tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
European nations draw up strategy to fight obesity
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

European governments have identified obesity as one of today's most serious public health challenges. The need to tackle the epidemic has been recognised by the 48 members of the World Health Organization's European region. 

At a WHO ministerial conference in Istanbul last week they all signed a special charter acknowledging the scale of the problem and presenting a strategy to tackle it. 

The prevalence of obesity in Europe has tripled in the past two decades. Half of all adults and one in five children in the WHO's European region are overweight. Of these a …
Hair Mercury Negatively Correlates with Calcium Pump Activity in Human Term Newborns and Their Mothers at Delivery
Authors: Guy Huel, Josiane Sahuquillo, Ginette Debotte, Jean-François Oury, Larissa Takser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Calcium homeostasis is a known target of several environmental toxicants including lead and mercury.Our goal was to determine the relationship between Hg exposure and erythrocyte Ca pump activity in women at delivery and in their newborns.We determined total Hg as well as Pb concentrations in 81 hair and blood samples obtained at delivery. Basal and calmodulin-stimulated Ca pump activity was measured in red blood cells from cord blood and maternal erythrocyte plasma membranes.Maternal hair Hg negatively correlates with Ca pump activity in maternal and cord blood erythrocytes. Pb and Hg both independently correlate negatively with Ca pump activity without any statistically significant interaction. After adjustment for potential confounders, Pb and Hg explain about 30% and 7% of total variance of Ca pump activity in newborns and mothers, respectively.Our findings confirm results reported in previous experimental studies and support the use of biomarkers in newborns from general population.
Skin Infection in Wrestlers Due to Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Lester M. Dyke
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Many high schools and colleges have had serious outbreaks of skin infections due to herpes simplex virus. Diagnosis has often been obscure. Much time has been lost to team members as wrestlers and also from the regular classrooms. Some students have had to withdraw from school because of this loss of time. Some wrestling meets have had to be canceled because of extensive infection among team members. <h3>Clinical Observations</h3> During the past seven years we have clinically identified herpes simplex cases among our athleticteam members and, especially, among occasional wrestlers. In the autumn of 1963, however, many members of the varsity and freshman wrestling teams came to our health service with lesions typical of herpes simplex (Fig 1). These lesions were maculopapular, vesicular, and pustular and in various stages of development and progression. They occurred especially on the face, scalp, shoulders, back, chest, and upper extremities. We observed these lesions
Can a restrictive definition lead to biases and tautologies?
Authors: Luc-Alain Giraldeau, Louis Lefebvre, Julie Morand-Ferron
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract We argue that the operational definition proposed by Ramsey et al. does not represent a significant improvement for students of innovation, because it is so restrictive that it might actually prevent the testing of hypotheses on the relationships between innovation, ecology, evolution, culture, and intelligence. To avoid tautological thinking, we need to use an operational definition that is taxonomically unbiased and neutral with respect to the hypotheses to be tested.
Lonely in Paris: when one gene copy isn’t enough
Authors: Ramesh A. Shivdasani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Circulating platelets are continually replenished by fragmentation of terminally differentiated megakaryocytes. Processes disrupted in inherited thrombocytopenias frequently shed light on normal thrombopoietic mechanisms. An especially rare condition called Paris-Trousseau syndrome (PTS) seems to occur by virtue of hemizygous loss of the FLI1 transcription factor gene. Provocative new data suggest that FLI1 shows monoallelic expression during a brief window in megakaryocyte differentiation, which thus explains the dominant inheritance pattern of PTS despite the presence of one normal FLI1 allele .
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of AgNOR proteins in chemically induced rat liver carcinogenesis
Authors: D Trere, M Derenzini, V Sirri, L Montanaro, W Grigioni, G Faa, G M Columbano, A Columbano
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of silver–stained nuclear organizer regions (AgNOR) proteins was performed during hepatocarcinogenesis induced in rats initiated by diethylnitrosamine (DENA) using the resistant–hepatocyte model. Nuclear proteins from control hepatocytes, hyperplastic nodules, and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and specifically silver–stained for AgNOR proteins. No difference was observed in the distribution pattern of the silver–stained bands among control, hyperplastic, or cancer cells. The same was true if human cirrhosis and HCC were compared. The evaluation of individual AgNOR protein amounts by computerized densitometric analysis showed that (1) the integrated optical density value of the total AgNOR proteins was greatest in cancer cells, lesser in hyperplastic hepatocytes, and lowest in control hepatocytes, and (2) the amount of the two major silver–stained proteins, nucleolin (105 kd) and protein B23 (39 kd), was always a constant percentage of total AgNOR proteins. An experiment using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation showed that, during hepatocarcinogenesis, AgNOR protein quantity progressively increased and was significantly related to the increased hepatocyte labeling index. These results show that AgNOR protein distribution changes during hepatocarcinogenesis are caused neither by the synthesis of new AgNOR proteins nor by an unbalanced synthesis of individual AgNOR proteins, but to an increased synthesis of nucleolin and protein B23, which is associated with a progressive increased hepatocyte proliferation rate.
Combined Angiopoietin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer restores cavernous angiogenesis and erectile function in a rat model of hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ji-Kan Ryu, Chung-Hyun Cho, Hwa-Yean Shin, Sun U. Song, Seung-Min Oh, Minhyung Lee, Shuguang Piao, Jee-Young Han, In-Hoo Kim, Gou Young Koh, Jun-Kyu Suh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Hypercholesterolemia-related endothelial cell dysfunction and decreased endothelium-derived nitric oxide formation may account for impaired angiogenesis and subsequent erectile dysfunction. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a critical angiogenic factor for vascular maturation and enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in a complementary manner. We hypothesized that combined adenovirus-delivered human Ang1 (ad-Ang1) and VEGF165 (ad-VEGF165) gene transfer might promote angiogenesis cooperatively in a rat model of hypercholesterolemic erectile dysfunction and result in a recovery of erectile function. Ad-Ang1 and ad-VEGF165 were injected either alone or in combination into the corpus cavernosum of the penis. Combined gene transfer of both ad-Ang1 and ad-VEGF165 significantly increased cavernous angiogenesis, eNOS phosphorylation, and cGMP expression compared with that in the groups treated with either therapy alone. Erectile function, as evaluated by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve 2 and 8 weeks after treatment, was completely restored in the combined treatment group, whereas intracavernous injection of either ad-Ang1 or ad-VEGF165 alone elicited partial improvement. The results indicate that combined application of angiogenic factors may enhance cavernous angiogenesis cooperatively by reinforcing the endothelium both structurally and functionally, which results in an additive effect on erectile function in hypercholesterolemic rats.
Use of alternating current during diagnostic electrophysiologic studies.
Authors: M M Mower, P R Reid, L Watkins, M Mirowski
Journal: Circulation (1983)

When conventional programmed electrical stimulation did not yield ventricular arrhythmias suitable for testing implanted automatic defibrillator function and for mapping the location of arrhythmogenic foci, full-wave rectified alternating current (120 Hz) was used for inducing arrhythmias. Application of alternating current resulted in ventricular tachycardias 31 times; in 27 instances, these tachycardias were similar in rate (216 +/- 37 beats/min) and morphology to those previously induced in the same patient by programmed electrical stimulation (191 +/- 30 beats/min). During endocardial mapping, the origin of the tachycardias induced by both methods was found in the same region. Alternating current produced ventricular fibrillation only four times, twice when it was the patient's spontaneous native arrhythmia and twice after apparently effective endocardial resection. No complications of the technique were observed. The use of alternating current was found to be simple, rapid and safe; it may be especially useful in the operating room during antiarrhythmic surgery because it markedly reduces the cardiopulmonary bypass time required for induction and may also be useful for testing the adequacy of endocardial resection.
Representation of Special Groups on C.C. and S. Committee
Authors: J. T. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BEDICALJOURNALone cannot help feeling that a crisis could easily have been avoided if there had been greater awareness at high level of the possible effects on the public health service of the imbalance created by recent awards in other sections of the profession.One is forced to conclude that the Government will attempt to avoid its commitments in regard to the public health service, and it may well be that the present uncertainty will, to a limited extent, effect a " shake out " into general practice.For many of us, however, such a course would be an unacceptable and unpalatable admission that the not inconsiderable personal sacrifice involved in obtaining the statutory qualification (D.P.H.) had been a pointless
Comparison of quantitative ELISA and semiquantitative Dustscreen<sup>™</sup> for determination of Der p 1, Der f 1, and Fel d 1 in domestic dust samples
Authors: S. Lau, G. Schulz, C. Sommerfeld, U. Wahn
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Quantitative ELISA kits used for the measurement of indoor all_ergens are time‐consuming. Therefore, an immunodot assay (Dustscreen ™ ) has been introduced, so that results can be obtained within 4 h. In order to assess the potential applications of the new method, we compared quantitative ELISA methods and Dustscreen. Methods: We compared the measurements of the mite all_ergens Der p 1 and Der f 1, and Fel d 1 by both Dustscreen and one brand of ELISA in 82 dust samples, and we also compared the measurement of the cat all_ergen Fel d 1 by Dustscreen and a different brand of ELISA in 77 dust samples. Optimum dilutions of dust extracts were compared between the ELISA and the immunodot assay. The nonparametric coefficient of correlation (Spearman's rank) was calculated for each all_ergen. Results: The immunodot assay was easy to perform. There was a good correlation between the results of the ELISA and Dustscreen (Der p 1: r =0.98, Der f 1: r =0.93, and Fel d 1: r =0.98). However, the coefficient of variation varied between 50% and 100% for Fel d 1 above 100 000 ng/g in Dustscreen. No cockroach all_ergen (Bla g 2) was detected in domestic dust samples in Berlin, and lower concentrations of group 2 all_ergen of mite (from not detectable to 19 500 ng/gm; median concentration 2000 ng/g) were found than mite group 1 all_ergens (sum of Der p 1 plus Der f 1: median 12 350 ng/g, minimum n.d., maximum 153 120 ng/g). Conclusions: Our results indicate that quantification of indoor all_ergens in house‐dust samples can be performed easily with Dustscreen, and both the technology and methodology are satisfactory.
Pharmacological Treatments for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Kate Cahill, Sarah Stevens, Tim Lancaster
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Among the 3 first-line smoking cessation treatments (nicotine replacement therapy [NRT], bupropion, and varenicline), which is most effective in helping people who smoke achieve and maintain abstinence from smoking for at least 6 months, and what serious adverse events are associated with each?Higher rates of smoking cessation were associated with NRT (17.6%) and bupropion (19.1%) compared with placebo (10.6%). Varenicline (27.6%) and combination NRT (31.5%) (eg, patch plus inhaler) were most effective for achieving smoking cessation. None of the therapies was associated with an increased rate of serious adverse events.
Economic Status and the Haemoglobin Levels of Children
Authors: H. M. M. Mackay, L. Wills, K. Bingham
Journal: BMJ (1946)

