tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Down-regulation of endothelin B receptors in autogenous saphenous veins grafted into the arterial circulation
Authors: D Eguchi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives: It has been postulated that endothelin (ET) might be involved in the development of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. The present study was done to characterize changes in the contractility and ET receptor subtypes in the autogenous saphenous vein graft (VG). Methods: The rabbit saphenous vein (SV) was grafted into the ipsilateral femoral artery (FA), and at 4 weeks after the operation, VG was harvested. In the medial layer samples of SV, VG and FA, the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and force were monitored using front-surface fluorometry of fura-PE3, and mRNA expression of ET receptors was evaluated using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: ET-1 (10−7 M) developed force in SV, VG and FA, to the same extent. Sarafotoxin (S6c; 10−7 M) developed force in the SV to the same extent as ET-1. However, S6c did not develop force in FA, and slight force developed in VG. Contractions induced by ET-1 were associated with increases in [Ca2+]i. FA expressed ETA receptor mRNA predominantly, and SV expressed both ETA and ETB receptors mRNAs. In VG, the expression of ETB receptor mRNA was markedly reduced, but expression of ETA receptor mRNA remained unchanged. Conclusions: Functioning ETB receptors and their mRNA are down-regulated when veins are grafted into the arterial circulation. All these changes in gene expression and function are part of adaptive responses known as ‘arterialization’.
Mammary cancers and pregnancy.
Authors: J M Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Uncertainties persist about management and prognosis of mammary cancers that occur during and after pregnancy and during lactation. Pathological features of mammary cancers occurring during pregnancy are the same as those in non-pregnant women and survival rates are comparable. Management should be the same as in non-pregnant patients. Termination of pregnancy does not improve survival but it should be advised if the prognosis is poor. Mastectomy apparently presents little danger to the fetus, though treatment such as chemotherapy and irradiation should be avoided. Women who have received treatment for mammary cancer need not be advised against subsequent pregnancy. Routine ovarian radiation in non-pregnant premenopausal women is not generally to be recommended, since it does not prolong survival and would deprive some of the chance of further pregnancy. In lactating women who develop mammary cancers survival is apparently not adversely affected. Lactation should be suppressed initially and followed by mastectomy. Regimens of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy may then be begun. Until results of current trials of combined treatments of mammary cancers associated with pregnancy are available, management should be neither aggressive nor tentative. It should be based on a well-balanced concept of applying all available treatments, as in non-pregnant patients.
Dutch legal protection scheme for doctors involved in mercy killing of babies receives first report
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Dutch system designed to protect from prosecution doctors who are involved in the mercy killing of severely ill newborn babies who are judged to be suffering unbearably and hopelessly seems to be struggling to gain professional acceptance. The first case is only now being considered, more than two years after the system’s introduction. Research had estimated there should be 15 to 20 such cases a year ( New England Journal of Medicine 2005;352:959-62).

MPs learnt through parliamentary questions on 18 November that the first report of the decision to end the life of a severely ill baby had been filed in the Netherlands. No more details have been released.

The expert committee set up …
Contact sensitivity to topical corticosteroids
Authors: J. Ashworth, I.R. White, R.J.G. Rycroft, Etain Cronin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Contact sensitivity to topical corticosteroids Get access J. Ashworth, J. Ashworth St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2H jBJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.R. White, I.R. White St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2H jBJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J.G. Rycroft, R.J.G. Rycroft St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2H jBJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Etain Cronin Etain Cronin St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2H jBJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 123, Issue s37, 1 July 1990, Pages 24–25, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb04421.x Published: 01 July 1990
Persistent Scalp Infections
Authors: George H. Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reference to a communication in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (<i>JAMA</i><b>191</b>:1040 [March 22] 1965) about persistent scalp infections, there is an additional treatment that offers excellent results, especially for the perifolliculitis abscedens et suffodiens with which I think the patient is afflicted. The treatment is that of complete temporary epilation by roentgen irradiation employing the Adamson-Keinbock technique which can be administered by the therapeutic radiologist or dermatologist. Both the appropriate oral and topical antibiotics are also administered.
Continuous murmur following Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. A sign of pulmonary venous obstruction.
Authors: S C Park, F H Weiss, R D Siewers, W H Neches, J R Zuberbuhler, C C Lenox
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Three patients developed severe pulmonary venous obstruction following Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. Each patient had a soft continuous murmur with distinct diastolic accentuation at the low left sternal border or xiphoid area. Simultaneous recording of intracardiac sound and pressure in one patient showed that the murmur originated at the site of obstruction in the surgically-constructed pulmonary venous atrium. Selective cineangiograms demonstrated the baffle to be the cause of the obstruction. A continuous murmur in a patient following Mustard operation may suggest significant pulmonary venous obstruction.
Right atrial and right ventricular transmural pressures in dogs and humans. Effects of the pericardium.
Authors: D R Hamilton, R S Dani, R A Semlacher, E R Smith, T M Kieser, J V Tyberg
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND To determine the transmural pressure-dimension relations of the right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) before and after pericardiectomy, six open-chest dogs were instrumented with pericardial balloons placed over the RA and RV free walls. METHODS AND RESULTS PA appendage dimensions and RV free-wall segment lengths were measured using sonomicrometry. Intact-pericardium RA and RV transmural pressures were calculated by subtracting the pericardial pressures (measured using balloons) from the cavitary pressures. Pooled data from six animals with pericardium intact indicate that at RA and RV cavitary pressures of 5, 10, and 15 mm Hg, RV pericardial pressure was 4.3 +/- 0.3, 8.6 +/- 1.0, and 13.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, respectively, and RA pericardial pressure was 4.8 +/- 0.3, 9.6 +/- 0.6, and 14.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg, respectively (mean +/- SD). With calculated unstressed dimensions, the cavity dimension data were normalized to strain (in percent). We determined that in the dog, RV strain would increase by 14% and RA by 68% to maintain cavitary pressure at 10 mm Hg on pericardiectomy. To compare these results with clinical data, RV (n = 7) and RA (n = 6) transmural pressures were measured using balloons in patients (age, 19 to 76 years) undergoing cardiac surgery. RA transmural pressure of six patients was 1.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg when central venous pressures (CVPs) ranged from 3 to 16 mm Hg. RV transmural pressure equaled 1.2 +/- 1.9, 2.3 +/- 1.9, and 3.4 +/- 2.0 mm Hg when CVP was 5, 10, and 15 mm Hg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pericardial constraint (as evaluated by the ratio of pericardial to intracavitary pressures when CVP is 10 mm Hg) accounted for 96% of RA cavitary pressure in the dog and 89% in humans and at least 86% of RV cavitary pressure in the dog and 77% in humans.
Systemic Actinomycosis Caused by Actinomyces odontolyticus
Authors: JAMES F. MORRIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 November 1974Systemic Actinomycosis Caused by Actinomyces odontolyticusJAMES F. MORRIS, M.D., PRISCILLA KILBOURN, PH.D.JAMES F. MORRIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PRISCILLA KILBOURN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-700_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Human actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous infection potentially involving any part of the body. The species considered pathogenic for man has been principally Actinomyces israeli (1). The following case report describes disease associated with an additional Actinomyces species:A 26-year-old college instructor admitted 10 March 1974 was well until 1 month before hospitalization, when a subcutaneous mass was noted in the left anterolateral chest that gradually increased in size and tenderness. Physical examination revealed an oral temperature of 37.8 °C (100 °F), and two chest wall masses. The first was an 11 X 15 cm firm mass...References1. MCQUARRIEHALL DW: Actinomycosis of the lung and the chest wall. Surgery 64:905-911, 1968 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. BATTY I: Actinomyces odontolyticus, a new species of actinomycete regularly isolated from deep carious dentine. J Pathol 75: 455-459, 1958 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. TOMMRALEIGHGUINN KJG: Thoracic actinomycosis. Am J Surg 124:46-48, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BROWN J: Human actinomycosis: a study of 181 subjects. Hum Pathol 4:319-330, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GEORG L: The agents of human actinomycosis, in Anaerobic Bacteria. Edited by BALOWS, A. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1974, p. 237 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Veterans Administration Hospital University of Oregon Medical School Portland, Oregon PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAn Actinomyces Long-Bone Osteomyelitis Case Report and ReviewActinomyces Odontolyticus BacteremiaForeign body - induced Actinomycosis Mimicking Bronchogenic CarcinomaActinomycose pulmonaire: responsabilité d'actinomyces odontolyticus?Actinomyces odontolyticus isolated from the female genital tract. 1 November 1974Volume 81, Issue 5Page: 700-700KeywordsActinomycesActinomycetales InfectionsActinomycosisHospitalizationsPathogensTemperatureThorax Issue Published: 1 November 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Primary care arrangements for elderly people in residential and nursing homes
Authors: S. Kavanagh, M. Knapp
