tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Statins cut cardiovascular events by a quarter in people with diabetes
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Statin treatment reduces major coronary events, revascularisations, and stroke by nearly a quarter in people with diabetes regardless of whether they have occlusive arterial disease or raised cholesterol. This was the finding from a major study published last week.



Professor Rory Collins



The Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation heart protection study randomly allocated 5973 UK adults (aged 40–80 years) with a history of diabetes-90% with type 2 diabetes and …
Immunomodulatory drugs for psoriasis
Authors: W.-H. Boehncke
Journal: BMJ (2003)

6 Should strategies found to be (just) effective in one type of setting be so easily recommended in an entirely different milieu?Concerns over the feasibility and effectiveness of partner notification for sexually transmitted infections in resource poor settings are compounded by the relative lack of specificity of many diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections in these settings.In the absence of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools at low cost, providers rely on approaches that may result in relatively high levels of overdiagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, especially in women. 7Although these approaches may sometimes be justified in public health terms, should they be the basis for recommending management of partners if we are not sure that the individual known as the index patient is truly infected?Partner notification has come a long way since its inception in the 19th century but has much further to go in terms of knowing what is effective in resource poor settings.While many studies concentrate on the issue of effectiveness before considering allocation of resources, it is time to build on the findings of this review and carry out methodologically sound trials to determine what is appropriate and acceptable to individuals in a variety of resource poor communities.This should be the first step in deciding whether partner notification is justified for programmes to control sexually transmitted infections globally.
Ego Development and Self-Esteem in Diabetic Adolescents
Authors: Stuart T Hauser, Daniel Pollets, Barbara L Turner, Alan Jacobson, Sally Powers, Gil Noam
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

This study explores the impact of diabetes mellitus upon aspects of adolescent development. Using specific assessment techniques and interviews, we followed ego development and self-esteem variables. Clinical considerations suggest that both personality dimensions are important for the understanding of diabetic adolescents. The significance of ego development is implied in many case reports, which note the disruption in individual coping that frequently follows the onset of diabetes. Clinical observations and empirical studies have also commented upon diminished self-esteem in diabetic patients. Our sample consisted of male and female diabetic adolescents, whose average age was 13. All patients completed Loevinger's sentence completion test of ego development and the Coopersmith self-esteem inventory. Previous studies have indicated favorable reliability and validity for both instruments. A subgroup of the sample was also interviewed. The ego development and self-esteem scores were contrasted with two groups of similar age adolescents who had previously completed these same tests, and a control group. The diabetic adolescents were clearly at lower levels of ego development than the nondiabetic groups. These lower stages were not correlated with duration of illness. A second finding was that the boys were at lower levels of ego development than the girls, regardless of age or illness duration. Self-esteem scores were associated with both illness duration and ego development. Subjects at the lowest levels of ego development also had the lowest self-esteem. Study of the interviews revealed that the patients at these lower ego development levels manifested concrete, more stereotyped, and resigned responses than those patients at the higher ego development stages.
Abstract 1416: Development and initial evaluation of the antitumor activity of a functionalized benzophenone thiosemicarbazone inhibitor of cathepsin L
Authors: Mary Lynn Trawick, Kevin G. Pinney, David J. Chaplin, Michael R. Horsman, Gustavo E. Chavarria, Wara M. Arispe, G. D. Kishore Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The discovery of new chemotherapeutic strategies for inhibiting the growth and spread of cancer represents an important goal in the effort to enhance both cancer patient quality of life and survival. Cysteine cathepsins are a family of lysosomal proteases that are often upregulated in a variety of cancers and have been implicated in key processes in cancer progression. Our focus has centered on the development of novel non-peptidic inhibitors of cathepsin L. Small molecule inhibitors of the cysteine protease cathepsin L have the potential to limit degradation of extracellular matrix in the normal tissue surrounding the tumor thus retarding cancer metastasis. It has also been established that cathepsin L is involved in blood vessel development and thus inhibitors have the potential to suppress tumor growth and dissemination through an antiangiogenic effect. We have recently reported the synthesis of a series of functionalized benzophenone, thiophene, pyridine, and fluorene thiosemicarbazone derivatives several of which are potent inhibitors of cathepsin L with activity in the nM range while exhibiting IC50 values greater than 10 micromolar for cathepsin B. In addition, selected compounds were found to inhibit the migration, and invasion of DU-145 prostate cancer cells through Matrigel. Initial evaluation of the in vivo activity of the lead compound, designated KGP94, has been undertaken in a C3H mammary carcinoma. We have evaluated the effects of five daily doses of 20 mg/kg given to mice with treatment initiated either on the day of tumor inoculation or once the tumors reached 200 mm3 in size. Results to date indicate significant growth retardation is achieved against recently implanted and established tumors. Based on these encouraging results further work with this compound is ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1416. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1416
High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the anal sphincter using an internal coil.
Authors: N M deSouza, W A Kmiot, R Puni, A S Hall, M Burl, C I Bartram, G M Bydder
Journal: Gut (1995)

