tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
International European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines on severe asthma
Authors: Kian Fan Chung, Sally Wenzel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

From the authors: 

We thank J. Bousquet and colleagues for their concerns regarding exclusion of “untreated asthma” as a form of severe asthma, with respect to the recently published international European Respiratory Society (ERS)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines on severe asthma [1].

We do recognise this category of untreated asthma and agree that untreated asthma may result in serious exacerbations of disease and death, an issue that is not confined to developing countries alone. Indeed, everywhere in the world, untreated asthma can result from lack of access to medical care but can also result not only from nonadherence to therapy or of inadequately treated asthma. As emphasised in the ERS/ATS guideline definitions, these issues …
PHYSIOLOGIC OPTICS THE BASIS FOR TEACHING CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
Authors: WALTER B. LANCASTER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

There are two features of our present methods of teaching ophthalmology to which I invite your attention. The first is that while the most important part of our subject is physiologic optics, we have made no adequate provision for teaching it. I have said elsewhere that physiologic optics is the most important department of ophthalmology because it is, on the one hand, to this that most of our time is devoted in our daily office practice, and because it is the one distinguishing feature which characterizes ophthalmology and which we do not share with other sections as we share anatomy, general physiology, pathology, materia medica, etc. But this understates the case. The fact is that physiologic optics so permeates the whole fabric of ophthalmology that it is as impossible for one to master any chapter of the subject without a good understanding of physiologic optics, as to weave a yard
The Interpretation of "Spurious" Correlations in Coronary Flow Literature
Authors: J. C. SCOTT, T. A. BALOURDAS
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Coefficients of correlation between coronary sinus blood flow and several cardiac variables have been analyzed from data obtained by the nitrous oxide desaturation method in dogs. The r value for flow and left ventricular oxygen consumption is an example of the correlation of two variables having a common element. The high values reported in the literature for this relationship may also be obtained with numbers drawn at random. Accordingly such values should not be accepted as valid evidence of a functional relationship between coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption. A high positive correlation, between flow and heart rate in the normal dogs and a significant inverse correlation between flow and arteriovenous oxygen difference in the chronic sympathectomized dogs, was observed.
Open letter to Annette King, Minister of Health, New Zealand: Intensive medicines monitoring programme is not due to be stopped
Authors: Don Matheson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Competing interests: At the time of the study, AMB was chairman of the Committee on Safety of Medicines and now is chairman of the MHRA.MP is a member of the Committee on Safety of Medicines and of the subcommittee on pharmacovigilance.
Tolbutamide, Smoking, and Cardiac Arrhythmia
Authors: Phillip L. Poffenbarger
Journal: JAMA (1980)

RECENTLY reported analyses of the mortality data of the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) study 1 have prompted a reassessment of the role of oral hypoglycemic agents and other factors in ischemic heart disease in patients with diabetes. We describe a patient in whom the occurrence of premature ventricular contractions appeared to be associated with the combination of cigarette smoking and long-term treatment with tolbutamide.  Report of a Case  A 58-year-old woman was admitted to the Clinical Research Center as a volunteer subject in a continuing study of the pharmacogenetics of tolbutamide metabolism. 2,3 She gave a reliable medical history of mild glucose intolerance and hypertension since 1968 but volunteered no complaints referable to these problems. The glucose intolerance was established by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 1968, and repeated testing by her private physician in 1973 again showed blood glucose levels in the diabetic range. In addition,
Effect of Conjugated Estrogens on the Coagulation Mechanism
Authors: Joseph J. McGovern
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IT HAS BEEN reported that the intravenous injection of conjugated estrogens (Premarin) is useful in the control of surgical bleeding in man.<sup>1</sup>It has also been reported that in dogs<sup>2</sup>the intravenous injection of conjugated estrogens is followed within 2 hours by significant elevation of factor V (labile factor) and prothrombin. There are no published data on the effect of intravenously administered conjugated estrogens on the coagulation system in human beings, although some authors have suggested that there may be a beneficial effect.<sup>1, 3</sup>In the present report the effect of intravenously given conjugated estrogens on these and other factors in normal man is investigated. <h3>Methods</h3> Blood was obtained by venipuncture using the 2-syringe technique. Prothrombin times were determined by the Quick one-stage method.<sup>4</sup>The percentage activity was determined from a dilution curve of normal plasma using aluminum hydroxide-absorbed normal plasma as the diluent. Factor V
Biomedical research leaders: report on needs, opportunities, difficulties, education and training, and evaluation.
Authors: S H Wilson, S Merkle, D Brown, J Moskowitz, D Hurley, D Brown, B J Bailey, M McClain, M Misenhimer, J Buckalew, T Burks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The National Association of Physicians for the Environment (NAPE) has assumed a leadership role in protecting environmental health in recent years. The Committee of Biomedical Research Leaders was convened at the recent NAPE Leadership Conference: Biomedical Research and the Environment held on 1--2 November 1999, at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. This report summarizes the discussion of the committee and its recommendations. The charge to the committee was to raise and address issues that will promote and sustain environmental health, safety, and energy efficiency within the biomedical community. Leaders from every important research sector (industry laboratories, academic health centers and institutes, hospitals and care facilities, Federal laboratories, and community-based research facilities) were gathered in this committee to discuss issues relevant to promoting environmental health. The conference and this report focus on the themes of environmental stewardship, sustainable development and "best greening practices." Environmental stewardship, an emerging theme within and outside the biomedical community, symbolizes the effort to provide an integrated, synthesized, and concerted effort to protect the health of the environment in both the present and the future. The primary goal established by the committee is to promote environmentally responsible leadership in the biomedical research community. Key outcomes of the committee's discussion and deliberation were a) the need for a central organization to evaluate, promote, and oversee efforts in environmental stewardship; and b) immediate need to facilitate efficient information transfer relevant to protecting the global environment through a database/clearinghouse. Means to fulfill these needs are discussed in this report.
Oral Therapy for Acute Diarrhea
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Mary Ellen Avery, John D. Snyder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

