tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 710: Pioglitazone Treatment Reduces Epicardial Fat in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Improves Left Ventricular Diastolic Function
Authors: Hiroyuki Nagai, Hiroshi Ito, Katsuomi Iwakura, Atsunori Okamura, Yasushi Koyama, Motoo Date, Yoshiharu Higuchi, Koichi Inoue, Ryusuke Kimura, Yuko Toyoshima, Michio Imai, Makito Ozawa, Norihisa Ito, Yukinori Okazaki, Masahiko Shibuya, Hidetaka Suenaga, Asuka Kubota, Kenshi Fujii
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Visceral obesity is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and for diastolic dysfunction. Epicardial fat pad (EFP) is visceral adipose tissue, contains pro-inflammatory substances, and directly attached to epicardial coronary artery. It sometimes infiltrates into cardiac muscle, that may impair diastolic performance. Pioglitazone can reduce the abdominal visceral fat, that is associated with improvement of insulin sensitivity. In this study, we investigated whether pioglitazone can reduce EFP and can improve diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Study population consisted of 97 DM patients. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination before and a mean of 9.1 months after pioglitazone. We measured end-systolic thickness of echo free space in front of the free wall of right ventricle to measure EFP. To assess LV diastolic performance, we measured early peak mitral annulus velocity (e′, cm/s) with tissue Doppler. HbA1c decreased (8.1 vs. 7.0%, p=0.0009), trigliceride decreased (179 vs. 135 mg/dl, p=0.0009), and HDL-cholesterol increased (49 vs. 52 mg/dl, p=0.003). Although there was no difference in body weight, EFP thickness significantly decreased (6.3 vs. 5.0mm, p&lt;0.0001) after pioglitazone. Patients were divided into two groups based on EFP thickness at baseline (median value = 6 mm). The percent reduction in EFP is greater in thicker EFP group (≥ 6.0 mm)than in thinner EFP group (&lt;6.0mm) (24 vs. 12 %). Although e′ velocity was comparable before and after pioglitazone in the thinner EFP group, it significantly increased in the thicker EFP group (5.7 vs. 6.7 cm/s, p=0.003). Pioglitazone treatment reduces EFP associated with an improvement in glucose control and in lipid profile among patients with DM. In patients with thicker EFP, the reduction of EFP was greater, that is associated with the better improvement in LV diastolic performance.
P5-19-04: Results of a Randomized Phase II Study Demonstrate Benefit of Platinum-Based Regimen in the First-Line Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).
Authors: Y Fan, BH Xu, P Yuan, JY Wang, F Ma, XY Ding, P Zhang, Q Li, RG Cai
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: It is supposed that triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) may be more sensitive to DNA damage agents such as platinum. This study was designed to compare platinum-based regimen (docetaxel plus cisplatin) with non-platinum-based regimen (docetaxel plus capecitabine) in the first-line treatment of advanced triple negative breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods: This was a single-institution, randomized phase II clinical trial. Eligible TNBC women with first relapse or metastasis who had measurable disease were randomized (1:1) to receive either TP regimen (docetaxel 75mg/m2 plus cisplatin 75mg/m2 intravenous infusion day 1) or TX regimen (docetaxel 75mg/m2 intravenous infusion day 1 plus capecitabine 1000mg/m2 bid, two weeks on, one week off) every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or patient consent withdrawal. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints included progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety profile. To detect a difference of 0.35 in response rate between groups with a power of 80% and 2-sided significance level at 0.05, there should be at least 26 patients in each group. As of Jun 1st, 2011, 53 patients had been randomized and evaluated. Results: After a median follow-up of 24 months, the results showed much higher response rate in TP group than TX group although the clinical benefit rate was not significantly different. PFS was more than doubled in TP group compared with TX group. Overall survival was also statistically improved. G3/4 vomiting was merely observed in 3 patients from TP group. On the contrary, only patients in TX group (5/26) reported G2/3 Hand-Foot Syndrome. No differences were found in hematological and other non-hematological toxicities. Conclusions: Although it is a small sample size phase II study, it strongly suggested that cisplatin-contained TP regimen improved patient outcome, as measured by ORR, CBR, PFS and OS, compared with non-cisplatin-based TX regimen in the first-line treatment of advanced TNBC patients. This is the first prospective study to show superiority of cisplatin over capecitabine in TNBC. Together with additional ongoing clinical trials comparing platinum with other chemotherapeutic agents in various settings, the role of platinum in TNBC can be further elucidated. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-19-04.
