tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Looking Back, Looking Ahead
Authors: Inder M. Verma
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

With this issue Molecular Therapy celebrates the beginning of its third year of publication. We have published approximately 250 peer-reviewed articles in the past two years, which cover the gamut of tools for gene transfer, vectors, a wide range of diseases, new techniques, stem cell biology, and clinical trials. We have tried to fulfill the mission of the journal to publish only the highest-quality science. Anniversaries offer the opportunity to reflect on the past and prepare for the future. We can take some satisfaction that the past two years have seen the successful launch of the journal, regular monthly publication, a constantly increasing number of submitted manuscripts and presubmission inquiries (over 600 this year), high-quality production, rapid turnaround (averaging 30 days and dropping), and, above all, the publication of scientifically meritorious papers. We have encouraged commentaries on manuscripts of high significance and commissioned review articles. We have also initiated a series on the history of gene therapy. On occasion, we have even incurred the wrath of aggrieved parties and angry authors. But above all, we have always tried to be fair while maintaining the highest standards of scientific publishing. As we enter our third year, we are pursuing an ambitious new agenda. We plan to add more to the front end of the journal by providing brief summaries of relevant articles published elsewhere, commissioned articles on topical subjects, invited “mini-reviews” highlighting specific topics, invited reviews by experts in the field, more active dialogue through Letters to the Editor, and “special” issues on important areas of research such as stem cells, cloning, tissue engineering, immunotherapy, and so forth. Gene therapy has made tremendous strides in the past two years. We have children leading normal lives following introduction of genes to correct their genetic defect. There are cancer patients with extended lifespans thanks to gene therapy. Several clinical protocols for a variety of genetic diseases are being contemplated after successful preclinical studies. Safe and improved gene delivery vectors have been introduced in the past year that further enrich the gene therapy armament. Gene delivery vectors are finding use in biological systems to dissect complex signal transduction pathways and transgenesis, and to identify new genes. We particularly want to expand the horizon of Molecular Therapy by encouraging submission of more papers in the area of stem cell biology. We believe that the use of stem cells for gene therapy or tissue repair is going to be one of the most fascinating areas of biology. We will actively solicit articles in regenerative medicine. Modern biology has fundamentally changed with the identification and sequence of all human and, very soon, mouse genes. Molecular Therapy plans to remain at the forefront of molecular medicine. We wish all Molecular Therapy readers and authors a very happy 2002, and we look forward to your continuous help, support, participation, and good will.
PSRO: The Promise, Perspective, and Potential
Authors: William F. Jessee
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs), regardless of their tenuous current or future status, are unique experiments in partnership between physicians and the federal government. Federal financing of groups of professionals to permit them to conduct programs on self-regulation of hospital utilization and quality of hospital services is an unparalleled concept. Although the PSRO concept and the evolution of the program offer rich opportunities to explore the dynamics of a governmental partnership with practicing physicians, this book is of value primarily for its historical perspective on the range of PSRO activities during the late 1970s.  Bussman and Davidson have managed to gather an extremely knowledgeable group of contributors, each of whom is able to describe in detail aspects of the history of the PSRO program, the function of the PSROs, and the potential future for expansion of the PSRO concept. Unfortunately, however, the book was badly outdated from the moment
Bronchoalveolar mast cells in extrinsic asthma: A mechanism for the initiation of antigen-specific bronchoconstrictionFlint K, Leung K, Hudspith B, Brostoff J, Pearce F, Johnson N: Br Med J 291:923, 1985
Authors: None AJC
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1986)
Cholesterol Derivative of a New Triantennary Cluster Galactoside Lowers Serum Cholesterol Levels and Enhances Secretion of Bile Acids in the Rat
Authors: Erik A.L. Biessen, Helene Vietsch, Theo J.C. Van Berkel
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Previous studies have demonstrated that cholesterol-derivatized galactosides exert a hypocholesterolemic effect by inducing hepatic uptake of atherogenic lipoproteins by means of galactose-recognizing receptors in the liver. However, a prolonged infusion of high concentrations of these compounds was required for this effect, possibly because of low affinity for the galactose-recognizing asialoglycoprotein receptor on the parenchymal liver cell. Methods and Results We have designed a new series of triantennary galactosides to optimize the affinity and specificity for this receptor. The affinity of a triantennary galactoside for the asialoglycoprotein receptor appeared to be dramatically enhanced by proper spacing of the three terminal galactose groups. In rats, a single injection of N -[tris- O -(3,6,9-trioxaundecanyl-β- d -galactopyranosyl)methoxymethyl]methyl- N α -[1-(6-(5-cholesten-3β-yloxy)glycyl)adipyl]glycinamide [TG(20Å)C], the cholesterol derivative of the most selective galactoside, causes a dose-dependent decrease of ≤45% in the serum cholesterol concentration ( P &lt;.001). This decrease is mainly attributed to a decrease in the level of serum HDL ( P =.0066) and, to a lesser extent, serum LDL ( P =.036). In addition, TG(20Å)C strongly enhances the bile-acid secretion in rats during the first 2 hours after administration, which indicates that TG(20Å)C-induced clearance of cholesterol from the bloodstream is efficiently coupled to hepatic bile-acid secretion. Conclusions We conclude that TG(20Å)C efficiently directs lipoproteins that contain cholesterol to the liver at a 30-fold-lower concentration than previously developed cholesterol-derivatized cluster galactosides. This newly developed approach to lower cholesterol levels may prove valuable for familial hypercholesterolemic patients or those with familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 who do not respond or who respond insufficiently, respectively, to conventional therapies.
