tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral neuropathy in IgM monoclonal gammopathy and wäldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: A frequent complication in elderly males with low MAG‐reactive serum monoclonal component
Authors: Luca Baldini, Edoardo Nobile‐Orazio, Andrea Guffanti, Sergio Barbieri, Marinella Carpo, Lilla Cro, Bruno Cesana, Isabella Damilano, Anna T. Maiolo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a frequent complication during primary macroglobulinemia (PM), whose immunological genesis has been suggested by various authors. This study involved 65 PM patients (44 men and 21 women aged 35-78), diagnostically divided into MGUS (31 cases), and indolent (IWM, 24 cases) or symptomatic (WM, 10 cases) Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia groups. All patients underwent neurological examination, including electrodiagnostic evaluation and the determination of the serum titre of antimyelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). An evaluation was made of the prevalence of PN and its correlation with a series of hematological variables. The prevalence of PN was 31.6%: of those with PN, 73.1% manifested both clinical and electrophysiological signs of PN, primarily of the demyelinating type. Significant correlations emerged between the presence of PN and sex (M vs. F P = 0.0001), advanced age (P = 0.049), low MC levels (P = 0.025), high anti-MAG titres (P = 0.001) and high Hb levels (P = 0.001). No significant correlation with the diagnostic definition of PM was found, although the majority of cases with (particularly demyelinating) PN were MGUS or IWM. At multivariate analysis, the presence of PN significantly correlated with sex (P = 0.0001), age (P = 0.019), and anti-MAG titre (P = 0.001). Ten of the 26 PN cases showed no MAG reactivity. Significant correlations between PN and low serum MC levels/high MAG reactivity support the hypothesis of the antibody-mediated origin of many PN, and that the presence of PN depends on the characteristics of the proliferating pathological B clone, rather than on the tumor burden of the form of macroglobulinemia. Clinically, our data reconfirm the frequency of PN during PM and indicate simple clinicohematological variables useful for identifying patients at high neuropathic risk.
In vivo CD40-gp39 interactions are essential for thymus-dependent humoral immunity. II. Prolonged suppression of the humoral immune response by an antibody to the ligand for CD40, gp39.
Authors: T M Foy, D M Shepherd, F H Durie, A Aruffo, J A Ledbetter, R J Noelle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The ligand for CD40 has been recently identified as a 39-kd protein, gp39, expressed on the surface of activated CD4+ T helper cells (Th). In vitro, soluble CD40 and anti-gp39 have been shown to block the ability of Th to activate B cells, suggesting that gp39-CD40 interactions are important to T cell-dependent B cell activation. Here it is shown that in vivo administration of anti-gp39 dramatically reduced both primary and secondary humoral immune responses to erythrocytes and soluble protein antigens without altering responses to the T-independent type II antigen, trinitrophenyl-Ficoll. Treatment of mice for 4 d with anti-gp39 inhibited the anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) response for at least 3 wk and inhibited the expression of all immunoglobulin isotypes in secondary responses to the protein antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin. To examine the direct effect of anti-gp39 on Th function, SRBC-immune Th cells from anti-gp39-treated mice were adoptively transferred and shown to be fully capable of providing help. These results suggest that anti-gp39 treatment does not cause Th deletion or anergy. Anti-gp39 may mediate its profound immunosuppressive effects on humoral immunity by blocking gp39-CD40 interactions. Moreover, these studies establish gp39-CD40 as an important receptor-ligand pair for the targeting of therapeutic antibodies to control thymus-dependent humoral responses.
The Genetic Origins of Neoplasia
Authors: Arnold J. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The last 15 years have witnessed a conceptual breakthrough in our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of the origins of neoplasia in humans. This happened methodically, experiment by experiment, with no one observation yielding the entire picture. Over time, a large number of observations slowly came together, and, for that reason, we often do not give enough credit to the science, or the scientists, for this remarkable achievement. Mutations in three broad categories of genes have been shown to contribute to the origins and progression of neoplasia in humans: the oncogenes, the tumor suppressor genes, and the mutator genes. Almost 100 different oncogenes have been identified in animals and humans and shown to contain mutations in a wide variety of tumors. Most of these oncogenes were discovered with the use of retro viruses that insert adjacent to an oncogene and activate it or capture the oncogene in a
Diagnosis of Coronary In-Stent Restenosis With Multidetector Row Spiral Computed Tomography
Authors: Tamar Gaspar, David A. Halon, Basil S. Lewis, Salim Adawi, Jorge E. Schliamser, Ronen Rubinshtein, Moshe Y. Flugelman, Nathan Peled
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Disease Control as a Predictor of Survival with Gefitinib and Docetaxel in a Phase III Study (V-15-32) in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Yutaka Nishiwaki, Shunichi Negoro, Haiyi Jiang, Yohji Itoh, Nagahiro Saijo, Masahiro Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Frequency of predischarge ventricular arrhythmias in postmyocardial infarction patients depends on residual left ventricular pump performance and is independent of the occurrence of acute reperfusion
Authors: Paolo Marino, Giorgio Nidasio, Giorgio Golia, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, Eugenio Santoro, Luigi Santoro, Piero Zardini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Electrocardiographic Studies in the Rat in Physiological and Pathological States
Authors: D. K. C. Cooper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Journal Article Electrocardiographic Studies in the Rat in Physiological and Pathological States Get access D. K. C. Cooper D. K. C. Cooper * From the Department of Surgery, National Heart Hospital, London * British Heart Foundation Surgical Research Fellow, National Heart Hospital, London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 3, Issue 4, October 1969, Pages 419–425, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/3.4.419 Published: 01 October 1969 Article history Received: 18 April 1969 Published: 01 October 1969
Ergebnisse der medizinischen Strahlenforschung: Diagnostik, Therapie, Nuklearmedizin, Biologie
Authors: Luther W. Brady
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This volume, edited by Drs. Schinz, Glauner, and Rüttimann, reviews in a superb fashion the most recent work in diagnostic radiology, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, and radiation biology. It crystallizes the significant work of recent years in these fields, the procedures and techniques which should be routine in the departments of all teaching institutions. The print is easily read, the roentgenographic illustrations excellent, and the illustrations splendid (in black and white as well as color). Several sections are particularly noteworthy. Rösch's review of splenoportography is well conceived and executed, placing this study in its proper and useful niche in the diagnostic armamentarium. Olsson's section on renal artery angiography is an excellent review. Lindbom's review of inferior vena cava visualization describes the values and pitfalls of this study. Some investigators might not share the enthusiasm these authors have for the described studies, but the articles should be required reading. Zuppinger's section
Acute Rheumatic Peritonitis
Authors: W. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1887)

twenty-one days, one for twenty-four days, two for twenty-six days, and one, in a delicate child with a careless mother, was five weekl& I may add that I use pure boric acid, and do not dilute it with eoffee or anything else.It is so little irritating when used by itself that the youngest baby does not object to it, and it is certainly cleaner in appeanoo.The coffee only makes a dirty-looking discharge from the nostril, while the pure acid does not cause any discharge, unless ued in exce ACUTE RHEUMATIC PERITONITIS.
