tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Free radical related myocardial mitochondrial damage following limb ischaemia-reperfusion
Authors: E. Bastounis, L. Hadjinikolaou, M. Pikoulis, C. Tsigris, E. Marinos, P. Toutouzas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Free radical related myocardial mitochondrial damage following limb ischaemia-reperfusion Get access Elias Bastounis, Elias Bastounis Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece—First Surgical Department of Laikon Hospital: E Bastounis, L Hadjinikolaou, M Pikoulis, C Tsigris; Cardiology Department of Hippokration Hospital: P Toutouzas; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology: E Marinos. Correspondence to Dr Hadjinikoulaou at: 8 Androu St, Moschato, GR 18345 Athens, Greece. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leonidas Hadjinikolaou, Leonidas Hadjinikolaou Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece—First Surgical Department of Laikon Hospital: E Bastounis, L Hadjinikolaou, M Pikoulis, C Tsigris; Cardiology Department of Hippokration Hospital: P Toutouzas; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology: E Marinos. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Manolis Pikoulis, Manolis Pikoulis Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece—First Surgical Department of Laikon Hospital: E Bastounis, L Hadjinikolaou, M Pikoulis, C Tsigris; Cardiology Department of Hippokration Hospital: P Toutouzas; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology: E Marinos. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christos Tsigris, Christos Tsigris Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece—First Surgical Department of Laikon Hospital: E Bastounis, L Hadjinikolaou, M Pikoulis, C Tsigris; Cardiology Department of Hippokration Hospital: P Toutouzas; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology: E Marinos. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Evangelos Marinos, Evangelos Marinos Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece—First Surgical Department of Laikon Hospital: E Bastounis, L Hadjinikolaou, M Pikoulis, C Tsigris; Cardiology Department of Hippokration Hospital: P Toutouzas; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology: E Marinos. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paulos Toutouzas Paulos Toutouzas Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece—First Surgical Department of Laikon Hospital: E Bastounis, L Hadjinikolaou, M Pikoulis, C Tsigris; Cardiology Department of Hippokration Hospital: P Toutouzas; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology: E Marinos. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 12, December 1994, Pages 1868–1871, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.12.1868 Published: 01 December 1994 Article history Received: 04 May 1994 Accepted: 22 September 1994 Published: 01 December 1994
THE BLOOD SUGAR DURING AND AFTER THE HYPOGLYCEMIC COMA OF INSULIN SHOCK THERAPY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE "AFTERSHOCK"
Authors: MARCEL HEIMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

