tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synovitis in knee osteoarthritis: a precursor of disease?
Authors: I Atukorala, C K Kwoh, A Guermazi, F W Roemer, R M Boudreau, M J Hannon, D J Hunter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> It is unknown whether joint inflammation precedes other articular tissue damage in osteoarthritis. Therefore, this study aims to determine if synovitis precedes the development of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (ROA). <h3>Methods</h3> The participants in this nested case–control study were selected from persons in the Osteoarthritis Initiative with knees that had a Kellgren Lawrence grading (KLG)=0 at baseline (BL). These knees were evaluated annually with radiography and non-contrast-enhanced MRI over 4 years. MRIs were assessed for effusion-synovitis and Hoffa-synovitis. Case knees were defined by ROA (KLG≥2) on the postero-anterior knee radiographs at any assessment after BL. Radiographs were assessed at P0 (time of onset of ROA), 1 year prior to P0 (P-1) and at BL. Controls were participants who did not develop incident ROA (iROA) from BL to 48 months). <h3>Results</h3> 133 knees of 120 persons with ROA (83 women) were matched to 133 control knees (83 women). ORs for occurrence of iROA associated with the presence of effusion-synovitis at BL, P-1 and P0 were 1.56 (95% CI 0.86 to 2.81), 3.23 (1.72 to 6.06) and 4.7 (1.10 to 2.95), respectively. The ORs for the occurrence of iROA associated with the presence of Hoffa-synovitis at BL, P-1 and P0 were 1.80 (1.1 to 2.95), 2.47 (1.45 to 4.23) and 2.40 (1.43 to 4.04), respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Effusion-synovitis and Hoffa-synovitis strongly predicted the development of iROA.
Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Protein 2 Plays a Critical Role in Diet-Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Hirohide Matsuura, Toshihiro Ichiki, Eriko Inoue, Masatoshi Nomura, Ryohei Miyazaki, Toru Hashimoto, Jiro Ikeda, Ryoichi Takayanagi, Guo-Hua Fong, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Recent studies suggest that the oxygen-sensing pathway consisting of transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor and prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) plays a critical role in glucose metabolism. However, the role of adipocyte PHD in the development of obesity has not been clarified. We examined whether deletion of PHD2 , the main oxygen sensor, in adipocytes affects diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities. Methods and Results— To delete PHD2 in adipocyte, PHD2 -floxed mice were crossed with aP2-Cre transgenic mice ( Phd2 f/f /aP2-Cre) . Phd2 f/f /aP2-Cre mice were resistant to high-fat diet–induced obesity (36.7±1.7 versus 44.3±2.0 g in control; P &lt;0.01) and showed better glucose tolerance and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance index than control mice (3.6±1.0 versus 11.1±2.1; P &lt;0.01). The weight of white adipose tissue was lighter (epididymal fat, 758±35 versus 1208±507 mg in control; P &lt;0.01) with a reduction in adipocyte size. Macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue was also alleviated in Phd2 f/f /aP2-Cre mice. Target genes of hypoxia-inducible factor, including glycolytic enzymes and adiponectin, were upregulated in adipocytes of Phd2 f/f /aP2-Cre mice. Lipid content was decreased and uncoupling protein-1 expression was increased in brown adipose tissue of Phd2 f/f /aP2-Cre mice. Knockdown of PHD2 in 3T3L1 adipocytes induced a decrease in the glucose level and an increase in the lactate level in the supernatant with upregulation of glycolytic enzymes and reduced lipid accumulation. Conclusions— PHD2 in adipose tissue plays a critical role in the development of diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. PHD2 might be a novel target molecule for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities.
Antiemetic Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Patients Receiving Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Stephen E. Sallan, Norman E. Zinberg, Emil Frei
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Anecdotal accounts suggested that smoking marihuana decreases the nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was compared with placebo in a controlled, randomized, "double-blind" experiment. All patients were receiving chemotherapeutic drugs known to cause nausea and vomiting of central origin. Each patient was to serve as his own control to determine whether tetrahydrocannabinol had an antiemetic effect. Twenty-two patients entered the study, 20 of whom were evaluable. For all patients an antiemetic effect was observed in 14 of 20 tetrahydrocannabinol courses and in none of 22 placebo courses. For patients completing the study, response occurred in 12 of 15 courses of tetrahydrocannabinol and in none of 14 courses of placebo (P less than 0.001). No patient vomited while experiencing a subjective "high". Oral tetrahydrocannabinol has antiemetic properties and is significantly better than a placebo in reducting vomiting caused by chemotherapeutic agents.
