tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Appraisal of "Supernormal" A-V Conduction
Authors: G. K. MOE, R. W. CHILDERS, J. MERIDETH
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Certain temporal patterns of A-V and V-A transmission in experimental preparations resemble phenomena attributed to "supernormal" conduction in the clinic. Detailed study of the properties of the A-V transmission system in such experiments reveals alternative explanations in which supernormality is clearly eliminated. By application of similar principles, supernormality can be eliminated as a factor in most if not all of the published examples. Three major categories can be discerned: (1) occult 2:1 A-V block, in which an idioventricular beat "retracts" an otherwise refractory barrier within the A-V node; (2) alternation between dissociated intranodal transmission pathways; and (3) "ventriculophasic" (vagal) depression of nodal conductivity.
Advanced carcinoma of the prostate: treatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist.
Authors: J M Allen, J P O'Shea, K Mashiter, G Williams, S R Bloom
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Ten patients with advanced progressive adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with a long acting analogue of gonadotrophin releasing hormone. Eight of these patients responded to treatment in terms of pain relief and clinical regression of tumour. Serum gonadotrophin and testosterone concentrations were significantly suppressed by the end of the second week of treatment, testosterone concentrations being comparable with those achieved by castration. The two patients who failed to respond had both relapsed previously when receiving conventional treatment, and neither showed any endocrine response to the analogue. Superagonists of gonadotrophin releasing hormone may be the treatment of choice in adenocarcinoma of the prostate, but further trials are required to establish long term safety and efficacy.
Mechanism of Action of Calcium-Channel-Blocking Agents
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Calcium ions (Ca++) are vital in many biologic processes, including a variety of enzymatic reactions, activation of excitable cells, coupling of electrical activation to cellular secretion, hemostasis, and the metabolism of bone. The development of drugs that interfere with the entry of Ca++ into cells — variously termed Ca++-channel blockers, Ca++-entry blockers, Ca++ antagonists, and slow-channel blockers — has provided the basic scientist with powerful new tools for the study of the role of this ion in normal as well as pathologic states and has provided the clinician with several important new therapeutic agents for use in . . .
Hypoglycaemic Coma During Change from Insulin to Tolbutamide
Authors: I. M. Baird, D. F. Rickards
Journal: BMJ (1962)

OXYURIASISMWIBsouTI 1585 occurred in only 6 of the 150 cases (4%) and then only in those who received a relatively large volume of the suspension.The drug was completely non-toxic when given in tablet form.This drug represents a great improvement on the previously used oxyuricides and can be hailed as a milestone in the treatment of oxyuriasis.I wish to thank Dr. Mousik, superintendent, St. George's Hospital, Bombay, for allowing me to undertake this study on hospital patients.Thanks are also due to Dr. Nazareth, paediatrician, St
Role of prothrombin complex concentrates in reversing warfarin anticoagulation: A review of the literature
Authors: Cindy A. Leissinger, Philip M. Blatt, W. Keith Hoots, Bruce Ewenstein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Over‐anticoagulation is a common problem with warfarin therapy and can lead to major or life‐threatening bleeding. The goal of urgent warfarin reversal is to elevate or replace vitamin K‐dependent clotting factors. In the United States, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is considered the standard of care for warfarin reversal. Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) offer an alternative to FFP for rapidly replacing deficient clotting factors and correcting the international normalized ratio (INR). However, few prospective clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these concentrates relative to other treatment modalities. A review of the published literature over the last 30 years found that PCCs offer a rapid and specific method for replacing vitamin K‐dependent clotting factors and restoring normal hemostasis in the context of over‐coagulation. In those studies in which PCCs were compared with FFP, PCCs were found more effective in shortening the time to INR correction and were associated with a low risk of thrombotic adverse events. Evidence‐based treatment guidelines are needed to optimize the use of PCCs for warfarin reversal. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary nodular amyloidosis of the glans penis
