tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
R147W mutation of PROC gene is common in venous thrombotic patients in Taiwanese Chinese
Authors: Woei Tsay, Ming‐Ching Shen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

We analyzed the genetic defects of 21 unrelated patients with venous thrombosis in whom hereditary protein C deficiency was diagnosed. Eleven mutations were detected in 18 families, while no mutation was detectable in the other three families. Among these mutations, a common genetic mutation of protein C (PROC) gene recurred in 43% (nine propositi from these 21 families). This C6152T mutation at exon 7 resulted in a missense mutation, Arg147Trp (R147W). Each propositus or family carrier had another specific polymorphism T66C at exon 2, which did not change the proline at position (-21). The haplotype analysis strongly suggested a founder effect. The first thrombotic attack was significantly younger in patients with multiple genetic defects or combined with other risk factors than those without precipitating factors. We further studied the prevalence rate of R147W mutations in normal populations through PCR amplification and dot hybridization. Three different cohorts got similar results. The prevalence rate of R147W in health controls is 0.85% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-1.35]. Analysis of plasma protein C levels of all patients or carriers suggested that R147W was a type II deficiency. The odds ratio of thrombosis of R147W is 5.1 (95% CI 1.7-14.8). Taken together, R147W mutation is a significant thrombotic risk factor and is the most common defect of PROC gene in Taiwanese patients with protein C deficiency. This finding is important for screening thrombophilic families in Chinese populations.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Coronary Reperfusion by CT Angiography in Patients With STEMI
Authors: Makoto Yamashita, Souki Lee, Shuichi Hamasaki, Tatsuya Nishimoto, Takashi Kajiya, Koichi Toyonaga, Ryoichi Arima, Hitoshi Toda, Ichiro Ohba, Yutaka Otsuji, Chuwa Tei
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in mononuclear blood cells.
Authors: P Pontisso, M C Poon, P Tiollais, C Brechot
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The Southern transfer hybridisation technique was used to test mononuclear blood cells for hepatitis B virus DNA. Viral DNA sequences were detected in mononuclear cells of 10 out of 16 patients with hepatitis B virus infection and in none of 21 normal controls. Blood contamination was excluded by the absence of hepatitis B virus DNA in the corresponding serum samples in all cases. Free monomeric hepatitis B virus DNA was found in three patients positive for hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and one positive for anti-HBe, and integrated hepatitis B virus DNA was present in four patients positive for anti-HBe. In two other patients the small size of the samples did not allow a distinction between free and integrated viral DNA. The state of the virus in the mononuclear cells seemed to correlate with the HBeAg or anti-HBe state, as has been noted in the liver. These results indicate that hepatitis B virus may infect mononuclear blood cells, thereby expanding the tissue specificity of this agent beyond the liver, as has been reported for pancreatic, kidney, and skin tissue. They also suggest that hepatitis B virus infection of mononuclear cells might be related to immunological abnormalities observed in carriers of the virus.
Role of Reticulated Platelets and Platelet Size Heterogeneity on Platelet Activity After Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Aspirin and Clopidogrel in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sasidhar Guthikonda, Carlos L. Alviar, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Mehmet Arikan, Armando Tellez, Timothy DeLao, Juan F. Granada, Jing-Fei Dong, Neal S. Kleiman, Eli I. Lev
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
The naevus count on the arms as a predictor of the number of melanocytic naevi on the whole body
Authors: None FARIÑAS-ÁLVAREZ, None RÓDENAS, None HERRANZ, None DELGADO-RODRÍGUEZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

A study of melanocytic naevi was carried out in southern Spain to examine the relationship between numbers of naevi at different body sites as predictors of whole-body naevus count and to determine whether the naevus count on the arms is valid for identifying the risk factors for total naevi. Subjects were the control group from a case-control study on risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. They were selected from visitors to the University of Granada Hospital (southern Spain) between 1989 and 1993. Of 200 people invited to participate, 146 accepted (73%). Data were collected by personal interview, and melanocytic naevi were counted over the entire body surface by clinical skin examination performed by one dermatologist. Partial correlation coefficients (R) estimated by multiple linear regression were calculated. Comparisons between whole-body naevi and naevi on the arms, and their relationship with risk factors, were assessed by analysis of variance and covariance. Arms in men (adjusted R = 0.88) and thighs in women (adjusted R = 0.82) were the best predictors of total naevi after adjusting for age and sun exposure. Age, occupational and leisure sun exposure, and sunburns showed significant correlations with the total number of naevi. Similar results were found for the naevus count on the arms. In conclusion, the prediction of whole-body numbers of naevi by a naevus count on specific sites differs between men and women: arms in men and thighs in women are the best predictors. Nevertheless, naevus counts on the arms allowed us to study the risk factors for total naevi as well as whole-body naevus count: age and occupational sun exposure were the strongest determinants.
Disturbed Relaxation of Limbs
Authors: S. Behrman
Journal: BMJ (1958)

ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA BnICmJLour study concerned only a limited type of schizophrenic illness must be borne in mind when considering its significance.Summary A clinical trial is described in the use of acepromazine maleate (notensil) in chronic schizophrenia.The drug has a limited value.Side-effects (hypotension and epilepsy) were observed.The difficulties of making this kind of trial objective are described.The importance of the standard of the placebo is stressed.We are grateful to Messrs. Bengers for supplying notensil tablets and placebo and for help with the statistical and secretarial facilities.We are grateful also to Mr. R. Bevan, senior psychologist, Hellingly Hospital, and to Mr. P. Slater, of the statistical department of the Institute of Psychiatry, for carrying out a statistical assessment and giving us advice on these matters.In the clinical field we are indebted to many of the staff of Hellingly Hospital, and particularly to our medical superintendent, Dr.David Rice, for having made this study possible.
Do newly built homes affect rhinitis in children? The <scp>ISAAC</scp> phase III study in <scp>K</scp>orea
Authors: M.‐I. Hahm, Y. Chae, H.‐J. Kwon, J. Kim, K. Ahn, W.‐K. Kim, S.‐Y. Lee, Y. M. Park, M. Y. Han, K.‐J. Lee, H.‐Y. Lee, I. Min
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background As K orea has experienced rapid economic development, the lifestyles of K oreans have become more W esternized, in terms of urbanization and dietary habits. Also, the prevalences of allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis, have increased rapidly. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the symptoms of rhinitis conditions, including rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, overlapped rhinitis, and overlapped allergic rhinitis, among K orean children aged 6–7 years. Methods The study subjects were drawn from participants in the I nternational S tudy of A sthma and A llergies in C hildhood ( ISAAC ) study in 2010 and were aged 6–7 years. We analysed data for a total of 3804 children. Results The prevalences of symptoms suggestive of rhinitis and allergic rhinitis in the previous 12 months were 43.4% and 22.1%, respectively. For overlapped rhinitis and overlapped allergic rhinitis, only 2.5% and 1.9% of the children had overlapping symptoms, having rhinitis with asthma and eczema simultaneously. Gender, a parental history of allergic disease, mould or dampness at home, and the risk factors for ‘sick building syndrome’ ( SBS ) were risk factors influencing rhinitis diseases. In particular, a history of moving to a newly built home in the child's infancy was strongly associated with symptoms of all the rhinitis diseases examined. Conclusions This study identified patterns of the prevalence of rhinitis conditions among K orean children that were similar to those reported in W estern countries. We confirmed that a history of moving to a newly built home during infancy was associated with a considerable risk of rhinitis conditions.
Glucose Control in Older Adults With Diabetes Mellitus—More Harm Than Good?
Authors: Kasia J. Lipska, Victor M. Montori
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Indoor Air Quality and Human Health
Authors: Robert J. McCunney
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Most people spend about 90% of their time indoors and in the process are potentially exposed to a variety of substances capable of causing adverse health effects. Asbestos, formaldehyde, and the<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>bacterium are well-known inhabitants of public and commercial buildings and in some cases private residences, the areas of concern addressed by the author in this timely and informative publication. Isaac Turiel, staff scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California, has written a highly readable and informative summary of the causes, consequences, and methods of prevention of indoor air pollution. The author describes the major causes of indoor air pollution, including cigarette smoking, formaldehyde, and asbestos and other building materials. The author comments astutely on the wide-ranging issues of passive smoking and reviews the major works regarding the effects of passive smoking in indoor environments—in particular, the increased risk of lung cancer. Cigarette smoking,
Osteopontin: an emerging therapeutic target in uraemic vascular disease
Authors: Xin Zhang, Alfonso Eirin, Amir Lerman, Lilach O. Lerman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This editorial refers to ‘Osteopontin deficiency dampens the pro-atherogenic effect of uraemia’ by T.X. Pedersen et al. , pp. 352–359, this issue. 

The incidence of cardiovascular disease remains high in the population with renal failure and constitutes the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. According to the U.S. Renal Data System 2011 Annual Data Report, the rate of death among dialysis patients attributable to cardiovascular disease was 40% and 5% to acute myocardial infarction.1 However, the mechanisms by which renal failure accelerates development of vascular disease and magnifies cardiovascular morbidity and mortality remain elusive.

As a common component in development of atherosclerosis, calcification characterizes vasculopathy, contributes to plaque rupture and thrombosis, and predicts high mortality in hemodialysis patients.2 In addition to traditional risk factors, this complication is associated with non-traditional factors such as elevated serum phosphorus and serum calcium × phosphorus product in uraemia.3 However, recent evidence suggests that the mechanism underpinning vascular calcification in uraemia is more than passive metastatic calcification, but an active cell-mediated process. Furthermore, osteopontin (OPN) has emerged as a key regulator in development of atherosclerosis-associated vasculopathy.

