tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ENDOTHELIAL-LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULES IN HUMAN DISEASE
Authors: Michael P. Bevilacqua, M.D., Ph.D, Richard M. Nelson, Ph.D, Gianna Mannori, M.D., Ph.D, Oliviero Cecconi, M.D
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1994)

▪ Abstract An effective host response to infection or tissue damage requires focal accumulation of leukocytes. Leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall, a key step in this process, depends on the ordered expression of specific endothelial cell surface molecules. The endothelial molecules that support adhesion include selectins that recognize leukocyte cell surface glycoconjugates as well as members of the immunoglobulin superfamily that interact with leukocyte integrins. Although inflammation can occur with minimal damage to the vessel wall and surrounding tissues, control mechanisms sometimes appear to fail, and the inflammatory response itself becomes a significant clinical problem. In this review, we discuss endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules with particular emphasis on their expression and function in human disease. Pathophysiological processes presented include atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute lung injury, rheumatoid arthritis, and graft rejection. A more detailed description of the discovery and characterization of the key molecules appears in the antecedent article entitled “Endothelial-Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules” ( 1 ).
Industry funding of patients' support groups: Declaration of competing interests is rare in Italian breast cancer associations
Authors: P. Mosconi
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Herxheimer reported and commented on relationships between pharmaceutical companies and consumers' and patients' associations.1 This is a “hot” topic: the debate on transparency of fund raising for voluntary health associations is far from being resolved, and consumers' umbrella associations have an increasingly important role in discussing health at a European …
Cesarean Section Rates
Authors: Charles A. Peach
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I noted with interest the exchange of letters between Drs Overhulse and Stafford<sup>1</sup>regarding cesarean section rates. I was especially intrigued by Dr Stafford's contention that an increased risk of death exists for planned cesarean sections compared with vaginal deliveries. Because I did not recall any specific study of this subject, I immediately reviewed the article<sup>2</sup>cited by Dr Stafford. As I suspected, that author did not specifically address the subject of planned cesarean sections, but reviewed the maternal mortality and morbidity of cesarean section in general, without subclassification. Dr Stafford's citation of this article in support of his contention that planned cesarean sections have a higher mortality rate than vaginal delivery is, therefore, inappropriate. In similar fashion, Dr Stafford contends that "postcesarean section infection occurs in approximately 15% of cesarean deliveries even with antibiotic prophylaxis." Again, the article<sup>3</sup>cited does not refer
Autoimmunity, hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphoproliferation, and mycobacterial disease in patients with activating mutations in STAT3
Authors: Emma M. Haapaniemi, Meri Kaustio, Hanna L. M. Rajala, Arjan J. van Adrichem, Leena Kainulainen, Virpi Glumoff, Rainer Doffinger, Heikki Kuusanmäki, Tarja Heiskanen-Kosma, Luca Trotta, Samuel Chiang, Petri Kulmala, Samuli Eldfors, Riku Katainen, Sanna Siitonen, Marja-Liisa Karjalainen-Lindsberg, Panu E. Kovanen, Timo Otonkoski, Kimmo Porkka, Kaarina Heiskanen, Arno Hänninen, Yenan T. Bryceson, Raija Uusitalo-Seppälä, Janna Saarela, Mikko Seppänen, Satu Mustjoki, Juha Kere
Journal: Blood (2014)
Carcinogenicity of lipid-lowering drugs
Authors: M. Pahor
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —In their article, Drs Newman and Hulley 1 reviewed available data about potential carcinogenicity of lipid-lowering drugs and concluded that most cholesterol-lowering drugs cause or promote cancer in rodents and [u]se of cholesterol-lowering drugs should be restricted to those at high risk of short-term CHD death. The authors addressed the issue only partially and failed to report the alternative view that statins may instead protect against cancer. There is emerging evidence that the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin can induce apoptosis in vitro in various cell lines, including tumor cells. 2,3 Such an effect was dose dependent and was observed at low doses (100 nmol/L). The suspected carcinogenic effects are likely to occur at much higher concentrations. Apoptosis or genetically programmed cell death is an efficient mechanism for eliminating cancer cells and, therefore, for aborting cancer growth. 4 Anticancer drugs act mainly by inducing apoptosis, and HMG-CoA reductase
