tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pre-eclampsia and the risk of cancer
Authors: Aliki Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Several studies suggest a decreased risk—except this one 

This issue of the BMJ includes a study which examines the relation between pre-eclampsia and cancer.1 Many researchers have suggested that pre-eclampsia or hypertension in pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk or no excess risk of cancer in the mother.2–8 However this week's study by Paltiel et al shows an increased risk of cancer after pre-eclampsia.1

Despite decades of research, there is still confusion over the cause of pre-eclampsia. It is relatively common, affecting 3-5% of pregnancies, and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality both in the mother and unborn child.9 Several observational studies in European and North American populations have examined the relation between pre-eclampsia (or hypertension) in pregnancy and cancer.2–8 Unfortunately some were based on a small number of cancers in the pre-eclampsia group, not all adjusted for known confounders, and the length of follow up varied. Most of these studies found a …
Woman gives birth after receiving transplant of her own ovarian tissue
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A 28 year old Israeli woman who became infertile after treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has given birth after the successful transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue that was removed from her body before chemotherapy.

Sagit Hechler, aged 28, who already had a boy, gave birth on 27 June to a girl at Sheba Medical Centre near Tel Aviv. The event was reported by the team, headed by Dror Meirow, Jacob Levron, and Jehoshua Dor of Sheba, as correspondence to the online edition of the New England Journal of Medicine on 27 June (www.nejm.org, doi: 10.1056/NEJMc055237). It will appear in the …
AN ATTEMPT AT A PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF SEBORRHOEA AND ACNE VULGARIS: THERAPEUTIC RESULTS.*
Authors: ROBERT ARON-BRUNETIERE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1953)

Journal Article AN ATTEMPT AT A PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF SEBORRHOEA AND ACNE VULGARIS: THERAPEUTIC RESULTS. Get access ROBERT ARON‐BRUNETIÈRE ROBERT ARON‐BRUNETIÈRE Paris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 65, Issue 5, 1 May 1953, Pages 157–164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1953.tb13192.x Published: 01 May 1953
Standard and Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Neoplasms of the Chest
Authors: SHARON K. INOUYE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Although in practice computed tomography (CT) has nearly replaced standard tomography in the evaluation of chest diseases, an analysis of the literature shows that standard tomography may be preferred in some settings. After a detailed review of studies on test performance, we calculated overall sensitivity and specificity values. Using Bayesian analysis, we then developed guidelines for choosing between computed and standard tomography. A test is recommended if its results might obviate the need for an invasive procedure. Standard tomography is recommended in the detection of mediastinal metastases from lung cancer. In the detection of hilar metastases, standard tomography is recommended for patients who have low pretest probabilities of metastases to this site, and computed tomography is recommended for patients who have high pretest probabilities. Computed tomography is recommended for the detection of calcification in solitary pulmonary nodules. Tomographic procedures are not recommended when the pretest probability is intermediate. The discrepancy between current practice and these guidelines highlights the need for carefully designed, multi-institutional comparative studies of radiographic procedures.
Antigen Identification in Membranous Nephropathy Moves toward Targeted Monitoring and New Therapy
Authors: Pierre Ronco, Hanna Debiec
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Membranous nephropathy, a disease characterized by an accumulation of immune deposits on the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane, is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Caucasian adults. In the rat model described by Heymann in 1959, the target antigen of antibodies is megalin, a multiligand receptor expressed in the rat glomerulus but absent from the human glomerulus. In the past few years, two major antigens have been identified in human membranous nephropathy. The first is neutral endopeptidase, the alloantigen involved in neonatal cases of membranous nephropathy that occur in newborns from neutral endopeptidase-deficient mothers. The second is the type-M phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA(2)R), the first autoantigen identified in idiopathic membranous nephropathy in the adult. Megalin, neutral endopeptidase, and PLA(2)R are all expressed on the podocyte surface where they serve as targets for circulating antibodies, which lead to in situ immune complex formation, complement activation, and proteinuria. The recent discovery of neutral endopeptidase and PLA(2)R provides new tools for monitoring human disease activity and should be of value in designing new antigen-driven therapeutic strategies.
Epilepsy is misdiagnosed in 90 000 people a year in England and Wales
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Each year more than 90 000 people in England and Wales are wrongly given a diagnosis of epilepsy, a new study has estimated. This scale of misdiagnosis may be resulting in unnecessary costs of as much as £138m (€205m; $257m) a year, it says.

