tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anaesthetists in Poland are on hunger strike
Authors: C R Eatock, R S Sanders, C M Wait, D G Willatts, P S Laurie, B A Thornley, C A Wareham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

More widespread public debate on rationing is essentialEditor-We find it significant that none of the clinicians who contributed to the conference "Rationing in the NHS: Time to Get Real" signed the open letter to Frank Dobson. 1 In the letter, rationing is defined as occurring when not all health services can be provided to everybody who might benefit from them, a definition so broad that it can be said always to have existed.Yet most British clinicians would not recognise the examples given as rationing.A young woman with high cholesterol as a single risk factor for coronary heart disease may be "denied" drug treatment and given dietary advice instead simply because the risks of side effects outweigh the marginal benefit; this is rational, not rationing.Again, "denying" magnetic resonance imaging for uncomplicated migraine in a young person has nothing to do with cost: the risks of iatrogenic anxiety and distress are far greater than any possible benefit from such intervention.The authors do the cause of so called smart rationing a disservice by these examples.This debate is too important to be "dumbed down" in this way.Whenever rationing is discussed there is a tension between those whose professional discipline (health economics, medical ethics, or policy analysis) allows them to work with broad underlying principles and those who are constantly brought face to face with the limitations of these principles through daily contact with patients.The former are much more likely to believe that it is possible and appropriate to base all rationing decisions on a series of well argued principles.Life for the latter is far messier: it is often impossible to apply broad principle to individual cases, let alone find a "currency of comparison" 2 that will enable the claims of, for example, a dying older person on an understaffed geriatric ward to be ranked against those of a patient with multiple sclerosis who might benefit from interferon beta.Struggling to make these sorts of comparisons is painful; the examples given in the open letter tax no one and thereby offer false hope of easy solutions.It is because the choices are difficult that more widespread public debate is essential.Only through such a debate can we all, as citizens, realise what is happening to the NHS, consider if that is the NHS that we want, and decide how much of our taxes an NHS worthy of the name deserves.
IRRADIATION OF THE TONSILS
Authors: George F. Keiper
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with interest the article by Dr. W. Warner Watkins, together with the discussion (The Journal, October 25, p. 1305). On the invitation of our chairman, Dr. Joseph C. Beck, I read a paper on "The Tonsil Question up to Date" before the Middle Section of the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Feb. 22, 1921, in Chicago. Only two papers were presented to that meeting, one in the morning and mine in the afternoon. The attendance resembled an annual session of the entire society. The discussion of the paper was voluminous. The consensus was that from three to five times too many tonsils are being removed. The society is composed of real laryngologists and otologists. While Dr. Watkins indicts laryngologists in general for the promiscuous removal of tonsils in the face of apparently proved successful conservative treatment by radiation, the indictment must not therefore
Identification of Cytokeratin 18 as a Bronchial Epithelial Autoantigen Associated with Nonallergic Asthma
Authors: Dong-Ho Nahm, Young Eun Lee, Eui-Jin Yim, Hae-Sim Park, Hyunee Yim, Yup Kang, Jin-Kyoo Kim
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The allergic response to common environmental agents (allergens) has been regarded as an important mechanism in the development of airway inflammation of patients with asthma. However, allergic sensitization cannot be detected in a significant number of adult patients with asthma. The etiologic mechanism responsible for nonallergic asthma has not yet been identified. The idea of a possible involvement of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of nonallergic asthma has been proposed by earlier studies. To test for the possible presence of an autoimmune response to bronchial epithelial cell antigens in nonallergic asthma, we examined circulating autoantibodies to cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in sera from patients with nonallergic asthma by immunoblot analysis. IgG autoantibodies to the 49-kD bronchial epithelial cell antigen were detected in 10 of 23 patients with nonallergic asthma (43%), 3 of 27 patients with allergic asthma (11%), 2 of 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (10%), and 3 of 34 healthy volunteers (9%) (p < 0.005). The 49-kD auto-antigen was purified and identified as cytokeratin 18 by amino acid sequencing. In this study, we identified cytokeratin 18 as a bronchial epithelial autoantigen associated with nonallergic asthma. Further studies are needed to determine the significance of autoimmunity in nonallergic asthma.
Treatment of Patients with Intracranial Hematomas
Authors: Robert G. Grossman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Subdural hematomas as single lesions are present in 2.5 per cent of patients admitted to the hospital after head injury and in 11 per cent of patients admitted in coma. One third of all patients admitted in coma with head injuries will have hematoma, either subdural, epidural, or intracerebral, singly or in combination.1 The incidence of admission for head injury has been reported as 200 per 100,000 admissions,2 and it can be estimated that about 34,000 cases of traumatic intracranial hematoma come under medical care each year in the United States. The majority of patients are young to middle-aged men . . .
MODES OF INFECTION OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS.
Authors: M. H. CRYER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

There are various modes by which the maxillary sinus is infected, among them being diseased teeth, diseases of the ethmoid cells, of the frontal sinuses, of the sphenoidal sinus, syphilitic necroses, etc. The general impression in both the medical and dental professions is that the maxillary sinus is infected through diseased teeth more than from any other source. Some claim that three-fifths of the diseases of the antrum are brought about in that way. From study of the anatomical relations and from my clinical experience, I conclude this is a mistake. In order to demonstrate this more clearly, it is necessary that the anatomical relations of the maxillary sinus with the teeth and internal structures of the face should be thoroughly understood. The development of the teeth and face, with their great variations, should also be considered. The development of the sinus begins about the fourth month of gestation by
STAPHYLOCOCCUS TOXOID IN PUSTULAR DERMATOSES
Authors: Herman Sharlit
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The communication from our Canadian colleague Dolman inThe Journal, May 19, criticizing the report of Kindel and Costello on their observations of the effect of staphylococcus toxoid on pustular dermatoses is evidently based on a misunderstanding. He fails to appreciate the background for the study and report of Kindel and Costello. Clinical departments in teaching institutions of medicine in the United States, as elsewhere, are continually being importuned by pharmaceutical manufacturers to try this or that product recommended in various clinical conditions. The reason for this is self evident. In Dr. Howard Fox's department of dermatology in the New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical School it has always been the policy to give drug manufacturers a respectful hearing and, when the representation warranted, to assign interested members of the staff to make short but properly controlled clinical studies to secure first hand knowledge in respect
Cohort study of effect of being overweight and change in weight on risk of coronary heart disease in old age
Authors: T. B Harris, L. J Launer, J. Madans, J. J Feldman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate risk of late life coronary heart disease associated with being overweight in late middle or old age and to assess whether weight change modifies this risk. <b>Design:</b> Longitudinal study of subjects in the epidemiological follow up study of the national health and nutrition examination survey I. <b>Setting:</b> United States. <b>Subjects:</b> 621 men and 960 women free of coronary heart disease in 1982-84 (mean age 77 years). <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Incidence of coronary heart disease. <b>Results:</b> Body mass index of 27 or more in late middle age was associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease in late life (relative risk=1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.1)) while body mass index of 27 or more in old age was not (1.1 (0.8 to 1.5)). This difference in risk was due largely to weight loss between middle and old age. Exclusion of those with weight loss of 10% or more increased risk associated with heavier weight in old age (1.4 (1.0 to 1.9)). Thinner older people who lost weight and heavier people who had gained weight showed increased risk of coronary heart disease compared with thinner people with stable weight. <b>Conclusions:</b> Heavier weight in late middle age was a risk factor for coronary heart disease in late life. Heavier weight in old age was associated with an increased risk once those with substantial weight loss were excluded. The contribution of weight to risk of coronary heart disease in older people may be underestimated if weight history is neglected. <h3>Key messages</h3> Little is known about the effects of being overweight (defined as a body mass index of ≥27) in old age on risk of heart disease In this study older people who were overweight had an increased risk of coronary heart disease once weight history was accounted for Weight history, particularly in late middle age, is important in assessing risk of coronary disease in older people Older heavier people who gained more than 10% of midlife body weight or thinner older people who had lost 10% or more of body weight show high risk compared with thinner people with stable weight
PERIOSTEAL CARIES FROM BACTERIAL ORIGIN.
Authors: M. H. FLETCHER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Of recent years my attention has been called to a number of cases of neuralgia, the exciting causes of which were obscure, as is frequently the case. Among others was a case of supposed tic douloureaux accompanied by the apparent death of the periosteum over a larger portion of the lingual surface of the inferior maxilla of the left side. While the exciting cause in this case may have been central, it apparently was peripheral; it yielded to local treatment, which fact strengthened belief in the peripheral origin. The finding of this lesion was the result of desperate effort, every logical treatment, both systemic and local, having been resorted to, aside from nerve section, and all without relief.  Case 1.  —Mrs. X., aged 55 years, suffered with paroxysmal pains resembling tic douloureaux; these continued with increasing tendency for three or four years, always including the first molar, which was the
Relapses of Urinary-tract Infections in Children
Authors: J. M. Stansfeld
Journal: BMJ (1966)

James, U. (1959). Ibid., 2, 1001. Lincoln, K., and Winberg, J. (1964). Acta paediat. (Uppsala), 53, 307. Loudon, I. S. L., and Greenhalgh, G. P. (1962). Lancet, 2, 1246. Mond, N. C, Percival, A., Williams, J. D., and Brumfitt, W. (1965). Ibid., 1, 514. Neumann, C. G., and Pryles, C. V. (1962). Amer. J. Dis. Child., 104, 215. Porter, K. A., and Giles, H. McC. (1956). Arch. Dis. Childh., 31, 303. Rupp, W. (1958). Z. Kinderheilk., 81, 200. Sauer, L. W. (1925). J. Amer. med. Ass., 85, 327. Slater, E. (1962). Lancet, 1, 69. Smellie, J. M., Hodson, C. J., Edwards, D., and Normand, I. C. S. U 964). Brit. med. J., 2, 1222. Stansfeld, J. M. (1954). Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 47, 631. (1962). Arch. Dis. Childh., 37, 257. Woodruff, J. D., and Everett, H. S. (1954). Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec, 68, 798.
Investigation and treatment of orogenital ulceration; studies on a possible mode of action of thalidomide
Authors: R. J. POWELL, B. R. ALLEN, J. S. JENKINS, L. STEELE, I. HUNNEYBALL, P. D. L. MAURICE, S. M. LITTLEWOOD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Investigation and treatment of orogenital ulceration; studies on a possible mode of action of thalidomide Get access R. J. POWELL, R. J. POWELL Departments of Immunology, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham Dr R. J. Powell, Consultant Immunologist, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. R. ALLEN, B. R. ALLEN Dermatology, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. S. JENKINS, J. S. JENKINS Departments of Immunology, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. STEELE, L. STEELE The Boots Company PLC, Nottingham, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. HUNNEYBALL, I. HUNNEYBALL The Boots Company PLC, Nottingham, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. D. L. MAURICE, P. D. L. MAURICE Dermatology, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. M. LITTLEWOOD S. M. LITTLEWOOD Dermatology, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s28, 1 July 1985, Pages 141–144, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb15645.x Published: 01 July 1985
Changes in left ventricular internal diameter with increasing pericardial pressure
Authors: B. L. PEGRAM, M. B. KARDON, V. S. BISHOP
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article Changes in left ventricular internal diameter with increasing pericardial pressure Get access BARBARA L. PEGRAM, BARBARA L. PEGRAM From the Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MERRILL B. KARDON, MERRILL B. KARDON From the Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar VERNON S. BISHOP VERNON S. BISHOP From the Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 6, November 1975, Pages 707–714, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.6.707 Published: 01 November 1975
CD: Evidence-based Health Care: the Open Learning Resource
Authors: F. Moss
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, £90 ISBN 1 901 868 01 x Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> This is not a standard text by one author or even a team of experts. This is a critical appraisal skills programme, an open learning resource for healthcare practitioners, developed through advice from and consultation with over 60 people. The advisers' breadth of practical experience and wisdom are reflected in the content. An enormous range of work is cited—including many of the now standard papers on evidence based health care and critical appraisal skills, papers on management of clinical problems such as the use of antibiotics in general practice and treatment of schizophrenia, Roy Porter's medical history of humanity, Donald Schon's … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Risk loci for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis
Authors: Michael H Cho, Merry-Lynn N McDonald, Xiaobo Zhou, Manuel Mattheisen, Peter J Castaldi, Craig P Hersh, Dawn L DeMeo, Jody S Sylvia, John Ziniti, Nan M Laird, Christoph Lange, Augusto A Litonjua, David Sparrow, Richard Casaburi, R Graham Barr, Elizabeth A Regan, Barry J Make, John E Hokanson, Sharon Lutz, Tanda Murray Dudenkov, Homayoon Farzadegan, Jacqueline B Hetmanski, Ruth Tal-Singer, David A Lomas, Per Bakke, Amund Gulsvik, James D Crapo, Edwin K Silverman, Terri H Beaty
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2014)
Loss of asthma control when patients receiving fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 100/50$mu;g DiskusS are ?stepped-down? to fluticasone propionate, salmeterol or montelukast alone*1
Authors: S. Keonig, K. Waitkus-Edwards, S. Yancey, B. Prillaman, P. Dorinsky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Paying for Health Care
Authors: Thomas Bodenheimer
Journal: JAMA (1994)

At the center of the debate over health system reform in the United States lies the decision of how to pay for health care. Health care financing in the United States evolved to its current state as a series of social interventions. Each intervention solved a problem but in turn created its own problems requiring further intervention. In this article, we discuss the historical process of health care financing as solution-creating-new-problem-requiring-new-solution. The four basic modes of paying for health care are out-of-pocket payment, individual private insurance, employment-based group private insurance, and government financing. These four modes can be viewed both as an historical progression and as a categorization of current health care financing (Table). <h3>Out-of-Pocket Payments</h3> Fred Farmer broke his leg in 1892. His son ran 4 miles to get the doctor who came to the farm to splint the leg. Fred gave the doctor a couple of chickens to
AAV-mediated intravitreal gene therapy reduces lysosomal storage in the retinal pigmented epithelium and improves retinal function in adult MPS VII mice
Authors: Anne K. Hennig, Judith Mosinger Ogilvie, Kevin K. Ohlemiller, Adrian M. Timmers, William W. Hauswirth, Mark S. Sands
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The β-glucuronidase-deficient mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) mouse accumulates partially degraded glycosaminoglycans in many cell types, including retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells in the eye. This lysosomal storage in RPE cells leads to progressive retinal degeneration and reduced function as measured by flash electroretinography (ERG). The impact of AAV-mediated intraocular gene therapy on pathology and retinal function was examined in normal and MPS VII mice treated at 4 weeks of age, when lysosomal storage is evident but functional impairment is minimal in affected animals. At 16 weeks, an age at which untreated MPS VII mice have advanced histologic lesions and significantly reduced ERG amplitudes, treated eyes had nearly normal levels of β-glucuronidase activity, preservation of cells in the outer nuclear layer of the retina, and decreased lysosomal storage within the RPE. The AAV-treated MPS VII mice also had significantly increased dark-adapted ERG amplitudes compared to untreated MPS VII mice. Although retinal function was improved, the efficacy of the treatment depended heavily on parameters related to the injection procedure, such as the injection volume, injection site, and vector dose. These data suggest that intraocular AAV-mediated therapy may be efficacious for treating the retinal disease associated with certain lysosomal storage diseases.
Diabetes Mellitus in Hebrews.
Authors: Albert Bernheim
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Philadelphia, March 3, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your editorial<sup>1</sup>on "Diabetes Mellitus" you mention Dr. von Noorden's communication on this subject, and with regard to etiology, special emphasis is given to the predisposition of the Jews to diabetes. I certainly can not agree with this view, at least not to the full extent of the general opinion. It is true, Jews are proportionately more disposed to diabetes than other people, but this fact has nothing to do with the race of Jews, and by the suggestion of the widespread prevalence of diabetes their dissemination and admixture with Indo-Germanic blood is placed on a wrong premise. It is a well-known fact that nervousness, overstrain, overwork and cares are factors in the etiology of diabetes. If we look on the statistics of diabetes, we find that merchants, bankers, etc., furnish the greater number of diabetics. If we consider this fact,
Type 17 CD8+ T cells display enhanced antitumor immunity
Authors: Christian S. Hinrichs, Andrew Kaiser, Chrystal M. Paulos, Lydie Cassard, Luis Sanchez-Perez, Bianca Heemskerk, Claudia Wrzesinski, Zachary A. Borman, Pawel Muranski, Nicholas P. Restifo
Journal: Blood (2009)
Finland's Health Care System
Authors: Terhi Hermanson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Europe, several countries with national health services have started experimenting with planned markets.<sup>1</sup>Finland has a national health care system funded through general taxation, with good access to care and a large emphasis on primary care and preventive services. In 1993, Finnish health care financing was reorganized with the purpose of increasing efficiency and performance. <h3>Background</h3> Since her independence in 1917, Finland has been a republic, combining a parliamentary system with a strong presidency. It is a country of 5 million inhabitants but is sparsely populated. The Finnish population is culturally and racially homogeneous. In contrast to Sweden and Denmark, there is very little immigration into Finland. Finland's economy was formerly dominated by agriculture; however, in the past few decades it has been primarily transformed into services (60% of the population) and industry (30% of the population).<sup>2</sup>Finland governs by a capitalistic democracy, but its people have
The immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus upregulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression.
Authors: L J Geist, M M Monick, M F Stinski, G W Hunninghake
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important cause of disease in the immunocompromised patient and CMV infection is associated with predominantly mononuclear inflammatory response. Since products of the CMV immediate early (IE) gene region are potent trans-activators, we used the monocyte cell line THP-1 and a transient transfection assay to determine if these viral proteins upregulate expression of the TNF gene. The IE genes of CMV upregulated TNF gene activity as judged by increases in promoter activity, steady state mRNA, and protein production. The presence or absence of the 3' untranslated region of the TNF gene did not affect gene expression induced by the IE gene products. These studies suggest that activation of TNF gene expression by the CMV IE gene products may, in part, account for the inflammatory response associated with CMV infections.