tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Classic specific immunotherapy and new perspectives in specific immunotherapy for food allergy
Authors: Wesley Burks, Gary Bannon, Samuel B. Lehrer
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Food allergy is a major cause of life‐threatening hypersensitivity reactions. Food‐induced anaphylaxis is the most common reason for someone to present to the emergency department for an anaphylactic reaction. The avoidance of the allergenic food is the only method of preventing further reactions that is currently available for sensitized patients. Strict avoidance of specific foods is the accepted treatment of food‐induced allergic reactions but is often an unrealistic therapeutic option for food‐induced hypersensitivity reactions for the many reasons previously described. Desirable therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of food allergies must be safe, relatively inexpensive and easily administered. Recent advances in the understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying allergic disease and better characterization of food allergens have greatly expanded the potential therapeutic options for future use. Several different forms of immunomodulatory therapies are currently under investigation: peptide immunotherapy, mutated protein immunotherapy, allergen DNA immunization, vaccination with immunostimulatory DNA sequences and anti‐immunoglobulin E (Anti‐IgE) therapy.
Role of the Quorum-sensing System in Experimental Pneumonia due to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in Rats
Authors: Philippe Lesprit, François Faurisson, Olivier Join-Lambert, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Maryline Foglino, Christiane Vissuzaine, Claude Carbon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

The virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is partly controlled by the las quorum-sensing system. A rat model of acute pneumonia was used to investigate the pathophysiological impact of this system by comparing the virulence of the wild-type virulent laboratory strain PAO1 with that of its lasR-deleted mutant PAOR. In comparison with PAO1, PAOR was avirulent after an instillation of 106 cfu (mortality rates, 72 versus 0%, respectively; p < 0.0001). A ten-fold higher inoculum slightly increased the mortality rate induced by PAOR (25%), which remained lower than that induced by PAO1 (75%, p = 0.0001). In addition, with both inocula lung and bronchoalveolar lavage bacterial counts were significantly lower in rats infected with PAOR than with PAO1 (p </= 0.01). Histopathological analysis showed that PAO1 induced a drastic vascular congestion and neutrophil infiltration of the lungs, whereas lung injury in rats infected with PAOR was mild with predominantly macrophage infiltration. This study adds evidence that the quorum-sensing system has an important role in the pathophysiology of P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection.
Transbilayer mobility and distribution of red cell phospholipids during storage.
Authors: D Geldwerth, F A Kuypers, P Bütikofer, M Allary, B H Lubin, P F Devaux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We studied phospholipid topology and transbilayer mobility in red cells during blood storage. The distribution of phospholipids was determined by measuring the reactivity of phosphatidylethanolamine with fluorescamine and the degradation of phospholipids by phospholipase A2 and sphingomyelinase C. Phospholipid mobility was measured by determining transbilayer movements of spin-labeled phospholipids. We were unable to detect a change in the distribution of endogenous membrane phospholipids in stored red cells even after 2-mo storage. The rate of inward movement of spin-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine was progressively reduced, whereas that for phosphatidylcholine was increased. These changes in phospholipid translocation correlated with a fall in cellular ATP. However, following restoration of ATP, neither the rate of aminophospholipid translocation nor the transbilayer movement of phosphatidylcholine were completely corrected. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that red cell storage alters the kinetics of transbilayer mobility of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine, the activity of the aminophospholipid translocase, but not the asymmetric distribution of endogenous membrane phospholipids, at least at a level detectable with phospholipases. Thus, if phosphatidylserine appearance on the outer monolayer is a signal for red cell elimination, the amount that triggers macrophage recognition is below the level of detection upon using the phospholipase technique.
Haptoglobin Genotype Is a Consistent Marker of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Among Individuals With Elevated Glycosylated Hemoglobin
Authors: Leah E. Cahill, Andrew P. Levy, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Majken K. Jensen, Hong Wang, Nawar M. Shara, Shany Blum, Barbara V. Howard, Jennifer K. Pai, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Eric B. Rimm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Longevity of screenwriters who win an academy award: longitudinal study
Authors: D. A Redelmeier, S. M Singh
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine whether the link between high success and longevity extends to academy award winning screenwriters. <b>Design:</b> Retrospective cohort analysis. <b>Participants:</b> All screenwriters ever nominated for an academy award. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Life expectancy and all cause mortality. <b>Results:</b> A total of 850 writers were nominated; the median duration of follow up from birth was 68 years; and 428 writers died. On average, winners were more successful than nominees, as indicated by a 14% longer career (27.7 <i>v</i> 24.2, P=0.004), 34% more total films (23.2 <i>v</i> 17.3, P&lt;0.001), 58% more four star films (4.8 <i>v</i> 3.1, P&lt;0.001), and 62% more nominations (2.1 <i>v</i> 1.3, P&lt;0.001). However, life expectancy was 3.6 years shorter for winners than for nominees (74.1 <i>v</i> 77.7 years, P=0.004), equivalent to a 37% relative increase in death rates (95% confidence interval 10 to 70). After adjustment for year of birth, sex, and other factors, a 35% relative increase in death rates was found (7% to 70%). Additional wins were associated with a 22% relative increase in death rates (3% to 44%). Additional nominations and additional other films in a career otherwise caused no significant increase in death rates. <b>Conclusion:</b> The link between occupational achievement and longevity is reversed in screenwriters who win academy awards. Doubt is cast on simple biological theories for the survival gradients found for other members of society. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> High achievement has been associated with decreased all cause mortality for people in many different occupations Such an association is compatible with behavioural and biological theories for the role of social determinants <h3>What this study adds</h3> Screenwriters nominated for an academy award show a paradoxical survival pattern, where greater success is associated with a large decrease in life expectancy The paradox is not easily explained by talent, prestige, financial earnings, material conditions, reverse causality, measurement error, or simple demographics It might reflect the unusual lifestyles of writers, where success is not linked to exemplary conduct or control; this underscores the importance of behaviour
Treatment of sleep disorders with melatonin
Authors: A. Lerchl, R. J. Reiter
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In Europe, colorectal cancer is the most common newly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths, accounting for approximately 436 000 incident cases and 212 000 deaths in 2008. National screening programmes will increase the number of early (pT1) cancers detected. pT1 cancers are those showing invasion through the muscularis mucosae into the submucosa but not into the muscularis propria. Microstaging of pT1 cancer is crucial in predicting those cases less likely to cause nodal disease and that will be cured with endoscopic resection alone. The submucosal extent and other histological features predict the risk of nodal disease, and for this reason, en bloc resection is highly desirable. Endoscopic submucosal dissection enables en bloc resection of mucosal and submucosal disease and could reduce the need for surgery in some cases by definitive initial resection.
Survey of Physician Practice Behaviors Related to Diabetes Mellitus in the U.S.: Physician adherence to consensus recommendations
Authors: Susan J Kenny, Philip J Smith, Merilyn G Goldschmid, Jeffrey M Newman, William H Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To summarize the frequency of physician adherence to consensus recommendations for prevention of diabetic complications.Survey data from a nationwide stratified probability sample of primary-care physicians were analyzed. Adherence to recommendations were reported by physician specialty, age-group, and type of diabetes treated.Adherence was high for eye exams, blood pressure measurements, neurological and circulatory exams, and laboratory procedures using blood. Adherence was low for examination of the teeth and gums, examination of the feet, and laboratory procedures involving the collection of urine. Internists generally had the highest adherence rates and pediatricians the lowest. Reported adherence decreased with physician age. Adherence was higher for the management of individuals with IDDM than for those with NIDDM.Recommendations for the care of diabetic individuals need to be more widely implemented. Recommendations targeted specifically to pediatricians may be necessary.
Angiogenic capacity of M1- and M2-polarized macrophages is determined by the levels of TIMP-1 complexed with their secreted proMMP-9
Authors: Ewa Zajac, Bernhard Schweighofer, Tatyana A. Kupriyanova, Anna Juncker-Jensen, Petra Minder, James P. Quigley, Elena I. Deryugina
Journal: Blood (2013)
Sublingual immunotherapy for large local reactions caused by honeybee sting: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Maurizio G. Severino, Gabriele Cortellini, Patrizia Bonadonna, Elisabetta Francescato, Ilaria Panzini, Donatella Macchia, Paolo Campi, Igino Spadolini, Walter G. Canonica, Giovanni Passalacqua
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Health care providers and direct-to-consumer access and advertising of genetic testing in the United States
Authors: Melanie F Myers
Journal: Genome Medicine (2011)

Marketing pressures, regulatory policies, clinical guidelines, and consumer demand all affect health care providers' knowledge and use of health-related genetic tests that are sold and/or advertised to consumers. In addition, clinical guidelines, regulatory policies, and educational efforts are needed to promote the informed use of genetic tests that are sold and advertised to consumers and health care providers. A shift in culture regarding the regulation of genetic tests that are sold directly to consumers is suggested: by recent actions taken by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including letters sent to direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies stating that their tests meet the definition of medical devices; by public meetings held by the FDA to discuss laboratory developed tests; and by the convening of the Molecular and Clinical Genetics Panel to gather input on scientific issues concerning DTC genetic tests that make medical claims. This review provides a brief overview of DTC advertising and the regulation of pharmaceuticals and genetic tests in the United States. It highlights recent changes in the regulatory culture regarding genetic tests that are sold to consumers, and discusses the impact on health care providers of selling and advertising genetic tests directly to consumers.
Enhanced association of plasminogen/plasmin with lesional epidermis of bullous pemphigoid
Authors: H.M. GISSLER, M.M. SIMON, M.D. KRAMER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The distribution of plasminogen/plasmin, the central proteolytic component of the plasminogen activator/plasmin system was analysed in lesional skin of bullous pemphigoid by using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for distinct epitopes of the plasminogen/plasmin molecule. Four groups of MAbs were used: (i) MAbs HD-PG 1 and HD-PG 2, specific for epitopes associated with the lysine-binding sites I (kringle domain 1 + 2 + 3) and II (kringle domain 4) of plasminogen/plasmin, (ii) MAbs HD-PG 6 and HD-PG 7, specific for the lysine binding site I only, (iii) MAbs HD-PG 12 (formerly designated P 2) and HD-PG 18, specific for non-kringle domains of glu- and lys-plasminogen, and (iv) MAb HD-PG 13 which recognizes glu-plasminogen, only. The basal cell layers of normal skin consistently reacted with MAb HD-PG 12, whereas only faint staining was seen with the other MAbs in the same biopsies. In contrast, all anti-plasminogen/plasmin MAbs strongly stained lower and intermediate epidermal cell layers of fully developed bullous pemphigoid lesions.
Correlates of recurrent wheezing in school-age children. The Physicians of Raleigh Pediatric Associates.
Authors: F W Henderson, M M Henry, S S Ivins, R Morris, E C Neebe, S Y Leu, P W Stewart
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Correlates of recurrent wheezing were examined in a case-control study involving 343 children ranging from 7 to 12 yr of age and recruited from a general pediatric practice. Positive skin tests for allergy were observed in 35% of a random sample of children without recurrent wheezing, and in 77% and 90% of children who had experienced from two to four episodes and five or more episodes, respectively, of recent wheezing. By logistic regression analysis, sensitization to dust mite (odds ratio [OR]: 5.2; 95% CI: 3.0 to 9.0), cat (OR: 15.5; 95% CI: 3.4 to 70.8), and Alternaria (OR: 6.8; 95% CI: 2.1 to 21.5) antigens was consistently associated with recurrent wheezing. Sensitization to pollen antigen(s), observed in 60% of allergic children, was not associated with wheezing. A family history of asthma was a significant predictor of recurrent wheezing (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.7 to 5.9) after adjusting for its association with positive skin tests. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure was associated with an increased risk of recurrent wheezing in nonallergic children and in allergic females, but not in allergic males. ETS exposure was not associated with positive skin tests for allergy. A history of wheezing with respiratory illness before 2 yr of age was associated with a modest risk of recurrent wheezing between 7 and 12 yr of age (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2 to 4.6), a risk that did not differ by allergic status or gender. Theoretically, the prevalence of recurrent wheezing in this population could be reduced approximately 65% by controlling exposure to indoor allergens and ETS.
Prediction of effectiveness of long term β -blocker therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy from a histopathological viewpoint
Authors: Takahisa Yamada, Masatake Fukunami, Masaharu Ohmori, Kazuaki Kumagai, Akihiko Sakai, Nobuhiko Kondoh, Tetsuo Minamino, Noritake Hoki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Defective cytotoxic lymphocyte degranulation in syntaxin-11–deficient familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 4 (FHL4) patients
Authors: Yenan T. Bryceson, Eva Rudd, Chengyun Zheng, Josefine Edner, Daoxin Ma, Stephanie M. Wood, Anne Grete Bechensteen, Jaap J. Boelens, Tiraje Celkan, Roula A. Farah, Kjell Hultenby, Jacek Winiarski, Paul A. Roche, Magnus Nordenskjöld, Jan-Inge Henter, Eric O. Long, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
Journal: Blood (2007)
Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD-11
Authors: Andreas Maercker, Chris R. Brewin, Richard A. Bryant, Marylene Cloitre, Mark van Ommeren, Lynne M. Jones, Asma Humayan, Ashraf Kagee, Augusto E. Llosa, Cécile Rousseau, Daya J. Somasundaram, Renato Souza, Yuriko Suzuki, Inka Weissbecker, Simon C. Wessely, Michael B. First, Geoffrey M. Reed
Journal: World Psychiatry (2013)

The diagnostic concepts of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other disorders specifically associated with stress have been intensively discussed among neuro- and social scientists, clinicians, epidemiologists, public health planners and humanitarian aid workers around the world. PTSD and adjustment disorder are among the most widely used diagnoses in mental health care worldwide. This paper describes proposals that aim to maximize clinical utility for the classification and grouping of disorders specifically associated with stress in the forthcoming 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Proposals include a narrower concept for PTSD that does not allow the diagnosis to be made based entirely on non-specific symptoms; a new complex PTSD category that comprises three clusters of intra- and interpersonal symptoms in addition to core PTSD symptoms; a new diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder, used to describe patients that undergo an intensely painful, disabling, and abnormally persistent response to bereavement; a major revision of "adjustment disorder" involving increased specification of symptoms; and a conceptualization of "acute stress reaction" as a normal phenomenon that still may require clinical intervention. These proposals were developed with specific considerations given to clinical utility and global applicability in both low- and high-income countries.
Clindamycin-associated colonic vasculitis.
Authors: E C Sweeney, J P Sheehan
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Domperidone or metoclopramide in preventing chemotherapeutically induced nausea and vomiting Severe and sometimes intractable nausea and vomiting are common side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy.Most doctors prescribe an antiemetic to accompany cytotoxic chemotherapy, but little data exist on which is the most suitable agent.'Metoclopramide is a widely used antiemetic, but its side effects include drowsiness, extra- pyramidal effects such as dystonia or oculogyric crisis, and convulsions; these are particularly common when the recommended dose is exceeded in children.2Domperidone is a new antiemetic: that hardly penetrates the blood-brain barrier, and even at doses much greater than therapeutic ones no psychotropic or neurological effects have been observed.4We decided to compare, using a cross-over design, the efficacy of these two antiemetics in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy. Patients, methods, and resultsWe used 18 children (6 boys, 12 girls) aged 2-13 years who were selected from the paediatric oncology unit and who were receiving cyclical cytotoxic chemotherapy, which was complicated by nausea and vomiting, for a variety of malignant diseases.Either intravenous metoclopramide (0 5 mg/kg body weight) or domperi- done (up to 1 mg/kg body weight) was given in a random, cross-over design, on at least two occasions immediately before cytotoxic treatment.We did not consider it ethical to include a placebo group.Patients and parents were told that one of two drugs, both effective in controlling vomiting, would be given.Parents or nurses not participating in giving the drugs recorded prodromal symptoms, such as insomnia, anxiety, and vomiting in the 12 hours before treatment, and episodes of nausea and vomiting for a period of 36 hours after treatment.The incidence of nausea and vomiting on the 20 occasions on which the 18 patients were treated with metoclopramide and domperidone is shown in the table.Prodromal symptoms were similar in both groups.Thirteen Incidence of nausea and vomiting in 18 children who together received 20 cycles of cytotoxic chemotherapy after prophylaxis with metoclopramide or domperidone Metoclopramide Domperidone Median No of incidents of nausea 4-5 1.0 Median No of incidents of vomiting 4.0 0-5No of treatment cycles with more than one incident of nausea .16
