tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Pain Management Strategies for Office-Based and Ambulatory Procedures
Authors: James C. Crews
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
738 THE IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE GENETIC PROFILE OF BIOMARKER IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AMONG EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: H. El-Garem, H.O. Osman, K. Ragab, W. Al-akel, A. Foaud, N. Zayed, H. Abdel-Hafez, H. Khatteb, M.-E. Atia, M. Salah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Oncogenic Properties of a Spermatogenic Meiotic Variant of Fer Kinase Expressed in Somatic Cells
Authors: Etai Yaffe, Elad Hikri, Yoav Elkis, Ortal Cohen, Ariela Segal, Adar Makovski, Alexander Varvak, Sally Shpungin, Uri Nir
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The kinase Fer and its spermatogenic meiotic variant, FerT, are coexpressed in normal testes and cancerous tumors, but whether they exert related roles in spermatogenic or malignant cells has not been known. Here, we show that Fer and FerT reside in the mitochondria of spermatogenic cells and are harnessed to the reprogrammed mitochondria of colon carcinoma cells. Both kinases bound complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) in spermatogenic and in colon carcinoma cells, and silencing of either Fer or FerT was sufficient to impair the activity of this complex. Directed mitochondrial accumulation of FerT in nonmalignant NIH3T3 cells increased their ETC complex I activity, ATP production, and survival, contingent upon stress conditions caused by nutrient and oxygen deprivation. Strikingly, directed mitochondrial accumulation of FerT endowed nonmalignant cells with tumor-forming ability. Thus, recruitment of a meiotic mitochondrial component to cancer cell mitochondria highlights a pivotal role for reprogrammed mitochondria in tumorigenesis.
Impact of a Citywide Sanitation Program in Northeast Brazil on Intestinal Parasites Infection in Young Children
Authors: Mauricio L. Barreto, Bernd Genser, Agostino Strina, Maria Gloria Teixeira, Ana Marlucia O. Assis, Rita F. Rego, Carlos A. Teles, Matildes S. Prado, Sheila M.A. Matos, Neuza M. Alcântara-Neves, Sandy Cairncross
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Sanitation affects health, especially that of young children. Residents of Salvador, in Northeast Brazil, have had a high prevalence of intestinal parasites. A citywide sanitation intervention started in 1996 aimed to raise the level of sewer coverage from 26% to 80% of households.We evaluated the impact of this intervention on the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria, and Giardia duodenalis infections in preschool children.The evaluation was composed of two cross-sectional studies (1998 and 2003-2004), each of a sample of 681 and 976 children 1-4 years of age, respectively. Children were sampled from 24 sentinel areas chosen to represent the range of environmental conditions in the study site. Data were collected using an individual/household questionnaire, and an environmental survey was conducted in each area before and after the intervention to assess basic household and neighborhood sanitation conditions. Stool samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. The effect of the intervention was estimated by hierarchical modeling, fitting a sequence of multivariate regression models.The prevalence ofA. lumbricoides infection was reduced from 24.4% to 12.0%, T. trichuria from 18.0% to 5.0%, and G. duodenalis from 14.1% to 5.3%. Most of this reduction appeared to be explained by the increased coverage in each neighborhood by the sewage system constructed during the intervention. The key explanatory variable was thus an ecological measure of exposure and not household-based, suggesting that the parasite transmission prevented by the program was mainly in the public (vs. the domestic) domain.This study, using advanced statistical modeling to control for individual and ecological potential confounders, demonstrates the impact on intestinal parasites of sanitation improvements implemented at the scale of a large population.
Cephalosporin-Associated Pseudomembranous Colitis due to Clostridium difficile
Authors: John G. Bartlett
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Recent studies have shown considerable progress in the diagnosis, etiology, and therapy of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. Previous work has implicated a number of antimicrobial agents, but there are relatively few reports concerning the role of cephalosporins. The subject of the present report is 17 patients with pseudomembranous colitis associated with cephalosporin use. Tissue cultures of stools from all patients showed a cytotoxin that is neutralized by C<i>sordellii</i>antitoxin. Bacterial cultures of these specimens yielded strains of C<i>difficile</i>that produced a similar cytotoxin in vitro. Nine of the patients were treated orally with vancomycin hydrochloride and all responded. This experience illustrates the importance of considering the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis in patients in whom diarrhea develops in association with cephalosporin use. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2683-2685, 1979)
The Epidemiology of Complications
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

This is the seventh in a series of reports on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 61st Scientific Sessions held in Philadelphia, PA, in June 2001. It covers topics related to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. John Fuller, London, U.K., gave the Kelly West lecture on the epidemiology and prevention of diabetic complications. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes showed interesting discrepancies between national groups in rates of nephropathy and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mortality rates increase with increasing cigarette use, blood pressure, and cholesterol; proteinuria, triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose are additional risk factors. Studies with electron beam computerized tomography (EBCT) show increased calcium levels in the coronary arteries of both men and women with diabetes, correlating with the duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and total/HDL cholesterol ratio (1,2). Patients with diabetes have a 2.5- to 5-fold greater risk than those without diabetes of having an increased coronary artery calcification (CAC) score.

