tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in the Prenatal Period and Subsequent Neurodevelopment in Eastern Slovakia
Authors: Hye-Youn Park, June-Soo Park, Eva Sovcikova, Anton Kocan, Linda Linderholm, Ake Bergman, Tomas Trnovec, Irva Hertz-Picciotto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundHydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs), unlike PCBs, are in general readily excreted yet are still detected in humans and animals. Active transport of OH-PCBs across the placenta and hydroxylation of PCBs by the fetus suggest the potential for greater impact on the fetus compared with the parent PCB compounds, but little is known about their health effects, particularly in humans.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between prenatal OH-PCB exposure and neurodevelopment in children at 16 months of age in eastern Slovakia.MethodsA birth cohort (n = 1,134) was enrolled during 2002–2004. We analyzed six OH-PCB metabolites (4-OH-CB-107, 3-OH-CB-153, 4-OH-CB-146, 3′-OH-CB-138, 4-OH-CB-187, and 4′-OH-CB-172) in a subset of the cohort. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to the children at the 16-month follow-up visit. We developed multiple linear regression models predicting standardized scores for the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) from maternal (n = 147) and cord (n = 80) serum OH-PCB concentrations, adjusting for sex of child, district, HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment) score, and maternal score on Raven's Progressive Matrices.ResultsCord 4-OH-CB-107 was significantly associated with lower MDI (β = −2.27; p = 0.01) and PDI (β = −4.50; p = 0.004). Also, maternal 4-OH-CB-107 was significantly associated with lower MDI (β = −1.76; p = 0.03) but not PDI. No other OH-PCB metabolites were associated with decreased PDI or MDI.ConclusionsOur findings showed a significant association of 4-OH-CB-107 with decreased MDI, which can possibly be mediated by endocrine disruption, altered neurotransmitter functions, or reduced thyroid hormone concentrations in brain.
MODIFIED TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: T. B. GREENLEY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The treatment of typhoid fever might be termed a hackneyed subject, but as it is a prevalent disease in many sections of the country, and there seems to be no settled mode of treatment, I regarded myself at liberty to try something new in its management. As it is usually a protracted disease, anything that we can use safely in its treatment, by which its extent can be shortened, I regard as legitimate. Some say: Treat the patient instead of the disease, while others say: Watch and treat symptoms as they arise; others again contend that diet is the main thing in its control. I am of the opinion that we must, to some extent, pay attention to all these considerations, and at the same time not neglect the mind and pleasant surroundings. As far as I am individually concerned, I have had but few cases of the disease coming
Blood thrombogenicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with glycemic control
Authors: Julio I Osende, Juan Jose Badimon, Valentin Fuster, Perry Herson, Phil Rabito, Ramapriya Vidhun, Azfar Zaman, Oswaldo J Rodriguez, Eli I Lev, Ursula Rauch, Gerard Heflt, John T Fallon, Jill P Crandall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Allowing Resources During the Certification Examination
Authors: David L. Keller
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A CRYSTALLINE PRESSOR SUBSTANCE (ANGIOTONIN) RESULTING FROM THE REACTION BETWEEN RENIN AND RENIN-ACTIVATOR
Authors: Irvine H. Page, O. M. Helmer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. Renin reacts with renin-activator to form a strong pressor substance which is heat-stable, water- and alcohol-soluble, fluorescent, acid-stable, and alkali-labile. It is a reducing substance and is destroyed by strong oxidizing substances. It forms crystalline salts with oxalic and picric acids. The color reaction for arginine is the only one found to be strongly positive. It is suggested that this substance be called angiotonin. 2. Angiotonin produces a sharp, immediate rise in arterial pressure when injected intravenously. Pithing and dissipation of the anesthetic appear to increase the response. Tachyphylaxis occurs, in contrast to renin, only after many single doses. 3. The responses to adrenaline and angiotonin do not parallel one another. Cocaine, atropine, and stilbestrol do not affect the pressor action of angiotonin. Suprarenalectomy in brief experiments is also without effect. 4. Maximal amounts of angiotonin result when the proportion between renin and activator is roughly 3 to 100. This is not a stoichiometric relationship in the chemical sense. The temperature suitable for good yields is about 38 degrees C., and the time of reaction from 10 to 20 minutes. 5. Renin destroys angiotonin when incubated with it. 6. Angiotonin causes marked contraction of intestinal segments of rabbits without reducing their rhythmic motion. It sensitizes the intestine to further doses of angiotonin and alters the intestine such that renin-activator contracts it. Angiotonin also constricts the vessels of a rabbit's ear perfused with blood or Ringer's solution.
