tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
One Application of Benzyl Benzoate for Scabies
Authors: J. R. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1943)

The dramatic reversal of the prognosis in epidemic gastro- enteritis of -the newbprn wrought by sulphaguanidine therapy has been demonstrated.To achieve optimal results sulphaguanidine must be given in the full doses recommended.An ample fluid intake must be ensured.Fluid every I{ hours is recommended.Tube-feeding may be necessary when there is anorexia.Parenteral administration is seldom required.Milk should be withheld entirely until the appetite returns, and reintroduced very gradually.
Mining the human gut microbiome for novel stress resistance genes
Authors: Eamonn P. Culligan, Julian R. Marchesi, Colin Hill, Roy D. Sleator
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

With the rapid advances in sequencing technologies in recent years, the human genome is now considered incomplete without the complementing microbiome, which outnumbers human genes by a factor of one hundred. The human microbiome, and more specifically the gut microbiome, has received considerable attention and research efforts over the past decade. Many studies have identified and quantified "who is there?," while others have determined some of their functional capacity, or "what are they doing?" In a recent study, we identified novel salt-tolerance loci from the human gut microbiome using combined functional metagenomic and bioinformatics based approaches. Herein, we discuss the identified loci, their role in salt-tolerance and their importance in the context of the gut environment. We also consider the utility and power of functional metagenomics for mining such environments for novel genes and proteins, as well as the implications and possible applications for future research.
REPORT OF TWO CASES OF ACUTE GLAUCOMA.
Authors: H. BERT ELLIS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

On Jan. 11, 1895, there called upon me Mr. G. M., aged 51, a minister by profession, who gave the following history: On January 8, while eating supper with his family, a little piece of dry toast choked him and caused a coughing-spell, during which something seemed to snap in his right eye. Shortly afterward his eye became very painful and watered freely. The lids began to swell and the eye to become inflamed, and his regular physician was called in, who gave him an atropin and cocain solution. As the swelling and redness continued to increase, he was referred to me by his physician. I found both the orbital and palpebral vessels very much injected, especially of the lower portion of the eye, the pupil very large, the tension slightly reduced, so that I thought that the dilation of the iris was the result of the atropin and cocain,
Potent Selection of Antigen Loss Variants of B16 Melanoma following Inflammatory Killing of Melanocytes<i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Luis Sanchez-Perez, Timothy Kottke, Rosa Maria Diaz, Atique Ahmed, Jill Thompson, Heung Chong, Alan Melcher, Sheri Holmen, Gregory Daniels, Richard G. Vile
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract We have reported that i.d. injection of plasmids encoding hsp70 and a suicide gene transcriptionally targeted to melanocytes generates specific proinflammatory killing of melanocytes. The resulting CD8+ T cell response eradicates systemically established B16 tumors. Here, we studied the consequences of that CD8+ T cell response on the phenotype of preexisting tumor. In suboptimal protocols, the T cell response selected B16 variants, which grow extremely aggressively, are amelanotic and have lost expression of the tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) antigens. However, expression of other melanoma-associated antigens, such as gp100, was not affected. Antigen loss could be reversed by long-term growth in culture away from immune-selective pressures or within 96 hours by treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). When transplanted back into syngeneic animals, variants were very poorly controlled by further vaccination. However, a combination of vaccination with 5-Aza to reactivate antigen expression in tumors in situ generated highly significant improvements in therapy over treatment with vaccine or 5-Aza alone. These data show that inflammatory killing of normal cells activates a potent T cell response targeted against a specific subset of self-antigens but can also lead to the immunoselection of tumor variants. Moreover, our data indicate that emergence of antigen loss variants may often be due to reversible epigenetic mechanisms within the tumor cells. Therefore, combination therapy using vaccination and systemic treatment with 5-Aza or other demethylating agents may have significant therapeutic benefits for antitumor immunotherapy.
Mosquito Gut Bacterium May Curb Malaria
Authors: Harvey Black
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

infectious disease Mosquito Gut Bacterium May curb MalariaBefore Plasmodium falciparum, the most important human malaria parasite, can infect people, it must first infect its mosquito host.But that's not always so easy to do, according to a team of researchers from the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Malaria Institute at Macha in Zambia.The team reports that a bacterium naturally found in mosquitoes produces a short-lived molecule that can kill the P. falciparum parasite in its early stages of life. 1 "These bacteria could be used for the development of a biocontrol strategy [to combat malaria]," says senior author
Buckling of Redundant Expansile Stent Distal to an Oesophageal Cancer: Endoscopic Management
Authors: S. Sen, N. Balaratnam, L. A. Wood, M. C. Allison
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

