tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency with severe hypoglycemia and auriculo ventricular block. Translocase assay in permeabilized fibroblasts.
Authors: S V Pande, M Brivet, A Slama, F Demaugre, C Aufrant, J M Saudubray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Deficiency of the enzymes of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and related carnitine dependent steps have been shown to be one of the causes of the fasting-induced hypoketotic hypoglycemia. We describe here carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency in a neonate who died eight days after birth. The proband showed severe fasting-induced hypoketotic hypoglycemia, high plasma creatine kinase, heartbeat disorder, hypothermia, and hyperammonemia. The plasma-free carnitine on day three was only 3 microM, and 92% of the total carnitine (37 microM) was present as acylcarnitine. Treatments with intravenous glucose, carnitine, and medium-chain triglycerides had been tried without improvements. Measurements in fibroblasts confirmed deficient oxidation of palmitate and showed normal activities of the carnitine palmitoyltransferases I and II and of the three acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. A total deficiency of the carnitine-acyl-carnitine translocase was found in fibroblasts using the carnitine acetylation assay (1986. Biochem. J. 236:143-148). This assay has been further simplified by seeking conditions permitting application to permeabilized fibroblasts and lymphocytes.
Direct neurohumoral evidence for isolated sympathetic nervous system activation to skeletal muscle in response to cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading.
Authors: R G Baily, S A Prophet, J S Shenberger, R Zelis, L I Sinoway
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

It has been postulated that cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading in humans results in nonuniform activation of the sympathetic nervous system. We reasoned that simultaneous measurements of arterial and venous norepinephrine (NE) spillover and clearance (using NE kinetics), muscle sympathetic neural activity (using microneurography), forearm blood flow (using plethysmography), and skin blood flow (using laser Doppler velocimetry) during lower body negative pressure at -15 mm Hg would isolate the location and extent of cardiopulmonary baroreceptor-mediated sympathetic nervous system activation. We exposed normal subjects (n = 8) to lower body negative pressure for 30 minutes, with measurements obtained at baseline, 5-10 minutes (EARLY), and 25-30 minutes (LATE). We found that arterial NE spillover, reflecting systemic sympathetic nervous system activation, did not increase significantly, whereas arterial NE clearance decreased significantly. In contrast, forearm venous NE spillover, reflecting skin and muscle sympathetic nervous system activation, increased by 17% and muscle sympathetic neural activity by 35% EARLY, whereas venous clearance did not change significantly. Although laser Doppler skin blood flow did not change, plethysmographic forearm blood flow (combined muscle and skin blood flow) decreased by 28%. All changes were sustained throughout 30 minutes of lower body negative pressure. Our data suggest that sympathetic vasoconstriction to muscle is greater than it is to skin in response to cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading. Moreover, our data suggest that reduced NE clearance in the arterial circulation is the primary mechanism by which arterial NE concentrations rise. Conversely, NE spillover appears to be the primary mechanism responsible for increasing venous NE concentrations measured from the forearm during cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading.
The Arrest of Christ
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome: Four Decades of Research
Authors: Thomas M. Cosgriff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is an acute infectious illness characterized by fever, hemorrhage, and renal failure. Research over the last 40 years has led to the discovery and characterization of the causative viruses, detailed knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease, development of sensitive diagnostic assays, and improvements in patient management, which in turn have led to significant reductions in mortality. Considerable progress has also been made in elucidating the pathophysiology of the disease, although much more needs to be learned. Recent data show that hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome has a wider geographic occurrence than previously thought. This syndrome must be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure of unknown cause.
DUPLEX PERSONALITY—ITS RELATION TO HYPNOTISM AND TO LUCIDITY.
Authors: R. OSGOOD MASON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

After a hundred years of obloquy, hypnotism, with some of its most important phenomena, stands to-day an accepted fact. Telepathy may be looked upon with suspicion; clairvoyance may be suffering in reputation from contact with charlatanry, but the simple hypnotic state with its conditions of lethargy, catalepsy and somnambulism, has passed from the region of doubt and hypothesis to that of a fact in mental science. It is comparatively a newcomer in the scientific world. As a wanderer—an Ishmaelite of unrecognized pedigree and doubtful reputation, it has long been heard of, but no one felt bound, and few felt inclined to make its acquaintance; but now with godfathers and sponsors of the highest respectability in the scientific world, it stands upon its rights and demands place and consideration. It is no pigmy nor weakling, this newcomer; it has thriven and grown lusty on thorns and stripes, and now it stands
The downstream financial effect of hepatology
Authors: Stanley Martin Cohen, Sushama Gundlapalli, Ami R. Shah, Tricia J. Johnson, John A. Rechner, Donald M. Jensen
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

