tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of pressure-controlled inverse ration ventilation and extra corporeal CO2 removal for ARDS.
Authors: N M Habashi, H N Reynolds, U Borg, R A Cowley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

"Randomized clinical trial of pressure-controlled inverse ration ventilation and extra corporeal CO2 removal for ARDS.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 151(1), pp. 255–256
Sodium, potassium, and rate constants for sodium efflux in leucocytes from hypertensive Jamaicans.
Authors: T E Forrester, G A Alleyne
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Leucocyte sodium and potassium content and concentrations were measured along with ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive rate constants for sodium efflux in 14 controls and 20 black patients with essential hypertension. Leucocyte sodium content was significantly increased in the patients (mean 101.1 +/- 7.8 mmol/kg dry solids v 74.5 +/- 7.6 mmol/kg dry solids; p less than 0.05), whereas the rate constants for sodium efflux were not significantly reduced. There was no difference between the two groups in cell potassium values. The increase in leucocyte sodium content in the presence of normal rate constants for sodium efflux suggests an increase in membrane permeability to sodium, which might be important in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
SPECIFIC PRECIPITATION AND MOUSE PROTECTION IN TYPE I ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERA
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Richard H. P. Sia, Forrest E. Kendall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. A rapid and simple method is given for the approximate determination of the specifically precipitable protein in Type I antipneumococcus sera. 2. It is shown that a close parallel exists between the specifically precipitable protein and the number of mouse protection units in a wide variety of Type I antipneumococcus sera. 3. Owing to the consistent results obtained and the rapidity, simplicity, and economy of the method, its use is proposed instead of the mouse protection test as a basis for the titration of standard sera and the comparison of others with a standard. 4. A method is given for conveniently preparing highly purified specific polysaccharide of Type I pneumococcus.
Visualization and measurement of the main bronchi by tomography as an objective indicator of thoracic situs in congenital heart disease.
Authors: J B Partridge, O Scott, P B Deverall, F J Macartney
Journal: Circulation (1975)

When investigating complex congenital heart disease, determination of atrial situs is essential. Pathological studies have demonstrated that the best predictor of atrial situs is thoracic situs. To assess thoracic situs, bronchial tomography was performed in 92 patients with congenital heart disease. Sixty-four of these, without abnormalities of situs or cardiac position, formed 'normal' controls. The lengths of the left and right main bronchi were measured. When these were related to age, and the results analyzed statistically, linear discriminant equations resulted giving a chance of only 0.09% of misclassifying a bronchus of unknown morphology. The lowest ratio between bronchial lengths (BLR) in any individual was 1.71:1. These results were then used to assess thoracic situs in 17 patients with abnormal situs or CARDIAC POSITION. In 7 (2 with situs inversus), abdominal and thoracic situs agreed. Of 6 patients with bilateral left lung, 3 had an interrupted inferior vena cava. Of 4 patients with presumptive asplenia, 2 had bilateral right lung, but two had thoracic lateralization, one solitus and one inversus. The highest BLR in thoracic isomerism was 1.4:1. This emphasizes the complex interrelation of splenic status, thoracic, and abdominal situs, but demonstrates the value of bronchial measurement particularly in apparent situs indeterminatus.
Selective Worsening of Brain Injury Biomarker Abnormalities in Cognitively Normal Elderly Persons With β-Amyloidosis
Authors: David S. Knopman, Clifford R. Jack, Heather J. Wiste, Stephen D. Weigand, Prashanthi Vemuri, Val J. Lowe, Kejal Kantarci, Jeffrey L. Gunter, Matthew L. Senjem, Michelle M. Mielke, Rosebud O. Roberts, Bradley F. Boeve, Ronald C. Petersen
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

