tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Purse-String Suture vs Second Intention Healing
Authors: Jayne Joo, Trenton Custis, April W. Armstrong, Thomas H. King, Kenny Omlin, Stefani T. Kappel, Daniel B. Eisen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Purse-string suture is a closure method that purportedly reduces the scar area compared with second intention healing. Randomized clinical trials comparing these 2 methods appear to be limited or absent.To determine if purse-string suture improves cosmetic outcome, healing time, and scar to defect area compared with second intention healing for circular defects on the trunk and extremities.Prospective, 2-arm, randomized, evaluator-blinded clinical trial in a single-center outpatient academic dermatology center. Patients were eligible if they were older than 18 years, able to give informed consent, and had circular or oval postoperative defects larger than 8 mm on the trunk or extremities.For the purse-string treatment arm, wounds were sewn in circumferential fashion using polydiaxanone suture. Patients in the other treatment arm were allowed to heal by second intent.The primary outcome measures were the mean total Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) scores ascertained from the patient and 2 blinded observers. Secondary outcomes included the ratio of scar to initial defect size, healing time, pain scores, and complication rates.Fifty-two patients were screened, and a total of 44 patients with 50 surgical sites were enrolled. Forty-two patients with 48 surgical sites completed the study. The mean total observer POSAS score was 18.38 for the purse-string group vs 19.91 for the secondary intention group, a nonsignificant difference (P = .41). Similarly, there were no significant differences for any of the following secondary outcome measures: mean total patient POSAS score (P = .96), mean scar-to-defect area (P = .61), and mean pain level at week 1 (P = .19). Statistical trends toward significance were seen in the mean healing time in favor of purse-string suture (P = .10) and scar relief, which favored second intention healing (P = .07).The purse-string suture results in similar cosmetic outcomes, scar sizes, and pain levels compared with second intention healing for circular or oval wounds on the trunk and extremities. A larger study might better define the potential differences in our secondary outcome measures of healing time and scar relief.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02062866.
Reviews and Notes: Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pain by Body Region
Authors: Bernard Slosberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 March 1994Reviews and Notes: Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pain by Body RegionBernard SlosbergBernard SlosbergGeorge Washington University School of Medicine. Washington, DC 20038Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pain by Body RegionStanley L. Wiener. 845 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1993. $65.00.The number of general texts and manuals available for adult primary care physicians has grown rapidly in recent years. Some of these have followed the traditional style of providing an exhaustive description of all facts related to a specific disease. Others are more problem-oriented, offering guidance from the point of initial presentation of a problem or therapeutic options for problems without a precise diagnosis. This book is distinctive in its user-friendly format. It is problem-oriented, focusing on the cardinal symptom of pain ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: George Washington University School of Medicine. Washington, DC 20038 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 5Page: 445KeywordsPrimary care physiciansStroke ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Portrait of an immunoregulatory bifidobacterium
Authors: Patrycja Konieczna, Cezmi A. Akdis, Eamonn M.M. Quigley, Fergus Shanahan, Liam O'Mahony
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

There is increasing interest in the administration of microbes or microbial metabolites for the prevention and treatment of aberrant inflammatory activity. The protective effects associated with these microbes are mediated by multiple mechanisms involving epithelial cells, DCs and T cells, but most data are derived from animal models. In this addendum, we summarize our recent data, showing that oral consumption of Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 is associated with enhanced IL-10 secretion and Foxp3 expression in human peripheral blood. In addition, we discuss the potential DC subset-specific mechanisms, which could contribute to DCREG and TREG programming by specific gut microbes.
Synthetic amphipathic helical peptides that mimic apolipoprotein A-I in clearing cellular cholesterol.
Authors: A J Mendez, G M Anantharamaiah, J P Segrest, J F Oram
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Clearance of excess cholesterol from cells by HDL is facilitated by the interaction of HDL apolipoproteins with cell-surface binding sites or receptors, a process that may be important in preventing atherosclerosis. In this study, synthetic peptides containing 18-mer amphipathic helices of the class found in HDL apolipoproteins (class A) were tested for their abilities to remove cholesterol and phospholipid from cultured sterol-laden fibroblasts and macrophages and to interact with cell-surface HDL binding sites. Lipid-free peptides containing two identical tandem repeats of class A amphipathic helices promoted cholesterol and phospholipid efflux from cells and depleted cellular cholesterol accessible for esterification by acyl CoA/cholesterol acyltransferase, similar to what was observed for purified apolipoprotein A-I. Peptide-mediated removal of plasma membrane cholesterol and depletion of acyl CoA/cholesterol acyltransferase-accessible cholesterol appeared to occur by separate mechanisms, as the latter process was less dependent on extracellular phospholipid. The dimeric amphipathic helical peptides also competed for high-affinity HDL binding sites on cholesterol-loaded fibroblasts and displayed saturable high-affinity binding to the cell surface. In contrast, peptides with a single helix had little or no ability to remove cellular cholesterol and phospholipid, or to interact with HDL binding sites, suggesting that cooperativity between two or more helical repeats is required for these activities. Thus, synthetic peptides comprising dimers of a structural motif common to exchangeable apolipoproteins can mimic apolipoprotein A-I in both binding to putative cell-surface receptors and clearing cholesterol from cells.
Endothelial mitochondrial oxidative stress determines podocyte depletion in segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Ilse Daehn, Gabriella Casalena, Taoran Zhang, Shaolin Shi, Franz Fenninger, Nicholas Barasch, Liping Yu, Vivette D’Agati, Detlef Schlondorff, Wilhelm Kriz, Borje Haraldsson, Erwin P. Bottinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is a primary kidney disease that is commonly associated with proteinuria and progressive loss of glomerular function, leading to development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). FSGS is characterized by podocyte injury and depletion and collapse of glomerular capillary segments. Progression of FSGS is associated with TGF-β activation in podocytes; however, it is not clear how TGF-β signaling promotes disease. Here, we determined that podocyte-specific activation of TGF-β signaling in transgenic mice and BALB/c mice with Adriamycin-induced glomerulosclerosis is associated with endothelin-1 (EDN1) release by podocytes, which mediates mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in adjacent endothelial cells via paracrine EDN1 receptor type A (EDNRA) activation. Endothelial dysfunction promoted podocyte apoptosis, and inhibition of EDNRA or scavenging of mitochondrial-targeted ROS prevented podocyte loss, albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and renal failure. We confirmed reciprocal crosstalk between podocytes and endothelial cells in a coculture system. Biopsies from patients with FSGS exhibited increased mitochondrial DNA damage, consistent with EDNRA-mediated glomerular endothelial mitochondrial oxidative stress. Our studies indicate that segmental glomerulosclerosis develops as a result of podocyte-endothelial crosstalk mediated by EDN1/EDNRA-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and suggest that targeting the reciprocal interaction between podocytes and endothelia may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention in FSGS.
False-Positive Bone Metastases on PET/CT Secondary to Sarcoidosis in a Patient With Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kenneth M. Montini, Mark Tulchinsky
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Patient with newly diagnosed rectal cancer underwent staging PET/CT that showed an intensely [F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-avid rectal tumor, but also multifocal, intensely FDG-avid mediastinal lymphadenopathy and skeletal foci. The bone foci had no corresponding lytic or blastic lesions on CT. There were mildly FDG-avid reticulonodular opacities in both lungs. This apparent metastatic distribution pattern was highly atypical for rectal cancer; therefore, biopsy was recommended. It showed granulomatous disease in a lymph node and the bone marrow, indicating sarcoidosis. Bone involvement in sarcoidosis is rare, but can lead to the false-positive appearance of metastatic disease on PET/CT.
GUN-SHOT WOUNDS OF THE SMALL INTESTINES.