Abstract C50: Regulation of the chemokine receptors CXCR7 and CXCR4 in 3-D culture models of prostate cancer
Authors: Debra L. Kiss, Louisa CE Windus, Vicky M. Avery
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract CXCR7 was recently identified as the second member of the chemokine receptor family to bind stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), a chemokine which is known to influence the establishment of cancer metastasis. Whilst expression of CXCR7 is highly restricted in non-malignant cells, it is widely expressed in many different tumor cell lines. In prostate cancer, a disease known to be highly regulated by the other SDF-1α -binding receptor CXCR4, CXCR7 has been found to regulate cell growth and invasion. In vivo prostate tumor biopsies show a pattern where CXCR7 expression increases with invasive grade, as previously reported for CXCR4. However, there is limited knowledge on the role of CXCR7 and its function in prostate cancer. In this study, we aim to more thoroughly characterize CXCR7 function across prostate cancer cell lines, in particular its regulation of cell growth and behavior. We will also assess its expression and function in response to its ligands and inhibitors, alongside CXCR4, in order to assess how these receptors are regulated in relation to each other. For this we employ western blotting expression studies, immunocytochemical visualization, and metabolic-based proliferation assays. Further, we will study the regulation of both CXCR7 and CXCR4 in 3D culture models of prostate cancer cell lines. Our preliminary data from 2D culture suggests that less invasive prostate cancer cell lines express higher levels of CXCR7 than more invasive cell lines, contrary to reports in vivo where CXCR7 expression was seen to increase with invasive grade. We have chosen to assess these aspects in 3D cultures of prostate cancer cell lines to determine whether culturing in 3D permits a phenotype more reflective of what has been reported for CXCR7 expression in prostate cancer in vivo. Further elucidation of CXCR7 function with respect to CXCR4 will shed light on how these receptors contribute to regulation of the metastatic process in prostate cancer – a process known to be heavily regulated by CXCR4. As CXCR4 has been established as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer, a more detailed knowledge of the CXCR7 receptor with which it shares a partial redundancy may indicate whether combinatorial therapies may be more effective in combating prostate cancer progression. Citation Format: Debra L. Kiss, Louisa CE Windus, Vicky M. Avery. Regulation of the chemokine receptors CXCR7 and CXCR4 in 3-D culture models of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C50.
Gallbladder Emptying in Normal Volunteers
Authors: CARLOS A. BUCHPIGUEL, MARCELO T. SAPIENZA, DENISE P. VEZZOZZO, ROBERTO ROCKMAN, GIOVANNI G. CERRI, ALVARO E. A. MAGALHãES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

To assess the reproducibility of and compare the patterns of gallbladder emptying after a fatty meal stimulus, the authors analyzed 10 healthy, fasting volunteers (8 men; mean age, 32 years). Cholescintigraphy was obtained after intravenous injection of 185 MBq of Tc-99m DISIDA. A standardized fatty meal was provided 70 minutes after injection. The ejection fraction was measured sequentially by ultrasound and cholescintigraphy 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after eating. All patients had repeat studies within 1-3 weeks. The two methods showed a distinct gallbladder time course of emptying after the fatty meal stimulus. Nuclear medicine showed higher values of gallbladder ejection fraction at 45 and 60 minutes after eating when compared to ultrasound (P < 0.01). The plotted curves, using the four different periods of time, also showed different behavior due mainly to distinct angular coefficients (nuclear medicine, 2.6; ultrasound, 0.9). Good reproducibility of fatty meal-induced gallbladder ejection fraction at 30, 45, and 60 minutes was also observed using both methods. Thus, ultrasound and nuclear medicine are reproducible methods of studying gallbladder dynamics. However, nuclear medicine demonstrated continued excretion of bile at 45 and 60 minutes, whereas ultrasound did not show significant volume variations in these time frames.