tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a High Selenium Environment
Authors: Arthur W. Kilness
Journal: JAMA (1977)

During a ten-year period, four cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been found in a sparsely populated county (population 4,000) in westcentral South Dakota. The patients were unrelated male farmer-ranchers between 57 and 66 years of age, living within a 15-km radius of each other. The cases occurred in a region where naturally occurring selenium toxication is endemic in farm animals. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2843-2844, 1977)
The Role of Private Payers in Payment Reform
Authors: Zirui Song, Dave A. Chokshi
Journal: JAMA (2015)

In September, one of California’s largest private payers, Anthem Blue Cross, joined 7 Los Angeles health systems in a new managed care contract with savings and risks shared among the payer and health systems. In a state where premiums have increased at a rate 5 times faster than inflation over the past decade, the new partnership aims to slow spending through mutual price control and clinical coordination among the narrow network of prior rivals, while offering employers and individuals lower premiums and zero deductibles.
Hair in newborns and infants: clinical and dermoscopic evaluation of 45 cases
Authors: I. Neri, V. Piccolo, G. Cocchi, M. Starace, A. Patrizi, E. Dika, B.M. Piraccini
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

The literature still lacks comprehensive assessments on the features of neonatal hair and scalp characteristics.To evaluate the clinical and dermoscopic features of scalp hair in newborns, including measurement of hair density, length and diameter.Forty-five newborns were recruited for the study. For each patient, data regarding sex, age at consultation, delivery method, gestational age and maternal age at delivery were collected. A clinical score of hair density was created by investigators in order to divide the neonates into two groups: group 1 included neonates with poor and slightly poor hair density and group 2 included neonates with quite good and good hair density. Each patient underwent scalp videodermatoscopy.Based on their clinical score, 15 newborns had good hair density, while 30 had poor hair density. Among the parameters evaluated by the investigators, only weight at birth significantly correlated with neonatal hair density. Two neonates presented a frontal-temporal pattern of hair loss. Videodermatoscopy revealed that nine neonates, all in the poor hair density group, had a particular hair shaft dermoscopic feature, characterized by the presence of widespread thin hair.On the basis of the results obtained from our study, we propose a new classification of transient neonatal hair loss. We have found two different hair types: 'neonatal type', rarely observed, that appears in the first 4 weeks of life with a frontal-temporal pattern; and 'classic type', more frequently observed, appearing at 8-12 weeks of life with a predominant occipital pattern.
Age Decreases Endothelial Progenitor Cell Recruitment Through Decreases in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Stabilization During Ischemia
Authors: Eric I. Chang, Shang A. Loh, Daniel J. Ceradini, Edward I. Chang, Shin-e Lin, Nicholas Bastidas, Shahram Aarabi, Denise A. Chan, Michael L. Freedman, Amato J. Giaccia, Geoffrey C. Gurtner
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Advanced age is known to impair neovascularization. Because endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in this process, we examined the effects of aging on EPC recruitment and vascular incorporation. Methods and Results— Murine neovascularization was examined by use of an ischemic flap model, which demonstrated aged mice (19 to 24 months) had decreased EPC mobilization (percent mobilized 1.4±0.2% versus 0.4±0.1%, P &lt;0.005) that resulted in impaired gross tissue survival compared with young mice (2 to 6 months). This decrease correlated with diminished tissue perfusion ( P &lt;0.005) and decreased CD31 + vascular density ( P &lt;0.005). Gender-mismatched bone marrow transplantation demonstrated significantly fewer chimeric vessels in aged mice ( P &lt;0.05), which confirmed a deficit in bone marrow–mediated vasculogenesis. Age had no effect on total EPC number in mice or humans. Reciprocal bone marrow transplantations confirmed that impaired neovascularization resulted from defects in the response of aged tissue to hypoxia and not from intrinsic defects in EPC function. We demonstrate that aging decreased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α stabilization in ischemic tissues because of increased prolyl hydroxylase–mediated hydroxylation ( P &lt;0.05) and proteasomal degradation. This resulted in a diminished hypoxia response, including decreased stromal cell–derived factor 1 ( P &lt;0.005) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( P &lt;0.0004). This effect can be reversed with the iron chelator deferoxamine, which results in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α stabilization and increased tissue survival. Conclusions— Aging impairs EPC trafficking to sites of ischemia through a failure of aged tissues to normally activate the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α–mediated hypoxia response.
The α-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol decreases glucose fluctuations and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in peripheral leukocytes of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takeshi Osonoi, Miyoko Saito, Kazuki Mochizuki, Nanae Fukaya, Takeshi Muramatsu, Seiya Inoue, Masahiro Fuchigami, Toshinao Goda
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
CCL2/CCR2-Dependent Recruitment of Functional Antigen-Presenting Cells into Tumors upon Chemotherapy
Authors: Yuting Ma, Stephen R. Mattarollo, Sandy Adjemian, Heng Yang, Laetitia Aymeric, Dalil Hannani, João Paulo Portela Catani, Helene Duret, Michele W.L. Teng, Oliver Kepp, Yidan Wang, Antonella Sistigu, Joachim L. Schultze, Gautier Stoll, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Laurence Zitvogel, Mark J. Smyth, Guido Kroemer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

