tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critical care medicine mailing list: growth of an online forum
Authors: Anthony L DeWitt, Scott R Gunn, Phil Hopkins, Stephen Streat
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Competing interest: CSF is employed by Yahoo!, the for-profit internet search engine that CDC had a contract with during this campaign.CSF's professional compensation includes Yahoo! stock.The results of this study could potentially benefit Yahoo! by attracting new advertisers.Ethical approval: Not needed.
Photodynamic therapy of sebaceous hyperplasia with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid and slide projector
Authors: T. Horio, O. Horio, H. Miyauchi-Hashimoto, M. Ohnuki, T. Isei
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Photodynamic therapy of sebaceous hyperplasia with topical 5‐aminolaevulinic acid and slide projector Get access T. Horio, T. Horio Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Horio, O. Horio Plastic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 10‐15 Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka 570‐8507, Japan. E‐mail: horio@takii.kmu.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Miyauchi‐Hashimoto, H. Miyauchi‐Hashimoto Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Ohnuki, M. Ohnuki Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Isei T. Isei Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 6, 1 June 2003, Pages 1274–1276, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05360.x Published: 01 June 2003
Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa, Howard Bauchner
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Changes in Anxiety, Mood, and Self-Esteem Resulting from an Attempt to Stop Smoking
Authors: JEROME L. SCHWARTZ, MILDRED DUBITZKY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Concomitants of change in cigarette smoking were studied among 158 adult male volunteers in an organized smoking withdrawal program. Subjects generally developed more negative attitudes and beliefs toward smoking during the course of the program. They also became more anxious, although the successful subjects were the least anxious group throughout. At the end of the program this group also had the highest scores in self-confidence.
Airflow limitation in chronic bronchitis is associated with T-lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration of the bronchial mucosa.
Authors: A Di Stefano, G Turato, P Maestrelli, C E Mapp, M P Ruggieri, A Roggeri, P Boschetto, L M Fabbri, M Saetta
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To investigate whether the airway inflammatory process is different in patients with chronic bronchitis with airflow limitation and those with chronic bronchitis without airflow limitation, we obtained bronchial biopsies from 14 subjects with chronic sputum production and fixed airway obstruction, and from 10 subjects with chronic sputum production and normal FEV1, all with a history of cigarette smoking. Paraffin-embedded and frozen bronchial biopsies were examined by immunohistochemistry to identify the number of neutrophils (neutrophil-elastase), eosinophils (antieosinophil cationic protein [EG-2]), mast cells (tryptase), T-lymphocytes (CD3), T-lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4 and CD8), B-lymphocytes, and macrophages (CD68) in the submucosa. Subjects with chronic bronchitis with airflow limitation had a greater number of T-lymphocytes (p < 0.01) and macrophages (p < 0.05) than subjects with chronic bronchitis without airflow limitation, whereas the T-lymphocyte subpopulations and the numbers of B-lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells were similar in the two groups. When all the subjects were considered together, the number of T-lymphocytes correlated inversely with the values of FEV1 (r = 0.46, p < 0.02). In conclusion, airflow limitation in subjects with chronic bronchitis is associated with an increased number of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in the bronchial mucosa.
Interferon and Ribavirin vs Interferon Alone in the Re-treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Previously Nonresponsive to Interferon
Authors: Kristin J. Cummings, Shing M. Lee, Emily S. West, Javier Cid-Ruzafa, Steven G. Fein, Yutaka Aoki, Mark S. Sulkowski, Steven N. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextHepatitis C is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Several trials have found that interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is more efficacious than interferon monotherapy for previously untreated patients and those who relapsed after prior interferon monotherapy, but its effectiveness for nonresponders to prior interferon monotherapy is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of interferon and ribavirin vs interferon alone for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C who previously did not respond to interferon monotherapy.Data SourcesA systematic search was performed using MEDLINE and the Science Citation Index for publications from 1966 to December 1999. A manual reference search and a manual review of relevant specialty journals also were performed, and input from clinical hepatology experts was sought.Study SelectionIncluded studies were randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing interferon and ribavirin with interferon alone and reporting virological and biochemical outcomes after a follow-up period. Of 50 identified studies, 12 trials (941 patients) were included in the analysis.Data ExtractionTwo investigators reviewed trials independently for methods, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and outcomes. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. Abstracted data included study and patient characteristics and virological, biochemical, and histological outcomes. A quality evaluation questionnaire was used to score studies.Data SynthesisThe pooled virological response rate for combination therapy was 14% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11%-17%), with a risk difference favoring combination therapy of 7% (95% CI, 2%-13%). Use of interferon alfa-2a/2b and ribavirin, 1000 to 1200 mg/d, was associated with a pooled virological response rate of 18% and a risk difference of 16% (95% CI, 11%-21%). When interferon alfa-n/n3 and a lower dosage of ribavirin (600-800 mg/d) were used, the risk difference was 0% (95% CI, –7% to 7%). Combination therapy was associated with more adverse effects and an increased rate of discontinuation of treatment compared with interferon monotherapy.ConclusionsFor chronic hepatitis C that is nonresponsive to prior interferon monotherapy, combination therapy is more effective than re-treatment with interferon alone. Response rates remain less than 20% even in the most responsive subgroups, demonstrating a need for better therapeutic options.
