tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Respiratory Symptoms in Clean-up Workers of the <i>Prestige</i> Oil Spill
Authors: Jan-Paul Zock, Gema Rodríguez-Trigo, Francisco Pozo-Rodríguez, Joan A. Barberà, Laura Bouso, Yolanda Torralba, Josep M. Antó, Federico P. Gómez, Carme Fuster, Héctor Verea
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

The wreckage of the oil tanker Prestige in November 2002 produced heavy contamination off the coast of Galicia, Spain.To evaluate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in local fishermen more than 1 year after having participated in clean-up work.Questionnaires including qualitative and quantitative information about clean-up activities and respiratory symptoms were distributed among associates of 38 fishermen's cooperatives. Both postal and telephone follow-up was performed. The association between participation in clean-up work and respiratory symptoms was evaluated using multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for sex, age, and smoking status.Between January 2004 and February 2005, data were obtained from 6,780 fishermen (response rate, 76%). Sixty-three percent had participated in clean-up operations. Lower respiratory tract symptoms (LRTS) were more prevalent in clean-up workers: odds ratio (OR), 1.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.54-1.94. This association was consistent for men and women, for different fishermen's cooperatives, and for different types of respiratory symptoms, and remained after excluding those who reported anxiety or believed that the oil spill had affected their health (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.37-1.80). The risk of LRTS increased with the number of exposed days, exposed hours per day, and number of activities (linear trend, P < 0.0001). The excess risk of LRTS decreased when more time had elapsed since last exposure: OR, 2.33, 1.69, and 1.24 for less than 14 months, 14-20 months, and more than 20 months, respectively.Participation in clean-up work of oil spills may result in prolonged respiratory symptoms that last 1 to 2 years after exposure.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kanhaiyalal Agrawal, Anish Bhattacharya, Shrawan Kumar Singh, Kuruva Manohar, Raghava Kashyap, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Cyst infection within a polycystic kidney is a serious complication, potentially leading to abscess, sepsis, and death. Diagnosis of renal cyst infection is usually based on positive blood cultures in the presence of fever and renal tenderness. The authors present an image that shows F-18 FDG concentration in multiple infected cysts in a patient with polycystic kidney disease, with resolution after adequate antibiotic treatment.
Appropriate insulin regimes for type 2 diabetes: a multicenter randomized crossover study.
Authors: R Taylor, R Davies, C Fox, M Sampson, J U Weaver, L Wood
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To directly compare the rate of hypoglycemia and metabolic control achieved on once-daily ultralente insulin administration with twice-daily NPH insulin administration in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patient treatment satisfaction and quality of life were also examined before and during each treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A crossover study was performed involving five centers and 79 patients with type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose &amp;gt; 8 mmol/l) with a 2-month run-in followed by two 6-month periods of either NPH or ultralente insulin administration. Patients were managed by a specialist nurse using a dosage adjustment protocol. RESULTS: HbA1c was lower with NPH insulin therapy during each of the 6-month periods (9.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 9.1 +/- 0.3 and 9.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.3 mmol/l; both P &amp;lt; 0.01). The difference was accounted for by higher evening glucose levels with ultralente insulin (fasting 8.2 +/- 0.3 vs. 8.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, 6:00 P.M. 11.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 10.6 +/- 0.4 mmol/l). Despite worse control, the total number of hypoglycemic episodes was greater with ultralente insulin (220 vs. 171), and hypoglycemic episodes requiring third-party assistance occurred almost entirely with ultralente (14 vs. 1). Treatment satisfaction scores increased more with NPH insulin compared with ultralente and rose further upon changing to NPH insulin, but fell upon changing to ultralente insulin. These changes were highly significant (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Diabetes quality of life improved on both regimens. CONCLUSIONS: These data clearly demonstrate the lower hypoglycemia rate, better glucose control, and greater treatment satisfaction accompanying therapy for type 2 diabetes with twice daily NPH compared with once daily ultralente insulin.
Muriel Mallalieu Hughes
Authors: Helen Mair
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former general practitioner Colwyn Bay (b Oldham 1924; q Manchester 1948), died from cardiac failure on 6 September 2004.

