tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neonatal tolerance of major histocompatibility complex antigens alters Ir gene control of the cytotoxic T cell response to vaccinia virus.
Authors: A Müllbacher, R V Blanden, M Brenan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The K region of H-2 controls the Tc cell response to vaccinia-Db. The Kb, Kd, and Kq alleles allow good Tc cell responses against vaccinia-Db. In contrast, the presence of Kk in H-2 recombinants 2R (Kk,Db) and 4R (Kk,Db) or in F1 hybrids greatly reduces the anti-vaccinia-Db response. The defect does not lie in antigen presentation, as infected 4R cells can stimulate anti-vaccinia-Db Tc cells in vitro. Furthermore, nonresponder animals possess Tc cell precursors for vaccinia-Db, as transfer of F1 nonresponder spleen cells into infected, lethally irradiated responder recipients allowed generation of anti-vaccinia-Db effector Tc cells. Secondary responses to vaccinia-Db can also be obtained in vitro from T cells of 4R animals. Feedback inhibition was excluded in experiments with mixed chimeras in which Kk and Db were expressed on separate cell populations. Neonatal tolerance of B10 animals to Kk suppressed the anti-vaccinia-Db response but did not affect anti-vaccinia-Kb, anti-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, or anti-H-2d responses. In cold target competition experiments, H-2k competitors inhibited vaccinia-Db-specific target cell lysis by Tc cells, which suggests that anti-vaccinia-Db and anti-H-2Kk Tc cells may cross-react. Therefore, we propose that the suppressive influence of Kk on anti-vaccinia-Db Tc cell responses is a consequence of self-tolerance and that suppression of anti-Kk Tc cells results in cross-reactive suppression of anti-vaccinia-Db Tc cells.
High Incidence of Diabetes in Men With Sleep Complaints or Short Sleep Duration
Authors: Lena Mallon, Jan-Erik Broman, Jerker Hetta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship among sleep complaints, sleep duration, and the development of diabetes prospectively over a 12-year period in a middle-aged Swedish population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A random sample of 2,663 subjects aged 45–65 years living in mid-Sweden were sent a postal questionnaire including questions about sleep complaints, sleep duration, sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, medical conditions, and depression (response rate 70.2%). Twelve years later, a new questionnaire with almost identical questions was sent to all the survivors (n = 1,604) in 1995, and the questionnaire was answered by 1,244 subjects (77.6%). RESULTS—Men reporting new diabetes at follow-up more often reported short sleep duration (≤5 h per night) (16.0 vs. 5.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.01), difficulties initiating sleep (16.0 vs. 3.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and difficulties maintaining sleep (28.0 vs. 6.3%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) at baseline than men who did not develop diabetes. Women reporting new diabetes at follow-up reported long sleep duration (≥9 h per night) more often at baseline than women not developing diabetes (7.9 vs. 2.4%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). In multiple logistic regression models, the relative risk (95% CI) for development of diabetes was higher in men with short sleep duration (2.8 [1.1–7.3]) or difficulties maintaining sleep (4.8 [1.9–12.5]) after adjustment for age and other relevant risk factors. Short or long sleep duration or sleep complaints did not influence the risk of new diabetes in women. CONCLUSIONS—Difficulties maintaining sleep or short sleep duration (≤5 h) are associated with an increased incidence of diabetes in men.
The junctional zone beneath migrating epidermis*
Authors: R. MARKS, E. ABELL, T. NISHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

