tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
O4.10 * CNS STEM CELL SPECIFIC TUMOURIGENESIS REVEALS LINEAGE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL AND HUMAN GLIOMAS AND A DOMINANCE OF GLIAL SIGNATURES DURING TUMOUR PROPAGATION IN VITRO
Authors: S. Brandner, N. Henriquez, A. Benedykcinska, N. Li, J. Lau, K. Sidlauskas
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Brain tumors are thought to originate from stem/progenitor cell populations that acquire specific genetic mutations. Although current preclinical models have relevance to human pathogenesis, many do not recapitulate the histogenesis of the human disease. METHODS: and AIMS: We analysed the spectrum of intrinsic brain tumors arising from the neurogenic zone of the SVZ or from cancer stem cells that were generated and propagated in vitro and introduced into the brain by orthotopic allografting. We analyzed the relationship of the combination of mutations, the morphologic tumor phenotype, and the expression profile. In addition we developed a novel approach to generate brain tumours by inducing locally restricted, stem cell selective gene targeting, by injecting the active compound 4OH-Tamoxifen directly into the ventricles of GLAST cre ER(T); PTENlox/lox;p53lox/lox mice. We validated our model system by correlating expression and phenotype of their human counterparts. RESULTS: The combination of genetic mutations and cellular environment during tumour propagation defined the incidence and phenotype of intrinsic murine tumors. Importantly, in vitro passage of cancer stem cells uniformly promoted a glial expression profile in culture and in brain tumours. Gene expression profiling confirmed that experimental gliomas corresponded to distinct subclasses of human glioblastoma, whereas experimental supratentorial PNET correspond to atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT), a rare childhood tumour. CONCLUSION: Our key findings are that the genotype and phenotype can be strongly modified in vitro by growth factors, characterized by a shift toward a stem/transient amplifying phenotype in vitro and that experimental gliomas correlate with the TCGA classical subtype of human glioblastomas. Using a novel method to selectively recombine genetically defined cell populations, B-type SVZ stem cells, we generate gliomas similar to this achieved by targeting a broader population of progenitor cells, indicating that highly selective targeting of specific SVZ stem cell population is not essential to generate an effective model system for brain tumours. This finding has important implications for the development of biologically relevant brain tumour models.
Pathologic Features of Cytomegalovirus Retinopathy after Treatment with the Antiviral Agent Ganciclovir
Authors: Jay S. Pepose, Cheryl Newman, Michael C. Bach, Thomas C. Quinn, Richard F. Ambinder, Gary N. Holland, Peter S. Hodstrom, Henry M. Frey, Robert Y. Foos
Journal: Ophthalmology (1987)
Experience of a Single Center in Treatment of Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Anal Canal
Authors: Verónica Conde-Herrero, Encarnación González-Flores, Beatriz González-Astorga, Jesús Soberino-García, Joaquina Martinez-Galán, Cynthia González-Rivas, Rosario l Moral De Ávila, Julia Ruiz-Vozmediano, Lucia Castillo-Portellano, Juan Ramón lgado De Pérez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase/c-Jun Signaling Promotes Survival and Metastasis of B Lymphocytes Transformed by<i>Theileria</i>
Authors: Regina Lizundia, Marie Chaussepied, Michel Huerre, Dirk Werling, James P. Di Santo, Gordon Langsley
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Theileria parasites infect and transform bovine lymphocytes resulting in tumors with metastatic/invasive potential. Importantly, cellular transformation is reversed upon drug-induced parasite death, and the infected lymphocyte dies of apoptosis within 48 hours. Theileria-dependent transformation leads to the constitutive activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (both JNK1 and JNK2) and permanent induction of activator protein-1. Inactivation of JNK (following transfection of dominant-negative mutants, or treatment with a JNK-specific inhibitor) leads to lymphocyte apoptosis, suggesting an antiapoptotic role for JNK activation in Theileria-induced B cell transformation. Theileria-induced