tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
23 Fibroblast growth factors enhance the transdifferentiation and proliferation of bone marrow cells into hepatocytes
Authors: T ISHIKAWA, S TERAI, K AOYAMA, K OMORI, I SAKAIDA, H NISHINA, K OKITA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Heparin/heparan sulfate-like glycosaminoglycans (HSGAGs) modulate the activity of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of proteins. Through interactions with both FGFs and FGF receptors (FGFRs), HSGAGs mediate FGF-FGFR binding and oligomerization leading to FGFR phosphorylation and initiation of intracellular signaling cascades. We describe a methodology to examine the impact of heparan sulfate fine structure and source on FGF-mediated signaling. Mitogenic assays using BaF3 cells transfected with specific FGFR isoforms allow for the quantification of FGF1 and FGF2 induced responses independent of conflicting influences. As such, this system enables a systematic investigation into the role of cell surface HSGAGs on FGF signaling. We demonstrate this approach using cell surface-derived HSGAGs and find that distinct HSGAGs elicit differential FGF response patterns through FGFR1c and FGFR3c. We conclude that this assay system can be used to probe the ability of distinct HSGAG species to regulate the activity of specific FGF–FGFR pairs.
Abstract 1810: The effects of adoptive T cell transfer on the population of regulatory T cells in the mouse colorectal cancer transplant model
Authors: Manabu Okajima, Satoshi Kokura, Tsuguhiro Matsumoto, Takeshi Ishikawa, Ryuichi Matsuyama, Jun Funaki, Satoko Adachi, Yuko Matsuura, Naoyuki Sakamoto, Yuji Naito, Toshikazu Yosikawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background and Aim: Recent evidence has demonstrated that regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediated immunosuppression is one of the most crutial tumor immune-evasion mechanisms. We clinically demonstrated that the number of peripheral Tregs in the patients with variety of cancer which received ACT, which is non-specific CD3-LAK significantly decreased and that the clinical outcome of the patients of which peripheral Tregs decreased was better. ACT, which contains even only the non-specific lymphocytes might have the potential to not only directly kill malignant cells but also manipulate the population of Tregs in tumor bearing hosts in strong immunosuppressive states. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ACT which is composed of non-specific T lymphocytes on the population of Tregs in local tumor, draining lymph nodes and spleen in the mice colorectal cancer transplant model. We have also investigated the effect of activated T cells on the induction of Tregs from CD4+ T cells by IL-2 and TGF-β. Materials and Methods: In vivo study: Male Balb/c mice were injected s.c. with colon26. The population of Treg in the tumor, the lymph node, and the spleen was analyzed after ACT(non-specific CD3-LAK) administration via a tail vein. In vitro study: The inducible system of Tregs was established. CD4+cells sorted from murine splenocytes were expanded for 72 hours in culture media containing IL-2 and TGFβ. LAK cells were co-cultured non-contactly with CD4+cells. Then we investigated the changes in the system after the co-culture. We also measured the concentration of IFN-γ in the culture solution to reveal the mechanism. Results: The accumulation of Tregs in the draining LNs and tumor was significantly suppressed by ACT. The induction of Tregs in vitro was inhibited by co-culture with LAK cells. The concentration of IFN-γ in the culture solution increased in LAK+ group.Conclusions: We have demonstrated that ACT has the potential to reduce the number of Tregs in tumor and draining lymph nodes in the mouse colorectal cancer transplant model. As one of the mechanisms of this phenomenon, IFN-γ secreted from LAK cells might blockade the conversion of CD4+ cells into Tregs. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic position of ACT in variety of cancer immunotherapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1810. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1810
Effect of 10 week progressive resistance training on serum leptin and adiponectin concentration in obese men
Authors: Sirvan Atashak, Ghaderi Mohammad, Sohrabi Faeze
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Background Adiponectin and leptin are closely related to weight control and energy balance, whereas exercise training has beneficial effects in obese men. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of 10 weeks of progressive resistance training on serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations in obese men. Methods Sixteen obese men (BMI≥ 30, 18–32 years) in a randomised controlled design were divided into two equal groups (exercise (n=8) and control (n=8) groups). The experimental subjects received resistance training programme. Progressive resistance training was performed three times a week on alternate days for 10 weeks and included seven exercises. At baseline and after 10 weeks, blood samples were taken in fasting state from all subjects and leptin and adiponectin determined by an ELISA technique that was commercially available. The one-way analysis of variance was used in the statistical analysis. Results Compared to pre-training, the leptin levels decreased (p&lt;0.05) and the adiponectin levels increased (p&lt;0.05) significantly after 10 weeks of progressive resistance exercise in the trained subjects, while it remained unchanged in control subjects (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions Therefore, according to this results it can be suggested that progressive resistance training for 10 weeks has been an effective therapeutic devise to favourable changes in leptin and adiponectin concentration in obese men.
