tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of liver progenitor cells in human atypical ductular reactions with those seen in experimental models of liver injury
Authors: Stewart Sell
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The ultrastructural characteristics of liver progenitor cell types of human atypical ductular reactions seen in chronic cholestasis, in regenerating human liver after submassive necrosis, in alcoholic liver disease, and in focal nodular hyperplasia are compared with liver progenitor cell types seen during experimental cholangiocarcinogenesis in hamsters; during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats; and in response to periportal liver injury induced by allyl alcohol in rats. Three types of progenitor cells have been identified in human atypical ductular reactions: type I: primitive, has an oval shape, marginal chromatin, few cellular organelles, rare tonofilaments, and forms desmosomal junctions with adjacent liver cells; type II: bile duct-like, is located within ducts, has few organelles, and forms lateral membrane interdigitations with other duct-like cells; and type III: hepatocyte-like, is located in hepatic cords, forms a bile canaliculus, has tight junctions with other hepatocyte-like cells, prominent mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and some have lysosomes and a poorly developed Golgi apparatus. Each type is seen during cholangiocarcinogenesis in hamsters, but the most prominent cell type is type II, duct-like. A more primitive cell type (“type 0 cell”), as well as type I cells, are seen in the intraportal zone of the liver within 1 to 2 days after carcinogen exposure or periportal injury in the rat, but both type II and type III are seen later as the progenitor cells expand into the liver lobule. After allyl alcohol injury, type 0 cells precede the appearance of type I and type III cells, but most of the cells that span the periportal necrotic zone are type III hepatocyte-like cells showing different degrees of hepatocytic differentiation. Some type II cells are also seen, but these are essentially limited to ducts. It is concluded that there is a primitive stem cell type in the liver (type 0) that may differentiate directly into type I and then into type II, duct-like or or type III hepatocyte-like cells. The terms oval cell, transitional hepatocyte, biliary hepatocyte, hepatocyte-like cell, atypical ductular cell, neocholangiole, etc., are used to describe these cells. Although these terms are useful as general descriptive terms for liver precursor cells at the light microscopic level, the cells included in these descriptive categories may be very different from one another biologically and ultrastructurally.
HEMIPLEGIA AS A COMPLICATION IN TYPHOID FEVER,WITH REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: FRANK SMITHIES
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Hemiplegia, during the course of typhoid fever, is a Tare affection. Certain of the acute infectious fevers, e. g., smallpox, scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, influenza and pneumonia, are not infrequently complicated by more or less complete unilateral paralysis. This affection is sometimes associated with aphasia. It is usually coincident with some disturbance in cardiac mechanism. It may occur at any stage of the special disease under consideration. The greater number of cases have been found to occur in children— perhaps because the diseases mentioned are most common in the first decade of life. But considering the severity of many of the typhoid infections, and the widespread prevalence of the ailment, is it surprising to note the infrequency of paralysis of any form as a complication, and especially of hemiplegia. Numerous cases are on record in which paraplegia has complicated the course of the disease. Paralysis of single muscles,
Combined 11C-Methionine and 18F-FDG PET Imaging in a Case of Cerebral Sparganosis
Authors: Tao Zeng, Zhong-You Ji, Song-Sheng Shi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 35-year-old man presented with right lower extremity numbness and weakness. CT demonstrated an irregular left parietal hypoattenuation with a punctuate calcification. MRI revealed a T1 low signal and T2 high signal lesion with extensive surrounding edema. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI showed an irregular enhancing lesion. 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine PET both demonstrated high uptake in the left parietal lesion. Lesion SUV was 7.5 for 18F-FDG and 3.0 for 11C-methionine. Surgical pathology demonstrated cerebral sparganosis.
French Horn Affairs
Authors: Wei Liang Yu
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I beg to differ with your consultant's answer to the problems of acid saliva and perspiration in the French horn player (226:212, 1973). Saliva is normally slightly acid (pH 6 to 7). The usual dosage of antacid is not going to change it. Condensate in the brass (and woodwind) instruments is mostly from watersaturated breath with probably a negligible amount of saliva. The acidity of the liquid is from the dissolved carbon dioxide, ie, carbonic acid. Antacid will not help. For protection of the instrument, a coating of some type of clear plastic like that used for protecting paintings or to protect and waterproof furniture finish might help. Be sure the plastic is the kind that remains smooth when dry, and is not tacky. A coating on the tops of the valves probably will protect the instrument against perspiration. No musician can or will want to play
MENINGOCELE, WITH CASE.Read in the Section on Diseases of Children, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: M. G. SLOAN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The occurrence of pure memngocele is doubted by the most of our authorities. Conner says, (Keating's Cyclopedia of Diseases of Children): "If it occur at all, (and this is much doubted) it does so very rarely." Irving C. Rosse, (Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences,) says: "The lesion is not yet sufficiently demonstrated to enable one to trace the symptoms, or even the diagnosis; on all sides it is admitted to be very rare, and some even doubt whether it exists." I think it quite probable that the lesion is not quite so rare as the above quotations would indicate, because it is not an easy matter to certainly diagnose the condition even when present, and I have no doubt that in some instances, where no operation has been performed and no postmortem held, a diagnosis of hydrencephalocele has been made when meningocele really existed. In the case about to
The Oldest Students' Medical Club.
Authors: Eugene F. Cordell
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>Baltimore, July 12, 1904.</h3><h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I should be glad to learn throughThe Journalthe name and date of foundation of the oldest students' medical club in this country. The Rush Medical Club, a quiz club among the undergraduates of the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland, was founded in April, 1850, and has had an unbroken existence to the present time.
Bilateral tension pneumothorax in newborn.
Authors: J. Wagner
Journal: BMJ (1969)

<h3>Summary</h3> Reprogramming metabolism is of great therapeutic interest for reducing morbidity and mortality during sepsis-induced critical illness<sup>1</sup>. Disappointing results from randomized controlled trials targeting glutamine and antioxidant metabolism in patients with sepsis have begged for both identification of new metabolic targets, and a deeper understanding of the metabolic fate of glutamine at the systemic and tissue-specific manner<sup>2–4</sup>. In critically ill patients versus elective surgical controls, skeletal muscle transcriptional metabolic reprogramming is comprised of reduced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism, electron transport, and glutamate transport, with concomitant increases in glutathione cycling, glutamine, branched chain, and aromatic amino acid transport. To analyze putative interorgan communications during sepsis, we performed systemic and tissue specific metabolic phenotyping in a murine polymicrobial sepsis model, cecal ligation and puncture. In the setting of drastically elevated inflammatory cytokines, we observed &gt;10% body weight loss, &gt;50% reductions in oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, and near full suppression of voluntary activity for the 48 hours following sepsis as compared to sham-operated controls. We found increased correlations in the metabolome between liver, kidney, and spleen, with drastic loss of correlations between the heart and quadriceps metabolome and all other organs, pointing to a shared metabolic signature within vital abdominal organs, and unique metabolic signatures for skeletal and cardiac muscle during sepsis. A lowered GSH:GSSG and elevated AMP:ATP ratio in the liver underlie the significant upregulation of isotopically labeled glutamine’s contribution to TCA anaplerosis and glutamine-derived glutathione biosynthesis; meanwhile, the skeletal muscle and spleen were the only organs where glutamine’s contribution to the TCA cycle was significantly suppressed. These results highlight tissue-specific mitochondrial reprogramming, rather than global mitochondrial dysfunction, as a mechanistic consequence of sepsis. Using a multi-omic approach, we demonstrate a model by which sepsis-induced proteolysis fuels the liver’s production of anaplerotic substrates and the antioxidant glutathione to sustain tolerance to sepsis.
Sources of Contraceptive Commodities for Users in Nigeria
Authors: Boniface A Oye-Adeniran, Isaac F Adewole, Augustine V Umoh, Adesina Oladokun, Abidoye Gbadegesin, Kofo A Odeyemi, Ekanem E Ekanem
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Understanding the sources of contraceptive commodities is an important aspect of the delivery of family planning services and is required by planning programme managers for strategic planning purposes. Findings from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey have previously showed that the private sector was the most frequently reported source of contraceptive supply, providing contraception to two and a half times as many women as the public sector. We conducted a community-based study to examine further the sources of contraceptive commodity for users in Nigeria with a view to identifying their preferences for distribution centres. This information would be useful to improve commodity distribution and to build the necessary capacity for satisfactory delivery of contraceptives.
Stereotyped subset #1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a direct link between B‐cell receptor structure, function, and patients' prognosis
Authors: Ilaria Del Giudice, Sabina Chiaretti, Simona Santangelo, Simona Tavolaro, Nadia Peragine, Marilisa Marinelli, Caterina Ilari, Sara Raponi, Monica Messina, Mauro Nanni, Francesca Romana Mauro, Alfonso Piciocchi, Katia Bontempi, Davide Rossi, Gianluca Gaidano, Anna Guarini, Robin Foà
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with stereotyped B‐cell receptor (BCR) belonging to subset #1 (IGHV1‐5‐7/IGKV1‐39) display a poor outcome. To characterize their genetic and genomic features and BCR function, we selected 20 subset #1 CLL from a series of 579 cases. Subset #1 CLL, all showing unmutated IGHV, were associated with the presence of del(11q) (50%) in comparison with unmutated CLL, unmutated stereotyped CLL other than subset #1 and with cases using the same IGHV genes but a heterogeneous VH CDR3 (non‐subset #1 CLL). There were no distinctive features regarding CD38, ZAP‐70, and TP53 disruption. NOTCH1 , SF3B1 , and BIRC3 were mutated in 15%, 0%, and 5% of cases, respectively, while BIRC3 was deleted in 22% of cases. Microarray unsupervised analysis on 80 unmutated/mutated/stereotyped/non‐stereotyped CLL showed a tight clustering of subset #1 cases. Their genomic signature exhibited several differentially expressed transcripts involved in BCR signal transduction, apoptosis regulation, cell proliferation, and oxidative processes, regardless of del(11q). Accordingly, BCR ligation with anti‐IgM revealed a significant higher proliferation of subset #1 versus unmutated non‐subset #1 CLL, both at baseline and after 24–48 hr stimulation. Subset #1 CLL represent a paradigmatic example of the direct link between BCR structure, function, and patients prognosis. Am. J. Hematol. 89:74–82, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antenatal diagnosis of fetal duodenal atresia by ultrasonic scan.
Authors: H Gee, U Abdulla
Journal: BMJ (1978)

immunosuppressive treatment allowed such an infection to become disseminated.From the start of her illness the patient was thought to have contracted an infection from one of her cats.She admitted to close contact with them and her previous ringworm was further evidence of this.But the puzzling fact remains that Sooty's antibody profile was suggestive of a subgroup A infection while the patient's antibody response suggested infection with a subgroup B Chlamydia.Because of the multiple treatment we cannot attribute the patient's recovery to any one drug.Rifampicin, however, is active against C trachomatis infection of the eye4 and so may have been beneficial.
Towards more uniform conflict disclosures
Authors: J. M. Drazen, P. W. d. Leeuw, C. Laine, C. Mulrow, C. D. DeAngelis, F. A. Frizelle, F. Godlee, C. Haug, P. C. Hebert, R. Horton, S. Kotzin, A. Marusic, H. Reyes, J. Rosenberg, P. Sahni, M. B. V. D. Weyden, G. Zhaori
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The updated ICMJE conflict of interest reporting form

The great variability in the processes that different journals use to ask about and report authors’ potential conflicts of interest creates confusion for authors, readers, and the public. To help reduce this confusion, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) developed an electronic uniform disclosure form and placed it in the public domain in October 2009. The ICMJE member journals piloted the form, encouraged other journals to use it, and invited feedback. We recognised that the reporting of competing interests is complex and nuanced, and sometimes contentious, and thus anticipated modifying the form on the basis of the feedback received. We are grateful to the many authors, editors, and other interested parties who took the time to comment on the form and its implementation. The matters raised ranged from technical problems about the correct deployment of the form (it requires the user to download the free Adobe 8.0 reader or higher to function) to concerns about the ethics of inquiring about non-financial associations. The committee considered these valuable comments and …
A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Phase II Controlled Study of rh-Endostatin (Endostar) in Combination with Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shun Lu, Lu Li, Yi Luo, Li Zhang, Gang Wu, Zhiwei Chen, Cheng Huang, Shuliang Guo, Yiping Zhang, Xiangqun Song, Yongfeng Yu, Caicun Zhou, Wei Li, Meilin Liao, Baolan Li, Liyan Xu, Ping Chen, Chunhong Hu, Chengping Hu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
THE NATIONAL TEMPERANCE HOSPITAL.Read before the National Medical Temperance Convention, Staten Island, N. Y., July 16, 1891.
