tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Three cases of familial hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Mirela Gramatovici, John M. Bennett, Jeffrey G. Hiscock, Kuljit S. Grewal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract In a 10‐year interval, a total of 12 cases of familial hairy cell leukemia have been published. They were noted in first degree relatives, mostly in men. In some instances, when the HLA type was performed, a specific HLA type was found in the studied family, but a different haplotype was seen in other families. It appeared that familial cases of hairy cell leukemia were not associated with a “specific HLA antigen” and other factor(s) such as environmental, or some kind of occupational exposure, were suggested to play a role in the familial occurrence of hairy cell leukemia. We add three more familial hairy cell leukemia cases which are different from other published cases, showing a female predominance. The HLA typing revealed interesting findings. The HLA type shared by case 1 and 3 was A2, A30/31(19), B27, Bw4, Bw6. From these, HLA A2, Bw4, and Bw6 were previously reported (Ward FT, Baker J, Krishnan J, Dow N, Kjobech CH: Cancer 65:319–321, 1990). Case 2, shared with the other two the antigen Bw6. Its specific HLA type was A3 and B7, the type previously reported in a family (Begley CG, Tait B, Crapper RM, Briggs RG, Brodie GN, Mackay IR: Leuk Res 11:1027–1028, 1987). Based on these observations, we may conclude that a “specific HLA type,” A2, Bw4, Bw6 and A3, B7 might have a role in the genetic predisposition for hairy cell leukemia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differing erythrocyte membrane skeletal protein defects in alpha and beta thalassemia.
Authors: E Shinar, E A Rachmilewitz, S E Lux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Thalassemic red cells show irregular morphology and maldistribution of glycoproteins and sialic acids. These changes are compatible with damage to the red cell membrane skeleton. To test this possibility, we systematically studied the interconnections of skeletal proteins in patients with a form of alpha thalassemia (HbH disease), in patients with beta thalassemia intermedia, and in normal individuals. Alpha- and beta-thalassemic spectrin functions normally in spectrin self-association, binding to normal inside-out vesicles (IOVs), and binding to actin in the presence and absence of normal protein 4.1. Binding of normal spectrin to beta: thalassemic IOVs is normal but alpha-thalassemic IOVs are defective and bind only half the normal amount of spectrin (66 +/- 5 vs. 120 +/- 16 micrograms spectrin dimer/mg IOV protein, respectively). A different defect is detected in beta thalassemia, in which protein 4.1 shows markedly reduced ability (48 +/- 7% of normal) to enhance the binding of normal spectrin to actin and a decreased ability to bind normal spectrin in a binary interaction, compared with normal protein 4.1 (24 +/- 1 and 43 +/- 1 micrograms protein 4.1/mg spectrin, respectively). As no quantitative deficiency of beta-thalassemic protein 4.1 is detected, we assume an acquired lesion is present, which affects about half of the protein 4.1 molecules. These findings indicate that specific, localized, yet different defects exist in the skeletal proteins of alpha- and beta-thalassemic red cells. The different molecular lesions imply that the mechanism of hemolysis and probably the interaction of unpaired globin chains with the membrane differs in the two diseases.
The First Case of Ebola Virus Disease Acquired outside Africa
Authors: J Manuel Parra, Octavio J Salmerón, María Velasco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: The current epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) remains essentially confined to West Africa.1 We present a case of transmission of the virus associated with the care of a patient who was transported from Sierra Leone to Spain on September 22, 2014. A 44-year-old female nurse assistant took care of the patient on one occasion on September 24, and after he died on September 25, she helped with burial of the body (Table 1).2,3 She had not traveled outside Spain or had any other recognizable potential exposure to the Ebola virus. On September 30, malaise and . . .
Australian campaign aims to stop visits from drug representatives
Authors: A. Coopes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Australian doctors and medical trainees are being urged to shun drug company representatives in a new grassroots pledge campaign criticised by the drug industry as potentially dangerous for patients and cautiously received by the nation’s leading doctors’ group.

