tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Three-Phase Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan in Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Authors: E. GOSHEN, S. T. ZWAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) is characterized by pain, swelling, vasomotor disturbances, and trophic dermal changes, often precipitated by trauma, myocardial infarction, or neurologic disease. Radiographic findings are nonspecific. Three-phase bone scans generally disclose increased perfusion, as well as increased uptake in the periarticular areas of the affected extremity in early and delayed phases. A case is presented in which RSDS was first limited to one leg. After successful treatment, the patient presented with RSDS in the contralateral leg. Images then revealed complete resolution of the original findings, together with findings consistent with RSDS in the symptomatic leg.
Mechanistic aspects of ingested chlorine dioxide on thyroid function: impact of oxidants on iodide metabolism.
Authors: J P Bercz, L L Jones, R M Harrington, R Bawa, L Condie
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Toxicological studies dealing with recent findings of health effects of drinking water disinfectants are reviewed. Experiments with monkeys and rodents indicate that the biological activity of ingested disinfectants is expressed via their chemical interaction with the mucosal epithelia, secretory products, and nutritional contents of the alimentary tract. Evidence exists that a principal partner of this redox interaction is the iodide of nutritional origin that is ubiquitous in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus the observation that subchronic exposure to chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in drinking water decreases serum thyroxine levels in mammalian species can be best explained with changes produced in the chemical form of the bioavailable iodide. Ongoing and previously reported mechanistic studies indicate that oxidizing agents such as chlorine-based disinfectants oxidize the basal iodide content of the gastrointestinal tract. The resulting reactive iodine species readily attaches to organic matter by covalent bonding. Evidence suggests that the extent to which such iodinated organics are formed is proportional to the magnitude of the electromotive force and stoichiometry of the redox couple between iodide and the disinfectant. Because the extent of thyroid uptake of the bioavailable iodide does not decrease during ClO2 ingestion, it seems that ClO2 does not cause iodide deficiency of sufficient magnitude to account for the decrease in hormonogenesis. Absorption of one or more of iodinated molecules, e.g., nutrients, hormones, or cellular constituents of the alimentary tract having thyromimetic or thyroid inhibitory properties, is a better hypothesis for the effects seen.
Targeted deletion of Vegfa in adult mice induces vision loss
Authors: Toshihide Kurihara, Peter D. Westenskow, Stephen Bravo, Edith Aguilar, Martin Friedlander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Current therapies directed at controlling vascular abnormalities in cancers and neovascular eye diseases target VEGF and can slow the progression of these diseases. While the critical role of VEGF in development has been well described, the function of locally synthesized VEGF in the adult eye is incompletely understood. Here, we show that conditionally knocking out Vegfa in adult mouse retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells, which regulate retinal homeostasis, rapidly leads to vision loss and ablation of the choriocapillaris, the major blood supply for the outer retina and photoreceptor cells. This deletion also caused rapid dysfunction of cone photoreceptors, the cells responsible for fine visual acuity and color vision. Furthermore, Vegfa deletion showed significant downregulation of multiple angiogenic genes in both physiological and pathological states, whereas the deletion of the upstream regulatory transcriptional factors HIFs did not affect the physiological expressions of angiogenic genes. These results suggest that endogenous VEGF provides critical trophic support necessary for retinal function. Targeting factors upstream of VEGF, such as HIFs, may be therapeutically advantageous compared with more potent and selective VEGF antagonists, which may have more off-target inhibitory trophic effects.
Massive Infarction of the Right Ventricle and Atrium
Authors: EARL A. ZAUS, WALTER M. KEARNS
Journal: Circulation (1952)

