tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Central Nervous System and Behavior, Transactions of the First Conference, Feb. 23, 24, 25 &amp;amp; 26, 1958
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The ideas Americans have of Russian medicine are likely to be pretty sketchy. One of the very remarkable features of this fascinating Conference on<i>The Central Nervous System and Behavior</i>is a pictorial review of great Russian physicians and scientists coupled with a series of biographical essays on such distinguished Russian investigators as Pavlov, Bechterev, Sechenov, Wedensky, Danilevsky, and Ukhtomsky. Additional papers and discussion deal with their major contributions to Russian medicine and Russian neurology. The very considerable contribution which Horsley Gantt has made in his translations and popularizations of Pavlov and his works stands out among the many fine discussions in this extremely interesting volume. Pavlov's studies of conditioned reflexes, most of which came after his work on gastric physiology for which he was given the Nobel Prize, have had a profound influence in Russia where the environmentalists are in the ascendant. The most extreme of them believe hopefully
Environmental Health Disparities: A Framework Integrating Psychosocial and Environmental Concepts
Authors: Gilbert C. Gee, Devon C. Payne-Sturges
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Although it is often acknowledged that social and environmental factors interact to produce racial and ethnic environmental health disparities, it is still unclear how this occurs. Despite continued controversy, the environmental justice movement has provided some insight by suggesting that disadvantaged communities face greater likelihood of exposure to ambient hazards. The exposure-disease paradigm has long suggested that differential "vulnerability" may modify the effects of toxicants on biological systems. However, relatively little work has been done to specify whether racial and ethnic minorities may have greater vulnerability than do majority populations and, further, what these vulnerabilities may be. We suggest that psychosocial stress may be the vulnerability factor that links social conditions with environmental hazards. Psychosocial stress can lead to acute and chronic changes in the functioning of body systems (e.g., immune) and also lead directly to illness. In this article we present a multidisciplinary framework integrating these ideas. We also argue that residential segregation leads to differential experiences of community stress, exposure to pollutants, and access to community resources. When not counterbalanced by resources, stressors may lead to heightened vulnerability to environmental hazards.
Immunoglobulin containing cells in terminal ileum and colorectum of patients with arthritis related gut inflammation.
Authors: C Cuvelier, H Mielants, M De Vos, E Veys, H Roels
Journal: Gut (1988)

In 40 distal ileal and 40 colonic biopsies of arthritic patients mostly without gastrointestinal symptoms, but with histological evidence of acute or chronic inflammation of the gut, the number of immunoglobulin (Ig) containing plasma cells was studied morphometrically using a peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. Compared with controls, the ileal mucosal biopsies showed an increase of IgA and IgG in acute ileitis. In chronic ileitis there was an increase of IgA, IgG, and IgM similar to Crohn9s disease. In colonic biopsies there was a significant increase of all immunoglobulin classes in acute inflammation. In chronic inflamed mucosa there was also an increase of all three Ig classes. The Ig distribution, however, was significantly different in acute and chronic colitis. These findings give immunohistochemical evidence of the existence of two different types of inflammation related to reactive arthritis or the peripheral joint involvement of ankylosing spondylitis. The Ig pattern in acute colitis is similar to that found in infectious colitis, suggesting an enterobacterial origin of the arthritis in this group of patients although bacteriological and serological investigations were negative. In the chronic type of arthritis related ileocolitis, the pattern of Ig containing cells is similar to that found in Crohn9s disease but different from infectious and ulcerative colitis, which makes the hypothesis that a great number of these arthritis patients suffer from asymptomatic or subclinical Crohn9s disease acceptable.
Patients with breast cancer can stop tamoxifen after five years
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Women who have had breast cancer gain no benefit from taking tamoxifen for longer than five years, a new study has found.

The researchers randomly assigned 1172 women who had already taken tamoxifen for five years to continue taking either the drug or a placebo. For seven years after randomisation, a slight advantage was observed in women who discontinued tamoxifen compared with those who continued to receive it (disease-free survival 82% v 78%; P=0.03, …
Clinical Utility of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Staging of Patients with Potentially Resectable Esophageal Cancer
Authors: John J. You, Rebecca K.S. Wong, Gail Darling, Karen Gulenchyn, Jean-Luc Urbain, William K. Evans
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Instant blood glucose in general practice.
Authors: C Walker
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Pertussis immunisation in children admitted to hospital with serious neurological illness and in matched case controls from community lists Immunised more Immunised less than seven days Total immunised Total than seven days but less than less than 28 before date of 28 days before days before admission date of admission date of admission No of children with serious neurological illness ad- mitted to hospital (%) . . 993 (100%) 26 (2 6%) 32 (3-2%) 58 (580°,,) No of matched case controls from community lists (% ) 1976 (100%) 30 (1-5%) 86 (44%) 116 (5 9%)
Coexistent Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Tophaceous Gout
Authors: Duncan S. Owen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and gout is demonstrated by the presence of a classic rheumatoid nodule and sodium urate crystals in the same person. The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is further substantiated by the presence of a chronic symmetrical polyarthritis and high titers of rheumatoid factor. The diagnosis of gout is further substantiated by the fact that the serum uric acid levels are consistently elevated, by the presence of tophi which contain sodium urate crystals, and by an increased urine excretion of uric acid. Roentgenographic studies of the hands and feet show changes compatible with both diseases.
Immune Sources of Transforming Growth Factor-β<sub>1</sub>Reduce Transplant Arteriosclerosis
Authors: Jörg Koglin, Troels Glysing-Jensen, Anne Räisänen-Sokolowski, Mary E. Russell
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Activated CD4-positive T cells are essential in the early stages of arteriosclerotic lesion development after cardiac transplantation. Besides its parenchymal effects, transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1 ) mediates immunosuppressive effects on proliferation and activation of CD4 cells. This study was designed to assess immune contributions of TGF-β 1 to arteriosclerosis by comparing the effect of TGF-β 1 –deficient and –competent infiltrating inflammatory cells on the development of intimal thickening in a heterotopic mouse transplant model (CBA to C57B6). Transplant arteriosclerosis was evaluated in cardiac grafts placed into knockout recipients heterozygous for TGF-β 1 (n=7) and was compared with those placed into wild-type recipients (n=11). At 55 days, allografts in TGF-β 1 –deficient recipients had increased concentric intimal thickening. Computer-assisted analysis of all elastin-positive vessels (n=173) showed significantly increased luminal occlusion (67.8±5.6%) in grafts from TGF-β 1 –deficient recipients compared with wild-type recipients (47.4±4.1%, P =0.003). To determine whether TGF-β 1 deficiency altered CD4 activation patterns, we studied intragraft cytokine expression. Using 32 P-reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays, we show that TGF-β 1 –deficient recipients had an increased expression of the transcription factor STAT 4, interferon gamma, and interleukin-2 (Th1-type response) and unaltered or reduced expression of the transcription factor STAT 6, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 (Th2-type response). Hence, when present, immune sources of TGF-β 1 attenuate transplant arteriosclerosis. This effect is associated with attenuation of Th1 forces.
Contributions of de novo synthesis of fatty acids to total VLDL-triglyceride secretion during prolonged hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia in normal man.
Authors: A Aarsland, D Chinkes, R R Wolfe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Triglycerides (TG) are synthesized in the liver principally from two sources of fatty acids (FA): FA synthesized de novo in the liver and preformed FA. We have measured the rate of secretion of de novo synthesized FA and total secretion of FA bound to VLDL-TG in healthy men (n = 5) in the basal state, and after 1 (day 1) and 4 d (day 4) of a hypercaloric carbohydrate diet (approximately 2.5 times energy expenditure) that generated a moderate endogenous hyperinsulinemia (plasma insulin approximately 60 microU/ml). Prolonged carbohydrate hyperalimentation/hyperinsulinemia increased plasma VLDL-TG approximately 10-fold in part due to a 3.4-fold increase in total VLDL-TG secretion rate (basal state = 72+/-23, day 4 = 242+/-78 micromol TG/kg/d). Although the secretion of de novo synthesized FA increased throughout the study (basal state = 1.1+/-0.4, day 1 = 15.9+/-7.9, day 4 = 50.0+/-18.8 micromol TG/ kg/d), the 2.7-fold increase in secretion rate of preformed FA (basal state = 70+/-23, day 4 = 191+/-57 micromol TG/kg/d) quantitatively contributed the most to total VLDL-TG secretion rate. Decreased catabolism of VLDL-TG also contributed to the hypertriglyceridemia as reflected by an approximately fourfold decrease in both fractional turnover rate (basal state = 9.2+/-3.8, day 1 = 2.1+/-0.2, day 4 = 2.1+/-0.3 pools/d) and rate of clearance (basal state = 0.35+/-0.08, day 1 = 0.11+/-0.01, day 4 = 0.09+/-0.01 liter/kg/d) of VLDL-TG. Thus, the primary difference between 1 and 4 d of hyperinsulinemia in conjunction with carbohydrate hyperalimentation is the increase in hepatic secretion of preformed FA into VLDL-TG.
The Inflammatory Preatherosclerotic Remodeling Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia Is Attenuated by RANTES/CCL5 Inhibition
Authors: Claire Arnaud, Pauline C. Beguin, Sylvie Lantuejoul, Jean-Louis Pepin, Christiane Guillermet, Graziano Pelli, Fabienne Burger, Vanessa Buatois, Christophe Ribuot, Jean-Philippe Baguet, François Mach, Patrick Levy, Maurice Dematteis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<MethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Metallic Foreign Bodies, A Method for Removal
Authors: V. A. Silberman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A common visitor to the emergency room is the patient with a pin, needle, or other metallic foreign body embedded in his hand or foot. When the injury is fresh, a wound of entry is apparent and the extraction of the foreign body can be accomplished without too much difficulty. However, when the puncture wound has healed or the foreign body is deeply situated, a more complex situation exists. Under no circumstances should the removal be attempted in the emergency room, where the doctor is literally searching for a needle in a haystack. Hampered by inadequate instruments, poor lighting, and a small incision obscured with blood, the possibility of damaging a neurovascular bundle, tendon, or synovial membrane increases. A technique which has evolved from our experience in the management of foreign bodies in feet and hands includes the following rules: (1) schedule the procedure in the operating
Effects of Isoproterenol on Carbohydrate Metabolism of Isolated Canine Heart
Authors: LOREN C. WINTERSCHEID, ROBERT A. BRUCE, JACK B. BLUMBERG, K. ALVIN MERENDINO
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Chronotropic and inotropic effects of intraarterial infusion of isoproterenol were monitored in the isolated, metabolically supported preparations of the canine heart. The time-dosage relationship was found to be hyperbolic over a narrow range of concentration of isoproterenol. Increasing concentration beyond the optimal range by a factor of about two produced arrhythmias and A-V conduction defects. Oxidative metabolism increased significantly and proportionally to heart rate. Since utilization of glucose remained the same, pyruvate utilization increased slightly and lactate was excreted; the augmented oxidative metabolism could not be accounted for by the observed changes in carbohydrate substrates. Myocardial glycogen concentrations were insignificantly changed during this inotropic stimulation.
Reasons for Cardiac Catheterization before Cardiac-Valve Replacement
Authors: William C. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IN a recent article in the Journal, St. John Sutton and his associates1 described a study conducted in the Brompton Hospital, London, to determine the usefulness of routine cardiac catheterization before operative replacement of one or both left-sided cardiac valves. Of243 patients analyzed, 184 (76 per cent) had cardiac catheterization and 59 (24 per cent) did not. The operative and two-year mortality and the relief of symptoms were similar in the patients who did and did not have preoperative cardiac catheterization, and no uncorrected valvular lesions became apparent in the two-year follow-up period in the uncatheterized patients. Thus, the . . .
Effect of positive inotropic agents on the relation between oxygen consumption and systolic pressure volume area in canine left ventricle.
Authors: H Suga, R Hisano, Y Goto, O Yamada, Y Igarashi
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

We analyzed the effect of positive inotropic agents on the relation between left ventricular oxygen consumption and the systolic pressure-volume area. Pressure-volume area is a measure of total mechanical energy for ventricular contraction, and is a specific area in the ventricular pressure-volume diagram circumscribed by the end-systolic and end-diastolic pressure-volume relation curves and the systolic segment of the pressure-volume trajectory. Either epinephrine (1 microgram/kg per min, iv) or calcium ion (0.03 mEq/kg per min, iv) was administered to canine excised cross-circulated hearts. These agents increased an index of ventricular contractility, Emax, or the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume line, by 70%. The regression lines of ventricular oxygen consumption on pressure-volume area in control and in enhanced contractile states were of the same formula: ventricular oxygen consumption (ml O2/beat per 100 g) equals A times pressure-volume area (mm Hg ml/beat per 100 g) plus a constant B. Coefficient A remained unchanged at 1.8 X 10(-5) ml oxygen/(mm Hg ml), but constant B increased from 0.03 ml oxygen/beat per 100 g by more than 50% with either agent. The reciprocal of A reflects the energy conversion efficiency for the total mechanical energy, and this efficiency remained near 36%. The increase in B was equal to the directly measured increment in ventricular oxygen consumption for mechanically unloaded contraction. The basal metabolism remained unchanged. We conclude that the augmented oxygen consumption under the acutely enhanced contractile state with either epinephrine or calcium was caused primarily by an increased energy utilization associated with the excitation-contraction coupling.
Erratum: CORRIGENDUM: Direct evidence that the VEGF-specific antibody bevacizumab has antivascular effects in human rectal cancer
Authors: Christopher G Willett, Yves Boucher, Emmanuelle di Tomaso, Dan G Duda, Lance L Munn, Ricky T Tong, Daniel C Chung, Dushyant V Sahani, Sanjeeva P Kalva, Sergey V Kozin, Mari Mino, Kenneth S Cohen, David T Scadden, Alan C Hartford, Alan J Fischman, Jeffrey W Clark, David P Ryan, Andrew X Zhu, Lawrence S Blaszkowsky, Helen X Chen, Paul C Shellito, Gregory Y Lauwers, Rakesh K Jain
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
THE LOSS OF HEMOLYTIC CAPACITY BY A FRACTION OF A CULTURE OF A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS WITHOUT CHANGE IN AGGLUTINATION CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Eugenia Valentine, Charles Krumwiede
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

A culture of hemolytic streptococcus developed a non-hemolytic fraction which as determined by its agglutinogenic, agglutination, and agglutinin absorotion characters was identical with the hemolytic fraction, the only variation being one of function, or physiological action. This functional variation has proved permanent, as long as observed, for both fractions have continued to breed true. This study is offered as additional evidence in favor of the hypothesis that functional changes among bacteria are, at most, only very infrequently associated with changes in the antigenic matrix of bacteria.
Two Cases of Adenocarcinoma of the Lung in Which Thallium-201 Gave a Better Delineation of Metastatic Lesions than Gallium-67
Authors: TAKASHI TOGAWA, NOBUHARU YUI, MASAKI KOAKUTSU, FUJIMI KINOSHITA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The authors report two cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung in which TI-201 gave a better delineation of metasiatic lesions than did Ga-67. In the case of multiple bone metastases, the metastatic lesion of the skull was clearly demonstrated by TI-201 but not by Ga-67. In another case of multiple brain metastases, the lesions were also visualized by TI-201 but not by Ga-67. TI-201 is occasionally superior to Ga-67 for visualizing metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Macrophages, fat, and the emergence of immunometabolism
Authors: Anthony W. Ferrante
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Over the last century, our modern concepts and understanding of metabolism and immunology have evolved largely in parallel. Notably, during the last decade, there has been a sharpened focus on the convergence of metabolism and immune function. In part motivated by studies originally published in the JCI, we now recognize that the immune system monitors the metabolic state of tissues and organisms and responds in kind by modulating metabolic function. The complexity of these interactions, both adaptive and pathologic, continues to be studied and revealed, with the hope that harnessing the reins that control immune function may one day be used for metabolic benefit.
A beta chemokine (MCP-1)-induced antigen-independent cellular and not a humoral immune response can be stimulated after stent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Emanuel V. Economou, Christos Pitsavos, Anastasia Katinioti, Konstantinos Tedolouris, Athanasios Trikas, Marina Toutouza, Christodoulos Stefandis, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Observations ON RATIONAL EMPIRICISM AND SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE: THE BOUNDARIES DIVIDING THEM
Authors: D. Duckworth
Journal: BMJ (1911)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Spontaneous eye blink rate (SBR) has been associated with central dopamine (DA) levels, raising the intriguing possibility that SBR is related to cognitive functions dependent on DA, such as spatial working memory (WM). We tested this hypothesis in two behavioral experiments, examining the relationship between SBR, WM load and individual differences in spatial WM performance in 126 young adults. In Experiment 1, we examined the temporal profile of SBR during a spatial delayed recognition task requiring maintenance of 1, 2, 4, 6 or 7 dot locations. We observed a suppression in SBR during dot- and recognition probe-presentation, and a significant increase in SBR afterwards. High performers showed significantly lower SBR than low performers during the first 500 ms of the delay period. In Experiment 2, we used a similar spatial WM task as Experiment 1 to test whether an instructed voluntary blink during the early delay would directly dampen WM performance. While the temporal dynamics of SBR across task events were comparable to Experiment 1, WM performance was not significantly different between the voluntary blink and no blink conditions. Together, these results suggest that spontaneous but not voluntary eye blinking is closely linked to spatial WM, and that lower SBR during WM encoding and early phase of maintenance is associated with better WM task performance.
HIV associated tuberculosis
Authors: R. Coker, R. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1997)

People who are infected with HIV are at an increased risk of contracting tuberculosis. The WHO estimates that just over 20 million people are currently infected with HIV and of these 6 million are co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Worldwide there has been a resurgence of tuberculosis, mainly in developing countries but also in the United States and Europe. Between 1987 and 1993 tuberculosis rates increased by 35.5% in London (with the increase most notable in inner London) compared with 15% in England and Wales as a whole.1 2 However, it is unclear to what extent the prevalence of HIV associated tuberculosis has increased in the capital, largely because notification of tuberculosis in the HIV infected population is unreliable and probably underestimates the problem.3 Nosocomial spread has occurred in …
Para-Aminobenzenesulfonamide and Its Derivatives in the Treatment of Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus Infections of the Middle Ear and Mastoid
Authors: Carlyle G. Flake, Benjamin W. Carey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1937)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Para-Aminobenzenesulfonamide and Its Derivatives in the Treatment of Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus Infections of the Middle Ear and Mastoid — Report of Six Cases in Children
Age-Dependent Ontogeny of TLR4 Expression on Peripheral Lymphocytes and their Modulation by Interleukin-4
Authors: J. An, A. Banville-Langelier, P.O. Fiset, D. Prefontaine, M.B. Mazer, J. Guay, O. Hajoui, Q. Hamid, B.D. Mazer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)