tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Threat of unemployment and cardiovascular risk factors: longitudinal study of quality of sleep and serum cholesterol concentrations in men threatened with redundancy.
Authors: I Mattiasson, F Lindgarde, J A Nilsson, T Theorell
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To assess whether the threat of unemployment affects risk factors for cardiovascular disease. DESIGN--Longitudinal study of a cohort of middle aged shipyard workers followed up for a mean of 6.2 (SD 1.9) years and a group of controls observed for the same period. The first investigation took place during a period of relative economic stability for the shipyard and the second during the phase of its closure. SETTING--An age cohort health screening programme in Malmö, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS--715 Male shipyard workers and 261 age matched male controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Changes in 19 variables related to the risk of cardiovascular disease, and psychological variables, alcohol consumption, smoking, and dietary habits as assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS--Serum cholesterol concentrations increased more (mean 0.25 (SD 0.68) mmol/l v 0.08 (0.66) mmol/l) and serum calcium concentrations decreased less (-0.06 (0.10) mmol/l v -0.08 (0.09) mmol/l) in the shipyard workers than in the controls. A correlation was found between scores for sleep disturbance and changes in serum cholesterol concentration. In the whole series there was a greater increase in serum cholesterol concentrations among men threatened with unemployment (437/976; 44.8%) than among those who were not. In stepwise regression analysis the change in serum cholesterol concentration was correlated with changes in haemoglobin concentration, body weight, and serum triglyceride and calcium concentrations. A positive correlation was found between change in cholesterol concentration and change in blood pressure, indicating that the overall risk profile had worsened among men with increased serum cholesterol concentrations. CONCLUSIONS--Risk of unemployment increases the serum cholesterol concentration in middle aged men, the increase being more pronounced in those with sleep disturbance. The increase in serum cholesterol is related to changes in other established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These findings might partly explain the excessive mortality due to cardiovascular disease recorded among the unemployed and people with sleep disturbance.
Effects of vasodilators and perfusion pressure on coronary flow and simultaneous release of nitric oxide from guinea pig isolated hearts
Authors: Satoshi Fujita, David L Roerig, Zeljko J Bosnjak, David F Stowe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: The aims were to validate the use of a direct reading NO electrode, to compare the effects of diverse acting drugs on altering coronary flow (CF) and NO release, and to examine the effects of altered perfusion pressure on flow-induced changes in NO concentration [NO] in the hemoglobin free effluent of guinea pig isolated hearts. Methods: Hearts were isolated and perfused initially at a constant perfusion pressure (55 mmHg) with a modified Krebs–Ringer's solution equilibrated with 97% O2 and 3% CO2 at 37°C. Heart rate, left ventricular pressure, CF, and effluent pH, pCO2, pO2, and NO generated current were monitored continuously on-line. Effluent was sampled for l-citrulline. Percent O2 extraction and O2 consumption were calculated. [NO] was quantitated with a sensitive amperometric sensor (sensitivity ≥1 nmol/l≈3 pA) and a selective gas permeable membrane. Results: The electrode was not sensitive to changes in solution pO2, flow, or pressure. The electrode was sensitive to pCO2 (−0.50 nmol/l/mmHg) and temperature (+24.5 nmol/l/°C), so coronary effluent pCO2 was measured to compensate for a small decrease in pCO2 that occurred with an increase in coronary flow, and effluent temperature was rigidly controlled. Serotonin, bradykinin, and nitroprusside increased NO release along with CF, whereas nifedipine, butanedione monoxime, zaprinast, and bimakalim comparably increased CF but did not increase [NO] or NO release. Increases in CF (ml/g/min) and NO release (pmol/g/min), respectively, were 5.0±1 and 100±17 for 1 μmol/l serotonin, 7.5±1 and 148±18 for 100 nmol/l bradykinin, and 7.8±1 and 173±28 for 100 μmol/l nitroprusside. The increases in effluent NO by bradykinin were proportional to the increases in l-citrulline. Tetraethylammonium decreased CF, but did not change NO release, indomethacin changed neither CF nor NO release, and NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) reduced CF by 2.6±1 ml/g/min and NO release by 25±8 pmol/g/min. An increase of CF of 8.0±0.3 ml/g/min, produced by increasing perfusion pressure from 25 to 90 mmHg, increased [NO] by 30±4 nmol/l; l-NAME but did not reduce the pressure-induced increase in CF, but reduced the increase in [NO] to 10±5 nmol/l. Conclusions: This study demonstrates in intact hearts real-time release of NO by several vasodilator drugs and by pressure-induced increases in flow (shear stress) and attenuation of these effects by l-NAME.