This is a report of a case of massive infarction of the right ventricle and atrium, expanded to include similar cases found in the literature. The clinical manifestations are believed to confirm views expressed by others that peripheral congestive failure is not immediately related to failure of the right ventricle. The diagnostic value of the electrocardiogram in this lesion is examined.
Abstract 4044: microRNA mimics as cancer therapeutics
Authors: Chritopher L. Daige, Robert B. Fields, ChuanYu Li, Will Cantley, Akin Akinc, Balkrishen Bhat, Eric G. Marcusson, Peter S. Linsley
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. The mRNA targets of microRNAs are usually determined based on complementarily to the 5′ end of the microRNA; the area termed the seed sequence. One microRNA can have more than 100 mRNA targets that are usually inhibited by ∼50%. The expression of microRNAs has been shown to be dysregulated in numerous cancer types. These dysregulated microRNAs can act to either positively or negatively regulate initiation, proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. Some of the most important pathways in cancer biology (e.g. the Ras and p53 pathways) have been shown to interact with microRNAs. Therefore, both inhibiting and replacing microRNAs have therapeutic potential in oncology. We are using technology similar to that used for antisense oligonucleotides and lipid nanoparticle formulated siRNAs, both of which are currently in clinical trials for cancer, to determine the best potential microRNA based therapeutics to develop as drugs. In this report we will focus on our attempts to introduce mimics of microRNAs known to be down-regulated in tumors (e.g. miR-34a). Initial experiments were performed in wild-type mice and demonstrated the ability to deliver microRNA mimics to the liver and to affect gene expression in a seed sequence-dependent manner. These results, along with effects of successful microRNA introduction into an orthotopic xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4044.
THE CAUSES OF DEATH IN ABDOMINAL SURGERY AND THEIR TREATMENT.
Authors: J. WESLEY BOVÉE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Great advances have been made in abdominal surgery during the past two decades and the mortality rate has been very materially reduced. As a fair illustration of this progress hysterectomy might be mentioned and may be said to have changed from an unjustifiable operation with a mortality rate varying from 80 to 90 per cent., to one of the most common of abdominal operations having a fatality of about 5 per cent. It is not necessary to state that this wonderful change is the result of the peculiar special attention devoted to this line of work. But contentment should not exist with a death rate following operation in this region, slightly less than that of unoperated cases. So far as it is directly due to surgical operations we should endeavor to reduce it to zero, and not until then will we be able to rest contented. The complete abolition of
RECENT CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON TINEA VERSICOLOR.
Authors: CHARLES WARRENNE ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The statement has recently been made that nothing further is to be learned from the clinical side of study in dermatology, and that all progress in this direction must come from effort to exhaust the possibilities of bacteriology and histology. Granting that the preponderance of recent advances have been due to the finer scientific explorations with the aid of instruments of precision, and that this must continue to be the case, still, I can not believe that the clinical field has been exhausted. If it were not as true as it would seem to be that there is nothing new beneath the sun, the proposition that clinical discoveries are at an end might be successfully defended. Fortunately or unfortunately, we are prone to forget and are misled as to facts, once perhaps known and their importance appreciated. Rediscoveries must be made before we either learn of or come to realize
Mechanism of Pacemaking in <i>I</i> <sub>K1</sub> -Downregulated Myocytes
Authors: Jonathan Silva, Yoram Rudy
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Biological pacemakers were recently created by genetic suppression of inward rectifier potassium current, I(K1), in guinea pig ventricular cells. We simulated these cells by adjusting I(K1) conductance in the Luo-Rudy model of the guinea pig ventricular myocyte. After 81% I(K1) suppression, the simulated cell reached steady state with pacemaker period of 594 ms. Pacemaking current is carried by the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, I(NaCa), which depends on the intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i. This [Ca2+]i dependence suggests responsiveness (increase in rate) to beta-adrenergic stimulation (betaAS), as observed experimentally. Simulations of betaAS demonstrate such responsiveness, which depends on I(NaCa) expression. However, a simultaneous betaAS-mediated increase in the slow delayed rectifier, I(Ks), limits betaAS sensitivity.
Rimonabant reduces obesity-associated hepatic steatosis and features of metabolic syndrome in obese Zucker fa/fa rats
Authors: Magali Gary-Bobo, Ghizlane Elachouri, Jean François Gallas, Philip Janiak, Pietro Marini, Christine Ravinet-Trillou, Michèle Chabbert, Noël Cruccioli, Christian Pfersdorff, Claude Roque, Michèle Arnone, Tiziano Croci, Philippe Soubrié, Florence Oury-Donat, Jean Pierre Maffrand, Bernard Scatton, Frederic Lacheretz, Gérard Le Fur, Jean Marc Herbert, Mohammed Bensaid
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

