent succulent porcine cover of Sept 13 should not be allowed to pass without a grunt of mild disapproval. Although pigs and<i>Trichinella</i>are nearly synonymous in some quarters, we must remember that human trichinellosis is not the fault of the poor pig, but rather of the hasty cook. Uncured pork should always be cooked at least 20 to 30 minutes to the pound, until it is gray or white, and never, never, under any circumstances should one eat pink pork.<i>Trichinella</i>notwithstanding, however, for myself I prefer to think of pigs in terms of pork bourguignonne, the recipe for which appears in the October<i>Gourmet</i>in some "Literary Pig Penning." I have reproduced it here for those of your readers who may be weekend chefs. <h3>PORK BOURGUIGNONNE</h3> In a saucepan combine 2 1/2 cups red wine, 1 onion and 1 carrot, both sliced, 1 garlic
Suicide and euthanasia paradox
Authors: I. J. MacCormick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Ironically, the BMJ issue of 24 July reported that Tony Nicklinson is seeking assurance that someone who ends his life at his request will not be prosecuted1 but also included articles on suicide prevention.2 3 4

Nicklinson stated that he needs “help in almost every aspect of life,” has “no privacy or dignity left,” and is “fed up with life.”1 …
1099-88 Syncope after myocardial infarction: Clinical and electrophysiological prognostic factors
Authors: Beatrice Brembilla-Perrot, Christine Suty-Selton, Daniel Beurrier, Pierre Houriez, Arnaud Terrier De La Chaise, Olivier Claudon, Pierre Louis, Nicolas Sadoul, Hughes Blangy, Marius Andronache
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Protein kinase D distribution in normal human epidermis, basal cell carcinoma and psoriasis
Authors: V.L. Ristich, P.H. Bowman, M.E. Dodd, W.B. Bollag
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Protein kinase D distribution in normal human epidermis, basal cell carcinoma and psoriasis Get access V.L. Ristich, V.L. Ristich Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics (CB‐2803) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.H. Bowman, P.H. Bowman Medicine (Dermatology) and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.E. Dodd, M.E. Dodd Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics (CB‐2803) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.B. Bollag W.B. Bollag Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics (CB‐2803)Medicine (Dermatology) andCell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912‐2630, U.S.A Wendy B. Bollag. E‐mail: wbollag@mcg.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 4, 1 April 2006, Pages 586–593, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07073.x Published: 01 April 2006 Article history Accepted: 25 August 2005 Published: 01 April 2006
Sister chromatid exchange induced by anti-herpes drugs.
Authors: J J Cassiman, E De Clercq, A S Jones, R T Walker, H Van den Berghe
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The rate of sister chromatid exchange induced by several anti-herpes agents was measured to assess their potential mutagenicity. The agents--5-iodo-deoxyuridine (IDU), 5-trifluoromethyl-deoxyuridine (TFT), and [E]-5-(2-bromovinyl)-deoxyuridine (BVDU)--were incubated at various concentrations with human lymphocytes and fibroblasts, and that rate of sister chromatid exchanges was measured. In lymphocytes and fibroblasts BVDU and IDU did not induce exchange except at concentrations of 50 mg/l, while TFT increased the rate of exchange at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. The rate of sister chromatid exchange is a sensitive index of chromosomal damage, and these findings provide information on the safety of some of the antiherpes agents tested. TFT increased the rate of exchange at a concentration that coincides with its minimal antiviral concentration, but BVDU did not induce exchange at therapeutic concentrations.
Voters and Health Care in the 1998 Election
Authors: Robert J. Blendon
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunologic features of infants with milk or egg allergy enrolled in an observational study (Consortium of Food Allergy Research) of food allergy
Authors: Scott H. Sicherer, Robert A. Wood, Donald Stablein, A. Wesley Burks, Andrew H. Liu, Stacie M. Jones, David M. Fleischer, Donald Y.M. Leung, Alexander Grishin, Lloyd Mayer, Wayne Shreffler, Robert Lindblad, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Identification of a masked allergen, α‐lactalbumin, in baby‐food cereal flour guaranteed free of cow's milk protein
Authors: S. Frémont, G. Kanny, S. Bieber, J. P. Nicolas, D. A. Moneret‐Vautrin
Journal: Allergy (1996)