The changes that take palce in skin explants in vitro at the interface between migrating epidermal cells and dermis have been examined by light and electron microscopy and by immunofluorescent antibody techniques. In the first 24 hr epidermal cell migration occurred in the absence of any of the usual components of this junctional zone. After 48 hr of incubation antigenic determinants of the basal zone were detected and basal lamina was demonstrated ultrastructurally. It is proposed that migrating epidermal cells do not need a complex and specialized junctional zone and that these cells are themselves responsible for the elaboration of new basal lamina.
Abstract 2147: The effects of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin and artemisinin-glycolipid on non-small cell lung cancer induced bone destruction
Authors: Gwang-Taek Ma, Kwang-Kyun Park, Won-Yoon Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related death in males worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of entire lung cancer and largely metastasizes to bone. Bone consistently maintains the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, but NSCLC metastasized to bone interacts with normal bone cells and abnormally enhances osteoclasts-mediated bone resorption. As a result, enhanced bone resorption results in the release of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF-1) which promote cancer progression. Plant-derived compounds have been received attention as therapeutic agents for many human diseases. Artemisinin (ART) which is isolated from chinese medicinal herb, Artemisia annua and its derivative dihydroartemisinin (DHA) have been known as outstanding anti-malarial agents and have also potent anti-cancer activities. ART-glycolipid is ART's derivative that combined ART with the glycolipid daumone in order to enhance anti-cancer activity. We found that cell viability was decreased in A549 cells treated with ART, DHA and ART-glycolipid. ART, DHA and ART-glycolipid decreased the migration of A549 cells treated with or without TGF- β1 and IGF-1 which are highly discovered in bone metastasis of NSCLC. In addition, they inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). In particular, ART-glycolipid showed the most potent inhibitory effect. Therefore, we expect that ART, DHA and ART-glycolipid can inhibit metastatic ability of A549 cells and bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts by reducing secretion of matrix metalloproteinases- 9 (MMP-9) and cathepsin K activities in BMM. These results indicate that ART, DHA and ART-glycolipid may serve as useful agents for attenuating NSCLC induced bone destruction. Citation Format: Gwang-Taek Ma, Kwang-Kyun Park, Won-Yoon Chung. The effects of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin and artemisinin-glycolipid on non-small cell lung cancer induced bone destruction. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2147. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2147
Thyroid Autoimmunity in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Olga Kordonouri, Albrecht Klinghammer, Egbert B. Lang, Annette Grüters-Kieslich, Matthias Grabert, Reinhard W. Holl
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To investigate thyroid autoimmunity in a very large nationwide cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data were analyzed from 17,749 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 0.1–20 years who were treated in 118 pediatric diabetes centers in Germany and Austria. Antibodies to thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) were measured and documented at least once in 7,097 patients. A total of 49.5% of these patients were boys, the mean age was 12.4 years (range 0.3–20.0 years), and the mean duration of diabetes was 4.5 years (range 0.0–19.5 years). A titer exceeding 100 units/ml or 1:100 was considered significantly elevated. RESULTS—In 1,530 patients, thyroid antibody levels were elevated on at least one occasion, whereas 5,567 were antibody-negative during the observation period. Patients with thyroid antibodies were significantly older (P &amp;lt; 0.001), had a longer duration of diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and developed diabetes later in life (P &amp;lt; 0.001) than those without antibodies. A total of 63% of patients with positive antibodies were girls, compared with 45% of patients without antibodies (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The prevalence of significant thyroid antibody titers increased with increasing age; the highest prevalence was in the 15- to 20-year age group (anti-TPO: 16.