1. Coma due to administered insulin does not generally occur while the blood sugar drops. 2. The blood sugar remains at about the same level after the lowest point has been reached throughout the coma. 3. Following the termination of the insulin coma, the blood sugar describes a characteristic curve with a sharp ascending and descending branch. In a majority of patients the blood sugar drops to hypoglycemic levels. 4."Aftershock" occurs a definite time, 4 to 6 hours, following the termination of the insulin coma, more frequently in female patients. 5. The "Aftershock" is due to a spontaneous hypoglycemia and occurs suddenly, probably simultaneously with the dropping of the blood sugar. 6. The spontaneous hypoglycemia is due either to a depletion of glycogen in the liver, or to a functional disturbance in the carbohydrate metabolism. This disturbance is of a temporary nature, as found in patients with faulty dietary habits. 7. The spontaneous hypoglycemia calls forth the same response as the hypoglycemia due to administered insulin, namely, a stimulation of the adrenosympathetic system. 8. The "aftershock" not infrequently has appeared to produce a marked clinical improvement. This improvement may be utilized for practical purposes. 9. The "aftershock" can be avoided by administration of carbohydrate 3 to 4 hours following the termination of the insulin coma.
Blood Pressure During Normal Daily Activities, Sleep, and Exercise
Authors: Thomas G. Pickering
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Blood pressure (BP) readings were taken every 15 minutes using a noninvasive ambulatory BP recorder during 24 hours in 25 subjects with normal BP, 25 with borderline hypertension, and 25 with established essential hypertension. Readings were analyzed for four situations: (1) physician's office, (2) work, (3) at home, and (4) asleep. Treadmill exercise tests were also performed on a separate occasion with the Bruce protocol. The 24-hour recording in all three groups showed the highest BPs at work and the lowest during sleep. The situational BP changes were generally similar, but both hypertensive groups differed from normal subjects in that they showed consistently higher BPs in the physician's office than at home, whereas normal subjects showed a similar rise of systolic pressure to that of normal subjects. Pressures recorded in the physician's office gave good predictions of the average 24-hour pressure in normal and established hypertensive subjects, but not in the borderline group; in such patients, 24-hour monitoring may be of particular value in establishing the need for treatment.
Asymptomatic Giant Arachnoid Cyst
Authors: Fabrice Hubele, Alessio Imperiale, Stéphane Kremer, Izzie Jacques Namer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 51-year-old male bricklayer without cerebral symptoms underwent whole-body FDG PET for suspicion of mediastinal sarcoidosis. PET/CT incidentally demonstrated a voluminous right frontal arachnoid cyst with normal glucose metabolism in the adjacent cortex. MRI demonstrated compression of the ipsilateral cerebral parenchyma and precentral, angulate, callosal, and superior frontal sulci. Functional bilateral finger-thumb paradigm MRI revealed right hemispheric reorganization of cortical motor activation with prominent activation between the inferior frontal gyrus and the postcentral gyrus.
Christian de Duve
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Pioneer in modern cell biology and Nobel Prize winner



In early April 2013 Christian de Duve decided that he wanted to end his life, which, in his own words, had been “extraordinarily rewarding” and full of “joy and pleasure.” He had fallen at home and was unable to stand on his own. Already impaired by several health problems, including cancer, the 95 year old Nobel laureate spent several humiliating hours prone on the floor before help arrived to lift him up. He felt the fall was a sign of worse to come.

A few weeks later, on 4 May 2013, his two sons and two daughters gathered around him at his home in Nethen, Belgium, where euthanasia is legal. The time had come. He was ready to die. Two doctors were on hand to carry out his wish.

“He bid us adieu,” one of his daughters later told the Belgian newspaper Le Soir , “and he smiled at us, and then he left us.”

In an interview published by Le Soir two days after his death, de Duve said that he felt serene, knowing that his life would soon end.1 But he …
Successful System of Drainage at Worthing
Authors: H. Collet
Journal: BMJ (1857)

d.They reflect impressions in the form of motor impulses. 3. The exact share which the spinal cord takes in the nervi-motor functions of the uterus, it is not possible, nor in- deed necessary, to determine.Whether it or the ganglia proper of the uterus exercise the preponderating influence, i. e., originate or reflect the greater share of motor impulses con- veyed to the uterus, does not concern us very much.What we are interested in knowing is the manner of action of the centres in question.
The Association Between Genital Ulcer Disease and Acquisition of HIV Infection in Homosexual Men
Authors: Walter E. Stamm
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We analyzed the association of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and syphilis, the two most common causes of genital ulceration in homosexual men, with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 200 men enrolled between 1983 and 1986 into a study evaluating the microbial causes of acute proctitis. Infection with HIV was independently associated with a history of syphilis, serologic evidence of syphilis, a history of HSV infection, and antibody to HSV-2. Antibody to HIV was not associated with a history of other genital infections or with antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis or HSV-1. Similar associations were observed in 111 asymptomatic homosexuals seen for HIV screening. Men who presented with primary HSV proctitis had a lower prevalence of HIV antibody than those with preexisting HSV-2 antibody (44% vs 68%); this suggests that HSV-2 infection antedated HIV infection. These data suggest that genital ulcerative diseases are an important risk factor for the acquisition of HIV infection in homosexual men; measures directed at control of these diseases may reduce the transmission of HIV in this population.
Controversy in Psychiatry
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Perhaps the only thing psychiatrists agree on is the existence of controversy in their field. Brady and Brodie have prepared a comprehensive survey covering 26 topics of disagreement. On each subject they invited authors, whose viewpoints were expected to differ, to expound their views. The topics covered include psychosurgery, the future of psychiatry as a medical specialty, the future of psychoanalysis, electroconvulsive therapy, behavior therapy, and community psychiatry. Many writers express their well-known opinions—Szasz opposes involuntary hospitalization while Hollender defends it "under some circumstances." Kolansky and Moore emphasize the danger of marijuana, which Grinspoon and Bakalar minimize. Money and Ambinder discuss surgery for transsexualism, while Stoller insists the indications are unclear. Bazelon, Rappeport, and Halleck each discuss the varying role of the psychiatrist in the criminal justice system. On some topics, the authors do not so much disagree as express different aspects of the issue. In many cases they write
Buy low, sell high
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1996)

George Bernard Shaw, who distrusted doctors, thought that most professions were conspiracies against the laity. He also claimed that most doctors were no more scientific than their tailors—a grossly unfair comparison because tailors generally use English, whereas doctors, rather like their brokers and financial advisers, often speak a jargon nobody else understands. Doctors also share with finance people a passion for ratios and indices—such as the albumin globulin ratio, the thyroid diagnostic index, the Dow or the Footsie. At times, moreover, neither group knows what it is doing. Thus an astonishing number of people trading …
Two Signals Are Necessary for Cell Proliferation Induced by a Cytokine Receptor gp130: Involvement of STAT3 in Anti-Apoptosis
Authors: Toshiyuki Fukada, Masahiko Hibi, Yojiro Yamanaka, Mariko Takahashi-Tezuka, Yoshio Fujitani, Takuya Yamaguchi, Koichi Nakajima, Toshio Hirano
Journal: Immunity (1996)

gp130 is a common signal transducer for the interleukin-6-related cytokines. To delineate the gp130-mediated growth signal, we established a series of pro-B cell lines expressing chimeric receptors composed of the extracellular domain of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of gp130. The second tyrosine (from the membrane) of gp130, which was required for the tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2, its association with GRB2, and activation of a MAP kinase, was essential for mitogenesis, but not for anti-apoptosis. On the other hand, the tyrosine in the YXXQ motifs essential for STAT3 activation was required for bcl-2 induction and anti-apoptosis. Furthermore, dominant-negative STAT3 inhibited anti-apoptosis. These data demonstrate that two distinct signals, mitogenesis and anti-apoptosis, are required for gp130- induced cell growth and that STAT3 is involved in anti-apoptosis.
Take-home emergency naloxone to prevent deaths from heroin overdose
Authors: J. Strang, S. M. Bird, P. Dietze, G. Gerra, A. T. McLellan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Older adults (age ≥65 years) are pursuing increasingly complex, elective surgeries; and, are at higher risk for intraoperative and postoperative complications. Patients and their caregivers frequently struggle with the postoperative recovery process at home, which may contribute to complications. We aim to identify opportunities to intervene during the preoperative period to improve postoperative outcomes by understanding the preparatory behaviours of older adults and their caregivers before a complex, elective surgery. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we will conduct this study via telephone and videoconferencing. Using a multiphase mixed-methods research design, we will collect data on 10–15 patient–caregiver dyads from a pool of older adults (across a spectrum of cognitive abilities) scheduled for an elective colorectal surgery between 1 July 2020 and 30 May 2021. We will collect quantitative and qualitative data before (T1, T2) and after (T3, T4) surgery. Preoperatively, participants will each complete a cognitive assessment and a semi-structured qualitative interview that focuses on their preparatory behaviours (T1). They will then answer questionnaires about mood, self-efficacy and home environment (T2). Three weeks following hospital discharge, participants will complete another qualitative interview focusing on a comparison of preoperative and postoperative preparedness (T3). Researchers will also collect information about the patient’s medical conditions, the postoperative complications and healthcare utilisation from the patient’s chart 30 days following discharge (T4). We will code and conduct thematic analysis of the qualitative data to identify salient themes. Quantitative data will be analysed using basic descriptive statistics to characterise the participants. We will integrate the qualitative and quantitative findings using results from the quantitative scales to group participants and with use of joint display analysis. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Michigan IRB. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.
Oxidative stress and diabetic neuropathy: a new understanding of an old problem
Authors: Eva L. Feldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in the Western world. In the United States, 17 million individuals have diabetes, greater than 6% of the population (1). The morbidity and mortality of diabetes is due to the development of both macrovascular and microvascular complications (2). Macrovascular complications including myocardial infarction, stroke, and large vessel peripheral vascular disease are 2 to 4 times more prevalent in individuals with diabetes. The underlying common factor in macrovascular complications is the ability of the diabetic condition to accelerate atherogenesis. Atherogenesis is a multifactorial response of vessels to injury; both insulin resistance and elevated lipid levels, common in diabetes, are primary triggers of atherogenic injury (3). The endothelium in diabetic arteries is also more prone to atherogenic injury, likely due to decreased production of endothelial nitric oxide, known to be antiatherogenic, and increased production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (4). While macro-vascular complications are common among diabetics, diabetes-specific microvascular complications will eventually affect nearly all individuals with diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of adult blindness in the United States. Ninety percent of diabetics present evidence of retinopathy within 15 years of disease onset and approximately 25,000 new cases of diabetes-related blindness are reported per year (5). Diabetes is also the leading cause of renal failure in the United States, accounting for 40% of new cases each year (6). Greater than half of all patients with diabetes develop neuropathy, a progressive deterioration of nerves resulting in peripheral and autonomic nerve dysfunction. As a result, diabetic neuropathy is the most common cause of nontraumatic amputations and autonomic failure (7, 8). In his or her lifetime, a diabetic patient with neuropathy has a 15% chance of undergoing one or more amputations (9).
Clinical Lecture on Diseases of the Tongue
Authors: C. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1888)

t (ENTLEMEN-,-1 propose to-day to speak of the diseases of the 1 tongue.Of couirse the toiigue is constantly looked at simply as an index of dlisease elsewhere; and, ns far as that is concerned, I do not propose to deal withi it to-day, but to conifine my observa-1 tions to the surgical (liseases of the tonguie. 1 think you will i find that the simplest way to consider these will be under three heads, namely, the inflammatory affections of the tongue, the ulcerations of the tonguie, and, lastly, deposits in the tongue.Of Course you will filnd them given differently by different aithiors, but, on the whole, I think thlat it is perhiaps as conveiiient a way of putting it as any othier.First, as regards the inflammatory affections of the tonguie.There is, of course, silch a thing ns facuite glossitis, huit it is very rare, and youi have iiot hadl ai example of it before you, that I know of, of late-at ill events, not in my practice.Still you may meet witlh suclh a case, an(d it is well to know that patients are liable to a sutdden great enlargement and inflammatory swelling of the tongue, whichi looks very, formidable for the first few houirs, and may sometimes prove dangerous to the patient's life by in- ducing suffocation.You may occasionally meet with it coming on apparently idiopathically, but more often it seems to be con- nected with the administration of mercury.A patient has been taking mercury for some reason; and, it is difflcllt to say why, he gets acute glossitis.Under these circumstances you flnd thie tongue enormously swollen, filling ul) the mouth of the patienlt and talmost suffocating, hiim, and naturally requliring to be
GPs should take a bigger role in care of long term mentally ill patients
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The mental health charity Rethink is urging GPs to take a bigger role in the care of people with long term mental illness. Its latest report says that people with severe, long term psychiatric conditions are 15 times more likely than the general population to contract HIV, twice as likely to die from respiratory diseases, and approximately three times as likely to be smokers. However, these people are often overlooked by primary and secondary services alike.

“We are talking about people who have suffered from a severe mental illness for more than 10 to 15 years and have been in contact with services for a long period of time,” said …
Accounting for infant perseveration beyond the manual search task
Authors: Sarah E. Berger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Although the dynamic field model predicts infants' perseverative behavior in the context of the A-not-B manual search task, it does not account for infant perseveration in other contexts. An alternative cognitive capacity explanation for perseveration is more parsimonious. It accounts for the graded nature of perseverative responses and perseveration in different contexts.
Role of intracellular sodium in the regulation of intracellular calcium and contractility. Effects of DPI 201-106 on excitation-contraction coupling in human ventricular myocardium.
Authors: J K Gwathmey, M T Slawsky, G M Briggs, J P Morgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Experiments were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of DPI 201-106 on human heart muscle. In both control and myopathic muscles, DPI produced concentration-dependent increases in action potential duration, resting muscle tension, peak isometric tension, and duration of isometric tension. These changes were associated with increases in resting intracellular calcium and peak calcium transients as measured by aequorin. At higher concentrations of DPI, a second delayed Ca2+ transient (L') appeared. L' was inhibited by tetrodotoxin and ryanodine, suggesting that DPI acts at both the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. DPI toxicity was manifested by after-glimmers and after-contractions reflecting a Ca2+-overload state: DPI effects were mimicked by veratridine, a Na+ channel agonist, and reversed by tetrodotoxin, yohimbine, and cadmium, Na+ channel antagonists. These results suggest that DPI acts primarily as a Na+ channel agonist. DPI may produce an increase in intracellular Ca2+ by increasing intracellular Na+ and altering Na+-Ca2+ exchange across the sarcolemma. DPI may also increase intracellular Ca2+ by directly altering sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling.
Recurrent hypoglycemia: boosting the brain’s metabolic flexibility
Authors: Marina Litvin, Amy L. Clark, Simon J. Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

For people with diabetes, recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia limit the brain's ability to sense dangerously low blood sugar levels. In this issue of the JCI, the mechanisms behind this clinical problem of hypoglycemia unawareness are addressed by Herzog et al. The authors provide compelling evidence that recurrent hypoglycemia enhances transport of lactate into the brain and, although not itself a major alternative fuel source, lactate may preserve neuronal function during hypoglycemia by maintaining neuronal glucose metabolism. These findings redefine our understanding of the brain's metabolic adaptations that result from recurrent hypoglycemia.
Escalated Therapy for Refractory Urothelial Tumors: Methotrexate- Vinblastine-Doxorubicin- Cisplatin Plus Unglycosylated Recombinant Human Granulocyte-macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: C. J. Logothetis, F. H. Dexeus, A. Sella, R. J. Amato, R. G. Kilbourn, L. Finn, J. U. Gutterman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Thirty-two assessable patients with metastatic urothelial tumors refractory to standard chemotherapy with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) were treated with escalated doses of MVAC plus unglycosylated recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF). Results of this phase I trial revealed that escalated MVAC (30 mg of methotrexate/m 2 ,4 mg of vinblastine/m 2 , 60 mg of doxorubicin/m 2 , and 100 mg of cisplatin/m 2 ) can be tolerated by heavily pretreated patients. The side effects of rhGM-CSF are dose- and schedule-dependent. The maximum tolerated dose is 250 μg/m 2 per day as a single dose administered subcutaneously (SC) for 10 consecutive days. This dose is well tolerated in outpatients, resulting in only modest fever and few side effects. The same dose delivered as a continuous infusion or a higher dose delivered either as a continuous infusion or SC caused significant side effects. For phase II trials, the starting dose of rhGM-CSF when combined with escalated MVAC is 120 μg/m 2 per day SC for 10 consecutive days. Forty percent of the treated patients responded, seven (23%) with complete remission and five (17%) with partial remission. This response rate is higher than anticipated from such a modest dosage escalation in chemotherapy-refractory patients. ]J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 667–672,1990[