tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of localized myxoedema.
Authors: R. Greene
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BMJORL 16of the facilities provided, all general practi- tioners, paediatricians, and district medical officers in the county were circularized.They were informed of the existing provisions for the mentally handicapped in the county, and were advised that if they wished to refer such patients, and their parents, to the county medical officer, arrangements would be made for them to be seen at their county health clinic by the medical officer for mental health.In addition, discussions have been held with groups of health visitors to help them recognize mental subnormality.Since this service commenced there have been 29 referrals, 18 from general practi- tioners, eight from district medical officers, and three from paediatricians.Seventeen (iore than half the total) were children aged 5 years or less, of whom six were 2 years or less.
Sequence of myosin-crossreactive epitopes of streptococcal M protein.
Authors: J B Dale, E H Beachey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Group A streptococcal M proteins contain epitopes that crossreact with sarcolemmal membrane proteins of human myocardium and myosin. In the present study, synthetic peptide copies spanning the entire 197-residue pepsin extracted fragment of type 5 M protein were used to localize the myosin-crossreactive epitopes of the molecule. Peptide 84-116 inhibited by 75% the binding of myosin-crossreactive antibodies evoked by pep M5, as determined by ELISA. Immunoblot inhibition studies confirmed that peptide 84-116 almost totally inhibited the binding of pep M5 antibodies to the heavy chain of human cardiac myosin. None of the remaining synthetic peptides, including peptide 1-35, which contains protective epitopes, inhibited antibodies binding to myosin. Two of three rabbits immunized with peptide 84-116 developed low but significant levels of antibodies crossreactive with myosin. Identification of the primary structures containing tissue-crossreactive as opposed to protective epitopes should not only allow the development of safe and effective M protein vaccines, but may also provide insights into the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease.
AIDS and Hemophilia
Authors: Margaret W. Hilgartner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the hemophilic population has been devastating. The first example of transfusion-induced AIDS was diagnosed in a patient with hemophilia who died of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 1982. So far, studies of the pattern of disease in patients with hemophilia show that infectivity is high in patients with severe hemophilia who receive frequent transfusions (the prevalence of antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] in such patients ranges from 75 to 90 percent among adults and is somewhat lower in children [58 percent]); fewer go on to have AIDS-related complex and AIDS (20 percent and . . .
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Genotype and Strength in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Nicholas S. Hopkinson, Annabel H. Nickol, John Payne, Emma Hawe, William D.-C. Man, John Moxham, Hugh Montgomery, Michael I. Polkey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Quadriceps muscle weakness is an important contributor to exercise limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The deletion allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism has previously been associated with a greater response to strength training in healthy subjects and might, therefore, protect against detraining in these patients. In 103 stable outpatients (mean [SD] FEV(1) 34.4 [16.5] % predicted), the angiotensin deletion allele was associated with greater isometric quadriceps strength; mean (SD) 31.4 (10.8) kg for insertion homozygotes, 34.1 (13.0) kg for heterozygotes, and 38.3 (11.6) kg for deletion homozygotes (p = 0.04 linear trend). Adjusted for fat-free mass, the relationship was stronger (linear trend p = 0.007). There was no correlation between strength and genotype in a group of 101 age-matched healthy control subjects. Twitch quadriceps force in response to magnetic femoral nerve stimulation, measured in 39 patients, was also genotype dependent; 8.3 (2.6) kg for insertion homozygotes, 10.1 (3.6) kg for heterozygotes, and 12.4 (3.5) kg for deletion homozygotes (p = 0.002 linear trend). Body mass index and fat-free mass did not differ significantly between genotypes in either group. There was no association in either patients or control subjects between genotype and inspiratory muscle strength. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease the deletion allele is associated with greater quadriceps strength independent of confounding factors.
Diagnostic Value of Nasopharyngeal Endoscopy for the Early Recognition of Tumours
Authors: I. Kuske, A. Karduck, W. Bartholomé
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

It is reported on own experiences gathered with the endoscopy of the nasopharyngeal space by means of an angular optic according to Hopkins (70 degrees). The nasopharyngeal endoscopy is indicated for an early diagnosis of malignant tumour growth and clears up a clinically uncertain nasopharyngeal picture. In addition to the generally known examination methods, the endoscopy of the nasopharynx enables a direct local finding.
Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early biomarker for acute kidney injury in an adult ICU population
Authors: Dinna N. Cruz, Massimo de Cal, Francesco Garzotto, Mark A. Perazella, Paolo Lentini, Valentina Corradi, Pasquale Piccinni, Claudio Ronco
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a useful marker for acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly when the timing of renal insult is known. However, its performance in an adult critical care setting has not been well described. We performed this study to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma NGAL for early detection of AKI and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in an adult intensive care unit (ICU). We enrolled 307 consecutive adult patients admitted to a general medical-surgical ICU; 301 were included in the final analysis. Serial blood samples were analyzed for plasma NGAL using a standardized clinical platform. The primary outcome was AKI, defined as an increase in creatinine of at least 50% from baseline or a reduction in urine output to <0.5 ml/kg/h for >6 h. Of 301 patients, 133 (44%) had AKI during their ICU stay. Plasma NGAL was a good diagnostic marker for AKI development within the next 48 h (area under ROC 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.90), and for RRT use (area under ROC 0.82, 95% CI 0.70–0.95). Peak plasma NGAL concentrations increased with worsening AKI severity (R = 0.554, P < 0.001). Plasma NGAL is a useful early marker for AKI in a heterogeneous adult ICU population, in which the timing of renal insult is largely unknown. It allows the diagnosis of AKI up to 48 h prior to a clinical diagnosis based on AKI consensus definitions. Additionally, it predicts need for RRT and correlates with AKI severity. Early identification of high risk patients may allow potentially beneficial therapies to be initiated early in the disease process before irreversible injury occurs.
The Soul of Medicine: Tales from the Bedside
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In addition to insulin resistance and obesity, hyperuricemia is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome using different definitions in Chinese populations: a population-based study (Taichung Community Health Study)
Authors: W-Y Lin, C-S Liu, T-C Li, T Lin, W Chen, C-C Chen, C-I Li, C-C Lin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been shown to increase the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increase the risk of total and CVD mortality.1 2 Insulin resistance (IR) and central obesity have been recognised as the common underlying mechanism.3 4 The association between hyperuricemia and MetS has been studied, but most of these studies focused on Caucasians.5 In this study, we examined this relationship using five different definitions (proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII), the modified NCEP-ATPIII, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI)) in Taiwan.6

A total of …
Impaired granulocytopoiesis in patients with chronic idiopathic neutropenia is associated with increased apoptosis of bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells
Authors: Helen A. Papadaki, Aristides G. Eliopoulos, Theodoros Kosteas, Claudia Gemetzi, Athina Damianaki, Helen Koutala, Juergen Bux, George D. Eliopoulos
Journal: Blood (2003)
Hepatorenal syndrome without avid sodium retention
Authors: Francis J. Dudley, Gary C. Kanel, Laurence J. Wood, Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

A urinary sodium concentration [U(Na)] of less than 10 mmoles per liter is considered important in differentiating hepatorenal syndrome from other causes of progressive renal impairment in patients with liver disease. However, occasionally, patients with hepatorenal syndrome have been recognized in whom the U(Na) is consistently greater than 10 mmoles per liter. Eight such patients, in all of whom there was no clinical or laboratory evidence to implicate other causes of progressive renal impairment, were identified. The clinical features, hepatic and renal status and hospital course were compared with eight other patients who had hepatorenal syndrome and a U(Na) consistently less than 10 mmoles per liter. The mean U(Na) was 24 +/- 4 mmoles per liter in the high U(Na) group and 3.7 +/- 1.8 mmoles per liter in the low U(Na) group. All patients in both groups had acutely decompensated alcoholic hepatitis of similar severity and activity. The high U(Na) group had significantly less clinical ascites and peripheral edema and higher serum levels of sodium and chloride both at the onset of the hepatorenal syndrome and throughout the clinical course. Significant differences in the serum potassium and blood urea nitrogen levels became apparent between the two groups of patients as renal failure progressed, and the mean average blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine ratio was significantly higher (p less than 0.025) in the low U(Na) group (13.8 +/- 0.9 vs. 10.1 +/- 1.1). Mean urinary potassium concentration was significantly higher in the high U(Na) patients but urinary creatinine concentrations, specific gravity and sediment were similar in both groups of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Weighing the Benefits and Burdens of Mammography Screening Among Women Age 80 Years or Older
Authors: Mara A. Schonberg, Rebecca A. Silliman, Edward R. Marcantonio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To examine outcomes of mammography screening among women > or = 80 years to inform decision making.We conducted a cohort study of 2,011 women without a history of breast cancer who were age > or = 80 years between 1994 and 2004 and who received care at one academic primary care clinic or two community health centers in Boston, MA. Medical record data were abstracted on all screening and diagnostic mammograms, breast ultrasounds and biopsies performed, all breast cancers diagnosed through December 31, 2006, and on sociodemographics. Date and cause of death were confirmed using the National Death Index.The majority of patients (78.6%) were non-Hispanic white and 51.4% (n = 1,034) had been screened with mammography since age 80 years. Among women who were screened, eight were diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ, 16 with early stage disease (1.5%), two with late stage disease, and one died as a result of breast cancer. Many (110; 11%) experienced a false-positive screening mammogram that led to 19 benign breast biopsies, eight refused work-up, and three experienced a false-negative screening mammogram; 97 were screened within 2 years of their death from other causes. There were no significant differences in the rate, stage, recurrence rate, or deaths due to breast cancer between women who were screened and those who were not screened.The majority of women > or = 80 years are screened with mammography yet few benefit. Meanwhile, 12.5% experience a burden from screening. The data from this study can be used to inform elderly women's decision making and potentially lead to more rational use of screening.
TUBERCULIN IN THE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: H. S. Burnell-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1935)

TUBERCULOSIS rMECBARIJTISRNAL into the subclavian vein.Here a probe was passed with some difficulty a nodule was felt at the junction, and on microscopical examination a collection of tumour cells surrounded and constricted the duct, and was projecting into the subclavian vein (Fig. 2 on Plate).A diagram- matic representation of the specimen is given below.B / C~~~~~~Ã , Thoracic duct.B, Growth.C, Subclavian vein.Diagram of post-mortem specimen (see Fig. 2 on Plate).
Myocardial ischaemia in patients with frequent angina pectoris.
Authors: V Balasubramanian, E B Raftery, F D Stott
Journal: BMJ (1979)

depot hyperplastic obesity in studies in which visceral fat mass and adipocytes are not available for measurement.With the above background it does not seem too inappropriate to delete the word subcutaneous and instead use the more convenient term of hyperplastic obesity.We agree with the authors that hyperplastic obesity is a rare condition constituting perhaps only a small proportion of adult, middle-aged populations.It is nevertheless a significant problem in obesity clinics, where these patients tend to "sediment" because they are, according to our experience, very difficult to treat by conventional therapy.PER
R-LESS Partial Nephrectomy Trifecta Outcome Is Inferior to Multiport Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Christos Komninos, Tae Young Shin, Patrick Tuliao, Young Eun Yoon, Kyo Chul Koo, Chien-Hsiang Chang, Sang Woon Kim, Ji Yong Ha, Woong Kyu Han, Koon Ho Rha
Journal: European Urology (2013)
The Scientific Community's Response to Evidence of Fraudulent Publication
Authors: William P. Whitely
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine whether scientists can detect fraudulent results in published research articles and to identify corrective measures that are most effective in purging fraudulent results from the literature.Retrospective case-control study comparing articles by an author known to have published fraudulent articles, Robert A. Slutsky, MD, to a set of control articles. The number of non-self-citations received by each article during each calendar year (1979 through 1990) was counted. The citation numbers were transformed into scores. Each Slutsky article was assigned a score between 1 and 3 based on the number of citations received by the Slutsky article and each of its assigned control articles. Average citation numbers and scores were tracked for each year during the 11-year study period.Before Slutsky's work was publicly questioned (1975 to 1985), scientists cited his articles as frequently as they cited control articles. After Slutsky's work was questioned and reports were published in the news media (1985), scientists cited his article less frequently than they cited control articles. Citations decreased further after the University of California-San Diego published a review of the validity of Slutsky's work in 1987. Citations did not decrease after the appearance of retractions in print or in MEDLINE.Scientists do not, and probably cannot, identify published articles that are fraudulent. However, when alerted to the presence of fraudulent results in the literature, the scientific community responds by reducing the number of citations of the tainted articles. In the Slutsky case, general news articles and the three reviews published by the University of California-San Diego were most effective and retractions were least effective in purging fraudulent results from the literature.
Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis: Effect of Clinical Presentation and Therapies on Outcome at a V.A. Hospital.
Authors: Donald M. Switz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis: Effect of Clinical Presentation and Therapies on Outcome at a V.A. Hospital.Donald M. Switz, M.D.Donald M. Switz, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-816_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPrevious evaluations of acute pancreatitis have not compared the effects of clinical presentation or therapeutic efforts on outcome. Patients sequentially admitted to all services at the McGuire VA Hospital during 1971 with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were reviewed to evaluate the effect of presentation or therapy on outcome.Seventy-seven men were admitted 102 times; 4 died, 2 of pancreatitis. Three used no alcohol; 48 had a past history of pancreatitis; and none had previously known gallstones. Surgery was required nine times, for three gallstones, two cysts, one abscess, and three other causes. Various exclusive clinical sub-groups were examined to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Donald M. Switz, M.D.Affiliations: Richmond, Virginia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDeath due to acute pancreatitisThe Value of Intensive Nutritional Support in PancreatitisInadequate Parathyroid Response in Acute PancreatitisThe Use of Ampicillin in Acute PancreatitisROBERT M. CRAIG, M.D., ERL DORDAL, M.D., F.A.C.P., LEWIS MYLES, M.S., R.PH. 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5 Page: 816-817 Keywords Abscesses Acute pancreatitis Alcoholics Alcohols Pancreatitis Surgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Threshold dose for egg allergy during egg desensitization procedure
Authors: L. Christie, K.A. Althage, A.W. Burks, A.M. Scurlock, T.T. Perry, A.D. Buchanan, R.M. Helm, L.A. Pons, S. Andrzejewski, P. Steele, S.M. Jones
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Systemic Contraceptives and Liver Tumors
Authors: John Q. Stauffer, Rolla B. Hill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Since 1973 more than 100 cases of benign liver tumors occuring in association with oral contraceptive (OC) use have been reported. These tumors have varied in histologic appearance. Recent reports have identified 5 women with hepatocellular carcinoma nad 1 with hepatoblastoma occurring in association with use of systemic contraceptives. Before 1960 these tumors were rare. There are probably a larger number of unrecognized cases as many patients with these tumors have been asymptomatic. A significant difference in duration of OC use by patients and controls has been noted (p more than .01). The mean duration of OC use of 6 years before clinical appearance of liver cell adrenomas has been determined. The number of women entering the high-risk group for formation of liver cell adenomas may increase in the future. Unresectable tumors have been observed to decrease in size when OCs habe been discontinued and such tumors have recurred in patients in whom OC use was continued after resection. Other factors may also be important. The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) has instituted an epidemiologic survey that will review cases of hepatocellular tumors occurring in young women. Physicians may refer documented cases to Dr. Kamal G. Ishak at AFIP in Washington, D.C. A national registry for these tumors is recommended to establish the magnitude of the problem. Basic research into the effects of OCs on liver structure is needed. Funding agencies are urged to cooperate.
Points: Drugs and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: J. Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Hyperlipidaemia advances and retreatsDr A LEWIS (London WlN 1FJ) writes: How long will it be before the hazards of eating dairy foods (23 August, p 564) are remembered with amusement like those of eating meat.This dangerous stuff (especially red meat) "caused" kidney disease, hypertension, rheumatism, and gout because it was a source of uric acid and urea, with which these conditions were thought to be associated. Drugs and rheumatoid arthritisDr JACK BOURNE (Hornchurch, Essex) writes: In his letter on the effect of corticosteroids on the manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis,
New Opportunistic Infections — More Opportunities
Authors: Barry I. Eisenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Many of the infectious diseases that occur in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are caused by common pathogenic microbes, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, salmonella, Cryptococcus neoformans, and herpes simplex virus; the infections are just more severe, frequent, or difficult to treat than in uncompromised hosts. But a large number of infections in these patients are opportunistic, meaning that the etiologic microbes are either part of the normal adult flora or part of the nonpathogenic transient flora. Loss of the appropriate host defenses allows these typically avirulent organisms to produce the diseases, once rare, that are now . . .
Clinical Use of Renin Determinations
Authors: Rodger Dierker
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent COMMENTARY by Vertes, "Clinical Use of Renin Determinations" (230:1279, 1974), was quite informative. However, one statement on page 1280 implied that minoxidil is a drug that produces renin inhibition. There is now ample evidence to demonstrate that minoxidil will produce definite increases in plasma renin activity.<sup>1,2</sup>Velasco found that minoxidil administration increased plasma renin activity from about 1.21±0.28 to 8.58±2.83 ng/ ml/hr. When propranolol was given concomitantly with minoxidil, plasma renin activity still increased in comparison with control values, but the activity on combined treatment, 3.63±1.05 ng/ml/hr, was much lower than that seen with minoxidil alone. Thus, it appears that minoxidil produces an increase in plasma renin activity similar to that seen with other vasodilator antihypertensive agents including hydralazine (Apresoline),<sup>3,4</sup>diazoxide (Hyperstat),<sup>5,6</sup>sodium nitroprusside (Nipride),<sup>7</sup>and thiazide diuretics.<sup>8</sup>Spironolactone (Aldactone) also appears to produce an increase in plasma renin activity.