tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HBsAg carrier infants with serum anti-HBc negativity
Authors: Shou-Dong Lee, Kwang-Juei Lo, Yang-Te Tsai, Jaw-Ching Wu, Tzee-Chung Wu
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

A total of 128 HBsAg carrier infants born to HBeAg-positive HBsAg carrier mothers were tested for serum HBsAg, HBeAg, hepatitis B virus DNA and anti-HBc. Ninety-three of them had received hepatitis B vaccination. Anti-HBc had been found to be negative in sera of 12 infants who were HBsAg, HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA positive during the follow-up period of 3 to 5 years. Liver damage, as measured by serum ALT levels, was found to be normal among the 12 HBsAg carrier infants with serum anti-HBc negativity, whereas 39.7% of the 116 anti-HBc-positive HBsAg carrier infants had abnormal ALT levels during the follow-up period. Anti-HBe and anti-HBs also were not detected in sera of these anti-HBc-negative HBsAg carrier infants. Thus, HBsAg carrier infants with anti-HBc negativity probably result from immune incompetency of the hepatitis B virus antigens.
Abstract 4387: Reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death by psoralidin in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Srinivasan Sowmyalakshmi, Raj Kumar, Pallab Pahari, Jurgen Rohr, Chendil Damodaran
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels may lead to either cell proliferation or death based on the cell type. It is well established that in cancer cells the basal levels of ROS is significantly higher when compared to their normal counterparts. Thus, identifying non-toxic small molecules which induces ROS specifically in cancer cells may be of enormous importance in cancer therapy. We have previously shown that psoralidin, a natural compound derived from Psoralea corylifolia specifically induces apoptosis in prostate cancer (PCa) cells (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP and C4-2B). In this study we dissected the role of ROS in psoralidin-induced cell death in PCa. Our results suggested that psoralidin significantly induces ROS generation in both androgen-responsive (LNCaP) and -refractory (PC-3, DU-145 and C4-2B) PCa cells when compared to normal prostate epithelial cells (PzHPv7); leading to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome-c, caspase activation (9 and 3) and induction of apoptosis. In addition, induction of ROS downregulates pAkt expression and kinase activity, NF-κB (p65, p50 and p55) and mTOR (pp70S6K and p4E-BP1)-mediated pro-survival signaling in PCa cells. On the other hand, inhibition of ROS generation by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented psoralidin-mediated anticancer effects on PCa. Collectively, our results suggest that psoralidin-mediated ROS generation in PCa cells causes inhibition of survival/proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Further investigation of the mechanism of action of psoralidin may facilitate initiation of clinical trials using psoralidin for the treatment of PCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4387.
UK aid policy focuses on family planning for world's women
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The UK government is to put family planning at the heart of its approach to women’s health in the developing world, international development secretary Andrew Mitchell has said.

The new approach will see a “significant increase” in the availability of family planning and a new focus on maternal and newborn health, accompanied by a “wide ranging” consultation exercise. Initial responses from development agencies have been largely positive, although there is concern that the focus on newborns will be at the expense of health care for under fives.

Mr Mitchell’s department estimates there are currently 215 million women in the developing world who would like to delay or avoid their …
Gastrointestinal Cytomegalovirus Disease
Authors: Richard W. Goodgame
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To describe the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, the types and locations of gastrointestinal lesions, the clinical settings in which they occur, and the specific methods available to diagnose and treat the disease. Data Sources: Relevant English-language articles were identified through a MEDLINE search from 1985 to 1992. Articles referenced in the bibliographies of these articles and others were searched by hand. Study Selection: All articles that documented the occurrence of gastrointestinal CMV infection in humans, based on the finding of typical cytomegalic cells in histologic specimens, were selected for review. Data Extraction: Studies were grouped by content pertaining to pathogenesis, clinical setting, gastrointestinal location, diagnosis, or treatment. Data Synthesis: Gastrointestinal CMV disease is an erosive or ulcerative process that can occur at any location in the gastrointestinal tract, from mouth to rectum. Cytomegalovirus infection of columnar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, myocytes, and fibroblasts causes tissue destruction and ulceration. Serious CMV disease most frequently occurs with immune deficiency, such as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, after organ transplantation, after cancer chemotherapy, and after steroid therapy. Symptoms and signs depend on which part of the gastrointestinal tract is involved. Diagnosis depends on a positive mucosal biopsy that shows the presence of CMV by histopathologic or other techniques. In patients with persistent immune deficiency, progressive intestinal disease and death are frequent. Treatment with ganciclovir or foscarnet often heals intestinal lesions. Conclusions: Internists should be aware of the various clinical settings and locations in the gastrointestinal tract in which CMV disease occurs. Patients with immune deficiency and gastrointestinal signs and symptoms should have imaging tests and mucosal biopsies to investigate the possibility of CMV intestinal disease. Treatment with antiviral chemotherapy improves outcome in many patients.
