tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DRUG-ELUTING STENT USE CONTINUES TO DECLINE, ESPECIALLY IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, DESPITE RESOLUTION OF THE CONTROVERSY OVER LATE THROMBOSIS
Authors: Leo Marcoff, Claudine T. Jurkovitz, Daniel Murphy, Paul Kolm, James R. Bowen, William S. Weintraub, Ehsanur Rahman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Urea Therapy for Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion From Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Guy Decaux
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE SYNDROME of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) can occur in various CNS disorders.<sup>1</sup>Generally, the syndrome disappears when the underlying cause is treated, but treatment can be long or sometimes fails. Symptomatic treatment is necessary for rapid correction of hyponatremia when neurological manifestations are present. The treatment usually recommended is hypertonic saline with or without furosemide.<sup>2</sup>For long-term management of SIADH, water restriction or demeclocycline is used.<sup>3</sup>As urea is known to decrease brain edema<sup>4</sup>and to induce osmotic diuresis,<sup>5</sup>a patient with SIADH secondary to tuberculous meningitis was treated with this drug. Administration of urea rapidly corrected the neurological symptoms and hyponatremia and also proved useful for the long-term management of SIADH despite large fluid intake. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 52-year-old man was admitted because of headache. Meningeal signs were present. The computerized tomographic brain scan, funduscopic findings, and chest roentgenogram
A Comparison of Phase II Study Strategies
Authors: Sally Hunsberger, Yingdong Zhao, Richard Simon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The traditional oncology drug development paradigm of single arm phase II studies followed by a randomized phase III study has limitations for modern oncology drug development. Interpretation of single arm phase II study results is difficult when a new drug is used in combination with other agents or when progression-free survival is used as the endpoint rather than tumor shrinkage. Randomized phase II studies are more informative for these objectives but increase both the number of patients and time required to determine the value of a new experimental agent. In this article, we compare different phase II study strategies to determine the most efficient drug development path in terms of number of patients and length of time to conclusion of drug efficacy on overall survival. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):5950–5)
Eight days by foot to deliver healthcare to the world's most underserved communities
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2012)

One of the key hurdles to achieving the millennium development goals is the need to provide healthcare to those hardest to reach populations who have traditionally been unable to access even basic services.

South Sudan, the world’s newest country, also has some of the world’s worst socioeconomic indicators because decades of war and lack of development have left most of the population without access to education or healthcare, and consequently with the world’s highest rates of maternal and infant mortality and lowest levels of female literacy.

In a country where only one in four people have access to medical facilities, virtually everyone qualifies as “hard to reach” and …
Report highlights shortcomings in private medical schools in India
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A confidential inspection report commissioned by the Maharashtra state government's medical education and drugs department has exposed the poor state of private medical colleges in India's most progressive state.

Most of the 187 medical colleges in the state did not have adequate infrastructure, staff, or facilities—at the same time as charging fees that did not reflect the cost of establishing the colleges or the facilities provided to students, according to the report.

Of the 17 private medical colleges that taught modern medicine, nine were short staffed by between 50% and 63%. “Most of the …
Improvement of Glucose Homeostasis After Exercise Training in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes
Authors: James S Reitman, Barbara Vasquez, Iwar Klimes, Murugasu Nagulesparan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Six obese patients with recent-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetes underwent assessment of glucose tolerance, insulin secretory capacity, and insulin-induced glucose disposal before and after 6–10 wk of intensive aerobic training while maintaining body weight. Fasting plasma glucose declined in every subject (average = −33 mg/dl), and oral glucose tolerance (3 h integrated plasma glucose) improved in five of the six (average = −74 mg × 3 h/dl) after training. Individual improvement in control of plasma glucose was directly proportional to degree of hyperglycemia before training and correlated well with an observed improvement in the early (30-min) plasma insulin response to oral glucose (all six subjects). The response of insulin action to training was highly variable; although the observed increase in average insulin-induced glucose disposal rate (M) during the euglycemic clamp did not reach statistical significance in our small cohort, the relative change in M was directly related to reduction in fasting insulin levels after training. Our results show that regular endurance exercise is effective in improving glucose homeostasis and may serve as an adjunct to other modes of treatment in recent-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals.
Splenic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in a Patient Receiving Intermittently Administered Granulocyte ColonyStimulating Factor
Authors: Patrick P. Litam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

A 22-year-old man received four cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone, and etoposide with intermittent granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) for the treatment of a high-grade, stage I malignant lymphoma involving the axilla. On re-evaluation, the axillary mass had completely disappeared; however, splenomegaly was present and lactate dehydrogenase levels were elevated 3 weeks after his final chemotherapy and G-CSF treatments. Because refractory disease was a concern, splenectomy was done. Spleen sections showed extramedullary hematopoiesis but no lymphomatous involvement. To our knowledge, we report the first case of splenomegaly with extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient receiving intermittent G-CSF therapy. Clinicians should be aware that splenomegaly occurring in this setting does not necessarily indicate refractory lymphoma.
Transcriptional Profiling of Polycythemia Vera Identifies Gene Expression Patterns Both Dependent and Independent from the Action of JAK2V617F
Authors: Windy Berkofsky-Fessler, Monica Buzzai, Marianne K-H. Kim, Steven Fruchtman, Vesna Najfeld, Dong-Joon Min, Fabricio F. Costa, Jared M. Bischof, Marcelo B. Soares, Melanie Jane McConnell, Weijia Zhang, Ross Levine, D. Gary Gilliland, Raffaele Calogero, Jonathan D. Licht
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

To understand the changes in gene expression in polycythemia vera (PV) progenitor cells and their relationship to JAK2V617F.Messenger RNA isolated from CD34(+) cells from nine PV patients and normal controls was profiled using Affymetrix arrays. Gene expression change mediated by JAK2V617F was determined by profiling CD34(+) cells transduced with the kinase and by analysis of leukemia cell lines harboring JAK2V617F, treated with an inhibitor.A PV expression signature was enriched for genes involved in hematopoietic development, inflammatory responses, and cell proliferation. By quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, 23 genes were consistently deregulated in all patient samples. Several of these genes such as WT1 and KLF4 were regulated by JAK2, whereas others such as NFIB and EVI1 seemed to be deregulated in PV by a JAK2-independent mechanism. Using cell line models and comparing gene expression profiles of cell lines and PV CD34(+) PV specimens, we have identified panels of 14 JAK2-dependent genes and 12 JAK2-independent genes. These two 14- and 12-gene sets could separate not only PV from normal CD34(+) specimens, but also other MPN such as essential thrombocytosis and primary myelofibrosis from their normal counterparts.A subset of the aberrant gene expression in PV progenitor cells can be attributed to the action of the mutant kinase, but there remain a significant number of genes characteristic of the disease but deregulated by as yet unknown mechanisms. Genes deregulated in PV as a result of the action of JAK2V617F or independent of the kinase may represent other targets for therapy.
Congenital Mitral Stenosis With or Without Associated Defects : An Evolving Surgical Strategy
Authors: A. Serraf, J. Zoghbi, E. Belli, F. Lacour-Gayet, H. Aznag, L. Houyel, V. Lambert, D. Piot, C. Planche
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Congenital mitral stenosis (CMS) remains a surgical challenge, particularly when it is associated with other heart defects. As in other groups of heart defects, there is a trend toward early single-stage complete repair, but the optimal surgical approach remains unanswered.This study was designed to analyze the evolution of surgical strategies in patients with CMS and associated defects through single-stage and staged repair. Between 1980 and 1999, 72 children were operated on for congenital heart defects, including CMS. Preoperative transmitral gradient was 12.6+/-7 mm Hg. Preoperatively, all the patients were NYHA class III to IV. Thirteen patients had an isolated CMS; in 59, it was associated with other heart defects, mainly ventricular septal defect (n=28) or multilevel left ventricular obstruction (n=41). In this group of patients, 33 had a staged approach, and 26 had a single-stage approach. Early mortality was 12.5% (9 patients). There were no deaths in the isolated CMS and single-stage repair groups. Logistic regression revealed that early mortality was influenced by association with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (P:<0.001) and by use of a staged approach (P:<0.01). There was no late mortality in isolated CMS; there were 2 late deaths in the group of single-stage repair and 6 late deaths in the staged approach group (P:<0.01). Reoperation was required in 24 patients, mainly for residual mitral valve dysfunction or residual left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Including the reoperations, 10 patients received a prosthetic mitral valve. At 15 years after surgery, survival was 69.6+/-7.5%, freedom from reoperation was 70.8+/-6.3%, and freedom from mitral valve replacement was 69+/-6%.Surgery for isolated CMS gives excellent early and long-term results. In patients with associated heart defects, a single-stage operation seems superior to a staged approach. Mitral valve replacement in this category of patients should be reserved as a salvage procedure.
Discovery of a Biomarker and Lead Small Molecules to Target r(GGGGCC)-Associated Defects in c9FTD/ALS
Authors: Zhaoming Su, Yongjie Zhang, Tania F. Gendron, Peter O. Bauer, Jeannie Chew, Wang Yong Yang, Erik Fostvedt, Karen Jansen-West, Veronique V. Belzil, Pamela Desaro, Amelia Johnston, Karen Overstreet, Seok Yoon Oh, Peter K. Todd, James D. Berry, Merit E. Cudkowicz, Bradley F. Boeve, Dennis Dickson, Mary Kay Floeter, Bryan J. Traynor, Claudia Morelli, Antonia Ratti, Vincenzo Silani, Rosa Rademakers, Robert H. Brown, Jeffrey D. Rothstein, Kevin B. Boylan, Leonard Petrucelli, Matthew D. Disney
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Purpura due to Inhaled Quinidine
Authors: Ira L. Salom
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —A 35-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of easy bruising of her arms and legs.  Report of Case.  — Physical examination revealed an otherwise healthy-appearing woman with purpuric patches over her arms, legs, and trunk. Purpura was present over the interior aspects of the limbs, as well as areas more easily subject to trauma. The patient denied any history of significant trauma, use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs, or illegal drugs of any kind. Also, she denied using of alcohol or drink mixers, such as quinine water or bitter lemon, any significant past illnesses, or earlier episodes suggestive of a coagulopathy; she had had one vaginal delivery, a tubal ligation, and a tonsillectomy, all without incident.  The patient worked for a distributor of pharmaceuticals. Her job involved repackaging bulk supplies of tablets into smaller containers. When asked, she replied that she had been working with quinidine
Massive Infiltration of the Skin by HIV-Specific Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Hervé Bachelez, Fabienne Hadida, Guy Gorochov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In his Health Policy Report on managed care and mental health (Jan.11 issue), 1 Iglehart inaccurately characterized my campaign for the presidency of the American Psychiatric Association.It was based on timehonored clinical and scientific values central to ethical medical practice, which place the sanctity of life before the sanctity of the dollar.I insisted that physicians have moral, ethical, and legal responsibilities to advocate, in the political and social spheres, for both the best patient care and excellent systems of care.My opponent, Steven Sharfstein, and I did not differ on these essentials.We differed on how best to advance and maintain health care for the chronically underserved mentally ill of America in the current mean-spirited, bottom-line climate.I challenged the belief that managed care could be changed from within.My view has been vindicated both by Sharfstein, who acknowledges that the market has driven the seriously mentally ill from hospitals to shelters, and by the "good" managed-care companies that are being forced by the "bottom feeders" to cut services to survive in the shark-infested waters of unfettered capitalism.][4] Physicians have a sworn duty to attend to the health care of our citizens.It is paradoxical that those who profess concern about limited fiscal resources are not attacking profiteers leeching a system in which fewer than one in five mentally ill persons receives treatment.It is a national travesty.
INCIDENCE OF RENAL FAILURE REQUIRING HEMODIALYSIS FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER AORITC VALVE IMPLANTATION USING EDWARDS VALVE FOR SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS: A META-ANALYSIS OF TRANSFEMORAL VERSUS TRANSAPICAL APPROACH
Authors: Vatsal Ladia, Hemang Panchal, Vijay Ramu, Rakesh Patel, Timir Paul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
How 9/11 thinking can impair doctors' clinical judgment
Authors: R. Crawshaw
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In preparing an address to the Western Institutional Review Board on the climate of medical morality in the north western United States, an unusual psychological phenomenon surfaced—9/11 thinking. The apparent prevalence of 9/11 thinking and its effect on clinical judgment merits wide consideration.

In preparatory talks with medical colleagues I discovered that American doctors' thinking has changed. Asking, “How do you feel?” usually elicited the answer “Fine.” Only when I repeated the answer back to them—“Fine?”—did speakers pause to think.

Subsequent responses were not what I might have expected. “Now that you ask, I do not feel fine. I feel anxious.” “I am angry and confused.” “I do not know what to feel about this war.” A visiting Canadian doctor said, “There is an elephant in the room and US doctors do not talk about it. If I say anything, I fear being misinterpreted.”

Have current events altered doctors' capacity to reflect? 

As strong emotions surfaced, colleagues were understandably cautious. Only as they …
Demonstration of Bronchobiliary Fistula with Tc-99m Diethyl IDA Cholescintigraphy
Authors: PIER CRISTOFORO GIULIANOTTI, NICOLA MAZZUCA, FRANCO MOSCA, MARIA LUISA CATTANI, GIULIANO MARIANI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

GIULIANOTTI, PIER CRISTOFORO M.D.*; MAZZUCA, NICOLA M.D.†; MOSCA, FRANCO M.D.*; CATTANI, MARIA LUISA M.D.*; MARIANI, GIULIANO M.D.‡ Author Information
Neoplasms of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus: Mucosal and Epithelial
Authors: Larry C. Carry
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This is a single-topic book dealing with malignant disease of the colon, rectum, and anus. The contributors are generally highly respected persons with considerable experience. The book is well written and covers the topic of colorectal and anal cancer very effectively. The data provided and the figures supporting the data are quite appropriate. There is an enormous amount of information available in the text, and it is organized in an appropriate and sequential fashion. A couple of minor faults detract to a minimal degree from the overall quality of the text. For example, indexing seems to be somewhat less than ideal, and when one looks in the index for a discussion of cloacogenic carcinoma, the topic is not mentioned at all. However, a very nice review of the topic is, in fact, included in the chapter on carcinomas of the anus and perianal area. The reader longs for a concise
Serum Lipids and Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations in Chinese NIDDM Patients: Relation to metabolic control
Authors: Chih-Jen Chang, Jau-Tsuen Kao, Ta-Jen Wu, Feng-Hwa Lu, Tong-Yuan Tai
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To compare serum blood lipids and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in Chinese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and nondiabetic control subjects and also to determine the influence of diabetes control on serum Lp(a) concentration in Chinese individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared the serum blood lipids and Lp(a) levels in NIDDM patients (n = 100) and age- and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects (n = 100) who participated in a case-control study. Comparisons of Lp(a) concentrations were made between a normal control group, a group of diabetic patients with HbA1c &amp;lt; 8.0%, and a group of diabetic patients with HbA1c of 8% or higher. RESULTS The diabetic patients had higher total triglyceride, apolipoprotein B (apo B), and apo B-to-apo AI ratios, but lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apo AI concentrations than nondiabetic controls (P &amp;lt; 0.001, P &amp;lt; 0.01, P &amp;lt; 0.001, P &amp;lt; 0.05, and P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). A similar pattern of distribution of Lp(a) levels according to the degree of metabolic control was seen in patients with NIDDM and nondiabetic controls. No correlation was observed between Lp(a) levels and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo AI, apo B, and triglyceride levels in all diabetic patients. No difference in the Lp(a) levels was noted between diabetic patients and nondiabetic subjects, even in poorly controlled diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Lp(a) levels are not elevated in diabetic patients, even in poorly controlled metabolic conditions.
Tyrosine Isomers Mediate the Classical Phenomenon of Concomitant Tumor Resistance
Authors: Raúl A. Ruggiero, Juan Bruzzo, Paula Chiarella, Pedro di Gianni, Martín A. Isturiz, Susana Linskens, Norma Speziale, Roberto P. Meiss, Oscar D. Bustuoabad, Christiane D. Pasqualini
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Concomitant tumor resistance (CR) is a phenomenon originally described in 1906 in which a tumor-bearing host is resistant to the growth of secondary tumor implants and metastasis. Although recent studies have indicated that T-cell–dependent processes mediate CR in hosts bearing immunogenic small tumors, manifestations of CR induced by immunogenic and nonimmunogenic large tumors have been associated with an elusive serum factor. In this study, we identify this serum factor as tyrosine in its meta and ortho isoforms. In three different murine models of cancer that generate CR, both meta-tyrosine and ortho-tyrosine inhibited tumor growth. In addition, we showed that both isoforms of tyrosine blocked metastasis in a fourth model that does not generate CR but is sensitive to CR induced by other tumors. Mechanistic studies showed that the antitumor effects of the tyrosine isoforms were mediated, in part, by early inhibition of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and inactivation of STAT3, potentially driving tumor cells into a state of dormancy. By revealing a molecular basis for the classical phenomenon of CR, our findings may stimulate new generalized approaches to limit the development of metastases that arise after resection of primary tumors, an issue of pivotal importance to oncologists and their patients. Cancer Res; 71(22); 7113–24. ©2011 AACR.
Dynamics of hematopoiesis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): no evidence for intrinsic growth advantage of PNH clones
Authors: DJ Araten, M Bessler, S McKenzie, H Castro-Malaspina, BH Childs, F Boulad, A Karadimitris, R Notaro, L Luzzatto
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Relationship between helminthic infection and IgE response in atopic and nonatopic children in a tropical environment☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Neil R. Lynch, Isabel A. Hagel, Miguel E. Palenque, Maria C. Di Prisco, Jaime E. Escudero, L.Alejandra Corao, J.Alberto Sandia, Lisbeth J. Ferreira, Carlos Botto, Mireya Perez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Serosurveillance of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection among HIV infected patients with pulmonary complaints in Chennai, Southern India
Authors: Esaki Muthu Shankar, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Suniti Solomon, Ravi Lejith, A. Vengatesan, Usha Anand Rao
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Safety of a SQ‐standardised grass allergen tablet for sublingual immunotherapy: a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: J. Kleine‐Tebbe, M. Ribel, D. A. Herold
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Sublingual treatment of grass pollen induced rhinoconjunctivitis might provide easier access to specific immunotherapy (SIT) and minimize the risk of serious adverse events (AEs) compared to subcutaneous SIT. Aim of the study: To identify a safe dose range for once‐daily administration of a grass allergen tablet in participants with grass pollen induced seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. Methods: A randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled Phase I trial was conducted outside the grass pollen season. Seven dosage groups [25 000, 75 000, 150 000, 300 000, 500 000, 750 000, or 1 000 000 standardized quality tablet (SQ‐T)], consisting of 12 participants randomized either to active treatment or placebo (3 : 1) daily for 28 days, commenced treatment in a staggered manner at intervals of approximately 1 week to allow for intermittent safety reviews. Results: The grass allergen tablet did not cause any serious, systemic or significant (leading to withdrawal) AEs. The overall incidence of AEs was 74% (1013 events); all of mild or moderate intensity and most considered treatment‐related. The most frequently reported treatment‐related AEs, including irritation of the throat, and itching sensations in the mouth and ears, increased with dose. These were primarily mild in intensity, started shortly after medication intake and lasted for minutes to a few hours maximum. Objective oral findings were also dose‐dependent. No clinically significant observations were found in safety laboratory, vital signs and 12‐lead ECG. Conclusions: A sublingual grass allergen tablet in doses up to 1 000 000 SQ‐T daily caused no serious or systemic AEs displaying a safety profile that allows further investigation as once‐daily self‐medication.