tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microvillus Inclusion Disease: An Inherited Defect of Brush-Border Assembly and Differentiation
Authors: Ernest Cutz, J. Marc Rhoads, Brendan Drumm, Philip M. Sherman, Peter R. Durie, Gordon G. Forstner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

IN 1978 we described a group of infants who presented with an apparently familial enteropathy characterized by protracted diarrhea from birth and hypoplastic villous atrophy.1 Electron microscopical examination of surface enterocytes in a jejunal biopsy specimen from one of these patients revealed peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions composed of neatly arranged brush-border microvilli. Similar intracytoplasmic inclusions have since been reported in five other infants, all of whom had protracted diarrhea starting at or soon after birth.2 3 4 The constellation of early protracted diarrhea with enterocyte microvillus inclusions has been called congenital microvillus atrophy,2 , 3 congenital familial protracted diarrhea with enterocyte brush-border abnormalities, or Davidson's . . .
Abstract P6-09-06: Oral Contraceptive Use and Overall Breast Disease Risk: Cross Sectional Retrospective Study
Authors: AS Hamy, A Agopian, R Porcher, S Giacchetti, A de Roquancourt, M. Espié
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Oral contraception (OC) is one of the most widely used means for birth control in the world. In several studies, OC has been associated with a slightly increased risk of breast cancer in current user, and with a decreased risk of benign disease. Little is known about atypical high risk lesions. Our goal was to investigate whether OC use was a risk factor or a protective factor for benign, high risk or malignant breast lesions. Material and methods : From 2001 to 2007, all non-palpable breast lesions referred to biopsy or cytology in Saint Louis hospital were prospectively registered. Demographic and clinical data including oral contraceptive pill use extent were reported. We defined benign lesions (fibroadenoma, blunt duct adenosis, fibrocystic changes, epithelial hyperplasia, others), high risk lesions (atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ and malignant lesions (ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma). The aim was to analyse the correlation between the duration of OC use and the occurrence of the breast disease classified by histology groups. Patients with previous history of benign breast disease or malignancy were excluded. Results: The analysis was performed on 1329 breast lesions. The breakdown of the lesions were as follows: 819 benign lesions (fibroadenoma n=155, blunt duct adenosis n=169, fibrocystic disease n=194, epithelial hyperplasia n=132, others n=170), 104 high risk lesions (atypical ductal hyperplasia n=54, atypical lobular hyperplasia n=29, lobular carcinoma in situ n=21), and 406 malignant lesions (ductal carcinoma in situ n=158, invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma n=248). The duration of oral contraception use was not significantly associated with the occurrence of benign, high risk or malignant breast disease. When focusing on benign lesion subtypes, no association was observed either. Older age was significantly correlated to the occurrence of atypia or carcinoma. Significant difference existed in the median age of apparition 55 y.o and 57 y.o respectively, versus 53 y.o for benign lesion (p&amp;lt; 0,0001), as well as menopausal status at diagnosis (57.7% and 68.3%, respectively, versus 53% for benign lesion) (p&amp;lt; 0,0001). Conclusion: In this cross sectional retrospective study, the duration of OC use was not associated with differential occurrence of benign, high risk and malignant breast lesion. Although a lack of statistical power may be invoked to explain the results, we are called to believe that the magnitude of an effect of OC use is small, if ever it exists. Results [Table 1] Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-06.
Multifunctional silica nanotubes for dual-modality gene delivery and MR imaging
Authors: Ran Namgung, Yuhai Zhang, Qi Ling Fang, Kaushik Singha, Hwa Jeong Lee, Il Keun Kwon, Yong Yeon Jeong, In-Kyu Park, Sang Jun Son, Won Jong Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Myeloperoxidase-dependent effect of amines on functions of isolated neutrophils.
Authors: E L Thomas, M B Grisham, M M Jefferson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Isolated neutrophilic leukocytes were incubated with primary amines and related nitrogenous compounds. Stimulation of neutrophil oxygen (O2) metabolism with phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan resulted in production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chloride (C1-) to hypochlorous acid (HOC1), and the reaction of HOC1 with the added compounds to yield nitrogen-chlorine (N-C1) derivatives. Formation of N-C1 derivatives of low lipid solubility resulted in accumulation of the derivatives in the extracellular medium. These oxidizing agents were identified and measured on the basis of their absorption spectra and their ability to oxidize 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid to the disulfide form. The yield of N-Cl derivatives was in the order: taurine greater than Tris greater than spermidine greater than spermine greater than glucosamine greater than putrescine greater than guanidinoacetate. Accumulation of N-C1 derivatives was also observed in the absence of added amines, owing to the reaction of HOC1 with endogenous taurine and other amines that were released from the cells into the medium. In the presence of compounds that yield lipophilic N-C1 derivatives, little or no accumulation of oxidizing agents was observed. Instead, these compounds inhibited the accumulation of N-C1 derivatives that was obtained with taurine, and their effect was competitive with taurine. Inhibition was in the order: methylamine greater than ethanolamine greater than phenylethylamine greater than p-toluenesulfonamide greater than ammonia greater than guanidine. Formation of lipophilic N-C1 derivatives also resulted in inhibition of O2 uptake and glucose metabolism. Inhibition was prevented by adding catalase to eliminate H2O2, dapsone to inhibit myeloperoxidase, taurine to compete for reaction with HOC1, or compounds that are rapidly oxidized by HOC1 or N-C1 derivatives, to reduce these oxidizing agents. The results indicate that: (a) formation of N-C1 derivatives that do not penetrate biological membranes can protect leukocytes against the cytotoxicity of HOC1 and lipophilic N-C1 derivatives, and (b) formation of membrane-permeable N-C1 derivatives in the absence of target cells or readily oxidized substances results in oxidative attack by the N-C1 derivatives on leukocyte components and inhibition of leukocyte functions.
Laws Ban Minors' Tobacco Purchases, but Enforcement Is Another Matter
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

GREGORY CONNOLLY, DMD, says that recently, on his way to give a speech about tobacco and minors, he stopped into a local convenience store in Massachusetts to buy a soft drink. A 15-year-old boy in front of him in the checkout line was buying a pack of Marlboros. Connolly says he decided to speak up, though he claims he is usually not the type to be so bold. The clerk, he says, "laughed." Connolly repeated himself. There is a law against the sale of tobacco to minors in Massachusetts, he said. Again, the clerk laughed, and told him that there was no such law. So, Connolly pulled out his badge as director of the Office for Nonsmoking and Health of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. He threatened to call the police. At this point, Connolly says, "It turned into something like out of a Woody Allen movie. It was
Differential Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease by X-Ray
Authors: Guy R. Matthew
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Directed toward the practicing physician, this book is designed to provide a ready reference for correlating roentgenographic abnormalities with clinical material and laboratory examinations. It deals with both congenital and acquired cardiovascular disorders.  Chapter 1 is a textbook-like discussion of roentgenographic techniques and special procedures involved in the analysis of lesions of the heart and great vessels. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 are lists of disorders categorized according to the abnormalities which they have produced, eg, conditions associated with abnormal heart size, chamber size, or cardiac position. Some 130 disease entities, ranging from scurvy to the Taussig-Bing syndrome, are summarized in chapter 5 with short descriptions of the x-ray findings and associated clinical and laboratory information. Following the written material, an Atlas of X-ray Plates occupies the last 100 of the book's 183 pages and is intended to be used in conjunction with chapter 1.  Although there are many properly
Determination of Angiographic (TIMI Grade) Blood Flow by Intracoronary Doppler Flow Velocity During Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Morton J. Kern, Joseph A. Moore, Frank V. Aguirre, Richard G. Bach, Eugene A. Caracciolo, Thomas Wolford, Alexander F. Khoury, Carol Mechem, Thomas J. Donohue
