tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inverted Replication of Vertebrate Mitochondria
Authors: M. M. Fonseca, D. Posada, D. J. Harris
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

After analyzing the base composition asymmetry of coding regions in vertebrate mitochondria, we identified 2 fishes, Albula glossodonta and Bathygadus antrodes, with inverted compositional patterns. Both species appear to have an unusual control region (CR), and in B. antrodes, it has switched from the light strand to the heavy strand. To our knowledge, this is the first report in vertebrates of inverted mitochondrial replication, caused by an inversion of the CR. These findings support the strand-asymmetric model of mtDNA replication and suggest that vertebrate mtDNA can tolerate globally reversed mutational pressures. In addition, we propose that nucleotide bias is not strand specific but that it depends on the location of the CR.
Assisted dying should be part of care package offered to terminally ill people, debate hears
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Assisted dying should form part of a good palliative care service for terminally ill people in the United Kingdom, said Ann McPherson, a GP and founder of a new group of medical professionals called Dignity in Dying: Healthcare Professionals for Change ( BMJ 2010;341:c5498, doi:10.1136/bmj.c5498).

Speaking at a debate hosted by the Medical Journalists’ Association last week on assisted dying and whether the law should be changed, Dr McPherson, who is herself dying from pancreatic cancer, called for the law on assisted dying to be changed in a “narrow way” so that people who are dying and who are able to make the decision …
Phaeohyphomycosis caused by <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> following intra-articular steroid injection
Authors: A. WOOLLONS, C.R. DARLEY, S. PANDIAN, P. ARNSTEIN, J. BLACKEE, J. PAUL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

A patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis presented with a painful pigmented chronic nodule on the dorsum of the right hand, at the site of intra-articular steroid injections undertaken 5 years previously. Histology showed pigmented fungal elements consistent with phaeohyphomycosis. Cultures yielded black yeast-like colonies, identified as Exophiala dermatitidis and sensitive to itraconazole and amphotericin. A 1-month course of itraconazole resulted in marked clinical improvement but surgical excision and skin grafting were required for complete resolution. Phaeohyphomycosis has been related to inoculation injury but association with intra-articular steroid injection appears hitherto to be unreported.
Hematuria and Crystalluria after High-Dose 6-Mercaptopurine Administration
Authors: M. J. Duttera, R. L. Carolla, J. F. Gallelli, D. S. Gullion, D. E. Keim, E. S. Henderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

DESPITE the clinical use of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) for 18 years, acute genitourinary toxicity seems not to have been reported, although hematologic, gastrointestinal, hepatic and, uncommonly, dermatologic toxicity have been seen.1 The nine children with acute leukemia recently seen on the Leukemia Service, National Cancer Institute, described below experienced hematuria and crystalluria in association with high-dosage parenteral 6-MP administration.Case ReportsHematuria was first noted in this group of patients in December, 1970, and January, 1971, when five children had grossly bloody urine while receiving POMP combination therapy (vincristine, 2.0 mg per square meter, on the first day, and prednisolone, 1000 . . .
Primary Malignant Lymphoma of the Spine Diagnosed by Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 Imaging
Authors: TON-HO YOUNG, KAI-PIENG TANG, HUNG-SHANG TANG, CHUNG-TE HSU, CHIH-YUNG YU, None HO-TOM, YOU-CHEN CHAO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A patient with primary malignant lymphoma of the spine had both Tc-99m MDP bone imaging and a Ga-67 scan. The bone scan showed remarkable uptake corresponding to the tumor detected on CT and MRI. More avid uptake was noted on Ga-67 scintigraphy than on the bone scan. Ga-67 scintigraphy appears to be very useful in detecting the site and extent of primary lymphoma of the spine.
PLATELETS IN RAT ANAPHYLAXIS
Authors: L. FÉSÜS, B. CSABA, L. MUSZBEK
Journal: Allergy (1976)

The number of circulating platelets dropped abruptly in the early phase of severe anaphylactic shock (AS) of the rat and could be inhibited by Persantin but not by heparin pretreatment. The results strongly suggest that an aggregating agent, perhaps "platelet aggregating factor", formed or released during anaphylaxis is responsible for the decrease of platelet number. The organ distribution of 51Cr labelled platelets showed that in AS the aggregated platelets were removed from the circulation mostly by the spleen and part of them were trapped in the lung and the small intestine. The remaining platelets retained their functional integrity. The loss of circulating platelets is manifested by the prolongation of rat tail bleeding time and is one of the factors participating in the haemostatic disturbances during anaphylaxis.
Purchasing Power and Food Prices
Authors: F. G. Hopkins, S. M. Berry, V. H. Mottram, J. M. Campbell, None Noel-Buxton, A. D. Hall, J. B. Orr, None Horder, C. S. Orwin, J. S. Huxley, G. M. Tuckwell, R. McCarrison, E. F. Rathbone, E. M. Hubback, L. H. Guest
Journal: BMJ (1940)
Improving Health Care for the Lesbian and Gay Communities
Authors: Harvey J Makadon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

On my 40th birthday, I made two important decisions regarding my health: I would finally see a physician on a routine basis, and I would be frank with my newly chosen doctor about being gay. This revelation might seem to have come late in life, but for me it was a major breakthrough. Although this physician had been recommended to me by colleagues, I was disappointed by the lack of discussion following my emotionally difficult statement about my sexual orientation. He did not discuss my sexual history or recommend that I be tested for HIV, nor did we discuss the . . .
Chemokines and atherosclerosis: what Adam Smith has to say about vascular disease
Authors: Barrett J. Rollins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

“The division of labor, so far as it can be introduced, occasions, in every art, a proportionable increase of the productive powers of labor.”

Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776

At the dawn of the industrial age, the social philosopher and economist Adam Smith wanted to explain how some countries were able to create what he called the “opulence” that other countries lacked. Smith suggested that the foremost driver of wealth was the division of labor because it directly results in increased productivity. In his famous example, one worker might make 20 pins a day, but when 10 workers divide the various tasks required to make a pin, they might make 48,000 a day, or an average of 4800 pins per worker per day. This concept is so powerful that it would be surprising if natural selection did not reward biological systems that do the same thing.

To pursue this idea, one might, by straining credulity right to the breaking point, draw an analogy between inflammation and manufacturing. The “product” is effector cell infiltration into target tissues, which is a complex, multistep process involving alterations in cell adhesion, motility, and gene expression. The “workers” are chemokines, an equally complex family of 50 or so small secreted proteins that are chemoattractants for the leukocytes that make up the infiltrate (1). Here, then, is a system that seems tailor-made for the benefits of division of labor, and recent work on the function of chemokines in disease suggests that this is exactly what has happened.
14-3-3 Is a Regulator of the Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Nav1.5
Authors: Marie Allouis, Françoise Le Bouffant, Ronald Wilders, David Péroz, Jean-Jacques Schott, Jacques Noireaud, Hervé Le Marec, Jean Mérot, Denis Escande, Isabelle Baró
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

