tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE RELATION OF THE USE OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TO CORONARY OCCLUSION
Authors: George Blumer
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In connection with the article of Drs. White and Sharber on the relation of alcohol and tobacco to angina pectoris (The Journal, March 3, p. 655) a brief report on the effect of these substances on coronary occlusion is, I think, of interest. Of 150 patients with coronary occlusion seen in private practice, 52 per cent were total abstainers, 34 per cent occasionally used alcohol and 14 per cent were habitual drinkers. Of a group of 150 patients with the same age and sex ratios who did not have coronary occlusion, 48.6 per cent were total abstainers, 40.6 per cent occasionally used alcohol and 10.6 per cent habitually used alcohol. There was therefore no apparent relation between the use of alcohol and coronary occlusion, with the exception that one or two patients in the series developed occlusion during a period of exhaustion following a prolonged debauch. Of
Simple Test for Hematuria Compared with Established Tests
Authors: Jack R. Leonards
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE IMPORTANCE of detecting occult blood in urine is well established. The appearance of minute quantities of blood in urine may be among the earliest signs of renal disease, infarction, tumors of the urogenital system, and hemorrhagic diseases. Occult hematuria may signal renal damage resulting from trauma or from ingestion of toxic chemicals or drugs. It may also be a sign of inadequately controlled anticoagulant therapy.  Common methods for the detection of occult blood in urine include microscopic examination and the benzidine test. In microscopic examination, the number of red blood cells per high power field is counted. This method, although in use for many years, suffers from a disadvantage if the blood in the urine becomes hemolyzed. The stromata of hemolyzed red blood cells are almost impossible to see, and hemolyzed blood may be missed by microscopic examination. The benzidine test reacts in the presence of hemoglobin whether free
Sphygmomanometric Cuff Size and Blood Pressure Recordings
Authors: George E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In a group of 50 adult patients, indirect blood pressure recordings were obtained with nine Velcro self-adhesive cuffs of varying widths and lengths. Ten additional patients were studied to compare direct intraarterial blood pressure recordings with recordings obtained by the auscultatory method in the same arm. The data were subjected to statistical analyses that showed that the width of the air-inflatable bladder is important and should be 12 to 14 cm. The length of the bladder contained by the cuff needs only to encircle about one half the circumference of the arm. The standard adult arm cuff with a 23 × 12.5-cm bladder is adequate for accurate indirect blood pressure determinations in an adult population. The Velcro self-adhesive cuff is preferred because of its time saving qualities and smoother application.
Acute thrombocytopenia after treatment with tirofiban or eptifibatide is associated with antibodies specific for ligand-occupied GPIIb/IIIa
Authors: Daniel W. Bougie, Peter R. Wilker, Elizabeth D. Wuitschick, Brian R. Curtis, Mohammad Malik, Stewart Levine, Richard N. Lind, Jaime Pereira, Richard H. Aster
Journal: Blood (2002)
Out-patient Treatment of Early Syphilis with Penicillin
Authors: T. R. Lloyd-Jones, S. J. Allen, E. M. Donaldson
Journal: BMJ (1946)

Penicillin treatment of syphilis now ranks as one of the great medical advances of the war; the saving of man-hours already achieved has justified its adoption for the routine treatment of early syphilis in the armed Forces, although the end-results have yet to be evaluated.The original plans of treatment, which aim at the maintenance of relatively constant levels of penicillin in the blood over an arbitrary minimum period of 8 days, provide the basis for the majority of treatment schedules in current use.Such treatment, calling as it does for frequently repeated intramuscular injections, necessitates admission of the patient to hospital.When penicillin became available for the treatment of syphilis in the Royal Navy it was considered important to evolve as quickly as possible an ambulatory method which would be applicable to the majority of patients in widely scattered ships and establishments.With this end in view an investigation was inaugurated in June, 1944; and in March, 1945, a preliminary report was made by one of us (T.R. L.-J.) in the form of an address to the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases.Two series of cases were described, the results of an ambulatory method calling for single daily intravenous injections comparing favourably with those of a multiple (three-hourly)injection method on conventional lines.The present contribution reports the condition of the 100 cases originally treated (Lloyd-Jones and Maitland, 1945) after further observation, and describes an additional series of 150 cases treated by daily intramuscular injections and investigations directed to defining time-dose relationships.It is not considered useful at the present time to submit detailed clinical and statistical reports on this material. Scheme of Investigation*The results previously obtained with daily intravenous injections supported the view that a constant level of penicillin in the blood stream was not a necessary condition for cure.We felt encouraged, therefore, to continue our work on intermittent penicillin therapy and, on the suggestion of Prof. Sir Alexander Fleming, decided to treat a series of cases by daily intramuscular injections.In order to secure a basis for comparison with previous series we restricted treatment to cases of freshly acquired syphilis-primary or secondary.For the purpose of description we refer to primary cases of syphilis as " early," ' middle," or " late ": the early cases being those which remain sero-negative throughout; the middle primary cases those which are sero-negative at the start of treatment, show a short positive phase,.andreturn to negative about the end of treatment; and the late primary cases those which are sero-positive at the out- set (Lloyd-Jones and Maitland, 1943).
Influence of Ethnicity on Advance Directives and End-of-Life Decisions
Authors: Linda J. Romero
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The importance of improving end-of-life decision making<sup>1</sup>and understanding the differences in attitudes among ethnic groups toward end-of-life decisions have been increasing recognized.<sup>2</sup>The New Mexico Elder Health Study provides some insights concerning advance care planning and preferences toward life-sustaining measures. One purpose of this comprehensive study is to compare self-reported understanding and completion of advance directives and individual preferences for life-sustaining measures in the event of a terminal illness. We surveyed randomly selected elderly ≥65 years) Hispanic (n=414) and non-Hispanic (n=469) whites living in Bernalillo County (Albuquerque and vicinity), New Mexico. The study was conducted using in-home, in-person interviews by trained personnel. "Hispanic" was defined using 3 criteria: Spanish surname, self-identification, and parential ethnicity. Many participants reported that they did not know what a living will and durable power of attorney are. Hispanics were less likely than non-Hispanic whites to correctly define a living
TREATMENT OF ALVEOLAR PROCESSES AFTER EXTRACTION
Authors: M. L. Rhein
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, January 15, p. 192, "M.D. of Illinois" writes for information as to "the desirability or not of curetting the alveolar processes and suturing the gums thereafter following the extraction of teeth." When apical infection ensues from a tooth containing a diseased pulp, the infection enters the spongy-like tissue of the alveolus and this becomes from that moment really the infected area. Only in old chronic cases does the outside of the end of the root become a focus of infection. The so-called granuloma is composed of granulation tissue surrounded by a capsule of fibrous connective tissue, apparently an effort to hinder the penetration of the toxins further into the alveolar structure. The granuloma is almost invariably infected with nonhemolytic streptococci; in fact, it is a colonization point for their propagation. As the granuloma grows in size, as it always does, it progressively destroys the
Large Islets, Beta-Cell Proliferation, and a Glucokinase Mutation
Authors: Sameer Kassem, Sonal Bhandari, Pablo Rodríguez-Bada, Roja Motaghedi, Maayan Heyman, M Adelaida García-Gimeno, Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier, Pascual Sanz, Noel K Maclaren, Jacques Rahier, Benjamin Glaser, Antonio Luis Cuesta-Muñoz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: Rare, naturally occurring gene mutations provide important insights into normal human physiology. We report on a young girl with severe neonatal hypoglycemia due to a novel glucokinase mutation (V91L). Her father had a similar clinical course, but neither his DNA nor his pancreatic tissue was available for study. V91L showed a markedly increased affinity for glucose that was more than 8.5 times as high, an enzyme efficiency that was 7 times as high, and a relative-activity index that was 30 times as high as that of the wild-type enzyme. The estimated threshold for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was . . .
