tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunologic Aspects of Granulomatous and Interstitial Lung Diseases and of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Jordan N. Fink
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ALLERGIC asthma is the most common immunologic pulmonary disease. However, a variety of other inflammatory and genetic lung diseases have immunopathogenic mechanisms. Cystic fibrosis (CF), granulomatous, and interstitial lung disease are important representatives of these immune-mediated diseases. <h3>HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS</h3> Hypersensitivity pneumonitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis is an immunologic inflammatory reaction involving the bronchioles, alveoli, and lung interstitium. Antigens reach the alveoli by inhalation (eg, organic dusts) or enter the alveolar capillary unit via the bloodstream (eg, drugs).<sup>1</sup>These agents (Table 10-1) are usually encountered in work, home, or hobby environments. <h3>Etiology</h3> The prevalence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is estimated to be between 7% and 15% of exposed individuals. The most frequent antigens associated with the disease are derived from thermophilic actinomycetes. These organisms thrive best at 60°C in moldy compost and have been isolated from soil, hay, and forced-air heating and cooling systems in which water is stagnant. Farmer's lung,
Change in Refraction as Early Sign of Diabetes
Authors: Karl W. Ascher
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the very interesting article by Dr. Max Ellenberg entitled "Diabetic Complications Without Manifest Diabetes," which appeared in the March 16 issue ofThe Journal(<b>183</b>:926, 1963) one rather common early sign of diabetes mellitus was not mentioned, change in refraction (<i>Med Klin</i><b>19</b>:17, 1923). Patients in the presbyopic age group may excitedly tell the ophthalmologist they do not need their bifocals any more; in others, a dramatic change in refraction may occur, making them unable to drive. An increase of some diopters in the sense of myopia or hyperopia may occur within a few days. These fluctuations have been explained as resulting from changes in the hydration of the crystalline lens due to changes in the blood osmolality and may be the first symptom to arouse in the examining ophthalmologist the suspicion of a diabetic condition. There is no evidence, however, that these changes
104 HEPATITIS D VIRUS CAN INFECT AND PERSIST IN HUMANIZED UPA/SCID MICE FOR AT LEAST SIX WEEKS BEFORE BEING RESCUED BY HEPATITIS B VIRUS SUPERINFECTION
Authors: M. Lutgehetmann, M. Helbig, K. Giersch, T. Volz, L. Allweiss, T. Bornscheuer, A.W. Lohse, J. Petersen, J. Taylor, M. Dandri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study
Authors: Abdullah Assiri, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Abdullah A Al-Rabeeah, Fahad A Al-Rabiah, Sami Al-Hajjar, Ali Al-Barrak, Hesham Flemban, Wafa N Al-Nassir, Hanan H Balkhy, Rafat F Al-Hakeem, Hatem Q Makhdoom, Alimuddin I Zumla, Ziad A Memish
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2013)

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a new human disease caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV). Clinical data on MERS-CoV infections are scarce. We report epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of 47 cases of MERS-CoV infections, identify knowledge gaps, and define research priorities.We abstracted and analysed epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from confirmed cases of sporadic, household, community, and health-care-associated MERS-CoV infections reported from Saudi Arabia between Sept 1, 2012, and June 15, 2013. Cases were confirmed as having MERS-CoV by real-time RT-PCR.47 individuals (46 adults, one child) with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV disease were identified; 36 (77%) were male (male:female ratio 3·3:1). 28 patients died, a 60% case-fatality rate. The case-fatality rate rose with increasing age. Only two of the 47 cases were previously healthy; most patients (45 [96%]) had underlying comorbid medical disorders, including diabetes (32 [68%]), hypertension (16 [34%]), chronic cardiac disease (13 [28%]), and chronic renal disease (23 [49%]). Common symptoms at presentation were fever (46 [98%]), fever with chills or rigors (41 [87%]), cough (39 [83%]), shortness of breath (34 [72%]), and myalgia (15 [32%]). Gastrointestinal symptoms were also frequent, including diarrhoea (12 [26%]), vomiting (ten [21%]), and abdominal pain (eight [17%]). All patients had abnormal findings on chest radiography, ranging from subtle to extensive unilateral and bilateral abnormalities. Laboratory analyses showed raised concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (23 [49%]) and aspartate aminotransferase (seven [15%]) and thrombocytopenia (17 [36%]) and lymphopenia (16 [34%]).Disease caused by MERS-CoV presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations and is associated with substantial mortality in admitted patients who have medical comorbidities. Major gaps in our knowledge of the epidemiology, community prevalence, and clinical spectrum of infection and disease need urgent definition.None.
