tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
APOLIPOPROTEIN B SYNTHESIS INHIBITION BY MIPOMERSEN REDUCES LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL WHEN ADDED TO MAXIMALLY TOLERATED LIPID-LOWERING MEDICATION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HETEROZYGOUS HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Jean Claude Tardif, Mary McGowan, Richard Ceska, Lesley J. Burgess, Handrean Soran, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Gilbert Wagener, Scott Chasan-Taber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Emotions as mind organs
Authors: Beatrice de Gelder, Mathieu Vandenbulcke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract In matters of the mind, the opposition between what is mind-made or inside and natural or outside the mind is bound to misfire. Lindquist et al. build their analysis on a strong contrast between naturalism, which they reject, and psychologism, which they endorse. We challenge this opposition and indicate how adopting psychologism to combat a naturalistic view of emotional mind/brain areas is self-defeating. We briefly develop the alternative view of emotions as mental organs.
The Treatment of Snake-Bite Poisoning
Authors: L. A. Chotkowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

IT IS indeed a rare occasion when a physician in New England is called upon to treat a bona fide case of snake-bite poisoning although the same statement certainly cannot be made of the false alarm.The following experience is related not primarily to suggest an ideal routine for handling poisonous snake bites, but rather to call attention to the fact that such cases can occur in New England and to suggest that there should be in the mind of every physician a rational plan for emergency and definitive therapy. The opinions of others with extensive experience in this problem . . .
Increased Risk of Mucinous Neoplasm of the Appendix in Adults Undergoing Interval Appendectomy
Authors: Matthew J. Furman, Mitchell Cahan, Philip Cohen, Laura A. Lambert
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

The role of interval appendectomy after conservative management of perforated appendicitis remains controversial. Determining the etiology of perforated appendicitis is one reason to perform interval appendectomies.To determine whether adult patients undergoing interval appendectomy experience an increased rate of neoplasms.Retrospective study.A single tertiary care institution.All patients 18 years or older who underwent appendectomy for presumed appendicitis from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2010. EXPOSURES Appendectomy for presumed appendicitis.Underlying neoplasm as the cause of presentation for presumed appendicitis. Demographic data, clinicopathologic characteristics, interval resection rate, and complication data were collected and analyzed.During the study period, 376 patients underwent appendectomies. Interval appendectomy was performed in 17 patients (4.5%). Neoplasms were identified in 14 patients (3.7%); 5 of those tumors occurred in patients who had undergone interval appendectomy (29.4%). Nine neoplasms were mucinous tumors (64.3%), including all neoplasms associated with interval appendectomies. The mean age of all patients with appendiceal tumors was 49 years (range, 35-74 years).Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix were found in 5 of 17 patients (29.4%) undergoing interval appendectomy. Interval appendectomies should be considered in all adult patients, especially those 40 years or older, to determine the underlying cause of appendicitis. A multi-institutional study to determine the generalizability of these findings is warranted.
Intraventricular Pressure and the Distribution of Coronary Blood Flow
Authors: RENATO CUTARELLI, MATTHEW N. LEVY, Harrison Zieske, Geroldine Nelson
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The subepicardial: subsendocardial ratio of Rb 86 contents was measured and used as an index of the distribution of coronary blood flow to the more superficial and deeper layers of the canine myocardium. In the normally beating heart, the level of intraventricular pressure did not exert any detectable influence upon this ratio of Rb 86 contents. In the fibrillating heart, or in an ischemic (and presumably non-beating) region of the beating heart, on the other hand, this ratio increased as intraventricular pressure was progressively raised. It is concluded, therefore, that the intraventricular pressure exerts a significant influence upon the distribution of blood flow to the deeper and more superficial layers of myocardium only in regions which are not beating normally.
