tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Myeloid Sarcoma: A Retrospective Study From the SFGM-TC
Authors: Patrice Chevallier, Mohamad Mohty, Bruno Lioure, Gerard Michel, Nathalie Contentin, Eric Deconinck, Pierre Bordigoni, Jean-Paul Vernant, Mathilde Hunault, Stéphane Vigouroux, Didier Blaise, Reza Tabrizi, Agnes Buzyn, Gerard Socie, Mauricette Michallet, Christelle Volteau, Jean-Luc Harousseau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

This retrospective multicenter study assessed the outcome of 51 patients with myeloid sarcoma (MS) who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT).Most patients had MS presenting in conjunction with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or after AML. Six patients had isolated MS. The median time between diagnosis and alloHSCT was 8 months (range, 2.8 to 67). Forty patients were in complete remission (CR) at time of alloHSCT.With a median follow-up of 33 (range, 1 to 182) months, the Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were 47% (95% CI, 33% to 61%) and 36% (95% CI, 24% to 50%) at 5 years. Twenty patients (39%) relapsed at a median of 204 (range, 35 to 1151) days after alloHSCT, with relapse being the major cause of death. In a Cox multivariate analysis, age > or = 15 years and remission status at time of alloHSCT (CR v other) were associated with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.65; P = .003; and HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.57; P = .002, respectively).We conclude that first-line alloHSCT performed early in the course of MS is a valid therapeutic option.
New Cochrane policy tightens limits on industry funding
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A year long struggle over funding of the Cochrane Collaboration has been settled: a policy just issued by the organisation will limit industry funding.

The collaboration is an international organisation that reviews health interventions and disseminates the information worldwide. James Neilson, who co-chairs the collaboration's steering group, said the policy reflects the overwhelming consensus of members that they want a “clear separation between production of reviews and commercial sponsorship.”

Some Cochrane members opposed the move, saying the restrictions would threaten the financial viability of certain elements of the work of the Cochrane Collaboration which are currently sponsored by industry.

“We're not sure about the impact,” said Dr …
Prediction of survival for preterm births by weight and gestational age: retrospective population based study
Authors: E. S Draper, B. Manktelow, D. J Field, D. James
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To produce current data on survival of preterm infants. <b>Design:</b> Retrospective population based study. <b>Setting:</b> Trent health region. <b>Subjects:</b> All European and Asian live births, stillbirths, and late fetal losses from 22 to 32 weeks9 gestation, excluding those with major congenital malformations, in women resident in the Trent health region between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1997. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Birth weight and gestational age specific survival for both European and Asian infants <i>(a)</i> known to be alive at the onset of labour, and <i>(b)</i> admitted for neonatal care. <b>Results:</b> 738 deaths occurred in 3760 infants born between 22 and 32 weeks9 gestation during the study period, giving an overall survival rate of 80.4%. The survival rate for the 3489 (92.8%) infants admitted for neonatal care was 86.6%. For European infants known to be alive at the onset of labour, significant variations in gestation specific survival by birth weight emerged from 24 weeks9 gestation: survival ranged from 9% (95% confidence interval 7% to 13%) for infants of birth weight 250-499 g to 21% (16% to 28%) for those of 1000-1249 g. At 27 weeks9 gestation, survival ranged from 55% (49% to 61%) for infants of birth weight 500-749 g (below the 10th centile) to 80% (76% to 85%) for those of 1250-1499 g. Infants who were large for dates (≥27 weeks9 gestation) had a slightly reduced, but not significant, predicted survival. Similar survival rates were observed for Asian infants. The odds ratio for the survival of infants from a multiple birth compared with singleton infants was 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) Survival graphs for infants admitted for neonatal care are presented by sex. <b>Conclusion:</b> Easy to use birth weight and gestational age specific predicted survival graphs for preterm infants facilitate decision making for clinicians and parents. It is important that these graphs are representative, are produced for a geographically defined population, and are not biased towards the outcomes of particular centres. Such graphs, produced in two stages, allow for the changing pattern of survival of infants from the start of the intrapartum period to immediately after admission for neonatal care. <h3>Key messages</h3> Birth weight and gestational age specific predicted survival graphs for preterm infants facilitate decision making for clinicians and parents. Survival graphs should be representative and not biased towards the outcomes of particular centres. Period specific graphs allow for the changing pattern of survival from the start of the intrapartum period to the immediate period after admission for neonatal care. Causes of preterm delivery in singletons may lead to a poorer survival rate (controlled for gestation and birth weight) than those precipitated by multiple pregnancy. Survival graphs need regular updating to allow for improvements in survival of infants.
The Value of Inflammation for Predicting Unstable Angina
Authors: John F. Keaney, Joseph A. Vita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The realization that atherosclerosis is, morphologically, an inflammatory disease was originally derived from studies of animal models. Early after the initiation of an atherogenic diet in animals, monocytes adhere to the vascular endothelium and accumulate in lesion-prone arterial sites.1 This adherence of monocytes to the arterial surface is facilitated by the endothelial expression of surface proteins that are collectively known as adhesion molecules.2 Adherent monocytes are enticed into the arterial intima and differentiate into macrophages with the help of such modulators of inflammation as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which are produced locally by smooth-muscle cells. Resident . . .
TWO RARE CASES OF DISLOCATED PATELLA
Authors: C. M. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1924)

These two cases occurred within thirty days. Both were injuries to boys, aged 15 years. The literature at my disposal does not cite a similar case, and the surgical aspects were almost identical in the two cases. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —J. L. jumped on a freight train in motion, to steal a ride. With one foot in the stirrup, and the other hanging down, his knee struck against a switch light. This knocked him off, throwing him 10 or 12 feet, when the same knee struck against the end of a railroad tie. Roentgen-ray examination (Fig. 1) revealed a dislocated patella, the superior margin being driven horizontally backward and into the joint, acting as a wedge between the femur and the tibia. The quadriceps extensor tendon was probably ruptured on the first impact, the prepatellar tendon remaining intact, while the second compact with the tie drove the patella into the joint.
Endocytosis and synaptic removal of NR3A-containing NMDA receptors by PACSIN1/syndapin1
Authors: Isabel Pérez-Otaño, Rafael Luján, Steven J Tavalin, Markus Plomann, Jan Modregger, Xiao-Bo Liu, Edward G Jones, Stephen F Heinemann, Donald C Lo, Michael D Ehlers
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)
Informed Consent Waiver for Emergency Research
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE REQUIREMENT for informed consent from subjects participating in some types of clinical experimental studies is in the process of being waived. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is proposing ways to make it easier for drugs and devices to be tested under life-threatening situations where the patient is unable to give consent to participate in research. The action is prompted by growing concern that the current rules, as they are interpreted, are "making high quality acute care research difficult or impossible to carry out at a time when the need for such research is increasingly recognized," said the FDA in announcing the proposed rule. The proposal is designed to amend the rule for drug and device testing in circumstances where the patient is unable to give informed consent. It provides that an independent physician and the institutional review board (IRB) granting approval of such research agree that the study
Chorion Carcinoma after Ectopic Gestation
Authors: K. Vartan
Journal: BMJ (1950)

BRDrisJRNA 871 of Pliny, and stated that tailed races at one time or another had been reputed to have lived in South America, Asia, Africa, and Western Europe.Harrison (1901) reviewed the occurrence of tails in man and reported a case very similar to the one recorded here.R. J. McNeill Love (1934), in describing a case, suggested that such an abnormality might well be left in the hope that the bearer could use it later to earn his living in a circus.In the 14-16-mm.embryo the caudal region shows a well-marked tail projecting beyond the cloaca-the proximal part containing vertebrae, the distal part without vertebrae.The latter is termed the caudal filament, and it seems that it is the persistence and growth of this structure which gives rise to a tail.
687. In a Model of Irradiation Retreatment of the Murine Lung, Gene Therapy with Manganese Superoxide Dismutase-Plasmid Liposome (MnSOD-PL) Increases Lung Tolerance
Authors: Joel S. Greenberger, Yunyun Niu, Michael W. Epperly
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

In 30|[ndash]|50% of unresectable non-small cell lung cancer patients treated initially with irradiation, local regional reoccurrence may necessitate a second course of irradiation. The retreatment dose must be reduced to maintain normal tissue tolerance. We have previously demonstrated that intratracheal injection of MnSOD prevents irradiation damage following initial irradiation treatments. We tested administration of MnSOD-PL for effectiveness in maintaining irradiation-induced damage to the lung in a retreatment model. C57BL/6NHsd female mice were divided into two groups. One group was administered MnSOD-PL via intratracheal injection (plus irradiation to 14 Gy 24 hours later) while the second group received 14 Gy irradiation alone. The mice were then followed for the development of irradiation-induced fibrosis. In mice that received 14 Gy irradiation alone there was 50% survival at 180 days. This group was then divided into two groups with the second irradiation dose of 10 Gy to 1 group, while the second group received MnSOD-PL 24 hours before the 10 Gy dose. Mice injected with MnSOD-PL before the first treatment had an 87.5% survival at 180 days after irradiation (p = 0.003). These mice were also divided into two groups that received: 1) a second dose of 10 Gy alone or 2) MnSOD-PL 24 hours before the second dose of 10 Gy. Mice that were irradiated to 14 Gy alone in initial treatment with a second 10 Gy course and given MnSOD-PL 24 hours before the 2nd irradiation had no significant increase in survival following the second dose of irradiation. In contrast, mice given MnSOD-PL before the first dose of 14 Gy but not the second dose of 10 Gy at 180 days had a significant increase in survival compared to the 14 Gy only (no MnSOD-PL) irradiated groups (p=0.0022). Mice that received MnSOD-PL 24 hours before both irradiation courses had the most significantly increased survival compared to control irradiated mice (p < 0.0001). By 300 days after irradiation, mice which received irradiation only or mice that received MnSOD-PL only before the second dose had 11% survival. Mice treated with MnSOD before the first dose of irradiation had a survival of 31.6% while mice that received MnSOD before both irradiation courses had a survival rate of 47.6%. The data indicate that lung irradiation tolerance in a retreatment model is improved by MnSOD-PL gene therapy.
Abstract 2555: Class I β-tubulin mutations induce resistance to microtubule destabilizer through stabilization of the microtubule networks
Authors: Chun Hei Antonio Cheung, Su-Ying Wu, Chi-Yen Chang, Hsing-Pang Hsieh, Jang-Yang Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Anti-mitotic compounds such as vincristine, colchicine and paclitaxel have been developed to target microtubules in cancers. Although these compounds have been shown successful in treating various cancers, development of drug-resistance cells limits their efficacies in clinical situations. To determine possible mechanisms that are responsible for drug-resistance to microtubule de-stabilizers, KB-derived drug-resistant KB-L30 cells were developed. KB-L30 cells showed resistance to various microtubule de-stabilizers through multiple-drug resistant (MDR)-independent mechanisms. In contrast, this specific clone showed hyper-sensitized to the microtubule-stabilizer, paclitaxel. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, RT-PCR and DNA sequencing revealed no mutation on exon 1, 2 and 3 of βI-tubulin. Surprisingly, six novel mutation sites were found present in the exon 4 of βI-tubulin gene. Transfection of the βI-tubulin-mutated construct into KB cells demonstrated that these mutations could alter its sensitivity to the microtubule de-stabilizer, BPR0L075, in vitro. On the other hand, western blot analysis revealed increased microtubule assembly and reduced microtubule dynamic instability in KB-L30 cells when compared to its parental KB cells. In addition, computational modeling indicated that a direct relationship exists between tubulin mutations and alteration in the microtubule assembly and dynamic instability in KB-L30 cells. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that mutations in exon 4 of βI-tubulin induced resistance to microtubule de-stabilizers and hyper-sensitivity to microtubule stabilizer through an alteration in the microtubule assembly and dynamics in cancer cells. The results of this study have important implications for the development of future anti-mitotic compounds that are able to target microtubule mutation-induced drug-resistant cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2555.
GIANT CENTROSPHERES IN DEGENERATING MESENCHYME CELLS OF TISSUE CULTURES
Authors: Warren H. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

1. Degenerating mesenchyme cells in tissue cultures cultivated in various modifications of Locke's solution often have giant centrospheres. 2. These giant centrospheres develop gradually around the centriole and in their most complete condition consist of centriole, medullary zone, and cortical zone. 3. Preceding the appearance of the centrosphere the centriole is surrounded by degeneration granules or granules and vacuoles, and as the centrosphere develops these are forced first to the periphery of the medullary zone and latter, when it develops, to the periphery of the cortical zone. 4. The mitochondria become orientated about the centriole and centrosphere, at first more or less radially, later concentrically. They change from threads to rods and granules. 5. The giant centrospheres and cancer cell inclusions (Plimmer's bodies, etc.) are identical.
Re: Rodolfo Montironi, Roberta Mazzuccelli, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, et al. Cystic Nephroma and Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumour of the Kidney: Opposite Ends of the Spectrum of the Same Entity? Eur Urol 2008;54:1237–46
Authors: Milan Hora, Michal Michal, Ondřej Hes
Journal: European Urology (2009)
RESPIRATION OF TYPHUS RICKETTSIAE
Authors: Marianna R. Bovarnick, John C. Snyder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

Partially purified suspensions of typhus rickettsiae have been shown to exhibit metabolic activity as evidenced by consumption of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide in the presence of glutamate. Similar activity at a much lower rate occurs in the presence of pyruvate. The rate of oxygen uptake was directly proportional to the concentration of viable rickettsiae, as estimated by their toxicity for mice. Normal yolk sac suspensions prepared in the same manner showed only a very slight oxygen uptake under the same conditions. Glucose was not metabolized by the rickettsial suspensions.
Beta-adrenergic Blockade in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: G. Cherian, I. F. Brockington, P. M. Shah, C. M. Oakley, J. F. Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is a disorder of ventricular muscle characterized by asymmetrical hypertrophy and unusually rapid ventricular ejection of a normal stroke volume (Goodwin et al., 1960; Braunwald et al., 1964). The presence of a systolic gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta has been taken as evidence of obstruction of the ventricular outflow tract, but recent observations suggest that the.pressure gradient may be due to continuing contraction in areas of the ventricle which have been completely emptied early in systole (Criley et al., 1965). The hypertrophy also leads to a restrictive effect with a high ventricular filling pressure. On clinical and haemodynamic grounds the presentation may be purely obstructive, occasionally purely restrictive, or, more often, a mixed form with varying combinations of obstruction and restriction.
QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL SEVERITY OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES AND TRANSMURAL MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW GRADIENT: A H2150 PET STUDY
Authors: Ibrahim Danad, Pieter G. Raijmakers, Hendrik J. Harms, Niels van Royen, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Mark Lubberink, Albert C. van Rossum, Paul Knaapen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Next 25 Years
Authors: Daniel G. Haller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

During the last year, Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO) celebrated its first 25 years of publication by reproducing articles from 1983, JCO’s first year of publication, with concurrent commentary by the original authors of those articles. With little editorial direction, all of the authors wrote pieces that inform the history of oncology. Each took a unique approach, giving each article a truly personal perspective on the evolution of our specialty. As a body of literature, they represent the history of oncology. As such, they should be required reading for all who care for patients with cancer, and most particularly for those who have trained recently and may not have known or interacted with the people who defined oncology as a discipline. For each article, at least one of the original authors wrote a commentary, with the exception of Charles (Chuck) G. Moertel’s “Treatment of the Carcinoid Tumor and the Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome.” This is one of the best examples of medical writing in JCO or in any other medical journal. Larry K. Kvols, who worked with Chuck Moertel at the Mayo Clinic for 18 years, was gracious enough to write the commentary for the original 1983 article. When Chuck died, we lost one of our best writers, teachers, and clinical researchers. For those unfortunate enough not to have heard his Karnofsky Memorial Lecture on the topic of gut neuroendocrine tumors, “An Odyssey in the Land of Small Tumors,” JCO published the text of his lecture in 1987. This is not the place to review the entire series of articles—we hope that you will read your print copy or go to www.jco.org and access these articles under “25th Anniversary Celebration” on the home page. Their breadth reflects the amazing job Joe Bertino, MD, JCO’s first Editor-in-Chief, did in attracting seminal papers in oncology. In his editorial published in the January 1, 2008, edition of the Journal, Joe Bertino reflected on what then seemed a daunting task: “...by begging and calling and twisting arms, we persuaded some outstanding investigators to send their ‘good stuff ’ to JCO. So the first issue had a number of seminal papers/reviews by Gianni Bonadonna, Saul Rosenberg, Ray Warrell and Joe Burchenal, and Ian Tannock and Kevin Murphy.” Joe Bertino certainly succeeded. The fledgling JCO published many outstanding articles that likely would have gone to more established journals, making my task of selecting articles to be reproduced throughout this anniversary year—save this last issue— really quite easy. The current editors of JCO will be interested to see whether future editors will recapitulate this series or the concept of it for JCO’s 50th Anniversary Celebration. More importantly, we hope that all of the current readers and editors have had or will have the same pleasure in reading the articles and commentaries as we did throughout 2008.
Increased vascular responsiveness to norepinephrine in rats with heart failure is endothelium dependent. Dissociation of basal and stimulated nitric oxide release.
Authors: J R Teerlink, G A Gray, M Clozel, J P Clozel
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction and abnormal vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictors may play an important role in chronic heart failure (CHF). The purpose of our study was to (1) evaluate whether the vascular response to norepinephrine is abnormal in a rat model of heart failure; (2) investigate the role of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors; and (3) assess the contribution of the endothelium, and specifically endothelium-derived nitric oxide, to this response. METHODS AND RESULTS Concentration-response curves of rat thoracic aortic rings were studied in isolated organ baths at 1 week after coronary artery ligation. In CHF rats, norepinephrine-induced contractions were increased in intact rings compared with rings from sham rats, despite decreased contraction in denuded rings. Decreased alpha 1-receptor sensitivity was demonstrated by the increased EC50 of methoxamine in endothelium-denuded rings from CHF rats, although maximal responses to KCl contraction were also decreased in CHF. There was no difference in the vascular response to clonidine, and acetylcholine-mediated relaxations were preserved in CHF rats, suggesting normal stimulated nitric oxide release. However, nitric oxide synthase inhibition with N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, as well as measurements of basal cGMP, demonstrated that basal nitric oxide release was decreased in CHF rats. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the increased vascular responsiveness to norepinephrine in intact vessels from rats with heart failure is the result of decreased basal nitric oxide release and suggests that the dissociation of basal and stimulated nitric oxide release may play a pathophysiology role at an early stage of heart failure.
Reabsorption of Sodium Chloride — Lessons from the Chloride Channels
Authors: Daniel G. Bichet, T. Mary Fujiwara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Under normal conditions, most of the sodium chloride filtered by the kidney (often more than 99 percent) is reabsorbed, and one can think of the tubular functions that permit this reabsorption as involving salt (solute) and water (solvent). When salt is lost, water goes along with it, and the various salt-losing tubulopathies are often very difficult to control. These conditions can be distinguished by their symptoms and biochemical characteristics, which has been helpful in their management.Hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies (called Bartter's syndromes) are a group of clinically and genetically distinct inherited renal disorders.1 In 1962, Bartter and colleagues detailed the . . .
A randomized trial of intravenous glutamine supplementation in trauma ICU patients
Authors: Jon Pérez-Bárcena, Pedro Marsé, Arturo Zabalegui-Pérez, Esther Corral, Rubén Herrán-Monge, María Gero-Escapa, Mercedes Cervera, Juan Antonio Llompart-Pou, Ignacio Ayestarán, Joan Maria Raurich, Antonio Oliver, Antonio Buño, Abelardo García de Lorenzo, Guiem Frontera
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)