JNK activation also leads to constitutive c-Jun phosphorylation, and inhibition of c-Jun and activator protein-1 transactivation following the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun sensitizes Theileria-transformed B cells to apoptosis, but does not significantly affect their proliferation. Thus, JNK activation and c-Jun induction have overlapping, but nonidentical antiapoptotic roles in Theileria-induced B cell transformation. Increased sensitivity to apoptosis may be related to the fact that the expression levels of antiapoptotic proteins such as Mcl-1 and c-IAP are reduced upon c-Jun inhibition. In addition, decreased c-Jun expression correlates with the impaired ability of transfected B cells to degrade synthetic matrix in vitro, and their injection into lymphoid mice gives rise to significantly less and smaller tumors. Combined, these data argue for a role for JNK and c-Jun induction in the survival and metastasis of Theileria-transformed B cells. The similarity between Theileria-transformed B cells with human B lymphomas argues that exploiting the reversible nature of Theileria-induced transformation could throw light on the mechanisms underlying human malignancies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6105-10)
RECOVERY FOLLOWING AN OVERDOSE OF PYRITHYLDIONE (PRESIDON®)
Authors: ROBERT M. ROSE
Journal: JAMA (1949)

In recent months a new sedative-hypnotic drug, pyrithyldione (presidon,® 3,3-diethyl-2, 4-dioxotetrahydropyridine) has been made available for clinical use. Extensive studies of its pharmacology were reported in 1940 by Koppanyi and co-workers, 1 who concluded that the drug appeared to afford certain advantages over the barbiturates. On the basis of this work, subsequent investigators, 2 using therapeutic dosages in human subjects, concluded that the drug was an effective hypnotic and sedative which was distinguished by excellent tolerability. To our knowledge, the following case is the first reported instance of overdosage and intoxication attributable to pyrithyldione.  REPORT OF CASE  A semicomatose white woman aged 27 was admitted to the Buffalo General Hospital May 5, 1949. She had previously been under the care of a psychiatrist, who found her anxious and depressed, while manifesting suicidal tendencies and many somatic symptoms. Either nursing care or hospitalization was recommended but was refused. It was presumed
Transient induction of C-jun during hepatic regeneration
Authors: Joseph A. Alcorn, Steven P. Feitelberg, David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The cellular oncogene c-jun is transiently expressed in cultured cells stimulated to proliferate but has not been identified in normal liver. Because partial hepatectomy results in coordinated cell proliferation in the remaining liver, we investigated c-jun expression after partial hepatectomy in mice. Northern analysis of whole liver mRNA demonstrated a transient increased expression of c-jun within half an hour of the operation. The related gene junB increased only 50%, whereas c-jun expression increased 13-fold compared with sham-operated controls. To determine the cell of origin of the c-jun transcript, both in situ hybridization and Northern analysis of mRNAs from parenchymal and nonparenchymal cell fractions were performed 2 hr after partial hepatectomy. C-jun expression was found in both cell populations. To investigate the mechanism of increased c-jun expression, cycloheximide was given to some animals preoperatively. C-jun induction occurred with cycloheximide alone, but partial hepatectomy further increased c-jun expression, indicating that new protein synthesis was not required for this effect. Furthermore, run-on transcriptional assay demonstrated a twofold increase in c-jun expression. Thus c-jun expression increases after hepatectomy by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Because the extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme transin, which bears the recognition site for jun/AP-1, showed sustained induction after hepatectomy, we speculate that an important function of c-jun expression could be the remodeling of extracellular matrices to accommodate cell proliferation.
Relationship of an abnormal plasma lipoprotein to protection from atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed diabetic rabbit.
