tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Vascular Effects from Complex and Individual Air Pollutants Indicates a Role for Monoxide Gases and Volatile Hydrocarbons
Authors: Matthew J. Campen, Amie K. Lund, Melanie L. Doyle-Eisele, Jacob D. McDonald, Travis L. Knuckles, Annette C. Rohr, Eladio M. Knipping, Joe L. Mauderly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that the systemic vasculature may be a target of inhaled pollutants of vehicular origin. We have identified several murine markers of vascular toxicity that appear sensitive to inhalation exposures to combustion emissions.ObjectiveWe sought to examine the relative impact of various pollutant atmospheres and specific individual components on these markers of altered vascular transcription and lipid peroxidation.MethodsApolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice were exposed to whole combustion emissions (gasoline, diesel, coal, hardwood), biogenically derived secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), or prominent combustion-source gases [nitric oxide (NO), NO2, carbon monoxide (CO)] for 6 hr/day for 7 days. Aortas were assayed for transcriptional alterations of endothelin-1 (ET-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), along with measures of vascular lipid peroxides (LPOs) and gelatinase activity.ResultsWe noted transcriptional alterations with exposures to gasoline and diesel emissions. Interestingly, ET-1 and MMP-9 transcriptional effects could be recreated by exposure to CO and NO, but not NO2 or SOAs. Gelatinase activity aligned with levels of volatile hydrocarbons and also monoxide gases. Neither gases nor particles induced vascular LPO despite potent effects from whole vehicular emissions.ConclusionsIn this head-to-head comparison of the effects of several pollutants and pollutant mixtures, we found an important contribution to vascular toxicity from readily bioavailable monoxide gases and possibly from volatile hydrocarbons. These data support a role for traffic-related pollutants in driving cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality.
Mitral-Valve Repair for Mitral-Valve Prolapse
Authors: Subodh Verma, Thierry G. Mesana
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 55-year-old man presents with a holosystolic murmur of increasing intensity and is given a diagnosis of mitral-valve prolapse with severe mitral regurgitation. He is asymptomatic but has mildly depressed left ventricular function and mild left ventricular enlargement. Mitral-valve repair is recommended. Mitral-valve repair may result in a better survival rate than mitral-valve replacement, but mitral regurgitation can recur.
ALBUMOSURIA AND THE DURATION OF ALBUMINURIA IN CHOLERA
Authors: U. N. Brahmachari
Journal: BMJ (1907)

is deaf on the rigblt n4.Ier genteral OQpdition is much the same, but she sleeps a reat deal.January 24th. )ur the night there was an alarming haemorrhage from the orbit, the blood coming from under the eye.The house-surgeon controlled it by pressure and by perchloride of iron, but not before the patient had become much collapsed.At the end of the haemorrhage the eye sank b4pk lito the orbit, and there was no proptosis.January 30th.The proptosis of the right eye is much
Proximal subungual onychomycosis due to <i>Microsporum canis</i>
Authors: B. M. PIRACCINI, R. MORELLI, C. STINCHI, A. TOSTI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

A case of proximal subungual onychomycosis due to Microsporum canis in a 36-year-old woman is presented. The onychomycosis involved the left thumb and the little fingernails, with thinning of the nail plate and crumbling of the nail plate surface. A milky-white discoloration of the proximal portion of the left thumbnail was also evident. A 2-mm longitudinal nail biopsy showed a large number of fungal elements in the whole length of the nail plate. Fungal hyphae were more numerous in the ventral nail plate and produced detachment of the superficial nail plate. The nail bed was not invaded by fungal elements and was devoid of inflammatory changes. Proximal subungual onychomycosis is uncommon in immunocompetent individuals but has frequently been described in patients with AIDS. In our patient, in whom the proximal subungual onychomycosis was due to M. canis, there were no clinical or biochemical signs of immunodeficiency. Oral treatment with terbinafine, 250 mg/daily for 2 months, produced clinical and mycological cure.
