tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How to get shortlisted
Authors: Sarah Burnett
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Consultant radiologist Sarah Burnett has waded her way through heaps of applications. In this article she gives some tips on how to write a professional curriculum vitae (CV) which will give you a fair chance of being shortlisted

You've seen the job of your dreams advertised in the BMJ . How do you go about proving to the selection panel that it really has got to call you for interview? Your CV is your advertising tool, and it is important to design it in such a way that you look like exactly the right person for the job in order to get shortlisted. When you express an interest in the post, the human resources department should send you a job description, which outlines what you will be doing in the job and the basic terms and conditions of employment, some background information about the hospital, and a person specification which tells you the qualification, skills, and experience that the successful candidate will have.

Increasingly, the deaneries are asking, not for a CV but for you to fill in a form describing your experience, often with specific examples. You will still need to have a CV as it is necessary when applying for research grants and more senior posts. It will serve as a aide memoire when filling in the job application.

It is important to think both about the content and the appearance of your CV. It is there to enhance your appearance as a budding professional. It should be typed in a legible font in a size large enough to cope with ageing consultants' presbyopia. Resist the …
Medical firms should be retained
Authors: M. Eliastam
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Though I am sure that good reasons exist for changing the organisational structure of health care in Britain, I am disappointed by Fiona Moss and Martin McNicol's suggestion that the system of firms should be abandoned.1 The organisation of consultant services in Britain seems to be undergoing “unbundling,” and this is being accompanied by a reduction in the working hours of junior staff. What is important to continuity looks as if it may be lost.

The rapid adoption of the managed care model …
A monoclonal thyroid-stimulating antibody
Authors: Takao Ando, Rauf Latif, Alla Pritsker, Thomas Moran, Yuji Nagayama, Terry F. Davies
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The thyrotropin receptor, also known as the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), is the primary antigen of Graves disease. Stimulating TSHR antibodies are the cause of thyroid overstimulation and were originally called long-acting thyroid stimulators due to their prolonged action. Here we report the successful cloning and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (MS-1) with TSHR-stimulating activity. The thyroid-stimulating activity of MS-1 was evident at IgG concentrations as low as 20 ng/ml. MS-1 also competed for radiolabeled TSH binding to the native TSHR and was able to compete for TSH-induced stimulation. MS-1 recognized a conformational epitope within the TSHR α (or A) subunit but excluding the receptor cleavage region. Using an assay measuring loss of antibody recognition after cleavage we demonstrated that MS-1, in contrast to TSH, was unable to enhance TSHR posttranslational cleavage. Since receptor cleavage is followed by α subunit shedding and receptor degradation, the functional half-life of the receptor may be extended. The isolation and characterization of MS-1 provides a novel explanation for the prolonged thyroid stimulation in this disease which may be secondary to the lack of receptor cleavage in addition to the prolonged half-life of IgG itself.
The relationship between the course of psoriasis and transepidermal water loss, photoelectric plethysmography and reflex photometry
Authors: G. RAJKA, P. THUNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

The transepidermal water loss (TWL), photoelectric plethysmography and reflex photometry were parallelly registered on the involved hands and forearms of psoriatics. The TWL values showed a fairly good correlation with the clinical course of the disease: they increased during the active phase and decreased after return to normal. The vascular tests did not show a strict parallelism with the clinical state. On the basis of the findings, the temporal relations between epidermal and vascular factors during the different phases of the psoriatic process are discussed. The TWL can be used to predict a relapse occurring on the area investigated but not on a distant area.
