tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unofficial Secrets: Child Sexual Abuse: the Cleveland Case and Child Sexual Abuse: Whose Problem? Reflections from Cleveland
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> possesses a single divergent <i>luxR/luxI-type</i> quorum sensing (QS) locus named <i>abaR/abaI.</i> This locus also contains a third gene located between <i>abaR</i> and <i>abaI</i> which we term <i>abaM</i> that codes for an uncharacterized member of the RsaM protein family known to regulate <i>N</i>-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) dependent QS in other β- and γ-proteobacteria. Here we show that disruption of <i>abaM</i> via a T26 insertion in <i>A. baumannii</i> strain AB5075 resulted in increased production of <i>N</i>-(3-hydroxydodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OHC12) and enhanced surface motility and biofilm formation. In contrast to the wild type and <i>abaI</i>::T26 mutant, the virulence of the <i>abaM</i>::T26 mutant was completely attenuated in a <i>Galleria mellonella</i> infection model. Transcriptomic analysis of the <i>abaM</i>::T26 mutant revealed that AbaM differentially regulates at least 76 genes including the <i>csu</i> pilus operon and the acinetin 505 lipopeptide biosynthetic operon, that are involved in surface adherence, biofilm formation and virulence. A comparison of the wild type, <i>abaM</i>::T26 and <i>abaI</i>::T26 transcriptomes, indicates that AbaM regulates ~21% of the QS regulon including the <i>csu</i> operon. Moreover, the QS genes (<i>abaI/abaR</i>) were among the most upregulated in the <i>abaM</i>::T26 mutant. <i>A. baumannii lux</i>-based <i>abaM</i> reporter gene fusions revealed that <i>abaM</i> expression is positively regulated by QS but negatively auto-regulated. Overall, the data presented in this work demonstrates that AbaM plays a central role in regulating <i>A. baumannii</i> QS, virulence, surface motility and biofilm formation. <h3>IMPORTANCE</h3> <i>Acinetobacter baumanni</i> is a multi-antibiotic resistant pathogen of global healthcare importance. Understanding <i>Acinetobacter</i> virulence gene regulation could aid the development of novel anti-infective strategies. In <i>A. baumannii,</i> the <i>abaR</i> and <i>abaI</i> genes that code for the receptor and synthase components of an <i>N</i>-acylhomoserine (AHL) lactone-dependent quorum sensing system (QS) are separated by <i>abaM.</i> Here we show that although mutation of <i>abaM</i> increased AHL production, surface motility and biofilm development, it resulted in the attenuation of virulence. AbaM was found to control both QS-dependent and QS-independent genes. The significance of this work lies in the identification of AbaM, an RsaM ortholog known to control virulence in plant pathogens, as a modulator of virulence in a human pathogen.
Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Metastatic Neoplasia
Authors: H. Hugh Fudenberg, Charles L. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The article by Yu et al. (p. 121), demonstrating the presence of one population of lymphocytes cytotoxic for autologous tumor cells and another inhibiting this cytotoxicity in patients with osteogenic sarcoma, is representative of the explosion of knowledge in fundamental immunologic mechanisms in the past five years and, perhaps more important, the rapid application of fundamental immunologic principles to further understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis and possible therapy of human diseases.As recently as 19711 the immunologic "experts" believed, with few exceptions, that there were but two types of lymphocytes, T and B, and that the single T-lymphocyte population performed . . .
Germinal centers in human lymph nodes contain reactivated memory B cells
Authors: Richard J. Bende, Febe van Maldegem, Martijn Triesscheijn, Thera A.M. Wormhoudt, Richard Guijt, Carel J.M. van Noesel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

To reveal migration trails of antigen-responsive B cells in lymphoid tissue, we analyzed immunoglobulin (Ig)M-V(H) and IgG-V(H) transcripts of germinal center (GC) samples microdissected from three reactive human lymph nodes. Single B cell clones were found in multiple GCs, one clone even in as many as 19 GCs. In several GCs, IgM and IgG variants of the same clonal origin were identified. The offspring of individual hypermutated IgG memory clones were traced in multiple GCs, indicating repeated engagement of memory B cells in GC reactions. These findings imply that recurring somatic hypermutation progressively drives the Ig repertoire of memory B cells to higher affinities and infer that transforming genetic hits in non-Ig genes during lymphomagenesis do not have to arise during a single GC passage, but can be collected during successive recall responses.
