tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fingerprints, palms and soles: an introduction to dermatoglyphics.
Authors: Hermann Pinkus
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This paperback volume is an unabridged and corrected republication of the pioneer work on dermatoglyphics first published in 1943. The very fact that a scientific book is reprinted after an interval of 18 years speaks for its lasting value. I feel sure that everybody who has used the "Cummins and Midlo" regretted that it was out of print and is pleased to see it is again available. Dermatoglyphics is one of those fields in which many interests meet. Anatomists, anthropologists, geneticists, and criminologists have a long-standing devotion to this science. Recently, pediatricians and psychologists have joined them in connection with the manifestations of Down's syndrome (mongolism). Dermatologists, with few exceptions, have not been much interested in the ridge configurations on fingers, palms, and soles, but they may be assured that the study of dermatoglyphics is a fascinating hobby if nothing else, as recently pointed out by Felsher (<i>Arch Derm [Chic]</i>
JAMA Is Now Published on Wednesday
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

From the first issue in 1883 until April 4, 1964,<i>JAMA</i>was published on Saturdays. The cover date was switched to Monday on April 6,1964, changing not only the day of the week but the week itself. On April 3, 1978, the cover date was shifted again, from Monday to Friday. Effective this issue, April 4, 1990, the cover date becomes Wednesday. Improvements in production and mailing consistency allow us to advance the cover date 2 days without altering any other scheduling or mailing dates. Readers will continue to receiveThe Journalwell in advance of the cover date. This should continue to preclude the dilemma of a patient confronting the physician with a news report of an article before the physician has had a chance to read the relevant article in the current issue of<i>JAMA</i>. As a result of this change, the embargo date for the news media
Abstract P1-04-03: Genome-wide analysis of copy number variations and mutation profiles of single circulating tumour cells using massively parallel paired-end sequencing
Authors: DJE Peeters, P Kumar, N Van der Aa, F Rothé, K Theunis, K Op de Beeck, SJ Van Laere, PB Vermeulen, PA van Dam, D Vincent, C Desmedt, C Sotiriou, LY Dirix, M Ignatiadis, T Voet
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Recent advances in single cell isolation techniques and next generation sequencing (NGS) have paved the way for the genome-wide molecular analysis of individual circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in patients with metastatic carcinomas. Here we present the results of a pilot study evaluating the feasibility and reliability of NGS of single CTC from whole blood samples. MATERIALS &amp; METHODS Single cells of the human breast cancer cell line HCC38 were harvested from spiked blood samples in a semi-automated workflow consisting of immunomagnetic enrichment using the CellSearch system and dielectrophoretic cell sorting using the DEPArray system. DNA was isolated and amplified using the Ampli1 whole genome amplification (WGA) kit and subjected to low-coverage genome-wide paired-end sequencing for copy number variation (CNV) analysis and targeted re-sequencing of 200 cancer-related genes for somatic mutation analysis. RESULTS Single-cell WGA products of four HCC38 cells were subjected to whole genome sequencing for CNV analysis. Average coverage depth was 0,68x. At a binning window of 50 kb, detection results of CNVs in single-cell samples were highly consistent (&amp;gt;81% copy number concordance per bin genome wide) with CNV profiles from non-amplified multi-cell samples of the same cell line. We could demonstrate that part of the discordance was due to the acquisition of novel DNA-rearrangements in the single cells. Three of the single-cell WGA products were additionally subjected to targeted re-sequencing for mutation analysis of 200 selected genes, of which the analysis is currently ongoing. DISCUSSION Our study demonstrates the feasibility of a comprehensive genome-wide CNV analysis and targeted mutation analysis using NGS of single tumour cells isolated from whole blood samples in a highly automated isolation workflow. This approach provides a robust framework for the study of intercellular heterogeneity within the CTC population in blood samples of patients with (metastatic) breast cancer. In addition, our results document the extent of WGA-induced bias of a recently commercialized PCR-based WGA kit. These authors contributed equally to the data presented in this abstract. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-04-03.
