tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Diabetes on Cardiac Structure and Function
Authors: Richard B. Devereux, Mary J. Roman, Mary Paranicas, Michael J. O’Grady, Elisa T. Lee, Thomas K. Welty, Richard R. Fabsitz, David Robbins, Everett R. Rhoades, Barbara V. Howard
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Whether diabetes mellitus (DM) adversely affects left ventricular (LV) structure and function independently of increases in body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure is controversial.Echocardiography was used in the Strong Heart Study, a study of cardiovascular disease in American Indians, to compare LV measurements between 1810 participants with DM and 944 with normal glucose tolerance. Participants with DM were older (mean age, 60 versus 59 years), had higher BMI (32.4 versus 28.9 kg/m(2)) and systolic blood pressure (133 versus 124 mm Hg), and were more likely to be female, to be on antihypertensive treatment, and to live in Arizona (all P<0.001). In analyses adjusted for covariates, women and men with DM had higher LV mass and wall thicknesses and lower LV fractional shortening, midwall shortening, and stress-corrected midwall shortening (all P<0.002). Pulse pressure/stroke volume, a measure of arterial stiffness, was higher in participants with DM (P<0.001 independent of confounders).Non-insulin-dependent DM has independent adverse cardiac effects, including increased LV mass and wall thicknesses, reduced LV systolic chamber and myocardial function, and increased arterial stiffness. These findings identify adverse cardiovascular effects of DM, independent of associated increases in BMI and arterial pressure, that may contribute to cardiovascular events in diabetic individuals.
Sleep and the athlete.
Authors: C. M. Shapiro
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

Sleep is generally considered to be restorative and the notion of exercise being associated with the changes in subsequent sleep is popular but has only recently been demonstrated. There are several facets of exercise performed that have an influence on sleep. These include the intensity and duration of the exercise, and the interval between the cessation of exercise and sleep onset. Other factors that may alter sleep after exercise are the age and fitness of the subject, and his lean body mass. Most studies on the effect of exercise on sleep can be interpreted as being partially or totally supportive of the restorative theory of sleep function.
Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on the "Intrinsic" Heart Rate
Authors: A. Kaldor, P. Juvancz
Journal: BMJ (1969)

“Intrinsic” heart rate in man was measured by giving simultaneous atropine and propranolol and used to study the direct effect of antihypertensive drugs on the heart. Though the intrinsic and control heart rates decreased significantly following the administration of reserpine, there was no significant difference between high and low doses. No similar effects were observed with debrisoquine sulphate and methyldopa, though in high doses the latter produced a decrease which was of some statistical significance.
Combination Therapy of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: K. T. Noell
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. William's criticism (222:486, 1972) of the recent article entitled "Combination Chemotherapy of Hodgkin's Disease in Private Practice" (221:261, 1972) is illconsidered. Much of medicine is complex, and the complexity of the MOPP therapy (mechlorethamine hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, procarbazine hydrochloride, and prednisone) for Hodgkin's disease is no less complex when administered in the setting of the university hospital than when given at the community level. All therapy, whether given for malignant disease or not, must be administered by a physician well-versed in the pharmacology of the drugs he is using. To envelop medical oncology in an aura of hypersophistication is undesirable and does much to reinforce the uninformed medical practitioner's attitude that antineoplastic agents are "poisons." I am quite confident that many more people die each year of digitalis intoxication than from antineoplastic agents. I am sure there are also many patients from whom cancer chemotherapy has been
Strategies for Resetting the Human Circadian Clock
Authors: E. Van Cauter, F. W. Turek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Night work, which is voluntarily accepted by millions of workers in industrialized countries, is a major health hazard, involving an increased risk of cardiovascular illness, gastrointestinal disorders, infertility, and insomnia. The medical consequences of night work are associated with chronic misalignment of physiologic circadian rhythms and the activity–rest cycle. Indeed, as Czeisler et al.1 indicate in this issue of the Journal, several studies have shown that workers on permanent or rotating night shifts generally do not adapt to these schedules, even after several years. The inability to adapt appears to be due to the fact that the endogenous timing . . .
Central venous pressure at emergency room presentation predicts cardiac rehospitalization in patients with decompensated heart failure
Authors: Heiko Uthoff, Christoph Thalhammer, Mihael Potocki, Tobias Reichlin, Markus Noveanu, Markus Aschwanden, Daniel Staub, Nisha Arenja, Thenral Socrates, Raphael Twerenbold, Sarah Mutschmann‐Sanchez, Corinna Heinisch, Kurt A. Jaeger, Alexandre Mebazaa, Christian Mueller
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Effect of wholemeal and white bread on iron absorption in normal people.
Authors: R J Dobbs, I M Baird
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ECandida pseudohyphae and blastospores in blood smear (Wright's stain;(a) x 325, (b) x 651). (a) There are at least six neutrophils around pseudo- hyphae phagocytizing fungal elements are seen (arrows). (b) Pseudohyphae in a neutrophil.The clear space surrounding the basophilic organisms represents the cell wall, which does not take Wright's stain. of candidaemia.2Strikingly, the microscopical examnination of the blood smears prepared by a widely used laboratory method disclosed the first evidence of candidaemia, and, because of the rapid diagnosis, we could start treatment only a few hours after fever began, which was his first symptom of the infection.Candida has also been seen in blood smears in three other reported cases3 4 and this method of diagnosis needs to be considered in a possible case.Fever is the most common symptom in candidaemia,i and, since Candida blastospores and pseudopyphae are phagocytosed by leucocytes (and therefore their number may be diminished by destruction), the blood smears should be prepared at the time the temperature rises, as we did in this patient.
Reply to Y. Khakoo et al
Authors: Elisabeth Livingstone, Axel Hauschild
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

We thank Drs Khakoo and Marghoob for their interest in our article. We would like to take the opportunity to respond to the comments brought forward by them. Khakoo and Marghoob criticized that our article might mislead readers to believe that neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a generally fatal disease. This is certainly not our intention, and we are fully aware of the heterogenous nature of this disease. Our article—and this is indicated in the title—describes only a case report of a child with a symptomatic NCM and correlating Dandy-Walker malformation leading to death. Children with this rare defect do have a poor life expectancy, as already demonstrated by several other case reports. In our article, we differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic NCM and clearly cite that “asymptomatic cerebral melanosis is assumed to occur in as many as 25% of infants with giant nevi,” which is concordant with the figures contemplated by Khakoo and Marghoob. Khakoo and Marghoob also comment that small melanin deposits in the brain may be missed on magnetic resonance imaging scans. This can certainly occur; however, it is unclear whether these small deposits will become symptomatic and whether the detection of these small deposits is leading to any therapeutic consequences. Lastly, we absolutely agree that for the best management of patients with NCM, “a multidisciplinary team approach” is necessary. We therefore concluded our article, which was written by an interdisciplinary board of dermatologists, pediatricians, neurosurgeons, and neuropathologists, by saying that “interdisciplinary care of patients with symptomatic NCM by pediatricians, dermatologists, and neurosurgeons is essential.”
Risk factors for persistent diarrhoea.
Authors: N. S. Shahid, D. A. Sack, M. Rahman, A. N. Alam, N. Rahman
Journal: BMJ (1988)

With a systematically sampled population of children aged under 5 attending this centre for diarrhoeal disease research during 1983-5 a retrospective analysis of persistent diarrhoea (defined as greater than 14 days9 duration) was performed to identify the possible risk factors for this syndrome. Of the 4155 children included in the analysis, 410 (10%) gave a history of persistent diarrhoea. A comparison with children with acute diarrhoea matched for age showed that 11 factors were correlated with persistent diarrhoea, and strongly associated factors were stools with blood or mucus, or both, lower respiratory tract infection, malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, and antibiotic use before presentation. The peak age was 2 years, and there was no sex difference. Deaths occurred more often in the group with persistent diarrhoea. Although Shigella spp, Campylobacter jejuni, and Giardia lamblia were frequently identified, their rates of isolation were not significantly higher among patients with persistent diarrhoea. No seasonal variation was observed in the rates of persistent diarrhoea. Although the introduction of family food to the diet was associated with higher rates, this factor was difficult to separate from the age dependent risks.
Cure of Metastatic Choriocarcinoma of the Brain
Authors: Thomas J. Stilp
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Metastatic choriocarcinoma of the brain is a curable lesion. Success requires first a high index of suspicion that the patient may have a choriocarcinoma. These tumors develop in women of childbearing age and commonly produce signs and symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, or brain tumor. Diagnosis can be established by radioactive scan of the brain, x-ray examinations of the chest, and bio-assay of the patient's urine and cerebrospinal fluid for chorionic gonadotropin. Cure is obtained by extirpation of the tumor, triple chemotherapy, and irradiation of the site of the cerebral metastasis. This communication reports three cases of metastatic choriocarcinoma of the brain in women who have been successfully treated, and one unsuccessful case in a man with metastatic testicular choriocarcinoma.
A study of the relationship between cadmium concentrations in urine and renal effects of cadmium.
Authors: K Nogawa, E Kobayashi, R Honda
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The relationship between urinary cadmium concentration expressed as microgram/g creatinine and renal effects of cadmium exposure was studied in 542 inhabitants over 20 years of age who lived in the Jinzu River basin which is polluted by cadmium. Cadmium concentration in urine was employed as the index of cadmium exposure. Total protein with glucose, beta 2-microglobulin, retinol binding protein, and proline served as indices of renal effects. The prevalent rate of high beta 2-microglobulin excretion was the highest among these indices both in men and women. Prevalence rates of indices of renal effects increased proportionally with increasing cadmium concentrations in urine and probit linear regression lines could be calculated between them. The urinary cadmium concentrations corresponding to 1% prevalence rates of indices of the renal effects were calculated by the regression line. For beta 2-microglobulin, 3.2 microgram Cd/g creatinine and 5.2 microgram Cd/g creatinine were obtained in men and women, respectively. This method may be useful for evaluating the risk of renal damage of exposed inhabitants.
Infective Hepatitis Treated with Glucose, Insulin, and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: D. R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (1943)

An outbreak of Sonne dysentery involving approximately 400 cases is described.Milk was excluded as a general source of infection, although probably indirectly responsible for one small group of cases.B. dysenteriae Sonne was isolated from one sample of tap-water which passed the usual bacteriological tests satisfactorily and which contained 0.15 p.p.m. residual chlorine.The evidence for incriminating the water supply as the source of infection is discussed.We wish to acknowledge with thanks the willing co-operation of the director and staff of the water company, the milk retailers, and the blood donors during the investigation.
Reply to S. Buti and S. Culine
Authors: Yu-Ning Wong, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Samuel Litwin, David Vaughn, James Lee, Wei Song, Gary R. Hudes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Few randomized trials have been conducted in the second-line treatment of advanced bladder cancer.Their results, although clinically disappointing, will help to optimize the design of future trials in this setting. 5
Role of Salivary Gland Scintigraphy With Tc-99m Pertechnetate in Determining Treatment of Solitary Parotid Gland Tumors: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tadaki Nakahara, Takayuki Suzuki, Jun Hashimoto, Naoyuki Shigematsu, Toshiki Tomita, Kaoru Ogawa, Atsushi Kubo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Although salivary gland scintigraphy has been useful for the diagnosis of Warthin's tumor (WT), there are no reports concerning the clinical impact of this scintigraphy.We retrospectively investigated 127 patients with solitary parotid tumors who had undergone salivary gland scintigraphy.For patients who had surgery, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of differentiating WT from non-WTs were 95%, 91%, and 92%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between scintigraphic results and the treatment decisions made for the 127 patients (chi2=16.5, P=0.00026). The proportion of WT patients among those who underwent surgery was 19%, whereas 42% of those who were suspected to have WT from scintigraphy were followed without surgical intervention. The main reasons for clinical observation in these patients were comorbidity, refusal of surgery, and age.The high percentage of nonsurgical patients suspected to have WT can be explained by the high diagnostic accuracy of salivary gland scintigraphy, which is useful for determining further management when surgery is contraindicated or is refused by the patient.
A New Approach to Very-High-Altitude Land Travel: The Train to Lhasa, Tibet
Authors: John B. West
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

The train from Golmud in Qinghai Province, China, to Lhasa, Tibet, travels for more than 14 hours at an average altitude of 4500 m, the highest point being 5072 m (16 600 ft). Therefore, passengers are potentially exposed to very severe sustained hypoxia. The enterprising solution is to increase the oxygen concentration of the air in the train from 21% to between 24% and 25% by the use of oxygen generators in each passenger car. By increasing the oxygen concentration to 25%, the equivalent altitude is reduced by about 1200 m. The engineering challenge of oxygenating the whole train is immense but has been successfully accomplished. This is an extraordinary innovation in high-altitude transportation.
Effects of Legal Abortion on Gynaecology
Authors: A. H. John, B. Hackman
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The effect of the Abortion Act on gynaecological work in one provincial teaching hospital is that despite an increase in patient turnover of 45% the waiting list has increased by 200%. It is suggested that the Act has had little effect on the birth rate or illegitimacy and that there may have been an increase in criminal abortion.
Self-Expanding Metal Stents for Palliative Treatment of Malignant Biliary and Duodenal Stenoses
Authors: I. Maetani, S. Ogawa, H. Hoshi, M. Sato, H. Yoshioka, Y. Igarashi, Y. Sakai
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Patients with malignant biliary stenosis due to pancreatic head cancer often have the associated problem of duodenal obstruction. We report here the case of a 78-year-old woman with this clinical situation, who was treated with self-expanding Gianturco metal stents placed in the distal common bile duct and, nine months later, placed in the descending duodenum. The patient's frequent vomiting resolved, and she was able to tolerate peroral solid food; jaundice also decreased (bilirubin pre-stenting: 7.8; post-stenting: 1.2). Self-expanding metal stents therefore appear to be effective for the palliative treatment of malignant duodenal stenosis as well as biliary stenosis.
Walking groups improve cardiovascular and general health, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Imagine a new visually appealing, intuitive tool for institutional portfolio managers to understand the changing correlations between stocks over time, so they can limit concentration risk. This <b>Practical Applications</b> report shows how <b>Wesley Phoa</b>, author of <b><i>Portfolio Concentration and the Geometry of Co-Movement</i></b>, achieved this using a diffusion map method and 3-D gaming technology to visualize correlations of S&amp;P 500 and S&amp;P 100 stocks. “A lot of equity managers are not very quantitative, ” he states in an interview for this report. Phoa set out to find a visual way of representing a mass of information about stock correlations that was both easy to understand and had precise quantitative meaning in its representations. The result is a visually compelling and robust way of looking at correlations between stocks and stock sectors. Phoa is Senior Vice President at <b>The Capital Group Companies</b> in Los Angeles. His article appeared in the Summer 2013 issue of <b><i>The Journal of Portfolio Management</i></b>.
Hazards of Lumbar Puncture In Infants
Authors: L. P. Hinterbuchner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The comments of R. A. Campbell, MD, concerning lumbar puncture in infants are well taken (<b>204</b>:82,1968). He could have been more specific about the measures necessary to avoid respiratory distress in such struggling children. Two points need to be made. One is that flexing the back does not facilitate entrance of the needle into the subarachnoid space. It merely facilitates the palpation of the appropriate spinous processes so that the operator can better select the site. The second point is that when flexion of the back needs to be accomplished the helper should not flex the neck by pulling the head forward, because this produces a complete tracheal obstruction. I had learned this the hard way during my internship, fortunately, however, without a fatal outcome. Adequate flexion can be obtained by applying forward pressure with the hand placed between the shoulder blades. The neck need not
Mutations in IRX5 impair craniofacial development and germ cell migration via SDF1
Authors: Carine Bonnard, Anna C Strobl, Mohammad Shboul, Hane Lee, Barry Merriman, Stanley F Nelson, Osama H Ababneh, Elif Uz, Tülay Güran, Hülya Kayserili, Hanan Hamamy, Bruno Reversade
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Periungual Carcinoma
Authors: Milton Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Moy et al<sup>1</sup>reveals a number of risk factors for the development of squamous cell cancer of the nailbed. It was known already that at cutaneous nongenital sites, human papillomavirus (HPV) 5 produced "epidermodysplasia verucci formis" with invasive malignant features. Moy et al now report the presence of HPV 16 in six of nine patients with periungual squamous cell carcinoma. Human papillomavirus 16 has been identified previously as a cause of condylomata acuminata. Human papillomaviruses 6,11,16, and 18 have been found in the lesions of this sexually transmitted disease.<sup>2,3</sup>When found in children, these children receive close medical supervision for the development of cervical and vulvar dysplasia and cancer. Also, children with genital warts of these types generally are referred for investigation of possible child sexual abuse. We therefore are concerned about the finding of HPV 16 lesions in a nongenital site.
Age of innocence
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1997)

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In the 1950s there was great rivalry between the only two sizeable communities in northern Kirkcudbrightshire–perhaps there still is. The background, as usual in such cases, was complex. Our village had been cheated, by them of course, of a charter which would have made us a royal burgh some half a millennium previously. That still rankled. But we now had twice the population of the admittedly tiny royal burgh. And we had a secondary school and a far better football team.

But the rival village three and a half miles down the valley still had its attractions. Sometimes in the long summer holidays, when local diversions palled, a couple of us …

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The Vaccine Handbook: A Practical Guide for Clinicians
Authors: Lisa A. Jackson, Kathleen M. Neuzil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 January 2004The Vaccine Handbook: A Practical Guide for CliniciansLisa A. Jackson, MD, MPH and Kathleen M. Neuzil, MD, MPHLisa A. Jackson, MD, MPHFrom Group Health Cooperative and Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington.Search for more papers by this author and Kathleen M. Neuzil, MD, MPHFrom Group Health Cooperative and Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-1-200401060-00041 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Marshall GS, Dennehy PH, Greenberg DP, Offit PA, Tan TQ. 436 pages. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. $39.95. ISBN: 0781735696. Order phone 800-638-3030.Field of medicine: Adult and pediatric primary care, infectious diseases, and public health.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians and other health care professionals who recommend or administer vaccinations.Purpose: To draw authoritative information about vaccines together into a simple, concise, practical resource.Content: Seven of the 14 chapters contain structured summaries of individual vaccines, including currently available vaccines, vaccines in development, and passive immunizations. The remaining chapters cover a range of subjects, such as ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Group Health Cooperative and Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 January 2004Volume 140, Issue 1Page: 76KeywordsHealth careInfectious diseasesMorbidityMortalityPrevention, policy, and public healthPrimary care physiciansSafetySoftware toolsVaccinesVeteran care ePublished: 6 January 2004 Issue Published: 6 January 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...