tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on glomerular filtration rate in diabetic nephropathy.
Authors: P Skott, E Hommel, S Arnold-Larsen, H H Parving
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Background</h3> The World Health Organization (WHO) defines eHealth as ‘the combined use of information and communications technologies for health’ [1]. eHealth strategies worldwide aim to promote quality, safety and efficiency by underpinning shared healthcare provision with technology. The Scottish eHealth Strategy incorporates an ePharmacy programme to support pharmacists’ increasing role in shared care [2]. It acknowledges organisational development and training for core and optional eHealth services as key. <h3>Purpose</h3> To explore and report methodologies, findings and gaps in research related to healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the adoption of eHealth technologies for shared care. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> A systematic review was conducted using a meta-narrative approach [3]. Articles published post-2004 in English were included; articles on Internet searches for health information or email were excluded. Data were extracted, synthesised and summarised. Ethical approval was not required. <h3>Results</h3> Screening reduced the initial 327 papers identified to 12 which included three reviews, four qualitative, two mixed-methods and three quantitative studies. Data were collected using questionnaires (3), case study (1), group (2) and individual (6) interviews, observation (3) and extraction of data from records (1). Practice settings were remote rural or urban featuring primary care, secondary care or both. The focus was on electronic records (7), telemedicine (2) or general eHealth implementation (3) from the perspective of doctors, nurses, IT developers, policy makers and managers. One study included the views of a hospital pharmacist. Acceptance of eHealth technologies is reported but with cost effectiveness, resourcing and training questioned. Emerging themes are organisational, social and technical. <h3>Conclusions </h3> Strategists worldwide believe technology has the potential to promote quality, safety and efficiency in shared care where organisational, social and technical issues are addressed. However, evidence of hospital pharmacists’ views, their perceptions of eHealth and shared care, organisational development and training needs remain under-researched. <h3>References</h3> World Health Organization (2010). Atlas eHealth country profiles: based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth. WHO: Geneva. Scottish Government (2008). eHealth Strategy 2008–2011. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/08 /27103130/13 Greenhalgh, T.<i> et al</i>,<i></i>(2005). Storylines of research in diffusion of innovation: a meta-narrative approach to systematic review. <i>Social science &amp; medicine</i>, 61(2), pp. 417–430. No conflict of interest.
Abstract 3744: G-CSF-dependent regulation of STAT3 in neuroblastoma cancer stem cell subpopulations.
Authors: Saurabh Agarwal, Zaowen Chen, Danielle Hsu, Eugene Kim, Jason M. Shohet
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is a neural crest derived malignancy arising form peripheral sympathetic nervous system of infants and young children. We have recently defined a highly tumorigenic sub-population of neuroblastoma cells based on surface expression of CD114 (the G-CSF receptor, CSF3R). These cells meet the operational criteria for cancer stem cells based on their self-renewal, differentiation and lineage restricted tumorigenicity, and can be isolated directly from primary tumor biopsy specimens. As STAT3 activation is a canonical downstream event of G-CSF receptor ligation, is critical for neuronal specification, and is implicated in cancer stem cell maintenance, we hypothesized that inhibition of the STAT3 pathway may functionally inhibit the cancer stem cell-like neuroblastoma subpopulation. We used pathway-specific qPCR arrays to evaluate differential gene expression in CD114+ and CD114- tumor subpopulations. As predicted, STAT3 target genes were up-regulated in the CD114+ stem cell-like population. In addition, critical genes controlling early neural crest specification, cell cycle progression, self-renewal, and maintenance of pluripotency were up-regulated in CD114+ population while markers of mature mesenchymal neural crest were increased in CD114- population. Treatment of Neuroblastoma cell lines with G-CSF increased both CD114 expression and STAT3 transcriptional activation in a dose and time dependent manner. Phospho-flow analysis confirmed STAT3 phosphorylation (Y705) in response to exogenous G-CSF. The addition of a STAT3 inhibitor which prevents phosphorylation and dimerization of STAT3 (Stattic), specifically abrogated the effect of exogenous G-CSF treatment. Finally, we identified putative STAT3 binding sites within the 5’UTR of the CSF3R gene and confirmed binding of STAT3 and pSTAT3 