The therapeutic efficacy of anthracyclines relies, at least partially, on the induction of a dendritic cell- and T-lymphocyte-dependent anticancer immune response. Here, we show that anthracycline-based chemotherapy promotes the recruitment of functional CD11b(+)CD11c(+)Ly6C(high)Ly6G(-)MHCII(+) dendritic cell-like antigen-presenting cells (APC) into the tumor bed, but not into lymphoid organs. Accordingly, draining lymph nodes turned out to be dispensable for the proliferation of tumor antigen-specific T cells within neoplastic lesions as induced by anthracyclines. In addition, we found that tumors treated with anthracyclines manifest increased expression levels of the chemokine Ccl2. Such a response is important as neoplasms growing in Ccl2(-/-) mice failed to accumulate dendritic cell-like APCs in response to chemotherapy. Moreover, cancers developing in mice lacking Ccl2 or its receptor (Ccr2) exhibited suboptimal therapeutic responses to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Altogether, our results underscore the importance of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis for therapeutic anticancer immune responses as elicited by immunogenic chemotherapy.
The distal axis of growth hormone (GH) in nutritional disorders: GH-binding protein, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-I receptors in obesity and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Zeev Hochberg, Pnina Hertz, Varda Colin, Sophia Ish-Shalom, Daniel Yeshurun, Moussa B.H. Youdim, Tamar Amit
Journal: Metabolism (1992)
Correlation Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Allergic Rhinitis in Children and Adolescents in Korea
Authors: Seo Hee Yoon, Yoon Hee Kim, Young A. Park, In Suk Sol, Min Jung Kim, Kyung Won Kim, Myung Hyun Sohn, Kyu Earn Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Burden of Disease from Toxic Waste Sites in India, Indonesia, and the Philippines in 2010
Authors: Kevin Chatham-Stephens, Jack Caravanos, Bret Ericson, Jennifer Sunga-Amparo, Budi Susilorini, Promila Sharma, Philip J. Landrigan, Richard Fuller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Prior calculations of the burden of disease from toxic exposures have not included estimates of the burden from toxic waste sites due to the absence of exposure data.We developed a disability-adjusted life year (DALY)-based estimate of the disease burden attributable to toxic waste sites. We focused on three low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): India, Indonesia, and the Philippines.Sites were identified through the Blacksmith Institute's Toxic Sites Identification Program, a global effort to identify waste sites in LMICs. At least one of eight toxic chemicals was sampled in environmental media at each site, and the population at risk estimated. By combining estimates of disease incidence from these exposures with population data, we calculated the DALYs attributable to exposures at each site.We estimated that in 2010, 8,629,750 persons were at risk of exposure to industrial pollutants at 373 toxic waste sites in the three countries, and that these exposures resulted in 828,722 DALYs, with a range of 814,934-1,557,121 DALYs, depending on the weighting factor used. This disease burden is comparable to estimated burdens for outdoor air pollution (1,448,612 DALYs) and malaria (725,000 DALYs) in these countries. Lead and hexavalent chromium collectively accounted for 99.2% of the total DALYs for the chemicals evaluated.Toxic waste sites are responsible for a significant burden of disease in LMICs. Although some factors, such as unidentified and unscreened sites, may cause our estimate to be an underestimate of the actual burden of disease, other factors, such as extrapolation of environmental sampling to the entire exposed population, may result in an overestimate of the burden of disease attributable to these sites. Toxic waste sites are a major, and heretofore underrecognized, global health problem.
GENERAL PRACTICE AND THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER
Authors: Stanley R. Truman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