Selective ETA receptor blockade prevents left ventricular remodeling and deterioration of cardiac function in experimental heart failure
Authors: Paul Mulder, Vincent Richard, François Bouchart, Geneviève Derumeaux, Klaus Münter, Christian Thuillez
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Left ventricular (LV) dilation, which is a predictor of survival in humans with chronic heart failure (CHF), is limited by a mixed endothelin ETA-ETB antagonist. Whether selective ETA receptor blockade influences LV dilation is unknown. We determined, in a rat model of CHF, the effects of the ETA receptor blocker LU 135,252 on LV remodeling.Rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation and treated for ten weeks with placebo or LU 135,252 (LU), at a dose of 10 or 30 mg kg-1 day-1. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate (plethysmography) were determined in conscious animals before and after four and ten weeks of treatment. At these time points, cardiac output and LV dimensions were measured in anesthetized rats by transthoracic echocardiography. LV hemodynamics were determined in anesthetized rats after ten weeks. Pressor responses to ET-1 (1 nmol/kg, i.v.) and sarafotoxin S6c (0.3 ng/kg, i.v.) were measured, to assess the efficacy of ET receptor antagonism and the lack of blockade of ETB receptor blockade, respectively. The pressor response to ET-1 was significantly reduced by LU (% change in systolic blood pressure: sham: 9 +/- 1; CHF: 5 +/- 1; CHF LU: 0 +/- 3 and -4 +/- 2% for the low and high dose, respectively). LU did not affect the response to sarafotoxin (CHF: -37 +/- 3; CHF LU: -29 +/- 3 and -28 +/- 2% for the low and high dose, respectively). Both doses of LU decreased systolic blood pressure, but only the high dose of LU reduced heart rate. Furthermore, LU restored cardiac output dose-dependently throughout the study. Both doses of LU limited LV dilatation and deterioration of LV fractional shortening to the same extent. After ten weeks, LU normalized LV end-diastolic- and central venous pressures, but did not affect LV dP/dtmax or dP/dtmin. LU did not prevent the development of cardiac hypertrophy, but reduced LV collagen density.In this rat model, the selective ETA receptor blocker LU, at the dose of 30 mg kg-1 day-1, reduced blood pressure and heart rate, limited progressive left ventricular remodeling and improved cardiac hemodynamics and function. These effects of LU might have important clinical relevance in the treatment of heart failure.
G-CSF as immune regulator in T cells expressing the G-CSF receptor: implications for transplantation and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Anke Franzke, Wenji Piao, Jörg Lauber, Patricia Gatzlaff, Christian Könecke, Wiebke Hansen, Angela Schmitt-Thomsen, Bernd Hertenstein, Jan Buer, Arnold Ganser
Journal: Blood (2003)
866-6 Age-related left ventricular function alterations in mice: A tissue doppler imaging study
Authors: John G Morgan, Genevieve Derumeaux, Fumito Ichinose, Candace Lee, Rjuyi Hataishi, Kenneth D Bloch, Michael H Picard, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Mutations in the E2-PePHD and NS5A region of hepatitis C virus type 1 and the dynamics of hepatitis C viremia decline during interferon alfa treatment
Authors: Thomas Berg, Andreas Mas Marques, Marina Höhne, Bertram Wiedenmann, Uwe Hopf, Eckart Schreier
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Both a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-phosphorylation homology domain (PePHD) within the E2 protein and a PKR-binding domain within the nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 isolates inhibit the function of the interferon alfa (IFN-alpha)-induced antiviral effector protein PKR in vitro. We investigated whether the mutational pattern of the E2 region (codons 618-681, including PePHD) of 81 HCV genotype 1-infected patients (HCV-1b [n = 54], HCV-1a [n = 27]) influences the response to IFN-alpha. Initial viral decline (DeltaHCV RNA) was determined at week 1 hereby covering the effector reactions of IFN-alpha-mediated first phase and the immune-mediated second phase. DeltaHCV RNA less than 50% (group 1); DeltaHCV RNA greater than 50% but less than 90% (group 2); and DeltaHCV RNA > or =90% (group 3) were differentiated. The PePHD region was highly conserved; the few mutations (5 patients) did not correlate with DeltaHCV RNA or sustained virologic response to IFN-alpha. Within the flanking regions before and after PePHD (codons 618-681) 72 of 81 patients (89%) had 2.6+/-0.17 mutations (median, 3; range, 1-8) that did not correlate with treatment response. Sequence analysis of the NS5A protein (codons 2,209-2,274, including interferon sensitivity determining region [ISDR]) in 39 of 81 patients showed a higher mean number of mutations in the ISDR (codons 2,209-2,248) in groups 2 (1.28+/- 0.43 [n = 18]) and 3 (1.89+/-0.54 [n = 9]) than in group 1 (0.67+/- 0.19 [n = 12]; P =.049 group 1 vs. 3) and a mutant type ISDR (e.g., > or =4 mutations) was significantly more frequent in sustained virologic responders than in nonresponders or relapsers (2 of 4 [50%] vs. 2 of 35 [6%]; P =.045). Thus, NS5A appears to be functionally relevant in IFN-alpha-induced effector reactions.
The action of solvents on the ultrastructural appearance of keratohyalin and the horny layer in guinea-pig back epidermis
Authors: R.I.C. SPEARMAN, J.A. HARDY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article The action of solvents on the ultrastructural appearance of keratohyalin and the horny layer in guinea‐pig back epidermis Get access R.I.C. SPEARMAN, R.I.C. SPEARMAN Department of Dermatology, University College Hospital Medical School, London, W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. HARDY J.A. HARDY Department of Dermatology, University College Hospital Medical School, London, W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 3, 1 September 1973, Pages 265–276, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb02973.x Published: 01 September 1973 Article history Accepted: 08 December 1972 Published: 01 September 1973
P79 SIDE POPULATION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES A ROLE FOR LAMININ IN MODULATING THE HUMAN HEPATIC CANCER STEM CELL NICHE
Authors: O. Govaere, J. Wouters, M. Petz, K. Van den Eynde, A. Van den Broeck, C. Empsen, L. Gremeaux, A. Ceulemans, R. Aerts, F. Nevens, J. Pirenne, L. van Grunsven, B. Topal, H. Vankelecom, W. Mikulits, M. Komuta, T. Roskams
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Evaluation of Health Centre Community Nurse Team
Authors: P. N. Dixon, E. Trounson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

This report gives an account of the work during six months of a community nurse team attached to the doctors working from a new health centre. The team consisted of two community nurses, who had both health visiting and Queen's nursing qualifications, and a State-enrolled nurse. The community nurses, in addition to undertaking all the health visiting for the population at risk, assessed the social and nursing needs of patients at the request of the general practitioners and ensured that these needs were met. When necessary they undertook practical nursing tasks in the home and in the health centre, but most of the bedside nursing in the home was done by the State-enrolled nurse.The needs of the population at risk were such that only one State-enrolled nurse could usefully be employed, and this proved to be a considerable disadvantage. Despite this, the experimental work pattern held advantages to patients, doctors, and nurses, and is potentially capable of providing a satisfying and economic division of responsibilities, with different tasks being carried out by the individual most appropriately qualified.
Aberrant somatic hypermutation in multiple subtypes of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Gianluca Gaidano, Laura Pasqualucci, Daniela Capello, Eva Berra, Clara Deambrogi, Davide Rossi, Luigi Maria Larocca, Annunziata Gloghini, Antonino Carbone, Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: Blood (2003)
Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Giovanni Montini, Kjell Tullus, Ian Hewitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Approximately 7 to 8% of girls and 2% of boys have a UTI during the first 8 years of life. Not all UTIs involve the kidney, but acute pyelonephritis is one of the most common serious bacterial infections in children. This review summarizes diverse views on this topic.
