tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3960: Whole body irradiation extends the duration of antitumor immunity toward established prostate tumors by adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in TRAMP mice.
Authors: Lindsay Ward-Kavanagh, Timothy Cooper, Todd D. Schell
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Adoptive T cell transfer following whole body irradiation (WBI) can induce dramatic tumor regression in a subset of metastatic melanoma patients. We previously found that this approach also eliminates established autochthonous SV40 T-antigen induced murine brain tumors. However, the broader utility of this immunotherapy approach has not been systematically evaluated in solid tumors of different tissue origin. Here, we assessed the efficacy of applying WBI with adoptive T cell transfer to an SV40 T-antigen driven murine model of prostate cancer (TRAMP) previously shown to rapidly tolerize tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. TRAMP mice bearing established prostate tumors were treated with 475cGy WBI followed by adoptive transfer of T-antigen-specific T cell receptor transgenic CD8+ T cells. Accumulation, phenotype and function of the transferred T cells were monitored by flow cytometry, while therapeutic impact on mouse prostate tumors was assessed by histological scoring. Transferred T cells proliferated in both irradiated and non-irradiated TRAMP mice, but accumulated to significantly higher levels and persisted longer in the secondary lymphoid organs and prostate of irradiated mice. WBI also significantly increased the proportion of T cells that produced the effector molecule granzyme B. Prostate-infiltrating T cells in both treatment groups exhibited an effector differentiated phenotype, although neither developed a significant population of IFNγ-producing cells. Gross observations revealed that the urogenital tract in irradiated TRAMP mice was significantly smaller than that of non-irradiated mice two weeks after transfer, corresponding with a modest but statistically significant drop in pathological score. By three weeks after transfer, when prostate-infiltrating T cells had dramatically contracted in irradiated TRAMP mice, cumulative histological scores were generally equivalent although only mice in the non-irradiated treatment group had progressed to adenocarcinoma. Our results suggest that the addition of irradiation extends the persistence of functional tumor-specific T cells in the highly tolerogenic microenvironment of the TRAMP prostate. T cell accumulation was associated with a short-term delay in progression of established tumors. Citation Format: Lindsay Ward-Kavanagh, Timothy Cooper, Todd D. Schell. Whole body irradiation extends the duration of antitumor immunity toward established prostate tumors by adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in TRAMP mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3960. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3960
Serum levels of thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia derived factor (TRX/ADF) in asthmatic patients
Authors: Yoshiyuki Yamada, Hajime Nakamura, Satoshi Sannohe, Norihiro Saito, Chang-Hao Cui, Tetsuya Adachi, Hiroyuki Kayaba, Junji Yodoi, Junichi Chihara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Rapid two-stage arterial switch operation. Acquisition of left ventricular mass after pulmonary artery banding in infants with transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: C Boutin, R A Jonas, S P Sanders, G Wernovsky, S M Mone, S D Colan
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Banding of the pulmonary artery (PAB) in preparation for arterial switch operation (ASO) in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) represents a unique model of acute left ventricular pressure overload in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS To establish the rate, magnitude, and determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy and the acute effect on ventricular function, serial bidimensional echocardiographic evaluations were performed on 26 patients with TGA after PAB. Mass, volume, and ejection fraction of the left ventricle were measured. Cardiac catheterization data before PAB and again before ASO were reviewed. The mean interval between the PAB and ASO was 9 +/- 4 days. The left ventricular to right ventricular pressure ratio before PAB was 0.5 and increased to 1.0 before ASO. The mean percentage increase in left ventricular mass from PAB to ASO was 96%, 95% of which was achieved in the first 7 days. The average rate of left ventricular hypertrophy for the entire period was 0.06 g/h and was 0.19 g/h during the interval from PAB to attainment of maximum left ventricular mass. The most rapid rate of hypertrophy was seen by day 2, with an exponential fall in the growth rate thereafter approaching zero by day 7. Ejection fraction was significantly reduced at 12 hours after PAB, but mean values returned to pre-PAB levels by 3.5 days after banding. The absolute rate of left ventricular hypertrophy correlated directly with body surface area but not to other hemodynamic variables. CONCLUSIONS Doubling of left ventricular mass can be achieved in 1 week after PAB. Function falls acutely due to afterload excess and/or depressed contractility but recovers rapidly as compensatory hypertrophy occurs.
