tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 229: Pterostilbene suppresses the generation of breast cancer stem cells within tumor microenvironment and metastasis via modulating NF-κB/microRNA448 circuit.
Authors: Chi-Tai Yeh, Jeng-Fong Chiou, Chih-Hsiung Wu, Alexander TH Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor microenvironment plays a key role in promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular step for cancer cells to gain metastatic ability and is also associated to the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Agents capable of modulating the tumor microenvironment could be more efficient in managing tumor progression. Pterostilbene, a natural stilbene isolated from blueberries have been suggested for its anti-cancer effects. Here, we explored the potential microenvironment modulating effects of pterostilbene in a M2-polarized macrophages (M2 TAMs) and breast cancer cell co-culture system. We first demonstrated that co-culturing with M2 TAMs increased the percentage of CD44+/CD24- CSC population and migratory/invasive abilities. We then showed that pterostilbene treatment dose-dependently overcame M2 TAM-induced enrichment of CSCs and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, pterostilbene suppressed NFκB, Twist1, Vimentin and increased E-cadherin expression. Importantly, pterostilbene-mediated NFκB downregulation was correlated to an increased amount of microRNA448. Finally, using non-invasive bioluminescence technique we demonstrated that pterostilbene treatment significantly suppressed M2 TAM co-cultured MDA-MB-231 tumorigenesis and metastasis. Thus, pterostilbene could be a potential anti-CSC agent for clinical development. Citation Format: Chi-Tai Yeh, Jeng-Fong Chiou, Chih-Hsiung Wu, Alexander TH Wu. Pterostilbene suppresses the generation of breast cancer stem cells within tumor microenvironment and metastasis via modulating NF-κB/microRNA448 circuit. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 229. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-229
Lack of Transmission of HTLV-III/LAV Infection to Household Contacts of Patients with AIDS or AIDS-Related Complex with Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Gerald H. Friedland, Brian R. Saltzman, Martha F. Rogers, Patricia A. Kahl, Martin L. Lesser, Marguerite M. Mayers, Robert S. Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

To determine the risk of transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) to close but nonsexual contacts of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we studied the nonsexual household contacts of patients with AIDS or the AIDS-related complex with oral candidiasis. Detailed interviews, physical examinations, and tests for serum antibody to HTLV-III/LAV were performed on 101 household contacts of 39 AIDS patients (68 children and 33 adults), all of whom had lived in the same household with an index patient for at least three months. These contacts had shared household items and facilities and had close personal interaction with the patient for a median of 22 months (range, 3 to 48) during the period of presumed infectivity. Only 1 of 101 household contacts--a five-year-old child--had evidence of infection with the virus, which had probably been acquired perinatally rather than through horizontal transmission. This study indicates that household contacts who are not sexual partners of, or born to, patients with AIDS are at minimal or no risk of infection with HTLV-III/LAV.
Acute Malnutrition and High Childhood Mortality Related to Diarrhea
Authors: Ray Yip
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the extent, major causes, and contributory factors of high rates of morbidity and mortality among children at mountain camps along the Turkey-Iraq border during the 1991 Kurdish refugee crisis. <h3>Design.</h3> —A cross-sectional rapid nutrition survey among children and a retrospective mortality survey covering a 2-month period from the onset of the crisis. <h3>Population Studied.</h3> —Households of Kurdish refugees at resettlement camp 1 near Zakho in northern Iraq. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Prevalence of wasting (low weight-for-height) and mean weight-for-height status, prevalence of diarrhea, and crude and age-specific mortality rates. <h3>Results.</h3> —Weight-for-height measurements indicated that children under 2 years of age had suffered significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) recent malnutrition. The elevated prevalence of wasting and the reduced mean weight-for-height status in this group indicated generalized weight loss. This weight loss was likely the result of the high rates of diarrhea, which still affected 50% of the younger children at the time of survey. The crude mortality rate for all ages was 8.9 per 1000 per month (expected rate, 0.6 per 1000); two thirds of the deaths occurred among children aged 5 years or younger, and half among infants younger than 1 year. An estimated 12% of all infants died during the first 2 months of the crisis. Most deaths were due to diarrhea, dehydration, and resulting malnutrition. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The high rates of malnutrition and mortality related to diarrhea in infants and younger children of Kurdish refugees took place rapidly despite prompt relief efforts and a previously healthy population. This experience underscores the need for early and aggressive public health management of sanitation, water sources, and diarrhea control programs to augment the traditional focus on food and medical relief during the emergency phase of a refugee crisis. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:587-590)
Responsiveness of articular cartilage from normal and inflamed mouse knee joints to various growth factors.
Authors: P J Verschure, L A Joosten, P M van der Kraan, W B Van den Berg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVE--Disturbed anabolic signalling might contribute to the decreased chondrocyte proteoglycan (PG) synthesis during joint inflammation. Articular cartilage obtained from mouse knee joints with experimentally-induced arthritis exhibits a state of nonresponsiveness towards stimulation of chondrocyte PG synthesis by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Investigations were carried out on the role of other growth factors apart from IGF-1 on regulation of chondrocyte PG synthesis under pathological conditions, that is, during repair after IL-1 exposure as well as during early and later arthritis. METHODS--Mouse patellae were obtained from normal knee joints and joints injected with IL-1 or zymosan. The patellae were cultured with basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF], epidermal growth factor [EGF] or transforming growth factor beta [TGF beta] for 24 hours in the presence or absence of IGF-1. Chondrocyte PG synthesis was measured by 35S-sulphate incorporation. RESULTS--In normal cartilage none of the tested growth factors elicited stimulatory effects on the chondrocyte PG synthesis as caused by IGF-1. EGF and TGF beta even caused significant inhibition of chondrocyte PG synthesis. Combination of bFGF or PDGF with IGF-1 exerted significant additional stimulation of the 35S-sulphate incorporation. IL-1 exposed cartilage displayed reactivity to IGF-1 as well as to the other growth factors similar to control cartilage. Cartilage obtained from joints with experimentally-induced arthritis exhibited a state of nonresponsiveness towards all individually tested growth factors as well as growth factor combinations. CONCLUSION--Arthritis causes nonresponsiveness to stimulation of chondrocyte PG synthesis by the tested growth factors, which might be caused by a general receptor function defect.
Postoperative Hyponatremic Encephalopathy in Menstruant Women
Authors: J. Carlos Ayus, James M. Wheeler, Allen I. Arieff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objectives: To determine factors associated with the development of encephalopathy and with its clinical course in patients with postoperative hyponatremia. Setting: Consultation and referral services of two university medical centers and community hospitals. Design: Case-control study (risk factors for encephalopathy) and cohort study (clinical course among patients with encephalopathy). Patients: Case patients included 65 adults with postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy; controls included 674 adult patients who had postoperative hyponatremia without encephalopathy and who were selected from 76 678 consecutive adult surgical inpatients. Measurements: Age, gender, menstrual status, neurologic symptoms, time to development and degree of hyponatremia, arterial blood gas determinations, serum chemistries, morbidity and mortality. Results: Case patients included 40 women (62%) and 25 men (38%) (P > 0.05); controls included 367 women (54%) and 307 men (46%) (P > 0.1). Of the 34 case patients who developed permanent brain damage or died, 33 (97%) were women (P < 0.001). Among the women with brain damage, 25 (76%) were menstruant (P < 0.001). The relative risk for death or permanent brain damage from hyponatremic encephalopathy in women compared with men was 28 (95% Cl, 5 to 141) and in menstruant women compared with postmenopausal women, 26 (Cl, 11 to 62). Arterial PO2 at diagnosis was significantly lower in female than in male case patients (34 ± 5 compared with 91 ± 3 mm Hg; P < 0.001). Further, of the 38 case patients who had respiratory arrest before the diagnosis of hyponatremic encephalopathy, 36 (95%) were women. Extent of or time to development of hyponatremia did not correlate with subsequent brain damage (P > 0.1). Conclusions: Women and men are equally likely to develop hyponatremia and hyponatremic encephalopathy after surgery. However, when hyponatremic encephalopathy develops, menstruant women are about 25 times more likely to die or have permanent brain damage compared with either men or postmenopausal women.
