tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 19-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A fifty-six-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of malaise. Six days previously he was weak, and on the next day he had a cough productive of small amounts of whitish sputum. Three days before entry malaise, marked weakness and anorexia occurred, and two days later he felt feverish and had a shaking chill. The temperature was 99.6°F., by rectum. Two hours before admission he collapsed. There was no history of chest pain, hemoptysis or exposure to tuberculosis. During the three days before entry his wife had similar symptoms of a less severe degree, as well . . .
The Nonprotein Nitrogen Level of the Blood in Renal Disease
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The accumulation of nitrogenous compounds in the blood constitutes the most characteristic biochemical change of renal insufficiency. The degree of retention is variously expressed in terms of the concentration of blood urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), or nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and this may occasionally cause confusion. The BUN, widely used in the United States, and the blood urea level, more frequently employed in Europe, can be used interchangeably (by using a conversion factor of 2:1). The NPN however cannot be accurately converted to BUN. Use of the NPN in clinical medicine stems from the earlier difficulties of measuring blood urea. At the present time, urea determinations are readily available and use of the NPN can no longer be recommended. However, since many laboratories continue to estimate NPN, its significance and its relation to the more commonly used BUN must be understood. The NPN of blood includes all nitrogen that is
The frequency of fragrance allergy in patch-tested patients increases with their age
Authors: D.A. Buckley, R.J.G. Rycroft, I.R. White, J.P. Mcfadden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

The most likely age of sensitization to fragrance chemicals is unknown.To investigate the frequency of allergy to the 8% fragrance mix (FM) in each decade of life in patients undergoing patch testing for the investigation of skin symptoms.Patients (n = 23 846; 14 104 female and 9742 male) underwent patch testing to a standard series between 1 January 1984 and 31 December 1998. All data were recorded on a computerized database.We found that 8.4% of females and 6.4% of males were allergic to the FM. The frequency of fragrance allergy was low in the first two decades of life (2.5-3.4%). It gradually increased in females after the age of 20 years to peak in the 60s at 14.4% of those tested, with a decline to 11.6% in the 80s. The prevalence in males rose more slowly and peaked at 13.7% in the 70s, declining to 10.8% in the 80s. The youngest patients sensitized were aged 2 years.These findings support the hypothesis that allergy to fragrance results from a combination of repeated environmental exposure and age-related susceptibility factors.
Medicine--more than molecules and money
Authors: E. O. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —In connection with Dr Eisenberg's 1 thoughtful analysis of the problems facing medicine today, I wonder whether it may not be useful to draw a distinction between medicine, a body of knowledge, and the practice of medicine, the application of this knowledge. The body of knowledge as set forth in any textbook of medicine can be properly called a science because it is organized to reflect a theory and because it has been acquired by scientific methods. The theory is the one formulated by Virchow over a century ago that states illness is the manifestation of changes in the structure or function of organs, tissues, and cells; the scientific methods range from the systematic analysis of the relationship between clinical observations and pathological findings to test-tube experiments.  It is the pride of the practice of medicine that it is based not merely on a body of knowledge
Manganese Poisoning: An Industrial Hazard in the United States.
Authors: Arnold H. Greenhouse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Manganese Poisoning: An Industrial Hazard in the United States.Arnold H. Greenhouse, M.D., F.A.C.P.Arnold H. Greenhouse, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-838_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough the Parkinson syndrome caused by manganese exposure was described 130 years ago, recent interest in this entity has occurred because these patients apparently respond to treatment with levodopa. Manganese intoxication in Chilean miners has received extensive coverage, but less well known are the dangers in other parts of the world, including the United States, from processing or handling manganese. Manganese ore is received from mines throughout the world at one factory in El Paso, Tex., where it is reduced in size and then shipped to steel, potash, brick, and other industries. Detailed examinations were made of four laborers from... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albuquerque, N.M. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 838-839KeywordsIntoxicationLevodopa Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A potential link between muscle peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-α signaling and obesity-related diabetes
Authors: Brian N. Finck, Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi, Dong Ho Han, Trey Coleman, Nandakumar Sambandam, Lori L. LaRiviere, John O. Holloszy, Clay F. Semenkovich, Daniel P. Kelly
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2005)
Nicholas Mark Reynolds
Authors: J. Lockyer, K. Kerr, D. Walker, P. Norgren
Journal: BMJ (2012)

After general practitioner training and a paediatric rotation in Wales, Nicholas Mark Reynolds (“Nick”) became a partner in Keynsham in 1993. His wife Kerensa joined the practice a few years later. A committed generalist, Nick enjoyed the variety and independence of general practice. He was enormously respected for his clinical acumen, calm nature, …
Can Physicians Manage the Quality and Costs of Health Care? The Story of The Permanente Medical Group
Authors: James G. Burrow
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Many professionals in health and medicine who are concerned with mounting problems in the provision of medical care will find much of interest in this volume. It presents the response of Henry J. Kaiser, the great corporate contractor, to the challenges he confronted on the western industrial frontier that ushered in a lasting revolution in the provision of medical care. The author, John G. Smillie, MD, spent many years directing parts of the program he describes and has produced a book that will undoubtedly become the standard treatment of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Plan. Innovative methods in the delivery of medical care were nothing new when what became the foundation for the Kaiser Medical Program took shape in the 1930s. The federal government had introduced a prepayment program for merchant seamen in the late 18th century. Contract medical service reached back to the colonial era and gained a firm urban
Specific glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenating activity is deficient in cultured fibroblasts from glutaric aciduria patients.
Authors: D B Hyman, K Tanaka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Patients with glutaric aciduria (GA) have greatly increased urinary excretion of glutarate. Their leukocyte and fibroblast sonicates have deficient ability to produce 14CO2 from [1,5-14C]glutaryl-CoA, an enzymatic process with two sequential reaction steps, dehydrogenation and decarboxylation. In normal individuals, it is not known whether these two reaction steps require one or two enzymes, and currently it is assumed that a single enzyme, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GDH), carries out these two reactions. Since GA patients also excrete increased amounts of 3-hydroxyglutarate and glutaconate in urine, it was thought that glutaryl-CoA in these patients may be dehydrogenated but not decarboxylated. We developed a new assay specific for glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenation which measures enzyme-catalyzed tritium release from [2,3,4-3H]glutaryl-CoA, and we studied the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenating activity in cultured normal human fibroblasts and those from patients with GA. The Michaelis constant (Km) of normal human fibroblast GDH for [2,3,4-3H]glutaryl-CoA was 5.9 microM, and activity was severely inhibited by (methylenecyclopropyl)acetyl-CoA at low concentrations. Sonicates from all five GA fibroblast lines examined showed 2-9% of control glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenating activity, corresponding to the deficient 14CO2 releasing activity. These results indicate either that the conversion of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA is accomplished by two enzymes, and patients with GA are deficient in the activity of the first component, or alternatively, that this process is carried out by a single enzyme which is deficient in these patients. It is unlikely that urinary glutaconate and 3-hydroxyglutarate in GA patients are produced via GDH.
Quantitative Computed Tomography of Vertebral Spongiosa: A Sensitive Method for Detecting Early Bone Loss After Oophorectomy
Authors: HARRY K. GENANT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We assessed serially the bone mineral loss in 37 premenopausal women for 24 months after oophorectomy and determined the dose-response for conjugated estrogen therapy in preventing this loss. Spinal cancellous bone was measured by quantitative computed tomography and measurement of appendicular cortical bone by radial photon absorptiometry and metacarpal radiogrammetry. For the placebo and low-dose treatment groups, the mean annual bone mineral losses were 7% to 9% from the vertebral spongiosum and 1% to 3% from the peripheral cortex. The correlation between axial and appendicular loss was weak (r = 0.581), precluding a reliable estimate of spinal loss from peripheral measurements. For the maximal-dose group (0.6 mg/d), the mean annual bone mineral losses were less than 0.5% from the axial and appendicular sites, and were not significant. The results indicate that spinal quantitative computed tomography provides a highly sensitive measurement of bone mineral loss after oophorectomy, that bone mineral loss is five- to sevenfold greater from the spinal spongiosum than from the appendicular cortex, and that conjugated estrogen in doses of less than 0.6 mg/d are inadequate to prevent the vertebral mineral loss.
