tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B28: Pro-survival role of p53 in regulating epidermal differentiation
Authors: Martina Kracikova, Gal Akiri, Stuart A. Aaronson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract It is well established that in response to diverse stress signals, the p53 tumor suppressor prevents growth of abnormal cells by inducing senescence or apoptosis. However, recent studies have shown that p53 can contribute to pro-survival pathways such as innate immune response, metabolic regulation and antioxidant defense against reactive-oxygen species (ROS). Here we demonstrate a novel role of p53 in regulating an epidermal differentiation program. Using microarray and real-time PCR, we found that p53 activates the expression of genes within the human and mouse epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), including genes within the cornified envelope precursor family and the fused gene family. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated direct p53 binding and activation of a cornified envelope precursor gene. Activation of p53 by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation or via nutlin-3 led to a dose-dependent increase in expression of those genes, and this increase was inhibited in cells with downregulated p53. The p53-dependent expression of the EDC genes was not limited to keratinocytes, but also detected in other cell types, suggesting additional functions of these genes normally attributed to keratinocyte differentiation and formation of the cornified envelope. These findings identify a novel p53-regulated differentiation pathway and suggest that differentiation may be another pro-survival component of its tumor suppressor function. Citation Format: Martina Kracikova, Gal Akiri, Stuart A. Aaronson. Pro-survival role of p53 in regulating epidermal differentiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B28.
Treatment for heroin and crack cocaine use in England falls, data indicate
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of adults starting treatment for using heroin or crack cocaine in 2010-11 was about 10 000 fewer than in 2008-9, falling from 62 963 to 52 933, the government’s agency for drug treatment in England has announced.

The fall was particularly large among younger people: the number of users aged 18-24 who started treatment for these drugs has more than halved since 2005-6, from 12 320 to 6108, with a fall almost as steep among 25-29 year olds.

The National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse, a special health authority of the NHS, released annual statistics on 6 October 2011. These also show that 27 969 adults left treatment services “free from dependence,” which the agency defines …
Cytokinetics in Diseases of Epidermal Hyperplasia
Authors: G D Weinstein, J L McCullough
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1973)

During recent years significant advances have been made in understanding the kinetics and the biochemistry of cell proliferation. Most of the pioneer work has involved the use of experimental animal tumors; it has only been in the past few years that suitable technics have been developed for human tissues to provide a valuable view of the pathophysiology and therapy of certain benign and malig­ nant skin disorders.
Resuscitation of the Heart in Ventricular Standstill by External Electric Stimulation
Authors: Paul M. Zoll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE purpose of this report is to describe the successful use in 2 patients of a quick, simple, effective and safe method of arousing the heart from ventricular standstill by an artificial, external, electric pacemaker. For the first time it was possible to keep a patient alive during ventricular asystole lasting for hours to days. This procedure may prove valuable in many clinical situations. Cardiac standstill is a serious, usually terminal, event that rarely responds to currently employed therapeutic measures. In patients with complete heart block it may be transient, causing the Stokes-Adams syndrome. Occasionally, cardiac standstill occurs in the . . .
Impact of Insulin Resistance and Nephropathy on Homocysteine in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Masanori Emoto, Hiroyuki Kanda, Tetsuo Shoji, Takahiko Kawagishi, Miyoko Komatsu, Katsuhito Mori, Hideki Tahara, Eiji Ishimura, Masaaki Inaba, Yasuhisa Okuno, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To assess the impacts of insulin resistance and renal function on plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes with a wide range of nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Plasma tHcy levels were measured using the enzyme immunoassay method in 75 patients with type 2 diabetes and compared with those in 54 healthy control subjects. Insulin sensitivity indexes were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp using artificial pancreas. RESULTS—Plasma tHcy levels and their log-transformed values (log tHcy) were significantly higher in all patients with diabetes than in control subjects (tHcy, 12.0 ± 0.7 [SE] vs. 8.7 ± 0.3 μmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.0001; log tHcy, 1.040 ± 0.021 vs. 0.920 ± 0.016 μmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Plasma tHcy levels in patients with diabetes were significantly increased according to degree of nephropathy (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). On simple regression analyses, log tHcy correlated with insulin sensitivity indexes (r = –0.319, P = 0.005) as well as creatinine clearance (r = 0.634, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) in all patients with diabetes. Multiple regression analyses showed that insulin sensitivity indexes (β = –0.245) as well as creatinine clearance were independent contributors to log tHcy in all patients with diabetes (R2 = 0.750, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). For the 59 patients with diabetes with creatinine clearance &amp;gt;60 ml/min, insulin sensitivity indexes were also shown to be a significant contributor to log tHcy (β = –0.438, R2 = 0.561, P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION—Insulin resistance and renal function are independent determinants of tHcy levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Familial Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Howard P. Kennedy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE occurrence of epistaxis in association with developmental anomalies of the blood vessels was first mentioned by Sutton1 in 1864. Babington2 described hereditary epistaxis in 1865. Thirty-one years later Rendu3 reported the same condition in a patient with cutaneous angiomas. The classic monograph of Sir William Osler4 in 1901 on a form of familial recurrent epistaxis associated with multiple telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes did much to establish the syndrome as a clinical entity. Weber5 presented an account of another case of this rare disorder in 1907. Today, the Rendu—Osler—Weber disease, often referred to as Osler's disease, is . . .
