tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Dislocation of the Foot
Authors: E. W. Dorrell
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and type 1 diabetes have an environmental aetiology and common epidemiological features. Incidence rates and national characteristics of both conditions were investigated in 40 countries worldwide. There was a significant positive correlation between diseases. Markers of wealth and affluence were significantly associated with high incidence.
Role of renal aquaporins in escape from vasopressin-induced antidiuresis in rat.
Authors: C A Ecelbarger, S Nielsen, B R Olson, T Murase, E A Baker, M A Knepper, J G Verbalis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether escape from vasopressin-induced antidiuresis is associated with altered regulation of any of the known aquaporin water channels. After 4-d pretreatment with 1-deamino-[8-D-arginine]-vasopressin (dDAVP) by osmotic mini-pump, rats were divided into two groups: control (continued dDAVP) and water-loaded (continued dDAVP plus a daily oral water load). A significant increase in urine volume in the water-loaded rats was observed by the second day of water loading, indicating onset of vasopressin escape. The onset of escape coincided temporally with a marked decrease in renal aquaporin-2 protein (measured by semiquantitative immunoblotting), which began at day 2 and fell to 17% of control levels by day 3. In contrast, there was no decrease in the renal expression of aquaporins 1, 3, or 4. The marked suppression of whole kidney aquaporin-2 protein was accompanied by a concomitant suppression of whole kidney aquaporin-2 mRNA levels. Immunocytochemical localization and differential centrifugation studies demonstrated that trafficking of aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane remained intact during vasopressin escape. The results suggest that escape from vasopressin-induced antidiuresis is attributable, at least in part, to a vasopressin-independent decrease in aquaporin-2 water channel expression in the renal collecting duct.
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF VENTRICULAR WORKLOAD IN INFANTS WITH VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT: ENERGY LOSS ESTIMATION USING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY VECTOR FLOW MAPPING
Authors: Takashi Honda, Keiichi Itatani, Atsushi Kitagawa, Kagami Miyaji, Masahiro Ishii
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Obama's stimulus package includes funds for public health, nutrition, and effectiveness research
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

President Barack Obama’s $787bn (£545bn; €610bn) package to stimulate the US economy includes funds for public health, nutrition, and research into effectiveness of treatments. The legislation was passed on 17 February by Congress and has been signed by the president.

The American Public Health Association, the Center for Science in the Public Interest, and other groups praised the legislation. The public health group said that the legislation included funding in four areas it supported “as important opportunities to invest in both our economy and the health of our nation.” The areas are a prevention and wellness fund, safety net programmes, the public health workforce, and health information technology.

The National Association of County and City Health Officials also praised the bill. …
Language and publication in Cardiovascular Research articles
Authors: R. Coates, B. Sturgeon, J. Bohannan, E. Pasini
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

The acceptance rate of non-mother English tongue authors is generally a lot lower than for native English tongue authors. Obviously the scientific quality of an article is the principal reason for publication. However, is editorial rejection purely on scientific grounds? English mother tongue writers publish more than non mother-tongue writers--so are editors discriminating linguistically? We therefore decided to survey language errors in manuscripts submitted for publication to Cardiovascular Research (CVR).We surveyed language errors in 120 medical articles which had been submitted for publication in 1999 and 2000. The language "error" categories were divided into three principal groups: grammatical, structural and lexical which were then further sub-divided into key areas. The articles were corrected without any knowledge of the author's nationality or the corrections made by other language researchers. After an initial correction, a sample of the papers were cross-checked to verify reliability.The control groups of US and UK authors had an almost identical acceptance rate and overall "error" rate indicating that the language categories were objective categories also for the other nationalities. Although there was not a direct relationship between the acceptance rate and the amount of language errors, there was a clear indication that badly written articles correlated with a high rejection rate. The US/UK acceptance rate of 30.4% was higher than for all the other countries. The lowest acceptance rate of 9% (Italian) also had the highest error rate.Many factors could influence the rejection of an article. However, we found clear indications that carelessly written articles could often have either a direct or subliminal influence on whether a paper was accepted or rejected. On equal scientific merit, a badly written article will have less chance of being accepted. This is even if the editor involved in rejecting a paper does not necessarily identify language problems as a motive for rejection. A more detailed look at the types and categories of language errors is needed. Furthermore we suggest the introduction of standardised guidelines in scientific writing.
Surface morphology and function of human pulmonary alveolar macrophages from smokers and non-smokers.
Authors: M Ando, M Sugimoto, R Nishi, M Suga, S Horio, H Kohrogi, K Shimazu, S Araki
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Pulmonary alveolar macrophages were obtained by saline lavage from 23 healthy male volunteers--10 non-smokers and 13 cigarette smokers. Lavage produced three times as many alveolar macrophages in smokers than in non-smokers. When macrophages from smokers and from non-smokers were incubated in vitro, more cells from smokers adhered to glass, spread out, and showed enhanced nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. The surface morphology of alveolar macrophages from smokers showed more with a plate like appearance and ridge like membrane surface, while the macrophages from non-smokers were predominantly spherical with ruffles. The proportions of cells which stained highly for beta galactosidase were 55% in smokers and 11% in non-smokers. Thus, in a resting state in vitro, alveolar macrophages from smokers were more active than those from non-smokers. When, however, macrophages from smokers and non-smokers were incubated with immunobeads and with opsonised or non-opsonised BCG, the phagocytic activity and stimulated NBT reduction of alveolar macrophages from smokers were similar to or somewhat less than those of non-smokers.
Gastric Interposition in Esophageal Carcinoma as a Cause of Pseudomass on Thyroid Imaging
Authors: TERRY WARNER, SUBHASH C. JAIN, ADEL G. MATTAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Thyroid imaging with Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate demonstrated indentation of the lower pole of the right thyroid lobe by an extrinsic mass. This mass, which showed uptake of radiopertechnetate, extended from the root of the neck into the right mediastinal area. The mass represented the stomach, which had been interposed surgically 6 years earlier for carcinoma of the esophagus.
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)
Authors: R. Voermans, M. Van Berge Henegouwen, P. Fockens
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

In the past few years, gastrointestinal endoscopy has been enriched by a novel concept, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). In this innovative endoscopic technique abdominal organs are approached through natural orifices (mouth, anus, vagina) in order to perform intra-abdominal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Unlike standard surgical procedures, NOTES avoids the need for abdominal incision, and also offers specific advantages in selected patient populations. Since the first presentation on NOTES at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) in 2000, research interest in NOTES has grown steadily ([Fig. 1]). This year, numerous abstracts focused on the potential problems that arise with NOTES in clinical practice, such as problems with access and closure, technical limitations of instruments (and innovative solutions to these), and complications and their management, while others focused on the potential advantages and the feasibility of novel NOTES interventions.
Patients' Rights of Free Choice and Hospital Powers over Staff Privileges: Conflict in the Courts
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

A NUMBER of states, against the advice of traditional common-law lawyers, have adopted into law a set of patients' rights to be exercised against hospitals, nursing homes, health-maintenance groups, and individual physicians. Massachusetts, after a number of years of legislative debate, adopted one of the most detailed bills of rights, with separate provisions concerning hospitals and individual physicians.1 , 2 The complaint of the traditionalists has generally been that the enactment of vague principles does little to extend the practical rights of persons and causes confusion and conflict in interpretation.3 The case-by-case development of rights is preferred because legal remedies can be . . .
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Calcinosis in Juvenile Dermatomyositis with Tc-99m MDP
Authors: ZVI BAR-SEVER, MASZA MUKAMEL, LIORA HAREL, RUTH HARDOFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Two children with juvenile dermatomyositis and extensive, debilitating soft tissue calcifications are described. Whole-body bone scans with Tc-99m MDP were performed in both cases before and during specific treatment for the calcinosis. Baseline studies showed marked tracer localization in the soft tissues and provided an objective baseline assessment of the extent of the soft tissue calcifications. Follow-up studies showed gradual clearance of the extraskeletal uptake and were useful in monitoring the therapeutic response. These cases show that skeletal scintigraphy can function as a useful auxiliary tool to evaluate calcinosis in children with juvenile dermatomyositis.
Sundowning and Circadian Rhythms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ladislav Volicer, David G. Harper, Barbara C. Manning, Rachel Goldstein, Andrew Satlin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

The goal of this study was to determine changes of circadian rhythms induced by Alzheimer's disease and to explore relationships among rhythm disturbances, sundowning, and sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease. "Sundowning" is the occurrence or exacerbation of behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in the afternoon and evening.Circadian rhythms of core body temperature and motor activity were measured in 25 patients with diagnoses of probable Alzheimer's disease and in nine healthy individuals. The subjects with Alzheimer's disease were divided according to the occurrence of sundowning as determined by staff reports.The subjects with Alzheimer's disease had less diurnal motor activity, a higher percentage of nocturnal activity, lower interdaily stability of motor activity, and a later activity acrophase (time of peak) than did the healthy individuals. They also had a higher mesor (fitted mean) temperature, higher amplitude of the fitted cosine temperature curve, and later temperature acrophase than did the healthy subjects. The severity of sundowning was associated with later acrophase of temperature, less correlation of circadian temperature rhythm with a 24-hour cycle, and lower amplitude of temperature curve.These data indicate that Alzheimer's disease causes disturbances of circadian rhythms and that sundowning is related to a phase delay of body temperature caused by Alzheimer's disease.
Cancer in Indonesia
Authors: Alton I. Sutnick
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IN A series of government-established five-year plans, Indonesia has addressed the major health problems facing the country. As a result, there have been major advances in the health program over the past decade, including the establishment of hospitals and health centers, development of preventive medicine and disease control services, health education, health manpower training, development of improved water supply and sanitation facilities, and the establishment of some research programs. The priorities in the 1974 plan included ambulatory care, rural health and child health, and family planning services. These have resulted in the establishment of an extensive health care system, with physician staffing of health centers rising to 85.9% and health utilization rising to 75 visits per day. With the reduction in case fatality rate from infectious diseases and a decrease in the infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth has increased from 41 years in 1969 to an estimated 52
Abstract A42: In vitro proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and gene analysis for 25- hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) transfected LNCaP cells.
Authors: Mara Banks, Michael F. Holick
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Vitamin D is converted to 25(OH)D, which is the major vitamin D metabolite in circulating blood. However, 25(OH)D must be converted to 1α,25(OH)2D for most of its biological actions. 25- hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) is the enzyme that hydroxylates the1-alpha position of 25(OH)D and creates the biologically active form of vitamin D, 1α,25(OH)2D. 1α,25(OH)2D has been shown to induce cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in prostate cancer cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that prostate and some prostate cancer cells have the ability to convert 25(OH) D to 1α,25(OH)2D. This ability along with epidemiological evidence correlating an inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and prostate cancer risk suggests that vitamin D and its metabolizing enzymes may be important for prostate cancer prevention. Since LNCaP cells are androgen sensitive, possess a functional vitamin D receptor, have 24-OHase activity but lack 1α-OHase activity, this cell line was the model used to transfect 1α-OHase and determine what the effects local conversion to 1α,25(OH)2D had on prostate cancer cells. LNCaP cells transfected with the sense strand of 1α-OHase have been designated 1α-S. We hypothesize that local intracellular conversion of 25(OH) D to 1α,25(OH)2D is important to the anti-carcinogenic autocrine/paracrine functions of vitamin D. Cellular proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression were assessed using 3[H]-thymidine incorporation, DNA fragmentation and fluorescence activated cell sorting, respectively. Gene analysis was done using Real Time PCR to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) involved in vitamin D's anti-carcinogenic effects. A dose dependent decrease in 3[H]-thymidine incorporation in 1α-S cells was observed with 25(OH)D at 10−6M concentration having the greatest decrease (54.1± 9.0%). In 1α-S cells treated with 25(OH)D at 10−6M, there was 2.1 times more DNA fragmentation than untreated LNCaP cells or LNCaP treated with 25(OH) D at 10−6M. Cell cycle progression was also analyzed with 10−6M 25(OH)D treatment in 1α-S resulted in 94.9% of cells being in the G1 phase. Gene expression analysis showed an increase in cell cycle regulatory genes; p21 (14.1±0.5 fold), p27 (5.2±0.4 fold) and p53 (3.8±0.4 fold). Apoptotic gene expression, bax and bcl-2, were induced (3.8±0.4 fold) and suppressed (0.04±0.3 fold) in 1α-S cells, respectively. This study supports the idea that the local intracellular conversion to 1α,25(OH)2D is important to prostate cancer prevention. Citation Format: Mara Banks, Michael F. Holick. In vitro proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and gene analysis for 25- hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) transfected LNCaP cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A42.
Cardiac Arrests During Endoscopy With Anesthesia Assistance
Authors: Basavana Gouda Bharamana Goudra, Preet Mohinder Singh
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Gastric Distension by Ingesting Food Is Useful in the Evaluation of Primary Gastric Cancer by FDG PET
Authors: Zhaohui Zhu, Fang Li, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Gastric carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Detection and surgical resection of gastric cancer in the early stage provides the only hope for improved survival in patients with gastric cancer. Positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) has been shown to be essential in the evaluation of a variety of malignancies. However, conventional FDG PET has limited value for detecting a primary tumor of the stomach, mostly because of the relatively high levels of physiological uptake by the contracted stomach. We report 3 cases of primary gastric carcinomas detected successfully by FDG PET after the ingestion of food. The PET images of the stomach after ingesting food were compared with the routine fasting-state whole-body PET images for each patient. When the stomach was distended by food, the malignant lesions were more discernible. These cases indicate that gastric distension by ingesting food may be a simple method that can help to detect a primary gastric malignancy by FDG PET.
THE SURVIVAL OF THE HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS, PARTICULARLY THE RAT
Authors: Carl Tenbroeck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

The attempts to demonstrate the virus of hog-cholera in rabbits 12 days after intravenous and intraabdominal inoculations were unsuccessful. Likewise the attempts to show that the virus might be found in the guinea pig 6 and in the pigeon 7 days after inoculation were negative. It was shown, however, that the virus can be found in the bodies of white rats for at least 7 days after either intraabdominal or intracerebral inoculations. One attempt to demonstrate it after 10 days was negative. From the fact that the rats show no evidence of illness such as loss in weight, pyrexia, or visible pathological changes, and that after either intraabdominal or intracerebral inoculation the virus is only found in the abdominal organs and possibly only in the spleen, it seems likely that it does not multiply but that in the rat tissue, particularly in the spleen, it is not destroyed so rapidly as in the organs of other animals. Careful study of the records fails to show that passing one strain of virus alternately through pigs and rats for three transfers in each species changes the virulence for swine or causes the virus to become virulent for rats. Attempts to introduce the virus into the body of the rat by feeding virulent material and an attempt to pass the virus from one lot of rats to another were unsuccessful, so that we have evidence from the experiment that the rat does not play a part in the transmission of hog-cholera.
Declines in Sex Ratio at Birth and Fetal Deaths in Japan, and in U.S. Whites but Not African Americans
Authors: Devra Lee Davis, Pamela Webster, Hillary Stainthorpe, Janice Chilton, Lovell Jones, Rikuo Doi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundThe expected ratio of male to female births is generally believed to be 1.05, also described as the male proportion of 0.515.ObjectivesWe describe trends in sex ratio at birth and in fetal deaths in the United States, in African Americans and in whites, and in Japan, two industrial countries with well-characterized health data infrastructures, and we speculate about possible explanations.MethodsPublic health records from national statistical agencies were assembled to create information on sex ratio at birth and in fetal deaths in the United States (1970–2002) and Japan (1970–1999), using SPSS.ResultsSex ratio at birth has declined significantly in Japan and in U.S. whites, but not for African Americans, for whom sex ratio remains significantly lower than that of whites. The male proportion of fetal death has increased overall in Japan and in the United States.ConclusionsSex ratio declines are equivalent to a shift from male to female births of 135,000 white males in the United States and 127,000 males in Japan. Known and hypothesized risk factors for reduced sex ratio at birth and in fetal deaths cannot account fully for recent trends or racial or national differences. Whether avoidable environmental or other factors—such as widespread exposure to metalloestrogens or other known or suspected endocrine-disrupting materials, changes in parental age, obesity, assisted reproduction, or nutrition—may account for some of these patterns is a matter that merits serious concern.
Reproducibility of exhaled breath condensate markers
Authors: S. Chow, D. H. Yates, P. S. Thomas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

1,000 people [10].Indeed, hospital admissions for drainage of dental abscesses showed the greatest increase in socially disadvantaged areas [11].We would suggest that poor access to dental care, particularly in deprived areas of the UK where other risk factors for community acquired pneumonia coexist, is likely to increase the burden of pneumonia and place further pressure on limited healthcare resources.In addition, dental services within hospitals and long-term care institutions need to improve as they are woefully inadequate in their current form and provide little more than a service to extract loose or severely decayed teeth.Investment in General Dental Services in the UK amounts to ,2% of the NHS budget, even in our own institution the funds for the entire Dental School is less than the Critical Care Unit.Oral health needs to be established as a priority not only in the community but also for hospital patients or institutionalised adults in much the same way as deep-vein thrombosis prophylaxis.