tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A multi-stage shuttle run as a predictor of running performance and maximal oxygen uptake in adults.
Authors: V J Paliczka, A K Nichols, C A Boreham
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a 20 metre multi-stage shuttle run (20-MST) as both a field test of cardiorespiratory endurance and as a predictor of competitive performance in a 10 kilometre (10 km) race. Nine male subjects (age 35.4 +/- 5.8 years) (mean +/- SD) underwent a laboratory test of maximum oxygen uptake on a treadmill (VO2 max 59.0 +/- 9.9 ml.kg.-1min-1), completed the 20-MST (score 105 +/- 23.7 laps/11.4 +/- 2.7 paliers) and competed in a 10 km race (finishing time 41.8 +/- 7.3 minutes). Analysis using Pearson's Product Moment Coefficient revealed high correlations between these variables (20-MST vs. VO2 max, r = 0.93; 20-MST vs. 10 km, r = -0.93; VO2 max vs. 10 km, r = -0.95). These results confirm that the 20-MST is a valid field test of cardio-respiratory endurance and suggest that it can additionally be used to predict relative running performance over 10 km.
Adrenaline-induced local sweating and vasoconstrictive responses in atopic skin
Authors: R. KIISTALA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Sweating and vasoconstrictive responses to intradermal injections of adrenaline were studied in the normal-looking back skin of young adult males with atopic dermatitis (AD) and in non-atopic controls using five concentrations of adrenaline, and further in a subgroup of subjects with dry-looking AD skin using two concentrations of adrenaline. The sweating responses were measured with an evaporimeter and the area of blanching determined with planimetry. The maximal sweating response in the AD group was elicited with the suprathreshold concentration of 5 x 10(-6) mol/l and in the non-atopic group with a 10-fold higher concentration. At the three higher concentrations the sweat rates levelled out in both groups and remained at a lower level in AD subjects. The sweating responses in dry-looking AD skin were lower than in non-atopics (P less than 0.001) and were also lower than in those with AD normal-looking skin (P less than 0.05) with both concentrations. In contrast to sweating, the vasoconstrictive reactions showed similar dose-dependent increases with all tested concentrations in AD patients with normal-looking skin and in the non-atopic controls. In patients with dry AD skin the vasoconstrictive responses were also similar to those in non-atopic controls.
Incidence and Determinants of Elevated Urinary Albumin Excretion in Pima Indians With NIDDM
Authors: Robert G Nelson, William C Knowler, David J Pettitt, Robert L Hanson, Peter H Bennett
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence and determinants of elevated urinary albumin excretion in Pima Indians with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The incidence of elevated urinary albumin excretion (≥30 mg albumin/g creatinine) and its relationship with baseline characteristics was determined in 456 Pima Indians ≥15 years old with NIDDM who were followed for up to 11.6 years (median 4.7 years). RESULTS Of these 456 subjects, 192 (42%; 58 men, 134 women) developed elevated urinary albumin excretion, 172 of whom (90%) were within the microalbu-minuric range (30–299 mg/g). The incidence of elevated urinary albumin excretion was related to retinopathy, type of diabetes treatment, longer duration of diabetes, lower body mass index, and higher values of mean arterial pressure, HbA1, and fasting and 2-h postload plasma glucose concentration at the baseline examination, but not to sex. A relationship with cholesterol was found in durations of diabetes of ≥10 years. The cumulative incidence of elevated albumin excretion was 17% after 5 years of NIDDM. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of elevated urinary albumin excretion in Pima Indians with NIDDM is at least as high as that reported previously in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and its major determinants are the same as those shown previously to predict the development of more advanced renal disease in this population.
Accident Proneness: Research in the Occurrence, Causation, and Prevention of Road Accidents
Authors: William K. Keller
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This book is divided into two sections, one of some 418 pages on accident proneness, and the second consisting of 31 pages of new statistical techniques for the evaluation of the concept of accident proneness. It certainly is not easy to read. The reviewer pleads an ignorance which would prohibit a valid criticism of the "new statistical techniques" and must therefore assume, in fairness, that these are what they propose to be. For the serious student of the causes of automobile crashes, there may be some value in the first section as a reference source. One can find a real lead to the development of the entire section in the heading of the first chapter "Accident Proneness—Fact and Fiction." So many sides of so many arguments are presented in such profusion that about the time one feels that a particular hypothesis has been logically developed, he then becomes immediately aligned
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and adult non-neoplastic respiratory diseases
Authors: J Tredaniel, P Boffetta, R Saracci, A Hirsch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is widespread in European countries, the most serious exposures occurring at home and in the workplace. Epidemiological studies have, essentially, addressed the association between ETS exposure and respiratory health in children, and increased risk of lung cancer among adult nonsmokers. Relatively few studies have been reported on ETS and adult non-neoplastic respiratory diseases. On the basis of the available data, no definite conclusion (excluding the acute irritating effect of ETS on respiratory mucous membranes) can be drawn. Although biologically plausible, it remains controversial whether ETS exposure is associated with chronic respiratory symptoms and occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including asthma. Most of the studies that have used the most sensitive indicators of pulmonary function have suggested a negative impact of ETS exposure. However, if really present, the physiological significance of such small changes is unclear, and the relationship to long-term changes in lung function is not established. Moreover, the possibility of bias and confounding factors must be taken into account. Thus, there is a need for further epidemiological studies on ETS exposure and adult non-neoplastic respiratory disorders.
