tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Double‐Blind Comparative Trial of Nuelin Depot and TheoDur with Adjusted Dosage in Asthmatic Adults
Authors: Kjell Erik Langaker, Karin Osmundsen, Jan Erik Bredesens, Per Knut M. Lunde
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Equivalent doses of two sustained release preparations of theophylline, Nuelin Depot and TheoDur, were compared in a double blind, cross‐over study. Twenty adult outpatients with COLD were given adjusted doses of the two preparations to reach a peak value of theophylline in steady state within the therapeutic range. The study consisted of two 14‐day periods and airway function parametres, plasma concentrations, asthma symptoms, and side effects were recorded the last day in each period. In addition morning PEER, use of beta 2 Stimulant aerosol and number of nightly attacks were recorded daily. As judged from the peak‐trough variation of 24.8 μmol for Nuelin Depot and 26.3 μmol/1 for TheoDur as well as the t max of 4.3 hours for Nuelin and 3.6 hours for TheoDur, both products produced a similar plasma profile. No statistically significant differences were found between the two preparations with respect to airway function parameters, relief of asthma symptoms, need for beta 2 ‐stimulant aerosol or side effects. In conclusion these two sustained release preparations should be considered equivalent for practical use.
Treating Acute Urinary Retention
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE LOCAL TREATMENT OF BURNS ON A NAVAL HOSPITAL SHIP
Authors: R. J. Willan
Journal: BMJ (1916)

I9Itbrilliant green.By so doing we more frequently get pure ciltures of the organisms of the group, and where they are not present we much more often succeed in obtaining sterile plates.Stokes and Clarke adopt pretty much the same techlnique.If we put the faeces direct into brilliant green poptone water it is exceptional to get pure cultures or negative plates.Frequently the medium is decolorized, and when it is decolorized we may be sure that colon bacilli are present in abundance.On the other hand, by the modification I have adopted decolorization of the medium is very uncommnon; indeed, it is practically im- possible to tell whether there is growth or not in brilliant green until after we have plated out.When likely colonies are obtained, the same routine is adopted as in tlle case Qf the direct plates.They are transferred to lactose peptone water.If after forty-eight hours no fermentation results, the organism is tested on glucose, m-annite, duleite, maltose and broth, and then submitted to the final test of agglutination by specific serums.The.direct plates were examined by the wlhole laboratory staff-five in all-whereas tlle indirect method was carried on througlhout by myself.That alone indicates the savincg of work of which tlle method is capable.Results of the Examiniation of 1,023 Specimens.No.of R .Cases wth Lactose Carried Necessary| Actul Result. LilselFer-y to other Agglutina-i.Colonies.
An Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Lapatinib Plus Trastuzumab Plus Paclitaxel in First-Line HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Authors: F. Esteva, S. Franco, M. Hagan, R. Somer, C. Dombroski, A. Florance, S. Turner, S. Stein, A. Perez
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Trastuzumab given concomitantly with paclitaxel is an established first-line metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatment; however, approximately 30% to 40% of patients show no response as defined by RECIST to this combination. Lapatinib is an oral dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR and HER2 and approved, in combination with capecitabine, after trastuzumab-based therapy for HER2+ MBC. The differing mechanisms of action may allow synergy between lapatinib and trastuzumab when given concurrently with paclitaxel for MBC.Methods: This is an open-label phase I safety study. The primary objective of the study was to assess the safety and tolerability of lapatinib when administered with concurrent paclitaxel and trastuzumab. Patients were enrolled into 1 of 3 cohorts. Cohort 1 received lapatinib (1000 mg/d), paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle), and the standard weekly dose of trastuzumab. Cohort 2 received lapatinib (1000 mg/d), paclitaxel (70 mg/m2), and trastuzumab. Cohort 3 received lapatinib (750 mg/d), paclitaxel (80 mg/m2), and trastuzumab. Patients: were 3+ by IHC or FISH amplified for HER2; had not received prior treatment in the metastatic setting; and had an ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. Safety was assessed weekly and tumor response per RECIST every 8 weeks. Treatment continued until disease progression or toxicity. All patients received prophylactic loperamide per protocol amendment.Results: Open-label safety enrollment is complete and preliminary safety data are available for all 63 patients. The most frequently reported AEs for all cohorts were diarrhea (81%), fatigue (71%), rash (68%), nausea (59%), alopecia (56%), and vomiting (37%). Dehydration was the most frequently reported serious AE (SAE) (n=6; 10%) and most were in cohort 1 (5 patients). Diarrhea of any grade was reported for 97% of patients in cohort 1, 93% of patients in cohort 2, and 50% of patients in cohort 3. No grade 4 or 5 diarrhea events were reported. The proportion of patients with a maximum toxicity of grade 3 diarrhea was 62% in cohort 1, 43% in cohort 2, and 20% in cohort 3. Two patients (both in cohort 1) reported diarrhea as a serious AE and a total of 4 patients (6%) had lapatinib withdrawn due to diarrhea (none in cohort 3).Conclusions: Preliminary safety results show a high incidence of grade 3 diarrhea when lapatinib was given at a dose of 1000 mg/d concurrently with paclitaxel and trastuzumab. This incidence was significantly reduced with a lapatinib dose of 750 mg/d in combination with paclitaxel and trastuzumab when given with loperamide. Final safety and efficacy data, including overall response and progression-free survival, from this open-label safety study will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5085.
TCT-172 Clinical Outcome of Complex Patients Treated With Second-Generation Zotarolimus-Eluting Resolute vs. Everolimus-Eluting Xience V Stents: Insight From 2-Year Follow-up of TWENTE
Authors: Hanim Sen, Kenneth Tandjung, Ming Kai Lam, Mounir W. Basalus, Martin G. Stoel, F. de Man, Hans W. Louwerenburg, Gert van Houwelingen, Gerard C. Linssen, Mark B. Nienhuis, Job van der Palen, Clemens von Birgelen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hypoxanthine, xanthine, and urate in synovial fluid from patients with inflammatory arthritides.
Authors: B Gudbjornsson, A Zak, F Niklasson, R Hallgren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

As nucleotide catabolism increases during tissue injury the appearance of purine metabolites in inflamed synovial fluid might be of value in understanding the joint damage in inflammatory arthritides. In this study, therefore, synovial and plasma concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and urate in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (three with psoriatic arthropathy) were analysed. It was found that their plasma concentrations of hypoxanthine were greater than those of a reference group of healthy subjects. The synovial fluid concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and urate were higher than corresponding concentrations in plasma. Positive correlations were found between the respective plasma and synovial fluid values of xanthine and urate. These findings indicate a local enhanced purine metabolism in inflamed joint tissue and diffusion of oxypurines from joint cavity to plasma. No relation was found between measured metabolites and disease duration, radiological joint findings, or synovial fluid cells. Except for a weak correlation between plasma urate and serum haptoglobin, measured purine metabolites were not related to laboratory measures of systemic inflammation.
Hospital safety incidents in Medicare patients cost $6.9bn a year
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In hospital, Medicare patients, all those 65 and older in the United States, experience a serious, preventable safety event every 1.7 minutes, according to the latest analysis by the healthcare consulting company HealthGrades. Although some of the 15 measured incidents rose or fell slightly in the past year, overall there was no change in safety from last year’s report. 

The study used proprietary metrics to analyse data generated by the Medicare programme in the years 2005-7. It tallied 913 215 safety events, which cost an estimated $6.9bn (£4.7bn; €5.2bn) in additional healthcare spending.

The most common events were failure to rescue, decubitus ulcers, and respiratory failure after operation, …
The Hunterian Heritage
Authors: M. Page
Journal: BMJ (1951)

a John Hunter was born 222 years ago and died in her fell the main responsibility for John's upbringing, October of 1793, on the same day that Marie Antoinette as her husband died when John was 13 years old.was guillotined in Paris.He was sent to school at Kilbride, but seems to To-day we once again commemorate his life and have been little
Improved bacteriological data are needed to give uniform reporting of tuberculosis in Europe
Authors: V. Schwoebel, A. Perrocheau, J. Veen, H. L Rieder, M. C Raviglione
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Comparative assessment of the incidence of tuberculosis in Europe has been hampered by differences in national surveillance systems. 1 2 In 1996 the project “EuroTB” was initiated. It was based on three recommendations3:

View this table:

Bacteriological information on cases of pulmonary tuberculosis …
Rhomboideus major muscle metastasis as an initial clinical manifestation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: S Baser
Journal: Thorax (2004)

A 54 year old man was referred by his primary care physician for further evaluation of a 4 month history of progressive swelling over his right scapular region. He had complained of a mildly productive cough for 2 months and a weight loss of 4 kg during the past month. He was a smoker of 35 pack years. Physical examination revealed a painful mass fixed on the right scapular region (fig 1). The rest of the chest examination was normal.