We report on a baby food, cereal flour P (CFP), which, although guaranteed free of cow's milk protein, caused failure to thrive and diarrhea, vomiting, and coughing fits in a 22‐month‐old child. The purpose of this study was to identify the allergen involved. The investigation used prick tests, RAST, and the RAST inhibition method. Specific IgE was elevated to 100 kU/l for cow's milk and to 15.3 kU/1 for a‐lactalbumin (2.5 kU/1 for casein, 0.7 kU/1 for β‐lactoglobulin). Antibovine IgG IgEs were associated. RAST inhibition experiments demonstrated the presence of α‐lactalbumin in “food‐quality” lactose used in this flour, at a dose of 1–5 μg/g of CFP. The daily intake of a‐lactalbumin was found to be less than 70 μg. This exquisite clinical sensitization was attributed to the intestinal hyperpermeability (IH) which favors the access of milk allergen to the blood, leading to an ever‐growing state of hypersensitivity. It could have been due to egg‐ and mustard‐associated allergies as well as to giardiasis and intestinal candidosis. This work underlines the risk of masked food allergens and the need of thoroughly informative labeling.
INFANTILE PARALYSIS IN ELDERLY PERSONS
Authors: A. L. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1924)

July 17, 1924, P. Q., a man, aged 80, of good habits and previous good health, was taken with a severe headache and some nausea, accompanied by chilliness, fever, sore throat, stiffness of the neck and upper dorsal region, difficulty in swallowing and systemic weakness. He was unable to stand. He was ailing for about three days before taking to bed. The next day, I was called to attend him and noted the following symptoms in addition to those given: The temperature was 103.5 F.; the pulse, 116, and the respiration, 30. The patient was very nervous and apprehensive; the eyes were glassy and staring; he was unable to swallow food or liquids; there was extreme rigidity of the neck and upper dorsal spine, with marked tenderness over these regions; the throat was sore, the mucous membrane being moderately congested and slightly swollen and indicative of a relaxed state of
Chlamydophilapneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory specimens of children with chronic lung diseases
Authors: N Teig
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Persistent infection with <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> and<i> Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> has been implicated in the progression or induction of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Evidence for this hypothesis has been obtained in adults either by serological methods or by direct pathogen detection using invasive procedures. <b>Methods:</b> We investigated nasal brush specimens and induced sputum from 38 children with stable chronic lung disease (asthma, n = 26; chronic bronchitis n = 12) and from 42 healthy controls for the presence of <i>M pneumoniae</i> or<i> C</i><i>pneumoniae</i> DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using nested primers. <b>Results:</b> None of the controls but 23.6% and 10.5% of the children with lung disease had positive PCR for <i>C pneumoniae</i> (p = 0.001) and <i>M pneumoniae</i> (p = 0.044) respectively. Significantly more children with non-atopic asthma than with atopic asthma were positive for <i>C pneumoniae</i> or <i>M pneumoniae</i> (4/8 <i>v</i> 1/18; p = 0.018). There were no unwanted side effects from sputum induction. No correlation was found between detection of <i>Chlamydophila</i> and severity of lung disease. Colonisation with both organisms had occurred before adulthood in a significant proportion of children with stable chronic lung diseases. <b>Conclusion:</b> Combining nasal brush specimens with induced sputum may be a useful non-invasive method for studying the role of <i>C pneumoniae</i> and<i> M pneumoniae</i> infection in children with different chronic lung diseases.
Katharina Dorothea Dalton
Authors: Sarah Holton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former gynaecologist London (b 1916; q London 1948; FRCGP), d 17 September 2004.

Kittie, as she was known, first trained and practised as a chiropodist. Her first husband was killed in action in 1942 and as a widow with one son she studied medicine. On qualifying she began work as a general practitioner in north London. Within months she began to realise that certain symptoms of her women patients came and went with their menstrual cycles—the beginning of her lifelong interest in what she later called the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). In 1957 she was invited to run the world's first PMS clinic at University College Hospital, London, which she continued for over 40 years. Predeceased by her second husband, Tom, she leaves four children and five grandchildren.
Complications From Bay Leaf Ingestion
Authors: William E. Palin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have recently encountered two patients with complications caused by the stem of a bay leaf (<i>Laurus nobilis</i>). <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> A 45-year-old woman was admitted with a two-day history of cramping abdominal pain that had localized to the lower abdomen toward the right side. The abdomen was diffusely tender with guarding throughout, most severe in the right lower quadrant and accompanied by rebound tenderness. Bowel sounds were diminished. The leukocyte count was 8,000/cu mm, with a pronounced left shift. A presumptive diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. At laparotomy, the appendix showed signs of periappendicitis but was otherwise normal. Thorough exploration disclosed Meckel's diverticulum about 75 cm from the ileocecal valve surrounded by a well-confirmed purulent collection. A green foreign body protruded through the wall of the diverticulum. Excision of the diverticulum and incidental appendectomy were accomplished without difficulty. Pathological examination of the