tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium falciparum STEVOR proteins impact erythrocyte mechanical properties
Authors: Sohini Sanyal, Stéphane Egée, Guillaume Bouyer, Sylvie Perrot, Innocent Safeukui, Emmanuel Bischoff, Pierre Buffet, Kirk W. Deitsch, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon, Peter H. David, Thomas J. Templeton, Catherine Lavazec
Journal: Blood (2011)
Knowledge and intention can penetrate early vision
Authors: Mary A. Peterson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Although some types of cognition may not affect early vision, there is ample evidence that other types of cognition do. Evidence indicating that early vision is penetrable by direct manipulation of viewers' perceptual intentions and by knowledge of the structure of familiar objects is reviewed, and related to both the Pylyshyn target article and Fodor (1983).
Extract of an Address on Universities in their Relation to Professional Education
Authors: L. Playfair
Journal: BMJ (1873)

TilE BRZTISH MEDICAL _OURNAL.i65 month, year after year; and the physiological result of this persistent overaction of the minute renal arteries is that their muscular walls be- come hypertrophied.I will show you, hereafter, that a similar hypertrophy of the renal arteries occurs in other forms of chronic Bright's disease, but it is most constant and most conspicuous in the contracted granular kidney wlhich we are now considering.The comparatively Small amount of albumen in the urine, and its occasional absence in cases of contracted kidney, may be explained by the fact that, while there is but little compression of the intertubular capillaries by swollen tubes, and consequently but little passive engorgement of the Malpighian capillaries, the hvpertrophied renal arteries, by their powerful contraction, prevent a too forcible influx of blood.Hence, too, it happens, that hzemorrhage inito the tubes, which is so common in acute Bright's disease, rarely occurs in this chronic form of the malady.[To 1 conlinuzew.
Discordance between TSTs and IFN- release assays: the role of NTM and the relevance of mycobacterial sensitins
Authors: I. Latorre, M. De Souza-Galvão, J. Ruiz-manzano, A. Lacoma, C. Prat, N. Altet, V. Ausina, J. Domínguez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

From the authors:

We do appreciate the comments by M. Tebruegge and co-workers about our recently published manuscript in the European Respiratory Journal 1. The aim of this reply is to clarify some points in order to interpret better the results of the study, given that we think there were some misunderstandings.

In vitro assays for measuring interferon (IFN)-γ released by the T-cells after specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulation have demonstrated promising results in adults and also in children for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) infection 2, 3. However, there are discordant results between IFN-γ based assays and the tuberculin skin test (TST) that require clarification in order to assess the real utility of the in vitro tests in the management of patients 2, 4.

In our study we determined the potential role of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) sensitisation in children as a factor of discordant results between TST and an in vitro T-cell based assay (T.SPOT. TB ; Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK). We enrolled 21 non-bacille Calmette–Guerin vaccinated paediatric …
Photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group
Authors: F. L. Ferris
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A GENERALLY healthy 30-year-old man, with insulin-dependent diabetes of 20 years' duration, was referred to the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md, for evaluation and treatment of his diabetic retinopathy. The patient was in apparently good ocular health until several weeks before the evaluation when he noted some blurring of vision in both eyes. Diabetic retinopathy was noted by his ophthalmologist, and he was referred to the National Institutes of Health. On initial evaluation, his visual acuity was 20/30 in both eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed only minor cortical lens opacities in each eye. The intraocular pressures measured with a Goldmann's applanation tonometer were 18 mm Hg bilaterally. He had extensive proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes with large neovascular fronds arising from both optic discs. There was also some thickening of the retina in the macular region of each eye. Figure 1 shows two frames of
Effects of Mechanical Stress and Carvedilol in Lamin A/C–Deficient Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Suchitra Chandar, Li Sze Yeo, Christiana Leimena, Ju-Chiat Tan, Xiao-Hui Xiao, Vesna Nikolova-Krstevski, Yoshinori Yasuoka, Margaret Gardiner-Garden, Jianxin Wu, Scott Kesteven, Lina Karlsdotter, Shweta Natarajan, Arthur Carlton, Stephen Rainer, Michael P. Feneley, Diane Fatkin
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the nuclear lamina proteins lamin A and lamin C, are the most common cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Mechanical stress-induced apoptosis has been proposed as the mechanism underpinning DCM in lamin A/C-deficient hearts, but supporting in vivo evidence has been lacking.Our aim was to study interventions to modify mechanical stress in heterozygous Lmna knockout (Lmna(+/-)) mice.Cardiac structure and function were evaluated before and after exercise training, thoracic aortic constriction, and carvedilol treatment. Lmna(+/-) mice develop adult-onset DCM with relatively more severe disease in males. Lmna(+/-) cardiomyocytes show altered nuclear morphology and perinuclear desmin organization, with enhanced responses to hypo-osmotic stress indicative of cytoskeletal instability. Despite these structural defects that provide a template for mechanical stress-induced damage, young Lmna(+/-) mice subjected to 6 weeks of moderate or strenuous exercise training did not show induction of apoptosis or accelerated DCM. In contrast, regular moderate exercise attenuated DCM development in male Lmna(+/-) mice. Sustained pressure overload generated by thoracic aortic constriction depressed ventricular contraction in young wild-type and Lmna(+/-) mice with no sex or genotype differences in the time-course or severity of response. Treatment of male Lmna(+/-) mice from 12 to 40 weeks with the beta-blocker, carvedilol, prevented the dilatation and contractile dysfunction that was observed in placebo-treated mice.These data suggest that factors other than mechanical stress-induced apoptosis contribute to DCM and provide the first demonstration that regular moderate exercise and carvedilol can modify disease progression in lamin A/C-deficient hearts.
Minimally invasive surgery More invasive than it looks
Authors: A C Skinner, W H Turner, J C Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In the article on future developments in minimally invasive surgery J E A Wickham falls into the trap of confusing personal desire with accurate prediction and novelty with science.1 Most anaesthetists would query the term “minimally invasive.” Certainly such surgery entails “minimal access” but it remains to be seen how invasive minimal access surgery really is. Evidence is emerging, for example, that laparoscopic surgery is indeed quite a severe cardiovascular stress, and other “invasions” remain to be discovered.

The suggestion that the “requirement for profound anaesthesia will decline” certainly does not apply to laparoscopic surgery - indeed, for laparoscopic herniorraphy the opposite is true. Sedoanalgesia is not, in any case, inherently better, safer, or preferred by patients, nor would its widespread application allow operator-sedationists to free themselves …
Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Disease
Authors: David A. Karnofsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

From the large array of substances under laboratory and clinical study, several have been established as useful in the management of patients with inoperable neoplastic disease. These agents are discussed in the order of their value to the clinician, as judged by their unique therapeutic activity and their general clinical effectiveness. Estrogens Estrogens are useful in the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate and, to a considerably lesser extent, in carcinoma of the breast. With the fundamental work of Huggins214 in establishing the role of the steroid hormones in prostatic physiology, the therapeutic value of castration and estrogen therapy in . . .
Inhaled and Nasal Corticosteroid Use and the Risk of Fracture
Authors: Samy Suissa, Marc Baltzan, Richard Kremer, Pierre Ernst
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Studies of the risk of fracture associated with inhaled corticosteroids are inconclusive and are limited to short-term effects. We assessed whether long-term use increases this risk. We conducted a case control study nested within a population-based cohort of all Quebec elderly dispensed respiratory medications and followed for at least 4 years during 1988-2001. There were 9,624 new cases of fracture of the hip or upper extremities and 191,622 age-matched control subjects (mean age of 81 years). The rate of any such fracture for current inhaled corticosteroid use was not elevated (rate ratio [RR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-1.03). For upper-extremity fracture, the rate increased by 12% (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.19) with every 1,000-microg increase in the daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids, but not for hip fracture (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.88-1.07). Among subjects followed for over 8 years, the rate of hip fracture was only elevated with daily doses of more than 2,000 microg of inhaled corticosteroids (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.04-2.50). The rate was not elevated at any dose of nasal corticosteroids. In conclusion, the long-term use of inhaled and nasal corticosteroids at the usual recommended doses is not associated with a risk of fracture in older patients with respiratory disease.
QRS Duration, Bundle-Branch Block Morphology, and Outcomes Among Older Patients With Heart Failure Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Pamela N. Peterson, Melissa A. Greiner, Laura G. Qualls, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Jeptha P. Curtis, Gregg C. Fonarow, Stephen C. Hammill, Paul A. Heidenreich, Bradley G. Hammill, Jonathan P. Piccini, Adrian F. Hernandez, Lesley H. Curtis, Frederick A. Masoudi
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> The benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in clinical trials were greater among patients with left bundle-branch block (LBBB) or longer QRS duration. <h3>Objective</h3> To measure associations between QRS duration and morphology and outcomes among patients receiving a CRT defibrillator (CRT-D) in clinical practice. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's ICD Registry between 2006 and 2009 who underwent CRT-D implantation. Patients were stratified according to whether they were admitted for CRT-D implantation or for another reason, then categorized as having either LBBB or no LBBB and QRS duration of either 150 ms or greater or 120 to 149 ms. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> All-cause mortality; all-cause, cardiovascular, and heart failure readmission; and complications. Patients underwent follow-up for up to 3 years, with follow-up through December 2011. <h3>Results</h3> Among 24 169 patients admitted for CRT-D implantation, 1-year and 3-year mortality rates were 9.2% and 25.9%, respectively. All-cause readmission rates were 10.2% at 30 days and 43.3% at 1 year. Both the unadjusted rate and adjusted risk of 3-year mortality were lowest among patients with LBBB and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (20.9%), compared with LBBB and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (26.5%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.30 [99% CI, 1.18-1.42]), no LBBB and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (30.7%; HR, 1.34 [99% CI, 1.20-1.49]), and no LBBB and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (32.3%; HR, 1.52 [99% CI, 1.38-1.67]). The unadjusted rate and adjusted risk of 1-year all-cause readmission were also lowest among patients with LBBB and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (38.6%), compared with LBBB and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (44.8%; adjusted HR, 1.18 [99% CI, 1.10-1.26]), no LBBB and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (45.7%; HR, 1.16 [99% CI, 1.08-1.26]), and no LBBB and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (49.6%; HR, 1.31 [99% CI, 1.23-1.40]). There were no observed associations with complications. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries undergoing CRT-D implantation in clinical practice, LBBB and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater, compared with LBBB and QRS duration less than 150 ms or no LBBB regardless of QRS duration, was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and of all-cause, cardiovascular, and heart failure readmissions.
STUDIES ON RENAL JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS
Authors: Phyllis M. Hartroft
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Hypertension in rats produced by constriction of one renal artery was associated with degranulation of juxtaglomerular cells in the contralateral, undamped, kidney. These findings are consistent with those of other investigators. Furthermore, the degree of granulation (JGI) in the unclamped kidney was inversely correlated with the level of blood pressure (r = –0.7). Degranulation of JG cells also occurred in rats made hypertensive by application of a "figure-of-eight" ligature to one kidney and removal of the other one, except when the interference in blood supply was so severe that scarring resulted. In these damaged areas, granules persisted or increased in number even though they were decreased in adjacent relatively normal areas. Occlusion of one ureter in rats produced severe hydronephrosis in the homolateral kidney and an elevation in blood pressure. Juxtaglomerular cell granules persisted in the hydronephrotic kidney but were decreased in the contralateral one. This finding confirmed the results of the above experiments. Unilateral nephrectomy in comparable rats had no effect on the degree of granulation of JG cells in the remaining kidney or on the level of blood pressure under the conditions of these experiments. The possibility that degranulation of JG cells in the contralateral kidney in the rats described above was due to compensatory hypertrophy was thereby excluded. An elevation in blood pressure was therefore implicated as an important factor in causing degranulation of juxtaglomerular cells.
Intestinal Electrolyte Transport and Diarrheal Disease
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Michael Field, Mrinalini C. Rao, Eugene B. Chang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

(Second of Two Parts)The Pathophysiology of Diarrheal DiseasesInfectious DiarrheasEnteric organisms cause diarrhea in several ways. Some are noninvasive but secrete toxins that interact with intestinal epithelial cells to stimulate fluid secretion (e.g., cholera). Others invade and destroy intestinal epithelial cells, thereby altering fluid transport. Selective destruction of small-intestinal villus cells by enteric viruses, for example, leaves the crypt portion of the epithelium unimpaired, so that its secretory activity is unopposed by the absorptive activity of villus cells.79 Some enteric organisms are both enteroinvasive and toxicogenic (shigella,80 for example). Others penetrate the epithelium, largely bypassing the enterocytes, and . . .
Stem Cells: Surface Bound Amine Functional Group Density Influences Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2013)
Authors: Frances Harding, Renee Goreham, Robert Short, Krasimir Vasilev, Nicolas H. Voelcker
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The back cover image shows an octadiene–allylamine plasma polymer gradient surface with colonies of embryonic stem cells attached, as described by Nicolas H. Voelcker and co-workers on page 585. Stem cell colonies spread out on regions of the surface with higher amine group density, differentiating into more mature cell types. In contrast, smaller rounded colonies, consisting of proliferating stem cells, form high methyl group density areas.
Abstract P4-09-05: Preventive efficacy of the Chinese nutritional herb epimedium grandiflorum in a preclinical cell culture model for luminal A molecular subtype of breast cancer
Authors: NT Telang, G Li, M Katdare, DW Sepkovic, LH Bradlow, GYC Wong, N Telang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The Luminal A molecular sub-type of clinical breast cancer expresses estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), but lacks the expression of HER-2 oncogene. This cancer sub-type responds to endocrine therapy involving the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators or inhibitors of estrogen biosynthesis. Conventional therapeutic options are frequently associated with acquired tumor resistance and systemic toxicity, and therefore, emphasize a need for identification of promising new non-toxic agents for secondary prevention. Nutritional substances that do not incur long-term toxicity represent ideal candidates. Nutritional herbs have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a variety of health related issues, including prevention of breast cancer. Methods: The present study utilized the human mammary carcinoma derived ER+/PR+/HER-2- MCF-7 cells as a model for the Luminal A breast cancer to examine the preventive efficacy of non-fractionated aqueous extract from Epimedium grandiflorum (EG), a popular Chinese nutritional herb. Anchorage dependent growth, cell cycle progression, cellular metabolism of 17b-estradiol (E2), and anchorage independent colony formation represented the quantitative end point biomarkers for preventive efficacy. Results: Maintenance of MCF-7 cells in a chemically defined serum depleted culture medium (serum 0.7%, E2&amp;lt;1 nM) retained their cellular growth promoting response to the physiologically relevant concentration range of 1 nM to 20 nM E2, exhibiting a 10.3% to a 91.9% increase in the viable cell number, respectively. A 7 day treatment of MCF-7 cells with EG resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of E2 promoted growth (EG IC50: 0.49%). At its maximum cytostatic concentration, EG inhibited cell cycle progression via G1 arrest, resulting in a 1.6 fold increase in the G1:S+G2/M ratio, and modulated the cellular metabolism of E2 in favor of formation of anti-proliferative metabolites 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) and estriol (E3), exhibiting a 5.1 and a 7.6 fold increase, respectively. In addition, EG produced a favorable 3.9 fold increase in the 2-OHE1: 16α-OHE1 ratio, an endocrine biomarker of breast cancer risk. A 21 day treatment of MCF-7 cells with EG produced a dose dependent inhibition in anchorage independent growth (EG IC50: 0.49%; IC90: 1.03%). Conclusions: These data demonstrate the growth inhibitory effects of EG and identify clinically relevant mechanistic leads for its preventive efficacy. The present approach promises to facilitate identification of new efficacious herbs for the secondary prevention of the Luminal A subtype of clinical breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-09-05.
ERCP in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: creation of an antegrade gastrogastric conduit using a fully covered metal esophageal stent
Authors: W. Shear, M. Gaidhane, M. Kahaleh
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass remains very challenging. Placement of a large biliary stent is typically not feasible using single-balloon enteroscopy. We describe the use of a fully covered, metal esophageal stent to access the excluded stomach and perform ERCP.
A dynamic population model of disease progression in COPD
Authors: M. Hoogendoorn, M. P. M. H. Rutten-van Mölken, R. T. Hoogenveen, M. L. L. van Genugten, A. S. Buist, E. F. M. Wouters, T. L. Feenstra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

To contribute to evidence-based policy making, a dynamic Dutch population model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression was developed. The model projects incidence, prevalence, mortality, progression and costs of diagnosed COPD by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-severity stage for 2000–2025, taking into account population dynamics and changes in smoking prevalence over time. It was estimated that of all diagnosed COPD patients in 2000, 27% had mild, 55% moderate, 15% severe and 3% very severe COPD. The severity distribution of COPD incidence was computed to be 40% mild, 55% moderate, 4% severe and 0.1% very severe COPD. Disease progression was modelled as decline in forced expiratory voume in one second (FEV 1 ) % predicted depending on sex, age, smoking and FEV 1 % pred. The relative mortality risk of a 10-unit decrease in FEV 1 % pred was estimated at 1.2. Projections of current practice were compared with projections assuming that each year 25% of all COPD patients receive either minimal smoking cessation counselling or intensive counselling plus bupropion. In the projections of current practice, prevalence rates between 2000–2025 changed from 5.1 to 11 per 1,000 inhabitants for mild, 11 to 14 per 1,000 for moderate, 3.0 to 3.9 per 1,000 for severe and from 0.5 to 1.3 per 1,000 for very severe COPD. Costs per inhabitant increased from \#8364;1.40 to 3.10 for mild, \#8364;6.50 to 9.00 for moderate, \#8364;6.20 to 8.50 for severe and from \#8364;3.40 to 9.40 for very severe COPD (price level 2000). Both smoking cessation scenarios were cost-effective with minimal counselling generating net savings. In conclusion, the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression model is a useful instrument to give detailed information about the future burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to assess the long-term impact of interventions on this burden.
Is It Time for Over-the-Counter Defibrillators?
Authors: Mickey S. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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