tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Respiratory Maneuvers on Jugular Venous Reflux
Authors: BHASKARA K. RAO, ROBERT E. POLCYN, LIONEL M. LIEBERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

The cause of jugular venous reflux during a radionuclide cerebral angiogram is uncertain. The authors describe a patient in whom physiologic respiratory maneuvers had a profound influence on the jugular venous reflux during cerebral radionuclide angiography. The massive jugular reflux was abolished by intravenous injection of a radiotracer bolus during inspiration. When brain flow data are difficult to interpret because of reflux, the authors suggest that radiotracer be administered intravenously during inspiration.
Semen quality in relation to biomarkers of pesticide exposure.
Authors: Shanna H Swan, Robin L Kruse, Fan Liu, Dana B Barr, Erma Z Drobnis, J Bruce Redmon, Christina Wang, Charlene Brazil, James W Overstreet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

We previously reported reduced sperm concentration and motility in fertile men in a U.S. agrarian area (Columbia, MO) relative to men from U.S. urban centers (Minneapolis, MN; Los Angeles, CA; New York, NY). In the present study we address the hypothesis that pesticides currently used in agriculture in the Midwest contributed to these differences in semen quality. We selected men in whom all semen parameters (concentration, percentage sperm with normal morphology, and percentage motile sperm) were low (cases) and men in whom all semen parameters were within normal limits (controls) within Missouri and Minnesota (sample sizes of 50 and 36, respectively) and measured metabolites of eight current-use pesticides in urine samples provided at the time of semen collection. All pesticide analyses were conducted blind with respect to center and case-control status. Pesticide metabolite levels were elevated in Missouri cases, compared with controls, for the herbicides alachlor and atrazine and for the insecticide diazinon [2-isopropoxy-4-methyl-pyrimidinol (IMPY)]; for Wilcoxon rank test, p = 0.0007, 0.012, and 0.0004 for alachlor, atrazine, and IMPY, respectively. Men from Missouri with high levels of alachlor or IMPY were significantly more likely to be cases than were men with low levels [odds ratios (ORs) = 30.0 and 16.7 for alachlor and IMPY, respectively], as were men with atrazine levels higher than the limit of detection (OR = 11.3). The herbicides 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and metolachlor were also associated with poor semen quality in some analyses, whereas acetochlor levels were lower in cases than in controls (p = 0.04). No significant associations were seen for any pesticides within Minnesota, where levels of agricultural pesticides were low, or for the insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) or the malathion metabolite malathion dicarboxylic acid. These associations between current-use pesticides and reduced semen quality suggest that agricultural chemicals may have contributed to the reduction in semen quality in fertile men from mid-Missouri we reported previously.
K-<i>ras</i> mutations in patients with early colorectal cancers
Authors: H J N Andreyev, J V T Tilsed, D Cunningham, S A Sampson, A R Norman, H J Schneider, P A Clarke
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —Published data are contradictory about the importance of K- ras mutations in advanced tumours and are not available for early cancers. Aims —To establish whether specific K- ras mutations are prognostic markers in early stage colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods —The presence of K- ras exon 1 mutations were correlated with tumour recurrence in two groups of patients: group 1 was a consecutive series of patients with resected colorectal adenocarcinoma at low risk of recurrence; group 2 were patients referred for chemotherapy after relapse of previously resected early stage tumours. K- ras mutations were detected by direct sequencing of whole tissue samples in all patients and in some, the leading edge and centre of the tumour were also microdissected out individually and sequenced. Results —Mutations were present in 26 (26.5%) of 98 patients in group 1; 14 patients developed a recurrence, four (28.5%) of whom had a K- ras mutation. Seventy nine patients have not developed tumour recurrence, 22 (28%) of whom had a mutation (p=0.84). K- ras mutations were present in five of 14 patients in group 2. Microdissection did not increase the number of mutations detected. Conclusions —Individual K- ras genotypes are distributed homogeneously throughout early stage colorectal adenocarcinomas, but detection of a mutation has no apparent prognostic value.