Authors: N. Meo, G. Stinco, S. De Marchi, G. Trevisan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Primary nodular amyloidosis of the glans penis Get access N. Di Meo, N. Di Meo Department of Dermatology and Venereology Univesity of Trieste Piazza Ospedale I Trieste 34129 Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Stinco, G. Stinco Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Institute of Dermatology University of Udine Udine Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. De Marchi, S. De Marchi Department of Dermatology and Venereology Univesity of Trieste Piazza Ospedale I Trieste 34129 Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Trevisan G. Trevisan Department of Dermatology and Venereology Univesity of Trieste Piazza Ospedale I Trieste 34129 Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 5, 1 November 2014, Pages 1245–1247, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13078 Published: 01 November 2014
Doctors are key to welfare reform
Authors: C. Bambra
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The UK government's comprehensive spending review has set out plans for unprecedented cuts to public sector funding. A particular focus has been on the Department for Work and Pensions' budget and the £192bn (€215bn; $300bn) paid each year in welfare benefits. Most attention has focused on incapacity related benefits (Incapacity Benefit, Disability Living Allowance, and Employment and Support Allowance), which account for £12.5bn of the welfare bill. The coalition government intends to move all the current 2.6 million recipients of incapacity related benefits onto other benefits (such as Jobseeker's Allowance or Employment and Support Allowance). This will be done by using private sector agencies to reassess the health and fitness of all recipients over the next four years. Those deemed "fit for work" will be transferred immediately to the lower paying Jobseeker's Allowance (box). Those deemed to be too "incapacitated" for work will be placed on the Employment and Support Allowance, with a "support" premium and no conditions. Those considered "sick but able to work" will be placed on Employment and Support Allowance with a "work related activity" premium. Failure to engage in compulsory "work related activity" would result in loss of this premium and placement on the basic rate of the Employment and Support Allowance. #### Weekly benefit rates in 2010
Effect of ammonium chloride and urea infusions on ammonium levels and acidity of gastric juice.
Authors: B Fleshler, G J Gabuzda
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The evidence presented here favours the possibility that gastric ammonium is produced from the urea in the blood through the action of a non-bacterial gastric urease.It also originates from blood ammonium which is transferred from blood into the gastric juice, the amount depending upon the level of the blood ammonium and the pH gradient between blood and gastric juice and the state of gastric secretion.
Gene Order and Recombination Rate in Homologous Chromosome Regions of the Chicken and a Passerine Bird
Authors: D. A. Dawson, M. Akesson, T. Burke, J. M. Pemberton, J. Slate, B. Hansson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Genome structure has been found to be highly conserved between distantly related birds and recent data for a limited part of the genome suggest that this is true also for the gene order (synteny) within chromosomes. Here, we confirm that synteny is maintained for large chromosomal regions in chicken and a passerine bird, the great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus, with few rearrangements, but in contrast show that the recombination-based linkage map distances differ substantially between these species. We assigned a chromosomal location based on sequence similarity to the chicken genome sequence to a set of microsatellite loci mapped in a pedigree of great reed warblers. We detected homologous loci on 14 different chromosomes corresponding to chicken chromosomes Gga1-5, 7-9, 13, 19, 20, 24, 25, and Z. It is known that 2 passerine macrochromosomes correspond to the chicken chromosome Gga1. Homology of 2 different great reed warbler linkage groups (LG13 and LG5) to Gga1 allowed us to locate the split to a position between 20.8 and 84.8 Mb on Gga1. Data from the 5 chromosomal regions (on Gga1, 2, 3, 5, and Z) with 3 or more homologous loci showed that synteny was conserved with the exception of 2 large previously unreported inversions on Gga1/LG5 and Gga2/LG3, respectively. Recombination data from the 9 chromosomal regions in which we identified 2 or more homologous loci (accounting for the inversions) showed that the linkage map distances in great reed warblers were only 6.3% and 13.3% of those in chickens for males and females, respectively. This is likely to reflect the true interspecific difference in recombination rate because our markers were not located in potentially low-recombining regions: several linkage groups covered a substantial part of their corresponding chicken chromosomes and were not restricted to centromeres. We conclude that recombination rates may differ strongly between bird species with highly conserved genome structure and synteny and that the chicken linkage map may not be suitable, in terms of genetic distances, as a model for all bird species.
