tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Lymphocytes in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Authors: Samuel N. Breit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 November 1993Quantifying Lymphocytes in Bronchoalveolar Lavage FluidSamuel N. Breit, MDSamuel N. Breit, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Both letters comment on the apparently high percentage of lymphocytes in the preradiotherapy group [1]. These lymphocyte percentages are due to important methodologic variables and not to another underlying abnormality. In our study, the pre-radiotherapy total cell number (22.4 18.9 million) and proportion of lymphocytes (34.5% 13.4%) before radiotherapy did not differ significantly from the values for normal persons (34.7 19 million and 29.1% 12.9%, respectively) [2], which we have determined in other studies [2, 3].These letters do highlight an important common misconception about lymphocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage samples that is based on data from the ...References1. Roberts CM, Foulcher E, Zaunders JJ, Bryant DH, Freund J, Cairns D, et al. Radiation pneumonitis: a possible lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:696-700. Google Scholar2. Cairns D, Shelley L, Burke WM, Bryant DH, Yeates M, Morgan GW, et al. Interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue diseases: the use of statistical structure analysis in model development. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991; 143:1235-40. Google Scholar3. Cairns D, Shelley L, Burke W, Bryant DH, Yeates M, Penny R, et al. The differing patterns of interstitial lung involvement in connective tissue diseases. J Rheumatol. 1992; 19:1089-95. Google Scholar4. Saltini C, Hance AJ, Ferrans VJ, Basset F, Bitterman PB, Crystal RG. Accurate quantification of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984; 130:305-6. Google Scholar5. Merchant RK, Schwartz DA, Helmers RA, Dayton CS, Hunninghake GW. Bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity. The Distribution in Normal Volunteers. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992; 146:448-53. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10Page: 1050-1051KeywordsBronchoalveolar lavageEosinophilsLymphocytesMacrophagesNeutrophils Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Retrospective Comparison of Triple-sequence Therapies in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jonas Busch, Christoph Seidel, Barbara Erber, Ahi Sema Issever, Stefan Hinz, Carsten Kempkensteffen, Ahmed Magheli, Kurt Miller, Viktor Grünwald, Steffen Weikert
Journal: European Urology (2012)
The Kveim Test in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Louis E. Siltzbach
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In a series of 750 patients, 311 of whom were eventually found to have sarcoidosis, the intracutaneous Kveim test proved to be an important aid in the early and accurate diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The sarcoidal tissue, preferably spleen, is obtained aseptically; the suspension is heattreated and preserved with phenol. With validated sarcoidal tissue suspensions, positive microscopic reactions consisting of granuloma formation at the injection site after 4 to 6 weeks were observed in 84% of patients with biopsy-confirmed sarcoidosis. Two patients among a group of 303 patients with diseases other than sarcoidosis showed false-positive reactions. The widespread application of the Kveim test has been hampered by inadequate supplies of properly screened Kveim suspensions and by the need for acquiring some experience in the microscopic reading of the biopsied test-site.
Immunologic Tolerance to Intravenously Injected Insulin
Authors: Masato Asai, Masanori Yoshida, Yoshitaka Miura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: Rosalyn Yalow, the inventor of radioimmunoassay, found that insulin treatments led to the production of antibodies against insulin.1 Initially, this phenomenon was thought to be due ...
Old theories and old men
Authors: Jeremy Hugh Baron
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Old theories and old men who cling to them must take themselves out of the way, or the new generation with its fresh thoughts and altered habits of mind come forward to take the place of that which is dying out.

Oliver Wendell Holmes. Medical essays 1842-1882. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1883:430
Predictors of peptic ulcer rebleeding after scheduled second endoscopy: clinical or endoscopic factors?
Authors: P. Chiu, H. Joeng, C. Choi, K. Kwong, E. Ng, S. Lam
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

In a previous study we demonstrated the efficacy of second-look endoscopy with therapy within 16 - 24 hours after index endoscopy in reducing major recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding. In this study, we sought to identify factors that might predict further rebleeding after this scheduled second-look endoscopy.We studied 249 patients (181 men, 68 women) with acute bleeding peptic ulcers who were treated at the United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong from 1999 to 2002 and who underwent a scheduled second endoscopy. Those patients who developed rebleeding after the second endoscopy were evaluated, and possible predictive factors for rebleeding were analyzed using a logistic regression model.Of the 249 patients who underwent scheduled second-look endoscopy, 17 patients (6.8 %) developed rebleeding: seven of these patients were treated by another endoscopic therapy; ten patients required surgery. The overall mortality rate was 3.1 %. A logistic regression analysis performed on the possible predictive factors for rebleeding found that the following factors were associated with a significant risk of further rebleeding after scheduled second endoscopy: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade III or grade IV status (odds ratio 3.81, 95 % CI 1.27 - 11.44), ulcer size greater than 1.0 cm (odds ratio 4.69, 95 % CI 1.60 - 13.80), and a finding of persistent stigmata of recent hemorrhage at the scheduled second endoscopy (odds ratio 6.65, 95 % CI 2.11 - 20.98).Endoscopic factors, including large ulcer size and the persistence of endoscopic stigmata of recent hemorrhage are important predictors for recurrent bleeding after scheduled second endoscopy.
