tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective survey of performance of medical students during preclinical years.
Authors: I C McManus, P Richards
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The performance during the preclinical course of 517 students who had applied to this medical school for admission in 1981 and who had been accepted by the school or by another British medical school was analysed in relation to variables measured at the time of application to find factors that predicted success in the preclinical course, whether students chose to take an intercalated degree, and the class achieved in the intercalated degree. Thirty one of the 507 students who entered medical school withdrew from the course or failed their examinations; these students were particularly likely not to have an A level in a biological science. O level grades were of minimal predictive value for performance during the preclinical course. A level grades discriminated between successful and unsuccessful students but had too low a specificity or sensitivity to be of use in individual prediction. Mature entrants performed better overall than school leavers. Background variables accounted for only 14.2% of the variance in performance, implying that motivation and personality may be more important in determining performance. The 80 students who chose to take an intercalated degree were more likely to be men and not to be mature entrants; for a further 50 students intercalated degrees were obligatory. Performance in the intercalated degree related to performance during the preclinical course and to assessments made at the selection interview but not to achievement at O or A level.
Hunterian Lecture ON ULCERS NEW AND OLD: JEJUNAL FOR DUODENAL ULCERS: Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons, February 4th, 1916
Authors: J. Bland-Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1916)

ABOUT fifty years ago tlhe clironic duodenal ulcer was recognized as a clinical entity, and its treatment remained for many years in tile province 6f-the plhysician.Opera- tions wrereperformed for tle relief of duodenal ulceration by Codivilla (1893), Dean (1894), and Duinn (1895).In the first decade of tile present century WV.J. Mayo, Mayo Robson, Moynilhan, Paterson, and Slierren, and others opened up a new field of surgical enterprise.We cchronic ulcer of tile duodenum is a common lesion;for some undis- covered reason, the nicer, in tll majority of in- 7''', " stances, is situ- ated within 2 cm;. of theo pylorus, and, as a rule, 0Ol the anterior !>
Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: systematic review
Authors: David Ogilvie, Matt Egan, Val Hamilton, Mark Petticrew
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To assess what interventions are effective in promoting a population shift from using cars towards walking and cycling and to assess the health effects of such interventions. <b>Data sources</b> Published and unpublished reports in any language identified from electronic databases, bibliographies, websites, and reference lists. <b>Review methods</b> Systematic search and appraisal to identify experimental or observational studies with a prospective or controlled retrospective design that evaluated any intervention applied to an urban population or area by measuring outcomes in members of the local population. <b>Results</b> 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found some evidence that targeted behaviour change programmes can change the behaviour of motivated subgroups, resulting (in the largest study) in a shift of around 5% of all trips at a population level. Single studies of commuter subsidies and a new railway station also showed positive effects. The balance of best available evidence about publicity campaigns, engineering measures, and other interventions suggests that they have not been effective. Participants in trials of active commuting experienced short term improvements in certain measures of health and fitness, but we found no good evidence on effects on health of any effective intervention at population level. <b>Conclusions</b> The best available evidence of effectiveness in promoting a modal shift is for targeted behaviour change programmes, but the social distribution of their effects is unclear and some other types of intervention have yet to be rigorously evaluated.
Neuropeptide Exocytosis Involving Synaptotagmin-4 and Oxytocin in Hypothalamic Programming of Body Weight and Energy Balance
Authors: Guo Zhang, Hua Bai, Hai Zhang, Camin Dean, Qiang Wu, Juxue Li, Sara Guariglia, Qingyuan Meng, Dongsheng Cai
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Expression of skeletal but not cardiac Na+ channel isoform preserves normal conduction in a depolarized cardiac syncytium
Authors: Lev Protas, Wen Dun, Zhiheng Jia, Jia Lu, Annalisa Bucchi, Sindhu Kumari, Ming Chen, Ira S. Cohen, Michael R. Rosen, Emilia Entcheva, Richard B. Robinson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Reentrant arrhythmias often develop in the setting of myocardial infarction and ensuing slow propagation. Increased Na+ channel expression could prevent or disrupt reentrant circuits by speeding conduction if channel availability is not limited by membrane depolarization within the diseased myocardium. We therefore asked if, in the setting of membrane depolarization, action potential (AP) upstroke and normal conduction can be better preserved by the expression of a Na+ channel isoform with altered biophysical properties compared to the native cardiac Na+ channel isoform, namely having a positively shifted, voltage-dependent inactivation. The skeletal Na+ channel isoform (SkM1) and the cardiac Na+ channel isoform (Nav1.5) were expressed in newborn rat ventricular myocyte cultures with a point mutation introduced in Nav1.5 to increase tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitivity so native and expressed currents could be distinguished. External K+ was increased from 5.4 to 10 mmol/L to induce membrane depolarization. APs, Na+ currents, and conduction velocity (CV) were measured. In control cultures, elevated K+ significantly reduced AP upstroke (∼75%) and CV (∼25%). Expression of Nav1.5 did not protect AP upstroke from K+ depolarization. In contrast, in SkM1 expressing cultures, high K+ reduced AP upstroke <50% and conduction was not significantly reduced. In a simulated anatomical reentry setting (using a void), the angular velocity (AV) of induced reentry was faster and the excitable gap shorter in SkM1 cultures compared to control for both normal and high K+. Expression of SkM1 but not Nav1.5 preserves AP upstroke and CV in a K+-depolarized syncytium. The higher AV and shorter excitable gap observed during reentry excitation around a void in SkM1 cultures would be expected to facilitate reentry self-termination. SkM1 Na+ channel expression represents a novel gene therapy for the treatment of reentrant arrhythmias.
