tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The association of tissue anti-TNF drug levels with serological and endoscopic disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: the ATLAS study
Authors: Andres J Yarur, Anjali Jain, Daniel A Sussman, Jamie S Barkin, Maria A Quintero, Fred Princen, Richard Kirkland, Amar R Deshpande, Sharat Singh, Maria T Abreu
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between serum and intestinal anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels, and their relationship to endoscopic disease activity and levels of TNF. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study of 30 patients receiving treatment with infliximab or adalimumab for Crohn9s disease or UC. For each patient, a sample of serum was matched to tissue biopsies. Endoscopic and histological disease activity was recorded for each tissue sample. <h3>Results</h3> There was a significant positive correlation between anti-TNF in serum and tissue (r=0.3920, p=0.002), especially in uninflamed tissue (r=0.50, p&lt;0.001), but not with those samples that had inflammation (r=0.19, p=0.54). Anti-TNF concentration in tissue correlated with degree of endoscopic inflammation, except for tissue with severe inflammation in which anti-TNF levels were again lower (mean normalised anti-TNF in tissue: uninflamed=0.93, mild=2.17, moderate=13.71, severe=2.2 inflammation (p=0.0042)). The ratio of anti-TNF-to-TNF in tissue was highest in uninflamed areas and lowest in severely inflamed areas. Patients with active mucosal disease had a higher rate of serum to tissue drug level mismatch when compared to those in remission (73.3% vs 33.3%, respectively; p=0.03). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data suggest that local tissue inflammation characterised by high levels of TNF serves as a sink for anti-TNF. We further postulate that some patients with high serum anti-TNF levels have active disease because tissue levels of anti-TNF are insufficient to neutralise local TNF production.
AIP1 functions as an endogenous inhibitor of VEGFR2-mediated signaling and inflammatory angiogenesis in mice
Authors: Haifeng Zhang, Yun He, Shengchuan Dai, Zhe Xu, Yan Luo, Ting Wan, Dianhong Luo, Dennis Jones, Shibo Tang, Hong Chen, William C. Sessa, Wang Min
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

ASK1-interacting protein-1 (AIP1), a recently identified member of the Ras GTPase-activating protein family, is highly expressed in vascular ECs and regulates EC apoptosis in vitro. However, its function in vivo has not been established. To study this, we generated AIP1-deficient mice (KO mice). Although these mice showed no obvious defects in vascular development, they exhibited dramatically enhanced angiogenesis in 2 models of inflammatory angiogenesis. In one of these models, the enhanced angiogenesis observed in the KO mice was associated with increased VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling. Consistent with this, VEGF-induced ear, cornea, and retina neovascularization were greatly augmented in KO mice and the enhanced retinal angiogenesis was markedly diminished by overexpression of AIP1. In vitro, VEGF-induced EC migration was inhibited by AIP1 overexpression, whereas it was augmented by both AIP1 knockout and knockdown, with the enhanced EC migration caused by AIP1 knockdown being associated with increased VEGFR2 signaling. We present mechanistic data that suggest AIP1 is recruited to the VEGFR2-PI3K complex, binding to both VEGFR2 and PI3K p85, at a late phase of the VEGF response, and that this leads to inhibition of VEGFR2 signaling. Taken together, our data demonstrate that AIP1 functions as an endogenous inhibitor in VEGFR2-mediated adaptive angiogenesis in mice.
Role of genotoxic and nongenotoxic effects in multistage carcinogenicity of aromatic amines.