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—McCormack highlights variations, inequities, and problems in care for elderly people discharged after short stays in hospital.1 Declining long stay provision in the NHS and shorter acute inpatient stays have increased pressure on community services, exacerbating perverse incentives between health and social care.1 As long term care of elderly people is redefined as social care general practitioners have become responsible for the health care of increasing numbers of frailer residents of residential and nursing homes. Evidence on the effect of this …
Relation Between Development of Nephropathy and the p22phox C242T and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product G1704T Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Seiko Matsunaga-Irie, Taro Maruyama, Yukihiro Yamamoto, Yoshiko Motohashi, Hiroshi Hirose, Akira Shimada, Mitsuru Murata, Takao Saruta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The development of diabetic nephropathy is considered to be associated with oxidative stress. NADPH oxidase and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) have attracted attention as mechanisms of generating oxidative stress. We studied the relation between the genotypes of the NADPH p22phox C242T and RAGE G1704T polymorphisms and the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Using a retrospective review of clinical data, we allocated 181 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients to one of two groups: patients without diabetic nephropathy (group N; n = 108) and patients developing diabetic nephropathy (group D; n = 73) for 10 years or more. The p22phox C242T and RAGE G1704T polymorphisms were examined by Taqman PCR methods. RESULTS—The frequency of the p22phox CC genotype was significantly higher in group D than in group N (90 vs. 79%; P = 0.0427). The frequency of the RAGE GT + TT genotype was significantly higher in group D than in group N (26 vs. 13%; P = 0.0313). The frequency of the combination of p22phox CC and RAGE GT + TT genotypes was significantly higher in group D than in group N (22 vs. 8%; P = 0.0057). In multiple logistic regression analysis, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, triglycerides, and the combination of polymorphisms were shown to be independent variables. CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest that assessment of the combination of NADPH p22phox C242T and RAGE G1704T polymorphisms may be useful in identifying the risk for developing diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.
New Therapies for GI Cancers Fall Short
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optimal Insulin Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Michael Roden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Patients with type 2 diabetes have peripheral insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. During meals, reduced first-phase insulin secretion results in postprandial hyperglycemia and in a 35% decrease in hepatic glycogen storage.1 A 55% increase in nocturnal hepatic gluconeogenesis drives excessive glucose production and fasting hyperglycemia.1 Ultimately, in 90% of patients with progressive beta-cell insufficiency, lifestyle changes and oral drug therapy are insufficient, and patients require exogenous insulin supplementation to achieve a glycated hemoglobin level below the recommended 7% target.2,3 The aim of insulin supplementation is glycemic control and a reduction in microvascular disease and, . . .
A Novel Anti-CD22 Anthracycline-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) That Overcomes Resistance to Auristatin-Based ADCs
Authors: Shang-Fan Yu, Bing Zheng, MaryAnn Go, Jeff Lau, Susan Spencer, Helga Raab, Robert Soriano, Suchit Jhunjhunwala, Robert Cohen, Michele Caruso, Paul Polakis, John Flygare, Andrew G. Polson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

We are interested in identifying mechanisms of resistance to the current generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and developing ADCs that can overcome this resistance.Pinatuzumab vedotin (anti-CD22-vc-MMAE) and polatuzumab vedotin (anti-CD79b-vc-MMAE) are ADCs that contain the microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) attached to the antibody by the protease-cleavable linker maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzoyloxycarbonyl (MC-vc-PAB). Early clinical trial data suggest that these ADCs have promising efficacy for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, some patients do not respond or become resistant to the ADCs. Anthracyclines are very effective in NHL, but ADCs containing the anthracycline doxorubicin were not clinically efficacious probably due to the low drug potency and inadequate linker technology. The anthracycline analogue PNU-159682 is thousands of times more cytotoxic than doxorubicin, so we used it to develop a new class of ADCs. We used the same MC-vc-PAB linker and antibody in pinatuzumab vedotin but replaced the MMAE with a derivative of PNU-159682 to make anti-CD22-NMS249 and tested it for in vivo efficacy in xenograft tumors resistant to MMAE-based ADCs.We derived cell lines from in vivo xenograft tumors that were made resistant to anti-CD22-vc-MMAE and anti-CD79b-vc-MMAE. We identified P-gp (ABCB1/MDR1) as the major driver of resistance to the vc-MMAE-based conjugates. Anti-CD22-NMS249 was at least as effective as anti-CD22-vc-MMAE in xenograft models of the parental cell lines and maintained its efficacy in the resistant cell lines.These studies provide proof of concept for an anthracycline-based ADC that could be used to treat B-cell malignancies that are resistant to vc-MMAE conjugates.
