tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Boxing: Does the Size of the Prize Affect the Drain on the Brain?
Authors: David C. Fiore
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Lundberg's fifth, and most recent, Editorial<sup>1</sup>calling for a ban of boxing compels me to reply to 2 major areas of concern: factual and philosophical. I understand and share Dr Lundberg's abhorrence of violence and of needless injury and suffering inflicted on any members of our society. I also believe, however, that as physicians we must be extremely careful not to let our own prejudices and moral stances lead us to unfounded or poorly supported actions. One only needs to recall the abject failure of Prohibition to understand how a "morally right" stance can lead to a "pragmatically wrong" solution. Furthermore, asking physicians to call for the ban of boxing because it is "morally wrong" may be setting a dangerous precedent. What is the next morally wrong activity that we should try to ban? Perhaps abortion, or gay lifestyles, or birth control, or the possession
Chemotherapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer in the Elderly
Authors: Kathy Christman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effect of age on treatment outcome in women with metastatic breast cancer treated with chemotherapy. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-comparison study of patients with metastatic breast cancer treated in five clinical trials of the Piedmont Oncology Association. <h3>Setting.</h3> —University and private practice physicians participating in the Piedmont Oncology Association clinical trials in the southeastern United States. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Seventy patients 70 years of age or older were compared with 60 patients aged 50 through 69 years and 40 patients less than 50 years of age. All patients were ambulatory or capable of self-care, with adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Treatment with multidrug chemotherapy regimens. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Response to treatment, time to disease progression, survival, and toxic effects. <h3>Results.</h3> —Pretreatment characteristics including race, performance status, disease-free interval, prior therapy, sites of metastatic disease, and number and dominant sites of metastases were similar for the three age groups. The response rates for the younger-than-50, 50-through-69, and 70-or-older age groups were 40%, 31%, and 29%, respectively (<i>P</i>=.53). There were no significant differences in time to disease progression or survival for patients in the three age groups. Estimates for time to progression and survival were 9.1 and 17.9 months, 6.2 and 12.8 months, and 7.2 and 14.2 months, respectively. Toxic effects, dose delivery, and dose delays were also similar for all three age groups. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Women 70 years of age or older who were enrolled in these trials were similar to their younger counterparts in response rates, time to disease progression, survival, and toxic effects. Women in this age group should not be excluded, based on age alone, from clinical trials involving chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:57-62)
REAL LIFE USE OF ANTITHROMBOTIC TREATMENT IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REALISEAF REGISTRY
Authors: Habib Gamra, Jose Silva-Cardoso, Jan Murin, James O'Neill, Chern-En Chiang, Ihsen Merioua, Lisa Naditch-Brule, Philippe Gabriel Steg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Activation of sphingosine kinase-1 mediates induction of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids
Authors: G. Yan, S. Chen, B. You, J. Sun
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Recent evidence suggests that the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are products of cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases, possess mitogenic and angiogenic effects in vascular endothelial cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully elucidated. Because sphingosine kinase (SK) and its product S1P play essential roles in cell growth, survival and migration, we hypothesized that SK activation by EETs may mediate some of its angiogenic effects.We studied the effects of EETs on SK activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with EETs, particularly 11,12-EET, markedly augmented SK activity in HUVECs. At the concentration of 1 micromol/L, 11,12-EET increased SK activity by 110% and the maximal effect on SK activation was observed at 20 min after 11,12-EET addition. Furthermore, inhibition of SK by a specific inhibitor, SKI-II, markedly attenuated 11,12-EET-induced EC proliferation. Importantly, 11,12-EET-induced activation of Akt kinase and transactivation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was also inhibited by SKI-II. To investigate the isoform-specific role of SK in EET-induced angiogenesis, inhibition of SK1 by expression of dominant-negative SK1(G82D) substantially attenuated 11,12-EET-induced EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro and Matrigel plug angiogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of SK1 expression by specific siRNA also inhibited 11,12-EET-induced EC proliferation and migration, whereas SK2 siRNA knockdown was without effect.These results suggest that SK1 is an important mediator of the 11,12-EET-induced angiogenic effects in human ECs. Thus, SK1 may represent a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases such as cancer and ischaemia.
