tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Zafirlukast for Mild-to-Moderate Asthma
Authors: Samy Suissa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

The increasing costs of managing asthma are due in part to the introduction of new medications, such as leukotriene receptor antagonists. These antagonists interfere with the action of leukotrienes, which are implicated in bronchoconstriction and the formation of airway edema in patients with asthma. Leukotriene receptor antagonists must be shown to be clinically and economically effective for their clinical use to be justified.To assess the clinical and economic effectiveness of zafirlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma who might benefit from regular anti-inflammatory therapy.Randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial.28 outpatient clinics.146 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma who were 12 years of age or older, had not smoked cigarettes in the previous 6 months, had a smoking history of less than 10 pack-years, had an FEV1 at least 55% of the predicted value with no upper limit, had demonstrated bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and were symptomatic during the 7-day run-in period. All patients were seen every 2 to 3 weeks for 13 weeks.103 patients received zafirlukast (20 mg twice daily), and 43 patients received placebo (twice daily). All patients received inhaled beta-agonists as needed.Data were obtained from medical examinations, patient questionnaires, and daily diaries. The clinical effectiveness outcomes were days per month without asthma symptoms, limitation of activity, use of beta-agonists, sleep disturbance, and episodes of asthma (the latter was a composite measure made up of the first four outcomes plus the occurrence of adverse events). The economic effectiveness outcomes were frequency and type of unscheduled health care contacts, use of beta-agonist inhalers, consumption of nonasthma medications, and days of absence from work or school.The zafirlukast group had 89% more days without symptoms (adjusted rates, 7.0 compared with 3.7 days per month; P = 0.03), 89% more days without use of beta-agonists (adjusted rates, 11.3 compared with 6.0 days per month; P = 0.001), and 98% more days without episodes of asthma (adjusted rates, 10.1 compared with 5.1 days per month; P = 0.003). They also had 55% (95% CI, 19% to 74%) fewer health care contacts (18.5 compared with 40.7 per 100 per month; P = 0.007) and 55% (CI, 3% to 79%) fewer days of absence from work or school (15.6 compared with 35.0 per 100 per month; P = 0.04). They used 17% fewer canisters of inhaled beta-agonists (P = 0.17) and 19% less nonasthma medication (P < 0.2).A daily regimen of zafirlukast added to as-needed inhaled beta-agonists is more effective than beta-agonists alone in treating mild-to-moderate asthma. The clinical and economic effectiveness of zafirlukast, a potential alternative to inhaled corticosteroids, provides further impetus to use regular "preventive" therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma.
Relationship of H-ras-1, L-myc, and p53 polymorphisms with lung cancer risk and prognosis.
Authors: A Weston, N E Caporaso, L S Perrin, H Sugimura, S Tamai, T G Krontiris, B F Trump, R N Hoover, C C Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Proto-oncogenes (H-ras-1 and L-myc) and tumor-suppressor gene (p53) loci have been implicated in lung carcinogenesis. DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms at these gene loci are being evaluated in a case-control study as markers predictive of risk for cancer or of prognosis when cancer is present. The cases and controls had a cigarette-smoking history of 40 or more pack years or other abnormalities in pulmonary function tests, their ages were closely matched (64 years for cases and 61 years for controls) and the ratio of Caucasians to African Americans was close to unity (cases, 0.95:1.00, controls, 1.00:0.88). The H-ras-1 gene contains an insertion deletion polymorphism. Inheritance of rare H-ras-1 alleles, defined by MspI digestion, confers a relative risk for lung cancer of 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-7.3) for Caucasians and 3.2 (0.9-11.6) for African Americans (74 cases, 67 controls). The L-myc gene sequence has a restriction site (EcoR1) polymorphism between the second and third exons. Inheritance of restriction site-present alleles was reported to confer poor prognosis (presence of lymph node metastases) in Japanese lung cancer patients. This hypothesis was tested in both case-control study subjects (56 cases, 55 controls) and additional surgical cases (40), but no evidence was found to support the hypothesis in the U.S. population. The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene that can encode either a proline or an arginine in the 72nd residue. No associations was found between the minor allele (proline) and diagnosis of lung cancer (76 cases, 68 controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Quality of Medical Information on the Internet-Reply
Authors: William M. Silberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We are pleased to see that Mr Mack is among the increasing number of medical content developers who recognize that the promulgation and application of quality criteria for health and medical information on the Internet can benefit both producers and consumers of such information. We also agree with Ms Strauss that providing credible, relevant, and useful educational information is a significant component of the physician's imperative to deliver the highest-quality health care to patients. We hope that the widespread adoption of quality criteria like those we propose, and heightened awareness of them, will lead more physicians to include medical sites on the Internet among the resources they offer patients. We believe this approach will make the important educational component of the patient-physician relationship that much more valuable. We also note a number of developments that have occurred in this area since our Editorial was published. The International Committee of Medical
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-stimulated bicarbonate secretion in rabbit cortical collecting tubules.