This report describes a complication that occurred as a result of deploying an Ultraflex stent too low in relation to a stenosing carcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction. Intermittent kinking of the redundant lower end of the stent caused frequent episodes of total dysphagia. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was deployed to anchor the redundant portion of the stent within the stomach, allowing it to be shortened with endoscopic stitch cutters. This procedure relieved the episodic dysphagia, and was well tolerated.
851. Molecular Determination of High-Capacity Helper Dependent Adenoviral Vector Genomes In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Mariana Puntel, James F. Curtin, Jeffrey M. Zirger, A.K.M. Muhammad, Xiong Weidong, Chunyan Liu, Jinwei Hu, Kurt M. Kroeger, Peter Czer, Sandra Sciascia, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Maria G. Castro
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

First generation (RAd) and high capacity (HC-Ad) adenoviral vectors are efficient delivery vehicles for transferring therapeutic transgenes in vivo into tissues/organs. The initial successes reported using adenoviral vectors in preclinical trials have been limited by immune related adverse side effects. This has been, in part, attributed to the use of poorly characterized preparations of adenoviral vectors and also to the untoward immune adverse side effects elicited when high doses of these vectors were used. HC-Ads have several advantages over RAds, including the lack of viral coding sequences, which after infection and uncoating, makes them invisible to the host's immune system. Another advantage is their large cloning capacity (up to |[sim]|35Kb). However, accurate characterization of HC- Ad vectors, and contaminating replication competent adenovirus (RCA) or helper virus is necessary before these preparations can be used safely in clinical trials. Consequently, the development of accurate, simple and reproducible methods to standardize and validate adenoviral preparations for the presence of contaminant genomes is required. Using a molecular method that allows accurate, reproducible and simultaneous determination of HC-Ad, contaminating helper virus and RCA genome copy numbers based on real time quantitative PCR (qPCR), we demonstrate accurate detection of these three genomic entities, within CsCl purified vector stocks, total DNA isolated from cells transduced in vitro, and from brain tissue infected in vivo. This approach will allow accurate assessment of the levels and biodistribution of HC-Ad and improve the safety and efficacy of clinical trials.
Milburn challenges NHS to exploit genetics revolution
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A £30m ($42m) package of measures to help bring the genetics revolution into everyday medical practice has been unveiled by Alan Milburn, the health secretary. “The human genome project has already crossed a new frontier in scientific knowledge,” he told scientists at the International Centre for Life in Newcastle upon Tyne. “The question now is whether we can harness that knowledge to cross a new frontier in medicine.”

