tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypoxic preconditioning attenuates stunning caused by repeated coronary artery occlusions in dog heart
Authors: Y. Shizukuda, T. Iwamoto, R. T Mallet, H F. Downey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to test whether a brief period of non-ischaemic hypoxia can attenuate cardiac contractile dysfunction, ie, “stunning”, due to repeated coronary artery occlusions. Methods: 20 anaesthetised dogs underwent six 5 min occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery with intervening 10 min reperfusions, prior to 90 min reperfusion. In the treated group (n=9), hearts were preconditioned by 5 min extracorporeal left anterior perfusion with severely hypoxic blood [02 content 14(SEM 3) ml·litre−1] followed by 10 min reperfusion, prior to the repeated coronary occlusions. Controls (n=9) were sham preconditioned by 5 min extracorporeal perfusion with normoxic blood [O2 content 179(7) ml·litre−1]. Regional contractile function was assessed by systolic segmental shortening measured by microsonometry. Regional myocardial oxygen consumption, an index of ATP utilisation, was measured in these protocols to evaluate the hypothesis that reduction of myocardial energy demand could be a mechanism of hypoxic preconditioning. Results: Hypoxic preconditioning slightly decreased systolic segmental shortening [64.1(9.5)% of baseline at 10 min reoxygenation v 85.5(6.5)% for control, p<0.05]. In contrast, 5 min coronary occlusion in controls produced more marked cardiodepression [segmental shortening 33.5(10.1)% of baseline at 10 min reperfusion; p<0.05 v 10 min reoxygenation in the hypoxic-preconditioned group]. Systolic shortening was preserved in hypoxic-preconditioned hearts as compared to controls during each 10 min reperfusion period. Furthermore, functional recovery at 90 min reperfusion after the last occlusion in hypoxic preconditioned hearts was more complete than in control hearts, at 40.8(13.1)% v -16.1(14.4)%; p<0.05. However, myocardial oxygen consumption was not suppressed by hypoxic preconditioning. Conclusions: Five minutes of hypoxic preconditioning attenuated contractile dysfunction due to repeated brief ischaemia/reperfusion stress. This protective effect was not due to the suppression of myocardial energy demand. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:559-564
Doctors call for countries to step up the fight against rheumatic heart disease
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Greater efforts are needed to prevent rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a meeting at the World Health Assembly was told last week. 

Largely eradicated in wealthy countries as a result of effective treatment of its cause, rheumatic fever, RHD remains the commonest acquired heart disease in children in the developing world—“a disease of poverty that kills children, adolescents, and young people in their most productive years,” said K Srinath Reddy, president of the World Heart Federation.

RHD is estimated to cause one death every two minutes, but research interest and funding have diminished since the ending of the Global Programme on rheumatic fever and RHD in 2001. …
INTRAMOLECULAR DISTRIBUTION OF URIC ACID-N15 AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF GLYCINE-N15 AND AMMONIUM-N15 CHLORIDE TO GOUTY AND NONGOUTY SUBJECTS*
Authors: A. B. Gutman, T. F. Yü, M. Adler, N. B. Javitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Data on the intramolecular distribution of the isotope incorporated into uric acid in normal man were recorded in one subject given glycine-N15 by Shemin and Rittenberg (12) who found that most of the uric acid-N15 appeared at N-7 but that a substantial proportion, increasing from 23 per cent on day 1 to 41 per cent on day 14, was present also in the remaining nitrogens, 1, 3, and 9 (Figure 1).1 The predominant N'5 enrichment of N-7 indicated that glycine contributes N-7 (and C-4 and C-5) of the uric acid molecule (Figure 1), by a reaction now known to combine intact glycine with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-amine to form glycinamide ribonucleotide (11).The N15 en- richment of the three remaining nitrogen atoms implied that appreciable quantities of nitrogen de- rived from glycine are utilized in normal man to provide N-9 and N-3 by way of the amide nitro- gen of glutamine, and N-1 through the amino nitrogen of aspartic acid (11) (Figure 1).Recent studies with glycine-1-C14-N'5 suggest that these latter more indirect metabolic pathways for utilization of glycine nitrogen-i.e., involving other than direct incorporation of intact glycinemay be of even greater quantitative importance in uric acid formation in gout (8).When glycine-1-C'4-N'5 was administered to two gouty uric acid "overexcretors," not only was incorporation of both N15 and C14 greater than normal but the N'5/C'4 ratios obtained ranged from about 2.0 to 3.0, as compared with normal ratios of 1.3 to 1.7 calculated from the data of Shemin and Rittenberg (12) 2 and 1.4 to 1.7 and 1.6 to 2.0 found in two nongouty subjects (8).N15/C14 1 Seegmiller, Laster and Stetten (J.biol.Chem. 1955, 216, 653) likewise demonstrated N"5-(7+9)/N15-(1+3) ratios of about 5 on the second day after glycine-N1' ad- ministration to two normal human subjects.
On the Role of Surface Tension in the Pathophysiology of Emphysema
Authors: Edward P. Ingenito, Larry W. Tsai, Arnab Majumdar, Bela Suki
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Pulmonary emphysema is a disease that is characterized, if not defined, by the destruction of lung parenchyma (1). This destruction is believed to result principally from the damaging effects of proteolytic enzymes and free radicals generated within the alveolar compartment in response to noxious stimuli. Other factors, including epithelial and endothelial cell apoptosis, incomplete lung remodeling in response to tissue injury, and mechanical forces, may also contribute (2, 3). Over many years, parenchymal destruction and incomplete healing result in loss of tissue collagen and elastin, enlargement of alveolar airspaces, and, ultimately, the classic physiologic characteristics of advanced emphysema: hyperinflation, loss of elastic recoil at a given lung volume, loss of surface area for gas exchange, and severe flow limitation. Because the major histologic difference between the normal lung and the emphysema lung is loss of lung parenchyma, it is logical to conclude that the physiology of emphysema is mechanically determined by loss of the tissue component of recoil. However, in the normal lung, recoil pressure decreases by 50 to 60% in the fluid-filled state, indicating that surface tension contributes substantially to lung recoil at any given pressure (4, 5). An obvious question is whether the same is true in the emphysema lung. Although emphysema is not primarily a disorder of surfactant, reflection on the critical role of surface tension in the normal lung indicates that an alteration in the physiologic effects of surface tension and the surfactant monolayer on overall lung recoil must occur in the emphysema lung. Otherwise one might naively expect that recoil pressure in emphysema could never decrease below one half to two thirds of normal. Why ask this question? Emphysema is irreversible destruction of lung tissue. Does it really matter whether surface tension contributes 30, 50, or 70% of recoil, or whether this percentage changes as disease progresses? For reasons outlined later, we believe the answer is a resounding “yes.” If surface tension does contribute significantly, surface-active agents designed to safely and favorably modulate surface tension might be used to increase recoil in emphysema.
564 Latex allergy: Comparison of IgE immune responses to latex proteins in latex-allergic patients from 7 hospitals in Europe, US and Canada
Authors: T REUNALA, K TURJANMAA, V KURUP, J YUNGINGER, F STORRS, G SUSSMAN, M GOLD, T FUCHS, D VERVLOET, T PALOSUO
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES
Authors: Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

By means of vital staining with indicators a study has been made of the changes in reaction and in certain other attributes of a tissue abruptly rendered ischemic. Grafts of mouse skin have been employed as test material. It has been found that almost at once after implantation vigorous grafts become notably acid as compared with the normal skin and that they survive and "take" despite the acid condition, which remains at a maximum for several days. Weak or injured grafts on the contrary tend to be as alkaline as their surroundings, if not more so. Through experiments directed to the purpose reasons for this difference have been found in the lessened metabolic activities of the cells of the injured skin, and in an increased permeability which leads to a generalized suffusion of the damaged tissue with the alkaline lymph and an abnormally rapid escape of carbon dioxide from it. The influence of these factors to determine the reaction of tissues dying within the body has not been sufficiently taken into account in considering the chemical changes that occur after cell death, and some revision of current views regarding these as they affect small necrotic masses would seem called for. Carbon dioxide penetrates so readily into the living skin as to cause some local increase in the hydrogen ion concentration within cutaneous regions exposed to an atmosphere of it, even when the local circulation and the ventilation by way of the lungs have not been interfered with. It penetrates injured skin with especially great ease. Tissue acidosis and edema not infrequently occur together; but no relationship between them of cause and effect has been made out.
Release of endothelin from the porcine aorta. Inhibition by endothelium-derived nitric oxide.
Authors: C Boulanger, T F Lüscher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

This study was designed to examine whether endothelin is released from the intima of intact arteries, and whether endothelium-derived nitric oxide regulates its production. Endothelin was detected in the incubating medium of unstimulated pig aortae with, but not in those without endothelium. In preparations with endothelium, thrombin (2-6 U/ml) and the calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-6) M) stimulated the release of the peptide. The basal and thrombin-stimulated production of endothelin were prevented by the protein synthetase inhibitor cycloheximide (10(-6) M). The production of endothelin upon stimulation with thrombin (4 U/ml) was potentiated by L-NG-monomethyl arginine and methylene blue and reduced by superoxide dismutase and 8-bromo cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP), while the basal release of the peptide was unaffected. Thus, (a) endothelin is released from the intimal layer of intact blood vessels, both under basal conditions and after stimulation with thrombin and the calcium ionophore A23187, and (b) endothelium-derived nitric oxide released during stimulation with thrombin inhibits the production of the peptide via a cyclic GMP-dependent pathway.
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS IN A CASE OF CERVICAL FISTULA
Authors: A. Eddowes
Journal: BMJ (1920)

I TuAL BJmUR amouinting only to 1.85 per cent.The oxygen was continued, and the next day the patient had the crisis.CAsE III.-Acutte Exacerbation of Chrontic Bronchitis.This patient was suffering from an acute exacerbation of a chronic bronchitis associated with moderate cardiac failure.There was slight orthopnoea and cyanosis, with an irregular distribution.The hands and ears were purplish in hue, while the lips were onily slightly so.The arterial blood was unl- saturated with oxygen to 10 9 per cent.Two litres of oxygen
Operative Surgery: Principles and Techniques
Authors: Nathan P. Couch
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Over the last 20 years, the size, weight, and number of surgical textbooks has expanded in parallel with the expansion of surgical technology. Despite the morbid obesity that afflicts so many medical and surgical texts, Dr Nora and the other 120 authors of this book have managed somehow to limit his third edition still to just one, only slightly overweight, volume. For that, among other things, they should be commended. As stated in the preface, "The book is intended to be a guide for the surgeon in training faced with the selection of an operative procedure, including review of all operative steps, cautions, pitfalls, and the like. It should also be of value as a review for senior surgeons who are contemplating a procedure less frequently performed." In my opinion, it succeeds admirably, and I would even submit that, except for its price, it is suitable for third- or fourth-year
Alleviation of polyarticular syndrome in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with intravenous zoledronate
Authors: C P Mavragani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

A 67 year old previously healthy women presented with a 12 month history of generalised symmetric arthralgias and bilateral hand contractures. Her past medical history was unremarkable, except for heavy smoking.

On physical examination, she had tight incapacitating flexion contractures of both hands, and small cutaneous non-tender well circumscribed nodules (3–6 mm diameter) on the dorsum of the fingers and over the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints (fig 1). A symmetric polyarthritis affecting the shoulders, elbows, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, and the knees was prominent. Blood counts, biochemical profile and inflammatory markers, antinuclear antibodies, and rheumatoid factor were within normal limits. A hand x ray examination showed erosive deforming arthropathy of the styloid processes. Biopsy samples of a skin nodule and of synovial membrane disclosed …
Torture and Its Consequences: Current Treatment Approaches
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1993)

"The prison doctor was the interrogator's and executioner's right-hand man. The beaten prisoner would come on the floor only to hear the doctor's voice: 'You can continue, the pulse is normal.' After a prisoner's five days and five nights in a punishment cell, the doctor inspects the frozen, naked body and says 'You can continue.' "<sup>1</sup>That one person can harm another so severely, whether mentally or physically, truly represents the "satanization" of man. There is something monstrously obscene that a book such as<i>Torture and Its Consequences</i>can be written about contemporary behavior. Perhaps it might have belonged to the flesh-scourging era of Cortés in Mexico or the Nazi Holocaust, but can it really apply to civilized people nearing the 21st century? The definition of torture can be found in the United Nations declaration of December 9, 1975, and also the 1984 UN convention against torture, which, as described
Global spending on health research still skewed towards wealthy nations
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Despite the tripling of the global spend on health research over the past decade, most research and development spending is still done by, for, and in countries with high income, a new report from the Global Forum for Health Research has found.

The world's annual spend on health research rose from $30bn (£16bn; €24bn) to almost $106bn between 1990 and 2001, says the report Monitoring Financial Flows for Health Research , published this week.

Almost half the money came from the commercial sector, but the public sector contributed 44%, a sizeable chunk of which comes from …
A method for the assay of topical corticosteroids*
Authors: R. MARKS, D. PONGSEHIRUN, T. SAYLAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article A method for the assay of topical corticosteroids Get access R. MARKS, R. MARKS Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. PONGSEHIRUN, D. PONGSEHIRUN Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. SAYLAN T. SAYLAN Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 88, Issue 1, 1 January 1973, Pages 69–74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb06674.x Published: 01 January 1973 Article history Accepted: 04 July 1972 Published: 01 January 1973
Redirected Antitumor Activity of Primary Human Lymphocytes Transduced With a Fully Human Anti-mesothelin Chimeric Receptor
Authors: Evripidis Lanitis, Mathilde Poussin, Ian S Hagemann, George Coukos, Raphael Sandaltzopoulos, Nathalie Scholler, Daniel J Powell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Cancer regression by gene-modified T cells bearing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) exodomain of mouse origin can be limited by the induction of transgene immunogenicity resulting in poor persistence and function in vivo. The development of functionally-active CAR of human origin can address this issue. Here, we constructed and evaluated fully human anti-mesothelin CARs comprised of a human mesothelin-specific single-chain antibody variable fragment (P4 scFv) coupled to T cell signaling domains. Primary human T cells expressing P4 CAR specifically produced proinflammatory cytokines, degranulated and exerted potent cytolytic functions when cultured with mesothelin-expressing tumors in vitro. P4 CAR T cells also mediated bystander killing of mesothelin-negative cancer cells during coculture. CAR reactivity was not abrogated by soluble tumor-secreted or recombinant mesothelin protein even at supraphysiological levels. Importantly, adoptive transfer of P4 CAR-expressing T cells mediated the regression of large, established tumor in the presence of soluble mesothelin in a xenogenic model of human ovarian cancer. Thus, primary human T cells expressing fully human anti-mesothelin CAR efficiently kill mesothelin-expressing tumors in vitro and in vivo and have the potential to overcome the issue of transgene immunogenicity that may limit CAR T cell trials that utilize scFvs of mouse origin.
Evaluation of allergic lung inflammation by computed tomography in a rat model in vivo
Authors: B. N. Jobse, J. R. Johnson, T. H. Farncombe, R. Labiris, T. D. Walker, S. Goncharova, M. Jordana
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The ability of micro-computed tomography (CT) to noninvasively evaluate allergic pulmonary inflammation in an experimental model was investigated. In addition, two image segmentation methods and the value of respiratory gating were investigated in the context of this model. Brown Norway rats were exposed to one of four doses of house dust mite (HDM) extract (0, 0.15, 15 or 150 μg) delivered intratracheally every 24 h for 10 days. CT scanning was performed at baseline and after several longitudinal HDM exposures. Both thoracic- and lung-segmentation methods yielded similar results when standardisation practices were employed. While tissue histology correlated well with CT images, cell counts from bronchoalveolar lavage depicted greater inflammation than did density measures from CT images. Evidence from representative CT slices and transaxial density distribution indicated that inflammation was primarily associated with major airways and extended into the periphery from these focal points. Respiratory gating demonstrated that images of the inspiratory state provided greater contrast of inflammatory processes. Lastly, decreases in tidal volumes indicated significant mechanical respiratory changes in animals exposed to both 15 and 150 μg. In summary, CT image segmentation can extract pertinent data on in vivo allergic airway/lung inflammation. Furthermore, respiratory gating provides additional contrast and insight into these quantification practices.
Abstract 4893: Microfluidic biochip for the label-free isolation of viablecirculating tumor cells from cancer patients
Authors: Swee Jin Tan, Peng Fei Chen, Wan Teck Lim, Chwee Teck Lim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found in the peripheral blood of metastatic cancer patients are rare and this makes them hard to detect. However, the detection and enumeration of CTCs can potentially be used to indicate the severity of the disease or for prognostic and treatment monitoring purposes. Retrieval of viable CTCs can also aid in the study of the phenotypic and genotypic expressions of cancer cells. We developed an effective label-free detection and isolation of viable CTCs using a microfluidic device that utilizes the unique differences in size and deformability between cancer cells and blood cells. The use of microfluidics also allows the flow conditions to be accurately controlled to achieve an effective and efficient isolation of CTCs. By placing crescent shaped microstructures, termed cell traps, in the path of blood flow in a microchannel, the larger and stiffer CTCs are easily trapped while the blood cells are quickly removed. By reversing the flow, we are able to dislodge and retrieve the trapped CTCs. Using whole blood samples obtained from metastatic lung and kidney cancer patients, we achieved successful detection and separation of CTCs. Here, there is no need for pre-preparation such as staining, tagging or dilution of blood samples as whole blood taken from patient is directly processed in the biochip. The biochip is optically transparent and allows for direct observation using an inverted microscope and for in situ immunofluorescence staining to confirm the presence of CTCs. Here, we successfully demonstrated the detection and isolation of viable CTCs from cancer patients using the differences in size and deformability of cancer cells and blood cells. This CTC separation process is also label free and will address concerns linked to affinity based isolation methods. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4893. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4893
Gonorrhea in the Obstetric Clinic
Authors: David S. Friendly
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Cave et al (<b>210:</b>309, 1969) emphasized the high rate of positive cultures for<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>in both obstetric and gynecologic populations. Other recent investigations<sup>1-4</sup>in North American prepartum clinics have likewise revealed high rates of infection. Cave et al rightly point out the advisability of routine testing whenever pelvic examinations are done on female patients. Not mentioned by the authors, however, is one of the most important reasons to routinely test prepartum patients, ie, to protect the eyes of their unborn babies. The worldwide increase in gonorrhea is creating conditions favorable for an increase in gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum. Since no comprehensive surveys have been undertaken and since gonorrheal ophthalmia is not always reported to public health agencies, it is difficult to know if the anticipated rise in gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum is actually occurring. However, several institutions have reported increased numbers of cases in recent years.