tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin Therapy and Lipid Overload in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Paresh Dandona
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A review of the literature on common CYP17A1 mutations in adults with 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, a case series of such mutations among Koreans and functional characteristics of a novel mutation
Authors: Yoo-Mi Kim, Minji Kang, Jin-Ho Choi, Beom Hee Lee, Gu-Hwan Kim, Jung Hun Ohn, Seong Yeon Kim, Moon Soo Park, Han-Wook Yoo
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Tumors of unknown origin
Authors: F. A. Greco, J. D. Hainsworth
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1992)

The recognition of subsets of very treatable patients within the large heterogeneous population of carcinomas of unknown primary site represents an advance in the management of these patients. These patients with responsive tumors can be defined with appropriate clinical and pathologic evaluation. A summary of the subsets and an outline of the evaluation necessary for their identification is illustrated in Table 5. A therapeutic trial remains the only method to determine if patients have responsive tumors, and several patients who do not conform to a defined subset do respond to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there is still a large group of patients with relatively insensitive tumors. Improved therapy for these patients will probably await advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and the other gastrointestinal cancers, since the majority of insensitive carcinomas probably arise from these occult primary sites. We have a registry at Vanderbilt and are attempting to register patients of other physicians around the country. We request pathology material and clinical summaries and follow-up data on all these patients. An unstained slide bank has also been established so that special stains developed in the future may be rapidly evaluated. These data may eventually enable us to better determine the frequency and spectrum of these neoplasms and may allow for more specific diagnoses and therapy.
GMC clears obstetrician over claims of wrongly delaying a caesarean section
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A consultant obstetrician and leading advocate of natural birth has been cleared of wrongdoing by the General Medical Council, after she was accused of failing to arrange a timely caesarean section for a patient whose labour showed signs of becoming problematic. The baby was later delivered stillborn by caesarean section.

Susan Bewley, of St Thomas' Hospital, was also accused of failing to adequately examine the mother and child on the morning of 30 December 2004, when she led the morning round in the hospital's birth centre. The GMC alleged that she failed to examine the mother's cervix, failed to use a sonicaid to listen to the baby's heart, failed to obtain a cardiotocograph reading, and failed to arrange delivery.

Hospital notes showed …
Diagnosis of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Fernando Alfonso, Manuel Paulo, Nieves Gonzalo, Jaime Dutary, Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo, Vera Lennie, Javier Escaned, Camino Bañuelos, Rosana Hernandez, Carlos Macaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Practice based commissioning in the UK
Authors: S. Gillam, R. Q Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Reinvigoration will require more than just extra funding

An editorial in the BMJ a year ago asked whether practice based commissioning was “the sick man of the NHS reforms.”1 Practice based commissioning has been a central part of the government’s health policy since April 2005, when interested practices were first entitled to indicative budgets. The paucity of achievements described in a recent assessment by the King’s Fund suggests that the health of this patient is little improved.2 The government has recently clarified its vision for practice based commissioning, but will this be enough to deal with its persistent weaknesses?3

