tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Irradiation and Contaminated Meat
Authors: Michael F. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Assistant Secretary Philip R. Lee lauded the ability of irradiation to reduce foodborne illness,<sup>1</sup>but he failed to acknowledge the potential risks to workers and the environment that would result from widespread use of irradiation by poultry processors and others. He also ignored irradiation-induced vitamin losses. Instead of installing irradiation facilities at meat and poultry slaughterhouses and packinghouses, the US Food and Drug Administration and Department of Agriculture should require good manufacturing practices (hazard analysis and critical control points) and establish microbiological standards to ensure the safety of our food supply. Not only would that be more acceptable to many consumers, it could also be less expensive. In the short run, US Department of Agriculture estimates that irradiation could add as much as 10 cents per pound to the cost of meat (oral communication, Tanya Roberts, Economic Research Service, July 16,1994). Estimates for on-site cobalt 60
Aggravated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Basis for Enhanced Glioblastoma Cell Killing by Bortezomib in Combination with Celecoxib or Its Non-Coxib Analogue, 2,5-Dimethyl-Celecoxib
Authors: Adel Kardosh, Encouse B. Golden, Peter Pyrko, Jasim Uddin, Florence M. Hofman, Thomas C. Chen, Stan G. Louie, Nicos A. Petasis, Axel H. Schönthal
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) is known to trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the accumulation of obsolete and damaged proteins. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib (Celebrex) causes ER stress through a different mechanism (i.e., by causing leakage of calcium from the ER into the cytosol). Each of these two mechanisms has been implicated in the anticancer effects of the respective drug. We therefore investigated whether the combination of these two drugs would lead to further increased ER stress and would enhance their antitumor efficacy. With the use of human glioblastoma cell lines, we show that this is indeed the case. When combined, bortezomib and celecoxib triggered elevated expression of the ER stress markers GRP78/BiP and CHOP/GADD153, caused activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and ER stress-associated caspase-4, and greatly increased apoptotic cell death. Small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of the protective ER chaperone GRP78/BiP further sensitized the tumor cells to killing by the drug combination. The contribution of celecoxib was independent of the inhibition of COX-2 because a non-coxib analogue of this drug, 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), faithfully and more potently mimicked these combination effects in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results show that combining bortezomib with celecoxib or DMC very potently triggers the ER stress response and results in greatly increased glioblastoma cytotoxicity. We propose that this novel drug combination should receive further evaluation as a potentially effective anticancer therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(3):843–51]
How the left and right sides of the heart, as well as pulmonary venous drainage, adapt to an increasing degree of head-up tilting in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: differences from the normal heart
Authors: Marco Guazzi, Anna Maltagliati, Gloria Tamborini, Fabrizio Celeste, Mauro Pepi, Manuela Muratori, Marco Berti, Maurizio D. Guazzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
THE RELATION OF THE RATE OF ABSORPTION OF ADRENALIN TO ITS GLYCOSURIC AND DIURETIC EFFECTS
Authors: Israel S. Kleiner, S. J. Meltzer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

Subcutaneous injections of adrenalin are, in contrast with its behavior in the production of the other effects of that drug, more favorable to the production of glycosuria in rabbits than intramuscular injections; the failures are fewer and the quantities of dextrose in the urine are generally larger. In general, as regards the stimulation of diuresis by adrenalin, a subcutaneous injection exerts generally a greater effect than an intramuscular one. Subcutaneous injections of a certain dose of adrenalin distributed over several areas are far less effective than the administration of that dose in a single injection; they fail frequently to produce any glycosuria, the quantity of dextrose in the urine, when present, being less, and the quantity of urine being generally diminished. Apparently the more slowly the injected adrenalin reaches the blood, the greater is its effect in producing glycosuria and generally, also, the greater its diuretic action.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> but not High Salt Induces Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia in B6129 Mice
Authors: Arlin B. Rogers, Nancy S. Taylor, Mark T. Whary, Erinn D. Stefanich, Timothy C. Wang, James G. Fox
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Helicobacter pylori is responsible for most human stomach cancers. Gastric cancer also is overrepresented in populations consuming high-salt diets. Attempts to test the hypothesis that high salt promotes H. pylori carcinogenesis have been hindered by the lack of a wild-type mouse model. Based on pilot observations of unexpectedly early gastric adenocarcinoma in C57BL/6 x 129S6/SvEv (B6129) mice infected with Helicobacter felis, we conducted a study to characterize H. pylori infection in these mice and to determine whether high salt promotes tumorigenesis. Male and female mice were gavaged with H. pylori Sydney strain-1 or vehicle only and divided into four groups based on infection status and maintenance on a basal (0.25%) or high (7.5%) salt diet. In uninfected mice, the high-salt diet enhanced proliferation and marginally increased parietal cell mucous metaplasia with oxyntic atrophy. Lesions in H. pylori infected mice without regard to diet or gender were of equivalent severity and characterized by progressive gastritis, oxyntic atrophy, hyperplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. Infected mice on the high-salt diet exhibited a shift in antimicrobial humoral immunity from a Th1 to a Th2 pattern, accompanied by significantly higher colonization and a qualitative increase in infiltrating eosinophils. No mice developed anti-parietal cell antibodies suggestive of autoimmune gastritis. At 15 months of age infected mice in both dietary cohorts exhibited high-grade dysplasia consistent with gastric intraepithelial neoplasia. In summary, we report for the first time H. pylori-induced gastric intraepithelial neoplasia in a wild-type mouse model and show no additive effect of high-salt ingestion on tumor progression.
Anxiety in Children With Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Lloyd A. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The attitudes, emotional responses, and knowledge of rheumatic fever were studied in 52 clinic patients and their parents during the prophylactic stage of their disease. The purpose was twofold: to discover how well informed they were, and to learn whether there was a correlation between emotional responses and mode of prophylaxis. Both parents and children were considered to be deficient in their knowledge of the disease. Parents whose children were receiving intramuscular prophylaxis were more protective and more cautious in their estimate of their child's future. Children receiving intramuscular prophylaxis showed more evidence of anxiety, whereas those receiving oral prophylaxis tended to deny or ignore their disease. The method of prophylaxis appeared to be a significant factor influencing the attitudes and the defense mechanisms of both parents and children.
Trauma care research and the war on uncertainty
Authors: Ian Roberts, Haleema Shakur, Phil Edwards, David Yates, Peter Sandercock
Journal: BMJ (2005)

workforces in inadequately funded programmes-such as those for safe motherhood, child survival, tackling malnutrition, and reducing road traffic injuries-are drained to support better paid global initiatives.International migration of healthcare workers further aggravates the situation. 11 12Notably, nine of the 20 countries with the highest emigration of healthcare workers are in sub-Saharan Africa, where the millennium health goals are least likely to be achieved.Evidence clearly shows that density of human resources for health at least partly explains variations in maternal, infant, and child mortalities. 13In line with resolutions at the World Health Assemblies in 2004 and 2005, member states are committed to solving this problem, but no real concrete global movement has been initiated so far.Thirdly, accurate information is needed to monitor progress towards the goals.But most poor countries' health information systems are undeveloped and cannot provide reliable data.The Global Alliance on Vaccine and Immunization, the Global Fund, and the Health Metrics Network strongly emphasise the need to strengthen systems for health and health information, but proposals made recently at the Global Fund have not yet yielded much success.Of the 30 proposals for strengthening health service infrastructure, only three were approved, because of the poor quality of the proposals.In addition to strengthening health systems, reducing geographical, sociocultural, and financial barriers to care (such as user fees for services) remains just as important.
Calcium-sensitive cellular and subcellular transport of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in sodium-loaded vascular smooth muscle. Electron probe analysis.
Authors: A J Wasserman, G McClellan, A P Somlyo
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the composition of rabbit portal anterior mesenteric vein smooth muscle was performed following sodium loading and washout into sodium-free lithium solutions. Sodium and lithium were also measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cellular uptake of sodium and loss of potassium during sodium loading were much faster at high (37 degrees C) than at low (2 degrees C) temperature, as was the passive ouabain-resistant uptake of potassium during lithium washout. The loss of sodium at 2 degrees C into lithium solution consisted of two components: a rapid efflux that was complete by 30 minutes, and a slow component that required at least 24 hours for completion. The amount of sodium lost through the first component (approximately 200-300 mmol/kg dry weight) was relatively independent of the amount of sodium loading. The loss of cellular sodium at 2 degrees C, after 30 minutes, was accompanied by a gain of cellular lithium. Ouabain-resistant sodium loss and lithium and potassium uptake were markedly accelerated at 37 degrees C; sodium loss was complete (1200 mmol sodium/kg dry weight lost) by 30 minutes of washout. Sodium-loaded cells also lost chloride ion and gained magnesium during sodium efflux at 37 degrees C. Mitochondrial and nuclear sodium and potassium were correlated with the respective cytoplasmic concentrations during both sodium loading and sodium washout, indicating the relatively rapid equilibration of the monovalent ions between the cytoplasm and organelles. Calcium-free solutions markedly inhibited the ouabain-resistant sodium and chloride ion effluxes and potassium influx in muscles incubated, after sodium loading, in lithium solutions at 37 degrees C. These fluxes could be restored to near normal values by 0.2 mM calcium. The calcium sensitivity of the ouabain-resistant sodium, potassium, and chloride ion fluxes observed in this and other studies raises the possibility that some abnormalities of monovalent ion transport observed in cells of hypertensives are secondary to changes in cellular calcium.
Abstract 4322: Iron increases the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells in vitro: Mechanisms and inhibition by the antioxidant ebselen
Authors: Wenji Guo, Michael Schlicht, Theresa Kucynda, Ping Zhou, Klara Valyi-Nagy, André Kajdacsy-Balla
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The effect of iron on PC-3 prostate cancer cell invasiveness was investigated using Neuroprobe filter membrane transmigration assays. PC-3 cells were pre-incubated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) for 6 hours. Excess iron was removed before the assay. The PC-3 cells were placed on an extracellular membrane preparation (Matrigel®) in the upper wells of the chamber and allowed to migrate onto the underside of a porous membrane that allowed cell transmigration. The number of cells migrating to the underside of the membrane was determined and used as a marker of cell invasion. Pre-treatment with 100 µM FAC caused a 4-fold increase in PC-3 cell invasion when measured at 24 hours (P&amp;lt; 0.05). The FAC concentrations that induced PC-3 invasion were 100 times smaller than concentrations which interfered with cell viability or proliferation rate. Western blot analysis suggested that the effect of FAC exposure on PC-3 cell invasion was mediated by p42/44 MAP kinase activity. Furthermore, the antioxidant ebselen, a hydrogen peroxide inhibitor, decreased FAC-induced PC-3 cell invasion. We also examined the mRNA expression of invasion-related genes using a cDNA array and found a positive correlation between the exposures to FAC and the invasion phenotype of prostate cancer cells. The data demonstrated that the upregulation of genes, such as fractalkine and plasminogen, after FAC treatment may be associated with iron-induced invasion of prostate cancer. Our data suggest that iron overload may be detrimental to patients with prostate cancer and that the effect of iron on invasion may be inhibited by ebselen. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4322. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4322
Glucose-induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Functional effects and characterization of phosphorylation sites.
Authors: T S Pillay, S Xiao, J M Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Elevated glucose concentrations have been reported to inhibit insulin receptor kinase activity. We studied the effects of high glucose on insulin action in Rat1 fibroblasts transfected with wild-type human insulin receptor (HIRcB) and a truncated receptor lacking the COOH-terminal 43 amino acids (delta CT). In both cell lines, 25 mM glucose impaired receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation by 34%, but IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation was unaffected. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and bromodeoxyuridine uptake were decreased by 85 and 35%, respectively. This was reversed by coincubation with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor or microinjection of a PKC inhibitor peptide. Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that high glucose or PMA led to serine/threonine phosphorylation of similar peptides. Inhibition of the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) kinase cascade by the MAP kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 did not reverse the impaired phosphorylation. We conclude that high glucose inhibits insulin action by inducing serine phosphorylation through a PKC-mediated mechanism at the level of the receptor at sites proximal to the COOH-terminal 43 amino acids. This effect is independent of activation of the MAP kinase cascade. Proportionately, the impairment of insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is greater than that of the insulin receptor resulting in attenuated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and mitogenic signaling.
Cyclin E and Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Khandan Keyomarsi, Susan L. Tucker, Thomas A. Buchholz, Matthew Callister, Ye Ding, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Isabelle Bedrosian, Christopher Knickerbocker, Wendy Toyofuku, Michael Lowe, Thaddeus W. Herliczek, Sarah S. Bacus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Cyclin E, a regulator of the cell cycle, affects the behavior of breast-cancer cells. We investigated whether levels of cyclin E in the tumor correlated with survival among patients with breast cancer.Tumor tissue from 395 patients with breast cancer was assayed for cyclin E, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and the HER-2/neu oncogene with the use of Western blot analysis. Full-length, low-molecular-weight, and total cyclin E were measured. Immunohistochemical assessments of cyclin E were also made of 256 tumors. We sought correlations between levels of these molecular markers and disease-specific and overall survival.The median follow-up was 6.4 years. A high level of the low-molecular-weight isoforms of cyclin E, as detected by Western blotting, correlated strongly with disease-specific survival whether axillary lymph nodes were negative or positive for metastases (P<0.001). Among 114 patients with stage I breast cancer, none of the 102 patients with low levels of cyclin E in the tumor had died of breast cancer by five years after diagnosis, whereas all 12 patients with a high level of low-molecular-weight cyclin E had died of breast cancer within that period. In multivariate analysis, a high total cyclin E level or high levels of the low-molecular-weight forms of cyclin E were significantly correlated with poor outcome. The hazard ratio for death from breast cancer for patients with high total cyclin E levels as compared with those with low total cyclin E levels was 13.3--about eight times as high as the hazard ratios associated with other independent clinical and pathological risk factors.Levels of total cyclin E and low-molecular-weight cyclin E in tumor tissue, as measured by Western blot assay, correlate strongly with survival in patients with breast cancer.
Conversations in Medicine: The Story of Twentieth-Century American Medicine in the Words of Those Who Created It
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Oral history, with its give and take of question and answer, may capture a flavor not otherwise obtainable. Personal interviews may conjure a background to enhance the appreciation of objective achievement. In this oral history project Weisse has interviewed 17 physicians, both men and women, who hold or have held various degrees of prominence in American medicine. The years of birth ranged from 1899 (William Dock) to 1922 (Robert Good). The list includes Owen Wangensteen, William P. Murphy, Charles P. Bailey, Louis Weinstein, Maxwell Wintrobe, and Arthur Kornberg, among others. Some had received the Nobel prize for their achievements. The interviews all took place between 1979 and 1983. There are some excellent features. Young physicians who have no acquaintance with the past will gain an insight into the state of medical education, practice, and research for the first half of the 20th century. Physicians and laymen alike can gain a
Preparticipation Screening of Athletes
Authors: Gordon O. Matheson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
James B. Herrick Award Acceptance
Authors: ALLAN L. FRIEDLICH
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Dr. Allan L. Friedlich worked closely with Dr. White for many years at the Massachusetts General Hospital, in American Heart Association affairs and in international cardiological meetings. He was chosen by Dr. White as his personal deputy at several meetings of the International Society and International Federation of Cardiology, and accepted the James B. Herrick Award presented by the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association to Dr. White on November 8, 1973.
Circulating Epithelial Cells as a Tool for Monitoring Treatment Success of Primary Chemotherapy with Simultaneous or Sequential and without Trastuzumab.
Authors: O. Camara, T. Kroll, S. Oppel, I. Runnebaum, K. Pachmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract In spite of ample prognostic markers available in breast cancer, still a considerable proportion of patients with good prognostic markers suffers relapse whereas patients with poor prognostic markers may remain disease free. It would, therefore, be desirable to control, at the individual patient level, whether the applied therapy is effective. Our previous work indicates, that in cancer patients most of the epithelial cells circulating in peripheral blood (CETC) are part of the tumor and that the response of these cells reflects the response of the tumor to the applied therapies.Therefore monitoring the decrease or increase in numbers of these cells providing a unique tool for therapy surveillance was used to monitor neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 26 her2/neu positive breast cancer patients with either IHC3+ or FISH confirmed Her2/neu positive breast cancer. Patients were prospectively analysed for the number of CETC before therapy, before each new cycle of chemotherapy and during maintenance therapy at each visit initially every three months and subsequently at more extended intervals. 1ml of blood was drawn into EDTA vials, red blood cells lysed and the white blood cell pellet stained with FITC-labelled anti-Epcam. Green fluorescent cells were detected by image analysis and dead cells excluded due to red PI fluorescence.After an initial variable reduction of CETC during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tightly connected to tumor reduction we regularly observed a massive release of cells from the shrinking tumor. Although these cells may not be able to settle in tumors with low metastatic potential, in 4/4 patients with Her2/neu positive tumors who did not receive trastuzumab the number of CETCs further increased after termination of therapy and surgery followed by rapid distant relapse indicating that the cells released in these patients may be highly aggressive with a high potential to settle and grow into metastases.It is, however not clear, whether sequential or simultaneous addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy is preferential. In our hands 65% of the patients receiving simultaneous trastuzumab showed increasing CETCs and all have suffered relapse whereas all patients with decreasing CETCs are still in complete remission indicating that in the neoadjuvant situation during maintenance therapy an increase in CETC is the earliest indicator of imminent relapse.6/6 patients who received trastuzumab sequentially to the neoadjuvant treatment all showed decreasing numbers with all of them still without signs of disease after 4 years of follow up. Thus, trastuzumab was highly effective in this treatment and even if the tumor cells were not eliminated immediately, trastuzumab contributed to prevent them from settling and growing into metastases and CETC monitoring favours sequential trastuzumab. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3016.