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.001; anti-TG: 12.8%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were higher in patients with thyroid autoimmunity (3.34 μU/ml, range 0.0–615.0 μU/ml) than in control subjects (1.84 μU/ml, range 0.0–149.0 μU/ml) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Even higher TSH levels were observed in patients with both anti-TPO and anti-TG (4.55 μU/ml, range 0.0–197.0 μU/ml). CONCLUSIONS—Thyroid autoimmunity seems to be particularly common in girls with diabetes during the second decade of life and may be associated with elevated TSH levels, indicating subclinical hypothyroidism.
NSD2 Is Recruited through Its PHD Domain to Oncogenic Gene Loci to Drive Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zheng Huang, Haiping Wu, Shannon Chuai, Fiona Xu, Feng Yan, Nathan Englund, Zhaofu Wang, Hailong Zhang, Ming Fang, Youzhen Wang, Justin Gu, Man Zhang, Teddy Yang, Kehao Zhao, Yanyan Yu, Jingquan Dai, Wei Yi, Shaolian Zhou, Qian Li, Jing Wu, Jun Liu, Xu Wu, Homan Chan, Chris Lu, Peter Atadja, En Li, Yan Wang, Min Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Histone lysine methyltransferase NSD2 (WHSC1/MMSET) is overexpressed frequently in multiple myeloma due to the t(4;14) translocation associated with 15% to 20% of cases of this disease. NSD2 has been found to be involved in myelomagenesis, suggesting it may offer a novel therapeutic target. Here we show that NSD2 methyltransferase activity is crucial for clonogenicity, adherence, and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells on bone marrow stroma in vitro and that NSD2 is required for tumorigenesis of t(4;14)+ but not t(4;14)− multiple myeloma cells in vivo. The PHD domains in NSD2 were important for its cellular activity and biological function through recruiting NSD2 to its oncogenic target genes and driving their transcriptional activation. By strengthening its disease linkage and deepening insights into its mechanism of action, this study provides a strategy to therapeutically target NSD2 in multiple myeloma patients with a t(4;14) translocation. Cancer Res; 73(20); 6277–88. ©2013 AACR.
A Prospective Study of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Appendicitis
Authors: Julien B.C.M. Puylaert, Peter H. Rutgers, Roy I. Lalisang, Bas C. de Vries, Sjoerd D.J. van der Werf, Joep P.J. Dörr, Roeland A.P.R. Blok
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The diagnosis of appendicitis is frequently difficult. We studied prospectively the diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of abdominal ultrasonography in 111 consecutive patients thought to have appendicitis. Ultrasonography was performed with small high-resolution, linear-array transducers, with the abdomen compressed to displace or compress bowel and fat. Among 52 patients later shown in surgery to have appendicitis, ultrasonography was unequivocally positive in 39 (sensitivity, 75 percent). Of 31 patients in whom appendicitis was definitely excluded, none had a positive ultrasound examination (specificity, 100 percent). The sensitivity in those with a perforated appendix (28.5 percent) was much lower than in those with acute nonperforating appendicitis (80.5 percent) or appendiceal mass (89 percent), but the low sensitivity did not influence clinical management, since the need for surgery in patients with a perforated appendix was clinically obvious. Ultrasonography resulted in changes in the proposed management in 29 of the 111 patients (26 percent). It also led to the correct diagnosis in the 16 patients who were found to have a disease other than appendicitis. We conclude that ultrasonography is a useful aid in the diagnosis of appendicitis. (N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 666–9.)
Treating articular cartilage injuries of the knee in young people
Authors: S. Macmull, J A Skinner, G Bentley, R W J Carrington, T W R Briggs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points

Articular chondral and osteochondral injuries of the knee are common in people aged under 35 years, and symptomatic lesions left untreated may lead to chronic pain and disability. Patients with articular chondral injuries often have a poorer function score than those awaiting surgery for other knee disorders, such as osteoarthritis or a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament.1 Patients with articular cartilage injuries may go on to develop early onset osteoarthritis with long term morbidity and consequent high use of health service resources; successful early treatment of these lesions would probably be cost effective.

Chondral and osteochondral lesions may not be diagnosed or may present late because patients will often give a history of an apparent insignificant trauma and doctors may fail to understand the importance of an effusion in the knee joint, which always indicates joint disease.2 Radiographs of the knee may be poorly interpreted. This review discusses the diagnosis and management (conservative and surgical) of injuries to the articular cartilage of the knee and draws on published research articles and the authors’ own experience.

We searched the Cochrane database, PubMed, and Google Scholar up to December 2009. We analysed randomised controlled trials and comparison trials, as well as articles on operative technique and case series. 

Long bone articular surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage. Damage to this hyaline cartilage is known as a chondral injury or, if the underlying bone is also fractured, an osteochondral injury.

Articular cartilage is avascular and aneural, so pain would not be expected. Yet some patients with chondral lesions do present with …
ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY FOR MULTIPLE FIBROMA WITH A FIVE-MONTH GRAVID UTERUS.
Authors: GEORGE R. GREEN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

On July 13, 1900, I was asked to see a married woman 28 years of age. She was confined to bed with a temperature of 101 F., irregularly enlarged abdomen, nodular in form, but with some elasticity, circumscribed peritonitis on the left side with pain and great tenderness, so much tenderness in fact as to make abdominal palpation almost valueless. Ten years ago the patient complained of a lump in her side; it remained stationary, however, or increased very little in size. Eighteen months before my visit she had married, and thirteen months later gave evidence of pregnancy, i. e., suppression of menses, morning sickness, etc. At this time this tumor—so long known to exist—began to grow rapidly and becamevery painful, so much so that she was finally forced to keep her bed and accept the daily use of anodynes to secure rest. At the time of my visit she
Regional patterns in the incidence of aplastic anemia in Thailand
Authors: Surapol Issaragrisil, Paul E. Leaverton, Kanchana Chansung, Tharatorn Thamprasit, Yaowarat Porapakham, Sathit Vannasaeng, Anong Piankijagum, David W. Kaufman, Theresa E. Anderson, Samuel Shapiro, Neal S. Young
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The annual incidence of aplastic anemia has been determined in a rigorous and standardized epidemiologic study conducted in Thailand. A total of 374 cases were identified over a period of 3-6 years in three geographically defined and distinct regions of the country; Bangkok, Khonkaen in the northeast, and Songkla in the south. The incidence was 3.9 cases per million persons in Bangkok, 3.0 per million in Songkla, and 5.0 per million in Khonkaen. These rates are as high or higher than in any region of Europe or Israel as reported in the International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study, in which the methods and case definition were the same. Rates were stable over the course of the study. There were marked differences in incidence between northern and southern rural regions of Thailand, and among Bangkok suburbs. These differences, together with an unusual peak in the incidence among young people in Bangkok, suggest the possibility of occupational and environmental factors in the etiology of aplastic anemia.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of an intra-abdominal abscess: a new therapeutic window to the left subphrenic space
Authors: N. Rustemović, M. Opačić, T. Bates, R. Ostojić, R. Štern Padovan, R. Pulanić, B. Vucelić
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 67-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for the first time due to obstructive jaundice. Cholecystectomy and choledochotomy with T-drainage were carried out, and 6 days after the operation, an exploratory laparotomy and retroperitoneal necrosectomy were done due to acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis. One month later, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and multislice computed tomography demonstrated an encapsulated left subphrenic abscess, 10 cm in diameter (Figure [1], [2]). It was decided to carry out EUS-guided drainage, as the abscess was directly adjacent to the stomach and it was considered that EUS would provide a much shorter and safer approach. The procedure was conducted with the Giovannini drainage set and with linear-array ultrasound guidance (Figure [3]). After the drainage, the patient's fever ceased, the C-reactive protein level dropped significantly, and the white blood count showed normal values. The next day, transabdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a residual crescent-shaped abscess cavity measuring 44 × 59 mm. Six days after the drainage, a check-up endoscopy showed that the stent was patent (Figure [4]). Unfortunately, the patient died of multiple organ failure 8 days after the drainage procedure.
Genetic control of specific immune suppression. II. H-2-linked dominant genetic control of immune suppression by the random copolymer L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT).
Authors: P Debré, J A Kapp, M E Dorf, B Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Several inbred as well as congenic resistant strains of mice, which fail to respond to the random copolymer of L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT), were shown to develop specific PFC responses when stimulated by GT complexed to an immunogenic carrier such as methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA). In these studies we have found that GT preimmunization has a tolerogenic effect on the response to GT-MBSA in some mouse strains; whereas in other strains of mice, GT fails to inhibit the GT-MBSA response. We may, therefore, conclude that immune suppression cannot account for nonresponsiveness in all cases. The development of specific immune suppression in response to GT was shown to be inherited as a dominant trait in F1 hybrids resulting from the mating of suppressor with nonsuppressor strains. This trait is, therefore, under the control of a gene or genes that we have designated as specific immune suppression gene(s) Is genes. The strain distribution of GT induced suppression demonstrates that Is genes are coded for in the H-2 complex. Furthermore, immune suppression by the two related copolymers, GT and GAT, are distinct in different strains of mice. The significance of these data for our understanding of the regulation of the immune response is discussed.
The police should take the lead on protecting children from criminal abuse
Authors: D. Southall
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Lord Laming's report on the life and death of Victoria Climbie is invaluable. If implemented, his recommendations will greatly help children at risk of ill treatment in families where parents are stressed, lonely, unsupported, depressed, or living in poverty. However, where criminal abuse occurs similar tragedies may continue.

