tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Human CD34+ Stem Cell–conditioned Medium for Tissue Repair
Authors: Paul J Mintz, Kai-Wen Huang, Vikash Reebye, Georgios Nteliopoulos, Hong-Shiee Lai, Pal Sætrom, Noriyuki Kasahara, Steen Jensen, Madhava Pai, Myrtle YA Gordon, Stephen B Marley, Rosemary Behan, Duncan R Spalding, Abdelali Haoudi, Mohamed M Emara, Joanna Nicholls, John J Rossi, Nagy A Habib
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Despite the progress in our understanding of genes essential for stem cell regulation and development, little is known about the factors secreted by stem cells and their effect on tissue regeneration. In particular, the factors secreted by human CD34+ cells remain to be elucidated. We have approached this challenge by performing a cytokine/growth factor microarray analysis of secreted soluble factors in medium conditioned by adherent human CD34+ cells. Thirty-two abundantly secreted factors have been identified, all of which are associated with cell proliferation, survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. The cultured CD34+ cells expressed known stem cell genes such as Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, c-kit, and HoxB4. The conditioned medium containing the secreted factors prevented cell death in liver cells exposed to liver toxin in vitro via inhibition of the caspase-3 signaling pathway. More importantly, in vivo studies using animal models of liver damage demonstrated that injection of the conditioned medium could repair damaged liver tissue (significant reduction in the necroinflammatory activity), as well as enable the animals to survive. Thus, we demonstrate that medium conditioned by human CD34+ cells has the potential for therapeutic repair of damaged tissue in vivo. Despite the progress in our understanding of genes essential for stem cell regulation and development, little is known about the factors secreted by stem cells and their effect on tissue regeneration. In particular, the factors secreted by human CD34+ cells remain to be elucidated. We have approached this challenge by performing a cytokine/growth factor microarray analysis of secreted soluble factors in medium conditioned by adherent human CD34+ cells. Thirty-two abundantly secreted factors have been identified, all of which are associated with cell proliferation, survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. The cultured CD34+ cells expressed known stem cell genes such as Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, c-kit, and HoxB4. The conditioned medium containing the secreted factors prevented cell death in liver cells exposed to liver toxin in vitro via inhibition of the caspase-3 signaling pathway. More importantly, in vivo studies using animal models of liver damage demonstrated that injection of the conditioned medium could repair damaged liver tissue (significant reduction in the necroinflammatory activity), as well as enable the animals to survive. Thus, we demonstrate that medium conditioned by human CD34+ cells has the potential for therapeutic repair of damaged tissue in vivo.
Data are not now collected by ethnic group in South Africa
Authors: A. R P Walker
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Data are not now collected by ethnic group in South AfricaEditor-Claire Hilton notes that since April 1995 British hospitals have had to collect data on each patient's ethnic group. 1 In the United States this is standard practice.In the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report data on numerous variables relating to the health and ill health of black and white people are regularly given 2 -as also, on occasion, are data on Hispanics, American Indians, Inuits, and Pacific Islanders.In South Africa precisely the converse has occurred.Ethnic subdivisions have stopped appearing in reports from the Central Statistics Services, and thus mortalities are no longer given for the constituent populations (black, Asian, coloured (Eur-African-Malay), and white), only for the combined population.Additionally, in our big cities annual reports from public health departments provide only combined data on morbidity and mortality.Disadvantages are many.Recently, colleagues and I reviewed changes in the total death rate and the death rate from coronary heart disease in South African populations. 3 We found that, from 1978 to 1989, mortality from coronary heart disease fell by 56% in the white population and by 36% in each of the Indian and coloured populations.Because changes in mortality from this foremost "killer" are continuing we intended to update our information.But this is now precluded.Currently, desegregation does not apply to our national cancer registry.But if it did how, for example, could benefits from Papanicolaou smear tests be assessed?The incidences of cervical cancer in the black and coloured populations are among the highest in the world.The constituent populations of South Africa have a wider divergence in the occurrence of a variety of diseases than occurs in any other country: coronary heart disease, appendicitis, colon cancer, and hip fractures.Interethnic differences in the occurrence of disease, reactivity, and metabolism are well known elsewhere. 4 In South Africa the change to using combined data will make it harder to identify and quantify the target populations who are in most need of help, as well as severely stultifying research on the occurrence of disease and on combating it.Hilton is right, of course, that the level of treatment is affected by ethnic group.Recently, in the United States the effect of race and income on mortality and the use of services among beneficiaries of Medicare was investigated; both race and income were shown as having substantial prejudicial effects, that of race being much more pronounced than that of income. 5This is a matter of universal shame.
