tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Hyperdynamic Circulation of Chronic Liver Diseases: From the Patient to the Molecule
Authors: Yasuko Iwakiri, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome observed in chronic liver diseases is a great example of research that originated from clinical observations and progressed in the last 50 years from the patient to the experimental laboratory. Our knowledge has evolved from the patient to the molecule, using experimental models that serve as a source for understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that govern this complex syndrome. We now know that progressive vasodilatation is central to the detrimental effects observed in multiple organs. Although nitric oxide has been shown to be the primary vasodilator molecule in these effects, other molecules also participate in the complex mechanisms of vasodilatation. This review summarizes three major areas: first, clinical observation in patients; second, experimental models used to study the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome; and third, the vasodilator molecules that play roles in vascular abnormalities observed in portal hypertension.
Association between genetic polymorphism of the pepsinogen C gene and gastric body ulcer: the genetic predisposition is not associated with <i>Helicobacter pylori </i>infection
Authors: Y Ohtaki, T Azuma, J Konishi, S Ito, M Kuriyama
Journal: Gut (1997)

The genetic trait plays a part in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. To identify a DNA marker for peptic ulcer disease, the association between the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the pepsinogen C (PGC) gene and peptic ulcer disease was investigated.One hundred and seventy seven unrelated controls, 75 patients with gastric ulcer, and 70 with duodenal ulcer were studied. PGC-RFLP was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the association between PGC-RFLP and peptic ulcer disease was examined. The relation between the genetic association of PGC polymorphism with peptic ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection was also examined.Four alleles, 480 (allele 1), 450 (allele 2), 400 (allele 3), and 310 bp (allele 4), were detected by PCR. The frequency of allele 4 was significantly higher in patients with gastric body ulcer than in controls (chi (2) = 9.92, p < 0.005). Genotypes containing allele 4 were significantly more frequent in patients with gastric body ulcer than in controls and patients with gastric angular or antral ulcer. The relative risk of gastric body ulcer associated with the presence of allele 4, compared with its absence, was 4.63 and was statistically significant (chi (2) = 14.84, p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in the allelic frequencies between H pylori positive and H pylori negative groups in controls, patients with gastric body ulcer, or patients with gastric angular or antral ulcer. Both in H pylori negative and H pylori positive cases, there was an increased frequency of allele 4 in patients with gastric body ulcer compared with controls.These results suggest that there is a significant association between this genetic polymorphism at the PGC gene locus and gastric body ulcer. There are differences in the genetic aetiology between gastric body ulcer and gastric angular or antral ulcer. PGC-RFLP may be used as a genetic marker for a genetic predisposition to gastric body ulcer; this genetic predisposition is not associated with H pylori infection.
Alveolar macrophage elimination in vivo is associated with an increase in pulmonary immune response in mice.
Authors: T Thepen, N Van Rooijen, G Kraal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

