tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detention of Persistently Nonadherent Patients With Tuberculosis
Authors: Tom Oscherwitz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Patient with tuberculosis (TB) who are persistently nonadherent to treatment present a public health risk. In 1993, California created a new civil detention process and allowed detention of noninfectious but persistently nonadherent patients. <h3>Objectives.</h3> —To determine (1) which patients TB controllers attempt to detain, (2) how often and where patients are detained, and (3) how many of these patients complete TB treatment. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case series with cross-sectional comparison to other adult TB patients in the study counties. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Twelve California counties with the largest number of new TB cases reported in 1994. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —All patients whom TB controllers sought to detain during 1994 and 1995 because of persistent nonadherence to treatment. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Public health records, interviews with county TB officials, and Reports of Verified Cases of Tuberculosis to the California Tuberculosis Control Branch. <h3>Results.</h3> —Tuberculosis controllers sought the civil detention or arrest of 67 patients during the study period (1.3% of adult TB patients with the same disease sites). Forty-six percent of these patients were homeless, 81% had drug or alcohol abuse, and 28% had mental illness. Tuberculosis controllers sought civil detention of 15 patients. Fourteen patients were detained (median length of detention, 14.5 days). Tuberculosis controllers sought to arrest 62 patients during the study period. Fifty-three patients were arrested (median time in jail, 83 days). In 10 cases, both civil and criminal detention were attempted. We analyzed completion of therapy after excluding patients who were not detained or who died or moved. Overall, 41 (84%) of the remaining 49 detained patients completed therapy. Of the patients who completed therapy, only 17 were detained until treatment was completed. Compared with other TB patients in these counties, detained patients had 4 times the proportion lost to follow-up and half the proportion completing therapy within 12 months. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Further improvements in the care of persistently nonadherent patients may require more psychosocial services, appropriate facilities for civil detention, and detaining patients long enough to assure completion of treatment.
Mycoses of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Walter R. Benson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

At the Duke University Medical Center the staff has had extensive experience with mycoses of all types, but especially of the central nervous system. The availability of such pathologic material, accumulated for more than 30 years, is due largely to the foresightedness of Wiley D. Forbus and the high standards of examination and recording which he established and maintained. This material forms the basis of the present book. For the most part, each chapter is devoted to a major fungous disease. The format of most chapters comprises a brief introduction of the mycosis in general and then particular discussion of infection of the nervous system. The topic headings include incidence, source of nervous system involvement, clinical aspects, cerebrospinal fluid, course and treatment, tissue reactions to fungus, and identification of organisms in tissue. The text, relatively short and descriptive, is characterized by clarity and authority. It presupposes some knowledge of mycology
'Old Man in a VA Hospital': Shock and Dismay
Authors: Jane F. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was very offended by the poem "Old Man in a VA Hospital" by McKelvey.<sup>1</sup> I was a staff nurse at the VA hospital in Livemore, Calif, for 5 1/2 years, working in the Nursing Home Care Unit. I felt that the VA hospital and the nurses who worked there provided excellent geriatric care for elderly veterans, who appreciated the effort. It's no fun to be old or sick. It's hard work to provide good nursing care. Why focus on the negative aspects?
Comparison of the Hemostatic Effect of Endoscopic Injection with Fibrin Glue and Hypertonic Saline-Epinephrine for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: S. Y. Song, J. B. Chung, Y. M. Moon, J. K. Kang, I. S. Park
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Background and Study Aims: Although endoscopic injection therapy using various agents has been considered the least expensive and most effective technique in obtaining hemostasis in peptic ulcer bleeding, most of these agents induce tissue necrosis or degeneration. Theoretically the injection of fibrin glue (FG) to halt peptic ulcer bleeding may be safer than the use of other agents, but randomized clinical trials to compare the efficacy of FG and other agents are rare. The aim of this study was to compare the hemostatic efficacy between FG and hypertonic saline-epinephrine (HSE) in peptic ulcer bleeding.
THE FORM OF THE FECES
Authors: Francis L. Burnett
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —I have read with interest the reports of Cowgill and his co-workers on their studies of the laxative action of bran. One, on the form of the stool as a criterion of laxation, which appeared in the issue ofThe Journalfor July 22, contains statements and conclusions that are somewhat misleading, and thus the sale of bran rather than health may be promoted.  One statement, Our observations support the more general view... that food residues require from about sixteen to twenty-four hours to traverse the alimentary tract was based on the interval between defecations and is therefore irrelevant to determine the absorption. Again, the statement we became impressed with... purely subjective criteria of laxation; namely ( a ) the ease with which defecation takes place, and ( b ) the presence or absence of a sense of complete emptying appears misleading. If such criteria have a meaning, the semifluid feces
Gastric Mucosal Tears Occurring during Endoscopy: Might an Endoscope Defect be Responsible?
Authors: W. Dickey, K. G. Porter
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

See also: Mallory-Weiss Tears Occurring during Endoscopy: A Report of Seven CasesEndoscopy 1992; 24(04): 262-265DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1009122
Rhinovirus infection in young children is associated with elevated airway TSLP levels
Authors: Geovanny F. Perez, Krishna Pancham, Shehlanoor Huseni, Diego Preciado, Robert J. Freishtat, Anamaris M. Colberg-Poley, Eric P. Hoffman, Mary C. Rose, Gustavo Nino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

Rhinovirus wheezing illnesses during early childhood are strongly linked with development of asthma later in life [1]. Indeed, rhinovirus infection in the first 3 years of life is associated with an almost 10-fold increase in risk for asthma at age 6 years [1]. The exact mechanism by which rhinovirus elicits a pro-asthmatic propensity in young children is largely unknown, but is purportedly related to a viral-induced T-helper cell (Th)2 airway inflammatory response [2]. Interestingly, the discovery of interactions between epithelial innate immunity and adaptive allergic responses has unveiled new potential links between rhinovirus and asthma. Of particular interest is the epithelial-derived cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which is considered a “master Th2 cytokine” because it primes the differentiation of naive T0 cells into Th2 lymphocytes via activation of antigen presenting cells [3]. TSLP is induced by rhinovirus infection or by exposure to double stranded (ds)RNA (viral surrogate) in the lungs of allergic mice [4], and in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) [5]. Together, these data suggest that TSLP may be the missing link between innate antiviral epithelial immunity and the Th2 immune response characteristic of asthma.

This cross-sectional preliminary study aimed to investigate whether rhinovirus infections that occur naturally during the first 3 years of life are associated with elevated airway TSLP levels and enhanced Th2 responses, which may potentially facilitate the establishment of rhinovirus-induced pro-asthmatic changes during early childhood. We measured nasal airway TSLP, Th2 cytokines and antiviral responses in nasal washes obtained from newborns, infants and toddlers (≤3 years) with PCR-confirmed acute …
An Androgen Binding Protein in the Testicular Cytosol of Human Testis
Authors: An-Fei Hsu, Philip Troen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

After removal of plasma contamination, an androgen binding protein (hABP) was detected in a 105,000-g supernate of human testicular homogenate. The physicochemical properties of hABP have been compared with a similar androgen binding protein in human plasma, testosterone-estrogen binding globulin (TeBG). hABP had high affinity (Kd = 7.8 nM) and low capacity (0.27 pmol/mg protein) for 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Binding affinity of human TeBG for DHT was greater (Kd = 0.66 nM, binding capacity 0.68 pmol/mg protein). On the basis of sedimentation rates and Einstein Stokes radii of hABP and TeBG, the mol wt of the two proteins were similar in the range of 87,000-92,000. The ligand specificities of hABP and TeBG were the same. The binding of [3H]DHT to hABP and TeBG were reversible processes at 0°C. The half-lives for the dissociation of [3H]DHT from hABP and TeBG were 100-120 min and 67-70 min, respectively. Heat sensitivity of hABP and TeBG were similar. hABP had a sharp pH binding curve with an optimum at 8, whereas TeBG had a stable pH optimum between 6.5 and 9. hABP and TeBG were eluted from an ion exchange column at 100 mM and 80 mM sodium chloride concentrations, respectively. Concanavalin A and ricin Sepharose affinity chromatography showed that TeBG is bound to the columns nearly quantitatively, whereas hABP is bound to the columns only partially.
