tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prostate specific antigen concentration at age 60 and death or metastasis from prostate cancer: case-control study
Authors: A. J. Vickers, A. M. Cronin, T. Bjork, J. Manjer, P. M. Nilsson, A. Dahlin, A. Bjartell, P. T. Scardino, D. Ulmert, H. Lilja
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the relation between concentrations of prostate specific antigen at age 60 and subsequent diagnosis of clinically relevant prostate cancer in an unscreened population to evaluate whether screening for prostate cancer and chemoprevention could be stratified by risk. <b>Design</b> Case-control study with 1:3 matching nested within a highly representative population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> General population of Sweden taking part in the Malmo Preventive Project. Cancer registry at the National Board of Health and Welfare. <b>Participants</b> 1167 men aged 60 who provided blood samples in 1981 and were followed up to age 85. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Metastasis or death from prostate cancer. <b>Results</b> The rate of screening during the course of the study was low. There were 43 cases of metastasis and 35 deaths from prostate cancer. Concentration of prostate specific antigen at age 60 was associated with prostate cancer metastasis (area under the curve 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.79 to 0.92; P&lt;0.001) and death from prostate cancer (0.90, 0.84 to 0.96; P&lt;0.001). The greater the number for the area under the curve (values from 0 to 1) the better the test. Although only a minority of the men with concentrations in the top quarter (&gt;2 ng/ml) develop fatal prostate cancer, 90% (78% to 100%) of deaths from prostate cancer occurred in these men. Conversely, men aged 60 with concentrations at the median or lower (≤1 ng/ml) were unlikely to have clinically relevant prostate cancer (0.5% risk of metastasis by age 85 and 0.2% risk of death from prostate cancer). <b>Conclusions</b> The concentration of prostate specific antigen at age 60 predicts lifetime risk of metastasis and death from prostate cancer. Though men aged 60 with concentrations below the median (≤1 ng/ml) might harbour prostate cancer, it is unlikely to become life threatening. Such men could be exempted from further screening, which should instead focus on men with higher concentrations.
755-6 Neurosurgical Evacuation for Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated with Improved Outcome in GUSTO
Authors: Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Harvey D. White, Christopher B. Granger, Robert M. Califf, Joel M. Gore, W. Douglas Weaver, Maarten L. Simoons, Gabriel I. Barbash, Michael A. Sloan, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Abstract OT3-1-03: DIRECT: A phase II/III randomized trial with dietary restriction as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER2-negative breast cancer
Authors: S de Groot, MPG Vreeswijk, VTHBM Smit, JB Heijns, ALT Imholz, LW Kessels, A Jager, M Los, NI Weijl, CH Smorenburg, JEA Portielje, GJ Liefers, CJH van de Velde, EM Meershoek, E van Leeuwen, MJ Fischer, AA Kaptein, H Putter, V Longo, HWR Nortier, KJM van der Hoeven, H Pijl, JR Kroep
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Preclinical evidence shows that short-term fasting protects normal cells, while cancer cells are sensitized to chemotherapy. Furthermore, a specifically designed very low calorie, low amino acid substitution diet (“Fasting Mimicking Diet”, FMD) has similar effects on chemotherapy as short-term fasting. This trial evaluates the impact of FMD on tolerance to and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with HER2-negative early breast cancer. Trial design: DIRECT is a Dutch, randomized, open-label multicenter phase II/III trial. Women receiving neoadjuvant TAC courses (docetaxel/adriamycin/cyclophosphamide; day 1, q 3 weeks with G-CSF support at day 2) will be randomized with or without FMD for 3 days prior to and the day of chemotherapy and 3 days prior to surgery. Eligibility criteria: Eligible women are WHO 0-2, age ≥18 years, HER2-negative, stage II or III breast cancer and adequate bone marrow, liver and renal function, BMI &amp;gt; 19kg/m2 and absence of diabetes mellitus. Study endpoints: The primary endpoints are grade III/IV toxicity (phase II) and the pathologic complete response rate (pCR) (phase III). Secondary endpoints are grade I/II toxicity, metabolic and inflammatory response to chemotherapy, DNA damage, apoptosis, immunology and nutrient sensing pathways in the tumor, biomarkers as single nucleotide polymorphisms, Ki67 and tumor stroma/ratio, patient's quality of life and (disease free) survival. Optional side studies include chemotherapy-induced DNA damage and nutrient sensing pathways in leukocytes and proteomics. Statistical Methods: Using a 5% significance level based on the two-sided Fisher's exact test with a power of 80%, 128 patients (64/arm) will be enrolled to show a 50% decrease of grade III/IV adverse events in the experimental arm (phase II) and 250 patients (125/arm) are needed to show an improvement of the pCR rate from 18% to 36% (phase III). Target accrual: Recruitment will start in September 2013. The expected end of accrual of 250 patients from multiple centers in the Netherlands will be the last quarter of 2015. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr OT3-1-03.
