tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOME REMARKS ABOUT ASEPSIS IN MILITARY SERVICE.
Authors: EDWARD BOECKMANN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It is with some hesitancy that I venture to bring such a worn-out topic as asepsis before this distinguished assembly, which is represented by our foremost bacteriologists, our best surgeons and by men who, perhaps, daily have opportunity to rejoice in the good fruits of their aseptic efforts. But when I at the same time consider that the last word on asepsis has not yet by any means been spoken, that our views are subject to change and our opinions vary, that there yet prevails considerable difference and even uncertainty with regard to the value of the different means and apparatus of disinfection, that daily. partly through ignorance and partly through negligence, violence is done to the simple but strict laws of asepsis, and that we military surgeons, because of the peculiar and difficult conditions under which we must exercise the aseptic art in service, particularly should be conversant with
Locally delivered salicylic acid from a poly(anhydride-ester): Impact on diabetic bone regeneration
Authors: Keisuke Wada, Weiling Yu, Mohamad Elazizi, Sandrine Barakat, Michelle A. Ouimet, Roselin Rosario-Meléndez, Joseph P. Fiorellini, Dana T. Graves, Kathryn E. Uhrich
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Diffuse TI-201 Uptake in the Lungs
Authors: HUSSEIN ABDEL-DAYEM, REMZI BAG, HOMER MACAPINLAC, ABDELHAMID H. ELGAZZAR, NOUMAN HABBAB, FRED PESCATORE, JEFF KEMPF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Diffuse TI-201 uptake in the lungs could be because of cardiac, neoplastic, inflammatory, or interstitial lung disease. Examples from the different categories, differential diagnosis, and different patterns are presented. The authors discuss the different mechanisms of increased TI-201 uptake in the lungs which vary according to the underlying pathology.
THE LIVER REQUIREMENT OF THE FASTING ORGANISM
Authors: Peyton Rous, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

In rats fasted after the removal of about seven-tenths of the liver the remaining fragment undergoes ordinarily a marked simple hypertrophy and attains the weight reached through a process of simple atrophy by the entire liver of fasting controls. Under circumstances of exceptionally severe inanition, the hypertrophy may not occur, the fragment remaining unchanged or even undergoing a slight atrophy. But since in comparable controls the hepatic atrophy is extreme, the duplication in the liver weights still manifests itself. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the liver changes which take place in fasting animal are essentially conditioned on functional demands made upon the organ. Yet great as is the hepatic atrophy then occurring, this does not necessarily mean that these demands are much lessened during inanition. For a comparison of the liver weight with that of the soft body (net body weight less the weight of the ligamentous skeleton) brings out the fact that the organ is, relatively speaking, three-fourths as large at extreme inanition as in the well nourished individual. Of the missing fourth a part may be foodstuffs on temporary deposit. And the rest is perhaps to be accounted for by the existence of special conditions during inanition which favor the vicarious assumption of a part of the usual liver work by the other tissues. While the findings show that the liver size is essentially dependent on functional demands, they do not enable one to say whether the special demands in question come normally to the organ by way of the portal stream.
Flawed Inferences About Screening Mammography's Benefit Based on Observational Data
Authors: Donald A. Berry, Cornelia J. Baines, Michael Baum, Kay Dickersin, Suzanne W. Fletcher, Peter C. Gøtzsche, Karsten Juhl Jørgensen, Bernard Junod, Jan Mæhlen, Lisa M. Schwartz, H. Gilbert Welch, Steven Woloshin, Hazel Thornton, Per-Henrik Zahl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)
The Early Bactericidal Activity of Ciprofloxacin in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: FREDERICK A. SIRGEL, FREDERICK J. BOTHA, DONALD P. PARKIN, BERNARD W. VAN de WAL, ROBERT SCHALL, PETER R. DONALD, DENIS A. MITCHISON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The early bactericidal activity (EBA) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was measured in 80 patients with previously untreated, smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis by counting viable bacilli in sputum collections during the first 2 d of treatment. Groups of about 10 patients were treated daily with graded doses of CIP or with 300 mg isoniazid or with no drug. The mean EBA, defined as the fall in log CFU/ ml sputum/d, increased from − 0.011 in the no drug group to 0.046, 0.092, 0.121, and 0.205 in the groups receiving 250, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 mg CIP, respectively, a highly significant trend. These results demonstrate the antimycobacterial activity of CIP in high dosage, though the mean EBAs of 0.55 and 0.66 in two groups receiving isoniazid were much higher.
Moderate lead poisoning: trends in blood lead levels in unchelated children.
Authors: M E Markowitz, P E Bijur, H A Ruff, K Balbi, J F Rosen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The appropriate clinical management of children who are moderately poisoned with lead (Pb) is under active investigation. To determine the pattern of change in blood Pb (BPb) levels in the absence of chelation therapy, we followed moderately Pb-poisoned children (initial blood Pb levels 1.21-2.66 mumol/l or 25-55 micrograms/dl) for 6 months with repeated BPb level measurements. Chelation therapy was not administered because all the children had negative lead mobilization tests indicating limited response to the chelating agent, calcium disodium edetate (CaNa2EDTA). Eligible children received the following interventions: notification of the health department to remediate lead hazards; reinforced educational efforts about the toxicity sources and treatment of Pb during 10 clinic and 3 home visits; and iron therapy for children with ferritin levels less than 16 micrograms/l. To quantify the lead paint hazards in the home, we combined a visual rating of the surfaces (intact to peeling) with an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement of the lead content of the painted surface. The sum of these assessments is termed the home environmental score (HES). Data were analyzed from 79 children. BPb levels declined by 27%, on average, over 6 months. HES was correlated with BPb at enrollment, but neither the initial nor later HES measurements predicted BPb at other time points. The HES was highest at enrollment and declined by 50% and 75% at the second and third home visits, respectively. However, only a minority of the children (20%) achieved an HES of 0, indicating no lead paint hazards at home. Despite some ongoing Pb exposure, a parallel fall in BPb levels was observed in subgroups of children with either initially low or high HES (above or below the median HES of 37). Iron status did not account for the change in BPb levels. These data provide evidence that our measure, the HES, is quantifiably related to BPb levels in children, that this correlation is significant only prior to intervention; and that BPb levels decline in children who are moderately poisoned with Pb after they are enrolled in a comprehensive intervention program, even in the absence of chelation therapy and in the presence of ongoing lead paint exposure and Fe deficiency.
Increased Rate of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Parents of Children Attending Day-Care Centers
Authors: Robert F. Pass, Cecelia Hutto, Rebecca Ricks, Gretchen A. Cloud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We screened parents of children from three previously studied day-care centers where children have maintained high rates of cytomegalovirus (CMV) excretion, as well as parents of children not in day-care centers (controls), for antibody to CMV. Longitudinal serologic follow-up of seronegative parents revealed that 14 of 67 with children in the day-care centers acquired CMV, as compared with none of 31 controls (P<0.003). All 14 parents who seroconverted had a child who was shedding CMV in saliva or urine. Among the day-care group, acquisition of CMV occurred in 14 of 46 parents of children who shed CMV, as compared with none of 21 whose children did not excrete the virus (P<0.0001). There was no correlation between parental seroconversion and sex, race, age, number of years of education, marital status, occupation, or number of children in the home. CMV infection occurred in 9 of 20 parents (45 percent) with a child shedding CMV who was 18 months of age or less at enrollment. We conclude that children often transmit CMV to parents and could be an important source of maternal CMV infection during pregnancy. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314:1414–8.)
