tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular blocking drugs
Authors: J S M Zorab
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

The paper by Dr Raghavendra (July 2002 JRSM1) made interesting reading, especially the section on the discovery of curare. In 1982, I had the privilege of visiting Brunei as the guest of Mr Rex Lawrie, consultant surgeon (retired). He took me to visit a ‘long house’ in neighbouring Borneo, where he was acquainted with the son of the owner (Figure 1). I was particularly interested to watch the young man's father, who lived there, mixing some form of poison in a bowl and applying it to the tip of a dart which was used, with his blow-pipe, in hunting game (Figure 2). I never discovered the nature of the poison used. Was it curare? Do any readers of the JRSM have any information about the poison used by the natives of Borneo on their poisoned darts?



Figure 1

The son of the house with Rex Lawrie who is holding the blow-pipe with spearhead attached





Figure 2

The father of the son of the house mixing the poison used on his darts
THE TRANSMISSION OF VERRUGA BY PHLEBOTOMUS
Authors: CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The following are the data, in brief, relating to the first case of experimental transmission of verruga<sup>1</sup>accomplished through the medium of any bloodsucker. The bloodsucker used was<i>Phlebotomus verrucarum</i>(Townsend), a biting gnat occurring in the verruga zones of the Peruvian Andes. Two hairless dogs of the species<i>Canis caraibicus</i>(Lesson), male and female, each about 1½ years of age, secured in Chosica, April 24, 1913, were admitted to the verruga laboratory on that date, since which time neither one has left the laboratory at any time, the two having been kept chained side by side continuously. The female was used for the transmission, while the male was reserved for the check. Up to July 10, 1913, the general condition of the female had been perfect. Examination of her blood made June 15, showed nothing abnormal. The rectal temperature, taken daily since May 3, varied from 37 to
Pallidal hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging in cirrhotic patients: Clinical correlations
Authors: Jaime Kulisevsky, Jesús Pujol, Joaquín Balanzó, Carme Junqué, Joan Deus, Antoni Capdevilla, Cándido Villanueva
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Patients with cirrhosis show increased signal intensity in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. This abnormal appearance of the basal ganglia has been related to the severity of liver failure and to the presence of portal-systemic shunting, although its cause and clinical significance remain unknown. We prospectively assessed the metabolic, neurological and neuropsychological statuses of 30 stable cirrhotic patients and correlated these clinical variables with computed measurements of globus pallidus signals. Some metabolic variables denoting disease severity appeared to be significantly related to image changes, although the strongest association was found with plasma ammonia levels. After adjustment for ammonia level, on multiple regression analysis, the other variables were not significant. Furthermore, pallidal changes were associated with specific neurological symptoms and neurological functions, symptoms and functions that also had a significant correlation with ammonia levels. Our findings suggest that globus pallidus signal abnormality could arise as a marker of brain impairment related to hyperammonemia.
Prisoners' mental health could suffer if GPs fail to commission services, warn psychiatrists
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

GPs are urged not to overlook prisoners with mental health problems when new commissioning arrangements come into effect in England. Janet Parrott, who chairs the Faculty of Forensic Psychiatry at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said that mental health services for prisoners need to be integrated with those outside the prison walls.

She said, “This is particularly pertinent because of the new commissioning arrangements for the NHS. There is a risk that the needs of prisoners and those in the criminal justice system will not be a part of all the wider priorities related to GP commissioning.”

Dr Parrott, who was talking at a briefing on the mental health …
What to do when faced with troubling suspicion that young patient may be victim of abuse?
Authors: S. Silvermann
Journal: JAMA (1989)

RECORDS KEPT since 1979 indicate that medical personnel have reported approximately 11.2% of child abuse cases each year. That is according to the American Humane Association, Denver, Colo. Physicians in all states are required to notify their state child protection agencies if there is reasonable cause to suspect that abuse has occurred, says Howard Davidson, JD, director of the American Bar Association's National Legal Resource Center for Child Advocacy and Protection, Chicago, Ill. Telephoned reports must be made within 24 hours of the diagnosis, and a written report usually must follow within 36 hours. Some physicians who do not see many child abuse cases may lack confidence in their ability to recognize it, says Robert Reece, MD, director of the family development centers and child protection programs at Boston (Mass) City Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital. However, they are not required to prove anything, says Howard Levy, MD, chief of
Low circulating CD34+ cell count is associated with poor prognosis in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Shoichi Maruyama, Akihiko Taguchi, Shigejiro Iwashima, Takenori Ozaki, Kaoru Yasuda, Akie Kikuchi-Taura, Toshihiro Soma, Hideki Ishii, Toyoaki Murohara, Hiroshi Takahashi, Hirotake Kasuga, Yoshitaka Kumada, Takanobu Toriyama, Yasuhiko Ito, Hirohisa Kawahara, Yukio Yuzawa, Seiichi Matsuo
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Suppression of Progression and Metastasis of Established Colon Tumors in Mice by Intravenous Delivery of Short Interfering RNA Targeting KITENIN, a Metastasis-Enhancing Protein
Authors: Ji Hee Lee, Eun Song Cho, Mi-Young Kim, Young-Woo Seo, Dhong Hyo Kho, Ik Joo Chung, Hyun Kook, Nack Sung Kim, Kyu Youn Ahn, Kyung Keun Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Thymosin beta(10) is a monomeric actin sequestering protein that regulates actin dynamics. Previously, we and others have shown that thymosin beta(10) acts as an actin-mediated tumor suppressor. In this study, we show that thymosin beta(10) is not only a cytoskeletal regulator, but that it also acts as a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth by its interaction with Ras. We found that overexpressed thymosin beta(10) significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation in vitro. Vessel sprouting was also inhibited ex vivo. We further show that thymosin beta(10) directly interacted with Ras. This interaction resulted in inhibition of the Ras downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase signaling pathway, leading to decreased vascular endothelial growth factor production. Thymosin beta(10) injected into a xenograft model of human ovarian cancer in nude mice markedly inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor vascularity. In contrast, a related thymosin family member, thymosin beta(4), did not bind to Ras and showed positive effects on angiogenesis. These findings show that the inhibition of Ras signal transduction by thymosin beta(10) results in antiangiogenic and antitumor effects, suggesting that thymosin beta(10) may be valuable in anticancer therapy.
Mechanisms of alcohol impairment of recovery from mechanically denuded areas made within cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: R. J. Anderson, H. T. Sponsel, S. E. Brown, R. Breckon, C. Ray, F. R. Simon, P. S. Guzelian
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The effect of ethanol on the ability of a denuded hepatocyte cell surface to recover is unknown. We therefore determined the effect of ethanol on the rate of renewal of mechanical wounds made in near–confluent monolayers of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. We found that ethanol exerted a dose–dependent effect to impair rat hepatocyte recovery and that at least 12 hours of exposure to ethanol was required to induce this impairment. The effect of ethanol to impair recovery of denuded areas of epithelium was not seen in two established renal tubular epithelial cell lines. Ethanol impairment of rat hepatocyte recovery could be blocked by an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor (4–methyl pyrazole) and potentiated by an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (pargyline). The effect of ethanol to inhibit rat hepatocyte recovery of denuded areas was not associated with any change in hepatocyte cell surface expression of the β1 integrin subunit as determined by flow cytometry. These results suggest that acetaldehyde is responsible for ethanol inhibition of hepatocyte recovery from mechanical injury and that this impairment occurs independent of cell surface expression of the β1 integrin subunit.
Adherence to Mediterranean diet is favorably associated with metabolic parameters in HIV-positive patients with the highly active antiretroviral therapy–induced metabolic syndrome and lipodystrophy
Authors: Sotiris Tsiodras, Kalliopi-Anna Poulia, Mary Yannakoulia, Sonia N. Chimienti, Sanjivini Wadhwa, Adolf W. Karchmer, Christos S. Mantzoros
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Does Hypomania Distinguish Bipolar II Disorder from Major Depressive Disorder?
Authors: Franco Benazzi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

Recent epidemiological/clinical studies have not found clear boundaries between bipolar II disorder (BP-II) and major depressive disorder (MDD), as subsyndromalhypomanic episodes were more common than syndromalhypomania. The aim of the study was to test if hypomania could still be used to split categorically BP-II and MDD.274 consecutive remitted BP-II and 129 MDD outpatients were interviewed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV on the most common symptoms and duration of hypomanic episodes (lasting at least 2 days, having at least 2 symptoms), in a private practice.As expected by definition, BP-II versus MDD had significantly more episodic hypomanic symptoms. However, MDD had episodes of subsyndromalhypomanic symptoms (median number of symptoms 3). In the entire sample, frequency of episodes of hypomanic symptoms, according to the number of symptoms per episode, was normally, not bimodally,distributed. A grading(r = 0.57, p < 0.001) of the number of episodic hypomanic symptoms was found.Findings question the splitting of BP-II and MDD based on hypomania, as hypomania (at least as defined by DSM-IV) seems more a dimensional than a categorical disorder.
The Virtual Apple Core of a Colonic Carcinoma
Authors: Eric M Rubin, Vassilios D Raptopoulos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 67-year-old woman presented with a three-month history of abdominal pain, weight loss, and rectal bleeding. She had never been screened for colon cancer. Laboratory evaluation revealed a hematocrit of 32 percent and normal liver function. The patient was referred for computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen with integrated CT colonography. This technique combines contrast-enhanced CT scanning of the abdomen and pelvis with rectal air insufflation to distend the colon. A coronal multiplanar reformatted image (Panel A) shows a constricting lesion in the distal transverse colon (white arrow), which has overhanging edges that suggest a malignant lesion. A low-attenuation, peripherally . . .
The transcription factor T-bet is essential for the development of NKp46+ innate lymphocytes via the Notch pathway
Authors: Lucille C Rankin, Joanna R Groom, Michaël Chopin, Marco J Herold, Jennifer A Walker, Lisa A Mielke, Andrew N J McKenzie, Sebastian Carotta, Stephen L Nutt, Gabrielle T Belz
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
Blood Thrombotest Versus Prothrombin Test
Authors: James H. Currens
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE BASIC requirement for anticoagulation with bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol) or an analogue is a good laboratory test for the effect of the drug upon the coagulation mechanism of the blood. The Quick 1 prothrombin test expressed in time or per cent has been relied on in the past to regulate the dose of bishydroxycoumarin. Evidence has accumulated recently, however, to indicate that these drugs suppress the proconvertin (Factor VII) content of the blood to a greater extent than they suppress the prothrombin (Factor II) content, 2 as well as suppressing Factor IX (Christmas factor) and Factor X (Stuart factor) to a variable degree. It is desirable, therefore, to have a simple method which will test for all of these factors in patients receiving bishydroxycoumarin or an analogue.  The thrombotest of Owren 3 is devised for this purpose and is reported to test for the factors (II, VII, IX, and X) that
Overweight, Obesity, and Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Robert R. McWilliams, Gloria M. Petersen
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mixed Respiratory and Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: Christopher C. Fordham, Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

CLINICAL disturbances of acid–base metabolism are usually indicated by a change in the serum carbon dioxide content. The latter is elevated in both metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis, and it is reduced in metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. The severity of the acid–base disturbance as a rule may be judged by the magnitude of the change in carbon dioxide content, and the type of disturbance is generally apparent from a consideration of the clinical situation and the direction of change in content. For these reasons determinations of blood pH, although constituting the only definitive test for acidosis and alkalosis, are . . .
2002 SLC28A2 65C&gt;T PREDICT SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C TREATED WITH INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN, CONSIDERING ALL HCV GENOTYPE AND GENOTYPE 1/4
Authors: A. D'Avolio, A. Ciancio, M. Siccardi, L. Baietto, M. Simiele, S. Patanella, D. Aguilar Marucco, G. Cariti, A. Calcagno, M. Sciandra, A. Smedile, F.G. De Rosa, S. Bonora, M. Rizzetto, G. Di Perri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Review of the pocket-electrocardiograph (PECG) in a large general medical clinic.
Authors: H Kishida, T Akazome, E Kimura, A E Rikli
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Two hundred and twenty patients were selected for testing with the patient-activated Pocket Electrocardiography (PECG) because angina pectoris and similar diagnoses could not be excluded. They were selected during a 30-month period from the population of approximately 12,000 new patients visiting a general medical clinic at Nippon Medical School Hospital. The test confirmed the preliminary diagnosis in 79.1%; 9.6% were not confirmed and 11.3% did not have an attack during the PECG examination. The PECG examination is useful in the differential diagnosis of angina pectoris, cardiac neurosis, phantom arrhythmia, and arrhythmia when the routine ECG examinations are essentially negative.
EXPERIMENTAL POTASSIUM DEPLETION IN NORMAL HUMAN SUBJECTS. II. RENAL AND HORMONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRACELLULAR ALKALOSIS DURING DEPLETION*
Authors: E. J. Huth, R. D. Squires, J. R. Elkinton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

During depletion, the potassium intake averaged about R. H., and 10 days for J. S.; the succeeding period of de- 1 mEq.per day.pletion plus DCA was five days for J. M.1 and J. M.2, and The specific studies were designed as follows: The con-six days for R. H. and J. S
Psychiatric Morbidity and Burnout in the Medical Profession: An Italian Study of General Practitioners and Hospital Physicians
Authors: Luigi Grassi, Katia Magnani
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

Burnout and psychological stress symptoms represent a major problem among health care professionals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the relationship between psychiatric morbidity and burnout among a convenience sample of Italian primary care physicians (GPs) and hospital physicians (HPs).The sample consisted of 328 physicians (182 GPs and 146 HPs) who completed the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).The global prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 22.3% (20.3% among GPs and 24.6% among HPs). Symptoms of emotional exhaustion were reported by 27.5% of the participants (GPs: 32.4%; HPs: 21.2%), depersonalization by 25.6% (GPs: 27.4%; HPs: 22.6%) and low personal accomplishment by 12.8% (GPs: 13.1%; HPs: 12.3%). No significant difference was found between the two groups, except higher levels of emotional exhaustion among GPs. Female GPs reported lower scores on MBI depersonalization and female HPs lower scores MBI personal accomplishment than male GPs and HPs, respectively.The study underscores the significant problem of stress among physicians and indicates the need for supporting health professionals in order to improve their psychological well-being and, possibly, the quality of their relationship with the patients.
Definition of a novel CYP2D6 epitope in autoimmune hepatitis type 2 and in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: P. Obermayer-Straub, T. Sugimura, S. Braun, B. Lüttig, S. Loges, A. Kayser, M. Durazzo, C. Strassburg, M.P. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Trastuzumab in Combination With Heregulin-Activated Her-2 (<i>erb</i>B-2) Triggers a Receptor-Enhanced Chemosensitivity Effect in the Absence of Her-2 Overexpression
Authors: Javier A. Menendez, Inderjit Mehmi, Ruth Lupu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

