tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention and Treatment of Running Injuries
Authors: Wilson Del Pizzo
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This is a fine, enjoyable book. The editors have brought together a number of knowledgeable and well-known contributors who have written on the major topics in running and running injuries. The book has a well-organized format. The initial chapters deal with biomechanics and examination of the runner, and the ensuing chapters with injuries involved in running. The final chapters deal with aspects important to runners, such as flexibility and stretching and nutritional needs. A chapter has also been devoted to injuries of female runners. The contributing authors have done an outstanding job of discussing their individual topics, both in reviewing appropriate literature and conveying their personal experiences, which we found rewarding. The prose is easy to read, and there is an appropriate number of figures and charts. Two chapters that are especially outstanding are chapter 14, "Spine Problems in the Runner," and chapter 7, "Exertional Compartment Syndromes." This is not
Sirolimus-eluting stent for treatment of in-stent restenosis: One-year angiographic and intravascular ultrasound follow-up
Authors: Kengo Tanabe, Degertekin Muzaffer, Evelyn Regar, Chi-hang Lee, Pieter C. Smits, Willem J. van der Giessen, Pim de Feyter, Jeffrey J. Popma, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia: Effect of Elective Splenectomy on the Course of Disease
Authors: A. S. D. Spiers, A. G. Baikie, D. A. G. Galton, H. G. H. Richards, E. Wiltshaw, J. M. Goldman, D. Catovsky, J. Spencer, R. Peto
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Conventional treatment by drugs or irradiation produces little prolongation of life in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (C.G.L.) because the onset of metamorphosis of the disease from a chronic to an acute or subacute leukaemic process is not substantially postponed. Isolated clinical observations as well as both cytogenetic and cytokinetic evidence suggest that the spleen may play a special though not exclusive role in the development of undifferentiated cell clones which lead to metamorphosis of C.G.L. The results of a study of elective splenectomy during the chronic phase of the disease are reported. Twenty-six patients with C.G.L. underwent splenectomy during clinical remission of their disease, and there were no deaths after the operation. Twenty-one patients were alive at the time of writing, two of them eight years after splenectomy. Five cases of metamorphosis of C.G.L. to a refractory phase occurred whereas 10 would have been expected, a significant difference. After the onset of metamorphosis the quality of life was better in splenectomized than in non-splenectomized patients. These results show that splenectomy is a reasonable and safe procedure in C.G.L., and its apparently beneficial effects on prognosis justify a larger controlled clinical trial.
Lower Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Diabetes Associated With Daily Seal Oil or Salmon Consumption among Alaska Natives
Authors: Amanda I Adler, Edward J Boyko, Cynthia D Schraer, Neil J Murphy
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To examine the association of seal oil and salmon consumption with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) among Alaska Natives. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Screening was performed on 666 Yup'ik Eskimos and Athabaskan Indians ≥40 years old in 15 villages. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain partial food frequency data. A case was defined as IGT or NIDDM, either newly discovered or known. Newly discovered cases (11 patients with NIDDM and 17 with IGT) were determined by random blood glucose testing followed by a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for those with values ≥ 6.72 mmol/l or for subjects with unconfirmed histories of glucose intolerance. Known cases included 26 patients with NIDDM and 1 with IGT. Control subjects had random blood glucoses &amp;lt;6.72 or normal OGTT results. RESULTS Compared with less-than-daily consumption, both daily seal oil (odds ratio [OR] 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–0.8) and daily salmon consumption (OR 0.5, CI 0.2–1.1) were associated with a lower prevalence of glucose intolerance, controlling for age, ethnicity, body mass index, and sex. The effects were similar when limited to newly discovered cases: OR 0.3, CI 0.1–1.3 for seal oil and OR 0.4, CI 0.1–1.3 for salmon. Consumption of seal oil at least five times per week was required to reduce risk. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of seal oil and salmon, high in ω-3 fatty acids, appears to lower the risk of glucose intolerance and is a potentially modifiable risk factor for NIDDM in Alaska Natives.
Learned Control of Cardiac Rate and Cardiac Conduction in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: Eugene R. Bleecker, Bernard T. Engel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

IT has been shown that normal men can be trained to slow, speed and cyclically slow and speed heart rate.1 2 3 4 Patients with premature ventricular contractions can be trained to decrease and to control them.5 Patients with chronic atrial fibrillation can be trained to change ventricular rate by the modification of vagal tone to the atrioventricular node.6 Our purpose in this study was to determine whether a patient with intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can learn to control heart rate and also to modify the pathway of cardiac conduction.Case ReportA 29-year-old woman was admitted to the Gerontology Research Center in 1972. . . .
PTH-137 The Gi And Nutrition Team Service (giants): Managing Gi Consequences Of Cancer Treatment – Who? What? And How?
