tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Pathogenesis of Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: WALTER M. BORTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Elevation of serum cholesterol level is caused by decreased output and increased input. Increased input, as manifested by increased synthesis, seems to be the more common mechanism. Many of the acknowledged risk factors in the development of coronary artery disease are characterized by increased cholesterol formation. It is proposed that the most frequent biologic risk factor that underlies a large number of the many other seemingly separate effectors is the excessive flux of fat to the liver.
THE NATION'S SIN OF OMISSION.Read before the Texas State Medical Association at Austin, April, 1894.
Authors: T. J. BENNETT
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The Constitution of the United States guarantees to every citizen life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The laws of the country have been framed by wise men, after careful study and observation, looking to these ends; and, in a sense, every enlightened government is "paternal." It is jealous of any infringement of these rights, and the humblest citizen can claim, and through the courts receive, protection in his life, liberty and property; and any trespasser upon either is swiftly punished. The arbitrary arrest, in a foreign country, of the humblest person claiming protection of the stars and stripes, is resented, his liberty secured, and restitution demanded, and the demand is backed, if need be, by the whole military and naval power of the country. The laws in respect to life and liberty, and in regard to peaceful possession of one's own, and the enjoyment of the fruits of his
Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: André Vincentelli, Sophie Susen, Thierry Le Tourneau, Isabelle Six, Olivier Fabre, Francis Juthier, Anne Bauters, Christophe Decoene, Jenny Goudemand, Alain Prat, Brigitte Jude
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Aortic-valve stenosis can be complicated by bleeding that is associated with acquired type 2A von Willebrand syndrome. However, the prevalence and cause of the hemostatic abnormality in aortic stenosis are unknown.We enrolled 50 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis, who completed a standardized screening questionnaire to detect a history of bleeding. Forty-two patients with severe aortic stenosis underwent valve replacement. Platelet function under conditions of high shear stress, von Willebrand factor collagen-binding activity and antigen levels, and the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor were assessed at base line and one day, seven days, and six months postoperatively.Skin or mucosal bleeding occurred in 21 percent of the patients with severe aortic stenosis. Platelet-function abnormalities under conditions of high shear stress, decreased von Willebrand factor collagen-binding activity and the loss of the largest multimers, or a combination of these was present in 67 to 92 percent of patients with severe aortic stenosis and correlated significantly with the severity of valve stenosis. Primary hemostatic abnormalities were completely corrected on the first day after surgery but tended to recur at six months, especially when there was a mismatch between patient and prosthesis (with an effective orifice area of less than 0.8 cm2 per square meter of body-surface area).Type 2A von Willebrand syndrome is common in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Von Willebrand factor abnormalities are directly related to the severity of aortic stenosis and are improved by valve replacement in the absence of mismatch between patient and prosthesis.
Inflammation restraining effects of prostaglandin E2 on natural killer–dendritic cell (NK-DC) interaction are imprinted during DC maturation
Authors: Catharina H. M. J. Van Elssen, Joris Vanderlocht, Tammy Oth, Birgit L. M. G. Senden-Gijsbers, Wilfred T. V. Germeraad, Gerard M. J. Bos
Journal: Blood (2011)
Behavior in vivo of normal and dysfunctional C1 inhibitor in normal subjects and patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema.
Authors: M Quastel, R Harrison, M Cicardi, C A Alper, F S Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The metabolism of normal C1 inhibitor and two dysfunctional C1 inhibitors (Ta and WeI) was studied in 10 normal subjects and 8 patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE), 4 with low antigen concentration (type 1) and 4 with dysfunctional protein (type 2). The fractional catabolic rate of the normal C1 inhibitor in normal subjects was 0.025 of the plasma pool/hour, whereas in HANE subjects it was significantly elevated at 0.035 of the plasma pool/hour. The synthesis of normal C1 inhibitor was decreased in patients with type 1 HANE (0.087 mg/ kg per h compared with 0.218 mg/kg per h). The fractional catabolic rate of dysfunctional protein WeI was similar to normal and showed a slightly accelerated catabolism in patients with HANE, whereas the dysfunctional protein Ta had a strikingly decreased fractional catabolic rate in normals and subjects with HANE. The present study is compatible with reduced C1 inhibitor synthesis in patients with type 1 HANE consistent with a single functional C1 inhibitor gene. The lower than anticipated levels of C1 inhibitor in HANE type 1 appears to result from (a) the single functional gene and (b) increased catabolism of the protein, perhaps related to activation of C1 or other proteases.
EOSINOPHIL VARIATION IN THE COURSE OF INSULIN COMA THERAPY
Authors: HARLEY C. SHANDS, DORIS MENZER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