Abstract 5243: MicroRNAs-449a and -449b exhibit tumor suppressive effects in retinoblastoma
Authors: Aunica A. Jones, Alissa Martin, Paul Bryar, Marilyn Mets, Joanna Weinstein, Gang Zhang, Nikia A. Laurie
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that act by inhibiting target genes. Specific individual miRNAs have now been identified which have confirmed effects in cancer, and some miRNAs can act as either tumor suppressors or as oncogenes by exerting effects on important regulatory cellular pathways. The purpose of our study is to illustrate the relationship between the expressions of miRs-449a and -449b to retinoblastoma proliferation and apoptosis. We show that there is an inhibitory effect of miRs-449a and -449b in retinoblastoma by demonstrating significantly impaired proliferation and increased apoptosis of tumor cells when these miRNAs are overexpressed. This study suggests that these miRNAs could serve as viable therapeutic targets for retinoblastoma treatment. We also report the utility of combining overexpression of miRs-449a and -449b with broad-based chemotherapy drugs that are currently being used to treat retinoblastoma patients. Citation Format: Aunica A. Jones, Alissa Martin, Paul Bryar, Marilyn Mets, Joanna Weinstein, Gang Zhang, Nikia A. Laurie. MicroRNAs-449a and -449b exhibit tumor suppressive effects in retinoblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5243. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5243
The Painful Hip Prosthesis: Value of Nuclear Imaging in the Diagnosis of Late Complications
Authors: ALEXANDER W. PEARLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Loosening of the prosthesis and infection are the most common late complications of the Charnley low friction arthroplasty. A noninvasive diagnostic approach to the symptomatic patient, using plain radiographs and nuclear imaging with a bone imaging agent, is presented. Nuclear imaging is a more sensitive indicator than plain radiography, but the two studies supplement each other. The nuclear study may be positive when radiographs are normal and in no patient with loosening was the nuclear image normal. In the presence of a normal nuclear image and a normal radiograph, there is an extremely small probability that either complication is present.
Evidence for the role of platelet-activating factor in immune complex vasculitis in the rat.
Authors: J S Warren, D M Mandel, K J Johnson, P A Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

These studies were designed to determine the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the pathogenesis of immune complex (IgG) induced dermal vasculitis in the rat. In vitro, very low (pM and nM) concentrations of PAF "primed" rat neutrophils for enhanced O2-. responses to IgG immune complexes while higher concentrations were directly stimulatory. The PAF receptor antagonist, L-652,731, blocked responses (O2-. production and enzyme release) of rat neutrophils stimulated with PAF but did not block responses triggered by immune complexes, formyl chemotactic peptide or opsonized zymosan particles. When L-652,731 was added to the antibody employed in the reversed passive Arthus reaction, the injury resulting from immune complex-induced vasculitis was significantly attenuated. In order to determine if in vivo protection provided by L-652,731 was related to neutrophils, we developed a new model in which rats are systemically depleted of neutrophils by cyclophosphamide and then locally reconstituted with intact neutrophils in a manner that allows restoration of immune complex-induced vascular injury. With this model, we demonstrated that the effects of neutrophil reconstitution are substantially diminished if the cells are pretreated with L-652,731 and then washed. By priming neutrophils with substimulatory concentrations of PAF, we have also provided in vivo evidence that neutrophil priming can increase the magnitude of vascular injury. These data provide evidence that vascular injury associated with immune complex dermal vasculitis is related to availability of PAF receptors on neutrophils, suggesting a mechanism through which PAF may function as a mediator in the pathogenesis of immune complex vasculitis.
The Ratio of the Maximum High Attenuation Area Dimension to the Maximum Tumor Dimension May Be an Index of the Presence of Lymph Node Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinomas 3 cm or Smaller on High-Resolution Computed Tomography
Authors: Ryota Nishio, Soichi Akata, Kazuhiro Saito, Tatsuo Ohira, Masahiro Tsuboi, Takashi Hirano, Norihiko Ikeda, Fumio Kotake, Harubumi Kato, Kimihiko Abe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Workplace-Related Homicide Among Health Care Workers in the United States, 1980 Through 1990
Authors: Richard A. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To improve understanding of the epidemiology of fatal violence directed toward physicians and other health care workers (HCWs) in health care settings.Analyses of data for 1980 through 1990 from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system.Overall occurrence of occupational injury deaths and occurrence of workplace-related homicides among HCWs.From 1980 through 1990, a total of 522 HCWs died from injuries sustained while working. The most common causes of death were motor vehicle crashes (122 [23.4%]), homicide (106 [20.3%]), and suicide (88 [16.9%]). Firearms were used in the greatest number (78 [73.6%]) of workplace-related homicides among HCWs.These findings highlight the need for strengthened surveillance and more accurate estimates of the risks of workplace-related violent injury for HCWs in the United States.
Statistics notes: The normal distribution
Authors: D. G Altman, J M. Bland
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Multispectral fluorescence imaging (MSFI) is a rapidly growing field with broad applications in both preclinical and clinical settings. Application of this novel technology in small-animal imaging and microscopy produces enhanced sensitivity and reliable quantification and resolves multiple simultaneous signals. MSFI flow cytometry can quantify multiple fluorescent parameters with morphologic or subcellular spatial details on millions of cells. MSFI has the potential to improve the accuracy of disease detection or differentiation and intrasurgical metastatic diagnosis, guide neurosurgeries, and monitor treatment response.
Tay–Sachs Disease
Authors: Roscoe O. Brady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Tay—Sachs disease, an inherited autosomal recessive abnormality that occurs in infants usually of Ashkenazic Jewish parentage, is characterized by mental retardation and amaurosis. A cherry-red spot is usually present in the macular region of the eye. The clinical course of these patients is progressively downhill and culminates in blindness and death between the second and third years of life.The recent report of Okada and O'Brien1 of a missing enzyme in tissues of patients with Tay—Sachs disease is an important contribution for several reasons. The disease is the last of the major sphingolipidoses for which the explicit nature of the . . .
Cognitive and Emotional Disturbances in Systemic Lupus erythematosus
Authors: E.M. Wekking, J.C. Nossent, A.P. van Dam, A.J.J.G. Swaak
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

Do patients with central nervous system systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS-SLE) demonstrate more cognitive and emotional disturbances than SLE patients without cerebral involvement (non-CNS-SLE) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? Test results indicated that CNS-SLE patients performed less well on two concentration subtests in comparison with both non-CNS-SLE and RA patients and scored higher on three psychopathology scales (boderline personality symptoms, dysthymic symptoms and psychotic depression). The representativity and reliability of the present results will be discussed.
Sp1-Mediated Transcriptional Control of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 in Sarcomas of Skeletal Muscle Lineage
Authors: Shun Jiang Yu, Lei Zheng, Marc Ladanyi, Sylvia L. Asa, Shereen Ezzat
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been implicated in a multitude of differentiating and proliferative actions. FGFR4 is expressed mainly in lung, kidney, pancreas, spleen, and developing muscle. FGFR4 was found to be overexpressed in some human malignancies, where it has been implicated in their pathogenesis. Recently, FGFR4 was found to be overexpressed in pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas, based on cDNA microarray analysis. Using Northern blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting, we classified four human rhabdomyosarcoma-derived cell lines based on their relative expression of FGFR4. We defined a 214 bp (−115/+99) promoter that functioned as a minimal promoter and examined cis-DNA elements implicated in the control of expression of the FGFR4 gene in these cells. Overlapping 40- to 50-bp fragments of the minimal promoter were examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using nuclear extracts from cell lines with high (HS729-1015) or low (HS729-1016) FGFR4 expression. Fragment C (−65/−26) formed specific complexes with nuclear extracts from both cell lines. Fragment B (−95/−56), however, formed distinct complexes mainly with the high FGFR4-expressing HS729-1015 cells. Both fragments yielded complexes that were competed by an Sp oligonucleotide and supershifted by Sp1 and by Sp3 antibodies. Transfection of Sp1 but not Sp3 efficiently activated FGFR4 promoter activity, an effect that was significantly more pronounced in the HS729-1015 cell line than in the low FGFR4-expressing HS729-1016 cell line. Deletion of each of the two Sp-binding sites in fragments B and C resulted in loss of promoter activity. In particular, deletion of the 5′ Sp-binding site in fragment B was associated with the greatest loss of activity. Sp1 protein expression correlated with FGFR4 expression in cell lines and primary human rhabdomyosarcomas. Furthermore, transfection of Sp1 and methylation inhibition was effective in inducing the endogenous FGFR4 gene in HS729-1015 cells. Our findings point to Sp1 as an important contributor to FGFR4 transcriptional control and elucidate a potential mechanism for the heterogenous expression of FGFR4 in neoplasms derived from the same cell lineage.
