tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pepsinogen C gene polymorphisms associated with gastric body ulcer.
Authors: T Azuma, N Teramae, T Hayakumo, K Yasuda, M Nakajima, T Kodama, H Inokuchi, K Hayashi, R T Taggart, K Kawai
Journal: Gut (1993)

This study was aimed to investigate the association of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for pepsinogen genes with peptic ulcer disease. Eighty unrelated controls, 61 patients with gastric ulcer, and 57 patients with duodenal ulcer were studied. No genetic polymorphisms for pepsinogen A were detected by EcoRI digestion in Japanese subjects but a 100 base pairs insertion-deletion RFLP for the pepsinogen C gene was observed. The allele frequencies of the large (3.6 kilobase EcoRI fragment) and the small fragment (3.5 kilobase EcoRI fragment) were 80.6% and 19.4% respectively in controls, 55.4% and 44.6% in patients with gastric body ulcer, 79.4% and 20.6% in patients with gastric angular ulcer, 71.4% and 28.6% in patients with gastric antral ulcer, and 75.4% and 24.6% in patients with duodenal ulcer. The allele frequency of the small fragment was significantly higher in patients with gastric body ulcer than in controls and in patients with gastric angular or antral ulcer. The genotypes which possessed the small fragment were significantly more frequent in patients with gastric body ulcer (78.4%) than in controls (33.8%) and in patients with gastric angular or antral ulcer (37.5%). These results suggest that there is a significant association between the genetic polymorphism at the pepsinogen C gene locus and gastric body ulcer, and that the pepsinogen C RFLP is a useful marker of the genetic predisposition to this disorder. These results also indicate genetic heterogeneity of gastric ulcer disease, and suggest that the pepsinogen C RFLP may be a useful subclinical marker to explain the differences in genetic aetiologies of gastric body ulcer and gastric angular or antral ulcer.
Universal Grammar? Or prerequisites for natural language?
Authors: Adele E. Goldberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract This commentary aims to highlight what exactly is controversial about the traditional Universal Grammar (UG) hypothesis and what is not. There is widespread agreement that we are not born “blank slates,” that language universals exist, that grammar exists, and that adults have domain-specific representations of language. The point of contention is whether we should assume that there exist unlearned syntactic universals that are arbitrary and specific to Language.
Transposition of the Great Vessels with Hypoplasia of the Right Ventricle
Authors: THOMAS A. RIEMENSCHNEIDER, WILLIAM R. VINCENT, HERBERT D. RUTTENBERG, DONALD T. DESILETS
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Eight cases are reported in which complete transposition of the great vessels was associated with varying degrees of hypoplasia of the right ventricle. In three, the correct diagnosis was suspected on the basis of certain electrovectorcardiographic findings and confirmed by selective angiography. Quantitative analysis of ventricular volumes and valve circumferences demonstrated that these cases represent a distinct pathological entity. The diagnosis of complete transposition with hypoplastic right ventricle may be suggested by electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, relative absence of right ventricular QRS vectors, and leftward axis for age. The vectorcardiogram reveals a counterclockwise QRS loop in the horizontal plane, situated to the left and posteriorly. These findings occur infrequently in the young infant with complete transposition. The presence of a hypoplastic right ventricle is confirmed by angiography, which demonstrates a small right ventricular chamber located centrally in the cardiac silhouette, not extending beyond the left border of the thoracic spine.
Scientists who do not publish trial results are "unethical"
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Failure to report the results of randomised trials constitutes scientific and ethical misconduct, Dr Iain Chalmers, director of the UK Cochrane Centre, told a press conference in London last week. Dr Chalmers and the editors of the BMJ and the Lancet called for an international register of all clinical trials to be established.

