tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Omega-3 fatty acids alleviate chemically induced acute hepatitis by suppression of cytokines
Authors: Christoph Schmöcker, Karsten H. Weylandt, Lena Kahlke, Jingdong Wang, Hartmut Lobeck, Gisa Tiegs, Thomas Berg, Jing X. Kang
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) are key factors in liver inflammation. Supplementation with essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been demonstrated to lower TNF-alpha and IL-1 production in mononuclear cells. An inflammation-dampening effect has been observed with increased omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in several inflammatory diseases. In this study, we used the transgenic fat-1 mouse, expressing a Caenorhabditis elegans desaturase endogenously forming n-3 PUFA from n-6 PUFA, to analyze the effect of an increased n-3 PUFA tissue status in the macrophage-dependent acute D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccaride (D-GalN/LPS) hepatitis model. We show less severe inflammatory liver injury in fat-1 mice with a balanced n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio as evidenced by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase levels and less severe histological liver damage. This decreased inflammatory response was associated with decreased plasma TNF-alpha levels and with reduced hepatic gene expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and IL-6 in fat-1 mice, leading to a decreased rate of apoptosis in livers from fat-1 animals, as measured by DAPI-staining.The results of this study offer evidence for an inflammation dampening effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the context of liver inflammation.
What Really Causes a Cold?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE ISOLATION OF DIPHTHERIA BACILLI
Authors: D. R. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1921)

DIPHTHERTA BACILLIC r ~~~~~~~~~~b one could be felt high up wvith a soft blunt.prqbe.An x-ray photograph sliowed large fronital sinuses divided into loculi with a fairly sharp outline onweither side.There was a definite ,general haze round the glabella, but no indication of an opening in the anterior wvall of the left sinus.The, antra were clear oln tran'silluminiation.
Abstract 3720: External Validation of Established Risk Adjustment Models for Procedural Complications after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on an Independent Data Set
Authors: Babu Kunadian, Raj Das, Joel Dunning, Kunadian Vijayalakshmi, Andrew G Sutton, Douglas F Muir, Robert A Wright, James A Hall, Mark A de Belder
Journal: Circulation (2007)

We sought to validate the two risk adjustment models (Mayo Clinic,US &amp; NWQIP,UK models) for in-hospital PCI complications on an independent data set of patients undergoing PCI. Methods: Between September 2002 and August 2006, 5034 consecutive PCI procedures (Validation set) were performed on a patient group characterized by a high incidence of AMI (16.1%) and cardiogenic shock (1.7%). Two external models of in-hospital complications (in-hospital death; Q-wave MI; emergent CABG; and CVA) after PCI, one developed by the North West Quality Improvement Programme (NWQIP; n = 9914) and the other by the Mayo Clinic (MC; n = 5463), were externally validated. Results: In this patient group, an overall in-hospital complication rate of 2% was observed. Multivariate regression analysis identified risk factors for in-hospital complications that were similar to the risk factors identified by the two external models. When fitted to the data set, both external models had an area under the ROC curve ≥ 0.85 (c index (95% CI), NWQIP; 0.86 (0.82, 0.9), MC; 0.87(0.84, 0.9)) indicating overall excellent model discrimination and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p &gt; 0.1). The NWQIP model was accurate in predicting in-hospital complications in different patient subgroups. Conclusions We have externally validated both models. Despite differences in variable selection, these predictive models yield comparable results when applied to patient groups in a different geographic population other than the one on which the original model was developed. These prediction rules can be useful for risk-adjustment analysis and for prognostication for individual patients.
In search for predictive factors for atopy in human cord blood
Authors: J. P. Allam, O. Zivanovic, C. Berg, U. Gembruch, T. Bieber, N. Novak
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Since early prevention is regarded as an important corner stone in the management of atopic diseases, the identification of reliable markers detecting individuals at risk are of major interest. Therefore, many efforts have been made to unravel reliable predictors for atopy which might identify children at risk and allow the initiation of preventive strategies at an early stage. In the past, much scientific energy has been forced in particular on the development of as noninvasive methods as possible to reach this goal. It is obvious that the identification of markers for atopy at the earliest time of life – namely immediately after birth – represents one of the most attractive attempts. In consequence various studies have been initiated to address this issue investigating markers for atopy in cord blood. Most of them have been geared to our current knowledge about cellular and soluble factors which are dysregulated in adolescent atopic individuals. Although the findings of these studies will improve our knowledge about the initial evolution of atopy, several parameters evaluated did not show any association or have led to almost conflicting results. In order to provide an up‐date about the current developments in this field, recent research findings on predictive factors for atopy in cord blood are summarized in the following synopsis.
Small Intestinal Scleroderma With Malabsorption and Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis
Authors: Walter E. Meihoff
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Three patients had scleroderma of the gastrointestinal tract manifested by chronic partial small bowel obstruction and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. In two of them rupture of cysts caused pneumoperitoneum. Melabsorption of fat, vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, and xylose led to rapid wasting. Massive jejunal contamination with bacteria was present in two of the patients, and in these two the steatorrhea was successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics. Repeated courses of antibiotics were necessary because of recurrent diarrhea and steatorrhea. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis has not been emphasized previously as a complication of small intestinal scleroderma. The origin of the cyst gas is unknown, but the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract seems the most likely source. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is probably a late complication and its presence suggests a poor prognosis.
The immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in humans: inheritance patterns in families.
Authors: M S Kruskall, C A Alper, Z Awdeh, E J Yunis, D Marcus-Bagley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

We have recently shown that the human antibody response to the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine is major histocompatibility complex (MHC) associated. In studies of nonresponders to the vaccine, we found an increased incidence of individuals homozygous for human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins associated with the extended (conserved) haplotype [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3]. In later prospective vaccination trials, we showed that none of five individuals homozygous for this haplotype developed more than 1,300 radioimmunoassay (RIA) units of antibody (mean, 467 RIA units), while all heterozygotes made at least 2,500 RIA units (mean antibody level, 15,608 units). Our results suggested that [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3] lacks an immune response gene for HBsAg, and that response is inherited in a dominant fashion. To provide further evidence for this hypothesis, we have now analyzed the results of HBsAg immunization in families. 43 members of 10 families were immunized with the hepatitis B vaccine, including seven families where at least one member bore the haplotype [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3], and three families where one member had already received, but failed to respond to, the vaccine. In two of these three families, the presence of [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3] was subsequently found. Of nine MHC-identical sibling pairs in the study, both members of eight pairs had similar antibody responses (five nonresponder and three responder pairs). In all families with such sibling pairs, including the discordant pair, rank-ordering members by antibody level demonstrated that no relative's value came between the sibling pair values. Furthermore, of nine [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3]-haplotype-homozygous individuals, six were nonresponders, and two others had only low-normal responses. [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3]-heterozygous family members always had higher levels of antibody than their homozygous relatives. Linkage analysis of nonresponse to HLA haplotypes revealed a maximum likelihood LOD (logarithm of the odds) score of 6.3 at a recombination fraction of 0.1. The MHC association with lack of antibody response to HBsAg was not seen with tetanus immunization, where 1 of 20 HBsAg responders and 1 of 21 poor or nonresponders had tetanus titers of less than 1:512; both tetanus nonresponders were [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3] heterozygotes. Our results indicate that: (a) response to the HBsAg vaccine is MHC linked, and inherited in a dominant fashion; (b) an abnormal or missing immune response (Ir) gene for HBsAg is a characteristic of most examples of the extended haplotype [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3]; and (c) other haplotypes also have abnormal or missing Ir genes for HBsAg.
Cancer Cell Mitochondria Are Direct Proapoptotic Targets for the Marine Antitumor Drug Lamellarin D
Authors: Jérôme Kluza, Miguel-Angel Gallego, Anne Loyens, Jean-Claude Beauvillain, José-Maria Fernandez Sousa-Faro, Carmen Cuevas, Philippe Marchetti, Christian Bailly
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Lamellarin D is a marine alkaloid with a pronounced cytotoxicity against a large panel of cancer cell lines and is a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase I. However, lamellarin D maintains a marked cytotoxicity toward cell lines resistant to the reference topoisomerase I poison camptothecin. We therefore hypothesized that topoisomerase I is not the only cellular target for the drug. Using complementary cell-based assays, we provide evidence that lamellarin D acts on cancer cell mitochondria to induce apoptosis. Lamellarin D, unlike camptothecin, induces early disruption of the inner mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) in the P388 leukemia cell line. The functional alterations are largely prevented by cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), but not by the inhibitor of caspases, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(Ome)-fluoromethylketone. Δψm disruption is associated with mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c leakage. Using a reliable real-time flow cytometric monitoring of Δψm and swelling of mitochondria isolated from leukemia cells, we show that lamellarin D has a direct MPT-inducing effect. Furthermore, mitochondria are required in a cell-free system to mediate lamellarin D–induced nuclear apoptosis. The direct mitochondrial effect of lamellarin D accounts for the sensitivity of topoisomerase I–mutated P388CPT5 cells resistant to camptothecin. Interestingly, a tumor-active analogue of lamellarin D, designated PM031379, also exerts a direct proapoptotic action on mitochondria, with a more pronounced activity toward mitochondria of tumor cell lines compared with nontumor cell lines. Altogether, this work reinforces the pharmacologic interest of the lamellarins and defines lamellarin D as a lead in the search for treatments against chemoresistant cancer cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(6): 3177-87)
Stress and the Heart: Interactions of the Cardiovascular System, Behavioral State, and Psychotropic Drugs
Authors: Arthur J. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This multiauthored book, an outgrowth of two international symposiums on biological psychiatry, presents clinical and experimental studies that deal with circulatory disorders and psychiatric illness. The authors are largely pharmacologists, psychiatrists, and pathologists, with only one cardiologist. The book is divided into four main sections, namely, coronary disease and anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the heart, stress factors in hypertension, and psychopharmacological aspects of the cerebral circulation. There is also an introduction by Hans Selye and a concluding article on the sociological aspects of the problem. The topics are diverse, and widely disparate areas such as emotional stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease and ECG changes with psychotropic drugs are included. The chapters on organic brain syndromes and circulatory disorders in old age and the effects of psychotropic drugs on the EEG in cerebral arteriosclerosis do not relate to the title of the book. The individual chapters are well
A PORTABLE RATION FOR SOLDIERS IN BATTLE AND ON THE MARCH.
Authors: LOUIS L. SEAMAN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

So many and so complex are the considerations involved in this question that it can be readily seen no uniform standard can be made applicable to all armies or to all countries. Climate, season, custom, fixed tastes of different nationalities inherited through generations, distance from base of supplies, cost of preparation, are all factors that materially influence the selection of a portable ration and also indicate the impossibility of uniformity. It is, therefore, not my purpose to advocate any single standard ration, but rather to point out the advantages of certain articles of food that may be added to or replace others in already existing standards, as gathered by an experience with different armies in various lands. An efficient dietary requires that its constituents shall furnish the proximate principles in amounts necessary for the economy, that they shall be easily digested as well as palatable, and that they shall fulfill
Cimetidine and Alopecia
Authors: SAEED AHMAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1979Cimetidine and AlopeciaSAEED AHMAD, M.D.SAEED AHMAD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-6-930_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A 35-year-old woman was prescribed cimetidine for duodenal ulcer in August 1978. After 2 weeks of starting the therapy she noticed large amounts of hair on the pillows and brush. Her sink had become clogged with hair on numerous occasions. She could produce a large clump of hair by simply running her fingers through her scalp. Hair loss stopped when the therapy was discontinued.She needed a second course of cimetidine for the recurrence of ulcer symptoms. While on cimetidine she started losing hair again so she stopped the therapy.The temporal association between taking the drug... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySystemic causes of hair lossDRUG-ASSOCIATED ALOPECIADrug-Related AlopeciaDRUGS AND ALOPECIACometidine-associated AlopeciaThe metabolism of [ 14 C]cimetidine in man 1 December 1979Volume 91, Issue 6Page: 930-930KeywordsDrugsDuodenal ulcersRunningUlcers Issue Published: 1 December 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Vaccine protects against Ebola virus
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Researchers have successfully vaccinated macque monkeys against the Ebola virus, inducing full protection against this fatal infection and inspiring hope that a human vaccine will soon follow ( Nature 2000;408:605-9).

Ebola virus mysteriously appeared in Sudan and Zaire (formerly the Congo) in 1976, causing haemorrhagic fevers and rapidly killing up to 90% of those infected. The virus has caused periodic outbreaks in Africa ever since. An epidemic currently affecting the northern Gulu district of Uganda has so far killed 140 people.

Ebola belongs to the family of single stranded RNA viruses known as filoviruses and causes haemorrhagic fevers with high mortality. Its natural host is unknown, but a simian reservoir is suspected.

The virus is transmitted …
Sudek's Atrophy v Disuse Osteoporosis
Authors: R. F. Kilcoyne
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Jan 7 TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY (1983;249:77) discussed causes for the "bone within a bone" appearance. I disagree with Frager and Subbarao's description of subcortical osteoporosis in the round bones of the carpus and tarsus as being indicative of acute reflex dystrophy syndrome (Sudeck's atrophy). This type of resorption of bone is commonly seen after immobilization, usually for treatment of fracture in the affected limb. The development of a zone of translucency beneath the subchondral plate of the talus in cases of talar fracture is considered a good prognostic sign and not a sign of reflex dystrophy. The term<i>Hawkins' sign</i>has been applied to this talar finding to indicate that avascular necrosis will not develop in the proximal fracture fragment.<sup>1</sup> Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of burning pain, trophic changes with swollen, pale, stiff digits, and the roentgenographic sign
Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice
Authors: Lena Alexopoulou, Venetta Thomas, Markus Schnare, Yves Lobet, Juan Anguita, Robert T. Schoen, Ruslan Medzhitov, Erol Fikrig, Richard A. Flavell
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Soluble ST2 is associated with adverse outcome in patients with heart failure of ischaemic aetiology
Authors: Kaspar Broch, Thor Ueland, Ståle H. Nymo, John Kjekshus, Johannes Hulthe, Pieter Muntendam, John J. McMurray, John Wikstrand, John G. Cleland, Pål Aukrust, Lars Gullestad
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Brain cannabinoid CB2 receptors modulate cocaine's actions in mice
Authors: Zheng-Xiong Xi, Xiao-Qing Peng, Xia Li, Rui Song, Hai-Ying Zhang, Qing-Rong Liu, Hong-Ju Yang, Guo-Hua Bi, Jie Li, Eliot L Gardner
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Abstract 3885: FXR is implicated in matrix metalloproteinases regulation, tumor invasion and metastasis in breast cancer.
Authors: Noura Alasmael, Lisiane B. Meira, Karen Swales, Nick Plant
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastatic breast cancer is a principle cause of female mortality. In general, metastatic cancers show poor response to current treatments and therefore the development of new therapies is essential. Metastasis is a multi-step process where cancer cells migrate from the primary tumour to other distant organs. For this to occur, degradation of the extracellular matrix is required, allowing cancer cells to invade the vasculature and migrate to distant sites. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that breakdown the extracellular matrix, with increased expression of MMP-2 and -9 associated with metastatic breast cancer. MMP activity is tightly regulated by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs): TIMP-1 inhibits MMP-9 activity while TIMP-2 inhibits MMP-2 activity. Studies have shown that the nuclear receptor Farnesoid X-receptor (FXR) is involved in regulation of MMP and TIMP activity in hepatic and vascular tissues. As FXR is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether FXR is a novel regulator of MMP-2 and -9 in breast cancer cells. The viability of the breast cancer cell lines MCF7 (Estrogen receptor positive) and MDA-MB-468 (Estrogen receptor negative) was measured after exposure to the FXR agonists chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and 3-[2-[2-Chloro-4-[[3-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1-methylethyl)-4 isoxazolyl]methoxy]phenyl]ethenyl]benzoic acid (GW4064). In both cases, these FXR ligands caused cell death in both cell lines, with reduction of cell viability being significantly higher in the triple negative MDA-MB-468 cells. mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2 and -9 within both cell lines did not change after FXR activation, as measured by real time PCR and Western blotting. However, GW4064 did increase secreted MMP activity, as measured by a fluorescent substrate, in a concentration dependent manner, whereas CDCA had no effect. Such data suggests that while FXR ligands may be cytotoxic to breast cancer cells, they may also increase the risk of invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: Noura Alasmael, Lisiane B. Meira, Karen Swales, Nick Plant. FXR is implicated in matrix metalloproteinases regulation, tumor invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3885. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3885
Age-Related Normal Variants of Sternal Uptake on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Vahidreza Dabbagh Kakhki, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The purpose of this study was to describe the variable age-related normal appearance of the sternal area on bone scintigraphy.We studied 334 patients (158 males and 176 females) aged 15 days to 85 years, mean age 32.5 +/- 19.9 years, who did not have symptoms associated with the sternum and chest wall or a history of malignancy. All patients underwent whole-body bone scan 3 hours after intravenous injection of Tc-99m MDP.In patients younger than 10 years, sternal uptake was equal to nearby ribs with homogeneous uptake and poorly defined outlines. In older patients, the sternum showed markedly greater uptake than nearby ribs and the borders became well defined. Different patterns of sternal uptake were noted: 1) increased uptake in the manubrium; 2) hot spots in the angle of Louis, body and xiphoid; 3) a photopenic area just above the xiphoid process; 4) heterogeneous sternal body uptake; and 5) hyperactivity along the sternal body borders. Of these variants, the angle of Louis hot spot was the most common finding (63.5%). A linear pattern of hot spots in the sternal body was seen most frequently between 10 and 30 years old and corresponded to 3 transverse ridges of bone, representing the sites of union. Increased tracer uptake only at the medial end of the clavicle in the SC joints was seen in 42.13% of patients younger than 30 years.This study showed age-related normal variants of sternal uptake on bone scanning in asymptomatic patients. Understanding these variants may be helpful in differentiating normal and abnormal patterns of uptake in the sternum on radionuclide bone imaging.