tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy of Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Antonino Catanzaro, Lynn Spitler, Kenneth M. Moser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Transfer factor (TF) derived from donors with strong delayed hypersensitivity to coccidioidin (CDN) was administered to four patients with active disseminated or progressive pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. The clinical and immunologic response to TF was studied. Before the administration of TF, all four patients had defective thymus-derived lymphocyte (T-cell) function. In no case were lymphocytes in culture stimulated to incorporate [(3)H]thymidine when exposed to CDN. Cases 1 and 2 had no skin test response to CDN or other antigen, nor was antigen-induced migration inhibition factor (MIF) release detected. Cases 3 and 4 had skin reactivity to CDN as well as MIF release. Lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), as measured by the incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine, was low or absent in all. After the administration of TF, patients with negative skin tests became reactive to CDN, MIF release was present in all but case 1, and lymphocyte stimulation was present in response to CDN in all. Lymphocyte reactivity to PHA was also increased after the administration of TF in all cases. All responses to single doses of TF were transient, lasting no more than 10 days. Subsequent doses were less effective at restoring lymphocyte stimulation once it had waned. Multiple doses of TF administered at frequent intervals appear to be the most effective way to maintain lymphocyte reactivity. Clinical response to the administration of TF correlated closely with specific transfer as measured by response to CDN in skin test, lymphocyte stimulation, and MIF release. After TF administration, all patients mounted a more effective host response against the infecting fungus. In each patient, smears and cultures became negative. Fistulas, when present, diminished in extent or closed; and pulmonary infiltrates cleared. Nonspecific signs of infection such as fever, weight loss, and anorexia also improved. Clinical improvement paralleled immunologic improvement. When immunologic improvement was transient so was clinical improvement. Multiple doses of TF at frequent intervals may maintain transferred T-cell reactivity. TF may prove to be a useful adjunct in the management of patients with coccidioidomycosis. Whether TF from CDN-negative donors may have similar effects is not known and requires exploration.
A New MHC Locus That Influences Class I Peptide Presentation
Authors: William A Simmons, Derry C Roopenian, Scott G Summerfield, Richard C Jones, Begoña Galocha, Gregory J Christianson, Shanna D Maika, Ming Zhou, Simon J Gaskell, Robert S Bordoli, Hidde L Ploegh, Clive A Slaughter, Kirsten Fischer Lindahl, Robert E Hammer, Joel D Taurog
Journal: Immunity (1997)
Tales of the unexpected: the basic health unit in Bhutan.
Authors: S D Morris-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Recit d'un stage dans cette region, une des plus pauvres du tiers-monde. Les maladies rencontrees sont la tuberculose, la lepre, les malnutritions, mais aussi des blessure faites par les ours. Quelques «traitements» traditionnels pittoresques sont decrits. On souligne la valeur des «unites de base» dans les zones rurales, traitant efficacement plusieurs centaines de cas par mois
Primer-mediated enzymatic amplification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA. Application to the early diagnosis of CMV infection in marrow transplant recipients.
Authors: S A Cassol, M C Poon, R Pal, M J Naylor, J Culver-James, T J Bowen, J A Russell, S A Krawetz, R T Pon, D I Hoar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

A nucleic acid amplification procedure, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has been used to establish a diagnostic assay for the identification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early sequences in clinical specimens. Preliminary testing against virus-infected cell cultures indicated that the PCR assay was highly CMV-specific, recognizing both wild-type and laboratory strains of CMV. There was no cross-reactivity with human DNA or with DNA from other herpes viruses. The sensitivity of the assay, using cloned CMV AD169 Eco RI fragment-J as template, was 1 viral genome per 40,000 cells. In a prospective study of CMV infection in bone marrow transplant recipients, the PCR assay correctly identified four patients with confirmed CMV infection. In three of these patients who were followed longitudinally, correlation of DNA reactivity with CMV culture and CMV antibody status over time indicated that DNA was the most sensitive marker for the diagnosis of CMV infection.
Abstract 5604: Targeting survivin (<i>BIRC5</i>) with YM155 for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bhavna Kumar, Arti Yadav, Theodoros N. Teknos, Pawan Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide and five-year survival rate (&amp;lt;50%) is among the lowest of the major cancers. Treatment of advanced head and neck tumors remains a challenging clinical problem, due to the persisting high rate of local and distant failure. Currently, many advanced stage head and neck tumors are being treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy but this treatment regimen is often associated with significant toxicity. Recent research efforts have attempted to develop targeted tumor-specific therapies to minimize normal tissue toxicity but maximize therapeutic benefits. One such potential target for HNSCC is survivin (a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family), which is often overexpressed in HNSCC. Our results demonstrate that survivin is significantly upregulated in HNSCC cell lines as compared to normal oral keratinocytes. In this study, we used two cisplatin resistant cell lines; one naturally occurring cisplatin resistant cell line (UM-SCC-74A) and a second cell line (CAL27-PT) that was developed in the laboratory by subjecting a sensitive HNSCC cell line (CAL-27) to multiple rounds of cisplatin treatment. Interestingly, acquisition of cisplatin resistance by CAL27-PT resulted in further increase of survivin expression as compared to the parental cell line. Therefore, we hypothesize that targeting of survivin protein in advanced HNSCC could reverse the resistant phenotype in tumor cells thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy cisplatin treatment. We used both in vitro and in vivo models to test the efficacy of YM155, a small molecule survivin inhibitor, either as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin treatment. YM155 treatment significantly decreased survivin expression in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and colony formation ability of UM-SCC-74A and CAL27-PT cells. In addition, YM155 markedly enhanced the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of cisplatin. This combination treatment was very effective in inducing tumor cell apoptosis as measured by Annexin V staining. In a SCID mouse xenograft model, YM155 significantly enhanced the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of cisplatin treatment with no added systemic toxicity. Taken together, our results suggest a potentially novel strategy to use YM155 to overcome the resistance in tumor cells thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the chemotherapy in HNSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5604. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5604
Human Gene Therapy Trials Overcome Major Hurdle
Authors: F. S. Antoine
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Human Gene Therapy Trials Overcome Major Hurdle Get access Florence S. Antoine Florence S. Antoine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 17, 5 September 1990, Pages 1380–1381, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.17.1380 Published: 05 September 1990
Hepatitis type C after ortothopic liver transplantation: reinfection and disease recurrence
Authors: Alfredo Marzano, Antonina Smedile, Marilena Abate, Antonio Ottobrelli, Maurizia Brunetto, Francesco Negro, Patrizia Farci, Marilena Durazzo, Ezio David, Marco Lagget, Giorgio Verme, Ferruccio Bonino, Mario Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Controversy over Sclerotherapy for Malignant Pleural Effusions
Authors: Mumtaz A. Siddiqui
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 July 1994Controversy over Sclerotherapy for Malignant Pleural EffusionsMumtaz A. Siddiqui, MDMumtaz A. Siddiqui, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-2-199407150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Walker-Renard and colleagues [1] did not consider the potential use of autologous blood for pleurodesis. It has been used for various pleural diseases, including recurrent and chronic spontaneous pneumothorax [2], massive hydrothorax [3], and persistent pulmonary air leak [4].Sedlarik and colleagues [5] described the use of electrically activated autologous blood for pleurodesis in a 48-year-old patient with malignant pleural effusions. The patient required pleurodesis of 60 mL, 50 mL, and 50 mL of electrically activated autologous blood at 10-day intervals with complete response during the 11 months the patient survived. This technique does not require a ...References1. Walker-Renard PB, Vaughan LM, Sahn SA. Chemical pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:56-64. Google Scholar2. Robinson CL. Autologous blood for pleurodesis in recurrent and chronic spontaneous pneumothorax. Can J Surg. 1987; 30:428-9. Google Scholar3. Catizone L, Zuchelli A, Zucchelli P. Hydrothorax in a PD patient: successful treatment with intrapleural autologous blood instillation. Adv Perit Dial. 1991; 7:86-90. Google Scholar4. Dumire R, Crabbe MM, Greg Mappin F, Fontenelle LJ. Autologous blood patch pleurodesis for persistent pulmonary air leak. Chest. 1992; 101:64-6. Google Scholar5. Sedlarik KM, Kirsten D, Durschmied H, Straub B. Pleurodese mit elektrisch aktiviertem autologen blut bei rezidivierenden Pleuraergussen—Vorlaufigfe Mitteilung. Z Arztl Fortbild. 1991; 85:943-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 2Page: 150-151KeywordsBloodHIVHydrothoraxPleural effusionPulmonary diseasesThorax Issue Published: 15 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Potential Residential Exposure to Toxics Release Inventory Chemicals duringPregnancy and Childhood Brain Cancer
Authors: Hannah S. Choi, Youn K. Shim, Wendy E. Kaye, P. Barry Ryan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Although the susceptibility of the developing fetus to various chemical exposures is well documented, the role of environmental chemicals in childhood brain cancer etiology is not well understood.We aimed to evaluate whether mothers of childhood brain cancer cases had greater potential residential exposure to Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals than control mothers during pregnancy.We included 382 brain cancer cases diagnosed at < 10 years of age from 1993 through 1997 who were identified from four statewide cancer registries. One-to-one matched controls were selected by random-digit dialing. Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted. Using residential history of mothers during pregnancy, we measured proximity to TRI facilities and exposure index, including mass and chemicals released. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression to estimate brain cancer risk associated with TRI chemicals.Increased risk was observed for mothers living within 1 mi of a TRI facility (OR = 1.66 ; 95% CI, 1.11-2.48) and living within 1 mi of a facility releasing carcinogens (OR = 1.72 ; 95% CI, 1.05-2.82) for having children diagnosed with brain cancer before 5 years of age, compared to living > 1 mi from a facility. Taking into account the mass and toxicity of chemical releases, we found a nonsignificant increase in risk (OR = 1.25 ; 95% CI, 0.67-2.34) comparing those with the lowest versus highest exposure index.Risk of childhood brain cancers may be associated with living near a TRI facility ; however, this is an exploratory study and further studies are needed.
Slow Molecular Clocks in Old World Monkeys, Apes, and Humans
Authors: Soojin Yi, Darrell L. Ellsworth, Wen-Hsiung Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Two longstanding issues on the molecular clock hypothesis are studied in this article. First, is there a global molecular clock in mammals? Although many authors have observed unequal rates of nucleotide substitution among mammalian lineages, some authors have proposed a global clock for all eutherians, i.e., a single global rate of 2.2 x 10(-9) substitutions per nucleotide site per year. We reexamine this issue using noncoding, nonrepetitive DNA from Old World monkeys (OWMs), chimpanzee, and human. First, using the minimal date of 6 MYA for the human-chimpanzee divergence and more than 2.5 million base pairs of genomic sequences from human and chimpanzee, we estimate a maximal rate of 0.99 x 10(-9) for noncoding, nonrepetitive genomic regions for these two species. This estimate is less than half of the proposed global rate and much smaller than the commonly used rate (3.5 x 10(-9)) for eutherians. Further, using a minimal date of 23 MYA for the human-OWM divergence, we estimate a maximal rate of 1.5 x 10(-9) for both introns and fourfold degenerate sites in humans and OWMs. In addition, with the New World monkey (NWM) lineage as an outgroup, we estimate that the rate of substitution in introns is 30% higher in the OWM lineage than in the human lineage. Clearly, there is no global molecular clock in eutherians. Second, although many studies have indicated considerable variation in the mutation rate among regions of the mammalian genome, a recent study proposed a uniform rate. Using new and existing intron sequence data from higher primates, we find significant rate variation among genomic regions and a positive correlation between the rate of substitution and the GC content, refuting the claim of a uniform rate.
Proteinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D Brackertz, J Hagmann, F Kueppers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

The concentrations of five normally occurring protease inhibitors in serum and synovial fluid were compared in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, and normal controls. The patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed a significant rise in alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (in decreasing order) in serum as well as in synovial fluid. In synovial fluid the inhibitors were present in their native form and bound to hyaluronate. A large molecular protein with immunological specificity of alpha1-antitrypsin, presumably a complex of alpha1-antitrypsin and a protease, could be shown in synovial fluid of all patients with classical and probable rheumatoid arthritis and not in that of the other subjects studied.23Author
No bridge over the stream of consciousness
Authors: Daniel C. Dennett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Pessoa et al.'s target article shows that although filling-in of various kinds does appear to occur in the brain, it is not required in order to furnish a “bridge locus” where neural events are “isomorphic” to the features of visual consciousness. Some recently uncovered completion phenomena may well play a crucial role in the elaboration of normal visual experience, but others occur too slowly to contribute to normal visual content.
Pancreas Transplantation and Diabetic Complications
Authors: Livio Luzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Hyperglycemia is an important factor in the development and progression of the complications of diabetes mellitus. In this issue of the Journal, Fioretto et al. report that pancreas transplantation reverses the lesions of diabetic nephropathy in patients who have type 1 diabetes without uremia and who become normoglycemic after transplantation.1 Successful transplantation of the pancreas (alone or in combination with a kidney) normalizes glucose homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes, but the effect of the graft on diabetic complications is variable.2 It results in improvement in diabetic neuropathy but not diabetic retinopathy. The lack of improvement in retinopathy is . . .
Trust plans to slash one in three consultant posts
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust is planning to slash the number of consultant posts by a third and that of staff, associate specialist, and specialty (SAS) doctor posts by 40% in a bid to cope with 5% year on year spending cuts over the next three years.

The mental health trust aims to reduce the number of whole-time equivalent consultant posts from 99.76 to 66.7 and the number of SAS doctor posts from 39.42 to 15.92 by 2016. 

A total of 500 clinical and non-clinical posts and 20% of inpatient beds at the trusts are expected to be cut as part of a service redesign that aims to deliver more care in the community and avoid “expensive hospital care.” …
Catheter-directed thrombolysis reduced the postthrombotic syndrome in acute iliofemoral DVT
Authors: Tracy Minichiello
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Enden T, Haig Y, Kløw NE, et al; CaVenT Study Group. Long-term outcome after additional catheter-directed thrombolysis versus standard treatment for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (the CaVenT study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;379:31-8. 22172244
"Abnormal" illness behaviour in chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple sclerosis
Authors: P. Trigwell, S. Hatcher, M. Johnson, P. Stanley, A. House
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate the presence of abnormal illness behaviour in patients with a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. <b>Design</b>: A cross sectional descriptive study using the illness behaviour questionnaire to compare illness behaviour scores and illness behaviour profiles of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and patients with multiple sclerosis. <b>Setting</b>: A multidisciplinary fatigue clinic and a teaching hospital neurology outpatient clinic. <b>Subjects</b>: 98 patients satisfying the Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and 78 patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Responses to the 62 item illness behaviour questionnaire. <b>Results</b>: 90 (92%) patients in the chronic fatigue syndrome group and 70 (90%) in the multiple sclerosis group completed the illness behaviour questionnaire. Both groups had significantly high scores on the general hypochondriasis and disease conviction subscales and significantly low scores on the psychological versus somatic concern subscale, as measured in relation to normative data. There were, however, no significant differences in the subscale scores between the two groups and the two groups had identical illness behaviour profiles. <b>Conclusion</b>: Scores on the illness behaviour questionnaire cannot be taken as evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome is a variety of abnormal illness behaviour, because the same profile occurs in multiple sclerosis. Neither can they be taken as evidence that chronic fatigue and multiple sclerosis share an aetiology. More needs to be known about the origins of illness beliefs in chronic fatigue syndrome, especially as they are important in determining outcome.
Effects of chronic atrial fibrillation on gap junction distribution in human and rat atria
Authors: Lioudmila Polontchouk, Jacques-Antoine Haefliger, Berit Ebelt, Thomas Schaefer, Dominik Stuhlmann, Uwe Mehlhorn, Ferdinand Kuhn-Regnier, E.Rainer De Vivie, Stefan Dhein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
KLF6-SV1 overexpression accelerates human and mouse prostate cancer progression and metastasis
Authors: Goutham Narla, Analisa DiFeo, Yolanda Fernandez, Saravana Dhanasekaran, Fei Huang, Jaya Sangodkar, Eldad Hod, Devin Leake, Scott L. Friedman, Simon J. Hall, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, William L. Gerald, Mark A. Rubin, John A. Martignetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in men. The molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from localized tumor to hormone-refractory metastatic PCa remain largely unknown, and their identification is key for predicting prognosis and targeted therapy. Here we demonstrated that increased expression of a splice variant of the Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) tumor suppressor gene, known as KLF6-SV1, in tumors from men after prostatectomy predicted markedly poorer survival and disease recurrence profiles. Analysis of tumor samples revealed that KLF6-SV1 levels were specifically upregulated in hormone-refractory metastatic PCa. In 2 complementary mouse models of metastatic PCa, KLF6-SV1-overexpressing PCa cells were shown by in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescent imaging to metastasize more rapidly and to disseminate to lymph nodes, bone, and brain more often. Interestingly, while KLF6-SV1 overexpression increased metastasis, it did not affect localized tumor growth. KLF6-SV1 inhibition using RNAi induced spontaneous apoptosis in cultured PCa cell lines and suppressed tumor growth in mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that KLF6-SV1 expression levels in PCa tumors at the time of diagnosis can predict the metastatic behavior of the tumor; thus, KLF-SV1 may represent a novel therapeutic target.
Effect of antibiotics as cholesterol-lowering agents
Authors: David J.A. Jenkins, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Maryam Hamidi, Edward Vidgen, Dorothea Faulkner, Tina Parker, Nalini Irani, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Ignatius Fong, Peter Kopplin, Philip W. Connelly, Andrew Onderdonk, A. Venket Rao
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Preventing malaria in travellers
Authors: David G Lalloo, David R Hill
Journal: BMJ (2008)

#### Summary points Protecting travellers against malaria is increasingly important as the number travelling overseas continues to rise, with a disproportionate increase in visits to tropical areas where malaria transmission may occur. Each year about 1700 cases of malaria occur in the United Kingdom, 1300 in the United States, and 3000 in France.1 2 3 In the UK, about 75% of these cases are caused by Plasmodium falciparum , which produces the most severe form of malaria; five to 16 deaths occur annually and are nearly always in cases of falciparum malaria.1 Most infections occur in travellers resident in the UK, rather than in visitors to the UK. Malaria is a major risk for travellers if they do not take chemoprophylaxis or if they take incorrect prophylaxis.4 5 This review explores how to protect travellers from malaria. Most of the evidence base for malaria prophylaxis comes from small randomised controlled trials or observational studies. A useful approach is the "ABCD" of malaria prevention: Awareness of risk, Bite avoidance, Compliance with chemoprophylaxis, and the prompt Diagnosis of malaria (box 1) #### Box 1 Harm-benefit assessment based on the "ABCD" approach to malaria prevention* ##### Assessment and awareness of malaria risk ##### Bite avoidance ##### Chemoprophylaxis