tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital Abnormalities Following Gestational Rubella in Chinese
Authors: J. Thomas Grayston
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Taiwan (Formosa), after 14 years without rubella, had a large island-wide outbreak in 1957 through 1958 involving an estimated 1 million cases. One hundred and seventeen pregnant women who suffered rubella were indentified while still pregnant and the results of their pregnancies were followed-up for five years. Of 35 pregnancies in women with rubella during the first trimester, four ended in spontaneous abortion, two in stillbirth, and three in neonatal death. Ten of the live-born children (including one that died during the neonatal period) had congenital abnormalities. Six deaths were of functional significance. The ear was involved in five, the eyes in five, the heart in four, and subnormal intelligence was demonstrated in four. The risk of a tragic outcome attributable to rubella in pregnant women was about 25%. This study, to our knowledge the first reported in an Oriental population, has given results similar to prospective studies in white women.
Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen and Risk for Hepatitis C–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kazuki Ikeda, Hiroyuki Marusawa, Yukio Osaki, Takefumi Nakamura, Naoto Kitajima, Yukitaka Yamashita, Masatoshi Kudo, Tosiya Sato, Tsutomu Chiba
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and occult HBV infection may have an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Objective: To prospectively study the association between antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and clinical outcomes in patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Kyoto University Hospital and 14 regional core hospitals in Japan. Participants: 872 patients with chronic HCV infection (597 with chronic hepatitis and 275 with cirrhosis). Measurements: Incidence of HCC on follow-up (from 1995 to 2005). Results: Only 846 of the 872 enrolled patients were followed. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in 237 of 846 patients (28.0%) during follow-up. Among patients with cirrhosis, HCC was diagnosed in 85 of 141 patients (60.3%) with anti-HBc and 58 of 129 patients (45.0%) without HBV-related serologic markers. Of 224 patients with chronic hepatitis who had interferon monotherapy, 92 (41.1%) had sustained or transient disappearance of HCV RNA. None of the anti-HBc–negative patients who had a virologic response to interferon therapy developed HCC, whereas cancer was diagnosed in 4 of 37 anti-HBc–positive patients (10.8%) with a virologic response to interferon. On multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model, anti-HBc–positive results on serologic testing was an independent risk factor in patients with cirrhosis (incidence rate ratio, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.12 to 2.22]). Limitations: The study included only 1 assessment of smoking and alcohol consumption at study entry and did not precisely determine the duration of smoking or alcohol use. Conclusions: Anti-HBc–positive results on serologic testing are a marker of high risk for HCC among patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. Interferon therapy might be less effective in preventing HCC among patients with chronic hepatitis C who are anti-HBc–positive than in those with chronic hepatitis C who are anti-HBc–negative.
Letter: Distribution and supervision of oral contraceptives.
Authors: N Chisholm, E C Grant
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Meningococcal Infection SIR,-We are concerned about the recent upsurge in meningococcal infection in the London area and have been impressed by the severity of the disease and its fulninant course.We would like to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in reducing mortality, which still remains unacceptably high.Indications for chemoprophylaxis are de- bata'ble, but when this course of action has been decided upon the choice of drugs rests between a sulphonamide, minocycline, or rifampicin.We suggest that rifampicin should not be used because of the rapid development of drug resistance in vitro.Of the remaining alternatives sulphonamide, which has ibeen well tried and has given good results, is preferable unless local strains are known to be resistant.The overall incidence of sulphonamide-resistant meningococci in the United Kingdom appears to be 10-15%, but our experience in London suggests that such resistance is un- usual.Minocycline has been shown to be of value in prophylaxis, especially when there is a high proportion of sulphonamideresistant strains, but experience with this antibiotic is limited and further critical assessment is necessary.Penicillin, which is essential in treatment, is not effective in prophylaxis.-Weare, etc.,
Tuberculosis of the larynx.
Authors: T. R. Bull
Journal: BMJ (1966)

MemorandaB 991 100 ml.conjugated bilirubin) ; serum calcium 9.2 mg./100 ml. ; serum electrolytes normal; plasma proteins 8.6 g./100 ml.(albumin 3.1 g., globulin 5.5 g.).Plasma protein electrophoresis showed the increase in the globulin to be diffusely distributed in the gamma-globulin range.Blood culture negative; Coombs test negative.Examination of the urine showed 50 white cells per high-power field.A significant growth of Escherichia coli was isolated.Radiological examination: hands and long bones revealed nothing abnormal; skull vault showed slight thickening, spine showed osteoporosis ; chest had enlarged hilar and paratracheal lymph nodes.Intravenous Urography.-Therenal outlines were well seen and were normal in size and shape.No evidence of intrarenal calcifica- tion was seen.There was good bilateral excretion of contrast medium from the kidneys.Caliceal clubbing was noted in the upper and middle right groups of calices, and medullary cavities were seen arising from their papillary ends.On the left side smaller cavities were seen arising from the upper and lower calices.A long ragged cavity was seen in the middle calix, extending into the renal medulla.The appearances were reported as consistent with moderately advanced renal papillary necrosis (Special Plate, Figs. 1 and2).
Differential effects of adenosine and nitroglycerin on the action potentials of large and small coronary arteries.
Authors: D R Harder, L Belardinelli, N Sperelakis, R Rubio, R M Berne
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We used intracellular microelectrodes to study some membrane electrical properties of isolated large (>1.0 nun) and small (<500 /un) coronary arteries of the dog.The resting membrane potential (Em) was not significantly different in large arteries and small arteries (average of -56 mV and -53 mV, respectively) nor was the input resistance (9 MO and 10 MO, respectively).Spontaneous action potentials were not present in vessels of either size, and action potentials could not be induced by electrical stimulation.Addition of tetraethylammonium ion (TEA, 10 mM) rapidly induced overshooting action potentials on electrical stimulation in both large and small arteries.The amplitude of the action potential increased as a function of log [Ca 1+ ]o, the slope of the curve being 30 mV/decade in the large and small arteries, thus demonstrating that Ca I+ carries most of the inward current during the action potential.Verapamil (10~e M) blocked these Ca 1+ -dependent action potentials in both the large and small coronaries.Adenosine (1CT 6 M) blocked the action potential in the small coronary arteries but had no effect on the action potential in the large coronary arteries.In contrast, nitroglycerin (10~6 M) blocked the action potential in the large coronary arteries but not in the small arteries.The results of this study demonstrate that adenosine blocks Ca 1+ inward current preferentially in small coronary arteries, and nitroglycerin blocks the Ca 1+ current preferentially in large coronary arteries.These observations are consonant with a role for adenosine in the metabolic regulation of coronary blood flow in the small coronary vessels.
An Infant With Atrophic and Wrinkled Abdominal Skin
Authors: Mahwish Irfan, Kate Lowenthal, Thomas Helm, Zdenka Safar, Ilene Rothman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Enzyme Neurosis—A Clinician's Plan for Standardization
Authors: Rosaline A. Coleman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 August 1994Enzyme Neurosis—A Clinician's Plan for StandardizationRosaline A. Coleman, MDRosaline A. Coleman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The experience of Dr. Vladutiu's laboratory provides additional evidence that patients with various biochemical deficiencies are being diagnosed in adulthood. However, it is highly likely that adults with metabolic myopathies were symptomatic in childhood but that weakness, cramps, or fatigue were overlooked or ignored by pediatricians who diagnosed “growing pains” or even “laziness.” In my experience, each of the four adults with McArdle disease had cramps in childhood, but myopathy was not considered until the advent of rhabdomyolysis.Dr. Langdon writes amusingly and with feeling about variations among hospitals in the “normal” values for enzyme units. We were ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 3Page: 235KeywordsEmotionsEnzymesFatigueResearch laboratoriesRhabdomyolysis Issue Published: 1 August 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Antimony: an unlikely confounder in the relationship between well water arsenic and health outcomes in Bangladesh.
Authors: Kathleen M McCarty, David B Senn, Molly L Kile, Quazi Quamruzzaman, Mahmuder Rahman, Golam Mahiuddin, David C Christiani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Recent in vitro studies have suggested a potential role for antimony as a confounder in human health studies related to arsenic in drinking water. We measured tube-well water concentrations of antimony and arsenic in the Pabna region of Bangladesh, where arsenic concentrations are known to be elevated and the concentrations of antimony have not yet been thoroughly documented. Two hundred forty-five tube-well water samples were collected from various regions in Pabna, Bangladesh, as part of an ongoing case-control study. Water samples were analyzed for arsenic and antimony concentrations by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 200.8. The arsenic concentrations in the tube-well water samples ranged from < 1 microg/L to 747 microg/L. All 245 water samples had antimony concentrations < 1 microg/L. Based on consideration of the concentrations used the in vitro studies compared with field-observed concentrations, our results do not support the hypothesis that antimony would be a significant confounder in observed relationships between arsenic exposure through drinking water and potential health outcomes in Pabna, Bangladesh.