The Struggle over Physician-Payment Reform
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The relationship between physicians and Medicare, which was turbulent throughout the 1980s, has entered a volatile new phase with one strikingly unusual dimension. Congress is solidly in the profession's corner in a protest over the manner in which the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) proposes to implement a new law changing the way Medicare pays physicians and other providers of care to 33 million elderly and disabled people. The changes, which the department's Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) is now implementing, will create a new schedule of physicians' fees, impose more stringent constraints on the growth of reimbursement . . .
Transference Relation to the Hospital
Authors: L.A.J.M van Eck
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

In this communication will be discussed the transference aspects ot the patient's relation to the hospital. This will first be differentiated from the transference relation to the different persons in the hospital. Early 'oral' aspects, expressing themselves in an attitude of demanding dependency and a low frustration level for separation-like experiences, are of great importance. These transference relations may be hidden behind a behaviour that seems to have more connection with higher levels of development. The structure of the hospital administration is often indicated as the main way to counteract these regressive tendencies. Administrative and structural measures should be accompanied by psychothera-peutic interpretation of the transference aspects.
Why is the genome variable? Insights from Drosophila
Authors: Charles F. Aquadro
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1992)

The analysis of variation in DNA restriction maps and DNA sequence in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and related species has revealed a remarkable richness of diversity. This review describes some of the results of population genetic studies of this variation that are beginning to reveal how interactions between natural selection, genetic drift, mutation rate, recombination rate and population size have contributed to the observed patterns.
Mitochondrial membrane potential: a novel biomarker of oxidative environmental stress.
Authors: Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Sarah E Kreps, Christophe Adrie, Josette Dall'Ava, David Christiani, Barbara S Polla
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Epidemiologic analyses, traditionally based on long-term cohort or case-control studies, provide retrospective causal associations between exposure to a particular environmental stressor and an exposure-related disease end point. Recent research initiatives have propelled a shift toward exploring molecular epidemiology and molecular biological markers (biomarkers) as a means of providing more immediate, quantitative risk assessment of potentially deleterious environmental exposures. We compared, in normal human monocytes isolated from the blood of healthy donors, variations in Hsp70 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m) in response to exposure to either tobacco smoke or gamma-irradiation, two models for environmentally mediated oxidant exposure. On the basis of its mechanistic specificity for oxidants and little baseline variation in cells from distinct individuals, we propose that delta psi m represents a selective in vitro and in vivo biomarker for oxidant exposure. delta psi m may be used to gauge risks associated with oxidant-mediated air pollution and radiation.
CALORIES IN MEDICAL PRACTICE
Authors: EUGENE F. DU BOIS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Calories in medical practice are just as important as they ever were, in spite of the fact that attention has been centered on the vitamins. No supplements of vitamins or mineral elements can alter the laws of the conservation of energy. Calories are still needed to keep the body warm and to furnish energy for muscular work.  Calories, or British thermal units, form the basis of calculations in engineering, in the estimation of the heating values of commercial fuels and in the estimation of the feeding of populations. Perhaps in the latter connection they may determine the outcome of the present war. A physician, however, is directly concerned with calories in relatively limited fields. He must know the calories of the basal metabolism, he must understand the construction of an adequate diet in both health and disease and he must know how to construct high or low calory dies that
The optimal timing for urgent endoscopy in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: C. Lim, M. Ahmed
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

We found the article of Lim and colleagues of great interest as they try to identify patients who will benefit from endoscopy at the earliest possible opportunity for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), the “holy-grail” in endoscopy [1]. The authors demonstrated statistically significant results by re-defining the original Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) for patients at low or high risk of needing urgent endoscopy to manage their upper gastrointestinal bleeding [2]. However, there are aspects of their study that warrant further discussion.
Secretion of heparin-binding protein from human neutrophils is determined by its localization in azurophilic granules and secretory vesicles
Authors: Hans Tapper, Anna Karlsson, Matthias Mörgelin, Hans Flodgaard, Heiko Herwald
Journal: Blood (2002)

Human neutrophils have an important role in host defense against microbial infection. At different stages of an infectious process, neutrophils progressively up-regulate receptors and release various effector molecules. These are stored in several distinct types of granules with varying propensity to be secreted. Heparin-binding protein (HBP), also known as CAP37 or azurocidin, is a multifunctional, inactive serine-protease homologue. The present work shows that HBP is released from neutrophils on stimulation with secretagogues that do not trigger the secretion of azurophilic granule content. Therefore, the subcellular localization of HBP was investigated in more detail. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that HBP was localized close to the plasma membrane. Further analysis by fractionation of postnuclear supernatants from cavitated neutrophils showed that HBP is stored in azurophilic granules and secretory vesicles but that it is also detected to a minor extent in the plasma membrane. These findings were confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy showing that HBP colocalized with marker proteins of azurophilic granules and secretory vesicles. The presence of HBP in secretory vesicles possibly depends on the stage of cell differentiation, since the promyelocytic cell line HL-60 contains less HBP than mature neutrophils, stored exclusively in the less easily mobilized azurophilic granules. Our findings suggest that HBP can be synthesized or targeted to easily mobilized compartments at a late stage of neutrophil maturation. The ability of neutrophils to secrete HBP from secretory vesicles may be important for proinflammatory functions of this protein, such as the alteration of vascular permeability.
