tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
18 BETA-2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR FUNCTION IS DIFFERENT ACCORDING TO PROPRANOLOL RESPONSE AND POLYMORPHISMS PRESENCE IN PORTAL HYPERTENSION CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: A.M. Peiró, L. Gómez-Escolar, P. Zapater, P. Giménez, J.M. Palazón
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
The Immune Receptor NOD1 and Kinase RIP2 Interact with Bacterial Peptidoglycan on Early Endosomes to Promote Autophagy and Inflammatory Signaling
Authors: Aaron T. Irving, Hitomi Mimuro, Thomas A. Kufer, Camden Lo, Richard Wheeler, Lorinda J. Turner, Belinda J. Thomas, Christian Malosse, Michael P. Gantier, Linda N. Casillas, Bartholomew J. Votta, John Bertin, Ivo G. Boneca, Chihiro Sasakawa, Dana J. Philpott, Richard L. Ferrero, Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Reply to: “The importance of prognostic factors in cirrhosis”
Authors: Macarena Simón-Talero, Rafael Esteban, Juan Córdoba
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

[1] Simon-Talero M, Garcia-Martinez R, Torrens M, Augustin S, Gomez S, Pereira G, et al. Effects of intravenous albumin in patients with cirrhosis and episodic hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized double-blind study. J Hepatol 2013;59:1184–1192. [2] Bustamante J, Rimola A, Ventura PJ, Navasa M, Cirera I, Reggiardo V, et al. Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1999;30:890–895.
Transforming Research Strategies for Understanding and Preventing Obesity
Authors: Terry T.-K. Huang
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TCT-91 Peri-valvular Aortic Regurgitation in Balloon-expendable and Self-expendable TAVI procedures: Predictors and Impact on clinical outcome - Insights from the FRANCE2 Registry
Authors: Eric Van Belle, Francis Juthier, Jean - Luc Auffray, Marc Laskar, Alain Leguerrier, Bernard Lung, Martine Gilard, Helene Eltchaninoff, Carlo Banfi, Jean Fajadet, Pascal Leprince, Alain Prat, Emmanuel Teiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
CSF1/CSF1R Blockade Reprograms Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages and Improves Response to T-cell Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer Models
Authors: Yu Zhu, Brett L. Knolhoff, Melissa A. Meyer, Timothy M. Nywening, Brian L. West, Jingqin Luo, Andrea Wang-Gillam, S. Peter Goedegebuure, David C. Linehan, David G. DeNardo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy generally offers limited clinical benefit without coordinated strategies to mitigate the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment. Critical drivers of immune escape in the tumor microenvironment include tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which not only mediate immune suppression, but also promote metastatic dissemination and impart resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Thus, strategies to ablate the effects of these myeloid cell populations may offer great therapeutic potential. In this report, we demonstrate in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that inhibiting signaling by the myeloid growth factor receptor CSF1R can functionally reprogram macrophage responses that enhance antigen presentation and productive antitumor T-cell responses. Investigations of this response revealed that CSF1R blockade also upregulated T-cell checkpoint molecules, including PDL1 and CTLA4, thereby restraining beneficial therapeutic effects. We found that PD1 and CTLA4 antagonists showed limited efficacy as single agents to restrain PDAC growth, but that combining these agents with CSF1R blockade potently elicited tumor regressions, even in larger established tumors. Taken together, our findings provide a rationale to reprogram immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the tumor microenvironment under conditions that can significantly empower the therapeutic effects of checkpoint-based immunotherapeutics. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5057–69. ©2014 AACR.
Transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 activates hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Mariko Esumi, Mariko Ishibashi, Hiromi Yamaguchi, Satomi Nakajima, Yuhi Tai, Sachiko Kikuta, Masahiko Sugitani, Tadatoshi Takayama, Maino Tahara, Makoto Takeda, Takaji Wakita
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