PREDICTORS OF COMBINED PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN A POPULATION COHORT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE CURRENT US POPULATION (SUB-ANALYSIS OF NHANES STUDY)
Authors: Tamam Mohamad, Vikas Veeranna, Mythili Shenoy, Sandip Zalawadiya, Theodore Schreiber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Haemodialysis in Young Children
Authors: M. J. Chamberlain, R. Shackman, E. K. M. Smith, O. M. Wrong
Journal: BMJ (1965)

number who had consulted him but who had not undergone behaviour therapy.Why should they be added if it is behaviour therapy that is being assessed ?Without this juggling the inferior performance of the unskilled is obvious, not only in percentage of recoveries but also in time taken, in relapse rate, and in ability to apply behavioural principles to complex cases.In sum, the data of Dr. Cooper serves largely to mislead.It would have
A gene in the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family confers aluminum tolerance in sorghum
Authors: Jurandir V Magalhaes, Jiping Liu, Claudia T Guimarães, Ubiraci G P Lana, Vera M C Alves, Yi-Hong Wang, Robert E Schaffert, Owen A Hoekenga, Miguel A Piñeros, Jon E Shaff, Patricia E Klein, Newton P Carneiro, Cintia M Coelho, Harold N Trick, Leon V Kochian
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Use of Hirulog in the prevention of venous thrombosis after major hip or knee surgery.
Authors: J S Ginsberg, M T Nurmohamed, M Gent, B MacKinnon, J Sicurella, P Brill-Edwards, M N Levine, A A Panju, P Powers, P Stevens
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The study objective was to determine whether Hirulog, a direct thrombin inhibitor, has potential efficacy and safety in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in orthopedic patients. A phase 2 open-label, dose-escalating design was used to study 222 unselected patients undergoing major hip or knee surgery in tertiary-care, university-affiliated hospitals. METHODS AND RESULTS Subcutaneous Hirulog was initiated postoperatively. Patients were evaluated for bleeding and symptomatic pulmonary embolism, and mandatory bilateral venography was performed before discharge. Dose escalations were made on the basis of observed rates of bleeding and venous thrombosis. There were five dosage regimens used: 0.3 mg/kg every 12 hours, 0.6 mg/kg every 12 hours, 1.0 mg/kg every 12 hours for 3 days followed by 0.6 mg/kg every 12 hours for up to 11 days, 1.0 mg/kg every 12 hours, and 1.0 mg/kg every 8 hours. One hundred seventy-seven patients who had technically adequate bilateral venography or objectively documented pulmonary embolism were included in the primary analysis of efficacy. The highest dosage regimen (1.0 mg/kg every 8 hours) provided the lowest rates of total DVT (17%) and proximal DVT (2%), both of which were significantly lower (P = .010 and P = .023, respectively) than the pooled rates of total (43%) and proximal (20%) DVT seen with the first four regimens. Bleeding rates were low (&lt; 5%) with all regimens. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that 1.0 mg/kg Hirulog every 8 hours started postoperatively is potentially efficacious and safe for the prevention of DVT after major hip or knee surgery.
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
Authors: H.S. GIRGLA, R.A. MARSDEN, G.M. SINGH, T.J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Ten patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (2 females, 8 males-aged 17-47 years) are described. Two of them had macular lesions in which very few Leishman-Donovan bodies were seen and who responded well to treatment with stibophen. Five patients had both macular and nodular lesions, Leishman-Donovan bodies being present in nodules but not in macules. Treatment with stibophen caused partial regression of nodules. Nodular lesions were found in three patients, who did not have macules. They contained numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies and treatment produced only temporary improvement. The variable response to treatment with stibophen may have been due to differences in parasitic load. The difficulty in distinguishing this disease from leprosy is discussed.
Effects of Smoking
Authors: Richard Chessick
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Lemere and I are in complete agreement except for his suggestion that nicotine has a tranquilizing effect. All experience shows it to be a stimulant to the sympathetic nervous system. The word "relaxation" is a tricky one. If a person feels less in danger psychologically, he will experience this as a lessening of tension or anxiety and may describe it as "relaxation," although physiologically and psychologically the organism may be operating at an increased level of efficiency.
Abstract 5140: Rsu1 and the IPP adhesion complex can regulate adhesion and migration in glioma cell lines
Authors: John Buckingham, Reyda Gonzalez-Nieves, Mary L. Cutler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract One hallmark of high grade glioblastoma is invasive growth that is dependent on ability of the tumor cells to migrate from the tumor into surrounding brain tissue thus preventing complete surgical resection. Rsu1, a member of the Integrin Linked Kinase-PINCH1-Parvin (IPP) cell adhesion complex, is encoded by a gene on human chromosome 10p13 in a region frequently deleted in high grade gliomas. Previous studies from our lab demonstrated that ectopic expression of Rsu1 in a human glioma cell line inhibited the tumorigenicity of the cells. The current study addresses the effect of Rsu1 on adhesion and migration in human glioma cell lines. The results with stable Rsu1 transfectants in the U87 glioma cell line indicate that Rsu1 expression results in enlarged cells with increased filapodial extensions and an increase in the number of focal adhesions. This phenotype correlates with increased cell adhesion and 30-50% decreased cell migration in Boyden chamber assays using PDGF, TPA or HGF as inducers of migration. siRNA-mediated depletion of Rsu1 concomitantly reduces the level of other IPP proteins, particularly the Rsu1 binding protein PINCH1. This loss of cell adhesion proteins reduces adhesion and enhances in vitro migration of highly oncogenic tumor cells. Infection of U87 and U251 glioma cell lines or immortalized human astrocytes and their Ras-transformed counterparts with adenovirus encoding Rsu1 decreased or eliminated phosphorylation of Akt on serine 473 compared to control vector. This finding and previous work demonstrating that signaling through the JNK pathway can be influenced by Rsu1 and PINCH11,2,3 suggest that both JNK and PI-3-kinase pathways are regulated by Rsu1 to limit cell migration. These studies identify deletion of Rsu1 as a mechanism that inhibits the IPP complex -induced adhesion as a potential mediator of the migratory behavior of high grade gliomas exhibiting chromosome 10 loss or 10p13 deletion. 1. Masuelli, L and Cutler, ML, 1995. Mol. Cell Biol.16:5466-76. 2. Dougherty et al., 2008. Eur J. Cell Biol.87:721-34. 3. Kadrmas J et al., 2004. J. Cell Biol.167:1019-24. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5140.
Abstract P1-07-05: The cell fate factor DACH1 represses YB-1-mediated oncogenic transcription and translation
Authors: RG Pestell, K Wu, K Chen, C Wang, X Jiao, J Wang, S Cai, S Addya, PH Sorensen, MP Lisanti, A Quong, A Ertel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhances cellular invasiveness and confers tumor cells with cancer stem cell like characteristics, through transcriptional and translational mechanisms. The mechanisms maintaining transcriptional and translational repression of EMT and cellular invasion are poorly understood. The Drosophila homologue of DACH1, the Dac gene is a key member of the retinal determination gene network that specifies organismal development. The dachshund (dac), eya1, eyes-absent (eya), twin of eyeless (toy), teashirt (tsh) and sinoculues (so) are expressed in progenitor cells, contributing to development of the eye and genitalia. Loss of DACH1 expression contributes to the expansion of neural progenitors, muscle satellite cell differentiation and breast cancer stem cells. In recent studies Dachshund repressed breast cancer stem cell expansion. DACH1 expression is reduced in a variety of human cancers including prostate, ovarian and human breast cancer. Herein, the cell fate-determination factor Dachshund (DACH1), suppressed EMT via repression of cytoplasmic translational induction of Snail by inactivating the Y box-binding protein (YB-1). In the nucleus, DACH1 antagonized YB-1-mediated oncogenic transcriptional modules governing cell invasion. DACH1 blocked YB-1-induced mammary tumor growth and EMT in mice. In basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) the reduced expression of DACH1 and increased YB-1, correlated with poor metastasis free survival. The loss of DACH1 suppression of both cytoplasmic translational and nuclear transcriptional events governing EMT and tumor invasion may contribute to poor prognosis in BLBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-07-05.
Polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene and bone mass in African-American and white mothers and children: a preliminary report
Authors: D A Nelson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To evaluate the contribution of polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene to ethnic variations in bone mass in mother and children from different ethnic origins. <h3>METHODS</h3> VDR genotypes and bone mass in 43 African-American and white women, mean age 38.2 years, and 41 of their children were studied. All children had a whole body bone mass measurement at age 9, and 39 had follow up measurements at age 11, while all the mothers had a single measurement. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, subjected to polymerase chain reactions using primers specific for the VDR gene, and the<i>Bsm</i>1 restriction fragment length polymorphism defined. <h3>RESULTS</h3> There was a significant ethnic difference in the VDR genotype frequencies among the adults and the children. No African-American subjects had the genotype "BB". In contrast, there was a 25% frequency of the "BB" genotype in the white adults and 24% in the white children. After pooling the ethnic groups, the mean bone mass in the "bb" genotype was significantly higher than in the "BB" genotype among the mothers, but this was not found in the children at baseline. However, by age 11, those with the "Bb" or "bb" genotypes had a larger gain in bone mass than those with "BB". <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> These data support the suggestion that the ethnic difference in VDR genotype frequencies, together with the association between the genotypes and bone mass, may help to explain the well known ethnic differences in bone mass. Further, our observations suggest that VDR polymorphism may have an effect on bone mass during puberty as peak bone mass is accumulated.
The New Penicillins
Authors: Jerome O. Klein, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE opening statement of Sir Alexander Fleming's1 paper describing his initial investigations of penicillin is as follows:While working with staphylococcus variants a number of culture-plates were set aside on the laboratory bench and examined from time to time. In the examinations these plates were necessarily exposed to the air and they became contaminated with various micro-organisms. It was noticed that around a large colony of a contaminating mould the staphylococcus colonies became transparent and were obviously undergoing lysis.Since its publication in 1929 the development of penicillin as an effective therapeutic agent has been marked by alternating periods of . . .
Re: Ben J. Challacombe, Bernard H. Bochner, Prokar Dasgupta, et al. The Role of Laparoscopic and Robotic Cystectomy in the Management of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer with Special Emphasis on Cancer Control and Complications. Eur Urol 2011;60:767–75.
Authors: Alchiede Simonato, Marco Ennas
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Use of Animals in Medical Education
Authors: Rhoda Ruttenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The report "Use of Animals in Medical Education" from the AMA Council on Scientific Affairs<sup>1</sup>contained a number of illogical and unscientific statements. A major justification given for the continued use of animals was that they "have been used... for centuries." This is an anachronism in a profession that otherwise prides itself on incorporating new ideas and technologies. It is not a surprising one, however, given the medical establishment's unwillingness to accept other reforms. When I entered medical school in 1973, there were not a few professors who openly verbalized their disappointment at the growing numbers of female medical students and who put women's "rights" into the same quotation marks as this article now puts animal "rights." The Council's report went on to list the many activities perpetrated by animal rights activists against medical schools and further alluded to the American Medical Student Association's objections, as
A Critical Evaluation of the Hypotensive Action of Hydrallazine, Hexamethonium, Tetraethylammonium and Dibenzyline Salts in Human and Experimental Hypertension
Authors: ALVIN P. SHAPIRO, ARTHUR GROLLMAN
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The effects of hydrallazine and hexamethonium salts on blood pressure and related functions have been studied in a series of ambulatory and hospitalized hypertensive patients as well as in experimentally induced hypertension (rats and dogs). Comparative observations have also been made on the effects of tetraethylammonium chloride and Dibenzyline, a congener of dibenzylchlorethylamine (Dibenamine). Critical evaluation of the data indicates that the effectiveness of hydrallazine and hexamethonium salts, when used either alone or in combination, is not significantly greater in long term administration than that of previously existing regimens in the treatment of hypertensive vascular disease.
The Class I and Class II Proteins of the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex
Authors: Jack L. Strominger
Journal: JAMA (1995)

TRANSPLANTATION antigens, now called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens or MHC glycoproteins, were discovered by Peter Gorer in the late 1930s. Graft rejection results from their polymorphism. Later, these antigens were found to give rise, after whole blood transfusion or during pregnancy, to alloantibodies that recognize HLA. This discovery led to tissue typing, now widely used in matching donors with recipients of organ grafts. The polymorphism posed the fundamental biological problem of the nature of the selection force that led to its evolution because it could not have been exchange of surgical grafts. A related polymorphism was soon described in immune response genes, and transplantation antigens and immune response genes were mapped to the same genetic region, the MHC on human chromosome 6 or murine chromosome 17. Through the work of many investigators, including our colleagues Peter Doherty, Emil Unanue, and Rolf Zinkernagel, these two classes of molecules, now called
The importance of maximal airway response to methacholine in the prediction of wheezing development in patients with cough‐variant asthma
Authors: Y. Y. Koh, Y. Park, C. K. Kim
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: A significant proportion of patients diagnosed with cough‐variant asthma eventually manifest classic asthma signs, such as wheezing and dyspnea. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the degree of airway hypersensitivity and/or the level of maximal airway response can predict the development of wheezing in subjects with cough‐variant asthma. Methods: At study initiation, a high‐dose methacholine inhalation test was performed to measure provocative concentration causing a 20% fall (PC 20 ) in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and maximal airway response. Each person was evaluated regularly every 3 months for 4 years and also on the occasion of wheezing being perceived for the first time. Results: Of the 48 patients available in the follow‐up period, 21 (Group 1) developed clinical wheezing, while 27 (Group 2) did not. There was no significant difference in PC 20 levels between the two groups. The level of maximal airway response, however, was significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2. The score test for trend revealed a significant association between the future development of wheezing and the level of maximal airway response ( P = 0.007), but not the level of methacholine PC 20 ( P = 0.423). Conclusions: The level of maximal airway response, rather than the degree of airway hypersensitivity, may be an important risk factor for the future development of classic asthma in patients with cough‐variant asthma.
Cytomegalovirus Complement-Fixing Antibody in Microcephaly
Authors: James B. Hanshaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE report with Weller, in 1962, of microcephaly in 14 of 17 infants with generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease established the association of this Central-nervous-system defect with intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection.1 In 1964 Medearis2 demonstrated complement-fixing antibody in 6 of 7 congenitally infected infants with cytomegalic inclusion disease. The present study employs the complement-fixation test to detect cytomegalovirus antibody in 17 infants with typical cytomegalic inclusion disease and 41 microcephalic infants and children without typical symptoms of extraneural disease.Materials and MethodsThe micro complement-fixation test originally introduces by Takátsy3 and modified by Sever and his associates4 was employed. Cytomegalovirus antigen was . . .
Alopecia neoplastica. Hair loss resembling alopecia areata caused by metastatic breast cancer
Authors: W. F. Schorr
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In two women almost circular areas of baldness which closely resembled alopecia areata were actually caused by metastatic cancer of the breast. Groups and strands of adenocarcinoma cells throughout the dermis of the scalp lesion initiated a desmoplastic reaction that appeared to cause atrophy and disappearance of the hair follicles. The need for breast examination in women with hair loss resembling common alopecia areata is obvious. A punch biopsy of alopecia areatalike lesions in women in the cancerprone age group could resolve the diagnosis.
Christian GP is given warning after expressing his religious beliefs to patient
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A Christian GP who was accused of “pushing” his religion on a vulnerable young patient has been given a formal warning by the General Medical Council’s investigation committee.

Richard Scott, a partner in Bethesda Medical Practice in Margate, Kent, was said to have “crossed the line” in suggesting to the 24 year old man, whose mother claimed he was suicidal, that Jesus could help him.

Committee chairman Christopher Hanning told Scott, “During a consultation with a patient in August 2010 you expressed your religious beliefs in a way that distressed your patient. You subsequently confirmed, via national media, that you had …