tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The LDIflare
Authors: Singhan T.M. Krishnan, Gerry Rayman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel method for assessing the axon reflex and to determine its value in detecting neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.The neurogenic flare response to nociceptive stimuli is mediated by an axon reflex involving small unmyelinated C-fibers. We developed a method to assess this reflex involving skin heating to 44 degrees C to evoke the flare followed by scanning the site using a laser Doppler imager (LDI) to measure the area; we termed this method LDIflare. To confirm its neurogenic nature, we examined the LDIflare in eight healthy subjects before and after topical administration of anesthesia. We used this technique to detect C-fiber neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes. A total of 36 subjects were studied: 12 subjects with neuropathy (group DN), 12 subjects without neuropathy (group DC), and 12 age- and sex-matched control subjects (group NC). For comparison, small-fiber function was also assessed using the Computer Aided Sensory Evaluator-IV (CASE IV) (WR Medical Electronics, Stillwater, MN).In the eight healthy control subjects, LDIflare was markedly reduced after topical administration of anesthesia (1.62 [1.45-1.72] vs. 5.2 cm2 [3.9-5.9], P <0.0001), confirming its neurogenic nature. Similarly, in neuropathic subjects, LDIflare was significantly smaller compared with normal and diabetic control subjects (LDIflare area: DN 1.3 cm2 [0.9-1.8], NC 5.5 cm2 [3.9-5.8], and DC 2.8 cm2 [2.5-3.8]; P <0.0001 and P=0.01, respectively). The group without neuropathy (DC) also demonstrated a reduced flare compared with the NC group (P=0.01). In contrast, C-fiber function assessed by evaluating the quantitative thermal thresholds (CASE IV) did not detect a difference between the latter two groups.This study confirms the neurogenic nature of the LDIflare and clearly demonstrates loss of C-fiber function in neuropathic subjects with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, it demonstrates C-fiber dysfunction before its detection by other currently available methods, including CASE IV. The LDIflare seems to be a simple objective method to detect early neuropathy and may be of value in assessing therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing or reversing C-fiber dysfunction.
Selecting Lung Cancer Patients for Treatment with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence<i>In situ</i>Hybridization—Why, When, and How?
Authors: Rafal Dziadziuszko, Fred R. Hirsch, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Paul A. Bunn
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that high epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene copy number evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization is an excellent predictive biomarker for response and survival benefit in patients with non–small cell lung cancer who receive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Data on EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemistry as a selection marker are conflicting, although several studies showed that the treatment benefit was confined to EGFR-positive patients. Our studies and others showed that fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were associated with the best predictive value. Expeditious validation of this information in prospective clinical trials with patient selection to first-line treatment is currently being done or planned by several cancer research groups worldwide.
Clonal expansion of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes against human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) genome products in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients.
Authors: K Furukawa, M Mori, N Ohta, H Ikeda, H Shida, K Furukawa, H Shiku
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Short-term culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from patients with human T cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis resulted in dominance by DR+ activated CD8+ T cells. Variations in the T cell receptor (TCR) V alpha and V beta chains in these cells were analyzed, and in all 10 patients examined, 2-3 V gene families were dominant in both TCR V alpha and V beta. In five patients we examined, cultured lymphocytes contained cytotoxic lymphocytes for p40tax (patients HAM2, 3, 7, and 8) or env protein (patient HAM4) of human T lymphotropic virus type I. In patients HAM2 and HAM8, cultured lymphocytes contained a large proportion of V beta 8+ CD8+ and/or V beta 12+ CD8+ cells. The sequence of V beta 8+ and V beta 12+ cDNA revealed that they were oligoclonal with identical or similar sequences in each patient. Elimination experiments with monoclonal antibodies for TCR V beta 8 and V beta 12 showed that they were CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) for p40tax. In addition, flow cytometry and sequencing analysis of uncultured PBMC revealed that in HAM2, V beta 8+ CTL and their precursors account for 7% and V beta 12+ CTL and their precursors account for 18% of total CD8+ cells. This indicates the presence of two markedly expanded clones in vivo. No common dominant TCR V alpha or V beta were observed among 10 HAM patients analyzed.
A NEW TYPE OF FOREIGN BODY IN THE URINARY BLADDER
Authors: DORRIN F. RUDNICK
Journal: JAMA (1930)

During the past few years a great number of various sorts of foreign bodies have been reported as having been found in the urinary bladder, including such articles as chewing gum, hair pins, needles, tallow candles, rubber catheters, pencils and clinical thermometers. The case that I am reporting is, I believe, unique and worth calling attention to in view of the sudden flood of contraceptive methods arid instruments into the hands of the laity. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> An intelligent white woman, aged 22, married, was delivered of a normal full-term baby, Oct. 26, 1929, at the Cook County hospital. Following delivery she returned weekly to the postnatal clinic and her course, as well as that of the baby, was normal and uneventful. During the latter part of February she received a letter from the Medical Bureau of Information on Birth Control located at 190 North State
Swallowed partial dentures
Authors: H. White
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Obesity in Chinese children I do not wish to add fuel to the fire by entering into a discussion on food advertising versus physical inactivity as the culprit for childhood obesity that was prompted by Dr Ashton's editorial (February 2004 JRSM 1 ).I always tell my overweight or obese patients that body fat does not grow on the tree; it has to come from an external source, either overeating or underexertion.The best example comes from China.China used to be known for her slender people; I never saw a fat person in China until very recently. 2Now China is fighting obesity, especially childhood obesity, just like the rest of the world.According to the latest statistics from China, the proportion of obesity among children under the age of 15 increased from 15% in 1982 to 27% today. 3Among the predisposing factors for increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in China, fast food and physical inactivity are the two most important.Because of the efficient advertisements of such fast food giants in the United States as McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken, Chinese children are devouring the American fast food faster than ever. 2,4All of the children in China recognize the image of Ronald McDonald, even though they might not be able to read English. 4hat physical inactivity is the other important risk factor for obesity in Chinese children is illustrated by three observations.First, the effect of television on childhood obesity in China has been documented: each hourly increment of television viewing is associated with a 1-2% increase in the prevalence of obesity in urban China. 5econd, childhood obesity is more prevalent in urban areas than in rural areas, not only because children in rural China are physically more active 6 but also because urban boys consume more fat than rural boys-23-30% versus 16-20%. 7Third, urban children in China are engaged in more homework because they are under pressure to achieve scholastically, whereas rural Chinese children are engaged more in field work because of economic necessity.
Improved Nutrient Absorption after Cimetidine in Short-Bowel Syndrome with Gastric Hypersecretion
Authors: Antoine Cortot, C. Richard Fleming, Juan-R. Malagelada
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

MODERATE gastric hypersecretion is not uncommon after massive small-bowel resection,1 though it may be temporary.2 We speculated that, in patients with the short-bowel syndrome, increased duodenal acid and volume loads might impair digestion and absorption in the proximal gut. Cimetidine, a potent gastric antisecretory agent, might partially correct these abnormalities, allowing for greater efficiency of intraluminal digestion. The following studies in a patient with the short-bowel syndrome lend support to that speculation.Material and Methods Case report. A 36-year-old woman was seen because of massive steatorrhea (excretion of 18 g per day on a 20-g-fat diet), diarrhea (10 to . . .
Analgesia in terminal malignant disease.
Authors: P S Russell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

bearing-down reflex had been abolished, because these mothers.exhibited the least accumulation of metabolic acidosis (those epidural mothers who retained the bearingdown reflex were rather more acidotic because, presumably, of the greater exertion involved).3The important point, however, is that at each designated duration of the second stage the "epidural" infants were less acidotic at delivery than were the "non-epidural" infants.It appears from the reports of their studies4 5 that Professor Derom and his colleagues found no significant difference in the acid-base state of neonates referable to epidural analgesia, but they did not introduce into their analysis the duration of the second stage as a variable factor.I would contend that in the circum- stances under review it is the contrast between the absolute values of neonatal acidosis which is of importance, and not the difference between the values of feto-maternal gradients.
Factors influencing the structure and shape of stenotic and regurgitant jets: An in vitro investigation using doppler color flow mapping and optical flow visualization
Authors: Kimberly A. Krabill, Hsing-Wen Sung, Tadashi Tamura, Kyung J. Chung, Ajit P. Yoganathan, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Urinary Test for a Metabolite of Prochlorperazine
Authors: Elliot S. Vesell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DESCRIPTIONS have appeared in this journal of toxic reactions after the administration of prochlorperazine.1 , 2 The diagnostic challenge presented by the extrapyramidal syndrome seen and the value of a simple urinary test for detecting a metabolite of prochlorperazine are illustrated by the following case.Case ReportA 12-year-old girl was rushed to the Massachusetts General Hospital because of spasmodic contractures of the neck and trunk. She had had a respiratory infection treated with tetracycline 2 weeks previously, followed by 4 days of nausea and vomiting.Physical examination on admission revealed a mentally clear but excited girl who was intermittently seized with . . .
Where to look next? The missing landing position effect
Authors: Geoffrey Underwood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The E-Z Reader 7 model is powerful but incomplete. When programming the saccade to the next word, we take into account the familiarity of the letter sequences at the beginning of that word. This landing position effect is well established, but is neglected in the model. A possible locus for the effect is suggested within the E-Z Reader framework.
A First-aid Treatment of Minor Burns
Authors: F. L. Willington
Journal: BMJ (1960)

