tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Technical Responsibility of the Orthotist
Authors: John J. Glancy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE TECHNICAL RESPONSIBILITY of the orthotist cannot be spelled out without some discussion of the factors which are influencing the modern technician. His competency is directly related to the experiences to which his field exposes him. Technical responsibility is also related to the matter of standards. The governing body which directs and defines policy on this all-important matter is the American Board for Certification in Orthotics and Prosthetics. The "program of certification is designed to provide the public, particularly the patient and his doctor, the highest competency and ethics in the practice of orthotics and prosthetics."<sup>1</sup>The Federal Trade Commission has approved the fair trade practices for the field of orthopedic appliances, and the Commission's code has been adopted by the Board as a guide. Three of the seven directors of the Board are orthopedic surgeons, nominated by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, and its affairs are
Exercise intolerance in patients with chronic heart failure: role of impaired nutritive flow to skeletal muscle.
Authors: J R Wilson, J L Martin, D Schwartz, N Ferraro
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The maximal exercise capacity of patients with chronic heart failure is frequently reduced. To investigate whether this exercise intolerance is caused by inadequate nutritive flow to skeletal muscle, we compared cardiac outputs, leg blood flow, and leg metabolism during maximal bicycle exercise in seven patients with normal maximal oxygen uptake (VO2) (greater than 20 ml/min/kg; group A), eight patients with heart failure and moderately reduced maximal VO2 (15 to 18 ml/min/kg; group B), and eight patients with heart failure and markedly reduced maximal VO2 (less than 14 ml/min/kg; group C). As the severity of exercise intolerance increased from group A to group C there was a progressive decline in cardiac output and leg blood flow at any given workload accompanied by a progressive decline in maximal cardiac output (liters/min) (A, 12.4 +/- 1.0; B, 8.7 +/- 0.9; C, 5.5 +/- 0.7), maximal leg flow (liters/min) (A, 4.0 +/- 0.3; B, 2.6 +/- 0.4; C, 1.4 +/- 0.2), and maximal leg VO2 (ml/min) (A, 564 +/- 49; B, 403 +/- 41; C, 213 +/- 35 ml/min). All patients terminated exercise because of severe leg fatigue. At termination of exercise, all three groups exhibited similar marked levels of leg O2 extraction (%) (A, 80 +/- 2; B, 83 +/- 3; C, 89 +/- 1) and high femoral-arterial lactate gradients (mg/dl) (A, 15.4 +/- 2.6; B, 18.3 +/- 3.5; C, 19.2 +/- 3.6), suggesting that exercise was limited when a critical level of muscle underperfusion was reached. These data suggest that the reduced maximal exercise capacity of patients with chronic heart failure is primarily due to impaired nutritive flow to skeletal muscle and resultant muscular fatigue.
Abdominal Scanning with Tc???99m Red Blood Cells False???positive Study Due to Ectopic Kidney
Authors: YUTAKA SUZUKI, MAKOTO OOTAKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Abdominal scanning with Tc–99m red blood cells performed in a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding demonstrated a localized area of increased activity in the pelvic region that simulated either bleeding in a mass or encapsulated bleeding. Contrast angiography confirmed that the bleeding was due to a right ectopic kidney.
Direct Representation of the Profession on the General Medical Council
Authors: J. Lloyd-Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1886)

<h3>Summary</h3> Monitoring the mutation dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for the development of effective approaches to contain the pathogen. By analyzing 106 SARS-CoV-2 and 39 SARS genome sequences, we provided direct genetic evidence that SARS-CoV-2 has a much lower mutation rate than SARS. Minimum Evolution phylogeny analysis revealed the putative original status of SARS-CoV-2 and the early-stage spread history. The discrepant phylogenies for the spike protein and its receptor binding domain proved a previously reported structural rearrangement prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Despite that we found the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is particularly more conserved, we identified a mutation that leads to weaker receptor binding capability, which concerns a SARS-CoV-2 sample collected on 27<sup>th</sup> January 2020 from India. This represents the first report of a significant SARS-CoV-2 mutant, and raises the alarm that the ongoing vaccine development may become futile in future epidemic if more mutations were identified. <h3>Highlights</h3> Based on the currently available genome sequence data, we proved that SARS-COV-2 genome has a much lower mutation rate and genetic diversity than SARS during the 2002-2003 outbreak. The spike (S) protein encoding gene of SARS-COV-2 is found relatively more conserved than other protein-encoding genes, which is a good indication for the ongoing antiviral drug and vaccine development. Minimum Evolution phylogeny analysis revealed the putative original status of SARS-CoV-2 and the early-stage spread history. We confirmed a previously reported rearrangement in the S protein arrangement of SARS-COV-2, and propose that this rearrangement should have occurred between human SARS-CoV and a bat SARS-CoV, at a time point much earlier before SARS-COV-2 transmission to human. We provided first evidence that a mutated SARS-COV-2 with reduced human ACE2 receptor binding affinity have emerged in India based on a sample collected on 27<sup>th</sup> January 2020.
Broncho-oesophageal fistula: a late complication of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy
Authors: D L Carr-Locke, K Sidky
Journal: Gut (1982)

A case is reported of delayed broncho-oesophageal fistula presenting several weeks after fibreoptic injection sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices in a patient with chronic active hepatitis who eventually died from bronchopneumonia. Such serious complications of injection sclerotherapy should be kept in mind with the increasing popularity of this method of early treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices.
Residual Tumor Size and IGCCCG Risk Classification Predict Additional Vascular Procedures in Patients with Germ Cell Tumors and Residual Tumor Resection: A Multicenter Analysis of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group
Authors: Christian Winter, David Pfister, Jonas Busch, Cigdem Bingöl, Ulrich Ranft, Mark Schrader, Klaus-Peter Dieckmann, Axel Heidenreich, Peter Albers
Journal: European Urology (2011)
China and HIV — A Window of Opportunity
Authors: Bates Gill, Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Chinese and international health officials express optimism about controlling the HIV–AIDS epidemic but emphasize the need to move quickly. Bates Gill and Dr. Susan Okie explain that, given China's enormous population, even a small increase in prevalence could be devastating. Bates Gill discusses the largely rural HIV epidemic in China, the turnaround in the central government's approach to HIV–AIDS, and the remaining obstacles to controlling the epidemic. Gill is a China scholar at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C.
Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome. The west of Scotland's screening programme.
Authors: A Byrne, A Cameron, K McIntosh, M McNay, K Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1993)

This matter is of sufficient importance that we encourage others to perform the analysis and report their findings.We believe that it is unsatisfactory to compare selected peer reviewed publications of prospective trials with unpublished or not peer reviewed summary data.Spencer and his colleagues cited only two of the three published studies using triple markers in women of all ages.The study not cited reported a detection rate of 91% (20/22) when amniocentesis was offered to 6% of the study population5 (this latter rate is identified as the false positive rate in the letter by Spencer and his colleagues).When evaluating prospective trials, it is essential to give details of the methods used to ensure complete ascertainment of all cases of Down's syndrome.Equally important is a comparison of the number of cases of Down's syndrome expected to be found in the second trimester (on the basis of the maternal age distribution of the screened population) with the actual number identified.The overall prevalence of Down's syndrome in the four studies using free ,B is lower than the prevalence in the two studies using triple markers, suggesting that incomplete identification of Down's syndrome pregnancies missed by the screening test may have led to an exaggerated detection rate.This possibility can be explored only if complete information is available.
Insulin attenuates agonist-mediated calcium mobilization in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: F Saito, M T Hori, M Fittingoff, T Hino, M L Tuck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Insulin has been shown to attenuate pressor-induced vascular contraction, but the mechanism for this vasodilatory action is unknown. This study examines the effect of insulin on angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced increments in cytosolic calcium in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). 20-min incubations with insulin (10 microU/ml to 100 mU/ml) did not alter basal intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), but inhibited the response to 100 nM ANG II in a dose-dependent manner (ANG II alone, 721 +/- 54 vs. ANG II + 100 mU/ml insulin, 315 +/- 35 nM, P < 0.01). A similar effect of insulin on ANG II action was observed in calcium poor buffer. Moreover, insulin did not effect calcium influx. ANG II receptor density and affinity were not affected by 24-h incubation with insulin. To further clarify the mechanisms of these observations, we measured ANG II-induced production of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3), and IP3-releasable 45Ca. Insulin treatment did not alter ANG II-stimulated IP3 production. However, IP3-stimulated release of 45Ca in digitonin permeabilized cells was significantly reduced after 5-min incubations with 100 mU/ml insulin. Thapsigargin induced release of calcium stores was also blocked by insulin. Thus, insulin attenuates ANG II-stimulated [Ca2+]i primarily by altering IP3-releasable calcium stores. Insulin effects on ANG II-induced [Ca2+]i were mimicked by preincubation of VSMC with either sodium nitroprusside or 8-bromo-cGMP. As elevations in cGMP in vascular tissue lower [Ca2+]i, it is possible that insulin affects IP3 release of calcium by a cGMP-dependent mechanism that would contribute to its vasodilatory effects.