Authors: Charles T Parkes
Journal: JAMA (1884)

[Address of the Chairman of Section on Surgery and Anatomy.] Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the American Medical Association: The subject-matter of the remarks to be presented this morning was suggested to me by an article published in the British Medical Journal in 1882, from the pen of “that good man among men, and great man among doctors,” J. Marion Sims. The article in question was an appeal for operative interference in penetrating gun-shot wounds of the abdomen, in lieu of the “expectant treatment” so universally accepted and adopted by the profession, and which, in a few seemingly well authenticated instances, has led to recovery. The appeal was uttered in behalf of the vast majority on the side of fatality attending these cases, and was based upon the deductions to be drawn from the recoveries following operations for diseases affecting the viscera of the abdomen and pelvis, during which the
THE V. M. S. C. AND THE SELECTIVE SERVICE
Authors: John M. Dodson
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —Desiring information for my own guidance in making selection of physicians for appointment as examiners on Local Boards and Medical Advisory Boards, I made inquiry of the Provost Marshal-General's Office in reference to the use, if any, he had directed should be made of the Volunteer Medical Service Corps. His reply may be useful to medical aides and others, and I send it to you for publication with the sanction of General Crowder.  General Crowder's letter says in part:  . . . the Provost Marshal-General has had no thought of employing the Volunteer Medical Service Corps, as an organization, for any purpose, nor has any need for its aid arisen. On the other hand, many of its members have doubtless been utilized, individually, in the physical examination of drafted men. The medical profession has given most earnest and whole-hearted support to the work of the Selective Service, and no unofficial
Changes to India's patent law
Authors: Subodh B Joshi
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Reduction in mortality from breast cancerDecrease with screening was marked in younger age group Editor-Based on a complicated statistical model, Olsen et al reported that the breast cancer mortality in Copenhagen dropped by 25% for women aged 50-79 when comparing mortality in the screening period (1991-2001) with a pre-screening period (1981-91) and claimed that this decrease was caused by screening. 1According to Statistics Denmark, 217 breast cancer deaths occurred in Copenhagen in the age group 35-54 years in the period 1981-90 and 196 deaths in 1991-2000. 2By comparing these data with those in the article by Olsen et al we calculate that less than 5% of the breast cancer mortality in this age group is caused by tumours diagnosed after age 50 years when women were invited to screening.The number of exposure years increased from about 484 000 to about 538 000.This gives a significant 19% (age adjusted) reduction in breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.No reduction at all occurred in the age group 55-79. 2Our estimates are based on raw and complete data.In contrast, the estimates in the paper by Olsen et al are sensitive to exclusion of data and model choice.In Copenhagen a drop in breast cancer mortality may reflect a higher fertility quotient due to non-Western immigration, fewer nulliparous women, and other non-screening related factors.It is therefore strange that no causal note was made by Olsen et al on the marked decrease in the breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.
Treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children
Authors: J. C Craig
Journal: BMJ (2004)

teaches us that public anxieties about losing local access to emergency services carries more political clout than professional logic.Maybe it is time for the colleges to explore this public psychology and find a way of connecting with it.Secondly, they could give deeper and wider thought as to how "managed clinical networks" could be introduced so that local emergency units can flourish while complex emergency cases can be swiftly funnelled towards appropriate specialist centres. 4ccording to evidence presented by the London Ambulance Service to the Turnberg review of London in 1998, perhaps only 35% of patients arriving via 999 calls are admitted to hospital.The document acknowledges the need to encourage "a flexible approach to working by consultant colleagues in different hospitals forming a managed clinical network."This encouragement now needs to find its response at grass roots level in imaginative and practical proposals supported by these colleagues.I have argued elsewhere that more work is to be done to evaluate how smaller local emergency units can work in tandem with more major centres of specialist care in a way that exploits the rapidity of access that a local unit brings while gaining the diagnostic leverage of specialist colleagues. 