tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0351 The Novel Adipokine Chemerin is A Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: P.H. Dessein, L. Tsang, A.J. Woodiwiss, G.R. Norton, A. Solomon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Whereas chemerin contributes to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1), its role in the enhanced cardiovascular disease risk in RA is unknown. In non-RA subjects, dependent on physiological context, chemerin can reduce or enhance cardiovascular risk (2). <h3>Objectives</h3> We investigated whether chemerin concentrations represent cardiovascular disease risk in RA. <h3>Methods</h3> We assessed ELISA determined chemerin concentrations and those of 4 early endothelial activation molecules as well as angiopoietin 2, which mediates angiogenesis and thereby contributes to advanced atherosclerosis, and the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid artery plaque by ultrasound in 236 (114 black and 122 white) patients with RA. Relationships were identified in potential confounder and mediator adjusted mixed regression models. <h3>Results</h3> Chemerin concentrations were consistently associated with those of angiopoietin 2 (partial R=0.250, p=0.0002 in all patients). The presence of major conventional cardiovascular risk factors, generalized and abdominal obesity, and RA severity markers modified the independent chemerin-cardiovascular risk relations (interaction p&lt;0.05). Consequently, chemerin concentrations were associated with cIMT in those with but not without generalized and abdominal obesity (partial R=0.360, p=0.006 and partial R=0.344, p=0.0008 versus partial R=0.015, p=0.9 and partial R=-0.047, p=0.6), and with plaque in those without but not with generalized obesity (OR (95%CI)=1.008 (1.000-1.016), p=0.04 and 1.004 (0.991-1.017), p=0.6, respectively). The standardized b (SE) for the chemerin-intima-media thickness relations in those with generalized and abdominal obesity (0.372 (0.130) and 0.350 (0.101), respectively) were larger than in those without these characteristics (0.015 (0.084) and -0.047 (0.094), p value=0.01 and 0.004, respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Chemerin is a cardiovascular risk biomarker in RA. High chemerin concentrations represent different atherosclerotic phenotypes (3-8) in obese compared to non-obese patients with RA. <h3>References</h3> Kaneko K et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:R158. Rourke JL et al. Obesity Rev 2013;14:245-62. Riccio SA et al. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2006;4:44. Ebrahim S et al. Stroke 1999;30:841-50 Spence JD et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:e188. Johnsen SH et al. Curr Cardiol Rep 2009;11:21-7. Simon A et al. Arterioscler Thromb Biol Vasc Biol 2010;30:182-5. Johnsen SH et al. Stroke 2007;38:2873-80. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The study was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2510
Abstract 5004: Functional modulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in melanoma
Authors: Altaf A. Dar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) is a member of the IGFBP family, which regulates the mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects of insulin-like growth factors. Hypermethylation of the IGFBP3 promoter has been found to suppress its expression in different tumors. In the present study we evaluated the role of IGFBP3 in melanoma. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) of 12 melanoma cell lines indicated a significant down-regulation of IGFBP3 expression as compared to a normal melanocyte cell line. qRT-PCR of human melanoma tissues showed significant downregulation of IGFBP3 as compared to nevus samples. Melanoma cell lines treated with the demethylating agent 5-AZA-2′deoxycytidine (5AZA) re-expressed IGFBP3 at the mRNA level, indicating a possible role for methylation in the suppression of its expression. We examined the methylation status of the IGFBP3 promoter in cell lines and in human tissue samples by bisulfite DNA sequencing. The promoter region of IGFBP3 in C8161.9 and DO4 melanoma cell lines was hypermethylated, which was completely reversed by treatment of these cells with 5AZA. The IGFBP3 promoter region was also highly methylated in human melanoma samples as compared to normal nevus samples. Overexpressing IGFBP3 in melanoma cells in vitro suppressed cell survival and colony formation and increased rate of apoptosis. Stable overexpression of IGFBP3 suppressed melanoma cell growth in vivo. Our results indicate that silencing of IGFBP3 in melanoma is due to the methylation of its promoter, and overexpression of IGFBP3 induces apoptosis and suppresses cell survival and growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5004.
HIV and Aging — Preparing for the Challenges Ahead
Authors: Edward J. Mills, Till Bärnighausen, Joel Negin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

By 2015, half of HIV-infected U.S. patients will be older than 50 years of age. As antiretroviral therapy coverage expands globally, the aging of the epidemic will be mirrored in developing countries. Yet the world is unprepared to deal with an aging population with HIV.
Activation, Transformation, and Subunit Structure of Steroid Hormone Receptors
Authors: WAYNE W. GRODY, W. T. SCHRADER, BERT W. O'MALLEY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1982)

Steroid hormones act on a wide variety of target cells to alter their structure and function in remarkably diverse ways. However, much evidence has accumulated to suggest that the different steroid hormones, and even the sterol 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, act via similar pathways to produce the same general effects, i.e. the induction of RNA and protein synthesis. These effects are mediated by specific, high affinity hormone-binding proteins termed "receptors." Steroid receptors have been described in many different target tissues, and they often seem to display as many differences as similarities in both their native structure and their various in vitro physicochemical transformations. Yet the homologies of structure of the different steroid hormones, and the similarities in their effector pathways and general metabolic effects, suggest that there may be certain broad similarities about these receptors. It is the purpose of this review to compare the findings on various steroid receptors and to try to integrate them into a general model of receptor structure and function.
Safety of Dyclonine
Authors: John Adriani
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The phrases which Dr. Merifield has quoted out of context certainly create the impression that we regard dyclonine to be free of reactions, but the first two sentences of the same paragraph indicate otherwise. We state that "No ideal drug... is available," and that dyclonine is "relatively safe." The discussion, therefore, adequately conveys our belief that reactions are possible. Our goal was to stress comparative potency and efficacy rather than toxicity. We indicated that the seven or eight most effective drugs are among the more toxic systemically, with the exception of dyclonine, which has a low systemic toxicity. We are familiar with Dr. Merifield's excellent report on his experiences with dyclonine. He found, as we did, that the 1% solution is more effective than the more dilute solutions. We have seen no convulsions with the drug, despite the fact that some staff members utilize the contents of
Small Maternity Services
Authors: Luella Klein
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Traditionally, both families and physicians have considered having or delivering a baby a local event and have expected a maternity unit to be available nearby. In rural states, a significant portion of births continue to take place in small maternity services, and nationwide there is little evidence of consolidation of maternity services or closure of hospital maternity services with small numbers of annual births. 1 Small rural maternity services provide the benefit of the social, psychological, and family support of the local community and avoid prolonged hasty travel at the onset of labor. It is these maternity services, provided by local community hospitals, that are the subject of the study by Hein 2 published in this issue ofThe Journal.  Most small maternity units cannot provide the full range of services for high-risk patients. They can provide the necessary services according to the risk status of the mother and the
Computerized Croupiers: The Las Vegas Lesson-Reply
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> While Dr. Bigg sought the answer to computerized medicine at the recent AMA clinical meeting, his observations refer only to the computerized croupierdoctor. Unable to find a left-handed slot machine, we hooked our computerized player-patient to the roulette wheel. The computer immediately gave his bank roll to the croupier, handing our patient the terse printout, "You lost." Like being told one has cancer, it's no fun learning the truth so quickly.
Relative V beta transcript levels in thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues from various mouse strains. Inverse correlation of I-E and Mls expression with relative abundance of several V beta transcripts in peripheral lymphoid tissues.
Authors: C Y Okada, I L Weissman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We have measured the relative levels of transcripts for 15 of the 22 known V beta gene segments. The level of transcripts for the highest and lowest expressed V beta gene segment differed by greater than 20-fold in the thymus and an even larger difference was observed in the periphery. The levels of expressions were unrelated to the order of the V beta genes on the chromosome. For most of the V beta gene segments, the relative transcript levels were the same in the thymus and periphery, suggesting that thymic selection in general does not act solely upon the V beta gene segment. One V beta gene segment in the BALB and B10 mice strains was an exception to this rule. V beta 5.2 expression in the periphery of BALB and B10 mice inversely correlated with the expression of the MHC class II molecule I-E. Five V beta gene segments had reduced transcript levels in the periphery of Mls-1a mice compared with their thymic levels or to the levels found in Mls-1b mice. The peripheral level of V beta 3 transcripts vary with MHC and Mls-2 haplotypes. The observation that certain V beta transcript levels are reduced in the periphery when compared with the thymus favors the hypothesis that self tolerance at the T cell level results in the elimination of self-reactive T cells, rather than paralysis by a block at some post-transcriptional step. Finally, the wide variability of V beta gene segment expression in the thymus suggests mechanisms exist to import an early bias to the repertoire. Whether this bias results from differential V beta segment rearrangement rates, differential V beta expression rates, or events occurring after TCR-alpha/beta expression on immature/nonmature thymocyte cell surfaces is yet to be determined.
Anti-inflammatory drugs and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: C. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Background</h3> Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing has rich potential for genomic epidemiology and public health investigations of bacterial pathogens, particularly in low-resource settings and at the point of care, due to its portability and affordability. However, low base-call accuracy has limited the reliability of ONT data for critical tasks such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence gene detection and typing, serotype prediction and cluster identification. Thus, Illumina sequencing remains the standard for genomic surveillance despite higher capital and running costs. <h3>Methods</h3> We tested the accuracy of ONT-only assemblies for common applied bacterial genomics tasks (genotyping and cluster detection, implemented via Kleborate, Kaptive and Pathogenwatch), using data from 54 unique Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. ONT reads generated via MinION with R9.4 flowcells were basecalled using three alternative models (Fast, High-accuracy (HAC) and Super-accuracy (SUP), available within ONT’s Guppy software), assembled with Flye and polished using Medaka. Accuracy of typing using ONT-only assemblies was compared with that of Illumina-only and hybrid ONT+Illumina assemblies, constructed from the same isolates as reference standards. <h3>Results</h3> The most resource-intensive ONT-assembly approach (SUP basecalling, with or without Medaka polishing) performed best, yielding reliable capsule (K) type calls for all strains (100% exact or best matching locus), reliable multi-locus sequence type (MLST) assignment (98.3% exact match or single-locus variants), and good detection of acquired AMR genes and mutations (88% – 100% correct identification across the various drug classes). Distance-based trees generated from SUP+Medaka assemblies accurately reflected overall genetic relationships between isolates; however, the definition of outbreak clusters from ONT-only assemblies was problematic. HAC basecalling + Medaka polishing performed similarly to SUP basecalling without polishing, and polishing introduced errors into HAC- or Fast-basecalled assemblies. Therefore, we recommend investing compute resources into basecalling (SUP model) over polishing, where compute resources and/or time are limiting. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Overall, our results show that MLST, K type and AMR determinants can be reliably identified with ONT-only data. However, cluster detection remains challenging with this technology.
Incomplete Elimination of the ABBOS Epitope of Bovine Serum Albumin Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions of Infants
Authors: Arno C Alting, Ron J G M Meijer, Emerentia C H van Beresteijn
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Because the bovine serum albumin residues 126–144 (ABBOS) have been reported to be responsible for the autoimmune reaction directed against pancreatic islet cells, it was our aim to study the potential survival of the ABBOS epitope during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Either nontreated (commercially available) or heat-treated bovine serum albumin (BSA) was hydrolyzed in vitro with pepsin at a pH of 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 and subsequently with pancreatic enzymes at a pH of 7.5. Cross-reactivity between the ABBOS peptide and the BSA hydrolysates was determined by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the ABBOS peptide in BSA. RESULTS Biochemical findings clearly showed that the degradation of BSA during simulated physiological digestion depended on its conformation and on the pH of its pepsin-catalyzed hydrolysis. Raising the pH of the pepsin-catalyzed hydrolysis from 2.0 to 4.0 decreased the efficiency of the process, especially when BSA had first been denatured by heat treatment. As a consequence, a large proportion of the cross-reactive anti-ABBOS antibody-binding sites was still intact in the final hydrolysates. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the ABBOS epitope of BSA will not be completely eliminated during digestion under conditions that prevail in the stomach of infants (pH 3–4).
Alcohol Interventions in Trauma Centers
Authors: George F. Gitlitz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Dr Gentilello and colleagues1focus on a major public health problem, alcohol-related injuries.  is the third leading cause of death in the United States, most often the result of alcohol-related trauma. Survivors of alcohol-related injuries are common in community hospitals and trauma centers. Few health care institutions screen patients for alcohol, and many reasons and excuses are offered. Today these beliefs and attitudes must be addressed in each hospital considering starting to screen for alcohol. With that in mind, and as a direct result of American Medical Association (AMA) Resolution 190,2which states that the AMA encourages the development of alcohol screening programs for injured patients admitted to hospitals, the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment developed a treatment improvement protocol (TIP) entitled Alcohol and Other Drug Screening of Hospitalized Trauma Patients. A TIP is a series of documents the goals of which are to
Regular Review: Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: A. M Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Although parts of Africa already have a heterosexual epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the potential for a major epidemic in the US or Europe remains a subject for speculation. Future heterosexual spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is likely to depend on 2 key factors: patterns of sexual and needle sharing behavior; and the probability of transmission of HIV from men to women and from women to men. There is some evidence that the risk of transmission from men to women increases both with the duration of the seuxal relationship and the frequency of sexual contact. Infectivity has been suggested to increase as people progress towards AIDS. The relative risk for transmission by different sexual practices requires further study. Studies of HIV transmission from women to men have been small so that it is difficult to assess the relative risks of transmission from women to men and from men to women. Infectivity of the index case cannot yet be measured. It appears that infectivity varies both between individuals and within individuals over time. Treatment to reduce infectivity may be important in controlling the epidemic.
ANTIGENIC ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN GROUP B ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUSES BY ANTIBODY ABSORPTION
Authors: D. H. Clarke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

A method for carrying out antibody absorption studies for antigenic analysis of group B arthropod-borne (arbor) viruses is described and examples of homologous and heterologous absorption curves are presented. Evidence that antigenic structure can be a stable property was obtained with three strains of West Nile virus isolated from different hosts in different countries over a period of years. Comparative studies with viruses of the Japanese B-St. Louis-West Nile subgroup indicate that each virus contains a completely specific antigen as well as one or more cross-reactive components. Strains of yellow fever virus isolated in America were shown to lack an antigen present in strains of African origin although no differences were found between isolates from the same geographical area. The attenuated 17 D vaccine strain of yellow fever was found to have acquired an additional antigen not present in the unadapted parent or in other strains tested. However, alteration in pathogenicity for man was not found to be necessarily attended by any antigenic modification, as shown by the antigenic identity of the French neurotropic vaccine strain with its pantropic parent.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Sleepy Patients with Milder Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Terri E. Weaver, Cristina Mancini, Greg Maislin, Jacqueline Cater, Bethany Staley, J. Richard Landis, Kathleen A. Ferguson, Charles F. P. George, David A. Schulman, Harly Greenberg, David M. Rapoport, Joyce A. Walsleben, Teofilo Lee-Chiong, Indira Gurubhagavatula, Samuel T. Kuna
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Twenty-eight percent of people with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea experience daytime sleepiness, which interferes with daily functioning. It remains unclear whether treatment with continuous positive airway pressure improves daytime function in these patients.To evaluate the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure treatment to improve functional status in sleepy patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea.Patients with self-reported daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score >10) and an apnea-hypopnea index with 3% desaturation and from 5 to 30 events per hour were randomized to 8 weeks of active or sham continuous positive airway pressure treatment. After the 8-week intervention, participants in the sham arm received 8 weeks of active continuous positive airway pressure treatment.The Total score on the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire was the primary outcome measure. The adjusted mean change in the Total score after the first 8-week intervention was 0.89 for the active group (n = 113) and -0.06 for the placebo group (n = 110) (P = 0.006). The group difference in mean change corresponded to an effect size of 0.41 (95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.67). The mean (SD) improvement in Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire Total score from the beginning to the end of the crossover phase (n = 91) was 1.73 ± 2.50 (t[90] = 6.59; P < 0.00001) with an effect size of 0.69.Continuous positive airway pressure treatment improves the functional outcome of sleepy patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea.
1380 INCREASED RISK OF COLORECTAL MALIGNANT NEOPLASM IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: A LARGE CASE–CONTROL STUDY
Authors: M.-H. Zheng, X.-F. Lin, K.-Q. Shi, J. You, W.-Y. Liu, Y.-W. Luo, D.K.-H. Wong, M.-F. Yuen, Y.-P. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)