59. rAAV-Mediated Nigral Parkin Over-Expression Is Neuroprotective in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fredric P. Manfredsson, Alfred S. Lewin, Nicholas Muzyczka, Corinna Burger, Ronald J. Mandel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neuro-degenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Although the underlying cause of the idiopathic form of the disease has yet to be found, several genes have been found that cause familial forms of PD. One such gene is parkin which has been identified as an ubiquitin E3 ligase which is involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of certain proteins. Mutations in this gene leads to an early onset form of PD called Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinsonism (ARJP). Given the role of parkin in protein clearance, and the presence of Lewy Bodies in the disease, it is possible that protein aggregation is a neurotoxic event in idiopathic PD, and as such, over-expression of parkin may be neuroprotective in animal models of PD by enhancing the degradation of damaged or misfolded proteins. This was tested by doing intranigral injections of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing either a human form of parkin or green fluorescent protein (GFP) as control for viral transduction. 4 weeks following the viral injections all animals received a 4 site intrastriatal injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) resulting in a near complete depletion of striatal and nigral dopamine. Behavioral evaluation following the lesion indicates that parkin confers partial protection of the nigrostriatal tract. Amphetaine-induced rotational behavior was significantly reduced in the treatment group (|[minus]|67% as compared to controls). Testing for spontaneous limb-use in the cylinder testing paradigm also showed a slight, but significant improvement, where parkin treated animals used their affected limb approximately 20% of the time versus 10% for the control group. These data indicate that specific nigral over-expression of human parkin is partially neuroprotective at the functional level against a strong toxic stimulus, intrastriatal 6-OHDA. Additionally, the data suggest that enhanced ubiquitin-mediated clearance of damaged proteins is protective against a non-specific insult in nigrostriatal dopamine neurons.
Association of Human Development Index with rates and outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Sebastian Giebel, Myriam Labopin, Gerhard Ehninger, Dietrich Beelen, Didier Blaise, Arnold Ganser, Andrea Bacigalupo, Tomasz Czerw, Jerzy Holowiecki, Evandro M. Fagundes, Elzbieta Nowara, Francesco Frassoni, Vanderson Rocha
Journal: Blood (2010)
Abstract 4943: microRNAs as clinical biomarkers for lung cancer classification
Authors: Tina Edmonston, Michal Kushnir, Gila Lithwick Yanai, Hila Benjamin, Marluce Bibbo, Craig Thurm, Laurie Horowitz, Yajue Huang, Meora Feinmesser, Iris Barshack, Shlomit Gilad, Ayelet Chajut
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Lung cancers have traditionally been subdivided into two main groups: Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Due to limited tumor sample amounts and an abundance of poor quality samples, accurate subclassification of primary lung cancer using small pre-operative biopsies presents a diagnostic challenge using current tools (H&amp;E and immunohistochemical stains). For patients with primary lung cancer, accurate determination of the tumor type significantly influences treatment decisions. Our previous studies have shown that microRNAs are differentially expressed in different subtypes of lung cancer; hence microRNA expression profiling holds a promising new strategy for the precise subclassification of lung cancers. Based on these findings, we present here the development of a microRNA-based qRT-PCR diagnostic assay that uses pathology and cytology samples in order to classify primary lung cancers into four subtypes: squamous, non-squamous, SCLC and carcinoid. Methods: FFPE tissue blocks and cell blocks from different histological subtypes of lung cancer, taken from primary lung cancer resection or pre-operative diagnostic procedures, were collected. High-quality RNA, including the well-preserved microRNA fraction, was extracted from the samples using proprietary protocols. Expression levels of potential microRNA biomarkers were profiled using a sensitive and specific qRT-PCR platform. Results: We find that combinations of a few microRNAs can successfully differentiate between different histological types of lung tumors. A classification algorithm was developed that reached high accuracy in the identification of the four main subtypes of lung tumors. Conclusion: We developed a highly accurate microRNA-based diagnostic assay that classifies primary lung cancer types with very high sensitivity and specificity. This assay is a simple and reliable diagnostic assay which will offer an accurate and standardized tool for primary lung cancer cytological samples, including those that presently fail pathological evaluation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4943. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4943
