tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcome after Language Mapping for Glioma Resection
Authors: Nader Sanai, Zaman Mirzadeh, Mitchel S. Berger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Language sites in the cortex of the brain vary among patients. Language mapping while the patient is awake is an intraoperative technique designed to minimize language deficits associated with brain-tumor resection.To study language function after brain-tumor resection with language mapping, we examined 250 consecutive patients with gliomas. Positive language sites (i.e., language regions in the cortex of the brain, 1 cm by 1 cm, which were temporarily inactivated by means of a bipolar electrode) were identified and categorized into cortical language maps. The tumors were resected up to 1 cm from the cortical areas where intraoperative stimulation produced a disturbance in language. Our resection strategy did not require identification of the stimulation-induced language sites within the field of exposure.A total of 145 of the 250 patients (58.0%) had at least one site with an intraoperative stimulation-induced speech arrest, 82 patients had anomia, and 23 patients had alexia. Overall, 3094 of 3281 cortical sites (94.3%) were not associated with stimulation-induced language deficits. A total of 159 patients (63.6%) had intact speech preoperatively. One week after surgery, baseline language function remained in 194 patients (77.6%), it worsened in 21 patients (8.4%), and 35 patients (14.0%) had new speech deficits. However, 6 months after surgery, only 4 of 243 surviving patients (1.6%) had a persistent language deficit. Cortical maps generated with intraoperative language data also showed surprising variability in language localization within the dominant hemisphere.Craniotomies tailored to limit cortical exposure, even without localization of positive language sites, permit most gliomas to be aggressively resected without language deficits. The composite language maps generated in our study suggest that our current models of human language organization insufficiently account for observed language function.
DNA Repair and Survival in Lung Cancer — The Two Faces of Janus
Authors: Adi F. Gazdar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer deaths globally, results in about 1 million deaths each year. Despite advances in treatment over the past two decades, the improvement in long-term survival has been limited: only about 15% of patients survive for 5 years or longer. The high mortality is due mainly to early and widespread dissemination of the cancer, which means that surgical removal of early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer results in the best chance for long-term survival. Chemotherapy for advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (which accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers) or as adjuvant treatment for patients with . . .
The Changing Demographics of Congenital Heart Disease Hospitalizations in the United States, 1998 Through 2010
Authors: Jared M. O’Leary, Omar K. Siddiqi, Sarah de Ferranti, Michael J. Landzberg, Alexander R. Opotowsky
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Congenital heart disease incidence has remained stable,1 but longevity has improved. There are more than 787 000 adults with congenital heart disease in the United States.2 Adults with congenital heart disease remain at risk for frequent hospitalizations.
Clinical Application of 201TI Scintigraphy in Patients With Cold Thyroid Nodules
Authors: NORIHISA TONAMI, HISASHI BUNKO, TAKATOSHI MICHIGISHI, AKIRA KUWAJIMA, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

201TI-chloride scintigraphy was performed in 45 patients with cold thyroid nodules. The 201TI scintigram was positive in 17 of 18 thyroid patients with cancer (94.4%), 8 of 20 patients with an ademoma (40.0%), 1 of 2 adenomatous goiter patients (50.0%), and all of 5 cases of chronic thyroiditis (100.0%). When the cold nodule was demonstrated to be positive with 201TI, the statistical chance of the lesion being a cellular one was 100.0% and a risk of its malignancy was 54.8%. On the other hand, the nodule with negative 201TI concentration had a 14.3% chance of cellularity and a 7.1% risk of malignancy. Thus, 201TI scintigraphy is of use in the differential diagnosis of the cold thyroid nodule.
Dose-Dependent Anti-inflammatory Effect of Inhaled Mometasone Furoate/Formoterol in Subjects With Asthma and High Baseline Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Sputum Eosinophils
Authors: S. Spector, V. Backer, I. Pavord, T. Shekar, D. Gates, H. Nolte
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Patterns of Use and Comparative Effectiveness of Bleeding Avoidance Strategies in Men and Women Following Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Stacie L. Daugherty, Lauren E. Thompson, Sunghee Kim, Sunil V. Rao, Sumeet Subherwal, Thomas T. Tsai, John C. Messenger, Frederick A. Masoudi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Swenson's Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Robert J. Touloukian
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The fourth edition of<i>Swenson's Pediatric Surgery</i>, edited by John G. Raffensperger, is a refreshing new book covering the basic subjects of general pediatric surgery from a new perspective. Raffensperger states: "The pediatric surgeon must be more than a skilled and delicate technician," and sets out "[to] emphasize a problem oriented approach which attempts to reflect the actual presentation of a pediatric patient." These introductory statements summarize the editor's intent, which is successfully carried out throughout the 950 pages. The first three sections are devoted to assessment and general considerations, common pediatric surgical problems, and trauma, while the remaining 13 sections deal with more specific subjects, including tumors, the important congenital malformations, and acquired surgically treatable conditions of infancy and childhood. The editor prepares the reader for what is about to come by highlighting "dangerous pitfalls" and even sharing some of his own doubts about the correct course of action.
Estimating the Incidence of Symptomatic Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: John A. Heit
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctors give guarded response to pound100m for GP services
Authors: M. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors' leaders have given a guarded response to the launch of a £100m ($150m) fund designed to improve GP services. The fund, announced this week in a speech to the Royal College of General Practitioners by the prime minister, Tony Blair, amounts to around £10000 per practice.