Dr Chalmers said that “prospective registration and public …
PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA IN A CASE OF MULTIPLE PYODERMA
Authors: S. R. Mercer
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia has lately been studied extensively by Winer.<sup>1</sup>. His report covers the literature so completely and reviews the theoretical and practical considerations of this difficult problem so thoroughly that these topics need not be discussed here. The following case is reported because we believe that it illustrates well the practical difficulties intrinsic in the histologic diagnosis of pseudoepithelioma. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A. S., a white man of native Kentucky stock, aged 50, complained of ulcers on the buttocks of about six months' duration. The lesions started as small painful "spots" and gradually enlarged to cover the entire left buttock and the adjacent part of the thigh and the medial half of the right buttock. The history that the patient gave must be accepted with reservations, because he frequently changed his story. He spent the greater part of his life in various institutions of correction. When free, he was
What is more dangerous - football, skiing or snowboarding?
Authors: T Flørenes, J Bjørneboe, T E Andersen, S Heir, R Bahr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background It is well known that professional football has a high injury risk. The FIS Injury Surveillance System increases our knowledge of injuries to elite skiers and snowboarders. But what is more dangerous? Objective To compare the injury risk in World Cup (WC) skiing and snowboarding with Norwegian professional football (Tippeligaen). Design/Setting We conducted season-ending interviews with athletes from selected WC-teams in alpine skiing, freestyle skiing and snowboarding during the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 winter seasons on acute injuries sustained (November through mid-March). Injury information was prospectively collected from medical staff in all Tippeliga-teams (n=16) and extracted from mid-March through July for the 2007 and 2008 seasons to best imitate the skiing/snowboarding season. Injury rate was calculated as number of injuries per 100 athletes per season. Results Among 521 alpine, 416 freestyle and 421 snowboard athletes we registered 155, 115 and 159 time-loss injuries, corresponding to 29.8 (95% CI 25.1 to 34.4), 27.6 (22.6–32.7) and 37.8 (31.9–43.6) injuries per 100 athletes per season. In Tippeligaen, 308 time-loss injuries were recorded among 440 players, corresponding to 70.0 (62.2–77.8) injuries per 100 players (RR: 2.4 (1.9–2.9) vs alpine, 2.5 (2.0–3.2) vs freestyle and 1.9 (1.5–2.2) vs snowboard). The rate of severe injuries (absence &gt;28 days) was 11.3 (8.4–14.2), 13.8 (10.2–17.3), and 14.4 (10.8–18.1) injuries per 100 alpine, snowboard and freestyle athletes per season and 9.3 (6.5–12.2) in football. The rate of severe injuries was higher in freestyle skiing compared to football (RR: 1.5, 1.0–2.3) while no difference was found between football and alpine skiing (RR: 0.8, 0.6–1.2) or snowboarding (RR: 0.7, 0.5–1.0). Conclusion The injury risk among WC skiers and snowboarders is high, but only half of that in elite Norwegian football. However, the risk for severe injuries is the same in alpine skiing and snowboarding as in football, and even higher in freestyle skiing.
Neutrophil Granulocytes Are Required for Effective<i>Bacillus Calmette-Guérin</i>Immunotherapy of Bladder Cancer and Orchestrate Local Immune Responses
Authors: Henrik Suttmann, Josef Riemensberger, Gabriele Bentien, Dominik Schmaltz, Michael Stöckle, Dieter Jocham, Andreas Böhle, Sven Brandau
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

The role of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) in antitumoral immune responses displays a striking dichotomy. Under inflammatory conditions, PMN may promote tumor growth and progression. In contrast, especially in the context of therapeutic interventions, PMN can exert important antitumor functions. However, until now, the mechanisms of PMN-mediated activation of tumor immunity are poorly defined. Based on a murine model of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy of bladder cancer, we provide evidence for a novel immunoregulatory role of this leukocyte subset. PMN immigrate into the bladder after intravesical BCG instillation and depletion of PMN from tumor-bearing mice completely abrogated antitumor efficacy of BCG. PMN stimulated with BCG in vitro as well as PMN isolated from the urine of BCG-treated patients were a major source of the chemokines interleukin-8, growth-related oncogene-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and of the inflammatory cytokine migration inhibitory factor. In vitro, BCG-stimulated PMN indirectly induced T-cell chemotaxis via the accessory function of activated monocytes. In vivo, depletion of PMN from BCG-treated mice significantly impaired CD4(+) T-cell trafficking to the bladder. These data show that PMN direct the migration of effector cells to the bladder and by this means are indispensable for effective tumor immunotherapy. Thus, our findings provide evidence for a novel early immunoregulatory role of these innate immune cells in local antitumor immunity.
