tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of spinal cord stimulation in angina pectoris induced by pacing and possible mechanisms of action.
Authors: C Mannheimer, T Eliasson, B Andersson, C H Bergh, L E Augustinsson, H Emanuelsson, F Waagstein
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To investigate the effects of spinal cord stimulation on myocardial ischaemia, coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption in angina pectoris induced by atrial pacing.The heart was paced to angina during a control phase and treatment with spinal cord stimulation. Blood samples were drawn from a peripheral artery and the coronary sinus.Multidisciplinary pain centre, department of medicine, Ostra Hospital, and Wallenberg Research Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.Twenty patients with intractable angina pectoris, all with a spinal cord stimulator implanted before the study.Spinal cord stimulation increased patients' tolerance to pacing (p < 0.001). At the pacing rate comparable to that producing angina during the control recording, myocardial lactate production during control session turned into extraction (p = 0.003) and, on the electrocardiogram, ST segment depression decreased, time to ST depression increased, and time to recovery from ST depression decreased (p = 0.01; p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively). Spinal cord stimulation also reduced coronary sinus blood flow (p = 0.01) and myocardial oxygen consumption (p = 0.02). At the maximum pacing rate during treatment, all patients experienced anginal pain. Myocardial lactate extraction reverted to production (p < 0.01) and the magnitude and duration of ST segment depression increased to the same values as during control pacing, indicating that myocardial ischaemia during treatment with spinal cord stimulation gives rise to anginal pain.Spinal cord stimulation has an anti-anginal and anti-ischaemic effect in severe coronary artery disease. These effects seem to be secondary to a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption. Furthermore, myocardial ischemia during treatment gives rise to anginal pain. Thus, spinal cord stimulation does not deprive the patient of a warning signal.
Diagnostic X-ray Procedures and Risk of Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: John D. Boice, Michele M. Morin, Andrew G. Glass, Gary D. Friedman, Marilyn Stovall, Robert N. Hoover, Joseph F. Fraumeni
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Exposure to diagnostic x-rays and the risk of leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma were studied within two prepaid health plans. Adult patients with leukemia (n = 565), NHL (n = 318), and multiple myeloma (n = 208) were matched to controls (n = 1390), and over 25,000 x-ray procedures were abstracted from medical records. Dose response was evaluated by assigning each x-ray procedure a score based on estimated bone marrow dose. X-ray exposure was not associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, one of the few malignant conditions never linked to radiation (relative risk [RR], 0.66). For all other forms of leukemia combined (n = 358), there was a slight elevation in risk (RR, 1.17) but no evidence of a dose-response relationship when x-ray procedures near the time of diagnosis were excluded. Similarly, patients with NHL were exposed to diagnostic x-ray procedures more often than controls (RR, 1.32), but the RR fell to 0.99 when the exposure to diagnostic x-ray procedures within 2 years of diagnosis was ignored. For multiple myeloma, overall risk was not significantly high (RR, 1.14), but there was consistent evidence of increasing risk with increasing numbers of diagnostic x-ray procedures. These data suggest that persons with leukemia and NHL undergo x-ray procedures frequently just prior to diagnosis for conditions related to the development or natural history of their disease. There was little evidence that diagnostic x-ray procedures were causally associated with leukemia or NHL. The risk for multiple myeloma, however, was increased among those patients who were frequently exposed to x-rays.
