tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calcific deposits developing in a bovine pericardial bioprosthetic valve 3 days after implantation.
Authors: T Ishihara, V J Ferrans, M Jones, H S Cabin, W C Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Calcific deposits, localized in a thin layer of thrombus covering the cuspal surfaces, were present 3 days after implantation in a valved pulmonic conduit that contained an Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial valve and was placed in a 29-year-old man with double outlet right ventricle, valvular and infundibular pulmonic stenosis, and ventricular septal defect. Factors that may have contributed to such a rapid calcification were the relatively young age of the patient, the development of acute renal insufficiency postoperatively, and the administration of large amounts of calcium chloride intravenously during blood transfusions and during episodes of cardiac arrest.
Quality Assurance for Office Laboratories
Authors: Harry Schwalb
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  The survey by Belsey et al, 1 Laboratory Test Analysis Near the Patient, in your Feb 14 issue was timely and comprehensive.  However, it did omit one of the world's oldest and largest producers of laboratory materials: Fisher Scientific. The article's Table 13 does list our headquarters address (711 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15219) and telephone number (412-562-8300) but gives them to V-Tech, Inc.  I can only think that somewhere, in some computer's memory, are the other Fisher data, all excluded from the pertinent tables: our pregnancy tests (including Pregna-Clone, a monoclonalbased test kit that represents a major speed-up in tube tests, ie, as little as 30 minutes); our urinalysis test systems; our blood cell counter, hematology, and chemistry analyzer supplies; and our various immunodiagnostic test systems.  The article will prove a valuable guide to office practitioners, but, in a personal way, it was somewhat like reading
Regulation of biliary cholesterol secretion in the rat. Role of hepatic cholesterol esterification.
Authors: F Nervi, M Bronfman, W Allalón, E Depiereux, R Del Pozo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Although the significance of the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts in the solubilization and biliary excretion of cholesterol is well established, little is known about the intrahepatic determinants of biliary cholesterol output. Studies were undertaken to elucidate some of these determinants in the rat. Feeding 1% diosgenin for 1 wk increased biliary cholesterol output and saturation by 400%. Bile flow, biliary bile salt, phospholipid and protein outputs remained in the normal range. When ethynyl estradiol (EE) was injected into these animals, biliary cholesterol output decreased to almost normal levels under circumstances of minor changes in the rates of biliary bile salt and phospholipid outputs. Similarly, when chylomicron cholesterol was intravenously injected into diosgenin-fed animals, biliary cholesterol output significantly decreased as a function of the dose of chylomicron cholesterol administered. Relative rates of hepatic cholesterol synthesis and esterification were measured in isolated hepatocytes. Although hepatic cholesterogenesis increased 300% in diosgenin-fed animals, the contribution of newly synthesized cholesterol to total biliary cholesterol output was only 19 +/- 9%, compared with 12 +/- 6% in control and 15 +/- 5% in diosgenin-fed and EE-injected rats. The rate of oleate incorporation into hepatocytic cholesterol esters was 30% inhibited in diosgenin-fed rats. When EE was injected into these animals, the rate of cholesterol esterification increased to almost 300%. To investigate further the interrelationship between hepatic cholesterol esterification and biliary cholesterol output, we studied 21 diosgenin-fed rats. Six of them received in addition EE and 10 received chylomicron cholesterol. The relationships between biliary cholesterol output as a function of both microsomal acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity and hepatic cholesterol ester concentration were significantly correlated in a reciprocal manner. From these results it is concluded that the size of the biliary cholesterol precursor pool can be rapidly modified through changes in the activity of the hepatic ACAT.
The Nurse Practitioner Revisited
Authors: Walter O. Spitzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

ON January 19, 1978, the Journal published a study by Perrin and Goodman that assessed the performance of nurse practitioners.1 It clearly demonstrated the superiority of nurse practitioners in providing one important part of primary care — telephone management of children's health problems. Looking back, that was one of the last rigorous studies published on the safety, effectiveness, and quality of the work of nurse practitioners. The array of scientifically admissible evidence that accumulated throughout the 1970s strongly suggested that the new use of allied health professionals as physician substitutes or copractitioners in primary care did not pose any threat . . .
