tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development and application of an in vitro model for screening anti-hepatitis B virus therapeutics
Authors: Pietro Lampertico, James S. Malter, Michael A. Gerber
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The development of effective anti-hepatitis B virus agents has been hampered by the lack of reliable in vitro systems for the screening of new therapeutics. In an effort to circumvent this problem, we have developed an in vitro system for screening anti-hepatitis B virus drugs using hepatitis B virus DNA-transfected Hep G2 cells. The cell line designated 2.2.15 produces replicative viral DNA intermediates, mature Dane particles and high levels of viral antigens. Subconfluent 2.2.15 cells were treated with a variety of commonly used anti-hepatitis B virus therapeutics, and their efficacy was determined by analyzing changes in the replicative cellular or extracellular hepatitis B virus DNA content by Southern blotting or slot-blot hybridization. The slot-blot method was sensitive, reproducible and rapid and correlated well with Southern blotting. Analysis of the media for hepatitis B virus DNA was indicative of changes in intracellular, replicative hepatitis B virus DNA, permitting sampling of the media. Therefore 2.2.15 cells may provide a valuable method for identifying and monitoring effective anti-hepatitis B virus therapeutics. Using this system to test various agents, we confirm that 2'-deoxyguanosine strongly inhibited viral replication, whereas others tested were less effective. Correlation with in vivo systems is now needed.
University fee changes may deter poor students from studying medicine
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Proposed changes to university fees in England may deter students from low income families from studying medicine.

The Higher Education Bill, presented to parliament last week, will enable different universities to charge variable “top up” tuition fees for degree courses. Different fees can also be charged for different courses. Currently most students pay an upfront fee of £1125 ($2080; €1630) a year. About 30% of students from the poorest families are exempt. However, the fee barely covers the real cost of tuition.

