tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Importance of Findings on the Initial Evaluation for Cancer in Patients with Symptomatic Idiopathic Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Jacques Cornuz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: The relation between thrombosis and cancer is well documented, but the clinical evaluation appropriate for detecting underlying cancer in patients with deep venous thrombosis remains unknown. Objectives: To 1) determine the appropriate initial evaluation for cancer in patients with idiopathic deep venous thrombosis and 2) estimate the incidence of subsequently diagnosed cancer in patients who were not found to have cancer when deep venous thrombosis was diagnosed. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Urban, tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients: 986 consecutive patients (637 women and 349 men; mean age ±SD, 53 ± 17 years) who had no risk factors for venous disease and had venous ultrasonography because idiopathic deep venous thrombosis was suspected. Measurements: Initial clinical evaluation was assessed by using chart review. The incidence of cancer at a median of 34 months after diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis was obtained through hospital chart review (38%), computerized record extraction (54%), mailed questionnaires (6%), telephone interviews (1%), or a death registry (1%). Results: Deep venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 142 patients (14%); 136 of the 142 were hospitalized. Cancer was diagnosed in 16 of these 136 patients (12%) during the index hospitalization. All 16 of these patients had one or more abnormalities on at least one of the four components of the clinical examination: history, physical examination, basic laboratory testing, or chest radiography. The probability of detecting cancer increased as the number of findings suggestive of cancer on the four components of the clinical evaluation increased. Cancer was diagnosed in none of the 56 patients with deep venous thrombosis who did not have findings on the clinical evaluation. The probability of cancer-free survival during follow-up (median, 34 months) was similar in patients with (3 of 122 [2.5%]) and without (23 of 844 [2.7%]) deep venous thrombosis and in the age- and sex-matched U.S. population. Conclusions: A clinical evaluation that includes a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, routine laboratory testing, and chest radiography seems to be appropriate for detecting cancer in these patients. Additional testing should be guided by any abnormalities detected by this clinical evaluation.
Demonstration of specific high‐affinity Fcɛ‐receptors on the human basophil‐like leukemia cell line KU812 by flow cytometry
Authors: C. G. M. Magnusson, J. Håård, P. Matsson, T. Karlsson, K. Nilsson, S. G. O. Johansson
Journal: Allergy (1995)

specificity of IgE binding to a human basophil‐like cell line (KU812) was studied by flow cytometry. Four IgE myeloma proteins, representing both light‐chain types, one chimeric IgE protein, and polyclonal serum IgE blocked the direct binding of FITC‐labeled IgE(DES) myeloma protein to KU812 cells in a dose‐dependent and nearly equimolar way. Although not as efficiently as human IgE (from five to eight times less on a molar basis), both rat and mouse IgE blocked IgE(DES)‐FITC binding to KU812 cells. In sharp contrast, all four human IgG subclasses, both IgA subclasses, and IgM myeloma proteins, as well as monomeric and heat‐aggregated polyclonal human IgG, were unable to block significantly IgE(DES)‐FITC binding to KU812 cells (≤0.5/0 on a molar basis). The cytophilic epitope on IgE was heat‐susceptible (56 °h), lost after reduction alkylation, and resident in the papain‐derived Fc ɛ ‐fragment, but not in the papain‐derived F(ab') 2ɛ .‐ and Fc ɛ ‐fragments nor in the pepsin‐derived F(ab') 2ɛ ‐ and Fc ɛ .'‐fragments. Washing and displacement experiments indicated that a major part of IgE reacted with high affinity to KU812 cells. The results indicate that the binding of IgE to KU812 cells is highly specific and involves the classical high‐affinity Fc ɛ RI‐receptor. Although the density of receptors is low, this human cell line offers a unique model to study IgE/Fc ɛ RI interactions.
Significance of an Insular Component in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma with Distant Metastasis at Initial Presentation
Authors: Hiroto Yamashita, Yasushi Noguchi, Shiro Noguchi, Hiroyuki Yamashita, Shinya Uchino, Shinn Watanabe, Takahiro Ogawa, Tsukasa Murakami
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2005)
Psychopathic Manifestations of Non-Insane Psychoneuroses.
Authors: A. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1906)

