tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic influences on osteoarthritis in women: a twin study
Authors: T. D Spector, F. Cicuttini, J. Baker, J. Loughlin, D. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to common forms of osteoarthritis of the hands and knees. <b>Design</b>: Classic twin study with unselected twins who were screened radiologically for osteoarthritis. <b>Subjects</b>: 130 identical and 120 non-identical female twins aged 48-70 recruited from a London based twin register and through a national media campaign. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Similarity in identical compared with non-identical twin pairs for radiographic changes at the interphalangeal and first carpometacarpal joints of the hands and the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint of the knee expressed as intraclass correlations. <b>Results</b>: The intraclass correlations of radiographic osteophytes and narrowing at most sites and the presence of Heberden9s nodes and knee pain were higher in the identical pairs. The intraclass correlation of the total radiographic osteoarthritis score in identical pairs (rMZ) was 0.64 (SE 0.05) compared with 0.38 (0.08) in non-identical pairs. The proportion of genetic variance of total osteoarthritis score (osteophytes and narrowing) with modelling techniques was estimated at 0.54 (95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.65) and ranged from 0.39 to 0.65 for different sites and features (P&lt;0.001) after adjustment for age and weight. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results demonstrate for the first time a clear genetic effect for radiographic osteoarthritis of the hand and knee in women, with a genetic influence ranging from 39-65%, independent of known environmental or demographic confounders. The results of this study should lead to further work on isolating the gene or genes involved in the pathogenesis of this common disabling disease. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Although environmental factors have traditionally been thought to be the main influences, there are few data to support this Between 39% and 65% of osteoarthritis in the general population can be attributed to genetic factors Identification of the genes concerned could have a large impact on the disease in terms of prevention and new therapeutic approaches
Incidence of Idiopathic Deep Venous Thrombosis and Secondary Thromboembolism among Ethnic Groups in California
Authors: Richard H. White, Hong Zhou, Patrick S. Romano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Few studies have compared the incidence of deep venous thrombosis among ethnic groups. Objective: To determine the incidence of deep venous thrombosis among ethnic groups. Design: Analysis of the linked California Patient Discharge Data Set from 1991 to 1994. Setting: California. Patients: 17 991 patients with idiopathic deep venous thrombosis (thrombosis without cancer or hospitalization within preceding 6 months) and 5573 patients with secondary thromboembolism (thromboembolism occurring within 3 months of seven different events). Measurements: Ethnicity was determined by using race as documented in the data set. For idiopathic deep venous thrombosis, standardized age- and sex-adjusted incidences were calculated. For secondary thromboembolism, proportional hazards modeling was done. Results: The annual incidence of idiopathic deep venous thrombosis per 1 000 000 persons older than 18 years of age was 230 for white persons, 293 for African Americans (rate ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.51]), 139 for Hispanic persons (rate ratio, 0.60 [CI, 0.54 to 0.67]), and 60 for Asians and Pacific Islanders (rate ratio, 0.26 [CI, 0.22 to 0.30]). Compared with white persons, Asians and Pacific Islanders who developed secondary thromboembolism had a significantly lower relative risk (range, 0.22 to 0.61) for all seven conditions analyzed. Conclusions: Compared with white persons, Asians and Pacific Islanders have a very low incidence of idiopathic deep venous thrombosis and a very low relative risk for secondary venous thromboembolism.
The inhibitory receptor LILRB1 modulates the differentiation and regulatory potential of human dendritic cells
Authors: Neil T. Young, Edward C. P. Waller, Rashmi Patel, Ali Roghanian, Jonathan M. Austyn, John Trowsdale
Journal: Blood (2007)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate and adaptive immunity, initiating and regulating effector cell responses. They ubiquitously express members of the LILR (ILT, LIR, CD85) family of molecules, some of which recognize self-HLA molecules, but little is known of their possible functions in DC biology. We demonstrate that the inhibitory receptor LILRB1 (ILT2, LIR1, CD85j) is selectively up-regulated during DC differentiation from monocyte precursors in culture. Continuous ligation of LILRB1 modulated cellular differentiation, conferred a unique phenotype upon the resultant cells, induced a profound resistance to CD95-mediated cell death, and inhibited secretion of cytokines IL-10, IL-12p70, and TGF-β. These features remained stable even after exposure of the cells to bacterial LPS. Ligated DCs exhibited poor stimulatory activity for primary and memory T-cell proliferative responses, but this was substantially reversed by blockade of CD80 or its preferred ligand CTLA-4, or by depleting CD4+ CD25+ CD127lo regulatory T cells. Our findings suggest that ligation of LILRB1 on DCs by self-HLA molecules may play a key role in controlling the balance between the induction and suppression of adaptive immune responses.
Initial Experience With Larger Laser Sheaths for the Removal of Transvenous Pacemaker and Implantable Defibrillator Leads
Authors: Laurence M. Epstein, Charles L. Byrd, Bruce L. Wilkoff, Charles J. Love, T. Duncan Sellers, David L. Hayes, Christopher Reiser
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —In a previous randomized trial, the 12F laser sheath removed pacing leads via the implant vein more successfully than traditional mechanical tools alone. Two larger sizes of laser sheath, the 14F and 16F models, were developed to extract defibrillator leads and large-diameter pacing leads implanted for the chronic. These devices use pulsed ultraviolet laser light to core though fibrotic tissue grown over the lead body to free the lead from the vasculature. A mandatory prospective registry studied the safety and effectiveness profiles of the larger laser sheaths vis-à-vis the 12F laser sheath. Methods and Results —In this study, 863 patients underwent extraction of 1285 leads at 52 sites. Patients treated with the 14F device tended to have older leads than the 12F population; the 16F population, which comprised mostly defibrillator patients, were younger, had younger leads, and were more often male than the 12F population. Clinical success (extracting the entire lead or the lead body minus the distal electrode) was observed in 91% to 92% of cases for all device sizes. The overall complication rate was 3.6%, with 0.8% perioperative mortality. Incidence of complications was independent of laser sheath size. Conclusions —The 14F and 16F laser sheaths offer an extraction option for larger long-term transvenous pacemaker and defibrillator leads that is as safe and effective as the 12F laser sheath.
Helicobacter pylori BabA Expression, Gastric Mucosal Injury, and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Saori Fujimoto, Olabisi Olaniyi Ojo, Anna Arnqvist, Jeng Yih Wu, Stefan Odenbreit, Rainer Haas, David Y. Graham, Yoshio Yamaoka
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
New law aims to distance the FDA from the drug industry
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Legislation aimed at ending the close relationship between the US Food and Drug Administration and the drug industry was introduced last week in the House of Representatives by Congressman Maurice Hinchey (Democrat) of New York.

The Food and Drug Administration Improvement Act 2005 has been endorsed by the Center for Science in the Public Interest in Washington, DC, a non-profit education and advocacy organisation. Merrill Goozner, director of the centre's integrity in science project, said it was “exactly what is needed to restore public confidence in the FDA.”

The bill includes several provisions aimed at ending financial conflicts of interest. …
Influence of Training and Experience on Selecting Criteria to Evaluate Medical Care
Authors: Edward H. Wagner, Robert A. Greenberg, Peter B. Imrey, Carolyn A. Williams, Susanne H. Wolf, Michel A. Ibrahim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

To determine whether training and experience affect the selection of process criteria for evaluating medical care, three groups of physicians (family physicians, general pediatricians, and pediatricians specializing in infectious disease) were sent a questionnaire asking their opinions about various clinical actions in 125 clinical situations concerning respiratory infections in infants. Five hundred and twenty-four (54 per cent) physicians returned completed questionnaires. The three groups agreed in 93 (74 per cent) situations, especially about history taking, physical examination, and follow-up observation. Disagreements occurred most often regarding antibiotic use. Of the three groups, the family physicians selected the most extensive list of recommended actions including the greatest number of indications for antibiotics. The general pediatricians selected the fewest situations requiring history taking, physical examination and diagnostic tests. The infectious-disease pediatricians felt the greatest necessity to record history and physical-examination items but were the most restrictive in recommending antibiotics and other drugs.
Australian court rules that passive smoking causes lung cancer, asthma attacks, and respiratory disease.
Authors: S Chapman, S Woodward
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Justice Trevor Morling of the federal court of Australia handed down a ruling on involuntary passive smoking.'If upheld on appeal the Morling judgment will enter the history of modern public health as one of the major turning points in the worldwide efforts to reduce smoking related diseases.The judgment concerned a case brought by the Australian Federation of Consumer Organisations against the Tobacco Institute of Australia over an advertisement lodged in 14 major Australian news- papers on 1 July 1986.The advertisement, headed "A message from those who do ... to those who don't," advanced the argument that "there is little evidence and nothing which proves scientifically that cigarette smoke causes disease in non-smokers."It argued that environmental tobacco smoke was basically an issue of "annoyance" and did not constitute a "health hazard" or "health risk."It cited three health agencies-the Institute of Cancer Research in the United Kingdom; the American Cancer Society; and the World Health Organisation-in ways that implied that these agencies also disputed the view that passive smoking was dangerous.
US cancer center advertisements sell treatments using hope and fear, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Advertisements for cancer centers in the United States promote treatments rather than screening and supportive care and rely on emotional appeals that focus on the hope of cure rather than the comfort and quality of life, a new study has found. 

