tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Homocysteine Enhances Neutrophil-Endothelial Interactions in Both Cultured Human Cells and Rats In Vivo
Authors: Nicholas P. B. Dudman, Suzanna E. Temple, Xue Wei Guo, Weiyu Fu, Michael A. Perry
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Despite intense investigation, mechanisms linking the development of occlusive vascular disease with elevated levels of homocysteine (HCY) are still unclear. The vascular endothelium plays a key role in regulating thrombogenesis and thrombolysis. We hypothesized that vascular lesions in individuals with elevated plasma HCY may be related to a dysfunction of the endothelium triggered by HCY. We investigated the effect of HCY on human neutrophil adhesion to and migration through endothelial monolayers. We also examined the effect of HCY on leukocyte adhesion and migration in mesenteric venules of anesthetized rats. We found that pathophysiological concentrations of HCY in vitro induce increased adhesion between neutrophils and endothelial cells. This contact results in neutrophil migration across the endothelial layer, with concurrent damage and detachment of endothelial cells. In vivo, HCY infused in anesthetized rats caused parallel effects, increasing leukocyte adhesion to and extravasation from mesenteric venules. Our results suggest that extracellular H 2 O 2 , generated by adherent neutrophils and/or endothelial cells, is involved in the in vitro endothelial cell damage. The possibility exists that leukocyte-mediated changes in endothelial integrity and function may lead to the vascular disease seen in individuals with elevated plasma HCY.
Ginevra: Turned Left or Right? Leonardo: Straight or Gay?-Reply
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  Leonardo posed Ginevra with her torso turned 45 degrees to her left. The five young men in her alcove are turned the opposite way.  The charges of pederasty were dropped, but there is no doubt that Leonardo was homosexual. Throughout his life, he surrounded himself with beautiful young men. He abjured the company of women; he wrote of them with disparagement and of their anatomy with loathing. With this in mind, I find it strange that his portraits are of women only.  I suspect that Dr Tolone paints too bleak a picture of the lot of homosexuals in the Renaissance. Attitudes of the intelligentsia seem to have been what they are in the United States today. Many practiced, and most were permissive. The church, then as now, was against the practice.
Management of the Pregnant Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: JOHN G. KELTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Infants born to pregnant women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura can develop thrombocytopenia, because the antiplatelet antibody that causes the illness can cross the placenta. The impact of this disease on pregnancy has been studied by analyzing case reports, but this method can give inaccurate estimates. In this report, we summarize the results of three prospective studies and one study of consecutive patients, and show that the risk for mother and fetus is lower than has been suggested. Maternal platelet count does not predict whether an infant will have thrombocytopenia but maternal platelet antibody level may be predictive. Corticosteroid therapy in the mother to raise the fetal platelet count, and measurement of the fetal scalp platelet count after elective amniotomy at term with delivery of the thrombocytopenic infants by cesarean section are two recommended approaches. Whether either approach has a significant impact on infant mortality is uncertain, because most fetal deaths occur early in pregnancy. Understanding the reasons for these fetal deaths might allow more effective treatment.
Abstract 1130: API 31510 induced shift in mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells is characterized by increased mitochondrial efficiency and induction of apoptosis
Authors: Enxuan Jing, Vivek Vishnudas, Joaquin J. Jimnenez, Niven R. Narain, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract API 31510 is an ubidecarenone-based small molecule currently in late stage clinical development for skin cancers and early stage for solid tumors. Mechanism of action studies demonstrate that there is induced metabolic shift that occurs via modulation of the pentose phosphate shunt. The current study focused on delineating further insight into the relationship of mitochondrial metabolism and API 31510 induced apoptosis on different cancer cell lines. Use of Berg Interrogative Biology™ Platform of high thorough-put “omic” data demonstrated presence of coordinated alterations on gene expression and substrate metabolism in the cells in response to treatment with API 31510. Detection of apoptotic responses in different cancer cell lines revealed a significant elevation of different markers such as Bcl2, BcL-xL, BIRC3, and GADD45. Hence, the treatment induced significant increases in the intrinsic apoptosis networks in pancreatic (PaCa-2), breast (SKBr3), and liver (Hep3B) cancer cell lines. Furthermore, treatment with API 31510 is associated with increase in the ATP/oxygen consumption rate (OCR) ratios, suggesting increased mitochondrial efficiency in API 31510 treated cancer cells. Conversely, in normal fibroblasts, aortic smooth muscle, cardiomyocytes, and liver cells, the cells exhibited a more homeostatic phenotype and were not adversely affected by administration of API 31510. This observation suggests that the oncogenic phenotype secondary to mitochondrial dysfunction alters the metabolic machinery in a manner that confers an evasion of intrinsic apoptotic potential in cancer. Increased ATP/OCR is accompanied by altered intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cancer cell lines. Taken together, the data suggest that the data demonstrate that treatment with API 31510 is associated with induction of significantly increased cell death triggered by increased mitochondrial efficiency, altered ROS and apoptosis activation in cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1130. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1130
Paraganglioma Syndrome and Mutations of the SDHC Gene
Authors: S. Niemann
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical relevance of the antibacterial activity of terbinafine:A contralateral comparison between 1% terbinafine cream and 0.1% gentamicin sulphate cream in pyoderma
