tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of fatty-acid metabolism by pancreatic hormones in cultured human hepatocytes
Authors: Corinne Vons, Jean-Paul Pegorier, Jean Girard, Claude Kohl, Marie-Agnès Ivanov, Dominique Franco
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effects of pancreatic hormones and cyclic AMP on long-chain fatty-acid metabolism were investigated in human hepatocytes isolated from 12 liver biopsy specimens and cultured for 4 days in an insulin-free medium. Glucagon (10(-6) mol/L) increased endogenous ketone body production by 150%. This resulted from alterations in the partition of long-chain fatty acids from esterification toward oxidation. Glucagon or cyclic AMP enhanced (14C) oleate oxidation (basal = 45.8% +/- 5.0%; glucagon = 66.8% +/- 5.3%; cyclic AMP = 67.6% +/- 5.0% of metabolized oleate) at the expense of oleate esterification. Insulin (10(-7) mol/L) antagonized the glucagon-induced oleate oxidation. After 24 hr in basal culture conditions, the rate of lipogenesis decreased to the same low rate as in glucagon-treated cells. The presence of insulin did not restore a high rate of lipogenesis. These results are the first direct evidence of a control of ketone body production by glucagon in the human liver.
Literature and Medicine, vol 8: The Cultures of Medicine
Authors: Helle Mathiasen
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The 1989 edition of<i>Literature and Medicine</i>(volume 8) deals primarily with one of the most discussed current topics, the mind/body interaction. This volume contains ten scholarly essays, one short story, one poem, and its usual complement of book reviews. The editor of the series is Anne Hudson Jones; this particular volume is edited by Kathryn Allen Rabuzzi and Robert W. Daly. The scholarly essays cover a number of wide-ranging and eclectic topics from spirit possession, Buddhism, and healing in Japanese literature to the Navajo Night Chant prayer ceremony. Some of the essays are easily approachable for the reader without a PhD in the humanities, while others will seem obscure to the average physician reader. Fortunately for medical personnel interested in the relationship between medicine and the humanities, most of the offerings in this slim volume are both approachable and rich in ideas. They offerfurther evidence that the study of
Doppler Ultrasonography versus Amniocentesis to Predict Fetal Anemia
Authors: Dick Oepkes, P. Gareth Seaward, Frank P.H.A. Vandenbussche, Rory Windrim, John Kingdom, Joseph Beyene, Humphrey H.H. Kanhai, Arne Ohlsson, Greg Ryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Pregnancies complicated by Rh alloimmunization have been evaluated with the use of serial invasive amniocentesis to determine bilirubin levels by measuring in the amniotic fluid the change in optical density at a wavelength of 450 nm (DeltaOD450); however, this procedure carries risks. Noninvasive Doppler ultrasonographic measurement of the peak velocity of systolic blood flow in the middle cerebral artery also predicts severe fetal anemia, but this test has not been rigorously evaluated in comparison with amniotic-fluid DeltaOD450.We performed a prospective, international, multicenter study including women with RhD-, Rhc-, RhE-, or Fy(a)-alloimmunized pregnancies with indirect antiglobulin titers of at least 1:64 and antigen-positive fetuses to assess whether Doppler ultrasonographic measurement of the peak systolic velocity of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery was at least as sensitive and accurate as measurement of amniotic-fluid DeltaOD450 for diagnosing severe fetal anemia. The results of the two tests were compared with the incidence of fetal anemia, as determined by measurement of hemoglobin levels in fetal blood.Of 165 fetuses, 74 had severe anemia. For the detection of severe fetal anemia, Doppler ultrasonography of the middle cerebral artery had a sensitivity of 88 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 78 to 93 percent), a specificity of 82 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 73 to 89 percent), and an accuracy of 85 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 79 to 90 percent). Amniotic-fluid DeltaOD450 had a sensitivity of 76 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 65 to 84 percent), a specificity of 77 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 67 to 84 percent), and an accuracy of 76 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 69 to 82 percent). Doppler ultrasonography was more sensitive, by 12 percentage points (95 percent confidence interval, 0.3 to 24.0), and more accurate, by 9 percentage points (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 15.9), than measurement of amniotic-fluid DeltaOD450.Doppler measurement of the peak velocity of systolic blood flow in the middle cerebral artery can safely replace invasive testing in the management of Rh-alloimmunized pregnancies. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00295516.).
Models of interaction between metabolic genes and environmental exposure in cancer susceptibility.
Authors: E Taioli, C Zocchetti, S Garte
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Polymorphic metabolic genes that confer enhanced genetic susceptibility to the carcinogenic effects of certain environmental carcinogens act according to a type 2 interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. This type of interaction, for which the gene has no effect on disease outcome by itself but only modifies the risk associated with exposure, must be treated differently from other types of gene-environment interaction. We present a method to analyze different dose effects often seen in studies involving these genes. We define a low exposure-gene effect, when a greater degree of gene environment interaction appears at lower doses of exposure (the interaction follows an inverse dose function), and a converse high exposure-gene effect, when the interaction increases as a function of dose. Using a standard logistic regression model, we define a new term, alpha, that can be determined asa function of exposure dose in order to analyze epidemiological studies for the type of exposure-gene effect. These models are illustrated by the use of hypothetical case-control data as well as examples from the literature.
A Review of Recent Italian Work on Rheumatism : II.--Chronic Rheumatism
Authors: P. Ravenna
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1940)

THE first Italian Institute devoted exclusively to the study of rheumatic diseases was founded in Acqui (Piedmont), a town famous for its hot springs and muds, in 1929, by the Directors of the Medical and Surgical Clinics of the University of Turin (Professors F. Micheli and M. Donati).It was enlarged and transformed into the Rheumatologic Clinic in 1932.Its clinical material includes several thousands of patients a year.Many other spas have laboratories where researches on rheumatism are carried out (Montecatini, Chianciano, Fiuggi, Abano, Salso- maggiore, etc.).Furthermore, a ward or, more frequently, an out- patient department has been devoted to rheumatic cases in the most important University Medical Clinics (Turin, Milan, etc.).There is also a vast voluntary hospital in Turin, known as the Little Home of Divine Providence, holding about ten thousand cripples, among which are numerous cases of arthritis.CLASSMCATION.-Thefollowing classification of chronic arthritis and polyarthritis was suggested by Micheli in 1929, and the most important Italian studies have been founded upon it.1. Chronic rheumatism of known setiology (gonococcal, syphilitic, tuberculous, pyogenic, etc.).2. Chronic rheumatism following rheumatic fever.3. Rheumatoid arthritis: (a) Rheumatoid arthritis of an infective character.(b) Still's disease.(c) Rheumatoid arthritis -with no definite infective character.
482 ACUTE CELULAR REJETION IN LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENTS WITH LATE CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR THERAPEUTIC DOSAGE ACHIEVEMENT: ROL OF ANTI CD-25 ANTIBODIES
Authors: S. Marciano, M. Surraco, M. Bonacci, P. Casciato, A. Villamil, A. Gadano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Sudden, unexpected nocturnal deaths in Washington
Authors: L. J. Paulozzi
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Since July 1977, at least 80 sudden, unexplained nocturnal deaths (SUND) have been reported nationwide among young, previously healthy Southeast Asian male refugees in the United States. A series of the cases was recently described, 1 but the etiology of the problem remains unknown. We are writing to report an unusual presentation of this phenomenon, the sixth such case reported to date in the state of Washington.  Report of a Case.—  The victim was a previously healthy 30-year-old Laotian man who had emigrated to this country four years previously. Around 3 AM his wife noted that he was unresponsive and had tonic, clonic contractions in all four extremities. The contractions ceased after a few minutes, and the family was able to arouse him by shaking him and pouring water on his head. He woke up enough to carry on a conversation. When paramedics, who had been called
CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF REACTIONS TO LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENTS
Authors: Max S. Sadove
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Reactions to local anesthetic agents are far commoner than is frequently assumed. In the majority of cases, however, they are of such a mild and transient nature that they require no treatment and tend to escape attention altogether. Such reactions may manifest themselves merely in some degree of excitement or talkativeness and thus may be attributed by the unwary to "hysteria"; in reality they are signs of cortical stimulation, which in their ultimate degree would have manifested themselves as convulsions had the reactions been of a severer type. It therefore behooves the administrator to bear in mind constantly that all local anesthetic agents, be they topical or administered by infiltration, have certain toxic potentials. It is imperative that the possible reactions should be known and correctly interpreted in order that rational treatment may be instituted at once. It is the object of this paper to promote a clearer understanding of
Experts Wrestle With Social, Ethical Implications of Human Genome Research
Authors: B. Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High Court quashes GMC suspension of consultant for carrying phial of blood in hand luggage
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The UK General Medical Council’s action in suspending a consultant who carried a phial of HIV infected blood in his hand luggage on a flight from Nigeria to the United Kingdom was “heavy handed and disproportionate,” a High Court judge has ruled.

Mr Justice Burnett quashed the UK medical regulator’s interim suspension order on Tubonye Harry, a consultant in genitourinary medicine, which prevented him practising medicine in the UK while awaiting a full fitness to practise hearing.

The court heard that Harry, who qualified in Nigeria and had been a consultant since 1996, was summarily dismissed from his post with the James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in Norfolk last January after an internal disciplinary inquiry.

“The transportation of human blood is governed by strict regulations,” said the judge. “On a return journey from Nigeria in December 2010, Dr Harry accepted that he carried two samples of blood, one infected …
Total and regional coronary blood flow during acute coronary occlusion in anaesthetized and conscious dogs
Authors: R. J. DOMENECH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Total and regional coronary blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres before and early after the occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery. A radial gradient of flow was found in the ' infarcted' area, the outer zone having a larger flow per gram of tissue than the inner one. The results suggest that this gradient is influenced by the aortic pressure. In the non-infarcted regions, a decrease in the coronary resistance was found in the left and right ventricular walls and in the atrial walls.
Syphilis Rates at All-time Low
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Type 2A Koebner phenomenon in vitiligo is distinct from other subtypes: observations from an Indian cohort
Authors: A.J. Kanwar, R. Mahajan, D. Parsad
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Koebner phenomenon (KP) in vitiligo has been redefined and classified recently.To study the clinical characteristics of various grades of KP.In this prospective cross-sectional study, 202 patients with vitiligo were studied between January 2011 and December 2012 for the presence of KP. Based on the new Vitiligo European Task Force guidelines, KP was classified as type 1-3 and grades Ι-IV. Disease characteristics were studied in the various groups and subgroups based on the presence of KP.Koebner phenomenon was seen in 130 of 202 patients. The mean age of patients showing KP was 23.9 ± 13.6 years, compared with 19.3 ± 12.4 years for patients not showing KP (P = 0.02). The mean body surface area involved in the KP-positive group was 4.6 ± 5.6%, vs. 1.5 ± 1.1% in the KP-negative group (P = 0.001). Fifty-five patients experiencing KP received low-dose dexamethasone oral minipulse therapy compared with nine of those who did not (P = 0.01). Of the 130 patients with KP, grade Ι KP was seen in 32, grade II KP in 116, grade III KP in 22 and grade IV KP in 16. There was a significant difference between type 1 and type 2A KP, and between type 2A and type 2B KP. In contrast, type 1 and type 2B KP were found not to be significantly different and had a good degree of correlation.Patients with KP have a significantly higher age at onset, more extensive cutaneous involvement and are more likely to receive systemic steroids for disease control. Type 2A disease was found to be distinct from the other subtypes.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC REPORT BLANK
Authors: William D. Reid
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Reports of electrocardiograms are often made to physicians who have not yet had occasion to become familiar with their interpretation, and it was with the hope of making the reports more intelligible, and so more helpful, that the accompanying report blank was designed. The information contained in the fine print on the blank is, of course, a compromise between the statement of the fundamental data and the need of brevity; in spite of limitations, it does obviate considerable verbiage in writing the reports. The space immediately below the horizontal lines is for further description of the technical data, which vary in different electrocardiograms. We would emphasize the importance of making free use of the larger space below the printed word "Remarks." This is the place for the interpreter to state the significance of the technical findings given above, and is, of course, best done if the electrocardiographer is also familiar
Hypertension and associated risk factors in individuals infected with HIV on antiretroviral therapy at an urban HIV clinic in Uganda
Authors: Aggrey S Semeere, Joseph Sempa, Issac Lwanga, Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi, Andrew Kambugu
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundScale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) might precipitate an increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults infected with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa based on data from resource-rich settings. Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular NCDs. We estimated prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for incident hypertension in adults infected with HIV on ART at an urban clinic in Uganda.MethodsFrom a cohort of adults infected with HIV (>18 years) who initiated ART between Jan 1, 2005, and Jan 3, 2012, at the Infectious Diseases Institute clinic in Kampala, we report the prevalence, incidence, and cumulative incidence (with death as a competing risk) of hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg). Risk factors for hypertension were evaluated with Cox proportional hazards regression.FindingsOf 9806 individuals who initiated ART, 6351 (64·8%) were women, median age was 36 years (IQR 31–42), and median follow-up was 3·9 years (2·2–5·9). Overall prevalence of hypertension was 15·1% (1472 individuals); older individuals (>50 years) had higher prevalence (299, 38·6%). By year 1, cumulative incidence was 1% and by year 5, it was 3·6%. Overall incidence was 19 cases per 1000 person-years. Multivariate regression showed male sex, older age, increasing body-mass index, and use of stavudine at initiation was associated with an increased rate of hypertension.InterpretationOf our patients, we noted a prevalence of hypertension between 14·6% and 28·5%, similar to the general Ugandan population. Besides traditional risk factors for hypertension, use of stavudine was also identified. Awareness of NCD comorbidity and AIDS-associated risk factors are increasingly important for clinicians caring for adults on ART in sub-Saharan Africa.FundingUniversity of California Global Health Institute (UCGHI) supported GloCal Fellowship funded by the Fogarty International Center (FIC) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) R25TW009343.
Differential effects of outdoor versus indoor fungal spores on asthma morbidity in inner-city children
Authors: Jacqueline A. Pongracic, George T. O'Connor, Michael L. Muilenberg, Ben Vaughn, Diane R. Gold, Meyer Kattan, Wayne J. Morgan, Rebecca S. Gruchalla, Ernestine Smartt, Herman E. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Arthur James O'Friel
Authors: B. O'Friel
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Ellesmere Port (b Ireland 1914; q Queen's University, Belfast, 1938; MBE), d 28 July 2002.

During the second world war, Arthur served on destroyers and did Atlantic and Arctic convoy work, ending up running naval hospitals on Merseyside. The purchase of a practice in Ellesmere Port in 1945 was the beginning of 40 years' service he gave to the town. He quickly built up a large thriving group practice. An innovator, he developed early links with the commercial and industrial firms in the town, at one time providing medical services to the Vauxhall car company. In the 1950s he was doctor and chairman of the town football club. He was a founder member of the Ellesmere Port Rotary Club. Predeceased by his wife, he leaves a son and five grandchildren.
MMR coverage in England reached record high last year
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The proportion of children receiving their first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine by age two varies across England by 8%, with the north east having the highest at 95.5% and London the lowest at 87.5%.

Figures from NHS Immunisation Statistics England 2013-14 ,1 published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre, show that MMR …
In Vivo Studies of Serum C-reactive Protein Turnover in Rabbits
Authors: Mohanathasan Chelladurai, Stephen S. Macintyre, Irving Kushner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We determined the plasma half-life of the acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) both in normal rabbits and in rabbits that had received inflammatory stimuli. Rabbit CRP was purified from acute phase serum by Cx-polysaccharide affinity chromatography, radiolabeled, and rendered pyrogen-free. Six unstimulated rabbits were injected intravenously with 1251-CRP prepared by the lactoperoxidase method and four were injected with CRP labeled by methylation using [14C]formaldehyde. Blood samples were obtained at 0.25 h and at intervals thereafter. Plasma half-life of CRP was calculated from the data generated during the first 12 h, by which time an average of 86% of labeled protein had disappeared from the blood stream. The mean half-life for CRP was 4.45±0.2 h, with no significant difference (0.40 < P < 0.45) between 1251- and 14C-labeled CRP. In six animals stimulated with either endotoxin or turpentine 24 h before injection of labeled CRP, a mean half-life of 5.8±0.6 h was found, not significantly different (0.30 < P < 0.35) from unstimulated rabbits. We equated fractional catabolic rate to fractional disappearance rate, since the rate constant for passage of CRP from vascular to extravascular compartment can be assumed to be relatively small compared to the observed fractional disappearance rate. Fractional catabolic rate was independent of serum CRP concentration; average fractional catabolic rate in all 16 animals was 14±0.8% h-1 of the plasma pool. We were able to estimate rate of CRP synthesis, based on steady-state assumptions of pool sizes in those rabbits whose serum CRP levels did not change substantially during the period of study. Values as low as 6.7 μg/kg per h in the unstimulated animals and as high as 560 μg/kg per h in the stimulated animals were found.