Control of growth and squamous differentiation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells by chemical and biological modifiers and transferred genes.
Authors: A M Pfeifer, J F Lechner, T Masui, R R Reddel, G E Mark, C C Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The majority of human lung cancers arise from bronchial epithelial cells. The normal pseudostratified bronchial epithelium is composed of basal, mucous, and ciliated cells. This multi-differentiated epithelium usually responds to xenobiotics and physical injury by undergoing basal cell hyperplasia, mucous cell hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia. One step of the multistage process of carcinogenesis is thought to involve aberrations in control of the squamous metaplastic processes. Decreased responsiveness to regulators of terminal squamous differentiation may confer a selective clonal expansion advantage to an initiated cell. We studied the effects of endogenous [e.g., transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and serum] and exogenous [e.g., 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol-acetate (TPA), tobacco smoke condensate, and aldehydes] modifiers of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell in a serum-free culture system. NHBE cells are growth inhibited by all of these compounds and induced to undergo squamous differentiation by TGF-beta 1 or TPA. In contrast, lung carcinoma cell lines are relatively resistant to inducers of terminal squamous differentiation which may provide them with a selective growth advantage. Chemical agents and activated protooncogenes (ras,raf,myc) altered the response to endogenous and exogenous inducers of squamous differentiation and caused extended cellular lifespan, aneuploidy, and/or tumorigenicity. The data suggest a close relationship between dysregulation of terminal differentiation pathways and neoplastic transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.
A randomized comparison of entrance and exit point from slow zone for radiofrequency catheter abiation of common atrial flutter: Efficacy and recurrences using a large tip electrode catheter
Authors: Fernando E.S. Cruz F., Silvia H. Boghossian, Marcio Fagundes, Jose Carlos Ribeiro, Lutgarde Vanheusden, Teresa Grilio, Ivan G. Maia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Collagen network remodelling and diastolic stiffness of the rat left ventricle with pressure overload hypertrophy
Authors: C. W DOERING, J. E JALIL, J. S JANICKI, R. PICK, S. AGHILI, C. ABRAHAMS, K. T WEBER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

This study had two objectives: (a) to determine the accumulation of collagen and its structural remodelling in the hypertrophied rat left ventricle after 4 and 8 weeks of abdominal aorta banding; and (b) to correlate these findings with the diastolic stress-strain relation of the intact myocardium. In comparison to age and sex matched controls, the collagen volume fraction of the hypertrophied myocardium after 4 and 8 weeks of aortic banding increased significantly from 3.5(SD1.0)% to 7.8(4.2)% and 6.2(2.0)% respectively. This accumulation of collagen, or fibrosis, occurred in the absence of myocyte necrosis. Scanning electron microscopy showed increased density and thickness of the collagen weave and tendons. At 4 weeks, light microscopy showed interstitial oedema and disrupted collagen fibrils. Left ventricular diastolic stress-strain relations of both pressure overload groups were significantly steeper than that of the control group. Thus the response of the interstitium to the hypertrophic process that accompanies abdominal aorta banding is a complex process that includes a structural remodelling of the fibrillar collagen matrix and the early appearance of interstitial oedema, each of which may contribute to a rise in the passive stiffness of the intact myocardium.
Marked 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is associated with poor prognosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Eric Trépo, Romy Ouziel, Pierre Pradat, Yukihide Momozawa, Eric Quertinmont, Christine Gervy, Thierry Gustot, Delphine Degré, Vincent Vercruysse, Pierre Deltenre, Laurine Verset, Beatrice Gulbis, Denis Franchimont, Jacques Devière, Arnaud Lemmers, Christophe Moreno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Psychogenic Illness in Regimental Practice
Authors: W. L. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1942)

BRITISH revealed pain on coughing and turning, spinal flexion limited by pain, and pelvis tilted up on the right side with scoliosis above.Lasegue's sign was present on the right side at 60 degrees, with pain in the right sacro-iliac region, and there was tender- ness over the sacro-iliac joint.Radiographs disclosed no bony change.Treatment: manipulation under anaesthesia, and exercises started at once; two days later freedom from pain with full movement.All the cases were treated similarly, and each patient was returned to duty within 10 days. SummaryAll cases of rheumatism sent up to a military hospital during a year are analysed.A brief account of their treatment and disposal is given.The great majority of soldiers with rheumatic disease can be returned to duty as useful men.
Identification of mutations in the gene for glucose-6-phosphatase, the enzyme deficient in glycogen storage disease type 1a.
Authors: K J Lei, C J Pan, L L Shelly, J L Liu, J Y Chou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1a is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency in microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), the key enzyme in glucose homeostasis. Southern blot hybridization analysis using a panel of human-hamster hybrids showed that human G6Pase is a single-copy gene located on chromosome 17. To correlate specific defects with clinical manifestations of this disorder, we identified mutations in the G6Pase gene of GSD type 1a patients. In the G6Pase gene of a compound heterozygous patient (LLP), two mutations in exon 2 of one allele and exon 5 of the other allele were identified. The exon 2 mutation converts an arginine at codon 83 to a cysteine (R83C). This mutation, previously identified by us in another GSD type 1a patient, was shown to have no detectable phosphohydrolase activity. The exon 5 mutation in the G6Pase gene of LLP converts a glutamine codon at 347 to a stop (Q347SP). This Q347SP mutation was also detected in all exon 5 subclones (five for each patient) of two homozygous patients, KB and CB, siblings of the same parents. The predicted Q347SP mutant G6Pase is a truncated protein of 346 amino acids, 11 amino acids shorter than the wild type G6Pase of 357 residues. Site-directed mutagenesis and transient expression assays demonstrated that G6Pase-Q347SP was devoid of G6Pase activity. G6Pase is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-associated protein containing an ER retention signal, two lysines (KK), located at residues 354 and 355. We showed that the G6Pase-K355SP mutant containing a lysine-355 to stop codon mutation is enzymatically active. Our data demonstrate that the ER protein retention signal in human G6Pase is not essential for activity. However, residues 347-354 may be required for optimal G6Pase catalysis.
Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors: Does p53 Modulate Response?
Authors: Oleksandr Ekshyyan, Arunkumar Anandharaj, Cherie-Ann O. Nathan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas have multiple genetic alterations that can influence clinical response to treatment. It is important to evaluate how distinct alterations affect response to targeted agents to identify a subset of patients who can benefit from therapy, improving survival and decreasing toxicity. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3719–21. ©2013 AACR.
An Argument for Research in the Medical School Curriculum
Authors: Robert N. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Despite the attention given to the need for change in the medical curriculum, one major deficiency remains uncorrected, the lack of training in medical research. The shortage of physicians in this country has pressured medical schools to emphasize the practical rather than the theoretical, and students now devote more time to clinical work than to the study of basic subjects. Many medical students believe that research training will be irrelevant to their future work, but training in research could yield practical rewards for all future physicians. Although medical students are aware of the dramatic break-throughs made in the research laboratory by a few physicians, they are often unaware of the other benefits that all may derive from research experience. Performing research helps one to become a better physician by training the mind to think critically and creatively. Just as the researcher draws conclusions from experimental data, the practicing physician must
Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: P K Singal, N Iliskovic
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) has been used in oncologic practice since the late 1960s. It held promise as a powerful drug in the fight against cancer. The tumors most commonly responding to doxorubicin when it is given as a single agent or in combination with other antitumor agents include breast and esophageal carcinomas; osteosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and soft-tissue sarcomas; and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Other cancers that are less responsive to doxorubicin but that are still treated with the drug because of its overall benefits include gastric, liver, bile-duct, pancreatic, and endometrial carcinomas. However, reports of fatal cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin have . . .
The Effectiveness and Risks of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Su-Hsin Chang, Carolyn R. T. Stoll, Jihyun Song, J. Esteban Varela, Christopher J. Eagon, Graham A. Colditz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

IMPORTANCEThe prevalence of obesity and outcomes of bariatric surgery are well established.However, analyses of the surgery impact have not been updated and comprehensively investigated since 2003.OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery using up-to-date, comprehensive data and appropriate meta-analytic techniques.DATA SOURCES Literature searches of Medline, Embase, Scopus, Current Contents, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.govbetween 2003 and 2012 were performed.STUDY SELECTION Exclusion criteria included publication of abstracts only, case reports, letters, comments, or reviews; animal studies; languages other than English; duplicate studies; no surgical intervention; and no population of interest.Inclusion criteria were a report of surgical procedure performed and at least 1 outcome of interest resulting from the studied surgery was reported: comorbidities, mortality, complications, reoperations, or weight loss.Of the 25 060 initially identified articles, 24 023 studies met the exclusion criteria, and 259 met the inclusion criteria.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A review protocol was followed throughout.Three reviewers independently reviewed studies, abstracted data, and resolved disagreements by consensus.Studies were evaluated for quality.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mortality, complications, reoperations, weight loss, and remission of obesity-related diseases.RESULTS A total of 164 studies were included (37 randomized clinical trials and 127 observational studies).Analyses included 161 756 patients with a mean age of 44.56 years and body mass index of 45.62.We conducted random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analyses and meta-regression.In randomized clinical trials, the mortality rate within 30 days was 0.08% (95% CI, 0.01%-0.24%);the mortality rate after 30 days was 0.31% (95% CI, 0.01%-0.75%).Body mass index loss at 5 years postsurgery was 12 to 17.The complication rate was 17% (95% CI, 11%-23%), and the reoperation rate was 7% (95% CI, 3%-12%).Gastric bypass was more effective in weight loss but associated with more complications.Adjustable gastric banding had lower mortality and complication rates; yet, the reoperation rate was higher and weight loss was less substantial than gastric bypass.Sleeve gastrectomy appeared to be more effective in weight loss than adjustable gastric banding and comparable with gastric bypass.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Bariatric surgery provides substantial and sustained effects on weight loss and ameliorates obesity-attributable comorbidities in the majority of bariatric patients, although risks of complication, reoperation, and death exist.Death rates were lower than those reported in previous meta-analyses.
Cell proliferation and apoptosis in normal liver and preneoplastic foci.
Authors: R Schulte-Hermann, W Bursch, B Kraupp-Grasl, F Oberhammer, A Wagner, R Jirtle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The growth rate of tissues including tumors is determined by the difference between cell replication and cell death. Among different types of cell death, apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is of particular importance. Nongenotoxic carcinogens exert their carcinogenic effects not only via stimulation of cell replication but also by modulating the incidence of apoptosis. This can be seen at different stages of carcinogenesis: a) After initiation in the liver, many initiated cells may undergo apoptosis and never develop into preneoplastic foci, as suggested by both biological and mathematical studies. Thus, apoptosis appears to determine the efficiency of initiation. b) In the promotion stage, early preneoplastic hepatic foci originate either from treatment with a genotoxic carcinogen or spontaneously exhibit much higher rates of cell replication than normal cells, but nevertheless show little preferential growth. This is due to enhanced rates of apoptosis. Some tumor promoters were found to inhibit apoptosis and thereby accelerate foci growth and carcinogenesis. c) In neoplastic nodules and tumors, apoptosis has been shown to be an important growth determinant and to be regulated by growth regulatory hormones, which thereby may decrease or accelerate tumor growth. Studies on the regulation of apoptosis revealed that in the liver, transforming growth factor TGF-beta 1 is involved in the initiation of apoptosis. This was based on three lines of evidence: TGF-beta 1 induced apoptosis in isolated hepatocytes, b) in vivo hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis showed positive immunostaining with antibodies against a precursor of TGF-beta 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transcription factor GATA-1 potently represses the expression of the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 in human T cells and dendritic cells
Authors: Mark S. Sundrud, Scott E. VanCompernolle, Karla A. Eger, Tullia C. Bruno, Arun Subramaniam, Srinivas Mummidi, Sunil K. Ahuja, Derya Unutmaz
Journal: Blood (2005)