tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of nicotinic acid-induced insulin resistance on pancreatic B cell function in normal and streptozocin-treated baboons.
Authors: D K McCulloch, S E Kahn, M W Schwartz, D J Koerker, J P Palmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To study the interaction between insulin secretion and insulin action in maintaining glucose homeostasis, we induced experimental insulin resistance in eight normal baboons, in six baboons treated with 40 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ-40), and in six baboons treated with 200 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ-200). Insulin resistance was induced by a 20-d continuous intravenous infusion of nicotinic acid (NA). Normal animals showed compensatory increases in several measures of insulin secretion (fasting insulin [FI], acute insulin response to arginine [AIRarg], acute insulin response to glucose [AIRgluc], and glucose potentiation slope [delta AIRarg/delta G]), with no net change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAtc). STZ-40 animals showed compensatory increases in FI, AIRarg, and AIRgluc, but delta AIRarg/delta G failed to compensate. Although FPG remained normal in this group during NA infusion, HbA1c rose significantly. STZ-200 animals failed to show compensatory changes in both AIRgluc and delta AIRarg/delta G, with both HbA1c and FPG rising. These animals showed a paradoxical inhibition of insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose during NA infusion, at a time when they were hyperglycemic. These data indicate that a significant degree of insulin resistance does not cause hyperglycemia in the presence of normal B cell function but, in animals with reduced B cell mass and superimposed insulin resistance, the degree of hyperglycemia is proportional to the degree of pancreatic B cell dysfunction.
Autoimmune Studies in Patients with Primary Myocardial Disease
Authors: GERALD F. FLETCHER, M.D., NANETTE K. WENGER
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Heart immunofluorescent autoantibody tests, the complement fixation test for Chagas' disease, the hemagglutination test for toxoplasmosis, and the latex flocculation test for rheumatoid disease were compared in 34 patients with primary myocardial disease and their paired control subjects. There was no difference in the incidence of elevated titers or in the actual titer levels between the group with primary myocardial disease and the control group for any of these tests. This study is limited in that it gives no information about an agent or mechanism for primary myocardial disease which is no longer demonstrable by serological test, particularly since the patients with primary myocardial disease were studied, at an average, 6 years after onset of symptoms. It is also possible that agents or mechanisms other than those included in this study may be causative of primary myocardial disease. We have, however, demonstrated that there is no serological evidence associating the parasites or immunological responses studied with the clinical syndrome of chronic primary myocardial disease.
Preventing Postoperative Pneumonia
Authors: Catherine E. Lewis
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

