tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dangerous patients with mental illness: increased risks warrant new policies, adequate resources, and appropriate legislation
Authors: J. W Coid
Journal: BMJ (1996)

British people have become increasingly concerned about the risk of violence from patients with severe mental illness who have been discharged into the community. A few incidents have received considerable media attention and left a strong impression of the potential dangerousness of psychotic patients. Subsequent inquiries have revealed serious shortcomings both in the clinical management and supervision of these patients, with failures in liaison and cooperation between agencies being coupled with inadequate service provision, particularly of secure inpatient beds.1 2 3 The government has become increasingly vulnerable to opposition or pressure groups that will seize any opportunity to criticise its programme of care in the community. Health ministers may now be questioning whether current policies are adequate to deal with a growing crisis of public confidence and whether the proposed new mental health legislation will deal with the problem.4

No evaluation of current policy for dangerous patients can be undertaken without knowing whether the general public is genuinely at increased risk of harm from mentally ill patients. Unfortunately, the Department of Health is not helped by lack of research in this subject and the recent shift of position by academics.5 6 It is widely feared that bed closures mean predisposed patients are spending longer periods at risk of offending in the community. But earlier research suggesting that cohorts of patients discharged from public mental hospitals showed increasing rates of offending over time is now seen as inadequate.5 7 The progressive reduction in beds has itself altered the picture. Inadequate data and poor methodology still continue to confuse debate on clinical management. For example, the risks that mentally disordered people will commit homicide have been claimed to be both higher and lower than the risks for the general population but without adequate data to support either assertion. …
Malaria, Mefloquine, Madness, and Mosquito Nets-Reply
Authors: Hans O. Lobel
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply. —  Choosing a drug for prophylaxis against malaria requires weighing the risk of malaria infection against the effectiveness and tolerance of the drug. Mefloquine is the most effective drug available to prevent infections with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria, a potentially fatal infection. Available data indicate that the drug is well tolerated when used for prophylaxis at doses of 250 mg. The frequency and type of mild or moderate adverse events reported by users of mefloquine for prophylaxis do not differ from those reported by users of chloroquine for prophylaxis. 1,2 Anecdotal case reports suggest that serious neurological and psychiatric events, such as convulsions or hallucinations, are possible with mefloquine for prophylaxis; however, such events have not been reported from prophylactic drug trials or from surveys of users of mefloquine for prophylaxis. 1-4 These studies included a total of 18 591 persons. 2   In contrast, therapeutic doses of mefloquine,
Monitoring Tricyclic Antidepressant Plasma Concentrations
Authors: Leo E. Hollister
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Plasma concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants were monitored during treatment of 126 patients. Noncompliance in taking medication was suspected in 19 patients because of unusually low plasma concentrations in relation to the presumed dose. Determinations of plasma concentrations may also be useful for detecting inadequate treatment as judged by levels below the presumed therapeutic range. Attempts to correlate plasma concentrations with clinical response to amitriptyline hydrochloride and nortriptyline hydrochloride failed, probably because of the heterogeneity of depressive syndromes being treated. Plasma concentrations were correlated highly with dose in the case of amitriptyline, less so in the case of other drugs. Amitriptyline and imipramine hydrochloride generally produced plasma concentrations of the parent drug and metabolite higher in nanograms per milliliter than was the daily dose in milligrams; nortriptyline and desipramine hydrochloride did the opposite.
Northern Ireland minister promises guidance on abortion
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A High Court challenge on abortion rights in Northern Ireland has been halted after the province’s Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety promised to put draft guidance before the province’s ministerial executive by 7 March.

The Family Planning Association launched the case at the High Court in Belfast to try to force ministers to produce guidance for doctors and women on terminations in Northern Ireland. The association, which has been campaigning for over a decade for guidance, argued that the health department was acting unlawfully in failing to produce it. …
Sequence of retrograde atrial activation in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways.
Authors: R J Sung, H L Waxman, S Saksena, Z Juma
Journal: Circulation (1981)

To characterize the sequence of retrograde atrial activation in the presence of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways, we analyzed electrophysiologic data from seven patients in whom discontinuous AV nodal and ventriculoatrial conduction curves could be induced with programmed electrical stimulation. In all patients, electrograms of the high right atrium (HRA), lateral right atrium (LRA), low septal right atrium (SRA) and proximal coronary sinus (PCS) near the coronary sinus ostium were simultaneously recorded at a paper speed of 150-250 mm/sec. During programmed ventricular extrastimulation and incremental ventricular pacing, ventriculoatrial conduction via the fast AV nodal pathway resulted in SRA activation before PCS, HRA and LRA activation. However, the sequence of retrograde atrial activation abruptly changed with a shift from retrograde fast to retrograde slow AV nodal pathway conduction. Characteristically, during ventriculoatrial conduction via the slow AV nodal pathway, activation of the PCS preceded SRA activation by 5-20 msec and was accompanied by an alteration of the temporal relationship between HRA and LRA activation in all patients. These observations suggest that anatomically, the proximal common AV nodal pathway is a broad area that permits the slow AV nodal pathway to have a retrograde exit located posteriorly, inferiorly and to the left of that of the fast AV nodal pathway, and that the retrograde atrial activation sequence recorded during tachyarrhythmias should be determined with caution attempting to differentiate retrograde normal AV pathway from retrograde anomalous bypass tract conduction.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics and therapeutic effects of mitomycin C-dextran conjugates after intratumoural injection
Authors: Takehiko Nomura, Akira Saikawa, Satoko Morita, Toshiyuki Sakaeda (ne Kakutani), Fumiyoshi Yamashita, Kazuo Honda, None Yoshinobu Takakura, Mitsuru Hashida
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1998)
Abstract 1979: Tripartite motif 14 (TRIM14) is a putative tumor suppressor gene in non-small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: Josephine Hai, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all malignant lung tumors. Our group previously identified Tripartite Motif 14 (TRIM14) as a component of a prognostic multigene expression signature for NSCLC patients. TRIM14 belongs to a conserved family of Tripartite Motif-encoding genes that are involved in a broad range of biological processes, such as transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. However, TRIM14 itself is poorly understood, especially in the context of cancer progression. Here we investigate the biological function of TRIM14 in NSCLC. Methods: The expression of TRIM14 was modified in human NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H1395, NCI-H1650 and NCI-H157) by lentivirus-mediated overexpression and short-hairpin RNA-mediated silencing. Effects were assessed by examining in vitro cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, and in vivo tumorigenicity in mice. Results: In vitro studies show that TRIM14 overexpression in NSCLC cells suppresses proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, whereas knock-down of TRIM14 expression promotes cell proliferation and colony formation. In vivo studies demonstrate that knock-down of TRIM14 expression significantly increases tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Conclusion: This is the first study to suggest that TRIM14 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in lung cancer, affecting cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumor growth in mice. (Supported by Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute grant #020527) Citation Format: Josephine Hai, Ming-Sound Tsao. Tripartite motif 14 (TRIM14) is a putative tumor suppressor gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1979. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1979
Physicians and the Hall of Fame.
Authors: Edward F. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Charleston, S. C., Oct. 29, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your editorial in issue of October 27, "Physicians and the Hall of Fame," should meet the hearty endorsement of the entire profession, and I trust you will push the matter further. The name of Dr. Marion Sims should in my opinion be foremost in the minds of all. Yours truly,
Cost of Prescribing — Medical Responsibility — Men and Mountains
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE latest and most constructive approach to the problem of stabilizing the cost of the National Health Service has been the appointment of the Guillebaud Committee. Under the chairmanship of the Cambridge economist, Mr. C. W. Guillebaud, the Committee will review the present and prospective cost of the service and will "suggest means of ensuring the most efficient use of such Exchequer funds as may be available and advise how, in view of the burdens on the Exchequer, a rising charge upon it can be avoided, while providing for the maintenance of an adequate service." The appointment of this committee . . .
Effect of a high induction dose (10 MU/TIW) of α-interferon (α-IFN) compared to a 5 MU/TIW dose in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: an interim report
Authors: L. Puglisi, A. Buzzi, A. Matera, P. Marino, M. Pompili, GL Rapaccini, A. Grieco, G. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
BMA meeting: Doctors vote to limit number of medical students
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Delegates at the annual BMA conference voted by a narrow majority to restrict the number of places at medical schools to avoid “overproduction of doctors with limited career opportunities.” They also agreed on a complete ban on opening new medical schools.

David Sochart, from Manchester and Salford, warned that in the current job climate allowing too many new doctors into the market would risk devaluing the profession and make newly qualified doctors prey to “unscrupulous …
Personalized Medicine vs Guideline-Based Medicine
Authors: Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Alfred E. Buxton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Listeria monocytogenes infection in a prosthetic knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: L V Booth, M T Walters, A C Tuck, R A Luqmani, M I Cawley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The prosthetic knee joint of a 64 year old woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis was found to be infected with Listeria monocytogenes. After treatment with intravenous antibiotics, symptoms gradually resolved. She subsequently received prolonged treatment with oral co-trimoxazole and 18 months later remained well.