Our national and international experience of child protection led us to suggest that ill treatment be reclassified by the motive of the perpetrator and the degree of harm inflicted ( Archives of Disease in Childhood 2003;88:101-7). Parents who, for example, place burning cigarettes on their child, poison, sexually abuse, suffocate, or subject their child to prolonged physical abuse (as with Victoria Climbie) are committing criminal abuse for personal gain. We consider that the police, rather than social workers, should take responsibility for protecting these children.

Most perpetrators, knowing they are committing crimes, deceive and intimidate social and health workers who are trained to work with families . …
Effect of chronic renal failure on Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 and alpha 2 mRNA transcription in rat skeletal muscle.
Authors: S Bonilla, I A Goecke, S Bozzo, M Alvo, L Michea, E T Marusic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Previous studies have suggested that an alteration in the expression of the Na,K-ATPase of muscle may be an important determinant of enhanced insulin sensitivity in chronic renal failure. Therefore, in the present studies we have examined the effect of uremia on the Na,K-ATPase alpha isoforms in skeletal muscle, at the level of mRNA expression and enzymatic activity. The activity of the sodium pump, as measured ouabain-sensitive 86Rb/K uptake in soleus muscle, revealed a reduction in the activity in uremia, related to the increment in plasma creatinine values. The decrement in 86Rb uptake by the rat soleus muscle of experimental animals was associated with changes on Na,K-ATPase gene product. Northern analysis of mRNA revealed isoform-specific regulation of Na,K-ATPase by uremia in skeletal muscle: a decrease of approximately 50% in alpha 1 subunit Na,K-ATPase mRNA, as compared to controls. The decrement in alpha 1 mRNA correlates with the decreased activity of the Na,K-ATPase in uremia, under basal conditions and with the almost complete inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase, of uremic tissue by a concentration of 10(-5) M ouabain. Although the activity of the alpha 2 isoform pump was not modified by uremia, the 3.4-kb message for this enzyme was increased 2.2-fold; this discrepancy is discussed. Altogether these findings demonstrate that the defective extrarenal potassium handling in uremia is at least dependent in the expression of alpha 1 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase.
Medical Missionary Association of China.
Authors: C. S. F. Lincoln
Journal: JAMA (1905)

St. John's College, Shanghai, China, Feb. 14, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Medical Missionary Association of China held its annual meeting in Shanghai. Forty-two physicians were present, representing eight of the eighteen provinces, Manchuria and Formosa. The most important subject discussed was the instruction of the Chinese in scientific medicine and the means by which this is to be accomplished. The association put itself on record as favoring the establishment of medical schools in the important centers throughout the empire. Steps have also been taken to provide up-to-date textbooks in the Chinese language. For some years the association has had a committee on medical nomenclature. In 1902 this committee published a vocabulary of terms used in anatomy, histology, physiology, pharmacology and pharmacy; and in 1904 an additional list of terms in pathology, medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology was published. There is also being prepared a list of terms in materia
Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances in vitro mineralization of rat bone marrow stromal cells grown on non-woven hyaluronic acid based polymer scaffold
Authors: G. Lisignoli, N. Zini, G. Remiddi, A. Piacentini, A. Puggioli, C. Trimarchi, M. Fini, N.M. Maraldi, A. Facchini
Journal: Biomaterials (2001)