Successful treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa and retroauricular acne with etretinate
Authors: E.T.Y. Chow, P.S. Mortimer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Successful treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa and retroauricular acne with etretinate Get access E.T.Y. Chow, E.T.Y. Chow Department of Dermatology, Wycombe General Hospital High Wycombe, Bucks HP11 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.S. Mortimer P.S. Mortimer Department of Dermatology, St Georges Hospital, London SW17 OQT. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 4, 1 April 1992, Page 415, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00693.x Published: 01 April 1992
An immunohistochemical study of fibronectin in human osteoarthritic and disease free articular cartilage.
Authors: K L Jones, M Brown, S Y Ali, R A Brown
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Fibronectin is a minor component of cartilage connective tissue matrix, which is reported to accumulate in increased amounts in osteoarthritis. The presence of raised levels of fibronectin in human osteoarthritic cartilage by immunoperoxidase localisation is confirmed. Residual femoral head articular cartilage from 17 patients with osteoarthritis contained variable but substantial amounts of fibronectin. This was localised mainly in a band within the matrix of the surface zone. No significant deposits of fibronectin were found in this or any other area of the normal specimens. Intracellular fibronectin was identified in some cells of the surface zone, indicating that it was, in part, synthesised locally. The presence and distribution of locally produced fibronectin in osteoarthritic cartilage suggest that its synthesis is a response by chondrocytes to changes in the cartilage matrix.
An open prospective clinical trial with systemic ranitidine in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Leonard Witkamp, Peter J. Velthuis, Marc E.J.M. Verhaegh, Robert F.H.J. Hulsmans, Patrick M.M. Bossuyt, Jan D. Bos, Marcus M.H.M. Meinardi
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1993)
CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER—REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: C. S. MUSCROFT
Journal: JAMA (1901)

G. H., aged 45, had been a user of wine, beer, and whisky since early manhood, but family history was good, and he never had syphilis. The patient was seen by Dr. Muscroft about April 15, and presented the typical signs of cirrhosis of the liver: jaundice, abdomen greatly distended with fluid, feet and legs edematous, pulse rapid and weak. The liver could not be outlined owing to abdominal distention. Paracentesis was advised, but rejected. The condition was not materially improved by the administration of diuretics, laxatives, regulation of diet, baths, etc. On May 1 the patient was tapped, and 370 ounces of fluid withdrawn. Percussion revealed a very small area of liver dulness. The tapping was followed by an improvement of all his symptoms; medication was continued and the edema of the feet and legs was much reduced. The improvement was of short duration and in ten days the
The extraction of thallium-201 by the myocardium.
Authors: H F Weich, H W Strauss, B Pitt
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The concentration of thallium-201 in the myocardium immediately following injection of tracer is the result of both blood flow delivering tracer to the heart and extraction by the myocardium. In these studies, the extraction of thallium-201 by the canine myocardium was determined as a function of heart rate, coronary blood flow, hypoxia, changes in pH, and following administration of propranolol, insulin, and strophanthin. Under basal conditions, extraction fraction measured 88 +/- 2.1%, following pacing to a rate of 195 beats/min extraction fraction remained unchanged at 88.5%. Similar results were found with changes in pH, propranolol, insulin, and strophanthin. Hypoxia caused a significant decrease in extraction fraction to 77.9%. When coronary blood flow was increased in excess of demands by drugs, extraction fraction fell logarithmically.
Effect of Venous Distension on Neurogenic Venoconstriction in Dog's Limb
Authors: S. L. Samueloff, H. M. Chinyanga
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Neurally induced venoconstriction has been investigated in a dog's limb with arrested circulation and muscle paralysis at various degrees of venous distension. The increment of venous pressure on stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic was less when the initial venous pressure was high than when it was low. Similar relationships were observed when venoconstriction was reflexly elicited by sudden inflation of the lungs, and in an isolated venous segment on lumbar sympathetic stimulation.
