tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gifts from the Sea
Authors: Stewart Wolf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Marine invertebrates in biomedical research were the subject of one of the intersociety symposia of the recent meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology in Atlantic City. The 10 speakers, representing laboratories in different parts of the country, saw in the marine environment the potential of a rich harvest of new knowledge pertinent to medical problems. They pointed to a circumstance, too little known among medical investigators, that many of the same materials and structures and, more striking, many of the same regulatory strategies are shared by marine crustacea, mollusks and man. Such substances as acetylcholine and . . .
Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease With Valine Homozygosity at Codon 129 of the Prion Protein Gene
Authors: Fumiko Furukawa, Satoru Ishibashi, Nobuo Sanjo, Hiroshi Yamashita, Hidehiro Mizusawa
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

SporadicCreutzfeldt-Jakobdisease (sCJD) accompaniedby type 2PrPScandvalinehomozygosityatcodon129(VV2)of theprionprotein gene (PRNP) is a representative sCJD having the 129VV genotype,whichdoes not showprominentmyoclonus or periodic sharp wavecomplexes.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findingsofpatients with sCJD having the 129VV genotype have rarely been reported.1 A52-year-oldman initiallycomplainedofgait instabilityandthen experienced theprogressionof gait unsteadiness, cognitive impairment,dysarthria, andhallucinationsoveraperiodof4months.Neurological examination revealed restricted eye movement, cerebellar ataxia, frontal lobe signs, and a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 18 of a possible 30, but no involuntary movements. Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) of the brain showed areas of spreadinghyperintensity inbilateral thalami (Figure). FludeoxyglucoseF 18positronemission tomographyat 5months after onset indicated low glucose metabolism in the thalami and cerebellar cortices.Electroencephalographyshoweddiffuseslowingbutnotypical periodic sharp wave complexes. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed increased levels of both total tau and 14-3-3 proteins, and PrPScwas detectedwith the realtime quaking-induced conversion method.2 PRNP analysis revealed valine homozygosity at codon 129 and glutamate homozygosity at codon219without anymutationor insertion.Although the PrPSc typewasnotdeterminedbyWesternblottingofbrainhomogenates, thepatient’sclinical featureswerecompatiblewithsCJDwith VV2 rather than VV1. He became bedridden 5 months after onset, exhibited akinetic mutism by 7 months, and died 9 months after onset.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Bullous Ichthyosiform Erythroderma (Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis) by Fetal Skin Biopsy
Authors: Mitchell S. Golbus, Richard W. Sagebiel, Roy A. Filly, Thomas D. Gindhart, Judith G. Hall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

PRENATAL diagnostic studies are performed to determine whether a fetus believed to be at risk for a genetic disease is actually affected. For the most part, prenatal diagnosis relies on the cytogenetic or biochemical analysis of cultured amniotic-fluid cells. However, many genetic disorders are not reflected in amniotic-fluid constituents but may be in other tissues or cells. We report the use of fetoscopy1 and fetal skin biopsy in the diagnosis of congenital bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (epidermolytic hyperkeratosis) during the second trimester of pregnancy.Congenital bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma is an autosomal-dominant trait with major features of cutaneous erythroderma, bullae during infancy . . .
Two core promotor mutations identified in a hepatitis B virus strain associated with fulminant hepatitis result in enhanced viral replication.
Authors: T F Baumert, S A Rogers, K Hasegawa, T J Liang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Viral mutations have been implicated in alteration of the biological phenotype of hepatitis B virus (HBV). We recently cloned and sequenced the viral genome of an HBV strain associated with an outbreak of fulminant hepatitis (FH strain). The FH strain contained numerous mutations in all genomic regions and was functionally characterized by a more efficient encapsidation of pregenomic RNA leading to highly enhanced replication. To define the responsible mutation(s) for the enhanced replication, we introduced individual mutations of the FH strain into a wild-type construct by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Analysis of viral replication showed that two adjacent mutations in the HBV core promotor (C to T at nucleotide 1768 and T to A at nucleotide 1770) led to high level replication. Similar to the FH strain, this mutant displayed the phenotype of enhanced encapsidation of pregenomic RNA. Functional studies in an encapsidation assay demonstrated that the identified mutations resulted in a minor increase of pregenomic RNA transcription (two- to threefold) and a major transcription-independent enhancement (> 10-fold) of viral encapsidation. Our results demonstrate that the two adjacent mutations in the HBV core promotor region are responsible for the enhanced replication of the FH strain. These two mutations, outside the previously described encapsidation signal, core, and polymerase polypeptides, appeared to affect a novel genetic element involved in viral encapsidation.
