tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
William Michael Garraway
Authors: G. Fowkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

William Michael Garraway (“Mike”) was educated at Dumfries Academy and Carlisle Grammar School. From there proceeded to the University of Edinburgh in 1960, where his lifelong interest in medical politics started and he was elected president of the British Medical Students’ Association. After house officer posts in hospitals in Edinburgh and a brief period in general practice in Cumbria, he was awarded a Department of Health fellowship to study epidemiology and public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He was subsequently appointed lecturer in community medicine at the University of Edinburgh and, after a year at the Mayo Clinic in the USA, was promoted to senior lecturer in 1978, on the recommendation of Professor Sir John Brotherston. Three years later, however, he was persuaded to return to the Mayo Clinic as head of the section of clinical epidemiology, a position which he held until his return in 1983 to Edinburgh to take up the Bruce and John …
Neurosurgical Procedures in the Treatment of Neoplastic Disease
Authors: Donald D. Matson, John Shillito
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

WITH increasing use of new and more radical procedures for surgical palliation, with the increasing effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in delaying, if not eliminating, the terminal onslaught of cancer, and with diminished frequency of intercurrent infection as a cause of death in patients with cancer, a steady increase in the number of patients living for longer and longer intervals with malignant neoplasms has resulted. This fact places new responsibility on physicians to treat with energy and imagination the pain and suffering that so often accompany inoperable cancer. Every physician must remember, in his enthusiasm to discover the cause and . . .
Treatment of unilateral visual impairment on preschool vision screening: Author's reply
Authors: Michael Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—O'Brien seems to attach greater weight to a study of apparently declining acuity in a non-compliant group than to our observation in a randomised controlled study of no deterioration in our control group, who showed the same eventual result from deferred treatment. This simply illustrates again the pitfalls inherent in natural history studies, which are plagued by unmeasurable …
Tensions in Medical Education: the Search for Balance
Authors: Rashi Fein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Medical education faces a number of tensions. Three are examined. The first derives from federal funding patterns. These have caused faculty to respond to priorities set by persons outside the university; in the process, traditional freedoms of the university have been severely restricted. The ability of faculty to meet their responsibilities in the role of social critics, in educating students, and in searching for "truth" is weakened. Conversely, faculty attitudes that they are not accountable to anyone and should be supported even if they retreat from society's concerns is unacceptable. Balance is required. A second tension involves the tradeoff between research and patient care. Resources are limited, and choices must be made. These need to be debated because no formula can provide the answer. Finally, balance in faculty concerns is required. More attention needs to be paid to issues involving the organization and financing of medical care.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Diuretics with Different Durations of Action
Authors: Duncan E. Hutcheon
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A new assay is described for measuring, in patients with congestive heart failure, the therapeutic efficacy of diuretics such as polythiazide, which was shown to have a longer duration of action than hydrochlorothiazide. In terms of weight loss over 1-week periods of therapy with maximal doses of diuretics, there was no significant difference in the activity of hydrochlorothiazide and polythiazide. A prolonged effect on renal sodium excretion, therefore, is not necessarily associated with an improvement in net therapeutic efficacy when these drugs are used in the management of fluid retention secondary to congestive heart failure.
Chaos and Organization in Health Care
Authors: Daniel M. Fox
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Letter: Problems with naloxone.
Authors: S C Allen
Journal: BMJ (1975)

presenting with the severe form of this ill- ness, as described above.Surgery should be avoided,' 2 as the majority of cases described have improved with supportive treatmente-3 together with systemic and/or local steroids and more recently cholestyramine.4A firm diagnosis can usually be made at sigmoido- scopy and rectal biopsy, thereby distinguishing it from acute ulcerative colitis, which the barium enema cannot do.5Clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis is now well described.Estimates of the incidence in patients taking this drug vary from 000001 % 2 to 10% .3As this ill- ness may be severe, protracted, and life- threatening we wish to make a plea that this antibiotic be used only for severe anaerobic infections such as bacteroides septicaemia.We feel that its activity against Gram- positive infections does not justify its use against these organisms as the drug of choice.-Weare, etc.,
Comments on recent advances and recommendations for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred as antinuclear antibodies
Authors: Michael Mahler, Thierry Dervieux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Despite significant efforts and advances in the field of autoimmune diagnostics, the standardisation and proper use of antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing in clinical practice remains a challenge. Recently, important contributions attempting to clarify and add rigour to this area have been published.1 ,2 In particular, the recommendations published by Agmon-Levin et al 1 address very important issues that confront contemporary laboratory medicine. Using a Delphi approach, the authors generated 25 recommendations for the detection of anticellular antibodies, previously referred to ANA, and anti-dsDNA antibodies. In a second important paper, Bossuyt and Fieuws reported added value of solid phase assays (SPA).2 Considering the high impact of published recommendations and associated editorials, careful verification, validation, clarification, education and, if necessary, adjustments are crucial. Some of the recent recommendations requiring further clarification are summarised and discussed in this article.