This study investigated the effects of rimonabant (SR141716), an antagonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), on obesity-associated hepatic steatosis and related features of metabolic syndrome: inflammation (elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha]), dyslipidemia, and reduced plasma levels of adiponectin. We report that oral treatment of obese (fa/fa) rats with rimonabant (30 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks abolished hepatic steatosis. This treatment reduced hepatomegaly, reduced elevation of plasma levels of enzyme markers of hepatic damage (alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) and decreased the high level of local hepatic TNFalpha currently associated with steatohepatitis. In parallel, treatment of obese (fa/fa) rats with rimonabant reduced the high plasma level of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha and increased the reduced plasma level of the anti-inflammatory hormone adiponectin. Finally, rimonabant treatment also improved dyslipidemia by both decreasing plasma levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and total cholesterol and increasing the HDLc/LDLc ratio. All the effects of rimonabant found in this study were not or only slightly observed in pair-fed obese animals, highlighting the additional beneficial effects of treatment with rimonabant compared to diet. These results demonstrate that rimonabant plays a hepatoprotective role and suggest that this CB1 receptor antagonist potentially has clinical applications in the treatment of obesity-associated liver diseases and related features of metabolic syndrome.
Elevated serum free light chains are associated with inferior event free and overall survival in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Carrie A. Thompson, Matthew J. Maurer, James R. Cerhan, Jerry A. Katzmann, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas M. Habermann, William R. Macon, George J. Weiner, Brian K. Link, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

The serum free light chain (FLC) assay quantitates free immunoglobulin kappa and lambda light chains, which has prognostic value in plasma cell dyscrasias. However, there is limited data on serum FLC in lymphoid malignancies. We analyzed the association of pretreatment FLC with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in 100 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Elevated polyclonal FLC were present in 30% of patients; these patients had an inferior EFS (HR = 4.84; 95% CI: 1.84-12.7) and OS (HR = 8.87; 95% CI: 2.35-33.52) compared to patients with normal FLC. Further studies of FLC in HL are warranted.
The Nutritionally Unsound 'Nutritional and Metabolic Antineoplastic Diet' of Laetrile Proponents
Authors: Victor Herbert
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In<i>Laetrile Case Histories</i>, Richardson and Griffin<sup>1</sup>delineate the "nutritional and metabolic antineoplastic diet" of laetrile proponents. The diet calls for the following: No meat, fish, or fowl. These are the major sources of absorbable iron in the American diet. Their lack results in a much higher frequency of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, thereby harming cancer patients.<sup>2</sup> No dairy products. These are the main sources of calcium in the American diet. Lack of adequate calcium damages bone maintenance, thereby harming cancer patients.<sup>2</sup> No animal protein. Animal protein is the exclusive source of vitamin B12 in the American diet, with the exception of vitamin B12-fortified foods and microorganisms such as seaweed. Lack of this vitamin interferes with basic biochemical processes in normal tissue, thereby harming cancer patients.<sup>2</sup> Increased ingestion of fruits and vegetables. Such a diet is high in bulk and low
Safety of Therapy for Allergic Symptoms During Pregnancy
Authors: Paul Allen Greenberger, R. Patterson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