The voltage-sensitive Na(+) channel Na(v)1.5 plays a crucial role in generating and propagating the cardiac action potential and its dysfunction promotes cardiac arrhythmias. The channel takes part into a large molecular complex containing regulatory proteins. Thus, factors that modulate its biosynthesis, localization, activity, and/or degradation are of great interest from both a physiological and pathological standpoint. Using a yeast 2-hybrid screen, we unveiled a novel partner, 14-3-3eta, interacting with the Na(v)1.5 cytoplasmic I interdomain. The interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of 14-3-3 and full-length Na(v)1.5 both in COS-7 cells expressing recombinant Na(v)1.5 and in mouse cardiac myocytes. Using immunocytochemistry, we also found that 14-3-3 and Na(v)1.5 colocalized at the intercalated discs. We tested the functional link between Na(v)1.5 and 14-3-3eta using the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. Coexpressing Na(v)1.5, the beta1 subunit and 14-3-3eta induced a negative shift in the inactivation curve of the Na(+) current, a delayed recovery from inactivation, but no changes in the activation curve or in the current density. The negative shift was reversed, and the recovery from inactivation was normalized by overexpressing the Na(v)1.5 cytoplasmic I interdomain interacting with 14-3-3eta. Reversal was also obtained with the dominant negative R56,60A 14-3-3eta mutant, suggesting that dimerization of 14-3-3 is needed for current regulation. Computer simulations suggest that the absence of 14-3-3 could exert proarrhythmic effects on cardiac electrical restitution properties. Based on these findings, we propose that the 14-3-3 protein is a novel component of the cardiac Na(+) channel acting as a cofactor for the regulation of the cardiac Na(+) current.
Prospective Study of Small LDLs as a Risk Factor for Non–Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly Men and Women
Authors: Melissa A. Austin, Leena Mykkänen, Johanna Kuusisto, Karen L. Edwards, Carrie Nelson, Steven M. Haffner, Kalevi Pyörälä, Markku Laakso
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The excess risk of atherosclerosis among patients with non–insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is well documented. However, the presence of conventional risk factors cannot fully account for this excess risk, and the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study prospectively evaluated the role of small LDL, a known risk factor for coronary heart disease, as a risk factor for the development of NIDDM. Methods and Results The study was based on a nested case-control sample of 204 elderly men and women from Kuopio, Finland. LDL subclasses were characterized by size with 2% to 14% polyacrylamide gels produced by recently developed methods. Logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with a predominance of small LDL (LDL subclass phenotype B) had a greater than twofold increased risk for developing NIDDM over the 3.5-year follow-up period. This association was independent of age, sex, glucose intolerance, and body mass index but was not independent of fasting triglyceride or insulin levels. Further, an increase of 5Å in LDL diameter was associated with a 16% decrease in risk of NIDDM, and a composite variable of LDL diameter and triglyceride and HDL cholesterol concentrations, identified by principal-components analysis, was also associated with NIDDM. These associations may be attributable to the role of small LDL as a marker for insulin resistance. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate that a predominance of small LDL particles is a risk factor for the future development of NIDDM, and it implies that small LDL contributes to risk of coronary heart disease in prediabetics.
Swine Erysipelas Infection in Man
Authors: C. M. McIntyre
Journal: BMJ (1948)

of Raffaele's findings by saying that they have not been confirmed or received any support.But it is just that negative assumption that needs support, a support that would exact a long painstaking work as was Raffaele's work.I am sure that your readers may be surprised in learning from Davey that to succeed in finding these forms, with the same diffi- culties that one meets in finding them in a six-days-old chick, it would be necessary to inoculate in the human the contents of 50,000 infected salivary glands.All malariologists who took the trouble of looking at Raffaele's smears have not hesitated in con- sidering them as belongfng to the exo-erythrocytic stage.I think that the authors' findings in the monkey is a confirmation of Raffaele's work on man.By the way, owing to the authority of Raffaele in that field his observations should have been accepted.
The inhalation device influences lung deposition and bronchodilating effect of terbutaline.
Authors: L Borgström, E Derom, E Ståhl, E Wåhlin-Boll, R Pauwels
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The development of new inhalation devices for asthma drugs raises the issue of the relationship between pulmonary deposition and therapeutic effect of inhaled drugs in patients with obstructive lung diseases. We thus conducted a randomized, double-blind and double-dummy, four-period crossover study in 13 patients with moderate asthma (mean age 36 yr; FEV1 59% of predicted), who inhaled 0.25 and 0.5 mg terbutaline sulphate on separate occasions either via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) or Turbuhaler (TBH). Pulmonary deposition was 8.1 +/- 2.7% and 8.3 +/- 2.3%, respectively, of the nominal dose for pMDI and 19.0 +/- 7.3%, and 22.0 +/- 8.1% for TBH. The FEV1 increase after 0.25 mg terbutaline sulphate via TBH was significantly greater than after 0.25 mg via pMDI. No significant differences in FEV1 increase were observed between 0.25 mg via TBH, 0.5 mg via pMDI, or 0.5 mg via TBH. Other lung function variables showed similar dose- and device-related changes. We concluded that: (1) the dose of terbutaline sulphate deposited in the lungs is dependent on which inhalation system is used; (2) TBH delivers about twice the amount of drug to the lungs as the pMDI; and (3) the observed difference in deposition is reflected in the bronchodilating effect.
Stramonium and Belladonna Hallucinogens
Authors: Bro. Thomas Brown
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with great interest the report of David J. Muller, MD, concerning the use of "Unpublished Hallucinogens" (<b>202</b>:650, 1967) but must disagree with his statement that this is a "new" use of belladonna alkaloids mixed with stramonium. The mixture referred to by Muller is a 50.4% stramonium and 4.5% belladonna preparation. The predominance of stramonium in this large a proportion is probably the cause of the psychotomimetic effect. The use of this preparation as a hallucinogen has been reported by Dean.<sup>1</sup>Cavanagh also makes reference to this preparation in a recent article directed to the clergy.<sup>2</sup> I strongly agree with Muller in his assertion that the mixture should be controlled. But he may be jumping the gun in believing that the belladonna alkaloids are being used on a wide basis as hallucinogens. Stramonium is from the plant<i>Datura stramonum</i>and belladonna is from
Primary Care Residency Training: The First Five Years
Authors: JO IVEY BOUFFORD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The training of physicians for the delivery of primary care is becoming a national priority. The period of residency training is viewed by many as the focal point for educational change to meet this demand. The Residency Program in Social Medicine at Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center was begun in 1970 and offers primary care residency training toward board eligibility in internal medicine, pediatrics, or family practice. The pairing concept of scheduling guarantees the resident a continuity of care experience for his own panel of patients at the ambulatory site. The hospital and the ambulatory site share the cost of residents' salaries. Primary care curriculum for clinical and clinical-support areas, delivery-site design, and faculty-utilization models must all be uniquely suited to the training of the future primary care practitioner. Resident recruitment and selection and the involvement of residents in the management of the residency program are crucial features of program success and training for future practice.
MRSA in waste treatment water poses potential risk
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Drug susceptible and drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been identified in about half of the intake and egress samples gathered at four waste water treatment sites in the United States. It raises potential public health concerns for how this water is used.

