tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remodeling Phenotype of Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Macrophages
Authors: V. Bourlier, A. Zakaroff-Girard, A. Miranville, S. De Barros, M. Maumus, C. Sengenes, J. Galitzky, M. Lafontan, F. Karpe, K.N. Frayn, A. Bouloumié
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) have become a focus of attention recently because they have been shown to accumulate with an increase in fat mass and to be involved in the genesis of insulin resistance in obese mice. However, the phenotype and functions of human ATMs are still to be defined. Methods and Results— The present study, performed on human subcutaneous AT, showed that ATMs from lean to overweight individuals are composed of distinct macrophage subsets based on the expression of several cell surface markers: CD45, CD14, CD31, CD44, HLA-DR, CD206, and CD16, as assessed by flow cytometry. ATMs isolated by an immunoselection protocol showed a mixed expression of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-23, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-8, cyclooxygenase-2) and antiinflammatory (IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, alternative macrophage activation–associated cc chemokine-1, cyclooxygenase-1) factors. Fat mass enlargement is associated with accumulation of the CD206 + /CD16 − macrophage subset that exhibits an M2 remodeling phenotype characterized by decreased expression of proinflammatory IL-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 and increased expression of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1. ATMs specifically produced and released matrix metalloproteinase-9 compared with adipocytes and capillary endothelial cells, and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 from human AT in vivo, assessed by arteriovenous difference measurement, was correlated with body mass index. Finally, ATMs exerted a marked proangiogenic effect on AT-derived endothelial and progenitor cells. Conclusions— The present results showed that the ATMs that accumulate with fat mass development exhibit a particular M2 remodeling phenotype. ATMs may be active players in the process of AT development through the extension of the capillary network and in the genesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular pathologies.
TCT-127 The Impact of Later Generation Thoracic Aortic Stent Grafts as Demonstrated in the VALOR II Trial
Authors: Zvonimir Krajcer, Michael Tuchek, Anthony Lee, Rod White, Manish Mehta, Sean Lyden, Dipankur Mukherjee, Joseph Bavaria, Ronald Fairman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
EARLY ORTHOPEDIC CARE IN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: C. E. IRWIN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The type of orthopedic care indicated for those individuals who have recently experienced an attack of poliomyelitis is based on the pathologic processes in both the spinal cord and the skeletal muscles. It is essential to interpret correctly these pathologic processes in terms of the altered anatomy and physiologic function before effective treatment can be instituted. Furthermore, the degree of muscle improvement it is ultimately possible to obtain is determined by the severity and distribution of this pathologic condition. The first objective in treatment is to preserve all potential neuromuscular units that remain anatomically intact and to maintain the skeleton in proper alinement while the protection of these units is being carried out. It is important to realize that intact anatomic units immediately after the acute disease cannot all function as physiologic units. A paralyzed muscle fiber will not contract until its physiologic processes have been restored, and its physiologic
Tandem-Pore K+ Channels Mediate Inhibition of Orexin Neurons by Glucose
Authors: Denis Burdakov, Lise T. Jensen, Haris Alexopoulos, Rhiannan H. Williams, Ian M. Fearon, Ita O'Kelly, Oleg Gerasimenko, Lars Fugger, Alexei Verkhratsky
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Liver and biliary disease: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. Edited by Ralph Wright, G. H. Millward-Sadler, K. G. M. M. Alberti and Stephen Karran, second edition. 1608 pp. London/Philadelphia: Ballière Tindall/W. B. Saunders Company, 1985. $125.00
Authors: Colin E. Atterbury
Journal: Hepatology (1986)
Can Glucocorticoid Homeostasis Explain the Antiatherogenic Effect of Peripheral Adiposity?
