tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The doctor-patient relationship in reverse
Authors: Waqas Ullah
Journal: BMJ (2006)

T he doctor-patient relationship is a one-sided one in terms of positive outcomes. As doctors our role is to take on our patients' problems and provide solutions for them. In the context of working in the NHS, because we are salaried our return for our work is for our services in general rather than a result of individual doctor-patient relationships. Of course, other more nebulous gains come out of each encounter, such as occasional expressions of gratitude and experiences of moral satisfaction, but the one directional nature of the individual relationships remains, and this is what is drummed into us by society and our medical training.

Recently I was placed in a situation where I needed to move against the conventional direction of the relationship. It transpired that one of the patients I was looking after had been given an interesting diagnosis. Until the point of diagnosis things had progressed normally. My role as her doctor was to try to …
Nephrotomy for Obstructive Suppression of Urine
Authors: B. May
Journal: BMJ (1884)

pi" <Y[ a ssurd' the co;operation of my.,colleague, M. R .-Al, Wv en1rid 1;he:sk6nplW, anid,f6und it to be nothing else buitchtopoo forn, *hhiVit:aso~rds-mb14 n'~a ppeandice-and 'ouo..-I ,boug .so-cAlMdJ4ideitf-netlhy1en6Aof t rmost respected ohemical'firm but thllitu~df:examihation-Wa
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Elaine M. Bunick
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A euglycemic woman with acromegaly contracted conspicuous hyperglycemia two hours following transphenoidal hypophysectomy. Insulin therapy was initiated and has by necessity been continued. The development in the immediate postoperative period of blood glucose levels ranging from 300 to 500 mg/dl was totally unexpected, as the levels on the preoperative oral glucose tolerance test were normal. No explanation for this sudden development of hyperglycemia is apparent. Therefore, frequent monitoring of the blood glucose level is necessary in all acromegalic patients following hypophysectomy, even if they are euglycemic prior to surgery. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1047-1048, 1977)
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
Authors: C E Bennett, R D Hoare
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Eighteen patients had a body mass index.greaterthan 40, and in three of these it was over 50.Clearly, in this type of patient the medical risks of obesity are considerable.When simply dietary restriction has failed, and as an alternative to surgical approaches, very low calorie diets can provide an effective method of producing con- siderable weight loss.Even during prolonged use, when administered under medical supervision with appropriate monitoring, they seem to be safe.
P15 IMPLICATIONS OF NEDDYLATION IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: I. Zubiete-Franco, T.C. Delgado, M. Varela-Rey, V. Gutiérrez-de Juan, L. Barbier-Torres, P. Fernández-Tussy, J. Caballeria, J.M. Mato, N. Beraza, M.L. Martínez-Chantar
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract 51: International Cancer Genome Consortium Data Portal – A ‘one-stop-shop’ for genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic data
Authors: Arek Kasprzyk
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) (www.icgc.org) orchestrates a multi-national effort to catalogue genomic abnormalities in 50 different tumor types. For each type 500 pairs of matched tumor and normal tissues will be studied using multiple technologies including DNA sequencing, expression profiling, and epigenetic analysis. ICGC data will be linked to cancer etiology, drug response, and patient survival. Each ICGC member institute generates its site-specific data independently and stores it in a local database. These databases are federated using BioMart technology (www.biomart.org) and made available to the public through the ICGC data portal (dcc.icgc.org). To the user, the multiple databases appear as a single integrated database. The ICGC data portal provides a platform for scientists to search, download, and analyze a broad range of cancer data. In addition to the data generated by the ICGC members, the portal includes data from other projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Tumor Sequencing Project (TSP). Currently, the portal contains data sets from 15 cancer types. Data sets are divided into two categories: open access and controlled access. Open access data sets are available to the entire research community and include somatic mutations (simple, copy number variations, and structural rearrangements), gene and miRNA expression, DNA methylation, and exon junctions. Controlled access data sets, such as germline mutations, are available to users who have been authorized according to ICGC policies. The portal also includes annotation data from other publically available databases such as Ensembl, KEGG, Reactome, and the Pancreatic Expression Database. All data in the portal is exposed through a variety of user interfaces and can be processed using available analytical and visualization tools. For instance, users can perform gene- or pathway-centric analyses, such as compare mutation frequencies in specific genes or pathways, or compare mutation patterns between multiple tumor samples. Furthermore, by selecting diverse query and output criteria, users can retrieve data based on different molecular and clinical covariates. The portal enables users to conveniently retrieve, characterize, and compare cancer data from different sources through a single point of access. As more ICGC data is added and portal's functionality is further enhanced, it is expected that it will become an increasingly important resource for cancer researchers with diverse user requirements. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 51. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-51
Actual Behaviour of N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) in a Blood Vessel: A Model of the Varix
Authors: T. Suga, T. Akamatsu, Y. Kawamura, H. Saegusa, M. Kajiyama, N. Nakamura, M. Takei, A. Matsumoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Though many gastric varices are treated endoscopically with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, its behavior in varices is not known precisely.We created a varix model. A volume of 0.7 ml or 1.4 ml of 71.4 % n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, a tissue adhesive, was injected into vinyl tubes of 0.4, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 cm in diameter, which were filled with still blood or flowing blood. The tissue adhesive was also injected into the inferior vena cava or femoral vein of dogs.N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was similarly polymerized in the vinyl tubes and the animal veins. A volume of 0.7 ml of the tissue adhesive could block all tubes up to 0.6 cm in diameter. A double quantity of the tissue adhesive could block tubes 0.9 and 1.2 cm in diameter, with flow velocities up to 10 cm/s and up to 5 cm/s, respectively. Some polymer masses were fragmented.One rapid shot of the tissue adhesive can block a vessel 0.6 cm or less in diameter with fast flow velocity, and a vessel up to 1.2 cm in diameter with slow flow velocity. Fast blood flows in a larger diameter vessel and slow injection of the tissue adhesive may result in fragmentation. This model of the varix was useful for assessing the effect of tissue adhesive used to treat gastric varices.
Characterization of HBV DNA+/HBsAg− blood donors in Poland identified by triplex NAT
Authors: Ewa Brojer, Piotr Grabarczyk, Grzegorz Liszewski, Maria Mikulska, Jean-Pierre Allain, Magdalena Letowska
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Nucleic acid testing (NAT) for hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been performed in Poland since 2005 on samples seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti–hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), and anti–human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). Tools included 24-donation pool testing (PT) using Cobas Amplicor or in individual donations (ID) by Procleix Ultrio. Seven of 761,666 (1:108,800) and 21/250,191 (1:11,900) HBV DNA–positive donations were identified and confirmed by alternative methods. HBV DNA load ranged between 11.6 and 4.6 × 104 IU/mL in 11 samples and could not be quantified in 17 samples. HBV genotypes A (56%) and D (4%) were found. The analysis of combined results from index, follow-up, and look-back samples identified four groups: (1) Two cases tested HBsAg positive with alternative, more sensitive, assays; (2) Four cases were in the pre-seroconversion window period; (3) Eight cases had a fluctuating pattern of HBV DNA and anti-HBs detection (recovered infection); and (4) twelve cases carried anti-HBc without anti-HBs, which might correspond to either chronic or recovered “occult” HBV infection. One donor with no HBV markers in the follow-up was excluded, and another was in the window period preceding anti-HBs. HBV NAT identified more confirmed positive donors than HCV or HIV NAT, and 1:250,000 could not be detected by anti-HBc screening. Serological and molecular studies on follow-up and look-back samples are important to classify donors. In conclusion , further studies are needed to determine whether the considerably higher yield of HBV DNA detection obtained with individual donation screening improves blood safety compared with anti-HBc screening.
Anticomplementary sera in cutaneous vasculitis
Authors: J.J. Cream, J.J. CREAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article Anticomplementary sera in cutaneous vasculitis Get access J.J. Cream, J.J. Cream Department of Dermatology, Middlesex Hospital, London, WI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. CREAM J.J. CREAM Department of Dermatology, Middlesex Hospital, London, WI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 6, 1 December 1973, Pages 555–559, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb07579.x Published: 01 December 1973 Article history Accepted: 30 April 1973 Published: 01 December 1973
Relative prognostic value of rest thallium-201 imaging, radionuclide ventriculography and 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: A-Hamid Hakki, Pasquale F. Nestico, Jaekyeong Heo, Ashfaque A. Unwala, Abdulmassih S. Iskandrian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
Effect of (+)–Cyanidanol–3 in Acute Hav, Hbv, and Non–A, Non–B Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Marcello Piazza, Vincenzo Guadagnino, Ludovico Picciotto, Renato De Mercato, Antonio Chirianni, Raffaele Orlando, Gerard Golden
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

A double–blind trial was carried out on 124 randomized patients with acute viral hepatitis, of whom 58 were treated with (+)–cyanidanol–3 in a dose of 3 gm per day and 66 with placebo. The treatment was given for 50 days. At 5–day intervals, SGPT, SGOT, and total serum bilirubin levels were tested. For the total group of patients, the levels of SGPT and SGOT activity were significantly lower in the cyanidanol group than in the control group from 30th to 50th day of treatment (with exception of SGOT at Day 35) (Student's t test: p between 0.01 and 0.05). In 35 patients with acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis A virus, 17 treated with cyanidanol and 18 controls, no significant differences for either SGPT and SGOT were observed. In 58 patients with acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus, 27 treated with cyanidanol and 31 controls, a trend in favor of the cyanidanol group was observed after 30 days of treatment in SGPT activity, the difference being statistically significant after 45 days of treatment (p &lt; 0.05). There was also a trend in favor of the cyanidanol group for SGOT activity from the 30th to 45th day of treatment (p between 0.05 and 0.10). In 31 patients with acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis non–A, non–B virus, 14 treated and 17 controls, a significant difference between the groups, in favor of the cyanidanol group was observed for both SGPT and SGOT after 40 and 45 days of treatment (p &lt; 0.05). The effect of cyanidanol on the transaminases appeared to be a suppression of the “rebounds” occurring from Day 30 onward. There were no significant differences in the evolution of levels of total serum bilirubin. Among the patients with acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus, 10 of the 27 patients treated with cyanidanol became HBsAg negative after 50 days of treatment compared to 16 of 31 in the control group. This difference is not statistically significant. Cyanidanol had no effect on carrier state. Since patients who show rebounds in levels of serum transaminase activity after apparent recovery from the initial phase usually undergo a more prolonged convalescence, it appears that treatment with (+)–cyanidanol–3 could be useful in shortening the total duration of their illness. It is essential that the investigations of the effects of drugs in viral hepatitis be performed on well–defined etiological homogeneous subgroups.
