tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibody to liver cytosol (anti-LC1) in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2
Authors: Eric Martini, Nisen Abuaf, Florence Cavalli, VÉRonique Durand, Catherine Johanet, Jean-Claude Homberg
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

A new autoantibody was detected by immunoprecipitation in the serum of 21 patients with chronic active hepatitis. The antibody reacted against a soluble cytosolic antigen in liver. The antibody was organ specific but not species specific and was therefore called antiliver cytosol antibody Type 1 (anti-LC1). In seven of 21 cases, no other autoantibody was found; the remaining 14 cases had anti-liver/kidney microsome antibody Type 1 (anti-LKM1). With indirect immunofluorescence, a distinctive staining pattern was observed with the seven sera with anti-LC1 and without anti-LKM1. The antibody stained the cytoplasm of hepatocytes from four different animal species and spared the cellular layer around the central veins of mouse and rat liver that we have called juxtavenous hepatocytes. The immunofluorescence pattern disappeared after absorption of sera by a liver cytosol fraction. The 14 sera with both antibodies displayed anti-LC1 immunofluorescent pattern after absorption of anti-LKM1 by the liver micro-somal fraction. The anti-LC1 was found in the serum only in patients with chronic active hepatitis of unknown cause. Anti-LC1 antibody was not found in sera from 100 patients with chronic active hepatitis associated with anti-actin antibody classic chronic active hepatitis Type 1, 100 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 157 patients with drug-induced hepatitis and a large number of patients with liver and nonliver diseases. This new antibody was considered a second marker of chronic active hepatitis associated with anti-LKM1 (anti-LKM1 chronic active hepatitis) or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis Type 2.
New blood test can detect genes that drive cancer and help to determine best treatment
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers have developed a new blood test that they say could be used to identify women whose breast cancer was being driven by the HER2 gene and who could benefit from treatment with trastuzumab (Herceptin) and similar drugs. They believe that the test could be adapted to a range of other cancers and drug targets.

At the moment women whose breast cancer relapses after initial treatment need to have a biopsy to determine which treatments the cancer is most likely to respond to. But cancers can acquire and lose genes over time, and …
Dermatitis caused by physical irritants
Authors: R. Morris-Jones, S.J. Robertson, J.S. Ross, I.R. White, J.P. McFadden, R.J.G. Rycroft
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Although physical irritant contact dermatitis (PICD) is a common occupational dermatosis, it is one of the least well understood because of its multiple types, lack of diagnostic test, and the many mechanisms involved in its production. Objectives To characterize the materials and mechanisms of physical irritation of the skin. Methods We did a retrospective analysis over the past 20 years of all patients with a diagnosis of PICD at St John's Institute of Dermatology Contact Dermatitis Clinic. Results Of the 29 000 patients who attended the clinic over the study period, 392 patients were diagnosed with PICD and of these, 335 files were analysed. Conclusions Our findings show that PICD accounted for 1·15% of all patients attending the contact clinic over the study period. Diverse occupations and materials were implicated. The most common cause of PICD was low humidity due to air-conditioning, which caused dermatitis of the face and neck in office workers due to drying out of the skin.
Regulation of Th1/Th2 polarization by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 via modulating dendritic cells
Authors: Qianqian Shao, Hao Ning, Jiaju Lv, Yanguo Liu, Xin Zhao, Guangwen Ren, Alei Feng, Qi Xie, Jintang Sun, Bingfeng Song, Yongmei Yang, Wenjuan Gao, Kejia Ding, Meixiang Yang, Ming Hou, Jun Peng, Xun Qu
Journal: Blood (2012)
Science and Politics
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Good intentions do not necessarily result in good deeds. This is made clear by Thomas H. Jukes in an article entitled "Kennedy's Good Deed" (<i>Nature</i>, Nov 6, 1975). Senate bill 963, introduced by Senator Kennedy Sept 8 and passed by the US Senate 61 votes to 29, would ban the use of diethylstilbestrol in beef cattle and greatly restrict its therapeutic use in humans. The basis for passing such a bill is that the drug is a known human carcinogen. However, senators, unlike scientists, do not carefully measure risk or benefit. For them, a good intention justifies swift, broad action even if such action has drastic and undesirable consequences. Diethylstilbestrol residues in cattle are calculated by Dr Jukes to pose a cancer risk for one female born every 133 years in the United States. Even the protection of this one female by the US Senate is thwarted, however, by the
Will This Page Still Exist Sometime in the Future When You Want to Read About Deteriorating Paper in Medical Journals, Other Scientific Literature?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE MESSAGE to editors and publishers of medical books and journals is growing more insistent: practice  medicine with your paper.  The problem is the brittle book syndrome—too-rapid decay of paper in publications printed since the mid-1800s, when papermaking techniques changed. A subcommittee of the House of Representatives' Education Committee has been conducting hearings on the problem, and the National Library of Medicine (NLM), part of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md, is equally concerned.  Specifically, the NLM wants medical publishers to use acid-free paper. This is preventive medicine, according to NLM officials and others concerned with preserving the printed medical word, because 76 million books and countless periodicals on the shelves of libraries around the country are in danger of self-destruction from the acidic content of the paper they are printed on.  That 76-million volume estimate for books on all subjects is from the Council on Library
560 HBsAg ANTIBODY RESPONSE IS LINKED TO CHROMOSOME 7Q21.3 IN A GENOME WIDE STUDY OF HBsAg NONRESPONDER FAMILIES
Authors: T. Höhler, R. Neeb, M. Wörns, G. Nürnberg, M.R. Toliat, P.M. Schneider, P. Nürnberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The effects of ozone on immune function.
Authors: G J Jakab, E W Spannhake, B J Canning, S R Kleeberger, M I Gilmour
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

