tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of acid-base variables on ion transport in rat colon.
Authors: D S Goldfarb, R W Egnor, A N Charney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Alterations in arterial acid-base variables have important effects on colonic electrolyte transport in vivo. To confirm the relative effects of these variables and to characterize the transport processes involved, we measured unidirectional 22Na and 36Cl fluxes across short-circuited, distal colonic mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats. Stripped tissues were studied in Hepes buffer and in Ringer's solutions at HCO3 concentrations of 11, 21, and 39 mM, and CO2 tensions between 0 and 69.6 mmHg. Increases in PCO2, but not in either pH or HCO3 concentration, caused similar increases in JNanet and JClnet (net flux of sodium and chloride, respectively) from -0.2 +/- 0.3 and -1.5 +/- 0.4 mu eq/cm2 per h at PCO2 = 0 to 6.8 +/- 0.6 and 7.6 +/- 0.7 mu eq/cm2 per h, respectively, at PCO2 = 69.6 mmHg. These increases were accounted for by changes in Jms and were accompanied by small decreases in Isc. 1 mM acetazolamide decreased both JNanet and JClnet and their responses to increases in CO2. 0.75 mM luminal amiloride prevented the increase in sodium absorption, but did not affect the CO2-induced increase in chloride absorption. In the presence of amiloride, CO2 increased JR (residual flux). 0.1 mM luminal furosemide did not affect the CO2-induced increases in JNanet in the absence or presence of amiloride. Changes in HCO3 concentration did not alter JR. We conclude that ambient CO2 effects active, electroneutral sodium absorption in the rat distal colon. The process stimulated by CO2 is dependent on mucosal carbonic anhydrase activity and most likely represents Na/H and Cl/HCO3 ion exchange.
An Immunocompetent Murine Model for Oncolysis with an Armed and Targeted Measles Virus
Authors: Guy Ungerechts, Christoph Springfeld, Marie E Frenzke, Johanna Lampe, William B Parker, Eric J Sorscher, Roberto Cattaneo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

An immunocompetent model is required to test therapeutic regimens for clinical trials with the oncolytic measles virus (MV). Toward developing this model, a retargeted MV that enters murine colon adenocarcinoma cells forming tumors in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice was generated. Since MV infection tends to be less efficient in murine than in human cells, the targeted virus was also armed with the prodrug convertase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and named MV-PNP-antiCEA. We have shown before that in cultured cells, infection with this virus activated the prodrug, 6-methylpurine-2'-deoxyriboside (MeP-dR), causing extensive cytotoxicity. When injected intratumorally (IT), MV-PNP-antiCEA inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth marginally, but subsequent administration of the prodrug enhanced the oncolytic effect. Systemic delivery of MV-PNP-antiCEA alone had no substantial oncolytic effects, but in combination with the prodrug it was therapeutic, revealing synergistic effects between virus and prodrug. Immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (CPA) retarded the appearance of MV neutralizing antibodies and enhanced oncolytic efficacy: survival was 100%, with 9 out of 10 animals going into complete remission. This immunocompetent murine model facilitates the testing of therapeutic regimens for clinical trials.
Medical hazards of a four-km fun run.
Authors: H Bethell, D Jewell, P Burke
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

An observational study was conducted of participants in a 4-km race with the object of identifying risk factors for a poor outcome. Sixteen individuals were identified who required medical assistance at the end of the race. Pulse and lying and standing blood pressure were measured and a brief history was taken. Compared with 92 controls, the subjects showed a greater orthostatic drop in systolic blood pressure and were more likely to have consumed alcohol in the preceding 24 h.
