tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leukotrienes D4 and E4 produced in myocardium impair coronary flow and ventricular function after two hours of global ischaemia in rat heart
Authors: C C. Lee, R. F Appleyard, J. G Byrne, L. H Cohn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: Leukotrienes D4 and E4 are potent coronary vasoconstrictors and myocardial depressants. The aim was to investigate the contribution of myocardial leukotrienes to impairment of coronary flow and recovery of contractile function in rat hearts subjected to 2 h of global ischaemia. Methods: Rat hearts were mounted on a working Langendorff apparatus and perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37°C for 30 min. Hearts were then arrested with either standard potassium crystalloid cardioplegic solution (n=6), or with cardioplegic solution containing the leukotriene D4, E4 receptor antagonist LYI71883 (n=6). Arrested hearts were maintained at 15°C for 2 h, then rewarmed to 37°C during 30 min working reperfusion. Coronary effluent was analysed by radioimmunoassay for leukotriene C4, D4, E4, and F4 levels. Immediately prior to cardiac arrest, and again after 30 min reperfusion, coronary flow, and aortic outflow and pressure were measured. Results: Postischaemic leukotriene levels were increased compared to preischaemic levels in both groups [pooled measurements: 133.3 (SD 136.4) v 20.7(17.8) pg·0.1 ml−1, p < 0.05]. Postischaemic coronary vascular resistance was increased by 80% in controls (p < 0.001) compared to 19% (p=NS) in treated hearts. In addition, functional recovery was significantly greater in treated hearts compared to controls [82(3)% v 53(3)% for coronary flow; 79(3)% v 50(2)% for cardiac output; 82(4)% v 54(3)% for stroke work]. Conclusions: Leukotrienes are endogenously produced by the heart, and this production is significantly increased after global ischaemia and reperfusion. Reversal of significantly increased coronary vascular resistance coupled with improved functional recovery in hearts treated with LYI71883 demonstrates an important contribution of endogenously produced leukotrienes to coronary vascular impairment and functional stunning of the globally ischaemic, reperfused heart. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:770-773
An Essay, Medical, Philosophical, and Chemical on Drunkenness and Its Effects on the Human Body
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In 1804, the Scottish physician Thomas Trotter declared that drunkenness was a disease. He came up with the idea while writing his MD dissertation. He thought it was a new idea. It wasn't. Earlier writers had described inebriety as a medical condition. One of them was Benjamin Rush, whose 1785 monograph on ardent spirits is a classic. Still, alcoholism didn't become widely accepted as a disease until the 19th century, and Trotter's book was partly responsible. It was a charming work and was translated into several languages. It was one of those pivotal works that influence generations to come, often without the generations knowing the history of the influence. The<i>Tavistock Classics in the History of Psychiatry</i>has published the book in its original form, with the quaint 18th century spellings where<i>s</i>resembles<i>f</i>and "epilepsy" is spelled "epilepfy." Whether readability is more important than verisimilitude can be argued,
Points: Elective surgery after myocardial infarction
Authors: F J M Walters
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A Ledermann and colleagues (12 June, p 1784) reporting thrombocytopenia following benoxaprofen therapy.They state that thrombocytopenia associated with benoxaprofen has not been reported before.We reported thrombocytopenia in association with leucopenia and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a 62- year-old woman after only nine days' treatment with benoxaprofen, and this was published in May 1982.
Clinical Factors Associated With Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients Being Treated for Leukemia and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Xin Shelley Wang, Sergio A. Giralt, Tito R. Mendoza, Martha C. Engstrom, Beth A. Johnson, Neomi Peterson, Lyle D. Broemeling, Charles S. Cleeland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To describe fatigue severity, fatigue interference, and associated factors in hematologic malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients being treated for leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n = 228) completed the Brief Fatigue Inventory to rate fatigue severity and functional interference caused by fatigue. Data on patient demographics, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, other physical symptoms, current treatments, and laboratory values were also collected. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Fifty percent of the sample reported severe fatigue, which was defined as a “fatigue worst” rating of 7 or greater. More patients with acute leukemia (61%) reported severe fatigue compared with those with chronic leukemia (47%) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (46%). Increased fatigue severity significantly compromised patients’ general activity, work, enjoyment of life, mood, walking, and relationships with others. Fatigu...
A Case of Milky Hydrocele
Authors: S. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1885)

THER BIRITHMEDICAL JOANAL.' 124&1 tsctiou,; thei romaindet to morbid adhesions.oIn .oeoft my case's, the placentA was iso adherentj that I was obliged to leave-quite: a third'I attached to the wall of the.uteru$, as the force!required to reihove it: would have been more daigerous than allowing it to remain. ,I syringed the uteruis out night and morning for a fortnight.The portion of placenta separated, and the patient passed it on the sixth day, and mllade a rapid recovery.It is much safer to leave a portion of the placenta, than to use force whieh is likely to injure the wall of the uterus.
Ex vivo and in vivo capture and deactivation of circulating tumor cells by dual-antibody-coated nanomaterials
Authors: Jingjing Xie, Yu Gao, Rongli Zhao, Patrick J Sinko, Songen Gu, Jichuang Wang, Yuanfang Li, Yusheng Lu, Suhong Yu, Lie Wang, Shuming Chen, Jingwei Shao, Lee Jia
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
A Further Solution to the Malpractice Problem: Corporate Liability and Risk Management in Hospitals
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

I have reached the conclusion that the hospital is liable with great reluctance because I am sure that the Sisters of Mercy have done everything within their power to run a proper institution. But they, like every other governing board, are corporately responsible for the conduct of their medical staff.—Moore vs. Carson-Tahoe HospitalTHERE has developed in the United States a quiet revolution in malpractice liability, little noticed in the medical literature. It is the movement to assign responsibility for all types of professional malpractice, including acts of independently practicing physicians, to the hospital corporation itself.The establishment of . . .
Antigen Detection in the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: MARC H. WEINER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Two blinded, controlled trials were done to evaluate the usefulness of fungal antigen detection for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus carbohydrate by radioimmunoassay was compared with antibody detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with diagnostic microbiologic and histopathologic procedures. In the first trial, antigenemia was detected in 4 of 6 leukemic patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, but not in 8 acute leukemic controls or in 24 normal controls. Fungal antigenemia persisted for 8 to 75 days in 4 patients and seroconversion occurred at the onset of pulmonary infiltrates in 3. Antibody to A. fumigatus was detected in 2 of the 6 patients with aspergillosis, but also in 2 leukemic controls and 6 normal controls. Aspergillus species were identified in four of seven bronchoscopies done in 5 patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Prospective nasal cultures grew Aspergillus species in 4 of the 6 patients with invasive aspergillosis, but in only 1 patient was this information available before a histologic diagnosis was made. In a second trial, antigenemia was detected in 2 patients with invasive aspergillosis, and in 1 with possible invasive aspergillosis, but not in 9 controls. This study indicates that the radioimmunoassay for A. fumigatus antigen is a highly specific and moderately sensitive serodiagnostic test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Prospective nasal cultures grew Aspergillus species in 4 of the 6 patients with invasive aspergillosis, but in only 1 patient was this information available before a histologic diagnosis was made. In a second trial, antigenemia was detected in 2 patients with invasive aspergillosis, and in 1 with possible invasive aspergillosis, but not in 9 controls. This study indicates that the radioimmunoassay for A. fumigatus antigen is a highly specific and moderately sensitive serodiagnostic test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Reperfusion injury and ischemic preconditioning: two sides of a coin?
Authors: Jan W.T Fiolet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