The study is believed to be the first of its kind in the United States and was prompted by an earlier similar report from Sweden.

Researchers gathered 44 samples at various …
Lumpectomy is as effective as mastectomy for breast cancer
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Lumpectomy is just as effective as mastectomy for treating small breast cancers, conclude two studies from Italy and the United States.

Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh studied 1851 women with tumours up to 4 cm in diameter. In more than a third of cases the cancer had spread to the axillary lymph nodes ( New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 347:1233-41)

The women were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: a mastectomy, a lumpectomy alone, or a lumpectomy followed by radiation. The women were monitored for 20 years as part of the …
Electrical stimulation of muscles replaces braces for scoliosis
Authors: None Catherine
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Until recently, a child with progressive scoliosis faced either years of treatment with a brace or major corrective surgery. Now two orthopedic research teams have limited the progression of scoliosis and sometimes actually reduced curvatures by using intermittent muscle contraction induced by electrical stimulation. Walter P. Bobechko, MD, chief of orthopedic surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, accomplishes this by implanting into the subcutaneous tissue of the back a small batteryless receiver whose leads impinge on the deep paraspinal muscles on the convex part of the curve. A bedside radio transmitter activates the internal device, and treatment occurs only when the child is asleep. A research team at Rancho Los Amigos Rehabilitation Engineering Center in Downey, Calif, headed by orthopedist John C. Brown, MD, favors instead external electrical stimulation of the lateral spinal musculature to achieve the same result. In this technique, two electrode disks connected to a
Flipping healthcare: an essay by Maureen Bisognano and Dan Schummers
Authors: M. Bisognano, D. Schummers
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Maureen Bisognano</b> and <b>Dan Schummers</b> argue that to meet today's healthcare challenges, we need to flip our thinking to develop innovative models of care that can improve health, improve care delivery, and lower costs
Audit of endoscopic surveillance biopsy specimens in HIV positive patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Authors: S G Lim, M C Lipman, S Squire, D Pillay, S Gillespie, E A Sankey, A P Dhillon, M A Johnson, C A Lee, R E Pounder
Journal: Gut (1993)

An audit of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in HIV infected patients with gastrointestinal symptoms assessed the frequency of disease detected by endoscopy and routine laboratory analysis of surveillance biopsy specimens. Sixty nine consecutive endoscopies were performed in 59 HIV infected patients. Endoscopic biopsy specimens were taken from the lower oesophagus, gastric antrum, and third part of the duodenum for virology, histopathology, parasitology, bacteriology, and mycobacterial culture. Endoscopic appearances detected disease in 25/59 (42.4%) patients (oesophageal candida, 14; oesophageal ulcer, 3; Kaposi9s sarcoma, 4; others, 4), but only 4/43 (9.3%) specimens showed evidence of disease in the absence of endoscopic abnormality. Virology for cytomegalovirus (detection of early antigenic fluorescent foci and culture) was positive in 6/59 (10.2%) patients, but parasitology and mycobacterial culture were negative in all cases. Histopathology was abnormal in 11/52 (21%) oesophageal biopsy specimens, 13/47 (28%) gastric biopsy specimens, and 4/65 (6%) duodenal biopsy specimens. Abnormal findings were found predominantly in those with advanced HIV disease (CDC Stage IV) (21/33 patients (64%)) compared with those with early HIV disease (CDC Stage II) (5/26 (19%)). In conclusion, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy detects macroscopic disease in AIDS patients and those with low CD4 counts, but routine surveillance biopsy specimens of apparently normal bowel in early HIV disease (or where CD4 counts are greater than 0.2 x 10(9)/1) are of little value.
A Case of Poisoning by the Inhalation of Coal-Gas
Authors: S. Lockie
Journal: BMJ (1875)

jury, it would not be right to attribute all the results to the injury caused by the splinter of bone driven through the membranes into the brain, and removed by the operation of trephining.But, in the first case related, the injury was clearly restricted to that caused by the punctured fracture ; and, as it resulted in atrophy of both optic nerves, it affords proof that injury and irritation of the anterior lobe of the brain may result in loss of vision of either or both eyes.The practical deduction is that, in cases of punctured fracture, the greatest care and caution ought to be observed; and, on the appear- ance of head-symptoms, the trephine ought to be applied without delay, so as to remove all offending spiculxe of bone from the mem- branes and substance of the brain.Percival l'ott declared that "perforation is absolutely necessary in seven cases out of ten of simple undepressed fracture of the skull", a doctrine which subsequent experience has disproved ; but it is not impossible that, in punctured fracture, some such proportion of cases may demand the operation; and in all such it must be of vital import- ance that its performance should be as early as possible, and before serious changes lhave been set up in the substance of the brain.
Dose-Response Effects of <sup>32</sup> P Radioactive Stents in an Atherosclerotic Porcine Coronary Model
Authors: Andrew J. Carter, Douglas Scott, Lynn Bailey, Timothy Hoopes, Russ Jones, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Experimental studies have demonstrated that 32 P radioactive stents reduce neointimal formation at 28 days in porcine iliac and coronary arteries. Our objective was to determine the long-term dose-response effects of 1.0- to 12.0-μCi 32 P radioactive stents in a porcine atherosclerotic coronary model. Methods and Results —Control (n=19) and 1.0- to 12.0-μCi 32 P radioactive (n=43) stents (total, n=62) were implanted in the coronary arteries of 31 miniature swine at 28 days after creation of a fibrocellular plaque by overstretch balloon injury and cholesterol feeding. Angiography and histomorphometry were performed at 6 months. Stent thrombosis occurred in 3 radioactive (7.7%) and no control stents ( P =0.54). On histology, the mean neointimal area and the percent in-stent stenosis correlated positively with increasing stent activity ( r =0.64, P &lt;0.001). The mean neointimal area (mm 2 ) for the stents with ≥3.0 μCi 32 P (3.57±1.21) was significantly greater than that for the nonradioactive stents (1.78±0.68, P &lt;0.0001). The neointima of the stents with ≥3.0 μCi 32 P was composed of smooth muscle cells, matrix proteoglycans, calcification, foam cells, and cholesterol clefts. Conclusions —Continuous low-dose-rate irradiation delivered by high-activity 32 P radioactive stents promotes the formation of an “atheromatous” neointima after 6 months in this experimental model. These data may be useful for predicting late tissue responses to radioactive stents in human coronary arteries.
ETB receptor protects the tubulointerstitium in experimental thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Masaomi Nangaku, Koei Yamada, Cheryl E. Gariepy, Toshio Miyata, Reiko Inagi, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Masashi Yanagisawa, Toshiro Fujita, Richard J. Johnson
Journal: Kidney International (2002)