tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy: Its Sensitivity Compared with That of Other Imaging Methods in Detecting Primary and Metastatic Gastrinomas: A Prospective Study
Authors: F Gibril, J C Reynolds, J L Doppman, C C Chen, D J Venzon, B Termanini, H C Weber, C A Stewart, R T Jensen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To compare the sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy done using [111In-DTPA-DPhe1]octreotide with that of other imaging methods in the localization of gastrinomas in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Referral-based clinical research center. Patients: 80 consecutive patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Interventions: Conventional tumor localization studies (ultrasonography, computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], selective angiography, and bone scanning) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy done using [111In-DTPA-DPhe1]octreotide with single-photon emission CT imaging at 4 and 24 hours. Patients with possible liver metastases had biopsies done for confirmation, and 15 patients had exploratory laparotomies done to assess primary tumor localization. Results: Extrahepatic gastrinomas or liver metastases were identified by ultrasonography in 19% of patients, by CT in 38% of patients, by MRI in 45% of patients, by angiography in 40% of patients, and by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in 70% of patients. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy was as sensitive as the other tests combined (59%), and when the results of all other tests were added to the somatostatin receptor scintigraphy results, tumors were localized in 75% of patients. Among patients with a possible primary tumor, the results of ultrasonography were positive in 9%, the results of CT were positive in 31%, the results of MRI were positive in 30%, the results of angiography were positive in 28%, and the results of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy were positive in 58%. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy was as sensitive as all of the other imaging studies combined; when the results of scintigraphy were added to the results of the other studies, possible primary tumors were identified in 68% of patients. In 24 patients who had histologically proven metastatic liver disease, sensitivities for the detection of any metastatic liver lesions were 46% for ultrasonography, 42% for CT, 71% for MRI, 62% for angiography, and 92% for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy was significantly better than all of the conventional imaging methods in the identification of gastrinomas later found at surgery (P = 0.004), but it still missed 20% of gastrinomas. Conclusions: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is the single most sensitive method for imaging either primary or metastatic liver lesions in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Because of its sensitivity, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness, it should be the first imaging method used in these patients. For patients with negative results on somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, guidelines about the use of other imaging studies are proposed.
Localization of Avidin in Superficial Bladder Cancer: A Potentially New Approach for Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Marco Chinol, Ottavio De Cobelli, Giuseppe Trifirò, Epifanio Scardino, Mirco Bartolomei, Fabrizio Verweij, Stefano Papi, Deliu V. Matei, Giovanni Paganelli
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Is Superior to Clinic Blood Pressure in Predicting Treatment-Induced Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Giuseppe Mancia, Alberto Zanchetti, Enrico Agebiti-Rosei, Giuseppe Benemio, Raffaele De Cesaris, Roberto Fogari, Achille Pessino, Carlo Porcellati, Antonio Salvetti, Bruno Trimarco
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In cross-sectional studies, ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) correlates more closely than clinic BP with the organ damage of hypertension. Whether ABP predicts development or regression of organ damage over time better than clinic BP, however, is unknown. Methods and Results In 206 essential hypertensive subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), we measured clinic supine BP, 24-hour ABP, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI, echocardiography) before and after 12 months of treatment with lisinopril (20 mg UID) without or with hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 or 25 mg UID). Measurements included random-zero, clinic orthostatic, and home BP. In all, 184 subjects completed the 12-month treatment period. Before treatment, clinic supine BP was 165±15/105±5 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic), 24-hour average BP was 149±16/95±11 mm Hg, and LVMI was 158±32 g/m 2 . At the end of treatment, they were 139±12/87±7 mm Hg, 131±12/83±10 mm Hg, and 133±26 g/m 2 , respectively ( P &lt;.01 for all). Before treatment, LVMI did not correlate with clinic BP, but it showed a correlation with systolic and diastolic 24-hour average BP ( r =.34/.27, P &lt;.01). The LVMI reduction was not related to the reduction in clinic BP, but it was related to the reduction in 24-hour average BP ( r =.42/.38, P &lt;.01). Treatment-induced changes in average daytime and nighttime BPs correlated with LVMI changes as strongly as 24-hour BP changes. No substantial advantage over clinic supine BP was shown by clinic orthostatic, random-zero, and home BP. Conclusions In hypertensive subjects with LVH, regression of LVH was predicted much more closely by treatment-induced changes in ABP than in clinic BP. This provides the first longitudinally controlled evidence that ABP may be clinically superior to traditional BP measurements.