Under the government plan, the number of consultants specialising in genetics will nearly double to 140 by 2006. Support staff and genetic counsellors will also double in number to about 450. The numbers of patients being seen by specialist …
Thymic T cell anergy in autoimmune nonobese diabetic mice is mediated by deficient T cell receptor regulation of the pathway of p21ras activation.
Authors: M J Rapoport, A H Lazarus, A Jaramillo, E Speck, T L Delovitch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Thymic T cell anergy, as manifested by thymocyte proliferative unresponsiveness to antigens expressed in the thymic environment, is commonly believed to mediate the acquisition of immunological self-tolerance. However, we previously found that thymic T cell anergy may lead to the breakdown of tolerance and predispose to autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Here, we show that NOD thymic T cell anergy, as revealed by proliferative unresponsiveness in vitro after stimulation through the T cell receptor (TCR), is associated with defective TCR-mediated signal transduction along the PKC/p21ras/p42mapk pathway of T cell activation. PKC activity is reduced in NOD thymocytes. Activation of p21ras is deficient in quiescent and stimulated NOD T cells, and this is correlated with a significant reduction in the tyrosine phosphorylation of p42mapk, a serine/threonine kinase active downstream of p21ras. Treatment of NOD T cells with a phorbol ester not only enhances their p21ras activity and p42mapk tyrosine phosphorylation but also restores their proliferative responsiveness. Since p42mapk activity is required for progression through to S phase of the cell cycle, our data suggest that reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of p42mapk in stimulated NOD T cells may abrogate its activity and elicit the proliferative unresponsiveness of these cells.
‘In someone's clinic but not in <i>mine</i> ’ – clinicians’ views of supporting lifestyle behaviour change in patients with psoriasis: a qualitative interview study
Authors: P.A. Nelson, C. Keyworth, A. Chisholm, C.J. Pearce, C.E.M. Griffiths, L. Cordingley, C. Bundy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Psoriasis is associated with significant comorbidity. Excess alcohol use, smoking and higher body mass index are all associated with psoriasis and may contribute to its onset and/or exacerbation. Lifestyle behaviour change (LBC) can be beneficial in the prevention of psoriasis and/or reduction of its severity. LBC techniques are effective when used properly by healthcare professionals.It is unknown whether clinicians managing patients with psoriasis are familiar with LBC techniques or are confident to deliver LBC support in routine consultations. This study aimed to elicit the views and attitudes of healthcare professionals in primary and secondary care about addressing LBC for patients with psoriasis.We carried out in-depth semistructured interviews with 23 dermatology specialist and general practitioners in English primary and secondary care settings stratified by discipline. Data were analysed using constant comparison and principles of Framework Analysis.Clinicians recognized that lifestyle behaviours were important in psoriasis management, but believed it was not their role to facilitate LBC. Limited knowledge and skills to implement LBC principles and techniques underpinned their beliefs. Participants identified a need for training to enable the incorporation of LBC support activity into psoriasis services.Clinicians are not yet trained to support patients with psoriasis with effective LBC methods. Training in these methods is needed to enable healthcare professionals to assess and manage psoriasis better.
Pituitary Stem Cell Update and Potential Implications for Treating Hypopituitarism
Authors: Frederic Castinetti, Shannon W. Davis, Thierry Brue, Sally A. Camper
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2011)

