tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FIBROUS PAEULP OF THE NOSE*
Authors: T. SAY LAN, R. MARKS, E. WILSON JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

SUMMARY.— A study has been made of 34 cases of fibrous papule of the nose presenting at St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin in the past decade, Histological sections from biopsies of these lesions were examined and compared with lesions of juvenile melanoma and naevus cell naevus arising on the face. In 2 patients fibrous papules were investigated by enzyme histochemical methods. Fibrous papules were usually single small nodules on the nose, often simulating angiomata, moles or pyogenic granulomata. The sexes were equally affected and most of the patients were in the third to the fifth decades. Although these lesions were not distinctive clinically, histologically they presented a characteristic appearance, which included a distinctive fibro‐vascular component composed of broad bands of connective tissue orientated at right angles to the surface and interspersed with multinucleate cells and undoubted naevus cells, and an increased number of epidermal clear cells.
Celecoxib Toxicity Is Cell Cycle Phase Specific
Authors: Jonathan M. Bock, Sarita G. Menon, Lori L. Sinclair, Nichole S. Bedford, Prabhat C. Goswami, Frederick E. Domann, Douglas K. Trask
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Celecoxib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human tumors, but the molecular mechanisms for these processes are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the ability of celecoxib to induce toxicity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and explored the relationships between celecoxib-induced cell cycle inhibition and toxicity in HNSCC. Celecoxib inhibited the proliferation of UM-SCC-1 and UM-SCC-17B cells both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Celecoxib induced p21waf1/cip1 at the transcriptional level independent of wild-type p53 function, leading to decreased expression of cyclin D1 and hypophosphorylation of Rb, with subsequent marked downstream decreases in nuclear E2F-1 protein expression and E2F transactivating activity by luciferase reporter assay. Cell cycle phase–specific cytometric sorting showed that celecoxib induced clonogenic toxicity preferentially to cells within the S phase greater than G1 and G2 phases. Levels of p21waf1/cip1 and cyclin D1 protein were reduced in the S phase compared with the G1 and G2 phases, suggesting a possible protective role for p21waf1/cip1 expression in celecoxib toxicity. In conclusion, we show that celecoxib has marked antiproliferative activity against head and neck cancer cells through transcriptional induction of p21waf1/cip1 and G1 phase accumulation leading to S phase–specific clonogenic toxicity. We additionally show that a profound inhibition of nuclear E2F function provides a possible mechanism for this S phase–specific toxicity. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3801–8]
P112 Fluticasone propionate/formoterol fumarate combination therapy reduces the risk of exacerbations compared with its individual components in patients with asthma
Authors: S. Dissanayake, J. Sastre, A. Papi, K. Kaiser, B. Grothe, M. Lomax, T. McIver
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Asthma remains uncontrolled in many patients, as indicated by exacerbations, deteriorating symptoms and impaired quality of life. A new option has been developed for the maintenance treatment of asthma, combining the inhaled corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (FLUT) with the long-acting ß<sub>2</sub>-agonist formoterol fumarate (FORM) in a single aerosol inhaler (FLUT/FORM; <b><i>flutiform</i></b><sup>®</sup>). A pooled analysis of data from up to five randomised, double-blind, parallel-group phase 3 studies assessed the effects of FLUT/FORM on asthma exacerbations. <h3>Methods</h3> Adults and adolescents with mild, moderate or severe asthma were randomised to FLUT/FORM (100/10, 250/10 or 500/20 μg twice daily), the equivalent nominal dose of FLUT monotherapy (100, 250 or 500 μg twice daily; five studies) or FORM monotherapy (10 μg twice daily; three studies) for 8 or 12 weeks. The endpoints assessed were time to first exacerbation and proportion of patients experiencing an exacerbation. Exacerbations were defined as peak expiratory flow rate &gt;30% below baseline, awakening at night due to asthma, use of rescue medication 3–4 times per day (each on =2 consecutive days; mild-to-moderate exacerbation), need for additional therapy, or emergency visit or hospitalisation due to asthma (severe exacerbation). <h3>Results</h3> Time to first exacerbation (any severity) was significantly longer with FLUT/FORM (n=641) than with FLUT (n=643; p=0.01). Similarly, time to first exacerbation was significantly longer with FLUT/FORM (n=341) than FORM (n=345; p&lt;0.001). Overall, the proportion of patients with any exacerbation was significantly lower with FLUT/FORM (18.2%) than with FORM (31.3%; p&lt;0.001). Fewer patients experienced severe exacerbations with FLUT/FORM than FORM alone (FLUT/FORM 2.4%; FORM 9.6%; p&lt;0.001). Similarly, fewer patients experienced any exacerbation with FLUT/FORM (26.8%) than with FLUT (32.8%; p=0.02) and fewer patients experienced severe exacerbations with FLUT/FORM than FLUT alone (FLUT/FORM 1.9%; FLUT 2.8%; p=0.36). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Fluticasone/formoterol significantly reduces the risk of asthma exacerbations compared with its individual components. Combination therapy with fluticasone and formoterol in a single aerosol inhaler may help to improve asthma control and reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations that can impair patients9 quality of life.
Chlamydial Infections and the Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Willard Cates, Jr
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Objectives To analyse trends in rates of 
genital chlamydial infection and ectopic pregnancy between 1985 
and 1995 in a county in Sweden.Setting Uppsala county where screening for chlamydial infection,
treatment, and contact tracing has been widespread and where ectopic
pregnancies are recorded.Methods Rates of chlamydial infections and ectopic pregnancy
between 1985 and 1995 were calculated for women aged 20-39 years.
Poisson and linear regression were used to examine the association
between the risk of ectopic pregnancy and the current rates of
chlamydial infection and rates of chlamydial infection from up to 5
years earlier.Main Outcome Measures Rates of chlamydial infection per 100
examinations, rates of ectopic pregnancy per 1000 pregnancies, rate
ratios and 95% confidence intervals for an increase in chlamydial
infections of 5 new cases per 100 examinations.Results 103,870 cervical samples from women aged 15-39
years were analysed; 5648 (5.4%) were positive for chlamydia.
51,630 pregnancies were analysed; 930 (1.8%) were ectopic. Both
rates declined over time. For women aged 20-24 years there was a strong
correlation between the rate of ectopic pregnancy and the rate of
chlamydial infection in the same year (r=0.93,
P<0.001); among older women correlations were stronger with rates of
chlamydial infection occurring 1 or 2 years earlier. In Poisson
regression ectopic pregnancy was most strongly associated with the
current rate of chlamydial infection among women aged 20-24 (rate ratio
1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.44 to 2.38), with the rate of
infection 1 year earlier among 25-29 year olds (rate ratio 1.72, 1.33
to 2.22) and 30-34 year olds (rate ratio 2.27, 1.53 to 3.37); and with
the rate 2 years earlier among 35 to 39 year olds (rate ratio 2.58,
1.45 to 4.60).Conclusions Declining rates of genital chlamydial infections have
probably led to a fall in the rate of ectopic pregnancies. The timing
of the decline in the rate of ectopic pregnancies varies with age.
Among young women falling rates of chlamydial infection have been
accompanied by an immediate reduction in the rate of ectopic pregnancy.
New Viral Exanthems
Authors: A. Martin Lerner, Jerome O. Klein, James D. Cherry, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

MANY common viral diseases have long been recognized by the specific nature of their accompanying rashes. The eruptions of herpes simplex, smallpox and cowpox were readily recognized by their distinctive characteristics, and vaccination against smallpox was practiced successfully long before the era of modern virology. Recent successes in the isolation and propagation of viruses from varicella and herpes zoster,1 measles2 and rubella3 , 4 also have not been of much help in the clinical diagnosis and management of these infections although they have definitely increased the prospects for their prevention.Other illnesses associated with exanthems that are poorly characterized have been noted . . .
