tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EVIDENCE FOR ACTIVE CHLORIDE REABSORPTION IN THE DISTAL RENAL TUBULE OF THE RAT*
Authors: Floyd C. Rector, James R. Clapp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

There is now considerable direct evidence that sodium is actively reabsorbed by most portions of the nephron (1-3).The reabsorption of chloride, on the other hand, is generally considered to be a passive process driven by the electromotive forces arising from active sodium transport (4).The evidence for this hypothesis of passive chlo- ride reabsorption in the proximal tubule is im- pressive.Giebisch and Windhager (5) found in the proximal tubule of Necturus kidney that the relationship between the ratio of the unidirectional chloride fluxes and the transtubular potential is compatible with passive diffusion plus a large com- ponent of exchange diffusion.The existence of this component of exchange diffusion suggests the presence of a carrier system for chloride and raises the possibility of active as well as passive chloride transport.However, Windhager and Giebisch (6) subsequently demonstrated in the proximal tu- bule of rat kidney that the short-circuit current is approximately equal to net sodium reabsorption, indicating that sodium reabsorption accounts for most, if not all, active ion transport in the proximal tubule.This is strong evidence that passive diffusion, rather than active transport, constitutes the predominant reabsorptive mechanism for chlo- ride in the proximal tubule.Conditions for chloride reabsorption, however, differ in the proximal and distal tubules.In the proximal tubule chloride concentration is usually equal to or greater than that of plasma (3), so that chloride is reabsorbed against very little or no con-
Staphylococcus resistant to vancomycin emerges
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Researchers have reported the first three cases in the United States of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria resistant to vancomycin, an antibiotic often reserved to fight these infections when no other agent is effective.

To date, a total of four strains of S aureus intermediately resistant to vancomycin have been documented worldwide, the first in Japan in 1996.

