tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Plasma Proteins. Volume I: Isolation, Characterization, and Function
Authors: I. Davidsohn
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The scientific study of blood proteins began in the 1830's. During the 19th century the progress was slow, mainly because of the crude methods of analysis. The great advances in our knowledge of plasma proteins in recent years are due to the introduction of physical chemical methods such as moving boundary electrophoresis, paper electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, chromatography, agar diffusion techniques, and fractionation procedures such as ethanol precipitation. The brief introduction defines the subject, reviews its history, and attempts to anticipate future developments. The precipitation methods, electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, chromatography, molecular parameters of purified plasma proteins, albumin, gamma globulin and antibodies, macroglobulins, glycoproteins, and metal-binding plasma proteins are the subjects treated in the remaining chapters. The 11 authors are outstanding biochemists from this country and abroad. Each chapter has a well-chosen up-to-date list of references. Monographs on plasma proteins that have been published in other languages were usually concerned with use of a
Rising levels of serum S100 protein precede other evidence of disease progression in patients with malignant melanoma
Authors: C.S. Jury, E.J. Mcallister, R.M. Mackie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Several serum markers may be useful in the detection of metastatic melanoma, but none is in routine clinical use.To assess the validity of S100 protein as a serum marker of melanoma progression.Serum S100 protein levels were measured in 496 serum samples from 214 melanoma patients, using the Sangtec luminescence immunoassay. There were 75 patients with stage 1 melanoma, 66 initially with stage 2 melanoma, 49 initially with stage 3 melanoma and 24 with stage 4 melanoma.Serum S100 protein levels were < 0.2 microg L-1 in 71 of 75 (95%) stage 1 patients. One patient who had a normal level developed local recurrence. Fifty-eight of 66 (88%) stage 2 patients also had normal serum S100 protein levels. One with elevated levels progressed to stage 3 melanoma and five with elevated levels progressed to stage 4 disease. The remaining two with elevated serum S100 protein remained well. Thirty-five of 49 (71%) stage 3 patients had normal levels and, of these, two have progressed to stage 4 disease. Three patients with stage 3 disease had an elevated serum S100 protein level on one occasion but remained well. Eleven of 13 patients who developed stage 4 melanoma during the study had rising levels of serum S100 protein > 0.2 microg L-1 5-23 weeks before detection of melanoma progression by conventional means. Twenty-two of 24 patients with stage 4 disease throughout the study had consistently elevated serum S100 protein levels, and the two patients with normal levels were clinically disease free after surgery and chemotherapy. None of 14 control subjects with atypical naevi had elevated S100 protein levels, and only one of 11 healthy normal controls had an elevated level.Thus, rising levels of serum S100 protein are a specific and sensitive clinically relevant marker of tumour progression in melanoma patients, which precedes other evidence of melanoma recurrence.
Spanish haematologists warn against storing umbilical cord stem cells in private banks
Authors: A. Iriberri
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Spanish haematologists are warning against storing umbilical cord stem cells in private foreign clinics because of the risk that transportation will render the cells useless.

The practice of keeping the cells from the umbilical cord in private banks became popular after the Spanish crown prince, Felipe de Borbon, and his wife Letizia made public in 2006 that they sent blood from the umbilical cord of their baby, future queen Leonor, to a private bank in the US. At the time, there were only public stem cell banks in Spain, but shortly afterwards the Ministry of Health authorised the first private bank.

The law governing blood banks means that parents cannot keep umbilical stem cells for their own use, but that—as happens with organ donations—private banks …
Kras/Nras Mutations in Peak: a Randomized Phase 2 Study of 1St-Line Treatment with Folfox6 + Panitumumab or Bevacizumab for Wild-Type Kras Mcrc
Authors: Fernando Rivera, Meinolf Karthaus, Gianpiero Fasola, Jean-Luc Canon, Lee Schwartzberg, Hua Yu, Kelly Oliner, William Go
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
MicroRNA-216a/217-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition targets PTEN and SMAD7 to promote drug resistance and recurrence of liver cancer
Authors: Hongping Xia, London Lucien P.J. Ooi, Kam M. Hui
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Tumor recurrence and metastases are the major obstacles to improving the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To identify novel risk factors associated with HCC recurrence and metastases, we have established a panel of recurrence-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) by comparing miRNA expression in recurrent and nonrecurrent human HCC tissue samples using microarrays (recurrence is defined as recurrent disease occurring within a 2-year time point of the original treatment). Among the panel, expression of the miR-216a/217 cluster was consistently and significantly up-regulated in HCC tissue samples and cell lines associated with early tumor recurrence, poor disease-free survival, and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Stable overexpression of miR-216a/217-induced EMT increased the stem-like cell population, migration, and metastatic ability of epithelial HCC cells. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (SMAD7) were subsequently identified as two functional targets of miR-216a/217, and both PTEN and SMAD7 were down-regulated in HCC. Ectopic expression of PTEN or SMAD7 partially rescued miR-216a/217-mediated EMT, cell migration, and stem-like properties of HCC cells. Previously, SMAD7 was shown to be a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) type 1 receptor antagonist. Here, we further demonstrated that overexpression of miR-216a/217 acted as a positive feedback regulator for the TGF-β pathway and the canonical pathway involved in the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase K (PI3K/Akt) signaling in HCC cells. Additionally, activation of the TGF-β- and PI3K/Akt-signaling pathways in HCC cells resulted in an acquired resistance to sorafenib, whereas blocking activation of the TGF-β pathway overcame miR-216a/217-induced sorafenib resistance and prevented tumor metastases in HCC.Overexpression of miR-216a/217 activates the PI3K/Akt and TGF-β pathways by targeting PTEN and SMAD7, contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor recurrence in HCC.