Hemodynamic Studies Two Weeks to Six Years after Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: GEORGE ALBERTAL, H. J. C. SWAN, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Hemodynamic studies were made 2 weeks after repair of tetralogy of Fallot in 18 cases and 2 months to 6 years after operation in 5 cases. Intracardiac and intravascular pressures, oxygen uptake, arteriovenous oxygen content difference, cardiac output, heart rate, stroke index, and pulmonary and systemic resistance were measured. Residual intracardiac shunts and residual pulmonary stenosis and incompetence were assessed. Results were compared with similar studies on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. Further insight into patterns of convalescence as well as into the favorable hemodynamic state usually pertaining after repair are provided by these data.
BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES ACCOMPANYING CORONARY OCCLUSION
Authors: LESLIE T. GAGER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In those patients, early described by Herrick, 1 who survive the occurrence of coronary thrombosis, a sudden fall of blood pressure is an event both of physiologic interest and of diagnostic significance. Besides the characteristic pain, and the pathognomonic but frequently undetected pericardial friction rub, the importance of a rapid fall in arterial tension was appreciated by Sir Clifford Allbutt, 2 in differentiating thrombosis from ordinary angina pectoris. More recently, the studies of Gorham 3 and of Gordinier 4 illustrate these blood pressure variations, and give them emphasis.  If we accept, from a physiologic point of view, 5 the division of hypotension into two groups, one an essential type consequent to cachexia or to habitus or constitution, and the second a functional type, due to transient factors, it will be found that for the latter there are relatively few causes. In the absence of hemorrhage, shock, infectious disease and excessive
Coronary Artery Surgery: A Critical Review
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Full of "dangerous ideas, i.e., those which raise doubts," this monograph challenges the widespread faith in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). By claiming to expose the "unscientific belief system and biased methodology" that nurtured its growth and by detailing weaknesses of publications "written with the certainty of a nuclear scientist and the methodology of an alchemist," the author rekindles scepticism about CABG. With this rekindling of doubt and insistence on proper verification, however, comes a responsibility to avoid the editorial double standard: in this regard, the book seriously suffers from one-sidedness. For example, more often than not, articles against the proved value of CABG are quoted without criticism. Meanwhile, studies that report objective clinical and physiological improvement after CABG are relentlessly attacked or misquoted. While such a bias against CABG may make some readers feel mistrustful of the book, even CABG enthusiasts will enjoy the sections covering the psychological and
Incorporation of Tumor-Targeting Peptides into Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Capsids
Authors: Mirta Grifman, Martin Trepel, Paul Speece, Luz Beatriz Gilbert, Wadih Arap, Renata Pasqualini, Matthew D. Weitzman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The human parvovirus adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) possesses many features that make it an attractive vector for gene delivery in vivo. However, its broad host range may limit its usefulness and effectivity in several gene therapy applications in which transgene expression needs to be limited to a specific organ or cell type. In this study, we explored the possibility of directing recombinant AAV-2 transduction by incorporating targeting peptides previously isolated by in vivo phage display. Two putative loops within the AAV-2 capsid were examined as sites for incorporation of peptides. We tested the effects of deleting these loops and different strategies for the incorporation of several targeting peptides. The tumor-targeting sequence NGRAHA and a Myc epitope control were incorporated either as insertions or as replacements of the original capsid sequence. Viruses were assessed for packaging, accessibility of incorporated peptides, heparin binding, and transduction in a range of cell lines. Whereas recombinant viruses containing mutant capsid proteins were produced efficiently, transduction of several cell lines was significantly impaired for most modifications. However, certain mutants containing the peptide motif NGR, which binds CD13 (a receptor expressed in angiogenic vasculature and in many tumor cell lines), displayed an altered tropism toward cells expressing this receptor. Based on this work and previous studies, possible strategies for achieving in vivo targeting of recombinant AAV-2 are discussed.
Successful treatment of Boerhaave syndrome with an over-the-scope clip
Authors: Carmen Musala, Pierre Eisendrath, Alexandre Brasseur, Jean-Louis Vincent, Serge Cappeliez, Olivier Moine, Jacques Devière, Arnaud Lemmers
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The standard of care for patients with Boerhaave syndrome, which has an estimated mortality rate of 20 % to 40 %, is a multidisciplinary approach based on conservative, endoscopic, or surgical treatment [1]. No consensus exists regarding the best strategy, and endoscopic stenting is a good alternative to surgery in selected cases [2] [3]. The use of over-the-scope clips (OTSCs) to manage gastrointestinal leaks and iatrogenic perforations has been reported, with good results [4]. Here, we report the successful endoscopic closure of a spontaneous esophageal rupture with an OTSC device.
Abstract OT2-6-14: Phase 2, single arm study of a steroid-based mouthwash to prevent stomatitis in women with hormone receptor–positive advanced breast cancer treated with everolimus plus exemestane
Authors: HS Rugo, MS Chambers, J Litton, I Mayer, J Rogerio, L Demars, J Geronimo, G Warsi, TF Meiller
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Stomatitis, the inflammation of mucous membranes lining the mouth and throat, is a frequent adverse event that is associated with the oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus and can significantly impact treatment adherence. Specific strategies to prevent and/or lessen the severity of everolimus-associated stomatitis are not well documented. Steroid mouthwashes and steroid gels or pastes used to treat recurrent aphthous stomatitis may be effective for stomatitis associated with everolimus. This phase 2, single-arm study will evaluate a steroid-based therapeutic intervention to prevent stomatitis (Grade ≥2) in breast cancer patients taking everolimus + exemestane. METHODS: Eligible participants will be patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer with no evidence of oral stomatitis or other oral pathology who have been prescribed everolimus + exemestane but have not yet started treatment. A baseline oral assessment will be conducted, and patients will be provided instructions on how to self-monitor for stomatitis, along with instructions to contact the study site at the first sign of oral pain or changes to the oral mucosa. All patients will be instructed to perform routine good oral care. Eligible patients will receive a steroid-based mouthwash (alcohol-free 0.5mg/5ml dexamethasone solution) prophylactically. Patients will be instructed to perform the mouthwash regimen four times per day and swish the mouthwash in mouth for a minimum of 120 seconds before spitting it out. Patients will be instructed to abstain from eating or drinking for at least an hour after taking the mouthwash. Mouthwash regimen will begin on the first day of everolimus after administration of the dose and patients will continue the regimen for the first 4 months of everolimus therapy. Primary endpoint is the incidence of stomatitis (Grade ≥2) at 2 months defined as meeting at least one of the following criteria: ≤50 on Normalcy of Diet Scale to assess oral intake and a rating of 7 on two consecutive days or a rating of 8, 9 or 10 on any one day using Visual Analog Scale to assess oral pain. Evidence of stomatitis must be confirmed by investigator on physical exam and/or phone call assessment. Secondary endpoints include average number of times per day the mouthwash regimen was performed and time to resolution of stomatitis (Grade ≥2) that occurs during the trial. Assuming a 13% absolute reduction in the rate of grade ≥ stomatitis from the historical control rate of 33% and one sided Type 1 error = 0.05 and power = 80%,73 evaluable patients will be needed. To account for 25% of the total patient population being non-evaluable, 97 patients will be enrolled for this study. Supported by funding from Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr OT2-6-14.
Late Results of Operation for Acquired Aortic Valvular Disease
Authors: DWIGHT C. MCGOON, F. HENRY ELLIS, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Of the 614 open-heart operations performed at the Mayo Clinic for acquired aortic valvular disease, 130 were performed on patients who also required repair of other valves. Review of the remaining 484 operations resulted in the following observations. Operation for acquired aortic valvular disease may now be accomplished with a hospital mortality rate of 4%. The incidence of late death and failure of patients to improve has averaged 44% for previously employed techniques of valvular repair. Failure of the valve or prosthesis to function properly was the most common cause of late failure after operations in which these earlier methods were used. In the 138 more recent cases, in which operations employing the aortic ball valve (Starr-Edwards prosthesis) were used, the incidence of late failure has been reduced to 14%, and failure of the prosthesis to function properly has not yet occurred in the absence of infection. Late bacterial endocarditis and thromboembolism were the most serious problems associated with use of the ball-valve prosthesis. In contrast with the late results of the former techniques, use of the ball valve has resulted in improvement for 79% of the patients; in the great majority of these there has been a dramatic return to normal living. Despite the highly satisfactory results of current methods, the fact that 14% of patients have already died after an initially successful operative result, and that another 12% have suffered complications causing their late result to be less than totally satisfactory, indicates that the policy of recommending for operation only those patients who have significant and progressive cardiac disability should be continued.