Pancreatic peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Flávio Amaro, Rogério Colaiácovo, Augusto Carbonari, Mauro Saieg, Ana Baraldi, Lúcio Rossini
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

An 8-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain and jaundice of 1 month's duration. She had conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and negative hepatitis serology. Computed tomography showed a mass in the head of the pancreas, with foci of calcification and cystic/necrotic areas ([Fig. 1]). Pancreatoblastoma and Frantz tumor were suspected. The patient underwent a cholecystojejunal anastomosis, and intraoperative biopsy of the pancreatic mass yielded inconclusive results. She was referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to re-evaluate the pancreatic mass.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Conditions Human Dendritic Cells to Prime Inflammatory TH2 Cells via an IL-12- and OX40L-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Emmanuelle Godefroy, Olivier Manches, Brigitte Dréno, Tsivia Hochman, Linda Rolnitzky, Nathalie Labarrière, Yannick Guilloux, Judith Goldberg, Francine Jotereau, Nina Bhardwaj
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Case 51-1962
Authors: Lamar Soutter, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseA forty-nine-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of epistaxis.A year and a half previously a chronic brownish nasal discharge, with nasal congestion and obstruction, developed. Intermittent, spontaneous, often profuse and prolonged epistaxis began nine months before entry; it was associated with pain in the bridge of the nose and right upper nasomaxillary region, and the bleeding was usually more severe on the right side. The symptoms were progressive in severity and frequency and were not benefited by local therapy or by systemic antibiotic therapy. No loss of weight, melena, cough, hemoptysis or hematemesis occurred. . . .
Transgenic dissection of HIV genes involved in lymphoid depletion.
Authors: B T Tinkle, H Ueda, L Ngo, P A Luciw, K Shaw, C A Rosen, G Jay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Transgenic mice carrying an HIV provirus, with selective deletion of all three structural genes, developed extensive lymphoid depletion which was detected not only in the spleen and lymph nodes but also in the thymus. Mice with a high level of HIV gene expression developed acute disease which resulted in premature death, and mice with a low level of viral transcripts developed chronic disease with long-term survival. Neither HIV replication nor the envelope glycoprotein (gp120) was required for T cell depletion. Despite abundant viral gene expression early in life, cell death did not become evident until about the time of full lymphoid maturation, suggesting that thymopoiesis was not affected. The more mature T cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs and in the thymic medulla were less sensitive to the apoptotic process than the immature T cells in the thymic cortex. Gradual depletion of the T cell compartment in the peripheral lymphoid organs was intimately accompanied by the reciprocal expansion of the B cell compartment, resulting in the almost complete replacement of T lymphocytes with B immunoblasts in lymph nodes. Unlike T cells, which showed abundant HIV gene expression, B cells did not. The transgenic approach may help identify the HIV nonstructural gene(s) responsible for immune deficiency and help facilitate dissection of its role in inducing apoptosis.
Socioeconomic Factors Affecting the Utilization of Surgical Operations
Authors: Clairé Bombardier, Victor R. Fuchs, Lee A. Lillard, Kenneth E. Warner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Between 1963 and 1970 public programs were introduced to reduce inequalities in access to medical care. We examined differentials in surgical utilization among socioeconomic groups in 1970 as well as changes between 1963 and 1970. Multivariate analysis of National Health Interview Survey data indicated that large increases in surgical utilization occurred among disadvantaged groups: the aged, lower educated and nonwhites in urban areas. Some differential by race and residence remains, but is strongly related to income. Income had a large positive effect on surgical utilization, but this effect was less strong in 1970 than in 1963. Education had a negative effect on surgical utilization. Eleven surgical procedures were selected and scaled on indexes of "complexity," "urgency" and "necessity." These indexes do not vary among demographic groups that have significant differences in surgical utilization. However, lower-income groups utilized to a lesser extent procedures rated lowest on the necessity scale.