How to Examine the Oro-nasolaryngo-pharynx for Cancer
Authors: John Conley
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The key to the successful management of any lesion in the area of the head and neck is diagnosis. One of the greatest problems in accomplishing an accurate diagnosis is a cursory, superficial, or incomplete examination. The clinician possesses all of the facilities to inspect, palpate, and smell the various regions in the head and neck in order to create a diagnostic impression. This impression should be substantiated by microscopic documentation before proceeding with a therapeutic program.<sup>26,27</sup> The experience of inspection includes placing the patient in a sitting position which usually affords the best access for examination. Illumination of the deep recesses is accomplished either by the use of a head light or head mirror. The various regions of the scalp, ear, face, skin, oral cavity, neck,<sup>28-30</sup>salivary glands, and thyroid, can be immediately inspected. The regions of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral and hypopharynx, larynx, and ear
Endoscopic Induction of Mucosal Fibrosis by Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) for Esophageal Varices: A Prospective Randomized Trial of Ligation plus APC vs. Ligation Alone
Authors: S. Nakamura, A. Mitsunaga, Y. Murata, S. Suzuki, N. Hayashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Esophageal varices are treated by endoscopic ligation with or without sclerotherapy. Here we used argon plasma coagulation (APC) to promote mucosal fibrosis and compared the efficacy of ligation plus APC with ligation alone in the treatment of esophageal varices.
Impact of the Revision of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia Task Force Criteria on Its Prevalence by CMR Criteria
Authors: Emmanuelle Vermes, Oliver Strohm, Akli Otmani, Helene Childs, Hank Duff, Matthias G. Friedrich
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Effect of troglitazone on body fat distribution in type 2 diabetic patients.
Authors: Y Mori, Y Murakawa, K Okada, H Horikoshi, J Yokoyama, N Tajima, Y Ikeda
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Troglitazone was recently reported to specifically promote the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes in vitro in subcutaneous fat only, indicating a relation to insulin-resistance-improving action of troglitazone. To expand on this finding, we investigated at the clinical level how long-term administration of troglitazone influences the body fat distribution in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Troglitazone (400 mg/day) was administered for 6 months to 30 type 2 diabetic patients whose glycemic control was poor. A total of 18 patients received diet therapy alone (in the single-treatment group, BMI 26.0 +/- 4.6, HbA1c 8.2 +/- 1.7%), and 12 patients concomitantly received glibenclamide (1.25-7.5 mg/day) (in the concomitant sulfonylurea group, BMI 25.4 +/- 4.7, HbA1c 9.2 +/- 1.2%). BMI, HbA1c, serum lipid level, and body fat distribution, which were determined by computed tomography (CT) scan at the umbilical level, were measured and compared before and after troglitazone treatment. RESULTS: During the 6-month troglitazone treatment, HbA1c levels decreased and BMI increased in both groups. As for body fat distribution in the single-treatment group, visceral fat area (VFA) decreased (from 118.3 +/- 54.3 to 101.1 +/- 50.8 cm2; P &amp;lt; 0.001), and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) increased (from 189.7 +/- 93.3 to 221.6 +/- 101.6 cm2; P &amp;lt; 0.001), resulting in a decrease in visceral/subcutaneous (V/S) ratio (from 0.74 +/- 0.48 to 0.50 +/- 0.32; P &amp;lt; 0.001). In the concomitant sulfonylurea group, VFA was unchanged (from 108.1 +/- 53.5 to 112.5 +/- 59.9 cm2), while SFA increased (from 144.6 +/- 122.0 to 180.5 +/- 143.5 cm2; P &amp;lt; 0.01), thereby decreasing the V/S ratio (from 0.91 +/- 0.46 to 0.77 +/- 0.44; P &amp;lt; 0.01). The serum triglyceride level and the area under glucose curve during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test decreased significantly in the single-treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: According to our data, troglitazone appears to promote fat accumulation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue rather than in the visceral adipose tissue in mildly obese Japanese people with type 2 diabetes. This shift of energy accumulation from the visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue may greatly contribute to the troglitazone-mediated amelioration of insulin resistance.
