tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Mimicking Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ari Chong, Jung-Min Ha, Ran Hong, Sang-Gon Park, Hee Jeong Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A 59-year-old man underwent abdominal CT for evaluation of weight loss and generalized weakness. A large mass protruding from the lesser curvature of the stomach suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor was demonstrated. F-FDG PET/CT showed hypermetabolic activity in the gastric mass. Mass excision and wedge resection were performed, and the diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was confirmed.
Missing and unidentified persons
Authors: U. Tayal
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The personal view in this week's BMJ (349) describes one doctor's experience with a John Doe, an unidentified, presumed missing, person. The internet could play a greater part in helping to identify such people, the author suggests, perhaps with an online international registry made up of hospital records and maybe including photographs of the deceased.

Currently no single internet site provides a list of all missing …
Austerity measures will lead to rise in unemployment and suicides, says Marmot
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

European austerity programmes are a “ghastly experiment” that will lead to more citizens’ deaths, says a leading expert on health inequalities.

Michael Marmot spoke about the link between rising unemployment and higher mortality rates, including suicides.

He warned of the effects of government policies in countries such as Spain and Portugal that he said were being pursued at the behest of financial markets and central banks.

“If unemployment rises as a result of government policy that is an emergency,” he said. “European governments have been told they must screw their economies down so far that people are killing themselves.”

