tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early exposure to bio-contaminants and asthma up to 10 years of age: results of the HITEA study
Authors: Christina Tischer, Lidia Casas, Inge M. Wouters, Gert Doekes, Raquel Garcia-Esteban, Ulrike Gehring, Anne Hyvärinen, Marieke Oldenwening, Marjan Kerkhof, Jordi Sunyer, Marie Standl, Elisabeth Thiering, Maties Torrent, Joachim Heinrich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Inverse associations have been found between exposure to bio-contaminants and asthma and allergies. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess whether early exposure to bio-contaminants in dust is associated with asthma and allergy later in childhood among children from (sub)-urban areas. In subsets of three European birth cohorts (PIAMA: n=553; INMA: n=481; and LISAplus: n=395), endotoxin, (1,3,)-β- d -glucan and extracellular polysaccharide were measured in dust from living rooms shortly after birth. Current asthma at 6 years and 10 years of age and ever asthma up to 10 years of age were assessed by parental questionnaires. Specific IgE levels at 8 years (PIAMA) and 10 years (LISAplus) were available. Adjusted, cohort-specific logistic regression analyses were performed. Higher endotoxin concentrations were positively associated with current asthma at 6 years of age in PIAMA (adjusted OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.07–3.58), but were inversely related with ever asthma up to 10 years of age in INMA (adjusted OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.94). No associations with asthma were found for LISAplus. No associations were observed with atopic sensitisation in all cohorts. All associations with (1,3)-β- d -glucan and extracellular polysaccharide were statistically nonsignificant. The suggested immunological mechanisms of early exposure to bio-contaminants with regards to asthma and allergy might be different for children growing up in (sub)-urban environments.
Weight Loss and Endothelial Function in Obesity
Authors: Kieren J. Mather, Helmut O. Steinberg, Alain D. Baron
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Endothelial dysfunction, a pathologic feature of obesity, predicts the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (1,2), and is felt to mediate the increased cardiovascular risk associated with a number of classical and nonclassical risk factors. However, the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in obesity remains uncertain. In this field, the major questions center on the relative roles of insulin resistance, fatty acids, or adipocyte-associated cytokines on endothelial function. For example, a number of groups have demonstrated the ability of acute increases in circulating nonesterified fatty acids to induce insulin resistance at both the cellular and whole-body levels (3,4). The observation that such interventions also induce vascular dysfunction (5) has hinted at the mechanism of obesity-associated endothelial dysfunction, but many questions remain.

We are beginning to see studies of the effects of weight loss, achieved through a variety of means, on endothelial function in obesity. These studies are welcome for two reasons: information regarding further benefits of weight loss can help support arguments for better funding, access, and support of weight loss programs by various payors; also, there is a clear opportunity for such studies to contribute materially to our understanding of the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Weight loss is generally associated with beneficial changes in variables associated independently with endothelial dysfunction, such as blood pressure and HDL cholesterol, and such studies can therefore provide clues to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in this setting. This is something of a minefield, however, because the therapeutic lifestyle interventions usually recommended to achieve weight loss include exercise, a confounder that has well-recognized effects on endothelial function. Conversely, pharmacologically assisted weight loss must account for possible direct effects of the medication on endothelial function independent of its effects …
UK introduces measures to reduce errors with methotrexate
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The United Kingdom is introducing practical measures to reduce the risk of errors with oral methotrexate, in response to deaths and serious events in patients taking the drug incorrectly.

The National Patient Safety Agency, an organisation that monitors adverse events occurring in NHS funded care and makes recommendations to reduce risk, identified reports of 25 deaths and 26 cases of serious harm associated with the use of oral methotrexate in patients living in the community in England over the past decade.