Of this, £5000 will be offered immediately to help to provide extra clinics, extend opening hours, train GP specialists, and offer better heart and cancer services. The rest will be paid as a …
Caveat emptor tops the eye chart for radial keratotomy candidates
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Since its introduction into this country (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1981;245:897-900), radial keratotomy— the ocular surgical procedure that aims to correct myopia by means of 4, 6, 8, or 16 symmetric corneal cuts—has been performed on nearly 150,000 Americans eager to shed their spectacles and contact lenses. According to many speakers at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology in San Francisco, radial keratotomy is an elective operation that people often choose because they see it widely advertised. Results of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study presented at last year's academy meeting (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1985; 253:1103-1104)—and now amended after two years of the National Eye Institute-sponsored investigation (<i>Ophthalmology</i>; in press)—show that, while there are many reported successes, there also are numerous patients who have not been helped. Now, for the first time, there are confirmed reports that some patients have been harmed. Denis M. O'Day, MD,
Electrophysiologic Effects of Isoproterenol and Beta Blocking Agents in Awake Dogs
Authors: Andrew G. Wallace, William G. Troyer, M. Alan Lesage, Enzo F. Zotti
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

In awake, unrestrained animals beta adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol increased heart rate and enhanced A-V conduction with no change of conduction in Purkinje tissue or ventricular activation time. The chronotropic and dromotropic responses to isoproterenol were abolished completely by the adrenergic antagonists, propranolol (0.2 mg/ kg) and pronethalol (2 mg/kg). Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol produced no significant change of heart rate, A-V conduction, conduction velocity in Purkinje tissue, or ventricular activation time. In contrast to the above, pronethalol produced tachycardia, enhanced A-V conduction and prolonged ventricular activation slightly. The tachycardia which followed pronethalol was largely a consequence of vagal inhibition since it could be nearly abolished by prior administration of atropine. Propranolol produced no changes in the refractory period or excitability of atrial muscle. Pronethalol did not alter the excitability of atrial muscle but did prolong the atrial refractory period. Barbiturate anesthesia was found to prolong ventricular activation time, and in anesthetized animals both propranolol and pronethalol caused further depression of conduction. These data support the view that cardiac adrenergic activity has little or no influence on conduction in the ventricle, and suggest that the intensity of sympathetic activity in awake, unrestrained dogs is minimal. The differences in the responses of unanesthetized animals to propranolol and to pronethalol indicate that the latter agent has significant anticholinergic properties as well as certain extra-adrenergic actions on conduction. Failure of blocking doses of both the above agents to alter diastolic thresholds indicates that their anti-arrhythmic properties are not related to an effect on excitability. Beta adrenergic blocking agents appear to exert qualitatively as well as quantitatively different effects in awake and anesthetized preparations, an observation which should be taken into consideration when evaluating the pharmacologic properties of these compounds.
467. Lentiviral Vector (LV) Non-Coding Elements That Impart High Titers and Expression to β-Globin (hβ) Cassettes
Authors: F. Urbinati, P. Xia, A. Perumbeti, M. Xia, A. Corsinotti, A. Zarzuela, N. Perelman, P. Malik
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Thalassemias are the most common monogenic defects that result from absent/reduced hβ in RBC. However, the complexities of the hβ gene and its regulatory elements have been significant obstacles for optimization of gene therapy approaches using γ-oncoretroviral vectors. Recently, LV have been shown to stably transfer and express hβ at high levels. The goal of our study was to identify non-coding elements in LV required for this effect. A series of LV carrying different elements from the gag and env fragments were made.
Tracheobronchial Aspiration Observed During Ventilation Perfusion Lung Scanning
