tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery for Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ardawan Julian Rastan, Judith Isabell Eckenstein, Bettina Hentschel, Anne Kathrin Funkat, Jan Fritz Gummert, Nicolas Doll, Thomas Walther, Volkmar Falk, Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Aim of this study was to compare the outcome of beating heart versus conventional coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) strategies in acute coronary syndromes for emergency indications. Methods and Results— 638 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) receiving emergency CABG surgery via midline sternotomy from January 2000 to September 2005 were evaluated. Propensity score analysis was used to predict the probability of undergoing beating heart (BH) (n=240) versus cardioplegic cardiac arrest (CA) (n=398) strategies. Patients presented with stable hemodynamics (n=531) or in cardiogenic shock (CS) (n=107). Hospital and follow-up outcome was compared by propensity score adjusted multiregression analysis. BH included 116 on-pump and 124 off-pump (OPCAB) procedures. There was a propensity to operate CS patients on the beating heart (multivariate odds ratio [OR], 3.8; P =0.001). Under stable hemodynamics significant predictors for BH selection were logEuroSCORE &gt;20% (OR, 2.05), creatinine &gt;1.8 mg/dL (OR, 4.12), complicated percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 1.88), ejection fraction &lt;30% (OR, 2.64), whereas left main disease (OR, 0.68), circumflex artery (OR, 0.32), and 3-vessel disease (OR, 0.67) indicated preference for cardioplegic arrest. Time from skin incision to culprit lesion revascularization was significantly reduced in BH patients. BH surgery led to a significant benefit in terms of less drainage loss, less transfusion requirement, less inotropic support, shorter ventilation time, lower stroke rate, and shorter intensive care unit stay. In CS, BH was associated with lower incidence of stroke, inotropic support, acute renal failure, new atrial fibrillation and sternal wound healing complications. In CS patients, hospital mortality rate was reduced when using beating heart strategies ( P =0.048). Overall survival, major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular event rate, and repeated revascularization was comparable during a 5-year follow-up. Conclusions— Beating heart strategies are associated with an improved hospital outcome and comparable long-term results for high-risk patients presenting acute coronary syndrome with or without CS.
Results of NTP-sponsored mouse cytogenetic studies on 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene.
Authors: M D Shelby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Studies were conducted to determine the cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects of 1,3-butadiene and two structural analogs, chloroprene and isoprene, in the bone marrow cells of B6C3F1 mice exposed to the chemicals by inhalation. In one study, animals were exposed to 1,3-butadiene concentrations of 6.25, 62.5, or 625 ppm 6 hr/day on 10 exposure days and in the second study, to the same concentrations on weekdays for 13 weeks. Chloroprene and isoprene treatments involved 6 hr/day exposures on 12 exposure days at concentrations of 0, 12, 32, 80, and 200 ppm for chloroprene and 0, 438, 1750, and 7000 ppm for isoprene. In the 10-day study, 1,3-butadiene induced significant increases in sister chromatid exchange (SCE) at 6.25 ppm, micronuclei at 62.5 ppm, and chromosomal aberrations at 625 ppm. In the 13-week study, the frequency of micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood was significantly elevated in all exposure groups including the 6.25-ppm group. Isoprene induced both SCE and micronuclei, whereas chloroprene gave negative results for all cytogenetic end points assessed in bone marrow cells.
Transient monoclonal expansion of CD8+/CD57+ T‐cell large granular lymphocytes after primary cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Davide Rossi, Silvia Franceschetti, Daniela Capello, Lorenzo De Paoli, Monia Lunghi, Annarita Conconi, Gianluca Gaidano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Lymphocytosis associated with viral infection is generally polyclonal or oligoclonal. In this article, we describe a case of transient monoclonal CD8+/CD57+ T‐cell lymphocytosis with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology occurring after primary CMV infection and review cases of virus‐associated monoclonal CD8+ T‐cell expansions reported in the literature. Several clinical features shared by virus‐associated monoclonal CD8+ T‐cell expansions suggest the reactive nature of the lymphocytosis. Based on this, our case report and those reported in the literature support the notion that T‐cell receptor clonality per se is not necessarily indicative of malignancy. These observations further corroborate the need for a close follow‐up before assigning the diagnosis of LGL leukemia to individuals developing monoclonal CD8+ T‐cell expansions. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resting Electrocardiogram in Major Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Alberto Benchimol
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Seventeen of 106 patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease had completely normal electrocardiograms. Of those patients with abnormal ECGs (89 of 106, 84%), a total of 75 had QRS disturbances, with Q waves of myocardial infarction accounting for 64 of 75 (85%). Patients with 100% obstruction of one or more coronary arteries (56 of 106, 53%) had abnormal QRS due to Q waves of myocardial infarction in 40 of 56 (71%). Three patients with 100% obstruction had normal ECGs. It is concluded that a substantial number of patients with significant triple-vessel coronary artery disease will have normal resting ECGs, and the resting ECG does not reliably predict the extent of coronary artery disease.
Abstract 1142: A specific miRNA signature characterizes metastasis in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Joana Heinzelmann, Andre Unrein, Jimsgene Sanjmyatav, Heiko Wunderlich, Marc-Oliver Grimm, Kerstin Junker
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as small non-coding RNAs are regulators of gene expression in tumor development and progression. However, its specific role in metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is almost unknown. Therefore, we aimed in defining specific miRNA expression pattern of metastatic ccRCC and identifying cellular functions of specific miRNAs deregulated in metastatic process. Methods: We isolated total RNA of 29 ccRCC samples (including 13 non-metastatic and 16 metastatic tumors) and from 16 metastases using snap frozen tissue. Single channel microarray analysis was performed for a global miRNA expression profiling in 22 ccRCC samples. The validation of the differentially expressed miRNAs in metastatic ccRCC compared to non-metastatic tumor samples and furthermore in metastases of ccRCC was performed by using qRT-PCR. Results: We identified a miRNA expression pattern that distinguishes between metastatic and non-metastatic ccRCC. Furthermore, we found a group of miRNAs with altered expression in early-metastatic compared to late metastatic and non-metastatic tumors. These microarray results were verified by qRT-PCR. By analyzing the expression of four of these differentially expressed miRNAs (26a, 30c, 126, 451) in metastases tissue by qRT-PCR we detected the same expression behavior as in the primary metastatic tumor counterparts. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that miRNAs are involved in the metastatic process. Thus, we were able to identify a specific miRNA expression pattern in metastatic ccRCC. Metastases of ccRCC are characterized by the same expression value of specific miRNAs as the primary metastatic tumor tissue. These investigations showed that specific miRNAs are possible prognostic markers for metastatic disease in RCC patients. Further studies have to define the functional role of the miRNAs in the metastatic process. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1142. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1142
The Physician, Rationing, and Medical Care in the Veterans Administration
