tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P195 Outcomes in emergency admissions with lung cancer: a 1-year perspective from a teaching hospital
Authors: H. K. Morgan, L. Hodgson, E. Baldock, S. R. Doffman
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Nationally it is known that 23% of all cancers present as emergencies.1 Baseline data for all cancer-related admissions for 2008/2009 in the Trust demonstrated that patients with lung cancer had both the highest rate of unscheduled admissions and the greatest number of inpatient bed days compared with other cancer sites. In 2010, there were 220 new cases of lung cancer diagnosed across the Trust. We reviewed the records of all patients admitted to the Trust with a coded diagnosis of lung cancer retrospectively. This did not include those patients seen in A&amp;E and discharged. Cases were recorded as known (diagnosed prior to that admission and known to the service), or new (diagnosed on or as a result of that admission). <h3>Results</h3> In 2010 there were 110 admissions overall with lung cancer. 34 patients (16.4%) had their lung cancer diagnosed as a consequence of that admission. 26/34 (76%) presented on the general medical take; the remainder to Care of the Elderly team as they were ≥80. At diagnosis, the majority were ECOG performance status 3/4, thereby precluding any active cancer treatment. 29 patients (85%) were diagnosed with metastatic disease at presentation. One quarter of those diagnosed on that admission died, with a median survival of 8 days. The mortality at 30 days was 50%; 23/34 (68%) had died within 6 months of the admission. Only two patients (6%) survived 1 year. Access to specialist palliative care and palliative treatments such as radiotherapy/chemotherapy/stent insertion was good. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients diagnosed on an acute admission with lung cancer generally present with advanced disease and poor performance status. Treatment options are limited and the overall survival is very poor. This leaves little time for patients and their families to come to terms with their condition and affects where patients may die. This data has been used to inform local awareness projects in both the primary and secondary care community. As a result, a novel rapid access clinic has been established for newly presenting patients to enable swift diagnosis and where possible an alternative to admission.
Acute Brucellosis Treated with Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole
Authors: S. Lal, K. K. Modawal, A. S. E. Fowle, B. Peach, R. D. Popham
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Four patients with acute brucellosis are described, none of whom had any connexion with farming or milk industry, the source of infection being different in each case. The diagnosis was made by serological tests, and in three of the four cases was confirmed by positive cultures from bone marrow (one case) and liver biopsy (two cases). Treatment with the combination of trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole was successful in three out of four cases, and in the fourth case failure may have been due to the development of trimethoprim resistance.
Teardrop‐shaped red cells in autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Deborah L. Farolino, Pradip K. Rustagi, Mark S. Currie, Thomas D. Doeblin, Gerald L. Logue
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract The presence of teardrop‐shaped red cells in peripheral blood has traditionally been felt to reflect altered marrow architecture, namely myelofibrosis. We evaluated two patients with splenomegaly, moderately severe hemolytic anemia due to warm‐reactive IgG anti‐red cell autoantibody, and bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia without myelofibrosis. A striking predominance of teardrop‐shaped red cells was noted upon examination of their blood films. Removal of a spleen containing extramedullary hematopoiesis in one and resolution of splenomegaly in the other were accompanied by disappearance of these cells. Our observations support a role for the spleen and for extramedullary hematopoiesis in the pathogenesis of this distinctive red cell morphologic abnormality.
A NOVEL NECROSIS INHIBITOR REDUCE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY THROUGH INHIBITION OF MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION PORE OPENING
Authors: Hak Seung Lee, In-Chang Hwang, Hyun-Jai Cho, Ju-Young Kim, Soon Ha Kim, Hyun-Jae Kang, Young-Bae Park, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Optimum AT1 receptor-neprilysin inhibition has superior cardioprotective effects compared with AT1 receptor blockade alone in hypertensive rats
Authors: Lodi C.W. Roksnoer, Richard van Veghel, René de Vries, Ingrid M. Garrelds, Usha M. Bhaggoe, Edith C.H. Friesema, Frank P.J. Leijten, Marko Poglitsch, Oliver Domenig, Marian C. Clahsen-van Groningen, Ewout J. Hoorn, A.H. Jan Danser, Wendy W. Batenburg
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Reduced-Calorie Dietary Weight Loss, Exercise, and Sex Hormones in Postmenopausal Women: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kristin L. Campbell, Karen E. Foster-Schubert, Catherine M. Alfano, Chia-Chi Wang, Ching-Yun Wang, Catherine R. Duggan, Caitlin Mason, Ikuyo Imayama, Angela Kong, Liren Xiao, Carolyn E. Bain, George L. Blackburn, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Anne McTiernan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Estrogens and androgens are elevated in obesity and associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but the effect of weight loss on these biomarkers is unknown. We evaluated the individual and combined effects of a reduced-calorie weight loss diet and exercise on serum sex hormones in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.We conducted a single-blind, 12-month, randomized controlled trial from 2005 to 2009. Participants (age 50 to 75 years; body mass index > 25.0 kg/m(2), exercising < 100 minutes/wk) were randomly assigned using a computer-generated sequence to (1) reduced-calorie weight loss diet ("diet"; n = 118), (2) moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise ("exercise"; n = 117), (3) combined reduced-calorie weight loss diet and moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise ("diet + exercise"; n = 117), or (4) control (n = 87). Outcomes were estrone concentration (primary) and estradiol, free estradiol, total testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations (secondary).Mean age and body mass index were 58 years and 30.9 kg/m(2), respectively. Compared with controls, estrone decreased 9.6% (P = .001) with diet, 5.5% (P = .01) with exercise, and 11.1% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Estradiol decreased 16.2% (P < .001) with diet, 4.9% (P = .10) with exercise, and 20.3% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. SHBG increased 22.4% (P < .001) with diet and 25.8% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Free estradiol decreased 21.4% (P < .001) with diet and 26.0% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Free testosterone decreased 10.0% (P < .001) with diet and 15.6% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Greater weight loss produced stronger effects on estrogens and SHBG.Weight loss significantly lowered serum estrogens and free testosterone, supporting weight loss for risk reduction through lowering exposure to breast cancer biomarkers.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk-Reply
Authors: Janet L. Stanford
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The observation that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in thin women was supported by our recent study as well as some other investigations. However, we believe that Table 1 and the summary estimate provided by Dr Harris and colleagues may be misleading. The categories of menopausal estrogen use and BMI for which data have been presented differ from study to study, limiting the ability to interpret these data. We have analyzed our own data to illustrate how the relative odds of breast cancer varies across different categories of estrogen use and BMI (Table 3). These data show how dissimilar results may be, depending on the way in which each variable is defined. In addition, it could be that body weight is more important than BMI in assessing risks related to the dose of estrogen a woman receives. However, our
Alterations in Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1α and Regulator of G Protein Signaling 4 in the Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia
Authors: David W. Volk, Stephen M. Eggan, David A. Lewis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Certain cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia have been linked to disturbed gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurotrans-mission in the prefrontal cortex. Thus, it is important to understand how the mechanisms that regulate GABA and glutamate neurotransmission are altered in schizophrenia. For example, group I metabo-tropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1α, mGluR5) modulate both GABA and gluta-mate systems. In addition, regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) reduces intra-cellular signaling through several different G protein-coupled receptors, including group I mGluRs. Finally, the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in regulating GABA and glutamate neurotrans-mission. The status of endocannabinoid ligands, such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol, can be inferred in part through measures of diacylglycerol lipase and monoglyceride lipase, which synthesize and degrade 2-arachidonoylglycerol, respectively.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mRNA levels for group I mGluRs, RGS4, and markers of the endocannabinoid system in the prefrontal cortex Brodmann's area 9 of 42 schizophrenia subjects and matched normal comparison subjects. Similar analyses in monkeys chronically exposed to haloperidol, olanzapine, or placebo were also conducted.Schizophrenia subjects had higher mRNA levels for mGluR1α and lower mRNA levels for RGS4, and these differences did not appear to be attributable to antipsychotic medications or other potential confounds. In contrast, no differences between subject groups were found in mRNA levels for endocannabinoid synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes.Together, higher mGluR1α and lower RGS4 mRNA levels may represent a disturbed "molecular hub" in schizophrenia that may disrupt the function of prefrontal cortical networks, including both GABA and glutamate systems.
Abstract 5338: Intramural Activation Patterns During Human Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Krishnakumar Nair, kwaku poku, Stephane Masse, Talha Farid, Elias Sevaptidis, John Asta, Karthikeyan Umapathy, Elnaz Shokrollahi, Vivek Rao, Heather Ross, Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Family compensated for death after illegible prescription
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A Texas jury has attributed the death of a 42 year old patient to an illegible prescription and has ordered the doctor who wrote it to pay $225000 (£140625) compensation to the patient's family. The total judgment of $450000 included an equal award against the dispensing pharmacist.

