tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spatial organization of the extracellular matrix modulates the expression of PDGF-receptor subunits in mesangial cells
Authors: Martin Marx, Thomas O. Daniel, Michael Kashgarian, Joseph A. Madri
Journal: Kidney International (1993)

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that changes in the extracellular matrix environment regulate rat mesangial cell growth by modulation of the expression of both PDGF-receptor alpha- and beta-subunits. We investigated the mitogenic effects of the PDGF isoforms AA, AB and BB in conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture on laminin, fibronectin, type I, IV and V collagen and in the different spatial organization of matrix in type I collagen gels in three-dimensional culture (3D). In 2D culture PDGF BB was a potent mitogen, AB elicited an intermediate response while AA had no effect on cell proliferation. Extracellular matrix did not modify the PDGF responsiveness in 2D-culture. The different effects of the three PDGF isoforms were due to differential expression and isoform specific association of the PDGF-receptor subunits. Specifically, the beta-receptor was strongly expressed, whereas the alpha-receptor was only barely detectable on the cell surface. Metabolic labeling revealed synthesis and intracellular accumulation of the complete alpha-receptor protein, and treatment with suramin increased its surface expression, suggesting continuous receptor down-regulation by endogenous PDGF. Morphological and ultrastructural analysis in 3D culture revealed a change in mesangial cell phenotype, forming a branching network of multicellular structures. Assessment of proliferation in 3D culture showed quiescent cells and PDGF unresponsiveness. Investigation of the PDGF beta-receptors revealed a rapid down-regulation in 3D culture; both receptor subunits were not detectable on the cell surface. We conclude that 3D culture promotes the induction of a different mesangial cell phenotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evolving strategies in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Riccardo Lencioni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Background: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CE-US), contrast CT scan and gadolinium dynamic MRI are recommended for the characterization of liver nodules detected during surveillance of patients with cirrhosis with US.Aim: To assess the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and economic impact of all possible sequential combinations of contrast imaging techniques in patients with cirrhosis with 1-2 cm liver nodules undergoing US surveillance.Methods: Sixty four patients with 67 de novo liver nodules (55 with a size of 1-2 cm) were consecutively examined by CE-US, CT, MRI, and a fine-needle biopsy (FNB) as a diagnostic standard.Undiagnosed nodules were re-biopsied; non-malignant nodules underwent enhanced imaging follow-up.The typical radiological feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was arterial phase hypervascularisation followed by portal/venous phase washout.Results: HCC was diagnosed in 44 (66%) nodules (2, <1 cm; 34, 1-2 cm; 8, >2 cm).The sensitivity of CE-US, CT and MRI for 1-2 cm HCC was 26%, 44% and 44%, repectively, with 100% specificity; the typical vascular pattern of HCC being identified in 22 (65%) by a single technique versus 12 (35%) by at least two techniques carried out at the same time point (p = 0.028).Compared with the cheapest dual examination (CE-US + CT), the cheapest single technique of stepwise imaging diagnosis of HCC was equally expensive (euro 26,440 versus euro 28,667) but led to a 23% reduction of FNB procedures (p = 0.031). Conclusions:In patients with cirrhosis with a 1-2 cm nodule detected during surveillance, a single imaging technique showing a typical contrast pattern confidently permits the diagnosis of HCC, thereby reducing the need for FNB examinations.
<i>E coli</i>Evades Detection
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increasing Incidence or Increasing Detection of Esophageal Eosinophilia: A Re-evaluation of Esophageal Biopsies from 1985 to 2005
Authors: J FRANCIOSI, J OSMAN, C LI, J SHULTS, M LEONARD, J SPERGEL, E RUCHELLI, C LIACOURAS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Hepatic activity and mRNA expression of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease*1
Authors: Stanislas Pol, Bertrand Nalpas, Anne Vassault, Bernadette Bousquet-Lemercier, Dominique Franco, Bernard Lacour, Pierre Berthelot, Jacques Hanoune, Robert Barouki
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

