tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Johannes K. Moen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. Mononuclear exudative cells, obtained from tuberculous guinea pigs by the intrapleural injection of parowax, exhibited characteristic sensitivity to the toxic action of tuberculin when tested in tissue culture. 2. Experiments with these cells, practically free of body fluids, show conclusively that sensitivity to tuberculin is an inherent characteristic of mesenchymal cells from tuberculous animals. 3. Fibroblastic growths which developed from mononuclear exudative cells derived from a tuberculous animal showed persistence of sensitivity to the toxic action of tuberculin on repeated transplantations over a prolonged period in vitro.
Visualization of Brainstem Perfusion Using a High Spatial Resolution SPECT System
Authors: R DIERCKX, A DOBBELEIR, J VANDEVIVERE, H ABTS, P P DeDEYN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors explored the high spatial resolution of a three-head rotating SPECT system, equipped with lead super-fine fanbeam collimator. The brainstem was highlighted in a three-dimensional reconstruction, showing perfusion small structures such as mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata. The visualization of brain-stem perfusion sets new landmarks in functional neuroimaging and, moreover, was obtained with a commercially available three-head SPECT system.
OCCUPATIONAL NYSTAGMUS IN TRAIN DISPATCHERS
Authors: CAREY P. McCORD
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Occupational nystagmus has long been regarded as essentially nonexistent in this country. However, among jewelers, draftsmen, hand compositors, and similar close work tradesmen, nystagmus has occasionally been encountered; but none has been noted among miners, in which work group this disease  so highly prevalent in England and on the continent.  In 1920, Shufflebotham, 1 addressing the International Public Health Congress in Brussels, maintained that miners' nystagmus is the commonest occupational disease known to medical science. He cited in evidence the Home Office compensation figures, showing that in 1914 there were 6,000 British miners under compensation for this disease, 2,775 of whom were totally incapacitated. The British Medical Research Council appointed a miners' nystagmus committee, which in 1922 and 1923 made reports regarding the various causative factors of the condition, together with excellent descriptions of nystagmus in its several forms and degrees of severity. Thomas 2 has recently made a
Rectal Haemorrhage and Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: P. Eckstein, A. L. P. Peeney
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDICAL JOURNAL discrete nodulation (Ic), and five increase in number and size of discrete shadows with a tendency to confluence (II).Those that could not be classified according to this stand- ard were regarded as: emphysema, five; bronchitis, five; and negative, four.If, however, cardio-renal disease was thought to play any part in the development of the dyspnoea, then such patients were considered to be unsuit- able for investigation.The criteria for the test were simply (1) that the man was or had been working in the coal- mines for many years, and (2) that his main complaint was shortness of breath which could be attributed to his work, no other cause being found.Routine Adopted
Ethnic differences in risk of compulsory psychiatric admission among representative cases of psychosis in London
Authors: S. Davies, G. Thornicroft, M. Leese, A. Higgingbotham, M. Phelan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare the risk of detention under the Mental Health Act 1983 in a representative group of people with psychotic disorders from different ethnic groups. <b>Setting</b>: Two defined geographical areas in south London. <b>Design</b>: Annual period prevalent cases of psychosis were identified in 1993 in the study areas from hospital and community data. Standardised criteria were applied to case notes to establish diagnosis and detention under the act. <b>Subjects</b>: 535 patients were identified, of whom 439 fulfilled ICD-10 criteria for psychosis. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Risk of ever having been detained under the Mental Health Act 1983, risk of detention under specific sections of the act during the study year, and risk of contact with forensic services for the different ethnic groups. <b>Results</b>: 439 patients with a psychotic illness were identified. Nearly half of the white patients had been detained under the act compared with 70% and 69% of black Caribbean and black African patients, respectively. Black Caribbean and black African patients were more likely than white patients to have been involuntarily detained (adjusted odds ratio 3.67; 95% confidence interval 2.07 to 6.50 and 2.88; 1.04 to 7.95, respectively). Rates of use of sections 2, 3, and 136 in the study year were higher for black than for white patients, and black patients were more likely than white patients to have been admitted to a psychiatric intensive care facility or prison. <b>Conclusion</b>: Independent of psychiatric diagnosis and sociodemographic differences, black African and black Caribbean patients with psychosis in south London were more likely than white patients to have ever been detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Black patients are significantly more likely to have been admitted to a psychiatric intensive care facility or to prison The differential contact with mental health services may well set up a vicious circle Purchasers and providers need to assess how accessible and responsive their mental health services are to black people
Pulmonary Evaluation of Surgical Patients
Authors: Myron Stein
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Three tests of pulmonary function were performed in 63 preoperative patients selected at random from a ward service. Among 33 patients whose preoperative pulmonary function was normal, there was one postoperative pulmonary complication; in 30 patients classified as abnormal, there were 21 complications. Decreased maximal expiratory flow rates had the best correlation with respiratory complications. Elevated alveolar carbon dioxide tension was of great significance, and the nitrogen meter single-breath test was also helpful. Location of the surgical incision and age of the patient were other important factors in determining the development of postoperative pulmonary complications. This study demonstrates that a few selected tests of pulmonary function can be helpful to the surgeon and anesthetist in the selection of patients for operation and in indicating the need for preoperative and postoperative prophylactic measures.
Constrictive Pericarditis And Irradiation Therapy
Authors: George Schwarz
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In "Constrictive Pericarditis Following Irradiation Therapy" (<b>207</b>:2281, 1969), Cathel E. Macleod, et al rule out the possibility that pericardial fibrosis might be the result of stromal reaction to malignant cell implantation on the basis of autopsy findings which failed to reveal any malignant cells in the treated areas. With a tumor dose of 4,600 rads to the pericardium, the probability of encountering a surviving seminoma cell is practically nil, and the absence of these cells only proves that irradiation was effective in eradicating them. This, however, does not affect the validity of the other findings in this case which were of great interest and which emphasizes that mediastinal irradiation must be given expertly and judiciously.
Intracoronary beta-blocker protects the distal myocardium during percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Fen Wei Wang, Abdulfatah Osman, Javier Otero, George A. Stouffer, Sergio Waxman, Adnan Afzal, Angelo Anzuini, Barry F. Uretsky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia.
Authors: B Fox, W A Seed
Journal: Thorax (1980)

We described three cases of eosinophilic pneumonia of unknown aetiology investigated clinically and by lung biopsy. The illnesses lasted between six and 20 weeks and consisted of cough, dyspnoea, malaise, and in two cases prolonged pyrexia. All had blood eosinophilia and chest radiographs showing widespread bilateral shadowing; in two cases this had a characteristic peripheral distribution. One patient recovered spontaneously and the other two responded to steroids, with disappearance of pyrexia within 12 hours and radiological clearing within 14 days. Lung function tests during the acute illness showed volume restriction or gas transfer defects or both in two cases. After remission all three showed abnormalities if small airways function. Lung biopsies performed during the acute illness were examined histologically and by transmission electron microscopy, and in two cases by immunofluorescence. There was both intra-alveolar and interstitial eosinophilic pneumonia with bronchiolitis obliterans, microgranulomata, and a vasculitis. Electron microscopy showed numerous eosinophils, many degranulated, and macrophages with phagocytosed eosinophilic granules and intracytoplasmic inclusions. In one case IgM, IgG, and IgA were demonstrated in the bronchial walls and interstitium. No IgE or complement was present. We believe that eosinophil granules are responsible for the tissue damage and fever and suggest mechanisms for this and for the response to steroid therapy.
Effect of Hemorrhage on the Cardiac Output and Distribution in the Rat
Authors: LEO A. SAPIRSTEIN, ELIZABETH H. SAPIRSTEIN, ANTONIE BREDEMEYER
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

The effects of moderate and severe hemorrhage on the cardiac output and its distribution have been studied in the rat. In moderate hemorrhage, cerebral and adrenal blood flow are well maintained through localized vasodilatation while most other organs show increased vascular resistance and diminished blood flow. After severe hemorrhage, despite further changes in territorial resistances, the blood flow is not maintained in any area of the body.
A new gene involved in X-linked mental retardation identified by analysis of an X;2 balanced translocation
Authors: Ramzi Zemni, Thierry Bienvenu, Marie C. Vinet, Aziz Sefiani, Alain Carrié, Pierre Billuart, Nathalie McDonell, Philippe Couvert, Fiona Francis, Philippe Chafey, Fabien Fauchereau, Gaelle Friocourt, Vincent des Portes, Anna Cardona, Suzanna Frints, Alfonse Meindl, Oliver Brandau, Nathalie Ronce, Claude Moraine, Han van Bokhoven, Hans H. Ropers, Ralf Sudbrak, Axel Kahn, Jean P Fryns, Cherif Beldjord, Jamel Chelly
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Effect of 3 Months of Antimicrobial Treatment With Clarithromycin in Acute Non–Q-Wave Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Juha Sinisalo, Kimmo Mattila, Ville Valtonen, Olli Anttonen, Jukka Juvonen, John Melin, Helena Vuorinen-Markkola, Markku S. Nieminen
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Coronary artery disease, an inflammatory disease, may be caused by infection. We investigated whether the antibiotic clarithromycin would reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with acute non–Q-wave coronary syndrome. Methods and Results — Altogether, 148 patients with acute non–Q-wave infarction or unstable angina were randomly assigned to receive double-blind treatment with either clarithromycin or placebo for 3 months. The primary end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or unstable angina during treatment; the secondary end point was occurrence of any cardiovascular event during the entire follow-up period (average 555 days, range 138 to 924 days). There was a trend toward fewer patients meeting primary end-point criteria in the clarithromycin group than in the placebo group (11 versus 19 patients, respectively; risk ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.14; P =0.10). By the end of the entire follow-up, 16 patients in the clarithromycin group and 27 in the placebo group had experienced a cardiovascular event (risk ratio 0.49, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.92; P =0.03). Conclusions — Clarithromycin appears to reduce the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events in patients presenting with acute non–Q-wave infarction or unstable angina. No signs of this effect diminishing were observed during follow-up.