While pneumonia is a common postoperative complication, there is a paucity of literature on pneumonia prevention outside of the intensive care unit.Wren and colleagues designed and implemented a wardbased pneumonia prevention program at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System in 2007. They previously reported an initial 81% decrease in the incidenceofward-acquiredpneumonia1 andnow report a significant long-term decrease when compared both with preintervention rates and the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP).2 Although encouraging, these findings should be interpreted with caution. The preintervention rate of pneumonia was 0.78% in the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and 2.56% in ACS-NSQIP—a difference of 328% that is already of statistical significance. This remarkably low rateof pneumonia calls into question the adequacyof detection and reportingof pneumonia on their ward and alsomakes their finding of a significant differencebetween theirpostinterventionandACS-NSQIP rate of somewhat less consequence. A second concern is that the authors’ previous article reported that the overall rate of postoperative non– ventilator-associated pneumonia did not change with implementation of their program. Although the number of ward cases decreased from 13 to 3, the number of non– ventilator-associated pneumonia intensive care unit cases increased from 4 to 17, and therefore, the reported decrease could be due to redistribution in the location of patients. A third concern is that the authors did not evaluate changes in patient care or surgical technique that could have altered the incidence of postoperative pneumonia. A systematic review of strategies to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications3 found that choice of neuraxial blockade over general anesthesia led to a significant reduction in the rate of postoperative pneumonia (odds ratio = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.48-0.76), as did selective nasogastric decompression (odds ratio = 0.49; P < .001). Moreover, the authors’ program was implemented and evaluated over a period in which there was an ongoing shift from open to laparoscopic or robotic surgical techniques, which has been shown to significantly decrease the rates of postoperative pneumonia, particularly in colorectal and prostate operations.4,5 Without collecting and analyzing such data, it is impossible to know if any of them contributed to their findings. Despite these concerns, the authors should be commended for the development and implementation of a quality improvementmeasureaimedatdecreasing the rateofpostoperative pneumonia in a Veterans Affairs population. The 8 interventionsused in their programarenot particularly costly or time-consuming and serve to increase awareness and education of all health care professionals caring for postoperative patients.
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: WILLIAM J. RASHKIND, WILLIAM W. MILLER
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A nonsurgical method of creating atrial septal defects using a balloon catheter has been reviewed, and important procedural and technical details have been presented. The results of balloon atrioseptostomy in 31 infants with transposition of the great arteries have been reported and compared with those from the surgical creation of atrial septal defects. All 31 patients survived balloon atrioseptostomy without complications; 26 of them (84%) had effective immediate palliation, and 22 (71%) are long-term survivors. These results demonstrate that effective palliation of transposition of the great arteries, with or without associated ventricular septal defect, can be provided rapidly and safely by balloon atrioseptostomy. All patients with transposition and a large ventricular septal defect should have balloon atrioseptostomy and may also need pulmonary artery banding. For some of these patients banding may be postponed safely for many months, may occur spontaneously, or may be avoided completely. Atrioseptostomy by the balloon catheter technique requires neither sedation nor general anesthesia, and obviates the need for thoracotomy and cardiotomy. The rapidity with which it can be performed makes it particularly advantageous for the desperately hypoxic newborn with transposition of the great arteries who may be considered too sick to withstand major surgery.
Hepatitis C virus core protein stimulates hepatocyte growth: Correlation with upregulation of wnt-1 expression
Authors: Takayoshi Fukutomi, Yonghong Zhou, Shigenobu Kawai, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Jack R. Wands, Jisu Li
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein has been implicated in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we report that expression of HCV core protein by transient transfection increased cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle progression in Huh-7 cells, a human HCC-derived cell line. Culture supernatant from transfected cells also harbored a growth-promoting effect. Moreover, a full-length HCV replicon, but not a subgenomic replicon devoid of the core gene, significantly stimulated growth of transiently transfected Huh-7.5 cells. However, growth of the subgenomic replicon-containing Huh-7.5 cells could be stimulated by secondary transfection with core gene but not other structural genes present in the full-length replicon. Microarray analysis revealed threefold or more transcriptional changes in 372 of 12,500 known human genes in core protein expressing Huh-7 cells, with most genes involved in cell growth or oncogenic signaling, being upregulated rather than downregulated. Of particular interest is the marked upregulation of both wnt-1 and its downstream target gene WISP-2. Indeed, small interfering RNA against wnt-1 blunted growth stimulation by core gene, whereas transfection of Huh-7 cells with the wnt-1 gene sufficed to promote cell proliferation. Consistent with secretion of the wnt-1 protein, conditioned medium from wnt-1 transfected cells accelerated cell growth. In conclusion, HCV core protein induces Huh-7 cell proliferation whether alone or in the context of HCV replication, which is at least partly mediated by transcriptional upregulation of growth-related genes, in particular wnt-1. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:1096–1105.)
DIABETIC COMA AND THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: EDWARD L. MUNSON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The disease diabetes mellitus has long furnished the science of medicine with some of its most difficult and obscure problems, one of the most interesting of which is that symptom-complex called diabetic coma, which in many instances brings this affection to a fatal termination. It was at first believed that this condition was induced by an effusion of serum into the arachnoid but later investigations failed to confirm this theory. The idea was then advanced that the phenomena of diabetic coma were due to the action of some toxic body on the organism and a large number of substances have from time to time been considered as the essential factors in the production of this condition. Urea was long believed to play an important part in this as in other affections characterized by marked nervous and cerebral symptoms. Repeated experiments have shown, however, that if free diuresis is maintained, as
PRACTICABILITY OF ENHANCING SPECIFIC RESISTANCE TO STAPHYLOCOCCIC INFECTION
Authors: Stuart Mudd
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A symposium and a conference in November, 1957, under the auspices of the American Public Health Association and the American Medical Association focused attention on the epidemiology and ecology of infections due to antibiotic-resistant staphylococci. The necessity of more rigorous adherence to established principles of asepsis and antisepsis was stressed, and the establishment in each hospital of an Interdepartmental Committee on Infections was recommended, for continuing surveillance of infection and continuing supervision of procedures directed toward controlling infection. This recommendation has been quite generally implemented. Moreover, federal, state, and regional health agencies have continued the educational effort, albeit in a somewhat uneven manner. A serious effort has been initiated toward cooperation of physicians, health officers, and hospital administrators and personnel on the one hand, and heating and air-conditioning engineers, sanitarians, and architects on the other, in investigating the complex problems of improving sanitation and housekeeping within existing hospitals and improving
Arginine reverses T cell defects
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

An amino acid might help fight chronic hepatitis, according to a study by Das et al. (page 2111).






Figure 1

The arginine-destroying enzyme arginase is elevated in the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infections.




The amino acid arginine is indispensible for the host's T cell response against tumors or chronic infection. Without arginine, a T cell receptor (TCR) component cannot be produced efficiently, thus dampening TCR signaling. As a result, the cells do not proliferate normally or produce the survival cytokine IL-2, although they still make inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ and TNF.

Das et al. now find that CD8+ T cells in the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis B infections show signs of arginine starvation. Despite proliferating poorly, the cells' production of IFNγ and TNF might explain the liver damage seen in these patients. The amino acid deficiency stemmed from the activity of the arginine-destroying enzyme arginase, which was elevated in inflamed livers. The arginase source is still unknown but seems to be confined to the liver, as T cells elsewhere in the patients were less affected.

Culturing patients' liver-derived CD8+ T cells with arginine corrected their defects. Whether arginine supplements can help cure hepatitis B remains to be seen.
TCT-365 Prognostic Implication of Left Anterior Descending Artery in Patients with Chronic Total Occlusions and Complete Coronary Revascularization.
Authors: Renato Valenti, Giulia Cantini, Vincenzo Comito, Marco Marrani, Angela Migliorini, Ruben Vergara, Nazario Carrabba, Guido Parodi, David Antoniucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
102 Preliminary data for the treatment of adefovir in transplant patients with hepatitis B (HBV) resistant to lamivudine
Authors: R. Barcena, T. Casanovas, M. Prieto, M. Buti, J.M. Moreno, V. Cuervas, E. Fraga, M. de la Mata, J. Otero, M. Delgado, J. Loinaz, C. Barrios, Ml.G. Dieguez, A. Mas, J. Sousa, M. Rueda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Guidelines mean that you can have a DIY assisted suicide, but not a professional one
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Only if assisted suicide is legalised and regulated can society have any confidence that it is not being abused, a leading human rights lawyer argued in a debate organised by the Law Society and the Huffington Post in central London on 3 April.

Paul Bowen QC represented Debbie Purdy, who has multiple sclerosis, in the court case that led the director of public prosecutions (DPP) to issue guidelines stating that family members or friends who assist a suicide with compassionate motives will not normally be prosecuted.

The guidance makes it clear that doctors or other healthcare professionals who help a patient to die will be at greater risk of prosecution for assisting a suicide, a crime that carries a maximum sentence of 14 years in prison.

But Mr Bowen, who was standing in for …
The Net Clinical Benefit of Warfarin Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Vikram Budhraja
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters16 February 2010The Net Clinical Benefit of Warfarin Anticoagulation in Atrial FibrillationVikram Budhraja, MDVikram Budhraja, MDFrom Lincoln Medical Center, Fayetteville, TN 37334.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-4-201002160-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Current guidelines from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommend that warfarin be given to patients with atrial fibrillation on the basis of stroke risk. This strategy maximizes stroke reduction only if the effect of warfarin is uniform across all risk factors. Singer and colleagues (1) present data that suggest otherwise. Their subgroup analysis found that men and women with atrial fibrillation have markedly different relative risk reductions when treated with warfarin (adjusted relative risk reduction, about 34% in men vs. 55% in women). Formal testing for treatment by covariate interaction (not reported by the authors) ...Reference1. Singer DE, Chang Y, Fang MC, Borowsky LH, Pomernacki NK, Udaltsova N, et al. The net clinical benefit of warfarin anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:297-305. [PMID: 19721017] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Vikram Budhraja, MDAffiliations: From Lincoln Medical Center, Fayetteville, TN 37334.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Net Clinical Benefit of Warfarin Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation Daniel E. Singer , Yuchiao Chang , Margaret C. Fang , Leila H. Borowsky , Niela K. Pomernacki , Natalia Udaltsova , and Alan S. Go The Net Clinical Benefit of Warfarin Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation Daniel E. Singer , Yuchiao Chang , and Alan S. Go The Net Clinical Benefit of Warfarin Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation Henry Bussey Metrics Cited byEvolution of and Evidence-Practice Gaps in Antithrombotic Management of Atrial Fibrillation Patients After Percutaneous Coronary InterventionTime‐trends and treatment gaps in the antithrombotic management of patients with atrial fibrillation after percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the CHUM AF‐STENT RegistryComparison of HAS-BLED with other risk models for predicting the bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation 16 February 2010Volume 152, Issue 4Page: 265KeywordsAtrial fibrillationConflicts of interestHeartHypertensionMedical risk factorsRelative riskStrokeTreatment guidelines ePublished: 16 February 2010 Issue Published: 16 February 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
London hospital says it will continue to offer HIV tests to all accident and emergency patients after trial
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A London hospital has begun offering bloodless HIV tests to every adult patient attending its accident and emergency department, in a bid to curb onward transmission of the infection in the capital, where rates are among the highest in the United Kingdom.

Figures from the Health Protection Agency, published at the end of last year, indicate that a quarter (26%) of the estimated 86 500 people infected with HIV in the UK are unaware that they are infected. By 2012 the number of diagnosed and undiagnosed cases in the UK is expected to reach 100 000.

Since the end of January Chelsea and Westminster Hospital has been routinely offering an HIV test to emergency care patients aged between 16 and 67 who are able to be tested. HIV tests are normally routinely offered in the NHS only to pregnant women …
Book Review The Grand Challenge for the Future: Vaccines for Poverty-Related Diseases from Bench to Field (Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases.) Edited by Stefan H.E. Kaufmann and Paul-Henri Lambert. 290 pp. Basel, Switzerland, Birkhäuser Verlag, 2005. $119. 3-7643-7175-7
Authors: Walter A. Orenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Physicians’ Experiences With Impaired Colleagues—Reply
Authors: Catherine M. DesRoches, Eric G. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endothelial-Like Progenitor Cells Engineered to Produce Prostacyclin Rescue Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Provide Right Ventricle Benefits
Authors: Lei Zhou, Zhiqiang Chen, Peter Vanderslice, Shui-Ping So, Ke-He Ruan, James T. Willerson, Richard A.F. Dixon
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Intravenous prostacyclin is approved for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but it has a short half-life and must be delivered systemically via an indwelling intravenous catheter. We hypothesize that localized jugular vein delivery of prostacyclin-producing cells may provide sustained therapeutic effects without the limitations of systemic delivery. Methods and Results— We generated a vector expressing a human cyclooxygenase isoform 1 and prostacyclin synthase fusion protein that produces prostacyclin from arachidonic acid. Endothelial-like progenitor cells (ELPCs) were transfected with the cyclooxygenase isoform 1-prostacyclin synthase plasmid and labeled with lentivirus expressing nuclear-localized red fluorescent protein (nuRFP). The engineered ELPCs (expressing cyclooxygenase isoform 1-prostacyclin synthase and nuRFP) were tested in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. In PAH prevention studies, treatment with engineered ELPCs or control ELPCs (expressing nuRFP alone) attenuated MCT-induced right ventricular systolic pressure increase, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vessel wall thickening. Engineered ELPCs were more effective than control ELPCs in all variables evaluated. In PAH reversal studies, engineered ELPCs or control ELPCs increased the survival rate of rats with established PAH and decreased right ventricular hypertrophy. Engineered ELPCs provided a survival benefit 2 weeks earlier than did control ELPCs. Microarray-based gene ontology analysis of the right ventricle revealed that a number of MCT-altered genes and neurotransmitter pathways (dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid) were restored after ELPC-based prostacyclin gene therapy. Conclusions— Cyclooxygenase isoform 1-prostacyclin synthase–expressing ELPCs reversed MCT-induced PAH. A single jugular vein injection offered survival benefits for at least 4 weeks and may provide a promising option for PAH patients.
Genetic Variants Associated With Susceptibility to<i>Helicobacter pylori—</i>Reply
Authors: Julia Mayerle, Ernst J. Kuipers, Markus M. Lerch
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal