tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US lawsuit challenges teaching on evolution
Authors: Lenzer Jeanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A fierce battle over how evolution is taught in schools in the United States has resulted in a lawsuit being filed in a federal district court in Pennsylvania by eight families. They are claiming that Dover County School District is violating the separation of church and state by introducing the concept of “intelligent design” into science classes.

On 26 September the US district judge John Jones III, in the Middle District of Pennsylvania, heard opening arguments in the case. The families asked for “injunctive relief” to prevent the school district requiring all ninth grade biology teachers to read …
Major complication after Histoacryl injection for endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcer
Authors: N. Kobilica, V. Flis, V. Sojar
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 49-year-old man in hemorrhagic shock because of melena and hematemesis was referred from another hospital. On admission he was still normotensive (red cell count 2.08 × 106/μL, hemoglobin 61 g/L). He had no prior known medical condition and did not take any medication regularly. Emergency endoscopy revealed a large amount of fresh coagulated blood and bleeding from the arterial vessels in the stomach cardia. Endoscopic sclerotherapy was carried out with Sclerovein (Chemische Fabrik Kreussler & Co. GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany) and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl; B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany). After injection of 1.5 mL Histoacryl, the bleeding stopped. On day 2, the patient had fever and complained of unbearable pain in the upper abdomen. A plain abdominal radiograph showed multiple linear radiopaque densities in all branches of celiac trunk ([Fig. 1]). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a perforated gallbladder with development of gangrene, as well as multiple infarctions in spleen, left liver lobe, and the hypoperfused distal part of pancreas ([Fig. 2]). On day 7, laparotomy was carried out, and the gallbladder and spleen were removed and abdominal drains were placed. The patient stayed in the intensive care unit for several days, with total parenteral nutrition and intravenous antibiotic therapy. He then developed acute pancreatitis with an external pancreatic fistula, which was treated conservatively. He was discharged on day 36 after the surgery.
Endoscopic Hemostasis of a Bleeding Diverticulum of the Sigma with Fibrin Sealant
Authors: H.-J. Andress, A. Mewes, V. Lange
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: Endoscopic Injection Hemostasis of Colonic Diverticular Bleeding: A Case ReportEndoscopy 1990; 22(03): 154-155DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012827
Editorial Retrospective
Authors: David G. Nathan, Arthur Sytkowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

IN 1977, Stockman et al. measured erythropoietin levels in the plasma of 45 premature infants by means of a radioimmunoassay developed in the laboratory of Dr. Joseph Garcia.1 They found that the hemoglobin concentration or the oxygen-releasing capacity of the blood of premature infants correlated only roughly with the plasma erythropoietin content. They also found that fetal hemoglobin had only a slight influence on erythropoietin content. They concluded, however, that "factors that modulate the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen are important in determining the erythropoietin response." An editorial accompanying their article suggested that the failure of the erythropoietin level to . . .
