tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platelets have more than one binding site for von Willebrand factor.
Authors: Z M Ruggeri, L De Marco, L Gatti, R Bader, R R Montgomery
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The binding of 125I-von Willebrand factor (125I-vWF) to platelets stimulated by thrombin, ADP, and a combination of ADP + epinephrine (EPI) is specific, saturable, and reversible. Active platelet metabolism and divalent cations are required for binding induced by these stimuli, but not by ristocetin, suggesting the existence of different mechanisms involved in the vWF-platelet interaction. A monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope of membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib had no effect on the binding of 125I-vWF to normal platelets stimulated by thrombin or a combination of ADP + EPI, but completely blocked ristocetin-induced binding. Binding induced by thrombin to GPIb-blocked platelets was specific. Moreover, thrombin-induced binding of 125I-vWF was increased, rather than decreased, in two patients with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome whose platelets lacked GPIb. Conversely, monoclonal antibodies directed against the GPIIb/IIIa complex had no effect on ristocetin-induced binding of 125I-v-WF to normal platelets, but blocked thrombin- and ADP + EPI-induced binding. To exclude effects mediated by the platelet Fc receptor, a monoclonal IgG directed against an epitope present on human B cells and monocytes, but not expressed on resting or stimulated platelets, was used. It did not affect 125I-vWF binding induced by any of the stimuli. These studies show that platelets have more than one binding site for vWF, and that they may be exposed by different stimuli.
Helmets and Preventing Motorcycle and Bicycle Injuries: Comments and a Correction
Authors: Alan Wachtel
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Preventing bicycle-related injuries is an interest shared by the medical, engineering, and bicycle advocacy communities. The Council on Scientific Affairs<sup>1</sup>report offers the welcome observation that this goal can be accomplished by primary measures to prevent crashes and collisions, including educational and engineering approaches, as well as by the use of helmets to mitigate injuries incurred in crashes. One topic deserves further discussion. Twice the report recommends separation of pedestrian, bicycle, and motor vehicle traffic streams, calling it an "ideal but difficult-to-achieve engineering [approach] to injury prevention." That this separation is difficult to achieve is true, but that it is ideal is only partially correct. Separating bicyclists from pedestrians is sound engineering practice. But while it seems plausible that bicycle—motor vehicle collisions could be prevented by maximizing the separation of bicycles from motor vehicles, this is not so.<sup>2</sup>In addition to the obvious conflicts with
373. Targeting the Central Nervous System by Intravenous Administration of a Targeting Lentiviral Vector
Authors: Koki Morizono, Yiming Xie, Gene-Errol Ringpis, Nonia Pariente, Irvin S.Y. Chen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We have developed a targeting lentiviral vector using the modified Sindbis virus envelope protein (Morizono, K et al, Nat. Med. 11: 346–352, Morizono, K et al, J. Virol. 75: 8016–8020). The modified envelope, designated m168, can bind to the Fc region of antibodies, so viral binding and entry can redirected based upon the specificity of the conjugated antibody. We have used this vector to demonstrate targeted transduction of metastatic melanoma in the mouse lung by intravenous administration of the virus. Although the viral vector binds, enters and transduces a wide variety of cells via targeted cell surface molecules, certain cell types are resistant to transduction by the vector in spite of the abundant expression of the targeted molecules. To broaden the application of the vector to more tissues and cell types, we attempted to analyze and overcome the blockage of transduction by the vector. Because the resistant cells are permissive for transduction by VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors, the blockage of transduction seems to be present at the step prior to reverse transcription. In addition, the targeting vector efficiently binds to target cells via targeted molecules, so the blockage most likely occurs at fusion between the target cell membrane and the viral envelope. We found that the amount of cholesterol on the target cell membrane controls the efficiency of viral fusion (entry); i.e., depletion of cholesterol from permissive cells decreases the transduction efficiency by the vector, and addition of cholesterol to resistant cells increases the transduction efficiency of the vector. To increase the transduction efficiency to the cells that contain low amounts of cholesterol, we introduced an additional mutation into the E1 gene of the m168 construct, which has been demonstrated to mediate viral fusion in a cholesterol-independent manner. The envelope with the E1 mutation, designated 2.2, dramatically increasedthe transduction efficiency to cholesterol-depleted cells. The 2.2-pseudotyped vector also more efficiently transduces the previously resistant cells in an antibody-dependent manner, including primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The 2.2-pseudotyped vector was also tested in an in vivo setting. The virus conjugated with the anti-transferrin receptor was administered intravenously into mice to target blood-brain barrier capillary endothelial cells previously known to express abundant amounts of the transferrin receptor. The 2.2 pseudotype expressed the firefly luciferase transgene at the location of the brain and spine, in an antibody-dependent manner, as demonstrated by cooled coupled charged device imaging. We are trying to define the specific cell types transduced in the central nervous system (CNS) tissues by immunohistochemical analysis, as well as delivery of therapeutic molecules into the CNS.
Short-term prognosis in critically ill patients with cirrhosis assessed by prognostic scoring systems
Authors: Markus Wehler, Judith Kokoska, Udo Reulbach, Eckhart Georg Hahn, Richard Strauss
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The short–term prognosis of acutely ill patients with cirrhosis is influenced by the degree of hepatic insufficiency and by dysfunction of extrahepatic organ systems. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the prognostic accuracy of the Child–Pugh classification, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II system and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) for predicting hospital mortality in patients with cirrhosis when used 24 hours after admission to a medical intensive care unit (ICU). Prospective data were recorded on 143 patients. Cumulative mortality rates were 36% in the ICU, 46% in the hospital, and 56% at 6–month follow–up. By using the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves, the SOFA showed an excellent discriminative power (AUROC 0.94), which was clearly superior to the APACHE II (AUROC 0.79) and the Child–Pugh system (AUROC 0.74). Hospital mortality rates below and above a cutoff of 8 SOFA points were 4% and 88%, respectively ( P &lt; .0005). The SOFA score also reflected resource use during the ICU treatment as measured by daily workload and length of stay. The SOFA is an easily applied tool with excellent prognostic abilities and can be used to enhance clinical judgment of prognosis as well as providing patients and families with objective information.
The Xenopus Pregnancy Test
Authors: E. R. Elkan
Journal: BMJ (1938)

XENOPUS PREGNANCY TEST 'TE JORISHNAL 1253 part of the body-that is, the lumbo-sacral region of the spine.The penalties of the upright position are many, and this is one of them.I must not close these remarks without paying a tribute to the Boston school of orthopaedic surgeons for the work they have done on this subject.It is due to them, and chiefly to Goldthwait, that a proper system of exam- ination has been established and that these cases, so far as the orthopaedic aspect of them is concerned, are now capable of scientific analysis, classification, and treatment.
Water Content of Gallstones: Location and Contribution to A Hypothesis Concerning Stone Structure
Authors: Roger D. Soloway, Eleanor B. Fayusal, Bruce W. Trotman, Norman E. Weston, James F. Ficca
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

The water content of black pigment and cholesterol gallstones was evaluated with the use of moisture evolution analysis, electron spectroscopy for surface analysis, and X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction identified complex hydrated hydroxyapatite compounds in two stones. Moisture evolution analysis demonstrated that 18 pigment gallstones contained between 0.83 and 6.87% water; six cholesterol stones contained 0 to 0.27% (p less than 0.001). When black stones were subdivided into subgroups containing large proportions of pigment, phosphate, or carbonate, the proportion of water evolved at each temperature was the same. Water content was inversely related to carbonate content (r = -0.81) and did not correlate well with other stone components. Electron spectroscopy for surface analysis independently suggested that water of hydration was present since the ratio of oxygen to other elements exceeded ratios in any known compound in stone. A peripheral-central gradient for water was absent in one stone which was analyzed in peripheral mid-, and central portions. Progressive removal of the surface of previously ground stone particles using an argon beam followed by repeated electron spectroscopy for surface analysis indicated that much of the water was present in the outer 20 to 50 A of the particles. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that pigment stones form by deposition of calcium salts on an organic matrix and that hydrated water is associated with thin layers of calcium salts. These layers may be distributed throughout the stone; powdering appears to fractionate stones through these areas of hydrated calcium salts since oxygen was in highest concentration on the surface of powder particles.
Pachydermoperiostosis (primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy): report of a case with evidence of endothelial and connective tissue involvement.
Authors: M Matucci-Cerinic, S Cinti, M Morroni, T Lotti, G Nuzzaci, E Lucente, S di Lollo, M Ceruso, M Cagnoni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