A nuclear gene for higher level phylogenetics: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase tracks mesozoic-age divergences within Lepidoptera (Insecta)
Authors: T. P. Friedlander, J. C. Regier, C. Mitter, D. L. Wagner
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

The sequence of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) has been previously identified as a promising candidate for reconstructing Mesozoic-age divergences (Friedlander, Regier, and Mitter 1992, 1994). To test this hypothesis more rigorously, 597 nucleotides of aligned PEPCK coding sequence (approximately 30% of the coding region) were generated from 18 species representing Mesozoic-age lineages of moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) and outgroup taxa. Relationships among basal Lepidoptera are well established by morphological analysis, providing a strong test for the utility of a gene which has not previously been used in systematics. Parsimony and other phylogenetic analyses were conducted on nucleotides by codon positions (nt1, nt2, nt3) separately and in combination, and on amino acids, for comparison to the test phylogeny. The highest concordance was achieved with nt1 + nt2, for which one of two most-parsimonious trees was identical to the test phylogeny, and with all nucleotides when nt3 was down-weighted sevenfold or higher, for which a single most-parsimonious tree identical to the test phylogeny resulted. Substitutions in nt3 approached saturation in many, but not all, pairwise comparisons and their exclusion or severe downweighting greatly increased the degree of concordance with the test phylogeny. Neighbor-joining analysis confirms this finding. The utility of PEPCK for phylogenetics is demonstrated over a time span for which few other suitable genes are currently available.
Diseases of Muscles
Authors: Henry R. Viets, Madelaine R. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

Myotonia Myotonia Atrophica (Dystrophia Myotonica) THE pathologic aspects of the atrophic form of myotonia, a chronic hereditary disease of muscle, characterized by the development of cataract with muscular and glandular dystrophy, have been considered by Farber,1 who found striking changes in the lens in 3 cases. A slit-lamp examination revealed shiny flakes, white dots and dust-like opacities in a sharply defined layer under the anterior and posterior capsule. The flakes were green and blue, as found in cholesterol crystals. The same type of cataract, according to Farber, is seen in mongolism, traumatic myxedema, postoperative tetany and cretinism. Bertrand2 reported on . . .
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Authors: Marcel Thau
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article, "Significance of Extreme Elevation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate," by Zacharski and Kyle (<b>202</b>:264, 1967) states that "an elevated level may justify lengthy and costly laboratory and radiologic investigtions." When a patient is found to have an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), even in the absence of signs or symptoms of disease, he should undergo a complete check-up until the cause of the elevation is found (<i>Conn Med J</i><b>19</b>:871, 1955). Most of the time, evidence of an asymptomatic but severe disease will be found. If not, no conclusion can be made that "it would appear that a sedimentation rate of more than 100 mm in one hour is not always evidence of serious disease." The only thing one can say is that no evidence could be elucidated at this time, and that the patient must be observed for as long as the rate
Interleukin 1 enhances T-dependent immune responses by amplifying the function of dendritic cells.
Authors: S L Koide, K Inaba, R M Steinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The function of exogenous murine recombinant IL-1 alpha as a T lymphocyte-activating molecule was examined. IL-1 did not induce IL-2 release or responsiveness in purified T cells regardless of their state of activation: unprimed lymphocytes, freshly sensitized lymphocytes, or memory cells derived from the blasts. Nor did IL-1 synergize with mitogens, or with antigens, to stimulate proliferation. For example the combinations of IL-1 plus Ia+ peritoneal macrophages, or IL-1 plus Con A, were less than 5% as effective in triggering T cell growth as a low dose (1%) of dendritic cells. However, when IL-1 was added at the onset of culture, the response to limiting doses of dendritic cells was increased 3- to 10-fold in several systems: the syngeneic and allogeneic MLR, Con A- and periodate-induced polyclonal mitogenesis, and T-dependent antibody formation against foreign red cells. The amplifying effect of IL-1 could be obtained if the dendritic cells but not the responding lymphocytes were exposed to IL-1 before use as accessory cells. Optimal activation of dendritic cells required a dose of 5 U/ml (50 pM) and 18 h of exposure, and was not due to carryover of IL-1 into the lymphocyte culture. IL-2, IL-3, and cachectin/TNF did not amplify dendritic cell function, while IFN-gamma diminished it. The enhanced function of IL-1-treated dendritic cells was due to an enhanced clustering with helper T lymphocytes in the first day of the MLR response. Therefore IL-1 does not seem to act as an activating factor for most peripheral T lymphocytes. Instead, IL-1 enhances the function of accessory dendritic cells and represents the first molecule that has been shown to enhance the immune response at this critical level.
