tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Changes in Collateral Flow Following Coronary Artery Ligation: The Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Authors: V. J. Redding, J. R. Rees
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Collateral flow rates were measured for 6 hr after experimental myocardial infarction. Variations in the depth of anaesthesia, and procedures aimed at blocking the sympathetic system did not prevent infarction, and did not increase collateral flow.
Exercise Improves Flow-Mediated Vasodilatation of Skeletal Muscle Arteries in Rats With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Rémi Varin, Paul Mulder, Vincent Richard, Fabienne Tamion, Corinne Devaux, Jean-Paul Henry, Françoise Lallemand, Guy Lerebours, Christian Thuillez
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the peripheral arteries may be impaired in chronic heart failure (CHF), and this could contribute to the increased peripheral resistance and exercise intolerance that occur with this disease. Physical exercise improves the FMD of large conduit arteries in CHF, but whether a similar impairment also occurs in smaller arteries is unknown. The mechanisms of the changes in FMD after CHF or exercise are also unknown.FMD was assessed in isolated, perfused, and preconstricted gracilis muscle arteries from sham-operated rats or CHF rats (coronary artery ligation) who were either sedentary or exercised (30-minute swimming period twice a day for 10 weeks, starting 7 days after ligation). In animals with hemodynamic and echographic signs of CHF, FMD was abolished and converted into vasoconstriction (percent change in diameter after 370 microL/min flow: sham, 42+/-5%; CHF, -4+/-3%; P<0.05). Exercise partially restored FMD (18+/-3%; P<0.05 versus CHF). In sham rats, FMD was abolished by the nitric oxide-synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) but unaffected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac or the free radical scavenger N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG). In arteries from sedentary CHF rats, FMD was not modified by L-NA, but it was partially restored by diclofenac or MPG. In exercised CHF rats, FMD was abolished by L-NA and only moderately improved by diclofenac or MPG. Likewise, endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression (determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the level of the gracilis muscle) was reduced by CHF, and this was prevented by exercise.CHF abolishes the FMD of small arteries by impairing the nitric oxide pathway, increasing oxidant stress, and releasing a prostanoid-contracting factor. Exercise partially restores FMD by increasing expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and preventing the production of vasoconstrictor prostanoids and free radicals. Such restoration of FMD might contribute to the increase in exercise capacity after physical exercise in CHF.
Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins in Protein Regulation
Authors: Joerg Herrmann, Lilach O. Lerman, Amir Lerman
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The discovery of the ubiquitin system was awarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004. Labeling of intracellular proteins for degradation by a multienzymatic complex, called the proteasome, was identified as the main function of this system. Subsequently, it was discovered that the attachment of ubiquitin to proteins can modify their function without degradation. Finally, a number of other molecules were recognized to be conjugated to proteins in a manner similar to ubiquitin and were henceforth called ubiquitin-like proteins. This review provides an overview of this class of molecules and its implication for function, subcellular location, and half-life of proteins.
Epigenetic Determinants of Healthy and Diseased Brain Aging and Cognition
Authors: Schahram Akbarian, Michal Schnaider Beeri, Vahram Haroutunian
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

A better understanding of normal and diseased brain aging and cognition will have a significant public health impact, given that the oldest-old persons older than 85 years of age represent the fastest-growing segment in the population in developed countries, with more than 30 million new cases of dementia predicted to occur worldwide each year by 2040. Dysregulation of gene expression and, more generally, genome organization and function are thought to contribute to age-related declines in cognition. Remarkably, nearly all neuronal nuclei that reside in an aged brain had permanently exited from the cell cycle during prenatal development, and DNA methylation and histone modifications and other molecular constituents of the epigenome are likely to play a critical role in the maintenance of neuronal health and function throughout the entire lifespan. Here, we provide an overview of age-related changes in the brain's chromatin structures, highlight potential epigenetic drug targets for cognitive decline and age-related neurodegenerative disease, and discuss opportunities and challenges when studying epigenetic biomarkers in aging research.
