tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic treatment of migraine with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril): randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study
Authors: H. Schrader
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the efficacy of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in the prophylaxis of migraine. <b>Design:</b> Double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. <b>Setting:</b> Neurological outpatient clinic. <b>Participants:</b> Sixty patients aged 19-59 years with migraine with two to six episodes a month. <b>Interventions:</b> Treatment period of 12 weeks with one 10 mg lisinopril tablet once daily for one week then two 10 mg lisinopril tablets once daily for 11 weeks, followed by a two week wash out period. Second treatment period of one placebo tablet once daily for one week and then two placebo tablets for 11 weeks. Thirty participants followed this schedule, and 30 received placebo followed by lisinopril. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Primary end points: number of hours with headache, number of days with headache, number of days with migraine. Secondary end points: headache severity index, use of drugs for symptomatic relief, quality of life and number of days taken as sick leave, acceptability of treatment. <b>Results:</b> In the 47 participants with complete data, hours with headache, days with headache, days with migraine, and headache severity index were significantly reduced by 20% (95% confidence interval 5% to 36%), 17% (5% to 30%), 21% (9% to 34%), and 20% (3% to 37%), respectively, with lisinopril compared with placebo. Days with migraine were reduced by at least 50% in 14 participants for active treatment versus placebo and 17 patients for active treatment versus run-in period. Days with migraine were fewer by at least 50% in 14 participants for active treatment versus placebo. Intention to treat analysis of data from 55 patients supported the differences in favour of lisinopril for the primary end points. <b>Conclusion:</b> The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, has a clinically important prophylactic effect in migraine.
Tularemia and the Tomcat
Authors: Martin E. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1981)

BECAUSE tularemia is endemic among wild animals, human infections occur primarily among hunters and outdoorsmen. For this reason, physicians sometimes discount tularemia as a cause of fever in patients who deny exposure to rabbits or ticks. Some domestic animals, however, may acquire tularemia during their forays into the wild and may, in turn, transfer the disease to humans. In these instances, tularemia may go unrecognized. Because of its predatory practices, the domestic cat is well suited to transmit tularemia from wildlife to humans. But this fact has seldom been used to immediate advantage in patient care. We recently cared for a pregnant woman with a febrile illness characterized by a skin lesion and regional lymphadenopathy. When it was learned that she had been bitten by her cat just before the onset of her illness, we confirmed a presumptive diagnosis of tularemia by performing diagnostic tests on the cat. <h3>Report of</h3>
Abstract 4158: The p53 gain-of-function mutation p53R172H promotes oral cancer progression in response to DNA damage
Authors: Sergio Acin, Carlos Caulin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, presenting high mortality rates and a severe impact on the quality of life of patients and survivors. Oral cancers arise from the accumulation of genetic alterations. Some of the most prevalent mutations found in patients with oral cancer involve mutations in Ras and p53 genes, although the mutation rates exhibit geographical variation, most likely as a result of different exposure to carcinogens. Most p53 mutations result in the expression of mutant forms of p53, rather than inactivation of the p53 gene. To determine the role of these mutations during oral cancer development we generated mice in which the endogenous K-rasG12D allele and p53 gain-of-function mutation p53R172H could be activated exclusively in the oral epithelium. We found that the p53R172H mutation, but not deletion of p53, cooperates with K-rasG12D to initiate oral tumor formation, accelerates oral tumor growth and promotes progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Expression profiling of the tumors that developed in these mice revealed that cyclin B1 was overexpressed in the oral tumors that expressed p53R172H compared to tumors with no p53. To expand the functional studies, we generated cell lines from these mouse oral tumors. Similar to the primary tumors, cell lines derived from the tumors expressing p53R172H generated tumors that grew faster upon injection in nude mice than cell lines that lacked p53. Using these cell lines we found that the expression of cyclin B1 was dramatically induced in the p53R172H cells in response to DNA damage, suggesting that cyclin B1 may contribute to the oncogenic properties p53R172H in oral tumor cells in response to DNA damage. Notably, we observed DNA damage in the oral tumors, as determined by staining for γ-H2AX. Since these tumors were initiated by oncogenic K-ras, we speculated that oncogene activation induced DNA damage in the tumors, thereby allowing the induction of cyclin B1 expression. Consistent with this hypothesis we found that suppressing K-ras in cells that express p53R172H resulted in significant reduction in cyclin B1 expression, indicating that p53R172H can induce the expression of cyclin B1 in response to oncogenic K-ras. In addition, we found increased DNA damage in the oral tumors that expressed p53R172H compared to tumors that lack p53, suggesting that p53R172H may modulate the DNA damage response. Together, these findings indicate that p53R172H may promote oral tumor progression in response to DNA damage, and suggest that attenuation of the DNA damage response may contribute to the oncogenic properties of mutant p53. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4158.
Adaptive Servo-Ventilation in Cardiac Function and Neurohormonal Status in Patients With Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea Nonresponsive to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Takatoshi Kasai, Satoshi Kasagi, Ken-ichi Maeno, Tomotaka Dohi, Fusae Kawana, Mitsue Kato, Ryo Naito, Sugao Ishiwata, Minoru Ohno, Tetsu Yamaguchi, Koji Narui, Shin-ichi Momomura
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Inability to Predict Diagnosis in Febrile Intravenous Drug Abusers
Authors: DAVID P. SKLAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1988Inability to Predict Diagnosis in Febrile Intravenous Drug AbusersDAVID P. SKLAR, M.D.DAVID P. SKLAR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-153_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Marantz and associates (1) convincingly show that clinical judgment cannot be relied on to distinguish serious from nonserious illness in intravenous drug abusers. However, they do not offer any evidence that all intravenous drug abusers with a fever should be hospitalized. Questions that remain include: Did any untoward events occur during the first 24 hours during which time blood cultures would be growing? How did hospitalization affect these events? Because antibiotics were not given to all patients, how did those not treated benefit by hospitalization? Could any of the patients with pneumonia have been diagnosed in the...References1. MARANTZLINZERFEINERFEINSTEINKOZINFRIEDLAND PMCSAG. Inability to predict diagnosis in febrile intravenous drug abusers. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:823-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SKLARRUSNAK DR. The value of outpatient blood cultures in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 1987;51:95-100. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID P. SKLAR, M.D.Affiliations: Division of Emergency Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM 87131 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1988Volume 108, Issue 1Page: 153-153KeywordsAddictsAntibioticsBloodFeversHospitalizationsPneumonia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prospects for a cognitive ethology
Authors: Donald R. Griffin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1978)