OPN, a small integrin-binding ligand, N -linked (SIBLING) glycoprotein first identified in 1986 as …
Case of Fracture of the Spine: Death on Fifteenth Day
Authors: P. Belcher
Journal: BMJ (1862)

see tying together convolutions, andcl diminishing here and theie the calibre of the howel to a coisiderable and sometimes fatal extenit.Ileppy was it that an opera- tionl withi so distruistful a beginning should have so suc- cessftul and so satisfactory an ending. CASE OF FRACTURE OF TIlE SPINE:DEATII ON FIFTEENTII DAY.By PACr, BELCHELt, Esq
Purification of High Molecular Weight Kininogen and the Role of This Agent in Blood Coagulation
Authors: Hidehiko Saito
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Recent studies of individuals with high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen deficiency established the importance of this plasma protein for in vitro initiation of blood coagulation. In the present study, HMW-kininogen was highly purified from human plasma by monitoring its clot-promoting activity, using Fitzgerald trait plasma as a substrate. This preparation of HMW-kininogen revealed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (mol wt: 120,000) and released 1% of its weight as bradykinin upon incubation with plasma kallikrein. HMW-kininogen specifically repaired impaired surface-mediated plasma reactions of Fitzgerald trait plasma, but did not affect those of Hageman trait and Fletcher trait plasma. Kinin release from HMW-kininogen by trypsin, but not by plasma kallikrein, resulted in total loss of clot-promoting activity. No inhibitors of coagulation were found when all kinin activity was removed from HMW-kininogen by trypsin. The roles of HMW-kininogen, Hageman factor (HF, Factor XII), plasma prekallikrein (Fletcher factor), and plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA, Factor XI) in blood coagulation were studied in a purified system. HMW-kininogen was absolutely required for activation of PTA by HF and ellagic acid. The yield of activated PTA was proportional to the amount of HF, HMW-kininogen, and PTA in the mixtures, suggesting that, to activate PTA, these three proteins might form a complex in the presence of ellagic acid. No fragmentation of HF was found under these conditions. In contrast to HF, HF-fragments (mol wt: 30,000) activated PTA in the absence of HMW-kininogen and ellagic acid. Thus, it appears that in the present study PTA was activated in two distinct ways. Which pathway is the major one in whole plasma remains to be determined.
Congenital Complete Heart Block and Connective-Tissue Disease
Authors: Victoria L. Vetter, William J. Rashkind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

In 1901 the first description of congenital complete heart block was reported as a syndrome of slow pulse, syncopal attacks, and sudden death, often occurring in families.1 Michaëlsson and Engle's cooperative study of 599 infants and children with congenital complete heart block was published in 1972.2 The cause was obscure; speculations included tumors, fetal endocarditis, endocardial fibroelastosis, interstitial myocarditis, linkage to congenital heart defects, and genetic influences. In 1945 Plant and Steven described a case of congenital complete heart block in which the mother had systemic lupus erythematosus, but they did not ascribe a causative relationship.3 By 1977, the association . . .
Drug Resistance and Pseudoresistance
Authors: Tilo Grosser, Susanne Fries, John A. Lawson, Shiv C. Kapoor, Gregory R. Grant, Garret A. FitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Low dose aspirin reduces the secondary incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. Drug resistance to aspirin might result in treatment failure. Despite this concern, no clear definition of aspirin resistance has emerged, and estimates of its incidence have varied remarkably. We aimed to determine the commonality of a mechanistically consistent, stable, and specific phenotype of true pharmacological resistance to aspirin—such as might be explained by genetic causes. Methods and Results— Healthy volunteers (n=400) were screened for their response to a single oral dose of 325-mg immediate release or enteric coated aspirin. Response parameters reflected the activity of the molecular target of aspirin, cyclooxygenase-1. Individuals who appeared aspirin resistant on 1 occasion underwent repeat testing, and if still resistant were exposed to low-dose enteric coated aspirin (81 mg) and clopidogrel (75 mg) for 1 week each. Variable absorption caused a high frequency of apparent resistance to a single dose of 325-mg enteric coated aspirin (up to 49%) but not to immediate release aspirin (0%). All individuals responded to aspirin on repeated exposure, extension of the postdosing interval, or addition of aspirin to their platelets ex vivo. Conclusions— Pharmacological resistance to aspirin is rare; this study failed to identify a single case of true drug resistance. Pseudoresistance, reflecting delayed and reduced drug absorption, complicates enteric coated but not immediate release aspirin administration. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00948987.
961-78 Importance of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Signal Averaged Electrocardiogram but not of Coronary Artery Patency nor Holter Monitoring to Predict Severe Arrhythmic Events After a First Myocardial Infarction in the Thrombolytic Era
Authors: Christian de Chillou, Olivier Bizeau, Luc Feldmann, Nicolas Sadoul, Emmanuel Gazakuré, Etienne Aliot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Anaphylactoid Reaction to Orally Administered Demethylchlortetracycline
Authors: Richard H. Pollen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE number and diversity of medicines known to cause severe, immediate reactions of the anaphylactic type is legion.1 Nevertheless, it is vital that drugs newly observed to threaten life should be clearly identified to those responsible for their use. The subject of this report suffered an immediate reaction after oral administration of demethylchlortetracycline (Declomycin).Case ReportTwenty minutes after taking 300 mg. of demethylchlortetracycline an adult male noted generalized "burning" erythema and dyspnea. When seen at the hospital he seemed terrified and was vomiting, scratching his skin furiously and coughing up copious amounts of watery sputum. The eyelids, face and . . .
Breathing therapies and bronchodilator use in asthma
Authors: A Bruton
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Breathing modification techniques may have a useful role in the management of asthma