Authors: ROBERT WASSERSTROM, MARK TULCHINSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 49-year-old man with a history of athetoid cerebral palsy, cervical spondylosis, and swallowing dysfunction underwent an anterior decompressive cordectomy and spinal fusion of C4 through C6. Approximately 1 month following surgery, the patient experienced acute shortness of breath and ventilation-perfusion lung imaging was performed to rule out pulmonary embolus. The Tc-99m DTPA aerosol ventilation scan demonstrated tracheobronchial aspiration and correlated well with the patient's subsequent development of aspiration pneumonia and the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Double-Stranded RNA–Dependent Protein Kinase Deficiency Protects the Heart From Systolic Overload-Induced Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Huan Wang, Xin Xu, John Fassett, Dongmin Kwak, Xiaoyu Liu, Xinli Hu, Therasa J. Falls, John C. Bell, Hongliang Li, Peter Bitterman, Robert J. Bache, Yingjie Chen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase that inhibits mRNA translation under stress conditions. PKR also mediates inflammatory and apoptotic signaling independently of translational regulation. Congestive heart failure is associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and apoptosis, but the role of PKR in left ventricular hypertrophy and the development of congestive heart failure has not been examined.We observed increased myocardial PKR expression and translocation of PKR into the nucleus in humans and mice with congestive heart failure. To determine the impact of PKR on the development of congestive heart failure, PKR knockout and wild-type mice were exposed to pressure overload produced by transverse aortic constriction. Although heart size increased similarly in wild-type and PKR knockout mice after transverse aortic constriction, PKR knockout mice exhibited very little pulmonary congestion, well-preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and contractility, and significantly less myocardial fibrosis compared with wild-type mice. Bone marrow-derived cells from wild-type mice did not abolish the cardiac protective effect observed in PKR knockout mice, whereas bone marrow-derived cells from PKR knockout mice had no cardiac protective effect in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, PKR knockout attenuated transverse aortic constriction-induced tumor necrosis factor-α expression and leukocyte infiltration and lowered cardiac expression of proapoptotic factors (Bax and caspase-3), so that PKR knockout hearts were more resistant to transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. PKR depletion in isolated cardiomyocytes also conferred protection against tumor necrosis factor-α- or lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis.PKR is a maladaptive factor upregulated in hemodynamic overload that contributes to myocardial inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the development of congestive heart failure.
Admission to child health surveillance lists: the views of FHSA general managers and general practitioners.
Authors: A Evans, N Maskrey, P Nolan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVES--To find out the sources of advice that were helpful to managers of family health services authorities in drawing up the criteria for admission of general practitioners to the child health surveillance lists; to determine the criteria used for admission of general practitioners to the family health services authorities9 child health surveillance lists; to find out the changes general practitioners have made in child health surveillance in their practices; to determine the experiences of general practitioners relating to admission to the child health surveillance lists and to training in child health surveillance. DESIGN--Survey by postal questionnaire. SUBJECTS--General managers of all family health services authorities in England and Wales; all general practitioners in Yorkshire and Humberside. RESULTS--Managers of 80 of 93 family health services authorities replied (86%). A total of 62 (78%) found local community paediatricians helpful in compiling criteria for admission to child health surveillance lists, and 46 (57%) found national guidelines helpful. Fifty seven (71%) accepted general practitioners who had completed an approved course, and 45 (56%) accepted those with three or more years9 experience of child health surveillance. Of the 1966 questionnaires sent to general practitioners, 1233 were satisfactorily completed (63%). Of the 919 respondents who had applied to be put on child health surveillance lists, 673 (73%) had been permanently accepted; of these, 441 (65%) had done an approved course and 375 (56%) had had three or more years9 experience of child health surveillance. Of the 145 (16%) not accepted, 57 (39%) had done an approved course and 71 (49%) had three or more years9 experience. Respondents reported variable quality and availability of courses in child health. CONCLUSIONS--Acceptance of general practitioners on to child surveillance lists has not been carried out consistently despite national guidelines setting out criteria for acceptance.
Avoid surgery as first line treatment for non-specific low back pain
Authors: W. C. Peul, A. L. Bredenoord, W. C. H. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (2014)