Early Clinical Evaluation of the Intravenous Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction with Anisoylated Plasminogen Streptokinase Activator Complex
Authors: W. Kasper, Th. Meinertz, H. Wollschläger, T. Bonzel, C. Chen, T. Hofmann, A. Zeiher, H. Drexler, H. Just
Journal: Drugs (1987)
C3a and C5a receptor antagonists ameliorate endothelial-myofibroblast transition via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Ling Li, Lijia Chen, Jing Zang, Xi Tang, Yan Liu, Jie Zhang, Lin Bai, Qinghua Yin, Yanrong Lu, Jingqiu Cheng, Ping Fu, Fang Liu
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Motor Vehicle Accidents in the United States (1906-1964)
Authors: Robert E. Markush
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Since 1906, in the United States, the under-1-year and 15- to 24-year age groups have had an increasing number of deaths due to motor vehicle accident. The death rates for most other age groups have been declining since the late 1920's and 1930's. This decrease has been most marked for the elderly. The trends suggest that the 1960 cohort will experience its lowest death rates at ages 5 to 14 and its peak rates at ages 15 to 24. They also suggest several hypotheses, such as associations of mortality with inexperience and insufficient concern for self-preservation, that may have direct significance to prevention of deaths.
PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS SERIES—GAIT AND MUSCULO-SKELETAL DISORDERS
Authors: William T. Green
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Normal gait is described in the first part of the film, following which different muscle paralyses are demonstrated. The diagnostic signs of spasticity, hemiplegia, congenital dislocation of the hip, slipped epiphysis, musculorum deformans, muscular dystrophy, and painful gait are analyzed.
Cognitive algebra versus representativeness heuristic
Authors: Norman H. Anderson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Cognitive algebra strongly disproved the representativeness heuristic almost before it was published; and therewith it also disproved the base rate fallacy. Cognitive algebra provides a theoretical foundation for judgment-decision theory through its joint solution to the two fundamental problems – true measurement of subjective values, and cognitive rules for integration of multiple determinants.
Glucose Intolerance in Colombia: A population-based survey in an urban community
Authors: Pablo Aschner, Hilary King, Mercedes Triana De Torrado, Bianca Marina Rodriguez
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To determine the prevalence of diabetes and its relationship to age and obesity in an urban community in Colombia. Research Design and Methods— A cluster sample of 670 adults ≥ 30 yr of age was selected from the city of Santafè de Bogotá. Classification of diabetes and IGT was according to WHO criteria. Results— Response to the survey, conducted in 1988–1989, was 71% for men and 84% for women. Prevalence of diabetes was 7% in both sexes. Prevalence of IGT was 5% in men and 7% in women. Age-standardized prevalence of diabetes in the 30- to 64-yr age range was comparable with that reported in urban Brazilians and rural Hispanics in the U.S.. Prevalence was higher than in the white population of the U.S. but lower than in several urban U.S. Hispanic communities. Some 40% of men and 30% of women with diabetes were unaware of their condition before the survey, but all those &amp;lt;50 yr of age were diagnosed previously. Glucose intolerance was associated with high BMI in men and with advancing age in both sexes. Conclusions— Glucose intolerance is common in this community and will likely increase in frequency in Colombians with further urbanization and population aging.
Court-Ordered Care — A Complication of Pregnancy to Avoid
Authors: Julie D. Cantor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interview with Dr. Julie Cantor on court-ordered care for pregnant women in the United States. (00:00)Download Recently, a Florida court ordered a pregnant woman to follow doctors' orders to remain hospitalized for her last trimester of pregnancy. Such forced care during pregnancy is less rare than one might imagine. But should pregnancy diminish women's right to refuse care?