Medication Reconciliation for Controlled Substances — An “Ideal” Prescription-Drug Monitoring Program
Authors: Jeanmarie Perrone, Lewis S. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In the face of an epidemic of misuse of prescription opioids and related deaths, many states have created prescription-drug monitoring programs to track prescribing of controlled substances. As such programs are developed, expanded, or retooled, reanalysis is in order.
Common Perioperative Problems and the Anaesthetist
Authors: G. M. Woerlee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Dr. G. M. Woerlee is well known in my department both as a clinician and teacher. Years ofexperience have taught him that the problems discussed here have as yet not been treated in this way in any single work. In my opinion there is a real need for such abook, not only for resident and specialist anaesthetists, but also among surgeons and internists, specialist and trainee. Management of a patient in the operating room is a matter of teamwork, and knowledge of the problems encountered is the basis of any mutual understanding! The information which has been assembled and clearly presented in this book should prove to be of great assistance in guiding our patients though an important phase of their lives. Professor Dr. Joh. Spierdijk, Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Leyden, The Netherlands. vii PREFACE Much of the literature being published in the field of anesthesiology today concerns a narrow, in-depth scrutiny of a specific area or anesthetic technique that does not provide the novice with an overview ofthe perioperativeperiod and the commoneveryday problems faced by the anesthetist. Dr G. M. Woerlee of the University of Leiden with his book, Com mon Perioperative Problems and the Anaesthetist, has filled a void in the current anes thetic literature. Dr Woerlee reviews in a straightforward, no-frills manner problems routinely encountered during the perioperative period. Other anesthesia textbooks do not cover the material in quite the same logical, step-by-step fashion.
Reply to Matsumoto et al.
Authors: S. W. van der Merwe, I. C. Duncan, R. P. Bond, K. Kok
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We appreciate the comments of Matsumoto and co-workers regarding the use of balloon occlusion techniques when managing patients with bleeding gastric varices. In our case study we aimed to describe three issues relating to the management of gastric varices, based on our experience and study of the literature.
Hepatitis B virus infection and liver transplantation
Authors: Dale C. Snover
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The histologic findings in the original liver obtained from 9 liver allograft patients with active B virus hepatitis were compared with 28 post-transplant pathology specimens. All specimens were studied with the use of light and immunohistochemical microscopy in conjunction with pertinent clinical data. Eight of the 9 patients had chronic active hepatitis B (HB) with cirrhosis, prior to transplant, one of which had coexistent hepatocellular carcinoma. The ninth patient had fulminant hepatic necrosis secondary to acute HB prior to transplantation. In all of the patients with chronic HB prior to transplantation who survived more than 2 months after transplantation, recurrent infection of the graft developed despite perioperative HB immunoglobulin therapy. The patient with acute fulminant hepatitis B pretransplant has done well postoperatively and has evidence of HB virus immunity (positive anti-HBs) 15 months after transplantation. Examination of tissue specimens obtained during episodes of allograft dysfunction in these 9 patients indicates that pathologic alterations of active HB infection of the allograft are associated with a preferential lobular insult, whereas those occurring in rejection preferentially involve portal tract structures. Serologic data combined with biopsy histopathologic data are essential in distinguishing between the two quite different events.
