tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Who needs health care?
Authors: Benjamin Dean
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Modified Mediterranean diet and survival Evidence for diet linked longevity is substantialEditor-The EPIC-elderly cohort study was designed to investigate the association between a modified Mediterranean diet and longer life expectancy among an elderly subpopulation (older than 60) that is part of the larger EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. 1 2 Focusing the attention on a sample with a more restricted age range seems to reinforce previous findings on diet linked longevity, but important risk factors were not taken into account in collecting the data.Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure are well known determinants of cardiovascular disease.The study's outcomes are expressed in term of mortality, and cardiovascular disease remains the most important of all causes of death.The benefits of a healthy eating pattern with respect to these variables have been shown. 3he same might not be sustained if the total EPIC cohort were considered (aged 20-85). 2 Have the authors considered any possible statistical gain from including these risk factors in the analysis when considering the younger subgroup?We believe that the conclusions for participants older than 60 are stronger if the risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women after the menopause is considered.In a world in which people eat mainly processed foods that are rich in saturated fats, the analysis is a warning to adopt a healthier dietary pattern and, broadly, lifestyle changes.
Seasonal Hunger: A Neglected Problem with Proven Solutions
Authors: Bapu Vaitla, Stephen Devereux, Samuel Hauenstein Swan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.



The United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID) provided partial funding for this research. The funders had no role in the decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.



Provenance: Commissioned; externally peer-reviewed.
Response to Long-Term Administration of Human in Turner's Syndrome Growth Hormone
Authors: Manuel Tzagournis
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Three patients with XO sex chromosome constitutions had human growth hormone (HGH) measurements. Exogenous HGH was given to one patient to observe its effect on linear growth. All patients had normal HGH response to hypoglycemia or arginine maleate stimulation. The growth rate of the treated patient was followed during three one-year periods. During the control period the patient's growth rate was 0.23 cm/month. It increased to 0.5 cm/month while she was receiving HGH, 10 mg/ week. During the last period, she took small doses of estrogenic substances conjugated and grew 0.3 cm/ month. Although the patient with Turner's syndrome is genetically destined to be short, growth may be stimulated in some patients with exogenous HGH.
Preparation: Sometimes Good Is Not Good Enough-Reply
Authors: Hugh F. Johnston
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Self believes that I would condemn medical school courses on death and dying as generally irrelevant and unhelpful. This is neither my belief nor was it my intention to convey that notion when I wrote "Preparation." I believe it is most sensible to judge such courses on their own individual merits; the one I took in medical school was excellent. The issue I address in my essay has to do with the preparation of students for the experience of being with a patient during terrible physical and emotional suffering such as that which Mr G. endured. Courses on death and dying are not particularly aimed at this topic, although death and suffering are often related. I have observed that physicians often have considerable difficulty dealing with this situation and in dealing with the feelings that it arouses in them and in other staff and family members. Typically,
Disruption of the growth hormone-Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5-Insulinlike growth factor 1 axis severely aggravates liver fibrosis in a mouse model of cholestasis
Authors: Leander Blaas, Jan‐Wilhelm Kornfeld, Daniel Schramek, Monica Musteanu, Gernot Zollner, Judith Gumhold, Franziska van Zijl, Doris Schneller, Harald Esterbauer, Gerda Egger, Markus Mair, Lukas Kenner, Wolfgang Mikulits, Robert Eferl, Richard Moriggl, Josef Penninger, Michael Trauner, Emilio Casanova
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Growth hormone (GH) resistance and low serum levels of insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are common features in human liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) controls several vital functions in the liver, including GH-mediated transcription of IGF-1. To investigate the role of STAT5 in liver fibrogenesis, we specifically deleted the Stat5a/b locus both in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in the multidrug resistance gene 2 knockout (Mdr2−/−) mouse model of cholestasis. Double knockout mice develop an early and severe liver fibrosis phenotype, accompanied by perturbed expression of key regulators of bile acid homeostasis. Deletion of Stat5 resulted in GH resistance, and IGF-1 levels in serum were undetectable. We could observe reduced expression of important hepatoprotective genes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (Hnf6), prolactin receptor (Prlr), and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (Lifr) as well as increased numbers of apoptotic hepatocytes. Conclusion: Our data suggest that loss of STAT5 sensitizes hepatocytes to bile acid–induced damage and apoptosis caused by disruption of GH-induced transcription of Igf-1 and down-regulation of hepatoprotective genes. These findings could contribute to the understanding of liver fibrosis and future treatment strategies for liver fibrosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
The Hospitalist’s Story
Authors: Audrey Young, Anneliese M. Schleyer
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Organ Donation and Blacks
Authors: Clive O. Callender, Lannis E. Hall, Curtis L. Yeager, Jesse B. Barber, Georgia M. Dunston, Vivian W. Pinn-Wiggins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The past decade has witnessed an inexorable widening in the gap between the supply of organs for transplantation (i.e., the donors) and the need for organs on the part of desperately ill candidates for transplantation. As of June 1990, some 20,882 persons were waiting for organs to become available.1 Three patients on the waiting list die every day as a consequence of this shortage,1 and the scarcity of organs has become the chief limiting factor in clinical transplantation.2 In 1978 the Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation asked us to identify obstacles to organ donation in the black population, and in particular . . .