Authors: H G Neumann, R Hammerl, W Hillesheim, M Wildschütte
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

It has been demonstrated in several model systems that tumors arise in a multistage process. Carcinogenic aromatic amines are complete carcinogens, which usually produce tumors in typical target tissues without any additional treatment. The tissue specificity, however, cannot readily be explained by genotoxic effects, and the role of secondary effects is not well understood. Promotional pressure on initiated cells can be produced by endogenous factors but also by the chemical itself. Comparison of the effects on rat liver of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and trans-4-acetylaminostilbene (AAS) provides some evidence that initiating and promoting properties of these chemicals can be separated. AAS is a strong initiator in rat liver but seems to lack promoting activity; AAF is a less efficient initiator but has tumor promoting properties. The results obtained so far indicate that promoting pressure is not produced by the acute, cytotoxic effects of AAF. It is therefore concluded that nongenotoxic, possibly receptor-mediated effects are involved.
Longitudinal Change in FEV<sub>1</sub> and FVC in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kelly L. Stolzmann, David R. Gagnon, Robert Brown, Carlos G. Tun, Eric Garshick
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Although respiratory dysfunction is common in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), determinants of longitudinal change in FEV(1) and FVC have not been assessed.Determine factors that influence longitudinal lung function decline in SCI.A total of 174 male participants (mean age of 49 and 17 yr after injury) completed a respiratory questionnaire and underwent spirometry over an average follow-up of 7.5 years (range, 4-14 yr).In multivariate models, longitudinal decline in FEV(1) was significantly related to continued smoking, persistent wheeze, an increase in body mass index, and respiratory muscle strength. Aging was associated with an accelerated decline in FEV(1) (for ages <40, 40-60, >60 yr: -27, -37, and -71 ml/yr, respectively). Similar effects were observed for FVC.Longitudinal change in FEV(1) and FVC was not directly related to level and severity of SCI, but was attributable to potentially modifiable factors in addition to age. These results suggest that weight control, smoking cessation, trials directed at the recognition and treatment of wheeze, and efforts to improve respiratory muscle strength may slow lung function decline after SCI.
Obesity Treatment: Can Diet Composition Play a Role?
Authors: James O. Hill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Diet composition can play a role in obesity treatment because it can influence energy intake and nutrient balance. The greatest potential effect of diet composition occurs not during weight reduction but during maintenance of a reduced body weight. During weight reduction, the extent of negative energy balance is the greatest determinant of the amount and rate of weight loss, and any effects of diet composition are likely to be very small. Conversely, during the maintenance period after weight reduction, maintenance energy requirements are reduced and the rate of fat oxidation may be low. Prevention of fat storage and regain of body weight can be achieved either by increasing fat oxidation (for example, by increasing exercise) or by reducing the fat content of the habitual diet. The treatment with the greatest chance for success combines a reduced-fat diet with aerobic exercise.
Change in ultraviolet (UV) transmission following the application of vaseline to non-irradiated and UVB-exposed split skin
Authors: K. Hoffmann, K. Kaspar, T. Gambichler, P. Altmeyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background Topical preparations such as emollients used in combination with phototherapy can interfere with such treatment. Objectives This study was performed to investigate the impact of vaseline on the ultraviolet (UV) transmission of non-irradiated split skin and on split skin previously exposed to UVB radiation. Methods Split-skin specimens were obtained from 20 patients. In each case, one sample was taken from an area of non-irradiated skin, while the second was taken from an area that had been previously exposed to UVB. The transmission was spectrophotometrically measured with split skin placed in specially designed quartz glass cuvettes before and after the application of two different amounts of vaseline (2·5 and 17·5 mg cm−2). Results Application of vaseline to skin previously exposed to UVB caused significant (P < 0·0001) changes in UV transmission in certain wavelength ranges. In the UVA range, a greater increase in transmission was achieved with 2·5 mg cm−2 vaseline, whereas in the UVB range, a greater increase was achieved with 17·5 mg cm−2 vaseline. The thicker the layer of vaseline applied, the lower was the difference in transmission between non-irradiated split skin and UVB-exposed split skin. Conclusions Application of the correct amount of vaseline can enhance transmission in either the UVA or UVB range, and would enable dose reduction during a course of phototherapy.
