tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Mouse Takes on An Active Transcriptomic Expression During Postnatal Cerebral Development
Authors: Wei Xu, Chengqi Xin, Qiang Lin, Feng Ding, Wei Gong, Yuanyuan Zhou, Jun Yu, Peng Cui, Songnian Hu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Abstract Postnatal cerebral development is a complicated biological process precisely controlled by multiple genes. To understand the molecular mechanism of cerebral development, we compared dynamics of mouse cerebrum transcriptome through three developmental stages using high-throughput RNA-seq technique. Three libraries were generated from the mouse cerebrum at infancy, adolescence and adulthood, respectively. Consequently, 44,557,729 (infancy), 59,257,530 (adolescence) and 72,729,636 (adulthood) reads were produced, which were assembled into 15,344, 16,048 and 15,775 genes, respectively. We found that the overall gene expression level increased from infancy to adolescence and decreased later on upon reaching adulthood. The adolescence cerebrum has the most active gene expression, with expression of a large number of regulatory genes up-regulated and some crucial pathways activated. Transcription factor (TF) analysis suggested the similar dynamics as expression profiling, especially those TFs functioning in neurogenesis differentiation, oligodendrocyte lineage determination and circadian rhythm regulation. Moreover, our data revealed a drastic increase in myelin basic protein (MBP)-coding gene expression in adolescence and adulthood, suggesting that the brain myelin may be generated since mouse adolescence. In addition, differential gene expression analysis indicated the activation of rhythmic pathway, suggesting the function of rhythmic movement since adolescence; Furthermore, during infancy and adolescence periods, gene expression related to axon repulsion and attraction showed the opposite trends, indicating that axon repulsion was activated after birth, while axon attraction might be activated at the embryonic stage and declined during the postnatal development. Our results from the present study may shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the postnatal development of the mammalian cerebrum.
Statins and Over-the-Counter Availability
Authors: Brian L. Strom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Dr. Brian Strom on over-the-counter drugs. (08:39)Download Approximately 1000 active ingredients are currently in use in more than 100,000 over-the-counter medications in the United States, with combined annual sales exceeding $17 billion. Many drugs have recently been switched from prescription to over-the-counter status; other such switches have been proposed and rejected, in decisions that have sometimes been controversial. Drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for shifts to over-the-counter status include some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketoprofen), histamine2-receptor blockers (such as cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine), topical antifungal agents, and nicotine-based smoking-cessation products. Recent controversial decisions include . . .
Hypoglycorrhachia (Low Cerebrospinal-Fluid Sugar) in Diffuse Meningeal Neoplasm
Authors: Walter J. Levinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IN the difficult and diagnostic problem case of poorly localized Central-nervous-system disease a low concentration or absence of sugar in the spinal fluid may indicate neoplastic infiltration of the leptomeninges. Little attention to this helpful clinical finding has been paid in the medical literature for some time. The purpose of this communication is to present a case demonstrating hypoglycorrhachia in an effort to give further emphasis to this clinical syndrome.Case ReportA 47-year-old man was admitted to the hospital on January 22, 1962, for treatment of recent psychotic-type behavior. On admission he demonstrated a bizarre mental picture, mild residual . . .
A New "Disease"
Authors: A. M. Aibinder
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I wish to call attention to a new disease. Certain television viewers watching medical dramas, by identifying with the actors, tend to "catch" the disease being portrayed. Convinced they have the disease, they visit their doctor and may even request the treatment they saw administered on TV. A term to describe this might be "TV-medicitis." Perhaps a slide should be flashed at the beginning of each medical program, pointing out the dangers of self-diagnosis.
Complement activation is required for IgM-mediated enhancement of the antibody response.
Authors: B Heyman, L Pilström, M J Shulman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The ability of IgM antibodies to specifically enhance the thymus-dependent humoral immune response to particulate antigens is well documented. We have used two approaches to test whether complement factors play a role in this process. First, mice were depleted of C3 by treatment with cobra venom factor (CVF) and then immunized with SRBC with or without IgM-anti-SRBC. CVF treatment severely impaired the capacity of IgM to induce an enhanced anti-SRBC response. Moreover, it was shown that IgM can potentiate the response in C5-deficient AKR mice, thus demonstrating that the complement factors acting before C5 are the crucial ones. A second test compared the enhancing properties of two monoclonal IgM-anti-TNP antibodies where, because of a point mutation in the mu chain constant region, one of the antibodies is impaired in its capacity to activate complement. We show that the mutant antibody lacks the enhancing properties of the wild-type IgM. Activation of C3 by IgM antibodies as well as localization of antigen in the spleen seem to be necessary steps in the IgM-mediated enhancement of antibody responses. Our data offer an explanation to the immunosuppression described in CVF-treated animals as well as the low humoral immune responses in certain hereditary complement deficiencies. It is suggested that IgM indeed has an important physiological function in enhancing antibody responses to foreign substances.
Serum Level of the Antiinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 Is an Important Prognostic Determinant in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Christopher Heeschen, Stefanie Dimmeler, Christian W. Hamm, Stephan Fichtlscherer, Eric Boersma, Maarten L. Simoons, Andreas M. Zeiher
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Convincing evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. The inflammatory response is an important determinant of atherosclerotic plaque instability. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic impact of key inflammatory players, namely the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Methods and Results— IL-10, CRP, and troponin T were measured at baseline and before discharge in 547 patients enrolled in the placebo group of the c7E3 Anti Platelet Therapy in Unstable Refractory angina (CAPTURE) trial. Death and nonfatal myocardial infarction were recorded during 6-month follow-up. IL-10 levels did not correlate with troponin T concentrations but were inversely correlated with CRP levels ( P &lt;0.001). Patients with elevated IL-10 levels (&gt;3.5 pg/mL; n=276) were at significantly lower risk compared with patients with elevated IL-10 levels (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 to 0.76; P =0.002). The predictive value of IL-10 was independent of myocardial necrosis but significantly interacted with CRP levels. CRP-positive patients with IL-10 serum levels above the calculated threshold value of 3.5 pg/mL were protected from the increased cardiac risk of CRP-positive patients with low IL-10 levels (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.63; P =0.003). Moreover, discharge IL-10 levels &gt;2.5 pg/mL were associated with lower cardiac risk during 6-month follow-up (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.83; P =0.005). Conclusions— Elevated IL-10 serum levels are associated with a more favorable prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes and elevated CRP levels. These data demonstrate the importance of the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory markers as a major determinant of patients’ outcome in acute coronary syndromes.
Combination balloon-ultrasound imaging catheter for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Validation of imaging, analysis of recoil, and identification of plaque fracture.
Authors: J M Isner, K Rosenfield, D W Losordo, L Rose, R E Langevin, S Razvi, B D Kosowsky
Journal: Circulation (1991)

We investigated the hypothesis that an ultrasound transducer positioned within an angioplasty balloon could be used to perform quantitative assessment of arterial dimensions before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and to identify certain mechanical alterations consequent to PTA, including vascular wall recoil and the initiation of plaque fractures.A combination balloon-ultrasound imaging catheter (BUIC) that houses a 20-MHz ultrasound transducer within and halfway between the proximal and distal ends of an angioplasty balloon was used to perform PTA in 10 patients with peripheral vascular disease. Each PTA site was also evaluated before and after PTA by standard (nonballoon) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) technique. In eight patients in whom satisfactory images were recorded with the BUIC before PTA, luminal cross-sectional area (XSA) of stenotic sites (0.10 +/- 0.01 cm2) did not differ significantly from measurements of XSA by IVUS (0.09 +/- 0.01 cm2, p = NS). Likewise, minimum luminal diameter (Dmin) measured by BUIC (0.34 +/- 0.02 cm) was similar to that measured by IVUS (0.33 +/- 0.01 cm, p = NS). In nine patients in whom satisfactory images were recorded with the BUIC after PTA, XSA measured by BUIC (0.29 +/- 0.03 cm2) did not differ significantly from XSA measured by IVUS (0.30 +/- 0.03 cm2, p = NS). Dmin measured by BUIC after PTA (0.57 +/- 0.02 cm) was also similar to Dmin measured by IVUS (0.57 +/- 0.03 cm, p = NS). After PTA, XSA and Dmin measured immediately after deflation were significantly less than balloon XSA and diameter at full inflation, indicating significant elastic recoil of the dilated site. For the nine patients in whom post-PTA images were satisfactory for quantitative analysis, including four patients in whom recoil was 39%, 46%, 50%, and 61%, percent recoil measured 28.6 +/- 7.2%. Finally, plaque fractures were identified on-line in six of 10 patients (60%); in each case, initiation of plaque fracture was observed at inflation pressures of 2 atm or less.The results of this preliminary human investigation indicate that an ultrasound transducer positioned within an angioplasty balloon can be used to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses of lumen-plaque-wall alterations immediately preceding, during, and immediately after PTA in patients with peripheral vascular disease.
Revision of the Code of Ethics.
