tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A <sub>1</sub> Receptor Activation Induces Delayed Preconditioning in Rats Mediated by Manganese Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Ali Dana, Anne K. Jonassen, Nobushige Yamashita, Derek M. Yellon
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —We have previously described a second window of protection against infarction in rabbits 24 to 72 hours after adenosine A 1 receptor (A 1 R) activation. In this study, we examined the potential role of the mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) as a potential end effector in mediating this protection. Methods and Results —Rats were treated with an intravenous bolus of the A 1 R agonist 2-chloro- N 6 -cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA, 75 μg/kg) or saline vehicle. They were also given a 5 mg/kg IV infusion of a 22-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) with sequence antisense to the initiation site of rat Mn-SOD mRNA. Sense ODN and scrambled ODN were used as controls. Twenty-four hours later, hearts were isolated and perfused with buffer at constant pressure and subjected to 35 minutes of regional ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. Treatment with CCPA compared with saline vehicle (control) significantly reduced infarct size, expressed as percentage of myocardium at risk (22.3±3.3% versus 42.1±3.8%, respectively; P =0.001). This protection was completely abolished by prior treatment with antisense ODN, which had no effect on its own. Neither sense ODN nor scrambled ODN had an effect on the CCPA-induced delayed cardioprotection. In separate animals, 24 hours after the same treatment, hearts were assayed for Mn-SOD content and activity. CCPA treatment induced a significant increase in myocardial Mn-SOD content and activity compared with the control condition; this increase was abolished by pretreatment with antisense ODN. Conclusions —This is the first study to show that transient A 1 R activation induces delayed cardioprotection in the rat. These results strongly suggest an important role for mitochondrial Mn-SOD as a potential end effector of this protection.
Colestipol-Niacin Therapy and Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: M. R. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The encouraging initial results from the Cholesterol-Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS)<sup>1</sup>provide a strong impetus to larger and longer studies that can focus on different outcomes (eg, total occlusion) and quantify changes on sequential coronary angiograms. As Dr Passamani<sup>2</sup>wrote in the editorial accompanying the report, promising areas for further research include newer lipid-lowering regimens and larger reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Blankenhorn et al could usefully expand on the CLAS results in two ways: first, with additional data on the baseline comparability of the two treatment groups; and second, with additional information on the global coronary change score, the primary cardiac end point in the CLAS. The article reports on the baseline comparability of the two treatment groups for some variables in Tables 1 and 2. However, the article does not report on the baseline comparability of the two treatment groups with respect to
How to Use an Article About Genetic Association
Authors: John Attia, John P. A. Ioannidis, Ammarin Thakkinstian, Mark McEvoy, Rodney J. Scott, Cosetta Minelli, John Thompson, Claire Infante-Rivard, Gordon Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (2009)

In the first 2 articles of this series, we reviewed the basic genetics concepts necessary to understand genetic association studies, and we enumerated the major issues in judging the validity of these studies. In this third article, we review the issues relating to the applicability of the results in the clinical situation. How large and precise are the associations? Many genetic effects are expected to be smaller in magnitude than traditional risk factors. Does the genetic association improve predictive power beyond easily measured clinical variables? In some cases, the additional genetic information adds only a small increment in the predictive ability of a diagnostic or prognostic test. What are the absolute vs relative effects? Even if the genetic risk is high in relative terms, the baseline risk may be very low in absolute terms. Is the risk-associated allele likely to be present in my patient? A risk allele may have a strong effect but be rare in a particular ethnic group. Is the patient likely better off knowing the genetic information? Given that genes cannot be modified, one must weigh whether the genetic information is likely to be helpful in planning other health interventions or initiating behavior change.
Humanism in Medicine
Authors: William C. Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

