tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
WTO amendment on generic drugs draws mixed reaction
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement to make permanent a provisional waiver concerning the import of generic drugs has been cautiously welcomed by the World Health Organization. The 2003 waiver made it easier for countries to import cheaper generic copies of patented drugs to deal with public health crises.

The permanent amendment to the WTO's agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) allows WTO members with “insufficient or no manufacturing capacities” in drug production to import generic versions of patented drugs made under compulsory licence in countries with such …
TECHNOLOGICAL, PROCEDURAL AND PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS DETERMINE THE RISK FOR SILENT CEREBRAL LESIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION
Authors: Thomas Deneke, Karin Nentwich, Joachim Krug, Georgios Christopoulos, Rainer Schmitt, Sebastian Kerber, Anja Schade
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Health Services Planning and Management
Authors: JOHN G. FREYMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1978Health Services Planning and ManagementJOHN G. FREYMANN, M.D.JOHN G. FREYMANN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-5-716_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Most book reviewers feel their cup is full if anyone reads their review. When an author actually accepts a reviewer's suggestion, their cup runneth over. I have experienced this good fortune.In the November issue (Ann Intern Med87:639-640, 1977) I praisedHealth Care. An International Study as a monumental advance in health services research, but I feared the book itself was of such monumental proportions that it would inhibit most readers. I suggested that a small, summary monograph was badly needed and—mirabile dictu!—it has appeared (1). In seven brief chapters and 115 pages, this little book...Reference1. WHITEANDERSONKALIMO KDE (eds.): Health Services: Concepts and Information for National Planning and Management. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1977 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Fund for Medical Education Hartford, CT 06105 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1978Volume 88, Issue 5Page: 716-716KeywordsHealth careHealth services researchMedical services Issue Published: 1 May 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Emotional Factors and Heart Disease
Authors: Meyer Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a physician somewhat involved in the subject discussed by two correspondents in the LETTERS section (234:380, 1975), I would like to respond to several of their comments. First, I would agree with Dr Coodley that it would have been far more helpful if Stamler et al had not indulged in a public debate, but rather had joined forces to emphasize that the cessation of smoking, the control of hypertension, adequate exercise, a low cholesterol diet, and the search for tranquility were the measures needed<i>now</i>to combat the incidence of coronary heart disease. But these were the precise measures that Dr Rosenman and I already had advocated in our recently published book,<i>Type A Behavior and Your Heart</i>. Thus, what was described as "a superb example of reductio ad absurdum" need not have taken place. Responding to Dr Webb's letter, I believe that he might become
IFNγ and Foxp3 Methylation, Expression in Buccal Mucosa in Inner-City Children with Allergic Asthma
Authors: Emily Happy Miller, Hanjie Zhang, Mariangels De Planell Saguer, Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, Matthew S. Perzanowski, Wanda Phipatanakul, Elizabeth C. Matsui, Rachel Miller
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Urinary nicotine concentrations in cigarette and pipe smokers.
Authors: N J Wald, M Idle, J Boreham, A Bailey, H Van Vunakis
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Urinary concentrations of nicotine were studied in men who did not smoke (27) and in men who smoked cigarettes only (145) or pipes only (48). The median urinary nicotine concentrations were less than 50 ng/ml (the detection limit of the assay for urine tests) in the non-smokers, 1393 ng/ml in the cigarette smokers, and 1048 ng/ml in the pipe smokers. These values were standardised for urinary pH and creatinine concentration to allow for the fact that nicotine excretion is influenced by the acidity of the urine and by urinary flow rate. The high urinary nicotine concentrations in the pipe and cigarette smokers indicated that both types of smoker have relatively high systemic nicotine concentrations. This observation, together with the fact that large prospective studies have shown that pipe smokers have no material excess risk of coronary heart disease whereas cigarette smokers do, provides evidence that nicotine is unlikely to be the major cause of the excess deaths from coronary heart disease in cigarette smokers. This conclusion is consistent with earlier observations based on serum cotinine concentrations in smokers and non-smokers.
Renal masses and ultrasound.