Chronic granulomatous disease as a risk factor for autoimmune disease
Authors: Suk See De Ravin, Nora Naumann, Edward W. Cowen, Julia Friend, Dianne Hilligoss, Martha Marquesen, James E. Balow, Karyl S. Barron, Maria L. Turner, John I. Gallin, Harry L. Malech
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Authors' reply to Soljak
Authors: A. M. Pollock, A. Macfarlane, S. Godden
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Soljak seems not to understand how the Health and Social Care Act 2012 will limit the availability of routine data to monitor the health service and the population by abolishing area based structures and transferring most health service responsibilities to non-geographically based clinical commissioning groups.1 Neighbourhood statistics and the index of multiple deprivation (IMD) increasingly draw on a range of more timely population based administrative and survey data,2 but even this fuller range …
Dietary protein restriction in established renal injury in the rat. Selective role of glomerular capillary pressure in progressive glomerular dysfunction.
Authors: K A Nath, S M Kren, T H Hostetter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Dietary protein restriction imposed before renal injury is established in the remnant kidney model in the rat reduces glomerular hypertension and hyperperfusion and renal injury. We demonstrate that dietary protein restriction (6% vs. 20%) imposed on a background of established renal injury in the remnant model leads to a greater preservation of renal function as measured by glomerular filtration rate and fractional clearances of albumin and IgG, despite the persistence of systemic hypertension. In similarly prepared rats, dietary protein restriction (6% vs. 20%) led to a lower glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure, a higher ultrafiltration coefficient, and similar single nephron filtration rates. In addition, less impairment of glomerular permselectivity was demonstrable after protein restriction. Our data demonstrate that the preservation of renal function with dietary protein restriction after established glomerular injury follows upon reduction of glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure, despite constancy of single nephron filtration rate and plasma flow and persistence of arterial hypertension.
Effect of a Quality-Improvement Intervention on End-of-Life Care in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: J. Randall Curtis, Elizabeth L. Nielsen, Patsy D. Treece, Lois Downey, Danae Dotolo, Sarah E. Shannon, Anthony L. Back, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Ruth A. Engelberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Because of high mortality, end-of-life care is an important component of intensive care.We evaluated the effectiveness of a quality-improvement intervention to improve intensive care unit (ICU) end-of-life care.We conducted a cluster-randomized trial randomizing 12 hospitals. The intervention targeted clinicians with five components: clinician education, local champions, academic detailing, clinician feedback of quality data, and system supports. Outcomes were assessed for patients dying in the ICU or within 30 hours of ICU discharge using surveys and medical record review. Families completed Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) and satisfaction surveys. Nurses completed the QODD. Data were collected during baseline and follow-up at each hospital (May 2004 to February 2008). We used robust regression models to test for intervention effects, controlling for site, patient, family, and nurse characteristics.All hospitals completed the trial with 2,318 eligible patients and target sample sizes obtained for family and nurse surveys. The primary outcome, family-QODD, showed no change with the intervention (P = 0.33). There was no change in family satisfaction (P = 0.66) or nurse-QODD (P = 0.81). There was a nonsignificant increase in ICU days before death after the intervention (hazard ratio = 0.9; P = 0.07). Among patients undergoing withdrawal of mechanical ventilation, there was no change in time from admission to withdrawal (hazard ratio = 1.0; P = 0.81).We found this intervention was associated with no improvement in quality of dying and no change in ICU length of stay before death or time from ICU admission to withdrawal of life-sustaining measures. Improving ICU end-of-life care will require interventions with more direct contact with patients and families. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00685893).