Authors: None Inquirer
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the american medical Association:</h3> "A Conservative Member" opposes the revision of the Code of Ethics of the Association inThe Journalof Dec. 10, for six reasons. In the first four I find the following specifications "its phraseology is lucid;" "it does not contain any superfluous statements;" "the words are simple, the language is pure and good and the presentation of the subject is clear and logical;" "all its provisions are distinctly stated, and it does not contain any expressions that can be justly condemned or that require modification." Probably the writer was one of the original members of the Association and is wedded to the redundant phraseology of the period when the Code was written. Has he read the editorial of the "<i>Medical News</i>,"of Sept. 17? If so, will he give your readers the benefit of his opinion of the views
The Risk–Benefit Profile of Commonly Used Herbal Therapies
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 December 2002The Risk–Benefit Profile of Commonly Used Herbal TherapiesEdzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FRCP(Edin)Edzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FRCP(Edin)University of Exeter; Exeter EX2 4NT, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I could not include the negative trial of St. John's wort by Shelton and colleagues (1) because it was published after I submitted my article to Annals. However, I do not agree that this trial, although rigorous, calls into question the results of previous meta-analyses. First, one trial cannot outweigh dozens of previously published studies. Second, and more important, Shelton and colleagues examined severe depression, while the vast majority of the previous investigations included only patients with mild to moderate depression. St. John's wort may well work for one type of depression but not for the other.Reference1. Shelton RC, Keller MB, Gelenberg A, Dunner DL, Hirschfeld R, Thase ME, et al . Effectiveness of St John's wort in major depression: a randomized, controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285:1978-86. [PMID: 11308434] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FRCP(Edin)Affiliations: University of Exeter; Exeter EX2 4NT, United Kingdom PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Risk–Benefit Profile of Commonly Used Herbal Therapies: Ginkgo, St. John's Wort, Ginseng, Echinacea, Saw Palmetto, and Kava Edzard Ernst The Risk–Benefit Profile of Commonly Used Herbal Therapies Sanford H. Levy Metrics 17 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 12Page: 1008 ePublished: 17 December 2002 Issue Published: 17 December 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sir Andrew Stephen
Authors: W. Purcell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1980)

died in the Royal Hallamshire Hospital on the 25th of February, 1980.He was 73 years of age.He qualified at the School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, in 1928, and came to Sheffield from his native Aberdeen in 1930, to become a partner in a local general practice.In 1946 he became "The Owls" medical officer; four years later he joined the board, and became chairman in 1956 until 1973.He became the official representative of Sheffield Wednesday F.C
PTU-123 Acute severe ulcerative colitis: the last 12 years in Edinburgh: Abstract PTU-123 Figure 1
Authors: N A Kennedy, J E Van Ross, N C Hare, G-T Ho, H E Drummond, A G Shand, I D Arnott, C W Lees, J Satsangi
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) remains a common reason for urgent colectomy, yet there are relatively few large cohort studies exploring prognosis and outcome.<sup>1–3</sup> This study aims to examine presentation and management of ASUC in the Western General Hospital, a tertiary referral centre in Edinburgh and to identify prognostic factors. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were identified from a large database of participants in genetic studies in Edinburgh, as well as from two previous small cohorts of ASUC studied in Edinburgh. More recent cases were found from minutes of a weekly IBD meeting. Cases were included if they met the standard clinical, radiological and pathological criteria for ulcerative colitis and required an admission for 3 days or more requiring intravenous corticosteroids and/or colectomy. Two cohorts were analysed, one with full clinical detail (97 admissions in 86 patients) and one with more basic detail (444 admissions in 323 patients). <h3>Results</h3> Overall colectomy rate was 31.8%. Haemoglobin, C reactive protein and albumin at days 0 and 3 were significant predictors of colectomy in both cohorts (p&lt;0.05 in each case), while in the detailed cohort day 3 but not day 0 stool frequency was predictive (p&lt;0.001 and 0.81 respectively). A simple score was derived to predict colectomy at admission based on disease extent, albumin and CRP. Scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3 corresponded to risks for colectomy of 10%, 31%, 61% and 75%. For day 3 parameters, both the Edinburgh acute colitis (Ho) score (Abstract PTU-123 figure 1) and Travis criteria performed well. <h3>Conclusion</h3> ASUC remains an important cause of colectomy. This study confirms the prognostic value of the Ho score and Travis criteria at day 3, but also indicates that day 0 CRP and albumin are strong predictors of outcome. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Dinesen LC</b>, <i>et al.</i><i>J Crohns Colitis</i> 2010;<b>4</b>:431–7. 2. <b>Ho GT</b>, <i>et al.</i><i>Aliment Pharmacol Ther</i> 2004;<b>19</b>:1079–87. 3. <b>Turner D</b>, <i>et al.</i><i>Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol</i> 2007;<b>5</b>:103–10.
Can't We Improve on Advance Directives?
