tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Andrea A. Howard, Julia H. Arnsten, Marc N. Gourevitch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Both diabetes mellitus and alcohol consumption are prevalent in the United States, yet physicians are poorly informed about how alcohol use affects risk for or management of diabetes. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review assessing the effect of alcohol use on the incidence, management, and complications of diabetes mellitus in adults. Data Sources: English-language studies in persons 19 years of age or older that were identified by searching the MEDLINE database from 1966 to the third week of August 2003 and the reference lists of key articles. Study Selection: Two independent assessors reviewed 974 retrieved citations to identify all experimental, cohort, or case–control studies that assessed the effect of alcohol use on diabetes risk, control, self-management, adverse drug events, or complications. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data and evaluated study quality on the basis of established criteria. Data Synthesis: Thirty-two studies that met inclusion criteria were reviewed. Compared with no alcohol use, moderate consumption (one to 3 drinks/d) is associated with a 33% to 56% lower incidence of diabetes and a 34% to 55% lower incidence of diabetes-related coronary heart disease. Compared with moderate consumption, heavy consumption (>3 drinks/d) may be associated with up to a 43% increased incidence of diabetes. Moderate alcohol consumption does not acutely impair glycemic control in persons with diabetes. Conclusions: Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased incidence of diabetes mellitus and a decreased incidence of heart disease in persons with diabetes. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of alcohol consumption on glycemic control and noncardiac complications in persons with diabetes.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of Interstrain Variability in Trichloroethylene Metabolism in the Mouse
Authors: Weihsueh A. Chiu, Jerry L. Campbell, Harvey J. Clewell, Yi-Hui Zhou, Fred A. Wright, Kathryn Z. Guyton, Ivan Rusyn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Quantitative estimation of toxicokinetic variability in the human population is a persistent challenge in risk assessment of environmental chemicals. Traditionally, interindividual differences in the population are accounted for by default assumptions or, in rare cases, are based on human toxicokinetic data.We evaluated the utility of genetically diverse mouse strains for estimating toxicokinetic population variability for risk assessment, using trichloroethylene (TCE) metabolism as a case study.We used data on oxidative and glutathione conjugation metabolism of TCE in 16 inbred and 1 hybrid mouse strains to calibrate and extend existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. We added one-compartment models for glutathione metabolites and a two-compartment model for dichloroacetic acid (DCA). We used a Bayesian population analysis of interstrain variability to quantify variability in TCE metabolism.Concentration-time profiles for TCE metabolism to oxidative and glutathione conjugation metabolites varied across strains. Median predictions for the metabolic flux through oxidation were less variable (5-fold range) than that through glutathione conjugation (10-fold range). For oxidative metabolites, median predictions of trichloroacetic acid production were less variable (2-fold range) than DCA production (5-fold range), although the uncertainty bounds for DCA exceeded the predicted variability.Population PBPK modeling of genetically diverse mouse strains can provide useful quantitative estimates of toxicokinetic population variability. When extrapolated to lower doses more relevant to environmental exposures, mouse population-derived variability estimates for TCE metabolism closely matched population variability estimates previously derived from human toxicokinetic studies with TCE, highlighting the utility of mouse interstrain metabolism studies for addressing toxicokinetic variability.
The Children's Oncology Group Routinely Applies “Lack of Efficacy” Interim Monitoring to Its Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: James R. Anderson, Mark Krailo
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Korn and Freidlin (2011) argue for the routine use and reporting of the use of formal interim inefficacy (often referred to as futility) monitoring for phase III randomized clinical trials comparin...
