tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HEREDITARY PREMATURE SENESCENCE OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The occurrence of hereditary premature senescence in a family of pure bred Belgian hares belonging to a rabbit-breeding colony organized for the investigation of constitutional problems, has been described. Representatives of 20 generations of the complex have been studied. The condition was a degeneration of variable degrees of severity and two principal forms were recognized, the acute and the chronic, the chronic being the more frequent. The chronic form has now been described in terms of the principal local or external manifestations; that is, degeneration of the coat and skin, lesions of the eyes and feet, and reproductive abnormalities, and of the general deterioration which in severe cases pursued a progressive course characterized by muscle wasting, fat reduction, emaciation, weakness, and death. The acute form will be described in the next paper (2).
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CERTAIN OCULOMOTOR PHENOMENA WITH RESPECT TO SOME RECENT THEORIES OF ASTHENOPIA.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: F. B. EATON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

That physiology is the basis of scientific medicine is generally recognized. Medical students are taught that physiologic processes and the known laws governing them, form the foundation of our knowledge of the pathologic conditions with which we have to deal,—a criterion of the value of clinical observation; the base-line from which we are to estimate every real or apparent deviation from the normal functions of the human body. More especially is this true as regards ophthalmology, in many respects the most scientific department of medicine. Nevertheless, there have appeared in our ophthalmic literature, during the past five years, a number of theories which, when critically analyzed have little or no substantial scientific foundation. While it is true that our knowledge of ocular physiology is incomplete, yet those physicians whose educational training has disciplined their minds to act logically; to habitually analyze the evidence presented; to refer phenomena if possible to
Focal Pulmonary Edema
Authors: SERAFIN TIU, DAVID LIU, ELISSA L. KRAMER, JOSEPH J. SANGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Pulmonary embolism is diagnosed by a mismatched perfusion-ventilation lung scan. The probability is increased further when there is an associated "hot spot" in the perfusion study caused by focal pulmonary edema.
Rethinking Eligibility Criteria for Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Justin B. Dimick, Nancy J. Birkmeyer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prospective Comparative Study with Intracavernous Sodium Nitroprusside and Prostaglandin E&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Luis Mart&iacute;nez-Pi&ntilde;eiro, Ricardo Cort&eacute;s, Ernesto Cuervo, Jorge L&oacute;pez-Tello, Jes&uacute;s Cisneros, Jos&eacute; A. Mart&iacute;nez-Pi&ntilde;eiro
Journal: European Urology (1998)
Half of Russia's doctors face sack in healthcare reforms
Authors: Andrew Osborn
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Russia is to undertake a root and branch reform of its creaking Soviet-era healthcare system that could see half the country's medical professionals given the sack.

   ![][1] 

Vladimir Putin wants to reform the bloated bureaucracy of Russia's healthcare system

Credit: YURI KADOBNOV/AFP/GETTY

Russia's health service has not been seriously reformed since the collapse of the USSR in 1991, and it now has severe funding shortages. …

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Consensus-based definition of unfitness to intensive and non-intensive chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia: a project of SIE, SIES and GITMO group on a new tool for therapy decision making
Authors: F Ferrara, G Barosi, A Venditti, E Angelucci, M Gobbi, F Pane, P Tosi, P Zinzani, S Tura
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Junior doctors step up campaign over pay
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The uptake of estradiol-17 beta(beta-D-glucuronide) (E(2)17G), estriol-16 alpha(beta-D-glucuronide (E(3)16G), estradiol-17 beta-3-(beta-D-glucuronide) (E(2)3G) and taurocholate (TC) into hepatocytes isolated from male and female rats was examined and found to be linear for at least 75 sec and to exhibit Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Vmax (nanomoles per minute per milligram of protein) for uptake in female rat hepatocytes ranged from 0.56 for TC to 2.32 for E(3)16G and from 0.89 for TC to 1.62 for E(2)17G in males. For TC, E(2)17G and E(2)3G, the Vmax for uptake was the same or higher in males, whereas for E(3)16G the Vmax was approximately 2-fold higher in females. The Km for TC was approximately equal in males and females, whereas for E(2)17G and E(3)16G, males exhibited a 3- to 9-fold lower Km. The rate of uptake of E(2)17G (100 microM) was decreased in the presence of carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (23%), 2,4-dinitrophenol (54%), potassium cyanide (38%), iodoacetic acid (46%) and rotenone (50%) and was reduced by 30 to 40% when sodium was replaced with lithium or choline or in the presence of ouabain. The rate of uptake of all the organic anions was reduced by 80 to 85% at 0-4 degrees C and the cell/medium concentration ratios at 75 sec (37 degrees C) exceeded 1. Thus, the steroid glucuronides are taken up by the hepatocyte by a saturable process; E(2)17G uptake was found to be partially dependent upon metabolic energy and an intact sodium gradient. Substrate-dependent differences in the rate of uptake between male and female rat hepatocytes were also seen.
Nitric Oxide and Symptom Reduction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Joseph T. Coyle
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Maximum Permissible Dose
Authors: R. R. Newell
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The title of my contribution inThe Journal, Jan. 21, p. 227, does not put the emphasis where I wish to have it put. Since your headline writer seems to have missed my point, I assume that I did not make the point clearly enough, and I am now apprehensive, lest those who read the essay also misunderstand it. I was talking about fear of injury to oneself by irradiation, not about the degree of hazard encountered in industry. I was trying to dispel the growing conviction of hazard in occupations in which film badges are used to eliminate hazards. I was trying to undo an evil that I am partly responsible for, as a member of the National Committee on Radiation Protection. The effect of radiation, diminishing as the exposure is made smaller, becomes unobservable for a certain range of exposures, but is presumed to continue
Endocannabinoids in liver disease
Authors: Joseph Tam, Jie Liu, Bani Mukhopadhyay, Resat Cinar, Grzegorz Godlewski, George Kunos
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators of the same cannabinoid (CB) receptors that mediate the effects of marijuana. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of CB receptors, endocannabinoids, and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation, and it is present in both brain and peripheral tissues, including the liver. The hepatic ECS is activated in various liver diseases and contributes to the underlying pathologies. In patients with cirrhosis of various etiologies, the activation of vascular and cardiac CB(1) receptors by macrophage-derived and platelet-derived endocannabinoids contributes to the vasodilated state and cardiomyopathy, which can be reversed by CB(1) blockade. In mouse models of liver fibrosis, the activation of CB(1) receptors on hepatic stellate cells is fibrogenic, and CB(1) blockade slows the progression of fibrosis. Fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet or chronic alcohol feeding depends on the activation of peripheral receptors, including hepatic CB(1) receptors, which also contribute to insulin resistance and dyslipidemias. Although the documented therapeutic potential of CB(1) blockade is limited by neuropsychiatric side effects, these may be mitigated by using novel, peripherally restricted CB(1) antagonists.