The human liver reacts to hepatitis C virus (HCV) with a balanced response consisting of host anti‐ and proviral activities. To explore these subtle host responses, we used oligonucleotide microarrays to investigate the differential gene expression between two groups of liver samples with high and low HCV loads (&gt;100‐fold difference). We identified and validated 26 genes that were up‐regulated in livers with high HCV loads, including transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Trypsin inhibitors inhibited the infection of Huh7‐25‐CD81 cells with cell‐culture–derived HCV (HCVcc) of Japanese fulminant hepatitis 1 isolate at the postbinding and entry step, and trypsin enhanced HCVcc infection at an early stage of infection. Several major transmembrane serine proteases, in particular, furin and hepsin, were detected in Huh7‐25‐CD81 cells, but TMPRSS2 was not. Huh7‐25‐CD81 cell clones stably expressing TMPRSS2‐ WT (wild type) and inactive TMPRSS2‐mutant genes showed positive and negative enhancement of their susceptibility to HCVcc infection, respectively. The enhanced susceptibility of TMPRSS2‐WT Huh7‐25‐CD81 cells was confirmed by knockdown of TMPRSS2 using small interfering RNA. The cell‐surface protease activity of TMPRSS2‐WT cells was markedly active in the cleavage of QAR and QGR, corresponding to amino acid residues at P3 to P1. Conclusion : The cell‐surface activity of a trypsin‐like serine protease, such as TMPRSS2, activates HCV infection at the postbinding and entry stage. Host transmembrane serine proteases may be involved in the sensitivity, persistence, and pathogenesis of HCV infection and be possible targets for antiviral therapy. (H epatology 2015;61:438‐447)
Adaptive and nonadaptive explanations of sociopathy
Authors: Chris Moore, Michael R. Rose
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract We doubt that primary sociopathy is adaptive, for three reasons: First, its prevalence is too low to require an adaptive explanation. Second, a common sequela of damage to the orbito-frontal lobes is “pseudopsychopathy.” Any pattern of behavior that can be produced by brain damage is unlikely to be adaptive. Third, we argue that most human social behavior is not under tight genetic control, but is produced by open-ended calculation of fitness-contingencies.
Infection-Control Report Cards — Securing Patient Safety
Authors: Robert A Weinstein, Jane D Siegel, P J Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

For many of us, the specter of report cards conjures up anxiety dreams. Nevertheless, public report cards have infiltrated many industries — airlines and banking, for instance — and various levels of government, and health care appears to be next. The belief that hospitals reporting lower infection rates are safer and that informed consumers will obtain safer care has driven many U.S. states to consider legislation requiring report cards on nosocomial infections.Advocates of public reporting have been spurred on by the occurrence of nosocomial infections in 5 to 10 percent of hospitalized patients; increasing rates of antibiotic resistance; press . . .
The Effect of Behavioral Intervention on the Psychological Distress of Holocaust Survivors with Cancer
Authors: L. Baider, T. Peretz, Kaplan de-Nour
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Methods: This study describes a particular psychological intervention offered to a unique self-selected population of cancer patients who, 50 years earlier, had experienced the extreme trauma of the Holocaust. A total of 45 patients in follow-up at the Outpatient Clinic of the Oncology Department at the Hadassah University Hospital were approached. Two self-reports were administered: the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess psychological distress, and the Impact of Events Scale to assess intrusion and avoidance. Results: There was a significant decrease in distress by the specific short-term psychological intervention used in this traumatized population. However, 3 months later the improvement virtually disappeared. Conclusion: This study failed to demonstrate a long-lasting effect of behavioral intervention upon Holocaust survivors with cancer.
Clinical Gynaecology: Integration of Structure and Function
Authors: Robert W. Kistner
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This book is written primarily for medical students but should be of value to residents in obstetrics and gynecology, and general surgery. The authors have attempted to blend a basic science (anatomy) with a clinical discipline (gynecology) and thus integrate structure and function of the female organs. They have been eminently successful in presenting this novel approach.  The book format employs a terse almost summary-like description of specific anatomic areas followed by similarly crisp comments of clinical importance. For example, after the perineal musculature has been discussed, the importance of relaxation is cited in picturesque fashion. When the vulval orifice gapes excessively sudden body movements may result in air entering and being forcibly and audibly expelled from the  This embarrassing condition has aptly been labelled `garrulity' of the vagina.  Numerous excellent illustrations have comparable economy of line and serve to clarify the anatomic descriptions. The clinical and operative application
Renal disease in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P A Dieppe, D V Doyle, H C Burry, S M Tucker
Journal: BMJ (1976)

N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) is a sensitive indicator of renal damage. When the urinary NAG levels of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were measured a highly significant difference was detected between the mean urinary NAG excretion of the patients with RA (341 +/- 294-92 nmol h-1 mg creatinine-1) and that of 60 matched controls (67-53 +/- 16-93 nmol h-1 mg creatinine-1). In 10 patients studied no correlation could be shown between the urinary NAG levels and levels in either serum or synovial fluid. A significant positive correlation was noted between urinary NAG excretion and disease activity as estimated by the Lansbury activity index, the Ritchie articular index, and the haemaglobin level. An abnormally raised urinary NAG excretion was detected in eight out of 20 previously untreated patients with RA, which suggested that the rheumatoid process may affect renal function.
Giant Hernias Managed by Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: David P. Connolly
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Pneumoperitoneum to reestablish abdominal space for the visceral contents of massive hernias has been little used in this country. Three patients were treated by this technique. The amounts of air injected were 7,000, 8,500, and 9,000 cc, respectively, in increments of 500 to 1,500 cc every other day. The development of flank tension was used as the cutoff point for each injection. Hernia repair was carried out after 10 to 14 days of treatment; the hernial defects varied in size from 6×6 cm to 10×14 cm. All defects were closed without the use of autogenous or foreign material mesh grafts. Complications included urinary retention, discoid atelectasis, and subcutaneous emphysema. The markedly stretched scrotal skin attenuates rapidly after hernia reduction, making plastic revision unnecessary. Pneumoperitoneum is easy to perform and nonhazardous, and should be used with greater frequency for adult patients with massive hernias.
Sector Resection With or Without Postoperative Radiotherapy for Stage I Breast Cancer: 20-Year Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Åsa Wickberg, Lars Holmberg, Hans-Olov Adami, Anders Magnuson, Kenneth Villman, Göran Liljegren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

To investigate how radiotherapy (XRT) adds to tumor control using a standardized surgical technique with meticulous control of surgical margins in a randomized trial with 20 years of follow-up.Three hundred eighty-one women with pT1N0 breast cancer were randomly assigned to sector resection with (XRT group) or without (non-XRT group) postoperative radiotherapy to the breast. With follow-up through 2010, we estimated cumulative proportion of recurrence, breast cancer death, and all-cause mortality.The cumulative probability of a first breast cancer event of any type after 20 years was 30.9% in the XRT group and 45.1% in the non-XRT group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.82). The benefit of radiotherapy was achieved within the first 5 years. After 20 years, 50.4% of the women in the XRT group died compared with 54.0% in the non-XRT group (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.19). The cumulative probability of contralateral cancer or death as a result of cancer other than breast cancer was 27.1% in the XRT group and 24.9% in the non-XRT group (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.77). In an anticipated low-risk group, the cumulative incidence of first breast cancer of any type was 24.8% in the XRT group and 36.1% in the non-XRT group (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.07).Radiotherapy protects against recurrences during the first 5 years of follow-up, indicating that XRT mainly eradicates undetected cancer foci present at primary treatment. The similar rate of recurrences beyond 5 years in the two groups indicates that late recurrences are new tumors. There are subgroups with clinically relevant differences in risk.
854 RESULTS OF A SAFETY, TOLERABILITY AND PHARMACOKINETIC PHASE I STUDY OF VCH-916, A NOVEL POLYMERASE INHIBITOR FOR HCV, FOLLOWING SINGLE ASCENDING DOSES IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS
Authors: L. Proulx, B. Bourgault, N. Chauret, R. Larouche, M. Tanguay, R. Thibert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Medical Education and the University (1901–1968)
Authors: Lamar Soutter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