The decision for treating breast cancer patients with trastuzumab is based on HER-2 amplification and/or overexpression.Using MCF-7 cells (Her-2 +/-) engineered to overexpress heregulin (MCF-7/HRG), a ligand for the Her-2/3/4 network, we investigated whether HRG-induced transactivation of Her-2 affected breast cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and whether trastuzumab trigger receptor-enhanced chemosensitivity (REC) when combined with chemotherapy without Her-2 overexpression.MCF-7/HRG cells were more than 10-fold resistant to the alkylating agent cisplatin (CDDP), while trastuzumab coexposure completely reversed HRG-promoted CDDP resistance. A synergistic interaction between trastuzumab in combination with CDDP (paclitaxel or vincristine) was obtained in MCF-7/HRG cells. Trastuzumab prevented activation of the antiapoptotic and proliferative cascades and inhibited HRG-induced Her-2/3 phosphorylation. CDDP efficacy was enhanced by trastuzumab in cells expressing endogenously high levels of HRG. Conversely, trastuzumab coexposure was ineffective in enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in cells that did not secrete HRG, such as MCF-7 cells overexpressing a structural mutated HRG isoform. Therefore, trastuzumab-induced REC, in the absence of Her-2 overexpression, occurs through the kinase activity of Her-2/3. Interestingly, HRG expression in tumor biopsies from invasive breast carcinomas (n = 189) revealed that, whereas the minority (12%) of Her-2 positive tumors (n = 60; 32%) demonstrated Her-2 phosphorylation, the majority (67%) of HRG-overexpressing and Her-2 tumors (n = 57; 30%) were in active Her-2 status.We demonstrate that assessment of HRG expression and Her-2 activation define a particular breast cancer patient population for which trastuzumab plus CDDP or taxol are extremely efficient without Her-2 overexpression.
Gastroptosia not Gastroptosis.
Authors: N. O'D. Parks
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Ashton, R. I., Aug. 28, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Recurring to the inane controversy about appendicitis and perityphlitis, the latter word is itself a confession of ignorance on the part of those who use it. The word means inflammation in the neighborhood of, περί, about the cecum, τυ[unk]λον. "There is an inflammation somewhere," they say, "we do not know where, but it has reference to the cecum, anyway." They ignore the appendix, a rudimentary organ which has no other apparent object than to create trouble by exciting inflammation (perityphlitis). They fight about words, mistake the effect for the cause, temporize, mistreat the case, and the patient dies. In another case a practical surgeon, unskilled in philology, is called in. He at once pronounces the case to be appendicitis, neither knowing, perhaps, nor caring for the derivation of the word, nor casting a thought on it or its meaning. He promptly operates, removes the
Combined GM-CSF and IL-12 gene therapy synergistically suppresses the growth of orthotopic liver tumors
Authors: Chun-Jung Chang, Yi-Hsiang Chen, Kai-Wen Huang, Hao-Wei Cheng, Suit-Fong Chan, Kuo-Feng Tai, Lih-Hwa Hwang
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Immunotherapy is often effective only for small tumor burdens and, in many cases, is restricted to subcutaneous tumors. Here, we investigated the antitumor effects of combination therapy with GM-CSF and IL-12 on orthotopic liver tumors with intermediate or large tumor volumes, or on chemically-induced multifocal liver tumors in animals. Adenoviruses encoding GM-CSF or IL-12 were injected intratumorally to animals bearing transplanted tumors, or injected via intrahepatic artery in animals with primary multifocal liver tumors induced by diethylnitrosamine. Our results demonstrated that IL-12, but not GM-CSF, monotherapy displayed significant therapeutic effects, whereas combination therapy with both cytokines displayed synergistic antitumor effects not only on transplanted tumor models with intermediate or large tumor loads, but also on carcinogen-induced multifocal liver tumors. Effector cell analyses, revealed by in vivo cell subset depletion, flow cytometry analysis, and immunohistochemical staining of tumor infiltrates, indicated that NK cells were the prominent antitumor effectors for the IL-12-mediated antitumor activity, whereas CD8+ T cells, NKT cells, and macrophages were more important than NK cells in the combination therapy-mediated antitumor effects. Both IL-12 monotherapy and combination therapy could induce various types of effectors and high levels of IFN-gamma; however, the latter induced much higher levels than the former, which may explain why combination therapy is superior to IL-12 monotherapy.Combination therapy with GM-CSF and IL-12 represents a promising immunotherapy strategy for treating orthotopic, widespread liver tumors.
Review: 3 prediction rules, particularly ABCD, identify ED patients who can be discharged with low risk for stroke after TIA
Authors: Andrew Worster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Shah KH, Metz HA, Edlow JA. Clinical prediction rules to stratify short-term risk of stroke among patients diagnosed in the emergency department with a transient ischemic attack. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;53:662-73. 18849093