A pragmatic approach to the adaptation and implementation of internationally developed clinical practice guidelines for Kazakhstan
Authors: Eva Slawecki, Peter Campbell, Eddy Lang, Jessie McGowan, Sergei Muratov
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundThe Canadian Society for International Health (CSIH) has developed a systematic approach to support the introduction of high-quality evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in Kazakhstan. We describe a process enabling the large-scale selection and adaptation of high-quality international CPGs requisite to the project, and how these are applied at the points of care to achieve tangible results in terms of improved patient care.MethodsThe CPG adaptation and implementation process used was both pragmatic and useful to national contexts and needs. The strategies used robust methods reported in the international medical literature; CSIH provided additional technical support, capacity-building, and customised instruments to aid implementation. The process involved clear assignment of tasks and roles between the partners, emphasising accountability throughout the adaptation and implementation process.FindingsDuring the 3-year partnership, 100 CPG candidates were identified, 42 of these were adapted for use in Kazakhstan, and implementation of three of these CPGs began. Key challenges at the time of adaptation included obtaining permission to use and translate guidelines and local partners' limited experience with the principles of evidence-based medicine. Barriers to implementation included contradiction between evidence-based CPGs and national clinical protocols, little capacity to perform required tests, and physicians' and patients' attitudes.InterpretationA preliminary review showed much success with the CPG implementation process at each of the three pilot sites. The monitoring process was a new approach for the implementation sites. It was determined that this approach to CPG implementation could extrapolate to activities at other sites in Kazakhstan.FundingNone.
Patient-initiated, twice-daily oral famciclovir for early recurrent genital herpes. A randomized, double-blind multicenter trial. Canadian Famciclovir Study Group
Authors: S. L. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To compare the efficacy and safety of episodic patient-initiated oral famciclovir with placebo in recurrent genital herpes.Randomized, double-blind, frequent-observation, dose-ranging study comparing twice-daily 125-mg, 250-mg, or 500-mg oral famciclovir with placebo. Patients initiated therapy after self-culturing, reported to the clinic within 12 hours, and were assessed twice daily for at least 5 days.Fifteen Canadian university, private practice, or public outpatient clinics.A total of 692 patients with culture-proven recurrent genital herpes were randomized; 467 patients experienced a symptomatic episode and commenced treatment.Time to complete healing of all lesions.Famciclovir (all doses) was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing time to healing, time to cessation of viral shedding, and durations of lesion edema, vesicles, ulcers, and crusts. Times to cessation of all symptoms and of moderate to severe lesion tenderness, pain, and burning were also reduced. Patients who initiated famciclovir prior to viral shedding were more likely to not shed virus throughout. All doses were equally effective, safe, and well tolerated.Oral famciclovir reduced the onset and duration of viral shedding, lesion persistence, and uncomfortable symptoms. Several individual symptoms and lesion stages were also reduced in duration by this episodic therapy. Additionally, our twice-daily observation trial design proved to be a helpful tool for studying recurrent disease. Episodic oral famciclovir provides a convenient and effective alternative for those patients with recurrent genital herpes whose frequency rates do not require continuous antiviral suppression.
Twenty-Second Annual Pezcoller Symposium: RNA Biology and Cancer
Authors: René Bernards, Witold Filipowicz, David M. Livingston, Enrico Mihich
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The 22nd annual Pezcoller Symposium titled "RNA Biology and Cancer" was held in Trento, Italy, on June 10-12, 2010. The program of the symposium was developed by Drs. Rene Bernards, Witold Filipowicz, and David Livingston; they cochaired the meeting in cooperation with Dr. Enrico Mihich. The topics discussed included the opportunities offered by small RNA as tools for cancer drug development, the role of noncoding RNAs, the biochemistry of small RNAs, the function of micro RNA in cancer, and RNAs as diagnostics and therapeutics in cancer.
Hypertension Caused by Tranylcypromine and Cheese
Authors: William E. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Physicians in the United States have recently been receiving drug warnings from the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories concerning possible side effects of tranylcypromine (Parnate) sulfate. These reactions have consisted chiefly of paradoxical hypertension and severe headache. There have been recent reports from England of serious reactions occurring in patients receiving this drug who had eaten cheese. The latest reports from S K &amp; F indicate that no cases of this type have been published in the United States. This circumstance, together with the fact that Nathan S. Kline, MD, Director of Research at the Rockland State Hospital in Orangeburg, NY, in a telephone conversation with me on Nov 8, stated that to the best of his knowledge no reactions involving the simultaneous use of tranylcypromine sulfate and cheese had been reported in this country, stimulated me to make this report. A 74-year-old woman who is obviously
Use of Vaccinia Virus in the Treatment of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma
Authors: I. Hunter-Craig, K. A. Newton, G. Westbury, B. W. Lacey
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Of 19 patients with proved metastases from malignant melanoma treated by inoculations of smallpox vaccine, intradermal deposits disappeared completely in six out of ten cases. Five of these remained well 2 to 22 months after initial treatment. The response was limited strictly to the site of inoculation. The mechanism of action of vaccinia virus in malignant melanoma is not clear.
