tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practising prevention. Contraception.
Authors: M J Bull
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In Britain 20% of patients are women in their childbearing years who form a captive audience for contraception advice and subsequently health education.  The patients 1st visit to the general practitioner will concern choices of contraception:  1) hormonal contraception for the years before childbearing 2) IUDs for birth spacing and 3) sterilization when the family is complete.  This 1st visit should also include compiling a complete medical history and physical examination as well as checks on urine blood and chest x-rays.  Cervical cytology procedures can be performed when the woman has been sexually active for 2-3 years.  The patient should be taught use and mode of action of the contraceptive.  A planned program of continuing review should be established with regular visits:  1) pill - review after 3 months then 6-monthly 2) IUD - 1 3 6 and 12 months after insertion then annually and 3) diaphragm - after 2 weeks then annually.  Every 5 years a major systematic examination should be performed.  This accustoms the patient to regular review; as she becomes older she will be use to regular visits and will continue her health care into the later years.
Aortoventriculoplasty for tunnel subaortic stenosis and other obstructions of the left ventricular outflow tract. Clinical and hemodynamic results.
Authors: P G Björnstad, H Rastan, J Keutel, A J Beuren, J Koncz
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A new therapeutic concept of enlarging the outflow tracts of both ventricles with a patch and inserting an aortic prosthesis has been developed for the treatment of tunnel subaortic stenosis. This operation has been applied clinically since June 1974 on several types of obstruction in the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Twenty-one operations have been performed on 20 patients under the age of 18 years, with an overall mortality of 24% and no late deaths. Seven patients developed complete right bundle branch block or left anterior hemiblock or both as a result of this operation; transient atrioventricular block and complete left bundle branch block occurred in one patient each. In no case, however, did rhythm disturbances contribute to death. In one patient, the septal incision injured a septal coronary artery, with fatal result. Fourteen patients had catheterization studies postoperatively. Although previous conventional surgery had been unsuccessful, aortoventriculoplasty (AoVPI) reduced the mean gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01), from 94.7 +/- 25.5 mm Hg to 14.4 +/- 17.2 mm Hg, leaving the end-diastolic pressure practically unchanged. No significant defect remained in the patch-covered septal incision. Thus, we consider AoVPI to be the operation of choice for tunnel subaortic stenosis, for valvular aortic stenosis with a narrow annulus and in cases where an artificial aortic valve has become too small because of the patient's growth.
The expression of cytotoxic mediators is altered in mononuclear cells of patients with melanoma and increased by interferon-alpha treatment
Authors: B. Guillot, P. Portales, A. Du Thanh, S. Merlet, O. Dereure, J. Clot, P. Corbeau
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

The role of cytotoxic cells in the control of cancer is now well established.To evaluate the expression of perforin and granzyme A in cytotoxic cells of patients with melanoma and to look for a link between this expression and natural tumour progression; to check if interferon (IFN)-alpha administration increased expression of cytotoxic mediators; and to evaluate if this increase was correlated with the antitumoral effect of IFN-alpha.To determine in patients with melanoma the expression of the cytotoxic mediators perforin and granzyme A in peripheral blood natural killer (NK) and T cells, we used flow cytometry before and after IFN-alpha administration.Compared with healthy volunteers, we observed in 82 patients a low percentage of NK cells harbouring perforin [75% (95% confidence interval (CI) 70-79) vs. 92% (95% CI 89-95), P < 0.001] and granzyme A [48% (95% CI 41-55) vs. 73% (95% CI 66-81), P < 0.001]. By contrast, a high percentage of T cells, and particularly of CD56+ T cells, expressed perforin [56% (95% CI 41-71) vs. 28% (95% CI 18-38), P < 0.001], whereas a low percentage of CD56+ T cells expressed granzyme A [30% (95% CI 24-36) vs. 54% (95% CI 43-65), P < 0.001]. In untreated patients, the percentage of CD56+ T cells expressing granzyme A was higher in progressors than in nonprogressors [49% (95% CI 39-58) vs. 16% (95% CI 0-33), P = 0.003]. We followed cytotoxic mediator expression in 17 patients treated with IFN-alpha. IFN-alpha administration increased granzyme A expression in NK cells [44% (95% CI 27-61) and 65% (95% CI 54-76) before and after treatment, respectively, P = 0.010], rather than perforin expression, whereas expression of both perforin [46% (95% CI 30-62), and 58% (95% CI 44-73), P = 0.112] and especially granzyme A [27% (95% CI 14-40) vs. 45% (95% CI 26-64), P = 0.016] was increased in CD56+ T cells after IFN-alpha administration. Yet, this effect was not correlated with the clinical response to IFN-alpha.Thus, the expression of cytotoxic mediators is altered in cytotoxic cells of patients with melanoma, and increased under IFN-alpha administration.