A range of factors had contributed to these adverse events, including patients not …
Local injection of stem cell factor (SCF) improves myocardial homing of systemically delivered c-kit + bone marrow-derived stem cells
Authors: Matthias Lutz, Mark Rosenberg, Fabian Kiessling, Volker Eckstein, Thomas Heger, Jutta Krebs, Anthony D. Ho, Hugo A. Katus, Norbert Frey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

AimsRecent studies have shown that stem cell therapy may alleviate the detrimental effects of myocardial infarction. Yet, most of these reports observed only modest effects on cardiac function, suggesting that there still is need for improvement before widespread clinical use. One potential approach would be to increase migration of stem cells to the heart. We therefore tested whether local administration of stem cell factor (SCF) improves myocardial homing of intravenously infused lin-/c-kit+ stem cells after myocardial infarction.
Management of chronic viral hepatitis in patients with thalassemia: recommendations from an international panel
Authors: Vito Di Marco, Marcello Capra, Emanuele Angelucci, Caterina Borgna-Pignatti, Paul Telfer, Paul Harmatz, Antonis Kattamis, Luciano Prossamariti, Aldo Filosa, Deborah Rund, Maria Rita Gamberini, Paolo Cianciulli, Marianne De Montalembert, Francesco Gagliardotto, Graham Foster, Jean Didier Grangè, Filippo Cassarà, Angela Iacono, Maria Domenica Cappellini, Gary M. Brittenham, Daniele Prati, Antonello Pietrangelo, Antonio Craxì, Aurelio Maggio
Journal: Blood (2010)
Mobilization in myeloma revisited: IMWG consensus perspectives on stem cell collection following initial therapy with thalidomide-, lenalidomide-, or bortezomib-containing regimens
Authors: Shaji Kumar, Sergio Giralt, Edward A. Stadtmauer, Jean L. Harousseau, Antonio Palumbo, William Bensinger, Raymond L. Comenzo, Suzanne Lentzsch, Nikhil Munshi, Ruben Niesvizky, Jesus San Miguel, Heinz Ludwig, Leif Bergsagel, Joan Blade, Sagar Lonial, Kenneth C. Anderson, Patrizia Tosi, Pieter Sonneveld, Orhan Sezer, David Vesole, Michele Cavo, Hermann Einsele, Paul G. Richardson, Brian G. M. Durie, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: Blood (2009)
Acute renal failure associated with NSAIDS
Authors: C A O'Callaghan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Community hospitalsMany provide acute services EDITOR,-Sam Ramaiah raises several relevant issues relating to community hospitals today.'The experience he reports from South Tees, however, focuses only on the non-acute aspects of care in such hospitals.His vision of an administrative centre with little acute medical activity is far removed from reality.Many community hospitals are already adapting to meet the challenges of providing acute care.Day surgery and minimal access techniques are expand- ing the range of surgical activity currently suitable for such hospitals.The introduction of ultrasound imaging, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and desk top laboratories has greatly enhanced locality diagnostic services.In the present climate in the NHS, specialists are increasingly aware of patients' preference to be seen and treated in their own community and of general practitioners' preference for this.The planned development of community based services with a 40% reduction in beds in district general hospitals; a considerable increase in locality based outpatient clinics; and the increase in the number of over 85 year olds, in whom care and not cure is practical, are likely to lead to an increased demand for beds in community hospitals.Each community hospital continues to evolve uniquely to meet local needs and in today's competitive setting can still do so successfully.The identification and development of appropriate services are vital.Innovations in local care are legion, and several will be featured in the annual symposium of the Community Hospitals Associa- tion to be held in Hythe on 3-4 May.Those who doubt, or lack ideas, should book now.
RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS BY DETECTION OF EARLY ANTIGEN FLUORESCENT FOCI
Authors: P.D. Griffiths, P.R. Stirk, M. Ganczakowski, D.D. Panjwani, M.G. Ball, H.A. Blacklock, H.G. Prentice
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Points: Is local anaesthetic necessary when using fine gauge needles?