The appearance of β-amyloidosis and brain injury biomarkers in cognitively normal (CN) persons is thought to define risk for the future development of cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease (AD), but their interaction is poorly understood.To test the hypothesis that the joint presence of β-amyloidosis and brain injury biomarkers would lead to more rapid neurodegeneration. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study.Population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.One hundred ninety-one CN persons (median age, 77 years; range, 71-93 years) in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who underwent magnetic resonance, fludeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), and Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET imaging at least twice 15 months apart. Participants were grouped according to the recommendations of the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer Association preclinical AD criteria based on the presence of β-amyloidosis, defined as a PiB PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) greater than 1.5, alone (stage 1) or with brain injury (stage 2 + 3), defined as hippocampal atrophy or FDG hypometabolism. We also studied a group of patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 17) or dementia (n = 9) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging or the Mayo Alzheimer Center with similar follow-up times who had undergone comparable imaging and had a PiB PET SUVr greater than 1.5.Rate of change of cortical volume on volumetric magnetic resonance images and rate of change of glucose metabolism on FDG PET scan results.There were 25 CN participants with both high PiB retention and low hippocampal volume or FDG hypometabolism at baseline (preclinical AD stages 2 + 3). On follow-up scans, the preclinical AD stage 2 + 3 participants had greater loss of medial temporal lobe volume and greater glucose hypometabolism in the medial temporal lobe compared with the other CN groups. The changes were similar to those in the cognitively impaired participants. Extratemporal regions did not show similar changes.Higher rates of medial temporal neurodegeneration occur in CN individuals who, on their initial scans, had abnormal levels of both β-amyloid and brain injury biomarkers. Although preclinical AD is currently only a research topic, the description of its brain structural changes will be critical for trials designed to prevent or forestall dementia due to AD.
The Effects of Self-Administering Emergency Contraception
Authors: Anna Glasier, David Baird
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Emergency postcoital contraception prevents pregnancy, but it must be prescribed by a doctor and taken within 72 hours of intercourse. It has been proposed that emergency contraception be made available without a prescription. We undertook a study to learn how women might behave if given a supply of emergency contraceptive pills to keep at home.
Enabling Dynamic Partnerships through Joint Degrees between Low- and High-Income Countries for Capacity Development in Global Health Research: Experience from the Karolinska Institutet/Makerere University Partnership
Authors: Nelson Sewankambo, James K. Tumwine, Göran Tomson, Celestino Obua, Freddie Bwanga, Peter Waiswa, Elly Katabira, Hannah Akuffo, Kristina Persson, Stefan Peterson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Points• Partnerships between universities in high-and low-income countries have the potential to increase research capacity in both settings.• We describe a partnership between the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden and Makerere University in Uganda that includes a joint PhD degree program and sharing of scientific ideas and resources.• Ten years of
Real World Effectiveness of Rosiglitazone Added to Maximal (Tolerated) Doses of Metformin and a Sulfonylurea Agent
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We were very interested to learn of Dr. De’s (1) experience with triple oral therapy in a population that was comparable to that in our study (2). We observed, in 48 patients, a fall in A1C levels from 9.3 to 7.5% in 4 months, while De saw a decrease from 9.2 to 8.2% in the same time period. Perhaps …
Ventricular trabeculations in the chick embryo heart and their contribution to ventricular and muscular septal development.
Authors: G Ben-Shachar, R A Arcilla, R V Lucas, F J Manasek
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Sixty-two chick embryo hearts were studied at incremental stages of development (Hamburger-Hamilton stages 16 to 39) by scanning electron microscopy following 3% glutaraldehyde fixation and critical point drying. Early in cardiac development, the primitive ventricle becomes homogeneously trabeculated with highly organized sheets of myocytes lined by endocardial cells, with the trabeculae generally oriented in the dorsoventral direction. Coalescence of these trabecular sheets begins at stage 26, initially at the area of the bulboventricular flange, and later proceeding caudally toward the floor of the ventricle. The fusion process is finished by stage 30, resulting in a muscular ventricular septum that has now divided the primitive ventricle into right and left ventricles. Further growth of the ventricular septum is by continued fusion of the adjoining trabecular sheets. Remnants of the apposing trabecular sheets are found in the solidified muscular septum in the form of endocardial channels. We suggest that persistent patency of these channels results in muscular ventricular septal defects.
Predictive factors of disease relapse after therapy with lymphoblastoid interferon (L-IFN) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
Authors: J Camps, M Gareín-Granero, J.I. Riezu-Boj, E Larrea, E de Alsva, M.P. Civeira, A Castilla, J Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Hospital Use and Mortality among Medicare Beneficiaries in Boston and New Haven
Authors: John E. Wennberg, Jean L. Freeman, Roxanne M. Shelton, Thomas A. Bubolz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Abstract We compared rates of hospital use and mortality in fiscal year 1985 among Medicare enrollees in Boston and New Haven, Connecticut. Adjusted rates of discharge, readmission, length of stay, and reimbursement were 47, 29, 15, and 79 percent higher, respectively, in Boston; 40 percent of Boston's deaths occurred in hospitals as compared with 32 percent of New Haven's. High-variation medical conditions (those for which there is little consensus about the need for hospitalization) accounted for most of these differences. By contrast, discharge rates for low-variation medical conditions (which tend to reflect the incidence of disease) were similar. Inpatient case-fatality rates were lower in Boston than in New Haven (RR = 0.85; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.92), but when all deaths (regardless of place of death) were measured, the mortality rates in Boston and New Haven were nearly identical (RR = 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.05). We conclude that the lower rate of hospital use by Medicare enrollees in New Haven was not associated with a higher overall mortality rate. Population-based as well as hospital-based statistics are needed to evaluate differences in hospital mortality rates for high-variation medical conditions. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1168–73.)
AN HYPOTHESIS CONCERNING THE PATHOGENESIS OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS.
Authors: STEPHEN C. GOLD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1953)

