tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sen Grassley: FDA May Lack Whistleblower Protections
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radiographic Atlas of the Genitourinary System
Authors: SAUL BOYARSKY
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In the year 1966, it would be timely to stress "diag- nosis in the useful period."We know, alas, that the diagnosis of most bronchial cancers, esophageal cancers, and gastric cancers cannot be made in the useful period, that is, the period before the tumor has disseminated.The usual time of clinical recognition of cancer is in the last 20 per cent of the lifetime of that given cancer.The articles on the use of hyperbaric oxygen in conjunction with radiotherapy or chemotherapy are properly conservative.The absence of clinical controls is of course a stumbling block.Humphrey has a commendably candid article on the treatment of primary bronchial cancer.The monograph is well-illustrated and indexed.L.
Talent identification in kabaddi
Authors: Vishal Thakur
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Studies have revealed that scientific approach for talent identification is of utmost importance for superior performance in sports. It is very important that every sportsman is aware of his or her standard of performance and where he or she stands in comparison to other players. Measurement will show the coach how effective his training is and how well the player has assimilated the skill taught. If tests are administered during the training process, the evaluation becomes a motivating factor for the trainees, leading to self-improvement. In kabaddi the need for a scientific approach in talent identification of players at a young age can be nurturing, in a systematic manner to bring out their potential in full and for best performance. The selected tests must be objective, reliable, valid and should be applied in correct norms.
Treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia. United Kingdom lipid clinics study of pravastatin and cholestyramine.
Authors: D. J. Betteridge, D. Bhatnager, R. F. Bing, P. N. Durrington, G. R. Evans, H. Flax, R. H. Jay, N. Lewis-Barned, J. Mann, D. R. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To compare the efficacy and safety of cholestyramine, an anion exchange resin, and pravastatin, a new hydrophilic specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, in the treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. DESIGN--Double blind, double dummy, placebo controlled study with three parallel groups. SETTING--Six specialist lipid clinics in the United Kingdom. PATIENTS--128 patients aged 18-70 with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia diagnosed on strict biochemical and clinical findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein subfractions and biochemical and haematological safety parameters. RESULTS--Pravastatin (40 mg/day) led to a 25% reduction in total plasma cholesterol concentration and a reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration of 30%. Cholestyramine (24 g/day) led to similar reductions in concentrations of total cholesterol (23%) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (31%). No consistent changes occurred in high density lipoprotein cholesterol values with either compound. Plasma triglyceride concentrations showed a small rise (18%) on resin therapy. No serious adverse drug reactions occurred during the study. CONCLUSIONS--Pravastatin seems to be a highly effective, well tolerated drug for severe hypercholesterolaemia. Patients chosen for this study were recruited on the basis that they could tolerate a full dose of cholestyramine, and in this situation cholestyramine was also highly effective in lowering plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.
Government gets tough on healthcare fraud, collects $4.2bn
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The circadian clock influences a number of cardiovascular (patho)physiological processes including the incidence of acute myocardial infarction. A circadian variation in infarct size has recently been shown in rodents, but there is no clinical evidence of this finding. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the impact of time-of-day onset of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on infarct size. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective single-centre analysis of 811 patients with STEMI admitted between 2003 and 2009 was performed. Infarct size was estimated by peak enzyme release. The relationship between peak enzyme concentrations and time-of-day were characterised using multivariate regression splines. Time of STEMI onset was divided into four 6-hour periods in phase with circadian rhythms. <h3>Results</h3> Model comparisons based on likelihood ratio tests showed a circadian variation in infarct size across time-of-day as evaluated by peak creatine kinase (CK) and troponin-I (TnI) concentrations (p=0.015 and p=0.012, respectively). CK and TnI curves described similar patterns across time, with a global maximum in the 6:00–noon period and a local minimum in the noon–18:00 period. Infarct size was largest in patients with STEMI onset in the dark-to-light transition period (6:00–noon), with an increase in peak CK and TnI concentrations of 18.3% (p=0.031) and 24.6% (p=0.033), respectively, compared with onset of STEMI in the 18:00–midnight period. Patients with anterior wall STEMI also had significantly larger infarcts than those with STEMI in other locations. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Significant circadian oscillations in infarct size were found in patients according to time-of-day of STEMI onset. The infarct size was found to be significantly larger with STEMI onset in the dark-to-light transition period (6:00–noon). If confirmed, these results may have a significant impact on the interpretation of clinical trials of cardioprotective strategies in STEMI.