"Osler is Alive and Well." This is the message one gets from this excellent new book. The 13 essays in it stem from a symposium held at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston in 1970. The three heartwarming papers by Osler's American students at Oxford during World War I—Emile Holman, Wilburt C. Davison, and Wilder Penfield—would alone make this volume valuable. Its value is doubled, however, by the well-turned essays of senior medical scholars with broad humanistic interests. The opening contributions by Dr. Lester S. King, contributing editor of<i>JAMA</i>, entitled "Humanism and the Medical Past," ably sets the stage for the enlightening and refreshing articles of Palmer Howard, William Bean, Alfred Henderson, Charles G. Roland, James Knight, George Harrėll, Donald Bates, and Hebbel Hoff. Osler in the flesh and Osler in spirit provided the theme for this very interesting and readable symposium. Medical students and teachers, practitioners,
Cross-Cultural Primary Care
Authors: Gregory A. Plotnikoff, Linda L. Barnes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters18 January 2000Cross-Cultural Primary CareGregory A. Plotnikoff, MD, MTS and Linda L. Barnes, PhD, MTS, MAGregory A. Plotnikoff, MD, MTSUniversity of Minnesota Academic Health Center; Minneapolis, MN 55455 (Plotnikoff)Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA 02118 (Barnes)Search for more papers by this author and Linda L. Barnes, PhD, MTS, MAUniversity of Minnesota Academic Health Center; Minneapolis, MN 55455 (Plotnikoff)Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA 02118 (Barnes)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-2-200001180-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Carrillo and colleagues' article (1) makes a valuable and significant contribution to patient care in cross-cultural settings. However, we believe that the authors missed a crucial component of effective, patient-based approaches to cross-cultural care, namely the patient's spiritual and religious perspective.In our experience, the patient's religious worldviews inform virtually every aspect of the explanatory model the authors describe. Patients do make sense religiously of life experience, including illness: This perspective is often a crucial dimension of culture.Religion is more than a stress management technique. No religion ignores the meaning of affliction, suffering, illness, and healing. ...Reference1. Carrillo JE, Green AR, Betancourt JR. Cross-cultural primary care: a patient-based approach. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:829-34. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Minnesota Academic Health Center; Minneapolis, MN 55455 (Plotnikoff)Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA 02118 (Barnes) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCross-Cultural Primary Care: A Patient-Based Approach J. Emilio Carrillo , Alexander R. Green , and Joseph R. Betancourt Cross-Cultural Primary Care Alexander R. Green , Joseph R. Betancourt , and J. Emilio Carrillo Cross-Cultural Primary Care Henry S. Perkins and Helen P. Hazuda Metrics 18 January 2000Volume 132, Issue 2Page: 164-165KeywordsPatientsScientists Issue Published: 18 January 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Intracellular single-chain antibody against hepatitis B virus core protein inhibits the replication of hepatitis B virus in cultured cells
Authors: Masato Yamamoto, Norio Hayashi, Tetsuo Takehara, Keiji Ueda, Eiji Mita, Tomohide Tatsumi, Yutaka Sasaki, Akinori Kasahara, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we used a single chain antibody (sFv), which is a man-made antibody with a strong affinity of immunoglobulin, to inhibit HBV replication. Because HBV replication can only take place in the viral nucleocapsid made of HBV core protein (HBc), we generated anti-HBc sFv and examined whether intracellular anti-HBc sFv could inhibit viral replication in the human hepatoblastoma-derived cell line that produces HBV (HB611). With respect to HBV replication intermediates, both single-stranded and partially double-stranded DNA intermediates were markedly suppressed in the cells expressing anti-HBc sFv, although HBV RNA intermediates were not affected. This suggested that intracellular anti-HBc sFv inhibited HBV DNA replication by inhibiting reverse transcription from HBV pregenome RNA to single-stranded DNA. Because the sFv-HBc complex was detected in the cells expressing anti-HBc sFv by immunoprecipitation analysis but the quantity of intracellular HBc was not affected, the anti-HBc sFv was suggested to inhibit HBV DNA replication by interfering with the function of HBc. These results indicate that intracellular sFv against HBc might be effective as a novel active molecule for gene therapy of hepatitis B.
Chronic Obstructive Emphysema
Authors: Minas Joannides
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Only a small number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema can look forward to help and relief from surgery.  Resection or surgical obliteration of large emphysematous bullae affords relief in a high percentage of patients. There must, however, be strict criteria for the choosing of surgical candidates. A large stationary bulla of at least one-third the size of the hemithorax, or an expanding bulla accompanied by increasing dyspnea are the most common symptoms of surgical candidates.  Preoperative regimen includes seven days of expectorant therapy and intermittent positive pressure breathing treatments. The most important and informative preoperative procedure is a pulmonary angiograph.
Malignant Lymphoma Associated with Collagen Disease.
Authors: Giles F. MacDonald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Malignant Lymphoma Associated with Collagen Disease.Giles F. MacDonald, M.D., Richard W. Hill, M.D., F.A.C.P.Giles F. MacDonald, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard W. Hill, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1042_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptObservation of a 57-year-old woman known to have had rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and polymyositis at the time lymphosarcoma developed in association with a leukemic blood picture prompted a retrospective study of this problem.Twenty-nine cases, selected because histologic, serologic, or roentgenographic studies had confirmed diagnoses of both a collagen disease and a malignant lymphoma, were reviewed. Two groups were delineated. Group 1 consisted of 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 2 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 1 with dermatomyositis, 1 with scleroderma, and 1 with rheumatoid spondylitis; a malignant lymphoma developed subsequently in all 22 patients. Group 2 consisted of 5 patients... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Giles F. MacDonald, M.D.; Richard W. Hill, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Rochester, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byProlonged Immunological Disorder Terminating in Hematological Malignancy: A Human Analogue of Animal Disease?ROSALINE R. JOSEPH, M.D., F.A.C.P., CHARLES D. TOURTELLOTTE, M.D., F.A.C.P., WILLIAM E. BARRY, M.D., F.A.C.P., RICHARD V. SMALLEY, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOHN R. DURANT, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1042-1043KeywordsAnkylosing spondylitisBloodCollagen diseasesDermatomyositisLupus erythematosusLymphomaPolymyositisRetrospective studiesRheumatoid arthritisScleroderma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Fulminant herpes simplex hepatitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
Authors: R D Shlien, S Meyers, J A Lee, R Dische, H D Janowitz
Journal: Gut (1988)

A 16 year old girl with ulcerative colitis developed hepatitis with a high fever, leukopenia and a marked rise in serum transaminases without jaundice. There were no skin, oral, or genital lesions. Liver biopsy was precluded by abnormalities in coagulation. Postmortem examination of the liver by light and electron microscopy, culture, immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent staining confirmed the diagnosis of hepatitis due to type 1 herpes simplex virus. Despite the rarity, this viral aetiology should be included in the differential diagnosis of all patients with severe hepatitis. The absence of mucocutaneous lesions should not exclude the diagnosis, especially when other clinical features are compatible.
Repeat Expansion in<i>C9ORF72</i>in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Elisa Majounie, Yevgeniya Abramzon, Alan E. Renton, Rodney Perry, Susan S. Bassett, Olga Pletnikova, Juan C. Troncoso, John Hardy, Andrew B. Singleton, Bryan J. Traynor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the gene C9ORF72 has been implicated in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The variant has also been found in a small percentage of patients with probable late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Practical Considerations in the Planning and Conduct of a National Medical-Care Program
Authors: Edward S. Rogers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

DURING the course of the preceding few weeks you have had laid before you an exceptionally well chosen review of facts, attitudes and plans with respect to the problem of medicine and its place in a changing social structure. Regardless of the details of the views that you have formulated, there probably are few, if any, of you who will not agree that fundamental changes are in motion.Medicine as a science has been through, and is still in, a most amazing period of progress. We need not review the evidence here. Similarly, other forces of great moment to the . . .
Loch im Kopf (Hole in the Head)
Authors: ROBERT S. HATTNER, A. SCOTT LAPIDUS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma occasionally metastasizes to bone, and it has a propensity for flat bones (skull, scapula, and pelvis), and the appendicular skeleton. These lesions are often purely lytic, and the skeletal scintigraphic appearance is often that of a photopenic abnormality surrounded by a zone of increased activity.
Sub-acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and gluten sensitive enteropathy
Authors: D.L. Roberts
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Sub‐acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and gluten sensitive enteropathy Get access D.L. Roberts D.L. Roberts Singleton Hospital, Sketty, Swansea SA2 8QA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 5, 1 May 1988, Pages 731–732, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02584.x Published: 01 May 1988
BUDDING AND OTHER CHANGES DESCRIBED BY SCHAUDINN FOR ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA SEEN IN A RACE OF E. TETRAGENA
Authors: S. T. DARLING
Journal: JAMA (1913)

