tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cloxacillin in treatment of acute osteomyelitis.
Authors: J. H. Green
Journal: BMJ (1967)

It has been said that when treating acute osteomyelitis, in this the era of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the  given to the patient when first seen is usually chosen by  inspired  guesswork (Mercer, 1964). If an  were available to which all commonly encountered pathogens were sensitive then this guesswork would be eliminated. It would be unnecessary to change an  or give a combination of antibiotics when organism-sensitivity reports became available (Neligan and Elderkin, 1965). Mann (1963) attributes the progression of the disease from the acute to the chronic phase in 7 out of 59 cases reviewed in 1963 to the initial use of the wrong antibiotic (as shown by later sensitivity reports). It is probable that many cases of chronic osteomyelitis, often associated with the appearance of antibiotic-resistant organisms, are due to inadequate  therapy and delay in the onset of treatment.
Activity of the pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor NVP-BKM120 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: A Lonetti, I L Antunes, F Chiarini, E Orsini, F Buontempo, F Ricci, P L Tazzari, P Pagliaro, F Melchionda, A Pession, A Bertaina, F Locatelli, J A McCubrey, J T Barata, A M Martelli
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Healthcare bodies sign charter pledging commitment to patient safety
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors should be used only as the last choice after other types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve chronic pain in people with heart disease or at high risk of it, the American Heart Association has recommended.Its statement, published online in Circulation on 26 February (http://circ.ahajournals.orgdoi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.181424), was designed to end any remaining confusion about the cardiovascular risk of these agents.The association has recommended a stepped approach to treatment.The first step should be non-pharmacological approaches, such as physical therapy and weight loss, for patients with known cardiovascular disease or with risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.Drug treatment should start with agents with the lowest reported risk of cardiovascular events, before other agents are prescribed, and at each step account should be taken of the risk-benefit balance.First line drug choices include paracetamol (acetaminophen), aspirin, tramadol, and short term use of other narcotic analgesics.If these fail to achieve adequate pain control, the next option is non-acetylated salicylates, such as naproxen.The association recommended NSAIDs that aren't COX 2 inhibitors if pain is still inadequately controlled, then NSAIDs with some COX 2 activity as the next step, and lastly COX 2 selective NSAIDs.The committee considered the risk of all three of these classes to be sufficiently high to require that patients taking them should be monitored regularly for sustained hypertension (or worsening of prior blood pressure control), oedema, worsening renal function, or gastrointestinal bleeding.See pp 436, 450. Save COX 2 inhibitors till last for cardiac patientsUK NEWS HFEA allows women to donate eggs for research, p445 World NEWS repeal law that puts "FdA on the payroll of the industry", p447 bmj.comUK government defeated on community treatment forms
BLOOD CHEMISTRY VALUES
Authors: Julian Love
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am submitting a table of blood chemistry values which I have found practical and easy to remember: If the figures are read from the bottom up they are: 1, 2, 3, 4; 10, 20, 30, 40. One needs only to bear in mind that the upper figures are high normals and even the slightest increase above the upper figure indicates pathologic change. This was first suggested to me by some one in my graduating class (University of Colorado, 1927). This may be of value to those who cannot recall blood chemistry normals at random.
From the authors
Authors: M. S. Jaakkola, P. Sripaiboonkij
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> Depression has been widely studied in primary care settings, yet studies of medically uninsured populations are lacking. We sought to determine whether depression screening and treatment improved depression scores of a medically uninsured, mostly African American primary care population. <h3>Methods:</h3> The study was a prospective repeated-measures design that recruited uninsured patients. Patients were screened for depression, and the rate of depression diagnosis was compared with baseline. Patients who were diagnosed and accepted treatment were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms: (1) usual care; (2) usual care and psychotherapy; (3) usual care and education and psychotherapy; and (4) usual care and education. Patients were then reevaluated at 8, 12, and 24 weeks. <h3>Results:</h3> A total of 674 patients participated. Depression prevalence was significantly higher among those screened (38%) than at baseline (16%). All treatment groups showed a significant reduction in depression scores over a 6-month period, from a mean score of 15 at baseline to 8.3 at 24 weeks (<i>P</i> &lt; .005). All treatment interventions were equally effective. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Screening improves the rate of diagnosis of depression in an uninsured, primarily African American population, and subsequent treatment significantly reduces the burden of depression.
An Appraisal of the Smoking-Lung-Cancer Issue
Authors: Ernest L. Wynder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

A DEBATE with Dr. Little on the relation of lung cancer to smoking is a welcome opportunity to clarify the issue and some of the different points of view that undoubtedly still exist. This discussion permits us to review the evidence and to judge the extent to which the case has been established or remains still unproved. It is the task of the independent researcher, as well as that of the tobacco industry, to determine the facts as they are and then to let the facts speak for themselves. There are fields of human endeavor in which facts can be . . .
THE EFFECTS OF HIGH EXPLOSIVES ON THE EAR
Authors: J. GORDON WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The large number of men incapacitated for military service on account of deafness due to the concussion from high explosive shells is engaging the attention of military authorities in all the armies in this war. The number of men who will return to civil life with seriously impaired hearing demands the attention of otologists. I have chosen this subject for consideration, not only because it is urgent, but also because I have had considerable opportunity to observe such results in warfare and in addition have studied in a very modified degree corresponding effects in the laboratory. It shall be my endeavor to describe my observations and the results of my investigations rather than to attempt to offer any explanation or form any hypothesis. The otologic cases resulting from the bursting of a shell are divided into two groups: 1. Those in which a piece of the shell has struck the
Report Card Gives US Emergency Care System a D+
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of adenosine in mediating myocardial blood flow response to isoproterenol: observations in closed chest, sedated, domestic swine
Authors: H. GEWIRTZ, R. A OLSSON, A. S MOST
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

To test the hypothesis that adenosine is required to mediate the sustained increase in myocardial flow evoked by isoproterenol haemodynamic indices, myocardial blood flow (microspheres), and regional myocardial oxygen consumption were measured in eight closed chest, sedated pigs (a) at control, (b) after isoproterenol (6.9(2.8) ng·kg−1·min−l (mean (SD)) infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery, (c) repeat control, and (d) after a simultaneous infusion of the same dose of isoproterenol and adenosine deaminase (10 U·kg−1·min−1). Data were acquired at one and 10 minutes after each infusion and compared with control measurements. Heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing. Peak left ventricular dP/dt (mm Hg·s−1) increased significantly (control 2190(32) mean (SD)) at both one (2900(302)) and 10 minutes (3010(391)) of isoproterenol infusion alone. At one minute of simultaneous infusion there was no change (control 1970(447)) in left ventricular dP/dt (2290(521)), although dP/dt was significantly increased at 10 minutes of simultaneous infusion (2790(483)). Transmural flow (ml·min−1·g−1) increased significantly (control 1.49(0.46)) in the distal left anterior descending zone at one (1.94(0.48)) and 10 minutes (2.07(0.27)) of isoproterenol infusion alone. In contrast, flow failed to increase (control 1.65(0.27)) during the first minute of simultaneous infusion (1.73(0.38)), although it did increase significantly by 10 minutes (1.91(0.21). Finally, although myocardial oxygen consumption (ml·min−1·100 g−1) increased significantly (control 16.4(4.7)) at both one (20.1(4.7)) and 10 minutes (19.4(3.6)) of isoproterenol infusion alone, it failed to increase (control 18.2(3.8)) at one (19.3(4.6)) and 10 minutes (19.1(3.8)) of simultaneous infusion. The data indicate that destruction of interstitial adenosine by adenosine deaminase initially impairs the ability of the myocardium to adjust to an abrupt increase in myocardial oxygen demand induced by isoproterenol. Within 10 minutes, however, the absence of adenosine is compensated for by some other mediator(s) and so flow increases despite the destruction of the nucleoside. Accordingly, adenosine appears to play a role in mediating the immediate but not the sustained flow response to isoproterenol.
RUPTURE OF AORTIC ANEURYSM INTO ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Samuel Baer
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read with interest the article by Drs. Calenda and Uricchio on "Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Due to Rupture of Aortic Aneurysm into the Esophagus" (<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>153</b>:548-549 [Oct. 10] 1953). These authors correctly emphasize the advisability of considering rupture of an aortic aneurysm in the differential diagnosis of hematemesis and melena. I doubt, however, that rupture of an aortic aneurysm into the esophagus is as rare as they have stated. Certainly more than five cases have been described in the world literature in the past 27 years. Baer and Loewenberg have reported cases of aortic aneurysm rupturing into the esophagus or duodenum (Loewenberg, S. A., and Baer, S.:<i>Am. Heart J.</i><b>32</b>:653 [Nov.] 1946; Baer, S., and Loewenberg, S. A.:<i>Gastroenterology</i><b>10</b>:617 [April] 1948). In addition, Dr. Harold L. Goldburgh and I discussed the gastrointestinal complications of dissecting aneurysm at some length
Assisted dying: "all good doctors do it anyway"
Authors: C. Brewer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The founders of the Voluntary Euthanasia Society in 1935—the world’s first—included some eminent doctors, but not Lord Dawson, the royal physician, who thought legalisation unnecessary because, “all good doctors do it anyway.” The following year, he euthanised George V in Queen Mary’s presence. In 1939, Sigmund Freud requested and received physician assisted suicide. At my first committee meeting of the society in 1979, I suggested that because legalisation might not happen for many years (and how right I was) we should consider telling our members what many doctors both know and value: how to die peacefully if, despite good palliative care, the distress and indignity of …
Evolution of Pregnancies and Initial Follow-up of Newborns Delivered After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Gianpiero D. Palermo
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To analyze the in vivo development of embryos conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), as well as obstetric outcome, occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities, and rate of congenital malformations in neonates born as a result of this treatment. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —University-based in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinic. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 751 couples in whom the male partners were presumed to be the cause of repeated failed IVF attempts or whose semen parameters were unacceptable for conventional IVF treatment. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Analysis of pregnancies resulting from 987 ICSI cycles; pregnancy outcome data were obtained from the records of obstetrician-gynecologists and/or pediatricians. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Pregnancy rates, obstetric outcome, and frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and congenital malformations. <h3>Results.</h3> —The overall clinical pregnancy (fetal heartbeat) rate was 44.3%, with a resultant delivery rate per ICSI cycle of 38.7% (n=382). In 8 of 11 miscarriages for which cytogenetic data were available, an autosomal trisomy was found, and 7 additional pregnancies were terminated because of a chromosomal abnormality after prenatal diagnosis. There was an equal distribution of vaginal vs cesarean deliveries (n=192 and n=190, respectively). Of the 578 neonates resulting from treatment by ICSI, 15 (2.6%) presented with congenital abnormalities (9 major and 6 minor abnormalities). However, this frequency of malformations is lower than that observed in offspring born after standard IVF at our institution. Furthermore, when pregnancy outcome of ICSI vs IVF was analyzed in terms of semen origin, no differences were found in the frequency of miscarriages or in the rate of congenital malformations. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The evolution of pregnancies and occurrence of congenital malformations following treatment by ICSI were within the range observed with standard in vitro fertilization.
Biomarker Discovery and Evaluation of Response to Anti-Cancer Therapeutics in Breast Cancer Using a Novel Nanofluidic Immunoassay Platform.
Authors: D. Iacovides, A. Johnson, A. Boge, U. Nguyen, S. Shah, E. Gentalen, J. Gray
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Our research efforts focus on the identification and detection of fundamental molecular differences between normal and tumor cells in breast, as well as differences among distinct breast cancer subtypes, especially in terms of signal transduction pathways that control cell cycle, apoptosis and cell growth. Cancer subtype specific molecular variations dramatically affect patient responses to already existing treatments. For example, the phosphorylation status of many proteins that are involved in signal transduction pathways perturbed in cancer cells is extremely important in determining whether these cells are susceptible to killing by available cancer therapeutics. Therefore, differentially phosphorylated protein isoforms can be a particularly useful prognostic biomarker of drug response in the clinic. However, accurate detection and quantitative analysis of cancer-related phosphoproteins in tumors is limited by current technologies.Using a novel, fully automated nanocapillary electrophoresis technology (FireFlyTM) designed to separate protein molecules based on their isoelectric point (pI), we are currently developing highly sensitive assays for reliable assessment of the phosphorylation status of cancer-related phosphoproteins in tumors, before and during drug treatment. We have already developed and optimized assays measuring AKT1, AKT2, AKT3, ERK1 and ERK2, and their respective phosphoisoforms. Using these assays, we were able to measure levels of activated ERK1/2 and AKT1/2/3 in a breast cancer cell line panel developed in our lab, using protein extracted from as few as 125 cells. Based on RNA expression data, cell lines in this panel have previously been categorized in two distinct subtypes (Basal and Luminal) and their molecular phenotypes closely resemble the respective profiles of tumors obtained from breast cancer patients (CITATION). This cell line panel is extensively used to measure cellular responses to breast cancer therapeutics, including drugs that target MEK, ERK, PI3K and AKT. Using FireFly assays, we are currently measuring changes in the phosphorylation states of these targets during drug treatment, in order to completely characterize pharmacodynamic changes in these cells during treatment, and develop molecular profiles that predict response in breast cancer tumors. Since this technology enables accurate detection and quantification of protein isoforms and post-translational modifications from only very small amounts of tumor samples or serum, it promises to propel cancer biomarker discovery and enable the development of clinically useful prognostic and diagnostic assays that predict responses to drugs targeting cancer-specific molecular networks. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3172.
Child-Resistant Containers for the Elderly?
Authors: Fredrick T. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

WITH the introduction of child-resistant medication containers, the geriatric patient has suffered another setback in an already poor record of medication compliance. Most physicians, while applauding the remarkable decrease in child poisonings resulting from safety closure devices, are not aware of the burden that child-resistant medication containers has imposed on the elderly. Nor are they aware of methods to correct the problem. Elderly patients, however, are keenly aware of the problems of child-resistant medication containers but are ignorant about methods to overcome the difficulty in opening and closing them. Since medication is the basis of therapeutic and symptomatic intervention in many acute and chronic diseases of the elderly, physicians must take into consideration (1) the compliance barrier imposed by child-resistant medication containers to the geriatric patient, (2) the lack of awareness on the part of the patient about ways to obtain non-child-resistant containers, and (3) the prescribing methods to ensure
Tuberculosis guidance aims to improve case detection and reduce drug resistance
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

New entrants to the country, prisoners, and homeless people should be assessed for risk of tuberculosis, new guidelines for the NHS recommend.

The guidelines, which were developed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, the body that advises the NHS in England and Wales on treatments, and the National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions, also say that all patients with the disease should be assessed to improve detection of cases and reduce multidrug resistance.

The guidelines say that information from ports of arrival should be used to identify new entrants. People newly registering with primary care and entering education (including universities) should also be targeted and links should be …
Growth of Lung Parenchyma in Infants and Toddlers with Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy
Authors: Juan E. Balinotti, Valentina C. Chakr, Christina Tiller, Risa Kimmel, Cathy Coates, Jeffrey Kisling, Zhangsheng Yu, James Nguyen, Robert S. Tepper
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

The clinical pathology describing infants with chronic lung disease of infancy (CLDI) has been limited and obtained primarily from infants with severe lung disease, who either died or required lung biopsy. As lung tissue from clinically stable outpatients is not available, physiological measurements offer the potential to increase our understanding of the pulmonary pathophysiology of this disease.
Genomic and Functional Assays Demonstrate Reduced Gammaretroviral Vector Genotoxicity Associated With Use of the cHS4 Chromatin Insulator
Authors: Chang Long Li, Ding Xiong, George Stamatoyannopoulos, David W Emery
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Interest in the use of recombinant retroviral vectors for clinical gene therapy has been tempered by evidence of vector-mediated genotoxicity involving the activation of cellular oncogenes flanking sites of vector integration. We report here that the rate of gammaretroviral vector genotoxicity can be significantly reduced by addition of the cHS4 chromatin insulator, based on two complementary approaches for assessing vector-mediated genotoxicity. One approach involves the direct, genomewide assessment of cellular gene dysregulation using panels of transduced cell clones and genomic microarrays, whereas the other involves the functional assessment of malignant transformation using a factor-dependent cell line. Both assays are robust and quantitative, and indicate the cHS4 chromatin insulator can reduce vector-mediated genotoxicity approximately sixfold (ranged three to eight fold). These approaches also provide a means for assessing various aspects of vector-mediated genotoxicity, including the overall rate of cellular gene dysregulation, the potential influence of vector provirus over large genomic distances, and the involvement of oncogenic pathways in vector-mediated malignant transformation. Interest in the use of recombinant retroviral vectors for clinical gene therapy has been tempered by evidence of vector-mediated genotoxicity involving the activation of cellular oncogenes flanking sites of vector integration. We report here that the rate of gammaretroviral vector genotoxicity can be significantly reduced by addition of the cHS4 chromatin insulator, based on two complementary approaches for assessing vector-mediated genotoxicity. One approach involves the direct, genomewide assessment of cellular gene dysregulation using panels of transduced cell clones and genomic microarrays, whereas the other involves the functional assessment of malignant transformation using a factor-dependent cell line. Both assays are robust and quantitative, and indicate the cHS4 chromatin insulator can reduce vector-mediated genotoxicity approximately sixfold (ranged three to eight fold). These approaches also provide a means for assessing various aspects of vector-mediated genotoxicity, including the overall rate of cellular gene dysregulation, the potential influence of vector provirus over large genomic distances, and the involvement of oncogenic pathways in vector-mediated malignant transformation.