Authors: S Krishna, P. C W Lyn
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The paper by Dr F Chedru and colleagues (23 March, p 896) describing four cases of sensory neuropathv associated with almitrine is of interest.Almitrine will be used principally in the treatment of severe hypoxia caused by chronic obstructive airways disease.It is an interesting new respiratory
Neck Mass in a Returning Traveler
Authors: Amanda Christini, Emmanuel King
Journal: JAMA (2012)

A 49-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH A HISTORY OF DIABETES PRESENTS TO THE EMERgency department of a US hospital with an abdominal wall abscess. He recently completed a summer pilgrimage to Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia. Incision and drainage are performed but no cultures are sent. He is given empirical double-strength trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole twice daily for 14 days. Several weeks later he returns with painful swelling of the left side of his neck associated with subjective fever and chills. On examination he is afebrile and a tender, 2-cm fluctuant neck mass is palpated. A contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck is performed (FIGURE 1). The patient is given oral clindamycin with plans for ultrasound-guided incision and drainage by an otorhinolaryngologist. However, after 8 days of empirical clindamycin, he returns to the emergency department with worsening neck pain. He is afebrile and no laboratory abnormalities are noted except for an elevated glucose level of 335 mg/dL. What Would You Do Next?
Abstract 3185: Use of whole slide digital imaging for determination of caPCNA and Ki-67 labeling index in normal breast reductions and DCIS: Comparison of the two biomarkers using the Aperio image-based positive pixel algorithm
Authors: George E. Sandusky, Matt S. Rodgers, Karla John, Patty Gulley, Linda Malkas, Robert Hickey
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract While mitotic rates as well as proliferation indices have been reported as significantly different among normal breast and different grades of breast cancer, a reproducible cut-off value has not emerged. The goal of this study was to determine whether more reproducible algorithms using whole slide digital images (WSDI) can define better cut-off values for the normal breast vs. DCIS. Design: Whole tissue sections from 10 normal breast reductions and 10 cases of DCIS were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for caPCNA and Ki67 (Mib-1). Having identified an isoform of PCNA that was uniquely expressed by cancer cells (caPCNA) and distinct from the isoform expressed by non-malignant and normal cells (nmPCNA), antibody selectively binding to caPCNA was developed and used for these studies. Stained slides were scanned using the Aperio (Vista, California) automated whole slide scanning system (Scanscope CS) and were viewed using ImageScopeTM. Single fields of view from each WSDI measuring ∼420,000 µ2 and representing the highest density of caPCNA and Ki-67 positive nuclei were selected for analysis. Different areas were analyzed in a subset of slides to determine the variability in each case, and the total nuclear labeling index was generated using the Aperio positive pixel algorithm. Results: We analyzed the labeling indices in 10 normal breast reductions and 10 DCIS cases. Both caPCNA and Ki-67 were nuclear specific with minimal cytoplasmic staining. The mean labeling indices for the Aperio automated positive pixel counts were caPCNA (0.15) and Ki-67 (0.12) for normal breast and caPCNA (0.52) and Ki-67 (0.29) for DCIS. The correlation coefficients between automated counts were 0.653 for normal breast and 0.616 for DCIS, with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.708 for the entire series. Conclusions: Our analysis of both biomarkers yielded a similarly increasing labeling index for DCIS cases when compared to their expression in normal breast expression. The positive pixel algorithm method has a sampling bias due to subjective selection of the area being counted. In summary, the present results show similar findings for caPCNA and Ki-67 in normal breast reductions with no evidence of breast disease and in DCIS clinical cases. Comparing caPCNA with Ki-67, and unlike traditional PCNA, caPCNA can potentially better differentiate between normal breast and DCIS, and may be a useful biomarker for early stage cancer diagnosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3185. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3185
Abstract 925: Common variants in genes related to immune response and childhood leukemia risk
Authors: Sohee Han, Qing Lan, Ae Kyung Park, Kyoung-Mu Lee, Sue K. Park, Hyo Seop Ahn, Hee Young Shin, Hyoung Jin Kang, Hong Hoe Koo, Jong Jin Seo, Ji Eun Choi, Yoon-Ok Ahn, Stephen J. Chanock, Ho Kim, Nathaniel Rothman, Daehee Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective: In order to investigate possible genetic contribution to childhood leukemia in the immune system, we evaluated the associations between 786 SNPs in 68 genes/gene regions related to immune response and childhood leukemia risk. Methods: Incident childhood leukemia cases (n=136) and non-cancer controls (n=254) were recruited from three teaching hospitals in Seoul between 2003 and 2006. Candidate genes/gene regions were selected based on SNP databases (CGAP and SNP500 database), and genotype assay was performed using GoldenGate (Illumina) oligonucleotide pool assay (OPA). First, we selected SNPs with dose response effect (Ptrend&amp;lt;0.001). The 16 SNPs deemed unusable due to failure of genotyping or monomorphism (9 SNPs), low yield (2 SNPs), HWE p &amp;lt;0.001 (5 SNPs) in each case and control were excluded from the analysis. A gene-level minP was computed using a permutation-based re-sampling procedure (10,000 permutations) taking all SNPs in each gene/gene region into account. We considered minP &amp;lt;0.05 as noteworthy. Childhood leukemia risk was estimated as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, gender and birth weight. Results: Among the 786 SNPs, 134 SNPs in 7 genes/gene regions were significantly associated with childhood leukemia risk (Ptrend &amp;lt;0.001). Five out of 7 genes/gene regions of immune response (MDM2 (murine double minute 2), CD81 (CD81 molecule), IL-2 (interleukin 2), TNF/LTA (tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF) and lymphotoxin-a), RELB (v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B)) were significantly associated with childhood leukemia risk (minP &amp;lt;0.01). Discussion: Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in immune regulatory may play a role in childhood leukemia development. Further large study is warranted confirm our findings. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 925.
Vagal stimulation and its role in eliciting gastrin but not glucagon release from the isolated perfused dog stomach.
Authors: P J Lefebvre, A S Luyckx, A H Brassinne
Journal: Gut (1978)

Electrical stimulation (10 V, 10 Hz, 3 min) of both dorsal and ventral vagal trunks of the isolated canine stomach perfused with whole blood induced strong gastric contractions, transient release of cyclic GMP and marked release of gastrin. No gastric-glucagon release was elicited either at 'normal' (4.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) or at low (1.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) concentrations of blood glucose. It is concluded that, in conditions effective for the stimulation of gastrin release, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves does not stimulate glucagon release from the isolated perfused dog stomach. Thus one of the well-accepted mechanisms controlling pancreatic-glucagon secretion, vagal stimulation, is ineffective on gastric-glucagon release.
History of Insulin
Authors: MARTIN G. GOLDNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 February 1972History of InsulinMARTIN G. GOLDNER, M.D.MARTIN G. GOLDNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-2-329 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The editorial in the November issue, "Insulin: Fifty Years Ago," clarifies the roles played by Macleod and by Collip in the work initiated and conducted by Banting and Best. You have stated properly that "the Toronto work built on that of earlier investigators" and then described that Paulesco "almost" anticipated the clinical triumph in Toronto. Here, it seems to me that it should have been emphasized that Paulesco was neither the sole nor the first investigator who had succeeded in extracting a hypoglycemic principle from the pancreas, had demonstrated the effectiveness of the extract or emulsion in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Jewish Hospital and Medical Center of Brooklyn Brooklyn, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByInsulin's centenary: the birth of an ideaInsulin: Discovery and ControversyThe History of Diabetes mellitusDie Geschichte des Diabetes mellitusA View of the History of Biology From an Islet of LangerhansDie Geschichte des Diabetes mellitus 1 February 1972Volume 76, Issue 2Page: 329-329KeywordsHypoglycemicsInsulinPancreas Issue Published: 1 February 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Is Exclusive Radiotherapy an Option for Early Breast Cancers with Complete Clinical Response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy?
