tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Virological suppression does not prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis receiving oral antiviral(s) starting with lamivudine monotherapy: results of the nationwide HEPNET. Greece cohort study
Authors: G. V. Papatheodoridis, S. Manolakopoulos, G. Touloumi, G. Vourli, M. Raptopoulou-Gigi, I. Vafiadis-Zoumbouli, T. Vasiliadis, K. Mimidis, C. Gogos, I. Ketikoglou, E. K. Manesis
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the risk and predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients of the large HEPNET.Greece cohort study who received long-term oral antivirals starting with lamivudine monotherapy. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective analysis of HCC incidence in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients from a retrospective–prospective cohort who were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogue(s) starting with lamivudine monotherapy for ≥12 months. <h3>Setting</h3> A nationwide network of liver centres. <h3>Patients</h3> 818 patients were included: 517 with chronic hepatitis B only; 160 with compensated cirrhosis; 56 with decompensated cirrhosis; 85 with unclassified disease severity. <h3>Interventions</h3> All patients were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogue(s) starting with lamivudine monotherapy. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Development of HCC. <h3>Results</h3> During a median follow-up of 4.7 years, HCC developed in 49 (6.0%) patients. The 5-year cumulative incidence of HCC was higher in patients with cirrhosis than in those with chronic hepatitis B only (11.5% vs 3.2%, respectively; p&lt;0.001). HCC developed in 0.7%, 6.7% and 11.7% of patients &lt;50, 50–60 and &gt;60 years old, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Virological on-therapy remission did not significantly affect the incidence of HCC in all patients or those with cirrhosis, but it showed a trend for lower HCC incidence in patients with chronic hepatitis B only (p=0.076). In multivariate analysis, age, gender and cirrhosis were independently associated with HCC risk regardless of virological remission. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Long-term therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogue(s) starting with lamivudine monotherapy does not eliminate HCC risk in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. The risk of HCC is particularly high in patients with cirrhosis, who should remain under HCC surveillance even during effective therapy. Older age and male gender remain independent risk factors for HCC, while virological on-therapy remission does not seem to significantly reduce the overall incidence of HCC.
Psychoanalysis: Waning or Waxing?-Reply
Authors: Ester Somerfeld-Ziskind
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I wish that Drs Clemens and Mosher had considered the whole review instead of reacting to the first half sentence. In the latter, I meant only that orthodox psychoanalysis is losing its influence on etiologic surmises for major psychoses. The statistics quoted by Clemens and Mosher speak for themselves. Indeed, with the evolving and spreading newer forms of analysis, there are now three psychoanalytic institutes in southern California. On the other hand, my colleagues and I have observed that the number of psychoanalytic articles is greatly reduced in major psychiatric journals. This trend is also evident in the titles of the sessions at the last American Psychiatric Association convention. Also, it seems that not only have psychiatric residency programs reduced emphasis on psychoanalytic theories, but many residents now complain about the lack of psychodynamic teaching.
Cost and clinical benefit of moving care out of hospital is uncertain, conference hears
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Major opportunities are now available to cut the demand for hospital care in the NHS in England. But a lack of strong evidence for the cost effectiveness and clinical effectiveness of the alternatives currently on offer, and the need for “significant behaviour change,” will make this difficult to achieve, delegates to the NHS Confederation’s annual conference in Manchester heard on Thursday 7 July.

“It’s one thing to manage demand; it’s quite another to deliver savings,” declared Candace Imison, deputy director of policy at the health think tank the King’s Fund. “A significant proportion of non-elective inpatients occupying bed days don’t need to be there, but the challenge is to provide cost effective alternatives.” 

Self management can cut attendance at emergency departments, …
A murine model for induction of long-term immunologic tolerance to factor VIII does not require persistent detectable levels of plasma factor VIII and involves contributions from Foxp3+ T regulatory cells
Authors: Hideto Matsui, Masaru Shibata, Brian Brown, Andrea Labelle, Carol Hegadorn, Chandler Andrews, Marinee Chuah, Thierry VandenDriessche, Carol H. Miao, Christine Hough, David Lillicrap
Journal: Blood (2009)
Hyponatremia in patients with acute variceal bleeding treated with terlipressin
Authors: Praveen Sharma, Shweta Singh, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We read with interest the study by Solà et al.,1 who found that 39 patients (67%) had a very alarming decrease in their serum sodium levels ≥ 5 mEq/L during terlipressin treatment for acute variceal bleeding (AVB). We, however, feel that some of their observations may require a closer look by the readers. Terlipressin for AVB has been evaluated in a number of studies, but hyponatremia has not been mentioned, has not been found significant, or has not been examined in most. Escorsell et al.2 observed hyponatremia in 4 of 105 patients (3%) treated with terlipressin; similarly, Feu et al.3 observed 5 cases of hyponatremia among 80 patients (6%) with AVB. At our center, 47 patients were treated with band ligation along with terlipressin (2 mg every 6 hours for the first 48 hours and then 1 mg every 6 hours for the next 3 days) over the last 12 months [age = 50.4 ± 11.9 years, hemoglobin level = 8.1 ± 2.1 g %, median total bilirubin level = 2.3 mg % (range = 1.0-27.0 mg %), serum sodium level = 132.2 ± 6.3 mmol/L, serum albumin level = 2.5 ± 0.5 g %, median serum creatinine level = 0.9 mg/dL (range = 0.3-5.0 mg/dL), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score = 18.4 ± 7.0, and Child score = 9.1 ± 2.0]. None had severe hyponatremia manifesting as neurological complications. We did not find any decrease in the serum sodium level on day 1 (133.2 ± 5.6 mmol/L, P = 0.22); instead, we found increases in the serum sodium level on day 2 (133.9 ± 5.0 mmol/L, P = 0.02), day 3 (134.1 ± 5.0 mmol/L, P = 0.01), day 4 (134.6 ± 6.5 mmol/L, P = 0.03), and day 5 (135.2 ± 5.7 mmol/L, P = 0.007). However, we stress that albumin was given to 34 of our 47 patients (72%) because of either a low central venous pressure or an increase (>0.3 mg/dL) in the serum creatinine level from the baseline. Even a shorter course of terlipressin has been found to have equal efficacy.4 In fact, terlipressin even improved the serum sodium level when it was given with albumin to patients with hepatorenal syndrome and severe liver dysfunction.5 Solà et al. did not mention how many patients received albumin in the group with a ≥5 mmol/L decrease in the serum sodium level. Although we do respect the observations made by the Spanish group, we emphasize that before its conclusions are accepted, more prospective studies should be undertaken in patients with AVB. Praveen Sharma M.D., D.M.*, Shweta Singh M.D.*, Shiv Kumar Sarin M.D., D.M.*, * Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India.
Medical Education, Registration and Hospital Service
Authors: Benedict M. Holden
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of social facilitation on water consumption in a free-living adults
Authors: E Al-Jalali, S M Shirreffs
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

People tend to drink and eat more when others are present than when alone (De Castro. Physiol Behav 1994; 56: 445–55). This study investigated the influence of the presence of other people on water consumption in adults living in the UK. 8 females and 11 males who consumed 74±12% (Mean±SD) of their meals and snacks alone (1) and 8 females and 11 males who had 80±17% of their meals and snacks with other people present (2+) completed a 3-consecutive day dietary record for 1 weekend and 2 week days. Every item consumed, eating occasion (meal/snack), time, food preparation method, product brand, location of consumption and details of any people with them were recorded. Characteristics of subjects 1 and 2+ are: 31±13 y, 41±15 y; body mass 74±17 kg, 75±14 kg; height 171±11 cm, 172±8 cm; BMI 26±7 kg/m 2 , 25±4 kg/m 2 ; environmental temperature 10±5°C, 10±4°C, respectively. Comparisons between groups were determined by unpaired t-tests. Group 2+ consumed more water than group 1 subjects (2482±691 ml/day, 1681±630 ml/day, (p=0.001)). This was because they consumed more water via drinks (non-water beverages: 1143±565 ml, 731±559 ml respectively (p=0.038), plain water: 791±432 ml, 383±347 ml respectively (p=0.027)) as there was no difference between groups in total water intake from food (1; 506±270 ml, 2+; 608±152 ml respectively p=0.163). There was a strong and significant correlation between water intake and other people present r=0.492, p=0.002. The amount of water ingested with other people present increase by over 801 ml/day than alone. This is similar to previous research (De Castro et al. Physiol Behav 1991; 51 :121–5) which found that eating alone decreased intake by 200 kcal/day.
Gastrointestinal Blood Loss during Prolonged Aspirin Administration
Authors: J. R. Leonards, Gerhard Levy, R. Niemczura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

INGESTION of aspirin results in gastric erosions and occult blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract in the majority of persons taking the drug,1 2 3 the amount of blood loss depending on the dose and dosage form of aspirin, among other factors.4 5 6 7 8 9 The clinical studies of these effects have typically involved gastroscopio examinations or measurement of blood in the stool over a limited time, usually no more than five to seven days for a particular dosage form of aspirin or other type of salicylate. Little is known, therefore, about the magnitude of gastric erosions and blood loss during prolonged administration of large . . .
The Golden Age of Quackery
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1960)

On more than one occasion I have commented upon the fact that the capacity of the human mind to deceive itself knows hardly any limit. Perhaps this is only just less cynical than Mencken's hard but shrewd statement that "Nobody ever lost money by underestimating the intelligence of the American public." Human nature being what it is, the history of mankind reveals that people who want to help their fellow man deceive himself have always been in ample supply. Some even sense a surfeit. "The Golden Age of Quackery" deals with a phenomenon of self-delusion in the United States which, though not by any means extinguished, passed its high point during the first decade of the present century. Morris Fishbein and many others have waged an effective campaign to expose frauds, quacks, nostrums, and fakes of various kinds. Though diploma mills still operate, "doctors" fraudulently practicing medicine are very few
Follow-up of emergency ambulance calls in Nottingham: implications for coronary ambulance servie.
Authors: M Cameron, F Wilkinson, J R Hampton
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Information about patients in ambulance service records has been linked to that in the patients9 hospital records in an attempt to make the most efficient use of a special ambulance service for patients suspected of having heart attacks. During one week 248 emergency (999) calls for an ambulance were made by the public in the city of Nottingham. The quality of information given to the ambulance centre was poor, and all four patients eventually found to have had a myocardial infarction were described as having collapsed. A further study of patients who were also described as having collapsed has led to a system which allows an ambulance controller to send a "coronary ambulance" only in answer to those emergency calls where there is a reasonable possibility that the patient has had a heart attack.
Monoclonal antibodies against epidermal cell surface and dermal-epidermal junction: antigens which may be epidermal cell spreading factors
Authors: H. KATAYAMA, J. KINO, S. ITAMI, M. TSUTSUI, H. KOIZUMI, K.M. HALPRIN, K. ADACHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Two monoclonal antibodies which reacted with the epidermal cell surface (SF-1) and the dermal-epidermal-junction (SF-2), respectively, were obtained by immunizing mice with partially-purified human epibolin. The corresponding antigens were partially purified from fetal bovine serum by affinity chromatography using these antibodies. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that these antigens contained polypeptide components with molecular weights different from that of epibolin (mol. wt. 65,000 daltons); SF-1 antigen had a 68,000 dalton main component, and SF-2 antigen a broad 58,000-61,000 dalton main component. Both of these partially-purified antigens promoted the spreading of dissociated pig epidermal cells. SF-2 antigen also promoted the spreading of Pam cells (a murine keratinocyte line). The results suggest that proteins capable of promoting epidermal cell spreading may be present on the epidermal cell surface and at the dermal-epidermal junction. However, their physiological role in keratinization remains to be elucidated.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: John A. Mills
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

IndomethacinIndomethacin (Indocin), although very different chemically from phenylbutazone, shares much of its therapeutic spectrum. It has proved at least in vitro to be a very potent anti-inflammatory drug. Its mode of action is still uncertain, but it appears to be one of the most effective inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis that is available for human use.1 Considering the fact that prostaglandins have been demonstrated in most organ systems and have been shown to have potent local physiologic effects, it is remarkable that indomethacin does not have much broader and more complex actions than have so far been apparent.The documented . . .
Abstract 5225: Pemetrexed induced thymidylate synthase inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer in vivo: a pilot study with 18F-FLT PET
Authors: Virginie Frings, Astrid AM van der Veldt, Mark Lubberink, Judith Herder, Godefridus J. Peters, Richard Honeywell, Frederik BJM Thunnissen, Otto S. Hoekstra, Egbert F. Smit
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objectives Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme for de novo synthesis of DNA and as such a target for anticancer drugs. In a mouse model, effective TS inhibition resulted in a 1.8 fold increase of 3′-deoxy-3′-[(18)F]fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) cellular uptake (Cancer Res 2006;66:8558-64). Here we investigated changes in 18F-FLT uptake 4 hours after the first dose of pemetrexed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Twelve NSCLC patients (mean age 64 yrs, 4 male) treated with pemetrexed (in combination with cisplatin, carboplatin or monotherapy) were included. Patients underwent dynamic 18F-FLT PET at baseline and 4 hours after the first therapeutic dose of pemetrexed. For primary tumors, regions of interest (ROI) were defined with a 41, 50 and 70% threshold of the maximum pixel, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was determined (as well as full kinetic analysis). One, 2, 3, 4 and 6 hours after pemetrexed administration, blood samples were collected to measure deoxyuridine levels using LCMSMS. After six weeks, RECIST was used to evaluate tumor response. Association between 18F-FLT uptake and RECIST was tested with a chi-square test. Results According to RECIST 3 patients had PR, 7 SD and 2 PD. Four hours after administration of pemetrexed, two patients had increased 18F-FLT uptake (beyond test-retest borders, 22% for SUVmax), while three patients had a significantly decreased uptake (see Table). In 7 out of 12 patients, the change in 18F-FLT uptake was within the test-retest variability. In all patients deoxyuridine levels raised after administration of pemetrexed with a average maximum at 4 hours. There was no significant association between 18F-FLT uptake and RECIST. Conclusions Measuring TS inhibition in a clinical setting 4 hours after pemetrexed revealed a non-systematic change in 18F-FLT uptake. The association with response measurement on CT was not significant.18F-FLT PET and RECIST per patientPt No.Baseline 18F-FLT uptake (SUVmax)18F-FLT uptake 4 hours after pemetrexed (SUVmax)Change 18F-FLT in uptake (%)RECIST after 6 weeks14.74.94.1SD24.44.75.0SD34.12.3−44.7SD44.04.411.0PD53.54.528.6PR63.42.2−33.3SD74.85.05.7SD812.57.9−36.6PR911.312.17.1PD105.67.228.3SD115.15.35.7PR124.73.7−21.5SD Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5225.
Comparison of the performance of the Frank lead placement system and the McFee-Parungao lead placement system in normal infants by QRS spatial curve analysis
Authors: L. E. AINGER, P. R. DIXON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Frank lead placement and McFee-Parungao axial lead placement system recordings were obtained at the same recording session on each of 110 normal 4-month-old infants. The spatial characteristics of the electrocardiogram as recorded by these systems are compared in the format of QRS spatial curves derived from paired observations. The McFee-Parungao axial lead system recorded greater spatial magnitudes and velocities than did the Frank system. Individual variation among the normal patients was large but both systems were comparable in this respect. The McFee-Parungao axial system recorded a more anterior orientation of the spatial azimuth and recorded this spatial vector component with greater individual variation than did the Frank system. Both lead placement systems recorded spatial elevation in an almost identical manner. It is concluded from this study that the Frank lead placement system may have a slight degree of superiority over the McFee-Parungao axial lead placement system in regards to uniformity of performance in the group of infants studied. Additional conclusions derived from this study are: (1) that each lead system employed clinically must be analysed quantitatively in order to differentiate the normal record from the abnormal record; and (2) that the 'ideal' lead placement system for electrocardiography and vectorcardiography will probably never be achieved. Therefore, selection of a lead placement system for spatial vectorcardiography, like the selection of a digitalis preparation, is a matter of individual preference, and knowledge of the performance characteristics of that system is essential for its interpretation.
ADDRESS TO MEMBERS OF THE PAN-AMERICAN MEDICAL CONGRESS.
Authors: GEORGE M. STERNBERG
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Washington, D. C, Sept. 6th, 1893. <i>Gentlemen</i>:—We are assembled for the purpose of discussing questions relating to military medicine· and surgery; to consider what progress has been made in the treatment of camp diseases and of gunshot wounds as a result of recent discoveries relating to the etiology of infectious diseases and of traumatic infections; to profit by the experience of those· who have had experience in the care of wounded men upon the field of battle and of the sick of armies engaged in actual warfare; to deliberate as to the best methods of transporting the wounded from the firing line and of rendering them the immediate assistance which may be required to save life; to compare the injuries inflicted by firearms now in use with those which came under our observation when a larger bullet with a much less initial velocity was the missile which caused a majority