tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endotoxin Activity Associated With "New" Pneumonia Agents
Authors: DONATO FUMAROLA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1980Endotoxin Activity Associated With "New" Pneumonia AgentsDONATO FUMAROLA, M.D., GIUSEPPE MIRAGLIOTTA, M.D., IRENE MUNNO, SC. BIOL.DONATO FUMAROLA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GIUSEPPE MIRAGLIOTTA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, IRENE MUNNO, SC. BIOL.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-4-645_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Weinstein (1) has rightly pointed out the extraordinary increase in knowledge of the "new" pneumonia agents (2) after the identification ofLegionella pneumophila. We have investigated the limulus gelation ability of many members of these "new" bacterial pathogens. In a preliminary approach (3) we have studied suspensions of nonviable, heat killed organisms (100°C for 60 minutes) including HEBA, WIGA, and TATLOCK agents (kindly provided by Dr. K. M. McKinney, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta), and atypical Legionella-like organisms (ALLO), namely ALLO1(tentatively defined as WIGA), ALLO3(designated LS 13), and ALLO4(designated NY 23) (supplied by Dr....References1. WEINSTEIN L. The "new" pneumonias: the doctor's dilemma. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:559-61. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar2. EDITORIAL. Severe pneumonia—a continuing story. Lancet. 1980;1:1064-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. FUMAROLAIRAGLIOTTAMUNNOMONNO DGIR. Unclassified Legionella-like organisms and Limulus endotoxin assay. Int Res Commun Systems Med Sci. 1980;8 (June): In press. Google Scholar4. FUMAROLAMONNOMUNNO DRI. Toxic activities of Legionella pneumophila: current status of investigations. Microbiologica. 1980;3:115-21. Google Scholar5. MULLER H. Proteolytic action of Legionella pneumophila, on human serum proteins. Infect Immun. 1980;27:51-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Institute of Medical Microbiology University of Bari 70124 Bari Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByOpsonic requirements for phagocytosis of Legionella micdadei by polymorphonuclear leukocytes 1 October 1980Volume 93, Issue 4Page: 645-645KeywordsBacterial pathogensEndotoxinsLegionella pneumophilaPneumonia Issue Published: 1 October 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
An epidemiological investigation of leukemia incidence between 2003 and 2007 in Nanjing, China
Authors: Bao-An Chen, Zhi-Hu Huang, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Jian Ou-Yang, Jian-Yong Li, Yong-Ping Zhai, Xue-Mei Sun, Yan-Li Xu, Qin Lu, Jian-Min Wang, Dong Li, Hui Liao, Zhi-Xiang Shen, Yan-Yan Wang, Xiao-Jing Yu, Hui Ye, Li-Ying Zhuang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2010)

There has been little literature about leukemia epidemiology in Nanjing in recent years. We aimed to explore the incidence rate, gender and age distribution of leukemia in Nanjing using the leukemia database of the city. The average yearly incidence rate of leukemia was 3.68/105 during 2003 - 2007 in Nanjing. There were no significant difference in gender (x2 = 3.266, p > 0.05) or seasons (x2 = 11.36, p > 0.05). The incidence rate was the highest in group aged 80~ years (18.64/105). AML accounted for approximately 36.8% of all leukemias. The incidence rate of leukemia, especially in the aged population, was relatively high in Nanjing. Leukemia is the major malignant tumor in children. Therefore, more attention should be paid to leukemia in children and the aged people.
A placebo- and active-controlled randomized trial of prophylactic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray
Authors: D GRAFT, D AARONSON, P CHERVINSKY, H KAISER, J MELAMED, A PEDINOFF, J ROSEN, E SCHENKEL, M VANDEWALKER, A KEIM
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Effect of phalloidin on structure and permeability of rete capillaries in the normal and hypoxic state.
Authors: E A Rasio, M Bendayan, C A Goresky, J S Alexander, D Shepro
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The effects of 10(-6) M phalloidin on reperfusion-injured blood capillary structure and permeability were studied in the countercurrent perfused rete mirabile of the eel swim bladder. In the normal rete, the addition of phalloidin to the perfusion medium did not induce morphological or functional changes. When flow was arrested for 30 minutes, during which time the capillaries were exposed to inhibitors of ATP generation, and flow was then resumed with an oxygenated medium, cell membrane blebs and vacuolization, mitochondrial swelling, pericyte shrinkage, and interstitial space edema were observed. The permeability coefficients for labeled albumin, sucrose, and sodium increased to three to four times baseline values, whereas the permeability to water was not significantly modified. When the same protocol was repeated with phalloidin present in the medium throughout the experiment, the structural integrity of the endothelial cells was completely preserved and pericyte shrinkage was abolished, but interstitial space edema still occurred. The permeability to albumin, sucrose, and sodium increased only to 1.5 times baseline values, a significantly decreased increment in comparison with the experiments performed without phalloidin. We concluded that although phalloidin does not improve the capillary barrier of the normal rete, it provides protection against the structural and functional damage induced by hypoxia and reperfusion.