using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis (ChIP-qPCR). We demonstrate significant enrichment of binding in response to exogenous G-CSF within CD114 receptor positive subpopulation in contrast to CD114- population. These data support a model for a positive-feedback loop where G-CSF triggers STAT3 dependent up-regulation of the G-CSF receptor, further sensitizing these cells to exogenous ligand, promoting STAT3 transcriptional activation, and contributing to stem cell maintenance. Our data support further evaluation of the potential clinical role for specific STAT3 inhibitors as anti-cancer stem cell therapy in neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Saurabh Agarwal, Zaowen Chen, Danielle Hsu, Eugene Kim, Jason M. Shohet. G-CSF-dependent regulation of STAT3 in neuroblastoma cancer stem cell subpopulations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3744. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3744
Use of an Anti–Interleukin-5 Antibody in the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome with Eosinophilic Dermatitis
Authors: Sabine-Gisela Plötz, Hans-Uwe Simon, Ulf Darsow, Dagmar Simon, Ekatherina Vassina, Shida Yousefi, Rüdiger Hein, Tim Smith, Heidrun Behrendt, Johannes Ring
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Three patients with hypereosinophilia and severe eosinophilic dermatitis in whom a variety of conventional treatments were ineffective had a rapid response to infusions of a humanized anti–interleukin-5 antibody. None of the patients had evidence of a clonal T-cell disorder or a myeloproliferative disease.
Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer of a secreted decoy human macrophage scavenger receptor reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDL receptor knockout mice
Authors: Johanna Jalkanen, Pia Leppänen, Katri Pajusola, Outi Närvänen, Anssi Mähönen, Elisa Vähäkangas, David R Greaves, Hansruedi Büeler, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Macrophage scavenger receptors (MSR) promote atherosclerotic lesion formation, and modulation of MSR activity has been shown to influence atherosclerosis. Soluble receptors are effective in inhibiting receptor-mediated functions in various diseases. We have generated a secreted macrophage scavenger receptor (sMSR) that consists of the bovine growth hormone signal sequence and the human MSR A I extracellular domains. sMSR reduces degradation of atherogenic modified low-density lipoproteins and monocyte/macrophage adhesion on endothelial cells in vitro. To test long-term effects of sMSR, atherosclerosis-susceptible LDLR knockout mice were transduced via the tail vein with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing sMSR or control enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and a Western-type diet was started. Gene transfer caused a temporary elevation in alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino transferase values without a change in C-reactive protein. sMSR protein was detected in the plasma of the transduced mice by a specific ELISA 6 months after the gene transfer. AAV-mediated sMSR gene transfer reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in the aorta by 21% (P < 0.05) compared to EGFP-transduced control mice. Even though eradication of established disease was not possible, atherosclerotic lesion formation could be modified using AAV-mediated gene transfer of the decoy sMSR.
Book Review Acute Renal Failure: New Concepts and Therapeutic Strategies (Contemporary Issues in Nephrology. Vol. 30.) Edited by Michael S. Goligorsky. 499 pp. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1995. $89. 0-443-07580-8 Renal Failure: Diagnosis and treatment (Developments in Nephrology. Vol. 37.) Edited by J. Gary Abuelo. 276 pp. Boston, Kluwer Academic, 1995. $150. 0-7923-3438-8
Authors: Stanley Goldfarb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)
PELVIC DISEASES IN YOUNG GIRLS.
Authors: FLORUS F. LAWRENCE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

This brings us to the question of physiology.In all these cases, rich or poor, we must regulate diet above all other things.Medication also sometimes will be re¬ quired, but comparatively little.The various gymnastic sports should be encouraged, but regulated by the phy¬ sician.This is the only way we are able to reach some people and make them take the necessary exercises.The one trouble with most of these are that they are lopsided, will develop only certain parts of certain muscles and parts of the body, while it is so essential to have a system¬ atic and symmetrical development of the body.We are not always able to reach our ideals with stubborn and selfish patients, but we must do the best we can and always strive for it.Trying, therefore, to guide the young girl to strong and vigorous motherhood, it is not necessary to pay any attention to the menstrual function.That will come without trouble unless there are organic defects and changes which will have to be looked after and remedied, but that does not concern us here.
