tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inquiry Finds Misconduct by Virus Researcher; Gallo Predicts Appeal Will Overturn Finding
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

ROBERT C. GALLO, MD, and his associate Mikulas Popovic, MD, have been found guilty of scientific misconduct by the Office of Research Integrity, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Gallo has announced that he will appeal and says he expects "to have the finding overturned." At press time, Popovic had just decided to appeal. Working at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md, the two researchers played key roles in the isolation, identification, and propagation of the virus, now called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that is believed to cause the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The report issued by the Office of Research Integrity (in accordance with standing procedures for reviewing such investigations) is the culmination of 3 years of investigation and inquiry by the National Institutes of Health and the Office of Scientific Integrity, the predecessor of the present office. It reverses an investigation that ended in March 1992
Triiodothyronine and Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bedford F. Boylston
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Bennett-Guerrero and colleagues<sup>1</sup>gives the impression that triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) is being considered for routine use in the community as an inotropic agent after coronary artery bypass surgery. My hospital's cost for T<sub>3</sub>is $900, and the cost for dopamine is $15. Dopamine will always be preferential on a routine basis on cost alone. Animal data show that T<sub>3</sub>is most beneficial after severe global myocardial ischemia.<sup>2-4</sup>Yet the study by Bennett-Guerrero et al excluded all preoperative patients requiring intraaortic balloon pump or inotropic support. Essentially, the group of patients most likely to benefit were excluded from the trial. The comparison of a hormone to an inotropic agent is the comparison of apples to oranges. The mechanism of action is different. No one is sure how T<sub>3</sub>works on myocardial cell function. I agree that dopamine is the
The Joint Center for Structural Genomics: exploration of the human gut microbiome
Authors: Ian Wilson
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Deep exome resequencing is a powerful approach for delineating patterns of protein-coding variation among genes, pathways, individuals and populations.We analyzed exome data from 2,440 individuals of European and African ancestry as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Exome Project, the aim of which is to discover novel genes and mechanisms that contribute to heart, lung and blood disorders.Each exome was sequenced to a mean coverage of 116×, allowing detailed inferences about the population genomic patterns of both common variation and rare coding variation.We identifi ed more than 500,000 single nucleotide variations, the majority of which were novel and rare (76% of variants had a minor allele frequency of less than 0.1%), refl ecting the recent dramatic increase in the size of the human population.The unprecedented magnitude of this dataset allowed us to rigorously characterize the large variation in nucleotide diversity among genes (ranging from 0 to 1.32%), as well as the role of positive and purifying selection in shaping patterns of proteincoding variation and the diff erential signatures of population structure from rare and common variation.This dataset provides a framework for personal genomics and is an important resource that will allow inferences of broad importance to human evolution and health.
Long-term recovery after hematopoietic cell transplantation: predictors of quality-of-life concerns
Authors: F. Lennie Wong, Liton Francisco, Kayo Togawa, Alysia Bosworth, Mitzi Gonzales, Cara Hanby, Melanie Sabado, Marcia Grant, Stephen J. Forman, Smita Bhatia
Journal: Blood (2010)
Mid-Term Effectiveness of Behavioral and Psychodynamic Inpatient Treatments of Severe Obesity Based on a Randomized Study
Authors: M.E. Beutel, A. Dippel, M. Szczepanski, R. Thiede, J. Wiltink
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of psychodynamic and behavioral inpatient treatments of severely obese patients regarding weight and distress. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; In a longitudinal study obese patients (body mass index, BMI ≧35) were randomly assigned to behavioral or to psychodynamic inpatient treatment. Mostly female (n = 267; 85%) obese patients with psychiatric and somatic comorbidity (age 20–64 years, BMI 35–74) were examined with standardized self-report scales on distress (SCL-90R), interpersonal problems (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems), eating behavior (Fragebogen zum Essverhalten) and body image (Fragebogen zum Körperbild). &lt;i&gt;Results: &lt;/i&gt;During 49 days (mean) of inpatient treatment, patients lost an average of 5.6 kg (4.4%) in the behavioral (n = 130) and 5.7 kg (4.4%) in the psychodynamic setting (n = 137). In both settings, eating behavior, well-being and body image also improved significantly. One year after discharge, return rate was 73%. Forty percent had further reduced their weight (by more than 5% compared to intake), 36% had regained weight, but were still below intake level, and another 24% had increased weight above intake. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Behavioral and psychodynamic treatments were equally effective reducing weight and distress over 1 year.
557Vangl2-regulated polarisation of second heart field cells is required for outflow tract lengthening
Authors: D J Henderson, SA Ramsbottom, V Sharma, B Chaudhry
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Malformations affecting the outflow of the heart are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. While many of these malformations occur sporadically, studies of families with congenital heart defects, alongside animal studies, have revealed that phenotypically discrete heart malformations can have diverse causes, resulting from disruption of a number of different genes, embryonic lineages or developmental processes. Clarifying the fundamental processes that underpin outflow development is essential to understand this complexity. Planar cell polarity (PCP) is the mechanism by which cells orient themselves in the plane of an epithelium or during directed cell migration, and is regulated by a highly conserved signalling pathway. Mutations in the PCP gene Vangl2, as well as in other key components of the pathway, cause a spectrum of cardiac outflow tract defects. Our objective was to establish which of the several cell lineages that form the developing heart require Vangl2-regulated PCP signalling and why disruption leads to outflow tract defects. Methods and Results: Using a new conditionally floxed allele we show that Vangl2 is required solely within the second heart field (SHF) to direct normal outflow tract lengthening, a process that is required for septation and normal alignment of the aorta and pulmonary trunk with the ventricular chambers. Thus, in the absence of Vangl2 in the SHF the mice develop double outlet right ventricle and ventricular septal defects. Analysis of a range of markers of polarised epithelial tissues showed that in the normal heart, undifferentiated SHF cells move from the dorsal pericardial wall into the distal outflow tract where they acquire an epithelial phenotype, before moving proximally where they differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Thus there is a transition zone in the distal outflow tract where SHF cells become more polarised, turn off progenitor markers and start to differentiate to cardiomyocytes. Membrane-associated Vangl2 marks the proximal extent of this transition zone and, moreover, in the absence of Vangl2, the SHF-derived cells are abnormally polarised cells and do not acquire an epithelial phenotype. As a consequence they prematurely down-regulate the SHF-progenitor marker Isl1 and differentiate to cardiomyocytes. This leads to a shortened outflow tract. Conclusion: Vangl2-regulated polarisation and consequent epithelialisation of the distal outflow tract is essential to lengthen the tubular outflow vessel. This leads to the double outlet right ventricle and ventricular septal defects.
Global alliance sets vaccine strategy for seven deadly diseases
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation has approved a plan to support new and underused vaccines to combat seven deadly diseases in poor nations.

The financial support, expected to be announced at the alliance’s next board meeting in October, will help boost the fight against cervical cancer, cholera, typhoid, meningitis A, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, and rubella.

“This strategy will attack some of the world’s major diseases and gives us a new challenge in our efforts to provide good health to the world’s most vulnerable people,” said Julian Lob-Levyt, executive director of the alliance.

Cervical cancer, for example, Mr Lob-Levyt said, “affects more than five million women …
Persisting low monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression predicts mortality in septic shock
Authors: Guillaume Monneret, Alain Lepape, Nicolas Voirin, Julien Bohé, Fabienne Venet, Anne-Lise Debard, Hélène Thizy, Jacques Bienvenu, François Gueyffier, Philippe Vanhems
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
CLINICALLY MEANINGFUL UNDERESTIMATION OF LDL-C BY FRIEDEWALD AT LEVELS BELOW 70 MG/ DL: A STUDY OF 1.3 MILLION ADULTS
Authors: Seth S. Martin, Michael Blaha, Eliot Brinton, Peter Toth, John McEvoy, Parag Joshi, Krishnaji Kulkarni, Patrick Mize, Peter Kwiterovich, Andrew DeFilippis, Roger Blumenthal, Steven Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
England is in a sexual health crisis, MPs say
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

England is in the midst of a sexual health crisis because people still find it difficult to talk openly to their children about relationships, sex, and sexual health, says a report from a cross party group of MPs.

More people than ever have a sexually transmitted disease, says the report from the health select committee. Yet sexual health services are seriously underfunded and unable to cope with the numbers of patients seeking help.

Figures show that around one in 10 sexually active young women in England is infected with chlamydia. And between …
Perforations Following Dilatation of Oesophageal Strictures: A Report of Three Cases with Recovery
Authors: C. A. Wells, J. H. Hughes, R. Edwards, R. Marcus
Journal: Thorax (1949)

Perforation of the oesophagus is an occasional tragic complication of endoscopy.It is most liable to occur when a carcinoma is present in the oeso- phagus.The three cases of perforation following dilatation of oesophageal strictures which we are reporting are of interest as the mechanism of rupture and surgical pathology was different in each case.The result of surgical intervention was gratifying.CASE REPORTS CASE 1.-This is a case demonstrating the danger of possible rupture of the oesophagus by a mercury- weighted bougie in a patient suffering from cardio- spasm.History.-A married woman aged 63 complained of vomiting of solid food over a period of five years.During this time she had lost 1 stone 6 lb.The vomiting occurred about ten minutes after eating, was gradually getting worse, and she felt that her food was " sticking " in the upper part of the abdomen.At times she had the sensation of " something opening and then the food passed through."For a few months before admission she could only swallow Iiquids, and the regurgitated food contained a large amount of mucus.There was no pain or acid eructation.She was admitted into the Liverpool Royal Infirmary on July 22, 1946, and a radiological examination revealed cardiospasm with considerable oesophageal dilatation (Plate Ia).Nine days after admission a Hurst's mercury weighted bougie passed easily down, the patient guiding it herself, and there was no complaint of discomfort.After removal of the bougie, she vomited about half a cupful of fluid which did not contain any blood.Eight hours later it was noticed that she was looking ill, her tempera- ture being 100.4°F.and the pulse 90 per minute.She complained of generalized abdominal discomfort, most marked in the epigastrium, but there was no further vomiting and no definite pain felt.Sh'. was then seen by us and it was noticed that there Vwts diminished respiratory movement of the abdomen wkfi some guarding of the muscles, maximum in the epigastrium.There was no real rigidity, no tenderness in the lower abdomen, and nothing abnormal on rectal examination.A diag-
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between Hospital/Surgeon Volume and Outcome for Radical Cystectomy: An Update for the Ongoing Debate
Authors: Catharina A. Goossens-Laan, Gea A. Gooiker, Willem van Gijn, Piet N. Post, J.L.H. Ruud Bosch, Paul J.M. Kil, Michel W.J.M. Wouters
Journal: European Urology (2011)
A Case of monoclonal gammopathy associated with acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia suggested to be the result of lineage infidelity
Authors: Toshihito Nagata, Hideo Mugishima, Atsushi Yoden, Kenji Yoshikawa, Tatsuya Oguni, Kuniaki Yamashiro, Shiyunji Yamamori, Kensuke Harada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) accompanied by monoclonal gammopathy is a rare condition, and its pathogenesis and the cytogenetic mechanism of such leukemogenesis have not been determined in detail. A case of AMMoL with eosinophilia accompanied by immunoglobulin G κ monoclonal gammopathy is described. Immunophenotypic studies of the peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells revealed no evidence of abnormally proliferating cells of B-lineage. DNA analyses of bone marrow mononuclear cells containing leukemic cells revealed rearrangement of the κ-light chain (Igκ) gene and c-myc and c-jun proto-oncogenes. The intensities of the rearranged bands for these genes on Southern blot analysis suggested the existence of a major population of leukemic cells with rearranged Igκ gene and minor population(s) of leukemic cells with rearranged c-myc and/or c-jun proto-oncogene(s) in the patient's bone marrow and indicated the occurrence of genetic evolutionary changes in leukemic cells in this patient before starting chemotherapy. These results suggest that these leukemic cells are the most likely candidate for immunoglobulin G κ monoclonal protein production, and structural abnormalities of c-myc and c-jun proto-oncogenes may have contributed to the evolution of leukemic cells in this patient. Am. J. Hematol. 65:66–71, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chest wall "pneumoma": a hitherto unreported clinical entity.
Authors: None Banerjee, S K Khanna, P S Narayanan
Journal: Thorax (1982)