Abstract 2049: Role of hypoxia-induced upregulation of caveolin-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion
Authors: Sivia Yuen Sze Wong, Edith Yuk Ting Tse, Judy Wai Ping Yam
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Intratumoral hypoxia occurs when cells in the inner core of solid tumor mass become deprived of oxygen. It correlates with an increased risk to develop metastasis. However, the molecular basis about the adaptation and survival of tumor cells in hypoxic environment remains obscure. Our recent data revealed that Cav1, a component of focal adhesion, is dramatically increased in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and tissues, suggesting a role of Cav1 in HCC metastasis. In this study, we further investigated the potential role of Cav1 in HCC metastasis under hypoxia. Our data revealed that Cav1 mRNA and protein expressions were enhanced in various HCC cells lines when placed in hypoxic chamber or treated with hypoxic mimetic drug. Such upregulation of Cav1 was abolished with the addition of HIF1α inhibitor or depletion of HIF1α by siRNA. This suggests that hypoxia-induced Cav1 expression is HIF1α-dependent. Our findings also showed that HCC cells possessed enhanced motility under hypoxia. However, knockdown of Cav1 in HCC cells attenuated the capacity of cells to migrate and invade. Collectively, our study suggests that the increased motility of HCC cells conferred by the hypoxia-induced Cav1 expression is an adaptive mechanism of cells to survive under hypoxic stress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2049. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2049
Chronic intermittent hypoxia aggravates intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Manuel Hernández-Guerra, Zaida Adrián de Ganzo, Yanira González-Méndez, Eduardo Salido, Pedro Abreu, Miguel Moreno, Vanesa Felipe, Beatriz Abrante, Enrique Quintero
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) occurs with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and provokes systemic endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with oxidative stress and low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Cirrhotic livers exhibit intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction, which is characterized by an impaired endothelium-dependent response to vasodilators and hyperresponse to vasoconstrictors. We hypothesized that CIH may also contribute to intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis. Normal and cirrhotic rats were exposed for 14 days to repetitive cycles of CIH mimicking OSAS in humans, or caged with room air (handled controls [HC]). Hepatic endothelial function was assessed in isolated and perfused rat livers by dose-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh) and methoxamine (Mtx). In a group of cirrhotic rats, in vivo systemic and hepatic hemodynamic parameters were evaluated at baseline and after volume expansion. In addition, liver samples were obtained to assess endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS), NO bioavailability, and nitrotyrosinated proteins as a marker of oxidative stress. Cirrhotic rats exposed to CIH exhibited an attenuated vasodilatory response to ACh and hyperresponse to Mtx compared with HC rats. During volume expansion, similar portal pressure increases were observed in CIH and HC rats, although the mean arterial pressure increase was lower after CIH. These functional responses were associated with the presence of increased hepatic oxidative stress without changes in p-eNOS after CIH exposure. In normal rats, no hemodynamic changes were found. Conclusion : CIH exacerbates intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction in cirrhotic rats, which is associated with increased oxidative stress that may reduce NO bioavailability. Clinical studies are needed to assess whether OSAS contributes to endothelial impairment in human patients with cirrhosis.
Radioimmunodetection of cancer: problems and potential.