Commissioning is a mechanism for managing financial risk while matching services supplied to patients needs (or demands) in a quasi-market where patients do not pay for services directly. However, nearly two decades of experimentation in the English NHS have provided little evidence that any form of commissioning has greatly affected hospital services. Commissioning led by primary care has delivered some benefits in primary and intermediate care and some improvements in the responsiveness …
Role of nitric oxide in exercise-induced vasodilation of the forearm.
Authors: T Endo, T Imaizumi, T Tagawa, M Shiramoto, S Ando, A Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND We wished to determine the role of NO in exercise-induced metabolic forearm vasodilation. METHODS AND RESULTS Young healthy volunteers (n = 11) underwent static handgrip exercise (4 to 5 kg, 3 minutes). Forearm blood flow (FBF) measured by strain plethysmography increased from 4.1 +/- 0.7 mL.min-1.100 mL-1 at rest to 9.8 +/- 1.2 mL.min-1.100 mL-1 immediately after exercise and gradually decreased thereafter. Exercise was repeated after intrabrachial artery infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) at 4.0 mumol/min for 5 minutes. L-NMMA did not alter blood pressure and heart rate. L-NMMA decreased FBF at rest to 2.9 +/- 0.4 mL.min-1.100 mL-1 (P &lt; .01), peak FBF immediately after exercise to 7.2 +/- 0.7 mL.min-1.100 mL-1 (P &lt; .01), and FBF during the mid to late phase of metabolic vasodilation (P &lt; .01). Calculated oxygen consumption during peak exercise was comparable before and after L-NMMA. Intra-arterially infused L-arginine (10 mg/min, 5 minutes) reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NMMA. To determine the effect of the decrease in resting FBF on exercise-induced hyperemia, we normalized FBF after exercise by resting FBF. The percent increases in FBF after exercise from resting FBF were similar before and after L-NMMA. Furthermore, we examined the effect of intra-arterially infused angiotensin II on FBF at rest and after exercise (n = 7). Angiotensin II decreased FBF at rest from 3.1 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.3 mL.min-1.100 mL-1 (P &lt; .01), peak FBF after exercise from 8.1 +/- 0.5 to 5.6 +/- 0.5 mL.min-1.100 mL-1 (P &lt; .01), and FBF during the mid to late phase of metabolic vasodilation. The effects of L-NMMA and angiotensin II on FBF at rest and exercise were similar. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that L-NMMA decreased FBF after exercise largely by decreasing resting FBF. These results suggest that NO may not play a significant role in exercise-induced metabolic arteriolar vasodilation in the forearm of healthy humans.
Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of China: A Caveat About Inferences Drawn from Ancient DNA
Authors: Y.-G. Yao
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The decipherment of the meager information provided by short fragments of ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is notoriously difficult but is regarded as a most promising way toward reconstructing the past from the genetic perspective. By haplogroup-specific hypervariable segment (HVS) motif search and matching or near-matching with available modern data sets, most of the ancient mtDNAs can be tentatively assigned to haplogroups, which are often subcontinent specific. Further typing for mtDNA haplogroup-diagnostic coding region polymorphisms, however, is indispensable for establishing the geographic/genetic affinities of ancient samples with less ambiguity. In the present study, we sequenced a fragment (∼ 982 bp) of the mtDNA control region in 76 Han individuals from Taian, Shandong, China, and we combined these data with previously reported samples from Zibo and Qingdao, Shandong. The reanalysis of two previously published ancient mtDNA population data sets from Linzi (same province) then indicates that the ancient populations had features in common with the modern populations from south China rather than any specific affinity to the European mtDNA pool. Our results highlight that ancient mtDNA data obtained under different sampling schemes and subject to potential contamination can easily create the impression of drastic spatiotemporal changes in the genetic structure of a regional population during the past few thousand years if inappropriate methods of data analysis are employed.
THE CRAZE FOR APPENDICECTOMY
Authors: A. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1913)

evacuated into the large intestine.I must confess that I bave not persuaded many of my professional brethren to believe in this treatment, but, if they will begin by trying it, at all events in those cases that refuse operation), or in wllich it is very difficult to get an operation performed, I can assure them that they will be surprised and deliglhted with the results.-Iam, etc.,
Socioeconomic Disparities in the Use of Cardioprotective Medications Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Sumeet Subherwal, Manesh R. Patel, Fengming Tang, Kim G. Smolderen, W. Schuyler Jones, Thomas T. Tsai, Henry H. Ting, Deepak L. Bhatt, John A. Spertus, Paul S. Chan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
P506Exercise and cardiomyocyte turnover in the aging zebrafish heart
Authors: B Chaudhry, D Burns, L Murphy, D Henderson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Heart failure in the aging population has been attributed to loss of cardiomyocytes, yet human studies suggest cardiomyocyte proliferation continues into old age. In order to address this paradox we have used the adult zebrafish as a model organism to study cardiomyocyte turnover during aging and to assess the effect of short-term exercise, as a physiologically relevant stimulus, on this process.
Re-establishment of Oral Tolerance to Peanut in Allergic Mice by the Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula FAHF-2 is Associated with Up-regulation of Mesenteric IFN-γ producing CD8+ Cells
Authors: J. Ko, C. Qu, K. Srivastava, T. Zhang, H.A. Sampson, X. Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Sensitivity to methacholine and capsaicin in patients with unclear respiratory symptoms
Authors: E. Ternesten‐Hasséus, A. Farbrot, O. Löwhagen, EVA Millqvist
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in red pepper, is known to stimulate coughing via the sensory nervous system. Earlier studies showed that patients with airway symptoms induced by chemicals and strong scents cough more after inhalation of capsaicin than healthy control subjects and this has been interpreted as a hyperreactivity of airway sensory nerves. Our aim was to study airway sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin and the occurrence of airway symptoms induced by strong scents in patients who underwent a bronchial methacholine test, primarily because of suspected asthma. Methods: Fifty‐two consecutive patients referred for testing with methacholine were also provoked with inhaled capsaicin in increasing concentrations. Cough sensitivity to capsaicin was compared with that in 40 healthy control subjects. Results: The patients coughed significantly more compared with the healthy control subjects with each dose of capsaicin ( P &lt; 0.0001). Twelve patients (23%) had a positive methacholine test, and of these, nine were diagnosed with asthma. There was no difference in capsaicin sensitivity between patients sensitive or insensitive to methacholine. Conclusions: The majority of the patients had no increased sensitivity to methacholine but did demonstrate sensory hyperreactivity (SHR). SHR appears to be a common diagnosis in investigations of patients with obscure airway symptoms.
Portal hypertension and ascites in acute hepatitis: Clinical, hemodynamic and histological correlations
Authors: Dominique Valla, Jean-François Flejou, Didier Lebrec, Jacques Bernuau, Bernard Rueff, Jean-Louis Salzmann, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

We attempted to ascertain the mechanism of portal hypertension and ascites complicating acute hepatitis in 66 patients who underwent transvenous liver biopsy and measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient. Increase in hepatic venous pressure gradient was related to the severity of acute hepatitis, as indicated by the significant correlation between the values for hepatic venous pressure gradient and serum bilirubin, serum albumin or coagulation factor V, and by its higher value in patients with, than in patients without, encephalopathy. Hepatic venous pressure gradient was higher in patients with, than in patients without, ascites (12.5 +/- 3.4 vs. 8.4 +/- 3.6 mmHg, respectively; p less than 0.001). No ascites was clinically detectable in the patients in whom hepatic venous pressure gradient was below 6 mmHg. We tested the hypothesis that sinusoidal collapse due to liver cell dropout was a major factor in portal hypertension. Semiautomatic determination of the fractional area of sinusoidal collapse on chromotrope-stained sections and automatic measurement of Sirius red-stained collagen fiber density were performed. Hepatic venous pressure gradient significantly correlated with fractional sinusoidal collapse area (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001) and with Sirius red-stained collagen fiber density (r = 0.43, p less than 0.01). We conclude that portal hypertension in the course of acute hepatitis is related to the severity of liver damage and is a major factor in the development of ascites. Portal hypertension is mainly determined by intrahepatic vascular space being reduced by the collapse of sinusoids.
Genetic diversity among<i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i>isolates using random amplified polymorphic DNA method
Authors: G Kac, M E Bougnoux, M Feuilhade De Chauvin, S Sene, F Derouin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Genetic diversity among Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates using random amplified polymorphic DNA method Get access G Kac, G Kac Laboratoire de Parasitologie‐Mycologie, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M E Bougnoux, M E Bougnoux Laboratoire de Parasitologie‐Mycologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Université Paris 5, 9 avenue du Général‐de‐Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne‐Billancourt, France, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Feuilhade De Chauvin, M Feuilhade De Chauvin Laboratoire de Parasitologie‐Mycologie, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S Sene, S Sene Institut d'Etude et de Recherche en Parasitologie, 15 rue de l'école de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F Derouin F Derouin Laboratoire de Parasitologie‐Mycologie, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 5, 1 May 1999, Pages 839–844, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02812.x Published: 01 May 1999
A nose is a nose is a nose
Authors: S. Holton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

As soon as I hit the asphalt, I knew what had happened. Another Smith's fracture, my third in 10 years. I was in the public car park next to one of my two offices, running to my next meeting when I was tripped up by a pebble. The car park attendant was extremely kind: he left his post and took me in his own car the couple of miles to the local accident and emergency department. The queue was horrendous, but I eventually reached the front, …
WMA calls for retired academics to teach in developing world
Authors: Stephen Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The World Medical Association (WMA) has called for retired medical academics to consider registering on a new database that has been set up to help universities in developing countries.

Around half of today's higher education students live in developing countries, but these countries often see promising staff and students heading overseas in search of better money and conditions.

For universities in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere, such a “brain drain” means that finding senior academic staff can be difficult. The retired academics database was launched last autumn by the Association of Commonwealth Universities in London to help …
Use of medical record linkage to study readmission rates.
Authors: J. Henderson, M. J. Goldacre, M. J. Graveney, H. M. Simmons
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Readmission rates after inpatient care were studied by using routinely collected data from the Oxford record linkage study for 1968-85. Discharges from hospital and subsequent admissions were identified for people who were both resident and treated in the area covered by the linkage study. Rates were calculated for readmissions within 28 days after discharge from the first, index event. Readmission rates for elective readmissions after elective index admissions rose from 3.5% in 1968 to 7.1% in 1985. Those for elective readmissions after immediate (emergency or accident) index admissions rose from 2.4% to 3.5% during the same period. Emergency readmissions after an immediate index admission rose from 4.0% to 7.0%, and emergency readmissions after an elective index admission rose from 1.3% to 2.5%. All these increases were significant. The rise in elective readmissions may in part reflect a trend towards planned discharge with the expectation of readmission. The rise in emergency readmissions, which has been fairly gradual over many years, may, in some cases, be due to pressure on resources and inappropriately short lengths of stay. Further evidence is required to confirm or refute this. Readmission rates are one of the few potential measures available from routine statistics for assessing outcome, but due consideration must be given to issues of method and interpretation.
A new mechanism regulating the initiation of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Attila Kiss, Martin Montes, Sarat Susarla, Elin A. Jaensson, Scott M. Drouin, Rick A. Wetsel, Zhengbin Yao, Rachel Martin, Nabeel Hamzeh, Rebecca Adelagun, Sheila Amar, Farrah Kheradmand, David B. Corry
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Curcumin and its analogues: Potential anticancer agents
Authors: Dinesh Kumar Agrawal, Pushpesh Kumar Mishra
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

This review chronicles the exploration of the curcumin in terms of development of analogues for the anticancer activity over the last century. Curcumin is a natural phytochemical obtained from dried root and rhizome of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa). It has been shown to interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including apoptosis (activation of caspases and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene products), proliferation (HER-2, EGFR, and AP-1), angiogenesis (VEGF), and inflammation (NF-kappaB, TNF, IL-6, IL-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX). In the last decade it has been much explored and various synthetic analogues have been prepared and evaluated for various pharmacological activities. Most of the analogues have shown very good anticancer activity in various models and various cell lines. However, some analogues have also shown antioxidant, anti-HIV, antimutagenic, antiangiogenic, antimalarial, antitubercular, antiandrogenic, COX inhibitory activities. Few analogues have shown very potent results and may be considered as clinical candidates for the development of future anticancer agent. This review contains 728 curcumin analogues and covers the literature from 1815 to mid 2009 and 93 references are cited.
Abstract LB-229: Whole genome sequencing reveals genetic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Mao Mao, Hancheng Zheng, Zhengyan Kan, Jiangchun Xu, Xiao Liu, Shuyu Li, Thomas Barber, Zhuolin Gong, Huan Gao, Ke Hao, Melinda Willard, Robert Hauptschein, Paul Rejto, Julio Fernandez, Guan Wang, Qinghui Zhang, Bo Wang, Ronghua Chen, Jian Wang, Nikki Lee, Wei Zhou, Zhao Lin, Zhiyu Peng, Kang Yi, Shengpei Chen, Lin Li, Xiaomei Fan, Jie Yang, Rui Ye, Jia Ju, Kai Wang, Heather Estrella, Shibing Deng, Ping Wei, Ming Qiu, Isabella Wulur, Jiangang Liu, Mariam Ehsani, Chunsheng Zhang, Andrey Loboda, Wing Kin Sung, Amit Aggarwal, Ronnie Poon, Sheung Tat Fan, Jun Wang, James Hardwick, Christoph Reinhard, Hongyue Dai, Yingrui Li, John Luk
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide and has no effective treatment, yet the molecular basis of hepatocarcinogenesis remains largely unknown. Here we report findings from a whole genome sequencing (WGS) study of 88 matched HCC tumour/normal pairs, 81 of which are HBV positive, seeking to identify genetically altered genes and pathways implicated in HBV-associated HCC. We find β-catenin to be the most frequently mutated oncogene (15.9%) and TP53 the most frequently mutated tumour suppressor (35.2%). The Wnt/β-catenin pathway, altered in 62.5% of cases, is likely to act as the major oncogenic driver in HCC. TP53 alterations appear to cause increased levels of genomic arrangement and chromosomal instability. We identified chromothripsis in 5 HCC genomes (5.7%) recurrently affecting chromosomal arms 1q and 8q. We also identified recurrent HBV integration events at the known and putative cancer-related genes such as TERT, MLL4 and CCNE1, which showed upregulated gene expression in tumour versus normal tissue. The frequently altered genes and pathways in HCC reflect classical cancer hallmarks. This study identified several prevalent and actionable mutations that provide a path towards therapeutic intervention of the disease. Citation Format: Mao Mao, Hancheng Zheng, Zhengyan Kan, Jiangchun Xu, Xiao Liu, Shuyu Li, Thomas Barber, Zhuolin Gong, Huan Gao, Ke Hao, Melinda Willard, Robert Hauptschein, Paul Rejto, Julio Fernandez, Guan Wang, Qinghui Zhang, Bo Wang, Ronghua Chen, Jian Wang, Nikki Lee, Wei Zhou, Zhao Lin, Zhiyu Peng, Kang Yi, Shengpei Chen, Lin Li, Xiaomei Fan, Jie Yang, Rui Ye, Jia Ju, Kai Wang, Heather Estrella, Shibing Deng, Ping Wei, Ming Qiu, Isabella Wulur, Jiangang Liu, Mariam Ehsani, Chunsheng Zhang, Andrey Loboda, Wing Kin Sung, Amit Aggarwal, Ronnie Poon, Sheung Tat Fan, Jun Wang, James Hardwick, Christoph Reinhard, Hongyue Dai, Yingrui Li, John Luk. Whole genome sequencing reveals genetic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-229. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-229