We undertook a literature review to document whether certain therapeutic measures could be considered safe during pregnancy in the allergic patient. With the possible exception of brompheniramine, the commonly used antihistamine drugs appear to be safe during pregnancy. The bronchodilators ephedrine and theophylline also appear to be safe, as does cromolyn. Corticosteroids do not appear to have adverse effects in pregnancy beyond those well recognized in nonpregnant patients. Because side effects are reduced when steroids are administered as aerosols in the nose or lung, these preparations seem well suited for use in pregnancy. The safety of allergic immunotherapy has been confirmed. For asthma, annual influenza vaccination is indicated.
STREPTOCOCCI, NEPHRITIS AND THE SKIN
Authors: W. C. Noble
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article STREPTOCOCCI, NEPHRITIS AND THE SKIN Get access W. C. Noble W. C. Noble St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin Homerton Grove London, E.9 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 6, 1 June 1970, Pages 620–621, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb06106.x Published: 01 June 1970
Thrombocytopenia in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Authors: Charles E. Mengel, Carl Trygstad
Journal: JAMA (1963)

PURPURA is a common manifestation of several infections including Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF), meningococcemia, bacterial endocarditis, and sepsis, and may occur in rubella, varicella, measles, tuberculosis, infectious mononucleosis, and scarlet fever.<sup>1-3</sup>Although thrombocytopenia may occur in most of these, its occurrence in RMSF is not frequent<sup>4-6</sup>and we are aware of only one previous case report specifically calling attention to this association.<sup>7</sup>Recently a patient with documented RMSF was admitted to this hospital with severe thrombocytopenia, pursued a rapid downhill course, and died. It is the purpose of this paper to call attention to this rather unusual association. <h3>Case Report</h3> A 40-yr-old female developed fever and chills with malaise 9 days prior to admission to this hospital. Four days prior to admission she received a single intramuscular injection of penicillin, and because of a progressive downhill course, was admitted to another hospital. At that time a
Higher liver fat content among Japanese in Japan compared with non-Hispanic whites in the United States
Authors: Koichiro Azuma, Takashi Kadowaki, Cemal Cetinel, Aya Kadota, Aiman El-Saed, Sayaka Kadowaki, Daniel Edmundowicz, Yoshihiko Nishio, Kim Sutton-Tyrrell, Tomonori Okamura, Rhobert W. Evans, Tomoko Takamiya, Hirotsugu Ueshima, J. David Curb, Robert D. Abbott, Lewis H. Kuller, David E. Kelley, Akira Sekikawa
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
THE RÔLE OF THE STATE HOSPITAL IN MENTAL HYGIENE
Authors: J. ALLEN JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1931)

In reviewing the care of the mentally ill and the fundamentals of the mental hygiene movement, to wit, the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, one notes a definite rôle that the mental hospital has always played and always will play in the movement: a rôle that will not be effaced but, on the contrary, will become more prominent with the passing years. The rôle of a research and treatment agency cannot be denied the mental hospital of the past. The great mass of knowledge on mental hygiene now possessed came through such institutions. The part played by these institutions in the broader fields of prevention, through mental clinics, social service and educational activities, in more recent years likewise tends to fix them more permanently as the keystone in any physical organization for the practical application of mental hygiene. In rural districts, particularly, these institutions have become such integral
A Textbook of Gynecology
Authors: Byford Heskett
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This new textbook printed on good quality paper with good type is pleasantly readable. The author has made some new approaches to facilitate the teaching of gynecology. The purpose of the book is to present a new and modern summary of present-day gynecology in a brief and clear manner. Most textbooks are much too detailed and contain so much philosophy that they are too voluminous for practical purposes. This book may act as an outline for teachers, and, in addition, it is intended to interest the practicing physician. Pathology is stressed. After the pathogenesis of the individual disease has been considered, the symptoms of the patient become more understandable. Similarly, the diagnosis based on the physical examination and laboratory findings may be reached more logically, and the treatment can be more appropriately prescribed. Certain operative techniques are described briefly. The author spends much time describing the various hormones and their
Sir Anthony Grabham
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Surgeon and influential medical politician



Keith Breeden

The climax of the career of Sir Anthony Grabham, the most accomplished medical politician of his generation, came in a meeting with the prime minister, Harold Wilson, in 1975. Barbara Castle, who was secretary of state for health, was proposing to phase out private practice from NHS hospitals and change the consultant contract to favour full timers over part timers. Consultants opposed this strongly as they felt it betrayed the contract they’d agreed with Aneurin Bevan at the start of the NHS.

