tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Richter's hernia: an unrecognised complication of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: D A Power, N Edward, G R Catto, N Muirhead, A MacLeod, J Engeset
Journal: BMJ (1981)

returning to work after a holiday in England he was repatriated severely ill.He had had a progressive dry cough, drowsiness, anorexia, weight loss, and recurring fevers.Examination showed drowsiness and confusion, tachypnoea, tachycardia, and fever of 40°C.Apart from mild oral candidiasis examination showed no abnormality and there was no lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly.He underwent full investigations with negative results apart from a mild y 1980;
Postmenopausal Hormone-Replacement Therapy — Time for a Reappraisal?
Authors: Louise A. Brinton, Catherine Schairer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In this issue of the Journal, Grodstein and colleagues1 present important data from a large study of the risks and benefits associated with postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy. Like previous investigators, they found a significantly reduced risk of death from all causes among recent hormone users. This reduction in mortality is the consequence of a profound decrease in the risk of death from coronary heart disease and a somewhat smaller reduction in mortality from cancer, although this reduction was not evident for all types of cancer. The study showed that the reduction in mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer was probably not . . .
Race and Access to Erythropoietin by Patients on Hemodialysis-Reply
Authors: Philip J. Held, Friedrich K. Port, Caitlin Carroll, Kenneth Petronis
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —We agree with Dr Sadler on the importance of measuring the quality of Medicare data when using this database for scientific analyses. Our estimates published in this article are similar to our findings from a large data validation study. 1 However, objectivity requires us to be constantly critical, especially for untested data items such as rHuEPO.  Dr Sadler takes our minor discussion point out of context and thereby generalizes that we have challenged the validity of the PMMIS. This is not our position. We basically agree with his four technical points (listed herein); however, our analyses show that our data quality estimates remain virtually unchanged.  First, the point that we  incomplete PMMIS files: PMMIS files are always incomplete. We used a file that was over 15 months old since US Renal Data System analyses suggest that by 15 months these files can be considered complete for most
Cutaneous anaesthesia in necrobiosis lipoidica
Authors: R.J. MANN, R.R.M. HARMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Cutaneous sensation in plaques of necrobiosis lipoidica was assessed in five non-diabetic and seven diabetic patients. Eleven of the twelve showed partial or complete anaesthesia of the affected skin. These findings are important in the differential diagnosis of tuberculoid leprosy. Further studies of nerve function in cutaneous granulomas need to be carried out.
Eculizumab in AQP4-IgG-positive relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: an open-label pilot study
Authors: Sean J Pittock, Vanda A Lennon, Andrew McKeon, Jay Mandrekar, Brian G Weinshenker, Claudia F Lucchinetti, Orna O'Toole, Dean M Wingerchuk
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2013)
Kola, Ginseng, and Mislabeled Herbs-Reply
Authors: Ronald K. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The<i>Cola</i>spp cited in one of the case studies was indeed packaged and sold as "gotu kola" and represents fourteen such mislabeled packages of "gotu kola" we have examined. The table in the article confusingly groups kola nut with "gotu kola," which is actually<i>Hydrocotyle asiatica</i>. We have encountered no clinical problems associated with the use of<i>H asiatica</i>, although chronic users claim dizziness and diarrhea. A related species,<i>H vulgaris</i>, is a wellknown livestock poison and is commonly termed "sheep's bane." The author of the letter is correct in noting widespread mislabeling of herbal preparations. These practices confound the scientific study of folk medicines. Perhaps the most commonly misrepresented substance is ginseng (<i>Panax</i>spp). Due to its substantial economic importance, as well as remarkable medicinal claims,<sup>1</sup>ginseng is often in limited and expensive supply. Alternatively, several companies package as ginseng a wide variety of substances
Early and late results of intracoronary arterial stenting after coronary angioplasty in dogs.
Authors: G S Roubin, K A Robinson, S B King, C Gianturco, A J Black, J E Brown, R J Siegel, J S Douglas
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Intimal dissection with acute closure represents the major complication associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Intracoronary stent devices offer the possibility of treatment for this sequela. We developed a balloon catheter-mounted, flexible coil stent for use in such cases. To determine the utility of this device and its immediate and long-term influence on arterial patency, 39 mongrel dogs had the stent placed after PTCA of the left circumflex or left anterior descending coronary arteries. Thirteen animals were treated before and after the procedure with warfarin. In this group there were three early deaths associated with stent thrombosis. Twenty-six animals were subsequently treated before and after with aspirin and dipyridamole. There were no early thrombotic events associated with stent placement in these animals. Late arteriographic examination revealed patent vessels in all dogs. Diameter stenosis for warfarin-treated dogs was 8 +/- 5% (mean +/- SD) at 2 months (n = 9), 6 +/- 4% at 6 months (n = 5), and 11 +/- 7% at 12 months (n = 3). Diameter stenosis for aspirin/dipyridamole-treated dogs was 9 +/- 3% at 2 months (n = 8), 8 +/- 5% at 6 months (n = 12), and 5% at 12 months (n = 1). Light and scanning electron microscopic analyses of stented arteries demonstrated incorporation of the stent wires into the arterial wall. Early findings included mild thrombosis localized to areas of wire entrenchment followed by rapid regrowth of endothelial and/or pseudoendothelial cells over trenches, exposed wires, and elastica.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Deficiency in regulatory T cells results in development of antimitochondrial antibodies and autoimmune cholangitis
Authors: Weici Zhang, Rahul Sharma, Shyr-Te Ju, Xiao-Song He, Yanyan Tao, Koichi Tsuneyama, Zhigang Tian, Zhe-Xiong Lian, Shu Man Fu, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract There have been several descriptions of mouse models that manifest select immunological and clinical features of autoimmune cholangitis with similarities to primary biliary cirrhosis in humans. Some of these models require immunization with complete Freund's adjuvant, whereas others suggest that a decreased frequency of T regulatory cells (Tregs) facilitates spontaneous disease. We hypothesized that antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) and development of autoimmune cholangitis would be found in mice genetically deficient in components essential for the development and homeostasis of forkhead box 3 (Foxp3) + Tregs. Therefore, we examined Scurfy (Sf) mice, animals that have a mutation in the gene encoding the Foxp3 transcription factor that results in a complete abolition of Foxp3 + Tregs. At 3 to 4 weeks of age, 100% of animals exhibit high-titer serum AMA of all isotypes. Furthermore, mice have moderate to severe lymphocytic infiltrates surrounding portal areas with evidence of biliary duct damage, and dramatic elevation of cytokines in serum and messenger RNAs encoding cytokines in liver tissue, including tumor necrosis factor α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and IL-23. Conclusion: The lack of functional Foxp3 is a major predisposing feature for loss of tolerance that leads to autoimmune cholangitis. These findings reflect on the importance of regulatory T cells in other murine models as well as in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2008.)
Observations on Degraded Tetracycline
Authors: George W. Frimpter
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:—  We wish to make  few additional comments and report additional information relative to our recent article entitled Reversible Fanconi Syndrome Caused by Degraded Tetracycline (JAMA184:111 [April 13] 1963).  Our paper was antedated by  report of  case of the same syndrome by Joel M. Gross.1The patient described in that paper appears similar in all respects to the three reported by us. These two reports tend, jointly, to confirm the existence and character of this syndrome.  When assembling the data for the manuscript, we did not list the actual amounts of the individual amino acids excreted, feeling that it was sufficient to note the presence of a gross generalized  in the three patients. Since publication, however, we have received  number of queries regarding this point.  We should like to emphasize that the aminoaciduria may bevery severein this syndrome.
