tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Coronary Disease With Segment-Specific Intimal-Medial Thickening of the Extracranial Carotid Artery
Authors: John R. Crouse, Timothy E. Craven, Amy P. Hagaman, M. Gene Bond
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Several investigators have evaluated relations between risk factors and intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of the extracranial carotid arteries and between IMT and clinical cardiovascular disease. Different indexes of IMT have been used as referents. We compared the strength of association of various IMT measurements with coronary artery disease as measured at coronary angiography. Methods and Results We quantified the mean of the IMT for 12 sites of the extracranial carotid arteries (common carotid, bifurcation, internal carotid, near and far walls, and left and right sides [mean aggregate]) as well as for various combinations of sites (eg, segment-specific means, far walls only, maximum of any site) in 270 patients with or free of coronary artery disease. Models including age and all the indexes of IMT identified the mean aggregate as the only variable independently associated with the status of coronary atherosclerosis for the group as a whole. Next most strongly correlated was the mean common plus bifurcation. When classification algorithms were tested for ability to correctly classify case patients and control subjects, the mean bifurcation, mean common plus bifurcation, and mean aggregate were most strongly related to case-control status; however, the predictive power of the mean common was also strong. Conclusions These data support use of the mean aggregate extracranial carotid IMT for correlation with the status of coronary atherosclerosis; however, the data also support use of the mean common plus bifurcation, since there is little increase in predictive power of the mean aggregate over this index. Use of the common carotid alone is also justifiable and may be preferable for certain analyses.
Enhancing Meaning in Work
Authors: Tait D. Shanafelt
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leukotriene generation by eosinophils.
Authors: A Jörg, W R Henderson, R C Murphy, S J Klebanoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Horse eosinophils purified to greater than 98% generated slow reacting substance (SRS) when incubated with the calcium ionophore A23187. On a per cell basis, eosinophils generated four to five times the SRS produced by similarly treated horse neutrophils. Eosinophil SRS production was inhibited by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid and augmented by indomethacin and arachidonic acid, suggesting that it was a product(s) of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Compounds with SRS activity were purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by ultraviolet spectra, spectral shift on treatment with lipoxygenase, incorporation of [14C]arachidonic acid, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and comparison of retention times on HPLC to authentic standards. The eosinophil products characterized were 5-(S), 12-(R)-dihydroxy-6-cis-8, 10-trans-14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene B4) and its 5-(S), 12-(R)-6-trans and 5-(S), 12-(S)-6-trans isomers, 5-(S)-hydroxy-6-(R)-S-glutathionyl-7,9-trans-11, 14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene C4) and its 11-trans isomer, and 5-(S)-hydroxy-6-(R)-S-cysteinylglycine-7,9-trans-11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene D4).
Potassium channel opener, YM 934, inhibits neurogenic plasma leakage in guinea pig airways.
Authors: J Ishikawa, M Ichinose, N Nakajima, T Takahashi, H Yamauchi, M Miura, K Shirato
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The effect of a potassium channel opener, YM 934, on neurogenic airway plasma leakage was examined in anesthetized guinea pigs. Airway plasma leakage was evoked by stimulation of both vagal nerves in the presence of atropine (1 mg/kg, intravenous) and propranolol (1 mg/kg, intravenous), and was measured by extravasation of Evans blue dye (30 mg/kg, intravenous) in trachea (Tr), main bronchi (MB), and central (cIPA) and peripheral intrapulmonary airways (pIPA). Vagal stimulation significantly increased the dye leakage in all portions of the airway. YM 934 (10, 30, and 100 micrograms/kg, intravenous) inhibited vagally-induced plasma leakage in Tr, MB, cIPA, and pIPA, and this inhibitory effect of YM 934 was reduced by the ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, glibenclamide (25 mg/kg, intravenous). By contrast, YM 934 (100 micrograms/kg, intravenous) had no inhibitory effect on exogenous substance P (0.5 and 1 micrograms/kg, intravenous)-induced plasma leakage in any parts of the airway. These results indicate that YM 934 inhibits airway neurogenic inflammation by modulating the release of neuropeptides from the sensory nerve endings, and that the inhibitory effect can be attributed to the potassium channel opening activity of this compound.
Effective ”short” double-balloon enteroscope for diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy: a large case series
Authors: M. Shimatani, M. Matsushita, M. Takaoka, M. Koyabu, T. Ikeura, K. Kato, T. Fukui, K. Uchida, K. Okazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de M. Shimatani et al., pp. 849Endoscopy 2009; 41(10): 921-921DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306749
Characteristics of the β-Adrenergic Receptor Complex in the Epicardial Border Zone of the 5-Day Infarcted Canine Heart
Authors: Susan F. Steinberg, HongLu Zhang, Elena Pak, Geraldine Pagnotta, Penelope A. Boyden
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The effect of isoproterenol on increasing the peak amplitude of the L-type calcium current is reduced in myocytes dispersed from the epicardial border zone (EBZ) of the 5-day infarcted canine heart when compared with control cells from noninfarcted hearts. This suggests that specific alterations in the β-adrenergic receptor complex develop in this setting. The present study is an examination of individual components of the β-adrenergic receptor complex with the aim of elucidating the biochemical defect(s) that might be responsible for the diminished β-adrenergic receptor responsiveness in the myocytes that survive in the infarcted heart. Methods and Results We compared components of the β-adrenergic receptor signaling pathway in membranes prepared from the EBZ of the 5-day infarcted heart and a remote, noninfarcted region (RZ) of the same ventricle as well as the corresponding regions of noninfarcted ventricles. Defects in multiple components of the β-adrenergic receptor complex were confined to the EBZ of the 5-day infarcted heart. These include a decrease in β-adrenergic receptor density; diminished basal, guanine nucleotide–, isoproterenol-, forskolin-, and manganese-dependent adenylyl cyclase activities; an increase in the EC 50 for isoproterenol-dependent activation of adenylyl cyclase; a diminished level of the α-subunit of the G s protein; and an elevated level of the α-subunit of the G i protein. Conclusions Defects in multiple components of the membrane β-adrenergic receptor complex were identified in the EBZ of the 5-day infarcted canine heart. This constellation of abnormalities would be predicted to impair functional β-adrenergic responsiveness and contribute to the defect in isoproterenol-dependent stimulation of the L-type calcium current in myocytes isolated from this tissue.
New Plaque-Boosting Protein a Possible Alzheimer Target
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC NERVE BLOCKS
Authors: HENRY S. RUTH
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Through many experimental and clinical studies, both in this country and abroad, there has evolved a technic for injecting, without open section, the majority of the important components of the nervous system. With this accepted and definite technic available, regional anesthesia became increasingly efficient and popular. Another result has been the application of these practices as a valuable adjunct to the practice of medicine and surgery along diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic lines. Just now, numerous conditions are being made the recipients of these methods the reported results of which are frequently contradictory and confusing. I shall here attempt, by a review of the literature on the subject, together with personal observations covering two years of its use, to estimate its present status. It is not within the scope of this paper to consider personal or reported statistics; the results shall be considered in a general way alone.  TECHNIC  The technic
Toxoplasmosis in the Adult — An Overview
Authors: James A. Krick, Jack S. Remington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

INFECTION with Toxoplasma gondii exists in chronic asymptomatic form in approximately 50 per cent of the population in the United States. T. gondii is clinically important in the adult for three major reasons: it may cause lymphadenopathy; as an opportunist, it may cause a lethal infection in the immunologically compromised host; and it is responsible for at least 3000 congenitally infected infants in the United States yearly, thus making correct interpretation of serologic tests in the woman who is pregnant (or thinking of becoming so) an urgent matter.1 , 2 Life CycleThe protozoan T. gondii is found throughout the world in . . .
Premature escape beats. A model for triggered activity in the intact heart?
Authors: M A Vos, A P Gorgels, B de Wit, J P Drenth, R T van Deursen, J D Leunissen, H J Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In conscious dogs with complete atrioventricular block, overdrive pacing of the idioventricular rhythm normally results in overdrive suppression (OS). Frequently, however, we observed another response to overdrive, that is, QRS complex or complexes with unexpectedly short coupling intervals followed by normal OS. We have named such a QRS complex a "premature escape beat" (PEB). Based on the response of PEBs to electrical stimulation, we postulate that PEBs are based on triggered activity resulting from delayed afterdepolarizations. This hypothesis was tested in 82 experiments by 1) stimulation under control conditions and in combination with 2) subtoxic and toxic amounts of ouabain 20-50 micrograms/kg, 3) lidocaine 3 mg/kg, and 4) doxorubicin 16-24 mg/m2. The stimulation protocol, which was repeated at random five to 10 times, consisted of 10 and 50 stimuli using interstimulus intervals of 200, 400, 600, and 800 msec. This protocol was not only performed during spontaneous idioventricular rhythm but also during a continuously paced rhythm with interstimulus intervals of 800 msec. It was found that 1) the chance to induce a PEB or PEBs increased and 2) their first postpacing interval significantly decreased using short or fast drives, or both. Ouabain increased significantly and in a dose-dependent manner 1) the ability to induce PEBs and 2) the number of PEBs per stimulation-train, and also shortened their first postpacing interval. Opposite effects were seen after lidocaine, doxorubicin, and continuous pacing as follows: 1) a lower incidence of PEBs and 2) lengthening of their first postpacing interval. These results support our hypothesis that PEBs are based on triggered activity resulting from delayed afterdepolarizations.
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and p21CIP1 Modulate Cell Survival of Drug-Induced Senescent Tumor Cells: Implications for Chemotherapy
Authors: Elvira Crescenzi, Giuseppe Palumbo, Jasper de Boer, Hugh J.M. Brady
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Premature or stress-induced senescence is a major cellular response to chemotherapy in solid tumors and contributes to successful treatment. However, senescent tumor cells are resistant to apoptosis and may also reenter the cell cycle. We set out to find a means to specifically induce senescent tumor cells to undergo cell death and not to reenter the cell cycle that may have general application in cancer therapy. Experimental Design: We investigated the mechanisms regulating cell survival in drug-induced senescent tumor cells. Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry–based techniques, we established the status of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling pathway in these cells. We assayed the requirement of ATM signaling and p21CIP1 expression for survival in premature senescent tumor cells using pharmacologic inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides. Results: The ATM/ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) signaling pathway was found to be constitutively active in drug-induced senescent tumor cells. We found that blocking ATM/ATR signaling with pharmacologic inhibitors, including the novel ATM inhibitors KU55933 and CGK733, induced senescent breast, lung, and colon carcinoma cells to undergo cell death. We show that the mechanism of action of this effect is directly via p21CIP1, which acts downstream of ATM. This is in contrast to the effects of ATM inhibitors on normal, untransformed senescent cells. Conclusions: Blocking ATM and/or p21CIP1 following initial treatment with a low dose of senescence-inducing chemotherapy is a potentially less toxic and highly specific treatment for carcinomas.
In search of the unicorn: Where is the invariance in speech?
Authors: Steven Greenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Understanding spoken language involves far more than decoding a linear sequence of phonetic elements. In view of the inherent variability of the acoustic signal in spontaneous speech, it is not entirely clear that the sort of representation derived from locus equations is sufficient to account for the robustness of spoken language understanding under real-world conditions. An alternative representation, based on the low-frequency modulation spectrum, provides a more plausible neural foundation for spoken language processing.
Y and Z: New Terms in the Bilirubin Equation
Authors: Paul D. Berk, Joseph R. Bloomer, Nathaniel I. Berlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The transfer of organic anions from blood to bile is usually described in terms of three steps: uptake into the liver cell; conjugation; and excretion into the biliary radicles. Although preliminary data suggested the existence of a macromolecule to which bilirubin was bound within the liver cell,1 the physical-chemical basis for the hepatic excretion of bilirubin and other organic anions remains largely unknown.Against this background, the recent characterization by Levi, Gatmaitan and Arias of two hepatic intracellular proteins that specifically bind organic anions2 represents a major advance in our underStanding of bilirubin metabolism. These proteins, designated Y and Z, . . .
Requirement for the Homeobox Gene Hb9 in the Consolidation of Motor Neuron Identity
Authors: Silvia Arber, Barbara Han, Monica Mendelsohn, Michael Smith, Thomas M Jessell, Shanthini Sockanathan
Journal: Neuron (1999)

The homeobox gene Hb9, like its close relative MNR2, is expressed selectively by motor neurons (MNs) in the developing vertebrate CNS. In embryonic chick spinal cord, the ectopic expression of MNR2 or Hb9 is sufficient to trigger MN differentiation and to repress the differentiation of an adjacent population of V2 interneurons. Here, we provide genetic evidence that Hb9 has an essential role in MN differentiation. In mice lacking Hb9 function, MNs are generated on schedule and in normal numbers but transiently acquire molecular features of V2 interneurons. The aberrant specification of MN identity is associated with defects in the migration of MNs, the emergence of the subtype identities of MNs, and the projection of motor axons. These findings show that HB9 has an essential function in consolidating the identity of postmitotic MNs.
The management of acute mania
Authors: P. E Keck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Encouraging results from clinical trials need to be replicated in practice 

Bipolar disorder is a common, severe psychiatric disorder that is characterised by recurrent manic, mixed, and depressive episodes. Cognitive, behavioural, and psychotic symptoms often occur during mood episodes, and suicide rates in bipolar disorder are among the highest of all psychiatric illnesses.1 Acute bipolar manic and mixed episodes often constitute medical emergencies, requiring admission to hospital to ensure safety and rapid recovery. However, morbidity from mania is not limited to acute episodes as full recovery of functioning often lags months behind remission of symptoms.2 Medications form the cornerstone of treatment of mania, and in the past decade randomised controlled trials of new medications for this syndrome have proliferated. These studies have addressed important questions about the short term efficacy and tolerability of new agents, alone and in combination.

The efficacy of agents for the treatment of acute mania has typically been established in three to four week, placebo controlled, randomised, parallel group, monotherapy trials in patients admitted to hospital without clinically significant medical or psychiatric comorbidity who are able to give informed consent. These …
A comprehensive bibliography database using a microcomputer: Authors' reply
Authors: D. P Sellu
Journal: BMJ (1986)

overload is common to all such units (Price DJ, IEE Colloquium 1984).The most sophisticated system will fail in the absence of data entry.Most clinical and nursing staff dislike the usual QWERTY keyboard, the means of data entry favoured by computer systems.The APACHE scoring described by Knaus et al3 shows the APACHE II system as a 9 x 12 box table.We have used this table as an overlay for a pressure sensitive graphics pad.Data entry is by box ticking, allowing direct data acquisition by a microcomputer.This approach does not need a keyboard, uses existing technology, allows data entry by a familiar method, and provides a record of the data actually entered.Nurses (and doctors) did not train to become typists.
Influence of lung collapse distribution on the physiologic response to recruitment maneuvers during noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: Gianmaria Cammarota, Rosanna Vaschetto, Emilia Turucz, Fabrizio Dellapiazza, Davide Colombo, Cristiana Blando, Francesco Della Corte, Salvatore Maurizio Maggiore, Paolo Navalesi
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Telomerase activation: one step on the road to cancer?
Authors: Carol W Greider
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1999)

Ever since the discovery that telomeres are short in cancer cells and telomerase is activated in immortal cells, telomerase has been an oncogene wannabe. Oncogenes have been the glamour genes of molecular biology for 20 years, garnering flashy headlines and name recognition. More recently, tumor-suppressor genes have joined oncogenes on center stage. Recent evidence has shown that MYC upregulates the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, and that TERT cooperates with HPV E7 in cell immortalization. This evidence now supports the placement of telomerase among the cancer gene elite.
Prediction of Pathological Stage is Inaccurate in Men with PSA Values above 20ng/mL
Authors: Andrea Gallina, Claudio Jeldres, Felix K.-H. Chun, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Alberto Briganti, Jochen Walz, Claus G. Roehrborn, Fred Saad, Hartwig Huland, Markus Graefen, Francesco Montorsi, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Adult stem cells may not be able to differentiate into other cell types
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The ability of adult stem cells to differentiate and proliferate into different cell types has been questioned in research published online last week indicating that they might simply fuse with existing cells, creating genetically mixed cells of questionable medical value.

A group working at the University of Edinburgh tracked the fate of mouse brain cells that were co-cultured with embryonic stem cells. Initial examination indicated that the adult brain cells had reverted to the less specialised status of the undifferentiated stem cells around them. However, the group, whose study appears in the web version of Nature (13 March 2002, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature729), found that the new cells carried transgenic marker …
Variable frequencies of MALT lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations in MALT lymphomas of different sites
Authors: B Streubel, I Simonitsch-Klupp, L Müllauer, A Lamprecht, D Huber, R Siebert, M Stolte, F Trautinger, J Lukas, A Püspök, M Formanek, T Assanasen, H-K Müller-Hermelink, L Cerroni, M Raderer, A Chott
Journal: Leukemia (2004)