tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation of Sodium Balance to Arterial Pressure During Drug-Induced Saluresis
Authors: FRANK A. FINNERTY, MICHAEL DAVIDOV, NIKOS KAJAVIATOS
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Serial determinations of plasma volume and urinary sodium excretion were determined during saluresis in 20 hypertensive patients. Although the diuretics produced a decrease in plasma volume and an increase in urinary sodium excretion in all patients, there was no direct relationship between the decrease in plasma volume and the fall in arterial pressure. Concomitant administration of dextran solution prevented the reduction in plasma volume but did not prevent the fall in arterial pressure. Similarly, replacement of plasma volume with dextran solution at the peak of hypotension following the diuretics had no effect on the reduced arterial pressure. Concomitant administration of hypertonic saline solution with the diuretic prevented the fall in arterial pressure, and the replacement of urinary sodium loss at the peak of hypotension returned the arterial pressure to control values when the sodium administered exceeded the urinary sodium loss. It would seem that in the hypertensive sodium depleted state a direct relationship exists between arterial pressure and sodium balance. Thus, a positive sodium balance is associated with a rise in arterial pressure, whereas a negative sodium balance is associated with a fall in arterial pressure. The data suggest also that the decreased pressor response during saluresis is due more to the production of negative sodium balance than to a decrease in plasma volume.
Evaluation quantitative de la perméabilité vasculaire au niveau de la muqueuse colique par endomicroscopie confocale in vivo: Implications cliniques pour la néoplasie colique
Authors: T Matysiak-Budnik, E Coron, JF Mosnier, M Le Rhun, JP Galmiche, A Ahluwalia, A Tarnawski
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: Les modifications de la perméabilité de la »barrière« microvasculaire de la muqueuse colique jouent un rôle important dans la pathogenèse des lésions muqueuses, dans l'angiogenèse, et dans la néoplasie colique. Cependant, il n'existe pas de méthode permettant d'évaluer de manière quantitative et non-invasive la perméabilité vasculaire au niveau de la muqueuse colique. Le but de cette étude était de tester l'utilité de l'endomicroscopie confocale (EMC) dans l'évaluation du réseau microvasculaire au niveau de la muqueuse colique normale et au niveau des polypes coliques in vivo.
Inhibitors of Ocular Neovascularization
Authors: Peter van Wijngaarden, Douglas J. Coster, Keryn A. Williams
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
German MPs are to vote on allowing preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The German chancellor, Angela Merkel, announced her objection to preimplantation genetic diagnosis at a recent party conference. However, she has agreed to a free parliamentary vote on whether to allow pre-screening of fertilised embryos in Germany.

The leader of the ruling Christian Democratic Union announced the conscience vote after admitting that she opposed the procedure, which identifies possible genetic disorders. “We should ban preimplantation diagnostics,” said Chancellor Merkel, reflecting her party’s conservative stance.