Chronic Infiltrates of Lung Associated With Dyspnea
Authors: Milton A. Weiner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Reginald E. Greene: The patient is a 51-year-old white man who entered the Massachusetts General Hospital because of shortness of breath on exertion. He had had this symptom for one year. He had been in his usual excellent state of health, except for chronic postnasal drip, until 14 months previously, when an upper-respiratory tract infection with cough and nasal crusting developed. The cough increased and was occasionally productive of yellow sputum; there was no hemoptysis. Roentgenograms obtained nine months before his admission showed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, whereas three years previously the roentgenogram of the chest had been normal. He was admitted to another hospital where bronchoscopy, cytologic study, and sputum examination for acid-fast bacilli were negative. His symptoms persisted, and a few months later bronchoscopy was performed to remove secretions. This relieved the cough, which almost disappeared. A decreased exercise tolerance developed which was associated with dyspnea and fatigability.
Death Due to Mycobacterium Fortuitum
Authors: Raymond F. Corpe
Journal: JAMA (1961)

M YCOBACTERIUM FORTUITUM Cruz, 1 a rapidly growing acid-fast bacillus, has been studied extensively by Gordon and Smith, 2 Kushner, McMillen and Senderi, 3 and Gordon and Mihm. 4 It has been placed in Group 4 of Runyon's arbitrary separation of the atypical mycobacteria from human sources. An account of a case is in the literature, 5 but a review fails to reveal a case in which this organism was believed to result in death. The following report of a case with autopsy findings is offered as evidence of the grave role this mycobacterium may assume under favorable conditions.  Report of a Case  A 51-year-old tuberculin-positive male was referred to the state tuberculosis hospital for treatment on Feb. 8, 1951. Pulmonary pathology had been discovered earlier when the patient was prepared for an esophagoplasty to relieve cardiospasm. In retrospect the association of achalasia with Group-4 mycobacterial infection is recognized, 6
Cicatricial pemphigoid: serial titres of circulating IgG and IgA antibasement membrane antibodies correlate with disease activity
Authors: None SETTERFIELD, None SHIRLAW, None BHOGAL, None TILLING, None CHALLACOMBE, None BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We have recently shown in a cohort of patients (n = 67) with mucous membrane pemphigoid, 63 of whom had cicatricial pemphigoid (CP), that the presence of both IgG and IgA circulating antibasement membrane zone antibodies was associated with a more severe and persistent disease. In this study we sought to ascertain whether in CP, serial titres of IgG and IgA might provide a reliable marker of disease activity. Serum titres for IgG and IgA antibodies were assayed at 6‐ to 12‐monthly intervals in 56 patients over 32.2 ± 20.3 (mean ± SD) months. Antibody titres were correlated with the clinical score recorded at each follow‐up visit. Sequential titres for both IgG (P< 0.001) and IgA (P= 0.015) were significantly associated with variations in disease activity. Greatest improvement was seen in patients with the greatest change in either IgG or IgA antibody titre. We suggest that serial antibody titres may therefore be useful in the assessment and management of CP.
Gall-Bladder Surgery in a Community Hospital
Authors: Richard H. Thompson, Stilman G. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN 1950 a report on gall-bladder surgery at the Salem Hospital was presented.1 Five hundred operative cases were discussed.We have now reviewed our experience for the f-veyear period from January 1, 1950, to January 1, 1955. This comprises a consecutive series of 571 patients, some of whom had secondary procedures during the period under consideration.The average age for the entire group was fi-tythree years. The sex distribution was 3 females to 1 male.Operating PersonnelThere were 516 private patients and 55 ward service cases. Three hundred and twenty-six operations were done by senior surgeons, and 191 by . . .
Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin–mediated neutrophil rolling
Authors: Jovanka Bestebroer, Miriam J. J. G. Poppelier, Laurien H. Ulfman, Peter J. Lenting, Cecile V. Denis, Kok P. M. van Kessel, Jos A. G. van Strijp, Carla J. C. de Haas
Journal: Blood (2006)
Measuring Coverage in MNCH: A Prospective Validation Study in Pakistan and Bangladesh on Measuring Correct Treatment of Childhood Pneumonia
Authors: Tabish Hazir, Khadija Begum, Shams el Arifeen, Amira M. Khan, M. Hamidul Huque, Narjis Kazmi, Sushmita Roy, Saleem Abbasi, Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman, Evropi Theodoratou, Mahmuda Shayema Khorshed, Kazi Mizanur Rahman, Sanwarul Bari, M. Mahfuzul Islam Kaiser, Samir K. Saha, A. S. M. Nawshad Uddin Ahmed, Igor Rudan, Jennifer Bryce, Shamim Ahmad Qazi, Harry Campbell
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Background Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia as measured by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) is a key indicator for tracking progress in achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. Concerns about the validity of this indicator led us to perform an evaluation in urban and rural settings in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Methods and Findings Caregivers of 950 children under 5 y with pneumonia and 980 with "no pneumonia" were identified in urban and rural settings and allocated for DHS/MICS questions 2 or 4 wk later. Study physicians assigned a diagnosis of pneumonia as reference standard; the predictive ability of DHS/MICS questions and additional measurement tools to identify pneumonia versus non-pneumonia cases was evaluated. Results at both sites showed suboptimal discriminative power, with no difference between 2- or 4-wk recall. Individual patterns of sensitivity and specificity varied substantially across study sites (sensitivity 66.9% and 45.5%, and specificity 68.8% and 69.5%, for DHS in Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively). Prescribed antibiotics for pneumonia were correctly recalled by about two-thirds of caregivers using DHS questions, increasing to 72% and 82% in Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively, using a drug chart and detailed enquiry. Conclusions Monitoring antibiotic treatment of pneumonia is essential for national and global programs. Current (DHS/MICS questions) and proposed new (video and pneumonia score) methods of identifying pneumonia based on maternal recall discriminate poorly between pneumonia and children with cough. Furthermore, these methods have a low yield to identify children who have true pneumonia. Reported antibiotic treatment rates among these children are therefore not a valid proxy indicator of pneumonia treatment rates. These results have important implications for program monitoring and suggest that data in its current format from DHS/MICS surveys should not be used for the purpose of monitoring antibiotic treatment rates in children with pneumonia at the present time. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Immobilisation of a thrombopoietin peptidic mimic by self-assembled monolayers for culture of CD34+ cells
Authors: Eun-Ju Lee, Cheang Ly Be, Andrew R. Vinson, Andrew G. Riches, Friederike Fehr, James Gardiner, Thomas R. Gengenbach, David A. Winkler, David Haylock
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Abstract A30: ERG protein expression and genomic rearrangement status in primary and metastatic prostate cancer a comparative study of two monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Taduru Sreenath, Falko Fend, Nicolas Wernert, Glen Kristiansen, Sven Perner, Shyh-Han Tan, Martin Braun, Diane Goltz, Zaki Shaikibrahim, Wenzel Vogel, Diana Boehm, Veit Scheble, Albert Dobi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Overexpression of the ERG protein is highly prevalent in prostate cancer (PCa) and most commonly results from gene fusions involving the ERG gene. Recently, an N-terminal epitope targeted mouse and a C-terminal epitope targeted rabbit monoclonal anti-ERG antibody have been introduced for the detection of the ERG protein. Independent studies reported that immunohistochemical (IHC) stains with both monoclonal anti-ERG antibodies (ERG-MAbs) highly correlate with the underlying ERG gene rearrangement status. However, a comparative study of both antibodies has not been provided so far. Here, we are the first to compare the mouse ERG-MAb to the rabbit ERG-MAb for their concordance