COMPARISON OF EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING AND PACLITAXEL-ELUTING CORONARY STENTS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MULTI-VESSEL STENTING: POOLED ANALYSIS FROM THE SPIRIT III AND SPIRIT IV RANDOMIZED TRIALS
Authors: Dean J. Kereiakes, Krishnankutty Sudhir, James B. Hermiller, Alexandra J. Lansky, Julie Doostzadeh, Wesley Pierson, Xiaolu Su, Paul C. Gordon, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Umbilical cord clamping in preterm infants
Authors: M J Whittle
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Umbilical cord clamping in preterm infantsEDITOR,-The possibility that late clamping of the umbilical cord may lead to a reduction in respiratory distress syndrome is not a particularly new finding, but S Kinmond and colleagues offer a more scientific approach in evaluating this phenomenon.'However, they give little information about the obstetric features of their cases, which might be quite important since matching is essential with such small numbersfor example, were the babies predominantly born during preterm labour or were they delivered electively for some obstetric complication?Also not clear is whether any of the mothers received steroids to accelerate fetal maturity before delivery.Although these matters may not be particularly important as far as the haematological features are concerned, they certainly are with respect to ventilation.I believe that more information on them would be helpful in the interpretation of the paper.
Predictions of Hospital Mortality Rates
Authors: Michael H. Kutner, J. Sunil Rao
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 November 1997Predictions of Hospital Mortality RatesMichael H. Kutner, PhD and J. Sunil Rao, PhDMichael H. Kutner, PhDThe Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this author and J. Sunil Rao, PhDThe Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Pine and colleagues [1] compared hospital mortality rates calculated by using administrative data alone; administrative plus laboratory data; and administrative, laboratory, and clinical data. The authors controlled for other risk factors and adjusted for disease severity. Although the statistical methods used are interesting, we have a few concerns about the validity and generalizability of the findings.All of the model building and validation (predictions) are done by using the same set of data. This can highly bias the predictions from the models (that is, making them overly optimistic) [2]. The reason is that the same data are ...References1. Pine M, Norusis M, Jones B, Rosenthal GE. Predictions of hospital mortality rates: a comparison of data sources. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:347-54. Google Scholar2. Breiman L. The little bootstrap and other methods for dimensionality selection in regression: X-fixed prediction error. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1992; 87:738-54. Google Scholar3. Little RJ, Rubin DB. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. New York: Wiley; 1987. Google Scholar4. Sukhatrne S, Beam CA. Stratification in nonparametric ROC studies. Biometrics. 1994; 50:149-63. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael H. Kutner, PhD; J. Sunil Rao, PhDAffiliations: The Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1997Volume 127, Issue 9Page: 846-847KeywordsClinical laboratoriesDeath ratesMedical risk factorsReceiver operating characteristic curveResearch laboratoriesStatistical methods ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Academic Group Practice
Authors: Robert B. Taylor, William L. Toffler, Eric M. Wall, John W. Saultz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article entitled "A Randomized Controlled Trial of Academic Group Practice," Goldberg and his colleagues<sup>1</sup>described the merits of a "group practice" in which ambulatory care is available five days weekly with decentralized registration, an identifiable support staff, more than one examining room per physician, 24-hour telephone answering service for group practice patients, and team discussions of patient care issues. This style of ambulatory care is actually not especially innovative, even in the academic setting, and has been the mode of practice in both university- and community-based family practice residency training programs since the early 1970s. The authors might wish to read the description of the family practice center in the "Special Requirements for Residency Training in Family Practice"<sup>2</sup>or visit the family practice centers found at most academic medical centers. Such investigation might prompt the authors to add such features as an on-site
Lung Endothelial Dysfunction in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Alexander Kerem, Jun Yin, Stephanie M. Kaestle, Julia Hoffmann, Axel M. Schoene, Baljit Singh, Hermann Kuppe, Mathias M. Borst, Wolfgang M. Kuebler
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Congestive heart failure (CHF) frequently results in remodeling and increased tone of pulmonary resistance vessels. This adaptive response, which aggravates pulmonary hypertension and thus, promotes right ventricular failure, has been attributed to lung endothelial dysfunction.We applied real-time fluorescence imaging to identify endothelial dysfunction and underlying molecular mechanisms in an experimental model of CHF induced by supracoronary aortic banding in rats.Endothelial dysfunction was evident in lungs of CHF rats as impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and lack of endothelial NO synthesis in response to mechanical stress, acetylcholine, or histamine. This effect was not attributable to downregulation of endothelial NO synthase. Imaging of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) revealed a singular impairment of endothelial [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis and signaling characterized by a lack of [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations and deficient or attenuated [Ca(2+)](i) responses to mechanical stress, histamine, acetylcholine, or thapsigargin. Reconstitution of a [Ca(2+)](i) signal by ionophore treatment restored endothelial NO production, but lack of endothelial responsiveness was not primarily attributable to downregulation of Ca(2+) influx channels in CHF. Rather, we identified a massive remodeling of the endothelial cytoskeleton in the form of an increased expression of beta-actin and F-actin formation which contributed critically to endothelial dysfunction in CHF because cytoskeletal disruption by cytochalasin D largely reconstituted endothelial [Ca(2+)](i) signaling and NO production.Our findings characterize a unique scenario of endothelial dysfunction in CHF that is caused by a singular impairment of [Ca(2+)](i) signaling, and identify cytoskeletal reorganization as a major regulator of endothelial signaling and function.
Enhanced Efficacy of an AAV Vector Encoding Chimeric, Highly Secreted Acid α-Glucosidase in Glycogen Storage Disease Type II
Authors: Baodong Sun, Haoyue Zhang, Daniel K. Benjamin, Talmage Brown, Andrew Bird, Sarah P. Young, Alison McVie-Wylie, Y.-T. Chen, Dwight D. Koeberl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Glycogen storage disease type II (GSD-II; Pompe disease; MIM 232300) is an inherited muscular dystrophy caused by deficiency in the activity of the lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA). We hypothesized that chimeric GAA containing an alternative signal peptide could increase the secretion of GAA from transduced cells and enhance the receptor-mediated uptake of GAA in striated muscle. The relative secretion of chimeric GAA from transfected 293 cells increased up to 26-fold. Receptor-mediated uptake of secreted, chimeric GAA corrected cultured GSD-II patient cells. High-level hGAA was sustained in the plasma of GSD-II mice for 24 weeks following administration of an AAV2/8 vector encoding chimeric GAA; furthermore, GAA activity was increased and glycogen content was significantly reduced in striated muscle and in the brain. Administration of only 1×1010 vector particles increased GAA activity in the heart and diaphragm for >18 weeks, whereas 3×1010 vector particles increased GAA activity and reduced glycogen content in the heart, diaphragm, and quadriceps. Furthermore, an AAV2/2 vector encoding chimeric GAA produced secreted hGAA for >12 weeks in the majority of treated GSD-II mice. Thus, chimeric, highly secreted GAA enhanced the efficacy of AAV vector-mediated gene therapy in GSD-II mice.
Novel treatment of Sézary-like syndrome due to adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma with daclizumab (humanized anti-interleukin-2 receptor <i>α</i> antibody)
Authors: G.E.N. Osborne, A. Pagliuca, A. Ho, A.W.P. Du Vivier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Novel treatment of Sézary‐like syndrome due to adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma with daclizumab (humanized anti‐interleukin‐2 receptor α antibody) Get access G.E.N. Osborne, G.E.N. Osborne Departments of Dermatology and Haematology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Pagliuca, A. Pagliuca Departments of Dermatology and Haematology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, U.K Antonio Pagliuca. E‐mail: antonio.pagliuca@kcl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Ho, A. Ho Departments of Dermatology and Haematology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.W.P. Du Vivier A.W.P. Du Vivier Departments of Dermatology and Haematology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 3, 1 September 2006, Pages 617–620, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07355.x Published: 01 September 2006 Article history Accepted: 10 January 2006 Published: 01 September 2006
Bronchial manifestation of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome)
Authors: R Thurnheer, U Stammberger, S Hailemariam, EW Russi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

We describe a 62 yr old female with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (AFND) or Sweet's syndrome, involving the bronchial mucosa. The patient presented with classical skin manifestations of AFND accompanied by bilateral pneumonia, pleural effusions and lesions of the oral mucosa. The diagnosis was confirmed by skin and mucosal biopsies. Bronchoscopy revealed raised pustules, similar to the lesions of the skin, suggesting bronchial involvement of AFND. The patient responded to systemic corticosteroids only for a short period and died as a result of multiorgan failure. Postmortem findings confirmed dense, focal neutrophilic infiltrates of the bronchi and bronchioles. No underlying disease was found.