The No Advertising Please initiative (http://noadvertisingplease.com.au) will formally launch on Saturday 11 October at the annual conference of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners in Adelaide. More than 100 signatories have already taken its pledge not to see drug company reps for the next 12 months, including several high profile medical academics.

The campaign’s founder, Justin Coleman, is hoping for a “culture shift” away from visits by drug representatives—the usual way for doctors to keep …
Mitral Regurgitation After Anteroapical Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chaim Yosefy, Ronen Beeri, J. Luis Guerrero, Mordehay Vaturi, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Mark D. Handschumacher, Robert A. Levine
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Mitral regurgitation (MR) generally accompanies inferobasal myocardial infarction (MI), with leaflet tethering by displaced papillary muscles. Mitral regurgitation is also reported with anteroapical MI without global dilatation or inferior wall motion abnormalities. We hypothesized that anteroapical MI extending to the inferior apex displaces the papillary muscles, tethering the mitral leaflets to cause MR.In the retrospective part of the study, consecutive anteroapical MI patients were studied. Moderate-severe MR occurred in 9% of 234 patients with only anteroapical MI versus 17% of 242 with inferoapical extension (P<0.001). Ejection fraction was only mildly different (41 ± 4% versus 46 ± 5%; P<0.01). In the human mechanistic portion of the study, 60 anteroapical MI patients (20 with only 2 apical segments involved and 40 with involvement of all 4 apical segments; 20 with MR and 20 without MR) were compared with 20 normal controls. Those with MR (≥ moderate) had higher systolic papillary muscle-to-annulus tethering length (P < 0.01). Mitral regurgitation grade correlated most strongly with tethering length (r = 0.70) and its diminished systolic shortening (r = -0.65). In the animal study, 9 sheep with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were analyzed. Four sheep that developed MR had inferoapical MI extension with tethering length increasing over 1.5 months (2.1 ± 0.4 to 2.9 ± 0.4 cm, P < 0.001) versus no significant increase in 5 sheep without MR (2.0 ± 0.4 to 2.1 ± 0.3 cm, P not statistically significant). In MR sheep, the normal decrease in tethering length from diastole to systole was eliminated (P < 0.01).Anteroapical MI with inferoapical extension can mechanically displace papillary muscles, causing MR despite the absence of basal and midinferior wall motion abnormalities. This suggests the possibility of repositioning treatments for this condition.
Not Always on the Level
Authors: David Tingle
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This is an autobiography of a British medical graduate who develops a manic-depressive illness. The author is the son of a north country general medical practitioner; he attended medical school in London, ultimately specializing in internal medicine (and taking an academic appointment in Canada). The idiom and terminology of most of the book are quite British, and, because of the differences in medical education, parts of the book will appear somewhat strange to the North American reader. It is quite authentic, however, and clearly reveals the trials, tribulations, and rewards of a physician struggling to make his way in post-World War II Britain. His descriptions of tuberculous meningitis in children and the use of picrotoxin in barbiturate poisoning are examples of this earlier medical era. Much of the book concerns the author's training and experiences, punctuated liberally with his views on various medical topics such as intensive care units. Only
The effect of outdoor fungal spore concentrations on daily asthma severity.
Authors: R J Delfino, R S Zeiger, J M Seltzer, D H Street, R M Matteucci, P R Anderson, P Koutrakis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The relationship between day-to-day changes in asthma severity and combined exposures to community air pollutants and aeroallergens remains to be clearly defined. We examined the effects of outdoor air pollutants, fungi, and pollen on asthma. Twenty-two asthmatics ages 9-46 years were followed for 8 weeks (9 May-3 July 1994) in a semirural Southern California community around the air inversion base elevation (1,200 ft). Daily diary responses included asthma symptom severity (6 levels), morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), and as-needed beta-agonist inhaler use. Exposures included 24-hr outdoor concentrations of fungi, pollen, and particulate matter with a diameter < 10 microns (PM10; maximum = 51 micrograms/m3) and 12-hour day-time personal ozone (O3) measurements (90th percentile = 38 ppb). Random effects longitudinal regression models controlled for autocorrelation and weather. Higher temperatures were strongly protective, probably due to air conditioning use and diminished indoor allergens during hot, dry periods. Controlling for weather, total fungal spore concentrations were associated with all outcomes: per minimum to 90th percentile increase of nearly 4,000 spores/m3, asthma symptom scores increased 0.36 (95% CI, 0.16-0.56), inhaler use increased 0.33 puffs (95% CI, -0.02-0.69), and evening PEFR decreased 12.1 l/min (95% CI, -1.8-22.3). These associations were greatly enhanced by examining certain fungal types (e.g., Alternaria, basidiospores, and hyphal fragments) and stratifying on 16 asthmatics allergic to tested deuteromycete fungi. There were no significant associations to low levels of pollen or O3, but inhaler use was associated with PM10 (0.15 inhaler puffs/10 micrograms/m3; p < 0.02). These findings suggest that exposure to fungal spores can adversely effect the daily respiratory status of some asthmatics.
Eradicating Helicobacter pylori in non-ulcer dyspepsia may not be cost effective
Authors: G. Formoso
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Finding that patients with dyspepsia gain modest benefits from eradication of Helicobacter pylori , Moayyedi et al conclude that this intervention “may be cost effective.”1 This conclusion should be taken with quite a bit of healthy scepticism. They say that one patient benefiting out of 15 treated with antibiotics may represent good value for money, depending on decision makers' willingness to pay for relief of dyspepsia. However, the risks associated with the antibiotic treatment are not taken into account in the economic model used.