Industry Support and Professional Medical Associations—Reply
Authors: David J. Rothman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sulfonylureas in NIDDM
Authors: Leif C Groop
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Sulfonylureas have represented the backbone of oral therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for &amp;gt; 30 yr. Despite this, our knowledge about the mode of actions of these agents is limited, and the use of them is far from rational. Sulfonylureas lower blood glucose concentrations primarily by stimulating insulin secretion. The evidence for clinically significant extrapancreatic effects is scanty. Therefore, the effect of sulfonylurea is limited to patients with preserved β-cell function, with the best effect observed in the early stages of the disease. Sulfonylurea treatment is often started relatively late and is continued when the agents can no longer achieve the treatment goals. Drug dosages are increased to maximum recommended doses, although there is no evidence for a dose-response relationship between the sulfonylurea dose and its biological effect. To rationalize the use of sulfonylureas, we should ask the questions to whom, how much, and for how long? The decision to stop treatment is as important as the decision to start treatment.
The Safety and Diagnostic Accuracy of Minibronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Suspected Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Marin H. Kollef
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objectives: To assess the safety of minibronchoalveolar lavage done by respiratory therapists for the evaluation of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and to determine the diagnostic agreement between quantitative lower airway cultures obtained by the minibronchoalveolar lavage and protected specimen brush techniques. Design: A prospective direct comparison of two diagnostic techniques. Setting: An academic tertiary care center in St. Louis, Missouri. Patients: 72 consecutive patients suspected of having ventilator-associated pneumonia on the basis of clinical evidence. Interventions: Sampling of lower airway secretions using the protected specimen brush and minibronchoalveolar lavage techniques. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical complications and quantitative cultures of respiratory secretions. Results: 72 patients suspected of having ventilator-associated pneumonia (first episode) were evaluated using minibronchoalveolar lavage. In 42 patients, lower airway secretions were also obtained using the protected specimen brush technique. No change in arterial blood oxygen saturation or heart rate occurred after minibronchoalveolar lavage (P > 0.2). Mean arterial pressure slightly increased with minibronchoalveolar lavage (baseline mean pressure, 90.1 mm Hg [CI, 88.4 to 91.7 mm Hg]; average within-person change, 2.6 mm Hg; P = 0.024). Good diagnostic agreement was shown for quantitative cultures obtained with the protected specimen brush and minibronchoalveolar lavage techniques (κ statistic, 0.63; concordance, 83.3%); 103 colony forming units/mL was used as the threshold for a clinically significant culture result. Conclusions: Minibronchoalveolar lavage is a safe and technically simple procedure for obtaining quantitative lower airway cultures in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Quantitative culture results obtained by minibronchoalveolar lavage are similar to those obtained by the protected specimen brush technique.
498 NATURAL HISTORY OF HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: A. Yosephy, J.F. Gallegos-Orozco, T.J. Byrne, B. Noble, B. Aqel, E. Carey, D.D. Douglas, D. Mulligan, J. Rakela, H.E. Vargas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Left Ventricular Rotational Deformation is Impaired in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Speckle Tracking Imaging- Based Study
Authors: Selen Yurdakul, Züleyha Bingöl, Gülfer Okumuş, Şükrü Taylan Şahin, Betül Cengiz, Ayşen Bozkurt, Saide Aytekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Staging chronic hepatitis B into seven categories, defining inactive carriers and assessing treatment impact using a fibrosis biomarker (FibroTest®) and elastography (FibroScan®)
Authors: Thierry Poynard, Julien Vergniol, Yen Ngo, Juliette Foucher, Vincent Thibault, Mona Munteanu, Wassil Merrouche, Pascal Lebray, Marika Rudler, Olivier Deckmyn, Hugo Perazzo, Dominique Thabut, Vlad Ratziu, Victor de Ledinghen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Fracture of curette.
