tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ocular toxicity due to rifampicin.
Authors: F E Cayley, S K Majumdar
Journal: BMJ (1976)

in vertex presentation (rate ratio was 1 1 for spontaneous, low forceps, and mid-forceps deliveries, but 0 9 for caesarean sections and 0 8 for breech deliveries). CommentIt is recognised that demonstrable trauma associated with difficult operative vaginal delivery, resulting in bruising, leads to neonatal jaundice.When such clinically apparent cases were excluded by Campbell et al,> however, they still found more instrumental pro- cedures in the jaundiced group.We would suggest that operative instrumental delivery may cause focal haemorrhages that are not readily detectable in the infant, but may nevertheless subsequently be manifested by the appearance of jaundice.
1948: a turbulent gestation for the NHS
Authors: G. Macpherson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This year is the 50th anniversary of Britain's National Health Service. On 5 July 1948 Aneurin Bevan, minister of health in the postwar Labour government, launched “a unique experiment in social engineering.”1 The experiment continues, but the public has long since judged it a success, even though that success has become tarnished in the 1990s.

The NHS's gestation, however, was described by Bevan—in a classic understatement—as “not … altogether trouble-free.”2 Certainly, the months between December 1945, when the health minister made his first major policy statement to parliament, and the “appointed day” in 1948 were a turbulent period in medicopolitics. The unfolding dramas were faithfully chronicled by the BMJ , and in this opening issue of the anniversary year the journal publishes it first “filler” on the NHS selected from the issues of 50 years ago (p 20). Others will appear during the year, but not necessarily in …
Irreproducible Results, The Journal of
Authors: Stanley A. Rudin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> When you published a review on<i>The Journal of Irreproducible Results</i>a few months ago (<i>JAMA</i><b>187:</b>875 [March 14] 1964), I was so deluged with subscriptions and requests for information that my data-processing system (my wife) broke down. This was complicated by the fact that the Department of Psychology at Dalhousie University began confining its attention to pigeons and white rats, so that I (a clinical-personality-social psychologist) found it expedient to pack myself, my papers, and my now-incoherent data-processing system and head for greener pastures. Letters for me were therefore packed and in storage for two to four months (if they arrived before I moved) or were forwarded from Canada to Lexington, Ky (if they were sent after I moved). I diligently forwarded them all to Chief Editor Kohn in Israel, but since the trip there takes four to six weeks, and since the periodical comes
1080 TRICELLULIN AND EZH2 EXPRESSIONS DIFFERENTIATE FETAL AND EMBRYONAL COMPONENTS IN HUMAN EPITHELIAL HEPATOBLASTOMA
Authors: K. Schlachter, M. Gyugos, J. Halász, I. Kenessey, Z. Jakab, M. Garami, P. Nagy, A. Kiss, Z. Schaff
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The AU-rich sequences in the 3' untranslated region mediate the increased turnover of interferon mRNA induced by glucocorticoids.
Authors: K Peppel, J M Vinci, C Baglioni
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Different vectors were constructed that expressed the human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) mRNA constitutively and contained various deletions in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). AU-rich sequences in the 3' UTR were specifically deleted in two vectors. Cell lines secreting human IFN-beta were established by transfecting murine L929 cells with the vectors. These cells showed similar levels of IFN-beta mRNA and secreted comparable amounts of IFN-beta, indicating that the deletion of AU-rich sequences had no effect on the stability and little effect on the efficiency of translation of this mRNA. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone was previously shown to increase the turnover of IFN-beta mRNA. This activity of dexamethasone was clearly observed only in cells expressing IFN-beta mRNA with AU-rich sequences in the 3' UTR. The increased turnover of this mRNA occurred in the presence of cycloheximide; therefore, it did not require synthesis of new proteins. These findings suggest that glucocorticoids may activate a ribonuclease that degrades mRNAs containing AU-rich sequences in the 3' UTR.