MEDICAL schools are in a period of change owing to a number of influences, including the forces now reshaping the practice of medicine. It is of some interest, therefore, to review how the medical schools came into their present form, the benefits and deficits of the present educational system and what changes might be introduced.In the early part of this century, reforms in medical education placed it more and more under the control of universities. The enormous increase in medical knowledge and the advances in patient care during the past 40 years must in large measure be attributed to . . .
Sulphydryl Compounds and Wound Repair
Authors: J. F. Riley
Journal: BMJ (1940)

enough energy for the daily needs.When an adequate diet is given at once with a sufficiency of insulin most patients are able to reduce the dose and a few give it up altogether for a time.The patient must be prepared to start insulin again as soon as sugar reappears, whether it is due to an illness or to some unknown cause, and if this is done promptly he may be able to give it up again. (2) In all patients under the age of 60, unless they are grossly over weight. (3)If the patient is over 60 and is thin.This is especially the case if the patient has had an acute onset with thirst and polyuria, no matter how old he is.Dietetic treatment may be tried in all people who are grossly over weight.The disease in these cases has often *started insidiously and been discovered in the course of a routine examination of the urine.If I decide to try the effect of diet alone I give a fast of one day's duration, and then increase the diet each day in the following way: Diet 1.
Discontinuing Rheumatic Fever Prophylaxis in Selected Adolescents and Young Adults: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ximena Berrios
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To assess the safety of discontinuing prophylaxis with antimicrobial agents in patients judged to be at relatively low risk for recurrence of acute rheumatic fever. Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Public health clinics in the Southeast Health District of Santiago, Chile. Patients: Fifty-nine patients (19 men, 40 women) ranging in age at study entry from 15 to 44 years (mean, 24.5 years). Forty-eight had completed their prescribed period of prophylaxis. Eleven refused or were allergic to intramuscular benzathine penicillin G and were noncompliant with oral sulfadiazine. Intervention: In patients who did not have carditis during their previous attack(s), prophylaxis was discontinued after 5 years or at age 18, whichever was longer. In those with only mild mitral regurgitation or healed carditis, prophylaxis was stopped after 10 years or at age 25. Symptomatic intercurrent streptococcal throat infections were treated with antibiotics. Measurements: Patients were seen every 3 months during the study (July 1982 to September 1988). For the first 4.25 years, throat cultures as well as sera samples for antistreptolysin O and anti-DNAse B assays were obtained at each visit. Results: During laboratory surveillance, significant increases in antibody titers were detected in 56 instances (28.1 [95% CI, 21.7 to 36.5] per 100 patient-years), and 29 isolations of group A streptococci occurred (14.5 [CI, 10.1 to 20.8] per 100 patient-years). The patients were followed for a total of 3349 patient-months, during which time two acute rheumatic fever recurrences were observed (0.7 [CI, 0.2 to 2.6] per 100 patient-years). No recurrences occurred during an outbreak of acute rheumatic fever in 52 patients in the study area in 1986. Conclusions: These and other data indicate that acute rheumatic fever prophylaxis can safely be discontinued in young adults judged to be at low risk for recurrence and who are maintained under careful prospective surveillance.
Antisense Inhibition of β <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor mRNA in a Single Dose Produces a Profound and Prolonged Reduction in High Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Yuan Clare Zhang, Jonathan D. Bui, Leping Shen, M. Ian Phillips
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —β-Blockers are the first line of therapy for hypertension. However, they are associated with side effects because of central nervous system (CNS) effects and β 2 -adrenergic antagonism. To overcome these problems and provide a long-term β 1 -blockade, antisense oligonucleotides against rat β 1 -adrenergic receptor (β 1 -AR) mRNA (β 1 -AS-ODN) were designed and tested for the ability to inhibit cardiac β 1 -ARs as well as lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods and Results —Radioligand binding assay showed that a single intravenous injection of β 1 -AS-ODN delivered in cationic liposomes significantly decreased cardiac β 1 -AR density by 30% to 50% for 18 days ( P &lt;0.01), with no effect on β 2 -ARs. This was accompanied by marked attenuation of β 1 -AR–mediated positive inotropic response in isolated perfused hearts in vitro ( P &lt;0.02) and in conscious SHRs monitored by telemetry in vivo ( P &lt;0.02). Furthermore, the blood pressure of SHRs was reduced for 20 days, with a 38 mm Hg maximum drop. Heart rate was not significantly decreased. Quantitative autoradiography was performed to assess β 1 -AS-ODN effects on the CNS, which demonstrated no changes in β 1 -ARs in brain, in contrast to a significant reduction in heart and kidney ( P &lt;0.05). For comparison with β-blockers, the effects of atenolol on cardiovascular hemodynamics were examined, which lowered blood pressure for only 10 hours and elicited appreciable bradycardia in SHRs. Conclusions —These results indicate that β 1 -AS-ODN, a novel approach to specific β 1 -blockade, has advantages over currently used β-blockers in providing a profound and prolonged reduction in blood pressure without affecting heart rate, β 2 -ARs, and the CNS. Diminished cardiac contractility resulting from less β 1 -AR expression contributes to the antihypertensive effect.
Caustic Soda Burns: Prevention and Treatment
Authors: H. Terry
Journal: BMJ (1943)