Cod liver oil alters platelet-arterial wall response to injury in pigs.
Authors: J Y Lam, J J Badimon, R D Ellefson, V Fuster, J H Chesebro
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

In 36 normolipemic pigs randomized to a 4-week feeding with regular pig chow (n = 18, control group) or chow supplemented with cod liver oil (1 ml/kg per day) (n = 18, treated group), treatment with cod liver oil produced a significant decrease in serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Deep carotid arterial wall injury (media exposed) by balloon angioplasty was associated with less 111In-labeled platelet deposition (24.6 +/- 4.8 x 10(6)/cm2 versus 62.5 +/- 17.0 x 10(6)/cm2, p less than 0.05; difference, -33.8 x 10(6)/cm2; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.9 x 10(6)/cm2 to -73.9 x 10(6)/cm2) and injury-related vasoconstriction (21.3 +/- 2.2% versus 30.9 +/- 2.9%, p less than 0.05; difference, -9.6%; 95% CI, -2.2% to -17.0%) in the cod liver oil-treated group than in the control group; with mild injury (media not exposed), platelet deposition was low and unchanged (6.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(6)/cm2 versus 7.8 +/- 0.7 x 10(6)/cm2; difference, -1.6 x 10(6)/cm2; 95% CI, -1.1 x 10(6)/cm2 to +4.3 x 10(6)/cm2), but associated vasoconstriction was reduced respectively (16.3 +/- 2.0% versus 23.0 +/- 2.2%, p less than 0.05; difference, -6.7%; 95% CI, -0.6% to -12.8%). When arterial blood from cod liver oil-treated pigs superfused normal aortic media ex vivo, platelet deposition onto the normal aortic media was lower than when arterial blood from control pigs superfused the normal aortic media (43.7 +/- 8.8 x 10(6)/cm2 versus 66.8 +/- 13.0 x 10(6)/cm2, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acinetobacter: New Name in the Microbial Game
Authors: SAMUEL L. ROSENTHAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Editorial Notes1 January 1978Acinetobacter: New Name in the Microbial GameSAMUEL L. ROSENTHAL, M.D., F.A.C.P.SAMUEL L. ROSENTHAL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-1-123 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBacteriologic nomenclature may seem like a foreign language to clinicians, and when the native speakers change the words they use, the result may be doubly confusing. As the result of the acceptance of recent careful taxonomic studies, the name Acinetobacter is now used to describe a group of organisms formerly known by various names, including Herellea vaginicola and Mima polymorpha. This change in nomenclature has implications for clinicians.Acinetobacters first gained medical attention when they were found in genital cultures of women, and it was suggested that they might cause confusion in the diagnosis of gonorrhea. With Gram stain, particularly...References1. BOVRE K, HAGEN N, BERDAL B, and JANTZEN E: Oxidase positive rods from cases of suspected gonorrhoea. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 85:27-37, 1977 Google Scholar2. ROSENTHAL S: Sources of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species found in human culture materials. Am J Clin Pathol 62:807-811, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HENRIKSEN S: Moraxella, Acinetobacter, and the Mimeae. Bacteriol Rev 37:522-561, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GLEW R, MOELLERING R, and KUNZ L: Infections with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Herellea vaginicola): clinical and laboratory studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 56:79-97, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TOWNER K and VIVIAN A: RP4-Mediated conjugation in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. J Gen Microbiol 93:355-360, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SAMUEL L. ROSENTHAL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Department of Laboratory Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBacterial indicators to estimate the health hazards associated with the use of swimming poolsMultiple intensive care unit outbreak of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus respiratory infection and colonization associated with contaminated, reusable ventilator circuits and resuscitation bagsAcinetobacter Contamination of Laboratory Dental PumiceAcinetobacter spp.: distinct morphology on eosin methylene blue agar as an aid to identification in drinking waterAcinetobacter calcoaceticus: some approaches to a problemInfective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria: A review of the literature, 1945–1977Uncommon acute bacterial pneumonias 1 January 1978Volume 88, Issue 1Page: 123-124KeywordsAcinetobacterGamesGenital anatomyGonorrhea ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
beta-Adrenergic modulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel in isolated human ventricular myocytes. Alteration in channel response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in failing human hearts.
