tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cystic fibrosis pseudomonas opsonins. Inhibitory nature in an in vitro phagocytic assay.
Authors: R B Fick, G P Naegel, R A Matthay, H Y Reynolds
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection plays a primary pathogenetic role in the chronic respiratory tract disease of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Despite pronounced humoral immune responses, reflected by high levels of antibodies against Pseudomonas in serum and in sputum, the antibodies do not eliminate this bacterium. In the present study we have used affinity chromatography with a lipopolysaccharide substituted immunoadsorbent gel to isolate high titers (meanCF = 1:256) of immunotype specific Pseudomonas IgG antibodies from the sera of nine CF subjects, and have evaluated the functional ability of these antibodies to promote phagocytosis and intracellular killing of P. aeruginosa in an in vitro human alveolar macrophage culture system. The phagocytic and intracellular bactericidal kinetics revealed that CF IgG antibodies function in an inhibitory fashion. Both the rate of phagocytosis (rateCF = 204 cpm/unit time) and absolute bacterial uptakes maximal at 120 min (uptakeCF = 18 x 10(3) 14C cpm) were inhibited compared with appropriate positive controls (hyperimmune serum, HIS; [rateHIS = 399; uptakeHIS = 29 x 10(3), P less than 0.005]). The ability of such CF-derived opsonins to potentiate macrophage intracellular bactericidal processes was mildly impaired (bacterial survivalCF = 15 x 10(3) colony forming units (CFU)/min, survivalHIS = 9 x 10(3)). Further characterization of this defect, assessed with functional studies of the Fab and Fc portions of the immunoglobulin molecule, revealed an impairment in the attachment of these specific antibodies to the alveolar macrophage membrane Fc gamma receptors. Preliminary studies of the physical-chemical properties of these immunoglobulins were normal. The expression of this inhibitory activity in vivo may facilitate Pseudomonas colonization and the subsequent established infections in the respiratory tracts of CF subjects.
Scotland invests in early detection of cancer
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A major effort is to be made in Scotland to improve the early detection and early treatment of cancer with the aim of extending survival rates, which continue to lag behind the rest of Europe.

The Scottish government has promised to spend £30m (€35m; $49m) over the next four years on a series of measures that it estimates will improve early diagnosis by 25% and save around 300 lives a year.

