tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Crashes and Violations among Older Drivers
Authors: Siraj O. Wali
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 June 1995Crashes and Violations among Older DriversSiraj O. Wali, Morley Lertzman, and Meir KrygerSiraj O. Wali, Morley Lertzman, and Meir KrygerAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-11-199506010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In the article by Marottoli and colleagues [1] about automobile crashes among elderly drivers, data were collected from 283 drivers on independent variables in demographic, health, psychosocial, activity, and physical performance. However, data should have been obtained about sleep disorders that are common in elderly persons, including sleep-disordered breathing, periodic leg movements, and poor sleep habits. These may result in excessive daytime somnolence, which may lead to automobile crashes [2].Obstructive sleep apnea is present in 2% to 4% of the population in North America [3]. It increases with advancing age even in healthy elderly persons. It ...References1. Marottoli RA, Cooney LM Jr, Wagner DR, Doucette J, Tinetti ME. Predictors of automobile crashes and moving violations among elderly drivers. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:842-6. Google Scholar2. Sleep apnea, sleepiness and driving risk. Official Statement of American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; 150:1463-73. Google Scholar3. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. Occurrence of sleep disordered breathing among middle aged adults. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:1230-5. Google Scholar4. Hoch C, Reynolds CF 3d, Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Yeager AL, Houck PR, et al. Comparison of sleep disordered breathing among healthy elderly in the seventh, eighth, and ninth decades of life. Sleep. 1990; 13:502-11. Google Scholar5. Findley LJ, Unverzagt ME, Suratt PM. Automobile accidents in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Resp Dis. 1988; 138:337-40. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 11Page: 885KeywordsElderlyHabitsPhysical activitySleepSleep apneaSleep disorders Issue Published: 1 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Differential effects of leflunomide and methotrexate on cytokine production in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M C Kraan, T J M Smeets, M J van Loon, F C Breedveld, B A C Dijkmans, P P Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> T cells have a pivotal role in RA. Leflunomide inhibits pyrimidine biosynthesis, to which T cells are especially susceptible, and therefore may have a different cytokine profile than methotrexate. <b>Materials and methods:</b> Serum samples of 100 patients with RA, treated with leflunomide (n = 50) or methotrexate (n = 50), were collected at baseline, after 16 weeks and after 1 year's treatment. Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL6), and interferon (IFN) γ were determined by ELISA. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of five healthy volunteers and three patients with RA were isolated and the effects of the active metabolite of leflunomide (A77-1726, 0–200 mmol/l) on cell proliferation and on IL6 and IFNγ production were determined by ELISA. In peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and monocytes (PBM) from two healthy volunteers the effects of A77-1726 on IL6 production were measured by ELISA and PCR. <b>Results:</b> Mean (SEM) serum levels of IFNγ were significantly reduced after leflunomide treatment (baseline 43 (10) pg/ml; 1 year 29 (7) (p = 0.015), but there was no change in IL6 levels (baseline 158 (41), 1 year 151 (48)). Both IFNγ and IL6 levels were significantly reduced after methotrexate treatment. This observation was supported by in vitro experiments. The production of IFNγ by PBL was inhibited by A77-1726, but IL6 production by PBM was not inhibited. <b>Conclusion:</b> The differential effect on IFNγ and IL6 production supports the hypothesis that activated T cells are preferentially inhibited by leflunomide. An explanation may be either inhibition of uridine synthesis or effects on signal transduction pathways.
Fontan procedure for tricuspid atresia.
Authors: A W Gale, G K Danielson, D C McGoon, R B Wallace, D D Mair
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A Fontan procedure has been performed on 29 patients for tricuspid valvular atresia. The age range was 8 months to 33 years (median 10 years), the pulmonary vascular resistance ranged from 1.8-6.1 units . m2 (mean 3.3 units . m2), and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure ranged from 13-45 mm Hg (mean 21 mm Hg). Twenty-nine previous operations had been performed in 23 patients. Fourteen other associated cardiopulmonary anomalies were present in 12 patients. There were four hospital deaths (13.8%), all in patients with complicating features. Among the last 22 consecutive patients who have undergone operation, one died (4.5%). Complete atrioventricular block necessitated pacemaker implantation in one patient. No late deaths occurred. Of the 19 patients followed 3 months or more from the time of operation, eight have no restriction of exercise capacity, nine have only mild restriction, and two have a poor result. The Fontan approach to tricuspid atresia has several theoretical advantages over previously used shunts or pulmonary artery banding, the operative mortality in patients who have suitable anatomy and hemodynamics is low, and the results have been good.