Controversy hits van Velzen cystic fibrosis paper
Authors: J. Seymour
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Authors and a patients organisation have leapt to the defence of a 1995 Lancet paper of which the disgraced Alder Hey pathologist Dick van Velzen was a key author.

Letters in the Lancet earlier this month called on the journal to withdraw the paper, suggesting that van Velzen could have biased the research (Lancet 2001;358:1546). But two of his coauthors, Rosalind Smyth and Deborah Ashby, and the Cystic Fibrosis Trust have backed the paper's findings. Professor van Velzen was severely criticised in the Redfern report for obtaining and storing children's organs without the parents' consent (BMJ 2001;322:255).

The paper (Lancet 1995; 346:1247-51) reported a case- control study on fibrosing colonopathy in cystic …
Molecular features determining lymphocyte reactivity in allergic contact dermatitis to chloramphenicol and azidamphenicol
Authors: B. Sachs, S. Erdmann, T. Al Masaoudi, H. F. Merk
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background : We report on two cases of allergic contact dermatitis to chloramphenicol and azidamphenicol respectively, with in vivo and in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to both compounds. The molecular features determining lymphocyte reactivity were explored because chloramphenicol, azidamphenicol, and thiamphenicol exhibit almost identical chemical structures. Methods : With chloramphenicol, azidamphenicol, and the chemically related thiamphenicol, we performed patch tests and lymphocyte transformation tests with both patients. Furthermore, the interleukin‐5 and interferon‐γ concentrations in the cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of one patient were determined. Results : Patch tests showed delayed hypersensitivity reactions to chloramphenicol and azidamphenicol, but not to thiamphenicol. These results were confirmed by lymphocyte transformation tests with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients, showing a proliferative T‐cell response to azidamphenicol and chloramphenicol. Moreover, lymphocytes from one patient secreted large amounts of interleukin‐5, but not of interferon‐γ upon coculture with azidamphenicol. Conclusions : Since lymphocyte reactivity was observed to chloramphenicol and azidamphenicol, but not to thiamphenicol, the epitope(s) recognized by the allergen‐reactive T cells may be formed by the nitro‐group of the benzene ring shared by chloramphenicol and azidamphenicol.
Noncoordinate regulation of cardiac Gs protein and beta-adrenergic receptors by a physiological stimulus, chronic dynamic exercise.
Authors: H K Hammond, L A Ransnas, P A Insel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We used a physiological stimulus, chronic dynamic exercise, in pigs to examine resultant changes in chronotropic responsiveness to catecholamine and biochemical features of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors and the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein, GS. Long-term treadmill running resulted in a substantial (44%) down-regulation of right atrial beta-adrenergic receptors, but the dose of isoproterenol yielding a 50% maximal increase in heart rate was decreased by 57% (from 0.07 +/- 0.03 to 0.03 +/- 0.01 microgram/kg; P less than 0.02) despite this decrease in receptor number. This disparity between receptor number and physiological responsiveness suggested altered signal transduction. We therefore quantitated GS in myocardial membranes obtained before and after chronic exercise in a competitive ELISA based on an antipeptide antibody developed to the alpha S portion of GS. We found a 42% increase in the amounts of GS in right atrial membranes (from 11.4 +/- 0.8 to 16.2 +/- 2.0 pmol/mg; P less than 0.05) and a 76% increase in the amounts of GS in left ventricular membranes (from 15.6 +/- 2.6 to 27.4 +/- 5.2 pmol/mg; P = 0.02) after chronic running. These data suggest that in the heart physiological perturbations can result in changes in the levels of GS, that GS and beta-adrenergic receptor number are not coordinately regulated, and that GS may contribute to altered adrenergic responsiveness independently of changes in beta-adrenergic receptor number.