We have investigated the numbers of circulating eosinophils in schizophrenic patients in relation to the hypoglycemia induced by the injection of insulin before, during, and after a routine course of insulin coma therapy. In the period prior to ICT, these patients demonstrate an orderly relation between these 2 indices of function, and this relation is meaningful in the light of the clinical manifestations noted. In the course of ICT there is a loss of the eosinophil-decreasing effect of hypoglycemia in all patients, and in two-thirds of the group there is in addition a considerable eosinophilia. Subsequent to ICT, there is a dissociation between eosinophil numbers and blood sugar level and a very pronounced lack of clinical response in the face of more severe hypoglycemia. The possible significance of these results is discussed.
Anna Freud: The Dream of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Howard A. Winkler
Journal: JAMA (1992)

There are many pleasures and gratifications involved in reviewing books, and perhaps one of the greatest is finding one that is both good reading and informative.<i>Anna Freud: The Dream of Psychoanalysis</i>is such a book. The word<i>psychoanalysis</i>conjures up many mental images, not all of which are favorable and many of which are pejorative, but this book, I believe, might delight both the advocates of psychoanalysis and its most formidable opponents. The writing is lucid, the material is clearly delineated, and no polemics are involved. Anna Freud is portrayed "warts and all." What Robert Coles has done so well is to illuminate through vignettes a life dedicated to caring for others—first Anna Freud's father, Sigmund Freud, during his long bout with cancer, and then, throughout her long and productive life, children from all walks of life, including children escaping from Nazi brutalities and those of bombed-out Great Britain.
TCT-708 "Paradoxical" low flow low gradient severe aortic valve stenosis - an entity with limited improvement following transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Markus Reinthaler, Georg Fröhlich, Pascal Meier, Robin Chung, Sunil Aggarwal, Rodney De Palma, Antonis Pantazis, Neil Roberts, Michael J. Mullen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
NHS reforms could make hospitals safer and more open, MPs hear
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The shake up of the NHS in England provides a “golden opportunity” to force hospital trusts to be more transparent and give patients the information they need to make a choice about their treatment, the founder of the campaign group Cure the NHS has told MPs.

Julie Bailey was giving opening evidence to the House of Commons Health Committee, which has launched an inquiry into NHS patients’ complaints and litigation.

She set up the group after her mother was admitted to Stafford Hospital in 2007 for a routine hernia operation, had a fall on the ward, and never recovered. Pressure from the group led to a series of inquiries into …
Memory effector (CD45RO+) and cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells appear early in the margin zone of spreading psoriatic lesions in contrast to cells expressing natural killer receptors, which appear late
Authors: W.H.P.M. Vissers, C.H.M. Arndtz, L. Muys, P.E.J. Van Erp, E.M.G. De Jong, P.C.M. Van De Kerkhof
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

An influx of immunocytes, increased epidermal proliferation and abnormal keratinization are hallmarks of the psoriatic lesion. T-lymphocyte subsets in particular activated effector memory T cells and natural killer (NK) T cells have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.In the present study we investigated the number of T-cell subsets (CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD45RA, CD2, CD25), cells expressing NK receptors (CD94 and CD161), the proliferation marker Ki67 and the keratinization marker keratin (K10) across the margin of the spreading psoriatic plaque: distant uninvolved skin, the outer margin (immediately outside the clinical edge), the inner margin (immediately inside the clinical edge) and the central area.Eight patients with active psoriasis vulgaris participated in this study. Biopsies were taken from the spreading psoriatic lesion from the distant uninvolved skin, the outer margin, the inner margin and the central area. Biopsies were processed for immunohistochemical staining.In the outer margin CD8+ (cytotoxic T cells) and CD45RO+ (memory effector T cells) T lymphocytes invade the epidermis and in this early stage the activation markers CD2 and CD25 also show a substantial increase. The next phase, from the outer to the inner margin, shows a statistically significant increase of these markers, and especially, the cells expressing NK receptors (CD94 and CD161) show a massive increase together with a significant increase of epidermal proliferation (Ki67) and a decrease of the K10+ epidermal surface.CD8+, CD45RO+, CD2+ and CD25+ T cells have a role in the early phase of the psoriatic process, whereas CD94- and CD161-expressing cells together with epidermal proliferation and keratinization are involved in a later phase.
All people with dementia need accurate assessment and ongoing support
Authors: S. M. Benbow, I. Greaves, D. Jolley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Le Couteur and colleagues warn that effort and money may be wasted if we lose our focus.1 Activity that might be appropriate for research is sometimes wrongly translated into routine clinical work, where it adds nothing useful, but can cause harm. Memory clinics are said to be of unproved worth, to generate stress as well as expectations, to risk excess …
John Locke (1632-1704), Physician and Philosopher: A Medical Biography
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

John Locke the philosopher stands as one of the commanding figures of the 17th century. John Locke the physician is much less well known. All biographies of Locke do indeed refer briefly to his medical interests, but the full extent of his medical commitment, and the degree to which medicine claimed his attention despite his many other activities, has never before been made clear. Dr. Dewhurst, consulting the extensive Locke manuscript sources, has produced a full-length "medical biography." In the biographical sections the author brings to life the exciting period of the latter 17th century, following the Restoration, and indicates the intellectual, scientific, medical, and political crosscurrents of that era. In addition the book presents relevant selections from Locke's manuscript journals. Dr. Dewhurst has combed the manuscripts for entries of medical significance, and to these excerpts he has provided excellent annotation. The material covers the years 1675-1698, and is especially
Principles and Practice of Medical Intensive Care
Authors: P. G M Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Although Carlson and Geheb claim that this book is meant to be useful at the bedside and as a reference, with 1800 pages it is unlikely to fit into your white coat pocket. It is written from an American internal medicine perspective and covers its subject comprehensively in 149 chapters organised rationally into 13 sections, mostly based on physiological systems but also including organisation, resuscitation, monitoring, nutrition, and ethics. Its tone is authoritative but not didactic, and the systemic chapters flow from pathophysiology to therapy …
Incorporation of Labelled Amino Acid into Protein by Cultured Human Lymphocytes in Health and Disease.
Authors: Gabriel H. Schwartz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Incorporation of Labelled Amino Acid into Protein by Cultured Human Lymphocytes in Health and Disease.Gabriel H. Schwartz, M.D., Robert R. Riggio, M.D., Kurt H. Stenzel, M.D., Albert L. Rubin, M.D., F.A.C.P.Gabriel H. Schwartz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert R. Riggio, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Kurt H. Stenzel, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Albert L. Rubin, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1044_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA method has been developed for studying lymphocyte function in various disease states, including uremia, neoplasia, macroglobinemia, autoimmune diseases, hyperglobulinemic conditions, transplantation, and others. The technique reproducibly measures incorporation of radioactive amino acid into trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitable counts by human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. The technique in outline is as follows. Erythrocytes are sedimented from heparinized blood with gelatin, neutrophils adsorbed onto nylon, and lymphocytes washed and counted. Lymphocytes are cultured overnight in duplicate at 37 C in a carbon dioxide incubator in leucine-free media to which14C leucine is added. No serum is required. After lysing the erythrocytes,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1044-1044KeywordsAmino acidsAutoimmune diseasesBloodCarbon dioxideLeucineLymphocytesNeutrophilsProteinsTransplantationTricyclic antidepressants Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Management of Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Robert Gaudet
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editors.—  The article by Hoeg et al 1 provided valuable guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of persons with elevated levels of serum lipids. Individuals with serum cholesterol in the upper tenth percentile for their age and sex are considered to be at high risk for atherosclerotic sequelae. Those with levels in the 75th to 90th percentiles are considered to be at moderate risk. The authors advocate screening virtually all persons for elevated cholesterol levels using automated analyzers. These devices output the results of chemical panels or single cholesterol values on preprinted forms. In many laboratories the results are compared with a previously determined normal range. Chemistry values above the normal range are flagged (usually with H, +, or *) or set aside in separate columns to indicate abnormality. Normal ranges are set according to manufacturers' specifications based on population studies or from the laboratory's previous experience. Although techniques used
542. Development and Characterization of Ultrasound Responsive Microbubbles for Gene Delivery
Authors: Ine Lentacker, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Joseph Demeester, Niek N. Sanders
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Ultrasound in combination with microbubbles (sonoporation) has recently acquired much attention in the field of gene delivery. The mechanism by which ultrasound mediates cellular delivery has been ascribed as cavitation. Cavitation is the alternate growing and shrinking of microbubbles as a result of the high and low pressure waves of the ultrasound. Eventually, these cavitating microbubbles can also implode due to these high pressure waves.The cavitation and especially the implosion of microbubbles generate local shock waves and microjets that can temporally perforate the cell membrane. However, a major limitation of the currently available microbubbles is that they have a short lifetime, and neither bind or protect the therapeutic DNA against nuclease. Consequently, the aim of this work was to develop ultrasound responsive microbubbles which can bind and protect DNA against nucleases. We developed new microbubbles by coating classic albumin microbubbles with a cationic charged polymer via the layer-by-layer technique. Albumin microbubbles were prepared by sonicating a dextrose- albumin solution with perfluorobutane gas. Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) coated microbubbles were prepared starting from the microbubbles above using the Layer-by-Layer technique. About 90% of the uncoated and coated microbubbles had a size between 1 and 5 μm. Coating of the microbubbles with PAH, turned the surface charge positive. The albumin shell (green) of the uncoated microbubbles and the PAH coat (red) of the coated microbubbles was subsequently visualized using CSLM (figure 1A and 1B ). The appearance of a red colored ring around the microbubbles further proved that the microbubbles are indeed coated with PAH. Incubation of unlabeled, uncoated microbubbles with green labeled pDNA resulted in a rather homogeneous distribution of the fluorescence (Figure 1C). However, an accumulation of the pDNA around the microbubbles occurred when the unlabeled PAH coated microbubbles were incubated wih the green labeled pDNA (Figure 1D). Similar conclusions could be drawn from zeta potential measurements. The maximum loading capacity of the PAH coated microbubbles was estimated around 0.1 pg/ microbubble. A 5-fold increase of the half-life of the microbubbles was obtained after coating them with PAH. The ability of the microbubbles to protect pDNA against nuclease cleavage was tested using gel electrophoresis. The uncoated microbubbles were not able to protect pDNA from degradation by DNase I. Oppositely the PAH coated microbubbles were able to prevent degradation.
Immunopathology of the Renal Glomerulus: Immune Complex Deposit and Antibasement Membrane Disease
Authors: Cecil A. Krakower
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This monograph recounts the senior author's earlier and more recent experimental studies on serum sickness glomerulonephritis and its relationship to immune complexes. It also deals with his study of 213 human renal biopsies by light and electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence. According to the authors there are two main forms of experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis. One involves the peripheral capillary loops of the glomerulus, and is due to small soluble antigen-antibody complexes that form aggregates in the subepithelial portions of the basement membrane. The second form involves the mesangium and the subendothelial areas of the glomerulus, and is due to the lodgment in these areas of large, poorly soluble complexes. With respect to the human material, a new classification of the socalled immune complex diseases of the glomerulus is proposed, based in the main on the two patterns of glomerular involvement observed experimentally. The authors attempt to relate the pathogenesis
Transplant: The Give and Take of Tissue Transplantation
Authors: Robert E. McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The concept of transplanting organs from one kind of animal to another has fascinated artists, mythologists, and scientists since the time of the ancient Greek Chimera—a shegoat with the head of a lion and the tail of a dragon. Yet it was left to the miracles of modern medicine to see "organ grafting move from a rare curiosity to the center of the medical stage." Of all the major developments in medicine in the past century, including the introduction of anesthesia, blood replacement (a form of tissue transplantation), the defeat of poliomyelitis, discovery of the wonder drugs, and open-heart surgery, none has been more challenging, frustrating, or rewarding than the current success with the kidney transplants, all 6,000 of which are a 20th century "Chimera." In his book,<i>Transplant</i>, Dr. Moore has updated his original treatise of 1963,<i>The Give and Take of Tissue Transplantation</i>, and made it a fascinating
Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry.
Authors: Emil Kraepelin
Journal: JAMA (1906)

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The Leadership Crisis in Internal Medicine: What Can Be Done?
Authors: Richard J. Reitemeier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

During the 1990s, internal medicine will change. Whether that change will be in directions desired by internists will depend on whether effective leadership of the discipline is accepted by the academic department chairs. Individually, and as a group, they are the only ones with sufficient authority to take control and initiate and sustain needed change. The time frame for action is short and diminishing. Opportunities still exist for effective leadership to present the discipline as more attractive to students by demonstrating that they can play an important role in helping to solve problems in health care. Unmet societal needs underlie much of the public's disaffection with the profession, and the chairpersons must begin to solve those needs. Today's practice environment is ever less appealing with increasing regulation and intrusive third-party actions. These stresses will increase until internists understand from research the value of what they do in practice and learn to choose what is effective in outcome and cost. Practice models integrating the skills and talents of internists, as these are focused on the needs of patients, are experiments that can be started in academic departments. Initiatives for such changes depend on active leadership—now sorely lacking in internal medicine.