Coupling of drug containing liposomes to microbubbles improves ultrasound triggered drug delivery in mice
Authors: Steven K. Cool, Bart Geers, Stefan Roels, Stephan Stremersch, Katrien Vanderperren, Jimmy H. Saunders, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Joseph Demeester, Niek N. Sanders
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
The Burning of the Books.
Authors: Bayard Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Chicago, Nov. 24, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —No species of vandalism has ever aroused such universal execration as the wanton destruction of literature and records, whether accumulated for that purpose or captured with other acquisitions of victory. In modern times the easy production and multiplication of books has brought the dignity and presumptive value of the book to a low ebb; and, while the ancient tome had, from its very existence, a modicum of permanent value, the book of to-day may be valueless and a mere incumbrance, either because of its primary inherent worthlessness, or its worthlessness in a particular form, or on account of the enormous edition, or an edition made incomplete by abridgement, by faulty translation, by reproduction on poor paper, in bad print or with other defects. To the bibliophile any book within his horizon has a certain bibliographic, literary and commercial value, based on fluctuating interest
420. Tropism-Modified Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Mediates Targeting of Brain Vascular Endothelium In Vivo
Authors: Yong Hong Chen, Beverly L. Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is an attractive vector for gene delivery because of its low toxicity and ability to express transgenes for many months. Collectively, the different serotypes of AAV show broad tissue and cell tropism. However, AAV does not preferentially transduce endothelia when administered in vivo. In our approaches to develop gene therapy for the CNS manifestations of the lysosomal storage diseases (mucopolysaccharidoses; [e.g. Beta-glucuronidase deficiency]) and the ceroid lipofuscinoses (e.g. CLN2 or tripeptidyl protease I [TPP-1] deficiency) endothelia remain an attractive target. Endothelial expression of TPP-1 or beta-glucuronidase results in both apical and basolateral secretion of enzyme; in the brain, this would allow exposure of recombinant enzyme to the underlying brain parenchyma. We used phage display to identify peptides that mediate selective and efficient binding to brain endothelial cells in vivo. Selected peptides were genetically incorporated into the AAV2 capsid, and peptide modified viruses (PM-AAVs) tested in vitro and in vivo. AAV2-ITR genomes were efficiently packaged into PM-AAVs and viral titers were comparable to those obtained with native AAV2 (5-10^11 vector genomes/ml). PM- and native-AAV2 vectors were subsequently injected intravenously via tail vein and vector genomes in various tissues quantified 28 days later. Approximately 10^4 more PM-AAV was present in brain relative to native AAV2. Moreover, while AAV2 genomes were predominantly found in liver, PM-AAV was highest in brain. Our primary data indicate that PM-AAV2 can be retargeted to brain by use of in vivo phage display-derived peptides. This strategy may prove valuable for correction of the CNS deficiencies of several fatal metabolic diseases.
Angiotensin converting enzyme as a genetic risk factor for coronary artery spasm. Implication in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.
Authors: Y Oike, A Hata, Y Ogata, Y Numata, K Shido, K Kondo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

It has been reported that individuals with the D allele of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene are at greater risk for myocardial infarction (MI), especially among subjects normally considered to be at low risk. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the ACE polymorphism affects the risk of MI. Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is considered to be one possible mechanism for developing MI. We therefore examined the ACE polymorphism relation to CAS to determine if this was the mechanism by which the DD genotype influences MI. We studied 150 angiographically assessed Japanese males, all more than 60 yr old. CASs were detected using intracoronary injection of ergonovine maleate. Subjects were divided into three groups: those with CAS (group 1), those without CAS, but with fixed organic stenosis (group 2); and those without CAS and no organic stenosis (group 3). DD subjects were significantly represented in group 1 when compared with groups 2 (P = 0.002) and 3 (P = 0.026). These results suggest that the DD genotype relates to the greater risk for MI in the patients with CAS.
Hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Annarosa Floreani, Anna Baragiotta, Vincenzo Baldo, Tiziana Menegon, Fabio Farinati, Remo Naccarato
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rarely reported as a complication of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). However, data suggest that patients with PBC have an increased incidence of breast cancer when compared with the general population. Our aim was to analyze the incidence of malignancies in a large series of PBC patients from North–East Italy; to compare findings with those obtained in the general population of the same geographical area, as derived from the general cancer registry; and to study any possible adjunctive risk factor for malignancy. The overall sample included 175 patients (9 males, 166 females). The mean age at presentation was 50.8 years (range 23–77); 17 patients had histological stage I, 45 had stage II, 76 had stage III, and 37 had stage IV. The prevalence of gynecological diseases obtained from the past history of the females included 19.9% miscarriages, 12% hysterectomies, and 2.4% curettages. The follow–up period was 1,187 person/years (average 6.8 yrs per person as a mean). The comparison of the incidence of malignancies between the study group and the general population was obtained by the proportional incidence ratio (PIR), which is the ratio between the cases observed and the expected number of cases in the study group. Logistic regression analysis was performed utilizing the risk factors significantly associated with cancer development in the univariate analysis. Extrahepatic malignancies developed in eight cases (4.5%) and HCC in a further four cases (2.3%), all associated with cirrhosis. Two of the four patients with HCC had a superinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Breast cancer developed only in two patients. The PIR for HCC was 26.27 (95% CI 6.8–46.5), whereas the PIR for breast cancer was 0.43. The logistic regression analysis indicated that a history of cigarette smoking and HCV–RNA positivity were independent variables for the development of HCC. HCC has a relatively high prevalence in PBC and HCV superinfection may play an important part in favoring HCC. The incidence of breast cancer is not significantly higher in PBC than in the general population of the same area
Performance of HbA1c and Fasting Plasma Glucose in Screening for Diabetes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Jun-Sing Wang, I-Te Lee, Wen-Jane Lee, Shih-Yi Lin, Chia-Po Fu, Chih-Tai Ting, Wen-Lieng Lee, Kae-Woei Liang, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE The performance of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was compared in screening for diabetes by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients without known diabetes admitted for CAG were eligible. OGTT and HbA1c were assessed 2–4 weeks after hospital discharge. The performance of HbA1c and FPG was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Diabetes was diagnosed in 83 of 400 patients (20.8%). The area under the ROC curve was higher for FPG than for HbA1c (0.81 vs. 0.73, P = 0.032). We proposed a screening algorithm and validated it in another 170 patients. Overall, this algorithm reduced the number of OGTTs by 71.4% (sensitivity 74.4%, specificity 100%). CONCLUSIONS FPG performed better than HbA1c in screening for diabetes in patients undergoing CAG. A screening algorithm might help to reduce the number of OGTTs.
Autocrine modulation of IL-8 production by sputum neutrophils in chronic bronchial sepsis.
Authors: G Pang, M Ortega, R Zighang, G Reeves, R Clancy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We examined the activity of neutrophils isolated from sputum and blood of subjects with chronic bronchial sepsis in terms of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) production. In sputum, the numbers of neutrophils correlated with the concentrations of these cytokines. Sputum neutrophils constitutively secreted large amounts of IL-8, IL-1beta, and TNF alpha. The patterns of secretion, however, differed from those of blood neutrophils stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokine secretion was time-dependent and was inhibited by cycloheximide and dexamethasone. IL-10 inhibition of IL-8 production by sputum neutrophils was significantly less than that noted with activated neutrophils. Antibody to IL-1beta but not to TNF alpha, inhibited IL-8 secretion by sputum neutrophils, contrasting with results found using blood neutrophils. Incubation of blood neutrophils in sputum sol induced a similar cytokine secretion profile to that following exposure to LPS. The inhibitory effects on IL-8 protein production correlated with messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression. These observations indicate that neutrophils are a significant source of IL-8 in purulent sputum, and that an autocrine loop involving IL-1beta maintains secretion within the bronchus lumen.
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen.
Authors: L Möller, I Lax, L C Eriksson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Sources include emissions from vehicles (mainly diesel vehicles), heating, smoking, certain types of food processing, and incomplete combustion in general. Nitro-PAHs are direct-acting mutagens, and a number of them have been shown to be carcinogens. 2-Nitrofluorene (NF) represents a model substance for the nitro-PAHs. An attempt has been made to calculate the human cancer risk due to exposure to nitro-PAHs by two different models. In the first model, genotoxic lesions were transferred to units of Gray (gamma-irradiation), and in the second model a mega study (24,000 animals) on the carcinogenicity of one metabolite of NF was used to elucidate the risk. Gamma-irradiation of the rat liver gave rise to preneoplastic foci in a dose-dependent manner, which was statistically significant. The Gray-equivalents of chemically (NF) induced foci were calculated, and from the human nitro-PAH exposure, expressed in Sievert, a human risk estimate was calculated. In the second model, an extrapolation from laboratory animals to man was performed because tumor data on 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), a major metabolite of NF, were available in the literature. The tumor dose-response data on AAF was linear for tested lifetime doses. The results of both models agreed, with a risk range of 0.15-49 x 10(-6) on human cancer risk for an urban citizen.