Authors: T Sherwood
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Among the first 111 patients with renal masses examined by ultrasound most renal cysts (98%) and carcinomas (86%) were correctly detected. Diagnostic accuracy was high when ultrasound predicted a renal cyst (97%), but renal carcinoma accounted for only 60% of the complex echo masses found. Ultrasound was used as the primary, non-invasive test for the selection of outpatients with simple renal cysts for diagnostic puncture and for the selection of those with complex renal masses for more elaborate and expensive inpatient investigation. Ultrasound is not infallible but a safe diagnostic pathway may be drawn up in which ultrasound errors are not allowed to lead to diagnostic disasters. This approach reduced the use of arteriography for renal masses by two-thirds. With care the diagnosis of the common chance finding of a renal mass can be made simpler, safer, and cheaper.
The need for antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance in Europe
Authors: R. Loddenkemper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Nutrition shapes a broad range of life history traits, ultimately impacting animal fitness. A key fitness-related trait, female fecundity is well known to change as a function of diet. In particular, the availability of dietary protein is one of the main drivers of egg production, and in the absence of essential amino acids egg laying declines. However, it is unclear whether all essential amino acids have the same impact on phenotypes like fecundity. Using a holidic diet, we fed adult female <i>D. melanogaster</i> diets that contain all necessary nutrients except one of the 10 essential amino acids and assessed the effects on egg production. For most essential amino acids, depleting a single amino acid induced as rapid a decline in egg production as when there were no amino acids in the diet. However, when either methionine or histidine were excluded from the diet, egg production declined more slowly. Next, we tested whether GCN2 and TOR were involved in this difference in response across amino acids. While mutations in GCN2 did not eliminate the differences in the rates of decline in egg laying among amino acid drop-out diets, we found that inhibiting TOR signalling caused egg laying to decline rapidly for all drop-out diets. TOR signalling does this by regulating the yolk-forming stages of egg chamber development. Our results suggest that amino acids differ in their ability to induce signalling via the TOR pathway. This is important because if phenotypes differ in sensitivity to individual amino acids, this generates the potential for mismatches between the output of a pathway and the animal’s true nutritional status.
Andrew James Ogilvy
Authors: Andrew J Fox
Journal: BMJ (2006)

served in the Royal Army Medical Corps in Normandy, Belgium, and Rhodesia before joining his brother in general practice in Bellshill in industrial Lanarkshire.After retirement in 1978 he did locum work.He was chairman of Lanarkshire Medical Committee for 12 years.In addition to an avid interest in politics, sport, crosswords, and puddings, he supplied family, friends and neighbours with plants annually, and grew show chrysanthemums, winning many prizes locally and nationally.He was chairman of the Scottish Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Society for many years.David survived cancer three times.
Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Harvey Eisenberg, Edmund L. Dubois, Russell P. Sherwin, Oscar J. Balchum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The clinical and physiological features of 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse interstitial lung infiltrations, along with the histopathologic studies in 4 of these subjects, are analyzed. Seven patients presented with pulmonary symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and chest pain; nine initially had polyarthralgia; one had hemolytic anemia; and one had renal manifestations. Pulmonary function findings were those common to restrictive lung disease, that is, a low vital capacity or a decrease in flow rates not more than proportional to the decrease in vital capacity, hypoxemia, and a low lung diffusion capacity. The histopathological findings showed nonspecific interstitial fibrosis with chronic inflammation in two cases, including one of a honeycomb type: the third case had fibrosis consistent with healed infarcts, and the fourth had multifocal areas of alveolar epithelial hyperplasia. The participation of systemic lupus erythematosus in the disease processes in the lungs could neither be confirmed nor excluded.