It has also been announced that the breast cancer screening service in Scotland will be reviewed for the first time since it was set up in 1989. This …
Acute Pancreatitis in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Louis C. Wislocki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE case reported below is, to my knowledge, the first of concurrent infectious mononucleosis and clinically significant acute pancreatitis.Case ReportC.H. (S.H. 1004), an 18-year-old boy, was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting. Twelve days before, typical infectious mononucleosis confirmed by laboratory study had developed. The disease was moderately severe but was progressing unremarkably until the day of admission, when he awoke with severe pain in the upper abdomen and vomited several times. He had had no known exposure to mumps.On examination he had an ashen color, a cold sweaty skin and a fecal odor . . .
Thomas Glyn Thomas
Authors: B. Andrews, L. Klenerman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Thomas Glyn Thomas did his orthopaedic training at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital during the time when Sir Herbert Seddon was in charge. He was encouraged by Alfred Fripp, a Guy’s surgeon also on at the RNOH, to spend a year in Nairobi, working with Bill Kirkaldy-Willis in1961-2. He was appointed as a consultant to Canterbury and the South East Kent Health Authority …
Gastric Pull-Through Imitating Substernal Goiter
Authors: DAVID B. TURTON, EUGENE D. SILVERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 39-year-old man presented with a substernal mass of possible thyroidal cause. A Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate thyroid scan suggested functional substernal thyroid tissue. An I-123 thyroid scan demonstrated a normal thyroid. The pertechnetate accumulation was assumed to be uptake in a gastric pull-through previously performed for esophageal carcinoma. The disparity between Tc-99m pertechnetate and I-123 images suggested the nonthyroidal cause of this finding. This case emphasizes the need to image mediastinal lesions that accumulate pertechnetate with a later radioiodine study. Radioiodine allows for more delayed imaging, better target-to-background ratios, and eliminates false-positive studies due to nonthyroidal pertechnetate accumulation.
ELECTROLYSIS AS A TREATMENT FOR DEVIATIONS, SPURS AND RIDGES OF THE NASAL SEPTUM.
Authors: WILLIAM L. BALLENGER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Having seen no contribution from an American observer on the electrolytic destruction of deviations, spurs and ridges of the nasal septum, I offer a report of three cases selected from my private practice. Mermod, of Switzerland, reported in 1887 excellent results in two cases of chronic rhinitis treated by electrolysis. He limited the application to the mucous membrane. To Dr. Miot, of Paris, however, belongs the honor of recommending electrolysis for the destruction of septal spurs and deviations. In the wake of Dr. Miot, Dr. Garel, of Lyons, reported thirty cases of septal thickening treated by the monopolar method, with success. Drs. Moure and Bergouié still later improved the operative technique of the bipolar method. They claim superior results for their method, and I will briefly outline it here: Each needle is insolated, except so much of the point as is needed to penetrate the bony growth. The needle connected
Youth Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Neslihan Gungor, Fida Bacha, Rola Saad, Janine Janosky, Silva Arslanian
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—This study evaluates insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function (BCF), and the balance between the two in youth with type 2 diabetes and assesses the relationship of diabetes duration and HbA1c to insulin sensitivity and BCF. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The subjects were 14 adolescents with type 2 diabetes and 20 obese control subjects of comparable age, BMI, body composition, and puberty. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated with a 3-h hyperinsulinemic (80 mU · m–2 · min–1) euglycemic clamp. First-phase insulin secretion (FPIS) and second-phase insulin secretion (SPIS) were evaluated with a 2-h hyperglycemic (12.5 mmol/l) clamp. Fasting glucose rate of appearance was determined with the use of [6,6-2H2]glucose. RESULTS—Fasting glucose rate of appearance was higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in obese control subjects (16.5 ± 1.1 vs. 12.3 ± 0.5 μmol · kg–1 · min–1; P = 0.002). Insulin sensitivity was lower in type 2 diabetic patients than in obese control subjects (1.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.0 ± 0.2 μmol · kg–1 · min–1 per pmol/l; P = 0.001). Fasting insulin was higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in obese control subjects (289.8 ± 24.6 vs. 220.2 ± 18.0 pmol/l; P = 0.007), and FPIS and SPIS were lower (FPIS: 357.6 ± 42.0 vs. 1,365.0 ± 111.0 pmol/l; SPIS: 652.2 ± 88.8 vs. 1,376.4 ± 88.8 pmol/l; P &amp;lt; 0.001 for both). The glucose disposition index (GDI = insulin sensitivity × FPIS) was ∼86% lower in type 2 diabetic patients than in obese control subjects. HbA1c correlated with FPIS (r = −0.61, P = 0.025) with no relationship to insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS—Despite the impairment in both insulin sensitivity and BCF in youth with type 2 diabetes, the magnitude of the derangement is greater in BCF than insulin sensitivity when compared with that in obese control subjects. The inverse relationship between BCF and HbA1c may either reflect the impact of deteriorating BCF on glycemic control or be a manifestation of a glucotoxic phenomenon on BCF. Future studies in youth type 2 diabetes should target the natural course of β-cell failure and means of retarding and/or preventing it.
ABO blood groups and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Authors: J A Dodge
Journal: BMJ (1967)

An association between blood group A and cancer of the stomach was first reported by Aird, Bentall, and Fraser Roberts (1953).Further associations between blood groups and gastro- intestinal disorders have since been described (Clarke, 1964a).This paper reports an investigation into the ABO blood group distribution and salivary secretor status of patients with infan- tile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis
Authors: S. P. S. Teotia, M. Teotia
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Investigation of 20 patients with skeletal fluorosis showed that five had clear evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The hyperactivity of the parathyroid glands in skeletal fluorosis in the presence of decreased solubility of the bone mineral (fluoroapatite) strongly suggests that it is a compensatory attempt to maintain a normal extracellular ionized calcium equilibrium. Further study of the parathyroid glands and of bone lesions in skeletal fluorosis is in progress.
A MODIFICATION OF VAN LEERSUM'S BLOODLESS METHOD FOR RECORDING BLOOD PRESSURES IN ANIMALS
Authors: Alfred E. Cohn, Robert L. Levy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

It has been shown that enzymes in serum will change maltose, dextrin, and starch so that they will react as dextrose in media. These enzymes are destroyed by heating to 60 degrees C. for 15 minutes, but they are present in sera that have been refrigerated for as long as 18 months. The practice of using carbohydrate media containing unheated serum should be discouraged, and if it is used the possibility that the carbohydrate may be changed by the enzymes present must be considered.
High Court forced mentally ill woman to have caesarean section, newspaper claims
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A pregnant Italian woman who was sectioned under the Mental Health Act after having a panic attack while staying at an airport hotel in London last year was forced to undergo a caesarean section by order of a High Court judge, it has emerged.

The birth took place 15 months ago, and the baby girl was taken into care by Essex County Council, which has received court approval to have her placed for adoption in the United Kingdom.

Brendan Fleming, the solicitor now representing the woman, issued a statement declining to “discuss the facts, evidence, or information in this case.” But Essex later set out a timeline of events after criticism in the media branding its actions “extraordinary” and “unprecedented.”

The council said it was …
Influence of the Pollen Season on Immediate Skin Test Reactivity to Common Allergens
Authors: Tari Haahtela, Hannu Jokela
Journal: Allergy (1980)

We studied the reproducibility of skin prick test reactions and tested 65 young men, picked from a population survey, in spring and fall. We used 16 extracts from two manufacturers with 12 common allergens. The extracts employed on both occasions were from the same allergen batches and the testing procedure was the same. Four subjects who reacted negatively in spring turned positive when re-tested in fall; the opposite happened to one subject. The result remained positive or negative on both occasions in 92%. The best reproducibility (96%) was obtained by pollens. The reactivity against tree and grass pollens was higher in fall than in spring; this is obviously a result of the immunologic stimuli induced by exposure to pollens during the season. The reactions caused by animal danders and house dust were, however, smaller in fall than in spring. This is believed to be due to young people being less exposed to indoor dust in summer. The immediate skin test reactivity is influenced by several factors; we would like to add one: the time of year when the test is applied. The reproducibility of skin prick test results is quite satifactory when the problem is approached as presented here.
Classification of Infections with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Donald S. Burke, Robert R. Redfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1986Classification of Infections with Human Immunodeficiency VirusDONALD S. BURKE, ROBERT R. REDFIELDDONALD S. BURKESearch for more papers by this author, ROBERT R. REDFIELDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-968_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The original working case definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was designed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to facilitate epidemiologic surveillance of the new epidemic. This definition contributed substantially to early scientific progress, including the discovery of the retroviral cause of AIDS. However, this restricted focus on the end-stage manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-that is, AIDS-has severely limited a full appreciation of the magnitude of the problem. As consultants who served on the CDC advisory committee, we believe that the recently published classification system for HIV infections (1) is an important advance....References1. . Classification system for human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infections. MMWR. 1986;35:334-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. GALLOSALAHUDDINPOPOVIC RSM. Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. Science. 1984;224:500-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ZAGURYBERNARDLEONARDCHEYNIER DJRR. Long-term cultures of HTLV-III infection T cells: a model of cytopathology of T cell depletion of AIDS. Science. 1986;231:850-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BOWENLANEFAUCI DHA. Immunopathogenesis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:704-9. LinkGoogle Scholar5. REDFIELDWRIGHTTRAMONT RDE. The Walter Reed staging classification for HTLV-III/LAV infections. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:131-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHelper/Inducer T Cells and Disease Progression in Patients with AntibodiesB. CLOTET, M.D., M. GRIFOL, M.D., J. TOR, M.D., J. JUNCA, M.D., J. CANO, M.D., M. FOZ, M.D. 1 December 1986Volume 105, Issue 6Page: 968-968KeywordsHIV infections Issue Published: 1 December 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
865-6 Nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism (G894T) influences arterial stiffness in adults: The Bogalusa heart study
Authors: Wei Chen, Sathanur R Srinivasan, M.Gene Bond, Rong Tang, Elaine M Urbina, Shengxu Li, Eric Boerwinkle, Gerald S Berenson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta in Turner's Syndrome
Authors: Robert M. Jeresaty
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Ascending aorta dissection occurred in a 54-year-old patient with XO Turner's symdrome and "pseudocoarctation." This is the fourth reported case of dissection in Turner's syndrome. As in two of the three previously reported cases, the dissection was painless in our patient. Fibromuscular hyperplasia of the renal arteries and left anterior hemiblock were demonstrated in our patient. Ours is the only patient with dissection in Turner's syndrome to have survived on a medical antihypertensive regimen, to our knowledge.
THE TOXICOLOGICAL CONSTITUTION OF AMANITA PHALLOIDES
Authors: William W. Ford
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1906)

From the experiments detailed in this paper it may be concluded that Amanita phalloides contains besides phallin, or the haemolytic principle of Kobert, another body of toxic nature. Phallin is thermolabile, and is destroyed by the action of pepsin and pancreatin. The other toxic body is thermostable and is resistant to pepsin and pancreatin. The two substances, moreover, possess different toxophoric and haptophoric groups, since an antiserum produced by the immunization of animals to the thermostable body has no neutralizing effects upon phallin. The thermolable body, phallin, produces the subcutaneous oedema and haemoglobinuria, and, in virtue of its blood-laking properties, the pigmentation of the spleen. The thermostable body produces haemorrhage and necrosis, and the fatty degeneration of the parenchymatous organs. The two bodies exist side by side in watery extracts of the fungus, but they cannot be considered as two constituents of a single poison exerting a variety of effects. To the haemolysin the name phallin has already been given by its discoverer, Kobert. For the thermostable substance described now for the first time, the name Amanito-toxin is proposed provisionally.
The acute vanishing bile duct syndrome (acute irreversible rejection) after orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Jurgen Ludwig, Russell H. Wiesner, Kenneth P. Batts, James D. Perkins, Ruud A. F. Krom
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The acute vanishing bile duct syndrome can be defined as an irreversible, rejection-related condition that affects hepatic allografts within 100 days after orthotopic liver transplantation and whose presence requires retransplantation. We have observed the acute vanishing bile duct syndrome in 5 of 48 consecutive patients (approximately 10%) who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. In 4 cases, the condition progressed relentlessly within approximately 7 to 11 weeks after orthotopic liver transplantation from mild rejection to severe rejection to acute vanishing bile duct syndrome. A fifth patient had severe rejection in the first week and required retransplantation after 17 days because of thrombotic venoocclusive disease complicating the acute vanishing bile duct syndrome. Clinically, signs of impending acute vanishing bile duct syndrome included abrupt onset of fever and jaundice and marked elevation of serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels which persisted despite antirejection treatment. Biopsy specimens revealed destructive cholangitis (rejection cholangitis), ductopenia, and, if retransplantation was delayed, presence of noninflammatory, "burnt-out" portal tracts without bile ducts. We recommend to base the diagnosis of acute vanishing bile duct syndrome on documentation of severe ductopenia in at least 20 portal tracts which may require several consecutive needle biopsies. Rejection arteriopathy which was found in 3 of our 5 cases might have been another important diagnostic clue but could not be recognized prior to retransplantation. The pathogenesis of acute vanishing bile duct syndrome is not clear; until the condition had manifested itself, we found no qualitative differences between acute reversible and irreversible rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Membrane-Bound Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor–Like Growth Factor Regulates <i>E-Cadherin</i> Expression in Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Fang Wang, Callum Sloss, Xiaobo Zhang, Sam W. Lee, James C. Cusack
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF growth factor family. Initially synthesized as a membrane-bound precursor (pro-HB-EGF), it is cleaved at the juxtamembrane domain to release the soluble form of HB-EGF (s-HB-EGF) by sheddases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases. This is a process referred to as ectodomain shedding and is implicated in the process of all ligands of the EGF receptor (EGFR) family. The tumorigenic potential of s-HB-EGF has been studied extensively; however, the role of pro-HB-EGF in tumor progression is unknown, despite the fact that a considerable amount of pro-HB-EGF remains on the cell membrane. Our data here clearly indicated the distinct role of pro-HB-EGF in the regulation of E-cadherin expression and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We showed here that the expression of pro-HB-EGF was associated with the differentiation status in pancreatic tumors and cell lines. Expression of noncleaved pro-HB-EGF in pancreatic cells resulted in the up-regulation of E-cadherin through suppression of ZEB1, which is a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin. Inhibition of HB-EGF shedding using a MMP inhibitor, GM6001, also dramatically augmented the E-cadherin expression while suppressing the EGFR activation. Moreover, up-regulation of E-cadherin by pro-HB-EGF not only resulted in cellular morphologic change but also decreased cell motility and enhanced apoptotic sensitivity in response to gemcitabine-erlotinib treatment. Collectively, our data defined a distinct role of pro-HB-EGF in the regulation of E-cadherin, suggesting that inhibition of shedding may be a novel approach to suppress pancreatic metastasis and sensitize cells to cancer therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8486–93]
A Therapeutic Chair
Authors: A. Paul Naney
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The need for an appropriate chair which would give adequate support to a patient who is more comfortable in an upright position, and in whom this position is medically desirable, has not been answered by the usual sick-room furniture. Over the past 18 months we have been using the chair shown in Fig 1 at the Clay County Hospital, Flora, Ill, and it has had a short-term trial at the Burnham City Hospital, Champaign, with much satisfaction to the patient, the nurse, and the attending physician. All patients with myocardial infarction have been up in this type of chair for various lengths of time daily after about the second day of their acute illness. It has been found to be extremely useful in those with left ventricular failure or pulmonary edema, and the most convenient support in which to place patients for thoracentesis. In no way does
Rare complication of tracheostomy: erosion of innominate artery.
Authors: P. N. Pathak
Journal: BMJ (1969)

PrelimiyaCn Comaunicationsnswhere N is the total number of sibs, A is the number with glomerulonephritis, B is the number with the HL-A2 antigen, and X is the number with both glomerulonephritis and HL-A2 antigen.Families for which all sibs are alike either for the HL-A2 antigen or for the presence of glomerulonephritis were not scored.The scores are added and the (Total)'/M (M= number of families scored) is approximately chi-square with one degree of freedom if there is no association.