Rheumatic Fever Treated with Penicillin in Bactericidal Dosage for Six Weeks
Authors: M. E. Carter, E. G. L. Bywaters, G. T. G. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MsaICAL JOpNil subsequent days, 1.6 megaunits of oral penicillin; five subsequent weeks, 1.2 megaunits of oral penicillin; and oral penicillin 200,000 units twice daily as prophylaxis for the next five years at least.Age 11 years and over:-First five days, 2 megaunits of crystalline penicillin intramuscularly (500.030units q.d.s.); nine subsequent days, 1.2 megaunits of procaine penicillin intramuscularly (600,000 units b.d.); and four subsequent weeks, 1.2 megaunits of oral penicillin followed by prophylactic penicillin as above.
Diabetogenic effects of nifedipine.
Authors: S K Bhatnagar, M M Amin, A R Al-Yusuf
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Previous reports of peripheral nerve lesions in haemophilia have only rarely recorded or recommended surgery.Ehrman found that 37 5%, of peripheral nerve lesions in his study showed only partial or no recovery.'The rapid and complete clinical recovery shown in this case suggests that when intraneural haemorrhage is possible early surgical decompression with adequate factor VIII replacement is the treatment of choice.
Successful treatment of exophthalmos and pretibial myxoedema with plasmapheresis.
Authors: P Dandona, N J Marshall, S P Bidey, A Nathan, C W Havard
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A patient with Graves9s disease with acute progressive exophthalmos and pretibial myxoedema was treated twice with plasmapheresis. Two weeks after the first treatment the symptoms recurred, but 20 weeks after the second treatment the exophthalmos was much improved and the pretibial myxoedema had disappeared. Analysis of sequential serum IgG concentrations and the thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin index suggested that the two conditions were caused by specific IgGs. The results suggest that plasmapheresis has a useful place in the treatment of acute and rapidly progressive ophthalmopathy and pretibial myxoedema in patients with Graves9s disease.
Abstract 1695: Relationship between expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCG2) and breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Akimitsu Yamada, Takashi Ishikawa, Mariko Kimura, Daisuke Shimizu, Mikiko Tanabe, Takashi Chishima, Keiichi Kondo, Takeshi Sasaki, Itaru Endo
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Response to chemotherapy differs between intrinsic subtypes, luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like type. However, mechanisms of the difference are not known. Several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters including ABCB1 (MDR/P-gp), ABCC1 (MRP) and ABCG2 (BCRP) have been reported to be associated with chemosensitivity. Aim: The expression of the ABC transporters was comprehensively analyzed with respective to breast cancer subtypes. Patients and methods: Tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed by acquiring 5.0mm cores from representative area of surgical specimens of 219 breast cancer cases. Immunohistochemistry was performed with anti ABCB1 (C219), ABCC1 (MRPr1), and ABCG2 (BXP-21), and also estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) and Human Epidermal Receptor Growth Factor 2 (HER2). Results: TMA revealed that 219 cases were divided into Luminal A 152(69.4%), Luminal B 13 (6.0%), HER2 18(8.2%), Triple negative 36 (16.4%). ABCB1 expression was detected in 32.4% (71/219) of the patients, and was detected 36.8%, 30.8%, 27.8%, and 16.7% in Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, Triple negative subtypes, respectively (Luminal A vs Triple negative, p=0.03). ABCC1 (MRP) expression was detected in 23.9% (52/219) of the patients and was detected 18.7%,45.5%,14.3%, and 47.8 %, in Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, Triple negative subtypes, respectively (n.s). Conclusion: The expression of ABCB1 was higher in Luminal A type than in HER2 type and Triple negative breast cancer. Although further investigation is needed, the expressions of ABC transporters may, at least in part, explain the differences of chemosensitivity among subtypes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1695. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1695