Torsion of the Spermatic Cord in Utero
Authors: Jay Y. Gillenwater
Journal: JAMA (1966)

TORSION of the spermatic cord and infarction of the testis in utero is an uncommon condition, and the number of reported cases is small enough to make additional cases of interest. A recent review of the literature by Peterson<sup>1</sup>revealed only 56 cases, 22 of which were noted at birth. The first case reported in this country was that of Campbell<sup>2</sup>in 1948. The incidence is certainly greater than is recognized or reported. Many cases may be mistaken for hematoma due to trauma incurred during the delivery and are not investigated further. Some of the many cases of atrophic testis of the adult may be the result of infarction of the testis in the newborn. Birth trauma may also be a cause of hemorrhage in the testis. The frequent occurrence of intratesticular hemorrhage during birth led Halpert<sup>3</sup>to make gross and microscopic examination of the testes of
Chronic Cough as the Sole Presenting Manifestation of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: William M. Corrao, Sidney S. Braman, Richard S. Irwin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Six patients with chronic cough, without history of dyspnea or wheezing, had normal base-line spirometry but hyper-reactive airways, as demonstrated with methacholine. Maintenance therapy with bronchodilators promptly eliminated the cough in all patients. Three to 12 months later therapy was discontinued for three days, cough returned, and detailed pulmonary-function studies were carried out. Again, base-line values were normal, but after methacholine one-second forced expiratory volume decreased an average of 40 per cent in the patients as compared to 30 per cent in normal controls (P less than 0.001). The point of identical flow was increased by methacholine to 43.5 per cent of vital capacity in the patients, as compared to 6 per cent in normal controls (P less than 0.001), and the alveolar plateau was 4.8 deltaN2 per liter, as compared to 1.4 in normal controls (P less than 0.01). Specific airway conductance was lowered in patients and controls, but the post-methacholine value was significantly lower in the patients. On the basis of their persistently hyper-reactive airways, inducible diffuse airway bronchoconstriction and excellent response to bronchodilator therapy, these patients appear to have a variant form of asthma in which the only presenting symptom is cough.
Discrimination, informed consent, and the HIV infected clinician
Authors: R. Bayer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In the middle 1980s a central ethical challenge posed by the AIDS epidemic entailed the issue of whether doctors were obliged to care for patients infected with HIV regardless of the small but ineliminable risk that they might become infected as a result. Without exception, those who considered the issue from an ethical perspective concluded that doctors were morally obliged to provide care even in the face of risk; that professional duty took precedence over personal fear or preference.

It was within that context that a small closed meeting was convened in 1988 at the Hastings Center, a research institute just north of New York, devoted to the study of medical ethics. The aim of the meeting was to examine a related but quite different issue: whether patients have a right to avoid contact with doctors infected with HIV. Two leading advocates of the rights of people with HIV, who were at the same time well known for their defence of patients' rights, were asked to address this issue. To the surprise of many at the session, both concluded, with great difficulty, that clinicians who engaged in invasive procedures had a duty to avoid exposing their patients to even the remotest of risks and should …
22 A COMPARISON OF 24 WEEKS AND 48 WEEKS TREATMENT EFFICACY BETWEEN CLEVUDINE AND ENTECAVIR THERAPY IN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: S.R. Shin, D.H. Lee, S.M. Song, M.S. Choi, J.H. Lee, K.C. Koh, S.W. Paik, B.C. Yoo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
A study of physiological responses during match play in Indian national kabaddi players.
Authors: G L Khanna, P Majumdar, V Malik, T Vrinda, M Mandal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To determine the physical and physiological profile of kabaddi players and the physiological demands of playing a kabaddi match.Maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max), maximum ventilation (VEmax), O2 pulse, respiratory equivalent (RE), maximum heart rate, and O2 debt were assessed on 16 players. The somatotype of the players was calculated by the Health and Carter method. Heart rate was monitored during a selection trial match on eight players who represented India in the Asian Games, 1994. From the playing heart rate, oxygen consumption (VO2) was computed through a heart rate v VO2 regression equation. Maximum lactate was evaluated from the blood samples collected at the end of the match.The average heart rate and oxygen consumption during the match were 146.5 (SD 9.25) beats min-1 and 2.25(0.59) litre min-1 respectively. During raiding the maximum heart rate attained varied from 162.4(11.3) to 177.4(4.2) beats min-1. Out of 40 min of match play a raider raided on average on 8.13(2.03) occasions. The average time per raid was 20.8(6.26) s. The match heart rate and oxygen consumption was 72.3-83.3% of the maximum heart rate, and 43.5-70.5% of VO2max respectively. Maximum lactate at the end of the match was 6.13(2.53) mmol litre-1. Kabaddi players had the somatotype of 2.68-4.71-1.83, with absolute back strength of 175.0 kg. VO2max and O2 debt were 3.59(0.36) litre min-1 [47.82(3.68) ml kg-1 min-1] and 5.3(1.85) litres (70 ml kg-1) respectively.Kabaddi is an intermittent sport. The rest pause during the game is sufficient for recovery. During raiding the main source of energy is anaerobic.