The table …
STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF LATHYROGENIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: C. I. Levene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

The lathyrogenic effect of INAH in the chick embryo may be measured by the increase in the extractibility of collagen from the bones with 1 M NaCl. Incubation of these bones in vitro with carbonyl compounds diminishes the amount of extractible collagen; with D-L-glyceraldehyde the reversal of the INAH effect is complete. This reversal effect is dependent on the time and temperature of incubation and on the quantity of D-L-glyceraldehyde, but is independent of the pH of the incubating medium, the optical form of the glyceraldehyde, or the metabolism of the cells; this suggests that it depends on a simple chemical combination. D-L-glyceraldehyde also reverses completely the extractibility of collagen from the bones of embryos rendered lathyrogenic with BAPN, semicarbazide, and hydrazine hydrate. The hypothesis has been advanced "that lathyrogenic agents act by blocking carbonyl groups on the collagen molecule, thus preventing cross-linking essential to normal maturation; normal maturation may be restored by the addition of carbonyl groups which act by competing either for the lathyrogen or for functional sites on the collagen molecule." In support of this hypothesis, it has been shown that purified lathyritic guinea pig collagen takes up lesser amounts of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine—a compound which combines with carbonyl groups—than does normal collagen; it has been shown that lathyritic collagen still possesses the ability to form segment-long-spacing (SLS) collagen, but that these fibres are much thinner than normal; this is due perhaps to blockade of groups essential for lateral cross-linking of the tropocollagen unit. It has also been shown that normal, purified guinea pig collagen which has been pretreated with INAH, takes up lesser amounts of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and forms much thinner SLS fibres than the untreated controls.
Inflatable Splints and Pneumatic Plastic Boots
Authors: W. James Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am concerned about the article by Ginsberg et al (<i>JAMA</i><b>200</b>:180, 1967) emphasizing the risks inherent in the application of inflatable splints. These authors, however, employed a plastic boot, not an open-end splint. Their conclusions were based on theory and on the results of an indirect method of recording blood flow in five normal persons. There were no confirmatory laboratory studies. They overlooked the following articles demonstrating the usefulness and safety of circumferential pneumatic compression:<i>JAMA</i><b>162</b>:274, 1956;<i>JAMA</i><b>167</b>:985, 1958;<i>Cleveland Clin Quart</i><b>32</b>:1, 1965;<i>JAMA</i><b>196</b>:491, 1966; and<i>Surg Gynec Obstet</i><b>123</b>:792, 1966. When in 1952 I first began to apply the pneumatic splint, I also thought it would be dangerous to employ pressures in excess of capillary pressure. However, subsequent angiographic studies on the forelimb of the dog showed that some blood flow was maintained even when
Generics industry and doctors nervous over free trade deal
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The generic drug industry and doctors groups have warned that a proposed free trade agreement between Australia and the United States is likely to increase pressure on the Australian government's subsidised pharmaceutical benefits scheme.

Under the scheme, the Australian government subsidises approved prescription drugs andnegotiates discounted prices from the manufacturer. Patients pay what is often a nominal “co-payment” on a prescription and are able to receive the approved drugs far more cheaply than they otherwise would.

Supporters of the new trade agreement claim that it will make the pricing of drugs fairer. Alan Oxley, a lobbyist from the Australia-US Trade Agreement …
Predicting lymph node metastasis in pT1 colorectal cancer: a systematic review of risk factors providing rationale for therapy decisions
Authors: Steven Bosch, Steven Teerenstra, Johannes de Wilt, Chris Cunningham, Iris Nagtegaal
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> Population screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to increase the number of pT1 CRCs. Local excision is an attractive treatment option, but is only oncologically safe in the absence of lymph node metastasis (LNM). A systematic review of the predictive value of pathological risk factors for LNM in pT1 CRC was conducted to provide data for an evidence-based decision regarding follow-up or radical surgery after local excision. <b>Methods</b>: PubMed was searched for reports on predictors of LNM in pT1 CRC. Published papers written in English and containing at least 50 patients were included. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.1. <b>Results: </b>A total of 17 studies were included involving a total of 3621 patients with available nodal status. The strongest independent predictors of LNM were lymphatic invasion (relative risk [RR] 5.2, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 4.0 – 6.8), submucosal invasion ≥ 1 mm (RR 5.2, 95 %CI 1.8 – 15.4), budding (RR 5.1, 95 %CI 3.6 – 7.3), and poor histological differentiation (RR 4.8, 95 %CI 3.3 – 6.9). Limitations of the study were: results could not be stratified according to location in the colon or rectum; very early tumors removed by polypectomy without surgical resection were not included in the meta-analysis; and included studies were primarily from Asian countries and results therefore need to be verified in Western populations. <b>Conclusion: </b>The absence of lymphatic invasion, budding, submucosal invasion ≥ 1 mm, and poor histological differentiation were each associated with low risk of LNM. Risk stratification models integrating these factors need to be investigated further.
OBSERVATIONS ON MENTAL SYMPTOMS IN EYE PATCHED PATIENTS: HYPNAGOGIC SYMPTOMS IN SENSORY DEPRIVATION
Authors: EUGENE ZISKIND, HAROLD JONES, WILLIAM FILANTE, JACK GOLDBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

In our study we made 4 major observations. 1. The mental symptoms of patients whose eyes were patched bilaterally were found in a higher incidence than hitherto reported, particularly in patients with detachment of the retina. 2. We identified a new symptom—non-compliance to instructions. 3. Non-compliance occurred most frequently in our patients during sleep or on awakening, as did also pseudo-hallucinations. 4. Surgical complications were greater in those patients undergoing cataract extraction, who developed mental symptoms during the period of bilateral patching of the eyes as compared to those without mental symptoms. The coincidence of sensory deprivation and hypnagogic or other periods of reduced awareness may contribute to an understanding of the sensory deprivation effects. More work needs to be done. It would seem imperative to ascertain to what extent periods of reduced awareness occur with the daytime symptoms of our sensory deprivation situation and that in other sensory deprivation experiments. The higher mental functions of inhibitory control, discriminative logic, and both vigilance and tenacity of attention are impaired during periods of reduced awareness. The delirioid symptoms which became manifest in our patients who had brain damage in addition to their eye disease are probably also precipitated more readily at times of reduced alertness.
Pertussis: what percentage of children can we immunise?
Authors: D M Jelley, A G Nicoll
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The immunisation records of 584 children who were born between 1978 and 1982, in a general practice of average social class distribution, were examined: 3.5% of the children would have been excluded from starting a course of vaccination including pertussis using contra-indications established by the Department of Health and Social Security. A further 3.5% had reactions to immunisation that were judged severe enough to prevent completing the course of vaccination. In 1981 and 1982 13% of parents refused pertussis vaccination, considerably fewer than from 1978 to 80. Concomitantly, immunisation against pertussis rose from 51% to 84% over the five year period. Given the incidence of contra-indications and the level of parental refusal, it is concluded that a pertussis uptake of 80% would be a reasonable target for any population.
Ventricle or Pericardial Space?
Authors: TSUNG O. CHENG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1973Ventricle or Pericardial Space?TSUNG O. CHENG, M.D., F.A.C.P.TSUNG O. CHENG, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-3-461_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest Stone and Martin's article, "Bloody Pericardial Fluid or Intracardiac Blood? A Method for Quick and Accurate Differentiation," in the October issue (pp. 592-594). Although I agree with the authors in that the conventionally recommended methods of measuring simultaneous hematocrit values, inspecting for clot formation, or measuring the fluid pressure do not provide a quick and sensitive method of differentiation, their use of indocyanine green dye, an ear densitometer, and a strip chart recorder—a small cardiac catheterization laboratory—could hardly be called a simple bedside test.For the past 20 years I have always included... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine George Washington University Medical Center Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPericardiocentesisWhat To Do When Bloody Fluid Is Obtained on Pericardiocentesis?Editorial comment: How to avoid cardiac tamponade during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplastyLetter to the editor 1 March 1973Volume 78, Issue 3Page: 461-461KeywordsBloodCatheterizationChartsHematocritPericardium Issue Published: 1 March 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Action of Suxamethonium on Ptosis Due to Thrid-nerve Palsy
Authors: M. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Preliminary Communications MEDICALJOUBRNAL excretion of oestrone but to a much less degree than was seen in the subjects with polycystic ovaries.Two typical results are shown in Figs. 2 and3.All patients in this group had a basal oestrone excretion of less than 4 ,tg./24hours.After stimula- tion the range observed on the seventh and eighth days was between 8 and 14 fig./24hours.
Fibrinolytic Activity in Patients During Operation
Authors: Josephine Pison
Journal: JAMA (1965)

COAGULATION in vivo is a dynamic process; the concurrent formation and lysis of clots maintains the blood fluid. Human plasma contains an inactive proteolytic enzyme precursor called plasminogen. 1,2 When it is activated by the various kinases, plasmin (fibrinolysin) is formed. Plasmin acts upon fibrin, fibrinogen, plasma factors V and VII, and produces soluble split products, thus affecting the formation or the already formed blood clots. There are two inhibitors in the plasminogen system: one is activator inhibitor and the other is antiplasmin. Normally the activators and the inhibitors are in a state of equilibrium, preventing the generation of abnormal fibrinolytic activity. This equilibrium may be disrupted temporarily by liberation of plasminogen activators as in anoxia, shock, surgical trauma, anxiety, etc, 1-3 and the ensuing increase in fibrinolytic activity can interfere with the hemostatic process. 4   The purpose of this investigation is to establish the relationship between fibrinolytic activity and
New England Regional Newborn Screening Program
Authors: Ann J. E. Bennett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

In a move that some health workers may consider long overdue, centralization of public-health laboratory functions has finally begun to emerge in newborn screening programs.1 Since 1975 Alaska, Montana and Oregon have participated in such a program. Although it appears that the unique benefits of a regional approach to newborn screening more than offset the traditional concerns of surrender of program control, the consolidation of public-health laboratory screening programs in New England had been inhibited by the difficulties of interstate transfer of funds. In January, 1976, the award of a federal grant (Job Opportunities Program, Title X, Economic Developmental Act, . . .