Stem cells have been identified in organs with both low and high cell turnover rates. They are characterized by the expression of key marker genes for undifferentiated cells, the ability to self-renew, and the ability to regenerate tissue after cell loss. Several recent reports present evidence for the presence of pituitary stem cells. Here we offer a critical review of the field and suggest additional studies that could resolve points of debate. Recent reports have relied on different markers, including SOX2, nestin, GFRa2, and SCA1, to identify pituitary stem cells and progenitors. Future studies will be needed to resolve the relationships between cells expressing these markers. Members of the Sox family of transcription factors are likely involved in the earliest steps of pituitary stem cell proliferation and the earliest transitions to differentiation. The transcription factor PROP1 and the NOTCH signaling pathway may regulate the transition to differentiation. Identification of the stem cell niche is an important step in understanding organ development. The niche may be the marginal zone around the lumen of Rathke's pouch, between the anterior and intermediate lobes of mouse pituitary, because cells in this region apparently give birth to all six pituitary hormone cell lineages. Stem cells have been shown to play a role in recurrent malignancies in some tissues, and their role in pituitary hyperplasia, pituitary adenomas, and tumors is an important area for future investigation. From a therapeutic viewpoint, the ability to cultivate and grow stem cells in a pituitary predifferentiation state might also be helpful for the long-term treatment of pituitary deficiencies.
Preservation of the Baroreceptor Heart Rate Reflex by Chemical Sympathectomy in Experimental Heart Failure
Authors: Luca Mircoli, Luigi Fedele, Marica Benetti, Giovanni Battista Bolla, Alberto Radaelli, Stefano Perlini, Alberto U. Ferrari
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The mechanisms underlying impaired baroreflex sensitivity in congestive heart failure (CHF) are incompletely understood. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that this alteration depends on the marked degree of sympathetic overactivity known to characterize the CHF syndrome.Eight-week-old rats were subjected to induction of postmyocardial infarction CHF obtained by coronary ligation (Lig), chronic chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine (Sx), both interventions (Sx-Lig), or neither intervention (Veh-Sham, sham surgery, and vehicle administration). Four weeks after infarction, in conscious state, baroreflex sensitivity was assessed from the bradycardic responses to graded phenylephrine-induced elevations in blood pressure (BP). Left ventricular (LV) diameter was assessed by echocardiography, and plasma catecholamines were assayed to estimate sympathetic activity. Lungs were eventually excised and weighed (LW). CHF was associated with the following: (1) no changes in BP and heart rate; (2) sympathetic overactivity (norepinephrine, 320.2+/-53.8 pg/mL for Veh-Lig versus 173.4+/-20.5 pg/mL for Veh-Sham, P<0.01), prevented by Sx (181.2+/-35.5 pg/mL for Sx-Lig versus 159.8+/-33.1 pg/mL for Sx-Sham, P=NS); (3) LV enlargement (10.3+/-0.7 mm for Veh-Lig versus 6.8+/-0.6 mm for Veh-Sham, P<0.01), irrespective of Sx (9.7+/-0.7 mm for Sx-Lig versus 6.6+/-0.5 mm for Sx-Sham, P<0.01); (4) pulmonary congestion (LW, 7.55+/-0.40 mg per gram of body weight for Veh-Lig versus 5.21+/-0.44 mg per gram of body weight for Veh-Sham, P<0.01), marginally attenuated by Sx (6.54+/-0.28 mg per gram of body weight for Sx-Lig versus 4.98+/-0.22 mg per gram of body weight for Sx-Sham, P<0.05); (5) reduction in baroreflex sensitivity (0.443+/-0.032 ms/mm Hg for Veh-Lig versus 0.860+/-0.420 ms/mm Hg for Veh-Sham, P<0.01), entirely prevented by Sx (1.217+/-0.058 ms/mm Hg for Sx-Lig versus 1.345+/-0.093 ms/mm Hg for Sx-Sham, P=NS).In early post-MI CHF, sympathectomy only partially attenuated LV dysfunction and entirely prevented baroreflex sensitivity impairment that arises from enhanced sympathetic activity.
Effects of a Low Saturated Fat, Low Cholesterol Fish Oil Supplement in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients
Authors: William S. Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

To determine the effects of fish oil supplements low in saturated fat and cholesterol on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients.Single-blind, placebo-controlled (safflower oil), crossover trial with 6-week treatment periods.Outpatient lipid clinic in a university medical center.Eleven adult patients had isolated hypertriglyceridemia (type IV) and seven had concomitant hypercholesterolemia (Type IIb).Twelve 1-g capsules of either fish oil or placebo (safflower oil) were taken daily during each treatment period.Blood was drawn at the fifth and sixth week of each period and analyzed for total lipids; cholesterol in very low, low (LDL), and high density (HDL) lipoproteins (mmol/L); and apoprotein B (mg/dL). Compared with the placebo, fish oil lowered plasma triglyceride levels (4.0 +/- 1.8 to 2.5 +/- 1.0), and raised LDL cholesterol levels (3.7 +/- 1.75 to 4.25 +/- 0.85), apolipoprotein B levels (122 +/- 29 to 140 +/- 34), and the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (4.0 +/- 0.9 to 4.7 +/- 1.4) (P less than 0.05; mean +/- SD). No significant changes were seen in levels of HDL or HDL cholesterol subfractions. Similar responses were seen in patients with both type IIb and IV lipoprotein phenotypes.Because the fish oil supplement contributed negligible amounts of cholesterol and saturated fat to the diet, the n-3 fatty acids most likely caused the observed effects. These findings indicate that relatively small amounts of fish oil can have beneficial effects on plasma triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients, but the increase in LDL cholesterol and apoprotein B levels, and in the LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio suggests the need for careful monitoring of plasma lipoprotein changes during fish oil supplementation, and for a careful evaluation of their long-term benefits.
TCT-792 Mitral Inflow Patterns In Rest and During Exercise following MitraClip Implantation
Authors: Kirsten Boerlage-van Dijk, Annelieke C.M.J. Van Riel, Rianne H.A.C.M. Bon, Esther Wiegerinck, Karel Koch, Marije Vis, Paola G. Meregalli, Jan Piek, Berto J. Bouma, Jan Baan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Inhibition of mesangial cell proliferation by E2F decoy oligodeoxynucleotide in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: Y Maeshima, N Kashihara, T Yasuda, H Sugiyama, T Sekikawa, K Okamoto, K Kanao, Y Watanabe, Y S Kanwar, H Makino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The transcription factor E2F coordinately activates several cell cycle-regulatory genes. We attempted to inhibit the proliferation of mesangial cells in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting E2F activity using a 25-bp decoy oligodeoxynucleotide that contained consensus E2F binding site sequence (E2F-decoy) as a competitive inhibitor. The decoy's effect on human mesangial cell proliferation was evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation. The E2F decoy inhibited proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas a mismatch control oligodeoxynucleotide had little effect. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the decoy's inhibitory effect was due to the binding of the decoy oligodeoxynucleotide to E2F. The effect of the E2F decoy was then tested in a rat anti-Thy 1.1 glomerulonephritis model. The E2F decoy oligodeoxynucleotide was introduced into the left kidney 36 h after the induction of glomerulonephritis. The administration of E2F decoy suppressed the proliferation of mesangial cells by 71%. Furthermore, treatment with the E2F decoy inhibited the glomerular expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen at the protein level as well as the mRNA level. These findings indicate that decoy oligonucleotides can suppress the activity of the transcription factor E2F, and may thus have a potential in treating glomerulonephritis.
Two Views of Present Trends in the Teaching of Internal Medicine
Authors: TINSLEY R. HARRISON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Special Articles1 September 1970Two Views of Present Trends in the Teaching of Internal MedicineTINSLEY R. HARRISON, M.D.TINSLEY R. HARRISON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-3-475 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn one of his many fantasy tales of science fiction H. G. Wells, who out-Verned even Jules Verne in terms of imagination, wrote of the "time machine." With it one could move backward into the past or forward into the future. Let us imagine that such an apparatus has moved Cassandra some 3,000 years into our own era. She encounters Pollyanna. They meet in a large auditorium, and their audience consists entirely of full-time clinical teachers. They discuss modern education in internal medicine in the United States.POLLYANNA: One of the great things is that our full-time faculties are bigger... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Birmingham, Alabama▸The American College of Physicians Distinguished Teacher Award Lecture, presented April 15, 1970, at the 51st Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byVALUING THE PATIENTS VIEWS: A PROBLEM FOR PUBLIC POLICY 1 September 1970Volume 73, Issue 3Page: 475-478KeywordsForecasting Issue Published: 1 September 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Electrical impedance compared with other non-invasive bioengineering techniques and visual scoring for detection of irritation in human skin
Authors: S. OLLMAR, M. NYREN, I. NICANDER, L. EMTESTAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Electrical impedance compared with other non‐invasive bioengineering techniques and visual scoring for detection of irritation in human skin Get access S. OLLMAR, S. OLLMAR Center for Dental Technology and Biomaterials, Karoolinska In Institute, NOVUM, PO Box 4064, S‐14104 Huddinge, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. NYRÉN, M. NYRÉN Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, S‐14186 Huddinge, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. NICANDER, I. NICANDER Center for Dental Technology and Biomaterials, Karoolinska In Institute, NOVUM, PO Box 4064, S‐14104 Huddinge, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. EMTESTAM L. EMTESTAM Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, S‐14186 Huddinge, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 1, 1 January 1994, Pages 29–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06878.x Published: 01 January 1994 Article history Accepted: 10 June 1993 Published: 01 January 1994
Mice lacking the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase develop a late onset progressive myopathy
Authors: Sita Reddy, Daniel B. J. Smith, Mark M. Rich, John M. Leferovich, Patricia Reilly, Brigid M. Davis, Khoa Tran, Helen Rayburn, Roderick Bronson, Didier Cros, Rita J. Balice-Gordon, David Housman
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)