tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial of 2-Guanidinomethyl (1,4) Benzodioxan (Compound 1003)
Authors: W. S. Peart, M. T. MacMahon
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Gastric biopsy showed that superficial gastritis was common during an attack of ulcerative colitis, although not seen in any specimens taken from five patients who were symptom-free.The possible mechanisms and the practical significance of these changes in the small intestine and the stomach during an attack of ulcerative colitis are briefly discussed.We wish to thank Dr. T.
Spatial distributions of Kv4 channels and KChip2 isoforms in the murine heart based on laser capture microdissection
Authors: Christine Teutsch, Richard P. Kondo, Dorothy A. Dederko, Jacqueline Chrast, Kenneth R. Chien, Wayne R. Giles
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Regional differences in repolarizing K(+) current densities and expression levels of their molecular components are important for coordinating the pattern of electrical excitation and repolarization of the heart. The small size of hearts from mice may obscure these interventricular and/or transmural expression differences of K(+) channels. We have examined this possibility in adult mouse ventricle using a technology that provides very high spatial resolution of tissue collection.Conventional manual dissection and laser capture microdissection (LCM) were utilized to dissect tissue from distinct ventricular regions. RNA was isolated from epicardial, mid-myocardial and endocardial layers of both the right and left ventricles. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the transcript expression in these different regions.LCM revealed significant interventricular and transmural gradients for both Kv4.2 and the alpha-subunit of KChIP2. The expression profile of a second K(+) channel transcript, Kir2.1, which is responsible for the inwardly rectifying K(+) current I(k1), showed no interventricular or transmural gradients and therefore served as a negative control.Our findings are in contrast to previous reports of a relatively uniform left ventricular transmural pattern of expression of Kv4.2, Kv4.3 and KChIP2 in adult mouse heart, which appear to be different than that in larger mammals. Specifically, our results demonstrate significant epi- to endocardial differences in the patterns of expression of both Kv4.2 and KChIP2.
Margaret McCartney: Industry's interest in diagnosing more dementia
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The ongoing charge is that dementia is being underdiagnosed. The UK Alzheimer’s Society’s chief said recently, “By next year, 850 000 people in the UK will have dementia . . . we will not [stand by while] over 400 000 people living with [undiagnosed] dementia are left in the dark.”1 And the health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, has said that “for too long diagnosis rates have been shockingly low.”2

But what is dementia’s true prevalence? The first Cognitive Function and Ageing Study predicted that 8.3% of over 65s would have dementia by 2011. A 2013 follow-up, however, found an actual prevalence of 6.5%.3 This translates to 670 000 cases in England and Wales, rather than an expected 884 000.

The Alzheimer’s Society does not use this real world evidence, though. Instead it commissioned a report using Delphi methods to estimate a prevalence of 7.1%.4 This uses expert views …
Wt1 is required for cardiovascular progenitor cell formation through transcriptional control of Snail and E-cadherin
Authors: Ofelia M Martínez-Estrada, Laura A Lettice, Abdelkader Essafi, Juan Antonio Guadix, Joan Slight, Víctor Velecela, Emma Hall, Judith Reichmann, Paul S Devenney, Peter Hohenstein, Naoki Hosen, Robert E Hill, Ramón Muñoz-Chapuli, Nicholas D Hastie
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Biodegradable poly(dl-lactic acid) formulations in a calcitonin delivery system
Authors: Masaharu Asano, Masaru Yoshida, Hideki Omichi, Tooru Mashimo, Kazuhiko Okabe, Hisako Yuasa, Hidetoshi Yamanaka, Seiki Morimoto, Hideo Sakakibara
Journal: Biomaterials (1993)
1102. Stable, Non-Viral Gene Transfer to Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Using the Sleeping Beauty Transposon
Authors: Sarah Nightingale, Roger P. Hollis, Karen Pepper, Donald B. Kohn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Primary hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), capable of repopulating the entire hematopoietic and immune system with the full complement of cell types, are an attractive target for gene therapy strategies to treat diseases of blood cells. Gene modification of a patient's HSC could be used for autologous transplantation to treat inherited genetic disorders, including Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) and other immune deficiencies. Non-viral strategies have become available for gene transfer into cells that result in integration of therapeutic gene cassettes. For example, Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposes directly from one DNA locus to another through the activity of the transposase enzyme recognizing and performing excision and integration of the DNA sequences between specific inverted repeat (IR) sequences of the transposon. Transposase-mediated integration of the IR-flanked expression cassette into chromosomes provides the basis for long-term transgene expression. Here we used the transposon-based gene delivery strategy composed of a two plasmid system: a plasmid containing the SB transposase gene (for transient production of the transposase), and a second plasmid containing an expression cassette with a reporter gene flanked by the SB IR (inverted repeat) sequences. For this study, we evaluated the potential use of the SB transposon system to deliver genes in a stable manner to human hematopoietic cells by electroporation using the Amaxa nucleoporator. One plasmid carrying an enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) reporter cassette (to facilitate FACS analysis of resultant cells) flanked by the SB IR sequences for permanent integration into the target cell chromosomes was co-nucleoporated with a second plasmid carrying the SB transposase expression cassette. We first used the K562 human erythro-leukemia cell line to optimize several parameters of gene delivery, achieving high levels (50-80%) of stable gene integration with optimal amounts and ratios of the two plasmids. Southern analysis of K562 clonal populations showed that 1 to 6 copies of the transposon can be detected. We then nucleoporated the SB-based system into human CD34+ progenitor cells isolated from umbilical cord blood and achieved initial gene transfer to these primary cells at moderate levels (10-30%) that led to stable expression of the reporter gene (1-4%). Results from these studies demonstrate the potential for using the SB transposon system for gene therapy using HSC.
Syk Tyrosine Kinase and B Cell Antigen Receptor (BCR) Immunoglobulin-α Subunit Determine BCR-mediated Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II–restricted Antigen Presentation
Authors: Danielle Lankar, Volker Briken, Kristin Adler, Peter Weiser, Sylvanie Cassard, Ulrich Blank, Mireille Viguier, Christian Bonnerot
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Stimulation of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells requires the degradation of exogenous antigens into antigenic peptides which associate with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules in endosomal or lysosomal compartments. B lymphocytes mediate efficient antigen presentation first by capturing soluble antigens through clonally distributed antigen receptors (BCRs), composed of membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) associated with Ig-α/Ig-β heterodimers which, second, target antigens to MHC class II–containing compartments. We report that antigen internalization and antigen targeting through the BCR or its Ig-α–associated subunit to newly synthesized class II lead to the presentation of a large spectrum of T cell epitopes, including some cryptic T cell epitopes. To further characterize the intracellular mechanisms of BCR-mediated antigen presentation, we used two complementary experimental approaches: mutational analysis of the Ig-α cytoplasmic tail, and overexpression in B cells of dominant negative syk mutants. Thus, we found that the syk tyrosine kinase, an effector of the BCR signal transduction pathway, is involved in the presentation of peptide– MHC class II complexes through antigen targeting by BCR subunits.
The Fat Embolism Syndrome
Authors: Harry R. Gossling
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The fat embolism syndrome is a symptom complex of acute respiratory failure after long-bone fractures. It is thought to be caused by deposition of embolic fat within the pulmonary capillaries, resulting in a capillary leak within the lung. The source of the embolic fat appears to be marrow fat. Alterations in circulating free fatty acids, increases in fibrin split products, and increases in platelet adhesiveness have been observed to occur in this syndrome and probably play an important part in the production of the pulmonary lesion. The signs and symptoms of the syndrome are hypoxemia, tachypnea, petechiae, fever, altered sensorium, and chest roentgenograms similar to signs of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Early recognition is facilitated by monitoring of arterial blood gas levels for hypoxemia. Treatment is directed at ARDS using graduated oxygen therapy and steroids. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2740-2742, 1979)
Relevance of IgE binding to short peptides for the allergenic activity of food allergens
Authors: Melanie Albrecht, Yvonne Kühne, Barbara K. Ballmer-Weber, Wolf-Meinhard Becker, Thomas Holzhauser, Iris Lauer, Andreas Reuter, Stefanie Randow, Sabine Falk, Andrea Wangorsch, Jonas Lidholm, Gerald Reese, Stefan Vieths
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Letter: Doctors, contraception, and sterilisation.
