tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multicenter Study Indicates One Aspirin Can Do the Job of Four in Preventing Stroke
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

LESS IS MORE is the early word from the latest and largest aspirin trial. The preliminary results of the United Kingdom Transient Ischemic Attack/Aspirin Trial (UK TIA)—the first large study to evaluate low-dose against high-dose aspirin—indicate that 300 mg of aspirin daily is just as effective as 1200 mg in preventing myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with cerebrovascular disease. And as expected, the lower dose has fewer side effects. Charles Warlow, MD, one of the study's principal investigators, presented the preliminary findings at the 12th International Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation in Tampa, Fla. His findings may have seemed like old news but they provided the first firm clinical evidence for a truism of basic research: low-dose aspirin is more effective than high-dose in preventing thrombogenesis. Warlow noted that clinical substantiation had been a long time in coming due to the difficulties inherent in recruiting a study
Retreatment of patients with hcv-positive mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) who previously failed 12 months interferon therapy
Authors: C. Mazzaro, R. Colle, T. Lacchin, G. Carniello, C. Donada, W. Rizzo, S. Baracetti, M. Gregorutti, A. Faelli, M. Crovatto, G.F. Santini, M. Fanni, F. Zorat, G. Pozzato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Extended vs Short-term Buprenorphine-Naloxone for Treatment of Opioid-Addicted Youth
Authors: George E. Woody, Sabrina A. Poole, Geetha Subramaniam, Karen Dugosh, Michael Bogenschutz, Patrick Abbott, Ashwin Patkar, Mark Publicker, Karen McCain, Jennifer Sharpe Potter, Robert Forman, Victoria Vetter, Laura McNicholas, Jack Blaine, Kevin G. Lynch, Paul Fudala
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>The usual treatment for opioid-addicted youth is detoxification and counseling. Extended medication-assisted therapy may be more helpful.<h3>Objective</h3>To evaluate the efficacy of continuing buprenorphine-naloxone for 12 weeks vs detoxification for opioid-addicted youth.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>Clinical trial at 6 community programs from July 2003 to December 2006 including 152 patients aged 15 to 21 years who were randomized to 12 weeks of buprenorphine-naloxone or a 14-day taper (detox).<h3>Interventions</h3>Patients in the 12-week buprenorphine-naloxone group were prescribed up to 24 mg per day for 9 weeks and then tapered to week 12; patients in the detox group were prescribed up to 14 mg per day and then tapered to day 14. All were offered weekly individual and group counseling.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Opioid-positive urine test result at weeks 4, 8, and 12.<h3>Results</h3>The number of patients younger than 18 years was too small to analyze separately, but overall, patients in the detox group had higher proportions of opioid-positive urine test results at weeks 4 and 8 but not at week 12 (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub> = 4.93, P = .09). At week 4, 28 detox patients had positive results (61%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 47%-75%) vs 15 12-week buprenorphine-naloxone patients (26%; 95% CI = 14%-38%). At week 8, 22 detox patients had positive results (54%; 95% CI = 38%-70%) vs 12 12-week buprenorphine-naloxone patients (23%; 95% CI = 11%-35%). At week 12, 21 detox patients had positive results (51%; 95% CI = 35%-67%) vs 21 12-week buprenorphine-naloxone patients (43%; 95% CI = 29%-57%). By week 12, 16 of 78 detox patients (20.5%) remained in treatment vs 52 of 74 12-week buprenorphine-naloxone patients (70%; χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> = 32.90, P &lt; .001). During weeks 1 through 12, patients in the 12-week buprenorphine-naloxone group reported less opioid use (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> = 18.45, P &lt; .001), less injecting (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> = 6.00, P = .01), and less nonstudy addiction treatment (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> = 25.82, P &lt; .001). High levels of opioid use occurred in both groups at follow-up. Four of 83 patients who tested negative for hepatitis C at baseline were positive for hepatitis C at week 12.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Continuing treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone improved outcome compared with short-term detoxification. Further research is necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of longer-term treatment with buprenorphine for young individuals with opioid dependence.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00078130
1042-88 Admission polymorphonuclear cells count is a better risk stratification soluble marker than troponin I and C-reactive protein in patients with unstable angina
Authors: Ilias Karabinos, Spyridon Koulouris, Aggeliki Grigoratou, Athanasios Kranidis, Nikolaos Papageorgakis, Aggeliki Melpidou, Zerar Zoulien, Demosthenes Katritsis, Nikolaos Exadaktylos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Terminology for Down Syndrome
Authors: Forbes H. Norris
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The interesting article by McGowen (237:673, 1977) in a recent issue is commendable for the frequent use of the term "Down syndrome" but is marred by the unfortunate use of the term "mongolism" in the legend of Fig 2. Surely, the sooner this unfortunate bit of terminology with racist connotation is obliterated entirely, the better.
Impact of diabetes on coronary artery disease in women and men: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Authors: W L Lee, A M Cheung, D Cape, B Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Women are at a much lower risk of coronary disease mortality than men are. It is widely believed that diabetes "erases" this female advantage, increasing the risk of heart disease much more in women than in men. In reality, the extent of this increased risk is controversial, with studies showing conflicting results and wide confidence intervals. Clarification of this issue has implications for the pathogenesis of coronary disease, and for public health efforts to reduce coronary disease in women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis to calculate a summary estimate of the relative risk of coronary death among women with diabetes as compared to those without. For comparison, we also calculated the analogous risk among men. All prospective cohort studies containing both men and women, and both patients with and without diabetes, were examined. Sixteen studies were identified; 10 had sufficient data for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After combining studies that adjusted for other cardiac risk factors, the relative risk of coronary death from diabetes was 2.58 (95% CI 2.05-3.26) for women and 1.85 (1.47-2.33) for men. This difference is statistically significant (P = 0.045). Other sensitivity analyses did not change these estimates appreciably. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of diabetes on the risk of coronary death is significantly greater for women than men. Further research is required to explain this clinically meaningful difference between the sexes.
Documents missing from a 10 year old murder case sent to the <i>BMJ</i>
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The roles of general practitioner and specialist maternity units are increasingly being debated with reference to resources and the need for savings in the NHS. Unfortunately, many of the economic issues involved are frequently misunderstood. On the basis of a study of maternity care in one Health Board area in Scotland, we present an example of the type of economic data which are needed to make policy decisions on resource allocation in hospital maternity care. Differences between the two unit types are presented in terms of their unit costs, their cost structures and their inpatient cost profiles.
England will ban smoking in enclosed public places
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Smoking will be banned in almost all enclosed work spaces in England from the summer of 2007, after parliament rejected a proposal to offer exemptions to some pubs and clubs in a free vote last week on the government's Health Bill.

MPs voted against two compromises that would have watered down the ban. The government's last white paper on public health ( BMJ 2005;330: 1468) suggested that pubs that do not serve any cooked food—about a quarter of English pubs—should …
Physicians for the Developing World
Authors: Stacey B. Day
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  While the potential for good is overwhelming in the discussion by Dr Pust1that  physicians can help forge a commitment to Third World Health, his thesis raises issues that depend on understanding the precise educational and health needs of specific groups.  I have taught in both American medical schools and at schools in the developing nations, and a fundamental question I believe is whether American physicians, as currently trained, are appropriate professionals to serve the underprivileged populations in the developing world.  An understanding of the basic health needs of these populations is essential. Sending surplus physicians to developing countries is likely to achieve little unless such physicians have training in community (rural) health as well as knowledge of the common diseases seen in these people—malnutrition, malaria, tuberculosis, tetanus, trachoma, dysentery, meningitis, cholera, and parasitic diseases, for example.  The basic health mission should be to foster
Inhalation challenge with specific grass pollen antigens in asthmatics and the effect of lodoxamide tromethamine.
Authors: R W Parrish, B H Davies
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Highly purified species-specific grass pollen antigens were used for inhalation bronchial challenge in 12 patients with atopic asthma. This was found to result in reproducible experimental asthma. Lodoxamide tromethamine was administered by inhalation in two different doses, 0.01 mg and 0.1 mg, to each patient, in double-blind, random, placebo-controlled manner, 15 minutes before pollen inhalation. It was found to have a significant protective action at both doses (p less than 0.05), but it produced troublesome side effects at the higher dose of 0.1 mg.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is expressed in cultured human bronchiolar epithelium.
