tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dietary Wheat Bran Fiber on Rectal Epithelial Cell Proliferation in Patients With Research for Colorectal Cancers
Authors: D. S. Alberts, J. Einspahr, S. Rees-McGee, P. Ramanujam, M. K. Buller, L. Clark, C. Ritenbaugh, J. Atwood, P. Pethigal, D. Earnest, H. Villar, J. Phelps, M. Lipkin, M. Wargovich, F. L. Meyskens
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

A preponderance of carcinogenesis studies in rodents and epidemiologic studies in humans suggests a potential role of dietary fiber in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Recently, wheat bran fiber used as a dietary supplement has been shown to decrease the growth of rectal adenomatous polyps in patients with familial poluposis; however, few studies of high-risk human populatins have been attempted to determine the effects of dietary fiber supplementation on markersn of carcinogenesis in the colon or rectum. We have designed a one-arm study to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with wheat bran fiber [i.e., 13.5 g/day for 8 wk; after 1 mo, 2 g/day (compliance evaluation period)] on [ 3 H]thy-midine rectal mucosa cell labeling (i.e., percent of epithelial cells incorporating [ 3 H]thymidine into DNA in intact rectal crypt cells over a 90-min exposure as well as in minced rectal biopsy tissue over a 24-hr exposure) in rectal biopsy speciamens. The biopsy specimens were obtained at sigmoidoscopy in 17 compliant patients with a history of resected colon or rectal cancer. We categorized patients as having initaially low or initially high [ 3 H]thymidine-labeling indices (i.e., percent of mucosa cells that incorporate [ 3 H]thymidine into DNA during 1.5-or 24-hour in vitro incubations) by using the median baseline labeling index as a cutoff between high and low values. On the basis of a chi-square test used to identify patients with a statistically significant ( P <. 001) change, six of the eight patients who initially had high 24-hour outgrowth labeling indices showed a significant decrease in the rectal mucosa biopsy specimens obtained after treatment. An over-all 22% decrease was observed in rectal mucosa cell biopsy specimens obtained at study termination ( P <.001). Of the eight patients with initially high total [ 3 H]thymidine-labeling indices in crypt organ culture, four had a significant ( P <.001) decrease from baseline values, one had a significant increase, and three showed no change following the fiber intervention. The wheat bran fiber dietary supplement of 13.5 g/day was well tolerated by this group of older (54—70 yr) patients. Although the [ 3 H]-thymidine labeling index data suggest that the wheat bran fiber supplement can inhibit DNA synthesis and rectal mucosa cell proliferation in high-risk patients, the resulta of this small pilot study should not be overinterpreted vis á vis the potential role of wheat bran fiber as a chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer. Study results should be confirmed in the setting of a randomized double-blined clinical trial in colorectal cancer patients. Intermediated markers of carcinogenesis should be used as end points. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 1280—1285, 1990]
Anticipated Medical Effects on Children From Legalization of Marijuana in Colorado and Washington State
Authors: William Hurley, Suzan Mazor
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Measles Immunization for International Travelers
Authors: C. Fordham von Reyn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1989Measles Immunization for International TravelersC. Fordham von Reyn, MD, Susan M. Saviteer, MDC. Fordham von Reyn, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Susan M. Saviteer, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-9-766 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In the comprehensive and excellent review by Hill and Pearson, "Health Advice for International Travel" (1), the summary table only recommends measles immunization for international travelers born after 1956 who do not have a history of immunization with live vaccine on or after age 12 months or a history of measles disease. A recent measles outbreak in New Hampshire demonstrates that this recommendation is not adequate.In February 1988, a 15-year-old girl was seen for travel advice and immunizations before traveling to Kenya for 2 weeks. Records at the same health care facility documented receipt of live...References1. HillPearson DR. Health advice for international travel. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:839-52. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Measles prevention: supplementary statement. MMWR. 1989;38:11-4. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. DavisOrensteinFrank RWJ. Transmission of measles in medical settings. 1980 through 1984. JAMA. 1986;255:1295-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WatkinsSmithSt. GermainMacKay NRDD. Measles (rubeola) infection in a hospital setting. Am J Infect Control. 1987;15:201-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Measles-United States, 1987. MMWR. 1988;37:527-31. MedlineGoogle Scholar6. MarkowitzTomasiHawkinsPrebludOrensteinHinman LACSWA. International measles importations United States, 1980-1985. Int J Epidemiol. 1988;17:187-92. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: C. Fordham von Reyn, MD; Susan M. Saviteer, MDAffiliations: Concord Hospital Concord, NH 03301 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEVALUATION OF SKIN PROBLEMSMeasles Vaccine and TravelersDavid O. Freedman, MDMeasles Prophylaxis for International TravelDavid R. Hill, MD, Richard D. Pearson, MD 1 November 1989Volume 111, Issue 9Page: 766-767KeywordsGlobal healthHealth care facilitiesMeaslesVaccines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
The prevention and treatment of jet lag
Authors: A. Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The jet lag syndrome emerged with the rise of long haul air travel. The symptoms include disturbed sleep, increased fatigue, loss of concentration, and increased irritability during the new daytime, and yet difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep at night. Long flights are also often tiring and uncomfortable (travel fatigue), and the dry cabin air contributes to dehydration. These effects can be distinguished from those of jet lag by comparing flights across time zones, for example from Europe to Asia, with flights of similar length along the same meridian, say to southern Africa, which cause travel fatigue but no jet lag. It is worth trying to minimise travel fatigue in its own right, and simple practical advice includes (see box).1

Jet lag is due to the desynchronisation between various body rhythms and environmental rhythms. The rhythm most noticeably affected is the cycle of sleep and activity, with the associated changes in physical and mental functioning. All the rhythms are regulated by internal and external factors that interact. For example, the “body clock” controls secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland, an important internal factor, and light turns it off. With a rapid change of time zone, it takes several days for the external factors to shift the phase of the body clock from …
Pancreozymin bioassay in man based on pancreatic enzyme secretion: potency of specific amino acids and other digestive products
Authors: Vay L. W. Go, Alan F. Hofmann, W. H. J. Summerskill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The ability of products of digestion to stimulate pancreozymin secretion in man was investigated using a bioassay procedure, based on duodenal perfusion, which quantified the total outputs of pancreatic enzymes evoked by intraduodenal stimuli under steady-state conditions. Patterns of response resulting from physiologic intraduodenal concentrations of test material were basal output (with isotonic saline), washout of enzymes (with dextrose, micellar fatty acid, and amino acids), and sustained output of enzymes (with amino acids and micellar fatty acid). The sustained secretion of pancreatic enzymes found during the 2nd hr of perfusion and subsequently was characteristic of pancreozymin-induced secretion. The enzyme output in response to a mixture of essential and nonessential amino acids was significantly higher than that evoked by micellar fatty acid and was comparable with that resulting from the maximally tolerated dose of pancreozymin given by vein. Perfusion with essential amino acids caused enzyme outputs comparable to those induced by perfusion with the original amino acid mixture, whereas perfusion with nonessential amino acids had no effect. When the essential amino acids were tested individually, only phenylalanine, methionine, and valine caused significant increases in pancreatic enzyme output; the effect of tryptophan was indeterminate. However, the pancreatic enzyme output was less in response to these three essential amino acids than to mixtures containing all of them.
The Periodic Health Examination: Genesis of a Myth
Authors: MITCHELL H. CHARAP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Although the periodic health examination was introduced over 80 years ago, it remains a controversy in internal medicine. There have been few data from controlled studies to document the examination's efficacy for adults; nevertheless, its popularity is increasing and health screening has become a multimillion-dollar industry in the United States. Conclusions drawn from poorly designed studies 65 years ago led to the acceptance of periodic examination as a means of detecting disease and reducing mortality. First, physicians associated with life insurance companies and, later, private practitioners began offering these examinations. By promoting the periodic health examination, the medical profession created interest among the general population. The impact of health screening is still unknown today, and well-designed studies are needed to resolve the controversy.
T lymphocytes redirected against the κ light chain of human immunoglobulin efficiently kill mature B lymphocyte-derived malignant cells
Authors: Juan Vera, Barbara Savoldo, Stephane Vigouroux, Ettore Biagi, Martin Pule, Claudia Rossig, Jessie Wu, Helen E. Heslop, Cliona M. Rooney, Malcolm K. Brenner, Gianpietro Dotti
Journal: Blood (2006)
Concentrations of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and prostaglandin I2 synthase in the endothelium and smooth muscle of bovine aorta.
Authors: D L DeWitt, J S Day, W K Sonnenburg, W L Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Platelets adhere to the subendothelial layer of newly deendothelialized arteries. Attachment can be reduced with exogenous prostacyclin (PGI2). Thus, the subendothelium may be unable to produce sufficient PGI2 to prevent platelet adherence and subsequent platelet-platelet interaction. Consistent with this explanation are data from an earlier report (1977. Moncada S., A. G. Herman, E. A. Higgs, and J. R. Vane. Thromb. Res. 11:323-344) indicating that the smooth muscle layer of aorta has only 10-15% of the capacity of endothelial cells to synthesize PGI2. We have measured the concentrations of PGI2 synthase and prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH) synthase in bovine aorta and obtained results quite different from those described in this earlier report. Tandem immunoradiometric assays for PGI2 synthase and PGH synthase antigens were used to quantitate these proteins in detergent-solubilized homogenates of endothelial cells and smooth muscle tissue prepared from 10 different bovine aorta. The concentrations of PGI2 synthase in endothelial cells and smooth muscle were found to be the same. However, the concentration of PGH synthase in endothelial cells averaged greater than 20 times that of smooth muscle. Results similar to those determined by immunoradiometric assay were also obtained when PGH synthase and PGI2 synthase catalytic activities were measured in preparations of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, when bovine aorta and renal arteries were subjected to immunocytofluorescence staining using monoclonal antibodies to PGI2 synthase, fluorescence staining of equivalent intensity was detected in both the endothelial cells and the smooth muscle. Moreover, the intensity of fluorescence was similar throughout cross-sections of vascular smooth muscle, indicating that there is no gradient in PGI2 synthase concentrations between the endothelium and adventitia. Our results indicate that the propensity of platelets to adhere to the subendothelium of deendothelialized arteries and form aggregates cannot be attributed simply to an inability of the denuded vasculature to produce PGI2 from PGH2, but may be a consequence of the low PGH synthase activity of smooth muscle. Consistent with this concept are the results of Eldor et al. (1981. J. Clin. Invest. 67:735-741) who reported that increases in PGH synthase activity are associated with formation of a nonthrombogenic neointima.
Human dermal microvasculature: I. Its segmental differentiation. Light and electron microscopic study*
Authors: J. C. HIGGINS, R. A. J. EADY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Light microscopic examination of 1 μm thick epoxy resin sections of human skin preserved in fixative normally used for electron microscopy allows division of the microvasculature of the reticular and superficial dermis into several distinct segments. More precise delineation of these components can be achieved by correlative study using electron microscopy. Measurement of vessel diameter in tissue sections is of limited value in vessel classification because there is a wide overlap between different vascular segments and the results are influenced by the type of fixative used for processing the tissue. Detailed observation of the morphological characteristics of the endothelium and its investment, including the elastic and basal laminae, is considered preferable for identifying individual vascular segments. Differences in body region do not appear to have any obvious influence on vessel structure although there are regional differences in vessel density and arrangement. In comparison with earlier studies on animal tissues or human skin, no structures resembling arteriovenous shunts or precapillary sphincters were observed in the present investigation. However, closed fenestrae and other structures thought to be transendothelial channels were often found at the tips of capillary loops adjacent to the epidermis.
Orthotopic transplantation of the pig heart
Authors: P. A. Cullum, M. Baum, A. Clarke, P. B. Wemyss-Gorman, E. Howard, R. M. A. McClelland
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Orthotopic transplantation of the pig heart is described, with success in the last 12 of 23 studies, leading to survival until rejection in the last two. The pig heart was found to be easily damaged by cold. In contrast, organ viability was not appreciably affected when the warm ischaemic time was shortened by making the aortic anastomosis the initial manœuvre of implantation. The advantages of the pig as a model for the study of orthotopic cardiac allografts would appear to be its tolerance of long periods of cardiopulmonary bypass, immediate clotting after heparin reversal and ability to maintain the circulation without drug or pacemaker support. These factors have contributed to the relative simplicity of post-operative management.
International online discussion lists on chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Joana D Ramos, Anjana Rai-Chaudhuri, Robert W Neill
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Nephron endowment is defined by fetal kidney growth and critically dictates renal health in adults. Despite the advances in understanding the molecular regulation of nephron progenitors, the causes for low congenital nephron count and contribution of basic metabolism to nephron progenitor biology remain poorly understood. Here we characterized the metabolic consequences of MAPK/ERK-deficiency in nephron progenitors, whose maintenance and propagation in developing kidney critically depends on ERK activation. Our LC/MS-based metabolomics profiling identified 42 reduced metabolites, of which 26 were further supported by <i>in vivo</i> transcriptional characterization of MAPK/ERK-deficient nephron progenitors. This revealed a severe shortage of energy and nucleotide biosynthesis precursors, blockage in glycolysis and diminished pyruvate and proline metabolism. Utilization of <i>in vitro</i> kidney cultures demonstrated a dosage-specific function for glycolytic pyruvate as an energy source that controls the shape of the ureteric bud tip kwon to serve as a niche for nephron progenitor regulation. Analysis of the proline biosynthesis effects in developing kidney <i>in vivo</i> revealed premature loss of nephron progenitor maintenance in the absence of <i>Pycr1</i>/2 functions. Our results suggest that MAPK/ERK-dependent nephron progenitor metabolism functionally contributes to progenitor preservation by controlling pyruvate availability and proline metabolism in developing kidneys.
Effects of Differences Between Peer Reviewers Suggested by Authors and by Editors
Authors: Peter Cummings
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blackboards in Schools.
Authors: Q. Cincinnatus Smith
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Austin, Texas, May 14, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of May 1, page 854, Dr. A. C. Corr says: " The blackboards ought to be clean black," etc. The<i>color</i>of school exercise boards is a matter of great importance, but has been strangely neglected. For, from time immemorial, it has been a fact of common knowledge, even among uneducated people, that<i>black</i>is the worst of colors for the eyes; hence, it has long been a custom with tailors, to charge more for making a<i>black</i>suit of clothes, than for any other color. For many years we have given schoolroom hygiene much special study, and have long taught, by word and pen, that school exercise boards should<i>not</i>be<i>black</i>. The best color for such boards is some shade of cream white, a dead surface of soft, mellow tint, varied in its degree of whiteness to suit
Regulation of Mite Allergen-pulsed Murine Dendritic Cells by Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Yuki Kondo, Hiroto Matsuse, Ikuko Machida, Tetsuya Kawano, Sachiko Saeki, Shinya Tomari, Yasushi Obase, Chizu Fukushima, Shigeru Kohno
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the only antigen-presenting cells that determine T-cell differentiation and play an important role in both allergy and viral infection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can infect DCs and affect their functions. The aim of this study was to determine the interaction between RSV infection and Dermatophagoides farinae allergen (D. farinae) sensitization on the development of allergy at the DC level. Murine bone marrow-derived DCs were prepared and treated as: control; D. farinae-pulsed DCs (D. farinae-DCs); ultraviolet-inactivated RSV challenged; RSV-infected, D. farinae-pulsed plus ultraviolet-inactivated RSV-challenged; and D. farinae-pulsed plus RSV-infected. In in vitro experiments, we compared the expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokine production between the six groups of DCs. Another group of naive mice were then intranasally inoculated with these DCs, after which intranasal challenge with D. farinae was performed to develop allergic airway inflammation in vivo. In comparison with D. farinae-DCs, D. farinae-pulsed plus RSV-infected DCs showed helper T cell (Th) 1-favored expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokine production. Allergic airway inflammation induced by intranasal instillation of D. farinae-DCs was abrogated when infected with RSV, which was associated with a concomitant suppression of Th2 response in the lung. Our results indicated that RSV suppresses D. farinae-DCs to induce Th2 response both in vitro and in vivo through regulation of expression of surface markers and production of immunoregulatory cytokines.