Stroke Volume and Peripheral Resistance during Infusion of Isoproterenol at a Constant Fixed Heart Rate
Authors: ALBERTO BENCHIMOL, EVANDRO G. LUCENA, E. GREY DIMOND
Journal: Circulation (1965)

THE hemodynamic effects of isoproterenol have been described in the literature in a variety of clinical1-2 and experimental conditions.13-16In these reports, the action of this drug on the heart rate and stroke volume has been emphasized.However, no attempt has been made to study its hemodynamic conse- quences in man when the heart rate is maintained constant throughout the experiment.Under this circumstance it is possible to separate the peripheral from the central effects of this drug on the circulation.In previous reports'7' 18 we emphasized that exercise in patients with heart block at a fixed heart rate resulted in a marked increase in the stroke volume and cardiac output.Bruce, Cobb, Katsura, and Morledge'9 have suggest- ed that isoproterenol can be used to mimic some of the effects of exercise, by virtue of its action on the cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate.This study was undertaken in order (a) to determine the hemodynamic consequences of isoproterenol in patients with complete heart block at a fixed heart rate and (b) to com- pare the effects of this drug with the ones produced by exercise at a constant fixed heart rate. Materials and MethodsEight patients with complete atrioventricular block resulting from coronary artery disease were
Putting Prevention into Practice: The Patient's Role
Authors: Tom Reynolds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Currents20 April 1999Putting Prevention into Practice: The Patient's RoleTom ReynoldsTom ReynoldsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-8-199904200-00102 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Put Prevention into Practice (PPIP) initiative, sponsored by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, is an effort to boost the use of preventive services by targeting both health care providers and patients. Materials for patients include personal health guides for adults and children that offer recommended screening timelines, space for recordkeeping, and tips on healthy behaviors.“It always helps when patients can come in and prompt the clinician or the office staff, ‘isn't it time for my … ?’ If they are correct, you can deliver the service, and if they are misinformed, it can be an ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Corresponding Author: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNutritional status and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Predictions for 2020Prevention 20 April 1999Volume 130, Issue 8Page: 707-708KeywordsBehaviorCancer screeningChild healthDecision makingElectronic medical recordsHabitsHealth information technologyMammographyNutrientsThorax Issue Published: 20 April 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
The "British System" of Heroin Maintenance
Authors: Thomas J. Kaiser
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article discussing the 'British system' of heroin maintenance (223:539, 1973) Dr. Edward Lewis, Jr., presented an appealing statistical basis for the adoption on a limited basis for such a system in the United States. He described a country that apparently has stabilized its addict population, that has no significant crime problem associated with addicts, and that has fewer medical complications secondary to illicit drug use. What is disconcerting is that he contradicted this evidence in four of his five conclusions, returning to the 'wait and see' attitude that has paralyzed rehabilitative attempts. He supported his conclusions by noting differences between Britain and the United States, ignoring completely the more compelling and relevant similarities, such as parallel increase in rates of addiction in the 60s, common use of mainlining as a method of administration, preponderance of addicts in urban areas, and failure of other rehabilitative methods.
968. Next Generation Measles Virus Vectors for Oncolytic Therapy: Targeted, Armed and Stealth
Authors: Guy Ungerechts, Christoph Springfeld, Adele Fielding, Roberto Cattaneo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Infection with wild-type measles virus (MV), a negative-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, has been associated with spontaneous remissions in patients with lymphoma and leukaemia. In addition, studies with lymphoma, myeloma, glioma and ovarian cancer xenografts have documented oncolytic effects of an Edmonston lineage virus (MV-Edm) on a wide array of cancer types. Recombinant MV with targeted cell entry have been produced: specifity domains displayed on the viral attachment protein H mediate entry into normally non-permissive cells via designated receptors. Moreover, viruses that are "blind" for their natural receptors have been generated by mutating residues responsible for entry through CD46 and SLAM. To engineer the most efficient and safe vectors for clinical trials we pursue three independent approaches to be eventually combined: i) Vector retargeting at the cell entry level. ii) Vector arming with suicide genes. iii) Production of vectors with a stealth envelope that is not recognized by measles-specific antibodies. RESULTS. We have produced viruses expressing suicide genes: thymidine kinase (TK), cytosine deaminase (CD) and the E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), that kills infected and bystander cells very effectively and have combined arming with receptor-targeting. We have begun to analyse these new viruses. First, the ability of retargeted MV to retard the growth of tumor xenografts was demonstrated in an immunocompetent mouse model based on murine MC38cea cells expressing the designated receptor human CEA. Second, the efficacy of recombinant viruses with combined oncolytic specificities in entering and killing target cells was demonstrated in vitro. The efficacy of these viruses is currently under investigation in a CD20/lymphoma xenograft model. Third, we are producing vectors with the glycoproteins F and H from the Tupaia paramyxovirus (TPMV) in place of the homologous MV proteins. We have previously shown that the TPMV H protein can be retargeted to support fusion of cells expressing a designated receptor. Now we show that a chimeric virus with the MV proteins N, P, L, M and the TPMV F and H protein can be rescued but does not spread efficiently. DISCUSSION. The success of oncolytic virotherapy depends on the specificity of viral replication in cancer cells, the efficacy of the oncolytic agent in eliminating those cells, and their ability of spreading without being neutralized by antibodies. We have obtained targeted and armed viruses, and have made good progress toward the production of stealth particles.