Authors: P W Shaul, A J North, L C Wu, L B Wells, T S Brannon, K S Lau, T Michel, L R Margraf, R A Star
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of physiologic and inflammatory processes in the lung. To better understand the role of NO in the airway, we examined constitutive NO synthase (NOS) gene expression and function in NCI-H441 human bronchiolar epithelial cells, which are believed to be of Clara cell lineage. NOS activity was detected by [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline conversion (1,070 +/- 260 fmol/mg protein per minute); enzyme activity was inhibited 91% by EGTA, consistent with the expression of a calcium-dependent NOS isoform. Immunoblot analyses with antisera directed against neuronal, inducible, or endothelial NOS revealed expression solely of endothelial NOS protein. Immunocytochemistry for endothelial NOS revealed staining predominantly in the cell periphery, consistent with the association of this isoform with the cellular membrane. To definitively identify the NOS isoform expressed in H441 cells, NOS cDNA was obtained by degenerate PCR. Sequencing of the H441 NOS cDNA revealed 100% identity with human endothelial NOS at the amino acid level. Furthermore, the H441 NOS cDNA hybridized to a single 4.7-kb mRNA species in poly(A)+ RNA isolated from H441 cells, from rat, sheep, and pig lung, and from ovine endothelial cells, coinciding with the predicted size of 4.7 kb for endothelial NOS mRNA. Guanylyl cyclase activity in H441 cells, assessed by measuring cGMP accumulation, rose 6.6- and 5.4-fold with calcium-mediated activation of NOS by thapsigargin and A23187, respectively. These findings indicate that endothelial NOS is expressed in select bronchiolar epithelial cells, where it may have autocrine effects through activation of guanylyl cyclase. Based on these observations and the previous identification of endothelial NOS in a kidney epithelial cell line, it is postulated that endothelial NOS may be expressed in unique subsets of epithelial cells in a variety of organs, serving to modulate ion flux and/or secretory function.
Errors in Author Name and Author Affiliations in Reply Letter by Golding et al (Arthritis Rheumatol, May 2014)
Authors: Amit Golding, Ethan M. Shavach, Sarfaraz Hasni, Gabor Illei
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

The byline of the Reply letter by Golding et al published in the May 2014 issue of Arthritis & Rheumatology (pages 1403â€“1404) contained several errors. First, the correct spelling of the second author's name is Ethan M. Shevach, MD. Second, the correct name of the institute where Dr. Hasni is employed is the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Third, Dr. Illei is currently employed by MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD. We regret the errors.
Divergent Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Resistance in Experimental Models of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Petra S. Bachmann, Rosemary Gorman, Rachael A. Papa, Jane E. Bardell, Jette Ford, Ursula R. Kees, Glenn M. Marshall, Richard B. Lock
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cell line models of glucocorticoid resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) almost invariably exhibit altered glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. However, these findings are incongruous with those using specimens derived directly from leukemia patients, in which GR alterations are rarely found. Consequently, mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in the clinical setting remain largely unresolved. We present a novel paradigm of glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL, in which patient biopsies have been directly established as continuous xenografts in immune-deficient mice, without prior in vitro culture. We show that the GRs from six highly dexamethasone-resistant xenografts (in vitro IC50 &amp;gt;10 μmol/L) exhibit no defects in ligand-induced nuclear translocation and binding to a consensus glucocorticoid response element (GRE). This finding contrasts with five commonly used leukemia cell lines, all of which exhibited defective GRE binding. Moreover, whereas the GRs of dexamethasone-resistant xenografts were transcriptionally active, as assessed by the ability to induce the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) gene, resistance was associated with failure to induce the bim gene, which encodes a proapoptotic BH3-only protein. Furthermore, the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU11657, completely reversed dexamethasone resistance in a xenograft expressing functional GR, indicating that pharmacologic reversal of glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL is achievable. [Cancer Res 2007;67(9):4482–90]
THE SIGHT AND HEARING OF SCHOOL CHILDREN.
Authors: H. V. WURDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

I have been requested by the superintendent of the Milwaukee schools to say something concerning methods for the systematic examination of school children's vision and hearing, which have been instituted in a number of the large cities of America, and have been taken up in this city under the authority of the commissioner of public health. The enlightenment of the young may be likened to the raising of agricultural products. Not only are proper seeds necessary, but favorable soil and conditions are quite as needful. The means of education: the buildings, properly placed, constructed and conducted, including teachers, systems, books, etc., have been fully developed in our day. The child's mind should be active and its body and senses healthy to render it capable of profiting by instruction. Modern schools, with their effective machinery, are a source of gratification and delight to all; but enthusiastic, progressive and systematic educators do
FLT3 mutations have no prognostic impact in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia and normal karyotype
Authors: Felicetto Ferrara, Clelia Criscuolo, Cira Riccardi, Tiziana Izzo, Mariangela Pedata, Carolina Copia, Laura Vicari, Marina Tarsitano, Salvatore Palmieri, Fabrizio Pane
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)
AN INVESTIGATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION THREE YEARS AFTER RECOVERY FROM ACUTE MERCURIC CHLORID POISONING
Authors: George M. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In 1915, Lambert and Patterson<sup>1</sup>published an article on poisoning by mercuric chlorid and its treatment, and reported a series of cases so treated. They thus outlined their treatment: (1) continuous rectal irrigation by the drop method with 1 dram of potassium acetate to the pint of water; (2) washing of the stomach twice daily; (3) irrigation of the colon twice daily; (4) a daily sweat in a hot pack; (5) the administration every other hour of the following mixture: potassium bitartrate, 1 dram; sugar, 1 dram; lactose, one-half ounce; lemon juice, 1 ounce; boiled water, 16 ounces; on the alternate hours, administration of 8 ounces of milk. Recently we have succeeded in following up one of the most severe of these cases, and had the patient readmitted to the hospital to investigate her present kidney function. The history in this case was as follows: A woman, aged 22,
Patulous Eustachian Tube
Authors: Siu Kwan Ng, Charles Andrew van Hasselt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A healthy 26-year-old man reported a three-month history of aural fullness and a flapping noise in his right ear. Otoscopy revealed inward-and-outward movements of his right tympanic membrane in time with his nasal respiration (Video Clip 1). Both the symptoms and the motion in his eardrum were greatly reduced when he lay down. We diagnosed a patulous eustachian tube, signifying abnormal patency of the tube. This anomaly permits the movement of air into and out of the middle ear by means of the eustachian tube during nasal breathing. The tympanic membrane moved outward when the patient exhaled, owing to the . . .
Deficiency of liver adipose triglyceride lipase in mice causes progressive hepatic steatosis
Authors: Jiang Wei Wu, Shu Pei Wang, Fernando Alvarez, Stéphanie Casavant, Nicolas Gauthier, Lynda Abed, Krishnakant G. Soni, Gongshe Yang, Grant A. Mitchell
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract: Accumulation of cytoplasmic triacylglycerol (TG) underlies hepatic steatosis, a major cause of cirrhosis. The pathways of cytoplasmic TG metabolism are not well known in hepatocytes, but evidence suggests an important role in lipolysis for adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). We created mice with liver-specific inactivation of Pnpla2 , the ATGL gene. These ATGLLKO mice had severe progressive periportal macrovesicular and pericentral microvesicular hepatic steatosis (73, 150, and 226 μmol TG/g liver at 4, 8, and 12 months, respectively). However, plasma levels of glucose, TG, and cholesterol were similar to those of controls. Fasting 3-hydroxybutyrate level was normal, but in thin sections of liver, beta oxidation of palmitate was decreased by one-third in ATGLLKO mice compared with controls. Tests of very low-density lipoprotein production, glucose, and insulin tolerance and gluconeogenesis from pyruvate were normal. Plasma alanine aminotransferase levels were elevated in ATGLLKO mice, but histological estimates of inflammation and fibrosis and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were similar to or lower than those in controls. ATGLLKO cholangiocytes also showed cytoplasmic lipid droplets, demonstrating that ATGL is also a major lipase in cholangiocytes. There was a 50-fold reduction of hepatic diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 mRNA level and a 2.7-fold increase of lipolysosomes in hepatocytes ( P &lt; 0.001), suggesting reduced TG synthesis and increased lysosomal degradation of TG as potential compensatory mechanisms. Conclusion: Compared with the hepatic steatosis of obesity and diabetes, steatosis in ATGL deficiency is well tolerated metabolically. ATGLLKO mice will be useful for studying the pathophysiology of hepatic steatosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Glomerular filtration rate estimation based on a single blood sample.
Authors: M Fisher, N Veall
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Group B** Rubella HI-titre before vaccination in all patients <8 <8 Rubella HI-titre three weeks after vaccination; mean geometric titre + 1 S.D. .. 16-9±95 10-4±6-6 (13) (8) Rubella HI-titre six weeks after rubella vaccination; mean geometric titre + 1 S.D. .73-5±2-7 78-8±2-4 (15) (10) P-value (six weeks) >0 5*Patients received rubella vaccine on day 5 post partum.**Patients having had anti-D immunoglobulin within 48 hours of delivery followed three days later by the rubella vaccination.Figures in parentheses indicate number of patients.results agree with those of others.a 3 We do not hesitate, therefore, to inject anti-D when needed as well as the rubella vaccine post partum, but we also suggest postponing the rubella vaccination when a blood transfusion is given at delivery.
Pancreatitis as an Adverse Reaction to Salicylazosulfapyridine
Authors: Marshall B. Block, Harry K. Genant, Joseph B. Kirsner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

ADVERSE reactions to drugs of the sulfonamide family have been reported to involve all major organ systems.1 Anaphylactoid reactions2 and serum-sickness-like syndromes have also been described.3 Barrett and Thier4 presented a case of pancreatitis induced by sulfamethizole; however, a causal relation was not well documented. On the basis of an elevated lipase level, Nidus et al.5 suggested pancreatic involvement in a patient with salivary-gland enlargement attributed to sulfasoxazole. In the case of regional enteritis reported below, several episodes of pancreatitis were induced by the administration of salicylazosulfapyridine (Azulfidine). To the best of our knowledge this is the first case implicating . . .
Re: Red Urine
Authors: Hobart A. Reimann
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Eating highly pigmented vegetables can cause a more alarming result than purple-red stools (240:2733, 1978). One morning, on arising, a healthy 65-year-old man, whose two brothers had died of cancer of the bladder, voided bright-red urine. His fright abated when his wife did the same. Both had eaten boiled garden-fresh beets the evening before. The answer was "beeturia." His physician then ate half a can of preserved beets, but without similar result. Evidently, the pigment betaine can be excreted unchanged in the urine of some persons and not in others. The canned beets might have had as much as 50% of the betaine destroyed by heating; thus, it was unavailable to the physician's metabolic processes. Alternatively, the physician-experimenter might be a "metabolizer."
Diagnostic value of 67Ga-scintigraphy in chest surgery
Authors: J. Fogh, Sv. Bertelsen, A. Schmidt
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Fogh, J., Bertelsen, Sv., and Schmidt, A. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 26-31. <b>Diagnostic value of <sup>67</sup>Ga-scintigraphy in chest surgery.</b> Gallium-67 (<sup>67</sup>Ga) has a high affinity for malignant tissue. The diagnostic value of <sup>67</sup>Ga-scintigraphy for differentiating between malignant and benign disease was studied in 109 patients with lesions of the chest discovered by radiological examination. Histological diagnoses were obtained in all the patients after the study was concluded. All the patients with sarcoidosis showed intense uptake of <sup>67</sup>Ga in their lesions. The diagnostic specificity for the rest of the material was 94%, the diagnostic sensitivity 76%, and the prevalence 76%. <sup>67</sup>Ga-scintigraphy appears to be a valuable addition to thoracic diagnostic methods.