The Chicken Man
Authors: Shelley Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Ad Libitum15 October 1992The Chicken ManShelley Jones, MDShelley Jones, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-8-695 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHe came down off the mountain with chest pain and an aching in his gums. It had been years since his last trip to town. That was when his sister had the shingles on her leg and couldn't stand to drive the truck. He wouldn't have gone then, except they had run out of chicken feed. Today, when his color turned pale and he told Buena he thought he might die, she insisted she bring him to the doctor.He sat on the passenger's side cradling his left arm as if it were broken. As they turned from the rutted... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byVitamins, 3. Vitamin D 15 October 1992Volume 117, Issue 8Page: 695-695KeywordsIschemiaShingles ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 October 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reduced adiponectin signaling due to weight gain results in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through impaired mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Priya Handa, Bryan D. Maliken, James E. Nelson, Vicki Morgan-Stevenson, Donald J. Messner, Barjinderjit K. Dhillon, Heather M. Klintworth, Mary Beauchamp, Matthew M. Yeh, Clinton T. Elfers, Christian L. Roth, Kris V. Kowdley
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Obesity and adiponectin depletion have been associated with the occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The goal of this study was to identify the relationship between weight gain, adiponectin signaling, and development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in an obese, diabetic mouse model. Leptin-receptor deficient (Lepr(db/db) ) and C57BL/6 mice were administered a diet high in unsaturated fat (HF) (61%) or normal chow for 5 or 10 weeks. Liver histology was evaluated using steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning scores. Serum, adipose tissue, and liver were analyzed for changes in metabolic parameters, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein levels. Lepr(db/db) HF mice developed marked obesity, hepatic steatosis, and more than 50% progressed to NASH at each timepoint. Serum adiponectin level demonstrated a strong inverse relationship with body mass (r = -0.82; P < 0.0001) and adiponectin level was an independent predictor of NASH (13.6 μg/mL; P < 0.05; area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) = 0.84). White adipose tissue of NASH mice was characterized by increased expression of genes linked to oxidative stress, macrophage infiltration, reduced adiponectin, and impaired lipid metabolism. HF lepr (db/db) NASH mice exhibited diminished hepatic adiponectin signaling evidenced by reduced levels of adiponectin receptor-2, inactivation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and decreased expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation (Cox4, Nrf1, Pgc1α, Pgc1β and Tfam). In contrast, recombinant adiponectin administration up-regulated the expression of mitochondrial genes in AML-12 hepatocytes, with or without lipid-loading.Lepr(db/db) mice fed a diet high in unsaturated fat develop weight gain and NASH through adiponectin depletion, which is associated with adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. We propose that this murine model of NASH may provide novel insights into the mechanism for development of human NASH.
Case 46-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A sixty-one-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of mental deterioration and tremor. The patient was well until approximately six weeks before entry, when dizziness and a staggering gait developed. Extreme agitation and restlessness occurred, and he became unable to write because of a tremor of the right hand. His wife noticed that his speech slowed and that he became forgetful, often repeating recent statements. She also reported frequent crying, depression and talk of his death. All the symptoms rapidly increased in severity, and shortly before admission he was unable to walk or care for himself . . .
Italian doctors behind an unproved stem cell therapy face prosecution
Authors: F. Turone
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A group of doctors, scientists, and hospital directors have been accused by the prosecutor of Turin of administering an untested and potentially dangerous treatment involving stem cells to hundreds of people in defiance of safety and administrative regulations.

Twenty people have been accused, including a top official at the Italian Medicines Agency Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco and Davide Vannoni, the self proclaimed inventor of the controversial so called Stamina method that uses mesenchymal stem cells to treat neurological diseases such as metachromatic leukodystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. The “method” is owned by the private Stamina Foundation.

The prosecutor …
Agonistic induction of PPARγ reverses cigarette smoke–induced emphysema
Authors: Ming Shan, Ran You, Xiaoyi Yuan, Michael V. Frazier, Paul Porter, Alexander Seryshev, Jeong-Soo Hong, Li-zhen Song, Yiqun Zhang, Susan Hilsenbeck, Lawrence Whitehead, Nazanin Zarinkamar, Sarah Perusich, David B. Corry, Farrah Kheradmand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The development of emphysema in humans and mice exposed to cigarette smoke is promoted by activation of an adaptive immune response. Lung myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) derived from cigarette smokers activate autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells. mDC-dependent activation of T cell subsets requires expression of the SPP1 gene, which encodes osteopontin (OPN), a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in autoimmune responses. The upstream molecular events that promote SPP1 expression and activate mDCs in response to smoke remain unknown. Here, we show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG/Pparg) expression was downregulated in mDCs of smokers with emphysema and mice exposed to chronic smoke. Conditional knockout of PPARγ in APCs using Cd11c-Cre Pparg(flox/flox) mice led to spontaneous lung inflammation and emphysema that resembled the phenotype of smoke-exposed mice. The inflammatory phenotype of Cd11c-Cre Pparg(flox/flox) mice required OPN, suggesting an antiinflammatory mechanism in which PPARγ negatively regulates Spp1 expression in the lung. A 2-month treatment with a PPARγ agonist reversed emphysema in WT mice despite continual smoke exposure. Furthermore, endogenous PPARγ agonists were reduced in the plasma of smokers with emphysema. These findings reveal a proinflammatory pathway, in which reduced PPARγ activity promotes emphysema, and suggest that targeting this pathway in smokers could prevent and reverse emphysema.
IVY POISONING: ITS PREVENTIVE TREATMENT
Authors: Fred D. Weidman
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, August 8, page 456, McNair critically reviews our report on the preventive treatment of ivy poisoning. As I directed the studies which, he says, should have been "more scientifically conducted," the duty is mine to point out wherein McNair has not quite grasped the situation. McNair is the author of a monographic treatise on<i>Rhus</i>dermatitis which covers all its phases and includes much original work; apparently he has not perceived the difference between the scope of a monograph and a report like ours, designed to be printed in a publication such asThe Journal. Our communication reported our facts to the general medical practitioner, facts of which the doctor could avail himself in his approach to the problem of human welfare. Findings of more abstruse scientific interest could be pointed out only in passing. We did not pretend to exhaust all the ramifications—indeed,
Corticosteroids in acute traumatic brain injury
Authors: David W Newell, Nancy R Temkin, Ross Bullock, Sung Choi
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—The findings of the systematic review of randomised controlled trials of corticosteroids in acute traumatic brain injury1 are in keeping with the conclusions reached by the Committee for Guidelines for the Management of Severe Head Injury, based in the United States. They indicate that the available evidence does not show a benefit of corticosteroids in acute severe traumatic brain injury.2 The guidelines committee therefore recommended that corticosteroids should not be given routinely to patients with severe head injury.

We are puzzled why the authors state that considerable uncertainty remains over the effect of corticosteroids and recommend that a trial requiring 20 000 participants is justified. The meta-analysis showed that the odds ratio for death was 0.91, corresponding to a pooled absolute risk reduction for death in head injured patients treated with steroids of 1.8%, which was far from being significant. Moreover, the subgroup analysis, which analysed trials with only the highest quality of concealment of allocation (blinding), showed that …
BAG-4/SODD and Associated Antiapoptotic Proteins Are Linked to Aggressiveness of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Christina M. Annunziata, Lilach Kleinberg, Ben Davidson, Aasmund Berner, David Gius, Nana Tchabo, Seth M. Steinberg, Elise C. Kohn
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: We hypothesized that elevated expression in ovarian cancer of the BAG family of prosurvival proteins and associated partners would be associated with clinical features of aggressiveness in ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: Expression patterns of BAG-1, BAG-3, BAG-4, and Bcl-xL were determined by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue samples obtained at diagnosis from 28 women with stage III or stage IV ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide after initial cytoreduction. Association of these proteins, BAG-6, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), Hsp27, and Bcl-2, with clinical variables was tested in ovarian cancer tissue arrays from Gynecologic Oncology Group tissue bank. Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between elevated cytoplasmic expression of BAG-4 and improved overall (P = 0.0002) and progression-free survival (P = 0.003) in the prospectively collected samples. Bcl-2 staining was significantly more frequent on the tissue array in lower stage (P = 0.005) and grade (P = 0.0009) tumors, whereas Hsp70 was prominent in higher grade cases (P = 0.002). Furthermore, Bcl-xL was more closely associated with serous compared with endometrioid ovarian cancers (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Unexpectedly, cytoplasmic expression of BAG-4 and Bcl-2 marked less aggressive ovarian cancer, whereas nuclear Hsp70 suggested more aggressive behavior. Bcl-xL may play a more prominent function in the pathology of serous histology ovarian cancers compared with the endometrioid subtype. The findings presented here support involvement of these proteins in the propagation of ovarian cancer and provide a basis for the development of molecular therapeutics modulating these survival pathways.
Biliary epithelial cells regulate autoreactive T cells: Implications for biliary-specific diseases
Authors: Takashi Kamihira, Shinji Shimoda, Minoru Nakamura, Teruhumi Yokoyama, Yasushi Takii, Akira Kawano, Mizuki Handa, Hiromi Ishibashi, Eric M. Gershwin, Mine Harada
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The biliary epithelial cell (BEC) is the target for several human immune mediated liver diseases, including primary biliary cirrhosis, but it is not always clear whether the BEC functions as an accessory cell or an antigen presenting cell, although it is well documented that BECs express high levels of human leukocyte antigen Class II, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3. To examine this issue, we established autoreactive T-cell clones from human leukocyte antigen-DR53 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and characterized BEC function as a function of the ability of BECs to regulate T-cell activation. We report herein that BEC-mediated T-cell activation occurs partially via programmed death 1 ligands in a cell-contact-dependent manner. Further, such activation occurs via prostaglandin E2 production in a cell-contact-independent fashion. Moreover, the production of prostaglandin E2 was partially controlled by interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In conclusion, the regulatory activities of BECs are important for the maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. Further, modulation of BEC function may be used for therapeutic modulation.
Syphilis Therapy Still Imperfect
Authors: Fred Levit
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The articles by Tramont and by Mohr et al that appear in this issue ofThe Journal(pp 2206 and 2208, respectively) may call into serious question our present methods of treating all but primary syphilis. A patient with the spirochetemia of secondary syphilis must be assumed to have had spirochetes delivered to almost all of his tissues. It has also been assumed that the treatment schedules now used for secondary syphilis would be adequate treatment to prevent late syphilis. This, it now appears, may not be so. Of course, finding that penicillin G benzathine does not reach the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is not exactly the same as saying that it has failed to cure the disease. Similarly, finding some spirochetes in the CSF is not exactly the same as saying that the patient has active or progressive disease. Nevertheless, no physician who now has the responsibility of treating syphilis
The WNT antagonist Dickkopf2 promotes angiogenesis in rodent and human endothelial cells
Authors: Jeong-Ki Min, Hongryeol Park, Hyun-Jung Choi, Yonghak Kim, Bo-Jeong Pyun, Vijayendra Agrawal, Byeong-Wook Song, Jongwook Jeon, Yong-Sun Maeng, Seung-Sik Rho, Sungbo Shim, Jin-Ho Chai, Bon-Kyoung Koo, Hyo Jeong Hong, Chae-Ok Yun, Chulhee Choi, Young-Myoung Kim, Ki-Chul Hwang, Young-Guen Kwon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Neovessel formation is a complex process governed by the orchestrated action of multiple factors that regulate EC specification and dynamics within a growing vascular tree. These factors have been widely exploited to develop therapies for angiogenesis-related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and tumor growth and metastasis. WNT signaling has been implicated in the regulation and development of the vascular system, but the detailed mechanism of this process remains unclear. Here, we report that Dickkopf1 (DKK1) and Dickkopf2 (DKK2), originally known as WNT antagonists, play opposite functional roles in regulating angiogenesis. DKK2 induced during EC morphogenesis promoted angiogenesis in cultured human endothelial cells and in in vivo assays using mice. Its structural homolog, DKK1, suppressed angiogenesis and was repressed upon induction of morphogenesis. Importantly, local injection of DKK2 protein significantly improved tissue repair, with enhanced neovascularization in animal models of both hind limb ischemia and myocardial infarction. We further showed that DKK2 stimulated filopodial dynamics and angiogenic sprouting of ECs via a signaling cascade involving LRP6-mediated APC/Asef2/Cdc42 activation. Thus, our findings demonstrate the distinct functions of DKK1 and DKK2 in controlling angiogenesis and suggest that DKK2 may be a viable therapeutic target in the treatment of ischemic vascular diseases.