Two tales concerning skeletal muscle
Authors: David J. Glass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

It was previously appreciated that the determination of skeletal muscle fiber type (fast or slow) could be regulated by class II histone deacetylases (HDACs), which function by inhibiting the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). In a report by Potthoff et al. in this issue of the JCI, it is further shown that HDACs are degraded via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, opening up a search for the putative E3 ligase that mediates the proteolysis of the responsible HDACs (see the related article beginning on page 2459). In a second report, by Suzuki et al., a new convergence between the biology of muscular dystrophy and muscle atrophy is elucidated (see the related study beginning on page 2468). It had previously been known that NO signaling is dysregulated during muscular dystrophy due to the disruption of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC), which anchors neuronal NOS (nNOS). Here it is shown that nNOS is similarly perturbed in a setting of skeletal muscle atrophy. Both of these studies suggest new avenues for the treatment of skeletal muscle disease.
Mind Bomb 1-Expressing Intermediate Progenitors Generate Notch Signaling to Maintain Radial Glial Cells
Authors: Ki-Jun Yoon, Bon-Kyoung Koo, Sun-Kyoung Im, Hyun-Woo Jeong, Jaewang Ghim, Min-chul Kwon, Jin-Sook Moon, Takaki Miyata, Young-Yun Kong
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Branched-chain amino acids as pharmacological nutrients in chronic liver disease
Authors: Takumi Kawaguchi, Namiki Izumi, Michael R. Charlton, Michio Sata
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a group of essential amino acids comprising valine, leucine, and isoleucine. A low ratio of plasma BCAAs to aromatic amino acids is a physiological hallmark of liver cirrhosis, and BCAA supplementation was originally devised with the intention of normalizing amino acid profiles and nutritional status. However, recent studies on BCAAs have revealed that, in addition to their role as protein constituents, they may have a role as pharmacological nutrients for patients with chronic liver disease. Large-scale, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trials on BCAA supplementation have been performed in Italy and Japan, and results demonstrate that BCAA supplementation improves not only nutritional status, but also prognosis and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis. Moreover, accumulating experimental evidence suggests that the favorable effects of BCAA supplementation on prognosis may be supported by unforeseen pharmacological actions of BCAAs. This review summarizes the possible effects of BCAAs on albumin synthesis and insulin resistance from clinical and basic viewpoints. We also review the newly discovered clinical impact of BCAAs on hepatocellular carcinoma and the prognosis and quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
A novel orally active proteasome inhibitor induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells with mechanisms distinct from Bortezomib
Authors: Dharminder Chauhan, Laurence Catley, Guilan Li, Klaus Podar, Teru Hideshima, Mugdha Velankar, Constantine Mitsiades, Nicolas Mitsiades, Hiroshi Yasui, Anthony Letai, Huib Ovaa, Celia Berkers, Benjamin Nicholson, Ta-Hsiang Chao, Saskia T.C. Neuteboom, Paul Richardson, Michael A. Palladino, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Cancer Cell (2005)
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer With a Favorable Histology
Authors: Susan M. Gapstur, Monica Morrow, Thomas A. Sellers
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextLong-term, postmenopausal use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) appears to increase breast cancer risk. Whether the effect of HRT use on risk of breast cancer varies among histological types of invasive carcinoma is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine associations between HRT use and risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive carcinoma with favorable histology, and invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma.DesignProspective cohort study whose participants were followed up continuously for 11 years from January 1986 to December 1996.Setting and ParticipantsIowa Women's Health Study, a population-based random sample of postmenopausal women aged 55 to 69 years in 1986. A total of 1520 incident breast cancer cases occurred in the at-risk cohort of 37,105 women.Main Outcome MeasuresMultivariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) of tumor-specific breast cancers associated with duration of ever, current, or past HRT use.ResultsDuration of ever HRT use was associated with risk of invasive carcinoma with a favorable histology, with an RR of 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-3.07) for those who used HRT 5 or fewer years vs an RR of 2.65 (95% CI, 1.34-5.23) for those who used HRT for more than 5 years (P for trend=.005) after adjustment for age and other breast cancer risk factors. There was no association between ever HRT use and the incidence of DCIS or invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma. Among current hormone users, after adjusting for age and other breast cancer risk factors, the RRs (95% CIs) of invasive carcinoma with a favorable histology were 4.42 (2.00-9.76) and 2.63 (1.18-5.89) for 5 or fewer years of use and for more than 5 years of use, respectively. Risk of invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma was associated with current use (≤5 years) of HRT with an RR of 1.38 (95% CI, 1.03-1.85).ConclusionsExposure to HRT was associated most strongly with an increased risk of invasive breast cancer with a favorable prognosis. These data add important clinical information for assessing the risks and benefits of HRT use.