AN ANTISENSE INHIBITOR OF APOLIPOPROTEIN C-III SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASES APOLIPOPROTEIN C-III, TRIGLYCERIDES, VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND PARTICLE NUMBER, AND INCREASES HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND PARTICLE NUMBER IN HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC PATIENTS ON A FIBRATE
Authors: Vickie Alexander, Daniel Gaudet, Wei Cheng, JoAnn Flaim, Steve Hughes, Walter Singleton, Richard Geary
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
P2-175: Phase 1/2 trial of ABT-751 in combination with pemetrexed vs pemetrexed alone in subjects with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Helen Eliopoulos, Moacyr Oliveira, Ann Mauer, Charles Rudin, Andrew Coates, Xiangdong Zhou, Hao Xiong, Anne Hagey
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Hamilton Bailey's Emergency Surgery
Authors: Alvin M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Dr. T. J. McNair and his colleagues have put together the finest example of an encyclopedia of emergency surgery ever offered in American surgical literature. In commenting on this work, there is only one criticism that must be levied, namely, that it has been confined to one volume of relatively small print when it deserves perhaps twice the number of printed pages. It is not a "cook book" of surgical technique, but supplies the reader with a general discussion of etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis, as well as the management of these conditions. Discussions are exhaustive, including basic aspects of conditions treated, as well as technical descriptions of procedure. The illustrations are as fine as any ever assembled in a single textbook. They include artists' conceptions, x-ray film reproductions, and photographs in black and white, and a vivid array of color drawings and photographs. These color prints are generously distributed throughout
A Genetic Screen Identifies Topoisomerase 1 as a Regulator of Senescence
Authors: Nicolas Humbert, Sébastien Martien, Arnaud Augert, Marco Da Costa, Sébastien Mauen, Corinne Abbadie, Yvan de Launoit, Jesús Gil, David Bernard
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Normal cell growth can be permanently blocked when cells enter a state known as senescence. This phenomenon can be triggered by various stresses, such as replicative exhaustion, oncogenic stimulation, or oxidative stress. Senescence prevents transmission of aberrant signals to daughter cells and thus prevents irreversible damage that could favor cancer development. To identify new genetic events controlling senescence, we have performed a loss-of-function genetic screen on normal human cells. We report that knockdown of topoisomerase I (Top1) results in an increased replicative potential associated with a decrease in senescence markers and a diminished DNA damage response. In addition, Top1 depletion also favors a bypass of oncogene-induced senescence. Conversely, Top1 constitutive expression induces growth arrest, the appearance of a senescence marker, and an activation of the DNA damage response. Altogether, these results reveal an unanticipated function of Top1 in regulating senescence.
Genetic and Clinical Mosaicism in a Type of Epidermal Nevus
Authors: Amy S. Paller, Andrew J. Syder, Yiu-Mo Chan, Qian-Chun Yu, Elizabeth Hutton, Gianluca Tadini, Elaine Fuchs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Many skin disorders are characterized by a mosaic pattern, often with alternating stripes of affected and unaffected skin that follow the lines of Blaschko. These nonrandom patterns may be caused by a postzygotic mutation during embryogenesis. We studied the genetic basis of one such disorder, epidermal nevus of the epidermolytic hyperkeratotic type. Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is an autosomal dominant blistering skin disease arising from mutations in the genes for keratin (K) 1 and 10. The offspring of patients with epidermal nevi may have generalized epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.