Remarks ON PENETRATING GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE CHEST, AND THEIR TREATMENT
Authors: G. E. Gask, K. D. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1917)

Tliese periods cover different plhases of warfare and include periods of heavy fighting and of relative quiet.AWe liave included all cases of penetrating wounds of the chst admitted to the casualty clearing station, however serious the complications, and lhave excluded those cases of concussion haemothorax in which' the pleura had not be4n opened by the missile.IFor the analysis of cases and results, shown in the subsequent tables, we have-excluded tlhe first tw6 periods because:1.It is uncertain that all clhest wounds admitted to the casualty clearing stations were seen by us in -tlhose periods.2. It is probable that thle more serious cases were diverted by the-field ambulances ahead of us to advanced operatinA 6centies.X-3.The clearking stations at which we were working were so placed that a period of twenty-four ours elapsed between wounding and admission of patients.Thus many of the more seriously wounded must have died in advanced posts.4. In this last period we have been able io follow up our cases to tlle base or England, and have thus been enabled to include base mortality with:icasualty clearing station mortality in the subsequent tables.We think that the analysis of cases from one casualty cleairing station will give a fairer conception of tlle mortality.The objects of our investigation have been to determine accurately the cause of death, and the possibility of lessening mortality and slhortening convalescence by early operation.
The Relationship between Condom Use and Herpes Simplex Virus Acquisition
Authors: Anna Wald, Andria G.M. Langenberg, Elizabeth Krantz, John M. Douglas, H. Hunter Handsfield, Richard P. DiCarlo, Adaora A. Adimora, Allen E. Izu, Rhoda Ashley Morrow, Lawrence Corey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Few studies have evaluated the relationship between condom use and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and HSV type 1 (HSV-1) acquisition. Objective: To assess the relationship between condom use and acquisition of HSV-2 and HSV-1 among men and women. Design: Analysis of data collected as part of a clinical trial of an ineffective candidate vaccine for HSV-2. Setting: Sexually transmitted disease clinics. Participants: Men and women at risk for HSV-2 acquisition, defined as having 4 or more sexual partners or having a sexually transmitted disease in the past year. Measurement: Acquisition of HSV-2 and HSV-1 as measured by viral culture or change to positive HSV serostatus. Results: Of 1843 participants, 118 (6.4%) became infected with HSV-2. In multivariate analyses, participants reporting more frequent use of condoms were at lower risk for acquiring HSV-2 than participants who used condoms less frequently (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.95]); categories of increasing condom use were 0% to 25%, 25% to 75%, and greater than 75% of sexual acts. Nineteen (2.9%) of 659 participants at risk for infection with HSV-1 became infected. No statistically significant association between condom use and infection with HSV-1 was found (hazard ratio, 0.79 [CI, 0.48 to 1.31]). Limitations: Use of condoms was measured by self-report, and persons who used condoms may have differed from those who did not. Conclusions: Consistent use of condoms is associated with lower rates of infection with HSV-2 and should be routinely recommended.