Randomised controlled trial of teaching general practitioners to carry out structured assessments of their long term mentally ill patients
Authors: T. Kendrick, T. Burns, P. Freeling
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the impact of teaching general practitioners to carry out structured assessments of their long term mentally ill patients. <b>Design</b>: Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b>: Sixteen group general practices in South Thames (west) region. <b>Subjects</b>: 440 adults disabled by long term mental illness. <b>Interventions</b>: Patients were identified by using practice data with help from local psychiatric and social services. In eight practices the practitioners were taught a structured assessment schedule to use with patients every six months for two years. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Changes in drug treatments, referrals, consultation rates, and recording of preventive health data in the two years after intervention. <b>Results</b>: Follow up data were available on 373 patients (84.7%). At least one structured assessment was recorded for 127 patients in the intervention group but only 29 had four assessments recorded. Participating practitioners considered the structured assessment to be time consuming and reported that it did not often lead directly to changes in treatment or referrals. Changes in treatment with neuroleptic drugs and referrals to community psychiatric nurses, however, were significantly more frequent in the intervention group (differences for intervention group minus control group adjusted for activity in two years before intervention were 14.3% (95% confidence interval 4.3% to 24.33%; P&lt;0.01) for neuroleptic drugs and 13.3% (2.0% to 24.6%;P&lt;0.05) for referrals). There were no significant differences in psychiatric admissions, use of the Mental Health Act, drug overdoses, prescriptions, referrals or admissions for physical problems, consultation rates, continuity of care, or recording of preventive data. <b>Conclusions</b>: Teaching general practitioners about the problems of long term mentally ill patients may increase their involvement in patients9 psychiatric care. Regular structured assessments do not seem feasible in routine surgery appointments. More training for general practitioners and increased resources such as more nurse time may be necessary if improvements in care of long term mentally ill patients in general practice are to be generalised.
Commercial source of drug information: comparison between the United Kingdom and India
Authors: R K Dikshit, N Dikshit
Journal: BMJ (1994)

offer hepatitis B vaccine to (a) all non-immune recipients (24) or (b) staff in certain occupational groups only (six) or only if the donor was hepatitis B positive (two).Twenty nine out of 32 respondents would seek advice about zidovudine if a donor was known to be HIV positive.None of the hospitals' policies outlined procedures for dealing with a risk of transmission ofhepatitis C virus.
Is there a time factor in renal allograft rejection?
Authors: Martin S Knapp, R Pownall
Journal: BMJ (1979)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Days since transplantation Serum creatinine concentration by time.figure are transformed back into the original units serum creatinine concentrations change smoothly with time.A quadratic curve fits the data reasonably well, although a more appropriate model might be to fit separate exponential curves to the periods of improvement and deterioration.It is hard to see why they have chosen to use the artificial method of taking reciprocals rather than study the raw data.The authors rightly say that "a time when renal allograft rejection occurs can be determined only if there is a sudden event rather than slow changes from a non-rejecting to a rejecting state."I cannot accept that they have established this.Lastly, their approach assumes that onset of rejection results in an immediate rise in serum creatinine.Is this really so ?
Abstract 284: Down-regulated Kruppel-like factor 4 induces the migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatoma cells.