Long-term Treatment With Angiotensin I–Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Attenuates the Loss of Cardiac β-Adrenoceptor Responses in Rats With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Atsushi Sanbe, Satoshi Takeo
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Cardiac contractile force in response to beta-adrenoceptor agonists and beta-adrenergic receptor density are decreased in failing human hearts. The effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor on cardiac responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation in failing hearts are not established. The present study was undertaken to determine whether ACE inhibitor may improve cardiac beta-adrenergic responsiveness in animals with chronic heart failure (CHF).CHF was induced by left coronary artery ligation in rats. Cardiac output and stroke volume indices decreased 12 weeks after the operation. In sham-operated rats, dobutamine and isoprenaline increased cardiac output and stroke volume indices. In contrast, cardiac output and stroke volume responses to dobutamine and isoprenaline were severely blunted in the CHF rat. Cardiac beta 1-adrenergic receptor density was decreased while its dissociation constant (Kd) was not altered in the viable tissue of the left ventricle of the CHF rat, which is consistent with beta-adrenergic receptor downregulation. Cardiac norepinephrine content decreased in the CHF rats. Rats were treated orally with ACE inhibitors, 3 mg/kg trandolapril or 10 mg/kg enalapril once daily, or 5 mg/kg captopril twice daily from the 2nd to the 12th weeks after the operation. Treatment with ACE inhibitors attenuated the reduction in cardiac output and stroke volume indices and improved the inotropic response to dobutamine and isoprenaline and reversed partially the cardiac norepinephrine content in the CHF rat. ACE inhibitor treatment also attenuated the reduction in beta 1-adrenergic receptor density in the viable tissue of the left ventricle of the CHF rat.The results suggest that ACE inhibitor treatment attenuates the blunting of cardiac responses to beta-adrenergic agonists in the CHF rat and that one of the mechanisms underlying this effect is prevention of cardiac beta 1-adrenergic receptor downregulation.
COEXISTENCE OF CONGENITAL AMPUTATIONS AND SYNDACTYLISM
Authors: H. A. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1924)

L. M., a man, aged 22, first came under my observation in 1916 when he was a boy of 14. At that time his mother had just given birth to twins. There were several children in the family, all the others being normal. At that time nothing had ever been done to the hands, which were as shown in Figure 1. Function was good; the thumbs were normal. Pitted amputation scars were visible. Where there was syndactylism, it was complete, not mere webbing. The amputations were symmetrical, consisting of the two terminal phalanges of each finger. In August, 1916, a plastic operation was attempted. The amount of separation of the digits was increased noticeably (Fig. 2), and the patient has good use of them, even playing ball. It is interesting to note that I had a research bureau compile a bibliography of the coexistence of these conditions, and no American
Abstract 2611: The developmental patterning gene <i>HOXA9</i> promotes ovarian cancer growth via paracrine effects on mesenchymal stem cells and peritoneal fibroblasts.
Authors: Song Yi Ko, Nicolas Barengo, Andras Ladanyi, Ju-Seog Lee, Frank Marini, Ernst Lengyel, Honami Naora
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract As is the case in normal organogenesis, it is increasingly recognized that tumor growth is regulated by cross-talk between epithelial and stromal cells. Whereas the ability of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to stimulate tumor cell growth has been extensively studied, it is not clear whether CAFs are reciprocally controlled by developmental programs that are activated in tumor cells. Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) frequently colonize peritoneal surfaces that overlie connective and adipose tissues. We found that expression of HOXA9, a homeobox gene that is normally expressed in the developing female reproductive tract, is strongly associated with poor outcomes in EOC patients and in mouse xenograft models of EOC. Whereas HOXA9 promoted EOC growth in vivo, HOXA9 did not stimulate autonomous tumor cell growth in vitro. Expression of HOXA9 in EOC cells induced normal peritoneal fibroblasts and adipose mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to express CAF markers and to stimulate growth of EOC and endothelial cells. These effects of HOXA9 were due in substantial part to its transcriptional activation of the gene encoding TGF-β2 that acted in a paracrine manner on peritoneal fibroblasts and adipose MSCs to induce CXCL12, IL-6 and VEGF-A expression. These results indicate that HOXA9 expression in EOC cells promotes a microenvironment that is permissive for tumor growth. Citation Format: Song Yi Ko, Nicolas Barengo, Andras Ladanyi, Ju-Seog Lee, Frank Marini, Ernst Lengyel, Honami Naora. The developmental patterning gene HOXA9 promotes ovarian cancer growth via paracrine effects on mesenchymal stem cells and peritoneal fibroblasts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2611. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2611
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Outside of a Bar and a Restaurant and Tobacco Exposure Biomarkers in Nonsmokers
Authors: Gideon St.Helen, J. Thomas Bernert, Daniel B. Hall, Connie S. Sosnoff, Yang Xia, John R. Balmes, John E. Vena, Jia-Sheng Wang, Nina T. Holland, Luke P. Naeher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

With an increase in indoor smoking bans, many smokers smoke outside establishments and near their entrances, which has become a public health concern.We characterized the exposure of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke (SHS) outside a restaurant and bar in Athens, Georgia, where indoor smoking is banned, using salivary cotinine and urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL).In a crossover study, we assigned 28 participants to outdoor patios of a restaurant and a bar and an open-air site with no smokers on three weekend days; participants visited each site once and stayed for 3 hr. We collected saliva and urine samples immediately before and after the visits (postexposure) and on the following morning and analyzed samples for cotinine and total NNAL, respectively. Regression models were fitted and changes in biomarkers were contrasted between locations.Postexposure and preexposure geometric mean salivary cotinine concentrations differed by 0.115 ng/mL [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.105, 0.126)] and by 0.030 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.028, 0.031) for bar and restaurant visits, respectively. There were no significant post- and preexposure differences in cotinine levels after control site visits, and changes after bar and restaurant site visits were significantly different from changes after control site visits (p < 0.001). Results comparing next-day and preexposure salivary cotinine levels were similar. Next-day creatinine-corrected urinary NNAL concentrations also were higher than preexposure levels following bar and restaurant visits [1.858 pg/mg creatinine higher (95% CI: 0.897, 3.758) and 0.615 pg/mg creatinine higher (95% CI: 0.210, 1.761), respectively], and were significantly different from changes after the control visits (p = 0.005).Salivary cotinine and urinary NNAL increased significantly in nonsmokers after outdoor SHS exposure. Our findings indicate that such exposures may increase risks of health effects associated with tobacco carcinogens.
Effect of Selective or Combined Inhibition of Integrins α <sub>IIb</sub> β <sub>3</sub> and α <sub>v</sub> β <sub>3</sub> on Thrombosis and Neointima After Oversized Porcine Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Timothy J. A. Chico, Janet Chamberlain, Julian Gunn, Nadine Arnold, Sherron L. Bullens, Thomas R. Gadek, Sheila E. Francis, Stuart Bunting, Michael Horton, Lynda Shepherd, Michael T. Lipari, Clifford Quan, Jochen Knolle, Hans Ulrich Stilz, Anusch Peyman, David C. Crossman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Thrombosis and neointima formation limit the efficacy of coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Clinical trials have implicated the adhesion molecules integrin α IIb β 3 and integrin α v β 3 in these processes. The roles of these molecules in vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion, platelet aggregation, and the thrombotic and neointimal response to oversize porcine PTCA was investigated by use of a selective α IIb β 3 antagonist (lamifiban), a selective α v β 3 antagonist (VO514), and a combined α IIb β 3 /α v β 3 antagonist (G3580). Methods and Results —In vitro, both α v β 3 inhibitors caused dose-dependent inhibition of porcine vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion to vitronectin but not to collagen type IV, fibronectin, or laminin, whereas selective α IIb β 3 inhibition had no effect. Intravenous infusions of either α IIb β 3 inhibitor in swine profoundly inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP, whereas selective α v β 3 inhibition had no effect. In a porcine PTCA model, intravenous infusions of the integrin antagonists were administered for 14 days after oversized balloon angioplasty injury. After PTCA, there was regional upregulation of integrin α v β 3 in the developing neointima, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Six hours after PTCA, obstruction of lumen by thrombus was reduced significantly by α IIb β 3 inhibition compared with either control or α v β 3 inhibition (mean control, 18.7%; VO514, 18.5%; lamifiban, 6.4%; G3580, 7.9%). Twenty-eight days after PTCA, there was a significant reduction of neointima with inhibitors of either integrin (mean intima/media ratio: control, 3.08; VO514, 1.33; lamifiban, 0.97; G3580, 1.32). Conclusions —We conclude that both integrin α IIb β 3 and integrin α v β 3 participate in neointima development after experimental angioplasty.
The modifying effect of autologous serum on leukocyte migration inhibition by liver antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: P. HUGHES, SHIRLEY HOLT, N.R. ROWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

The leukocyte migration test was used to examine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for evidence of cell-mediated immunity to human liver microsomes and mitochondria. Testing of both these antigens with leukocytes from patients was carried out simultaneously in culture medium enriched by either 20% fetal bovine serum (the standard test) or substituted 20% autologous serum. Normal controls showed little or no reactivity in the standard test whereas the SLE group revealed a high incidence of significant leukocyte migration inhibition to both antigens which, however, was considerably reduced by the substitution of autologous serum. The results suggest that the sera of patients with SLE contain factor(s) capable of blocking the in vitro expression of cell-mediated immunity to human tissue antigens. These factor(s), if active in vivo, might have a role in controlling some of the auto-immune manfestations of the disease.
Targeting steroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Y Mizushima, K Kaneko, K Hoshi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

arises particularly from the fact2 that the circulating level of PTH, which should be defined as the biologically active hormone and not by an immunological response to unidentified antigenic fragments of FPTH or to other molecules which may be unrelated to PTH, cannot be above about 20 pg/ml.Yet even the best generally current radioimmunoassay of PTH cannot measure less than about 150 pg/ml, so that normal levels of 70-450 pg/ml (based on the 1-34 PTH and therefore equivalent to about 140-900 pg/ml of the intact hormone) in an assay based on the biologically active N-terminal region of the molecule,3 are not instructive of the true circulating levels of this hormone.Thus while we were aware of many radioimmunoassays of PTH in these diseases, and of the unwarranted conclusions derived from such studies, we were unwilling to quote more than a few selected examples.We certainly did not wish to give offence by discussing work, such as that by Pawlotsky and colleagues, in which an antibody directed to the C-terminus was used (which detects biologically inactive fragments which have an inordinately long half-time in the circulation4) and in which normal circulating levels are recorded in nanograms per millilitre, namely about 500 times more 'PTH' than can actually be circulating.It is on this basis that we made the statement, to which Pawlotsky and colleagues take exception, that our study 'has shown a wide disparity between the circulating levels of biologically active parathyroid hormone and the levels of immuno- reactive hormone previously reported by others'.We con-.sider a 500-fold difference to represent 'a wide disparity'.
P27 QUIPP Achievement Associated with the Creation of an Accurate Home Oxygen Register and Removal of Inappropriate Short Burst Oxygen Therapy
Authors: R Fielding, C Gelder, J Shakespeare
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Department of Health have identified that the provision of home oxygen is an area where there are significant potentials for both quality improvements and efficiency savings. As part of a programme of work which has included renegotiation of the SHA’s home oxygen supply contract, each PCT in the West Midlands has been encouraged to set up a Home Oxygen Assessment and Review service and supported to establish an accurate home oxygen register. Here we report the benefits to one PCT of establishing an accurate home oxygen register and removal of inappropriate short burst oxygen therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> A home oxygen register was created by importing billing information into Open Exeter and uploading a list of deducted patients which were checked manually. Patients on short burst oxygen therapy were contacted and clinical need evaluated. Where appropriate these patients were reviewed by the HOS-AR team. The project commenced in July 2011 and was funded by a profit sharing agreement between the local PCT and acute Trust. <h3>Results</h3> In 2010/11 Coventry Primary Care Trust (population ∼350,000) spent approximately £730,000 on home oxygen therapy (excluding VAT). In July 2011 there were 966 people on the home oxygen register. Removing duplicate entries (67), deceased patients (21) and individuals who had moved to another area (16) reduced the register by 104 with an associated saving of £69588 over a nine month period. Removal of inappropriate short burst oxygen resulted in a monthly saving of approximately £4,000. Thus an annualised total saving of approximately £150,000 was achieved which equates to 20% of original spend. <h3>Discussion</h3> This demonstrates that significant savings can be achieved rapidly simply by the creation of an accurate home oxygen register and removal of inappropriate short burst oxygen.