Authors: E M Rankin, J G McVie
Journal: BMJ (1983)

tion of polyclonal goat anticarcinoembryonic antigen anti? bodies. They accurately located 85% of colorectal cancers, 88% of ovarian cancers, 90% of cervical cancers, 71% of lung cancers, 50% of pancreatic cancers, 40% of primary breast cancers, and 78% of metastatic breast cancers.2 Plasma concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen did not always correlate with the results of radioimmunodetection : tumour was seen in some cases with normal concentrations and missed in some with high concentrations. Most of the sites that were missed were less than 2 cm diameter, and some of the positive sites later confirmed as malignant were not identified with conventional detection methods. Unfortunately, other groups have had difficulty in matching these results. Dykes et al were able to detect four of five primary sites and eight of 11 metastatic sites in 15 patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms using polyclonal sheep anti? carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies.5 In three patients the technique was totally unsuccessful: in two cases technical problems may have contributed, but in the third there seems no explanation for the failure of the method to locate the tumour. Another study using goat and baboon anticarcino? embryonic antigen antibodies gave some disturbing results.6 Deiodination in vivo was rapid, up to half of the administered 131I being excreted in the urine within the first 24 hours, resulting in poor imaging. Four of 27 tumour sites were identified without resort to subtraction techniques, but false positive results were generated in every case with subtraction.
Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissues from general populations: a selective review
Authors: Arnold Schecter, Peter Fürst, Christiane Fürst, Olaf Päpke, Michael Ball, John J. Ryan, Hoang Dinh Cau, Le Cao Dai, Hoang Trong Quynh, H. Q. Cuong, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong, Pham Hoang Phiet, Albert Beim, John Constable, James Startin, My Samedy, Yit Kim Seng
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

During the past decade a considerable amount of data has been generated concerning polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels in humans from many geographical locations. To organize these data in a useful fashion for environmental purposes and for consideration of human toxicity, selected portions of our data are presented in a somewhat atypical fashion, by percentage contribution of individual congeners to total PCDD/Fs in human tissue, and to the total dioxin equivalents (TEq). This is done to better characterize congener contributions from environmental contamination in various geographical regions at this time and health-related levels. To present the findings in a global perspective, data from widely different locations are presented including the United States, Germany, Vietnam, the former Soviet Union, Thailand, Cambodia, China, South Africa, and Guam.
THE ELECTROCOAGULATION METHOD OF TREATING DISEASED TONSILS
Authors: FRANK J. NOVAK
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Various writers in this country, and, more particularly, in Germany, have recently been advocating the removal of the faucial tonsils by means of electrocoagulation. The virtues ascribed to this method, if they were true, would cast into discard the traditional methods of tonsillectomy. The application of the high frequency current to the tonsil, thereby coagulating it, is a simple office procedure. It is a bloodless operation, quickly performed, requiring no skill, dexterity or experience on the part of the operator. The high frequency current is readily controlled. Under suitable local anesthesia, the procedure can be carried out almost painlessly. With such obvious advantages, it is easily understood why this method should appeal so strongly to the general practitioner, and, perhaps, also to the specialist. One need but consider the tremendous interest aroused by the recent advocacy of the roentgen-ray treatment of diseased tonsils to understand why any plan which offers
Cimetidine Inhibits the Formation of the Reactive, Toxic Metabolite of Isoniazid in Rats But Not in Man
Authors: Bernhard H. Lauterburg, Elizabeth L. Todd, Charles V. Smith, Jerry R. Mitchell
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

The hepatotoxicity of isoniazid in rats results from the metabolic activation of acetylhydrazine, a metabolite of isoniazid, by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system. Inhibition of the drugmetabolizing enzyme system with a compound suitable for clinical use such as cimetidine might therefore prevent liver injury in experimental animals and in patients on isoniazid without interfering with the antituberculous activity of the drug. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of cimetidine on acetylhydrazine–induced hepatocellular necrosis in rats and the formation of 14 CO 2 from [ 14 C]acetylisoniazid, which provides an indirect assessment of the fraction of a dose of isoniazid metabolized via the toxifying pathway. Pretreatment of rats with 150 mg per kg of cimetidine significantly decreased the extent of hepatocellular necrosis produced by 100 mg per kg of aeetylhydrazine and the formation of 14 CO 2 from [ 14 C]acetylisoniazid. In man, however, 300 mg of cimetidine administered every 6 hr did not decrease the formation of 14 CO 2 from [ 14 C] acetylisoniazid administered concomitantly with 300 mg of isoniazid; similarly, cimetidine did not affect the urinary excretion of isoniazid, acetylisoniazid, acetylhydrazine and diacetylhydrazine. These data demonstrate that the mechanistic information obtained in animal models cannot be applied readily in clinical practice and that measurable inhibition of acetylhydrazine metabolism to prevent isoniazid liver injury does not occur after administration of therapeutic doses of cimetidine to patients.
The Accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Darrell M. Wilson, Roy W. Beck, William V. Tamborlane, Mariya J. Dontchev, Craig Kollman, Peter Chase, Larry A. Fox, Katrina J. Ruedy, Eva Tsalikian, Stuart A. Weinzimer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

To evaluate the accuracy and precision of the FreeStyle Navigator continuous glucose monitoring system in children with type 1 diabetes.In 30 children with type 1 diabetes (mean age 11.2 +/- 4.1 years), the Navigator glucose values were compared with reference serum glucose values of blood samples obtained in an inpatient clinical research center and measured in a central laboratory using a hexokinase enzymatic method and in an outpatient setting with a FreeStyle meter. Median absolute difference (AD) and median relative absolute difference (RAD) were computed for sensor-reference and sensor-sensor pairs.The median AD and RAD were 17 mg/dl and 12%, respectively, for 1,811 inpatient sensor-reference pairs and 20 mg/dl and 14%, respectively, for 8,639 outpatient pairs. The median RAD between two simultaneous Navigator measurements (n = 1,971) was 13%. Ninety-one percent of sensors in the inpatient setting and 81% of sensors in the outpatient setting had a median RAD < or = 20%.The Navigator's accuracy does not yet approach the accuracy of current-generation home glucose meters, but it is sufficient to believe that the device has the potential to be an important adjunct to treatment of youth with type 1 diabetes.
Insufficiency Fracture in the Proximal Radial Shaft
Authors: DAVID GROSHAR, ELISHA BARMEIR, MICHAEL ROZENBAUM, ITZHAK ROSNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Insufficiency or fatigue fracture usually involves the lower extremities. It is unusual in the upper extremity and usually the humerus or the ulna are affected. Only a few cases of fatigue fracture of the distal radius have been previously reported and insufficiency fracture of the proximal radial shaft as presented here has not been reported.
Cobalt Test for the Detection of Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: LESLIE S. VALBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A test to detect iron deficiency anemia is based on the 6-hour urinary excretion of oral 57Co. The mean excretion in 25 healthy control subjects 31 to 75 years of age with stainable iron in the marrow was 7.3% (range, 4% to 11%). Twenty-six patients with iron deficiency anemia excreted more than 12% of the dose, whereas 30 patients with anemia from other causes excreted less than 11%. Cobalt excretion was also markedly increased in subjects who had iron deficiency without anemia and moderately increased in nonanemic subjects with recent blood loss, even when stainable iron was present in the marrow. The cobalt test does not supplant simpler diagnostic techniques, but it does provide the clinician with a practical alternative to bone marrow aspiration in the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. It is particularly applicable in mild iron deficiency anemia and in differentiating iron deficency anemia from anemia due to other causes.
Yellow fever--cause for concern?
Authors: D Cattan
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Seventeen patient with sinoatrial block and 16 healthy volunteers were investigated with recently developed autonomic tests of atrial pacemaker function. Only one patients was found to be entirely normal in comparison with normal subjects, while another patients had supernormal responses. Fifteen patients had reduced responses relative to the controls implying impaired atrial pacemaker function or sinoatrial disease. It is suggested that while in some cases sinoatrial block may be of physiological origin, it is more often due to sinoatrial disease. The latter group are liable to Adams-Stokes syncope and may have additional atricventricular conduction abnormalities. The possible mechanisms and treatment of sinoatrial block are discussed relative to the autonomic and pacemaker function abnormalities described.