A review of the literature reveals that ozone (O3) exposure can either suppress or enhance immune responsiveness. These disparate effects elicited by O3 exposure depend, in large part, on the experimental design used, the immune parameters examined as well as the animal species studied. Despite the apparent contradictions, a general pattern of response to O3 exposure can be recognized. Most studies indicate that continuous O3 exposure leads to an early (days 0-3) impairment of immune responsiveness followed, with continued exposures, by a form of adaptation to O3 that results in a re-establishment of the immune response. The effects of O3 exposure on the response to antigenic stimulation also depend on the time at which O3 exposure occurred. Whereas O3 exposure prior to immunization is without effect on the response to antigen, O3 exposure subsequent to immunization suppresses the response to antigen. Although most studies have focused on immune responses in the lung, numerous investigators have provided functional and anatomical evidence to support the hypothesis that O3 exposure can have profound effects on systemic immunity.
Juvenile Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Murray Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

ALTHOUGH ulcerative colitis is apparently the same disease whether it occurs in children or in adults, certain features of its natural history are modified by the age of the patient. This brief article highlights selected recent advances in the study of the disease that may have particular pertinence to children, and concludes with a summary of some principles currently believed to be important in the management of juvenile ulcerative colitis.Familial OccurrenceFamilial occurrence of ulcerative colitis and its association with regional enteritis are reported in 2 to 10 per cent of the patients. The disease has been described in . . .
Cardiovascular Effects of Ozone Exposure in Human Volunteers
Authors: HENRY GONG, RICHARD WONG, RADHA J. SARMA, WILLIAM S. LINN, EMMETT D. SULLIVAN, DEBORAH A. SHAMOO, KAREN R. ANDERSON, SHANKAR B. PRASAD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We hypothesized that ozone (O3) exposure acutely affects cardiovascular hemodynamics in humans and, in particular, in subjects with essential hypertension. We studied 10 nonmedicated hypertensive and six healthy male adults. Each subject, after catheterization of the right heart and a radial artery, was exposed in an environmentally controlled chamber to filtered air (FA) on one day and to 0.3 ppm O3 on the following day for 3 h with intermittent exercise. Relative to FA exposure, O3 exposure induced no statistically significant changes in cardiac index, ventricular performance, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances, ECG, serum cardiac enzymes, plasma catecholamines and atrial natriuretic factor, and SaO2. The overall results did not indicate major acute cardiovascular effects of O3 in either the hypertensive or the control subjects. However, mean preexposure to postexposure changes were significantly (p < 0.02) larger with O3 than with FA for rate-pressure product (1,353 beats/min/mm Hg) and for heart rate (8 beats/min); these responses were not significantly different between the hypertensive and the control subjects. Significant O3 effects were also observed for mean FEV1 (-6%), and AaPO2 (> 10 mm Hg increase), which were not significantly different between the two groups. These results suggest that O3 exposure can increase myocardial work and impair pulmonary gas exchange to a degree that might be clinically important in persons with significant preexisting cardiovascular impairment, with or without concomitant lung disease.
Suppression of interleukin 2-dependent human T cell growth in vitro by prostaglandin E (PGE) and their precursor fatty acids. Evidence for a PGE-independent mechanism of inhibition by the fatty acids.
Authors: D Santoli, P D Phillips, T L Colt, R B Zurier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

PGE represent oxygenation products of polyunsaturated essential fatty acids and are important regulators of cell-mediated immune responses. Because oils enriched in such fatty acids reduce inflammation and tissue injury in vivo, we examined the effects of these PGE precursors on IL-2-driven growth of human T lymphocytes. Dihomogamma linoleic acid (DGLA), AA, and their metabolites (PGE1 and PGE2, respectively) strongly inhibited short- and long-term growth of IL-2-dependent T cell cultures; EPA was much less inhibitory and its product, PGE3, failed to suppress IL-2 responses. Short-term pretreatment of the cells with DGLA or AA and removal of the fatty acids before the proliferation assay resulted in a smaller reduction in [3H]TdR incorporation. PGE and fatty acids did not alter the number of high affinity IL-2 binding sites on the T cell cultures but reduced the percentage of cells expressing CD25 and HLA class II molecules. No PGE was detected in supernatants from the fatty acid-treated cultures. Moreover, indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not reverse the antiproliferative effects of the fatty acids. Together, these findings indicate that fatty acids can inhibit IL-2-driven T cell growth via a PGE-independent mechanism and might be relevant to inflammatory diseases associated with persistent T cell activation.
DIABETES AND MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
Authors: Alexander A. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article inThe Journal(May 21, p. 1626) on the concomitance of diabetes mellitus and myelogenous leukemia is highly interesting, because of the probability of there being more than a concomitance between the two conditions. We know that polymorphonuclear leukocytes contain an enzyme similar in its action to trypsin. The inhibitory effect of trypsin on insulin in human plasma is likewise a familiar phenomenon. The fact that in some of the cases diabetes was found to have existed a variable time prior to the apparent onset of leukemia does not rule out a causal relationship between the two. Although a preleukemic or an occult leukemic period must and, in all probability, does exist, we know nothing about its duration or its manifestations. Further work on this subject might prove more than interesting.
Isolation and characterization of a mutant liver aldolase in adult hereditary fructose intolerance. Identification of the enzyme variant by radioassay in tissue biopsy specimens
Authors: Timothy M. Cox, Martin W. O'Donnell, Michael Camilleri, Arthur H. Burghes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a metabolic disorder caused by enzymic deficiency of aldolase B, a genetically distinct cytosolic isoenzyme expressed exclusively in liver, kidney, and intestine. The molecular basis of this enzyme defect has been investigated in three affected individuals from a nonconsanguineous kindred, in whom fructose-l-phosphate aldolase activities in liver or intestinal biopsy samples were reduced to 2-6% of mean control values.
Nemat O. Borhani, MD, MPH
Authors: C. John Tupper
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Factors That Influence Parental Decisions to Participate in Clinical Research
Authors: Alejandro Hoberman, Nader Shaikh, Sonika Bhatnagar, Mary Ann Haralam, Diana H. Kearney, D. Kathleen Colborn, Michelle L. Kienholz, Li Wang, Clareann H. Bunker, Ron Keren, Myra A. Carpenter, Saul P. Greenfield, Hans G. Pohl, Ranjiv Mathews, Marva Moxey-Mims, Russell W. Chesney
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

A child's health, positive perceptions of the research team and consent process, and altruistic motives play significant roles in the decision-making process for parents who consent for their child to enroll in clinical research. This study identified that nonconsenting parents were better educated, had private insurance, showed lower levels of altruism, and less understanding of study design.To determine the factors associated with parental consent for their child's participation in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Cross-sectional survey conducted from July 2008 to May 2011. The survey was an ancillary study to the Randomized Intervention for Children with VesicoUreteral Reflux Study.Seven children's hospitals participating in a randomized trial evaluating management of children with vesicoureteral reflux.Parents asked to provide consent for their child's participation in the randomized trial were invited to complete an anonymous online survey about factors influencing their decision. A total of 120 of the 271 (44%) invited completed the survey; 58 of 125 (46%) who had provided consent and 62 of 144 (43%) who had declined consent completed the survey.A 60-question survey examining child, parent, and study characteristics; parental perception of the study; understanding of the design; external influences; and decision-making process. RESULTS Having graduated from college and private health insurance were associated with a lower likelihood of providing consent. Parents who perceived the trial as having a low degree of risk, resulting in greater benefit to their child and other children, causing little interference with standard care, or exhibiting potential for enhanced care, or who perceived the researcher as professional were significantly more likely to consent to participate. Higher levels of understanding of the randomization process, blinding, and right to withdraw were significantly positively associated with consent to participate. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Parents who declined consent had a relatively higher socioeconomic status, had more anxiety about their decision, and found it harder to make their decision compared with consenting parents, who had higher levels of trust and altruism, perceived the potential for enhanced care, reflected better understanding of randomization, and exhibited low decisional uncertainty. Consideration of the factors included in the conceptual model should enhance the quality of the informed consent process and improve participation in pediatric clinical trials.
Survival After Heart Transplantation Is Not Diminished Among Recipients With Uncomplicated Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mark J. Russo, Jonathan M. Chen, Kimberly N. Hong, Allan S. Stewart, Deborah D. Ascheim, Michael Argenziano, Donna M. Mancini, Mehmet C. Oz, Yoshifumi Naka
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— This study compares posttransplantation outcomes of survival and morbidity among recipients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and Results— The United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) provided deidentified patient-level data. Primary analysis focused on 20 412 first-time heart transplant recipients aged ≥18 years who underwent transplantation between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2005. To determine severity of DM, DM recipients were stratified by their aggregate number of diabetes-related complications (DRCs), including pretransplantation history of renal failure (serum creatinine=2.5 mg/dL), peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular accident, and severe obesity (body mass index ≥35 kg/m 2 ). Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare time to event. Although posttransplantation survival was significantly better ( P &lt;0.001) among patients without DM (median survival 10.1 years) than among those with DM (9.0 years), survival did not differ ( P =0.08) between those without DM (10.1 years) and those with uncomplicated DM (0 DRCs; 9.3 years). Among those with DM, survival was worse with each additional DRC: 0 DRC, 9.3 years; 1 DRC, 6.7 years; and ≥2 DRCs, 3.6 years. Although acute rejection and transplant coronary artery disease–free survival did not differ between groups, renal failure and severe infection-free survival were worse in those with DM and were inversely related to the number of DRCs. Conclusions— Posttransplantation survival among patients with uncomplicated DM was not significantly different than that among nondiabetics. However, when stratified by disease severity, recipients with more severe diabetes had significantly worse survival than nondiabetics. Therefore, although DM alone should not be a contraindication to heart transplantation, given the critical shortage of transplantable organs, maximal benefit may be achieved by exploring alternative treatment options in patients with severe DM. These include use of high-risk transplant lists and destination therapy.
A Lecture ON THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCER: Delivered at the Medical Graduates' College, October 10th, 1910
Authors: E. C. Hort
Journal: BMJ (1910)

B 1 903owing to the ocaulo-motor paralysis which accompanied the headache.The recovery from the paralysis which was to be expected in the earlier attaoks had been responsible for an error in diagnosis on his partin a case in which a patient died of intracranial tumour who was supposed to be suffering from this variety of migraine, owing to the remarkable improvement without antisyphilitic treatment which took place in the ocular paralysis accompanying the head- ache.There was no optic neuritis or any other organic sign except the ocular paralysis on which the diagnosis of tumour could be based.To those familiar with the ordinary classical picture of .disseminatedsclerosis it must seem a little far-fetched that this affection, so largely spinal, should be capable of being mistaken for tumour of the brain.Nevertheless, 'such confusion did oc3ur, and-he could recall many
Spindle Cell Sarcoma Showing Concentration of Tc-99m Sodium Pertechnetate and Tc-99m (V) DMSA
Authors: R K HALOKAR, M C PATEL, N F KHAMMASH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Tc-99m (V) DMSA concentration in a spindle cell sarcoma is described. Interestingly, a Tc-99m pertechnetate image done to evaluate the thyroid had also shown tracer concentration and I-131 images showed no tracer concentration in the lesion.
Effect of Combining Salmeterol and Fluticasone on the Progression of Airway Remodeling
Authors: Nele J. Vanacker, Els Palmans, Romain A. Pauwels, Johan C. Kips
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

In subjects insufficiently controlled with low to moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroids, adding β-agonists is clinically more beneficial than increasing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids. In the present study, we investigated the effect of adding salmeterol to fluticasone on allergen-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Sensitized rats, in which characteristics of remodeling had been induced by ovalbumin exposure every 2 days from Days 14 to 28, were further exposed to ovalbumin or PBS from Days 29 to 42. During the last 2 weeks, before allergen exposure, rats were treated with aerosolized fluticasone propionate (10 mg), salmeterol (1 mg), salmeterol (1 mg) plus fluticasone propionate (10 mg), or placebo. After 4 weeks of ovalbumin exposure, the airways showed inflammatory changes, goblet cell hyperplasia, and enhanced fibronectin and collagen deposition. Salmeterol in monotherapy decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil number but had no influence on structural changes. Combining salmeterol with fluticasone propionate counteracted goblet cell hyperplasia, but increased the amount of fibronectin and collagen in the airway wall. These effects of salmeterol did not influence airway responsiveness. We conclude that the combination of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate enhances aspects of allergen-induced airway remodeling. This is not accompanied by changes in airway responsiveness.