Politics, Parents, and Prophylaxis — Mandating HPV Vaccination in the United States
Authors: R. Alta Charo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

R. Alta Charo writes that access to the HPV vaccines has already become more a political than a public health question. Though the more important focus might be on the high cost of the vaccines, concern has focused instead on a purported interference in family life and sexual mores. Professor Charo discusses the legal, political, ethical, and financial considerations surrounding the mandating of HPV vaccination in the United States. R. Alta Charo is a professor of law and bioethics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Initial photochemotherapy of psoriasis with orally administered 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet light 'PUVA)
Authors: A.H. SIDDIQUI, R.H. CORMANE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

One hundred and seven patients with psoriasis underwent initial PUVA therapy. Complete clearance was obtained in 52.3% of the patients, incomplete in 40.2% while 7.5% of the patients did not respond at all. The non-responders to the regular PUVA treatment regime (0.5 mg 8-MOP/kg body-weight) were given an increased 8-MOP (8-methoxypsoralen) dose schedule (0.6 mg 8-MOP/kg body weight) and in 90.9% of these patients their lesions cleared after 35 PUVA exposures. However, a small percentage (9.1%) of the non-responders to the normal dose schedule did not want to continue the increased 8-MOP dose schedule because of persistent nausea. For this reason they were given regular PUVA therapy and they reacted well, but only after fifty-five exposures. Irrespective of the complete or incomplete clearance of psoriasis the patients remained in remission for a mean period of about 5 1/2 months. During the remission period the patients were advised to use a tar preparation or topical corticosteroids in the event of minor exacerbations.
Effects of Postmenopausal Estrogen Replacement on the Concentrations and Metabolism of Plasma Lipoproteins
Authors: Brian W. Walsh, Isaac Schiff, Bernard Rosner, Louise Greenberg, Veronica Ravnikar, Frank M. Sacks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Postmenopausal estrogen-replacement therapy may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and this beneficial effect may be mediated in part by favorable changes in plasma lipid levels. However, the effects on plasma lipoprotein levels of postmenopausal estrogens in the low doses currently used have not been precisely quantified, and the mechanism of these effects is unknown.
Traumatic Hearing Loss Following Air-Bag Inflation
Authors: Mitchell B. Kramer, Theodore G. Shattuck, David R. Charnock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Passenger-vehicle air bags are deployed by the rapid generation of a large volume of gas. This creates a brief (<100 msec), intense (150 to 170 dB) pressure wave that propagates through the passenger compartment.1 The precise sound pressure produced relates to factors such as vehicle size, the number of occupants, and ventilation. We describe a patient with traumatic hearing loss following air-bag inflation. A 30-year-old man, wearing lap and shoulder belts, was driving a station wagon at about 40 km per hour (25 miles per hour) when the car went off the shoulder of a snow-covered road. . . .
Atypical exanthems: morphology and laboratory investigations may lead to an aetiological diagnosis in about 70% of cases
Authors: F. Drago, P. Rampini, E. Rampini, A. Rebora
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Besides the six classical exanthems, other exanthems may occur, differing in morphology and causative agent (atypical exanthems). Their aetiological diagnosis is difficult but crucial for both the patient and community concerning issues such as time off school, immunizations, and risks for pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. Objectives To investigate whether morphology, associated symptoms and laboratory results can help to determine the aetiology of atypical exanthems. Methods We studied 112 consecutive out‐patients attending two university dermatology departments. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and throat, rectal and vaginal swabs were studied to identify viral and bacterial growth. Nested polymerase chain reaction was performed on PBMC and plasma using specific primers for herpesviruses. Serology for common viruses was investigated. Results We classified the exanthems into seven morphological patterns: macular erythema (32 patients), papular erythema (eight), maculopapular erythema (42), maculopapular erythema with petechiae (seven), erythema with vesiculation (11), erythema with pustules (five) and urticaria (seven). On the basis of morphology, in concert with the associated symptoms and laboratory results, we found a causal relationship in 76 patients (68%): 25 cases due to drugs, 32 to viruses, 16 to bacteria and three to parasites. A good correspondence between morphology and aetiology was found. The erythematous–vesicular pattern was exclusive to viral infections and was often accompanied by enanthema. The erythemato‐pustular and papular patterns were found only in drug‐related cases and in some undiagnosed cases. In contrast, the macular and maculopapular patterns were almost evenly distributed among the various aetiologies, although their colour was duskier in the drug‐related exanthems. Severe pruritus was associated with drug‐related exanthems. Conclusions This is the largest series of consecutive patients with atypical exanthems reported. Their morphology and their association with pruritus or constitutional symptoms proved to be important diagnostic clues.