IgA Myeloma and Sternal Fracture
Authors: Charlotte Jones
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A patient with multiple myeloma, IgA k, had a pathological fracture of the sternum as an initial manifestation of the disease. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 61-year-old postman was seen in April 1973 with the complaint of shortness of breath. He had been treated at another hospital for a transverse fracture of the sternum following a trivial injury in June 1972. On examination he was a lethargic man who appeared much older than his age, with a marked deformity of the chest with angulated fracture of the sternum (Fig 1) at the level of the second rib. Laboratory studies showed the following values: blood urea nitrogen, 75 mg/100 ml; serum uric acid, 58 mg/100 ml; serum calcium, 13 mg/100 ml; phosphate, 2.5 mg/100 ml; hemoglobin, 10 gm/100 ml; hematocrit, 30%; and white blood cell count, 4,500/cu mm. The red blood cells were normocytic and normochromic, with a
A Lymphotoxin-Driven Pathway to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Johannes Haybaeck, Nicolas Zeller, Monika Julia Wolf, Achim Weber, Ulrich Wagner, Michael Odo Kurrer, Juliane Bremer, Giandomenica Iezzi, Rolf Graf, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Robert Thimme, Hubert Blum, Sergei A. Nedospasov, Kurt Zatloukal, Muhammad Ramzan, Sandra Ciesek, Thomas Pietschmann, Patrice N. Marche, Michael Karin, Manfred Kopf, Jeffrey L. Browning, Adriano Aguzzi, Mathias Heikenwalder
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Circulatory Support by a Left Ventricular Balloon Pump
Authors: DAVID E. DONALD, DWIGHT C. MCGOON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The ability of a left ventricular balloon pump to provide support of the circulation when myocardial function had been severely impaired was examined in six dogs. When the unassisted damaged left ventricle could not maintain systemic blood flows adequate for survival, left ventricular balloon pumping resulted in peripheral blood flows which ranged from 37 to 77 ml/min/kg. These balloon-generated blood flows have been maintained for periods up to three hours. Assist of the circulation by balloon pumping was accompanied by an increase in systemic arterial blood pressure and a decrease in left atrial end-diastolic pressure. The effectiveness of left ventricular balloon pumping was reduced in hypovolemia and in the presence of ventricular extrasystolic beats. Left ventricular balloon pumping was not effective in generating a sustained peripheral flow of blood when the heart was fibrillating.
Future research directions in the use of biomarkers.
Authors: K Hemminki, R Kumar, V J Bykov, J Louhelainen, P Vodicka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Many DNA adduct studies have been carried out in occupational groups that have been at a risk of cancer based on epidemiological results relating to exposure decades ago. Even new epidemiological publications on cancer cannot accurately address the effective exposures after about 1970. This is one justification for biomarker studies. Another justification is exposures for which epidemiological studies have not been conducted or have provided inadequate results, in spite of suspicions raised by short-term or animal experiments. The modulation of environment carcinogenesis by host polymorphism in genes for xenobiotic metabolizing and DNA repair enzymes is currently under extensive investigation. The studies relating phenotype/genotype to cancer are presently extended to various end points that may be related to cancer such as DNA adducts and cytogenetic damage. Adjustment for a metabolic phenotype or genotype may also increase the precision in the measurement. Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may give clues to the etiology of cancer.
Medicare and HMOs — The Search for Accountability
Authors: Richard Kronick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Twenty-five years after the introduction of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) as an alternative to fee-for-service Medicare, the promise of these private plans — that competition among them would lead to improvements in the quality and efficiency of health care delivery — remains largely unfulfilled. Some analysts see this failure as a reason to scrap them. However, given the inherent limitations of fee for service, a better solution would be for the new administration and Congress to make one more attempt to extract value from private health plans by holding them accountable for the quality and cost of the care they . . .
Management of Wilderness and Environmental Emergencies
Authors: Michael S. Jastremski
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The good news about this book is that chapter 31 provides instruction for the emergency care of your sick or injured mule (or llama). The bad news is that you will need a pack animal if you want to take it along on your wilderness experience. In fact, this book is not designed to be a field manual for emergency care. It is intended to be the definitive text on wilderness and environmental medicine, and it is my opinion that the editors have done an outstanding job in achieving this goal.  In addition to the expected presentations on the various toxic flora, fauna, and environmental extremes encountered in the outdoors, I was delighted to find chapters on search and rescue, disaster management, aeromedical transport, infectious diseases, veterinary medicine, and medical-legal issues. The discussions are detailed and topical, but in a style that is clear and accessible. The chapter organization is
Development of Electric Control of Cardiac Rhythm
Authors: Paul M. Zoll
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Techniques for electric control of cardiac rhythm began with the demonstration of an action current preceding each myocardial contraction. Next came direct stimulation and countershock defibrillation with electrodes placed directly on the exposed heart. Later, external electric stimulation and external countershock with electrodes on the precordium permitted emergency resuscitation from ventricular standstill and fibrillation and provided a means for stopping rapid arrhythmias. Cardiac monitors permit the prompt recognition and identification of arrhythmias; they led to the widespread growth of coronary-care units. Cardiac pacing is now undergoing extensive development and application in many new directions.