As a more consultative but less procedurally oriented specialty, Hepatology has been considered a financial liability in some academic centers. However, no actual data exist on the relative contribution of a Hepatology practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect (i.e., downstream effect) charges generated by a Hepatology section in comparison with a Gastroenterology section. Using a computerized database, retrospective cohorts of new outpatient consultations and initial admissions seen by the Hepatology and Gastroenterology sections over a 3-month period were created. The cohorts were followed for 12 months. Charges generated directly to the section (direct charges) and to the hospital system (indirect charges) were calculated. Each cohort consisted of 179 patients. The Hepatology patients generated 5,851,463 dollars in overall charges for the hospital, compared with 2,273,339 dollars for the Gastroenterology cohort. Only 3.6% of the Hepatology charges were direct, compared with 15.9% of the Gastroenterology charges. For every 1 dollar billed by Hepatology, the hospital system generated an additional 26.95 dollars in charges (51.03 dollars for the orthotopic liver transplantation patients, and 14.26 dollars for the non-orthotopic liver transplantation patients). For every 1 dollar billed by Gastroenterology, the hospital system generated an additional 5.31 dollars in charges. Similar inpatient collection rates were seen between the two groups (27.7% for hepatology and 33.6% for gastroenterology). In conclusion, although Hepatology generates only a small amount of direct charges, it accounts for a very substantial amount of indirect or downstream billing for an academic medical center. This study validates the importance of a hospital's support for a Hepatology section, especially in a center performing orthotopic liver transplantation.
1167 IL-28 GENE VARIATION PREDICTS WHO WILL RESPOND TO INTERFERON-BASED TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN A FRENCH COHORT
Authors: P. Halfon, M. Bourlière, D. Ouzan, C. Renou, C. Wartelle, G. Pénaranda, A. Tran, D. Botta, V. Oulès, P. Castellani, I. Portal, L. Argiro, A. Dessein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Development and Clinical Application of a New Method for the Radioimmunoassay of Arginine Vasopressin in Human Plasma
Authors: Gary L. Robertson, Ermelinda A. Mahr, Shahid Athar, Tushar Sinha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

A radioimmunoassay has been developed that permits reliable measurements of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) at concentrations as low as 0.5 pg/ml in sample volumes of 1 ml or less. Nonhormonal immunoreactivity associated with the plasma proteins is eliminated by acetone precipitation before assay, leaving unaltered a component that is immunologically and chromatographically indistinguishable from standard AVP. Storage of plasma results in a decline in AVP concentration and, thus, must be carefully regulated. The plasma AVP values obtained by our method approximate the anticipated levels and vary in accordance with physiologic expections. In recumbent normal subjects, plasma AVP ranged from (mean +/-SD) 5.4+/-3.4 pg/ml after fluid deprivation to 1.4+/-0.8 pg/ml after water loading, and correlated significantly with both plasma osmolality (r=0.52; P<0.001) and urine osmolality (r=0.77; P<0.001). After fluid restriction, plasma AVP was uniformly normal relative to plasma osmolality in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia but was distinctly subnormal in all patients with pituitary diabetes insipidus. The infusion of physiologic amounts of posterior pituitary extract caused a dose-related rise in plasma vasopressin that afterwards declined at the expected rate (t(1/2)=22.5+/-4 min). We conclude that, when used appropriately, our radioimmunoassay method provides a useful way of assessing AVP function in man.
On welfare in a state
Authors: M. Mckee
Journal: BMJ (1996)

For some people, state support for those in need is going out of fashion. We met a selection of them in the first of two programmes from the Panorama team on the future of the welfare state. We were told that costs are spiralling out of control, that many of those on benefit are too lazy to look for work, that benefits are far too generous, and even that the welfare state is contributing to family breakdown, making it easier for people to walk away from problems that they once would have had to sort out.

But others are not so sure. While some interviewees painted a picture of feckless individuals lazing about at the taxpayer's expense rather than looking for one of the many jobs available, could it be that those who fall off the ladder of education and employment descend into a vicious downward spiral with little hope of recovery? Panorama went to Hastings to find out. With 16% male unemployment, it is one of the most deprived …
Association of glycated albumin, but not glycated hemoglobin, with calcaneus quantitative ultrasound in male hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shinsuke Yamada, Masaaki Inaba, Shigeki Okada, Yasuo Imanishi, Katsuhito Mori, Masanori Emoto, Eiji Ishimura, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Practical challenges of introducing WHO surgical checklist: UK pilot experience
Authors: A Vats, C A Vincent, K Nagpal, R W Davies, A Darzi, K Moorthy
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The WHO checklist has the potential to reduce preventable adverse events in surgery. But <b>A Vats and colleagues</b>’ experience suggests that a careful and rigorous implementation plan is required to ensure that the checklist is used routinely and correctly
Submucous Resection of Deflected Nasal Septa.
Authors: Francis W. Alter
Journal: JAMA (1905)

