tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SEDIMENTATION RATE AND WHITE BLOOD COUNT IN MENTAL PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC BRAIN DISEASE
Authors: WALTER L. BRUETSCH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

1. In mental patients with rheumatic brain disease the sedimentation rate was slightly or moderately increased in 85.7 percent. The white blood count was over 10,000 cells in 30 percent of such cases, emphasizing that the sedimentation rate is a more sensitive index of activity of the infection in subclinical rheumatic fever than the leukocyte count. 2. In 4 patients with rheumatic encephalopathy, who had increased sedimentation rates, a correlative histologic study disclosed rheumatic activity on the heart valves and in the vascular system of the brain, kidneys, spleen, etc. 3. Greater familiarity with the existence of subclinical rheumatic fever in apparently physically healthy mental patients, in the presence of rheumatic heart disease, will bring nearer the time, when this group of patients, in whom rheumatic fever has affected both the heart and the brain, will be accurately recognized. 4. The sedimentation rate is of little value in contributing to the differentiation of patients with rheumatic encephalopathy from other mental cases.
Microenvironmental Remodeling as a Parameter and Prognostic Factor of Heterogeneous Leukemogenesis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Jin-A Kim, Jae-Seung Shim, Ga-Young Lee, Hyeon Woo Yim, Tae-Min Kim, Myungshin Kim, Sun-Hee Leem, Jong-Wook Lee, Chang-Ki Min, Il-Hoan Oh
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of stem cell-like blasts in bone marrow (BM); however, their unique cellular interaction within the BM microenvironment and its functional significance remain unclear. Here, we assessed the BM microenvironment of AML patients and demonstrate that the leukemia stem cells induce a change in the transcriptional programming of the normal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). The modified leukemic niche alters the expressions of cross-talk molecules (i.e., CXCL12 and JAG1) in MSCs to provide a distinct cross-talk between normal and leukemia cells, selectively suppressing normal primitive hematopoietic cells while supporting leukemogenesis and chemoresistance. Of note, AML patients exhibited distinct heterogeneity in the alteration of mesenchymal stroma in BM. The distinct pattern of stromal changes in leukemic BM at initial diagnosis was associated with a heterogeneous posttreatment clinical course with respect to the maintenance of complete remission for 5 to 8 years and early or late relapse. Thus, remodeling of mesenchymal niche by leukemia cells is an intrinsic self-reinforcing process of leukemogenesis that can be a parameter for the heterogeneity in the clinical course of leukemia and hence serve as a potential prognostic factor. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2222–31. ©2015 AACR.
SURGERY OF THE FIFTH NERVE FOR TIC DOULOUREUX.
Authors: ROBERT ABBE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

