tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Galactokinase Deficiency as a Cause of Cataracts
Authors: Ernest Beutler, Florinda Matsumoto, Wanda Kuhl, Alex Krill, Norman Levy, Robert Sparkes, Mark Degnan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase assays were carried out on blood samples from 210 persons in whom cataracts developed before the age of 40. In two patients, both of whom were first noted to have cataracts during the first year of life, total galactokinase deficiency was found. Among the other 92 patients whose cataracts had developed during the first year of life there was a statistically significant lowering of galactokinase activity. No cases of total galactokinase deficiency or concentrations of galactokinase reduced to a statistically significant degree were found in the patients whose cataracts developed later in life. One subject was found to have a total lack, and one approximately 1/6 normal galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity. Severe defects of galactose metabolism occur often enough among patients with juvenile cataracts of unknown cause that assays for galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase should be carried out in such cases. (N Engl J Med 288:1203–1206, 1973)
Molecular Signatures in Biopsy Specimens of Lung Cancer
Authors: Alain C. Borczuk, Lori Shah, Gregory D. N. Pearson, Kristin L. Walter, Liqun Wang, John H. M. Austin, Richard A. Friedman, Charles A. Powell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Gene expression profiles of resected tumors may predict treatment response and outcome. We hypothesized that profiles derived from lung tumor biopsies would discriminate tumor-specific gene signatures and provide predictive information about outcome. Lung carcinoma specimens were obtained from 23 patients undergoing computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy or endobronchial brushing for undiagnosed nodules. Excess tissue was processed for gene profiling. We built class prediction models for lung cancer histology and for cancer outcome. The histology model used an F test to identify 99 genes that were differentially expressed among lung cancer subtypes. The histology validation set class prediction accuracy rate was 86%. The outcome model used the maximum difference subset algorithm to identify 42 genes associated with high risk for cancer death. The outcome training set class prediction accuracy rate was 87%. In conclusion, gene expression profiles of biopsy specimens of lung cancers identify unique tumoral signatures that provide information about tissue morphology and prognosis. The use of specimens acquired from lung biopsy procedures to identify biomarkers of clinical outcome may have application in the management of patients with lung cancer. The procedures are safe and feasible; the efficacy and utility of this strategy will ultimately be determined by prospective clinical trials.
Predicting Alzheimer's and heart disease
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

New research released this week has identified a set of proteins that predict with a fair degree of accuracy whether early symptoms of memory loss will progress to Alzheimer’s disease (doi:10.1136/bmj.g4506). How much closer this brings us to a clinically useful blood test is hard to judge. And, as Krishna Chinthapalli explains this week (doi:10.1136/bmj.g4433), progress towards effective treatments for Alzheimer’s continues to be painfully slow.

Chinthapalli presents three main theories for what causes Alzheimer’s. Of these, the cholinergic hypothesis has borne most fruit in terms of drug treatment. But even so, no new drug has been licensed …
Uniform Presentation of Enzyme Determinations
Authors: Thomas J. Burkart
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter of David E. Langdon, MD (241:1229, 1979), "SI Units and Enzyme Levels," remains pertinent to a continuing problem. The thrust of the author's remarks should be reiterated periodically, until the dissemination of the new confusion inherent in the International System of Units (SI) is curtailed. Our colleagues remain puzzled about the switch from mg% to mg/dL and other changes in scientific medical unit designations. Should we further the fiasco under the guise of accuracy when what follows is misunderstanding? The original expression for uniform presentation of enzyme measurements along the lines recommended by Dr Langdon was made by Harry L. Gerstbrein, MD, and William H. Lederer, PhD (227:325, 1974), to the best of my knowledge, although others may have preceded them. Gerstbrein and Lederer corrected all enzyme chemistry values so that the upper limit of normal is 100 (95th percentile for healthy adults). They designated
Treatment of Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Frida G. Surawicz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Behavior Therapy Techniques: A Guide to the Treatment of Neuroses, by Joseph Wolpe and Arnold A. Lazarus (Mental Health and Social Medicine Division, H. L. Freeman [ed.]), 198 pp, 30 shillings, cloth $5.50, flexi cover $3.50, New York and London: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1966. The widening gap between the limited number of psychotherapists and the growing demands for treatment emphasizes the need for these two timely monographs which have in common one important feature: they offer new approaches to make psychotherapy more widely available and more effective. The excellent slim volume by Koegler and Brill consists of two parts. In the first the authors present the results of their research, and in the second they demonstrate how to apply their techniques for the treatment of psychiatric outpatients. The exploratory study, controlled and neatly designed, is impressive. Five matched groups of female outpatients, treated with conventional psychotherapy, meprobamate, prochlorperazine, phenobarbital, and
Effect of Managed Care Felt in Every Medical Field
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

AS MANAGED CARE organizations (MCOs) become commonplace in the field of medicine, physicians not only in patient practice but also in medical education, clinical research, and public health are grappling with the challenge they present. The task is hardly started, it will not be easy, and it will not be accomplished overnight. This is the overall message from several forums that have addressed the impact of managed care on the future of medical practice. Among these aspects were the following: • Education: Teaching hospitals are developing ways to instruct students in the skills they will need to practice in a managed care environment. • Clinical research: The advent of managed care and the national emphasis on reducing the cost of health care is forcing reevaluation of the traditional means of funding clinical research in part from fees charged for patient care. • Public health: As health departments find their
Letter: Preleukaemic syndrome and marrow hypoplasia.
Authors: N K Shinton, D Wells
Journal: BMJ (1974)

ratio of 0-5:1 and only 6`o promyelocytes.It was considered that the patient was undergoing a spontaneous remission of marrow hypoplasia and that no treatment was necessary.A month later both peripheral blood and marrow were normal.These cases emphasize the importance of differentiating between acure leukazmia and marrow hypoplasia.If there is any doubt, cytotoxic therapy should be delayed.-Weare, etc.,
Mutations in RNF135, a gene within the NF1 microdeletion region, cause phenotypic abnormalities including overgrowth
Authors: Jenny Douglas, Deirdre Cilliers, Kim Coleman, Katrina Tatton-Brown, Karen Barker, Brigitte Bernhard, John Burn, Susan Huson, Dragana Josifova, Didier Lacombe, Mohsin Malik, Sahar Mansour, Evan Reid, Valerie Cormier-Daire, Trevor Cole, The Childhood Overgrowth Collaboration, Nazneen Rahman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Effect of ouabain on total vascular capacity in the dog.
Authors: M R Goldman, S W Wolk, D L Rutlen, W J Powell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Whereas the cardiac effects of digitalis glycosides have been extensively studied, less is known of the extracardiac effects of the drug, in particular the effects on vascular capacity. We investigated the effects of parenteral ouabain on vascular capacity in the dog with particular emphasis on transhepatic resistance and its interaction with splanchnic and total intravascular capacity. We studied 49 dogs on total cardiopulmonary bypass in which the splanchnic and extrasplanchnic circulations could be separately perfused and drained, and the portal vein could be vented to systemic venous pressure. The results indicate: (a) ouabain produces a net central displacement of blood at 30 min after administration of 150 +/- 70 ml (SEM), (b) this displacement occurs despite a substantial increase in transhepatic resistance, although the early rise in transhepatic resistance may delay the net displacement of blood, and (c) the decrease of overall vascular capacity is due to an effect of ouabain on the capacitance vessels of both the splanchnic and extrasplanchnic circulations. The peripheral vascular capacity effects of ouabain may therefore contribute to overall cardiac performance.
Abstract 15749: The Estrogen-Estrogen Receptor System in Human Cardiac Stem Cells
Authors: Narasimman Gurusamy, Junghyun Kim, Toru Hosoda, Mauricio C Cabral-Da-Silva, Polina Goichberg, Hanqiao Zheng, Domenico D'Amario, Claudia Fiorini, Christian Arranto, Fumihiro Sanada, Marco Piccoli, David A D'Alessandro, Robert E Michler, Jan Kajstura, Piero Anversa, Roberto Bolli, Annarosa Leri
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Epidemiological studies have shown that heart failure is more prevalent in men than in women and that the female heart has a superior ability to cope with aging. The objective of this work was to e...
RATIONALIZING THE SURGERY OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: W. K. LIVINGSTON
Journal: JAMA (1931)