Meanwhile her coalition partner has replied that his party …
Rapid Detection of Group B Streptococci in Pregnant Women at Delivery
Authors: Michel G. Bergeron, Danbing Ke, Christian Ménard, Francois J. François, Martin Gagnon, Marthe Bernier, Marc Ouellette, Paul H. Roy, Sylvie Marcoux, William D. Fraser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Group B streptococcal infections are an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. A rapid method for the detection of this organism in pregnant women at the time of delivery is needed to allow early treatment of neonates.
Targeted overexpression of IGF-I evokes distinct patterns of organ remodeling in smooth muscle cell tissue beds of transgenic mice.
Authors: J Wang, W Niu, Y Nikiforov, S Naito, S Chernausek, D Witte, D LeRoith, A Strauch, J A Fagin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the vascular wall, bladder, myometrium, and gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts retain the ability to proliferate postnatally, which enables adaptive responses to injury, hormonal, or mechanical stimulation. SMC growth is regulated by a number of mesenchymal growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). To explore the function of IGF-I on SMC in vivo, the mouse SMC alpha-actin promoter fragment SMP8 (-1074 bp, 63 bp of 5'UT and 2.5 kb of intron 1) was cloned upstream of rat IGF-I cDNA, and the fusion gene microinjected to fertilized eggs of the FVB-N mouse strain. Mating of hemizygous mice with controls produced about 50% transgenic offspring, with equal sex distribution. Transgenic IGF-I mRNA expression was confined to SMC-containing tissues, with the following hierarchy: bladder > stomach > aorta = uterus > intestine. There was no transgene expression in skeletal muscle, heart, or liver. Radioimmunoassayable IGF-I content was increased by 3.5- to 4-fold in aorta, and by almost 10-fold in bladder of transgenic mice at 5 and 10 wk, with no change in plasma IGF-I levels. Wet weight of bladder, stomach, intestine, uterus, and aorta was selectively increased, with no change in total body or carcass weight of transgenic animals. In situ hybridization showed that transgene expression was exquisitely targeted to the smooth muscle layers of the arteries, veins, bladder, ureter, stomach, intestine, and uterus. Paracrine overproduction of IGF-I resulted in hyperplasia of the muscular layers of these tissues, manifesting in remarkably different phenotypes in the various SMC beds. Whereas the muscular layer of the bladder and stomach exhibited a concentric thickening, the SMC of the intestine and uterus grew in a longitudinal fashion, resulting in a marked lengthening of the small bowel and of the uterine horns. This report describes the first successful targeting of expression of any functional protein capable of modifying the phenotype of SMC in transgenic mice. IGF-I stimulates SMC hyperplasia, leading to distinct patterns of organ remodeling in the different tissue environments.
Schwann Cells as Antineuroblastoma Agents
Authors: Garrett M. Brodeur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Neuroblastoma is the most enigmatic of neoplasms of children because of its variable clinical behavior: it may regress spontaneously in infants, mature into a benign ganglioneuroma in older patients, or grow relentlessly and be rapidly fatal.1 Neuroblastomas are also heterogeneous histopathologically, with a spectrum ranging from the most undifferentiated neuroblastomas to fully mature, benign ganglioneuromas. Tumors in intermediate stages of differentiation are referred to as ganglioneuroblastomas. Three notable changes occur during the progression from primitive neuroblastoma to differentiated ganglioneuroma: neuroblasts mature and come to resemble ganglion cells, the number of mitotic or karyorrhectic (dying) cells decreases, and much of the . . .
Dermoscopic features of melanomas associated with<i>MC1R</i>variants in Spanish<i>CDKN2A</i>mutation carriers
Authors: F. Cuéllar, S. Puig, I. Kolm, J. Puig-Butille, P. Zaballos, R. Martí-Laborda, C. Badenas, J. Malvehy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The presence of at least one MC1R gene variant is associated with a reduction in age at melanoma diagnosis in families with CDKN2A mutations.To describe dermoscopic features of early melanoma in CDKN2A gene mutation-positive Spanish individuals and to evaluate the possibility of a correlation between particular dermatoscopic pattern and MC1R gene variants.Patients in whom a melanoma was diagnosed during specific follow up of high-risk individuals carrying CDKN2A mutations (with familial or personal history of previous melanoma) were included in this study. The decision to remove such melanomas was taken on the basis of history, clinical and dermoscopic evaluations including total body photography and digital dermoscopy.Of the nine patients included in this study, three were noncarriers of the red hair MC1R polymorphism, three patients had one red hair MC1R polymorphism and three patients had two red hair MC1R polymorphisms. On dermoscopic analysis of suspect melanocytic lesions we found that the mean +/- SD ABCD total dermoscopy score (TDS) was significantly higher in noncarriers of red hair MC1R polymorphisms than in carriers of two MC1R gene red hair variants (6.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.9; P = 0.014).Early melanomas in patients with two MC1R red hair variants may be difficult to diagnose definitively by dermoscopy because, in our limited experience, they show fewer colours and structures and have a lower TDS. In such melanomas, subtle atypical vessels and other changes detected by digital image follow up may be useful to confirm the diagnosis of melanoma. An integrated approach including clinical history and dermoscopic data (also considering additional information, such as the presence of atypical vessels) should be utilized in evaluating these high-risk patients. Further studies are necessary to confirm our suggestion.
The GP contract
Authors: N. Shannon
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The case is described of a 68 year old man who was immunosuppressed as a result of receiving chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer and who presented with severe right thigh pain. This proved to be due to clostridial myonecrosis with none of the classical clinical features of clostridial infection. This is believed to be the first reported case of spontaneous clostridial infection associated with etoposide administration.
Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction
Authors: S M Cobbe
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The development of myocardial necrosis after occlusion of the coronary artery is time dependent. Animal data suggest that irreversible damage occurs within three to four hours,1 but the pattern in clinical myocardial infarction is more complex as coronary occlusion may be a stuttering event and myocardial viability may be preserved by collateral flow.2

