tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Prevention
Authors: Roger Chou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters19 November 2013Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and PreventionRoger Chou, MDRoger Chou, MDFrom Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-10-201311190-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:To clarify, we did not exclude studies that evaluated bundled protocols for pressure ulcer prevention. Any controlled clinical trial or cohort study that compared alternative interventions for pressure ulcer prevention—including bundled protocols—was included. In fact, studies of pressure ulcer interventions did not evaluate single-component therapies in isolation but as part of multicomponent prevention strategies. However, details about these strategies were often limited, representing a shortcoming of the available literature. As noted in our review, it is important for future studies of pressure ulcer preventive interventions to better describe the other components of care that were provided.In addition, ...Reference1. Webster J, Coleman K, Mudge A, Marquart L, Gardner G, Stankiewicz M, et al. Pressure ulcers: effectiveness of risk-assessment tools. A randomised controlled trial (the ULCER trial). BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20:297-306. [PMID: 21262791] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M12-2540. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Prevention Roger Chou , Tracy Dana , Christina Bougatsos , Ian Blazina , Amy J. Starmer , Katie Reitel , and David I. Buckley Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Prevention William V. Padula , Heidi M. Wald , and Mary Beth F. Makic Metrics Cited byClosure of a Difficult-to-Manage Chronic Pressure Injury with the Use of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (APRP)Midrange Braden Subscale Scores Are Associated With Increased Risk for Pressure Injury Development Among Critical Care Patients 19 November 2013Volume 159, Issue 10Page: 718-719KeywordsClinical trialsCohort studiesConflicts of interestDisclosureForecastingPressure ulcers ePublished: 19 November 2013 Issue Published: 19 November 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
D-Dimer and the Workup of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Charlie Wray
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Activin A skews macrophage polarization by promoting a proinflammatory phenotype and inhibiting the acquisition of anti-inflammatory macrophage markers
Authors: Elena Sierra-Filardi, Amaya Puig-Kröger, Francisco J. Blanco, Concha Nieto, Rafael Bragado, M. Isabel Palomero, Carmelo Bernabéu, Miguel A. Vega, Angel L. Corbí
Journal: Blood (2011)
Monitoring aminoglycoside use in patients with severely impaired renal function.
Authors: P Noone, D F Beale, S S Pollock, M R Perera, I D Amirak, O N Fernando, J F Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Twenty patients with severely impaired renal function, 17 of wnom had recently transplanted kidneys, were treated with aminoglycosides for severe infections acquired in hospital. Serum aminoglycoside concentrations were closely monitored and dosages adjusted individually to obtain peak and trough concentrations that ensured adequate treatment while avoiding toxicity. Causative organisms were susceptible to treatment in 21 out of 26 episodes of infection (81%), and 12 of the 17 patients (71%) in whom organisms were isolated were cured. Nephrotoxicity attributable to aminoglycosides alone was not observed during the 35 courses of treatment. Ototoxicity occurred in only one patient, who had excessively high serum concentrations of amikacin. Serum aminoglycoside concentrations were directly affected by carbenicillin and flucytosine. The concurrent administration of cephradine and cephalexin with gentamicin may have produced nephrotoxicity. We conclude that aminoglycosides, when carefully monitored, are effective and safe in patients with severely impaired renal function.
Liver X Receptors in Atherosclerosis and Inflammation
Authors: Seung-Soon Im, Timothy F. Osborne
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are cholesterol-sensing nuclear receptors that are not only key regulators of lipid metabolism and transport but also suppress inflammatory signaling in macrophages through a unique mechanism of transrepression. In this brief review, we focus on the regulatory actions of LXR primarily in macrophages responding to a proatherogenic environment. LXR potentially interferes with atherosclerosis by 2 different agonist-dependent signaling pathways. The first is through promoting reverse cholesterol transportby directly activating genes of cellular cholesterol export. The second is through a general inhibitory action on proinflammatory genes where sumo-modified and agonist-bound LXR recruits negative coregulatory proteins to nuclear factor κB at immune response gene promoters through protein-protein interactions. The antiinflammatory actions of LXR may be a direct response to the proinflammatory actions recently proposed for cholesterol on inflammasome activity in the vessel wall.