A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Metal Stents for Malignant Obstruction of the Common Bile Duct
Authors: K. Knyrim, H. J. Wagner, J. Pausch, N. Vakil
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Endoscopic insertion of biliary stents is the preferred method of palliation for inoperable malignant biliary obstruction; however, migration and clogging are frequent problems with conventional endoprostheses. We sought to determine if expandable metal stents offer improved palliation compared to conventional stents. Sixty-two patients with common bile duct lesions were randomized to receive polyethylene or metal stents. Stents were placed endoscopically or by the combined percutaneous-endoscopic route. Early results (< 1 month) were similar in both groups. Long-term follow-up (n = 28 polyethylene, median: 5 months; n = 27 metal, median: 5 months) showed a higher stent failure rate in the polyethylene (n = 12; 43%) compared to the metal group (n = 6; 22%). The incidence of cholangitis was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the polyethylene (n = 10; 36%) compared to the metal group (n = 4; 15%). Life-table analysis showed a significantly reduced incidence of stent failure (p = 0.0035) in the metal stent compared to the polyethylene group. The total duration of hospital stay for treatment of stent related problems was significantly higher in the polyethylene (11.8 +/- 3 days) compared to the metal group (4 +/- 1.9 days; p = 0.02). The costs for retreatment because of stent failure were significantly higher in the plastic (DM 5900 +/- 1516) compared to the metal group (DM 2070 +/- 977). As a result, the overall costs (treatment of stent related complications & stents) were higher in the polyethylene group (DM 6000 +/- 1500).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency due to a catalytically inactive mutant M-type subunit
Authors: A. Zanella, M. Mariani, G. Meola, G. Fagnani, G. Sirchia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract A case of M‐type PFK deficiency due to the synthesis of a structurally abnormal and catalytically inactive M‐subunit was reported. PFK activity was reduced (39% of normal) in red cells, normal in leukocytes and platelets, and absent in muscle. The red cell enzyme was not inhibited by antiserum to human muscle PFK and displayed normal biochemical properties (Km for ATP and fructose‐6‐phosphate, storage stability at + 4°C and −80°C, optimum pH, electrophoretic pattern and molecular weight). The complete lack of PFK activity in muscle was confirmed on both histological preparations and muscle extracts. Double immunodiffusion analysis using an antinormal M‐PFK serum revealed that the enzyme molecule was present and immunologically identical with normal, although it was catalytically inactive. The muscle abnormality was also confirmed by electromyography, ischemic exercise testing, histochemistry and electron microscopy. Moreover, PFK activity was investigated in myoblast cultures maintained up to 25 days, and it was found to be absent.
SINGLE CELL INOCULATIONS WITH TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
Authors: Clarence S. Thomas, Hugh J. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

The injection of one or several Treponema pallidum into the testicles of rabbits does not induce syphilitic infection. A negative tissue transfer experiment does not preclude the presence of Treponema pallidum in the inoculum nor does it indicate the absence of syphilis in the source animal.
Electrocardiographic Findings in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: ALBERT J. JOSSELSON, RAYMOND D. PRUITT
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The electrocardiographic findings were analyzed in 15 patients found at the time of necropsy to have deposits of amyloid in the heart. Although 12 of the 15 tracings were regarded as abnormal, changes which could be held to be specific to cardiac amyloidosis have not been defined. The most common alterations encountered were auricular fibrillation, QRS complexes and T waves of low amplitude in the standard limb leads, and impaired auriculoventricular conduction.
Patient's charter.
Authors: B Stocking
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Future work will have to define which groups of patients will benefit from anabolic treatment and at what cost.In severely burnt children treatment with growth hormone lasted 32 days'0; a similar course of treatment for an adult would cost about £6000.Critically ill patients and those who are hypercatabolic because of long term treatment with steroids, chronic liver and renal failure, or burns are the groups in whom anabolic treatment might have the greatest impact.No serious complications of treatment with recombinant growth hormone have been reported so far, and, although such treatment consistently raises concentrations of insulin,'01' 17 insulin resistance has not proved to be clinically important.Insulin-like growth factor 1 is a potent mitogen in vitro, and the possibility that it might potentiate the spread of cancer requires long term evaluation."Eating people is wrong," sang Michael Flanders and Donald Swann, and autocannibalism may also be bad for you.Treatment with growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor 1 holds out the prospect of preventing autocannibalism by improving the efficiency with which the body handles nutritional supplementation.
