tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plastid-Derived Genes in the Nonphotosynthetic Alveolate Oxyrrhis marina
Authors: C. H. Slamovits, P. J. Keeling
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Reconstructing the history of plastid acquisition and loss in the alveolate protists is a difficult problem because our knowledge of the distribution of plastids in extant lineages is incomplete due to the possible presence of cryptic, nonphotosynthetic plastids in several lineages. The discovery of the apicoplast in apicomplexan parasites has drawn attention to this problem and, more specifically, to the question of whether many other nonphotosynthetic lineages also contain cryptic plastids or are derived from plastid-containing ancestors. Oxyrrhis marina is one such organism: It is a heterotrophic, early-branching member of the dinoflagellate lineage for which there is no evidence of a plastid. To investigate the possibility that O. marina is derived from a photosynthetic ancestor, we have generated and analyzed a large-scale EST database and searched for evidence of plastid-derived genes. Here, we describe 8 genes whose phylogeny shows them to be derived from plastid-targeted homologues. These genes encode proteins from several pathways known to be localized in the plastids of other algae, including synthesis of tetrapyrroles, isoprenoids, and amino acids, as well as carbon metabolism and oxygen detoxification. The 5' end of 5 cDNAs were also characterized using cap-dependent or spliced leader-mediated reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, revealing that at least 4 of these genes have retained leaders that are similar in nature to the plastid-targeting signals of other secondary plastids, suggesting that these proteins may be targeted to a cryptic organelle. At least 2 genes do not encode such leaders, and their products may presently function in the cytosol. Altogether, the presence of plastid-derived genes in O. marina shows that its ancestors contained a plastid, and the pathways represented by the genes and presence of targeting signals on at least some of the genes further suggests that a relict organelle may still exist to fulfill plastid metabolic functions.
A NEW HAZARD IN CERVICAL LAMINECTOMY
Authors: Frederick A. Fender
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Laminectomy for correction of intraspinal lesions at the cervical level long has been considered a relatively safe procedure. Recently, however, I have heard of several instances in which there was postoperative evidence of grave injury to the spinal cord following operations for herniation of a portion of an intervertebral disk in the cervical spine. It was not until three dissimilar cases came to my personal attention that I realized there might be a common denominator responsible for the difficulty quite apart from the operative procedure. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> The patient, whom I attended, was a 72-year-old retired contractor who fell downstairs Oct. 4, 1949, and sustained an anterior dislocation of the sixth cervical vertebra on the seventh. This resulted in pain and disabling weakness of each upper extremity. But there was no motor or sensory disturbance in the lower extremities. The patient was able to walk perfectly well,
Relation of plasma lipoprotein(a) to infarct artery patency in survivors of myocardial infarction.
Authors: D J Moliterno, R A Lange, R S Meidell, J E Willard, C C Leffert, R D Gerard, E Boerwinkle, H H Hobbs, L D Hillis
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND In the minutes to days after myocardial infarction, endogenous lysis of an occlusive coronary arterial thrombus occurs in most subjects. Compared with those in whom thrombolysis does not occur, those with antegrade flow in the infarct artery have improved left ventricular performance, less left ventricular dilatation, and improved survival. This study was performed to assess intrinsic hemostasis and fibrinolysis in survivors of myocardial infarction with or without antegrade perfusion of the infarct artery. METHODS AND RESULTS In 105 survivors of infarction (75 men, 30 women; age, 30 to 80 years) not given thrombolytic therapy, coronary angiography revealed a patent (group 1, n = 52) or occluded (group 2, n = 53) infarct artery. Plasma concentrations of plasminogen, fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator activity, infarct artery. Plasma concentrations of plasminogen, fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins, including lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), were measured in blood procured 23 +/- 13 (mean +/- SD) months after infarction. Groups 1 and 2 were similar in age, sex, race, cardioactive medications, infarct artery, extent of coronary artery disease, and left ventricular performance. Of the plasma constituents assayed, the groups were similar except that Lp(a) averaged 18.5 +/- 21.7 mg/dL in group 1 and 49.1 +/- 44.8 mg/dL in group 2 (P &lt; .001). This difference was evident in both Caucasian (n = 65) (P = .009) and African American (n = 40) (P = .01) subjects. CONCLUSIONS Survivors of myocardial infarction who failed to recanalize the infarct artery have higher plasma Lp(a) concentrations than those with a patent infarct artery. Lp(a) may inhibit intrinsic fibrinolysis.