Typhoid Fever in the United States, 1999-2006
Authors: Michael F. Lynch, Elizabeth M. Blanton, Sandra Bulens, Christina Polyak, Jazmin Vojdani, Jennifer Stevenson, Felicia Medalla, Ezra Barzilay, Kevin Joyce, Timothy Barrett, Eric Daniel Mintz
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Typhoid fever in the United States has increasingly been due to infection with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella ser Typhi. National surveillance for typhoid fever can inform prevention and treatment recommendations.To assess trends in infections with antimicrobial-resistant S. Typhi.Cross-sectional, laboratory-based surveillance study.We reviewed data from 1999-2006 for 1902 persons with typhoid fever who had epidemiologic information submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 2016 S. Typhi isolates sent by participating public health laboratories to the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Laboratory at the CDC for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Proportion of S. Typhi isolates demonstrating resistance to 14 antimicrobial agents and patient risk factors for antimicrobial-resistant infections.Patient median age was 22 years (range, <1-90 years); 1295 (73%) were hospitalized and 3 (0.2%) died. Foreign travel within 30 days of illness was reported by 1439 (79%). Only 58 travelers (5%) had received typhoid vaccine. Two hundred seventy-two (13%) of 2016 isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (multidrug-resistant S. Typhi [MDRST]); 758 (38%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (nalidixic acid-resistant S. Typhi [NARST]) and 734 NARST isolates (97%) had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. The proportion of NARST increased from 19% in 1999 to 54% in 2006. Five ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were identified. Patients with resistant infections were more likely to report travel to the Indian subcontinent: 85% of patients infected with MDRST and 94% with NARST traveled to the Indian subcontinent, while 44% of those with susceptible infections did (MDRST odds ratio, 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 4.1-13.8; NARST odds ratio, 20.4; 95% confidence interval, 12.4-33.9).Infection with antimicrobial-resistant S. Typhi strains among US patients with typhoid fever is associated with travel to the Indian subcontinent, and an increasing proportion of these infections are due to S. Typhi strains with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.
Delays in the Suspicion and Treatment of Tuberculosis among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Venkatarama K. Rao
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Despite increased awareness of tuberculosis, delays in management are common. Objective: To investigate management delays among hospitalized patients with tuberculosis. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The Barnes-Jewish-Christian Health System, a network of eight community and tertiary-care facilities serving the St. Louis, Missouri, metropolitan area. Patients: All 203 patients with tuberculosis hospitalized in the Barnes-Jewish-Christian Health System from 1988 to 1996. Measurements: Time from admission to first consideration of the diagnosis (suspicion interval), first consideration and treatment initiation (treatment interval), and admission and treatment initiation (overall management interval) were determined. Delays were defined as intervals longer than 24 hours. Results: The overall management interval (median, 6 days [5th and 95th percentiles, 1 and 52 days]) exceeded 24 hours in 152 patients (74.9% [95% CI, 68.9% to 80.9%]). The suspicion interval (median, 1 day [5th and 95th percentiles, 0 and 16 days]) exceeded 24 hours in 54 patients (26.6% [CI, 20.5% to 32.7%]), and the treatment interval (median, 3 days [5th and 95th percentiles, 0 and 51 days]) was prolonged in 130 patients (64.0% [CI, 57.4% to 70.6%]). Overall management delays of more than 10 and 25 days occurred in 33.5% (CI, 27.0% to 40.0%) and 18.7% (CI, 13.3% to 24.1%) of patients, respectively. The 55 patients with smears that were positive for acid-fast bacilli had a median treatment interval of 3 days (5th and 95th percentiles, 0 and 33 days); in 58.2% of patients (CI, 45.2% to 71.2%), this interval exceeded 24 hours. Conclusions: Delays in initiation of treatment were more common than delays in the initial suspicion of tuberculosis. Both types of delays were common even in patients with disease that was confirmed by a positive smear. These data illustrate a need for improved education of physicians about the benefits of early initiation of therapy for tuberculosis.
