tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do Bisphosphonates Make Children's Bones Better or Brittle?
Authors: Joan C. Marini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Bisphosphonates such as alendronate (Fosamax, Merck) and pamidronate (Aredia, Ciba–Geigy) are synthetic analogues of inorganic pyrophosphate. The main effect of bisphosphonates, which are deposited on the surface of bone and ingested by osteoclasts during bone turnover, is antiresorptive. They inhibit the mevalonate pathway in osteoclasts, enhancing apoptosis and inhibiting skeleton resorption. In adults, bisphosphonates are largely used to treat osteoporosis, although Paget's disease, metastatic breast carcinoma, and hyperparathyroidism are also indications for treatment.The use of bisphosphonates, particularly intravenous pamidronate, has been extended to children through off-label use for osteoporotic or lytic bone conditions, including osteogenesis imperfecta, fibrous dysplasia, juvenile . . .
Summary of Selected Presentations from the 8th Annual Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancer Symposium
Authors: Ross Camidge, Laurie Gaspar, Glennwood Goss, Karen Kelly, Suresh Ramalingam, Karen Reckamp, George Simon, Ming Tsao, Howard (Jack) West, Roy Herbst, David Johnson, Paul Bunn, Ramaswamy Govindan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Pulmonary edema related to changes in colloid osmotic and pulmonary artery wedge pressure in patients after acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: P L Luz da, H Shubin, M H Weil, E Jacobson, L Stein
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Pulmonary artery wedge and plasma colloid osmotic pressures and their relationship to pulmonary edema were investigated in 26 patients with acute myocardial infarction of whom 14 developed pulmonary edema. In the absence of pulmonary edema, both the pulmonary artery wedge pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure were in normal range; after onset pulmonary edema, a moderate increase in pulmonary wedge pressure and reduction in plasma colloid osmotic pressure were observed. When the gradient between the plasma colloid osmotic pressure and the pulmonary artery wedge pressure was calculated, highly significant differences were demonstrated (P less than 0.002). In the absence of pulmonary edema, this gradient averaged 9.7 (plus or minus 1.7 SEM) torr; following appearance of pulmonary edema, it was reduced to 1.2 (plus or minus 1.3) torr. During therapy with digoxin and furosemide, reversal of pulmonary edema was closely related to a concomitant change in the colloid osmotic-hydrostatic pressure gradient. These observations indicate that both increases in pulmonary capillary pressure and decreases in colloid osmotic pressure may follow the onset of pulmonary edema. Such decline in colloid osmotic pressure and especially the reduction in colloid osmotic-hydrostatic capillary pressure gradient may favor transudation of fluid into the lungs.
Endoscopic Treatment of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Caused by a Gallstone (Bouveret's Syndrome) after Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: J.-M. Dumonceau, M. Delhaye, J. Devière, M. Baize, M. Cremer
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Two patients with gastric outlet obstruction caused by a gallstone were treated by endoscopic lithotripsy. All fragments of significant size were removed orally, except for one that was left in the stomach in the first patient.
Comparison of Cardiopulmonary Adaptation During Exercise in Children After the Atriopulmonary and Total Cavopulmonary Connection Fontan Procedures
Authors: Mark Rosenthal, Andrew Bush, John Deanfield, Andrew Redington
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background There are several potential physiological differences between the atriopulmonary (AP) and the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) Fontan circulations. Studies suggest that the TCPC reduces energy loss due to turbulence and may have more dependence on respiratory movement for pulmonary blood flow. We compared cardiopulmonary physiology during rest and exercise in patients who had undergone the AP Fontan procedure with those who had undergone the TCPC Fontan procedure. Methods and Results Forty-three children were studied more than 6 months after undergoing a Fontan procedure (23 AP and 20 TCPC); 106 healthy children were also studied as a control group. Measurements of effective pulmonary blood flow, stroke volume, arteriovenous oxygen difference, minute ventilation, heart rate, and oxygen and carbon dioxide consumption were made with an Innovision quadrupole mass spectrometer. Data from the control group allowed calculation of z scores for the Fontan groups matched for age, sex, pubertal stage, and body surface area. Maximal exercise performance was equal in the two Fontan groups, but it was below normal. However, adaptation to exercise was different in the Fontan groups. After 9 minutes of exercise, pulmonary blood flow rose less in the AP group than in the TCPC group ( P &lt;.01), and the stroke volume in the AP group also tended to be lower ( P =.057) and their arteriovenous oxygen difference was significantly greater ( P &lt;.01). Although minute ventilation per unit of carbon dioxide production was similar in the Fontan groups at this level of exercise, children in the TCPC group breathed faster by approximately 10 breaths per minute ( P &lt;.005). Conclusions At submaximal exercise, children who had undergone the TCPC Fontan procedure had pulmonary hemodynamics superior to those of children who had undergone the AP procedure, largely because of respiratory adaptation that permitted blood to be “sucked” into the lungs. To achieve the same maximal exercise performance, children who had undergone the AP procedure had a superior metabolic adaptation to exercise stress.
Diagnosis of Hepatic Amoebiasis
Authors: J. Mackay-Dick
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Tetanus Prophylaxis SIR,-Following the recent criticisms of anti-tetanus serum injections (30 November, p. 1360) this case may be of interest.A 53-year-old man suffering from chronic widespread psoriasis attended casualty with a cut hand caused by a tin-opener.He was given A.T.S. 1,500 units subcutaneously into his left upper arm after a negative intradermal test dose into his right upper arm.He was also started on a course of tetanus toxoid.Three days later the multiple psoriatic lesions of both fore- arms swelled, lost their scales, and became very irritant.Only the psoriatic areas of his fore- arms were affected-no other skin areas or psoriatic lesions were involved, and there was no systemic reaction.Four days later the affected areas were slowly returning to the state they were in before the injections.-I am, etc.,
Physician Credentials and ICD Implantation
Authors: James Coromilas
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MAJOR BLEEDING IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF ONE-YEAR POST-DISCHARGE MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Renato Lopes, Karen P. Alexander, Anita Y. Chen, Tracy Y. Wang, Sunil V. Rao, E. Magnus Ohman, Matthew T. Roe, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Carvedilol: the β-blocker of choice for portal hypertension?
Authors: Jaime Bosch
Journal: Gut (2013)