Abstract Ethologists and comparative psychologists have found that the social behavior, discrimination learning, and especially the communicative behavior of many animals are sufficiently versatile to call into question the customary denial that animals have mental experiences comparable to our own. Many of their behavior patterns suggest that animals have mental images of objects, events, or relationships remote from the immediate stimulus situation, as well as self-awareness and intentions concerning future actions. Our behavioristic Zeitgeist has inhibited investigation of such possibilities, but reopening these long-neglected questions requires no departure from the materialistic approach to biological and behavioral science. The basic question at issue involves a comparison of those aspects of human and nonhuman brain function that sometimes lead to what we call mental experiences, at least in our own species. It seems more feasible to devise objectively verifiable tests for the existence of these general categories of mental experiences than for that of many others. While many other kinds of evidence could well be used (with appropriate caution and all possible controls) to weigh the likelihood that animals sometimes know what they are doing, the experimental use of communicative behavior seems especially promising, because the latter could serve a function analogous to human language, which provides our best evidence about the mental experiences of our fellow men.
Longitudinal Distribution of Plaque Burden and Necrotic Core–Rich Plaques in Nonculprit Lesions of Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, Gary S. Mintz, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Akiko Maehara, Martin Fahy, Ke Xu, Andres Inguez, Jean Fajadet, Alexandra Lansky, Barry Templin, Zhen Zhang, Bernard de Bruyne, Giora Weisz, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
What's Next for Diabetes Prevention?
Authors: Steven E. Kahn, Kristina M. Utzschneider
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Recent estimates of the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes underscore that no community is being spared from this ever-advancing, noncommunicable disease (1). Given that many individuals with these conditions are going to experience the long-term, ravaging outcomes of hyperglycemia, there is a continued and pressing need to develop approaches that will prevent the development and progression of diabetes as well as its micro- and macrovascular complications.

The last two decades have witnessed the introduction of a number of new classes of medications to treat diabetes and the refinement of others. We have also learned the benefits of more aggressive glucose lowering so that today interventions are frequently commenced earlier, and many patients are rapidly placed on more than a single agent. The focus on earlier intervention has also grown out of the recognition that the glucose elevation characterizing type 2 diabetes does not occur suddenly, but rather is a slow and progressive process with the pathophysiology well established at a time when the glucose levels have not yet reached the diagnostic thresholds (2). Thus, impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes represent a continuum and both are amenable to therapy.

Intervening to prevent the development of diabetes has been a focus of a number of studies over the last decade. In these, both lifestyle modification and medications have been used and have, in general, been successful in delaying the onset of the disease. Lifestyle modification reduces the risk of developing diabetes by over 50% (3,4), with different classes of medications having more variable impact (4–8). The greatest benefit from pharmacological intervention occurs with the thiazolidinediones (6–8), which have been shown to be as good, if not better, than lifestyle intervention.