on the same PCa cohort. Furthermore, we assessed if the ERG protein expression is conserved in lymph node and distant PCa metastases, of which a subset underwent decalcification. Methods: We evaluated tissue microarrays of 278 specimens containing 265 localized PCa, 29 lymph node, 30 distant metastases, and 13 normal prostatic tissues. We correlated the ERG protein expression with the ERG rearrangement status using an ERG break-apart fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) assay and IHC of both ERG antibodies. Results: ERG protein expression and ERG rearrangement status were highly concordant regardless of whether the mouse or rabbit ERG-MAb was used (97.8% versus 98.6%, respectively). Of interest, both ERG antibodies reliably detected the ERG expression in lymph node and distant PCa metastases, of which a subset underwent decalcification. If an ERG protein expression was present in localized PCa, we observed the same pattern in the corresponding lymph node metastases. Conclusions: This is the first study to comprehensively compare the two available ERG-MAbs. By demonstrating a broad applicability of IHC to study ERG protein expression using either antibody, this study adds an important step towards a facilitated routine clinical application. Further, we demonstrate that the clonal nature of the ERG rearrangement is not restricted to the genomic level, but proceeds in the proteome. Together, our results simplify future efforts to further elucidate the biological role of ERG in PCa. Citation Format: Taduru Sreenath, Falko Fend, Nicolas Wernert, Glen Kristiansen, Sven Perner, Shyh-Han Tan, Sr., Martin Braun, Diane Goltz, Zaki Shaikibrahim, Wenzel Vogel, Diana Boehm, Veit Scheble, Albert Dobi. ERG protein expression and genomic rearrangement status in primary and metastatic prostate cancer a comparative study of two monoclonal antibodies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A30.
Supine Systolic Blood Pressure and 1-Year Mortality in Patients With Acute Chest Pain
Authors: Alfredo N. C. Santana, Natalia C. V. Melo
Journal: JAMA (2010)

To the Editor: Dr Stenestrand and colleagues analyzed data from 119 151 participants in the Registry of Information and Knowledge About Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions (RIKS-HIA) who were treated for chest pain in the intensive care unit from 1997 to 2007. The study reported that absolute 1-year mortality was 40.3% higher in quartile 1 (Q1, supine systolic blood pressure 128 mm Hg) compared with quartile 2 (Q2, supine systolic blood pressure 128-144 mm Hg), adjusted for age; sex; smoking status; diastolic blood pressure; use of antihypertensive medication and nitroglycerin at admission; and use at discharge of antihypertensive, statin, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant drugs and other lipid-lowering medication. As a study limitation, the authors said that “it is possible that factors not present in the RIKS-HIA database, such as malnutrition or anemia, might explain part of the relatively poor prognosis associated with low admission systolic BP.” However, another possible confounder is sleep apnea, an important pathophysiological and prognostic factor in cardiovascular disease. Sleep apnea may have been more prevalent in Q1 than in Q2: individuals in Q1 were older and had higher heart rate than those in Q2, and sleep apnea is generally more prevalent among older individuals and is associated with higher heart rate. Despite a greater prevalence of -blocker use in Q1 than in Q2, Q1 participants had higher heart rate, possibly due to a more intense sympathetic activation in Q1, consistent with associated sleep apnea. Relative to Q2, Q1 participants had greater prevalence of aspirin and statin use and lower total cholesterol levels and diastolic blood pressure, traditionally associated with better prognosis in chest pain. Consequently, it is possible that a negative prognostic factor in chest pain such as sleep apnea was not evaluated. In previous studies, sleep apnea was present in up to 57% of patients with acute coronary syndrome, being associated with increased coronary restenosis, major adverse cardiac events, and cardiac death. Based on these data, undiagnosed or untreated sleep apnea might explain, at least in part, the poor prognosis associated with low admission supine systolic blood pressure in acute chest pain in the study by Stenestrand et al. However, this hypothesis would have to be addressed by a prospective clinical study.
A First Report of Wohlfahrtia Vigil (Walker) Myiasis in Man in Michigan
Authors: Dominic L. DeGiusti
Journal: JAMA (1963)

MYIASIS, the invasion of tissues or organs of man and other animals by maggots (larval stages of flies), is well known and rather widely distributed. James, in 1947,<sup>1</sup>summarized the myiasis-producing flies. The reader is referred to his excellent review. Two species of the fly genus<i>Wohlfahrtia, W vigil</i>and<i>W opaca</i>, are proven causes of human myiasis.<i>W vigil</i>has been reported as the cause of myiasis in man from a number of locations in Canada. In the United States, human cases of<i>W vigil</i>myiasis have been verified from Colorado and Minnesota. More detailed information on distribution in Canada and the United States is given by O'Rourke<sup>2</sup>and Wohlrabe,<sup>3</sup>To our knowledge the present case is the first verified occurrence from Michigan of<i>W vigil</i>myiasis in man. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a 7-mo-old white infant boy, resident of Royal Oak, Mich., and
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and acute pancreatitis
Authors: J W C CHEN, G T P SACCONE, J TOOULI
Journal: Gut (1998)

Fifty years ago Lium et al stated that... “Acute pancreatitis is the result of ductal obstruction in an actively secreting pancreas”. A number of mechanisms for pancreatic ductal obstruction were reviewed and the role of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) in producing “obstruction” was discussed.1 The studies by Archibald were reported and suggested a possible role of SO “spasm” in producing ductal obstruction. It was suggested that the cause of biliary pancreatitis in patients with gallstones who did not have a stone impacted at the ampulla may be secondary to SO “spasm” and oedema.

Normal human SO motility has been characterised by a number of studies and normal manometric parameters have been established using standardised manometry, as has SO dysfunction. The clinical presentation of patients with SO dysfunction may be divided into two groups: biliary SO dysfunction presenting with biliary type pain; and recurrent pancreatitis.2 In 1995, the following definition of SO dysfunction was developed: “partial obstruction of the SO biliary segment giving rise to intermittent, episodic upper abdominal pain, deranged liver function tests, dilatation or delayed drainage of injected contrast from the common bile duct. Likewise, similar condition of the pancreatic segment can give rise to pancreatitis or episodic pain suggesting a pancreatic origin”.3 The main consequence of SO dysfunction is impedance of bile and pancreatic juice flow, either through a structural stenosis or functional stenosis from hypertonia. In some instances, however, hypotonia as a result of dyskinesia may also occur and reflect SO dysfunction.

The term SO dysfunction includes structural stenosis of the SO and functional stenosis secondary to hypertonia.4 It also encompasses dysmotility which may lead to intermittent or transient impedance of bile or pancreatic juice flow. The frequency of SO dysfunction in the community is not known. It is also uncertain whether …
An Opportunity Map for Societal Investment in Health
Authors: Jonathan E. Fielding
Journal: JAMA (2011)

MEDICAL CARE REFORM IS A CRITICAL PIECE IN achieving a healthy society but needs to be complemented by changes in community programs and policies. While the body of evidence-based clinical and population interventions is increasing, the challenge is to identify and implement those interventions that provide the greatest health benefits and value. A critical first step is to construct a sound, common framework for identifying and organizing the universe of evidence-based interventions. That framework can then be used to assess society’s investments in health. In this Commentary, we describe how 3 concepts—the ecologic model, the life course perspective, and evidence-based intervention strategies—contribute to a common goal and how they need to be viewed as integrated and complementary. A brief synopsis of each concept is provided, followed by a description of its fit within a broader conceptual framework.
CASE OF FATAL FETAL ICHTHYOSIS.
Authors: ANNIE STURGIS DANIEL
Journal: JAMA (1900)

<h3>Maternal History.</h3> —Strong, healthy peasant woman, native of Sicily, 30 years old, has never been ill according to the statement of herself and mother. Neither she nor any member of her family has had any eruption of the skin, and no trace of syphilis, alcoholism or tubercolosis in this woman or her family could be elicited. Menstruation began at 14 years and has been regular and normal. There has been no uterine disease. She has had 6 pregnancies: the first 10 years ago; the second 8 years ago; the third 4 years ago; the fourth an abortion at 40 days, the cause of which is unknown; the fifth pregnancy was 2 years ago, and the sixth the present fetus. All of the pregnancies, except the fourth one and the present, were normal in every respect. In January, 1899, the woman was much distressed over the illness and death of her