Key Scientific Issues in the Health Risk Assessment of Trichloroethylene
Authors: Weihsueh A. Chiu, Jane C. Caldwell, Nagalakshmi Keshava, Cheryl Siegel Scott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common environmental contaminant at hazardous waste sites and in ambient and indoor air. Assessing the human health risks of TCE is challenging because of its inherently complex metabolism and toxicity and the widely varying perspectives on a number of critical scientific issues. Because of this complexity, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drew upon scientific input and expertise from a wide range of groups and individuals in developing its 2001 draft health risk assessment of TCE. This scientific outreach, which was aimed at engaging a diversity of perspectives rather than developing consensus, culminated in 2000 with 16 state-of-the-science articles published together as an Environmental Health Perspectives supplement. Since that time, a substantial amount of new scientific research has been published that is relevant to assessing TCE health risks. Moreover, a number of difficult or controversial scientific issues remain unresolved and are the subject of a scientific consultation with the National Academy of Sciences coordinated by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and co-sponsored by a number of federal agencies, including the U.S. EPA. The articles included in this mini-monograph provide a scientific update on the most prominent of these issues: the pharmacokinetics of TCE and its metabolites, mode(s) of action and effects of TCE metabolites, the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in TCE toxicity, and TCE cancer epidemiology.
Minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukaemia revealed by specific cutaneous lesions
Authors: R. BENUCCI, G. ANESSI, S. SIGNORETTI, R. SIMONI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Summary Minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML-MO) is a poorly differentiated type of acute myeloid leukaemia. Its myeloid differentiation can only be demonstrated by the immunohistochemical or ultrastructural finding of cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase in bone marrow blasts and/or by the immunohistochemical expression of at least one lineage-specific myeloid antigen, with no reactivity for lymphoid antigens. We describe a man with a cutaneous nodular eruption that represented the first clinical manifestation of AML-MO. Histological examination showed extensive proliferation of blasts with scant basophilie cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, these expressed neither myeloid nor lymphoid-specific antigens, whereas they were focally positive for CD45. The diagnosis of AML-MO was confirmed by immunophenotypic analysis of a bone marrow smear. A complete remission was achieved following parenteral steroid therapy. The disease relapsed some months later, and the patient died within a few weeks.
Shift Shown in Influenza A Adamantane Resistance
Authors: Raj C. Shah
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GROWTH INHIBITION BY SUBSTANCES IN LIVER
Authors: Austin M. Brues, Y. Subbarow, Elizabeth B. Jackson, Joseph C. Aub
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

Certain tissue constituents inhibitory to cell growth, extracted from liver, are described. The findings indicate that inhibitory material is adsorbed to colloids in the native state and is freed from them by alcohol extraction. One inhibitor, ethanolamine, has been isolated. This substance differs in its biological properties from the bulk of the inhibitory material present in liver. Progress in purification of other inhibitors is described, and it is shown that inhibition by these extracts is not correlated with surface activity or with the presence of pigmented constituents. The inhibitors have common properties which suggest that they are of physiological significance in the regulation of growth: action over a wide range of concentrations at which other cell functions are undamaged; reversibility of action; presence in adult liver in concentrations near those which inhibit growth in vitro, while in embryo liver they are found only in much lower concentrations.
Lepidic Spread of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma on FDG-PET
Authors: Denis J. Gradinscak, Michael J. Fulham, Armin Mohamed, Chris J. Constable
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 70-year-old male smoker presented with a dry cough. Chest x-ray and computed tomography (CT) showed a pattern consistent with consolidation in the inferolateral left upper lobe of the lung as well as mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy was done and a biopsy confirmed nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) involving the left main bronchus. The patient received induction chemotherapy and then underwent a left pneumonectomy. Histopathology revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, but instead of consolidation, there was diffuse tumor spread along intact alveolar walls (lepidic) throughout the left upper lobe in the resected specimen. FDG-PET and CT studies that were performed before and after induction chemotherapy are presented. A segmental pattern of diffuse, markedly increased FDG uptake was seen in the left upper lobe on the pretreatment scan. The second FDG-PET scan showed new sites of disease and a worsening of the segmental pattern of markedly increased FDG uptake. History included a melanoma that was excised from the back 10 years previously and unsuspected recurrence was detected on the first PET scan in the right axilla.
Glucose Transporter 1 Expression, Tumor Proliferation, and Iodine/Glucose Uptake in Thyroid Cancer With Emphasis on Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Florian Grabellus, James Nagarajah, Andreas Bockisch, Kurt Werner Schmid, Sien-Yi Sheu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Glucose transporters 1 (GLUT1) facilitates glucose uptake in cancer. An inverse relationship between I-131 and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in PET/CT ("flip-flop phenomenon") was described for thyroid cancers (TCs) during dedifferentiation. We investigated the relationship among GLUT1 expression, proliferation, iodine concentration, and glucose uptake in different TC types, with emphasis on "poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma" (PDTC).For immunohistochemistry, 95 thyroid tumors (follicular adenoma, papillary TC, follicular TC, PDTC, and anaplastic TC [ATC]) were investigated for GLUT1 expression and proliferation (Ki-67 index). For PET/CT study, 47 F-18 FDG PET/CT of patients with TC (22 PDTC), 39 corresponding I-124 PET/CT, and glucose and iodine uptake were evaluated. PTC and FTC were summarized under differentiated TC (DTC).Immunohistochemistry: 65% of TC expressed GLUT1. The number of GLUT1-positive TC and GLUT1 expression increased with escalating dedifferentiation/aggressiveness of TC types (P < 0.001). A correlation between proliferation and GLUT1 expression was noted (P < 0.001). PET/CT study: F-18 FDG uptake was measured in 81% of cases. Occurrence of F-18 FDG-avid cases as well as median F-18 FDG maximum standardized uptake values were lowest in DTC, intermediate in PDTC, and highest in ATC. Accordingly, numbers of iodine-avid cases and median I-124 maximum standardized uptake value featured an inverse pattern.Dedifferentiation in TC is accompanied by GLUT1 upregulation and increased proliferation. PDTC was found to be intermediate between DTC and ATC in terms of GLUT1 expression and F-18 FDG or I-124 uptake, suggesting that the flip-flop phenomenon occurs at a dedifferentiation stage in between. Furthermore, the results suggest that F-18 FDG PET/CT is an important imaging modality for ATC and PDTC.
VALUE OF SODIUM THIOSULPHATE IN POISONING FROM ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ARSENIC
Authors: H. B. HAAG
Journal: JAMA (1927)

A truly effective chemical antidote for  poison would possess definite advantages over gastric lavage as  therapeutic measure. Lavage can be practiced only by some one specially trained; one cannot hope by it to remove the portion of the poison that has passed into the intestine; and it is extremely disagreeable to the patient and requires considerable time for its performance. The enthusiastic statements regarding the efficiency of sodium thiosulphate as an antidote for various metallic poisons are therefore of great interest.  Though first suggested by Ravaut, 1 the employment of sodium thiosulphate as an antidote in this country has been due to the papers of Dennie and McBride. 2 These authors state that sodium thiosulphate is a highly efficient and rapid neutralizing agent for the common metallic poisons: arsenic, mercury, lead, and bismuth. Semon 3 feels that it may be found an indispensable adjunct in the treatment of
Role of Mites in Allergy to House Dust
Authors: H. M. Brown, J. L. Filer
Journal: BMJ (1968)

One hundred and thirty-two patients known or suspected of allergy to house dust were skin-tested with pure extracts of four varieties of dust mites. The results show that both Dermatophagoides culinae and D. pteronyssinus probably played important parts in sensitizing susceptible people, as did Glycyphagus destructor and G. domesticus in some cases. In some patients these results enabled successful desensitization against the dust to be carried out, and for corticosteroid therapy to be stopped. Hence the use of mite extracts is considered to be an important advance in the diagnosis of allergy to house dust.