Authors: GERALD CHARLES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Editorials1 June 1985The Physician, Rationing, and Medical Care in the Veterans AdministrationGERALD CHARLES, M.D.GERALD CHARLES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-6-850 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAs the debate about ways to influence the ever-increasing costs for health care continues, consideration is being given to limiting that portion of the federal budget related to health care as well as all third-party dollars spent on health. Limiting of total health-care dollars is sometimes mentioned in the same breath as rationing. We often see "rationing" replace "allocating" as the term used to describe the process by which limited resources or dollars for health care are apportioned. The termrationing, however, is often associated with a negative connotation. Emergency rationing such as exists in the time of war or...References1. FUCHS V. The "rationing" of medical care. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:1572-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. AARON H and SCHWARTZ W. The Painful Prescription: Rationing Hospital Care. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution; 1984. Google Scholar3. SCHROEDER S. Western European responses to physician oversupply: lessons for the United States. JAMA. 1984;252:373-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SCHROEDER S. A comparison of Western European and U. S. university hospitals: a case report from Leuven, West Berlin, Leiden, London, and San Francisco. JAMA. 1984;252:240-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. THUROW L. Learning to say "no. " N Engl J Med. 1984;311:1669-72. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. LEVINSKY N. The doctor's master. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:1573-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. MECHANIC D. The growth of medical technology and bureaucracy: implications for medical care. In: JACO EG, ed. Patients, Physicians, and Illness: a Sourcebook in Behavioral Science and Health. New York: The Free Press; 1979:414-5. Google Scholar8. Section 612(f), Chapter 17, Title 38, United States Code. Google Scholar9. INUI T, LIPSKY B, and PECORARO R. Patients, clinicians, and problems in the VA's ambulatory care system. VA Practitioner. 1984;1:40-9. Google Scholar10. PARSONS T. Definitions of health and illness in the light of the American values and social structure. In: JACO EG, ed. Patients, Physicians, and Illness: a Sourcebook in Behavioral Science and Health. New York: The Free Press; 1979:134. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GERALD CHARLES, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byScreening for lung cancerWithdrawing routine outpatient medical servicesRationing is a Reality 1 June 1985Volume 102, Issue 6Page: 850-851KeywordsHealth careVeteran care ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Histidyl–tRNA Synthetase and Asparaginyl–tRNA Synthetase, Autoantigens in Myositis, Activate Chemokine Receptors on T Lymphocytes and Immature Dendritic Cells
Authors: O.M. Zack Howard, Hui Fang Dong, De Yang, Nina Raben, Kanneboyina Nagaraju, Antony Rosen, Livia Casciola-Rosen, Michael Härtlein, Michael Kron, David Yang, Kwabena Yiadom, Sunita Dwivedi, Paul H. Plotz, Joost J. Oppenheim
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Autoantibodies to histidyl–tRNA synthetase (HisRS) or to alanyl–, asparaginyl–, glycyl–, isoleucyl–, or threonyl–tRNA synthetase occur in ∼25% of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis. We tested the ability of several aminoacyl–tRNA synthetases to induce leukocyte migration. HisRS induced CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, interleukin (IL)-2–activated monocytes, and immature dendritic cells (iDCs) to migrate, but not neutrophils, mature DCs, or unstimulated monocytes. An NH2-terminal domain, 1–48 HisRS, was chemotactic for lymphocytes and activated monocytes, whereas a deletion mutant, HisRS-M, was inactive. HisRS selectively activated CC chemokine receptor (CCR)5-transfected HEK-293 cells, inducing migration by interacting with extracellular domain three. Furthermore, monoclonal anti-CCR5 blocked HisRS-induced chemotaxis and conversely, HisRS blocked anti-CCR5 binding. Asparaginyl–tRNA synthetase induced migration of lymphocytes, activated monocytes, iDCs, and CCR3-transfected HEK-293 cells. Seryl–tRNA synthetase induced migration of CCR3-transfected cells but not iDCs. Nonautoantigenic aspartyl–tRNA and lysyl–tRNA synthetases were not chemotactic. Thus, autoantigenic aminoacyl–tRNA synthetases, perhaps liberated from damaged muscle cells, may perpetuate the development of myositis by recruiting mononuclear cells that induce innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, the selection of a self-molecule as a target for an autoantibody response may be a consequence of the proinflammatory properties of the molecule itself.
