tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Vallerie V. McLaughlin, Alicia Shillington, Stuart Rich
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a severe and progressive disease. Without treatment, the median survival is 2.8 years, with survival rates of 68%, 48%, and 34% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Intravenous epoprostenol was the first Food and Drug Administration–approved therapy for PPH. The long-term impact that epoprostenol has made on PPH remains to be defined. Methods and Results— One hundred sixty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with PPH and treated with epoprostenol were followed for a mean of 36.3 months (median, 31 months). Data including functional class, exercise tolerance, and hemodynamics were recorded in a customized database. Vital status was verified in each patient. Observed survival with epoprostenol therapy at 1, 2, and 3 years was 87.8%, 76.3%, and 62.8% and was significantly greater than the expected survival of 58.9%, 46.3%, and 35.4% based on historical data. Baseline predictors of survival included exercise tolerance, functional class, right atrial pressure, and vasodilator response to adenosine. Predictors of survival after the first year of therapy included functional class and improvement in exercise tolerance, cardiac index, and mean pulmonary artery pressure. Conclusions— Intravenous epoprostenol improves long-term survival in PPH.
The Case of George Frideric Handel
Authors: W A Frosch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

George Frideric Handel was the first of the great entrepreneurial composers. Giants often become the centers of myth, and Handel was no exception. The Handelian myths include serious solemn religiosity, an asexual life in the service of his music, two bankruptcies, in 1737 and 1745, a series of paralytic strokes, and mental disorder. Keynes suggested, for example, that Handel had clear depressive episodes in 1729, 1734, 1737, 1743, and 1745.1 Slater and Meyer concluded that he had cyclothymia to a marked degree and was probably genetically disposed to manic–depressive illness.2 I do not believe there are data to support any . . .
BMA meeting: Trust in doctors is key to meeting the challenges facing the NHS, says BMA chairman
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The chairman of the BMA Council, Hamish Meldrum, has warned that trust between doctors and patients could be put at risk by the government’s reorganisation of the NHS.

Speaking ahead of the BMA’s annual representative meeting in Cardiff this week, Dr Meldrum said that he welcomed suggested “improvements” to the government’s Health and Social Care Bill made from the “listening exercise.”

But he said that some aspects of the bill were still a matter for concern, including the way commissioning arrangements would work in practice and the so called “quality premium.” …
A 10-year median follow-up study after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase from HLA-identical sibling donors
Authors: M Robin, P Guardiola, A Devergie, M Yeshurun, S Shapiro, H Esperou, P Ribaud, V Rocha, E Gluckman, G Socié
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
A sexist celebration
Authors: Robert A Jacoby
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—With distress I read Barford et al's editorial, with its coquettish title, inflammatory quote, and the first sentence's disdainful and sexist encouragement for “at least a quiet celebration” that women can now expect to live longer than men everywhere.1 Can you imagine the outcry if such a remark in a medical journal were directed towards women?

The authors write …
Aneurysm of the Internal Thoracic Vein: An Extremely Rare Cause of a Mediastinal Mass
Authors: Francesco Petrella, Stefania Rizzo, Lorenzo Monfardini, Piergiorgio Solli, Alessandro Borri, Domenico Galetta, Roberto Gasparri, Giulia Veronesi, Lorenzo Spaggiari
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
THE TREATMENT OF UVEITIS.
Authors: WILBUR B. MARPLE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In considering briefly the subject of the "Treatment of Uveitis," the author wishes first of all to disclaim, as he did several months ago to our distinguished chairman, any intention of offering anything new or original in the therapeutics of this condition. In the limits of a paper like the present one we will have to content ourselves often with very brief references to some methods of treatment, while to others no allusion at all can be made. After having tried various remedial agents suggested at different times by numerous observers, and too often, alas, with indifferent or no success, I must confess that I am becoming less and less inclined to use with any degree of confidence the many new drugs of whose curative powers we read such marvelous accounts. In many instances I do feel it my duty to give them a trial on some of our clinical
TWO CASES OF SUPPURATION OF THE PAROTID GLAND WITH PUS IN THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL.