Treatment of Intractable Rheumatoid Arthritis with Total Lymphoid Irradiation
Authors: Brian L. Kotzin, Samuel Strober, Edgar G. Engleman, Andrei Calin, Richard T. Hoppe, Geoffrey S. Kansas, Candace P. Terrell, Henry S. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Eleven patients with intractable rheumatoid arthritis were treated with total lymphoid irradiation (total dose, 2000 rad) in an uncontrolled feasibility study, as an alternative to long-term therapy with cytotoxic drugs such as cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. During a follow-up period of five to 18 months after total lymphoid irradiation, there was a profound and sustained suppression of the absolute lymphocyte count and in vitro lymphocyte function, as well as an increase in the ratio of Leu-2 (suppressor/cytotoxic) to Leu-3 (helper) T cells in the blood. Persistent circulating suppressor cells of the mixed leukocyte response and of pokeweek mitogen-induced immunoglobulin secretion developed in most patients. In nine of the 11 patients, these changes in immune status were associated with relief of joint tenderness and swelling and with improvement in function scores. Maximum improvement occurred approximately six months after irradiation and continued for the remainder of the observation period. Few severe or chronic side effects were associated with the radiotherapy.
Bilateral distal fibular and tibial stress fractures associated with heavy smoking
Authors: S Mpofu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

An unusual case of simultaneous bilateral stress fractures of the distal tibia and fibula in a 45 year old white woman is described. The onset of symptoms was not associated with a specific episode of trauma, sporting activity, or identifiable inflammatory predisposing cause. Her bone density scan, bone profile, and biochemistry were all normal. Although stress fractures are well recognised, bilateral distal tibial and fibular fractures are particularly rare. A high degree of awareness is required for early diagnosis.
Long-term results after the Fontan operation for tricuspid atresia.
Authors: D A Girod, F Fontan, C Deville, J Ottenkamp, A Choussat
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Between 1968 and 1977, 32 patients who underwent the Fontan operation for tricuspid atresia at Bordeaux, France, or Leiden, The Netherlands, survived at least 1 year after surgery. These patients were evaluated clinically 7 to 16 years (mean 8.9 years) after surgery by review of clinical records, questionnaire, or direct examination. There were five deaths: one during arrhythmia, the second sudden and unexplained, and three others after reoperation. Four of the five patients had evidence of obstruction of the atriopulmonary or atrioventricular conduit. There were eight reoperations. Two were for residual atrial septal defects, one for an atrial septal defect and an intrapulmonary arteriovenous fistula, and one for a residual ventricular septal defect. The other four were reoperated for severe conduit or homograft obstruction. One of these four also had a residual shunt, severe mitral regurgitation, and reduced left ventricular function. One patient was found to have left ventricular dysfunction 3 months after surgery, which persisted. Another patient had left ventricular dysfunction unmasked after successful mitral annuloplasty for severe mitral regurgitation. No other patients had clinical evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. Recurrent supraventricular tachycardia occurred in four patients and was eventually fatal in one patient with associated conduit obstruction. Of the 27 survivors, 13 are in NYHA class I, 13 are in class II, and one is in class III. We conclude that clinical results of the Fontan operation remain good in most patients 7 to 16 years after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Male microchimerism in women with systemic sclerosis and healthy women who have never given birth to a son
Authors: N C Lambert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Male DNA or cells are often used to measure microchimerism in a woman. In studies of autoimmune diseases male microchimerism is most often attributed to the previous birth of a son.To determine the frequency of male microchimerism in healthy women or women with systemic sclerosis who had never given birth to a son.Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the Y chromosome specific sequence DYS14 was employed to test DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 26 women with systemic sclerosis and 23 healthy women who had never given birth to a son.are expressed as the genome equivalent number of male cells per million host cells (gEq/mil).Results: Male DNA was found in 15% of women with systemic sclerosis (range 0 to 23.7 gEq/mil) and in 13% of healthy women (range 0 to 5.1 gEq/mil). Although two women with male DNA had an induced abortion, most had no history of spontaneous or induced abortion (either systemic sclerosis or healthy).Microchimerism with male DNA can be found in the circulation of women who have never given birth to a son. Thus sources other than a male birth must be considered when male DNA is used to measure microchimerism. Although other studies are needed, there was no apparent difference in women with systemic sclerosis and healthy women. Possible sources of male DNA include unrecognised male pregnancy or unrecognised male twin, an older male sibling with transfer through the maternal circulation, or sexual intercourse alone.