Dose-Effect Relationship of Carvedilol in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Toshio Ogihara, Yuichiro Goto, Kaoru Yoshinaga, Yuichi Kumahara, Osamu Iimura, Masao Ishii, Eiji Murakami, Tadanao Takeda, Tatsuo Kokubu, Kikuo Arakawa, Masao Ikeda
Journal: Drugs (1988)
Adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg (ADV) results in consistent efficacy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with diverse baseline characteristics
Authors: P. Marcellin, S. Hadzyannis, E. Schiff, M. Peters, Y. Benhamou, C. Brosgart, J. Fry, M. Wulfsohn, M. Sullivan, G.M. Currie
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Protein‐Engineered Biomaterials to Generate Human Skeletal Muscle Mimics
Authors: Debanti Sengupta, Penney M. Gilbert, Kyle J. Johnson, Helen M. Blau, Sarah C. Heilshorn
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Protein-engineered biomaterials are designed to enable culture and differentiation of human myoblasts (isolated from skeletal muscle biopsies) into functionally contractile myotubes ex vivo. Individual myoblasts align with microtopographical features (white dashed lines), fuse to form myotubes with several nuclei (blue), and form sarcomeric structures (α-actinin, green) that enable electrical pacing of contractions. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
C1-esterase inhibitor substitution in sepsis
Authors: C. Erik Hack, HuibertusJ. Voerman, Bernd Eisele, Heinz-Otto Keinecke, JanH. Nuijens, AnkeJ.M. Eerenberg, Aernout Ogilvie, R.J.M. Strack Van Schijndel, Ulrich Delvos, LambertusG. Thijs
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Leukocyte Esterase Tests Detect Pyuria, Not Bacteriuria
Authors: Laura VanArsdale White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 February 1993Leukocyte Esterase Tests Detect Pyuria, Not BacteriuriaLaura VanArsdale White, MD and Calvin M. Kunin, MDLaura VanArsdale White, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Calvin M. Kunin, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We question the relevance of the study by Lachs and colleagues [1] to the issue of spectrum bias and the predictive value of the dipstick test for diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) because it is based on a misinterpretation of the utility of the leukocyte esterase test, a surrogate marker for pyuria. Pyuria, although usually present in patients with UTI, is not specific for bacterial infection but rather indicates an inflammatory process for which one of many conditions may be responsible. Thus, the value of a positive leukocyte esterase test should be judged not on its ...REFERENCE1. Lachs MS, Nachamkin I, Edelstein PH, Goldman J, Feinstein AR, Schwartz JS. Spectrum bias in the evaluation of diagnostic tests: lessons from the rapid dipstick test for urinary tract infection. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:135-40. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Laura VanArsdale White, MD; Calvin M. Kunin, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byKinetic properties of pancreatic and intestinal sPLA2 from chicken and mammals using the monomolecular film techniqueA Protocol for the Urine Dipstick/Pad MethodUrinary Tract Infection: An Overview 1 February 1993Volume 118, Issue 3 Page: 230-231 Keywords Bacterial diseases Bacterial physiology Biomarkers Esterases Specificity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
IL-23 specific targeting by active immunisation improves inflammation and destruction in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: E. Assier, E. Duvallet, R. Ratsimandresy, L. Delavallee, N. Bessis, J. F. Zagury, M. C. Boissier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a pro-infl ammatory cytokine known to be essential for the differentiation of the Th17 lymphocytes, a subtype of T lymphocyte implied in auto-immunity.Its subunit, IL-23 p19, is specifi c of this cytokine.We had previously demonstrated for IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor α, that active immunisation against these cytokines could be protective in animal models of arthritis.Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two vaccines targeting the IL-23 p19 subunit, IL-23-K1 and IL-23-K2, on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis.Methods Using bioinformatics, we defi ned two peptides in IL-23 p19.Each peptide was coupled with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH).Anti-murine IL-23 immunisation was performed by injecting intramuscularly IL-23-K1 or IL-23-K2 formulated in incomplete Freund adjuvant (IFA), four times on July 22,
Arteriosclerosis and Its Origin
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Arteriosclerosis is such an important disease process that it is not surprising that books on the subject appear with almost mensual regularity. The present volume, containing 13 contributions by talented investigators on various highly disparate phases of the problem, has much to recommend it. A broader point of view is expressed than is found in some contemporary publications in the field. The chapters on the role of blood lipids, diet, and gonadal hormones by Gofman and Young, Keys and Stammler, respectively, are mellow in tone and well worth reading. Other articles maintain an equally high standard but occasionally show preoccupation with mural mirror images. In one 20-page article, the authors' own names are mentioned 24 times, although it must be admitted that modesty compels them to resort to initials only on several occasions. A detached onlooker cannot help but be impressed by the fact that the study of arteriosclerosis has
A Study of the Aetiology of Respiratory Disease in a General Hospital
Authors: W. W. Holland, E. I. Tanner, M. S. Pereira, C. E. D. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1960)

births or died in early infancy, compared with 36% (8 of 22) who were first-born.Aetiological Factors.-Inconsecutive admissions to the Fountain Hospital of 46 individual twins and 100 singletons, the most striking difference was in the percentage incidence of mongolism-six times com- moner in the singleton than in the twin series.Clinical Findings.-Inconsecutive admissions to the Fountain Hospital of 44 individual twins and 100 singletons (mongolism excluded) over three-quarters of the patients in each series had physical abnormalities.Differences in incidence of individual clinical findings between the two groups were not statistically significant.Necropsy Findings.-Innine of the Fountain Hospital twin series who had died since admission, none of the brains showed gross malformation suggesting origin in embryonic life, though all nine had pathological.changes.The origin of these changes could not be timed precisely, though all were consistent with damage late in preg- nancy, at birth, or post-natally.
