tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Denosumab in Men Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Matthew R. Smith, Blair Egerdie, Narciso Hernández Toriz, Robert Feldman, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Fred Saad, Jiri Heracek, Maciej Szwedowski, Chunlei Ke, Amy Kupic, Benjamin Z. Leder, Carsten Goessl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Androgen-deprivation therapy is well-established for treating prostate cancer but is associated with bone loss and an increased risk of fracture. We investigated the effects of denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, on bone mineral density and fractures in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer.
THE ECZEMA-ASTHMA SYNDROME: PSYCHIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS.
Authors: BARBARA WOODHEAD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article THE ECZEMA‐ASTHMA SYNDROME: PSYCHIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS. Get access BARBARA WOODHEAD, M.R.C.P., D.P.M. BARBARA WOODHEAD, M.R.C.P., D.P.M. Psychiatrist, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 2, 1 February 1955, Pages 50–52, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12686.x Published: 01 February 1955
14 Characterization of inflammatory cells recruited to airways of atopic subjects after local antigen challenge: I. Priming of macrophages (MØs) but not neutrophils (PMNs) by antigen challenge
Authors: R DUPUIS, M POLLICE, S GUHA, Y KOH, K ALBERTINE, J FISH, S PETERS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)
Writing to authors of systematic reviews elicited further data in 17% of cases
Authors: J McGrath, G Davies, K Soares
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Roberts and Schierhout have emphasised the importance of writing letters to authors of trials in order to locate additional references for systematic reviews.1 We have recently completed nine reviews related to the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, which are available in the Cochrane Library. We identified 49 trials that had data suitable for our reviews, and a further 72 trials that still require either clarification of design issues or extraction of data on the prespecified outcomes. Altogether …
Peripheral Neuropathy (Peripheral Neuritis) with Bronchiectasis
Authors: J. E. Caughey, R. F. Wilson, J. Borrie
Journal: Thorax (1958)

The circulatory system was normal, with a blood pressure of 125/70 mm.Hg.In the nervous system the cranial nerves were intact, and there was little objective evidence of disturbance in the arms and hands.The abdominal reflexes were brisk.All deep reflexes were surpris-on August 2,
Order Out of Chaos: John Shaw Billings and America's Coming of Age
Authors: Larry R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1995)

John Shaw Billings (1838-1913) was one of those extraordinary people that America was blessed with in the latter 19th century (John Wesley Powell is another who comes to mind)—extraordinary not only in the extent of their accomplishments but also in the widely diverse spheres in which they worked. Undertaking a biography of such a person and trying to explain how anyone could cover so many fields, and cover them well, in one lifetime is an ambitious task. Dr Carleton Chapman, a past dean at and historian of the Dartmouth Medical School, has obviously admired and pursued his subject over a considerable period, the result being as thorough an account of that lifetime as is possible. His depiction of Billings as the prototypical workaholic and compulsive detailer gives a persuasive major explanation of how he accomplished so much. A brief overview of this life in the space of a book review
Increased urinary excretion of acidic mucopolysaccharides in exophthalmos
Authors: Roger J. Winand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The excretion of mucopolysaccharides normally found in urine (chondroitin, chondroitin sulfates A and C, keratosulfate, and heparitin sulfate) is increased approximately twofold in patients with progresive exophthalmos. A threefold elevation of total serum mucopolysaccharides is also found. These increases are unrelated to thyroid function.
Combination of Microsurgery and Gene Therapy for Spinal Dorsal Root Injury Repair
Authors: Song Liu, Delphine Bohl, Stephane Blanchard, Josette Bacci, Gérard Saïd, Jean-Michel Heard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Brachial plexus injury is frequent after traffic accident in adults or shoulder dystocia in newborns. Whereas surgery can restore arm movements, therapeutic options are missing for sensory defects. Dorsal root (DR) ganglion neurons convey sensory information to the central nervous system (CNS) through a peripheral and a central axon. Central axons severed through DR section or avulsion during brachial plexus injury inefficiently regenerate and do not reenter the spinal cord. We show that a combination of microsurgery and gene therapy circumvented the functional barrier to axonal regrowth at the peripheral and CNS interface. After cervical DR section in rats, microsurgery restored anatomical continuity through a nerve graft that laterally connected the injured DR to an intact DR. Gene transfer to cells in the nerve graft induced the local release of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and stimulated axonal regrowth. Central DR ganglion axons efficiently regenerated and invaded appropriate areas of the spinal cord dorsal horn, leading to partial recovery of nociception and proprioception. Microsurgery created conditions for functional restoration of DR ganglion central axons, which were improved in combination with gene therapy. This combination treatment provides means to reduce disability due to somatosensory defects after brachial plexus injury.