Insertion of Celestin Tubes
Authors: R. S. Mantell
Journal: BMJ (1972)

I have found in the investigation of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon ("secondary" Raynaud's), utilizing oesophageal motility studies, that those patients with no oeso- phageal symptoms in whom evidence of aper.stalsis or incoordination was found in- variably developed scleroderma.On the other hand, when there was a normal motility pattern scleroderma did not develop.This simple investigation greatly helps when considering the prognosis and the natural history of Raynaud 's phenomenon.-I am, etc.,
Regulatory Review of Novel Therapeutics — Comparison of Three Regulatory Agencies
Authors: Nicholas S. Downing, Jenerius A. Aminawung, Nilay D. Shah, Joel B. Braunstein, Harlan M. Krumholz, Joseph S. Ross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The upcoming reauthorization of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act focuses on improving the review process for new drug applications at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Using publicly available information from the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and Health Canada, we compared the time for completion of the first review and the total review time for all applications involving novel therapeutic agents approved by the three regulatory agencies from 2001 through 2010 and determined the geographic area in which each novel therapeutic agent was first approved for use.There were 510 applications for novel therapeutic agents approved from 2001 through 2010--225 by the FDA, 186 by the EMA, and 99 by Health Canada; among the applications, there were 289 unique agents. The median length of time for completion of the first review was 303 days (interquartile range, 185 to 372) for applications approved by the FDA, 366 days (interquartile range, 310 to 445) for those approved by the EMA, and 352 days (interquartile range, 255 to 420) for those approved by Health Canada (P<0.001 for the comparison across the three agencies). The median total review time was also shorter at the FDA than at the EMA or Health Canada (P=0.002). Among the 289 unique novel therapeutic agents, 190 were approved in both the United States and Europe (either by the EMA or through the mutual recognition process), of which 121 (63.7%) were first approved in the United States; similarly, 154 were approved in both the United States and Canada, of which 132 (85.7%) were first approved in the United States.For novel therapeutic agents approved between 2001 and 2010, the FDA reviewed applications involving novel therapeutics more quickly, on average, than did the EMA or Health Canada, and the vast majority of these new therapeutic agents were first approved for use in the United States. (Funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts.).
Hybrid Versus Norwood Strategies for Single-Ventricle Palliation
Authors: Kenji Baba, Yasuhiro Kotani, Devin Chetan, Rajiv R. Chaturvedi, Kyong-Jin Lee, Lee N. Benson, Lars Grosse-Wortmann, Glen S. Van Arsdell, Christopher A. Caldarone, Osami Honjo
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Hybrid and Norwood strategies differ substantially in terms of stage II palliative procedures. We sought to compare these strategies with an emphasis on survival and reintervention after stage II and subsequent Fontan completion. Methods and Results— Of 110 neonates with functionally single-ventricle physiology who underwent stage I palliation between 2004 and 2010, 75 (69%) infants (Norwood, n=43; hybrid, n=32) who subsequently underwent stage II palliation were studied. Survival and reintervention rates after stage II palliation, anatomic and physiologic variables at pre-Fontan assessment, and Fontan outcomes were compared between the groups. Predictors for reintervention were analyzed. Freedom from death/transplant after stage II palliation was equivalent between the groups (Norwood, 80.4% versus hybrid, 85.6% at 3 years, P =0.66). Hybrid patients had a higher pulmonary artery (PA) reintervention rate ( P =0.003) and lower Nakata index at pre-Fontan evaluation ( P =0.015). Aortic arch and atrioventricular valve reinterventions were not different between the groups. Ventricular end-diastolic pressure, mean PA pressure, and ventricular function were equivalent at pre-Fontan assessment. There were no deaths after Fontan completion in either group (Norwood, n=25, hybrid, n=14). Conclusions— Survival after stage II palliation and subsequent Fontan completion is equivalent between the groups. The hybrid group had a higher PA reintervention rate and smaller PA size. Both strategies achieved adequate physiology for Fontan completion. Evolution of the hybrid strategy requires refinement to provide optimal PA growth.