1366 HIGH SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE (SVR) AMONG GENOTYPE 1 PREVIOUS NON-RESPONDERS AND RELAPSERS TO PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN WHEN RE-TREATED WITH BOCEPREVIR (BOC) PLUS PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A/RIBAVIRIN
Authors: S. Flamm, E. Lawitz, I. Jacobson, R. Rubin, M. Bourliere, C. Hezode, J. Vierling, C. Niederau, M. Sherman, V. Goteti, R. Vilchez, C. Brass, J. Albrecht, F. Poordad
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A NEW CARTILAGE KNIFE FOR USE IN THE SUBMUCOUS RESECTION OF THE NASAL SEPTUM
Authors: ALFRED N. MURRAY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

To obviate the danger of perforating the opposite mucous membrane when making the initial incision in the cartilage in the submucous resection of the nasal septum, I have devised a simple blunt knife not unlike a number of other knives used in various fields of surgery, which reduces the chances of this accident to a minimum. While it is true that in experienced hands the sharp knife can be used with comparative safety, many who do this operation are not so skilled, and not infrequently produce perforations. Even in the case of the skilled operator, however, the use of this protected knife will greatly simplify the making of the initial incision in the cartilage. A description of the manner of using the instrumetn will demonstrate its simple principle and the ease with which it is adapted to its purpose. Having reached the stage in the operation where the cartilage
The sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence tomography for the assisted diagnosis of nonpigmented basal cell carcinoma: an observational study
Authors: M. Ulrich, T. Braunmuehl, H. Kurzen, T. Dirschka, C. Kellner, E. Sattler, C. Berking, J. Welzel, U. Reinhold
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

The diagnostic criteria for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been described previously, but the clinical value of these findings remains unknown.To investigate the diagnostic value of OCT for BCC in a typical clinical setting. The primary efficacy end point was a diagnosis of BCC for each lesion. Secondary end points were the diagnosis of other possible conditions.This was an observational, prospective, multicentre study in which consecutive patients with nonpigmented pink lesions suspicious for BCC underwent clinical assessment, dermoscopy and OCT, with the diagnosis recorded at each stage. Once all diagnoses had been recorded, the histological results were disclosed. In total 164 patients with 256 lesions were recruited. Histology was missing for 21 lesions, leaving 235 lesions in 155 patients for analysis.Sixty per cent of lesions (141 of 235) were identified as BCC by histology. A slight increase of sensitivity was noted following OCT, which did not reach statistical significance. The specificity increased significantly from 28·6% by clinical assessment to 54·3% using dermoscopy and to 75·3% with the addition of OCT (P < 0·001). The positive predictive value for the diagnosis of BCC using OCT was 85·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 78·6-90·4], and the negative predictive value was 92·1% (95% CI 83·6-97·0). The accuracy of diagnosis for all lesions increased from 65·8% with clinical evaluation to 76·2% following additional dermoscopy and to 87·4% with the addition of OCT.OCT significantly improved the diagnostic specificity for BCC compared with clinical assessment and dermoscopy alone.
Productivity of Women Physicians
Authors: Marilyn Heins
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Personal interview data obtained from 87 randomly selected women physicians in metropolitan Detroit indicates that productivity of women physicians has increased over that shown in previous studies. Eighty-four percent were engaged in medical work at the time of survey, 90% full-time. Only 7% were not working for reasons related to being a woman. Fifty-nine percent had worked continuously full-time since medical school graduation. Nearly half do not plan to retire from medical work. Fifty-eight percent are in private practice and 51% in primary care specialities; 54% are board certified. Direct patient care was listed as their main task by 86% of the women. Sixty-seven percent are married (43% to physicians). Although the 87 women physicians have responsibilities for households containing a total of nearly 300 people, almost one third of whom are children under 18 years old, their productivity is high.
Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.