A novel human papillomavirus identified in epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Authors: A.J. HARRiS, K. PURDIE, I.M. LEIGH, C. PROBY, S. BURGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare inherited condition in which there is widespread infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Patients have a high risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma and Bowen's disease on sun-exposed sites. We describe a Jatnaican man with the typical clinical and histopathological features of EV. HPV 8·24 and a subtype of HPV 38, along with a novel HPV sequence most closely related to HPV 9 have been detected in his skin lesions. Although skin tumours are rare In black patients with EV and he has lived in a temperate climate most of his life, several of the lesions showed bowenoid atypia and he is at risk of developing invasive cutaneous malignancies.
Dissecting Racial and Ethnic Differences
Authors: Neil Risch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

It is well known that disease does not affect the population equally. Assessing variation in the rates of disease according to demographic factors such as sex and race or ethnicity is the basis of epidemiologic research and affects clinical and public health practice. The basis for such differences — in particular, among self-identified racial and ethnic groups — has recently been the focus of heightened discussion. The concept of race has perhaps triggered the greatest controversy, since it has been used historically to provide support for the mistreatment of one group by another. Also, the assignment of persons of mixed . . .
CONTROL OF SEXUAL HYPERACTIVITY WITH THIORIDAZINE
Authors: ILSE KAMM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

The successful use of thioridazine in controlling overt sexual hyperactivity in 2 women is reported (8 cases having been observed), possibly as one of the additional limited potentialities that can be observed in the action of certain phenothiazines. The improvement resulted in lessening of other behavior problems which had been aggravated by the necessary restrictions imposed on these patients by ward personnel.
Use of defibrillators by general practitioners.
Authors: M. C. Colquhoun
Journal: BMJ (1988)

ablation results in fewer recurrences savings would be greater as the number of reoperations would fall: we would recommend that patients with a systemic or arterial disease, which might impair healing, should, however, be treated by doctors. The treatment chosen for ingrowing toenails should have a low recurrence rate and a reasonable cost.4 If patients were referred to a suitably trained?state registered?chiropodist for segmental phenolic abla? tion this ideal might be attained.
Publishing information about patients
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Last week three doctors appeared before the General Medical Council, the body that regulates British doctors, charged with serious professional misconduct because they had published a report on a patient without, it was claimed, gaining adequate consent from the patient (p 1245).1 The report, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry in 1993,2 concerned three patients with bulimia nervosa who had bled themselves. The paper came from Aberdeen, and the local newspaper picked up the story. It published only details that were in the case report (which included, for instance, “Ms C is a 26 year old preregistration doctor”), but a friend of one of the patients was able to identify her from the newspaper report. The patient made a complaint to the General Medical Council, saying that, although she had consented to the use of her case for teaching and research, she had not consented to its being published in a journal.

Despite the fact that the General Medical Council did not find the doctors guilty of serious professional misconduct, this case illustrates radical changes in expectations on guarding patient confidentiality in published reports; and these changing expectations reflect broader changes in the relationship between doctors and patients. Medical journals and textbooks have …
Hypocalcemia and Inhibition of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion after Administration of WR-2721 (a Radioprotective and Chemoprotective Agent)
Authors: Donna Glover, Louis Riley, Kim Carmichael, Brian Spar, John Glick, Morton M. Kligerman, Zalman S. Agus, Eduardo Slatopolsky, Maurice Attie, Stanley Goldfarb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We investigated the causes of the hypocalcemia associated with WR-2721, an investigational drug that protects normal tissues against the toxic effects of radiation and chemotherapy. Sixteen patients with advanced cancers had serial measurements of serum calcium and other studies of blood chemistry before and after taking the compound. In all 16 patients (18 courses) the mean serum calcium level fell from 2.33 to 1.90 mmol per liter (9.33 to 7.62 mg per deciliter, P<0.001) after WR-2721, and in all 8 patients from whom data were obtained, serum calcium levels remained depressed at 24 hours. In 12 patients, ionized calcium levels dropped from 0.98 to 0.80 mmol per liter (P<0.01). Serum magnesium values fell from 0.96 to 0.74 mmol per liter (1.91 to 1.48 mg per deciliter, P<0.001). There were no changes in arterial pH or serum phosphate concentrations. In nine patients urinary calcium excretion rose from 3.96 to 10.68 μmol per minute (P<0.01) after WR-2721. Despite hypocalcemia, parathyroid hormone levels fell in all subjects. WR-2721 also inhibited the release of parathyroid hormone from bovine parathyroid cells incubated in vitro in low (0.5 mM) concentrations of calcium. We conclude that WR-2721 inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone and enhances calciuria, thereby leading to hypocalcemia. (N Engl J Med 1983; 309:1137–41.)
