tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival after an experimental myocardial infarction: beneficial effects of long-term therapy with captopril.
Authors: M A Pfeffer, J M Pfeffer, C Steinberg, P Finn
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Although vasodilator therapy has been shown to improve functional capacity in patients with congestive heart failure, there is no evidence that such therapy can prolong survival. Coronary artery ligation in the rat was used to produce a wide range of myocardial infarct sizes and a resultant spectrum of left ventricular dysfunction. To determine the relationship between size of myocardial infarction and long-term survival and to test the hypothesis that long-term therapy with captopril could improve survival after myocardial infarction, 302 rats were randomly assigned to either placebo or captopril therapy 14 days after coronary artery ligation. The animals were kept in a laminar flow unit and followed daily for a 1 year period or until spontaneous death. Size of myocardial infarction was determined by planimetry of serial histologic sections of the left ventricle. One year survival in placebo-treated rats decreased markedly in direct relation to increasing size of infarction (from 71% in noninfarcted rats to only 8% in rats with large infarcts). Long-term captopril therapy prolonged the survival of rats with infarcts (p less than .02). The most marked improvement in survival was noted in the animals with infarcts of moderate size, in which 1 year survival was 21% in the placebo-treated rats and 48% in the captopril-treated rats. Thus, in this experimental preparation of myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction, survival was inversely related to size of infarction. Long-term therapy with captopril, which we had previously shown to improve left ventricular function and lessen dilatation in the chronic phase of infarction, also had a pronounced effect on prolonging survival in this preparation of chronic infarction.
Parliament faces paradox over advertising bans
Authors: J Warden
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The British government this week faced the paradox of its health ministry refusing to ban tobacco advertising on libertarian grounds and its food ministry proposing to ban advertisements for baby milk on health grounds. Both issues are before parliament simultaneously.

The Tobacco Advertising Bill was due to reach its final stages in the Commons on 13 May. Although it has overwhelming support - by 227 votes to 17 at an earlier stage - it faces the nearly insurmountable hazards of …
A DEFENSE OF SUPRAPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY-Reply
Authors: Hugh H. Young
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> When I stated that Dr. Keyes' mortality was 40 per cent, I was in error, and I apologize. I should have said his clinic, as he states that "in a hospital in which a series of patients operated upon under my eye by 18 different surgeons, there were 175 patients, chiefly operated upon by two-stage prostatectomy and 85 (49 per cent) did not leave the hospital alive. Among these 26 were not operated upon, and 12 died. Ninety-eight were drained suprapubically and 33 died. One hundred and ten prostates were removed with 40 deaths." Again, in his textbook, he states, "In free city hospitals... the total mortality approaches 50 per cent." In another paper he says, "At Bellevue Hospital... the mortality is 49 per cent." Dr. Keyes says, "Dr. Young mentions his surprising record of 198 successive perineal prostatectomies without a death. Other operators... have usually stopped
Cerebral abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: A Geissler
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatic encephalopathy is a common problem in cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of this complication of advanced liver disease still remains unclear. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess prospectively cerebral metabolism in 51 patients with histologically proven cirrhosis (Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C, 18, 18, and 15, respectively) and 36 healthy volunteers. According to the results of psychometric tests, overt hepatic encephalopathy, subclinical encephalopathy, and no encephalopathy were found in 14, 21, and 16 patients, respectively. Myoinositol/creatine ratios in gray (.36 +/- .17) and white (.35 +/- .22) matter voxel were reduced significantly (P < .0001) in cirrhotic patients compared with healthy volunteers (gray matter, .51 +/- .11; white matter, .64 +/- .16). In addition, patients showed a significant reduction (P = .024) in white matter choline/creatine ratio (.77 +/- .27) compared with controls (.92 +/- .25), and glutamine/glutamate level was elevated in cirrhotic patients compared with controls (gray matter, P < .0001; white matter, P = .036). Changes in cerebral myoinositol and glutamine/glutamate levels correlated significantly with the severity of hepatic encephalopathy (P < .0001). However, these metabolic alterations were also detected in patients without hepatic encephalopathy (normal psychometric test results). N-acetyl aspartate/creatine ratios did not differ between patients and controls. Magnetic resonance imaging detected bright basal ganglia in 37 patients, which correlated significantly with portal-systemic shunting and elevation of glutamine/glutamate, but not with the degree of hepatic encephalopathy. In conclusion, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy showed that alterations of cerebral metabolism are common in patients with cirrhosis, even without evidence of clinical or subclinical hepatic encephalopathy.
Does the internet limit or extend the human mind? Probably both
Authors: R. J. Lilford, P. J. Chilton
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Kassirer discussed the way readily accessible information from the internet might affect medical practice.1 Essentially his point was that homing in directly on the required information reduces the chances of serendipitous intellectual discoveries, which may subsequently turn out to be very useful.

Two recent articles contribute …
Effects of omalizumab in a patient with three types of chronic urticaria
Authors: R. Vieira dos Santos, B. Locks Bidese, J. Rabello de Souza, M. Maurer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

are currently being edited and typeset. Readers should note that articles published below have been fully refereed, but have not been through the copy-editing and proof correction process. Wiley-Blackwell and the British Association of Dermatologists cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these articles; nor do the views and opinions expressed necessarily reflect those of Wiley-Blackwell or the British Association of Dermatologists This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Article Type: Case Report
Requirement for natural killer cell-produced interferon gamma in defense against murine cytomegalovirus infection and enhancement of this defense pathway by interleukin 12 administration.
Authors: J S Orange, B Wang, C Terhorst, C A Biron
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

The presence of natural killer (NK) cells contributes to early defense against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Although NK cells can mediate in vivo protection against MCMV, the mechanism by which they do so has not been defined. The studies presented here evaluate cytokine production by NK cells activated during MCMV infection and the role of NK cell-produced cytokines in early in vivo antiviral defenses. Experiments with normal C57BL/6, T cell-deficient C57BL/6 nude, and severe combined immunodeficient mice lacking T and B cells demonstrated that both interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production were induced at early times after infection with MCMV. Conditioned media samples prepared with cells from these mice, on day 2 after infection, produced 11-43 pg/million cells of IFN-gamma and 12-19 pg/million cells of TNF as evaluated by specific protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Studies in the NK- and T cell-deficient mouse line, E26, in mice that had been depleted in vivo of NK cells by treatment with antibodies eliminating NK cells, anti-asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide or anti-NK1.1, and with populations of cells that had been depleted of NK cells by complement treatment with the anti-NK cell antibody, SW3A4, demonstrated that NK cells were solely responsible for the IFN-gamma but were not required for TNF production. The in vivo absence of NK cells was accompanied by increased viral hepatitis and viral replication in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice, as well as decreased survival time of immunodeficient mice. In vivo treatments with antibodies neutralizing IFN-gamma demonstrated that this factor contributed to the NK cell-mediated antiviral defense and reduced the measured parameters of viral defense to levels indistinguishable from those observed in NK cell-deficient mice. These effects appeared to be independent of cytolytic activity, as NK cells isolated from anti-IFN-gamma-treated mice mediated killing at levels comparable to those observed in control-treated mice. The consequences of interleukin 12 (IL-12) administration, a known potent inducer of IFN-gamma production by NK cells, were evaluated in MCMV-infected mice. Low IL-12 doses, i.e., 1 ng/d, increased NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production up to twofold and resulted in improved antiviral status; virus-induced hepatitis was decreased as much as fivefold, and viral burdens were decreased to levels below detection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
S. Weir Mitchell and the Ghosts
Authors: William K. Beatty
Journal: JAMA (1972)

S. Weir Mitchell was born into an old and respected Philadelphia family on Feb 15, 1829. In such well-ordered surroundings ghosts should have had no place, but during Mitchell's long and active life they kept turning up frequently and in many different guises. A religious ghost gave him such a fright when he was a child that he could recall it vividly over half a century later and turn it into a dramatic incident in one of his best novels. Ghost stories occurred in several of his literary efforts, and one of his short stories, "A Ghost of Glory," combines the supernatural with Mitchell's patriotism and his abiding interest in ships. His most unusual ghosts were undoubtedly those of "phantom limbs," the sensations of lost arms and legs that come back to haunt the amputees years after the amputation. S. Weir Mitchell had been given the name "Silas" but disliked
Interleukin-8 drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human carcinomas
Authors: Romaine I Fernando, Duane H Hamilton, Bruce Huang, Claudia Palena
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts The phenomenon of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a relevant event during carcinoma progression. Tumor EMT drives the phenotypic conversion of polarized, epithelial tumor cells into highly motile, mesenchymal-like cells, and promotes tumor
Infected Urachal Cysts
Authors: H. I. Rees
Journal: BMJ (1953)

MEDICAL JOURNAL three cases (Nos.7, 12, and 13) excreted type-specific coli- forms when no diarrhoea was present, and in Case 6 Bact. coli 026.B6 was isolated and identified immediately before any looseness of stools began.Certain conditions seem to be necessary before type- specific coliforms can exert a pathogenic effect in the in- testine.From the cases described, debility and general weakness are evidently important predisposing conditions, but there is evidence of another, unknown, factor.In Cases
Potentiation of pentazocine analgesia by low-dose naloxone.
Authors: J D Levine, N C Gordon, Y O Taiwo, T J Coderre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The analgesia produced by combinations of low-dose naloxone with pentazocine or morphine was studied in 105 patients with moderately severe postoperative pain after standardized surgery for removal of impacted third molars. Pain intensity was quantified using a visual-analogue scale. To eliminate the release of endogenous opioids produced by the placebo component of open drug administration, all injections were made by a preprogrammed infusion pump. The analgesia produced by pentazocine, an agonist-antagonist opiate-analgesic acting predominantly at the kappa opiate receptor, was potentiated by low-dose naloxone, whereas the analgesia produced by morphine, a mu-agonist, was attenuated by low-dose naloxone. To evaluate whether similar potentiation would be present in an animal model, and specifically, in the absence of diazepam, which patients receive, we performed an analogous experiment in rats in which nociceptive threshold was determined using the Randall-Selitto paw-withdrawal test. The results were completely analogous to the clinical results: pentazocine analgesia was potentiated by low-dose naloxone, whereas morphine analgesia was attenuated by low-dose naloxone. These data demonstrate a novel interaction between opiates, and suggest a rationale for opiate combinations to produce potent analgesia with fewer autonomic side effects and less abuse potential than presently available analgesics.
Are mood stabilisers helpful in treatment of borderline personality disorder?
Authors: M. J. Crawford, T. MacLaren, J. G. Reilly
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Borderline personality disorder is a severe mental health problem that affects around 1% of people.1 It is characterised by intense unstable relationships, impulsivity, and chronic feelings of emptiness.2 Affective instability is also a core symptom, with marked fluctuations in mood, which may switch rapidly from hopelessness and despair to feeling irritable, angry, and out of control. People with this condition have high rates of deliberate self harm and a rate of suicide that is 20 times that of the general population.3 Although psychological treatments have been shown to improve the mental health of people with borderline personality disorder,4 many people do not engage with such treatments, and as many as half of those who do engage drop out before treatment has been completed.5

People with borderline personality disorder are more likely to experience mood disorders, including bipolar affective disorder.6 7 Differentiating between borderline personality disorder and bipolar affective disorder can be difficult. Changes in mood are much more frequent among people with borderline personality disorder, and such patients are more likely to report feelings of anger, in contrast to elated mood reported by people with bipolar disorder.8

Affective instability among people with borderline personality disorder has led to interest in the role of mood stabilisers (sodium valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate, carbamazepine, and lithium) as a potential treatment. However, the evidence base for the use of these drugs in people with this condition is poor, and considerable uncertainty exists about whether they should be used in clinical practice. Current guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) states that drug treatments should “not be used for borderline personality disorder or for the individual symptoms or behaviour associated with the disorder.”9 By contrast, American guidelines state that mood stabilisers should be considered …
Extent of Agreement between Two Methods for Estimating Acute Directional Changes of Cardiac Stroke Index
Authors: DAVID F. OPDYKE, MARY E. ZANETTI
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

Cardiovascular physiologists frequently infer directional changes in cardiac stroke volume and cardiac output from changes in aortic pulse pressure and atrial pressure. Errors are probably not infrequent. The Hamilton and Remington pressure pulse contour method can also indicate directional fluctuations in cardiac stroke volume. Comparison of the results of the two methods of analysis in situations where cardiac stroke index was changed acutely revealed good correspondence of indicated changes under conditions of simple alterations in venous return, but poor correspondence under more complex conditions such as after injections of pressor amines.
Tumor doubling time predicts recurrence after surgery and describes the histological pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis
Authors: Alessandro Cucchetti, Marco Vivarelli, Fabio Piscaglia, Bruno Nardo, Roberto Montalti, Gian Luca Grazi, Matteo Ravaioli, Giuliano La Barba, Antonino Cavallari, Luigi Bolondi, Antonio Daniele Pinna
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Sjögren's Syndrome and Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: BRIAN J. MURRAY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1985Sjögren's Syndrome and Infectious MononucleosisBRIAN J. MURRAY, M.D.BRIAN J. MURRAY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-1-161_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Whittingham and associates (1) report the case of a young woman who developed Sjögren's syndrome with autoimmune sialadenitis about 10 years after an episode of "protracted" infectious mononucleosis. They conclude that the Epstein-Barr virus initiated a break in immunologic tolerance with development of Sjögren's syndrome. However, a causal relation is not necessarily shown and some additional points merit consideration.Infectious mononucleosis is ubiquitous, and a clinical illness for 4 months is not rare. Nearly 5% of college students at our university health center have the illness for greater than 3 months. The patient's subsequent diarrhea and fatigue,...References1. WHITTINGHAMMCNEILAGEMACKAY SJI. Primary Sjögren's syndrome after infectious mononucleosis. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:490-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STRAUSTOSATOARMSTRONG SGG. Persisting illness and fatigue in adults with evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:7-16. LinkGoogle Scholar3. STANČEKROVENSḰY DJ. Enhancement of Epstein-Barr virus antibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Acta Virol. 1979;23:168-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. LERNERANDREWSMILLERSTEITZ MNGJ. TWO small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus and complexed with protein are precipitated by antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981;78:805-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MADDISONPROVOSTREICHLIN PTM. Serological findings in patients with "ANA-negative" systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine (Baltimore). 1981;60:87-94. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. LERNERBOYLEHARDINSTEITZ MJJJ. Two novel classes of small ribonucleoproteins detected by antibodies associated with lupus erythematosus. Science. 1981;211:400-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByViruses and salivary gland disease: Are there associations? 1 July 1985Volume 103, Issue 1Page: 161-161KeywordsDiarrheaEpstein-Barr virusFatigue Issue Published: 1 July 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Counseling Patients to Counsel Physicians on Future Care in the Event of Patient Incompetence
Authors: LAWRENCE J. SCHNEIDERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Physicians and patients share a common interest in clarifying and maximizing the powers and protection of advanced directives for future care in the event of patient incompetence. Although the complexity and unpredictability of health care circumstances make it impossible to guarantee complete control over therapeutic measures to be used when survival is in question, physicians should offer their patients the opportunity to reflect on their values and wishes and to express them explicitly. The ideal advanced directive should clearly state the author's intentions; contain clear documentation regarding authorship; be flexible, allowing family and caregivers to respond appropriately to changing circumstances; be available when needed; and be supported by legal powers that grant patients the right of enforcement and grant health care providers protection from liability. Advanced directives can be set as instruction directives or proxy directives, each form having advantages and disadvantages.
Laser Treatment of Tattoos
Authors: Leon Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Preliminary experiences with lasers in the treatment of tattoos over a period of more than three years have shown that this is a safe procedure, both for the patient and for the operating personnel, when conducted in specially designed laboratories and with planned safety programs. The laser treatment of tattoos is still, and will continue to be for some time, an investigative treatment and not a conventional treatment.
Large‐scale population genetic analysis for hemoglobinopathies reveals different mutation spectra in Central Greece compared to the rest of the country
Authors: Maria Samara, Ioanna Chiotoglou, Angelos Kalamaras, Sophia Likousi, Christos Chassanidis, Andromahi Vagena, Christos Vagenas, Eftichios Eftichiadis, Nikolaos Vamvakopoulos, George P. Patrinos, Panagoula Kollia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract We have undertaken a large population screening study to identify the molecular basis of hemoglobinopathies in the central Greece region. A total of 845 unrelated β‐thalassemia patients and α‐, β‐, and δβ‐thalassemia carriers have been recruited and screened for mutations in the α‐ and β‐globin gene clusters. The α −MED deletion and the Turkish inversion/deletion are the most frequent genetic rearrangements leading to α‐ and δβ‐thalassemia respectively, contrary to the situation in the rest of the country, while the β −101 (C&gt;T) promoter mutation is surprisingly frequent in the central part of Greece. Our data indicate that determination of mutation frequencies in different regions is vital for accurate provision of genetic services and counseling and for precise estimation of genetic diversity. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Which Test Is Best?
Authors: Jack S. Mandel, Fred Ederer, Timothy Church, John Bond
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We commend Drs Lang and Ransohoff<sup>1</sup>for their effort to estimate the unknown, independent contribution of colonoscopy to fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening. From their mathematical model, which used selected data from our FOBT trial<sup>2</sup>and from a case-control study of rigid sigmoidoscopy,<sup>3</sup>they concluded that FOBT screening with rehydrated slides is a haphazard method for selecting persons for colonoscopy. Their conclusion depends on several assumptions that may be incorrect. They assume a constant FOBT positivity rate of 10% throughout our study. It was not. Initially, with nonrehydrated slides, the positivity rate was 2.0%. Rehydration was phased in, and during the first screening phase (1976 to 1982) the overall positivity rate was 7.4%. During this time, two thirds of the FOBT slides were rehydrated. Screening was suspended for 3 years, not 4 years as assumed for the Lang-Ransohoff model. By February 1986, when
PREVALENCE AND PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCATION FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE: DATA FROM A LARGE PROSPECTIVE COHORT
Authors: Sofia Sederholm Lawesson, Joakim Alfredsson, Karolina Szummer, Mats Fredrikson, Eva Swahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)