tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ogoshi Sen Sai, A Great and Humble Man
Authors: Michael J. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

I have had many outstanding teachers but have never been exposed to one who is as knowledgeable and humble as the man I recently met when I traveled to Japan to observe Japanese endoscopic techniques. I had written Dr Kazuei Ogoshi of Niigata Cancer Center months before, and he consented to my coming. Dr Ogoshi was responsible for the design of one of the scopes we use today for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and for directly or indirectly teaching this technique to most of the Western world. In 1969, Dr Ogoshi became the third person in the world to do ERCP. Over the next few years he taught the endoscopists from England, West Germany, and the United States. Soon after this, Dr Ogoshi came to the United States to enlighten physicians at Harvard, Boston University, and Tufts. I arrived at the Niigata airport and was greeted personally by Dr Ogoshi.
Occurrence vs Claims-Made Medical Professional Liability Insurance Policies
Authors: Ilene Davidson Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

DECISIONS regarding medical professional liability insurance, also known as malpractice insurance, require an understanding of the fundamental differences between the two types of insurance coverage available to physicians. In addition to a discussion of the distinctions between the basic types of coverage, this article will detail several coverage problems that physicians can encounter. <h3>Occurrence Coverage</h3> Two basic types of medical professional liability coverage are available: occurrence and claims-made. The concept of occurrence coverage is relatively straightforward: occurrence policies cover a physician (ie, the insurer will defend the physician and pay out, if necessary, on claims that are asserted against the physician) for claims arising from incidents that occurred during the period of time the physician was covered by the policy. An<i>incident</i>(also variably called a<i>medical incident</i>) is typically defined by insurers as an act or omission that causes injury or damage to another and that arises during the
Are right and left ventricular ejection fractions equal? Ejection fractions in normal subjects and in patients with first acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: J Marving, P F Høilund-Carlsen, B Chraemmer-Jørgensen, N Gadsbøll
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF and LVEF) were determined by radionuclide imaging in 37 normal subjects and 37 patients by means of (1) the traditional way of calculating ejection fraction from first-pass time-activity curves of each ventricle generated from a single fixed ventricular region of interest, (2) dual first-pass time-activity curves generated from the end-diastolic and end-systolic regions, respectively, and (3) the multigated equilibrium method, also applying separate regions in end-diastole and end-systole for each ventricle. Values for RVEF measured by method 2 were significantly higher than values obtained by methods 1 and 3. In normal subjects, the values for RVEF measured by method 2 were equal to the values for LVEF determined by either this method or the equilibrium technique. Methods 1 and 3 had a tendency for underestimation of RVEF, probably because of inclusion of right atrial activity into the right ventricular region of interest. Methods 2 and 3 were applied to measure RVEF and LVEF, respectively, in 153 patients in the second week after first acute myocardial infarction. Among these, 25% had normal ejection fractions, 47% had a decrease in only LVEF, 8% a decrease in only RVEF, and 20% a decrease in both RVEF and LVEF.
Lung Cancers Overdiagnosed With Low-Dose CT
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allergen‐specific basophil reactivity exhibits daily variations in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: N. Ando, Y. Nakamura, K. Ishimaru, H. Ogawa, K. Okumura, S. Shimada, A. Nakao
Journal: Allergy (2014)

It remains poorly understood how symptoms in allergic rhinitis are most severe during overnight or early in the morning. The circadian clock consisting of a network of several 'clock genes' including Clock drives daily rhythms in physiology. This study showed that allergen-induced surface CD203c expression on basophils in seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by Japanese cedar pollen exhibited a time-of-day-dependent variation associated with temporal variations in canonical circadian clock gene expression. We also found that bone-marrow-derived basophils (BM basophils) generated from wild-type mice exhibited a time-of-day-dependent variation in IgE-mediated IL-4 and histamine production, which was not observed in BM basophils generated from Clock-mutated mice. Therefore, allergen-specific basophil reactivity shows daily variations depending on the circadian clock activity in basophils, which could partly explain temporal symptomatic variations in allergic rhinitis. Additionally, circadian variations in CD203c expression should be considered for interpretation of this biomarker in clinical research.
Innate immune response of bovine mammary gland to pathogenic bacteria responsible for mastitis
Authors: Javier Oviedo-Boyso, Juan J. Valdez-Alarcón, Marcos Cajero-Juárez, Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa, Joel E. López-Meza, Alejandro Bravo-Patiño, Víctor M. Baizabal-Aguirre
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in England: a study in the Oxford region, 1985-6.
Authors: P. J. Bingley, E. A. Gale
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus up to the age of 21 in a geographically defined population in England with independent validation of completeness of case ascertainment. DESIGN--Prospective registration of newly diagnosed cases supplemented by centralised hospital discharge records and death certificates. Validation of ascertainment from general practitioners. SETTING--Oxford Regional Health Authority area (population 2.4 million). PATIENTS--All patients with insulin dependent diabetes diagnosed below age 21 during 1985-6 and resident in the region at the time of diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS--None. END POINT--Validation of a method of case ascertainment for assessing temporal variation in incidence of insulin dependent diabetes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--The overall yearly incidence of newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in people under 21 was 15.6 cases/100,000 (95% confidence interval 13.6 to 17.6). Among males the incidence was 16.8 cases (14.0 to 19.7)/100,000 and among females 14.3 cases (11.6 to 17.1)/100,000. The highest incidence, in the 10-14 year age group, was 26.4 (20.9 to 31.8) new cases/100,000 population yearly. Case ascertainment was greater than 95%. CONCLUSIONS--The incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in England is considerably higher than reported from large scale studies. It is consistent with described patterns of geographical variation. The figures provide a baseline for assessing temporal change.
Coronary Vascular Effects of Griseofulvin
Authors: Alan A. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

GRISEOFULVIN, an antibiotic with fungistatic properties, has relieved such peripheral vascular disorders as shoulder-hand syndrome<sup>1</sup>and arterial spasm of the hand associated with onychomycosis.<sup>2</sup>In the latter study it was also observed that one patient with angina pectoris obtained complete relief from anginal episodes during treatment. More recently, DePasquale et al<sup>3</sup>reported that the drug reduced the number of attacks of angina pectoris in each of ten patients. Since there is apparently no available pharmacological information concerning the coronary vascular effects of griseofulvin, some of these effects were investigated in animals and the results interpreted in relation to the cited clinical findings. <h3>Methods and Results</h3> When griseofulvin (Fulvicin), 10 to 100μg, was injected into the cannulated left anterior descending coronary artery of anesthetized, open-chest dogs, coronary blood flow, as measured by the Shipley-Wilson rotameter,<sup>4</sup>was increased and arterial pressure was unchanged. The volume injected did not
TCT-177 Three-Year Results of the PLATINUM Small Vessel and Long Lesion Trials Evaluating the Platinum Chromium Everolimus-Eluting Stent in De Novo Coronary Artery Lesions
Authors: Paul Teirstein, Gregg Stone, Ian T. Meredith, Robert L. Feldman, Abram C. Rabinowitz, Tommy C. Lee, Dean Kereiakes, Didier Carrié, Dominic J. Allocco, Keith D. Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Acyclovir: A Decade Later
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood, Richard J. Whitley, John W. Gnann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

REPORTS of the clinical efficacy of acyclovir, a selective and specific inhibitor of herpesvirus replication, appeared in the literature a decade ago. Acyclovir has become the most widely prescribed and clinically effective antiviral drug available, and research on new indications is ongoing. This review will summarize our current understanding of the indications as well as the limitations of acyclovir therapy.Mechanism of Action and Spectrum of Antiviral ActivityAcyclovir (9-[2-hydroxyethoxymethyl]guanine) is a selective inhibitor of the replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 and varicella–zoster virus.1 , 2 It is converted by virus-encoded thymidine kinase to its monophosphate derivative, . . .
Amphipathic Peptide-Based Fusion Peptides and Immunoconjugates for the Targeted Ablation of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Kaushal Rege, Suraj J. Patel, Zaki Megeed, Martin L. Yarmush
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract We describe the design, generation, and in vitro evaluation of targeted amphipathic fusion peptides and immunoconjugates for the ablation of prostate cancer cells. The overexpression of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was exploited as means to specifically deliver cytotoxic peptides to prostate cancer cells. Cationic amphipathic lytic peptides were chosen as cytotoxic agents due to their ability to depolarize mitochondrial membranes and induce apoptosis. Specific delivery of the lytic peptide was facilitated by PSMA-targeting peptides and antibodies. Our results indicate that although the use of PSMA-targeted peptides only modestly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of the lytic peptide, peptide-antibody conjugates were two orders of magnitude more potent than untargeted peptide. In addition to quantifying the cytotoxic activities of the individual constructs, we also investigated the mechanisms of cell death induced by the fusion peptides and immunoconjugates. Although fusion peptides induced oncotic/necrotic death in cells, treatment with immunoconjugates resulted in apoptotic death. In summary, immunoconjugates based on lytic peptides are a promising class of therapeutics for prostate cancer therapy and warrant further investigation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6368–75]
Compartmentalized chemokine-dependent regulatory T-cell inhibition of allergic pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Roshi Afshar, James P. Strassner, Edward Seung, Benjamin Causton, Josalyn L. Cho, R. Scott Harris, Daniel L. Hamilos, Benjamin D. Medoff, Andrew D. Luster
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The Relationship of Unipolar Chest Leads to the Electrical Field of the Heart
Authors: ROBERT P. GRANT
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Using a method for measuring the electrical forces of the human heart in three dimensional space, studies of the precordial leads are reported which were designed to determine whether these deflections are principally measurements of the electrical field of the heart as a whole or are dominated by the forces from the region of the heart immediately beneath the electrode. It was found that the former was the case, which leads to a simpler and more rational method for interpreting the electrocardiogram than has been available heretofore.
Relation of Torsion and Myocardial Strains to LV Ejection Fraction in Hypertension
Authors: Mustafa I. Ahmed, Ravi V. Desai, Krishna K. Gaddam, Bharath A. Venkatesh, Shilpi Agarwal, Seidu Inusah, Steven G. Lloyd, Thomas S. Denney, David Calhoun, Louis J. Dell'italia, Himanshu Gupta
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Selective digestive decontamination in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Ph. Loirat, W. G. Johanson, H. K. F. Van Saene, A. Bauernfeind, A. Binslev, K. Falke, R. G. Finch, R. Launois, M. Reynaert, J. L. Robotham, G. Tognoni, A. Torres, J. W. M. Van Der Meer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
FUNKENSTEIN TEST IN NEWLY ADMITTED FEMALE SCHIZOPHRENICS
Authors: ROBIE T. CHILDERS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

This study of 172 Funkenstein tests administered to 48 newly admitted female schizophrenics and scored by 4 methods echoes the sentiment expressed by most authors in recent years, i.e., the Funkenstein test offers little in the way of predicting the treatment of choice or the prognosis that can be expected.
Correction of Murine Bernard–Soulier Syndrome by Lentivirus-mediated Gene Therapy
Authors: Sachiko Kanaji, Erin L Kuether, Scot A Fahs, Jocelyn A Schroeder, Jerry Ware, Robert R Montgomery, Qizhen Shi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by a defect in the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex. The main treatment for BSS is platelet transfusion but it is often limited to severe bleeding episodes or surgical interventions due to the risk of alloimmunization. We have previously reported successful expression of human GPIbα (hGPIbα) in human megakaryocytes using a lentiviral vector (LV) encoding human GP1BA under control of the platelet-specific integrin αIIb promoter (2bIbα). In this study, we examined the efficacy of this strategy for the gene therapy of BSS using GPIbα(null) as a murine model of BSS. GPIbα(null) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) transduced with 2bIbα LV were transplanted into lethally irradiated GPIbα(null) littermates. Therapeutic levels of hGPIbα expression were achieved that corrected the tail bleeding time and improved the macrothrombocytopenia. Sequential bone marrow (BM) transplants showed sustained expression of hGPIbα with similar phenotypic correction. Antibody response to hGPIbα was documented in 1 of 17 total recipient mice but was tolerated without any further treatment. These results demonstrate that lentivirus-mediated gene transfer can provide sustained phenotypic correction of murine BSS, indicating that this approach may be a promising strategy for gene therapy of BSS patients.
ABC of labour care: Physiology and management of normal labour
Authors: P. Steer, C. Flint
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A 24-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome complicated by lupus nephritis presented with acute limb ischaemia secondary to an embolus. Following embolectomy, the patient underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram which revealed a large vegetation on all three cusps of the aortic valve. The patient was taken for an urgent aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve. Cultures of one cusp remained sterile. Histopathological examination of the remaining two cusps revealed sterile fibrin-rich thrombotic vegetations characteristic of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
"Hands-free" mobile phones may be safer than the rest
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Using “hands-free” kits with mobile phones seems to be safer than holding these phone directly against the head, according to research commissioned by the Department of Trade and Industry.

Tests showed that the kits offered “substantially” reduced exposure to radiation, and when ferrite suppressors were added to the earpiece cables, even lower levels of exposure were recorded.