View this table:

Table 1 
Comments about recommendations for the detection of anticelluar antibodies



Agmon-Levin et al , make an exceedingly important point that the nomenclature of autoantibodies found in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) sera is inconsistent, misleading and/or not in keeping with contemporary cell and molecular biology terminology. The terms ‘antinuclear antibodies’ (ANA) and ‘extractable nuclear antigens’ (ENA) are no longer technically correct and do not cover the entire spectrum of relevant autoantibodies. ‘ANA’ using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), as well as some other screening assays, detect antibodies directed against nuclear and non-nuclear elements (as in their recommendation 13), while ‘ENA’ may refer to some antigens that are neither extractable nor nuclear. Therefore, it is highly desirable to change these terms to more appropriate and informative ones, such as anticellular antibodies and specific antibodies, respectively. Such a change in nomenclature requires broad agreement and adoption within the broad stakeholder medical …
Lapatinib Plus Paclitaxel Versus Paclitaxel Alone in the Second-Line Treatment of <i>HER2</i>-Amplified Advanced Gastric Cancer in Asian Populations: TyTAN—A Randomized, Phase III Study
Authors: Taroh Satoh, Rui-Hua Xu, Hyun Cheol Chung, Guo-Ping Sun, Toshihiko Doi, Jian-Ming Xu, Akihito Tsuji, Yasushi Omuro, Jin Li, Jin-Wan Wang, Hiroto Miwa, Shu-Kui Qin, Ik-Joo Chung, Kun-Huei Yeh, Ji-Feng Feng, Akihira Mukaiyama, Mikiro Kobayashi, Atsushi Ohtsu, Yung-Jue Bang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose In Asian countries, paclitaxel once per week is used as second-line treatment in advanced gastric cancer, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive tumors. The role of anti-HER2 agents, including lapatinib, in this setting and population is unclear. Patients and Methods TyTAN was a two-part, parallel-group, phase III study in Asian patients. An open-label, dose-optimization phase (n = 12) was followed by a randomized phase (n = 261), in which patients who were HER2 positive by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) received lapatinib 1,500 mg once per day plus once-per-week paclitaxel 80 mg/m 2 or paclitaxel alone. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression (TTP), overall response rate (ORR), time to response, response duration, and safety. Analyses were based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gastrectomy status, prior trastuzumab therapy, and regional subpopulations. Results Median OS was 11.0 months with lapatinib plus paclitaxel versus 8.9 months with paclitaxel alone (P = .1044), with no significant difference in median PFS (5.4 v 4.4 months) or TTP (5.5 v 4.4 months). ORR was higher with lapatinib plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel alone (odds ratio, 3.85; P &lt; .001). Better efficacy with lapatinib plus paclitaxel was demonstrated in IHC3+ compared with IHC0/1+ and 2+ patients and in Chinese compared with Japanese patients. A similar proportion of patients experienced adverse events with each treatment (lapatinib plus paclitaxel, 100% v paclitaxel alone, 98%). Conclusion Lapatinib plus paclitaxel demonstrated activity in the second-line treatment of patients with HER2 FISH-positive IHC3+ advanced gastric cancer but did not significantly improve OS in the intent-to-treat population.
A Pathologic Department.
Authors: M. P. Goff
Journal: JAMA (1899)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with pleasure the letter of Dr. Frank B. Wynn of Indianapolis, Ind., in theJournalof December 2, and take this opportunity of not only indorsing his idea of starting a section on pathology for theAssociation, but I also want to say that I am positive that it will meet with universal support from the physicians of this section, and I trust the subject will be considered by the officers of theAssociation, and favorable action taken at once. An exhibit of this character would undoubtedly draw large crowds to our annual meeting, and there could be no question that it would be one of the most instructive and interesting features that we could have to look forward to from year to year. The exhibit at Columbus, by the Indiana State Medical Society, last June, was to me in many respects the most
APPARATUS FOR SUPPORT OF LEG IN WHITMAN OPERATION
Authors: Armitage Whitman
Journal: JAMA (1928)

