tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HEMANGIOMA OF THE SPINAL CORD
Authors: M. E. Blahd
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Although I have nothing new to add to the subject of hemangioma of the spinal cord, the extreme rarity of the condition warrants the report of a case which came under my observation recently. Up to the year 1915, Cobb was able to compile seven cases from the literature, to which he added one of his own, making a total of eight. A careful search of the literature since 1915 has not revealed an additional instance; therefore, the case which I am now reporting is the ninth on record.<sup>2</sup> <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —R. H., a youth aged 14 years, entered the Elyria Memorial Hospital, May 12, 1922, complaining of complete paralysis of both lower extremities and both sphincters. His family history contains nothing of importance. His personal history is negligible except for one fact. About eight months previous to his entry into the hospital, while walking through the
Voluntary Risks to Health-Reply
Authors: Robert M. Veatch
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I am sympathetic with Dr Gillette's concern that social and political forces may prevent meaningful government action against voluntary health risks. This kind of concern I incorporate into what I call the social structural model. Social institutions (economic, political, and others) may be real and important factors in the causal chain that makes the behaviors less than voluntary. The core of the argument, however, was to separate paternalistic interventions that would have as their goal the prevention of the behavior per se and nonpaternalistic interventions that would provide greater equity in the distribution of the costs of the risky behavior. Thus, I am sympathetic with Dr Gillette's observation that many of the behaviors give pleasure to certain persons. I never classified any of these activities as undesirable. They are merely potentially costly. If they are truly voluntary behaviors and truly risky behaviors, then equity requires that the individual
More on Acyclovir for Chickenpox
Authors: Madeleine Duvic, Douglas Grossman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Dunkle et al. (Nov. 28, 1991, issue)1 reported that treatment with acyclovir reduces the duration and severity of chickenpox in normal children when therapy is begun during the first 24 hours after the appearance of rash. The effect of acyclovir treatment on susceptibility to recurrent or reactivated varicella-zoster virus infection is controversial2. In April 1992, the three-year-old daughter of one of us (Patient 1) contracted chickenpox and inadvertently inoculated five children, including her sister (Patient 2) and her best friend (Patient 3). Patient 1 had hundreds of vesicles on her trunk and face and still has . . .
More Light on Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia?
Authors: Rudi Schmid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

With the following words, published in 1913, the great Finnish pediatrician, Ylppö, began a new chapter of perinatal physiology1: "... the liver at birth is functionally incomplete and with the physiologic increase of bile pigment toward the end of the fetal period and after birth, bile pigment flows into the general circulation." The postulated functional "immaturity" of the fetal and neonatal liver for the handling of bile pigment has since been amply documented, and unconjugated bilirubin was identified as the pigment that accumulates in the plasma of the newborn. Once the potential risk of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia for producing irreversible . . .
Complications of Therapy and a Diagnostic Dilemma Case
Authors: Paul Haluska, Patrick H. Luetmer, Carrie Y. Inwards, Bekele Afessa, Thomas C. Shives, James N. Ingle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.006 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 14673057 Complications of Therapy and a Diagnostic Dilemma Case CASE 3. DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA: SARCOIDOSIS SIMULATING METASTATIC MALIGNANCY Paul HaluskaxPaul HaluskaSearch for articles by this author , Patrick H. LuetmerxPatrick H. LuetmerSearch for articles by this author , Carrie Y. InwardsxCarrie Y. InwardsSearch for articles by this author , Bekele AfessaxBekele AfessaSearch for articles by this author , Thomas C. ShivesxThomas C. ShivesSearch for articles by this author , James N. InglexJames N. IngleSearch for articles by this author Show More Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.04.006 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
FEEDING TRIAL IN RELATION TO "EPIDEMIC ENTERITIS"
Authors: E. P. Minett
Journal: BMJ (1909)

THE possibility of using a practically sterile food for infants in relation to infantile summer diarrhoea, or "epidemic enteritis," has been considered from many points of view, all or most of the methods used starting with cow's milk as their basis.Now as the case incidence of this disease in large town and crowded areas, as compared with rural districts, seems to be double, or practically so (11.5 against 5.0), it
Termination of Early Pregnancy by the Progesterone Antagonist RU 486 (Mifepristone)
Authors: Beatrice Couzinet, Nelly Le Strat, Andre Ulmann, Etienne Emile Baulieu, Gilbert Schaison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We studied the effects of the progesterone antagonist RU 486 in 100 women with early, unwanted pregnancy (within 10 days of the expected onset of the missed menstrual period). Thirty-four women received oral doses of 400 mg (in four days), 26 received 600 mg (in four days), and 40 received 800 mg (in two days). Uterine bleeding occurred in all patients within four days of the first dose and continued for 5 to 17 days. In 85 of the women, a dramatic decrease in the plasma chorionic gonadotropin level was observed on day 6, and an empty uterus was confirmed by ultrasonography on day 13. Hence, these women were considered to have had a complete abortion. Fifteen subjects had persistently elevated plasma chorionic gonadotropin levels on day 6 and were considered not to have responded to RU 486. They all had uterine evacuation, which was facilitated by a softening of the cervix. The percentage of women with complete abortion was similar in all dosage groups. Furthermore, plasma levels of immunoreactive RU 486 were similar in subjects with and without complete abortion. The only important side effect observed in the responders was prolonged uterine bleeding in 18 percent, but neither blood transfusion nor curettage was required. We conclude that RU 486 is an effective and safe method for termination of very early pregnancy but that it should be used only under close medical supervision.
Diphyllobothriasis in Americans and Asians
Authors: John R. Dooley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The editorial by William R. Barclay, MD, on an apparent increase in diphyllobothriasis (fish tapeworm disease) in the United States (1981;246:2448) is based on a report from the National Centers for Disease Control (CDC) ( MMWR , July 27, 1981), which is difficult to construe without consulting the literature. Two points deserve amplification.  First, no current data document persistent transmission of diphyllobothriasis in the Midwest. VonBonsdorf's 1 recent, authoritative monograph quotes work by T. B. Magath and others that represents the position of 50 years ago.  At that time evidence for Diphyllobothrium plerocercoids in fish caught in midwestern waters indicated two areas of activity. The first involved a few lakes in northeastern Minnesota that drained into the Arctic Ocean via tributaries of the Nelson River. Resurvey of one waterway in this area by Weinstein and Appelget 2 in 1952 disclosed continued contamination of fish in Lake Shawga near Ely,
The Abbreviated Pr Interval of Fabry's Disease
Authors: Corbin P. Roudebush, James M. Foerster, Oscar H. L. Bing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

CARDIAC involvement is common in Fabry's disease, and electrocardiographic abnormalities are frequent but nonspecific. We recently followed three brothers with documented Fabry's disease. These patients and three out of four others, whose electrocardiograms were published in the literature, demonstrated an abbreviated PR interval.Case StudiesThe electrocardiograms from 3 brothers with Fabry's disease proved by pathological examination were evaluated. The diagnosis was established at 34,35 and 38 years of age. At that time, electrocardiograms demonstrated PR intervals of 0.10,0.11 and 0.12 seconds (Fig. 1). Incomplete right-bundle-branch block was present on the electrocardiogram of 1 patient. All had nonspecific T-wave abnormalities, . . .
Studies of Sulfobromophthalein Sodium (BSP) Metabolism in Man. I. In Normal Subjects and Patients with Hepatic Disease*
Authors: Leslie J. Schoenfield, William T. Foulk, Hugh R. Butt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Although sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP, Bromsulphalein) has been used extensively for testing hepatic function since its introduction by Rosenthal and White in 1925 (1), relatively little was learned regarding its transport and metabo- lism until recent years.Disappearance of BSP from the blood after intravenous administration of the dye involves a complicated process (2).It is effected by the interrelated functions of hepatic uptake, storage, conjugation, and biliary excre- tion, each of which may be influenced by such dynamic factors as blood circulation and pro- tein availability (3).The precise role of extra- hepatic metabolism (4) and the importance of the enterohepatic circulation (5) of BSP in the physiology of normal and of pathologic states have not yet been clearly established.The rate of disappearance of BSP from the blood (fractional clearance or percentage disappearance rate, PDR) has been suggested as a more sensitive index of liver function than is the percentage of intravenously administered BSP retained after a specific time interval (6, 7).Barber-Riley, Goetzee, Richards, and Thomson (8) have shown that after a single intravenous dose of BSP, the disappearance curve can be ex- pressed as two exponential terms from which the rate of transfer from plasma to liver and that from liver to bile may be calculated.The initial exponential portion of the disappearance curve for BSP is likely a reflection of the function of hepatic uptake, although extrahepatic and entero- hepatic influences have not been entirely excluded.In 1950 Brauer and Pessotti (9) discovered that a metabolic transformation of most of the
Regulatory B cells are identified by expression of TIM-1 and can be induced through TIM-1 ligation to promote tolerance in mice
Authors: Qing Ding, Melissa Yeung, Geoffrey Camirand, Qiang Zeng, Hisaya Akiba, Hideo Yagita, Geetha Chalasani, Mohamed H. Sayegh, Nader Najafian, David M. Rothstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

T cell Ig domain and mucin domain protein 1 (TIM-1) is a costimulatory molecule that regulates immune responses by modulating CD4+ T cell effector differentiation. However, the function of TIM-1 on other immune cell populations is unknown. Here, we show that in vivo in mice, TIM-1 is predominantly expressed on B rather than T cells. Importantly, TIM-1 was expressed by a large majority of IL-10–expressing regulatory B cells in all major B cell subpopulations, including transitional, marginal zone, and follicular B cells, as well as the B cell population characterized as CD1dhiCD5+. A low-affinity TIM-1–specific antibody that normally promotes tolerance in mice, actually accelerated (T cell–mediated) immune responsiveness in the absence of B cells. TIM-1+ B cells were highly enriched for IL-4 and IL-10 expression, promoted Th2 responses, and could directly transfer allograft tolerance. Both cytokine expression and number of TIM-1+ regulatory B cells (Bregs) were induced by TIM-1–specific antibody, and this was dependent on IL-4 signaling. Thus, TIM-1 is an inclusive marker for IL-10+ Bregs that can be induced by TIM-1 ligation. These findings suggest that TIM-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for modulating the immune response and provide insight into the signals involved in the generation and induction of Bregs.
Inhaled platelet-activating factor worsens gas exchange in mild asthma.
Authors: M A Félez, J Roca, J A Barberà, C Santos, M Rotger, K F Chung, R Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To investigate the potential effects of inhaled platelet-activating-factor (PAF) (12 micrograms) to perturb pulmonary gas exchange in bronchial asthma, six patients (mean +/- SE, 23 +/- 2 yr) with intermittent asthma (FEV1, 90% predicted) were studied before and 5, 15, and 45 min after challenge. Circulating white blood cells, respiratory system resistance (Rrs), systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, and respiratory and inert pulmonary gas exchange were measured. Five minutes after PAF leukocytes fell, Rrs increased (by 27%). PaO2 decreased (by 15 mm Hg), and AaPO2 increased (twofold) (p < 0.05 each). Ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) distributions worsened in a pattern similar to that commonly observed in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Dispersions of pulmonary blood flow (log SD Q) and of alveolar ventilation (log SD V), and an overall index of Va/Q heterogeneity (DISP R-E*) increased significantly (123% for DISP R-E*; p < 0.05, each). Gas exchange indices and Rrs were still minimally abnormal at 15 min but returned towards baseline at 45 min. Ventilatory and hemodynamic variables remained unaltered throughout the study. These results suggest that endogenous PAF may be implicated in the arterial blood gas abnormalities shown during exacerbations of bronchial asthma.
Abnormal muscle mechanosignaling triggers cardiomyopathy in mice with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Jason R. Cook, Luca Carta, Ludovic Bénard, Elie R. Chemaly, Emily Chiu, Satish K. Rao, Thomas G. Hampton, Peter Yurchenco, Kevin D. Costa, Roger J. Hajjar, Francesco Ramirez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), a multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibrillin 1, are unusually vulnerable to stress-induced cardiac dysfunction. The prevailing view is that MFS-associated cardiac dysfunction is the result of aortic and/or valvular disease. Here, we determined that dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in fibrillin 1–deficient mice is a primary manifestation resulting from ECM-induced abnormal mechanosignaling by cardiomyocytes. MFS mice displayed spontaneous emergence of an enlarged and dysfunctional heart, altered physical properties of myocardial tissue, and biochemical evidence of chronic mechanical stress, including increased angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) signaling and abated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity. Partial fibrillin 1 gene inactivation in cardiomyocytes was sufficient to precipitate DCM in otherwise phenotypically normal mice. Consistent with abnormal mechanosignaling, normal cardiac size and function were restored in MFS mice treated with an AT1R antagonist and in MFS mice lacking AT1R or β-arrestin 2, but not in MFS mice treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or lacking angiotensinogen. Conversely, DCM associated with abnormal AT1R and FAK signaling was the sole abnormality in mice that were haploinsufficient for both fibrillin 1 and β1 integrin. Collectively, these findings implicate fibrillin 1 in the physiological adaptation of cardiac muscle to elevated workload.
Marrow--making a difference from both sides
Authors: Nadia Stock, Ruth Pearson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<b>Nadia Stock</b> and <b>Ruth Pearson</b> got involved with Marrow, a project that recruits people to the Anthony Nolan Trust9s bone marrow register. But they did not realise just how big a part the organisation would play in their lives; Ruth was asked to donate and Nadia discovered that she needed a transplant
Associacion Of 308G&gt;A And -238G&gt;A TNF-α Polymorphisms With Asthma In A Spanish Population
Authors: J.C. Batista, J.R. Padrón, M. Isidoro-García, C.S. Sanz, V. García, D. Benito, L. Hernández, I.J. Dávila, F. Lorente
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Doctors need to fully investigate cause of blackouts, says NICE
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Healthcare professionals should thoroughly assess anyone who has had a suspected blackout or transient loss of consciousness to rule out any serious underlying condition, says a new quality standard from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).1

Around half of the UK population experience a transient loss of consciousness at some point in their lives. For most people there is a simple explanation—for example, if a person has been standing …
Babies in the front seat.
Authors: A Seymour
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ipecacuanha (mean time to Voomit, 17 min) and a further 20% vomited after the second dose of the syrup (mean time to vomit, 36 min after first dose), making a total response of 960,, in this group.There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients vomit- ing between the 15-and 30-ml dose groups.Our results indicate that syrup of ipecacuanha is indeed an effectivxe treatment for poisoning in adults and must be regarded as a useful and often more convenient and safer alternative to gastric lavage.It should, how- ever, be emphasised that ipecacuanha syrup is contraindicated for comatose patients and also for those patients who have ingested corrosive substances or petroleum distillates.
Exploiting Gene Expression Profiling to Identify Novel Minimal Residual Disease Markers of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Irene Y. Cheung, Yi Feng, William Gerald, Nai-Kong V. Cheung
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Minimal residual disease (MRD) presents a significant hurdle to curing metastatic neuroblastoma. Biological therapies directed against MRD can improve outcome. Evaluating treatment efficacy requires MRD measurement, which serves as surrogate endpoint. Because of tumor heterogeneity, no single marker will likely be adequate. Genome-wide expression profiling can uncover potential MRD markers differentially expressed in tumors over normal marrow/blood. Experimental Design: Gene expression array was carried out on 48 stage 4 tumors and 9 remission marrows using the Affymetrix U95 gene chip. Thirty-four genes with a tumor-to-marrow expression ratio higher than tyrosine hydroxylase were identified. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was done on all 34 genes to study the dynamic range of tumor cell detection and the expression of these genes in normal marrow/blood samples and in stage 4 neuroblastoma tumors. Top ranking markers were then tested for prognostic significance in the marrows of stage 4 patients collected from the same treatment protocol after two cycles of immunotherapy. Results: Based on sensitivity assays, 8 top-ranking markers were identified: CCND1, CRMP1, DDC, GABRB3, ISL1, KIF1A, PHOX2B, and TACC2. They were abundantly expressed in stage IV neuroblastoma tumors (n = 20) and had low to no detection in normal marrow/blood samples (n = 20). Moreover, expression of CCND1, DDC, GABRB3, ISL1, KIF1A, and PHOX2B in 116 marrows sampled after two treatment cycles was highly prognostic of progression-free and overall survival (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Marker discovery based on differential gene expression profiling, stringent sensitivity and specificity assays, and well-annotated patient samples can rapidly prioritize and identify potential MRD markers of neuroblastoma.