Pericardiectomy for Acute Constrictive Staphylococcal Pericarditis
Authors: George I. Thomas, Basil J. Gregores, David M. Perry, Wyman Andrus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE majority of patients with acute pericarditis from any one of a variety of causes recover without the development of constrictive pericarditis.1 However, depending on the type and severity of the acute pericarditis, the response to initial therapy and subsequent bouts of recurrent pericarditis, chronic constrictive pericarditis requiring surgical intervention may occur months to years later. These general remarks are applicable to cases of true idiopathic or nonspecific pericarditis, acute viral pericarditis, posttraumatic pericarditis with or without effusion or hemopericardium and acute tuberculous pericarditis.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Acute suppurative or purulent pericarditis may behave differently.9 , 10 Often during the acute and active exudative phases, . . .
Glomerulopathy Associated With Filarial Loiasis
Authors: Veerasamy K. G. Pillay
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Glomerulonephritis is commonly associated with the formation in the plasma of antigen antibody complexes, which when trapped on the glomerular capillary membrane, initiate an inflammatory response. It is likely that the number of antigens with the potential for this series of events is extremely large, although the number of antigens identified is still small. Parasitic diseases, such as malaria 1 and schistosomiasis, 2 may cause complex glomerulonephritis. Though not widely appreciated the filarial disease, loiasis, is also associated with glomerular disease. An example is presented here.  Report of a Case.—  A 25-year-old Nigerian student arrived in the United States in 1969, in good health. In January 1972 he developed mumps. In July 1972 he noted polyuria and nocturia and was found to have proteinuria and urinary infection. The symptoms cleared after treatment with phenazopyridine hydrochloride. In August 1972 he developed itching in the left eye and was
Synthesis of TNFα and TGFβ mRNA in the different micro-environments within atheromatous plaques
Authors: N RAYMENT, E MOSS, L FAULKNER, P BRICKELL, M DAVIES, N WOOLF, D KATZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

To examine localisation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) mRNA synthesis in human coronary artery atheromatous plaques, to explore how synthesis of these cytokines relates to distribution of macrophages and smooth muscle cells, and to correlate this with plaque micro-environments.In situ hybridisation with digoxigenin-labelled sense and anti-sense riboprobes was used, combined with immunohistochemistry to detect TNF alpha protein, macrophage, lymphocyte and smooth muscle cell markers.In the intimal plaque TNF alpha mRNA is synthesised by monocytes/macrophages as well as by smooth muscle cells. Both TNF alpha and TGF beta mRNAs were present at the margins of the lesions and in reactive areas, where there was little lipid and fibrosis. Focal aggregates of macrophages in the adventitia expressed both TNF alpha mRNA and protein and TGF beta mRNA.Synthesis of these two cytokines by macrophages as well as smooth muscle cells contributes to the pathobiology of the plaque and that this is part of the 'reaction to injury', rather than a feature of a specific cell, or a specific layer, within the vessel wall.
Principles of Health Care Ethics
Authors: Carl Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ABSTRACT The first thing to know about this book is that it is enormous: 1118 pages, 90 chapters, 100 contributors, 5.4 lbs. The second thing to know is that it is enormously expensive. A price tag of $295 will probably keep most people from buying it, with the possible exception of reference librarians and holders of large grants. The third thing to know is that it is a very peculiar book indeed—not quite a textbook, not quite an encyclopedia, not quite even a companion to medical ethics, yet something close to all three.Raanan Gillon, the chief editor of the book (and also the editor of The Journal of Medical Ethics, based in London, England) writes in his introduction that the aims behind the volume are twofold. First, it attempts to introduce issues in health care ethics to English-speaking readers in a way that is more multidisciplinary and international than previous
A NEW METHOD FOR ANCHORING THE KIDNEY.Read before the Columbus (Ohio) Academy of Medicine, Nov. 19, 1894.