The Complement Abnormalities of Lipodystrophy
Authors: J. G. Patrick Sissons, Richard J. West, Jane Fallows, D. Gwyn Williams, Barbara J. Boucher, N. Amos, D. K. Peters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Investigation of the serum complement system in 25 patients with various forms of lipodystrophy showed no abnormality in three patients with total lipodystrophy; a single patient with limb lipodystrophy had evidence of activation of the classical complement pathway. However, of the 21 patients with partial lipodystrophy, 17 had low serum C3, with normal C4 and C2, concentrations, accompanied in 14 by a serum C3 splitting factor indistinguishable from nephritic factor, suggesting activation of the alternative pathway. These abnormalities occurred in 10 patients without clinically overt renal disease. Seven patients had overt nephritis; renal biopsies obtained in six showed mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) nephritis in all. Thus, the majority of patients with partial lipodystrophy have hypocomplementemia. Although nephritis may not invariably develop, the high rate of mesangiocapillary nephritis in these patients suggests that complement activation via the alternative pathway predisposes to the development of this form of glomerular disease.
Collagenous colitis: a retrospective study of clinical presentation and treatment in 163 patients.
Authors: J Bohr, C Tysk, S Eriksson, H Abrahamsson, G Jarnerot
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Data on collagenous colitis have been based on a limited number of patients. AIMS: To obtain more information on this disease from a register set up at Orebro Medical Center Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty five Swedish hospitals have contributed to this patient register, which comprises 163 histopathologically verified cases. Clinical data were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Collagenous colitis followed a chronic intermittent course in most cases (85%) with a sudden onset in 42%. Symptoms were chronic watery diarrhoea, often nocturnal (27%), abdominal pain (41%), and weight loss (42%). Sixty six patients (40%) had one or more associated diseases. Routine laboratory data were mostly normal. The median age at diagnosis was 55 (range 16-86) years, but 25% of the patients were younger than 45 years. Seven patients died of unrelated diseases. The response rate for sulphasalazine was 59%, and 50% and 40% for mesalazine and olsalazine. Prednisolone was most effective with a response rate of 82%, but the required dose was often high and the effect was not sustained after withdrawal. Antibiotics were efficient in 63%. Cholestyramine and loperamide had response rates of 59% and 71% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Collagenous colitis follows a chronic continuous course. Symptoms can be socially disabling, but the disease does not seem to have a malignant potential. A plan for the treatment of a newly diagnosed patient with collagenous colitis is proposed.
Radiotherapy alone for Merkel cell carcinoma: A comparative and retrospective study of 25 patients
Authors: Emeline Pape, Nicolas Rezvoy, Nicolas Penel, Julia Salleron, Veronique Martinot, Pierre Guerreschi, Veronique Dziwniel, Sophie Darras, Xavier Mirabel, Laurent Mortier
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Factors Which Initiate or Influence Edema in the Isolated Dog's Heart
Authors: PETER F. SALISBURY, CECIL E. CROSS, KIMIKO KATSUHARA, P. ANDRE RIEBEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Isolated dog hearts were perfused while time heart weight was electrically recorded. Arterialized blood was pumped into a coronary perfusion reservoir either from the femoral artery of a donor dog or from the arterial outlet of various oxygenators. The right heart was widely open. The presence of myocardial edema and the rate of fluid accumulation in heart muscle were observed from the slopes of tile weight registration and from the difference of the directly measured heart weights before and after an experiment. Blood hold-up was measured in three experiments with tagged red cells: it accounted for 15 per cent or less of the observed weight gain. When the heart was perfused from a donor dog and was not otherwise injured, myocardial edema fluid did not accumulate unless the coronary pressure exceeded 200 mm. Hg. Myocardial edema also formed when blood was diluted with Ringer's solution or after cardiac injury; the rate of edema formation was then dependent on the coronary perfusion pressure. Edematous hearts could often be made to lose weight (i.e., edema fluid) when perfused at pressures below 100 mm.Hg. Perfusion with blood from a disposable bag oxygenator initiated inyocardial edema formation almost immediately.
Aiming at a Curative Strategy for Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: M. Bendandi
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2008)

Follicular lymphoma is often managed as an incurable disease. However, a substantial and growing fraction of patients are achieving long-term disease-free survival from aggressive treatment approaches. The application of novel therapeutic tools, including monoclonal antibodies, radioimmunotherapy, and vaccines, as well as new and more active chemotherapeutic agents, is producing complete responses in the majority of treated patients, with a 2-fold increase in disease- and progression-free survival in randomized trials. For some of these treatment approaches, follow up has not yet been long enough to determine a median response duration, but it certainly exceeds the "2 to 3 years" that is routinely stated as dogma to patients with this illness. Furthermore, some patients remain in complete remission beyond a decade from their initial treatment, implying that the assumption of inevitable relapse also must be challenged. One clear fact is that no patients will ever be cured by adopting a palliative treatment approach. The assumption that patients with follicular lymphoma are incurable is certain to be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Here the author summarizes the large and growing body of knowledge that suggests an expectant approach to management is not appropriate for all patients.