usual way.After two hours of immersion there was scarcely any visible sign of damage except the erythema. A First-aid Treatment of Minor BurnsTreatment of minor burns has always presented a problem in general practice.This is shown by the number of treatments which have come and gone; for instance, carron oil in the dim and distant past, picric acid, tannic acid, petrolatum gauze, sodium bicarbonate, and now cortisone ointment.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Embolectomy
Authors: John J. Bergan, James G. Hoehn
Journal: JAMA (1964)

GANGRENE of the small bowel and ascending colon commonly follows occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Such intestinal necrosis is preventable by early arterial reconstructive surgery, but diagnosis of mesenteric occlusion is notoriously difficult. Most occlusions are due to thrombosis of the vessel and are inherently unfavorable, but a significant number are caused by emboli and can be cured by embolectomy. The following case illustrates several features of acute mesenteric artery occlusion by embolus and indicates an alternative method of restoring arterial patency. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old white housewife was admitted to the Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital on March 21, 1963, two hours following a sudden onset of severe midepigastric cramping pain accompanied by nausea and diarrhea. She was known to have rheumatic heart disease with auricular fibrillation and had recovered well from a right hemiparesis two years previously. There was a striking lack of abnormal physical findings
Peripheral vascular disease: Author's reply
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: BMJ (1989)

antibiotics in these high risk situations has re- peatedly been shown to reduce the incidence of subsequent infection.In the labour ward attention to basic principles of asepsis and surgery can easily fall.This is understandable for a variety of reasons, but none the less it remains unacceptable.Lessons which were learnt by our predecessors from maternal deaths in the preantibiotic era are often forgotten by junior doctors, to whom antibiotics can become the panacea of all ills.By all means let us use prophylactic antibiotics for caesarean section in patients at high risk, but at the same time let us audit the figures for our own units and make sure that they are not being used to compensate for lack of proper attention to basic obstetric, aseptic, and surgical techniques.These result in savings that cost nothing.
The Metabolic Syndrome in Uygur and Kazak Populations
Authors: Weili Yan, Xiaoyan Yang, Yujian Zheng, Dongliang Ge, Yuanming Zhang, Zimei Shan, Ha Simu, Musilin Sukerobai, Ren Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The metabolic syndrome, which has been defined as a clustering of insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (1–4), has become a major public health issue worldwide. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was significantly different between the Uygur and Kazak populations, the two major minorities in Xinjiang (5,6). The current study aims to evaluate and compare the epidemiological and clinical features of the metabolic syndrome in the Uygur and Kazak ethnic populations.

In total, 3,015 Uygur subjects (1,301 males and 1,714 females) from rural south Xinjiang and 1,281 Kazak subjects (499 males and 719 females) from suburban north Xinjiang were randomly enrolled by multistage cluster sampling. A set of questionnaires was completed, including demographic information; details of medical history; family history of hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and stroke; medication use; and lifestyle information. Three blood pressure measurements and …
INFLUENCE OF EXTRANEOUS PROTEIN AND VIRUS CONCENTRATION ON THE INACTIVATION OF THE RABBIT PAPILLOMA VIRUS BY X-RAYS
Authors: William F. Friedewald, Rubert S. Anderson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

The pronounced resistance to the x-rays manifested by the papilloma virus in ordinary suspensions is due to the protecting influence of extraneous matter and also in considerable degree to the amount of virus present in the preparation. Two to 4 million r were required to inactivate the virus contained in the crude papilloma extracts prepared for the present work, whereas 100,000 r or less was enough to inactivate comparable concentrations of virus after extraneous matter had been excluded by repeated differential centrifugation. The addition of normal rabbit serum or crystalline egg albumin to purified suspensions of virus was found to increase greatly the amount of irradiation required to inactivate the virus. Furthermore the percentage destruction of virus by a given amount of irradiation increases as the concentration is decreased by dilution with saline or buffer solutions. As little as 3,000 r will inactivate much of the virus in very dilute suspensions. The complement-binding antigen of papilloma virus suspensions is also inactivated by x-rays, but requires a somewhat larger amount of irradiation than necessary to destroy the infectivity of the suspensions. The effects of irradiation on the antiviral antibody present in the blood of animals which have become immune to the virus-an antibody that specifically fixes complement in mixture with the papilloma virus-are also conditioned by extraneous material. 250,000 to 500,000 r had only a slight effect on the antibody in whole serum, while this amount of irradiation completely inactivated comparable amounts of antibody in preparations partially purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. As a whole the findings indicate that under certain conditions of purity and concentration most of the radiation does not act by direct hits on virus or antibody particles, but indirectly by ionizing or exciting some other molecules present in the exposed suspension, which then react with the virus or antibody molecules.
(17) and (18) Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma
Authors: D.M. Williamson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (17) and (18) Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma Get access D.M. Williamson D.M. Williamson Pontefract General Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Page 65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12058.x Published: 01 June 1987
Immunological Outcomes of New Tuberculosis Vaccine Trials: WHO Panel Recommendations
Authors: Willem A Hanekom, Hazel M Dockrell, Tom H. M Ottenhoff, T. Mark Doherty, Helen Fletcher, Helen McShane, Frank F Weichold, Dan F Hoft, Shreemanta K Parida, Uli J Fruth
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

different candidates would be an important asset.Research sponsored three meetings of experts to discuss assay harmonization for new tuberculosis vaccine trials.assay approaches and make specific recommendations for phase I/IIa trials.These include introducing a single and simple harmonised assay for all trials.
Lobar infiltration by squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: C R Hind
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Lobar consolidation without collapse is caused by infection distal to bronchial obstruction in the vast majcrity of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.'In this report the histological and radiological behaviour of a squamous cell carcinoma closely resembl-ed that of an alveolar cell carcinoma. Case reportA 74-year-old retired bricklayer had been followed
Physician-Assisted Death
Authors: Robert M. Veatch
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This annual review of biomedical ethics is supposed to focus on physician-assisted  although of the six essays, only those of Miller and Fletcher and of Thomasma do, and only Thomasma's really considers the ethical uniqueness of involving physicians.  Diane Meier's opening chapter provides a substantial review of the literature, but only, it turns out, of the survey literature, not of the philosophical, legal, ethical, or theological. Meier does as good a job as she can while pointing out that this literature poses enormous problems. Often response rates are low, sampling methods unclear, anonymity protection inadequate, and wording poor. Often, for instance, questions use ambiguous terms such as assistance in dying, right to end life, hastening death, and bringing about death. Each might be interpreted to refer to active intervention to cause death—an illegal act condemned by many professional, ethical, and religious groups including the AMA and the Catholic Church—but
Frequent Attenders in Primary Care: Impact of Medical, Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Diagnoses
Authors: S. Ferrari, G.M. Galeazzi, A. Mackinnon, M. Rigatelli
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

Anxiety, mild depression and somatization are common in primary care (PC). Several studies have suggested that they may play a role in causing an excessive use of health care services, especially when combined with medical morbidity. The present case-control study explored how psychiatric and psychosomatic diagnoses and perceived quality of life are associated with the phenomenon of frequent attendance.Fifty most frequent attenders (FAs) in a 1-year period at a PC clinic in Italy were compared with 50 randomly selected average frequency attenders at the same clinic. Sociodemographic and medical data were collected from PC files. The SCID-brief version for research and the Structured Interview for Diagnostic Criteria for Use in Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) were administered to both patient groups. Quality of life was also assessed.FA status was associated with being female, older, less well educated, and living with their spouses and/or children. Medical-psychiatric comorbidity was more frequent in the FA group than in the control group. The median number of psychosomatic-DCPR syndromes per patient was 4 among FAs compared to only 1 in controls. Functional somatic symptoms secondary to a psychiatric disorder, type A behavior, irritable mood, and demoralization were significantly associated with being an FA. Perceived quality of life was significantly lower among FAs, although this was no longer significant after adjusting for sociodemographic variables.The present study confirms the association between medical-psychiatric comorbidity and frequent utilization of PC resources. It suggests a role for DCPR criteria in revealing subthreshold psychiatric comorbidity predicting a pattern of frequent attendance.
Pru p 3 as a marker for symptom severity for patients with peach allergy in a birch pollen environment
Authors: Sonja Gaier, Christina Oberhuber, Wolfgang Hemmer, Christian Radauer, Neil M. Rigby, Justin T. Marsh, Clare E.N. Mills, Peter R. Shewry, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)