Cariogenicity of Foods
Authors: Basil G. Bibby
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE INFLUENCE of the food variable on the incidence of dental caries is suggested by many different kinds of evidence. Studies of dental decay at different times, in different population groups, and of the intraoral distribution of decay are particularly illuminating.  Indirect Evidence  The relative indestructibility of teeth enables investigators to trace the occurrence of caries through the ages, and to show that changes in caries-activity are clearly related to cultural changes. In ancient Egypt, a marked caries-increase in the fourth dynasty can be associated with the introduction of wheat as a principal source of carbohydrate. In early Greece and England, parallels can be drawn between caries-activity and cultural and dietary changes. In later years, particularly in England and West European countries, there was a sharp increase in caries activity after the development of sugar trade with the New World. More recently, in both the first and second World
Confusion with Coumadin® Tablets
Authors: HOWARD FORMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1978Confusion with Coumadin® TabletsHOWARD FORMAN, PHARM.D., JOEL OWERBACH, PHARM.D., CHRISTINE A. SCZUPAK, PHARM.D.HOWARD FORMAN, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOEL OWERBACH, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this author, CHRISTINE A. SCZUPAK, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-3-431_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recently we wrote to Endo Laboratories pointing out the similarity in color of the 2.5-mg "orange" and 5-mg "peach" Coumadin® tablets. We were especially concerned that this similarity led to difficulties in obtaining an accurate drug history from patients. Patients are often confused when dosage adjustments are made, with both tablets. The reply from Endo was that "each color is distinctive," neither pharmacists nor patients "have difficulty in distinguishing between the two tablets," and "a mere glance at the tablet would indicate the strength." Not satisfied with this response, we conducted an impromptu survey of patients being... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HOWARD FORMAN, PHARM.D.; JOEL OWERBACH, PHARM.D.; CHRISTINE A. SCZUPAK, PHARM.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEVALUATION OF A PHARMACIST-MANAGED ANTICOAGULATION CLINICOutpatient oral anticoagulation 1 March 1978Volume 88, Issue 3 Page: 431-431 Keywords Drugs Pharmacists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Toward a 21st-Century Health Care System: The Devil Is in the Details
Authors: Lester Mayers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters1 September 2009Toward a 21st-Century Health Care System: The Devil Is in the DetailsLester Mayers, MDLester Mayers, MDFrom Pace University, Pleasantville, NY 10570.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Concerning the article by Arrow and colleagues (1), I am surprised that they did not suggest tort liability relief for all health care providers. During my 40-year career in medical practice, departmental administration, and medical and hospital malpractice claims review, I have observed that at least 10% to 15% of medical costs result from malpractice-liability insurance and “defensive medicine” practices. Meaningful reform will not be affordable if these costs are ignored.Lester Mayers, MDPace UniversityPleasantville, NY 10570Reference1. Arrow K, Auerbach A, Bertko J, Brownlee S, Casalino LP, Cooper J, et al. Toward a 21st-century health care system: recommendations for health care reform. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:493-5. [PMID: 19258550] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lester Mayers, MDAffiliations: From Pace University, Pleasantville, NY 10570.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoToward a 21st-Century Health Care System: Recommendations for Health Care Reform Kenneth Arrow , Alan Auerbach , John Bertko , Shannon Brownlee , Lawrence P. Casalino , Jim Cooper , Francis J. Crosson , Alain Enthoven , Elizabeth Falcone , Robert C. Feldman , Victor R. Fuchs , Alan M. Garber , Marthe R. Gold , Dana Goldman , Gillian K. Hadfield , Mark A. Hall , Ralph I. Horwitz , Michael Hooven , Peter D. Jacobson , Timothy Stoltzfus Jost , Lawrence J. Kotlikoff , Jonathan Levin , Sharon Levine , Richard Levy , Karen Linscott , Harold S. Luft , Robert Mashal , Daniel McFadden , David Mechanic , David Meltzer , Joseph P. Newhouse , Roger G. Noll , Jan B. Pietzsch , Philip Pizzo , Robert D. Reischauer , Sara Rosenbaum , William Sage , Leonard D. Schaeffer , Edward Sheen , B. Michael Silber , Jonathan Skinner , Stephen M. Shortell , Samuel O. Thier , Sean Tunis , Lucien Wulsin Jr. , Paul Yock , Gabi Bin Nun , Stirling Bryan , Osnat Luxenburg , and Wynand P.M.M. van de Ven Toward a 21st-Century Health Care System: The Devil Is in the Details Robert M. Hansen Toward a 21st-Century Health Care System: The Devil Is in the Details Umesh Gidwani Toward a 21st-Century Health Care System: The Devil Is in the Details Philip Cohen Metrics 1 September 2009Volume 151, Issue 5 Page: 366 Keywords Conflicts of interest Health care Health care providers Hospital medicine ePublished: 1 September 2009 Issue Published: 1 September 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Relationship of glucagon suppression by insulin and somatostatin to the ambient glucose concentration.
