tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Setting on a Psychotherapeutic Relationship in Analytically Oriented Brief Psychotherapy
Authors: E. Gilli&eacute;ron
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

In this brief review, the author stresses the interest of short-term psychotherapy in the study of psychotherapeutic processes: through modifications of time and space factors of the cure (limited duration - face-to-face) one can appreciate better the influence of the setting on the nature of the process. By comparing the psychotherapeutic situation (face-to-face) to the psychoanalytic situation (back-to-face), the author highlights some specific features of psychotherapies, in particular the influence of the infraverbal language and its consequences on the cure. In a face-to-face situation for example, the subject unconsciously tries to incorporate the therapist in his ego, and this very powerful merging mechanism may hinder the evolutive process of the treatment. Some of the aspects examined apply to any doctor-patient-relationship.
Treatment for hepatitis B
Authors: G. S Cooke, J. Main, M. R Thursz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points

Hepatitis B virus is estimated to have infected 350 million individuals globally, accounting for over 500 000 deaths each year.1 An effective and widely available vaccine provides protection from infection, but treatment is rarely curative. Recent developments in antiviral treatment have brought the opportunity for greatly improved management of those chronically infected with hepatitis B virus, and for patients infected both with HIV and hepatitis B virus there is now the potential to treat both viruses with a simplified combination of drugs. This brief review discusses detection, referral, and management of patients with hepatitis B virus infection.

Hepatitis B virus is endemic in many countries of the world (figure 1⇓), particularly in South East Asia, Central Asia, the Amazon Basin, and Africa. Transmission occurs through contact with infected blood or body fluids.2 The infection is commonly acquired from an infected mother at the time of birth (vertical transmission) or from infected family members during childhood (horizontal transmission). When exposure to the virus occurs early in life, the likelihood of chronic infection is high: 90% for vertical transmission, 8-15% for horizontal transmission.3 4 For those born or brought up in regions with a low prevalence of the virus, transmission through other routes is more common (box 1).5 Acquisition of infection in adult life is associated with a likelihood of chronic infection …
Senators introduce bill to improve patient safety
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Two US senators are introducing a bill to improve patient safety, following the publication last November of a report from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, which claimed that medical errors kill from 44000 to 98000 Americans each year.

Mistakes involving the prescribing and dispensing of drugs were the most common errors, resulting in 7000 deaths a year (4 December 1999, p 1456), the report said.

President Clinton immediately ordered the Federal Quality Interagency Task Force, which oversees federal health programmes for 85 million Americans, to adopt all feasible techniques for reducing medical errors, and to …
Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction—etiologies, management and outcome: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry
Authors: Judith S Hochman, Christopher E Buller, Lynn A Sleeper, Jean Boland, Vladimir Dzavik, Timothy A Sanborn, Emilie Godfrey, Harvey D White, John Lim, Thierry LeJemtel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Hepatic Angiosarcoma Mimicking Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: CHARLES INTENZO, CHAN PARK, MICHAEL WALKER, SUNG KIM, FRANCIS ROSATO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Hepatic cavernous hemangioma (HCH) is the most common benign liver tumor, often discovered as an incidental finding on ultrasound or CT scan of the abdomen. Liver imaging with Tc-99m labeled red blood cells (RBCs) is often used to diagnose this lesion. The authors report a patient whose RBC scan results were suggestive of HCH. However, the final diagnosis was angiosarcoma of the liver. Therefore, angiosarcoma results in a potential false-positive for the detection of HCH in RBC liver imaging. The similar scan appearance is most likely a result of similar histology because both are very vascular lesions.
Induction of sensitivity to ganciclovir in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase
Authors: Cheng Qian, Roberto Bilbao, Oscar Bruña, Jesús Prieto
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