We report the first case in which a localised, well-defined, chest wall swelling has been found to contain only a sub- cutaneous collection of air.The patient has been investi- gated and satisfactorily treated.We propose that this new clinical entity should be called a "pneumoma." Case reportThe patient (RC), a man aged 21 years, was admitted to the GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi, complaining of a swel- ling over the left back, which had grown steadily over four months.The swelling, initially asymptomatic, had become progressively painful and tender to touch.Direct questioning disclosed a neglected injury caused by a blunt object in the same area about a month before the appearance of the swelling.A history of any congenital abnormality or respiratory or bowel disorder was denied.
Tuberculosis in Prisons.
Authors: H. M. Bracken
Journal: JAMA (1904)

charging their seAvage in such a way into the ocean as to pollute shellfish used for edible purposes.The Cooking of Shellfish.Some experiments carried out by the Fishmongers' Company on the cooking of the smaller shellfish are of interest in con¬ nection Avith the scare raised by seAvage-contaminated shellfish.Dr. Klein, bactériologie adviser to the company, has proved that the usual method of cooking only amounts to scalding and can not be relied on to sterilize the fish.The live fish Avith shells tightly closed are held in a net and plunged into boiling water.The immersion of the cold mass lowers the tempera¬ ture, and when, in two or three minutes, the Avater begins to boil again the net is lifted out.Fish that had been kept in typhoid-polluted water so treated Avere found to be swarming Avith typhoid bacilli.Prolonged boiling would no doubt be effective, but it spoils the fish for sale.Dr. Klein then sug¬ gested that cooking by steam, in consequence of its greater penetrative poAver, might be an efficient sterilizer and not spoil the fish as food.Tavo batches of cockles and mussels Avere cooked in a steamer for five and ten minutes.The results were:
Public Health Law in a New Century
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The Constitution allocates public health powers among the federal government and the states. Federal public health powers include the authority to tax, spend, and regulate interstate commerce. These powers enable the federal government to raise revenues, allocate resources, economically penalize risk behavior, and broadly regulate in the public's interest. States have an inherent authority to protect, preserve, and promote the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of the people, termed police powers. Police powers enable states to preserve the public health in areas ranging from injury and disease prevention to sanitation, waste disposal, and environmental protection. The Rehnquist Court has emphasized the limits of federal powers and the primacy of states in public health issues affecting local concerns. Finally, the Constitution safeguards individual interests in autonomy, privacy, liberty, and property. The Supreme Court often defers to public health authorities in matters of public health, but engages in strict scrutiny if government interferes with fundamental freedoms or discriminates against a suspect class. Provided that they act justly and reasonably to avert a serious health threat, the Court should cede to agencies the power to act for the communal good. JAMA. 2000.
Detection of Double Cystic Intestinal Duplication by Meckel's Scan
Authors: Ji-Gang Yang, None Da-Qing, Rui-Rui Hao, Chun-Lin Li, Lan-Fang Zou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Meckel's scan, using technetium-99m pertechnetate, is commonly used for detection of ectopic gastric mucosa. A 9-year-old boy had a 1-year history of anemia and melena. Two days before admission, he had bleeding from the rectum with abdominal pain. Meckel's scan was performed without any pharmacologic pretreatment, and double abnormal foci were demonstrated in the right upper quadrant and in the region superior to the urinary bladder. At surgery, double cystic intestinal duplications were removed. The patient recovered fully after operation.
The Interdigestive Motor Complex of Normal Subjects and Patients with Bacterial Overgrowth of the Small Intestine