Authors: P W Lambden
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Mr. A.R. Hill's letter (July 31, p. 303) concerning the vocation of doctors seems to introduce a fundamental issue regarding their function in modern-day practice. I had always understood that the purpose of the family physician is to offer total patient care. Naturally this includes the prevention and treatment of disease and injury, but surely it includes much more. The right to avoid an unwanted pregnancy must surely be available to any woman or couple, and I cannot believe that any general practitioner would abrogate this responsibility (other than on genuine religious grounds) to any other member of the community such as a chemist or nurse. The side effects of the oral contraceptives are many and may be serious, and the community doctor is in an ideal position to be consulted should untoward reactions occur. Even where religious beliefs preclude prescription or advice on contraception, usually the caring general practitioner is able to make alternative arrangements with another doctor or a family planning clinic. With reference to the 2nd part of the letter, vasectomy is a quick, efficient procedure to render the male sterile. It is a very satisfactory method of absolute contraception in those cases where the family is complete. If in Dr. Hill's experience the operation seems to be mutilating, then I fear that the surgeons he has encountered are not of a high standard. Please do not let us remember only the sick and infirm. There are also the unlucky, the unfortunate, and the unhappy. It is often these latter groups that medicine can help most.
Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: An Update of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Tracy Wolff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common birth defects in the United States. In 1996, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended that all women planning a pregnancy or capable of conception take a supplement containing folic acid to reduce the risk for NTDs. Purpose: To search for new evidence published since 1996 on the benefits and harms of folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects in offspring, to inform an updated USPSTF recommendation. Data Sources: MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials searches from January 1995 through December 2008, recent systematic reviews, reference lists of retrieved articles, and expert suggestions. Study Selection: English-language randomized, controlled trials; cohort studies; case–control studies; systematic reviews; and meta-analyses were selected if they provided information on the benefits and harms of folic acid supplementation in women of childbearing age to reduce NTDs in offspring. Data Extraction: All studies were reviewed, abstracted, and rated for quality by using predefined USPSTF criteria. Data Synthesis: Four observational studies reported benefit of reduction of risk for NTDs associated with folic acid–containing supplements. Differences in study type and methods prevent the calculation of a summary of the reduction in risk. The one included study on harms reported that the association of twinning with folic acid intake disappeared after adjustment for in vitro fertilization and underreporting of folic acid intake. Limitations: The evidence on dose was limited. No evidence was found on the potential harm of masking vitamin B12 deficiency in women of childbearing age. The search focused on the association of NTDs with supplementation only and therefore does not provide a comprehensive review of the effects of folic acid on all possible outcomes or of the effects of dietary intake of folic acid. Conclusion: New observational evidence supports previous evidence from a randomized, controlled trial that folic acid–containing supplements reduce the risk for NTD-affected pregnancies. The association of folic acid use with twin gestation may be confounded by fertility interventions.
SOME AMUSING INSTANCES OF NASAL REFLEX.
