tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MANAGEMENT OF ABORTION
Authors: ONSLOW A. GORDON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

This study of the question of the management of abortion is made after a consideration of 1,640 consecutive cases of abortion admitted to the gynecologic service at Bellevue Hospital during 1921, 1922 and 1923. Nine hundred and sixty-one consecutive cases from this number have been subjected to a detailed study. We define abortion as any interrupted gestation prior to the period of viability. We classify all our cases as aseptic or septic. We consider an abortion septic when the temperature goes above 101 F. by rectum, or if there is any history of intra-uterine intervention. Cases are also further classified as threatened, inevitable or incomplete. The abortion is considered threatened when the uterine hemorrhage is moderate and there is no effacement of the cervical canal. It is inevitable when the uterine hemorrhage is profuse, especially if associated with rhythmic uterine contractions, or if there is effacement of the internal os,
PLATELET REACTIVITY AFTER THIENOPYRIDINE TREATMENT: ASSESSMENT WITH SCREEN FILTRATION PRESSURE METHOD AND DRUG-ELUTING STENT THROMBOSIS
Authors: Shuichi Oshima, Katuso Noda, Hironobu Fukushima, Shinichi Nakamura, Izumi Taniguchi, Fumihito Kugimiya, Kenichiro Higa, Tsunenori Nishijima, Shinsuke Hanatani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
HDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk
Authors: W. A Ghali, N. Rodondi
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Treatments can increase HDL cholesterol, but do not independently reduce risk

History tends to repeat itself, in the medical sciences as in other domains. In the linked systematic review (doi:10.1136/bmj.b92), Briel and colleagues put high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol into perspective as a marker of risk, and their findings evoke memories of other risk markers.1 Like HDL cholesterol, premature ventricular contractions are a validated risk marker for cardiovascular disease. Such contractions indicate an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in the general population and in patients presenting with cardiovascular disease.2 3 Yet specific treatments that eliminate these contractions do not decrease the risk for adverse outcomes and can even increase risk.4 Thus, modifying the known marker of increased risk does not necessarily modify the risk itself.

Briel and colleagues demonstrate this phenomenon for HDL cholesterol in a meta-regression study of 108 clinical trials that assessed more than 300 000 patients and several …
Further Therapeutic Experience With Pralidoximes in Organic Phosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Griffith E. Quinby
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A clinical evaluation has been made of 24 cases of organic phosphorus poisoning treated with atropine and pralidoxime chloride or iodide. The use of pralidoxime in three other patients who were not poisoned is presented. Response to treatment was most dramatic in parathion poisoning. Considerable benefit was evident in Phosdrin poisoning, but less so than in parathion poisoning. Experience with poisoning from tetraethyl pyrophosphate and malathion showed promise, but was insufficient to justify any final evaluation. Side effects were minimal. In severe poisonings the use of cholinesterase reactivators was justified on clinical impression alone, even when the history of exposure was incomplete or had not been obtained at the time of most severe signs and symptoms.
Comparative proteomic approach for the identification of putative biomarkers of neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistance in luminal a breast molecular subtype
Authors: Tasadooq Hussain, Lucy Scaife, Victoria Hodgkinson, Vijay Agarwal, Tapan Mahapatra, Penelope McManus, Peter Kneeshaw, Mike Lind, Lynn Cawkwell
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Quantophrenia, Lung Cancer, and Common Sense
Authors: Milton B. Rosenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal(<b>175</b>:997 [March 18] 1961), under the impressive title of "Some Thoughts on the Causation of Chronic Disease," Drs. Wynder and Day issued another blast in the lung cancer-smoking controversy. Their passionate communication paid great homage to statistical surveys, belittled the necessity for biological parameters, and concluded with an appeal to common sense. The latter is an excellent suggestion and merits further elaboration. During the past decade, epidemiologists have applied a relatively new discipline, biometry, to establish the etiology of lung cancer. In a remarkably short period a problem which defied biological research for 150 years was readily solved by statistical data. The absence of unequivocal biological confirmation was embarrassing but inconsequential. The problem resolves itself into whether a statistical association between 2 variables, smoking and cancer, is sufficient to establish a causal relationship, particularly when the same data show a relationship between smoking
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition
Authors: Debra J. Szeluga
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with great concern the letter entitled "Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition,"<sup>1</sup>in which the author cautioned clinicians about the use of serum protein concentrations in the assessment of nutritional status. The tone of the letter leaves the reader with the false impression that these biochemical tests cannot be used to assess the nutritional status of hospitalized patients.<sup>2</sup> The author cites as an example a "fasted patient who is otherwise healthy and whose serum albumin and other serum protein levels are maintained in the normal range throughout the fast, presumably by using the amino acids in muscle catabolism." In fact, in a fasted, unstressed, wellnourished or overnourished individual, the liver's synthesis of serum proteins can be supported for long periods of time (&gt;24 days) by the redistribution of nutrients from the body cell mass.<sup>3,4</sup>It is well documented that continued starvation will
Identification of Shrimp Tropomyosin (Pen a 1) as an IgE-Independent Mast Cell Secretagogue
Authors: A.S. Kirshenbaum, Y. Wu, J.M. Brown, A.M. Gilfillan, L.M. Lantz, G. Reese, S. Vieths, D.D. Metcalfe
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
THE INCIDENCE OF TYPHOID CARRIERS IN A STATE INSANE ASYLUM
Authors: CHARLES KRUMWIEDE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In September and October, 1907, the Brooklyn state Hospital had some cases of typhoid fever. At this time, Drs. Smith and Agnew of this institution sent to Miss W. Carey Noble, of the Bureau of Laboratories, the stools of all the convalescent patients; continued examinations showed that two women (E. O. and A. M.) had become chronic bacillus carriers. In 1912, there were a few cases of typhoid fever, and from these developed another chronic carrier (M. R.). Again, in 1915, a few inmates contracted the disease.  As previous reports have shown the tendency to a high carrier rate in asylums, we thought it worth while because of this history of institutional fever, to cooperate in a survey to determine the incidence of typhoid carriers. Under the direction of one of us, the institution was listed by wards, and ward residence since 1907 indicated for each inmate. Our intention was
Cerebral Cysticercosis Treated Biphasically with Dexamethasone and Praziquantel
Authors: LAWRENCE D. deGHETALDI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A patient with cerebral cysticercosis had marked clinical and radiographic response to the administration of corticosteroids and praziquantel. Treatment with corticosteroids was effective in reducing clinical symptoms and reactive cerebral edema. Praziquantel, an anticestodal agent, seems to be a safe and effective therapy for this infection. By 4 months after praziquantel therapy, all of the patient's intracranial lesions had disappeared. Computed tomography is essential in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients treated with this drug.
BTR May Be Useful Markers for Aggressive Therapy for Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Case with Jaundice
Authors: T. Ishikawa, T. Kubota, K. Hirose, H. Abe, A. Nagashima, K. Seki, T. Honma, T. Yoshida, N. Ishihara
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Cancer treatment with patients in mind
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Cardiac myocytes allowed to recover after the isolation procedure in a well-oxygenated medium were resistant to an extracellular Ca++ concentration of 1.5 mM. At least 90% of the isolated myocytes maintained their initial rod-shaped form after a 1-hr incubation, as well as 85% of their ATP and a low cellular content of calcium. At concentrations less than 10(-5) M, bepridil had no effect on these cells. On the other hand, when the myocytes were incubated in anaerobic conditions, 1.5 mM Ca++ was deleterious: the number of viable cells decreased by about 50%, ATP levels were lowered by 70% and the total cell calcium content increased by more than 100%. Bepridil had a biphasic effect on anaerobic cells. At concentrations below 10(7) M, the drug had a beneficial action. It restored cell viability and cellular ATP to 77 and 100% when compared to their respective level in the absence of Ca++. However, at concentrations higher than 10(-6) M, bepridil decreased the number of viable cells as well as their ATP content. At optimal concentrations, bepridil lowered the cellular calcium to its level in aerobic conditions. Without calcium addition, anoxic cells accumulated Na+ and lost K+. Calcium addition decreased Na+ accumulation by 68% and prevented the loss of K+. The Na+ and K+ content of the cells were not affected by bepridil. However, it is noteworthy that, at 10(-4) M, bepridil decreased dramatically the potassium content of the cells. In aerobic conditions, the calcium resistance of isolated ventricular myocytes may still be enhanced by Fluozol, a fluorocarbon compound which increases oxygen solubility in water.
Minocycline and Rheumatoid Arthritis Revisited
Authors: Leo Galland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 September 1995Minocycline and Rheumatoid Arthritis RevisitedLeo Galland, MDLeo Galland, MDNew York, NY 10021Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-5-199509010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his editorial on minocycline treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Dr. Paulus compares the favorable outcome to the outcome seen with treatment of a smoldering chronic infection [1]. The partial remission induced by minocycline therapy and relapse following its discontinuation suggest that antibiotic responsiveness may actually address a secondary “infection” induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) taken by all patients throughout the Monocycline in Rheumatoid Arthritis (MIRA) clinical trial [2]. Long-term NSAID exposure produces intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation, which cannot be reversed by misoprostol but which is both prevented and reversed by the administration of metronidazole [3]. Therapy ...References1. Paulus HE. Minocycline treatment of rheumatoid arthritis [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:147-8. Google Scholar2. Tilley BC, Alarcon GS, Heyse SP, Trentham DE, Neuner R, Kaplan DA, et al. Minocycline in rheumatoid arthritis. A 48-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:81-9. Google Scholar3. Davies GR, Wilkie ME, Rampton DS. Effects of metronidazole and misoprostol on indomethacin-induced changes in intestinal permeability. Dig Dis Sci. 1993; 38:417-25. Google Scholar4. Dearlove M, Barr K, Neuman V, Bird HA, Gool HC, Wright V. The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of faecal flora nd bacterial antibody levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1992; 31:443-7. Google Scholar5. Severijnen AJ, Kool J, Swack AJ, Hazenberg MP. Intestinal flora of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: induction of chronic arthritis in rats by cell wall fragments of Eubacterium aerofaciens strain. Br J Rheumatol. 1990; 29:433-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCritical data-based re-evaluation of minocycline as a putative specific microglia inhibitorMinocycline-Induced Intraoral Pharmacogenic Pigmentation: Case Reports and Review of the Literature 1 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 5Page: 392-393KeywordsAntibioticsClinical trialsClostridiumDrug therapyEnteritisInflammationInflammatory arthritisNSAIDsRheumatoid arthritisToxins Issue Published: 1 September 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tetracycline and Yellow Teeth
Authors: Donald K. Adler
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —An article appeared in the April 21, 1962, issue of<i>Lancet</i>(<b>1:</b>827) reporting the deposition of tetracycline in the teeth of neonates. There have been previous reports in this country (ie, Shwachman, H., and Schuster, A.:<i>Pediat Clin N Amer</i><b>3:</b>295 [May] 1956, and Zegarelli, E. V., et al:<i>Pediatrics</i><b>26:</b>1050 [Dec] 1960), as well as innumerable other reports published after the original article in<i>Lancet</i>by Wallman and Hilton. I also would like to present as an illustrative example, the case of a child, now 2 yr old, who has exhibited marked, bright orange-yellow discoloration of all primary dentition which has appeared. This discoloration is most pronounced at the gum line, and is<i>not</i>associated with any gross deformity or hypoplasia of the teeth. The child's delivery was normal and spontaneous at full term. Pregnancy was complicated by the transverse position of the
Is the breast cancer drug tamoxifen being sold as a bodybuilding dietary supplement?
Authors: M. Evans-Brown, A. Kimergard, J. McVeigh, M. Chandler, S. D. Brandt
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background and importance</h3> The effect of taking drugs with the capacity to develop anticholinergic adverse effects, both peripheral (urinary retention, constipation, etc) and central (cognitive/functional disorders), is cumulative and may be different depending on the measurement scale used. In the psychiatric population, this effect may be greater due to the type of medication used. <h3>Aim and objectives</h3> To analyse the prevalence and risk of anticholinergic burden (AB) in hospitalised psychiatric patients through the use of different calculation scales, and comparison between them to determine the most indicated in our psychiatric sample. To establish the most prescribed antipsychotic medications, and to determine if there are differences between the short stay unit (CSU) and the long/medium stay ward (LSW). <h3>Material and methods</h3> A cross sectional study was conducted in psychiatric patients admitted in the last month. Variables collected were: demographic (age, sex), hospitalisation unit, number of drugs with AB and their anticholinergic risk according to the following scales: anticholinergic drug scale (ADS), anticholinergic risk scale (ARS), drug burden index (DBI), anticholinergic cognitive burden scale (ACB), Chew’s scale (Chew), anticholinergic activity scale (AAS), anticholinergic load scale (ALS), clinician rated anticholinergic scale (CrAS) and Duran’s scale (Duran). The variables were obtained from the electronic medical records, and the AB and risk (no risk/low/medium/high) were calculated according to the aforementioned scales, using the AB calculator tool. <h3>Results</h3> 67 patients (63% women) were treated with drugs with anticholinergic effects; mean age was 42.9 years. All patients had been prescribed some drug with AB (average number 5). Average number of drugs with AB in the CSU was 3.8 compared with 5.5 in the LSW (p&lt;0.05). The AB on each scale was: 4.3 (high) with ACB; 3.7 (medium) with Chew; 2.3 (medium) with CrAS; 3.3 (medium) with AAS; 2.3 (medium) with ARS; 2.7 (high) with Duran; 2.9 (high) with DBI; 5.3 (high) with ADS; and 1.8 (medium) with ALS. The most prescribed drugs with anticholinergic activity were: benzodiazepines (88.1%), olanzapine (46.3%), antidepressants (41.8%) and quetiapine (37.3%). <h3>Conclusion and relevance</h3> The number of psychiatric patients treated with drugs with anticholinergic effects was very high (100%), and statistically higher in the LSW than in the CSU. Studies are needed to determine which of these scales is the most useful to apply in our population. The drugs with anticholinergic activity most prescribed were, by far, benzodiazepines. Withdrawing (progressively), replacing pharmacological treatment (if it cannot be suspended) or reducing the dose (minimum effective dose) would be valid strategies to reduce the anticholinergic burden. <h3>References and/or acknowledgements</h3> <h3>Conflict of interest</h3> No conflict of interest
Systematic reviews from astronomy to zoology: myths and misconceptions
Authors: M Petticrew
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To investigate the incidence of retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to clarify its significance in relation to other clinical manifestations. <h3>METHODS</h3> A cross sectional study on lupus retinopathy was made in 69 patients with SLE. One expert ophthalmologist examined the ocular fundi of the lupus patients without any information of their disease state. Clinical and laboratory findings in the patients with retinopathy and those without were compared. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Retinopathy was found in 7/69 (10%) patients. The findings included haemorrhages, vasculitis, cotton wool spots, and hard exudates, all of which were considered to reflect vascular damage. Retinopathy was found to be associated with the presence of anticardiolipin antibody (p&lt;0.05) and with central nervous system lupus (p&lt;0.01). The patients with retinopathy had higher levels of serum creatinine than the patients without retinopathy (p&lt;0.01). The disease activity of lupus, as assessed by the maximum SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score of the patients, was also significantly higher in the patients with retinopathy (p&lt;0.03). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Incidence of retinopathy in SLE was similar to that in previous reports and it may reflect tissue microangiopathy, particularly associated with vasculitis or anticardiolipin antibodies, or both.
HEMORRHAGE FROM THE BOWEL FOLLOWING APPENDECTOMY.
Authors: J. R. JUDD
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The question of hemorrhage from the stump of the amputated appendix, treated by inversion and pursestring suture, was brought to the attention of the profession in 1904 by Dr. M. G. Seelig, 1 who quoted three cases of severe hemorrhage from the rectum following operation.  In a paper read before the Chicago Medical Society Dr. William Hessert 2 reported three cases of postoperative hemorrhage from the stump, with a fatal issue in one instance. In the discussion that followed four cases of hemorrhage were reported, with one fatality. In Dr. John A. Wyeth's paper entitled the Technic of Appendectomy, read before the American Medical Association at the Fifty-eighth Annual Session, 3 a number of similar cases were reported, the purse-string method was considered unsafe and the ligature and the cauterization method was recommended.  A careful perusal of the above articles shows that postoperative hemorrhage has been observed when the following
A prospective investigation of elevated lipoprotein (a) detected by electrophoresis and cardiovascular disease in women. The Framingham Heart Study.
Authors: A G Bostom, D R Gagnon, L A Cupples, P W Wilson, J L Jenner, J M Ordovas, E J Schaefer, W P Castelli
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Sinking prebeta lipoprotein is a putative marker for elevated levels of lipoprotein (a). Although prospective data suggest that increased plasma lipoprotein (a) is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease in men, no prospective studies are available in women.From 1968 through 1975, sinking prebeta lipoprotein was determined by paper electrophoresis in 3103 women Framingham Heart Study participants who were free of prevalent cardiovascular disease. A sinking prebeta lipoprotein band was detectable in 434 of the women (14%) studied. The median follow-up interval was approximately 12 years. Incident cardiovascular disease was associated with band presence using a proportional hazards model that included age, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glucose intolerance, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ECG left ventricular hypertrophy. Multivariable adjusted relative risk estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) for outcomes in the band present versus absent groups were as follows: myocardial infarction (82 events), 2.37 (1.48 to 3.81); intermittent claudication (62 events), 1.94 (1.07 to 3.50); cerebrovascular disease (83 events), 1.88 (1.12 to 3.15); total coronary heart disease (174 events), 1.61 (1.13 to 2.29); and total cardiovascular disease (305 events), 1.44 (1.09 to 1.91). A subset analysis indicated that band presence was 50.9% sensitive and 95.4% specific for detecting plasma lipoprotein (a) levels of > 30 mg/dL, the threshold value linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk in men.Sinking prebeta lipoprotein was a valid surrogate for elevated lipoprotein (a) levels in Framingham Heart Study women. Band presence and, equivalently, elevated plasma lipoprotein (a), was a strong, independent predictor of myocardial infarction, intermittent claudication, and cerebrovascular disease. Confirmation of these findings in other longitudinal studies of women is needed.
Some Renaissance, Baroque, and contemporary cultural elaborations of the art of memory
Authors: David L. Bimler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract The target article addresses historical and present-day mnemotechnics as a practice. It also deserves scrutiny as culture writ small. For would-be Hermetic adepts of the Renaissance and Baroque, the ancient art of memory (AAOM) provided both an iconography and a projective-test vision of possibilities. In contemporary fiction, Memory Palaces become a metaphor for the workings of mind, of culture, and of information technology.
Long-range amplification of genomic DNA detects the t(2;5)(p23;q35) in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, but not in other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, or lymphomatoid papulosis
Authors: A.H. Sarris, R. Luthra, V. Papadimitracopoulou, M. Waasdorp, M.A. Dimopoulos, J.A. McBride, F. Cabanillas, M. Duvic, A. Deisseroth, S.W. Morris, W.C. Pugh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Active, phosphorylated fingolimod inhibits histone deacetylases and facilitates fear extinction memory
Authors: Nitai C Hait, Laura E Wise, Jeremy C Allegood, Megan O'Brien, Dorit Avni, Thomas M Reeves, Pamela E Knapp, Junyan Lu, Cheng Luo, Michael F Miles, Sheldon Milstien, Aron H Lichtman, Sarah Spiegel
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Antepartum Oral Disposition Index as a Predictor of Glucose Intolerance Postpartum
Authors: Yoshifumi Saisho, Kei Miyakoshi, Mamoru Tanaka, Tadashi Matsumoto, Kazuhiro Minegishi, Yasunori Yoshimura, Hiroshi Itoh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Although women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased subsequent risk for diabetes, the diabetic risk might be heterogeneous because the degree of abnormal glucose metabolism varies. The glucose tolerance status in pregnancy is related with postpartum prediabetes or diabetes, whereas studies on the antepartum factors associated with dysglycemia postpartum are limited (1,2). Women with GDM should be screened for diabetes postpartum; however, some miss the follow-up for the glucose surveillance.

β-Cell function contributes to the development of glucose intolerance, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived measures for β-cell function (i.e., oral disposition index [DIo]) seem to be predictive of developing diabetes (3). Likewise, the DIo during pregnancy might have potential to predict glucose intolerance postpartum. Therefore, we investigated the relation …