Osseous Hydatid (Echinococcus) Disease
Authors: William F. Hutchison
Journal: JAMA (1962)

HYDATID DISEASE in man is caused by the larval form of 2 small tapeworms, Echinococcus granulosas and<i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i>. Through the investigations of Rausch and Vogel it is now known that<i>E. granulosus</i>is the cause of unilocular and osseous hydatid disease while<i>E. multilocularis</i>causes alveolar hydatid disease. Normally, in the domestic cycle of<i>E. granulosus cattle</i>, sheep, and swine are the intermediate hosts, and the definitive host is usually the dog. Man also serves as an intermediate host for this parasite. The normal habitat for the adult stage of the tapeworm,<i>E. granulosus</i>, is the small intestine of the dog. Eggs passed in the feces and ingested by almost any mammal, including man, hatch in the duodenum, penetrate the intestinal wall, enter venules, and are carried to the liver, while others may pass to the lungs and other organs of the body. Dew found that 76.6% of human
More Checks Than Balances in the Struggle for Health Care Reform
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The founding fathers would be pleased to know that the checks and balances of U.S. democracy are still working — as demonstrated by current activity surrounding the Democrats' health care reform effort. But in recent weeks, there have been more checks than balances, as disagreements have sharpened over how broadly to expand governmental powers and how to pay for reform and slow the growth of health care expenditures. With virtually all Republicans skeptical about, if not outright opposed to, the proposed reforms, and with Democrats increasingly torn by intraparty conflicts, the odds against enacting President Barack Obama's vision of fundamental . . .
RESTORATION OF A LOST CHEEK BY A FLAP FROM THE SHOULDER.
Authors: Edmund Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1883)

This operation, so far as I know, is new; at least, I find no example of it among the works of reference at present accessible to me, and it is of importance as showing that for plastic operations on the side of the face one may use the shoulder freely as a source of flaps. Case 11,707, Andrew's Surgical Record, May 18, 1882.—The patient was a young woman about twenty-two years of age. During the previous year she had received the discharge of a shot-gun close to her face, passing obliquely from the front backward and outward. The right cheek, from the angle of the mouth backward nearly to the ear, was torn away, stripping the jaws down to the periosteum. The teeth were not injured, but a few scales of bone afterwards exfoliated from the side of the body of the lower jaw. The masster muscle was injured, but
The Wanless report and public health
Authors: D. J Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis with multisystem involvement. Its protean manifestations and mimicry of several neoplastic and inflammatory conditions often lead to late diagnosis, when severe functional impairment or life-threatening disease has occurred. Prognosis remains poor, although published data on the use of interferon α (IFN-α) and BRAF inhibitors have expanded therapeutic options. <b>Objective:</b> To compare patterns of disease presentation and factors influencing the outcomes of patients with ECD, with emphasis on cardiopulmonary organ involvement. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively examined clinical, radiologic and pathologic records in 8 patients diagnosed with ECD in 3 tertiary centres from Jan 2006 to Dec 2015. <b>Results:</b> Median age at diagnosis was 56 years old. Progressive dyspnea was the most common symptom (88%). Median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 13 months. Neurological, skeletal, cardiopulmonary, vascular and renal involvement were most common. All patients had radiographic lung involvement, with varying degrees of functional limitation: interlobular septae or fissural (75%), pleural (63%), nodular (63%), ground glass (50%), fibrosis or honeycombing (25%), consolidation (25%), cysts (13%). Most patients had cardiac (atrial, pericardial) and vascular (peri-aortic) involvement. Lung biopsy was diagnostic in only one patient. Three patients tested positive for the BRAFV600E mutation. Four of 5 patients who received pegylated IFN-α survived at 3 years. <b>Conclusions:</b> Cardiopulmonary involvement in ECD may be more common than previously described, although with varying degrees of functional limitation. Pegylated IFN-α is efficacious in most instances.
Occurrence of polymyalgia rheumatica in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: R G Palmer, P J Prouse, J M Gumpel
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Occurrence of polymyalgia rheumatica in rheumatoid arthritis Polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis may be difficult to differentiate in elderly patients.Polymyalgic symptoms are common in the prodromal phase of rheumatoid arthritis and, as specific diagnostic tests do not exist for either condition, criteria for diagnosis of the diseases are based largely on clinical features.I 2 The presence ofsynovitis similar to rheumatoid arthritis in some patients with polymyalgia rheumatica causes further problems.3It is generally thought, however, that polymyalgia rheumatica does not occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; indeed, a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis has been used as a criterion for excluding polymyalgia rheumatica.34We report the occurrence of polymyalgia rheumatica in patients who already had rheumatoid arthritis.