New Cremation Regulations
Authors: W. H. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1964)

28%) fibrillation was not noted at all, and in none were generalized movements seen, such as occur when full doses of suxamethonium are injected.Duration of Relaxation (min.)No. of Patients Under 5 so S-8 31 8-12 4 12-14 1Theoretically, the use of an anticholinesterase combined with suxamethonium might presage difficulties, but these have not been reported in practice.Others have recorded side-effects of tetrahydroaminacrine.' In my series, bradycardia has been noted in three cases, and salivation is sometimes marked, but is not significant when oral suction is in use.Both respond to intravenous atropine.In spite of these possible drawbacks and the limited number of cases, the low incidence of muscle-pain sequelae justify the extension and further investigation of this technique, which seems to spare the patient from a dis- tressing consequence of what is a relatively minor procedure.A small additional factor is economy.One ampoule of each drug suffices for three or four cases.I wish to thank my dental colleagues, Mr.
Development of experimental model of chronic pyelonephritis with Escherichia coli O75:K5:H-bearing Dr fimbriae: mutation in the dra region prevented tubulointerstitial nephritis.
Authors: P Goluszko, S L Moseley, L D Truong, A Kaul, J R Williford, R Selvarangan, S Nowicki, B Nowicki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Escherichia coli that express Dr fimbriae and related adhesins recognize the common receptor decay accelerating factor. E. coli strains that express adhesins of the Dr family were postulated to be associated with cystitis (30-50%), pregnancy-associated pyelonephritis (30%), and chronic diarrhea (50%). In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that E. coli renal interstitial binding mediated by the Dr adhesin may be important for the development of chronic pyelonephritis. An insertional dra mutant, E. coli DR14, of the clinical E. coli isolate IH11128 bearing Dr fimbriae, was constructed and used to characterize persistence of infection and interstitial tropism in an experimental model of ascending pyelonephritis. Quantitative cultures of kidney homogenates indicated that Dr hemagglutinin positive (Dr+) E. coli IH11128 established a 1-yr colonization of renal tissue. In the Dr hemagglutinin negative (Dr-) group, 50% of animals cleared infection within 20 wk and 100% between 32 to 52 wk. Dr+ E. coli colonized the renal interstitium. Significant histological changes corresponding to tubulointerstitial nephritis including interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and tubular atrophy were found in the kidney tissue of the Dr+ but not the Dr- group. A substantial amount of fimbrial antigen was detected in the parenchymal regions affected by interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The obtained results are consistent with the hypothesis that mutation within the dra region, affecting E. coli binding to tubular basement membranes, prevented renal interstitial tropism and the development of the changes characteristically seen in tubulointerstitial nephritis.