Authors: Daniel J. Brotman, John P. Girod
Journal: Circulation (2003)

To the Editor:Tankó et al 1 observed that peripheral adiposity in elderly women may be associated with a relatively reduced risk of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and vascular calcification.They suggested that this benefit reflects an antiatherogenic effect of peripheral fat.However, we believe their findings support the concept that subtly increased glucocorticoid activity may exert dysmetabolic and atherogenic effects.It is well known, for example, that supraphysiologic levels of glucocorticoids, as seen in Cushing syndrome, increase central adiposity at the expense of peripheral adiposity and muscle mass.In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that connects physiologically elevated endogenous glucocorticoid activity with visceral obesity-a phenomenon that may be mediated at the central level via increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and at the peripheral level via increased conversion of cortisone to cortisol by 11-␤hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue. 2,3Increased activity of neuroendocrine stress axes-including elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis tone-has been linked to the metabolic syndrome and may contribute to the clustering of low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, insulin resistance, hypertension, and visceral obesity. 4In addition, there is in vitro evidence that glucocorticoids may contribute to vascular calcification. 5 In sum, the association between peripheral adiposity and favorable vascular risk factor profiles observed by Tankó et al 1 may not be due to direct atheroprotective effects of peripheral fat per se.It is plausible that this association reflects a variation in endogenous glucocorticoid tone between the different groupshigh glucocorticoid tone associated with central fat distribution and low glucocorticoid tone associated with peripheral fat distribution.It would be interesting to know whether other features of increased glucocorticoid activity, such as osteoporosis and decreased muscle mass, were more prevalent in those women with a more central fat distribution.
AMA Drug Evaluations
Authors: Richard S. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with both interest and a certain amount of dismay the editorial by Dr. Joseph R. DiPalma (228:499, 1974). Some of Dr. DiPalma's statements seem on the verge of contradiction. At one point in his adulation of<i>AMA Drug Evaluations (AMA-DE)</i>the author imparts the hope that pharmacology instructors (among others) will use the book in the course of their teaching responsibilities. At another point, he states that only a "sound education" can aid in better prescribing habits among physicians. Both these statements, however, are soon shown to lack credibility when the indication is presented that "clinical pharmacologists" may find some fault with<i>AMA-DE</i>due to its lack of comparison of new drugs with older, and perhaps better, agents. Of all the sections of the book, this particular one would seemingly offer the greatest potential for educating the physician as to the possible merits of a
Origin and Evolution of the Regulatory Gene male-specific lethal-3
Authors: Ignacio Marín, Bruce S. Baker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Dosage compensation in Drosophila is mediated by genes known as “male-specific lethals” (msls). Several msls, including male-specific lethal-3 (msl-3), encode proteins of unknown function. We cloned the Drosophila virilis msl-3 gene. Using the information provided by the sequences of the Drosophila melanogaster and D. virilis genes, we found that sequences of other species can be aligned along their entire lengths with msl-3. Among them, there are genes in yeasts (the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Alp13 gene, as well as a putative Alp13 homolog, found in Saccharomyces cerevisae) and in mammals (MRG15 and MSL3L1 and their relatives) plus uncharacterized sequences of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the plants Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Zea mays. A second Drosophila gene of this family has also been found. It is thus likely that msl-3-like genes are present in all eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that msl-3 is orthologous to the mammalian MSL3L1 genes, while the second Drosophila melanogaster gene (which we have called Dm MRG15) is orthologous to mammalian MRG15. These analyses also suggest that the msl-3/MRG15 duplication occurred after the fungus/animal split, while an independent duplication occurred in plants. The proteins encoded by these genes have similar structures, including a putative chromodomain close to their N-terminal end and a putative leucine zipper at their C-terminus. The possible functional roles of these proteins are discussed.
Parkinson's disease in a Scottish city.
Authors: W J Mutch, I Dingwall-Fordyce, A W Downie, J G Paterson, S K Roy
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In a detailed community study the total prevalence of idiopathic Parkinson9s disease in Aberdeen was 164.2/10(5) of the population. The age and sex specific prevalence rose to 2657.8/10(5) (2.7%) of men and 2071.0/10(5) (2.0%) of women aged over 84. The mean age at onset, irrespective of sex, was 65.3 years (SD 12.6) and varied little compared with similar studies over the past 25 years. Half of patients were independent but 78/225 (34.7%) were considerably disabled and 23/225 (10.2%) were confined to bed or a wheelchair. Disability increased with age and also with a low minimental state questionnaire score. The score was less than or equal to 7/10 (graded 0-10) in 93/252 (37%) of patients and less than 5/10 in 28/252 (11%). Parkinson9s disease remains a common and disabling condition in the community.
Does This Patient Have Erythema Migrans?
Authors: Carrie D. Tibbles, Jonathan A. Edlow
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Erythema migrans, while not pathognomonic, is the most common manifestation of early Lyme disease. Accurate diagnosis of this rash is essential to initiating appropriate antibiotic therapy.To determine the sensitivity of history and physical examination characteristics for the diagnosis of erythema migrans.Structured MEDLINE searches of articles written only in English, 1966 through March 2007.Studies were included if they enrolled at least 15 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of erythema migrans and reported original data regarding the history and physical examination characteristics of the patients.One author abstracted data from the studies.We separately analyzed the studies from Europe and analyzed both Lyme-endemic and nonendemic areas of the United States to search for potential differences in the clinical presentation. Thirty-two studies from Europe, 20 studies from the United States, and 1 from Europe and the United States met inclusion criteria for a total of 8493 patients. Sensitivity was calculated for each of the variables. No studies included patients without erythema migrans, so specificity data and likelihood ratios could not be determined. Many patients do not recall a tick bite. Associated systemic symptoms, such as fever and headache, are frequently reported. Nausea and vomiting are rare. A solitary lesion is the most frequent presentation in both US (81%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 72%-87%) and European patients (88%; 95% CI, 81%-93%). Central clearing is less common in the endemic United States (19%; 95% CI, 11%-32%) vs Europe (79%; 95% CI, 69%-86%) and the nonendemic United States (80%; 95% CI, 63%-90%).Our analysis of the current available literature suggests that there is no single element in the history or physical examination that is highly sensitive by itself for the diagnosis of erythema migrans. Clinicians should be aware of the wide variability in the clinical presentation of erythema migrans and the need to factor in multiple components of the clinical examination and epidemiological context.
Examine Your Doctor: A Patient's Guide to Avoiding Medical Mishaps
Authors: Elliott B. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1983)

After I examined<i>Examine Your Doctor</i>, I gave it a failing grade. In the provision of health care to 250 million persons, there are going to be some slipups, some abuses, some iatrogenic deaths. The problem with Kra's sophomoric analysis is that he leads readers to conclude that malpractice is so rampant, so out of control, that society perceives only the tip of an iceberg. This is not the case. The introductory chapter explains malpractice from the vantage point of the insurance industry, but in the simplification, the basics are lost. While he discusses informed consent, Kra neglects the foundation of the physician-patient relationship in a legal sense, and no mention is made of "the standard of care." This concept, the standard of care, is the yardstick by which all medical negligence actions are measured. There is no discussion of the duty, the breach of the duty, or the derivation
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung in Vietnam Veterans Younger Than 35 Years
Authors: Lee Schacter, Edward Crum, Sherry Abboud, Harvey Mendelsohn, Thomas Spitzer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The question of whether the health of military personnel serving in Vietnam was jeopardized by the use of phenoxy herbacides contaminated by chlorophenols and dioxins remains unanswered. Sarcomas have been reported in lumber workers exposed to these agents<sup>1,2</sup>and among exposed chemical industry workers.<sup>3</sup>Three cases of thoracic sarcomas in Vietnam veterans have been reported.<sup>4</sup> Other malignant conditions could also be associated with chlorophenol and dioxin exposure. We now report two cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung in Vietnam veterans younger than 35 years. Both served in defoliated areas between 1968 and 1970. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> A 31-year-old man was seen with cough and a right upper lobe mass in August 1981 (Fig 1). The patient had been an infantryman in Vietnam from April 1969 to April 1970; however, there was no clear history of herbacide exposure. He was a two-pack-a-day
KIR B haplotype donors confer a reduced risk for relapse after haploidentical transplantation in children with ALL
Authors: Lena Oevermann, Sebastian U. Michaelis, Markus Mezger, Peter Lang, Jacek Toporski, Alice Bertaina, Marco Zecca, Lorenzo Moretta, Franco Locatelli, Rupert Handgretinger
Journal: Blood (2014)
More than half of child labourers work in hazardous conditions
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Millions of child labourers worldwide, especially those engaged in hazardous work, face grave health risks that have been systematically under-reported, says a study.

Children are more likely to be killed or injured at work than adults, says the report by the International Labour Organization (ILO), launched on 1 June at its annual ministerial conference. Children are at risk of health problems ranging from lung damage and cancers to premature arthritis through exposure to extreme toxic chemicals, harsh settings, and repetitive tasks.

The ILO’s director general, Juan Somavia, called for joint action by governments, employers, and workers to protect children. “Tackling work that jeopardises the safety, health, or morals of children must be a common and urgent priority,” he said.

The report highlights the high proportion of children still involved in hazardous work: about 115 million of the world’s estimated 215 million child labourers. In …
Compartmentalized IL-8 and elastase release within the human lung in unilateral pneumonia.
Authors: A Boutten, M S Dehoux, N Seta, J Ostinelli, P Venembre, B Crestani, M C Dombret, G Durand, M Aubier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Because interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemotactic and activating cytokine, we investigated IL-8 production in relation to neutrophil migration and elastase release in the human lung during unilateral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In 17 patients, the local response in the involved lung was compared with that in the contralateral, noninvolved lung, and with the systemic response. Eight healthy volunteers served as controls. IL-8, total neutrophil elastase (NE), free elastase activity, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), and total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). Mean IL-8 concentrations in BALF from the involved lungs of the patients were significantly greater than those in BALF from the noninvolved lung or from controls (p < or = 0.001). By contrast, the serum IL-8 concentration was not different in patients and in controls. Total NE and alpha 1-AT concentrations were increased in BALF from the involved lung as compared with the noninvolved lung or controls (p < or = 0.001). The elastase-inhibitory capacity of alpha 1-AT in BALF was impaired in the involved lung of seven of the 14 patients as compared with the controls, leading to free elastase activity in the involved lung of all patients with CAP. Plasma total NE concentrations were significantly greater in the CAP patients than in the controls. IL-8 concentrations in BALF correlated positively with total leukocyte counts, absolute numbers and percentages of neutrophils, total NE concentrations, and free elastase activity. Our results suggest that during unilateral CAP, locally produced IL-8 may trigger neutrophil accumulation and activation, thus contributing to a local elastase/antielastase imbalance within the site of infection.
A Case of Malignant Small-Pox: The Diagnosis Masked by Reported Injury
Authors: G. G. Gascoyen
Journal: BMJ (1872)

building, with the exception of the roof, might be made of glass and iron framework, the portions substituted for masonry being of such colour as would prevent the admission of too much light.I trust I have now said enough to show that my aim has been to prevent patients who are living under one roof becoming a source of injury and annoyance to each other, to benefit and please each individual, and to render the building itself as little a pest-house as possible.In conclusion, I would beg to express the great pleasure it has afforded me in addressing the meeting now assembled, and presided over by a gentleman so distinguished for his labours in the department of public medicine.
Role of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Predicting Outcome in 860 Patients With Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Seng-Chye Chuah, Patricia A. Pellikka, Veronique L. Roger, Robert B. McCully, James B. Seward
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Increasingly, dobutamine stress echocardiography has been used for detection of coronary artery disease. Less information exists regarding the incremental prognostic value of the test, including semiquantitative wall scoring, compared with clinical and rest echocardiographic variables. Methods and Results —Follow-up information was obtained from 860 patients who underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography over a 2-year period. To determine the value of dobutamine stress echocardiography in predicting cardiac events, including cardiac death and myocardial infarction, clinical and rest and stress echocardiographic data were considered in a stepwise Cox multivariate regression model. During follow-up of up to 52 months, 72 patients underwent coronary revascularization before any cardiac event and were censored. Eighty-six patients had cardiac events, including nonfatal myocardial infarction in 36 and cardiac death in 50. In a multivariate model, a history of congestive heart failure, the percentage of abnormal segments at peak stress, and an abnormal left ventricular end-systolic volume response to stress were independent predictors of cardiac events. The model that best predicted subsequent cardiac events included clinical and stress echocardiographic data. Conclusions —Dobutamine stress echocardiography with semiquantitative segmental wall scoring provides important incremental information in predicting subsequent cardiac events.
David Livingstone. 1813-1873.
Authors: G Shepperson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Dr. Livingstone, I presume  When Henry M. Stanley, in bis search for Britain's lost hero in Darkest  found him at last in Ujiji on 10 November 1871, he uttered this classically stilted sentence, which is probably the first thing that will come to most people's minds when their attention is drawn to the centenary of the Scottish missionary-explorer's death. What, however, many of them will not ask is, Where did Stanley place the accent?on the surname or on the Doctor ? The question is not a facetious one. Although white men of any kind were scarce in East Africa in the 1870s, white medical men were absolute rarities. Stanley, with a little luck, could have come across some sort of European on the shores of Lake Tangan yika; but his chances of finding one who was also a doctor?and the most famous doctor in the whole of Africa at that time? were slender. David Livingstone, indeed, was not only one of the first medical missionaries in Central and Southern Africa but, as Michael Gelfand has pointed out in his invaluable study of Livingstone's medical knowledge and influence, he may also be considered one of the first medical missionaries in the world.1
Gallium Scintigraphy in Exfoliative Erythroderma
Authors: RONALD G. WHEELAND, JOE C. LEONARD, DARREL L. ELLIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Generalized exfoliative erythroderma may be associated with use of numerous medications, pre-existing cutaneous disease, or systemic illness, including infection, lymphoma, leukemia, or other internal malignancy. Ga-67 scintigraphy, performed in a patient with exfoliative erythroderma of unknown causes, demonstrated extensive cutaneous uptake. This was associated with a dense lymphohistiocytic infiltrate of the epidermis and dermis on skin biopsy. Follow-up studies obtained six weeks after the clearing of all skin lesions showed complete resolution. This previously unreported finding may be due to the presence of increased numbers of chronic inflammatory cells having lactoferrin or transferrin receptors that can complex with Ga-67.
Incidental Finding of the Nutcracker Phenomenon Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hongyan Yin, Jinhua Zhao, Lianfang Du
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 46-year-old man was found to have an increased carcinoembryonic antigen level (25.7 μg/L) during physical examination, and an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was subsequently performed. The PET image indicated abnormal radioactivity levels in the left kidney, and the coregistered CT revealed compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. An ultrasonography was then performed, which revealed that the ratio between the renal hilum and the aortomesenteric left renal vein was 3.2. Therefore, the nutcracker phenomenon was diagnosed. When abnormal radioactivity is found in the left kidney on PET/CT scanning, the nutcracker syndrome should be considered.
Use of home insemination in programmes of artificial insemination with donor semen.
Authors: E A McLaughlin, P D Bromwich, A M Macken, A P Walker, J R Newton
Journal: BMJ (1983)

patients using these, 16 either failed to appreciate that the tyres were flat or did not know how to inflate them.Their mental function test score did not differ from that of those whose tyres were fully inflated.Altogether 15 women and four men did not know how to pump up tyres, and 11 patients did not possess a pump.Two wheelchairs had a different type of valve connection on each wheel; the users were not aware that the pump could be adapted to both types of valve.Fourteen wheelchairs had primary brake defects (six of these also had flat tyres).In 10 cases the brake spring was too weak and in four it was too stiff.'Newton JR.Current status of AI in clinical practice.In: Artificial in-