Authors: V L Schuster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We studied the effects of cyclic AMP (cAMP) on HCO-3 transport by rabbit cortical collecting tubules perfused in vitro. Net HCO-3 secretion was observed in tubules from NaHCO3- loaded rabbits. 8-Bromo-cAMP-stimulated net HCO-3 secretion, whereas secretion fell with time in control tubules. Both isoproterenol and vasopressin (ADH) are known to stimulate adenylate cyclase in this epithelium; however, only isoproterenol stimulated net HCO-3 secretion. The mechanism of cAMP-stimulated HCO-3 secretion was examined. If both HCO-3 and H+ secretion were to occur simultaneously in tubules exhibiting net HCO-3 secretion, cAMP might increase the net HCO-3 secretory rate by inhibiting H+ secretion, by stimulating HCO-3 secretion, or both. These possibilities were examined using basolateral addition of the disulfonic stilbene (4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS). In acidifying tubules from NH4Cl-loaded rabbits, DIDS eliminated HCO-3 reabsorption, a result consistent with known effects of DIDS as an inhibitor of H+ secretion. In contrast, cAMP left acidification (H+ secretion) intact. DIDS applied to HCO-3 secretory tubules failed to increase the HCO-3 secretory rate, indicating minimal H+ secretion in HCO-3 secreting tubules. Thus, inhibition of H+ secretion by cAMP could not account for the cAMP-induced stimulation of net HCO-3 secretion. cAMP-stimulated HCO-3 secretion was reversibly eliminated by 0 Cl perfusate, whereas luminal DIDS had no effect. Bath amiloride (1 mM) failed to eliminate cAMP-stimulated HCO-3 secretion when bath [Na+] was 145 mM or 5 mM. cAMP depolarized the transepithelial voltage. The collected fluid [HCO-3] after cAMP could be accounted for by electrical driving forces, suggesting that cAMP stimulates passive HCO-3 secretion. However, cAMP did not alter HCO-3 permeability measured under conditions expected to inhibit transcellular HCO-3 movement (0 Cl- solutions and bath DIDS). This measured HCO-3 permeability was not high enough to account, by passive diffusion, for the HCO-3 fluxes observed in Cl-containing solutions. We conclude the following: cAMP increased net HCO3- secretion by stimulating HCO3- secretion and not by inhibiting H+ secretion; this HCO3- secretion may have occurred by Cl-HCO3- exchange; Na+-H+ exchange appeared not to play a role in basolateral H+ extrusion under these conditions; and the stimulation of HCO3- secretion by isoproterenol, but not ADH, suggests the existence of separate cell cAMP pools or cellular heterogeneity in this cAMP response.
Regulating complementary medicine
Authors: J. Stone
Journal: BMJ (1996)

community be resourced and implemented appropriately- since controlled studies suggest that where it amounts metely to case management it may be ineffective?"6"7Will the apparent inequities posed by the growth of general practitioner fundholding, and in particular the uncertainty about its trans- action costs"8 and its lack of significant impact on patient care,.5 lead to modifications?When will the department respond to its own internal review of the evidence about tobacco advertising?"9Promoting Clinical Effectiveness should be welcomed and its aims supported, but some clinicians may be reluctant to spend time developing an evidence based culture in clinical policy at the behest of the NHS Executive unless health policy makers and politicians do the same.
Thyrotropin Increases Prostaglandin Levels in Isolated Thyroid Cells
Authors: S.-C. Yu, L. Chang, G. Burke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

We have shown that two unrelated prostaglandin antagonists block both thyrotropin (TSH) and prostaglandins E (PGE(1), PGE(2)) stimulation of thyroidal adenyl cyclase activation and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation, suggesting that prostaglandins play an important role in regulating thyroid function. To further explore this postulate, we measured prostaglandin content by radioimmunoassay in homogeneous bovine thyroid cell preparations in the presence and absence of TSH. Antibodies to albumin-conjugated PGE(1) and PGF(2alpha) showed specificity for prostaglandins E and F, respectively, but reacted, albeit far less effectively, with heterologous prostaglandins. A double antibody system was used to separate free from antibody-bound PGE(1)-(3)H and PGF(2alpha)-(3)H. Thyroid cells were extracted with ethanol/ethyl acetate and the various prostaglandins separated on silicic acid columns. Recoveries of added PGE(1)-(3)H and PGF(2alpha)-(3)H through the extraction and separation procedures ranged from 50-80%. The sensitivity of the method was 10-50 pg. Basal thyroid cell content of PGE(1) and PGF(2alpha) "equivalents" varied between cell preparations (range = 2-6 ng/0.2 ml cell suspension) but, in each instance, remained constant during 5-30-min incubations at 37 degrees C. TSH, 10-100 mU/ml, increased the levels of cell PGE(1) and PGF(2alpha) "equivalents" 30-80% above basal during 5-15-min incubations. The stimulatory effect was specific for TSH, no increase in PGE(1) or PGF(2alpha) "equivalent" levels being seen with luteinizing hormone (LH), human growth hormone (HGH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or glucagon. These data support the thesis that prostaglandins may mediate TSH effects on thyroid.