The lower haemoglobin level associated with a lower economic status may have multiple causes, but McCance and his colleagues (1938) have demon- strated a close correlation between income, adequacy of the diet, and haemoglobin level.The object of this investigation was, first, to compare the haemoglobin level of children of men in the Forces and of civilians; and, secondly, to study whether the composition of the household or evacuation of the children affected this level. Clinical Material and TechniqueJust under 500 children, aged 4 to 14, were examined in December, 1944, at a county council school in an urban district in Surrey.This school was chosen because, being near a mili- tary depot, nearly half of the pupils were children of men in the Forces.The teachers recorded for us on each child's card the parents' occupations, the composition of the household, the total number of siblings, with information as to evacuation and the consumption of dinners or milk in school.There were 264 children of civilians among the 493 examined.Their fathers' occupations are shown in Table I.About 65% of the total were TABLE I.-Occupations of the Fathers in Civiliant Employment Occupation No. Per cent.Artisans (including mechanics) .6424 Male nurses .
Distinct Role of Surface Lymphotoxin Expressed by B Cells in the Organization of Secondary Lymphoid Tissues
Authors: Alexei V. Tumanov, Dmitry V. Kuprash, Maria A. Lagarkova, Sergei I. Grivennikov, Koichiro Abe, Alexander N. Shakhov, Ludmila N. Drutskaya, Colin L. Stewart, Alexander V. Chervonsky, Sergei A. Nedospasov
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Winston James Jackson
Authors: W. A. Jackson, S. E. Sanders, P. T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Winston was born at home in Hollinwood, Oldham, on 6 August 1929, the third child of Timothy and Gertrude. His elder sister, Violet, died of rheumatic fever before he was born. His brother, Thomas, was 10 years older. Both attended Hulme Grammar School for Boys, where they each showed an aptitude for sport and for the sciences. He went on to study maths and the three sciences at higher level and then on to Manchester University to study medicine, although his headmaster needed to intervene as Winston had received his call up papers for National Service. In 1953 he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons and licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians.