Authors: R. HARVEY REED
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Since Hahn, in 1881 anchored the kidney, operations for this purpose have gradually grown in favor until at the present time there are few surgeons who do not recognize it as a justifiable procedure. Prior to that time, in cases where a floating or movable kidney required operative interference, surgeons only considered the question of nephrectomy—a most formidable and dangerous operation without the protection of asepsis or antisepsis. ANATOMIC MEMORANDA. In anchoring the kidney, there are a few anatomic landmarks it is always well to keep clearly in mind and especially so in performing the operation which we are about to describe. Clinical experience teaches us that movable and floating kidneys occur more frequently on the right side than on the left. In this connection it is well to remember that the right kidney, when in its normal position is usually located a little lower than its fellow and, on
A “Twist box” Code of p53 Inactivation: Twist box:p53 Interaction Promotes p53 Degradation
Authors: Sara Piccinin, Elena Tonin, Sara Sessa, Silvia Demontis, Sabrina Rossi, Lorenza Pecciarini, Lucia Zanatta, Flavia Pivetta, Alessandra Grizzo, Maura Sonego, Camillo Rosano, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Claudio Doglioni, Roberta Maestro
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channel Modulation by Recombinant Auxiliary β Subunits Expressed in Young Adult Heart Cells
Authors: Shao-kui Wei, Henry M. Colecraft, Carla D. DeMaria, Blaise Z. Peterson, Rui Zhang, Trudy A. Kohout, Terry B. Rogers, David T. Yue
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —L-type Ca 2+ channels contribute importantly to the normal excitation-contraction coupling of physiological hearts, and to the functional derangement seen in heart failure. Although Ca 2+ channel auxiliary β 1–4 subunits are among the strongest modulators of channel properties, little is known about their role in regulating channel behavior in actual heart cells. Current understanding draws almost exclusively from heterologous expression of recombinant subunits in model systems, which may differ from cardiocytes. To study β-subunit effects in the cardiac setting, we here used an adenoviral-component gene-delivery strategy to express recombinant β subunits in young adult ventricular myocytes cultured from 4- to 6-week-old rats. The main results were the following. (1) A component system of replication-deficient adenovirus, poly- l -lysine, and expression plasmids encoding β subunits could be optimized to transfect young adult myocytes with 1% to 10% efficiency. (2) A reporter gene strategy based on green fluorescent protein (GFP) could be used to identify successfully transfected cells. Because fusion of GFP to β subunits altered intrinsic β-subunit properties, we favored the use of a bicistronic expression plasmid encoding both GFP and a β subunit. (3) Despite the heteromultimeric composition of L-type channels (composed of α 1C , β, and α 2 δ), expression of recombinant β subunits alone enhanced Ca 2+ channel current density up to 3- to 4-fold, which argues that β subunits are “rate limiting” for expression of current in heart. (4) Overexpression of the putative “cardiac” β 2a subunit more than halved the rate of voltage-dependent inactivation at +10 mV. This result demonstrates that β subunits can tune inactivation in the myocardium and suggests that other β subunits may be functionally dominant in the heart. Overall, this study points to the possible therapeutic potential of β subunits to ameliorate contractile dysfunction and excitability in heart failure.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE PRECIPITIN REACTION
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Forrest E. Kendall, Check M. Soo Hoo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

1. The preparation is described of a deep red protein dye, R-salt-azo-benzidine-azo-crystalline egg albumen, which contains no more than traces of protein with the original egg albumen specificity. 2. Based on previous publications of the writers, a quantitative method is given for the micro estimation of precipitin in the antisera to the dye. The method gives the actual weight of precipitin and may be applied to the determination of the maximum amount of precipitable antibody in any antiserum. 3. Data are given (1) on the influence of the period between the final injection and the bleeding on the precipitin content of rabbit antisera to the azo protein; (2) on the magnitude of the antibody response following the injection of multiple doses of the antigen varying within wide limits; (3) on the variations in the precipitin content of the sera of rabbits given successive courses of antigen injections; and (4) on the stability of antisera stored in the cold. 4. Four antisera were obtained in which over 100 times as much precipitin was recovered as the amount of antigen injected. This supplements the growing mass of evidence against the theory that specific antigen fragments are actually incorporated into the antibody molecule.
A NEW PROSTATIC TRACTOR.
Authors: M. R. BARKER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The tractor is introduced closed into the bladder, through a slit in the membranous urethra, and is then opened by turning the thumb-screw five or six times to the left. Then slide the large nut back to the thumbscrew, and hold it with the right hand while the shaft is turned to the left with the left hand until the groove on the nut is in line with the groove on the shaft. Then slide the large nut back to its place and lock by turning the thumbscrew to the right. The end of the tractor is now elevated and the instrument is used as a lever; the pubes being the fulcrum of the lever and the prostate the body moved. This maneuver brings the broad flat surfaces of the blades of the instrument in contact with the bladder wall through which the force must be applied to the prostate. The tractor is taken apart for cleaning by simply removing the thumbscrew.