5If the price of moving the complex emergency to an appropriate centre of expertise is that this patient is accompanied by another nine or 10 patients who are not complex acute cases then another set of problems is launched.This call by the senate for reconfiguration gives some valuable pointers as to where further policy work might be fruitful-the development of non-medical cadres, greater integration of the ambulance service, the development of information technology, and the involvement of the public.To these could be added the exploration of virtual diagnosis, the amalgamation of primary and secondary care in smaller communities, and the rotation of staff within clinical networks and between smaller and larger units.Of one thing we may be certain.Any proposals to reconfigure acute emergency hospital services in the United Kingdom are going to be politically controversial and hotly contested. Andy Black health services consultantDurrow, PO Box 22, Machynlleth SY20 8WQ (abinwales
RAGE-mediated interstitial fibrosis in neonatal obstructive nephropathy is independent of NF-κB activation
Authors: Mojca Gasparitsch, Anne-Karin Arndt, Felix Pawlitschek, Stephan Oberle, Ursula Keller, Michael Kasper, Angelika Bierhaus, Franz Schaefer, Lutz T. Weber, Bärbel Lange-Sperandio
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Urinary tract obstruction during nephron development causes tubular apoptosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Leukocyte recruitment is critical in the development of obstructive nephropathy leading to interstitial inflammation and renal fibrosis. RAGE, the receptor of advanced glycation end products, is implicated in chronic inflammation and has been recently identified as a novel receptor for the β2-integrin Mac-1, cooperating with ICAM-1 and thereby directly mediating leukocyte recruitment in vivo. Here, we studied the role of RAGE and ICAM-1 in a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction in neonatal mice. Interestingly, the number of infiltrating leukocytes was independent of RAGE and ICAM-1 in the ureteral obstructed neonatal kidney. By contrast, galectin-3, a marker for profibrogenic M2 macrophages, was strongly reduced in ureteral obstructed RAGE and RAGE-Icam1 knockout mice. Snail expression and loss of E-cadherin but not NF-κB activation were attenuated in both knockout models. Epithelial cell cycle arrest at G2/M, which mediates kidney fibrosis, and transforming growth factor-β expression were reduced in ureteral obstructed RAGE knockout mice. Thus, RAGE and ICAM-1 promote renal fibrosis in the developing kidney upon ureteral obstruction. Combined RAGE- and ICAM-1-blocking strategies may prove beneficial in neonatal obstructive nephropathy.
CORRELATION OF N-TERMINAL PRO B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE AND SPECKLE TRACKING DERIVED LONGITUDINAL STRAIN IN SEVERE ASYMPTOMATIC AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Jutta Bergler-Klein, Raphael Rosenhek, Harald Gabriel, Georg Goliasch, Gerald Maurer, Thomas Binder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Changes in load bearing in the rheumatoid foot.
Authors: M Sharma, M Dhanendran, W C Hutton, M Corbett
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

A study of peak force exerted under areas of the foot was made in 27 patients with rheumatoid disease and in 30 normal persons. Patients were found to exert considerably less force under their toes and under the first metatarsal head and more force under the 3 outer metatarsal heads. It was possible to correlate these changes with increasing clinical and radiological severity.
Paediatrics in Livingston new town: evolution of a child health service.
Authors: G D Stark, W J Bassett, D J Bain, F I Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In 1965, a decade before reorganisation of the National Health Service, the Scottish Home and Health Department suggested that an integrated health service experiment be set up in the embryonic new town of Livingston.Its principles were to foster an element of specialisation in general practice, to involve hospital specialists more directly in the community, and to place a new emphasis on preventive medicine.'Since proposals for reorganisation of the child health service in Scotland2 embody many concepts that are already a reality in Livingston it seemed appropriate to review our early experience of integration in this field. Population and resourcesIn June 1974 the population of the designated area of Livingston was 21 500 and its projected growth rate 4000 a year.Most of its inhabitants have come from Glasgow and the central industrial belt of Scotland.The population is a young one (39%o under 15, 16% under 5 years), and 40 5 ' belong to social classes IV and V.The Service is based on two health centres in the Craigshill and Howden districts of the town.By the end of 1974 each was serving a population of about 10 000.All 12 general practitioners working from these centres have a specialty interest with an attachment to the district hospital (Bangour General) as medical assistant.
