tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mass Screening for Colorectal Cancer—A Negative Report
Authors: Morton J. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Mass screening programs for the detection of asymptomatic colorectal cancer have been reported. 1-3 These studies are based on the use of a stabilized guaiac test for detecting occult blood in the stool (Hemoccult) (HO). The specimens are prepared at home by the screenees and are sent in to be examined at a screening center. The test is simple, inexpensive, and aesthetically acceptable. The reports suggest that cases of occult colorectal cancer have been detected. The American Cancer Society is planning to support mass screening programs using the HO technique in some large metropolitan areas.  We had the opportunity to use this method in the study of 2,500 women who were under observation as part of a breast cancer detection screening program. They ranged in age from 35 to 74 years, with a median age of 49 years. The women were each supplied with three specially prepared
The 100-Year Anniversary of the Description of the Frozen Section Procedure
Authors: Anthony A. Gal
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
230 ONE-YEAR RESULTS OF TENOFOVIR AND EMTRICITABINE WITHOUT IMMUNOGLOBULIN TO PREVENT HEPATITIS B RECURRENCE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: D.J. Wesdorp, M. Knoester, M.J. Coenraad, A.E. Braat, E.C. Claas, B. van Hoek
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Cholinergic Innervation of the Autotransplanted Canine Kidney
Authors: HOWARD A. WEITSEN, JOHN E. NORVELL
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

The degeneration of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers in 11 canine renal autotransplants was investigated with the thiocholine method of Karnovsky and Roots as modified for cryostat sections. Seven renal hila were also examined by silver impregnation and thiocholine techniques. Total denervation was demonstrated in only 3 of 11 autotransplants; the other 8 showed variable degrees of degeneration, from almost total to very little. Acetylcholinesterasepositive nerve fibers accompanied the renal, interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries and the afferent arterioles and vasa recta. Acetylcholinesterase activity was apparent in glomeruli but was greatly diminished or abolished by renal perfusion with normal saline before histologic procedures were begun. Discrete autonomic ganglia were seen in the renal hila. We believe these acetylcholinesterase-positive ganglion cells (also found scattered along hilar nerve bundles) are the source of the nerve fibers which remain intact and viable following vascular division during transplantation.
Increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1-beta, and interleukin-6 by alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: Martin Steffen, Joerg Petersen, Maike Oldigs, Andreas Karmeier, Helgo Magnussen, Heinz G. Thiele, Andreas Raedler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1993)
Two Cases of Periarteritis Nodosa
Authors: J. M. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1948)

HEREDITARY OEDEMA BTnSH skin sensitivity test, no reaction.Radiograph of bones normal.Wassermann reaction negative.Treatment.-Thepatient suffered very little disability from his oedema and was quite able to enjoy a normal life.He complained of some "tiredness" of the affected limb at the ra ., ,...
Continuous monitoring of tissue pH.
Authors: S V Rithalia, P Herbert, J Tinker
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Continuous monitoring of tissue pHRapid changes in arterial pH are common in critically ill patients and may be observed only if frequent blood samples are taken.This has obvious disadvantages, and there has recently been increasing in- terest in developing continuous measuring techniques.Various studies have been published on the monitoring of skeletal muscle pH (pHm) and its relation to tissue perfusion.'Animal and human studies have shown that pHm varies directly with arterial blood pH (pHa), and that pHm decreases in states of diminished peripheral perfusion.2The pH probes that were used in this work were, however, cumbersome and difficult to position.Stamm et a13 have recently designed a miniaturised glass probe for continuously measuring tissue pH (pHt),4 and it has been developed by Roche.Investigations into the relation between pHt and pHa have been carried out by several workers on animals and on neonates, but no information is available for adults.We therefore determined the relation between pHt and pHa in critically ill adults. CommentThe diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in these two patients rests on the presence of hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, and low serum parathyroid hormone values in the absence of severe renal impairment, steatorrhoea, osteomalacia, chronic diarrhoea, on 15 July
Erg is required for self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells during stress hematopoiesis in mice
Authors: Ashley P. Ng, Stephen J. Loughran, Donald Metcalf, Craig D. Hyland, Carolyn A. de Graaf, Yifang Hu, Gordon K. Smyth, Douglas J. Hilton, Benjamin T. Kile, Warren S. Alexander
Journal: Blood (2011)
Noninvasive recording of His-Purkinje activity in man by ORS-triggered signal averaging.
Authors: W J Wajszczuk, M J Stopczyk, M S Moskowitz, R J Zochowski, T Bauld, P L Dabos, M Rubenfire
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Mobile instrumentation and a clinically applicable method have been developed for external His bundle recording. High gain signal amplification (10)(5) filtering (30--300 HZ) and averaging (128 or 256 consecutive cycles) are used. Acquisition of signals arising in the P-R interval is triggered by the patient's QRS signal at the end of that interval. The precordial bipolar electrodiogram is digitized at 5k HZ with 8 bit resolution and transferred to a 1,024 word, 18 bit signal averager. The averaged signal is then displayed on an oscilloscope and photographed. Good correlations were obtained between direct intracardiac and precordial recordings in experimental animals and in humans. Noise level after averaging was below 0.3 microV, and there was good elimination of asynchronous atrial and ectopic ventricular activity. With averaging of 128 or 256 consecutive cycles, the signal attenuation after propagation to the chest wall was in the range 1:2000 to 1:4000 in comparison with the directly recorded His bundle activity deflections. The noninvasive method may be of value in follow-up of acute and chronic disturbances of atrioventricular conduction, as well as in studies of effects of pharmacologic interventions.
Aquagenic pruritus in polycythemia vera: Characteristics and influence on quality of life in 441 patients
Authors: Fabian P. Siegel, Jan Tauscher, Petro E. Petrides
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Aquagenic pruritus (AP) is a symptom typical for polycythemia vera, but very little is known about its exact frequency, characteristics, influence on quality of life, and proper treatment. Therefore, we investigated these aspects in a large cohort of German patients with polycythemia vera using a patient directed questionnaire. Our analysis revealed that 301 of 441 analyzed patients suffered from AP. In 64.8%, AP occurred on average 2.9 years prior to diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Only in 15.4% did this lead to a hematological investigation. AP occurs primarily on the trunk and proximal parts of the extremities. Most patients complain about itching (71.8%), the remainder about tickling, stinging, or burning sensations. Forty-four patients (14.6%) classified the pruritus as "unbearable." Patients with AP reported reduced global health status and higher fatigue, pain, and dyspnea. Only 24% of patients received pruritus specific treatment for pruritus consisting mostly of histamine antagonists, which ameliorated symptoms in about half of the patients. In 5.6% of patients, polycythemia vera directed therapy (phlebotomy/cytoreduction) resolved the symptoms. In summary, AP is a serious symptom in patients with polycythemia vera, which until recently was difficult to treat. The advent of the novel JAK2 inhibitors, however, may open new ways for therapy.
TLR9 regulates the mycobacteria-elicited pulmonary granulomatous immune response in mice through DC-derived Notch ligand delta-like 4
Authors: Toshihiro Ito, Matthew Schaller, Cory M. Hogaboam, Theodore J. Standiford, Matyas Sandor, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Stephen W. Chensue, Steven L. Kunkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

TLR9 activation is important for the maintenance of mycobacteria-elicited pulmonary granulomatous responses, hallmarks of protective immune responses following mycobacterial infection. However, the mechanism or mechanisms underlying this effect of TLR9 are not clear. Here, we show that Tlr9-deficient mice challenged with a Mycobacterium antigen display an altered Th17 cytokine profile, decreased accumulation of granuloma-associated myeloid DCs, and profoundly impaired delta-like 4 (dll4) Notch ligand expression. Mechanistic analysis revealed that WT bone marrow-derived DCs but not macrophages promoted the differentiation of Th17 cells from bacillus Calmette-Guérin-challenged (BCG-challenged) lung CD4+ T cells. Both lung and bone marrow DCs isolated from Tlr9-deficient mice inoculated with Mycobacterium antigen expressed lower levels of dll4 Notch ligand than the same cells isolated from WT mice. Passively immunizing WT mice with neutralizing antibodies specific for dll4 during granuloma formation resulted in larger granulomas and lower levels of Th17-related cytokines. In addition, dll4 specifically regulated Th17 activation in vitro. Together, these results suggest dll4 plays an important role in promoting Th17 effector activity during a mycobacterial challenge. Furthermore, TLR9 seems to be required for optimal dll4 expression and the regulation of Mycobacterium antigen-elicited granuloma formation in mice.
Letter: Lactase activities in the irritable colon syndrome.
Authors: M Fairman, B Scott, M Losowsky
Journal: BMJ (1975)

County, Denmark, blood samples were drawn in the fasting state at 8 a.m. for determination of serum levels of calcium, protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride.The serum calcium levels were corrected to a constant serum protein level.2All determinations were made in duplicate, and the co- efficients of variation (C.V.) of duplicate measurements and the mean values and standard deviations (S.D.) are given in the table.A ihighly significant inverse corre- lation was found between serum calcium and serum triglyceride (r= -0-36, P<0001).No significant correlation was found between serum calcium and serum cholesterol (r = 0-03, P>0 05). C.v. (from Serum LevelsNo. of Mean S.D. duplicate Subjects measurements)Calcium (mmol/l) 80 2-46 0-06 0m8nt Cholesterol (mmol/l) 80 7-04 1-48 1-50°O Triglyceride (mmol/l) 80 1-27 0-95 2-6 ,Conversion: SI to Traditional Units-Calcium: 1 mmol/l -4 mg!100 ml.Cholesterol: 1 mmol/l -38-6mg'100 ml.Triglyceride: 1 mmol/l 88 5 mg/100 ml.Our results seem to be supported by the findings that serum cholesterol is lower than normal in patients with hyperparathyroidism and that the seruim concentration of lipids increases after operation.3They indicate that in the elderly serum calcium levels in the lower part of the normal range are not pro- tective against raised serum lipid levels.-We are, etc.
The use of isolated cells to assess the contribution of the mucosal epithelium to the metabolism of the intestinal wall
Authors: E. M. Evans, K. Burdett
Journal: Gut (1973)

We have used suspensions of isolated cells to study the metabolism of the mucosal epithelium and to compare its activity with that of other tissues in the intestinal wall of guinea pig. Only 4% of the total glycolytic activity of the intestinal wall could be attributed to the mucosal epithelium. In contrast, about 76% of the activity was located in the intestinal muscle and the remaining 20% in the intervening tissue. Clearly the view that the major proportion of the glycolytic activity of the small intestine resides in the mucosal epithelium does not apply to the guinea pig. In the light of our results, it would be prudent to re-examine any conclusions about the distribution of metabolic activity throughout the gut wall if the supporting evidence has been drawn from experiments with mucosal homogenates.
Chimeric Antigen Receptors Combining 4-1BB and CD28 Signaling Domains Augment PI3kinase/AKT/Bcl-XL Activation and CD8+ T Cell–mediated Tumor Eradication
Authors: Xiao-Song Zhong, Maiko Matsushita, Jason Plotkin, Isabelle Riviere, Michel Sadelain
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

To enhance the strength of activation afforded by tumor antigen-specific receptors, we investigated the effect of adding combined CD28 and 4-1BB costimulatory signaling domains to a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Having transferred receptors encompassing the CD28, 4-1BB, and/or CD3zeta cytoplasmic domains in primary human CD8(+) T cells, we find that the P28BBz receptor, which includes all three signaling domains, is superior to receptors that only include one or two of these domains in promoting cytokine release, in vivo T-cell survival and tumor elimination following intravenous T-cell administration to tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)/beige mice. Upon in vitro exposure to PSMA, the P28BBZ receptor-induced the strongest PI(3)Kinase/Akt activation and Bcl-X(L) expression, and the least apoptosis in transduced peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells. These findings further support the concept of integrating optimized costimulatory properties into recombinant antigen receptors to augment the survival and function of genetically targeted T cells within the tumor microenvironment.
The repeatability of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage differential cell counts
Authors: T.J. Warke, S. Kamath, P.S. Fitch, V. Brown, M.D. Shields, M. Ennis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Airway inflammation in children can be assessed by nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Little is known about the repeatability of cell counts in the BAL obtained. Children (n=43) attending for elective surgery were studied. Cell counts were obtained following a nonbronchoscopic lavage. Two samples were obtained with either: 1) the catheter wedged in the same position (n=21) or 2) the catheter reinserted and wedged again (n=22). Slides (n=30) from nonbronchoscopic lavage samples were selected at random and two independent observers counted 500 cells on each slide on two occasions. The repeatability of the lavage sampling and cell counting was assessed for different cell types. The inter- and intra-observer repeatability for the differential cell counting demonstrated that there was good repeatability for all cell types except lymphocytes (interobserver: Lin's concordance coefficient 0.42; repeatability coefficient 0.66). Quantification of eosinophil (%) was highly repeatable using either method (Lin's concordance coefficient 1) 0.99, 2) 0.95; repeatability coefficient 1) 0.58, 2) 1.36). Nonbronchoscopic lavage is a repeatable technique for the quantification of eosinophils. Variation in the sampling method can be reduced by taking two separate samples and averaging the differential cell counts. Furthermore, increasing the number of cells counted should ensure accurate quantification of lymphocytes.
Bone Metastasis Demonstrated as a Photopenic Area in L3 on Bone SPECT
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, CALIXTO PULMANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 72-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma received 6,600 rads to the left upper lung after having refused surgical resection. The first bone scintigraph obtained 3 years after radiation therapy showed radiation changes in radioactive uptake in the thoracic spine. Seven years later the patient underwent a second bone scintigram because of low back pain, and the scan showed intense uptake in the edge of the L-3 vertebra on both sides and focal areas of abnormal uptake in the right acetabulum and right pelvis, and decreased uptake in the thoracic spine was less apparent compared with the first bone scan. Bone SPECT of the lumbar spine showed photopenia in the vertebral body of the L-3 vertebra with intense uptake in pedicles of both sides of the vertebral body. Concurrent MRIs were consistent with metastasis. We concluded that metastatic tumor replacement of the vertebral body, the destruction of the vertebral body, or both resulted in the photopenic area in L-3 as seen on the SPECT. This is another example in which photopenia of a vertebral body should be suspected of being a malignancy.
Reflections on Internal Medicine and Family Medicine
Authors: John W. Saultz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

The manner in which U.S. medical care is organized and paid for is rapidly changing. These political and financial changes have created an environment that favors collaboration and cooperation among the primary care specialties. ALthough their relationship was once that of referring physician and consultant, the family physician and general internist are becoming peers, and they increasingly have similar needs and interests. Improving collaboration between the practitioners in these two fields requires a respect for important differences in their respective cultures. All family physicians work closely with internists during residency, but many general internists have had little or no experience working with family physicians. This essay reviews the practice style and philosophy of the family physician and suggest ways to improve communication and collaboration between the two disciplines.
Induction of anti-HBs in HB vaccine nonresponders in vivo by hepatitis B surface antigen-pulsed blood dendritic cells
Authors: Sk. Md. Fazle Akbar, Shinya Furukawa, Osamu Yoshida, Yoichi Hiasa, Norio Horiike, Morikazu Onji
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Non-surgical management of peripheral vascular disease
Authors: R A Wilkins, J D Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1980)

for cure of hypertension, and a further 48% and 30°' respectively for improvement (for example, easier medical control of blood pressure).We have recently performed percutaneous dilatation in two patients with severe renal artery stenosis, one a 37-year-old female with a two-year history of poorly controlled hypertension, and the other a 50-year-old female with a similar five-year history.They have since been normotensive on no treatment after six and three months respectively, and there were no complications.Clearly, long-term follow-up is needed; but it does appear that in selected cases trans- luminal angioplasty is a very effective technique.Advantages include avoidance of general anaesthetic and a major surgical procedure, shortened hospital stay, and decreased cost.It can be repeated if necessary, and in the event of failure surgical treatment is not precluded.In the future, therefore, the method will probably receive more than a passing mention in articles on the treatment of arterial disease.
BILATERAL THROMBOSIS OF ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
Authors: L. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, September 27, Judah Marmor and M. R. Sapirstein reported a case of "Bilateral Thrombosis of Anterior Cerebral Artery Following Stimulation of a Hyperactive Carotid Sinus." The authors gave the blood count of this patient as hemoglobin 114 per cent, red cells 6,100,000 and leukocytes 14,000 with a normal differential. The hematocrit test, however, was within normal limits. They conclude that "the slowing of the pulse and the fall in blood pressure produced by stimulation of the carotid sinus was a contributory factor in prematurely precipitating the cerebral thrombosis... in elderly persons with evidence of advanced arteriosclerosis, cerebral as well as myocardial. It may well be that carotid sinus stimulation is not entirely without danger in such persons." While their conclusion is logical, I think that they should also have stressed the probability of the polycythemia, although not vera, having been a predisposing factor for
Specific Infiltration in the Hard Palate in Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia
Authors: D. Benjamin, D. Douer, M. Shalit, I. Avidor, J. Pinkhas
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Specific infiltrations in the mouth, while relatively frequent in the acute forms of leukemias, are rare in chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL).<sup>1,2</sup> We presently report a CLL case in which a huge leukemic infiltration in the hard palate was diagnosed. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 77-year-old housewife, known to have CLL since 1972, was treated with chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide, monitored according to her blood counts. Her condition was satisfactory till June 1977, when she noted a painful swelling in her hard palate where a necrotic ulcer, 3×2 cm with regular and smooth border, was seen. A biopsy specimen from the latter showed massive infiltration with small lymphocytes, consistent with the diagnosis of CLL. A local cobalt irradiation (400 rads) completely healed this lesion. <h3>Comment.—</h3> Oral manifestations such as gingival hypertrophy, hemorrhages, ulcerations, necroses, and infections, while common in the acute forms of leukemia, are rare in CLL,
TUBERCULOSIS AND LEPROSY IN JAPAN. A STUDY IN ETHNOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY.
Authors: ALBERT S. ASHMEAD
Journal: JAMA (1891)

For twelve centuries the Japanese world knew no change. Buddhist traditions and doctrines, imported from India, religious laws and superstitions, held absolute sway. Even so far back as the age of Jimmu Tennô (660 585 B. C), that fabulous first Mikado, who is said to have descended from the Gods, Japan had a theocratic form of government; the sovereign was not obeyed only, but worshiped. In the sixth century A.D., in the reign of the 26th Mikado, Buddhism made its first appearance in the country. It gradually extended its domain and consolidated its position through succeeding reigns, until, at last, the Empress Suiko (593-628 A. D.), recognized and made it the religion of the state. These populations have ever since been ruled by the doctrine of Buddha, and peculiarly moulded by its spirit. The Buddhist philosophy exposes, in its sacred volumes, a sacerdotal system of medicine for the cure of