tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of human exposure to polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins.
Authors: C Rappe, M Nygren, S Marklund, L O Keller, P A Bergqvist, M Hansson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Fires, explosions and other accidents in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-filled equipment can result in possible exposure of firemen, cleaning personnel and regular workers. Inhalation, dermal exposure and ingestion are the possible routes of exposure. An indirect assessment of the exposure can be made by analyses of wipes, air and water samples and clothes. A direct assessment of exposure can be made by analyses of blood samples, adipose and other tissue samples, feces and bile.
Platelet survival time following aortic valve replacement.
Authors: P Steele, H Weily, H Davies, G Ppppas, E Genton
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Thromboembolism continues to complicate the course of patients following aortic valve replacement. In patients with prosthetic and homograft mitral valves, platelet survival time has been shown to correlate with occurrence of thromboembolism. This study extends these observations to patients with aortic valve disease. Platelet survival time was measured (by the chromium-51 method) in 73 patients with aortic valve disease. Eighteen patients were studied preoperatively and had platelet survival times of 3.4 plus or minus 0.14 days (mean plus or minus standard error of the mean), almost the same as normal (3.7 plus or minus 0.4 days). Platelet survival time was shortened (P less than 0.001) following aortic valve replacement with Starr-Edwards prosthesis - Model 1000: 2.5 plus or minus 0.13 days (N = 6); Model 1200-1260: 3.0 plus or minus 0.10 (n = 14); model 2300-2320: 3.0 plus or minus 0.15 days (N = 9) - and with stented aortic homografts: 3.0 plus or minus 0.10 days (N = 16). Platelet survival time was normal following aortic valve replacement in patients with directly sewn aortic homografts 3.7 dats plus or minus 0.24 days (N = 10). Eleven patients with Starr-Edwards prostheses had a history of thromboembolism and all also showed shortened platelet survival time (2.7 plus or minus 0.12 days, P less than 0.001), a measurement which was significantly different (P less than 0.01) from the 18 patients with Starr-Edwards prostheses and no thromboembolism (3.0 plus or minus 0.09 days). Platelet suppressant therapy prolonged platelet survival in eight patients with Starr-Edwards devices, thromboembolism, and shortened platelet survival time. These results suggest that insertion of Starr-Edwards valves and stented aortic homografts alter platelet survival time but that direct homografts do not. A correlation between occurrence of thromboembolism after aortic valve replacement and shortened platelet survival time has been shown.
Lymphocytic Reaction to Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Longer Survival, Independent of Lymph Node Count, Microsatellite Instability, and CpG Island Methylator Phenotype
Authors: Shuji Ogino, Katsuhiko Nosho, Natsumi Irahara, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Yoshifumi Baba, Kaori Shima, Jonathan N. Glickman, Cristina R. Ferrone, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Noriko Tanaka, Glenn Dranoff, Edward L. Giovannucci, Charles S. Fuchs
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Host immune response to tumor may be an important prognostic factor for colon cancer patients. However, little is known on prognostic significance of histopathologic lymphoid reaction to tumor, independent of the number of lymph nodes examined and tumoral molecular alterations, including microsatellite instability (MSI) and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), both of which are associated with lymphocytic reaction and clinical outcome. Experimental Design: Using 843 colorectal cancer patients in two independent prospective cohorts, we examined patient prognosis in relation to four components of lymphocytic reaction (i.e., Crohn's-like reaction, peritumoral reaction, intratumoral periglandular reaction, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) and overall lymphocytic score (0-12). CIMP was determined using eight markers including CACNA1G, CDKN2A (p16), CRABP1, IGF2, MLH1, NEUROG1, RUNX3, and SOCS1. Cox proportional hazard models computed hazard ratio for mortality, adjusted for covariates including tumor stage, body mass index, lymph node count, KRAS, BRAF, p53, cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2), MSI, CIMP, and LINE-1 methylation. Results: Increasing overall lymphocytic reaction score including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was associated with a significant improvement in colorectal cancer–specific and overall survival (log-rank P &amp;lt; 0.003). These findings remained significant (adjusted hazard ratio estimates, 0.49-0.71; Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.009) in multivariate models that adjusted for covariates, including body mass index, MSI, CIMP, LINE-1 hypomethylation, and cyclooxygenase-2. The beneficial effect of tumoral lymphocytic reaction was consistent across strata of clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics. Conclusions: Lymphocytic reactions to tumor were associated with improved prognosis among colorectal cancer patients, independent of lymph node count and other clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(20):6412–20)
Rugby injury surveillance and prevention programmes: are they effective?