Postmenopausal Estrogen Replacement and Risk for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Jill Miller, Benjamin K.S. Chan, Heidi D. Nelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Postmenopausal estrogen replacement is widely used in the United States but poses important health risks. Purpose: To assess the risk for venous thromboembolism with postmenopausal estrogen replacement by using literature review and meta-analysis. Data Sources: All relevant English-language studies identified in searches of the MEDLINE (1966 to December 2000), HealthSTAR (1975 to December 2000), and Cochrane Library databases, and references lists of key articles. Study Selection: All published studies of postmenopausal estrogen replacement reporting venous thromboembolism as an outcome or adverse event. Data Extraction: 12 studies of estrogen were identified (3 randomized, controlled trials; 8 case–control studies; and 1 cohort study). Data were extracted on participants, interventions, event rates, and confounders. Two reviewers independently rated study quality on the basis of established criteria. Data Synthesis: A Bayesian meta-analysis was conducted. When data from all studies were pooled, current estrogen use was associated with an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (relative risk, 2.14 [95% credible interval, 1.64 to 2.81]). Estimates did not significantly change when studies were pooled according to study design, quality score, or whether participants had preexisting coronary artery disease. The absolute rate increase was 1.5 venous thromboembolic events per 10 000 women in 1 year. Six case–control studies that reported risk according to duration of use found that risk was highest in the first year of use (relative risk, 3.49 [credible interval, 2.33 to 5.59]). Conclusion: Postmenopausal estrogen replacement is associated with an increased risk for venous thromboembolism, and this risk may be highest in the first year of use.
Newborns with Massive Intestinal Loss: Difficult Choices
Authors: D A Caniano, G A Kanoti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Before total parenteral nutrition was possible, most infants with extensive intestinal loss died of starvation and infection. The ability to provide sufficient calories intravenously has permitted the survival of many infants with short intestines. For these patients, however, total parenteral nutrition has been viewed as a temporary, adjunctive therapy that allows the residual intestine time to undergo a complex adaptive process for sustaining enteral feeding. Infants with intestinal loss so massive as to make the possibility of enteral nutrition uncertain or unlikely pose an ethical dilemma.Consider the following case, of a neonate who had extensive loss of the small . . .
Similarity between mycobacterial and human epidermal antigens
Authors: TH.W.VAN DEN AKKER, B. NAAFS, A.H.J. KOLK, E.DE GLOPPER-VAN DER VEER, R.A.M. CHIN, A LIEN, TH.VAN JOOST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Eight out of 17 mouse anti‐Mycobacterium leprae monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were previously observed to react with human nerve and skin antigenic determinants in cryostat sections, using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. These observations suggested that antigenic mimicry may be involved in the development of the clinical manifestations of leprosy. In the present study we have extended our earlier findings by investigating sera from leprosy patients and MAb using Western blot technique. It was observed that 30 sera and their corresponding F(ab')2 fragments from isolated IgG fractions of both tuberculoid and lepromatous patients reacted with 40–50 epidermal proteins of molecular weights (MW) ranging from 10 to 130 kDa. Sera from 14 controls, however, showed similar reactivity patterns. Absorption of nine patient and control sera with M. tuberculosis, M. marinum and M. kansasii resulted in the removal of several components of different MW in nine, four and three cases, respectively. No consistent differences between sera from leprosy patients and controls were observed. Four out of eight MAb against M. leprae which reacted with determinants in human epidermis and/or dermis in skin cryostat sections reacted with epidermal proteins of MW higher than 39 kDa in Western blot. Four MAb which showed reactivity in cryostat sections did not react in Western blot. Another four MAb did react with human epidermal proteins in Western blot but did not react in cryostat sections, indicating that the MAb were reacting with different epitopes in the two systems. Five MAb did not react with human epidermal proteins either in cryostat sections or in Western blot. Because all sera that were investigated contained antibodies against antigenic determinants of epidermal proteins, some of which are shared with M. leprae and cultivatable environmental mycobacteria, it is tempting to speculate that antigenic mimicry could be involved in autoimmune skin diseases which are induced and/or maintained by environmental micro‐organisms.
A bin is a bin by any other name
Authors: J. A. McFadyen
Journal: BMJ (2009)

With regard to the article by Sales and McKenzie,1 the real questions are as follows. Is it morally right to incarcerate in prison people who are seen as mentally ill? If not, can the overstretched and inadequate mental health system cope with treating them and at the same time maintain the public’s safety? As Peter O’Loughlin argues …
Psychosocial Constraints on the Important Decision-Maker
Authors: LESTER GRINSPOON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Although institutions may take impressive steps to safeguard the physical health of their highest decision-makers, they tend to ignore and in fact exclude provision for safeguarding vital interpersonal needs. The successful executive experiences a restriction of freedom in his relationships with other people, lessened objectivity and candidness among his subordinates, and increasing isolation and loneliness. There is no easy way for decision-makers and institutions to compensate for these psychosocial constraints, but the importance of devising some means seems clear.
It's Over, Debbie
Authors: Derek Humphry
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —If the physician who helped Debbie to die 1 had acted as he did in Holland now, or in America in the future when the Humane and Dignified Death Act is passed, he would be prosecuted.  Dutch rules, and the proposed act in the United States, are clear that a request to be helped to die must be in writing and must have been carefully considered. Also, two physicians must agree that the patient is dying. The family must be informed but cannot veto the patient's wishes.  You have done a service to both the medical profession and patients by publishing this essay and demonstrating in at least one instance how poorly hospitals handle such requests for euthanasia.  Incidentally, 20 mg of morphine is not likely to be a fatal dose. My guess is that it put the poor young woman into a sleep, during which she
Effect of Phenazocine on Respiration
Authors: Richard Berkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The authors investigated the claim that phenazocine in effectively analgesic doses depresses respiration less than do equally analgesic doses of morphine. The subjects were 10 normal young men and 11 older patients with cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hepatic disease. In addition to the respiratory rate a number of other criteria of ventilatory activity were used, including the response to inhalation of 4% and 6% CO<sub>2</sub>in air. It was found that 4 mg. of phenazocine depressed the respiration more profoundly than did 15 mg. of morphine or 1.5 mg. of oxymorphone.
Abstract 2779: Plasma carotenoids and DNA methylation status modulate prostate cancer aggressiveness
Authors: L Joseph Su, Jovanny Zabaleta, Tung-Chin Chiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men. Many low grade prostate cancer would never progress further through the life of the patients. Identifying nutritional factors that may be associated with epigenetic factors associated with high aggressive prostate cancer could potentially prevent the progression of prostate cancer. Methods: A pilot study was conducted to examine the association between plasma carotenoids concentrations and DNA methylation status previously found to be associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness, defined using clinical criteria abstracted from medical records at time of prostate cancer diagnosis. Among 88 newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients (47 African Americans and 41 Caucasians), cancer on 18 subjects were classified as high aggressive and 70 subjects as low or intermediate aggressive. The GoldenGate Methylation Cancer Panel I was used to obtain DNA Methylation data. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured using High-performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of variance adjusting for age, race, and body mass index was used to evaluate the relationship between plasma carotenoids concentration and DNA methylation status among the low and the intermediate aggressive prostate cancer cases. Results and Conclusions: This study found that EYA4, IGF1, PALM2AKAP2, and SNRPN were less likely to be hypomethylated (p &amp;lt; 0.05) among subjects with higher plasma lutein-zeaxanthin level. Similarly, Elevated plasma lycopene is inversely associated with hypomethylation at EYA4, FYN, and SNRPN. Both EYA4 and IGF1 genes have previously demonstrated with anti-apoptotic function; while SNRPN have tumor suppressor function. The result of this pilot study suggests that carotenoids may modulate DNA methylation, possibility through their antioxidant property, that affects the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2779. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2779
The Effect of Different Types of Intrauterine Devices on the Risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: David W. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A case-control study of 155 women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and 305 controls with other conditions was carried out. Compared with other methods of contraception, the age-adjusted relative risk estimate for use of any intrauterine device (IUD) within one month of admission was 8.6 (95% confidence limits, 5.3 and 13.8); for past use, the estimate was 1.6 (confidence limits, 0.6 and 4.0). The estimated risk was highest for users of the Dalkon Shield (11 cases and two controls), lowest for users of copper-containing devices (40 cases and 34 controls), and intermediate for users of other IUDs, principally the Lippes Loop (32 cases and 23 controls). Compared with copper-containing IUDs, the relative risk estimate for the Dalkon Shield was 6.5 (confidence limits, 1.5 and 27.5). When the Dalkon Shield and copper-containing IUDs were compared, in turn, with the Lippes Loop, the estimated risk was increased for the former and reduced for the latter, but the differences were not statistically significant. Nine of the 11 cases using the Dalkon Shield (82%) had severe PID (diagnosed at surgery or because of purulent cervical discharge), compared with 12 of 40 copper device users (30%) and nine of 32 Lippes Loop users (28%). The risk of PID did not seem to be related to duration of use of any of the three IUDs. This study confirms that IUD use increases the risk of PID. It also suggests that the Dalkon Shield is more harmful than other devices. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:759-762)