EDUCATION FOR ALL PHYSICIANS
Authors: John Z. Bowers
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A comprehensive program of continuing medical education easily available to all practicing physicians in the United States would improve the nation's health through better medical care.  What is continuing medical education? Is it a process intended to keep the practicing physician in touch with the rapid advances in medical knowledge or is it intended to extend his skills? Are our present efforts in continuing medical education easily available to all physicians? If only 25% of the practicing physicians in many areas participate in postgraduate programs we may properly question their availability.  Is availability the only problem or is there a singular lack of interest in education after certification? Perhaps physicians have not acquired the life-long habits of learning which we presume to be essential to the improvement of medical care. What should be done to make continuing medical education an integral part of the life of the practicing physician?  The
Generation of multi-leukemia antigen-specific T cells to enhance the graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: G Weber, U Gerdemann, I Caruana, B Savoldo, N F Hensel, K R Rabin, E J Shpall, J J Melenhorst, A M Leen, A J Barrett, C M Bollard
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Implementation of Mobile Health Tools
Authors: William D. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Accreditation With Meaning
Authors: Rutledge W. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Voluntary formal accreditation of institutions and organizations offering programs of continuing medical education, approved by the AMA House of Delegates in 1964 and implemented in 1966, now has become well established. More than 750 institutions have met the basic AMA standards and have been formally accredited. As an extension of the national accreditation program, many state medical associations have established mechanisms for accrediting institutions and organizations within their borders, which offer continuing medical education programs of local focus and scope. Currently, 48 states have accreditation programs operating under the auspices of the AMA Council on Medical Education. Others are expected to follow suit. Strongly motivating this activity of the state medical associations has been the desire of physicians to demonstrate that much, if not all, of their efforts for self-renewal can be accomplished at the local level. The mere increase in the number of continuing education programs for the profession,
Resistance of the Alveolar Epithelium to Injury from Septic Shock in Sheep
Authors: Jean-François Pittet, Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish, Vladimir Serikov, Michael A. Matthay
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Experimentally, the intravenous administration of a bolus dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin in sheep or a bolus dose of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rats is insufficient to cause injury to the alveolar epithelial barrier. Therefore, the first objective of these studies was to maximize the injury caused by live bacteria to the lung by administering a large dose of live P. aeruginosa into the lung perfusate of goat lungs in situ. P. aeruginosa (2.4 × 1010 colony-forming units [cfu]) and [131I]albumin (vascular protein tracer) were added to the lung perfusate. Even though the bacterial inoculum remained very high in this isolated perfused lung system, there was no change in the permeability to protein or clearance of fluid across the alveolar epithelium, although there was an increase in lung endothelial protein permeability. Therefore, since systemic factors have been implicated in the severity and pathogenesis of septic lung injury, the second objective was to administer a continuous intravenous infusion of live P. aeruginosa over 8 h in intact anesthetized sheep. The eight sheep so treated exhibited an intact, functional alveolar barrier, even though there was an increase in lung endothelial permeability to protein and an increase in extravascular lung water. In fact, in these eight sheep, alveolar epithelial fluid transport was significantly greater than in control sheep. In the three other septic sheep there was injury to the alveolar epithelial barrier with an increase in permeability of the barrier to protein, an inability to transport fluid out of the airspaces, and an even greater increase in extravascular lung water. Interestingly, the three sheep with alveolar epithelial barrier injury had more systemic injury than did the eight sheep without alveolar epithelial barrier injury (arterial pH of 7.11 ± 0.11 versus 7.29 ± 0.10, p < 0.05). These results are: (1) comparable to our human studies in which we previously reported that the severity of systemic injury identifies which patients have a greater risk of developing acute lung injury; and (2) indicate that the alveolar epithelium is more resistant than the lung endothelium to injury caused by gram-negative septic shock.
Long-term treatment with neutral endopeptidase inhibitor improves cardiac function and reduces natriuretic peptides in rats with chronic heart failure
Authors: T Maki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Increased secretion of atrial and brain natriuretic peptide (ANP and BNP) from hearts is known to exhibit favorable effects in patients and animals with heart failure, and inhibition of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), an enzyme that degrades ANP and BNP, may further increase these peptide levels. However, it is still unknown whether such elevation of the ANP and BNP may offer a therapeutic benefit to the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). We examined the effects of ONO-9902, a novel NEP inhibitor, on changes in hemodynamic parameters, NEP activity and neurohumoral factors in rats with CHF induced by left coronary artery ligation (CAL). Methods: Male Wistar rats (220–240 g) were subjected to induction of acute myocardial infarction by CAL. Rats were orally treated with ONO-9902 (300 mg/kg/day) from the 1st to 6th week after the operation. Hemodynamic and/or biochemical assessments were performed at the 1st and 6th weeks after the operation. Results: A single administration of ONO-9902 inhibited the plasma and kidney NEP activities and thereby further augmented the elevation of plasma ANP concentration in rats with CAL at the 1st week after the operation. In rats with CAL at the 6th week after the operation, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased and cardiac output index (COI) decreased as compared with those of sham-operated rats. These changes were accompanied by marked increases in the plasma ANP, BNP and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Chronic treatment with ONO-9902 attenuated the increase in LVEDP and the decrease in COI. These changes were associated with a decrease in plasma ANP, BNP and ET-1 concentrations. Conclusions: The results suggest that chronic treatment with NEP inhibitor improves depressed cardiac function in rats with CHF. ONO-9902 may offer a new and possible therapeutic approach in patients with CHF.
