tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of nitroprusside and pinacidil on myocardial blood flow and infarct size in awake dogs with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: N Imai, C S Liang, C K Stone, S Sakamoto, W B Hood
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The effect of nitroprusside in limiting myocardial infarct was compared with that of pinacidil, a new antihypertensive agent with potent coronary vasodilator properties, in instrumented awake dogs subjected to 4 hr of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and 20 hr of reperfusion. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive intravenous normal saline, nitroprusside, or pinacidil beginning 40 min after the onset of coronary artery occlusion and continuing throughout the occlusion and the first hour of reperfusion. Nitroprusside and pinacidil were titrated to decrease mean aortic pressure by 25 mm Hg; normal saline had no effect on mean aortic pressure. Other systemic hemodynamic variables were not significantly altered by normal saline or nitroprusside, and myocardial blood flow did not change during normal saline infusion in normal and ischemic myocardium. In contrast, nitroprusside increased the blood flow and the endocardial/epicardial flow ratio in ischemic myocardium. This increase in ischemic myocardial blood flow was accompanied by a significant reduction in infarct size (40 +/- 3% of region at risk vs 58 +/- 4% in the normal saline group; p less than .05). Pinacidil increased heart rate, cardiac output, and the peak rate of rise of left ventricular pressure. Furthermore, despite causing a threefold to fourfold increase in normal myocardial blood flow, pinacidil had no effect on either blood flow to ischemic myocardium or infarct size (57 +/- 5%). The data indicate that the marked coronary vasodilator effect of pinacidil does not cause an increase in ischemic blood flow or a reduction in infarct size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Labial Adhesions in Sexually Abused Children
Authors: David Muram
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —Labial adhesions in prepubertal children are believed to be a rare finding. Among 1500 girls followed up for routine care for three years by Ben-Ami and colleagues,1labial adhesions developed in nine who were aged 3 years and younger. Huffman et al2consider girls aged 2 to 6 years most likely to be affected; however, others1,3-5have found the highest frequency to be among children younger than 2 years of age. Recently, a retrospective study showed that labial adhesions were more prevalent among prepubertal girls who were sexually abused.6  In 1985, the state of Tennessee passed into law a comprehensive child sexual abuse program (Public Chapter 145). Since the introduction of the law there has been a significant increase in the number of reports to the state's Child Protective Agency of children who have been victims of sexual abuse. Between October 1984 and
Introductory Lecture: Delivered at the Opening of the Manchester School of Medicine. October 8, 1841
Authors: J. L. Bardsley
Journal: BMJ (1841)

GENTLEMEN,-I appear before you, on this occasion, with no ordinary feelings of embar- rassment-an embarrassment, arising not only from the natural anxiety felt by every one in the discharge of a duty like the present, but also from a conviction of the difficulty of communicating anything like interest to a subject so entirely exhausted, as a review of the general qualifications and duties of a medical student; which review, of course, must at all times furnish the principal material for a lecture introductory to the com- mencement of a medical session.Having, how- ever, been requested by my colleagues to under- take the performance of this task, I have, from a sense of duty, waived any objections to it which I might otherwise have entertained.Many of you, gentlemen, who appear here this day, can hardly as yet be said to have commenced (properly speaking) your professional education.Your studies hitherto, I take it for granted, have been chiefly directed to literature, and to the natural sciences; and indeed, it is of the highest iinport- ance that this should have been the case, because, ivithout such a preliminary mental culture, it wvill be impossible for you properly to appreciate the various branches of mnedical science, and impossible also for youi to obtain that position in society so essential to your personal respectability, and to success in yrour profession.And here, gentlemen, may be the proper place for stating to you rvhat are my own sentiments respecting the amount of preliminary education suitable for those embarking in the pursuit of medicine.I candidly confess, gentlemen, for may own part, that I am not one of those wlho would fix the standard of this education so very high.It is necessary for us to take into account the actual circumstances of the great majority of those who do enter, or are likely hereafter to enter, our profession, when w e attempt to fix a rule of qualification that is to apply to all.We should not confound that which it is wvell for the student to know, with that which it is indispensable he should know.