Nuclear Threat: What About the Russians?
Authors: Russell J. Van Coevering
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The Aug 2 issue of JAMA emphasizes the dangers of nuclear war and lauds the political activism of the American medical profession, especially the Physicians for Social Responsibility, in trying to prevent nuclear  Most disingenuous is the article noting the pledge taken by Soviet physicians to struggle tirelessly for peace, and for the prevention of nuclear war. 1   The Soviet Union currently has between 12,000 and 15,000 nuclear warheads, actively trains all arms in nuclear, biologic, and chemical gear in anticipation of use of these weapons, and has had passive defense programs for the defense of the Nomenklatura (the Russian ruling class) in place for 30 years. At present, the Russians have 1,500 virtually impregnable command bunkers (the one under the Kremlin is a mile underground compared with the North American Air Defense Command in a Cheyenne [Wyo] mountain that is only 30 ft underground), which
Oral Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Tolerance Tests in Parkinsonian Patients
Authors: J. Braham, I. Sarova-Pinhas, M. Crispin, R. Golan, N. Levin, A. Szeinberg
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Reduction of dopamine concentrations in the brains of patients with Parkinsonism, together with reported clinical improvement after the administration of dihydroxyphenylalanine, has led to the hypothesis that impaired hydroxylation of tyrosine may be associated with the disease. To test this hypothesis oral loading tests with L-phenylalanine and tyrosine were carried out in patients and controls. After phenylalanine lower blood levels of this were found in Parkinsonian patients than in controls, but tyrosine levels were the same. After tyrosine lower levels of this were also found in patients compared with controls. It is suggested that these findings indicate a decreased rate of tyrosine utilization in Parkinson9s disease together with intestinal malabsorption; the latter is supported by the finding of abnormal D-xylose tolerance in these patients.
Abstract 2696: Modulation of intracrine androgen signaling in bone metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (bmCRPC) by MDV3100
Authors: Eleni Efstathiou, Mark Titus, Dimitra Tsavachidou, Sijin Wen, Anh Hoang, Robynne Ashe, Maria Karlou, Craig Berman, Patricia Troncoso, James Mohler, Christopher J. Logothetis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Androgen signaling is a central driver in CRPC. We performed a study to determine the effect of the antiandrogen MDV 3100 on bone marrow infiltrating CRPC. Methods From February 2010 to June 2011, we performed an open-label, observational study of 60 bmCRPC patients (pts), who underwent transilial bone marrow biopsy (BMB) at baseline and 8 weeks of treatment. Pts received MDV3100 160mg orally once daily. The primary objective was to evaluate androgen signaling in bone marrow infiltrating cancer and testosterone in blood (BT) and bone marrow (BMT) and correlate findings with clinical observations. Androgen receptor (AR), CYP17 and phospho Src (pSrc) expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and BT and BMT by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Findings Maximal PSA decline of Δ50% occurred in 29 (48%) of 60 pts, and α90% in 13 (22%). Tumor involvement in BMB was detected in 28 (47%) pretreatment BMBs. Paired tumor infiltrated BMBs were found in 23 (38%) pts. Pretreatment androgen signaling and pSrc tumor expression is shown in Table 1. Pretreatment intense nuclear AR expression combined with α10% CYP17 tumor expression or increased BMT correlate with Δ50% PSA decline (p value 0.02). AR subcellular localization shift from dominant nuclear to cytoplasmic correlate with Δ50% PSA decline (p value 0.05). Increased pretreatment p-Src expression is associated with lack of PSA decline (p value 0.002). Increase in BMT and BT is observed after 8 weeks of MDV3100. (Mean Pretreatment BMT 0.03 ng/ml, Wk8 BMT 0.04 in 33pts, p value 0.0009) (Pretreatment BT 0.05, wk8 BT 0.066 in 37 pts, p value 0.0001) Interpretation Pretreatment expression profile is consistent with persistent androgen signaling in bmCRPC. MDV3100 induces ‘pharmacodynamic’ changes in Androgen Signaling. AR changes likely account for the reported therapeutic effect of MDV3100. These data prompt exploratory combinations of MDV3100 with Androgen Biosynthesis Inhibitors and src inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2696. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2696
Gastric ulcer following a thrombotic aneurysm of the splenic artery
Authors: K. Suzuki, H. Takahashi, N. Fujisawa, Y. Sekino, K. Akimoto, A. Tomimoto, K. Saito, M. Yoneda, M. Inamori, Y. Abe, H. Kirikoshi, N. Kobayashi, K. Kubota, S. Saito, S. Koyama, A. Nakajima
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 50-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with upper abdominal pain of sudden onset. He had a 10-year history of hypertension, but no history of peptic ulcer, pancreatic disease, liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal operation, or use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin. The physical examination revealed severe tenderness in the upper abdomen. His white blood cell count was elevated to 14 000/mm3; however, the other data were almost normal.
Carbenicillin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Authors: W A Black, R W Girdwood
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Supplementation of an anaesthetic usually infers the addition of further volatile or intravenous agents.As hyperventilation will have a negligible effect on nitrous oxide uptake, Dr. Leaming is merely potentiating or enhancing nitrous oxide anaesthesia by simultaneously reducing cerebral flow.-Weare, etc.,
Commentary: The lay view
Authors: T. Boase
Journal: BMJ (2009)

If my life had been made unbearable by outsize breasts, and I was finally to undergo the operation leading to their reduction, I think I would be feeling a mixture of anxiety and euphoria as I waited for the anaesthetic. At last, I’d be thinking, life was about to improve immeasurably. No more back ache, chafing, embarrassment, unflattering clothes. Furthest from my mind would be the thought that the surgeons might find cancerous tissue in my breast.

Imagine coming round from the operation: yes, the weight has …
Treatment of Chronic Pain by Acupuncture-Reply
Authors: Peter Ky Lee
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Tsang states that we "concluded that acupuncture is a placebo and that it is hardly worth the time to employ such a technique, since there is no lasting pain relief after four treatments." Nowhere in our manuscript did we make this statement. We did mention in the discussion that the incidence of lasting pain relief that we saw in our patients was no greater than that reported by others from placebos. Thus, the reader was left to reach his own conclusions. We stated, "On the basis of our study, we conclude that a moderate number of patients have relief of chronic pain after a series of four acupuncture treatments. However, it does not matter whether the needles are placed in the typical meridian locations or in arbitrary distant points." We also suggested that there are two ways of interpreting these data in regard to their potential usefulness
Persistent Gastrocutaneous Fistula after Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube Removal
Authors: S. Peter, M. Geyer, C. Beglinger
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Persistent gastrocutaneous fistula after removal of a percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) tube is an uncommon complication [1]; the fistulous tract usually closes spontaneously within 48-72 hours. Factors involved in failure of closure are the duration of PEG tube placement, obesity, persistent cough, fibrosis of the tract, and underlying debilitating disease. Conservative approaches have included parenteral therapy, reduction of the acidic pH of the stomach, and pharmacological acceleration of the gastric emptying time [2] [3]. Traditionally, surgical therapy has been reserved for patients who prove refractory to these measures, though there have been a few reports of patients who have been managed with endoscopic clips [4] [5]. We present a patient with a persistent gastrocutaneous fistula after PEG removal who was treated endoscopically with clips placed across the internal gastric opening.
The Patients&amp;rsquo; Perceptions of Chronic Disease and Its Management: Psychosomatics, Holism and Quality of Life in Contemporary Management of Childhood Asthma
Authors: M.J. Christie, D. French, L. Weatherstone, A. West
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

The paper considers aspects of comprehensive care in relation to contemporary management of childhood asthma: it focusses on assessments of quality of life, examining issues arising in exploration of children's perceptions of the disease and its treatment.
The effect of the introduction of a pigmented lesion clinic on the interval between referral by family practitioner and attendance at hospital
Authors: None Osborne, None Bourke, None Holder, None Colloby, None Graham‐Brown
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The value of pigmented lesion clinics (PLCs) for the early detection and treatment of malignant melanoma has been questioned. We have examined the effect of the introduction of a PLC on the referral interval between patients with melanoma presenting to their general practitioner (GP) and their attendance at hospital. The case notes of all patients presenting with melanoma in Leicestershire between 1984 and 1994 were reviewed. There was a significant initial reduction in the mean referral interval following the introduction of the PLC from 27.9 days (SEM = 6.6) in 1984 to 11.3 (2.3) days in 1987 (P < 0.01). However, the referral interval gradually rose over the following 7 years to a mean of 20.4 (4.4) days in 1994, which was not significantly better than the 1985/86 level. The increase in the referral interval was due to a greater percentage of melanomas being referred to clinics other than the PLC. Only 48% of melanomas were referred to the PLC in 1994 compared with 70% in 1987. We also reviewed the referral letters for those patients presenting in 1991 and 1994, and decided, on the basis of the content of the letter, whether the GP had suspected the diagnosis of melanoma. More than 50% of the melanomas were correctly diagnosed by the GP, but only half of these were then appropriately referred to the PLC. We believe that PLCs are of value in the early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma, but only if they are appropriately utilized by GPs.
Safety and activity of alectinib against systemic disease and brain metastases in patients with crizotinib-resistant ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (AF-002JG): results from the dose-finding portion of a phase 1/2 study
Authors: Shirish M Gadgeel, Leena Gandhi, Gregory J Riely, Alberto A Chiappori, Howard L West, Michele C Azada, Peter N Morcos, Ruey-Min Lee, Linta Garcia, Li Yu, Frederic Boisserie, Laura Di Laurenzio, Sophie Golding, Jotaro Sato, Shumpei Yokoyama, Tomohiro Tanaka, Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Relations of Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output to Body Composition
Authors: Tarquin Collis, Richard B. Devereux, Mary J. Roman, Giovanii de Simone, Jeun-Liang Yeh, Barbara V. Howard, Richard R. Fabsitz, Thomas K. Welty
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Although cardiac output (CO) plays the vital role of delivering nutrients to body tissues, few data are available concerning the relations of stroke volume (SV) and CO to body composition in large population samples. Methods and Results —Doppler and 2D echocardiography and bioelectric impedance in 2744 Strong Heart Study participants were used to calculate SV and CO and to relate them to fat-free body mass (FFM), adipose mass, and demographic variables. Both SV and CO were higher in men than women and in overweight than normal-weight individuals, but these differences were diminished or even reversed by normalization for FFM or body surface area. In both sexes, SV and CO were more strongly related to FFM than adipose mass, other body habitus measures, arterial pressure, diabetes, or age. In multivariate analyses using the average of Doppler and left ventricular SV to minimize measurement variability, FFM was the strongest correlate of SV and CO; other independent correlates were adipose mass, systolic pressure, diabetes, age, and use of digoxin and calcium channel and β-blockers. Conclusions —In a population-based sample, SV and CO are more strongly related to FFM than other variables; increased FFM may be the primary determinant of increased SV and CO in obesity.
A new approach to evaluate the impact of climate on human mortality.
Authors: L S Kalkstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The objective of this study is to introduce a new procedure to determine the impact of climate on human mortality with the use of a synoptic climatological approach. The holistic nature of synoptic categories allows for the simultaneous evaluation of numerous weather elements as they realistically appear within air masses. In addition, this approach allows for a better distinction between pollution-induced mortality and weather-induced mortality. A synoptic categorization was performed for St. Louis, Missouri, and each category was evaluated in terms of its mean daily mortality. Of 10 summer categories found in St. Louis, one possessed the highest mean mortality by far, and 8 of the top 10 mortality days in St. Louis occurred when this category was present. Further analysis determined that long, consecutive day periods of this hot, oppressive category are associated with a continuing rise in mortality. It was determined that the procedure described here has the potential to be used in a weather/mortality watch-warning system. Finally, it appears that day-to-day mortality fluctuations are much more sensitive to weather than to pollution concentrations, as the oppressive category associated with the greatest mortality possessed levels of six major pollutants that were not noteworthy.
Hydrogen peroxide utilization in myeloperoxidase-deficient leukocytes: a possible microbicidal control mechanism
Authors: Seymour J. Klebanoff, Stephanie H. Pincus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Phagocytosis-induced formate and glucose C-1 oxidation by the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of a patient with hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency was considerably greater than normal. The addition of catalase to the leukocyte suspension was required for optimum formate oxidation. Azide and cyanide increased glucose C-1 oxidation by normal leukocytes but had little or no effect on myeloperoxidase-deficient leukocytes suggesting that these agents normally stimulate glucose C-1 oxidation, in part, by inhibition of myeloperoxidase. It is suggested that the inhibition or absence of myeloperoxidase results in an increased utilization of H(2)O(2) in nonmyeloperoxidase-mediated H(2)O(2)-dependent reactions such as formate oxidation and hexose monophosphate pathway activation. The possibility of a microbicidal control mechanism in which a decrease in the microbicidal activity of myeloperoxidase is offset, in part, by an increase in the nonenzymatic microbicidal activity of H(2)O(2) is considered.
Exercise training improves biventricular oxidative metabolism and left ventricular efficiency in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kira Q. Stolen, Jukka Kemppainen, Heikki Ukkonen, Kari K. Kalliokoski, Matti Luotolahti, Pertti Lehikoinen, Helena Hämäläinen, Tiina Salo, K.E. Juhani Airaksinen, Pirjo Nuutila, Juhani Knuuti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Recent Investigations on Rheumatism and Arthritis in the United States
Authors: P. S. Hench
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1940)

THE incidence of " rheumatism and allied diseases " on a given day in the United States has been estimated114 to be about one case (0.099 per cent.) per 1,000 persons.The incidence according to age and sex per 1,000 persons was as follows: less than 05 case among persons less than fifteen years of age; 0-9 among those aged fifteen to sixty-four years, and 5-4 for those aged sixty-five years or more.The incidence for females was twice that for males.In the arthritis clinic of the Presbyterian Hospital, New York, the percentage incidence of the commoner forms was about as follows: osteo-arthritis 30, rheumatoid arthritis 25, non-articular rheumatism 20, traumatic and postural arthritis 10, rheumatic fever 5, gonorrhceal arthritis 3, gout 1, miscellaneous 6.45 GONORRHCEAL ARTHRms Despite efforts of national and civic bodies there is as yet no significant reduction in the incidence of gonorrhoea in the United States.According to a recent survey 115 the incidence per 1,000 population varied from a maximum of 46-6 white males, 69-9 negro males, 15-1 white females and 46-5 negro females to a minimum of 2-3 white males, 6-6 negro males, 0-2 white females and 2*2 negro females in various American localities.The incidence of gonorrhceal arthritis among cases of gonorrhoea is generally considered to be about 2 or 3 per cent.