Electrocardiographic Strain Pattern and Prediction of New-Onset Congestive Heart Failure in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Peter M. Okin, Richard B. Devereux, Markku S. Nieminen, Sverker Jern, Lasse Oikarinen, Matti Viitasalo, Lauri Toivonen, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Björn Dahlöf
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The ECG strain pattern of ST depression and T-wave inversion is strongly associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) independently of coronary heart disease and with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. However, whether ECG strain is an independent predictor of new-onset congestive heart failure (CHF) in the setting of aggressive antihypertensive therapy in unclear.The relationship of ECG strain at study baseline to the development of CHF was examined in 8696 patients with no history of CHF who were enrolled in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. All patients had ECG LVH by Cornell product and/or Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria on a screening ECG, were treated in a blinded manner with atenolol- or losartan-based regimens, and were followed up for a mean of 4.7+/-1.1 years. Strain was defined as a downsloping convex ST segment with inverted asymmetrical T-wave opposite the QRS axis in lead V5 or V6. ECG strain was present in 923 patients (10.6%), and new-onset CHF occurred in 265 patients (3.0%), 26 of whom had a CHF-related death. Compared with patients who did not develop CHF, hypertensive patients who developed CHF were older; were more likely to be black, current smokers, and diabetic; were more like to have a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, stroke, or peripheral vascular disease; and had greater baseline severity of LVH by Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage, higher baseline body mass indexes, higher serum glucose levels and albuminuria, similar baseline systolic and diastolic pressures, and reductions in diastolic pressure with treatment but greater reductions in systolic pressure. In univariate Cox analyses, ECG strain was a significant predictor of new-onset CHF (hazard ratio [HR], 3.27; 95% CI, 2.49 to 4.29) and CHF mortality (HR, 4.74; 95% CI, 2.11 to 10.64). In Cox multivariable analyses adjusting for baseline differences between patients with and without new-onset CHF, in-treatment differences in systolic and diastolic pressures, Sokolow-Lyon voltage, and Cornell product, and the impact of treatment with losartan versus atenolol on outcomes, ECG strain remained a significant predictor of incident CHF (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.48) and CHF-related death (HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.02 to 7.63).ECG strain identifies hypertensive patients at increased risk of developing CHF and dying as a result of CHF, even in the setting of aggressive blood pressure lowering.
IN VIVO ASSESSMENT OF IN–STENT NEOATHEROSCLEROSIS AFTER DRUG–ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Kenji Miwa, Takao Matsubara, Toshihiko Yasuda, Masaru Inoue, Nobuo Ukawa, Hirofumi Okada, Youhei Yakuta, Takao Matsui, Honin Kanaya, Masa–aki Kawashiri, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Role of the State Agency
Authors: J. W. Cashman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The Public Health Service has been delegated responsibility for advising the Social Security Administration and assisting state agencies in the professional health aspects of the Health Insurance for the Aged Program; the utilization review requirements for hospitals and extended-care facilities are integrally related to this. Of interest is how this procedure can assist physicians to care for all their patients, not just beneficiaries of the Health Insurance Program. The Public Health Service believes in the importance of its overall objective—the maintenance of high-quality patient care and an increase in effective utilization of all health services, to be achieved through an educational approach involving the study of patterns of care and the encouragement of appropriate utilization of available resources. Extensive experimentation will be required. Although much work already has been done in this area, further exploration and experimentation is needed to learn how this procedure may best be adapted to different