Treatments involving the manipulation of breathing are commonly used in routine practice by physiotherapists and other practitioners in a variety of clinical settings1 yet, despite decades of use, there is no robust evidence base to confirm the effectiveness of these activities. Practical and logistic difficulties exist in the design and execution of the randomised controlled clinical trials required to provide the highest grade evidence for such treatments. While the design of studies investigating pharmacological agents is relatively straightforward, there are numerous potential pitfalls in trials investigating complex interventions such as breathing therapies which require significant interaction between patient and practitioner. There are obvious difficulties with devising suitable controls, blinding participants and researchers to any intervention received, and in ensuring standardisation. While it is frequently clinically acceptable to standardise medication dosage and timing, it is not normal to do so for breathing therapies—in which the response of the individual affects the intervention provided during any interaction between patient and practitioner.

In this issue of Thorax , Slader et al 2 present the results of a randomised double blind controlled trial comparing two breathing techniques for patients with stable but suboptimally controlled asthma. Fifty seven subjects were randomly allocated to one of two groups receiving instruction in breathing technique from educational videos, and 48 subjects completed the 30 week study. The first group of 28 subjects were instructed in a technique designed to be “active” by mimicking the hypoventilation and nasal breathing strategies advocated by the exponents of the Butekyo breathing method, and the second group of 29 subjects received an instructional video that was intended to be a more neutral control, consisting of upper chest exercises and “control of breathing” exercises focusing on posture and relaxation. Subjects …
Detection of Anti-HBc IgM Following Prednisone Treatment in Patients with Chronic Active Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Marek J. Nowicki, Myron J. Tong, Prem V. Nair, Douglas Stevenson
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The effect of a short course of prednisone therapy on serum IgM type antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) was studied in 14 male patients with chronic active type B hepatitis. Eleven patients (78.5%) became positive for serum anti-HBc IgM either during or shortly after prednisone withdrawal. Detection of anti-HBc IgM correlated with an increase in hepatitis B virus specific DNA-polymerase activity and was followed by a rise in serum transaminase levels. Six patients with histologic evidence of cirrhosis developed anti-HBc IgM which lasted six or more months after prednisone therapy and had a rapid onset of hepatic decompensation manifested by encephalopathy with ascites and/or variceal bleeding. In 17 untreated chronic active type B hepatitis patients who served as controls, anti-HBc IgM was detected at low levels in only a single serum sample from each of two patients during the same observation period.
Estimates of the frequency of HBV, HCV, and HIV infectious donations entering the blood supply in the United Kingdom, 1996 to 2003
Authors: K Soldan, K Davison, B Dow
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

Several new tests have been recently introduced by the United Kingdom Blood Services to improve safety. The frequency (or risk) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infectious donations entering the UK blood supply during 1996-2003 has been estimated. These years span the introduction of nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HCV, HIV combination antigen and antibody test and NAT for HIV. The frequency of an infectious donation entering the blood supply due to i) the window period, ii) assay failures and iii) human and technical errors in testing and processing, was estimated. The window period risk was estimated using the incidence of infection in donors and the length of the window period for tests in use, with an adjustment for atypical inter-donation intervals in seroconverting donors. The estimated frequency of infectious donations entering the blood supply during 1996-2003 was 1.66, 0.80 and 0.14 per million for HBV, HCV and HIV respectively. HCV NAT resulted in an over 95% fall in the risk of HCV. Current usage of HIV combined antibody-antigen tests and of HIV NAT reduced the estimated risk of HIV by 10%. Since 1996, the risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV, HCV and HIV infection in the UK has been lowered by several improvements to donation testing, although the absolute reduction in risk has been small. Vigilance for errors and the affects of donor selection may be as or more important than further reductions to window periods of tests for improving blood safety with respect to HBV, HCV and HIV.