A history of the American Society for Clinical Investigation
Authors: Joel D. Howell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

One hundred years ago, in 1909, the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI) held its first annual meeting. The founding members based this new society on a revolutionary approach to research that emphasized newer physiological methods. In 1924 the ASCI started a new journal, the Journal of Clinical Investigation. The ASCI has also held an annual meeting almost every year. The society has long debated who could be a member, with discussions about whether members must be physicians, what sorts of research they could do, and the role of women within the society. The ASCI has also grappled with what else the society should do, especially whether it ought to take a stand on policy issues. ASCI history has reflected changing social, political, and economic contexts, including several wars, concerns about the ethics of biomedical research, massive increases in federal research funding, and an increasingly large and specialized medical environment.
AC220 is a uniquely potent and selective inhibitor of FLT3 for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Authors: Patrick P. Zarrinkar, Ruwanthi N. Gunawardane, Merryl D. Cramer, Michael F. Gardner, Daniel Brigham, Barbara Belli, Mazen W. Karaman, Keith W. Pratz, Gabriel Pallares, Qi Chao, Kelly G. Sprankle, Hitesh K. Patel, Mark Levis, Robert C. Armstrong, Joyce James, Shripad S. Bhagwat
Journal: Blood (2009)
Removal of Toxic Levels of N-Acetylprocainamide with Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration or Continuous Arteriovenous Hemodiafiltration
Authors: Douglass T. Domoto, Wendy W. Brown, Paula Bruggensmith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Two patients with renal failure developed N-acetylprocainamide toxicity while receiving procainamide. Treatment consisted of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in one and hemodialysis followed by continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration in the other. The efficacy of these treatments was compared with the efficacy of three-times-weekly hemodialysis as used in two patients on chronic hemodialysis who had elevated N-acetylprocainamide levels. Continuous methods produced a more rapid reduction in N-acetylprocainamide levels than intermittent hemodialysis.
EXAGGERATED BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IS RELATED WITH SUBCLINICAL MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION IN NORMOTENSIVE SUBJECTS
Authors: Woo-In Yang, Sang-Hoon Kim, Jae-Youn Moon, Jung-Hoon Sung, In-Jai Kim, Sang-Wook Lim, Dong-Hoon Cha, Seung-Yun Cho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Depressive Symptoms, Insulin Resistance, and Risk of Diabetes in Women at Midlife
Authors: Susan A. Everson-Rose, Karen A. Matthews, Javier I. Torréns, Joyce T. Bromberger, Howard M. Kravitz, Peter M. Meyer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Pouwer and de Jonge (1) raise two interesting points regarding our findings on depressive symptoms, insulin resistance, and diabetes risk (2). First, they suggest that insulin resistance may increase the risk for depression. This may be a plausible hypothesis, but it is an unlikely explanation for our findings. Participants were excluded from our analyses if they had overt diabetes (fasting blood glucose of ≥126 mg/dl or a self-reported history of diabetes) at the baseline examination. …
Abstract 5508: Bromodomain and hegdehog pathway targets in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gurmeet Kaur, Russell A. Reinhart, Anne Monks, David Evans, Joel Morris, Beverly A. Teicher
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an extremely aggressive cancer that frequently recurs after conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. SCLC is a neuroendocrine lung malignancy for which there is no effective treatment that affects &amp;gt;200,000 people world-wide every year with a very high mortality rate (&amp;lt;5% of patients survive five years). SCLC cells are, indeed, small with limited cytoplasm surrounding the nuclei. The cells tend to grow as floating clusters or spheroids which are often difficult to disaggregate. Twenty-four human SCLC lines were assessed for response to bromodomain inhibitors and hedgehog pathway inhibitors. Gene expression determined from Affymetrix Exon ST1 arrays and protein expression determined by western blotting confirmed that 6 SCLC lines expressed high levels of c-Myc, 5 lines expressed high levels of L-Myc and 3 lines expressed high levels of n-Myc. The c-Myc over-expressing lines expressed very low levels of ASCL1 and high levels of SMO. The L-Myc over-expressing lines expressed high ASCL1 and moderate SMO, and the n-Myc over-expressing lines had variable expression of ASCL1 and moderate expression of hedgehog pathway genes. Gene expression data is being correlated with the protein expression in 24 human SCLC cell lines using western blot analysis. Nine point concentration response experiments were performed with the bromodomain inhibitors JQ1 and I-BET-15. In general, the Myc over-expressing SCLC lines were more sensitive to the Bromodomain inhibitors than were the lines without Myc amplification. At the IC50 concentrations, the c-MYC over-expressing lines were &amp;gt;-4-fold more sensitive to JQ1 than the lines without Myc amplification while the L-Myc over-expressing lines were &amp;gt;-3-fold more sensitive and the n-Myc over-expressing lines were &amp;gt;-9-fold more sensitive to JQ1 than the lines without Myc amplification. Concentration response experiments with the same 24 SCLC lines were carried out with the Hedgehog pathway inhibitors HPI1, SEN-450, LDE225 (erismodegib; clinical Cmax = 9 uM) and GDC0049 (vismodegib; clinical Cmax = 34 uM). The SCLC lines which over-express Myc were more sensitive to the 4 hedgehog pathway inhibitors than were the lines without Myc amplification. Although the 6 c-Myc over-expressing lines had higher levels of SMO gene expression than the other SCLC lines, they were not different in sensitivity to the SMO inhibitors than the other Myc over-expressing lines. Further studies of SCLC lines response to investigational agents are underway. Citation Format: Gurmeet Kaur, Russell A. Reinhart, Anne Monks, David Evans, Joel Morris, Beverly A. Teicher. Bromodomain and hegdehog pathway targets in small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5508. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5508
Letter: Occupational hazard in preparation of polyacrylamide gels.
Authors: R A Klein
Journal: BMJ (1976)

was also inoculated intracerebrally into a strain of mice known to be susceptible to acanthamoebae, but amoebae were not isolated.Dr Griffin also suggests that repeated naso- pharyngeal specimens should have been examined for acanthamoebae.In fact this also was done.Nose and throat swabs taken two days after admis- sion and two and four days later were inoculated into HeLa cell cultures, on to klebsiella-agar plates, and intracerebrally into mice, again with negative results.
Invasive Approaches to Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Peter Augustinos, Kenneth Ouriel
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in one-quarter of a million individuals annually in the United States and results in significant disability from pulmonary embolism and chronic venous insufficiency, especially when the proximal iliofemoral is involved. Treatment has centered on early institution of adequate anticoagulation to prevent thrombus propagation and embolism, but anticoagulation alone does not always restore venous patency and many patients are left with venous outflow obstruction and valvular incompetence—the anatomic underpinnings of the postthrombotic syndrome. Various strategies have been used to restore patency of thrombosed veins, including open surgical thrombectomy, pharmacological thrombolysis, and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy. Each modality has benefits and shortcomings. Surgical thrombectomy had previously been abandoned secondary to poor long-term results. More recently, with improved techniques and better patient selection, surgical thrombectomy has regained a therapeutic role in treating acute DVT in young patients with short segment occlusions. The advent of percutaneous techniques has allowed thrombolysis, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, and stenting to be used in conjunction with each other—allowing for better resolution of venous clot burden than when an individual modality is used alone. Practitioners who treat patients with DVT should be familiar with all the options available to restore venous patency, preserve valvular function, and thereby minimize the risk of late postthrombotic complications.
Living on the edge
Authors: S. Baron
Journal: BMJ (2001)

very doctor in the country should mourn the passing of columnist John Diamond, who died of oral cancer in March.Not only was he the scourge of the charlatans in the alternative medicine industry, but he was also the champion of today's embattled medical practitioners, who cannot open a newspaper without reading of yet another heinous crime or error perpetrated by one of their colleagues."We used to like doctors," he says in this book published posthumously last month."But that was in the days when there was some communal respect for people who knew things we didn't.Now all such esoteric
Pulsating Umbilical Cord
Authors: G. A. Neligan
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess clinical, electrophysiological and whole-body muscle MRI measurements of progression in patients with motor neuron disease (MND), as tools for future clinical trials, and to probe pathophysiological mechanisms in vivo. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective, longitudinal, observational, clinicoelectrophysiological and radiological cohort study was performed. Twenty-nine patients with MND and 22 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls were assessed with clinical measures, electrophysiological motor unit number index (MUNIX) and T2-weighted whole-body muscle MRI, at first clinical presentation and 4 months later. Between-group differences and associations were assessed using age-adjusted and gender-adjusted multivariable regression models. Within-subject longitudinal changes were assessed using paired t-tests. Patterns of disease spread were modelled using mixed-effects multivariable regression, assessing associations between muscle relative T2 signal and anatomical adjacency to site of clinical onset. <h3>Results</h3> Patients with MND had 30% higher relative T2 muscle signal than controls at baseline (all regions mean, 95% CI 15% to 45%, p&lt;0.001). Higher T2 signal was associated with greater overall disability (coefficient −0.009, 95% CI −0.017 to –0.001, p=0.023) and with clinical weakness and lower MUNIX in multiple individual muscles. Relative T2 signal in bilateral tibialis anterior increased over 4 months in patients with MND (right: 10.2%, 95% CI 2.0% to 18.4%, p=0.017; left: 14.1%, 95% CI 3.4% to 24.9%, p=0.013). Anatomically, contiguous disease spread on MRI was not apparent in this model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Whole-body muscle MRI offers a new approach to objective assessment of denervation over short timescales in MND and enables investigation of patterns of disease spread in vivo. Muscles inaccessible to conventional clinical and electrophysiological assessment may be investigated using this methodology.
Relationship of Platelet Serotonin to Disturbances of Clotting and Hemostasis
Authors: MURRAY WEINER, SIDNEY UDENFRIEND
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The presence of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in high concentration in platelets and its absence from normal platelet-free plasma suggest the possibility that this vasoconstrictor substance may play a role in hemostatic mechanisms. Platelet serotonin content measured by a fluorometric method in 94 patients showed an average content of 0.22 µg./ml. blood. In none of the disease groups studied, including hypertension, was a significant alteration found in platelet serotonin. However, the administration of reserpine resulted in a marked and prolonged depletion of platelet serotonin that was not accompanied by any significant change in any of the clotting factors. The in vitro addition of serotonin in amounts up to 50 µg./ml. also failed to alter any of the clotting factors studied. Platelet serotonin did not correlate with diagnosis, age, weight, blood pressure, cephalin-fluocculation, or capillary fragility. However, markedly anemic patients (below 10 Gm. per cent hemoglobin) and patients whose blood urea nitrogen was above 30 mg. per cent, tended to have a low platelet serotonin content.