The study, which was published ahead of print publication on 29 September in Seizure (http://www.sciencedirect.com, doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2006.08.005), says that diagnosing epilepsy is difficult and that misdiagnosis occurs in one in four cases, largely as a result of patients being seen by medical practitioners who are not specialists in …
Induced differentiation, the cell cycle, and the treatment of cancer
Authors: Richard A. Rifkind, Victoria M. Richon, Paul A. Marks
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996)

Hybrid polar compounds, of which hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) is the prototype, have been shown to be potent inducers of differentiation of many types of transformed cells. With virus-transformed murine erythroleukemia cells as a model, HMBA was shown to cause these cells to arrest in G1 phase and express globin genes. HMBA action involves modulation of factors regulating G1 to S phase progression, including a decrease in the G1 cyclin-dependent kinase 4 accumulation of underphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, and an increase in the level of both retinoblastoma protein and the related protein, p107. In turn, p107 complexes with transcription factors such as E2F and, presumably, inhibits transcriptional activity of these factors for genes whose products are required for DNA synthesis. This provides a possible mechanism for HMBA-induced terminal cell division of transformed cells. Evidence that hybrid polar compounds have therapeutic potential for cancer treatment is also reviewed.
THE PHYSICIAN'S DUTY TO THE CHILD FROM A DENTAL STANDPOINT.
Authors: ALICE M. STEEVES
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The possibilities for usefulness of the dental profession suggested to our mental horizon make us sigh and wonder if the time will ever come when the laity may receive the proper instruction regarding the real value of the organs of mastication. Comparatively few understand and appreciate all that the faithful dentist may be able to accomplish. But too many either wholly neglect this important subject or, perhaps worse, make the best bargain counter contract possible with the man who guarantees "satisfaction or no money back" until the skillful esthetic dentist cries out, "hideous, all is hideous," "cleanliness next to Godliness" will not be in that mouth. To whom shall we turn in this hour of doubt? To the vast army of educators, ministers, physicians, teachers of schools, and all public institutions. But the public educator will tell us that the child must learn to keep his mouth clean at home.
F-18 FLT PET: A Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool for Visualization of the Bone Marrow Compartment in Patients With Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Ali Agool, Riemer H. J. A. Slart, Philip M. Kluin, Joost Th. M. de Wolf, Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx, Edo Vellenga
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A discordant relationship between bone marrow cellularity and peripheral blood findings is regularly noticed in patients with aplastic anemia (AA). Therefore, the feasibility of 3-F-18 fluoro-3-deoxy-L-thymidine (F-18 FLT PET was tested as a noninvasive tool to visualize the total distribution of the hematopoietic bone marrow compartment in AA at presentation or after treatment.In vivo scanning was performed with F-18 FLT PET in AA patients (n = 17), including patients upfront (n = 11) and following treatment (n = 6), in addition to peripheral blood cell counts and a bone marrow biopsy.A striking abnormal F-18 FLT scan was observed in all patients upfront treatment, in particular a reduced uptake of the pelvis was shown, the area that is biopsied for the bone marrow biopsy. Following treatment, the number of solitary lesions with increased proliferative activity outside the pelvis was noticed in patients with partial response, whereas patients with a complete remission showed a homogenous uptake throughout the skeleton.This pilot study demonstrates that F-18 FLT scan provides a highly distinctive overview of the bone marrow compartment in AA that might be helpful for making a proper diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of AA patients.
Death and injury on roads
Authors: Shanthi Ameratunga, Rod Jackson, Robyn Norton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Lowering the road toll will take much more than altering road users' behaviour 

I n 2002 a theme issue of the BMJ focused on the unacceptable, and largely neglected, global toll of road traffic crashes.1 The subsequent report by the World Health Organization highlighted that low and middle income countries bear the brunt of this burden, accounting for more than 85% of the deaths and 90% of disability adjusted life years lost from road crashes.2 In contrast, many high income countries (including the United Kingdom) were shown to have sharply reduced their rates of road crashes in recent decades, exemplifying what could be achieved.