Authors: FRANCIS R. PACKARD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The two cases which I desire to report possess interest from the fact that in each case there was considerable difficulty in eliminating suppurative otitis media as the cause of pus in the auditory canal. Both cases were children, and the presence of the pus may be accounted for by infiltration through the incisuræ Santorini. Of course, this has often been known to occur, but I think the cause is frequently overlooked by the general practitioner, or those who have not made a special study of the subject, the pus being regarded as coming from the middle ear. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —The patient was a boy, white, aged 9 months. The mother, who brought the boy to the dispensary of the Pennsylvania Hospital, said that the child's father had syphilis. Examination showed a large gummatous mass involving the parotid gland and tissues surrounding it and in front of the auricle. The
New late potentials using class I entiarrhythmic drugs? Flecalnlde versus disopyramlde and toeainlde
Authors: L. Goedel-Meinen, M. Hofmann, G. Schmidt, W. Maier-Rudoplph, P. Barthel, W. Baedeker, H. Blömer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Scleritis and aortic incompetence. Two manifestations of connective tissue disease.
Authors: D A Pitkeathly, G Howitt, A J Lyne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Scleritis is known to occur as a manifestation of connective tissue disease, particularly rheumatoid arthritis and polyarteritis nodosa (Manschot, 1961).INVESTIGATIONS Haemoglobin (Hb) 13 * 7 g./100 ml.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 3 mm./hr(Westergren).Sheep cell agglutination test (SCAT) negative
Case 52-1973
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Michael G. Ehrlich, Walter G.J. Putschar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Presentation of CaseAn 18-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of swelling of the knee.She was well and active until 20 months previously, when she struck the right knee in a fall while ice-skating. The residual soreness subsided promptly, and she continued her usual athletic pursuits. One month later swelling, warmth and pain developed in the knee after vigorous activity. All the symptoms subsided with rest but recurred repeatedly one to three days after any strenuous physical exertion. The knee did not lock or buckle. Eighteen months before entry x-ray films of the knees were reported to . . .
Genetic Testing for Children and Adolescents-Reply
Authors: Joanna H. Fanos
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Judging by the number of letters received in response to our article, we have clearly approached our main goal, enlargement of discourse on this topic. In response to Dr Burke, we weighed the issue of protecting innocent bystanders in developing our criteria for testing. According to Burke's own data, the majority of adolescents do not have unwanted pregnancies. A substantial portion of adolescents are capable of understanding the implications of genetic data and of using contraception successfully. Even if such adolescents were in the minority, as Burke believes, this would not change the moral obligation to protect the autonomy of adolescents. We are aware of no legal basis on which the parents of a pregnant minor could sue the biological father of a fetus or child for wrongful conception or wrongful birth. Clearly, the biological father, regardless of age, has a legal duty to support the liveborn child.
Prognosis and prognostic research: what, why, and how?
Authors: K. G M Moons, P. Royston, Y. Vergouwe, D. E Grobbee, D. G Altman
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Doctors have little specific research to draw on when predicting outcome. In this first article in a series <b>Karel Moons and colleagues</b> explain why research into prognosis is important and how to design such research
A USE FOR THE DISCARDED HYPODERMIC NEEDLE
Authors: CONSTANTINE L. A. Odén
Journal: JAMA (1923)

I have found that a hypodermic needle of small caliber is the best instrument with which to obtain blood from the ear or the finger, especially from children; it makes a clean, nearly painless cut and allows ample flow without the wound's closing, as so often happens when many other types of lancet are used. It can be inserted through a cork and kept in a bottle stuffed with cotton and saturated with alcohol, so that it is always sterile when wanted. The patient sees only the cork, which causes no fear. This is advantageous especially with children. The illustration shows how the needle can be inserted through the cork for sufficient distance to allow penetration of the skin. This can easily be adjusted to suit the occasion.