We have analyzed the ability of a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus to transfer the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus (HSV-tk) into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to confer sensitivity to ganciclovir. Three HCC cell lines (Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5, and HepG2) were efficiently infected in vitro by a recombinant adenovirus carrying lacZ reporter gene (AdCMVlacZ). Expression of HSV-tk in HCC cells infected with a recombinant adenovirus carrying HSV-tk gene (AdCMVtk) induced sensitivity to ganciclovir in a dose-dependent manner. A bystander killing effect was observed when 90% of uninfected tumor cells were mixed with only 10% of AdCMVtk-infected cells. These data show that recombinant adenoviruses are efficient vectors for transduction of drug-sensitizing genes to HCC cells in vitro. We suggest that a gene therapy approach to hepatocellular carcinoma can be established using adenoviral transfer of HSV-tk to tumor cells and subsequent administration of ganciclovir.
The claw paw mutation reveals a role for Lgi4 in peripheral nerve development
Authors: John R Bermingham, Harold Shearin, Jamie Pennington, Jill O'Moore, Martine Jaegle, Siska Driegen, Arend van Zon, Aysel Darbas, Ekim Özkaynak, Elizabeth J Ryu, Jeffrey Milbrandt, Dies Meijer
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2005)
Data from a large European study indicate that the outcome of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 correlates with the AGXT mutation type
Authors: Giorgia Mandrile, Christiaan S. van Woerden, Paola Berchialla, Bodo B. Beck, Cécile Acquaviva Bourdain, Sally-Anne Hulton, Gill Rumsby
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Colonic motor activity and bowel function. I. Normal movement of contents.
Authors: J A Ritchie
Journal: Gut (1968)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To compare how the infectious disease outbreaks H1N1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) affected community-based GPs and FPs. <h3>Design</h3> A mailed survey sent after the H1N1 outbreak compared with the results of similar survey completed after the SARS outbreak. <h3>Setting</h3> Greater Toronto area in Ontario. <h3>Participants</h3> A total of 183 randomly selected GPs and FPs who provided office-based care. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> The perceptions of GPs and FPs on how serious infectious disease outbreaks affected their clinical work and personal lives; their preparedness for a serious infectious disease outbreak; and the types of information they want to receive and the sources they wanted to receive information from during a serious infectious disease outbreak. The responses from this survey were compared with the responses of GPs and FPs in the greater Toronto area who completed a similar survey in 2003 after the SARS outbreak. <h3>Results</h3> After the H1N1 outbreak, GPs and FPs still had substantial concerns about the effects of serious infectious disease outbreaks on the health of their family members. Physicians made changes to various office practices in order to manage and deal with patients with serious infectious diseases. They expressed concerns about the effects of an infectious disease on the provision of health care services. Also, physicians wanted to quickly receive accurate information from the provincial government and their medical associations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Serious community-based infectious diseases are a personal concern for GPs and FPs, and have considerable effects on their clinical practice. Further work examining the timely flow of relevant information through different health care sectors and government agencies still needs to be undertaken.
HYSTEROSCOPE IN DIAGNOSIS OF PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF UTERINE CANAL
Authors: W. B. Norment
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Direct observation of the uterine canal with the lens hysteroscope<sup>1</sup>is a relatively simple procedure. After the examiner becomes accustomed to various appearances of the endometrium, as seen through the hysteroscope, the examination is not too difficult. Also, taking into consideration that the field of vision is magnified to a certain extent, the examiner will not be misled as to probable pathological conditions in the findings of either normal endometrium or endometrial hyperplasia. Since uterine bleeding is a common complaint, and at times one of the most difficult to diagnose as to the cause of bleeding, it would seem that an instrument, such as the hysteroscope, for direct vision would be of value, not only in diagnosis but also in the treatment of certain pathological conditions of the uterine canal. So often in patients with uterine bleeding there is normal bimanual findings that it is assumed that the cause
A CASE OF SARCOMA OF THE RIGHT SUPRARENAL BODY CAUSING OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE IN AN INFANT.Read before the Chicago Pathological Society, Oct. 8, 1894.
Authors: FRANK B. EARLE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

