tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bioptic Microbiology in the Differential Diagnosis of Enterocolitis
Authors: E. Bayerdörffer, W. Höchter, G. Schwarzkopf-Steinhauser, P. Blümel, A. Schmiedel, R. Ottenjann
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Parameters in the differential diagnosis of enterocolitis have been poorly evident for many years. Development and profitable employment of endoscopic instruments were the first step towards advancing the diagnostic facilities in inflammatory bowel disease. The microbiologic examination of mucosal biopsies creates a new diagnostic dimension, and it distinctly seems to increase the diagnostic sensitivity for pathogens. Within fifteen months 152 patients admitted to the gastroenterologic unit with acute, or symptoms of exacerbated, bowel disease were examined for the aetiologic agents. Compared with former reports, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IIBD) such as Crohn's disease (32.2%) and ulcerative colitis (18.4%) were decreased. Infectious colitis (22.3%), mostly Campylobacter or Yersinia infections, was, sometimes exclusively, diagnosed by bioptic microbiology, non-classifiable forms of colitis (21.7%), and rare forms (5.4%) were diagnosed more often. It proved to be important that IIBD was frequently superinfected by Campylobacter, Yersinia and Chlamydia, and the differential diagnosis was complicated, since these microorganisms can mimic IIBD. The results suggest that coloileoscopy combined with bioptic microbiologic investigation additional to faecal samples should include a search for Campylobacter and Yersinia. It appears indispensable that the final diagnosis "Crohn's disease" or "ulcerative colitis" should be confirmed by sequential coloileoscopy and microbiologic examination.
Efficacy of intra-articular primatised anti-CD4 in resistant rheumatoid knees
Authors: M. SMITH;
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

An interesting paper was published recently in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases examining the effect of intra-articular administration of primatised anti-CD4 antibody in the knee joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and persistent synovitis, unresponsive to treatment.1The paper correctly detailed the disappointing results obtained in clinical trials with parenteral treatment with anti-CD4 antibodies, particularly in view of the supposed pivotal role of CD4 positive T cells in the chronic synovial inflammatory response.

The paper showed an apparent improvement in the knee synovitis in patients treated with a low (three patients) and high (seven patients) dose of intra-articular anti-CD4 antibody and no response in two patients treated with placebo, using a combination of magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopic scoring of the synovitis, and immunohistochemical labelling of the synovial biopsy specimens.

An obvious omission from this paper was any doctor or patient derived clinical parameters to allow the reader to assess the benefit, if any, of this treatment for the patient. The only indication of the clinical efficacy of this treatment in the paper was the statement that two of the patients receiving low …
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SHIGA TOXIN AND TOXOID
Authors: René J. Dubos, James W. Geiger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

1. Shigella dysenteriae (Shiga) can, under the proper cultural conditions, produce a soluble toxin which is independent of the specific somatic polysaccharide antigen. A method is described for the rapid production of this toxin by an avirulent R variant of this organism. 2. The amount of bacterial protoplasm synthesized, and the yield of toxin produced, are very much increased when the culture is grown under conditions which favor aerobic metabolism and which do not permit accumulation of organic acids. 3. Although addition of an excess of inorganic iron to the medium does not interfere with the synthesis of bacterial protoplasm, maximal toxin production is obtained only in media which have been freed of the metal. 4. R Shiga bacilli grown under conditions of extreme aerobiosis at pH 7.0 in a simple medium free of inorganic iron and containing fumaric acid, glucose, meat extract, and peptone, give rise within 24 to 36 hours to cultures exhibiting a high degree of toxicity. The toxic principle rapidly becomes soluble as the cells die; it can be concentrated, purified, and freed of phosphorus by selective precipitation methods. 5. The toxin is fairly resistant to heat at pH 6.0 but rapidly denatured at pH 9.0. It is only slowly inactivated by trypsin. It filters readily and without loss of activity through anionic exchange resins but is precipitated and adsorbed by cationic resins which retain the nitrogen and toxic activity of the preparation. 6. The most active preparations of toxin available possess an LD(50) of 1 to 10 microg. for mice and rabbits. Young mice (up to 5 weeks of age) are more resistant than older animals. 7. The soluble toxin can be detoxified by treatment with 0.5 per cent formalin at pH 8.5; detoxification does not take place at lower pH whereas treatment at higher pH destroys specific antigenicity. Mice immunized with Shiga toxoid (in solution, or in the form of an alum precipitate) develop active immunity to the toxin.
Effect of low doses of ionising radiation in infancy on cognitive function in adulthood: Swedish population based cohort study
Authors: P. Hall
Journal: BMJ (2004)