A Frontotemporal Dementia-like Syndrome Mimicking Postpartum Depression Detected by 18F Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Vikas Kotagal, Matthew T. Lorincz, Nicolaas I. Bohnen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) PET (positron emission tomography) is a useful tool in the clinical workup of patients being evaluated for dementing illnesses. It is particularly effective at differentiating primary neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease from alternative considerations including frontotemporal dementia. We present the case of a patient with peripartum antibody-mediated voltage-gated potassium channel encephalitis whose FDG PET findings were suggestive of frontotemporal dementia-like disorder. Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody-mediated encephalitis is an increasingly described clinical phenomenon whose presentation may mimic primary neurodegenerative diseases.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a dominant feature of hereditary apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis
Authors: Gina Gregorini, Claudia Izzi, Pietro Ravani, Laura Obici, Nadia Dallera, Andrea Del Barba, Alessandro Negrinelli, Regina Tardanico, Matilde Nardi, Luciano Biasi, Tiziano Scalvini, Giampaolo Merlini, Francesco Scolari
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Cute Sayings, Costly Drugs-Reply
Authors: F. Ronald Stanton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —Allen & Hanburys and Glaxo Pharmaceuticals place great value on the cost-effectiveness of all our prescription medicines, including Ceftin. We also value our relationship with pharmacists, and we take very seriously the important role that pharmacists play in providing quality health care. Due to an oversight, our 1992 desk calendar contains an entry that does not accurately reflect the ethical standards and beliefs of Glaxo Inc. All undistributed copies of the calendar have been destroyed. We regret that we may have offended Dr Thompson, or any health care professional, and for this we apologize.
Generalized hair follicle hamartoma with a positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody
Authors: SusanC. Mayoi, A.V. Anstey, J.D. Kirby, D.J. Lowe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Generalized hair follicle hamartoma with a positive anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody Get access SusanC. Mayoi, SusanC. Mayoi Departments of Dermatology St Bartholomew's Hospital, London ECIA7BE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.V. Anstey, A.V. Anstey Departments of Dermatology St Bartholomew's Hospital, London ECIA7BE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Kirby, J.D. Kirby Departments of Dermatology St Bartholomew's Hospital, London ECIA7BE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Lowe D.J. Lowe Departments of Histopathology St Bartholomew's Hospital, London ECIA7BE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 5, 1 November 1991, Pages 496–498, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14781.x Published: 01 November 1991
Anterior Pituitary Deficiency in Disorders Associated with Steatorrhoea
Authors: J. N. Mickerson
Journal: BMJ (1960)

The order against H. influentzae and Proteus is also G>V>B, with considerable differences between G and the other two.For the skilful and rapid execution of this work, and for devising the method used for resistant staphylococci, I am indebted to Miss Pamela M. Waterworth.I am also indebted to Beecham Research Laboratories Ltd. for a supply of " broxil," and to Dr. J. S. Murrell for many strains of staphylococci isolated during a current study of antibiotic resistance in septic lesions
Transmyocardial Revascularization with a Carbon Dioxide Laser in Patients with End-Stage Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: O.H. Frazier, Robert J. March, Keith A. Horvath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The construction of subendocardial channels to perfuse ischemic areas of the myocardium has been investigated since the 1950s. We assessed the safety and efficacy of transmyocardial revascularization with a carbon dioxide laser in patients with refractory angina and left ventricular free-wall ischemia that was not amenable to direct coronary revascularization.
93 RIFAXIMIN IS EFFECTIVE IN MAINTAINING REMISSION IN HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: RESULTS OF A LARGE, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: N. Bass, K. Mullen, S. Sigal, A. Sanyal, F. Poordad, K. Merchant, S. Huang, A. Shaw, E. Bortey, W. Forbes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Is the class A macrophage scavenger receptor (SR-A) multifunctional? — The mouse’s tale
Authors: Nick Platt, Siamon Gordon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

SR-A ligands Ligand Non-ligand Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Native LDL Acetylated LDL Oxidized High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Native HDL Maleylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) BSA Malondialdehyde BSA Fucoidan Heparin Dextran Sulfate Chondroitan Sulfate Polyguanylic acid (poly G) Polycytidylic acid (poly C) Polyinosinic acid (poly I) Polyadenylic acid (poly A) Crocidolite asbestos Silica Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) Gram negative bacteria Gram positive bacteria Apoptotic cells Receptor recognition or nonrecognition has been shown for these molecules, either through direct binding studies or the inhibition of modified lipoprotein endocytosis.
Role of thromboxane in impaired renal vasodilatation response to acetylcholine in hypercholesterolemic rats.