Cognitive Impairment: An Independent Predictor of Excess Mortality
Authors: Greg A. Sachs, Ravan Carter, Laura R. Holtz, Faye Smith, Timothy E. Stump, Wanzhu Tu, Christopher M. Callahan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Dementia is a leading cause of death among older adults, but less is known about the mortality risk associated with milder forms of cognitive impairment. Objective: To determine whether cognitive impairment is independently associated with increased long-term mortality in primary care patients aged 60 years and older. Design: Linkage of electronic health records from a cohort recruited between January 1991 and May 1993 with data from the National Death Index through 31 December 2006. Setting: A public safety-net hospital and its community health centers. Patients: 3957 older adults aged 60 to 102 years who were screened at scheduled primary care appointments. Measurements: At baseline, patients were screened for cognitive impairment by using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and were categorized into groups with no, mild, or moderate to severe cognitive impairment. Baseline data from comprehensive electronic health records were linked with vital status obtained from the National Death Index. Kaplan–Meier survival curves compared time to death for the groups with cognitive impairment. Cox proportional hazards models controlled for mortality risk factors. Results: At baseline, 3157 patients had no cognitive impairment, 533 had mild impairment, and 267 had moderate to severe impairment. Overall, 2385 of the 3957 patients (60.3%) died during the observation period: 1812 (57.4%) patients with no cognitive impairment, 363 (68.1%) patients with mild impairment, and 210 (78.7%) patients with moderate to severe impairment. Both mild and moderate to severe cognitive impairment were associated with increased mortality hazard independent of other mortality risk factors (hazard ratio, 1.184 [95% CI, 1.051 to 1.334] and for mild impairment 1.447 [CI, 1.235 to 1.695] for moderate to severe impairment). Median survival for all 3957 participants was 129 months. Median survival for participants with no, mild, and moderate to severe cognitive impairment was 138, 106, and 63 months, respectively. Limitations: Cognition was assessed only at enrollment by using a screening instrument. Participants were drawn from a single safety-net health system and had low educational and socioeconomic status, which limits generalizability to other populations. Changes in cognition, function, and comorbid conditions were not measured over time. Conclusion: Both mild and moderate to severe cognitive impairment as identified by the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire are associated with an increased risk for mortality. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Breast cancer and hormonal supplements in postmenopausal women
Authors: D. A Viniker
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Benefits probably outweigh risks

EDITOR,--Hormone replacement therapy can undoubtedly alleviate the distressing symptoms associated with the menopause, and most research indicates that, in the short term at least, it is safe. Many women feel healthier and more vivacious when taking hormone replacement therapy and wish to continue it long term, and there is evidence that prolonged treatment is associated with a reduction in mortality …
Analysis of multiple restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the gene for the human complement receptor type I. Duplication of genomic sequences occurs in association with a high molecular mass receptor allotype.