Impaired fibrinolysis as a risk factor for Budd-Chiari syndrome
Authors: Jildou Hoekstra, Ana H. C. Guimarães, Frank W. G. Leebeek, Sarwa Darwish Murad, Joyce J. M. C. Malfliet, Aurelie Plessier, Manuel Hernandez-Guerra, Philippe Langlet, Elwyn Elias, Jonel Trebicka, Massimo Primignani, Juan-Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Dominique C. Valla, Dingeman C. Rijken, Harry L. A. Janssen
Journal: Blood (2009)
Pubertal Suppression and Professional Obligations: May a Pediatric Endocrinologist Refuse to Treat an Adolescent With Gender Dysphoria?
Authors: Armand H. Matheny Antommaria
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Of the different features of this case, I focus on the pediatric endocrinologist's refusal to treat the patient. Providers generally have wide latitude in accepting or refusing patients. Appropriat...
STRAIN-SPECIFIC ELEMENTS IN INFLUENZA ANTIGENS
Authors: George K. Hirst
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Rabbit antisera were prepared against ten antigenically different influenza A strains. These sera were absorbed with one or more heterologous strains and in each case all the heterologous or crossing antibody was removed; the anti-bodies remaining after this treatment were specific for the immunizing strain or group of strains. On the basis of reactions with absorbed sera, the strains fell into seven groups. Absorbed specific antisera of these groups were used to test the HI titer against a large number of influenza A viruses. Most of the strains were inhibited by a single serum, a few were inhibited by none of the sera, and only one strain was inhibited by two antisera. The grouping of strains by this method was less equivocal than classifications based on previous tests. When more fully developed, this technique promises to be of interest and assistance in the study of influenza, especially from the epidemiological and prophylactic standpoints.
Alternative Medicine?: A History
Authors: Wayne B. Jonas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 October 2008Alternative Medicine?: A HistoryWayne B. Jonas, MDWayne B. Jonas, MDFrom Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-7-200810070-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bivins R. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 2008. $35.00. ISBN 0199218875. Order at www.oup.com/us.Field of medicine: History of medicine and complementary and alternative medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Individuals interested in the history of medicine and the social dynamics between mainstream and alternative medicine.Purpose: To describe the history of alternative medicine over the past 300 years.Content: The book is packed with historical detail and astute analysis using examples from mesmerism, homeopathy, acupuncture, and traditional Indian medicine. It describes how these systems related to conventional “biomedicine” in the era before and after biomedicine became the dominant system and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Wayne B. Jonas, MDAffiliations: From Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 October 2008Volume 149, Issue 7Page: 520KeywordsAcupunctureComplementary and alternative medicineHealth careHistory of medicineHomeopathySoftware toolsTraditional medicine ePublished: 7 October 2008 Issue Published: 7 October 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lack of Effect on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Function by Once-daily Fluticasone Furoate∗ Nasal Spray (FFNS) 110 mcg in Children with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR) ∗USAN approved name
Authors: I. Tripathy, R. Sterling, D. Clements, W. Wu, M. Faris, E. Philpot
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Diseases of Muscle: A Study in Pathology
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The first edition of<i>Diseases of Muscle</i>, written to fill an unmet need for a comprehensive account of myopathic disease, soon became a widely accepted standard reference work. Only one of the original three authors undertook the ambitious task of revising and updating this text, based on his continued interest and a review of existing literature. Despite the title, this book encompasses much more than muscle pathology. The initial section provides a concise, readable, well-illustrated review of skeletal muscle embryology, microscopic and ultrastructural anatomy, and histochemical methods used to delineate various fiber types. The next chapter lucidly describes motor end plates and blood vessels. The unit on muscle spindles could have been enriched by electron micrographs to show the detailed, intricate structure of these all-too-long neglected, complicated, and important neuromuscular regulators. Although brief, the section on contractile protein, energy mechanisms, neuromuscular control, and contraction eloquently summarizes the fascinating concepts of
Characterization of small nodules in cirrhosis by assessment of vascularity: The problem of hypovascular hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Luigi Bolondi, Stefano Gaiani, Natascia Celli, Rita Golfieri, Walter Francesco Grigioni, Simona Leoni, Anna Maria Venturi, Fabio Piscaglia
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract In a prospective study, we examined the impact of arterial hypervascularity, as established by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) recommendations, as a criterion for characterizing small (1-3 cm) nodules in cirrhosis. A total of 72 nodules (1-2 cm, n = 41; 2.1-3 cm, n = 31) detected by ultrasonography in 59 patients with cirrhosis were included in the study. When coincidental arterial hypervascularity was detected at contrast perfusional ultrasonography and helical computed tomography, the lesion was considered to be hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to EASL criteria. When one or both techniques showed negative results, ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed. In cases with negative results for malignancy or high-grade dysplasia, biopsy was repeated when an increase in size was detected at the 3-month follow-up examination. Coincidental hypervascularity was found in 44 of 72 nodules (61%; 44% of 1-2-cm nodules and 84% of 2-3-cm nodules). Fourteen nodules (19.4%) had negative results with both techniques (hypovascular nodules). Biopsy showed HCC in 5 hypovascular nodules and in 11 of 14 nodules with hypervascularity using only one technique. All nodules larger than 2 cm finally resulted to be HCC. Not satisfying the EASL imaging criteria for diagnosis were 38% of HCCs 1 to 2 cm (17% hypovascular) and 16% of those 2 to 3 cm (none hypovascular). In conclusion , the noninvasive EASL criteria for diagnosis of HCC are satisfied in only 61% of small nodules in cirrhosis; thus, biopsy frequently is required in this setting. Relying on imaging techniques in nodules of 1 to 2 cm would miss the diagnosis of HCC in up to 38% of cases. Any nodule larger than 2 cm should be regarded as highly suspicious for HCC. (Hepatology 2005.)
For universals (but not finite-state learning) visit the zoo
Authors: Geoffrey K. Pullum, Barbara C. Scholz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Evans &amp; Levinson's (E&amp;L's) major point is that human languages are intriguingly diverse rather than (like animal communication systems) uniform within the species. This does not establish a “myth” about language universals, or advance the ill-framed pseudo-debate over universal grammar. The target article does, however, repeat a troublesome myth about Fitch and Hauser's (2004) work on pattern learning in cotton-top tamarins.
HHV-6A in Syncytial Giant-Cell Hepatitis
Authors: Leonardo Potenza, Mario Luppi, Patrizia Barozzi, Giulio Rossi, Stefania Cocchi, Mauro Codeluppi, Monica Pecorari, Michele Masetti, Fabrizio Di Benedetto, William Gennari, Marinella Portolani, Giorgio Enrico Gerunda, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Maria Paola Landini, Thomas F. Schulz, Giuseppe Torelli, Giovanni Guaraldi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis is a rare but severe form of hepatitis that is associated with autoimmune diseases, drug reactions, and viral infections. We used serologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical methods to search for an infectious cause in a case of syncytial giant-cell hepatitis that developed in a liver-transplant recipient who had latent infection with variant B of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6B) and who had received the organ from a donor with variant A latent infection (HHV-6A). At the onset of the disease, the detection of HHV-6A (but not HHV-6B) DNA in plasma, in affected liver tissue, and in single micromanipulated syncytial giant cells with the use of two different polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assays indicated the presence of active HHV-6A infection in the patient. Expression of the HHV-6A-specific early protein, p41/38, but not of the HHV-6B-specific late protein, p101, was demonstrated only in liver syncytial giant cells in the absence of other infectious pathogens. The same markers of HHV-6A active infection were documented in serial follow-up samples from the patient and disappeared only at the resolution of syncytial giant-cell hepatitis. Neither HHV-6B DNA nor late protein was identified in the same follow-up samples from the patient. Thus, HHV-6A may be a cause of syncytial giant-cell hepatitis.
Indian hedgehog (Ihh) both promotes and restricts thymocyte differentiation
Authors: Susan V. Outram, Ariadne L. Hager-Theodorides, Divya K. Shah, Nicola J. Rowbotham, Ekati Drakopoulou, Susan E. Ross, Beate Lanske, Johannes T. Dessens, Tessa Crompton
Journal: Blood (2008)
Relationship of erythropoietin, fetal hemoglobin, and hydroxyurea treatment to tricuspid regurgitation velocity in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Victor R. Gordeuk, Andrew Campbell, Sohail Rana, Mehdi Nouraie, Xiaomei Niu, Caterina P. Minniti, Craig Sable, Deepika Darbari, Niti Dham, Onyinye Onyekwere, Tatiana Ammosova, Sergei Nekhai, Gregory J. Kato, Mark T. Gladwin, Oswaldo L. Castro
Journal: Blood (2009)
Enzyme-mediated hydrolytic activation of prodrugs
Authors: Yan-hui Yang, Herve Aloysius, Daigo Inoyama, Yu Chen, Long-qin Hu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

Prodrug design is an important part of drug discovery. Prodrugs can offer many advantages over parent drugs such as increased solubility, enhanced stability, improved bioavailability, reduced side effects, and better selectivity. Many prodrugs have been used successfully in the clinic; examples include oseltamivir in anti-influenza therapy, enalapril in anti-hypertension therapy, capecitabine in cancer therapy, and omeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer. A key step in prodrug design is the incorporation of an activation mechanism that can convert the prodrug into the active species in an efficient and/or controlled manner to meet the needs of a given medical application. Prodrug activation can be achieved through enzyme-mediated hydrolytic or oxidoreductive processes while activation of some prodrugs may proceed through pure chemical nonenzymatic processes. This review focuses on the hydrolytic enzymes that have been used in prodrug activation, including transferases, hydrolases, and lyases.
Improving Access to Health Care Through Physician Workforce Reform
Authors: Marc L. Rivo
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE COUNCIL on Graduate Medical Education (COGME) was authorized by Congress in 1986 to provide an ongoing assessment of physician supply trends and to recommend appropriate federal and private sector efforts to address identified needs. In its first report to the Health and Human Services Secretary and Congress in 1988, the COGME expressed concerns that physician specialty and geographic maldistribution were growing despite an increasing aggregate supply of physicians. Then, concerns about the physician workforce, health care access, and rising costs had not yet been prominently thrust into the national spotlight. The social context of the council's Third Report, released in October 1992, is vastly different. The health care system is acknowledged to be in a crisis and health care reform is actively being considered. Health care expenditures exceeded $650 billion in 1990 and are projected to reach $1 trillion in 1995. Thirty-five million Americans remain medically uninsured and millions
A developed HPLC method for the determination of Alogliptin Benzoate and its potential impurities in bulk drug and tablets
Authors: Kun Zhang, Panqin Ma, Wenna Jing, Xiangrong Zhang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

Alogliptin (AGLT), active ingredient of Alogliptin Benzoate (AGLT-BZ), is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to build a suitable method to determine the potential related substances in AGLT-BZ bulk drug and tablets. Seven related substances in Alogliptin Benzoate substances were synthetized and identified by 1H-NMR and ESI-MS. In addition, the impurities were detected by a gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV detection. The chromatographic system consisted of an Angilent Zobax SB-CN column (250 × 4.6 mm; 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of water/acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid 1900:100:1 v/v/v (solution A) and acetonitrile/water/trifluoroacetic acid 1900:100:1 v/v/v (solution B) using a gradient program at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with 278 nm detection and an injection volume of 20 μl. Additionally, selectivity, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD), linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness were determined. Linearity was good over the concentration range 50–1000 ng/ml and the coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.9991–0.9998. RSD% of the determination of precision were <2% (n = 6). The method of RP-HPLC for the determination of impurities in AGLT-BZ was proved to be precise, accurate, robust and reliable. Three batches of self-made bulk drug and three dosages of commercial tablets were detected with this method.