Comparison of the Effects of Anoxia and Whole Heart Ischemia on Carbohydrate Utilization in Isolated Working Rat Hearts
Authors: MICHAEL J. ROVETTO, JEFFREY T. WHITMER, JAMES R. NEELY
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

The rates of utilization of glycogen and exogenous glucose by hearts perfused at low coronary flows and high perfusate oxygen tension (ischemia) and by hearts perfused at high coronary flows and low perfusate oxygen tension (anoxia) were studied in the isolated, working rat heart. Ischemic tissue had a glycolytic rate that was 25% of the anoxic rate and 50% of the control rate. Inhibition of carbohydrate utilization during ischemia was due to a lower flux through the glycolytic pathway and not to a lower rate of glucose transport or substrate availability. Insulin and elevated perfusate glucose increased glucose transport and caused accumulation of free intracellular glucose, but ischemia still inhibited glucose utilization. Insulin failed to maintain tissue levels of high-energy phosphates or to prevent mechanical failure in ischemic hearts. In the absence of insulin, tissue lactate increased tenfold during 20 minutes of ischemia, although it increased only threefold in anoxic tissue. The increased tissue lactate in ischemic hearts corresponded to the inhibition of glycolysis and to the failure of mechanical performance. Insulin caused a further increase in tissue lactate during ischemia. These findings illustrate several important differences between anoxia and ischemia and suggest that insulin may be more harmful than it is beneficial in severely ischemic tissue.
Treating hypertension after stroke
Authors: J E O'Connell, C Gray
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Background: GSKJ4, an H3K27 demethylase inhibitor, reportedly exhibits antitumor activity against specific cancers harboring genetic alterations in genes encoding chromatin modulators. However, its potential as an anticancer agent against human cancers not associated with such genetic alterations, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains unknown. Materials and Methods: The effect of GSKJ4 on the growth of three NSCLC cell lines and normal lung fibroblasts was investigated using the WST-8, dye exclusion, and colony formation assays. Results: GSKJ4, alone and in combination with an anti-diabetic drug metformin, induced cell death and inhibited the growth of NSCLC cell lines efficiently at concentrations non-toxic to normal cells, irrespective of their genetic backgrounds (mutations in the KRAS, TP53 and EGFR genes) and also of their resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel. Conclusion: GSKJ4, being a promising anticancer agent for NSCLC, may be effective against a wider spectrum of cancers than previously thought.
RENAL INSUFFICIENCY FOLLOWING TRYPSIN INJECTION INTO THE RENAL ARTERIES
Authors: M. Friedman, L. N. Katz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. The injection of trypsin into both renal arteries of the dog was found to cause an acute necrosis of large sections of the kidney, an immediate excretory insufficiency, and a transient hypertension. 2. Dogs surviving the acute phase of the trypsin injection, developed a chronic renal excretory insufficiency with no hypertension, despite the severity and duration of the renal excretory insufficiency. 3. The application of a Goldblatt clamp to the renal artery of one of the two kidneys, previously injected with trypsin, led to a rise in blood pressure which returned at once to normal when the ischemic kidney was removed, even though the pre-existing renal excretory insufficiency was augmented. This experience demonstrated unequivocally that chronic renal excretory insufficiency and hypertension are not directly related. 4. The application of a Goldblatt clamp to the renal artery of one kidney and the simultaneous injection of trypsin into the other led to a hypertension. The later removal of the ischemic kidney led to a severe renal excretory insufficiency, at the same time the pre-existing hypertension disappeared. This indicated again that renal excretory insufficiency and renal ischemia produced different phenomena and that the former had no direct relation to hypertension.
WHEN SHALL HYSTERECTOMY BE PERFORMED IN PUERPERAL SEPSIS?
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It must be admitted by all observers that too many women die of puerperal fever, even in these antiseptic and aseptic times. Curetting and irrigation with all their modifications are not always effective. Infection gets beyond the reach of the curette. The interior of the uterus becomes clean and relatively well, but the sepsis goes on. In the treatment of infected wounds, one of the first indications is the removal of the infected tissues. Hysterectomy alone in certain cases of puerperal sepsis meets this indication. It is the purpose of this paper to show when hysterectomy should be undertaken for this disease. Incidentally the frequency of the disease and some points in its pathology are treated. <h3>I.—FOUR CASES OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS TREATED BY THE AUTHOR BY FOUR DIFFERENT METHODS.</h3><h3>Case 1.—Curetting and Irrigation only—Death.</h3> —The patient was a multipara 26 years old. She came from an Irish family and had
Captopril induced reversible renal failure: a marker of renal artery stenosis affecting a solitary kidney.
Authors: J H Silas, Z Klenka, S A Solomon, J M Bone
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<b>Objectives:</b> A growing number of epidemiological studies are showing that ambient exposure to particulate matter air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, whether occupational exposure increases this risk is not clear. The aim of the present study was to examine whether occupational exposure to particulate air pollution increases the risk for ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. <b>Methods:</b> The study population was a cohort of 176 309 occupationally exposed Swedish male construction workers and 71 778 unexposed male construction workers. The definition of exposure to inorganic dust (asbestos, man-made mineral fibres, dust from cement, concrete and quartz), wood dust, fumes (metal fumes, asphalt fumes and diesel exhaust) and gases and irritants (organic solvents and reactive chemicals) was based on a job-exposure matrix with focus on exposure in the mid-1970s. The cohort was followed from 1971 to 2002 with regard to mortality to ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Relative risks (RR) were obtained by the person-years method and from Poisson regression models adjusting for baseline values of blood pressure, body mass index, age and smoking habits. <b>Results:</b> Any occupational particulate air pollution was associated with an increased risk for ischemic heart disease (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.19), but there was no increased risk for cerebrovascular disease (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.07). There was an increased risk for ischaemic heart disease and exposure to inorganic dust (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.12) and exposure to fumes (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.10), especially diesel exhaust (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.24). There was no significantly increased risk for cerebrovascular disease and exposure to inorganic dust, fumes or wood dust. <b>Conclusions:</b> Occupational exposure to particulate air pollution, especially diesel exhaust, among construction workers increases the risk for ischaemic heart disease.
Abstract 4424: Roles of the primary bile acid receptor FXR in liver repair and tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhipeng Meng, Xiaoqiong Wang, Wendong Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Bile acids promote processing of dietary fat and regulate glucose homeostasis in liver through its receptor, FXR. In our study, we demonstrate that bile acid/FXR signaling also plays a role in the tissue homeostasis and repair as well as hepatocarcinogenesis. Either decreased bile acid level or loss of FXR leads to impaired liver regeneration after carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury or 70% partial hepatectomy, which indicates that FXR is an essential liver protector by regulating liver cell proliferation and death. Indeed, FXR-/- mice spontaneously develop liver cancer when they are aged due to their chronic liver injury and deregulated repair. In addition, FXR expression is down-regulated in human liver tumors compared with non-tumor regions, and the hepatocarcinogenesis in FXR-/- mice can recapitulate the process of human liver cancer initiation and progression. Therefore, FXR-/- mice provide a unique animal model for liver cancer study. For instance, we generated IFNα-/-FXR-/- mice to clarify the tumor suppressor role of the cytokine IFNα, the function of which was ever under debate. FXR-/- mice can be also used to identify or predict more differentially expressed genes in human liver cancer. For example, we found that one liver-rich miRNA, miR-194, which is down-regulated in the liver tumors of FXR-/- mice, is an important liver epithelial cell marker and prevents cancer metastasis, which has not been described before. In conclusion, ablation of FXR increases susceptibility to liver injury and tumorigenesis, and the FXR-/- mice provide a unique animal model for human liver cancer study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4424. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4424
Platelet Pl <sup>A2</sup> Allele and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Nena Aleksic, Harinder Juneja, Aaron R. Folsom, Chul Ahn, Eric Boerwinkle, Lloyd E. Chambless, Kenneth K. Wu
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The major platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb-IIIa plays a primary role in platelet aggregation and acute thrombus formation at the site of vascular injury. A genetic polymorphism of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (Pl A ) has recently been proposed as a potential genetic factor linking to platelet hyperaggregability and increased risk of myocardial infarction. Despite numerous, mostly nonprospective studies, the role of this polymorphism as a clinically relevant, inherited risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Pl A2 is a risk factor for incident CHD and whether it is correlated with increased platelet activation in a case-cohort study nested within a prospective epidemiologic investigation. Methods and Results —Blood samples were collected and processed from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort at the baseline examination (1987 to 1989). They were stored at −80°C. Pl A1/A2 genotype and plasma β-thromboglobulin levels were determined in 439 incident CHD cases and a reference cohort sample of 544 (of whom 18 were also CHD cases). The prevalence of the Pl A2 allele was not different in cases versus noncases. No significant correlation between CHD risk factors and the Pl A2 allele was noted either. Platelet activation, as measured by plasma β-thromboglobulin levels, was not enhanced in individuals with the Pl A2 allele. Conclusions —This prospective study indicates that healthy individuals carrying the Pl A2 allele do not have an increased risk of CHD.
Analysis of Five Hundred Cases of Labour
Authors: F. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1858)

After the second fit, I procured some tincture of Indian hemup, thirty drops of which, with a small quantity of water, was with difficulty swallowed; but no more was taken, as he was unable to get it down.On my fifth visit to him that day, he was seized with his third severe spasm, the first having occurred eight hours previously.The attack was of short dturation.The pulse, which at its commencement was readily felt, gradually became indistinct, an-d the respirations gasping; and it would be difficult
Recurrence of tuberculosis in a low-incidence setting
Authors: C. C. Dobler, A. B. H. Crawford, P. J. Jelfs, G. L. Gilbert, G. B. Marks
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Recurrence of active tuberculosis following treatment of an initial disease episode can occur due to endogenous re-activation or exogenous re-infection. Cases of recurrent tuberculosis in the Australian state of New South Wales between 1994 and 2006 were identified by data linkage analysis with confirmatory review of case notes. Patients with more than one culture-positive disease episode during that time period who had completed treatment for the initial disease episode were included. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was used to determine whether recurrence was likely to be due to re-activation or re-infection. There were 5,723 tuberculosis notifications between 1994 and 2006, 3,731 of which were culture-positive. Fifteen (0.4%) patients had recurrent culture-positive disease over a mean 5.7 yrs of follow-up (crude annual incidence 71 per 100,000 population). Recurrent tuberculosis was attributable to re-activation (indistinguishable strains) in 11 (73%) cases and to re-infection (different strains) in four (27%). In a low-incidence setting of tuberculosis, a control programme incorporating directly observed therapy for active disease resulted in a very low rate of recurrent tuberculosis over a long period of follow-up. Re-infection is less likely than re-activation, but still contributes significantly to the number of cases with recurrent disease.
Is an aggressive rotablator strategy preferable to a standard rotablator strategy in patients with heavily calcified coronary lesions? a report from the STRATAS trial
Authors: T.A. Bass, D.O. Williams, K.K.L. Ho, B.L. Sharal, R.M. Kipperman, P.S. Glimore, R.E. Kuntz, P.L. Whitiow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Comparison of Left Anterior Oblique, Anterior, and Geometric Mean Methods in Gastric Emptying Assessment of Postpancreaticoduodenectomy Patients
Authors: BABINGTON C-K YUNG, SAMUEL SOSTRE, CHARLES J. YEO, HENRY A. PITT, JOHN L. CAMERON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Although left anterior oblique (LAO) gastric emptying studies appear to be an adequate alternative to geometric mean (GM) measurements in patients with normal gastric anatomy, it is not clear whether they can be used after gastric or duodenal surgery. In this study, dual-phase gastric emptying studies with combined solid-liquid meal were performed in 54 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). Gastric emptying was studied with GM, LAO, and anterior (ANT) methods. T½ and percent gastric retention at 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were calculated. Results from the three methods were compared using correlation analysis and the t test. The t test showed no significant difference in T½ and percent retention values between the GM and LAO or ANT views. The solid emptying T½ showed a better correlation between GM and LAO values (r = 0.824) than between GM and ANT (r = 0.589). For the liquid T½, the reverse was true. Correlation between GM and ANT (r = 0.939) was better than between GM and LAO (r = 0.839); however, both LAO and ANT views correlated well with GM liquid emptying. It is concluded that the LAO view can replace GM gastric emptying methods in postpancreaticoduodenectomy patients for evaluation of both solid and liquid emptying, although the ANT view appears completely adequate for the study of liquid emptying
Abstract 2232: Overexpression of the mu opioid receptor in human non-small cell lung cancer promotes Akt and mTOR activation, tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Frances E. Lennnon, Tamara Mirzapoiazova, Bolot Mambetsariev, Ravi Salgia, Jonathon Moss, Patrick A. Singleton
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Recent epidemiologic studies suggesting that there were differences in cancer recurrence contingent on anesthetic regimens have raised the possibility that mu opioid agonists can influence cancer progression. Based on our previous studies indicating the mu opioid receptor (MOR) is upregulated in several types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), this study examined the functional significance of MOR overexpression to elucidate a possible mechanism for the epidemiologic findings. Methods: Stable vector control (VC) and MOR1 overexpressing human NSCLC bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) cells were evaluated using immunoblot analysis, proliferation and transendothelial extravasation assays with or without Akt inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor (temsirolimus) or the peripheral MOR antagonist, methylnaltrexone (MNTX). In human NSCLC xenograft models, primary tumor growth rates and lung metastasis were analyzed using consecutive tumor volume measurements and nestin immunoreactivity in nude mouse lungs. Results: We provide evidence that MOR is an important regulator of lung cancer progression, a disease with high mortality and few treatment options. MOR overexpression increased Akt and mTOR activation, proliferation and extravasation in human BAC cells. In vivo, overexpression of MOR in BAC increased primary tumor growth rates in nude mice by ∼2.5 fold and lung metastasis by ∼20 fold compared to VC BAC cells. Conclusions: Our overexpression data suggests a possible direct effect of MOR on Akt and mTOR activation and lung cancer progression. Such an effect provides a plausible explanation for the epidemiologic findings. Our observations further suggest that exploration of MOR in NSCLC merits further study both as a diagnostic and therapeutic option. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2232. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2232