Development of portal hypertension is paramount in the natural history of cirrhosis. Longitudinal studies have firmly established that the risk of clinical decompensation (development of ascites, gastroesophageal varices, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy) and of hepatocellular carcinoma increases fivefold when the portal pressure gradient, evaluated by the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), increases above a threshold of 10 mm Hg.1 Oesophageal variceal bleeding requires the HVPG to increase to at least 12 mm Hg; going over 16 mm Hg or 20 mm Hg is associated with a shorter survival and to uncontrolled variceal bleeding, respectively. On the contrary, decreasing HVPG by ≥20% of baseline values or to values ≤12 mm Hg by means of medical therapy is associated with a dramatic decrease in the risk of bleeding or rebleeding, of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), hepatorenal syndrome and death.1 ,2 Therefore, it is intuitive that the more powerful an agent is decreasing the HVPG, the greater is its potential for effectively preventing the complications of portal hypertension.

The non-selective β-adrenergic blockers (NSBBs) propranolol and nadolol have been the mainstream in the pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension since its introduction, 30 years ago. Since then, many studies have demonstrated their efficacy in preventing first and recurrent variceal bleeding, and also, reducing the risk of bleeding from portal-hypertensive gastropathy and SBP.1 These beneficial effects are closely associated with the ability of these agents decreasing HVPG (which …
COMPLEX EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS GENERATES GENETIC DIVERSITY AND INTRA-TUMOR HETEROGENEITY IN INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: C. Watts, S. Piccirillo, I. Spiteri, A. Sottoriva, A. Touloumis, J. Marioni, C. Curtis, S. Tavare
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy. The disease is advanced at the time of clinical presentation and response to treatment may be confounded by clonal heterogeneity and differential patterns of resistance in spatially distinct parts of the same tumor. However, we do not understand how this complex environment evolves. Accumulating evidence suggests that intra-tumor heterogeneity is likely to be the key to understanding treatment failure, however the dynamics of such heterogeneity are still poorly understood. METHODS: Using a Fluorescence-Guided Multiple Sampling technique we obtained samples from the tumor mass, the sub-ependymal zone and the non-fluorescent tumor margin. We performed an integrated genomic analysis and combined copy number alteration and molecular clock data to develop a phylogenetic and spatial reconstruction of tumor evolution in individual patients. RESULTS: Phylogenetic reconstruction of the fragments from each GB identifies copy number alterations in EGFR and CDKN2A/B/p14ARF as early evolutionary events while aberrations in PDGFRA and PTEN occur later in the disease progression. Transcriptional profiling reveals that many patients display multiple GB subtypes within their tumor while deconstruction of the clonal organization of each tumor fragment at single-molecule level identified multiple coexisting cell lineages. Ancestral tumor precursors that gave rise to the tumor mass were found in the sub-ependymal zone of a subset of GB patients. However, in two patients the disease evolved from ancestors that were spatially remote from the sub-ependymal zone. CONCLUSIONS: Our integrated genomic analysis reports the evolution of GB in individual patients across multiple spatial scales. Our data reveals early clonal diversification generating a genetically complex and highly evolved disease environment at clinical presentation. We propose that these fundamental patient-specific tumor evolutionary dynamics underlie clinical phenotypic heterogeneity and may have implications for the emergence of resistant disease. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Neuropathology & Tumor Biomarkers.
Clinical Experience with a New Device that Will Simplify Insulin Injections
Authors: Allan S Berger, Nina Saurbrey, Claus Kühl, John Villumsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

In order to test clinically a newly developed, simple, and convenient device for giving multiple injections of short-acting insulin (Actrapid HM, Novo, Bagsværd, Denmark), 16 type I diabetic patients previously stabilized on intensified conventional therapy regimens participated in a randomized crossover study for a period of 6 wk. The patients used conventional syringes for injections of short-acting insulin during one period and the new device during the other. Conventional syringes were used for injections of basal insulin during both periods. Metabolic control was assessed by twice-weekly blood glucose profiles, HbA1c, and the frequency of hypoglycemic reactions; no significant differences were found during the two treatment periods. No infections at the injection sites were seen. Patients' evaluation of the new device was very positive.
Copper Treatment of Experimental and Clinical Arthritis
Authors: W. C. Kuzell, R. W. Schaffarzick, E. A. Mankle, G. M. Gardner, D. M. Fairley, P. S. Tabar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

Since 1940 copper salts have been used experimentally in the treatment of a variety of diseases.Goralewski (1940), Tiichler and Ranzenhofer (1940), and Arold (1940), used copper salts in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.Forestier (1944, 1949), Forestier and Certonciny (1946, 1949), and Forestier and others (1948, 1950), popularized the use of organic copper salts in rheumatic diseases.Since the use of gold salts in rheumatoid arthritis carries the risk of toxic mani- festations, it was desirable to find other chemical agents of lesser toxicity, and the copper salts were first used with this thought in mind.The two principal organic salts of copper which have been used in rheumatic diseases are Cupralenet (m'allyl-cuprothiourea sodium benzoate) and Dicuprene+ (cupro-oxyquinoline-diethyl-sulfonate).Cupralene is administered intravenously since its pH is 7 58; it contains 19 per cent.copper and is water-soluble.The usual dosage schedule is twice weekly (025 to 0 50 g.) with a total of 2 to 5 g. per series.Dicuprene contains 6 -5 per cent.copper and is dispensed in an aqueous solution ofpH 6 * 40; it may be given intramuscularly or intravenously (0 5 to 1 * 0 g.) 2 or 3 times weekly to a total of 6 to 12 g.per series.Previous Investigations Forestier and others (1950) claimed a beneficial response in rheumatoid arthritis of recent origin when copper salts were used therapeutically.He noted little toxicity and advocated their use as an adjunct in gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.His results were best in patients whose disease was of less than 1 year's duration and in whom copper salts constituted the initial therapy.When the duration of disease was less than one year, the clinical improvement was " greatly improved " and " moderately improved " in 72 per cent. of cases.When treat- ment was begun after the disease had been present for more than one year, only 40 per cent.were " improved " or " greatly improved ".When copper was used
Patients need to be more aware of choice, survey finds
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nearly half of patients using the NHS are not aware of their legal right to choose a hospital or clinic, and just under half of those referred for an outpatient appointment had not previously discussed with their GP where to receive treatment, a survey has found.