If general practice is fulfilling an essential medical need, it will survive; if it is outmoded, all our thrashing about will not save it. I am one who believes that general practice fulfills an indispensable medico-socio-economic need, and I believe that multispecialist clinics, specialist competition, disinterest in high places, and apathy of teachers will not destroy it. Ask people who have experienced care by a competent, conscientious family doctor what they want. The family doctor can give better medical care, with better patient rapport, and with more economy of time and money than any other system that has been devised. Many thousands of general practitioners today fulfill the requirement of the family doctor, but this is not adequately recognized. What is needed are more family doctors to act as: (A) the family medical advisor and guide, (B) the primary diagnostician, and (C) the primary therapist. In these capacities he will
US health secretary launches campaign to reduce smoking prevalence
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Tobacco smoke, be it from smoking cigarettes or exposure to secondhand smoke, causes immediate damage to the body, concludes a new report issued by the US surgeon general on 9 December in Washington, DC.

“The message from this report for Americans is simple: there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke,” said the secretary of health and human services, Kathleen Sebelius. “We are relaunching the effort to reduce and ideally eliminate smoking in America.”

About 40% of Americans smoked in 1964 when the US surgeon general issued the first report urging them to stop. That number has dropped to about 20% today. “The bad news is that in recent years the decline in adult and youth smoking …
THE WEATHER BUREAU AND SANITARY CLIMATOLOGY.
Authors: Mark W. Harrington
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Last year the Chief of the Weather Bureau sent out a letter to sanitarians and others, inviting opinions on the best means of making the weather service of the United States of benefit to sanitary science. The Editor of thisJournalamong others sent a rather lengthy letter dated Jan. 20, 1894, giving suggestions in detail. We are therefore greatly pleased to see that the Bureau has moved in the matter, and we feel sure that its action will be sustained by the medical profession generally. The great influence of climate in the etiology and as well in the therapeutics of disease, has been so little studied, that it is very gratifying to see that the Agricultural Department is prepared to start the movement. The following circulars are self-explanatory: Circular No. 3. Sanitary Climatology. U. S.Department of Agriculture, Weather Bureau. Washington, D. C., Jan. 2, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3>
Abstract 4910: Identification of putative epigenetic markers for head and neck squamous cell carinoma recurrence
Authors: Marianna M. Rettori, Ana Carolina de Carvalho, Danielle C. C. Maia, Andre L. Carvalho, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Andre L. Vettore
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer but the lack of early detection and high incidence of local-regional recurrence lead to high mortality. Therefore, it is important to develop new molecular markers to be used as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. An important mechanism for gene transcriptional inactivation is hypermethylation at the CpG islands within the promoter regions. The presence of hypermethylation might be useful as a molecular marker for tumor cell detection which could be useful for early detection of tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate promoter hypermethylation of suppressor genes via quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP) in tumor and body fluid samples (saliva) as a means to detect epigenetic alterations specific to HNSCC. Tumor samples and salivary rinse were collected before and after the last curative treatment from 180 consecutive HNSCC cases and every 6 months during the patient follow-up. The pattern of aberrant methylation of 24 genes was analyzed and allowed the selection of a panel of 5 genes that have a specificity of 95% and a sensitivity of 38% in the detection of hypermethylated cells in saliva samples from recently diagnosed HNSCC patients. The efficacy of this panel may be useful in early diagnosis of HNSCC recurrence is being evaluated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4910.
Abstract 2789: C-reactive protein and risk of lung cancer
Authors: Anil Chaturvedi, Neil Caporaso, Hormuzd Katki, Hui-Lee Wong, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Sharon Pine, Stephen Chanock, James Goedert, Eric Engels
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Chronic inflammation could act as a co-factor to tobacco smoke in increasing lung cancer risk, underscoring the potential for both lung cancer prevention and screening. We investigated the association of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with prospective risk of lung cancer. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of 592 lung cancers and 670 controls with available pre-diagnostic serum and 378 cases and 447 controls with available DNA within the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (N=77,464). Controls were matched to cases on age, sex, entry year, follow-up time, and smoking status (cumulative amount and time since quitting). We measured CRP levels in baseline serum samples and genotyped 5 common CRP SNPs. Results: Elevated CRP levels were associated with increased lung cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] for individuals in the fourth quartile (Q4, ≥5.6 mg/L) vs. those in Q1 (&amp;lt;1.0 mg/L)=1.98; 95% CI=1.35-2.89), with a trend for increasing risk across CRP quartiles (p-trend&amp;lt;0.001). This association was most apparent for squamous cell carcinomas (OR=2.92; 95% CI=1.30-6.54), in the 2-5 years before lung cancer diagnosis (OR=2.33; 95% CI=1.24-4.39), and among former (OR=2.48; 95% CI=1.53-4.03) and current smokers (OR=1.90; 95% CI=1.06-3.41). Although CRP SNPs and haplotypes were associated with significant differences in CRP levels, they were not associated with lung cancer risk. Ten-year standardized absolute risks of lung cancer were higher with elevated CRP levels, among both former (Q4=2.55% vs. Q1=1.39%) and current smokers (Q4=7.37% vs. Q1=4.03%). Conclusions: Elevated CRP levels are associated with subsequently increased lung cancer risk, in support of an etiologic role for chronic pulmonary inflammation in lung carcinogenesis. The separation in lung cancer absolute risks across circulating CRP levels among former and current smokers provides preliminary evidence for the utility of CRP measurements in lung cancer risk stratification. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2789.
COMBINATION EZETIMIBE/SIMVASTATIN + EXTENDED-RELEASE NIACIN THERAPY IMPROVES ATTAINMENT OF RECOMMENDED LEVELS OF LDL-C, NON-HDL-C AND APO B IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS
Authors: Sergio Fazio, John R. Guyton, Jianxin Lin, Joanne E. Tomassini, Arvind K. Shah, Andrew M. Tershakovec
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Response to two recent BMJ papers on mortality after hip replacement: comparative modelling study
Authors: N.-B. Kandala, M. Connock, R. Pulikottil-Jacob, H. Mistry, P. Sutcliffe, M. Costa, A. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Two BMJ observational studies report increased survival of patients after metal-on-metal resurfacing versus cemented or uncemented total hip replacement.1 2 We considered the potential usefulness of these new estimates for lifetime cost effectiveness models, which necessitate extrapolation beyond observed data.3 Cost effectiveness models have assumed similar mortality irrespective of implanted device.4 5 6

McMinn and colleagues examined men under 55 years who received Birmingham hip resurfacing or cemented or uncemented hip replacements (mean age ~48 years).1 Kendal and …
Abstract P5-13-14: Breast cancer in very young patient is a more aggressive entity independent from breast cancer subtype
Authors: MT Martínez, M Peña-Chilet, JA Perez-Fidalgo, A Bosch, E Alonso, J Ferrer, O Burgues, B Bermejo, A Lluch, G Ribas
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer in very young patients (&amp;lt; 35 years) (BCVY) is an uncommon disease and when it occurs it usually has aggressive biological characteristics. Whether this effect is due to an overrepresentation of aggressive breast cancer subtypes in younger patients or not remains an issue of controversial. The objective of this study was to identify potential differences in the molecular and clinical features of breast carcinomas from patients &amp;lt; = 35 years versus a cohort of older counterparts previously matched by breast cancer subtype. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database that included 424 patients diagnosed with an invasive breast carcinoma from 1995 to 2012 at Hospital Clinico of Valencia. We selected 89 patients separated in two groups, the study group with very young women ≤ 35 years old and with no BRCA mutation or unknown and a second group with women older than 50 years. Data related to clinical and pathological features from both groups such as tumor size, nodal status, histological grade, Ki 67 labeling oestrogen and progesterone receptor and HER2 overexpression were obtained from medical records and we used the statistic model of chi-squared to compare the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 89 patients, 43 patients ≤ 35 year were included in the study group (median age 31.4 years, standard deviation (SD): 3.82) and 46 patients &amp;gt;50 years were included in the control group (median age 66.4 years, SD: 10.00). Ductal carcinoma was the most common histological subtype in both groups (88.4% of BCVY and 78.3% of the old woman). The majority of tumors were ER and PR positive in both groups, but younger women had a higher proportion of HER2 positive tumors, although the result was not significant. By subtype 57.4% of BCVY presented an immunohistochemical luminal subtype, compared to 71.7% in older patients. Triple negative and HER2 profiles were 11.6% and 34.8% in youngest versus 15.2% and 13.04% in older women respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of breast cancer subtype (p = 0.279)). However, BCVY had a higher pathological grade (56% younger patients had grade IIII vs 26% in oldest, p = 0.002), higher proportion of Ki67 &amp;gt;30% (32.5% of youngest versus 17.4% in older women, p = 0.008), larger tumors (16.3% of BCVY had size tumor &amp;gt; 5 cm, versus 2.2% in controls, p&amp;lt;0.0001) and more frequent nodal involvement (39.5% in young women vs 28.2% in oldest, p = 0.0264). CONCLUSIONS: Patients diagnosed with breast cancer at ≤ 35 years present more aggressive tumors compared to older patients. These data suggest that BCVY is a distinct entity, further studies to confirm these findings are needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-13-14.
A Case of Rheumatic Node
Authors: G. Mahomed
Journal: BMJ (1882)

THE BPJPfPig MEDICAL _OURNAL sound.The uterine cervix was bent on itself behind the pubes, and the os was firm and closed, as in a primipara.On the left of the uterus, in Douglas's space, was a very soft swelling; it seemed to give the sensation of a thin cyst, containing a thin fluid, and was of the size of an orange.This I was inclined to regard as ovarian.I came to the conclusion that the patient was probably in the fourth month of preg- nancy, and that the vaginal swelling would most likely prove to be ovarian.On January 8th, i882, Dr. Godfrey wrote that he now heard the uterine soufe, and that the fcetal movements were distinct.The globular body in the vagina was unaltered, and the os was still small, -and tilted up behind the pubes.Later on, Dr. Godfrey again informed me by letter that she was delivered on May gth of a healthy child, under chlo- roform, with forceps, and that a large fluctuating tumour could be felt on the left side of the abdomen.On June ioth, I was requested to meet Dr. Godfrey in consultation.
Gemcitabine versus Gemcitabine–Carboplatin for Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and a Performance Status of 2: A Prospective Randomized Phase II Study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: Paris A. Kosmidis, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Konstantinos Syrigos, Costas Nicolaides, Gerasimos Aravantinos, Ioannis Boukovinas, Dimitrios Pectasides, George Fountzilas, Dimitrios Bafaloukos, Charalampos Bacoyiannis, Haralampos P. Kalofonos
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
The interaction of bovine factor VIII with human platelets.
Authors: E P Kirby, D C Mills
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Treatment of human platelets with purified bovine Factor VIII caused three types of aggregation: (a) primary agglutination; (b) secondary aggregation involving the platelet release reaction; and (c) super-aggregation, in which the platelets were gathered into only a few large clumps. Removal of calcium ions or treatment with p-hydroxymercuiriphenyl sulfonate blocked the release reaction, but not primary agglutination or super-aggregation. Platelets treated with formalin were not aggregated by ADP, thrombin, or collagen, but were agglutinated by bovine Factor VIII, although they did not show super-aggregation. For malin-treated platelets were agglutinated by phytohemagglutinin P less extensively and less rapidly than by bovine Factor VIII. Treatment of platelets and Factor VIII with neuraminidase released 60 and 53%, respectively, of the sialic acid residues without affecting the agglutination reaction or the procoagulant activity of the Factor VIII. Agglutination was inhibited by high salt concentrations, dextran sulfate, and heparin. During agglutination, both the procoagulant and platelet-agglutinating activities of Factor VIII became bound to the platelet surface.