tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Objective Severity Assessment of Atopic Dermatitis (OSAAD) score: validity, reliability and sensitivity in adult patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: I. Angelova-Fischer, A. Bauer, U. C. Hipler, I. Petrov, J. Kazandjieva, T. Bruckner, T. Diepgen, N. Tsankov, M. Williams, T.W. Fischer, P. Elsner, J.W. Fluhr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

The Objective Severity Assessment of Atopic Dermatitis (OSAAD) score is a recently developed scale for evaluation of severity of atopic dermatitis, constructed from the assessment of epidermal barrier function, and properties using noninvasive bioengineering methods and computer-assisted estimates of disease extent. The method has been validated for use in infants and children with atopic dermatitis and compared with a referent scoring system.The aim of the present study was to test the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the OSAAD score as an objective tool for the assessment of the severity of atopic dermatitis in adult patients.Thirty-two adult patients with atopic dermatitis were included in the study. To assess the validity of the OSAAD score we tested it against the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis as a referent clinical severity scale, and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-16 as a laboratory variable for monitoring the activity of atopic dermatitis. Responsiveness to change was assessed in a longitudinal study comparing OSAAD, SCORAD and serum levels of IL-16 before and after treatment. To test the reliability of the OSAAD score we studied the interobserver variability of the score recorded by three independent board-certified dermatologists in 16 patients and compared it with SCORAD.We report a significant correlation between the OSAAD and the SCORAD index as an acknowledged referent severity scale. The OSAAD score correlated significantly with the serum levels of IL-16 in the acute stage of atopic dermatitis. In a longitudinal study, the OSAAD score decreased significantly, parallel with improvement of the skin findings and a significant decrease in the SCORAD score and IL-16 serum levels. We report improved interobserver variability for the OSAAD score compared with SCORAD.This is the first study validating the OSAAD score as a sensitive and reliable tool for the assessment of the severity of atopic dermatitis in adult patients.
UK policy on dementia is to drive up diagnosis rates by whatever means
Authors: M. D. Brunet
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To compare the effects of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) in patients with heart failure (HF) in either atrial fibrillation (AF) or sinus rhythm (SR). <h3>Design:</h3> Prospective observational study. <h3>Patients:</h3> 295 consecutive patients with HF (permanent AF in 66, paroxysmal AF in 20, SR in 209; New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ⩽35%, QRS ⩾120 ms). <h3>Interventions:</h3> All patients underwent CRT without atrioventricular junction ablation. <h3>Main outcome measures:</h3> The primary end point was the composite of cardiovascular death or unplanned hospitalisation for major cardiovascular events. Secondary end points included the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for worsening HF. Cardiovascular mortality, total mortality and changes in NYHA class, 6-minute walking distance, quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire) and echocardiographic variables were also considered. <h3>Results:</h3> Over a follow-up period of up to 6.8 years, no differences emerged between patients in AF or SR in any of the mortality or morbidity end points. The AF and SR groups derived similar improvements in mean NYHA class (−1.3 vs –1.2), 6-minute walking distance (92.3 vs 78.4 m) and quality of life scores (−25.2 vs –18.7) (all p&lt;0.001). In both the AF and the SR groups, reductions were seen in left ventricular end-systolic (−25.9 vs –34.5 ml, both p&lt;0.001) and end-diastolic (−20.2 ml, p = 0.001 vs 26.2 ml, p&lt;0.001) volumes and improvements in LVEF (4.69% vs 7.86%, both p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Cardiac resynchronisation therapy leads to similar prognostic and symptomatic benefits in patients in AF and SR, even without atrioventricular junction ablation. Echocardiographic improvements are also comparable.
Pretreatment with buflomedil enhances ventricular function by reducing the dysfunctional area after transient coronary artery occlusion
Authors: C. J Weinheimer, P D. Toeniskoetter, A. Conversano, P. Pelat, A. Y Dubourg, S. R Bergmann
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

The aim was to evaluate whether buflomedil (a drug used to treat peripheral vascular disease and which has a number of pharmacological actions potentially beneficial to dysfunctional myocardium) would preserve myocardial function after transient coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion.The physiological response to a 15 min balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 1 h of reperfusion was monitored in 17 placebo treated dogs and compared with that of 15 dogs which received 10 mg.kg-1 of buflomedil. Buflomedil or its vehicle were given intravenously. Myocardial blood flow was assessed with radiolabelled microspheres and cardiac function was evaluated with quantitative contrast left ventriculography.Buflomedil did not affect baseline haemodynamic variables or contractile function. At the end of occlusion, there was no difference between dogs receiving vehicle compared with those receiving drug with respect to ejection fraction [33(SD 11)% v 34(11)%] or transmural blood flow [0.23(0.11) v 0.28(0.14) ml.g-1 x min-1]. However, at 30 min after reperfusion, ejection fraction was 89% of normal in the buflomedil group compared with 69% of normal in the placebo group (p < 0.03). This difference was sustained 60 min after reperfusion, and was due in part to slightly enhanced flow during reperfusion and a decrease in the dysfunctional area (16 compared with 28 chords lower than -2 SD from the mean, p < 0.04) in the hearts of dogs receiving buflomedil. Areas at risk were equivalent (15.9% and 15.8% of the left ventricle, respectively).The results suggest that buflomedil and agents with similar modes of action may be beneficial in preserving ventricular function after transient ischaemia followed by reperfusion.