<i>PORCN</i>gene mutations and the protean nature of focal dermal hypoplasia
Authors: S.E. Clements, J.E. Mellerio, S.T. Holden, J. McCauley, J.A. McGrath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is an X-linked dominant disorder featuring developmental abnormalities of ectodermal and mesodermal tissues. Pathogenic mutations in the PORCN gene (locus Xp11.23) were identified in 2007 and thus far 27 different mutations have been reported. PORCN encodes a putative O-acyltransferase which facilitates secretion of Wnt proteins required for ectomesodermal tissue development. We investigated PORCN gene pathology and pattern of X-chromosome inactivation analysis in two unrelated Caucasian female patients who presented with multiple developmental abnormalities consistent with FDH. We also reviewed the clinical and molecular data for all reported PORCN mutations and assessed genotype-phenotype correlation for sporadic and familial cases of FDH. DNA sequencing revealed two new PORCN gene mutations: p.W282X and c.74delG (p.G25fsX51). X-chromosome inactivation analysis revealed a random pattern in one case but was uninformative in the other. Collectively, point/small mutations account for 24 out of the 29 PORCN mutations and are typically seen in sporadic cases; larger deletions are more common in familial cases. Identification of two new PORCN gene mutations confirms the importance of PORCN-associated Wnt signalling in embryogenesis. Both new cases showed Blaschko-linear dermal hypoplasia and extensive ectomesodermal abnormalities, including severe limb developmental anomalies and a giant cell tumour of bone in one patient. Clinical variability can be attributed to the degree of lyonization and postzygotic genomic mosaicism, which are important mechanisms in determining the clinical presentation.
Danger in Cardioversion: Height of R and T Waves
Authors: Lawrence E. Meltzer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The report by Rabbino, Likoff, and Dreifus on "Complications and Limitations of Direct-Current Countershock" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:417 [Nov 2] 1964), and your editorial in the same issue, both regard the possibility that ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia may, in effect, be caused by direct-current countershock but fail to suggest that these complications may result from lapses in technique rather than from digitalis or as unexplained events. Most equipment for direct-current countershock uses the R wave as the point of reference for synchronization to deliberately minimize the likelihood of the discharge occurring at the vulnerable T wave area. It is apparently not well recognized that the machines are not actually able to distinguish R waves from any other wave form and that the discharge follows the highest wave in the cycle, assuming this will always be an R wave. It can readily be seen that there are many circumstances
Medical Journal Editing: Who Shall Pay?