Journal Article AN HYPOTHESIS CONCERNING THE PATHOGENESIS OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Get access STEPHEN C. GOLD STEPHEN C. GOLD St. George's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 65, Issue 2, 1 February 1953, Pages 43–51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1953.tb13188.x Published: 01 February 1953
General practitioners' attitudes and beliefs on antenatal testing for HIV: postal questionnaire survey
Authors: S. Whittet
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The London boroughs of Lambeth, Southwark, and Lewisham have a population of 737 000, which is served by 427 general practitioners. Data from the unlinked anonymous monitoring programme coordinated by the Public Health Laboratory Service's communicable disease surveillance centre show that in 1998 the prevalence of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in this health authority had risen to 1 in 155.

Transmission from mother to child can be reduced from about 30% to less than 5% through use of antiretroviral therapy, elective caesarean section, and avoiding breast feeding; avoiding breast feeding alone reduces transmission by half.1 HIV antenatal testing should be recommended routinely in the United Kingdom.2 Screening is cost effective and acceptable to women. 3 4 Women act on a positive test result and take measures to reduce transmission.5

Lambeth, Southwark, and Lewisham health authority promotes testing for HIV infection by midwives as part of routine …
Abstract 579: 3, 3′-diindolylmethane enhances the effectiveness of Herceptin by upregulation of <i>miR-200</i> through down-regulation of <i>FoxM1</i> in breast cancer cells
Authors: Aamir Ahmad, Shadan Ali, Wael Sakr, KM Rahman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Many patients with high levels of HER2/neu experience disease progression even when treated with Herceptin as a single agent. Current Herceptin-based combination therapies involving conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to increase survival rate in only a portion of patients with high levels of HER2/neu. Furthermore, these treatments are associated with several toxicities. Thus, there is a strong need for developing new tumor selective agents that can be co-administered with Herceptin successfully, and with minimal toxicity, to treat breast cancer patients whose tumors express high levels of HER2/neu. 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), a cruciferous plant-derived and non-toxic chemopreventive agent, has been reported to selectively kill breast cancer cells without affecting normal cells and sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Herceptin alone and in combination with DIM on cell viability, apoptosis and clonogenic assays in SKBR3 (HER2/neu overexpressing) and MDA-MB-468 (HER2/neu-negative) breast cancer cell lines. We found that DIM could sensitize breast cancer cells to Herceptin by significantly reducing cell viability, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis and significant inhibition of colony formation when compared with single agent treatment. These results were also consistent with the down-regulation of Akt and NF-κB. Mechanistic investigations revealed a significant upregulation of miR-200, which resulted in the reduction of FoxM1 expression in DIM plus Herceptin-treated breast cancer cells. These results provide experimental evidence, for the first time, that DIM plus Herceptin therapy could be translated to the clinic as a therapeutic modality to improve treatment outcome of patients whose tumors express high levels of HER2/neu. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 579. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-579
Reaching the Limits of Genome-wide Significance in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Nancy L. Pedersen
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
?-Thalassemia gene flow from India to Mauritius
Authors: Ajit C. Gorakshakar, Kanjaksha Ghosh, Roshan B. Colah, Dipika Mohanty
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