Relationship between airway narrowing, patchy ventilation and lung mechanics in asthmatics
Authors: N. T. Tgavalekos, G. Musch, R. S. Harris, M. F. Vidal Melo, T. Winkler, T. Schroeder, R. Callahan, K. R. Lutchen, J. G. Venegas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Bronchoconstriction in asthma results in patchy ventilation forming ventilation defects (VDefs). Patchy ventilation is clinically important because it affects obstructive symptoms and impairs both gas exchange and the distribution of inhaled medications. The current study combined functional imaging, oscillatory mechanics and theoretical modelling to test whether the degrees of constriction of airways feeding those units outside VDefs were related to the extent of VDefs in bronchoconstricted asthmatic subjects. Positron emission tomography was used to quantify the regional distribution of ventilation and oscillatory mechanics were measured in asthmatic subjects before and after bronchoconstriction. For each subject, ventilation data was mapped into an anatomically based lung model that was used to evaluate whether airway constriction patterns, consistent with the imaging data, were capable of matching the measured changes in airflow obstruction. The degree and heterogeneity of constriction of the airways feeding alveolar units outside VDefs was similar among the subjects studied despite large inter-subject variability in airflow obstruction and the extent of the ventilation defects. Analysis of the data amongst the subjects showed an inverse relationship between the reduction in mean airway conductance, measured in the breathing frequency range during bronchoconstriction, and the fraction of lung involved in ventilation defects. The current data supports the concept that patchy ventilation is an expression of the integrated system and not just the sum of independent responses of individual airways.
Use of the glycophorin A human mutation assay to study workers exposed to styrene.
Authors: P J Compton-Quintana, R H Jensen, W L Bigbee, S G Grant, R G Langlois, M T Smith, S M Rappaport
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The glycophorin A (GPA) assay is a human mutation assay that is potentially useful for large epidemiological studies. The assay is rapid and requires a minimal amount of blood, which can be stored before analysis. The data presented here were collected from workers exposed to styrene in a boat manufacturing plant. This study was the first to apply the GPA assay to an occupationally exposed population. Subjects with a mean styrene exposure of 30 ppm had a higher frequency of GPA N phi variant cells than subjects with mean exposure of 1 ppm, but the subjects differed in respect to smoking and age distribution. Results indicate that the original 1-W-1 version of the assay may not be suitable for studies of small numbers of exposed subjects due to variability and artifacts. The newer BR6 version, however, has much lower variability and shows promise for use in the occupational setting.
Axillo-Axillary Bypass Graft
Authors: William O. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have found the axillofemoral bypass graft technique useful in certain problem cases for revascularization of the leg.<sup>1</sup>A logical extension of this procedure would seem to be axillo-axillary bypass to resupply the subclavian artery or other branches of the innominate (brachial-cephalic trunk). This should be quite a simple procedure and suitable for the poor-risk patient in whom one would not wish to enter the chest or temporarily interrupt the carotid artery flow. A recent case suggests the possible usefulness of this technique. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 72-year-old man, ill for several days, was being treated at home with diuretics and digitalis for dyspnea and dependent edema. The visiting nurse noted that a blood pressure could not be measured in his right arm. The arm became painful, cool, and cyanotic, and he was admitted to the hospital. The lower extremity edema had disappeared. His tongue
Toxicology of phthalic acid esters used in food-packaging material.
