tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Boston medical students 1827
Authors: J. H. Baron
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In 1827... students were again permitted to prescribe but were requested to call upon the apothecaries once in each week that they might become acquainted with the price of medicines.

Greenleaf RW. An historical report of the Boston dispensary for one hundred and one years, 1796-1897. Brookline: CAW Spencer, 1896:19
Structural and functional changes in acute liver injury.
Authors: E A Smuckler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Carbon tetrachloride produces liver cell injury in a variety of animal species. The first structurally recognizable changes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum, with alteration in ribosome-membrane interactions. Later there is an increase in intracellular fat, and the formation of tangled nets of the ergastoplasm. At no time are there changes in mitochondria or single membrane limited bodies in cells with intact plasmalemma, although a relative increase in cell sap may appear. In dead cells (those with plasmalemma discontinuties) crystalline deposits of calcium phosphatase may be noted. Functional changes are related to the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. An early decrease in protein synthesis takes place; an accumulation of neutral lipid is related to this change. Later alterations in the ergastoplasmic functions (e.g., mixed function oxidation) occurs. Carbon tetrachloride is not the active agent; rather, a product of its metabolism, probably the CC1, free radical, is. The mechanisms of injury include macromolecular adduction and peroxide propagation. A third possibility includes a cascade effect with the production of secondary and tertiary products, also toxic in nature, with the ability to produce more widespread damage to intracellular structures.
Producing a regional guide to house jobs
Authors: A. G Smith, C. Cummings
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The idea of drawing up a guide to house jobs developed from discussions at the west Yorkshire junior doctors' executive meetings towards the end of 1992. Both juniors and BMA staff shared increasing concern about the quality of junior doctor jobs in the region, both in terms of lack of provision of teaching and training, as well as poor accommodation and canteen facilities. The New Deal was still new and its targets for hours presented a considerable problem. In units where the hours targets were being met, it was also becoming increasingly apparent that intensity of work would be the next problem, as the numbers of junior doctors on call at any one time reduced in order to meet the hours targets. It was agreed that we would take a survey of junior doctors in the region to identify both areas of concern and of good practice, with a view to disseminating what we learned and, hopefully, bringing about change for the better.

It was agreed, that whilst it would be impracticable, due to weight of numbers, to survey all junior doctors, it would be possible to undertake the exercise in respect of house jobs only. Because of this, and the fact that house officers are the newest and most vulnerable group of junior doctors, it was agreed that we would target them, with a view to publishing the information we collected in the form of a guide to the house jobs in the region.

The BMA office obtains details of doctors in post from most units on a regular basis and therefore identification was not a problem. We have to rely on distribution of the surveys through the hospital mailing systems, but, again, this has caused no difficulties. The survey involves contacting approximately 220 doctors twice each year.

To …
Does HIV-infection influence the response of chronic hepatitis C to interferon treatment? A French multicenter prospective study
Authors: Xavier Causse, Jean-Louis Payen, Jacques Izopet, Gérard Babany, Marie-France Saint-Marc Girardin, F Bailly, C Housset, A Tran, A Pariente, JP Lagasse, H Desmorat, L Bettan, F Bloch, P Couzigou, P Chossegros, Puig P Laurent, Y Bacq, C Douvin, JJ Raabe, C Van Lemmens, JP Zarski, P Bernard, W Rozenbaum, D Trois Vallets, D Fischer, P Sogni, E Boucher, N Boyer, JM Lang, O Danne, JC Barbare, G Force, JC Schmit, B Mesnard, A Gauthier, JD Poveda, C Sayada, R Olivares, F Montestruc
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with cutaneous infarction and deep venous thrombosis
Authors: S. Narayan, F. Ezughah, G.R. Standen, J. Pawade, C.T.C. Kennedy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary We report a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) presenting with cutaneous infarction and subsequent extensive deep vein thrombosis. The eosinophilia improved dramatically with systemic corticosteroid therapy. A variety of skin disorders have been associated with HES, although there are no previous reports of HES associated with cutaneous infarction. HES is a rare disorder characterized by a sustained overproduction of eosinophils and multisystem disease. The aetiology of the eosinophilia remains uncertain but clonal populations of abnormal T-cells producing interleukin 5 may be implicated.
Case Reports in the Medical Literature
Authors: Donald E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

"Dear Doctor: Your case report is well written and interesting; it illustrates the many facets of an important entity. We do<i>not</i>find it acceptable for publication." Blasphemy! The single-case method is a venerable teaching technique, which closely approximates real medical practice. Why, then, do many prospective authors receive some version of the above letter? The difficulty may be a misunderstanding of criteria for acceptability of such papers.The Journalvery strongly endorses the concept of publishing case reports. In fact, five of 51 recently collected<i>Landmark Articles in Medicine</i><sup>1</sup>deal with single cases. Greenwalt,<sup>2</sup>commenting on one of those landmark cases, has said that "carefully documented study of an unusual patient represents an experiment of nature that may be the opportunity to explain a long-recorded but unexplained clinical mystery." In this issue ofThe Journalappear a CASE REPORT and accompanying editorial<sup>3,4</sup>that serve to clarify
Retrospective study of carmustine or lomustine with bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma patients who have failed prior bevacizumab
Authors: R. Rahman, K. Hempfling, A. D. Norden, D. A. Reardon, L. Nayak, M. L. Rinne, R. Beroukhim, L. Doherty, S. Ruland, A. Rai, J. Rifenburg, D. LaFrankie, B. M. Alexander, R. Y. Huang, P. Y. Wen, E. Q. Lee
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Currently, there are no known effective treatments for recurrent glioblastoma once patients have progressed on a bevacizumab-containing regimen. We examined the efficacy of adding nitrosoureas to bevacizumab in patients who progressed while on an initial bevacizumab-containing regimen. In this retrospective study, we identified adult patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) who were treated with lomustine or carmustine in combination with bevacizumab as a second or third regimen after failing an alternative initial bevacizumab-containing regimen. Response rate (RR), 6-month progression free survival (PFS6), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed for each treatment. Forty-two patients were identified (28 males) with a median age of 49 years (range, 24–78 y). Of 42 patients, 28 received lomustine (n = 22) or carmustine (n = 6) with bevacizumab as their second bevacizumab-containing regimen, and 14 received lomustine (n = 11) or carmustine (n = 3) as their third bevacizumab-containing regimen. While the median PFS for the initial bevacizumab-containing regimen was 16.3 weeks, the median PFS for the nitrosourea-containing bevacizumab regimen was 6.3 weeks. Patients had an RR of 44% and a PFS6 rate of 26% during the initial bevacizumab regimen and an RR of 0% and a PFS6 rate of 3% during the nitrosourea-containing bevacizumab regimen. There was increased grade 3–4 toxicity (45% vs 19%, P = .010) during the nitrosourea-containing bevacizumab regimen relative to the initial bevacizumab regimen. Median overall survival was 18.7 weeks from initiation of the nitrosourea-containing bevacizumab regimen. The addition of lomustine or carmustine to bevacizumab after a patient has already progressed on a bevacizumab-containing regimen does not appear to provide benefit for most patients and is associated with additional toxicity with the doses used in this cohort.
Genetics and Medicine in the United States, 1800-1922
Authors: Earl F. Nation
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Recent revolutionary discoveries in the field of medical genetics, such as the gene for certain breast and ovarian cancers, command the attention of practicing physicians, even though practitioners have not always been willing to be distracted from their day-to-day care of patients by the importance of genetic or hereditary influences. Any physician with an interest in genetics and a historical bent will want Dr Rushton's book,<i>Genetics and Medicine in the United States, 1800-1922</i>. It is the first to tell the full story of how genetics as related to medicine got where it is today. Thirty-four pages of references are evidence of the massive amount of literature covered. The book focuses on medical genetics in a historical context. It fulfills the author's expressed hope that it will act as a useful index to the literature on heredity and disease for the period covered. The book begins with "The Early Years,
Activation of protein kinase C? couples cell volume to membrane Cl? permeability in HTC hepatoma and Mz-ChA-1 cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Richard M. Roman, Kurt O. Bodily, Yu Wang, John R. Raymond, J. Gregory Fitz
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Physiological increases in liver cell volume lead to an adaptive response that includes opening of membrane Cl- channels, which is critical for volume recovery. The purpose of these studies was to assess the potential role for protein kinase C (PKC) as a signal involved in cell volume homeostasis. Studies were performed in HTC rat hepatoma and Mz-ChA-1 human cholangiocarcinoma cells, which were used as model hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, respectively. In each cell type, cell volume increases were followed by: 1) translocation of PKC from cytosolic to particulate (membrane) fractions; 2) a 10- to 40-fold increase in whole-cell membrane Cl- current density; and 3) partial recovery of cell volume. In HTC cells, the volume-dependent Cl- current response (-46 +/- 5 pA/pF) was inhibited by down-regulation of PKC (100 nmol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 18 hours [PMA]; -1.97 +/- 1.5 pA/pF), chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ (2 mmol/L EGTA; -5.3 +/- 4.0 pA/pF), depletion of cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (3 U/mL apyrase; -12.58 +/- 1. 45 pA/pF), and by the putative PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine (25 micromol/L; -7 +/- 3 pA/pF). In addition, PKC inhibition by chelerythrine and calphostin C (500 nmol/L) prevented cell volume recovery from swelling. Similar results were obtained in Mz-ChA-1 biliary cells. These findings indicate that swelling-induced activation of PKC represents an important signal coupling cell volume to membrane Cl- permeability in both hepatic and biliary cell models.
An Investigation of the Hospital Charges Related to the Treatment of Endophthalmitis in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study
Authors: Stephen R. Wisniewski, Mark E. Hammer, W. Sanderson Grizzard, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Donald Everett, Kirk H. Packo, David L. Yarian, Bernard H. Doft
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)
Universal assay of vitellogenin as a biomarker for environmental estrogens.
Authors: S A Heppell, N D Denslow, L C Folmar, C V Sullivan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Vitellogenin (VTG), the serum phospholipoglycoprotein precursor to egg yolk, is potentially an ideal biomarker for environmental estrogens. This study was undertaken to develop antibodies against conserved regions on the VTG molecule that could form the basis for establishing bioassays to detect estrogen exposure in any oviparous vertebrate. We developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated against purified rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) VTG and selected for the property of specifically recognizing VTG purified from two phylogenetically distant vertebrates, trout and striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting indicated that these mAbs specifically recognize purified VTG and VTG or other estrogen-inducible proteins in plasma or serum from representative species of four vertebrate classes (fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds). All of the mAbs generated were IgM class. A polyclonal antiserum was raised against a synthetic consensus peptide representing the conserved N-terminal amino acid sequence of VTG. The results of Western blotting indicate that this antiserum specifically recognizes VTG in plasma or serum from teleost fish of diverse families. It was used to detect VTG in Western blots of serum from brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) with cancer (hepatocellular and cholangio-carcinoma) collected from a contaminated industrial site outside of their normal vitellogenic season. Our results indicate that it is feasible to generate antibodies capable of recognizing VTG without regard to species and that development of a universal VTG assay is an achievable goal.
Panniculitis in Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Harvey J. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently Winkelmann<sup>1</sup>reported three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had inflammatory nodules during the course of their disease. These nodules were clinically diagnosed as panniculitis. Histopathologic study confirmed this diagnosis. None of the three patients seemed to have a fulminating course. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> In 1965 we saw a 28-year-old woman who initially had an extensive eruption of tender nodules ranging in size from 6 to 10 cm on the extremities. The clinical impression of panniculitis was confirmed on histopathologic examination. Over the next ten weeks, while hospitalized, the patient developed epigastric discomfort, oliguria, azotemia, temperature of 104 F (40.0 C), and diffuse system complaints. She didn't respond to massive doses of corticosteroids and died. Complete blood counts were not remarkable but the patient did have one lupus erythematosus (LE) preparation that was considered positive. It is of interest that her sister has had
Induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes in studies of inherited arrhythmias
Authors: Silvia G. Priori, Carlo Napolitano, Elisa Di Pasquale, Gianluigi Condorelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The discovery of the genetic basis of inherited arrhythmias has paved the way for an improved understanding of arrhythmogenesis in a wide spectrum of life-threatening conditions. In vitro expression of mutations and transgenic animal models have been instrumental in enhancing this understanding, but the applicability of results to the human heart remains unknown. The ability to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs) into cardiomyocytes enables the potential to generate patient-specific myocytes, which could be used to recapitulate the features of inherited arrhythmias in the context of the patient's genetic background. Few studies have been reported on iPS-derived myocytes obtained from patients with heritable arrhythmias, but they have demonstrated the applicability of this innovative approach to the study of inherited arrhythmias. Here we review the results achieved by iPS investigations in arrhythmogenic syndromes and discuss the existing challenges to be addressed before the use of iPS-derived myocytes can become a part of personalized management of inherited arrhythmias.
Efficacy and one year follow up of argon plasma coagulation therapy for ablation of Barrett's oesophagus: factors determining persistence and recurrence of Barrett's epithelium
Authors: K K Basu
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Introduction:</b> Barrett's epithelium (BE) has malignant potential. Neither acid suppression nor antireflux surgery produce consistent or complete regression of the metaplastic epithelium. Endoscopic thermoablation with argon plasma coagulation (APC) offers a different approach but factors influencing its outcome have not been systematically examined. <b>Aim:</b> To assess the efficacy of APC and factors influencing initial and one year outcome. <b>Methods:</b> Fifty patients, mean age 61.4 years, mean BE length 5.9 cm (range 3–19), underwent APC therapy at four weekly intervals while receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. BE margins were marked by India ink tattooing and extent was documented by grid drawings, photography, and 2 cm interval quadrantic jumbo biopsies. Twenty four hour ambulatory oesophageal pH studies were done while on PPIs before and after APC therapy, and Bilitec bilirubin monitoring after APC completion. <b>Results:</b> A total of 68% of patients achieved &gt;90% BE ablation after a median of four APC sessions. Persistent BE (&gt;10% original BE area) was associated with longer initial BE length despite more APC sessions. Persistent acid and bile reflux on PPIs, although commoner in this group, were not significantly different from those successfully ablated. Fifteen of 34 patients (44%) with successful macroscopic clearance had buried glands, present in 8.3% of a total of 338 biopsies. At the one year follow up, only 32% of those with initial successful ablation showed no recurrence. BE recurred or increased in most with mean segment length increases of 1.1 cm and 1.6 cm, respectively, in patients with previous full ablation and those with persistent BE. The presence of buried glands did not predict BE recurrence. Patients who reduced their PPI dose had significantly greater BE recurrence. <b>Conclusions:</b> APC is most effective for shorter segment BE ablation but "buried" glands do occur. Recurrence of BE is common at one year, especially in those with initial persistent and/or long segment BE and those who reduce their PPI dose.
Abstract 2778: Development of non-covalent reversible proteasome inhibitors
Authors: Aslamuzzaman Kazi, Sevil Ozcan, Harshani Lawrence, Said M. Sebti
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Numerous cell cycle, apoptosis and angiogenesis-regulatory proteins undergo ubiquitin proteasome-dependent proteolysis. A proteasome inhibitor Velcade was approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. However, Velcade is a covalent and slowly reversible inhibitor and is associated with undesired side effects. Non-covalent inhibitors with potentially less toxicity are desirable. In this abstract we report on a family of non-covalent inhibitors that resulted from our HTS screen of a 50,000 compound library against the chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity of purified 20S proteasome. Our initial hit PI-1833 (IC50 value = 0.5 uM) was used as a starting point for structure activity relationship studies that led to highly potent (IC50 value = 20 nM) and cell permeable derivatives. In addition to inhibiting CT-L in human breast cancer cells, these derivatives also induced the accumulation of two proteasome target proteins Bax and p27KIP, indicating their ability to inhibit proteasome activity in intact cells. Furthermore, these proteasome inhibitors also induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell growth. Further mechanistic studies as well as in vivo anti-tumor efficacy studies are ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2778. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2778
Intramural Citations: Which NIH Institute Has More?
Authors: A. Jacobs-Perkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Intramural Citations: Which NIH Institute Has More? Get access Andree Jacobs-Perkins Andree Jacobs-Perkins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 9, 2 May 1990, Pages 740–741, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.9.740 Published: 02 May 1990
A Prospective Two-Year Study of Functional Restoration in Industrial Low Back Injury
Authors: Tom G. Mayer, Robert J. Gatchel, Holly Mayer, Nancy D. Kishino, Janice Keeley, Vert Mooney
Journal: JAMA (1987)

One hundred sixteen consecutive patients entered a functional restoration treatment program for chronic low back pain and were compared with 72 patients not treated. A two-year follow-up survey reached more than 85% of both groups; its findings were compared with earlier results of a five-month and one-year follow-up. Analysis demonstrated that 87% of the treatment group was actively working after two years, as compared with only 41% of the nontreatment comparison group. Moreover, about twice as many of the comparison group patients had additional spine surgery relative to the treatment group. The comparison group continued with an approximately five times higher rate of patient visits to health professionals in the second year as the treatment group. Also, treatment group reinjury rates were no higher than those expected in the general population, while nontreatment subjects had a higher incidence of reinjury. Finally, a small treatment "dropout" group did poorest of all, with results in almost all areas even worse than those of the comparison group patients.
IMPACT OF DEDICATED CARDIOLOGY CLINIC ON MORTALITY REDUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE: RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE COHORT OF 575 PATIENTS
Authors: Juliana Gazallo, Waqas Aftab, Padmini Varadarajan, Ali Motabar, Ramdas Pai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
<i>TRAF1</i>/<i>C5</i>polymorphism is not associated with pemphigus
Authors: K. Mejri, H. Mbarek, M. Kallel-Sellami, E. Petit-Teixeira, Y. Zerzeri, O. Abida, M. Zitouni, M. Ben Ayed, M. Mokni, B. Fezza, H. Turki, F. Tron, D. Gilbert, H. Masmoudi, B. Prum, F. Cornelis, S. Makni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)
Phosphorylation of RalB Is Important for Bladder Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Hong Wang, Charles Owens, Nidhi Chandra, Mark R. Conaway, David L. Brautigan, Dan Theodorescu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

RalA and RalB are monomeric G proteins that are 83% identical in amino acid sequence but have paralogue-specific effects on cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Using in vitro kinase assays and phosphosite-specific antibodies, here we show phosphorylation of RalB by protein kinase C (PKC) and RalA by protein kinase A. We used mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis to identify S198 as the primary PKC phosphorylation site in RalB. Phorbol ester [phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)] treatment of human bladder carcinoma cells induced S198 phosphorylation of stably expressed FLAG-RalB as well as endogenous RalB. PMA treatment caused RalB translocation from the plasma membrane to perinuclear regions in a S198 phosphorylation-dependent manner. Using RNA interference depletion of RalB followed by rescue with wild-type RalB or RalB(S198A) as well as overexpression of wild-type RalB or RalB(S198A) with and without PMA stimulation, we show that phosphorylation of RalB at S198 is necessary for actin cytoskeletal organization, anchorage-independent growth, cell migration, and experimental lung metastasis of T24 or UMUC3 human bladder cancer cells. In addition, UMUC3 cells transfected with a constitutively active RalB(G23V) exhibited enhanced subcutaneous tumor growth, whereas those transfected with phospho-deficient RalB(G23V-S198A) were indistinguishable from control cells. Our data show that RalA and RalB are phosphorylated by different kinases, and RalB phosphorylation is necessary for in vitro cellular functions and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis.