tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health secretary sets up review of Modernising Medical Careers
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The health secretary, Patricia Hewitt, has announced a review of the government's Modernising Medical Careers programme after the debacle over this year's appointments system.

The chaos created by the computer problems with the medical training application service (MTAS) had threatened to scupper the government's plans for a major shake-up of medical training. Remedy UK, the organisation leading protests against MTAS, had at times called for the whole Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) programme to be called to a halt. However, the review group looking at the MTAS situation said it did not think that the programme …
Movement dynamics and the environment to be perceived
Authors: Gary E. Riccio, Richard E. A. van Emmerik, Brian T. Peters
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

In perception science, an alternative to focusing on individual sensory systems is to describe the environment to be perceived. We focus on the emergent dynamics of human-environment interactions as an important category of the environment to be perceived. We argue that information about such dynamics is available in subtle patterns of movement variability that, of necessity, stimulate multiple sensory systems.
Splice-Site Mutations in Atherosclerosis Candidate Genes
Authors: Yskert von Kodolitsch, Reed E. Pyeritz, Peter K. Rogan
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Nucleotide variants in several genes for lipid and methionine metabolism influence the risk of premature atherosclerosis. Ten percent of single nucleotide substitutions in these genes involve mRNA splice sites. The effects of some of these changes on splicing and on phenotypic severity are not inherently obvious. Methods and Results —Using an information theory-based model, we measured the individual information content (R i , in bits) of splice sites adjacent to 289 mutations (including 31 splice-site mutations) in the atherosclerosis candidate genes APOAII , APOB , APOCII , APOE , CBS , CETP , LCAT , LIPA , LDLR, and LPL . The predictions of information analysis were then corroborated by published mRNA analyses. The R i values of mutant sites were consistent with either complete (n=17) or partial (n=8) inactivation of these sites. Seven mutations were predicted to activate cryptic splice sites. Predicted inactive mutant sites were associated with either “average” or “severe” dyslipidemia and commensurate reductions in protein levels or activity, whereas mutations expected to exhibit residual splicing had average or “mild” effects on lipid and protein expression. Conclusions —Information analysis of splice-junction variants in atherosclerosis candidate genes distinguishes inactive from leaky splice sites and identifies activated cryptic sites. Predicted changes in splicing were related to phenotypic severity.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors: Medicinal chemistry and biological actions
Authors: Edward W. Petrillo, Miguel A. Ondetti
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1982)

A decade of experimentation, with work in the last four years greatly accelerated by the availability of captopril, favors the conclusion that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors exert their antihypertensive effect by blocking the formation of angiotensin II. The apparently anomalous efficacy of ACE inhibitors in hypertension characterized by low circulating renin levels may point to the importance of the vascular renin-angiotensin system in controlling blood pressure. Neither kinin potentiation nor blockade of the CNS renin-angiotensin system appear to play a significant role in the antihypertensive effect of captopril. Pharmacological and clinical studies on ACE inhibitors of novel chemical structure will establish their utility as antihypertensive agents and may lead to greater understanding of the mechanism of action of all ACE inhibitors.
Factors Associated With Poor Mental Health Among Guatemalan Refugees Living in Mexico 20 Years After Civil Conflict
Authors: Miriam Sabin
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextFrom 1981 to 2001, 46 000 refugees who fled the 36-year civil conflict in Guatemala for Chiapas, Mexico were under the protection of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of mental illness and factors associated with poor mental health of underserved Guatemalan refugee communities located in Chiapas, Mexico, since 1981 and to assess need for mental health services.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional survey of 183 households in 5 Mayan refugee camps in Chiapas representing an estimated 1546 residents (adults and children) conducted November-December 2000.Main Outcome MeasuresSymptom criteria of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression as measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (Hopkins-25).ResultsOne adult (aged ≥16 years) per household (n = 170 respondents) who agreed to participate was included in the analysis, representing an estimated 93% of households. All respondents reported experiencing at least 1 traumatic event with a mean of 8.3 traumatic events per individual. Of the respondents, 20 (11.8%) had all symptom criteria for PTSD. Of the 160 who completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, 87 (54.4%) had anxiety symptoms and 62 (38.8%) had symptoms of depression. Witnessing the disappearance of family members (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-15.50), being close to death (AOR, 4.19, 95% CI, 1.03-17.00), or living with 9 to 15 persons in the same home (AOR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.19-11.39) were associated with symptoms of PTSD. There was a protective factor found for lacking sufficient food (AOR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01-0.59). Elevated anxiety symptoms were associated with witnessing a massacre (AOR, 10.63; 95% CI, 4.31-26.22), being wounded (AOR, 3.22; 95% CI, 0.95-10.89), and experiencing 7 to 12 traumatic events (AOR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.14-6.27) and 13 to 19 traumatic events (AOR, 2.26; 95% CI, 0.65-7.89). Elevated symptoms of depression were associated with being a woman (AOR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.47-9.04), being widowed (AOR, 27.55; 95% CI, 2.54-299.27), being married (AOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.59-6.33), witnessing disappearances (AOR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.16-6.19), experiencing 7 to 12 traumatic events (AOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.64-3.88), or experiencing 13 to 19 traumatic events (AOR, 7.44; 95% CI, 2.18-25.37).ConclusionPsychiatric morbidity related to human rights violations, traumatic events, and refugee status was common among Guatemalan refugees surveyed 20 years after the Guatemalan civil conflict.
TWENTY-ONE YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN THE NON-ALCOHOLIC TREATMENT OF DISEASE.
Authors: J. H. KELLOGG
Journal: JAMA (1896)

On becoming connected with the Battle Creek Sanitarium, an institution of which I have had charge for the last twenty years, and having been connected with the institution for a year or two previous, I established a rule that alcohol should not be relied upon as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of curable cases; that, if used at all, it should be only in those cases which were utterly hopeless, and in which it would consequently be useless to withhold any agent which would afford even temporary relief to the patient's sufferings. These cases have been so exceedingly rare that it may be said that alcohol has been absolutely discarded as a therapeutic agent under any and all circumstances, in this institution, although it had been previously used, sparingly. The total number of patients treated during this time, of which careful records have been kept, is 16,869. In addition
H2–Receptor Antagonists and Hepatic Drug Disposition
Authors: George W. Mihaly, Richard A. Smallwood, Jeanette D. Anderson, Brian D. Jones, Lorraine K. Webster, Frank J. Vajda
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

The effect of four H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine, burimamide, oxmetidine, and ranitidine) on antipyrine elimination was studied in the isolated perfused rat liver. The first three drugs are substituted imidazoles, whereas ranitidine contains a furanyl nucleus. Isolated livers were perfused using a 100-ml, recycling, constant flow circuit for 4 hr. Antipyrine elimination was studied with or without an H2-receptor antagonist present. In all experiments, antipyrine concentrations declined monoexponentially. In control experiments (no other drug present), antipyrine clearance was 32.5 +/- 0.9 ml per hr. This was greatly reduced in the presence of cimetidine (clearance = 10.1 +/- 0.8 and 5.8 +/- 1.5 ml per hr after 1 and 5 mg doses, p less than 0.01) and burimamide (4.5 +/- 0.6 and 3.0 +/- 1.7 ml per hr, p less than 0.001). By contrast, neither oxmetidine nor ranitidine significantly altered antipyrine pharmacokinetics. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect on hepatic mixed-function oxidases is rapid in onset, independent of H2-receptor antagonist activity, and is not an inevitable consequence of the presence of an imidazole nucleus.
Diabetes Mellitus Caused by Insulin-Receptor Blockade and Impaired Sensitivity to Insulin
Authors: Oluf Pedersen, Elisabeth Hjøllund, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Hans Kromann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE action of insulin at the cellular level may be modified by alterations in insulin receptors or in the multiple steps distal to insulin receptors. An interesting new subset of diabetic diseases related to insulin receptors contains those in which receptors become the targets of a disordered immune response and in which receptor function is altered by insulin-receptor antibodies, resulting in a decreased insulin-binding ability.1 , 2 This syndrome of insulin resistance is a rare disorder that has been described only in a few patients with immunologic abnormalities (mainly systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] and acanthosis nigricans).1 2 3 4 5 Blocking of insulin receptors in patients . . .
INFECTION WITH FLY LARVÆ.
Authors: A. A. SPOOR
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>History.</h3> —In June, 1907, I was called to see an infant, aged 4 weeks. The mother informed me that "worms" were coming through the skin of the child. The baby showed several lesions around the neck, face, forearms and hands. Some of the lesions were only slightly raised, with a red areola around a whitish center of seropurulent material about the size of a pinhead, from which the "worm" escaped when the lesion was pressed between the fingers, as one would extract a comedo. After the extraction of the larva, the small lesions healed very rapidly, almost disappearing in 24 hours. The larger lesions represented a more severe type of inflammation and contained larger larvæ. One lesion on the dorsum of the hand between the bases of the thumb and index finger contained two large larvæ. This lesion was as large as a plum, swollen, raised, hard and had the
Points: Mutiny over Bounty
Authors: M. McTamney
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Mr Richard Earlam has provided us with a clear exposition of the current mismanagement of oesophageal carcinoma in a regional hospital service (23 June, p 1892).Most doctors would agree that at presentation most cases of oesophageal carcinoma are incurable.'The aim of any treatment, therefore, is effective palliation-that is, relief of dysphagia-with consequent low morbidity and mortality.2The treatment statistics detailed by Mr Earlam clearly show that this goal is not being achieved in the North East Thames region.It is likely that the hospital management of oesophageal carcinoma will improve only when all patients with this condition are urgently referred to multidisciplinary teams established in regional specialist centres.
Congenital malaria in one non-identical twin.
Authors: A J Bradbury
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Congenital malaria in one non-identical twin Only seven cases of congenital malaria have been reported in Britain.'I The case described here is believed to be the first to be reported in a binovular twin. Case historyShortly after her arrival in England from India in 1974, the mother, a 23-year-old primigravida, was found to have pulmonary tuberculosis, which was treated with streptomycin, rifampicin, and isoniazid.She became pregnant in September 1975, and her treatment was changed to para- aminosalicylic acid and isoniazid.Twin pregnancy was diagnosed radiologically in April 1976.The mother was admitted to hospital later that month in premature labour and delivered live male twins on 26 April 1976.The placenta and membranes were normal and consistent with the twins being binovular, Twin I was deliecred as a vertex presentation using Wriglev's forceps.Apart from transient anaemia his progress was uneventful.Repeated blood films showed no evidence of malaria.Twin II was found to have a transverse lie.External version was unsuccess- ful.The membranes ruptured spontaneously and a hanid prolapsed.He was subsequently delivered by internal version and breech extractioni under general anaesthesia.He weighed 2-3 kg and wvas estimated to be of 35 weeks' gestation.A mild degree of Erb's palsy on the left soon resolved.He became jaundiced in the neonatal period, the serum bilirubin level reaching 229 timol/l (13 4 mg/100 ml) on the fifth day, then rapidly subsiding.He continued to thrive until 42 days, when he became febrile with a rectal temperature of 38-2 C.There was no obvious cause for this and he was feeding well, though he was noticed to be pale.The pulse rate was 160/min and there was a soft systolic ejection murmur at the apex.The liver and
Cancer! Alarm! Cancer!
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

HERE IS A SPECIAL HEALTH MESSAGERED MAY MEAN DEAD FOR......................YOU OR YOUR LOVED ONESWith scare tactics as blatantly callous as these a Sioux City, Iowa, firm is frightening shoppers into buying a product called "Homaganized Bakon" — exact composition unrevealed except that it contains no nitrites or nitrates.The "Special Health Message," apparently distributed in stores and also displayed on TV states,Most all sliced bacon contains a color additive listed on the package as nitrate or nitrite. This chemical causes the red meat portion of the bacon to assume a brighter than normal, red color that seems . . .