Certain common factors in the …
Severe Pneumonia in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: WILLIAM A. BRIGGS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Eight episodes of life-threatening pneumonia occurred within 6 months after transplantation in seven renal allograft recipients. Most episodes followed closely a period of increased immunosuppression with large doses of prednisone. Immunosuppressive therapy was essentially discontinued in each case, and, with aggressive comprehensive management, the patient recovered in seven of the eight episodes. One patient died from disseminated aspergillosis and pulmonary embolism. Although renal function deteriorated during the acute illness in five patients, it returned to normal in four who survived.
Effect of asbestos on the metabolism of vasoactive substances in isolated perfused guinea pig lungs.
Authors: A Cadieux, S Massé, P Sirois
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The measurement of pulmonary metabolism of three vasoactive substances and quantitative assessment of changes in lung morphology were performed in a long-term study of asbestos-exposed guinea pigs. Animals received intratracheal injections of a single dose of a sterile suspension of Canadian chrysotile B (5 mg), while control animals received only saline. Six months after the treatment, the guinea pigs were sacrificed, the lungs removed, perfused via the pulmonary artery and the metabolism of vasoactive substances was assessed (in vitro) in a cascade superfusion system. At the end of the experiments, the lungs were fixed in a glutaraldehyde solution for microscopic examination. The tissue response consisted of both inflammatory reaction of terminal and respiratory bronchioles and diffuse alveolar septal infiltration with interstitial fibrosis. The reaction was characterized at six months by a progressive bronchiolitis obliterans with fibroblastic proliferation and collagen formation. The development of the disease did not cause significant changes in the metabolism of acetylcholine and bradykinin. However, the metabolism of prostaglandin E2 decreased with the appearance of the bronchiolitis obliterans. Our results showed that asbestos exposure may produce early biochemical changes resulting in altered lung metabolism of vasoactive substances; these modifications could contribute to the pathogenesis of asbestosis.
Localization of the fast and slow pathways in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia by intraoperative ice mapping.
Authors: S Keim, P Werner, M Jazayeri, M Akhtar, P Tchou
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia is classically described as a reentrant rhythm entirely contained within the compact AV node. Although the concepts of longitudinal dissociation of two intranodal pathways and a distal common pathway are accepted, the proximal portion of the circuit remains undefined. Current reports suggest that the two pathways may be separable by atrial tissue and not contained entirely within the compact node.We used an ice mapping method to demonstrate the slow and fast pathways of the reentrant circuit and their relation to the atrial septum around the AV node. Six patients with the usual form (slow-fast) of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia were mapped during surgery. In most patients, antegrade slow pathway localization was posterior and inferior to the compact AV node along the tricuspid annulus; in two patients, it was superior along the tendon of Todaro. Retrograde fast pathway localization was anterior or superior to the compact AV node in all patients. In all patients, anatomic distinction was made between the two pathways and the compact node.We conclude that no upper common pathway exists within the compact AV node in the usual type of nodal reentrant tachycardia and that the perinodal atrial tissue is a requisite part of the tachycardia circuit.
Abstract 5112: Traditional Chinese medicine formula LQ inhibits spontaneous and cyclophosphamide-enhanced metastasis.
Authors: Lei Zhang, Chengyu Wu, Yong Zhang, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) formula LQ, an herbal cocktail, has shown anti-metastasis and anti-tumor efficacy without overt side-effects. In the present study, the human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell line was labeled with both red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm and green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the nucleus. Dual-color HT1080 cells were injected into the footpad of mice following LQ treatment. Dual-color HT1080 cells were also injected into epigastric cranialis vein of the mice pre-treated with cyclophosphamide (CYC) or a combination of CYC and LQ. The efficacy was monitored through dynamic subcellular imaging of trafficking of cancer cells in lymph nodes and blood vessels in live mice. LQ significantly inhibited HT1080 spontaneous metastases to their local lymph nodes in the foot pad injection model. In the control group, 100% of mice had lymph node metastasis, compared to 12.5% of the mice in the LQ group. LQ also inhibited cyclophosphamide-enhanced experimental metastasis in the epigastric cranialis vein injection model. LQ prolonged the overall survival of mice in the spontaneous lymph node metastatic model. LQ therefore shows promise as an antimetastatic agent. Citation Format: Lei Zhang, Chengyu Wu, Yong Zhang, Robert M. Hoffman. Traditional Chinese medicine formula LQ inhibits spontaneous and cyclophosphamide-enhanced metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5112. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5112
A Masked Prospective Evaluation of Outcome Parameters for Cytomegalovirus-related Retinal Detachment Surgery in Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Baruch D. Kuppermann, Marisa Flores-Aguilar, Jose I. Quiceno, Edmund V. Capparelli, Leah Levi, David Munguia, William R. Freeman
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)
THE EXTRACTION OF A TOXIN FROM LIVER CELLS.A PRELIMINARY REPORT.
Authors: V. C. VAUGHAN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

hours, when their sterility was proven by inoculating tubes of beef tea with material from each flask.After this these flasks were treated as follows:No. 1 was inoculated with Bacillus pyocyaneus; No.2 was treated with 100 mg. of morphin and then inoc¬ ulated with Bacillus pyocyaneus; No. 3 was treated with 200 mg. of morphin and then inoculated with Bacillus pyocyaneus; No. 4 was inoculated with Bacillus coli communis; No. 5 was inoculated with Bacillus coli communis and treated with 100 mg. of morphin; No. 6 was treated with 200 mg. of morphin and inoculated
The effect of platelet age on platelet adherence to collagen
Authors: J. Hirsh, M. F. Glynn, J. F. Mustard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The adherence to collagen of rabbit platelets labeled in vivo with (35)SO(4) (=) has been studied both in vitro and in vivo. The young platelets are labeled with (35)SO(4) (=) 2-3 days after administration of the isotope to the animals. We exposed platelet-rich plasma (ethylenediamine-tetraacetate, EDTA, as anticoagulant), prepared from blood taken from rabbits 54 hr after giving the (35)SO(4) (=), to collagen in vitro. There was a fall in the specific radioactivity of the nonadherent platelets which indicated a selective adhesion of young platelets to the collagen. In experiments designed to have most of the (35)S label in the oldest platelets it was found that exposure of plasma containing these platelets to collagen resulted in an increase in the specific radioactivity of the nonadherent platelets. Similar observations were obtained when glycine-(14)C was used as a platelet label. However, when DF(32)P (di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate-(32)P), which is thought to label platelets of all ages equally, was used, the adherence of platelets to collagen did not result in any changes in the specific activity of the nonadherent platelets. In in vivo studies in which we infused a collagen suspension into rabbits 54 hr after giving (35)SO(4) (=) we found that the specific radioactivity of the platelets remaining in the circulation fell. This did not occur when we infused the collagen 96 hr after giving the (35)SO(4) (=). The results from these studies indicate that young platelets adhere to collagen more readily than older platelets.
Acute splenic sequestration crisis preceded by hypersplenism in haemoglobin SC disease.
Authors: J M Topley, D Obeid, J R Mann
Journal: BMJ (1977)

