tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY AFTER CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING: AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE 2002–2010
Authors: Marjan Ul Mujib, Sahil Khera, Dhaval Kolte, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Jalaj Garg, Wilbert S. Aronow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Bacterial Contamination of Skin Used as a Biological Dressing
Authors: William W. Monafo
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Bacterially contaminated skin used as a biological dressing on burn wounds can cause serious or even lethal infections, three examples of which are cited. Cadaver-skin allografts were frequently found to contain pathogenic bacteria. The frequency of infections due to the use of contaminated skin grafts on open wounds is unknown. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1248-1249, 1976)
A RAPID TECHNIC FOR PREPARING HISTOLOGIC SECTIONS BY THE PARAFFIN METHOD
Authors: V. D. Keiser
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The paraffin method of preparing tissues for histologic study has been, as a rule, the method of choice of most histologists. But in the clinical laboratory, where the element of time is important, the pathologist has often discarded the paraffin method for other methods that are more rapid. The modification here described preserves the advantages of the paraffin methods as to quality of sections, and the like, and yet lends itself well to the needs of the clinical pathologist. This method depends primarily on a hastening of the dehydration process by using hot acetone as the dehydrating agent. This is accomplished in this laboratory by placing the fixed tissue in a specimen bottle of thick glass of about 30 c.c. capacity. The bottle is tightly corked and the cork clamped in place after the addition of about 25 c.c. of acetone. The bottle so prepared is then put in the
Sensitisation of gastrointestinal tract afferents
Authors: S B McMahon
Journal: Gut (2004)

Sensory innervation of the viscera serves a number of important functions, including regulation of visceral motility and secretory activity, and transmission of visceral sensations, including pain. There are many ways in which the sensitivity of visceral sensory neurones might be modulated, and these are discussed. Altered sensory neurone responsiveness may contribute to pathophysiological states such as irritable bowel syndrome, and the mechanisms leading to sensory neurone sensitisation offer novel targets for the treatment of such disorders.
Complete avulsion of the hamstring tendons from the ischial tuberosity. A report of two cases sustained in judo.
Authors: H Kurosawa, K Nakasita, H Nakasita, S Sasaki, S Takeda
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

Rupture of the hamstring tendon is a rare injury. Two cases of complete rupture of the hamstring tendons sustained while playing judo are reported. The diagnosis of a rupture of the hamstring tendons was difficult from physical examination because of severe pain on knee or hip joint movement. Magnetic resonance imaging was non-invasive and showed the lesion clearly. In one of these two cases the less satisfactory results of non-operative treatment were clearly shown in both isokinetic muscle force evaluation and sports activities.
Health Promotion in the City: A Review of Current Practice and Future Prospects in the United States
Authors: N. Freudenberg
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2000)

▪ Abstract To achieve its health goals, the United States must reduce the disproportionate burden of illness and poor health borne by urban populations. In the 20th century, patterns of immigration and migration, changes in the global economy, increases in income inequality, and more federal support for suburbanization have made it increasingly difficult for cities to protect the health of all residents. In the last 25 years, epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus infections and substance abuse and increases in homelessness, lack of health insurance, rates of violence, and concentrations of certain pollutants have also damaged the health of urban residents. Several common strategies for health promotion are described, and their relevance to the unique characteristics of urban populations is assessed. To identify ways to strengthen health promotion practices in U.S. cities, lessons have been taken from five related fields of endeavor: human rights, church- and faith-based social action, community economic development, youth development, and the new social movements. By integrating lessons from these areas into their practice, public health professionals can help to revitalize the historic mission of public health, contribute to creating healthier cities, and better achieve national health objectives.
URETERAL TRANSPLANTATION IN BLADDER CARCINOMA
Authors: ARTHUR L. CHUTE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The transplantation of the ureters into the intestine, the sigmoid by preference, is only a part, usually a preliminary part, of what seems to me probably the most rational procedure that we possess at present for the cure of certain cases and perhaps even types of cancer of the bladder. While it is the preliminary part in most cases, one need not assume from this that it is the easy part. As my interest in the transplantation of ureters is wholly in its relation to the broader subject of treatment of cancer of the bladder, I trust I may be pardoned if at times I overstep the strict limits of my title. At the outset I wish to make clear, perhaps as an excuse for my persistence even with the discouraging results that I shall report, why it seems to me that we must adopt more radical measures; measures that
ETHICS AND THE DENTAL PROFESSION
Authors: L. H. Wirt
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As your circulation manager can tell you, I have been takingThe Journalfor several years. It is an important addition to my professional education, and I always read it through, which is more than I can say for some of the journals of my own profession that come to my table. I want to express my appreciation of all that you publish, but in particular of the department of "Propaganda for Reform," and especially to mention the recent article on the "Whole Wheat" concern and the Defensive Diet League. Nothing could be truer, and more fair, in my opinion, than the way you handled the case of the Defensive Diet League. I happened to be one of those who were taken in for $10 when the league was being given birth. The purposes seemed plausible and meritorious, and were, apparently, sponsored by my state society. However,
THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF THYROID PREPARATIONS.
Authors: OLIVER T. OSBORNE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Unfortunately, we are not much farther advanced in the chemistry of the thyroid gland than we were two years ago when I wrote the section on organotherapy for Cohen's "System of Physiologic Therapeutics." In other words, we can not give any one portion of this gland activity to a patient without giving the whole of it. We know that the active principles are absorbed from the gastrointestinal canal, but whether any particular activity is lost in this chemistry we do not know. The physiologic symptoms developed by feeding thyroid are well known, viz., thyroid extract will increase the rapidity of the heart; increase perspiration; cause warming of the surface of the body, in other words increase the peripheral circulation; lower the blood pressure; stimulate mental activity even to sleeplessness; cause increased nitrogenous metabolism, and if in considerable amount or given for a time, cause loss of weight. The physiologic actions
Inhalation anesthetics and carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Leroy D. Vandam
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The reader whose curiosity is aroused by the subject matter of this monograph will discover that the discussion is confined almost entirely to diethyl ether. More data on ether have accumulated, probably because it affects metabolism more than any other anesthetic. That so little work has been done in the field of metabolism may attest to its relative unimportance during anesthesia and to the far greater concern with circulatory and respiratory changes. Of the six chapters the first reviews glucose metabolism. The head swims with paragraph after paragraph on enzymatic activity, intermediary products and pathways in glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is not easy to integrate this information with the discussion on anesthetics that follows. The second chapter, comprising the bulk of the book, minutely dissects data relating to the effects of ether on glucose metabolism, based on changes in peripheral blood. This is essentially a critique of
Plans for clinic raise fears of privatisation in Canada
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Plans to offer magnetic resonance imaging to paying customers from Canada's indigenous communities have raised fears that their proposed clinic will undermine Canada's publicly funded healthcare system.

The plans come from a band, the recognised term for a group of indigenous people, who are living in a designated area in Saskatchewan. It comes at a time when there have been several challenges to the public healthcare system, particularly in Saskatchewan's western neighbour, Alberta. But this is the first time the threat …
Botulinum Toxin: An Alternative to Handgun Control?
Authors: Peter Hambleton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The letter from Walker and Hunt<sup>1</sup>described the unfortunate and unforeseen consequences of the use of botulinum toxin to treat successfully the severe retrocollis of a trigger-happy alcoholic. Having been involved for many years in the development and production of the United Kingdom-licensed therapeutic toxin, I was naturally interested in this sad case. I would like to make a suggestion to physicians who might be concerned to avoid similar occurrences. Where the possibility of such an outcome seems possible, the risk of tragedy might be diminished by injecting a small quantity of toxin into the trigger finger(s) so as to render the patient incapable of exerting sufficient pressure to fire a gun. Additionally, an acceptable side effect would be the patient's inability to pour drinks successfully.
UK government aims to implement new mental health strategy as commissioning is given to GPs
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The care and treatment of mental ill health is to be put on the same footing as physical health problems, under government plans to tackle the inequalities and discrimination faced by people with mental health problems in England.

Mental ill health accounts for almost a quarter of all ill health in the United Kingdom and one in three GP consultations. It is the largest single cause of disability and in England costs an estimated £105bn (€124bn; $170bn) a year.

The government’s strategy document, No Health without Mental Health , published on 2 February, promises a “life course approach,” with input from across government departments and local government and third sector organisations.

But experts in mental health have questioned how far …
Abstract 3486: Novel cell models of ovarian cancer for target discovery and validation obtained through stem cell culturing technology
Authors: Peter F. Young, Zhuangyu Pan, Penny Roberts, Jeff Hooley, Doug Smith, Francine Chen, Deryk Loo, Ezio Bonvini, Jennie Mather, Paul A. Moore
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies with greater than 50% of patients succumbing to the disease within 5 years of initial diagnosis. Contributors to the overall poor survival rate include late diagnosis, development of drug resistance and persistence of cancer stem cell (CSC) populations. With increasing evidence that CSC drive tumor initiation and metastases, development of model systems to better characterize such populations are needed. We recently reported use of stem cell culturing conditions to generate cancer stem like cells (CSLC) from colon and lung cancer that exhibit CSC properties (1-2). Here we apply a similar approach to ovarian cancer. Methodology: Freshly resected ovarian cancer tissue was obtained, processed and cultured using serum-free defined culture media evolved from conditions previously employed to culture tissue-specific progenitor stem cells. Expanded cell lines were characterized for their tumor initiating properties in NSG mice upon implantation under the sub-renal capsule. Xenografts were analyzed by H&amp;E and immunostaining with ovarian cancer associated markers. Cell surface protein profile was examined by flow cytometry using mAbs against putative CSC markers and with those generated through de novo whole cell immunization of the putative ovarian cancer stem cell lines. Results: Ovarian CSLC were successfully cultured from independent serous ovarian tumor specimens. These lines can be indefinitely passaged in vitro while retaining ability to form tumors that faithfully recapitulate original patient tumor morphology and metastasize. The CSLC express EpCAM consistent with their epithelial origin and both CD44 and CD133. Analyses of mAbs generated from whole cell immunization identified B7-H3 as an additional target expressed on the ovarian CSLC. IHC analyses demonstrated B7-H3 expression also on primary and metastatic ovarian CSLC xenografts consistent with expression observed on patient derived specimens. Conclusion: Ovarian cancer cell lines have been generated using conditions previously established for tissue stem cells. These lines, which can be maintained indefinitely in vitro while retaining cancer stem cell properties, provide opportunity to identify and characterize novel ovarian cancer targeting strategies such as those designed against B7-H3. References: 1: Roberts (2011) AACR Abstract #5211; 2: Young (2011) AACR Abstract #502. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3486. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3486
Unifying academic general practice. Trainers and tutors should get together.
Authors: J Spencer, G Rutt
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Number and rate of maternal deaths from pregnancy induced toxaemia in women delivered at weeks 26-32 and weeks 33-42 Deaths from pregnancy induced toxaemia Weeks 26-32 Weeks 33-42 Total No of Rate/million Rate/million Years reported matemities* No maternities
THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTROCONVULSIVE TREATMENT ON BLOOD SUGAR, TOTAL NUMBER OF LEUCOCYTES AND LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: KARL STERN, BRIGITTE A. ASKONAS, ANDREA M. CULLEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

The changes in blood sugar level, leucocyte count, and absolute lymphocyte count were studied in patients undergoing electric shock therapy. The blood sugar and white blood cell response to the injection of adrenalin was observed in 4 subjects. In all cases electric shock was associated with leucocytosis and lymphocytosis, and in the majority of cases (28 out of 34) a hyperglycemia was observed. The values returned to normal within an hour of treatment. On mathematical evaluation the findings were seen to be statistically significant. The type of response was not correlated to the underlying psychiatric conditions; where a series of treatments was followed in one single individual, the pattern of response was maintained throughout, irrespective of change in the psychiatric condition of the patient. The hyperglycemia appeared to be the result of autonomic stimulation, while the leucocytosis and lymphocytosis seemed due, at least in part, to the mechanical effect of muscular contraction.
Lymphocytopenia in lupus erythematosus: close in vivo association to autoantibodies targeting nuclear antigens
Authors: J. Wenzel, R. Gerdsen, M. Uerlich, R. Bauer, T. Tueting, T. Bieber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Leukopenia and lymphopenia are typical features of lupus erythematosus (LE) and correlate with elevated disease activity and higher grades of systemic involvement. Antilymphocyte antibodies are regarded as the most likely rationale for the decreased cell numbers; however, their relevance has not been confirmed so far.Previous investigations at our department have shown a significant correlation between diminished lymphocyte numbers and the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). We wanted to achieve a better understanding of this phenomenon.We performed a detailed analysis of autoantibodies and peripheral leucocyte subsets in 82 patients with different subtypes of LE. Leucocyte subsets were measured using flow cytometry (FACScan; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA.); autoantibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A significant association (P < 0.05) between specific antibodies targeting nuclear antigens (SSA/Ro-52, SSB/La, snRNPs) and lymphocytopenia was found.We suppose that some of these autoantibodies might have an antilymphocyte effect. Apoptosis induction by specific antinuclear antibodies has already been described earlier, but to the best of our knowledge this is the first study presenting a strong indication of a possible interaction between these antibodies and lymphocyte subsets in vivo.
Tobacco Substitutes: Snus and Harm Reduction
Authors: Maia Szalavitz
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

How can you even have a debate over whether to publish data on snus [1]? No medical journal even contemplated not publishing data on needle exchange to prevent HIV—which continues addiction just as surely as snus does, while similarly producing a dramatic reduction in the risk of death. Journals don't censor data on nicotine replacement or methadone maintenance or buprenorphine or even heroin maintenance, which continue physical dependence if not always addiction. They even publish data on amphetamine maintenance!

What kind of bizarre political correctness would even suggest not publishing data that could show whether snus improves or harms health? You may want to debate whether or not tobacco should be advertised, whether or not the industry should be banned and replaced by government control of nicotine delivery-devices, even whether tobacco should be prohibited entirely. But not publish data on what appears to be from existing data an amazingly successful public health intervention? What kind of a “public library of science” would even contemplate that?
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: William Barry
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Staphylococcus aureus and group A Streptococcus pyogenes produce toxic shock syndrome characterized by hypotension and multisystem organ failure. While conventional therapy has consisted of antibiotics and intensive supportive care, some experimental evidence suggests that immunoglobulins directed against the toxins may be effective additional therapy. We report a case of "toxic strep syndrome" in which intravenous immunoglobulin was administered when signs and symptoms were worsening while the patient was receiving conventional therapy. Within hours of administration of the intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient experienced dramatic clinical improvement. This response suggests a possible therapeutic benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin in toxic shock syndrome.
ENERCA clinical recommendations for disease management and prevention of complications of sickle cell disease in children
Authors: Mariane de Montalembert, Alina Ferster, Raffaella Colombatti, David C. Rees, Beatrice Gulbis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Universal neonatal screening is performed in the United States, England, the Netherlands, and several cities in Belgium, with selective screening targeted on "high-risk" population in France (globally, one quarter of all the babies born in France are screened). Newborns diagnosed with a major sickle cell syndrome (SCD) should be referred to a designated pediatric sickle cell centre, and the parents are informed that their child has SCD; this may be in the sickle cell centre by an expert physician or in the community by an experienced nurse counsellor. The pediatric sickle cell centre should organize the care of the baby.
Abstract 2266: The characterization of anti-breast cancer compounds isolated from the <i>Juniperus communis</i>.
Authors: Gilles A. Robichaud, Nadia Picot, Stéphanie Jean, Caitlyn Carpenter, Chris A. Gray
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in the female population worldwide where approximately 30% of these women will succumb to their disease. The identification of novel, efficacious and safe anticancer drugs is thus essential to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. More recently, the study of anticancer properties from natural products has regained popularity as natural entities provide more biodiversity of chemical structures with biological and medicinal activity. Based on a documented library of the most common medicinal plants used by the indigenous people of North America, we have examined the anti-breast cancer properties of extracts from Juniperus communis (common juniper). Using methanolic extracts from juniper needles and branches, we conducted bioassay-guided fractionation to assess growth inhibition of the highly malignant MB231 breast cancer cell line. The isolation and identification of active juniper constituents were performed through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and standard spectroscopic analysis (1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] and low-resolution and high-resolution mass spectrometry). We characterized the diterpene isocupressic acid and the aryltetralin lignan deoxypodophyllotoxin as very potent inhibitors of cancer cell growth using dose-response and kinetic cell viability assays. Using a series of cellular and molecular tests, we also found that isocupressic acid and deoxypodophyllotoxin block MB231 cell cycling through the suppression of the ERK/MAPK and the NFκB signaling pathways. In addition to the blockade of the cell's survival cascade, both compounds concomitantly induced CASPASE-3-dependant apoptosis of MB231 cells within hours of treatment. Our findings emphasize the potential and importance of natural products screening for new chemical entities with novel anticancer activities. Natural products research complemented with the wealth of information available through the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological knowledge of the indigenous natives will provide new candidate entities with desirable bioactivities to develop new cancer therapies. Citation Format: Gilles A. Robichaud, Nadia Picot, Stéphanie Jean, Caitlyn Carpenter, Chris A. Gray. The characterization of anti-breast cancer compounds isolated from the Juniperus communis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2266. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2266
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Renal Pseudotumor
Authors: RICHARD A. VITTI, ALAN H. MAURER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), recently introduced into clinical nuclear medicine, potentially offers improved spatial resolution compared to planar imaging by eliminating activity from surrounding structures, and permitting threedimensional reconstructions. Its clinical applications to date have been limited. A case where SPECT with Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) better demonstrated a renal pseudotumor (a benign column of Bertln) compared to planar Imaging is reported.