After house jobs at Manchester Royal Infirmary, Davyhulme Hospital, Trafford, and Central Middlesex Hospital, London, Muriel started in general practice in Cardiff before joining a small practice in Colwyn Bay. In 1969 she became a partner in the larger teaching practice in the town until retiring in 1984. She also worked in family planning and was a staunch supporter of the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council, the Medical Women's Federation, the National Trust, and the Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales.
WRIGHT'S "THROTTLED CAPILLARY" ADAPTED TO THE CONTROL OF BLOOD-COUNTING PIPETTES.
Authors: THOMAS R. BOGGS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Having repeatedly observed the difficulty many students and physicians experience in acquiring an accurate technic with the coarse capillary pipettes such as are in constant use for leucocyte counting and hemoglobin estimation, it occurred to me that Wright's "throttled capillary" might be adapted to the control of these instruments. After some experiments, the device illustrated in the accompanying drawing was found to give very satisfactory results. <h3>Description.</h3> —It consists of a capillary tube "throttled" in the manner described by Wright, that is, heated in a very small flame and then quickly drawn out into a fine thread. The caliber of this tip must be so fine that when gentle suction is made the air comes through very, slowly. The outer protecting tube is from 5 to 7 mm. in diameter and drawn out to an hour-glass shape. The large part of the capillary (a) is marked with a file so
Early onset of action and efficacy of a combination of calcipotriene and betamethasone dipropionate in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Kim A. Papp, Lyn Guenther, Bernard Boyden, Frederik Grønhøj Larsen, Rauno J. Harvima, Jean Jacques Guilhou, Roland Kaufmann, Sarah Rogers, Peter C.M. van de Kerkhof, Leif I. Hanssen, Eva Tegner, Günter Burg, David Talbot, Anthony Chu
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
P235 A UK registry study of prophylactic antibiotic use for Staphylococcus aureus in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: D. K. H. Lo, M. H. Hurley, A. Prayle, A. R. Smyth
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> The UK antibiotic guidelines for cystic fibrosis (CF) recommend that all infants should be prescribed a prophylactic narrow spectrum antibiotic, such as flucloxacillin, from diagnosis until 3 years of age. We wished to evaluate the prevalence of prophylactic antibiotic use in the UK and the effect this had on the microbiological outcome of children with CF. <h3>Methods</h3> A registry search was conducted on the UK CF registry to include all children &lt;3 years at the time of the 2009 dataset (UK CF registry. Cystic Fibrosis Trust, 2011). Information on antibiotic prophylaxis (“chronicoral antibiotic not prescribed to treat an exacerbation”) and bacterial status (no growth, intermittent or chronic) are entered at the time of annual assessment and refer to the previous year. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 609 children who were born between August 2006 and December 2009, for whom data were available. Of these, 480 children (78.8%) were on prophylaxis and, 385 (80.2%) were on flucloxacillin alone. Prevalence of chronic/intermittent <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were similar between those not on antibiotics to those on flucloxacillin only. The use of “other” antibiotics was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of <i>P aeruginosa</i> (p=0.005, Bonferroni corrected threshold=0.0125). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Despite current recommendations a sizeable minority of children with CF are not on anti-<i>Staphylococcal</i> prophylaxis. Of those who are, the majority receive flucloxacillin. Given the limited dataset, we did not detect any significant differences in microbiological outcome between those on regular Flucloxacillin to those on no antibiotics. Of note, the prevalence of <i>S aureus</i> in the under three group is around 7% compared with the overall UK prevalence of 15.2%. Prophylactic use of antibiotics other than Flucloxacillin (mostly cephalosporins; n=36 out of 95) appear associated with increased prevalence of <i>P aeruginosa.</i> This is consistent with findings from a previous US study implicating cephalosporin prophylaxis in acquisition of infection with <i>P aeruginosa</i> (<i>J Pediatr</i> 2002;<b>140</b>:299–305). Randomised controlled trials with long term follow-up, using clinically relevant outcomes, are warranted in order to better understand the effect antistaphylococcal prophylaxis has on the progression of CF lung disease.
Review: Gestalt or clinical decision rules have limited sensitivity and specificity for detecting acute PE
Authors: Scott M. Stevens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club17 January 2012Review: Gestalt or clinical decision rules have limited sensitivity and specificity for detecting acute PEScott M. Stevens, MDScott M. Stevens, MDIntermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, USA (S.M.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationLucassen W, Geersing GJ, Erkens PM, et al. Clinical decision rules for excluding pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:448-60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21969343Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Emergency Med: Hospitalists: Hematology: Pulmonology: References1 Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, et al; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2008;29:2276-315. [PMID: 18757870] Google Scholar2 American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee on Critical Issues in the Evaluation and Management of Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism, Fesmire FM, Brown MD, et al. Critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;57:628-52. [PMID: 21621092] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Scott M. Stevens, MDAffiliations: Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, USA (S.M.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 January 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDo clinicians decide relying primarily on Bayesians principles or on Gestalt perception? Some pearls and pitfalls of Gestalt perception in medicine 17 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 2Page: JC1-11KeywordsD-dimerLikelihood ratioPatientsProspective studiesPulmonary embolismPulmonary imagingPulmonary medicineResearch designSpecificityThorax ePublished: 17 January 2012 Issue Published: 17 January 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A SUGGESTION AS TO TREATMENT OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE LUNGS.
Authors: G. H. STOVER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