Dog attacks: it's time for doctors to bite back
Authors: Rachel Besser
Journal: BMJ (2007)

views & Reviews T his year, like previous years, has seen a spate of coverage in the British media of maulings by dogs.The most recent available data from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (www.rospa.co.uk) show that 70 000 people attended UK emergency departments in 2002 for injuries caused by dog bites.Many of these are attacks on children by the family pet and take place in the home (European Journal of Pediatrics 2003;162:254-8).Dog bites have become a public health concern and a child protection issue.As with many public health issues, however, individuals are reluctant to take responsibility and modify their behaviour.The medical profession is left to mop up the mess.Children are particularly vulnerable; one American study found that children under 5 were the age group most likely to have severe head and neck injuries (American Surgeon 1999;65:863-4).Undoubtedly, few people bitten by dogs die or are left with a profound disability.However, the number of people admitted to UK hospitals after being bitten by a dog is rising, despite a fall in dog ownership.Data collected by the Information Centre for Health and Social Care (www.hesonline.nhs.uk) show that 4133 patients were admitted to hospital in England in 2006 as a result of injuries from dog bites, almost double the number in 1996, and that 22% of these people were children under 9. Apart from the psychological and physical consequences (including infections) of dog bites, they result in unnecessary expense.It is clear that the 1991 Dangerous Dogs Act does not work.For a start, it does not cover the majority of bites that occur in the family home, and only 764 people were prosecuted under the act in 2005.Also, all dogs bite, not just the four breeds prohibited under the act (the pit bull terrier, Japanese tosa, Argentine dogo, and fila Brasileiro, including cross-breeds).Indeed, one study showed that the most common dog bites
Dietary intake and serum total cholesterol level: their relationship to different lifestyles in several Japanese populations.
Authors: H Ueshima, M Iida, T Shimamoto, M Konishi, M Tanigaki, M Doi, N Nakanishi, Y Takayama, H Ozawa, Y Komachi
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Serum total cholesterol level and dietary intake were surveyed 1975--1977 in six Japanese population groups with different lifestyles, including groups in both rural (Akita and Kochi) and urban (Osaka) areas. Clerical workers in Osaka, who had the most westernized lifestyle of all the study groups, had the highest mean serum total cholesterol level (202 mg/dl for men ages 40--49 and 50--59 years), while farmers in Akita had the lowest mean serum total cholesterol level (163 mg/dl for men 40--49 years old, 159 mg/dl for men 50--59 years old, 165 mg/dl for men 60--69 years old). Nutrient intake data for mean ages 40--59 years showed 23% of calories from fat for clerical workers in Osaka, the highest among the study groups, whereas farmers in Akita showed a low level of 14%. The ratio of dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was over 1.1 for all groups. Cholesterol intake was 339--487 mg/day. Total carbohydrate as a percentage of calories was 53--65%; 75--80% of carbohydrate energy was ingested from cereals. Sugar accounted for less than 3.5% of total calories. In the cross-group correlation analysis between dietary lipid intake and serum total cholesterol, a significant strong positive correlation was found between the dietary lipid factor (phi) of Keys et al. and the mean serum total cholesterol level. A weak but significant correlation was observed between the dietary lipid factor and serum total cholesterol for individual inhabitants of Osaka.
Graft rejection after hematopoietic cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning
Authors: Tania N. Masmas, Søren L. Petersen, Hans O. Madsen, Lars P. Ryder, Brian Kornblit, Arne Svejgaard, Pernille Andersen, Ebbe Dickmeiss, Lars L. Vindeløv
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Graft rejection after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with nonmyeloablative conditioning is a rare but serious clinical problem. Graft rejection and salvage therapy in eight patients in a retrospective analysis of 124 consecutive patients is reported. The patients were conditioned with low-dose fludarabine and total body irradiation (TBI). The association of pretransplantation risk factors with rejection and the effect of chimerism and graft-versus-host disease on rejection were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were compared between patients with and without rejection. Retransplantation was performed with increased TBI conditioning for all patients, and with increased mycophenolate mofetil doses for recipients with HLA-identical sibling donors. No known pretransplantation risk factors were confirmed in this study. Rejection episodes were unevenly distributed over time. The storage temperature of the apheresis products was identified as a risk factor for rejection. Storage of the apheresis products at 5 degrees C diminished the risk of rejection. Low donor T cell chimerism at Day +14 significantly increased the risk of rejection. Seven patients were retransplanted. All but one engrafted successfully, but with decreased OS and PFS. Two patients received pentostatin infusion prior to donor lymphocyte infusions in unsuccessful attempts at reversing rejection. Storage temperature and donor chimerism had a significant effect on rejection. Following rejection, patients are at greater risk of dying from infections and progression/relapse of their malignancy. Retransplantation is feasible and well tolerated after HCT with nonmyeloablative conditioning and should be performed without delay in patients with imminent and manifest graft rejection.
Pocket Computers in Critical Care
Authors: Manning Hanline
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Cottrell and colleagues described a microcomputer for clinical application in intensive care units (1982;248:2289). Pocket computers might be more practical for hospitals that do not have resources to buy costly systems. They have been used to calculate derived cardiovascular and pulmonary variables for critically ill trauma patients (J. S. Britten, MD, unpublished observation, 1982). Programs may be designed by physicians from formulas in the critical care literature.<sup>1</sup>
Effect of nephrectomy on the rate and pattern of the disappearance of exogenous gastrin in dogs
Authors: B. G. Clendinnen, D. D. Reeder, E. N. Brandt, J. C. Thompson
Journal: Gut (1973)

Studies of gastrin metabolism were performed in four dogs before and after nephrectomy. Synthetic human gastrin I was infused for two hours and serum samples were obtained at various times during and after infusion. Serum concentrations of gastrin were measured by radioimmunoassay. A two-compartment model was employed to calculate half-lives under each of four experimental conditions, low and high infusion rates, used both before and after nephrectomy. The model half-life was greatly prolonged after nephrectomy at both infusion rates (from 2.54 min to 5.15 min at the low rate, and from 2.85 min to 7.88 min at the high rate). The metabolic clearance rate, an expression of the rate of catabolism during infusion, decreased significantly after nephrectomy at both infusion rates. These observations indicate that the kidney is an important organ for the catabolism of exogenous gastrin.
Thyroid-induced alterations in myocardial sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase, monovalent cation active transport, and cardiac glycoside binding.
Authors: G D Curfman, T J Crowley, T W Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The effects of thyroid hormone on guinea pig myocardial NaK-ATPase activity, transmembrane monovalent cation active transport, and cardiac glycoside binding were were examined. NaK-ATPase activities of left atrial and left ventricular homogenates of control and triiodothyronine (T3)-treated animals were determined, and compared to activities of skeletal muscle and liver. T3 administration was associated with a significant increase of 18% in left atrial and left ventricular NaK-ATPase specific activities. This increment was less than that noted in skeletal muscle (+42%) and liver (+30%). To determine if enhanced NaK-ATPase activity was accompanied by increased monovalent cation active transport, in vitro 86Rb+ uptake by left atrial strips and hemidiaphragms was measured. Transition from the euthyroid to the hyperthyroid state resulted in a 68% increase in active 86Rb+ uptake by left atrium, and a 62% increase in active uptake by diaphragm. Passive 86Rb+ uptake was not affected in either tissue. Ouabain binding by atrial and ventricular homogenates of T3-treated animals was increased by 19 and 17%, respectively, compared to controls, in close agreement with thyroid-induced increments in NaK-ATPase activiey. Taken together, these results are consistent with enhanced myocardial NaK-ATPase activity and monovalent cation activt transport due to an increase in the number of functional enzyme complexes.