The EURODIAB study in 31 centers in 16 countries in Europe followed 3,250 patients with type 1 diabetes beginning in the late 1980s. Coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence rates of 10 and 12 per 1,000 patient-years were seen in men and in women, with age and albuminuria independent risk factors in both sexes, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) an additional risk factor in men, and systolic blood pressure an additional risk factor in women. Using baseline assessment in 1988–1991, of 1,134 patients with normoalbuminuria, 12.6 and 1.7% developed micro- and macroalbuminuria (3). Risk factors for worsening albuminuria are HbA1c, baseline albuminuria level, triglyceride, and BMI. Among normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuric patients, CHD event rates were 7, 12, and 22%, respectively. There was a 56% incidence of new retinopathy over 7.5 years for those without retinopathy …
CPAP and Reduced Blood Pressure
Authors: Alejandro de la Sierra
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
UK National COPD Audit 2003: impact of hospital resources and organisation of care on patient outcome following admission for acute COPD exacerbation
Authors: L C Price
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations use many hospital bed days and have a high rate of mortality. Previous audits have shown wide variability in the length of stay and mortality between units not explained by patient factors. This study aimed to explore associations between resources and organisation of care and patient outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> 234 UK acute hospitals each prospectively identified 40 consecutive acute COPD admissions, documenting process of care and outcomes from a retrospective case note audit. Units also completed a resources and organisation of care proforma. <b>Results:</b> Data for 7529 patients were received. Inpatient mortality was 7.4% and mortality at 90 days was 15.3%; the readmission rate was 31.4%. Mean length of stay for discharged patients was 8.7 days (median 6 days). Wide variation was observed in all outcomes between hospitals. Both inpatient mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.67, CI 0.50 to 0.90) and 90 day mortality (OR 0.75, CI 0.60 to 0.94) were associated with a staff ratio of four or more respiratory consultants per 1000 hospital beds. The length of stay was reduced in units with more respiratory consultants, better organisation of care scores, an early discharge scheme, and local COPD management guidelines. <b>Conclusions:</b> Units with more respiratory consultants and better quality organised care have lower mortality and reduced length of hospital stay. This may reflect unit resource richness. Dissemination of good organisational practice and recruitment of more respiratory specialists offers the potential for improved outcomes for hospitalised COPD patients.
Bacterial Hepatitis: A Case Report on an Unrecognized Cause of Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THAT any disorder of the liver, infectious or non-infectious, may be associated with prolonged abnormal temperatures has been recognized for a long time. Although the clinical features of some of these conditions are not always specifically diagnostic, anatomic changes are often sufficiently characteristic to permit a diagnosis. In the patient with prolonged fever of unknown origin described below, the cause proved to be chronic bacterial infection of the liver.Case ReportA 20-year-old woman was well until August, 1976, when she had fever and enlarged, tender cervical lymph nodes for two weeks. About 14 days later, the lymph nodes in . . .
Hepatic Thyroid Hormone Levels Following Chronic Alcohol Consumption: Direct Experimental Evidence in Rats Against the Existence of a Hyperthyroid Hepatic State
Authors: Rolf Teschke, Fernando Moreno, Edgar Heinen, Jorg Herrmann, Hans-Ludwig Kruskemper, Georg Strohmeyer
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

To study the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on hepatic levels of thyroid hormones, female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were pair-fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing either ethanol (36% of total calories) or isocaloric carbohydrates for 21 days. Compared to controls, chronic alcohol consumption failed to result in a significant change of hepatic thyroid hormone levels (thyroxine: 14.7 +/- 1.81 ng per gm of liver wet weight vs. 15.0 +/- 1.59; triiodothyronine: 2.60 +/- 0.16 ng per gm of liver wet weight vs. 2.66 +/- 0.18). Similar results were obtained when the hepatic levels of thyroid hormones were expressed per total liver, per gram of liver protein or per 100 gm of body weight. Moreover, prolonged alcohol ingestion led to a significant reduction of serum total thyroxine by 31.6% (p less than 0.001), free thyroxine by 38.9% (p less than 0.02), total triiodothyronine by 40.2% (p less than 0.001) and free triiodothyronine by 56.1% (p less than 0.001) when compared to their pair-fed controls, whereas thyroid-stimulating hormone levels remained virtually unchanged. These data, therefore, clearly show that chronic alcohol consumption is incapable of creating a hyperthyroid hepatic state in rats, and limit the rationale for antithyroid treatment in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
Neurology of the Visual System
Authors: F. C. Blodi
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This is a companion volume toNeurology of the Ocular Musclesby the same author. This book deals with sensory neuro-ophthalmology. It is concise and precise. It addresses itself to the clinician, gives practical advice, and includes the modern literature of many countries.  The subject matter is dealt with in an anatomical sequence, starting from the retina and ending with the occipital lobes. Each anatomical region is discussed under the headings of anatomy, inflammatory, vascular, degenerative, and neoplastic lesions. A useful summary follows each chapter. The illustrations are most instructive.  Most impressive, however, is the list of references which comprises more than 1,600 entries. In this way the reader can easily follow up on a certain subject and read the source material. All in all, this is an excellent, modern, and concise text on sensory neuro-ophthalmology.
Mineral fibres and mesothelioma.
Authors: J C Wagner, F D Pooley
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Mineral fibres and mesotheliomaThere has been considerable recent interest in the sug- gestion that mineral fibres other than asbestos might be associated with mesotheliomas in the pleural and peritoneal cavities.Compared with the wealth of information on the consequences of exposure to asbestos, information about the effects of other fibrous minerals is sparse and much of it is of a preliminary nature.In this editorial the relationship between fibrous minerals and mesothelioma will be considered under the following headings: (1) asbestos minerals of commercial value; (2) asbestos minerals as potential environmental contaminants; (3) naturally occurring fibrous minerals as potential environmental con- taminants; (4) synthetic mineral fibres. Asbestos minerals of commercial valueAsbestos is now considered to consist of six naturally occurring minerals: chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite.Chrysotile is a member of a group of minerals referred to as ser-pentines and it is composed almost exclusively of mag- nesium in combination with silica.It has a sheet structure that curls to produce hollow, tube like fibres.The other five members, belonging to the mineral- ogical group referred to as the amphiboles, are very similar in crystal structure, being chain silicates, but they differ in chemical composition.Crocidolite and amosite are iron rich varieties, anthophyllite is a mag- nesium rich mineral, and tremolite and actinolite con- tain a large amount of calcium together with magnesium.The world production of asbestos in 1976 was 5000 million kg; of this, 97% was chrysotile and the re- mainder was crocidolite and amosite.The commercial production of the other three amphiboles has been minimal in the past but they are important as con- taminants of other minerals and of agricultural soil, as will be discussed later.Chrysotile is widely distrib- uted, with the largest commercial production in the Ural mountains in Russia, Quebec Province in Can- ada, Zimbabwe and Swaziland in Southern Africa, the Italian Alps, and Cyprus.Crocidolite is now mined almost exclusively in Cape Province in South Africa and, until recently, in Western Australia.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Increases Human Vascular Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Release Through Endogenous Bradykinin
Authors: Mias Pretorius, David Rosenbaum, Douglas E. Vaughan, Nancy J. Brown
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition potentiates the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) response to exogenous bradykinin. This study tested the hypothesis that ACE inhibition increases endothelial t-PA release through endogenous bradykinin.We measured the effect of intra-arterial enalaprilat (5 micro g/min) on forearm blood flow (FBF) and net t-PA release before and during intra-arterial infusion of bradykinin (25 to 400 ng/min) and methacholine (3.2 to 12.8 microg/min) in 24 smokers pretreated with bradykinin receptor antagonist HOE 140 (100 microg/kg intravenously) or vehicle. There was no specific effect of HOE 140 on FBF or forearm vascular resistance (FVR, 29.9+/-3.6 versus 29.7+/-3.6 mm Hg x mL(-1) x min(-1) x 100 mL(-1) after vehicle and HOE 140, respectively, P=0.956 between groups). Resting FVR decreased during enalaprilat compared with vehicle or HOE 140, but not compared with baseline, and the effect was similar in the 2 groups (22.0+/-2.7 and 24.1+/-2.9 mm Hg x mL(-1) x min(-1) x 100 mL(-1), respectively, P=0.610). In contrast, enalaprilat significantly increased resting net t-PA release (from 0.6+/-0.4 to 1.7+/-0.6 ng. min(-1) x 100 mL(-1), P=0.002); this effect was abolished by HOE 140 (0.1+/-0.3 ng x min(-1) x 100 mL(-1), P=0.036 versus enalaprilat alone). Enalaprilat increased the effect of exogenous bradykinin on FBF 60% (from 17.5+/-2.5 to 28.1+/-4.0 mL. min(-1) x 100 mL(-1) during 100 ng/min bradykinin, P=0.001) and on t-PA release 14-fold (from 21.2+/-7.9 to 317.4+/-118.9 ng x min(-1) x 100 mL(-1), P=0.024). Enalaprilat increased the t-PA response to bradykinin to a greater extent than the FBF response, shifting the relationship between net t-PA release and FBF (P=0.005). HOE 140 blocked these effects. There was no effect of enalaprilat or HOE 140 on the FBF or t-PA response to methacholine.ACE inhibition increases constitutive endothelial t-PA release through endogenous bradykinin.
Comment on the PROVE1 and PROVE2 clinical trials: “I was taking a picture of rapid virological response with telaprevir, but the background is unfocused!”
Authors: Leonardo Baiocchi, Ilaria Lenci, Marco Carbone, Mario Angelico
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We read with great interest the articles regarding the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1) with the adjunct of telaprevir by McHutchison et al.1 and Hézode et al.2 Although the overall results are encouraging in the setting of a difficult-to-treat disease, our attention was captured by the observation that with telaprevir, a reduced number of patients obtaining a Rapid Virological Response (RVR; i.e., HCV-RNA negative by week 4 of treatment) finally achieved a Sustained Virological Response (SVR). Several studies have in fact demonstrated that when RVR is attained with peginterferon and ribavirin, it predicts SVR in nearly 90% of cases.3-5 On the other hand, when telaprevir is added, the percentage of patients finally achieving SVR is low with respect to the high number of subjects achieving RVR (ranging between 82% and 60%). The only exception has been shown in the PROVE2 trial,2 in which an equal number of patients obtaining RVR and SVR is reported in the group exposed for 24 weeks to peginterferon and ribavirin. This result, however, is in disagreement with the PROVE1 trial,1 in which in the group with an identical treatment schedule, the percentage of patients obtaining SVR with respect to RVR was 75% only. In other words, RVR seems easier to obtain with telaprevir, but less frequently predicts a favorable treatment outcome. A possible explanation might reside in the suboptimal exposure in the majority of telaprevir groups to peginterferon and ribavirin (12 or 24 weeks, instead of the standard 48 weeks); however, it should also be considered that common on-treatment virological predictors might have a different meaning when they are obtained through different pharmacological approaches. As the background of a picture may vary according to the position of either the subject or the photographer, so too when we frame RVR deriving from a different path, we might expect a different perspective. Our observation is not aimed at denoting a possible negative aspect in the use of a promising new drug; instead, we want to underscore the importance of constantly and critically revising the meaning of our on-treatment virological indicators when a new drug is employed. Hopefully, we will all become good photographers. Leonardo Baiocchi*, Ilaria Lenci*, Marco Carbone*, Mario Angelico*, * Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Verruciform xanthoma of the esophagus: an uncommon entity in an unusual site
Authors: S. Licci, S. Campo, P. Ventura
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 49-year-old man was admitted for medical examination because of epigastric discomfort. Esophagogastroscopy revealed a small, elevated, verrucoid pink-yellowish mucosal lesion, 3 mm in diameter, in the upper third of the esophagus ([Fig. 1]).
A 5-Year Follow-Up Study of Psychotherapy
Authors: Tuula Pahkinen, Anja Cabble
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

This 5-year study examined students who were in individual psychotherapy. The specific interest of the study was in the stability of changes in their self-concept after psychotherapy. Students who were patients at the Dental Health Care Unit were used as a control group. Self-concept was measured by a multidimensional measure which consisted of four dependent variables: symptoms, Beck's Depression Inventory, self-image test and general progress during therapy. Changes in self-concept were presented as change profiles which showed that statistically significant changes had occurred in the experimental group during the 5-year follow-up study. However, the profile of the control group remained unchanged. The results of this follow-up study provide strong evidence for the stability of changes produced by psychotherapy. On the basis of LISREL models the 5-year results were best predicted by the 2-year results. The situation at the outset of psychotherapy predicted only 17% of the results after 5 years.