Resistant Staphylococcal Puerperal Septicaemia Susceptible to Vancomycin
Authors: A. Davis, A. M. Ramsay, A. J. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAunaltered or became worse.The aggravation of the pain may have been due to the treatment, for two patients who had no abdominal pain or discomfort prior to penthienate therapy developed it while taking the drug.Enuresis was noted in nine children.The response of this condition to penthienate was recorded: only one gained normal bladder control, in seven control of the bladder improved, and in one it remained unchanged.It would therefore seem that both abdominal pain and enuresis, when associated with either lienteric diarrhoea or --encopresis, are likely to be alleviated by this treatment.COMMENT This paper does not describe a scientifically controlled in- vestigation.Neither the methods of diagnosis of the con- ditions nor those of assessing the results of treatment fulfil the necessary conditions.Nevertheless, from a clinical point of view it is apparent that treatment of lienteric diarrhoea and faecal incontinence with penthienate leads to a marked improvement in most cases.The drug appears to be more effective than older methods of treatment, and when used alone or in conjunction with other remedies con- stitutes a definite advance in the treatment of these conditions.
A PRACTICAL STUDY OF THE AIR CHAMBER MODEL OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Authors: Sidney Roston, Leonard Leight
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

t = time P(t) = pressure in the aorta near the aortic valve. In the present study, this was approximated by the brachial artery pressure (7) V(t) = volume equivalent to the aorta F(t) = effective rate of peripheral blood flow PD = end-diastolic pressure Ps = maximum systolic pressure PP = P - PD = pulse pressure K = AP/AV = elasticity of the aorta R = P(t)/F(t) = effective peripheral resistance i = seconds between the onset of systole and the occurrence of Ps Pi = decrease in pressure in the i seconds after the onset of diastole CO = number of liters of blood passing the aortic valve per minute
Resective Epilepsy Surgery for Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Barbara C. Jobst, Gregory D. Cascino
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Epilepsy surgery is indicated for patients with focal seizures who do not respond to appropriate antiepileptic drug therapy consisting of 2 or more medications.To review resective surgery outcomes for focal epilepsy, to identify which patients benefit the most, and to discuss why epilepsy surgery may not be universally accepted.Medline and Cochrane databases were searched between January 1993 and June 2014 for randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and large retrospective case series (>300 patients) using Medical Subject Headings and indexed text terms. Fifty-five articles were included. Subpopulations and prognostic factors were identified. Systematic reviews for cognitive, psychiatric, quality-of-life, and psychosocial outcomes were included.Two randomized clinical trials enrolling 118 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy found greater freedom from seizures with surgery when compared with continued medical treatment (58% vs 8% [n = 80] and 73% vs 0% [n = 38], P < .001). Nine systematic reviews and 2 large case series of medically refractory patients treated with surgery reported seizure-free outcomes in 34% to 74% of patients (median, 62.4%). The remainder of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examined subpopulations. Epilepsy surgery was less effective when there were extratemporal lesions, the epilepsy was not associated with a structural lesion, or both. Seizure-free outcomes were similar between children and adults. Hippocampal sclerosis and benign tumors were associated with better outcomes relative to other pathologies. Similar procedures such as selective amygdalohippocampectomy and temporal lobectomy for temporal lobe epilepsy were associated with subtle differences in seizure and neuropsychological outcome. There is low perioperative mortality (0.1%-0.5%) from epilepsy surgery. The most frequent neurologic complication is visual field defect occurring from temporal lobe resection. Quality of life improved after surgery but improved the most in patients who were seizure-free after surgery.Epilepsy surgery reduced seizure activity in randomized clinical trials when compared with continued medical therapy. Long-term cognitive, psychiatric, psychosocial, and quality-of-life outcomes were less well defined. Despite good outcomes from high-quality clinical trials, referrals of patients with seizures refractory to medical treatment remain infrequent.