Caustic soda, widely employed before the war in various manufacturing processes, is finding increased use in many wartime industries.There is a demand for information on the best way to prevent or deal with the injuries that may result to the workers, and this article is an attempt to satisfy that demand.It is based on thirteen years' experience in a works where many tons of caustic soda are manufactured every day.It is also hoped that criticisms and fresh ideas may be forthcoming for the improvement of the methods here described.These methods have been evolved gradually.Before they were adopted a large number of men were always away from work with caustic soda burns of the skin, which took many weeks or months to heal.These burns had the appearance of black leather inlays in the skin.There are lifelike wax models of such burns in the Home Office Museum, Horseferry
The Relationship between Neuronal Survival and Regeneration
Authors: Jeffrey L. Goldberg, Ben A. Barres
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2000)

The ability of peripheral nervous system (PNS) but not central nervous system (CNS) neurons to regenerate their axons is a striking peculiarity of higher vertebrates. Much research has focused on the inhibitory signals produced by CNS glia that thwart regenerating axons. Less attention has been paid to the injury-induced loss of trophic stimuli needed to promote the survival and regeneration of axotomized neurons. Could differences in the mechanisms that control CNS and PNS neuronal survival and growth also contribute to the disparity in regenerative capacity? Here we review recent studies concerning the nature of the signals necessary to promote neuronal survival and growth, with an emphasis on their significance to regeneration after CNS injury.
Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross
Authors: Allen D. Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Undoubtedly, the Red Cross was founded in 1864 by Henry Dunant and Gustave Moynier embedded with the seed of humanitarianism to alleviate the suffering and misery of soldiers wounded on the battlefields. However, Florence Nightingale declined to become the standard bearer for the emerging Red Cross organization and candidly prognosticated future events (as cited in<i>Champions of Charity</i>): ... such a (voluntary relief) society would take upon itself duties which ought to be performed by the government of each country and so would relieve them of responsibilities which really belong to them and which they can properly discharge and being relieved of which would render war more easy. Reports of the success of the voluntary sanitary commissions during the American Civil War made a decided impact upon the development of the Red Cross, yet its federation was delayed. Clara Barton did not incorporate the American Association for the Red Cross until
THE TRIGLYCERIDE/HDL RATIO IS THE ONLY INDEPENDENT PLASMA LIPID MARKER OF MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN THE 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THE MEDICINE ANGIOPLASTY OR SURGERY STUDY II (MASS II)
Authors: Raul D. Santos, Ana P. Chacra, Jose A.F. Ramires, Luiz A.M. Cesar, Whady A. Hueb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)