It has long been the practice at the Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled to do the Whitman operation—astragalectomy and backward displacement of the foot—as well as many others, with the limb made bloodless by the use of an Esmarch bandage. Following the operation the limb was suspended above the bed to obviate as much as possible the danger of swelling following the return of blood to the limb. In theory the suspension was continuous from the moment of application of the plaster. An intern or orderly returned to the ward with the patient on the stretcher holding the limb elevated, and continued so to hold it until it had been secured in suspension by tapes strung from the head to the foot of the bed. In practice it was found that frequent breaks occurred in this technic, and that in almost every case in which swelling occurred to a noticeable
Inotropic response to hypothermia and the temperature-dependence of ryanodine action in isolated rabbit and rat ventricular muscle: implications for excitation-contraction coupling.
Authors: M J Shattock, D M Bers
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

We have used the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) inhibitor ryanodine to assess the contribution of the SR to the increase in twitch tension seen on cooling the mammalian myocardium. To select a suitable concentration of ryanodine, i.e., one that will exert a maximal effect at all temperatures studied, concentration-response curves for ryanodine action were constructed at 37 degrees, 29 degrees, and 23 degrees C in ventricular muscle from rabbit and rat. Using a concentration of ryanodine (1 microM) that exerted a maximal effect at all temperatures studied, the ability of ryanodine to inhibit SR function at 37 degrees, 29 degrees, and 23 degrees C was then confirmed by using rapid cooling contractures (RCCs) to provide an indirect assessment of the SR calcium content. To estimate the rest decay of the SR calcium content in the absence and presence of ryanodine (1 microM), RCCs were initiated after a range of rest intervals (0.3-300 seconds) in rabbit muscles maintained at 37 degrees, 29 degrees, or 23 degrees C. In the absence of ryanodine, low temperatures elevated RCCs at all rest intervals studied. In the presence of ryanodine, RCCs were only seen at rest intervals shorter than 2.0 seconds, even at 23 degrees C, the lowest temperature studied. Thus, even at 23 degrees C, ryanodine appears to be effective at inhibiting SR calcium release in muscles stimulated at 0.5 Hz (i.e., after 2 seconds rest). Therefore, using this concentration of ryanodine (1 microM) and a stimulation rate of 0.5 Hz, we have investigated the contribution of the SR to the positive inotropic response to hypothermia. Under these conditions, the positive inotropic response to cooling in rabbit ventricle was almost unaffected by the inhibition of the SR with ryanodine. In rat ventricle, a tissue in which SR calcium release may dominate excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, the inotropic response to hypothermia was still observed, although developed tension was strongly depressed at all temperatures. These results suggest that a change in SR function is not the principal mediator of the large (400-500%) increase in force associated with cooling mammalian ventricular muscle from 37 degrees to 25 degrees C. The ryanodine-sensitive fraction of tension development was greatest at 37 degrees C, suggesting that the relative contribution of the SR to tension development in rabbit ventricle is reduced at temperatures below 37 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mapping Fate: A Memoir of Family, Risk, and Genetic Research
Authors: Roger L. Albin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