Europe approves patenting of biotechnological inventions
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Particulate matter (PM) and cigarette-related cadmium exposure increases inflammation and smokers9 susceptibility to developing lung diseases. The majority of inhaled metals are attached to the surface of ultrafine particles (UFPs). A low inhaled UFP content in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) reflects a high inflammatory status of airways. <h3>Methods</h3> EBC was collected from 58 COPD patients and 40 healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Participants underwent spirometry, diffusion capacity, EBC and blood sampling. Environmental pollution data were collected from monitoring stations. UFPs were measured in EBC and serum, and cadmium content was quantified. <h3>Results</h3> Subjects with low UFP concentrations in EBC (&lt;0.18×10<sup>8</sup>·mL<sup>−1</sup>) had been exposed to higher long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels <i>versus</i> subjects with high UFP concentrations in EBC (&gt;0.18×10<sup>8</sup>·mL<sup>−1</sup>) (21.9 µg·m<sup>−3</sup><i>versus</i> 17.4 µg·m<sup>−3</sup>, p≤0.001). Long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure levels correlated negatively with UFP concentrations in EBC and positively with UFP concentrations in serum (r=−0.54, p≤0.001 and r=0.23, p=0.04, respectively). Healthy smokers had higher cadmium levels in EBC <i>versus</i> healthy nonsmokers and COPD patients (25.2 ppm <i>versus</i> 23.7 ppm and 23.3 ppm, p=0.02 and p=0.002, respectively). Subjects with low UFP concentrations in EBC also had low cadmium levels in EBC <i>versus</i> subjects with high UFP levels (22.8 ppm <i>versus</i> 24.2 ppm, p=0.004) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Low UFP concentration in EBC is an indicator of high-level PM exposure. High cadmium levels in EBC among smokers and the association between cadmium and UFP content in EBC among COPD patients indicate cadmium lung toxicity.
Elderly patients with sustained hypertension.
Authors: I. Aursnes
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Inserting a large calibre cannula into a small vein is more likely to cause irritation of the intima, reduces blood flow around the cannula, and increases the risk of thrombophlebitis.Using small gauge catheters in large diameter veins reduces the incidence of thrombophlebitis.7In a controlled trial Khawaja et al showed that 16 gauge and 18 gauge cannulas survived longer than 14 gauge cannulas.5Formation of thrombus is related to the size of the intravascular device, and therefore thrombus due to a small cannula is less likely to impede blood flow.5Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory gel seems to delay the onset of thrombophlebitis related to the cannula and reduces its incidence by half with no difference in bacterial colonisationbetween control and treatment groups.9
Points from Letters: Priorities in health care
Authors: H E Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Seventy-two patients with eczema were randomly allotted to one of two treatment groups: A, those receiving dermatological treatment only, and B, those receiving the same dermatological treatment plus psychiatric treatment, limited where possible to four months. Cases were followed up at six-monthly dermatological assessments, 57 (79%) for 18 months. The findings suggest that in the presence of overt emotional disturbance, of new psychological or psychophysiological symptoms preceding the rash by up to a year, and of high motivation for it, brief psychiatric treatment improves the outcome in eczema (the proportion clear at 18 months was about doubled), whereas in their absence such treatment may worsen it, especially in the short term.
Reproducibility of local activation times during intraoperative epicardial mapping.
Authors: R R Abendroth, J Ostermeyer, G Breithardt, L Seipel, W Bircks
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The reproducibility of the measurement of local epicardial activation times using in- traoperative epicardial mapping was studied in 10 patients.Two multipolar electrodes were used, one as a reference located on the anterior surface of the right ventricle, the other as a hand-held probe for depicting local activation times.During atrial pacing at 100 beats/min, activation times at various sites of the heart were measured consecutively using a grid system that defined 75 points on the surface of the heart.The surface of the heart was divided into three areas: the anterior wall of the right ventricle, the left lateral wall and the posterior wall of both ventricles.The measurements were repeated twice at the same paced atrial rate.From these data the mean absolute differences between the first and second measurements were calculated for each point.The earliest onset of excitation was depicted on the surface of the anterior wall of the right ventricle.The mean difference between the first and second measurement at identical paced rates was 8 msec on the anterior wall, 6 msec on the left lateral wall, and 7 msec on the posterior wall.At individual points, the differences were much greater (40 msec maximum).These greater differences were mainly found in the area of epicardial fat tissue in the atrioventricular groove or the sulcus interventricularis.Using a visual coordinate system, it is possible to achieve a good reproducibility of local activation times, above all with respect to the large differences that may be found in patients with accessory pathways or with ventricular tachycardia.
The prognostic impact and stability of Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 mutation in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: W-C Chou, W-C Lei, B-S Ko, H-A Hou, C-Y Chen, J-L Tang, M Yao, W Tsay, S-J Wu, S-Y Huang, S-C Hsu, Y-C Chen, Y-C Chang, K-T Kuo, F-Y Lee, M-C Liu, C-W Liu, M-H Tseng, C-F Huang, H-F Tien
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Cavitating Tumorous Lesion of Lung
Authors: James W. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. David A. Kumpe: This 41-year-old woman, a housewife, had a brief illness characterized by pleuritic pain on the right side, malaise, low-grade fever, and a dry, nonproductive cough. Physical and laboratory findings were normal, and chest roentgenograms were made (Figure). <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Jack R. Dreyfuss: Dr. Weber, would you like to comment? Dr. Alfred L. Weber: The main roentgenographic finding is a hazy, ill-defined, cavitated infiltrate in the apical posterior segment of the upper lobe of the right lung (Figure). There is no pleural reaction. The hilum is not enlarged, and I detect no enlarged lymph nodes. I do not see any other lesions. The heart is not remarkable, and the trachea is normal. At this point there are several possibilities, such as tuberculosis, fungus disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, bacterial pneumonia. It does not look like tumor, although this cannot be excluded entirely. Dr. Kumpe: The patient was treated with
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management
Authors: John J. Herbst
Journal: JAMA (1996)

From Winged Victory: Altered Images. Transcending Breast Cancer, by Art Myers and Maria Marrocchino, 56 pp, with illus, paper, $24.95, ISBN 1-889169-00-5, San Diego, Calif, Photographic Gallery of Fine Art Books, 1996. The book contains images of seminude breast cancer survivors of all ages photographed by Art Myers, DO, MPH, accompanied by "original poetry and subject-written vignettes." Reproduced by permission. This is the second edition of what must already be considered the standard textbook of pediatric gastroenterology. It is certainly the largest and most encyclopedic. The new edition of<i>Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease</i>is more than 300 pages longer than the first, also twovolume, edition. The multiauthored work is truly an international effort. The four editors come from the United States, Canada, and England, and over 150 contributors reflect the careful selection of a group of internationally known experts. The subtitle<i>Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management</i>is not mere lip service but represents
A man with upper respiratory tract infections, general weakness and fever
Authors: M.V.D. Berge, W.J. Snoek, E.W. Nijboer, A.J. Julius, R. Aalbers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Mucociliary clearance (MCC), the process in which airway mucus together with substances trapped within are moved out of the lungs, is an important defence mechanism of the human body. Drugs may alter this process, such that it is necessary to know the effect of the drugs on MCC. Indeed, agents stimulating MCC may be used therapeutically in respiratory medicine, especially in patients suspected of having an impairment of their mucociliary transport system. In contrast, caution should be taken with drugs depressing MCC as an undesired side-effect, independently of their therapeutic indication. Since cough clearance (CC) serves as a back-up system when MCC fails, the influence of drugs must be examined not only on MCC but also on CC. Ultimately, the clinical repercussions of alterations in mucus transport induced by drug administration must be studied. Tertiary ammonium compounds (anticholinergics), aspirin, anaesthetic agents and benzodiazepines have been shown to be capable of depressing the mucociliary transport system. Cholinergics, methylxanthines, sodium cromoglycate, hypertonic saline, saline as well as water aerosol have been shown to increase MCC. Adrenergic antagonists, guaifenesin, S-carboxymethylcysteine, sodium 2-mercapto-ethane sulphonate and frusemide have been reported not to alter the mucociliary transport significantly. Amiloride, uridine 59-triphosphate (UTP), quaternary ammonium compounds (anticholinergics), adrenergic agonists, corticosteroids, recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase), N-acetylcysteine, bromhexine and ambroxol have been reported either not to change or to augment MCC. Indirect data suggest that surfactant as well as antibiotics may improve the mucociliary transport system. As for the influence of drugs on CC, amiloride and rhDNase have been demonstrated to increase the effectiveness of cough. A trend towards an improved CC was noted after treatment with adrenergic agonists. The anticholinergic agent ipratropium bromide, which is a quaternary ammonium compound, has been suggested to decrease CC significantly. Bromhexine, ambroxol and neutral saline seemed not to alter CC, either positively or negatively. Finally, treatment with either amiloride, recombinant human deoxyribonuclease, bromhexine, ambroxol, N-acetylcysteine, S-carboxymethylcysteine or hypertonic saline has been suggested as a possible cause of clinical improvement in patients, such as the experience of dyspnoea, the case of expectoration or the frequency of infective exacerbations. Other agents did not show a clinical benefit.
Physicians and Nonphysician Clinicians
Authors: Kevin Grumbach, Janet Coffman
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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"Asset stripping" the declining mental hospital.
Authors: E Fottrell, T Spy, G Mearns, I MacLean, M Fogarty
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A psychogeriatric day hospital was developed from a long-stay back ward of a large mental hospital whose population of patients had decreased by half. Women in the 70-80 age group with varying degrees of dementia benefited most from such facilities. In view of the current cut-back in Government spending one of the greatest assets in providing a comprehensive service for the elderly mentally infirm may well be found in the declining mental hospital.
989 NEW FIBROSCAN PROBE FOR OBESE PATIENTS. A PILOT STUDY OF FEASIBILITY AND PERFORMANCES IN PATIENTS WITH BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
Authors: V. de Ledinghen, C. Fournier, J. Foucher, V. Miette, J. Vergniol, V. Rigalleau, W. Merrouche, L. Sandrin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)