Paraplegia and Disability
Authors: Steven V. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Recently, the news media expressed concern whether severe physical disability is an illness that would disqualify a person from consideration for the presidency of the United States. Does Governor George Wallace's paraplegia constitute such an illness? Would paraplegia prevent an elected president from adequately carrying out the duties of the presidency?  The Minnesota Physiatric Society found areas of disagreement with the news media's coverage and submitted a resolution to the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The following statement of the Academy evolved from this resolution:  The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation does not endorse political parties or candidates for political office. However, the Academy deplores presentation of the concept to the public that paraplegia, in itself, constitutes sufficient reason to deny the individual his rights to participate in community activities, including seeking public office.  The Minnesota Physiatric Society believes this to be an
Regression of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in relation to resolution versus persistence of electrocardiographic strain after one year of antihypertensive therapy: the LIFE study
Authors: Peter M. Okin, Richard B. Devereux, Vittorio Palmieri, Jennifer E. Liu, Kristian Wachtell, Markku S. Nieminen, Sverker Jern, Lasse Oikarinen, Matti Viitasalo, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Stevo Julius, Bjorn Dahlof
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Influence of the ABO blood group and salivary ABH secretor status on the cell-removing effect of aspirin on human gastric mucosa.
Authors: L Horwich, D A Evans
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL COMMENT The association of duodenal ulcer with blood group 0 and salivary ABH non-secretion, and the apparent increased likelihood of bleeding in patients of blood group 0 with duodenal ulcer, are not understood.A new approach to the problem is provided by this carefully executed investigation which demonstrates an interaction between blood group and secretor status, and cell loss from gastric mucosa washed with an aspirin solution.
Pulmonary and hepatic granulomatous disorders due to the inhalation of cement and mica dusts.
Authors: J Cortex Pimentel, A Peixoto Menezes
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Hepatic and pulmonary granulomas were recognised in two workers exposed respectively to Portland cement and to muscovite dusts. The pulmonary lesions in the patient exposed to cement consisted of histiocytic granulomas and irregular fibrohyaline scars, and in the patient exposed to mica of a diffuse thickening of all interalveolar septa due to new formation of reticulin and collagen fibres and proliferation of fibroblasts and histiocytes. In the liver the following pathological findings were observed: focal or diffuse swelling of sinusoidal lining cells, sarcoid-type granulomas, and, in the case of mica exposure, perisinusoidal and portal tract fibrosis. Abundant inclusions of the inhaled material were identified within the pulmonary and hepatic lesions by histochemical and x-ray diffraction techniques.
Shortened digits can be stretched to normal length with new technique
Authors: B. J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1978)

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Experts Focus on Identifying, Mitigating Potential Health Effects of Gulf Oil Leak
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2010)

DOES THIS MEAN NO KIDS LIVING on the Louisiana and Mississippi coasts can go swimming again even if the beaches have no oil on them? That no pregnant woman here should ever eat local seafood? Or that our young men have to worry about their sperm for the next 20 years?” The woman directed her frustrated questions to the academics, government officials, and public health officers who had gathered in late June at an Institute of Medicine (IOM) workshop in New Orleans to present their ideas and recommendations for mitigating the potential adverse health effects of the British Petroleum (BP) Deepwater Horizon disaster. But the experts couldn’t offer definitive data or consensus on the risks posed by the oil leak, which has released as many as 60 000 barrels of crude oil a day into the Gulf of Mexico since April 20. Despite a history of 400 oil spills worldwide since 1960, including 38 supertanker leaks, epidemiological studies have been conducted on only 7. One examined the other notorious oil spill in US waters, which occurred when the Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in 1989, but that study focused on the psychosocial effects of the spill on local communities. The limited existing data are inconclusive, US Surgeon General Regina M. Benjamin, MD, MBA, told the attendees of the IOM workshop, which was convened at the request of the Department of Health and Human Services. “Some scientists predict little or no toxic threat to humans from exposure to oil or dispersants, while others express serious concern about the potential shortand long-term impact on the health of responders and affected communities,” said Benjamin. The sheer magnitude of the unabated Deepwater Horizon spill has stretched the bounds of scientific knowledge. “No governmental agency in the world is prepared to address health surveillance and monitoring for such a disaster,” said Lynn R. Goldman, MD, MPH, professor of environmental health sciences at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. “We must clearly communicate the limits of our knowledge to communities. But what will be especially tough to communicate is that our definition of who is exposed and to what toxins can change as we get more data and analyze them.”