Characterization of the killer cell generated in the autologous mixed leukocyte reaction.
Authors: M Goto, N J Zvaifler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Cytotoxic cells are produced in an autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (AMLR). At 1 wk in culture the AMLR killers are mainly IgG Fc- cells and can kill autologous lymphoblastoid cell lines and Raji and Daudi targets that are usually resistant to natural killer cell (NK) lysis. To define the phenotype of these cells, we have used complement (C')-mediated lysis with monoclonal antibodies (MAb). AMLR killer activity was virtually eliminated by treatment with C' and 9.6 or 4F2, but the cytotoxic cells did not express NK-specific antigens, OKM1 and Leu-7, nor cytolytic T lymphocyte-specific antigens, 9.3 and OKT8. None of the 10 MAb used could significantly block cytotoxicity at the final concentration of 1.5 mcg/ml which is generally sufficient to inhibit CTL. The majority of cells at 1 wk in AMLR cultures stained with T cell activation antigens Ia and 4F2; AMLR killing was proportional to the percentage of 4F2+ cells but unrelated to the expression of Ia antigen.
Strokes in Young Adults
Authors: B. I. B. Seneviratne, B. Ameratunga
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Occlusion of the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery was seen in 44 young adults of both sexes from a rural population in Ceylon over a period of four years. None had hypertension, diabetes, prediabetes, or hypercholesterolaemia. There were 19 men with internal carotid occlusions, most being due to atherosclerotic thrombosis. The high incidence of atherosclerosis in these patients on a marginal diet remains an enigma, and we suggest that carbohydrate-induced hyperlipidaemia might be an important aetiological factor. There were 13 men with middle cerebral occlusions, the aetiology of which remains obscure. Occult embolism or atherothrombosis are suggested as possible causative factors. Of the 12 women five had middle cerebral artery occlusions in the last trimester of pregnancy and two had internal carotid artery occlusions in the puerperium. The pattern of ischaemic strokes in women aged 15-45 was similar to that observed in Western countries, though our patients differed ethnologically and in dietary habits.
GE-11 * THE FLORIDA CENTER FOR BRAIN TUMOR RESEARCH (FCBTR): BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE TO FIND A CURE
Authors: B. Frentzen,, D. Mitchell,, W. A. Friedman, A. Yachnis, R. McTiernan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: High quality tumor samples and DNA, coupled with annotated clinical data are the building blocks of basic, translational, and clinical research but are often difficult to obtain in a high-quality and standardized format and are expensive to maintain. In 2006, the legislature of the State of Florida appropriated funding for the Florida Center for Brain Tumor Research (FCBTR) to establish a coordinated biorepository and annotated clinical database among the state's public and private universities, hospitals, and biomedical industries. METHODS: Infrastructure for the collection, storage, and distribution of tumor and normal tissues and DNA is maintained by the FCBTR. Central coordination and annotated clinical database management is facilitated at the University of Florida. Samples are collected and distributed under institutional IRB approval. Participating member institutions (n = 8) are represented on the FCBTR Scientific Advisory Council through gubernatorial or state legislature appointed representatives that provide governing oversight of FCBTR operations. In collaboration with ABC2, peer-reviewed FCBTR pilot grants have been awarded to investigators throughout the state of Florida to support brain tumor research initiatives. RESULTS: To date, 8506 samples from 1100 patients have been collected under IRB approval by the FCBTR. Eight research awards to neuro-oncology investigators have been funded through the pilot award program. Distribution of FCBTR-maintained tissues has supported over thirty publications, submissions to The Cancer Genome Atlas, and several awarded and pending NIH grants. A NIH R24 (Resource-Related Research Project) grant to establish, characterize, and distribute primary glioma stem cell-like lines (GSCs) has been awarded to UF, with the FCBTR functioning as the coordinating center for deposition and distribution of GSC resources. CONCLUSIONS: State support for multi-institutional biorepositories is a model that should be considered by state legislatures for advancement of brain tumor research and other disease-related research initiatives.