New York, Feb. 16, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a letter published inThe Journal, Dec. 16, 1895, I said that the term "psychosomatasthenia," coined and introduced by Dr. John Punton, belonged to what I am in the habit of calling "Lexicon-Greek." I also said that phrenosomatitis might express the same meaning, but that I would not dare to offer it for adoption before consulting Greek friends regarding its acceptability. I wrote to my esteemed friend Dr. B. Leonardos, the director of the Museum of Inscriptions in Athens, who is a physician and a philologist, and received the following information: "The word phrenosomatitis does not seem to me appropriate. Psychosomatasthenia is to be rejected. I believe that the disease can not be named with one word, and that even two words which will correspond exactly with the meaning can not easily be found."
Integrative Molecular Profiling of Triple Negative Breast Cancers Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets Including Amplifications of FGFR2.
Authors: N. Turner, N. Turner, M. Lambros, H. Horlings, H. Horlings, A. Pearson, R. Sharpe, A. Mackay, R. Natrajan, F. Geyer, M. van Kouwenhove, B. Kreike, A. Ashworth, M. van de Vijver, M. van de Vijver, J. Reis-Filho
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a relatively poor prognosis emphasising the need to identify new subtype specific target therapies. Based on the concept of oncogene addiction, we searched for potential therapeutic targets by identifying genes consistently over-expressed when amplified in TNBC. Fifty six TNBCs were subjected to high resolution tiling path microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH); out of these cases, 24 were also subjected to genome-wide microarray-based mRNA expression analysis. TNBCs showed a high level of genetic instability, with recurrent regions of amplification (&amp;gt;4 copies) included multiple regions on 1q and 8q, 3q25, 10p14, 10q26, 13q34, 15q26 and 19q12-19q13. Integration of aCGH and expression data revealed 38 genes that were significantly overexpressed when amplified. This list includes known oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets, such as MCL1 (1q21.2), FGFR2 (10q26.3), BUB3 (10q26.3), RAB20 (13q34), PKN1 (19p13.12), and NOTCH3 (19p13.12). To validate FGFR2 as a therapeutic target, we screened a panel of cell lines, by western blotting and aCGH, and identified two TNBC cell lines with FGFR2 amplification. In these cell lines FGFR2 was constitutively active in a ligand independent manner, and RNA interference-mediated silencing of FGFR2 selectively decreased survival of cell lines harbouring FGFR2 amplification. Likewise FGFR2 amplified cell lines were highly sensitive to FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD173074 (IC50 &amp;lt;20nM). Treatment with PD173074 induced apoptosis in amplified cell lines, as did treatment with PI3 kinase inhibitors LY294002 and BEZ-235 suggesting that apoptosis resulted from inhibition of AKT signalling. Examination of publically available CGH data sets confirmed FGFR2 amplification in 4% (5/124 95%CI 1.3-9.2%) of TNBC, with no cases of FGFR2 amplification in other subtypes (0/150, p=0.02). Our results suggest that FGFR2 amplification is a therapeutic target in a small subset of TNBCs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3147.
On Looking Inward and Being Scientific
Authors: George L. Engel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Paradoxically, Schmale's greatest contribution remains hardly known even to his admirers. That has been his challenge to the tradition disallowing introspection and dialogue as scientific instrumentalities. There can be no more appropriate tribute to Schmale at 65 than to call attention to how he has gone about refining everyday observation, introspection, and dialogue for scientific use. In so doing he reestablishes the ancient triad introspection-observation-dialogue as the basic scientific method of clinical study.
Young Physician Explores TV, Print Opportunities
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

KEITH R. ABLOW, MD, is one of the younger physicians aiming to make a mark in medical communications. Not only is he the recipient of the American Medical Association's 1986 Jerry L. Pettis award for excellence in communicating science to the public, but he has also written a book for his peers,<i>Medical School: Getting In, Staying In, Staying Human</i>(Baltimore, Williams &amp; Wilkins, 1987) and served as a medical editor of Lifetime Medical Television. After graduating magna cum laude in 1983 from Brown University, Providence, RI, where he was editor in chief of the student newspaper, the<i>Brown Banner</i>, Ablow entered Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. His initial contact with medicine proved something of a shock: "The most frightening thing about the first year of medical school," he says, "wasn't any fear of failing anatomy or physiology. It was that I honestly believed during that year that I
Methadone Overdose Treated With Naloxone Infusion
Authors: Vincent D. Waldron
Journal: JAMA (1973)

After methadone overdosage, toxic effects may persist for 24 hours. Therapeutic levels of naloxone hydrochloride are more evanescent after single injection. Accordingly, slow, constant infusion of the drug would seem the preferred treatment of methadone overdose. A case is reported in which that method was used successfully.
Drug resistance is a worldwide threat, warns report
Authors: A Tonks
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing worldwide, leading to the resurgence of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and typhoid fever, says the British Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology in a report published this week. Drug resistance has spread rapidly among strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common cause of pneumonia and meningitis. This organism is now resistant to penicillin in many places, including Alaska, South Africa, and Chile.

In Britain resistance to penicillin is …
STUDIES OF THE HEMOLYSIS OF RED BLOOD CELLS BY MUMPS VIRUS
Authors: Liang-Wei Chu, Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

The relationship between hemagglutination and hemolysis by the mumps virus has been studied under conditions which affect (a) the receptors of chicken red cells and (b) the adsorption and subsequent elution of the virus from these cells. The results show that the hemolytic action of the virus appears to involve some of the same receptor areas of erythrocytes that are implicated in hemagglutination. Materials such as allantoic fluid, egg white, and red cell extract, which inhibit the agglutination of chicken red cells by mumps virus, also interfere with its hemolytic activity. Of these inhibitors, egg white and red cell extract, which are readily destroyed by the virus during incubation at 37 degrees C., exert a greater antagonistic effect on hemagglutination than on hemolysis. Heated mumps virus or unheated influenza virus interferes with the hemolysis of red cells by untreated mumps virus. Though hemolysis takes place during elution of the virus after its adsorption on the red cell, the processes are apparently distinct. The hemolytic activity is easily affected by certain conditions of pH and temperature which have no effect on the ability of mumps virus to adsorb on and elute from red cells.
Platelet CD36 surface expression levels affect functional responses to oxidized LDL and are associated with inheritance of specific genetic polymorphisms
Authors: Arunima Ghosh, Gurunathan Murugesan, Kan Chen, Li Zhang, Qing Wang, Maria Febbraio, Rita Marie Anselmo, Kandice Marchant, John Barnard, Roy L. Silverstein
Journal: Blood (2011)
First-Generation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical Impact of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay
Authors: Fred R. Hirsch, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Wilbur A. Franklin, David R. Gandara, Paul A. Bunn
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
PLASMA PROTEIN CHANGES AND SUSPENSION STABILITY OF THE BLOOD IN LOBAR PNEUMONIA
Authors: Johannes K. Moen, Hobart A. Reimann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