Book: A Question of Intent: A Great American Battle with a Deadly Industry
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2001)

David Kessler Public Affairs Press, £19.99, 492 pages ISBN 1 891620 80 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> David Kessler, United States Food and Drug Administration commissioner from 1990 to 1997, clearly changed the world in which the tobacco industry does business. In this timely memoir, he describes how the FDA's historic decision to move against tobacco hinged on proving that tobacco companies designed their products with the intent to get consumers addicted. The need to demonstrate such intent, an artefact of American regulatory law, explains why the administration sought to regulate tobacco products as “nicotine delivery devices.” Ultimately the Supreme Court ruled narrowly that the FDA lacked … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Abstract 3824: Integrated analysis of array-CGH and gene expression profiling identifies HSPA5 as a prognostic marker in SHH pathway-actived Medulloblastoma.
Authors: Angela Kwok-Fung Lo, Jian Wang, Jianhe Shen, Alexander Yu, Wing-Yuk Chow, Jack Su, Adekunle Adesina, Robert Dauser, William Whitehead, Murali Chintagumpala, Rudy Guerra, Tsz-Kwong Man, Ching C. Lau
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most malignant brain tumor in children and is characterized by marked biological and clinical heterogeneity. It includes four distinct molecular subtypes [wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3 and Group 4]. Previous attempts to identify prognostic markers applicable to all MBs were unsuccessful and we therefore hypothesize that each molecular subtype of MB may be associated with its unique prognostic markers. The aim of this study is to identify prognostic markers specific for SHH-active MB tumors. We analyzed SNP-array CGH data and gene expression profiling for 60 pediatric MBs and compared the molecular results with clinical outcome data. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering, we identified 18 MBs that have activated SHH signaling. This subtype of SHH-active tumors also have frequent chromosome 9q loss which are associated with more favorable outcome. In an attempt to identify candidate genes on chromosome 9q with survival impact, we found that low expression of Heat Shock 70kDa Protein 5 (HSPA5) was significantly associated with better event free survival (EFS) in SHH MB patients independent of other clinical variables. This finding had been validated in two other independent MB cohorts. By immuohistochemistry and western blotting, we confirmed the negative correlation between patient survival and HSPA5 protein expression in SHH tumors. Furthermore, in vitro study indicated that knockdown of HSPA5 by siRNA caused dramatic growth suppression in SHH active MB cells. These findings suggest that HSPA5 is a potential prognostic marker in predicting survival of SHH active MB patients and this protein may also be exploited as therapeutic target for SHH MBs that do not harbor chromosome 9q loss. Citation Format: Angela Kwok-Fung Lo, Jian Wang, Jianhe Shen, Alexander Yu, Wing-Yuk Chow, Jack Su, Adekunle Adesina, Robert Dauser, William Whitehead, Murali Chintagumpala, Rudy Guerra, Tsz-Kwong Man, Ching C. Lau. Integrated analysis of array-CGH and gene expression profiling identifies HSPA5 as a prognostic marker in SHH pathway-actived Medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3824. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3824
Long-term correction of hyperbilirubinemia in the Gunn Rat by repeated intravenous delivery of naked plasmid DNA into muscle
Authors: Zhen Jia, István Dankó
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We evaluated nonviral gene delivery into skeletal muscle via femoral artery and great saphenous vein for correction of hyperbilirubinemia in the Gunn rat, the animal model of Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I. A single injection of pDNA expressing hUGT1A1 under the CMV promoter resulted in excretion of bilirubin glucuronides in bile and a significant decrease in serum bilirubin for at least 2 or 4 weeks, respectively. Loss of metabolic effect was associated with a decrease in recombinant protein in muscle, while pDNA and transcript were detectable 4 weeks after gene delivery. Monthly intravenous gene delivery maintained metabolic correction for at least 5 months. Fibrosis around vessels in the arterial group limited the number of successful repeat gene transfer sessions to 3. Animals expressing hUGT1A1 developed anti-hUGT1A1 antibodies and lymphocytic infiltrate in muscle. Immunosuppression abrogated antibody response, ameliorated lymphocytic inflammation, and enhanced metabolic correction but did not prevent a decrease in the amount of recombinant protein. In conclusion, repeated intravenous delivery of pDNA into muscle enables long-term correction of hyperbilirubinemia in the Gunn rat. The procedure is safe and simple, with great clinical potential. Further studies are needed to explain the mechanisms of loss and improve the stability of recombinant hUGT1A1 in muscle.
Abstract B23: Tumor-associated macrophages in human papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Sun Wook Cho, Hye Sook Min, Seunwhan Kim, Kyung Won Kim, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in tumoriogenesis of human cancers, including advanced thyroid cancers. A recent study demonstrated that the increased density of TAMs was positively associated with lymph node (LN) metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional role of TMA in PTC. Method: Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD68 antibody was performed in 35 PTC patients who had LN metastasis. Co-culture of human PTC (SNU-790) cells and activated human monocytes (THP-1) by macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, 50ng/ml) were performed and cell survival rates were analyzed by MTT assay. Result: Among 35 patients, 9 were male and 26 were females. Mean age was 48.9 ± 13.4 years and mean tumor size was 0.94 ± 0.51 cm. Twenty six (74.2%) patients had extrathyroidal invasion. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor showed that the expression of CD68 was presence in 3~15% of the peri- and intratumoral areas in all cases, while there was no positivity in normal thyroid tissue adjacent to tumors. In vitro stimulation of THP-1 cells with M-CSF showed significant increase of IL-10 by 7~8 fold compared to vehicle treated cells. Co-culture of SNU-790 cells with M-CSF stimulated THP-1 cells showed higher survival rates than control. Conclusions: TAMs exist in invasive human PTC specifically in intratumoral areas. Activated human monocytes, representing TAM phenotypes support tumor cell survival. Collectively, TAMs may have a functional role in tumor microenvironment of human PTC. Citation Format: Sun Wook Cho, Hye Sook Min, Seunwhan Kim, Kyung Won Kim, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park. Tumor-associated macrophages in human papillary thyroid cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
Frequency and Distinctive Spectrum of <i>KRAS</i> Mutations in Never Smokers with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gregory J. Riely, Mark G. Kris, Daniel Rosenbaum, Jenifer Marks, Allan Li, Dhananjay A. Chitale, Khedoudja Nafa, Elyn R. Riedel, Meier Hsu, William Pao, Vincent A. Miller, Marc Ladanyi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: KRAS mutations are found in ∼25% of lung adenocarcinomas in Western countries and, as a group, have been strongly associated with cigarette smoking. These mutations are predictive of poor prognosis in resected disease as well as resistance to treatment with erlotinib or gefitinib. Experimental Design: We determined the frequency and type of KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations and characterized their association with cigarette smoking history in patients with lung adenocarcinomas. Results: KRAS mutational analysis was done on 482 lung adenocarcinomas, 81 (17%) of which were obtained from patients who had never smoked cigarettes. KRAS mutations were found in 15% (12 of 81; 95% confidence intervals, 8-24%) of tumors from never smokers. Similarly, 22% (69 of 316; 95% confidence intervals, 17-27%) of tumors from former smokers, and 25% (21 of 85; 95% confidence intervals, 16-35%) of tumors from current smokers had KRAS mutations. The frequency of KRAS mutation was not associated with age, gender, or smoking history. The number of pack years of cigarette smoking did not predict an increased likelihood of KRAS mutations. Never smokers were significantly more likely than former or current smokers to have a transition mutation (G→A) rather than the transversion mutations known to be smoking-related (G→T or G→C; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Based on our data, KRAS mutations are not rare among never smokers with lung adenocarcinoma and such patients have a distinct KRAS mutation profile. The etiologic and biological heterogeneity of KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinomas is worthy of further study.
Lymphosarcoma presenting as Loffler's syndrome.
Authors: C C Bailey, R H Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1973)

BRrllSH MEDICAL JOURNAL 24 PBuARY 1973 that it be used to investigate other patients with agranulocytosis after exposure to possibly toxic drugs, particularly where more than one drug might be responsible.In the present case cultures were carried out after haematological recovery had occurred.Whether the technique can be used in the acute phase of marrow suppression will depend on the number of colonyforming cells present in the marrow.Further studies of the patient at a longer interval after re- covery, and of her family, are planned, and will be reported subsequently.This research was supported
Methadone maintenance reduces injecting in prison
Authors: K. Dolan, W. Hall, A. Wodak
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—HIV can spread rapidly among injecting drug users in prison, even when HIV prevalence is low.1 Despite this, few countries have implemented HIV prevention measures for inmates and no evidence exists on the effectiveness of such measures in correctional environments. Condoms are provided to inmates in 19 countries and bleach in 13. Methadone is provided to inmates on a maintenance treatment basis in only five countries and for detoxification …
717 HEPATITIS B VIRUS REACTIVATION IN VARIOUS LOCO-REGIONAL THERAPIES FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS
Authors: J.W. Jang, J.H. Kwon, C.R. You, J.D. Kim, H.Y. Woo, S.H. Bae, J.Y. Choi, S.K. Yoon, C.D. Lee, Y.S. Lee, K.W. Chung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
P06.01 * PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION PREDICTS RECURRENCE OF CRANIAL BUT NOT SPINAL MENINGIOMAS
Authors: M. Del Basso De Caro, E. Guadagno, G. Mariniello, G. Pettinato, F. Maiuri
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: The expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) has been studied since 30 years in intracranial meningiomas, whereas only few studies concern spinal meningiomas. The aim of the study is to define whether the ER and PR expression may be associated to recurrence of spinal meningiomas as well as demonstrated for intracranial ones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The only six patients with spinal meningiomas who experienced recurrence after complete resection (group I) from a surgical series of 140 patients operated on between 1986 and 2010 were reviewed. The investigated factors included tumor size, type of arachnoidal interface, Simpson grade of resection (I versus II), ER and PR expression, proliferation index Ki67/ MiB1. The same factors have also been investigated in 50 consecutive spinal meningiomas with no recurrence (group II), in 50 consecutive intracranial meningiomas which recurred (group III) and in 50 consecutive intracranial meningiomas with no recurrence (group IV). The data were statistically analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed that the higher Ki67/MiB1 (p < 0.0001) was the most significant risk factor for recurrence of both spinal and intracranial meningiomas, whereas the invasion of the spinal-arachnoidal interface showed tendency to significance. As expected, the larger tumor size and the Simpson grade II resection were risk factors for recurrence of intracranial but not for spinal meningiomas. The PR expression was positive in all spinal meningiomas (both recurrent and not recurrent); on the other hand, in the groups of intracranial meningiomas the PR expression was negative in 81.5% of cases which recurred and positive in all (100%) cases with no recurrence. The ER expression was not correlated to the recurrence. CONCLUSION: The Ki67/MiB1 is clearly correlated to recurrence of spinal meningiomas; on the other hand the PR expression seems to be not significant, differently from intracranial meningiomas.
AMA Writes Prescription for Treating Growing Drug-Diversion Problem
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

"ALL THE CURRENT federal emphasis on [curtailing] street drugs is going to intensify the demand for prescription drugs, particularly as urine testing becomes more wide-spread," says Bonnie B. Wilford, acting director of the American Medical Association's Division of Clinical Science and a member of the AMA's Informal Steering Committee on Prescription Drug Abuse. The AMA may be uniquely poised to respond to the challenge of that demand. Since 1983, it has been helping states to determine their prescription drug diversion problems, pinpoint the causes, and correct them, through the Prescription Abuse Data Synthesis (PADS) program. According to data collected by Congress and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, prescription drug abuse is blamed for more injuries and deaths than abuse of all illegal drugs combined. Prescription drugs are identified in almost 60% of all drug-related emergency visits, and 70% of all drug-related deaths. By the end of 1986, 25 states