tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-8 and hIRH (SDF1-?/PBSF) mRNA expression and histological activity index in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Katsuhiro Shimoda, Nasim Ara Begum, Kenji Shibuta, Masaki Mori, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Barbara F. Banner, Graham F. Barnard
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Recombinant h uman i ntercrine r educed in h epatomas (hIRH)/ s tromal cell- d erived f actor 1 (SDF1-α)/ p re- B -cell growth- s timulating f actor (PBSF), a new chemokine, exhibits an in vitro chemotaxis to neutrophils and a mixed in vivo chemotactic activity to neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in a rat intradermal injection model. We have investigated the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and hIRH, in chronic hepatitis C of differing severity. Levels of expression of IL-8 and hIRH mRNA obtained from 37 human liver biopsy samples were measured by reverse-transcription and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. We examined the correlation between mRNA expression and components of the histological activity index (HAI). Patients with HAI ≥ 8 had a significantly higher corrected IL-8 mRNA expression ratio (0.24 ± 0.13 [mean ± SD]; n = 20) than those with HAI ≤ 7 (0.05 ± 0.03; n = 17; P &lt; .0001). Additionally, IL-8 mRNA expression was strongly associated with the severity of portal inflammation (PI) (high PI vs. low PI, 0.22 ± 0.14 vs. 0.05 ± 0.04; P &lt; .0001) and with the presence of bile duct lesions (0.29 ± 0.15 vs. 0.11 ± 0.1; P &lt; .01). In contrast, hIRH mRNA expression was not associated with the total HAI, any components of the HAI, or bile duct inflammation or injury. These results suggest that hIRH, although having the -CXC-, alpha chemokine motif, and exhibiting in vivo and in vitro inflammatory activity as does IL-8, plays a different role from IL-8 in hepatic inflammation and injury. IL-8 expression is directly associated with inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis C, while hIRH expression does not correlate with histopathological severity of inflammation.
Effect of Reserpine in Therapeutic Dosage on Excretion of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid
Authors: A. Todrick, M. Dick, A. C. Tait
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Recent investigations into the biochemistry of 5-hydroxytryptamine (H.T.) have provided evidence that the endo- genous H.T. in the mammalian brain is mobilized and disappears from the organ following the injection of reserpine (Brodie et al., 1955); the hypothesis has been advanced that the latter drug owes its pharmacological properties, hypotensive and ataractic, to its ability to set free H.T. or, as an alternative, to interfere with the H.T.-binding sites, the immediate liberation being inci- dental.Reserpine will also set H.T. free from blood platelets in vitro (Shore et al., 1956) and in vivo in animals and man (Haverback et al., 1956a), but the stores of this compound in the intestinal cells are not so readily liber- ated, although this has been reported following high dosage in the rabbit (Pletscher et al., 1955).A resultant increase in the excretion product, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (H.I.A.A.), has been demonstrated in the dog fol- lowing massive doses of reserpine ; the dose used, 5 mg./
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and exercise testing in an international rugby union team
Authors: E. C. Falvey, C. McCarthy, T. M. O'Connor, F. Shanahan, M. G. Molloy, B. J. Plant
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is an acute, transient airway narrowing that occurs during or after exercise, defined as a ≥10% decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after exercise.1 Exercise-induced fatigue or dyspnoea due to EIB are often incorrectly attributed to deconditioning.2 In elite athletes, EIB has a prevalence of 7–50%.3 The prevalence of EIB in rugby union players has not been reported despite the sport's popularity, with >2 million players worldwide. We developed a rugby-specific exercise protocol and questionnaire to measure the prevalence of asthma/EIB in all players in the Irish Senior Rugby squad who attended preseason training.

