tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid Factors in Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis—Bacterium, Duration of Disease or Genetic Predisposition?
Authors: RONALD P. MESSNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Forty-three patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) were studied in an attempt to define what clinical features were important in the development of antigamma globulin factors during the course of their infection. Forty-seven percent showed positive latex fixation tests, and more than half showed some type of anti-gamma globulin factor during the course of their illness. A high degree of correlation between quantitative serum elevations of gamma G and positive test for rheumatoid factors was noted. However, the quantitative elevations of gamma G could not be directly related to infecting bacteria since absorption of sera with the latter produced no more than a 15% decrement in gamma G immunoglobulin. Most patients who developed positive latex fixation tests had a duration of active SBE greater than 6 weeks. An attempt was made to relate the development of a positive latex fixation test to genetic predisposition towards production of various autoantibodies. Kindreds from latex-positive and latex-negative patients with SBE showed no distinct differences in background autoantibodies to nuclear constituents, thyroglobulin, or gamma globulin. However, the most important factors in determining whether patients with SBE develop anti-gamma globulin factors appeared to be duration of infection and quantitative serum elevations of gamma G.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE RECLINING POSTURE IN FEVERS UPON THE PRODUCTION OF OTITIS MEDIA.Read at a meeting of the Milwaukee Medical Society, Dec. 22, 1891.
Authors: H. V. WÜRDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1892)

It is generally accepted as a truism that the most frequent mode for propagation of an inflammation from the naso-pharynx to the middle ear is by direct extension along the mucous lining of the Eustachian tube. Any hindrance to drainage of the middle ear and tube occasioned by occlusion of the nose or pharynx is also recognized as a prolific cause of Eustachian salpingitis and otitis media. This is particularly marked in children, as their naso-pharynx is quite small in proportion to that of adults. Hence, the relatively greater number of acute aural affections in young people. While these are the usual methods, a factor which may be overlooked is sometimes the actual cause, and in other cases an adjuvant of the inflammatory process. The recumbant position in any febrile disease, accompanied by inflammation of the upper air passages, leads to the accumulation of secretion from the nose and mouth
MODIFIED EINHORN THREAD TEST
Authors: Edward Steinfield
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The equivocal results in the use of Einhorn's thread test in the diagnosis of gastric ulcer and malignancy have been due in part to the difficulty in the recognition of the stains as blood. Though other objections have been advanced from time to time by various observers, it has appeared that modifications tending to render the test more sensitive would be of material aid in increasing the usefulness of the procedure. The outlining, by chemical methods, of the areas on the thread impregnated with blood, renders the identification of faint or doubtful blood stains less difficult. A method utilizing this principle has been used recently, and the results are sufficiently encouraging to warrant its trial as a source of added information in suspected lesions of the stomach and duodenum. The entire procedure is as follows: The patient abstains from meat on the day the test is done, or for a
Policy for controlling pain after surgery: effect of sequential changes in management.
Authors: T. H. Gould, D. L. Crosby, M. Harmer, S. M. Lloyd, J. N. Lunn, G. A. Rees, D. E. Roberts, J. A. Webster
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<b>Background and Purpose.</b> Standardized pediatric assessment tools such as the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) numerically quantify changes during rehabilitation through test scores, but they are unable to provide client-specific information regarding important changes in function. The purpose of this study was to identify the smallest change in PEDI scores during inpatient rehabilitation that was considered to be a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) by physical therapists and other clinicians. <b>Subjects and Methods.</b> A retrospective review was done of the medical charts of 53 children and youth (1–19 years of age) discharged from an inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Fifteen clinicians (5 physical therapists, 6 occupational therapists, and 4 speech and language pathologists) who were masked to the PEDI scores provided ratings of the magnitude of functional changes during inpatient rehabilitation using a Likert scale and a visual analog scale (VAS). Ratings by clinicians were reduced to 4 categories, including the MCID, and compared with PEDI change scores. <b>Results.</b> The MCIDs ranged from 6 to 15 points (X̄=11.5, 95% confidence interval=±2.8) for all PEDI scales. Likert scale and VAS ratings were correlated (τ=.73–.80). <b>Discussion and Conclusion.</b> Across all scales, PEDI change scores on the order of about 11% (0–100 scale) appear to be meaningful to clinicians during a child9s or adolescent9s inpatient rehabilitation. These data can serve as a starting point for interpreting group and individual changes on the PEDI during physical therapy intervention in inpatient rehabilitation.