Distribution and expression of type VI collagen in photoaged skin
Authors: R.E.B. Watson, S.G. Ball, N.M. Craven, J. Boorsma, C.L. East, C.A. Shuttleworth, C.M. Kielty, C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Several of the characteristic clinical features of photoaged skin, including wrinkling, are thought to be dependent on changes in the dermal matrix brought about by chronic sun exposure. Such changes include reductions in collagens I, III and VII, an increase in elastotic material in the reticular dermis and a marked reduction in the microfibrillar glycoprotein fibrillin. Objectives To examine whether type VI collagen, a microfibrillar collagen necessary for cell–cell and cell–matrix communication, is affected by the photoageing process. Methods Six healthy volunteers with moderate to severe photoageing were enrolled into the study. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry were used to examine the levels of type VI collagen in photoprotected and photoaged sites. Results In photoprotected skin, type VI collagen was concentrated in the papillary dermis immediately below the dermal–epidermal junction, around blood vessels, hair follicles and glandular structures. The distribution of type VI collagen was unchanged in photoaged skin, although we observed an increase in the abundance of the α3 chain of collagen VI in the upper papillary dermis, at its junction with the dermal–epidermal junction (P < 0·05). No alterations were observed for any α chain at the mRNA level. Conclusions These studies suggest that chronic sun exposure (photoageing) has little or no effect on either the distribution, abundance or levels of expression of type VI collagen in human skin. Thus, type VI collagen, unlike other matrix components so far studied, appears to be relatively unaffected by the photoageing process.
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND RIGHT-TO-LEFT INTRACARDIAC SHUNTS ARE MORE PREVALENT IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CRYPTOGENIC STROKE
Authors: Tam Huu Truong, Rubine Gevorgyan, Nancy Greep, Chi-hong Tseng, David Liebeskind, Bart Demaerschalk, David Dodick, David Thaler, Jonathan Tobis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Freon and Hypertension
Authors: William E. Morton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In Questions and Answers in the January 22/29, 1992, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, a New Jersey physician asked whether a single Freon exposure at work could have caused subsequently observed hypertension.<sup>1</sup>The responders, reasonably, were doubtful of a causative relationship, but did not refer to a published description of an extensive experience with blood pressure surveillance as a nonspecific indicator of workplace intolerance to chemicals, in use from the late 1930s until the early 1950s. Periodic blood pressure surveillance to detect chemical toxic effects was established in 1937 by DuPont in its explosives factories.<sup>2,3</sup>Several other explosives manufacturers, including Hercules and American Cyanamid, also used the system for a time. Blood pressure surveillance was applied to workers exposed to lead, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, a number of solvents, sulfides, aromatic and aliphatic nitro compounds, and chlorinated hydrocarbons (Freon was not mentioned by name).<sup>2</sup>
CELL STATE AS AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO A VIRUS
Authors: William F. Friedewald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

Rabbit skin can be rendered abnormally susceptible to papilloma virus infection by preliminary treatments with a variety of agents. The most effective agents thus far found are 0.3 per cent methylcholanthrene in benzene and a mixture in equal parts of turpentine and acetone, applied four or five times at 2 day intervals. When virus is inoculated into skin altered by these agents, either intradermally or by inunction after scarification, papillomas appear earlier and in greater number than on normal skin, and much higher dilutions give rise to growths. The method provides a means of detecting amounts of virus which cause no papillomas upon inoculation into normal skin. Papilloma virus material which is rubbed into scarified normal or hyperplastic skin is largely lost in the scabbing which ensues, and nearly all of it fails to reach susceptible cells. The preparatory agents which increase the effectiveness of the virus bring about marked epidermal hyperplasia, and the hyperplastic tissue regenerates with greater rapidity when scarified. The agents evidently act in large part by providing young epidermal cells in quantity to the virus, as also by inducing a richer vascularization than ordinary in support of the papillomatous proliferation. It is possible that they also act by providing especially susceptible cells. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Electrophysiologic Studies for Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Michael M. Garrett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 July 1991Electrophysiologic Studies for Cardiac ArrestMichael M. Garrett, MDMichael M. Garrett, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-1-67_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:Many general internists like myself (and many lawyers too, I fear) believe that review articles inAnnalsdocument the current standards of care. However, I am concerned about the following unqualified recommendation in your recent review on sudden cardiac death (1): "After their underlying heart disease has been defined, patients should have a complete electrophysiologic evaluation, including programmed cardiac stimulation." The clear implication is that such evaluation has proved beneficial in terms of reducing mortality and now represents the standard of care in 1991. In fact, the studies cited do not appear to prove this. What they...References1. Garan H. Contemporary evaluation of high-risk patients, pp. 502-504. In: Akhtar M. Sudden cardiac death: management of high-risk patients. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:499-512. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Echt D, Liebson P, and Mitchell L. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:781-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael M. Garrett, MDAffiliations: Carl T. Hayden Phoenix Veterans Affairs Medical Center Phoenix, AZ 85012 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1991Volume 115, Issue 1 Page: 67-68 Keywords Cardiac electrophysiology Cardiovascular therapy Electrophysiological techniques Fear Heart Heart diseases Mortality Sudden cardiac death ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Overcoming the fear of lethal injury: Evaluating suicidal behavior in the military through the lens of the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide
Authors: Edward A. Selby, Michael D. Anestis, Theodore W. Bender, Jessica D. Ribeiro, Matthew K. Nock, M. David Rudd, Craig J. Bryan, Ingrid C. Lim, Monty T. Baker, Peter M. Gutierrez, Thomas E. Joiner
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2009)
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy for Screening
Authors: KEITH D. WRENN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1988Flexible Sigmoidoscopy for ScreeningKEITH D. WRENN, M.D.KEITH D. WRENN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-494_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The position paper (1) on the use of flexible sigmoidoscopy for screening is certainly welcome. I disagree, however, with the inclusion of ability to use forceps biopsy as a technical skill in Table 4. In screening for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic patients, forceps biopsy probably does not have to be done. If a polyp is found, it should be completely removed regardless of its size or the pathologic findings. It is well known that these biopsies are superficial and that malignant foci within a polyp may be missed (2, 3). In addition, there is at least a...References1. . Clinical competence in the use of flexible sigmoidoscopy for screening purposes. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:589-91. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BOLAND C and KIM Y. Colonic polyps and the gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes. In: SLEISENGER MH, FORDTRAN JS, eds. Gastrointenstinal disease: Pathophysiology Diagnosis Managment. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, Co.; 1983:1196-219. Google Scholar3. SCHROCK T. Fiberoptic Colonscopy. In: SLEISENGER MH, FORDTRAN JS, eds. Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathophysiology Diagnosis Management. 3rd ed. Philadephia: W.B. Saunders, Co.; 1983:1617-24. Google Scholar4. SPIRO H. Clinical Gastroenterology. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. 1983:968-1022. Google Scholar5. ESTRADA R and SPJUT H. Hyperplastic polyps of the large bowl. Am J Surg Pathol. 1980;4:127-33. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KEITH D. WRENN, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBiopsy of Colonic PolypsRobert G. Norfleet, MD, Michael E. Ryan, MD 1 March 1988Volume 108, Issue 3Page: 494-495KeywordsBiopsyCancer screeningColorectal cancerFlexible sigmoidoscopy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mutation E169K in Junctophilin-2 Causes Atrial Fibrillation Due to Impaired RyR2 Stabilization