THE QUESTION OF LEUKOCYTOSIS FOLLOWING TYPHOID PERFORATION OF THE INTESTINES
Authors: EDWARD M. LIVINGSTON
Journal: JAMA (1925)

There is no uniformity in medical literature concerning leukocytosis following typhoid perforation of the intestines. A review of the subject reveals a wide diversity of opinion. Some<sup>1</sup>state that this complication of typhoid fever is followed by an immediate leukocytosis; others<sup>2</sup>report that this phenomenon is usual but not constant, and others<sup>3</sup>that the count may be high, may be unchanged, or may even suddenly fall. Statements also appear<sup>4</sup>that the differential count is the most important diagnostic consideration, while still other writers<sup>5</sup>conclude that changes in the white blood count are totally unreliable in the diagnosis of this condition. In other words, there are at least five distinct teachings concerning this point. <h3>RECORDS FROM BELLEVUE HOSPITAL</h3> Finding these various opinions—with some diametrically opposed statements—we determined to ascertain the leukocytic reactions produced by typhoid peritonitis, as recorded at Bellevue Hospital, on the charts of patients
A piece of my mind. Code magic
Authors: R. O. Cummins
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Discordant Secular Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in a Rapidly Developing Country
Authors: Arnaud Chiolero, Gilles Paradis, Georges Madeleine, James A. Hanley, Fred Paccaud, Pascal Bovet
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— The effect of the increasing prevalence of obesity on blood pressure (BP) secular trends is unclear. We analyzed BP and body mass index secular trends between 1998 and 2006 in children and adolescents of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing island state in the African region. Methods and Results— School-based surveys were conducted annually between 1998 and 2006 among all students in 4 school grades (kindergarten and 4th, 7th, and 10th years of compulsory school). We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria to define obesity and elevated BP. The same methods and instruments were used in all surveys. Some 25 586 children and adolescents 4 to 18 years of age contributed 43 867 observations. Although the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls increased from 5.1% and 6.0%, respectively, in 1998 to 2000 to 8.0% and 8.7% in 2004 to 2006, the prevalence of elevated BP decreased from 8.4% and 9.8% to 6.9% and 7.8%. During the interval, mean age-adjusted body mass index increased by 0.57 kg/m 2 in boys and 0.58 kg/m 2 in girls. Mean age- and height-adjusted systolic BP decreased by −3.0 mm Hg in boys and −2.8 mm Hg in girls, whereas mean diastolic BP did not change substantially in boys (−0.2 mm Hg) and increased slightly in girls (0.4 mm Hg). Conclusion— At a population level, the marked increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in the Seychelles was not associated with a commensurate secular rise in mean BP.
Medicine's 10 Greatest Discoveries
Authors: Vladimir Hachinski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes17 August 1999Medicine's 10 Greatest DiscoveriesVladimir Hachinski, MD, DScVladimir Hachinski, MD, DScUniversity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. (Hachinski)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-4-199908170-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Friedman M, Friedland G. 235 pages. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ Pr; 1998. $30.00. ISBN 0300075987. Order phone 203-432-0960.Field of medicine: History of medicine and medical discovery.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: As the Preface states, “Any reasonably intelligent and moderately educated adult who is even slightly interested in medicine.”Purpose: To excite, to teach, and to provide enjoyment.Content: The book covers the 10 greatest medical discoveries of western medicine and the lives of the scientists principally responsible for them. The authors first culled the 100 most significant discoveries from more than 5000 that have been made in western ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. (Hachinski) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 August 1999Volume 131, Issue 4Page: 316KeywordsBloodCholesterolComputed axial tomographyComputer softwareDNAForecastingHistory of medicineRacial and ethnic issuesScientistsTissue cultures ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 17 August 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Immunobullous disease and ulcerative colitis: a case series of six patients
Authors: M.C. Sotiriou, C.W. Foo, C.T. Scholes, J.J. Zone
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Cases of immunobullous skin disease associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) have been previously reported in the literature. There is no clear explanation for this association. In this series, we report six cases of immunobullous disease in patients with UC and discuss potential mechanisms of pathogenesis proposed to explain these concomitant diseases. The clinical presentation, immunopathology and treatment of six new cases are described and analysed. We report six patients, two with linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD), one with bullous pemphigoid (BP), one with mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and two with IgA pemphigus. The patients' ages ranged from 33 to 66 years at the onset of their skin disease, and all but one case had a documented age of UC onset, confirmed with colonoscopy, prior to the development of skin disease. Direct immunofluorescence results in these patients demonstrated IgA basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies in the LABD cases, IgG antibodies at the BMZ in the BP and MMP cases, and IgA cell surface antibodies in the patients with IgA pemphigus. Additionally, indirect immunofluorescence was positive in one of the patients with LABD, the patient with BP and both of the patients with IgA pemphigus. The temporal association of UC and skin disease, in addition to the resolution of skin disease with total colectomy in one case, suggests colonic mucosal antigenic stimulation driving immune activation and leading to immunobullous skin disease.