Factors affecting the long-term variability of bronchial responsiveness in an adult general practice population
Authors: CJ Trigg, M Tooley, MF D'Souza, MJ Herdman, JM Thomas, RJ Davies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

There have been few longitudinal studies of bronchial responsiveness. We wanted to assess the long-term variability and associations of bronchial responsiveness in the general population. Spirometry, bronchial provocation tests, skin-prick tests for allergy, and respiratory symptom questionnaires were repeated every 4 months, for 2 years (August 1987-August 1989), in 122 volunteers recruited from a cross-sectional survey of population. Provocation dose producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PD20FEV1) and dose-response slope (SL), which gives values for methacholine responsiveness, were measured in all subjects. SL correlated well with PD20FEV1 but repeatability was impaired in those subjects with unmeasurably high PD20FEV1. The 95% range for repeatability of PD20FEV1 was +/- 3.11 doubling doses and +/- 4.52 doubling slopes for SL. Bronchial responsiveness increased in those with self-reported colds and reduced FEV1 in winter 1987-1988, and in males in winter 1988-1989. Bronchial responsiveness increased during the summer (June-August) of both years, significantly in year 1. We conclude that bronchial responsiveness showed minor seasonal variability and that colds were the strongest predictors of increased bronchial responsiveness over the 2 yr period.
Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Amnon Lahad
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Dr Hurt and colleagues<sup>1</sup>evaluates the effect of nicotine patch therapy combined with physician advice on smoking cessation. Although it was a randomized study, there were important differences between the active and the placebo groups for several baseline characteristics, including the proportion of those employed (85% vs 73%), depressed or "down" (17% vs 23%), previously treated for depression (8% vs 13%), mean pack-years of cigarette smoking (35 vs 40), mean serum cotinine level (261 vs 295 ng/mL), and mean baseline withdrawal symptom score (0.95 vs 1.11). The direction of the differences for these variables could lower the a priori chance of cessation success for the placebo group. Randomization does not always result in groups that are alike, especially when the sample is small. If randomization fails with respect to a known confounder, such discrepancies can be controlled for in the analysis.<sup>2</sup> The
Survey Finds More Physicians Emphasizing Early Detection
Authors: J. A. Steele
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Survey Finds More Physicians Emphasizing Early Detection Get access Julie A. Steele Julie A. Steele Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 9, 2 May 1990, Page 737, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.9.737 Published: 02 May 1990
Hydrogels: Extracellular Matrix Heterogeneity Regulates Three‐Dimensional Morphologies of Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Invasion (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2013)
Authors: Yoojin Shin, Hyunju Kim, Sewoon Han, Jihee Won, Hyo Eun Jeong, Eun‐Sook Lee, Roger D. Kamm, Jae‐Hong Kim, Seok Chung
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Plasticity and reciprocity of breast cancer cells to various extracellular matrices (ECMs) are three-dimensionally analyzed in a quantitative way using a novel and powerful microfluidic in vitro platform. The metastatic potential of cancer cells and their effective strategies of ECM proteolytic remodeling and morphological change are demonstrated. Further details can be found in the article by Seok Chung, Jae-Hong Kim, and co-workers on page 790.
The Morphological and Molecular Nature of Synaptic Vesicle Priming at Presynaptic Active Zones
Authors: Cordelia Imig, Sang-Won Min, Stefanie Krinner, Marife Arancillo, Christian Rosenmund, Thomas C Südhof, JeongSeop Rhee, Nils Brose, Benjamin H Cooper
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Collection Agencies: Instant Destruction of Goodwill
Authors: Rachael Ann Bottorff
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The accounting firms that handle billing and collections for many Chicago physicians are in need of a massive attitude adjustment. Their arrogant approach can undo, in one threatening communication, the goodwill it has taken the physician years to achieve. For a change, might they assume that patients honestly intend to pay their bills and send a polite reminder that money is due? Failing that, how about a nonthreatening telephone call with— can you imagine it—an inquiry about the well-being of the patient? Could they not program their computers to note special circumstances, like a death for instance, so that they avoid telephoning the widow and asking to speak to the deceased? The fact is that the bean-counters are reinforcing the perception of the medical profession as greedy and uncaring. It is time to replace them with decent human beings.
Use of Remote Monitoring of Newly Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Authors: Joseph G. Akar, Haikun Bao, Paul Jones, Yongfei Wang, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Paul Varosy, Frederick A. Masoudi, Kenneth Stein, Leslie A. Saxon, Jeptha P. Curtis
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Current guidelines recommend using remote patient monitoring (RPM) for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, but the patterns of adoption of this technology have not been described. Successful use of RPM depends on (1) the enrollment of the patient into an RPM system and (2) subsequent activation of RPM by the enrolled patient. We examined RPM enrollment and activation rates and the patient, physician, and institutional determinants of RPM use. Methods and Results— Information about the use of RPM-capable devices was obtained from the Boston Scientific Corporation ALTITUDE program and linked to the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry. Patients were first categorized as RPM-enrolled and RPM-not enrolled, and the RPM-enrolled patients were further categorized into RPM-active and RPM-inactive groups based on whether they transmitted RPM data. Variables associated with RPM enrollment and activation were identified with the use of multivariable logistic regression. Among 39 158 patients with newly implanted RPM-capable devices, 62% (n=24 113) were RPM-enrolled. Of those enrolled, 76% (n=18 289, or 47% of the entire cohort) activated their device. RPM enrollment was highly variable among institutions. The hospital-specific median odds ratio for RPM enrollment was 3.43, signifying that physician or institutional factors are associated with RPM enrollment. In contrast, the hospital-specific median odds ratio for RPM activation was 1.69. Age, race, health insurance, geographic location, and health-related factors were similarly associated with both RPM enrollment and activation. Conclusions— RPM technology is used in less than half of eligible patients. Lack of enrollment into RPM systems is the major cause of underutilization, and this primarily relates to the local practice environment.