It is the uniform experience of surgeons that there is no more fearful pain for a patient to endure than the persistent recurrence of what one of my patients always called "crashes of pain" in the side of the face. Its immediate, though transient, relief by simple section of the superficial nerves, is so much like the magic of art that it has been given as wide a trial as it ever should have. Brodie's reference to the "notorious failure of nerve section," in permanently relieving tic douloureux, echoed by Velpeau, Stromeyer and others of that time, is more emphasized to-day by accumulating experience. The accepted explanation of its failure, in that reunion of nerve channels is effected by natural laws of repair, has led to so many attempts to overcome this mischievous act of nature that we may now consider the success and failure of each and learn their
Transient neonatal hyperthyrotrophinaemia: a serum abnormality due to transplacentally acquired antibody to thyroid stimulating hormone.
Authors: J H Lazarus, R John, J Ginsberg, I A Hughes, G Shewring, B R Smith, J S Woodhead, R Hall
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In a screening programme for neonatal hypothyroidism an otherwise healthy female infant was found to have a high concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone in a filter paper blood spot and in serum. A high concentration was also found in the maternal serum. Mother and baby were both biochemically euthyroid with normal serum thyroxine concentrations. The apparently high concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone in the mother was due to the presence of an IgG antibody that bound to human but not bovine thyroid stimulating hormone. Maternal serum inhibited the action of human thyroid stimulating hormone in an in vitro bioassay for the hormone. It is suggested that the baby acquired the antibody transplacentally, especially as the concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone subsequently fell. It is concluded that maternal serum should be assayed for thyroid stimulating hormone when a neonate is found to have a high concentration of the hormone and a normal concentration of thyroxine to establish the incidence of this finding and to avoid inappropriate replacement treatment.
Intracellular signaling in the regulation of renal Na-K-ATPase. I. Role of cyclic AMP and phospholipase A2.
Authors: T Satoh, H T Cohen, A I Katz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We have reported that dopamine (DA) inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) by stimulating the DA1 receptor, and the present study was designed to evaluate the mechanism of this effect. Short-term exposure (15-30 min) of microdissected rat CCD to DA, a DA1 agonist (fenoldopam), vasopressin (AVP), forskolin, or dibutyryl cAMP (dBcAMP), which increase cAMP content by different mechanisms, strongly (approximately 60%) inhibited Na-K-ATPase activity. 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, completely blocked Na-K-ATPase inhibition by DA or fenoldopam, and IP20, an inhibitor peptide of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), abolished the Na:K pump effect of all the cAMP agonists listed above. To verify whether the mechanism of pump inhibition by agents that increase cell cAMP involves phospholipase A2 (PLA2), we used mepacrine, a PLA2 inhibitor, which also abolished Na-K-ATPase inhibition by DA or fenoldopam, as well as by AVP, forskolin, or dBcAMP. Arachidonic acid (10(-7) - 10(-4) M) inhibited Na-K-ATPase activity in dose-dependent fashion. Corticosterone, which induces lipomodulin, a PLA2 inhibitor protein inactivated by PKA, equally abolished the pump effects of DA, fenoldopam, forskolin, and dBcAMP, suggesting that lipomodulin might act between PKA and PLA2 in cAMP-dependent pump regulation. We conclude that dopamine inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity in the CCD through a DA1 receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway that involves the stimulation of PLA2 and arachidonic acid release, possibly mediated by inactivation of lipomodulin. This pathway is shared by other agonists that increase cell cAMP and thus stimulate PKA activity.
Extensive soft tissue calcification (calcinosis universalis) in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: A Weinberger, J G Kaplan, A R Myers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

A 21-year-old woman with long-standing systemic lupus erythematosus developed extensive calcification of the soft tissues of the thoracic and abdominal walls and extremities early in her illness, and these calcifications gradually disappeared over the course of her disease. The extent of this calcinosis and apparent spontaneous regression are unusual events in systemic lupus erythematosus.
From scalpel to surfboard
Authors: G. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Ihave been fortunate to act as a counsellor in Britain's only summer camp for children with burns injuries. Known as Camp Horizons, it serves two main purposes. Firstly, it allows children from underprivileged backgrounds to have a holiday, many for the first time, and to take part in activities such as sailing and canoeing. Secondly, and more importantly, it allows these children to be immersed for one week in a fun environment where they all have one thing in common—the physical and psychological scars from a thermal injury.

> On first meeting them you might not suspect that anything was wrong 

Now in its third year, the camp was the brainchild of Mr Jim Frame, consultant burns surgeon, and Pat Wade, children's play therapist at St Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns in Essex. It was fashioned after similar camps that have been in existence in the United States for some time and is financed entirely by fundraising activities and donations from the private sector. The …
Ensemble Modeling of the Likely Public Health Impact of a Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Vaccine
Authors: Thomas Smith, Amanda Ross, Nicolas Maire, Nakul Chitnis, Alain Studer, Diggory Hardy, Alan Brooks, Melissa Penny, Marcel Tanner
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Using an ensemble modeling approach, Thomas Smith and colleagues find that targeted mass vaccination with a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine RTS,S in low-transmission settings might have better health effects than vaccination through national EPI programs.
Social Ties and Susceptibility to the Common Cold-Reply
Authors: William J. Doyle
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Edmunds, Medley, and O'Callaghan suggest that gregarious adults have more contacts with others and therefore would be exposed more often to rhinoviruses resulting in the development of protective immunity. They further argue that in our study, we only measure specific antibody to the challenge strains and that increased exposure to related strains may afford a degree of antibody protection that accounts for why those with diverse networks are less susceptible to rhinovirus-induced colds. However, our data are not consistent with their hypothesis. This is because the neutralizing test detects any antibody (virus specific or nonspecific) that binds to the virus. Even so, we agree with their concern that some aspect of specific immunity that we have not assessed (eg, IgA antibody, cytotoxic T-cell response) could be influenced by social contact across different social domains. However, this possibility is tempered by the fact that social diversity predicts the incidence of
Regional Myocardial Blood Flow*
Authors: Jay M. Sullivan, Warren J. Taylor, William C. Elliott, Richard Gorlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