Authors: A Starke, T Imamura, R H Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The glucagon-suppressing activity of insulin and somatostatin were compared at high and low glucose concentrations. In normal dogs made hyperglucagonemic by phloridzin pretreatment, insulin and somatostatin suppressed glucagon at rates of 47 +/- 8 and 35 +/- 8%/h (NS), respectively, despite profound hypoglycemia. In severely hyperglycemic alloxan-diabetic dogs, insulin and somatostatin suppressed glucagon at rates of 48 +/- 13 and 54 +/- 6%/h, respectively, not different from the nondiabetic dogs. After phloridzin pretreatment to eliminate hyperglycemia in the diabetic dogs, insulin and somatostatin suppressed 51 +/- 8 and 31 +/- 10%/h (NS), respectively. Glucose infused in the phloridzin-pretreated insulin-deprived group suppressed glucagon only partially; insulin was required to reduce it further. We conclude that insulin and somatostatin suppress glucagon at similar rates irrespective of ambient glucose levels, and that diabetic hyperglucagonemia represents the summation of stimulation by insulin lack minus suppression by the associated hyperglycemia.
123I-βMIHA-SPECT detection of viable tissue in myocardial segments with persistent defects at TI 201 SPECT, in patients with a first Q waves myocardial infarction
Authors: Jean Eric Wolf, Daniel Fagret, Elisabeth Borrel, Cécile Rocca, Bernard Bertrand, Jacques Machecourt, Michel Cornet, Bernard Denis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Contribution of polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV cluster to hyperlipidaemia in patients with gout
Authors: F Cardona
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Studies have shown that hyperuricaemia is independently related to the insulin resistance syndrome and that polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV cluster are also related to insulin resistance. <b>Objective:</b> To study the prevalence of polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV cluster in persons with gout and to determine whether these polymorphisms contribute to the pathophysiology of gout or to altered lipid concentrations. <b>Methods:</b> Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, VLDL, LDL, IDL, and HDL triglycerides, cholesterol, and the renal excretion of uric acid were measured in 68 patients with gout with gout and 165 healthy subjects. Polymorphisms were studied by amplification and RFLP in all subjects, using XmnI and MspI in the apolipoprotein AI gene and SstI in the apolipoprotein CIII gene. <b>Results:</b> The A allele at position −75 bp in the apolipoprotein AI gene was more common in patients with gout than in controls (p = 0.01). Levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, basal glycaemia, and HDL cholesterol were higher in the patients (p&lt;0.001). In the patients there was also an interaction between mutations at the two polymorphic loci studied in the apolipoprotein AI gene (p = 0.04). An absence of the mutation at position −75 bp of the apolipoprotein AI gene resulted in increased plasma triglyceride levels. <b>Conclusions:</b> Gouty patients have an altered allelic distribution in the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV cluster, which could lead to changes in levels of lipoproteins. This is not caused by a single mutation but rather by a combination of different mutations.
Use of Satellite Observations for Long-Term Exposure Assessment of Global Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter
Authors: Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall V. Martin, Michael Brauer, Brian L. Boys
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

More than a decade of satellite observations offers global information about the trend and magnitude of human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5).In this study, we developed improved global exposure estimates of ambient PM2.5 mass and trend using PM2.5 concentrations inferred from multiple satellite instruments.We combined three satellite-derived PM2.5 sources to produce global PM2.5 estimates at about 10 km × 10 km from 1998 through 2012. For each source, we related total column retrievals of aerosol optical depth to near-ground PM2.5 using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to represent local aerosol optical properties and vertical profiles. We collected 210 global ground-based PM2.5 observations from the literature to evaluate our satellite-based estimates with values measured in areas other than North America and Europe.We estimated that global population-weighted ambient PM2.5 concentrations increased 0.55 μg/m3/year (95% CI: 0.43, 0.67) (2.1%/year; 95% CI: 1.6, 2.6) from 1998 through 2012. Increasing PM2.5 in some developing regions drove this global change, despite decreasing PM2.5 in some developed regions. The estimated proportion of the population of East Asia living above the World Health Organization (WHO) Interim Target-1 of 35 μg/m3 increased from 51% in 1998-2000 to 70% in 2010-2012. In contrast, the North American proportion above the WHO Air Quality Guideline of 10 μg/m3 fell from 62% in 1998-2000 to 19% in 2010-2012. We found significant agreement between satellite-derived estimates and ground-based measurements outside North America and Europe (r = 0.81; n = 210; slope = 0.68). The low bias in satellite-derived estimates suggests that true global concentrations could be even greater.Satellite observations provide insight into global long-term changes in ambient PM2.5 concentrations. Satellite-derived estimates and ground-based PM2.5 observations from this study are available for public use.