#### Key points

Low back pain (LBP) ranks as the number one disorder in terms of years lived with disability; estimated global one year incidences range from 22% to 65%.1 Back pain as a symptom, not attributable to spinal instability caused by trauma, infection, progressive deformity, or tumour, and not associated with radicular symptoms, is labelled non-specific LBP (see box). Many of patients with non-specific LBP may have degenerative intervertebral disc and bony joint changes, including disc herniations and spinal stenosis on imaging, but these findings are not more common than in the general population, including people without LBP.2 Guidelines discourage surgery for non-specific back pain3; some recommend surgery only after two years of failed conservative treatments in carefully selected patients.4 However, despite these recommendations, the rate of back surgery is rising, with considerable geographical variation.5 The rates of spinal fusion, including use of surgical implants, for all degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine show an unexplained exponential increase,6 7 with a corresponding rise in serious perioperative complications, including stroke and cardiopulmonary events.7 These rises are unexpected, as the incidence of spinal diseases causing instability of vertebral elements has not risen, and nor has the incidence of surgery for herniated discs and stenosis. …
NHS trusts are failing to meet equality agenda, says commission
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Many NHS trusts will struggle to comply with the tougher equality and human rights agenda according to a senior manager in the Healthcare Commission.

Marcia Fry, head of operational development at the commission, said that trusts’ performance on equality and diversity was “like pulling teeth.”

She was speaking at the Equality and Human Rights Forum, which was organised by Race for Health and the Healthcare Commission in London last week (11 February). 

The new rights will be embodied in forthcoming equality legislation, outlined in the Queen’s speech in December 2008, and the imminent NHS Reform Bill, which has just had its second reading. These will be monitored by the joint …
Ontogeny of Na/H antiporter activity in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles.
Authors: J C Beck, M S Lipkowitz, R G Abramson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The development of the Na/H antiporter was studied in renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from fetal and adult rabbits using isotopic and fluorescent techniques. The kinetics of the antiporter studied by 22Na+ uptake revealed that the Vmax was only 25% of that in the adult; however, the Km's for Na+ were not significantly different. These data were confirmed by a fluorescent assay using the pH-sensitive probe, acridine orange: the Vmax was significantly lower in the fetal BBMV. Conductive Na+ movement was estimated from amiloride-insensitive 22Na+ uptake and the rate of alkalinization induced by K+, an ion whose relative conductance was found to be similar to that of Na+. Although relative Na+ conductance was significantly greater in fetal BBMV, the lower Vmax in fetal vesicles could not be ascribed to this factor. Maternal administration of betamethasone (50 micrograms/kg intramuscularly) for 2 d before delivery significantly increased the Vmax of the antiporter to levels observed in the adult; Km was unaffected. Na/K ATPase activity increased fourfold after betamethasone, but the specific activities of four brush border marker enzymes and the kinetics of Na(+)-glucose cotransport were unchanged. These data indicate that there is a developmental increase in brush border Na/H exchange which is the result of an increase in the number and/or the turnover number of the carriers. Further, these data suggest that the postnatal increase in antiporter activity may be related to the surge in glucocorticoid concentration that occurs perinatally.
Vitamin D and Hypercalcemia
Authors: Joel M. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is generally agreed that individuals at high risk for developing osteoporosis should ingest adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D. Maintenance doses of approximately 400 units of vitamin D<sub>3</sub>and 1 to 2 g of calcium are recommended in patients whose diet is inadequate in calcium. Unfortunately, it is not commonly realized that the physiological dose of vitamin D (approximately 400 units daily) is not generally available in the United States except in combination with other vitamins or with calcium. Therefore, if "vitamin D" is ordered, pharmacologic doses (25,000 to 50,000 units) may be dispensed, resulting in severe hypercalcemia. We have recently seen several cases of improper dosing with vitamin D. <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3> An 81-year-old normocalcemic woman was admitted for rehabilitation of a broken femur. Before admission she was taking a preparation containing 125 units of vitamin D and 500 mg of calcium carbonate