Authors: N Bank, H S Aynedjian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Short-term cholesterol feeding has been shown to cause impaired vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine. The present study of renal hemodynamics was carried out to examine the role of thromboxane/PGH2 in mediating this abnormal response. In normal rats (ND), infusion of acetylcholine into the suprarenal aorta caused marked increases in renal blood flow, GFR, single nephron glomerular filtration rate, single nephron afferent plasma flow, and ultrafiltration coefficient, accompanied by a fall in preglomerular resistance. In cholesterol fed rats (CSD), the response to acetylcholine was markedly blunted. Infusion of L-arginine, the precursor to nitric oxide (NO), caused comparable renal vasodilatation in ND and CSD rats, implying that the ability to synthesize NO from its precursor was not severely impaired in the CSD animals. The observations do not exclude, however, the possibility of impaired synthesis of NO from endogenous precursor. In additional experiments, we infused a TxA2/PGH2 receptor antagonist in CSD rats and then administered acetylcholine. Renal vasodilatation occurred to a degree indistinguishable from that in ND rats given acetylcholine alone. When ND rats were infused with the same combination of the TxA2/PGH2 receptor antagonist and acetylcholine, renal vasodilatation was also significantly greater than with acetylcholine alone. This suggests that acetylcholine initiates release of vasoconstrictor prostanoids as well as NO from vascular endothelium. This was observed in ND as well as in CSD animals. Because LDL increases the supply of arachidonic acid for prostaglandin synthesis, we postulate that greater amounts of PGH2/TxA2 are synthesized via calcium activation of phospholipase A2 when acetylcholine is administered to CSD animals. This may account in large measure for the blunted vasodilatation to acetylcholine.
Biological interaction of selenium with other trace elements in chicks.
Authors: G O Howell, C H Hill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Studies were conducted to determine whether or not elements whose valence shell of electrons was similar to that of selenium would reverse the toxicity of selenium to chicks. The elements studied were arsenic, tellurium, tin, and lead. Each of these elements, when added to the diet of chicks, reversed the toxicity of 25 ppm selenium as measured by weight gain. In spite of the protection afforded by these elements, there was no decrease in liver concentration of selenium except with levels of arsenic higher than that needed for reversal of toxicity.
An Assimilative View Of Neurosis
Authors: I. Emery Breitner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to present some observations that led me to a different view of neurosis, a view that I think gives a better understanding of the problem. I see neurosis as an assimilated negative parental attitude (—PA): assimilation, incorporation of indifference, mistrust, rejection, disinterest, and dissatisfaction. After years of psychiatric practice, I could see only one clue, only one way to understand patients' feelings; to see it as a result of parental attitudes. I was impressed how much this attitude means— whether a parent trusts or mistrusts, has confidence or doubt and disappointment in his child. I began to realize that we all feel and see ourselves as our parents did. One can't be happy and satisfied if his parents were dissatisfied with him. One can't be pleased if they were disappointed in him. He can't trust if they didn't trust him, can't love if he
A Study of the XYY Syndrome in Tall Men and Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Michelle J. Marinello
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Four new examples of the XYY karyotype were ascertained in a survey of selected male populations. Among men 183 cm (6 ft) or greater in height, two out of 86 tested in a state prison, one out of 76 tested in a mental hospital, and none in 30 normal men were found to be XYY. One 11-year-old boy was also found among a group of 57 male juvenile offenders not selected for height, referred from a family court clinic. None of the XYY subjects showed significant physical abnormalities other than increased height. All came from broken or unsatisfactory homes, perhaps an important factor in leading to their sociopathic behavior.
Replication of human immunodeficiency virus in monocytes. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) potentiates viral production yet enhances the antiviral effect mediated by 3'-azido-2'3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) and other dideoxynucleoside congeners of thymidine.
Authors: C F Perno, R Yarchoan, D A Cooney, N R Hartman, D S Webb, Z Hao, H Mitsuya, D G Johns, S Broder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We have investigated the influence of granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) on the replication of HIV-1 in cells of monocyte/macrophage (M/M) lineage, and its effect on the anti-HIV activity of several 2'3'-dideoxynucleoside congeners of thymidine in these cells in vitro. We found that replication of both HTLV-IIIBa-L (a monocytotropic strain of HIV-1) and HTLV-IIIB (a lymphocytotropic strain) is markedly enhanced in M/M, but not in lymphocytes exposed to GM-CSF in culture. Moreover, GM-CSF reduced the dose of HIV required to obtain productive infection in M/M. Even in the face of this increased infection, GM-CSF also enhanced the net anti-HIV activity of 3'-azido-2'3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) and several related congeners: 2'3'-dideoxythymidine (ddT), 2'3'-dideoxy-2'3'-didehydrothymidine (D4T), and 3'-azido-2'3'-dideoxyuridine (AZddU). Inhibition of viral replication in GM-CSF-exposed M/M was achieved with concentrations of AZT and related drugs, which were 10-100 times lower than those inhibitory for HIV-1 in monocytes in the absence of GM-CSF. Other dideoxynucleosides not related to AZT showed unchanged or decreased anti-HIV activity in GM-CSF-exposed M/M. To investigate the possible biochemical basis for these effects, we evaluated the metabolism of several drugs in M/M exposed to GM-CSF. We observed in these cells markedly increased levels of both parent and mono-, di-, and triphosphate anabolites of AZT and D4T compared with M/M not exposed to GM-CSF. By contrast, only limited increases of endogenous competing 2'-deoxynucleoside-5'-triphosphate pools were observed after GM-CSF exposure. Thus, the ratio of AZT-5'-triphosphate/2'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate and 2'3'-dideoxy-2'3'-didehydrothymidine-5'-triphosphate/2'-deoxythymi dine- 5'-triphosphate is several-fold higher in GM-CSF-exposed M/M, and this may account for the enhanced activity of such drugs in these cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that GM-CSF increases HIV-1 replication in M/M, while at the same time enhancing the anti-HIV activity of AZT and related congeners in these cells. These results may have implications in exploring new therapeutic strategies in patients with severe HIV infection.