Magnesium Deficiency in Patients on Long-Term Diuretic Therapy for Heart Failure
Authors: P. Lim, E. Jacob
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Magnesium levels in serum, erythrocytes, skeletal muscle, and bone were measured in 10 patients with valvular heart disease who had received diuretic therapy for heart failure for an average of 3.3 years. Five patients were found to have diminished values for skeletal muscle, indicating significant magnesium deficit. Values for erythrocytes were low in only two of the five patients, and none had low values for serum ultrafiltrate and bone: Magnesium replacement therapy restored skeletal muscle values to normal. Clinical features consistent with the presence of magnesium deficiency were found in all five magnesium-deficient patients. These features were, with few exceptions, corrected by magnesium replacement. The latter also corrected low skeletal muscle potassium values present in all five patients with low skeletal muscle magnesium, four of whom showed clinical features of digoxin poisoning before magnesium therapy was given. Concomitant secondary aldosteronism, inadequate dietary intake, and digoxin therapy had probably augmented the magnesium loss due to diuretic therapy.
Effect of long term treatment with salmeterol on asthma control: a double blind, randomised crossover study
Authors: P. Wilding, M. Clark, J. T. Coon, S. Lewis, L. Rushton, J. Bennett, J. Oborne, S. Cooper, A. E Tattersfield
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the effect of adding salmeterol 50 μg twice daily for six months to current treatment in subjects with asthma who control their inhaled corticosteroid dose according to a management plan. <b>Design:</b> A double blind, randomised crossover study. <b>Setting:</b> Nottingham. <b>Subjects:</b> 101 subjects with mild or moderate asthma taking at least 200 μg twice daily of beclomethasone dipropionate or budesonide. <b>Interventions:</b> Salmeterol 50 μg twice daily and placebo for six months each, with a one month washout. Subjects adjusted inhaled steroid dose according to guidelines. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Reduction in inhaled steroid use, exacerbations of asthma, and use of oral steroids. <b>Results:</b> Data were available for 87 subjects. When compared with placebo salmeterol treatment was associated with a 17% reduction in inhaled steroid use (95% confidence interval 12% to 22%) with no significant difference in the number of subjects who had an exacerbation (placebo 25%, salmeterol 16%) or use of oral steroids. For secondary end points salmeterol treatment was associated with higher morning and evening peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory volume in one second; a reduction in symptoms, bronchodilator use, and airway responsiveness to methacholine; and no effect on serum potassium concentration, 24 hour heart rate, or the final forced expiratory volume in one second achieved during a salbutamol dose-response study. <b>Conclusions:</b> In subjects who adjusted their inhaled steroid treatment according to guidelines the addition of salmeterol 50 μg twice daily was associated with a reduction in inhaled steroid use and improved lung function and symptom control. <h3>Key messages</h3> One hundred and one subjects with mild or moderate asthma took salmeterol 50 μg and placebo for six months each in a crossover study Subjects adjusted their inhaled steroid dose according to a management plan based on peak flow recordings and symptoms The dose of inhaled steroids was reduced by 17% with salmeterol, with no change in exacerbations or use of oral steroids Despite the reduction in inhaled steroid dose, salmeterol was associated with bronchodilatation and a reduction in symptoms The efficacy of salmeterol was maintained over the six months
Isoliquiritigenin Inhibits the Growth of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Motohiro Kanazawa, Yoshiko Satomi, Yoichi Mizutani, Osamu Ukimura, Akihiro Kawauchi, Toshiyuki Sakai, Masaki Baba, Toru Okuyama, Hoyoku Nishino, Tsuneharu Miki
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Serial Changes in the Prevalence of Islet Cell Antibodies and Islet Cell Antibody Titer in Children With IDDM of Abrupt or Slow Onset
Authors: Tatsuhiko Urakami, Yukinobu Miyamoto, Hiroko Matsunaga, Misao Owada, Teruo Kitagawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the significance of clinical and immunogenic heterogeneity in Japanese children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serial changes in the prevalence of islet cell antibodies (ICAs) and in ICA titer were monitored for 10 years after diagnosis in 34 IDDM children, 17 with abrupt onset and 17 with slow onset, whose durations of disease were &amp;gt; 5 years. RESULTS In slow-onset IDDM children, enough β-cell function was maintained in the early phase of the disease within 2 years after diagnosis. There was a high prevalence of ICAs in children with both forms of IDDM at the time of diagnosis (abrupt onset 94% slow onset 82%). However, the decline in the frequency of ICAs in slow-onset IDDM seemed less marked than in abrupt-onset IDDM after a duration of ≥ 1 year (47 vs. 82%, 1–3 years; 24 vs. 47%, 3–5 years; 24 vs. 47%, 5–7 years; 18 vs. 53%, 7–10 years, P &amp;lt; 0.05). In terms of changes in ICA titer, abrupt-onset IDDM children initially had high ICA levels of 160–320 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units (JDF U), but these titers decreased rapidly after the 1st year. On the other hand, slow-onset IDDM children tended to continue to be ICA+ for a relatively long period with low titers of 20–40 JDF U. Among 12 children who remained ICA+ for &amp;gt; 5 years, slow onset was noted in 67% while abrupt onset was seen in only 33%. CONCLUSIONS From these results, we speculated that changes in ICA titer reflect the slow autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. It may be probable that immunogenic factors as well as environmental factors could affect the clinical features in the early phase of IDDM in children.
Spectinomycin and Cholestatic Jaundice
Authors: DONALD R. SKILLMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1985Spectinomycin and Cholestatic JaundiceDONALD R. SKILLMAN, M.D., MARC K. TAORMINA, M.D.DONALD R. SKILLMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARC K. TAORMINA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-805_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Numerous medications have been implicated as occasionally causing cholestatic jaundice, including the anti-infectious agents thiabendazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, and erythromycin estolate (1-3). We report a case of cholestatic jaundice associated with a single injection of spectinomycin.A 20-year-old black serviceman in Okinawa had contracted gonococcal urethritis. He had no other medical problems, did not smoke, use illicit drugs, or drink excessively. He was taking no prescribed medications and had never before had a sexually transmitted disease. His therapy consisted of a single deep intramuscular injection of 2.0 g of spectinomycin (Trobicin; Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan). About...References1. ZIMMERMAN H. Drug induced liver disease. Drugs. 1978;16:25-45. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. DIEHL A, LATHAM P, BOITNOTT J, MANN J, and MADDREY P. Cholestatic hepatitis from erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Am J Med. 1984;76:931-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ABI-MANSUR P, ARDIACA M, ALLAM C, and SHAMMA'A M. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced cholestasis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1981;76:356-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DONALD R. SKILLMAN, M.D.; MARC K. TAORMINA, M.D.Affiliations: Tripler Army Medical Center Honolulu, HI 96859 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTetraciclinas, fenicoles, lincosamidas, polimixinas, espectinomicina, fosfomicina 1 November 1985Volume 103, Issue 5Page: 805-806KeywordsChloramphenicolDrugsErythromycinIntramuscular injectionsSexually transmitted diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...