Functional, Structural, and Emotional Correlates of Impaired Insight in Cocaine Addiction
Authors: Scott J. Moeller, Anna B. Konova, Muhammad A. Parvaz, Dardo Tomasi, Richard D. Lane, Carolyn Fort, Rita Z. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) have difficulty monitoring ongoing behavior, possibly stemming from dysfunction of brain regions mediating insight and self-awareness.To investigate the neural correlates of impaired insight in addiction using a combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry approach.This multimodal imaging study was performed at the Clinical Research Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The study included 33 CUD cases and 20 healthy controls.Functional magnetic resonance imaging, voxel-based morphometry, Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale, and drug use variables.Compared with the other 2 study groups, the impaired insight CUD group had lower error-induced rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) activity as associated with more frequent cocaine use, less gray matter within the rACC, and lower Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale scores.These results point to rACC functional and structural abnormalities and diminished emotional awareness in a subpopulation of CUD cases characterized by impaired insight. Because the rACC has been implicated in appraising the affective and motivational significance of errors and other types of self-referential processing, functional and structural abnormalities in this region could result in lessened concern (frequently ascribed to minimization and denial) about behavioral outcomes that could potentially culminate in increased drug use. Treatments that target this CUD subgroup could focus on enhancing the salience of errors (eg, lapses).
An assessment of the reproducibility and safety of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as a gastric acid stimulant in duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: A L Gough, N C Keddie
Journal: Gut (1975)

In studying the effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on the vagus nerve in preoperative patients with duodenal ulcer we have concluded that (1) in initiating gastric acid secretion 2-DG produces a response that is reproducible after 30 days; (2) 2-DG when given in a dose of 40 mg/kg intravenously produces a glucopenic state that appears safe in an otherwise healthy patient. We consider that 2-DG is a worthwhile agent in the investigation of the duodenal ulcer patient.
Mycoplasma and Epidemic Group A Meningococcal Meningitis-Reply
Authors: John C. Hierholzer
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply. —  As Drs Kenny and Foy point out, mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures is a common and insidious problem. We are confident that the M hominis isolated in our study came from the specimens and not the cell cultures due to the precautions taken to avoid and detect contamination. Ten uninoculated control cell cultures of each cell type were passaged in parallel with each batch of inoculated cultures; none of these controls became positive. As part of our quality assurance policies, each cell line is also tested monthly for mycoplasma at the Centers for Disease Control using an adenosine phosphorylase test (Mycotect, Gibco) and at the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md) using both direct culture on Hayflick's medium and a DNA fluorescent staining test. 1,2 All three tests were consistently negative throughout the study period. Furthermore, when study specimens were positive for mycoplasma, all four cell types
The importance of the effect of shear stress on endothelial cells in determining the performance of hemoglobin based oxygen carriers
Authors: Caroline Gaucher-Di Stasio, Estelle Paternotte, Christine Prin-Mathieu, Brandon J. Reeder, Gaël Poitevin, Pierre Labrude, Jean-François Stoltz, Chris E. Cooper, Patrick Menu
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Remediating Soil Lead with Fish Bones
Authors: Kris S. Freeman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Rotating Shift Work and Type 2 Diabetes in WomenIn a prospective study of more than 175,000 U.S. women, those who worked a rotating schedule that included 3 or more night shifts per month had a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than women who worked only days or only nights. 1 Women who worked rotating shifts were also more likely than other women to become obese during the 18-20 years of followup.The results suggest the increased risk of diabetes may be at least partly mediated through weight gain.
Quality-of-Care Assessment
Authors: JOE OUSLANDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1977Quality-of-Care AssessmentJOE OUSLANDER, M.D.JOE OUSLANDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-6-791_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recent medical literature abounds with new and more complex schemes for evaluating cost effectiveness and the quality of care we give our patients. The article "Quality-of-Care Assessment by Process and Outcome Scoring" by Rubenstein, Mates, and Sidel (Ann Intern Med 86:617-625, 1977) and the editorial by Freeman in the same issue (pp. 647-648) detail a very sophisticated and innovative approach to the assessment of patient care. I applaud their emphasis on assessment methods that "reinforce appropriate decision-making rather than unthinking adherence to a rigid checklist."The facts that the clinician must consider for effective decision-making, even for...References1. KUNIN C: Urinary tract infections. JAMA 233:458-462, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SANFORD J: Urinary tract symptoms and infections. J Urol 113:585-594, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FAIRLEY K, GROUNDS A, CARSON N, LAIRD E, GUTCH R, MCCALLUM P, LEIGHTON P, SLEEMAN R, and O'KEEFE C: Site of infection in acute urinary-tract infection in general practice. Lancet 2:615-618, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BRANCH W: Infections of the urinary tract. Med Times 105:92-107, 1977 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOE OUSLANDER, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1977Volume 87, Issue 6 Page: 791-792 Keywords Health care quality Patients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...