␤-Thalassemia Gene Flow From India to MauritiusTo the Editor: Recently, Kotea et al. [1] reported the spectrum of ␤-thalassemia mutations in Mauritius.Their discussion on gene flow from India to Mauritius is based on historic records and the spectrum of ␤-thalassemia mutations in India published by Varawalla et al. [2], where the samples were largely from individuals originating from two states of India, viz.Gujarat and Punjab.We have been characterizing ␤-thalassemia mutations in our laboratory for the past 8-10 years [3].Besides, several groups have published frequencies of various ␤-thalassemia mutations from different states of India.Evidently, the picture is extremely heterogenous.The entire data is compiled elsewhere [4].The frequency of six common ␤-thalassemia mutations seen by some of the groups is tabulated (Table I) for comparison with the Mauritius data.The frequency of the most common mutation, IVS I-5(G>C) varies between 22.8% and 87.7% in different states.It has been stated [1] that the IVS I-5(G>C) mutation in India is linked to two frameworks, 1 and 3a, but recently it has been shown by us [3] that this
TIMP-1 Is Significantly Associated with Objective Response and Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Combination of Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Folinic Acid
Authors: Nanna M. Sørensen, Per Byström, Ib J. Christensen, Åke Berglund, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Nils Brünner, Bengt Glimelius
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is known to protect cells against apoptosis. We raised the hypothesis that elevated tumor tissue levels and thereby plasma levels of TIMP-1 would predict resistance to apoptosis-inducing chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Ninety patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were included in the study. Plasma TIMP-1 and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in samples obtained before the first cycle of chemotherapy. Results: Analysis of best objective response (complete or partial response versus stable or progressive disease) showed that patients with low plasma TIMP-1 had higher probability of obtaining an objective response [odds ratio (OR), 3.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.4-8.5, P = 0.007]. CEA treated as a continuous variable was also a statistically significant predictor of no response (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.7, P = 0.02, area under the curve 0.66) but much less so. Plasma TIMP-1 was the only significant covariate in a multivariable analysis of best objective response (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.4-9.5; P = 0.001). Plasma TIMP-1 scored as a continuous variable on the log scale (loge) was significantly associated with overall survival [OS; hazard ratio (HR), 3.8; 95% CI, 2.4-5.9; P &amp;lt; 0.0001] and with time to progression (TTP; HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.3; P = 0.048). Multivariable analysis showed that plasma TIMP-1 was significant for OS when including routine clinical baseline covariates (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 2.1-5.8; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). A multivariable analysis including TTP instead of OS showed that only plasma TIMP-1 was retained in the model (HR, 1.5). CEA was not significantly associated with TTP or OS when TIMP-1 was included in the model. Conclusion: This study shows that plasma TIMP-1 levels are significantly and independently associated with objective response, TTP, and OS in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving combination chemotherapy.
Evaluation of Simpson.
Authors: S Selwyn
Journal: BMJ (1970)

escaping initially due to its high level of parasympathetic tone.' Ileus has for many years been known to occur as the result of a variety of condi- tions, many of them remote from the gastrointestinal tract, and I would submit that the patients described as suffering from pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel were in reality suffering from paralytic ileus.-I
Interventricular coronary steal induced by stenosis of left anterior descending coronary artery in exercising pigs.
Authors: A J Crottogini, B D Guth, J G Barra, P Willshaw, E C Lascano, R H Pichel
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND In pigs and humans, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) supplies the left ventricular anterior wall (LVAW), anterior septum, and paraseptal band of the right ventricular anterior wall (RVAW). The purposes of our study were 1) to study the LAD flow distribution in these walls during preexercise, exercise, and exercise with LAD stenosis and 2) to analyze regional wall motion under these conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine pigs were instrumented with sonomicrometers for measuring percent wall thickening (%WTh) in LVAW, RVAW, and lateral (control) walls of both ventricles, a hydraulic occluder at the LAD origin, an LV pressure transducer, and catheters for radioactive microsphere injection (left atrium) and blood withdrawal (aorta). One month later, regional %WTh and flows were measured during preexercise, exercise, and continuing exercise with LAD stenosis resulting in more than 50% reduction in systolic LVAW %WTh with regard to exercise. LAD stenosis caused a dramatic decrease in total mean +/- SD LVAW subendocardial flow with regard to exercise (28.7 +/- 8 to 9.1 +/- 3.2 ml.min-1, p less than 0.0001) but not significant changes in either LVAW subepicardial flow or RVAW flow. The transmural distribution of flows within the LAD bed (as percentages of the total LAD flow in each experimental condition) showed that LAD stenosis redistributed flows with regard to exercise such that the LVAW subendocardial flow decreased from 26.4 +/- 4.2% of the total LAD flow to 11.8 +/- 4.3% (p less than 0.0001), whereas LVAW subepicardial flow increased from 32.9 +/- 2.3% of the total LAD flow to 45.5 +/- 7.9% (p less than 0.0001) and RVAW increased from 12 +/- 4.9% of the total LAD flow to 18.7 +/- 7.2% (p less than 0.0005). With exercise plus LAD stenosis, LVAW %WTh decreased from 43.2 +/- 8.4% to 17.2 +/- 9.7% (p less than 0.0001), but RVAW %WTh did not change. CONCLUSIONS In the LAD bed of exercising pigs, LAD stenosis induces, in addition to transmural steal, an interventricular steal favoring the RVAW at the expense of the LVAW subendocardium. This steal results in preserved RVAW thickening despite severe LVAW hypokinesia.
To What Purpose
Authors: Leland S. McKittrick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

ALL your presidents have, in addition to surgery, one thing in common — the Presidential Address. The subject finally selected will, to no small degree, reflect the varying special interests and activities of each.I have recently fulfilled my responsibilities to the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association. The eleven years as a member, five of them as chairman of this Council, have been at times exciting, always challenging and very sobering whenever I contemplated the staggering responsibilities facing medicine. The need to give this address has challenged me to review critically my own . . .