At the time Grabham was the chair of the Central Committee for Hospital Medical Services (CCHMS, the “consultants’ committee” of the BMA), and he put together a “grand alliance” of the BMA, the royal colleges, BUPA, and a member of the Hospital Consultants Association (HCA), a body that then threatened the BMA’s pre-eminence in representing consultants. For £20 000 (about £90 000 now) the alliance hired Lord Goodman, a friend of Wilson and the fixer of his day. He arranged a meeting of the group with Wilson and with a single phone call ensured an editorial supporting the consultants in a leading newspaper.

Goodman’s advice was that only Grabham speak in the meeting despite him being the most junior. Grabham expected Wilson to be a “rough diamond,” but he was dressed smartly and smoking a big cigar when the doctors arrived. Surrounded by older and grander men, including the presidents of the royal colleges, Grabham put the consultants’ case in what we can be sure was his clear, precise, polite, but firm manner. Wilson asked the then president of the Royal College of Surgeons what he thought, but, following Goodman’s advice, the president said that only Grabham would answer for the profession.

The meeting was a success in that a compromise was found …
Drug Resistance in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells During Recovery From Severe Hypoxia
Authors: R. E. Wilson, P. C. Keng, R. M. Sutherland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to hypoxia developed an 80-fold resistance to a subsequent 1-hour exposure to doxorubicin (ADR) in air. Recovery in air before drug exposure resulted in loss of resistance. Cells exposed to hypoxia for 20 hours followed by a 15-hour recovery were still twofold to threefold more resistant than aerobic cells to a short pulse of ADR. A subpopulation of cells was generated that was at least twice as large as aerobic cells and contained greater than normal G2-M DNA content. This subpopulation showed no resistance to a continuous exposure to either ADR or methotrexate, nor was it more resistant to a pulse of ADR than the remaining cells with normal DNA content. Our data indicate that hypoxia can produce significant ADR resistance. However, conditions resulting in overproduced DNA did not cause significant additional resistance. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81:1235–1240, 1989]
Doppler evaluation of results of percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty in calcific aortic stenosis.
Authors: R A Nishimura, D R Holmes, G S Reeder, T A Orszulak, J F Bresnahan, D M Ilstrup, A J Tajik
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To evaluate the short-term results of percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty, 55 consecutive elderly patients with symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis who were at high risk for surgical intervention underwent the procedure, with follow-up by clinical evaluation and Doppler echocardiography. Over a mean follow-up of 6.2 months, there were three early deaths (less than 30 days) and eight late deaths. Nine patients underwent subsequent aortic valve surgery, and four had repeat balloon valvuloplasty. Doppler echocardiography revealed a reduction in aortic valve mean gradient from 48 +/- 18 to 33 +/- 12 mm Hg after the procedure (p less than 0.0001) but a return to 46 +/- 16 mm Hg at follow-up (p less than 0.05). The aortic valve area increased from 0.54 +/- 0.15 to 0.85 +/- 0.23 cm2 after the procedure (p less than 0.0001), but there was a significant decrease to 0.67 +/- 0.19 cm2 at follow-up (p less than 0.05). Of patients free of aortic valve operation or death after 30 days after the procedure, 76% were severely symptomatic before the procedure as compared with 38% at follow-up. In patients undergoing percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty, there is a continued high short-term mortality and a significant incidence of restenosis over short-term follow-up. Nonetheless, a subset of patients do experience sustained clinical improvement from this procedure.