tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral Therapy for Pregnant HIV-Infected Women
Authors: Andrew D. Luber, Betty J. Dong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters21 March 2000Antiretroviral Therapy for Pregnant HIV-Infected WomenAndrew D. Luber, PharmD and Betty J. Dong, PharmDAndrew D. Luber, PharmDWestern University College of Pharmacy; Pomona, CA 91766 (Luber)University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143 (Dong)Search for more papers by this author and Betty J. Dong, PharmDWestern University College of Pharmacy; Pomona, CA 91766 (Luber)University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143 (Dong)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-6-200003210-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Turner and colleagues (1) evaluated the impact of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 076 on the prescribing pattern of antiretroviral therapies among HIV-infected pregnant women. Between January and March 1995, after wide dissemination of the results of this trial, we mailed an anonymous survey depicting a clinical scenario similar to PACTG 076 to 678 physicians practicing in New York, Florida, and California (2). Physicians were randomly selected from HIV treatment directories, published clinical trials, the Community Consortium of the Bay Area, and the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association. The survey asked physicians to select antiretroviral therapy ...References1. Turner BJ, Newschaffer CJ, Zhang D, Fanning T, Hauck WW. Translating clinical trial results into practice: the effect of an AIDS clinical trial on prescribed antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected pregnant women. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:976-86. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Luber AD, Dong BJ. Survey of physician's use of zidovudine in HIV-infected pregnant females and their newborn infants [Abstract]. Presented at the 4th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Washington, DC, 22-26 January 1997. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Western University College of Pharmacy; Pomona, CA 91766 (Luber)University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143 (Dong) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTranslating Clinical Trial Results into Practice: The Effect of an AIDS Clinical Trial on Prescribed Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Barbara J. Turner , Craig J. Newschaffer , Daozhi Zhang , Thomas Fanning , and Walter W. Hauck Metrics 21 March 2000Volume 132, Issue 6Page: 509KeywordsAIDSAntiretroviral therapyClinical trialsHIVInfantsPhysiciansPregnancy Issue Published: 21 March 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Donor Availability as the Primary Determinant of the Future of Heart Transplantation
Authors: Roger W. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Heart transplantation has now achieved a therapeutic status similar to that of cadaveric renal transplantation. Depending on patient selection criteria, it is estimated that as many as 15,000 people per year could conceivably benefit from a heart transplant, but the actual number of persons who will benefit is severely constrained by donor supply. Availability of heart donors was estimated based on data obtained on 1,955 organ donors in the United States. The results show that because of age and other contraindications, only 400 to 1,100 viable donor hearts may be available each year. Donor supply is the most critical determinant of the future of heart transplantation since it will dictate the number of transplants performed, the survival of transplant recipients, the total program expenditures associated with heart transplantation, the nature of the legal and ethical issues involved, the number of cardiac transplant programs required to make optimal use of the available donor hearts, and the future role of mechanical circulatory support systems.In the opinion of the authors, heart transplantation has achieved a therapeutic status equivalent to that of cadaveric kidney transplantation; and they estimate that as many as 15,000 patients per year could benefit from transplants. Based on their analysis of data on 1,955 recent organ donors, however, the authors warn that only 400 to 1,100 donor hearts may be available per year for transplantation. Donor supply is seen as the most critical factor in the development of heart transplantation, and the projected shortfall of organs will affect the number of transplants performed, the number of centers needed to perform them, the survival of recipients, the nature of legal and ethical issues involved, and the role of xenografts and mechanical circulatory support systems.
713 THE REGULATION OF THE CARCINOGEN DETOXIFYING UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE UGT1A7 BY 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORDIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) IS ALTERED BY A FUNCTIONAL PROMOTER VARIANT
Authors: U. Ehmer, S. Kalthoff, T.J. Erichsen, N. Freiberg, M.P. Manns, C.P. Strassburg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Israel sets up course in clowning to help patients recover
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Israel's hospitals haven't had much to smile about recently. But soon there will be pranks, jokes, and laughs as 40 graduates of the country's first ever “medical clowning” course reach the wards.

Inspired by the film Patch Adams , which told the true story of a doctor from Virginia who thought that humour was a better healer than any drug, the course aims to speed patients' recovery by making them laugh.