Apoptosis in Human Adenocarcinoma HT29 Cells Induced by Exposure to Hypoxia
Authors: K.-S. Yao, M. Clayton, P. J. O'Dwyer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Apoptosis in Human Adenocarcinoma HT29 Cells Induced by Exposure to Hypoxia Get access Kang-Shen Yao, Kang-Shen Yao Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marcia Clayton, Marcia Clayton Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter J. O'Dwyer Peter J. O'Dwyer Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, Pa Correspondence to: Peter J. O'Dwyer, M.D., Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 2, 18 January 1995, Pages 117–122, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.2.117 Published: 18 January 1995 Article history Received: 13 June 1994 Revision received: 11 October 1994 Accepted: 27 October 1994 Published: 18 January 1995
Tracing Atrial Fibrillation — 100 Years
Authors: W. Bruce Fye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Today, there is talk about an epidemic of atrial fibrillation, and physicians caring for patients with this common arrhythmia face a bewildering array of treatment options. Contrast this situation with that of 1900, when no one understood the arrhythmia's mechanism or realized that it occurred in humans. One hundred years ago, in 1906, two publications — one from the Netherlands and the other from the United States — revealed that the arrhythmia, then called "auricular fibrillation," did indeed affect humans, that it was in fact common in patients with heart disease, and that it could be identified by means of . . .
Experimental Ablation of Outflow Tract Muscle With a Thermal Balloon Catheter
Authors: Kazuo Neya, Raymond Lee, J. Luis Guerrero, Peter Lang, Gus J. Vlahakes
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty has been performed in selected patients with tetralogy of Fallot as an alternative to surgical palliation; this technique is limited, however, by the fact that the balloon has little effect on the dynamic, muscular contribution to outflow tract obstruction. In an experimental model, we used a new thermal balloon catheter to ablate right ventricular outflow tract muscle. We evaluated the acute efficacy and muscle ablation parameters of this technology and its effects after myocardial healing.A prototype electrolyte-filled balloon catheter, heated by radiofrequency energy, was constructed. Studies were conducted to determine the optimum electrolyte solution needed to minimize balloon heating time with an unmodified, commercially available radiofrequency generator. In vivo ablations of right ventricular outflow tract muscle with the thermal balloon were performed in lambs that were divided into three groups (n = 5 each) according to the duration of thermal energy delivery (20, 40, and 60 seconds, respectively). Ablated lesion volume increased (460 +/- 63 to 1156 +/- 256 mm3) as the energy delivery time increased (20 to 60 seconds) and was correlated with delivered energy, temperature integral, and maximum epicardial surface temperature (r = .85, .82, and .72, respectively). All five lesions in the 60-second group showed an acute decrease of the wall thickness. Additional in vivo ablations were performed in 6 animals in which survival studies showed muscle thinning, healing by fibrosis, and no evidence of aneurysm formation.Thermal energy can be used with a balloon catheter delivery system to ablate myocardium. This study suggests that this energy delivery technology might be useful for relief of muscular outflow tract obstruction and that further studies are warranted.
Health secretary urges GPs to be "creative" in prescribing exercise
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The United Kingdom is in the bottom half of European countries in a league of physical activity, and around 27 million people do not exercise moderately for the recommended 30 minutes five times a week, says England’s health secretary, Andy Burnham.

The Department of Health says that the NHS spends more than £3000 (€3500; $5000) a minute treating conditions that could be prevented by regular exercise, and Mr Burnham has launched a new initiative to get the population to be more active.

“Part of the problem is that physical activity has for too …
902 LONG-TERM FOLLOW UP OF 100 PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASE – EFFICACY OF PERCUTANEOUS US-GUIDED POLIDOCANOL SCLEROTHERAPY
Authors: A. Potthoff, F. Sandkühler, B. Boozari, M.P. Manns, M. Gebel, K. Rifai
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Abstract 21241: Determining the Risks of MRI at 1.5-Tesla for Patients with Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (The MagnaSafe Registry)
Authors: Jennifer D Cohen, Heather S Costa, Robert J Russo
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: The MagnaSafe Registry is a multi-center study designed to evaluate the risk of MRI at 1.5-Tesla for 1500 patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) who ...
A Humbling Experience
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  During the recent strike of hospital workers in New York City, physicians, nurses, administrators, and volunteers maintained vital activities to allow the hospitals to remain in operation. At my institution, despite the seriousness of the situation, I chuckled to myself as I observed the various departmental heads perform the roles of admitting clerk and x-ray file clerk, perform food service tasks, and move stretchers in the operating room.  My assignment was to serve as a hospital messenger, and I frankly admit it was a humbling experience. As I reported for duty at 8 AM on a Sunday, I was assigned a beeper and several floors to service. I never imagined what the next few hours would bring. My beeper did not stop beeping: specimens for stat blood gas analysis, blood cultures, and body fluid samples for transport from the wards to the various laboratories; medication pickup for
Acute Phosphine Poisoning Aboard a Grain Freighter
Authors: Rickey Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Two children and 29 of 31 crew members aboard a grain freighter became acutely ill after inhaling the toxic fumigant phosphine; one child died. Predominant symptoms were headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, cough, and shortness of breath. Abnormal physical findings included jaundice, paresthesias, ataxia, intention tremor, and diplopia. Focal myocardial infiltration with necrosis, pulmonary edema, and widespread small-vessel injury were found at postmortem examination of the dead child. The surviving child showed ECG and echocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury and transient elevation of the MB fraction of serum creatinine phosphokinase. Illness was significantly associated with living or working amidships or on the forward deck areas of the vessel. Phosphine gas was found to have escaped from the holds through a cable housing located near the midships ventilation intake and around hatch covers on the forward deck. The outbreak illustrates the hazards associated with shipboard fumigation.
Self-inflicted gunshot wounds: lethality of method versus intent
Authors: L G Peterson, M Peterson, G J O'Shanick, A Swann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors studied 30 patients treated at an urban trauma center for self-inflicted gunshot wounds, most or all of which would have been fatal without emergency treatment. About half the patients had used alcohol or drugs immediately before wounding themselves, and slightly more than half had experienced interpersonal conflict just before the incident. Thirteen of the 30 were women. Only nine were given diagnoses of major depressive episode or dysthymia; none of the patients had written suicide notes. These data indicate that the reported demographic and clinical characteristics of impulsive, violent self-injury must be reexamined.
Lipids and lipoproteins predicting coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Authors: M Laakso, S Lehto, I Penttilä, K Pyörälä
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association of lipoprotein fractions with the future risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). METHODS AND RESULTS At baseline, lipoprotein fractions were determined in 313 diabetic patients with NIDDM (153 men and 160 women), and these patients were followed up for 7 years with respect to CHD events (CHD death or all CHD events including CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction). Altogether, 56 NIDDM patients (28 men and 28 women) died from CHD and 25 had a nonfatal myocardial infarction (17 men and 8 women) during the follow-up. NIDDM patients having these CHD events during the follow-up had higher levels of total and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL2 cholesterol than those without CHD events. The risk for CHD death was fourfold and for all CHD events, twofold higher among diabetics with low HDL cholesterol (&lt; 0.9 mmol/L) than among diabetics with HDL cholesterol &gt; or = 0.9 mmol/L. High triglyceride level (&gt; 2.3 mmol/L) was associated with a twofold increase in the risk of CHD events. In multiple logistic regression analyses, HDL was inversely associated with CHD events and VLDL triglycerides with CHD events in NIDDM patients with low HDL cholesterol level (&lt; or = 1.12 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS Our 7-year follow-up study gives evidence that low HDL and HDL2 cholesterol, high VLDL cholesterol, and high total and VLDL triglycerides are powerful risk indicators for CHD events in patients with NIDDM:
Effects of Estrogen Therapy on Plasma MAO Activity and EEG Driving Responses of Depressed Women
Authors: EDWARD L. KLAIBER, DONALD M. BROVERMAN, WILLIAM VOGEL, YUTAKA KOBAYASHI, DAVID MORIARTY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The authors report that premenopausal depressed women with regular menstrual cycles have higher levels of plasma MAO activity and greater EEG responses to photic stimulation than do nondepressed women. These abnormalities are interpreted as evidence of adrenergic insufficiency. Oral conjugated estrogen therapy moved both indices toward normal levels. Although the study did not attempt to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of the estrogen therapy, the patients reported improvement in their mental status.
A Single Intravenous Injection of Adeno-associated Virus Serotype-9 Leads to Whole Body Skeletal Muscle Transduction in Dogs
Authors: Yongping Yue, Arkasubhra Ghosh, Chun Long, Brian Bostick, Bruce F Smith, Joe N Kornegay, Dongsheng Duan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

The success of many gene therapy applications hinges on efficient whole body transduction. In the case of muscular dystrophies, a therapeutic vector has to reach every muscle in the body. Recent studies suggest that vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) are capable of body-wide transduction in rodents. However, translating this finding to large animals remains a challenge. Here we explored systemic gene delivery with AAV serotype-9 (AAV-9) in neonatal dogs. Previous attempts to directly deliver AAV to adult canine muscle have yielded minimal transduction due to a strong cellular immune response. However, in neonatal dogs we observed robust skeletal muscle transduction throughout the body after a single intravenous injection. Importantly, systemic transduction was achieved in the absence of pharmacological intervention or immune suppression and it lasted for at least 6 months (the duration of study). We also observed several unique features not predicted by murine studies. In particular, cardiac muscle was barely transduced in dogs. Many muscular dystrophy patients can be identified by neonatal screening. The technology described here may lead to an effective early intervention in these patients. The success of many gene therapy applications hinges on efficient whole body transduction. In the case of muscular dystrophies, a therapeutic vector has to reach every muscle in the body. Recent studies suggest that vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) are capable of body-wide transduction in rodents. However, translating this finding to large animals remains a challenge. Here we explored systemic gene delivery with AAV serotype-9 (AAV-9) in neonatal dogs. Previous attempts to directly deliver AAV to adult canine muscle have yielded minimal transduction due to a strong cellular immune response. However, in neonatal dogs we observed robust skeletal muscle transduction throughout the body after a single intravenous injection. Importantly, systemic transduction was achieved in the absence of pharmacological intervention or immune suppression and it lasted for at least 6 months (the duration of study). We also observed several unique features not predicted by murine studies. In particular, cardiac muscle was barely transduced in dogs. Many muscular dystrophy patients can be identified by neonatal screening. The technology described here may lead to an effective early intervention in these patients.
Mesenchymal stem cells from multiple myeloma patients display distinct genomic profile as compared with those from normal donors
Authors: M Garayoa, J L Garcia, C Santamaria, A Garcia-Gomez, J F Blanco, A Pandiella, J M Hernández, F M Sanchez-Guijo, M-C del Cañizo, N C Gutiérrez, J F San Miguel
Journal: Leukemia (2009)