ZEB1 limits adenoviral infectability by transcriptionally repressing the Coxsackie virus and Adenovirus Receptor
Authors: Markus D Lacher, Marisa Shiina, Peter Chang, Debora Keller, Maarit I Tiirikainen, W Michael Korn
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Abstract Background We have previously reported that RAS-MEK (Cancer Res. 2003 May 1;63(9):2088-95) and TGF-β (Cancer Res. 2006 Feb 1;66(3):1648-57) signaling negatively regulate coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) cell-surface expression and adenovirus uptake. In the case of TGF-β, down-regulation of CAR occurred in context of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process associated with transcriptional repression of E-cadherin by, for instance, the E2 box-binding factors Snail, Slug, SIP1 or ZEB1. While EMT is crucial in embryonic development, it has been proposed to contribute to the formation of invasive and metastatic carcinomas by reducing cell-cell contacts and increasing cell migration. Results Here, we show that ZEB1 represses CAR expression in both PANC-1 (pancreatic) and MDA-MB-231 (breast) human cancer cells. We demonstrate that ZEB1 physically associates with at least one of two closely spaced and conserved E2 boxes within the minimal CAR promoter here defined as genomic region -291 to -1 relative to the translational start ATG. In agreement with ZEB1's established role as a negative regulator of the epithelial phenotype, silencing its expression in MDA-MB-231 cells induced a partial Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition (MET) characterized by increased levels of E-cadherin and CAR, and decreased expression of fibronectin. Conversely, knockdown of ZEB1 in PANC-1 cells antagonized both the TGF-β-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin and CAR and the reduction of adenovirus uptake. Interestingly, even though ZEB1 clearly contributes to the TGF-β-induced mesenchymal phenotype of PANC-1 cells, TGF-β did not seem to affect ZEB1's protein levels or subcellular localization. These findings suggest that TGF-β may inhibit CAR expression by regulating factor(s) that cooperate with ZEB1 to repress the CAR promoter, rather than by regulating ZEB1 expression levels. In addition to the negative E2 box-mediated regulation the minimal CAR promoter is positively regulated through conserved ETS and CRE elements. Conclusions This report provides evidence that inhibition of ZEB1 may improve adenovirus uptake of cancer cells that have undergone EMT and for which ZEB1 is necessary to maintain the mesenchymal phenotype. Targeting of ZEB1 may reverse some aspects of EMT including the down-regulation of CAR.
Biochemical Disorders in Human Disease
Authors: William S. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This second edition retains all the excellent features of the first edition and adds 223 pages of new material and emendations of old material. There are 24 chapters written by 32 authorities actively engaged in their respective fields. Most of the authors are from Great Britain. Six are from the United States, not including the late Dr. S. J. Thanhauser, whose masterful chapter on lipoidosis has been adequately rewritten by Dr. N. Zöllner of Munich. Most of the authors have successfully combined the didactic with the documentary approach. That the latter is dominant is indicated by the 117 pages of references in addition to the 33 three-column pages of the author index. The presentation of biochemical disorders in terms of the diseases of the various organs has on the whole proved successful here because of the special knowledge and enthusiasm brought to each chapter by the individual authors. However there
Environmental Factors in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: KRISHNA S. MATHUR
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Various factors relating to coronary heart disease were investigated in 2 groups of patients: 553 patients with clinical coronary heart disease and 1,056 persons selected in a field survey of the general population. The incidence of coronary disease was high in the urban population, in the upper socioeconomic classes, and in persons with highest amounts of total dietary fat and highest percentage of calories from dietary fat. Total serum cholesterol, serum phospholipid, and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio were higher in the coronary group. Finally, it seemed that physical activity was less and emotional stress and strain greater in the patients with coronary disease. No relation between coronary disease and smoking or alcohol was established.
Abstract 1644: Sunitinib primarily acts on tumor endothelium but not tumor cells to inhibit renal cell carcinoma tumor growth
Authors: Dan Huang, Yan Ding, Yan Li, Wang-Mei Luo, Zhong-Fa Zhang, John Snider, Kristin VandenBeldt, Chao-Nan Qian, Bin Tean Teh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Sunitinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), is considered the standard of care for first line therapy of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, a complete understanding of its targets and mechanism of action in the treatment of ccRCC remains incomplete. We aimed to evaluate the primary targets of sunitinib in the treatment of ccRCC (i.e. tumor cells versus endothelial cells) and to determine which RTK(s) specifically contribute to the therapeutic effect of sunitinib. Microarray gene expression profiling of human ccRCC samples showed that, of the known RTK targets of sunitinib, only PDGFR-β and VEGFR-2 were overexpressed in ccRCC relative to normal tissues. Western blotting of ccRCC and endothelial cell lines confirmed that PDGFR and VEGFR, but not other sunitinib targets, were expressed in these cells. In vitro studies found that sunitinib was unable to inhibit survival or proliferation of ccRCC cells at pharmacologically relevant concentrations (∼0.1 μM) which inhibit RTK targets. In contrast, sunitinib inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and invasion at these concentrations through suppression of VEGFR-2 signaling. Sunitinib inhibited growth of ccRCC xenografts and decreased tumor microvessel density as soon as 12 hours post-treatment; however, sunitinib showed no significant effects on tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis after up to 72 hours post-treatment. Our studies indicate that sunitinib inhibits ccRCC growth primarily through an anti-angiogenic mechanism and not through direct targeting of ccRCC tumor cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1644.
Idiopathic Colonic Varices: A Case Report
Authors: C. Abraham-Igwe, R. Patel
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

A 37-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of intermittent rectal bleeding, and was found to be anaemic. Flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed colonic varices, as well as a polypoid tumour in the sigmoid. Sigmoid colectomy was performed, and the subsequent histopathology revealed a Duke's B carcinoma. The patient had another brisk bleed per rectum 3 months later, and required a transfusion of 4 units of blood. Colonoscopy revealed no focal source for the bleeding, apart from generalized colonic varices (Figure [1]).
Studies in Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas
Authors: Harry Shwachman, N. Gahm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE measurement of the sodium and chloride concentration in body sweat is now a well established diagnostic procedure in the study of patients suspected of having cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. The original and important observation of the elevated sweat electrolytes in patients with cystic fibrosis by Darling et al.1 imposed conditions for the collection of sweat that limited the application of their findings to the few institutions where the temperature and humidity of a specially constructed room could be carefully controlled (temperature of 90°F., and humidity of 50 per cent). Shwachman, Dooley and Higgins (1954) devised a practical method . . .
One Man's Medicine
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<b>Too Much Tenderness: An Autobiography of Childhood and Youth,</b>by Christopher Elliott-Binns, 214 pp, $17.50, Boston, Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul Ltd, 1983. Two new autobiographies by British general practitioners cover the same era but quite different ground. Both<i>One Man's Medicine and Too Much Tenderness</i>take place during World War II and the surrounding years. The first is chronological autobiography, the second, thematic reminiscence based on episodes of romantic love. Morris Gibson learned medicine in his native Scotland and later practiced in Yorkshire. Reviews and press releases compare his book to those of veterinarian James Herriot, also Scottish and a Yorkshire practitioner, who has written the foreword to Gibson's book. (Curiously, Herriot writes "I have no knowledge of how Morris Gibson was launched on his literary career but I wonder if he needed some sort of a push," while the author in his acknowledgements recounts, "The Yorkshire winds and snow
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome During Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: J. P. Greenhill
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brown Fat FDG Uptake Abolished By Radiotherapy
Authors: Shivany Gnaneswaran, Brendan Tandy, Michael J. Fulham
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 47-year-old woman with non small cell lung cancer underwent a 18F-FDG PET/CT scan to assess disease progression after she developed a second non small cell lung cancer. Seven years earlier, she had a left lower lobectomy adjuvant chemoradiation for stage IIIA disease with microscopic subcarinal nodal involvement. There was markedly increased FDG uptake into brown fat in the soft tissues of the posterior lateral head neck, both supra- and infra-clavicular fossae and the right costovertebral region. Brown fat FDG uptake in the left costovertebral region was absent below the left third rib, which corresponded to the radiation field.
106 MYRISTOYLATED ALANINE RICH PROTEIN KINASE C SUBSTRATE (MARCKS), A FUNDAMENTAL CELL CYCLE REGULATOR OF THE MITOTIC PROCESS IN HUMAN HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS (HHSC)
Authors: K. Rombouts, T. Mello, A. Caligiuri, F. Marra, M. Pinzani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
APPLICATION OF SURVIVAL MODELS IN SPORTS INJURY PREVENTION RESEARCH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: A Mahmood, S Ullah, CF Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Use of survival models for the analysis of sports injury data has grown rapidly potentially enabling better understanding of time to sports injury events. Choosing an appropriate model is a key consideration for survival analysis of sports injuries. Objective To identify the application of appropriate survival modelling strategies in sports injury prevention research. Design Systematic review. Setting Studies were identified by searching six databases and the table of contents of three journals, and evaluated using the PRISMA statement. Reference lists of selected papers were examined to identify additional relevant articles.The search was limited to: original sports injury studies in humans; English-language; published between Jan 1993 and July 2013, inclusive. Main outcome measurements Features of survival models, estimators and graphical approaches. Results A total of 2147 articles were identified, of which 103 met the inclusion criteria. There has been an increasing trend in use of survival analysis of sports injury data, with 88.0% of the reviewed articles published since 2005. Models identified were: Univariate Cox regression in 62 studies (60.2%); Multivariate Cox regression in 12 studies (11.7%); both univariate and multivariate cox regression in 12 studies (11.7%), frailty model with Univariate Cox regression, Andersen Gill model, WLW-TT model and PWP-GT model in two studies (1.9%); frailty model only in three studies (2.9 %); and Hurdle regression was used in one study (1.0%). Kaplan Meier only was applied in 11 studies (10.7%). Time to first event was considered in 48 studies (46.6%), and recurrent events in 14 studies (13.6%). Five studies used survival models specific for recurrent events. Conclusions Use of survival analysis is currently largely limited to modelling of the time to first injury. Even though sports injuries are often recurrent, only in a small number of studies was the correlation structure of recurrent events considered. Future studies should consider recurrent injuries and apply the appropriate survival model.