Authors: G. Vantrappen, J. Janssens, J. Hellemans, Y. Ghoos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Intraluminal pressures were measured in the gastric antrum and at different levels of the upper small intestine in 18 normal subjects to investigate whether or not the interdigestive motor complex, identified in several animal species, occurs in man and, if so, to determine its characteristics. In all normal subjects, the activity front of the interdigestive motor complex was readily identified as an uninterrupted burst of rhythmic contraction waves that progressed down the intestine and that was followed by a period of quiescence. Quantitative analysis of various parameters of the complex and simultaneous radiological and manometrical observations revealed that it resembled closely the canine interdigestive motor complex. To test the hypothesis that disorders of this motor complex may lead to bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, similar studies were performed in 18 patients with a positive (14)CO(2) bile acid breath test and in an additional control group of 9 patients with a normal (14)CO(2) breath test. All but five patients had normal interdigestive motor complexes. The five patients in whom the motor complex was absent or greatly disordered had bacterial overgrowth as evidenced by (14)CO(2) bile acid breath tests before and after antibiotics. These studies establish the presence and define the characteristics of the normal interdigestive motor complex in man. They also suggest that bacterial overgrowth may be due to a specific motility disorder i.e., complete or almost complete absence of the interdigestive motor complex.
Long-Term Study of Mycophenolate Mofetil as Continuous Induction and Maintenance Treatment for Diffuse Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Tak-Mao Chan, Kai-Chung Tse, Colin Siu-On Tang, Mo-Yin Mok, Fu-Keung Li
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and the sequential use of cyclophosphamide followed by azathioprine (CTX-AZA) demonstrate similar short-term efficacy in the treatment of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN), but MMF is associated with less drug toxicity. Results from an extended long-term study, with median follow-up of 63 mo, that investigated the role of MMF as continuous induction-maintenance treatment for DPLN are presented. Thirty-three patients were randomized to receive MMF, and 31 were randomized to the CTX-AZA treatment arm, both in combination with prednisolone. More than 90% in each group responded favorably (complete or partial remission) to induction treatment. Serum creatinine in both groups remained stable and comparable over time. Creatinine clearance increased significantly in the MMF group, but the between-group difference was insignificant. Improvements in serology and proteinuria were comparable between the two groups. A total of 6.3% in the MMF group and 10.0% of CTX-AZA-treated patients showed doubling of baseline creatinine during follow-up (P = 0.667). Both the relapse-free survival and the hazard ratio for relapse were similar between MMF- and CTX-AZA-treated patients (11 and nine patients relapsed, respectively) and between those with MMF treatment for 12 or >/=24 mo. MMF treatment was associated with fewer infections and infections that required hospitalization (P = 0.013 and 0.014, respectively). Four patients in the CTX-AZA group but none in the MMF group reached the composite end point of end-stage renal failure or death (P = 0.062 by survival analysis). It is concluded that MMF and prednisolone constitute an effective continuous induction-maintenance treatment for DPLN in Chinese patients.
Peritoneal transudate. A diagnostic clue to portal system obstruction in patients with intra-abdominal neoplasms or peritonitis
Authors: Marlys H. Witte, Charles L. Witte, William M. Davis, William R. Cole, Allan E. Dumont
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The protein content of ascitic fluid was determined in 26 patients with intra-abdominal neoplasms or inflammation in whom patency of the portal venous system was evaluated directly at laparotomy or autopsy. Ascitic fluid was high in protein content (respectively 54% and 62% of the plasma level) in both groups except when portal system occlusion was superimposed on the underlying disturbance, in which case ascitic fluid was low in protein content (respectively 8% and 24% of the plasma level). Viewed in the light of observations on the protein content of ascitic fluid in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, these data suggest that, in the absence of marked hypoproteinemia, peritoneal fluid of low protein content signifies marked impairment to portal blood flow into the liver.