Marmot, who is director of the Institute of Health Equity at University College London, was the keynote speaker …
JAMA and Medical Students—New Opportunities
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rhythmic gene expression in pituitary depends on heterologous sensitization by the neurohormone melatonin
Authors: Charlotte von Gall, Martine L. Garabette, Christian A. Kell, Sascha Frenzel, Faramarz Dehghani, Petra-Maria Schumm-Draeger, David R. Weaver, Horst-Werner Korf, Michael H. Hastings, Jörg H. Stehle
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2002)
Unusual Exclusion Criteria
Authors: Lorraine Tosiello
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Letters4 March 2014Unusual Exclusion CriteriaLorraine Tosiello, MDLorraine Tosiello, MDFrom Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, New Jersey.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5005-3 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I have never seen the exclusion criteria “going abroad” and “away on business” used in a clinical trial before reading Li and colleagues’ article (1). Because I am sensitive to human rights issues in China, my innate cynicism asks whether these criteria are not euphemisms for “politically detained” or the ever-ominous “missing.” One wonders whether the concept of completely voluntary informed consent can even exist in the climate of coercion that is present in China. I do not intend to disparage our physician colleagues in China, but I do ask that the Annals be certain that the ...Reference1. Li MH, Chen SW, Li YD, Chen YC, Cheng YS, Hu DJ, et al. Prevalence of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in Chinese adults aged 35 to 75 years: a cross-sectional study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:514-21. [PMID: 24126645] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, New Jersey.Disclosures: None disclosed. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L13-1152. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPrevalence of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms in Chinese Adults Aged 35 to 75 Years Ming-Hua Li , Shi-Wen Chen , Yong-Dong Li , Yuan-Chang Chen , Ying-Sheng Cheng , Ding-Jun Hu , Hua-Qiao Tan , Qian Wu , Wu Wang , Zhen-Kui Sun , Xiao-Er Wei , Jia-Yin Zhang , Rui-Hua Qiao , Wen-Hong Zong , Yin Zhang , Wei Lou , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yu Zhu , De-Rong Peng , Sui-Xin Ding , Xue-Fan Xu , Xu-Hong Hou , and Wei-Ping Jia Unusual Exclusion Criteria Ming-Hua Li and Yong-Dong Li Unusual Exclusion Criteria Ming-Hua Li and Yong-Dong Li Metrics 4 March 2014Volume 160, Issue 5Page: 368KeywordsClinical trialsConflicts of interest ePublished: 4 March 2014 Issue Published: 4 March 2014 CopyrightCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Previous high-intensity activity affects lower limb strength ratios
Authors: T M Bampouras, D Orme, N Relph, K Small
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Lower limb strength ratios are important in assessing muscular imbalances. Typically, these ratios are derived from assessment of explosive, maximum effort activities. Such assessment can be functional or isokinetic. The single-effort nature of these assessments does not provide information on imbalance changes after muscular contractions. Any such change could indicate an increased risk of injury after a period of activity, thus raising questions as to the correct procedure of muscle imbalance assessment. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess muscle imbalances over maximum effort repeated cycling sprints. Seventeen healthy, physically active young adults (females: n=4, height 1.62±0.03 m, body mass 68.0±6.5 kg; males: n=13, height 1.80±0.06 m, body mass 80.5±13.8 kg) performed five 6-s sprints with 24-s rest interval on a Lode Excalibur bike with torque and power data recorded for each leg. Average, average maximum (average of maximum from each sprint) and peak torque (TAv, TAvM and TP respectively) and power (PAv, PAvM and PP respectively) were obtained for each leg. Ratios of these variables were calculated as <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><m:mrow><m:mrow><m:mo>[</m:mo><m:mrow><m:mfrac><m:mrow><m:mtext>Stronger leg</m:mtext><m:mo>−</m:mo><m:mtext>Weaker leg</m:mtext></m:mrow><m:mrow><m:mtext>Average of two legs</m:mtext></m:mrow></m:mfrac><m:mo>×</m:mo><m:mn>100</m:mn></m:mrow><m:mo>]</m:mo></m:mrow></m:mrow></m:math> . Wilcoxon's test revealed a significantly stronger leg (p&lt;0.05) for all torque and power variables. Friedman's test indicated a significant ratio increase between TAv (11.7±6.8%) and TAvM (4.6±3.0%, p=0.001) and TP (4.1±3.5%, p=0.001), as well as between PAv (8.8±5.0%) and PAvM (4.5±2.9%, p=0.003) and PP (4.2±2.6, p=0.003%) but not between TAvM and TP (p=0.421) or PAvM and PP (p=0.981). The results indicate that high-intensity activity increases lower limb strength imbalance, resulting in different ratios. The authors posit that muscle imbalance assessment activities conducted at rested state may not accurately reflect the true strength difference between limbs, leading to inaccurate training or rehabilitation advice.
Inhibition of Sarcolemmal Na <sup>+</sup> ,K <sup>+</sup> -ATPase Activity Reduces the Infarct Size–Limiting Effect of Preconditioning in Rabbit Hearts
Authors: Ryuzo Nawada, Tomoyuki Murakami, Tomoyuki Iwase, Kunihiko Nagai, Yasuhiro Morita, Ichiro Kouchi, Masaharu Akao, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The inhibition of sarcolemmal Na + ,K + -ATPase activity is closely related to ischemic myocardial cell injury. However, the involvement of this enzyme in preconditioning has not been determined. Methods and Results We assessed the effect of ischemia on sarcolemmal Na + ,K + -ATPase activity. Control and preconditioned rabbits were subjected to 0, 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes of coronary occlusion. Ten to 60 minutes of ischemia reduced Na + ,K + -ATPase activity, whereas preconditioning preserved the activity of this enzyme only during the first 20 minutes of ischemia. To determine whether the preservation of Na + ,K + -ATPase activity in the early phase of ischemia contributed to limiting the infarct size, additional rabbits underwent 30 minutes of occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion with or without pretreatment with digoxin, an inhibitor of Na + ,K + -ATPase. Infarct size in animals pretreated with digoxin in the absence of preconditioning did not differ from that in controls. It was markedly reduced by preconditioning, whereas digoxin reduced the infarct size–limiting effect. Moreover, preconditioning increased sarcolemmal Na + -Ca 2+ exchange activity in rabbits subjected to 20 minutes of ischemia, whereas digoxin diminished this increase. Conclusions Preconditioning preserves the ischemia-induced reduction in sarcolemmal Na + ,K + -ATPase activity in the early phase of ischemia in rabbit hearts. Inhibition of Na + ,K + -ATPase activity reduces the infarct size–limiting effect of preconditioning with a loss of increased Na + -Ca 2+ exchange activity, implying that this preservation is responsible for the cardioprotective effect of preconditioning.
Achieving millennium goals is crucial to global development beyond 2015, says UN chief
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The secretary general of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, has called for a final push towards achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs).

He said that, after the deadline for the goals passes next year, there must be a strong and ambitious successor blueprint that will “leave no one behind.” A major focus of the new agenda will be on limiting climate change and tackling inequality in rich and poor countries, he said.

A new report on progress towards the eight MDGs set in 2000 showed that many targets had already been met, such as halving extreme poverty, halving the proportion of people without access to drinking water, and ensuring that as many girls as boys enrol …
T6-Antigen—Bearing Cells in Eosinophilic Granuloma of Bone
Authors: Joshua L. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1983)

T6-antigen-bearing Langerhans' cells were detected in a touch imprint of eosinophilic granuloma involving a thoracic vertebra of an 11-year-old boy. It is interesting to note that in this localized form of histiocytosis X, no T6-antigen-bearing Langerhans' cells were found in the peripheral blood. Immunofluorescence detection of T6 antigenicity has not been described in this disease and may serve as a rapid diagnostic test.
Implantable Lung-Assist Device Being Tested on Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE UNIVERSITY of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, is one of seven sites testing an intravascular membrane oxygenator on patients with acute, potentially reversible respiratory failure. Although the experimental device (<i>Int J Artif Organs</i>. 1989;12:384-389) provides less than half the gas exchange needs of a patient, it may be enough to prevent or significantly reduce lung injury that often results from high pressures and increased oxygen tensions produced by mechanical ventilation, says Joseph B. Zwischenberger, MD, associate professor of cardiothoracic surgery, and director of the university's Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Program. Says Zwischenberger, the intravascular oxygenator or IVOX (Cardiopulmonics Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah) is a "booster lung" rather than an artificial lung for replacing diseased or injured lungs. Studies with sheep suggest that it may be able to provide 30% of a patient's gas exchange requirements. While not enough to replace mechanical ventilation for patients suffering acute respiratory failure, it
Aberrant inducible nitric oxide synthase expression predicts poor survival in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, and is associated with a gene expression signature similar to that of basal-like breast cancer.
Authors: SA Glynn, BJ Boersma, TM Howe, L Ridnour, D Wink, M Yi, H Yvantis, S Ambs
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5067 Background: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a key enzyme in the inflammatory process, that catalyses the production nitric oxide (NO). NO is a free radical that affects the redox state of tumor cells and thus cell signaling. We hypothesized that iNOS expression is associated with markers of outcome and influences breast cancer survival by estrogen receptor (ER) α-independent mechanisms.&amp;#x2028; Method: 248 cases of incident breast cancer were examined by IHC for iNOS expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess correlations between iNOS expression and clinico-pathological features of breast cancer, and patient survival. In addition, 35 tumors were laser capture microdissected and the effect of iNOS on gene expression profiles analyzed by Affymetrix gene expression arrays.&amp;#x2028; Results: iNOS was moderately to strongly expressed in the majority of breast tumors (70%). iNOS was significantly associated markers of poor prognosis including p53 mutation accumulation, increased microvessel density, and high tumor grade. iNOS was not associated with race/ethnicity (143 African American, 105 Caucasian). In Cox regression analysis, high levels of iNOS expression was a predictor of both 5-year (Hazard Ratio - 5.41; 95% C.I. 1.25 to 23.48) and 10-year (H.R. 4.63; 95% C.I. 1.36 to 15.73) breast cancer-specific survival in women with ER-negative tumors. iNOS was not a predictor of ER positive breast cancer survival. Neither tumor p53 status nor chemotherapy modified these associations. Gene expression analysis identified changes in significant changes in gene expression with high levels of iNOS expression in ER negative breast cancer. This observation was not seen in ER positive breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; 44% of the iNOS associated genes had previously been found to be associated with the ER negative breast cancer subtype, basal-like breast cancer phenotype.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: These results suggest that iNOS contributes to the pathogenicity of ER-negative breast cancers and is a predictor of patient survival. The similarity of the iNOS induced gene signature to that of basal-like breast cancer, suggests that iNOS may play a role in the aggressive nature of basal-like breast cancer and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ER negative and basal-like breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5067.