To determine whether exposure to low doses of ionising radiation in infancy affects cognitive function in adulthood.Population based cohort study.Sweden.3094 men who had received radiation for cutaneous haemangioma before age 18 months during 1930-59.Radiation dose to frontal and posterior parts of the brain, and association between dose and intellectual capacity at age 18 or 19 years based on cognitive tests (learning ability, logical reasoning, spatial recognition) and high school attendance.The proportion of boys who attended high school decreased with increasing doses of radiation to both the frontal and the posterior parts of the brain from about 32% among those not exposed to around 17% in those who received > 250 mGy. For the frontal dose, the multivariate odds ratio was 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.85, P for trend 0.0003) and for the posterior dose it was 0.59 (0.23 to 1.47, 0.0005). A negative dose-response relation was also evident for the three cognitive tests for learning ability and logical reasoning but not for the test of spatial recognition.Low doses of ionising radiation to the brain in infancy influence cognitive abilities in adulthood.
Results of Surgical Treatment without Antiseptics in the Kilmarnock Infirmary
Authors: J. C. McVail
Journal: BMJ (1880)

method, to effect union without constitutional disturbance; and in those cases where I have cut down upon and pegged the bones, the patients have all done well.Those on the femur are undoubtedly the testing cases.In several of Mr. Lister's eight cases, we find the operation had to be repeated befote union was accomplished; in one, it failed; and in one, amputation was resorted to in order to save life.In the only case I have met with and operated on, as stated in my paper, the case did well without special antiseptic precautions; but I do not draw deductions from one case, and, in such cases as resection of the femur for ununited fracture, I should not be inclined to neglect any means likely to preclude risk.Mr. Lister seems to object to my saying that I considered his state- ment about the treatment of abscesses connected with diseased bones or joints as exaggerated, and likely to interfere with what I considered one of the best parts of the system.He asks, "Can Mr. Spence sup- pose," etc.Now the question is not what I suppose, but what Mr. Lister said ; and I repeat that anyone who contrasts Mr. Lister's present
Dermatologie et psychosomatique en pratique quotidienne
Authors: E. Calas
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The dermatologist has a 'grand-stand view'! He is presented with an audio-visual show in which the skin is the chief actor, and pruritus, the leading symptom in functional dermatology, gives expression to an unending range of suffering in the dermis and epidermis. Charpy has compared the skin to a frontier organ, almost like an extended brain. Its frontier pathology comprises diseases in which the psychosomatic element is supreme. We pay hommage to Balint's patient-centred medicine. Dermatology is privileged because the principal protagonists, both patient and doctor, play with open hands. We are convinced that one must take account of the patient's psychology and do what he expects of us, that is enter into his skin!
Coarctation of the Aorta with Congestive Heart Failure and Severe Azotemia — Successful Surgical Treatment in a Neonate
Authors: Donal M. Billig, John M. Braver, Jordan B. Greenfield, Marshall B. Kreidberg, Harvey L. Chernoff, M. A. Ali Khan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