Authors: C. Daveau, A. Savignoni, S. Abrous-Anane, J. Pierga, F. Reyal, C. Gautier, Y. Kirova, R. Dendale, F. Campana, A. Fourquet, M. Bollet
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether exclusive radiotherapy (ERT) could be an option after complete clinical response (cCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for early breast cancers (EBC).Patients and methods: Between 1985 and 1999, 1477 patients received NCT for EBC considered to be too large for primary conservative surgery. Of 165 patients with cCR, 65 were treated by breast surgery (with radiotherapy) and 100 by ERT.Results: The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics, except for larger initial tumor sizes in the ERT group. There were no significant differences in overall, disease-free and metastasis-free survivals. Five-year and 10-year overall survivals were 91% and 77% in the no surgery group and 82% and 79% in the surgery group, respectively (p = 0.9). However, a non-significant trend towards higher locoregional recurrence rates (LRR) was observed in the no surgery group (31% vs. 17% at 10 years; p = 0.06). In patients with complete responses on mammography and/or ultrasound, LRR were not significantly different (p = 0.45, 10-year LRR: 21% in surgery vs. 26% in ERT). No significant differences were observed in terms of the rate of cutaneous, cardiac or pulmonary toxicities.Conclusion: Omission of breast surgery in patients who achieved cCR to NCT was not associated with an increased risk of distant metastases or death. However a trend towards an increased risk of locoregional recurrence was observed in the ERT group. Imaging modalities appear to be essential to monitor chemotherapy response and possibly select patients in whom ERT can be proposed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4108.
Intrathecal Use of Phenol for the Relief of Chronic Severe Pain
Authors: Vernon H. Mark, James C. White, Nicholas T. Zervas, Frank R. Ervin, Edward P. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE relief of chronic severe pain in the trunk, pelvis and legs by the intrathecal injection of phenol solutions was initiated by Maher,1 of Liverpool, and amplified by Nathan and Scott,2 of Queen's Square. The safety of this procedure as compared to the older intrathecal alcohol injections was emphasized in their series of cases by the relative lack of disabling complications such as paresis of the leg or bladder.This report describes the intrathecal use of phenol injections for the relief of pain in 87 patients. The indications for the injections were similar to those used for cordotomy and other . . .
Plasma α2 macroglobulin is increased in nephrotic patients as a result of increased synthesis alone
Authors: Monique G. M. de Sain-van der Velden, Ton J. Rabelink, Dirk-Jan Reijngoud, Mireille M. Gadellaa, Hieronymus A.M. Voorbij, Frans Stellaard, George A. Kaysen
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Diagnostic Orthopaedic Pathology
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In this dissertation the author attempts to convince the reader that, although some diseases produce specific tissue changes, skeletal tissues frequently respond in a limited number of ways to a variety of insults. These responses often lack specificity and, therefore, to avoid misdiagnosis, physicians treating patients with musculoskeletal disorders must correlate all available information inċluding clinical, roentgenographic, pathologic and, at times, biochemical. To perpetuate these ideas, the treatise contains a mixture of histopathologic and roentgenographic description interspersed with limited clinical features of some maladies. The portion devoted to pathology consists of rather traditional gross specimen photographs and light micrographs with little attempt at integrating recent metabolic, biochemical, and physiological advances. Those interested in techniques of biopsy and tissue preparation, fixation, sectioning, and staining will find the initial chapter most informative. The next section on normal bone demonstrates the author's expertise in double embedding and sectioning mineralized cancellous bone. The brief
Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Traumatic Rupture of the Aorta
Authors: Mikel D. Smith, J. Michael Cassidy, Stephen Souther, Edward J. Morris, Peter M. Sapin, Steven B. Johnson, Paul A. Kearney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Rupture of the aorta is a major cause of death after motor vehicle accidents. Survival depends on early diagnosis, and emergency aortography is the standard imaging method. Although transesophageal echocardiography is noninvasive and can provide high-resolution images of the aorta, information about its value in patients with trauma is limited. We conducted this study to assess prospectively the value of transesophageal echocardiography in the emergency evaluation of patients at risk for aortic injury.
Inadequate information about drug overdosage in manufacturers' data sheets.
Authors: R N Illingworth, L F Prescott
Journal: BMJ (1980)

which a high-pressure water jet struck the abdominal wall at a tangent causing a wound 10-cm long together with surgical emphysema.Recovery was uneventful.My patient's heavy protective clothing decreased the velocity of the jet and dispersed the reduced kinetic energy in the abdominal wall, so that it caused no internal injuries.Since the jet was fired only momentarily the mass of water was minimal.