A grave matter
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The superior cervical ganglia excised from rabbits were used in a pharmacological investigation of the effects of nicotine before and after the addition of curarizing agents. Measurement of the potential difference between the ganglion and the postganglionic trunk showed that addition of nicotine caused the ganglion to become negative. This negativity, or depolarization, reached a maximum in about ten minutes and seemed to remain constant. In the uncurarized ganglion nicotine steadily increased the size of the positive potentials following a spike potential to reach a maximum in about ten minutes and this was maintained for as long as records were taken, i.e. up to 3 hours. This was explained by the depolarizing action of nicotine. Extrinsically generated hyperpolarizing currents applied to ganglia soaked in nicotine produced a delay in the onset of these increased positive potentials but there was no significant effect on their size. In curarized ganglia nicotine in low concentration reduced the time of decay of the synaptic potential, which presumably was due to a diminution of the time constant of the membrane. Nicotine in higher concentrations produced a decrease in size as well as time course of the synaptic potential. The shortening of the time constant of the membrane was probably due to an increase in its ionic conductance.
Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusions
Authors: Jesse E. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

MOST acute occlusions of the major arteries of the extremities, regardless of cause, are best treated at present by surgical means. With modern vascular surgery, the goal of therapy is not merely preservation of life and limb but also restoration of distal blood flow in the limb and return of function to the preocclusive state — or even beyond, in some cases in which acute occlusions are superimposed upon chronic insufficiency. The most important factors in successful surgical therapy have been the Fogarty balloon catheter and arteriography.Although upper-extremity occlusions do not pose the hazards found in the lower extremity, . . .
Protective role of vascular smooth muscle cell PPARγ in angiotensin II-induced vascular disease
Authors: Chiara Marchesi, Asia Rehman, Yohann Rautureau, Daniel A. Kasal, Marie Briet, Avshalom Leibowitz, Stefania M.C. Simeone, Talin Ebrahimian, Mario F. Neves, Stefan Offermanns, Frank J. Gonzalez, Pierre Paradis, Ernesto L. Schiffrin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

AimsVascular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation improves vascular remodelling and endothelial function in hypertensive rodents. The goal of this study was to determine that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) PPARγ exerts a vascular protective role beyond its metabolic effects.
Comparative systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine in patients with cardiomyopathic heart failure.
Authors: C V Leier, P T Heban, P Huss, C A Bush, R P Lewis
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Thirteen patients with severe cardiac failure underwent a single crossover study of dopamine and dobutamine in order to compare the systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of the two drugs. The dose-response data demonstrated that dobutamine (2.5--10 microgram/kg/min) progressively and predictably increases cardiac output by increasing stroke volume, while simultaneously decreasing systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. There was no change in heart rate or premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)/min at this dose range. Dopamine (2--8 microgram/kg/min) increased the stroke volume and cardiac output at 4 microgram/kg/min. Dopamine at less than 4 microgram/kg/min provided little additional increase in cardiac output and increased the pulmonary wedge pressure and the number of PVCs/min. At greater than 6 microgram/kg/min, dopamine increased heart rate. During the 24-hour maintenance-dose infusion of each drug (dopamine 3.7--4, dobutamine 7.3--7.7 microgram/kg/min), only dobutamine maintained a significant increase of stroke volume, cardiac output, urine flow, urine sodium concentration, creatinine clearance and peripheral blood flow. Renal and hepatic blood flow were not signfiicantly altered by the maintenance dose of either drug. Systemic and regional hemodynamic data suggest that dobutamine has many advantages over dopamine when infused in patients with cardiac failure.
Men's experience of erectile dysfunction after treatment for colorectal cancer: qualitative interview study
Authors: G. Dowswell, T. Ismail, S. Greenfield, S. Clifford, B. Hancock, S. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To examine the experiences of men after treatment for colorectal cancer, identify barriers to accessing services, and suggest improvements to providing information in primary and secondary care.Semistructured, qualitative interview study with purposive sampling and thematic analysis.28 patients treated for colorectal cancer.West Midlands.Most men treated for colorectal cancer experience erectile dysfunction as a consequence. Not all, however, want the same response from health professionals. Although, erectile dysfunction is profoundly stressful for most men, affecting self image, behaviour, and relationships, some do not regard it as a health priority. Many of the men were uninformed about erectile dysfunction and were unprepared for it, and the majority neither helped themselves nor asked for help. Almost none were receiving adequate, effective, and affordable care. Evidence of ageism was strong.Unlike patients with prostate cancer, men with colorectal cancer are not routinely offered information and treatment for erectile dysfunction. Greater coordination of care and consistent strategies are needed to tackle the unmet needs of this widely diverse patient group. Currently, clinicians are inadvertently neglecting, misleading, and offending such patients; better training could improve this situation, as might the reorganisation of services. Further research is needed to determine whether trained clinical nurse specialists in colorectal cancer units could coordinate ongoing care.
