tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Position-dependent patterning of spontaneous action potentials in immature cochlear inner hair cells
Authors: Stuart L Johnson, Tobias Eckrich, Stephanie Kuhn, Valeria Zampini, Christoph Franz, Kishani M Ranatunga, Terri P Roberts, Sergio Masetto, Marlies Knipper, Corné J Kros, Walter Marcotti
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Lipogenesis in Human Adipose Tissue: Some Effects of Nibbling and Gorging
Authors: George A. Bray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Six grossly obese patients were fed 5000 calorie diets for 4 wk. During one period of 2 wk, the calories were consumed over 4 hr (gorging) and during the other 2 wk, the dietary intake was spread over 20 hr (nibbling). Each of these periods followed a low caloric intake which lasted at least 10 days. Three male patients (group I) were studied at or near their maximal weight and three females (group II) after a weight loss of 50-70 kg. The patients in group II gained more weight than those in group I. Lipogenesis from pyruvate was greater in group II than in group I. Rapid ingestion of food (gorging) was accompanied by a significant increase in glyceride-glycerol-(14)C and fatty acids-(14)C from pyruvate-(14)C. The enzymatic activity of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial glycerophosphate oxidase paralleled the rate of formation of glyceride-glycerol. Lipogenesis from pyruvate was significantly lower when the bicarbonate concentration was reduced from 25 to 10 mM. Citrate and acetate were also converted to fatty acids but there was no difference between gorging and nibbling. An inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase significantly reduced the conversion of pyruvate into CO(2), glyceride-glycerol, and fatty acids. These data on gorging and nibbling have been related to other studies suggesting that the frequency of food intake may be inversely related to obesity.
MYOCARDIAL TRANSFER OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM: EFFECT OF ACETYL STROPHANTHIDIN IN NORMAL DOGS 12
Authors: Timothy J. Regan, Frederick N. Talmers, Harper K. Hellems
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

Although the hemodynamic events attending low-output congestive heart failure have been well defined, the biochemical changes in the myo- cardium responsible for these events and the re- sponse to cardiac glycosides remain largely un- known.Evidence to date suggests that in the failing heart there is normal substrate oxidation but an impairment of energy utilization (1).Re- cent data would indicate an altered state of the myocardial protein-complex, actomyosin (2), but whether this is the primary event in the evolution of congestive failure remains to be demonstrated.Post-mortem tissue analyses for cation con- tent of human heart muscle in failure have shown a lowered content of potassium (3, 4).Moreover, after digitalis, in therapeutic (5) and toxic doses (5, 6), the potassium content diminishes, although some disagreement over the former exists.That these changes may have functional significance is suggested by the work of Hajdu (7), who, from data obtained with a frog heart-muscle prepara- tion, has inferred that the positive inotropism of digitalis is effected by the reduction in internal ionic content produced by the transfer of potassium from the cell.The pronounced effect of digitalis on the me- chanical efficiency of the failing myocardium (8, 9) suggests that this drug might provide data re-
PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA WITH FOCI OF INFECTION IN THE ALIMENTARY TRACT
Authors: V. Coates
Journal: BMJ (1923)

ANAEMMAr EDICA JOWA 677 all adopt this method and see the result on all hands?Is the gravity of the disease and the saving of life not sufficient to warrant-its trial ?I thiuk it is.Dr. Wynn of Birmingham says:"I know nothing in the whole range of medical treatment so dramatic as the rapid defervescence wnich follows the injection of a suitable dose of vaccine to a patient sufferind from pneumonia or influenzal pneumonia within twenty-four hours of its onset.The vaccine I have used is made from primary cultures or at most flrst subcultures.It should not be detoxicated or sensitized.For acute pneumonia it contains several strains of pneumococci.The important points are that it should be given early and in sufficient amount."He gives 100 million pneumococci to an adult; to a child aged 12 to 14 he gives 40 to 50 million, and to a clhild aged 2 to 3 years 10 to 20 million.These doses have been arrived at after many years of experience.When such a dose is used during the first day of the disease, in the majority of cases the temperature falls to normal on the day following and no further treatment is required.By -each day's delay de- fervescence is less likely, and the doge has to be repeated every twenty-four hours until the temperature is normal.His results`show: Temp.Normal in -Day No. of Recoveries.Deaths. 24hours. 48hours.Per cent.
Management of Asthma by Patients and Families
Authors: Noreen M. Clark, Norma J. Starr-Schneidkraut
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