Authors: ARTHUR G. HOBBS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

It was not without some misgivings that I thus christened this little paper, because some might regard it as a too flippant manner of approaching so scientific a subject as nerve reflexes; a subject fraught with such subtilties and as yet so suggestive of unknown quantities. Also because there may be others who can never look upon nature's phenomena as amusing, however, vagarious and unexpected they may at first appear. While these instances of nerve reflex manifestations that I have dared to call amusing are no more wonderful than many others somewhat similar but more familiar to us all by reason of their frequent occurrence, nevertheless for this very reason, together with the particular organs involved, many of us at first can not avoid seeing the ludicrous side, however easy the scientific explanations, by analogy, may seem. Familiarity with frequent recurrences of nature's perversions does not breed contempt, but it
April 12, 1955 — Tommy Francis and the Salk Vaccine
Authors: Howard Markel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

April 12, 1955, was supposed to be Tommy Francis's day. At 10:20 a.m., the distinguished epidemiologist was scheduled to conduct an international press conference in Rackham Auditorium at the University of Michigan. The topic was the field trial he had just completed — the largest of its kind ever — evaluating the efficacy of the poliovirus vaccine developed by Jonas Salk at the University of Pittsburgh.It is hardly hyperbole to note that the speech by Dr. Thomas Francis, Jr., was eagerly awaited by most of the world.1 Few diseases were capable of arousing more fear than poliomyelitis. Almost every . . .
Phthalates in Indoor Dust and Their Association with Building Characteristics
Authors: Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Björn Lundgren, Charles J. Weschler, Torben Sigsgaard, Linda Hagerhed-Engman, Jan Sundell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In a recent study of 198 Swedish children with persistent allergic symptoms and 202 controls without such symptoms, we reported associations between the symptoms and the concentrations of n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in dust taken from the childrens' bedrooms. In the present study we examined associations between the concentrations of different phthalate esters in the dust from these bedrooms and various characteristics of the home. The study focused on BBzP and DEHP because these were the phthalates associated with health complaints. Associations have been examined using parametric and nonparametric tests as well as multiple logistic regression. For both BBzP and DEHP, we found associations between their dust concentrations and the amount of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used as flooring and wall material in the home. Furthermore, high concentrations of BBzP (above median) were associated with self-reported water leakage in the home, and high concentrations of DEHP were associated with buildings constructed before 1960. Other associations, as well as absence of associations, are reported. Both BBzP and DEHP were found in buildings with neither PVC flooring nor wall covering, consistent with the numerous additional plasticized materials that are anticipated to be present in a typical home. The building characteristics examined in this study cannot serve as complete proxies for these quite varied sources. However, the associations reported here can help identify homes where phthalate concentrations are likely to be elevated and can aid in developing mitigation strategies.
Is consciousness of perception really separable from perception?
Authors: Martha J. Farah
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Although not the main point of his target article, Block defends the view that perception and awareness of perception could be functions of different brain systems. I will argue that the available data do not support this view, and that Block's defense of the view rests on problematic eonstruals of the “executive system” and of the components of information-processing models.
HEMOTHORAX COMPLICATING HEPARIN THERAPY
Authors: John W. Keyes
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Heparin has been used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of various conditions involving thrombosis and embolism. One of the most frequent uses of heparin has been in preventing postoperative embolism with pulmonary infarction. The following report is of a complication resulting from the use of this substance for this condition. That such a complication has not been reported previously is rather surprising when one considers the physiologic changes of coagulation and the pathologic changes of pulmonary infarction. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> M. G., a Negress aged 30, was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of uterine fibromyomas. A supravaginal hysterectomy was done with the patient under ethylene and ether anesthesia. After the fifth postoperative day she continued to have daily elevations in temperature, her temperature ranging from 100 to 101 F. There was a proportionate increase in the pulse rate but no leukocytosis. She was asymptomatic, and there were
French investigation launched into "transplant trade"
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

An investigation into the possible illegal origin of organs for transplantation, particularly corneas, has been prompted in France by a letter of protest from a dozen doctors to the Conseil de 1‘Ordre des Medecins, the French medical association. The letter points out that more than 1000 public hospital patients are waiting for corneal transplants, while some are treated in private clinics that purchase corneas from foreign banks.

Unconfirmed reports have indicated that some of the corneas have reached France through illegal channels. Dr Philippe DousteBlazy, the minister delegate of health, has decided to launch an investigation in order …
Inhibition of rat hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth after multiple infusions of recombinant Ad.AFPtk followed by ganciclovir treatment
Authors: Antonio Sa Cunha, Eric Bonte, Sylvie Dubois, Yves Chrétien, Tatyana Eraiser, Claude Degott, Christian Bréchot, Phuong-Lan Tran
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Seven Come Eleven
Authors: Walter R. Sabiston
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With the introduction of different types of tracheotomy tubes and the incorporation of the metric scale, it has become a hospital-wide communication problem to obtain the right size tracheotomy tube for the patient. I have obviated this with the use of the familiar gaming expression "seven come eleven" (Figure). A No. 7 Jackson tube is equivalent to an 11-mm Portex tube, Bivona tube, or any type tube with millimeter sizes. Once this is known, the progression up or down is 1 mm, so that a No. 8 Jackson is 12 mm and a No. 9 Jackson is 13 mm (both sizes refer to the external diameter of the tube). The Jackson conversion table is as follows: Jackson size 4 5 6<b>7</b>8 9 10 11 Internal diameter, mm 8 9 10<b>11</b>12 13 14 15 In addition, one may multiply the millimeter size by three
Prognostic Subgroups in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Defined by Specific Chromosomal Abnormalities
Authors: Gunnar Juliusson, David G. Oscier, Margaret Fitchett, Fiona M. Ross, George Stockdill, Michael J. Mackie, Alistair C. Parker, Gian Luigi Castoldi, Antonio Cuneo, Sakari Knuutila, Erkki Elonen, Gösta Gahrton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Specific chromosomal abnormalities have been shown to affect the overall survival of patients with acute leukemia, but the possibility that specific chromosomal defects may influence the course of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is controversial. We assessed this possibility as follows: blood mononuclear cells from 433 patients with B-cell CLL in five European centers were cultured with B-cell mitogens, and banded metaphases were studied.
Smad7 binds to the adaptors TAB2 and TAB3 to block recruitment of the kinase TAK1 to the adaptor TRAF2
Authors: Suntaek Hong, Seunghwan Lim, Allen G Li, Chan Lee, Youn Sook Lee, Eun-Kyung Lee, Seok Hee Park, Xiao-Jing Wang, Seong-Jin Kim
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
The secondary prophylactic efficacy of beta-blocker after endoscopic gastric variceal obturation for first acute episode of gastric variceal bleeding
Authors: Moon Han Choi, Young Seok Kim, Sang Gyune Kim, Yun Nah Lee, Yu Ri Seo, Min Jin Kim, Sae Hwan Lee, Soung Won Jeong, Jae Young Jang, Hong Soo Kim, Boo Sung Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

The most appropriate treatment for acute gastric variceal bleeding (GVB) is currently endoscopic gastric variceal obturation (GVO) using Histoacryl®. However, the secondary prophylactic efficacy of beta-blocker (BB) after GVO for the first acute episode of GVB has not yet been established. The secondary prophylactic efficacy of BB after GVO for the first acute episode of GVB was evaluated in this study.Ninety-three patients at Soonchunhyang University Hospital with acute GVB who received GVO using Histoacryl® were enrolled between June 2001 and March 2010. Among these, 42 patients underwent GVO alone (GVO group) and 51 patients underwent GVO with adjuvant BB therapy (GVO+BB group). This study was intended for patients in whom a desired heart rate was reached. The rates of rebleeding-free survival and overall survival were calculated for the two study groups using Kaplan-Meyer analysis and Cox's proportional-hazards model.The follow-up period after the initial eradication of gastric varices was 18.14±25.22 months (mean±SD). During the follow-up period, rebleeding occurred in 10 (23.8%) and 21 (41.2%) GVO and GVO+BB patients, respectively, and 39 patients died [23 (54.8%) in the GVO group and 16 (31.4%) in the GVO+BB group]. The mean rebleeding-free survival time did not differ significantly between the GVO and GVO+BB groups (65.40 and 37.40 months, respectively; P=0.774), whereas the mean overall survival time did differ (52.54 and 72.65 months, respectively; P=0.036).Adjuvant BB therapy after GVO using Histoacryl® for the first acute episode of GVB could decrease the mortality rate relative to GVO alone. However, adjuvant BB therapy afforded no benefit for the secondary prevention of rebleeding in GV.