Effects of Fostamatinib, an Oral Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate: Results From a Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Parallel‐Group Study
Authors: Michael E. Weinblatt, Mark C. Genovese, Meilien Ho, Sally Hollis, Krystyna Rosiak‐Jedrychowicz, Arthur Kavanaugh, David S. Millson, Gustavo Leon, Millie Wang, Désirée van der Heijde
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective This phase III, 52‐week study compared fostamatinib with placebo (for 24 weeks) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) therapy. Methods Patients taking MTX were randomized (1:1:1) to receive fostamatinib 100 mg twice daily for 52 weeks (group A), fostamatinib 100 mg twice daily for 4 weeks and then 150 mg once daily (group B), or placebo for 24 weeks and then fostamatinib 100 mg twice daily (group C). At week 24, the co–primary end points were change from baseline in the American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) improvement response rates and change in the modified total Sharp/van der Heijde score of radiographic damage (SHS). Results In this study, 918 patients were randomized and received ≥1 dose of study drug (fostamatinib or placebo); the demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were well balanced. Following treatment with both fostamatinib regimens, a statistically significant difference in the ACR20 improvement response was achieved at week 24 as compared with that in patients receiving placebo (49.0% [group A] and 44.4%, [group B] versus 34.2%; P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively), but there was no statistically significant difference in the SHS between either fostamatinib group and placebo ( P = 0.25 and P = 0.17, respectively). The most common adverse events in patients in groups A, B, and C were hypertension (15.8%, 15.1%, and 3.9%, respectively) and diarrhea (13.9%, 15.1%, and 3.9%, respectively). Elevated blood pressure (≥140/90 mm Hg) occurred at ≥1 visit in 44.2%, 41.6%, and 19.3% of patients in each respective group. Conclusion With the use of either fostamatinib regimen in patients with RA, statistically significant, but not clinically significant, improvements in the ACR20 improvement response over placebo were achieved at 24 weeks, whereas a significant difference in the SHS was not seen. The overall level of response to treatment with fostamatinib was lower than had been observed in the phase II program, but similar adverse events were reported.
The effect of iron stores on iron absorption in the rat: the possible role of circulating ferritin.
Authors: J Greenman, A Jacobs
Journal: Gut (1975)

Iron absorption in man is inversely related to body iron stores and serum ferritin concentration. A negative correlation between intestinal iron absorption and the amount of storage iron in the body has been confirmed in the rat and the hypothesis that absorption may be regulated through the mediation of ferritin has been tested. There was no difference in mucosal iron uptake or absorption between rats undergoing a jugular infusion of ferritin and those infused with saline despite a hundredfold difference in circulating ferritin concentration.
Histone acetylation is associated with differential gene expression in the rapid and robust memory CD8+ T-cell response
Authors: Monchou Fann, Jason M. Godlove, Marta Catalfamo, William H. Wood, Francis J. Chrest, Nicholas Chun, Larry Granger, Robert Wersto, Karen Madara, Kevin Becker, Pierre A. Henkart, Nan-ping Weng
Journal: Blood (2006)
IMMUNOLOGIC COMPETENCE OF THORACIC DUCT CELLS
Authors: John E. Coe, Joseph D. Feldman, Sun Lee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Delayed hypersensitivity was produced in donor Lewis rats by sensitization with soluble protein antigens emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Cells of their thoracic duct lymph were collected for varying periods of time and transferred intravenously to isogenic Lewis recipients. With this model the following conclusions were reached: 1. Delayed hypersensitivity was transferred by thoracic duct cells. 2. The longer the drainage of the thoracic duct, the fewer cells were needed to achieve a successful transfer. With continuing drainage the proportion of small lymphocytes decreased and large cells increased. There was, therefore, a better correlation between successful transfer of delayed hypersensitivity and the number of large cells transfused than between positive skin reactions and transfer of small lymphocytes. 3. Prolonged fistula of the thoracic duct did not diminish the skin reaction of sensitized donors to specific antigen. 4. Delayed hypersensitivity was elicited in recipients 3 wk after transfer of sensitized cells. There was evidence that delayed hypersensitivity was enhanced in recipients, possibly because of prior skin testing. 5. Total body X-irradiation abolished the lesions of passively transferred delayed hypersensitivity. Recovery of positive skin tests was observed 19 to 20 days later. 6. The lesions of delayed hypersensitivity were probably mediated by cells. There was no evidence that a circulating high affinity antibody played a role in this type of immunologic reaction.
CHOLECYSTITIS AND CHOLELITHIASIS IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: CRAYTON C. SNYDER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The occurrence of gallbladder disease in young children has always been regarded as extremely rare, if not altogether nonexistent. One may search most of the standard works on pediatrics without finding the slightest hint of even the possibility of such a lesion being found in children, and those which do mention it do so only in the most cursory manner. Holt, Kerley and Freer, for example, ignore the subject entirely, and we find Langley Porter, writing in Abt's new work. remarking that pathological involvement of the gallbladder during childhood is practically unknown, and inflammatory affections of the bile ducts are hardly more common.... Gallstone attacks of the adult type do occur in childhood, but so rarely that the records of the cases are medical curiosities. He also notes that Bittner and Lowenberg have reported acute suppurative cholecystitis with perforation and peritonitis in children suffering from typhoid fever. In Fischer's latest
Regression of small-cell lung carcinoma in patients with paraneoplastic neuronal antibodies
Authors: R.B. Darnell, L.M. DeAngelis
Journal: The Lancet (1993)

We describe three patients with known or suspected small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, and antineuronal antibodies who had unusually benign clinical courses. One patient survived 8 years free of disease and was positive for the anti-Hu antibody. A second patient survived 6 years after spontaneous tumour regression and had an atypical antineuronal antibody. A third patient with both the anti-Hu and atypical antineuronal antibody had spontaneous regression of a lung mass. All three patients had a subacute sensory neuropathy. Since paraneoplastic antineuronal antibodies also bind to tumour cells, these cases suggest that some (paraneoplastic) neurological syndromes without identifiable tumour may result from immune-mediated eradication of tumour cells.
SOluble and insoluble immune complex-platelet interactions in rheumatoid inflammation.
Authors: R P Yeatts, R Turner, R Collins, J Kaufmann, H Mashburn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

The interactions of soluble and insoluble immunoglobulin G (IgG) complexes with macromolecular rheumatoid factor (RF) and platelets were examined in an in vitro system permitting observation of platelet activities which may contribute to rheumatoid inflammation. Studies of the aggregation phenomenon by the nephalometric technique and by selective sedimentation of 51Cr-labelled platelets revealed no aggregation by platelets exposed to heat aggregated IgG (HAIgG) complexes or their RF precipitates in a plasma test system. Release of serotonin was demonstrated by the increasing radioactivity of platelet supernates to 45 min by 14C-serotonin labelled platelets exposed to insoluble IgG heat aggregates. Significantly less release was shown with saline, native IgG, and soluble IgG complexes. When RF was added to soluble HAIgG complexes, the resulting precipitate caused significantly higher release than controls. No concomitant release of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase was detected. Thus, although soluble complexes do not cause significant release of biologically active amines, conversion of soluble complexes to insoluble immune precipitates by RF is associated with this activity which is independent of platelet aggregation and/or lyosomal enzyme release in our test system. Release of biologically active amines from platelets exposed to insoluble complexes may be important in the initiation and propagation of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
A Plant Homeodomain in Rag-2 that Binds Hypermethylated Lysine 4 of Histone H3 Is Necessary for Efficient Antigen-Receptor-Gene Rearrangement
Authors: Yun Liu, Ramesh Subrahmanyam, Tirtha Chakraborty, Ranjan Sen, Stephen Desiderio
Journal: Immunity (2007)
Survey in a UK general practice
Authors: S. K. Sidhu, N. Pau, J. S. Sidhu, P. Oakeshott
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Olumide highlighted the risk of mercury exposure through the use of illegal skin lightening creams.1 Such creams are used widely in Africa and Asia, but how much they are used in the UK or whether people are aware of the possible health risks is unknown. In December 2010, for a medical student research project, we carried out a questionnaire survey of …