A fun loving individual, Winston enjoyed playing tricks on others as …
Agranulocytosis, Thrombocytopenia, and Procainamide
Authors: DANIS J. CHRISTENSEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1984Agranulocytosis, Thrombocytopenia, and ProcainamideDANIS J. CHRISTENSEN, M.D., LOMBARDO F. PALMA, M.D., KELLY PHELPS, M.D.DANIS J. CHRISTENSEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LOMBARDO F. PALMA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KELLY PHELPS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-6-918_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Ellrodt and associates (1) recently reported eight cases of severe neutropenia attributed to Procan SR (Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, New Jersey), the new sustainedrelease preparation of procainamide. We have recently seen two patients with hematologic dyscrasias attributable to Procan SR within 6 months.A 76-year-old woman was admitted with fever, diarrhea, and progressive dehydration. Six weeks before admission she had been placed on Procan SR, 250 mg every 6 hours. Other medications included minipres (Pfizer Laboratories, New York, New York), dyazide (SmithKline & French Company, Carolina, Puerto Rico), premarin (Ayerst Laboratories, New York, New York), and...References1. ELLRODT A, MURATA G, RIEDINGER M, STEWART M, MOCHIZUKI C, and GRAY R. Severe neutropenia associated with sustained-release procainamide. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:197-201. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BERGER B and HAUSER D. Agranulocytosis due to new sustained-release procainamide. Am Heart J. 1983;105:1035-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NAGESH K, POULOSE K, TSENG T, and SCHADCHEHR A. Procainamide-induced agranulocytosis: report of two cases and review. J Kans Med Soc. 1980;81:18-24. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. STOFFER R. Thrombocytopenic purpura due to pronestyl. J Kans Med Soc. 1966;67:20. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DANIS J. CHRISTENSEN, M.D.; LOMBARDO F. PALMA, M.D.; KELLY PHELPS, M.D.Affiliations: University of Utah Medical Center Salt Lake City, UT 84132 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Role of Leukocyte-Generated Reactive Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of Ideosyncratic Drug ReactionsCardiac glycosides and drugs used in dysrhythmias 1 June 1984Volume 100, Issue 6Page: 918-918KeywordsDiarrheaFeversNeutropenia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
In search of the unknown primary.
Authors: M. P. Yardley, P. D. Bull
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and, frequently, by severe symptoms.Their uncertainty is not alleviated by prolonged investigations that delay palliation and generally fail to answer their questions about the origin of the tumour and the prognosis.Patients deserve prompt palliation, appropriate investigation, and adequate support and counselling through what is too often a terminal illness.
Traditional Indian remedy for asthma challenged in court
Authors: Sanjay Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A 159 year old traditional remedy of offering “fish medicine” to cure asthma has been challenged in the Indian courts. The Indian Medical Association has questioned the secrecy surrounding the ingredients of the medicine, invoking the provisions of the Drugs and Magical Remedies Act 1954.

Thousands of people with asthma travel to Hyderabad for the annual gathering where the medicine is delivered free to the patient in the mouth of a live fish.

“Any substance other than food used for curing [people] falls under the category of a drug and its ingredients must be disclosed to the consumers,” says Dr C L Venkata Rao, secretary of the Charminar branch of the …
Effect of a Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filter Plus Anticoagulation vs Anticoagulation Alone on Risk of Recurrent Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Patrick Mismetti, Silvy Laporte, Olivier Pellerin, Pierre-Vladimir Ennezat, Francis Couturaud, Antoine Elias, Nicolas Falvo, Nicolas Meneveau, Isabelle Quere, Pierre-Marie Roy, Olivier Sanchez, Jeannot Schmidt, Christophe Seinturier, Marie-Antoinette Sevestre, Jean-Paul Beregi, Bernard Tardy, Philippe Lacroix, Emilie Presles, Alain Leizorovicz, Hervé Decousus, Fabrice-Guy Barral, Guy Meyer
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Although retrievable inferior vena cava filters are frequently used in addition to anticoagulation in patients with acute venous thromboembolism, their benefit-risk ratio is unclear.To evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrievable vena cava filters plus anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone for preventing pulmonary embolism recurrence in patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism and a high risk of recurrence.Randomized, open-label, blinded end point trial (PREPIC2) with 6-month follow-up conducted from August 2006 to January 2013. Hospitalized patients with acute, symptomatic pulmonary embolism associated with lower-limb vein thrombosis and at least 1 criterion for severity were assigned to retrievable inferior vena cava filter implantation plus anticoagulation (filter group; n = 200) or anticoagulation alone with no filter implantation (control group; n = 199). Initial hospitalization with ambulatory follow-up occurred in 17 French centers.Full-dose anticoagulation for at least 6 months in all patients. Insertion of a retrievable inferior vena cava filter in patients randomized to the filter group. Filter retrieval was planned at 3 months from placement.Primary efficacy outcome was symptomatic recurrent pulmonary embolism at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were recurrent pulmonary embolism at 6 months, symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, major bleeding, death at 3 and 6 months, and filter complications.In the filter group, the filter was successfully inserted in 193 patients and was retrieved as planned in 153 of the 164 patients in whom retrieval was attempted. By 3 months, recurrent pulmonary embolism had occurred in 6 patients (3.0%; all fatal) in the filter group and in 3 patients (1.5%; 2 fatal) in the control group (relative risk with filter, 2.00 [95% CI, 0.51-7.89]; P = .50). Results were similar at 6 months. No difference was observed between the 2 groups regarding the other outcomes. Filter thrombosis occurred in 3 patients.Among hospitalized patients with severe acute pulmonary embolism, the use of a retrievable inferior vena cava filter plus anticoagulation compared with anticoagulation alone did not reduce the risk of symptomatic recurrent pulmonary embolism at 3 months. These findings do not support the use of this type of filter in patients who can be treated with anticoagulation.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00457158.
Choosing a Screening Method for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Karen Smith-McCune
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

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Once daily intranasal fluticasone propionate (200 μg) reduces nasal symptoms and inflammation but also attenuates the increase in bronchial responsiveness during the pollen season in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Antonio Foresi, Andrea Pelucchi, Gemma Gherson, Berardino Mastropasqua, Anita Chiapparino, Renato Testi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)