Authors: A Muls, J Andreyev
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Our clinic specialising in gastrointestinal problems after cancer treatment, seems to be attracting patients with GI consequences resulting from a wider variety of cancer therapies. We present an analysis of new patients referred to our GI and Nutrition Team service. <h3>Methods</h3> A service evaluation of new patients attending the clinic is ongoing after gaining appropriate approvals. All patients attending clinic complete a patient recorded outcome measure describing their symptoms, a Bristol Stool Chart describing stool type and a quality of life scale. Patients are investigated systematically depending on their symptoms, using a peer-reviewed algorithm. Patient characteristics, symptom incidence and severity are recorded prospectively. <h3>Results</h3> Data for July-December 2012 were analysed. 207 patients were newly referred to the GIANTs. Their median age was 61.6 years (range: 22–89). 55% were male. The largest group were patients treated for a urological malignancy (37%), followed by those with a gynaecological (18%), colorectal (16%), upper GI cancer (12%), other cancers (8%), haematological malignancy (6%) and no previous cancer diagnosis (3%). 71% of patients had received pelvic radiotherapy, 3% chemotherapy, 11% GI surgery and 11% were treated with both chemotherapy and surgery. 4% had not yet received any cancer treatment and were usually referred to exclude the presence of IBD, a relative contra-indication to radiotherapy. Comparing symptom profiles of patients who received pelvic radiotherapy (n = 140) and those treated with other treatment modalities (n = 61), reveals that most patients were troubled by multiple symptoms: urgency (62 vs. 52%), diarrhoea (57 vs. 51%), tenesmus (47 vs. 43%), flatulence (56 vs. 52%), borborygmi (36% vs 52%) abdominal pain (39% both groups), bloating (29 vs. 38%), faecal leakage (16 vs. 31%) and nocturnal defaecation (31% both groups). Rectal bleeding was reported by 34% of patients who received pelvic radiation, compared to 13% in the other group. Fatigue affected both groups (46 vs. 54%). The types of diagnosis to account for the symptoms made in both groups were similar: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (24% pelvic radiotherapy vs. 28% other cancer treatments). Bile acid malabsorption was diagnosed in 16% (both groups) and pancreatic insufficiency in 6 and 5%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Gastrointestinal problems after any cancer treatment are frequent and the symptom burden is high. The prevalence of symptoms patients describe after pelvic radiotherapy differs from those treated with other modalities but the causes identified for those symptoms are the same. A systematic management algorithm and multidisciplinary approach is required to manage those complex symptoms optimally. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Frequency and Determinants of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Deployment Among Primary Prevention Candidates With Subsequent Sudden Cardiac Arrest in the Community
Authors: Kumar Narayanan, Kyndaron Reinier, Audrey Uy-Evanado, Carmen Teodorescu, Harpriya Chugh, Eloi Marijon, Karen Gunson, Jonathan Jui, Sumeet S. Chugh
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— The prevalence rates and influencing factors for deployment of primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) among subjects who eventually experience sudden cardiac arrest in the general population have not been evaluated. Methods and Results— Cases of adult sudden cardiac arrest with echocardiographic evaluation before the event were identified from the ongoing Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study (population approximately 1 million). Eligibility for primary ICD implantation was determined from medical records based on established guidelines. The frequency of prior primary ICD implantation in eligible subjects was evaluated, and ICD nonrecipients were characterized. Of 2093 cases (2003–2012), 448 had appropriate pre– sudden cardiac arrest left ventricular ejection fraction information available. Of these, 92 (20.5%) were eligible for primary ICD implantation, 304 (67.9%) were ineligible because of left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;35%, and the remainder (52, 11.6%) had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% but were ineligible on the basis of clinical guideline criteria. Among eligible subjects, only 12 (13.0%; 95% confidence interval, 6.1%–19.9%) received a primary ICD. Compared with recipients, primary ICD nonrecipients were older (age at ejection fraction assessment, 67.1±13.6 versus 58.5±14.8 years, P =0.05), with 20% aged ≥80 years (versus 0% among recipients, P =0.11). Additionally, a subgroup (26%) had either a clinical history of dementia or were undergoing chronic dialysis. Conclusions— Only one fifth of the sudden cardiac arrest cases in the community were eligible for a primary prevention ICD before the event, but among these, a small proportion (13%) were actually implanted. Although older age and comorbidity may explain nondeployment in a subgroup of these cases, other determinants such as socioeconomic factors, health insurance, patient preference, and clinical practice patterns warrant further detailed investigation.