An internal receiver coil was used to obtain high resolution transverse and oblique coronal magnetic resonance images of the anal sphincter in five normal volunteers and five patients. The internal sphincter had a high signal intensity on T1 weighted, T2 weighted, and STIR sequences whereas the conjoined longitudinal muscle and external sphincter had a low signal intensity. The internal sphincter (but not the external sphincter) showed contrast enhancement after administration of intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine. The oblique coronal plane was particularly useful for showing the thickness and the relations of the external sphincter. Sphincteric abscesses as well as muscle defects, hypertrophy, and atrophy were clearly shown. The coil was well tolerated by most subjects. It has considerable potential for improving the diagnosis of anorectal disease.
Hb J Meerut, a fast‐moving hemoglobin—a study of seven cases from India and a review of literature
Authors: Upendra Srinivas, Manoranjan Mahapatra, H.P. Pati
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Fast‐moving hemoglobins (FMH) are rare abnormal hemoglobin variants which migrate anodal to hemoglobin A on alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. Only five cases of Hb J Meerut, an α variant FMH, have been reported so far. We here report seven cases. Am. J. Hematol. 82: 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
<i>LRRK2</i>G2019S as a Cause of Parkinson's Disease in North African Arabs
Authors: Suzanne Lesage, Alexandra Dürr, Meriem Tazir, Ebba Lohmann, Anne-Louise Leutenegger, Sabine Janin, Pierre Pollak, Alexis Brice
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: Parkinson's disease is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, a good response to levodopa, an...
Clinical Significance of Duodenal Erosions
Authors: R. Cheli, A. Giacosa, E. Bovero
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

In 2436 duodenoscopies performed in 1979-1980, 142 cases of duodenal erosions were found. In 68% of the cases erosions were autonomous, while in the remaining 32% they were associated with peptic ulcer. Either autonomous or associated erosions were mainly present in males with prevalence of the 4th, 5th and 6th decades of life. Moreover, autumn and spring were the most common times of appearance. With respect to symptomatology, 125 cases complained of dyspepsia with a prevalence of ulcer-like symptoms in both autonomous and associated erosions: in the remaining 17 patients hematemesis and melena were the main symptoms. The intake of alcohol and of coffee, as well as the smoking habit did not reveal any particular pattern in these cases, while the association with recent consumption of potentially mucolytic drugs was frequent. In addition, the last 38 cases of autonomous duodenal erosions were studied from the anatomo-functional point of view, revealing the presence of normochlorhydria in 42%, hyperchlorhydria in 47% and hypochlorhydria in 11%: in contrast, fasting gastrinemia was always within normal limits. The histological evaluation of the fundic mucosa showed normal patterns in 71% of the cases, superficial gastritis in 18%, and preatrophic gastritis in 11%. The parietal index was normal in 42% of the cases, high in 47% and low in 11%. The results would seem to suggest that duodenal erosions should be included in the wide spectrum of peptic pathology.
Human seminal clusterin (SP-40,40). Isolation and characterization.
Authors: M K O'Bryan, H W Baker, J R Saunders, L Kirszbaum, I D Walker, P Hudson, D Y Liu, M D Glew, A J d'Apice, B F Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Molecular cloning of the human complement inhibitor SP-40,40, has revealed strong homology to a major rat and ram Sertoli cell product, sulfated glycoprotein-2, known also as clusterin. This study reports the purification and characterization of human seminal clusterin. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed charge differences between clusterin purified from semen and the serum-derived material. Both preparations demonstrate comparable hemagglutination (clustering) activity and inhibition of C5b-6 initiated hemolysis. The average clusterin concentration in normal seminal plasma is considerably higher than that found in serum. Mean seminal plasma clusterin concentrations were significantly lower in azoospermia caused by obstruction or seminiferous tubule failure than with oligospermia or normospermia. Only men with vasal agenesis had undetectable seminal clusterin, suggesting that some of the seminal clusterin is produced by the seminal vesicles. Immunofluorescence of human spermatozoa revealed that clusterin was detected on 10% of spermatozoa, predominantly those that were immature or had abnormal morphology. A pilot study of 25 patients suggests that seminal clusterin concentration, together with sperm motility and morphology, is correlated with the fertilization rate in vitro. The function of seminal clusterin is unknown. Its extensive distribution in the male genital tract and its high concentration in seminal plasma suggests an important role in male fertility.
Detection of antibodies against hepatitis B virus polymerase antigen in hepatitis B virus-infected patients
Authors: Lung-Ji Chang, Jules Dienstag, Don Ganem, Harold Varmus
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

By the use of a truncated recombinant hepatitis B virus polymerase antigen, we have characterized a series of patient sera for anti-hepatitis B virus polymerase antibodies. Seven of 54 (13%) had antipolymerase antibodies detectable by Western blot analysis, and no close correlation was apparent between the disease status and patient’s immune response against hepatitis B virus polymerase antigen. Our results indicate that serologic responses to the viral polymerase are demonstrable but suggest that such antibodies are not likely to be clinically useful as diagnostic or prognostic markers of infection.
Formation of biliary thrombi in protoporphrin-induced cholestasis in perfused rat liver
Authors: Malcolm M. Berenson, Cathy Gunther, Wade S. Samowitz, David J. Bjorkman
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The effect of bile acids on the formation of biliary thrombi in protoporphyrin-induced cholestasis was determined by perfusing isolated rat livers with taurocholate, chenodeoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate with and without protoporphyrin. Protoporphyrin-induced reduction of bile flow was similar in the presence of each bile acid. The cholestasis was greater at high doses (2,000 to 10,885 nmol) than at low doses (1,500 nmol) of protoporphyrin, unrelated to the amount of lactate dehydrogenase released into the perfusate, and it was not altered by increasing bile acid infusions. Bile acid excretion was inhibited by high protoporphyrin doses. Periportal birefringent pigment deposits were seen in canaliculi and ductules when the biliary protoporphyrin concentration exceeded 161 nmol/ml, 345 nmol/ml and 1,036 nmol/ml for ursodeoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate and taurocholate, respectively; or, when the protoporphyrin (nanomole) to bile acid (micromole) ratio exceeded 3.23, 7.03 and 23.43, respectively. The maximal ratio of ductular deposits to portal tract deposits examined was 0.9. Electron microscopy showed these deposits were associated with canalicular thrombi. Thus, biliary thrombi were produced by infusion of bile acids and protoporphyrin. The occurrence of thrombi varied with bile acid structure. Explanations for this finding are speculative. The presence of periportal thrombi, however, did not influence the degree of functional cholestasis.
Drosophila CPEB Orb2A Mediates Memory Independent of Its RNA-Binding Domain
Authors: Sebastian Krüttner, Barbara Stepien, Jasprina N. Noordermeer, Mieke A. Mommaas, Karl Mechtler, Barry J. Dickson, Krystyna Keleman
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Long-term memory and synaptic plasticity are thought to require the synthesis of new proteins at activated synapses. The CPEB family of RNA binding proteins, including Drosophila Orb2, has been implicated in this process. The precise mechanism by which these molecules regulate memory formation is however poorly understood. We used gene targeting and site-specific transgenesis to specifically modify the endogenous orb2 gene in order to investigate its role in long-term memory formation. We show that the Orb2A and Orb2B isoforms, while both essential, have distinct functions in memory formation. These two isoforms have common glutamine-rich and RNA-binding domains, yet Orb2A uniquely requires the former and Orb2B the latter. We further show that Orb2A induces Orb2 complexes in a manner dependent upon both its glutamine-rich region and neuronal activity. We propose that Orb2B acts as a conventional CPEB to regulate transport and/or translation of specific mRNAs, whereas Orb2A acts in an unconventional manner to form stable Orb2 complexes that are essential for memory to persist.
Penicillin-Resistant Gonococcal Arthritis
Authors: RENEE Z. RINALDI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Complicated and disseminated gonococcal infections caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae are beginning to be reported. We describe four patients with gonococcal septic arthritis in whom penicillinaseproducing gonococci were isolated from joint fluid. These cases responded to antibiotic therapy that was known to be effective against penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae.
Atypical Pneumonia in Young Men with Rhinovirus Infections
Authors: RONALD B. GEORGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Atypical pneumonia was found in 20 military trainees with types 1A, 1B, 2, 29, and 30 rhinovirus infections who were hospitalized at Keesler Air Force Base, Miss., from 1962 to 1966. Diagnosis was based on recovery of viruses and neutralizing antibody responses during the course of the illness. Infection by other known agents was not present as determined by a variety of isolation and serologic procedures. Clinical features were similar to those observed in other atypical pneumonias in military personnel. Cough, fever, and substernal chest pain were common presenting complaints, and upper respiratory symptoms were often present. White blood cell counts ranged from 6,500 to 18,300/mm3. The X-ray appearance was that of a localized bronchopneumonia, usually involving one or more segments of a lower lobe; infiltrates sometimes shifted from one area to another during the period of observation. Duration of illness was approximately 1 week and was not influenced by treatment with antibiotics. These findings indicate that rhinoviruses should be included among the causes of atypical pneumonia in adults.
Acceleration of Gastric Tumorigenesis Through MKRN1-Mediated Posttranslational Regulation of p14ARF
Authors: Aram Ko, Ji-Young Shin, Jinho Seo, Kang-Duck Lee, Eun-Woo Lee, Min-Sik Lee, Han-Woong Lee, Il-Ju Choi, Jin Sook Jeong, Kyung-Hee Chun, Jaewhan Song
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

We investigated whether Makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1), an E3 ligase, affects p14ARF-associated cellular senescence and tumorigenesis by posttranslational modification in gastric tumorigenesis.A link between MKRN1 and ARF was examined in MKRN1 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and in human fibroblasts and gastric cancer cells by silencing MKRN1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation assays were used to assess p14ARF degradation associated with MKRN1. MKRN1 and p14ARF expression levels were analyzed with immunohistochemistry in malignant and normal tissues from gastric cancer patients and with χ(2) tests. The tumor growth of gastric cancer cells stably expressing MKRN1 shRNA, p14ARF shRNA, or both was examined in mouse xenograft models (n = 4-6) and analyzed with unpaired t tests. All statistical tests were two-sided.MKRN1 knockout MEFs exhibited premature senescence and growth retardation with increased p19ARF protein expression. Similar results were obtained for human fibroblasts or gastric cancer cell lines by MKRN1 knockdown. Biochemical analyses confirmed that MKRN1 targets p14ARF for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation. A statistically significant association was shown between MKRN1 overexpression and p14ARF underexpression (P = .016). Xenograft analyses using p53-functional AGS or -dysfunctional SNU601 cells displayed statistically significant tumor growth retardation by silencing MKRN1, which was reversed under depletion of p14ARF (AGS cells, MKRN1 knockdown tumors vs MKRN1 and p14ARF knockdown tumors: 164.6 vs 464.8mm(3), difference = 300.2mm(3), 95% CI = 189.1 to 411.3mm(3), P < .001).We demonstrated that MKRN1 functions as a novel E3 ligase of p14ARF and that it potentially regulates cellular senescence and tumorigenesis in gastric cancer.
Platelet Hyperaggregability and Thrombosis in Patients with Thrombocythemia
Authors: KENNETH KUN-YU WU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

The relation between platelet hyperaggregability and thrombosis was assessed in 28 patients with thrombocythemia due to myeloproliferative diseases and 11 with reactive thrombocytosis. None of the patients with reactive thrombocytosis had thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications, but thrombosis was noted in seven patients and bleeding in two patients with thrombocythemia. Nineteen were asymptomatic. In patients with thrombosis, bleeding time, platelet glass retention, and clot retraction were normal, but evidence of platelet hyperaggregability was present in all but one. Serial studies on six patients revealed a close association between platelet hyperaggregability and ischemic attacks. Neither patient with bleeding complications had evidence of platelet hyperaggregability, although poor platelet function was found in one. Platelet function in asymptomatic patients can be classified as hyperactive, hypoactive, or normal.
Reviews and Notes: Emergency Medicine: Infectious Disease in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Diane M. Birnbaumer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 March 1994Reviews and Notes: Emergency Medicine: Infectious Disease in Emergency MedicineDiane M. BirnbaumerDiane M. BirnbaumerHarbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00045 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Infectious Disease in Emergency MedicineJudith C. Brillman and Ronald W. Quenzer; eds. 951 pages. Boston: Little, Brown; 1992. $150.00.Second only to trauma, infections make up the most common reason for which patients seek emergency care. It is a challenge for the emergency physician to be able to recognize the wide range in clinical presentation of infectious diseases in patients of all ages and circumstances. In light of this demand, a good general reference on infectious diseases geared toward the emergency physician is essential. This textbook meets that need.This multiauthor text is generally well written, and most chapters ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 5Page: 447KeywordsEmergency medicineFeversInfectious diseasesPatientsPopulation statisticsRashes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
FURTHER EXPERIENCE OF VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION FOR PREVENTION OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECT RECURRENCES
Authors: R.W. Smithells, M.J. Seller, R. Harris, D.W. Fielding, C.J. Schorah, N.C. Nevin, S. Sheppard, A.P. Read, S. Walker, J. Wild
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Results and Benefits of a Maternal Serum α-Fetoprotein Screening Program
Authors: Aubrey Milunsky
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Maternal serum α-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening was offered in a private suburban practice to 21,000 nondiabetic and 442 diabetic women with apparently normal pregnancies. Using 2.5 or greater multiples of the median as the normal upper limit, 249 (1.2%) had a raised MSAFP level. There were 25 neural tube defects (NTDs) (1.2/1,000 births); 18 were detected by screening and two by ultrasound scanning. Three had closed spina bifida lesions. Two had anencephaly with normal MSAFP levels, but were studied at more than 24 weeks' gestation. An additional 13 with raised MSAFP levels had other congenital defects. One in 400 women screened had a recommended amniocentesis; 26.4% of them had a fetus with an NTD or major malformation. Our detection efficiency before 24 weeks' gestation for anencephaly was 85.7% (12/14), 62.5% (5/8) for open<i>and</i>closed spina bifida, and 1/1 for encephalocele. A raised MSAFP level occurred in ten (2.3%) of the 442 diabetic women, four (0.9%) of whom had a fetus with an open NTS. A screening program should be established only where there is<i>linked</i>excellent interdisciplinary support among obstetrician, laboratory, clinical geneticist, ultrasonographer, and an identified program coordinator. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:1438-1442)