This paper focuses on assessment of asthma-management outcomes resulting from interventions for patients. Noted is the need to design both programs and evaluations that reflect a theoretical understanding of behavior change. For purposes of illustration, the theoretical construct of self-regulation is used. It is posited that individuals are predisposed to take action to handle asthma problems by virtue of internal (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs) and external (models of behavior, technical advice and service, money, etc.) factors. Through processes of self-regulation--that is, the ability to observe, make judgments, and react to one's own behavior--individuals learn which management strategies (prevention, symptom management, negotiation, and communication) work for them. If these management strategies are effective, one would expect certain outcomes: the patient's personal goal will be reached; physiologic and psychological health status will be maintained or improved; and health care use will be appropriate. A range of good studies of patient behavior related to asthma management and of interventions to enhance behavior are available, and provide some evidence that these outcomes can be attained. A solid foundation for the development of more sophisticated and refined self-management assessment measures is available. Objective measures have been used to verify behavior in two or three research projects. Although objective measures are costly and can be cumbersome to administer, more effort to develop and use such measures is needed. Testing of the reliability and validity of existing patient-management measures has been perfunctory, and greater attention, especially to the validity of measures, is needed. Six recommendations for better measurement are made.
Congress criticises drugs industry for misleading advertising
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Some companies have disseminated misleading advertisements for prescription drugs, even after being cited for violations, a report issued by the US Congress says.

Congressional investigators, from the independent General Accounting Office, also said that drug advertising seemed to produce a major increase in the use of prescription drugs. The study estimated that at least 8.5 million Americans each year request and receive …
Differentiation of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T cells in healthy and immunosuppressed virus carriers
Authors: Laila E. Gamadia, Rob J. Rentenaar, Paul A. Baars, Ester B. M. Remmerswaal, Sugianto Surachno, Jan F. L. Weel, Mireille Toebes, Ton N. M. Schumacher, Ineke J. M. ten Berge, René A. W. van Lier
Journal: Blood (2001)
Peripheral glucose homeostasis: does brain insulin matter?
Authors: Barry E. Levin, Robert S. Sherwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Much controversy surrounds the relative role of insulin signaling in the brain in the control of hepatic glucose metabolism. In this issue of the JCI, Ramnanan and colleagues demonstrate that arterial infusion of insulin into the brains of dogs reduces net hepatic glucose output without altering endogenous glucose production. However, this effect was modest and required both prolonged fasting and prolonged exposure of the brain to insulin, raising doubts about the overall physiological relevance of insulin action in the brain on hepatic glucose metabolism. Given the dominant direct role that insulin plays in inhibiting glucose production in the liver, we suggest that the main effect of central insulin on hepatic glucose metabolism may be more chronic and assume greater significance either when portal insulin is deficient, as occurs during exogenous insulin treatment of type 1 diabetes, or when chronic hyperinsulinemia and central insulin resistance develops, as occurs in type 2 diabetes.
National Morbidity Data Have Their Beginnings in Offices of Private Practice Physicians
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

PHYSICIANS become the eyes and ears of the Public Health Service when they report infectious diseases to their state or local health departments. Accurate and timely reporting by physicians in private practice often can mean the difference between a local outbreak and an epidemic, public health officials say. Physicians' fidelity in reporting ranges from "abominable" to exemplary, depending on the disease, CDC epidemiologists say. Although most surveillance programs don't need complete reporting to be useful, underreporting does impair the CDC's ability to monitor short- and long-term trends, alert health care professionals to important changes in these trends, and estimate the magnitude of morbidity and mortality. Emphasizes Steven Teutsch, MD, director of the CDC's Division of Surveillance and Epidemiology: "We are absolutely dependent. Without reports, our hands are tied because we don't know what's going on out there." <h3>States Have Own Preferences</h3> Today, all states and territories participate in a morbidity
Time course of the protective effect of inhaled heparin on exercise-induced asthma.
Authors: J Garrigo, I Danta, T Ahmed
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We have previously shown that heparin attenuates allergic bronchoconstriction in sheep, inhibits anti-IgE mediated histamine release in isolated mast cells, and prevents the bronchoconstrictor response in subjects with exercise-induced asthma (EIA). The purpose of the present study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of anti-asthmatic activity of inhaled heparin in EIA and compare it with cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizing agent with established efficacy in EIA. Nine subjects with a history of EIA were studied on 10 different experiment days. After obtaining baseline pulmonary functions on day 1, subjects performed a standardized exercise challenge to document the presence of EIA. While monitoring minute ventilation and heart rate, exercise challenge was performed on a treadmill with increasing workload, until 85% of predicted maximum heart rate was achieved. The subjects then continued the exercise at that workload for 10 min. EIA was assessed by measurements of specific airway conductance (SGaw) before and after exercise. On experiment days 2-10, the exercise challenge was performed after the subjects inhaled 4 ml of either heparin (20,000 u/ml), cromolyn (20 mg), or placebo solutions with increasing pretreatment intervals of 15 min, 1 h, 3 h, or 6 h in a single-blind, randomized fashion. Maximum decreases in SGaw (mean +/- SE) at 3 to 5 min after exercise on control (39 +/- 2.1%) and placebo (37 +/- 2.6%) days were reproducible. Heparin and cromolyn had no effect on baseline SGaw but attenuated the EIA in a time-dependent fashion. Heparin inhibited the bronchoconstrictor responses to exercise by 58%, 78%, and 67% (p < 0.05) when nebulized 15 min, 1 h and 3 h, respectively, before exercise; cromolyn attenuated the responses by 37%, 46%, and 41%, respectively, (p < 0.05). Although heparin offered greater protection than cromolyn (at 1 to 3 h), both agents were ineffective when administered 6 h before exercise. These data demonstrate that inhaled heparin prevents EIA for up to 3 h and is more effective than cromolyn.
Drawing the Line: Life, Death, and Ethical Choices in an American Hospital
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Nine years ago Samuel Gorovitz, who is a professor of philosophy and dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Syracuse University, wrote a book entitledDoctors' Dilemmas: Moral Conflict in Medical Care. That book received critical and near-universal acclaim, including mine, for its keen and well-written approach  scientific and philosophical issues that challenge anyone interested in modern medical practice. There are plenty of medical-ethical works of interest around now, butDoctors' Dilemmasremains as timely as when it was written.  Gorovitz, a few years later, entered upon a seven-week stay at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston as resident scholar. His assignment was  deliver a series of weekly seminars for the hospital staff. Other than that, he had little formal responsibility, and he took the opportunity to learn as much as I could about life on the front lines of contemporary hospital care. The book at hand,
DANGERS ATTENDANT ON ATTEMPTS AT GAINING THE INTERVAL IN OPERATIONS FOR APPENDICITIS.
Authors: RICHARD H. GIBBONS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

It is strange that medical men in general and anatomists and physiologists in particular claim that the appendix vermiformis has no function, that it is a useless appendage, playing the part of catching any old thing, or furnishing the surgeon opportunity to rake in illgotten gain. Ridiculous as it is to compare inanimate things to parts of the human body, it may be well to do so here, in order to state that at such a right-angled junction as is formed by the ileocecal connection, an oil cup would be furnished in mechanics, while in hydraulics, as in a sewerage system, for instance, a manhole would be placed. This appendage apparently has secretory functions by which, it is fair to assume, the natural tendency to pastiness of the residue of digestion, after it comes to the cecum, is so modified that it is rendered less
REMARKS RELATIVE TO THE UNITED STATES MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE.
Authors: WALTER WYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I had hoped that I could prepare a paper in response to the invitation of the Chairman, but was uncertain whether I could attend this meeting, and was too hurried to prepare a formal essay. However, the day before I left Washington I received from the Public Printer the Annual Report of the Marine-Hospital Service, 1895, which had been in his hands four or five months, and as the material therein is new, I thought it might be of interest to bring it with me, and explain to this Section that portion of the report which relates to the public health service.  If you will turn to page 249 you will see a resume of the operations of the service in the interest of public health during the last year. Referring to the preceding portion of the report I may say it deals directly with the operations of the Marine-Hospital
Women in Medicine
Authors: John Z. Bowers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE United States has one of the lowest percentages of women entering medicine of any of the countries on which data were collected in a recent survey. There is a world-wide increase in the number of women preparing for medical careers, and although the figure in the United States has increased from 5.3 to 9.1 per cent since 1950, this is still far below that for a majority of the countries of western Europe and Asia. There is an urgent need for more physicians in the United States, and there is considerable national interest today in expanding career opportunities for . . .
Photosensitivity associated with the Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
Authors: None Charman, None Ryan, None Tyrrell, None Pearse, None Arlett, None Kurwa, None Shortland, None Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A case of severe photosensitivity in a girl with the Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome is reported. Children with this recessively inherited metabolic disorder of cholesterol metabolism present with a variety of congenital abnormalities of the nervous system and internal organs in association with varying degrees of mental retardation. Photosensitivity is a feature which has previously only briefly been mentioned in the literature in association with this syndrome. However, more recently, it has become apparent that photosensitivity is not uncommon among children with the Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, although the nature of the photosensitivity in these patients has remained undefined. Our patient has suffered from sunlight intolerance since early infancy, with redness and pruritus of sun-exposed skin developing within minutes of sun exposure. Monochromator ultraviolet (UV) radiation and visible light testing revealed an immediate and persistent reaction to low-dose UVA at 350 nm, and an abnormal erythemal response to visible light at 400 nm.
Treatment of Bismuth Stomatitis with BAL
Authors: A. A. M. Reekie
Journal: BMJ (1949)