Prolonged Therapeutic Hypothermia After Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults
Authors: Lauralyn A. McIntyre, Dean A. Fergusson, Paul C. Hébert, David Moher, James S. Hutchison
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The benefits of therapeutic hypothermia as a treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear.To explore the effects of depth, duration, and rate of rewarming after discontinuation of hypothermia on mortality and neurologic outcome in adults after TBI.An electronic search of MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, Current Contents, the Cochrane library and a hand search of key journals were performed. Corresponding authors of identified studies were contacted for additional unpublished or ongoing clinical trials.All randomized controlled trials of therapeutic hypothermia for at least 24 hours vs normothermia in adults with TBI.Demographic and clinical data, hypothermia interventions and cointerventions, mortality and neurologic outcomes, and methodological quality were abstracted by 2 independent reviewers.Twelve trials met eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. We also performed subanalyses by different hypothermia interventions (ie, depth, duration, and rapidity of rewarming after hypothermia) and methodological quality. Therapeutic hypothermia was associated with a 19% reduction in the risk of death (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.96) and a 22% reduction in the risk of poor neurologic outcome (95% CI, 0.63-0.98) compared with normothermia. Hypothermia longer than 48 hours was associated with a reduction in the risks of death and of poor neurologic outcome (relative risk [RR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56-0.87 and RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48-0.89, respectively) compared with normothermia. Hypothermia to a target temperature between 32 degrees C and 33 degrees C, a duration of 24 hours, and rewarming within 24 hours were all associated with reduced risks of poor neurologic outcome compared with normothermia. Assessment of methodological quality did not reveal evidence of bias.Therapeutic hypothermia may reduce the risks of mortality and poor neurologic outcome in adults with TBI. Outcomes were influenced, however, by depth and duration of hypothermia as well as rate of rewarming (<or=24 hours) after discontinuation of hypothermia. Nonetheless, the evidence is not yet sufficient to recommend routine use of therapeutic hypothermia for TBI outside of research settings.
Responses to a Payment Policy Denying Professional Charges for Diagnostic Imaging by Nonradiologist Physicians
Authors: Bruce J. Hillman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the impact of a payment policy denying reimbursement for the imaging-related professional services of nonradiologist physicians by comparing the use of and expenditures for diagnostic imaging examinations before and after implementation of the policy. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective economic evaluation of claims and expenditures for diagnostic imaging examinations filed by physicians practicing in the 20 US counties having the greatest number of United Mine Workers of America Health and Retirement Funds (hereafter referred to as Funds) beneficiaries. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Insurance claims database of Funds beneficiaries, most of whom are elderly and live in rural communities and small towns. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —The January 1,1993, implementation of a reimbursement policy denying payment of professional claims for diagnostic imaging of nonradiologist physicians. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Numbers and types of eligible claims and Funds payments for diagnostic imaging examinations during the year before and after the intervention, normalized for changes in the number of beneficiaries. <h3>Results.</h3> —Despite the rejection of $811 466 in claims disallowed by the policy, the Funds paid 12% more for diagnostic imaging performed in the 20 counties we studied during 1993 than during 1992. The Funds reimbursed 41% more claims per beneficiary for diagnostic imaging in 1993 than in 1992 (<i>t</i>=-8.03,<i>P</i>&lt;.0001). The absolute number of professional claims per beneficiary increased more than did technical or global claims. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Despite a payment policy designed, in part, to reduce the Funds' imaging-related expenditures, the physicians we studied filed more claims, leading to greater expenditures. An increased number of self-referred technical claims and greater referral to hospital radiology departments likely account for most of the observed increases in utilization and costs. (JAMA. 1995;274:885-887)
Abstract 3272: Chromosome engineered mouse model for human 8q24 amplicon observed in breast cancer patients
Authors: Yuen-Yi Tseng, Kathryn L. Schwertfeger, Anindya Bagchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Chromosomal abnormalities like deletion, amplification and translocation are hallmarks of almost all the cancers. Amplification of human 8q24, a locus that contains the proto-oncogene C-MYC has been implicated in many human cancers, particularly in solid tumors. Importantly, this amplification is often associated with poor progonosis of breast cancer. Mouse models for studying the effects of c-Myc overexpression have been helpful in elucidating its in neoplastic transformation. However, the mammary tumors arising in these transgenic animals are focal and form with variable latency, strongly suggesting the need for additional genetic lesion to mirror the highly penetrant and aggressive tumors associated with C-MYC amplification. Moreover, in many cancers, C-MYC is co-amplified with the neighboring genetic elements which have also been implicated in tumorigenesis in multiple studies. We argue that overexpression of C-MYC alone is not sufficient to result in the poor prognosis seen in the breast cancer patients with 8q24 amplification and hypothesize that additional genes in the 8q24 amplicon contribute substantially to the mammary tumor initiation and/or aggressive progression of neoplasia. To test this hypothesis, we are modeling this genetic lesion in mice by using chromosome engineering to generate an altered allele containing a 4.5 Mb amplification in mouse chromosome 15 syntenic to Hu 8q24. The tumor susceptibility of these mice are compared with the ones that harbor an amplification of c-myc gene alone. Also, human breast tumors arising from BRCA1 mutations have been reported to have higher incidence of 8q24 amplifications (53%) than are usually found in sporadic breast cancers (10-15%). We hypothesize that a 4.5 Mb amplification of 8q24 has deleterious effects on BRCA1 linked breast cancer, resulting in poor outcome in these patients. To test this hypothesis, we will cross the mice carrying amplification of the 4.5 Mb c-myc locus with brca1 mutant mice. The effects of these amplifications on mammary tumorigenesis will be assessed by scoring the latency of mammary tumors arising in these mice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3272.
Primary hepatic pregnancy.
Authors: N. G. Kirby
Journal: BMJ (1969)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Plant evolution has been a complex process involving hybridization and polyploidization making understanding the origin and evolution of a plant's genome challenging even once a published genome is available. The oilseed crop, <i>Camelina sativa</i> (<i>Brassicaceae)</i>, has a fully sequenced allohexaploid genome with three unknown ancestors. To better understand which extant species best represent the ancestral genomes that contributed to <i>C. sativa</i>'s formation, we sequenced and assembled chromosome level draft genomes for four diploid members of <i>Camelina</i>: <i>C. neglecta C. hispida</i> var. <i>hispida</i>, <i>C. hispida</i> var. <i>grandiflora</i> and C. <i>laxa</i> using long and short read data scaffolded with proximity data. We then conducted phylogenetic analyses on regions of synteny and on genes described for <i>Arabidopsis thaliana,</i> from across each nuclear genome and the chloroplasts to examine evolutionary relationships within <i>Camelina</i> and <i>Camelineae</i>. We conclude that <i>C. neglecta</i> is closely related to <i>C. sativa</i>'s sub-genome 1 and that <i>C. hispida</i> var. <i>hispida</i> and <i>C. hispida</i> var. <i>grandiflora</i> are most closely related to <i>C. sativa</i>'s sub-genome 3. Further, the abundance and density of transposable elements, specifically <i>Helitrons</i>, suggest that the progenitor genome that contributed <i>C. sativa</i>'s sub-genome 3 maybe more similar to the genome of <i>C. hispida</i> var. <i>hispida</i> than that of <i>C. hispida</i> var. <i>grandiflora.</i> These diploid genomes show few structural differences when compared to <i>C. sativa</i>'s genome indicating little change to chromosome structure following allopolyploidization. This work also indicates that <i>C. neglecta</i> and <i>C. hispida</i> are important resources for understanding the genetics of <i>C. sativa</i> and potential resources for crop improvement.
Structural changes in gill DNA reveal the effects of contaminants on Puget Sound fish.
Authors: Donald C Malins, John J Stegeman, Jack W Anderson, Paul M Johnson, Jordan Gold, Katie M Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Structural differences were identified in gill DNA from two groups of English sole collected from Puget Sound, Washington, in October 2000. One group was from the industrialized Duwamish River (DR) in Seattle and the other from relatively clean Quartermaster Harbor (QMH). Chemical markers of sediment contamination [e.g., polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] established that the DR was substantially more contaminated than QMH. The levels of these chemicals in the sediments of both sites were consistent with levels of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) expression in the gills of English sole from the same sites. Structural differences in gill DNA between the groups were evinced via statistical models of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Marked structural damage was found in the gill DNA of the DR fish as reflected in differences in base functional groups (e.g., C-O and NH2) and conformational properties (e.g., arising from perturbations in vertical base stacking interactions). These DNA differences were used to discriminate between the two fish groups through principal components analysis of mean FT-IR spectra. In addition, logistic regression analysis allowed for the development of a "DNA damage index" to assess the effects of contaminants on the gill. The evidence implies that environmental chemicals contribute to the DNA changes in the gill. The damaged DNA is a promising marker for identifying, through gill biopsies, contaminant effects on fish.