Corrigenda to “Proximal Type Epithelioid Sarcoma of the Scrotum: A Source of Diagnostic Confusion That Needs Immediate Attention” [Eur Urol 2006;49:406–407] and “Proximal Type Epithelioid Sarcoma of the Scrotum: A Source of Diagnostic Confusion That Needs Immediate Attention: Part 2” [Eur Urol 2006;49:578–580]
Authors: Fikret Fatih Onol, Yılören Tanidir, Esin Kotiloğlu, Mehmet Bayramiçli, Serdar Turhal, Levent N. Türkeri
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Pathogenesis of alcohol-induced accumulation of protein in the liver.
Authors: E Baraona, M A Leo, S A Borowsky, C S Lieber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Alcohol feeding to rats produced hepatomegaly, associated with enlargement of the hepatocytes. The increase in liver dry weight was accounted for not only by fat but also by protein accumulation, primarily in microsomes and cytosol, with a selective increase in export proteins: concentrations of both immunoreactive albumin and transferrin were augmented in liver microsomes and cytosol of ethanol-fed rats. To investigate the mechanism of this protein accumulation, [14C]leucine was injected intravenously and its incorporation into both liver and serum proteins was measured after various time intervals. Rates of synthesis and export were assessed from protein labeling and specific activities of leucyl-tRNA. Synthesis of liver protein and proalbumin were enhanced by chronic ethanol feeding, but this was not associated with a corresponding rise in serum albumin output. Actually, there was a significant retention of the label in liver albumin and transferrin with delayed appearance in the serum of ethanol-fed rats. This indicated that, regardless of the changes in synthesis, the export of protein from the liver into the plasma was impaired. This alteration in export was associated with a decreased amount of polymerized tubulin in the liver of ethanol-treated animals. Thus, both enhanced protein synthesis and defective export contribute to the ethanol-induced accumulation of liver protein, and the decrease in liver microtubules represents a possible site for impairment of protein export.
THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS: ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS
Authors: A. Massey
Journal: BMJ (1938)

PREVENTION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS MEDICAL OURNA 337 to the frequency of sepsis in these cases.As a matter of fact they seldom would, for as a rLule they have not been booked so early in pregnancy, buLt there is some danger that the midwife might be called in by a doctor.The district nurse is obviously the right person, and there appears to be no reason why she should not be uLsed.
Fractures &amp;amp; Orthopaedic Surgery for Nurses and Physiotherapists
Authors: Claude N. Lambert
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This book was read with the hope that there would be particular application to the role of the nurse or physiotherapist in relation to fractures. It was disappointing in that there seems to be no discussion of such a role. If the book was written as a textbook for nurses and physiotherapists, it is too far advanced for their medical knowledge, particularly in its descriptions of operations, correction of deformities, and other methods of treatment. This would be better as a book for junior medical students. Several parts of the book, the reference to the making of plaster of Paris bandages for example, would seem to have been written 20 or 30 years ago. The chapter on amputations is sketchy, and there are several points of controversy regarding the treatment indicated for various disabilities. The drawings are excellent and the photographs and roentgenographic reproductions are of the usual high British
Electronic cigarettes: miracle or menace?
Authors: A. D Flouris, D. N Oikonomou
Journal: BMJ (2010)

At a time when the number of smokers worldwide is at its highest, and antismoking policies are proliferating,1 the sector for alternative smoking products is in a froth of excitement about the potential to increase its market share and revenues. One of the most recent products in the market is the electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), which is intended, whether overtly stated or implied, to reduce concentrations of toxic compounds in mainstream and sidestream smoke and to help smokers give up. They are battery powered devices that simulate tobacco cigarettes by vaporising nicotine and other chemicals into an inhalable vapour. The scarce data available so far indicate that sales of e-cigarettes are rising,2 yet recently the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expressed serious concerns about their safety.3

To date, animal and human studies on the health effects of actively or passively smoking e-cigarettes are lacking, although three toxicological analyses have been released evaluating various brands of e-cigarettes for their nicotine content and other impurities. The three reports are from the FDA,3 …