It opened last week at Assaf Harofe Hospital in Tzrifin, near Tel Aviv. The 80 hour, six month course is presently training doctors, nurses, …
Renal excretion of urobilinogen in the dog
Authors: Mortimer Levy, Roger Lester, Norman G. Levinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The renal excretion of urobilinogen was studied in dogs by standard clearance techniques. The use of radiochemically pure tritiated mesobilirubinogen as a representative urobilinogen afforded much greater analytical precision than can be obtained with the usual colorimetric and fluorimetric techniques which are only semiquantitative. With constant plasma levels of urobilinogen, raising urinary pH from 5 to 8 increased urobilinogen excretion from about 30% to up to 200% of the filtered load. When urinary pH was kept constant, changes in blood pH had no effect on urobilinogen excretion. Increases in urinary flow had no effect on urobilinogen excretion when the urine was alkaline but increased excretion markedly during aciduria. Probenecid did not influence urobilinogen excretion by the kidney. It is concluded that urobilinogen is excreted by a three-component system of glomerular filtration, active secretion, and pH-dependent nonionic diffusion in the distal nephron. Urobilinogen is a weak acid, and this mode of excretion is similar to that of other weak, organic acids, such as salicylates. These results indicate that urinary pH and flow must be considered in the clinical interpretation of measurements of urinary urobilinogen.
Assessment of environmental and genetic factors in the etiology of childhood cancers: the Childrens Cancer Group epidemiology program.
Authors: L L Robison, J D Buckley, G Bunin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The occurrence of cancer during childhood represents one of the leading causes of death within the pediatric and adolescent age group. It is estimated that approximately 8000 children will be diagnosed annually with cancer in the United States. Epidemiologic research addressing the etiology of childhood cancer has been limited because of the difficulties in identifying a sufficiently large study population. Moreover, the use of retrospectively ascertained childhood cancer cases in epidemiologic investigations has restricted the incorporation of biological and clinical parameters. The Childrens Cancer Group has developed an active program in epidemiologic research, with over a decade of experience demonstrating the feasibility and strengths of conducting analytic epidemiologic studies within a cooperative clinical trials network. The availability of detailed clinical and biologic data on cases diagnosed within the cooperative group facilitates the transfer of state-of-the-art technology to epidemiologic research.
Slow oscillations in two pairs of dopaminergic neurons gate long-term memory formation in Drosophila
Authors: Pierre-Yves Plaçais, Séverine Trannoy, Guillaume Isabel, Yoshinori Aso, Igor Siwanowicz, Ghislain Belliart-Guérin, Philippe Vernier, Serge Birman, Hiromu Tanimoto, Thomas Preat
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)
The carcinogenicity of arsenic.
Authors: G Pershagen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

A carcinogenic role of inorganic arsenic has been suspected for nearly a century. Exposure to inorganic arsenic compounds occurs in some occupational groups, e.g., among smelter workers and workers engaged in the production and use of arsenic containing pesticides. Substantial exposure can also result from drinking water in certain areas and the use of some drugs. Tobacco and wine have had high As concentrations due to the use of arsenic containing pesticides. Inorganic arsenic compounds interfere with DNA repair mechanisms and an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations have been observed among exposed workers and patients. Epidemiological data show that inorganic arsenic exposure can cause cancer of the lung and skin. The evidence of an etiologic role of arsenic for angiosarcoma of the liver is highly suggestive; however, the association between arsenic and cancer of other sites needs further investigation. No epidemiological data are available on exposure to organic arsenic compounds and cancer. Animal carcinogenicity studies involving exposure to various inorganic and organic arsenic compounds by different routes have been negative, with the possible exception of some preliminary data regarding lung cancer and leukemia. Some studies have indicated an increased mortality from lung cancer in populations living near point emission sources of arsenic into the air. The role of arsenic cannot be evaluated due to lack of exposure data. Epidemiological data suggest that the present WHO standard for drinking water (50 micrograms As/l.) provides only a small safety margin with regard to skin cancer.
Origin of the term XDR-TB
Authors: T. H. Holtz, J. P. Cegielski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

To the Editors: 

Migliori et al. 1 have written a commendable editorial about the challenges to science presented by the emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) as a named entity. We wish to clarify the origin and development of the term “XDR-TB”.

As noted by Migliori et al. 1, resistance to second-line drugs is not a new phenomenon. Despite years of anecdotal reports about “super bugs” and TB strains (predominantly …
Burning Mouth Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Miriam Grushka
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> With regard to the comments of Drs Carter and Cook, a comprehensive history of the 27 patients with burning mouth was in fact undertaken but, because of limited space, was not reported. Many of the signs and symptoms suggested by these authors were not noted in the patient histories, but a specific detailed clinical workup as outlined by them had not been undertaken. Moreover, as I had already suggested in my letter, further investigation along these lines did indeed seem warranted, and studies are now under way to look for these factors.