Functional and morphological features of isolated hepatocytes preserved in university of wisconsin solution
Authors: Dario Sorrentino, Karen Van Ness, Isabela Ribeiro, Charles M. Miller
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Although several studies suggest that hepatic graft failure after cold ischemia results from nonparenchymal cell damage, other data indicate that hepatocellular ATP content is significantly correlated with the transplantation success rate. In this study, we have conducted a systematic investigation of various aspects of cell viability and function of isolated hepatocytes stored at 4 degrees C for 24 and 48 hr in either University of Wisconsin solution or Hanks' HEPES buffer, a control solution clinically unsuitable for organ preservation. After 24 hr, hepatocytes stored in Hanks' HEPES buffer had viability (measured by trypan blue exclusion and ALT and lactic dehydrogenase leakage), transport function (measured by 22Na+ and [3H]taurocholate uptake) and cell size similar or only slightly altered when compared with freshly isolated and University of Wisconsin solution-stored hepatocytes. ATP content was decreased in both groups; however, the reduction was much greater in Hanks' HEPES buffer-stored cells. Furthermore, ATP regenerating capacity was greatly reduced in Hanks' HEPES buffer- stored but not in University of Wisconsin solution-stored hepatocytes. By 48 hr viability and function of Hanks' HEPES buffer-stored hepatocytes were decreased; University of Wisconsin solution afforded partial protection. When examined by light and electron microscopy, cells stored in both University of Wisconsin solution and Hanks' HEPES buffer for 24 hr appeared essentially normal except for the presence of numerous membrane blebs in the Hanks' HEPES buffer group. Tissue sections of livers preserved in Hanks' HEPES buffer but not in University of Wisconsin solution revealed the presence of extensive amounts of blebs in the sinusoidal lumen and loss of endothelial elements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Altered manifestations of skin disease at sites affected by neurological deficit
Authors: E. Azimi, E.A. Lerner, S.B. Elmariah
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The contribution of the nervous system to inflammation in general and inflammatory skin disease in particular has been underappreciated. It is now apparent that an intact neural component is required for the conventional clinical manifestations of many inflammatory skin diseases. To investigate the relationship between nerve damage and skin disease. Previous individual reports since 1966 were collected systematically and the clinical observations described therein were placed within current concepts of neurogenic inflammation. We reviewed the literature and identified 23 cases of alterations in the appearance or distribution of skin disorders in patients with acquired central or peripheral neural damage or dysfunction. In 19 cases, near or complete resolution of pre‐existing skin lesions occurred in areas directly or indirectly supplied by a subsequently injured nervous system. Exacerbation or new onset of skin lesions occurred in only four cases. The neural deficits described included damage within the peripheral or central nervous system resulting in pure sensory, pure motor or combined sensory and motor deficits. These cases highlight the importance of neural innervation and neurogenic inflammation in the development of inflammatory skin disease and prompt further examination of the use of neural blockade as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses.
Gynecologic Surgery and Urology
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This second edition is notable for its drawings by Daisy Stilwell, which are superb in quality and clarity. It is primarily a textbook of gynecologic surgical technique, profusely illustrated, but like many textbooks it attempts too much at one time. The author believes in teaching regional surgery rather than gynecologic surgery, and he has therefore included almost all cutting procedures applicable to the area between the umbilicus and mid-thigh. As a result the gynecologist-reader is introduced, although in a superficial way, to many operations in the field of general surgery. The gynecologic techniques selected are admittedly the author's favorites, those which he feels are basic. Yet despite his desire "to bury outmoded procedures," his colleagues might well question his nominations for euthanasia and at the same time his inclusion of "new procedures presented for consideration now rather than to await formal reports in the journals." The volume suffers from an
Diminished Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony and Impact of Resynchronization in Failing Hearts With Right Versus Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Melissa J. Byrne, Robert H. Helm, Samantapudi Daya, Nael F. Osman, Henry R. Halperin, Ronald D. Berger, David A. Kass, Albert C. Lardo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Genome-wide association analyses of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese identify multiple susceptibility loci and gene-environment interactions
Authors: Chen Wu, Peter Kraft, Kan Zhai, Jiang Chang, Zhaoming Wang, Yun Li, Zhibin Hu, Zhonghu He, Weihua Jia, Christian C Abnet, Liming Liang, Nan Hu, Xiaoping Miao, Yifeng Zhou, Zhihua Liu, Qimin Zhan, Yu Liu, Yan Qiao, Yuling Zhou, Guangfu Jin, Chuanhai Guo, Changdong Lu, Haijun Yang, Jianhua Fu, Dianke Yu, Neal D Freedman, Ti Ding, Wen Tan, Alisa M Goldstein, Tangchun Wu, Hongbing Shen, Yang Ke, Yixin Zeng, Stephen J Chanock, Philip R Taylor, Dongxin Lin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
APPENDICITIS FROM A MEDICAL STANDPOINT.
Authors: I. N. LOVE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Every appendix vermiformis, healthy or diseased, is a law unto itself. As its anatomy varies so also does its pathology. McBurney's is not always the only point at which to look for the appendix. It may deviate to the left, up or down, in fact it has been found in almost every region of the abdomen, and I once saw a man who, having, after a long illness, passed fecal matter mingled with the urine from his bladder, was operated on for supposed prostatic abscess and recto-urethral fistula without avail. A suprapubic operation revealed a previous appendiceal abscess, the appendix having rested on the bladder, adhesions occurred and ulceration into the bladder followed. None but the experienced would have dreamed of looking here for an appendicitis. Indeed, we must remember that the various parts of the human anatomy vary as widely as do individuals, viewed from any standpoint. The primary
493 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PRECORE AND CORE PROMOTER MUTATIONS IN KOREAN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS
Authors: S.Y. Yim, S.H. Um, J.D. Kim, J.Y. Jung, C.H. Kim, Y.S. Seo, H.J. Yim, B. Keum, Y.T. Jeen, H.S. Lee, H.J. Chun, C.D. Kim, H.S. Ryu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A REMARKABLE CASE OF SPINAL METASTASIS IN A CEREBELLAR MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: L. Halpern
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The following observation seems to be of interest to neurologists as well as to surgeons: H. D., a boy aged 7 years, started complaining of headaches and vomiting one and a half years before the present admission. In the course of the following few weeks equilibrium disorders appeared. The neurologic examination revealed in the erect position and while walking moderate ataxia with no evident lateralization and bilateral nystagmus. The ophthalmoscope revealed bilateral edematous papillae of 2 diopters which rapidly reached 3 diopters. On the basis of these findings a cerebellar tumor, probably situated in the vermis, was diagnosed and operation recommended. On operation (Professor Vincent of Paris) a medullary blastoma was found in the midline of the cerebellum. The greatest part of the tumor was removed. After this the boy received several roentgen treatments. Following the operation the general symptoms of cerebral compression disappeared completely and the ataxia has greatly
Doxorubicin Conjugate of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)‐<i>Block</i>‐Polyphosphoester for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chun‐Yang Sun, Shuang Dou, Jin‐Zhi Du, Xian‐Zhu Yang, Ya‐Ping Li, Jun Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Polyphosphoesters with repeating phosphoester linkages in the backbone can be easily functionalized, are biodegradable and potentially biocompatible, and may be potential candidates as polymer carriers of drug conjugates. Here, the efficacy of a polyphosphoester drug conjugate as an anticancer agent in vivo is assessed for the first time. With controlled synthesis, doxorubicin conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol)‐ block ‐polyphosphoester (PPEH–DOX) via labile hydrazone bonds form spherical nanoparticles in aqueous solution with an average diameter of ≈60 nm. These nanoparticles are effectively internalized by MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells and release the conjugated doxorubicin in response to the intracellular pH of endosomes and lysosomes, resulting in significant antiproliferative activity in cancer cells. Compared with free doxorubicin injection, PPEH–DOX injection exhibits much longer circulation behavior in the plasma of mice and leads to enhanced drug accumulation in tumor cells. In an MDA‐MB‐231 xenograft murine model, inhibition of tumor growth with systemic delivery of PPEH–DOX nanoparticles is more pronounced compared with free doxorubicin injection, suggesting the potential of polyphosphoesters as carriers of drug conjugates in cancer therapy.
What Is the Cardia?