Leukemia and Radium Groundwater Contamination-Reply
Authors: Gary H. Lyman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  We share the concerns expressed by Dr Wishart that any risk of leukemia associated with radium water contamination must be kept in perspective. In Florida, the leukemia incidence of nine cases per 100,000 person-years compares with 91 cases for lung cancer and 481 cases for all types of cancer, with perhaps one third of these directly related to tobacco use. The importance of leukemia studies, however, often exceeds what is suggested by only paying attention to case numbers. As addressed in our article, the choice of leukemia for this study was based on its recognized association with radiation and the relatively short latency period from exposure to disease onset. While these factors may have permitted the measurement of an effect, the results could improve our understanding of environmental carcinogenesis and the cause of more common malignancies.  It is puzzling that Dr Wishart criticizes interim recommendations regarding existing contamination
A Long-Term Follow-up Study of Patients with Post-Poliomyelitis Neuromuscular Symptoms
Authors: Marinos C. Dalakas, Gregory Elder, Mark Hallett, John Ravits, Michael Baker, Nicholas Papadopoulos, Paul Albrecht, John Sever
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

A "post-polio" syndrome characterized by new neuromuscular symptoms, including muscle weakness, may develop years after recovery from acute paralytic poliomyelitis. We studied 27 patients (mean age, 50.6 years) in whom new muscle weakness developed a mean of 28.8 years after recovery from acute polio. We reevaluated these patients during a mean follow-up period of 8.2 years (range, 4.5 to 20) after they were originally studied at the National Institutes of Health. The total mean follow-up period after the onset of new weakness was 12.2 years (range, 6 to 29). The patients were assessed with quantitative muscle testing, muscle biopsy, electromyography, and virologic and immunologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. Muscle strength had declined in all patients. The rate of decline averaged 1 percent per year. The decrease was irregular, with subjective plateau periods that ranged from 1 to 10 years. None of the patients had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Oligoclonal bands (IgG) were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of 7 of 13 patients studied, but no specific elevation of antibodies to poliovirus was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The newly affected muscles that were evaluated longitudinally with follow-up muscle biopsies and electromyography showed signs of chronic and new denervation. Groups of atrophic muscle fibers (group atrophy) and "neurogenic jitter" were not present. New post-polio muscle weakness is not a life-threatening form of motor-neuron deterioration. It appears that this weakness is not due to a loss of whole motor neurons, as in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but that it is due to a dysfunction of the surviving motor neurons that causes a slow disintegration of the terminals of individual nerve axons.
A Reliable Method of Single-Pass Endoscopic Gastrostomy Replacement
Authors: M. B. Frenz, P. Heinsohn, G. Siuda, S. P. Travis
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding has become a well-established method of enteral feeding. Many patients undergo long-term feeding and require tube changes during this period. The preferred method of button-PEG tube replacement is via the endoscopic route, which requires the endoscope to be passed twice. Patients are sedated relatively heavily and re-intubation can be difficult. We describe a simple and reliable method of combined bumper and PEG tube removal.
Telomere length identifies two different prognostic subgroups among VH-unmutated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
Authors: I Ricca, A Rocci, D Drandi, R Francese, M Compagno, C Lobetti Bodoni, F De Marco, M Astolfi, L Monitillo, S Vallet, R Calvi, F Ficara, P Omedè, R Rosato, A Gallamini, C Marinone, L Bergui, M Boccadoro, C Tarella, M Ladetto
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Zoledronic Acid Risks
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reversible Mesenteric Artery Stenoses Due to Methysergide Maleate
Authors: Richard E. Buenger
Journal: JAMA (1966)

COMPLICATIONS of methysergide maleate therapy for headache have been found to be numerous in both unexplained symptomatology and in a demonstrable form of fibrosis, with its effect on the various structures passing through the involved areas.<sup>1-4</sup>The fibrotic complications have been found by most authors to be a result of, or at least accompanied by, a profound arteritis.<sup>1</sup>Much of the unexplained symptomatology has been attributed to unproven vascular spasm because of the known vasoconstrictive properties of methysergide and the prompt relief of symptoms and observable diminution of circulatory deficiencies (particularly in the extremities) upon withdrawal of the drug.<sup>5-7</sup>The sequence of early arteritis with spasm progressing to irreversible arteritis and regional fibrosis is intriguing, but unproven. That vascular spasm may play a continuing role in late stages of the process is suspected by the usual improvement and frequent recovery from even advanced fibrotic processes if the
In 85-year-old adults, MMSE predicted 5-year risk for first stroke better than Framingham score
Authors: David Tirschwell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Sabayan B, Gussekloo J, de Ruijter W, Westendorp RG, de Craen AJ. Framingham stroke risk score and cognitive impairment for predicting first-time stroke in the oldest old. Stroke. 2013;44:1866-71. 23686982
Pityriasis lichenoides chronica: good response to photodynamic therapy
Authors: M. Fernández-Guarino, A. Harto, M.E. Reguero-Callejas, S. Urrutia, P. Jaén
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, A 60‐year‐old woman was readmitted for treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT). She had been diagnosed with pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) by cutaneous biopsy 6 months previously (Fig. 1). She had been treated with topical steroids and topical calcipotriol without any improvement in her condition. Physical examination revealed 15 erythematous, desquamative and well‐demarcated papules (1–2 cm in diameter) with a central micaceous scale, in different locations over the body – arms, trunk and legs (Fig. 2). We occluded each lesion with methyl aminolaevulinic acid over a 3‐h period. We took clinical and fluorescence photographs with Wood’s light before the PDT treatment; the lesions in this patient did not show any fluorescence. We then used a pulsed dye laser, 595 nm, as a light source (subpurpuric doses: 6 ms, 9 J cm−2, 7 mm), one pulse for each lesion. The patient did not suffer any discomfort during the treatment. After only one session, the lesions cleared without any crusting, erythema, oedema or pain (Fig. 3). After 5 months the lesions completely cleared and the patient is very satisfied with the treatment.
Electrical and freeze-fracture analysis of the effects of ionic cadmium on cell membranes of human proximal tubule cells.
Authors: D J Hazen-Martin, J H Todd, M A Sens, W Khan, J E Bylander, B J Smyth, D A Sens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

We previously reported that cell cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells respond to ionic cadmium in a manner consistent with well-defined Cd(2+)-elicited responses reported for in vivo systems. However, one unique finding was that the transepithelial electrical resistance and tight junction sealing strands were altered as a result of Cd2+ exposure at micromolar concentrations. These alterations are reexamined in detail in the present report to determine whether the Cd(2+)-induced alterations are specific alterations in the tight junction structure or reflect a general alteration in the cell membrane. Exhaustive analysis of tight junction sealing strands demonstrated no significant alterations due to Cd2+ exposure, even at the concentration that elicited a significant reduction in transepithelial resistance. Further analysis of intramembrane particle distribution demonstrated a significant increase in apical intramembrane particles, indicating that Cd2+ exposure altered the characteristics of the apical cell membrane. Overall, the results were consistent with evidence of Cd(2+)-induced alteration in the apical cell membrane of the HPT cell.
Telomere Maintenance and DNA Damage Responses during Lung Carcinogenesis
Authors: Sylvie Lantuejoul, Christophe Raynaud, Dimitri Salameire, Sylvie Gazzeri, Denis Moro-Sibilot, Jean-Charles Soria, Christian Brambilla, Elizabeth Brambilla
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Telomere shortening is an early event in bronchial carcinogenesis, preceding P53/Rb pathway inactivation and telomerase reactivation, and leading to DNA damage responses (DDR). As their inactivation in cancer increases genetic instability, our objective was to identify the chronology of telomere machinery critical events for malignant progression. Experimental Design: We have evaluated telomere length by fluorescence in situ hybridization and analyzed DDR proteins p-CHK2, p-ATM, and p-H2AX, and telomeric maintenance proteins TRF1 and TRF2 expression by immunohistochemistry in normal bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium, and in 109 bronchial preneoplastic lesions, in comparison with 32 squamous invasive carcinoma (SCC), and in 27 atypical alveolar hyperplasia (AAH) in comparison with 6 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS; formerly bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma) and 24 invasive adenocarcinoma (ADC). Results: Telomere length critically shortened at bronchial metaplasia stage to increase gradually from dysplasia to invasive SCC; in bronchiolo-alveolar lesions, telomere length decreased from normal to AIS and increased from stage I to II to stage III to IV ADC. Expression of TRF1 and TRF2 increased progressively from dysplasia to SCC and from AAH to invasive ADC. The expression of concomitant DDR proteins increased significantly from low- to high-grade dysplasia and from AAH to AIS and stage I to II ADC. P-CHK2 and p-H2AX expressions were highly correlated and both decreased, along with p-ATM, in SCC and advanced ADC. Conclusion: Telomere attrition occurs at the earliest stage of lung carcinogenesis as an initiating event, preceding TRF1 and TRF2 overexpression for telomere stabilization. In contrast, dismiss of DDR, through p-H2AX and p-CHK2 downregulation, represents a late progressing event associated with SCC and ADC progression. Clin Cancer Res; 16(11); 2979–88. ©2010 AACR.