Experimental Surgery, Including Surgical Physiology
Authors: Karel B. Absolon
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Experimental surgery is becoming an increasingly popular means of teaching medical students or surgical residents. The fifth edition of<i>Experimental Surgery</i>in its new dress satisfies the needs of the inquiring young surgical mind as well as that of a seasoned professor. As with certain examples of classical prose, I reread Markowitz's text every few years. All its described surgical techniques could hardly be recommended for clinical application, but the book is not meant to serve this purpose. The procedures, however, will serve those who want to satisfy their own technical needs while making certain experimental inquiries. Technical surgery cannot be taught by precepts alone, however well written or depicted. Surgeons and magicians learn their tricks by copying their elders as well as by trial and error. The seasoned magician or surgeon will nevertheless enjoy reading a good text and the uninitiated will gain insight from a book. The physiologist,
C-11 Acetate Does Not Enhance Usefulness of F-18 FDG PET/CT in Differentiating Between Focal Nodular Hyperplasia and Hepatic Adenoma
Authors: Giulia Magini, Mohsen Farsad, Marta Frigerio, Carla Serra, Antonio Colecchia, Elio Jovine, Marco Vivarelli, Valentina Feletti, Rita Golfieri, Corrado Patti, Stefano Fanti, Roberto Franchi, Filippo Lodi, Stefano Boschi, Mauro Bernardi, Franco Trevisani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We assessed the usefulness of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) and C-11 acetate PET (AC PET) in distinguishing hepatic lesions due to consequential disease (hepatocellular adenoma and malignant lesions) from focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in patients at low risk of malignancy.Thirty-one patients with 43 lesions were prospectively enrolled. The diagnostic work-up included Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Fine needle biopsy was performed if the imaging study was inconclusive. The work-up revealed 36 FNH and 7 consequential lesions (5 hepatocellular adenoma, 1 hepatoma, and 1 metastasis). All patients underwent FDG and AC PET. FDG PET with target/background ratio (T/Br) greater than 1.2 and AC PET with T/Br of less than 1.2 were considered positive test for consequential disease.On FDG PET, we had 6 true-positive out of 7 lesions due to consequential diseases, with a sensitivity of 85.7%, and 33 true-negative out of 36 lesions with FNH, with a specificity of 91.7%. Using AC PET, there were 2 true-positive lesions out of 7 caused by neoplasms, with a sensitivity of 28.6%, and 34 true-negative lesions out of 36 FNH, with a specificity of 94.4%.When the goal is differentiating FNH from liver neoplasms, AC PET offered no additional diagnostic advantage over what is achieved with FDG PET.
The performance of PEGylated nanocapsules of perfluorooctyl bromide as an ultrasound contrast agent
Authors: Raquel Díaz-López, Nicolas Tsapis, Mathieu Santin, Sharon Lori Bridal, Valérie Nicolas, Danielle Jaillard, Danielle Libong, Pierre Chaminade, Véronique Marsaud, Christine Vauthier, Elias Fattal
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Left ventricular pulsus alternans in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe obstruction to left ventricular outflow.
Authors: R O Cannon, W H Schenke, R O Bonow, M B Leon, D R Rosing
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Left ventricular pulsus alternans (LVPA), a rhythmic beat to beat variation in left ventricular systolic pressure and outflow gradient, was noted in 35 of 200 ventricular systolic pressure and outflow gradient, was noted in 35 of 200 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy undergoing hemodynamic study. LVPA was not associated with significant systemic pulsus alternans nor right ventricular pulsus alternans. All patients with LVPA had severe outflow gradients at rest or during provocation. Of 61 patients with severe basal outflow gradients (greater than 80 mm Hg), 12 demonstrated LVPA at rest. Eight of these patients underwent ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy; all had successful abolition of basal outflow gradient. Of the seven of these eight patients who underwent postoperative hemodynamic study and who were in sinus rhythm, none demonstrated LVPA. Eleven of 60 patients with basal outflow gradients ranging from 10 to 70 mm Hg demonstrated LVPA during maneuvers provocative for outflow gradients (mean gradient 90 +/- 37 mm Hg). Two of these patients underwent ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy; neither had a gradient nor LVPA during provocation postoperatively. Twelve additional patients with basal outflow gradients ranging from 0 to 115 mm Hg had LVPA after ectopic beats, generally occurring during maneuvers provocative for outflow gradients, associated with severe outflow gradients (mean gradient 130 +/- 39 mm Hg) during the postextrasystolic beat. None of the 41 patients without an outflow gradient, basal or during provocation, was found to have LVPA. Thus LVPA is commonly seen in during provocation, was found to have LVPA. Thus LVPA is commonly seen in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular outflow gradients and may represent inadequate left ventricular contractile function in the presence of high left ventricular systolic pressures.
Direct Approach to Evaluation of Patients With Acid-Base Imbalance
Authors: John S. McDonald, Donald E. Laughlin, George N. Bedell
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A small sample of blood from the ear lobe or the fingertip is adequate for pH measurement in clinical situations. The pH of blood from the warmed ear lobe accurately reflected arterial pH in 43 patients. The acute changes in arterial pH produced by induction of respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis were correctly measured by blood from the ear lobe. The pH of fingertip blood closely approximated arterial pH in 19 patients. To fully evaluate the patient with an acid-base imbalance, one needs both pH and venous carbon dioxide content. The latter is readily available now. We want to encourage doctors to make direct measurements of pH in patients by using fingertip or ear lobe blood.