RUPTURE OF DUODENUM CAUSED BY A BLOW
Authors: C. Maddock
Journal: BMJ (1914)

EAPRIL I8, i9g4"cigarette drain."The upper incision was closed in three layers.On his return to bei he was puit in the Fowler position and coutinuous rectal saline iniftusion given.Unifortunately he developed chest symptomis and died on the telnth day after the operation.At the post-m1iortemn examiniation it was found that the ab(lo- minal organs were matted togetlher by recent plastic peritoniitis.There was some lymph around( the track of the drain; the rupture was closed so as to be watertight.The upper lobe of the right lung was in a condition of grey hepatization, an(d almost the whole of the left lung was in the same coIndition.He had clearly (lied from pneumironia, and not from the abdo- minal condition.
The NIEHS Environmental Health Sciences Data Resource Portal: Placing Advanced Technologies in Service to Vulnerable Communities
Authors: Keith Pezzoli, Robert Tukey, Hiram Sarabia, Ilya Zaslavsky, Marie Lynn Miranda, William A. Suk, Abel Lin, Mark Ellisman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Two devastating hurricanes ripped across the Gulf Coast of the United States during 2005. The effects of Hurricane Katrina were especially severe: the human and environmental health impacts on New Orleans, Louisiana, and other Gulf Coast communities will be felt for decades to come. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) estimates that Katrina's destruction disrupted the lives of roughly 650,000 Americans. Over 1,300 people died. The projected economic costs for recovery and reconstruction are likely to exceed $125 billion.The NIEHS (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) Portal aims to provide decision makers with the data, information, and the tools they need to a) monitor human and environmental health impacts of disasters; b) assess and reduce human exposures to contaminants; and c) develop science-based remediation, rebuilding, and repopulation strategies.The NIEHS Portal combines advances in geographic information systems (GIS), data mining/integration, and visualization technologies through new forms of grid-based (distributed, web-accessible) cyberinfrastructure.The scale and complexity of the problems presented by Hurricane Katrina made it evident that no stakeholder alone could tackle them and that there is a need for greater collaboration. The NIEHS Portal provides a collaboration-enabling, information-laden base necessary to respond to environmental health concerns in the Gulf Coast region while advancing integrative multidisciplinary research.The NIEHS Portal is poised to serve as a national resource to track environmental hazards following natural and man-made disasters, focus medical and environmental response and recovery resources in areas of greatest need, and function as a test bed for technologies that will help advance environmental health sciences research into the modern scientific and computing era.
Oral contraception and its possible protection against rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J M Hazes, D van Zeben
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

As of February 1991, epidemiologic studies had still not conclusively identified risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the 1970s, the Royal College of General Practitioners conducted a study which indicated that oral contraceptive (OC) use may protect against RA. Scientists have since conducted several other studies, but they have not been able to provide clear answers. OC use caused a fall in RA by about 50% in 7 studies. The results of 1 study was inconclusive. Methodological problems existed for the earliest studies. Even recent studies without these problems conflict with each other. In the late 1980s, 2 meta analyses pooled reported relative risks (RR) of RA for ever users of OCs and found a slight protective effect. 1 analysis separated prior research findings into those from the US and those from Europe. The other analysis pooled the risk ratios for hospital based studies and population based studies separately. Since many studies were hospital based, scientists explained the divergence on patient selection. The preliminary results of a methodological impressive study in Seattle, Washington showed a significant reduction RA risk in current users of OCs, but only slight reduction in past OC users. All of these findings posed 2 possible explanations on how OCs protect against RA: they may prevent progression of mild to severe RA by altering the disease process or they only prevent the development of progressive destructive RA. The Royal College later analyzed recent data and found that the RR of RA among current OC users approximates the RR among former users. The many inconsistencies between these studies suggests that OC use may be a marker for some other casual factor which differs among subjects.
Trained to Avoid Primary Care
Authors: David W. Dowdy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

On Being a Doctor7 June 2011Trained to Avoid Primary CareDavid W. Dowdy, MD, PhDDavid W. Dowdy, MD, PhDFrom University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-11-201106070-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The message came unexpectedly. On a Tuesday night, while my wife and daughter were asleep in the next room, I ran hurriedly through the day's e-mails to make sure I hadn't missed something important. Despite duty-hours restrictions and elective rotations as a second-year resident, I still rarely went to bed with my family. Message 38 for the day:Dear Dr. Dowdy,I am a social worker writing to you regarding a patient we shared. His name was Daniel Kovacs. Mr. Kovacs died yesterday. The Public Administrator's office is making final arrangements for Mr. Kovacs because he was indigent, had no durable ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David W. Dowdy, MD, PhDAffiliations: From University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.Corresponding Author: David W. Dowdy, MD, PhD, Internal Medicine Residency Program, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M-987, San Francisco, CA 94143; e-mail, david.w.[email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byExploring US internal medicine resident career preferences: a Q-methodology studyThe Selling of Primary Care 2015The EFECT framework for interprofessional education in the patient centered medical homeTraining Tomorrow's Comprehensive Primary Care Internists: A Way Forward for Internal Medicine Education 7 June 2011Volume 154, Issue 11Page: 776-777KeywordsBladder cancerInfectious diseasesInpatientsInternational classification of diseases ninth revisionLaboratory testsMenopausePrimary care physiciansResidencySub-specialty careSurgery ePublished: 7 June 2011 Issue Published: 7 June 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The influence of coronary collaterals on the long term outcome of patients after unsucessful PICA a report from the 1985–1986, NHLBI PTCA registry
Authors: Michael E. Ring, Ann Lu Holubkov, Alice K. Jacobs, Richard Holubkov, Nicholas A. Ruocco, Katherine M. Detre, Thomas J. Ryan, David P. Faxon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Abstract 2302: Detection of HMTV env sequences in hormonally dependent tissues
Authors: Beatriz GT Pogo, Heberth Moran, Tania Marin, Anna Lee, Liane Deligdisch, Kathleen Ancaro, Douglas Anderton, Stella Melana, James F. Holland
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancers discovered during pregnancy or lactation (gestational) are known to be very aggressive and of poor prognosis. We have found a Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) like virus in human breast cancer, but not in adjacent normal tissue, indicating it exogenous origin. This virus, Human Mammary Tumor Virus (HMTV) recognized by its unique env sequence is present in 62% of gestational breast cancer, compared with 38% of sporadic breast cancers (Wang et al, 2003. Medical Oncology 20:233-236). The aggressive phenotype of gestational breast cancer was suggested to be due to the effect of hormones that stimulate cellular growth. HMTV- LTR contained sequences which are responsive to several hormones (glucocorticoid, estrogen, prolactin, and progesterone) and a transcription factor (TEF-1 family) (Wang et al, 2003. Medical Oncology 20:233-236). To find if HMTV is present in other tissues that respond to hormones, we have investigated the presence of HMTV sequences in two of these tissues. Endometrium is a classical example of such tissue. Endometrial cancers and normal endometrium were analyzed for HMTV env sequences. The results indicated that HMTV env sequences were present in 3.4% of the normal tissues and 37% of the tumors analyzed. Recently, it was reported that MMTV-like sequence was found in 10% of endometrial cancers (Johal et al. 2010, J. Med. Virology; 82: 1044-50). During lactation, the mammary gland experiences major metabolic changes due to hormonal stimulation. We have examined 88 normal milks and 63 milks from women, who have undergone biopsies. Whereas in the cells of normal milks 8% showed env sequences cells in the milk of the biopsied group showed that 23.8% contain HMTV sequences. These results confirmed electron microscope observations that a betaretrovirus was present in milk from healthy women and those with breast cancer (Moore et al. 1971, Nature 229: 611-615). Taken together, the results presented here suggest that tissues and tumors stimulated by hormones showed high prevalence of HMTV sequences. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2302. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2302
Sequential intranodal immunotherapy induces antitumor immunity and correlated regression of disseminated follicular lymphoma
Authors: Arne Kolstad, Shraddha Kumari, Mateusz Walczak, Ulf Madsbu, Trond Hagtvedt, Trond Velde Bogsrud, Gunnar Kvalheim, Harald Holte, Ellen Aurlien, Jan Delabie, Anne Tierens, Johanna Olweus
Journal: Blood (2014)
One worm in the minnow equals too many in the gut
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The physician could hardly believe what he was seeing through the laparoscope. A bright red worm, 15 cm or more long, was wriggling through the patient's intestinal wall into the abdominal cavity. Then, astonishingly, yet another blood-red worm emerged from the intestine. The scene was an operating room of Franklin Square Hospital in Baltimore not long ago. Within a matter of days, physicians there saw three patients with the same problem. Two required abdominal surgery, and the other was treated medically. The Franklin Square physicians turned to the School of Hygiene and Public Health at the neighboring Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions with the obvious question: What is this worm? Where does it come from? Why are we suddenly seeing patients with this problem? Everett Schiller, ScD, of the school's Tropical Medicine Center concluded that the worm is a species of the genus<i>Eustrongylides</i>, a roundworm that lives in fish-eating birds
Liver from bone marrow in humans
Authors: Neil D. Theise, Manjunath Nimmakayalu, Rebekah Gardner, Peter B. Illei, Glyn Morgan, Lewis Teperman, Octavian Henegariu, Diane S. Krause
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

It has been shown in animal models that hepatocytes and cholangiocytes can derive from bone marrow cells. We have investigated whether such a process occurs in humans. Archival autopsy and biopsy liver specimens were obtained from 2 female recipients of therapeutic bone marrow transplantations with male donors and from 4 male recipients of orthotopic liver transplantations from female donors. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody CAM5.2, specific for cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19, gave typical strong staining of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and ductular reactions in all tissues, to the exclusion of all nonepithelial cells. Slides were systematically photographed and then restained by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for X and Y chromosomes. Using morphologic criteria, field-by-field comparison of the fluorescent images with the prior photomicrographs, and persistence of the diaminiobenzidene (DAB) stain through the FISH protease digestion, Y-positive hepatocytes and cholangiocytes could be identified in male control liver tissue and in all study specimens. Cell counts were adjusted based on the number of Y-positive cells in the male control liver to correct for partial sampling of nuclei in the 3-micron thin tissue sections. Adjusted Y-positive hepatocyte and cholangiocyte engraftment ranged from 4% to 43% and from 4% to 38%, respectively, in study specimens, with the peak values being found in a case of fibrosing cholestatic recurrent hepatitis C in one of the liver transplant recipients. We therefore show that in humans, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes can be derived from extrahepatic circulating stem cells, probably of bone marrow origin, and such "transdifferentiation can replenish large numbers of hepatic parenchymal cells.
Progranulin protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Meng Zhou, Wei Tang, Yi Fu, Xiaoying Xu, Ziying Wang, Yi Lu, Feng Liu, Xinying Yang, Xinbing Wei, Yan Zhang, Juan Liu, Xue Geng, Chun Zhang, Qiang Wan, Ningjun Li, Fan Yi
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES ABOUT THE ELBOW-JOINT AND KNEE-JOINT
Authors: B. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1914)

Tm-ERE are lpcrlhaps nio fractures in the body that call for greater care and patience in their treatmnenit tlhan do fractuLres in the iimmediate vicinity of tlle elbow-joint and lknee-joint.In medical practice it must lhave been the lot of maniy men to lhave witnessed most unsatisfactory end-results, wihere stiffness, deformity, and marked restric- tion of movemncit lhave played the clhief part.This end.result in miost cases has not been in any way from want of perseveriance or patience on the part of the medical attendant, for in a number of old cases that I have seen which had been treated by otlhers, and in which there had been exhibited tlle most conscientious efforts, the end- results werc unsatisfactorv.These two joints are inclispensable to people in tlle richer walks of life, and specially to the bread-winner, and it is for this reason that I venture a few hiints whiclh I lhave found to give, in, the majority of cases, the most satisfactory end-results.These cases, over 100 in all, have come from tlhe casualty