Meconium Peritonitis with Survival
Authors: Vincent A. Gorman, Michael A. Dean
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

MECONIUM peritonitis is a result of intestinal perforation, which may occur during uterine life, at birth or shortly after birth. When the cause is obstruction of or in the intestinal tract the perforation usually occurs some time before birth. It is detected by x-ray evidence of calcium deposits in the peritoneal cavity secondary to the sterile peritonitis. When the cause is not associated with obstruction, perforation occurs immediately before, during or after birth.1 It is manifested by increasing abdominal distention due to pneumoperitoneum.The mortality is high.2 In 1943 the first successful operation for meconium peritonitis was reported, and, since . . .
The Mourning Response of Parents to the Death of a Newborn Infant
Authors: John H. Kennell, Howard Slyter, Marshall H. Klaus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

We observed the reactions of mothers to the loss of a newborn infant and explored the strength of the affectional ties between mothers and their infants before the first physical contact. Twenty women were interviewed after the death of the infant; every mother mourned even when her baby was nonviable and lived for only an hour. There were no unduly upsetting effects of early tactile contact in emotionally healthy mothers. A high degree of mourning was most often found in mothers who were pleased to be pregnant and who had previously lost a baby. There was also, possibly, a higher degree of mourning in mothers who had touched their baby before its death, and who had not talked with their husbands about the loss. Strong affectional bonding appears to begin before physical contact and caretaking but is enhanced by these activities.
Prevention of Adhesions to Healing Digital Flexor Tendons
Authors: Austin D. Potenza
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Previous studies showed canine digital-flexor-tendon healing by cellular activity of surrounding tissues, not by intrinsic tenoblastic activity. Adhesions occur at wound sites and points of tendon trauma; their density and severity reflect degree of tendon trauma. In the present study of 70 tendons, digital-sheath excision did not adversely affect tendon union or function, since new gliding sheaths formed. However, total sublimis tendon excision after profundus repair resulted in dense adhesions between profundus tendons and the osseous floor of the digital canals. Subtotal sublimis excision preserved the floors of the canals, and no adverse adhesions resulted. Avoidance of tendon trauma and preservation of the anatomic integrity of normal contiguous structures are essential for successful tendon surgery.
On Primary Resection of Gangrenous Intestine
Authors: A. E. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1899)

THE question as to the line of action to be adopted in cases of gangrenous strangulated hernia is still, I believe, a matter of anxious doubt to most surgeons.Three courses are open to us in such cases: i.We may simply incise the gangrenous loop and establish a permanent artificial anus, thereby obviating the risks of obstruction otherwise certain to terminate in death.2. We may perform the same operation, and when the dangers of the primary condition are past, proceed to rid the patient of the unpleasant and often dangerous intestinal istula by subsequently resecting the part of the bowel in- volved and restoring its continuity.3. Lastly, in a given case of gangrenous hernia we may at once proceed to do a primary enterectomy, removing the dead loop and restoring the track of the tube once more.Which of these courses we shall adopt depends in the first place upon the view we take as to the relative risks of each.On this point it is difficult to speak with certainty.But my own observation in many cases is leading me more and more to the conclusion that with our improved methods of intes- tinal anastomosis the latter course is the best, where the -patient is not too exhausted.For the dangers of the first course are admittedly considerable both immediately and remotely.And although in the past they compared favour- ably with those of primary and secondary resections, it is a question whether at present they should be regarded as slighter in the main.Probably a good deal depends upon the seleetion of cases in regard to this point.Aged people exhausted by prolonged vomiting and re- stricted food will most likely be better treated if an artificial anus be made at once, to be followed, if possible, by secondary resection of the bowel and junction of the two ends, while in younger and stronger cases a primary resection will be more suitable.But, above all, this question will be influ- enced by the surroundings of the patient who is to be operated on.If these be bad, no doubt the simpler operation ought to be selected.But if the surgeon have at his command all the
Abstract 4451: Novel orphan G-protein-coupled receptor is oncogenic and mediates anti-estrogen resistance in human mammary carcinoma
Authors: Yu Jin Lee, Kyeong Jin Shin, Soo-Ah Park, Sung H. Ryu, Pann-Ghill Suh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Alterations in cellular pathways related to both endocrine and angiogenic factors may contribute to breast cancer progression. Inhibition of the elevated levels of these pathways is associated with clinical benefits. However, underlying mechanisms by which endocrine-related pathways and angiogenic factor signaling cooperatively promote breast cancer progression remain unclear. In this study, we report that novel orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR YJ, is oncogenic and mediates anti-estrogen resistance in breast cancer. GPR YJ is overexpressed in breast cancer cells and tissues, where elevated expression correlates with high tumor grade. Also, GPR YJ induces the expression of several angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF and IL-8), as well as ErbB (amphiregulin, epiregulin and neuregulins), which activate their respective pathways, leading to increased cell proliferation and survival, enhanced anchorage-independent growth, and promoted migration and invasion. In vivo, GPR YJ promotes the formation of large, well-vascularized tumors that metastasize to distant organs such as lymph nodes, lung and liver. Thus, deregulated expression of GPR YJ contributes to breast cancer progression and metastasis by inducing several growth factors that alter tumor-specific cell fates and the tumor stromal microenvironment. Citation Format: Yu Jin Lee, Kyeong Jin Shin, Soo-Ah Park, Sung Ho Ryu, Pann-Ghill Suh. Novel orphan G-protein-coupled receptor is oncogenic and mediates anti-estrogen resistance in human mammary carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4451. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4451
York trusts did not submit below-cost bid for orthopaedic services, rules competition panel
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A group of GPs in partnership with the private company Virgin Care, part of the Virgin Group, has failed to win a ruling that an NHS hospital trust bidding against the partnership to provide community orthopaedic services had engaged in “predatory pricing.”

Assura East Riding LLP, a partnership of 13 general practices and Virgin Care, filed a complaint against NHS North Yorkshire and York Primary Care Trust (PCT) and York Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust with the NHS Cooperation and Competition Panel.

The complaint accused the PCT of acting unfairly in awarding …
A Novel BRCA2-Binding Protein and Breast and Ovarian Tumorigenesis
Authors: Mary-Claire King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A fundamental question of cancer genetics is how genes responsible for inherited cancer contribute to the far more frequent cases of cancer that are purely somatic in origin. Somatic mutations in p53 in a vast range of tumors are similar to inherited germ-line mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in families with the Li–Fraumeni syndrome and were discovered at about the same time. But the roles of other inherited cancer genes in somatic tumorigenesis have been more difficult to define. Biochemistry has come to the rescue of genetics in this effort. Binding partners of the proteins encoded by cancer genes . . .
Relationship Between Plasma and Extracellular Fluid Volume Depletion and the Antihypertensive Effect of Chlorothiazide
Authors: ILSE M. WILSON, EDWARD D. FREIS, Mary J. Taylor
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The importance of plasma and extracellular fluid volumes in the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of chlorothiazide is disputed. The present investigation indicates that the lowering of blood pressure is accompanied by reductions in plasma and extracellular fluid volumes and in body weight. Furthermore, re-expansion of plasma volume with salt-free dextran reverses the antihypertensive effect. However, since gradual reaccumulation of extracellular fluid occurs during 1 year of continuous treatment, the late antihypertensive effects of chlorothiazide cannot be explained by the volume-depletion mechanism.
Enhanced Osteogenesis by a Biomimic Pseudo‐Periosteum‐Involved Tissue Engineering Strategy
Authors: Xuetao Shi, Song Chen, Yihua Zhao, Chen Lai, Hongkai Wu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Elaborating a bone replacement using tissue‐engineering strategies for bone repair seems to be a promising remedy. However, previous platforms are limited in constructing three‐dimensional porous scaffolds and neglected the critical importance of periosteum (a pivotal source of osteogenic cells for bone regeneration). We report here an innovative method using the periosteum as a template to replicate its exquisite morphologies onto the surfaces of biomaterials. The precise topographic cues (grooved micropatterns) on the surface of collagen membrane inherited from the periosteum effectively directed cell alignment as the way of natural periosteum. Besides, we placed the stem‐cell and endothelial‐cell‐laden collagen membrane (pseudo‐periosteum) onto a three‐dimensional porous scaffold. The pseudo‐periosteum‐covered scaffolds showed remarkable osteogenesis when compared with the pseudo‐periosteum‐free scaffolds, indicating the significant importance of pseudo‐periosteum on bone regeneration. This study gives a novel concept for the construction of bone tissue engineering scaffold and may provide new insight for periosteum research.
Regulation of Trib2 by an E2F1-C/EBPα feedback loop in AML cell proliferation
Authors: Loveena Rishi, Maura Hannon, Mara Salomè, Marie Hasemann, Anne-Katrine Frank, Joana Campos, Jennifer Timoney, Caitriona O’Connor, Mary R. Cahill, Bo Porse, Karen Keeshan
Journal: Blood (2014)
Haptoglobin Phenotype and Vascular Complications in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Andrew P. Levy, Ariel Roguin, Irit Hochberg, Paula Herer, Stuart Marsh, Farid M. Nakhoul, Karl Skorecki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Vascular complications cause serious morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Two such complications are diabetic nephropathy and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coro...
Specific Biologic Effects of Intestinal Glucagon-Like Materials
Authors: Raul A. Gutman, Gloria Fink, Nancy Voyles, Helena Selawry, Juan C. Penhos, Albert Lepp, Lillian Recant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

It has been demonstrated that gastrointestinal extracts contain substances which react immunologically with antibodies prepared to pancreatic glucagon. These extracts have been termed intestinal GLI for glucagon-like immunoreactivity, or enteroglucagon. To determine whether GLI has specific biological effects, studies were designed using the criterion of effect with antiglucagon antibodies. These antibodies did not cross-react with either secretin or pancreozymin. Rat intestinal extracts were prepared and filtered on Sephadex G-50 columns eluted in 0.02 M ammonium carbonate buffer pH 8.8. Two peaks of GLI (I, II) were consistently found, and the in vitro effects of these peaks on two biological systems were tested: (a) immunoreactive insulin (IRI) release by rat pancreas pieces, and (b) free fatty acid (FFA) release and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in adipose tissue. Both GLI peaks increased IRI release in the absence of glucose and also enhanced the glucose effects. Antiglucagon antibody suppressed only peak II GLI activity. Both peaks increased FFA release and cAMP levels in adipose tissue. Only peak II GLI activity was suppressed by antibody. These findings support a specific IRI-releasing and lipolytic action for Peak II GLI. Hypotheses are presented concerning the structure and possible physiologic role of peak II GLI.
HIV antibody test should be a routine investigation for undiagnosed pneumonia
Authors: G M Scott
Journal: BMJ (1996)

tosis, actinic keratoses, and non-melanoma skin cancers, which are all objective indicators of excess exposure to the sun.3Studies of migrants to Australia clearly implicate exposure to the sun in early childhood as a major risk factor for the development of melanoma.4British studies have identified large numbers of benign melanocytic naevi as the main independent risk factor for melanoma.'These observations have led to studies aimed at determining the main risk factors for developing naevi, one of which is expo- sure to the sun in early childhood.Thus the case for excess exposure to ultraviolet radiation as a major risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma is established.More work is needed to define the relevant wavelengths of the spectrum and the exact quantity of ultraviolet radiation experienced by individuals of different phenotypes that lead to individual high risk.The pathogenesis of sunbum is also unclear, yet no one doubts the causal role of exposure to the sun.2Aetiological studies of melanoma over the long term should not be confused with current studies aimed at improving the nomenclature of early inva- sive malignant melanoma.
Large Subcapsular Hematoma in Transplant Kidney Seen on Renal Scan
Authors: MANISH GOYAL, BRUCE ZUKERBERG, PINAR OZGEN, MARK GRAVES, ALICE SCHEFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 41-year-old man who had a cadaveric renal transplant for end-stage renal disease 12 years earlier, had right lower abdominal pain and recent history of sustaining mild trauma to the same region. The CT and MRI characteristics of subcapsular hematoma in a transplant kidney are well documented in the literature. The authors present the renal scan findings in a case of a large subcapsular hematoma in a transplanted kidney with CT and MRI correlation.