Association between infections and signs and symptoms of ‘atopic’ hypersensitivity – results of a cross‐sectional survey among first‐year university students in Germany and Spain
Authors: W. Uter, C. Stock, A. Pfahlberg, F. Guillén‐Grima, I. Aguinaga‐Ontoso, C. Brun‐Sandiumenge, A. Krämer
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: This study assessed the hypothesis that a decreased exposure to childhood infectious diseases is associated with signs and symptoms of ‘atopic’ hypersensitivity diseases. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was performed among 1368 Spanish and German first‐year university students between 1997 and 1999, including self‐administered questionnaire data and serological tests. Results: No association between the disease outcomes and hepatitis A, Helicobacter pylori infection and herpes simplex infection was observed in logistic regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders (centre, sex, smoking, parental education). In contrast, vaccination against hepatitis B was associated with a decreased risk for the outcomes allergic rhinitis (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42–0.95) and total serum IgE above 100 U/ml (OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39–0.81). Conversely, seropositivity to HBc antigen was significantly associated with high total serum IgE (OR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.34–3.06). Conclusions: Our study partly confirmed and partly contradicted previous evidence and hypotheses, respectively, concerning the role of the infections considered. The observation of a decreased risk in persons vaccinated against hepatitis B warrants further, prospective investigation.
The Risk of Childhood Cancer after Neonatal Exposure to Vitamin K
Authors: Mark A. Klebanoff, Jennifer S. Read, James L. Mills, Patricia H. Shiono
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Two recent studies have found that infants who received intramuscular vitamin K were at twice the expected risk for cancer during childhood. Since nearly all newborns in the United States receive this drug, the public health implications of this association, if confirmed, would be substantial.
Satisfaction with clinical nurse specialists in a breast care clinic: questionnaire survey
Authors: L. Garvican, E. Grimsey, P. Littlejohns, S. Lowndes, N. Sacks
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Satisfaction with clinical nurse specialists in a breast care clinic: questionnaire survey Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Paediatric Care in General Practice: an Experiment in Collaboration
Authors: G. N. Marsh, A. B. Tompkins
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A project of joint consultation between a paediatrician and several general practitioners serving a group practice of 15,000 patients has shown that outpatient clinics held at a group-practice centre (when 36 children were seen at 78 consultations over 18 months) reduced the overall work-load, eliminated dual care, and directly benefited the doctors, the children, and their families.