SULPHOSALICYLIC ACID RING TEST FOR PROTEINURIA
Authors: Louis Hannah
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In employing a new test for proteins in urine, advocated and described by Exton (The Journal, Feb. 24, 1923, p. 529), my attention was attracted, while adding a specimen of urine to an equal volume of the sulphosalicylic acid solution in a test tube, to the dense precipitate of albumin formed at the line of contact between the two liquids. The specimen and reagent were not intentionally layered—for one was poured, not pipetted, on the other—but, owing to the much greater specific gravity of the latter, coagulation of the protein, which was instantaneous, occurred before agitation and mixing could be effected. The albuminous ring thus produced seems to be identical with that of Heller's nitric acid test. In the original technic, thorough mixing of reagent and specimen is directed, and final reading of the reaction is based on the general appearance of the mixture, or its optical
Code of conduct is needed for publishing raw data
Authors: G. Eysenbach, E.-R. Sa
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Hutchon in his article showed the benefits of publishing raw data on line.1 The method of opening up raw data for research has strong parallels to the “open source” movement of the software industry, where developers freely distribute the source code and allow usage and modification.2 The open source community has learnt that this rapid evolutionary process produces better software than the traditional closed model, in which only a very few programmers can see source, and everybody else must …
General practice computing in Scotland.
Authors: M W Taylor, L D Ritchie, R J Taylor, M P Ryan, N I Paterson, R Duncan, K G Brotherston
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate a method of assessing the extent of routine patient data held on computer by Scottish general practitioners. DESIGN--An "electronic questionnaire" in the form of an interrogation questionnaire was used to extract a subset of data from practice computers running a standard software package (the general practice administrative system for Scotland, GPASS). The data were retained by each practice and also collected and analysed centrally to produce regional and national data. SUBJECTS--All 257 general practices in Scotland using GPASS software were sent the electronic questionnaire; data from 154 practices, including 759 general practitioners and covering 1,010,452 patients, were collected. RESULTS--Ninety three practices had all their patient records on computer; others had selectively entered data on, for example, only those patients receiving repeat prescriptions. The number of computerised patient records per practitioner ranged from 46 to 2373. Altogether 194,261 patients had repeat prescribing data and 204,005 morbidity or clinical data. CONCLUSION--An electronic questionnaire is a simple and effective way of investigating the information held on practice computers, allowing analysis and feedback of information to practitioners. Development of this system will provide a cumulative information system for Scottish general practitioners.
Laparoscopic Management of a Gastric Perforation after Snare Removal of a Gastric Leiomyoma
Authors: B. L. Yu, R. H. Yuan, J. M. Wong, S. C. Yu
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

A 67-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction, who had been suffering intermittent epigastric pain and tarry stool for nine months, was referred to our hospital with a suspected gastric tumor. The panendoscopy showed a round, hard submucosal tumor at the greater curvature of the upper gastric body, near the fundus. An ulcer scar was observed on the surface of the tumor. Polypectomy using snare cauterization was carried out. However, severe abdominal pain and abdominal distension developed. A chest radiograph revealed bilateral subphrenic free air. Due to the high risk in this patient, laparoscopic repair of the gastric perforation was carried out using an Endo-GIA instrument. The postoperative course was uneventful. Feeding started on the third postoperative day, and the patient was discharged on the eighth day. A follow-up panendoscopy two months later showed a well-healed scar.
Loss of mitochondrial respiratory function and its suppression during cold ischemic preservation of rat livers with university of Wisconsin solution
Authors: Seon-Kyeong Kim, Folkert O. Belzer, James H. Southard
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Preservation of the liver involves a period of cold (0 degrees to 4 degrees C) ischemia; the longer the ischemic period, the greater the injury to the liver. The mechanisms for cold-induced ischemic injury are not known, but it is clear that after preservation the liver has a reduced capacity to regenerate high-energy phosphate compounds (ATP). One cause for the delayed rate of ATP synthesis could be injury to the mitochondria. The effects of long-term (more than 24 hr) preservation on liver mitochondrial function have not been previously studied. In this study, rat livers were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution at 4 degrees C for up to 96 hr. After preservation, mitochondrial respiratory function was assayed in a homogenate and in isolated mitochondria. We saw a progressive increase in oligomycin-sensitive respiration with time of preservation (from 1.2 +/- 0.09 mumol.min-1.gm tissue-1 at 0 hr to 3.8 +/- 0.2 mumol.min-1.gm tissue-1 after 96 hr). The increase after 24-hr preservation (2.1 +/- 0.2 mumol.min-1.gm tissue-1) was also significantly greater than 0 time values (p less than 0.05). No decrease was found in uncoupler-stimulated respiration for up to 48 hr of preservation; only a small decrease was seen after 72 hr of preservation (about 30%). The cause of the increase in oligomycin-sensitive respiration appeared to be related to free fatty acids (or another uncoupling factor) generated during preservation. This was suggested from the fact that bovine serum albumin prevented the increase in oligomycin-sensitive respiration after all periods of preservation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
David Antony Charles Sharpe
Authors: Christopher Harle, Russell Millner
Journal: BMJ (2004)

​ConsultantConsultant cardiothoracic surgeon Blackpool (b 1960; q Liverpool 1984; FRCS, MD), died from a brain tumour on 25 October 2003. Dave was an enthusiastic teacher. As a consultant he had just spent his first two years settling into his post and bringing many of his initial ideas to fruition. Dave had two major passions in life—his family and cardiac surgery—and, despite the often conflicting demands of these commitments, he dedicated himself to both with gusto and excellence. He leaves a wife, Lorna, and two children.




Figure 1
Long-term serial changes in left ventricular function and reversal of ventricular dilatation after valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation.
Authors: R O Bonow, J T Dodd, B J Maron, P T O'Gara, G G White, C L McIntosh, R E Clark, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1988)

In most patients with aortic regurgitation, valve replacement results in reduction in left ventricular dilatation and an increase in ejection fraction. To determine the relation between serial changes in ventricular dilatation and changes in ejection fraction, we studied 61 patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation by echocardiography and radionuclide angiography before, 6-8 months after, and 3-7 years after aortic valve replacement. Between preoperative and early postoperative studies, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension decreased (from 75 +/- 6 to 56 +/- 9 mm, p less than 0.001), peak systolic wall stress decreased (from 247 +/- 50 to 163 +/- 42 dynes x 10(3)/cm2), and ejection fraction increased (from 43 +/- 9% to 51 +/- 16%, p less than 0.001). Between early and late postoperative studies, diastolic dimension and peak systolic wall stress did not change, but ejection fraction increased further (to 56 +/- 19%, p less than 0.001). The increase in ejection fraction correlated with magnitude of reduction in diastolic dimension between preoperative and early postoperative studies (r = 0.63), between early and late postoperative studies (r = 0.54), and between preoperative and late postoperative studies (r = 0.69). Late increases in ejection fraction usually represented the continuation of an initial increase occurring early after operation. Thus, short-term and long-term improvement in left ventricular systolic function after operation is related significantly to the early reduction in left ventricular dilatation arising from correction of left ventricular volume overload. Moreover, late improvement in ejection fraction occurs commonly in patients with an early increase in ejection fraction after valve replacement but is unlikely to occur in patients with no change in ejection fraction during the first 6 months after operation.
Cellular location of proteins related to iron absorption and transport
Authors: Marcia J. Simovich, Marcel E. Conrad, Jay N. Umbreit, Elizabeth G. Moore, Lucille N. Hainsworth, Hilary K. Smith
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract K562 erythroleukemia cells and IEC6 rat cells were examined using confocal microscopy and antibodies raised against DMT‐1 (Nramp‐2, DCT‐1), transferrin receptor (CD71), β 3 integrin (CD61), mobilferrin (calreticulin), and Hephaestin. The cellular location of each of these proteins was identified by immunofluorescence in both saponin‐permeabilized and non‐permeabilized cells. Fluorescent reactivity was observed on or near the cell surface of each of these proteins, suggesting that they might participate in surface membrane transport of iron. Fluorescence was observed in the region of the cytoplasm with each antibody to include β 3 integrin and transferrin receptor. It was pronounced in cells incubated with mobilferrin, Hephaestin, and DMT‐1 antibodies. Speckled nuclear fluorescence was observed in cells incubated with anti‐DMT‐1. While these observations are descriptive, they demonstrate that there are significant concentrations of DMT‐1, mobilferrin, and Hephaestin in the cytoplasmic region of cells. This suggests that there may be intracellular roles for these proteins in addition to their serving to transit iron across the cell surface membrane. Am. J. Hematol. 69:164–170, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mass extinction and the medical profession
Authors: John Bailey
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

It is an interesting notion that a minor cultural change in the medical profession ‘more humility and greater human kinship’1 will save the planet from the catastrophe of the human species.

The mass extinction of which you speak is surely a biological phenomenon in that it will be one of the consequences of an uncontrolled population spike in the human population. The human species undergoes no significant natural predation. In such a model the population will be controlled by biological responses such as a drop in fertility rates, by the diseases and behavioural changes caused by over-crowding and by reduced access to food, water, shelter and other necessary resources. Like any other animal population, size is dependent on longevity and the differential between death rate and birth rate. Unfortunately for both our own species and the majority of other highly evolved species on earth today our ability to develop technology will prolong our struggle with the inevitable. In the course of this struggle, we will probably devastate the earth making it uninhabitable through climate change, habitat change and the consequences of armed conflict.

The irony is that the medical profession, in its remarkable efforts to preserve life, will be making the long-term outlook worse both by encouraging population growth and by a reduction in the stressors driving evolution. Perhaps the cultural change the profession needs is a greater emphasis on contraception.
Abstract 5051: microRNA based classification of non-BRCA1/2 hereditary breast cancer tumors
Authors: Miljana Tanic, Ivan Marquez-Rodas, Victoria Fernandez, Javier Benitez, Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Familial breast cancer comprises 5-10% of all breast cancer cases. Germline mutations in the currently known BRCA1 or 2 high risk-breast cancer genes are common in familial breast cancer, but they can explain, 20-25% of the overall familial risk. Still, the large majority of breast cancer cases that arise in families with strong familial aggregation are not explained by mutations in any know breast cancer susceptibility gene, and are designated as BRCAX tumors. MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation has been extensively implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Specifically, in breast cancer, there are miRNA expression profiles associated to specific subtypes or biological features such as hormone receptor, HER2 status, metastasis, progression or proliferation. However, there are no publications describing miRNA expression profiles in hereditary breast tumors. We established the miRNA expression profiles associated to familial breast tumors from different genetic subtypes, BRCA1, BRCA2 and BRCAX. The discovery of differentially expressed miRNAs may improve the diagnosis of these tumors and will provide new insight into the molecular biology of the tumors. We selected tumor areas from 80 FFPE samples (66 hereditary breast tumors, 10 sporadic and 4 normal breast samples). The samples were analyzed by miRNA microarray expression profiling using LNA-based Exiqon platform and interesting miRNAs were validated by QT-PCR. Hierarchical clustering of BRCAX tumors revealed clear heterogeneity, with 4 apparent groups. For class discovery we have used Consensus clustering algorithm that confirmed the existence of 4 different subgroups among BRCAX tumors (A, B, C and D). Interestingly, Group C clusters with BRCA1/2 mutated tumors, while Group A clusters along with normal breast tissue. Group B appears as a homogenous group of tumors, while group D represents a very heterogeneous group, lacking a specific miRNA signature. Next, we identified miRNA signatures for each of the well defined groups (A, B, C) and we performed pathway enrichment analysis using IPA and identified associated biological processes for each of the miRNA clusters. We found that miRNAs contributed to a better definition of BRCAX group of tumors, which could potentially be subclassified into distinct groups. The identification of key target genes and pathways regulated by significant miRNAs would give as a better understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5051. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5051