Abstract 4047: Mining of microRNA signatures in endometrial cancer
Authors: Yick Fu Wong, T.H. Cheung, S.F. Yim, T.S. Lau, L.K.Y. Chan, S.W. Ng, T.K.H. Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract [Introduction] Endometrial cancer has now become the most common gynaecologic malignancy worldwide. About 80-90 % of endometrial cancer are endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas (EEC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by inducing cleavage of the targeted messenger or by inhibiting translation. Our entire study was to mine miRNA signatures involved in EEC tumorigenesis and progression. Here we report a part of the results that is on miRNAs associated with endometrial cancer progression in vitro. [Methods] We examined the expression of 365 mature miRNAs by real-time RT-PCR based plate assays in 52 EEC including 30 advanced- and 22 early-stage tumors, and compared that to 30 normal counterparts. To know about the deregulated miRNAs associated with endometrial cell behavior, miRNA inhibitor and pre-miRNA were used to inhibit up-regulated miRNA and induce down-regulated miRNA in highly invasive endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1A cells. Quantitative TaqMan RT-PCR was performed to measure miRNA levels in cells before and after treatment, respectively. Migration and invasion assays were carried out to evaluate effects of those deregulated miRNAs on invasion of endometrial cancer cells in vitro. [Results] Supervised clustering analysis of global miRNA expression in endometrial caner and normal control identified 17 miRNAs up-regulated and 2 miRNAs down-regulated, respectively, in EEC. When the miRNA expression profiles in advanced stage tumors were compared to those in early stage tumors, 6 miRNAs were significantly over-expressed and one miRNA under-expressed in advanced stage tumors. Cell migration and invasion assay showed the ability of cell migration and invasion was significantly inhibited by anti-miR-7, anti-miR-194, anti-miR-449b and pre-miR-204 in HEC-1A cells in vitro. [Conclusion] Unique miRNA signatures seem to be existed in ECC. Deregulated miRNAs miR-7, miR-194, miR-204 and miR-449b might mediate endometrial cancer progress. These miRNAs are potentially to be developed as novel diagnostic and/or prognostic molecular markers as well as candidate therapeutic targets of EEC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4047.
