tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
So Where's My Medal?
Authors: Perri Klass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

I accepted an invitation to give a talk in Michigan on a Tuesday in April, though the date rang some distant bell. A day or two later, I recognized the bell: that Tuesday was my son's ninth birthday. I called to reschedule the talk, citing the proverbial family complications — not specifying that the real complication was my own spaced-out incompetence. The incident left me feeling like a crummy mother, a rotten visiting lecturer, and a bad person — an apologetic trifecta of self-criticism. I would not be confessing this incident now had a friend not mentioned recently that she . . .
Asymetric septal hypertrophy in childhood.
Authors: B J Maron, W L Henry, C E Clark, D R Redwood, W C Roberts, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Although considerable information is available concerning the clinical features and natural history of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) in adults, little is known of this disease in children. The clinical characteristics and course of 46 children with ASH, who were evaluated at the National Heart and Lung Institute, have been analyzed. Twenty-four children had obstruction to ventricular outflow; 22 children had no obstruction to ventricular outflow, including 11 patients without overt manifestations of cardiac disease other than echocardiographic evidence of ASH. Thirty-five of the 46 children have been followed for one to 16 years (average 7.4 years). These latter children represent that subgroup of patients with ASH referred to the National Heart and Lung Institute and diagnosed prior to the general availability of echocardiography. The clinical course of these patients was variable. Fourteen (40%) of the 35 patients improved or remained stable, including four patients who received propranolol. Ten (29%) of the 35 patients deteriorated clinically and 11 (31%) of the 35 patients died suddenly (4% mortality per year). Two of the patients who died suddenly had previously undergone operation (six and 13 years previously) with resultant abolition of the outflow gradient; four others were taking propranolol. Neither symptomatology, electrocardiographic abnormalities, heart size, left ventricular ejection or upstroke time, magnitude of outflow gradient, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure proved predictive of sudden death. Excluding patients who had previous operation, eight (40%) of 20 patients with obstruction who were followed long term and one (9%) of 11 patients without outflow obstruction died suddenly. Thus, the clinical and hemodynamic spectrum of ASH in childhood is broad. However, deterioration in clinical condition or sudden death has been relatively common in children with overt signs of cardiac disease.
Pharmacologic Stress Imaging
Authors: George A. Beller
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Pharmacologic stress imaging has increasingly been employed as an alternative to exercise imaging for detection of coronary artery disease and risk stratification particularly in patients who are unable to perform adequate exercise. Sensitivity and specificity of thallium 201 scintigraphy using intravenous dipyridamole infusion as a stress for coronary artery disease detection average 85% and 91%, respectively. Dipyridamole imaging is also useful for differentiating between ischemia and scar and identifying patients who have an increased risk for subsequent cardiac events. Dipyridamole imaging is particularly useful for preoperative risk stratification in patients undergoing surgery for peripheral vascular or aortic disease. Dipyridamole imaging is also useful for identifying residual myocardial ischemia after myocardial infarction and detecting restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Adverse side effects of dipyridamole are promptly reversed by aminophylline. Dipyridamole stress can also be employed in association with echocardiography for detection of ischemia-induced regional wall motion abnormalities.
Improved Therapeutic Index of Cisplatin by Procaine Hydrochloride
Authors: M. Esposito, R. A. Fulco, P. Collecchi, A. Zicca, A. Cadoni, F. Merlo, R. Rosso, A. Sobrero
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

The local anesthetic procaine hydrochloride (P.HC1) had little effect on the sensitivity of P388 leukemic cells to cisplatin (DDP) in vitro, but the simultaneous administration of DDP and P.HC1 (40 mg/kg) to BDF 1 mice produced 50% lethal dose (LD 50 ) and 90% lethal dose (LD 90 ) values approximately two times higher than those observed with DDP alone. DDP-P.HC1 diluted in water and administered intraperitoneally (IP) on day 1 and on days 1 and 5 to BDF 1 mice bearing P388 leukemic cells produced 33% and 50% cure rates, respectively, at the maximum tolerated dose (16 mg/kg for the single administration and 10 mg/kg given on days 1 and 5). In contrast, under the same conditions, the cure rates obtained with DDP alone (10 mg/kg for the single administration and 8 mg/kg given on days 1 and 5) were 17% and 9%, respectively. Protection from DDP nephrotoxicity seems to be the explanation for the higher doses of DDP that mice can tolerate when DDP is given simultaneously with P.HC1. In fact, the increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels observed 4–7 days following a single IP administration of DDP (8 or 16 mg/kg), as well as the tubular degenerative changes detected by light microscopy, were not observed when the same doses of DDP were given simultaneously with P.HC1. Since DDP nephrotoxicity is known to be reduced when the drug is diluted in 0.9% NaCl solution, we compared the combinations DDP-P.HCI in water, and DDP and DDP-P.HC1 in 0.9% NaCl solution. The antitumor activity of DDP diluted in water and administered with P.HC1 was similar to that observed in mice treated with DDP alone diluted in 0.9% NaCl solution. However, further improvement of the therapeutic index was achieved after the administration of DDP-P.HC1 diluted in 0.9% NaCl solution; this regimen produced a cure rate of 67% (12 of 18 animals). The clinical relevance of these findings is strengthened by the observation that similar results were obtained when P.HCI was given by the intravenous route. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:677–684,1990]
House Dust Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Relation to Hormone Levels and Semen Quality Parameters
Authors: John D. Meeker, Heather M. Stapleton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Organophosphate (OP) compounds, such as tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), are commonly used as additive flame retardants and plasticizers in a wide range of materials. Although widespread human exposure to OP flame retardants is likely, there is a lack of human and animal data on potential health effects.We explored relationships of TDCPP and TPP concentrations in house dust with hormone levels and semen quality parameters.We analyzed house dust from 50 men recruited through a U.S. infertility clinic for TDCPP and TPP. Relationships with reproductive and thyroid hormone levels, as well as semen quality parameters, were assessed using crude and multivariable linear regression.TDCPP and TPP were detected in 96% and 98% of samples, respectively, with widely varying concentrations up to 1.8 mg/g. In models adjusted for age and body mass index, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in TDCPP was associated with a 3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5% to 1%) decline in free thyroxine and a 17% (95% CI, 432%) increase in prolactin. There was a suggestive inverse association between TDCPP and free androgen index that became less evident in adjusted models. In the adjusted models, an IQR increase in TPP was associated with a 10% (95% CI, 219%) increase in prolactin and a 19% (95% CI, 30% to 5%) decrease in sperm concentration.OP flame retardants may be associated with altered hormone levels and decreased semen quality in men. More research on sources and levels of human exposure to OP flame retardants and associated health outcomes are needed.
Ictal SPECT in a 16-Day-Old Infant
Authors: CAROLYN GREEN, JEFFREY R. BUCHHALTER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Neonatal seizures can be difficult to classify according to partial versus generalized onset on the basis of clinical appearance or electroencephalography (EEG). Single-photon emission computed tomography has proven to be useful in adults when adjunctive tests are needed to identify the nature of seizure onset. Although its use has been extended recently to children, the lower age limit at which this technique is useful remains to be established. A case is reported in which ictal Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT of a 16-day-old infant revealed an area of focal hypermetabolism in the right temporal lobe corresponding to an area of focal atrophy revealed by MRI. The EEG of this infant demonstrated multifocal interictal epileptiform abnormalities and an ictal pattern with a generalized onset. This case indicates that ictal SPECT is a useful tool in the evaluation of even the youngest patients with seizures.
Surgeon condemns crude data on outcomes for causing "debacle"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz, K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A surgeon who was wrongly identified as having the highest mortality rate in the United Kingdom for a specific operation has criticised the release of crude data to the general public.

Simon Payne, a surgeon at Portsmouth Hospitals, told the BMJ that he felt like he “had been kicked in the stomach” when a number of newspapers used the incorrect and unadjusted data from the Vascular Society to name surgeons with the highest mortality rates for infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery and carotid endarterectomy.1 2 This was despite the fact that the report made it clear that none of the UK’s vascular surgeons were “outliers,” defined as performing outside the expected range.3

Payne had been recorded as having a crude mortality rate of 31% for infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm—compared with a …
1185 CHARACTERIZATION OF HCV NS3 VARIANTS THAT EMERGED DURING VIROLOGIC BREAKTHROUGH AND RELAPSE FROM BI 201335 PHASE II SILEN-C2 STUDY IN PEGIFN/RBV TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS
Authors: G. Kukolj, R. Bethell, M. Cartier, A. Cote-Martin, L. Lagace, M. Marquis, I. Triki, M. Sulkowski, T. Asselah, J. Lalezari, P. Ferenci, W.O. Bocher, Y. Datsenko, G. Nehmiz, J. Scherer, G. Steinmann, J.O. Stern
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The guinea pig I region. II. Functional analysis.
Authors: E M Shevach, M L Lundquist, A F Geczy, B D Schwartz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

We have examined whether an association exists between specific Ia antigen genes and Ir genes which are encoded within the same haplotype. Functionally monospecific sera to the Ia antigens of the guinea pig MHC were selective in their ability to inhibit antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and we were thus able to demonstrate an association between individual Ia specificities and specific Ir genes. The results of these studies in inbred animals were confirmed by examining the association of Ir genes and Ia antigens in the outbred guinea pig population. Of great interest was the observation that antisera made against cross-reactive Ia antigens of strains lacking specific Ir genes would still inhibit immune responses of strains possessing the Ir gene, if the Ir gene was associated with that Ia antigen in the responder strain.
Persistence with Statins and Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Gabriel Chodick, Howard Amital, Yoav Shalem, Ehud Kokia, Anthony D. Heymann, Avi Porath, Varda Shalev
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

In a retrospective cohort study, Gabriel Chodick and colleagues find a significant association between persistence with statin therapy and reduced risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, but only a modest decrease in risk of osteoarthritis.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Antidepressant Drugs
Authors: Jonathan O. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE NEWER ANTIDEPRESSANT drugs have now been used experimentally and clinically for approximately seven years. Their place in the physician's armamentarium is still far from clear, although many clinicians feel that the drugs are useful and effective. However, controlled clinical trials of these agents have not always led to unequivocally positive findings. Even when such findings have been favorable to the drug under study, the differences between the efficacy of the drug and a placebo have not been as great as one might wish, or as one might have anticipated after reading published reports of uncontrolled studies. Probably two major factors combine to produce this discrepancy. First, depression is, on the whole, one of the psychiatric conditions with the best prognosis for eventual recovery with or without treatment. Most depressions are self-limited and the spontaneous or placebo-induced improvement rate is often high. For example, in a series of nine controlled
Radiological Evaluation of the Chronic Venous Stasis Syndrome
Authors: John S. Train
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Chronic venous stasis is an extremely complex clinical syndrome of pain and changes in the skin that can involve the superficial, deep, and perforating veins. This syndrome is commonly referred to as "the postphlebitic syndrome," implying that thrombophlebitis is its sole etiology. To test this hypothesis, we performed ascending venography on 51 limbs of patients with the chronic venous stasis syndrome and demonstrated that 32 had no radiological evidence of recent or old thrombophlebitis. Instead, they had normal-appearing veins, suggesting primary incompetence of the deep and/or perforating venous valves rather than thrombophlebitis as the etiology. Since various operations have recently been proposed to correct or bypass malfunctioning valves, precise demonstration of pathological change is required to choose the appropriate procedure and to evaluate results. Descending venograms were combined with the ascending studies in 42 limbs for this purpose. In addition to outlining the abnormalities responsible for chronic venous stasis syndrome in individual cases, interesting conclusions regarding the syndrome itself were reached. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:941-944)
Mind or Body: Distinguishing Psychological From Organic Disorders
Authors: Sara C. Charles
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book addresses one of the most perplexing and critical areas in the general practice of medicine—the clarification of symptoms that seem to be psychological in nature but are in fact manifestations of organic disease. Designed to be a practical guide to the clinical recognition of organic mental disorders, the author promises to equip the reader with skills in "critical assessment" that should reduce errors in diagnosis and ensure good medical care. Critical assessment includes the recognition of brain syndromes, presumptive clinical evidence, as well as clues that alert the clinician to the possibility of organic disorder—childhood disturbances, aging, long-term drug use—and the conditions that most frequently masquerade as psychological symptoms—brain tumors, epilepsy, and endocrine disorders. Included also are case histories, some unduly dramatic, all gleaned from the literature, designed to serve as a self-testing and teaching device. This is a well-written book—up to date, factual, and well referenced. Particularly
Effects of Gender and Age at Diagnosis on Disease Progression in Long-term Survivors of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Jerry A. Nick, Cathy S. Chacon, Sara J. Brayshaw, Marion C. Jones, Christine M. Barboa, Connie G. St. Clair, Robert L. Young, David P. Nichols, Jennifer S. Janssen, Gwen A. Huitt, Michael D. Iseman, Charles L. Daley, Jennifer L. Taylor-Cousar, Frank J. Accurso, Milene T. Saavedra, Marci K. Sontag
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Long-term survivors of cystic fibrosis (CF) (age > 40 yr) are a growing population comprising both patients diagnosed with classic manifestations in childhood, and nonclassic phenotypes typically diagnosed as adults. Little is known concerning disease progression and outcomes in these cohorts.Objectives: Examine effects of age at diagnosis and gender on disease progression, setting of care, response to treatment, and mortality in long-term survivors of CF.Methods: Retrospective analysis of the Colorado CF Database (1992–2008), CF Foundation Registry (1992–2007), and Multiple Cause of Death Index (1992–2005).Measurements and Main Results: Patients with CF diagnosed in childhood and who survive to age 40 years have more severe CFTR genotypes and phenotypes compared with adult-diagnosed patients. However, past the age of 40 years the rate of FEV1 decline and death from respiratory complications were not different between these cohorts. Compared with males, childhood-diagnosed females were less likely to reach age 40 years, experienced faster FEV1 declines, and no survival advantage. Females comprised the majority of adult-diagnosed patients, and demonstrated equal FEV1 decline and longer survival than males, despite a later age at diagnosis. Most adult-diagnosed patients were not followed at CF centers, and with increasing age a smaller percentage of CF deaths appeared in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Registry. However, newly diagnosed adults demonstrated sustained FEV1 improvement in response to CF center care.Conclusions: For patients with CF older than 40 years, the adult diagnosis correlates with delayed but equally severe pulmonary disease. A gender-associated disadvantage remains for females diagnosed in childhood, but is not present for adult-diagnosed females.
German cockroach extract activates protease-activated receptor 2 in human airway epithelial cells☆
Authors: Jeong Hee Hong, Syng-Ill Lee, Kyu-Earn Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Jeong Taeg Seo, Myung Hyun Sohn, Dong Min Shin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Why babies are more conscious than we are
Authors: Alison Gopnik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Block argues for a method and a substantive thesis – that consciousness overflows accessibility. The method can help answer the question of what it is like to be a baby. Substantively, infant consciousness may be accessible in some ways but not others. But development itself can also add important methodological tools and substantive insights to the study of consciousness.
Disturbed Connexin43 Gap Junction Distribution Correlates With the Location of Reentrant Circuits in the Epicardial Border Zone of Healing Canine Infarcts That Cause Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Nicholas S. Peters, James Coromilas, Nicholas J. Severs, Andrew L. Wit
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Slow, nonuniform conduction caused by abnormal gap-junctional coupling of infarct-related myocardium is thought to be a component of the arrhythmogenic substrate. The hypothesis that changes in gap-junctional distribution in the epicardial border zone (EBZ) of healing canine infarcts define the locations of reentrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) circuits was tested by correlating activation maps of the surviving subepicardial myocardial layer with immunolocalization of the principal gap-junctional protein, connexin43 (Cx43). Methods and Results The EBZ overlying 4-day-old anterior infarcts in three dogs with inducible VT and three noninducible dogs was mapped with a high-resolution electrode array and systematically examined by standard histology and confocal immunolocalization of Cx43. The thickness of the EBZ was significantly less in the hearts with (538±257 μm) than without (840±132 μm; P &lt;.05) VT. At the interface with the underlying necrotic cells, the EBZ myocardium showed a marked disruption of gap-junctional distribution, with Cx43 labeling abnormally arrayed longitudinally along the lateral surfaces of the cells. In the EBZ of all hearts, the disrupted Cx43 labeling extended part of the way to the epicardial surface, with the most superficial epicardial myocytes having the normal transversely orientated pattern. Only in the hearts with inducible VT did the disorganization extend through the full thickness of the surviving layer at sites correlating with the location of the central common pathways of the figure-of-8 reentrant VT circuits. Conclusions Altered gap-junctional distribution is part of the early remodeling of myocardium after infarction, and by defining the location of the common central pathway of the reentrant VT circuits, it may be a determinant of VT susceptibility.
Myofilament protein carbonylation contributes to the contractile dysfunction in the infarcted LV region of mouse hearts
Authors: Ágnes Balogh, David Santer, Enikő T. Pásztor, Attila Tóth, Dániel Czuriga, Bruno K. Podesser, Karola Trescher, Kornelia Jaquet, Ferenc Erdődi, István Édes, Zoltán Papp
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

AimsThe region-specific mechanical function of left ventricular (LV) murine cardiomyocytes and the role of phosphorylation and oxidative modifications of myofilament proteins were investigated in the process of post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodelling 10 weeks after ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced lung and pleural injury in sheep. Differential protective effect of circulating versus alveolar immunoglobulin G antibody.
Authors: J F Pittet, M A Matthay, G Pier, M Grady, J P Wiener-Kronish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The overall objective of these studies was to determine whether IgG antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa would modify the acute lung and pleural injury that developed over 24 h after the instillation of 10(10) live P. aeruginosa into the distal airspaces of one lung in unanesthetized sheep. Using a quantitative experimental model to measure protein permeability across the alveolar epithelial, lung endothelial, and pleural mesothelial barriers, the effect of IgG antibody to P. aeruginosa was examined under four different experimental conditions. First, the effect of IgG antibody to P. aeruginosa in the circulation was examined by instilling 10(10) live P. aeruginosa in 5% ovine albumin in sheep that had been vaccinated. Under these conditions, the presence of circulating IgG antibody to P. aeruginosa reduced lung endothelial injury but did not modify the lung epithelial or pleural injury caused by intraalveolar P. aeruginosa. Therefore, the second experimental protocol determined the effect of instilling immune serum from a sheep that had been vaccinated so that IgG antibody to P. aeruginosa was present in both the circulation and in the airspaces along with instillation of live bacteria. Under these conditions, injury to the lung endothelium, alveolar epithelium, and pleural space was completely prevented. Therefore, the third protocol examined the protective effect of instillation of IgG antibody to P. aeruginosa in the airspaces concurrent with the live bacteria. Interestingly, intraalveolar IgG antibody to P. aeruginosa prevented all evidence of lung epithelial and pleural injury, and this effect was associated with a marked decrease in the number of viable bacteria in the lung after 24 h. Therefore, the fourth protocol examined the prophylactic effect of instillation of the specific IgG antibody to P. aeruginosa 24 h before instillation of the bacteria. With this prophylactic regimen, epithelial, endothelial, and pleural injury were prevented, and there was a significant decrease in the number of bacteria recovered from the lung. Thus, delivery of IgG antibody to P. aeruginosa the distal airspaces of the lung alone may provide a novel therapeutic approach to preventing acute pulmonary infection caused by P. aeruginosa.