Abstract 461: Involvement of α9β1 integrin-iNOS pathway in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and/or urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-mediated glioma cell migration
Authors: Krishna Kumar Veeravalli, Shivani Ponnala, Thompson Zhuang, Chandramu Chetty, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Src tyrosine kinase activates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and, in turn, nitric oxide (NO) production as a means to transduce cell migration. Src tyrosine kinase plays a key proximal role to control α9β1 signaling. Our recent studies have clearly demonstrated the role of α9β1 integrin in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and/or urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-mediated glioma cell migration. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of α9β1 integrin-iNOS pathway in MMP-9- and/or uPAR-mediated glioma cell migration. Immunohistochemical analysis of the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissue array revealed the prominent presence of iNOS in several clinical GBM samples. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis of U251 glioma cell lines and 5310 glioma xenograft cells showed a prominent expression of iNOS. Transcriptional inactivation of MMP-9 and/or uPAR by respective shRNA reduced iNOS expression in both U521 and 5310 glioma cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed elevated iNOS mRNA expression in these glioma cells after transfection with MMP-9- or uPAR-overexpressing plasmids. Wound healing and spheroid migration assays showed a significant inhibition of the migration potential of MMP-9- or uPAR-overexpressed U251 glioma cells after treatment with L-NAME, an inhibitor of iNOS. Similarly, Matrigel invasion assay revealed a significant inhibition of the invasion potential of the control or MMP-9/uPAR-overexpressed U251 and 5310 glioma cells after L-NAME treatment. Further, we noticed a prominent reduction of iNOS expression in the tumor regions of nude mice brains, which were injected with 5310 glioma cells, after MMP-9 and/or uPAR knockdown. Integrin α9β1 regulates iNOS activity via Src tyrosine kinase; Src coordinates subsequent signaling pathways through activation of FAK and tyrosine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein p130Cas. Western blot analysis of MMP-9 and/or uPAR shRNA treated U251 and 5310 glioma cells revealed significant reductions in the protein expression of cSrc, phosphoSrc, FAK and p130Cas after simultaneous downregulation of both MMP-9 and uPAR. Taken together, our results from the present and earlier studies clearly demonstrate that α9β1 integrin-mediated cell migration utilizes the iNOS pathway, and inhibition of the migratory potential of these glioma cells by simultaneous knockdown of MMP-9 and uPAR could be attributed to the reduced α9β1 integrin and iNOS levels. Therefore, our results highlight the possible involvement of α9β1 integrin-iNOS pathway in MMP-9- and/or uPAR-mediated glioma cell migration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 461. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-461
Book Review Cellular and Molecular Immunology By Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman, and Jordan S. Pober. 417 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1991. $26.95. Clinical Immunology: A practical approach (Practical Approach Series.) Edited by H.C. Gooi and H. Chapel. 263 pp., illustrated. New York, IRL Press/Oxford University Press, 1990. $65.
Authors: Alan L. Landay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Abstract A49: Characterization of pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 in prostate cancer
Authors: Hakon Ramberg, Ayham Alshbib, Viktor Berge, Wang Wanzhong, Aud Svindland, Kristin Austlid Taskén
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The main purpose of our project is to determine the role of Pre-B Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1 (PBX1) in prostate cancer development and progression. In this study of PBX1, we used immunohistochemical staining of benign and malignant prostate tissue as well as immunoblotting and Real-Time RT-PCR of different prostate cancer cell lines to characterize the expression pattern and regulation of PBX1. Furthermore, we transfected LNCaP with short interference RNA (siRNA) against PBX1 to determine its role in proliferation and differentiation of prostate cancer cells. Our analyses of PBX1 expression in prostate cancer cell lines indicate that the level of PBX1 is higher in LNCaP and VCaP compared to LNCaP C4-2B and DU145, at both the mRNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemical analysis of PBX1 showed that the protein is mainly expressed in basal cells of benign tissue and in a minor sub-fraction of cells located in the luminal compartment. Tumor tissue lacks basal cells and the expression level of PBX1 was therefore down-regulated in malignant compared to benign tissue. In less differentiated tumor areas, the frequency of PBX1 positive cells was lower than in highly differentiated tumors. Thus, an inverse correlation between PBX1 staining and Gleason grade was observed. The TMAstudy included 42 patients radically operated for prostate cancer in 2004 (108 spots) and no significant correlations between PBX1 expression and clinical parameters were observed. Cyclic AMP has previously been shown to induce growth arrest and neurite outgrowth of prostate cancer cells. We have shown that the level of PBX1 mRNA is down-regulated by cAMP. Transient transfection of PBX1 siRNA in LNCaP cells mimicked the morphological changes observed when LNCaP cells are stimulated with cAMP (forskolin) and both treatments reduced the growth rate of LNCaP cells. Several cell cycle regulated genes have been identified as cAMP target genes in LNCaP cells and we are currently investigating whether these are PBX target genes. Furthermore, preliminary studies indicate decreased expression of luminal differentiation markers in LNCaP cells transfected with PBX1 siRNA. Based on these preliminary studies, we suggest that PBX1 might play a role in regulation of development and/or progression of prostate cancer, as suggested for other types of cancers, like ovarian and renal cancers. Citation Format: Hakon Ramberg, Ayham Alshbib, Viktor Berge, Wang Wanzhong, Aud Svindland, Kristin Austlid Taskén. Characterization of pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A49.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With a Protein-Losing Enteropathy
Authors: David E. Trentham, Alfonse T. Masi
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Anasarca with pronounced hypoalbuminemia developed in a young woman 15 months after the onset of a mild, arthralgic type of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without evidence of active nephritis. Investigation indicated a gastrointestinal rather than a renal site for protein loss. A full clinical remission was achieved with low-dose corticosteroid therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>236:287-288, 1976)
Subarachnoid haemorrhage: long-term follow-up results of late surgical versus conservative treatment
Authors: M. Kaste, H. Troupp
Journal: BMJ (1978)

During 1964-9, 178 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage from a single intracranial arterial aneurysm were allocated at random to receive operative or conservative treatment at an average of seven weeks after bleeding. During the follow-up fatal rebleeding episodes occurred in six of the 86 patients treated surgically and 16 of the 92 treated conservatively. This difference was significant. Fatal rebleeding occurred on average 40 months after the first episode. Deaths from all causes occurred in 17 of the 86 patients treated surgically and 22 of the 92 treated conservatively. Life-table analysis of the chances of surviving 1, 5, and 11 years gave probabilities of 95 and 91%, 87 and 86%, and 76 and 75% in the two treatment groups respectively. Of the 139 patients alive after a mean follow-up of nine years, 130 (94%) were fully independent in their daily lives, and only 43 (31%) were unable to work. The method of treatment did not affect the quality of survival. The results show that fatal rebleeding may occur even many years after the first episode. Nevertheless, if the patient is in good condition seven weeks after a haemorrhage from a single intracranial arterial aneurysm the outcome is good irrespective of whether operation is performed at this late stage.
IL‐25 regulates the expression of adhesion molecules on eosinophils: mechanism of eosinophilia in allergic inflammation
Authors: P. F. Y. Cheung, C. K. Wong, W. K. Ip, C. W. K. Lam
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Interleukin‐25 (IL‐25) is a novel T‐helper‐2 (Th2) cytokine of the IL‐17 family that plays a key role in allergic inflammation. Recent studies reported that over‐expression of IL‐25 in mouse induces eosinophilia. We investigated the effect of IL‐25 on the expression of several adhesion molecules on human eosinophils and the underlying intracellular mechanisms. Methods: Viability of eosinophils was measured by annexin V‐flourescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay. Gene expression and surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 (CD54), ICAM‐3 (CD50), L‐selectin (CD62L), leukocyte function‐associated antigen (LFA‐1) (CD11a/CD18) and very late antigen‐4 (VLA‐4, CD49d/CD29) on eosinophils were measured by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and flow cytometry, respectively. Adhesion of eosinophils to fibronectin was assessed using the fibronectin‐coated insert system. Results: Viability of eosinophils was significantly enhanced by IL‐25 from 41% to 76% dose‐dependently. IL‐25 could significantly upregulate the surface expression of ICAM‐1, but suppress those of ICAM‐3 and L‐selectin on eosinophils in a dose‐dependent manner. Adhesion of eosinophils to fibronectin was also significantly enhanced by IL‐25. Besides, pre‐incubation with p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580, C‐Jun NH 2 ‐terminal protein kinases (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 and proteosome inhibitor MG‐132 could significantly restrain the effects of IL‐25 on surface expression of L‐selectin, ICAM‐1 and ICAM‐3, respectively, and also on the adhesion of eosinophils onto fibronectin (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest an essential role of IL‐25 in enhancing survival and regulating surface expression of ICAM‐1, ICAM‐3 and L‐selectin on human eosinophils through the activation of p38 MAPK, JNK and nuclear factor (NF)‐ κ B pathways, thereby shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of IL‐25‐induced eosinophilia in allergic inflammation.
Influence du traitement endoscopique premier sur les résultats du traitement chirurgical des pancréatites chroniques calcifiantes
Authors: JB Chaix, I Sielezneff, M Ouaissi, N Pirro, L Heyries, J Sahel, B Sastre
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Cette étude avait pour but – de déterminer les éventuels effets de la mise en place d'une prothèse pancréatique par voie endoscopique sur la survenue de complications chirurgicales postopératoires immédiates – d'apprécier l'effet du traitement endoscopique préopératoire sur les résultats précoces et tardifs des dérivations wirsungo-jéjunales, – déterminer les facteurs prédictifs de récidive douloureuse.
Imaging studies link teenage conduct disorder to brain structure
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Brain scans of teenage boys have shown the existence of anatomical differences between those with and without conduct disorder, in a study carried out by neuroscientists at the University of Cambridge and elsewhere. 

The findings, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry (doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10081184), include the notable discovery of structural differences irrespective of the age of onset of the disorder.

Ian Goodyer, a member of the research team and professor of child and adolescent psychiatry at the university, said, “We cannot any longer assert that brain structure has nothing to do with antisocial behaviour.” …
THE ABUSE OF WATER IN SURGERY.
Authors: EDWIN WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The art of antiseptic and aseptic surgery has advanced with the science of bacteriology. Surgical technique has changed as our knowledge of germ life has advanced. While some observers before Lister seemed to have had a vague idea of the relation between wound infection and microörganisms, to him belongs the credit of putting first the knowledge, scanty as it was, into a distinct shape and to practice antiseptic surgery. He acted on the knowledge at that time and his failures were in a great measure due to the lack of that information we now possess. He supposed the chief source of infection was from the air. Tyndall's observation seemed to prove this, consequently he bent his energies to devise a means of purifying the atmosphere. Only a few years ago, when operating rooms were small and the air was laden with carbolic spray, the operator and patients were deluged with
How to catch a cheat: an editor's perspective on a new age of plagiarism and data manipulation
Authors: Elizabeth A. Martinson, Hans Michael Piper, David Garcia-Dorado
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

With the greater availability in the past decade of software that quickly and efficiently scans the literature for duplication, there has been increased awareness by the public of the issue of plagiarism. A famous, recent case is that of the former German Defense Minister whose doctoral title was revoked because he reportedly plagiarized a large portion of his doctoral thesis. There have been numerous other such text ‘copy-paste’ incidents in other countries as well. Just as readily, it has become easy to manipulate and transfer data from one figure into another, as long as the end product supports the story the author wants to tell. We would like to discuss here the types of cheating we have encountered over the past few years as journal editors and highlight what we think should be done about it.

Some 25 years ago, when we were students and post-docs, we learned that copying the text of others word-for-word was taboo; the ‘P-word’ carried a huge stigma that in most cases was deterrent enough. Besides, the effort involved in copying the text out of the book by hand was almost as much as reformulating it in your own words. Summarizing what we had read and citing the original source was the proper way to do it. Nowadays, however, using …
Combinatorial RNAi Against HIV-1 Using Extended Short Hairpin RNAs
Authors: Ying Poi Liu, Karin Jasmijn von Eije, Nick CT Schopman, Jan-Tinus Westerink, Olivier ter Brake, Joost Haasnoot, Ben Berkhout
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used gene suppression tool that holds great promise as a novel antiviral approach. However, for error-prone viruses including human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1), a combinatorial approach against multiple conserved sequences is required to prevent the emergence of RNAi-resistant escape viruses. Previously, we constructed extended short hairpin RNAs (e-shRNAs) that encode two potent small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (e2-shRNAs). We showed that a minimal hairpin stem length of 43 base pairs (bp) is needed to obtain two functional siRNAs. In this study, we elaborated on the e2-shRNA design to make e-shRNAs encoding three or four antiviral siRNAs. We demonstrate that siRNA production and the antiviral effect is optimal for e3-shRNA of 66 bp. Further extension of the hairpin stem results in a loss of RNAi activity. The same was observed for long hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs) that target consecutive HIV-1 sequences. Importantly, we show that HIV-1 replication is durably inhibited in T cells stably transduced with a lentiviral vector containing the e3-shRNA expression cassette. These results show that e-shRNAs can be used as a combinatorial RNAi approach to target error-prone viruses. RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used gene suppression tool that holds great promise as a novel antiviral approach. However, for error-prone viruses including human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1), a combinatorial approach against multiple conserved sequences is required to prevent the emergence of RNAi-resistant escape viruses. Previously, we constructed extended short hairpin RNAs (e-shRNAs) that encode two potent small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (e2-shRNAs). We showed that a minimal hairpin stem length of 43 base pairs (bp) is needed to obtain two functional siRNAs. In this study, we elaborated on the e2-shRNA design to make e-shRNAs encoding three or four antiviral siRNAs. We demonstrate that siRNA production and the antiviral effect is optimal for e3-shRNA of 66 bp. Further extension of the hairpin stem results in a loss of RNAi activity. The same was observed for long hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs) that target consecutive HIV-1 sequences. Importantly, we show that HIV-1 replication is durably inhibited in T cells stably transduced with a lentiviral vector containing the e3-shRNA expression cassette. These results show that e-shRNAs can be used as a combinatorial RNAi approach to target error-prone viruses.
Leukocyte and serum S100A8/S100A9 expression reflects disease activity in ANCA-associated vasculitis and glomerulonephritis
Authors: Ruth J. Pepper, Sally Hamour, Konstantia-Maria Chavele, Sarah K. Todd, Niels Rasmussen, Shaun Flint, Paul A. Lyons, Kenneth G.C. Smith, Charles D. Pusey, H. Terence Cook, Alan D. Salama
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) commonly results in glomerulonephritis, in which neutrophils and monocytes have important roles. The heterodimer calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9, mrp8/14) is a Toll-like receptor-4 ligand found in neutrophils and monocytes and is elevated in inflammatory conditions. By immunohistochemistry of renal biopsies, patients with focal or crescentic glomerular lesions were found to have the highest expression of calprotectin and those with sclerotic the least. Serum levels of calprotectin as measured by ELISA were elevated in patients with active AAV and the levels decreased but did not normalize during remission, suggesting subclinical inflammation. Calprotectin levels in patients with limited systemic disease increased following treatment withdrawal and were significantly elevated in patients who relapsed compared with those who did not. As assessed by flow cytometry, patients with AAV had higher monocyte and neutrophil cell surface calprotectin expression than healthy controls, but this was not associated with augmented mRNA expression in CD14(+) monocytes or CD16(+) neutrophils. Thus, serum calprotectin is a potential disease biomarker in patients with AAV, and may have a role in disease pathogenesis.