Gabapentin increased complete abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatment
Authors: Richard Saitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club18 February 2014Gabapentin increased complete abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatmentRichard Saitz, MD, MPHRichard Saitz, MD, MPHBoston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (R.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-160-4-201402180-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMason BJ, Quello S, Goodell V, et al. Gabapentin treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:70-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24190578Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1 NIH-funded study finds that gabapentin may treat alcohol dependence. www.niaaa.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/gabapentin-alcohol-dependence. (accessed 26 Nov 2013). Google Scholar2 Nunes EV. Gabapentin: a new addition to the armamentarium for alcohol dependence? JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:78-9. [PMID: 24190363] Google Scholar3 Rösner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, et al. Acamprosate for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(9):CD004332. [PMID: 20824837] Google Scholar4 Rösner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, et al. Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(12):CD001867. [PMID: 21154349] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (R.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 February 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGabapentinoids for treatment of alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis 18 February 2014Volume 160, Issue 4Page: JC10KeywordsAlcoholismAlcoholsConfidence intervalsDrug dependenceDrugsOpiatesPatientsUrine ePublished: 18 February 2014 Issue Published: 18 February 2014 CopyrightCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Diazepam in Cardioversion
Authors: D. O. Nutter, R. A. Massumi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE conversion of cardiac arrhythmias by directcurrent countershock has become widely accepted but has usually required the use of general anesthesia, with its attendant hazards and practical problems. The last 15 patients undergoing cardioversion in our laboratory have been prepared for electric shock with a single intravenous injection of diazepam,§ a potent tranquilizer and muscle relaxant.Method of CardioversionPremedication consisted of quinidine sulfate, 200 mg. every six hours for 3 or 4 doses. Five to 20 mg. of diazepam (5 mg. per milliliter) was rapidly administered intravenously. After the onset of sleep the countershock was delivered by the standard . . .
Physicians Try Creating a Violence-Free Society
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

FOR Patricia Salber, MD, and Ellen Taliaferro, MD, a decisive moment came at last spring's annual meeting of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. The pair, both California emergency medicine specialists, ran a booth promoting their brainchild: Physicians for a Violence-Free Society (PVFS), a multispecialty coalition dedicated to caring for survivors of violence and preventing its root causes in American society. "Physicians would walk by, and I could see them think. I could see it in their eyes," says Taliaferro. "One of them sent us a thank-you note and a check for $1000. That's when I said, `I know the need for this group exists.'" The idea for such a coalition struck Salber, the group's president, and Taliaferro, its executive director, a few years earlier when each had a fellowship with the Pew Health Policy Program at the Institute for Health Policy Studies at the University of California at San
A NEW MEDIUM FOR GONOCOCCUS CULTURE
Authors: P. S. PELOUZE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The cultivation of the gonococcus is so thoroughly dependent on ideal cultural conditions that very slight deviations from that ideal make for failure. To one who tries to grow this germ it early becomes apparent that much in the literature on the subject should be rewritten, for there is much of a negative nature that really belongs to faults in the medium and is not to be attributed to peculiarities of the gonococcus itself. There are few pathogenic bacteria about which more romance has been spun. One investigator finds that certain things prevent its growth in culture, and another finds the same things to be essential to its growth. One early investigator popularized one of our most common mediums of today for the special reason that he was able to grow what he called the gonococcus on it, and today we use it as a differential medium because we say
840-3 Bicuspid aortic valve in athletes: An underestimated problem?