Science and Innovation: The US Pharmaceutical Industry During the 1980s
Authors: Bert Spilker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

As with other industries, the driving force behind the pharmaceutical industry is economic. However, the economic influences affecting pharmaceutical companies differ markedly from those affecting other industries. Among the major differences are price controls imposed in some countries and threatened in others; the substitution of generic products for the innovator's product, once the original patent runs out; and the shrinking number of customers for drugs. Purchasing decisions are now being made primarily by formulary committees of hospitals, consortia, and managed care institutions. This book, written by a professor of economics, focuses on economics, but none of the topics mentioned above is discussed in any depth. Rather, the author discusses the economics of drug discovery and, to a lesser degree, drug development. Precise economic models of drug discovery and development are presented. Gambardella describes the transition of drug discovery during this century from random screening and trial-and-error methods to the more
Edward Granville Woodchurch Clarke
Authors: Carol French
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Binfield, Berkshire (b 1914; q Oxford/St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1940; MC), died from ischaemic vascular disease on 30 April 2003.

During the second world war he served in Burma, where he was awarded the Military Cross for bravery, rescuing casualties under fire. Returning from the war, he settled in Ruthin, Denbighshire, where he built up a thriving singlehanded practice. After 10 years he moved to Binfield in Berkshire, where he once again built up a singlehanded practice in the village. He enjoyed 20 years of retired life until Parkinson's disease affected his mobility. Predeceased by his wife, Patricia, he leaves three daughters and eight grandchildren.
Efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment of port wine stain malformations of the lower limb
Authors: S. Sommer, D.C. Seukeran, R.A. Sheehan-Dare
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background There is relatively little information about treatment of port wine stains (PWS) of the lower limb. Few studies have specifically addressed the efficacy of pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment of a PWS on the lower limb and there is no information on the relative efficacy at different sites on the lower limb. It has been suggested that treatment is not as successful when compared with the face and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation has been reported to be a significant problem. Objectives To review retrospectively patients who attended for PDL treatment of PWS affecting the lower limb and assess the efficacy and adverse effects with particular reference to skin site. Methods A retrospective review was carried out of patients attending the Leeds Dermatology Laser Centre for treatment of a PWS on the lower limb with a 585‐nm PDL. Results A total of 52 sites in 39 patients were treated: 17 on the thigh, 31 on the lower leg and four on the foot. The mean number of sessions per patient was 14, with an excellent outcome in seven treatment sites (13·5%), good in 13 (25%), moderate in 21 (40·4%) and poor outcome in 11 (21·1%). Patients were generally pleased with their results with a mean improvement of 7 on a scale of 0–10. Perifollicular persistence of the PWS was observed in six sites (11·5%). Adverse effects occurred in 36 patients (92·3%), most commonly hyperpigmentation (87%). Six patients (15·4%) developed atrophic scarring and four (10·3%) hypopigmentation. Atrophie blanche‐like changes were seen in four patients on the lower leg. Hypertrophic scarring was not seen. Conclusions Although physician‐assessed good or excellent responses of 38·5% are lower than frequently reported for other skin sites and adverse effects may be more frequent, patient satisfaction with treatment was generally high. Patients with PWS on the lower limb merit a trial of PDL treatment.
Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: neurobehavioral work group summary.
Authors: J Adams, S Barone, A LaMantia, R Philen, D C Rice, L Spear, E Susser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

This paper summarizes the deliberations of a work group charged with addressing specific questions relevant to risk estimation in developmental neurotoxicology. We focused on eight questions. a) Does it make sense to think about discrete windows of vulnerability in the development of the nervous system? If it does, which time periods are of greatest importance? b) Are there cascades of developmental disorders in the nervous system? For example, are there critical points that determine the course of development that can lead to differences in vulnerabilities at later times? c) Can information on critical windows suggest the most susceptible subgroups of children (i.e., age groups, socioeconomic status, geographic areas, race, etc.)? d) What are the gaps in existing data for the nervous system or end points of exposure to it? e) What are the best ways to examine exposure-response relationships and estimate exposures in vulnerable life stages? f) What other exposures that affect development at certain ages may interact with exposures of concern? g) How well do laboratory animal data predict human response? h) How can all of this information be used to improve risk assessment and public health (risk management)? In addressing these questions, we provide a brief overview of brain development from conception through adolescence and emphasize vulnerability to toxic insult throughout this period. Methodological issues focus on major variables that influence exposure or its detection through disruptions of behavior, neuroanatomy, or neurochemical end points. Supportive evidence from studies of major neurotoxicants is provided.
Law and Ethics in the Medical Office, Including Bioethical Issues
Authors: Jerry Zaslow
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book is really a glossary of medicolegal terms and of various bioethical issues with which the practicing physician is concerned. It is written primarily for those persons who help the physician in various capacities. While it states that it is for those in the medical office, it is really for anyone involved with medical care, whether in hospital, clinic, office, nursing home, or other skilled facilities. It does not attempt to go into depth in any of the areas it discusses, but it does give the reader an overview of the legal system as it operates and the legal problems that confront those providing medical care. It does not pretend to cover its areas fully, but it does admirably briefly define those in which a health care provider would be interested.  Each chapter starts with a group of learning objectives and concludes with discussion questions. Between those two areas