Acute lung function responses to ambient acid aerosol exposures in children.
Authors: M E Raizenne, R T Burnett, B Stern, C A Franklin, J D Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

We examined the relationship between lung function changes and ambient acid aerosol episodes in children attending a residential summer camp. Young females (112) performed daily spirometry, and 96 were assessed on one occasion for airway hyperresponsiveness using a methacholine bronchoprovocation test. Air quality measurements were performed on site and four distinct acid aerosol episodes were observed during the 41-day study. The maximum values observed during the 41-day study were: O3 at 143 ppb; H2SO4 at 47.7 micrograms/m3; and [H+] at 550 nmole/m3. Maximum decrements of 3.5 and 7% for FEV1 and PEF, respectively, were observed to be associated with the air pollution episodes. There was some evidence of a differential lung function response to the episodes where children with a positive response to a methacholine challenge had larger decrements compared to their nonresponsive counterparts.
Abstract 3682: Response of biomarkers of inflammation (IL-8,TNF-α, sTNFRI &amp; II) to cruciferous vegetable feeding in a controlled diet study in humans: Effects of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes
Authors: Sandi L. Navarro, Yvonne Schwarz, Xiaoling Song, Ching-Yun Wang, Chu Chen, Johanna W. Lampe
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Isothiocyanates (ITC) in cruciferous vegetables modulate several signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis, including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), a transcription factor and central mediator in the generation of inflammation. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)M1 &amp; GSTT1 metabolize ITC; genotypic differences in biologic response to cruciferous vegetable intake, and variation in ITC pharmacokinetics have been reported. Previously, we found reduced serum IL-6 and CRP concentrations in response to cruciferous (broccoli family) and apiaceous (carrot family) vegetable feeding compared to a basal diet in a randomized, crossover trial. Reductions were most marked among individuals with a GSTM1-null genotype. Here, we extend our panel of biomarkers in this intervention to include serum interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and soluble TNF receptors I &amp; II (sTNFRI &amp; II). We tested whether supplementation of cruciferous or apiaceous vegetables alters serum concentrations of these markers, and whether this response is GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype-dependent. Men (n=26) and women (n=30), 20-40 y, ate four 14-day controlled diets – basal (fruit &amp;vegetable-free), basal + two doses of crucifers (single &amp; double “dose”), and single-dose cruciferous + apiaceous vegetables – fed per kg body weight. Fasting bloods from days 0 &amp; 14 of each period were analyzed for serum inflammatory markers (IL-8 &amp; TNF-a using the High Sensitivity Human Cytokine Panel, sTNFRs using the Human Soluble Cytokine Receptor Panel, Millipore). In this healthy population, we observed no overall reduction in any of the current biomarkers in response to vegetable supplementation. However, similarly to what we observed with IL-6 and CRP, both sTNFRI &amp; II were lower at day 14 on the double-dose cruciferous vegetable diet among GSTM1-null individuals (P=0.006 &amp; 0.007, respectively). NF-kB is one regulator of these inflammatory markers; but overlap with other pro-inflammatory pathways that may be differently regulated by diet, e.g., STAT3, may preclude observation of an effect. Such diet interventions may be more effective in populations with higher circulating inflammation biomarkers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3682. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3682
Use of dominant negative mutants of the hepadnaviral core protein as antiviral agents
Authors: P Scaglioni, M Melegari, M Takahashi, J R Chowdhury, J Wands
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of acute and chronic liver diseases. We have recently described HBV and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) dominant negative (DN) core mutants that were capable of inhibiting wild–type viral replication by 95%. These mutants may represent a potent class of antiviral agents that act as “intracellular immunogens.” To facilitate their potential use in animal model systems, we now have studied the duck HBV (DHBV) and placed the DN mutant constructs in recombinant retroviral and adenoviral expression vectors. Transient expression of the DHBV molecular equivalent of the WHV and HBV DN constructs inhibited wild–type DHBV replication by 98%. Recombinant retroviral and adenoviral vectors containing the HBV and DHBV DN complementary DNAs (cDNAs) were used to transiently and stably transduce hepatoma–derived cell lines constitutively expressing replicating wild–type virus. These investigations show that the DN core mutants were powerful inhibitors of HBV and DHBV replication when delivered intracellularly and appear as promising antiviral agents for gene therapy of persistent viral infection of the liver.
Health minister rebuts accusation over NHS star ratings
Authors: C. Laurent
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The row over late changes to the 2002 star ratings of “high profile” NHS trusts gathered momentum last week as health minister John Reid faced down allegations in the House of Commons.

Tim Yeo, shadow health and education secretary, called for an inquiry into the allegations that the former health secretary, Alan Milburn, had authorised last minute changes to the 2002 star ratings for several trusts.

But Mr Reid said the NHS chief executive, Nigel Crisp, had written to Liam Fox, the Conservative party chairman, saying he was “satisfied that no changes were made to the methodology …
(27) Pigmented eczema and malaabsorption
Authors: J.A. Carruthers, G.C. Wells
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article (27) Pigmented eczema and malaabsorption Get access J.A. Carruthers, J.A. Carruthers St Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.C. Wells G.C. Wells St Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Pages 78–79, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12529.x Published: 01 July 1974
STUDIES OF MOUSE POLYOMA VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Isadore Brodsky, Wallace P. Rowe, Janet W. Hartley, William T. Lane
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Mouse polyoma virus was stored at 4 degrees and -60 degrees C. for 8 weeks without any loss in hemagglutination or infectivity titer; storage at 37 degrees for 8 weeks reduced infectivity titer by approximately 2.5 log(10) units. Repeated freezing and thawing of infectious tissue culture fluid had no effect on virus titer. The stability of the virus to storage for 1 week at 4 degrees C. was unaffected by suspension of infected tissue culture fluid in saline, demineralized distilled water, or 5 per cent horse serum in Eagle's basal medium. Heating the virus for 30 minutes at 60 degrees C. had no effect on infectivity and hemagglutination titers. Heating at 65 degrees C. for 30 minutes produced a 3 log unit loss of infectivity and a 4-fold decline in HA titer, and heating at 70 degrees C. for 30 minutes usually produced complete inactivation of infectivity and HA. The virus was resistant to ultraviolet irradiation; ultraviolet irradiation for 2 hours caused a 4 log unit decrease in infectivity titer without affecting the HA titer. The virus was resistant to exposure to 2 per cent phenol and 50 per cent ethyl alcohol but was inactivated by 100 per cent ethyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol-iodine mixtures. Lyophilization had no effect on the stability of the virus.
Laparoscopic skills performance with stereoscopic vision as compared to the standard laparoscopic vision: A randomised control study
Authors: Badriya S. Alaraimi, Shah-Jalal Sarker, Walid S. Elbakbak, Sundus Makkiyah, Ahmad Al-Marzouq, Richie G. Goriparthi, Bijendra Patel
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Neuropathic Beriberi and Carbamazepine
Authors: William Paul Skelton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1988Neuropathic Beriberi and CarbamazepineWilliam Paul Skelton III, MDWilliam Paul Skelton III, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-7-598 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Chronic neuropathic beriberi is a painful and persistent form of nerve dysfunction affecting 1 in 30 persons with beriberi. In the United States, most cases are seen in immigrants from the Far East or in former U.S. prisoners of war held in Asia. Both groups subsisted on a diet consisting primarily of polished rice, which is practically devoid of thiamine. The characteristic pathologic change in neuropathic beriberi is axonal degeneration, with destruction of both the axon and the myelin sheath; in addition, variable amounts of segmental demyelination may occur (1). The distal fibers of the longest and...References1. TakahashiNakamura KH. Axonal degeneration in beriberi neuropathy. Arch Neurol. 1976;33:836-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. GillBell GD. Persisting nutritional neuropathy amongst former war prisoners. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982;45:861-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Hong C. Electrodiagnostic findings of persisting polyneuropathies due to previous nutritional deficiency in former prisoners of war. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1986;26:351-63. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Sweet W. The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:174-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BadaCerveraPadro JCL. Carbamazepine for amyloid neuropathy [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1977;296:396. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William Paul SkeltonIII, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNeuromyocardite aiguë du béribéri par régime alimentaire exclusif.Une observationThiamine deficiency neuropathy 1 October 1988Volume 109, Issue 7Page: 598-599KeywordsBeriberiDietNervesThiamine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
927 Leflunomide protects from T cell-mediated liver injury in mice
Authors: M NAGAKI, M IMOSE, K KIMURA, T NAIKI, Y OSAWA, A SUETSUGU, T ASANO, S TAKAI, H HAYASHI, T KATO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Recently, multiple genetic associations have been found between genes involved in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or other autoimmune diseases. This study was undertaken to replicate some of these associations and further test for genetic interactions among these genes in SLE in a Chinese population. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NFKB1, REL, inhibitor of κB-like (IκBL), IκB kinase β (IKBKB), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), tumor necrosis factor a-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) were genotyped in 898 Chinese patients with SLE and 988 healthy controls by Sequenom MassArray technology. Single-marker genetic association analysis was performed, and additive and multiplicative interactions were analyzed. Associations of TNFAIP3 rs2230926 (p = 1.43 × 10−3) and TNIP1 rs10036748 (p = 4.33 × 10−3) with SLE were replicated in our study. Two other SNPs, NFKB1 rs28362491 and IκBL rs2071592, showed nominal evidence for association (p = 4.70 × 10−2 and p = 5.90 × 10−3, respectively) but these were not significant after applying Bonferroni correction. Additive interaction analysis revealed significant interaction between NFKB1 rs28362491 and TNFAIP3 rs2230926 (RERI = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.02–1.93; AP = 43.2%, 95%CI = 0.12–0.74). Significant multiplicative interaction was observed between NFKB1 rs28362491 and TNIP1 rs3792783 (p = 0.03). Our results provide evidence for gene–gene interactions, which further support the important role of NF-κB signaling pathway in the genetic basis of SLE and the notion of genetic interactions accounting for missing heritability.
Ascending Aorta-Right Pulmonary Artery Anastomosis
Authors: J. A. WALDHAUSEN, S. FRIEDMAN, G. F. O. TYERS, W. J. RASHKIND, E. PETRY, W. W. MILLER
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The results of ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis in 35 patients are reported. The patients ranged in age from 18 hours to 12 years; 16 were less than 12 months old. Seventeen had tetralogy of Fallot, six had pulmonary atresia and a ventricular septal defect, and eight had tricuspid atresia with hypoplasia of the right ventricle. In six infants under 4 months of age with tricuspid atresia, an atrial septal defect was made by the balloon catheter technique prior to the shunt operation. Four patients initially required digitalis for left heart failure. Three patients died in the postoperative period. The remaining 32 patients have been followed up to 3 years and have done well and maintained adequate shunts.
Recent research on the causes of Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: I. J. Deary, L. J. Whalley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

In the longer term, however, midwives have to face a more important question.Do they want their profession to be regulated by disciplinary procedures designed primarily for nurses?Midwives are practitioners in their own right.Doctors are not governed by firm rules, and the General Medical Council recognises the importance of individual judgment in clinical matters.Though the midwives' rules should remain, at least for the time being, the midwives' disciplinary system should be seen to recognise how delicate the interpretation of these rules may be.The high court, which hears appeals against UKCC decisions, should not be the forum in which midwives regulate themselves.A separate disciplinary system for midwives that recognises their status as practitioners may be the best way to avoid further damaging public disputes.
Foreign Physicians In the United States
Authors: C. Alex Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  While endorsing Long's good recommendations for the training of foreign physicians in the United States ( 217 :688, 1971), I do want to raise a question about the 1966 data that he cites in his article for drawing the conclusion that 80% of foreign physicians came from developing countries receiving direct United States Foreign Aid. Unfortunately, Long does not give the source of his data.  The AMA's recent publication entitled The Profile of Medical Practice—1971 indicates that of the 53,552 foreign physicians in the United States on Dec 31, 1969, over 24,000 (45%) came from European countries, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel, countries that are classified as developed. Physicians from Asia, the Far East, Middle East, and Africa (excluding South Africa), number about 20,000 or 38% of the total. Physicians from Latin American countries comprised 17% of the total. As of Dec 31, 1969, the United
Studies on Digitalis
Authors: EUGENE BRAUNWALD, EDWIN C. BROCKENBROUGH, ROBERT L. FRYE
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The acute hemodynamic effects of 0.50 to 0.75 mg. ouabain were studied in six patients with valvular aortic stenosis and in four patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Left atrial and left ventricular pressures were determined by means of transseptal left heart catheterization and cardiac output was measured by the indicator-dilution technic. In the patients with valvular aortic stenosis, ouabain either improved left ventricular function or had no discernible effect on it, but in no patient was left ventricular function depressed. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure fell slightly or remained unchanged, while cardiac output rose in two of four patients. In the patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and mean left atrial pressure rose significantly following ouabain administration; cardiac output either fell or remained unchanged and the systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the brachial artery rose. These actions of ouabain in hypertrophic subaortic stenosis are considered to result from a sustained increase in left ventricular contractile force that increased the obstruction produced by the muscular outflow tract.