tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Diagnosing Inguinal Lymph Node Involvement in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ramin Sadeghi, Hassan Gholami, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Vahid Reza Dabbagh Kakhki, Simon Horenblas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Metastatic involvement of the inguinal lymph nodes is associated with decreased survival and is a strong prognostic factor in penile squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of the current systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for inguinal lymph node staging in penile squamous cell carcinoma and possible influential factors.Medline, SCOPUS, Springer, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched using the key words "(penile or penis) and PET," with no date or language limitation. The meeting abstracts were not excluded either. Statistical pooling was performed using the random-effects model.Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. One article had 2 different subgroups of patients, and each subgroup was considered as a separate study. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 80.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.5%-89.4%) and 92.4% (95% CI: 86.8%-96.2%), respectively. Pooled sensitivity was 96.4% (95% CI: 81.7%-99.9%) for cN+ and 56.5% (95% CI: 34.5%-76.8%) for cN0 patients.(18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging has relatively low sensitivity (especially in cN0 patients) for detection of inguinal lymph node involvement in penile cancer patients, which does not justify its routine use. However, patients with clinically palpable lymph nodes may benefit from (18)F-FDG PET/CT because the sensitivity in this subgroup of patients is high.
The NHS carbon reduction strategy
Authors: I. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The battle plan is written, but will the NHS go to war with its emissions?Climate change kills at least 150 000 people each year, and the suffering it causes will increase as we continue to pollute the atmosphere.1The effects of climate change on health will continue to be concentrated in the poorest parts of the world and will mainly affect children.2The NHS is responsible for 25% of England's public sector emissions-more than 18 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year.The NHS carbon reduction strategy for England, "Saving Carbon, Improving Health," was published this week; it sets out how the NHS aims to lead the way to a low carbon world.3
Sleep Apnea and Markers of Vascular Endothelial Function in a Large Community Sample of Older Adults
Authors: F. Javier Nieto, David M. Herrington, Susan Redline, Emelia J. Benjamin, John A. Robbins
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Clinical studies have suggested that sleep apnea is associated with impaired brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, a surrogate of endothelial dysfunction. We examined this question among older participants in the baseline examination of the Sleep Heart Health/Cardiovascular Health Study cohort (n = 1,037, age 68 years or older, 56% female). Indices of sleep apnea, derived from 12-channel home polysomnography, were the apnea–hypopnea index (average number of apneas/hypopneas per hour) and the hypoxemia index (percentage of time below 90% O2 saturation). Baseline arterial diameter and percentage of flow-mediated dilation were measured by ultrasound. Sleep apnea measures were associated with baseline diameter and the percentage of flow-mediated dilation, although these associations were weakened after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, particularly body mass index. However, a statistically significant linear association between the hypoxemia index and baseline diameter was observed even after adjustment for body mass index and other confounders (p < 0.01). The associations were stronger among participants who were younger than 80 years and among those who with hypertension. This study adds to the growing body of evidence linking sleep apnea with vascular dysfunction in older subjects. Whether these relationships are entirely independent of obesity is unclear. This association might be one of the mechanisms explaining the relationship between sleep apnea, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
<i>Gut</i> in 1999
Authors: MICHAEL FARTHING
Journal: Gut (1999)

Three years have elapsed since the current team took over the journal and we now feel that it is time for a change. Both Michael Arthur and Roger Chapman have expressed a desire to be released from their responsibilities as Associate Editors at the end of their three year term and reluctantly I have agreed to let them go. Michael and Roger have made outstanding contributions to the journal across the board but have particularly invigorated the liver and biliary sections. I am delighted to be able to announce that Professors Nick Wright and David Adams will be joining the editorial committee with responsibility for cancer and hepatobiliary disease, respectively. Both are leaders in their fields and I have no doubt that they will bring new insights and expertise to our fortnightly “hanging committee” meetings. The pattern of retirement and re-appointment will continue on a yearly basis such that two positions will become available each year. …
Long-term hemodynamic effects of prenalterol in patients with severe congestive heart failure.
Authors: H Lambertz, J Meyer, R Erbel
Journal: Circulation (1984)

In a controlled, randomized, double-blind study we investigated the long-term effects of the beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist prenalterol in 16 patients with severe congestive heart failure (NYHA class III or IV). Previous to and 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after continuous oral intake of 40 to 120 mg prenalterol a day, catheterization of the right heart combined with an ergometer test was carried out; M mode and two dimensional echocardiograms as well as systolic time intervals were also recorded. With prenalterol the heart rate increased within 1 week from 81 +/- 7 to 90 +/- 7 beats/min (mean +/- SD) (p less than .05) and remained increased after 3 months (93 +/- 9 beats/min, p less than .01) and 6 months (91 +/- 6 beats/min, p less than .05). After 1 week the cardiac index rose from 2.7 +/- 0.7 to 3.3 +/- 0.7 l/min/m2 (p less than .01), and after 3 and 6 months it fell again to 3.0 +/- 0.9 l/min/m2 and 2.9 +/- 0.7 l/min/m2, respectively. In the ergometer test the improvement in performance was not significant. The mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening initially increased from 0.58 +/- 0.20 to 0.79 +/- 0.28 circumferences/sec (p less than .01), but dropped after 3 months to 0.62 +/- 0.31 circumferences/sec. The ejection fraction determined from the two-dimensional echocardiogram rose after 1 week from 20 +/- 10 to 27 +/- 12% (p less than .05), but decreased again after 3 months (23 +/- 11%) and 6 months (20 +/- 10%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mutations in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor gene in patients with severe congenital neutropenia
Authors: F Dong, DC Dale, MA Bonilla, M Freedman, A Fasth, HJ Neijens, J Palmblad, GL Briars, G Carlsson, AJP Veerman, K Welte, B Löwenberg, IP Touw
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Primary lymphoma of the liver: A more optimistic point of view
Authors: Peter P. Anthony
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Nine adult white men ranging in age from 27 to 76 (mean, 55 years) were treated for primary hepatic lymphoma between 1972 and 1986 at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Six patients presented with right upper quadrant or epigastric pain or discomfort, and three patients complained of fatigue and lethargy. Fever and night sweats were evident in two, and two patients had lost weight. One patient was asymptomatic; the liver mass was detected during the work-up for cancer of the prostate. Seven patients on whom computerized tomography was performed all had solitary masses in the liver although in three of them tumor had extended into both lobes as noticed at surgery. One had additional porta hepatic lymph node metastasis. Eight patients underwent an exploratory laparotomy; four had hepatic resection, and four had wedge biopsies of unresectable liver tumor. One patient had a percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver. Eight patients received combination chemotherapy. Six patients are alive, five of whom are in initial complete remission. All three patients who died had persistent or recurrent disease in the liver. The results of therapy and surgery to date in these and in other cases in the literature are encouraging.
HLA frequencies in less common arthropathies.
Authors: A Robitaille, C Cockburn, D C James, B M Ansell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

There was no increased incidence of HLA-B27 in patients suffering from rubella arthropathy, when compared to both the Westminster controls and a group of patients with arthritis secondary to dysentery who nearly all possessed this allele.
Dichloroacetate Enhances Performance and Reduces Blood Lactate during Maximal Cycle Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Lori D. Calvert, Rhea Shelley, Sally J. Singh, Paul L. Greenhaff, John Bankart, Mike D. Morgan, Michael C. Steiner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Impaired skeletal muscle function contributes to exercise limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This is characterized by reduced mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate generation, and greater reliance on nonmitochondrial energy production. Dichloroacetate (DCA) infusion activates muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) at rest, reducing inertia in mitochondrial energy delivery at the onset of exercise and diminishing anaerobic energy production.This study aimed to determine whether DCA infusion enhanced mitochondrial energy delivery during symptom-limited maximal exercise, thereby reducing exercise-induced lactate and ammonia accumulation and, consequently, improving exercise performance in patients with COPD.A randomized, double-blind crossover design was used. Eighteen subjects with COPD performed maximal cycle exercise after an intravenous infusion of DCA (50 mg/kg body mass) or saline (control). Exercise work output was determined, and blood lactate and ammonia concentrations were measured at rest, 1 and 2 minutes of exercise, peak exercise, and 2 minutes postexercise.DCA infusion reduced peak blood lactate concentration by 20% (mean [SE]; difference, 0.48 [0.11] mmol/L, P < 0.001) and peak blood ammonia concentration by 15% (mean [SE]; difference, 14.2 [2.9] mumol/L, P < 0.001] compared with control. After DCA, peak exercise workload improved significantly by a mean (SE) of 8 (1) W (P < 0.001) and peak oxygen consumption by 1.2 (0.5) ml/kg/minute (P = 0.03) compared with control.We have shown that a pharmacologic intervention known to activate muscle PDC can reduce blood lactate and ammonia accumulation during exercise and improve maximal exercise performance in subjects with COPD. Skeletal muscle PDC activation may be a target for pharmacologic intervention in the management of exercise intolerance in COPD.