IV milrinone for cardiac output increase and maintenance: comparison in nonhyperdynamic SIRS/sepsis and congestive heart failure
Authors: G. Heinz, A. Geppert, G. Delle Karth, P. Reinelt, M. E. Gschwandtner, T. Neunteufl, C. Zauner, M. Frossard, P. Siostrzonek
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1999)
Throwing the baby back into the bathwater
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

What explains the fall in planned home births in developed countries?

As it is with individuals, so it is with companies, governments, and nations. Some thrive; others merely bump along. A few will even spectacularly crash and burn. The possible causes of these divergent life trajectories are endlessly fascinating—and not just to historians, investors, and readers of celebrity magazines.

The fortunes of healthcare practices seem to wax and wane as well. You’d like to think that unfolding scientific evidence was the main explanation for this fluctuation. But even a cursory glance at a topic in the news of late—planned home births—doesn’t support such a simple correspondence. In fact, it hardly supports any correspondence at all.

Since the second world war numbers of planned home births have fallen precipitously in the developed world, mostly to rates of less than 5% of all births. Yet over that time no compelling evidence has emerged that hospital delivery—the main alternative—routinely produces better outcomes in uncomplicated pregnancies. That has not stopped the issue becoming highly contentious, with official bodies lining up on opposite sides of the argument. For example, the United Kingdom’s Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Royal College …
Genome-wide association study of blood pressure and hypertension
Authors: Daniel Levy, Georg B Ehret, Kenneth Rice, Germaine C Verwoert, Lenore J Launer, Abbas Dehghan, Nicole L Glazer, Alanna C Morrison, Andrew D Johnson, Thor Aspelund, Yurii Aulchenko, Thomas Lumley, Anna Köttgen, Ramachandran S Vasan, Fernando Rivadeneira, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Xiuqing Guo, Dan E Arking, Gary F Mitchell, Francesco U S Mattace-Raso, Albert V Smith, Kent Taylor, Robert B Scharpf, Shih-Jen Hwang, Eric J G Sijbrands, Joshua Bis, Tamara B Harris, Santhi K Ganesh, Christopher J O'Donnell, Albert Hofman, Jerome I Rotter, Josef Coresh, Emelia J Benjamin, André G Uitterlinden, Gerardo Heiss, Caroline S Fox, Jacqueline C M Witteman, Eric Boerwinkle, Thomas J Wang, Vilmundur Gudnason, Martin G Larson, Aravinda Chakravarti, Bruce M Psaty, Cornelia M van Duijn
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Unusual Features of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor on PET/CT and CT Imaging
Authors: Chun-Sing Wong, Yiu-Ching Tiffany Chu, Pek-Lan Khong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It can be benign or malignant in behavior. Stomach, being the most common site (70%) for GISTs, is followed by the small intestine (20%). Anorectal, colonic, and esophageal GISTs are uncommon, whereas extraintestinal GISTs are extremely rare. The presenting symptoms are highly dependent on tumor size and location, although a large number of GISTs are asymptomatic. The purpose of this article is to highlight the unusual characteristics of GISTs illustrated by PET/CT and CT imaging. These characteristics are organized into (1) unusual tumor location, (2) unusual clinical presentation, and (3) unusual sites of metastasis. Knowing the uncommon features of GISTs is important, as they are more often seen nowadays with the increasingly important role of PET/CT and CT in GIST management; and these tumors are associated with a poorer prognosis and unwanted delay in diagnosis is avoidable. With the availability of effective treatment by imatinib mesylate, a prompt and early diagnosis is essential for disease control. All GISTs illustrated in this article are pathologically proven.
Phage Libraries — A New Route to Clinically Useful Antibodies
Authors: Cara Marks, James D. Marks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Antibodies can bind with high affinity and specificity to molecules of virtually any shape and to antigens ranging from small organic compounds to large proteins. These characteristics have led to the widespread use of antibodies as laboratory reagents, in diagnostic tests, and for therapeutic purposes. The immune system produces antibodies by a process of natural selection. In this article we describe how the strategy of natural selection can be used in bacteria to produce antibodies with novel characteristics and binding properties. This technology is opening up new diagnostic and therapeutic applications of antibodies.Antibody Production in VivoIn vivo, antigen-driven . . .
Internet-Based Education for Health Professionals
Authors: Geoff Wong
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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