Cough Test to Assess Cardiovascular Autonomic Reflexes in Diabetes
Authors: Claudio Cardone, Paola Paiusco, Giampaolo Marchetti, Francesco Burelli, Maria Feruglio, Domenico Fedele
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Coughing induces cardioacceleratory responses under cholinergic control. The Cough Test (CT), a standardized test that uses a series of coughs with electrocardiographic monitoring, was used to assess the functional integrity of cardiovascular autonomic nerves. In 224 control subjects and 235 diabetic patients, heart-rate (HR) responses were compared with four established tests: lying to standing (LS), standing to lying (SL), deep breathing (DB), and Valsalva maneuver (VM). In control subjects, HR responses declined significantly with age in a curvilinear pattern. Logtransformed indices were used to estimate percentiles. The CT-HR responses were reproducible and significantly associated with other HR-response tests. Sixty-nine (29%) diabetic patients had an abnormal value ≤1st percentile, whereas only 2 control subjects had such an abnormality. Among diabetic patients, age and duration of diabetes exerted a significant negative influence. With the use of the criteria of two abnormal or one abnormal and two borderline tests (among CT, LS, SL, DB, or VM) as a minimal criteria for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, CT and LS had the least overlap between the control and diabetic populations and were significantly better than SL or VM (P &amp;lt; 0.005 for CT, P &amp;lt; 0.01 for LS). They were not different from DB. We found the CT to be simple to perform, reproducible, and useful for the assessment of cardiovascular autonomic reflexes.
Allergen-induced late-phase airways obstruction in the pig: mediator release and eosinophil recruitment
Authors: C Fornhem, M Kumlin, JM Lundberg, K Alving
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The aim of this study was to develop a novel model for studies of mediator mechanisms involved in the late asthmatic reaction in the lower airways, by using the sensitized pig. The release of histamine and cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes (cys-LTs), as well as the levels of inflammatory cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, were determined and their relationship to plasma cortisol levels and pulmonary airways obstruction was noted. Specific-pathogen free pigs were actively sensitized with Ascaris suum allergen, and one group of animals was treated with a cortisol-synthesis inhibitor (metyrapone) by constant intravenous infusion. Ascaris suum allergen was nebulized into the lower airways and total lung resistance, blood leucocyte count and urinary levels of methylhistamine and leukotriene E4 (LTE4) were followed for 8 h, whereafter bronchoalveolar lavage was performed for analysis of leucocytes. An increase in urinary methylhistamine and LTE4 was seen during the acute allergic reaction in both groups of pigs. Metyrapone treatment prolonged the acute release of histamine, and this was seen together with a prolonged acute bronchoconstrictor response. In metyrapone-treated pigs, a continuous release over 8 h was seen for cys-LTs, but not for histamine. A late blood eosinophilia was also seen in metyrapone-treated animals, starting 4-6 h after allergen challenge. Late cys-LT release and eosinophilia were absent in non-metyrapone-treated animals. These results suggest that allergen-induced late release of cys-LTs as well as blood eosinophilia occur simultaneously with late-phase airways obstruction in the pig, and that all these reactions are prevented by high levels of endogenous cortisol.
Pigmented spindle cell naevus
Authors: L. REQUENA, E.SANCHEZ YUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

We report 22 cases of pigmented spindle cell naevus (PSCN). The usual appearance of these naevi is that of a heavily pigmented papule found mostly on the legs of young patients. Histologically, PSCN was characterized by symmetrical proliferation of spindle-shaped pigmented melanocytes grouped in large junctional nests. Pagetoid spread of single cells in the overlying epidermis was frequently found. In our opinion, PSCN is a distinctive benign acquired melanocytic naevus that in the past has been frequently misdiagnosed as atypical Spitz naevi or malignant melanoma.
Abstract 2029: Rictor regulates FBXW7-dependent c-Myc and cyclin E degradation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zheng Guo, Yuning Zhou, Mark Evers, Qingding Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Rictor (Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR) forms a complex with mTOR and phosphorylates and activates Akt. Activation of Akt induces expression of c-Myc and cyclin E, which are overexpressed in colorectal cancer and play an important role in colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Here, we show that rictor associates with FBXW7 to form an E3 complex participating in the regulation of c-Myc and cyclin E degradation. The Rictor-FBXW7 complex is biochemically distinct from the previously reported mTORC2 and can be immunoprecipitated independently of mTORC2. Moreover, disruption of the interaction between rictor and FBXW7 by knockdown of rictor increased FBXW7 ubiquitination and degradation. Knocking down of rictor in serum-deprived colorectal cancer cells results in the decreased ubiquitination and increased protein levels of c-Myc and cyclin E while overexpression of rictor induces the degradation of c-Myc and cyclin E proteins. Genetic knockout of FBXW7 blunts the effects of rictor, suggesting that rictor regulation of c-Myc and cyclin E requires FBXW7. Our findings identify rictor as an important component of FBXW7 E3 ligase complex participating in the regulation of c-Myc and cyclin E protein ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, our results suggest that elevated growth factor signaling may contribute to decrease Rictor/FBXW7-mediated ubiquitination of c-Myc and cyclin E, thus leading to accumulation of cyclin E and c-Myc in colorectal cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2029. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2029
Nrf2-dependent upregulation of antioxidative enzymes: a novel pathway for proteasome inhibitor-mediated cardioprotection
Authors: H. Dreger, K. Westphal, A. Weller, G. Baumann, V. Stangl, S. Meiners, K. Stangl
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

We have shown previously that non-toxic inhibition of the ubiquitin–proteasome system upregulates antioxidative defence mechanisms and protects endothelial cells from oxidative stress. Here, we have addressed the question whether the induction of antioxidative enzymes contributes to cardioprotection by non-toxic proteasome inhibition. Treatment with 0.5 µmol/L MG132 for 48 h proved to be non-toxic and protected neonatal rat cardiac myocytes against H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in lactate dehydrogenase assays. This correlated with reduced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species as determined by loading myocytes with dichlorofluorescein. Immunoblots showed significant upregulation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), haem oxygenase 1, and catalase upon proteasome inhibition. Luciferase assays using a reporter driven by the SOD1 promoter revealed proteasome inhibitor-mediated induction of luciferase activity. Deletion and mutation analyses identified an antioxidant response element (ARE) in the SOD1 promoter to be not only essential but also sufficient for transcriptional upregulation by proteasome inhibition. An essential role for the antioxidative transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)—which was stabilized by proteasome inhibition—in ARE-mediated transcriptional activation was revealed in cardiac myocytes from Nrf2 wild-type and knockout mice: proteasome inhibition upregulated antioxidative enzymes and conferred protection against H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in Nrf2 wild-type cells. In contrast, the induction of antioxidative enzymes and cytoprotection were completely abolished in cardiac myocytes from Nrf2 knockout mice. Non-toxic proteasome inhibition upregulates antioxidative enzymes via an Nrf2-dependent transcriptional activation of AREs and confers cardioprotection.
Expression of CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor α chain) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia predicts for the presence of BCR/ABL fusion transcripts: results of a preliminary laboratory analysis of ECOG/MRC Intergroup Study E2993
Authors: E Paietta, J Racevskis, D Neuberg, JM Rowe, AH Goldstone, PH Wiernik
Journal: Leukemia (1997)