In the study, researchers looked at 409 magazine and television advertisements placed by 102 US cancer centers in 2012. Their results were published online in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine . Laura B Vater, of the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was the study’s lead author.1

Vater and her …
Exercise Anaerobic Threshold and Ventilatory Efficiency Identify Heart Failure Patients for High Risk of Early Death
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Karlman Wasserman, Caroline Kilkowski, Thomas Kleemann, Andreas Kilkowski, Matthias Bangert, Steffen Schneider, Armin Schwarz, Jochen Senges
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— The maximal oxygen uptake (peak V̇ o 2 ) is used in risk stratification of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Peak V̇ o 2 might be lower than maximally possible if exercise is stopped early because of lack of patient motivation or premature cessation by the investigator. In contrast, the anaerobic threshold (V̇ o 2 AT) and the ventilatory efficiency (V̇ e versus V̇ co 2 slope) are less subject to these influences. Thus, we compared these parameters with peak V̇ o 2 in identifying patients with CHF at increased risk for death within 6 months after evaluation. Methods and Results— We performed cardiopulmonary exercise tests with gas exchange measurements in 223 consecutive patients with CHF (114 coronary artery disease, 92 dilated cardiomyopathy, 17 others) at the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen between 1995 and 1998. We measured peak V̇ o 2 , V̇ o 2 AT and V̇ e versus V̇ co 2 slope. We selected peak V̇ o 2 of ≤14 mL/kg per minute, V̇ o 2 AT of &lt;11 mL/kg per minute, and V̇ e versus V̇ co 2 slope of &gt;34 as threshold values for high risk of death. The median follow-up time was 644 days. Patients with peak V̇ o 2 of ≤14 mL/kg per minute had a &gt;3-fold-increased risk (OR=3.4; CI, 1.3 to 9.1), with V̇ o 2 AT &lt;11 mL/min per kg or V̇ e versus V̇ co 2 slope &gt;34 a 5-fold increased risk for early death (OR=5.3; CI, 1.5 to 19.0; OR=4.8; CI, 1.7 to 13.8, respectively). In patients with both V̇ o 2 AT &lt;11 mL/kg per minute and V̇ e versus V̇ co 2 slope &gt;34, the risk of early death was 10-fold higher (OR=9.6; CI, 2.1 to 44.7). After correction for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, and New York Heart Association class in a multivariate analysis, the combination of V̇ o 2 AT &lt;11 mL/kg per minute and V̇ e versus V̇ co 2 slope &gt;34 was the best predictor of 6-month mortality (RR=5.1, P =0.001). Conclusions— V̇ o 2 AT of &lt;11 mL/kg per minute and slope of V̇ e versus V̇ co 2 &gt;34, combined, better identified patients at high risk for early death from CHF than did peak V̇ o 2 and should therefore be considered when prioritizing patients for heart transplantation.
Aspirin and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Greg A. Burkhart
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 September 1995Aspirin and Colorectal CancerGreg A. Burkhart, MD, MSGreg A. Burkhart, MD, MSCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration; Rockville, MD 20857Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-5-199509010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The analysis of the ongoing Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), focusing on the risks for colorectal cancer and adenoma during aspirin exposure, was timely and well conceived [1]. The findings provide compelling evidence that colorectal cancer developing during aspirin use may be diagnosed at a less advanced stage. Although this effect was probably due to earlier diagnosis, a direct effect on cancer cell growth has not been excluded. Further confirmation and clarification of this effect could result in a substantial public health benefit.Because aspirin users in the HPFS may have had a lower risk for colorectal ...References1. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Ascherio A, Willett WC. Aspirin use and the risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma in male health professionals. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:241-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Greg A. Burkhart, MD, MSAffiliations: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration; Rockville, MD 20857 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 5Page: 390-391KeywordsAdenomasAspirinColonoscopyColorectal cancerEndoscopyPrevention, policy, and public healthRelative risk ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Measurement of Azygos Venous Blood Flow by a Continuous Thermal Dilution Technique: An Index of Blood Flow Through Gastroesophageal Collaterals in Cirrhosis†
Authors: Jaime Bosch, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

A method to quantitate blood flow through the gastroesophageal collaterals in portal hypertensive patients was developed. Since gastroesophageal collaterals drain into the azygos system, it is postulated that measurement of blood flow in the azygos vein should provide a quantitative measurement of gastroesophageal collateral blood flow changes in portal hypertensive patients. Azygos blood flow was measured using a double thermodilution catheter directed under fluoroscopy to the azygos vein. Ten patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were studied. Five of these patients had a history of repeated bleeding from gastroesophageal varices (Group I). The azygos blood flow in these patients was 596 +/- 78 ml per min. The other five patients all had decompressive surgery of the portal system (Group II). In these patients the azygos venous blood flow was 305 +/- 29 ml per min (p less than 0.01). The coefficient of variation of repeated baseline measurements was of 4.4 +/- 0.6%. The azygos venous blood flow measurement is a rapid, simple and sensitive method to evaluate blood flow changes in the vessels involved in gastroesophageal bleeding due to portal hypertension.
Reslizumab Treatment for Moderate to Severe Asthma with Elevated Blood Eosinophil Levels
Authors: Mario Castro, James Zangrilli, Michael E. Wechsler, Eric Donn Bateman, Guy Brusselle, Philip G. Bardin, Kevin R. Murphy, Jorge F. Maspero, Christopher O'Brien, Stephanie Korn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING IN ACUTE EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: M. BERNARD BRAHDY
Journal: JAMA (1934)