COMMENTTracheotomy in this case of severe mononucleosis was undoubtedly a life-saving measure, and the change in the condition of the patient after operation was remarkable.The administration of intravenous arsenicals was of no avail in reducing the faucial oedema.A further interesting feature of the case was the occur- rence of mild meningo-encephalitis during convalescence.Cerebrospinal manifestations of glandular fever are more widely recognized since Epstein and Dameshek (1931) first drew attention to them, and Landes et al. (1941) reported such a case in which the general behaviour was very similar to that of the patient described here.
Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: SONG-LIH HUANG, CHERN-HUEY SU, SHI-CHUAN CHANG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Airway inflammation is an important pathologic feature in chronic bronchitis, and we hypothesized that individuals with greater inflammatory responses may be more likely to acquire the disease. A polymorphism at -308 position of the tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) gene has been described, with the rarer allele, TNF2, demonstrated to have higher inducibility in vitro. We investigated the distribution of this polymorphism in a case-control study. The genotype was determined in 42 male patients with chronic bronchitis, 42 sex-, age-, and smoking index–matched control subjects, and 99 random-sampled schoolchildren. We report here that the TNF2 allele is overrepresented in the patient group. The allele frequency of TNF2 is 5.1% in the schoolchildren, 2.4% in the control group, and 19% in the bronchitis group (p < 0.01). Carriage of the TNF2 allele confers a higher risk to the development of chronic bronchitis (odds ratio = 11.1, 95% CI = 2.89–42.57). The results demonstrate the important pathologic role of TNF- α in chronic bronchitis and suggest that greater inflammatory response may predispose an individual to this disease.
Abstract 5677: A comparative study of the interaction of the maytansinoid, DM1-Me, vinblastine, and taxol with human cells
Authors: Charlene Audette, Yelena Kovtun, Victor S. Goldmacher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The current interest in antimitotic compounds that interact with microtubules is caused, in part, by their clinical importance in oncology. Several microtubule-binding compounds, including Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, maytansinoids, and auristatins, are in clinical use, some additionally being evaluated as antibody conjugates. To better understand the factors that determine the potency of antibody-maytansinoid conjugates in killing cells, we examined the interaction of the maytansinoid, DM1-Me, with MCF7 cells, in comparison with vinblastine and taxol. DM1-Me was more potent in arresting mitosis than vinblastine or taxol (5- and 13-fold, respectively). We compared the levels of accumulation of these three compounds by MCF7 cells following a 24 hour exposure at the mitotic IC50 concentration and found that, at this concentration, cells accumulated comparable amounts of vinblastine and DM1-Me, but required more than a 10-fold greater concentration of taxol to achieve a similar effect. Additionally, cells exposed to each compound for 2 hours prior to being washed into drug free medium, retained most of the accumulated DM1-Me or taxol for at least 24 h, while most vinblastine was released into the medium within the first 2 h. DM1-Me and taxol had similar affinities for MCF7 cells, while that of vinblastine was 4-6-fold lower. These properties of DM1-Me, vinblastine and taxol suggest that maytansinoids are a better choice for antibody conjugates than vinblastine or taxol, a conclusion which is consistent with the experimental data and clinical experience with antibody conjugates made with compounds of these three classes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5677. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5677
Caution over use of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: H. Van Brabandt, M. Neyt, C. Devos
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Catheter ablation is an increasingly used treatment for atrial fibrillation but <b>Hans Van Brabandt</b>,<b> Mattias Neyt</b>, and<b> Carl Devos</b> argue that enthusiasm for the procedure is not justified by the evidence on efficacy and cost effectiveness and its use should be strictly limited
Lymphoscintigraphic Demonstration of Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Authors: J P SOUCY, M C EYBALIN, R TAILLEFER, A LEVASSEUR, G JOBIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

The diagnosis of unilateral renal vein thrombosis was established in a 50-year-old woman. A functional evaluation, by means of Tc-99m DTPA, was performed almost immediately, and at intervals up to nearly eight months later. Functional return of the involved kidney could be documented by plotting the ratio of affected kidney/total kidney activity. Conservative therapy was accompanied by a return of function of the kidney to 45% of total renal activity.
Is all affiliation the same? Facilitation or complementarity?
Authors: Daniel S. Levine
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

the authors regard opiates as the primary neural substrate for social attachment, and peptide hormones as subsidiary. one may instead conclude from their evidence that oxytocin, vasopressin, and opiates play complementary roles in attachment. oxytocin and vasopressin relate to different aspects of emotional experience, and opiates to quiescence from long-term attachment. this is related to intimacy versus affiliation.