and subsequently treated with radioactive iodine (';"I).She made a good recovery.Case 2.-This patient, who was the only sibling of patient 1, died at another hospital at the age of 52.According to relatives the two sisters were identical twins.She had been admitted with a short history of vomiting and fainting.She had congenital deaf mutism and retinitis pigmentosa with generalised pigmentation of the Addisonian type.She became severely hypotensive and died.At necropsy no adrenal tissue was found on the left side, and the right adrenal was grossly atrophic.There was no other evidence of endocrine disease or tuberculosis.The diagnosis was Addison's disease. CommentRetinitis pigmentosa is often genetically determined, the mode of inheritance being dominant, recessive, or X-linked-for example, Usher's syndrome (retinitis pigmentosa with nerve deafness) usually behaves as an autosomal recessive trait.'In Graves's disease hereditary factors are well recognised, although the mode of inheritance is controversial.The tendency to form thyroid autoantibodies is heritable, however, and probably under polygenic control.2In patient 1, autoantibodies to both thyroid (colloid and microsomal) and adrenal cortox were present.Although no results of immunological tests were available for patient 2 both adrenal and thyroid antibodies probably would have been present as adrenal atrophy and chronic thyroiditis frequently coexist.' Otherwise the family history of our two patients was non-contributory.There was no history of visual abnormalities, congenital deafness, or of endocrine disease in any of their near relatives, nor of consanguinity in their parents.Probably, however, their predisposition to nerve deafness, retinitis pigmentosa, and endocrine disease was genetically determined.It would be valu- able to assess the prevalence of autoantibodies and of autoimmune disorders in other patients with retinitis pigmentosa.The recent finding of raised concentrations of immunoglobulins in this condition4 adds further impetus to such a study.
Race Is On for Effective Dengue Vaccine
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lung Cancer — Time to Move on from Chemotherapy
Authors: Desmond N. Carney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In 2001 lung cancer caused more than 1 million deaths worldwide. Despite the well-recognized link between tobacco use and the development of lung cancer, the number of new cases continues to rise, especially among women. In girls and women 15 to 64 years of age, lung cancer is now the leading cause of death from cancer, and this disease remains the most common cause of death from cancer in men.1 During the past 20 years, numerous efforts have been made to reduce the death rate among patients with lung cancer. Treatment involves surgery, radiation therapy, combination chemotherapy, or a combined . . .
Cost effectiveness of management strategies for urinary tract infections: results from randomised controlled trial
Authors: D. Turner, P. Little, J. Raftery, S. Turner, H. Smith, K. Rumsby, M. Mullee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the cost effectiveness of different management strategies for urinary tract infections. <b>Design</b> Cost effectiveness analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial with a one month follow-up. <b>Setting</b> Primary care. <b>Participants</b> 309 non-pregnant adult women aged 18-70 presenting with suspected urinary tract infection. <b>Interventions</b> Patients were randomised to five basic management approaches: empirical antibiotics, empirical delayed (by 48 hours) antibiotics, or targeted antibiotics based on either a high symptom score (two or more of urine cloudiness, smell, nocturia, dysuria), dipstick results (nitrite or leucocytes and blood), or receipt of a positive result on midstream urine analysis. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Duration of symptoms and cost of care. <b>Results</b> Management with targeted antibiotics with midstream urine analysis was more costly over the period of one month. Costs for the midstream urine analysis and dipstick management groups were £37 and £35, respectively; these compared with £31 for immediate antibiotics. Cost effectiveness acceptability curves suggested that if avoiding a day of moderately bad symptoms was valued at less than £10, then immediate antibiotics is likely to be the most cost effective strategy. For values over £10, targeted antibiotics with dipstick testing becomes the most cost effective strategy, though because of the uncertainty we can never be more than 70% certain that this strategy truly is the most cost effective. <b>Conclusion</b> Dipstick testing with targeted antibiotics is likely to be cost effective if the value of saving a day of moderately bad symptoms is £10 or more, but caution is required given the considerable uncertainty surrounding the estimates.
Mutational landscape and clonal architecture in grade II and III gliomas
Authors: Hiromichi Suzuki, Kosuke Aoki, Kenichi Chiba, Yusuke Sato, Yusuke Shiozawa, Yuichi Shiraishi, Teppei Shimamura, Atsushi Niida, Kazuya Motomura, Fumiharu Ohka, Takashi Yamamoto, Kuniaki Tanahashi, Melissa Ranjit, Toshihiko Wakabayashi, Tetsuichi Yoshizato, Keisuke Kataoka, Kenichi Yoshida, Yasunobu Nagata, Aiko Sato-Otsubo, Hiroko Tanaka, Masashi Sanada, Yutaka Kondo, Hideo Nakamura, Masahiro Mizoguchi, Tatsuya Abe, Yoshihiro Muragaki, Reiko Watanabe, Ichiro Ito, Satoru Miyano, Atsushi Natsume, Seishi Ogawa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Quantitative histological changes during early experimental carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch
Authors: J.W. EVESON, D.G. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Sequential changes in the hamster cheek pouch epithelium following application of the carcinogen dimethyl benzanthracene have been assessed using stereological techniques. The most important progressive change found following cessation of carginogen painting appears to be an increase in the number and size of progenitor cells. Much of the marked increase in stratum corneum thickness seen in the early stages appeared to be related to a hyperplasiogenic rather than a neoplasiogenic action of the carcinogen.
Treatment with selumetinib preserves cardiac function and improves survival in cardiomyopathy caused by mutation in the lamin A/C gene
Authors: A. Muchir, S. A. Reilly, W. Wu, S. Iwata, S. Homma, G. Bonne, H. J. Worman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