 Figure 1  
 Mass 10 × 10 × …
Pharmacological and Psychological Determinants of Smoking
Authors: STANLEY SCHACHTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Arguments for and against low-nicotine cigarettes are examined by considering evidence relevant to the gratifications of smoking and to nicotine as an addicting agent. A variety of studies indicate that smokers regulate nicotine intake and that variations in smoking rate that customarily have been interpreted in psychological terms are better understood as attempts to regulate nicotine. These findings bring into question the justification for the low-nicotine cigarette campaign.
Glocal Bioethics: When International IRB Collaboration Confronts Local Politics
Authors: Edward S. Dove, Vural Özdemir
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Barchi, Singleton, and Merz (2014) present a heuristic for streamlining international ethics review, at least for multisite research that presents de minimis risk. We agree that a heuristic can be ...
CD5‐negative phenotype of monoclonal B‐lymphocytosis of undetermined significance (MLUS)
Authors: Chen Wang, Dominick Amato, Bernard Fernandes
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Monoclonal B lymphocytosis of undetermined significance (MLUS) is a benign condition of clonal lymphocytosis. Because of its clonal small lymphocytes and indolent clinical course, MLUS resembles and may be indistinguishable from an early stage of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this study we characterized the immunophenotype of MLUS. The clonal B lymphocytes from three patients of typical MLUS were shown to be CD5 − and CD23 − phenotype. Their immunophenotypic features remained unchanged during the clinical course. The results indicate a distinct immunophenotype of MLUS that can be useful for its diagnosis and differentiation from CLL. Am. J. Hematol. 69:147–149, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upper Airway Sensation in Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: R. JOHN KIMOFF, EMILIA SFORZA, VICTORIA CHAMPAGNE, LINDA OFIARA, DANIEL GENDRON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Previous studies indicate that upper airway (UA) sensory receptors play a role in the maintenance of UA patency and contribute to arousal in response to airway occlusion. An impairment of UA sensory function could therefore predispose to UA obstruction during sleep. We hypothesized that UA sensation is impaired in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and that sensation improves after treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We measured two-point discrimination (2PD) and vibratory sensation thresholds (VT) in 37 patients with OSA (mean [ ± SE] apnea– hypopnea index [AHI] = 39 ± 5 events/h), 12 nonapneic snorers (SN), and 15 control subjects (CL). Sensory thresholds were determined in the UA and on the lip and hand as control sites. Both 2PD and VT were similar among the three groups at the lip and hand sites but were significantly reduced in the UA of OSA and SN subjects versus CL (p < 0.05). Values for 2PD and VT in the UA of OSA versus SN were not significantly different. Sensory measures were repeated after 6 mo in 23 OSA patients treated with CPAP as well as in 18 untreated patients. Thresholds for 2PD and VT at control sites remained identical in both groups, as did 2PD for the UA. However, VT in the UA showed a significant improvement in treated (4.4 ± 0.2 pre-CPAP versus 3.8 ± 0.2 mm post-CPAP, p < 0.05) but not untreated patients. These findings indicate the presence of a selective impairment in the detection of mechanical stimuli in the UA of patients with OSA and SN, which is partially reversible after treatment with nasal CPAP in patients with OSA.
Why theories of word learning don't always work as theories of verb learning
Authors: Letitia R. Naigles
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Bloom's theory of word learning has difficulty accounting for children's verb acquisition. There is no predominant preverbal event concept, akin to the preverbal object concept, to direct children's early event-verb mappings. Children may take advantage of grammatical and linguistic information in verb acquisition earlier than Bloom allows. A distinction between lexical and grammatical learning is difficult to maintain for verb acquisition.
Abstract 135: Apoptotic cell death triggering in the prostate carcinoma cell line PC3 by the anoikis effector Bit1
Authors: Hector R. Biliran, Kelly E. Leleux, Jolisha S. Eubanks, Shubha K. Ireland
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Highly aggressive cancer cells often are associated with resistance to caspase-dependent apoptosis, due, in part to loss in function or mutation in caspase effectors. Such apoptotic defects in caspase signaling pathway may provide a selective growth advantage for tumor cells and potentiate their aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we test the responsiveness of the highly aggressive prostate cancer cell line PC3 cells to the apoptotic function of the novel, caspase-independent anoikis effector Bcl2 inhibitor of transcription (Bit1). Overexpression of the cytoplasmic localized Bit1 in PC3 cells results in significant induction of apoptosis as evidenced by the increased levels of histone-DNA fragments. Furthermore, PC3 cells transfected with the mitochondrial localized Bit1 exhibit significant apoptosis following loss of cell attachment as compared to vector treated cells, and such induction of anoikis is associated with increased levels of Bit1 in the cytosol. In contrast, both the control and Bit1 transfected PC3 cells show the same level of spontaneous apoptosis when grown attached to a culture dish. We also tested whether Bit1 alters the chemoresistant phenotype of PC3 cells. Consistent with the induction of anoikis sensitivity, overexpression of mitochondrial Bit1 also renders PC3 cells more sensitive to etoposide-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, the Bit1-mediated apoptosis in PC3 cells is correlated with increased NFkappa B activity as evidenced by increased nuclear translocation and transcription factor activity of the p65 subunit. Taken together, these findings indicate that activation of the caspase-independent Bit1 apoptotic pathway may serve as a preferred alternate approach in triggering apoptosis in aggressive prostate cancer cells. Bit1 may thus serve as a future therapeutic target for the treatment and alleviation of the chemoresistance characteristic of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 135.
Management of psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: E. Kuipers, A. Yesufu-Udechuku, C. Taylor, T. Kendall
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Psychosis is relatively common, with schizophrenia being the most prevalent form of psychotic disorder, affecting about seven in 1000 adults, with onset typically occurring between the ages of 15 and 35.1 These disorders, which are characterised by distressing hallucinations and delusions, disturbed behaviour, and memory and motivation problems, present a major personal,2 social,3 clinical,4 and financial5 challenge. Moreover, poor physical health is strongly associated with schizophrenia, with men dying 20 years earlier than the general population and women dying 15 years earlier,6 7 mainly from illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV infection, hepatitis C, and tuberculosis.8 Difficulties in people with severe mental illness accessing general medical services in primary and secondary care contribute to reduced life expectancy.9 Although many people with psychosis and schizophrenia respond to antipsychotic drugs initially, around 80% relapse within five years, partly because they discontinue medication,10 which for many people has unacceptable side effects. However, although around 75% of people with schizophrenia recurrently relapse and have continued disability,10 there is a moderately good long term global outcome in over half.11 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on managing psychosis and schizophrenia in adults.12 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Care across all phases—physical health
Brain and Behavior. Vol. 1. Proceedings of the First Conference, 1961
Authors: George B. Udvarhelyi
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This unorthodox volume is the result of a gathering of eminent specialists in the Brain Research Institute of the University of California Medical Center in Los Angeles. The conference was an effort to facilitate interdisciplinary communication. Authorities in various fields related to<i>Brain and Behavior</i>presented their results of analysis of each of the modalities of somatic sensibility, audition, and vision. Dr. Magoun and Dr. Fremont-Smith express in the introductory remarks their scholarly opinions about the origin of ideas, "the role of impressions made on our senses by outward objects" (Locke), and about the unitarian concept of science itself. The text brings us beautiful presentations of the 3 main sensory systems: 1) the somatic system (155 pages), 2) the auditory system (86 pages), 3) the visual system (130 pages). The presentations are intimately associated with group discussions and the free associations of the discussants are truthfully recorded in the text.
Low serum adiponectin is associated with high circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease
Authors: Riikka Lautamäki, Tapani Rönnemaa, Risto Huupponen, Terho Lehtimäki, Patricia Iozzo, K.E. Juhani Airaksinen, Juhani Knuuti, Pirjo Nuutila
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Living Hazards and Physician's Lives
Authors: Edward K. Isaacson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In almost all periodicals—medical or nonmedical— repeated pleas from various safety groups request that automobile manufacturers incorporate various additions to future models so that we can save ourselves. Why should we ask industries to waste their money and ours by cluttering up our lethal mobile weapons with items that will not be used? In the past the "groups" and the public demanded seat belts—and we now have them. However, how many are in actual use? I am the rare freak that uses mine even though my wife and children usually do not use them unless I insist— and then only with growling. The public just<i>does not</i>worry about existence. They no longer feel that "this cannot happen to me," but they do not want to be involved and think about it. We have progressed medically, scientifically, and in all areas except in mass intelligence. This may
Application of DNA arrays to toxicology.
Authors: J C Rockett, D J Dix
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

DNA array technology makes it possible to rapidly genotype individuals or quantify the expression of thousands of genes on a single filter or glass slide, and holds enormous potential in toxicologic applications. This potential led to a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-sponsored workshop titled "Application of Microarrays to Toxicology" on 7-8 January 1999 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. In addition to providing state-of-the-art information on the application of DNA or gene microarrays, the workshop catalyzed the formation of several collaborations, committees, and user's groups throughout the Research Triangle Park area and beyond. Potential application of microarrays to toxicologic research and risk assessment include genome-wide expression analyses to identify gene-expression networks and toxicant-specific signatures that can be used to define mode of action, for exposure assessment, and for environmental monitoring. Arrays may also prove useful for monitoring genetic variability and its relationship to toxicant susceptibility in human populations.