927-36 Atrial Defibrillation Using a Unipolar, Single Lead Right Ventricular to Pectoral Can System
Authors: Jeanne E. Poole, Peter J. Kudenchuk, G. Lee Dolack, Gregory K. Jones, Marye J. Gleva, Merritt H. Raitt, George Johnson, Rahul Mehra, Luc Mongeon, Gust H. Bardy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Noradrenaline, atrial natriuretic peptide, bombesin and neurotensin in myocardium and blood of rats in congestive cardiac failure
Authors: C. CECONI, E. CONDORELLI, M. QUINZANINI, A. RODELLA, R. FERRARI, P. HARRIS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Rats given monocrotaline develop severe right ventricular hypertrophy often accompanied by ascites and pleural effusions. In rats with right ventricular hypertrophy and no serous effusions ("hypertrophy" group), ventricular concentrations of noradrenaline were reduced but ventricular contents were unchanged. Atrial concentrations of noradrenaline were unaffected. Those with more severe right ventricular hypertrophy and serous effusions ("failure" group) had greatly reduced concentrations of noradrenaline in all four chambers, particularly on the right side; the right and left ventricular contents of noradrenaline were also diminished.
Erythrocyte catalase. A somatic oxidant defense?
Authors: N S Agar, S M Sadrzadeh, P E Hallaway, J W Eaton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Mammalian erythrocytes have large amounts of catalase, an enzyme which catabolizes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Because catalase has a low affinity for H2O2, others have suggested that glutathione peroxidase clears most H2O2 within the erythrocyte and that catalase is of little import. We hypothesized that erythrocyte catalase might function to protect heterologous somatic cells against challenge by high levels of exogenous H2O2 (e.g., in areas of inflammation). We find that, whereas nucleated cells (L1210 murine leukemia) are readily killed by an enzymatically generated flux of superoxide (and, therefore, H2O2), the addition of human and murine erythrocytes blocks lethal damage to the target cells. Inhibition of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, depletion of glutathione, and lysis of the erythrocytes do not diminish this protection. However, inhibition of erythrocyte catalase abrogates the protective effect and the addition of purified catalase (but not superoxide dismutase) restores it. Furthermore, erythrocytes derived from congenitally hypocatalasemic mice (in which other antioxidant systems are intact) do not protect L1210 cells. Our results raise the possibility that the erythrocyte may serve as protection against by-products of its own cargo, oxygen.
Neuregulin-1 Type III Determines the Ensheathment Fate of Axons
Authors: Carla Taveggia, George Zanazzi, Ashley Petrylak, Hiroko Yano, Jack Rosenbluth, Steven Einheber, Xiaorong Xu, Raymond M. Esper, Jeffrey A. Loeb, Peter Shrager, Moses V. Chao, Douglas L. Falls, Lorna Role, James L. Salzer
Journal: Neuron (2005)
The Riddle of Urinary Stone Disease
Authors: Edwin L. Prien
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Present-day endemic urinary stone disease of the Near and the Far East also existed in varying degrees in the countries of Europe prior to the present century, and disappeared gradually with improvements in economic and nutritional conditions. In the endemic form of the disease, stones of uric acid and urate mainly involve the bladder of young boys. Contrariwise, in present-day Western stone disease, primary calcium stone commonly originates in the kidneys of adults. Two distinct calcium stone waves, which followed World Wars I and II in the involved combatant and adjacent noncombatant countries, are inexplicable on the basis of nutrition and psychic stress. Stone disease is changing even today. Consideration of the possible factors of causation reveals confusing paradoxes and inconsistencies.
Discovery of an integrative network of microRNAs and transcriptomics changes for acute kidney injury
Authors: Chan Gyu Lee, Jin Geol Kim, Hyun Joo Kim, Hyuk-Kwon Kwon, Il Je Cho, Dal Woong Choi, Woo Hyung Lee, Won Dong Kim, Se Jin Hwang, Sangdun Choi, Sang Geon Kim
Journal: Kidney International (2014)