Authors: Frank Carter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters4 March 2008Can't We Improve on Advance Directives?Frank Carter, MDFrank Carter, MDFrom Murfreesboro Medical Clinic, Murfreesboro, TN 37130.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-5-200803040-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I share Perkins's hope for improvement in advance care planning (1), and I would like to share an observation from a primary care practice of more than 30 years. During this time, I have offered advance directives to all my patients and discussed the broad concept with them. Although few have completed the advance directive, essentially all patients have expressed the wish to forgo life support in a situation that looks hopeless (one patient was willing to say only that she wanted her family to make decisions if she were unable). I have noted this wish in ...Reference1. Perkins HS. Controlling death: the false promise of advance directives. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:51-7. [PMID: 17606961] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Murfreesboro Medical Clinic, Murfreesboro, TN 37130.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoControlling Death: The False Promise of Advance Directives Henry S. Perkins Can't We Improve on Advance Directives? Gerlyn M. Brasic and Bernard J. Hammes Can't We Improve on Advance Directives? Henry S. Perkins Can't We Improve on Advance Directives? Kenneth J. Simcic Metrics 4 March 2008Volume 148, Issue 5Page: 405KeywordsConflicts of interestPersistent vegetative state ePublished: 4 March 2008 Issue Published: 4 March 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Adrenal Adenoma and Hypertension
Authors: Mardoqueo I. Salomon, Victor Tchertkoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 April 1972Adrenal Adenoma and HypertensionMARDOQUEO I. SALOMON, M.D., VICTOR TCHERTKOFF, M.D.MARDOQUEO I. SALOMON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, VICTOR TCHERTKOFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-4-668_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Spark and Melby in the December issue [75:831-836, 1971] on hypertension and low plasma renin activity sheds some light on the puzzling and fascinating relation between mineralocorticoids and renal function pertaining to blood pressure regulation. The authors add the statement, however, that a "high incidence of adrenal adenoma" was found at surgery in patients suspected of harboring an aldosteronoma—thus implying that the presence of adenoma would confirm the preoperative diagnosis of hypertension caused by such an adenoma.First, strict criteria should be used for the anatomic diagnosis of adrenal adenomas, which frequently overlaps with...References1. TCHERTKOFFGARRETSALOMON VRM: Adrenal "tumors" and benign hypertension. N Y State J Med 69:2319-2322, 1969 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. HARTCYRUS MA: Hyaline globules of the adrenal medulla. Am J Clin Pathol 49:387-391, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. GUNNELLSMCGUFFINROBINSON JWR: Hypertension, adrenal abnormalities and alterations in plasma renin activity. Ann Intern Med 73:901-911, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1972Volume 76, Issue 4Page: 668-669KeywordsAdenomasAdrenal adenomaBlood pressureHypertensionMineralocorticoidsPlasma renin activitySurgery Issue Published: 1 April 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
An Open Letter to the Members and Friends of the Medical Profession (Regular) in Michigan.
Authors: Donald Maclean
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Detroit, Mich., July 20, 1896. An organization calling itself "The Michigan Medical Legislative League" has, in a printed circular, appealed to you and to me for aid and comfort in its efforts to accomplish a certain self-imposed task, namely: "To secure through organized effort just and equitable laws regulating the practice of medicine in Michigan and to promote the interests of the medical fraternity." Truly a noble object and worthy the utmost effort of every lover of science and friend of humanity. The Executive Board of the League consists of three irregulars and two members of the regular profession. For almost a quarter of a century in this State, I and my professional associates have labored and waited and hoped for the accomplishment of this, which is plainly declared to be the main "object" of the "Legislative League." It is needless to say that its attainment is as dear to
Thrombophlebitis With Diazepam Used Intravenously
Authors: David E. Langdon
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In more than 1,500 intravenous administrations of diazepam (Valium) for gastrointestinal endoscopy, an incidence of thrombophlebitis of approximately 3.5% resulted. In a few cases, the phlebitis was protracted and involved a long segment of vein. We now recommend that small veins or hand veins be avoided. If the vein is painful after injection, vigorous flushing of the vein is indicated. Administration of heparin sodium for two to three days is effective, and this therapy should be considered in more severe cases. Preliminary results of a randomized prophylactic-flush study indicate decreased severity with flushing.
Proliferative epidermis of essential fatty acid deficient mice has reduced cyclic AMP content
Authors: NICHOLAS J. LOWE, ELIZABETH DUELL, JOHN J. VOORHEES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

We have simultancoulsy measured epidermal DNA synthesis, epidermal thickness and cyclic nucleotide levels in essential fatty acid (EFA) deficient hairless mice skin. In vitro epidermal DNA synthesis and epidermal thickness were significantly increased in EFA deficient epidermis. Cyclic AMP levels were significantly reduced when expressed using three different data bases. Cyclic GMP levels were increased using two data bases but these increases were not statistically significant. Cyclic AMP cyclic GMP ratios were signiticantly decreased in the EFA deficient skin. The results provide evidence that cyclic nucleotide levels are altered in an animal model of benign epidermal proliferation.