A CASE OF GRANULOMATOUS ULCERATION HEALED BY ANTIMONY.
Authors: J. FERGUSON SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article A CASE OF GRANULOMATOUS ULCERATION HEALED BY ANTIMONY. Get access J. FERGUSON SMITH, M.A., M.B., Ch.B. J. FERGUSON SMITH, M.A., M.B., Ch.B. Physician for Diseases of the Skin, Glasgow Royal Infirmary; Lecturer on Dermatology, University of Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 7, 1 July 1933, Pages 311–314, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb10184.x Published: 01 July 1933
Hepatitis B in the school environment.
Authors: E A Follett, S McMichael, K M Goel, R Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

recently.The original ulcer had healed.He was transfused with a total of six units of blood and made an uneventful recovery.The patient's claim, the witness of his relatives, and a return tablet count support compliance with therapy.His claim to abstinence from alcohol is supported by his relatives and the fact that his liver function tests had returned to normal.We were satisfied that no further gastric irritants had been ingested.This case history emphasises the point that duodenal erosions leading to severe bleeding can develop even during treatment with cimetidine.Some authorities have recom- mended cimetidine in the treatment of bleeding from gastric erosions arising alone or in association with liver disease.'It has not, however, been shown to heal erosions and their pathogenesis is still not understood.2I The dangers of gastrointestinal bleeding are considerable and complacency must be avoided.Cimetidine is not a panacea for gastrointestinal bleeding and its advent should not decrease our vigilance in dealing with such patients, especially when they have associated liver disease.
Is lamivudine with one-week HBIg as effective as long-term high dose HBIg in the HBV prophylaxis after liver transplantation?
Authors: Sang-Jong Park, Seung Woon Paik, Moon Seok Choi, Joon Hyeok Lee, Kwang Cheol Koh, Sung Joo Kim, Jae Won Joh, Suk Koo Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Neurogenesis and brain injury: managing a renewable resource for repair
Authors: Anna F. Hallbergson, Carmen Gnatenco, Daniel A. Peterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The brain shows limited ability to repair itself, but neurogenesis in certain areas of the adult brain suggests that neural stem cells may be used for structural brain repair. It will be necessary to understand how neurogenesis in the adult brain is regulated to develop strategies that harness neural stem cells for therapeutic use.
Effects of homocysteine on murine splenic B lymphocyte proliferation and its signal transduction mechanism
Authors: Q Zhang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been defined as an increased risk of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms that Hcy induces the development of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Therefore, effect of Hcy on B lymphocyte proliferation and its cellular mechanism were examined in normal and hyperhomocysteinemia ApoE-knockout mice. Methods: Mouse B lymphocytes were incubated with Hcy, related compounds and/or antioxidants and/or inhibitors of PKC, p38 MAPK, NF-κB in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide. DNA synthesis, production of reactive oxygen species was measured. Results: Hcy (0.1–3.0 mM) and other compounds with thiol (–SH), such as cysteine and glutathione significantly increased resting and lipopolysaccharide-induced B lymphocyte proliferation. ApoE-knockout mice with hypercysteinemia (plasma Hcy levels were 20.3±2.9 vs. 2.6±0.6 μM in control, P<0.05) had a significant promotion of B cell proliferation in response to lipopolysaccharide. Hcy also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Radical scavengers reduced Hcy-induced B lymphocyte proliferation. The promotion of Hcy was significantly inhibited by inhibitors of PKC (calphostin C and RO-31-8220), p38 MAPK (SB 202190 and PD 169316) and NF-κB (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate). Conclusions: The reactive oxygen species generated by thiol (–SH) auto-oxidation of Hcy are essential, and PKC, p38 MAPK and NF-κB are involved in the Hcy-induced B lymphocyte proliferation. Hyperhomocysteinemia may increase B lymphocyte susceptibility to inflammatory progression of atherosclerotic lesions.