The survey of more than 2700 patients, conducted for NHS England and the health regulator Monitor, looked at the number of patients whose GPs offered such choices. Less than two fifths of patients …
CT Scans Probe Secrets of Italian Masters' Violins
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

IT STARTED in 1988 when radiologist Steven A. Sirr, MD, took along his violin to pass the time while on weekend duty at a local hospital. After performing a computed tomographic (CT) scan on an accident victim, Sirr wondered what a scan of his violin would look like. In the 9 years that followed his first violin CT scan, Sirr and his colleagues have used CT to probe the secrets of some of the rarest and most beautiful stringed instruments ever made, including 4 Stradivarius violins and other masterpieces. Speaking earlier this month at the 83rd Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), in Chicago, Ill, Sirr, who is in practice with Consulting Radiologists, Ltd, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn, described the results of his studies. To date, he and several colleagues have scanned more than 30 instruments, including 14 recognized masterpieces. According
Recognition of Information in Renal Biopsies of Patients with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Q. WHITING-O'KEEFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

To evaluate the informational value of renal biopsy in nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus, we selected the records of 30 patients who had a renal biopsy done and also had a known clinical outcome. Detailed case histories were prepared, and three distinct randomly chosen cases were given to 197 academic rheumatologists. The rheumatologists estimated the probability of future clinical events (worsened serum creatinine, worsened urine protein, renal death, and aggressive therapy) at 3 and 12 months after the biopsy. Biopsy results were given in detail, and probability estimates were made of the same clinical events using the additional information. The accuracy of each probability estimate was measured using a scoring function that depends on the estimates and the actual outcomes. Knowledge of the renal biopsy failed to improve predictive accuracy scores of estimates of future serum creatinine levels, urine protein levels, and renal death at 3 and 12 months (p < 0.0001), and for estimates of the probability of the use of aggressive therapy at 12 months (p < 0.007). The renal biopsy information improved only the accuracy of predictions concerning the use of aggressive therapy at 3 months (p < 0.0003). Knowledge of the renal biopsy results failed to add important prognostic information about the future course of treated lupus nephritis to information already obtained from history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.
REGULATORY T CELL IS ASSOCIATED WITH LIPID PLAQUE IN CORONARY ARTERY WITH INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND USING TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Tatsuya Saigusa, Yuichiro Kashima, Atsushi Izawa, Hirofumi Hioki, Keninchi Karube, Tomonori Yaguchi, Naoyuki Abe, Takashi Miura, Soichiro Ebisawa, Kazunori Aizawa, Megumi Koshikawa, Hiroki Kasai, Takeshi Tomita, Yusuke Miyashita, Jun Koyama, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 2829: Recreational physical activity and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in the California Teachers Study
Authors: Yani Lu, Jane Sullivan-Halley, Ellen T. Chang, Katherine D. Henderson, James Lacey, Huiyan Ma, Leslie Bernstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: It has been hypothesized that physical activity may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by influencing sex hormones, body fat, and frequency of ovulation. However, epidemiologic studies have provided inconsistent results. Methods: We explored the association between recreational physical activity and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in 106,270 women ages 22 to 84 years old when they joined the prospective California Teachers Study in 1995-1996. Information on strenuous and moderate physical activities from high school through age 54 years or age at cohort entry if younger than 54, and sedentary behavior one year before cohort entry was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Follow-up through 2007 identified 431 women with incident invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compute hazard rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Long-term recreational physical activity level was not associated with epithelial ovarian cancer risk, although a slightly lower risk was observed among women with high activity levels (average activity &amp;gt; 3 hrs/wk) (RR=0.81, 95%CI=0.61-1.08) relative to those with low activity levels (P for trend=0.20). Physical activity at different life periods, including the 3 years before cohort entry, also indicated a similar, statistically non-significant lower risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. No associations were observed for sedentary behavior one year before cohort entry. Conclusion: Overall, results from this study did not suggest a strong inverse association between recreational physical activity and epithelial ovarian cancer risk. Furthermore, sedentary behavior characterized by sitting time in the year prior to cohort entry was not a predictor of ovarian cancer risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2829.
Is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate a useful marker of the response to therapy in heart failure? A re-evaluation after 50 years
Authors: Jonathan Sackner-Bernstein, Howard Haber, Jeffrey Leavy, Steven Eisenberg, Greg Koshkarian, Stuart Schechter, Rochelle Goldsmith, Norma Medina, Madeline Yushak, Alan Lotvin, Marrick L. Kukin, Milton Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)