tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Fertilization Faces 'R &amp;amp; R': (More) Research and Regulation
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A CARROT-AND-STICK approach describes two developments that could alter the future direction of in vitro fertilization technology. They promise to renew public debate among right-to-life groups and organizations representing infertile couples. And they come on the heels of some soul-searching within the specialty about accountability and regulation. The carrot is a reversal of the de facto moratorium on government funding of in vitro fertilization research. That has been in effect for eight years. As a result of a recent decision by Robert Windom, MD, assistant secretary, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the gears are in motion to change that situation by next year. The stick is a two-pronged effort to institute at least some degree of federal oversight into an industry that, because of the lack of government funding and the control that often goes with it, is essentially unregulated. Even within the profession, concern is being raised
1003-86 Percutaneous coronary intervention with distal protection device preserves left ventricular function in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction
Authors: Tomohiro Nakamura, Norifumi Kubo, Nahoko Ikeda, Takeshi Ishida, Hiroshi Funayama, Shigemasa Hashimoto, Takanori Yasu, Muneyasu Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Preconceptional Abdominal Repair of Cervix
Authors: Stanley J. Birnbaum
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  The surgical correction of cervical incompetence as a cause of later abortion is now an accepted part of our therapeutic arsenal. Lash and Lash 1 in 1948, originally described the preconceptional surgical excision and closure of the defective cervical area, although in recent years the operation of cervical encirclement devised by Shirodkar 2 has gained in popularity and acceptance. The procedure is relatively simple, and may be carried out either before or during pregnancy.  Although the decision as to when to perform this operation remains open to debate, most authorities agree that the vaginal route should be used whether the procedure is done pre- or postconceptionally. 3-5 Recently, Benson and Durfee 6 described a series of patients in whom the transabdominal route was used during pregnancy because of gross cervical abnormalities. There are occasional nonpregnant patients, however, in whom the transabdominal route is preferable even when the
Grieving the death of a child: Clinicians should ensure that lethal drugs are handed back
Authors: Peter Byrne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

E DITOR—Davies's case reports of completed suicide in recently bereaved parents are a timely reminder of one of the few areas in suicide prevention (access to lethality) where clinicians can intervene to save lives.1

Within the anger of acute grief—case 1 describes “holding on” to the decreased person beyond the usual grief experience1—the child's drugs can …
Pure red-cell aplasia caused by the antibody to recombinant erythropoietin, epoetin-?, in a Japanese patient with chronic renal failure
Authors: Kenji Shinohara, Noriyuki Mitani, Mutsuko Miyazaki, Shizu Sakuragi, Kazuyuki Matsuda, Satoru Ogawara, Takao Saito, Hidetoshi Kaneoka, Toshiharu Ooji
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

A 68-year-old male with chronic renal failure and anemia received recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), epoetin beta, for approximately 1 year. Although the agent was initially effective for improving anemia, anemia refractory to EPO administration appeared and then worsened later, and pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) was diagnosed. Anti-EPO antibody was detected by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) assay in the patient's serum. The antibody inhibited the proliferation of EPO-dependent cell line in a dose-dependent manner neutralizing EPO activity. The antibody also reacted with the other epoetin alfa products. The antibody did not recognize the carbohydrate moieties or denatured epoetin beta. The result suggested that the antibody recognized the conformational epitope of epoetin beta peptide molecule. Withdrawal of EPO and administration of cyclosporine decreased the titers of antibody; however, erythroid progenitor has not yet regenerated although the requirement for red blood cell transfusion is decreasing. Am. J. Hematol. 78:15–20, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Environmental Genome Project: functional analysis of polymorphisms.
Authors: F P Guengerich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The ultimate goal of the Environmental Genome Project is the improvement of human health on the basis of information about the variations in certain genes. The first phase of the project will involve the selection of the human genes and characterization of the alleles occurring in the American population. However, intelligent use of this information will require analysis of the relevance of the allelic differences. Epidemiology alone will not solve the problem, and mechanistic studies will be required. Factors to be considered in the design of functional analyses are considered in this commentary.
The Psychotherapy of the Psychosomatic Patient
Authors: P.-B. Schneider, F. Wulliemier
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