This eloquent and often moving memoir is the account of a remarkable family's response to a terrible illness. In 1968, Leonore Sabin Wexler was diagnosed as suffering from Huntington's disease, the dominantly inherited disorder that had previously killed her father and three brothers. This highly intelligent and vivacious woman, an honors graduate of Hunter College at the age of 15, experienced the inexorable and typical decline of her cognitive abilities and coordination, the marked alteration of personality and behavior, and the development of the involuntary movements that are the hallmark of Huntington's disease. As is also typical, her diagnosis was preceded by several years in which alterations of personality and behavior were apparent. What ensued was not typical. Mrs Wexler's ex-husband Milton Wexler, a well-known clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst, became an activist in the cause of Huntington's disease. In addition to fund-raising and lobbying, Milton Wexler began the Hereditary Disease
Airway cytokine expression measured by means of protein array in exhaled breath condensate: Correlation with physiologic properties in asthmatic patients
Authors: Kazuto Matsunaga, Satoru Yanagisawa, Tomohiro Ichikawa, Kazuhito Ueshima, Keiichirou Akamatsu, Tsunahiko Hirano, Masanori Nakanishi, Toshiyuki Yamagata, Yoshiaki Minakata, Masakazu Ichinose
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Transcutaneous Multielectrode Basket Catheter for Endocardial Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in the Pig
Authors: Michael Eldar, Dan G. Ohad, Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Zeev Rotstein, Steve Hsu, David K. Swanson, Arnold J. Greenspon
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Endocardial mapping using standard electrode catheters is often technically limited in ventricular tachycardia and constitutes a major obstacle to successful ablation. We wished to examine the utility of a basket-shaped multielectrode mapping catheter (MMC) in the mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia. Methods and Results This study of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT) was conducted in two phases in the postinfarction pig model. In the first phase, the utility of the MMC in providing adequate localization of potential ablation site(s) of SMVT by different techniques (presystolic potentials, pace mapping, and concealed entrainment) was assessed in 21 pigs. In the second phase, ablation of induced SMVT was attempted in 10 pigs. Mapping of SMVT was performed after percutaneous introduction of the MMC to the LV. Comprehensive mapping was performed in 90 episodes of SMVT and required 2.0 to 25 seconds. Diastolic potentials were recorded during 86 episodes; good or identical pace maps (≥9 of 12 paced surface ECG leads identical to ventricular tachycardia surface ECG leads) were obtained in 25 of 31 maps, and entrainment was achieved during 28 of 42 SMVTs. In 10 pigs, 10 SMVTs were recorded at least twice and were considered for radiofrequency ablation. An 8-mm tip ablation catheter was advanced to potential ablation sites with a specially designed “homing” device, requiring a median time of 120 seconds. In these 10 pigs, either identical pace map (≥11 of 12, 6 SMVTs) or concealed entrainment (4 SMVTs) guided the ablation procedure. After ablation, 8 of 10 SMVTs were rendered noninducible, while 2 pigs died during energy application of degeneration of SMVT to ventricular fibrillation. Conclusions The MMC allows rapid, comprehensive, and reliable endocardial mapping during SMVTs, which facilitates successful ablation in the porcine post–myocardial infarction model.
Synergistic Exacerbation of Diastolic Stiffness From Short-term Tachycardia–Induced Cardiodepression and Angiotensin II
Authors: Hideaki Senzaki, Yehezkiel A. Gluzband, Peter H. Pak, Michael T. Crow, Joseph S. Janicki, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Synergistic interaction between angiotensin II (Ang II) and evolving cardiodepression may play an important role in worsening chamber function, particularly in diastole. To test this hypothesis, Ang II was infused at 10 or 17 ng · kg −1 · min −1 in 18 conscious dogs 4 days before and during induction of subacute cardiodepression by 48-hour tachypacing. The lower dose yielded negligible systemic pressure changes. Twelve additional animals served as paced-only controls. Pressure-dimension relations were recorded, and serial endocardial biopsies were obtained to assess histological and metalloproteinase (MMP) changes. Forty-eight–hour pacing alone depressed systolic function but had little effect on diastolic stiffness. Ang II alone only modestly raised diastolic stiffness at both doses and enhanced contractility at the higher dose. These changes recovered toward baseline after a 7-day infusion. However, Ang II (at either dose) combined with 48-hour pacing markedly increased ventricular stiffness (110±26% over baseline) and end-diastolic pressure (22±1.7 mm Hg). In contrast, pacing-induced inotropic and relaxation abnormalities were not exacerbated by Ang II. Zymography revealed MMP activation (72- and 92-kD gelatinases and 52-kDa caseinase) after a 4-day Ang II infusion (at both doses), which persisted during pacing. Tachypacing initiated 24 hours after cessation of a 7-day Ang II infusion also resulted in diastolic stiffening and corresponded with MMP reactivation. Ang II also induced myocyte necrosis, inflammation, and subsequent interstitial fibrosis, but these changes correlated less with chamber mechanics. Thus, Ang II amplifies and accelerates diastolic dysfunction when combined with evolving cardiodepression. This phenomenon may also underlie Ang II influences in late-stage cardiomyopathy, when chamber distensibility declines.
Gene therapy using genetically modified lymphocytes targeting VEGFR-2 inhibits the growth of vascularized syngenic tumors in mice
Authors: Dhanalakshmi Chinnasamy, Zhiya Yu, Marc R. Theoret, Yangbing Zhao, Rajeev K. Shrimali, Richard A. Morgan, Steven A. Feldman, Nicholas P. Restifo, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Immunotherapies based on adoptive cell transfer are highly effective in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, but the use of this approach in other cancer histologies has been hampered by the identification of appropriate target molecules. Immunologic approaches targeting tumor vasculature provide a means for the therapy of multiple solid tumor types. We developed a method to target tumor vasculature, using genetically redirected syngeneic or autologous T cells. Mouse and human T cells were engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeted against VEGFR-2, which is overexpressed in tumor vasculature and is responsible for VEGF-mediated tumor progression and metastasis. Mouse and human T cells expressing the relevant VEGFR-2 CARs mediated specific immune responses against VEGFR-2 protein as well as VEGFR-2-expressing cells in vitro. A single dose of VEGFR-2 CAR-engineered mouse T cells plus exogenous IL-2 significantly inhibited the growth of 5 different types of established, vascularized syngeneic tumors in 2 different strains of mice and prolonged the survival of mice. T cells transduced with VEGFR-2 CAR showed durable and increased tumor infiltration, correlating with their antitumor effect. This approach provides a potential method for the gene therapy of a variety of human cancers.