Authors: P Brecher, A V Chobanian, D M Small, W Van Sickle, A Tercyak, A Lazzari, J Baler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Alloxan-diabetic rabbits develop a pronounced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in response to cholesterol feeding. Despite higher levels of plasma cholesterol, these animals have much less atherosclerosis than cholesterol-fed nondiabetics. To determine whether this effect is due to properties of the lipoproteins, we compared chemical, physical, and metabolic characteristics of a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction (d less than 1.019 g/ml) from the diabetic and nondiabetic cholesterol-fed rabbits. The molar ratio of triglyceride to cholesteryl ester in the particles from diabetic animals ranged from 2:1 to 6:1, and this ratio remained constant in subfractions from individual rabbits. Triglyceride from nondiabetic control animals was a minor component. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a distinct order-disorder phase transition for cholesteryl ester at approximately 42 degrees C in the fractions from control animals, whereas in fractions from most of the diabetics no such transition was observed, indicating that both triglyceride and cholesteryl ester are present in the core of the same particle. The relative amount of apoprotein E in particles from diabetic animals was much less than that of cholesterol-fed controls. The ability of the lipoproteins from both groups to stimulate cholesteryl ester formation in mouse peritoneal macrophages also was tested. Lipoproteins from cholesterol-fed controls stimulated cholesteryl ester formation in a dose-dependent manner, but particles from the diabetic group had little or no effect. The results suggest that the presence of unusual VLDL particles in diabetic cholesterol-fed rabbits is responsible, at least in part, for the reduced incidence of atherosclerosis in this animal model.
IMAGING OF HUMAN MELANOMA XENOGRAFTS IN NUDE MICE BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITHOUT COMPUTERIZED SUBTRACTION
Authors: Barry D. Mann, Marvin B. Cohen, Leonard Spolter, Romaine E. Saxton, Martyn W. Burk, William F. Benedict, Donald L. Morton
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Mann, Barry D.; Cohen, Marvin B.; Spolter, Leonard; Saxton, Romaine E.; Burk, Martyn W.; Benedict, William F.; Morton, Donald L. Author Information
Nuclear Wastelands: A Global Guide to Nuclear Weapons Production and its Health and Environmental Effects
Authors: Victor E. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Its comprehensive coverage suggests that<i>Nuclear Wastelands</i>is intended primarily as a reference work. Yet, the coverage is sharply limited by many still-intact secrecy walls, although some have started to crumble. Enough information, however, has been released to yield a large book. It is well indexed and has 44 pages of references, indicating careful documentation. It contains details on the history of nuclear arms and the various steps in the production of nuclear weapons: mining uranium ores, milling to produce uranium concentrates, conversion to uranium hexafluoride, enrichment (increasing the concentration of uranium 235), reduction to metallic form, and bomb construction. The production of plutonium adds steps, as do fusion bombs: military reactors to generate plutonium (plutonium from civilian reactors can be used but is less efficient) plus generation of tritium plus reprocessing. Waste management pertains to all steps. Sites in each of 13 nations are described for each step. Potential
Selective Functional Properties of Dual Atrioventricular Nodal Inputs
Authors: Farid Amellal, Jacques Billette
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The atrioventricular node receives its activation signal from the low crista terminalis and low interatrial septum, the summation of which is believed to favor conduction. A functional asymmetry between the inputs is also believed to be involved in nodal reentrant rhythms. We studied the selective functional characteristics of nodal inputs and determined their role in nodal conduction, refractoriness, summation, and rate-dependent function. Methods and Results The nodal properties of recovery, facilitation, and fatigue were characterized with stimulation protocols applied with varying phases between the two inputs in isolated rabbit heart preparations. The effects of the input phase, nodal functional state, and input reference on the nodal conduction time, recovery time, and refractory periods were assessed with multifactorial ANOVAs. It was found that the phase of stimulation significantly affected nodal conduction time but not the refractory periods or the time constant of the recovery. Each input could show longer and shorter conduction time than the other depending on the stimulation phase, input reference, and coupling interval. These effects were similar for different nodal functional states. However, pacing and recording from the low crista resulted in similar conduction and refractory values than did pacing and recording from the low septum. Input summation did not increase the otherwise equal efficacy of individual input in activating the node. Nodal surface recordings confirmed this functional symmetry and equivalent efficacy of the inputs and showed that input effects were confined to the proximal node. Conclusions The two nodal inputs have equivalent functional properties and are equally effective in activating the rate-dependent portion of the node. Input interaction affects perinodal activation but not the rate-dependent nodal function.
Measuring Serum Cholesterol-Reply
Authors: David W. Blank
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Schifreen and colleagues at Du Pont suggest that their<i>aca</i>method compares favorably when directly compared with the Abell-Kendall reference method. Utilizing pooled serum samples, they have demonstrated an excellent correlation between these two methods. We commend Du Pont for having conducted studies on their own accord, but we do note several discrepancies. In the product manual for the<i>aca</i>,<sup>1</sup>results of a comparison between it and the Abell-Kendall method showed a slope of 0.976 and a y-intercept of — 4.1mg/dL (0.10 mmol/L). The discrepancies between these two studies must be resolved before the accuracy of the method is fully defined. Further, serum pools were used instead of individual samples, the number of samples used was small, the duration of the study was not mentioned, the distribution over the x axis was imbalanced, and the SEs for the slope and y-intercept—which are necessary for their interpretation—
Latrogenic Pneumothorax
Authors: Bonita K. Vestal
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PNEUMOTHORAX accounts for approximately 0.2% of all hospital admissions<sup>1</sup>and occurs as a complication of mechanical ventilation in 4.2% of patients.<sup>2</sup>Although the total yearly incidence of pneumothorax has remained fairly stable, there has been a steady increase in those cases due to iatrogenic causes.<sup>3</sup>This increase is due primarily to improvements in the management of critically and acutely ill patients with increased use of endotracheal intubation, external cardiac massage, percutaneous subclavian catheterization, and continuous ventilatory support. The two case reports that follow should alert physicians to an unusual cause of pneumothorax related to the use of supplemental oxygen, a practice especially common in emergency medicine. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> In June 1973, a 26-year-old man was admitted to Denver General Hospital after acute ethanol poisoning. He was comatose, unresponsive to painful stimuli, and areflexic. Vital signs and results of a physical examination were otherwise unremarkable.
Frequency and Significance of Increased Upper Airway Resistance during Sleep
Authors: KAREN REES, RUTH N. KINGSHOTT, PETER K. WRAITH, NEIL J. DOUGLAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Previous studies have shown that episodes of inspiratory flow limitation can be clinically important. We have challenged the hypothesis that patients with the "upper airway resistance syndrome" have more episodes of inspiratory flow limitation, associated with greater swings in pleural pressure and more arousals from sleep than normal subjects. We thus studied eight symptomatic patients with UARS (ESS > 10, AHI < 15) and eight matched asymptomatic subjects. All had overnight polysomnography with recording of pleural pressure and airflow derived from nasal pressure. Events scored visually using nasal pressure were termed flow limitation events and those using both signals "resistive events." The patients with UARS had no more episodes of flow limitation or resistive events than the controls. However, pleural pressure swings at resistive event termination were significantly more negative in the patient group ( − 15 [IQR 9–19]; − 11 [8–12] cm H2O; p = 0.02) and the number of cortical arousals associated with resistive events was higher in the patients (median, 10 [5–15]; 3 [1–9]/h slept; p = 0.02). This study confirms that patients with UARS have periods of increased upper airway resistance associated with significant sleep fragmentation. However, resistive events are also common in normal subjects, although these are associated with less negative pleural pressure swings and fewer arousals. Thus, the clinical significance of resistive events needs to be interpreted with caution.
803 Inhibited NF-ϰB transcriptional regulation may explain failed tissue repair in thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure in type I diabetic rats
Authors: S DEVI, H MEHENDALE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is most often attributed to the effects of obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and drugs. It is still unknown whether livers with steatohepatitis are more vulnerable to toxic damage.To determine the effect of the hepatotoxicant thioacetamide in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatohepatitis.Steatohepatitis was induced in rats by placing them on a methionine–choline deficient diet for 1 month. Thioacetamide was administered by three consecutive intraperitoneal injections (300 mg/kg) at 24 h intervals.Following treatment with thioacetamide, the elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and blood ammonia, liver necroinflammation and the survival rate after 48 h were not different between rats with normal or fatty liver. However, those parameters were significantly worse when steatohepatitis regressed after return to normal diet for 1 month (P < 0.01). Western blot analysis of hepatic extracts revealed no difference in cytochrome P4502E1 levels between livers with steatohepatitis and steatohepatitis after regression, suggesting that the enhanced hepatotoxicity after regression of steatohepatitis could not be attributed to increased cytochrome P4502E1.In a nutritional model of steatohepatitis, rats with fatty liver were not more vulnerable than normal rats to liver damage induced by thioacetamide. However, liver damage was significantly more severe in rats with steatohepatitis after 1 month regression.
Transitional care facility for elderly people in hospital awaiting a long term care bed: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Maria Crotty, Craig H Whitehead, Rachel Wundke, Lynne C Giles, David Ben-Tovim, Paddy A Phillips
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess the effectiveness of moving patients who are waiting in hospital for a long term care bed to an off-site transitional care facility. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Three public hospitals in Southern Adelaide. <b>Participants</b> 320 elderly patients (mean age 83 years) in acute hospital beds (212 randomised to intervention, 108 to control). <b>Interventions</b> A transitional care facility where all patients received a single assessment from a specialist elder care team and appropriate ongoing therapy. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Length of stay in hospital, rates of readmission, deaths, and patient9s functional level (modified Barthel index), quality of life (assessment of quality of life), and care needs (residential care scale) at four months. <b>Results</b> From admission, those in the intervention group stayed a median of 32.5 days (95% confidence interval 29 to 36 days) in hospital. In the control group the median length of stay was 43.5 days (41 to 51 days) (95% confidence interval for difference 6 to 16 days). Patients in the intervention group took a median of 21 days (6 to 27 days) longer to be admitted to permanent care than those in the control group. In both groups few patients went home (14 (7%) in the intervention group <i>v</i> 9 (9%) in the control group). There were no significant differences in death rates (28% <i>v</i> 27%) or rates of transfer back to hospital (28% <i>v</i> 25%). <b>Conclusions</b> For frail elderly patients who are awaiting a residential care bed transfer out of hospital to an off-site transitional care unit with focus on aged care "unblocks beds" without adverse effects.
SULPHARSPHENAMINE FOR WARTS
Authors: J. L. Grund
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, January 8, J. Rosslyn Earp, Dr.P.H., criticizes the results reported by Dr. Richard L. Sutton in the treatment of warts by the use of sulpharsphenamine. He states that he found negative results in the treatment of a case. In addition, he ventures the opinion that many more, probably "hundreds of physicians," treating warts by this method would probably also obtain negative results. If Dr. Earp rereads the article by Dr. Sutton (The Journal, Oct. 2, 1926, p. 1127), he will note that Dr. Sutton reports cases of juvenile warts or verruca planum juvenilis treated with sulpharsphenamine. The latter disease is an entirely different clinical entity from verruca vulgaris, which was probably the diagnosis of the case treated by Dr. Earp and of the cases treated by the hundreds of physicians whose results he desires to get. It has been shown by Dr. Charles J.
Rupert Walker Wilkinson
Authors: Fiona Wilkinson, David Wilkinson, Caroline Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant radiologist Reading (b 1921; q Leeds 1945; DCH, DMRD, FFR, FRCR) died from congestive cardiac failure on 30 July 2005.



Figure 1



After qualifying Rupert trained at St Thomas's and the Hammersmith before being appointed consultant radiologist at the Royal Berkshire and Battle Hospitals, Reading, in 1957. He was pivotal in the considerable growth of the department and president of the Reading Pathological Society in 1980. He retired in 1985. Rupert played several instruments, including the tuba, and travelled the world by steam train where possible. Predeceased by his wife, Vera, he leaves three children and four grandchildren.
The Association Between Two SNPs GATA3 (rs1269486, rs2229360) Gene and Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Reza Farid, Mohammad Raza Abbaszadegan, Farahzad Jabbari, Mehran Gholamin, Afshin Shirkani, Hadis Yousefzadeh, Atena Mansouri
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)