From 2006 universities will be able to charge up to …
Filled-in sensations: The primordial species of imagery?
Authors: Kevin Sauvé
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Filled-in sensations exhibit a distinctive mélange of causal features, resembling perceptual sensations in some respects and imagery in others. This commentary identifies several of these shared causal features and advances the hypothesis that filled-in sensations may constitute the primordial species of imagery, the evolutionary neurofunctional precursor of paradigmatic forms of imagery.
Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus with autoantibodies recognizing bullous pemphigoid antigen 1
Authors: B. Doebelin, S. Dalle, B. Balme, J. Kanitakis, L. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus with autoantibodies recognizing bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 Get access B. Doebelin, B. Doebelin Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Hôtel‐Dieu, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 69288 Lyon cedex 02, France, *Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Dalle, S. Dalle Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Hôtel‐Dieu, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 69288 Lyon cedex 02, France, *Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Balme, B. Balme Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Hôtel‐Dieu, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 69288 Lyon cedex 02, France, *Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Kanitakis, J. Kanitakis Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Hôtel‐Dieu, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 69288 Lyon cedex 02, France, *Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Thomas L. Thomas Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Hôtel‐Dieu, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 69288 Lyon cedex 02, France, *Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France L. Thomas E‐mail: luc.thomas@chu‐lyon.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 1, 1 July 2005, Pages 232–233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06715.x Published: 01 July 2005
An Official American Thoracic Society Statement: Update on the Mechanisms, Assessment, and Management of Dyspnea
Authors: Mark B. Parshall, Richard M. Schwartzstein, Lewis Adams, Robert B. Banzett, Harold L. Manning, Jean Bourbeau, Peter M. Calverley, Audrey G. Gift, Andrew Harver, Suzanne C. Lareau, Donald A. Mahler, Paula M. Meek, Denis E. O'Donnell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<ContentsExecutive SummaryIntroductionMethodsDefinitionNeurophysiological Mechan...Dyspnea MeasurementEvaluation and TreatmentResearch PrioritiesConclusionReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Environmental health knowledge and practice survey among secondary schoolchildren in Zaria, Nigeria.
Authors: R D Ebong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Knowledge of environmental health was assessed in a sample of 192 students at Ja'afaru Secondary School, Zaria, Nigeria, by means of a questionnaire. A follow-up practice survey was also administered to assess the environmental sanitation of the school and the homes of a subsample of the students. Observations were recorded on the sources of water, the methods of refuse and sewage disposal, and the hygienic condition of the toilets in both the school and the homes surveyed. The findings indicated that the students' knowledge of environmental hygiene was high for all classes and that students whose fathers had primary, secondary, or post-secondary education scored slightly higher than those whose fathers were illiterate. Analysis of the observations on environmental sanitation showed that even though the school lacked indoor plumbing on the premises, the pupils were accustomed to pipe-borne and well water in their homes. The main method of refuse disposal for school and homes was open dumping, and the main method of sewage disposal for both school and homes was pit latrines, which were dirty and poorly maintained. Although the pupils had good knowledge of environmental hygiene, inadequate opportunities and lack of sanitation facilities at school and homes did not allow them to practice the health knowledge they had acquired. Recommendations were made to the school authority to direct more effort toward providing a safe and adequate water supply, good drainage systems, additional toilets, and renovating the existing toilets. The school should also emphasize the practice of good environmental hygiene to complement theoretical input.
Ruptured Baker's Cyst Simulating Thrombophlebitis
Authors: John Adams
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with great interest the recent article by Kilcoyne and associates entitled "Ruptured Baker's Cyst Simulating Acute Thrombophlebitis" (240:1517, 1978) because we recently encountered an unusual twist to a case of a patient with a ruptured Baker's cyst. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 27-year-old man came to the Bethany Medical Center emergency room complaining of pain and swelling over the posterior aspect of his left calf. The patient had just returned from a 480-km automobile trip but denied a previous history of trauma or swelling to the left leg or knee. Physical examination disclosed swelling, tenderness, and redness of the left calf, with an abnormal Homans' sign. The patient's diagnosis was deep venous thrombophlebitis, and he was admitted to the hospital after initiation of heparin sodium therapy. We were consulted for management of the patient's heparin therapy; however, further examination showed not only the leg findings
Darzi’s review of quality of care in the NHS
Authors: Jennifer Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Complaints against doctorsCould be reduced by identifying and remedying poor communication skills early on Clinical communication skills are at the heart of medical practice, and poor performance is an important factor in the origins of complaints and litigation. 1 2 A recent study from Canada shows that poorly performing doctors can be identified early in their careers and possibly given targeted support and appropriate further training. 3 Tamblyn and colleagues followed up a cohort of newly qualified doctors in Ontario and Quebec for two to 12 years. 3They found a link between both communication and quality of care scores on the clinical skills examination of the Medical Council of Canada (taken shortly after graduation) and subsequent complaints registered with the medical regulatory authorities.A decrease of two standard deviations in communication score on the examination was associated with one additional complaint per 100 years of practice.People whose scores of communication skills were in the bottom quartile had a significantly increased risk of subsequent complaints from patients (excess complaint rate 2.15 per 100 practice years compared with the three other quartiles).Although the rate of complaints per 100 years might seem low, complaints were made against 17% of doctors at least once during the average 10 year follow-up period.Factors that were significantly associated with increased numbers of complaints were the clinician being male and working in family practice or surgery (rather than general medicine).Most of these doctors would have received training in communication skills during their medical school training, although this may have been of variable quality, and they were well aware of the content of the clinical skills examination.Considerable resources are currently devoted to teaching and assessing the communication skills of medical students.The Calgary Cambridge guide is well established as a generic guide to consultations and the skills needed for effective communication. 4 Students are often tested for communication skills-for example, taking a history; exploring the patient's perspective, concerns, and expectations; explaining diagnoses and treatment; and discussing options for treatment or care.Students also cover specific tasks such as breaking bad news.Tamblyn and colleagues' results suggest that doctors whose communication skills need to be improved could be identified before problems are encountered in clinical practice.Stricter thresholds for passing graduate medical examinations or postgraduate qualifications could be enforced.However, as these researchers point out, the reliability of many assessments of communication skills is low (and lower than assessments of clinical skills, for example), especially if relatively few
Radio: The Reith lectures 2003: The Emerging Mind
Authors: I. McClure
Journal: BMJ (2003)

BBC Radio 4, Wednesday 2 to 30 April at 8 pm (repeated Saturdays at 10 15 pm) www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/reith2003/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> On first impression, the Reith lectures may seem somewhat old school in concept. They were inaugurated in 1948 to bring cutting edge intellectual thought and debate to the masses. Surely, in these times of multimedia and information overload and “dumbing down” of the main media channels, the days when we might be expected to tune into such worthy disputations have long gone. What can be said about this particular radio series that will urge you to … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Rubella antibody persistence after immunization. Sixteen-year follow-up in the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: S. Y. Chu
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A comparative field trial of three rubella virus vaccines (Cendehill, HPV-77 DE-5, and HPV-77 DK-12) was initiated in 1969 on the islands of Kauai and Hawaii in the state of Hawaii. In 1985, follow-up was reinitiated to assess the long-term durability of vaccine-induced immunity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of serum specimens from 1290 participants demonstrated seropositive rates of 92.4% and 96.4% at screening levels of 10 (protective level) and 7 (lowest detectable level) IU/mL, respectively. The seropositive rates were not related to reinfection or reimmunizations. These findings indicate that vaccine-induced rubella antibodies are detectable in almost all persons up to 16 years after successful vaccination.
Folliculogenesis in the Primate Ovarian Cycle
Authors: GERE S. DIZEREGA, GARY D. HODGEN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1981)