Authors: Ming-Ta Sung, Hsin-Chen Lee, Cheng-Yuan Hsia, Chin-Wen Chi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The transcriptional factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) plays important roles in development, stemness, and tumorigenesis. Several studies have suggested that KLF4 is important in various tumors; however limited information is available on the detailed function of KLF4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to examine the functional roles of KLF4 in metastasis of hepatoma cells. In order to investigate the role of KLF4 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, we used lentiviral transduction method to down-regulate KLF4 expression in Hep3B and HA22T/VGH hepatoma cell lines. The effects of KLF4 on cell migration, invasion and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins were evaluated in KLF4-knockdown hepatoma cells. Transwell migration assay and matrigel invasion assay revealed the migration and invasion abilities were significantly increased in KLF4-knockdown Hep3B or HA22T/VGH cells. Knockdown KLF4 in hepatoma cells resulted in decreased mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin, and a concomitant increase of vimentin, MMP2 and MMP9. These results corresponded well with our finding that overexpression of KLF4 in Mahlavu hepatoma cells led to significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion through up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating vimentin, MMP2 and MMP9. Snail and Bmi1, repressors of E-cadherin gene expression, were also markedly decreased in KLF4-overexpressing Mahlavu cells. Therefore, these results together suggested that KLF4 is tightly involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in the tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Citation Format: Ming-Ta Sung, Hsin-Chen Lee, Cheng-Yuan Hsia, Chin-Wen Chi. Down-regulated Kruppel-like factor 4 induces the migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 284. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-284
AMPUTATION AT THE HIP-JOINT, BY WYETH'S BLOODLESS METHOD.Read before the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association, at New Orleans, La., Nov. 14, 1893.
Authors: F. W. PARHAM
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Dr. John A. Wyeth read a paper on a "Bloodless Method of Amputation at the Hip-joint," at the meeting of the American Medical Association in 1890. He had previously reported two cases successfully operated on by the method, to the Section of Surgery of the New York Academy of Medicine. He again described his method at the Pan American Medical Congress in Washington. These cases were sarcomatous tumors of the thigh. In addition to these two successful cases, he gives also in detail in the paper referred to, two cases operated on successfully by McBurney and Fluhrer, the first being an infiltrating sarcoma of thigh, the second an osteo sarcoma. As to bleeding in these four cases Wyeth reported that in his own two cases there was "<i>no bleeding at all</i>;" in Fluhrer's not more than four ounces of blood was lost during the whole operation, while in McBurney's perhaps
Solenopsin, the alkaloidal component of the fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), is a naturally occurring inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling and angiogenesis
Authors: Jack L. Arbiser, Tweeny Kau, Martha Konar, Krishna Narra, Ramani Ramchandran, Scott A. Summers, Chris J. Vlahos, Keqiang Ye, Betsy N. Perry, William Matter, Anthony Fischl, James Cook, Pamela A. Silver, Jenny Bain, Philip Cohen, David Whitmire, Scott Furness, Baskaran Govindarajan, J. Phillip Bowen
Journal: Blood (2006)
Therapeutic Ultrasound in the Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: D. Jackson Coleman, Frederic L. Lizzi, Jack Driller, Angel L. Rosado, S.E.P. Burgess, Joan H. Torpey, Mary E. Smith, Ronald H. Silverman, Michael E. Yablonski, Stanley Chang, Mark J. Rondeau
Journal: Ophthalmology (1985)
Acute Lymphocytic Meningitis
Authors: W. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1937)

MTHE.BJOUSH 1063to many different environmental situations and bodily states, whether emotional, physical, or a mixture of the two; and to assume that in no two cases is it due to an identical combination of factors.At all events it is quite possible to persuade most of the children to change the habit by simple encouragement or by other suggestive means; nor is the task very laborious.Summary 1.A series of seventy cases of enuresis in mentally normal children is described, with the procedure by which they were treated.2. The results of treatment are analysed and show at least 60 per cent. of cures maintained over a length of time by the one method, and additional cures by other methods to suit the individual case.3. Theories of aetiology and different methods of treatment are briefly discussed.4. Most of the cases may be cured by simple procedures based on encouragement or suggestion.My thanks are due to Dr. H. C. Cameron, in charge of the children's department, Guy's Hospital, and to Dr. J. E. Roberts, school medical
Single-Operator Duodenoscope-Assisted Cholangioscopy Is an Effective Alternative in the Management of Choledocholithiasis Not Removed by Conventional Methods, Including Mechanical Lithotripsy
Authors: J. J. Farrell, B. C. Bounds, S. Al-Shalabi, B. C. Jacobson, W. R. Brugge, R. H. Schapiro, P. B. Kelsey
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: The widespread use of cholangioscopy in the management of difficult choledocholithiasis has been limited by the need for two expert operators. This report describes the use of a technique of single-operator duodenoscope-assisted cholangioscopy (SODAC) in the successful management of 75 patients with choledocholithiasis. Patients and Methods: The single-operator technique, allowing simultaneous control of both the duodenoscope and cholangioscope, was prospectively studied between June 1999 and June 2001 in the diagnosis and treatment of choledocholithiasis. Results: A total of 109 SODAC procedures were conducted in 75 patients to manage choledocholithiasis. The indications were: firstly, SODAC-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) of stones in which conventional methods, including mechanical lithotripsy, had not been successful (52 SODAC procedures in 26 patients); and secondly, direct visualization of the biliary tree after cholangiography to assess the presence of stones (57 SODAC procedures in 49 patients). The locations and numbers of the stones, but not their size, were predictive of the number of SODAC-guided lithotripsy sessions required. All of the patients were free of stones at the end of the study period, and no complications were recorded. Conclusions: Single-operator SODAC-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy was effective in the treatment of difficult cases of choledocholithiasis in which conventional methods had previously failed. The technique may allow increased use of cholangioscopy in the management of choledocholithiasis.
