tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reported Influenza in Pregnancy and Subsequent Cancer in the Child
Authors: J. Fedrick, E. D. Alberman
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A longitudinal study of 1,959 infants born in the first week of March 1958 to mothers who were reported to have had influenza during pregnancy revealed an incidence of cancer of 4·1 per 1,000 compared with only 0·8 per 1,000 among the 14,791 infants of mothers who had not had influenza. This increase was caused by cases of leukaemia and other neoplasms of lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue (I.C.D. 200-209) (P &lt;0·0001). Data from the reports of the Registrar General for England and Wales were used to estimate the number of infants born in each year from 1955 to 1964 who subsequently died of cancer before 5 years of age. The rates for each year were compared with an estimate of the prevalence of influenza during the preceding winter. After allowing for the overall trend in the cancer death rate, a highly significant correlation was shown with deaths attributed to causes classified as I.C.D. 200-209 (P &lt;0·005), but not with deaths attributed to other cancers. The increase in the risk of developing these neoplasms among children whose mothers had influenza is estimated to be not less than fourfold. Even so the risk remains small (3 to 4 per 1,000).
Degos' disease: association with anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant.
Authors: H J Englert, C H Hawkes, M L Boey, G J Derue, S Loizou, E N Harris, A E Gharavi, R G Hull, G R Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A woman presented with multiple cerebral thromboses and skin lesions characteristic of Degos9 disease. Her serum contained high titres of anticardiolipin antibodies and showed lupus anticoagulant activity, both known to be strong markers of a thrombotic tendency in systemic lupus erythematosus. This finding may have therapeutic implications for this usually fatal disease.
[619] PREDICTION OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE BY RIBAVIRIN PLASMA CONCENTRATION AT WEEK 4 DURING PEGYLATED-INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN COMBINATION THERAPY IN HCV PATIENTS
Authors: M. Maynard, M.C. Gagnieu, P. Pradat, C. Souvignet, C. Trepo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Effects of <scp>l</scp> -Arginine and <i>N</i> <sup> <i>ω</i> </sup> -Nitro- <scp>l</scp> -Arginine Methyl Ester on Cardiac Perfusion and Function After 1-Day Cold Preservation of Isolated Hearts
Authors: David F. Stowe, Mladen Boban, David L. Roerig, David Chang, Barbara W. Palmisano, Zeljko J. Bosnjak
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Coronary flow responses to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine [ACh] or 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and endothelium-independent (adenosine [ADE] or nitroprusside [NP]) vasodilators may be altered before and after 1-day hypothermia during the perfusion of arginine vasopressin (AVP), d -arginine (D-ARG), l -arginine (L-ARG), or nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Methods and Results Four groups of guinea pig hearts (37.5°C [warm]) were perfused for 6 hours with AVP, L-ARG, L-NAME, or nothing (control). Five heart groups (cold) were perfused with AVP, D-ARG, L-ARG, L-NAME, or nothing (control), but after 2 hours they were perfused at low flow for 22 hours at 3.7°C and again for 3 hours at 37.5°C. ADE, butanedione monoxime, and NP were given for cardioprotection before, during, and after hypothermia. In warm groups, L-ARG did not alter basal flow or ADE, ACh, 5-HT, or NP responses, whereas L-NAME and AVP reduced basal flow and the ADE response, abolished ACh and 5-HT responses, and increased the NP response. In cold groups after hypothermia, L-ARG did not alter basal flow, but L-NAME, AVP, D-ARG, and control reduced flow. In the postcold L-ARG group, ACh increased peak flow, but NP did not increase flow in other cold groups. Effluent L-ARG and L-CIT in the cold control group fell from 64±9 and 9±1 μg/L at 1 hour to 36±5 and 5±1 μg/L at 25 hours, respectively. Left ventricular pressure and cardiac efficiency improved more in the postcold L-ARG group than in the postcold D-ARG, AVP, and L-NAME groups. Conclusions Endogenous effluent levels of L-ARG and L-CIT decrease after 24 hours in isolated hearts, whereas perfusion of L-ARG improves cardiac performance, basal coronary flow, and vasodilator responses. In contrast, L-NAME, L-ARG, and AVP limit flow and performance but maintain a partial vasodilatory response to NP. Sustained release of NO may account for improved performance after L-ARG after hypothermia.
The effects of imatinib mesylate treatment before allogeneic transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Vivian G. Oehler, Ted Gooley, David S. Snyder, Laura Johnston, Allen Lin, Carrie C. Cummings, Su Chu, Ravi Bhatia, Stephen J. Forman, Robert S. Negrin, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Jerald P. Radich
Journal: Blood (2006)
Healthcare professionals more knowledgeable about female genital mutilation but still some way to go
Authors: S. Relph, R. Inamdar, H. Singh, W. Yoong
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Clusters of cases of female genital mutilation have become increasingly common in the West owing to migration from countries where the practice is endemic.1 The one UK study exploring healthcare professionals’ knowledge about the practice noted significant deficiencies among 45 respondents.2 We surveyed 79 healthcare professionals working in women and children’s health departments in north London boroughs …
Deaths in Darfur are grossly underestimated
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

whom they have a complaint.The report recommends that the Department of Health takes the lead in creating a better core standard for handling complaints that are met by all NHS and social care providers.The new system should adopt a culture of openness and leadership by senior managers and of following up complaints to ensure that mistakes do not recur, says the report."The fifth report of the Shipman inquiry gives us an opportunity to reflect on why the NHS complaints system is still failing patients.We must not lose this opportunity to make change happen at last," said Ms Abraham.
Association Between Implementation of a Medical Team Training Program and Surgical Mortality
Authors: Julia Neily, Peter D. Mills, Yinong Young-Xu, Brian T. Carney, Priscilla West, David H. Berger, Lisa M. Mazzia, Douglas E. Paull, James P. Bagian
Journal: JAMA (2010)

There is insufficient information about the effectiveness of medical team training on surgical outcomes. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented a formalized medical team training program for operating room personnel on a national level.To determine whether an association existed between the VHA Medical Team Training program and surgical outcomes.A retrospective health services study with a contemporaneous control group was conducted. Outcome data were obtained from the VHA Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) and from structured interviews in fiscal years 2006 to 2008. The analysis included 182,409 sampled procedures from 108 VHA facilities that provided care to veterans. The VHA's nationwide training program required briefings and debriefings in the operating room and included checklists as an integral part of this process. The training included 2 months of preparation, a 1-day conference, and 1 year of quarterly coaching interviewsThe rate of change in the mortality rate 1 year after facilities enrolled in the training program compared with the year before and with nontraining sites.The 74 facilities in the training program experienced an 18% reduction in annual mortality (rate ratio [RR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.91; P = .01) compared with a 7% decrease among the 34 facilities that had not yet undergone training (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.80-1.06; P = .59). The risk-adjusted mortality rates at baseline were 17 per 1000 procedures per year for the trained facilities and 15 per 1000 procedures per year for the nontrained facilities. At the end of the study, the rates were 14 per 1000 procedures per year for both groups. Propensity matching of the trained and nontrained groups demonstrated that the decline in the risk-adjusted surgical mortality rate was about 50% greater in the training group (RR,1.49; 95% CI, 1.10-2.07; P = .01) than in the nontraining group. A dose-response relationship for additional quarters of the training program was also demonstrated: for every quarter of the training program, a reduction of 0.5 deaths per 1000 procedures occurred (95% CI, 0.2-1.0; P = .001).Participation in the VHA Medical Team Training program was associated with lower surgical mortality.
Prophylaxis With Printed Prescriptions
Authors: George Nicklin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> To forestall forgery, alteration, or misuse of prescriptions, I use a prescription pad (National Cash Register Co.), sequentially numbered, and with an original white form and two carbon copies (one pink and one yellow). The pink copy is intended for attachment to the patient's chart. The yellow copy remains with the pad and is stored by numerical sequence in case of inquiry from a pharmacist. In writing a prescription for tablets or capsules, I follow the practice of writing out the number, eg, "Tablets No. 10 (ten)." This prevents a patient from adding a zero after the number stipulated Orders for potentially lethal or addicting drugs always carry the instruction, "Do not renew." The front of the prescription blank contains "NB: See other side." The back of the blank and of the pink copy contain the following: <h3>Special Instructions to Pharmacist</h3> Prescription must be filled within 48
A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses
Authors: Shaoguang Wu, Ki-Jong Rhee, Emilia Albesiano, Shervin Rabizadeh, Xinqun Wu, Hung-Rong Yen, David L Huso, Frederick L Brancati, Elizabeth Wick, Florencia McAllister, Franck Housseau, Drew M Pardoll, Cynthia L Sears
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Teenagers sell and give away their prescription drugs
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2001)

More teenage state school students surveyed in Canada's Atlantic provinces took prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin), dexamfetamine sulphate (Dexedrine), and pemoline (marketed in Canada as Cylert) for recreational purposes than for medical conditions, a study from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, has found ( Canadian Medical Association Journal 2001;165:1039-44).

A total of 13 549 students in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, and Labrador in 1998 completed an anonymous questionnaire about their use of stimulants. Non-medical use in the year before the survey was reported …
Prophylactic Antimicrobial Agents and the Importance of Fitness
Authors: Lindsey R. Baden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Improved management of infectious complications of cancer has contributed substantially to the success of care over the past several decades. In the 1960s it became clear that neutropenia was highly correlated with the occurrence of rapidly progressive sepsis.1 In the 1970s, strategies for empirical antibacterial therapy were devised to minimize these complications. This therapy was directed primarily against gram-negative rods, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with good results.2 Paradoxically, this strategy has caused gram-positive cocci to become the most frequent cause of bacteremia among patients with cancer. However, the need for empirical treatment of infections with gram-positive cocci is rare because they . . .
The Evolution of Chemokine Release Supports a Bimodal Mechanism of Spinal Cord Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Phillip D. Smith, Ferenc Puskas, Xianzhong Meng, Joon H. Lee, Joseph C. Cleveland, Michael J. Weyant, David A. Fullerton, T. Brett Reece
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Paraplegia remains a devastating complication of thoracic aortic surgery. The mechanism of the antecedent spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury (IR) remains poorly described. IR involves 2 injuries, an initial ischemic insult and subsequent inflammatory amplification of the injury. This mechanism is consistent with the clinical phenomenon of delayed onset paraplegia. This study sought to characterize the inflammatory response in the spinal cord after IR and hypothesized that this would support a bimodal mechanism of injury. Methods and Results— Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to 5 minutes of aortic arch and left subclavian occlusion with subsequent reperfusion to generate spinal cord ischemia. Functional outcomes were scored at 12-hour intervals. Spinal cords were harvested after 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 hours of reperfusion. Cytokine levels were analyzed using a mouse magnetic bead–based multiplex immunoassay. Inflammatory chemokine concentrations (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, keratinocyte-derived cytokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, RANTES, and tumor necrosis factor-α) peaked at 6 hours and 36 to 48 hours after reperfusion. Functional scores reflected initial gain in function with subsequent decline, inversely proportional to cytokine levels. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated microglia activation at 12 and 48 hours. Conclusions— Spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury occurs in 2 phases, correlating to increases in inflammatory chemokines release and microglial activation. These observations chronologically parallel the too-common clinical syndrome of delayed-onset paraplegia. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of this injury may allow future intervention to prevent this devastating complication.