MUCH MORE is known about ovarian function in small mammals, especially laboratory rodents, than about the factors regulating cyclic ovarian function in primates. However, recent results, including our own, have enhanced the understanding of ovarian function in primates, bringing new and significant findings that now justify an assembly of knowledge on the regulation of the primate ovarian cycle. In this review, the major consideration is given to aspects of folliculogenesis in primate species. Where important similarities or differences in fundamental issues have been described in other mammals, limited discussion has been given to comparative aspects of follicular maturation. Consequently, we encourage readers of this subject to rely upon several scholarly reviews (1–7) that have recently developed comparative topics more fully than is either appropriate or intended here. Accordingly, we have restricted our attention to the dynamics of follicle growth during the primate ovarian cycle to focus on recent f...
Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy Due to Congenital Intrahepatic Shunts
Authors: Neil H. Raskin, John B. Price, Robert A. Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IN the course of chronic liver disease the development of portal hypertension and the subsequent formation of portal collateral circulation may permit certain nitrogen-containing substances in the portal blood to bypass the extraction mechanism of the hepatic parenchyma. A cerebral intoxication, which Sherlock and her co-workers1 have termed portal–systemic encephalopathy, has been observed in some of these cases. This phenomenon has been known since 1893, when Hahn et al.2 described the "meat-intoxication" syndrome — that is, stupor, ataxia, convulsions and coma — in animals with an Eck fistula that were fed high-protein diets. Recently, there have been a few patients . . .
ICL670A: a new synthetic oral chelator: evaluation in hypertransfused rats with selective radioiron probes of hepatocellular and reticuloendothelial iron stores and in iron-loaded rat heart cells in culture
Authors: Chaim Hershko, Abraham M. Konijn, Hans Peter Nick, William Breuer, Zvi Ioav Cabantchik, Gabriela Link
Journal: Blood (2001)
Urinary Concentrations of Triclosan in the U.S. Population: 2003–2004
Authors: Antonia M. Calafat, Xiaoyun Ye, Lee-Yang Wong, John A. Reidy, Larry L. Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Triclosan is a synthetic chemical with broad antimicrobial activity that has been used extensively in consumer products, including personal care products, textiles, and plastic kitchenware.This study was designed to assess exposure to triclosan in a representative sample > or = 6 years of age of the U.S. general population from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).We analyzed 2,517 urine samples using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.We detected concentrations of total (free plus conjugated) triclosan in 74.6% of samples at concentrations of 2.4-3,790 microg/L. The geometric mean and 95th percentile concentrations were 13.0 microg/L (12.7 microg/g creatinine) and 459.0 microg/L (363.8 mug/g creatinine), respectively. We observed a curvilinear relation between age and adjusted least square geometric mean (LSGM) concentrations of triclosan. LSGM concentrations of triclosan were higher in people in the high household income than in people in low (p < 0.01) and medium (p = 0.04) income categories.In about three-quarters of urine samples analyzed as part of NHANES 2003-2004, we detected concentrations of triclosan. Concentrations differed by age and socioeconomic status but not by race/ethnicity and sex. Specifically, the concentrations of triclosan appeared to be highest during the third decade of life and among people with the highest household incomes.
Announcements in the Press.
Authors: Edmond Souchon
Journal: JAMA (1894)

New Orleans, Oct. 13, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Please inform me if there is anything in the Code of Ethics to prevent a practitioner: 1, from announcing in the<i>daily newspapers</i>that his practice is limited to the diseases of special organs; 2, ditto in the<i>medical papers</i>; 3, from announcing in sealed circular letters to the<i>medical profession</i>at large that his practice, etc.; 4, ditto to<i>laymen at large</i>, etc. Yours truly, <h3>Answer:</h3> —Art. I, Sec. 4: "Duties of physicians to each other and to the profession at large:" "It is derogatory to the dignity of the profession to resort to public advertisements," etc. 2. While in some parts of the country, physicians do publish cards in medical papers, it is not regarded as wanting in the true dignity of a physician, but as a question of taste. 3. Certainly, there can be no objection to a sealed
Selectivity of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence for condylomata after topical application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid: implications for photodynamic treatment
Authors: E.V. ROSS, R. ROMERO, N. KOLLIAS, C. CRUM, R.ROX ANDERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

To examine the potential of using photodynamic therapy (PDT) in condylomata, we studied the distribution and kinetics of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) formation in condylomata acuminata and adjacent normal skin after topical application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA). PpIX fluorescence spectra were measured hourly in vivo after ALA application. After gross fluorescence imaging, the lesions were biopsied, and fluorescence microscopy was performed. All three PpIX fluorescence detection modalities suggested selectivity of PpIX formation in condylomata after topical ALA application. In 17 of 25 condylomata, there was significantly greater fluorescence compared with adjacent normal skin. The greatest lesional to normal skin fluorescence ratios occurred after 2 h. The most likely mechanism for increased lesional PpIX formation in condylomata is enhanced stratum corneum permeability. Based on our results, ALA/PDT is a potential field therapy for condylomata. PpIX fluorescence imaging after ALA application may also be useful for localizing condylomata prior to treatment.
Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Harry W. Daniell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters15 April 2003Screening for Postmenopausal OsteoporosisHarry W. Daniell, MDHarry W. Daniell, MDUniversity of California, Davis, Medical School; Redding, CA 96001 (Daniell)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-8-200304150-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's unqualified recommendation of routine osteoporosis screening in women older than 80 years of age (1) does not seem justified by available evidence, including that presented by Nelson and colleagues (2). Although only one bisphosphonate, risedronate, has been evaluated in large numbers of women older than 80 years of age (3), no interventions have been shown to decrease the frequency of hip fractures in this group. Unfortunately, routine screening recommendations from a respected source are very likely to be interpreted as the standard of care by some physicians, institution administrators, practicing attorneys, ...References1. Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: recommendations and rationale. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:526-8. [PMID: 12230355] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Nelson HD, Helfand M, Woolf SH, Allan JD. Screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a review of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:529-41. [PMID: 12230356] LinkGoogle Scholar3. McClung MR, Geusens P, Miller PD, Zippel H, Bensen WG, Roux C, . Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:333-40. [PMID: 11172164] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, Davis, Medical School; Redding, CA 96001 (Daniell) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: Recommendations and RationaleScreening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Heidi D. Nelson , Mark Helfand , Steven H. Woolf , and Janet D. Allan Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Heidi D. Nelson Metrics 15 April 2003Volume 138, Issue 8Page: 689KeywordsArrhythmiaBlindnessBone densityElderlyHealth care qualityHip fracturesHypotensionMusclesOsteoporosisVertigo ePublished: 15 April 2003 Issue Published: 15 April 2003 CopyrightCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Recombinant human interferon α-2b (rh IFNα-2b) therapy for steroid resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Authors: Kingo Fujimura, Toshiro Takafuta, Shin-ichiro Kuriya, Tsukasa Abe, Jun-ichi Akatsuka, Kojiro Yasunaga, Tatsumi Uchida, Makoto Kawakita, Kiyoshi Kitamura, Takeo Nomura, Atsushi Kuramoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

The efficacy of recombinant human interferon α-2b (rh IFNα-2b) in the treatment of steroid resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was studied in 50 cases. Forty-one patients treated with rh IFNα-2b three times a week, six of 18 (33.3%) in the low dose group (150 × 104IU: 3 MIU) and four of 20 (20.0%) in the high dose group (300 × 1010IU: 3 MIU) responded with platelet counts increasing to above 50 × 109/L. Because of the exacerbation of thrombocytopenia and nasal bleeding, treatment was discontinued within 2 weeks in three patients out of 41 cases. On the other hand, six of nine patients (66.7%) treated with 3 MIU of IFNα-2b once a week for 8 weeks showed satisfactory response. Treatment with either administration schedule did not result in sustaining platelet counts above 50 × 109/L for a long time after treatment. The results indicate that once a week administration schedule of rh IFNα-2b is more efficacious for platelet counts increasing for short period in patients who failed to respond to steroid and other medications than other schedules. The maintenance of this treatment schedule will allow sustained increased platelet levels, resulting in relief of bleeding tendency, while also being cost effective in comparison with other IFN treatment schedules and achieving better patient compliance without flu-like symptoms. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.