tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of photodamage with topical tretinoin: An overview
Authors: Barbara A. Gilchrest
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)

Topical administration of tretinoin has proved to be effective in treating clinical signs of photodamaged skin. In large-scale, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trials, 0.05% tretinoin emollient cream (Renova, Retinova) reduced fine wrinkles and skin roughness, and it produced histologic changes such as epidermal thickening, increased granular layer thickness, stratum comeum compaction, and decreased melanin content. Smaller changes were also observed at lower tretinoin concentrations. Continued for another 6 months, 0.05% tretinoin emollient cream produced some additional clinical improvement but the histologic changes observed in the epidermis (with the exception of melanin content) regressed toward baseline, raising questions as to what was responsible for the clinical improvement. After 12 months of treatment, there were additional signs of tissue normalization including deposition of new collagen in the papillary dermis and ultrastructural evidence of dermal reconstruction with improvement in the dermoepidermal junction and correction of keratinocyte degeneration, changes that presumably relate directly to tretinoin's mechanism of action. There was no suggestion of cytologic atypia in these studies or in biopsy specimens obtained after up to 4 years of continued use. Mild to moderate dermatitis was the only common adverse reaction to tretinoin use. Percutaneous tretinoin absorption is low, raising plasma levels by amounts that are negligible compared with the normally low endogenous tretinoin levels. No teratogenic effects have been observed in retrospective studies of topical tretinoin application during the first trimester of pregnancy. Thus, topical tretinoin is safe and effective in the treatment of photodamage.
Study finds US paediatric medical errors kill 4500 children a year
Authors: Anne Harding
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Medical errors in hospital are responsible for the deaths of nearly 4500 children in the United States every year, says a study examining the effect of lapses in patient safety on children in hospitals throughout the nation ( Pediatrics 2004;113:1741-6).

“The bottom line is that none of these events should have happened,” said Dr Marlene R Miller, the study's lead author and director of quality and safety initiatives at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center in Baltimore.

Children less than 1 year old and those covered by Medicaid, the government's insurance programme for poor people, were most likely to experience medical errors, Dr Miller and Dr Chunliu Zhan …
The Placebo Effect
Authors: Laurence W. Fligor
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I write to remark on your COMMENTARY (232:1225, 1975) from the standpoint of the pharmacist who can unknowingly nullify the desired placebo effect. A significant number of prescriptions are now paid for by third-party carriers (welfare departments and company insurance plans). These carriers will not pay for inert placebos; therefore, the pharmacist must charge the patient for these prescriptions. Patients made aware of the fact that a non-legend drug has been prescribed usually consider themselves "duped" by their physicians and refuse the prescription (and usually seek another physician). If the physician has determined that the patient is one of those fastdisappearing individuals, the cash customer, it would prevent problems if the doctor would telephone the prescription to the pharmacist and explain the circumstances so that the pharmacist can support the claims of the physician. Even if the patient does not pay for his own prescriptions, there is
Vertigo Following Whiplash— Vertebral Artery Injury?-Reply
Authors: H. O. Barber
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Carney's letter reminds his readers of a rare but important event, injury to a vertebral artery. When this occurs, and major ischemic consequences to the brain stem follow, the clinical picture includes major neurologic deficit with multiple features, presumably never an isolated abnormality such as vertigo and nystagmus. One might make a theoretical argument for complete or partial labyrinthine artery occlusion, but the almost inevitable consequence of this would be not only a considerable unilateral vestibular disturbance but also a substantial degree of hearing loss on the same side. In my view, major labyrinthine artery occlusion cannot be identified in the absence of either hearing or vestibular abnormality (caloric reduction). The patient referred to in Dr Carney's letter had normal hearing and was found to be neurologically intact by a consultant neurologist within 24 hours of onset of his severe vertigo. Sudden vestibular loss, partial or complete
Personal best marathon performance is associated with performance in a 24-h run and not anthropometry or training volume
Authors: B Knechtle, A Wirth, P Knechtle, K Zimmermann, G Kohler
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