Authors: W W Wong, C A Kennedy, E T Bonaccio, J G Wilson, L B Klickstein, J H Weis, D T Fearon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Human CR1 exhibits an unusual form of polymorphism in which allotypic variants differ in the molecular weight of their respective polypeptide chains. To address mechanisms involved in the generation of the CR1 allotypes, DNA from individuals having the F allotype (250,000 Mr), the S allotype (290,000 Mr), and the F' allotype (210,000 Mr) was digested by restriction enzymes, and Southern blots were hybridized with CR1 cDNA and genomic probes. With the use of Bam HI and Sac I, an additional restriction fragment was observed in 20 of 21 individuals having the S allotype with no associated loss of other restriction fragments. Southern blot analysis with a noncoding genomic probe derived from the S allotype-specific Bam HI fragment showed hybridization to this fragment and to two other fragments that were also present in FF individuals. Thus, an intervening sequence may be repeated twice in the F allele and three times in the S allele. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) unique to two individuals expressing the F' allotype was seen with Eco RV, but the absence of persons homozygous for this rare allotype prevented further comparisons with the F and S allotypes. Analysis of the CR1 transcripts associated with the three CR1 allotypes indicated that these differed by 1.3-1.5 kb and had the same rank order as the corresponding allotypes. Taken together, these findings suggest that the S allele was generated from the F allele by the acquisition of additional sequences, the coding portion of which may correspond to a long homologous repeat of approximately 1.4 kb that has been identified in CR1 cDNA. We saw two other RFLPs with Hind III and Pvu II that were in linkage dysequilibrium with the Bam HI-Sac I RFLPs associated with the S allotype, and a third polymorphism was seen with Eco RI that was not in linkage dysequilibrium with the other polymorphisms. Thus, 10 commonly occurring CR1 alleles can be defined, making this locus a useful marker for the long arm of chromosome 1 to which the CR1 gene maps.
Dosage-dependent tumor suppression by histone deacetylases 1 and 2 through regulation of c-Myc collaborating genes and p53 function
Authors: Marinus R. Heideman, Roel H. Wilting, Eva Yanover, Arno Velds, Johann de Jong, Ron M. Kerkhoven, Heinz Jacobs, Lodewyk F. Wessels, Jan-Hermen Dannenberg
Journal: Blood (2013)
Development of a new nomenclature for Salmonella Typhimurium multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA)
Authors: J T Larsson, M Torpdahl, R F Petersen, G Sørensen, B A Lindstedt, E M Nielsen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) has recently become a widely used highly discriminatory molecular method for typing of the foodborne pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium. This method is based on amplification and fragment size analysis of five repeat loci. To be able to easily compare MLVA results between laboratories there is a need for a simple and definitive nomenclature for MLVA profiles. Based on MLVA results for all human S. Typhimurium isolates in Denmark from the last five years and sequence analysis of a selection of these isolates, we propose a MLVA nomenclature that indicates the actual number of repeat units in each locus. This nomenclature is independent of the equipment used for fragment analysis and, in principle, independent of the primers used. A set of reference strains is developed that can be used for easy normalisation of fragment sizes in each laboratory.
Retrospective review of the management of elective surgery with desmopressin and clotting factor concentrates in patients with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Ioana C. Nitu‐Whalley, Anja Griffioen, Chris Harrington, Christine A. Lee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Limited data are available regarding optimal treatment with desmopressin (DDAVP) or intermediate‐purity FVIII concentrates rich in VWF (CFCs) in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) who undergo planned surgery. We undertook a retrospective review over 10 years (1988–1997) and identified 27 patients treated with DDAVP for 35 surgical events and 38 patients who received CFCs for 68 elective surgical events. Tranexamic acid was usually added for mucosal surgery. The FVIII:C levels and the severity of surgery were used to determine the frequency and the doses of postoperative treatment. For major surgery the median pre‐ and post‐operative doses of CFCs were 54 and 43 IU/kg, respectively, and for minor surgery the median doses varied between 34 and 52 IU/kg preoperatively and between 23 and 37 IU/kg postoperatively. The effectiveness of haemostasis was excellent in 32 events (91%) treated with DDAVP and in 56 events (82%) treated with CFCs. It is concluded that patients with VWD do not carry an increased operative risk if appropriate therapy is given. Am. J. Hematol. 66:280–284, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Donald Arthur Edward Mowat
Authors: A. M. Mowat
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Donald Arthur Edward Mowat was born in Caithness, the youngest of the six children of William and Mary Mowat of Lybster. Theirs was a military and business family: Donald followed his two older sisters to medical school and met his future wife, Eileen, a native of Montrose, at Aberdeen University. Married in 1954, they recently celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary, with …