Increased Fine Particle Deposition in Women with Asymptomatic Nonspecific Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: MARTIN KOHLHÄUFL, PETER BRAND, GERHARD SCHEUCH, THOMAS S. MEYER, HOLGER SCHULZ, KARL HÄUSSINGER, JOACHIM HEYDER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Previous studies suggest that lung function tests using monodisperse aerosols can help to identify early stages of lung diseases. We investigated intrapulmonary particle loss and aerosol bolus dispersion-a marker of convective gas transport-in 32 women with asymptomatic nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) compared with 60 women without BHR. Deposition of inhaled particles (0.9 micrometer mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD]) was calculated from particle losses of inhaled aerosol boluses consisting of di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate droplets. Convective gas mixing was assessed by the aerosol bolus dispersion method. Women with BHR, nonsmokers as well as smokers, showed significantly increased deposition of aerosol particles (nonsmokers: 45.6 +/- 8.8%; smokers: 49.2 +/- 5.4%; mean +/- SD) compared with the control group of female nonsmokers without BHR (38.2 +/- 9.1%; mean +/- SD) (p < 0.01). Aerosol bolus dispersion values showed a trend for higher values in subjects with BHR (nonsmokers: 572 +/- 122 cm3; smokers: 587 +/- 85 cm3) compared with the control group (542 +/- 88 cm3) (p = 0.2). Also, the maximal expiratory flow at 25% vital capacity (MEF25) showed a trend for decreased values in nonsmokers with BHR compared with nonsmokers without BHR (64 +/- 16% of predicted versus 78 +/- 24% of predicted; p = 0.03). These results suggest that deposition of inhaled particles (0.9 micrometer MMAD) administered by the aerosol bolus technique is a sensitive index of peripheral lung injury that is usually not assessable by conventional methods.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE TREATMENT OF RECTAL CANCER
Authors: GEORGE E. BINKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The treatment of rectal cancer is a perplexing but interesting problem, on account of the numerous variable factors associated with this disease at the time a definite diagnosis is determined. Results will depend largely on the extent of the disease, the selection of cases and the type of treatment employed. The manner in which cancer begins within the rectum is largely unknown. The consensus, however, is that it arises as a more or less circumscribed area in the rectal mucosa, where the glands undergo hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Dukes suggests that the origin of rectal cancer is closely associated with the simple adenomatous tumors. Regardless of the lack of knowledge of the earlier stages, it is known that the alveoli of the primary focus soon break through the tunica propria into the submucosa, where they gradually invade the lymphatics and muscular coats. The cell proliferation produces tumors which vary in the
Cardiology: Fundamentals and Practice
Authors: Borys Surawicz
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In response to the criticism aimed at the massive weight of the first edition, the editors have split the 2219 pages of the second edition of the "Mayo Clinic textbook" into two volumes, which are still only slightly less bulky than some of the single-volume cardiology texts on the market. The edition is handsome, with excellent though sometimes diminutive figures, but the small print is near the limits of comfortable reading and is somewhat of an eyestrain when it comes to tables and legends. For a textbook, this is not a major drawback. Common to all multiauthor texts is a gap of two to three years separating the publication date from the dates of the most recent references. The time lag and constraints of space make it impossible for any textbook to provide as much detailed, up-to-date information on a particular subject as a recent comprehensive review article or a
Guidelines for cervical screening await scientific evaluation
Authors: J F Nottingham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR —In a news item about cervical screening in England1 Wise refers to a report by the National Audit Office.1The office is particularly critical of serious failings in the interpretation of cervical smears in a small number of laboratories. The laboratory at the Hospital of St Cross in Rugby is included among these laboratories. In fact, a massive rescreening exercise at …
Altered alveolar surfactant is an early marker of acute lung injury in septic adult sheep.
Authors: J F Lewis, R Veldhuizen, F Possmayer, W Sibbald, J Whitsett, R Qanbar, L McCaig
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in the endogenous surfactant system in adult sheep rendered septic via cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Forty-eight hours after CLP, septic animals had significant increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) (p < 0.01), cardiac index (CI) (p < 0.01), and arterial lactate (p < 0.05) values compared with their respective baseline values, while the same measurements in a sham-operated control group did not change significantly. The changes in the septic group were associated with significantly lower PaO2 (p < 0.05) and alveolar to arterial (A-a) oxygen gradient values (p < 0.01) at 48 h compared with baseline measurements. No changes in oxygenation occurred within the sham-operated group. Surfactant phospholipid (PL) composition and surface activity measurements of isolated alveolar surfactant aggregate forms were similar for the two groups at 48 h. However, the ratio of poorly functioning small aggregate forms (SA) to superior functioning large aggregates (LA) was significantly increased in the septic versus the sham-operated animals (p < 0.01). This was associated with significantly decreased surfactant protein A (SP-A), B (SP-B), and C (SP-C) levels in septic versus sham-operated animals (p < 0.05). We conclude that sepsis-associated lung injury resulted in altered alveolar surfactant aggregate forms. These changes, together with altered surfactant protein levels, may represent a very sensitive marker of acute lung injury in high-risk patients. Furthermore, these findings suggest that exogenous surfactant given at an early stage of lung injury may mitigate progressive lung dysfunction.