A single intracheal dose of liposome-encapsuled dichloro-methylene-diphosphonate resulted in the elimination of alveolar macrophages (AM) from the lung, creating a model to study the in vivo role of AM in the pulmonary immune response. Using intratracheally administered trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH), the kinetics of the response, the location and number of TNP-specific antibody-forming cells, and the different Ig classes of the antibodies produced were studied in AM-depleted animals. The results show that AM elimination has a dramatic effect on the pulmonary immune responses against TNP-KLH. An increase in APC in lung-associated lymph nodes and a prolongation of the response is found, as well as an introduction of APC in lung tissue. In both experimental groups, the majority of the TNP-specific antibodies produced was IgG, followed by IgA and IgE, while very few IgM antibodies could be detected. We conclude from these results that AM are likely to play a role in controlling the pulmonary immune response in a suppressive way, thereby limiting the possible damage caused by severe immune responses in lung tissue.
The Influence of Age and Sex on Asthma Admissions
Authors: Emil M. Skobeloff
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To describe demographic data from a large population of asthmatic patients to define the role of age and sex as risk factors for asthma admission.A retrospective review of all asthma admissions as defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 493.0.All medical-surgical admissions from 67 hospitals in five counties of southeastern Pennsylvania from 1986 through 1989.Patients admitted for asthma treatment (33,269) were reviewed. In the 0- to 5-year-old and 6- to 10-year-old age groups, males were admitted nearly twice as often as age-identical females. In the 11- to 20-year-old age group, admissions for males and females were nearly identical. Between 20 and 50 years of age, the female-to-male ratio was nearly 3:1. Thereafter, females were admitted for asthma at a rate of about 2.5:1 when compared with their age-equivalent male counterparts. Length of stay increased proportionally as the patient age increased. After 30 years of age, the length of stay was slightly greater for females than males.There is a much higher rate of admission for prepubertal males than females. However, there is a higher incidence of asthma admissions for adult females than adult male asthmatic patients, and female asthmatic patients experience longer hospital stays per admission as well. These data indicate that adult females are more severely affected by asthma and raise the possibility that hormonal or biochemical differences related to sex may play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma.
Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia
Authors: William A. Bauman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Hypoglycemia when associated with hyperinsulinemia is usually a consequence of an insulinoma or the administration of either insulin or an insulin secretagogue. This report describes 14 patients with hypoglycemia whose diagnosis was clarified by the use of a species-specific insulin radioimmunoassay. Eleven of the 14 patients had elevated levels of animal insulin due to surreptitious accidental or malicious administration of insulin. Three of the 14 patients had hyperinsulinemia as the result of excessive human insulin release and were found to have either intrinsic pancreatic disease or secretagogue-mediated insulin release. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2730-2734)
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Change in Mammographic Density
Authors: G. A. Greendale, B. A. Reboussin, S. Slone, C. Wasilauskas, M. C. Pike, G. Ursin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Background: Mammographic density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Postmenopausal hormone use is associated with an increase in mammographic density, but the magnitude of the density increase is unknown. Methods: Baseline and 12-month mammograms were obtained for 571 (65%) of the 875 women, aged 45–64 years, who were enrolled in the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial and randomly assigned to receive placebo, daily conjugated equine estrogens at 0.625 mg/day (CEE), daily CEE and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at 10 mg/day on days 1–12 (CEE+MPA-cyclic), daily CEE and MPA at 2.5 mg/day (CEE+MPA-continuous), or daily CEE and micronized progesterone (MP) at 200 mg/day on days 1–12 (CEE+MP). We analyzed digitized mammograms to determine the percentage of the left breast that was composed of dense tissue (i.e., mammographic percent density). Linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of treatments on the change in mammographic percent density between baseline and 12 months, before and after adjustment for possible confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The adjusted absolute mean changes in mammographic percent density over 12 months were 4.76% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.29% to 6.23%), 4.58% (95% CI = 3.19% to 5.97%), and 3.08% (95% CI = 1.65% to 4.51%) for women in the CEE+MPA-cyclic, CEE+MPA-continuous, and CEE-MP groups, respectively. Each of those absolute mean changes was statistically significantly different from the adjusted absolute mean change in mammographic percent density for women in the placebo group, which was −0.07% (95% CI = −1.50% to 1.38%). Conclusion: Greater mammographic density was associated with the use of estrogen/progestin combination therapy, regardless of how the progestin was given, but not with the use of estrogen only.
DEATH DUE TO X-RAY?
Authors: MAURICE RUBEL
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>NARRATION OF THE CASE.</h3><h3>History.</h3> —Sept. 9, 1901, Miss X. (aged 47) was admitted to Dr. Kelly's service, complaining of "pain in the left side, frequent micturition, general weakness and fever." Her family history was unimportant. The chief features of interest in her past history were that three years ago, after the fatigue following her attendance on a sick sister, she was seized with severe pain in the left side of the abdomen. Within a year this pain disappeared, but returned after an attack of grip, two years ago. Her physician at this time discovered both stomach and intestinal trouble, and the patient was treated by gastric lavage and by enemata. During this time she suffered from pain in the left side and back and from constipation and nausea at times, but never from vomiting. Ten days previous to her admission she had a chill followed by fever, and one
Chronic Airflow Limitation and Obesity
Authors: Paul D. Scanlon, Paul L. Enright
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 December 1990Chronic Airflow Limitation and ObesityPaul D. Scanlon, MD, Paul L. Enright, MDPaul D. Scanlon, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Paul L. Enright, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-993_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:We remain unconvinced that "obesity may contribute to chronic airflow limitation in men" as reported in a recent issue by Rubinstein and colleagues (1). Although they excluded cigarette smokers, they did not adequately account for persons with asthma. The prevalence of asthma in adults is 5% to 10%, with many persons unaware that they have asthma. Overweight persons may be more likely to overlook mild asthma symptoms, attributing breathing difficulties to obesity. The control group of hospital employees had greater access to medical care and may have been less likely to suffer from occult asthma, creating a...References1. Rubinstein I, Zamel N, DuBarry L, and Hoffstein V. Airflow limitation in morbidly obese, nonsmoking men. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:828-32. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (transfer factor): recommendations for a standard technique. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;136:1299-307. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. . Standardization of spirometry—1987 update. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;136:1285-98. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. Rubinstein I, Zamel N, DuBarry L, and Hoffstein V. Airflow limitation in morbidly obese, nonsmoking men. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:828-32. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul D. Scanlon, MD; Paul L. Enright, MDAffiliations: Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1990Volume 113, Issue 12 Page: 993-994 Keywords Asthma Breathing Obesity Overweight ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 December 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Computed tomography in dementia: an expensive innovation?
Authors: A. Ludbrook, D. Parkin
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the effect of systematic screening for risk factors for ischaemic heart disease followed by repeated lifestyle counselling on the 10 year development of ischaemic heart disease at a population level. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled community based trial. <b>Setting</b> Suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark <b>Participants</b> 59 616 people aged 30-60 years randomised with different age and sex randomisation ratios to an intervention group (n=11 629) and a control group (n=47 987). <b>Intervention</b> The intervention group was invited for screening, risk assessment, and lifestyle counselling up to four times over a five year period. All participants with an unhealthy lifestyle had individually tailored lifestyle counselling at all visits (at baseline and after one and three years); those at high risk of ischaemic heart disease, according to predefined criteria, were furthermore offered six sessions of group based lifestyle counselling on smoking cessation, diet, and physical activity. After five years all were invited for a final counselling session. Participants were referred to their general practitioner for medical treatment, if relevant. The control group was not invited for screening. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome measure was incidence of ischaemic heart disease in the intervention group compared with the control group. Secondary outcome measures were stroke, combined events (ischaemic heart disease, stroke, or both), and mortality. <b>Results</b> 6091 (52.4%) people in the intervention group participated at baseline. Among 5978 people eligible at five year follow-up (59 died and 54 emigrated), 4028 (67.4%) attended. A total of 3163 people died in the 10 year follow-up period. Among 58 308 without a history of ischaemic heart disease at baseline, 2782 developed ischaemic heart disease. Among 58 940 without a history of stroke at baseline, 1726 developed stroke. No significant difference was seen between the intervention and control groups in the primary end point (hazard ratio for ischaemic heart disease 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.13) or in the secondary endpoints (stroke 0.98, 0.87 to 1.11; combined endpoint 1.01, 0.93 to 1.09; total mortality 1.00, 0.91 to 1.09). <b>Conclusion</b> A community based, individually tailored intervention programme with screening for risk of ischaemic heart disease and repeated lifestyle intervention over five years had no effect on ischaemic heart disease, stroke, or mortality at the population level after 10 years. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00289237.
Semiquinone anion radicals of catechol(amine)s, catechol estrogens, and their metal ion complexes.
Authors: B Kalyanaraman, C C Felix, R C Sealy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The characterization and identification of semiquinone radicals from catechol(amine)s and catechol estrogens by electron spin resonance spectroscopy is addressed. The use of diamagnetic metal ions, especially Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions, to detect transient semiquinone radicals in biological systems and to monitor their reactions, is discussed. A brief account of the identification and reactions of quinones is also presented.
SPONTANEOUS RELEASE OF T-CELL RECEPTORS FOR ALLOANTIGENS
Authors: Hansruedy Ramseier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

In vitro cultivation of murine spleen cells resulted in a spontaneous release of receptors for alloantigens. This was revealed by the capacity of cell-free culture supernates to recognize alloantigens as measured in the PAR assay. Qualitatively, recognition responses obtained with these supernates reproduced faithfully those found with the corresponding cells. Large amounts of receptors were released by untreated spleen cells and by spleen cells treated with a rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin serum and complement, smaller amounts were released by bone marrow cells, and native thymus cells released none. Spleen cells from nude mice and spleen cells from normal mice treated with anti-theta serum and complement showed no release of receptors. It was concluded that receptors active in the PAR test were of T-cell origin. Release of T-cell receptors was found to be discontinuous and proceeded in waves. The amount of released receptors depended on the number of cells cultivated. Release occurred at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C. Interaction with antigen, however, was temperature-independent. In contrast to T-cell receptors, a release of H-2 antigens could not be detected with the culture conditions employed.
Dynamic scanning defines a colonic defect in severe idiopathic constipation.
Authors: M A Kamm, J E Lennard-Jones, D G Thompson, R Sobnack, N W Garvie, M Granowska
Journal: Gut (1988)

A technique is described in which a chemical stimulus applied to the mucosa of the right colon is used to assess colonic motor function. Peroral intubation of the right colon was achieved using a fine polyvinylchloride (PVC) tube. Bisacodyl was used to initiate colonic motor activity, and colonic transit was monitored using 99mTc-DPTA and a gamma camera. In normal subjects there was rapid movement of the radiopharmaceutical from the right colon to the rectum. In patients with severe idiopathic constipation, a spectrum of colonic abnormality was observed from slow transit involving the rectum and sigmoid only to slow transit involving the whole colon. The hepatic flexure to rectum transit time for the 9head of the isotope column9 in normals ranged from 1-10 minutes (mean 5.3 minutes), whereas in patients the transit time was 14-25 minutes in four patients and radioisotope did not reach the rectum by two hours in three other patients (controls v patients, p less than 0.01). Patients also showed relatively impaired transport of the isotope 9mass9. This technique has shown that the normal colon is capable of rapid effective transport in response to a standard stimulus, and that patients with severe idiopathic constipation have a definable colonic motor disorder.
An Anesthesiologist's Plea
Authors: T. Cameron MacCaughelty
Journal: JAMA (1981)

I want to plead with internists, family practitioners, and surgeons for understanding of the practice of anesthesiology and for cooperation with anesthesiologists. In the minds of many, the definition of anesthesiology is muddled. Anesthesiology is a practice of medicine dealing with, but not limited to, (1) the management of procedures for rendering a patient insensible to pain and emotional stress during surgical, obstetrical and certain medical procedures; (2) the support of life functions under the stress of anesthetic and surgical manipulations; (3) the clinical management of the patient unconscious from whatever cause; (4) the management of problems in pain relief; (5) the management of problems in cardiac and respiratory resuscitation; (6) the application of specific methods of inhalation therapy; (7) the clinical management of various fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic disturbances. Of the seven facets of the American Board of Anesthesiology's definition, only two strictly involve operating room activities. Anesthesiologists have
New insights into the biology and origin of mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas by combined epigenomic, genomic, and transcriptional profiling
Authors: José I. Martín-Subero, Markus Kreuz, Marina Bibikova, Stefan Bentink, Ole Ammerpohl, Eliza Wickham-Garcia, Maciej Rosolowski, Julia Richter, Lidia Lopez-Serra, Esteban Ballestar, Hilmar Berger, Xabier Agirre, Heinz-Wolfram Bernd, Vincenzo Calvanese, Sergio B. Cogliatti, Hans G. Drexler, Jian-Bing Fan, Mario F. Fraga, Martin L. Hansmann, Michael Hummel, Wolfram Klapper, Bernhard Korn, Ralf Küppers, Roderick A. F. MacLeod, Peter Möller, German Ott, Christiane Pott, Felipe Prosper, Andreas Rosenwald, Carsten Schwaenen, Dirk Schübeler, Marc Seifert, Benjamin Stürzenhofecker, Michael Weber, Swen Wessendorf, Markus Loeffler, Lorenz Trümper, Harald Stein, Rainer Spang, Manel Esteller, David Barker, Dirk Hasenclever, Reiner Siebert
Journal: Blood (2008)
Relationships between exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension and nocturnal desaturation
Authors: V. Jounieaux, D. Rose, P. Aubry
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

To the Editors: 

We read with interest the excellent article by Christensen et al . 1, which failed to show a consistent relationship between hypoxaemia and pulmonary hypertension (PH) during exercise equivalent to activities of daily living (ADL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.

This important observation prompted us to report here the results of a prospective study that we conducted during the 1990s, which has only been published in abstract form 2. Nine male COPD patients with mild hypoxaemia at rest (six current and three ex-smokers) were included in the study (age: 66.9±5.8 yrs, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity: 43.2±15.5% predicted, arterial oxygen tension ( P a,O2): 8.66±0.47 kPa (65.1±3.5 mmHg), carbon dioxide arterial tension ( P a,CO2): 5.93±0.77 kPa (44.6±5.8 mmHg)). Haemodynamic …
Upregulation of miRNA hsa-miR-342-3p in experimental and idiopathic prion disease
Authors: Judith Montag, Reiner Hitt, Lennart Opitz, Walter J Schulz-Schaeffer, Gerhard Hunsmann, Dirk Motzkus
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2009)

The aim of our study was to analyze the differential expression of miRNAs in the brains of BSE-infected cynomolgus macaques as a model for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression by mRNA targeting. Among other functions they contribute to neuronal development and survival. Recently, the lack of miRNA processing has been shown to promote neurodegeneration and deregulation of several miRNAs has been reported to be associated with Scrapie in mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that miRNAs are also regulated in response to human prion disease. We have applied miRNA-microarrays to identify deregulated miRNA candidates in brains of BSE-infected macaques. Shock-frozen brain sections of six BSE-infected and five non-infected macaques were used to validate regulated miRNA candidates by two independent qRT-PCR-based methods. Our study revealed significant upregulation of hsa-miR-342-3p and hsa-miR-494 in the brains of BSE-infected macaques compared to non-infected animals. In a pilot study we could show that hsa-miR-342-3p was also upregulated in brain samples of human type 1 and type 2 sporadic CJD. With respect to the reported regulation of this miRNA in Scrapie-infected mice, we propose that upregulation of hsa-miR-342-3p may be a general phenomenon in late stage prion disease and might be used as a novel marker for animal and human TSEs.