A1.24 Shift in blood immune cell composition in ageing and osteoarthritis patients
Authors: F Ponchel, AN Burska, M Campbell, R Raja, D White, P Emery, PG Conaghan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Immuno-senescence and inflammageing are features of the ageing immune system. Such age-related abnormalities may be synergising with structural defects of the musculoskeletal system augmenting the development of OA. Our aim was to establish if abnormalities of blood immune cell composition were associated with OA, beyond defects already associated with ageing. <h3>Methods</h3> Blood was collected from 120 healthy controls (age 18–69) to establish variations associated with age and 110 OA patients (age 49–85). Synovial tissue biopsies were obtained for 52 OA patients. We examined loss or acquisition of age-related changes in blood immune cells composition using flow-cytometry to establish frequencies of CD4/CD8, B, NK-cells. T and B-cells were analysed further for phenotypes including an inflammation related cell (IRC) subset. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse immune cell infiltration in OA synovial tissue. <h3>Results</h3> OA synovial tissue had a normal appearance in 13/52 samples. In 28/52 samples diffuse infiltration of T and B-cells could be observed while formation of small aggregates was found in 10 cases. The presence of an ectopic germinal centre-like structure was only seen in one sample. Lineage analysis showed no change in relation with age for NK, CD4, and B-cells, weak decline in CD8 ( <i>rho </i>= -0.300, p = 0.019) and increase in NKT ( <i>rho </i>= 0.315, p = 0.012). Phenotyping T/B-cells revealed clear age-related changes with reduction of naïve CD4<sup>+</sup>T-cell <i>(rho </i>= 0.817, p &lt; 0.0001), increased Treg (rho = 0.501, p = 0.001), increased naive B-cells (rho = -0.501, p = 0.002) and reduced memory <i>(rho </i>= -0.518, p = 0.002). In OA, NK cells become positively related to age ( <i>rho </i>= 0.350, p &lt; 0.0001), CD4 and B-cells negatively ( <i>rho </i>= -0.318, p = 0.001, rho = -0.260,p = 0.006 respectively). The CD8 relationship was lost. Naïve CD4 cells appeared to be particularly affected with increased frequencies in 32/110 patients. Treg were reduced in 41/105 patients irrespective of age. IRC were only increased in 16 patients. B-cell subsets were also affected resulting in loss of age-relationships observed in health. We observed that longer disease duration was associated with loss of CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells ( <i>rho </i>= -0.297, p = 0.025). IRC frequency was also associated with disease duration ( <i>rho </i>= 0.248, p = 0.058) and were also more frequent in patients affected in the hip (p = 0.002) or foot (p = 0.023). We observed no further association with B-cell subsets/phenotypes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This analysis of the immune cell composition of the blood of OA patients suggests that immune dysfunction is present in OA beyond what is directly related to ageing. The relationship to severity of OA inflammation requires further investigation. The therapeutic implications of this warrant further study.
Arginine 595 is duplicated in patients with acute leukemias carrying internal tandem duplications of FLT3 and modulates its transforming potential
Authors: Sridhar Vempati, Carola Reindl, Seshu Kumar Kaza, Ruth Kern, Theodora Malamoussi, Martin Dugas, Gudrun Mellert, Susanne Schnittger, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Karsten Spiekermann
Journal: Blood (2007)
Contractile reserve influences prognosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: J. Drozdz, M. Krzeminska-Pakula, M. Ciesielczyk, M. Rau, J.D. Kasprzak, T. Waszyrowski, M. Plewka, R. Jencek, K. Rafalska, Z. Bednarkiewicz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Abstract 4490: Triapine sensitizes chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to platinum therapy.
