tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective comparison of three non-invasive tests for pancreatic disease.
Authors: P N Foster, C J Mitchell, D R Robertson, I Hamilton, H Irving, J Kelleher, D J Lintott, P J Robinson, A T Axon, M S Losowsky
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and an oral pancreatic function test were evaluated prospectively in 107 consecutive patients suspected of having pancreatic disease, the final diagnosis being made independently of these tests. Seventeen patients proved to have either chronic pancreatitis or a pancreatic neoplasm. Five had an unfused ventral pancreas and 10 had "minimal change" pancreatograms. Seventy five patients did not have pancreatic disease. Among the 17 patients with pancreatic disease the sensitivities of ultrasound, CT, and the pancreatic function test were 70%, 71%, and 76% respectively; among those without disease values of specificity of the three tests were 75%, 87%, and 72%. All three tests failed to detect most of the patients with unfused ventral pancreases or minimal change pancreatograms. The predictive values of a positive result for the three tests were 43%, 67%, and 34%. The predictive value of a negative result was greater than 90% for all the tests. Results improved when CT was combined with either of the two other tests. These findings show that CT is the most accurate of the three tests in diagnosing pancreatic disease but that a combination of ultrasound and the oral pancreatic function test offers a more widely applicable and almost as accurate alternative.
Abstract 569: Dicycloplatin, a platinum compound appears effective in treating prostate cancer
Authors: Xuqing Yang, Yi Guo, Michael D. Mueller, Jing Jie Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Dicycloplatin (DCP) is a new platinum-based drug developed in China. Due to its special structure, DCP possesses superior stability and water-solubility, compared to cisplatin and carboplatin. Experimental findings in China demonstrate low in vitro cytotoxicity of dicycloplatin against a variety of human cancer cell lines. DCP toxicity profile of 210 mg/kg of LD50 compares favorably to 14.27 mg/kg for cisplatin and 164 mg/kg for carboplatin. In vivo studies indicate that IV administration of 20 mg/kg DCP in rats is followed by 3.64 μg/g of drug distribution in the prostate. Histoculture Drug Response Assay (HDRA) confirms clinical efficacy of chemotherapy for various cancer types, including prostate cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical studies in China suggest that DCP produces fewer side effects with a maximum tolerated dose of 650 mg/m2. Patients with prostate cancer treated by DCP alone demonstrated persistent benefits. In one case, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level returned to normal after 5 consecutive dosages of 600mg administered orally every two weeks. No significant side effects were observed. Investigations of molecular mechanisms at WVU, USA suggest that DCP induces gene signature profile in human ovarian cancer cells through mechanisms similar to other platinum drugs. In conclusion, dicycloplatin may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for patients with prostate cancer and further investigations in animal and preclinical tests are warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 569.
Polymastia and Renal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: JAMES J. GOEDERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

After two patients with renal adenocarcinoma were found to have polymastia, we did a survey in which six of 32 patients with renal cancer had this anomaly. This finding is substantially higher than the expected frequency of 0.3 based on surveys of the general population, and accessory nipples were not found in a comparison group of 32 patients with head and neck cancer. An excess of renal anomalies was found among the patients with renal cancer, including duplicate arteries among those with accessory nipples. Family members also seemed prone to renal anomalies and certain neoplasms, notably of the kidney and brain.
Abstract 5498: Prognostic tools to predict the efficacy of anticancer drug treatment targeting Chromatin DNA or enzymes acting on DNA
Authors: Narasimharao Nalabothula, Douglas D. Ross, France Carrier
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract There is currently no prognostic tool that can predict or monitor a cancer patient's response to anticancer drugs targeting chromatin DNA or enzymes acting on DNA. Cancer patients generally receive chemotherapy without the possibility to determine a priori whether the proposed regimen will be effective. We have developed a simple quantitative assay to measure the efficiency of Topoisomerase 2 (Topo2) inhibitors on genomic DNA (gDNA). The technique combines PCR-stop assay to real time PCR (RT-PCR). Prior reports have demonstrated that Topo2 poisons such as VP16 (etoposide) and Doxorubicin, induce prominent DNA cleavage in the P2 promoter of the c-myc gene. Therefore, we have optimized the design of primers complimentary to the sequence of Topo2 sites in the c-myc locus to suit the sensitivity of real time PCR detection. In PCR-Stop assay, the extent of locus-specific DNA damage sustained by the cells is inversely proportional to the levels of DNA amplification. The PCR-stop-RT-PCR assay was first carried out on gDNA isolated from normal and cancer cells that were either untreated or treated with a combination of Histone Deacetylase and Topo2 inhibitors. Our data indicate that the levels of DNA damage correlate with the levels of histone H2AX phosphorylation and are proportional to the efficiency of the drug combination as measured by survival assays. The potential clinical application of the assay was tested on PBMC of two leukemia patients treated with oral VorinostatSAHA (400 mg/day for three days). Our data indicate that Vorinostat increased the sensitivity of both patients PBMC to VP-16 by about 40%. One main advantage of this technique is that it uses small amounts of sample DNA (50-100 ng) to assess the efficiency of a particular drug or drug regimen. This assay could be used as a diagnostic tool for pre-clinical or clinical assessment of drug efficiency, evaluation of regimen suitability for a given patient and determination of optimal drug doses. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5498.
Risk of Ulcerative Colitis among Former and Current Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Edward J. Boyko, Thomas D. Koepsell, David R. Perera, Thomas S. Inui
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We performed a case-control study of the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of acquiring ulcerative colitis among the 304,000 members of a health maintenance organization. Smoking histories before the date of the onset of ulcerative colitis were compared in 212 cases and an equal number of controls matched for age and sex who were selected from the enrollment file of the health maintenance organization. The relative risk of ulcerative colitis among current cigarette smokers as compared with nonsmokers was 0.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 1.0); however, among former cigarette smokers it was 2.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.7). These values remained after adjustment for socioeconomic factors and for coffee and alcohol consumption. The higher risk among former smokers could not be explained by postulating that smokers gave up tobacco near the time of disease onset because of early symptoms of ulcerative colitis. The relative risk of ulcerative colitis among former smokers increased in proportion to the cumulative number of cigarettes smoked before the onset of disease, suggesting a causal relationship between this exposure and disease occurrence. No difference in risk was observed among current smokers according to cumulative amount smoked. We conclude that former and current tobacco use may have opposite effects on the risk of acquiring ulcerative colitis. (N Engl J Med 1987; 316:707–10.)
Phase II Study of Tc-99m MAG3 in Patients with Nephrourologic Diseases
Authors: KAZUO ITOH, ERIKO TSUKAMOTO, HIDEHIRO KAKIZAKI, KATSUYA NONOMURA, TOMOHIKO KOYANAGI, MASAYORI FURUDATE, KANJI TORIZUKA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Tc-99m-labeled mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-99m MAG3) is a recently introduced radioagent that is excreted by tubular function. The aim of this study was to test Tc-99m MAG3 as an imaging agent for renal scintigraphy and renal plasma flow measurement. Image quality was tested with four different administered doses of Tc-99m MAG3, 100 MBq, 200 MBq, 300 MBq and 400 MBq, in four patients each. All administered doses except 100 MBq were sufficient for visible inspection of the nephrogram and drainage images; however, an administered dose higher than 300 MBq was necessary to maintain the quality of the blood perfusion image. The blood clearance with Tc-99m MAG3 or I-131 orthoiodohippurate (I-131 OIH) was calculated within the same day by the single blood sampling method. The blood clearance with Tc-99m MAG3 was 1.2-fold lower than with I-131 OIH, but correlated well (OIH = 91.34 ± 0.932 MAG3, r = 0.953, P < 0.001). The blood clearance with Tc-99m MAG3 also correlated with the percentage of renal uptake estimated by the count-based gamma camera method at 1.5 to 2.5 minutes after injection (ERPF = -59.13% ± 16.87% uptake, r = 0.845, P < 0.01). The mean labeling yield of Tc-99m MAG3 was 97%. None of the patients complained of side effects from Tc-99m MAG3. Tc-99m MAG3 is concluded to have good properties as a tubular radioagent for dynamic renal scintigraphy and renal plasma flow measurement.
Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis for leg ulcers in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Takuro Kanekura, Yuji Mochitomi, Shizuyo Fujimoto, Koichi Kawahara, Ikuro Maruyama, Tamotsu Kanzaki
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Adnexal polyp of neonatal skin
Authors: A. HIDANO, T. KOBAYASHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

The adnexal polyp of neonatal skin is a small, usually solitary tumour of the skin occurring mostly on the areola of the nipple of the neonate. Our statistics reveal an incidence of 4-0% in 3,257 newborn infants. Histologically it always contains hair follicles, eccrine glands and vestigial sebaceous glands, hence the term 'adnexal polyp of neonatal skin' is proposed. No similar report has been hitherto recorded.
Use of chromosome engineering to model a segmental deletion of chromosome band 7q22 found in myeloid malignancies
Authors: Jasmine C. Y. Wong, Yan Zhang, Kenneth H. Lieuw, Mary T. Tran, Erna Forgo, Kelley Weinfurtner, Pilar Alzamora, Scott C. Kogan, Keiko Akagi, Linda Wolff, Michelle M. Le Beau, Nigel Killeen, Kevin Shannon
Journal: Blood (2010)
Model-Based Verification of Hypotheses on the Origin of Modern Japanese Revisited by Bayesian Inference Based on Genome-Wide SNP Data
Authors: Shigeki Nakagome, Takehiro Sato, Hajime Ishida, Tsunehiko Hanihara, Tetsutaro Yamaguchi, Ryosuke Kimura, Shuhei Mano, Hiroki Oota
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Various hypotheses for the peopling of the Japanese archipelago have been proposed, which can be classified into three models: transformation, replacement, and hybridization. In recent years, one of the hybridization models ("dual-structure model") has been widely accepted. According to this model, Neolithic hunter-gatherers known as Jomon, who are assumed to have originated in southeast Asia and lived in the Japanese archipelago greater than 10,000 years ago, admixed with an agricultural people known as Yayoi, whom were migrants from the East Asian continent 2,000–3,000 years ago. Meanwhile, some anthropologists propose that rather, morphological differences between the Jomon and Yayoi people can be explained by microevolution following the lifestyle change. To resolve this controversy, we compared three demographic models by approximate Bayesian computation using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (gwSNP) data from the Ainu people who are thought to be direct descendants of indigenous Jomon. If we assume Chinese people sampled in Beijing from HapMap have the same ancestry as Yayoi, then the hybridization model is predicted to be between 29 and 63 times more likely than the replacement and transformation models, respectively. Furthermore, our data provide strong support for a model in which the Jomon lineages had population structure diversified in local areas before the admixture event. Initial divergence between the Jomon and Yayoi ancestries was dated to late Pleistocene, followed by the divergence of Jomon lineages at early Holocene. These results suggest gwSNP data provides a detailed picture of the complex hybridization model for Japanese population history.
Interventional Radiology of the Biliary Tract
Authors: P. V. Kavanagh, E. van Sonnenberg, G. R. Wittich, B. W. Goodacre, E. M. Walser
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Interventional radiology provides a range of management options applicable to a broad spectrum of patients with biliary tract disorders. This review highlights the importance of these procedures, and illustrates their safety and effectiveness. Percutaneous transcatheter decompression has a well-established role in the management of patients with benign and malignant biliary obstruction. The advent of metallic stents has greatly increased the value of these techniques. Patients with biliary tract calculi can be successfully treated with a variety of percutaneous techniques, obviating surgery and providing a useful alternative to endoscopic methods. Finally, percutaneous cholecystostomy has evolved as a valuable adjunct in the treatment of calculous cholecystitis, as well as providing the definitive cure for many patients with acalculous cholecystitis.