Authors: J. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Taking a panoramic view of human life as far back as history or legend extend, we find that progress of mankind has been marked by a continuous evolution of mind. The objective point of man's ambition has ever tended toward the happiness of the race. As this evolution of thought has progressed, man has comprehended his environments and learned how to bring himself into harmony with his surroundings. He has learned the value of the constituents of the air he breathes, and discovered that oxygen is necessary in unlimited quantities for life and health. Civilization has taught him that his habitation should not only be beautiful, but well ventilated. He has found that for perfect physical health, his raiment should not alone be for ornament, but that in clothing his body, certain well defined physical laws cannot with impunity be violated. The same truths have been demonstrated when he has
Low dose endoluminal photodynamic therapy improves murine T cell-mediated colitis
Authors: L. Favre, F. Borle, D. Velin, D. Bachmann, H. Bouzourene, G. Wagnieres, H. van den Bergh, P. Ballabeni, T. Gabrecht, P. Michetti, S. Schreiber, M.-A. Ortner
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de L. Favre et al., pp. 604Endoscopy 2011; 43(07): 647-647DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291786
Anti-biofilm properties of wound dressing incorporating nonrelease polycationic antimicrobials
Authors: Livnat Atar-Froyman, Anat Sharon, Ervin I. Weiss, Yael Houri-Haddad, Dana Kesler-Shvero, Abraham J. Domb, Raphael Pilo, Nurit Beyth
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Histological effects of tazarotene 0.1% cream vs. vehicle on photodamaged skin: a 6-month, multicentre, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study in patients with photodamaged facial skin
Authors: L.A. Machtinger, K. Kaidbey, J. Lim, K.H. Loven, T.E. Rist, D.C. Wilson, D.D. Parizadeh, J. Sefton, J.M. Holland, P.S. Walker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Topical tazarotene has been shown to offer efficacy in ameliorating multiple effects of photodamage. Objectives To evaluate the histological effects of tazarotene cream on photodamaged skin. Methods In this multicentre, double‐blind, randomized, vehicle‐controlled study, 50 patients with photodamaged facial skin (at least mild fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation, with at least one of these being moderate) were randomized to apply tazarotene 0·1% cream or vehicle cream to their face, once daily for 24 weeks. Results Blinded assessments showed that tazarotene was less likely than vehicle to be associated with an increase in keratinocytic and melanocytic atypia, and more likely than vehicle to be associated with a reduction in atypia. Between‐group comparisons in distribution of change from baseline categories of severity were in favour of tazarotene (P = 0·055 for keratinocytic atypia, P = 0·034 for melanocytic atypia, and P < 0·001 for the number of granular cell layers). Compared with vehicle, tazarotene was associated with an increase in epidermal polarity (P = 0·008) and epidermal thickness (P = 0·012), and a tendency for stratum corneum compaction. Tazarotene was also associated with widened intercellular spaces (reported as epidermal oedema) relative to vehicle (P < 0·001). Conclusions Treatment of photodamaged skin with tazarotene is associated with an amelioration of keratinocytic and melanocytic atypia, an improvement in epidermal polarity, and an increase in epidermal thickness.
Insulin Autoantibodies as Markers for Type I Diabetes
Authors: TERENCE J. WILKIN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is probably due to autoimmune disease of the pancreatic B cell (1). The insulitis is associated with the gradual destruction of insulin secreting cells, islet cell failure, and clinical diabetes (2). The prediabetic phase, which is thought to last months or years (3), is symptomless. Whether or not this account (Fig. 1) is correct is important for two reasons. First, if clinical diabetes reflects the complete and irreversible destruction of the functioning islet cell mass, only replacement treatment, i.e. insulin, can be offered. Second, treatment in the lengthy prediabetic phase might be able to halt immune destruction. Such a possibility would require not only a suitable treatment, but also markers with which to identify accurately those who would benefit. One of the more recently described antibody markers, insulin autoantibodies (IAA), are the subject of this review. The functional unit of the immune system is the clone. There are many millions of clones in the body, each responsive to a specific antigenic shape.
Improved Glycemic Control Without Hypoglycemia in Elderly Diabetic Patients Using the Ubiquitous Healthcare Service, a New Medical Information System
Authors: Soo Lim, Seon Mee Kang, Hayley Shin, Hak Jong Lee, Ji Won Yoon, Sung Hoon Yu, So-Youn Kim, Soo Young Yoo, Hye Seung Jung, Kyong Soo Park, Jun Oh Ryu, Hak C. Jang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To improve quality and efficiency of care for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, we introduced elderly-friendly strategies to the clinical decision support system (CDSS)-based ubiquitous healthcare (u-healthcare) service, which is an individualized health management system using advanced medical information technology. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a 6-month randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 144 patients aged &amp;gt;60 years. Participants were randomly assigned to receive routine care (control, n = 48), to the self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG, n = 47) group, or to the u-healthcare group (n = 49). The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving A1C &amp;lt;7% without hypoglycemia at 6 months. U-healthcare system refers to an individualized medical service in which medical instructions are given through the patient’s mobile phone. Patients receive a glucometer with a public switched telephone network-connected cradle that automatically transfers test results to a hospital-based server. Once the data are transferred to the server, an automated system, the CDSS rule engine, generates and sends patient-specific messages by mobile phone. RESULTS After 6 months of follow-up, the mean A1C level was significantly decreased from 7.8 ± 1.3% to 7.4 ± 1.0% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in the u-healthcare group and from 7.9 ± 1.0% to 7.7 ± 1.0% (P = 0.020) in the SMBG group, compared with 7.9 ± 0.8% to 7.8 ± 1.0% (P = 0.274) in the control group. The proportion of patients with A1C &amp;lt;7% without hypoglycemia was 30.6% in the u-healthcare group, 23.4% in the SMBG group (23.4%), and 14.0% in the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The CDSS-based u-healthcare service achieved better glycemic control with less hypoglycemia than SMBG and routine care and may provide effective and safe diabetes management in the elderly diabetic patients.
Catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmias: Clinical applications personnel and facilities
Authors: John D. Fisher, Michael E. Cain, Keith C. Ferdinand, Charles Fisch, J.Ward Kennedy, Steven P. Kutalek, Charles R. Lambert, Steven E. Nissen, Okike Nsidinanya Okike, Thomas Ryan, Sanjeev V. Saksena, Heinrich R. Schelbert, John S. Schroeder, David O. Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
BOTH GAIN- AND LOSS-OF-FUNCTION SCN5A MUTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INFANTILE FATAL VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
Authors: Koichi Kato, Takeru Makiyama, Jie Wu, Wei-Guang Ding, Hiromi Kimura, Nobu Naiki, Seiko Ohno, Hideki Itoh, Toshio Nakanishi, Hiroshi Matsuura, Minoru Horie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Judge dismisses union's bid to challenge legality of health reforms
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The public service union Unison has lost its High Court battle to force England’s health secretary, Andrew Lansley, to consult patients, employees, and the wider public before going ahead with plans for a major reorganisation of the NHS.

The union argued at the High Court in London that the government was obliged to consult on the merits of the reforms themselves before reaching a “settled policy” and not just on their implementation. But Mr Justice Mitting ruled that there was no legal obligation on the government …
Milburn defends use of private sector in the NHS
Authors: A. Moscrop
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The health secretary, Alan Milburn, last week defended the government's plans to increase private sector involvement in the health service.

Speaking to the government's health select committee, Mr Milburn said that partnerships with private providers could offer “good value for money for the taxpayer and the highest standards of care for patients.” His statements were backed by a memo to the select …