Authors: Elena S. Ratner, Margaret Whicker, Z. Ping Lin, Alan C. Sartorelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the second most common female pelvic reproductive organ cancer in the United States, and carries the highest mortality in this category in the Western world. The progression free survival and overall survival depend greatly on tumor sensitivity to a platinum chemotherapy. Once platinum resistance is encountered, response rates of only 6-30% are achieved. Triapine, a novel small-molecule drug developed in our laboratory, potently inhibits the activity of ribonucleotide reductase involved in the key step of DNA synthesis and replication. Given that triapine caused profound disruption of dNTP levels and S phase progression, we examined the effects of triapine on the repair of replication-associated DSBs and on the sensitivity of platinum resistant EOC to DNA damaging and platinum therapy. Methods: Cell sensitivity to varying ratios of treating drug combinations (triapine/6-thio-guanine alone, triapine/6-thioguanine with cisplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, or paclitaxel) was carried out by clonogenic survival assays using multiple EOC cells lines (A2780, CP70, CAOV-3, IGROV-1, BG-1, PEO1, PEO4, SKOV-3). Colonies were stained and counted to determine % survival. DNA replication was determined by EdU incorporation into DNA using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results: Treatment with triapine leads to synergistic sensitization of BRCA wild-type EOC cells to platinum drugs. The degree of sensitization by triapine is more pronounced toward the lower concentrations of platinum drugs, at which DNA replication is still ongoing. Platinum drugs induce DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and Rad51 foci in BRCA wild type EOC cells. Triapine attenuates formation of Rad51 foci, a marker of DSB repair, in these cells. For EOC cells that are highly platinum resistant, combination of triapine and 6-thioguanine is required to achieve significant sensitization to platinum drugs. Conclusions: Platinum drugs induce replication-associated DSBs and Rad51-dependent repair in BRCA wild-type EOC cells. Triapine inhibits Rad51-dependent repair of DSBs and therefore sensitizes BRCA wild-type EOC cells to platinum drugs. The mechanism by which 6-thioguanine enhances the effects of triapine is currently being investigated. Our findings indicate for the first time that triapine and 6-thioguanine can be used in combination with platinum agents to target BRCA wild-type and platinum-resistant EOC. Citation Format: Elena S. Ratner, Margaret Whicker, Z. Ping Lin, Alan C. Sartorelli. Triapine sensitizes chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to platinum therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4490
Advances in Radiation Therapy: Conventional to 3D, to IMRT, to 4D, and Beyond
Authors: M. K. Bucci, A. Bevan, M. Roach
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2005)

Modern advances in computers have fueled parallel advances in imaging technologies. The improvements in imaging have in turn allowed a higher level of complexity to be incorporated into radiotherapy treatment planning systems. As a result of these changes, the delivery of radiotherapy evolved from therapy designed based primarily on plain (two dimensional) x-ray images and hand calculations to three-dimensional x-ray based images incorporating increasingly complex computer algorithms. More recently, biologic variables based on differences between tumor metabolism, tumor antigens, and normal tissues have been incorporated into the treatment process. In addition, greater awareness of the challenges to the accuracy of the treatment planning process, such as problems with set-error and organ movement, have begun to be systematically addressed, ushering in an era of so-called Four-Dimensional Radiotherapy. This review article discusses how these advances have changed the way the most common neoplasms are treated now and will be treated in the near future.
Optimal blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients. Report from the Department of Health Hypertension Care Computing Project (DHCCP).