Authors: Giorgio Galanti, Marta Rizzo, Paolo Manetti, Valentina Di Tante, Alfredo Guerrisi, Maria Concetta Robertina Vono, Jacopo Giuliattini, Loira Toncelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
CASE OF SARCOMA OF THE CHOROID—OPERATION—NO RECURRENCE IN NEARLY THREE YEARS.Read in the Section of Ophthalmology at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: A. G. SINCLAIR
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Malignant intra-ocular growths are of so much importance that every case of the kind should be placed on record, and especially the results of treatment, whether favorable or otherwise, in order that we may learn at what stage of development the disease passes beyond the control of remedial measures. I therefore beg to occupy your time briefly with a report of the following case: In June, 1887, I was consulted by Mrs. K., 40 years of age, who reported that three years previously she had lost the sight of her right eye while suffering from symptoms which, according to her description, were very like those of acute glaucoma, and that the organ had continued more or less irritable up to the time of presentation. On examination I found vision extinct; conjunctiva moderately injected; pupil somewhat dilated, and motionless; iris discolored; lens cataractous; tension plus 1; pain in the eye, forehead
Association Between Myeloperoxidase Levels and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Renliang Zhang
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a leukocyte enzyme that promotes oxidation of lipoproteins in atheroma, has been proposed as a possible mediator of atherosclerosis.To determine the association between MPO levels and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD).Case-control study conducted from July to September 2000 in a US tertiary care referral center, including 158 patients with established CAD (cases) and 175 patients without angiographically significant CAD (controls).Association of MPO levels per milligram of neutrophil protein (leukocyte-MPO) and MPO levels per milliliter of blood (blood-MPO) with CAD risk.Leukocyte- and blood-MPO levels were both significantly greater in patients with CAD than in controls (P<.001). In multivariable models adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, and white blood cell counts, MPO levels were significantly associated with presence of CAD, with an OR of 11.9 (95% CI, 5.5-25.5) for the highest vs lowest quartiles of leukocyte-MPO and an OR of 20.4 (95% CI, 8.9-47.2) for the highest vs lowest quartiles of blood-MPO.Elevated levels of leukocyte- and blood-MPO are associated with the presence of CAD. These findings support a potential role for MPO as an inflammatory marker in CAD and may have implications for atherosclerosis diagnosis and risk assessment.
Hemodynamic effects of oral pirbuterol in chronic severe congestive heart failure.
Authors: N A Awan, M K Evenson, K E Needham, T O Evans, J Hermanovich, C R Taylor, E Amsterdam, D T Mason
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The achievement of satisfactory ambulatory therapy of severe chronic congestive heart failure may be helped by the development of safe and orally effective cardiotonic agents. Therefore, we evaluated by cardiac catheterization and limb plethysmography the temporal cardiocirculatory responses of the new ingestible beta agonist pirbuterol in 10 coronary heart disease patients with severe congestive heart failure refractory to digitalis and diuretics. After a single oral dose of 0.4 mg/kg, ventricular dysfunction was considerably improved during 6 hours of hemodynamic monitoring. Cardiac index increased from a control of 1.7 l/min/m2 to 2.6 l/min/m2 (p &lt; 0.001) at 1 hour and to 2.4 l/min/m2 (p &lt; 0.005) at 3 hours and was 2.2 l/min/m2 (p &lt; 0.001) at 6 hours; left ventricular filling pressure decreased from a control of 24 mm Hg to 19 mm Hg (p &lt; 0.005) at 1 hour and to 18 mm Hg (p &lt; 0.005) at 3 hours and was 22 mm Hg (p &lt; 0.05) at 6 hours. Concomitantly, the peak increment in heart rate (6 beats/min) was minimal and without ectopy and mean arterial blood pressure decreased only 10 mm Hg. total systemic vascular resistance declined by 887 dyn-sec-cm-5, forearm venodilation occurred and the rate-pressure product was unaltered. Thus, oral pirbuterol provides beneficial hemodynamic effects in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and appears potentially useful for long-term management of low-output congestive heart failure.
Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) subtypes in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.
Authors: C P Maury, C Ehnholm, M Lukka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Serum amyloid A (SAA), a polymorphic high density lipoprotein associated plasma protein, is the putative circulating precursor of tissue AA protein fibrils in reactive (secondary) amyloidosis. In the present study we examined the SAA subtype pattern in various acute and chronic inflammatory states in order to find out whether disease-specific SAA isoform profiles exist. The method used to study the subtype pattern is based on electrofocusing of serum followed by immunoblotting. Our results show that the SAA subtype pattern is similar in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with or without amyloid. In addition, in amyloidotic subjects the SAA subtype response to acute tissue injury (arthroplasty) did not differ from that in patients without amyloidosis. Analysis of patients with acute and chronic infectious diseases and non-rheumatic inflammatory conditions showed similar SAA patterns in all subjects. These results suggest that the SAA subtype response to tissue injury and inflammation is similar irrespective of the initiating stimulus.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis in northern Germany: a retrospective hospital-based study of 1,055 patients from 1984 until 1993
Authors: J Borchardt, D Kirsten, R Jorres, C Kroeger, H Magnussen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

For the past decade, there have been no data on the time course of drug resistant tuberculosis and on risk factors for drug resistance in former West Germany. We reviewed the medical records of all patients with positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from 1984 until 1993 in a hospital near Hamburg. Drug-susceptibility testing was performed for isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin, using the modified proportion method. Of 1,055 patients, 9.6% had isolates resistant to one or more drugs. Of the isolates, 5.8% showed resistance to isoniazid or rifampicin and 1.8% to both isoniazid and rifampicin. There was no significant change of the resistance rate during the study period. Twenty six percent of 89 patients from South America, Africa or Asia had isolates resistant to one or more drugs, compared with 7.6% of 799 patients born in Germany (odds ratio (OR) 4.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.5-7.3). Among patients born in Germany, 32% of 101 patients with a history of prior anti-tuberculosis drug therapy had resistant organisms, versus 4.2% of 698 patients without prior therapy (OR 10.7; 95% CI 6.1-18.7). Resistance rates for 35 patients, who had been treated within the last 5 yrs, and for 65 patients, who had been treated more than 5 yrs ago, were 57 and 17%, respectively (OR 6.6; 95% CI 2.9-16.6). Our results suggest that there is no increase in the proportion of drug-resistant tuberculosis in our hospital, and that patients with a recent history of antituberculosis drug therapy and patients from South America, Africa, or Asia are at high risk for drug resistance.
VARIATIONS IN THE PULMONARY CAPILLARY BLOOD VOLUME AND MEMBRANE DIFFUSION COMPONENT IN HEALTH AND DISEASE*
Authors: D. V. Bates, C. J. Varvis, R. E. Donevan, R. V. Christie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

Forster, Roughton and their colleagues (1, 2) have reported a method of subdividing the com- ponents of the pulmonary diffusing capacity by measurement of the apparent diffusing capacity at different alveolar oxygen tensions.This development followed preparatory work by the same authors (3, 4) in which the kinetic factors in- volved in CO and hemoglobin combination were reported.The principles underlying the measure- ments have been fully discussed by Forster in a recent review (5).Lewis, Lin, Noe and Komisaruk (6) reported on the measurement of pulmonary capillary blood volume in normal subjects, using the single breath method of determining the pulmonary diffusing capacity.They found average values of 65 ml for the pulmonary capillary blood volume at rest and 98 ml CO per minute per mm Hg for the membrane diffusion component.In four subjects both of these quantities increased somewhat dur- ing exercise.They did not report any results on patients.McNeill, Rankin and Forster (7), using a similar technique of measuring the pulmonary diffusing capacity by a single breath method, found similar values at rest for the pulmonary capillary blood volume, but a lower value for the membrane component, which was about 63.5 ml CO per minute per mm Hg in normal subjects at rest.These authors reported the results of this measurement in five patients with various types of pulmonary fibrosis, two with pulmonary hypertension, two with pulmonary congestion, and three with chronic obstructive emphysema.The most significant findings were the decrease in membrane diffusion component ib patients with pulmonary fibrosis, and the increase generally found in pul- monary capillary blood volume in patients with in- creased pressure in the lesser circulation.The present study reports the measurement of