Can early introduction of egg prevent egg allergy in infants? A population-based study
Authors: Jennifer J. Koplin, Nicholas J. Osborne, Melissa Wake, Pamela E. Martin, Lyle C. Gurrin, Marnie N. Robinson, Dean Tey, Marjolein Slaa, Leone Thiele, Lucy Miles, Deborah Anderson, Tina Tan, Thanh D. Dang, David J. Hill, Adrian J. Lowe, Melanie C. Matheson, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Mimi L.K. Tang, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Katrina J. Allen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Bedside D-dimer Assay and Alveolar Dead-Space Measurement for Rapid Exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Jeffrey A. Kline
Journal: JAMA (2001)

that the combination of a normal D-dimer assay result and a normal alveolar dead-space fraction could safely exclude the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in emergency department (ED) patients.In a study of 170 patients at 1 center, this test combination was 100% sensitive and 65% specific for the diagnosis of PE.The rationale for the combined use of the Ddimer assay and alveolar dead-space fraction hinges on the concept that an abnormal D-dimer measurement suggests the presence of intravascular thrombus, and an elevated alveolar dead-space measurement suggests the presence of pulmonary vascular obstruction.Alveolar dead-space volume occurs in areas of the lung that are ventilated but not perfused and that contain a very low partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ).Exhaled dead-space volume dilutes the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in exhaled breaths relative to the arterial partial pressure of CO 2 (PaCO 2 ).Therefore, the alveolar dead-space volume can be estimated by simultaneously measuring carbon dioxide in exhaled breaths and the PaCO 2 .The previous study used a lower sensitivity latex D-dimer assay 2,3 and used the end-tidal CO 2 (measured with standard capnometry) with PaCO 2 to estimate the alveolar dead-space fraction.In our study, from the multicenter Rapid Exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism (REPE) collaborative, we used a whole blood D-dimer assay (Simpli-RED, Agen Inc, Brisbane, Australia),
Acute Respiratory Failure Following HAART Introduction in Patients Treated for <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Pneumonia
Authors: MARIE WISLEZ, EMMANUEL BERGOT, MARTINE ANTOINE, ANTOINE PARROT, MARIE-FRANCE CARETTE, CHARLES MAYAUD, JACQUES CADRANEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Cases of paradoxical worsening of opportunistic infections shortly after the beginning of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) prompted questions on the optimal timing of introduction of HAART in patients with inaugural AIDS-related opportunistic infections. We describe three cases of acute respiratory failure after early introduction of HAART in patients treated for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The three patients had severe PCP that initially improved with anti-PCP and adjunctive steroid therapy. HAART was introduced 1 to 16 d after diagnosis of PCP, and steroids were stopped on Day 15. Seven to 17 d after HAART introduction, the three patients developed a second episode of severe acute respiratory failure with high-grade fever and patchy alveolar opacities on the chest roentgenogram. PCP resistant to cotrimoxazole, pulmonary superinfection, and drug-related pneumonitis were suspected but subsequently ruled out. Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung pathologic findings showed severe nonspecific pulmonary inflammatory foci surrounding a few persistent P. carinii cysts. All three patients recovered after HAART interruption or steroid reintroduction. We conclude that acute respiratory failure can recur after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in patients being treated for severe PCP. This phenomenon could result from rapid pulmonary recruitment of fully competent immune and inflammatory cells responding to a few persistent P. carinii cysts. A short course of steroid therapy may suppress this reaction.Keywords: parodoxical worsening; HAART; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Power of metabolomics in diagnosis and biomarker discovery of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xijun Wang, Aihua Zhang, Hui Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary hepatic malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Incidence remains highest in the developing world and is steadily increasing across the developed world. Current diagnostic modalities, of ultrasound and α-fetoprotein, are expensive and lack sensitivity in tumor detection. Because of its asymptomatic nature, HCC is usually diagnosed at late and advanced stages, for which there are no effective therapies. Thus, biomarkers for early detection and molecular targets for treating HCC are urgently needed. Emerging high-throughput metabolomics technologies have been widely applied, aiming at the discovery of candidate biomarkers for cancer staging, prediction of recurrence and prognosis, and treatment selection. Metabolic profiles, which are affected by many physiological and pathological processes, may provide further insight into the metabolic consequences of this severe liver disease. Small-molecule metabolites have an important role in biological systems and represent attractive candidates to understand HCC phenotypes. The power of metabolomics allows an unparalleled opportunity to query the molecular mechanisms of HCC. This technique-driven review aims to demystify the metabolomics pathway, while also illustrating the potential of this technique, with recent examples of its application in HCC.