Influence of post-developmental cadmium on caries and cariostasis by fluoride.
Authors: T R Shearer, J L Britton, D J DeSart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Uptake of cadmium into molar enamel and dentin from rats receiving cadmium in their drinking water was markedly elevated and proportional to the amount of cadmium in the drinking water. Post-developmental cadmium did not influence caries development or alter the cariostatic effectiveness of fluoridated drinking water. The data indicate that the absolute concentration of cadmium in teeth is not predictive or cadmium-induced caries and that the critical period for caries promotion by cadmium may be during the developmental rather than the post-developmental period of tooth formation.
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage Associated with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Lawrence N. Adler, Robert L. Berger, George W. B. Starkey, Walter H. Abelmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE combination of a congenital malformation and an acquired valvular lesion in the same heart is uncommon. To our knowledge there are 10 reported cases of rheumatic mitral stenosis in association with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (Table 1). Three of the 10 patients were found to have this combination only at post-mortem examination1 , 2; three were incorrectly diagnosed as Lutembacher's syndrome,3 , 4 and 1 was discovered to have anomalous pulmonary veins at the time of mitral valvotomy.5 In only 3 of the cases was an accurate diagnosis made,6 7 8 and in only 1 of the 10 patients was a successful total . . .
The Association between Fatal Coronary Heart Disease and Ambient Particulate Air Pollution: Are Females at Greater Risk?
Authors: Lie Hong Chen, Synnove F. Knutsen, David Shavlik, W. Lawrence Beeson, Floyd Petersen, Mark Ghamsary, David Abbey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of long-term ambient particulate matter (PM) on risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). A cohort of 3,239 nonsmoking, non-Hispanic white adults was followed for 22 years. Monthly concentrations of ambient air pollutants were obtained from monitoring stations [PM &lt; 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide] or airport visibility data [PM &lt; 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] and interpolated to ZIP code centroids of work and residence locations. All participants had completed a detailed lifestyle questionnaire at baseline (1976), and follow-up information on environmental tobacco smoke and other personal sources of air pollution were available from four subsequent questionnaires from 1977 through 2000. Persons with prevalent CHD, stroke, or diabetes at baseline (1976) were excluded, and analyses were controlled for a number of potential confounders, including lifestyle. In females, the relative risk (RR) for fatal CHD with each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was 1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.90] in the single-pollutant model and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.51–2.64) in the two-pollutant model with O3. Corresponding RRs for a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10-2.5 and PM10 were 1.62 and 1.45, respectively, in all females and 1.85 and 1.52 in postmenopausal females. No associations were found in males. A positive association with fatal CHD was found with all three PM fractions in females but not in males. The risk estimates were strengthened when adjusting for gaseous pollutants, especially O3, and were highest for PM2.5. These findings could have great implications for policy regulations.
Relief of Pain
Authors: C. Jolly
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment outcomes and toxicities in patients with liver disease treated by Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT). Patients and Methods: From 2007 to 2016, 43 patients with 58 lesions (6 primary and 37 metastatic liver tumors) were treated with SBRT. Results: Local Control was reached in 47 out of 58 (81%) treated lesions with 12 and 24-month rates of 81% and 74% respectively. The progression-free survival at 12 and 24 months was 42% and 36%, respectively. The disease specific survival at 12 and 24 months was 74% and 46% respectively. Median overall survival (OS) was 20 months and the rates of OS were 74% and 46% at 12 and 24 months respectively. Toxicity was very low consisting mainly of Grade 1 and 2. Conclusion: SBRT provides good local control for both primary and metastatic liver lesions, with minimal toxicity.
Discoid lupus erythematosus-like lesions in carriers of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: J. Hafner, A. Enderlin, R.A. Seger, B. Wuthrich, L. Bruckner-Tudermann, P. Panizzoni, G. Burg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Discoid lupus erythematosus‐like lesions in carriers of X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease Get access J. Hafner, J. Hafner Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Enderlin, A. Enderlin Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A. Seger, R.A. Seger Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology and Haematology, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstr 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Wüthrich, B. Wüthrich Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Bruckner‐Tudermann, L. Bruckner‐Tudermann Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology and Haematology, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstr 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Panizzoni, P. Panizzoni Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Burg G. Burg Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 4, 1 October 1992, Page 446, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00471.x Published: 01 October 1992
Peripheral blood monocytes from patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis can differentiate into functional hepatocytes
Authors: Li Yan, Ying Han, Jingbo Wang, Jingmei Liu, Liu Hong, Daiming Fan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) have the potential to differentiate into various progenitor cells. Here we have investigated the differentiation potential of PBMCs derived from patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis into hepatocyte‐like cells. In our clinical trial, the PBMCs from 2 patients were mobilized by the recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor, followed by leukapheresis and transplantation of PBMCs. PBMCs, induced by recombinant human hepatocyte growth factors, were identified by the expression of hepatocyte markers and specific biological functions with biochemical assays in vitro. Patients showed a lasting clinical amelioration for more than one year after transplantation, and hepatocyte‐like cells were identified by expressing liver specific genes, synthesizing albumin, urea, aspirate transaminase, and glycogen, which were all similar to the human normal hepatic cell line QZG. Our results clearly demonstrated that mobilized PBMCs from patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis could differentiate into functional hepatocyte‐like cells, indicating the possibility of autologous cell transplantation for treating patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Çağdaş Akgüllü, Ufuk Eryılmaz, Fatih Sırıken, Mehmet Akdeniz, İmran Kurt Ömürlü, Tünay Kurtoğlu, Tolga Hekim, Hasan Güngör, Cemil Zencir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Differential sensitivity of proximal and distal coronary arteries to a nitric oxide donor following reperfusion injury or inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis
Authors: M G. Coughlan, D. Kenny, J. P Kampine, Z. J Bosnjak, D. C Warltier
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The effect of the nitric oxide donor, SIN-1, in proximal and distal coronary arteries with normal endothelium was characterised before and after inhibition of NO synthesis with L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The effect of reperfusion injury in vivo in similar vessels on the response to SIN-1 was also assessed.In vitro reactivity of preconstricted coronary arterial rings was studied in control dogs (group 1), and dogs in which the left circumflex coronary artery was subjected in vivo to four acute occlusions of 5 min duration, with three intervening reperfusion periods of 5 min and a final reperfusion period of 60 min (group 2). The effects of acetylcholine and SIN-1 on the tone of left circumflex and left anterior descending coronary vascular rings were examined before and after treatment with L-NAME.Proximal [1851 (SEM 82) microns] and distal [477(19) microns] vessels were studied. In control dogs (group 1) acetylcholine caused relaxation in proximal and distal coronary arteries (p > 0.05). No difference in responsiveness of left circumflex or left anterior descending coronary arteries was observed in the control group. In group 2 the response to acetylcholine was significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated in left circumflex coronary arteries exposed to ischaemia and reperfusion compared with left anterior descending control rings from the same heart. Proximal vessels in group 1 and group 2 showed greater sensitivity to the vasodilator effects of SIN-1 than distal vessels. Proximal left circumflex vessels exposed to ischaemia and reperfusion showed enhanced sensitivity to the relaxant effects of SIN-1 compared to control proximal vessels obtained from the same hearts. Reperfusion was not associated with any alteration in sensitivity of distal vessels to SIN-1. Similarly, inhibition of the synthesis of endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by L-NAME resulted in an enhanced response to SIN-1 in proximal vessels only.Endothelium dependent vasodilatation is attenuated by ischaemia and reperfusion in both proximal and distal coronary arteries of the size studied. The response to direct nitric oxide donation (bypassing vascular endothelial synthesis of EDRF) is inhibited by a basal endothelial process present in proximal coronary arteries only. This inhibition is abolished following reperfusion injury or inhibition of NO synthesis.
Targeting fibronectins of glioma extracellular matrix by CLT1 peptide-conjugated nanoparticles
Authors: Bo Zhang, Shun Shen, Ziwei Liao, Wei Shi, Yu Wang, Jingjing Zhao, Yue Hu, Jiarong Yang, Jun Chen, Heng Mei, Yu Hu, Zhiqing Pang, Xinguo Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
The Contents of Free-Text Endoscopy Reports: An Inventory and Evaluation by Peers
Authors: P. W. Moorman, A. M. van Ginneken, J. van der Lei, P. D. Siersema, M. van Blankenstein, J. H. P. Wilson
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Insight into the current status of endoscopy reports is needed for a discussion on the desirability and feasibility of (more) standardized endoscopy reporting. We collected, from ten endoscopists, 181 reports in two diagnostic and two indication categories. An inventory was made of the subjects dealt with in the reports, such as: indication, premedication, therapy plan, and descriptive aspects of ventricular ulcers and lower tract polyps. To assess endoscopists' opinions on their reports, 16 randomly selected reports were reviewed by the ten endoscopists, using the Delphi method.
Alpha Particle and Proton Beams in Therapy
Authors: John H. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1963)

HEAVY PARTICLES, either charged or uncharged, are called "heavy" because they actually are very heavy when compared with the weight of the electron. The neutron is approximately 1,800 times the weight of the electron and, in the case of other heavy particles, such as alpha particles, carbon nuclei, and other elements higher in the periodic table, they are proportionately heavier according to the number of protons and neutrons within their nuclei. These heavy particles have many interesting physical characteristics—<i>For editorial comment, see page 254.</i>especially their ability to produce dense ionization in tissue. In 1935, when these particles became available for experimental studies in the field of radiobiology, this known physical quality led us to investigate their biological effects on normal tissue.<sup>1,2</sup>We found that per unit of ionization produced in tissue they were several times as destructive as equal doses of conventional x-rays. This led to setting
Combined Use of Different Antipsychotic Drugs-Reply
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Glickman's letter expands on the necessarily brief comment we made in our initial answer to this question that "various antipsychotic drugs do not differ in specificity for particular target symptoms, although they do differ in side effect profiles." Systematic studies have not supported the belief that particular antipsychotic drugs are more efficacious for patients with particular symptoms, eg, agitation.<sup>1</sup>However, we agree with Dr Glickman that the use of two antipsychotic drugs with different adverse effect profiles may sometimes be helpful in achieving a better balance between total therapeutic effect and adverse effects. Whether this procedure is regularly more beneficial than either dose adjustment with a single antipsychotic drug or the addition of an antiparkinsonian drug is an interesting empirical question that can be settled only by a carefully controlled research trial. We are not aware that such a study has been done. Given the present
Guidelines for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sandeep Vijan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 May 1998Guidelines for Glycemic Control in Type 2 DiabetesSandeep Vijan, MD, MS, Timothy P. Hofer, MD, MS, and Rodney A. Hayward, MDSandeep Vijan, MD, MSVeterans Affairs Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research; Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0170Search for more papers by this author, Timothy P. Hofer, MD, MSVeterans Affairs Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research; Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0170Search for more papers by this author, and Rodney A. Hayward, MDVeterans Affairs Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research; Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0170Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-10-199805150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The VHA guideline group has done an excellent job of reviewing the available evidence and condensing it into a flexible practice guideline that is usable by clinicians and researchers. Adoption and dissemination of the guideline have been mandated by the VHA; plans are being made to monitor patients with diabetes and provide clinicians with feedback on their care.Although the guideline states that patient preferences should be considered when goals are being set for glycemic control, it also provides numeric goals (for example, “patients who are likely to live a few years might have a target hemoglobin A1c ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research; Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0170 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 10Page: 872KeywordsDietHemoglobinHypoglycemicsInsulinMarkov modelsPatientsQuality of lifeResearch reporting guidelinesTreatment guidelinesType 2 diabetes Issue Published: 15 May 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: George Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This syndrome, resembling scalding of the skin, is presented, with a review of the literature and description of a fatal case. The disease consists of a prodrome of malaise, lethargy, and fever, followed by erythema and massive bullae formation. Pathologically, there is epidermal necrosis and vesication at the dermal-epidermal junction, but the dermis is relatively normal. The mucous membranes are usually included in the destructive process. Healing with little or no scarring occurs in most patients about 10 to 14 days after bullae have formed. Death occurs, however, in approximately one third of the cases, usually within five to eight days of onset. Therapy is symptomatic. Various etiologies have been proposed, but drugs have been chiefly characterized as the offending agents. This case is thought to represent a fatal hypersensitivity reaction to diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin).
Relationships among natriuresis, atrial natriuretic peptide and insulin in insulin-dependent diabetes
Authors: Paola Fioretto, Bruno Muollo, Pier Paolo Faronato, Giuseppe Opocher, Roberto Trevisan, Antonio Tiengo, Franco Mantero, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Gaetano Crepaldi, Romano Nosadini
Journal: Kidney International (1992)