In this study, the influence of anthropometric and training parameters on race performance in ultra-endurance runners in a 24-h run was investigated.Descriptive field study.24-h run in Basel 2007.15 male Caucasian ultra-runners (mean (SD) 46.7 (5.8 years), 71.1 (6.8 kg), 1.76 (0.07 m), body mass index 23.1 (1.84 kg/m(2))).None.Age, body mass, body height, length of lower limbs, skin-fold thicknesses, circumference of extremities, skeletal muscle mass, body mass, percentage of body fat, and training volume in 15 successful finishers were determined to correlate anthropometric and training parameters with race performance.No significant association (p>0.05) was found between the reached distance and the anthropometric properties. There was also no significant association between the reached distance with the weekly training hours, running years, the number of finished marathons and the number of finished 24-h runs. The reached distance was significantly (p<0.05) positively correlated with the personal best marathon performance (r(2) = 0.40) and the personal best 24-h run distance (r(2) = 0.58). Furthermore, the personal best marathon performance was significantly and positively correlated (p<0.01) with the best personal 24-h run distance (r(2) = 0.76).Anthropometry and training volume does not seem to have a major effect on race performance in a 24-h run. Instead, a fast personal best marathon time seems to be the only positive association with race performance in a 24-h run.
A New Series on Biostatistics
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The Special Article in this issue by DerSimonian et al. on "Reporting on Methods in Clinical Trials" is the first in a new series of articles on biostatistics that the Journal plans to publish over the next year or two. This series is the fruit of an educational research project undertaken by Frederick Mosteller and John C. Bailar and their colleagues in the Department of Biostatistics of the Harvard University School of Public Health, with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation. With the cooperation of the editors of the Journal, Professors Mosteller and Bailar and their associates have been . . .
ARREST OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PROGRESSION AND REDUCTION IN INFLAMMATORY BURDEN BY LONGTERM APOCYNIN TREATMENT: MOLECULAR AND ULTRASOUND IMAGING OF VASCULAR PHENOTYPE
Authors: Ya Ni Liu, Brian Davidson, Qi Yue, Yan Zhao, Todd Belcik, Aris Xie, Yoichi Inaba, Ruggeri M. Zaverio, Beat Kaufmann, Jonathan Lindner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
ROCK Controls Matrix Synthesis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Rene Chapados, Khotaro Abe, Kaori Ihida-Stansbury, David McKean, Adam T. Gates, Michael Kern, Sandra Merklinger, John Elliott, Anne Plant, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Peter Lloyd Jones
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expressed within remodeling systemic and pulmonary arteries (PAs), where it supports vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Previously, we showed that A10 SMCs cultivated on native type I collagen possess a spindle-shaped morphology and do not express TN-C, whereas those on denatured collagen possess a well-defined F-actin stress fiber network, a spread morphology, and they do express TN-C. To determine whether changes in cytoskeletal architecture control TN-C, SMCs on denatured collagen were treated with cytochalasin D, which decreased SMC spreading and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), signaling effectors required for TN-C transcription. Next, to determine whether cell shape, dictated by the F-actin cytoskeleton, regulates TN-C, different geometries of SMCs (ranging from spread to round) were engineered on denatured collagen: as SMCs progressively rounded, ERK1/2 activity and TN-C transcription declined. Because RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK) regulate cell morphology by controlling cytoskeletal architecture, we reasoned that these factors might also regulate TN-C. Indeed, SMCs on denatured collagen possessed higher levels of RhoA activity than those on native collagen, and blocking RhoA or ROCK activities attenuated SMC spreading, ERK1/2 activity, and TN-C expression in SMCs on denatured collagen. Thus, ROCK controls the configuration of the F-actin cytoskeleton and SMC shape in a manner that is permissive for ERK1/2-dependent production of TN-C. Finally, we showed that inhibition of ROCK activity suppresses SMC TN-C expression and disease progression in hypertensive rat PAs. Thus, in addition to its role in regulating vasoconstriction, ROCK also controls matrix production.
Rupture of the Renal Artery After Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty-Reply
Authors: Mark H. Wholey
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Kaufman that angioplasty should never be performed simply because an anatomic lesion has been discovered and that a surgeon should be available in most cases should a complication arise during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. However, in this particular case, the patient had severe congestive heart failure and unstable angina pectoris and would never have tolerated surgical intervention had it become necessary. If angioplasty had not been performed, she would have been relegated to chronic dialysis, in which the prognosis is particularly poor for patients with atherosclerotic renal artery disease. In the study by Novick et al,<sup>1</sup>the mean survival time for patients on dialysis was 8.7 months, compared with 96 months for those who underwent surgical revascularization. We felt that since the patient was not a candidate for surgery, any measure to restore renal function was worth the risk. With reference to the comments
Extending neurites sense the depth of the underlying topography during neuronal differentiation and contact guidance
Authors: Jie Shi Chua, Choon-Peng Chng, Aung Aung Kywe Moe, Jason Y. Tann, Eyleen L.K. Goh, Keng-Hwee Chiam, Evelyn K.F. Yim
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
David Douglas French
Authors: R. French
Journal: BMJ (2003)

General practitioner Kidsgrove, Staffordshire (b Newcastle upon Tyne 1936; q Guy's Hospital, London, 1962; DObst RCOG), d 1 February 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




He was a principal in general practice in Westbury, Wiltshire, from 1965 to 1970 and in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1970 to 1979. In Canada he trained as a pilot. He returned to England in 1979 and joined his father's practice in Kidsgrove. David was a man of many interests—a great lover of books, photography, music, the theatre, and astronomy. He had a humorous sense of the absurd that never diminished despite severe arthritis. He leaves a wife, Josephine; four children; and two grandchildren.
Load dependence of isovolumic relaxation in intact heart: facts or artifacts?
Authors: S. PERLINI, F. SOFFIANTINO, C. FARILLA, P. SOLDA, A. CALCIATI, M. PARO, G. FINARDI, L. BERNARDI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Load dependence of isovolumic relaxation in intact heart: facts or artifacts? Get access STEFANO PERLINI, STEFANO PERLINI From the First Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FRANCESCO SOFFIANTINO, FRANCESCO SOFFIANTINO From the First Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar COSIMA FARILLA, COSIMA FARILLA From the First Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PIERLUIGI SOLDA, PIERLUIGI SOLDA From the First Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALESSANDRO CALCIATI, ALESSANDRO CALCIATI From the First Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MAURIZIO PARO, MAURIZIO PARO From the First Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GIORGIO FINARDI, GIORGIO FINARDI From the First Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LUCIANO BERNARDI LUCIANO BERNARDI From the First Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 1988, Pages 47–54, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.1.47 Published: 01 January 1988 Article history Received: 20 January 1987 Accepted: 30 July 1987 Published: 01 January 1988
Integrating Emerging Disciplines
Authors: John A. Benson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The dynamics of medicine force us to continually update the content of residency curricula. Before selecting the material to be added or withdrawn from the curricula, goals for the desired product must be established. Further, the potential effects of emerging disciplines on the structure and composition of departments and residencies must be carefully considered. The Residency Review Committee for Internal Medicine (RRC-IM) is the principal instrument for forcing the integration of emerging disciplines into clinical education. Several questions must be considered when deciding how best to integrate these new disciplines. Should selected internists be designated to teach them? What are the most appropriate training sites? Which disciplines should be linked for pedagogic efficiency and relevance? How do we separate the educational pathways for generalists and subspecialists? The strategy of requiring additional training for a second certificate from the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) has served internal medicine well for 50 years. Innovations in science and technology, however, are occurring at an accelerated pace. One solution may be to separate standardized residency training into multiple 4-year tracks that produce variously skilled graduates.
Measuring glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations in a diabetic clinic.
Authors: B J Boucher, S G Welch
Journal: BMJ (1981)

supplied by Bio-Rad Laboratories.Approximately 70-80% of the fast haemoglobin fraction measured by this technique is HBALC.2Two units of whole blood, collected in ordinary donor bags with citrate phosphate dextrose, were stored at 4°C and tested on days 1, 3, 7, 15, 21, and 28.Storage of red cells in citrate phosphate dextrose: follow up of values of HbAj, hydrogen ion concen- tration, and glucose concentration Day of Mean % Mean Mean glucose storage IIbA, pH concentration (mmol/l)
Polyion complex stability and gene silencing efficiency with a siRNA-grafted polymer delivery system
Authors: Hiroyasu Takemoto, Atsushi Ishii, Kanjiro Miyata, Masataka Nakanishi, Makoto Oba, Takehiko Ishii, Yuichi Yamasaki, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Services for people with neurological conditions are poor value for money
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Department of Health spending on neurological conditions increased by almost 40% over four years yet there was little to show for it, says a report from the National Audit Office.

The report, which focuses on Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and motor neurone disease, says there has been little progress since the national service framework for long term conditions was introduced in 2005. In the UK, two million people are estimated to have neurological conditions, excluding migraine.

“We don’t believe the current spending is value for money,” said David Moon, director of health value for money studies at the National Audit Office and author of the report. Health spending on neurological services increased by 38% in real terms from £2.1bn (€2.5bn; $3.26bn) in 2006-7 to £2.9bn in 2009-10. This was part of local commissioners’ general budget and was not ring fenced by the Department of Health.