peutic application and cited four eases in which brewers yeast was used with satisfactory results.Since this time I have used fresh brewers yeast in all cases of tuberculosis, in private practice and in the wards of the German Hospital, and believe, as I did, and as amply verified in the paper of Huggard and Marland that brewers yeast is a valuable rem¬ edy in cases of tuberculosis.Brewers yeast has proved it¬ self, if anything, even more gratifying in its results in a number of cases of bronchopneumonia where resolution of the lung and convalescence was too prolonged.By giving it in large doses of from two to three ounces three times a day resolution has been hastened, and the patients have im¬ proved in weight and strength.
Glomerular Tubular Reflux-A Morphologic Renal Lesion Associated with the Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: Gary C. Kanel, Robert L. Peters
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The hepatorenal syndrome, a primary cause of death from acute and chronic liver disease, consists of a functional renal failure whereby examination of the kidney has previously shown no distinct or specific morphologic change. We describe an unusual renal lesion consisting of the reflux of proximal convoluted tubular epithelium into Bowman's space. An autopsy series shows this glomerular change to be present in 71.4% of cases with the hepatorenal syndrome, while only present in 0 to 27.3% in other autopsy categories (p < 0.001). Since this lesion has been previously described with experimental renal ischemic change and terminal hypotension, it is possible that it is caused in part by the decreased or altered renal blood flow known to be associated with the hepatorenal syndrome.
An Outbreak of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Richard D. O'Toole
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Between Jan 3 and Feb 21,1969, a single strain of coagulase-positive, methicillin-resistant, type 84 Staphylococcus was isolated from six hospitalized patients. Two patients died of staphylococcal pneumonia, one recovered from aspiration pneumonia, another developed a wound infection, and two became asymptomatic carriers. Extensive culturing of samples of nasal secretions from hospital personnel did not reveal a source of infection; however, the suspected index case was traced to local nursing homes where two additional cases were detected. Spread of staphylococci among patients appeared to have occurred primarily by way of temporary hand carriage by personnel, and the organisms exhibited limited capacity for colonization of patients not receiving antimicrobial agents.
M139 Frailty And Premature Cardiovascular Ageing In Copd
Authors: A. Albarrati, N. Gale, S. Enright, M. Munnery, I. Munnery, S. Saikia, J. Cockcroft, D. Shale
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Presence of comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) parallels the accumulation of multiple system deficits associated with ageing and assessed as frailty. An important association of frailty in the elderly is increased cardiovascular disease, which is also a major cause of mortality in COPD.<sup>1</sup> However, frailty has not been extensively studied in COPD. We hypothesised that frailty in COPD would be associated with biomarkers of greater systemic involvement including cardiovascular and indicating premature cardiovascular ageing. <h3>Methods</h3> Frailty was determined as a Frailty Index (FI) using the 61-element comprehensive geriatric assessment questionnaire in 500 patients with stable COPD, confirmed with spirometry, and 150 non-COPD comparators. This cross-sectional study was taken from within the ARCADE study. Other assessments included body composition; handgrip strength (HGS); aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV); cardiac haemodynamics; 6 min walk distance (6MWD); Timed Up and Go (TUG) test; St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The FI was calculated by dividing the number of deficits that the patient had by the maximum, 61 <h3>Results</h3> Patients and comparators were similar for age, BMI and gender proportion. The FI was greater in the COPD group; mean (95% CI), 0.15 (0.14–0.16) than in comparators, 0.05 (0.03–0.05), independent of age, p <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with COPD were frail compared with the comparator group of current or ex-smokers, independent of age. Frailty status in the patients was associated with a greater severity of the extra-pulmonary involvement including cardiovascular risk based on greater aortic PWV. Increased aortic PWV in frail patients was independent of blood pressure. These findings are consistent with premature cardiovascular ageing in COPD. <h3>Reference</h3> Newman <i>et al</i>. <i>J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci,</i> 2001;56:M158-66
Gene delivery from replication-selective viruses: arming guided missiles in the war against cancer
Authors: Terry Hermiston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Gene therapy aims to deliver therapeutic genetic material in a safe and efficient manner to a target tissue, where it can accumulate to levels that afford maximal patient benefit. Replication-defective viral vectors have been the workhorse of gene therapy for cancer and other conditions. These vectors allow the efficient delivery of a variety of transgenes to target tissues and have demonstrated clear therapeutic benefit and safety in a variety of preclinical neoplastic animal models. Unfortunately, the tremendous promise of studies using replication-defective viruses in preclinical models has not been translated into similar patient benefits in the clinical setting (1–3). This shortfall may be due in large part to the one-dimensional nature of these approaches, asking for a successful therapeutic outcome against a highly complex biological target like a human tumor through the activity of a single gene. Therapeutic gene delivery needs to develop into a multidimensional system if it is to be successful in treating human cancers. A natural evolution of gene therapy is its incorporation into replication-selective oncolytic viruses, combining the antitumor properties of the viral infection with the action of the therapeutic proteins.
Correlation of Serum Glycolytic Enzymes and Acid Phosphatases with Sites of Metastases in Mammary Carcinomatosis
Authors: K. A. Jegatheesan, G. F. Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Abul-Fadl, M. A. M., and King, E. J. (1949). Biochem. J., 45, 51. Bing, R. J., Castellanos, A., and Siegel, A. (1957). J. Amer. med. Ass., 164. 647. Bodansky. 0. (1954a). Cancer (Philad.), 7, 1200. (1954b). Ihid.. 7, 1191. (1957a). Ibid.. 10. 859. (1957b). Ibid., 10 865. Bruns. F., and Hinsherg, K. (1954). Biochem. Z., 325, 532. Fishman, WV. I., Bonner, C. D., and Homburger, F. (1956). New Engl. J. Med.. 255, 925. Fraser, R., and Joplin, G. F. (1960). Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 53, 81. Laws, J. W., Morrison, R., and Steiner, R. E. (1959). Lancet, 1, 382. Hill, B. R., and Levi, C. (1954). Cancer Res., 14, 513. Israels, L. G., and Delory, G. E. (1956). Brit. J. Cancer, 1Q 318. Jegatheesan, K. A. (1959). Acid Phosphatase and Glycolytic Enzymes in Cancer. Thesis for Ph.D., University of London. and Joplin. G F. ( 1962). Brit. med. J., 1, and King. E. J. (1Q62). To be published. King, E. J., and Jegatheesan, K. A. (1959). J. clin. Path., 12, 85. Lemon, R. M., and Reynolds, M. D. (1956). Proc. Amer. Ass. Cancer Res., 2. 129. Schapira, G., Dreyfus, J. C., Schapira, F., and Kruh, J. (1955). Amer. J. phys. Med.. 34, 313. Sibley, J. A.. and, Fleisher, G. A. (1954). Proc. Mayo Clin., 29, 591. and Lehninger, A. L. (1949). J. biol. Chem., 177, 859. White, L. P. (1956). New Engl. J. Med., 255, 984. (1958). J. nat. Cancer Inst., 21, 671.
Live Attenuated or Inactivated Influenza Vaccines and Medical Encounters for Respiratory Illnesses Among US Military Personnel
Authors: Zhong Wang
Journal: JAMA (2009)

AREprone to outbreaks of respiratory illness such as influenza for a variety of reasons, including crowding and stressful conditions. 1-3Before the availability of an influenza vaccine, the military population experienced high mortality and morbidity during such outbreaks.Trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV), administered intramuscularly, was first developed and tested in the military in the 1940s and has been used annually since the 1950s to prevent influenza and its complications. 4n 2003, a live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) with the same antigenic characteristics as TIV was formulated for intranasal application and approved for use among healthy adults.Service members were immediately targeted for LAIV use by the US Department of Defense (DOD) because of the ease of vaccine administration and availability early in the season.During the TIV vaccine shortage in 2004, the DOD agreed to preferentially use LAIV to increase the availability of TIV. 5 Although TIV remained the predominant vaccine until the 2006-2007 season, LAIV has increasingly become the preferred vac-cine for service members while TIV is reserved for those with higher risk for respiratory diseases or contraindications to LAIV. 6,7ecent clinical trials comparing LAIV with TIV suggest that LAIV has superior efficacy over TIV among young
Factors influencing participation in audit
Authors: J R M Lough, J Mckay, T S Murray
Journal: BMJ (1995)

that performance indicators as introduced by family health services authorities will be used punitively to identify deficiencies and exert con- trol.Continuous quality improvement aims not to blame but, instead, to seek the root causes of a failure in process that can be improved.3Important tenets of continuous quality improvement are that efforts for improvement are internally driven, not an external mandate; that it focuses on systems first and individuals second; that it recognises that error free care cannot be guaranteed but instead empha- sises that the quality of care can always be contin- uously improved; and that the commitment of leaders is necessary.2Quality of care should be assessed and moni- tored and efforts made to improve standards.Nevertheless, the imposition of performance indicators by family health services authorities without consultation and negotiation is unlikely to be as beneficial as a well planned quality improve- ment programme that aims to get each primary health care team continually to improve the quality of care provided.As with many things that are imposed, people will try to find ways of cheating the system and of going through the motions of monitoring and evaluation while not really believ- ing in them.Performance indicators can certainly be useful, but they should be only one of many tools used in a much wider programme that seeks to improve quality of care.It is also vital that any such project be proactive and a collaborative effort between management and all those in the front line of the provision ofhealth care.