tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Manuscript Quality before and after Peer Review and Editing at Annals of Internal Medicine
Authors: Steven N. Goodman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To evaluate the effects of peer review and editing on manuscript quality.Editorial offices of Annals of Internal Medicine.Masked before-after study. MANUSCRIPTS: 111 consecutive original research manuscripts accepted for publication at Annals between March 1992 and March 1993.We used a manuscript quality assessment tool of 34 items to evaluate the quality of the research report, not the quality of the research itself. Each item was scored on a 1 to 5 scale. Forty-four expert assessors unaware of the design or aims of the study evaluated the manuscripts, with different persons evaluating the two versions of each manuscript (before and after the editorial process).33 of the 34 items changed in the direction of improvement, with the largest improvements seen in the discussion of study limitations, generalizations, use of confidence intervals, and the tone of conclusions. Overall, the percentage of items scored three or more increased by an absolute 7.3% (95% CI, 3.3% to 11.3%) from a baseline of 75%. The average item score improved by 0.23 points (CI, 0.07 to 0.39) from a baseline mean of 3.5. Manuscripts rated in the bottom 50% showed two- to threefold larger improvements than those in the top 50%, after correction for regression to the mean.Peer review and editing improve the quality of medical research reporting, particularly in those areas that readers rely on most heavily to decide on the importance and generalizability of the findings.
ON MEDICAL METEOROLOGY
Authors: T. Moffat
Journal: BMJ (1853)

it presented some circumstances worthy of notice, I will relate it.CASE.Henry Godley, aged 23, presented himself, June 17th, with face flushed and eyes suffused, and appeared in a state of great agitation.He breathed with difficulty, and eomplained of intense burning pain in the throat and in the pit of the stomach.He had inquired, it seems, at a chemist's for something to destroy vermin, with which his person was infested.Now, either not receiving sufficiently clear instructions, or mistaking them, he swallowed a drachm of corrosive sublimate dissolved in half a pint of water, instead of using it as a lotion.He vomited imme-
Specific induction of the 70-kD heat stress proteins by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin-A protects rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. A new pharmacological route to stress protein expression?
Authors: S D Morris, D V Cumming, D S Latchman, D M Yellon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Heat shock protein (hsp) induction by stressful stimuli such as heat and ischemia is known to protect cardiac cells from severe stress. The ability to induce hsp's in the heart directly by "nonstressful" means would potentially have important clinical implications. In noncardiac cells, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin-A has been shown to induce the 72-kD hsp. We therefore examined whether herbimycin-A and another tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, could induce 70-kD hsp's in primary cultures of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, and whether these treatments protect against severe stress. Primary cardiomyocytes were incubated with herbimycin-A or genistein. hsp induction was measured 16-20 h later by Western blotting. Cell survival after subsequent lethal heat stress or simulated ischemia was assessed using trypan blue exclusion and released lactate dehydrogenase activity. Our results indicate that, in cardiac cells, herbimycin-A induces 70-kD hsp's but not hsp90, -60, -25, or glucose-regulated protein 78, whereas genistein has no effect on hsp's. Moreover, hsp induction correlated with the ability of herbimycin-A to protect cells against severe stress, whereas genistein has no protective effects. This suggests that herbimycin-A may induce 70-kD hsp's via a tyrosine kinase-independent mechanism. These results indicate the possibility of a pharmacological approach to HSP70 induction and cardiac protection, which may ultimately be of clinical relevance.
Resuscitation After Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation With Use of Monophasic and Biphasic Waveform Pulses for External Defibrillation
Authors: Charles T. Leng, Norman A. Paradis, Hugh Calkins, Ronald D. Berger, Albert C. Lardo, Kenneth C. Rent, Henry R. Halperin
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Survival after prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) appears severely limited by 2 major factors: (1) low defibrillation success rates and (2) persistent post-countershock myocardial dysfunction. Biphasic (BP) waveforms may prove capable of favorably modifying these limitations. However, they have not been rigorously tested against monophasic (MP) waveforms in clinical models of external defibrillation, particularly where rescue from prolonged VF is the general rule.We randomized 26 dogs to external countershocks with either MP or BP waveforms. Hemodynamics were assessed after shocks applied during sinus rhythm, after brief VF (>10 seconds), and after resuscitation from prolonged VF (>10 minutes). Short-term differences in percent change in left ventricular +dP/dt(max) (MP -16+/-28%, BP +9.1+/-24%; P=0.03) and left ventricular -dP/dt(max) (MP -37+/-26%, BP -18+/-20%; P=0.05) were present after rescue from brief VF, with BP animals exhibiting less countershock-induced dysfunction. After prolonged VF, the BP group had lower mean defibrillation thresholds (107+/-57 versus 172+/-88 J for MP, P=0.04) and significantly shorter resuscitation times (397+/-73.7 versus 488+/-74.3 seconds for MP, P=0.03).External defibrillation is more efficacious with BP countershocks than with MP countershocks. The lower defibrillation thresholds and shorter resuscitation times associated with BP waveform defibrillation may improve survival after prolonged VF arrest.
Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Adenoma
Authors: Judith Bourne Rooks
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A case-control study of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), a serious though nonmalignant liver tumor, was conducted by the Center for Disease Control and the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). Interviews with 79 women with HCA and with 220 age- and neighborhood-matched controls were completed. Limited information was obtained on nine additional patients who had died. Women with HCA and hemorrhage have a greater risk of morbidity and death than those with other symptoms. Increasing duration of OC use increases the risk of HCA. Use of OCs with high hormonal potency and age over 30 years may further increase a woman's risk of HCA. Long-term users of OCs have an estimated annual incidence of HCA of 3 to 4 per 100,000. (<i>JAMA</i>242:644-648, 1979)
Essential Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Monophosphoryl Lipid A–Induced Late Cardioprotection
Authors: Lei Xi, Novlet C. Jarrett, Michael L. Hess, Rakesh C. Kukreja
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA), a nontoxic analogue of endotoxin, is a pharmacological agent that is known to have anti-ischemic effects. Mechanisms involved with the cardioprotection are still unclear. A role for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was recently proposed. We tested this hypothesis using S -methylisothiourea (SMT), one of the specific pharmacological inhibitors of iNOS, as well as iNOS gene knockout mice. Methods and Results —Adult male ICR or B6,129 mice were pretreated with either MLA 35 or 350 μg/kg IP (MLA35 or MLA350) or vehicle 24 hours before global ischemia/reperfusion, which was carried out in a Langendorff isolated perfused heart model (n=8 to 9 per group). Another group of MLA350 mice received SMT 3 mg/kg IP 30 minutes before heart perfusion. Ventricular contractile function and heart rate were not different between the groups during the preischemia and reperfusion periods ( P &gt;0.05). Preischemic basal coronary flow was significantly increased in all MLA350 but not MLA35 mice. Myocardial infarct size was reduced significantly, from 26.9±2.9% of risk area in vehicle-treated mice to 13.5±2.4% in the MLA350 group (mean±SEM, P &lt;0.05). This reduction in infarct size was accompanied by augmented nitrite/nitrate accumulation, from 0.23±0.05 nmol/mg protein in the vehicle group to 0.97±0.27 nmol/mg protein in MLA350 mice ( P &lt;0.01). Infarct size increased significantly, to 22.2±2.8% after treatment with SMT in the MLA350 group. Furthermore, MLA350 failed to reduce infarct size in iNOS knockout mice (25.5±3.6%). Conclusions —These results demonstrate a direct association of infarct size reduction with increased NO production with MLA350. An obligatory role for iNOS in mediating the cardioprotective effect induced by MLA was confirmed with the pharmacological inhibition and gene knockout mice.
Endometrial Cancer and Estrogen Use
Authors: Carlos M. F. Antunes, Paul D. Stolley, Neil B. Rosenshein, Joan L. Davies, James A. Tonascia, Charles Brown, Lonnie Burnett, Ann Rutledge, Merle Pokempner, Rafael Garcia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Our case-control study of the relation between estrogen use and endometrial cancer involved 451 cases and 888 controls. The overall risk of endometrial carcinoma was sixfold for estrogen users as compared with nonusers; long-term users (greater than five years) had a 15-fold risk. Excess risk was present for both diethylstilberstrol and conjugated estrogens. The risk associated with cyclic use was as great as that for continuous use. Increased risk was associated with estrogen use for all histologic grades of the tumor. The risk of advanced-stage carcinoma was fourfold for estrogen users, but rhe confidence interval was wide, and this question requires further study. Finally, this investigation contradicts the speculation that the association between this cancer and estrogen use can be explained by swifter diagnosis for estrogen users, misclassification of estrogen-related hyperplasia or treatment of early symptoms of the tumor with estrogen.Comparing cases of endometrial cancer (EC) (451) to matched hospital controls (888), the estimated risk of EC associated with estrogen (E) use in this large-scale study was 6, with a 95% confidence interval of 3.7-9.7; this figure jumped to 15 for long-term E users ( 5 years). The case-control study found that excess risk was present for both diethylstilbestrol and conjugated Es. Cancer risk was associated about equally with cyclic and continuous dosage regimens, and all histologic grades of tumors were associated with increased risk with E use. For State I tumors, all 3 histological grades ("well-differentiated"-"poorly differentiated") were found with E use. The relative risk of advanced-stage carcinoma was 4 for E users, but the confidence interval was wide, and this question remains unclear. Questions of methodology are addressed which apply to all studies of E use and EC; these include suspicions that women under treatment with E receive swifter diagnoses of carcinoma, the misclassification of E-related hyperplasia, and the treatment of early symptoms of the tumor with E.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in Wegener's granulomatosis.
Authors: T Jaspan, A M Davison, W C Walker
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Wegener's granulomatosis is a disease characterised by nec- rotising granulomatous angiitis of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, a necrotising glomerulonephritis, and a diffuse small vessel vasculitis that may affect almost any organ system.' Various pulmonary lesions have been described, but pneumothorax has seldom been mentioned.We report a patient who developed a spontaneous pneu- mothorax with a bronchopleural fistula and pyopneumo- thorax.So far as we are aware this complication has been recorded only once.2
P504Critical role IL-37 to ameliorate endotoxemic cardiac depression in aging mice: a critical role of suppression cardiodepressant cytokines
Authors: HS Slimani, Z Yufeng, NG Yousif, L Ao, D Fullerton, C Dinarello, X Meng
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Figure: Aging IL-37 Tg mice LV function
Velaglucerase alfa enzyme replacement therapy compared with imiglucerase in patients with Gaucher disease
Authors: Hadhami Ben Turkia, Derlis E. Gonzalez, Norman W. Barton, Ari Zimran, Madhulika Kabra, Elena A. Lukina, Pilar Giraldo, Isaac Kisinovsky, Ashish Bavdekar, Marie‐Françoise Ben Dridi, Neerja Gupta, Priya S. Kishnani, E.K. Sureshkumar, Nan Wang, Eric Crombez, Kiran Bhirangi, Atul Mehta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease (GD) has been available since 1991. This study compared the efficacy and safety of velaglucerase alfa with imiglucerase, the previous standard of care. A 9-month, global, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study compared velaglucerase alfa with imiglucerase (60 U/kg every other week) in treatment-naïve patients aged 3-73 years with anemia and either thrombocytopenia or organomegaly. The primary endpoint was the difference between groups in mean change from baseline to 9 months in hemoglobin concentration. 35 patients were randomized: 34 received study drug (intent-to-treat: 17 per arm), 20 were splenectomized. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. The per-protocol population included 15 patients per arm. The mean treatment difference for hemoglobin concentration from baseline to 9 months (velaglucerase alfa minus imiglucerase) was 0.14 and 0.16 g/dL in the intent-to-treat and per-protocol populations, respectively. The lower bound of the 97.5% one-sided confidence interval in both populations lay within the pre-defined non-inferiority margin of -1.0 g/dL, confirming that velaglucerase alfa is non-inferior to imiglucerase. There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary endpoints. Most adverse events were mild to moderate. No patient receiving velaglucerase alfa developed antibodies to either drug, whereas four patients (23.5%) receiving imiglucerase developed IgG antibodies to imiglucerase, which were cross-reactive with velaglucerase alfa in one patient. This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of velaglucerase alfa compared with imiglucerase in adult and pediatric patients with GD clinically characterized as Type 1. Differences in immunogenicity were also observed.
MRSA Defenses Found
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obesity and depression or anxiety
Authors: E. Atlantis, R. D Goldney, G. A Wittert
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Clinicians should be aware that the association can occur in both directions

Obesity and common mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression, independently account for a substantial proportion of the global burden of disease and its associated economic costs, so it is important to determine the interaction between the two conditions. In the linked prospective cohort study (British Whitehall Study II; doi:10.1136/bmj.b3765), Kivimaki and colleagues looked for a bidirectional association between obesity and common mental disorders.1 Between 1985 and 1988, they recruited civil servants who were aged 35-55 years at baseline and studied them in three waves over 19 years. They found that common mental disorders were associated with an increased risk of obesity, and that the risk of obesity increased with the number of episodes of depression or anxiety. In contrast, they found weaker non-significant associations between obesity and the risk of common mental disorders.

Kivimaki and colleagues’ findings are consistent with previous cohort studies showing that baseline depression or anxiety predict obesity,2 3 4 but …
Family Assessment and Linguistic Interaction: Analysis of the Camberwell Family Interview
Authors: Paolo Bertrando, Cinzia Bressi, Massimo Clerici, Luisa Cunteri, Carlo L. Cazzullo
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

Expressed Emotion (EE) is a form of assessment of the family environment: it is highly reliable and has proved to be predictive for symptomatologic relapse with schizophrenic subjects. Rating is obtained by offering to relatives living with the schizophrenic patient a structured interview, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI). In the present study we will undertake a linguistic analysis (with quantitative and semantic evaluation) of 16 CFI, in order to detect communication parameters likely to be correlated with basic EE categories (high and low EE). The results obtained demonstrate that high EE relatives show a more immediate response style and a greater amount of speech. Moreover, these subjects tend to neglect their task during the interview, starting in most cases a self-referred communication.
Finding Value in Medicine
Authors: Harrison J. Alter
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Social-psychological evidence for the effective updating of implicit attitudes
Authors: Thomas C. Mann, Jeremy Cone, Melissa J. Ferguson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract Recent findings in social psychology show how implicit affective responses can be changed, leading to strong, fast, and durable updating. This work demonstrates that new information viewed as diagnostic or which prompts reinterpretations of previous learning produces fast revision, suggesting two factors that might be leveraged in clinical settings. Reconsolidation provides a plausible route for making such reasoning possible.
The relationship between tumour NF-kB expression, hormone status and survival in primary invasive breast cancer.
Authors: CT Tannahill, C Obondo, S Tovey, C Orange, JD Doughty, CR Wilson, TG Cooke, DC McMillan, J Edwards
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4041 Breast cancer is one of the most common and lethal malignancies in the UK. Conventionally, prognosis is based on hormone status, tumours size, grade and lymph node involvement. We have recently observed that NF-kB expression and activation was associated with progesterone receptor (PR) expression irrespective of oestrogen receptor (ER) status in primary invasive breast cancer (Tannahill et al., unpublished observations). The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between NF-kB, PR and survival in a selected cohort of ER positive tamoxifen treated primary invasive breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Immunohistochemistry was performed on 372 breast tumours, with full clinicopathological characteristics. Antibodies were directed total NF-kB and NF-kB phosphorylated at serine 536 (phospho NF-kB). Two observers independently scored expression using the weighted histoscore technique, and grouped expression as tertiles. There was a minimum follow-up period of 4.9 years and a median follow-up of 6.8 years. During follow-up 104 patients died, 65 of which died of their disease, 96 patients recurred, 70 of which was while on tamoxifen.&amp;#x2028; Nuclear NF-kB, either total or phosphorylated, expression was not associated with recurrence or survival. However, when the cohort was subdivided into PR positive (n=220) and PR negative tumours (n=140), increased nuclear phospho NF-kB expression was associated with increased recurrence (p&amp;lt;0.05) and increased recurrence on tamoxifen therapy (p&amp;lt;0.05) in PR positive tumours. In contrast, increased nuclear phospho NF-kB expression was associated with decreased recurrence (p&amp;lt;0.05) and decreased recurrence on tamoxifen therapy (p&amp;lt;0.05) in PR negative tumours.&amp;#x2028; The results of the present study suggest that the effect of nuclear expression of phospho NF-kb on outcome in ER positive primary invasive breast cancer is dependent on PR status. The study highlights the importance of patient selection for the evaluation of the use of NF-kb inhibitors in patients with breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4041.
Reproductive tract tumours in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Authors: S. Yamazaki, I. Katayama, H. Yokozeki, K. Nishioka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Reproductive tract tumours in Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome Get access S. Yamazaki, S. Yamazaki Department of Dermatology Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1‐5–45, Yushima Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, Japan 115 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Katayama, I. Katayama Department of Dermatology Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1‐5–45, Yushima Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, Japan 115 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Yokozeki, H. Yokozeki Department of Dermatology Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1‐5–45, Yushima Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, Japan 115 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Nishioka K. Nishioka Department of Dermatology Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1‐5–45, Yushima Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, Japan 115 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 4, 1 April 1993, Pages 466–467, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00216.x Published: 01 April 1993
Omalizumab Downregulates the Expression of CD23 (FceRII) on Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells (HBSMC) in Vitro
Authors: M.R. Streck, J. Tole, R.K. Gandhi, T.M. Loun, C.W. Stewart, D.B. Lew
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Ampicillin Levels in Human Bile in the Presence of Biliary Tract Disease
Authors: P. R. Mortimer, D. B. Mackie, S. Haynes
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Ampicillin levels were measured in the serum and in the bile from both the gall bladder and the common bile duct in patients undergoing surgery for biliary tract diseases. In patients with radiologically non-functioning gall bladders ampicillin was either not present or its concentration was lower than normal. Therapeutic levels were present in the common bile duct of all patients except those with obstruction of the common bile duct. Hence ampicillin fails appreciably to penetrate the obstructed viscus in obstructive biliary tract disease, and it is unlikely to be effective in treating infection associated with this.