On the basis of a relatively restricted definition of psychotherapy, the authors describe some of the reasons why psychotherapy is rather seldom used for psychosomatic patients, on an individual or a group basis. Some details are then given about two other kinds of treatment which contain some elements of psychotherapy, and which have been developed in Lausanne as a consequence of the analysis of the early transactions between the psychosomatic patient and his attendants: (1) a bio-feedback method, whose technical aspect is used as a tool towards a more global approach, through encouraging insight and verbalization on the part of the patient; (2) an interdisciplinary approach by physiotherapists, psychiatrists and somaticians, working together in different modalities, adapted to the different cases.
Primary care spirometry
Authors: E. Derom, C. van Weel, G. Liistro, J. Buffels, T. Schermer, E. Lammers, E. Wouters, M. Decramer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Primary care spirometry is a uniquely valuable tool in the evaluation of patients with respiratory symptoms, allowing the general practitioner to diagnose or exclude chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sometimes to confirm asthma, to determine the efficacy of asthma treatment and to correctly stage patients with COPD. The use of spirometry for case finding in asymptomatic COPD patients might become an option, once early intervention studies have shown it to be beneficial in these patients. The diagnosis of airway obstruction requires accurate and reproducible spirometric measurements, which should comply with the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines. Low acceptability of spirometric manoeuvres has been reported in primary care practices. This may hamper the validity of the results and affect clinical decision making. Training and refresher courses may produce and maintain good-quality testing, promote the use of spirometric results in clinical practice and enhance the quality of interpretation. Softening the stringent ATS/ERS criteria could enhance the acceptability rates of spirometry when used in a general practice. However, the implications of potential simplifications on the quality of the data and clinical decision making remain to be investigated. Hand-held office spirometers have been developed in recent years, with a global quality and user-friendliness that makes them acceptable for use in general practices. The precision of the forced vital capacity measurements could be improved in some of the available models.
Diet in Diabetes
Authors: C. C. Forsyth, T. W. G. Kinnear, D. M. Dunlop
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Despite the long recognition of diabetes as a clinical entity, no successful method of treating the disease existed until the nineteenth century, when Rollo and Bourchadat discovered independently the value of dietary restriction.The latter noted the disappearance of glycosuria in diabetics when food was scarce during the Siege of Paris, and applied that observation to the management of his patients.In the twentieth century, Frederick Allen's work (Allen, 1914, 1917, 1923 ; Allen and Sherrill, 1922) on undernutrition in experimental diabetes in dogs put the dietary treatment of diabetes on a more rational basis.The clinical results obtained by the use of restricted diets were good in the case of mild and obese diabetics, but among other diabetics deaths from diabetic coma and tuberculosis were very common.Pregnancy was an exceedingly rare occurrence, and diabetic children did not grow satisfactorily.The discovery of insulin by Banting and Best in 1921 revo- lutionized the treatment of the disease.Since its intro- duction the necessity for subcaloric diets, and indeed for dietary restriction of any kind, has become a matter of controversy.Nobody questions the need for rigid dietary restriction for patients who are overweight, but for the diabetic who is not obese, and who requires insulin, three main types of dietary treatment are at present in use.1.A strict regime, in which the calories and all the proximate principles are meticulously prescribed, and which aims at the maintenance of normal blood-sugar levels and of a practically sugar-free urine.On May Day, 1950, the Archbishop of Canterbury inaugurated a festival at the Mayday Hospital, Croydon, and this year it was again celebrated.The patients were visited in the wards by civic, ecclesiastical, and other guests, and then a service was held in the hospital chapel.After- wards there was a staff tea at which the hospital committee, doctors, nurses, and guests mingled in an informal manner.Many old members of the staff returned to the hospital to mark the occasion, and the day's events were rounded off by a social evening organized by the hospital sports clubs.
A rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test based on single-cell morphological analysis
Authors: Jungil Choi, Jungheon Yoo, Mincheol Lee, Eun-Geun Kim, Ji Soo Lee, Seungok Lee, Seik Joo, Sang Hoon Song, Eui-Chong Kim, Jung Chan Lee, Hee Chan Kim, Yong-Gyun Jung, Sunghoon Kwon
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

An antimicrobial susceptibility test rapidly identifies bacterial response to drugs based on imaged morphology of single cells.
Early respiratory experience and subsequent cough and peak expiratory flow rate in 36 year old men and women.
Authors: N Britten, J M Davies, J R Colley
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Earlier work on the respiratory health of members of the Medical Research Council's national survey of health and development (1946 birth cohort) was extended to age 36. At that age measures of peak expiratory flow rate and respiratory symptoms, elicited by the MRC chronic bronchitis questionnaire, were made in 3261 cohort members. In both men and women lower peak expiratory flow and higher respiratory morbidity were independently associated not only with current indices of poor social circumstances and cigarette smoking but also with poor home environment at age 2 years and lower respiratory tract illness before age 10. The findings provide additional evidence for a causal relation between childhood respiratory experience and adult respiratory disease.
A young woman with xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F and a morphoeic basal cell carcinoma
Authors: T. ITOH, H. WATANABE, M. YAMAIZUMI, T. ONO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report an 18-year-old Japanese woman who had mild photosensitivity and a facial tumour, which was shown to be a morphoeic basal cell carcinoma. Although a line of fibroblasts derived from the patient, Kps6 cells, were slightly more sensitive to UV irradiation than normal cells, their level of unscheduled DNA synthesis was about 20% that of normal cells, and recovery of RNA synthesis after UV irradiation was moderately depressed. Complementation tests, carried out by cell fusion or by microinjection of plasmids harbouring xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) genes, indicated that the patient had XP group F. To our knowledge, this is the youngest XP group F patient with a malignant tumour reported to date.
Abstract 4439: Anti-cancer actions of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human cervical cancer
Authors: Kaipeng Jing, Soyeon Shin, Kyoung-Sub Song, Nayeong Kim, Soyeon Jeong, Jong-Seok Kim, Hae-Duck Park, Chang Han, Tong Wu, Jing X. Kang, Jong-Il Park, Seung-Kiel Park, Gi-Ryang Kweon, Wan-Hee Yoon, Byung-Doo Hwang, Kyu Lim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Over 90% of human cervical carcinoma is associated with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV), and a number of biological effects that could contribute to cancer suppression by ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) have been reported. However, the anti-cancer effect of ω3-PUFAs on cervical cancer has been not known yet. In this study, we report inhibitory mechanisms of ω3-PUFAs on cell growth and invasion in cervical cancer. DHA inhibited the cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In flow cytometry analysis, cell cycle of DHA-treated HeLa cells was arrested in G2/M phase and SubG1 cells also increased. Moreover, apoptotic cell death was confirmed by TUNEL assay, the induction of PARP cleavage and down-regulation of Bcl-2. The invasiveness of cells was significantly inhibited by DHA treatment in vitro transwell assay as well. The MMP-9 and MMP-2 promoter activities were decreased after DHA treatment. Cox-2 and VEGF promoter activities were also inhibited by DHA. Furthermore, DHA decreased the levels of reporter activity of NF-κB, which is transcription factor that regulates MMPs, Cox-2 and VEGF expression. In in vivo experiments, when human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-transformed mouse TC-1 cells were injected into the tail vein of Fat1 mice (Fat1 transgenic mice express a Caenorhabditis elegans ω3-desaturase converting ω6- to ω3-PUFAs endogenously.) and WT (wild type) mice, lung metastasis of TC-1 cells was dramatically inhibited in Fat1 transgenic mice compared to WT mice. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that ω3-PUFAs may inhibit metastasis as well as cell growth and invasion through suppression of MMPs/COX-2/VEGF expression by inhibition of NF-κB expression in cervical cancer cells, indicating that the utilization of ω3-PUFAs may represent a potential effective therapy for the chemoprevention and treatment of human cervical cancer.[This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government(MEST) (#E00026) and by the Infection Signaling Network Research Center (R13-2007-020-01000-0) at Chungnam National University]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4439.
Neurogenic and Humoral Factors Controlling Vascular Resistance in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Lyman T. Lais, Richard A. Shaffer, Michael J. Brody
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

The mechanism of sustained hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats has not been elucidated. In the present investigation, vasoconstrictor responses to a variety of neurogenic and humoral interventions were studied in the perfused hindquarters of Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar rats. In addition, central sympathetic electrical discharge was measured. Vasoconstrictor responses in the hindquarters to lumbar sympathetic nerve stimulation were unchanged or reduced in the spontaneously hypertensive rats, but the responses to intra-arterially administered norepinephrine and epinephrine were enhanced. Vascular responses to intra-arterially administered tyramine, angiotensin, and barium chloride were also greater in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. Vascular resistance was significantly higher in the spontaneously hypertensive rats, and this difference remained following bilateral lumbar sympathectomy. Despite elevated systemic blood pressure, integrated nerve activity at rest was not different in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. The inverse relationship between arterial blood pressure and sympathetic nerve discharge was not different between spontaneously hypertensive and control rats when pressure was either raised or lowered. Changes in efferent sympathetic discharge produced by activation of chemoreceptors (asphyxia) were somewhat less in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. The contribution of low-pressure baroreceptors (45° tilt) to activation of sympathetic vasomotor tone was not different in the spontaneously hypertensive rats despite a greater decline in systemic blood pressure during the procedure. These data demonstrate that established hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat does not derive from either enhanced central adrenergic discharge or altered central integration of afferent information from peripheral sensory receptors but may result from humoral (e.g., increased reactivity to vasoconstrictors) or structural factors.
Only 5% of the world's population is protected from second hand smoke by law, says WHO
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Second hand tobacco smoke causes 600 000 premature deaths each year globally, a third of them among children, warns the World Health Organization in a report. It says that more than 90% of people worldwide are still not protected from the dangers of second hand smoke. 

More effective measures need to be “taken urgently” by governments to protect people by enacting, and enforcing, more smoke free laws, says the agency.

The report says children exposed to second hand smoke face a 50% to100% higher risk of acute respiratory illness and higher incidence of ear infections.

WHO estimates that about 700 million children worldwide, or 40% of all children, are exposed to second hand tobacco smoke at home.

It …
Is a Weekly Supervised Upper Limb Exercise Program of Value for Women with Early Breast Cancer?
Authors: S. Kilbreath, K. Refshauge, J. Beith, J. Simpson, L. Ward, M. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The aim of this randomised single blinded study was to determine whether an upper limb exercise program, commencing 4-weeks after surgery for early breast cancer, prevents upper limb symptoms, such as pain, swelling, stiffness and weakness.Methods: 156 women, aged 52.5 ± 11.7 y, who had undergone either axillary node dissection (AND; n=94) or sentinel node biopsy (SNB; n=62) for unilateral breast cancer in combination with either mastectomy (n=74) or wide local excision (n=82) within the previous 4 weeks, participated. Women were randomised to either an 8-week exercise program (n=79) or to usual care (n=77); participants were stratified for type of axillary surgery (SNB or AND) and treatment site. The exercise program comprised a home program of daily passive stretching for shoulder muscles and resistance training using Thera-Band® on alternate days for muscles about the shoulder. Women also attended a weekly exercise session. Usual care included routine follow-up with their medical specialists, a breast nurse and a post-operative visit with the physiotherapist and occupational therapist who provided instructions about exercises. The primary outcome was self-reported arm and chest symptoms derived from the EORTC breast cancer specific questionnaire (BR23) which was scored out of 100 with a low score indicative of fewer symptoms. The secondary outcomes included physical measures of shoulder range of motion, strength, and swelling. Presence of lymphoedema (LE) was determined by the inter-limb impedance ratio, using bioimpedance spectroscopy.Results: After the 8-week intervention period, there was no significant difference between groups in either the self-reported or the physical measurements (Table 1).Table 1. Baseline and 8 weeks data (mean ± SD). Usual care group Exercise group Baseline8 weeksBaseline8 weeksSelf-report symptoms (max 100) Arm24.5 ± 14.514.6 ± 14.225.9 ± 18.512.5 ± 12.9Breast25.8 ± 16.219.2 ± 17.725.6 ± 19.217.1 ± 16.7Range of motion interlimb difference (deg) Flexion19.8 ± 19.06.9 ± 7.023.9 ± 19.05.4 ± 7.3Abduction14.5 ± 14.04.7 ± 8.821.1 ± 18.43.8 ± 8.1Inter-limb strength difference (Newtons) Flexion15.9 ± 21.55.6 ± 19.417.0 ± 21.84.0 ± 15.8Abduction20.0 ± 25.85.7 ± 19.725.2 ± 28.61.0 ± 19.3Swelling (n) Prevalence of LE (by impedance)7/7714/745/789/74 Conclusion: A weekly, supervised, 8-week upper limb exercise program is not warranted for all women with early breast cancer treated with surgery to the axilla. Usual care in which women are seen post-operatively by a physiotherapist, occupational therapist, and breast nurse with ongoing monitoring by the specialists is sufficient for most women.Acknowledgement: Supported by NSW Cancer Council Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 811.
Electrospun cellulose acetate phthalate fibers for semen induced anti-HIV vaginal drug delivery
Authors: Chaobo Huang, Stefaan J. Soenen, Ellen van Gulck, Guido Vanham, Joanna Rejman, Serge Van Calenbergh, Chris Vervaet, Tom Coenye, Hans Verstraelen, Marleen Temmerman, Jo Demeester, Stefaan C. De Smedt
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Cardiologists Send Up a Trial Balloon in New Efforts To Relieve Heart Failure
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

RELIEF OF HEART FAILURE symptoms in elderly patients with severe aortic or mitral stenosis is the aim of an expanding number of cardiologists performing percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. At the recent meeting of the American Heart Association in Dallas, William Grossman, MD, Herman Dana Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Boston, reported on a group of 76 patients on whom the procedure was performed at Beth Israel Hospital, where he is chief of the Cardiovascular Division. Inspired by the work of a friend and colleague, pediatrician James E. Lock, MD, director of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory at Boston Children's Hospital, who had developed a method of opening stenotic mitral valves in children, Grossman started his research on postmortem hearts in July 1985 and first applied the treatment clinically on Oct 1 of that year. That patient, a 75-year-old man with severe mitral stenosis, and the second patient, a 93-year-old woman
Betting your life on it
Authors: Mark Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Betting your life on it Problem gambling has clear health related consequencesThe United Kingdom is about to undergo one of the most radical changes of gambling legislation in its history.The new gambling bill will provide the British public with increased opportunities and access to gambling like they have never seen before.Gambling legislation will be revolutionised, and many of the tight restrictions on gambling dating back to the 1968 Gaming Act will be relaxed.As a result the number of casinos will increase, and Las Vegas type casinos will be introduced in resorts such as Blackpool.The deregulation of gambling is also coupled with the many new media in which people can gamble.As a consequence of technological innovation, people in the United Kingdom now have access to internet, interactive television, and mobile phone gambling.Given the expected explosion in gambling opportunities, is this something that the medical profession should be concerned about?
15 BASELINE HBsAg LEVEL PREDICT HBsAg LOSS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS TREATED WITH A COMBINATION OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A AND ADEFOVIR: AN INTERIM ANALYSIS
Authors: B. Takkenberg, H. Zaaijer, C. Weegink, V. Terpstra, M. Dijkgraaf, P. Jansen, H. Janssen, M. Beld, H. Reesink
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)