tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
801 A PRIMARY CULTURE ADULT HUMAN LIVER SLICES: AN EX VIVO MODEL OF HCV DE NOVO INFECTION
Authors: S. Lagaye, H. Shen, J. Gaston, P. Bourdoncle, L. Hannoun, P.P. Massault, A. Vallet-Pichard, V. Mallet, S. Pol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Grossly Abnormal Liver-Spleen Scan in a Patient with Veno-occlusive Disease of the Liver that Normalized Completely on Follow-up
Authors: MUKESH J. JOSHI, PATRICK V. FORD, JOHN M. VOGEL, CALVIN L. LUTRIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A case of veno-occlusive disease of the liver of unknown etiology is reported. In the case, the gross abnormality of liver parenchyma, ascites, and colloid shift to spleen, bones, and lungs found on a Tc-99m SC liver-spleen scan, and confirmed on liver biopsy, resolved completely on follow-up. Histologic correlation and a brief review of the literature are presented.
Epicardial potential mapping. Effects of conducting media on isopotential and isochrone distributions.
Authors: L S Green, B Taccardi, P R Ershler, R L Lux
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Epicardial excitation sequences, recovery sequences, and potential distributions are recorded from patients during surgery and from animals in the research laboratory for a variety of purposes. During such recordings, a portion of the cardiac surface is exposed to air, and the remainder of the epicardial surface variably is in contact with conductive tissue. No systematic studies document the degree to which these different conditions affect measured excitation times, potential distributions, and/or the configuration of epicardial electrograms. METHODS AND RESULTS Epicardial potential distribution was recorded from five isolated, perfused hearts using a 64-unipolar-lead sock. Data were recorded first with the heart suspended in air and then with the heart immersed in a heated tank filled sequentially to full and half-full levels with conductive Tyrode's solution and then NaCl-sucrose solution. These solutions had resistivity less than and more than that of blood, respectively, and air was assumed to have infinite resistivity. Epicardial potentials were recorded from two hearts before removal from the chest, both with and without a latex sheet insulating the heart from the pericardial cradle. Amplitude of recorded potentials from both intact and isolated hearts was markedly higher when the heart was surrounded by an insulating medium, but locations of positive and negative regions were less affected by surrounding medium. Isochrone activation maps calculated using the minimum derivative of the QRS (intrinsic deflection) were not affected by the conductivity of media surrounding the heart. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that isochrone maps recorded at surgery are not distorted by exposure of the cardiac surface to insulating air. Results suggest that epicardial isochrones recorded during cardiac surgery could be used in patients to assess the accuracy of "inverse" procedures that noninvasively compute epicardial electrograms and isochrones from body surface potentials.
Oncogenic association of the Cbp/PAG adaptor protein with the Lyn tyrosine kinase in human B-NHL rafts
Authors: Sebastien Tauzin, Heidrun Ding, Karim Khatib, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Dimitri Burdevet, Gerhild van Echten-Deckert, Jonathan A. Lindquist, Burkhart Schraven, Nasir-ud- Din, Bettina Borisch, Daniel C. Hoessli
Journal: Blood (2007)
Genetic Analysis of Autosomal Dominant Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: A. Marks, H. Meyerson, B. Grimbacher, R.W. Hostoffer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)

RATIONALE: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is an acquired hypogammaglobullinema occurring by immune dysregulation resulting in impaired secretion of immunoglobulins. CVID may present itself with different inheritance patterns. We report a kindred of 11 affected members spanning 2 generations. METHODS: A total of 14 siblings and a father of one family unit were evaluated for CVID. Serum immunoglobulin, IgG subclasses, antibody responses and lymphocyte enumerations were performed commercially. The serum was sent for further testing including flow cytometry, linkage analysis, genotyping, and co-stimulatory testing. RESULTS: Eleven of the 15 family members met the criteria for CVID based on laboratory data. Each affected family member presented differently within the wide spectrum of CVID. Three of the children needed IVIG infusions. Chromosome number 3q is the likely site of the genetic defect. Initially Both CD80 and CD86 were of great interest in this kindred of CVID, however, flow cytometry analysis proved to demonstrate the defect lies in a different region. Additional genotyping and linkage analysis is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS: We report the largest familial pedigree afflicted with CVID. With results from genetic analysis of this family the following conclusions were made. The family was excluded from the chromosome 4q mutation from D4S405 to D4s 1652 and excluded from links to the chromosome 116q locus between D16S2616 and D16S12621. This family is also unlikely to suffer from TACI deficiency since neither D17S122 nor D17S187 show linkage. With gene sequencing ongoing this family will most likely represent a new genetic locus for CVID.