Brain Tumors: An Encyclopedic Approach
Authors: John E. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In 1932, Harvey Cushing published the monograph<i>Intracranial Tumors</i>, which, in essence, described the entire knowledge of and treatment for the recognized tumors arising in the brain, meninges, or cranium. His monograph consumed 150 pages. The 990-page volume under review addresses the same subjects, attesting to the tremendous advances made in the past 60 years, particularly the last 10. It is an encyclopedic work by authorities on the multidisciplinary approach to neoplasms of the brain, from the neoplastic potential in the developing brain to the care of patients dying from the fulfillment of such potential. The book has two sections, on basic principles and specific brain tumors. The initial chapters deal with the basic science of the causation and maturation of tumors arising primarily from the glia but also from the meninges, vasculature, pineal gland, choroid plexus, and other sites. It is only natural that the main emphasis is on
Significantly higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and shorter survival after recurrences in premenopausal node negative patients with triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: BK Linderholm, M Klintman, D Grabau, P Bendahl, M Fernö, M Per
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1077 Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) amounts to approximately 15% of all breast cancer and is defined as lacking expression of oestrogen- and progesterone receptors (ER and PgR) and HER2 leaving chemotherapy as the only treatment option. The aggressive nature of TNBC is reflected by high histological grade, early onset of relapses, and more commonly visceral metastases. Further exploration of biological features in this group could (would) help to find potential targeted therapies. Aim: To compare intratumoural levels of VEGF and survival in patients with TNBC compared with HER2 positive patients and ER and/or PgR positive but HER2 negative patients. Patients and methods: 210 premenopausal patients with lymph-node negative breast cancer included in a prospective clinical trial were studied. (Ref Malmström et al JCO 19:2010-2019, 2001). Levels of VEGF were determined by an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) on lysates from freshly frozen breast tumor material. HER2 amplification was determined by in situ hybridization of tumor with Her2 + or 3+ reactivity with IHC (determined by IHC followed by confirmatory FISH in 2+ or 3+). Results: Thirty-six out of 210 (17%) patients were classified as having a TNBC. The median level of VEGF in the total patient population was 81 ng/mg total protein (range 2.0- 3610). Significantly higher VEGF levels were found in TNBC compared with HER2 pos. or HER2 neg. ER/PgR pos. patients; median levels 250, 157 and 53 ng/mg total protein respectively (p&amp;lt;0.001). Similarly, 84% of TNBC had VEGF above the median compared to 62% in HER2 pos and 41% in the HER2 neg. ER/PgR pos. group (p&amp;lt;0.001). TNBC was significantly associated to high histological grade (89% grade III) (p&amp;lt;0.001), and high S-phase fraction (p=0.001). The highest rate of distant metastases was (seen or) recorded for HER2 pos patients while TNBC and HER2 neg. ER/PgR pos. had similar relapse rates (p&amp;lt;0.001; three-group comparison). After adjustment for chemotherapy, patients with TNBC survived significantly shorter after relapse compared with ER/PgR pos/HER2 neg patients (HR=7.2;95%CI=2.1-25; p=0.002) but not compared to HER2 pos patients (HR=2.3;95%CI=0.73-7.0; p=0.16). Conclusion: We here for the first time show significant higher levels of an angiogenesis stimulating factor, VEGF in TNBC. Whether blockade of angiogenesis can be an effective new targeted treatment option for this poor prognosis group will be elucidated in ongoing trials. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1077.
BRONCHOCELE, THYROIDECTOMY.Read before the St. Louis Medical Society,
Authors: L. H. LAIDLEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Miss W., aged twenty-two years, school teacher, of healthy parentage, was born and lived in the southeastern part of Missouri. At the age of thirteen had an enlargement make its appearance over the thyroid gland, which gradually enlarged until two years ago, when it began to grow rapidly. The form of development was the usual larger right lobe the size of an orange, the left being one-fourth its size. Immediately above the right another smaller enlargement was observed, which in all probability was an auxiliary thyroid gland undergoing degeneration. The physical symptoms were rapid increase in loss of strength, being unable to go up stairs without great difficulty, loss of flesh, palpitation of the heart with mental disturbances. Her general appearance had changed so rapidly as to alarm her friends. She was anœmic, with the usual anxious and greatly distressed appearance. Her eyes were slightly protruding, which may have been