Authors: Richard H. Adler
Journal: JAMA (1962)

GROWING INTEREST in the function of the gastroesophageal junction area has focused attention on the cardia. It is paradoxical that a word as widely used as cardia continues to exist without a more precise definition. An attempt to pinpoint the exact meaning of cardia by consulting all available dictionaries and anatomy textbooks ends up as a frustrating adventure in ambiguity. The Merriam WebsterNew International Unabridged Dictionarycan do no better than the others in stating that the word stems, from Greek kardia, heart or upper orifice of the stomach. This source continues, Anat. a. the opening of the esophagus into the stomach, b. the cardiac end of the stomach. The matter may be summarized briefly—cardia is in use to refer to the proximal stomach, the distal esophagus, and the rim or hole between the two.  In attempting to trace the origin of cardia (Latin, cor), one is led back
Treatment of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: E. G. L. BYWATERS
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The treatment of active rheumatic fever has changed little over the course of years; bed rest is believed to be necessary for the lessening of residua although there is only slight evidence for this belief. The virtues of salicylates in high and low dosage and of similar compounds, of corticotropin, cortisone and its analogues continue to be discussed but chiefly now in the light of those studies that are well designed and include adequate control observations. There is still some hope that a drug in the steroid or salicylate class might be found that would make suppression worth while. What is really wanted is something that will inhibit the consequences of streptococcal infection at the stage of rheumatic fever in a more basic way. Achieving this goal depends upon knowing more about the etiologic mechanisms involved.
The impact of antibiotics on growth in children in low and middle income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: E. K. Gough, E. E. M. Moodie, A. J. Prendergast, S. M. A. Johnson, J. H. Humphrey, R. J. Stoltzfus, A. S. Walker, I. Trehan, D. M. Gibb, R. Goto, S. Tahan, M. B. de Morais, A. R. Manges
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine whether antibiotic treatment leads to improvements in growth in prepubertal children in low and middle income countries, to determine the magnitude of improvements in growth, and to identify moderators of this treatment effect. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, and Web of Science. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised controlled trials conducted in low or middle income countries in which an orally administered antibacterial agent was allocated by randomisation or minimisation and growth was measured as an outcome. Participants aged 1 month to 12 years were included. Control was placebo or non-antimicrobial intervention. <b>Results</b> Data were pooled from 10 randomised controlled trials representing 4316 children, across a variety of antibiotics, indications for treatment, treatment regimens, and countries. In random effects models, antibiotic use increased height by 0.04 cm/month (95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.07) and weight by 23.8 g/month (95% confidence interval 4.3 to 43.3). After adjusting for age, effects on height were larger in younger populations and effects on weight were larger in African studies compared with other regions. <b>Conclusion</b> Antibiotics have a growth promoting effect in prepubertal children in low and middle income countries. This effect was more pronounced for ponderal than for linear growth. The antibiotic growth promoting effect may be mediated by treatment of clinical or subclinical infections or possibly by modulation of the intestinal microbiota. Better definition of the mechanisms underlying this effect will be important to inform optimal and safe approaches to achieving healthy growth in vulnerable populations.
Captopril Renoscintigraphy with Tc-99m DTPA in Patients with Suspected Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: KAZUO ITOH, ERIKO TSUKAMOTO, KAZUHIKO NAGAO, KUNIHIRO NAKADA, KAKUKO KANEGAE, MASAYORI FURUDATE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Sensitivity and specificity of captopril renoscintigraphy (CRS) with Tc-99m DTPA has been analyzed in 41 cases, 16 with renovascular hypertension (RVH) and 25 with non-RVH. The sensitivity and specificity of the baseline study were 63% (10/16) and 63% (12/19), respectively, based on the split renal function study in which the lower limit of normal was assumed to be 42% of the total renal uptake. Captopril renoscintigraphy yielded 67% (12/18) sensitivity and 76% (19/25) specificity. The low specificity of CRS was due to the application of a prospective criterion of the captopril-induced reduction rate (CRR) of less than -20%, which was calculated from the renal uptake before and after captopril. When criteria of CRR less than -25% were used, the specificity of CRS was improved to 96%, but the sensitivity declined to 61%. Changes in the configuration of the renogram induced by captopril also had high specificity but low sensitivity. Renovascular hypertension was most likely when criteria for both CRR and the renogram were fulfilled. These criteria often were diagnostic in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis that showed variable scintigraphic responses to captopril challenge. Captopril renoscintigraphy is a very specific means to evaluate RVH, but may have limitations in certain clinical situations such as poorly preserved function of the affected kidney, prior long-term administration of captopril, prior surgical manipulation of stenotic renal artery, and chronic renal parenchymal damage.