Authors: S. NOLTING, M. BRAUTIGAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The antibacterial efficacy of 1% terbinafine cream and 0.1% gentamicin sulphate cream was evaluated in 33 patients with superficial staphylococcal pyoderma in a double‐blind contralateral comparison. After 12 days of active treatment. Staphylococcus aureus could be grown from only one out of 33 patients using terbinafine vs no patient using gentamicin. At the end of the study, a marked improvement in clinical symptoms was observed with no significant difference between the two therapies. Despite reviewing the patients three times during the course of the study, no adverse events were reported. The results of this study demonstrate that terbinafine has clinically relevant antibacterial properties which may be useful not only in pyoderma, but also in mixed fungal/bacterial infections, such as athlete's foot.
Lidocaine and Atrial Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: JOHN B. KOSTIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 June 1976Lidocaine and Atrial TachyarrhythmiasJOHN B. KOSTIS, M.D.JOHN B. KOSTIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-6-757_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the report (Ann Intern Med 84:44-45, 1976) by Josephson, Kaster, and Kitchen on the use of lidocaine to slow the ventricular rate in a patient with atrial fibrillation and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Dye (1) has reported conversion of atrial tachyarrhythmia with lidocaine in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In both situations the effect of lidocaine may be attributed to depression of the accessory pathway.Lidocaine is generally considered ineffective in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias. However, the effects of lidocaine on canine and rabbit atrial tissue are similar to those observed in ventricular tissue, although...References1. DYE C: Atrial tachycardia in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Conversion to normal sinus rhythm with lidocaine. Am J Cardiol 24:265-268, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MANDELBIGGER WT: Electrophysiologic effects of lidocaine on isolated canine and rabbit atrial tissue. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 178:81-93, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. KOSTISGOODKINDKUO JMP: Unpublished observations Google Scholar4. MALACHKOSTISFISCHETTI MJJ: Lidocaine for ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med Sci 257: 52, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Raritan Valley Hospital 275 Greenbrook Road Greenbrook, NJ 08812 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1976Volume 84, Issue 6Page: 757-757KeywordsArrhythmiaAtrial fibrillationRabbitsTachycardia Issue Published: 1 June 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Evaluation of Active Compression-Decompression CPR in Victims of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Keith G. Lurie, Jeffrey J. Shultz, Michael L. Callaham, Theresa M. Schwab, Terry Gisch, Thomas Rector, Ralph J. Frascone, Linda Long
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Active compression-decompression (ACD) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) appears to improve ventilation and coronary perfusion when compared with standard CPR. The objective was to evaluate potential benefits of this new CPR technique in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in St Paul, Minn. <h3>Design.</h3> —Ten-month, prospective, randomized parallel-group design. <h3>Setting.</h3> —St Paul, Minn, population 270000. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All normothermic victims of nontraumatic cardiac arrest older than 8 years who received CPR. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Return of spontaneous circulation, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), return of baseline neurological function (alert and oriented to person, place, and time), survival to hospital discharge, survival to hospital discharge with return of baseline neurological function, and complications. <h3>Results.</h3> —Seventy-seven patients received standard CPR and 53 patients received ACD CPR. The mean emergency medical services call response interval was less than 3.5 minutes. When all patients were considered, a higher percentage of ACD CPR patients had a return of spontaneous circulation and were admitted to the ICU vs standard CPR (45% vs 31%, and 40% vs 26%, respectively), but these trends were not statistically significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.10 and<i>P</i>&lt;.10). No statistically significant differences were found between hospital discharge rates (12[23%] of 53 for ACD CPR vs 13 [17%] of 77 for standard CPR), return to baseline neurological function (10 [19%] of 53 for ACD CPR vs 13 [17%] of 77 for standard CPR), or return to baseline neurological function at hospital discharge (nine [17%] of 53 for ACD CPR vs 12 [16%] of 77 for standard CPR). Return of spontaneous circulation, ICU admission, and neurological recovery in both CPR groups were highly correlated with downtime (time from collapse to emergency medical system personnel arrival to the scene in witnessed arrests). With less than 10 minutes' downtime, survival to the ICU was 59% (19/32) with ACD CPR and 33% (16/49) with standard CPR (<i>P</i>&lt;.02), return to baseline neurological function was 31% (10/32) with ACD CPR and 20% (10/49) with standard CPR (<i>P</i>=.27), and hospital discharge rate was 38% (12/32) with ACD CPR and 20% (10/49) with standard CPR (<i>P</i>=.17). Complication rates in patients admitted to the hospital were similar in both groups. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —This study demonstrates that ACD CPR appears to be more effective than standard CPR in a well-defined subset of victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the critical early phases of resuscitation. Based on this study, a larger study should be performed to evaluate the potential long-term benefits of ACD CPR. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1405-1411)
Studies on Histamine Metabolism in Allergen‐Induced Asthma
Authors: O. Löwhagen, G. Granerus, H. Wetterqvist
Journal: Allergy (1980)