Authors: J G Kingham
Journal: Gut (1990)

<h3>Background</h3> Little research has been done to examine whether smokers switch to illegal or roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes in response to a change in their relative price. <h3>Objective</h3> This paper explores how relative prices between three cigarette forms (manufactured legal, manufactured illegal and RYO cigarettes) are associated with the choice of one form over another after controlling for covariates, including sociodemographic characteristics, smokers’ exposure to antismoking messaging, health warning labels and tobacco marketing. <h3>Methods</h3> Generalised estimating equations were employed to analyse the association between the price ratio of two different cigarette forms and the usage of one form over the other. <h3>Findings</h3> A 10% increase in the relative price ratio of legal to RYO cigarettes is associated with a 4.6% increase in the probability of consuming RYO cigarettes over manufactured legal cigarettes (p≤0.05). In addition, more exposure to antismoking messaging is associated with a lower odds of choosing RYO cigarettes over manufactured legal cigarettes (p≤0.05). Non-significant associations exist between the manufactured illegal to legal cigarette price ratios and choosing manufactured illegal cigarettes, suggesting that smokers do not switch to manufactured illegal cigarettes as prices of legal ones increase. However, these non-significant findings may be due to lack of variation in the price ratio measures. To improve the effectiveness of increased taxes and prices in reducing smoking, policymakers need to narrow price variability in the tobacco market. Moreover, increasing antismoking messaging reduces tax avoidance in the form of switching to cheaper RYO cigarettes in Uruguay.
Effects of nicotinamide, an inhibitor of PARS activity, on gut and liver O2 exchange and energy metabolism during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia
Authors: M. Theisen, K. Träger, I. Tugtekin, A. Stehr, F. Ploner, M. Georgieff, P. Radermacher, M. Matějovič
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
New kinetic models for the hepatitis C virus
Authors: Alan S. Perelson, Eva Herrmann, Florence Micol, Stefan Zeuzem
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Viral kinetic modeling has played an important role in the analysis of HCV RNA decay after the initiation of antiviral therapy. Models have provided a means of evaluating the antiviral effectiveness of therapy, of estimating parameters such as the rate of virion clearance and the rate of clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV)–infected cells, and they have suggested mechanisms of action for both interferon and ribavirin. Nevertheless, the models that were originally formulated were unable to explain all of the observed HCV RNA profiles. We provide an update on the state of HCV kinetic modeling and discuss new models that have taken into consideration the different pharmacokinetics of standard and pegylated forms of interferon, allow for changes in drug effectiveness as drug concentrations fall between dosing intervals, and that have incorporated alanine aminotransferase kinetics and aspects of immune responses to provide a more comprehensive picture of the biology underlying changes in HCV RNA during therapy. (Hepatology 2005;42:749–754.)
Risk of Neural Tube Defect—Affected Pregnancies Among Obese Women
Authors: Gary M. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To investigate the risk for neural tube defect (NTD)-affected pregnancies among obese women (ie, women with a body mass index [BMI] > 29kg/m2) compared with women of average prepregnancy weight.Population-based case-control study.All hospitals in 55 of 58 counties in California.In-person interviews were conducted with mothers of 538 (88% of eligible) NTD cases (including fetuses and infants electively terminated, stillborn, or born alive) and with mothers of 539 nonmalformed controls (88%) within an average of 5 months from the term delivery date.The risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy among obese women.Compared with women whose BMI was less than or equal to 29 kg/m2, an increased risk for NTD-affected pregnancy was observed among obese women (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.9). The increased risk was not attributable to maternal nonuse of a vitamin containing folic acid, diabetes, use of diet pills, lower dietary folate intake, or an NTD-pregnancy history. Adjustment for maternal age, education, gravidity, use of vitamins, and use of alcohol did not change the odds ratio. The risk associated with maternal obesity was greater for spina bifida and for other less prevalent NTDs than for anencephaly.Because as many as 10% of women may be obese periconceptionally, the observed twofold increased risk is relevant to the population burden of NTDs.