Authors: S Koumi, C L Backer, C E Arentzen, R Sato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The beta-adrenergic modulation of the inwardly-rectifying K+ channel (IK1) was examined in isolated human ventricular myocytes using patch-clamp techniques. Isoproterenol (ISO) reversibly depolarized the resting membrane potential and prolonged the action potential duration. Under the whole-cell C1- -free condition, ISO applied via the bath solution reversibly inhibited macroscopic IdK1. The reversal potential of the ISO-sensitive current was shifted by approximately 60 mV per 10-fold change in the external K+ concentration and was sensitive to Ba2+. The ISO-induced inhibition of IK1 was mimicked by forskolin and dibutyrl cAMP, and was prevented by including a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor (PKI) in the pipette solution. In single-channel recordings from cell-attached patches, bath applied ISO could suppress IK1 channels by decreasing open state probability. Bath application of the purified catalytic sub-unit of PKA to inside-out patches also inhibited IK1 and the inhibition could be antagonized by alkaline phosphatase. When beta-adrenergic modulation of IK1 was compared between ventricular myocytes isolated from the failing and the nonfailing heart, channel response to ISO and PKA was significantly reduced in myocytes from the failing heart. Although ISO inhibited IK1 in a concentration-dependent fashion in both groups, a half-maximal concentration was greater in failing (0.12 microM) than in nonfailing hearts (0.023 microM). These results suggest that IK1 in human ventricular myocytes can be inhibited by a PKA-mediated phosphorylation and the modulation is significantly reduced in ventricular myocytes from the failing heart compared to the nonfailing heart.
Synthesis of two classes of antibody, gammaM and gammaG or gammaM and gammaA, by identical cells. Amplification of the antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide type III.
Authors: V J Pasanen, R Asofsky, P J Baker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Class-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) (gammaM, gamma1, gamma2, and gammaA) responses to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) were studied in BALB/c x C57BL/6F1 (CBF1) mice with and without induction of an allogeneic effect. Gamma1, gamma2, and gammaA PFC were detected in two ways: (a) With the sequential development of the assay slides, first for direct (gammaM)PFC followed by incubation with class-specific antiimmunoglobulin and complement for the development of additional gamma1, gamma2, and gammaA PFC (gammaM-independent gamma1, gamma2, and gammaA PFC); and (b) by blocking gammaM PFC with goat anti-gammaM and simultaneously developing gamma1, gamma2, and gammaA PFC (total gamma1-, gamma2-, and gammaA-secreting PFC). The results showed that whereas gammaM PFC arose on the 3rd d after immunization, gamma1-, gamma2-, and gammaA-secreting PFC arose on the 4th to 5th d after immunization. They appeared in association with gammaM-secreting PFC because they were detected with the gammaM blocking method but not with the sequential method. By the 7th d most gamma1, gamma2, and gammaA PFC were detected by the sequential method as well, indicating that those antibodies were secreted independently of cells secreting gammaM. When the numbers of double-class-secreting PFC were evaluated on the 5th d, the following results were obtained: 83% of gammaM PFC were secreting either gamma1 (25%), gamma2 (55%), or gammaA (2%). We interpret these data as evidence for an antigen-driven class differentiation from gammaM to gammaA and from gammaM to gammaG in the majority of anti-SSS-III-secreting clones without T-cell help. When an allogeneic effect was provided by inoculation of parental BALB/c spleen cells together with antigen, the numbers of all classes of PFC were increased. Furthermore, the frequency of gammaM-gammaG (108%) or gammaM-gammaA (9%) double-class secretors was increased, and gammaM-independent gammaG and gammaA secretors were detected earlier, indicating an overall maturation-promoting effect. In addition, prolonged appearance of gammaA PFC was dependent on the allogeneic effect.
Human red cell Aquaporin CHIP. II. Expression during normal fetal development and in a novel form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia.