In this issue of Diabetes Care , Retnakaran et al. (9) provide additional information about the …
Mistakes in diagnosing non-accidental injury: 10 years' experience
Authors: D. M Wheeler, C. J Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Fifty children who were referred to the child abuse team in Leeds over the 10 years 1976-86 with suspected non-accidental injury were found to have conditions which mimicked non-accidental injury. These included impetigo (nine children) and blue spots (five children). Five children who presented with multiple bruising had haemostatic disorders. Eight children had disorders of the bone. Five children had been previously abused physically. Four showed evidence of neglect. One had evidence of non-accidental injury as well as the condition mimicking abuse. It is emphasised that when child abuse is suspected a sensitive and thorough assessment should be carried out by a paediatrician who is experienced in this.
A New DREADD Facilitates the Multiplexed Chemogenetic Interrogation of Behavior
Authors: Eyal Vardy, J. Elliott Robinson, Chia Li, Reid H.J. Olsen, Jeffrey F. DiBerto, Patrick M. Giguere, Flori M. Sassano, Xi-Ping Huang, Hu Zhu, Daniel J. Urban, Kate L. White, Joseph E. Rittiner, Nicole A. Crowley, Kristen E. Pleil, Christopher M. Mazzone, Philip D. Mosier, Juan Song, Thomas L. Kash, C.J. Malanga, Michael J. Krashes, Bryan L. Roth
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Combined Ga-67 and ln-111 Leukocyte Scintigraphy to Characterize a Liver Mass in a Patient with Lymphoma
Authors: STEVEN PARMETT, BHARAT PATEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 32-year old man with Hodgkin's disease was admitted to the hospital with a liver mass. The primary diagnostic possibilities, infection and lymphoma, require markedly different therapy. The combination of Ga-67 and ln-111 white blood cell imaging correctly diagnosed the mass as lymphoma.
Inquiry questions long term effects on health of Camelford incident
Authors: Kunal Khanna
Journal: BMJ (2005)

It is unlikely that the chemicals involved in the 1988 Camelford water contamination incident in Cornwall caused any long term effects on health, says a report published last week.

The report, by a subgroup of the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment, a scientific committee that advises the Food Standards Agency and the Department of Health, says it found no conclusive link between the incident and the chronic symptoms and diseases reported.

However, the subgroup has recommended further work …
Mass Radiography in the Boot and Shoe Industry, 1945-6
Authors: A. Stewart, J. P. W. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Recent studies of miniature mass radiography and National Service records (Smith, 1947;Stewart and Hughes, 1949) have revealed the followinig facts about the boot and shoe industry: (a) there is a high inci- dence of active pulmonary tuberculosis among factory operatives; (b) there is more disease in large than in small factories; and (c) the industry tends to recruit men of poor physique.These findings suggest that the high death rate from pulmonary tuberculosis in the industry as a whole (Registrar-General; is due to selective recruitment, and that the higher rate for factory operatives than for home workers (Registrar-General, [1921][1922][1923][1924][1925][1926][1927][1928][1929][1930][1931] is due to carriers infecting fellow workers.This hypothesis was put forward in the preliminary report of the present investigation (Stewart and Hughes, 1949).Sin'ce then we have re-examined the original mass radiography records and have also collected other data relating to working conditions and to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis.A complete report on all this material is not yet available, but two papers, one giving a historical survey of tuberculosis mortality in the print- ing and shoemaking trades (Cairns and Stewart, 1951) and the other the result of bacteriological sampling of the air in boot and shoe factories (Hirch, 1951), have been accepted for publication since the preliminary report appeared.The purpose of this third paper is to
A study of hepatitis C prevalence in healthcare workers in the West of Scotland
Authors: D Thorburn
Journal: Gut (2001)

Whether healthcare workers have an increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection as a result of exposure to patient's blood and body fluids is controversial. This study assesses the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers, and its relation to the performance of exposure prone procedures and duration of occupational exposure, allowing an estimate to be made of the incidence of occupationally acquired hepatitis C infection among medical staff.In this anonymous retrospective cohort study, we estimated the prevalence of hepatitis C infection in 10 654 healthcare workers. ELISA-3 testing was performed on pools of five sera collected during immunisation against hepatitis B. Healthcare workers were arranged into five occupational groups, according to the degree of patient exposure, and three age bands (<30 years, 30-39 years, >40 years).Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C was 0.28% (30/10 654), comparable in all occupational groups (p=0.34) and unrelated to duration of potential exposure. Assuming that all detected infections had been occupationally acquired, the maximum estimated risk of hepatitis C infection in exposure prone medical staff was low: 1.4% for surgeons and 1.0% for physicians over a 35 year professional career.Hepatitis C infection is infrequent in healthcare workers in Glasgow. Those conducting exposure prone procedures do not seem to be at higher risk than other healthcare staff.
The Title of Doctor
Authors: J. F. Montague
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Name calling has never achieved the status of a social grace. Yet, I am prepared to defend the art as long as it serves a useful purpose. That purpose, as I see it, is to define accurately the outstanding attributes of the object or person called. Recently, I indulged in some name calling on my own part. I called, and suggested that others call, medical technical writers by the name of Medical Technographers. The word technography is an established word listed in any unabridged dictionary. It is accurate and dignified. I have suggested this name for medical writers in recognition of their ability in the technography of the medical writing art. I believe they are entitled to the fairness of a title and this gives them one. Speaking of titles, I am distressed, as I am sure many others are, by the indefinite area of professional competence
Hyperinsulinism in Pancreatic or Biliary and Gastrointestinal Tract Disease
Authors: Ernest O. Friedlander
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Because the syndrome of hyperinsulinism secondary to disease of the pancreas or the biliary and gastrointestinal tract is little known in this country, a nationwide review of the clinicopathologic material of the Veterans Administration was carried out. Nine of 10 patients with hyperinsulinism showed pathological findings in the exocrine pancreas or the organs adjacent to it. Similar pathological findings were present in 9 of 11 patients with hyperplasia of the islands but without hyperinsulinism and in 4 of 10 patients with islet cell adenoma without hyperinsulinism. It is proposed that these pathological changes of the exocrine pancreas or adjacent organs, by abnormal stimulation of the vegetative nerve fibers in the pancreatic or parapancreatic region, cause hyperinsulinism or hyperplasia and adenomata of the islands of Langerhans or both.
Chronic Urinary-Tract Infections
Authors: Harry Seneca
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  I read with great interest the case of a 32-year-old woman with chronic urinary-tract infection ( 194 :1396, 1965). I do not agree with the comments of E. H. Kass, MD, on this case.  Before a final diagnosis is made, acid-fast infection of the kidneys should be considered by culture of 24-hour urine specimens for acid-fast bacilli, guinea-pig inoculation, and administration of a tuberculin patch test. Staphylococcus and Proteus in the urine may indicate secondary infection in tuberculosis. When acid-fast infection is eliminated, these bacteria may be considered the true pathogens.  The magic number of 100,000 bacteria per milliliter indicating infection and anything under this count being contamination is arbitrary and dangerous. In most chronic infections, very few bacteria or pathogens occur in the lesions, and frequently the cultures are completely sterile or negative. In the past, we considered six cultures satisfactory, but presently we take ten cultures
[519] RAPID VIRAL SUPPRESSION CAN PREDICT SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO PEGINTERFERON AND LAMIVUDINE COMBINATION TREATMENT IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: J.J.Y. Sung, B.W.S. Wong, A.M.L. Chim, H.Y. Chan, A.Y. Hui, G.L.H. Wong, C.L. Choi, H.L.Y. Chan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Multiregional introgressions inferred from the mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of a hybridizing species complex of gobiid fishes, genus Tridentiger
Authors: T. Mukai, K. Naruse, T. Sato, A. Shima, M. Morisawa
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Partial sequences of the cytochrome b gene (402 bp) in mtDNA were determined for brackishwater gobiid fishes, genus Tridentiger, collected from geographically distant locations in the Japanese Archipelago, and their interspecific and geographic variations were analyzed and compared. Contrary to the results of a previous allozyme analysis which revealed the existence of considerable genetic divergence (Nei's genetic distance > 0.5) between T. obscurus and T. brevispinis, the mtDNA haplotypes (mitotypes) of these two species were very similar and could not be distinguished by any of the neighbor-joining, maximum-likelihood or parsimony analyses. Hybrid individuals between the two species were also found, with several mitotypes being shared by both species and their hybrids. The phylogenetic relationships of mitotypes were divided into three subgroups, the geographical distributions of the latter being allied to geographical features of the Archipelago. These results suggested the occurrence of multiregional introgression between the two species, with mitotypes transferring from one species to the other.
E-Cigarettes and Cancer Patients
Authors: K. Michael Cummings, Carolyn M. Dresler, John K. Field, Jesme Fox, Ellen R. Gritz, Nasser H. Hanna, Norihiko Ikeda, Jacek Jassem, James L. Mulshine, Matthew J. Peters, Nise H. Yamaguchi, Graham Warren, Caicun Zhou
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
William Hogarth and the London Hospital
Authors: J. L. C. Scarlett
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  The editorial in the May 24 issue (192:713, 1965) refers to the interest taken by William Hogarth in the work of various hospitals in London. Your readers may be interested in some further evidence of this interest shown in the  for the London Hospital, designed by Hogarth and engraved by C. Grignion (Figure). It depicts Christ and His disciples, with people at a distance being carried to a hospital.  The precise history of the Ticket is not known, but it was probably engraved soon after founding of the hospital in 1740. The original sketch by Hogarth was presented to the hospital in 1782, eighteen years after his death. Beneath the sketch, presumably in the artist's handwriting, is a quotation, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto Me. (Matthew 25:40.)  In the early