tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Reversed Sequence of Gallbladder and Small Bowel Visualization During Cholescintigraphy
Authors: DWIGHT M ACHONG, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

During the first hour of cholescintigraphy, both the gallbladder and small bowel are visualized in the majority of normal subjects and patients with chronic cholecystitis. Usually, radioactive bile flows initially into the gallbladder followed by passage into the small bowel. To determine whether a reversed sequence of bile flow (i.e., small bowel followed by gallbladder) could serve as an indicator of chronic cholecystitis, 141 hepatobiliary scans were reviewed retrospectively with attention to the relative order of gallbladder and small bowel appearance during the first hour. The scintigraphic findings were correlated with results from real-time gallbladder ultrasonography in all 141 patients and gallbladder histopathology in a subset of 35 (25%). The specificity of a reversed sequence for chronic cholecystitis was 79% using ultrasonography and 100% for histopathology. This phenomenon likely reflects altered biliary flow dynamics secondary to recurrent inflammation and fibrosis. In patients referred for possible biliary tract disease, visualization of the gallbladder after the small bowel appears to predict chronic cholecystitis.
Surfactant Protein-B 121ins2 Heterozygosity, Reduced Pulmonary Function, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Smokers
Authors: Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Morten Dahl, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Hereditary surfactant protein-B deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes fatal respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. Seventy percent of the cases of hereditary surfactant protein-B deficiency are caused by homozygosity for the 121ins2 mutation in the surfactant protein-B gene. Individuals heterozygous for this mutation have partial absence of surfactant protein-B and could be at risk of lung disease when exposed to additional risk factors for impaired surfactant function such as tobacco smoking.To test whether individuals heterozygous for the 121ins2 mutation have reduced lung function and increased risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among smokers.We genotyped 47,600 individuals from the adult Danish general population and recorded smoking habits, spirometry, and hospital admissions due to COPD. The study and findings are limited to Danes/Europeans.We identified 85 individuals heterozygous for the 121ins2 mutation. Smoking interacted statistically with the 121ins2 genotype in predicting FEV(1) % predicted (P = 0.006), FVC % predicted (P = 0.02) and FEV(1)/FVC (P = 0.002), indicating that the effect of genotype differ by smoking status. Among smokers, 121ins2 heterozygous individuals had 9% reduced FEV(1)% predicted (P = 0.0008), 6% reduced FVC % predicted (P = 0.01) and 6% reduced FEV(1)/FVC (P = 0.00007), compared with wild-types. Also among smokers, 121ins2 heterozygous individuals had odds ratios of 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2-4.8) for spirometry-defined COPD and 2.2 (1.0-5.1) for hospitalization due to COPD. Among never-smokers, 121ins2 heterozygous individuals did not differ from wild-types in lung function or risk of COPD.Surfactant protein-B 121ins2 heterozygosity is associated with reduced lung function and increased risk for COPD among smokers.
An Emotional Bond: The Relationship between Maternal Stress and Offspring Disease
Authors: Tanya Tillett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The Relationship between Maternal Stress and Offspring DiseaseStudies have suggested a potential association between maternal stress during pregnancy and an increased risk of specific diseases in offspring, prompting calls for a closer examination of stress as an environmental health factor.A new comprehensive study based on a large population-based cohort in Denmark explores this association further by examining maternal stress during pregnancy and the development of a wide spectrum of pediatric diseases [EHP 119(11):1647-1652; Tegethoff et al.].The researchers examined prospective data for 66,203 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort.The mothers gave birth between 1996 and 2003, and the median child age at the end of followup was 6.2 years.The researchers assessed two types of stress during each woman's pregnancy-"life stress" and "emotional stress"-based on information reported by mothers at about 30 weeks' gestation.Life stress refers to the mother's perceived life burdens, e.g., work, housing, and human relations.Emotional stress refers to the mother's feelings, e.g., irrational fear, hopelessness, and irritation.The researchers also collected data on disease diagnoses reported to the Danish National Hospital Register for the study children.
Interplay Between Different Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Alberto Ascherio, Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, Walter C. Willett, David S. Siscovick, Eric B. Rimm
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but n-6 PUFAs may compete with n-3 PUFA metabolism and attenuate benefits. Additionally, seafood-based, long-chain n-3 PUFAs may modify the effects of plant-based, intermediate-chain n-3 PUFAs. However, the interactions of these PUFAs in relation to CHD risk are not well established.
Smoking as a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer and Cardiac Infarct as Mediated by Psychosocial Variables
Authors: Ronald Grossarth-Maticek, Dusan T. Kanazir, Hermann Vetter, Miroslav Jankovic
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

In 1965-66, a prospective psychosomatic investigation was started with 1,353 relatively old inhabitants of the village of Crvenka, Yugoslavia. The present article reports on the relevance of smoking for the incidence of lung cancer and cardiac infarct. The main results are: (1) The relevance of smoking is reduced, but not eliminated, by introducing psychosocial control variables, suggesting that the latter have direct influences both on smoking and on the diseases. (2) The relevance of smoking interacts very strongly with psychosocial background conditions: it is nearly reduced to zero when the latter are favorable, and is correspondingly high when they are unfavorable. The results are also interpreted in biochemical terms.
Abciximab Attenuates Coronary Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction After Coronary Stenting
Authors: Eve D. Aymong, Michael J. Curtis, Mostafa Youssef, Michelle M. Graham, Lana Shewchuk, Wendy Leschuk, Todd J. Anderson
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade with abciximab decreases ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); however, the mechanism of this benefit has not been fully elucidated. The present study was designed to assess endothelium-dependent vasomotion after coronary stenting and to determine if abciximab alters this response. Methods and Results — The study group consisted of 48 patients (59±10 years of age) with discrete coronary stenoses who underwent stenting alone (n=28) or stenting plus abciximab (n=20). A control group consisted of 31 additional patients who had vasomotor testing on a non-PCI vessel. Coronary blood flow (CBF) was measured (0.014-inch Doppler wire) 30 minutes after uncomplicated PCI and in response to the intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine (Ach) (10 −7 , 10 −6 mol/L Ach) and adenosine (24 μg). Ach-mediated increase in CBF was impaired after stent insertion when compared with the control group (41±52% versus 70±48%; P &lt;0.05). The stenting plus abciximab group demonstrated a superior CBF response to Ach compared with the stenting alone group (83±93% versus 41±52%; P &lt;0.05), with no difference between groups in the peak flow or percent change in flow to adenosine. By multivariate analysis, concomitant administration of abciximab was strongly predictive of the change in CBF to Ach ( P &lt;0.005). Conclusions — Abciximab preserves the CBF response to Ach after coronary stenting. The preservation of microvascular endothelial function may help explain the beneficial clinical effect of this agent in patients undergoing PCI.
Australian drug pricing scheme under pressure in free trade talks
Authors: B. Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Political parties and consumer groups in the United States and Australia have warned that a free trade agreement between the two countries will result in increased costs for prescription drugs in Australia.

Lobbying by the US drug industry has persuaded the US Trade Representative, Robert Zoellick, to propose changes to the Australian government's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) to ensure higher prices for drugs under patent. The final detail of the agreement is currently being negotiated in Washington DC.

Under the current scheme, the Australian government subsidises approved drugs and negotiates heavily discounted prices from the …
Using the NHS's market monopoly to reduce waste by suppliers and increase sustainability
Authors: E. Lear, M. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Chivian’s essay is a powerful appeal for clinicians to acknowledge their crucial role in the climate change debate.1 Anaesthesia has long been a source of considerable pollution, but technical advances, such as low flow anaesthesia, soda lime, and adequate scavenging, have improved its profile. …
Nursing Care and Development of Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Kenneth Olshansky
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the excellent article by Dr Allman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>discussing pressure ulcer risk factors, the most important risk factor of all has been omitted, that is, the staff taking care of the patient. The so-called high-risk factors causing patients to develop pressure ulcers are well known to all. In addition, the means of preventing pressure ulcers are well known. So what is the problem? If you surveyed rehabilitation hospitals across the country and evaluated the same high-risk patients, you would find the incidence of pressure ulcers would be minimal.<sup>2</sup>As these same high-risk patients are cared for in less-skilled environments where staff numbers and training are less, where pressure-relieving specialty beds are not as available, and where the accountability for the level of care is less, the incidence of pressure ulcers will dramatically increase. The common denominator is the staff. The article by Allman et
Fumaric acid esters in the treatment of psoriasis - commentary on ‘Treatment of severe, recalcitrant, chronic plaque psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: a prospective study’ by Wain <i>et al.</i>
Authors: A.V. Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Fumaric acid esters in the treatment of psoriasis – commentary on 'Treatment of severe, recalcitrant, chronic plaque psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: a prospective study' by Wain et al. Get access A.V. Anstey A.V. Anstey Department of Dermatology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, Gwent NP9 2UB, U.K. E‐mail: alex.anstey@gwent.wales.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 2, 1 February 2010, Pages 237–238, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09624.x Published: 01 February 2010
VIII. Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis
Authors: Robert S. Morrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

CHANGES in the pH of the blood in disease are very small – that is, with limits of 7.0 to 7.8 in extraordinary circumstances. Considering that large variations occur in the amounts of hydrogen ion that are ingested, released in intermediary metabolism, lost in gastrointestinal secretions or excreted by the kidney, this constancy of the pH is even more remarkable. The maintenance of pH is contributed to by the great buffering capacity of various cell components, serum proteins, respiratory control of carbon dioxide and renal control of acid secretion. Clinical changes in pH rarely represent simple excess or deficiency of . . .
Abstract 5001: GATA3 abrogates TGFbeta-mediated breast cancer invasion and metastasis
Authors: Jianwei Sun, Huifang He, Smitha Pillai, Srikumar Chellappan, Shengyu Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a potent and context dependent regulator of tumor progression. TGFβ promotes the lung metastasis of basal-like (but not the luminal-like) breast cancer. Here, we demonstrated that fascin, a pro-metastasis actin bundling protein, was a direct target of the canonical TGFβ-Smad4 signaling pathway in basal-like breast cancer cells. TGFβ and Smad4 induced fascin overexpression by directly binding to a Smad binding element on the fascin promoter. Through data mining, we identified GATA3, a transcription factor crucial for mammary gland morphogenesis and luminal differentiation, as a potential regulator of fascin overexpression. When ectopically expressed in basal-like breast cancer cells, GATA-3 abrogated Smad4-mediated overexpression of fascin and other TGFβ response genes, invadopodium formation, cell migration and invasion, suggesting suppression of the canonical TGFβ-Smad4 signaling axis. Mechanistically, GATA3 might abrogate TGFβ and Smad4-mediated fascin overexpression by abolishing the interactions between Smad4 and its DNA binding elements, potentially through physical interactions between GATA3 and Smad3/4. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how TGFβ-mediated cell motility and invasiveness are differentially regulated in breast cancer. Citation Format: Jianwei Sun, Huifang He, Smitha Pillai, Srikumar Chellappan, Shengyu Yang. GATA3 abrogates TGFbeta-mediated breast cancer invasion and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5001. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5001
Preventive effect of chronic converting enzyme inhibition on aortic stiffening induced by renovascular hypertension in conscious dogs
Authors: E. I C. Fischer, J. Levenson, J. G. Barra, R. L. Armentano, R. H. Pichel, A. Simon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to assess the influence of the renin-angiotensin system on the geometrical and elastic properties of the aorta in conscious dogs, using a model of renovascular hypertension, and to examine the effects of inhibition of the system by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor spirapril. Methods: The aortic elastic behaviour in response to renovascular hypertension was studied in 15 conscious dogs instrumented with a pressure microtransducer and a pair of ultrasonic diameter dimension gauges in the upper descending thoracic aorta. Renovascular hypertension was induced by surgical occlusion of one renal artery and stenosis of the other. One day after renal surgery, dogs were randomly assigned to two groups receiving for two months either the new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor spirapril (n=8) or a placebo capsule (n=7). The two groups of dogs were compared to a control group of normotensive dogs (n=7). After two months of treatment the elastic properties of the aorta were studied by computation of the beat to beat pressure-diameter hysteresis loops obtained during transient increase of pressure induced by bolus doses of angiotensin. The aortic pressure- diameter (P-D) relationship, obtained over a wide range, was fitted by an exponential fit (P=α·eβD), where β is the stiffness index. A decomposition of the P-D curve according to a biphasic model of the parallel arrangement of elastin and collagen enabled two pressure-diameter elastic moduli to be obtained, one representing the resistance to stretch at low pressure levels (elastic fibres and smooth muscle), and the other representing the resistance to stretch at the highest pressures (collagen fibres). Results: The pressure-diameter curve of the placebo group was shifted to the left compared to the curves of the control and spirapril groups, showing that renovascular hypertension was associated with isobaric reduction of aortic diameter. The stiffness index β was higher (p<0.05) in the placebo group [0.605(SD 0.304) mm−1] than in either the control group [0.362(0.126) mm−1] or the spirapril group [0.348(0.083) mm−1], suggesting that renovascular hypertension was associated with aortic stiffening. The biphasic analysis showed that the collagen pressure-diameter elastic modulus was unaffected by spirapril, wheras the elastin pressure-diameter elastic modulus was significantly reduced by converting enzyme inhibitor with respect to the placebo (p<0.05). Conclusions: Chronic converting enzyme inhibition by spirapril prevents the isobaric aortic diameter reduction induced by renovascular hypertension in conscious dogs and decreases aortic stiffness, in particular by changing the elastic behaviour of the elastin fibres rather than of the collagen fibres. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1039-1044
988-7 Endothelin ET A/B Receptor Antagonist Reduces Infarct Size: A Novel Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Joao V. Vitolaf, John Holsinger, Menryn B. Forman, Edwin K. Jackson, Masatoshi Kawana, Thomas Quertermous, John J. Murray
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Targeted α particle immunotherapy for myeloid leukemia
Authors: Joseph G. Jurcic, Steven M. Larson, George Sgouros, Michael R. McDevitt, Ronald D. Finn, Chaitanya R. Divgi, Åse M. Ballangrud, Klaus A. Hamacher, Dangshe Ma, John L. Humm, Martin W. Brechbiel, Roger Molinet, David A. Scheinberg
Journal: Blood (2002)
Autonomic deficit in early cirrhosis
Authors: Antonino Musca, Antonio Mammarella, Vincenzo Paoletti, Antonio De Matteis, Michele Paradiso
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Recently Laffi et al. 1 reported that the autonomic response to passive tilting was impaired in Child-Pugh's Class 2 B and C cirrhotic patients with ascites.These patients exhibited a hyperdynamic circulatory state as evidenced by increased cardiac output and reduced peripheral vascular resistance.To evaluate the autonomic pattern in the early cirrhosis, we studied 11 patients without ascites, diagnosed by percutaneous liver biopsy (10 men; mean age 62 Ϯ 11; range, 34-80 years).All were Child class A, with a Pugh score of 5.They were compared with 11 healthy subjects (8 men; mean age 58 Ϯ 12, range 35-70 years).No subject was on therapy, and none had ascites or edema.Portal vein dilation, ascites, or portosystemic collaterals were undetectable on ultrasonography.Cardiac output and stroke volume were determined by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography (Hewlett-Packard Sonos 2000, Andover, MA).Blood flow velocity was com-
Hyperchlorhydria and Hyperhistaminemia in a Patient with Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Reed T. Keller, Harold P. Roth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

SYSTEMIC mastocytosis is an uncommon disease characterized by mast-cell proliferation in the skin, bones, lymph nodes and parenchymal organs. The clinical manifestations include pruritus, bone lesions, hepatosplenomegaly and urticaria pigmentosa. Episodic cutaneous flushing results from the release of histamine into the circulation.1 Although an increased occurrence of gastroduodenal ulceration has been noted,2 gastric acid secretion has been normal or low.3 , 4 In the following case of systemic mastocytosis, hyperhistaminemia and hyperchlorhydria were documented.Case ReportA 70-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a 2-year history of recurrent ulcer and episodic flushing and syncope. Physical examination demonstrated dermatographism and hepatosplenomegaly. . . .
Widespread and Efficient Transduction of Spinal Cord and Brain Following Neonatal AAV Injection and Potential Disease Modifying Effect in ALS Mice
Authors: Jacob I Ayers, Susan Fromholt, Olga Sinyavskaya, Zoe Siemienski, Awilda M Rosario, Andrew Li, Keith W Crosby, Pedro E Cruz, Nadia M DiNunno, Christopher Janus, Carolina Ceballos-Diaz, David R Borchelt, Todd E Golde, Paramita Chakrabarty, Yona Levites
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

The architecture of the spinal cord makes efficient delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors throughout the neuraxis challenging. We describe a paradigm in which small amounts of virus delivered intraspinally to newborn mice result in robust rAAV-mediated transgene expression in the spinal cord. We compared the efficacy of rAAV2/1, 2/5, 2/8, and 2/9 encoding EGFP delivered to the hindlimb muscle (IM), cisterna magna (ICM), or lumbar spinal cord (IS) of neonatal pups. IS injection of all four capsids resulted in robust transduction of the spinal cord with rAAV2/5, 2/8, and 2/9 vectors appearing to be transported to brain. ICM injection resulted in widespread expression of EGFP in the brain, and upper spinal cord. IM injection resulted in robust muscle expression, with only rAAV2/8 and 2/9 transducing spinal motor and sensory neurons. As proof of concept, we use the IS paradigm to express murine Interleukin (IL)-10 in the spinal cord of the SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We show that expression of IL-10 in the spinal axis of SOD1-G93A mice altered the immune milieu and significantly prolonged survival. These data establish an efficient paradigm for somatic transgene delivery of therapeutic biologics to the spinal cord of mice.
Health services financing.
Authors: A. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1970)

unwarranted.I recently had in my care a patient from eastern Europe sent for investigation of a suspected haemoglobin anomaly.3It turned out that this patient was taking huge amounts of phenacetin-containing analgesics, which were never found on him but which he stopped taking-as proved by the above urine test-when threatened with being returned to his country with the diagnosis of a grave psy- chiatric abnormality.Screening large numbers of persons in Switzerland for Nacetyl-p-aminophenol in urine has shown that up to 10%O of a given population is taking phenacetin-containing analgesics.3Intake of salicylate on its own is rare in Switzerland.Only two of five leading brands4 contain 0-125 g. and 0-37 g.In addition, it seems important that patients who have regularly abused anal- gesics containing phenacetin should have their urinary tract searched for tumours at necropsy.Within the last year five of 625 women regularly taking analgesics contain- ing phenacetin died while under close observation, and one developed a carcinoma of the bladder.5This tends to confirm the findings of Bengtsson6 and underlines the appeal by Dr. Koutsaimanis and Professor de Wardener that phenacetin should be sold only on prescription, although the evidence for an increased incidence of tumours of the urinary tract after many years' intake of phenacetin-containing analgesics is so far inclusive.-Iam, etc.,