tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SCID mice containing muscle with human mitochondrial DNA mutations. An animal model for mitochondrial DNA defects.
Authors: K M Clark, D J Watt, R N Lightowlers, M A Johnson, J B Relvas, J W Taanman, D M Turnbull
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Defects of the mitochondrial genome are important causes of disease. Despite major advances in our investigation of patients, there is no effective therapy. Progress in this area is limited by the absence of any animal models in which we can evaluate treatment. To develop such a model we have injected human myoblasts into the tibialis anterior of SCID mice after inducing necrosis. After injection of normal human myoblasts, regenerating fibers expressed human beta-spectrin, confirming they were derived from fusion of human myoblasts. The stability of the muscle fibers was inferred by demonstrating the formation of motor end plates on the regenerating fibers. In addition, we show the presence of human cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, which is encoded by the mitochondrial genome, in the regenerated fibers. After injection of human myoblasts containing either the A8344G or the T8993C heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations, human beta-spectrin positive fibers were found to contain the mutation at a similar level to the injected myoblasts. These studies highlight the potential value of this model for the study of mitochondrial DNA defects.
Psychiatric Aspects of Patients with HIV Infection in the General Hospital
Authors: Ayuso Mateos, Bayon Perez, Santo-Domingo Carrasco, J. de Salas, Jimenez de Azcarate, D. Olivares
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

The study describes the psychiatric disorders found in 100 HIV-positive patients, in different stages of the illness, at the psychiatric consultation service of a general hospital in Madrid. Eighty-five percent of the sample fell within the intravenous drug addicts risk group, which coincides with the epidemiological characteristics of Spain's HIV-positive population. The most frequently noted psychiatric diagnosis was substance dependence disorder (41%), followed by organic mental disorder (29%), adjustment disorder (15%), and affective disorder (5%). Fifteen percent of the subjects had depressive symptoms, and 11 % expressed suicidal ideation. A follow-up conducted on part of the sample showed a development towards dementia, emphasizing diagnostic difficulties in the initial evaluation of these patients.
Prostate Cancer Risk and Vitamin E
Authors: Sumedh S. Hoskote, Girish N. Nadkarni, Ethan D. Fried
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Treatment of Cytomegalovirus in AIDS — More Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Martin S. Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

TWO drugs, ganciclovir and foscarnet, are currently licensed for use in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, one of the most common and devastating afflictions of persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ganciclovir, when converted in infected cells to its triphosphate form, inhibits the DNA polymerase of CMV and other herpesviruses. Its primary toxic effect is granulocytopenia, making it difficult to administer ganciclovir together with optimal doses of zidovudine, the mainstay of antiretroviral therapy. Foscarnet inhibits not only the DNA polymerase of CMV and other herpesviruses, but also the reverse transcriptase of HIV and the replication of HIV . . .
Occupational contact urticaria from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin
Authors: L. Kanerva, M. Pelttari, R. Jolanki, K. Alanko, T. Estlander, R. Suhonen
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Epoxy resin (ER) is a common cause of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), but contact urticaria from ER is very rare. Methods and Results: A plastic‐product worker first developed ACD from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin, and subsequent exposure resulted half a year later in contact urticaria: first with edema of the lips and eyelids, and later an urticarial reaction on the upper chest, with strong swelling of the eyelids and tightness of the throat. The diagnosis was based on a positive skin prick test to his “own” ER compound, a positive prick test reaction to DGEBA, and a positive skin provocation test with the ER compound and DGEBA. The contact urticaria test reaction was strongly aggravated when the allergen was wiped off with an alcohol solution, apparently because the solution enhanced the penetration of the allergen. Conclusions: Our case is of interest, first, because contact urticaria from ER is very rare, and second, because this is the second report in which a strongly intensified contact urticaria reaction was provoked by an alcohol solution. We suggest that if the contact urticaria provocation test with low‐molecular‐weight chemicals is negative, a contact urticaria provocation test with alcohol (CUPTA) should be performed.
Statins and Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Daniel G. Hackam, Mark Woodward, L. Kristin Newby, Deepak L. Bhatt, Mingyuan Shao, Eric E. Smith, Allan Donner, Muhammad Mamdani, James D. Douketis, Hisatomi Arima, John Chalmers, Stephen MacMahon, David L. Tirschwell, Bruce M. Psaty, Cheryl D. Bushnell, Maria I. Aguilar, Dan J. Capampangan, David J. Werring, Paola De Rango, Anand Viswanathan, Nicolas Danchin, Ching-Lan Cheng, Yea-Huei Kao Yang, B. Marianne Verdel, Mei-Shu Lai, James Kennedy, Shinichiro Uchiyama, Takenori Yamaguchi, Yasuo Ikeda, Marko Mrkobrada
Journal: Circulation (2011)

A recent large, randomized trial suggested that statins may increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Accordingly, we systematically reviewed the association of statins with intracerebral hemorrhage in randomized and observational data.We screened 17 electronic bibliographic databases to identify eligible studies and consulted with experts in the field. We used DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models to compute summary risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Randomized trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies were analyzed separately. Only adjusted risk estimates were used for pooling observational data. We included published and unpublished data from 23 randomized trials and 19 observational studies. The complete data set comprised 248 391 patients and 14 784 intracerebral hemorrhages. Statins were not associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in randomized trials (risk ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-1.41), cohort studies (risk ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.10), or case-control studies (risk ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.88). Substantial statistical heterogeneity was evident for the case-control studies (I(2)=66%, P=0.01), but not for the cohort studies (I(2)=0%, P=0.48) or randomized trials (I(2)=30%, P=0.09). Sensitivity analyses by study design features, patient characteristics, or magnitude of cholesterol lowering did not materially alter the results.We found no evidence that statins were associated with intracerebral hemorrhage; if such a risk is present, its absolute magnitude is likely to be small and outweighed by the other cardiovascular benefits of these drugs.
Interpretation of the breath hydrogen profile obtained after ingesting a solid meal containing unabsorbable carbohydrate.
Authors: N W Read, M N Al-Janabi, T E Bates, A M Holgate, P A Cann, R I Kinsman, A McFarlane, C Brown
Journal: Gut (1985)

The extent to which monitoring breath hydrogen excretion provides information concerning the entry of the residues of a solid test meal into the colon was investigated in 89 normal subjects, and 11 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. The profile of breath hydrogen concentration showed an early peak, that occurred soon after ingesting the test meal in 89% subjects. This was followed by a later more prolonged rise in breath hydrogen concentration. The early peak occurred well before a radioactive marker, incorporated in the test meal, reached the caecum and the data suggest it was predominantly caused by the emptying of the remnants of the previous meal from the ileum into the colon. This hypothesis was supported by direct measurements of the rate of delivery of ileostomy effluent in 12 subjects with terminal ileostomies. Fermentation of carbohydrate in the mouth may, however, contribute to the initial peak, but this contribution may be avoided by collecting gas samples from the nares. The secondary rise in breath hydrogen excretion was closely correlated with the arrival of the radioactive marker in the caecum (r = 0.91), p less than 0.001), though the time, at which the secondary peak of breath hydrogen excretion occurred was poorly correlated with the time that all the radioactive test meal had entered the colon. When lactulose was infused directly into the colon, as little as 0.5 g produced a discernible hydrogen response, which occurred within two minutes of the infusion. Increasing the rate of colonic infusion of a 50 ml solution of 10% lactulose from 0.02 to 0.15 g/min in five subjects significantly increased the breath hydrogen concentration. At infusion rates below 0.075 g lactulose/minute, the peak breath hydrogen response preceded the end ot the infusion, while at higher rates of infusion, the peak hydrogen response occurred after the end of the infusion. Although these results confirmed that monitoring breath hydrogen concentration usefully signalled the time taken for a meal containing unabsorbed carbohydrate to reach the colon, it did not reliably indicate the time when all of the meal had entered the colon. Finally, the use of the maximum increase in breath hydrogen concentration as an index of the degree of carbohydrate malabsorption assumes uniform rates of entry into the colon.
Load independence of the rate of isovolumic relaxation in man.
Authors: M R Starling, D G Montgomery, G B Mancini, R A Walsh
Journal: Circulation (1987)

This investigation was designed to determine whether the rate of isovolumic left ventricular pressure decline is affected by load in man. Fourteen patients were instrumented with micromanometer left ventricular and right atrial pacing catheters to maintain a constant heart rate during control conditions and infusion of methoxamine or nitroprusside. The isovolumic relaxation period was defined as the time from peak (-)dP/dt to 5 mm Hg above left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of the following beat. The rate of isovolumic relaxation was calculated as time constants (Tau) from the linear regression of natural log pressure vs time (Tln) and instantaneous (-)dP/dt vs pressure (TD), which includes a variable asymptote (PB). The mean heart rates and average (+)dP/dt values normalized at 40 mm Hg development pressure (DP40) did not differ significantly, despite 33% and 43% increases in left ventricular peak and end-diastolic pressures during the infusion of methoxamine (p less than .001 and p less than .01, respectively) and 24% and 29% decreases during the infusion of nitroprusside (p less than .001 and p less than .01, respectively). The average Tln and TD values were not significantly affected by these alterations in load. In two patients, an inverse linear relationship was demonstrated between decreases in Tau and increases in contractile state produced by an infusion of dobutamine, as shown by correlation of Tln and TD with (+)dP/dt/DP40 (r = -.88 and -.83, respectively). We conclude that the time constants of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation are unaffected by modest alterations in loading conditions in man when heart rate is maintained constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Precautions in Medical Care of, and in Handling Materials from, Patients with Transmissible Virus Dementia (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)
Authors: D. Carleton Gajdusek, Clarence J. Gibbs, David M. Asher, Paul Brown, Arwin Diwan, Paul Hoffman, George Nemo, Robert Rohwer, Lon White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Abstract We have formulated a series of precautions to be observed in caring for patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in handling their tissues. The virus resists inactivation by simple boiling in water. Also ineffective are 10 per cent formalin, 70 per cent alcohol and ionizing and ultraviolet radiation. Autoclaving for one hour at 121 °C and 20 psi inactivates the agent completely. Five per cent hypochlorite, 0.03 per cent permanganate, pnenolics and iodine solutions are adequate disinfectants inactivating large infective doses of the virus. Special isolation wards for afflicted patients seem unwarranted. Workers exposed to infected saliva, nasopharyngeal secretions, urine or feces need to and should wash thoroughly with ordinary soap. Needles and needle electrodes should be autoclaved or incinerated and discarded. Demented persons should not be used for donations of blood or other tissues. Although precautions are necessary, the epidemiologic evidence does not suggest an unusual risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease for medical workers. (N Engl J Med 297:1253–1258, 1977)
Abstract 3408: FOXM1 regulates doxorubicin resistance through the non homologous end joining pathway and is associated with recurrence of bladder cancer
Authors: Yun-Gil Roh, Se-Ra Lee, Won-Tae Kim, Seon-Kyu Kim, In-Sun Chu, Sun-Hee Leem
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains a very troublesome cancer to care because of high recurrence rates. In the previous study, we characterized a gene expression dataset from 102 NMIBC patients of the Korean cohort to identify a signature associated with disease recurrence. In recurrent bladder cancers, the expression of FOXM1 (Forkhead Box M1) was increased compared to primary cancers. Although there is a relationship between DNA repair pathway and FOXM1, it remains unclear whether FOXM1 is associated with DNA repair mediated cancer recurrence. To investigate this association, we used five different human bladder cancer cell lines to examine the expression level of FOXM1. Two cancer cell lines (5637 and EJ cells) showed the increased level of FOXM1 than other three cancer cell lines (UC5, LD611 and UC9 cells). We examined the chemoresistance with chemotherapy reagent (Doxorubicin) and checked the possible regulation of DNA repair pathway by FOXM1 in these cell lines. The cell lines which elevated FOXM1 expression showed high expression levels of Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway genes (Ku70, Ku80, LIG4 and XRCC4). To examine the direct interaction between the FOXM1 and NHEJ pathway genes, the binding activity was checked by a promoter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We revealed that the expression levels of NHEJ pathway genes are elevated on activation of exogenous FOXM1. Therefore, we suggest a novel activity of FOXM1 has a role in cancer recurrence through the NHEJ pathway in bladder cancer cells. Citation Format: Yun-Gil Roh, Se-Ra Lee, Won-Tae Kim, Seon-Kyu Kim, In-Sun Chu, Sun-Hee Leem. FOXM1 regulates doxorubicin resistance through the non homologous end joining pathway and is associated with recurrence of bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3408. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3408
More Names for Depression: Is a Rose a Rose?
Authors: Ronald D. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his recent letter regarding the undertreatment of depression, Dr Berger<sup>1</sup>identifies the major problem that primary care physicians face when dealing with depressive illness—getting the patient to accept the diagnosis. He suggests that we need a new name for the illness that does not carry the pejorative connotations of the term depression. For the last 6 years, I have taken a novel approach to somatic presentations of depressive illness. When faced with complaints such as chronic headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbance, or the ubiquitous request for "something for my nerves," I ask about core limbic symptoms since depression affects all the limbic system structures and functions.<sup>2-4</sup>These symptoms include poor quality of sleep, fatigue, irritability, exaggerated pain perception, difficulty concentrating, trouble with short-term memory, difficulty with appetite control, anhedonia, decreased sexual interest, excessive guilt, and suicidal thoughts (often initially expressed as an urge to run
Early cellular effects of circulating cadmium-thionein on kidney proximal tubules.
Authors: K S Squibb, J W Ridlington, N G Carmichael, B A Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Circulating cadmium-thionein (Cd-MT) is cleared from the mammalian circulatory system by filtration through the kidney glomerulus with subsequent reabsorption by kidney proximal tubules. Damage to the tubules results following uptake of Cd-MT, which is dependent upon time and the dose level of cadmium administered. Intravenous administration of 109Cd-MT at doses of 0.017 and 0.17 mg Cd/kg body weight with examination of total renal uptake of 109Cd at 0.5, 3, and 24 hr disclosed that the rate of clearance from the blood and uptake by the kidney was significantly more rapid at the 0.017 mg Cd/kg dose. Ultrastructural changes resulting from intravenous injection of either form A or B of Cd-MT were characterized by increased numbers of pinocytotic vesicles and small, dense lysosomal structures. There was no evidence of mitochondrial swelling or cell death at either 3 or 6 hr after injection. The subcellular distribution of cadmium in kidney tissue at various times after administration of Cd-MT was determined by using differential centrifugation techniques with 109Cd and in situ by using x-ray microanalysis. At 30 min after injection of Cd-MT, significant amounts of cadmium were present in lysosomal fractions indicating an interaction between the tubular lysosome system and Cd-MT prior to the onset of overt cellular toxicity. Results suggest that Cd-MT is reabsorbed and broken down by kidney tubule cells in a physiological manner with possible subsequent release of the toxic cadmium ion.
Gold-coated versus uncoated stents: an intravascular ultrasound volumetric analysis showing an increase in intimal hyperplasia in gold-coated stents
Authors: Andrea S. Abizaid, Alexandra Abizaid, Igor Mattos, Gary S. Mintz, Rodolfo Staico, Marco Costa, Ana C. Seixas, J.Eduardo de Paula, Aurea Chaves, Marinella Centemero, Luiz F. Tanajura, Roxana Mehran, Amanda Sousa, J.Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Identification of carmine allergens among three carmine allergy patients
Authors: K. Chung, J. R. Baker, J. L. Baldwin, A. Chou
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: There have been several reports of carmine allergy; however, identification of the responsible carmine allergens has not been widely documented. Methods: Three female patients presented with a history of anaphylaxis and/or urticaria/angioedema after ingestion of carmine‐containing foods. All three patients had 4+ skin prick tests to carmine. Among them, two patients were confirmed to have carmine allergy by blinded, placebo‐controlled food challenges to carmine. SDS–PAGE of cochineal insects and carmine, immunoblotting for IgE antibody with sera from all three patients, and immunoblotting inhibition with carmine were performed. Results: SDS–PAGE of minced cochineal insects revealed several protein bands of 23–88 kDa. Several of these bands were variably recognized by our three patients' sera, and this reactivity was inhibited by carmine. Although no protein bands could be visualized on SDS–PAGE of carmine in Coomassie brilliant blue staining, three protein bands were recognized by two of the three patients' serum. Conclusions: These results suggest that commercial carmine retains proteinaceous material from the source insects. These insect‐derived proteins (possibly complexed with carminic acid) are responsible for IgE‐mediated carmine allergy. Patient reactivity to these proteins may vary.
Hemin-activated macrophages home to the pancreas and protect from acute pancreatitis via heme oxygenase-1 induction
Authors: I. Nakamichi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Hemin upregulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-induced enzyme implicated in protection from a variety of injuries while its related isoform HO-2 is constitutively expressed. The role of hemin or HO-1 in the pancreas and their potential modulation of pancreatic injury are unknown. We show that HO-1 is induced in pancreatitis caused by caerulein and more prominently in severe pancreatitis caused by feeding a choline-deficient diet (CDD). Intraperitoneal hemin administration dramatically increases peritoneal and pancreas macrophages that overexpress HO-1 in association with pancreatic induction of the chemoattractants monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α but not RANTES or macrophage inflammatory protein-2. Hemin administration before CDD feeding protected 8 of 8 mice from lethality while 7 of 16 controls died. Protection is mediated by HO-1–overexpressing macrophages since hemin-primed macrophages home to the pancreas after transfer to naive mice and protect from CDD-induced pancreatitis. Suppression of hemin-primed peritoneal cell HO-1 using HO-1–specific small interfering RNA prior to cell transfer abolishes protection from CDD-induced pancreatitis. Similarly, hemin pretreatment in caerulein-induced pancreatitis reduces serum amylase and lipase, decreases pancreatic trypsin generation, and protects from lung injury. Therefore, hemin-like compounds or hemin-activated macrophages may offer novel therapeutic approaches for preventing acute pancreatitis and its pulmonary complication via upregulation of HO-1.