The renal osteodystrophy pattern in Brazil and Uruguay: An overview
Authors: Sonia M. Holanda Almeida Araújo, Pablo Ambrosoni, Rosélia R. Santos Lobão, Hena Caorsi, Rosa M.A. Moysés, Fellype Carvalho Barreto, Inés Olaizola, Elisa A.S. Cruz, Alicia Petraglia, Luciene M. Dos Reis, Maria Eugênia Duarte, Vanda Jorgetti, Aluizio B. Carvalho
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
ACTH for Ocular Myasthenia
Authors: Frank W. Mount
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A CAREFULLY CONDUCTED CLINICAL TRIAL is the most efficient means by which to determine the usefulness of a particular treatment in a particular disease. Sometimes a treatment is so obviously effective that a clinical trial serves primarily to establish its usefulness relative to other treatments and to the severity of disease. Often, however, the effectiveness of a treatment remains indecisive even after considerable use. This is partly because of the vagaries of the disease and partly because of the enthusiasms and expectations of both patient and doctor. In such a situation, a clinical trial offers a way to a valid decision concerning an agent's usefulness. Corticotropin (ACTH) and corticosteroids have been tried in the treatment of patients with myasthenia gravis, but estimates of their value were inconclusive.<sup>1</sup>A group of clinical investigators, therefore, decided to undertake a controlled clinical trial to test the efficacy of a short course of ACTH
IMMUNOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IDIOTYPES OF MOUSE MYELOMA PROTEINS WITH SPECIFICITY FOR LEVAN OR DEXTRAN
Authors: Martin Weigert, William C. Raschke, Dennis Carson, Melvin Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

This paper deals solely with idiotypic determinants, the configurations of which are modified when the antibody bearing them interacts with its ligand. This phenomenon is measured as an inhibition of the reaction between anti-idiotype and idiotype. Two points are made: (a) The assay for ligand-modifiable determinants can be used to determine the "size" of the combining site. This is illustrated here with the anti-alpha(1 --> 6) dextran mouse myeloma immunoglobulin W3129. Whether the interaction between a homologous series of alpha(1 --> 6) oligosaccharide ligands and the combining site of W3129 is measured by inhibition of precipitation with alpha(1 --> 6) dextran (4) or of binding of W3129 to anti-W3129 idiotype, the finding is the same. The order of inhibition is isomaltohexaose = isomaltopentaose >> isomaltotetraose > isomaltotriose >>> isomaltose. The combining site is optimally complementary to isomaltopentaose. (b) Cross-idiotypic specificity is closely correlated with cross-combining specificity; the converse is not true. This is illustrated here with three groups of mouse myeloma immunoglobulin, each specific for alpha(1 --> 3) dextran, alpha(1 -->6) dextran, beta(2 --> 1) or beta(2 --> 6) levan. If a given anti-idiotypic serum cross-reacted with several myeloma proteins, they always had similar combining specificity. Thus the three proteins, J558, MOPC 104E, and UPC 102, which cross-react with anti-J558 have combining specificity for alpha(1 --> 3) dextran; cross-reacting W3082, UPC 61, and Y5476 have specificity for levan; and cross-reacting W3129 and W3434 have specificity for alpha(1 --> 6) dextran. This extends previous studies with proteins specific for phosphorylcholine (7) or gamma-globulin (8). As expected, the converse is not true, for proteins may have combining specificity for alpha(1 --> 6) dextran e.g. QUPC 52, or levan e.g. J606, UPC 10 and yet not carry the above-mentioned reference idiotypes. The correlation between cross-idiotypic and combining specificity breaks down when idiotypic determinants which are not modifiable by ligand are studied. The implications of this are pointed out since most investigations deal with ligand-nonmodifiable determinants.
Rifampin and Digoxin: Possible Drug Interaction in a Dialysis Patient
Authors: Carlo Novi
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  We would like to describe a case we observed recently involving a possible drug interaction in a patient receiving long-term dialysis.  Report of a Case.—  A 36-year-old woman receiving long-term dialysis three times weekly for renal failure caused by bilateral urolithiasis experienced heart failure because of repeated pulmonary embolization. She was treated with intravenously given digoxin, administered at the end of each dialysis session according to the guidelines for the use of this drug in renal failure.1She showed good clinical response and serum digoxin levels (measured radioimmunologically) within the usual therapeutic range.2  During digoxin treatment, the patient had a reactivation of an old pulmonary tuberculous lesion; we started treatment with rifampin, 450 mg (about 10 mg/kg of body weight) daily, and isoniazid, 200 mg on the day of dialysis and 100 mg on the other days.  One week after starting treatment with antituberculous drugs,
Maternal vaccination: moving the science forward
Authors: Azure N. Faucette, Benjamin L. Unger, Bernard Gonik, Kang Chen
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2014)

Infections remain one of the leading causes of morbidity in pregnant women and newborns, with vaccine-preventable infections contributing significantly to the burden of disease. In the past decade, maternal vaccination has emerged as a promising public health strategy to prevent and combat maternal, fetal and neonatal infections. Despite a number of universally recommended maternal vaccines, the development and evaluation of safe and effective maternal vaccines and their wide acceptance are hampered by the lack of thorough understanding of the efficacy and safety in the pregnant women and the offspring.An outline was synthesized based on the current status and major gaps in the knowledge of maternal vaccination. A systematic literature search in PUBMED was undertaken using the key words in each section title of the outline to retrieve articles relevant to pregnancy. Articles cited were selected based on relevance and quality. On the basis of the reviewed information, a perspective on the future directions of maternal vaccination research was formulated.Maternal vaccination can generate active immune protection in the mother and elicit systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgG, IgA and IgM responses to confer neonatal protection. The maternal immune system undergoes significant modulation during pregnancy, which influences responsiveness to vaccines. Significant gaps exist in our knowledge of the efficacy and safety of maternal vaccines, and no maternal vaccines against a large number of old and emerging pathogens are available. Public acceptance of maternal vaccination has been low.To tackle the scientific challenges of maternal vaccination and to provide the public with informed vaccination choices, scientists and clinicians in different disciplines must work closely and have a mechanistic understanding of the systemic, reproductive and mammary mucosal immune responses to vaccines. The use of animal models should be coupled with human studies in an iterative manner for maternal vaccine experimentation, evaluation and optimization. Systems biology approaches should be adopted to improve the speed, accuracy and safety of maternal vaccine targeting.
DNA Ligase III as a Candidate Component of Backup Pathways of Nonhomologous End Joining
Authors: Huichen Wang, Bustanur Rosidi, Ronel Perrault, Minli Wang, Lihua Zhang, Frank Windhofer, George Iliakis
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Biochemical and genetic studies support the view that the majority of DNA double-strand breaks induced in the genome of higher eukaryotes by ionizing radiation are removed by two pathways of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) termed D-NHEJ and B-NHEJ. Whereas D-NHEJ depends on the activities of the DNA-dependent protein kinase and DNA ligase IV/XRCC4, components of B-NHEJ have not been identified. Using extract fractionation, we show that the majority of DNA end joining activity in extracts of HeLa cells derives from DNA ligase III. DNA ligase III fractionates through two columns with the maximum in DNA end joining activity and its depletion from the extract causes loss of activity that can be recovered by the addition of purified enzyme. The same fractionation protocols provide evidence for an additional factor strongly enhancing DNA end joining and shifting the product spectrum from circles to multimers. An in vivo plasmid assay shows that DNA ligase IV–deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts retain significant DNA end joining activity that can be reduced by up to 80% by knocking down DNA ligase III using RNA interference. These in vivo and in vitro observations identify DNA ligase III as a candidate component for B-NHEJ and point to additional factors contributing to NHEJ efficiency.
Community-Based Exercise Intervention: Zuni Diabetes Project
Authors: Gregory W Heath, Bruce E Leonard, Robert H Wilson, Juliette S Kendrick, Kenneth E Powell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a serious health problem among the Zuni Indians of New Mexico. In July 1983, Indian Health Service personnel initiated a community-based exercise program designed to help control NIDDM in the community. To retrospectively evaluate the effects of the exercise program, the medical records of 30 participants with NIDDM were compared with the medical records of 56 nonparticipants with NIDDM matched by age, sex, health-care provider, and duration of NIDDM. From 1 July 1983 through 1 October 1985, participants had a mean weight loss of 4 kg, whereas nonparticipants had a mean weight loss of 0.9 kg (P &amp;lt; .05). Participants' fasting blood glucose values dropped by a mean of 43 mg/dl, compared to a mean drop of 2 mg/dl among the nonparticipants (P &amp;lt; .05). Participants were significantly more likely than nonparticipants to have stopped their hypoglycemic medication (relative risk 4.2) and to have decreased their medication dosage (relative risk 2.2). These results suggest that participation in a community-based exercise program can produce significant weight loss and improvement in glycemic control among a group of Native Americans with NIDDM.
A FILTERABLE YEAST-LIKE MICROORGANISM (SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES FILTRANS, N. SP.)
Authors: Paul A. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

A microorganism cultivated in the course of experiments with the virus of hog cholera shows the following points of interest. It is pleomorphic in extreme degree. Among the forms are coccoid and bacillary bodies at the lower limits of visibility. The culture can be completely regenerated after filtration through some Berkefeld N filters although these retain Bacillus abortus (Bang). The culture is carried forward by multiplication of forms of easy visibility (1.5micro). Associated with these at times are still larger forms bearing a striking general resemblance to those yeasts which develop abortive mycelia. Motile bacillary forms appear to arise as buds or branches from round or ovoid cocci. While cognizance is taken of possible alternatives the microorganism is provisionally classified with the yeasts and recognizing its filterability is named Schizosaccharomyces filtrans. The culture is not pathogenic for swine.
Molecular mimicry of a CCR5 binding-domain in the microbial activation of dendritic cells
Authors: Julio Aliberti, Jesus G. Valenzuela, Vern B. Carruthers, Sara Hieny, John Andersen, Hugues Charest, Caetano Reis e Sousa, Alan Fairlamb, Jose M. Ribeiro, Alan Sher
Journal: Nature Immunology (2003)
Comparison of Different Insulin Regimens in Elderly Patients With NIDDM
Authors: Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel, Jean-Pierre J E Sels, Gabrielle J W M Rondas-Colbers, Paul P C A Menheere, Arie C Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To compare the metabolic effects of three different frequently used regimens of insulin administration on blood glucose control and serum lipids, and the costs associated with this treatment, in subjects with NIDDM, who were poorly controlled with oral antihyperglycemic agents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 95 elderly patients with NIDDM (age 68 ± 9 years, BMI 26.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2, and median time since diagnosis of diabetes 9 years [range 1–37]; 37 men, 58 women), who were poorly controlled, despite diet and maximal doses of oral antihyperglycemic agents. Three insulin administration regimens were compared during a 6-month period: patients were randomized for treatment with a two-injection scheme (regimen A) or a combination of glibenclamide with one injection of NPH insulin, administered either at bedtime (regimen B) or before breakfast (regimen C), and insulin treatment was mainly instituted in an outpatient setting. RESULTS After 6 months of insulin treatment, fasting blood glucose of the total patient population had decreased from an average of 14.1 ± 2.2 to 8.3 ± 2.0 mmol/l (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and HbA1c fell from 11.0 ± 1.3 to 8.3 ± 1.2% (P &amp;lt; 0.001); 34 patients reached HbA1c levels below 8.0%, 25 of them even below 7.5%. With two insulin injections daily, HbA1c decreased from 11.2 ± 1.3 to 8.2 ± 1.2%, while during combined treatment, HbA1c fell from 10.5 ± 1.2 to 8.1 ± 1.1% (regimen B) and from 11.1 ± 1.3 to 8.5 ± 1.1% (regimen C). Comparable improvement of the other measures of glycemic control, lipids and lipoproteins, was observed in the different treatment regimens. Body weight increase was moderate (mean ± 4.0 kg) and similar in all patient groups. One-third of patients starting with one insulin injection daily needed a second injection to control glycemia. One episode of severe hypoglycemia was observed. Combined insulin-sulfonylurea treatment was almost 20% more expensive than twice-daily administration of insulin alone. CONCLUSIONS Insulin treatment can safely be instituted in elderly patients with NIDDM. However, it is difficult to obtain optimal glycemic control. Insulin has moderate beneficial effects on serum lipoproteins. Although on the basis of glycemic control and weight gain, no preference for any treatment regimen can be discerned, twice-daily insulin administration is the most simple and cost-effective regimen.
Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients With Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Neesh Pannu, Scott Klarenbach, Natasha Wiebe, Braden Manns, Marcello Tonelli, for the Alberta Kidney Disease Network
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>Acute renal failure requiring dialytic support is associated with a high risk of mortality and substantial morbidity.<h3>Objectives</h3>To summarize current evidence guiding provision of dialysis for patients with acute renal failure, to make recommendations for management, and to identify areas in which additional research is needed.<h3>Data Sources</h3>Systematic searches of peer-reviewed publications in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and All EBM Reviews through October 2007.<h3>Study Selection</h3>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies studying dialytic support in adults with acute renal failure that reported the incidence of clinical outcomes such as mortality, length of stay, need for chronic dialysis, or development of hypotension.<h3>Data Extraction</h3>Quality was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Jadad score (RCTs) and the Downs and Black checklist (cohort studies). A single reviewer extracted data, which were independently verified by a second reviewer. Results of RCTs were pooled using a random-effects model.<h3>Data Synthesis</h3>From 173 retrieved articles, 30 RCTs and 8 prospective cohort studies were eligible. No conclusions could be drawn about optimal indications for or timing of renal replacement. Available data comparing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with intermittent hemodialysis demonstrated no clinically relevant difference between modalities, including for all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.23; I<sup>2</sup> = 0%) or for the requirement for chronic dialysis treatment in survivors (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.56-1.49; I<sup>2</sup> = 0%). For patients treated with CRRT, limited data suggest that bicarbonate may be preferable to other forms of dialysate alkali and that citrate infusion may be an alternative to systemic anticoagulation in patients at high risk of bleeding. Among patients treated with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVHF), the risk of death was lower at doses of 35 mL/kg per hour (RR of death compared with doses of 20 mL/kg per hour, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.88). The use of unsubstituted cellulosic membranes should be avoided in intermittent hemodialysis (RR of death compared with biocompatible membranes, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01-1.50).<h3>Conclusions</h3>Based on current data, intermittent hemodialysis and CRRT appear to lead to similar clinical outcomes for patients with ARF. If CVVHF is used, a dose of 35 mL/kg per hour should be provided. Given the paucity of good-quality evidence in this important area, additional large randomized trials are needed to evaluate clinically important outcomes.
Acquired Cretinism or Juvenile Myx dema
Authors: W. R. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1897)

wa-s thamt (rt'erapidit on 'the part; of the, surgeon.bWOme untie e s:a r Ir '-oonld.now, for thie firt' time, take timne e rouigh to heae-tr'ul and niinutePlv pairstakina ias to (letialls.Ano)ther aitd P ~obvious re'nrlt Nv: theipovmn of nursing ule-li Pi1e -ibolitt"ou of p-i-ri made po,~-.sible.'While.all umrgiry wq,; torture -'-r vI itenrible to see thian to
L'Exploration fonctionelle de l'oeil glaucomateux
Authors: Ellen F. Regan
Journal: JAMA (1962)

As the title implies, this book, in 2 volumes and published in French, deals with methods of determining the visual function and intraocular pressure for the diagnosis and evaluation of glaucoma. Prepared at the request of the French Society of Ophthalmology, it forms the most complete coverage of investigations in this field up to and including 1960. Much of the material is in the nature of review but, wherever possible, the authors, A. G. Ourgaud and R. Etienne, include their own studies. In addition to descriptions of the various tests, their underlying principles are discussed, and their relative value and practicality are indicated at the end of each chapter. Volume 1 deals with various methods of tonometry and tonography and with their applications in the diagnosis and evaluation of glaucoma. Tonometry by corneal depression and by applanation is discussed in detail. The authors stress the value of diurnal curves in
RÔLE OF SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY SUPPURATION
Authors: EVARTS A. GRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The same general principles of the treatment of pyogenic infections elsewhere apply equally well to those conditions of the lung. These are essentially (1) drainage, (2) obliteration of infected cavities and (3) extirpation of chronically inflamed tissue. The differences between suppurations of the lung and suppurations elsewhere consist chiefly in differences in the structure of the lung as compared with that of other organs. In this connection the lung should be regarded as a multilocular structure opening into a tube that leads to the outside of the body. Natural drainage, therefore, is usually through this tube and is often effective, leading to a spontaneous recovery. In many other cases, however, because of the multilocular nature of the lung parenchyma, many small abscesses occur which do not connect adequately with the natural drainage tube, and the result is therefore one of unsatisfactory drainage. The walls of the bronchi and bronchioles often