Downregulation of p22phox in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Inhibits Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice
Authors: Qiuhong Li, Astra Dinculescu, Zhiying Shan, Rehae Miller, Jijing Pang, Alfred S Lewin, Mohan K Raizada, William W Hauswirth
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) occurs in a variety of chorioretinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and is the major cause of severe visual loss in patients with AMD. Oxidative stress has been thought to play an important role in the development of CNV. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is one of the major intracellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular system. In this study, we examined the expression of p22phox, an integral subunit in the NADPH oxidase complex, in the mouse eye. We determined that p22phox is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and inner retinal neurons. A small-interfering RNA (siRNA) designed against p22phox efficiently reduced the expression of the protein in the eye when delivered by means of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. Vector treatment inhibited CNV in the mouse when delivered into the subretinal space where RPE cells were transduced. These results suggest that NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production in RPE cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD, and that this pathway may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention in AMD.
Jejunal villous atrophy and granulomatous inflammation responding to a gluten--free diet.
Authors: A Bjorneklett, O Fausa, S B Refsum, H Torsvid, H Sigstad
Journal: Gut (1977)

A 48 year old female patient with intestinal malabsorption and subtotal to total jejunal villous atrophy also had granulomatous inflammation characterised by numerous epitheloid and giant cell granulomas in the stomach, the jejunum, and the liver, On a gluten-free diet a complete remission was achieved that included disappearance of the granulomatous inflammation. It is suggested that the granulomas in this case were manifestations of the gluten intolerance.
Cardiac Effects of Inhaled Typewriter Correction Fluid
Authors: Richard M. Wodka, Erwin W. S. Jeong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1989Cardiac Effects of Inhaled Typewriter Correction FluidRichard M. Wodka, MD, Erwin W. S. Jeong, PharmDRichard M. Wodka, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Erwin W. S. Jeong, PharmDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-1-91_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Typewriter correction fluid (for example, Liquid Paper, Liquid Paper Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts) is composed of opaque, inert pigments and the halogenated hydrocarbon solvents trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1). During the past years, typewriter correction fluid has become a new substance of abuse among adolescents because of its easy availability and inexpensive cost. By concentrating the liquid in a closed system, the person can inhale a large dose of the hydrocarbon vapors and experience a form of euphoria.The intentional inhalation of typewriter correction fluid has been reported to cause nausea and vomiting, dizziness, coma, cerebral edema, and sudden...References1. Pointer J. Typewriter correction fluid inhalation: a new substance of abuse. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1982;19:493-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KingSmialekTroutman GJW. Sudden death in adolescents resulting from the inhalation of typewriter correction fluid. JAMA. 1985;253:1604-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BanathyChan LL. Fatality caused by inhalation of "Liquid Paper" correction fluid. Med J Aust. 1983;10:606. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. CunninghamDalzellMcGirrKhan SGPM. Myocardial infarction and primary ventricular fibrillation after glue sniffing. Br Med J. 1987;294:739-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ReinhardtAzarMaxfieldSmithMullin CAMPL. Cardiac arrhythmias and aerosol "sniffing". Arch Environ Health. 1971; 22:265-79. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySubstances volatilesElectrocardiographic changes with segmental akinesia after chloral hydrate overdoseInhalantsPsychological and Psychiatric Consequences of Inhalants2.5 Volatile Halogenated CompoundsVolatile substance abuseMetabolic acidosis associated with volatile substance abuseSubstance Misuse and Tissue Pathology with Special Reference to the HeartVolatile substances with special reference to volatile substance abuseIntoxication aiguë par le trichloréthylène. Toxicocinétique, aspects cliniques, pronostic et traitementAbuse of inhalants: a reviewVolatile substance abuse ∗Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Poisoning with Volatile SubstancesNotes and News 1 January 1989Volume 110, Issue 1Page: 91-92KeywordsAdolescentsComaEdemaHydrocarbonsInhalationNauseaSubstance abuseVomiting Issue Published: 1 January 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Atopic Dermatitis—A New Therapeutic Regimen-Reply
Authors: Rebecca H. Buckley
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Ayres restates a decades-old difference of opinion between dermatologists and allergists concerning the basis of atopic dermatitis and advocates a nonspecific therapeutic approach. In 1983, however, it seems difficult to ignore the overwhelming circumstantial and direct evidence in favor of a role for allergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. It has been estimated that between 50% and 80% of children with this condition go on to have allergic rhinitis or asthma or both.<sup>1</sup>Patients with atopic dermatitis have long been known to have positive immediate wheal and flare reactions to multiple environmental allergens. After the discovery of IgE in 1967 and the development of radioimmunoassays for it, it soon became apparent that patients with eczema have higher serum IgE concentrations than those with any other atopic disorder.<sup>2</sup>Moreover, serum samples from patients with eczema were found to have not only the highest number
"Where name and image meet"---the argument for "adrenaline"
Authors: J. K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Psoriasis is a chronic and often distressing condition which tends to remit and relapse. Chronic discoid psoriasis is characterised by thick scaly erythematous plaques, especially in the scalp, on extensor surfaces and over elbows, knees and knuckles. Other manifestations of psoriasis such as pustular psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy are not discussed here.
The RNA Sensor RIG-I Dually Functions as an Innate Sensor and Direct Antiviral Factor for Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Seiichi Sato, Kai Li, Takeshi Kameyama, Takaya Hayashi, Yuji Ishida, Shuko Murakami, Tsunamasa Watanabe, Sayuki Iijima, Yu Sakurai, Koichi Watashi, Susumu Tsutsumi, Yusuke Sato, Hidetaka Akita, Takaji Wakita, Charles M. Rice, Hideyoshi Harashima, Michinori Kohara, Yasuhito Tanaka, Akinori Takaoka
Journal: Immunity (2014)
P(rimary) &amp;amp; S(econdary)? No! Columbia Is O(ne) and O(nly)
Authors: Joseph A. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This MD became SOB (short of breath), D&amp;C (depressed and catatonic), and T&amp;A (tormented and agitated) as I read the symbols "P&amp;S" in the<i>MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)</i>, as published in<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup> The initials "P&amp;S" do not mean, and should<i>never</i>mean, "primary and secondary" (as in syphilis)! To our faculty, students, and alumni, "P&amp;S" stands for one thing<i>only</i>, our alma mater, the Columbia University College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons.
Fetal Exposure to PCBs and Their Hydroxylated Metabolites in a Dutch Cohort
Authors: Shalini Devi Soechitram, Maria Athanasiadou, Lotta Hovander, Åke Bergman, Pieter Jan Jacob Sauer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are still the most abundant pollutants in wildlife and humans. Hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs) are known to be formed in humans and wildlife. Studies in animals show that these metabolites cause endocrine-related toxicity. The health effects in humans have not yet been evaluated, especially the effect on the fetus and newborn. The aim of this study is to measure the levels of PCBs and OH-PCBs in maternal and cord blood samples in a population with background levels of PCBs. We analyzed 51 maternal and corresponding cord blood samples in the northern part of the Netherlands. The PCB concentrations in maternal plasma ranged from 2 to 293 ng/g lipid, and OH-PCB concentrations from nondetectable (ND) to 0.62 ng/g fresh weight. In cord plasma, PCB concentrations were 1-277 ng/g lipid, and OH-PCB concentrations, ND to 0.47 ng/g fresh weight. The cord versus maternal blood calculated ratio was 1.28 +/- 0.56 for PCBs and 2.11 +/- 1.33 for OH-PCBs, expressed per gram of lipid. When expressed per gram fresh weight, the ratios are 0.32 +/- 0.15 and 0.53 +/- 0.23 for PCBs and OH-PCBs, respectively. A significant correlation between the respective maternal and cord levels for both PCBs and OH-PCBs was found. Our results indicate that OH-PCBs and PCBs are transferred across the placenta to the fetus in concentrations resulting in levels of approximately 50 and 30%, respectively, of those in maternal plasma. More research in humans is needed to evaluate potential negative effects of these endocrine disruptors on the fetus.