The relation between delay to thrombolytic treatment and survival benefit was first investigated adequately by the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell' Infarto Miocardico and in the second international study of infarct survival.3,4 The Italian investigators found that the risk of death fell by a quarter in patients treated within three hours of the onset of symptoms and by a fifth in those treated three to six hours after the onset of symptoms. An analysis of patients treated within one hour suggested that the risk was halved. Similar trends were evident in the second international study of infarct survival. Neither trial, however, was designed specifically to evaluate the relation between the time of treatment and survival, and the trends were not significant.

The delivery …
Renal Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Norman M Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

IN this issue the report by Curtis et al.1 on the remission of essential hypertension in six patients after renal transplantation provides additional support for the view that renal dysfunction is a primary cause of the disease. Their six patients, all black, had end-stage renal disease, which appeared to have developed solely as a result of essential hypertension. The hypertension in five of the six patients persisted after removal of their kidneys and before transplantation, while they were on dialysis. After receiving kidneys from normotensive donors, in four cases unrelated to the patients, they became normotensive and have remained so . . .
Where Do Residency Graduates Start Medical Practice?
Authors: Thomas A. Stolee
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —I regret that the otherwise informative article 1 by Ms Miller and colleagues is marred by the pejorative statement that [p]rogram directors also reported that over 3% of all residents who found a clinical practice position had to accept a position in a small town to secure a job.... This makes reference to Table 4, in which one of the columns is titled, Had to work in small town to secure position.  During my many years of organizational activity in Minnesota, the only significant difference that I could perceive between small town physicians and metropolitan physicians is their individual preferences for small town living or metropolitan area living. We at the University of Minnesota Duluth School of Medicine are proud of our widely acclaimed national record of educating physicians interested in small town practice. Those graduates have been of superb caliber and have had national examination scores
Control of Cigarette Smoking from a Psychological Perspective
Authors: Robert C. Benfari, Judith K. Ockene, Kevin M. McIntyre
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1982)

Cigarette smoking has sociological, physiological, and psychological deter­ minants related to the initiation and maintenance of the behavior as well as important medical and economic implications. The interrelationship of all of these must be understood in order to control the behavior. Epidemiological studies have proven repeatedly that acute myocardial infarction, sudden death, lung cancer, and other disease processes are strongly associated with cigarette smoking (1-4). Nevertheless, 30 billion packages of cigarettes are sold in the United States each year. Helping people to stop smoking cigarettes presents one of the greatest challenges facing public health and preventive medicine in the United States and other industrialized countries today. The strongest case for a causal relationship between tobacco and any specific disease is for lung cancer. Before 1930, lung cancer was a rare disease, ten times less common than stomach cancer; five times less common than colon and rectal cancers (5). Since then, the age-adjusted death rates for lung cancer have increased almost 20-fold in males. An encouraging epidemiologic finding has been that former smokers have coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates well below the rates of cur-
Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Photosensitivity in Porphyria
Authors: J. W. Burnett, M. A. Pathak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

FOR over sixty years light and porphyrins have been thought to be involved in induction of the cutaneous lesions of porphyria. As early as 1898 Anderson1 suggested that porphyrins might be associated with the abnormal sensitivity to light of 2 patients with hydroa aestivale as manifested by recurrent bullous lesions of the uncovered parts of the body. Ten years later Hausmann2 described the photodynamic action of hematoporphyrin and showed that this compound may act as a photosensitizer for red blood cells and paramecia; subsequently, he induced photosensitivity in albino mice with hematoporphyrin. In 1920 Arzt and Hausmann3 reported that in . . .
Teepol in the Preparation of Sputum for Tubercle Culture
Authors: P. Browning, K. M. Calver, E. E. Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1953)

ConclusionsFurther cases might be quoted, but these serve to illustrate that simple depressed fractures should be ele- vated to restore the contour and capacity of the skull and to free what may be an anchored brain in the hope of avoiding future complications such as epileptic attacks.Early operation is advisable; not urgently as in compound fractures, but at a time convenient to patient and surgeon.Secondly, in the case of fractures in the temporal region, depression should be suspected and special x-ray examination made to ascertain whether it is present and masked by the temporal muscle and a tense overlying temporal fascia.Lastly, deep depres- sions in the skulls of the newly born should be pressed out within a few months of birth, if during this time no tendency is observed for natural restoration to take place.
Psychotropic Medications During Pregnancy: Risk to the Fetus-Reply
Authors: Gideon Koren
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Tueth for his comments and agree with the notion that a new era has started in clinical teratology. The prospective studies on lithium and fluoxetine organized by us could be conducted with over 100 patients each because there are now Teratology Information Services in both the United States and Canada that prospectively and systematically collect exposure data in pregnancy. We believe that in the next decade it will be possible to shed light on the reproductive safety and risk of many medications that are currently in the "gray zone" of animal studies and a few case reports. As a word of caution, however, it will be important not to overinterpret the present results to the area of behavioral teratology. It will be crucial to prove that babies exposed in utero to fluoxetine are not different in their various domains of development (cognitive, language, and the
Tailoring the efficacy of nimodipine drug delivery using nanocarriers based on A2B miktoarm star polymers
Authors: Ghareb M. Soliman, Rishi Sharma, Angela O. Choi, Sunil K. Varshney, Françoise M. Winnik, Ashok K. Kakkar, Dusica Maysinger
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Immune Surveillance
Authors: Jerome Ritz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Natural killer cells are found in the peripheral blood of all normal persons and resemble large granular lymphocytes morphologically.1 , 2 Natural killer cells can be defined operationally as cells capable of spontaneous cytotoxic activity against a wide variety of both autologous and allogeneic target cells. Unlike T cells, natural killer cells can lyse these targets without any apparent previous sensitization and without the involvement of major histocompatibility antigens. Moreover, there is no evidence to suggest that these cells are capable of immunologic memory. The majority of natural killer cells possess low-affinity receptors for the Fc portion of IgG and are therefore . . .
A truncated species of apolipoprotein B (B67) in a kindred with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia.
Authors: F K Welty, S T Hubl, V R Pierotti, S G Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We describe a kindred in which the proband and 6 of his 12 children have hypobetalipoproteinemia. The plasma lipoproteins of the affected subjects contained a unique species of apolipoprotein (apo) B, apo B67, in addition to the normal species, apo B100 and apo B48. The size of apo B67 and immunochemical studies with a panel of apo B-specific antibodies indicated that apo B67 was a truncated species of apo B that contained approximately the amino-terminal 3,000-3,100 amino acids of apo B100. Sequencing of genomic apo B clones revealed that affected family members were heterozygous for a mutant apo B allele containing a single nucleotide deletion in exon 26 (cDNA nucleotide 9327). This frameshift mutation is predicted to result in the synthesis of a truncated apo B containing 3,040 amino acids. Apo B67 is present in low levels in the plasma but is easily detectable within the very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein fractions. Examination of the proband's immediate family revealed seven normolipidemic subjects and seven subjects with hypobetalipoproteinemia. In the affected subjects, the mean total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 120 and 42 mg/dl, respectively. A significantly higher mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was found in the affected subjects (75 vs. 55 mg/dl). We hypothesize that the elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in subjects heterozygous for the apo B67 mutation may be metabolically linked to the low levels of apo B-containing lipoproteins in their plasma.
The Relationship Between Pernicious Anemia and Stomach Cancer.
Authors: Neil Hoffman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970The Relationship Between Pernicious Anemia and Stomach Cancer.Neil Hoffman, M.D.Neil Hoffman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-800_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPrevious studies have indicated an increased incidence of stomach cancer in patients with pernicious anemia. With recent epidemiological studies showing a decrease in the prevalence of stomach cancer in the general population, it was felt a prospective reevaluation of the incidence of stomach cancer and pernicious anemia was necessary. Eighty-one patients with pernicious anemia were followed for 7 years (1961 to 1968) with gastroscopic and radiographic examinations. Forty-eight cases were newly diagnosed, and 33 were in a clinical and hematologic relapse. The patients in relapse had been followed for an average of 10.7 years, and the average age of all... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Neil Hoffman, M.D.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySupported Catalysts 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5 Page: 800-800 Keywords Cancer epidemiology Gastroenterology and hepatology Pernicious anemia Stomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...