In liver and serum, AST activity is dependent on two isoenzymes, which are mitochondrial and cytosolic in nature. In an attempt to explain the well-known increase of serum mitochondrial AST-to-total AST ratio in chronic alcoholism (which is due to a specific increase of the mitochondrial isoenzyme), we analyzed: (a) liver and serum AST, ALT and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in 23 active drinkers with minimal liver changes, 11 alcoholic patients with cirrhosis who had stopped drinking, 18 nonalcoholic patients with viral chronic hepatitis and 11 subjects with normal livers; and (b) the expression of messenger RNAs for AST isoenzymes in the corresponding liver samples. Enzymatic activities were decreased in the liver irrespective of the origin of the liver disease. In patients with viral chronic hepatitis (or in those with alcoholic cirrhosis when abstinent), variations in liver proteins and messenger RNAs paralleled significant decreases in mitochondrial AST, ALT and glutamate dehydrogenase and a nonsignificant decrease of cytosolic AST. In alcoholic patients with minimal liver changes, the significant decrease of hepatic cytosolic AST, ALT and glutamate dehydrogenase activities contrasted with a close-to-normal liver mitochondrial AST activity; the increased amounts of mitochondrial AST messenger RNA give evidence for a pretranslational mechanism of regulation, indicating a possible increase in the total production of mitochondrial AST in the liver. The decrease of hepatic cytosolic AST activity was statistically significant only in alcoholic patients without cirrhosis who had a normal cytosolic AST mRNA level, thus suggesting a contributory role of translational or posttranslational regulation. In conclusion, regulation of AST isozymes during liver disease is complex, including differential, pretranslational and translational or posttranslational mechanisms.
Response of Ventilator-Dependent Patients to Delayed Opening of Exhalation Valve
Authors: Magdy Younes, John Kun, Kim Webster, Dan Roberts
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

In conventional mechanical ventilation, the inflation cycle often extends into neural expiration (TeN), potentially exacerbating dynamic hyperinflation (DH). We wished to determine the extent to which patients defend against DH when this happens. Such defense may include prolongation of TeN (timing response) and/or expiratory muscle recruitment (neuromuscular response). Fifty patients were ventilated in the Proportional Assist mode, allowing us to infer these responses noninvasively. At random intervals, exhalation of single breaths was delayed by briefly delaying the opening of exhalation valve (occlusion) (Tocc = 0.78 ± 0.34 seconds). Timing response was assessed from the change in TeN. Neuromuscular response was assessed from the difference between volume exhaled after release of occlusion and volume exhaled in unoccluded breaths over a similar expiratory flow duration (ΔViso-time). There was no evidence of an acute neuromuscular response; ΔViso-time averaged 0.005 ± 0.023 L (NS). Forty-five of 50 patients significantly lengthened TeN. However, the timing response offset only 36 ± 20% of the delay in expiration. Because of absent neuromuscular responses and weak timing responses, DH increased in most patients in postocclusion breaths (ΔDH = 0.10 ± 0.08 L, p = 2E−10). We conclude that acute compensatory responses to delays in opening of exhalation value are weak in ventilator-dependent patients. As a result, such nonsynchrony tends to exacerbate DH.
Practice-Based Research—“Blue Highways” on the NIH Roadmap
Authors: John M. Westfall, James Mold, Lyle Fagnan
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This short and relatively inexpensive book deals in insightful fashion with a vexing medical problem. Chronic low back pain is presented as a reason for compensation after accidents, in industry, in sports, and in disease. Often, little can be found but the subjective complaint of pain, sometimes accompanied only by minor resistance on examination. Therefore, chapters dealing with the epidemiology of low back pain, giving the occupational perspective and detailing the prognosis as gleaned from follow-up examinations, are most welcome. An excellent chapter on the diagnosis of the various medical conditions causing low back pain follows and is succeeded by a scholarly discussion of the pathomechanics of low back pain and sciatica and what they tell us about treatment. Further discussions of assessment and planning for management, including radiologic evaluation, psychosocial contributions, and testing of strength, are found next. The various concepts of pain receive much-needed attention, and therapy with
The aftermath of disaster
Authors: J. Swire
Journal: BMJ (1995)

“Sunt lacrimae rerum et mentem mortalia tangunt” (Virgil) [There are tears shed for things, and mortality touches the heart.]

Nearly seven years ago Flora, our beautiful and first born daughter, was killed on a PanAm plane over Lockerbie in Scotland by a terrorist bomb. Flora was a rare spirit with an irrepressible sense of humour and that special vibrant energy which always characterises the truly great. And really great I think she would have become if only she had been allowed to live. She did have all the ingredients—a good intelligence, boundless energy, a delightful sense of humour, and most important of all a warm and loving heart but with her feet firmly planted on the ground. Her scientific gifts were already more than promise. She had always gained outstanding marks in both physics and maths, and in medicine she felt that she could combine her love and respect for humanity with the intellectual gifts that she had been given. In her few years as an adult—she was on the eve of only her 24th birthday when she was killed—she gained a first class degree in medical sciences at Nottingham Medical School and had accepted an invitation to do a PhD on evoked potentials at the Institute of Neurology in Queen Square, London. She was writing up her research into patients infected with HIV and patients with Alzheimer's disease at the time of her death.

There is a need for the Floras of this world. We, her family, needed her too. That she would become the victim of an unspeakably cruel act of human wickedness was undreamt of in our worst, most hellish imaginings. When the dreadful news of the plane crash first came through on the television with those pictures of flames at the petrol station there came into …
The effect of oral retinoid therapy on the normal human immune system
Authors: K.J. McKERROW, RONA M. MACKIE, M.J. LESKO, C. PEARSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Twenty four patients were studied prior to and after 6 and 12 weeks therapy with isotretinoin (17 patients) for acne and related disorders, or with etretinate (7 patients) for psoriasis and related disorders. Patients treated with isotretinoin had a significant reduction in natural killer cell activity at an effector: target cell ratio of 100: i at 12 weeks and also a reduction in natural killer cell numbers at this time. Patients treated with etretinate had elevated natural killer cell activity and a significant elevation of natural killer cell numbers at 12 weeks. Other tests which were performed and showed no significant change at 6 or 12 weeks compared with starting levels included lymphocyte transformation in response to phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A, total numbers of circulating T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and T helper and T suppressor subsets, numbers of epidermal Langerhans cells and serum levels of IgA, IgM and IgE. In view of the involvement of natural killer cells in the initial phase of organ rejection, these results suggest that isotretinoin is the safer of the two retinoids if administration to renal transplant recipients is considered, particularly in the immediate post‐transplant period.
Early Aspiration of Joint in Christmas Disease
Authors: William J. Schaaf
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The USE OF frozen plasma<sup>1, 2</sup>has made life more bearable for hemophiliacs. Frequent hospitalization and prolonged orthopedic procedures have been reduced. Herein are presented some of my experiences since 1954 in caring for two brothers who have Christmas Disease. <h3>Report of Cases</h3> Since December, 1954, the patient has received fresh frozen plasma as an office procedure on more than 120 occasions to control hemorrhagic episodes resulting from his PTC deficiency. He has also, on a few occasions, received plasma at home and as an outpatient in the hospital. His parents keep a supply of frozen plasma, which they obtain from the Central Blood Bank of Pittsburgh, in a deep freeze and when it is needed defrost it partly at home and partly on the way to the office. The hemorrhages have been intra-articular, subcutaneous, intramuscular, peritoneal, intralaryngeal, and submucosal. The vast majority, however, were intra-articular and subcutaneous.
Preoperative Staging of Lung Cancer with Combined PET–CT
Authors: Barbara Fischer, Ulrik Lassen, Jann Mortensen, Søren Larsen, Annika Loft, Anne Bertelsen, Jesper Ravn, Paul Clementsen, Asbjørn Høgholm, Klaus Larsen, Torben Rasmussen, Susanne Keiding, Asger Dirksen, Oke Gerke, Birgit Skov, Ida Steffensen, Hanne Hansen, Peter Vilmann, Grete Jacobsen, Vibeke Backer, Niels Maltbæk, Jesper Pedersen, Henrik Madsen, Henrik Nielsen, Liselotte Højgaard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Fast and accurate staging is essential for choosing treatment for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this randomized study was to evaluate the clinical effect of combined positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET–CT) on preoperative staging of NSCLC.
The Transplantation of Parathyroid Tissue in Man: Development, Indications, Technique, and Results
Authors: BRUNO NIEDERLE, RUDOLF ROKA, MURRAY F. BRENNAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1982)