Abstract 1948: Human papillomavirus enhances oral cancer stem cell phenotype by regulating microRNA-181
Authors: Sung Hee Hee Lee, Nicole Rigas, Chang-Ryul Lee, Jiho Han, Reuben Kim, Mo Kang, No-Hee Park, Ki-Hyuk Shin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract High-risk human papillomaviruses (e.g., HPV-16 and HPV-18) are closely associated with the development of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), including malignant lesions in the oral cavity. However, less is known about the possible role and the underlying mechanisms of HPV in enhancing cancer progression and promoting the virulence of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial role in cancer progression, metastasis and recurrence, and are epigenetically regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Recent studies demonstrated that miRNA expression is affected by HPV status in HNSCC, suggesting a possible role of HPV in epigenetic regulation of CSCs. In this study, we investigated the role of high-risk HPV on malignant and CSC phenotypes as well as epigenetic regulation in OSCC. Incorporation of HPV-16 whole genome into HPV-negative OSCCs resulted in enhancement of malignant phenotypes (e.g., increased anchorage independent growth, proliferation in organotypic epithelial raft culture, and tumorigenicity in nude mice) and CSC phenotypes (e.g., increased CSC-related markers, self-renewal, and migration/invasion). High-throughput miRNA expression analysis revealed that miRNA-181 family members were significantly underexpressed in the HPV16-harboring OSCCs. HPV-16 downregulated the promoter activity of miR-181a. Furthermore, restoration of miR-181 in the presence of HPV-16 suppressed CSC-like phenotype. Taken together our data indicate that high-risk HPV enhances stemness phenotypes in OSCC by epigenetic regulation of miR-181 expression. Citation Format: Sung Hee Hee Lee, Nicole Rigas, Chang-Ryul Lee, Jiho Han, Reuben Kim, Mo Kang, No-Hee Park, Ki-Hyuk Shin. Human papillomavirus enhances oral cancer stem cell phenotype by regulating microRNA-181. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1948. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1948
One Year's Experience in a Ministry of Health Dialysis Centre
Authors: J. R. E. Dathan, R. J. Frankel, F. J. Goodwin, F. P. Marsh, M. Murray, J. M. A. Thompson, G. R. Youngs
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A 10-bed dialysis unit, opened at the London Hospital in 1968, admitted 37 patients during its first year of operation. The aims of the unit were to prepare patients for renal transplantation and to provide instruction for dialysis treatment at home. A total of 2,012 days were spent in hospital, the average intervals between admission, the first dialysis, and discharge being 23·8 and 20 days, respectively. The overall number of readmissions was 1·5 per patient. These figures, together with the increasing number of patients accepted for such treatment, indicate the considerable number of supporting hospital beds, as well as medical and technical staff, required to maintain a dialysis unit.
An Unusual Case of Ectopic ACTH Syndrome Due to Primary Retroperitoneal Carcinoid
Authors: Rajeev Kasaliwal, Gaurav Malhotra, Anurag Lila, Tushar Bandgar, Nalini S. Shah
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 37-year-old woman with clinical and biochemical features of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome underwent 68Ga DOTANOC PET/CT to localize the source of ectopic ACTH secretion. The images showed 35 × 45-mm retroperitoneal mass with significantly increased tracer uptake. Plasma-free metanephrines and serum chromogranin levels were normal. Whole-body 131I-MIBG scan including the retroperitoneal mass did not show any abnormal uptake. On excision, histopathology of this paravertebral abdominal mass revealed carcinoid tumor. We suggest the use of 68Ga DOTANOC PET/CT as a first-line imaging modality for localization of source of ACTH secretion in ectopic ACTH syndrome.
Erroneous Primaquine Dose in "Tropical Diseases in North America" (Disease-A-Month)
Authors: NICHOLAS J. COTSONAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1984Erroneous Primaquine Dose in "Tropical Diseases in North America" (Disease-A-Month)NICHOLAS J. COTSONAS JR., M.D.NICHOLAS J. COTSONAS JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-2-284_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: On 31, May 1984, Myron G. Schultz, D.V.M., M.D., called attention to a potentially serious error of dosage appearing in an article in Disease-A-Month(1). In that letter, Dr. Schultz indicated that there was precedent for an appeal to the editors of several journals for publicizing the erratum. Dr. Guerrant has furnished the following correction for the pediatric dose of primaquine for malaria."In Table 5, 'Malaria Prophylaxis and Therapy,' on page 39, the pediatric dose of primaquine phosphate was printed in error as 5 mg/kg/day X 14 days. This is ten times the correct dose, which is...Reference1. PEARSONHEWLETTGUERRANT RER. Tropical diseases in North America. DM. 1984;30:1-68. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1984Volume 101, Issue 2Page: 284-284KeywordsMalariaPrimaquineProphylaxisTropical diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
PBC and the gut: the villi atrophy, the plot thickens
Authors: J NEUBERGER
Journal: Gut (1999)

See article on page 736 

An association between primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and coeliac disease now seems well established. Since the original description by Logan and colleagues,1 there have been several reports indicating an association and these have been strengthened by larger epidemiological studies.2-11 In this issue (see page 736), Sorensen and colleagues publish their analysis of the prevalence of PBC in two populations of patients with coeliac disease, and confirm the association with a standardised incidence ratio of PBC in patients with coeliac disease of about 26. That separate evaluation of the two populations, Danes and Swedes (two countries with very different prevalences of coeliac disease), gave similar incidence ratios is strong evidence for a real association. If for no other reason, this paper deserves widespread recognition because it highlights the clinical insights that come from accurate and complete national morbidity and mortality registers. We in the United Kingdom would do well to learn from the Scandinavian example.