Improving the management of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: M. W Savage
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The introduction of a national service framework for coronary heart disease in England and Wales was driven by evidence based medicine. Health service managers argued that clinicians were not reaping the proved benefits of interventions because of poor organisation. One good example of this is the use of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction.1 The delivery of thrombolytic agents during acute myocardial infarction is a well recognised and effective treatment, which has beneficial effects on mortality in both the short and the long term,2 and the earlier this treatment is given the greater the benefit. The focus on early administration of thrombolytic drugs led to the concept of “door to needle” time, with a target of 30 minutes, and a “call to needle” time of 60 minutes, incorporating the ambulance response time. But confusion still exists among many doctors about the absolute and relative contraindications to thrombolysis.3 …
A factor V inhibitor: In vitro interference by calcium
Authors: Macie C. Coots, Albert F. Muhleman, Helen I. Glueck
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract A patient with a factor V inhibitor resistant to all standard methods of therapy was recently reported. Because of this resistance, further investigation of the inhibitor was carried out employing the inhibitory plasma, serum, and isofocused fraction. It has subsequently been shown in vitro by use of the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and Russell's viper venom time that the activity of the inhibitor is diminished by the addition of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate to the inhibitory plasma, serum, or isofocused fraction before the addition of normal pooled plasma. This inhibitor, an IgG 4 (λ) immunoglobulin appears to have a high calcium binding affinity and is markedly potentiated in acid pH. These findings suggest that there may be a role in vivo for calcium infusion as part of the clinical management of such an inhibitor and that the metabolic acidosis associated with hemorrhagic shock may potentiate this type of inhibitor.
Duodenal involvement in Schistosoma mansoni infection.
Authors: Q Q Contractor, L Benson, T B Schulz, T Q Contractor, N Kasturi
Journal: Gut (1988)

Intestinal involvement in Schistosoma mansoni infection is usually confined to the ileum and colon. Duodenal infestation was diagnosed in a patient with recurrent schistosomiasis despite treatment who presented with a postoperative small bowel fistula. Duodenal schistosomiasis can be suspected on endoscopy, but must always be confirmed by biopsy.
ANTIBIOTIC AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN INFECTIONS OF THE GENITOURINARY TRACT
Authors: Reed M. Nesbit
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The past two decades have witnessed advances in the development of antibacterial agents that have approached the goal that Ehrlich was seeking half a century ago. Today venereal disease has yielded so completely to antibacterial agents that successful treatment is dependent more on economic considerations than on professional skills. The response of urinary tract infections to the newer antibacterials has also been spectacular, but in this area the responsiveness to treatment has been less universal than that observed in specific genital infections. Effective, modern remedies bring about a quick response in urinary tract infections, with the result that the period of disability and suffering for many patients has been reduced. But today's physician, despite the many chemotherapeutic as well as antibiotic agents, continues to encounter a disturbing proportion of urinary infections that now, as in the past, fail to improve under therapy or recur following remission. These failures comprise a
Long term response (LTR) to interferon monotherapy (IFN-Mon) revisited: unearthing interferon breakthrough in the age of ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Massimo Pozzi, Alessandro Redaelli, Fabio Panizzuti, Giancarla Poli, Sergio Foresti, Laura Ratti, Elena Redaelli, Grazia Traverso, Alessandro Dallei, Alberto Piperno, Luigi Roffi, Giuseppe Mancia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Identification of recurrent NAB2-STAT6 gene fusions in solitary fibrous tumor by integrative sequencing
Authors: Dan R. Robinson, Yi Mi Wu, Shanker Kalyana-Sundaram, Xuhong Cao, Robert J. Lonigro, Yun Shao Sung, Chun Liang Chen, Lei Zhang, Rui Wang, Fengyun Su, Matthew K. Iyer, Sameek Roychowdhury, Javed Siddiqui, Kenneth J. Pienta, Lakshmi P. Kunju, Moshe Talpaz, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Samuel Singer, Scott M. Schuetze, Cristina R. Antonescu, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)