Authors: P Agre, B L Smith, R Baumgarten, G M Preston, E Pressman, P Wilson, N Illum, D J Anstee, M B Lande, M L Zeidel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Channel-forming integral protein (CHIP) is the archetypal member of the Aquaporin family of water channels. Delayed CHIP expression was shown recently in perinatal rat (Smith, B. L., R. Baumgarten, S. Nielsen, D. Raben, M. L. Zeidel, and P. Agre. 1993. J. Clin. Invest. 92:2035-2041); here we delineate the human patterns. Compared with adult, second and third trimester human fetal red cells had lower CHIP/spectrin ratios (0.72 +/- 0.12, 0.94 +/- 0.22 vs 1.18 +/- 0.11) and reduced osmotic water permeability (0.029, 0.026 vs 0.037 cm/s); CHIP was already present in human renal tubules by the second trimester. A patient with a novel form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) with persistent embryonic and fetal globins and absent red cell CD44 protein was studied because of reduced CHIP-associated Colton antigens. Novel CDA red cells contained < 10% of the normal level of CHIP and had remarkably low osmotic water permeability (< 0.01 cm/s), but no mutation was identified in Aquaporin-1, the gene encoding CHIP. These studies demonstrate: (a) unlike rat, human CHIP expression occurs early in fetal development; (b) red cell water channels are greatly reduced in a rare phenotype; and (c) disrupted expression of red cell CHIP and CD44 suggests an approach to the molecular defect in a novel form of CDA.
Boerhaave's Prescience
Authors: Stephen L. Michel
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent CLINICAL NOTE by Brown and Cohen (240:140, 1978) is the latest of several recent case reports wherein nutritional support by means of total parenteral nutrition permitted successful nonoperative management of spontaneous postemetic rupture of the esophagus, the so-called Boerhaave's syndrome. Treatment of this disease is associated with considerable postoperative morbidity and even mortality despite the most favorable of circumstances such as early diagnosis, prompt operative intervention, and minimal tissue contamination and necrosis. It is therefore likely that total parenteral nutrition will be used more frequently in such cases and may in fact facilitate the conservative treatment of those carefully selected patients in whom the diagnosis is not made until late in the course of the disease and whose clinical condition is stable. Hermann Boerhaave, professor of the theory and practice of physic at the University of Leyden and the leading physician of his time, anticipated
Unfavorable outcome in patients with primary electrical disease who survived an episode of ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: E F Wever, R N Hauer, A Oomen, R H Peters, P F Bakker, E O Robles de Medina
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Prognosis in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmia without structural heart disease (primary electrical disease) has been described as excellent. However, prognosis may be less favourable in the subgroup surviving an episode of ventricular fibrillation.We prospectively followed 19 consecutive patients (age, 13 to 66 years; mean age, 33 years) who had survived an episode of documented ventricular fibrillation. Structural heart disease, preexcitation, and long QT syndromes were excluded by thorough cardiologic evaluation. All patients underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring, exercise testing, and programmed electrical stimulation according to a standardized protocol. Holter monitoring revealed episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia in 5 patients. Exercise testing reproducibly provoked ventricular tachycardia in 2 patients. Baseline programmed electrical stimulation yielded inducibility of rapid ventricular tachyarrhythmia in 10 patients (53%) and noninducibility in 9 (47%). Nine patients were discharged on antiarrhythmic drug therapy. A defibrillator was implanted in 10 patients. During 43-month follow-up (range, 5 to 85 months; median, 41 months), major arrhythmic events recurred in 7 patients (37%). Four of these patients had noninducibility at baseline programmed electrical stimulation. Two patients on antiarrhythmic drugs had recurrent cardiac arrest: one died suddenly and the other was successfully resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation and subsequently underwent defibrillator implantation. In the other 5 patients, termination of (pre)syncopal episodes was associated with defibrillator shocks. Termination of ventricular fibrillation was documented by Holter recording in one of these patients. Specific markers predictive of a recurrent event could not be identified, although 6 of 7 patients with recurrent events had experienced at least one episode of cardiac arrest or (pre)syncope before the index episode.Patients with primary electrical disease presenting with ventricular fibrillation are at high risk of recurrence of major arrhythmic events during long-term follow-up. Noninducibility at baseline study does not predict an uneventful course. Also, early defibrillator implantation should be considered in these patients.