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background This study compared angiographically graded coronary blood flow with intracoronary Doppler flow velocity in patients during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for acute myocardial infarction. Different TIMI angiographic flow grades (flow grades based on results of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction trial) have been associated with different clinical results after reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction. However, intracoronary blood flow velocity has not been compared with the angiographic method of determining flow grade in patients. Methods and Results Coronary flow velocity (measured by use of a Doppler guidewire) during primary or rescue PTCA in 41 acute myocardial infarction patients was compared with TIMI grade and cineframes-to-opacification count. Before PTCA, 34 patients had TIMI grade 0 or 1, 5 had TIMI grade 2, and 2 had TIMI grade 3 flow in the infarct artery. Flow velocity was similar among patients with TIMI grades 0, 1, or 2 but was lower than in those with TIMI grade 3 flow (9.4±5.4 versus 16.0±5.4 cm/s for TIMI grades ≤2 versus TIMI grade 3, respectively; P &lt;.05). After PTCA, 1 patient had TIMI grade 1, 5 had TIMI 2, and 35 had TIMI 3 flow. Poststenotic flow velocity increased from 6.6±6.1 to 20.0±11.1 cm/s ( P &lt;.01). TIMI grade 3 flow increased to 21.8±10.9 cm/s ( P &lt;.05 versus before PTCA). Although post-PTCA flow velocity correlated with angiographic cineframes-to-opacification count ( r =.45; P &lt;.02) for TIMI grade 3, there was a large overlap with TIMI grades ≤2 that had low flow velocity (&lt;20 cm/s). Nine of 11 clinical events (unstable angina and coronary artery bypass graft surgery) occurred in patients with low coronary flow velocity. Conclusions Determination of flow velocity after reperfusion may enhance patient characterization and provide the physiological rationale for clinical variations after reperfusion therapy.
Abstract 5547: EF24 attenuates radiation-regulated eNOS→NO-dependent NFκB-mediated matrix metalloproteinases in human neuroblastoma
Authors: Rakhesh Madhusoodhanan, Jamunarani Veeraraghavan, Mohan Natarajan, Terence S. Herman, Vibhudutta Awasthi, Natarajan Aravindan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We recently reported that radiation (IR) induced NFκB in neuroblastoma cells and treatment with curcumin impedes the activation of NFκB and enhance IR-induced cell death. However, full potential of curcumin is yet to be realized because of its poor bioavailability. This prompted us to investigate the efficacy of a more potent synthetic analogue, EF24 in inhibiting IR-induced NFκB dependent cell survival and tumor progression and delineated the functional mechanism involved. Human SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells, either exposed to 2Gy or treated with 100nM EF24 were exposed to IR and examined after 1h, 3, 6, 24, 48 or 72h. IR profoundly inhibited both eNOS phosphorylation and transcriptional activation. Consistently, IR reduced the bioavailability of NO. EMSA analysis showed a robust and persistent NFκB activation at least up to 72h in IR exposed cells. eNOS inhibition (L-NAME) and NO induction (GSNO) studies demonstrated the influence of IR-regulated eNOS and NO in NFκB activation. Furthermore, IR significantly induced transcriptional levels of MMP-1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 14 in neuroblastoma cells. NFκB knock-out (using RelA siRNA) or forced expression of NF-kB (p50, p65 over expression) exhibits that IR-induced NFκB mediates MMPs activation. Conversely, EF24 treatment significantly reverted IR-negated eNOS activity and enhanced NO availability in the cells. Moreover, EF24 profoundly inhibited IR-induced NFκB and this induced inhibition was sustained at least up to 72h. eNOS inhibition studies with EF24 clearly portraits that EF24 regulates induced NFκB in an eNOS-NO dependent manner. More importantly, EF24 completely suppressed IR-induced MMPs transcript levels in these cells. NFκB over expression studies validates that EF24 regulates IR-induced MMPs by muting IR-activated NFκB. In addition, MTT analysis revealed that EF24 significantly conferred IR-induced inhibition of cell survival in both SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells by targeting IR-induced NFκB. Taken together these results suggests that IR-regulated eNOS and reduction in NO availability activates NFκB and NFκB dependent transcriptional activation of MMPs. More importantly, reverting IR-regulated eNOS→NO with EF24 may significantly inhibit NFκB dependent survival advantage and, may serve as a potential deliverable in mitigating neuroblastoma relapse and progression after radiotherapy. Funding Support: ACS- IRG-05-066-01; Presbyterian Health Foundation Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5547.
Tomography in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: J. B. McDougall, J. H. Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1938)

The theory of tomography, and the principles governing this method of taking x-ray pictures of a section of an organ, have been described in several papers (McDougall, 1936, 1937; McDougall and Crawford, 1937), and the present position has been well summarized in a leading article in the British Medical Journal (1937).The value *of tomography in cases of pulmonary disease is now fully recognized, and with the elaboration and perfection of relatively simple apparatus this method of investigation is likely to enjoy an increasing popularity. Technique of TomographyWe have continued to use the Sanitas machine as devised by Grossmann (1935), and since March, 1936, when we first began to use tomography at Preston Hall, nearly 400 patients have been investigated by this method.Grossmann's tomograph has been criticized as expensive, but the quality of the pictures is excellent, and post- mortem confirmation of the appearances of the lesion at different sections has been' obtained; these afford complete proof of the general accuracy of the apparatus.Further- more, the resultant films seem to us to present a greater degree of contrast, a more complete obliteration of unwanted shadows, and a more sharply outlined general detail than are usually obtained with simpler apparatus.Nevertheless, we agree that elaborate and costly apparatus is not essential for tomography, and Twining (1937) and Colyer (1937), working independently in this country, and Ziedses des Plantes (1932) in Holland, have all shown that simple attachments to an ordinary x-ray machine can successfully fulfil the requirements necessary for the production of tomograms.In Grossmann's tomograph the tube and the Potter- Bucky film holder are attached to opposite ends of a pendulum, and in taking a photograph the tube describes an arc, the extent of which can be controlled.The axis
Case 38-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Richard D. Diamond, Karl H. Proppe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of CaseA 66-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of facial swelling.There was a six-year history of diabetes mellitus, which was regulated with daily injections of NPH insulin, 34 units. The patient performed no urine tests but had never required admission to the hospital for control of the disease. Nine months before admission she entered another hospital for treatment of otitis media. She was well thereafter until three weeks before entry, when a toothache developed in the left upper molar region. The pain worsened, and two days before entry she consulted a dentist, who made a . . .
Nedocromil sodium in the treatment of exercise-induced asthma: a meta-analysis
Authors: C. Spooner, B.H. Rowe, L.d Saunders
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Exercise-induced asthma (or bronchoconstriction) afflicts millions of people worldwide. While generally self-limiting, it can hinder performance and reduce activity levels, thus it is an important condition to diagnose and treat. The objective of this review was to assess the prophylactic effect of a single dose of nedocromil sodium on exercise-induced asthma. The Cochrane Airways Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Current Contents, reference lists of relevant articles, review articles and textbooks were searched for randomized trials comparing a single dose of nedocromil to placebo to prevent exercise-induced asthma in people >6 yrs of age. Authors and the drug manufacturer were contacted for additional trials. Trial quality assessments and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Authors were contacted when possible. Twenty trials were included. All were rated as having good methodological quality. Nedocromil inhibited bronchoconstriction in all age groups. The pooled weighted mean difference for the maximum percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second was 15.6%, (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 13.2-18.1) and for the peak expiratory flow was 15.0% (95% CI: 8.3-21.6). These differences are both statistically and clinically significant. After nedocromil the time to recover normal lung function was <10 min compared to >30 min with placebo. Nedocromil had a greater effect on people with a fall in lung function of >30% from baseline. There were no significant adverse effects reported with this short-term use. In conclusion, Nedocromil taken before exercise appears to reduce the severity and duration of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. This effect appears to be more pronounced as severity increases.
Questionnaire study of effect of sex and age on the prevalence of wheeze and asthma in adolescence
Authors: A. Venn, S. Lewis, M. Cooper, J. Hill, J. Britton
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In early childhood wheezing and asthma are more common in boys than girls.1 This difference has either disappeared or reversed by early adulthood,2 although the age at which the change occurs is unclear. We therefore measured the age and sex specific prevalence of self reported wheeze and diagnosed asthma in 11-16 year old children attending secondary schools in the Nottingham area.

In 1996 we completed a prevalence survey of all pupils attending 44 secondary schools in a defined postcode area in and around Nottingham. Questionnaires about lifetime and current wheeze and asthma diagnosed by a doctor (Appendix) were distributed to pupils for self completion during school time. Data were collected on 27 826 pupils (over 80% of registered pupils) aged 11-16 years, 51% of whom were boys. Parental responses to the same questions were obtained for a 1 in 4 random subsample of 3894 pupils (59% response).

The self reported lifetime prevalence of wheeze was 30.1% (8317/27 632), with 19.0% …
TCT-544 Post-Procedural Intravascular Ultrasound Findings on Short-Term Outcomes of Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for Femoropopliteal Lesions
Authors: Shinsuke Mori, Toshiya Muramatsu, Reiko Tsukahara, Yoshiaki Ito, Hiroshi Ishimori, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Masahiro Yamawaki, Motoharu Araki, Norihiro Kobayashi, Hideyuki Takimura, Yasunari Sakamoto, Masakazu Tsutsumi, Takuro Takama, Hiroya Takafuji, Yohsuke Honda, Takahiro Tokuda, Kenji Makino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Local synovial synthesis of oligoclonal measles virus antibodies and of smooth muscle antibodies in a case of atypical rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B Vandvik, O J Mellbye, E Norrby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

A patient with atypical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and local synovial synthesis of oligoclonal IgG in an arthritic knee joint is described. Measles virus-specific antibodies isolated from the synovial fluid (SF) were carried by oligoclonal IgG proteins but constituted only a fraction of the total oligoclonal IgG of the SF. Smooth muscle antibodies were markedly increased in the SF compared with the serum and were associated with an electrophoretically restricted fraction of IgG. The results indicate that a local synovial synthesis of measles virus-specific antibodies and of smooth muscle antibodies occurred within the affected joint in our patient.
Embolization of intracranial aneurysms and sickle cell disease
Authors: Perla Vicari, Ana Cristina C. Choairy, Grazziella C. Siufi, Adriano M. Arantes, José Roberto F. Fonseca, Maria Stella Figueiredo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

The association of intracranial aneurysms and sickle cell disease (SCD) has been described in the English-language literature. Treatment strategies have included angiography and craniotomy. However, with advancement of non-operative interventions, much controversy surrounds the treatment of these patients. Endovascular embolization has been used in many patients with cerebral aneurysms, but it had been reported in the literature in only two sickle cell patients. The authors present a case of endovascular embolization of multiple intracranial aneurysms in a patient with sickle cell anemia with good outcome.
Myristoylated PreS1-domain of the hepatitis B virus L-protein mediates specific binding to differentiated hepatocytes
Authors: Anja Meier, Stefan Mehrle, Thomas S. Weiss, Walter Mier, Stephan Urban
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Chronic infection with the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem and a main cause of progressive liver diseases. HBV exhibits a narrow host range, replicating primarily in hepatocytes. Both host and hepatocyte specificity presumably involve specific receptor interactions on the target cell; however, direct evidence for this hypothesis is missing. Following the observation that HBV entry is specifically blocked by L-protein-derived preS1-lipopeptides, we visualized specific HBV receptor/ligand complexes on hepatic cells and quantified the turnover kinetics. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled, myristoylated HBV preS1-peptides we demonstrate (1) the presence of a highly specific HBV receptor on the plasma membrane of HBV-susceptible primary human and tupaia hepatocytes and HepaRG cells but also on hepatocytes from the nonsusceptible species mouse, rat, rabbit and dog; (2) the requirement of a differentiated state of the hepatocyte for specific preS1-binding; (3) the lack of detectable amounts of the receptor on HepG2 and HuH7 cells; (4) a slow receptor turnover at the hepatocyte membrane; and (5) an association of the receptor with actin microfilaments. The presence of the preS1-receptor in primary hepatocytes from some non-HBV-susceptible species indicates that the lack of susceptibility of these cells is owed to a postbinding step. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HBV hepatotropism is mediated by the highly selective expression of a yet unknown receptor* on differentiated hepatocytes, while species specificity of the HBV infection requires selective downstream events, e.g., the presence of host dependency or the absence of host restriction factors. The criteria defined here will allow narrowing down reasonable receptor candidates and provide a binding assay for HBV-receptor expression screens in hepatic cells. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)