Activation of PDGF-CC by tissue plasminogen activator impairs blood-brain barrier integrity during ischemic stroke
Authors: Enming J Su, Linda Fredriksson, Melissa Geyer, Erika Folestad, Jacqueline Cale, Johanna Andrae, Yamei Gao, Kristian Pietras, Kris Mann, Manuel Yepes, Dudley K Strickland, Christer Betsholtz, Ulf Eriksson, Daniel A Lawrence
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
LIVER FUNCTION AND BLOOD PLASMA PROTEIN FORMATION
Authors: R. E. Knutti, C. C. Erickson, S. C. Madden, P. E. Rekers, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Normal dogs and two Eck fistula dogs, receiving a daily diet containing an average of 1 gm. of vegetable protein per kilo of body weight, showed after average intervals of 7 to 9 weeks, slight decreases in amounts of circulating plasma protein (Table 21). A third Eck fistula dog under similar circumstances was unable to maintain its plasma protein concentration above the edema level. This dog by biopsy was shown to have an abnormal liver and the evidence indicated that the other organs were normal. The animal showed active thirst and diuresis as compared with controls (Table 25). This Eck fistula dog had less than one-tenth the capacity of the normal dog to form new plasma protein when various food proteins were added to the basal diet, and no significant quantitative differences in the relative potency of these foods (liver, kidney, heart muscle, soy bean, salmon) could be distinguished (Table 22). It appears that the liver abnormality is responsible for this abnormal reaction. This observation gives strong support to the thesis that the liver is actively concerned with fabrication of new plasma protein.
I. THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS IN ITS EARLIER STAGES
Authors: T. W. Gibbard, L. W. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1913)

AN c;pevience i-n tlle treatmen-t of syphilis whliclh extends over a conisiderable ifuniber of yea;s, and lhas been gained uli(ler particularly favourable condlitionis for estimatinig the valuie of antisyplhilitic remedlies, lhas led us to certain C011CoUsiOnS Wh1iChI We thinlk Of soim1e interest.'1'lie great advances whiich hiave beeni m11ade in thle (diagnosis and trea-tmient of syphiilis in recent years enable us now to diagnose this disease from11 its earliest stages, detect its presenice in the absence of nalked eye signs, anld effectually control its pr-ogress.The old uncertaintv of diagniosis in the priIImary stage hias been replaced by the certainity wlhicli resuLlts from mlicro- scopical exam1iination of theC exutdate from0i the sore; the signs of Syphilis have been inCreased by one whlich is the most constant of all---the Aasser-mann reaction; and, thlanks to salvarsan, tile slow dragging progress towards recovery which -was the ruile under exclusively mercurial therapy, a progress wlhichi was often mariied by mnany -elapses, hlas given way to onie -which is at once more rapid anid, juidged by every test we can apply, m11ore perm ianent.
F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography Demonstration of Pulmonary Carcinoid
Authors: Monica Jain, Elizabeth Yung, Terence Trow, Douglas S. Katz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Although experience with positron emission tomography (PET) using F-18 FDG for imaging pulmonary carcinoid tumors is limited to date, uptake is usually much lower than expected for lung carcinoma or metastatic adenocarcinoma, or it is not present at all. On a routine chest radiograph, a 74-year-old woman with intraductal breast carcinoma was discovered to have a new right middle lobe nodule. The nodule was intensely hypermetabolic on F-18 FDG PET and was therefore believed to be a metastasis in this nonsmoking patient; however, at wedge resection, the nodule proved to be a primary pulmonary typical carcinoid tumor.