The "Modern" Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: Donald J. Dalessio
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I noted with interest in the<i>Washington News</i>section (<b>202</b>:Oct 30, 1967, adv p 47) that the Supreme Court has agreed to decide whether criminal punishment of alcoholics is constitutional. It is of some interest that, in that same issue (adv p 23), under the heading, "<i>JAMA</i>75 Years Ago," for Oct 29, 1892, the initial item makes some cogent comments regarding the national folly of arresting and sending to jail poor victims of inebriety. The latter article goes on to state that it is time for our American physicians to "take up the subject of inebriety and study it as a purely medical topic, not leave it to police courts and moralists to point out the evil and its remedies." I have no other comment to make, save for the observation that this is one situation where advances have proceeded "with all deliberate speed."
The hamster cheek pouch model for field cancerization studies
Authors: Andrea Monti‐Hughes, Romina F. Aromando, Miguel A. Pérez, Amanda E. Schwint, Maria E. Itoiz
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract External carcinogens, such as tobacco and alcohol, induce molecular changes in large areas of oral mucosa, which increase the risk of malignant transformation. This condition, known as ‘field cancerization’, can be detected in biopsy specimens using histochemical techniques, even before histological alterations are identified. The efficacy of these histochemical techniques as biomarkers of early cancerization must be demonstrated in appropriate models. The hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model, universally employed in biological studies and in studies for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer, is also an excellent model of field cancerization. The carcinogen is applied in solution to the surface of the mucosa and induces alterations that recapitulate the stages of cancerization in human oral mucosa. We have demonstrated that the following can be used for the early detection of cancerized tissue: silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions; the Feulgen reaction to stain DNA followed by ploidy analysis; immunohistochemical analysis of fibroblast growth factor‐2, immunohistochemical labeling of proliferating cells to demonstrate an increase of epithelial cell proliferation in the absence of inflammation; and changes in markers of angiogenesis (i.e. those indicating vascular endothelial growth factor activity, endothelial cell proliferation and vascular density). The hamster cheek pouch model of oral cancer was also proposed and validated by our group for boron neutron capture therapy studies for the treatment of oral cancer. Clinical trials of this novel treatment modality have been performed and are underway for certain tumor types and localizations. Having demonstrated the efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy to control tumors in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model, we adapted the model for the long‐term study of field cancerized tissue. We demonstrated the inhibitory effect of boron neutron capture therapy on tumor development in field cancerized tissue with acceptable levels of mucositis, a dose‐limiting side‐effect.
Health in Iraq
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Critical Care Medicine Manual
Authors: Christen C. Rattenborg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The book is a compilation of talks covering most aspects of critical care medicine, which were presented at the annual symposia sponsored by the Postgraduate Division of the Southern California School of Medicine. The list of authors constitutes the blue book of critical care medicine: William Ganz, R. M. Hardaway, Henning Pontoppidan, Peter Safar, William C. Shoemaker, and H. T. C. Swan. For many of the contributors, this is a presentation of frontier work. Several topics have received excellent treatment, particularly "Treatment of Shock and Trauma States," "Brain Monitoring and Homeostasis," and "Hemodynamic Defects Including Shock." Coverage is not uniform; most pertinent problems are treated in depth, but many questions are left unanswered. Nevertheless, the editors have managed the difficult task of subdividing the book and have provided well-organized titles and subtitles. The result is a book that is well balanced typographically, but it is obvious that many of the
Essoins and EOKA
Authors: D J Blomley
Journal: BMJ (2001)

If you went to law in early medieval times in England both you and your adversary were obliged to appear in court in person. This often led to delays. In the words of the great legal historian F W Maitland (1909): “Justice had to be slow if it was to be just, the sick man cannot come so one must wait until he is well; one must give the crusader the chance of returning.” Excuses for non-attendance were known as essoins, and, for actions involving ownership of land brought by Writ of Right, these could take many forms. A man pleading sickness, for example, was allowed to delay an action by a year and a day if he took to his bed. If the court was suspicious, however, four …
α1-Antitrypsin mutations in NAFLD: High prevalence and association with altered iron metabolism but not with liver damage
Authors: Luca Valenti, Paola Dongiovanni, Alberto Piperno, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Marco Maggioni, Raffaela Rametta, Paola Loria, Maria Antonietta Casiraghi, Elda Suigo, Roberto Ceriani, Erica Remondini, Paola Trombini, Silvia Fargion
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Hyperferritinemia, a common feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has been associated with steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Heterozygosity for α1-antitrypsin (AAT) mutations is a cofactor of liver damage, and AAT influences inflammation and iron metabolism. This study evaluated the prevalence of the common AAT PiS/PiZ mutants in 353 patients with NAFLD, 195 of whom had hyperferritinemia, versus 114 matched controls and their influence on iron metabolism and the severity of liver damage in the 212 patients submitted to biopsy. PiS and PiZ alleles were searched for by restriction analysis. Thirty-eight patients (10.8%) carried non-MM genotypes versus 4/114 (3.5%) controls (P = .02). Patients carrying AAT mutations had higher ferritin (573 [454–966] vs. 348 [201–648]; P = .001) with similar transferrin saturation. The difference was more evident in males (P < .0001) and significant in patients not carrying HFE genotypes associated with iron overload (P = .015). The prevalence of non-MM genotypes was higher in patients with hyperferritinemia than in those without (28/195, 14% vs. 10/158, 6%, P = .016), and AAT mutations were associated with higher prevalence of sinusoidal siderosis (17/27, 63% vs. 70/180, 39%; P = .02), and sinusoidal/total iron score (46.3 ± 38% vs. 25.1 ± 35%, P = .01). Although ferritin was independently associated with fibrosis (P = .047), AAT mutations favoring sinusoidal iron deposition did not affect liver damage. In conclusion, AAT mutations are associated with hyperferritinemia and sinusoidal iron accumulation, but not with more severe liver damage in NAFLD. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:857–864.)
County Society Membership.
Authors: Mary Gage-Day
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Kingston-on-Hudson, Feb. 24, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Journalof Feb. 22—page 525—contains a letter from Dr. William P. Munn, of Denver, concerning the reorganization of state medical societies. The point to which he takes exception is that in all cases membership in the county society shall constitute membership in the state society, and that membership in the lower body shall be necessary for membership in the higher. His objection is that this is unfair to certain honorable members of the profession, who are already members of the state societies, but who do not care to work in county organizations. (He also refers to the judicial side of the question, upon which I have no opinion to offer.) From my own experience with physicians it seems incredible that any honorable physician could wish to do other than work in his own county society and do all in his power
Hand-Rubbing With an Aqueous Alcoholic Solution vs Traditional Surgical Hand-Scrubbing and 30-Day Surgical Site Infection Rates&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Equivalence Study&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Jean Jacques Parienti
Journal: JAMA (2002)

URGICAL SITE INFECTIONS (SSI) prolong hospital stays 1 ; they are also among the leading nosocomial causes of morbidity 2 and a source of excess medical costs. 3Sterile gloves contribute to preventing surgical wound contamination, 4 but some are permeable to bacteria and all can be damaged during use.Effective hand antisepsis thus remains crucial.Guidelines on hand and forearm antisepsis for operating department staff 5 aim at removing transient microorganisms and reducing the resident flora (by at least 2-log).In France, 2 protocols are recommended for surgical hand preparation: 5 minutes of hand-scrubbing with antiseptic soap; and an optional 1-minute hand wash with nonantiseptic soap and tap water, followed by 5 minutes of hand-rubbing with a liquid aqueous alcoholic solution (AAS) alone.In other European countries, only 3 minutes of hand-rubbing with AAS are
Rise and demise of the hospital: a reappraisal of nursing
Authors: Nick Black
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rise and demise of the hospital: a reappraisal of nursingNick Black Doctors, managers and politicians have tended to underestimate the importance of nursing.Greater recognition is crucial for the success of modern hospitals Hospitals face an uncertain future.After a century of achievement and progress, the public, clinicians, managers, and politicians are increasingly expressing concern.Currently, the UK public's principal worry is the danger of hospital acquired infection, particularly methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 1 but it also includes mixed sex wards, poor quality food, inadequate cleaning, insufficient attention from staff, and the risk of being the victim of a medical error.In 2000, 850 000 adverse events occurred a year, costing the health service £2bn ($3.4bn; €2.9bn). 2 Up to 40 000 patients die each year because of iatrogenesis, with a similar incidence in other industrialised countries. 3his contributes to politicians' enduring concern: hospitals' apparently insatiable appetite for resources.Attempts to achieve greater efficiency through economies of scale are leading to fewer, larger general hospitals. 4Ironically, this is happening at a time when public confidence in larger general hospitals is waning, with the prospect of them being avoided in favour of smaller private hospitals by those who can afford them. 5ll in all, it is a fairly forlorn outlook, but we have been here before.What can we learn from the past?Once an attractive and desirable place of care
Internal Medicine Practice in Transition
Authors: James G. Nuckolls
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The curriculum for internal medicine needs to be changed to eliminate the dichotomy between training and practice. At the same time, changing medical needs and the actual conditions of medical practice must be taken into account. The new curriculum, at the very least, needs to emphasize the central position of general internists in health care delivery. To accomplish this, several subjects must be added to the curriculum, including additional training in ambulatory care, management of chronic disease, medical procedures, and the doctor-patient relationship. Learning to direct a coordinated health care team should also be included. A more definitive restructuring would require reorganizing medical centers around three major departments: primary care, subspecialty medicine, and surgery.