Simeprevir with peginterferon/ribavirin for treatment-naïve hepatitis C genotype 1 patients in Japan: CONCERTO-1, a phase III trial
Authors: Norio Hayashi, Namiki Izumi, Hiromitsu Kumada, Takeshi Okanoue, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Mai Kato, Rito Ki, Yuji Komada, Chiharu Seto, Shoichiro Goto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Rupture of the Infarcted Interventricular Septum
Authors: ORVILLE W. BOICOURT, LEONARD W. RITZMANN, JOHN D. CHASE, ALBERT STARR, COLIN W. MCCORD
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Successful surgical closure of a ruptured interventricular septum following myocardial infarction is reported. The patient developed the loud pansystolic parasternal murmur characteristic of septal perforation, and cardiac catheterization confirmed an unusually large left-to-right shunt. The patient's course was not the typical rapid deterioration with shock or intractable heart failure, but when myocardial insufficiency developed insidiously 5 weeks postinfarction, surgical closure with a Teflon patch was accomplished during cardiac bypass. Since early death ensues so frequently, surgical repair has been attempted in only a small number of instances; this patient is one of the very few with successful closure and long-term survival. The pathology, clinical course, and cardiac catheterization data of this entity are reviewed from previously reported cases.
Septicemia and Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Alan S. Cross, Roy T. Steigbiegel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1978Septicemia and Chronic HemodialysisALAN S. CROSS, M.D., ROY T. STEIGBIEGEL, M.D., F.A.C.P.ALAN S. CROSS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROY T. STEIGBIEGEL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-576 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article, "Septicemia in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis" (Ann Intern Med 88:28-33, 1978), Dobkin, Miller, and Steigbigel take issue with our recommendation that "access removal may be mandatory in the successful management of infective endocarditis in patients on hemodialysis" (1).In part our comments were made to initiate a discussion of the proper management of access sites in the presence of infective endocarditis insofar as this aspect of management has been virtually ignored in the literature. Our suggestions were based on (a) the high mortality (53%) of patients with infective endocarditis with access sites (1); (b)...References1. CrossSteigbigel AR: Infective endocarditis and access site infection in patients on hemodialysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 55:453-466, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. LeonardRaijComtyWathenRattazziShapiro ALCRTF: Experience with endocarditis in a large kidney disease program. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 19:298-301, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LilleheiBobbVisscher CRM: Occurence of endocarditis with valvular deformities in dogs with arteriovenous fistulae. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 75:9, 1950 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HookWainerMcGeeSellers EHTT: Acquired arteriovenous fistulae with bacterial endarteritis and endocarditis. JAMA 164:1450, 1957 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SilvermanGunnelsStickle NJD: Surgical treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endarteritis. Arch Surg 108:730-732, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALAN S. CROSS, M.D.; ROY T. STEIGBIEGEL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1978Volume 89, Issue 4Page: 576-577KeywordsEndocarditisMortalitySepsis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
The relationship of blood lead levels to blood pressure in the U.S. population.
Authors: W R Harlan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Numerous observations have indicated a relationship between moderate or heavy lead exposure and high blood pressure. To determine whether low-level lead exposure is related to blood pressure in the U.S. population, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II for persons 12 to 74 years of age. Significant correlations were found between blood lead and blood pressure for each race-gender group, and blood lead levels were significantly higher in groups with high diastolic blood pressure (greater than 90 mm Hg). Multiple stepwise regression models were developed to predict blood pressure. After adjusting for age, race, and body mass index, blood lead levels were significantly related to systolic and diastolic pressures in males but not in females. These findings and those from other studies confirm the relationship of blood lead and blood pressure at relatively low levels commonly observed in the general population. The strength and importance of this relationship require further study through epidemiologic and metabolic investigations.
From Sick Care to Health Care — Reengineering Prevention into the U.S. System
Authors: Farshad Fani Marvasti, Randall S. Stafford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Flexner's acute care model remains securely embedded in the U.S. health care system. But given our chronic-disease epidemics, unsustainable costs, poor outcomes, frequent medical errors, and worsening health disparities, we must replace it with a prevention model.
Reaction to Primaquine
Authors: DAVID SCHLOSSBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 March 1980Reaction to PrimaquineDAVID SCHLOSSBERG, M.D.DAVID SCHLOSSBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-3-435_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to report an unusual reaction to primaquine therapy.A 55-year-old man with malaria was treated with chloroquine, and when chloroquine therapy was finished primaquine therapy (15 mg base per day) was begun. Primaquine was started the day before discharge from the hospital. On the next day, having taken his second dose of primaquine, he and his family noticed that he was extremely depressed and anorectic. He became confused and imagined events that had not occurred; for example, he insisted that his son had called him and was returning home to visit the family, even though... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Polyclinic Medical Center Harrisburg, PA 17105 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPsychiatric effects of malaria and anti-malarial drugs: historical and modern perspectivesSafety of antimalarial medications for use while scuba diving in malaria Endemic RegionsPrimaquineBiowaiver Monographs for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Primaquine PhosphatePrimaquineDrug-Induced Psychiatric Disorders and their ManagementThe side effects of antimalarial drugs indicates a polyamine involvement in both schizophrenia and depressionAntiprotozoal drugs 1 March 1980Volume 92, Issue 3Page: 435-435KeywordsChloroquineMalariaPrimaquine Issue Published: 1 March 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Frequency of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency in Chinese infants
Authors: Zi‐Liang Wu, Wei‐Dong Yu, Shun‐Cun Chen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract The incidence of deficiency of the enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) in Chinese infants was determined. Both the standard assay of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase enzyme activity and a fluorescent screening test (standardized) were used. The results of these two tests were compared. Of 1,159 infant cord blood samples studied, 26 (or 2.2%) had abnormally low levels of PK activity using the screening test, as did 24 of the samples tested by the enzyme assay. The results indicate that the frequency of a defective PK gene in the population of Guangzhou is significantly lower (p &lt; .05) than the previously reported defective gene frequency of 3.4% in Hong Kong. They also demonstrate the critical importance of standardization of the screening test, if most accurate estimates of gene frequency are to be derived by using this test.
Insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device in a patient with a ventricular septal defect: need for antibiotic prophylaxis.
Authors: M D Gammage, L Libman, W A Littler
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The development of infective endocarditis after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device is a rare occurrence,' 2 and hence the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with pre-existing cardiac abnormalities is easily overlooked.We report the case of a young woman with a known ventricular septal defect in whom infective endocarditis occurred after insertion of an intrauterine device without antibiotic cover.
Aerosol salbutamol administration by IPPB: lowest effective dose.
Authors: R E Ruffin, G Obminski, M T Newhouse
Journal: Thorax (1978)

This study was conducted to determine whether small doses of salbutamol solution, aerosolised and delivered by intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB), would be as effective as the 5 to 10 mg dose usually recommended for inhalational use. In nine asthmatic subjects we found that there was no significant difference between the peak bronchodilator effect of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg of salbutamol solution as assessed by FEV1 (P greater than 0.05). The 5 mg dose of salbutamol solution caused a significantly longer duration of effect than the 1.0 mg and smaller doses of salbutamol, but it also caused four of the nine subjects to complain of unwanted effects. In addition, a radiotracer technique in four normal subjects showed that an inverse relationship exists between the amount of aerosol deposited in the lungs and the tidal folume of IPPB. The maximum dose deposited in the lungs was about 10% of that initially present in the nebuliser.
Effect of cimetidine on augmented gastric blood flow in duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: L Ivarsson, N Darle, O Lundgren
Journal: Gut (1984)

Blood flow in the human stomach was measured during operation with a 85Krypton washout method which made simultaneous determinations of total blood flow and intramural flow distribution possible. The antrum and the corpus of the stomach could be investigated separately. Eleven patients with duodenal ulcer disease were studied during pentagastrin infusion and after the addition of cimetidine, 3 mg/kg bw, to evaluate the effect of the drug on augmented gastric blood flow. Eight recordings were made over the corpus of the stomach and three recordings over the antrum. Cimetidine caused a 66 +/- 5% decrease (mean +/- SE; range 56-86) in acid secretion and a 62 +/- 5% decrease (range 44-91) in the corpus mucosal blood flow within 15 minutes. Changes were only seen in the acid secreting part of the stomach while the antral circulation remained unaltered. It is concluded that the decrease in pentagastrin induced vasodilatation in the stomach seen after giving cimetidine was secondary to an inhibition of acid secretion.
Microbiology and outcomes of community acquired pneumonia in non cystic-fibrosis bronchiectasis patients
Authors: Eva Polverino, Catia Cilloniz, Rosario Menendez, Albert Gabarrus, Edmundo Rosales-Mayor, Victoria Alcaraz, Silvia Terraneo, Jordi Puig de la Bella Casa, Josep Mensa, Miquel Ferrer, Antoni Torres
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
Innate immunity dictates cytokine polarization relevant to the development of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Robert M. Strieter, Michael P. Keane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

New data support the importance of the innate immune response in the resolution or progression of pulmonary fibrosis. The presence of CXC chemokine receptor 3–expressing cells, specifically pulmonary NK cells, is necessary to produce IFN-γ. This is critical in the polarization of the immune response to injury toward a favorable Th1 response and resolution. In contrast, a Th2 response is associated with progressive fibrosis.