The research, carried out by an independent company, …
Beneficial Associations of Physical Activity With 2-h but Not Fasting Blood Glucose in Australian Adults
Authors: Genevieve N. Healy, David W. Dunstan, Jonathan E. Shaw, Paul Z. Zimmet, Neville Owen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—We examined the associations of physical activity with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and with 2-h postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) in men and women with low, moderate, and high waist circumference. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study provided data on a population-based cross-sectional sample of 4,108 men and 5,106 women aged ≥25 years without known diabetes or health conditions that could affect physical activity. FPG and 2-h PG were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Self-reported physical activity level was defined according to the current public health guidelines as active (≥150 min/week across five or more sessions) or inactive (&amp;lt;150 min/week and/or less than five sessions). Sex-specific quintiles of physical activity time were used to ascertain dose response. RESULTS—Being physically active and total physical activity time were independently and negatively associated with 2-h PG. When physical activity level was considered within each waist circumference category, 2-h PG was significantly lower in active high–waist circumference women (β −0.30 [95% CI −0.59 to −0.01], P = 0.044) and active low–waist circumference men (β −0.25 [−0.49 to −0.02], P = 0.036) compared with their inactive counterparts. Considered across physical activity and waist circumference categories, 2-h PG levels were not significantly different between active moderate–waist circumference participants and active low–waist circumference participants. Associations between physical activity and FPG were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS—There are important differences between 2-h PG and FPG related to physical activity. It appears that 2-h PG is more sensitive to the beneficial effects of physical activity, and these benefits occur across the waist circumference spectrum.
How to Do Research Fairly in an Unjust World
Authors: Angela J. Ballantyne
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

International research, sponsored by for-profit companies, is regularly criticised as unethical on the grounds that it exploits research subjects in developing countries. Many commentators agree that exploitation occurs when the benefits of cooperative activity are unfairly distributed between the parties. To determine whether international research is exploitative we therefore need an account of fair distribution. Procedural accounts of fair bargaining have been popular solutions to this problem, but I argue that they are insufficient to protect against exploitation. I argue instead that a maximin principle of fair distribution provides a more compelling normative account of fairness in relationships characterised by extreme vulnerability and inequality of bargaining potential between the parties. A global tax on international research would provide a mechanism for implementing the maximin account of fair benefits. This model has the capacity to ensure fair benefits and thereby prevent exploitation in international research.
The Dental School at Guy's
Authors: H. Sewill
Journal: BMJ (1889)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes are regulated by muscle electrical activity. E-box sequences found in their promoters are necessary for this regulation. However, many muscle genes contain E-boxes, yet are not regulated by muscle depolarization. This suggests that other elements are necessary, perhaps working in conjunction with E-boxes, to confer depolarization-dependent control onto promoter activity. We have used direct DNA injection into muscle as an <i>in vivo</i> assay to identify and characterize these additional elements. Mutagenesis and expression assays identified multiple elements within the first 81&nbsp;base pairs (bp) of the nAChR δ-subunit promoter that contribute to its regulation by muscle electrical activity. Within this 81&nbsp;bp sequence, two regions of DNA were identified that were capable of conferring activity-dependent regulation onto a heterologous promoter. The stronger of these two putative enhancers was characterized further. It is a 47&nbsp;bp sequence that contains an E-box along with sequences similar to the SV40 core enhancer and an SP1 site. Site-directed mutagenesis identified residues within each of these sequences that were necessary for enhancer activity. Furthermore, methylation interference DNA footprinting assays showed increased nuclear protein binding to sequences within both these enhancers after muscle denervation, and this pattern of binding was very similar to that observed with nuclear protein isolated from myotube extracts. These latter results suggest that similar mechanisms may mediate increased nAChR expression during muscle development and after muscle denervation.
Action of the Cholera-Poison
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1870)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Metastatic skin cutaneous melanomas remain a significant clinical problem. In particular, those melanomas that do not contain a gain-of-function <i>BRAF</i> allele remain challenging to treat because of the paucity of targets for therapeutic intervention. Thus, here we investigate the role of the ERBB4 receptor tyrosine kinase in skin cutaneous melanomas that contain wild-type <i>BRAF</i> alleles (“<i>BRAF</i> WT melanomas”). We have performed <i>in silico</i> analyses of a public repository (The Cancer Genome Atlas - TCGA) of skin cutaneous melanoma gene expression and mutation data (TCGA-SKCM data set). These analyses demonstrate that ERBB4 overexpression strongly correlates with <i>RAS</i> gene or <i>NF1</i> mutations that stimulate RAS signaling. Thus, these results have led us to hypothesize that elevated ERBB4 signaling promotes PI3K signaling, which cooperates with elevated RAS signaling to drive <i>BRAF</i> WT melanomas. We have tested this hypothesis using commercially available <i>BRAF</i> WT melanoma cell lines. Overexpression of wild-type ERBB4 stimulates clonogenic proliferation of the MEL-JUSO, MEWO, and IPC-298 BRAF WT melanoma cell lines. Moreover, overexpression of a dominant-negative ERBB4 (K751M) mutant inhibits clonogenic proliferation of the MEL-JUSO and MEWO cell lines. We discuss how these results may impact strategies for treating metastatic <i>BRAF</i> WT skin cutaneous melanomas.