tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What can be learned from studying Asian health problems?
Authors: P S Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The National Institutes of Health, owing to its broad mandate to pursue and support acquisition of knowledge in biomedicine, is very much concerned with any investigations leading to better understanding of the causes and control of human diseases. One approach is to study health and illness in special subsets of the United States population and of populations in foreign countries. In this paper, I shall touch briefly on a number of health problems and disease-oriented research topics looked at from the special perspective of Asian and Asian-American populations, hopefully to sensitize perceptions about the contributions that such studies can make to our total understanding of how best to achieve health and conquer disease. The new goal of the World Health Organization (WHO) is "Health for all by the year 2000." "The aim is to enable all people of the world to attain an acceptable level of health and to lead a socially and economically productive life". (1).
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUPRARENAL CORTEX ON THE GONADS OF RABBITS
Authors: Henry L. Jaffe, David Marine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. Double or partial suprarenalectomy in rabbits produces no specific changes either in the tubules or in the interstitial cells of the testes. 2. This is in sharp contrast with the marked hypertrophy of the interstitial cells of the ovary which usually occurs in rabbits surviving double suprarenalectomy 30 days or more. 3. These facts indicate that the interstitial cells of the testis and ovary are not functionally homologous.
Myoglobinuria Following Unilateral Status Epilepticus and Ipsilateral Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Ivan Diamond, Tomas I. Aquino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

MYOGLOBINURIA following convulsive seizures is a rare occurrence.1 2 3 4 This report describes a patient in whom myoglobinuria developed after unilateral status epilepticus. Although rhabdomyolysis was widespread on the side affected by epileptic seizures, the uninvolved side was normal and served as a control.Case ReportA 37-year-old Negro was admitted to the University of Chicago Hospitals because of status epilepticus. This involved the entire left side and lasted for 2 hours. He was unconscious on admission. After the convulsions had been brought under control with an intramuscular injection of 240 mg. of sodium phenobarbital physical examination revealed a robust man who . . .
Cerebral Infarction, Lupus Anticoagulant, and Habitual Abortion-Reply
Authors: David O. Wiebers
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Greenspoon has called attention to an important identifiable cause of habitual abortion that has only recently been identified. Since our patient's cerebral infarction and sixth abortion occurred approximately 25 years ago, no testing for lupus anticoagulant was performed. However, the values for sedimentation rate, lupus erythematosus clot test, prothrombin time, hemoglobin, platelet count, and serological studies were normal.
The Prophylactic Dose of Homologous Tetanus Antitoxin
Authors: James A. McComb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

WITH a modest increase in the amount of tetanus immune globulin, (human) now available for tetanus prophylaxis in this country, it seems important to re-examine the dosage estimate so that as many persons as possible may be benefited by its use. Cutter Laboratories were the first to distribute this product commercially in the early 1960's, and they are now joined by Hyland Laboratories. In 1963 the Massachusetts State Biologic Laboratories made available a small lot for use in Massachu setts. The great promise that this material offers over horse serum for prophylactic use in man justifies the hope that in . . .
The International Textbook of Cardiology
Authors: E. Grey Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This is a massive textbook of cardiology, but it is equally a substantial contribution to internationalism. The editor, in a prime example of a successful amalgamation of two cultures, has taken a unique stance and served to bring world talent between a book's covers. The international intent is of course expressed in the title, but a foreword by Mrs Paul Dudley White and Dr White's portrait further enhance the global altruism. The author's Shanghai origins have facilitated contributions from China. These are not quaint, herbal medicine items but first-rate scientific articles. The "international" range reaches Thailand, South Africa, Russia, Canada, India, Argentina, England, France, Belgium, Israel, and Japan, and of course the remarkable international makeup of the United States is told in the surnames of the American contributors. A search through the almost 1300-page text indicates that the whole world of modern cardiology is well covered. The search also reminds
Oxygen-induced lung injury in the guinea pig proceeds through CD18-independent mechanisms.
Authors: S E Keeney, M J Mathews, A K Haque, H E Rudloff, F C Schmalstieg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The pathogenesis of pulmonary oxygen toxicity is postulated to be related in part to neutrophil-mediated injury. This study examined the effect of a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD11a,b,c/CD18 glycoprotein complex (beta 2 leukocyte integrins) on oxygen-induced lung injury. M8, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the beta chain of the guinea pig leukocyte integrins that facilitate neutrophil adherence to vascular endothelium, was injected into adult guinea pigs prior to and during exposure to > 98% oxygen. Control oxygen-exposed animals were injected with a noninhibitory antibody to the CD18 complex or with saline. Survival in oxygen was similar for animals treated with M8 when compared with those treated with saline (102 versus 105 h, respectively, NS). Pulmonary edema as assessed by protein in the supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was higher in the three groups of oxygen-exposed animals than in the air-exposed groups (p < 0.01), but it did not differ between the M8 antibody treatment group and the other oxygen-exposed groups. M8 antibody treatment did not decrease hyperoxia-induced neutrophil accumulation into the lung as assessed by myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in lung homogenates or by neutrophil counts in histologic specimens. M8 antibody also did not decrease neutrophil counts or MPO in alveolar lavage fluid, both of which were significantly elevated in all oxygen-exposed groups. These results suggest that hyperoxia-induced neutrophil migration into the lung and acute lung injury occurs by CD18-independent processes in the guinea pig model of pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
Virus‐Shell Engineering: Biomineralization‐Based Virus Shell‐Engineering: Towards Neutralization Escape and Tropism Expansion (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2012)
Authors: Xiaoyu Wang, Yongqiang Deng, Shihua Li, Guangchuan Wang, Ede Qin, Xurong Xu, Ruikang Tang, Chengfeng Qin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Viruses in nanoscale are ideal templates for functional modification by chemical or material methods. On page 443, Chengfeng Qin, Ruikang Tang, Xiaoyu Wang, and co-workers present a novel surface modification strategy to afford a biocompatible and bio-degradable calcium phosphate (CaPi) shell onto single virus. Biomineralization-based virus shell engineering generates a Trojan virus that can enter cells in a receptor-independent manner and escape neutralization by antibodies, opening up multiple applications in biomedicines and materials.
Recurrent and fatal haemoptysis caused by an atheromatous abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Authors: M T Villar, J Wiggins, B Corrin, T W Evans
Journal: Thorax (1990)

A 74 year old woman presented with a two month history of recurrent small hemoptyses and died after a subsequent massive haemoptysis. At postmortem examination the source of bleeding was found to be a leaking saccular, atheromatous abdominal aortic aneurysm, which had ruptured through the diaphragm into the lower lobe of the right lung.
A Draconian Remedy
Authors: Antonio Boba
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The recent communication by Dr. Szasz (229:1326, 1974) is somewhat confusing to me, as to accept it at its face value would imply a degree of naivete of which Dr. Szasz cannot be suspected.  How can anybody expect empathy or understanding from members of a group that condones and authorizes the publication of a case report that begins, Neither her pretty, child-like face nor slim figure gave hint of the full and sordid life she had already lived...?1 If that is how they feel about their fee-paying patients, what does Dr. Szasz expect from an annoying colleague? Such remarks as these are not unique in the psychiatric literature.  The problem with psychiatry is that nobody, even if armed with an advanced understanding of the grammar and syntax of the English language, can fathom the meaning of the majority of printed works by psychiatrists about psychiatry or about
Activity of vincristine, L-ASP, and dexamethasone against acute lymphoblastic leukemia is enhanced by the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Min H. Kang, Yun Hee Kang, Barbara Szymanska, Urszula Wilczynska-Kalak, Michael A. Sheard, Theresa M. Harned, Richard B. Lock, C. Patrick Reynolds
Journal: Blood (2007)
Is primary sclerosing cholangitis a progressive disease or not?
Authors: Russell H. Wiesner, Patricia Grambsch, Nicholas F. Larusso, Rolland E. Dickson
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The clinicopathologic features and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis were reviewed in 53 patients followed at the Yale Liver Center during the past 30 yr. At presentation, the mean age of patients was 46 yr, and the male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Biliary sclerosis was limited to the intrahepatic ductal system in 21% of the patients. Fifty-three percent of the patients had mild disease without portal hypertension at presentation, and 25% had no symptoms attributable to their liver disease. Long-term follow-up was available for 42 patients and averaged 56 mo. Over this period, 16 patients remained mildly symptomatic, and 11 were asymptomatic. Survival was calculated by a Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis and demonstrated that 75% of the patients were alive 9 yr after the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. A multivariate analysis of clinical features revealed that hepatomegaly and a serum bilirubin level &gt; 1.5 mg/dl at the onset of disease were independent discriminators of a poor prognosis. Patients referred to this university medical center displayed different clinical characteristics than previously reported in primary sclerosing cholangitis. A higher percentage were older, female, and asymptomatic, and more had disease limited to the intrahepatic ductal system. Survival was also considerably improved in this group of patients and suggests that long-term prognosis for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis may be considerably better than previously believed. The natural history and prognostic factors of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are poorly defined. We reviewed our experience with PSC to determine its natural history and whether any factors on presentation or during follow-up were indicative of a favorable or unfavorable prognosis. Thirty-eight patients were followed up for 75.1 ± 58.7 months; 17 (45%) had a poor outcome, defined as the occurrence of death (11 patients [29%]), variceal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, or hepatic transplantation. We found the following: (1) the rate of progression of PSC is highly variable; (2) an asymptomatic presentation may not indicate a more favorable outcome or prolonged survival; (3) a serum bilirubin value of four times or more the upper limit of normal, particularly if sustained so as to exclude a reversible cause, is indicative of late-stage disease with a likelihood of subsequent poor outcome and death; and (4) variceal hemorrhage may occur before the terminal stage of the disease.
TRANSPLANTATION OF THE GRACILIS MUSCLE FOR INCONTINENCE OF URINE
Authors: CLYDE LEROY DEMING
Journal: JAMA (1926)

My object in this paper is to describe a new plastic operation for the control of urination in the absence of sphincters to the bladder. We know that either one of the normal sphincters is capable of producing continence of urination. When both are absent, we may expect that one artificial sphincter will suffice for this function, if properly constructed. Orthopedists have little difficulty in causing transplanted muscles to perform foreign tasks. Such transplantations and the course of action are practically always in a straight line. Unfortunately, we have no muscles with normal sphincter action per se which we can transplant into the neck of the bladder. The employment of straight bellied muscles for a complication of movements such as seen in a diaphragm has baffled many surgeons. The rectus muscle is used successfully in colostomies, but its action is a straight contraction, not a sphincteric one. There are no
PWE-003 Variations In Adenoma Detection Rate And Cancer Detection Rate In Individuals From Different Ethnic Groups Undergoing Bowel Cancer Screening Colonoscopy: Abstract PWE-003 Table 1
Authors: A. M. Verma, V. Lewin, A. P. Chilton, J. de Caestecker, A. Dixon, J. Jameson, P. Wurm, R. J. Robinson
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The prevalent round of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in England commenced in August 2006. Analysis of the first three years of the BCSP reveals a mean adenoma detection rate (ADR) of 46.5% (range 21.9-59.8%), and a mean polyp detection rate (PDR) of 59.7% (range 39.8–76.3%).<sup>1</sup> Anecdotally, BCSP colonoscopists have suggested that the PDR, ADR and cancer detection rates in screened individuals of South Asian descent may be lower than those of Caucasian (white) descent. This has never been proven as the BCSP does not record ethnic origin of screened individuals. <h3>Methods</h3> Between May 1<sup>st</sup> and December 31<sup>st</sup> 2013, every screened individual in Leicester and Kettering had their self-selected ethnic origin recorded in a database. The endoscopic findings and histology results noted in the Exeter online database was correlated to the database containing ethnic origin data and analysed. <h3>Results</h3> 851 screened individuals (colonoscopy), 466 individuals had polyps (394 adenomas), PDR = 54.76%, ADR = 46.30%, cancer detection rate = 5.41%. 734 “White” individuals (86.25%) 45 individuals had cancer (cancer detection rate = 6.13%) 421 individuals had polyps, PDR = 57.36% (95% CI: 53.75–60.89%) 353 individuals had polyps, ADR = 48.09% (95% CI: 44.50–51.71%) 101 “Asian or Asian British” (11.87%) 1 individual had cancer (cancer detection rate = 0.99%) 36 individuals had polyps, PDR = 35.64% (95% CI: 26.99–45.35%) 32 individuals had polyps, ADR = 31.68% (95% CI: 23.42–41.29%) 16 “Mixed”, “Black or Black British” or “Other Ethnic Groups” (1.88%) 0 cancers, 8 individuals with polyps/adenomas (PDR/ADR = 50%) Too few to meaningfully analyse <h3>Conclusion</h3> This analysis reveals a statistically significant lower ADR and PDR for South Asian screened individuals when compared to Caucasian (White) individuals. There is also a strong trend showing a lower cancer detection rate. This is important for clinicians to be aware of so that they can fully inform individuals undergoing colonoscopic screening. For regions with large South Asian populations, this observation can be used to appropriately plan services. ADR and cancer detection rates in these regions may be lower and may be a factor in the regional variations of ADR and cancer detection across the BCSP. <h3>Reference</h3> Lee TJW, Rutter MD, Blanks RG, <i>et al</i>. Colonoscopy quality measures: experience from the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. <i>Gut </i>2012;61:1050-1057 doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300651 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Aging-Related Cataract: Laboratory Investigation and Clinical Management
Authors: BRADLEY R. STRAATSMA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Cataract disrupts the crystalline lens, a transparent, elastic, avascular, biconvex structure composed of a capsule, lens epithelium, and lens fiber cells. Many factors contribute to the progression of lens opacity, but aging is most frequently associated with cataract. As aging-related cataract develops, many biochemical and biophysical changes occur, most notably a marked increase in the insolubilization of the crystallin and extensive oxidation damage to many of the lens constituents. Cataract management should include ophthalmologic history and examination, medical evaluation, optical correction, control of ocular and systemic disease that may contribute to cataract, discontinuation of cataractogenic drugs, and periodic reexamination. Surgery is indicated when cataract is associated with vision decrease interfering with activities important to the patient, intraocular inflammation or glaucoma, or interference with management of posterior segment disease. More than 600 000 cataract operations are done in the United States each year; in 1982 an estimated 496 000 cataract operations were combined with intraocular lens implantation.
Classification by Mass Spectrometry Can Accurately and Reliably Predict Outcome in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Erlotinib-Containing Regimen
Authors: Stuart Salmon, Heidi Chen, Shuo Chen, Roy Herbst, Anne Tsao, Hai Tran, Alan Sandler, Dean Billheimer, Yu Shyr, Ju-Whei Lee, Pierre Massion, Julie Brahmer, Joan Schiller, David Carbone, Thao P. Dang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Pharyngo-Esophageal Prostheses in Malignancies of the Cervical Esophagus
Authors: P. Spinelli, F. G. Cerrai, E. Meroni
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

Cervical location of inoperable esophageal carcinoma is usually considered a contraindication of palliative intubation due to technical limitations and complications of the procedure. Between 1978 and 1989, 32 patients with inoperable cancer of the cervical esophagus were treated endoscopically at the Endoscopy Division of the National Cancer Institute, Milan. Eight of them underwent endoscopic intubation. The prostheses were tolerated well and did not cause any respiratory impairment. No complications related to the procedure were observed. In seven of the patients resumption of oral nutrition led to improvement of the general condition. The mean survival time was 5.5 months (range 0.5-23 months).
Adenosine diphosphate strongly potentiates the ability of the chemokines MDC, TARC, and SDF-1 to stimulate platelet function
Authors: Adrian R. L. Gear, Sudawadee Suttitanamongkol, Delia Viisoreanu, Renata K. Polanowska-Grabowska, Sanghamitra Raha, David Camerini
Journal: Blood (2001)
MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS OF THE INTESTINE: A T-CELL LYMPHOMA
Authors: P.G. Isaacson, Jo Spencer, C.E. Connolly, D.J. Pollock, H. Stein, N.T.J. O'Connor, D.H. Bevan, N. Kirkham, J.S. Wainscoat, D.Y. Mason
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Yield of Molecular and Clinical Testing for Arrhythmia Syndromes
Authors: Nynke Hofman, Hanno L. Tan, Mariëlle Alders, Iris Kolder, Simone de Haij, Marcel M.A.M. Mannens, Maria Paola Lombardi, Ronald H. Lekanne dit Deprez, Irene van Langen, Arthur A.M. Wilde
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Sudden cardiac death is often caused by inherited arrhythmia syndromes, particularly if it occurs at a young age. In 1996, we started a cardiogenetics clinic aimed at diagnosing such syndromes and providing timely (often presymptomatic) treatment to families in which such syndromes or sudden cardiac death existed. We studied the yield of DNA testing for these syndromes using a candidate-gene approach over our 15 years of experience. Methods and Results— We analyzed the yield of DNA testing. In subanalyses, we studied differences in the yield of DNA testing over time, between probands with isolated or familial cases and between probands with or without clear disease-specific clinical characteristics. In cases of sudden unexplained death (antemortem or postmortem analysis of the deceased not performed or providing no diagnosis), we analyzed the yield of cardiological investigations. Among 7021 individuals who were counseled, 6944 from 2298 different families (aged 41±19 years; 49% male) were analyzed. In 702 families (31%), a possible disease-causing mutation was detected. Most mutations were found in families with long-QT syndrome (47%) or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (46%). Cascade screening revealed 1539 mutation-positive subjects. The mutation detection rate decreased over time, in part because probands with a less severe phenotype were studied, and was significantly higher in familial than in isolated cases. We counseled 372 families after sudden unexplained death; in 29% of them (n=108), an inherited arrhythmia syndrome was diagnosed. Conclusions— The proportion of disease-causing mutations found decreased over time, in part because probands with a less severe phenotype were studied. Systematic screening of families identified many (often presymptomatic) mutation-positive subjects.
On the Removal of a Fragment of Steel from the Retina with the Electro-Magnet, with Notes of Two Cases
Authors: S. Snell
Journal: BMJ (1899)

CEREBRAL TUmOUR.Mistakes in localisation Ilot infrequently occur, and in this connection may be mentioned those in which no tumour was found at the operation, but after death the tumour was found at the point of operation, sometimes even in the resulting lhernia cerebri.This failure may have been due to want of deep exploration of the cerebral substaince, but in other cases punctures and incisions were made into the brain but without disclosing the tumour which was present at the spot, Such cases are reported by Dinkler,7 Koster,8 and Schultze.9The reasons for this failure should be given by the surgeon.I ean only suggest that at present few individual operators are so sufficiently familiar with the aspect and feel of the healthy brain substance as to be always able to differentiate it for tumour growth, especially if this is a soft diffuse glioma.Sometimes a tumour is present on the side expected but not at the spot diagnosed.In the case of a woman at the Man- chester Workhouse Infirmary, there were marked and re- -curring right-sided epileptiform seizures spreading over the face, arm, and leg, together with other symptoms pointing to tumour of the facial area of the left motor cortex.I referred the case to my surgical colleague, Mr. Joseph Collier, for ,operation, and he agreed that it was a suitable case, at any rate, for exploratory trephining.Before arrangements could be made, however, the patient had several more fits in rapid succession and died.Post mortem a tumour was found in
FDA restricts use of erythropoiesis stimulating drugs
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The US Food and Drug Administration and a manufacturer of erythropoiesis stimulating agents have announced a new safety plan for use of these drugs in patients with cancer.

Studies found that when the drugs were used in patients with cancer they caused tumours to grow faster and led to earlier deaths in some patients ( Clinical Cancer Research 2008;14:3242, doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1872; CMAJ 2009;180:e62-71, doi:10.1503/cmaj.090470). In April 2008 the FDA required the manufacturer, Amgen, to establish a risk management programme for these drugs.

The FDA said that such a programme was needed to ensure that the drugs’ …
Sentinel node biopsy in melanoma is not a good prognostic marker for individual patients
Authors: J. L. Rees
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Torjesen deserves credit for her article on sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in melanoma,1 but it is sad that medicine needs a journalist to put its own house in order (excepting people like John Meirion Thomas). So much for evidence based medicine.

Other commentators have pointed out that the evidence that …