The excretion of histamine (Hi) and its metabolite methythistamine (MeHi)was determined in separated fractions of urine up to 12h alter standardized allergen provocations in 18 adult patients wild defined extrinsic bronchial asthma. The main histamine metabolite, methylimidazoleacetic acid (MelmAA), was measured in six of the patients. After positive provocations (decrease in FEV 1 &gt; 20%) the excretion of Hi was significantly increased during 3h and that of MeHi during 4h after challenge. Negative provocations (decrease in FEV 1 &lt;20%) were not followed by any changes in the excretion of Hi and MeHi. MelmAA excretion increased in five out of six patients after positive provocation. It was calculated that the increased excretion of Hi and its metabolites after a positive provocation corresponded to a release of about 1 mg histamine in the body or about 1 μg/g lung tissue if all histamine was liberated in the lung. Pretreatment with two anti‐allergic drugs, disodium cromoglycate and ICI 74.917, giving significant allergen protection, resulted in a smaller increase of the excretion of both Hi and MeHi, indicating an inhibition of histamine release in vivo.
Significance of a Flat Small-intestinal Mucosa
Authors: W. Hindle, B. Creamer
Journal: BMJ (1965)

to this may cause less gastro-intestinal disturbance.The sideeffects of chlorphentermine S.A. may not, however, be entirely local in action, and it is possible that the anorectic action of chlorphentermine may be dependent on its function as a mild central emetic at medullary level.The 10 defaulters up to three months contained five on the test preparation and five on the placebo, so that it seems unlikely that the default rate was related to the gastro-intestinal effects of chlorphentermine.As a result of this investigation what conclusions can be drawn regarding chlorphentermine S.A ?It would appear to be of value as a supplement to the treatment of obesity, in which close medical supervision and encouragement of strict dietary measures are the mainstay of therapeutic management.By itself the drug has no definite role.It is recognized that the doctor often feels the need to prescribe an appetite suppres- sant for his obese patient who complains of excess appetite and requests a " slimming pill," and in such circumstances chlor- phentermine S.A. may be useful, since it is an anorectic but does not act as a cerebral stimulant. SummaryA clinical trial on the anorectic agent chlorphentermine S.A. was performed.The drug was shown to be of value as an adjunct to dietary measures in producing loss of weight in obese patients attending a hospital clinic at regular intervals for three months.However, these patients who were subsequently pres- cribed the drug by their general practitioners showed no significant loss of weight over a similar period of time.There was a strong family history of diabetes and obesity, but this bore no relation to subsequent loss of weight.After three months' dieting the mean total 17-OHCS and 17-KS fell, the former significantly.The fall in urinary steroid excretion correlated with the loss of weight, but not statistically so.The value of chlorphentermine S.A. and the indications for its use are discussed.
Uninsured immigrants will continue to put pressure on safety net hospitals in the US, says report
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Undocumented immigrants who would not be insured under the Affordable Care Act will continue to put financial pressure on many US safety net hospitals that will have to cover the cost of the immigrants’ uncompensated care, a new report has concluded.1

The Affordable Care Act specifically excludes undocumented immigrants from its provisions, making these people ineligible for coverage through Medicaid or for purchasing insurance on the new health insurance exchanges, even if they pay full price.

Because of the law, few undocumented immigrants will obtain coverage, although some will get it through their jobs, as employers respond to the act’s incentives for them to offer insurance to their workers, says the report, prepared by researchers at the …
Troponin I and C-Reactive Protein Are Commonly Detected in Patients with Breast Cancer Treated with Dose-Dense Chemotherapy Incorporating Trastuzumab and Lapatinib
Authors: Patrick G. Morris, Carol Chen, Richard Steingart, Martin Fleisher, Nancy Lin, Beverly Moy, Steven Come, Steven Sugarman, Alyson Abbruzzi, Robert Lehman, Sujata Patil, Maura Dickler, Heather L. McArthur, Eric Winer, Larry Norton, Clifford A. Hudis, Chau T. Dang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

There are no validated methods of early detection of cardiotoxicity from trastuzumab (T) following anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Currently changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are assessed but this approach has limited sensitivity and specificity. Within a prospective feasibility study of dose-dense (dd) doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) → weekly paclitaxel (P) with T and lapatinib (L), we included a preplanned analysis of correlative cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as early biomarkers of cardiotoxicity.As previously described, patients received ddACx 4 → PTL → TL. LVEF was assessed at months 0, 2, 6, 9, and 18 and cTnI and CRP measured every 2 weeks during chemotherapy then at months 6, 9, and 18. These biomarkers were correlated with changes in LVEF.Ninety-five patients enrolled. Overall, 3 (3%) patients withdrew during AC and 41 (43%) withdrew during PTL → TL, mostly due to diarrhea. Median LVEF was 68% (baseline), 69% (month 2), 65% (month 6), 65% (month 9), and 65% (month 18). The majority (67%) had a detectable cTnI during the study. The proportion of detectable cTnIs increased over time; 4% at baseline, 11% at month 2, and 50% at month 3. The timing of these detectable cTnIs preceded maximum-recorded decline in LVEF. However, overall, maximum cTnI levels did not correlate with LVEF declines. A detectable CRP was seen in 74/95 (78%) but did not correlate with LVEF declines.In patients receiving ddAC → PTL, cTnIs are commonly detected. These elevations may precede changes in LVEF but, as assessed in this trial, do not predict CHF.
Liver and Biliary Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management
Authors: Phillip M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Knowledge of liver disease has advanced so rapidly during the last decade that it requires a multidisciplinary approach for its understanding. Four teachers from the new Medical School at Southhampton, England—a physician, a biochemist, a surgeon, and a pathologist—have joined forces to write a combined pathophysiological approach to the diagnosis and management of liver disease. Contributors from both sides of the Atlantic have pooled their talents to produce an encyclopedic tome that is current and easy to read. A sampling of subjects reveals that the chapter "Liver Function Tests" describes not only the available studies but offers the author's preference among similar tests. The chapter "Chronic Hepatitis" is comprehensive and lucid. "Cirrhosis" gives an overall picture of end-stage liver disease. The classification and mechanism of the development of cirrhosis are reviewed, and the multiple etiologies are discussed. References to other chapters provide details on the specific types of cirrhosis and
Tribunal declares Gulf war syndrome an “umbrella term“
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Official recognition for Gulf war syndrome moved a step closer last week when a war pensions appeal tribunal granted a disability award to a former guardsman, saying that his illness was best described under the “umbrella term” Gulf war syndrome.

Daniel Martin, who served as an army doctor in the 1991 Gulf war, appealed against the Ministry of Defence's decision to reject his application for a war pension. He told the tribunal that he had a range of symptoms, including bilateral knee pain disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, memory loss, depression, asthma, and arthralgia.

The tribunal panel stopped short of recognising Gulf war syndrome as a disease. The appellant, according to the …
Electrophysiological Effects of Dronedarone (SR33589), a Noniodinated Benzofuran Derivative, in the Rabbit Heart
Authors: Wei Sun, Jonnalagedda S. M. Sarma, Bramah N. Singh
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —To overcome the side effects of amiodarone (AM), its noniodinated analogue, dronedarone (SR), was synthesized. In this study, its electrophysiological effects were compared with those of AM in rabbit hearts. Methods and Results —Five animal groups (n=7 each) for 3 weeks received daily oral treatment of 1 of these regimens: (1) control, vehicle only; (2) AM 50 mg/kg (AM50); (3) AM 100 mg/kg (AM100); (4) SR 50 mg/kg (SR50); and (5) SR 100 mg/kg (SR100). ECGs were recorded before drug and at 3 weeks of drug before euthanasia. Action potentials were recorded from isolated papillary muscle and sinoatrial node by microelectrode techniques. The short-term effects were studied in controls (n=5) at various concentrations of SR (0 to 10 μmol/L) in tissue bath. Action potential duration at 50% (APD 50 ) and 90% (APD 90 ) repolarization and upstroke dV/dt (V max ) at various cycle lengths were compared by ANOVA with repeated measures. Compared with control, AM and SR increased RR, QT, and QTc intervals ( P &lt;0.0001 for all). Ventricular APD 50 and APD 90 were lengthened by 20% to 49% as a function of dose ( P &lt;0.005 to &lt;0.0001) and cycle length ( P &lt;0.001). SR100 effects were greater than those of AM100 ( P &lt;0.002). V max was decreased by both AM100 ( P &lt;0.0001) and SR100 ( P &lt;0.01). Sinoatrial node automaticity was slowed in treated groups compared with that of the control group ( P &lt;0.0001 for all). Conclusions —The electrophysiological effects of dronedarone are similar to those of AM but more potent, despite deletion of iodine from its molecular structure, a finding of importance for the development of future class III antiarrhythmic compounds.