AimsMutations in A-type nuclear lamins gene, LMNA, lead to a dilated cardiomyopathy. We have reported abnormal activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling in hearts from LmnaH222P/H222P mice, which develop dilated cardiomyopathy. We therefore determined whether an inhibitor of ERK1/2 signalling that has been investigated in clinical trials for cancer has the potential to be translated to humans with LMNA cardiomyopathy.
THE REEFING OPERATION FOR MOVABLE KIDNEY.
Authors: EDWARD WYLLYS ANDREWS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

It is well known that Hahn in 1881 first practiced nephrorrhaphy or nephropexy, since which time the operation has become a common one. The work done by Landau, Bruce Clark, Reidel, Tuffier, Guyon, Delvoie, Jaboulay and others, has reduced it to the class of procedures nearly free from risk in careful hands, and pretty sure to give relief in cases which require it. The mere presence of floating kidney is not an indication for operating. Some kidneys can be distinctly palpated which give no other symptoms; some which cause distress, are satisfactorily held by supporters. There has been much discussion as to what kind of supporter best retains a wandering kidney. A form of spring truss with a pneumatic pad always seemed to me mechanically more perfect than a belt or corset, inasmuch as the spring can push up under the costal arch in a way the belt can not
Home Care of Chronic Respiratory Disease
Authors: Reuben M. Cherniack
Journal: JAMA (1969)

From 1958 to 1967, 148 patients with severe chronic respiratory insufficiency have been managed in a "Home Care Program," which has primarily involved concentrated care in the home by nurses and other paramedical personnel, as well as by hospital residents. Therapeutic measures were directed at reduction in work of breathing, an increase in alveolar ventilation and physical activity, and when necessary, provision of mechanical aids. Of the patients, 55% required rehospitalization, but for only 5.7% of the total days on home care. Of the 148 patients, 47% died after they had been on the program for an average of 361 days. The cost of the program was slight, particularly when compared to that of a hospital bed, and the cost of physician care constituted a very small portion of the total cost.
Hot Flushes in a 76-Year-Old Man
Authors: Kent R. Kreider
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journal, 1 there was a question concerning flushing in a 76-year-old man. The two replies failed to mention a low testosterone level as a cause of flushing.  Report of a Case.—  In November 1976, I saw a 48-year-old man who had sweating and hot flushes. He was afebrile and had a positive tuberculin test result but a normal chest roentgenogram, and he was treated with isoniazid for a year. Because his flushes continued, in December 1977 a serum testosterone value was obtained, which was 40 μg/dL (normal range, 400 to 1,000 μg/dL). He also had a low luteinizing hormone level, 3.5 mIU/mL (normal range, 4 to 22 mIU/mL), a normal prolactin value, and a normal cortisol level. Thyroid function study values were low; the free thyroxine index was 13 (normal range, 18 to 46). A computed tomographic scan of
Pharmacokinetic interactions of cyclosporine with etoposide and mitoxantrone in children with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: NJ Lacayo, BL Lum, DL Becton, H Weinstein, Y Ravindranath, MN Chang, L Bomgaars, SJ Lauer, BI Sikic, GV Dahl
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Indian plan for rural healthcare providers encounters more resistance
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A three year old proposal by India’s health ministry to establish new cadres of mid-level healthcare providers for rural areas that lack medical graduates has encountered opposition from an Indian parliamentary panel on health.

The panel has asked the health ministry to abandon the plan and instead increase the number of medical colleges in rural areas and make one year of rural service mandatory for all medical graduates.

The panel’s recommendations are identical to suggestions by the Indian Medical Association, a non-government body of about 250 000 doctors, which has campaigned against the proposal.1 The government and the Medical Council of India jointly made the proposal in February 2010.2

The president of the Indian Medical Association, Kalikuttynadar Vijayakumar, said the association was pleased with the panel’s recommendations. “We’re very happy that we were able to convince the panel’s members to accept our views,” Vijayakumar told the BMJ …
Effects of mediastinal irradiation upon respiratory function following mastectomy for carcinoma of breast : A five-year follow-up study
Authors: L. Cudkowicz, M. Cunningham, E. V. Haldane
Journal: Thorax (1969)

A five-year follow-up study of respiratory function in patients with mediastinal irradiation following mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast revealed the following: Physiological dead space diminishes progressively, reaching a maximum decline at 12 months following irradiation. Partial recovery occurs thereafter with a levelling out at about 62% of the pre-radiation level. Pulmonary diffusing capacity also declines rapidly but recovery begins after 18 months and improves to within normal limits by the fifth year of the follow-up. The residual volume immediately increases at the end of irradiation therapy but rapidly and permanently returns to normal. Some increase in alveolar ventilation is apparent throughout and continues for at least four years, presumably as a result of the permanently reduced dead space.
1141-192 Genetic variation in cyclooxygenase-1 associates with the antiplatelet effect of aspirin in stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Aino Lepantalo, Jussi Mikkelsson, Julio Resendiz, Leena Heinonen, Pekka J Karhunen, Riitta Lassila
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)