tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Piece of My Mind: JAMA Makes Reader Go Cold Turkey: Protest Lodged
Authors: John A. Blaschke
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  One cannot review the Table of Contents 1 of JAMA (June 2 issue) without a sense of loss at what must be an inadvertent omission of the most important portion ofThe Journal, A Piece of My Mind.  Increasingly over the past year I have eagerly received JAMA each week and hungrily turned to this particular page, at times between patients.  The capacity of physicians in America to contribute toThe Journalin this particular form is remarkable, as is the creative intensity of physicians looking at life through different perspectives and writing of their thoughts, feelings, moods, attitudes, and opinions.  The essay entitled For Want of a Sail 2 in the May 26 issue has to be one of the most amusing essays I have read in many years. On a day when doomsday seemed to be approaching from every direction, I found myself chuckling
Fibrinogen-Detectable Thrombosis in the Legs and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: N. L. Browse, G. Clemenson, D. N. Croft
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Thrombosis in the deep veins of the legs commonly follows surgical operations but is often undiagnosed. The fibrinogen uptake test is an aid to its detection. Perfusion lung scanning after injection of labelled macroalbumin aggregates has advanced the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Studies were carried out on 40 patients undergoing surgical operation to determine whether the results of the fibrinogen uptake test were correlated with those of ventilation-perfusion lung scanning. A statistically significant relationship was found: 18% of patients had small, clinically silent emboli.
Germany may allow employers to introduce gene tests for job seekers
Authors: Jane Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Gene testing for hereditary diseases could become routine for people applying for jobs in Germany if the government enacts draft legislation, the county's national ethics council has warned.

The German government has produced draft legislation that would allow employers to carry out gene tests on people applying for jobs that could potentially be used to identify hereditary genetic disorders.

The draft law says that “genetic examinations at the level of phenotypes will be allowed in as far as they permit an assessment of the [applicant's] current suitability for …
Hepatic injury after nonmyeloablative conditioning followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a study of 193 patients
Authors: William J. Hogan, Michael Maris, Barry Storer, Brenda M. Sandmaier, David G. Maloney, H. Gary Schoch, Ann E. Woolfrey, Howard M. Shulman, Rainer Storb, George B. McDonald
Journal: Blood (2003)
Testosterone metabolism by the rat gastrointestinal tract, in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: M J Farthing, G P Vinson, C R Edwards, A M Dawson
Journal: Gut (1982)

We have shown previously that the capacity of the jejunal mucosa to oxidise testosterone to the weaker androgen, androstenedione, by the enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD), is considerable. The present study extends these earlier observations by measuring 17 beta-HSD activity in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract, by investigating the potential for testosterone metabolism by slices and everted sacs of rat jejunum, and estimating the contribution of intestinal testosterone metabolites to circulating levels of plasma androgens, by portal vein sampling in the rat, in vivo. 17 beta-HSD activity in homogenates of gastric and duodenal mucosa was significantly higher than that in jejunum, and was also present in ileum and colon. In addition to androstenedione, slices and everted sacs of rat jejunum produced various metabolites, one of which was probably dihydrotestosterone. It was not, however, a major metabolite in vivo. It is suggested that 5 alpha-reduction may be favoured in vitro by a lower oxidation-reduction potential resulting from tissue anoxia. The major portal vein metabolite was androstenedione, the same major metabolite produced by mucosal homogenates. We conclude that oxidation of testosterone is the major metabolic pathway in intestinal mucosa and the capacity of the gastrointestinal tract to reduce the potency of testosterone is considerable. Our findings suggest that the gut, rather than the liver, is responsible for the failure of oral testosterone to provide effective androgen replacement therapy. The qualitative difference in testosterone metabolism between in vitro and in vivo preparations emphasises the need for caution in the interpretation of similar in vitro experiments.
VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY IN THE MONKEY
Authors: James S. Dinning, Paul L. Day
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Eight young rhesus monkeys were fed a purified diet devoid of vitamin E. After from 6 to 13 months of feeding, all the animals developed signs of vitamin E deficiency. The signs of vitamin E deficiency in the monkey include muscular dystrophy, elevated excretion of creatine, allantoin, and free amino acids and decreased excretion of creatinine. The vitamin E-deficient monkeys all developed anemia and granulocytosis. Anemia was the first sign of vitamin E deficiency which was observed. All of these signs of vitamin E deficiency were reversed by treatment with alpha-tocopherol.
Valganciclovir for Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease
Authors: David W. Kimberlin, Penelope M. Jester, Pablo J. Sánchez, Amina Ahmed, Ravit Arav-Boger, Marian G. Michaels, Negar Ashouri, Janet A. Englund, Benjamin Estrada, Richard F. Jacobs, José R. Romero, Sunil K. Sood, M. Suzanne Whitworth, Mark J. Abzug, Mary T. Caserta, Sandra Fowler, Jorge Lujan-Zilbermann, Gregory A. Storch, Roberta L. DeBiasi, Jin-Young Han, April Palmer, Leonard B. Weiner, Joseph A. Bocchini, Penelope H. Dennehy, Adam Finn, Paul D. Griffiths, Suzanne Luck, Kathleen Gutierrez, Natasha Halasa, James Homans, Andi L. Shane, Michael Sharland, Kari Simonsen, John A. Vanchiere, Charles R. Woods, Diane L. Sabo, Inmaculada Aban, Huichien Kuo, Scott H. James, Mark N. Prichard, Jill Griffin, Dusty Giles, Edward P. Acosta, Richard J. Whitley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The treatment of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease with intravenous ganciclovir for 6 weeks has been shown to improve audiologic outcomes at 6 months, but the benefits wane over time.We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of valganciclovir therapy in neonates with symptomatic congenital CMV disease, comparing 6 months of therapy with 6 weeks of therapy. The primary end point was the change in hearing in the better ear ("best-ear" hearing) from baseline to 6 months. Secondary end points included the change in hearing from baseline to follow-up at 12 and 24 months and neurodevelopmental outcomes, with each end point adjusted for central nervous system involvement at baseline.A total of 96 neonates underwent randomization, of whom 86 had follow-up data at 6 months that could be evaluated. Best-ear hearing at 6 months was similar in the 6-month group and the 6-week group (2 and 3 participants, respectively, had improvement; 36 and 37 had no change; and 5 and 3 had worsening; P=0.41). Total-ear hearing (hearing in one or both ears that could be evaluated) was more likely to be improved or to remain normal at 12 months in the 6-month group than in the 6-week group (73% vs. 57%, P=0.01). The benefit in total-ear hearing was maintained at 24 months (77% vs. 64%, P=0.04). At 24 months, the 6-month group, as compared with the 6-week group, had better neurodevelopmental scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition, on the language-composite component (P=0.004) and on the receptive-communication scale (P=0.003). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 19% of the participants during the first 6 weeks. During the next 4.5 months of the study, grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 21% of the participants in the 6-month group and in 27% of those in the 6-week group (P=0.64).Treating symptomatic congenital CMV disease with valganciclovir for 6 months, as compared with 6 weeks, did not improve hearing in the short term but appeared to improve hearing and developmental outcomes modestly in the longer term. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00466817.).
Effects of proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) followed by total vagotomy (TV) on postprandial and fasting myoelectrical activity of the canine stomach and duodenum.
Authors: P Aeberhard, B S Bedi
Journal: Gut (1977)

Experiments were designed to study the effect of proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) followed by total vagotomy (TV) on the myoelectrical activity of the canine stomach and duodenum after a meat meal and during fasting. Dogs were prepared with chronically implanted Ag-AgCl-electrodes on the stomach and duodenum. Recordings of electrical activity were made for one hour after the ingestion of a meat meal and records of four to six hours were taken on the fasting animals. In the postprandial records no effect on co-ordination of antral and duodenal myoelectrical activity was found after either PGV or TV. These results suggest that the co-ordinating mechanism is not dependent on vagal innervation. Impairment of gastric emptying after TV does not appear to be due to disturbance of antral-duodenal conduction. Normal patterns of fasting activity were found in control and after PGV. They were grossly disturbed after TV, probably because of delayed gastric emptying. These findings suggest that PGV does not delay gastric emptying as does TV, and that the proximal vagal supply to the stomach is unimportant in the control of fasting activity.
Points: Spinal cord disease due to Schistosoma mansoni successfully treated with oxamniquine
Authors: R T Mossop
Journal: BMJ (1984)

determined by the degree with which death is desired.For those who dread it, time rushes by; there is no time to do everything, as with a student approaching his finals, or a condemned man his execution.For those who have had enough of life and welcome death, time hangs heavy, as with a child awaiting Christmas Day.As Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough was wont to sigh in crippled old age, "If I could have walked out of this world, I would have departed long ago."'I Green D. Sarah, Duchess of
Daniel Drake and the Crisis in American Medicine of the 19th Century
Authors: Henry D. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1985)

From the perspective of the 20th century, American medicine during all of Daniel Drake's lifetime was in a state of crisis.<sup>1</sup>Despite its ancient and honorable past and the best efforts of generations of theoreticians and practitioners, medicine lacked both a body of theory that adequately explained health or illness and a set of procedures adequate for the treatment of illness or the maintenance of health. It was thus no "science," but it was also no "profession," for it lacked a set of commonly held assumptions concerning the proper practice of the craft and its proper role in society, and an agreement upon the knowledge that was necessary to practitioners and that thus might form the curriculum of medical education. This did not stop the physicians and surgeons of 150 or 200 years ago from practicing medicine, of course, or from writing systematic treatises on disease, its nature, its
Hiding and hauntings
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Spy stories, with few exceptions, fail to excite me; I prefer a good murder any day. But one of the most gripping books I have ever read was by Joseph Kessel, Les Mains du Miracle , translated into English as The Magic Touch or, in the United States, as The Miraculous Hands . It is about Heinrich Himmler’s personal doctor, Felix Kersten.