When a case of gunshot wound of the lung is received into a hospital, the surgical treatment of the wounds of entrance and exit is now-a-days most careful. The wounds are asepticized, a sterile gauze or an air-tight dressing is applied, and as a rule they heal nicely if the patient survives the shock and hemorrhage of the injury. The point to be made in this communication is that a case of gunshot or other penetrating wound of the lung should never be placed in a general surgical ward, even should the general condition be excellent and the patient not need a special nurse. Numerous investigations of the bacteriology of the air in surgical wards have uniformly and conclusively shown that the air is strongly contaminated by bacteria; these investigations are so well known and their results so generally accepted that it is unnecessary to refer to the literature. Now,
Dosing guidelines for Adefovir Dipivoxil in the treatment of HBV infected patients with renal or hepatic impairment
Authors: Wanda Knight, Sandra Hayashi, Yves Benhamou, Graeme Currie, Ramin Ebrahimi, Stan Gill, John Fry, Brian Kearney, Carol Brosgart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
FOUR YEARS' EXPERIENCE WITH PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY
Authors: V. A. KRAL, A. R. ELVIDGE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

On the basis of our observations, it may be said that bilateral prefrontal lobotomy has proved a useful tool in the treatment of many cases of chronic mental disease where conservative treatment has failed. There is no indication, however, that the operation really cures the patient's disease. Rather it seems to produce a new emotional equilibrium on the basis of which he can function more satisfactorily. This advantage is balanced by certain disadvantageous personality changes. Operation should, therefore, be recommended only when the patient is still capable of emotional reactions, when his thinking is not incoherent, and when the prepsychotic history does not indicate a psychopathic personality. Another important factor is the presence of adequate family resources which would enable the patient to complete his post-lobotomy rehabilitation outside the hospital and provide the necessary guidance in the beginning of a new life in the community.
Relation of serum calcium concentration to metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Authors: L. Lind, S. Jakobsson, H. Lithell, B. Wengle, S. Ljunghall
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Data from a health screening survey with over 18,000 adult participants were used to determine the relations between serum calcium concentration and the cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and hyperlipidaemia. Blood pressure and serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations were all positively related to each other independent of age, sex, kidney function, and obesity. Similar relations between the risk factors were found in subjects with hypertension or hyperglycaemia independent of the degree of overweight. These results suggested that there might be a metabolic syndrome of cardiovascular risk factors. Serum calcium concentration was positively related to systolic and diastolic blood pressures and serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations. Thus a common feature in the syndrome is an increased serum calcium concentration. The relations between serum calcium concentrations and the cardiovascular risk factors were not limited to the upper parts of the distribution, being seen over a wide range. Changes in calcium metabolism seem to be related to a metabolic syndrome of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperlipidaemia.
Structural equation modeling in environmental risk assessment.
Authors: C R Buncher, P A Succop, K N Dietrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Environmental epidemiology requires effective models that take individual observations of environmental factors and connect them into meaningful patterns. Single-factor relationships have given way to multivariable analyses; simple additive models have been augmented by multiplicative (logistic) models. Each of these steps has produced greater enlightenment and understanding. Models that allow for factors causing outputs that can affect later outputs with putative causation working at several different time points (e.g., linkage) are not commonly used in the environmental literature. Structural equation models are a class of covariance structure models that have been used extensively in economics/business and social science but are still little used in the realm of biostatistics. Path analysis in genetic studies is one simplified form of this class of models. We have been using these models in a study of the health and development of infants who have been exposed to lead in utero and in the postnatal home environment. These models require as input the directionality of the relationship and then produce fitted models for multiple inputs causing each factor and the opportunity to have outputs serve as input variables into the next phase of the simultaneously fitted model. Some examples of these models from our research are presented to increase familiarity with this class of models. Use of these models can provide insight into the effect of changing an environmental factor when assessing risk. The usual cautions concerning believing a model, believing causation has been proven, and the assumptions that are required for each model are operative.
Helicobacter pylori infection and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Masayoshi Ohnishi, Michiaki Fukui, Takeshi Ishikawa, Nahoko Ohnishi, Noriko Ishigami, Keiji Yoshioka, Goji Hasegawa, Toshikazu Yoshikawa, Naoto Nakamura
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Two to three years of failure-free testing of a rechargeable pacemaker in experimental complete heart block.
Authors: H C Hughes, R R Brownlee, G F Tyers
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Six hermetically sealed single cell rechargeable mercury-zinc pacemakers (B.T.) that will run continuously for over 4 years between rechargings have paced dogs with complete heart block for from 2 to 3 years. To maintain full cell capacity (over 1,000 mA hours) requires recharging for from 2-3 min/day to 60 to 80 hr once every 4 years, with any variation between these extremes being acceptable. Six realtime bench tests continue after over 7 years and accelerated tests have simulated a minimum of 50 years continuous pacing. Battery voltage is assessed by direct telemetry, eliminating the risk of patient intrinsic rhythm-pacemaker competition which is present with all current indirect (stimulation rate change) battery assessment techniques. The B.T. is an excellent 4-5 year primary pacemaker, fully rechargeable after several 4 year periods of battery rundown. A clinical test series has been initiated.
THE CYTOTOXIC ACTION OF IMMUNE GAMMA GLOBULIN AND COMPLEMENT ON KREBS ASCITES TUMOR CELLS
Authors: Burton Goldberg, Howard Green
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Electron microscopic studies of Krebs ascites tumor cells treated in vitro with rabbit immune gamma globulin revealed a distinctive alteration in the structure of the cellular surface membrane. The subsequent addition of complement to this system severely damaged the cytoplasmic matrix, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. This sequence of events provides a structural basis for the cytotoxic action of antibody and complement.
A Comparison of the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Health Maintenance Organizations and Fee-for-Service Practices
Authors: Edward H. Yelin, Curtis J. Henke, Jane S. Kramer, Michael C. Nevitt, Martin Shearn, Wallace V. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Abstract This study compares the use of health care services (hospital and ambulatory) by patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were under the care of rheumatologists in prepaid and fee-for-service arrangements. Participating physicians from a random sample of half the rheumatologists in northern California maintained a log of all their patients with well-established diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis. We interviewed 822 of their patients, using a structured, validated phone survey to obtain information about health care use. Patients in prepaid plans had about the same number and type of hospitalizations and the same rate of surgery as those receiving fee-for-service care. However, fee-for-service patients made more ambulatory visits. We conclude that the use of expensive services (hospital admissions and surgery) for the care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is not different in fee-for-service and prepaid settings. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:962–7.)
Prevention of Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Malignant Disease
Authors: V. C. Roberts, L. T. Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1974)

We have used the <sup>125</sup>I-fibrinogen test to asses the value of an improved method of peroperative intermittent calf compression as a prophylactic measure against postoperative thrombosis. In a group of 99 patients over the age of 40 undergoing operations lasting more than 30 minutes the technique reduced the incidence of postoperative thrombosis by over 75%. In patients suffering from malignant disease, who are generally considered to be in the very high risk category, the reduction achieved was almost 90%.
Chemotherapy of Advanced Small-Cell Anaplastic Carcinoma
Authors: HEINE H. HANSEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

A controlled clinical trial compared three-drug and four-drug combination chemotherapy in 109 patients with advanced small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. The combination of vincristine, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate was significantly superior to the combination of the last three drugs alone with regard to median survival (230 versus 176 days) (P < 0.01) and to duration of response (186 versus 112 days) (P < 0.01). Objective response occurred in 78% and 75%, respectively. No significant difference in these values was observed in the comparison of the three subtypes of small-cell anaplastic carcinoma using the World Health Organization's classification.
Retraction
Authors: Ding‐Qiang Chen, Ling Yang, Jie Zhou, Liwei Lu, Yu‐Chun Lone, Kwok‐Yung Yuen, Bo‐Jian Zheng
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

HLA‐A2‐/HLA‐DR1‐transgeneic H‐2 class I‐/class II‐knockout mouse is an ideal animal model for study of chronic HBV infection. Ding‐Qiang Chen, Ling Yang, Jie Zhou, Liwei Lu, Yu‐Chun Lone, Kwok‐Yung Yuen, and Bo‐Jian Zheng. H epatology 2010; doi: 10.1002/hep.23932. The above article, published online on August 23, 2010, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The withdrawal has been agreed due to the fact that the authors found that the reagents used for studying hepatic dendritic cell populations reported on in the article were faulty, which made their results inaccurate. REFERENCE Chen D‐Q, Yang L, Zhou J, Lu L, Lone Y‐C, Yuen K‐Y, Zheng B‐J. HLA‐A2‐/HLADR1-transgeneic H‐2 class I‐/class II‐knockout mouse is an ideal animal model for study of chronic HBV infection. Hepatology 2010; doi: 10.1002/hep.23932. Chen D‐Q, Yang L, Zhou J, Lu L, Lone Y‐C, Yuen K‐Y, Zheng B‐J. HLA‐A2‐/HLADR1-transgeneic H‐2 class I‐/class II‐knockout mouse is an ideal animal model for study of chronic HBV infection. H epatology 2010; doi: 10.1002/hep.23932.