ONE HUNDRED years ago, the Swedish medical student Ivan Sandström (1) discovered the parathyroid glands in dogs and described their existence in man, horses, oxen, rabbits, and cats. He never realized the significance of his discovery or the important function of this organ in the control of calcium metabolism. For a long time the function of this organ remained unidentified, and tetany after thyroid surgery was considered the result of the absence of the thyroid. Not until it was discovered that the parathyroid glands were closely linked to tetany did they begin to receive attention. Gley (2) observed that 14 of 16 rabbits died of tetany if, together with the thyroid gland, two other glands lying underneath it were removed. Subsequent attempts to repeat these experiments failed because nothing was known about the internal and external arrangements of these glands. Not until Kohn (3) described these internal glands as existing in a great variety of animals did the basis exist for the experiments of two Italian researchers, Vassale and Generali (4). They found that removal of the parathyroid glands with retention of the thyroid gland caused tetany in animals; removal of the thyroid gland with retention of the parathyroid glands caused myxedema and cachexia. These results were confirmed in independent experiments by Waldbaum (5), Pineles (6), Hagenbach (7), Pfeiffer and Mayer (8), and Iselin (9).
Desmoid Tumour of Chest Wall
Authors: E. R. Jones, A. Golebiowski
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Breast Carcinoma Mastectomy scar .. .22(38%) Parasternal region . . . (12%) Regional lymph nodes .. . 7(12%) Distant metastases .. .13(22 5%) Pleura, lung, and mediastinum 5 Bone. 3 Brain I Liver .1 Ovary .. 1 Generalized.2 Not stated .. . 9(15-5%.)Histological examination of both the original tumour and the recurrence was reported in 15 cases.In two cases the primary tumour alone was examined and in six cases the recurrence alone.In 35 cases no mention was made of histological examination.Of the nine cases given a histological label, five were described as scirrhous.Now that the average expectation of life is increasing it seems reasonable to expect that similar cases of late recurrence will be met more frequently.Summary A case history is presented of a patient in whom wide- spread metastases from a. carcinoma of the breast were first observed 35 years after radical mastectomy.Similar cases in the literature are reviewed.
Relationships between thrombohemorrhagic complications and platelet function in patients with essential thrombocythaemia
Authors: Anna Raszeja‐Specht, Anna Skibowska, Maria Bieniaszewska, Andrzej Szutowicz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Three subgroups have been distinguished in essential thrombocythaemia (ET) patients, on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. ET patients with bleeding incidents had smaller platelet volume, lower concentrations of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 in their plasma, 10%, 26%, and 26% lower compared to patients without complications, respectively. ATP secretion from platelets of bleeders, clotters, and "no-complications" ET patients was found to be 75%, 36%, and 45%, respectively, lower than in healthy people. Spontaneous platelet aggregation appeared to be normal in about 90% of ET patients with no complications and in all bleeders but only in 35% patients with clotting incidents. All bleeders had abnormal agonist-evoked aggregation assays. Among remaining ET patients 30%-60% displayed normal values of different evoked aggregation tests. Thus, clinically distinguished group of bleeding ET patients may be differentiated from other subgroups on the basis of laboratory findings.
A general method for evaluating the cell cycle time in mammalian epidermis
Authors: E. MITRANI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

A method is proposed for the evaluation of the cell cycle time of in vivo steady state populations. It requires only an accurate estimation of either the labelling index or the mitotic index and an approximate evaluation of the period between the initiation of the S phase and the completion of mitosis. The method proposed takes into account the fact that the cell cycle is non-deterministic, the angle at which cells divide and the effect of cell extrusion from the basal layer, plus the fact that the cells can only be extruded when in certain phases of the cell cycle. Limitations of other methods recently reported are discussed.
An Early Appendectomy
Authors: Dwight O'Hara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE opening of the excellent exhibit on appendicitis at the Boston Museum of Science last fall called attention to the history of this disease and brought about considerable discussion of the first appendectomy.The desirability of early operation was a slowly evolving concept, as recently indicated by MacCallum,1 whose Dr. Rochester seemed to favor early surgical treatment in the 1850's. Many descriptions of what is now known as appendicitis were presented in the earlier literature. Dr. Benjamin Spector2 states that the first case of localized appendicitis on record in which operation was performed was reported by Mestivier,3 that James Parkinson . . .
Complementary Prognostic Values of Stress Myocardial Perfusion and Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kevin Steel, Ryan Broderick, Vijay Gandla, Eric Larose, Frederick Resnic, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Kenneth A. Brown, Raymond Y. Kwong
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Recent studies have demonstrated the significant prognostic value of stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) myocardial perfusion imaging. Apart from characterizing reversible perfusion defect (RevPD) from flow-limiting coronary stenosis, CMR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging is currently the most sensitive method for detecting subendocardial infarction (MI). We therefore tested the hypothesis that characterization of these 2 processes from coronary artery disease by CMR can provide complementary prognostic values. Methods and Results— We performed CMR myocardial perfusion imaging followed by LGE imaging on 254 patients referred with symptoms of myocardial ischemia. At a median follow-up of 17 months, 49 cardiac events occurred, including 12 cardiac deaths, 16 acute MIs, and 21 cardiac hospitalizations. RevPD and LGE both maintained a &gt;3-fold association with cardiac death or acute MI (death/MI) when adjusted for each other and for the effects of patient age and gender (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.31; P =0.02; and hazard ratio, 3.43; P =0.01, respectively). In patients without a history of MI who had negative RevPD, LGE presence was associated with a &gt;11-fold hazards increase in death/MI. Patients with neither RevPD nor LGE had a 98.1% negative annual event rate for death/MI. For association with major adverse cardiac events, RevPD was the strongest multivariable variable in the best overall model (hazard ratio, 10.92; P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions— CMR imaging provides robust risk stratification for patients who present with symptoms of ischemia. Characterization of RevPD and LGE by CMR provides strong and complementary prognostic implication for cardiac death or acute MI.