Decreased production of interferon-gamma by human neonatal cells. Intrinsic and regulatory deficiencies.
Authors: C B Wilson, J Westall, L Johnston, D B Lewis, S K Dower, A R Alpert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Human neonatal lymphocytes produced little macrophage activation factor in response to mitogens. This correlated with decreased production of interferon-gamma (IFN gamma): adult lymphokines contained 894.2 +/- 177.1 U/ml, whereas neonatal cord and peripheral lymphokines contained 66.9 +/- 17.0 and 116.7 +/- 29.6 U/ml by bioassay. Results by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for IFN gamma were similar. In contrast, the interleukin 2 content of cord lymphokines was greater (P less than 0.01) and that of neonatal peripheral blood lymphokines similar to that of adults. Interleukin 1 production and interleukin 2 receptor expression and affinity were similar for adult and neonatal cells. Interleukins 1 and 2 in amounts comparable to those in adult lymphokines did not increase production of macrophage activation factor or IFN gamma by neonatal cells. Neonatal cells did not contain intracellular IFN or degrade exogenous IFN. Excess suppressor activity was not found in neonatal cultures. Addition of IFN alpha, 10,000-50,000 U/ml of interleukin 2 or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to cord mononuclear cells or of adult monocytes or PMA to cord T cells increased IFN gamma production compared to cells stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) alone. Nevertheless, under optimal conditions (T cells + PMA + Con A), adult cells produced much more IFN gamma (1,360 +/- 261 U/ml by RIA) than cord cells (122 +/- 37 U/ml). Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) stimulated cord cell IFN gamma production at low cell densities; nevertheless, adult cells produced more IFN in response to SEA 1,341 +/- 350 U/ml) than cord cells (350 +/- 33 U/ml). Decreased production of IFN gamma by neonatal cells appears to be due both to differences in their intrinsic capacity to produce IFN gamma and to differences in regulatory mechanisms.
A novel MHC class I–like gene is mutated in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis
Authors: J.N. Feder, A. Gnirke, W. Thomas, Z. Tsuchihashi, D.A. Ruddy, A. Basava, F. Dormishian, R. Domingo, M.C. Ellis, A. Fullan, L.M. Hinton, N.L. Jones, B.E. Kimmel, G.S. Kronmal, P. Lauer, V.K. Lee, D.B. Loeb, F.A. Mapa, E. McClelland, N.C. Meyer, G.A. Mintier, N. Moeller, T. Moore, E. Morikang, C.E. Prass, L. Quintana, S.M. Starnes, R.C. Schatzman, K.J. Brunke, D.T. Drayna, N.J. Risch, B.R. Bacon, R.K. Wolff
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Comparison of Critical Care by Family Physicians and General Internists-Reply
Authors: Frank H. Lawler
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the interest in our article by Carlson et al. Interns in several specialties were available on a continuous basis in the intensive care units (ICUs) studied. Second- or third-year internal medicine residents had duties outside the ICU, particularly during nights, weekends, or holidays. It is not correct to assume that all procedures or minute-to-minute direction of therapy was provided by house officers, and we addressed this issue in our discussion. We acknowledge this area as being important for comparison of care offered by the attending physicians and one that cannot be fully clarified without repeating a study at a site without house officers. Even at such a site, one might argue that minute-to-minute management of care by competent critical care nurses would obscure differences in care provided by attending physicians not continuously on-site. The studies cited that purportedly demonstrate that continuous on-site physician staffing in ICUs
Influence of cytogenetics in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone: adverse effect of deletion 17p13
Authors: Donna Reece, Kevin W. Song, Tommy Fu, Birgitte Roland, Hong Chang, Douglas E. Horsman, Adnan Mansoor, Christine Chen, Esther Masih-Khan, Young Trieu, Helene Bruyere, Douglas A. Stewart, Nizar J. Bahlis
Journal: Blood (2009)
Adult acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: J. Bird, T. Biggs, M. Thomas, R. Salib
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 35 year old woman presents to her general practitioner with a 10 day history of worsening nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge, and frontal headaches. ### Ask about Rhinosinusitis (including nasal polyps) is an inflammatory condition of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Diagnosis requires at least two symptoms, one of which must be nasal discharge or obstruction, with the others comprising facial pain or smell disturbance. Acute rhinosinusitis is defined as symptoms lasting less than 12 weeks with complete resolution and can be subdivided into Chronic rhinosinusitis (with or without polyps) is defined as more than 12 weeks of symptoms without complete resolution. The following points are important within the history in acute rhinosinusitis:
Biologic Activity of Digoxin-Specific Antisera
Authors: John F. Watson, Vincent P. Butler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Digoxin-specific antibodies are capable of removing essentially all intracellular digoxin from rat renal cortical slices or from human erythrocytes. In removing digoxin from erythrocytes, these antibodies are capable of reversing an effect of the drug on cellular potassium transport. This study provides direct evidence that antibodies are capable of removing, and thereby reversing the biological effect of, physiologically active low molecular weight substances after they have been taken up by mammalian cells. This biologic property of digoxin-specific antibodies suggests that autidigoxin sera may prove useful in the reversal of digoxin toxicity. Rapid and essentially quantitative removal of digoxin from red cells by antibody is not accompanied by an immediate restoration of patassium influx to normal levels. Identification of the mechanism of this phenomenon may provide useful information concerning the mode of action not only of digoxin, but also of the cation transport system of human erythrocytes.
Standardizing Training for Psoriasis Measures
Authors: April W. Armstrong, Kory Parsi, Clayton W. Schupp, Philip J. Mease, Kristina C. Duffin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Because the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is the most commonly used and validated disease severity measure for clinical trials, it is imperative to standardize training to ensure reliability in PASI scoring for accurate assessment of disease severity.To evaluate whether an online PASI training video improves scoring accuracy among patients with psoriasis and physicians on first exposure to PASI.This equivalency study compared PASI assessment performed by patients and PASI-naive physicians with that of PASI-experienced physicians at baseline and after standardized video training. The study was conducted from March 15, 2011, to September 1, 2011.Outpatient psoriasis clinic at University of California, Davis.Forty-two psoriasis patients and 14 PASI-naive physicians participated in the study. The scores from 12 dermatologists experienced in PASI evaluation were used as the criterion standard against which other scores were compared.Aggregate and component PASI scores from image sets corresponding to mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis.After viewing the training video, PASI-naive physicians produced equivalent scores for all components of PASI; patients provided equivalent scores for most PASI components, with the exception of area scores for moderate-to-severe psoriasis images. After the online video training, the PASI-naive physicians and patients exhibited improved accuracy in assigning total PASI scores for mild (Mean(experienced physician) - Mean(PASI-naive physician): 1.2; Mean(experienced physician) - Mean(patient): -2.1), moderate (Mean(experienced physician) - Mean(PASI-naive physician): 0; Mean(experienced physician) - Mean(patient): -5.7), and severe (Mean(experienced physician) - Mean(PASI-naive physician): -5.1; Mean(experienced physician) - Mean(patient): -10.4) psoriasis, respectively.Use of an online PASI training video represents an effective tool in improving accuracy in PASI scoring by both health care professionals and patients. The video-based online platform for disseminating standardized training on the use of validated instruments in dermatology represents a novel form of standardized education.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of AZD3199, a New Inhaled Ultra Long-acting β2-adrenoreceptor Agonist (uLABA) Bronchodilator
Authors: P. Kuna, J. Rosenborg, T. Bengtsson, C. Jorup, L. Bjermer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Is epidermal homeostasis a necessity?—comments on epidermal growth control
Authors: R. Marks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Is epidermal homeostasis a necessity?—comments on epidermal growth control Get access R. Marks R. Marks Department of Medicine, Welsh National School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 6, 1 December 1980, Pages 697–702, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb01696.x Published: 01 December 1980