Lactulose (Cephulac) in Portosystemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Mary Ellen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide that lowers elevated blood ammonia levels and improves symptoms in patients with portosystemic encephalopathy. It is generally well tolerated and appears to be a suitable alternative to neomycin sulfate for maintenance therapy to prevent recurrent attacks and to improve protein tolerance. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2444-2445, 1976)
Presence of a Critical Coronary Artery Stenosis Does Not Abolish the Protective Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Shaival J. Kapadia, Joseph S. Terlato, Albert S. Most
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Episodic, severe coronary artery flow restriction preconditions the myocardium much like brief occlusions. The necessity for full reperfusion after a preconditioning intervention to elicit the preconditioning response is unclear. This study investigated in closed-chest swine the effect of a persistent critical coronary stenosis with moderate flow reduction on ischemic preconditioning. Methods and Results Farm pigs (n=23) assigned to one of four groups—(1) control, (2) stenosis, (3) preconditioned (PC), or (4) preconditioned plus stenosis (PC/S)—underwent percutaneous instrumentation with a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty catheter advanced to the mid–left anterior descending coronary artery. An artificial coronary stenosis (82% diameter reduction) was mounted on the catheter just proximal to the balloon in the two stenosis groups. Preconditioning stimulus consisted of two 10-minute balloon occlusions followed by 15 minutes of reperfusion. All groups subsequently underwent 45 minutes of occlusion followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Baseline regional myocardial blood flow in the area at risk (AAR), measured with colored microspheres, was lowest in the stenosis groups, with flow expressed as a percentage of normal zone flow. Infarct size (percent of AAR), determined by staining slices of the heart with triphenyltetrazolium, was significantly reduced in PC compared with control pigs (15.1±5.9% versus 66.8±6.4%, respectively; P &lt;.001). Infarct size in PC/S pigs was also significantly reduced (29.7±7.1%, P =.004 versus control) but was not different in degree from PC pigs ( P =.6). The stenosis by itself conferred no preconditioning benefit (percent of AAR=69.0±5.4%). Conclusions A moderate flow-limiting stenosis did not prevent preconditioning but may have attenuated the effect. This may be analogous to the clinical scenario in which intermittent coronary occlusion and reperfusion superimposed on a critical stenosis precede a prolonged occlusion treated with thrombolysis.
Retrospective study of mortality after a water pollution incident at Lowermoor in north Cornwall
Authors: P J Owen
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Background</h3> Susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) can be a useful MRI biomarker of an occlusion but its relationship with clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is yet to be fully elucidated. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate SVS in relation to the clinical outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy using a stent retriever (SR) as first-line approach in patients with AIS. <h3>Material and methods</h3> We included patients with a first-line SR approach for anterior AIS from the the <i>Contact Aspiration vs Stent Retriever for Successful Revascularization (ASTER) and THRombectomie des Artères CErebrales (THRACE)</i> trials when both baseline imaging of SVS and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were available. Patients were assigned to two groups based on the presence of an SVS (independent core laboratory), and the overall distributions of the mRS score at 90 days (shift analysis) and clinical independence (mRS score ≤2) were compared. <h3>Results</h3> 217 patients were included and SVS was diagnosed in 76.0% of cases (n=165, 95% CI 70.4% to 81.7%). After adjustment for potential confounders, SVS+ was significantly associated with 90-day mRS improvement (adjusted common OR=2.75; 95% CI 1.44 to 5.26) and favorable outcome (adjusted common OR=2.76; 95% CI 1.18 to 6.45). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Based on results for patients of the ASTER and THRACE trials receiving first-line SR treatment, SVS was associated with lower disability at 3 months. Large prospective studies using MRI-based thrombus evaluation are warranted.
On the interpretation of the exercise test.
Authors: A Selzer, K Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The widespread popularization of stress testing and the extensive application of its results in a variety of clinical settings make it imperative that a better method than the presently used simplistic "positive" or "negative" interpretation be devised. As a step toward a comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic index based on stress tests, a simple grading system of electrocardiographic changes, together with recognition of clinical modifiers, is suggested.
Comparative effectiveness of long term drug treatment strategies to prevent asthma exacerbations: network meta-analysis
Authors: R. J. B. Loymans, A. Gemperli, J. Cohen, S. M. Rubinstein, P. J. Sterk, H. K. Reddel, P. Juni, G. ter Riet
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the comparative effectiveness and safety of current maintenance strategies in preventing exacerbations of asthma. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and network meta-analysis using Bayesian statistics. <b>Data sources</b> Cochrane systematic reviews on chronic asthma, complemented by an updated search when appropriate. <b>Eligibility criteria Trials of a</b>dults with asthma randomised to maintenance treatments of at least 24 weeks duration and that reported on asthma exacerbations in full text. Low dose inhaled corticosteroid treatment was the comparator strategy. The primary effectiveness outcome was the rate of severe exacerbations. The secondary outcome was the composite of moderate or severe exacerbations. The rate of withdrawal was analysed as a safety outcome. <b>Results</b> 64 trials with 59 622 patient years of follow-up comparing 15 strategies and placebo were included. For prevention of severe exacerbations, combined inhaled corticosteroids and long acting β agonists as maintenance and reliever treatment and combined inhaled corticosteroids and long acting β agonists in a fixed daily dose performed equally well and were ranked first for effectiveness. The rate ratios compared with low dose inhaled corticosteroids were 0.44 (95% credible interval 0.29 to 0.66) and 0.51 (0.35 to 0.77), respectively. Other combined strategies were not superior to inhaled corticosteroids and all single drug treatments were inferior to single low dose inhaled corticosteroids. Safety was best for conventional best (guideline based) practice and combined maintenance and reliever therapy. <b>Conclusions</b> Strategies with combined inhaled corticosteroids and long acting β agonists are most effective and safe in preventing severe exacerbations of asthma, although some heterogeneity was observed in this network meta-analysis of full text reports.
Abstract A79: Mouse models of breast cancer identify oncogene-associated stroma subtypes
Authors: Sadiq M. Saleh, Paul Savage, Julie Laferrière, Sean Cory, Nicholas Bertos, Margarita Souleimanova, Hong Zhao, Eldad Zacksenhaus, William Muller, Michael Hallett, Morag Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Breast Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease involving complex crosstalk between tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment (stroma). Previous work in our lab utilized laser capture microdissection and gene expression analysis to separate Breast Cancer stromal samples into distinct subtypes. Although this and other data demonstrate the importance of the stroma in tumor progression, the cause of these stromal changes are still poorly understood. We hypothesize that changes within stroma are related to individual oncogenic events within the tumor epithelium. Analyzing human data does not allow us to draw causative conclusions due to the presence of compounding factors such as genetic variance and living conditions. In an attempt to circumvent this challenge we used transgenic mouse models of breast cancer in the same strain of mice (FVB) with oncogenes driven by a mammary specific promoter (MMTV). By keeping these variables constant and only varying the oncogene: using either Neu-NDL-2-5, PyVMT or Wnt1 - allowed us to test the aforementioned hypothesis. Class discovery and distinction confirmed that the epithelial and stromal samples from each mouse model were distinct, which validated our hypothesis. Pathway analysis of the genes that distinguish the stroma of the mouse models identifies genes linked to recruitment and activation of different stromal cells. Interestingly our findings corroborate with results from other labs using these mouse models. Citation Format: Sadiq M. Saleh, Paul Savage, Julie Laferrière, Sean Cory, Nicholas Bertos, Margarita Souleimanova, Hong Zhao, Eldad Zacksenhaus, William Muller, Michael Hallett, Morag Park. Mouse models of breast cancer identify oncogene-associated stroma subtypes. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A79. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A79
Diagnosing chest pain in general practice
Authors: Neil C Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2006)

As is often the case, Mrs Patel, a 28 year old woman, presented with chest pain first to her general practitioner.1 Chest pain is a common presentation in general practice in all age groups, and often difficult to diagnose precisely. More often we attempt to exclude certain diagnoses—not only coronary heart disease but also pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, pneumothorax, and cancer. Most of these have been mentioned in the rapid responses.2

The case progression shows the difficulties that even cardiologists, with extensive hospital resources, have in reaching a clear diagnosis. For the general practitioner, things are even …
Statistics and biomedical research.
Authors: R W Miller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Medical observations of leukemia or Hodgkin's disease clusters in time and space have led statisticians to invent techniques to evaluate the probability that these occurrences were due to chance. A difficult computation in human genetics was simplified by a matrix devised by a non-genetical statistician, and readily adapted to newly emerging computer-processing. The experiences exemplify the special opportunity in Japan to enhance research by merging mathematical talent with biomedical observations.
738–2 The Evolution of Therapy for Single Vessel Disease: A Treatment Comparison of Medicine, Angioplasty and Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft for Proximal Left Anterior Descending Disease
Authors: Joseph A. Puma, Michael H. Sketch, Laura H. Gardner, Charlotte L. Nelson, Harry R. Phillips, Richard S. Stack, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)