COARCTATION of the aortic isthmus in combination with other cardiovascular anomalies is frequently responsible for congestive heart failure in the early weeks of lile. Though many of these infants are oliguric as a consequence of cardiac failure, and may have modest elevations of blood urea nitrogen as a result, striking and persistently increasing azotemia has not been documented unless concomitant genitourinary anomalies are also present. In such a neonate, but one with a normal genitourinary mechanism, rapid improvement in renal function followed division of the ductus and repair of the coarctation.Case SummaryA 2-day-old female infant was transferred to . . .
Deficit of Doctors
Authors: Fred. R. Craddock
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<h3></h3> Cancer nanomedicine primarily aim to direct drugs delivery to cancer cells but tumoraccumulation remains suboptimal (Mittelheisser et al. Adv. Mater., 2022). To circumvent thislimitation, activating immune cells with nanoparticles (NPs) is an emerging concept.However, upon engagement, whether NPs change the fate of immune cells that take themup remains unknown and one needs to throughly assess such impact to identify optimal NPs.Here, we characterized the response of immune cells to a selection of nanomaterialsclassically used in biomedical applications. Doing so, we aim at rationalizing the selection ofspecific NPs to undergo novel targeted approaches. Through bulk RNA-sequencing andproteomic analyses, we first investigated the impact of 6 NPs (lipidic, polymeric,organic/inorganic) on negatively isolated CD3 - CD56 + human NK cells and CD3 + human panT cells. Amongst all the NPs studied, we observed that the oxidated carbon nanotubestriggered wide transcriptome and proteome modifications in both pan-T and NK cells,whereas the other NPs exhibit mild to low impact into both NK and pan T-cells. Interestingly,we observed that only polymeric NPs induced a pre-activated state in NK cells with anoverexpression of the CCL5 chemokine and the cathepsin Z. Based on these results, weidentified one type of polymeric NPs as potential candidate for further NK cell targetingapproaches. <h3>Disclosure Information</h3> <b>V. Mittelheisser:</b> None. <b>X. Coubez:</b> None. <b>O. Lefebvre:</b> None. <b>J.G. Goetz:</b> None. <b>A. Detappe:</b> None.
Absence of functional mitral regurgitation (MR) despite severely reduced left ventricular function: Insights into the mechanism of MR
Authors: Dan Gilon, Myung-Yong Lee, Leng Jiang, Yutaka Otsuji, Haralambos Karvounis, Marc J. Roy, Arthur E. Weyman, Robert A. Levine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Is Premedication Necessary in Diagnostic Endoscopy of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract?
Authors: A. Archimandritis, M. Tjivras, M. Tryphonos, P. Delikaris, T. Diamantis
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

See also: Oral Sedation for Diagnostic Upper EndoscopyEndoscopy 1991; 23(01): 8-10DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010598
Gender differences in COPD: are women more susceptible to smoking effects than men?
Authors: M. R. Miller, R. E. Jordan, P. Adab
Journal: Thorax (2010)

hilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary lesions (figure 1).Pancreas biopsies revealed chronic pancreatitis.Accessory salivary gland and coeliac adenopathy biopsies showed noncaseating giant-cell epithelioid granuloma.The tuberculin purified protein derivative test and the Quantiferon assay were both negative.Laboratory analysis revealed a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia with IgG level at 35 g/l; serum IgG4 level was increased at 6.8 g/l (normal<0.8g/l), white blood cell count revealed a lymphopenia (1000 mm 3 /l) and ACE was within the normal range.Because of the histological picture of nontuberculous granulomas, and mediastinal lymph nodes with pulmonary involvement on chest CT, sarcoidosis associated with an IgG4+ MOLPS was diagnosed.Corticosteroids (1 mg/kg/day) led to a dramatic improvement in the general and digestive manifestations within a 1-year follow-up.AIP is a form of chronic pancreatitis characterised by a high serum IgG4 concentration and abundant IgG4-bearing plasma cell infiltration in the pancreatic lesion.This entity has been reported to be associated with a variety of extrapancreatic lesions.It is generally accepted that this form of pancreatitis is a part of a multi-systemic clinical syndrome, and this disease was redefined as 'IgG4-positive multi-organ lymphoproliferative syndrome'. 2 Recently, Tsushima et al 3 compared the clinicopathological features of pulmonary lesions in 19 patients with AIP and 8 patients with sarcoidosis; 17 of the 19 patients with AIP showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, while 8 showed pulmonary nodules.IgG4-positive plasma cells were identified in the pulmonary lesions of patients with AIP.Our patient presented an authentic chronic pancreatitis with a significant increase in serum IgG4 level.She fulfilled the revised diagnostic criteria for AIP. 4 Because of the presence of pulmonary lesions and hilar lymphadenopathies, salivary gland and coeliac adenopathies were biopsied, and they both revealed non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas.Although sarcoidosis is uncommon in the elderly, the presence of disseminated granulomatous lesions led us to suspect sarcoidosis.However, it is difficult to determine whether our 80-year-old patient has an IgG4related disease with systemic granulomatous lesions or an association of AIP with true sarcoidosis.To our knowledge, such an association of AIP with granulomatous lesions mimicking sarcoidosis has never been reported previously in the literature, and this enlarges the spectrum of IgG4-related disease.
Experimental myocardial infarction. XIII. Sequential changes in left ventricular pressure-length relationships in the acute phase.
Authors: F A Pirzada, E A Ekong, P S Vokonas, C S Apstein, W B Hood
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Diastolic pressure-length relationships of an ischemic region of the canine left ventricle were measured over a six-hour period following left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, and their evolution was compared with the extent of systolic aneurysmal bulging. Normalized ischemic segment length excursion, which after coronary artery ligation may be taken as a measure of systolic aneurysmal bulging, increased during the first hour after ligation but thereafter declined toward control values. Concurrently, reciprocal changes were demonstrated in the slope of the end-diastolic pressure-length curves obtained during transient pressure loading of the left ventricle. These data show that the magnitude of acute systolic aneurysmal bulging followed experimental coronary artery ligation is determined not only by loss of contractile function, but also by changes in passive pressure-length relationships of the myocardium. Moreover, the results indicate that development of akinesis in experimental ischemia, heretofore demonstrated only in the chronic phase of infarction, may begin within hours of the onset of myocardial ischemia.
Inhibition of Human Platelet Function in Vivo with a Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Barry S. Coller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

The F(ab')2 fragment of a monoclonal antibody to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (7E3) is a potent inhibitor of both in-vitro platelet aggregation and in-vivo platelet thrombus formation in animal studies. As a first step in assessing the potential of 7E3-F(ab')2 as an antithrombotic agent for use in humans, we administered 7E3-F(ab')2 intravenously at increasing doses to a person who had just died and was being maintained on a respirator (neomort). At 0.1 and at 0.2 mg/kg body weight, 74% and 92% of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors were blocked, respectively; adenosine-diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by 84% and 100% at these same doses. Platelet glycoprotein Ib function remained intact, even at 0.6 mg/kg. Acute hemodynamic or hemorrhagic toxicity was not noted. This antibody fragment, a potent, immediate-acting inhibitor of platelet aggregation, may be of benefit in vaso-occlusive and thromboembolic disorders.
Integration of Cephalopelvimetry into an Obstetric Ward Service
Authors: Gerhart S. Schwarz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

A STATISTICAL analysis of the correlation of x-ray cephalopelvimetry to obstetric outcome has just been completed. The records of 350 patients measured by the Ball method and delivered on the wards of the Sloane Hospital for Women were studied. The accuracy of the method was found to be high — between 98 and 100 per cent — when disproportion was absent (negative accuracy), but only fair — 90 per cent at the inlet and 73 per cent at the midpelvis — when disproportion was present (positive accuracy). The greatest fault was the large number of borderline x-ray diagnoses in which . . .
1147 5-year follow-up of 998 chronic hepatitis B patients to determine long-term safety of lamivudine and clinical consequences of lamivudine-resistant mutations
Authors: A LOK, C LAI, N LEUNG, G YAO, Z CUI, E SCHIFF, J DIENSTAG, J HEATHCOTE, N LITTLE, D GRIFFITHS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
The Marihuana-Induced "Social High"
Authors: Ernst A. Rodin, Edward F. Domino, James P. Porzak
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Ten healthy freshman medical students who had previous extensive experience with marihuana smoking were allowed to inhale the compound in the laboratory until they had reached their usual "high." The observed overall effects were mild or minimal. In the electroencephalogram, there occurred a slight but statistically significant shift toward slower α-frequencies. There were no significant changes in cerebral evoked responses. Results of the neurological examination remained normal. Vibratory sense appreciation improved slightly. Mental status examination showed a slight decrease in intellectual efficiency, some excess jocularity, and a slight loosening of associations. Bender-Gestalt drawings were executed slightly more poorly after drug inhalation than before. It is concluded that the subjective pleasure and relaxation which are experienced as a result of marihuana smoking are accompanied by a very slight decrease in highest cortical functions.
ACETANILID POISONING BY HEADACHE TABLETS.
Authors: D. CASSADY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>History.</h3> —On the evening of Sept. 7, 1906, I was called hurriedly to attend Mrs. L., a large, fleshy Mexican woman, about 45 years of age. On questioning the family I learned that she had been in good health with the exception of being subject to severe headaches, for which she was in the habit of taking headache tablets. That afternoon she had bought a package of Steam's Headache Cure, and had taken one tablet every hour until she had taken three tablets. That was the only drug or medicine she had taken that day. <h3>Examination.</h3> —I found her lying on a bed gasping for breath. She had the appearance of extreme prostration and weakness. Her lips and face were dark blue, her skin was cold and damp, and her pupils were dilated. Her pulse was small, soft, and almost imperceptible. <h3>Diagnosis.</h3> —The diagnosis seemed very clear, more particularly as
Effect of vasodilators on hepatic microcirculation in cirrhosis: A study in the isolated perfused rat liver
Authors: Philippe Marteau, François Ballet, Olivier Chazouillères, Yves Chrétien, Colette Rey, Danielle Petit, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

We studied the effects of a series of vasodilators on intrahepatic vascular resistance of isolated perfused cirrhotic rat livers in basal conditions and during norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction. Cirrhosis was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride. The vasodilators were a nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist (propranolol), an α 1 -adrenergic antagonist (prazosin), a nonselective β-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol), an α 2 -agonist (clonidine), nitrovasodilators (nitroglycerin and nitroprusside), calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine), papaverine, diazoxide and pentoxifylline. In basal conditions, isoproterenol, nitroglycerin, papaverine, pentoxifylline and nitroprusside demonstrated significant vasodilatory activity. However, the response was weak and isoproterenol was the only drug active in the therapeutic range of concentrations. Propranolol, prazosin, verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine and diazoxide were ineffective. Prazosin, papaverine and pentoxifylline reduced norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction, whereas isoproterenol, clonidine and propranolol were ineffective. We conclude that several vasodilators can reduce resistance in the cirrhotic rat liver, but their potency is low and few are effective at therapeutic concentrations. Furthermore, their activity may be blunted when resistance is increased by norepinephrine.
Acid fog: effects on respiratory function and symptoms in healthy and asthmatic volunteers.
Authors: J D Hackney, W S Linn, E L Avol
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Acidic air pollutants generally are dissolved in water droplets. Mean droplet diameter may range from more than 10 microns in dense fog to less than 1 micron at low relative humidity. Droplet size influences the deposition of inhaled acid within the respiratory tract and thus may influence toxicity. To help assess health risks from acid pollution, we performed controlled exposures of normal and asthmatic volunteers to sulfuric acid aerosols at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 500, 1000, and 2000 micrograms/m3. Exposures lasted 1 hr with intermittent heavy exercise. Response was assessed by lung function tests and symptom questionnaires. Under foggy conditions (mean droplet size 10 microns, temperature 50 degrees F), no marked effects on lung function were found. However, both normal and asthmatic subjects showed statistically significant dose-related increases in respiratory symptoms. In a separate study, normal subjects exposed at 70 degrees F with mean droplet size 0.9 microns showed no marked effect on function or symptoms. Asthmatics showed dose-related decrements in forced expiratory performance and increases in symptoms, most obvious at 1000 and 2000 micrograms/m3. The different results of the two studies probably reflect an influence of droplet size, but further investigation is needed to confirm this. The aggregate results suggest that only mild, if any, short-term respiratory irritant effects are likely at acid concentrations attained in ambient pollution.
Subvalvular membranous aortic stenosis: Results of surgical therapy
Authors: P. J. Van Der Schaar, J. P. Roos, J. Rohmer
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Subvalvular membranous aortic stenosis is usually accompanied by mild aortic insufficiency. This insufficiency is probably caused not by the valves but by the membrane. Resection of the membrane generally produces satisfactory results so far as the stenosis is concerned, and causes no significant aggravation of the insufficiency.