The Inflammatory Process
Authors: John D. Shelburne
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The vast increase in knowledge of the inflammatory process necessitated expansion of the original work from the one-volume edition of 1965 to three volumes. The first of these has now appeared and it maintains the high standard of excellence set in the original edition. In volume 1, four completely new chapters deal with chemotaxis, phagocytosis, platelets, and the biochemistry of the plasma membrane. Updated and expanded chapters on cell injury, neutrophils, mononuclear phagocytes, and mast cells are also provided. New insights into specific human and animal diseases are reviewed in all chapters. The quality and number of illustrations has been greatly increased. Transmission electron micrographs are especially improved. Scanning electron micrographs have been added. Diagrams are used effectively to clarify structural concepts. All chapters are written by internationally recognized experts—in most cases the same as in the previous edition. These authors have generally succeeded in being clear, succinct, and readable
Regression of atherosclerosis: preliminary but encouraging news
Authors: John Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Drugs, surgery, and possibly changes in smoking behavior can apparently induce a measurable regression of atherosclerosis and other lesions associated with the onset of heart disease in man and animals, according to a series of reports presented at a recent international congress on lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis in Lugano, Switzerland. The meeting was sponsored by the European Atherosclerosis Group and the Fondazione Giovanni Lorenzini, Milan, Italy. For example, in rhesus monkeys, Robert W. Wissler, MD, PhD, and Dragoslava Vesselinovitch, DVM, of the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine, found that a combination of cholestyramine resin, a bile acid sequestering agent, and probucol, a cholesterol-lowering drug, both in wide use clinically, produced major regressions in the size of stherosclerotic lesions within a year. The reduction ensued despite the fact that the animals continued to eat the same high-cholesterol diet that had induced the atherosclerosis in the first place. In the
Massively parallel sequencing, aCGH, and RNA-Seq technologies provide a comprehensive molecular diagnosis of Fanconi anemia
Authors: Settara C. Chandrasekharappa, Francis P. Lach, Danielle C. Kimble, Aparna Kamat, Jamie K. Teer, Frank X. Donovan, Elizabeth Flynn, Shurjo K. Sen, Supawat Thongthip, Erica Sanborn, Agata Smogorzewska, Arleen D. Auerbach, Elaine A. Ostrander
Journal: Blood (2013)
THE CHOICE OF OPERATION IN CANCER OF THE COLON, NOT INCLUDING THE RECTUM
Authors: FRED W. RANKIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Surgical attack on the colon for cancer differs in the various segments of the bowel, not only in immediate mortality incurred and availability of operative technic, but also from the standpoint of recurrence. Anatomically and functionally, the two halves of the colon differ markedly. The right division, from the operative standpoint, is more easy of mobilization and lends itself more readily to resection than its fellow of the opposite side. Its contents, being liquid, are less septic than either the middle or the left division of the colon, and its removal is compensated for by either the distal ileum or that portion of the large bowel into which the anastomosis is made. Its lymphatic supply is scanty and connected mostly with its outer surface, and its blood supply is so constant that, both from the standpoint of operative success and from that of freedom from recurrence, the right colon offers
1004-54 Correlation of Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging with Histology of Normal and Diseased Pulmonary Arteries
Authors: Cyril Y. Leung, Takafumi Hiro, Sarah de Guzman, Ali R. Farvid, Houshang Karimi, John Sylora, Jonathan M. Tobis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Role of cytochrome P-450 2E1 in ethanol-, carbon tetrachloride— and iron-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation
Authors: Tirso Castillo, Dennis R. Koop, Seiichiro Kamimura, George Triadafilopoulos, Hidekazu Tsukamoto
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

This study investigated the role of cytochrome P-450 2E1 in enhanced microsomal lipid peroxidation in experimental alcoholic liver disease. We also examined the contribution of this isoform to the increased microsomal injury in alcoholic liver disease caused by carbon tetrachloride-induced or iron-induced oxidant stress. Adult male Wistar rats were intragastrically infused with a high-fat diet and ethanol or glucose for 16 wk; this resulted in hepatic lipid peroxidation and fibrogenesis in the ethanol-fed animals. Microsomes were isolated by differential centrifugation in the presence of 100 mumol/L deferoxamine, washed twice in buffer without deferoxamine and incubated in the absence or presence of ethanol (50 mmol/L), carbon tetrachloride (150 mumol/L), ferric citrate (50 mumol/L) or ferric citrate plus ethanol at 37 degrees C for 30 min in an NADPH-generating system. The basal rate of lipid peroxidation in microsomes isolated from ethanol-fed rats was increased by 52% compared with that in microsomes from controls. Carbon tetrachloride-induced and ferric citrate-induced lipid peroxidation were also accentuated in microsomes from ethanol-fed rats, by 76% and 108%, respectively. Ethanol added in vitro significantly reduced basal (-58%) and ferric citrate-induced (-48%) lipid peroxidation in microsomes from ethanol-fed rats, whereas it had an insignificant effect on that in control microsomes. In fact, this protective effect of ethanol on microsomes from ethanol-fed rats resulted in attenuation of the difference in the level of microsomal lipid peroxidation between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Therapeutic Administration of a Synthetic CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Triggers Formation of Anti-CpG Antibodies