Quantitative determination of trinitroglycerin in human plasma.
Authors: J Y Wei, P R Reid
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We developed a simplified method for quantitative measurement of trinitroglycerin in human plasma using hexane extraction and analysis by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. This assay was linear from 0.5-60 ng/ml. Sensitivity and reproducibility were +/- 0.5 ng/ml. We used this assay to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of trinitroglycerin in 14 patients. Maximum plasma levels were similar with trinitroglycerin given by constant intravenous infusion (1.6 +/- 0.4 ng/ml (SEM)), transcutaneously (2.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml), or sublingually (1.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml). Despite similar levels and hemodynamic responses after intravenous trinitroglycerin, the dose range was wide (37.5-175 microg/min, n = 5), emphasizing the need to individualize therapy. In normal volunteers on no other drugs, the plasma level time course followed changes in heart rate better than blood pressure changes. Use of the trinitroglycerin assay may enhance optimization of trinitroglycerin therapy when administered by different methods.
RABBIT LYMPHOID CELLS DIFFERENTIATED WITH RESPECT TO α-, γ-, AND µ- HEAVY POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS AND TO ALLOTYPIC MARKERS A<scp>A</scp>1 AND A<scp>A</scp>2
Authors: J. J. Cebra, J. E. Colberg, S. Dray
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Lymphoid cells present in spleen and lymph nodes of hyperimmune rabbits were found to be differentiated with respect to the class of immunoglobulin heavy chain which they contained. The relative proportions of cells containing the various heavy chains were as follows: α-chain (5 to 8%), µ-chain (14 to 21%), and γ-chain (71 to 81%). The allotypic markers Aa1 and Aa2, found on heavy chains, were also found to be separately localized in cells of Aa1/Aa2 heterozygous rabbits. The ratio of cells in spleen and lymph nodes containing the Aa1 marker to those containing the Aa2 marker varied with individual rabbits; the range was 53 to 88% Aa1 versus 12 to 47% Aa2.
Possible sources of discrepancies in the use of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. Impact on prevalence of insensate foot and workload requirements.
Authors: M McGill, L Molyneaux, R Spencer, L F Heng, D K Yue
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different testing sites and buckling strengths on the sensitivity and specificity of using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament to detect patients with insensate foot. The impact on workload required to educate and follow up these high-risk individuals was estimated by modeling in our patient population with a documented status of neuropathy.Using the 5.07/10-g monofilament, one observer tested 132 randomly selected subjects with diabetes at five sites on the right foot. The sensitivity and specificity of each site and combinations of sites in detecting vibration perception threshold > 40 was calculated. In addition, two monofilaments, one with a buckling force of 5 g and the other with a force of 15 g, were compared by testing 200 randomly selected patients. An estimate of the prevalence of insensate foot and workload was made by modeling the findings to the 5,270 patients with neuropathy status registered on our computerized database.Specificity of the 5.07/10-g monofilament to detect insensate foot at each of the five sites is high, at approximately 90%, but there is considerably more variation and lower sensitivity, ranging from 44-71%. Data derived from the use of different combinations of sites showed that more stringent criteria are associated with lower sensitivity but higher specificity. If the foot is considered insensate when either of sites 3 and 4 (plantar aspect of the first and fifth metatarsal heads, respectively) cannot feel the monofilament, there is reasonable sensitivity and specificity (80-86%, respectively). By modeling on our diabetes center population, it can be demonstrated that the choice of different methodologies leads to different conclusions about the prevalence of severe neuropathy, ranging from 3.4 to 29.3%.Using a combination of sites 3 and 4 for monofilament testing gives a reasonable compromise for time, sensitivity, and specificity. Minor changes in sensitivity and specificity can lead to major changes in the prevalence of neuropathy, with implications for workload.
PREVENTION OF STERILITY
Authors: DONALD MACOMBER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The great interest recently shown by the profession in the problems of sterility has given a renewed impetus to the study of this subject and has called attention to the large economic and social aspects of the question. It has not been generally recognized, however, that sterility presents its problems not only to the specialist, but also, to an even greater degree, to the general practitioner of medicine. The rôle of the practitioner is not the same as that of the specialist. The latter is called in as an expert in diagnosis or treatment, to deal with conditions that have already arisen; the practitioner's rôle is rather one of prevention, as, in fact, it always has been. He is the middleman between patient and specialist, and it is his duty to disseminate knowledge of those particular laws of hygiene, the breaking of which is almost always responsible for the development