Clinical Pharmacology of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
Authors: Frank J. Ayd
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Numerous books on the psychoactive drugs have been published in the last 30 years. One of the most authoritative and pragmatic of these is the product of the genius of Leo E. Hollister, world renowned for his expertise in psychopharmacology and psychopharmacotherapy and for his capacity to share his knowledge in lectures and in publications. The success of the first two editions of this book attests to this. New developments in psychiatry and drug treatment of mental disorders have continued at a rapid pace, making a third edition of this readable and very useful book mandatory. This third edition differs in several ways from previous ones. It has a coauthor, John G. Csernansky, also gifted with clinical and research skills that, coupled with the wisdom of Dr Hollister, have added to the value of this concise, lucid, and up-to-date coverage of essential information on antianxiety drugs, hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and
Anti–Interleukin-5 Monoclonal Antibody to Treat Severe Eosinophilic Asthma
Authors: Parameswaran Nair
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Despite the availability of treatments such as glucocorticoids, leukotriene antagonists, long-acting bronchodilators, and a monoclonal antibody directed against IgE, a substantial proportion of patients with asthma continue to have uncontrolled disease.1 Exacerbations requiring hospitalization and ongoing treatment with a regular maintenance dose of systemic glucocorticoids cause substantial morbidity and impair the quality of life of these patients.Recognition of the components of the airway disease that contribute to the severity (airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation and airflow limitation) and the underlying mechanisms of those abnormalities is a logical starting point on the path toward the development of strategies to target and . . .
Tacrine for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Daniel Temianka
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —That the principal investigators in the two recent studies<sup>1,2</sup>of tacrine are employees of and hold stock options in Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division of Warner-Lambert Co represents a glaring and hopeless conflict of interest. I believe that this accounts for the overall favorable tone of the articles' conclusions, despite the overwhelming evidence that tacrine is a grossly hepatotoxic drug with unpleasant side effects. I am grateful that<i>JAMA</i>'s editorial policy requires disclosure of such financial interests, but it is disturbing that the accompanying Editorial ignored them. I believe that these articles should not have been printed in a peer-reviewed journal.
The lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor in normal subjects and patients with bronchial asthma: the effect of different forms of treatment on receptor function.
Authors: M E Conolly, J K Greenacre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

beta-Adrenoceptor function has been compared in lymphocytes of normal subjects, asthmatic patients taking large doses of beta-adrenergic bronchodilators, and comparable asthmatics treated exclusively with nonadrenergic medication. The effect of prolonged administration of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on receptor function in normal subjects has also been examined. beta-receptor response in each situation was quantitated by changes in levels of cyclic AMP, measured by a protein-binding assay. Dose response curves to isoproterenol (10 nM-0.1 mM) have been constructed for each group. Maximal increase in cyclic AMP in lymphocytes from normal subjects (393.2+/-44.0%) and in asthmatics on nonadrenergic preparations (408.3+/-46.7%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than in asthmatics taking large doses of beta-sympathomimetics (67.5+/-24.2%). Depression of the cyclic AMP response appeared to correlate with the degree of exposure to beta-adrenergic agonists but not with the prevailing severity of the patient's asthma. Withdrawal of beta-adrenergic drugs was followed by a reversion of the cyclic AMP response to normal values, which suggests that the depression was drug-induced rather than an inherent feature of the disease. This interpretation was confirmed by the finding that prolonged exposure of normal subjects to high doses of a beta-adrenergic agonist caused a marked and significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in the cyclic AMP response, very similar to that seen in asthmatics on large doses of adrenergic bronchodilators. A possible link between drug-induced changes in the cyclic AMP response and the rise in the United Kingdom asthma death rate in the 1960's is discussed.