In 1878 Claude Bernard<sup>1</sup>called attention to the remarkable constancy of body fluids and predicted that the delicate adjustments necessary for the maintainance of internal harmony and economy must be dependent on nervous regulation. Today that prediction promises fulfilment. In spite of the present confused state of knowledge in this new field of study, evidence is accumulating that in the region of the hypothalamus<sup>2</sup>there are visceral centers exerting a control over water balance, the metabolism of fats and sugars, vascular adjustments (perhaps even the activities of capillaries and sweat glands), regulation of temperature, and a balanced control of glandular secretions and smooth muscle tonus changes in the internal organs. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that the visceral nervous system, which is the intricate network of neurons by which these activities are affected, regulates and, in turn, is affected by the<i>p</i>Hof body fluids; influences and
The Regulation of Quacks by Local Legislation.
Authors: Bayard Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Mansfield, O. <h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3><h3>Sir:</h3> —Since the announcement of the passage of the ordinance in this city entitled "The Registering of Physicians, Midwives and Pharmacists," I have been flooded with letters from all parts of the country asking for a copy of the ordinance which I have been unable to supply, and consequently take this method of reaching the profession at the earliest possible moment with a copy of the ordinance, which is as follows: <h3>Registering of Physicians, Midwives and Pharmacists, in the City of Mansfield, O.</h3> —It shall be the duty of every physician, midwife and pharmacist practicing in the City of Mansfield, Ohio, to register in a suitable book prepared therefor by the Health Officer; which register shall contain the name, the street address, the college at which said physician, midwife and pharmacist graduated, and date of said graduation;
THE POSITION OF THE MEDICAL PRACTITIONER CALLED IN TO ATTEND A CASE OF PROCURED ABORTION
Authors: J. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1921)

I sTwiLaJOtN may be,;that" Decidual cells are present "; or that " There is no evidence of malignancy."Tllis may all be very interesting, and in certain cases, of course, all that is required.It is not sufficient, however, when the cause of an obscure case of uterine liaemorrhage is at stake.If we ermploy the services of a specially trained patho- logist, however, and expect a report thlat will be useful, we also most follow a strict routine.In the first place, tlle type of bleeding slhould be submitted witlh the
Hepatobiliary Clearance of Intravenous Tc-99m Pertechnetate
Authors: SHERYL S.M. STERN, WILLIAM D. LESLIE, JACKIE O. DUPONT, ANNE E. PETERDY, MERVYN W. BILLINGHURST, DOUGLAS N. ABRAMS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The normal biodistribution of Tc-99m pertechnetate includes the thyroid gland, salivary glands, choroid plexus, and gastric mucosa. The primary route of excretion is through renal clearance. The authors describe two cases in which hepatobiliary excretion of intravenously administered Tc-99m pertechnetate was observed during scanning for Meckel's diverticulum as a possible source of gastrointestinal bleeding.
The Preferential Retention of Starch Synthesis Genes Reveals the Impact of Whole-Genome Duplication on Grass Evolution
Authors: Y. Wu, Z. Zhu, L. Ma, M. Chen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Gene duplication is a major force in evolution. Here, we analyzed the fate of duplicated genes following the ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) in rice. Polyploidy-derived duplicated genes were found to be preferentially lost from one of each pair of duplicated chromosomal segments, suggesting that the asymmetric gene loss may result from transcriptome dominance of the ancestral allotetraploid genome. Genes involved in synthesis and catabolism of saccharides were found to be preferentially retained in rice, reflecting different trajectories of duplicated genes formed by polyploidy between rice and Arabidopsis. Further studies demonstrated all 3 catalyzing steps in the starch biosynthesis pathway have polyploidy-derived duplicated genes and one copy in each step forms a dominant pathway in the grain filling–stage rice. The new starch biosynthesis pathway reflects one aspect of the impact of WGD on grass evolution.
Aerobic Training Decreases B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Expression and Adrenergic Activation in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Claudio Passino, Silvia Severino, Roberta Poletti, Massimo F. Piepoli, Chiara Mammini, Aldo Clerico, Alessandra Gabutti, Guido Nassi, Michele Emdin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
THE EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF THE HUMAN BODY LOUSE, PEDICULUS HUMANUS CORPORIS, WITH MURINE AND EPIDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE TYPHUS STRAINS
Authors: J. C. Snyder, C. M. Wheeler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

Experiments are described which demonstrate that human body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis), were infected experimentally with murine and epidemic louse-borne strains of typhus fever by feeding on suitably prepared rabbits. Details of the two methods of infection, the "bleb technique" and the "I.V. technique," are presented. It is concluded that the experimental infection of human lice with typhus can be accomplished very easily and rapidly with these methods. The possible applications of the method are discussed.
Francis James (“Jim”) Zacharias
Authors: John Cunningham
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Pioneered the first successful bone marrow transplants in children with primary immunodeficiency and became a fearless university administratorThe dreadful death of Roland Levinsky has shocked the world of paediatric oncology and genetics.He was an immunologist of international renown who performed the UK's first successful bone marrow transplant in children with primary immunodeficiency in 1979 at Great Ormond Street children's hospital.He went on to perform the UK's first successful attempts at gene therapy in children with fatal inherited diseases.He transformed the Institute of Child Health in London into a topclass research institution.Later, he did a similar makeover at Plymouth University, sending it soaring up the league tables.Levinsky was born in South Africa to a British-born mother and Polish/Lithuanian father.His father, died when Roland was 13.Two years later his mother returned to England with her three children.
Trends in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in school children: longitudinal study in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, from 1985 to 1997
Authors: A. Yura, T. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