nism of cardio-protection by preconditioning is linked tothis issue.the mechanism by which inhibition of the Na / H -exchanger prevents reperfusion injury.1 1 activity of the Na / H -exchanger. From this study the tion in the presence or absence of a specific inhibitor of theauthors find support for their hypothesis that the mecha-Na / H -exchanger, neither in control hearts nor in preconditioned hearts [1].Therefore, it is not immediately
The Clinical Application of Targeting Cancer through Histone Acetylation and Hypomethylation
Authors: Jill Gilbert, Steve D. Gore, James G. Herman, Michael A. Carducci
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Methods of gene inactivation include genetic events such as mutations or deletions. Epigenetic changes, heritable traits that are mediated by changes in DNA other than nucleotide sequences, play an important role in gene expression. Two epigenetic events that have been associated with transcriptional silencing include methylation of CpG islands located in gene promoter regions of cancer cells and changes in chromatin conformation involving histone acetylation. Recent evidence demonstrates that these processes form layers of epigenetic silencing. Reversal of these epigenetic processes and up-regulation of genes important to prevent or reverse the malignant phenotype has therefore become a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
GMC promises to reform fitness to practise hearings after new independent adjudicator is axed
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The independent body set up to take decisions on whether doctors are fit to practise is to be axed before it has heard its first case, the UK government has decided.

The Office of the Healthcare Professions Adjudicator (OHPA) was due to begin work in April 2011, taking over from the General Medical Council, the UK doctors’ regulator, the role of judging in cases of professional misconduct and deficient professional performance.

An independent body acting as adjudicator, with the GMC continuing to act as prosecutor but not judge, was one of the main recommendations of …
Abstract 4177: Synergistic role of ecdysoneless with oncogenic Ras in transformation of human mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Aditya Bele, Channabasavaiah Basavaraju Gurumurthy, Xiangshan Zhao, Jun Wang, Sameer Mirza, Shakur Mohibi, Hamid Band, Vimla Band
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Precisely regulated cell proliferation is essential for embryonic development as well as homeostasis in adult organs and tissues, whereas uncontrolled cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. Thus, elucidating how the cell cycle machinery is controlled is an important area of research in cancer cell biology. A large body of evidence has established a basic paradigm of the control of cell cycle progression involving the Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein family in conjunction with the E2F family of transcription factors. During G0/G1, interaction of hypo-phosphorylated Rb proteins with E2Fs prevents the transcription of E2F target genes. Cyclin-CDK complexes generated during cell cycle progression hyper-phosphorylate Rb, leading to release of Rb from E2Fs; this allows E2F target gene transcription and cell cycle progression. We previously identified the mammalian ortholog of Drosophila ecdysoneless (Ecd) protein as a novel and essential regulator of Rb-E2F-dependent cell cycle progression. Loss of Ecd retards the separation of Rb from E2F, arrests cells at G1/S boundary and prevents cell cycle progression. Consistent with role of Ecd in cell cycle, our recent studies show Ecd is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines as well as in ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. To understand the mechanism of Ecd overexpression and its correlation with oncogenesis, we overexpressed either Ecd alone, 61L-HRas alone or both genes together in hTERT-immortalized hMECs. These transfectants were then examined for their oncogenic properties. We observed while vector infected cells do not exhibit anchorage independence, all three transfectants showed anchorage independent proliferation, particularly Ecd+Ras showed a dramatic increase in anchorage independence in comparison with either Ecd or H-Ras. Similarly, other oncogenic traits such as proliferation on matrigel, invasion and migration were dramatically increased when both genes were expressed in comparison with individual genes. Considering the known oncogenic role of Ras in human cancer and the known role of Ecd in cell cycle, these data are highly significant and present a novel synergistic pathway for mammary cell transformation. We are currently defining the molecular mechanism of this synergistic oncogenic effect. In addition, we are generating Ecd overexpressed transgenic mice to examine the role of Ecd in oncogenesis in in vivo models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4177. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4177
Testing common sense
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Summary</h3> Inter-domain orientations between immunoglobulin domains are important for the modeling and engineering of novel antibody therapeutics. Previous tools to describe these orientations are applicable only to the variable domains of antibodies and T-cell receptors. We present the “Orientation of Cylindrical Domains (OCD)” tool, which employs a transferable approach to calculate inter-domain orientations for all immunoglobulin domains. Based on a reference structure, the OCD tool automatically builds a suitable reference coordinate system for each domain. Through alignment, the reference coordinate systems are transferred onto the sample to calculate six measures which fully characterize the inter-domain orientation. <h3>Availability and implementation</h3> The OCD approach is implemented as a stand-alone Python script, OCD.py, which can handle multiple types of data input for the analysis of single structures and molecular dynamics trajectories alike. OCD.py is available at https://github.com/liedllab/OCD under MIT license. <h3>Supplementary Information</h3> Supplementary information and data are available at <i>Bioinformatics</i> online.
Coping with Unfair Treatment at Work – What Is the Relationship between Coping and Hypertension in Middle-Aged Men and Women?
Authors: Töres Theorell, Lars Alfredsson, Peter Westerholm, Bengt Falck
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

An important hypothesis in psychosomatic medicine is that exposure to psychosocial factors that arouse anger may accelerate the onset of hypertension, particularly if the subject is not allowed to show anger or to deal constructively with the factor that evoked it. For working men and women, being treated in an unfair way at work may be crucial. The present study was designed to answer the question whether the pattern of coping - primarily directed towards the aggressor (open) or directed inwards or towards others (covert) - is associated with hypertension among working men and women.Five thousand seven hundred and twenty working men and women aged 15-64 participated in the study. The participation rate was 76%.The coping pattern was studied by means of a Swedish version of a self-administered questionnaire that was originally introduced by Harburg et al.Significant results were confined to the age group 45-54. All analyses were adjusted for age and body mass index. Smoking habits and social class had no effect on the relationships. Low scores (lowest quartile) for open coping tended to be associated with an elevated prevalence ratio (PR) of hypertension both among men (PR 1.3, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.9-1.7) and women (PR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.0). High scores for covert coping (highest quartile) were associated with an elevated PR of hypertension among men (PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2) but not in women. If the analysis was confined to cases without medication, the relationship between a high level of covert coping and high blood pressure was still significant for men. For women, however, no significant findings were made after this operation. Accordingly, the relationship between a low level of open coping and hypertension in women was confined to women with medication. Coping patterns were correlated with psychosocial work environment factors, in particular decision latitude.In men, covert coping was associated with prevalence of hypertension. In women, there tended to be a relationship between low scores for open coping and hypertension.
And the nominees are...
Authors: E. Loder
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Narrowly put, the BMJ Group research paper of the year has to report scientifically rigorous, original research. But it’s not meant to be solely that. Ideally, the research paper of the year will also have a clear clinical message and international impact. It might concern a problem that is particularly controversial, complex or challenging to study. In short, we think the best paper will describe an ambitious attempt to answer difficult but pressing clinical questions.

In selecting the papers we try to look forward as well as back, and take a long-range view of which paper is the most important. The papers we choose may not be those most cited in other scientific publications or emphasised by the popular press. We aim instead to choose a paper the impact of which doctors and patients are likely to feel 5 or 10 years from now; in other words, a paper that will “keep on giving.”

To start the process, we ask readers to identify potentially deserving papers. This year we received an unprecedented and gratifying 167 nominations. A great deal of crunching and winnowing then ensues. Should it be a paper that uses theory and modelling techniques or do we prefer real life studies? Do we think that a paper about behavioural incentives is “medical” enough? Is the research relevant in low resource areas or only in the developed world? … In the end there is more than a little subjectivity, and yet the degree of consensus is remarkably high. 

This year, Trish Groves (deputy …
425 A comparison of immunosuppressive regimens in liver transplantation: primary sirolimus vs. combination calcineurin inhibitors- sirolimus vs. primary calcineurin inhibitors
Authors: H ZAGHLA, R SELBY, J KAHN, E RAMICONE, J DONOVAN, N JABBOUR, Y GENYK, R MATEO, S GAGANDEEP, L SHER
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Sex and the bladder
Authors: L. Cardozo
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Sex and the bladderIn the female both the lower urinary and the lower genital tracts derive from the primitive urogenital sinus, and in adult women the urethra and the bladder base are next to the vagina.It is not therefore surprising that sexual activity may cause urinary symptoms and that lower urinary tract dysfunction may cause sexual problems.Many women have an urge to void urine during or immediately after sexual intercourse.'`This has been associated with a rigid perineum and nulliparity causing the posterior wall of the bladder to be irritated with repeated penile thrusting.4The resultant postcoital dysuria is known as "honeymoon cystitis," and is often followed by a urinary tract infection.Organisms are massaged into the bladder during intercourse, and if they are not voided soon after they multiply and cause infection.5Some women are particularly susceptible to such urinary tract infections.They find voiding after intercourse difficult, possibly because of a high intraurethral pressure.6Contraceptive diaphragms may reduce urine flow rate,7 and in a recent epidemiological study the risk of referral to hospital for urinary tract infection was two to three times higher among diaphragm users than among well matched controls.8Postmenopausal women are also at risk of dysuria, urgency, and urinary tract infection after coitus because of the atrophic changes that occur after oestrogen withdrawal and the failure of adequate lubrication during intercourse.4Urinary tract infection in women is so common that self help guides have been published.9For most women acute attacks are associated with sexual activity, and simple measures such as perineal hygiene, change of coital tech- nique, and voiding after intercourse may solve the problem.Diaphragms should be avoided in women with recurrent urinary problems, and postmenopausal women should be given vaginal lubricants and oestrogen replacement therapy.A high fluid intake combined with bicarbonate to alter the pH of the urine and a short course of antibiotics such as trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin are recommended for acute attacks.Chlamydia is difficult to identify as a causative organism but responds to 14-21 days of doxycycline. 10 Urinary incontinence is common among women and appears to have a profound effect on sexual function.Sutherst studied 103 women attending an incontinence clinic; 46% said that their urinary disorder had adversely affected sexual relations.1'Women with unstable bladders (detrusor instability) had a significantly higher incidence of sexual dysfunction than women with genuine stress
How to do it. Organise a multicentre trial.
Authors: C Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Randomised or non-randomised treatment comparison * Blind or open treatment allocation and outcome assessment * Intention to treat or on-treatment analysis, or both * Sample size and duration of follow up * Subgroup analysis * Defined entry and exclusion criteria * Amount of data to collect on randomised and non-randomised but eligible patients * Defined outcomes * Widespread applicability of trial results; what to do about non-randomised but eligible patients * Interim analysis and the role of an independent data monitoring committee * How intensively to look for adverse effects of treatment * How intensively to monitor compliance * Computerisation of data * Sharing of original data with overview groups looking at similar treatments (meta-analysis) * Involvement with sponsoring company, if any.
Activation of an imprinted allele of the insulin-like growth factor II gene implicated in rhabdomyosarcoma.
Authors: S Zhan, D N Shapiro, L J Helman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene is exclusively silent at the maternal allele in the mouse as well as in normal human tissues and is expressed at a high level in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). We report here that the normally imprinted allele of the IGF2 gene is activated in RMS tumors as well as in one RMS cell line. Since overexpression of IGF2 has been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of RMS, our data suggest that loss of imprinting (LOI) may lead to overexpression of IGF2 and play an important role in the onset of RMS. Furthermore, embryonal RMS usually has loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with paternal disomy of the IGF2 locus. One informative embryonal RMS tumor evaluated in this study was heterozygous at the IGF2 allele and had LOI, raising the possibility that LOI may be the functional equivalent of LOH in this tumor with both events leading to overexpression of IGF2.