A case of pachydermoperiostosis characterised by the presence of finger clubbing, periostosis, sweating of hands and feet is described. Modifications of capillaroscopic pattern and of arteriovenous anastomoses are reported. The periungual border and finger tip tissue showed diffuse endothelial hyperplasia, hyalinosis, and sclerosis with packing of collagen fibres. Electron microscopy showed hypertrophic and activated endothelia (numerous and hypertrophic Golgi complexes, several Weibel-Palade bodies, vesicles of micropinocytosis, and glycogen particles), the basal membrane thickened and reduplicated, perivasal infiltrate in superficial derma, reticulation and segmentary reduplication of basal membrane in arteriovenous shunt. In the perineural connective tissue numerous Luse bodies (long spacing collagen) were evident. The data indicate that in the early phase of pachydermoperiostosis morphological endothelial and collagen fibre abnormalities are present, though there is a normal peripheral blood flow.
Abstract B16: Resources for research: Identification and validation of ovarian cancer cases from the Synthetic Derivative
Authors: Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Whitney Lovett, Ryan J. Delahanty, Dineo Khabele, Wei Zhang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract As a rare and highly lethal cancer, research on ovarian cancer is prone to sample size limitations. To build a research resource, we set out to identify women with ovarian cancer from a large database of de-identified electronic medical records (EMR) of subjects who received medical care from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Known as the Synthetic Derivative (SD), this database was initiated in 2006, and now includes more than 20 years of EMR for approximately 1.7 million subjects. We developed a computational algorithm to identify subjects whose EMR included a minimum of three occurrences of an International Classification of Disease (ICD) code of 183 (Malignant neoplasm of ovary and other uterine adnexa) or with local Tumor Registry data that included a primary cancer site of ovary (C569) or fallopian tube (C570). A total of 1,755 women were identified; review of EMR and data abstraction is currently underway. Automated data downloads were conducted for Tumor Registry data, demographics and vital status, CA125 levels and dates, and surgical types and dates. Of the 1,755 women, the majority were Caucasian (83.7%) and deceased (61.7%). Tumor Registry data was available for 1,500 women; epithelial ovarian or fallopian tube cancers were confirmed for 1,141 women. In agreement with national numbers, the 5 year survival rate of these women was only 42.7%. Stored DNA is currently available for 424 women; genotyping data from a variety of platforms is available for 132 women. After additional EMR review and data abstraction, we anticipate being able to verify approximately 1,415 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer. This approach can be utilized at other institutions in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network; our goal is to build a large resource of validated ovarian cancer cases to support both etiologic and prognostic investigations of this insidious disease. Citation Format: Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Whitney Lovett, Ryan J. Delahanty, Dineo Khabele, Wei Zhang. Resources for research: Identification and validation of ovarian cancer cases from the Synthetic Derivative. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B16.
Hypersensitivity Reactions in Man
Authors: H. Bergstrand
Journal: BMJ (1950)

MEDIBALURNAL 89been effected by a Christian mission.While such cases are exceptional, they illustrate the danger of a belief in early maturity which appears to have no foundation in fact.In the case of boys, legislation for the protection of juveniles in employment should be closely related to the expected development and physical performance at a given age (Ellis, 1948).In Nigeria this applies particularly to the minimum age at which boys may emigrate to Fernando Po for work in the plantations.In educational grouping and in defining regulations with regard to school-leaving age, it may well be borne in mind that adolescence is not likely to be reached significantly earlier in Nigeria than in Great Britain.
Platelet Physiology and Abnormalities of Platelet Function
Authors: Harvey J. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE blood platelets, approximately 2 μm in diameter and numbering 200,000 to 400,000 per cubic millimeter, are produced in the megakaryocytes of the bone marrow by the coalescence of cytoplasmic membranes formed by invaginations of the megakaryocyte surface.1 Under normal circumstances, platelets circulate in the blood for 10 days as smooth, disk-shaped cells that are nonadherent to each other and to normal vascular endothelium. Their unique biologic properties are the changes that occur when the endothelium is broken or when disruption of the vessel allows the blood to come into contact with elements of the vessel . . .
Transferrin‐immune complex disease: A potentially overlooked gammopathy mediated by IgM and IgG
Authors: Gian Luca Forni, Valeria Pinto, Marco Musso, Marco Mori, Domenico Girelli, Ilaria Caldarelli, Adriana Borriello, Fulvio Della Ragione
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