Bariatric surgery was dominant over conventional therapy for lifetime management of type 2 diabetes in obese patients
Authors: Scott Kahan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Keating CL, Dixon JB, Moodie ML, et al. Cost-effectiveness of surgically induced weight loss for the management of type 2 diabetes: modeled lifetime analysis. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:567-74. 19171720
Dissociation between renin and arterial pressure responses to beta-adrenergic blockade in human essential hypertension.
Authors: E L Bravo, R C Tarazi, H P Dustan, J W Lewis
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Studies were carried out in 69 patients with essential hypertension to examine the relationship between changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and arterial pressure (BP) in response to a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol. PRA had no consistent relationship with BP during treatment, either in patients receiving propranolol alone (r = 0.12) or in those receiving a combination of diuretics and propranolol (r = 0.18). Furthermore, long-term beta-adrenergic blockade failed to inhibit increases of PRA induced by diuretics or rapid sodium depletion. These results indicate that (1) beta-adrenergic blockade can reduce BP by mechanisms other than PRA suppression; and (2) the beta-adrenergic nervous system is important, but not essential, for renin release.
WHO warns of threat of "superbugs"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The World Health Organization (WHO) warned this week that the level of resistance to drugs used to treat common infectious diseases is reaching crisis point.

If governments around the world do not make greater efforts to control disease and stem the spread of resistance there will be a return to the preantibiotic era and entire populations could be wiped our by “superbugs” for which no effective treatment exists, it said.

“We currently have effective medicines to cure almost every major infectious disease,” said Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, director general of the WHO. “But we risk losing these …
Incentives for developing new antibiotics or antimicrobial strategies
Authors: U. R. Dahle, F. C. Petersen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Neonatal mortality approaches 50% in parts of Norway, cholera and typhoid fever force families to abandon their homes, parts of cities are quarantined. Tuberculosis mortality is 400/100 000 and 50% of children are absent from school. These were Norwegian statistics 100 years ago.1 The focus on antimicrobial resistance is highly relevant.2 If infections reach such proportions again, resistance …
Hypereosinophilic syndrome treated with α‐interferon and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor but complicated by nephrotoxicity
Authors: Per Boye Hansen, Hans E. Johnsen, Erik Hippe
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract A 34‐year‐old male with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and cardiac complications was treated with recombinant human α‐interferon (rhIFN) and recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) in the attempt to suppress the eosinophilic cell clones and stimulate the neutrophil myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, respectively. After 1 month of pretreatment with rhIFN, rhG‐CSF was administered daily for 22 days. Within a few days the combined treatment with rhIFN and rhG‐CSF was followed by a marked increase in absolute neutrophil count but complicated by abdominal pain and an increase in plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. The renal failure persisted when rhIFN therapy was stopped but resolved after discontinuing rhG‐CSF. The pathogenesis of this reversible renal involvement needs further investigation. In that hematological improvement in vivo as well as in vitro followed the administration of rhIFN and rhG‐CSF, a role for combined therapy with these cytokines may be advocated. However, caution with regard to kidney function should be taken with this combination therapy.
Endoscopic Exposure and Stabilization of Posterior and Inferior Branches Using the Endo-Starfish Cardiac Positioner and the Endo-Octopus Stabilizer for Closed-Chest Beating Heart Multivessel CABG: Hemodynamic Changes in the Pig
Authors: Paul F. Gründeman, Ricardo Budde, Hendricus Mansvelt Beck, Wim-Jan van Boven, Cornelius Borst