The national service framework set out 11 quality requirements that were supposed to be fully implemented by 2015. “Implementation of these quality requirements has been poor and …
Expression and Inhibitory Function of Siglecs on Culture-Derived Human Mast Cells (MC)
Authors: H. Yokoi, K. Matsumoto, P.R. Crocker, H. Saito, C.A. Bickel, W. Hubbard, S.A. Hudson, B.S. Bochner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Abstract 166: MicroRNA profiling analysis identify new signature of tumor-promoting M2-type macrophages
Authors: Yee Seng Ng, Hernan Roca, Sudha Sud, Kenneth J. Pienta, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Evan T. Keller, Zachary S. Varsos, Christopher A. Maher, Xuhong Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract M2-type macrophages are a major inflammatory component in prostate cancer and are associated with cancer cell growth, survival, and metastasis. Since recent findings have demonstrated the importance of microRNAs in the differentiation of human cells, we hypothesize that microRNAs are involved in regulating monocytic differentiation into M2-type macrophages and we aim to identify the microRNAs involved. Methods: Human CD14+ PBMCs were isolated from healthy donors and stimulated with cytokines known to promote differentiation into the M2-type macrophages (IL4, IL13, IL6, and MCSF). As controls, we also treated cells with media only and with INFγ, a cytokine known to promote M1-type polarization. Cells were collected at 48 hours post-stimulation and sent for microRNA profiling by microarray. Microarray findings were then confirmed by qRT-PCR. Results: Microarray profiling of cytokine-stimulated M2-type macrophages demonstrated an altered miRNA expression compared to M1-type macrophages and untreated monocytic cells. Specifically, of the 858 microRNAs that were profiled, miR-135a, miR-193b, miR-203, miR-302, miR-375, miR-452, miR-511, miR-603, miR-622, miR-654, miR-938 and miR-1238 were found to be up-regulated by greater than 2 folds. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the microarray results. When the qRT-PCR analysis was repeated for cells treated with cytokines for 6 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours, we noticed that the overexpression in these microRNAs could already be observed at 6 hours post-treatment, although the expression levels were noticeably greater at later timepoints. Flow cytometric analysis showed the surface expression of CD206 (mannose receptor: the well characterized surface marker of M2-type macrophages) in both MCSF and IL-4-treated cells but only after at least 18 hours of stimulation. Conclusions: MicroRNA expression in PBMCs is altered when they are stimulated by M2-type promoting cytokines and the change in microRNA expression preceded the expression of the M2-specific CD206 surface marker. This change in microRNA expression can therefore be used as a marker for M2-polarized macrophages and may play critical roles in the regulation of macrophage differentiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 166. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-166
Hang-gliding accidents.
Authors: R Margreiter, L J Lugger
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Seventy-five known hang-gliding accidents causing injury to the pilot occurred in the Tyrol during 1973-6. Most occurred in May, June, or September and between 11 am and 3 pm, when unfavourable thermic conditions are most likely. Thirty-four accidents happened during launching, 13 during flight, and 28 during landing, and most were caused by human errors--especially deficient launching technique; incorrect estimation of wind conditions, altitude, and speed; and choice of unfavourable launching and landing sites. Eight pilots were moderately injured, 60 severely (multiply in 24 cases), and seven fatally; fractures of the spine and arms predominated. Six of the 21 skull injuries were fatal. The risk of hang-gliding seems unjustifiably high, and safety precautions and regulations should be adopted to ensure certain standards of training and equipment and to limit flying to favourable sites and times.
Commentary by the Current President of the Institute of Medicine
Authors: Samuel O. Thier
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE INSTITUTE of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences is 18 years old this year. Its conception and birth are well documented in this issue ofTHE JOURNALby Page.<sup>1</sup>Dr Page was a vigorous proponent of an entity such as the IOM and it is fair for him to ask how it is doing as it emerges from adolescence. The IOM was born in conflict between those who saw the organization as narrowly based in biomedical science (basic and clinical), speaking for medicine, and those who saw it as more broadly based, speaking about medicine. The latter position prevailed, but the National Academy of Sciences had distinct reservations about the new IOM formed under its charter and withheld from it some key activities of the National Research Council dealing with health. These complications of birth were compounded by the financial support of the infant IOM. Foundations
A protective role for the A1 adenosine receptor in adenosine-dependent pulmonary injury
Authors: Chun-Xiao Sun, Hays W. Young, Jose G. Molina, Jonathan B. Volmer, Jurgen Schnermann, Michael R. Blackburn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Adenosine is a signaling nucleoside that has been implicated in the regulation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Adenosine signaling can serve both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in tissues and cells. In this study we examined the contribution of A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR) signaling to the pulmonary inflammation and injury seen in adenosine deaminase-deficient (ADA-deficient) mice, which exhibit elevated adenosine levels. Experiments revealed that transcript levels for the A(1)AR were elevated in the lungs of ADA-deficient mice, in which expression was localized predominantly to alveolar macrophages. Genetic removal of the A(1)AR from ADA-deficient mice resulted in enhanced pulmonary inflammation along with increased mucus metaplasia and alveolar destruction. These changes were associated with the exaggerated expression of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in the lungs, together with increased expression of chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases. These findings demonstrate that the A(1)AR plays an anti-inflammatory and/or protective role in the pulmonary phenotype seen in ADA-deficient mice, which suggests that A(1)AR signaling may serve to regulate the severity of pulmonary inflammation and remodeling seen in chronic lung diseases by controlling the levels of important mediators of pulmonary inflammation and damage.