CLINICAL HISTORY. Georgie L., born Jan. 9, 1891, the only child of robust parents free from disease of all kinds. From birth the patient was extremely anemic; never grew strong but was exceptionally free from the disorders of babyhood and was regarded a healthy child until he was past 2 years old. In February, 1893, he became jaundiced, which increased rapidly, accompanied by clay-colored offensive stools, increased anemia, emaciation and rapid loss of strength. In less than a month, the liver was enlarged to such an extent that it reached below the umbilicus, one-half the distance to the pubes. The gall bladder, greatly distended, was easily felt as a firm body. Pressure on the adjacent organs was so great that vomiting continued incessantly and almost no food was retained. The dyspnea was so troublesome that the recumbent posture was almost impossible. At this time the patient was seen, separately, by
Effects of antirheumatoid drugs on the production and action of porcine catabolin.
Authors: H Sheppeard, L M Pilsworth, B Hazleman, J T Dingle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

We report the effects of some common antirheumatic drugs on the production of catabolin from synovium and on its action on cartilage. A method is described to generate reproducible amounts of catabolin from synovial mince. Aspirin, Clozic (ICI 55,897), and gold were without effect on the catabolin system. Penicillamine at high doses enhanced the action of catabolin, while chloroquine inhibited catabolin's effect on cartilage. Prednisolone inhibited the production of catabolin without affecting its action. This inhibition was produced by very low doses of prednisolone (25 ng/ml) and was dose-dependent.
Treatment for multidrug resistant TB fails in a quarter of cases in Europe, says WHO
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The World Health Organization’s Europe regional office has launched an action plan to contain the spread of drug resistant tuberculosis, with the aim to achieve universal access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in all European member states by 2015.

WHO says that in western Europe treatment fails in 23% of patients, 26% are lost to follow-up, 19% die, and only 32% are successfully treated.

Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO’s regional director for Europe, said that the region has the world’s highest rate of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, which, she said, “speaks of the failure of health systems to treat TB effectively.”

She said, “TB is an old disease that never went away, and now it is evolving with a vengeance. We have to find new weapons to …
RECENT PROGRESS IN THE MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CANCER
Authors: F. B. MALLORY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Cancer is a clinical term applied to malignant epithelial new growths. From the pathologist's point of view it may be defined as an epithelial tumor which infiltrates, and which may give rise to metastases. To understand the full significance of this definition it is necessary to study in groups by themselves all the tumors which arise from each variety of normal epithelial cells and which tend to differentiate like them. Each group has peculiarities of its own. The tendency is steadily increasing to place together and study in a group by themselves all the tumors built up from the multiplication of single type-cells which tend to differentiate in a similar manner. As example of type-cells may be mentioned the fibroblast, the smooth muscle cell, the neuroglia cell. It must be borne in mind, however, that two or more varieties of the same type-cell often exist normally. For example we have
Measuring the Social Dimension of Subjective Health in Chronic Illness
Authors: Johannes Siegrist, Astrid Junge
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

This contribution discusses the social dimension of treatment-related subjective health in chronically ill patients. In its first part, it introduces two basic concepts, 'social performance' and 'social well-being'. These terms are further specified and discussed in the broader context of the notions of 'social support' and 'social adjustment'. The second part gives a selective, critical overview of currently used methods in this field. It is concluded that the existing gap between theory and measurement needs to be closed before substantial advancements in a comprehensive assessment of subjective health can be expected.
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
Authors: Charles P. Darby
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome represents a series of clinical findings that has been observed primarily in Japanese children. The disease now appears to be migrating to this country. It involves the cervical lymph nodes, the skin, and mucus membranes. Although the course is usually benign and self-limiting, a number of deaths have resulted from coronary artery disease. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2295-2297, 1976)
Stability of glyceryl trinitrate tablets.
Authors: E R Tallett
Journal: BMJ (1982)

significantly associated with loss of the late bronchial reaction.This clinical improvement could not, however, be correlated with any striking change in the concentrations of specific IgG or IgE antimite antibodies.We cannot accept the statement that we used an inadequate course of injections with inadequate antigenic content.There was clearly sufficient antigen to boost both IgG and IgE antibodies to the major allergen Rye I. Indeed, when the treated patients entered the heavy pollen season of year one they already had concentrations of these antibodies comparable to those reached after recent natural exposure.It seems unlikely that grasses other than rye are a major cause of asthma in our children, as it is the most common pasture grass in this part of Australia.Other less abundant grasses in this area share antigens with rye.7
AB0072 Vitamin D Levels and Cytokine Profile in SLE Patients: Table 1.
Authors: L. Schneider, A.S. Santos, M.O. Santos, A. Gasparin, R. Chakr, J.C.T. Brenol, R.M. Xavier, O.A. Monticielo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease which presents heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Patients with SLE develop autoimmune response mediated by T and B cells that are manifested by the production of cytokines and autoantibodies. Vitamin D has an immunomodulatory effect, acting in innate and adaptative immune systems, could change the Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine profiles. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the expression of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine profiles in SLE patients and verify possible associations with serum vitamin D levels. <h3>Methods</h3> 172 patients with SLE followed at the outpatient clinic of Rheumatology at Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre were included. The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(25(OH)D)] were measured by chemiluminescence. Serum levels &lt;20 ng/ml were considered as vitamin D deficiency. Normal vitamin D levels were defined as ≥20ng/ml. Cytokines were measured in serum after thawing the samples on a single occasion, using Kit CBA Th1/Th2/Th17 (BD™ Biosciences, USA). <h3>Results</h3> 161 (94%) patients were women and 128 (74.4%) were classified as caucasian ethnicity. The mean age of was 40.5±13.8 years and the mean age at diagnosis was 31.5±13.4 years. At the time of study entry, patients had median (IQR) SLEDAI of 2 (1-4) and SLICC of 0 (0-1). Mean 25(OH)D levels were 25.4±11.04 ng/ml. Fifty-nine (34.3%) patients had vitamin D deficiency and 113 (65.7%) had normal levels. Serum levels of cytokines are shown in Table 1. No associations and statistically significant correlations between cytokine levels and dosages of vitamin D were found. Only levels of INF-α and SLEDAI showed a positive and significant correlation (rs=0.22, p=0.04). Linear regression analysis was performed to control for possible confounding factors, specially medications used. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in patients with SLE, however, no statistically significant correlations and associations between vitamin D levels and cytokine profile were found. We confirm the positive correlation between IFN-α and SLEDAI, according to the literature. In vitro effect of vitamin D on the cytokine profile was not reproduced in this study. Research with vitamin D and cytokine profile in controlled intervention trials with placebo are needed to investigate this hypothesis before any definitive conclusions can be made. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4366
Anticonvulsant Drugs and Calcium Metabolism
Authors: Constantine S. Anast
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Recent studies indicate that vitamin D (calciferol) must undergo two enzymatic hydroxylations before it can function at target cells. Thus, calciferol is transported from the skin or gastrointestinal tract to the liver, where it is converted to 25-hydroxycalciferol. After hydroxylation by the liver, 25-hydroxycalciferol is transported to the kidneys, where it undergoes a second hydroxylation to 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol, which is currently thought to be the final active metabolite of vitamin D. Current evidence suggests that anticonvulsant drugs may disrupt this normal sequence by inducing hepatic enzymes that increase the catabolism of vitamin D and its biologically active products.Although anticonvulsant drugs . . .
Prognostic significance of molecular-cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric T-ALL is not explained by immunophenotypic differences
Authors: M van Grotel, J P P Meijerink, E R van Wering, A W Langerak, H B Beverloo, J G C A M Buijs-Gladdines, N B Burger, M Passier, E M van Lieshout, W A Kamps, A J P Veerman, M M van Noesel, R Pieters
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Efficacy and Safety of Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using a Novel Cryothermal Balloon Ablation System
Authors: Alvaro V. Sarabanda, T. Jared Bunch, Susan B. Johnson, Srijoy Mahapatra, Mark A. Milton, Luiz R. Leite, G. Keith Bruce, Douglas L. Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Points: Spina bifida and anencephaly
Authors: J H Elwood
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3></h3> Hispanic women represent one of the fastest growing groups with HIV infection in the United S. In Puerto Rico 27.4% of the reported cases of HIV/AIDS are women (1996-2004). Research focusing specially on women living with HIV is now gaining scientific attention since it has been clearly established that there are important biological, psychological, emotional, and social differences between men and women. Mood disorders, life events, stress, quality of life, and other psychosocial factors have been related to the immune function; the most common is depression. Depression is a psychological condition common in individuals with medical illnesses; estimated prevalence rates vary from 20 to 50%. An association between clinical depression and altered immune state has been suggested but has not been consistently demonstrated. The purpose of this pilot study is to correlate depressive symptoms with patients9 immune state in a cohort of Hispanic HIV-positive women. A total of 47 HIV-positive women from the longitudinal cohort of NeuroAIDS program at the Medical Science Campus of the University of Puerto Rico signed informed consent. Inclusion criteria included HIV-positive women aged 18-50 years with a nadir CD4 cell count &lt; 500 cell/mm<sup>3</sup> during the last year. Evaluation included participant9s history, neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, and the psychosocial domain of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL). Analysis was performed using Spearman9s correlation. The mean values included age 37 (7.3), nadir CD4 cell count 218 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> (130). The mean of the MENQOL psychosocial domain was 32.21 (6.9). No significant correlation was obtained between the MENQOL psychosocial domain and nadir CD4 cell count. Nevertheless, we did found a significant correlation between questions 4, 7, and 9 and nadir CD4. An inverse association between question 4 (dissatisfaction with my personal life) and nadir CD4 (rho -.320. <i>p</i> = .028) was obtained. Noteworthy, for questions 7 (accomplishing less than I used to) and 9 (impatient with other people) there is a positive correlation (rho = .295, <i>p</i> = .044 and rho = .312, <i>p</i> = .033, respectively). In our cohort women with HIV showed more dissatisfaction with their personal life with increased immunosuppression. However, the feeling of impatience with other people could reflect other symptoms not related to depression, like anxiety. These findings demonstrate the necessity to study emotional health in women with HIV in Puerto Rico, especially the depressive symptom and how this affects infection status
Coronary Angiogram Interpretation
Authors: Jo Etta Galbraith
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Clinicopathological correlation of premortem coronary angiograms and postmortem data was performed to determine the degree of interobserver variability in the clinical interpretation of coronary angiograms using the pathological findings as the standard of accuracy. Comparison of the independent interpretations of the antemortem coronary angiograms by three cardiologists showed no substantial difference in overall diagnostic accuracy among the three observers. In the majority of instances where a substantial angiographic lesion was found on coronary angiography, it was verified pathologically. In false-positive or false-negative interpretations, a majority opinion was accurate when compared with a pathological lesion in 50% of the instances. Despite the fact that coronary angiography is an excellent diagnostic tool, there remain limitations of the accuracy of interpretation not solved by a majority opinion. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2053-2056, 1978)
Noninflammatory Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Immunological Study in Blood, Ejaculate and Prostate Tissue&lt;footref rid="foot01"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/footref&gt;
Authors: Hubert John, Hubert John, Andr&eacute; Barghorn, Andr&eacute; Barghorn, Guido Funke, Guido Funke, Tullio Sulser, Tullio Sulser, Seife Hailemariam, Seife Hailemariam, Dieter Hauri, Dieter Hauri, Helen I. Joller-Jemelka, Helen I. Joller-Jemelka
Journal: European Urology (2001)