Correction: Betaine for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Manal F. Abdelmalek, Schuyler O. Sanderson, Paul Angulo, Consuelo Soldevila-Pico, Chen Liu, Joy Peter, Jill Keach, Matt Cave, Theresa Chen, Craig J. McClain, Keith D. Lindor
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

In the article “Betaine for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial” (HEPATOLOGY 2009;50:1818–1826; DOI: 10.1002/hep.23239), the conclusion of the abstract (page 1818) should have read “Compared to placebo, betaine did not improve hepatic steatosis but may protect against worsening steatosis.” On page 1822, right column, line 10 should read “ (−0.41 versus 0.67, P = 0.46)” not “P < 0.005” as published. The Figure 2 legend should have read: “Significantly fewer patients treated with betaine versus placebo (29% vs 61%, P < 0.01) improved the steatosis grade by ≥1 point. However, more patients treated with betaine compared with placebo (71% vs 22%, P < 0.005) had no change in hepatic steatosis over the duration of the study. [*P < 0.01; **P < 0.005].”
Factors affecting total and "respirable" dose delivered by a salbutamol metered dose inhaler.
Authors: M L Everard, S G Devadason, Q A Summers, P N Le Souef
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Many factors contribute to the high variability of doses delivered to the lungs of patients using metered dose inhalers (MDIs). Relatively little attention has been paid to the contribution to this variability of the way in which the MDI is handled before the inhalation manoeuvre. Instruction leaflets often recommend procedures at odds with those used for in vitro testing of the device. The standard protocol for in vitro assessment of salbutamol MDIs involves shaking the MDI vigorously for 30 seconds and wasting the first two actuations. Subsequent actuations are introduced into the testing device at five second intervals. Patient instructions do not include a recommendation to waste the first two actuations and recommend a delay of one minute between actuations. A series of experiments was performed to determine whether such differences might be important. METHODS--The total and "respirable" doses delivered by a salbutamol MDI (Ventolin, Allen &amp; Hanburys) under various conditions were assessed with a multistage liquid impinger. The quantity of drug deposited on each stage was measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The effect on the delivered dose of not shaking the canister, not wasting the first two doses, waiting 30 seconds between actuations, and using multiple rapid actuations was assessed by comparing the results with those obtained using the standard in vitro testing protocol. RESULTS--Compared with a standard protocol, it was found that not shaking the MDI before use reduced the total and "respirable" dose by 25.5% and 35.7%, respectively. The dose delivered when actuating the MDI at 30 second intervals was no different from that when intervals was no different from that when intervals of five seconds were used. Two actuations separated by one second had no effect on the total dose but reduced the "respirable" dose by 15.8%, while four rapid actuations reduced the total and "respirable" doses by 8.2% and 18.2%, respectively. Storing the MDI stem down reduced the total and "respirable" dose delivered in the first actuation by 25.0% and 23.3% despite shaking the MDI before use. CONCLUSIONS--MDIs containing drug in suspension must be shaken before use to resuspend the drug contained in the MDI, but shaking does not alter the composition of the suspension in the metering chamber and hence the dose in the first actuation remains low. Very rapid actuations can reduce the dose delivered per actuation, but salbutamol MDIs can be actuated immediately after a 10 second breath holding pause without affecting the dose delivered.
Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation Versus Surgical Ablation Treatment (FAST)
Authors: Lucas V.A. Boersma, Manuel Castella, WimJan van Boven, Antonio Berruezo, Alaaddin Yilmaz, Mercedes Nadal, Elena Sandoval, Naiara Calvo, Josep Brugada, Johannes Kelder, Maurits Wijffels, Lluís Mont
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Catheter ablation (CA) and minimally invasive surgical ablation (SA) have become accepted therapy for antiarrhythmic drug-refractory atrial fibrillation. This study describes the first randomized clinical trial comparing their efficacy and safety during a 12-month follow-up.One hundred twenty-four patients with antiarrhythmic drug-refractory atrial fibrillation with left atrial dilatation and hypertension (42 patients, 33%) or failed prior CA (82 patients, 67%) were randomized to CA (63 patients) or SA (61 patients). CA consisted of linear antral pulmonary vein isolation and optional additional lines. SA consisted of bipolar radiofrequency isolation of the bilateral pulmonary vein, ganglionated plexi ablation, and left atrial appendage excision with optional additional lines. Follow-up at 6 and 12 months was performed by ECG and 7-day Holter recording. The primary end point, freedom from left atrial arrhythmia >30 seconds without antiarrhythmic drugs after 12 months, was 36.5% for CA and 65.6% for SA (P=0.0022). There was no difference in effect for subgroups, which was consistent at both sites. The primary safety end point of significant adverse events during the 12-month follow-up was significantly higher for SA than for CA (n=21 [34.4%] versus n=10 [15.9%]; P=0.027), driven mainly by procedural complications such as pneumothorax, major bleeding, and the need for pacemaker. In the CA group, 1 patient died at 1 month of subarachnoid hemorrhage.In atrial fibrillation patients with dilated left atrium and hypertension or failed prior atrial fibrillation CA, SA is superior to CA in achieving freedom from left atrial arrhythmias after 12 months of follow-up, although the procedural adverse event rate is significantly higher for SA than for CA.URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00662701.
Association of HLA-B35 with mucocutaneous lesions in Israeli patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving gold treatment.
Authors: M Tishler, D Caspi, E Gazit, M Yaron
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Seventy-four Israeli patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied for possible association between HLA antigens and adverse reactions to gold treatment (aurothioglucose). HLA-B35 was significantly increased in patients who developed gold induced mucocutaneous lesions. These results are in accord with earlier reports, despite the different genetic background of the Israeli RA population and the different type of gold compound used.
BRCA1: A Missing Link in the Fanconi Anemia/BRCA Pathway
Authors: Alan D. D'Andrea
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Summary: Domchek and colleagues provide a case report of a 28-year-old woman with congenital abnormalities, inherited ovarian cancer, and carboplatin hypersensitivity. Interestingly, the woman had validated germline mutations in both BRCA1 alleles. These findings further implicate BRCA1 in the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway and have important implications for BRCA1 genetic testing. Cancer Discov; 3(4); 376–8. ©2013 AACR. See related article by Domchek et al., p. 399
Polypectomy in Giant Inflammatory Pseudopolyposis
Authors: V. Andreu, J. Llach, J. M. Bordas, M. Sans, J. M. Piqué, J. Terés
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

See also: Giant Polyposis Ulcerative Colitis Imitating Colonic Carcinoma: Two CasesEndoscopy 1995; 27(06): 468-468DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005750
Paternity Determination
Authors: Margery W. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Dr Reuben Ottenberg's three articles published inThe Journalin 1921 and 1922 are remarkably prescient. The reader will find his articles easier to follow by mentally translating blood groups I, II, III, and IV to O, A, B, and AB, respectively. Although Ottenberg contributed much family data to analyze the inheritance of the ABO system, he and other scientists at that time were laboring under the false assumption that there were two loci for the ABO blood groups that segregated independently. Thus, some of the predictions he made in the last Table of the third article<sup>1</sup>are erroneous: an O parent cannot have an AB child. This would, of course, be possible under the two-locus hypothesis. For example, AABB times aabb would necessarily yield all AaBb children with the phenotype AB. Perhaps the reason he and others made this error was because there were so few AB matings