Authors: J Atkins
Journal: BMJ (1970)

wait eight weeks from the time of being diagnosed by bronchoscopy a,s having a lung cancer before being admitted to hospital for thoracotomy.If it had not been for my making a pest of myself by repeated letters and a telephone call, he would probably have waited 10 weeks.In fact, he jumped the queue for admission.Eight to ten weeks is long enough for an operable carcinoma to become inoperable.It is highly unethical for a National Health Service to be organized in such a way that there is a waiting list for cancer of two months' duration.In Manchester the waiting time for admission for treatment for lung cancer is two months; for iatrogenic abortion several days.Whether this is a local or national phenomenon I do not know, but it seems to be a highly unethical state of affairs.-I am, etc.,
Paraspeckle protein p54nrb links Sox9-mediated transcription with RNA processing during chondrogenesis in mice
Authors: Kenji Hata, Riko Nishimura, Shuji Muramatsu, Akio Matsuda, Takuma Matsubara, Katsuhiko Amano, Fumiyo Ikeda, Vincent R. Harley, Toshiyuki Yoneda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The Sox9 transcription factor plays an essential role in promoting chondrogenesis and regulating expression of chondrocyte extracellular-matrix genes. To identify genes that interact with Sox9 in promoting chondrocyte differentiation, we screened a cDNA library generated from the murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cell line to identify activators of the collagen, type II, alpha 1 (Col2a1) promoter. Here we have shown that paraspeckle regulatory protein 54-kDa nuclear RNA-binding protein (p54nrb) is an essential link between Sox9-regulated transcription and maturation of Sox9-target gene mRNA. We found that p54nrb physically interacted with Sox9 and enhanced Sox9-dependent transcriptional activation of the Col2a1 promoter. In ATDC5 cells, p54nrb colocalized with Sox9 protein in nuclear paraspeckle bodies, and knockdown of p54(nrb) suppressed Sox9-dependent Col2a1 expression and promoter activity. We generated a p54nrb mutant construct lacking RNA recognition motifs, and overexpression of mutant p54nrb in ATDC5 cells markedly altered the appearance of paraspeckle bodies and inhibited the maturation of Col2a1 mRNA. The mutant p54nrb inhibited chondrocyte differentiation of mesenchymal cells and mouse metatarsal explants. Furthermore, transgenic mice expressing the mutant p54nrb in the chondrocyte lineage exhibited dwarfism associated with impairment of chondrogenesis. These data suggest that p54nrb plays an important role in the regulation of Sox9 function and the formation of paraspeckle bodies during chondrogenesis.
Abstract 1373: Comprehensive analysis of HBV DNA methylation in liver tissues of hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Surbhi Jain, Sitong Chen, Batbold Boldbaatar, Selena Y. Lin, Ran Yan, Chi-Tan Hu, Haitao Guo, Timothy M. Block, Wei song, Ying-Hsiu Su
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus causing hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In patients, HBV DNA circulates in blood as virion DNA and exists in hepatocytes both as nuclear form (episomal cccDNA and integrated DNA) and as cytoplasmic core DNA form. It has been reported that HBV infection up-regulates DNMTs and thus induces epigenetic changes in the host cells. Understanding the methylation status of the HBV DNA in its different forms can potentially provide insight into the pathogenesis of HBV-related liver diseases including hepatocarcinogenesis. Previous studies conducted in patient serum and in cell cultures have demonstrated that the CpG islands of HBV virion DNA are in the unmethylated state, and cccDNA methylation has been extensively studied for its role in the regulation of transcription, but very few studies have investigated the methylation status of integrated HBV DNA in human liver tissues. To better understand the methylation status of HBV DNA in hepatitis B, cirrhosis and HCC, a comprehensive methylation profile of three CpG islands in the HBV genome was assessed by BS-sequencing, and methylation of each of the 3 CpG islands was compared by using bisulfite specific PCR and methylation specific PCR assays in a larger sample size. We observed that the methylation of CpG island 1 and 3 of HBV DNA from liver tissues was significantly higher in HCC as compared to hepatitis and cirrhosis. We also obtained, for the first time, the evidence of rare non-CpG methylation in the CpG island 1 and 2 of HBV genome in liver tissues. The overall co-relation of HBV genome methylation and disease progression was also investigated. In addition, no co-relation between the methylation levels of the HBV genome and host genome was found, suggesting independent mechanisms regulate the methylation of host and viral genomes. The mechanisms of HBV genome methylation in liver disease and its regulation are discussed. Citation Format: Surbhi Jain, Sitong Chen, Batbold Boldbaatar, Selena Y. Lin, Ran Yan, Chi-Tan Hu, Haitao Guo, Timothy M. Block, Wei song, Ying-Hsiu Su. Comprehensive analysis of HBV DNA methylation in liver tissues of hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1373. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1373
Reversing concepts on COPD irreversibility
Authors: J. B. Soriano, D. M. Mannino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Common diseases are complex. The study of complexity is based on a new way of thinking that stands in sharp contrast to the philosophy underlying Newtonian science, which is based on reductionism, determinism and objective knowledge. Initially, we might aim to reduce complexity to understand nature 1.