A gene for maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) maps to chromosome 12q
Authors: Martine Vaxillaire, Valérie Boccio, Anne Philippi, Corinne Vigouroux, Joe Terwilliger, Philippe Passa, Jacques S. Beckmann, Gilberto Velho, G. Mark Lathrop, Philippe Froguel
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Membranes replace irradiated blast cells as growth requirement for leukemic blast progenitors in suspension culture.
Authors: N Nara, E A McCulloch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

The blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) may be considered as a renewal population, maintained by blast stem cells capable of both self-renewal and the generation of progeny with reduced or absent proliferative potential. Blast progenitor renewal is manifested in suspension culture by an exponential increase in clonogenic cells. This growth requires that two conditions be met: first, the cultures must contain growth factors in media conditioned either by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes (PHA-LCM), or by cells of the continuous bladder carcinoma line HTB9 (HTB9-CM). Second, the cell density must be maintained at 10(6) blasts/ml; this may be achieved by adding irradiated cells to smaller numbers of intact blasts. We are concerned with the mechanism of the feeding function. We present evidence that (a) cell-cell contact is required. (b) Blasts are heterogeneous in respect to their capacity to support growth. (c) Fractions containing membranes from blast cells will substitute for intact cells in promoting the generation of new blast progenitors in culture. (d) This membrane function may be specific for AML blasts, since membranes from blasts of lymphoblastic leukemia or normal marrow cells were inactive.
Immunochemical study of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in a patient with mild hepatoerythropoietic porphyria.
Authors: H Fujita, S Sassa, A C Toback, A Kappas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) is due to a marked deficiency of uroporphyrinogen (URO) decarboxylase, a cytosolic enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Using a radioimmunoassay method, we determined the concentration of URO decarboxylase protein in erythrocytes from a patient with mild HEP and found that the enzyme protein concentration had markedly decreased to less than 7% of the normal controls. This finding, however, was in contrast to the enzyme activity in the patient's erythrocytes, which was 16% of normal control levels and different from previously reported HEP cases in that erythrocytes in our patient contained disproportionately elevated URO decarboxylase activity in comparison to its immunoreactive material. Our findings suggests the possibility of a mutant isozyme in this patient that is not immunoreactive with an antibody raised against the normal enzyme.
Genetic Damage From Diagnostic Radiation
Authors: Bernard E. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor. —  Bross and Natarajan have claimed a marked increase in the risk of leukemia among certain persons exposed to diagnostic x-rays. To account for the number of observed cases of an indicator disease among leukemic children irradiated during pregnancy, they propose an adjusted model involving three parameters: the proportion of affected children, the increased risk of indicator diseases, and the increased risk of leukemia. These are assigned the values 1%, fivefold, and 50-fold. Because the model fits the data rather well, the authors claim that 1% of exposed subjects do indeed have a 50-fold increase in the risk of leukemia. They give no indication, however, of the sources and methods used to evaluate these parameters. One must conclude that the values were chosen to make the model fit the data. Then the authors' claim is unwarranted for the following reasons:  1. The parameter values are subject to
IMPACT OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY ON 30-DAY OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Koyu Sakai, Atsushi Tosaka, Kenji Ando, Shinichi Shirai, Katsuhiro Kondo, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masashi Iwabuchi, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Variation at HLA-DRB1 is associated with resistance to enteric fever
Authors: Sarah J Dunstan, Nguyen Thi Hue, Buhm Han, Zheng Li, Trinh Thi Bich Tram, Kar Seng Sim, Christopher M Parry, Nguyen Tran Chinh, Ha Vinh, Nguyen Phu Huong Lan, Nga Tran Vu Thieu, Phat Voong Vinh, Samir Koirala, Sabina Dongol, Amit Arjyal, Abhilasha Karkey, Olita Shilpakar, Christiane Dolecek, Jia Nee Foo, Le Thi Phuong, Mai Ngoc Lanh, Tan Do, Tin Aung, Do Nu Hon, Yik Ying Teo, Martin L Hibberd, Katherine L Anders, Yukinori Okada, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Cameron P Simmons, Stephen Baker, Paul I W de Bakker, Buddha Basnyat, Tran Tinh Hien, Jeremy J Farrar, Chiea Chuen Khor
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)