tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The learning curve for safety and success of precut sphincterotomy for therapeutic ERCP: a single endoscopist's experience
Authors: T. Akaraviputh, V. Lohsiriwat, J. Swangsri, A. Methasate, S. Leelakusolvong, N. Lertakayamanee
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de T. Akaraviputh et al., pp. 513Endoscopy 2008; 40(06): 546-546DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306847
Plasma lysosomal enzyme activity in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: E. WELMAN, A. P. SELVVYN, T. J. PETERS, J. F. COLBECK, K. M. FOX
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30, recommended name beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase) was found to be a constituent of human cardiac lysosomes. beta-glucuronidase was also found in this tissue, while lysozyme, an enzyme present in leucocyte lysosomes, was not detectable in the heart. The activities of both N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase were elevated in plasma during the first 24 h after the onset of chest pain in patients with acute myocardial infarction and the peak levels of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase correlated well with those of creatine kinase. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase showed a further rise in plasma activity which gave a peak at 72 h after the onset of chest pain and this was accompanied by a rise in lysozyme activity. It is suggested that lysosome disruption caused by myocardial cell necrosis was responsible for the initial rise in plasma lysosomal enzyme activity and that the subsequent inflammatory reaction gave rise to the second peak.
Detection by electron microscope of rod-shaped organisms in synovial membrane from a patient with the arthritis of Whipple's disease.
Authors: C F Hawkins, M Farr, C J Morris, A M Hoare, N Williamson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Rod-shaped organisms identical to those present in the jejunal mucosa have been found in the synovial membrane of a patient with Whipple9s disease. These probably caused inflammatory changes which sere reflected in an increase of the cellular content and high enzyme levels (acid phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase) of the synovial fluid. Tetracycline was effective in controlling the bowel lesion but only had a temporary effect upon the arthritis. Erythromycin controlled both the bowel lesion and the arthritis.
Distribution of Regional Density and Vascular Permeability in the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Patrick Sandiford, Michael A. Province, Daniel P. Schuster
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Although recent X-ray computed tomography (CT) data show that ventral-dorsal gradients in density are common in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we hypothesized that the ventral-dorsal gradient of pulmonary vascular permeability would be evenly distributed in patients with ARDS. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing previously reported data (Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143:150–154) obtained by the nuclear medicine imaging technique of positron emission tomography (PET). Measurements of regional lung density (LD), extravascular density (EVD), and the pulmonary transcapillary escape rate (PTCER; an index of vascular permeability) were obtained in eight patients with ARDS and in 10 normal subjects. The data from four contiguous tomographic slices were organized into 20 anatomically oriented “bins” from the ventral (Bin #1) to dorsal (Bin #20) position. Mean overall LD, ERD, and PTCER were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the ARDS patients than in normal subjects. Regression slopes of LD versus bin and EVD versus bin were significantly positive (ventral-to-dorsal) in seven of eight and six of eight ARDS patients, respectively. Mean PTCER values showed no difference between ventral and dorsal bin values. A significantly negative slope of PTCER versus bin was detected in five cases and a positive slope in 3, so that the group value was not significant. These data confirm that ventral-dorsal gradients in LD and EVD exist in patients with ARDS. In contrast, no consistent ventral-dorsal distribution of increased pulmonary vascular permeability is present.
No major association of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases with early islet autoimmunity in the German BABYDIAB Study.
Authors: M Hummel, M Füchtenbusch, M Schenker, A G Ziegler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Environmental factors have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases on the initiation of islet autoimmunity in early childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were prospectively collected from questionnaires obtained at birth, at 9 months of age, and at 2 years of age in 823 offspring from parents with type 1 diabetes. By 2 years of age, 31 offspring had islet antibodies, and 10 developed overt diabetes by the time of follow-up. RESULTS: In offspring from mothers with type 1 diabetes, duration of exclusive and total breast-feeding did not differ between islet antibody-positive and -negative children, regardless of HLA genotype, and breast-feeding of 3 months or longer was not associated with protection from antibody development or diabetes onset. In offspring from diabetic fathers, non-statistically significant reductions in exclusive and total breast-feeding times were observed in the antibody-positive cohort. Neither type nor quantity of vaccinations (including Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine; haemophilus influenzae vaccine; diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine; tick-born encephalitis vaccine; or measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine) were associated with the development of islet antibodies and diabetes. Measles, mumps, and rubella were not reported in children with islet antibodies or diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no evidence that proposed environmental factors affect islet antibody development in the first 2 years of life in offspring from parents with type 1 diabetes.
Splenectomy for Relapsing Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Lawrence Rice
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 June 1997Splenectomy for Relapsing Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic PurpuraLawrence Rice, MDLawrence Rice, MDBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-11-199706010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:My colleagues and I were the first to point out that as more patients survived their initial episode of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, relapses were not rare but rather might afflict more than one third of patients [1]. Our experience impels me to question on two counts the value of splenectomy purported by Crowther and colleagues [2].First, we have seen several patients with a pattern of relapses over a few years who spontaneously cease experiencing relapses. Thus, any intervention (or nonintervention) in such patients, who were preselected for frequent relapses, would seem to result in a lower ...References1. Vandermolen LA, Rice L. Recurrences of acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [Abstract]. Blood. 1985; 1070(Suppl):296. Google Scholar2. Crowther MA, Heddle N, Hayward CP, Warkentin T, Kelton JG. Splenectomy done during hematologic remission to prevent relapse in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:294-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lawrence Rice, MDAffiliations: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLaparoscopic Splenectomy for Chronic Recurrent Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic PurpuraSurgery of the Spleen 1 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 11Page: 915KeywordsDeath ratesMorbiditySplenectomyThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells by cadmium and zinc.
Authors: Wim Wätjen, Hajo Haase, Marta Biagioli, Detmar Beyersmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In various mammalian cells, two group IIb metals, cadmium and zinc, induce several morphological and biochemical effects that are salient features of programmed cell death. In C6 rat glioma cells, cadmium caused externalization of phosphatidylserine, breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. In NIH3T3 murine fibroblasts, cadmium-induced apoptosis was inhibited by overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Cadmium-induced DNA fragmentation in C6 cells was independent of inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Ca-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and protein kinase G. Zinc at moderate concentrations (10-50 microM) protected against programmed cell death induced by cadmium, whereas deprivation of zinc by the membrane-permeable chelator N,N,N',N-terakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) caused cell death with features characteristic of apoptosis. On the other hand, at elevated extracellular levels (150-200 microM), zinc alone caused programmed cell death in C6 cells. Zinc-induced apoptosis was independent of inhibition of PKA, PKC, guanylate cyclase and MAPK, but it was suppressed in the presence of 100 microM lanthanum chloride.
Addiction Medicine
Authors: Patrick G. O’Connor, Robert J. Sokol, Gail D’Onofrio
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Activity of the Vasomotor Centers
Authors: J. J. JONES, R. J. S. MCDOWALL
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

The hind limb of the cat connected to the body by its nerves alone, and perfused with Krebs' solution is a simple method of studying the reactions of the vasomotor mechanisms. The central action of epinephrine and a failure of the center as a result of prolonged hemorrhage or anoxia have been shown.
Chemoradiotherapy and Gefitinib in Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and KRAS Mutation Analysis: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALEB) 30106, a CALGB-Stratified Phase II Trial
Authors: Neal Ready, Pasi A. Jänne, Jeffrey Bogart, Thomas DiPetrillo, Jennifer Garst, Stephen Graziano, Lin Gu, Xiaofei Wang, Mark R. Green, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Canadian prisons are not meeting their duty to limit spread of HIV
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Canadian prisoners are up to 70 times more likely to be infected with HIV than the average Canadian, and known cases of HIV/AIDS in federal prisons have increased by more than 35% in four years, says a report by the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network.

The prevalence of hepatitis C infection among prisoners is even higher, with 20% to 80% of prisoners infected, according to the source of the estimate, compared with about 0.8% in the general population.

Ralf Jurgens, the network's executive director, said that despite several studies and nearly 10 years of recommendations for urgent and pragmatic action, “some jurisdictions have …
A Twenty-Year Hospital Survey of Diabetic Deaths
Authors: Nathan Blumberg, Louis Zisserman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE shortcomings of medical therapy are high-lighted by careful study of the records of deceased patients, and a most reliable guide for further improvement is thereby afforded. It is generally conceded that an autopsy is usually the ultimate in diagnosis. A careful study in a well appointed hospital approximates it, whereas a clinical opinion at a patient's home often only faintly resembles it. It is also commonly acknowledged that no amount of statistical skill can make a group of carelessly made observations accurate, no matter how large the series.Death certificates of diabetic patients are subject to gross inaccuracies and . . .
Diagnostic Effectiveness of Serum Bile Acids in Liver Diseases as Evaluated by Multivariate Statistical Methods
Authors: Davide Festi, Antonio Maria Morselli Labate, Aldo Roda, Franco Bazzoli, Roberto Frabboni, Paola Rucci, Francesco Taroni, Rita Aldini, Enrico Roda, Luigi Barbara
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic effectiveness of fasting and postprandial serum bile acid determinations in liver diseases, and to compare results with those of conventional liver function tests. In 322 patients with biopsy-proved liver disease and 93 healthy subjects, fasting and postprandial (2 hr) serum levels of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and lithocholic acid conjugates and conventional liver function tests were evaluated. Data were subjected to variance and discriminant and factor analyses. Fasting serum bile acids were higher in patients when compared to controls and were significantly higher in severe than in mild liver diseases. Determination of cholic plus lithocholic acid provided the highest discrimination capacity. The percent of correct allocation was 75.4% for conventional liver function tests, 70.1% for fasting serum bile acids and increased to 79.6% when liver function tests plus serum bile acids were considered. Postprandial percentages were always lower than fasting. Factor analysis identified two factors possibly related to cytolysis and protein synthesis. The serum bile acid concentrations highly correlated with both factors. We conclude that serum bile acid determinations increase the diagnostic and discriminant capacities of liver function tests and are more sensitive and discriminant when obtained in fasting than postprandially.
Prognostic value of clonal chromosomal abnormalities in patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Martin Gyger, Claire Infante‐Rivard, Giovanni D'Angelo, Lorraine Forest, Pauline Lussier
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Chromosome analyses were carried out on bone marrow cells from 43 consecutive patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), classified according to the French‐American‐British (FAB) cooperative group criteria. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of clonal chromosomal abnormalities and of an excess of blasts for early death from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and/or bone marrow failure (BMF). Patients were subdivided into two main groups: (1) refractory anemia without an excess of blasts ( RAWEB ), grouping patients with refractory anemia (RA) and refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), and (2) refractory anemia with an excess of blasts ( RAEB ), grouping patients with refractory anemia with an excess of blasts (RAEB) and refractory anemia with an excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBt). There were 29 patients with RAWEB and 14 with RAEB. The median time of observation was 26 months for RAWEB and 12 months for RAEB. Ten RAWEB patients (34%) and 11 RAEB patients (78%) had clonai chromosomal abnormalities. Among the ten RAWEB patients with clonal abnormalities, one (10%) died from ANLL, while of 19 RAWEB patients with a normal karyotype, two (10%) died from ANLL or BMF. The median survival for patients with RAWEB and an abnormal karyotype was not reached. In contrast, eight of the 11 RAEB patients with clonal chromosomal abnormalities (74%) died from ANLL or BMF. The median survival in this sub‐group was 7 months. By using a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, it was determined that a karyotype abnormality was not a significant predictory of survival once the contribution of the RAWEB/RAEB variable was taken into account. Being in the RAEB group was associated with a relative risk of 10.6 of dying from ANLL or BMF (β = 2.36, standard error (SE) = 0.68, P = .0001). We conclude that classifying patients according to an excess of blasts will lead to a better prediction of survival than determining karyotype abnormality.
Metabolic syndrome and preclinical atherosclerosis: focus on femoral arteries
Authors: Gaetano Vaudo, Simona Marchesi, Donatella Siepi, Matteo Brozzetti, Massimo Raffaele Mannarino, Matteo Pirro, Giuseppe Schillaci, Giovanni Ciuffetti, Graziana Lupattelli, Elmo Mannarino
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Diet and Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps
Authors: Ajay Anand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 August 1993Diet and Colorectal Adenomatous PolypsAjay AnandAjay AnandSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The study by Neugut and colleagues [1] represents an important advance in our understanding of the role of diet in the multistep progression to colorectal cancer.The investigators state that three case–control studies have explored the association of adenomatous polyps with diet. I would like to draw their attention to a study by Kune and colleagues [2] that compared 49 patients who had one or more histologically confirmed adenomatous polyps larger than 1 cm in diameter with a community control group. Those with adenomatous polyps were found to have a low fiber and vegetable intake (P = ...References1. Neugut AI, Garbowski GC, Lee WC, Murray T, Nieves JW, Forde KA, et al. Dietary risk factors for the incidence and recurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps: a case–control study. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:91-5. Google Scholar2. Kune GA, Kune S, Read A, MacGowan K, Penfold C, Watson LF. Colorectal polyps, diet, alcohol and family history of colorectal cancer: a case–control study. Nutr Cancer. 1991; 16:25-30. Google Scholar3. Lipkin M, Newmark H. Effect of added dietary calcium on colonic epithelial-cell proliferation in subjects at high risk for familial colonic cancer. N Engl J Med. 1985; 313:1381-4. Google Scholar4. Shike M, Al-Sabbagh MR, Friedman E, et al. The effect of dietary fat on human colonic cell proliferation. Gastroenterology. 1991; 100: A401. Google Scholar5. Friedman E, Isaksson P, Rafter J, Marian B, Winawer S, Newmark K. Fecal diglycerides as selective endogenous mitogens for premalignant and malignant human colonic epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 1989; 49:544-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ajay Anand PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 4Page: 343KeywordsCancer risk factorsCell proliferationCellsColorectal cancerDietFatsMedical risk factorsMilkMucous membranesThymidines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Medical Device Safety Act of 2009
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman, Stephen Morrissey, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Patient safety is a national concern. Major stakeholders throughout our health care system agree that every step must be taken to ensure that medical interventions, used with the intention of improving patients' health, are as safe as possible. But every medical intervention has benefits and risks. Patient safety can be ensured only when the makers of drugs and devices fully and openly disclose both the benefits and the potential adverse effects associated with an intervention. As the Institute of Medicine has made clear, medical devices and drugs need to be assessed for risks and benefits throughout their life cycles.1 Unfortunately, . . .
A6.17 Fra-1: Dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde for the resolution of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: N Hannemann, U Schleicher, C Bogdan, W Baum, G Schett, A Bozec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3></h3> One feature of the AP-1 transcription factor family is their ability to regulate inflammatory processes and the activation and formation of osteoclasts. To test whether AP-1 expression is involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), serum K/BxN transfer model (SIA) is used. At the molecular levels, AP-1 expression analyses in wildtype joints show increased Fra-1, Fra-2 and cFos mRNA levels after SIA, whereas these Fos members are decreased in Fra-1<sup>fl/fl</sup> MxCre<sup>+</sup>mice after SIA, suggesting that Fra-2 and cFos expression are Fra-1 dependent. In addition, despite a similar rise of the disease in Fra-1deficient mice and wildtype littermates, Fra-1 deleted mice show a faster resolution of the disease than littermate controls, with lower inflammation area, bone erosion and osteoclast number. The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines profiling in the joints reveal a decreased TNF and increased IL-10 levels in Fra-1deletedmice compared to littermate controls. Moreover, knowing the essential actions of macrophages (Mφ) in joint destruction and remodelling, the expression of Mφ-specific molecules CD11c, CD206 and Arginase-1 (Arg-1) were analysed. Interestingly, CD206 and CD11c mRNA levels were decreased, whereas Arg-1 expression was highly increased in Fra-1<sup>fl/fl</sup> MxCre<sup>+</sup>joints compared to wildtype littermates, suggesting an alteration of Mφ polarisation in Fra-1 mutant mice. Indeed, <i>in vitro</i> stimulation of Fra-1 deleted Mφ with LPS and apoptotic cells, confirmed that (i) Fra-2 and cFos expression were Fra-1 dependent and that (ii) absence of Fra-1 altered Mφ polarisation, reaffirming the essential role of Fra-1 in pro-inflammatory Mφ activation. Finally, we found that Fra-1 can directly binds and regulates CD206, CD11c and Arg-1 promoters, and thereby regulates Mφ differentiation in RA. In conclusion, our data describe a new role of Fra-1 in Mφ activation in the maintenance of inflammation and joint destruction during acute RA.
Antiestrogens in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: SEWA LEGHA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Antiestrogens, e.g., nafoxidine, tamoxifen, and clomiphene, have been reported to induce objective clinical remissions in patients with breast cancer. Review of data indicates activity of these agents in renal and prostate cancer. In a trial of nafoxidine in 20 patients with adenocarcinoma of the kidney, 2 complete and 1 partial regressions were observed. Stabilization of the disease for 3 months was noted in 5 patients. In another trial, 2 of 4 patients with renal cancer responded to tamoxifen. Similar experiences have been recorded in endometrial cancer with clomiphene. In patients with prostatic cancer, responses have been reported in 1 of 2 patients receiving nafoxidine and in 2 of 4 receiving tamoxifen. These preliminary clinical data should encourage trial of antiestrogens in malignancies other than breast cancer. Estrogen receptor studies may help identify patients most likely to benefit. These agents have a relative lack of toxicity.