Authors: A. Freitag, G. Kirkwood, A. M. Pollock
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Despite the high rates of injury in rugby, the UK government plans to focus on increasing participation in the sport in schools. <b>Andreas Freitag</b>, <b>Graham Kirkwood</b>, and <b>Allyson Pollock</b> discuss whether surveillance and prevention programmes from around the world have reduced rugby injuries
Thirty-five Years in the Tower
Authors: Marjorie Price Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>Thirty-five Years in the Tower</i>gives us a brief but very personal and intimate view of the author's perception of academic medicine. He is critical but not strident. His descriptions of the "cast of characters"—the faculty, the students, the administration, and the bureaucracy—as individuals or as groups reflect the conclusions most of us would share. His general thesis is that academic medicine, because of the nature of its calling, should be better than it is. But, since it is made up of the usual range of humankind, the participants are as naturally flawed as any other group of men and women, no more, no less. One does not get the impression of bitterness or cynicism, since he always concludes that there are "good guys" in every category who are trying to make it all work. The author is searching for compassion, honor, scholarship, dignity, and devotion in those who would
Chi Kai Koo
Authors: J. Kirk, I. Abdelhadi
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Chi Kai Koo was born in Hong Kong to a hard working family that had fled from China in 1949. Known universally as Koo, he qualified at Liverpool University Medical School. Membership of the Royal College of Physicians followed in 1993, and he then trained as a radiologist in Glasgow. He joined Darent …
Histiocytosis-X
Authors: Michael E. Osband, Jeffrey M. Lipton, Philip Lavin, Raphael Levey, Gordon Vawter, Joel S. Greenberger, Ronald P. McCaffrey, Robertson Parkman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Twelve of 17 patients with histiocytosis-X were immunologically abnormal, as shown by the presence of circulating lymphocytes spontaneously cytotoxic to cultured human fibroblasts or of antibody to autologous erythrocytes. The patients also had a notable lack of histamine H2 surface receptors on their T lymphocytes, suggesting a suppressor-cell deficiency. The lymphocyte abnormalities were reversed in vitro after incubation in a crude extract of calf thymus gland, and therefore all 17 patients were treated with daily intramuscular injections of this extract. With this therapy, 10 patients entered complete remission -- a response at least as good as that observed in historical controls treated with chemotherapy. A positive clinical response was associated with an increase in the number of T-cell histamine H2 receptors to normal levels and with correction of the other immunologic abnormalities. The results of this preliminary study justify a larger prospective clinical trial of thymic extract and further investigation of the immunoregulatory mechanisms in histiocytosis-X.
Abstract B03: Identification of R-spondin fusions in NSCLC.
Authors: Jayaprakash Karkera, Gabriela Martinez, Katherine Bell, Joseph Portale, Dana Gaffney, Matthew V. Lorenzi, Suso Platero
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Autocrine Wnt signaling has been reported in a significant fraction of NSCLC. The R-spondin (RSPO) protein family is a small family of four secreted growth factors. The four paralogs share 40–60% pairwise amino acid sequence identity and are predicted to share substantial structural homologies. RSPO proteins are involved in vertebrate development and their ligand-type activities overlap substantially with those of canonical Wnt ligands. A characteristic feature of all four RSPO members is their ability to activate β-catenin signaling and enhance WNT-mediated β-catenin activation. It has recently been described that recurrent gene fusions involving RSPO family members of RSPO2 and RSPO3 that occur in ~10% of colon tumors and are mutually exclusive with other WNT pathway genetic alterations. In this study we developed a TaqMan qRT-PCR-based approach to evaluate systematically the expression of these three (3) RSPO fusion transcripts in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPET) samples. We examined 324 NSCLC samples that included 197 squamous and 127 adenocarcinoma subtypes for the presence of EIF3E(e1)-RSPO2(e1), PTPRK(e1)-RSPO3(e2), PTPRK(e7)-RSPO3(e2). EIF3E(e1)-RSPO2(e1) was identified in 1% and this fusion transcript is expected to produce a functional RSPO2 protein driven by the EIF3E promoter. The PTPRK(e1)–RSPO3(e2) transcript found in 2% and is an in-frame fusion that preserves the entire coding sequence of RSPO3 and replaces its secretion signal sequence with that of PTPRK. Interestingly, all the fusions were detected only in the squamous subtype of NSCLC. These findings suggest an important role for dysregulated Wnt-β-catenin signaling in lung cancer and identify a new driver segment in NSCLC for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Jayaprakash Karkera, Gabriela Martinez, Katherine Bell, Joseph Portale, Dana Gaffney, Matthew V. Lorenzi, Suso Platero. Identification of R-spondin fusions in NSCLC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr B03.
Pressure and prolapse--the cause of solitary rectal ulceration.
Authors: N R Womack, N S Williams, J H Holmfield, J F Morrison
Journal: Gut (1987)

Animals often listen selectively for particular sounds, a strategy that could alter neural encoding mechanisms to maximize the ability to detect the target. Here, we recorded auditory cortex neuron responses in well trained, freely moving gerbils as they performed a tone detection task. Each trial was initiated by the animal, providing a predictable time window during which to listen. No sound was presented on nogo trials, permitting us to assess spontaneous activity on trials in which a signal could have been expected, but was not delivered. Immediately after animals initiated a trial, auditory cortex neurons displayed a 26% reduction in spontaneous activity. Moreover, when stimulus-driven discharge rate was referenced to this reduced baseline, a larger fraction of auditory cortex neurons displayed a detection threshold within 10 dB of the behavioral threshold. These findings suggest that auditory cortex spontaneous discharge rate can be modulated transiently during task performance, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and enhancing signal detection.
Protecting breast feeding from breast milk substitutes
Authors: H. Marcovitch, M. Lynch, K. Dodd, A. Costello, H. S Sachdev, M. Broadfoot, J. Britten, P. Buchanan, K. Hogg, C. Lamont, M. Sachs, J. Rothman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—In its submission to the Acheson inquiry on poverty and health (the findings of which are expected to be published in autumn 1998) the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health proposed interventions to increase the number of women breast feeding their babies. At the college’s 1998 annual general meeting Unicef accepted an invitation to set up a stand at the trade exhibition to provide information on its baby friendly initiative, which was designed to help establish breast feeding and was launched in 1991. Also at that meeting members and fellows reaffirmed their unequivocal support for the practice and promotion of breast feeding in a policy statement. This was policy states that “women should be encouraged to practice exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4-6 months of their infant’s life. Thereafter, infants should be enabled to breastfeed while receiving appropriate and adequate weaning food for as long as this meets with their mothers’ wishes and convenience.”1

Therefore, we were surprised and disappointed to read some of the sentiments expressed in the editorial by Costello and Sachdev on encouraging breast feeding which reminded doctors that manufacturers of infant milk substitutes may attempt to seek “endorsement by association” or “passivity towards their products.”2 They cited as examples the failure of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health to join the interagency group on monitoring breast feeding and the fact that the college accepts research funds from manufacturers of breast milk substitutes. In fact, the college declined to join the group not because it was opposed to its aims but because of legitimate concerns about the proposed research methodology.

The college takes the issue of commercial sponsorship seriously, not only in the area of breast milk substitutes. At the 1997 annual general meeting the college’s ethics committee was asked to investigate the marketing of breast milk substitutes and provide recommendations for action. Its report will be ready later this year. In the meantime no further research funding or donations have been or will be accepted from manufacturers of infant formula.
Renal vein thrombosis, nephrotic syndrome, and focal lupus glomerulonephritis.
Authors: V Gutierrez Millet, G Usera, J M Alcazar de la Ossa, L M Ruilope, M T Ortuno, J L Rodicio
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Desmopressin urine concentration testFormerly intramuscular injection of vasopressin tannate in oil provided a useful and convenient means of assessing urine concentrating ability,' although it was a less potent stimulus than fluid deprivation.'Because vasopressin tannate in oil is now no longer manufactured another practical test of concentrating ability must be defined.We describe an investigation of the use of 1-diamino,8-D-arginine vaso- pressin, desmopressin (DDAVP, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd), by intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) administration to test urine concentrating ability in adults, firstly in an overnight test and then in a shorter day test using only IN desmopressin.The desmopressin day test is simpler and as useful as the conventional overnight vaso- pressin test.
The Patient and the Record
Authors: Don R. Lipsitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The chart rack at the nurses' station is the locus of almost unparalleled activity and interest in the general hospital. Morning rounds customarily begin there with a hasty chart review. Loose-leaf binders open and close virtually hundreds of times a day to receive notes and myriad other entries. To this action one can add use of charts for clinical presentations, teaching exercises, recording of vital signs, countersigning of notes, and other chart-related rituals. Ultimately, charts are summarized, organized, and readied for quality-assurance technicians, third-party reimbursers, and others whose relation to patients justifies traffic with documentation of their hospitalization and medical . . .
Comparison of the effects of desloratadine 5‐mg daily and placebo on nasal airflow and seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms induced by grass pollen exposure
Authors: F. Horak, P. Stübner, R. Zieglmeyer, A. G. Harris
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Nasal congestion is a chronic symptom of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) that is often difficult to treat with antihistamines. Desloratadine, a new, potent, H 1 ‐receptor antagonist has been shown to decrease nasal congestion in clinical trials and to maintain nasal airflow in response to grass pollen exposure. We compared the effects of desloratadine 5 mg and placebo on nasal airflow, nasal secretion weights and SAR symptoms, including nasal congestion, in patients exposed to grass pollen in an environmental exposure unit. Methods: Forty‐six grass pollen allergic SAR patients received desloratadine or placebo for 7 days, followed by a 10‐day washout, and then crossed over to the other treatment for 7 days. A 6‐h allergen exposure was performed at the end of each treatment period. Results: Desloratadine was significantly superior to placebo in maintaining nasal airflow ( P ≤ 0.014) and lessening the increase in nasal secretion weights ( P &lt; 0.001) throughout allergen exposure. SAR symptom scores, including nasal congestion, were significantly less with desloratadine than placebo ( P ≤ 0.001). Desloratadine was well tolerated. Conclusions: This study confirms that, compared with placebo, desloratadine can maintain nasal airflow and reduce nasal secretion weights and the severity of SAR symptoms, including nasal congestion, in SAR patients exposed to grass pollen allergen.
Abstract 4218: Guggulsterone controls isomer-specifically TPA-induced MMP-9 expressions of MCF-7 cells: Identification of the cooperative combination of guggulsterone isomers in inhibition of breast cancer invasiveness
Authors: Jong-Suk Kim, Eun-Mi Noh, Jeong-Mi Kim, Young-Rae Lee, Hyun Jo Youn, Sung Hoo Jung, Soo Mi Kim, Jinny Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Guggulsterone [4,17(20)-pregnadiene-3,16-dione], a constituent of Commiphora mukul, is used to treat obesity, diabetes, arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Recently it has been known that guggulesterone isomers (trans or cis) show isomer-specificity in their antileukemic activities in leukemia cells. Here, we investigated whether guggulsterone isomers differently control 12-O-tetradecanoylpho-bol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MMP-9 expression, and then the combination of these isomers cooperatively inhibits breast cancer invasiveness. Cis-guggulsterone inhibited TPA-induced MMP expression through blocking NF-κB signaling, whereas trans-guggulsterone through blocking MAPK/AP-1 signaling. Cis-guggulsterone was the more potent than trans-guggulsterone in inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion of MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, we found that the combination of these isomers showed addictive effects on inhibition of cell invasion of MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that guggulesterone controls isomer-specifically TPA-induced MMP-9 expressions and cell invasions of MCF-7 cells. This study is the first to show that combination of guggulsterone isomers might be known as a potential strategy for the medical treatment of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4218. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4218
Interesting Appearance of Osseous Hemangioma of the Calcaneus on Bone Scintigraphy: Correlative Imaging With Radiography CT and MRI
Authors: Nir Hod, Isaac Ashkenazi, Israel Cohen, Michel Somekh, Jacob Bickels
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Hemangioma of bone is a benign lesion with variable appearance on bone scintigraphy, from photopenia to a moderate increased tracer uptake. The common sites of involvement of hemangioma of bone are the vertebrae and the calvarium, locations accounting for at least 70% of cases. Some hemangiomas occur in the long bones, of which the tibia is the most common location. The authors present a rare case of hemangioma of bone located in the calcaneus with scintigraphic, radiographic, CT, and MRI correlation.
Combination of local, nonviral IL12 gene therapy and systemic paclitaxel treatment in a metastatic breast cancer model
Authors: Margit Maria Janát-Amsbury, James W Yockman, Minhyung Lee, Steven Kern, Darin Y Furgeson, Malavosklish Bikram, Sung Wan Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Repeated, local, nonviral IL12 (interleukin-12) gene delivery decreased tumor progression and increased immunogenicity. We combined our IL12 gene delivery with systemic paclitaxel chemotherapy as a treatment for paclitaxel (PCT)-resistant 4T1 subcutaneous mouse mammary carcinomas and PCT-sensitive, immunogenic/nonimmunogenic tumors. We mixed PCT with either a biodegradable polymeric solubilizer, HySolv, or Cremophor EL for bimonthly systemic treatments and injected water-soluble lipopolymer (WSLP)/p2CMVmIL-12 (plasmid encoding IL12 gene) complexes locally every week. We compared treated subcutaneous tumor volume and lung metastasis with controls. HySolv alone performed better compared to Cremophor EL in combination with WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12. We showed inhibition of 4T1 tumor growth and lung metastases in the combined WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12/HySolv group compared to the controls and the paclitaxel-only treated groups. In parallel experiments we also demonstrated additive responses for tumor growth and number of lung metastases within other PCT-sensitive mammary tumor models using this combination strategy. Our combination therapy provides evidence for the efficacy and feasibility of improved drug delivery systems. Local cytokine gene delivery can augment local and systemic chemotherapy without placing the host at risk for further systemic toxicity.
Letter: Tapeworms and isolation.
Authors: F J Wright
Journal: BMJ (1974)

24 August, p. 520) by our suggestion that beta-adrenergic blocking agents should not be used in patients with moderately severe renal failure (27 April, p. 193).They refer to a previous publication' to show that temporary deterioration in renal function in such patients may occur with the introduction of any hypotensive drug.Their evidence appears to be based on experience with one patient with malignant hypertension who was given 6 different drugs, and is not relevant to the cases described by us.We refer Drs.Kincaid-Smith and Hua to our paper, where they will find that the maximum change in diastolic blood pressure in any of the three cases was 10 mm Hg during the period that renal function deteri- orated.Their comments do not shed any light on the mechanism of the events we described.Drs. Kincaid-Smith and Hua will no doubt agree that renal function should be moni- tored during the course of therapy with hypotensive drugs in patients with renal failure.Our exoerience leads us to suggest that this may be especially important when beta-blocking drugs are prescribed and needs to be emphasized now that these agents are being so forcefully promoted in general prac- tice.-Weare, etc.,