A Study of Doctors: Mutual Selection and the Evaluation of Results in a Training Programme for Family Doctors
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<b>Night Calls: A Study in General Practice</b>, by Max B. Clyne, with an additional chapter by A. Lask (Mind &amp; Medicine Monograph no. 2), 216 pp, $4.50, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1966. The most recent book in the "Mind and Medicine" series is<i>A Study of Doctors</i>. In it, Balint and some of his coworkers analyze the results of 15 years' experience conducting seminars in psychiatry for general practitioners. Balint confirms the observation that specialty training does not automatically confer upon the psychiatrist ability to teach, and experience in the seminars indicated that a disturbingly long time was needed to transform interested psychiatrists into effective teachers. Furthermore, Balint et al note that general practice, at least in Great Britain, no longer retains the best students. Thus the students who present themselves for instruction are in some instances not ideal subjects. Nor, in the opinion of the Tavistock group, has
Defects in CD27+ memory B cells and CCR4+ T cells occurring in association with elevated serum Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in XLP patients surviving primary EBV infection*1
Authors: A. Malbran, L. Belmonte, B. Ruibal-Ares, P. Bare, K.E. Nichols, M.M. Bracco
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Angiographic Features of Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: LEWIS WEXLER, JAMES F. SILVERMAN, ROBERT F. DEBUSK, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Left ventricular cineangiography was performed in 37 patients with mitral regurgitation. Twenty-one patients had rheumatic mitral valve disease determined by careful surgical and pathologic examination, 10 had papillary muscle dysfunction, and six had chordae tendineae rupture. Fourteen of the 16 patients considered to have nonrheumatic mitral regurgitation were confirmed surgically; the other two patients developed mitral regurgitation acutely following myocardial infarction. Cineangiograms were evaluated for valve calcification, appearance and mobility of mitral valve leaflets, character of the regurgitant jet, and ventricular contractility. By these criteria, rheumatic mitral regurgitation was distinguished from papillary muscle dysfunction and chordae tendineae rupture in every case. A correct diagnosis of papillary muscle dysfunction was made when focal areas of myocardial dysfunction, determined by comparing tracings of end-systolic and end-diastolic cine frames, occurred at the base of the papillary muscle. However, half the cases of papillary muscle dysfunction had apparently normal contractility. The involved leaflet was correctly identified in the six cases of chordae tendineae rupture.
PET Tumor Metabolism in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Value of Static versus Kinetic Measures of Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake
Authors: Lisa K. Dunnwald, Robert K. Doot, Jennifer M. Specht, Julie R. Gralow, Georgiana K. Ellis, Robert B. Livingston, Hannah M. Linden, Vijayakrishna K. Gadi, Brenda F. Kurland, Erin K. Schubert, Mark Muzi, David A. Mankoff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Changes in tumor metabolism from positron emission tomography (PET) in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) are predictive of pathologic response. Serial dynamic [(18)F]-FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) PET scans were used to compare kinetic parameters with the standardized uptake value (SUV) as predictors of pathologic response, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).Seventy-five LABC patients underwent FDG PET prior to and at midpoint of NC. FDG delivery (K(1)), FDG flux (K(i)), and SUV measures were calculated and compared by clinical and pathologic tumor characteristics using regression methods and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Associations between K(1), K(i), and SUV and DFS and OS were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model.Tumors that were hormone receptor negative, high grade, highly proliferative, or of ductal histology had higher FDG K(i) and SUV values; on an average, FDG K(1) did not differ systematically by tumor features. Predicting pathologic response in conjunction with estrogen receptor (ER) and axillary lymph node positivity, kinetic measures (AUC = 0.97) were more robust predictors than SUV (AUC = 0.84, P = 0.005). Changes in K(1) and K(i) predicted both DFS and OS, whereas changes in SUV predicted OS only. In multivariate modeling, only changes in K(1) remained an independent prognosticator of DFS and OS.Kinetic measures of FDG PET for LABC patients treated with NC accurately measured treatment response and predicted outcome compared with static SUV measures, suggesting that kinetic analysis may hold advantage of static uptake measures for response assessment.
Persistent increase in caffeine concentrations in people who stop smoking.
Authors: N. L. Benowitz, S. M. Hall, G. Modin
Journal: BMJ (1989)