Coronary Artery Occlusion Resulting From Blunt Trauma
Authors: Thomas Stern
Journal: JAMA (1974)

SEVERE, frontal, nonpenetrating chest trauma is a common event that frequently results in a variety of intrathoracic injuries. The occurrence of a blunt injury to a major coronary artery resulting in coronary occlusion has been rarely reported. A cause and effect relationship between blunt chest injury and coronary occlusion may, at times, be difficult to prove because of the presence of preexisting atheromatous stenosis in the coronary vessels.<sup>1-5</sup>We report the occurrence of complete obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery following severe, frontal, nonpenetrating chest injury sustained in an automobile accident. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 16-year-old white teen-ager was admitted to Baptist Memorial Hospital on Aug 25, 1972, following an automobile accident. He was riding in the seat next to the driver and recalled striking his chest and chin on the steering wheel and dashboard. He sustained multiple facial fractures with obstruction of the upper airway
Reconciling discrete psychological typology with a psychobiological continuum
Authors: Michel Le Moal, Pier Vincenzo Piazza
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Structure entails arrangements and interrelations of parts that organize the whole (i.e., personality). It involves stability of traits over time. Extraversion varies along a continuum towards introversion. Multiple behavioral and biological variables in several systems vary and are regulated homeostatically within the normal range. If there is a fixed point for an individual, what inhibits variation in the biological parameter?
Renal crystal deposits and histopathology in patients with cystine stones
Authors: A.P. Evan, F.L. Coe, J.E. Lingeman, Y. Shao, B.R. Matlaga, S.C. Kim, S.B. Bledsoe, A.J. Sommer, M. Grynpas, C.L. Phillips, E.M. Worcester
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
The effect of folic acid based homocysteine lowering on cardiovascular events in people with kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: M. J. Jardine, A. Kang, S. Zoungas, S. D. Navaneethan, T. Ninomiya, S. U. Nigwekar, M. P. Gallagher, A. Cass, G. Strippoli, V. Perkovic
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To systematically review the effect of folic acid based homocysteine lowering on cardiovascular outcomes in people with kidney disease. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov to June 2011. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised trials in people with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease or end stage kidney disease or with a functioning kidney transplant reporting at least 100 patient years of follow-up and assessing the effect of folic acid based homocysteine lowering therapy. No language restrictions were applied. <b>Data extraction</b> Two reviewers independently extracted data on study setting, design, and outcomes using a standardised form. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality, or as defined by study author). Secondary endpoints included the individual composite components, all cause mortality, access thrombosis, requirement for renal replacement therapy, and reported adverse events, including haematological and neurological events. The effect of folic acid based homocysteine lowering on outcomes was assessed with meta-analysis using random effects models. <b>Results</b> 11 trials were identified that reported on 4389 people with chronic kidney disease, 2452 with end stage kidney disease, and 4110 with functioning kidney transplants (10 951 participants in total). Folic acid based homocysteine therapy did not prevent cardiovascular events (relative risk 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 1.03, P=0.326) or any of the secondary outcomes. There was no evidence of heterogeneity in subgroup analyses, including those of kidney disease category, background fortification, rates of pre-existing disease, or baseline homocysteine level. The definitions of chronic kidney disease varied widely between the studies. Non-cardiovascular events could not be analysed as few studies reported these outcomes. <b>Conclusions</b> Folic acid based homocysteine lowering does not reduce cardiovascular events in people with kidney disease. Folic acid based regimens should not be used for the prevention of cardiovascular events in people with kidney disease.