Letter by Lacout et al Regarding Article, “Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Patients Presenting With Cardiogenic Unilateral Pulmonary Edema”
Authors: Alexis Lacout, Pierre Yves Marcy, Triet Ngo
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Patients PresentingWith Cardiogenic Unilateral Pulmonary Edema," which appeared in
LEFT VENTRICULAR DIAMETER FOR CLASSIFICATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SIZE IN PATIENTS WITH VALVULAR HEART DISEASE: IS THERE A ROLE FOR INDEXING TO BODY SIZE?
Authors: Smadar Kort, Upasna Malhotra, Aditi Malhotra, Jie Yang, Qiao Zhang, Luis Gruberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effect of Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy on Coronary Endothelial Vasomotor Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Joseph A. Vita, Alan C. Yeung, Michael Winniford, John M. Hodgson, Charles B. Treasure, J. Larry Klein, Steven Werns, Morton Kern, Diane Plotkin, W. Joseph Shih, Yale Mitchel, Peter Ganz
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Improved endothelial function may contribute to the beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy. Methods and Results —In this randomized, double-blind study, we compared the effect of 6 months of simvastatin (40 mg/d) treatment with that of placebo on coronary endothelial vasomotor function in 60 patients with coronary artery disease. Simvastatin lowered LDL-cholesterol by 40±12% from 130±28 mg/dL ( P &lt;0.001). Peak intracoronary acetylcholine infusion produced epicardial coronary constriction at baseline in both the simvastatin (−17±13%) and placebo (−24±16%) groups. After treatment, acetylcholine produced less constriction in both groups (−12±19% and −15±14%, respectively, P =0.97). The increase in coronary blood flow during infusion of the peak dose of substance P was blunted at baseline in both the simvastatin (42±50%) and placebo (55±71%) groups, reflecting impaired endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary microvessels. After treatment, the flow increase was 82±81% in the simvastatin group and 63±53% in the placebo group ( P =0.16). Conclusions —Six months of cholesterol-lowering therapy has no significant effect on coronary endothelial vasomotor function in the study population of patients with coronary artery disease and mildly elevated cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that the effects of cholesterol lowering on endothelial function are more complex than previously thought.
Return of splenic function after splenectomy: how much tissue is needed?
Authors: G R Corazza, C Tarozzi, D Vaira, M Frisoni, G Gasbarrini
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Ninety patients whose spleen had been removed either because of trauma (41 cases) or as an elective procedure (49) were investigated for return of splenic function by counting pitted red cells and examining spleen scans made after injection of heat damaged 99mTc labelled red cells. There was no significant difference in the proportion of pitted red cells between the two groups of patients. Evidence of splenic tissue in scintiscans was not invariably associated with low pitted red cell values, suggesting that the presence of splenic tissue did not necessarily mean return of splenic function. In every patient whose proportion of pitted red cells was less than 16.2% the scintiscan showed splenic uptake. The proportion of patients with pitted red cell values below 16.2% was significantly higher in the group operated on for trauma, and it is concluded that this was due to splenosis. A high inverse correlation between pitted red cell counts and computed splenic volumes was found. Patients with pitted red cell values of less than 16.2% had computed volumes of 22-133 cm3; below this range the proportion of pitted red cells rose very sharply. These results confirm that splenosis occurs in adults, though less often than in children, and suggest that when splenic tissue is to be implanted a graft of at least 20-30 cm3 is needed to ensure satisfactory return of splenic function.
SIGNIFICANCE OF CHANGES IN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM WHICH RESULT FROM SHOCK THERAPY
Authors: MARGARET A. KENNARD, M. DORRIT WILLNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

1. In a series of 58 patients receiving shock therapy the character of the preshock EEG record was found to be directly related to age and to severity of clinical disorder. 2. There was an unusually high incidence of abnormal records in this series. 3. The degree of change in EEG which resulted from shock therapy was related to the type of preshock record. Those records which were abnormal, fast or paroxysmal preceding shock were those which changed most during shock therapy. 4. It is therefore probable that the preshock record is of diagnostic and prognostic importance as related to treatment of psychotic patients by electric shock.
Physical diseases in university students.
Authors: S E Finlay
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Students are healthy people. Their arrival in the university indicates that they possess the stamina to withstand academic stress and the ability to take a degree. Despite this, studies on the 1968 and 1969 entrants to Nottingham University showed that, of 2923 undergraduates, 471 (160) failed to graduate on time and 340 (120%') failed to graduate at all. Men failed almost twice as often as women. Of those who failed, 22% had severe, or moderately severe, mental health problems compared with about 7% of all students. Physical ill health was the main cause of failure in less than 3%' of students and was of minor impor tance. During the academic year 1975-6 there were 5945 full-time registered students at Nottingham University, and 6704 individuals, both students and staff, saw the doctors or nursing sisters on 26 440 occasions. Table I shows the pattern of student morbidity. It was culled from the health service reports of various universities and was not specific to Nottingham University. The pattern repeats itself year after year, and variations between universities probably owe more to the diagnostic habits of doctors than to real differences in morbidity patterns.
The association of left ventricular ejection fraction, mortality, and cause of death in stable outpatients with heart failure
Authors: Jeptha P Curtis, Seth I Sokol, Yongfei Wang, Saif S Rathore, Dennis T Ko, Farid Jadbabaie, Edward L Portnay, Stephen J Marshalko, Martha J Radford, Harlan M Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 2316: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition: Interplay between E-Cadherin and HGF/SF-Met signaling
Authors: Chong-Feng Gao, Elizabeth A. Haak, Yanli Su, Eric Hudson, Karl Dykema, George F. Vande Woude, George F. Vande Woude
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract During malignant progression, primary tumor cells switch from proliferative to invasive phenotypes and switch again at low frequency to form proliferating metastases. The acquisition of the invasive phenotype through epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (E-M-T) is a critical step in tumor progression, as is the mesenchymal-epithelial-transition (M-E-T) reverting to a proliferative colony or metastases. To study the mechanism(s) underlying phenotypic switching, we isolated HGF/SF-inducible invasive mesenchymal (M) and non-invasive epithelial (E) subclones from prostate and ovarian carcinoma cell lines based on three dimensional branching morphogenesis assays. We show that invasive M subclones can be generated from originally homogeneous non-invasive E subclones and phenotype switching occurs with loss of E-Cadherin and concomitant gain of Met signaling. By contrast, tumor xenograph formed by invasive M subclones partially revert to epithelial phenotype with gain of E-Cadherin and loss of HGF/SF-Met signaling, suggesting an interplay between E-Cadherin and HGF/SF-Met signaling in regulating reversible phenotypic switching. We have further studied the mechanisms regulating phenotypic switching. Our results explicate how intrinsic alteration in tumor cell properties (E-M-T) and extrinsic signals from microenvironment (HGF/SF) interact in regulating tumor phenotypic switching. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2316.
Patient Decision Aids for Prostate Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: G. A. Lin, D. S. Aaronson, S. J. Knight, P. R. Carroll, R. A. Dudley
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2009)

Treatment decision-making can be difficult and complex for patients with low-risk prostate cancer. To the authors' knowledge, there is no consensus regarding an optimal treatment strategy and the choice of therapy involves tradeoffs between differing harms and benefits that are sensitive to patient values. In such situations, patients are often asked to participate actively in the decision-making process, and high-quality decisions require a well-informed patient whose values and preferences have been taken into consideration. Prior studies have indicated that patients have poor knowledge and unrealistic expectations regarding treatment, and physician judgments concerning patient preferences are often inaccurate. Decision aids (DAs) have been developed to help inform patients with low-risk prostate cancer about treatment options and assist in the decision-making process; however, little is currently known regarding the effects of such programs in this population. Thirteen studies of DAs for patients with prostate cancer were reviewed and it was found that the use of DAs can improve knowledge, encourage more active patient involvement in decision-making, and decrease levels of anxiety and distress. The effect of DAs on treatment choice was less clear, although fewer patients chose surgery compared with historical controls, particularly in Europe. Further studies are needed to determine how best to implement DAs into practice, and whether they improve the consistency between patient preferences and treatment choice.