The combination of marked hypersideremia, hypertransferrinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of underdetermined significance (MGUS) should alert clinicians to the possible presence of an anti-transferrin immunoglobulin, an uncommon acquired disorder also defined as transferrin-immune complex disease (TICD). The authors have previously described a case of TICD with 100% transferrin saturation and liver iron overload. However, the findings in the few cases so far reported are heterogeneous, and the presence of high transferrin saturation and liver iron overload is not universal. In this article, the authors have described the identification of two additional patients with anti-transferrin monoclonal gammopathy, hypersideremia, and hypertransferrinemia, but with incomplete transferrin saturation and no hepatic iron overload. The autoantibodies were purified by using transferrin as affinity bait and characterized. One subject showed a high-titer monoclonal anti-transferrin IgM with a κ-type light chain. This finding is the first observation of IgM autoantibodies against transferrin. The other patient developed the disease after pregnancy. In this study, monoclonal antibody was an IgG mounting a κ-type light chain with altered molecular weight. These results highlight that transferrin might induce the development of a monoclonal immune response of different classes and specificity. The identification, in a single hematologic center, of three different subjects with anti-transferrin monoclonal gammopathy suggests that the disease probably represents a still underdiagnosed condition. From a clinical standpoint, these patients must be followed up both as MGUS and as hemochromatosis.
Effect of beta-blockers on arrhythmias during six weeks after suspected myocardial infarction
Authors: J M Roland, R G Wilcox, D C Banks, B Edwards, P H Fentem, J R Hampton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Twenty-four-hour electrocardiographic tape-recording was used to investigate the incidence of arrhythmias in patients with suspected myocardial infarction who were receiving either propranolol, atenolol, or placebo. Recordings begun within 24 hours after admission to a coronary care unit showed that 76% of patients eventually found to have had a myocardial infarction had ventricular arrhythmias of a type generally regarded as serious, whereas of patients in whom myocardial infarction was not substantiated, only 24% had such arrhythmias. At one and six weeks after admission the incidence of arrhythmias ranged from 25% to 33% irrespective of diagnosis. Of patients monitored at both one and six weeks, however, only 5% had arrhythmias on each occasion. Patients treated with propranolol and atenolol showed a similar incidence of arrhythmias to those taking placebo. There was no difference in the incidence or type of arrhythmias recorded between patients who died and those who were still alive at six weeks. These results confirm that "serious" ventricular arrythmias occur in most patients during the acute phase of myocardial infarction and suggest that they do not constitute an independent risk factor. Beta-blockers showed little evidence of useful antiarrhythmic action in the dosage used, but increasing the dosage in suspected myocardial infarction is not practicable because of the risk of hypotension. The findings raise grave doubts about the value of studying arrhythmias to assess drugs intended to reduce mortality from myocardial infarction.
Actinomycosis Mimicking Anastomotic Recurrent Esophageal Cancer on PET-CT
Authors: Linh Ho, John Seto, Hossein Jadvar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

We report the PET-CT appearance of actinomycosis in a 76-year-old man with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The patient was initially treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by esophagectomy and gastric pull-up. Hybrid PET-CT was performed 20 months after completion of treatment using a Siemens Biograph scanner 45 minutes after intravenous administration of 15 mCi of F-18 FDG. PET-CT demonstrated intense hypermetabolism to the left of the anastomosis, corresponding to a soft tissue mass on CT. The patient underwent biopsy of the mass 10 days after PET-CT examination that confirmed actinomycosis with no evidence of recurrent disease.
Life in the Balance: Emergency Medicine and the Quest for Survival
Authors: T. Ashworth
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Mickey S Eisenberg

Oxford University Press, £19.99, pp 304

ISBN 0 19 510179 0

Death, and particularly sudden death, was an accepted fact of life for most of recorded history. With the renaissance, attitudes changed to one of abhorrence—death was a sign of the wrath of God or that peace had not been made with one's Maker. Now the loss of a relationship with a beloved has been compounded by loss of faith, decreased exposure to the event of death itself, and a misguided belief in the power of modern medicine to render …
Stat Bite: Breast and Lung/Bronchus Cancers in U.S. Women by Geographic Area
Authors: E. J. Feuer, B. A. Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Stat Bite: Breast and Lung/Bronchus Cancers in U.S. Women by Geographic Area Get access Eric J. Feuer, Ph.D., Eric J. Feuer, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barry A. Miller Barry A. Miller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 20, 16 October 1991, Page 1437, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.20.1437 Published: 16 October 1991
Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in the Critically III
Authors: Darell Heiselman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the article by Dr Pittet and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>approximately 20% of the time the cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection was infection of intravenous (IV) lines. To better understand the study's impact, we need to know the duration of each of these 20 lines and whether the authors had a standard time of replacement of these lines that could have contributed to their being the cause of bacteremia. Were any of the IV line sites kept in place too long and could infection have been prevented through replacement or removal? Other investigators have suggested that nosocomial bloodstream infections from IV lines cause increased hospital stay, morbidity and mortality, and serious economic consequences, but can be reduced through diligent catheter care and replacement.<sup>2</sup>
Commissioners struggle to cut back on services, survey finds
Authors: F. Tasker
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Commissioners in England are more interested in new developments in the health service than setting priorities on how to spend their core funding, says a report. They also struggle to disinvest in services, to make evidence based decisions, and to involve the public. 

The findings, from the Health Services Management Centre at the University of Birmingham and the health policy think tank the Nuffield Trust, are based on results from a survey completed by 80 (53%) of …