It is tempting to bask in the glory of such creditable achievements, but, as always, the devil is in the detail. A heterogeneous and unplanned collection of three papers appearing in this week's BMJ 3–5 and one being published on line6 provides a timely reminder of the extent to which the potential to prevent road traffic injury remains a challenge, …
Differences in serum ampicillin concentrations among patients under constant-rate infusion.
Authors: E Bouvet, C Gilbert, C Gaudebout, F Vachon
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Differences in serum ampicillin concentrations among patients under constant-rate infusion Continuous infusion of a drug at a constant rate is supposed to main- tain its serum concentration at a constant and predictable level.We investigated the truth of this in patients treated with ampicillin for severe purulent meningitis.
Abstract SY01-04: Tackling breast cancer: from genetic screens to new therapeutic strategies
Authors: Thomas F. Westbrook
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancer is a collection of diseases with distinct clinical behaviors and underlying genetic causes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a common subtype of breast cancer that confers a particularly poor prognosis and is refractory to current targeted therapies. Unfortunately, the molecular determinants driving this aggressive malignancy are poorly understood. Using an unbiased genetic screen, we have identified a novel tumor suppressor network that governs proliferation and transformation of TNBCs in vitro and in vivo. We define PTPN12 as a core component in this network and a commonly inactivated tumor suppressor in TNBC. PTPN12 is a potent suppressor of human mammary epithelial cell proliferation and transformation. PTPN12 function is frequently compromised in human TNBCs by inactivating mutations, deletion, or loss of protein expression. Mechanistically, PTPN12 is a tyrosine phosphatase that suppresses cellular transformation by interacting with and inhibiting several oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases including HER2, EGFR, and PDGFR. Notably, the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of PTPN12-deficient TNBCs is severely impaired by restoring PTPN12 function or by inhibiting kinase targets of PTPN12, suggesting that TNBCs are dependent on the proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinases constrained by PTPN12. Collectively, these data identify PTPN12 as a commonly inactivated tumor suppressor and provide a rationale for combinatorially targeting tyrosine kinases in TNBC and other cancers based on their profile of tyrosine phosphatase activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY01-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY01-04
The Genesis and Spread of Reassortment Human Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Conferring Adamantane Resistance
Authors: L. Simonsen, C. Viboud, B. T. Grenfell, J. Dushoff, L. Jennings, M. Smit, C. Macken, M. Hata, J. Gog, M. A. Miller, E. C. Holmes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

A dramatic rise in the frequency of resistance to adamantane drugs by influenza A (H3N2) viruses has occurred in recent years—from ∼2% to ∼90% in multiple countries worldwide—and associated with a single S31N amino acid replacement in the viral matrix M2 protein. To explore the emergence and spread of these adamantane resistant viruses we performed a phylogenetic analysis of recently sampled complete A/H3N2 genome sequences. Strikingly, all adamantane resistant viruses belonged to a single lineage (the "N-lineage") characterized by 17 amino acid replacements across the viral genome. Further, our analysis revealed that the genesis of the N-lineage was due to a 4+4 segment reassortment event involving 2 distinct lineages of influenza A/H3N2 virus. A subsequent study of hemagglutinin HA1 sequences suggested that the N-lineage was circulating widely in Asia during 2005, and then dominated the Northern hemisphere 2005-2006 season in Japan and the USA. Given the infrequent use of adamantane drugs in many countries, as well as the decades of use in the US associated with little drug resistance, we propose that the globally increasing frequency of adamantane resistance is more likely attributable to its interaction with fitness-enhancing mutations at other genomic sites rather than to direct drug selection pressure. This implies that adamantanes may not be useful for treatment and prophylaxis against influenza viruses in the long term. More generally, these findings illustrate that drug selection pressure is not the sole factor determining the evolution and maintenance of drug resistance in human pathogens.
Heart Patients I Once Knew
Authors: Henry Langhorne
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A BREECH PRESENTATION, WITH AN UNUSUAL COMPLICATION.
Authors: J. HUNTER PEAK
Journal: JAMA (1899)

July 22 at 6A.M., I was called to see Mrs. F,, aged 26, multipara, in labor. History: general health good; family history not good. She was the mother of two children; one died in a few months, and the other is about two years old. Patient had a bad fright and fall about one week before present confinement, and suffered severe pain in right side four inches external to umbilicus, until the date of this confinement. She is of Irish birth, large and angular in form, with broad pelvis; height five feet six inches; weight 140 pounds. When I arrived, she told me that labor had been in progress all night. Digital examination revealed a breech presentation, first position, the nates already engaged in the superior strait. The amniotic fluid escaped at the first examination, the membrane being then accidentally ruptured. The size and shape of the membranes is
Abstract 4499: Total synthesis of tubulysins: A new chemical reaction leads to analogues with enhanced cytotoxicity.
Authors: Iontcho Vlahov, Longwu Qi, Fei You, Spencer Hahn, Hari K. Santhapuram, Kevin Wang, Paul Kleindl, Jeremy Vaughn, Marilynn Vetzel, Joseph Reddy, Christopher Leamon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tubulysins are natural products isolated from myxobacterial species and are mitotic poisons which exceed the cell growth inhibition of any clinically relevant traditional chemotherapeutic. Structurally, tubulysins are linear tetrapeptides comprised of N-methyl pipecolic acid (Mep), isoleucine (Ile), the novel amino acid tubuvaline (Tuv), and the novel tyrosine analogue tubutyrosine (Tut). All isolated tubulysins possess an acid- and base-sensitive N-acyloxymethyl substituent not previously found in nature. This N,O-acetal of formaldehyde is attached as a side chain to the amide N-atom of the Tuv fragment. The isolation of natural tubulysins from culture extracts provides only limited quantities. Recently, we reported a large scale total synthesis of natural tubulysin B. Among the multiple synthetic and stereochemical challenges, the most striking were: a) the incorporation of the labile N,O-diacyl N,O-acetal and b) the regioselective hydrolysis of the C-terminal methyl ester (OMe) in the tripeptide Mep-Ile-Tuv-OMe. Herein, we present a convergent total synthesis of tubulysin analogues incorporating an alkoxymethyl side chain. Such molecular architecture allows for compounds that are more base and esterase inert, thus providing additional metabolic/catabolic stabilization. The key step in our synthetic strategy relies on use of a novel reagent for the efficient conversion of the N-acyloxymethyl substituent to novel side chain groups with concomitant facilitated hydrolysis of the C-terminal methyl ester. Following LiOH-based hydrolysis of the C-terminal ester, the Tut fragment is added resulting in novel tubulysin analogues. This novel process opens the door to tubulysin analogs with improved potency for treating cancer. Citation Format: Iontcho Vlahov, Longwu Qi, Fei You, Spencer Hahn, Hari K. Santhapuram, Kevin Wang, Paul Kleindl, Jeremy Vaughn, Marilynn Vetzel, Joseph Reddy, Christopher Leamon. Total synthesis of tubulysins: A new chemical reaction leads to analogues with enhanced cytotoxicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4499. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4499
Doctors and control of major releases of chemicals.
Authors: M. Harrison, J. A. Vale
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Purpose</h3> Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a higher risk of developing a cardiovascular event, due to multiple factors including a systemic inflammatory state, which is related to an accelerated process of atherosclerosis and endothelial damage. We aimed to compare the echocardiographic findings in patients with SLE and controls. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a cross-sectional study. We recruited 57 patients with SLE diagnosis according to the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria, aged ≥ 18 years and 57 matched controls by age (± 5 years) and gender. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed by two certified echocardiographers blinded to clinical information. Distribution was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Comparisons were done with Chi-square test for qualitative variables and Student’s T-test or Mann-Whitney´s U-test for quantitative variables. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. <h3>Results</h3> There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between groups, except for hypertension, which was more prevalent in SLE patients (21.1% vs 7.0%, p = 0.031) Demographic characteristics are shown in Table 1. We found a significant difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (56.50% vs 58.00%, p = 0.049), in the global longitudinal strain (GLS (-19.05% vs -21.00%, p = 0.028), in the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (22.10 mm vs 23.56 mm, p = 0.015), in the presence of diastolic dysfunction (21.1% vs 7.0%, p = 0.031) and in the presence of mitral regurgitation (24.6% vs 10.5%, p = 0.049). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with SLE had a worse left ventricular function, evaluated by LVEF and GLS, a worse right ventricular systolic function, evaluated by TAPSE, and a higher prevalence of diastolic dysfunction and mitral regurgitation, which are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death. It is important to consider including an echocardiogram as part of the cardiovascular evaluation in patients with SLE, which may result in early detection of cardiovascular abnormalities.
Total and resting energy expenditure in obese women reduced to ideal body weight.
Authors: J M Amatruda, M C Statt, S L Welle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Obesity could be due to excess energy intake or decreased energy expenditure (EE). To evaluate this, we studied 18 obese females (148 +/- 8% of ideal body weight [IBW], mean +/- SD) before and after achieving and stabilizing at IBW for at least 2 mo and a control group of 14 never obese females (< 110% of IBW or < 30% fat). In the obese, reduced obese, and never obese groups, the percent of body fat was 41 +/- 4%, 27 +/- 4%, and 25 +/- 3%; total energy expenditure (TEE) was 2704 +/- 449, 2473 +/- 495, and 2259 +/- 192 kcal/24 h; while resting metabolic rate was 1496 +/- 169, 1317 +/- 159, and 1341 +/- 103 kcal/24 h, respectively. 15 obese subjects who withdrew from the study had a mean initial body composition and EE similar to the subjects who were successful in achieving IBW. In 10 subjects followed for at least one year after stabilizing at IBW there was no significant relationship between the deviation from predicted TEE at IBW and weight regain. These studies indicate that, in a genetically heterogeneous female population, neither the propensity to become obese nor to maintain the obese state are due to an inherent metabolic abnormality characterized by a low EE.