Book: Please Don't Break My Other Leg! A Guide to Empathising with Patients
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Valerie Mirvis University Press of America, $33/£21.95/€37.66, pp 230 ISBN 0 7618 2119 8 http://www.univpress.com/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> I'd like to report that I read this book from cover to cover and absorbed every bit of good advice that exudes from its pages. But I didn't. It was partly because there's so much to take in (and a lot of it makes painful reading for us professionals), but partly because frankly I found much of its anecdotal style rather too “holier than thou” to digest with … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Identification of the Earliest B Lineage Stage in Mouse Bone Marrow
Authors: Yue-Sheng Li, Robert Wasserman, Kyoko Hayakawa, Richard R. Hardy
Journal: Immunity (1996)

We have identified a very early stage of B lineage cells in the CD45R (B220)+CD24 (HSA) pre-pro-B fraction of mouse bone marrow delineated by expression of AA4.1, a molecule found on stem cells and early B lineage cells. These cells are B lineage precursors based on their capacity to generate B lineage cells rapidly in stromal-dependent culture and their expression of high levels of germline IgH transcripts in the absence of Rag-1/2. Half of these AA4.1+ precursors express low levels of CD4, characteristic of lymphoid progenitors, but few if any have up-regulated CD19, a molecule expressed very early in the B lineage. Furthermore, expression of genes encoding pre-B and B cell receptor components (mb-1, B29, and lambda 5) and transcription factors necessary for B lineage differentiation (BSAP, E12, E47, and Id) provide further support for designating these cells as the earliest B cell precursors.
Clinical Ethics: Theory and Practice
Authors: David L. Schiedermayer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Medical ethics has really arrived; ethicists are having turf battles. At first glance these skirmishes may seem distasteful or even churlish, but this is, after all, real turf. At stake is the burgeoning clinical and economic "enterprise" of ethics—blocks of time in medical school curricula, grants, research projects and publications, hospital ethics consultations, ethics committees and ethics committee networks, media visibility, legislative influence, and opportunities to provide "expert" testimony. The two sides are, increasingly, those who might be called "theorists" vs those who might be called "empiricists" (or "ethical theorists" vs "applied ethicists," or "bioethicists" vs "clinical ethicists"). This book is an interesting attempt to come to terms with this Cartesian schism by addressing the nature of the discipline of medical ethics itself. To this end, the editors have pulled together a series of essays developed from lectures given at a 1986 conference in London, Ontario, Canada. As the editors
Cardiomyopathy and Hypoplastic Coronary Arteries
Authors: Hampton R. Bates
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Forbes and Bradley 1 reviewed evidence supporting a relationship between chronic hypoxia and increased cardiac muscle mass, and suggested that some cases of cardiomyopathy are caused by abnormalities of coronary arteries. The case reported here supports that view.  Report of a Case.—  A 31-year-old woman died suddenly on the street. She had suffered painless heart disease of four years' duration, characterized by cardiac enlargement, palpitations, low blood pressure, and congestive failure. Abnormal autopsy findings were limited to the heart, which weighed 0.32 kg and showed biventricular dilatation. The valves were normal. The coronary ostia and main coronary arteries were extremely small, and the secondary arterial lumens were almost invisible to the unaided eye. Muscle fibers in both ventricles were hypertrophied and many fibers of the free wall of the left ventricle had been replaced by collagen, which in many areas surrounded isolated, hypertrophied muscle cells. The same
Reply to Letter to the Editor on “Surgical resection plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone: comparison of two strategies to treat diffuse large B-cell gastric lymphoma”, byM. Binn, A. Ruskoné-Fourmestraux, E. Lepage et al. (Ann Oncol 2003; 14: 1751–1757)
Authors: J.-C. Delchier
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Preeclampsia and HELLP Syndrome
Authors: JOEL M. ROSEN, KURT C. LUHMANN, RAMESH A. TANK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP syndrome) may develop in patients with preeclampsia. These patients often have right upper quadrant pain, and they may suffer from hepatic, Intraparenchymal, or subcapsular hematomas, or hepatic necrosis. During her 37th week of pregnancy, one woman in whom this syndrome developed had right upper quadrant pain and was evaluated after delivery with hepatobiliary scintigraphy. This may be the first report of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with this syndrome. The scan excluded acute cholecystitis as the cause of the patient's symptoms and demonstrated focal defects consistent with hepatic hematomas, necrosis, or both. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy Is an efficient scintigraphic method of evaluation for stable postpartum patients suspected of having the HELLP syndrome.
Profiling of CSF: Reliability of Diagnosis
Authors: Robert Matthews
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Joal HillI read with interest the debate about for-profi t versus non-profi t institutional review boards (IRBs) [1], but was disappointed that no one addressed the ability (or inability) of for-profi t IRBs to review studies with the local context of research subjects in mind and then monitor what actually occurs during the consent process throughout the research trial.To my mind the "bigness" of for-profi t IRBs may be more of an impediment in protecting research subjects than their inherent confl ict of interest.Our IRB has reviewed consent forms approved by central/for-profi t IRBs that contained obvious errors such as schemas that did not match protocol narrative and use of eight point font in a study of geriatric subjects.Even when the initial review is outstanding, it seems a practical impossibility for a single IRB to provide meaningful monitoring of the actual consent process and implementation of the protocol at sites throughout the country.The greater "effi ciency" of for-profi t IRBs is only a meaningful benefi t if increased speed can be shown not to occur at the expense of careful review of consent forms, real understanding of the local research context, and a commitment to audit the informed consent process throughout the study for the protection of research subjects, including ongoing education and advice for researchers and their teams.This is not to say that all local IRBs perform this function as they should, but it does seem almost impossible for one IRB to perform local review and oversight for research sites around the nation in a way that really makes a difference for the men, women, and children who give of their time and their bodies so that society can benefi t.
Heparin Therapy in Coumadin® Breast Necrosis
Authors: DAVID TONG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 February 1976Heparin Therapy in Coumadin® Breast NecrosisDAVID TONG, M.B., B.S., D.M.R.T.DAVID TONG, M.B., B.S., D.M.R.T.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-2-222_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the report of Dr. Dicato and Dr. Ellman of a patient with Coumadin®-induced necrosis of the breast associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (1). They recommended treatment with heparin to reverse the thrombosis in small vessels.A few years ago, I reported a similar case of haemorrhagic necrosis of the breast in a 45-year-old woman with mitral stenosis and multiple pulmonary emboli (2). Spontaneous haemorrhage in the breast occured 2 days after starting oral phenindione (Dindevan®) therapy. This proceeded to infarction in spite of continuous heparin therapy for 5 days. The general condition of...References1. DICATO M and ELLMAN L: Coumadin®-induced necrosis of breast, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and hemolytic anaemia (letter). Ann Intern Med 83:233-234, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. TONG D: Haemorrhagic necrosis of the breast complicating anticoagulant therapy and mitral stenosis. Br J Surg 58:625-628, 1971 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. PRESTON F and EDWARDS I: Post-partum purpira fulminans: successful management with streptokinase. Br Med J 3:329-330, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID TONG, M.B., B.S., D.M.R.T.Affiliations: Radiotherapy Department Guy's Hospital St. Thomas Street London SE1 9RT England PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1976Volume 84, Issue 2Page: 222-222KeywordsDisseminated intravascular coagulationHeparinInfarctionMitral stenosisNecrosisStenosisThrombosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
The sensitivity of an actinic reticuloid cell strain to near-ultraviolet radiation and its modification by Trolox-C, a vitamin E analogue
Authors: A. KRALLI, S.H. MOSS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article The sensitivity of an actinic reticuloid cell strain to near‐ultraviolet radiation and its modification by Trolox‐C, a vitamin E analogue Get access A. KRALLI, A. KRALLI School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, Avon, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.H. MOSS S.H. MOSS School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, Avon, U.K. Dr S.H.Moss. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 6, 1 June 1987, Pages 761–772, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04894.x Published: 01 June 1987
A Critical Role for Muscle Ring Finger-1 in Acute Lung Injury–associated Skeletal Muscle Wasting
Authors: D. Clark Files, Franco R. D'Alessio, Laura F. Johnston, Priya Kesari, Neil R. Aggarwal, Brian T. Garibaldi, Jason R. Mock, Jessica L. Simmers, Antonio DeGorordo, Jared Murdoch, Monte S. Willis, Cam Patterson, Clarke G. Tankersley, Maria L. Messi, Chun Liu, Osvaldo Delbono, J. David Furlow, Sue C. Bodine, Ronald D. Cohn, Landon S. King, Michael T. Crow
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a debilitating condition associated with severe skeletal muscle weakness that persists in humans long after lung injury has resolved. The molecular mechanisms underlying this condition are unknown.To identify the muscle-specific molecular mechanisms responsible for muscle wasting in a mouse model of ALI.Changes in skeletal muscle weight, fiber size, in vivo contractile performance, and expression of mRNAs and proteins encoding muscle atrophy-associated genes for muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) and atrogin1 were measured. Genetic inactivation of MuRF1 or electroporation-mediated transduction of miRNA-based short hairpin RNAs targeting either MuRF1 or atrogin1 were used to identify their role in ALI-associated skeletal muscle wasting.Mice with ALI developed profound muscle atrophy and preferential loss of muscle contractile proteins associated with reduced muscle function in vivo. Although mRNA expression of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1 and atrogin1, was increased in ALI mice, only MuRF1 protein levels were up-regulated. Consistent with these changes, suppression of MuRF1 by genetic or biochemical approaches prevented muscle fiber atrophy, whereas suppression of atrogin1 expression was without effect. Despite resolution of lung injury and down-regulation of MuRF1 and atrogin1, force generation in ALI mice remained suppressed.These data show that MuRF1 is responsible for mediating muscle atrophy that occurs during the period of active lung injury in ALI mice and that, as in humans, skeletal muscle dysfunction persists despite resolution of lung injury.