IN an editorial in the Journal in 1982,1 Charles Carpenter wrote:We physicians all presumably accept the "primum non nocere" principle. On the basis of... studies... this principle would dictate that oral rehydration be accepted not only as an equal, but perhaps as the superior, means of treating acute diarrheal illnesses in the sophisticated and sanitized medical centers of the Western world as well as in rural Bangladesh.Despite such editorials based on the large volume of research data available and despite the endorsements of such organizations as the American Academy of Pediatrics, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the . . .
Immunohistochemical evaluation of the developing outflow tract in the rat: achieving aortic to mitral fibrous continuity
Authors: M. Jackson, M.G. Connell, A. Smith, R.H. Anderson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

To study the development of aortic to mitral fibrous continuity in the normal rat heart.The hearts and great vessels of normally developed rat embryos and fetuses aged between 13.25 and 19.75 days of gestation were studied in conjunction with those of newborns aged 2 and 7 days post-partum. Standard histological methods and monoclonal antibodies raised against alpha smooth muscle actin (clone 1A4) and ventricular beta myosin heavy chain were used to demonstrate the ventricular outlets, ventriculo-arterial junction, inner heart curve and aortic infundibulum from the early stages of aortopulmonary septation to attainment of their definitive morphology.The two antibodies demonstrated temporal specificity (actin specificity increased post-partum; myosin specificity maximal during fetal period) in the labelling of their intended structures which correlated with their known developmental profile. Full-thickness fibrous continuity between aortic and mitral valves was not complete until 1 week after birth. After ventricular septation was complete, and thereafter towards the end of fetal life and beyond, separation was maintained by a muscular structure histologically identical to the vestigial netro-aortic root branch of the conduction tissue, a structure known to be derived from the primitive ventricular myocardium within the environs of the inner heart curve.Ventricular septation (occurring relatively early) and the attainment of fibrous continuity (occurring relatively late in development) are two independent processes. Muscular tissue separating left-sided arterial and atrioventricular valves is not derived from the aortic infundibulum but from the inner heart curve. Persistence of this structure is a feature of normal rat heart development and needs to be recognised when working with rodent-based animal models of congenital heart disease aimed at studying the disruption of the development of the ventricular outflow tracts.
Aetiology of ulcerative colitis.
Authors: F T de Dombal, P R Burch, G Watkinson
Journal: Gut (1969)

Fluorinated 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)benzothiazoles possess potent antiproliferative activity against certain cancer cells, similar to the unfluorinated 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)benzothiazole (DF 203, NSC 674495). In “sensitive” cancer cells, DF 203 is metabolized by, can induce expression of, and binds covalently to CYP1A1. Metabolism appears to be essential for its antiproliferative activity through DNA adduct formation. However, a biphasic dose-response relationship compromises its straightforward development as a chemotherapeutic agent. We investigated whether fluorinated benzothiazoles inhibit cancer cell growth without the biphasic dose-response, and whether the fluorinated benzothiazoles are also metabolized into reactive species, with binding to macromolecules in sensitive cancer cells. One fluorinated benzothiazole, 2-(4-amino-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203, NSC 703786) did exhibit potent, antiproliferative activity without a biphasic dose-response. The fluorinated benzothiazoles were also metabolized only in cells, which subsequently showed evidence of cell death. We used microsomes from genetically engineered human B-lymphoblastoid cells expressing cytochromes P450 (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, or CYP1B1) to clarify the basis for fluorinated benzothiazole metabolism. 5F 203 induced CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression in sensitive breast and renal cancer cells, whereas 5F 203 induced CYP1A1 mRNA but not CYP1B1 mRNA expression in sensitive ovarian cancer cells. 5F 203 did not induce CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 mRNA expression in any “resistant” cancer cells. The fluorinated benzothiazoles induced CYP1A1 protein expression exclusively in sensitive cells. [<sup>14</sup>C]5F 203 bound substantially to subcellular fractions in sensitive cells but only minimally in resistant cells. These data are concordant with the antiproliferative activity of fluorinated benzothiazoles deriving from their ability to become metabolized and bind to macromolecules within sensitive cells.
Aortic valve replacement without myocardial revascularization in patients with combined aortic valvular and coronary artery disease.
Authors: R O Bonow, K M Kent, D R Rosing, L C Lipson, J S Borer, C L McIntosh, A G Morrow, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1981)