A Recombinant Viruslike Particle Influenza A (H7N9) Vaccine
Authors: Louis F Fries, Gale E Smith, Gregory M Glenn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Influenza A (H7N9) emerged earlier this year as a health threat in China. Efforts to develop a vaccine are under way. This letter presents initial phase 1 clinical data on the safety and immunogenicity of a candidate vaccine.
Challenges and opportunities in drug and biomarker development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Findings and recommendations from an American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases–U.S. Food and Drug Administration Joint Workshop
Authors: Arun J. Sanyal, Scott L. Friedman, Arthur J. McCullough, Lara Dimick‐Santos
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) in North America. It is a growing contributor to the burden of CDL requiring liver transplantation. Cirrhosis is also associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular cancer, which may occur even in the absence of cirrhosis in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the histological form of NAFLD associated with increased liver‐related mortality. The diagnosis of NASH currently requires a liver biopsy. There are also no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved therapies for NASH. Therefore, there is a need to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with NASH, targeting both those with early‐stage disease as well as those with advanced liver fibrosis. There are unique challenges in the design of studies for these target populations. The long relatively asymptomatic time interval in the progression of NAFLD and NASH to cirrhosis and ultimately liver failure, along with gaps in knowledge regarding disease modifiers, combine to present significant challenges in trial design. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop methods to identify the populations at particular risk of disease progression and validate endpoints that reflect meaningful changes in health status in this population. This article summarizes the discussion at a joint workshop held September 5 and 6, 2013 in Silver Spring, Maryland, sponsored by the FDA and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases to develop guidance on diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for NASH. (H epatology 2015;61:1392–1405)
Parkinsonism; Its Medical and Surgical Therapy
Authors: Leo Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book is an important landmark in our knowledge of the treatment of parkinsonism. After a brief review of the medical treatment and adjunctive treatments with their well-known limitations, the author presents the surgical treatment, its technique and its results, in gratifyingly full and meticulous detail.  The author himself originated and developed the most effective and practicable form of surgical treatment of parkinsonism available today, beginning with ligation of the anterior choroidal ( pallidohippocampal ) artery, which furnishes the sole blood supply of the medial and intermediate segments of the globus pallidus and participates in the blood supply of the lateroventral region of the thalamus. The author developed his techniques of chemopallidectomy and chemothalamectomy on the basis of his studies of 50 patients so operated upon. At the time of writing, the author had examined and studied 5,000 cases of parkinsonism and operated on 1,500 of them. Chemothalamectomy is at present his
Ultraviolet Photolysis of Chlorpyrifos: Developmental Neurotoxicity Modeled in PC12 Cells
Authors: Theodore A. Slotkin, Frederic J. Seidler, Changlong Wu, Emiko A. MacKillop, Karl G. Linden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundUltraviolet photodegradation products from pesticides form both in the field and during water treatment.ObjectivesWe evaluated the photolytic breakdown of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) in terms of both the chemical entities generated by low-pressure ultraviolet C irradiation and their potential as developmental neurotoxicants.MethodsWe separated by-products using high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized them by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We assessed neurotoxicity in neuronotypic PC12 cells, both in the undifferentiated state and during differentiation.ResultsPhotodegradation of CPF in methanol solution generated CPF oxon and trichloropyridinol, products known to retain developmental neurotoxicant actions, as well as a series of related organophosphate and phosphorothionate derivatives. Exposure conditions that led to 50% degradation of CPF thus did not reduce developmental neurotoxicity. The degradation mixture inhibited DNA synthesis in undifferentiated cells to the same extent as native CPF. In differentiating cells, the products likewise retained the full ability to elicit shortfalls in cell number and corresponding effects on cell growth and neurite formation. When the exposure was prolonged to the point where 70% of the CPF was degraded, the adverse effects on PC12 cells were no longer evident; however, these conditions were sufficiently severe to generate toxic products from the methanol vehicle.ConclusionsOur results indicate that field conditions or remediation treatments that degrade a significant proportion of the CPF do not necessarily produce inactive products and, indeed, may elicit formation of even more toxic chemicals that are more water soluble and thus have greater field mobility than CPF itself.
