tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood gastroenteritis: a population study.
Authors: D Isaacs, D Day, S Crook
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A prospective study of gastroenteritis based on a population was carried out for 12 months on over 7000 children in general practice. The incidence of gastroenteritis was highest in the first year (127.7 children affected per 1000) and second year (90.8) of life, and gastroenteritis was rare after six years of age. Children from urban areas had gastroenteritis more commonly than children from semirural areas. A potential pathogen was isolated from half of the specimens: 78% were viruses, and rotavirus was identified most often.
Abstract 4622: Discovery of a novel target for monoclonal antibody therapy of breast and ovary cancers
Authors: Alberto Grandi, Susanna Campagnoli, Matteo Parri, Elisa D. Camilli, Boquan Jin, Paolo Sarmientos, Guido Grandi, Luigi Terracciano, Giuseppe Viale, Piero Pileri, Renata Maria Grifantini
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In our recent research activities, we identified a panel of novel candidate markers for prevalent cancers by a systematic immune-histochemical screening with a large collection of polyclonal antibodies (approximately 1600) raised against membrane-associated and secreted human proteins currently marginally characterized. Of utmost interest were those proteins over-expressed detected in one or more tumors showing surface exposure on cancer cells. Among them, here we describe the molecular characterization of a novel surface-associated protein (EXN36) belonging to the lectin-binding protein family for which very little is presently known. We found that the protein is mainly over-expressed in breast and ovary cancers (frequency of approximately 30-40% of tested cases, based on analysis of 50 patients) and it is involved in cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, as demonstrated by gene silencing. With the intent of exploiting EXN36 as therapeutic target for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, highly specific murine mAbs were generated and proved to recognize the protein on the surface of selected breast and ovary cell lines. Of particular interest are two mAbs, which, upon binding, are efficiently internalized by breast and ovary cancer cells. These two mAbs influence the viability of breast and ovary cells in vitro. One of them shows antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro in breast cancer cells. An analysis of their biodistribution in normal human tissues showed that these mAbs have limited cytoplasmic reactivity in some tissues. Overall, the functional properties of the anti-EXN36 mAbs make them amenable for the generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Moreover, they could be exploited for immune-nanoparticles targeted delivery systems. In vivo efficacy in breast and ovary xenograft cancer models are ongoing to evaluate their therapeutic activity either as naked antibodies or ADCs. Overall, data indicate that EXN36 and the specific mAbs represent innovative and promising tools for a targeted mAb therapy of breast and colon cancer, either alone or in combinatorial therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Alberto Grandi, Susanna Campagnoli, Matteo Parri, Elisa De Camilli, Boquan Jin, Paolo Sarmientos, Guido Grandi, Luigi Terracciano, Giuseppe Viale, Piero Pileri, Renata Maria Grifantini. Discovery of a novel target for monoclonal antibody therapy of breast and ovary cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4622. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4622
<i>Forest of Fontainebleau, Autumn</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The "Strange Case" of Robert Louis Stevenson
Authors: Myron G. Schultz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

For years Robert Louis Stevenson, the Scottish romantic, did not enjoy a single day's relief from illness. In 1893, a year before his death at age 44, he wrote to a friend: "I have wakened sick and gone to bed weary; and I have done my work unflinchingly. I have written in bed and written out of it, written in hemorrhages, written in sickness, written torn by coughing, written when my head swam from weakness..." Though he had praised physicians as the flower of civilization Stevenson also said: "... the remarks of no doctor mean anything in my case. My case is a sport. I may die tonight or live till sixty." Stevenson was the pathetic victim of "catarrhal consumption." Stevenson acquired his infection early in life, possibly from his mother who was tuberculous. He was a frail, spindly youth "who was invariably exhausted to death by the evening." Because of
The effects of monensin on the transport of horseradish peroxidase into intracellular lumina in cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Imad Abou Hashieh, Lionel Rémy, Sylvie Mathieu, André Gérolami
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

A kinetic study of horseradish peroxidase transport was carried out on short-term cultured adult rat hepatocytes. After 4 hr of plating, cells were preincubated with monensin (1 μM) for 1 hr before their incubation with horseradish peroxidase for different times. Monensin treatment resulted in the dilatation of the Golgi apparatus and caused the appearance of numerous intracellular lumina lined with microvilli in associated as well as isolated hepatocytes but did not modify newly formed bile canaliculi. The frequency of their appearance increased to 28% in cells pretreated with monensin compared to 2% in controls. Intracellular lumina membranes had the morphological features of apical membranes and were stained with horseradish peroxidase more frequently than those of newly formed bile canaliculi. This work therefore provides a model for studying bile secretion in cultured hepatocytes. Our results also suggest that the biliary transport of horseradish peroxidase does not involve the Golgi apparatus, since horseradish peroxidase was never observed in the Golgi stacks even after monensin treatment.
Isotretinoin and skin fragility
Authors: S.C. Holmes, J. Thomson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Isotretinoin and skin fragility Get access S.C. Holmes, S.C. Holmes Department of Dermatology Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Thomson J. Thomson Department of Dermatology Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 1, 1 January 1995, Page 165, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08655.x Published: 01 January 1995
Treating inflammatory arthritis early
Authors: C. Deighton, D. L. Scott
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Sustained remission depends on rapid diagnosis and intensive treatment 

Inflammatory arthritis is a major healthcare problem. It spans rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative arthritis, and childhood arthritis. Three linked articles outline its clinical and personal effects.1 2 3 Two clinical reviews challenge traditional management approaches, and a patient’s personal testimony highlights the limitations of traditional care. The past decade saw major improvements in managing inflammatory arthritis, captured in guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and other European and North American groups.4 5 6 7 Despite such advances, far more is needed to overcome the long term effects of inflammatory arthritis on patients and carers.

Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial.1 4 5 6 7 Patients need early effective treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Traditional, cautious, symptom relieving approaches have become untenable for early inflammatory arthritis. A brief “window of opportunity” exists when effective treatment radically improves long term outcomes.1 4 5 6 7 Delaying the start of DMARDs by more than three months since onset of symptoms perpetuates joint inflammation. The consequences are substantial joint damage and disability and lost independence.1 4 5 6 7 …
Space phobia and the "3F syndrome".
Authors: B Isaacs
Journal: BMJ (1976)

hospitals.In some hospitals induction for growth retardation is performed only after antenatal cardiotocography has shown some abnormality of the fetal heart rate.3As the oxytocin stress test becomes more routine, the risks of inadvertent induction of antepartum haemorrhage in unsuspected cases of placenta praevia increase.In view of the danger of producing haemorrhage it would be advan- tageous not to perform an oxytocin stress test on patients in whom placenta praevia is suspected.
THE ANTIKETOGENIC ACTIVITY OF SUCCINIC ACID
Authors: Eaton M. MacKay, James W. Sherrill, Richard H. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1939)

Koranyi and Szent-Gyorgyi have reported (1, 2) that relatively small doses of succinic acid would reduce or abolish the ketosis in diabetes.We have been unable to demonstrate this action of succinic acid.In Table I are presented three typical examples of the result of administering succinic acid to diabetic patients.All of these patients had been on their regime for some time and their diets were constant.They were given the free acid.The total ketone bodies in the TABLE I The influence of succinic acid on ketosis in diabetics upon a fixed rtgime Urine excretion per day Day Total ketone Nitrogen Glucose Succinic DayNiroenacid per day grams grams grams grams Experiment 1* 1 3.21
Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Chinese Culture
Authors: Thomas H. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This collection of 20 articles, all of high quality, is designed for students of Chinese culture, for psychiatrists and psychologists, and for those concerned with extending the comparative study of human behavior and psychopathology beyond Western populations. The data, as the authors point out, are drawn largely from Chinese communities outside the People's Republic of China. Nevertheless, they write, "there is a considerable consensus that despite China's cultural heterogeneity, a single, tradition-rooted set of shared orientations has been extremely widespread and has played a leading if not modal role in China's cultural evolution coming down to the present." Six of the papers address beliefs and values governing behavior, three are concerned with child development, three with family studies, and eight with clinical and epidemiologic psychiatry. The introductory chapter prepares the reader for an understanding of key Chinese cultural issues; these include emphasis on the management of interpersonal encounters as more
Selective α <sub>v</sub> β <sub>3</sub> -Receptor Blockade Reduces Macrophage Infiltration and Restenosis After Balloon Angioplasty in the Atherosclerotic Rabbit
Authors: Gregory G. Bishop, John A. McPherson, John M. Sanders, Sean E. Hesselbacher, Michael J. Feldman, Coleen A. McNamara, Lawrence W. Gimple, Eric R. Powers, Shaker A. Mousa, Ian J. Sarembock
Journal: Circulation (2001)

alpha(v)beta(3)-Integrin receptors are upregulated in atherosclerotic arteries and play a key role in smooth muscle cell and possibly inflammatory cell migration. We hypothesized that after balloon angioplasty (BA) of atherosclerotic arteries, selective inhibition of the alpha(v)beta(3)-receptor by XT199, a small-molecule, non-peptide-selective alpha(v)beta(3)-receptor antagonist, would reduce restenosis.After induction of focal atherosclerosis, rabbits underwent femoral BA and received XT199 (2.5 mg/kg IV bolus plus 2.5 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) IV; n=19) or vehicle (n=20) for 14 days. At 28 days after BA, the XT199 group had a larger lumen (0.75+/-0.26 versus 0.57+/-0.20 mm(2), P=0.03) and a smaller neointimal area (0.49+/-0.18 versus 0.68+/-0.25 mm(2), P=0.01) than the vehicle group. Angiographic analysis confirmed a 30% to 40% reduction in restenosis. Arteries harvested at 28 days after BA did not show a reduction in intima plus media smooth muscle cell content but did show a 50% reduction in macrophage cell density in the XT199 group (716+/-452 versus 1458+/-989 cells/mm(2), P<0.006). Neovessel density at 28 days was also reduced (23+/-42 versus 58+/-46 vessel cross sections/mm(2), P<0.02). Early after BA (ie, 3 to 7 days), there was a decrease in intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, indicative of a reduction in vascular cell activation.Selective alpha(v)beta(3)-receptor blockade for 14 days after BA in the focally atherosclerotic rabbit significantly reduced restenosis and limited macrophage infiltration and neovascularization in the vessel wall.
Hemodynamic responses to atrial natriuretic factor in nephrectomized rabbits: attenuation of the circulatory consequences of acute volume expansion.
Authors: M Volpe, F Vecchione, A Cuocolo, G Lembo, S Pignalosa, M Condorelli, B Trimarco
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We investigated the hemodynamic responses to three doses of atrial natriuretic factor [human atrial natriuretic factor-(99-126)] (ANF) in nephrectomized rabbits anesthetized with ketamine and acepromazine. The influence of the different doses of the peptide on the hemodynamic consequences produced by acute volume expansion (0.9% NaCl, 1.4 ml/kg/min for 60 minutes) was also studied. All three dosages of ANF (0.001, 0.01, and 0.2 micrograms/kg/min for 20 minutes) significantly reduced blood pressure. With the lowest dose, the hypotensive effect was associated with reduction in systemic vascular resistance and no significant change in heart rate, stroke volume, central venous pressure, and hematocrit. In contrast, the intermediate and high doses, which resulted in markedly higher plasma levels, caused a significant decrease in heart rate, central venous pressure, and stroke volume; a slight rise in hematocrit; and no change in systemic vascular resistance. Volume expansion produced by saline infusion in an additional group of nephrectomized rabbits increased central venous pressure and decreased hematocrit. When ANF infusion was associated to volume expansion, each dosage of ANF was able to reduce the rise in central venous pressure, while only the higher dosage attenuated the progressive fall in hematocrit caused by volume expansion. Plasma volume, measured at the end of volume expansion was lower in the group treated with the highest dose of ANF than in the control animals (28.2 +/- 9 vs. 35.1 +/- 3 ml/kg, p less than 0.05). We conclude that 1) ANF induces significant hemodynamic effects independently from its renal action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Organic Anions in Fecal Contents
Authors: John S. Fordtran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Organic anions (mainly acetate, with lesser amounts of propionate, butyrate and lactate) constitute about 75 per cent of the total anion concentration of fecal water.1 The following scheme depicts the probable origin of acetate: These reactions explain the high concentration of organic anions (OA-) in fecal water, as well as the discrepancy between the fact that the isolated colon secretes HCO3 -,2 , 3 and yet fecal water has a low HCO3 - concentration.In the current issue of the Journal, Bustos Fernández and his co-workers have confirmed the very high concentration of OA- in fecal water and, in . . .
Task force proposes changing body mass risk indicators for diabetes
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A medical task force in India has proposed a national diabetes control programme that will redefine being overweight in Indians, release consensus guidelines for diabetes management, and launch health education in schools and workplaces.

The task force, set up by the Indian Council of Medical Research, last week hammered out key elements of a diabetes control programme to address concerns about the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in urban India.

India has an estimated 25 million people with diabetes and epidemiological studies indicate that the number will rise to 57 million by 2025. A …
Regulation of human heart contractility by essential myosin light chain isoforms.
Authors: M Morano, U Zacharzowski, M Maier, P E Lange, V Alexi-Meskishvili, H Haase, I Morano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Most of the patients with congenital heart diseases express the atrial myosin light chain 1 (ALC-1) in the right ventricle. We investigated the functional consequences of ALC-1 expression on the myosin cycling kinetics in the intact sarcomeric structure using multicellular demembranated fibers ("skinned fibers") from the right ventricular infundibulum of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), double outlet right ventricle (DORV), and infundibular pulmonary stenosis (IPS), Force-velocity relation was analyzed by the constant-load technique at maximal Ca2+ activation (pCa 4.5). Half-time of tension development (t1/2) was investigated by monitoring contraction initiation upon photolytic release of ATP from caged-ATP in rigor. The patients investigated here expressed between 0 and 27% ALC-1. There was a statistically significant correlation between ALC-l and maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) which rose 1.87-fold from 1.2 muscle length per second (ML/s) to 2.25 ML/s in a normal (0% ALC-1) and diseased (19.9% ALC-1) ventricle. Half-time of tension development decreased 1.85-fold with increasing ALC-1 expression (t1/2) was 0.252 s and 0.136 s at 2 and 18.4% ALC-1, respectively). We conclude that the expression of ALC-1 in the human heart modulates cross-bridge cycling kinetics accelerating shortening velocity and isometric tension production.
Bilateral Vitallium Mold Arthroplasty of the Hip: 31-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Thomas H. Mallory
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A cobalt-chromium alloy (Vitallium) mold arthroplasty of the hip, first performed by SmithPetersen in June 1938, has become an established procedure for the treatment of degenerative hip disease.<sup>2,3</sup>Recently a patient who had undergone bilateral mold arthroplasties of one hip 31 and the other 29 1/2 years ago presented the longest living follow-up of bilateral cup arthroplasty.<sup>2</sup>Her postoperative course is remarkable. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> Four years prior to admission to the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1939, at age 28, the patient began to experience pain in the left hip. Progressive loss of motion in the involved joint was accompanied by incapacitating pain. No trauma or childhood hip disease was known. X-ray films showed shallow acetabulae with broad and flattened femoral heads, consistent with congenital dysplastic hip disease. This woman walked with a bilateral Trendelenberg gait. The range of motion was 30° of
New Treatments for Rhabdomyosarcoma: The Importance of Target Practice
Authors: Frederic G. Barr
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract To address the poor outcomes in rhabdomyosarcoma, particularly the alveolar subtype, new therapies are needed. Potential cancer-specific alterations that may be molecular targets include gene fusions or copy number changes. Following the latter strategy, an attractive antigene approach was developed to inhibit MYCN oncogene expression in rhabdomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 595–7. ©2011 AACR.
T lymphocyte activation state in the minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: M Segerberg-Konttinen, V Bergroth, P Jungell, M Malmstrom, D Nordstrom, J Sane, I Immonen, Y T Konttinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Local lymphoplasmacytoid infiltration of the diseased exocrine glands is a cardinal sign of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The state of T lymphocyte activation present in these local infiltrations was studied by three different techniques: determination of interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor (Tac) on cell surface membrane; autoradiography combined with immunoperoxidase staining of T cell epitopes; and electron microscopic analysis of the lymphoblast subclasses. Although 64 (SEM 4)% of the local inflammatory cells expressed Ia antigen, only 4 (SEM 1)% of them displayed the T cell activation antigen Tac. Autoradiography-immunoperoxidase double labelling showed that less than 1% of all T cells in situ were [3H]thymidine incorporating blasts. This finding suggests that although T lymphocyte is the dominant cell in situ, only a few of these cells have passed the G0/G1 interphase, and even fewer have been pushed to the S phase of the cell cycle by IL2. Transmission electron microscopy showed that few T blasts were present, even though there were many plasma cells. This result further confirms the impression that only a minor T cell subpopulation in situ is blast transformed despite the fact that many of the local T lymphocytes in the diseased salivary glands in SS are Ia positive.
PEGylated Peptide Based Reductive Polycations as Efficient Nonviral Gene Vectors
Authors: Juan Yang, Hui‐Yuan Wang, Wen‐Jie Yi, Yu‐Hui Gong, Xiang Zhou, Ren‐Xi Zhuo, Xian‐Zheng Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract To overcome the critical barriers in gene delivery, a series of reducible polycations (RPCs) based on low molecular weight (LMW) peptides, i.e. PolyHK 6 H, PolyHK 6 H‐mPEG 1 , PolyHK 6 H‐mPEG 2 , and PolyHK 6 H‐mPEG 3 , with different poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) contents, are synthesized and evaluated as nonviral gene vectors. All the RPCs exhibit lower cytotoxicity compared with 25 kDa polyethyleneimine (PEI) and PEGylated PEI (PEI‐mPEG: PEI‐mPEG 1 , PEI‐mPEG 2 , and PEI‐mPEG 3 ). PolyHK 6 H‐mPEG 1 and PolyHK 6 H‐mPEG 2 can bind and condense plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA) efficiently with a particle size of about 200 nm. Moreover, they display much higher transfection efficiency than that of 25 kDa PEI especially in serum‐supplemented medium. Moreover, PolyHK 6 H‐mPEG 1 has equal transfection efficiency with PEI‐mPEG 1 which is optimal in the PEI‐mPEG, but PolyHK 6 H‐mPEG 1 exhibits significantly lower cytotoxicity than PEI‐mPEG 1 . This is attributed to the fact that inter‐peptide disulfide bonds can increase the stability of RPCs/pDNA complexes in extracellular environment and thereafter cleave in cytoplasm to facilitate the release of pDNA in intracellular environment. The PEGylated RPCs demonstrate here improved intracellular gene transfer performance and will have great potential applications in vivo.
Toward scientifically useful quantitative models of psychopathology: The importance of a comparative approach
Authors: Robert F. Krueger, Colin G. DeYoung, Kristian E. Markon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Cramer et al. articulate a novel perspective on comorbidity. However, their network models must be compared with more parsimonious latent variable models before conclusions can be drawn about network models as plausible accounts of comorbidity. Latent variable models have proven generative in studying psychopathology and its external correlates, and we doubt network models will prove as useful for psychopathology research.