Authors: C J Bulpitt, A J Palmer, A E Fletcher, D G Beevers, E C Coles, J G Ledingham, P W O'Riordan, J C Petrie, B E Rajagopalan, J Webster
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND We wished to determine the range of treated systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) associated with the best survival in hypertensive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a cohort study of patients enrolled in the DoH Hypertension Care Computer Project. Five specialist hypertension clinics (95% of patients) and general practitioners (5%) followed 6214 patients (3070 men and 3144 women) with an average age of 52 years for a mean of 107 months. Total, cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, (IHD) and stroke mortality were the outcome measures. Age-adjusted relative hazard rates were calculated giving the effect on mortality of systolic or diastolic pressure being higher by 1 mm Hg. In men the optimal level of SBP for all four measures of mortality was the lowest pressure range observed, 92 to 133 mm Hg (median 127). For women the treated SBP range of 96 to 148 mm Hg (median 137) was associated with a low total mortality and also with low to moderate rates for IHD and stroke mortality. Relative hazard rates (P &lt; .001) for IHD mortality were 1.010 for men and 1.013 for women and for stroke mortality were 1.018 and 1.021, respectively. The results were similar in men under and over the age of 60. SBP and DBP tended to be more important in younger than older women. For treated DBP in men, a pressure of 55 to 94 mm Hg (median 87) was associated with a low total mortality. The lowest stroke mortality in men was observed for a DBP range of 55 to 83 mm Hg (median 80) but with a tendency for an increase in IHD mortality. For women DBP &lt; 95 mm Hg (range 55 to 94, median 87) also was associated with a low total mortality. IHD mortality in women was not closely related to treated DBP, relative hazard rate = 1.003, [95% confidence index (CI); 0.990,1.017] but the relative hazard rate for men was 1.011, (95% CI; 1.000, 1.022). The relative hazard rates for treated DBP and stroke were high at 1.035 and 1.028 for men and women, respectively (P &lt; .001). IHD mortality increased in the one third of patients with the greatest fall in DBP on treatment, provided they were not initially in the one-third group with highest untreated DBP. CONCLUSIONS The best overall survival was associated with a treated SBP of &lt; 134 mm Hg in men and &lt; 149 mm Hg in women and a treated DBP of &lt; 95 mm Hg.
Slow Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System: Investigational Approaches to Etiology and Pathogenesis of These Diseases
Authors: Stuart A. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This excellent volume, derived from a workshop held at the University of Würzburg in March 1975 summarizes investigational approaches to the etiology and pathogenesis of human and animal slow virus diseases. Topics covered include unconventional agents, such as those associated with scrapie, kuru, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and conventional agents, including those related to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Approximately one fourth of the book is devoted to multiple sclerosis. Leaders in the field of biologic investigations but not engaged in slow virus research participated in a final critique. This is not the book with which to begin a study of this rapidly expanding field, for the experts at this conference spoke to each other in great and complex detail. However, for the reader with an average background in neurology or infectious disease, the delineation of past and present approaches designed to clarify these slowly transmissible disorders, blended with
Physician-Nurse Relationships
Authors: Denise Heinemann
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his editorial on "The Generation Gap" (1981;246:872), Leonard B. Berman, MD, asked, "Does anybody know of a hospital that has a committee dedicated to physician-nurse relationships?" Yes, Dr Berman, there are hospitals where joint committees of nurses and physicians meet to discuss their respective practices. Fourteen hospitals in Connecticut, nearly half of all those in the state, now have collaborative practice committees. These are usually composed of equal numbers of physicians and nurses and function at the institutional, departmental, or unit level, depending on the size of the institution. Collaborative or joint practice committees provide a forum for discussion and agreement on patient care issues that are influenced by the way that nurses and physicians practice. Such forums stimulate exchanges of beliefs and values about patient care that allow the practitioners involved to understand how each profession regards itself and its contribution to patient care, to
National Hospital Day — Hunter House — A Heifer Calf
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IT is obvious that there can be no regrets for the days when hospitals had to rely on charity for their maintenance. On the other hand National Hospital Day provided an opportunity for reminding the public of the service rendered by the old voluntary hospitals. It was an annual treat to see the nurses in the streets of London and elsewhere, each persuasively asking the busy city men to buy a flag for her hospital. The students, too, were glad to be granted a day's vacation to accompany a nurse on such an expedition, and it was almost a matter . . .
Integration of cytogenetic and molecular alterations in risk stratification of 318 patients with de novo non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: H-A Hou, C-C Lin, W-C Chou, C-Y Liu, C-Y Chen, J-L Tang, Y-J Lai, M-H Tseng, C-F Huang, Y-C Chiang, F-Y Lee, Y-Y Kuo, M-C Lee, M-C Liu, C-W Liu, L-I Lin, M Yao, S-Y Huang, B-S Ko, S-C Hsu, S-J Wu, W Tsay, Y-C Chen, H-F Tien
Journal: Leukemia (2013)