Kessel (1898–1979), like so many writers the son of a doctor, was born in Argentina and brought up for a few years in Russia before his family moved to France. He was an adventurer on a grand scale and wrote scores of books. Decorated in the first world war, he joined the French resistance …
Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research
Authors: Bruce L. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Like the first edition, this volume is the best resource book for the ethics and regulation of clinical research. Levine's thorough scholarship and his well-reasoned positions make it required reading for anyone with an interest in medical research. The discussions are well balanced among the perspectives of medicine, regulation, and ethics and thus will be of interest and accessible to researchers, physicians, lawyers, ethicists, policymakers, and members of institutional review boards. The book is organized around the federal regulations; their application frequently requires interpretation and judgment. Levine explains the regulations and provides accounts of their history, their foundation in ethics and public policy, and their uncertainties. New in this edition are sections on academic misconduct, research on diseases with anticipated permanent incompetence (eg, Alzheimer's), research on the fetus, and in vitro fertilization. Other chapters are updated and expanded. The first edition made extensive use of the reports of the National
GM-CSF Gene-Transduced Tumor Vaccines
Authors: Robert Eager, John Nemunaitis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

GVAX is a GM-CSF gene-transduced tumor vaccine. Expression of the GM-CSF gene within either autologous or allogeneic tumor cell populations has demonstrated evidence of immune stimulation in patients and evidence of antitumor activity particularly in prostate cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. Results of preclinical studies justify clinical investigation. A summary of clinical results is presented.
What can we learn from Sweden?
Authors: B E Nordin
Journal: BMJ (1974)

<h3>Background</h3> Preterm birth followed by prolonged mechanical ventilation often results in chronic lung disease (CLD) of prematurity. Associated with lung injury is brain injury. The molecular pathways that are affected in the brain of preterm neonates during the evolution of CLD are unclear. On the other hand, animal models of intrauterine growth retardation have shown that apoptosis is greater in the brain of postnatal rat pups with intrauterine growth retardation compared to controls (Ke et al, AJP 2004). A marker of apoptosis is expression of downstream targets of p53, such as caspase-3. <h3>Hypothesis</h3> Apoptosis of neuronal cells in the brain is enhanced during the evolution of CLD. <h3>Methods</h3> Preterm lambs (≈132 d gestation) were managed by conventional mechanical ventilation (CV) or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) for 72 h (<i>n</i> = 4/group). We used nCPAP as the positive control (gold standard) for lung outcome in chronically ventilated preterm lambs (Albertine et al, Pediatr Res 2004). Brain tissue was analyzed for caspase-3 protein abundance (immunoblot analysis) and topographic distribution (immunohistochemistry). <h3>Results</h3> Immunoblot analysis showed that caspase-3 protein abundance in brain tissue homogenates from preterm lambs was greater in the CV group compared to the nCPAP group, at 72 h. Immunohistochemistry showed that caspase-3 protein was localized in more Purkinje cells in the cerebellum in the CV group compared to the nCPAP group at 72 h. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results show that markers of apoptosis (caspase-3 protein abundance and immunolocalization) are more prevalent in the brains of preterm lambs that are managed by CV compared to nCPAP. We conclude that CV contributes to attrition of neurons during the first few days of life support with a ventilator. Supported by CHRC, HL62875, HL56401, T35 HL07744.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND CANCER: EVIDENCE FOR AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL LINK
Authors: Stefano Fumagalli, Alessandro Barchielli, Francesca Tarantini, Debbie Gabbai, Marta Casalone Rinaldi, Stefania Fracchia, Anna Teresa Roberts, Luigi Padeletti, Niccol&ograve; Marchionni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Progranulin deficiency promotes neuroinflammation and neuron loss following toxin-induced injury
Authors: Lauren Herl Martens, Jiasheng Zhang, Sami J. Barmada, Ping Zhou, Sherry Kamiya, Binggui Sun, Sang-Won Min, Li Gan, Steven Finkbeiner, Eric J. Huang, Robert V. Farese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Progranulin (PGRN) is a widely expressed secreted protein that is linked to inflammation. In humans, PGRN haploinsufficiency is a major inherited cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but how PGRN deficiency causes neurodegeneration is unknown. Here we show that loss of PGRN results in increased neuron loss in response to injury in the CNS. When exposed acutely to 1-methyl-4-(2′-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophine (MPTP), mice lacking PGRN (Grn–/–) showed more neuron loss and increased microgliosis compared with wild-type mice. The exacerbated neuron loss was due not to selective vulnerability of Grn–/– neurons to MPTP, but rather to an increased microglial inflammatory response. Consistent with this, conditional mutants lacking PGRN in microglia exhibited MPTP-induced phenotypes similar to Grn–/– mice. Selective depletion of PGRN from microglia in mixed cortical cultures resulted in increased death of wild-type neurons in the absence of injury. Furthermore, Grn–/– microglia treated with LPS/IFN-γ exhibited an amplified inflammatory response, and conditioned media from these microglia promoted death of cultured neurons. Our results indicate that PGRN deficiency leads to dysregulated microglial activation and thereby contributes to increased neuron loss with injury. These findings suggest that PGRN deficiency may cause increased neuron loss in other forms of CNS injury accompanied by neuroinflammation.
Myoglobinuria after Acute Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Herbert I. Horowitz, Jamshid Javid, Sidney H. Zuber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

MYOGLOBINURIA after acute interruption of the arterial supply to a limb has been reported in 2 patients, with thrombotic1 and embolic2 arterial occlusion, respectively. Despite the intense recent interest in the surgical treatment of acute arterial occlusion, we have been unable to find further reports of myoglobinuria secondary to this condition. Our experience with 2 patients recently studied leads us to believe that this sequence of events is more common than the paucity of case reports would imply.Case ReportsCase 1. H.A. (M.H. 104912), a 63-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital on March 27, 1959, for evaluation of . . .
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis and Hand Washing
Authors: J. Owen Hendley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is a severe form of conjunctivitis associated with edema, pain and photophobia. Systemic symptoms, such as fever, are not usually present. Round subepithelial infiltrates located primarily in the center of the cornea are seen in some patients. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis may cause severe and sometimes prolonged morbidity, as noted in the description of an extensive outbreak of the disease by Sprague et al. in this issue of the Journal. The infection is caused by adenovirus Type 8; in the United States it primarily affects adults. It should not be confused with the syndrome of "pharyngoconjunctival fever," which may . . .
Persistent Activation of Nuclear Factor–κB Signaling Pathway in Severe Uncontrolled Asthma
Authors: Rosalia Gagliardo, Pascal Chanez, Marc Mathieu, Andreina Bruno, Giorgia Costanzo, Claire Gougat, Isabelle Vachier, Jean Bousquet, Giovanni Bonsignore, Antonio M. Vignola
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is inactive when bound to its inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha. On cell stimulation with inflammatory signals, IkappaBalpha is phosphorylated by IkappaB kinases and subsequently degraded. Freed NF-kappaB then induces expression of cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-8, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted. These mediators are overexpressed in asthma and are downregulated by glucocorticoids through NF-kappaB activity repression. However, high levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-8, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted are released by peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with severe asthma despite continuous systemic glucocorticoid treatment. We report that these mediators are markedly decreased by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation. To further characterize the persistent NF-kappaB activation in severe asthma, we analyzed the expression of various components of this activation pathway in healthy subjects and in asthmatics with mild controlled, and moderate and severe uncontrolled disease. We found high amounts of phosphorylated IkappaBalpha characterizing the three asthmatic groups. Western blot analyses indicated that in peripheral blood mononuclear cells the IkappaB kinase beta and p65 levels were greater in moderate and severe asthmatics than in normal subjects. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunocytochemistry showed a greater activation status of p65 in severe asthmatics. Our data suggest that exaggerated NF-kappaB activation perpetuates inflammatory mediators production in severe asthma.
Anthrax Vaccine Testing
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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ON IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL AS A DRESSING FOR WOUNDS
Authors: C. J. Bond
Journal: BMJ (1928)

MARCH_39, -19281 r MEDlCAL JO_RNAL Thus in Derbyshire, as in Devonshire and West Shrop- shire, there is a remarkable body of evidence showing that patients with early phthisis die more often and recover more rarely when residing in exposure to strong prevalent rainbearing winds than when residing in slhelter from thiem, and this to a degree which cannot be considered negligible.It is obviously important that phthisis sanatoriums should be located in shelter from these winds, and even more important that phthisis patients, on leavinig their sana- toriums, should be advised to reside for some years in such slhelter.
Modifying certain risk factors might prevent one in four miscarriages, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Just over a quarter of miscarriages might be prevented, shows a Danish nationwide study that identifies risk factors such as older age; being underweight or overweight before pregnancy; and alcohol consumption, lifting heavy weights, and night work during pregnancy.1

The researchers collected information on nine known risk factors for miscarriage before and during 91 427 pregnancies whose details were included in the Danish National Birth Cohort from …