Identical Biological Effects of Pancreatic Glucagon and a Purified Moiety of Canine Gastric Immunoreactive Glucagon
Authors: K. Doi, M. Prentki, C. Yip, W. A. Muller, B. Jeanrenaud, M. Vranic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Because in the dog, the gastric fundus contains the largest amount of glucagon immunoreactivity (IRG), the IRG of mucosal scrapes of 105 canine stomachs was extracted by acid-ethanol and then precipitated by ether-ethanol. The IRG recovered was measured by antisera 30K, specific for glucagon and K-4023, which cross-reacts with glucagon-like immunoreactivity. Extracts of mucosa of stomach fundus were further purified by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-30 in 3M acetic acid. One pooled fraction corresponding to marker pancreatic glucagon in its elution volume was then gel-filtered on Bio-Gel P-30 in 0.05 M NH(4)HCO(3) and yielded one IRG peak, which, however, showed three immunoreactive components on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in urea. In addition, antiserum K-4023 reacted more strongly with that peak than antiserum 30K indicating the presence of glucagon-like immunoreactivity in this fraction. Subsequent ion-exchange column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and then CM-Bio-Gel A allowed purification to a single protein band on disc gel electrophoresis reacting equally to both antisera 30K and K-4023. 1.5 mug of purified gastric glucagon was obtained and its biological effects were compared to those of pancreatic glucagon in isolated rat hepatocytes. When immuno-equivalent amounts (300-2,500 pg/ml) of either type of glucagon were used, the same biological responses with respect to glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis as well as urea, lactate, and pyruvate production were observed. Liver cyclic AMP was also raised to the same extent by either one of these hormones. We conclude that this moiety of gastric IRG is apparently identical to pancreatic glucagon because (a) their molecular weights, elution properties in ion exchange chromatography, and their electrophoretic mobility are indistinguishable and (b) both hormones elicited identical biological effects in isolated rat hepatocytes.
Renal Dopamine Receptors in Health and Hypertension
Authors: Pedro A. Jose, Gilbert M. Eisner, Robin A. Felder
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1998)

During the past decade, it has become evident that dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure. Dopamine exerts its actions via a class of cell-surface receptors coupled to G-proteins that belong to the rhodopsin family. Dopamine receptors have been classified into two families based on pharmacologic and molecular cloning studies. In mammals, two D1-like receptors that have been cloned, the D1 and D5 receptors (known as D1A and D1B, respectively, in rodents), are linked to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. Three D2-like receptors that have been cloned (D2, D3, and D4) are linked to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and Ca2+ channels and stimulation of K+ channels. All the mammalian dopamine receptors, initially cloned from the brain, have been found to be expressed outside the central nervous system, in such sites as the adrenal gland, blood vessels, carotid body, intestines, heart, parathyroid gland, and the kidney and urinary tract. Dopamine receptor subtypes are differentially expressed along the nephron, where they regulate renal hemodynamics and electrolyte and water transport, as well as renin secretion. The ability of renal proximal tubules to produce dopamine and the presence of receptors in these tubules suggest that dopamine can act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion; this action becomes most evident during extracellular fluid volume expansion. This renal autocrine/paracrine function is lost in essential hypertension and in some animal models of genetic hypertension; disruption of the D1 or D3 receptor produces hypertension in mice. In humans with essential hypertension, renal dopamine production in response to sodium loading is often impaired and may contribute to the hypertension. The molecular basis for the dopaminergic dysfunction in hypertension is not known, but may involve an abnormal post-translational modification of the dopamine receptor.
870 CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA WERE ASSOCIATED WITH NAFLD IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.RESULTS OF OPEN MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE STUDY DIREG_L_01903
Authors: V.V. Tsukanov, J.L. Tonkikh, E.Y. Kupershtein, O.S. Amelchugova, A.V. Vasyutin, E.V. Lukicheva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
1018-46 Influence of Randomized Trials on Clinical Practice: A Comparison of Directional Atherectomy and New Device Use Before and After the CAVEAT Trial at CAVEAT Sites
Authors: Nowa Omoigui, Mitchell J. Silver, Lisa Rybicki, Monique Rosenthal, None Robert, M. Califf, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)