Authors: Harold C. Sox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Editorials7 July 2009Medical Journal Editing: Who Shall Pay?Harold C. Sox, MD, EditorHarold C. Sox, MD, EditorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-1-200907070-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail This issue of Annals is my last as Editor and an occasion to describe some lessons learned. Here are 3: Spotless research is a rare exception; editors and statisticians who labor to improve reports of clinical research are a national treasure; and clinical journals can provide a unique public service if they ensure that research methods are correct, reporting is accurate and complete, and conclusions are appropriately cautious. These lessons will emerge as I discuss the question that haunts me as I leave Annals: Who will pay for this public good that clinical journals provide?Journals occupy a pivotal place ...References1. Laine C, Goodman SN, Griswold ME, Sox HC. Reproducible research: moving toward research the public can really trust. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:450-3. [PMID: 17339612] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Goodman SN, Berlin J, Fletcher SW, Fletcher RH. Manuscript quality before and after peer review and editing at Annals of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:11-21. [PMID: 8198342] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Hirschhorn M. How the New York Times could survive. The Atlantic. January/February 2009:41-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Harold C. Sox, MD, EditorAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed.Corresponding Author: Harold C. Sox, MD, American College of Physicians, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInformation RetrievalHow often do leading biomedical journals use statistical experts to evaluate statistical methods? The results of a surveyShould Psychology Journals Adopt Specialized Statistical Review?Information Retrieval and Digital LibrariesAffaire Wakefield : 12ans d'errance car aucun lien entre autisme et vaccination ROR n'a été montréHal beslutningstakerenThe Physiognomy of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2010Christine Laine: Internist, Medical Journalist, and Editor, Annals of Internal Medicine—2009Eric B. Larson, MD, MPHQuel avenir pour les journaux électroniques biomédicaux ? 7 July 2009Volume 151, Issue 1Page: 68-69KeywordsDrugsForecastingMultivariate analysisPatientsPreventive medicineResearch reporting guidelinesStatistical dataStent implantationSub-specialty careSystematic reviews ePublished: 7 July 2009 Issue Published: 7 July 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
US university sets up conflict of interest office after investigation into drug company payments
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, said that it was setting up a new office to oversee conflict of interest issues.

The US Senate Finance Committee is investigating Charles Nemeroff, chairman of the university’s department of psychiatry and behavioural sciences, for allegedly not reporting payments from drug companies.

The university said that the new central office “will help us ensure strong conflict of interest policies and procedures university-wide.”

The National Institutes of Health froze a $9.3m (£5.4m; €6.9m), five year grant to Dr Nemeroff on 15 August. Dr Nemeroff temporarily stepped down as department chairman, although he remains a professor. …
It's better to give
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As a child, a day meanders; as a teenager, the weeks roll; in your 20s the months tumble; and after you have children the years whizz by—I recall not a day of my 30s. We greedily squander time, taking it for granted. Until the “it’ll never happen to me” inevitably does. Then time is the only valued possession: anything for a few moments more with our loved ones. I once carried an organ donor …
An endothelial apelin-FGF link mediated by miR-424 and miR-503 is disrupted in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Jongmin Kim, Yujung Kang, Yoko Kojima, Janet K Lighthouse, Xiaoyue Hu, Micheala A Aldred, Danielle L McLean, Hyekyung Park, Suzy A Comhair, Daniel M Greif, Serpil C Erzurum, Hyung J Chun
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
THE ASCHHEIM-ZONDEK TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HYDATIDIFORM MOLE
Authors: Charles Mazer
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Dabney and associates (The Journal, September 2, p. 771) stress the need of revising the Aschheim-Zondek test in differentiating between hydatidiform mole and threatened or inevitable abortion. The authors correctly quote from Clinical Endocrinology of the Female: "Aschheim obtained a positive pregnancy reaction in a case of hydatidiform mole with one-twelfth the amount of urine usually necessary to secure such a reaction.... In cases of bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy associated with disproportionate enlargement of the uterus, the patient's urine should be diluted about ten or twelve times with water before it is injected into the test animals." Lack of emphasis on the phrase "the amount of urine usually necessary to secure such a reaction" is responsible for considerable confusion in the use of the Aschheim-Zondek test in the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole and chorio-epithelioma. The amount of urine necessary to produce a pregnancy
Antibody‐Functionalized Magnetic Polymersomes: In vivo Targeting and Imaging of Bone Metastases using High Resolution MRI
Authors: Line Pourtau, Hugo Oliveira, Julie Thevenot, Yali Wan, Alain R. Brisson, Olivier Sandre, Sylvain Miraux, Eric Thiaudiere, Sébastien Lecommandoux
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Multifunctional polymersomes loaded with maghemite nanoparticles and grafted with an antibody, directed against human endothelial receptor 2, are developed as novel MRI contrast agents for bone metastasis imaging. Upon administration in mice bearing bone tumor grown from human breast cancer cells, MR images show targeting and enhanced retention of antibody-labeled polymersomes at the tumor site.
Sensitivity Studies on Shigella Sonnei
Authors: G. B. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1953)

improvement in most of the cases treated by pneumo- peritoneum, which warrants its use in a larger series of patients.A pneumoperitoneum may be continued indefinitely, refills being given at weekly or, more usually, fortnightly intervals, although in Reich's experience the high position of the diaphragm was maintained for long periods after the pneumoperitoneum was discontinued.This he attributed to the fact that during treatment the patient performed an unconscious respiratory exercise, relaxing the diaphragm and contracting its antagonists, the abdominal muscles, and continued to do so without the aid of a pneumoperitoneum. SummaryA brief review of pulmonary emphysema and methods of accepted treatment is given.The progressive nature of the disease and the misery which is the lot of those severely affected warrant exploration of all new avenues of treatment.Nine severe cases of pulmonary emphysema treated by pneumoperitoneum are presented, with results encour- aging enough to justify further study.The rationale of pneumoperitoneum is to increase the intra-abdominal pressure sufficiently to cause elevation of the diaphragm during expiration, and yet not to impede its contraction during inspiration.Increased excursion of the dia- phragm is thus obtained, with consequent improvement in pulmonary ventilation.The vital capacity was increased in seven cases and the excursion of the diaphragm, measured radiologically, was improved in all cases.No improvement was evi- dent in two cases with a history of congestive cardiac failure and in one case with asthma.* Minimal inhibiting concentration in ,ug./ml.
Critical involvement of interferon gamma in the pathogenesis of T-cell activation-associated hepatitis and regulatory mechanisms of interleukin-6 for the manifestations of hepatitis
Authors: H Mizuhara
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A single intravenous injection of concanavalin A (Con A) induces T-cell activation and an acute hepatitis in mice. This study investigated the role of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in the pathogenesis of this hepatitis model. Striking increases in the plasma levels of various cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IFN-gamma, were detected before the increase in plasma aminotransferase levels induced by Con A injection. TNF levels peaked within 2 hours, whereas IFN-gamma levels peaked at 6 hours after Con A injection. In contrast to a sharp peak of TNF levels, high IFN-gamma levels were detected for a more prolonged period. Passive immunization with anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody (MAb) conferred a dose-dependent protection against liver injury in this model. This protection was observed when anti-IFN-gamma MAb was administered at least 30 minutes before Con A injection but not when given 1 hour after Con A injection. The protection from Con A-induced hepatitis was also induced by administration of rIL-6 before Con A injection. rIL-6 treatment induced significant albeit incomplete inhibition of IFN-gamma and TNF production, whereas this regimen did not affect IL-2 production. Despite striking protective effects of rIL-6 or anti-IFN-gamma MAb, comparable levels of cellular (both T cell and polymorphonuclear cell) infiltration were detected in liver sections from animals untreated, or treated with either rIL-6 or anti-IFN-gamma MAb. Moreover, electron microscopic examination showed that infiltrating T cells exhibited a blastoid appearance in all groups. These results indicate that IFN-gamma plays a critical role in the development of Con A-induced acute hepatitis and suggest that IL-6 administration can regulate the manifestation of hepatitis through mechanisms including the reduced production of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma.
Computerized Artifact Detection and Correction of Uroflow Curves: Towards a More Consistent Quantitative Assessment of Maximum Flow
Authors: W.P.J. Witjes, J.J.M.C.H. de la Rosette, M. Zerbib, G.C. Vignoli, C. Geffriaud, F.M.J. Debruyne, H. Wijkstra
Journal: European Urology (1998)