To test the hypothesis that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is not routinely required in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) who have coexistent coronary artery disease (CAD), we compared the results of operation in 55 consecutive symptomatic patients who had CAD and underwent AVR without CABG with results in another 142 patients without CAD who underwent AVR during the same period, and with published results from other centers in which CABG was used in patients with CAD who underwent AVR. Operative mortality was 4% in patients with CAD and 5% in patients without CAD. Late survival was not significantly different between the two groups when analyzed for the entire population (80% survival at 3 years in CAD patients, 82% for non-CAD patients), or for the subgroup of patients with aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation or aortic stenosis plus regurgitation. Eight patients with CAD (15%) developed recurrent angina after AVR (mean follow-up 43 months); only three patients (6%) required CABG because of medically refractory angina (12-43 months). Operative mortality, operative infarction (9%), recurrent angina and long-term survival in patients with CAD after AVR were similar to those at other centers after AVR plus CABG. These data suggest that preoperative detection of CAD does not necessitate CABG in all patients at the time of AVR.
Heterogeneity of allergic airway responses in sheep: differences in signal transduction?
Authors: T Ahmed, J D'Brot, W M Abraham, J Lucio, R Mendelssohn, M J Robinson, S Shakir, B Sanpedro
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

In preliminary studies we have observed that inhaled heparin blocks antigen-induced airway responses in sheep that develop only acute responses to inhaled antigen (acute responders), but not in sheep that develop both acute and later responses (dual responders). Because heparin is an antagonist of inositol triphosphate (IP3) (one of the pathways involved in stimulus-secretion-coupling in mast cells), the differential effect of inhaled heparin in acute responders and dual responders might indicate the involvement of different signaling pathways during IgE-mediated mast cell reactions. Therefore, in this study we compared the effects of heparin on antigen-induced bronchconstriction, allergic cutaneous reaction, and histamine release into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) in sheep that develop only acute responses or dual responses to inhaled Ascaris suum antigen. Specific lung resistance (SRL) was measured in 21 sheep (eight acute responders; 13 dual responders) before and after inhalation challenge with antigen, without and after pretreatment with inhaled heparin (1,000 units/kg). Histamine in BAL was measured by RIA before and after segmental antigen challenge, without and after pretreatment with inhaled heparin (eight acute responders; eight dual responders). In acute responders, mean +/- SE SRL increased by 197 +/- 21% with antigen; this was prevented by inhaled heparin (deltaSRL = 15 +/- 7%; p < 0.05). In dual responders, inhaled heparin had no effect on antigen-induced early (deltaSRL = 328 +/- 51% versus 305 +/- 76%) or late (deltaSRL = 201 +/- 33% versus 163 +/- 15%) responses. After segmental antigen challenge, BAL mean +/- SE histamine increased from 2.09 +/- 0.8 nM to 75.4 +/- 21.1 nM in acute responders and 1.58 +/- 0.7 nM to 66.8 +/- 27.3 nM in dual responders (p < 0.01). Inhaled heparin inhibited the increase in BAL histamine by 81% in acute responders (p < 0.05) and by only 19% in dual responders (p = NS). As was seen in the airways, heparin attenuated the allergic cutaneous reaction in acute responders by 46% (p < 0.05), but it was ineffective in dual responders. In contrast, H-7, a nonspecific protein kinase C inhibitor, attenuated the cutaneous reaction in dual responders by 28% (p < 0.05), but it was ineffective in acute responders. These data suggest that heterogeneity of allergic airway response is related to difference in mast cell signal transduction; IP3 is the predominant second messenger in acute responders, whereas non-IP3 pathways may be involved in dual responders.
Falciparum malaria parasites invade erythrocytes that lack glycophorin A and B (MkMk). Strain differences indicate receptor heterogeneity and two pathways for invasion.
Authors: T J Hadley, F W Klotz, G Pasvol, J D Haynes, M H McGinniss, Y Okubo, L H Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