IMAGING STUDIES WITH TC-99M LABELED TUMOR SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO A TRANSPLANTABLE MURINE TUMOR
Authors: Daphne J.Y. Mew, L. N. Alcorn, J. G. Levy, D. M. Lyster, R.T. Morrison
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Mew, Daphne J.Y.; Alcorn, L. N.; Levy, J. G.; Lyster, D. M.; Morrison, R.T. Author Information
Appropriate time for selective biliary cannulation by trainees during ERCP – a randomized trial
Authors: Yanglin Pan, Lina Zhao, Joseph Leung, Rongchun Zhang, Hui Luo, Xiangping Wang, Zhiguo Liu, Bingnian Wan, Qin Tao, Shaowei Yao, Na Hui, Daiming Fan, Kaichun Wu, Xuegang Guo
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> The allocation of sufficient time for trainees to attempt cannulation is necessary for learning and to ensure success with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) training. However, it is important to balance the benefit to trainee practice against the potential risks to patients. The appropriate time for attempted cannulation by trainees remains unclear. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Three different time limits (5, 10, 15 minutes) were set for cannulation attempts made by four trainees in patients with native papilla undergoing ERCP. Patients were randomly assigned to the 5-, 10-, or 15-minute groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. Rectal indomethacin was used in high-risk patients. The primary outcome was successful cannulation within the allocated time. Secondary outcomes included performance scores, overall success rate, and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). <b>Results:</b> A total of 256 patients were randomly assigned to the 5-minute (n = 84), 10-minute (n = 86), or 15-minute (n = 86) groups. Patients' baseline characteristics were comparable. Success rates for selective bile duct cannulation by trainees were 43.8 %, 75.0 %, and 71.8 % in the 5-, 10-, and 15-minute groups, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Trainees' self-reported performance scores and video assessment by an independent reviewer were comparable between the 10- and 15-minute groups, which were higher than the 5-minute group (both <i>P </i> < 0.001). Trainers took over the cannulation procedure when trainees did not succeed within the allocated time. There was no significant difference in the overall success rates in cannulation between the three groups. No differences were noted in the use of rectal indomethacin and overall complication rates. Four patients in each group developed PEP (<i>P</i> = 0.996). <b>Conclusion:</b> A time of 10 minutes was considered to be appropriate for trainees to attempt cannulation, with acceptable cannulation success rates and complications. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number (NCT01851226).
Performance and awareness in the Iowa Gambling Task
Authors: Helen Steingroever, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Newell & Shanks (N&S) conclude that healthy participants learn to differentiate between the good and bad decks of the Iowa Gambling Task, and that healthy participants even have conscious knowledge about the task's payoff structure. Improved methods of analysis and new behavioral findings suggest that this conclusion is premature.
Inhibitory effect of various cytostatics and cycloheximide on acute experimental pancreatitis in rats.
Authors: L Korbova, J Kohout, F Malis, V Balas, J Cizkova, J Marek, A Cihak
Journal: Gut (1977)

Cycloheximide, 5-azacytidine, and 4-methoxybenzoyl-beta-bromoarylate (Cytembena) block the development of experimental acute pancreatitis in rats when mediated by the administration of 5% bile solution into the pancreas in vivo. Six hours after drug treatment the pathological changes, evaluated macroscopically or using histological sections of the pancreas, were significantly decreased. The drugs affected the amount of abdominal fluid and lowered its lipase and amylase activity. The known inhibitory mechanism of the active drugs and the possible advantage of cycloheximide for clinical use are briefly mentioned.
Characterization of a human hematopoietic progenitor cell capable of forming blast cell containing colonies in vitro.
Authors: J Brandt, N Baird, L Lu, E Srour, R Hoffman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

A hematopoietic cell (CFU-B1) capable of producing blast cell containing colonies in vitro was detected using a semisolid culture system. The CFU-B1 has the capacity for self-renewal and commitment to a number of hematopoietic lineages. Monoclonal antibody to the human progenitor cell antigen-1 (HPCA-1) and a monoclonal antibody against the major histocompatibility class II antigen (HLA-DR) were used with fluorescence activated cell sorting to phenotype the CFU-B1. The CFU-B1 was found to express My10 but not HLA-DR antigen; experiments using complement-dependent cytotoxicity to eliminate DR positive cells confirmed this finding. Pretreatment of marrow cells with two chemotherapeutic agents, 5-fluorouracil and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide facilitated detection of CFU-B1 derived colonies, while diminishing or totally inhibiting colony formation by other hematopoietic progenitor cells. CFU-B1-derived colony formation was dependent upon the addition of exogenous hematopoietic growth factors. Media conditioned either by the human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 or lectin stimulated leukocytes, as well as recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, interleukin 3 or interleukin 1 alpha promoted blast cell colony formation. By contrast, neither recombinant erythropoietin, recombinant interleukin 4, purified macrophage colony stimulating factor or recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alone promoted blast cell colony formation.