887. Reducing the Incidence of Replication Competent Adenovector by Engineering the Vector Genome
Authors: G. Campbell Kaynor, Jennifer L. Brown, Rhonda Brown, Xinzhong Wang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Replication-competent adenovirus (RCA) can arise through homologous recombination between the 293 cell chromosomal locus that contains a portion of the adenovirus DNA, and the vector genome. Two cross-over events are involved; one at the 5' end (|[sim]|350bp) and a second in the |[sim]|1000bp stretch that includes E1b, pIX and a portion of pIVa2. During scale up of the first generation adenoviral vector for clinical gene therapy trials, we observed that such recombinants arose in the production lots at a level close to the FDA recommended limit (fewer than 3 RCA in 1011 vector particles). In order to decrease the likelihood that RCA will contaminate large production lots, we decided to reorient a portion of the vector that is homologous with the Adenoviral sequences present in the 293 chromosome. We achieved this by inverting the protein IX gene and its upstream promoter region in E1b. Although we have not removed homologous bases from the vector, we hypothesize that disrupting the contiguous cis homology will reduce the probability of double cross over events that lead to RCA because only recombination within the untouched remaining 264bp of IVa2 can participate in the generation of replication-competent genomes. Tests for the frequency of RCA during serial passaging of the new vector indicate that it is at least 4 logs lower than the original design. Moreover, vector particle thermostability and transgene function were not adversely effected by this rearrangement. These data indicate that we have created a new vector with reduced incidence of RCA which in turn will facilitate the manufacturing process.
Patient Care in Municipal Hospitals
Authors: Seymour M. Glick, Gerald E. Thomson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A physician should not dispose of his services under terms or conditions which tend to interfere with or impair the free and complete exercise of his medical judgement and skill or tend to cause a deterioration of the quality of medical care.1 Patient care in local governmental hospitals continues to be woefully inadequate in spite of declarations regarding medical care as a right rather than a privilege. Periodic exposés of conditions in municipal and county hospitals produce transient and superficial improvements against a background of erosion of the spirits of hospital workers and of increasing distrust of the system by . . .
Idiopathic Epicardial Left Ventricular Tachycardia Originating Remote From the Sinus of Valsalva
Authors: David V. Daniels, Yen-Yu Lu, Joseph B. Morton, Peter A. Santucci, Joseph G. Akar, Alex Green, David J. Wilber
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Despite the success of catheter ablation for treatment of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT), occasional patients have been reported in whom VT could not be ablated from the right or left ventricular endocardium or from the aortic sinus of Valsalva (ASOV).In 12 of 138 patients (9%) with idiopathic VT referred for ablation, an epicardial left ventricular site of origin was identified >10 mm from the ASOV. Coronary venous mapping demonstrated epicardial preceding endocardial activation by >10 ms (41+/-7 versus 15+/-11 ms before QRS onset; P<0.001). VT induction was facilitated by catecholamines and terminated by adenosine. Ablation through the coronary veins or via percutaneous transpericardial catheterization was successful in 9 patients; 2 required direct surgical ablation as a result of anatomic constraints. No ECG pattern was specific for epicardial VT. However, slowed initial precordial QRS activation, as quantified by a novel metric, the maximum deflection index, was more useful. A delayed precordial maximum deflection index > or =0.55 identified epicardial VT remote from the ASOV with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98.7% relative to all other sites of origin (P<0.001).Although clinically underrecognized, idiopathic VT may originate from the perivascular sites on the left ventricular epicardium. The mechanism is consistent with triggered activity. It is amenable to ablation by transvenous or transpericardial approaches, although technical challenges remain. Recognition of a prolonged precordial maximum deflection index and early use of transvenous epicardial mapping are critical to avoid protracted and unsuccessful ablation elsewhere in the ventricles.
Effect of HLA class II gene disparity on clinical outcome in unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia: the US National Marrow Donor Program Experience
Authors: Effie W. Petersdorf, Craig Kollman, Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Bo Dupont, Auayporn Nademanee, Ann B. Begovich, Daniel Weisdorf, Philip McGlave
Journal: Blood (2001)
Autofluorescence Imaging and Narrow-Band Imaging for the Detection of Early Neoplasia in Patients with Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: M. Kara, J. Bergman
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Barrett's esophagus is defined as an endoscopically visible, columnar epithelium-lined distal esophageal segment, with specialized intestinal metaplasia found in biopsy specimens. Barrett's esophagus is recognized as a premalignant condition that predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The continuous rise in the incidence of this malignancy and its poor prognosis have driven research into finding techniques that enable early detection of neoplastic changes in Barrett's esophagus [1] [2].