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Closed-chest, off-pump, multivessel CABG requires modified instruments to expose and stabilize posterior and inferior coronary branches. Using three new prototype devices, we explored the feasibility of endoscopic bypass grafting on these branches and assessed cardiac function during cardiac displacement. Methods— Eight pigs (75 to 85 kg) were instrumented for hemodynamics and paced at 80 to 100 bpm. After closure of the sternotomy wound, the Da Vinci endoscope was inserted subxiphoidally. A sternal hook was used to hoist the sternum ventrally by 5 cm. The articulating EndoStarfish cardiac positioner was placed through a trocar (Ø12 mm). The positioner was fixed to the apex using −400 mm Hg suction and the heart was displaced anteriorly to 90 degrees. In 12 other pigs (75 to 85 kg), both internal mammary arteries (IMA) were harvested and the sternal wound was closed. Five trocar ports were placed for instrumentation (Ø12 mm, two in left chest, two in right chest, and one subxiphoidally). For coronary stabilization, a novel deployable EndoOctopus cardiac stabilizer was employed (suction −400 mm Hg). The Da Vinci robot-telemanipulator system was used for endoscopic grafting of the left and right IMA on posterior and inferior branches (16 anastomoses). Results— When circumflex arteries were fully exposed and accessible for coronary surgery, stroke volume decreased by 18%±3 versus baseline ( P =0.02) and mean arterial pressure decreased by 27%±6 ( P =0.001). Additional 10 degrees Trendelenburg head-down positioning normalized stroke volume and arterial pressure. In the displaced heart, obtuse marginal branches (OM) and the ramus descending posterior (RDP) of the right coronary artery became fully exposed with a mean arterial pressure &gt;70 mm Hg during grafting. No accidental detachment occurred. Coronary target motion was restrained to approximately 1×1 mm. In two test cases, five sham distal anastomoses were created (grafts sewn to epicardium, left IMA to OM2 jump to OM3, right IMA to RDP, and composite graft from left IMA jump to diagonal branch). In 10 animals, 16 successfully completed anastomoses to RPD and OM branches of Ø1.75 to 2.5 mm required 25 to 60 minutes each to construct. At sacrifice, all anastomoses were patent. Conclusion— In the closed-chest pig in Trendelenburg position and during lifting of the sternum, the EndoStarfish and EndoOctopus enabled IMA grafting of posterior and inferior branches on the beating heart without mean arterial pressure dropping below 70 mm Hg.
Serial echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular geometry and function after large myocardial infarction in the rat.
Authors: S E Litwin, S E Katz, J P Morgan, P S Douglas
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The development of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (MI) may be related to alterations of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. Pathological LV remodeling may exacerbate systolic and diastolic dysfunction because increased cavity dimensions tend to increase LV wall stress. Unfortunately, many complicating factors have made it difficult to clearly define the time course of LV remodeling after myocardial infarction in patients, and the contribution of structural changes to altered function has not been fully explored. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the type, magnitude, and time course of changes in LV geometry and function, we performed transthoracic Doppler echocardiographic examinations in rats before and 1 and 6 weeks after transmural MI induced by coronary ligation. LV internal diastolic dimension was greater in infarcted than in sham-operated rats at 1 and 6 weeks after MI (9.4 +/- 0.6 versus 8.0 +/- 0.5 and 10.1 +/- 0.9 versus 8.5 +/- 0.9 mm, respectively; P &lt; .05 compared with sham-operated rats). There was significant thinning of the infarcted anterior wall at 1 and 6 weeks (0.99 +/- 0.2 versus 1.33 +/- 0.19 and 0.96 +/- 0.22 versus 1.51 +/- 0.18 mm, P &lt; .05), while the thickness of the noninfarcted posterior wall increased but was not different from normal growth in sham-operated rats. Six weeks after surgery, fractional shortening was impaired (11 +/- 5% versus 35 +/- 5%, P &lt; .05), and systolic thickening of the noninfarcted posterior wall was depressed (38 +/- 9% versus 67 +/- 18%, P &lt; .05) in infarcted rats compared with shams. These changes in structure and systolic function were accompanied by progressive alterations in LV diastolic filling. Peak early filling velocity increased at 1 and 6 weeks in MI rats (91 +/- 9 versus 79 +/- 9 and 100 +/- 14 versus 74 +/- 11 cm/s, P &lt; .05), and the deceleration rate of the early filling wave was more rapid in rats with MI (21.6 +/- 5.0 versus 15.6 +/- 3.1 and 26.1 +/- 9.8 versus 11.2 +/- 2.7 m/s2, P &lt; .05). Late filling velocity was decreased (16 +/- 15 versus 33 +/- 7 and 15 +/- 18 versus 34 +/- 5 cm/s, P &lt; .05), resulting in a marked increase in the ratio of early to late filling. The peak velocity and the velocity-time integral of LV outflow did not change after MI. CONCLUSIONS Postinfarction LV remodeling in the rat is characterized by progressive cavity dilatation, inadequate hypertrophy of the surviving myocardium, the gradual development of regional contractile dysfunction in noninfarcted segments, and marked abnormalities of diastolic filling. These changes can be tracked longitudinally with transthoracic echocardiography.
398 PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF HCC FREE SURVIVAL IN 203 PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS CLASSED CHILD PUGH A AND HCC (≤ 5CM) TREATED BY RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION (RFA)
Authors: G. Nkontchou, O. Seror, A. Mahamoudi, A. Mounir, N. Ganne Carrie, V. Grando Lemaire, E. Vicaut, J.C. Trinchet, M. Beaugrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)