The exercise protocol differed from regular field or laboratory-based testing, reflecting the type of exertion experienced by elite rugby players …
PLASMA PROTHROMBIN: EFFECT OF PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY
Authors: E. D. Warner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Extirpation of a large portion of the liver in rats results in a marked decrease in the plasma prothrombin. The plasma prothrombin level gradually returns to normal during the period required for restoration of the liver to its normal weight. The decrease in prothrombin incident to partial hepatectomy supports the thesis that the liver is concerned in the manufacture of plasma prothrombin.
Transcriptional Associations of Osteoarthritis‐Mediated Loss of Epigenetic Control in Articular Cartilage
Authors: Wouter den Hollander, Yolande F. M. Ramos, Nils Bomer, Stefan Elzinga, Ruud van der Breggen, Nico Lakenberg, Wesley J. de Dijcker, H. Eka D. Suchiman, Bouke J. Duijnisveld, Jeanine J. Houwing‐Duistermaat, P. Eline Slagboom, Steffan D. Bos, Rob G. H. H. Nelissen, Ingrid Meulenbelt
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective To identify osteoarthritis (OA) progression–modulating pathways in articular cartilage and their respective regulatory epigenetic and genetic determinants in end‐stage disease. Methods Transcriptional activity of CpG was assessed using gene expression data and DNA methylation data for preserved and lesional articular cartilage samples. Disease‐responsive transcriptionally active CpG were identified by means of differential methylation between preserved and lesional cartilage. Transcriptionally relevant genetic determinants were addressed by means of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) proximal to the OA‐responsive transcriptionally active CpG. Statistical analyses were corrected for age, sex, joint, and technical covariates. A random effect was included to correct for possible correlations between paired samples. Results Of 9,838 transcribed genes in articular cartilage, 2,324 correlated with the methylation status of 3,748 transcriptionally active CpG; both negative (n = 1,741) and positive (n = 2,007) correlations were observed. Hypomethylation and hypermethylation (false discovery rate of &lt;0.05, |Δβ| &gt; 0.05) were observed for 62 and 25 transcriptionally active CpG, respectively, covering 70 unique genes. Enrichment for developmental and extracellular matrix maintenance pathways indicated possible reactivation of endochondral ossification. Finally, we observed 31 and 26 genes for which methylation and expression, respectively, were additionally affected by genetic variation. Conclusion We identified tissue‐specific genes involved in OA disease progression, reflected by genetic and pathologic epigenetic regulation of transcription, primarily at genes involved in development. Therefore, transcriptionally active SNPs near these genes may serve as putative susceptibility alleles. Our results constitute an important step toward understanding the reported widespread epigenetic changes occurring in OA articular cartilage and toward subsequent development of treatments targeting disease‐driving pathways.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF PREDICTING HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA BY ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: BENT HARVALD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

In order to study the possibility of demonstrating the presence of the morbid gene among the offspring of patients with Huntington's chorea by electroencephalography before its clinical manifestation, a total of 25 such offspring were submitted to electroencephalographic study. The examination revealed initial signs of Huntington's chorea in 2, both of whom had electroencephalograms (EEGs) of the low-voltage-fast pattern. Among the 23 clinically healthy subjects, definite EEG changes were demonstrable in only one. Another one had an EEG of the low-voltage-fast type, and 5 exhibited minor changes of doubtful significance, whereas in 16 the EEGs were normal in every respect. The writer concludes that this method does not seem to be able to afford a possibility of demonstrating the presence of the morbid gene with anything approaching certainty.
An Experimental Study of the Production and Time Course of Poststenotic Dilatation in the Femoral and Carotid Arteries of Adult Dogs
Authors: Margot R. Roach
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Three degrees of stenosis were produced in the femoral and carotid arteries of twenty-six adult dogs. Minimum stenosis caused neither proximal nor distal dilatation. Moderate stenosis, defined by the presence of a distal thrill and bruit, always produced post-stenotic dilatation. Severe stenosis, with a marked decrease or absence of distal. pulsation caused temporary proximal dilatation. The arteries were painted with a radi-opaque paste which did not change their elastic properties and allowed daily measurements of arterial diameter. Radiograms showed that if turbulence was present, the artery usually started to dilate within twenty-four hours, reached a steady state within ten days, and then remained essentially unchanged for up to ten months. The dilatation was fusiform, and usually extended for 1.75 to 2.0 cm distal to the end of the band. Frequency analysis of the murmurs showed a wide frequency spectrum with no resonant points and no components over 1500 cycles/ sec. This type of sound is more likely to be produced by turbulence than by cavitation or vortex formation. Dye injection in a model showed a random dye distribution starting a short distance distal to the constriction. Analysis of pressure-volume diagrams from these arteries 35 suggested that the dilatation was due to a weakness of the arterial wall in the poststenotic segment.
DIET TABLE IN A PRIVATE BOARDING SCHOOL OF TWO HUNDRED BOYS
Authors: THOMAS N. HORAN
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In a separate room, an auxiliary dining hall, a table was set with ten places. The boys chosen were underweight, but otherwise they were normal. For purposes of control and comparison, boys of average weight and overweight boys were also assigned seats at the table. There was a separate kitchen adjoining the dining hall; a dietitian,<sup>1</sup>an assistant and one waitress arranged the diets, prepared and weighed the food, and served the boys. The beginning of the diet was preceded by a period of study of the normal appetite, food choices, calories taken, proportions of protein, carbohydrate and fat, and other related habits. Each boy was given a general physical examination. The actual diets ranged from thirty-five to sixty-five days in length and were conducted along the following lines: A balanced diet was served providing proper proportions of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrate, protein and fat. Each article of
Strawberry gums. A sign of Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: P. S. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

WEGENER'S granulomatosis is a systemic illness that encompasses necrotizing vasculitis and granulomatous infiltration of the upper and lower respiratory tract and significant renal involvement. Medical journals<sup>1</sup>have reported gingival involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis, but this phenomenon has been described more extensively in the dental literature.<sup>2-5</sup>We report the case of a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis in whom distinctive diagnostic gingival changes were present from the beginning of his illness but were not recognized as physical findings indicative of Wegener's granulomatosis. Because these gingival lesions are not well described in the medical literature, we report the following case. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 57-year-old man was referred for evaluation of recent-onset hemoptysis and two days of fevers with shaking chills on Jan 21, 1980. Several months of progressive shortness of breath, a nonhealing lesion on his left arm, and polyarthralgias were also noted. Four months before admission, a chest roentgenogram
THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY
Authors: Claus W. Jungeblut, Barbara R. McGinn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. Blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system by means of a single injection of India ink caused a marked retention of neoarsphenamine in the blood of guinea pigs during the first twenty minutes of observation after intravenous injection, as contrasted with the rapid disappearance of the drug from the blood of normal controls. 2. Rabbits blocked by a single dose of India ink showed a slower elimination of the drug from the circulation following the first few hours after intravenous injection than corresponding controls. 3. The arsenic content of the liver of mice, which received neoarsphenamine intravenously after a preceding blocking injection with India ink, was appreciably lower than the arsenic content of the normal organ under similar experimental conditions.
HLA Engineering of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Laura Riolobos, Roli K Hirata, Cameron J Turtle, Pei-Rong Wang, German G Gornalusse, Maja Zavajlevski, Stanley R Riddell, David W Russell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

The clinical use of human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives is limited by the rejection of transplanted cells due to differences in their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. This has led to the proposed use of histocompatible, patient-specific stem cells; however, the preparation of many different stem cell lines for clinical use is a daunting task. Here, we develop two distinct genetic engineering approaches that address this problem. First, we use a combination of gene targeting and mitotic recombination to derive HLA-homozygous embryonic stem cell (ESC) subclones from an HLA-heterozygous parental line. A small bank of HLA-homozygous stem cells with common haplotypes would match a significant proportion of the population. Second, we derive HLA class I-negative cells by targeted disruption of both alleles of the Beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M) gene in ESCs. Mixed leukocyte reactions and peptide-specific HLA-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses were reduced in class I-negative cells that had undergone differentiation in embryoid bodies. These B2M(-/-) ESCs could act as universal donor cells in applications where the transplanted cells do not express HLA class II genes. Both approaches used adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for efficient gene targeting in the absence of potentially genotoxic nucleases, and produced pluripotent, transgene-free cell lines.
Consensus Panel Says Benefits of Screening Women for Ovarian Cancer Currently Unproven
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

A NATIONAL Institutes of Health consensus development panel has some advice for women, and their physicians, who may be concerned about ovarian cancer. Panel chair Vicki Seltzer, MD, head of obstetrics and gynecology at Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, says, "Women are overly worried. The risk of ovarian cancer is only 1 in 70 unless the woman belongs to a high-risk group." "I think there is a tremendous fear of ovarian cancer, and it greatly exceeds the risk," says panel member Carolyn Hendricks, MD, a medical oncologist in practice in Rockville, Md. Risk factors for ovarian cancer include nulliparity, North American or Northern European descent, a history of endometrial, colon, or breast cancer, and a family history of ovarian cancer. However, there is a small percentage of women who are at significantly increased risk of disease due to three hereditary ovarian cancer syndromes: breast-ovarian cancer syndrome,
Evaluation of Lymphangiography, Inferior Venacavography and Intravenous Pyelography in the Clinical Staging and Management of Hodgkin's Disease and Lymphosarcoma
Authors: Burton J. Lee, James H. Nelson, George Schwarz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

RADIATION is effective in eradicating localized lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma or reticulum-cell sarcoma). In patients in whom the disease can be shown to be localized, intensive x-ray therapy to the involved area may control it for an indefinite period and may be curative. The prognosis and proper course of treatment in a given patient depend in large part on determination of the extent of disease. If the patients with localized or regional disease — Peters's Stage I or II1 (Table 1) — can be identified, prompt and vigorous radiotherapy of all affected node-bearing areas may well "cure" a high percentage . . .
Global warming must be limited to 2°C, scientists say
Authors: Tony Juniper
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The United Nations' negotiations on climate change reopened in Montreal, Canada, this week, against a backdrop of warnings from climatologists about the consequences of rising concentrations of “greenhouse” gases in the atmosphere.

Russia's ratification of the Kyoto protocol triggered the protocol's coming into force earlier this year, but the agreement will only slightly reduce the steepness of the rising curve of concentrations of gases and even then only if countries implement it.

Although the scientists and most countries are clear that the Kyoto protocol, agreed in 1997, is only a first …
Prognosis of neutropenic patients admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: D. Mokart, M. Darmon, M. Resche-Rigon, V. Lemiale, F. Pène, J. Mayaux, A. Rabbat, A. Kouatchet, F. Vincent, M. Nyunga, F. Bruneel, C. Lebert, P. Perez, A. Renault, R. Hamidfar, M. Jourdain, A.-P. Meert, D. Benoit, S. Chevret, E. Azoulay
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Paroxysmal Myoglobinuria
Authors: James W. Erlenborn
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A 33-year-old man was hospitalized during an attack of disabling pain in his extremities. Similar attacks, accompanied by the passage of dark urine, had occurred repeatedly during the previous 10 years and had twice led to hospitalization. They had always followed ingestion of large amounts of alcoholic beverages. Immunoelectrophoresis of the urine, using human myoglobin antiserum, positively identified the pigment in the urine as myoglobin. Like other patients who have exhibited transient, nonspecific electrocardiographic changes, this patient showed a variety of dynamic electrocardiographic changes during the acute attacks, and there was radiologic evidence of cardiomegaly.
Neonatal Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure Alters the Developmental Trajectory of Cell-Signaling Cascades Controlling Metabolism: Differential Effects of Diazinon and Parathion
Authors: Abayomi A. Adigun, Nicola Wrench, Frederic J. Seidler, Theodore A. Slotkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are developmental neurotoxicants but also produce lasting effects on metabolism.We administered diazinon (DZN) or parathion (PRT) to rats on postnatal days 14 at doses straddling the threshold for systemic signs of exposure and assessed the effects on hepatic and cardiac cell signaling mediated through the adenylyl cyclase (AC) cascade.In the liver, DZN elicited global sensitization, characterized by parallel up-regulation of AC activity itself and of the responses to stimulants acting at beta-adrenergic receptors, glucagon receptors, or G-proteins. The effects intensified over the course from adolescence to adulthood. In contrast, PRT elicited up-regulation in adolescence that waned by adulthood. Superimposed on these general patterns were effects on glucagon receptor coupling to AC and on responses mediated through the Gi inhibitory protein. The effects on the liver were more substantial than those in the heart, which displayed only transient effects of DZN on AC function in adolescence and no significant effects of PRT. Furthermore, the hepatic effects were greater in magnitude than those in a brain region (cerebellum) that shares similar AC cascade elements.These findings indicate that OPs alter the trajectory of hepatic cell signaling in a manner consistent with the observed emergence of prediabetes-like metabolic dysfunction. Notably, the various OPs differ in their net impact on peripheral AC signaling, making it unlikely that the effects on signaling reflect their shared property as cholinesterase inhibitors.
Distribution of Serum Amylase in Man and Animals
Authors: J. Edward Berk
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Many enzymes formerly viewed as single entities are now considered to be composed of a number of molecular forms termed isoenzymes. 1 Although each of these isoenzymes acts on the same substrate and produces the same end product, they show certain physicochemical differences. Evidence has recently been advanced indicating that this concept of enzyme multiplicity may be extended to serum amylase. 2 Such observations may have clinical significance, since serum total amylase as conventionally determined is relatively nonspecific. Serum amylase activity may be altered in such varied disorders as pancreatitis, perforated peptic ulcer, liver and biliary disturbances, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, and ruptured ectopic pregancy. 3 The level of amylase activity in the serum may also be increased by administration of opiates and analgesic drugs. 4 If it should prove possible, therefore, to delineate distinctive isoenzymes of amylase and to determine their specific tissue sources, the usefulness of serum amylase in
Ischemia precipitates ventricular tachyarrhythmias in transgenic mice overexpressing calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (IPLA2β) that are ablated by mechanism-based inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity
Authors: Dana R. Abendschein, David J. Mancusco, Richard B. Schuessler, Christopher M. Jenkins, Xianlin Han, Richard W. Gross
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Correction: Abdomen, Not Stomach
Authors: LAWRENCE B. LUSK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1984Correction: Abdomen, Not StomachLAWRENCE B. LUSK, M.D.LAWRENCE B. LUSK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-151_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I got a stomachache as I read Benjamin and colleagues' account (1) of the woman with a migrating Angelchik prosthesis and apparently unrelated "pain in the right upper quadrant of her stomach." Although stomach is often used by patients as a synonym for abdomen, such usage in the medical literature is confusing. Indeed, in this patient we are told that after the peripatetic prosthesis was recovered from "the proximal body of the stomach" she "continued to have intermittent musculoskeletal pain in the right upper quadrant of her stomach" (italics mine).I hate to bellyache, but I just...Reference1. BENJAMINKERRCOHENMOTAPARTHYCASTELL SRDVD. Complications of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:570-5. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver, CO 80262 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1984Volume 101, Issue 1Page: 151-151KeywordsAbdominal painPatient advocacyStomach Issue Published: 1 July 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...