Long-Term Quality of Life After Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Anita Wokhlu, Kristi H. Monahan, David O. Hodge, Samuel J. Asirvatham, Paul A. Friedman, Thomas M. Munger, David J. Bradley, Christine M. Bluhm, Janis M. Haroldson, Douglas L. Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Indications and limitations for aged patients with chronic hepatitis C in pegylated interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin combination therapy
Authors: Tsugiko Oze, Naoki Hiramatsu, Takayuki Yakushijin, Kiyoshi Mochizuki, Masahide Oshita, Hideki Hagiwara, Eiji Mita, Toshifumi Ito, Hiroyuki Fukui, Yoshiaki Inui, Taizo Hijioka, Masami Inada, Kazuhiro Kaytayama, Shinji Tamura, Harumasa Yoshihara, Atsuo Inoue, Yasuharu Imai, Michio Kato, Takuya Miyagi, Yuichi Yoshida, Tomohide Tatsumi, Shinichi Kiso, Tatsuya Kanto, Akinori Kasahara, Tetsuo Takehara, Norio Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Leukemogenic MLL Fusion Proteins Bind across a Broad Region of the <i>Hox a9</i> Locus, Promoting Transcription and Multiple Histone Modifications
Authors: Thomas A. Milne, Mary Ellen Martin, Hugh W. Brock, Robert K. Slany, Jay L. Hess
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Chromosome translocations involving the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL are associated with aggressive acute leukemias in both children and adults. Leukemogenic MLL fusion proteins delete the MLL SET domain Lys(4) methyltransferase activity and fuse MLL to 1 of >40 different translocation partners. Some MLL fusion proteins involve nuclear proteins that are transcriptional activators, whereas others have transcriptional activating activity but instead dimerize the truncated MLL molecule. Both types of MLL fusion proteins enforce persistent expression of Hox a9 and Meis1, which is pivotal for leukemogenesis through mechanisms that remain obscure. Here, we show that nuclear and dimerizable forms of MLL bind with a similar pattern to the Hox a9 locus that overlaps the distribution of wild-type MLL and deregulate transcription of three isoforms of Hox a9. Induction of MLL fusion protein activity is associated with increased levels of histone acetylation and Lys(4) methylation at Hox target genes. In addition, the MLL-ENL-ER protein, but not dimerized MLL, also induces dimethylation of histone H3 at Lys(79), suggesting alternative mechanisms for transcriptional activation.
Alcohol Consumption and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Marathon Runners
Authors: Walter Willett, Charles H. Hennekens, Arthur J. Siegel, Marvin M. Adner, William P. Castelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

BOTH alcohol consumption1 , 2 and physical activity3 are inversely related to coronary heart disease. In addition, both are positively associated with increased levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 4 5 6 7 8 high levels of which protect against coronary heart disease.9 However, the association between alcohol consumption and HDL-C has not been examined among persons who are likely to have increased HDL-C levels because they engage in physical activity. The finding of a positive association would suggest that the relation between alcohol use and HDL-C could not be explained by a tendency of people who drink alcohol to exercise more.To examine the interrelations between alcohol . . .
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators and Pregnancy
Authors: Andrea Natale, Theresa Davidson, Mary J. Geiger, Keith Newby
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the outcome of pregnancy in women with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Methods and Results A multicenter retrospective analysis was performed on women with an ICD who became pregnant. Data were collected on 44 patients. The mean age and ejection fraction at the time of the initial ICD implant were 25.6±4.9 years and 49.8±9.7%, respectively. The mean follow-up after the ICD implant was 4.8±2.8 years. Forty-two women had abdominally implanted generators, and 2 had a prepectoral device. Thirty had epicardial lead sensing systems, and 14 had transvenous. Thirty-six (82%) experienced no complications, and 8 (18%) had a medical or device-related complication. The ICD-related problems included tenderness at the ICD pocket scar (2 patients), generator migration (1), and pericarditis secondary to the epicardial patches (1). Medical complications were pulmonary embolism (1), therapeutic abortion (1), worsening hyperthyroidism (1), congestive heart failure (1), and weight loss (1). Thirty-seven women delivered vaginally, and 7 underwent cesarean section. Thirty-nine babies were born healthy, 1 was stillborn, 2 were small for gestational age, 1 had transient hypoglycemia, and 1 woman had a therapeutic abortion unrelated to the ICD. During pregnancy, 33 women received no ICD therapy, 8 had 1 shock, 1 had 5 discharges, 1 had 11 shocks, and 1 had 5 shocks. The total number of shocks during pregnancy ranged from 0 to 11, with an average of 0.66±1.9 discharges. Five women had 7 additional pregnancies without an ICD shock. Conclusions The mere presence of an ICD should not defer a women from becoming pregnant unless she has an underlying structural cardiac disease that is considered a contraindication. Pregnancy does not increase the risk of major ICD-related complications or result in a high number of ICD discharges.