MUC1-C Oncoprotein Functions as a Direct Activator of the Nuclear Factor-κB p65 Transcription Factor
Authors: Rehan Ahmad, Deepak Raina, Maya Datt Joshi, Takeshi Kawano, Jian Ren, Surender Kharbanda, Donald Kufe
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is constitutively activated in diverse human malignancies. The mucin 1 (MUC1) oncoprotein is overexpressed in human carcinomas and, like NF-kappaB, blocks cell death and induces transformation. The present studies show that MUC1 constitutively associates with NF-kappaB p65 in carcinoma cells. The MUC1 COOH-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) cytoplasmic domain binds directly to NF-kappaB p65 and, importantly, blocks the interaction between NF-kappaB p65 and its inhibitor IkappaBalpha. We show that NF-kappaB p65 and MUC1-C constitutively occupy the promoter of the Bcl-xL gene in carcinoma cells and that MUC1-C contributes to NF-kappaB-mediated transcriptional activation. Studies in nonmalignant epithelial cells show that MUC1-C interacts with NF-kappaB in the response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces the recruitment of NF-kappaB p65-MUC1-C complexes to NF-kappaB target genes, including the promoter of the MUC1 gene itself. We also show that an inhibitor of MUC1-C oligomerization blocks the interaction with NF-kappaB p65 in vitro and in cells. The MUC1-C inhibitor decreases MUC1-C and NF-kappaB p65 promoter occupancy and expression of NF-kappaB target genes. These findings indicate that MUC1-C is a direct activator of NF-kappaB p65 and that an inhibitor of MUC1 function is effective in blocking activation of the NF-kappaB pathway.
Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Relationship with Personality and Psychopathology Measures
Authors: Michael Bagby, Graeme J. Taylor, David Ryan
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) is a 26-item self-report measure of alexithymia with good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and a factor structure congruent with the alexithymia construct. This study assesses the construct validity of the scale by examining its relationship with several personality and psychopathology measures. In a sample of 81 college students, the TAS correlated strongly and positively with a measure of hypochondriasis but negatively with measures of psychological mindedness and 'need for cognition'. There were low-magnitude correlations between the TAS and measures of self-depreciation, social introversion, persecutory ideation, and impulse expression, but no correlation with a measure of denial. These results indicate that the TAS is assessing adequately the theoretical domain relevant to its item and factor structure.
Digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in chronic liver disease
Authors: Sien-Sing Yang, Jacob Korula, James E. Sundheimer, Anthony J. Keyser
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Digoxin-like immunoreactive substances, which cross-react with digoxin antibody, have been found to have natriuretic effect and Na + ,K + -ATPase inhibitory effect. The role of digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in chronic liver disease was studied by radioimmunoassay in 63 serum and 60 urine samples from 58 patients with chronic liver disease and compared with 16 controls. Although the mean serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substances level of compensated chronic liver disease patients (0.06 ± 0.05 ng per ml, p &lt; 0.01) was higher than that of controls (0.02 ± 0.03 ng per ml), only four patients had serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substances higher than 0.10 ng per ml. Mean serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substances level was much higher in patients with decompensated chronic liver disease who had ascites (0.32 ± 0.17 ng per ml, p &lt; 0.001), hepatorenal syndrome (0.57 ± 0.20 ng per ml, p &lt; 0.001) and hepatic encephalopathy (0.43 ± 0.20 ng per ml, p &lt; 0.001). Five patients with recent variceal hemorrhage requiring transfusions and saline infusion had significantly increased serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (mean: 0.16 ± 0.06 ng per ml, p &lt; 0.001) before the development of clinically detectable ascites. The serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substances level was positively correlated with serum total bilirubin (r = 0.581, p &lt; 0.001), AST (r = 0.454, p &lt; 0.001), serum creatinine (r = 0.539, p &lt; 0.001), urine digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (ng of urine digoxin-like immunoreactive substances per gm of urine creatinine, r = 0.578, p &lt; 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=−0.604, p &lt; 0.001), prothrombin activity (r=−0.589, p &lt; 0.001), serum sodium (r=−0.685, p &lt; 0.001) and urine sodium (mEq of urine sodium per gm of urine creatinine; r=−0.476, p &lt; 0.001). The present study shows increased serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in decompensated chronic liver disease. The negative correlation between serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substances and urine sodium suggests that digoxin-like immunoreactive substances level is higher in patients having low urinary sodium output. This finding may be explained by a possible renal insensitivity to digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in decompensated chronic liver disease.
PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS IN EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNE FEVER
Authors: Richard K. Root, Sheldon M. Wolff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

When rabbits sensitized to human serum albumin (HSA) are challenged intravenously with specific antigen, fever develops and two transferable pyrogens can be demonstrated in the circulation. The first appears prior to the development of fever and has properties consistent with soluble antigen-antibody complexes. These have been shown to be pyrogenic when prepared in vitro and to produce a state of febrile tolerance when repeatedly administered. The second pyrogen, demonstrable during fever in donor rabbits, appears to be similar to endogenous pyrogen described in other experimental fevers. It is postulated that the formation of antigen-antibody complexes constitutes an important initial phase of the febrile reaction in this type of immune fever.
A Novel Use of Equilibrium Frequencies in Models of Sequence Evolution
Authors: Nick Goldman, Simon Whelan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Current mathematical models of amino acid sequence evolution are often applied in variants that match their expected amino acid frequencies to those observed in a data set under analysis. This has been achieved by setting the instantaneous rate of replacement of a residue i by another residue j proportional to the observed frequency of the resulting residue j. We describe a more general method that maintains the match between expected and observed frequencies but permits replacement rates to be proportional to the frequencies of both the replaced and resulting residues, raised to powers other than 1. Analysis of a database of amino acid alignments shows that the description of the evolutionary process in a majority (approximately 70% of 182 alignments) is significantly improved by use of the new method, and a variety of analyses indicate that parameter estimation with the new method is well-behaved. Improved evolutionary models increase our understanding of the process of molecular evolution and are often expected to lead to improved phylogenetic inferences, and so it seems justified to consider our new variants of existing standard models when performing evolutionary analyses of amino acid sequences. Similar methods can be used with nucleotide substitution models, but we have not found these to give corresponding significant improvements to our ability to describe the processes of nucleotide sequence evolution.
What does the Ultimatum Game mean in the real world?
Authors: Randolph C. Grace, Simon Kemp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

The predictive validity of the ultimatum game (UG) for cross-cultural differences in real-world behavior has not yet been established. We discuss results of a recent meta-analysis (Oosterbeek et al 2004), which examined UG behavior across large-scale societies and found that the mean percent offers rejected was positively correlated with social expenditure.
INDIUM-lll LABELLED ANTI EGFr-425 SCINTIGHAPHY IN THE DETECTION OF MALIGNANT GLIOMAS
Authors: S Dadparvar, L Krishna, S J Brown, C Miyamoto, L W Brady, D V Woo, J G Emrich, W J Slizofski, A Chevres
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Dadparvar, S; Krishna, L; Brown, S J; Miyamoto, C; Brady, L W; Woo, D V; Emrich, J G; Slizofski, W J; Chevres, A Author Information
Is the Match Illegal?
Authors: Sanders H. Chae
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A class-action lawsuit claiming that “the Match” (the National Resident Matching Program) violates antitrust laws was filed against the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and several teaching hospitals. The author argues that the Match interferes with the free market and lowers salaries for residents, but the lawsuit may not be successful, given previous court decisions suggesting that antitrust laws apply only to conventional business situations.