THE PROBLEMS OF CAR SANITATION.
Authors: THOMAS R. CROWDER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The railway had long ago reached such a stage of activity in America that its sanitary problems became of importance. It was not until very recent years, however, that these problems were adequately or at all generally discussed. The rapid development of the means of travel gave us a new set of sanitary questions. These have been in part answered in the papers by Bracken,<sup>1</sup>Hurty,<sup>2</sup>Conn,<sup>3</sup>Dudley,<sup>4</sup>Trask,<sup>5</sup>Rosenau<sup>6</sup>and others. That the problems presented have not yet been solved in all their relations, however, is amply proven by the great diversity of opinion still held by sanitary experts. Further investigation is needed. It is desirable to know many facts difficult of determination. But in the working out of new sanitary problems frequent orientation is necessary in order to keep them in their right relations, to apply the general principles of sanitary science,
Contribution of chlorination to the mutagenic activity of drinking water extracts in Salmonella and Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Authors: G R Douglas, E R Nestmann, G Lebel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The production of chlorinated by-products through chlorine disinfection of drinking water has been well documented. Natural organic precursors for these chemicals include fulvic and humic acids, the chlorination of which leads to the production of mutagenic compounds. Comparisons of extracts of raw versus treated waters have confirmed that clorination during water treatment produces mutagenic activity in the Salmonella (Ames) test. Present work on XAD-2 extracts of raw and chlorinated water from six municipalities in the Great Lakes region of Canada has involved a battery of mutagenicity assays for various genetic endpoints: the Salmonella test, the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), and the micronucleus (MN) induction in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. All extracts of treated (chlorinated), but none of untreated, water were mutagenic in the Salmonella assay. On the other hand, extracts of both treated and untreated water samples showed activity in the SCE and MN assays, but no consistent pattern of response with regard to treatment (chlorination) was evident. These data show that chlorination contributes mutagens to drinking water and suggest that mammalian in vitro assays may be more sensitive for detecting mutagenicity in water samples than the Salmonella test.
β1 Integrins Modulate Cell Adhesion by Regulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II Levels in the Microenvironment
Authors: Hira Lal Goel, Loredana Moro, Michael King, Natalia Teider, Michael Centrella, Thomas L. McCarthy, Marina Holgado-Madruga, Albert J. Wong, Ersilia Marra, Lucia R. Languino
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The interactions between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cancer progression. The β1C and β1A integrins, two cytoplasmic variants of the β1 integrin subfamily, are differentially expressed in prostate cancer. Using gene expression analysis, we show here that the β1C variant, an inhibitor of cell proliferation, which is down-regulated in prostate cancer, up-regulates insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, β1A does not affect IGF-II levels. We provide evidence that β1C-mediated up-regulation of IGF-II levels increases adhesion to Laminin-1, a basement membrane protein down-regulated in prostate cancer, and that the β1C cytoplasmic domain contains the structural motif sufficient to increase cell adhesion to Laminin-1. This autocrine mechanism that locally supports cell adhesion to Laminin-1 via IGF-II is selectively regulated by the β1 cytoplasmic domain via activation of the growth factor receptor binding protein 2–associated binder-1/SH2-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Thus, the concurrent local loss of β1C integrin, of its ligand Laminin-1, and of IGF-II in the tumor microenvironment may promote prostate cancer cell invasion and metastasis by reducing cancer cell adhesive properties. It is, therefore, conceivable that reexpression of β1C will be sufficient to revert a neoplastic phenotype to a nonproliferative and highly adherent normal phenotype. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 331-42)
Neomycin-Induced Steatorrhea
Authors: Arvey I. Rogers, Derk A. Vloedman, Eugene C. Bloom, Martin H. Kalser
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Malabsorption was induced in two adult patients by the prolonged oral administration of neomycin sulfate. Histopathologic small-bowel changes and altered chemical indices of absorption characterized the malabsorptive state. A defect in the hydrolysis of a long-chain unsaturated fat (triolein) was demonstrated by analysis of fat meals aspirated from the duodenojejunal junction. The pathogenesis of the hydrolytic defect is unknown but, theoretically, is related to either the absorptive defect imposed by the associated intestinal cellular damage or a direct inhibition of lipase action by neomycin.
Prox1 physically and functionally interacts with COUP-TFII to specify lymphatic endothelial cell fate
Authors: Sunju Lee, Jinjoo Kang, Jaehyuk Yoo, Sathish K. Ganesan, Sarah C. Cook, Berenice Aguilar, Swapnika Ramu, Juneyong Lee, Young-Kwon Hong
Journal: Blood (2008)
Defective lymphoid organogenesis underlies the immune deficiency caused by a heterozygous S32I mutation in IκBα
Authors: Jana L. Mooster, Severine Le Bras, Michel J. Massaad, Haifa Jabara, Juhan Yoon, Claire Galand, Balthasar A. Heesters, Oliver T. Burton, Hamid Mattoo, John Manis, Raif S. Geha
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Patients with ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (ED-ID) caused by mutations in the inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα) are susceptible to severe recurrent infections, despite normal T and B cell numbers and intact in vitro lymphocyte function. Moreover, the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in these patients is poor despite good engraftment. Mice heterozygous for the IκBα S32I mutation found in patients exhibited typical features of ED-ID. Strikingly, the mice lacked lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, splenic marginal zones, and follicular dendritic cells and failed to develop contact hypersensitivity (CHS) or form germinal centers (GCs), all features not previously recognized in patients and typical of defective noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR)–driven induction of chemokines and adhesion molecules mediated by both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways was impaired, and levels of p100 were markedly diminished in the mutant. IκBα mutant→Rag2−/−, but not WT→IκBα mutant, bone marrow chimeras formed proper lymphoid organs and developed CHS and GCs. Defective architectural cell function explains the immunodeficiency and poor outcome of HSCT in patients with IκBα deficiency and suggests that correction of this niche is critical for reconstituting their immune function.
Costimulatory signals distinctively affect CD20- and B-cell-antigen-receptor-mediated apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia cells
Authors: K Mimori, N Kiyokawa, T Taguchi, T Suzuki, T Sekino, H Nakajima, M Saito, Y U Katagiri, K Isoyama, K Yamada, Y Matsuo, J Fujimoto
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Efficacy of an automated external defibrillator in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: validation of the diagnostic algorithm and initial clinical experience in a rural environment.
Authors: K R Stults, D D Brown, R E Kerber
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) may have advantages over manual defibrillation in managing prehospital cardiac arrest, particularly in rural communities. We conducted a two-part evaluation of a commercially available AED. We first established the diagnostic accuracy of the AED's rhythm recognition algorithm by challenging it with 205 cardiac arrest rhythms previously recorded from actual patients in the field. The AED demonstrated 100% specificity and 92% sensitivity for ventricular fibrillation (VF) in this nonclinical setting. We then compared the clinical efficacy of AEDs in 18 small communities (study group) with that of manual defibrillation in 18 additional communities (control group) of similar size. Ambulance technicians using manual defibrillators correctly diagnosed VF more frequently than the AEDs (98% vs 83%; p less than .025). Specificity for VF was similar in the two groups (100% for AEDs vs 94% for technicians; p greater than .10). AEDs were able to deliver shocks more quickly than was possible with the manual defibrillators (1.56 vs 2.77 min; p less than .001). The ability of the AEDs to terminate VF was excellent, converting VF in 28 of 29 (97%) patients to some other rhythm compared with only 37 of 53 (70%) patients in the control group (p less than .01). Hospital admission and discharge rates were similar for the two groups. Ten of the 35 (29%) patients managed with AEDs achieved admission and six (17%) were ultimately discharged. In the control group 17 of 53 (33%) patients with VF were admitted and seven (13%) were discharged (p less than .75). AEDs are an effective alternative to manual defibrillation in small communities.
Nation's Blood Supply Dangerously Low, Banks Call Need for Donors Urgent
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE NATION is facing one of the most critical blood shortages in recent years, say spokespersons for the American Association of Blood Banks and the American Red Cross. They blame the shortages on crippling snowstorms, unusually low holiday donations, this year's particularly virulent strain of influenza, and the rising tide of violence throughout the United States. Blood banks in a growing number of communities across the nation are issuing emergency appeals for donors to replenish supplies that have become dangerously low. The need for blood type O is especially severe. According to the American Association of Blood Banks, Bethesda, Md, blood centers in more than 20 metropolitan areas are reporting severe shortages, and hospitals in some areas are being forced to postpone elective surgery. The association is a professional society of approximately 2400 community, regional, and Red Cross blood centers, and hospital-based blood banks and transfusion services, which together are
Extreme TB Threat
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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WHO study examines teenage health in 28 countries
Authors: J. Ciment
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The World Health Organisation (WHO) last week released its fourth survey on the health and health related behaviour of young school students in Europe, the former Soviet Union, North America, and Israel.

The health behaviour in school aged children (HBSC) study involved 120000 young people between the ages of 11 and 15 in 28countries and regions. It examined health related issues, including tobacco and alcohol use, medication patterns, exercise, eating habits, mental health, self image, peer relationships, and attitudes toward …
Experience with quantitative IgE antibody analysis in relation to allergic disease within the BAMSE birth cohort – towards an improved diagnostic process
Authors: M. Wickman
Journal: Allergy (2004)

This paper argues that with a certain allergen profile of airborne and food allergens and the use of total IgE‐antibody levels, combined with the number of allergens positive at test represent a powerful tool to identify allergic disease in childhood. The allergens featured in such a profile will be dependent on the subject's age and geographical location.
Archives of Family Medicine Appears in 1992 as AMA's 10th Scientific Specialty Journal
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE EDITOR will be announced early in 1992 for the American Medical Association's (AMA's) newest scientific journal,<i>Archives of Family Medicine</i>. The pilot issue is to be published next September, with a second issue scheduled for November 1992. Monthly publication begins in January 1993. Michael D. Springer, associate publisher for AMA specialty journals, says the new journal "is intended to provide physicians in family and general medicine with the best peer-reviewed, original clinical and laboratory research in the specialty and reports of clinical advances in related disciplines." There also will be practice information in review and how-to articles, editorials, abstracts, and features on "management, clinical decision making, medical ethics, and other patient care topics," Springer says. <h3>First 'Launch' in 65 Years</h3> <i>Archives of Family Medicine</i>is the first new scientific journal to be launched by the AMA since 1926. In that year, the journal now known as<i>Archives of Pathology</i>
Effect of fluvastatin on acute renal allograft rejection: A randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Hallvard Holdaas, Alan G. Jardine, David C. Wheeler, Inge B. Brekke, Peter J. Conlon, Bengt Fellstrøm, Abdel Hammad, Ingar Holme, Helena Isoniemi, Richard Moore, Peter A. Rowe, Paul Sweny, David A. Talbot, Jonas Wadstrøm, Øyvind Østraat
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
An Algorithm to Stratify Sleep Apnea Risk in a Sleep Disorders Clinic Population
Authors: INDIRA GURUBHAGAVATULA, GREG MAISLIN, ALLAN I. PACK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Obstructive sleep apnea may lead to complications if not identified and treated. Polysomnography is the diagnostic standard, but is often inaccessible due to bed shortages. A system that facilitates prioritization of patients requiring sleep studies would thus be useful. We retrospectively compared the accuracy of a two-stage risk-stratification algorithm for sleep apnea using questionnaire plus nocturnal pulse oximetry against using polysomnography to identify patients without apnea (Objective 1) and those with severe apnea (Objective 2). Patients were those referred to a university-based sleep disorders clinic due to suspicion of sleep apnea. Subjects completed a sleep apnea symptom questionnaire, and underwent oximetry and two-night polysomnography. We used bootstrap methodology to maximize sensitivity of our model for Objective 1 and specificity for Objective 2. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and rate of misclassification error of the two-stage risk-stratification algorithm for each of our two objectives. The model identified cases of sleep apnea with 95% sensitivity and severe apnea with 97% specificity. It excluded only 8% of patients from sleep studies, but prioritized up to 23% of subjects to receive in-laboratory studies. Among sleep disorders clinic referrals, a two-stage risk-stratification algorithm using questionnaire and nocturnal pulse oximetry excluded few patients from sleep studies, but identified a larger proportion of patients who should receive early testing because of their likelihood of having severe disease.
GW25-e2314 Study of Application of Gastric Perfusion Intralipid for Formulating Rabbit’s Hyperlipidemia Models
Authors: Ma Jianlin, Wang Liao, Lining Ma, Bin Li, Shiwu Liu, Guanliang Chen, Zhetan Su, Nina Wan, Jianlin Ma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid function in anorexia nervosa: influence of weight gain.
Authors: R D Leslie, A J Isaacs, J Gomez, P R Raggatt, R Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The functional state of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis was assessed in 14 women and girls with anorexia nervosa when at low body weight and again in 12 cases after they had gained weight. Mean serum thyroxine concentrations were low before and after weight gain. Mean serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were substantially reduced at low weight and doubled after weight gain, the absolute values being linearly correlated with body weight expressed as a percentage of the ideal. Concentrations of reverse T3 were greatly increased in some patients initially and fell with weight gain. Basal concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were unchanged after weight gain but the TSH response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was significantly augmented; delayed patterns of response were found in seven out of 12 patients tested before and three out of 12 patients tested after weight gain. Changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis are common in anorexia nervosa and probably represent both peripheral and central adaptations to the altered nutritional state.