Lingual lipase in cystic fibrosis. Quantitation of enzyme activity in the upper small intestine of patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Authors: C K Abrams, M Hamosh, V S Hubbard, S K Dutta, P Hamosh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We have measured the level of lingual lipase activity in gastric and duodenal aspirates of five patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency. Lingual lipase activity (measured in vitro by the hydrolysis of long-chain triglyceride, tri-[3H]olein, at pH 4.2 and expressed in nanomoles FFA released per milliliter aspirate per minute) and pH in gastric and duodenal aspirates were measured at 10-min intervals during a a 30-min basal period and at 15-min intervals during a 2-h period after the ingestion of a test meal. In gastric aspirates, lingual lipase activity decreased from basal levels of 200 +/- 34 nmol FFA released per milliliter per minute (similar to values reported previously in normal subjects (Hamosh M., H. L. Klaeveman, R. O. Wolf, and R. O. Scow, 1975, J. Clin. Invest., 55:908-913) to 79 +/- 15 nmol FFA/ml per min during the first postprandial hour and returned to basal levels during the second postprandial hour, (206 +/- 39 nmol FFA/ml per min). Duodenal aspirates, obtained during basal conditions, had lingual lipase activity similar to that in the stomach, 178 +/- 63 nmol FFA/ml per min. Enzyme activity levels were 56 +/- 14 and 113 +/- 29 during the first and second postprandial hours. Measurements of total lipase activity delivered to the ligament of Treitz showed that lingual lipase amounted to 91.22 +/- 4.06% of the total lipase activity in the upper small intestine during the 150-min study period. The basal and postprandial gastric pH levels in the five CF patients studied (3.2 +/- 0.44, 4.0 +/- 0.16, and 4.4 +/- 0.4 for basal and first and second postprandial hours, respectively) did not differ from previously reported values for normal subjects. The pH of duodenal aspirates was however significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in CF patients, both under basal conditions (5.0 +/- 0.26) and during the first and second postprandial hours (4.9 +/- 0.13 and 4.4 +/- 0.36, respectively), than in normal subjects. The low postprandial duodenal pH enables lingual lipase to act not only in the stomach but to continue the hydrolysis of dietary fat in the upper small intestine of CF patients. The data presented show that lingual lipase remains fully active in CF and accounts for greater than 90% of total lipase activity in the upper small intestine. We suggest that, because of low intestinal pH in CF, enzyme replacement therapy containing lingual lipase could improve fat absorption in CF patients to a greater extent than the pancreatic preparations now in use.
Maternal Expressed Emotion and Metabolic Control of Children and Adolescents with Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Magda Liakopoulou, Tina Alifieraki, Antonia Katideniou, Moly Peppa, Mary Maniati, Dimitris Tzikas, Euthymia D. Hibbs, Catherine Dacou-Voutetakis
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

The objectives of this study of children and adolescents with diabetes were to: (1) examine whether maternal expressed emotion (EE), in the form of critical comments (CC), hostility and emotional overinvolvement (EOI), is related to metabolic control; (2) determine if CC and EOI are separately related to poor metabolic control, and (3) ascertain whether high EE is related to psychopathology in these children.The Present Episode version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (Kiddie-SADS-P/K-SADS-P) interview was administered to 55 children and adolescents with diabetes and the parental EE instrument, the 5-min speech sample, to 55 mothers. The same instruments were utilized with the 54 controls and their mothers. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1 values were used as a measure of metabolic control.More than half of the children with diabetes (58.2%) had mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety or depression as compared to 9.3% of the controls. High EE was exhibited by 70.9% of the index group mothers in contrast to only 29.6% of the control group mothers. High maternal EE was not related to the psychopathology of children with diabetes. High maternal EE and in particular its EOI component and excessive detail (a subcategory of EOI) were related to poor metabolic control of the index children.Maternal EE is related to metabolic control in childhood diabetes; maternal EOI in particular is related to poor metabolic control. Mental health professionals should work with mothers of children with diabetes in an effort to modify such attitudes and emotions.
Intrasplenic transplantation of allogeneic hepatocytes prolongs survival in anhepatic rats
Authors: Nikolaos Arkadopoulos, Helene Lilja, Kyung Suk Suh, Achilles A. Demetriou, Jacek Rozga
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

To examine whether hepatocytes transplanted in the spleen can function as an ectopic liver, we performed hepatocyte transplantation in rats that were rendered anhepatic. Total hepatectomy was performed by using a novel single-stage technique. Following hepatectomy, Group 1 rats (n = 16) were monitored until death to determine survival time without prior intervention. Group 2 anhepatic rats (n = 20) were sacrificed at various times to measure blood hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels. Group 3 (n = 16) rats received intrasplenic injection of isolated hepatocytes (2.5 x 10(7) cells/rat) followed by total hepatectomy after 3 days. Group 4 (n = 12) sham-transplanted rats received intrasplenic saline infusion, and after 3 days they were rendered anhepatic. Group 2, 3, and 4 rats were maintained on daily Cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg; intramuscularly). Group 1 anhepatic rats survived for 22.4 +/- 5.2 hours (standard deviation). The anhepatic state was associated with a progressive and statistically significant rise in blood HGF and TGF-beta1 levels. Rats that received hepatocyte transplantation before total hepatectomy had a significantly longer survival time than sham-transplanted anhepatic controls (34.1 +/- 8.5 vs. 15.5 +/- 4.8 hrs, P < .01). Additionally, at 12 hours post-hepatectomy, transplanted rats had significantly lower blood ammonia, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and TGF-beta1 levels when compared with sham-transplanted controls. In conclusion, intrasplenic transplantation of allogeneic hepatocytes prolonged survival, improved blood chemistry, and lowered blood TGF-beta1 levels in rats rendered anhepatic.
Colonic Ileus
Authors: Harvey M. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Colonic ileus is an atypical form of adynamic ileus that may closely simulate mechanical obstruction or vascular impairment of the colon on abdominal roentgenograms. Five cases occurred in association with pelvic surgery, electrolyte imbalance, lumbar spine trauma, acute appendicitis, and acute pancreatitis. No unifying concept as to cause or definite conclusion as to pathogenesis could be formulated. As with colonic obstruction, spontaneous cecal perforations may occur with colonic ileus. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1008-1009, 1974)
ON THE ACTION OF PIPERIDINE AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS
Authors: Arthur R. Cushny
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1896)

Ix the course of a research undertaken for another purpose I had occasion to compare the actions of several compounds of piperidine, and, as my results differ somewhat from those of other workers in this field, I have thought it wcll to publish them now, as I see no prospect oi prosecuting the subject further.The substances examined were piperidine~ a-methylpiperidine, a-ethylpiperidine~ and coniine, which Itofmann and Ladenburg have shown to be a-propylpiperidine.Much of my work was done in the pharmacological laboratory of Strassburg University, the rest in that of the University of Michigan.But little work has been done, so far as I can learn, on the action of any of these bases except coniine.Buchheim* observes that the piperidine salts act on the organism in the same way as ammonia salts, while Neumann t found that he could take sixteen grains within three and a half hours without any appreciable result.Kro-neeker~: tbund a certain similarity between the actions of coniine and piperidine, but ascribed the action of the former to the motornerve ends~ that of the latter to the sensory terminal organs.According to Fliess, # the reflex irritability of i~ogs is reduced or removed entirely by the injection of one milligramme of piperidine.This, he ass3rts, is due to a paralyzing action on the sensory terminal organs.He found also the heart and respiration in frogs slowed by the same quantity.His research loses somewhat in value by the fact that he used the pure base, which is a strongly alkaline irritant,
Transsynaptic Progression of Amyloid-β-Induced Neuronal Dysfunction within the Entorhinal-Hippocampal Network
Authors: Julie A. Harris, Nino Devidze, Laure Verret, Kaitlyn Ho, Brian Halabisky, Myo T. Thwin, Daniel Kim, Patricia Hamto, Iris Lo, Gui-Qiu Yu, Jorge J. Palop, Eliezer Masliah, Lennart Mucke
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Pneumococcal Vaccine for the `Healthy Elderly'?-Reply
Authors: Maurice A. Mufson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Since the incidence and case fatality rates of pneumococcal disease are high in persons 50 years of age or older (the elderly), they should receive pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.<sup>1,2</sup>In our study of pneumococcal disease in Huntington, WVa, and environs, this age group had an annual incidence for total pneumococcal disease of 40 to 125 per 100,000.<sup>1</sup>One in four elderly persons with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia died and four in five with extrapulmonary pneumococcal disease died. Other physicians have reported similar results.<sup>1</sup> Since most elderly persons have underlying diseases that place them at increased risk of serious pneumococcal disease, they usually constitute the largest group of persons tested in any study of pneumonia among adults. The data unequivocally support their being immunized with pneumococcal vaccine as a sound approach to preventing pneumococcal disease.<sup>3</sup> Persons 50 years of age or older who do not have overt
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provides sustained long-term survival for patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: T Fukushima, Y Miyazaki, S Honda, F Kawano, Y Moriuchi, M Masuda, R Tanosaki, A Utsunomiya, N Uike, S Yoshida, J Okamura, M Tomonaga
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
The Other Lung
Authors: David V. Bates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Any physician who has had the sad task of caring for a patient suffering from advanced pulmonary emphysema must on occasion have wished that human-lung transplantation could offer some hope to these unfortunate patients. In the present issue, Dr. Paul Stevens and his colleagues from Houston, Texas, report upon lung transplantation attempted in two men, 37 and 39 years of age, whose severe panlobular emphysema appeared to be a consequence of a deficiency in serum α1, antitrypsin, the syndrome described in 1965 by Eriksson.1 Two other young men on whom this procedure has been attempted were both suffering . . .
Gut Bacteria Combined With Poor Diet May Promote Childhood Malnutrition
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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COLONOSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF MINIMAL CHANGE COLITIS IN PATIENTS WITH A NORMAL SIGMOIDOSCOPY AND NORMAL AIR-CONTRAST BARIUM ENEMA
Authors: P.R. Elliott, J.E. Lennard-Jones, C.I. Bartram, E.T. Swarbrick, C.B. Williams, A.M. Dawson, B.M. Thomas, B.C. Morson
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
128 HEPATITIS C INFECTION, CLEARANCE AND REINFECTION IN A COHORT OF INJECTING DRUG USERS – A HIGHLY DYNAMIC PROCESS
Authors: M. Hellard, R. Sacks Davis, T. Spelman, P. Higgs, A. Pedrana, M. Bharadwaj, S. Bowden, H. Drummer, C. Aitken
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A place for aspiration in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.
Authors: J S Jones
Journal: Thorax (1985)

In a retrospective survey of 195 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, 100 had a deep (greater than 20%) air space. Thirty one patients were considered unsuitable for aspiration because of complicating disease. Sixty nine patients were treated by aspiration, and in 45 of these reexpansion was sufficient for the case to be managed as shallow pneumothorax while the patient remained ambulant. The average initial aspiration from the 69 patients was 1 X 1 litres. The intrapleural pressure was subatmospheric in only 22 (49%) of the 45 successfully aspirated patients. A chest radiograph several hours after aspiration is the principal control required for this treatment. The recurrence rate was 11.1%. Of 95 patients with a shallow pneumothorax, 3 were intubated for progressive lung collapse and the remainder were encouraged to lead a normal life. The recurrence rate was 11.6%. Retrospectively, it was concluded that 137 patients (70%) had a closed pneumothorax at diagnosis. Primary intubation of all patients with a deep pneumothorax would have represented overtreatment.
The targeted antibacterial and antifungal properties of magnetic nanocomposite of iron oxide and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Robert Prucek, Jiří Tuček, Martina Kilianová, Aleš Panáček, Libor Kvítek, Jan Filip, Milan Kolář, Kateřina Tománková, Radek Zbořil
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)