Acral granulomatous dermatosis
Authors: S. MIYAGAWA, M. KITAOKA, M. KOMATSU, K. SAKAMOTO, T. SHIRAI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

A 17‐year‐old boy developed an acral granulomatous dermatosis which resembled clinically acrodermatitis continuea of Hallopeau. The histology showed dermal and subcutaneous abscess formation with granulomas. The lesions responded to systemic corticosteroid therapy, with residual atrophy and contractures of the fingers.
Differential and tumor-specific expression of CD160 in B-cell malignancies
Authors: Timothy W. Farren, Jerome Giustiniani, Feng-Ting Liu, Dimitris A. Tsitsikas, Marion G. Macey, James D. Cavenagh, Heather E. Oakervee, David Taussig, Adrian C. Newland, Maria Calaminici, Armand Bensussan, Michael Jenner, John G. Gribben, Samir G. Agrawal
Journal: Blood (2011)
Intra-operative sentinel lymph node metastasis detection by “one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA)”: results of the french multicentric study.
Authors: M LeFrere Belda, A Bats, C Charon-Barra, H Crouet, G Houvenaeghel, K Clough, A Khaddage, A Leroux, N Lucas, C Nos, F Penault-Llorca, B Poulet, F Lecuru
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1004 Background: Sentinel node (SLN) biopsy is widely used as a staging procedure in early breast cancer. usual procedures for intra-operative assessment have a low sensitivity and lead to reoperations for axillary dissection when the SLN is metastatic. The semi-automated OSNA test is based on a short sample preparation step and subsequent rapid amplification of CK19 mRNA. Results are available within 30 - 40 minutes. The OSNA method was developed to accurately detect metastases (≥ 0.2mm) in an intra-operative setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate diagnostic performance of OSNA in comparison to intensive histological examination.&amp;#x2028; Methods: A total of 509 fresh SLN (234 patients) were cut into four slices. Two alternate slices were analysed by OSNA, the remaining ones were cut at 200µm intervals. On each level, Haematoxylin &amp; Eosin and immunohistochemical staining (CK19 and AE1/AE3) were performed. In case of discordant results, the lysates of samples were subjected to QRT-PCR and Western Blot (Discordant Case Investigation, DCI) in order to detect whether the discordances were caused by tissue allocation bias (TAB): localisation of tumour deposits in only one slice due to the study design.&amp;#x2028; Results: results were concordant for 202/234 patients (33 positive and 169 negative). 17/32 discordant cases were due to TAB. 2 cases were ininterpretable due to procedure errors. For remaining discordant cases, 2 were histology + / OSNA - and 11 were histology - / OSNA + (8 of them had CK 19 expression levels close to the cutoff). The sensitivity was 94.30% and specificity 93.90%. The overall concordance rate was 93.96%.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: OSNA is a rapid and accurate tool for intra-operative assessment of SLN and could reduce the reoperation rate for secondary axillary dissection when the SLN is metastatic. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1004.
ABDOMINAL SURGERY AND ITS EVOLUTION AND INVOLUTION.Read and discussed before the Marion County Medical Society, November 15, 1892.
Authors: JOSEPH EASTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

While walking with a professional friend in the city of Chicago, I asked what had become of a certain doctor with whose name I had become familiar through his contributions to surgical literature some five years ago. The answer was, "He is doing some practice now." This good doctor's answer impressed me and begat other questions. How much of our current literature comes from those who write before they practice? How much from doctors who practice before they write, and what is the real motive which prompts the writer? Is it to place upon the altar of science the tithes of his experience? If so, have they been tested in the crucible of truth, and is he giving us only the atom of gold which he has found among the dross, or is our embryonic specialist intoxicated with the little knowledge gained by reading plus that obtained by his maiden
Hyperlipemia and Sulfonylurea Therapy
Authors: Roy C. Gumpel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A report by Shipp et al (<i>JAMA</i><b>188:</b>468 [May 4] 1964), describing severe hyperlipemia in three diabetics treated with sulfonylurea compounds, proposes that "... enough control to prevent ketosis, but not enough to prevent hyperglycemia, may have provided a longterm metabolic balance favoring the development of hyperlipemia." It is not necessary to implicate tolbutamide in the development of lipemia, for no apparent increase in the incidence of lipid abnormalities has occurred subsequent to June 10, 1957, when tolbutamide was made available for general use. It has long been recognized that lipemic complications appear at any time during the course of diabetes mellitus when sufficient decrease in carbohydrate utilization occurs that the body mobilizes its fat depots. What<i>is</i>important and<i>is</i>stressed by the authors is the need for continued clinical attention to carbohydrate metabolism in patients receiving sulfonylurea therapy. The report illustrates the point, not adequately