DOES IT CUBE?The question curability of the emetine treatment can be answered only after a long period has elapsed.Of the five patients that, recovered, four have been heard from or seen and all have remained well.Patient 1 is' still cured after three months and three weeks; Patient 3 ¡liter two months; Patient I after three months;Patient <> after two months and three weeks.Patient, ô has unfortunately been lost sight of.While these intervals of good health are not long-, (he outlook is, however, very encouraging-.While no definite conclusions can he drawn from Ihe observations of so small a number of cases, I believe lhal the results are highly suggestive lhal in the subcutan¬ eous iiljections of soluble emetine salts an ideal method has been found of treating-amebic disease.Time will soon show whether or not, as lingers believes, another specific has been found.
Behold Man: A Photographic Journey of Discovery Inside the Body
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The "man" whom the reader of this delightfully illustrated volume beholds is seen through the microscope— in all its variations from the highest powered electron microscope to the low magnifications of the "dissecting" instrument. The illustrations are the glory of the presentation. Hundreds are reproduced in color, in prints more matte than glossy, which makes the enlargements comfortable and pleasing. Some have been shown before in the book<i>A Child Was Born</i>, and embryological views are accentuated throughout. The relation of these to Dr. Lewis Wolberg's "Micro-art" (whichThe Journalhas twice used on its covers) is obvious. Two features express themselves. Elegance of microscopic preparations is essential to the fine photography. Yet, in addition an artistic sense must select the fields for portrayal. The text of the volume is designed for the lay reader, not the physician. However, anyone oriented to the microscope will find that these elegant offerings
The Coagulant and Thrombogenic Properties of Human Atheroma.
Authors: Charles L. Lyford
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Coagulant and Thrombogenic Properties of Human Atheroma.Charles L. Lyford, B.S., William E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P., John C. Hoak, M.D. (Associate), Emory D. Warner, M.D.Charles L. Lyford, B.S., William E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P., John C. Hoak, M.D. (Associate), Emory D. Warner, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1152_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThrombosis associated with severe atherosclerosis usually occurs when ulcerated lesions are exposed to the circulating blood. Conflicting results have been reported concerning the coagulant properties of atheromatous plaque material. In the present study, the effects of atheromatous plaque material upon blood coagulation and platelet aggregation were studied in detail.The gruel-like plaque material was prepared from human aortas and coronary arteries with severe atherosclerosis obtained at autopsy. Atheromatous material was separated from the endothelium and media and emulsified in 0.9% sodium chloride. The final concentration of atheroma used in the tests was 2% by weight. Human venous blood for clotting... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles L. Lyford, B.S.; William E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P.; John C. Hoak, M.D. (Associate); Emory D. Warner, M.D.Affiliations: Iowa City, Iowa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Coagulant and Thrombogenic Properties of Human Atheroma 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5 Page: 1152-1152 Keywords Atheromas Atherosclerosis Blood coagulation Coronary arteries Endothelium Lesions Platelet aggregation Saline solutions Thrombosis Ulcers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Postzone v Prozone-Reply
Authors: Morris A. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In most titrations, the amount of antibody is varied in the presence of a constant amount of antigen (Fig 2, top). The prozone is then the zone of antibody excess, resulting in an absence of antibody-antigen precipitation or agglutination. The postzone is the comparable zone of antigen excess. In some titrations, however (such as the slide latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen), antigen is varied in the presence of a constant amount of antibody (Fig 2, bottom). The zone of antibody excess then follows the zone of equivalence, while the zone of antigen excess precedes it. The terms<i>prozone</i>and<i>postzone</i>thus carry the reverse meanings. Perhaps more distinguishing terms are needed for this phenomenon.
Bone Marrow Colony-stimulating Activity of Sera in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: D. Metcalf, B. Wahren
Journal: BMJ (1968)

From 44 to 100% of sera from patients with infectious mononucleosis exhibited the capacity to stimulate colony formation in vitro by mouse bone marrow cells. The proportion of sera with colony-stimulating activity was highest in patients with a short fever period and developing low Paul-Bunnell titres. Patients with a more severe course of the disease generally displayed no, or only weak, colony-stimulating activity in their sera, and also had higher Paul-Bunnell titres. The level of serum colony-stimulating activity tended to fall in the convalescent stages of the disease.
Influence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate metabolism on sodium-potassium permeability in human red blood cells: studies with bisulfite and other redox agents
Authors: John C. Parker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

It is known that bisulfite ions can selectively deplete red blood cells of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). Studies of the effects of bisulfite on sodium-potassium permeability and metabolism were undertaken to clarify the physiologic role of the abundant quantities of 2,3-DPG in human erythrocytes. Treatment of cells with bisulfite results in a reversible increase in the passive permeability to Na and K ions. Metabolism of glucose to lactate is increased, with a rise in the intracellular ratio of fructose diphosphate to hexose monophosphate. Cell 2,3-DPG is quantitatively converted to pyruvate and inorganic phosphate. The permeability effects of bisulfite are countered by ethacrynic acid and by such oxidizing agents as pyruvate and methylene blue. Taken together, the results suggest that the effects on Na-K flux of bisulfite are related more to the reducing potential of this anion than to its capacity to deplete cells of 2,3-DPG.
Understanding the research program
Authors: Joseph Henrich, Maciej Chudek
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract The target article misunderstands the research program it criticizes. The work of Boyd, Richerson, Fehr, Gintis, Bowles and their collaborators has long included the theoretical and empirical study of models both with and without diffuse costly punishment. In triaging the situation, we aim to (1) clarify the theoretical landscape, (2) highlight key points of agreement, and (3) suggest a more productive line of debate.