Amelioration of Acute Renal Failure by Stem Cell Therapy—Paracrine Secretion Versus Transdifferentiation into Resident Cells
Authors: F. Togel, Z. Hu, K. Weiss, J. Isaac, C. Lange, C. Westenfelder
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Although the kidney has been suspected, though not definitively proven, to contain organ-specific pluripotent stem cells, their role in regeneration after renal injury is uncertain ([1][1]–[3][2]). Recently, however, several investigators found evidence for a renoprotective role of non–organ-
A Review of Experience Operating a General Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: T. J. H. Clark, J. V. Collins, T. R. Evans, K. Tweedily
Journal: BMJ (1971)

From 18 months' experience of operating a four-bedded general medical intensive care unit a high staff-to-patient ratio was the most important factor in its success. Heavy capital spending does not appreciably reduce the importance of adequate numbers of trained staff, though patient-monitoring equipment can be useful and sometimes vital. As the scope for intensive care widens, the problems of clinical care become difficult, because no doctor is likely to be competent enough to provide for all categories of patients, and there is no intensive care equivalent of the general physician. Intensive care is likely to function best in a divisional specialist system of clinical care.
Arylamine-DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo: their role in bacterial mutagenesis and urinary bladder carcinogenesis
Authors: Frederick A. Beland, David T. Beranek, Kenneth L. Dooley, Robert H. Heflich, Fred F. Kadlubar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Hepatic N-oxidation, followed by N-glucuronidation, has been proposed as a route of metabolic activation for arylamine bladder carcinogens. It is postulated that the N-glucuronides are transported to the bladder lumen where they are hydrolyzed under slightly acidic conditions to release direct-acting carcinogenic and mutagenic N-hydroxyarylamines. In this study, 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), 1-naphthylamine (1-NA), 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), 4-nitrobiphenyl (NBP), benzidine (BZ), and N-acetylbenzidine (ABZ) were administered to male beagle dogs (60 μmole/kg), and the bladder epithelium DNA adducts were quantified at various times after treatment. At 24-48 hr after administration, the order of binding to bladder epithelium DNA was: ABP >> AAF > NBP ≅ 2-NA≅BZ ≅ ABZ >> 1-NA. The level of DNA modification by ABP remained constant for 7 days, whereas 2-NA and AAF residues decreased by 35% and 80%, respectively. The extent and relative persistence of total DNA binding correlated with the compounds' ability to induce bladder tumors in dogs. ABP, AAF, NBP, 2-NA and ABZ administration resulted in DNA binding sufficient for adduct analysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the DNA and examination of the adducts by high pressure liquid chromatography indicated that arylamine substitution at C8 of deoxyguanosine was the dominant product. Additional adducts were detected in animals treated with ABP, NBP, and 2-NA. Furthermore, the profiles of adducts obtained in vivo were remarkably similar to the profiles obtained when the N-hydroxy arylamine metabolites of these carcinogens were reacted with DNA in vitro at pH 5.0. To evaluate the mutagenic potential of these arylamine-DNA adducts, Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535 and TA 1538 were incubated with N-hydroxy-2-NA, N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene (AF), N-hydroxy-ABP, and N-hydroxy-ABZ and the resulting DNA adducts and reversions were quantified. Arylamine-C8-deoxyguanosine substitution was correlated with frameshift reversions induced by these agents, with the lesions showing a relative order of mutagenic efficiency of ABZ>AF≅2-NA>ABP. These data suggest that mutagenic N-hydroxyarylamines may be ultimate carcinogens for the bladder epithelium. Furthermore, if one assumes that a mutagenic lesion is important for tumor initiation, then C8-deoxyguanosine substitution by these compounds may be significant for urinary bladder carcinogenesis.