tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Among Office Workers and Exposure to Indoor Fungal Allergens in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: J.L. Boechat, J.L. Rios, M.C. Ramos, R.R. Luiz, F.R. Aquino Neto, J.R. Lapa e Silva
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Context Is All Important in Investigating Attitudes: Acceptability Depends on the Nature of the Nudge, Who Nudges, and Who Is Nudged
Authors: Jayne Lucke
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

"Context Is All Important in Investigating Attitudes: Acceptability Depends on the Nature of the Nudge, Who Nudges, and Who Is Nudged." The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(6), pp. 24–25
A Cost Analysis of Alternative Treatments for Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, Theodore Speroff, Randall D. Cebul, Arthur J. McCullough
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To compare the costs of alternative strategies for the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Design: A cost comparison using decision analysis. Methods: A decision model was used to compare the costs per cure of an endoscopically documented duodenal ulcer for three initial treatment strategies: 1) H2-receptor antagonist therapy for 8 weeks, 2) antibiotic therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection plus H2-receptor antagonist therapy, and 3) urease test-based treatment. For symptomatic recurrences, secondary treatment strategies included empiric retreatment with the same or other regimen, and treatment based on repeat endoscopy-guided urease test or biopsy, with an assumption of subsequent cure. The cohort modeled for this analysis consisted of patients at low risk for a malignant ulcer. Probability estimates were derived from published clinical trials, cohort studies, and expert opinion. Side effects from combination therapy with antibiotics and H2-receptor antagonists and resulting costs were included from the perspective of a group practice model health maintenance organization. Results: For all secondary treatment strategies, initial therapy with antibiotics for H. pylori infection plus an H2-receptor antagonist resulted in the lowest average costs per symptomatic cure when the prevalence or likelihood of H. pylori infection exceeded 66% to 76%; the costs ranged from $284 for secondary (re)treatment with empiric antibiotic and H2-receptor antagonist therapy to $398 for endoscopy-guided secondary treatment. Initial treatment with an H2-receptor antagonist resulted in the highest costs, ranging from $372 for secondary treatment with empiric antibiotic and H2-receptor antagonist therapy to $679 for endoscopy-guided secondary treatment. The results were not sensitive to the rates of duodenal ulcer recurrence after either treatment, to the cost of either treatment, or to prevalence of H. pylori. Conclusions: This cost analysis indicates that, regardless of the secondary treatment used for ulcer recurrence, initial therapy with antibiotics for H. pylori infection plus an H2-receptor antagonist provides the lowest costs per symptomatic cure. These cost savings and the lower recurrence rates associated with this treatment favor eradication of H. pylori as part of the initial treatment of duodenal ulcer.
P195X-ray phase-contrast synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT enables assessment of fetal cardiac anatomy, fiber orientation and vasculature in a rabbit model of intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: A Gonzalez Tendero, C Zhang, V Balicevic, R Cardenes, S Loncaric, A Bonnin, E Gratacos, F Crispi, B Bijnens
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with prenatal changes in cardiac shape and function that persist in childhood and may be associated to an increased cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. Ultrasound and MRI provide information at organ level, but their resolution is too low. Microscopy provides detail at cellular and subcellular level, but an integrated evaluation at organ level is extremely challenging. We hypothesize that X-ray phase-contrast synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT could provide information regarding detailed cardiac anatomy to better understand the cardiac remodeling in IUGR.

Methods: A validated model of IUGR in New Zealand rabbit was used. Fetal hearts were formalin-fixed and ethanol-dehydrated. 3D X-ray phase-contrast synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT was performed at 7.43μm isotropic resolution (ESRF-ID19). Standard morphometric measurements were performed in a transverse view. Fiber orientation could be recognised and the change in fibers' angle was quantified. The distribution and local diameters of the coronary vessels tree were studied.

Results: IUGR fetuses showed smaller and more globular hearts with thicker myocardial walls (Fig A, B) and coronary artery vessels dilatation (Fig C, D). A change in fiber orientation in IUGR hearts was observed, suggesting an increase of circumferential over longitudinal orientation.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that cardiac remodeling due to IUGR affects fiber orientation and the geometry of the coronary vascular tree. These changes might explain the later increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the unique novel technique used enables the acquisition of high resolution datasets of whole hearts at myofiber resolution, providing structural information at both organ and microscopic level. 

![Figure][1]  [1]: pending:yes
Seat-Belt Fractures of the Spine and Sternum
Authors: Barry D. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

IN A RECENT ISSUE of the Journal, Howland et al<sup>1</sup>reviewed automobile crash injuries attributed to improperly positioned, lap-type seat belts and reported the first case of an unusual transverse fracture of a lumbar vertebra sustained by acute flexion of the torso over the lap belt. A similar "fulcrum fracture" of the lumbar spine is described in case 1 below. The implication has been that seat-belt injuries may be prevented by proper positioning of the laptype belt or by the use of the "bandolier" or shoulder-type belt. That the latter type of safety harness also is capable of producing skeletal injury is indicated by case 2. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 21-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room immediately after injury in an automobile accident. The patient had been a passenger in a small, foreign sports car which had struck the rear of a semitrailer truck while
MAGNETIC RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CAPTURES INDIVIDUAL HETEROGENEITY IN A KNEE EXTENSION TASK
Authors: E Barnhill, P Kennedy, C Brown, E van Beek, N Roberts
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

The viscoelastic properties of muscle have been measured for more than a century to describe muscle disease, damage, recovery and performance. Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) (Muthupillai et al . Science 1995;5232:1854–7) measures viscoelastic parameters of soft tissue in vivo . New software developed by the Clinical Research Imaging Centre (CRIC), MRE-J (Barnhill et al . Proc Image J Dev Conf, Oct 2012), enables the creation of maps of skeletal muscle viscoelastic properties through the transverse plane with MRE. In the present study, thigh muscle stiffness maps were created of ten subjects in a knee extension task. MRE data were acquired for ten subjects using a Siemens Verio 3T MRI Scanner (Erlangen, Germany), in a transverse section of the thigh with the tissue vibrated at 50Hz, during knee extension. Stiffness (storage modulus) maps were created with MRE-J. Quadriceps median stiffness in the knee extension condition increased from 1317 to 1617 Pa, with sigma of 116 Pa. Additionally, the stiffness maps captured heterogeneous approaches to the knee extension task, with subjects activating either vastus lateralis (2 subjects) , vastus intermedius (1 subject), or vastus medialis (7 subjects) as the stiffest muscle. Individual activation patterns differed widely compared to the mean for each subject, and for global medians for each muscle. The MRE scans captured wide individual variation in the knee extension patterns that were not captured in the individual or global mean stiffness values. With its ability to capture individual variation in these tasks, MRE offers a novel way to analyse and target therapies and training regimens based on a subject's individual movement patterns.
Methadone tolerance testing in drug misusers
Authors: Deborah A Zador, Michael Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The model of methadone tolerance testing Bakker and Fazey describe is not the solution to this problem.1 They make the assumption that low mean maintenance doses of methadone are a consequence of low starting doses, which are separate issues. The model of induction into methadone treatment recommended in the national clinical guidelines for the management of drug dependence allows for the attainment of adequate optimised maintenance doses. …
Sourcing of an Alternative Pericyte-Like Cell Type from Peripheral Blood in Clinically Relevant Numbers for Therapeutic Angiogenic Applications
Authors: Anna Blocki, Yingting Wang, Maria Koch, Anna Goralczyk, Sebastian Beyer, Nikita Agarwal, Michelle Lee, Shehzahdi Moonshi, Jean-Yves Dewavrin, Priscilla Peh, Herbert Schwarz, Kishore Bhakoo, Michael Raghunath
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Autologous cells hold great potential for personalized cell therapy, reducing immunological and risk of infections. However, low cell counts at harvest with subsequently long expansion times with associated cell function loss currently impede the advancement of autologous cell therapy approaches. Here, we aimed to source clinically relevant numbers of proangiogenic cells from an easy accessible cell source, namely peripheral blood. Using macromolecular crowding (MMC) as a biotechnological platform, we derived a novel cell type from peripheral blood that is generated within 5 days in large numbers (10-40 million cells per 100 ml of blood). This blood-derived angiogenic cell (BDAC) type is of monocytic origin, but exhibits pericyte markers PDGFR-β and NG2 and demonstrates strong angiogenic activity, hitherto ascribed only to MSC-like pericytes. Our findings suggest that BDACs represent an alternative pericyte-like cell population of hematopoietic origin that is involved in promoting early stages of microvasculature formation. As a proof of principle of BDAC efficacy in an ischemic disease model, BDAC injection rescued affected tissues in a murine hind limb ischemia model by accelerating and enhancing revascularization. Derived from a renewable tissue that is easy to collect, BDACs overcome current short-comings of autologous cell therapy, in particular for tissue repair strategies.
Neonatal Thyroid Function after Propylthiouracil Therapy for Maternal Graves' Disease
Authors: Robert G. Cheron, Michael M. Kaplan, P. Reed Larsen, Herbert A. Selenkow, John F. Crigler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

PROPYLTHIOURACIL (PTU) is a mainstay of medical treatment for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy.1 2 3 4 PTU inhibits thyroid-hormone synthesis, extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), and deiodinative degradation of the hormonally inactive T4 metabolite 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3 or rT3).5 6 7 8 PTU crosses the placenta, 4 and at high doses it may cause fetal goiter9 , 10 and hypothyroidism.3 Low doses of PTU, 300 mg or less daily, are thought to afford satisfactory control of maternal hyperthyroidism and are not believed to cause clinically evident thyroid dysfunction in the neonate.1 2 3 4 , 11 Neonatal goiters occur with maternal doses of 100 . . .
Abstract 4630: Integrin αVα6 is expressed on multiple solid tumors and is a potential therapeutic target for auristatin-based antibody-drug conjugates
Authors: Maureen C. Ryan, Heather Kostner, E. Bradley Meyer, Django Sussman, Lindsay Torrey, Martha Anderson, Robert Lyon, Dave Meyer, Mechthild Jonas, Heather van Epps, Dennis Benjamin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to deliver a targeted, potent payload directly to the tumor cell. This targeted cytoxicity can greatly augment the antitumor activity of a naked antibody and reduce the off target toxicity of free drug. Cancers of the head and neck, pancreas, bladder, lung, ovary and breast show frequent expression of integrin α6, suggesting they may be amenable to therapeutic targeting with an anti-integrin β6 ADC. We identified a therapeutic antibody that is optimal for drug delivery by screening a large panel of anti-integrin β6 ADCs on antigen-positive tumor lines. Monoclonal antibody 15H3 showed consistent potency as an ADC on solid tumor cell lines representative of the target indications. The ADC activity of 15H3 was detectable using either monomethyl auristatin E with a protease-cleavable linker (vcMMAE) or monomethyl auristatin F (mcMMAF), which requires antibody degradation. 15H3 was selected as the lead and humanized for in vivo testing. Humanized 15H3 (h15H3) retained all the properties of the mouse parental antibody, including the ability to cross-bind multiple species (human, monkey, rat, and mouse integrin α6). In vitro analysis showed that h15H3-vcMMAE and h15H3-mcMMAF internalize within a few hours and result in antigen-specific cytotoxicity of carcinoma lines. In vivo studies of integrin-α6 positive xenografts demonstrated antitumor activity. Our data suggest that integrin β6 is a promising potential ADC target for antigen-positive solid tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4630. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4630
Identification of 23 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci using the iCOGS custom genotyping array
Authors: Rosalind A Eeles, Ali Amin Al Olama, Sara Benlloch, Edward J Saunders, Daniel A Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Maya Ghoussaini, Craig Luccarini, Joe Dennis, Sarah Jugurnauth-Little, Tokhir Dadaev, David E Neal, Freddie C Hamdy, Jenny L Donovan, Ken Muir, Graham G Giles, Gianluca Severi, Fredrik Wiklund, Henrik Gronberg, Christopher A Haiman, Fredrick Schumacher, Brian E Henderson, Loic Le Marchand, Sara Lindstrom, Peter Kraft, David J Hunter, Susan Gapstur, Stephen J Chanock, Sonja I Berndt, Demetrius Albanes, Gerald Andriole, Johanna Schleutker, Maren Weischer, Federico Canzian, Elio Riboli, Tim J Key, Ruth C Travis, Daniele Campa, Sue A Ingles, Esther M John, Richard B Hayes, Paul D P Pharoah, Nora Pashayan, Kay-Tee Khaw, Janet L Stanford, Elaine A Ostrander, Lisa B Signorello, Stephen N Thibodeau, Dan Schaid, Christiane Maier, Walther Vogel, Adam S Kibel, Cezary Cybulski, Jan Lubinski, Lisa Cannon-Albright, Hermann Brenner, Jong Y Park, Radka Kaneva, Jyotsna Batra, Amanda B Spurdle, Judith A Clements, Manuel R Teixeira, Ed Dicks, Andrew Lee, Alison M Dunning, Caroline Baynes, Don Conroy, Melanie J Maranian, Shahana Ahmed, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Rosemary A Wilkinson, Emma J Sawyer, Angela Morgan, David P Dearnaley, Alan Horwich, Robert A Huddart, Vincent S Khoo, Christopher C Parker, Nicholas J Van As, Christopher J Woodhouse, Alan Thompson, Tim Dudderidge, Chris Ogden, Colin S Cooper, Artitaya Lophatananon, Angela Cox, Melissa C Southey, John L Hopper, Dallas R English, Markus Aly, Jan Adolfsson, Jiangfeng Xu, Siqun L Zheng, Meredith Yeager, Rudolf Kaaks, W Ryan Diver, Mia M Gaudet, Mariana C Stern, Roman Corral, Amit D Joshi, Ahva Shahabi, Tiina Wahlfors, Teuvo L J Tammela, Anssi Auvinen, Jarmo Virtamo, Peter Klarskov, Børge G Nordestgaard, M Andreas Røder, Sune F Nielsen, Stig E Bojesen, Afshan Siddiq, Liesel M FitzGerald, Suzanne Kolb, Erika M Kwon, Danielle M Karyadi, William J Blot, Wei Zheng, Qiuyin Cai, Shannon K McDonnell, Antje E Rinckleb, Bettina Drake, Graham Colditz, Dominika Wokolorczyk, Robert A Stephenson, Craig Teerlink, Heiko Muller, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Thomas A Sellers, Hui-Yi Lin, Chavdar Slavov, Vanio Mitev, Felicity Lose, Srilakshmi Srinivasan, Sofia Maia, Paula Paulo, Ethan Lange, Kathleen A Cooney, Antonis C Antoniou, Daniel Vincent, François Bacot, Daniel C Tessier, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Douglas F Easton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
ENHANCEMENT OF THE OPSONIZING AND AGGLUTINATING POWERS OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM BY SPECIFIC PRECIPITATING SERUM
Authors: Ida W. Pritchett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

1. No demonstrable antiopsonins are formed in rabbits following the intravenous injection of monovalent pneumococcus horse sera, Types I, II, and III. 2. The serum of rabbits injected with immune pneumococcus horse serum, Type I, II, or III, or with normal horse serum, when mixed in the proportion of 1:4 with Type I or Type II pneumococcus horse serum, can greatly augment, in vitro, the opsonization and agglutination of Type I and Type II pneumococci by the homologous immune horse sera. No similar effect is obtained with Type III serum and pneumococci. 3. The increase in opsonization and agglutination is dependent upon (a) specific sensitization of the pneumococci by the homologous immune serum and (b) the presence of the precipitating serum. In the absence of sensitization, as when a heterologous or normal horse serum is employed, opsonization and agglutination do not occur, even though a precipitating mixture is provided. The substitution of normal rabbit serum for the precipitating rabbit serum gives opsonization and agglutination in dilutions slightly higher than are effected with salt solution only, due possibly to the more favorable medium created for the leucocytes by the addition of 25 per cent of whole rabbit serum. 4. Different methods of combining the immune horse serum, precipitating rabbit serum, and pneumococci yield very similar results, preliminary sensitization of the bacteria before precipitation, or precipitation in the rabbit-horse serum mixture before the addition of the pneumococci for sensitization causing little if any difference in result from that obtained when immune horse serum, precipitating rabbit serum, and pneumococci are all mixed and incubated together. 5. This increased opsonization in the test-tube does not seem to be paralleled by increased protective power, or at any rate such protection is not readily demonstrated.
The Toxicity Data Landscape for Environmental Chemicals
Authors: Richard Judson, Ann Richard, David J. Dix, Keith Houck, Matthew Martin, Robert Kavlock, Vicki Dellarco, Tala Henry, Todd Holderman, Philip Sayre, Shirlee Tan, Thomas Carpenter, Edwin Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Thousands of chemicals are in common use, but only a portion of them have undergone significant toxicologic evaluation, leading to the need to prioritize the remainder for targeted testing. To address this issue, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other organizations are developing chemical screening and prioritization programs. As part of these efforts, it is important to catalog, from widely dispersed sources, the toxicology information that is available. The main objective of this analysis is to define a list of environmental chemicals that are candidates for the U.S. EPA screening and prioritization process, and to catalog the available toxicology information.
A shocking issue
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2004)

It has been only a dozen years since the American Heart Association suggested that cardiac defibrillators, sophisticated instruments that previously required expert administration, could be made simple enough for lay bystanders to use safely to treat out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Since then, “public access defibrillation” has spread in two directions. The automated external defibrillators (AEDs) that were developed in response to the AHA's challenge are now routinely given to police and fire first responders to use while awaiting ambulance and paramedic arrival. They have …
TV dramas may raise false hope of surviving heart attack
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Medical dramas on television, which may show survival rates from cardiopulmonary resuscitation 2-6 times higher than those in any reported study, are raising false expectations among relatives of a patient's chances of survival.

In an attempt not to raise false hope, doctors should discuss the reality and enquire about expectations of families, say the authors of a study that reviewed all records of adult cardiopulmonary arrest that occurred between 1997 and 1999 at three main teaching hospitals in Edmonton, Alberta ( CMAJ 2002;167:343-8).

There were 247 arrests during the study period. Of the patients whose arrests were witnessed, nearly half were able to …
Teacher was refused job because relatives have Huntington's disease
Authors: J. Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A young teacher in Germany has been refused a permanent job on the grounds that members of her family have Huntington's disease and she is therefore at risk of developing the disease herself.

The teacher was identified as being at a high risk of Huntington's disease—a rare genetic disorder that runs in families—during a medical examination that all applicants to the German civil service, including teachers, have to undergo.

The case …
Analysis of Mural Cell Recruitment to Tumor Vessels
Authors: Alexandra Abramsson, Örjan Berlin, Hayk Papayan, Denise Paulin, Moshe Shani, Christer Betsholtz
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Tumor blood vessels are both structurally and functionally abnormal compared with normal vessels. A limited support of mural cells may contribute to these abnormalities. Here, we characterized mural cell recruitment in 2 mouse tumor models and addressed the question of why tumor vessels fail to recruit a proper coat of mural cells. Methods and Results — We studied mural cell recruitment to the vasculature of 2 transplantable mouse tumor models, T241 fibrosarcoma and KRIB osteosarcoma. We found that both tumors formed a vessel network with heterogeneous and highly abnormal organization of mural cells. Transplantation of tumors to mice expressing lacZ in mural cells demonstrated that these cells were host-derived. Although tumor vessel endothelium expressed PDGF-B, an embryonic mitogen for mural cells, only very few PDGFRβ-positive cells were found to be associated with the developing tumor vasculature, suggesting a limited pool of recruitable mural cells. We tested whether exogenous mural cells could be recruited to tumor vessels by injecting mixtures of T241 tumor cells and embryonic mesenchymal cells isolated from mice expressing lacZ in mural cells. In the tumors that arose, lacZ-positive cells were efficiently recruited to the tumor vessels. Conclusions — T241 and KRIB tumors show a similar highly abnormal organization of vessel-associated mural cells. T241 tumor vessels seem highly capable of recruiting exogenously added mural cells. The sparse mural cell coat of tumor vessels may result from a limited pool of mural cells available for recruitment.