In the current issue of the European Respiratory Journal ( ERJ ), Tashkin et al. 2 report the baseline results for bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients recruited in an ongoing, large chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical trial, the Understanding the Potential Long-Term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium (UPLIFT) trial 3. This report 2 challenges the vastly established concept that lung function in COPD is largely irreversible. Tashkin et al. 2 concluded that over one-half to nearly two-thirds of participating subjects met the most commonly used criteria for acute bronchodilator responsiveness, and more than one-third showed acute responsiveness by an increase in the percentage predicted criterion. Most certainly, the combined strategy employed in the UPLIFT trial involving the use of two bronchodilators (80 μg ipratropium and 400 μg salbutamol) to ensure maximum or near-maximum bronchodilation magnifies this biological finding.

Currently, both American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society 4 and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 5 …
Increase in serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein with aging in women. Implications for the mechanism of age-related bone loss.
Authors: P D Delmas, D Stenner, H W Wahner, K G Mann, B L Riggs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Because it is unclear whether age-related bone loss results from increased bone resorption, decreased bone formation or both, we measured the serum level of bone Gla-protein (BGP), a specific marker for bone turnover, in 174 women, ages 30 to 94 yr. Serum BGP increased linearly with aging (r = 0.44, P less than 0.001) from 4.4 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- SE) in the 4th decade to 8.9 +/- 0.9 ng/ml in the 10th decade. This increase correlated inversely (P less than 0.001) with concomitant decreases in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, midradius, and distal radius. Using partial correlation coefficients, serum BGP still correlated positively with age (r = 0.31, P less than 0.001) after creatinine clearance was fixed but not with creatinine clearance (r = -0.04, NS) when age was fixed. Urinary hydroxyproline (r = 0.29, P less than 0.001), an index of bone resorption, and serum alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.31, P less than 0.001), an index of bone formation, also increased with age and these increases correlated with increases in serum BGP (r = 0.39, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.43, P less than 0.001, respectively). Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations (r = 0.39, P less than 0.001) and urinary cyclic AMP excretion (r = 0.38, P less than 0.001) increased, suggesting that PTH secretion increased with age; these increases correlated significantly with increases in serum BGP. A subgroup of 32 women who were found to have vertebral fractures, hip fractures, or both had significantly higher values for serum BGP than the remainder. These data suggest that overall bone turnover increases in women with aging and, especially considering the concomitant decrease in skeletal mass, do not support the view that age-related bone loss results primarily from decreased bone formation.
Detection of an Alteration in the Insulin-Receptor Gene in a Patient with Insulin Resistance, Acanthosis Nigricans, and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Type A Insulin Resistance)
Authors: David E. Moller, Jeffrey S. Flier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

SEVERE insulin resistance is the central metabolic feature of a number of clinically diverse syndromes,1 including the type A syndrome (young female patients with insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and virilization),2 leprechaunism,3 the Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome,4 and lipoatropic diabetes.5 A reduced expression or function of insulin receptors has been demonstrated in freshly obtained cells from a number of patients with these diseases.2 , 6 7 8 9 The existence of familial clusterings and the presence of defects in cultured cell lines7 , 10 11 12 have led to the view that receptor defects in these disorders may be primary. The cloning of the complementary DNA (cDNA) of the normal human insulin . . .
Fatal Hyperpyrexia with Antidepressant Drugs
Authors: L. W. Bowen
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Feet and FashionSiRs-In connexion with your leading article " Feet and Fashion " (21 November, p. 1282), some figures concerning the epidemiology of fashion may be of interest to your readers.During school medical inspection in 1964 I have recorded the footwear of children in infant, junior, and secondary modern schools in Lancashire.The following Table shows the results.The figures are