Authors: Julia Karbach, Antje Neumann, Claudia Wahle, Kathrin Brand, Sacha Gnjatic, Elke Jäger
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide CpG 7909, which contains unmethylated cytosine/guanine (CpG) motifs, has potent immunostimulatory effects when coadministered with NY-ESO-1 peptides or recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein, resulting in an enhanced cellular and humoral immune response against the vaccine antigen. In this study, we report the development of anti-CpG-ODN antibodies in 21 of 37 patients who received CpG 7909 either alone or as a vaccine adjuvant. Specific anti-CpG immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers ranged from 1:400 to 1:100,000. The anti-CpG antibodies cross-reacted with other synthetic CpG-ODNs but not with the DNA of mixed bacterial vaccine and were shown to be phosphorothioate backbone specific. Vaccine-related severe side effects observed in some patients were most likely not related to the development of anti-CpG antibodies. In addition, anti-CpG antibodies did not have negative effects on the vaccine immune response. These results show that anti-CpG antibodies develop in humans against short unmethylated CpG dinucleotide sequences after administration of CpG 7909. Our data therefore substantiate the potency of CpG 7909 to directly stimulate human B-cells and suggest that anti-CpG antibody monitoring should be a part of ongoing and planned clinical trials with CpG-ODNs. Cancer Res; 72(17); 4304–10. ©2012 AACR.
David William Bookless
Authors: P. Fox
Journal: BMJ (2014)

David William Bookless was born in Norwich and educated in Suffolk. He started reading medicine at Edinburgh University in 1939 but after a year decided to take a “gap year” (or five) and enlisted in the navy. He was a leading seaman in the ammunitions room on HMS Meteor , serving in the Mediterranean and the Russian supply convoys. On completing his commission he was stationed with bomb disposal in North Africa. …
An Outbreak of Mud-Wrestling—Induced Pustular Dermatitis in College Students
Authors: Amanda I. Adler
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To investigate an outbreak of gram-negative folliculitis in relation to a common exposure, mud wrestling, and identify risk factors for dermatitis among those who mud wrestled.Case-control study.University of Washington, Seattle.Two college-residence groups of students.Cultures from affected students and from mud similar to that used for wrestling yielded Enterobacteriaceae. The odds ratio associated with mud wrestling was 79.5 (95% confidence interval, 13.9 to 895.4). Increased time spent wrestling was associated with increased risk. Skin trauma during wrestling or immersion in the mud increased the risk of infection (odds ratio, 23.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 1440.4).Mud wrestling is one cause of pustular follicular dermatitis. Trauma to the skin may be a necessary cofactor for the development of infection.
Potentially Inappropriate Screening Colonoscopy in Medicare Patients
Authors: Kristin M. Sheffield, Yimei Han, Yong-Fang Kuo, Taylor S. Riall, James S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Inappropriate use of colonoscopy involves unnecessary risk for older patients and consumes resources that could be used more effectively.To determine the frequency of potentially inappropriate colonoscopy in Medicare beneficiaries in Texas and to examine variation among physicians and across geographic regions.This retrospective cohort study used 100% Medicare claims data for Texas and a 5% sample from the United States from 2000 through 2009. We identified Medicare beneficiaries aged 70 years or older who underwent a colonoscopy from October 1, 2008, through September 30, 2009.Colonoscopies were classified as screening in the absence of a diagnosis suggesting an indication for the procedure. Screening colonoscopy was considered potentially inappropriate on the basis of patient age or occurrence too soon after colonoscopy with negative findings. The percentage of patients undergoing potentially inappropriate screening colonoscopy was estimated for each colonoscopist and hospital service area.A large percentage of colonoscopies performed in older adults were potentially inappropriate: 23.4% for the overall Texas cohort and 9.9%, 38.8%, and 24.9%, respectively, in patients aged 70 to 75, 76 to 85, or 86 years or older. There was considerable variation across the 797 colonoscopists in the percentages of colonoscopies performed that were potentially inappropriate. In a multilevel model including patient sex, race or ethnicity, number of comorbid conditions, educational level, and urban or rural residence, 73 colonoscopists had percentages significantly above the mean (23.9%), ranging from 28.7% to 45.5%, and 119 had percentages significantly below the mean (23.9%), ranging from 6.7% to 18.6%. The colonoscopists with percentages significantly above the mean were more likely to be surgeons, graduates of US medical schools, medical school graduates before 1990, and higher-volume colonoscopists than those with percentages significantly below the mean. Colonoscopist rankings were fairly stable over time (2006-2007 vs 2008-2009). There was also geographic variation across Texas and the United States, with percentages ranging from 13.3% to 34.9% in Texas and from 19.5% to 30.5% across the United States.Many colonoscopies performed in older adults may be inappropriate. The likelihood of undergoing potentially inappropriate colonoscopy depends in part on where patients live and what physician they see.
