tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperinsulinemia and the Development of ST-T Electrocardiographic Abnormalities: An 11-year follow-up study
Authors: Hisashi Adachi, Ryuichi Hashimoto, Makoto Tsuruta, David R Jacobs, Richard S Crow, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that insulin resistance and consequent hyperinsulinemia promote atherosclerosis, but few prospective studies have reported the relationships between hyperinsulinemia and the development of ST-T abnormalities in the 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (ECG) in populations in which atherosclerosis is rare. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 304 Japanese men and women, aged 20–69 years, selected for having high blood glucose or more than a trace-positive urine glucose from a population-based health examination in 1981, were followed for 11 years. Of these, 33 died, 1 from myocardial infarction, while 260/271 living were reexamined in 1992. The 237 subjects with a normal ECG at the baseline examination were analyzed. RESULTS Incident ST-T abnormalities occurred in 13/237 people. Insulin concentrations were positively associated with the development of ST-T abnormalities (relative risk approximately 8, comparing those in the highest versus lowest quartile of insulin values). Adjustment for age, sex, and systolic blood pressure or other risk factors had little effect on this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia was related to the development of ST-T abnormalities in ECGs in the absence of the development of clinical signs of atherosclerosis, independent of blood pressure and other risk factors in men and women with mild glucose intolerance.
Efficacy and tolerability of anti‐immunoglobulin E therapy with omalizumab in patients with poorly controlled (moderate‐to‐severe) allergic asthma
Authors: J. G. Ayres, B. Higgins, E. R. Chilvers, G. Ayre, M. Blogg, H. Fox
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Patients with poorly controlled asthma have greater morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of omalizumab in patients with poorly controlled, moderate‐to‐severe allergic asthma. Methods: This was a randomized, open‐label, multicentre, parallel‐group study. A total of 312 patients (12–73 years) receiving ≥400 μ g/day (adolescent) or ≥800 μ g/day (adult) inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate, or equivalent were included. Patients received best standard care (BSC) with or without omalizumab [at least 0.016 mg/kg/IgE (IU/ml) every 4 weeks] for 12 months. Results: The annualized mean number of asthma deterioration‐related incidents was reduced from 9.76 with BSC alone ( n = 106) to 4.92 per patient‐year with omalizumab ( n = 206) ( P &lt; 0.001). Mean clinically significant asthma exacerbation rates were 2.86 and 1.12 per patient‐year, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). Omalizumab‐treated patients (41.4%) required rescue medication &lt;1 day/week compared with 20.7% for BSC alone ( P &lt; 0.001). Omalizumab improved absolute forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) compared with BSC alone (2.48 and 2.28l, respectively; P &lt; 0.05) and reduced symptom scores relative to BSC alone (decrease of 6.5 and 0.7 respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Omalizumab was well‐tolerated. Conclusions: Omalizumab administered as add‐on therapy to BSC benefits patients with poorly controlled, moderate‐to‐severe allergic asthma.
The Cell Periphery
Authors: L. Weiss, E. Mayhew
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE interactions of cells with their environment, which may include other cells, are thought to a greater or lesser degree to involve the cell periphery. By the term periphery, we mean the three-dimensional, dynamic zone surrounding cells. We prefer to confine the use of the term cell surface to a two-dimensional planar structure such as the electrokinetic surface, and the term membrane to the part of the cell periphery involved in osmotic regulation. In tissues the limits of the cell periphery are ill defined in the sense that functionally it is not possible to delineate where the cell ends and . . .
Vitamin A and Retinoids in Health and Disease
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, DeWitt S. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

NIGHT blindness was recognized as a disease entity in ancient Egypt. Moreover, literature dating from ancient times to the early 20th century contains comments that appear to indicate recognition of the existence of a dietary substance necessary for night vision. In 1913 McCollum and Davis1 reported that an essential lipid-soluble substance in certain foods promoted growth in rats. They later called this substance "Fat Soluble A," to distinguish it from essential water-soluble nutrients ("Water Soluble B"). Further studies by a number of investigators showed that "Fat Soluble A" (later named vitamin A) not only maintained growth but was capable of . . .
Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Clinicians and policymakers are recognizing the importance of measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) to inform patient management and policy decisions. Self- or interviewer-administered questionnaires can be used to measure cross-sectional differences in quality of life between patients at a point in time (discriminative instruments) or longitudinal changes in HRQL within patients during a period of time (evaluative instruments). Both discriminative and evaluative instruments must be valid (really measuring what they are supposed to measure) and have a high ratio of signal to noise (reliability and responsiveness, respectively). Reliable discriminative instruments are able to reproducibly differentiate between persons. Responsive evaluative measures are able to detect important changes in HRQL during a period of time, even if those changes are small. Health-related quality of life measures should also be interpretablethat is, clinicians and policymakers must be able to identify differences in scores that correspond to trivial, small, moderate, and large differences. Two basic approaches to quality-of-life measurement are available: generic instruments that provide a summary of HRQL; and specific instruments that focus on problems associated with single disease states, patient groups, or areas of function. Generic instruments include health profiles and instruments that generate health utilities. The approaches are not mutually exclusive. Each approach has its strengths and weaknesses and may be suitable for different circumstances. Investigations in HRQL have led to instruments suitable for detecting minimally important effects in clinical trials, for measuring the health of populations, and for providing information for policy decisions.
William John Christopher Pearson
Authors: F. Scott
Journal: BMJ (2011)

William John Christopher Pearson (“Kit”) grew up in Castletownbere, on the wildly beautiful western coast of County Cork. During the second world war Kit served in the Royal Artillery and met his wife-to-be, WAAF officer Vivienne (“Bunny”) White from Kiltegan, County Wicklow.

Theirs was an outstandingly happy, lifelong marriage. In 1946 Felicity was born and Kit entered Trinity College Dublin Medical School. Christopher …
Renal Tumours and Hypertension
Authors: J. A. Snowdon
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<b>Background:</b> Bayingnormen is a region located in western Inner Mongolia China with a population that is exposed to a wide range of drinking water Arsenic concentrations. This study evaluated the relationship between maternal drinking water arsenic exposure and perinatal endpoints (term birthweight, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal death) in this region. <b>Methods:</b> An analysis was conducted of all singleton deliveries in a defined geographic area of Inner Mongolia from December 1996 to December 1999 (n = 9,890). Outcome and covariate data were abstracted from prenatal care records. Exposure was based on well-water measures for the maternal subvillage. Mean birthweight at term was compared across four arsenic categories using analysis of covariance. Odds ratios (ORs) for stillbirth, preterm birth, and neonatal death were estimated by logistic regression with arsenic exposure dichotomised at 50 µg/L. <b>Main results:</b> Term birthweight was 0.05 kg higher (95% CI 0.02 to 0.08) in the highest exposure category (&gt;100 µg/L) compared to the referent (below limit of detection to 20 µg/L). Arsenic &gt;50 µg/L was associated with an increased risk of neonatal death (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.59). No relationship was found between maternal arsenic exposure and preterm or stillbirth delivery. <b>Conclusions:</b> At the levels observed in our study, arsenic does not appear to contribute to adverse birth outcomes. Exposure may play a role in neonatal death, but the neonatal death rate in this population was low and this potential association merits further research.
Inaugural Address on the Mental and Nervous Element in Disease: Delivered before the Royal Medical Society, Edinburgh, Session 1895-1896
Authors: T. S. Clouston
Journal: BMJ (1896)

Towell-constituted minds it has a satisfying stimulating effect to get hold of a principle."study of medicine consists-necessarily consists, present stage-to so great an extent of the storing up in the memory of vast numbers facts, that one of the greatest services any teachler student is to impress on his mind leading shall henceforth become a part of his mental rails along which his mind will necessarily problems have to be solved to which those plicable.They thus become what a great law pliysicist, both a suggestion and a test.The physician's ciples suggest explanations of facts that related, and enable him to apply tests to show that appear to be related are so in reality.I would desire this evening to lay down principle that is, I thinik, niot sufficiently, often all, considered in practical medicine and founded on a physiological basis, and it highest practical importance.The principle is the and especially the mental cortex, has such economy that it has to be reckoned with factor for good or evil in all diseases of in operations and in all injuries.Physiologically the great regulator of all functions, the troller of every organ, and the ultimate every organic disturbance.We all know and every function are represented in the cortex, represented that they all may be brought relationship and harmony with each other, so may be converted into a vital unity through mind are the two factors of that organic unity a real animal organism.The mental cortex is apex of the evolutionary pyramid, whose composed of the swarming myriads of bacilli and other germs which we now see to be almost Nature.It seems as if it had been the all evolution from the beginning.In it and function find their organic end.structure-so far as we yet know this-it organs in complexity.When we fully know each neuron, with its hundreds of fibres dendrites, and the relation of one neuron we can demonstrate the cortical apparatus intercommunication of nervous energy, solidarity, its partial localisation, and its wondrous ments for mind, motion, sensibility, nutrition, drainage-whenwe fully know all this, there question of the dominance, of the brain cortex hierarchy, nor of its supreme importance If some people want to imply that a patient's unimportant they call them nervous; " if them as unworthy of considerationi altogether them "mental;" and if they want to brand
Drug-Induced Dilutional Hyponatremia
Authors: Arnold M. Moses, Myron Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

IN recent years, several pharmacologic agents have been shown to have water-retaining properties. At first, the antidiuretic actions were used to advantage in the treatment of patients with diabetes insipidus. However, more recently there have been numerous reports of serious water retention and dilutional hyponatremia as a consequence of the water-retaining drugs. This report has been prepared to summarize the drugs and the problems that they have produced and to alert the medical profession to the problems.Pathophysiology of Water RetentionThe maintenance of water balance in man results from the interaction of factors controlling water intake and water loss. . . .
Sunitinib Mediates Reversal of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Accumulation in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Jennifer S. Ko, Arnold H. Zea, Brian I. Rini, Joanna L. Ireland, Paul Elson, Peter Cohen, Ali Golshayan, Patricia A. Rayman, Laura Wood, Jorge Garcia, Robert Dreicer, Ronald Bukowski, James H. Finke
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Immune dysfunction reported in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients may contribute to tumor progression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent one mechanism by which tumors induce T-cell suppression. Several factors pivotal to the accumulation of MDSC are targeted by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib. The effect of sunitinib on MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in RCC patients has been investigated.Patient peripheral blood levels of MDSC and regulatory T-cell (Treg) and T-cell production of IFN-gamma were evaluated before and after sunitinib treatment. Correlations between MDSC and Treg normalization as well as T-cell production of IFN-gamma were examined. The in vitro effect of sunitinib on patient MDSC was evaluated.Metastatic RCC patients had elevated levels of CD33(+)HLA-DR(-) and CD15(+)CD14(-) MDSC, and these were partially overlapping populations. Treatment with sunitinib resulted in significant reduction in MDSC measured by several criteria. Sunitinib-mediated reduction in MDSC was correlated with reversal of type 1 T-cell suppression, an effect that could be reproduced by the depletion of MDSC in vitro. MDSC reduction in response to sunitinib correlated with a reversal of CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Treg cell elevation. No correlation existed between a change in tumor burden and a change in MDSC, Treg, or T-cell production of IFN-gamma. In vitro addition of sunitinib reduced MDSC viability and suppressive effect when used at >/=1.0 microg/mL. Sunitinib did not induce MDSC maturation in vitro.Sunitinib-based therapy has the potential to modulate antitumor immunity by reversing MDSC-mediated tumor-induced immunosuppression.
(40) Flexural hyperpigmentation
Authors: H.A. Jenkinson, J.M. Beare
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (40) Flexural hyperpigmentation Get access H.A. Jenkinson, H.A. Jenkinson Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Beare J.M. Beare Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 86–88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05310.x Published: 01 July 1984
Etv2/ER71 induces vascular mesoderm from Flk1+PDGFRα+ primitive mesoderm
Authors: Hiroshi Kataoka, Misato Hayashi, Reiko Nakagawa, Yosuke Tanaka, Naoki Izumi, Satomi Nishikawa, Martin Lars Jakt, Hiroshi Tarui, Shin-Ichi Nishikawa
Journal: Blood (2011)
Hepatic sublobular synthesis of urea: Control by oxygen or by pH gradient?
Authors: Dieter Haüssinger
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

1 Rates of urea synthesis were determined in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule in perfused liver from fed, phenobarbital-treated rats by measuring the extra O2 consumed upon infusion of NH4Cl with miniature O2 electrodes and from decreases in NADPH fluorescence detected with micro-light-guides. 2 Urea synthesis by the perfused rat liver supplemented with lactate (5 mM), ornithine (2 mM) and methionine sulfoximine (0.15 mM), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, was stimulated by stepwise infusion of NH4Cl at doses ranging from 0.24 mM to 3.0 mM. A good correlation (r = 0.92) between decreases in NADPH fluorescence and urea production was observed when the NH4Cl concentration was increased. 3 Sublobular rates of O2 uptake were determined by placing miniature O2 electrodes on periportal or pericentral regions of the lobule on the liver surface, stopping the flow and measuring decreases in oxygen tension. From such measurements local rates of O2 uptake were calculated in the presence and absence of NH4Cl and local rates of urea synthesis were calculated from the extra O2 consumed in the presence of NH4Cl and the stoichiometry between O2 uptake and urea formation. Rates of urea synthesis were also estimated from the fractional decrease in NADPH fluorescence, caused by NH4CI infusion in each region, measured with micro-light-guides and the rate of urea synthesis by the whole organ. 4 When perfusion was in the anterograde direction, maximal rates of urea synthesis, calculated from changes in fluorescence, were 177 ± 31 μmol g−1 h−1 and 61 ± 24 μmolg−1 h−1 in periportal and pericentral regions, respectively. When perfusion was in the retrograde direction, however, rates were 76 ±23 μmol g−1 h−1 inn periportal areas and 152 ±19 μmol g−1 h−1 inn pericentral regions. 5 During perfusion in the anterograde direction, urea synthesis, calculated by changes in O2 uptake, was 307 ± 76 μmol g−1 h−1 and 72 ±34 μmol g−1 h−1 inn periportal and pericentral regions, respectively. When perfusion was in the retrograde direction, urea was synthesized at rates of 54 ± 17 μmol g−1 h−1 and 387 ± 99 μmol g−1 h−1 in periportal and pericentral regions, respectively. Thous, maximal rates of urea synthesis were dependent upon the direction of perfusion. In addition, rates of urea synthesis were elevated dramatically in periportal regions when the flow rate per gram liver was increased (e.g., 307 versus 177 μmol g−1 h−1). 6 These results demonstrate that periportal regions of the liver lobule have a greater maximal capacity to synthesize urea when flow is in the physiological anterograde direction. In contrast, the primary site of urea synthesis can be shifted rapidly to pericentral regions when the direction of flow is reversed. Thus, maximal rates of urea synthesis in the perfused liver are observed in regions of the liver lobule with the highest O2 tensions.
Contraction-Induced Cell Wounding and Release of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Heart
Authors: Mark S. F. Clarke, Robert W. Caldwell, Hsi Chiao, Katsuya Miyake, Paul L. McNeil
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract The heart hypertrophies in response to certain forms of increased mechanical load, but it is not understood how, at the molecular level, the mechanical stimulus of increased load is transduced into a cell growth response. One possibility is that mechanical stress provokes the release of myocyte-derived autocrine growth factors. Two such candidate growth factors, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF and bFGF, respectively), are released via mechanically induced disruptions of the cell plasma membrane. In the present study, we demonstrate that transient, survivable disruption (wounding) of the cardiac myocyte plasma membrane is a constitutive event in vivo. Frozen sections of normal rat heart were immunostained to reveal the distribution of the wound event marker, serum albumin. Quantitative image analysis of these sections indicated that an average of 25% of the myocytes contained cytosolic serum albumin; ie, this proportion had suffered a plasma membrane wound. Wounding frequency increased approximately threefold after β-adrenergic stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction. Heparin-Sepharose chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, growth assay coupled with antibody neutralization, and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting were used to demonstrate that both aFGF and bFGF were released from an ex vivo beating rat heart. Importantly, β-adrenergic stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction increased FGF release. Cell wounding is a fundamental but previously unrecognized aspect of the biology of the cardiac myocyte. We propose that contraction-induced cardiac myocyte wounding releases aFGF and bFGF, which then may act as autocrine growth-promoting stimuli.
Congenital Dilatation of Pulmonary Artery
Authors: H. L. Heimann, M. M. Posel
Journal: BMJ (1943)

According to Bedford, Paff, and Parkinson (1941) congenital dilatation of the pulmonary artery is a rarity, while septal defect is the commonest congenital malformation of the heart.Those authors stress the great dilatation of the pulmonary artery and its branches that accompanies atrial septal defect, and, while attempting to differentiate between these two conditions, confess that differential diagnosis may be impossible.Other authors, notably Assmann (1928), describe this congenital dilatation as a primary condition due to asymmetrical divisions of the truncus arteriosus communis.Jennes (1936) points out that dilatation of the pulmonary artery is as rare as dilatation of the aorta is common.In a
Ian Robert Verner
Authors: Wynne Aveling, Judith Hulf
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant anaesthetist London (b 1927; q Edinburgh 1949; DA, FRCA), died from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on 12 June 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




After training, which included a year at Harvard, Ian Verner was appointed to St Mark's Hospital, London, then the Middlesex, and later to St Bartholomew's Hospital. In the heyday of hypotensive anaesthesia he was one of the doyens, being particularly skilled in the use of nitroprusside. He was for a time undergraduate sub dean at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School. He continued in private practice at King Edward VII Hospital for Officers until the age of 70. In his late 50s he learnt to fly. He leaves a wife, Josephine; a daughter; and two grandchildren.
Determination of acid surface pH in vivo in rat proximal jejunum.
Authors: M Lucas
Journal: Gut (1983)

Surface pH of rat intestine was measured in vivo in exteriorised loops using pH-electrodes. Surface pH was approximately 6.1 in Krebs-phosphate buffer in proximal jejunum and was significantly more acid (p less than 0.01) than the bulk medium pH of 7.2. Values for the midgut were approximately 6.5, yet the distal ileum gave values of 7.3, which was marginally more alkaline than the buffer. These results agree with the known acidification phenomenon in the jejunum and the alkalinisation process in the ileum. No difference in surface pH was detected when bicarbonate buffer was used, nor when glucose was included in the buffer. The acid surface pH was almost completely inhibited when jejunal loops were made anoxic by completely occluding the blood supply, showing that the low surface pH is not itself a consequence of preparative anoxia. If glucose was included in the buffer, allowing glucose access from the luminal surface, surface pH was not significantly altered after occlusion. This indicates that previously reported in vitro results in the presence of glucose are similar to the present in vivo findings. The present experiments confirm the existence in vivo of the 9acid-microclimate9 proposed to alter the absorption profiles of some dissociable drugs.
Cimetidine and protective effect of mucus in gastric ulcer.
Authors: M Guslandi, A Tittobello, A Evangelista, E Fesce, M Cambielli
Journal: BMJ (1978)

ultrasonography is non-invasive, safe, and reasonably cheap.The results can be very accurate.In a recent prospective study of 124 patients' there were no false-normal reports.Ultrasound correctly identified all 33 patients with chronic pancreatic disease and correctly classified them as suffering from cancer or pancreatitis.There were four false-positive reports.No doubt the results of ultrasonograpny and isotope scanning are both subject to the individual operator's expertise and experience.The crucial question for any promising diagnostic method is whether or not it is "exportable"-whether the same results can be obtained in less committed hands.The answer for isotope scanning is already clear; for ultra- sonography we must wait a little longer.