tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer Screening in Older Adults: Risks and Benefits
Authors: S. Rochman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

are more important than others,” said Marsh, who cofounded the P4 Medicine Institute with Hood. “The important signals are mixed up in the noise, so we’re developing tools to look for convergence and simplicity.” But will individuals capitalize on this information to keep illness at bay? Caplan said he’s doubtful, especially with the billions companies spend to promote unhealthy products, such as processed food. “We’ve known for a long time that being healthy requires lifestyle changes,” Caplan said. “We just need people to walk more, drink less [alcohol], eat better, reduce stress, and sleep more. Even without mapping a single gene, we should be able to make a huge dent in wellness now, and we’re not doing it. As with many things, the wealthier will respond better to personalized medicine. But if you’re poor and working three shifts and you can’t get good food in your neighborhood, then you’re not going to benefit from P4.” To Hood, that is a trivial generalization. “The whole mantra of eating less, exercising more, and staying out of the sun has gotten us nowhere because what people need is more targeted information about what they can do stay healthy,” he said. Experience with the pioneers, he said, shows that vitamin D levels among those who were deficient shot up to normal after they began taking supplements. “This shows what can happen when you educate people more appropriately.” But what happens when a risk factor doesn’t have an obvious response? Although managing elevated glucose is straightforward, Hudis said, a prediction of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is not. Yet P4 could help in this respect, Hudis said. By
S95 Double-blind Multi-centre Randomised Controlled Trial Of Vitamin D3 Supplementation In Adults With Inhaled Corticosteroid-treated Asthma (vidias)
Authors: A. Martineau, B. MacLaughlin, R. Hooper, N. Barnes, D. Jolliffe, A. Choudhury, R. Rajakulasingam, A. Bhowmik, D. Simcock, J. Grigg, C. Corrigan, C. Hawrylowicz, C. Griffiths
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Asthma exacerbations are commonly precipitated by viral upper respiratory infections (URI). Vitamin D insufficiency associates with susceptibility to URI in patients with asthma. A recent vitamin D trial in adults with asthma reported a trend towards reduced exacerbation risk in the intervention arm as a secondary outcome. Trials of vitamin D in adults with asthma with incidence of exacerbation and URI as primary outcome are lacking. We therefore conducted a multi-centre randomised controlled trial of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation in adults with asthma with co-primary outcomes of severe exacerbation and URI. <h3>Methods</h3> Two hundred and fifty adults with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-treated asthma were allocated to receive six 2-monthly oral doses of 3 mg vitamin D<sub>3</sub> or placebo over one year. Co-primary outcomes were time to first severe exacerbation and time to first URI. Sub-group analyses were performed to determine whether effects of supplementation were modified by baseline vitamin D status or genotype for thirty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms in eleven vitamin D pathway genes. <h3>Results</h3> Participants were allocated to vitamin D<sub>3</sub> vs. placebo in equal numbers; 82% were vitamin D insufficient at baseline. Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation did not influence time to first severe exacerbation (aHR 1.02, 95% CI 0.69–1.53, P = 0.91) or time to first URI (aHR 0.87, 95% CI 0.64–1.16, P = 0.34). The influence of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> on co-primary outcomes was not modified by baseline vitamin D status or genotype. Of 16 pre-specified secondary outcomes, only one showed a difference between arms: vitamin D supplementation induced a modest improvement in respiratory quality of life as evidenced by a reduction in mean total score for the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire at 2 months (-3.9 points, p = 0.005), 6 months (-3.7 points, p = 0.038) and 12 months (-3.3 points, p = 0.060). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation did not influence time to exacerbation or URI in a population of adults with ICS-treated asthma with a high prevalence of baseline vitamin D insufficiency.
Blueprint for Health: Medical Care Tomorrow
Authors: John Lorant
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Those readers who are interested in the opinions of a participant-observer unabashedly devoted to the British National Health Service (NHS) will wish to read Dr. Murray's book. His viewpoint, expressed in the introduction, aptly sets the tone for subsequent discussion: "In the delivery of health care the European system is ahead of anything that has been suggested in the U.S. and the British National Health Service is more soundly based and more comprehensively developed than those it may join in the Common Market." While the author hopes that his look into Britain's future may be of help to those countries "whose system of health care still lags behind the best,"<i>Blueprint for Health</i>is ultimately addressed to planning for the NHS. This "attempt to crystallize British views" thereby looks at a number of questions from a largely parochial perspective. Brief discussions of health care in other countries precede Murray's focus
115 PRE TRANSPLANT AFP LEVEL IS A SIMPLE AND USEFUL TEST FOR A CONTROLLED EXPANSION OF MILAN CRITERIA IN LIVER TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: C. Duvoux, T. Decaens, F. Pessione, H. Badran, P. Compagnon, T. Piardi, F. Muscari, C. Francoz, E. Salame, S. Dharancy, S. Radenne, M. Neau-Cransac, A. Stacchini-Myx, J. Dumortier, G.P. Pageaux, J. Duclos-Vallée, M.-N. Hilleret, P. Lebray, O. Chazouillères, D. Botta-Fridlund, F. Conti, A. Abergel, M. Gratien, D. Cherqui, F. Roudot Thoraval
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor Alleviates Acute Airway Inflammation of Allergic Asthma in Mice By Down-Regulating Th17 Cell Differentiation
Authors: W.X. Zhang, Xueya Zhang, Anqun Sheng, Cuiye Weng, Tingting Zhu, Changchong Li, Wei Zhao
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Scheduling of Radiation and Chemotherapy for Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Repopulation As a Cause of Treatment Failure?
Authors: Anthony M. Brade, Ian F. Tannock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Themeta-analystcancastabroadnettogainstatisticalpower, possibly obtaining results clouded by the combining of heterogeneous trials, or can focus on more homogeneous data, thereby sacrificingpower.Inthisissue,DeRuysscheretal 1 havechosenthe latter approach to test the plausible hypothesis that initial chemotherapy or protracted radiotherapy can trigger repopulation of surviving cells in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LSCLC), thus decreasing the effectiveness of treatment. Repopulation of cells in critical normal tissues between individual dose fractions of either radiotherapy or chemotherapy is important for recovery or retention of normal organ function, thereby improving tolerance to treatment. Thus, a schedule of radiotherapy administered over 6 to 7 weeks leads to less normal tissuereactionthanasimilartotaldoseadministeredoverashorter time, and the kinetics of repopulation in the bone marrow allow repetitive scheduling of cycle-active chemotherapy at approximately 3-week intervals. However, repopulation of surviving tumor cells also occurs between dose fractions of either radiation or chemotherapy and effectively decreases tumor-cell kill (Fig 1). 2,3 There is evidence in several tumor types for an increase in the rate of repopulation during the latter part of a course of radiation treatment, which is an effect long recognized as a mechanism of clinicallysignificantresistancetotreatment. 4 Therearefewdataon the role of repopulation in the longer intervals between cycles of chemotherapy, but accelerating repopulation probably occurs and can lead to clinical resistance, even if there is no change in the inherent sensitivity of the cancer cells. 2
The Production of Hyperbetalipoproteinemia and Hypercholesterolemia by Dietary Cholesterol in Normal, Type II, and Type IV Subjects.
Authors: W. E. Connor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973The Production of Hyperbetalipoproteinemia and Hypercholesterolemia by Dietary Cholesterol in Normal, Type II, and Type IV Subjects.W. E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P., S. N. Jagannathan, Ph.D.W. E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P., S. N. Jagannathan, Ph.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-820_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe occurrence of widespread hyperbetalipoproteinemia in the American population has heretofore been explained on a genetic basis. The hypothesis tested in this study was that an environmental factor, dietary cholesterol, might be an important contributing cause of beta lipoprotein elevation and, indirectly, atherosclerosis.Eight normal persons, 4 with type II, and 3 with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia were given a cholesterol-free diet and then a high-cholesterol (1000 mg/day) diet, each for 3 weeks. Cholesterol and triglyceride were measured in plasma and in lipoprotein fractions. The values for total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol after the high-cholesterol diet are shown in table below.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P.; S. N. Jagannathan, Ph.D.Affiliations: lowa City, Iowa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHyperresponsiveness to Dietary Cholesterol in Inbred Rabbits Is Not Associated with Enhanced Reduction in Binding of β-VLDL to Liver MembranesHypo- and Hyperresponders: Individual Differences in the Response of Serum Cholesterol Concentration to Changes in Diet 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 820-821KeywordsAtherosclerosisBlood plasmaCholesterolDietLipoproteinsPopulation genetics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Response of Children with Asthma to Ambient Particulate Is Modified by Tobacco Smoke Exposure
Authors: Nathan Rabinovitch, Lori Silveira, Erwin W. Gelfand, Matthew Strand
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Ambient particulate matter concentrations have been positively associated with urinary leukotriene E(4) (LTE(4)) levels and albuterol usage in children with asthma but interactions with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure have not been demonstrated despite obvious exposure to both pollutants in an urban setting.To assess the health effects of concurrent ETS and ambient particulate matter exposure in children with asthma.Albuterol usage and LTE(4) levels were monitored in 82 urban schoolchildren with asthma over three consecutive fall to spring school periods. Concentrations of morning maximum ambient particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (mmPM(2.5)) and urine cotinine levels were also measured daily.Albuterol usage and LTE(4) were related to mmPM(2.5) concentrations on days when urine cotinine levels were low (<10 ng/ml/mg creatinine); on these days, mean albuterol usage and LTE(4) increased up to 5 or 6% per 10 μg/m(3) increase in mmPM(2.5). In contrast, no significant relationship was observed when cotinine was high, although mean albuterol usage and LTE(4) levels were greater in this case. Model fits for LTE(4) levels as a function of mmPM(2.5) concentrations were improved when mmPM(2.5) concentrations were logged, suggesting a nonlinear dose-response relationship between particulate matter exposure concentrations and airway mediators of asthma, for which the relationship tends to flatten at higher concentrations.This study suggests that ETS modifies the acute effects of low-level ambient PM(2.5) exposure on childhood asthma. This negative interaction, the smaller effect of particulate matter exposure in children exposed to higher ETS, may be related to a nonlinear dose-response relationship between asthma mediators and particulate exposures.
A rapid and non-invasive 2-step algorithm for diagnosing tuberculous peritonitis using a T cell-based assay on peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells together with peritoneal fluid adenosine deaminase
Authors: Ju Young Lee, Sun-Mi Kim, Su-Jin Park, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Jun Hee Woo, Sung-Han Kim
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Healthcare professionals received 40m from drug companies last year
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Drug companies paid around £40m (€47m; $61m) to doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom in 2012 in honorariums and other fees, according to estimates from the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI).

The disclosure came as the pharmaceutical industry began publishing aggregate totals of payments made to doctors and other healthcare professionals as part of a …
Positive Methane-Producing Status Associated With Increased Serum Cholesterol in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Thomas M S Wolever, Judlyn Fernandes, Venketeshwer A Rao, Jean-Louis Chiasson, Robert G Josse, Lawrence A Leiter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

To determine if those who produce methane (i.e., have presence of methane in breath) have higher serum cholesterol than those who do not produce methane in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).We measured breath gases and fasting serum total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels in 21 subjects with IGT.The 11 methane-producers were well matched to the 10 non-methane-producers for age, sex, and body mass index. Methane-producers had higher fasting serum total (6.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; P < 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (4.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; P < 0.05) cholesterol concentrations with no difference in TG or HDL levels.The results suggest that in subjects with IGT, positive methane-producing status may be associated with increased serum cholesterol levels.
Right Lower Quadrant Pain
Authors: Pierre Lemercier, Lucía Flors, Silvia Paz Maya, Omar Andrés Carreño Saenz, Carlos Leiva-Salinas
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
A Pause, Progress, and Reassessment in Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Michael Unger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

We are all well acquainted with the frightfully high incidence of lung cancer and the short survival of patients after the diagnosis has been made. The extremely low survival rate is attributable in part to the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate among patients with stage I lung cancer is approximately 70%, and it declines to about 5% among patients with stage IV lung cancer. The serendipitous discovery of lung cancer in asymptomatic people is currently the principal way in which stage I lung cancer is detected.Unfortunately, we have not left . . .
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Messenger RNA Expression Level Is Preserved in Liver Metastases Compared with Corresponding Primary Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hidekazu Kuramochi, Kazuhiko Hayashi, Kazumi Uchida, Satoru Miyakura, Daisuke Shimizu, Daniel Vallböhmer, Seongjin Park, Kathleen D. Danenberg, Ken Takasaki, Peter V. Danenberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is associated with colorectal cancer liver metastases. It is reasonable to expect that measurement of VEGF in liver metastases would provide the best prediction of therapy benefit for VEGF-targeted drugs, such as bevacizumab (Avastin). In this study, we evaluated how VEGF mRNA level in primary colorectal cancer was related to that in corresponding liver metastases. Thirty-one pairs of primary colorectal cancer and corresponding liver metastases were analyzed.Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were dissected by using laser-captured microdissection. RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription. Quantitation of VEGF and internal reference gene (beta-actin) was done using real-time PCR (Taqman PCR).There was no difference between median VEGF mRNA levels of primary colorectal cancer and liver metastases (median value 3.79 versus 3.97: P = 0.989). On an individual basis, there was a significant correlation in VEGF mRNA expression between primary colorectal cancer and corresponding liver metastases (r(s) = 0.6627, P < 0.0001). In addition, the VEGF mRNA levels of the patients who had two or more liver metastatic tumors were significantly higher than those of the patient who had solitary liver metastatic tumor in both primary cancer (5.02 versus 3.34: P = 0.0483) and liver metastases (4.38 versus 3.25: P = 0.0358).Good prediction of VEGF mRNA levels in liver metastases can be obtained by measuring those of primary colorectal cancer. The risk of multiple liver metastatic tumors might be predictable by measuring VEGF mRNA expression in primary colorectal cancer. Further study is required to confirm these preliminary results.
Solitary nodular Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: M. IKEDA, Y. YAMAMOTO, N. KITAGAWA, H. KODAMA, T. MORIKI, M. HIROI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report a 3‐month‐old girl with a solitary variant of congenital self‐healing reticulohistiocytosis, one type of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Atherosclerosis influences the vasomotor response of epicardial coronary arteries to exercise.
Authors: J B Gordon, P Ganz, E G Nabel, R D Fish, J Zebede, G H Mudge, R W Alexander, A P Selwyn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We studied the vasomotion of epicardial coronary arteries during exercise and tested the hypotheses that abnormal vasoconstriction is related to the presence of atherosclerosis and may be related to endothelial dilator dysfunction. During cardiac catheterization quantitative coronary angiography was performed in 21 patients during supine bicycle exercise. 21 of 28 smooth, angiographically normal vessel segments dilated (14.0 +/- 1.8%) during exercise; four smooth segments did not change whereas only three constricted. In contrast, 15 of 16 vessel segments with irregularities constricted in response to exercise (17.0 +/- 0.1%) with only one segment dilating. All 10 stenotic segments constricted to exercise (23 +/- 4%). Six patients also received intracoronary acetylcholine before exercise to test endothelium-dependent dilator function. In five of six patients all nine vessel segments showed the same directional response to acetylcholine and exercise. Three irregular and two stenotic segments constricted with acetylcholine (51 +/- 21%) and exercise (9.0 +/- 0.6%). In contrast, four smooth segments dilated to acetylcholine (19 +/- 6%) and exercise (9 +/- 1%). Both exercise and acetylcholine generally dilated smooth but constricted irregular and stenosed coronary segments. It appears likely that atherosclerosis plays an important role in the abnormal vasomotion of diseased coronary arteries during exercise and the pattern of abnormality suggests impairment of vasodilator function.
Abstract 3105: Extracellular matrix density and the development of breast acini and ducts in 3D cultures
Authors: Muthulekha Swamydas, Krista Ricci, Karen J.L. Burg, Didier Dreau
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast epithelial cells develop into polarized and highly organized acinar and ductal structures in response to stromal cues, including extracellular matrix composition and density, which can in part be reproduced in 3D culture conditions. Here we present the effects of increasing density of stroma composition on the ability of heterotypic cultures of epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells to organize into acinar and tubular structures in in vitro 3D cultures. Normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cells were cultured in combination (30:70) with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (D1), in 3D matrices composed of increasing concentrations (0.8 to 8 mg/ml) of collagen I and growth-factor reduced Matrigel® (1:1). The organization of the breast-like structures was assessed by immunohistochemistry. After 3-5 days in culture, the organization and the presence of acinus-like and tubule-like structures were determined. By immunohistochemical analysis, NMuMG cells co-cultured with D1 cells formed acinar and tubular structures with the NMuMG epithelial cells surrounding a lumen composed of dead cells while the D1 cells were mostly peripheral and separated by laminin-positive basement membrane. Collagen I /Matrigel® matrices with density of 1.6 and 2.4 mg/ml were associated with significantly higher concentrations of acinus-like structures compared to other densities (p&amp;lt;0.05). In contrast, the high concentration (8mg/ml) matrix prevented the development of acinus-like structures (p&amp;lt;0.05). The number of tube-like structures was drastically reduced as the density of the collagen I / Matrigel matrix increased from 0.8 to 3.2 mg/ml (p&amp;lt;0.05). These results indicate that the density of the matrix influences the organization and the generation of acinus-like and duct-like structures in the mammary tissues. Whether the biomechanical and density properties of the breast extracellular matrix can be harnessed to build improved tissue culture systems to benefit breast cancer patients remains to be determined. This work was supported by grants from the Department of Defense Era of Hope program (BC044778) and the National Science Foundation EFRI program (CBE0736007). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3105. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3105
DIAGNOSTIC FACTORS CONCERNING HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS
Authors: RALPH A. FENTON
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Many otitic and intracranial conditions are simulated by the various manifestations of herpes zoster oticus. It may therefore not be without interest to review its etiology and pathogenesis up to the present, indebtedness to the pioneer studies of Ramsay Hunt,<sup>1</sup>Frank Dennis<sup>2</sup>and W. H. Sears,<sup>3</sup>being kept in mind. Knowledge of the nature and effects of the herpetic virus has lately been amplified by extensive immunologic study. It seems now pretty well agreed that the infectious agent is a filtrable virus, entering probably by the nose or nasopharynx, not by the skin,<sup>4</sup>This specific pathogenic agent becomes localized simlutaneously in ectodermal structures—the skin and mucous membrane—and in the tissues of the sensory nervous system. It may travel from the cortex to the periphery or vice versa, vaccinating the neural structures along which it travels, which serve as its culture medium. Theories of the pathogenesis of