ESAs Further Restricted, but Debate Continues
Authors: V. Brower
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

patients, stating that blood transfusions are the preferred method of correcting anemia.March 2008.ODAC recommends that ESAs stay on the market but that labeling should change to indicate that patients who are receiving curative treatment should not take ESAs; but they did not recommend restricting its use to certain cancers.March 2008.JCO study by Smith et al. suggests that ESAs do not statistically significantly reduce transfusions and are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events, thrombovascular events, and death in cancer patients who are anemic and taking darbepoetin but not receiving chemotherapy.February 2008.A meta-analysis in JAMA by Bennett et al. demonstrates that ESAs are associated with greatly increased risks of venous thromboembolism and death in 9,000 patients.November 2007.FDA labeling change warns of increased tumor progression, blood clots, and death in patients with advanced head and neck, breast, lymphoid, and non -small-cell lung cancers.November 2007.ASCO/ASH issue updated guidelines for ESA use.July 2007.CMS limits reimbursement of ESAs to treatment initiated at hemoglobin levels less than 10 g/dL.May 2007.ODAC recommends restrictions on ESAs; asks about limiting use in certain tumor types, setting new hemoglobin levels for starting therapy, and limiting time used after chemotherapy.March 2007.FDA adds "black box" warning to use lowest possible dose of ESAs for anemia.December 2006.DAHANCA head and neck cancer trial is stopped early because of negative results in treated patients.November 2006.FDA issues safety alert, updated in February and March 2007.May 2006.Updated meta-analysis published in JNCI by Bohlius et al. shows that ESA treatment substantially reduced risk for transfusions and risk of thrombovascular events.May 2004.ODAC discusses safety and recommends more double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with survival as primary endpoint.2002.Darbepoetin is approved for cancer patients with anemia.1993.Epoetin alfa is approved for chemotherapy-associated anemia.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Antonio Marzocchi, Francesco Saia, Giancarlo Piovaccari, Antonio Manari, Enrico Aurier, Alberto Benassi, Alberto Cremonesi, Gianfranco Percoco, Elisabetta Varani, Paolo Magnavacchi, Paolo Guastaroba, Roberto Grilli, Aleardo Maresta
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The long-term safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents (DES) have been questioned recently.Between July 2002 and June 2005, 10,629 patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention with either DES (n=3064) or bare-metal stents (BMS, n=7565) were enrolled in a prospective registry comprising 13 hospitals. We assessed the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events (death, acute myocardial infarction, and target-vessel revascularization) and angiographic stent thrombosis during 2-year follow-up. A propensity score analysis to adjust for different baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics was performed. The 2-year unadjusted cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events was 17.8% in the DES group and 21.0% in the BMS group (P=0.003 by log-rank test). Angiographic stent thrombosis was 1.0% in the DES group and 0.6% in the BMS group (P=0.09). After adjustment, the 2-year cumulative incidence of death was 6.8% in the DES group and 7.4% in the BMS group (P=0.35), whereas the rates were 5.3% in DES and 5.8% in BMS for acute myocardial infarction (P=0.46), 9.1% in DES and 12.9% in BMS for target-vessel revascularization (P<0.00001), and 16.9% in DES and 21.8% in BMS for major adverse cardiac events (P<0.0001). Independent predictors of target-vessel revascularization in the DES group were diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.76), renal failure (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.69), and reference vessel diameter (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.93).In this large real-world population, the beneficial effect of DES in reducing the need for new revascularization compared with BMS extends to 2 years without evidence of a worse safety profile.
Circulatory Effects of Guanethidine
Authors: D. W. RICHARDSON, E. M. WYSO, J. H. MAGEE, G. C. CAVELL
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Guanethidine, a new synthetic hypotensive drug that probably interferes with release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings and that does not inhibit parasympathetic activity, has proved an effective agent in reducing blood pressure in 25 hypertensive patients studied for periods up to 6 months. Untoward effects have been limited to orthostatic hypotension and mild diarrhea. The drug apparently lowers blood pressure by reduction in cardiac output rather than by relaxation of the arterioles. Reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate accompanied administration of the drug, but in no case did progressive azotemia or oliguria occur. This agent is an extremely potent hypotensive drug with a remarkably prolonged duration of action and with none of the parasympatholytic side effects produced by ganglionic-blocking agents.