Authors: David L. Beavers, Wei Wang, Sameer Ather, Niels Voigt, Alejandro Garbino, Sayali S. Dixit, Andrew P. Landstrom, Na Li, Qiongling Wang, Iacopo Olivotto, Dobromir Dobrev, Michael J. Ackerman, Xander H.T. Wehrens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effect of bcr-abl oligodeoxynucleotides on the clonogenic growth of chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells
Authors: P de Fabritiis, T Skorski, MS De Propris, MG Paggi, M Nieborowska-Skorska, A Lisci, S Buffolino, K Campbell, T Geiser, B Calabretta
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Early discharge in the thrombolytic era: An analysis of criteria for uncomplicated infarction from the global utilization of streptokinase and t-PA for occluded coronary arteries (GUSTO) trial
Authors: L. Kristin Newby, Robert M. Califf, Alan Guerci, W.Douglas Weaver, Jacques Col, John H. Horgan, Daniel B. Mark, Amanda Stebbins, Frans Van de Werf, Joel M. Gore, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated major (A) allele of rs2104286 is a loss of expression variant of IL2RA
Authors: J. Clark, A. Hinks, S. Eyre, W. Thomson, A. Cope
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> The <i>IL2RA</i>/CD25 locus on chromosome 10p15 is emerging as a strong candidate susceptibility gene for the development of a range of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, vitiligo, lupus, multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes. Variants that modify the function of the IL-2/IL-2R pathway are biologically highly plausible susceptibility variants, given recent data suggesting that IL-2 is a key cytokine involved in promoting peripheral tolerance through the generation and maintenance of regulatory T cell subsets, and suppressing expression of IL-17. While a number of allelic variants of <i>IL2RA</i> have been identified in fine mapping studies, the functional consequences of carrying a disease associated <i>IL2RA</i> variant are far from clear. In this study we evaluated the expression of IL-2Rα mRNA and protein in T cells from donors carrying the major and/or minor allele of the intron 1 rs2104286 single nucleotide polymorphism, since the major (A) allele has been shown to be associated with risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Fifty healthy donors were genotyped for expression of the protective (G) or risk (A) alleles of rs2104286. Expression of IL-2Rα mRNA in peripheral blood T cells was determined by RT-PCR and protein by flow cytometry, before or 4–24 h after stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads. <h3>Results</h3> We detected no differences in expression of IL-2Rα protein on resting peripheral blood T cells between GG, GA or AA donors. In contrast, activation induced expression of IL-2Rα was reduced in T cells from AA and AG donors, as compared to GG donors, 24 h after TCR stimulation. This was associated with a decrease in the percentage of CD25<sup>hi</sup> but not CD25<sup>int</sup> T cells derived from AA donors. A comparison of levels of mRNA expression in T cells from AA and GG donors after TCR stimulation revealed that donors carrying two copies of the protective G allele express higher levels of IL-2Rα mRNA than donors homozygote for the A risk allele. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our experiments indicate that susceptibility to JIA and RA, through carriage of the major A allele is associated with reduced expression of IL-2Rα mRNA and protein. This, RA and JIA associated <i>IL2RA</i> mutants are loss of expression variants.
ABO Blood Groups and Acute Hepatitis
Authors: A. J. Zuckerman, J. C. McDonald
Journal: BMJ (1963)

TRAUMATIC NASAL NEURALGIA BRDINALU 5 the winter.Since the treatment described is simple and apparently effective, to advocate its use would appear realistic in spite of our lack of knowledge regarding the aetiology of the condition. SummaryNeuralgic pain commonly follows fracture of the nasal bones.It may begin at the time of injury or its onset may be delayed for three months or longer.It is due to incomplete injury of the lateral nasal nerve.Twelve cases of nasal neuralgia were treated by infiltration of the lateral nasal nerve with 2% lignocaine.Relief of pain was achieved in all 12 cases, and was maintained at follow-up from 3 to 12 months later.I wish to thank the consultant E.N.T. staff of the Royal Victoria
Hillsborough survivor emerges from permanent vegetative state
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A survivor of the 1989 Hillsborough football ground disaster made banner headlines in Britain last week, when it was revealed that he had emerged from what was diagnosed as a permanent vegetative state.

The case of Andrew Devine, who can give yes and no responses with a touch sensitive pad, was said to be unique by Dr Keith Andrews, director of medical and research services at the Royal Hospital for Neurodisability, Putney.

Dr Andrews, who …