975 ACTIVATION OF THE HEPATIC APELIN SYSTEM IS OF MAJOR RELEVANCE IN EARLY STAGES OF LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: V. Reichenbach, J. Ros, G. Fernández-Varo, G. Casals, P. Melgar-Lesmes, M. Pauta, M. Morales-Ruiz, W. Jiménez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Ribozyme-Mediated Inhibition of Rat Leukocyte-Type 12-Lipoxygenase Prevents Intimal Hyperplasia in Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Arteries
Authors: Jia-Li Gu, Hong Pei, Lisa Thomas, Jerry L. Nadler, John J. Rossi, Linda Lanting, Rama Natarajan
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —12-Lipoxygenase (12-LO) products of arachidonate metabolism have growth and chemotactic effects in vascular smooth muscle cells. We have also recently demonstrated increased 12-LO mRNA and protein expression in the neointima of balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. In this study, we evaluated whether 12-LO activation plays a role in neointimal thickening in this rat model by using a specific ribozyme (Rz) directed to rat 12-LO. Methods and Results —We designed a chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead Rz to cleave rat leukocyte-type 12-LO mRNA. This Rz dose-dependently cleaved a 166-nucleotide target 12-LO mRNA substrate in vitro and reduced 12-LO mRNA and protein expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. A control mutant Rz (MRz) with a point mutation in the catalytic site was inactive. To test the in vivo efficacy of the 12-LO Rz, the left common carotid arteries of rats were injured with a balloon catheter. The distal half of the injured arteries was treated with Rz or MRz mixed with lipofectin. The proximal half received only lipofectin. Twelve days after injury, intima-to-media ratios were significantly lower in the Rz-treated sections than in untreated sections from the same rat (0.742±0.16 versus 1.749±0.12, P &lt;0.001). In contrast, the MRz had no significant effect. Conclusions —These results indicate the important role of the leukocyte-type 12-LO pathway in restenosis in response to injury.
HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS IMPROVES DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF 2D LONGITUDINAL STRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
Authors: Sarah Shimoni, Xavier Filtz, Oded Ayzenberg, Gera Gendelman, Fabio Kuznietz, Orly Edri, Nachum Smirin, Peter Lysyansky, Avraham Caspi, Zvi Friedman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
RUPTURED PEPTIC ULCER DURING TRIAMCINOLONE THERAPY
Authors: Marvin F. Engel
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the paper by A. W. Danish and M. P. Landman, "Ruptured Peptic Ulcer During Triamcinolone Therapy," inThe Journal, June 25, page 900, a statement was made that this was believed to be the first reported case of such an occurrence. In a paper by J. G. Smith Jr., M. F. Engel, and H. Blank, entitled "Triamcinolone in Dermatologic Therapy" (<i>J. Florida M. A.</i><b>96</b>:960 [Feb.] 1960), the rupture of a silent peptic ulcer occurring after one week of triamcinolone therapy in a dosage of 16 mg. per day is reported.
Chemokines in the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C infection
Authors: Mathis Heydtmann, David H. Adams
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus, a noncytopathic hepatotropic RNA virus, affects over 170 million people worldwide. In the majority of cases, neither the early innate immune response nor the later adaptive immune response succeeds in clearing the virus, and the infection becomes chronic. Furthermore, in many patients, the ineffective inflammatory response drives fibrogenesis and the development of cirrhosis. It is critical to understand this immune pathology if preventative and curative therapies are to be developed. Chemokines are a superfamily of small proteins that promote leukocyte migration and orchestrate the immune response to viruses, including hepatitis C virus. Chemokines are crucial for viral elimination, but inappropriate persistence of expression in chronic hepatitis C infection can drive tissue damage and inflammation. Here we review the role of chemokines and their receptors in hepatitis C virus infection. (Hepatology 2009;49:676–688.)
An Open-Label, Multicenter, Three-Stage, Phase II Study of S-1 in Combination with Cisplatin as First-Line Therapy for Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Alan Sandler, Charles Graham, Maria Baggstrom, Roy Herbst, Christopher Zergebel, Kaku Saito, Dennie Jones
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)