The doctor, cardiologist Dr Ramachandra Kolluru, wrote …
Manpower Issues and Subspecialists
Authors: VALERY A. PORTNOI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1979Manpower Issues and SubspecialistsVALERY A. PORTNOI, M.D.VALERY A. PORTNOI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-724_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with great interest the statement of the Federated Council for Internal Medicine on manpower in the January issue (1). The statement is an appropriate answer for the social needs of the public since it clearly supports the present tendency to increase the number of primary care physicians. I was disturbed, however, with what could be interpreted as an attempt to encourage subspecialists to assume the role of primary care providers, especially for the aging population.Multiple disorders indeed frequently occur simultaneously in late life, but this even more heavily underscores the importance of the skilled...References1. : Federated Council for Internal Medicine statement on manpower. Ann Intern Med 90:108-109, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LIBOW L: A geriatric medical residency program. A four-year experience. Ann Intern Med 85:641-647, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: George Washington University Medical Center Washington, D.C. 20037 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1979Volume 90, Issue 4Page: 724-724KeywordsAgingPrimary care physiciansSub-specialty care ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Complete genome sequence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from a patient with fulminant hepatitis without precore and core promoter mutations: comparison with HBV from a patient with acute hepatitis infected from the same infectious source
Authors: Yan Chen, Kojiro Michitaka, Hiroshi Matsubara, Kazuhisa Yamamoto, Norio Horiike, Morikazu Onji
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Cyril John Elmes Monk
Authors: R. Owen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Cyril John Elmes Monk (“John”) received his early schooling at the Christian Brothers’ College in Boksburg, South Africa. On leaving school he worked in the family business, then arrived in Britain to start an acting career but soon found his vocation in medicine. Following qualification in Johannesburg, having won prizes in anatomy and surgery, he returned to the …
Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Report of the US Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Patricia Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Prevention It has been predicted that physicians of the 21st century will be judged not so much by their ability to cure disease as by their ability to prevent disease.<sup>1</sup>Intervening in the absence of signs or symptoms of disease, however, is a troubling conundrum for the profession that aspires above all else to do no harm, as any clinician knows who has had to tell a healthy woman that her mammogram was "not normal." At times, knowing the benefit-risk ratio for a preventive intervention would seem to require the knowledge of a soothsayer. What clinicians use, instead, is the science of clinical epidemiology. The second edition of the<i>Guide to Clinical Preventive Services</i>is a handy compendium of this science as applied to clinical preventive medicine in 1996. The first edition,<sup>2</sup>published in 1989, was a landmark work, evaluating 169 preventive interventions and grading each on the
Regulation of ige antibody production by serum molecules. III. Induction of suppressive activity by allogeneic lymphoid cell interactions and suppression of IgE synthesis by the allogeneic effect
Authors: DH Katz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Antibody responses of the IgE class are, like other immunoglobulin classes, regulated by a finely-tuned network of complex cellular and molecular interactions (1). Previous studies conducted in our laboratory (2, 3) have provided new insights into the differences in control mechanisms that result in individuals manifesting either the high (allergic) or low (nonallergic) IgE responder phenotype. These experiments have shown that certain manipulations (i.e. low dose X-irradiation) convert normally low responder mice to high IgE responders, apparently by diminishing a suppressor T-cell mechanism which normally dampens, rather selectively, IgE antibody production in such individuals. Similar findings have been made by Watanabe et al. (4). Recently, we have been studying the types of manipulations that could reverse the high IgE responsive state back to a low one. These studies (2, 3, 5, 6) have demonstrated that the high IgE responses induced in low responder mice can be substantially diminished, and even abolished, by passively transfusing serum or ascetic fluid from donor mice previously inoculated with mycobacterial-containing complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Because the suppressive activity of CFA-immune serum or ascitic fluid is so highly selective for IgE antibody production, we have recently termed these serum substances suppressive factors of allergy (SFA) (2, 3). The present study was undertaken to determine whether alternative means, particularly those that avoid administration of CFA, could be devised for the induction of SFA. Herein, we report the effectiveness of allogeneic lymphoid cell interactions in inducing SFA, both in vivo and in vitro, as well as the potent suppressive effects of an in vivo allogeneic effect on irradiation enhanced IgE antibody production in low responder mice.
Chemical consequences Environmental mutagens, scientist activism, and the rise of genetic toxicology
Authors: Jane S. Allen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

sand.I find it worrisome that there is currently a major move afoot to weld these two inimical worlds.In this regard, I was surprised at the difference between the views of a natural philosopher and those of scientists I know on contemporary evolutionism and evolutionists.Abigail Lustig, in her chapter on natural athe-ology, actually suggests that most modern evolutionists may be "quiet theists of one kind or other."The unlikelihood of this notion is documented in a recent poll in which the overwhelming majority of prominent evolutionists reported themselves to be godless.Lustig ends her chapter with a flung gauntlet of sorts: "The a priori belief in human exceptionalism provides one of the strongest, if unstated, criteria for judging the plausibility of evolutionary narratives.If we are no longer made in God's image, then in whose can we cast ourselves?In Darwin's?"Lustig misses the main point: the evolutionist doesn't feel the need to cast himself in any image.That's what evolution is all about.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in obstetrics: new complexities and sites of action
Authors: A Caruso
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

The antiphospholipid syndrome, the cause of which remains unknown, is characterized by severe pregnancy complications. Fetal losses have been attributed to thrombosis of the uteroplacental vasculature and placental infarction. Polyclonal and monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies seem able to recognize a 'plasma cofactor' on the endothelial and trophoblast cell surfaces and to affect cell function, inducing a procoagulant state. Although thrombosis is observed frequently in the decidua and placentas of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, this observation was not universal, nor present in a sufficient degree to account for the pregnancy loss associated with this syndrome. Recent observations have suggested that antiphospholipid antibodies decreased placental hormone production and trophoblast intercellular fusion and invasion, suggesting that many of the obstetric complications observed in the syndrome may be due to antiphospholipid antibody-induced trophoblast dysfunction. However, the complex antigens on the trophoblast surfaces are still to be characterized and correlated with clinical manifestation. It is clear that successful pregnancies with the syndrome are more likely to occur after maternal treatment. Although prednisone may still be needed to treat manifestations associated with autoimmune disorders, the use of heparin, together with low-dose aspirin, has replaced prednisone for treatment of pregnant women. Maternal treatment and careful monitoring of fetal well-being are mandatory in the management of these high-risk pregnancies. Keywords:antiphospholipid syndrome/fetal loss/phospholipid antibodies/placental thrombosis/trophoblast invasiveness
Serum cholesterol concentration and risk of brain cancer
Authors: L. J Herrinton, G. D Friedman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Two recent epidemiological studies have reported a positive relation between cholesterol concentration and brain cancer. In one cholesterol concentration was measured at the time of diagnosis,1 and in the other mortality was observed five or more years after the measurement.2 In both studies brain cancer could have influenced cholesterol concentration. The Kaiser Permanente medical care programme obtained serum cholesterol measurements in roughly 160000 members as part of multiphasic health examinations conducted during 1964–72. We examined the risk of developing malignant brain cancer five or more years after the cholesterol measurement to evaluate further their relation.

The participants were members of the Northern California programme who were aged 15 years and over and had completed a multiphasic health examination during 1964–72.3 Follow up began five years after the date of the cholesterol measurement, so …
Incidental Finding of Anterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma on 18F-Fluoride PET/CT
Authors: Samara Riguete Zacchi, Paulo Schiavon Duarte, George Barberio Coura Filho, Marcelo Tatit Sapienza, Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The association of breast carcinoma and meningioma has been described. We report a case of anterior cranial fossa meningioma in a woman with breast cancer detected by (18)F-fluoride PET/CT. The whole-body (18)F-fluoride PET images demonstrate an intense intracranial focal radiotracer accumulation in the skull base. Simultaneous CT showed a corresponding calcified space-occupying lesion consistent with meningioma. Follow-up CT image obtained 8 months later demonstrated the persistence and stable appearance of the lesion.
Losartan vs Candesartan for Heart Failure—Reply
Authors: Henrik Svanström, Björn Pasternak, Anders Hviid
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Studies on the Rheumatoid and Related Serum Factors
Authors: Felix Milgrom
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Waaler 1 and Rose and co-workers 2 made the puzzling observation that the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis agglutinated sheep red cells sensitized by subagglutinating doses of rabbit anti-sheep hemolysin. Although this mystery has not been completely elucidated as yet, great progress has been made.  The rheumatoid factor (for reference see Ziff, 3 Vaughan, 4 and Franklin and collaborators 5 ) has been found to react with gamma globulins of various species, including man. This has been demonstrated by various serological procedures, including agglutination of sensitized red blood cells, agglutination of tanned and coated erythrocytes, latex fixation, and precipitation. According to Franklin and colleagues, 6 the rheumatoid factor is a gamma globulin of high molecular weight.  A somewhat similar factor was described in the sera of patients with various diseases, as well as those of apparently normal human beings. 7 This factor reacted only with red blood cells sensitized by