The Trials of Medicare Physician Payment Reform
Authors: Philip R. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1991)

IS MEDICARE physician payment reform in jeopardy? Physicians' organizations, including the American Medical Association (AMA), specialty societies, and state medical associations, have expressed alarm about the content of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that was published on June 5 by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to implement the Medicare Fee Schedule. For editorial comment see p 1566. What are the problems that are causing so much concern among physicians? Did physicians misinterpret the 1989 legislation that reformed physician payment? Or did HCFA propose rules that do not reflect the intent of Congress and fall short of physicians' expectations concerning accurate resource-based relative values? In this Commentary, we discuss these issues from the perspective of the Physician Payment Review Commission (PPRC). <h3>Background</h3> In December 1989, Congress passed a comprehensive physician payment reform for Medicare that included a resource-based fee schedule, limits on balance billing, and a mechanism to update
Influence of Isoxsuprine On Muscle Blood Flow
Authors: A. Amery
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Strandness has shown in a recent communication (213:86-88, 1970) that, in 20 patients with intermittent claudication and atherosclerosis obliterans, the ankle systolic blood pressure at rest or the response of this pressure to exercise was not significantly different during the placebo period and the four-week period during which the patients were treated with an orally administered daily dose of 20 mg of isoxsuprine. Based on this randomized study he concluded that the drug was ineffective for patients with intermittent claudication.  We have studied the influence of an intravenous injection of isoxsuprine on the muscle blood flow in normal volunteers and in patients with intermittent claudication. The blood flow in the musculus tibialis anterior was determined using the method of Lassen et al (1964)1both at rest and after ischemic exercise, ie, rhythmic extreme flexion and extension in the ankle joint while a cuff with a
Neuropilin-2 Promotes Extravasation and Metastasis by Interacting with Endothelial α5 Integrin
Authors: Ying Cao, Luke H. Hoeppner, Steven Bach, Guangqi E, Yan Guo, Enfeng Wang, Jianmin Wu, Mark J. Cowley, David K. Chang, Nicola Waddell, Sean M. Grimmond, Andrew V. Biankin, Roger J. Daly, Xiaohui Zhang, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Metastasis, the leading cause of cancer death, requires tumor cell intravasation, migration through the bloodstream, arrest within capillaries, and extravasation to invade distant tissues. Few mechanistic details have been reported thus far regarding the extravasation process or re-entry of circulating tumor cells at metastatic sites. Here, we show that neuropilin-2 (NRP-2), a multifunctional nonkinase receptor for semaphorins, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and other growth factors, expressed on cancer cells interacts with α5 integrin on endothelial cells to mediate vascular extravasation and metastasis in zebrafish and murine xenograft models of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In tissue from patients with RCC, NRP-2 expression is positively correlated with tumor grade and is highest in metastatic tumors. In a prospectively acquired cohort of patients with pancreatic cancer, high NRP-2 expression cosegregated with poor prognosis. Through biochemical approaches as well as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), we describe a unique mechanism through which NRP-2 expressed on cancer cells interacts with α5 integrin on endothelial cells to mediate vascular adhesion and extravasation. Taken together, our studies reveal a clinically significant role of NRP-2 in cancer cell extravasation and promotion of metastasis.
Motor vehicle driving among diabetics taking insulin and non-diabetics.
Authors: A. B. Stevens, M. Roberts, R. McKane, A. B. Atkinson, P. M. Bell, J. R. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether rates of road traffic accidents were higher in diabetics treated with insulin than in non-diabetic subjects. DESIGN--Controlled, five year retrospective survey. SETTING--Diabetic, dermatology, and gastroenterology outpatient clinics. PATIENTS--596 Diabetics treated with insulin (354 drivers) aged 18-65 attending two clinics and 476 non-diabetic outpatients (302 drivers). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Rates of accidents in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. RESULTS--A self completed questionnaire was used to record age, sex, driving state, and rates of accidents and convictions for motoring offences among diabetic and non-diabetic volunteers. For the diabetic volunteers further information was obtained on treatment, experience of hypoglycaemia, and declaration of disability to the Driving and Vehicle Licensing Centre and their insurance company. Accident rates were similar (81 (23%) diabetic and 76 (25%) non-diabetic drivers had had accidents in the previous five years). A total of 103 diabetic drivers had recognised hypoglycaemic symptoms while driving during the previous year. Only 12 reported that hypoglycaemia had ever caused an accident. Overall, 249 had declared their diabetes to an insurance company. Of these, 107 had been required to pay an increased premium, but there was no excess of accidents in this group. CONCLUSIONS--Diabetic drivers treated with insulin and attending clinics have no more accidents than non-diabetic subjects and may be penalised unfairly by insurance companies.
EPHRINA2 RECEPTOR IN HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CANCER STEM CELLS AND IDENTIFICATION OF NEW, PUTATIVE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
Authors: A. L. Vescovi, E. Binda, T. Mazza, F. Dimeco
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Human glioblastomas (hGBMs) have been shown to embody a relatively small subset of cells which bear the defining features of somatic stem cells and the ability to establish, expand and perpetuate these tumors. They are defined cancer stem cell or tumor propagating cells (TPCs). This has caused a paradigmatic shift in the way we interpret hGBM physiology, for it identifies TPCs as a major culprit to be tackled for the development of novel therapeutics. Hence, we inferred that the study of regulatory mechanisms of normal neurogenesis may lead us to identify specific inhibitors of TPCs. METHODS: TPCs from human GBMs were used to determine the role of a neural stem cell regulator, the EphA2 receptor, in modulating self-renewal and tumorigenicity. We used a combined series of in vitro experiments which include primary tissue cultures, FACS analysis, next generation sequencing screening and in vivo, orthotopic xenografting experiments entailing the intracerebral delivery of putative therapeutic agents. RESULTS: We determined the over-expression of the Ephrin receptor type A2 (EphA2) in hGBM TPCs. EphA2 upregulation causally underlies self-renewal and expansion of the TPCs pool. Most important, both the EphA2 cognate ligand ephrinA1-Fc causes EphA2 downregulation in TPCs and suppress TPC self-renewal and intracranial tumorigenicity. This points to EphA2 as a key effector in TPCs self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Notably, intracranial administration of ephrinA1-Fc causes both down-regulation of EphA2 in hGBMs orthotopic xenografts pre-established in mice, whose growth and expansion throughout the brain parenchyma is significantly hindered in the absence of cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: We identify TPCs as a major target of EphA2 overexpression in hGBM, that drives their self-renewal and tumorigenicity. We propose TPCs as a specific cellular target in which enforced down-regulation of a molecular target such as EphA2 may be exploited for therapeutic purposes, under therapy-like scenarios. In addition cytofluorimetric sorting into EphA2-high and EphA2-low populations demonstrates that EphA2 expression correlates with the size of the hGBM, TPC pool and that this can be used to purify TPCs. We have exploited this technique in a comparative next generation sequencing approach, in which the transcriptomic profile of purified TPCs was compared to that of their non-tumorigenic siblings from the same FACS preparation. We identified a series of putative TPC critical regulators involved in self-renewal and invasion. This investigation is being deepened and the most cogent findings on this subject will be discussed in our presentation. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics.
URINARY INCONTINENCE.THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN FORMS BY THE FORMATION OF A VESICO-VAGINO-RECTAL FISTULA, COMBINED WITH CLOSURE OF THE INTROITUS VAGINÆ.
Authors: REUBEN PETERSON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Incontinence of urine in the woman is usually due to a vesico-vaginal fistula. The ordinary varieties of such fistulæ are easily cured by plastic surgery if modern methods be employed. Even large fistulæ involving a considerable portion of the vesico-vaginal septum and surrounded by dense scar tissue can be successfully closed by loosening the attachments of the bladder, separating this viscus from the vaginal wall and closing the rent in the bladder wall by a separate suture. But there always will remain cases where the neck of the bladder and portions of the urethra have been so destroyed as to preclude the restoration of the sphincter urinæ muscle, so that continence will be established. Under such circumstances the surgeon must consider the following procedures: 1. He can construct by a plastic operation an urethra which will serve as a channel for the urine, but leaves the patient without control of
Prevalence of Reduced Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Among the Oldest Old From 1988-1994 Through 2005-2010
Authors: C. Barrett Bowling, Pradeep Sharma, Caroline S. Fox, Ann M. O’Hare, Paul Muntner
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Recent studies have shown that older adults with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m 2 have a high prevalence of concurrent complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increased risk for adverse outcomes including mortality, cardiovascular disease, and kidney failure. 1,2 A prior study demonstrated an increase in CKD prevalence between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004 for the general US population. 3 However, trends in CKD prevalence have not been reported for the oldest old (defined as ≥80 years).People aged 80 years or older often have complex medical, social, and psychological needs and substantial requirements for health care resources.This group represents an increasing challenge to the health care system.
DNA polymerase β in human thyroid of Graves' disease and thyroid tumors
Authors: Akio Nagasaka, Shonen Yoshida, Akira Nakai, Takako Ohyama, Katsumi Iwase, Susumu Ohtani, Shigehiro Shinoda, Rumi Masunaga, Hifumi Nakagawa
Journal: Metabolism (1988)
THE PORTALS OF ENTRY OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS, ESPECIALLY IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: E. Emrys-Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1913)

rFEB. , T9.3.~~~~~_ no doubt correctly, described as functional disturbaniec due to the menopause.It must be remembered that mnany cases of true cxoplitlhalmiic goitre begin about thlis timle of life.We know also lhow intimate is the relation between the sexual functions anid the tlhyroicl gland.It tlherefore seemiis probable tlhat the ordinary menopause symptoms, whliel so closely r:esomble those of hyperthyroidisin, are largely tlle result of tem-porary lhypertliyroidisnm.Treatm)ent.As regards thle treatiment of these atypical cases, it dliffers in nio mliaterial respect from tllat of tlle flully developed disease.I do not propose to oceuLy your timiie with this aspect of tlhe sul)ject, bu-t I should lilke to ask the mnembers to give a trial to the x-rav treatmenit.This procedcure seemiis to offer a fair prospect of reduciing the activity of the glanid, withloui'!lhaving to sl bl)ject the patient to the risk of an.operation for the 1)1urpose of remiioving a portion of th'J glan or ligaturing somlle of its Vessels.Finally, I woild suggest 'chat the iname "cxoplhtllalmic ,oi.re'' be as far as possible discarded, and(l that tlle condition be spokeln and tlhotughlt of as " lhypertlhyroi(lismii.' "ihis teriii wouild inielude all degrees of tllc abniormiial conidi- tioln, wllile tlhe miiore usual description, " exoplhtlmiC goitre," miierely siuggests two of the chiief, but by no mneans thlc milost constaint, symptoms.
The Treatment of Malignant Tumours by the Toxins of the Streptococcus Erysipelatis and Bacillus Prodigiosus
Authors: J. Swain
Journal: BMJ (1895)

ERYSIPELAS TOXINS IN MALIGNANT TUMOURS.I 70-141b - -about two years, and had had no children and no mis- carriages.About eight years ago the patient noticed for the first time -and quite by accident a swelling in the left iliac region.It was about the size of a hen's egg when she first felt it.For a month or two it increased in size slightly, then ceased -growing and remained stationary until she became pregnant at the end of February.On February 19th she menstruated for the last time.Three or four weeks after she began to be troubled with morning sickness, and about the middle of June she felt fcetal movements for the first time.She was -quite satisfied that she was pregnant; but what troubled her was the fact that her abdomen became so rapidly distended.It was, however, during the six or seven weeks previous to her admission into hospital that the distension seemed to -increase most rapidly.Her general condition on admission was not very satis- -factory.There was great aedema of the legs and thighs but apparently no ascites.There was some dyspncea.The mucous membranes were of a good colour.She had no diffi- culty in passing urine but her bowels had been very consti- pated.There was nothing abnormal in the lungs and heart;
Antibiotic use and the development of Crohn's disease
Authors: T Card, R F A Logan, L C Rodrigues, J G Wheeler
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Few environmental determinants of Crohn's disease are well established. Some observational data exist to implicate antibiotic use as a risk factor but these are derived from studies using questionnaires to assess reported antibiotic use that were susceptible to recall bias. We have therefore explored this relationship in prospectively gathered data. <b>Methods:</b> We selected incident cases of Crohn's disease from the General Practice Research Database with at least five years of data prior to diagnosis. Controls with five years of complete data were randomly selected. Data were extracted on smoking, drug prescriptions, age, sex, and a variety of symptoms and diagnoses that might be indicative of occult Crohn's disease. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between antibiotic use and Crohn's disease. <b>Results:</b> A total of 587 Crohn's disease cases and 1460 controls were available for analysis. We found that antibiotic use 2–5 years pre-diagnosis occurred in 71% of cases compared with 58% of controls (p&lt;0.001), and the median number of courses was two in the cases and one in the controls (p&lt;0.001). Adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and use of other drugs, antibiotic use had an odds ratio of 1.32 (1.05–1.65). We were unable to show specificity to any subgroup of antibacterials. Associations similar to that with antibiotics were also found with oral contraceptive, cardiovascular, and neurological drugs. <b>Conclusions:</b> We found a statistically significant association between Crohn's disease and prior antibiotic use. This cannot be explained by recall bias, but due to lack of specificity it is unclear whether it is causal.
Sexual differentiation of callosal size: Hormonal mechanisms and the choice of an animal model
Authors: M. J. Baum, S. A. Tobet
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Studies of callosal sexual differentiation have concentrated on global measures of callosal size, using the rat as a model for studies of potential hormonal mechanisms. It is time to shift the study of callosal sexual differentiation to a more cellular level. Finally, there are potential problems with using the female rat as the primary model for understanding hormonal mechanisms during postnatal life.
DISTRIBUTION OF DERMATOPHYTES AND CANDIDA SPORES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: GILLIAN MIDGLEY, YVONNE M. CLAYTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The dispersal into the environment of spores of dermatophytes and Candida albicans from patients with mycotic skin infections is demonstrated by the culture of samples from the air and from normal areas of the body. C. albicans is found to be recovered more frequently than dermatophytes. The recovery of these fungi is also recorded from sweep plates of bedding and brush samples of the scalps of normal children in communities which harbour cases of scalp ringworm.
A randomized controlled trial of colchicine plus ursodiol versus methotrexate plus ursodiol in primary biliary cirrhosis: Ten-year results
Authors: Marshall M. Kaplan, Steven Cheng, Lori Lyn Price, Peter A. L. Bonis
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Primary biliary cirrhosis frequently progresses despite treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the only approved therapy. Previous studies suggested that colchicine and methotrexate may improve biochemical tests of liver function, symptoms, and liver histology. The aim of the present study was to determine if the addition of colchicine or methotrexate to UDCA would improve survival free of liver transplantation. Eighty-five patients with histologically confirmed primary biliary cirrhosis whose serum alkaline phosphatase levels were at least twice the normal level and who were not yet candidates for liver transplantation were randomly assigned to receive colchicine or methotrexate in a double-blind study. UDCA was administered to all patients after 2 years. The primary end point was survival free of liver transplantation. Patients were followed up for a total of up to 10 years or until treatment failure. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Transplant-free survival was similar in both groups: 0.57 for colchicine plus UDCA and 0.44 for methotrexate plus UDCA, results that are similar to those predicted by the Mayo prognostic model. Significant improvement in liver biochemical tests and liver histology was observed in a subset of patients in both treatment groups who remained in the study for all 10 years. In conclusion, neither colchcine plus UDCA nor methotrexate plus UDCA improved survival beyond that predicted by the Mayo prognostic model. However, clinical, histologic, and biochemical improvement observed among those who remained in the study for 10 years suggests a possible benefit of these drugs in a subset of patients. (Hepatology 2004;39:915-923.)