Last year Kingham and Parker showed, in a well defined population in Swansea, South Wales, that the prevalence of PBC in those followed for coeliac disease was 3% and the prevalence of coeliac disease in those with PBC was 6%.11 In Northern Ireland, routine screening of 67 patients with PBC showed that 11% had IgA endomysial antibodies and of these, four agreed to have a duodenal biopsy which showed villous atrophy, giving a minimum prevalence rate of 7%.8These figures are considerably higher than those given by Sorensen et al who found 24 cases of PBC (0.3%) among 8631 coeliac patients followed in the Danish and Swedish populations. This 10-fold discrepancy between the Welsh and Scandinavian data may in part be due to real …
Patterns of Drug Use Among Marihuana Smokers
Authors: Albert S. Carlin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

One hundred and six male marihuana smokers were interviewed concerning their use of other drugs. Seventy-four percent admitted experimentation with psychedelic drugs and 6% experimented with heroin. Compared to earlier findings, use of psychedelic drugs seems to be growing, while use of heroin remains about the same.
Primary Care Utilization and Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Jeanne M. Ferrante, Ji-Hyun Lee, Ellen P. McCarthy, Kate J. Fisher, Ren Chen, Eduardo C. Gonzalez, Kymia Love-Jackson, Richard G. Roetzheim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Background: Utilization of primary care may decrease colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and death through greater receipt of CRC screening tests. Objective: To examine the association of primary care utilization with CRC incidence, CRC deaths, and all-cause mortality. Design: Population-based, case–control study. Setting: Medicare program. Participants: Persons aged 67 to 85 years diagnosed with CRC between 1994 and 2005 in U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) regions matched with control patients (n = 205 804 for CRC incidence, 54 160 for CRC mortality, and 121 070 for all-cause mortality). Measurements: Primary care visits in the 4- to 27-month period before CRC diagnosis, CRC incidence, CRC mortality, and all-cause mortality. Results: Compared with persons having 0 or 1 primary care visit, persons with 5 to 10 visits had lower CRC incidence (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.91 to 0.96]) and mortality (adjusted OR, 0.78 [CI, 0.75 to 0.82]) and lower all-cause mortality (adjusted OR, 0.79 [CI, 0.76 to 0.82]). Associations were stronger in patients with late-stage CRC diagnosis, distal lesions, and diagnosis in more recent years when there was greater Medicare screening coverage. Ever receipt of CRC screening and polypectomy mediated the association of primary care utilization with CRC incidence. Limitation: This study used administrative data, which made it difficult to identify potential confounders and prevented examination of the content of primary care visits. Conclusion: Medicare beneficiaries with higher utilization of primary care have lower CRC incidence and mortality and lower overall mortality. Increasing and promoting access to primary care in the United States for Medicare beneficiaries may help decrease the national burden of CRC. Primary Funding Source: American Cancer Society.
“Dry biopsies” with spraying of dilute epinephrine optimize biopsy mapping of long segment Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: J. Pohl, M. Nguyen-Tat, H. Manner, O. Pech, S. van Weyenberg, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de J. Pohl et al., pp. 883Endoscopy 2008; 40(11): 1057-1057DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306882
Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin-induced intravascular fibrin formation in meth A fibrosarcomas.
Authors: P Nawroth, D Handley, G Matsueda, R De Waal, H Gerlach, D Blohm, D Stern
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Recent studies have indicated that TNF can promote activation of the coagulation mechanism by modulating coagulant properties of endothelial cells. In this report, we demonstrate that infusion of low concentrations of TNF (3 micrograms/animal) into mice bearing meth A fibrosarcomas leads to localized fibrin deposition with formation of occlusive intravascular thrombi in close association with the endothelial cell surface. Studies with 125I-fibrinogen showed tenfold enhanced accumulation of radioactivity in tumor within 2 h after TNF infusion. Western blots of tumor extracts subjected to SDS-PAGE and visualized with a fibrin-specific mAb indicated that fibrin forms in the tumor after the TNF infusion. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated fibrin strands, based on the characteristic 21-nm periodicity, which appeared to be adherent to the endothelial cell surface. Further ultrastructural studies indicated that fibrin formation, first evident within 30 min of the TNF infusion, led to occlusive thrombi limited to the tumor vascular bed (i.e., not in the normal mouse vasculature) within 2 h and was associated with an 80% reduction in tumor perfusion based on studies with Evans blue. In view of previous work concerning TNF induction of endothelial cell procoagulant activity, the hypothesis that tumor cell products prime the response of endothelium to this cytokine was tested. Supernatants of cultured meth A fibrosarcomas obtained serum-free conditions, which had no intrinsic procoagulant activity, considerably enhanced tissue factor induction in endothelium in response to submaximal concentrations of TNF. The factor(s) in the tumor-conditioned medium appeared to be distinct from IL-1, fibroblast growth factor, IFN-gamma, TNF, endotoxin, TGF-alpha, and TGF-beta. These studies delineate a novel model of localized clot formation in which thrombosis is initiated by a pathophysiologic mediator, TNF, and provides an opportunity to examine mechanisms in the microenvironment directing clot formation to the tumor vascular bed.
Assessment of dermal glyceryl trinitrate and isosorbide dinitrate for patients with angina pectoris.
Authors: P J Hubner, P R Jones, I A Galer
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Dermal nitrate preparations are claimed to be useful in the treatment of angina, as their slow absorption by-passing the liver leads to a sustained action. Ten patients with angina were exercised on a treadmill after dermal application of 16.64 mg glyceryl trinitrate or 100 mg isosorbide dinitrate or placebo. Exercise duration was significantly increased at one and three hours for both nitrate preparations but not at six hours after application. The calculated workload achieved was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) at one and three hours for both preparations and at six hours (p less than 0.05) for isosorbide dinitrate. Headaches were common with glyceryl trinitrate cream. The dermal nitrate preparations studied had a duration of antianginal action similar to that of oral nitrate tablets. Aside from their value when the oral route cannot be used or absorption may be delayed, dermal nitrate preparations have no advantage over oral preparations for angina pectoris.
Anxieties and fears about plutonium.
Authors: R H Mole
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The first almost open-ended public inquiry into a planning application in this country is about the building of a plant to extract plutonium from used nuclear fuel. The Windscale Inquiry, sitting at Whitehaven under Mr Justice Parker, began in mid-June and seems unlikely to last less than four months. That is a measure of public, or at least political, anxieties about plutonium: the local planning authority had approved the application, but the Secretary of State for the Environment invoked his rarely used powers to set aside this approval. There had been intense lobbying from outside the area by anti nuclear and conservation groups of various persuasions.
Effects of fatigue, fiber length, and aminophylline on human diaphragm contractility.
Authors: A P Gauthier, S Yan, P Sliwinski, P T Macklem
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The clinical relevance of methylxanthines as therapeutic agents for improving diaphragmatic contractility is controversial. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the effect of aminophylline on the contractility of fresh and fatigued human diaphragm at different lung volumes, and therefore as a function of fiber length. The diaphragmatic contractility of normal subjects was assessed by measurements of transdiaphragmatic pressure changes (Pdi,T) in response to single, bilateral, supramaximal phrenic-nerve shocks during relaxation from total lung capacity (TLC) to functional residual capacity (FRC). Fatigue was induced by resistive breathing. Therapeutic levels of theophylline were reached in all subjects. Under fresh (i.e., nonfatigue) conditions, aminophylline significantly increased Pdi,T at lung volumes above 75% of the inspiratory capacity (IC). Fatigue in the absence of aminophylline caused a disproportionately greater reduction of Pdi,T at high than at low lung volume (J. Appl. Physiol. 1992; 72:1064), which was rapidly reversible with rest. With aminophylline, the disproportionate decrease in diaphragmatic contractility at short fiber lengths was not observed. Aminophylline potentiates diaphragmatic contractility to a proportionately greater extent at short than at long fiber lengths, under both fresh and fatigued conditions. We explain these findings by known effects of muscle shortening, fatigue, and methylxanthines on excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms.
Role of Chemotherapy
Authors: D. F. N. Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Except among the Chinese, malignant disease of the nasopharynx is a rare condition. However, several large series have reported an incidence rate in white populations of about 0.25% of all malignant tumors. Initial treatment is usually by radiotherapy, irrespective of the histology of the primary tumor, and results in a five-year cure rate of from 15% to 30%.<sup>54</sup>It is unlikely that the prognosis for neoplasms arising at this site will improve unless new modes of therapy are developed, since over 70% of patients present with cervical lymph node metastasis.<sup>5-4</sup>The anatomy of the region is complex, making surgical resection impracticable; bone erosion is a common finding on initial examination. Since at least 70% of all patients fail to respond to orthodox management,<sup>54</sup>I have been concerned with the possibilities of palliating these unfortunate patients; it is rarely appreciated that the natural expectation of life for "failed"
Melanoma Surveillance in “High-Risk” Individuals
Authors: Allan C. Halpern, Michael A. Marchetti, Ashfaq A. Marghoob
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

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