Authors: S I Shibko, H Blumenthal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1973)

Phthalic acid esters may be used as plasticizers in food-packaging materials that have direct contact with food.Under normal con- ditions of use small amounts of the plasticizers would be expected to migrate into the food.The safe use of the phthalic acid esters under these conditions is based on available toxicity data, as well as regulations which, in general, specify the maximum extractable fraction of plasticizer that may enter food.Before the enactment of the Food Additives Amendment to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in 1958, sanctions were granted for the use of five phthalates in food-packaging material (diethyl phthalate, butylphthalyl butyl glycolate, ethylphthalyl ethyl glycolate, diisooctyl phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), with the limita- tions that they be used in accordance with good manufacturing practice for food packaging materials, and that di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and diisooctyl phthalate be used with foods of high water content.Foods of high water content were defined as those from which no fat would be extractedwhen the food was pressed against filter paper; under the conditions of this test, if a water spot was formed the food was considered aqueous and if a fat spot was formed the food was considered fatty.The restriction was applied to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and to diisooctyl phthalate because the available toxicological data would not support un-
Concurrent translocation of BCL2 and MYC with a single immunoglobulin locus in high-grade B-cell lymphomas
Authors: S Knezevich, O Ludkovski, C Salski, V Lestou, M Chhanabhai, W Lam, R Klasa, J M Connors, M J S Dyer, R D Gascoyne, D E Horsman
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
SFTA3, a novel protein of the lung: three-dimensional structure, characterisation and immune activation
Authors: Martin Schicht, Felix Rausch, Susetta Finotto, Martina Mathews, Anja Mattil, Melanie Schubert, Beate Koch, Maximilian Traxdorf, Christopher Bohr, Dieter Worlitzsch, Wolfgang Brandt, Fabian Garreis, Saadettin Sel, Friedrich Paulsen, Lars Bräuer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The lung constantly interacts with numerous pathogens. Thus, complex local immune defence mechanisms are essential to recognise and dispose of these intruders. This work describes the detection, characterisation and three-dimensional structure of a novel protein of the lung (surfactant-associated protein 3 (SFTA3/SP-H)) with putative immunological features. Bioinformatics, biochemical and immunological methods were combined to elucidate the structure and function of SFTA3. The tissue-specific detection and characterisation was performed by using electron microscopy as well as fluorescence imaging. Three-dimensional structure generation and analysis led to the development of specific antibodies and, as a consequence, to the localisation of a novel protein in human lung under consideration of cystic fibrosis, asthma and sepsis. In vitro experiments revealed that lipopolysaccharide induces expression of SFTA3 in the human lung alveolar type II cell line A549. By contrast, the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-23 inhibit expression of SFTA3 in A549. Sequence- and structure-based prediction analysis indicated that the novel protein is likely to belong to the family of lung surfactant proteins. The results suggest that SFTA3 is an immunoregulatory protein of the lung with relevant protective functions during inflammation at the mucosal sites.
Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Confers Aneuploidy and Tumorigenicity on Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Vladislav S. Golubkov, Alexey V. Chekanov, Alexey Y. Savinov, Dmitri V. Rozanov, Natalya V. Golubkova, Alex Y. Strongin
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract An elevated expression of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is closely associated with multiple malignancies. Recently, we discovered that recycled MT1-MMP was trafficked along the tubulin cytoskeleton into the centrosomal compartment and cleaved the integral centrosomal protein pericentrin-2. These events correlated with the induction of chromosome instability and aneuploidy in nonmalignant Madine-Darby canine kidney cells. Accordingly, we hypothesized that MT1-MMP is an oncogene that promotes malignant transformation of normal cells rather than just an enzyme that supports growth of preexisting tumors. To prove our hypothesis, we transfected normal 184B5 human mammary epithelial cells with MT1-MMP (184B5-MT1 cells). MT1-MMP was colocalized with pericentrin in the centrosomal compartment and especially in the midbody of dividing cells. 184B5-MT1 cells acquired the ability to activate MMP-2, to cleave pericentrin, and to invade the Matrigel matrix. 184B5-MT1 cells exhibited aneuploidy, and they were efficient in generating tumors in the orthotopic xenograft model in immunodeficient mice. Because of the absence of tumor angiogenesis and the resulting insufficient blood supply, the tumors then regressed with significant accompanying necrosis. Gene array studies confirmed a significant up-regulation of oncogenes and tumorigenic genes but not the angiogenesis-promoting genes in 184B5-MT1 cells. We believe that our data point to a novel function of MT1-MMP in the initial stages of malignant transformation and to new and hitherto unknown transition mechanism from normalcy to malignancy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10460-5)
Cancer of the papilla causing recurrent acute pancreatitis and mimicking a pancreatic stone
Authors: Z.-S. Li, Z. Liao, J. Chen, L.-W. Wang, X.-H. Wu
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Figure 1 A 49-year-old woman was referred to our department in July 2005 during an episode of significant upper abdominal pain associated with elevated amylase levels. This was the fifth such episode that had occurred over a 5-month period. Amylase levels of 614 - 2005 IU/l (normal range 20 - 120 IU/L) were recorded. Mild acute pancreatitis was confirmed on computed tomography. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a prepapillary filling defect, suggesting a pancreatic duct stone.
EFFECT OF BIVENTRICULAR AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR PACING ON CORONARY FLOW RESERVE IN RESPONDERS AND NON-RESPONDERS TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Spyridon Deftereos, Georgios Giannopoulos, Charalambos Kossyvakis, Konstantinos Raisakis, Vasiliki Panagopoulou, Olga Ntzouvara, Andreas Theodorakis, Vlasios Pyrgakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)