Amphiregulin Promotes Resistance to Gefitinib in NonSmall Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating Ku70 Acetylation
Authors: Benoît Busser, Lucie Sancey, Véronique Josserand, Carole Niang, Saadi Khochbin, Marie C Favrot, Jean-Luc Coll, Amandine Hurbin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Multiple molecular resistance mechanisms reduce the efficiency of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We previously demonstrated that amphiregulin (Areg) inhibits gefitinib-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells by inactivating the proapoptotic protein BAX. In this part of the investigation, we studied the molecular mechanisms leading to BAX inactivation. We show that Areg prevents gefitinib-mediated acetylation of Ku70. This augments the BAX-Ku70 interaction and therefore prevents BAX-mediated apoptosis. Accordingly, Areg or Ku70 knock down restore BAX activation and apoptosis in gefitinib-treated H358 cells in vitro. In addition, overexpression of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) CREB-binding protein (CBP) or treatments with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sensitize H358 cells to gefitinib. Moreover, a treatment with vorinostat, a HDAC inhibitor strongly sensitized tumors to gefitinib in vivo. These findings suggest new prospects in combining both HDAC and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC. Multiple molecular resistance mechanisms reduce the efficiency of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We previously demonstrated that amphiregulin (Areg) inhibits gefitinib-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells by inactivating the proapoptotic protein BAX. In this part of the investigation, we studied the molecular mechanisms leading to BAX inactivation. We show that Areg prevents gefitinib-mediated acetylation of Ku70. This augments the BAX-Ku70 interaction and therefore prevents BAX-mediated apoptosis. Accordingly, Areg or Ku70 knock down restore BAX activation and apoptosis in gefitinib-treated H358 cells in vitro. In addition, overexpression of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) CREB-binding protein (CBP) or treatments with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sensitize H358 cells to gefitinib. Moreover, a treatment with vorinostat, a HDAC inhibitor strongly sensitized tumors to gefitinib in vivo. These findings suggest new prospects in combining both HDAC and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC.
Congenital Hypothyroidism Control Programs-Reply
Authors: Peter M. Layde
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Schenken that the total costs of screening programs are difficult to evaluate; therefore, we wish to clarify the methods we used in our economic analysis of congenital hypothyroidism control programs. We broke down the cost of screening into two main components: specimen collection and laboratory costs. Our estimate of the cost of specimen collection was based on a 1973 study of the phenylketonuria (PKU) screening program in Massachusetts,<sup>1</sup>as similar specimens are required for PKU and congenital hypothyroidism testing. Personnel time needed to obtain the blood and process laboratory forms was included, as well as the expense of mailing the specimen to the central state laboratory. Also considered were the costs of repeated specimen collection, including the physician's fee for a special office visit, for infants whose initial test result indicated that further evaluation was warranted. We increased the cost per specimen by 36%
ISOLATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE FOURTH COMPONENT OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT
Authors: H. J. Müller-Eberhard, C. E. Biro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Purification of the activity of the fourth component of human complement resulted in the isolation of a highly homogeneous serum protein. Since this protein has not been recorded previously it was called beta(1E)-globulin on the basis of its immunoelectrophoretic behavior. C'4 activity and beta(1E)-globulin were found to have highly similar, if not identical physicochemical characteristics. Moreover, beta(1E)-globulin was shown to exhibit the specific behavior of C'4 activity in that it is taken up only by cells which contain activated C'1. DFP-inactivated C'1 failed to catalyze uptake of the protein. Treatment with hydrazine which is known to destroy C'4 activity, led to changes in the physicochemical properties of beta(1E)-globulin and rendered the molecule incapable to combine with C'1-containing cells. The evidence indicates that beta(1E)-globulin represents the fourth component of human complement.
Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Colorectal Cancer: A Prognostic and Predictive Marker of Benefit From Adjuvant Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: David Edler, Bengt Glimelius, Marja Hallström, Anders Jakobsen, Patrick G. Johnston, Inger Magnusson, Peter Ragnhammar, Henric Blomgren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: We studied the prognostic value of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of TS expression as a predictor of chemotherapeutic benefit in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: TS expression was immunohistochemically assessed on tumor sections from 862 patients with CRC Dukes’ stages B and C enrolled onto randomized trials evaluating fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: TS expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free (P = .05) and overall survival (P = .05). In the subgroup treated with surgery alone, TS was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free (P &lt; .001) and overall survival (P = .001), whereas this was not the case in the subgroup of adjuvantly treated patients. Patients whose tumors expressed high TS levels had a tendency to improved outcome after adjuvant therapy (not significant). The group whose tumors expressed the highest TS grade, grade 3 (34% of the patients), had a significantly longer disease-free survival if they were treated with adjuvant therapy compared with surgery alone (multivariate analyses, P = .02), whereas patients whose tumors expressed low TS levels (28% of the patients) had an impaired outcome after adjuvant therapy (multivariate analyses: disease-free survival, P = .01; overall survival, P = .01). CONCLUSION: TS expression predicts for survival independent of Dukes’ stage in patients with CRC treated with surgery alone. The study indicates that patients with high TS levels may benefit from adjuvant 5-FU–based chemotherapy. However, patients with low TS levels seem to have a worse outcome when treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
Biochemical indicators of vitamin A depletion in children with cholestasis
Authors: Olivier Amédée-Manesme, Harold C. Furr, Fernando Alvarez, Michelle Hadchouel, Daniel Alagille, James Allen Olson
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Biochemical indicators of vitamin A status were measured in 24 children (1 month to 6 years old) with severe cholestasis starting early in life and in 21 children (3 months to 13 years old) with liver disease but without cholestasis. Liver vitamin A concentrations, expressed as micrograms of retinol per gram of liver (mean +/- S.D.), were 6.3 +/- 7.1 (range: 0.14 to 28) and 143 +/- 108 (range: 18 to 424), respectively, in cholestatic and non-cholestatic children. In infants less than 6 months of age, liver vitamin A values less than 10 micrograms per gm were found in 14 of 17 cholestatic children but in none of 3 non-cholestatic subjects. Plasma vitamin A values, expressed as micrograms of retinol per deciliter (mean +/- S.D.), were 23 +/- 18 (range: 3 to 62) and 46 +/- 33 (range: 14 to 125), respectively, for the two groups. Plasma retinol values less than 10 micrograms per dl were always associated with liver concentrations less than 10 micrograms per gm. Plasma retinol-binding protein was only reduced to 71% of control values in cholestatic children. The fatty acid composition of liver retinyl esters was unaffected by any condition studied. Infants with chronic cholestasis are in a precarious nutritional status very early in life relative to liver reserves of vitamin A. Plasma vitamin A values, unless less than 10 micrograms retinol per dl, are poor indicators of inadequate vitamin A status.
The Insanity Defense in the Falkland Islands: A Test of Diminished Responsibility
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE surrender of the Argentine troops in Port Stanley brought the return of British rule and British law to the Falkland Islands. The message sent to the Prime Minister by the army commander, Major General Jeremy Moore, made this point: "The Falkland Islands are once more under the government desired by their inhabitants. God save the Queen."Little noticed in the midst of the war of the past few months was an important and historic murder case in Port Stanley. For the first time since 1905, an islander was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment for killing his . . .
AN OUTBREAK OF PSITTACOSIS IN PIGEONS, INVOLVING THE PRODUCTION OF INCLUSION BODIES, AND TRANSFER OF THE DISEASE TO MAN
Authors: Joseph E. Smadel, M. J. Wall, Alan Gregg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

An epizootic disease in pigeons associated with atypical pneumonia in two persons handling the birds has been studied. Most of the observations made during the work were consistent with the idea that we were dealing with an infection caused by a member of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group of viruses. The outbreak was peculiar, however, in that tissues of the diseased pigeons contained many intranuclear inclusions and that the viruses isolated from these birds produced both intranuclear inclusions and elementary bodies in the cytoplasm of cells of chorio-allantoic membranes of the developing egg. Whether the pigeons were simultaneously infected with two viruses or whether the virus of pigeon psittacosis can produce intranuclear inclusions under certain conditions remains to be determined.
