tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A reanalysis too far?
Authors: A. V. Metcalfe, B. E. C. Nordin
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>227</b> <h3><b>Objectives</b></h3> Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise as treatment for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT). Mechanisms mediating <i>in vivo</i> effects of MCSs remain largely unknown, including whether their biodistribution pattern correlates with treatment effect. The purpose of this study is to develop <i>in vivo</i> imaging techniques to track cell distributions in the context of GvHD when MSCs are delivered through artery or vein. <h3><b>Methods</b></h3> Human MSCs (hMSCs) were injected into allogeneic and syngeneic BMT recipient mice via either carotid artery (IA) or tail vein (TV). Biodistribution was measured using both bioluminescence imaging (BLI) after hMSCs transduction with a reporter gene system containing luciferase and planar scintigraphic imaging when the cells were labeled with [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]-HMPAO. <h3><b>Results</b></h3> IA injection resulted in whole-body hMSC distribution that persisted over two weeks in alloBMT recipients, while cells were cleared in the syngeneic animals within one week. Although hMSCs initially accumulated in the lungs in both transplant groups, more cells migrated to other organs in alloBMT recipient mice including the intestines, as measured by<i> in vivo </i>BLI and scintigraphy, and confirmed by <i>ex vivo</i> BLI imaging, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative RT-PCR. In contrast, TV hMSCs were mainly entrapped in the lung with a smaller fraction of cells traveling to the GvHD target organs like the intestines. <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> This study demonstrates the potential use of arterial injection to alter hMSC biodistribution in order to more effectively deliver hMSCs to target tissues. <i>In vivo</i> imaging played a vital role for the assessment of biodistributions of hMSCs delivered via different routes.
THE WAR, THE COLLEGES AND FEDERAL AID
Authors: WILLIAM B. MUNRO
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The war has brought the universities and colleges of the United States face to face with serious problems. Student enrolments in the graduate and professional departments of many institutions, with the exception of medical schools, have seriously declined. With the downward extension of the age groups, as provided in recent amendments to the Selective Service Law, the junior and senior classes in undergraduate departments are certain to be similarly affected next autumn. And many prospective freshmen will doubtless find jobs in industry and give up the idea of entering college until after the war, which means that most of them will never enter at all.  It is true, of course, that efforts will be made— they are already being made—to maintain enrolments by relaxing the normal requirements for admission, by carrying on instruction through the summer and by shortening the time required for graduation. In some coeducational institutions the quota
Prolonging Tamoxifen Therapy for Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: BERNARD FISHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Objective: To determine whether prolonging the duration of tamoxifen administration beyond the cessation of a combined chemotherapy regimen benefits patients with primary breast cancer with positive findings in axillary nodes who benefit initially from the combined regimen. Design: Nonrandomized, nonconcurrent cohort study. Setting: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, conducted in 68 institutions in North America. Patients: Women were included if they had breast cancer with positive nodes and were aged 49 years or less with both estrogen and progesterone receptor levels of 10 fmol or more, aged 50 to 59 years with progesterone receptor levels of 10 fmol or more, or aged 60 to 69 years. Two cohorts were compared: patients who were randomly assigned to the tamoxifen arm of the adjuvant chemotherapy trial (randomized patients) and women who were added to this arm after randomization had ceased (registered patients). Three hundred seventy-seven women in each group who were disease free at the end of the initial 2-year treatment period were followed for an additional 3 years. Interventions: All received melphalan, fluorouracil, and tamoxifen (10 mg twice daily by mouth) for 2 years. Registered patients (but not randomized patients) were offered tamoxifen for a third year after the initial 2-year treatment period, and 273 (72%) agreed. Measurements and Main Results: Women receiving a third year of tamoxifen had a better disease-free survival rate (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 2.07; p = 0.004) and survival rate (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% Cl, 1.02 to 2.37; p = 0.04) through their fifth postoperative year. Women aged 50 years or more benefited, but those aged 49 years or less did not. Conclusions: The benefit of tamoxifen given to tamoxifen-responsive patients in conjunction with melphalan and fluorouracil appears to be enhanced when the tamoxifen treatment is continued beyond cessation of treatment with these agents.
SIX YEARS' EXPERIENCE AT THE MASSACHUSETTS STATE SANATORIUM FOR TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: VINCENT Y. BOWDITCH
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In presenting the results of six years' experience in the treatment of tuberculosis, chiefly in the pulmonary form, at the State Sanatorium in Rutland, Mass., it is with pleasure and pride that we recall the fact that Massachusetts was the first state in the Union to adopt as a public enterprise methods which had been successfully used for many years abroad and later in our own country at private institutions, notably that of Dr. Trudeau at Saranac Lake, New York. It should be remembered, moreover, that the idea of treating this disease with any hope of success in a large number of cases in a moist, harsh climate like that of New England had been regarded with extreme doubt, to say the least, among the rank and file of the medical profession. The results obtained in previous years, however, at the small charitable institution, viz.: the Sharon Sanatorium at Sharon, Mass.
SOME OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS.
Authors: CHARLES H. BEARD
Journal: JAMA (1899)

I have selected from private practice five cases which fairly represent phases of ocular affection occurring in conjunction with degenerative changes in the circulatory system. I would state by way of perface that each one of the five individuals in question enjoyed a degree of good health and activity, and was characterized by an excellence of physique far beyond the average for their age, none having been under 55, and in every instance any evidence of other ailment save that of the circulatory system was practically lacking. Signs of morbid changes in the walls of the blood-vessels, however, with the attendant modifications in the size and action of the heart, were uniformly present and palpable. It may be stated, moreover, that these patients, to whom the drawings refer, have since been under observation for periods ranging in extent from about seven months to about three years, coming down to the
Manslaughter convictions for making mistakes
Authors: S. A. Hayward
Journal: BMJ (1991)

patients not referred to hospital, who would be missed by hospital based research.Such informa- tion is essential for developing guidelines for referral and treatment.3It is therefore of concern that general practitioners who initially seem willing to help often fail to do so.We agree with Tognoni and colleagues that reliance on financial incentives to persuade general practitioners to participate in research would be counterproduc- tive.
Anuria as a Presenting Symptom in Unsuspected Leukemia
Authors: Jerrold Post
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ELEVATED serum uric acid and increased uric acid excretion are frequently present in the myeloproliferative disorders. During treatment of leukemia with radiation, alkylating agents and certain antimetabolites, uricosuria may rise to dangerous proportions. This is assumed to be due to an accentuation of hyperuricemia because of increased nuclear destruction. In 1958 Kritzler1 reported 3 cases of anuria after antileukemia therapy and referred to 7 similar cases. The following case is of interest since anuria was the presenting symptom in a patient with previously unsuspected and untreated leukemia.Case ReportL.L. (G.-N.H.H. 48–65–20), a 78-year-old man, was admitted to the . . .
Antileukotrienes in the Treatment of Asthma
Authors: Paul M. O'Byrne
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

To review the activity in clinical models, the efficacy, and the safety of antileukotrienes as a new class of antiasthma treatment.English-language trials identified from the archival literature, including the MEDLINE database, through 1996; bibliographic references; and textbooks.Reports from placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trials were selected.Study designs and results were extracted from the clinical trial reports. Statistical evaluation of combined results was not attempted.The various classes of antileukotrienes have shown activity in clinical models of asthma, including exercise-induced, cold air hyperventilation-induced, allergen-induced, and aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction. In addition, the antileukotrienes partially reverse spontaneous bronchoconstriction in asthmatic persons, an effect additive to that of inhaled beta 2-agonists. Clinical trials of the antileukotrienes have shown clinical benefit, as measured by reductions in asthma symptom scores, improvements in air flow obstruction, and reductions in the rescue use of inhaled beta 2-agonists. Some, but not all, of the antileukotrienes have been shown to cause liver microsomal activation with increases in hepatic aminotransferase levels.Antileukotrienes are an important new therapy for asthma. Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis or action has a beneficial effect in the treatment of both induced and spontaneous asthma. These results show that leukotrienes are important mediators of the asthmatic response. In addition, encouraging results have been obtained from clinical trials of antileukotrienes; however, these results do not yet provide guidelines for the optimal clinical use of antileukotrienes in asthma treatment. Such recommendations await the results of further studies.
Lower Extremity Manifestations of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Mary McGrae McDermott
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is frequently underdiagnosed, in part because of the wide variety of leg symptoms manifested by patients with PAD and in part because of the high prevalence of asymptomatic PAD. In primary care medical practices, 30% to 60% of patients with PAD report no exertional leg symptoms and ≈45% to 50% report exertional leg symptoms that are not consistent with classic intermittent claudication. The prevalence and extent of functional impairment and functional decline in PAD may also be underappreciated. Functional impairment and functional decline are common in PAD, even among those who are asymptomatic. Lower extremity ischemia is also associated with pathophysiologic changes in calf skeletal muscle, including smaller calf muscle area, increased calf muscle fat content, impaired leg strength, and impaired metabolic function. People with severe PAD have poorer peroneal nerve conduction velocity compared with people with mild PAD or no PAD. The degree of ischemia-related pathophysiologic changes in lower extremity muscles and peripheral nerves of people with PAD are associated with the degree of functional impairment. New interventions are needed to improve functional performance and prevent mobility loss in the large number of patients with PAD, including in those who are asymptomatic or who have exertional leg symptoms other than claudication.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ernst E. van der Wall, Hubert W. Vliegen, Albert de Roos, Albert V.G. Bruschke
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Abstract The cardiovascular applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) techniques in coronary artery disease have increased considerably in recent years. Technical advantages of MR imaging in comparison with other techniques are the excellent spatial resolution, the characterization of myocardial tissue, and the potential for three-dimensional imaging. This allows the accurate assessment of left ventricular mass and volume, the differentiation of infarcted tissue from normal myocardial tissue, and the determination of systolic wall thickening and regional wall motion abnormalities. Myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and inducible myocardial ischemia with the use of pharmacological stress also can be assessed by MR techniques. Future technical improvements in real-time imaging and development of noninvasive visualization of the coronary arteries and coronary artery bypasses will constitute a tremendous progress in clinical cardiology. Early detection and flow assessment of stenosed coronary arteries by MR angiography with the use of flow velocity measurements may outweigh the cost inherent to the MR imaging procedure. A particular strength of the MR technique is the potential to encompass cardiac anatomy, perfusion, function, metabolism, and coronary angiography in a single test. The replacement of multiple diagnostic tests with one MR test may have major effects on cardiovascular healthcare economics.
The DNA methyltransferase inhibitors azacitidine, decitabine and zebularine exert differential effects on cancer gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: C Flotho, R Claus, C Batz, M Schneider, I Sandrock, S Ihde, C Plass, C M Niemeyer, M Lübbert
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Endoscopic treatment of completely occluding anastomotic web using incision and ballooning after dye injection
Authors: J. Park, D. Sohn, K. Han, C. Hong, H. Chang, K. Jung, D. Kim, S.-B. Lim, H. Choi, S.-Y. Jeong
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 73-year-old woman with rectal adenocarcinoma at 10 cm from the anal verge underwent laparoscopy-assisted low anterior resection with a protective loop ileostomy. Postoperatively the patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for 6 months. After the chemoradiation treatments, a digital rectal examination prior to ileostomy takedown revealed anastomotic obstruction. Under direct visualization using a colonoscope (CF-Q240; Olympus Optical Co, Ltd, Japan), no opening was found in the anastomotic occlusive web (Figure [1]). Fluoroscopy showed a blind end at the level of the anastomosis (Figure [2]). An injector (NM-200U; Olympus) was inserted into the center of the circular staple line at the level of the anastomosis, and diluted dye (Telebrix; Guerbet, France) was injected to identify the proximal lumen under fluoroscopic guidance (Figure [3]). Injection of water through the injector dilated the lumen of the proximal atrophied bowel. The anastomotic occlusive web was incised in a radial fashion using a needle-papillotome (MTW Endoskopie, Germany) (Figure [4]). Under endoscopic observation, a controlled radial expansion balloon dilator (Boston Scientific Cork Ltd, Ireland) was inserted through the web opening and insufflated with water (Figure [5]). The successful destruction of the occlusive web facilitated passage of the colonoscope, allowing evaluation of the entire colon (Figure [6]). The patient tolerated the procedure well without complications.
Neighborhood-Level Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kiarri N. Kershaw, Theresa L. Osypuk, D. Phuong Do, Peter J. De Chavez, Ana V. Diez Roux
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Previous research suggests that neighborhood-level racial/ethnic residential segregation is linked to health, but it has not been studied prospectively in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and Results— Participants were 1595 non-Hispanic black, 2345 non-Hispanic white, and 1289 Hispanic adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis free of CVD at baseline (aged 45–84 years). Own-group racial/ethnic residential segregation was assessed by using the G i * statistic, a measure of how the neighborhood racial/ethnic composition deviates from surrounding counties’ racial/ethnic composition. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios for incident CVD (first definite angina, probable angina followed by revascularization, myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, coronary heart disease death, stroke, or stroke death) over 10.2 median years of follow-up. Among blacks, each standard deviation increase in black segregation was associated with a 12% higher hazard of developing CVD after adjusting for demographics (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.22). This association persisted after adjustment for neighborhood-level characteristics, individual socioeconomic position, and CVD risk factors (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.23). For whites, higher white segregation was associated with lower CVD risk after adjusting for demographics (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.96), but not after further adjustment for neighborhood characteristics. Segregation was not associated with CVD risk among Hispanics. Similar results were obtained after adjusting for time-varying segregation and covariates. Conclusions— The association of residential segregation with cardiovascular risk varies according to race/ethnicity. Further work is needed to better characterize the individual- and neighborhood-level pathways linking segregation to CVD risk.
STUDIES ON THE RUNTING SYNDROME IN NEWBORN MICE
Authors: Gregory W. Siskind, Lewis Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Runting was produced by homologous spleen or lymph node cell suspensions, but not by isologous spleen or homologous liver or kidney cell suspensions. The incidence of runting (a) varied with the particular strain combination employed, (b) increased with increased dose of foreign cells, and (c) decreased as the time interval between birth and inoculation with foreign cells was increased. A focal, coagulative necrotic, liver lesion was described in runted mice. It was found that viable cells were required to produce the runting syndrome. Frozen-thawed cells, homogenized cells, and the cell-free supernatant of ground spleen suspensions failed to produce runting. Runted mice were found to have an anemia of variable degree, and white blood cell counts ranging from marked leukopenia to severe leucocytosis. Mice receiving isologous spleen or homologous liver or kidney showed normal red and white blood cell counts. Isologous spleen cells, given to newborn mice within 30 minutes following injection of homologous spleen cells, conferred significant protection against the runting syndrome. Isologous spleen injected 1 day after the injection of homologous spleen failed to protect. Newborn mice which had received homologous spleen cells were protected from becoming runted by treatment with "anti-cell donor strain" serum. The offspring of mothers which had been immunized against the spleen cell donor's strain failed to become runted when treated with homologous spleen cells. The data are regarded as compatible with the concept, presented by previous workers, that runting is the result of an immunological reaction of foreign cells against a tolerant host.
Pericarditis complicating Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: A. E. Thomas, W. K. C. Morgan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1956)

The frequent occurrence of adhesive pericarditis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been recognized in pathological studies (Bayles, 1943; Graef, Hickey, Altman, and Rosenthal, 1948).In a study of autopsy material, Sokoloff (1953) found evidence of healed idiopathic pericarditis to be seventeen times more common among patients with rheumatoid arthritis than among other patients.Clinically, however, this condition is observed much less frequently; indeed Wood (1952) makes no reference to rheumatoid pericarditis in his textbook of cardiology.In this communication we report three non-fatal cases of arthritis of the rheumatoid type associated with pericarditis, in two of whom L.E. cells were found in the peripheral blood. Case ReportsCase 1, a decorator, aged 53, was admitted to hospital on 3.10.54complaining of retrosternal pain of 4 hrs' duration.The pain, which had started suddenly, radiated to the left axilla, was accompanied by severe dyspnoea, and was intensified by breathing.Morphine sulphate gr.l relieved the severe pain, but a residual retrosternal aching persisted for the next 36 hrs.In July, 1954, he had experienced a similar, but milder, attack of pain and had been treated by his own doctor for myocardial infarction.Previous History.-At the age of 50 he had developed a progressive polyarthritis which had caused him to give up active work a few months before admission.
Loss of Libido in a Woman With Schizophrenia
Authors: Mary V. Seeman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Sexual dysfunction is common among women with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic medication. Multiple factors influence sexual function and reproductive health in this patient population, including the effects of medications on prolactin secretion and the complexities of making contraceptive decisions in the context of a serious mental illness. The author explores the causes and management of loss of libido as illustrated by a case vignette and describes the course and outcome of a clinical intervention that was implemented to alleviate the sexual dysfunction. Possible approaches and potential pitfalls of the intervention are described. Clinicians must be open to discussions regarding sexual concerns, relationships with sexual partners, and reproductive issues with women suffering from schizophrenia. Both patients and clinicians need to be aware of unintended effects of intervention. Opportunities exist for improved education among clinicians to achieve a more proactive approach to sexual health in women receiving antipsychotic medication.