Numerous studies have been made on the relation of fractional blood protein changes to bacterial infection and immunity.The subject is of especial importance in view of the renewed interest regarding the associa- tion of immune bodies with the globulins and recent studies in regard to the effects of blood protein changes and plasma viscosity on specific and non-specific agglutination reactions (1, 2).Since the early experiments of Langstein and Mayer (3), it has been generally found that a relative or absolute increase of the globulin fraction and a decrease in the albumin fraction occur during and after various bacterial infections.Glaessner (4) and later Hurwitz and his co-workers (5) showed that increases in globulin may occur during the course of immunization as well.They believed that the globulin increase indicated disturbed metabolism and that no direct parallelism existed between the amount of globulin and the degree of immunity.There was no constant relationship between the increased amount of globulin and the antitoxic potency of prepared sera.
Synovial Lactic Acid and Septic Arthritis—Reply
Authors: Mary E. Margaretten, Jeffrey Kohlwes, Stephen Bent
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Correction and Clarification: Factors Contributing to the Death of General Stonewall Jackson-Reply
Authors: William L. Harlan
Journal: JAMA (1997)

My reference to bloodletting as a contributory cause of General Stonewall Jackson's death was incorrect. When I was a medical student, Dr Hunter McGuire, the great grandson of the surgeon (Dr Hunter Holmes McGuire) who cared for General Jackson, often lamented about the death of the Confederate general despite the best efforts of his forebear, who was a leader in American medicine. I assumed that the care included bleeding, commonly used as treatment at that time. The general sustained 3 musket ball wounds and, as Dr Turner points out, during evacuation from the battle scene was dropped from his litter. Jackson subsequently underwent surgical amputation of his left arm and developed right-sided pulmonary consolidation and effusion. The pulmonary complications have been attributed variously to pneumonia or pulmonary contusion or pulmonary embolism and were the immediate cause of death. General Jackson received cupping to the chest, but never received "therapeutic" bleeding
Lower Incidence of Thrombus Formation With Cryoenergy Versus Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
Authors: Paul Khairy, Patrick Chauvet, John Lehmann, Jean Lambert, Laurent Macle, Jean-François Tanguay, Martin G. Sirois, Domenic Santoianni, Marc Dubuc
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is limited by thromboembolic complications. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence and characteristics of thrombi complicating RF and cryoenergy ablation, a novel technology for the catheter-based treatment of arrhythmias. Methods and Results— Ablation lesions (n=197) were performed in 22 mongrel dogs at right atrial, right ventricular, and left ventricular sites preselected by a randomized factorial design devised to compare RF ablation with cryocatheter configurations of varying sizes (7F and 9F), cooling rates (−1°C/s, −5°C/s, and −20°C/s) and target temperatures (−55°C and −75°C). Animals were pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid and received intraprocedural intravenous unfractionated heparin. Seven days after ablation, the incidence of thrombus formation was significantly higher with RF than with cryoablation (75.8% versus 30.1%, P =0.0005). In a multiple regression model, RF energy remained an independent predictor of thrombus formation compared with cryoenergy (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.7, 18.1; P =0.0042). Thrombus volume was also significantly greater with RF than with cryoablation (median, 2.8 versus 0.0 mm 3 ; P &lt;0.0001). More voluminous thrombi were associated with larger RF lesions, but cryolesion dimensions were not predictive of thrombus size. Conclusions— RF energy is significantly more thrombogenic than cryoenergy, with a higher incidence of thrombus formation and larger thrombus volumes. The extent of hyperthermic tissue injury is positively correlated with thrombus bulk, whereas cryoenergy lesion size does not predict thrombus volume, most likely reflecting intact tissue ultrastructure with endothelial cell preservation.
The change in properties of the stratum corneum as a function of depth
Authors: C.S. KING, S.P. BARTON, S. NICHOLLS, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

The constancy of stratum corneum thickness suggests an ordered decrease in intracorneal cohesion binding forces. In this study, intracorneal cohesion was measured in the vertical dimension by cohesography and the number of cells released after applying a standardized stimulus was determined before and after repeated stripping of the same sites with adhesive tape. In addition, surface replicas and the corneocytes from different levels were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and differential phase inteference microscopy. The results indicate a gradual loss of cohesion within the stratum corneum towards the surface and that anatomical changes take place in the corneocytes as they progress towards the surface.
Immunoglobulin free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma
Authors: Angela Dispenzieri, Robert A. Kyle, Jerry A. Katzmann, Terry M. Therneau, Dirk Larson, Joanne Benson, Raynell J. Clark, L. Joseph Melton, Morie A. Gertz, Shaji K. Kumar, Rafael Fonseca, Diane F. Jelinek, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: Blood (2007)
Lung involvement in primary Sjogren's syndrome is mainly related to the small airway disease
Authors: S. A Papiris, M. Maniati, S. H Constantopoulos, C. Roussos, H. M Moutsopoulos, F. N Skopouli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

To evaluate lung involvement in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.Sixty one consecutive, non-smoking patients, 58 women and three men, were evaluated clinically, physiologically, and radiologically. A bronchial and/or transbronchial biopsy was performed on 13 of the patients. Physiological data were compared with that of a control group of 53 healthy non-smoking subjects matched for age and sex.In 41% of the patients the main symptom was dry cough. Physiological studies revealed that the patients presented significantly lower expiratory flow values (% pred) when compared with those of the control group: the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (mean (SD)) was 96% (16) v 111% (13) (p < 0.0001), the maximal expiratory flow at the 50% of the vital capacity (MEF50) was 72% (24) v 103% (17) (p < 0.0001), and the maximal expiratory flow at the 25% of the vital capacity (MEF25) was 49% (25) v 98% (20) (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was noted for the carbon monoxide diffusion value (% pred), between patients and controls. Blood gases were evaluated in 44 patients: mild hypoxemia was observed, and the alveolo-arterial oxygen difference (P(A-a)O2) correlated significantly with MEF50 (r = 0.35, p < 0.01) and MEF25 (r = 0.33, p < 0.01) values. Chest radiography showed mild, interstitial-like changes in 27 patients while slightly increased markings were present in 21. High resolution computed tomography of the lungs was performed in 32 patients (four with a normal chest radiograph, six with suspected interstitial pattern, 19 with apparent interstitial pattern, and three with hyperinflation) and revealed predominantly wall thickening at the segmental bronchi. All positive findings by computed tomography derived from the patients with abnormal chest radiographs. Transbronchial and/or endobronchial biopsy specimens in 10 of the 11 sufficient tissue samples revealed peribronchial and/or peribronchiolar mononuclear inflammation, while interstitial inflammation coexisted in two patients.The airway epithelia seem to be the main target of the inflammatory lesion of the lung in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. It seems to be common, subclinically leading to obstructive small airway physiological abnormalities.
CHICAGO MUTUAL CASUALTY COMPANY— A WARNING
Authors: John I. McGirr
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dec. 7, 1924, one J. B. Walsh wrote myself and several other physicians in Beatrice policies in the Chicago Mutual Casualty Company. I enclose an answer from the company to an inquiry I made as to why I had not received acknowledgment of my application. Walsh collected nine dollars from me and various amounts from others here. Apparently Walsh had a permit from the company with their seal attached authorizing him to collect money for them. I thought that perhaps throughThe Journalthis fellow might be caught or stopped from doing further business. [Note.—The letter accompanying that of our correspondent was one that he had received from Mr. Thomas A. Murphy, an attorney of Chicago, and reads as follows: "Your letter of January 7 addressed to the Chicago Mutual Casualty Company was referred to me as former receiver for that company. J. B. Walsh is
Technic of Controlled Drug Assay
Authors: Alvin P. Shapiro, H. C. Teng, W. H. Trimble
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE results of evaluation of hypotensive drugs by methods that involve consideration of certain nonpharmacologic variables were described in previous reports.1 2 3 These variables, which include the effect of the doctor–patient relation and the impact of psychologic changes in the patient, may mimic and occasionally mask pharmacologic effects and must be evaluated to define precisely the clinical uses and limitations of the hypotensive agents. The design of previous studies included the use of a double-blind placebo alternation, in which each patient served as his own control. All patients in a group were seen by one investigator, which allowed for a relative . . .