A method is described which measures the local effectiveness of the myocardial circulation, expressed as a clearance constant. Uniform clearance constants have been demonstrated in the normal canine and human myocardium. A distinct difference in clearance constants has been demonstrated between the normal canine myocardium and areas of naturally occurring disease. Heterogeneous clearance constants have been found in a majority of human subjects with coronary artery disease—the lowest rates being noted in areas of fibrous aneurysm.
Case 13-1984
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, William E. Strole, Fraser M. Richards
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Presentation of CaseA 31-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever and a pelvic mass.He was in excellent health until three months earlier, when malaise and a low-grade fever developed, followed by anorexia and intermittent diarrhea. Physical examination was negative except that the temperature was 37.8°C. A stool culture yielded Campylobacter jejuni. A course of erythromycin was administered. The diarrhea disappeared, but intermittent fever continued, with peaks of the temperature between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m., ranging to 38.9°C and once as high as 39.8°C Occasional sweats and sensations of chilliness occurred. He also began . . .
Evaluation of a Virtual Endoscopy Simulator for Training in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: A. Ferlitsch, P. Glauninger, A. Gupper, M. Schillinger, M. Haefner, A. Gangl, R. Schoefl
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Skills in gastrointestinal endoscopy mainly depend on experience and practice. Training on endoscopy simulators may decrease the time needed to reach competency in endoscopy. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the GI-Mentor, a virtual reality endoscopy simulator, can distinguish between beginners and experts in endoscopy and to assess whether training improves the performance of beginners. Methods: A total of 13 beginners and 11 experts (more than 1000 procedures) in gastrointestinaI endoscopy were included. The baseline assessment consisted of virtual endoscopies and skill tests. The beginners were randomly allocated to receive training (n = 7) or no training (n = 6). The training group was allowed to practice using the simulator for 2 hours per day. After 3 weeks participants were re-evaluated with two new virtual endoscopy cases and one virtual skill test. Insertion time, correctly identified pathologies, adverse events and skill test performance were recorded. Results: The baseline assessment revealed significant differences favoring the experts for virtual endoscopies and skill tests. Significant differences in favor of experts were found for successful retroflection during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) (P < 0.005); adverse events during colonoscopy (P < 0.02); insertion time (P < 0.001); correctly identified pathologies in gastroscopy and colonoscopy (P < 0.02); and skill test performance (P < 0.01). The final evaluation showed significant differences between training and no-training groups, in favor of the training group, for the number of adverse events during virtual endoscopy (P < 0.04), for the insertion time during colonoscopy (P < 0.03); and for skill test performance (P < 0.01). The training group improved its abilities on the simulator significantly. Differences between experts and the training group were no longer seen. Conclusion: This virtual endoscopy simulator is capable of identifying differences between beginners and experts in gastrointestinal endoscopy. A 3-week training improves the performance of beginners significantly. This quite fast improvement in endoscopic skills certainly cannot be seen in clinical practice; no conclusions can be made about the impact of virtual simulator training on real-life endoscopy, and this must be evaluated.
Decrease in myocardial ryanodine receptors and altered excitation-contraction coupling early in the development of heart failure.
Authors: D E Vatner, N Sato, K Kiuchi, R P Shannon, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Rapid ventricular pacing for 1 day reduced myocardial contractile function without inducing heart failure in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. After 4 to 7 weeks of pacing, myocardial contractility was depressed further and overt signs of congestive heart failure, eg, ascites, dyspnea, and edema, were evident.The mechanical restitution response, a physiological index of calcium release, was depressed at 1 day of rapid ventricular pacing. Postextrasystolic potentiation was also depressed by a similar amount, 14 +/- 3%, at 1 day after pacing. The response to isoproterenol 0.2 microgram/kg per minute was depressed by a significantly greater amount (P < .05), 52 +/- 7%, at 1 day after pacing. 3H-ryanodine receptor binding fell from 1013 +/- 25 to 808 +/- 42 fmol/mg after 1 day of pacing and remained depressed at similar levels (782 +/- 61 fmol/mg) at 4 to 7 weeks when heart failure was manifest. Ryanodine receptor affinity was unchanged from control values. Neither dihydropyridine binding nor affinity for 3H-PN200-110 was changed from control levels. Within 5 days after recovery from 1 day of pacing, physiological responses to isoproterenol, postextrasystolic potentiation, and mechanical restitution recovered, as did 3H-ryanodine binding density.These findings suggest that the changes in excitation-contraction coupling and potentially the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel occur early in the development of heart failure and therefore may be important in the pathogenesis of the contractile abnormalities in this disease state.
Intensive and standard glucose control did not differ for major CV events or death in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gillian L. Booth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club17 March 2009Intensive and standard glucose control did not differ for major CV events or death in poorly controlled type 2 diabetesGillian L. Booth, MD, MScGillian L. Booth, MD, MScSt. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.L.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationDuckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:129-39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19092145Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: References1 Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al, for the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2545-59. [PMID: 8539917] Google Scholar2 Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al for the ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2560-72. [PMID: 18539916] Google Scholar3 Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1577-89. [PMID: 18784090] Google Scholar4 Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, et al, for the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2643-53. [PMID: 16371630] Google Scholar5 American Diabetes Association. Executive summary: standards of medical care in diabetes—2009. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:S6-12. [PMID: 19118288] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.L.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 March 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 March 2009Volume 150, Issue 6Page: JC3-8KeywordsBody mass indexGlucoseHeart failureInsulinIschemic strokeMyocardial infarctionType 2 diabetesVascular diseasesVascular surgery ePublished: 17 March 2009 Issue Published: 17 March 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Subfertility before and after the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Women
Authors: A. Kay, F. Bach
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1965)

Hargreaves (1958), in a study of a population in Cornwall, England, noticed that a group of women with rheumatoid arthritis had fewer children than a control group without this disease.Independently, at this Unit, we have noticed that, of the large number of married women attending with rheumatoid arthritis, the majority had few children or none at all.Accordingly a controlled study was undertaken of fertility and related factors in women before and after the development of their rheumatoid arthritis.Material Women with rheumatoid arthritis were included if the following conditions were observed:(1) Their disease fulfilled the American Rheumatism Association criteria for "classical" or "definite" rheumatoid arthritis (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1959); (2) They had first attended the Rheumatism Unit between January 1, 1950, and December 30, 1959;(3) They were living within a 4-mile radius of St.Stephen's Hospital at the time of the survey.Of 209 patients thus assembled, 98 had developed rheu- matoid arthritis before the menopause and Ill after the menopause.Control subjects were found from the lists of patients registered with seventeen general practitioners in con- tract with the National Health Service within a 4-mile radius of St. Stephen's Hospital.The control was not necessarily registered with the same general practitioner as the corresponding rheumatoid subject.Patients and controls were matched by the following method.Each general practitioner's surgery file was consulted and a list of female names was collected in alphabetical order starting at any convenient point in the alphabet.All consecutive female names encountered were added to this list together with the relevant dates of birth and addresses.These "potential control" subjects were then stratified for age in 10-year groups and for economic status by the J-index.
DISSECTING AORTIC ANEURYSM WRONGLY DIAGNOSED CORONARY THROMBOSIS
Authors: PAUL D. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The development of a dissecting aneurysm of the aorta may simulate closely acute coronary occlusion. We are presenting herewith an interesting and instructive case in which we ourselves were in error, with a discussion of the differential diagnosis.  Some ten years ago there spread through this country a sudden realization that coronary thrombosis with cardiac infarction was a common condition that could be diagnosed clinically. This was after more than a decade of surprising neglect of Herrick's1classic paper on the subject. Along with the dispersal of this knowledge there was then, as there has been since, much interest in the possibility of confusion of coronary thrombosis with some acute abdominal disease. Herrick himself and also quite early Levine and Tranter2called attention to this possible confusion. However, as a rule the distinction is an easy one to make if both conditions are borne in mind. The other
TORSION AND STRANGULATION OF A HYDATID OF MORGAGNI
Authors: D. A. Abernethy
Journal: BMJ (1929)

a view to ascertainiing wlhether tle organisms were limilited to sewage from a localized area.The work was theni dis- continued owing to the onset of extremely cold and wet weather.The questioln of the distributioni of enteric organisms in the other districts of the city tlherefore remains to be determined.Since tho city of Edinburglh is at presenit comiiparatively free from enteric fever, the presence of B. pcaratyphosuis B in the sewage of a l)articular district is in all probability mainly due to residen-t " carriers;" and it is significanit that this district was tlle locus of ani outbreak of para- typhoid B fever in 1927.The medical officer of hlealthl of
IMPROVED RIGHT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIAL PERFORMANCE DESPITE REDUCED LONGITUDINAL DEFORMATION AFTER LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Ravi Rasalingam, Kyle R. Bilhorn, Stephanie N. Johnson, Carl B. Kapadia, Majesh Makan, Nader Moazami, Julio E. Perez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)