The authors have carried out questionnaire surveys of health symptoms in school children (aged 7-12 years) in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. In this study, the geographical distribution of and trends in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis were evaluated.To assess the relationship between the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children and the environmental factors, and to estimate future changes of the prevalence of atopic dermatitis.A total of seven population surveys were carried out at 2-year intervals between 1985 and 1997 in a total of about 4 million primary school children (460 000-740 000 per survey).The lifetime prevalence of atopic dermatitis increased from 15.0% in 1985 to 24.1% in 1993 but levelled off thereafter. According to the school year, the prevalence was higher in lower-year pupils. However, the prevalence stopped rising earlier in lower-year pupils and began to decrease in 1997 in first- to third-year pupils. The prevalence according to areas was significantly correlated negatively with air pollution and positively with the income index. According to the income classes, the prevalence increased until 1993 but levelled off thereafter in all classes, which reduced the differences among the classes.The increase of the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in school children stopped in 1993 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is conceivable that the prevalence had reached the saturation level.
Standard Error as Standard?
Authors: Christian E. Zaugg
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Standard Error as Standard?To the Editor:I am concerned about errors in simple statistical concepts in articles recently published in Circulation.First, I worry about the widespread use of the standard error of mean (SEM) to describe the variability of numerical data.Specifically, SEM was used in 30% of the clinical investigations and reports and in 76% of the basic science reports analyzed for this purpose (the first 50 clinical investigations and the first 50 basic science reports in Circulation for the year 2001; restricted to studies reporting numerical data).So, at least in basic science reports, SEM has become standard.However, as discussed previously, 1 SEM does not describe the variability of the sample but the precision of the sample mean.Thus, the use of SEM is rarely justified.Many authors probably use SEM because it is smaller than the standard deviation (SD).Using SEM, however, creates the illusion that the variability is smaller than it actually is.Tolerating SEM, as currently happens, also creates an unnecessary pressure for future authors to wrongly use SEM to not be among those authors who apparently show highly variable data.Second, I worry about the use of the mean to describe the location of data without checking whether the data follow at least approximately a normal distribution.Specifically, in only 7% (clinical) and 4% (basic science) of the articles analyzed, authors were careful enough to apply a test for normality.As a consequence, the mean was probably used incorrectly in 26% and 23% of the articles, respectively, to describe clearly skewed data or
The Breast Cancer Screening Controversy Continues
Authors: Daniel B. Kopans
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 May 1993The Breast Cancer Screening Controversy ContinuesDaniel B. Kopans, MDDaniel B. Kopans, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In your recent editorial on breast cancer detection [1], you legitimately stress the importance of breast cancer screening for women over 50 years of age. Unfortunately, you do a disservice by suggesting that women 40 to 49 years old should no longer be offered breast cancer screening because there is no supporting scientific evidence. There are no data that absolutely prove efficacy for the screening of women 40 to 49 years old because there have been no properly designed or performed prospective studies. If the studies that have been done are analyzed the way they were designed, ...References1. Fletcher SW, Fletcher RH. The breast is close to the heart. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:969-71. Google Scholar2. Shapiro S, Venet W, Strax P, Venet L. Periodic Screening for Breast Cancer: The Health Insurance Plan Project and Its Sequelae, 1963-1986. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1988. Google Scholar3. Tabar L, Fagerberg CJ, Gad A, Baldetorp L, Holmberg LH, Grontoft O, et al. Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography. Lancet. 1985; 1:829-32. Google Scholar4. Kopans DB. The Canadian screening program: a different perspective. AJR. 1990; 155:748-9. Google Scholar5. Baines CJ, McFarlane DV, Miller AB. The role of the reference radiologist. Estimate of inter-observer agreement and potential delay in cancer detection in the National Breast Screening Study. Invest Radiology. 1990; 25:971-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMammography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast, and Radionuclide Imaging of the BreastThe Canadian national breast screening study. Why? what next? and so what?Screening for cancer predisposition 1 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 9Page: 746-749KeywordsBreast cancerBreast cancer screeningCancer screeningClinical trialsHealth insuranceHipMammographyMortalityProspective studiesRadiologists Issue Published: 1 May 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...