Medical Schools Without Walls
Authors: David A. Loiterman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A fraction of American citizens who are denied acceptance to domestic medical schools complete all or part of their education abroad. The different modes of instruction these students experience are discussed, as well as possible factors that lead a student to use one mode above another. The role of self-instruction in medical education is examined. Additionally, preclinical subject matter taught in a domestic institution is compared quantitatively in 4,067 categories with a curriculum offered in a foreign institution, as well as with a self-designed curriculum. Based on test performance on part 1 of the National Board of Medical Examiner's examination, we conclude that self-instruction can be an effective method for learning the basic science aspects of a medical school curriculum. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1801-1803)
The Managerial Revolution
Authors: J. Mathers
Journal: BMJ (1971)

AIM--To study the effect of known interference in the measurement of urea and ammonium concentrations in samples of gastric juice. METHODS--The effect of pH and ammonium concentration on the o-pthalaldehyde method, the diacetylmonoxime method, a Berthelot linked method and an enzymatic urease method for the measurement of urea in gastric juice was therefore conducted. An enzymatic method of the measurement of ammonium in gastric juice was also assessed. RESULTS--The o-pthalaldehyde and the enzymatic urease methods were unaffected by a low gastric juice pH, ammonium concentrations of 10 mmol/l, and had interassay coefficients of variation of 3.9-5.6% and 2.8-10.6%, respectively, over a urea concentration of 2.5 mmol/l-20 mmol/l. The Berthelot linked method resulted in low gastric juice urea concentrations. The enzymatic method of ammonium measurement also proved suitable when the effect of low gastric juice pH was controlled. CONCLUSION--Interference by low pH did not explain the differences in reports of gastric juice urea or ammonium concentrations.
Connecting biological concepts and religious behavior
Authors: Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

This commentary proposes experiments to examine connections between the presence of out-group members, neurovisceral reactions, religiosity, and ethnocentrism, to clarify the meaning of the correlational findings presented in the target article. It also suggests different ways of describing religious socialization and of viewing assertions about religion and health or about the human ability to detect pathogens.
AUTO-INFECTION AS A FACTOR IN NERVOUS DISEASES.
Authors: FREDERIC S. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Clinical observers have described the characteristic phenomena of various neuroses; also of organic nerve lesions whose etiology can only be ascribed to auto-infection or intoxication resulting from non-elimination of the products of metabolism, or the absorption of ptomains arising from the action of the ever-present bacteria on the accumulations of retained excreta in the alimentary canal. Alienists have frequently called attention to the relation existing between a constipated or sluggish condition of the bowels and melancholia, dementia and depressed intellectual powers. It is the opinion of the writer, that the ptomains or toxins and toxalbumins arising from bad digestion and faulty elimination are greater factors in disease than has yet been stated by writers on this subject. For the purpose of bringing this subject before this society in such a manner as to elicit an intelligent discussion, let us first inquire into some of the physiologic acts of the digestive
Dysthymia: an Atypical Protracted Depression
Authors: Boris M. Segal
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1976)

The author reports on 86 cases of protracted disorders - without significant changed consciousness - which he named dysthymia. The clinical manifestations were characterized by peculiar emotional disorders, polymorphous autonomic and vascular shifts. These states occurred in the majority of cases after some somatic diseases in conjunction with other physical or psychological stresses in individuals with anxiety traits and 'neurocirculatory asthenia'. The first phase of the disease was accompanied by anxiety, restlessness, autonomic and vascular paroxysms, anorexia, insomnia and disturbances of other physiological functions. Subsequently dysphoric mood, somatic concerns, pseudoneurotic and neurotic syndromes appeared. The outcome of the disorders was either with slow practical recovery or with a relatively stable personality change in the form of weakened volition, a reduction of energy, and a narrowing of the 'zone of comfort' due to the impairment of homeostatic functions. Often hypochondriasis could develop on the background of such features. Dysthymia is viewed as a special entity which must not be included either in the group of neuroses or in the group of typical organic brain syndromes, or in the group of endogenous psychoses.
PET Atrophy Correction of Wholobrain Metabolic Rates in Aging and Dementia Using Volumetric Analysis of MR Images
Authors: N K Tanna, M I Kohn, D D Horwich, P R Jolles, R A Zimmerman, A Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Tanna, N. K.; Kohn, M. I.; Horwich, D. D.; Jolles, P. R.; Zimmerman, R. A.; Alavi, A. Author Information