Nicotine Inhaler for Smoking Cessation-Reply
Authors: Philip Tønnesen
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply  —Our enrollment in the nicotine inhaler study was almost supersonic: all 286 smokers were enrolled in 5 days in the afternoon after working hours. Many subjects felt that the sessions were unsatisfactcory due to the hurry and lack of personal contact. The subjects saw a 7-minute videotape at entry only. This could also be arranged in a primary care setting. We believe that the primary care physician could take advantage of his or her knowledge of, and partnership with, the smoker, and so the consultation time need not be more than 5 to 10 minutes. The low success rate in the placebo group in our study is a reflection of the minimal psychological support provided, combined with a relatively low degree of motivation to quit in moderately nicotine-dependent subjects. In contrast, we have attained higher success rates when we used nicotine gum in combination with group meetings. 1
THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE
Authors: H. J. Waring
Journal: BMJ (1921)

May 2. ";Mr.Harvey of St. Bartholomew's Hospital brought Ten Gentlemen, Students at that Hospital, to the Museum."These were probably the first visitors to the Museunm apart fromii Members of the Court of Assistants or of the College staff.May 3. "M Ar.Hawvkins [Master in the inaugtural year of the (ollege, 18001 and his friend called;l to see the Museum," and there arrived " A Mummy in a Glass case from Thebes," which Antholny Carlisle stubsequently unirolled before a select aui(lienice.On May 17 there came the first American visitor, " a frielnd of Sir W. Blizard's, to see the Museum."On the 25th came the widow of John Hunter with Mrs.Campbell (Agnies HIunter).July 12. "Received the Ostriclh from Exeter Change, for wlhich Mir.Home paid Mr. Polito's mlaii £5 5s."Later, arrived a lama at the price of two guiineas.The Museumn, niow fuLlly installed, was first opened to visitors for two days weekly on May 18tlh, 1813.On June lltl, 1816, " the Museum opened to visitors for June, July, and Augu.st."Clift seems to have made a point of showing visitors roundl the collection, then, as now, unrivalled.In his zealous, unaffected way, lhe gave his explanations to -all and sundry, to students as well as to distinguished laymen.Among the former we may imagine Jolhn
Letter: Assessing the safety of comatose and postanaesthetic patients.
Authors: M E Tunstall, M E Beveridge
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Basal 2 4 6 80.01 2 4 6 80-1 Heart rate (beats/min) Tremor (relative amplitude) 120 5-1 " ~~B 0.01 0-1 B 001 0.1 L-Isoprenaline sulphate (uqg/kq/min) ( loq scale)Effects of increasing intravenous doses of isoprenaline in eight patients with obstructive lung disease not previously treated with adrenergic betastimulating drugs (I) and effects after one, two, and three months' treatment with terbutaline (II, III, and IV).end of the first isoprenaline infusion.This was much less pronounced after one, two, and three months' terbutaline treatment.The rise in pulse rate was also somewhat less during treatment.From these preliminary findings it seems that resistance does not develop in the bronchial muscles after this dose of terbutaline, while there is an obvious development of resistance to isoprenaline-induced muscular tremor.This accords with clinical experience.We shall observe further isoprenaline dose-response curves after six, nine, and 12 months' treatment with terbu- taline to avoid seasonal variations in bronchial obstruction and finally after giving terbutaline in very large doses for several days.