Hypoxia-Mediated Degradation of Na,K-ATPase via Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and the Ubiquitin-Conjugating System
Authors: Alejandro P. Comellas, Laura A. Dada, Emilia Lecuona, Liuska M. Pesce, Navdeep S. Chandel, Nancy Quesada, G. R. Scott Budinger, Ger J. Strous, Aaron Ciechanover, Jacob I. Sznajder
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

We set out to determine whether cellular hypoxia, via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, promotes Na,K-ATPase degradation via the ubiquitin-conjugating system. Cells exposed to 1.5% O 2 had a decrease in Na,K-ATPase activity and oxygen consumption. The total cell pool of α1 Na,K-ATPase protein decreased on exposure to 1.5% O 2 for 30 hours, whereas the plasma membrane Na,K-ATPase was 50% degraded after 2 hours of hypoxia, which was prevented by lysosome and proteasome inhibitors. When Chinese hamster ovary cells that exhibit a temperature-sensitive defect in E1 ubiquitin conjugation enzyme were incubated at 40°C and 1.5% O 2 , the degradation of the α1 Na,K-ATPase was prevented. Exogenous reactive oxygen species increased the plasma membrane Na,K-ATPase degradation, whereas, in mitochondrial DNA deficient ρ 0 cells and in cells transfected with small interfering RNA against Rieske iron sulfur protein, the hypoxia-mediated Na,K-ATPase degradation was prevented. The catalase/superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic (EUK-134) and glutathione peroxidase overexpression prevented the hypoxia-mediated Na,K-ATPase degradation and overexpression of SOD1, but not SOD2, partially inhibited the Na + pump degradation. Accordingly, we provide evidence that during hypoxia, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are necessary to degrade the plasma membrane Na,K-ATPase via the ubiquitin-conjugating system.
Activating mutations in human acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sébastien Malinge, Christine Ragu, Veronique Della-Valle, Didier Pisani, Stefan N. Constantinescu, Christelle Perez, Jean-Luc Villeval, Dirk Reinhardt, Judith Landman-Parker, Lucienne Michaux, Nicole Dastugue, André Baruchel, William Vainchenker, Jean-Pierre Bourquin, Virginie Penard-Lacronique, Olivier A. Bernard
Journal: Blood (2008)
Dasatinib 140 mg once daily versus 70 mg twice daily in patients with Ph‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia who failed imatinib: Results from a phase 3 study
Authors: Michael B. Lilly, Oliver G. Ottmann, Neil P. Shah, Richard A. Larson, Josy J. Reiffers, Gerhard Ehninger, Martin C. Müller, Aude Charbonnier, Eduardo Bullorsky, Herve Dombret, Mary Brigid Bradley‐Garelik, Chao Zhu, Giovanni Martinelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Dasatinib 70 mg twice daily is indicated for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) intolerant or resistant to imatinib. In patients with chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, once-daily dosing has similar efficacy with improved safety, compared with twice-daily dosing. A phase 3 study (n = 611) assessed the efficacy and safety of dasatinib 140 mg once daily versus 70 mg twice-daily in patients with advanced phase chronic myelogenous leukemia or Ph+ ALL resistant or intolerant to imatinib. Here, results from the Ph+ ALL subset (n = 84) with a 2-year follow-up are reported. Patients were randomly assigned to receive dasatinib either 140 mg once daily (n = 40) or 70 mg twice daily (n = 44). The rate of confirmed major hematologic response with once-daily dosing (38%) was similar to that with twice-daily dosing (32%). The rate of major cytogenetic response with once-daily dosing (70%) was higher than that with twice-daily dosing (52%). Compared with the twice-daily schedule, the once-daily schedule had longer progression-free survival (median, 3.0 months versus 4.0 months, respectively) and shorter overall survival (median, 9.1 months versus 6.5 months, respectively). Overall safety profiles were similar between two groups, with nonhematologic adverse events being mostly grade 1 or 2. Pleural effusion was less frequent with once-daily dosing than with twice-daily dosing (all grades, 18% versus 32%). Notably, none of the differences between the two schedules was statistically significant. Compared with the 70 mg twice daily, dasatinib 140 mg once daily had similar overall efficacy and safety in patients with imatinib-resistant or intolerant Ph+ ALL. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00123487).