The Safety of Aspartame
Authors: H. L. Levy, S. E. Waisbren
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a Letter to the Editor, Dr Pardridge<sup>1</sup>interpreted our data<sup>2</sup>on effects of maternal hyperphenylalaninemia on offspring IQ as indicating "a 10.5-point drop in the IQ of babies born of mothers with 250-μmol/L increments in the blood phenylalanine level." This is an inaccurate interpretation of the data, as we have previously pointed out.<sup>3</sup>By categorizing the information in Fig 1 of our report according to the maternal plasma phenylalanine levels represented in our sample, we obtained the following mean IQ scores for offspring: This does not represent a 10.5-point drop in IQ of offspring for each 250-μmol/L increment in the maternal plasma phenylalanine level. In fact, the mean IQ of 119 for offspring at maternal plasma phenylalanine levels of 200 to 300 μmol/L—which are higher than the plasma phenylalanine levels that normal individuals or those who carry the gene for phenylketonuria have even
Headache after carotid endarterectomy.
Authors: J Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Forty-eight hours after undergoing a successful right carotid endarectomy a patient complained of headache in and behind the right eye radiating to the temple and forehead. The onset of headache was sudden, and the pain was severe and throbbing. After three weeks of regular four- to eight-hour attacks each day the headaches gradually became less frequent. Two months after operation they had disappeared completely. Headache as a complication of endarterectomy is rare, but typically it is vascular and subsides spontaneously in one to six months. If a predisposition to migraine were a precipitating factor many more cases would be expected. No possible explanation for for headache after carotid prearterectomy can account adequately for its apparent rarity.
INTERPRETING MEASUREMENTS OF CARDIAC FUNCTION USING VENDOR-INDEPENDENT SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN CHILDREN: A PROSPECTIVE, BLINDED COMPARISON WITH CATHETER-DERIVED MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Suma Potiny Goudar, Girish Shirali, Shahryar Chowdhury, G. Hamilton Baker, Mark Scheurer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Dual Roles of PARP-1 Promote Cancer Growth and Progression
Authors: Matthew J. Schiewer, Jonathan F. Goodwin, Sumin Han, J. Chad Brenner, Michael A. Augello, Jeffry L. Dean, Fengzhi Liu, Jamie L. Planck, Preethi Ravindranathan, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Peter McCue, Leonard G. Gomella, Ganesh V. Raj, Adam P. Dicker, Jonathan R. Brody, John M. Pascal, Margaret M. Centenera, Lisa M. Butler, Wayne D. Tilley, Felix Y. Feng, Karen E. Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2012)

PARP-1 is an abundant nuclear enzyme that modifies substrates by poly(ADP-ribose)-ylation. PARP-1 has well-described functions in DNA damage repair and also functions as a context-specific regulator of transcription factors. With multiple models, data show that PARP-1 elicits protumorigenic effects in androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cells, in both the presence and absence of genotoxic insult. Mechanistically, PARP-1 is recruited to sites of AR function, therein promoting AR occupancy and AR function. It was further confirmed in genetically defined systems that PARP-1 supports AR transcriptional function, and that in models of advanced prostate cancer, PARP-1 enzymatic activity is enhanced, further linking PARP-1 to AR activity and disease progression. In vivo analyses show that PARP-1 activity is required for AR function in xenograft tumors, as well as tumor cell growth in vivo and generation and maintenance of castration resistance. Finally, in a novel explant system of primary human tumors, targeting PARP-1 potently suppresses tumor cell proliferation. Collectively, these studies identify novel functions of PARP-1 in promoting disease progression, and ultimately suggest that the dual functions of PARP-1 can be targeted in human prostate cancer to suppress tumor growth and progression to castration resistance.These studies introduce a paradigm shift with regard to PARP-1 function in human malignancy, and suggest that the dual functions of PARP-1 in DNA damage repair and transcription factor regulation can be leveraged to suppress pathways critical for promalignant phenotypes in prostate cancer cells by modulation of the DNA damage response and hormone signaling pathways. The combined studies highlight the importance of dual PARP-1 function in malignancy and provide the basis for therapeutic targeting.
Dichotomy of Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Kyriacos G. Kolocassides, Manuel Galiñanes, David J. Hearse
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Acceleration of ischemic contracture is conventionally accepted as a predictor of poor postischemic function. Hence, protective interventions such as cardioplegia delay ischemic contracture and improve postischemic contractile recovery. We compared the effect of ischemic preconditioning and cardioplegia (alone and in combination) on ischemic contracture and postischemic contractile recovery. Methods and Results Isolated rat hearts were aerobically perfused with blood for 20 minutes before being subjected to zero-flow normothermic global ischemia for 35 minutes and reperfusion for 40 minutes. Hearts were perfused at a constant pressure of 60 mm Hg and were paced at 360 beats per minute. Left ventricular developed pressure and ischemic contracture were assessed with an intraventricular balloon. Four groups (n=8 hearts per group) were studied: control hearts with 35 minutes of unprotected ischemia, hearts preconditioned with one cycle of 3 minutes of ischemia plus 3 minutes of reperfusion before 35 minutes of ischemia, hearts subjected to cardioplegia with St Thomas’ solution infused for 1 minute before 35 minutes of ischemia, and hearts subjected to preconditioning plus cardioplegia before 35 minutes of ischemia. After 40 minutes of reperfusion, each intervention produced a similar improvement in postischemic left ventricular developed pressure (expressed as a percentage of its preischemic value: preconditioning, 44±2%; cardioplegia, 53±3%; preconditioning plus cardioplegia, 54±4%; and control, 26±6%, P &lt;.05). However, preconditioning accelerated whereas cardioplegia delayed ischemic contracture; preconditioning plus cardioplegia gave an intermediate result. Thus, times to 75% contracture were as follows: control, 14.3±0.4 minutes; preconditioning, 6.2±0.3 minutes; cardioplegia, 23.9±0.8 minutes; and preconditioning plus cardioplegia, 15.4±2.4 minutes ( P &lt;.05 preconditioning and cardioplegia versus control). In additional experiments, using blood- and crystalloid-perfused hearts, we describe the relationship between the number of preconditioning cycles and ischemic contracture. Conclusions Although preconditioning accelerates, cardioplegia delays, and preconditioning plus cardioplegia has little effect on ischemic contracture, each affords similar protection of postischemic contractile function. These results question the utility of ischemic contracture as a predictor of the protective efficacy of anti-ischemic interventions. They also suggest that preconditioning and cardioplegia may act through very different mechanisms.
Race, Sex, Poverty, and the Medical Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Elderly
Authors: Saif S. Rathore, Alan K. Berger, Kevin P. Weinfurt, Manning Feinleib, William J. Oetgen, Bernard J. Gersh, Kevin A. Schulman
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Race, sex, and poverty are associated with the use of diagnostic cardiac catheterization and coronary revascularization during treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the association of sociodemographic characteristics with the use of less costly, more readily available medical therapies remains poorly characterized. Methods and Results —We evaluated 169 079 Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years of age treated for AMI between January 1994 and February 1996 to determine the association of patient race, sex, and poverty with the use of medical therapy. Multivariable regression models were constructed to evaluate the unadjusted and adjusted influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the use of 2 admission (aspirin, reperfusion) and 2 discharge therapies (aspirin, β-blockers) indicated during the treatment of AMI. Therapy use varied by patient race, sex, and poverty status. Black patients were less likely to undergo reperfusion (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78, 0.91) or receive aspirin on admission (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96, 0.99) and β-blockers (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88, 1.00) at discharge. Female patients were less likely to receive aspirin on admission (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99) and discharge (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96, 0.99). Poor patients were less likely to receive aspirin (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96, 0.98) or reperfusion (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93, 1.00) on admission and aspirin (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96, 1.00), or β-blockers (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99) on discharge. Conclusions —Medical therapies are currently underused in the treatment of black, female, and poor patients with AMI.
Contact dermatitis in the young and elderly
Authors: J.D. Wilkinson, Stephanie Shaw
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

It is frequently stated that children are less susceptible to the development of allergic contact dermatitis and that they are more prone to irritant reactions on patch‐testing. It is also said that reactivity is generally less in the elderly. An analysis of 10 years' patch‐test results at Wycombe General Hospital show that none of these statements is, in fact, correct. Children, although in general having a lower risk of contact exposure, deliver a very high yield of relevant positive patch‐test reactions following selective patch‐testing and a substantial number of girls have already become nickel‐sensitive by the time they are 16 years of age. Although the allergen environment again becomes simpler with increasing age (and some old sensitivities are thereby lost) many elderly patients continue to have a reactive skin and allergen recall well into the seventh decade. Differences in the pattern of sensitivity and reactivity between the two age groups will be detailed and discussed.