To determine the ligands on erythrocytes for invasion by Plasmodium falciparum, we tested invasion into MkMk erythrocytes that lack glycophorins A and B and enzyme-treated erythrocytes by parasites that differ in their requirement for erythrocyte sialic acid. The 7G8 strain invaded MkMk erythrocytes and neuraminidase-treated normal erythrocytes with greater than 50% the efficiency of normal erythrocytes. In contrast, the Camp strain invaded MkMk erythrocytes at 20% of control and neuraminidase-treated normal erythrocytes at only 1.8% of control. Invasion of MkMk erythrocytes by 7G8 parasites was unaffected by treatment with neuraminidase but was markedly reduced by treatment with trypsin. In contrast, invasion of MkMk cells by Camp parasites was markedly reduced by neuraminidase but was unaffected by trypsin. We conclude that the 7G8 and Camp strains differ in ligand requirements for invasion and that 7G8 requires a trypsin sensitive ligand distinct from glycophorins A and B.
Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) in myocardial infarction
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gene complementation in the T-lymphocyte proliferative response to poly (Glu55Lys36Phe9)n. A demonstration that both immune response gene products must be expressed in the same antigen-presenting cell.
Authors: R H Schwartz, A Yano, J H Stimpfling, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The immune response (Ir) to the random copolymer GLphi depends upon the function of two Ir genes, Ir-GLphi-beta[beta] and Ir-GLphi-alpha[alpha], mapped to the I-A and I-E/C subregions of the major histocompatibility complex, respectively. In this paper, the site(s) of expression of the products of these two Ir genes was examined by evaluating T-lymphocyte proliferative responses of bone marrow radiation chimeras. Chimeras were created in [alpha+beta- X alpha-beta+]F1 responder mice by lethal irradiation and reconstitution with a mixture of bone marrow cells from both parental strains. These chimeras failed to respond to GLphi, although they were capable or responding to the much weaker antigens, (T,G)-A--L, TEPC-15, pigeon cytochrome c, and (H,G)-A--L. This failure to respond to GLphi was shown not to be the result of a cryptic mixed lymphocyte reaction, as similar chimeras created in (alpha+beta+ X alpha-beta+)F1 mice responded well to GLphi, although they possessed almost the same potential histoincompatibility. Furthermore, the lack of response to GLphi could not be attributed to a general failure of the two parental cell types in the chimeras to collaboratc with each other, as each chimeric parental cell type could respond to dinitrophenyl conjugated ovalbumin presented on nonimmune spleen cells from the other parent. Thus, the failure of low responder parental into F1 high responder chimeras to generate an immune response to GLphi suggests that immune competence for this antigen requires at least one cell type in the immune system to express gene products of both the Ir-glphi-alpha and -beta genes, i.e. one cell must be of high responder genotype. The the antigen-presenting cell is one such cell type was shown by experiments in which GLphi-primed T lymphocytes from responder F1 mice were stimulated with antigen bound to nonimmune spleen cells. Only spleen cells from responder F1 and recombinant mice could present GLphi. Neither of the two complementing nonresponder parental spleen cell populations, either alone or mixed together, could present GLphi, although both could present purified protein derivative of tuberculin. This was shown to be the case for T cells positively selected in vitro as well as freshly explanted T cells. Thus, both Ir-GLphi-alpha and Ir-GLphi-beta gene products must be expressed in the same antigen-presenting cell to generate a T-lymphocyte proliferative response to GLphi. The implications of these findings for models of two gene complementation are discussed.
Thermography in Hodgkin's Disease of the Breast
Authors: Harold J. Isard
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We are currently using thermography has an adjunctive discipline in the study of lesions of the breast. There have been reports of an increase in infrared emission from the skin overlying a breast carcinoma, and we have confirmed this in our own department. However, it is not specific for carcinoma for we have encountered similar findings in the presence of benign lesions and inflammatory conditions. The volume of our work, approximately 3,000 breast examinations per year, has given us the opportunity to apply thermography to a wide variety of lesions. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> Recently a hard 2-cm mass in the lower inner quadrant of the left breast developed in a 21-year-old woman with Hodgkin's disease, and she was referred to us for x-ray study and thermography. Mammography was nonrevealing because both breasts were quite dense, a common finding in young patients, and it was therefore not
British patients can sue tobacco companies
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Fifty British lung cancer patients are to go ahead with test cases for compensation against tobacco companies, after the appeal court last week lifted a threat which could have stopped the litigation in its tracks.

The court reassured the plaintiffs' lawyers, who have taken the cases on a no win, no fee basis, that there is no real risk that they might be ordered to pay the companies' costs personally if they lose. The case is the first to clarify the position of lawyers acting under so called conditional fee agreements. Contrary …