protein (gpl20) in the viral envelope.4During the first few weeks of treatment with zidovudine platelet counts rose in both patients with thrombocytopenia and those with normal counts.This suggests that reticuloendo- thelial inhibition may not be the only mechanism.The eventual fall in platelet count with longer treatment probably had several causes, but the only significant association in our patients was with the development of probable myelotoxicity due to zidovudine, suggesting that this was the cause.We found no easily identifiable variables before treatment, other than a low platelet count, that predicted a good eventual response.Current treatments for thrombocytopenia related to HIV infection have potential disadvantages-namely, immunosuppression from steroids and splenectomy with consequent risk of progression of the disease, problems of availability of high dose immuno- globulins, and lack of access to veins, especially in intravenous drug users.Zidovudine may be a useful alternative for symptomatic thrombocytopenia.The good response among those with even severe thrombo- cytopenia shows that this should not be considered a contraindication to treatment.We acknowledge Lothian Health Board, the American Foundation for AIDS Research for financial support (PJF), and our colleagues Drs J A Gray and P D Welsby for access to results in their patients.1 Hymes KB, Greene JB, Karpatkin S. The effect of azidothymidine on HIV related thrombocytopenia.
Special groups of smokers
Authors: Tim Coleman
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Earlier articles in this series have provided general guidance on delivering smoking cessation interventions. This chapter investigates issues relevant to several special groups of smokers.

In the United Kingdom over a quarter of pregnant women who smoke continue to do so during pregnancy. These women tend to be young, single, of lower educational achievement, and in manual occupations. If they have a partner, their partner is also more likely to smoke. Smoking has substantial adverse effects on the unborn child, including growth retardation, preterm birth, miscarriage, and perinatal mortality. Most of this harm is probably caused by toxins in cigarette smoke, such as carbon monoxide, nicotine, cyanide, cadmium, and lead. Nicotine itself may cause harm, however, through placental vasoconstriction and possible developmental effects on the fetus.



Prevalence of smoking in women before and during pregnancy, 1992-9. Adapted from Owen and Penn, 1999 (see Further Reading box)



Ideally, women should stop smoking before getting pregnant. In practice, however, few do, and it is pregnancy itself that seems to be the key motivator to stop. About a quarter of women who smoke manage to stop for at least part of their pregnancy, mostly within the first trimester, but most of these start smoking again after their child is born.1

View this table:

Clinical issues to highlight or be aware of in relation to pregnant women who smoke*



Most pregnant women (80% in UK surveys) accept that stopping smoking is the most important lifestyle change that they can make during pregnancy, and consequently most women will be receptive to discussion of their smoking and the possibility of stopping. Those who continue to smoke, however, tend to hold rather different views from those who give up—for example, only about 30% of those who continue to smoke believe that smoking during pregnancy is “very dangerous” to their …