Pancreatitis, Hypercalcemia, and Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Orlo H. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to the article entitled "Acute Pancreatitis Secondary to Hypercalcemia: Occurrence in a Patient With Breast Carcinoma" by Gafter et al (235:2004, 1976). In this article, the authors conclude by stating: "The present report provides another example of pancreatitis due to hypercalcemia of nonparathyroid origin." Although the patient described by the authors had disseminated carcinoma of the breast and had only one normal parathyroid gland identified at postmortem examination, I do not think the evidence supporting their conclusion that her acute pancreatitis was due to the hypercalcemia related to her breast tumor is very strong. The patient they described not only had hypercalcemia and carcinoma of the breast, but also had hypophosphatemia. Several previous investigations have documented that patients with hypophosphatemia, hypercalcemia, and breast cancer have coexistent parathyroid tumors.<sup>1-4</sup>Breast cancers secrete substances that do not cause hypophosphatemia.<sup>5-6</sup>Thus, in patients with hypercalcemia caused
ABC of preterm birth: Obstetric issues in preterm birth
Authors: Deirdre J Murphy, Peter W Fowlie, William McGuire
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Predicting and preventing preterm labour and choosing the safest method of delivery are important challenges in reducing the number of preterm births and improving outcomes for mother and baby. This article covers the predictive tests, methods of prevention, maternal and fetal indications for preterm birth, and various approaches to delivery.
Survival Experience in The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project
Authors: H. Seidman, S. K. Gelb, E. Silverberg, N. LaVerda, J. A. Lubera
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1987)

Very high survival rates have been observed in four through 11 years of follow-up in 4,240 women with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP). The relative five, eight, and 10-year survival rates were 88, 83, and 79 percent, respectively. Allowances were made for lead-time bias among cancers detected through screening, and the validity of the findings was supported by internal analyses, which showed that length-time bias was of little, if any, importance, and that any possible "overdiagnosis" of cancer cases was also of small relevance. In view of current interest in the value of screening women before age 50, intensive analyses were made comparing the BCDDP data for women in their 40s with women in their 50s. In terms of kinds of breast cancers found, modality of finding them, and survival rates once they have been found, the parallel results for the two groups show that screening was vitually as effective in the younger as in the older women. Some authorities are of the opinion that the benefits of mammography after age 50 are well documented, but at younger ages the evidence is still inconclusive. The findings in this study show there is no doubt of the very successful results of screening for breast cancer with mammography in younger as well as older women. In comparing relative five-year and eight-year survival rates for women with invasive breast cancers detected through screening in the BCDDP, with those for cases diagnosed in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (NCISEER) program from 1977 to 1982, it is seen that for individual subcategories by tumor size and nodal class, the survival rates are about the same. However, for overall invasive cancers, the five-year and eight-year survival rates were 87 and 81 percent, respectively, for the BCDDP, compared with 74 and 65 percent for SEER. Thus the substantial gains in survival followed the large shift toward a high proportion of cancers being diagnosed and treated in more favorable stages through the screening accomplishments. With respect to the relative case fatality rates, the complements of the relative survival rates, the eight-year rate of 19 percent for the BCDDP versus that of 35 percent for SEER connotes 46 percent fewer women dying in the BCDDP group.
Adventitial Mast Cells Connect With Sensory Nerve Fibers in Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries
Authors: Petri Laine, Anita Naukkarinen, Lasse Heikkilä, Antti Penttilä, Petri T. Kovanen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The number of activated mast cells is increased in the adventitia of coronary segments with plaque rupture and in spastic atherosclerotic coronary segments. Neurogenic activation of mast cells has been demonstrated previously in other tissues. Here we identified and quantified contacts between mast cells and nerves in the adventitia of normal and atherosclerotic coronary segments.Normal (types 0 or I) and atherosclerotic (lesion types II, III, and IV) coronary segments from 22 unselected autopsy cases were stained for mast cells and sensory nerves by a histochemical double-labeling method. Contacts between mast cells and sensory nerves were quantified morphometrically and also identified by confocal microscopy. Coronary arteries obtained during heart transplantation were stained for the neuropeptides capable of stimulating mast cells, ie, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. In the adventitia of atherosclerotic coronary segments with type IV lesions, the numbers of mast cells and mast cell-nerve contacts (104+/-15 mast cells/mm(2) and 30+/-5 nerve contacts/mm(2); mean+/-SEM) were significantly greater than in segments with type III lesions (79+/-12 [P<0.001] and 24+/-6 [P<0.001]), those with type II lesions (54+/-4 [P<0.001] and 12+/-2 [P<0.001]), or those with normal intima (31+/-3 [P<0.001] and 4+/-1 [P<0.001]). The nerve fibers connected with mast cells contained both substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, which identified them as sensory nerves.Neurogenic stimulation of mast cells in the adventitia of coronary arteries may release vasoactive compounds, such as histamine and leukotrienes, which can contribute to the complex neurohormonal response that leads to abnormal coronary vasoconstriction.
Risk factors for hepatotoxicity from antituberculosis drugs: a case-control study.
Authors: J. N. Pande, S. P. Singh, G. C. Khilnani, S. Khilnani, R. K. Tandon
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Several risk factors for the development of hepatotoxicity during short course antituberculosis therapy have been suggested. A case-control study was undertaken to assess the role of age, sex, disease extent, nutritional status, past history of liver disease, infection with hepatitis viruses, acetylator status, and high alcohol intake as risk factors in the development of hepatotoxicity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving antituberculosis treatment. METHODS: The cases comprised 86 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as having hepatitis induced by antituberculosis drugs and who were negative for any of the hepatitis markers (HAV-IgM, HBsAg, HBc-IgM, and anti-HCV). The control group comprised 406 consecutive patients attending the chest clinic who completed antituberculosis treatment without developing hepatitis. The variables analysed were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of high alcohol intake, radiological extent of the disease, acetylator status, and serum proteins. RESULTS: The cases were older and their serum albumin levels were lower than in the control group. High alcohol intake was more common among the cases, they had more extensive disease radiologically, and the proportion of slow acetylators was higher. No differences were observed between the two groups in the other risk factors analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Of the various risk factors analysed, only advanced age, hypoalbuminaemia, high alcohol intake, slow acetylator phenotype, and extensive disease were risk factors for the development of hepatotoxicity. The risk of hepatitis in the presence of one or more of these risk factors may be increased.
RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR SURVIVAL WITH GOOD NEUROLOGIC RECOVERY AFTER CARDIAC ARREST AND TREATMENT WITH THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA. THE HARTFORD HYPOTHERMIA RISK SCORE
Authors: Sanjeev P. Bhavnani, Mridula Rai, Nathaniel Yu Chua, Donald Engles, Jeffrey Kluger, Justin B. Lundbye
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Clinical, histologic and quantitative angiographic predictors of restenosis after directional coronary atherectomy: A multivariate analysis of the renarrowing process and late outcome
Authors: Victor A.W.M. Umans, Annie Robert, David Foley, William Wijns, Emmanuel Haine, Pim J. de Feyter, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Ranitidine and Cimetidine-Reply
Authors: William B. Strum
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  The comments of Humphries and associates are appreciated and offer an opportunity for further discussion of H 2 -receptor antagonists. The purpose of the ranitidine article was to familiarize clinicians with this new drug, to compare it with its predecessor, cimetidine, and to indicate areas where a choice between the two might offer benefits to patients, within the constraints of a BRIEF REPORT. I think these objectives were achieved.  Regarding several of the stated concerns, brief responses should suffice. (1) The pharmacokinetic data presented are representative of the pharmacologic behavior of ranitidine, clearly state the doses used in the studies cited, and offer a comparison of the effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on inhibition of gastric acid secretion, the latter being a feature used by others for similar illustration. 1 An extensive literature is available for Humphries et al and other interested readers desiring more detailed information. 2
DENDRITIC KERATITIS.Read In the Section on Ophthalmology at the Forty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: WM. H. WILDER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In 1871, at the Heidelberg Ophthalmological Congress, Horner described a disease of the cornea characterized by the appearance of numerous vesicles arranged in groups, accompanied by severe pain, photophobia, lachrymation and conjunctival irritation coincident, in many cases with herpes febrilis of the nose, lips, eyelids and other parts of the face. In the thirty-one cases observed by him, there was in every case some catarrh al inflammation of the respiratory passages, and in twenty-eight there was present a herpes of the nose or lips. To this affection Horner gave the name, "herpes febrilis cornea." Inquiry as to the cause of this condition has been further prosecuted by subsequent writers, notably by Mile. Kendall a pupil of Horner, who in 1880, analyzed 115 cases from the Zurich clinic. These were differentiated from Zoster and classed as herpes febrilis. As to the general diseases that were held to have some causal relation