At the beginning of the paralytic stage of poliomyelitis, many patients with paralysis of the lower cranial nerves have difficulty in swallowing. This condition is seen more frequently in the hospital than in private practice. This may be because inability to swallow is an alarming symptom and, when it occurs, the parents request hospitalization for the patient. One of the questions we were frequently asked was whether the patient would be able to swallow again. Based on our experience in the past, we always gave a good prognosis. However, when some of the patients were unable to swallow week after week, we turned to the literature for information. The available data on the subject were very meager and for that reason we present our observations. During the period from July 1 to Dec. 1, 1933, there were 123 patients with cranial nerve lesions due to poliomyelitis admitted to the Willard
Background information on high voltage fields.
Authors: D E Janes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The increased demand for power has led to higher voltages for overhead transmission lines. Environmentalists, governmental agencies, and some members of the scientific community have questioned if past biological effects research and experience with lower voltage lines provide adequate bases for predicting the possible health and environmental effects of the higher voltage lines. Only a small amount of work has been done to explore the possible effects, especially long term effects, of the exposure of biological systems to electric fields from transmission lines. Research in Western Europe and the United States has not identified any prompt or acute effects other than spark and electric discharge and no permanent effects. Contrasted with this are the studies of workers in Soviet and Spanish high voltage switchyards that report effects, such as excitability, headaches, drowsiness, fatique, and nausea, that are not found in Soviet line maintenance workers. The results of current and planned research, supported by both U.S. Government agencies and the private sector, should resolve a number of the present uncertanties and provide answers for the many questions concerning potential effects.
Topical vitamin D<sub>3</sub>(tacalcitol) for steroid-resistant prurigo
Authors: I. KATAYAMA, Y. MIYAZAKI, K. NISHIKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

A topical vitamin D3 ointment (tacalcitol) was prescribed for patients with long-lasting pruriginous lesions (four with prurigo nodularis and seven with subacute prurigo, four of whom had atopic dermatitis). Seven of 11 cases had not responded to a topical steroid ointment and even to occlusive application of the ointment. Nine of 11 cases showed a significant clinical response to this new regimen within 4 weeks. Epidermal Fc epsilon R1(+) dendritic cells were increased in number in prurigo nodularis and reduced to normal level after the therapy. Topical vitamin D3 ointment might be an alternative therapy for steroid-resistant prurigo.
'One for the road' can lead to loss of license for Minnesota drivers
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A major problem associated with abuse of alcohol, of course, is the intoxicated operator of a vehicle in traffic. Now, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in Washington, DC, reports that suspension of operators' licenses by direct administrative action, rather than prolonged court procedures, "is a prompt, effective way to remove driving-while-intoxicated offenders from the road." The agency cites the state of Minnesota, where a law provides for a 90-day license revocation that can be served directly by the investigating police officer to any driver whose breath test indicates a blood alcohol concentration greater than 0.10 mg/dL. If the driver refuses to let authorities test his or her breath, the license can be suspended for 180 days. (The driver has the right to request a hearing on such suspensions.) The federal agency says Minnesota's law originally was passed in 1976, then strengthened two years ago. Diane K. Steed, administrator of
Allopurinol and Gouty Hyperuricemia
Authors: Gerald P. Rodnan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The effect of daily administration of a single 300-mg tablet of allopurinol on serum urate levels was compared with the effect of divided doses of the drug (100 mg three times a day) in an open-labeled crossover trial of 20 patients with hyperuricemia and gout. Under both regimens of treatment there was a prompt fall in serum urate levels, and analysis of variance indicated no significant difference between the two modes of administration of allopurinol. Nor was there any significant difference in the minimum serum levels of oxypurinol. On the basis of this short-term study, the use of a single 300-mg tablet of allopurinol per day appears to be an effective means of lowering the elevated serum urate levels of individuals with gouty hyperuricemia and compares favorably with the results obtained by allopurinol in divided doses. (<i>JAMA</i>231:1143-1147, 1975)
The Efficacy Of ProstaScint Imaging In The Localization Of Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: X. Lin, J. Machac, C. Kim, B. Krynyckyi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine