tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking Is Independently Associated With High Plasma Insulin Levels in Nondiabetic Men
Authors: Tapani Rönnemaa, Elina M Rönnemaa, Pauli Puukka, Kalevi Pyörälä, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE Studies using the euglycemic clamp technique or the insulin suppression test in relatively small numbers of subjects have suggested that smoking may cause insulin resistance. Our aim was to study the association between smoking status and fasting plasma insulin in a large nondiabetic male population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 616 nondiabetic men aged 45–64 years were taken from a population register. Fasting plasma insulin and blood pressure were measured, and smoking history and medication were evaluated by interview. RESULTS Age- and BMI-adjusted insulin levels were significantly higher in smokers and ex-smokers than in nonsmokers (92.4, 86.4, and 78.6 pmol/l, respectively; P = 0.009). In every BMI-tertile, smokers and ex-smokers had higher plasma insulin than nonsmokers. After adjustment for factors potentially affecting insulin sensitivity (hypertension, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, use of β-blockers and/or diuretics, use of vasodilating antihypertensive drugs, physical exercise, alcohol use, parental history of NIDDM, coronary heart disease, and previous myocardial infarction), insulin concentrations were still highest in smokers (91.2 pmol/l), intermediate in ex-smokers (86.8 pmol/l), and lowest in nonsmokers (78.9 pmol/l, P = 0.008 between groups). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that chronic smoking is associated with high age- and BMI-adjusted plasma insulin levels, independent of other factors known to influence insulin sensitivity. The effect of smoking may be partially reversible after quitting.
Firearm Injuries and Death
Authors: Mark L. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

In 1983, I joined the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, to help start a program to use scientific research to understand gun violence as a public health problem. In the 1990s, the National Rifle Association (NRA) killed that program. Since the massacre in Newtown, Connecticut, the national statistics on gun violence have been widely reported. Firearm-related deaths number more than 30 000 each year, and two-thirds of these deaths are suicides. Tens of thousands more people are seriously injured by guns. Those injuries impose significant burdens for care and rehabilitation on families, communities, and the health care system. Language: en
Development of an Infant Formula with Chicken Hydrolysate for Children from 0 to 12 months with Adverse Reaction to Milk
Authors: V.R.A. Penterich, M.H. Matté, A.C. Yang, F.F.M. Castro, J. Kalil, M.E.M. Pinto e Silva
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Notes of a Case of Subspinous Dislocation of the Humerus
Authors: C. B. Ball
Journal: BMJ (1876)

ruptedly for some distance in the retina, where it breaks up into capil- laries.This twig, altlsough of unusual size, is still much smaller than any of those figured above, and would have been barely visible during life even in the erect image; but the specimen again suggests that the passage of arterial or venous twigs from the retina into the choroid by way of the margin of the optic disc, in addition to the indirect capillary anastomoses in the deeper part of the disc, are not extremely uncommon.[Since the above was written, I have seen two other cases of the same sort: in one of them the abnormality was present in both eyes ; in the other, only one eye showed the unusual vessel; in both of them, as in the three cases above given, the vessel came from the yellow-spot region.
Hyperpyrexia after anaesthesia.
Authors: G. M. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BmnDICJOL their sera of agglutinins against brucella antigen, it is easy to see that overdiagnosis is something that must constantly be guarded against.At present, the serological tests for brucellosis in any patient must not only be interpreted in the light of his symptonatology, but also with cognizance of the serological values obtained in the community in which he lives, and of his epidemiological history.'2Previous authors have been too ready to accept a history of symptoms obtained by questionnaire as evidence of clinical brucellosis when allied to positive serological tests, resulting in very high reported incidences of the disease in veterinary surgeons.87Critical evaluation of each individual is necessary to give an indication of the true incidence of brucellosis in any occupationally exposed group.5-Iam, etc.,
Subcutaneous transposition of the proximal oesophagus in oesophagoplasty.
Authors: P A Yannopoulos
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Experience with a new technique of oesophagoplasty is presented, in which the proximal part of the oesophagus is transposed to the subcutaneous space in front of the sternum and anastomosed to the organ replacing the oesophagus.This kind of operation has been performed successfully in five cases.The advantages are: (1) thoracotomy is avoided; (2) oesophageal anas- tomosis is easily performed; (3) anastomotic failure in the subcutaneous space is not a serious problem; (4) revision of the anastomosis is easily performed under local anaesthesia; and (5) the mortality rate due to oesophageal anastomotic failure is diminished.The procedure is indicated in cases where a long graft for oesophagoplasty is not available and intrathoracic anastomosis is not desirable.It may also be used after oesophagogastrectomy or total gastrectomy.The most common complication is the development of a salivary fistula that heals spontaneously in a few days.
Influence of Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate on Sexual Function: Results of a Prospective Analysis of 149 Patients with Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Franck Bruyère, Alexis Puichaud, Helder Pereira, Benjamin Faivre d'Arcier, Antoine Rouanet, Aurélie Paule Floc'h, Thomas Bodin, Nicolas Brichart
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Abstract 1214: Single nucleotide polymorphism in HER family members increases susceptibility to human invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Duanduan Ma, Raymond Hovey, Zhengyan Zhang, Loan Nguyen, Ingrid Borecki, Janet Rader
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cervical cancer is the second-most common cancer among women worldwide (Parkin et al. 1999). Some studies address prognostic roles that different genes play after the development of cervical cancer. However, there is a lack of studies addressing polymorphisms in genes of normal tissues that influence susceptibility to cervical cancer prior to malignant transformation. Such studies could be pivotal in prevention and timely diagnosis. It is well-known that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection appears to be the primary causative factor for cervical cancer, but host factors must be crucial since only a fraction of HPV-infected women develop cervical cancer. HPV antigens are the ligands of HER family members, and the E5 protein may play a role in the early stage of HPV infection before transformation. Thus, we studied whether there are excessive parent-to-offspring transmissions of specific HER SNP variants in EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERBB4, in cases of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3). Based on single SNP TDT tests, we identified a significant association between ICC/CIN3 and rs11770506, which is located at intron1 of EGFR and in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with multiple enhancers. Our study provides clues for the identification of vulnerable populations and will advance the development of early detection of ICC in appropriate populations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1214
Antibiotic prescribing in general practice and hospital admissions for peritonsillar abscess, mastoiditis, and rheumatic fever in children: time trend analysis
Authors: M Sharland, H Kendall, D Yeates, A Randall, G Hughes, P Glasziou, D Mant
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem in paediatric practice.General practitioners in the United Kingdom have consequently been exhorted to minimise antibiotic prescribing for childhood upper respiratory infections. 1 However, some data suggest an association between reduced prescribing and an increased incidence of rare complications of bacterial infection. 2-4We report national data on community prescribing of antibiotics and hospital admissions for peritonsillar abscess, mastoiditis, and rheumatic fever in children during 1993-2003 (community prescribing) and 1993-2002 (hospital admissions).
Going Dutch — Managed-Competition Health Insurance in the Netherlands
Authors: Alain C. Enthoven, Wynand P.M.M. van de Ven
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Twenty-five years ago, the health care system of the Netherlands was operating under top-down cost-containment policies, such as regulation of doctors' fees and hospital budgets, that were widely criticized for lacking incentives for efficiency and innovation. In 1986, the Dekker Committee, an independent group appointed by the Dutch government to seek a solution, recommended market-oriented reform within the context of a national health insurance system. But before the concept could be implemented, a host of adequate systems had to be developed — systems of risk equalization, of product classification and medical pricing to give providers appropriate incentives for efficiency, of . . .
Abstract PD02-05: Low Immunogenicity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Leads to Selective Survival When Challenged with Trastuzumab and Natural Killer Cells
Authors: A Honig, F Reim, K Becker, JB Engel, M Junker, J Dietl, J. Wischhusen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although trastuzumab (Herceptin) has substantially improved the overall survival of patients with mammary carcinomas, even initially well-responding tumors often become resistant. Considering that clinical efficacy of trastuzumab correlates with the infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells into the tumor site, we established a cell-culture-system to select for ovarian cancer and mammary carcinoma cells that survive a challenge by trastuzumab and NK cells. Under these conditions, NK cells can eliminate tumor cells either via antibody-dependent-cell-mediatedcytotoxicity (ADCC) or by direct recognition of tumor-associated ligands for NKG2D or DNAM-1. The most striking phenotypic alteration observed in immunoselected ovarian cancer cells was a down-regulation of HER2 expression, leading to an ADCC-resistant phenotype. All breast cancer cells tested (MCF7, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB231, BT474), however, failed to develop resistance in vitro. Instead, treatment with trastuzumab and polyclonal NK-cells resulted in the preferential survival of individual sphere-forming cells that displayed a CD44highCD24low ‘'cancer-stem-celllike” phenotype (CSC) and expressed significantly less HER2 compared with non-stem cells. Moreover, the molecular determinants for the direct recognition of transformed cells, most notably the NKG2D ligands MICA, MICB, ULBP1-4 and the DNAM-1 ligands CD112 and CD155, were virtually absent from CSC. When immunoseleced breast cancer cells were then re-expanded, they mostly lost the observed phenotype and regenerated a tumor cell culture that displayed initial HER2 surface expression and ADCC susceptibility, but was enriched in CD44highCD24low CSC. This translated into increased clonogenicity in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. We provide evidence that recruition of NK-cells and induction of ADCC by trastuzumab may spare actual tumor-initiating-cells, which could explain clinical relapse. Moreover, our observation that “relapsed” in vitro cultures show identical HER2 surface expression and susceptibility toward ADCC suggests that administration of trastuzumab beyond relapse might be considered, especially when combined with proteasome inhibition which increase the expression of NKG2D ligands. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD02-05.
Determinants of the Survival Benefit of Lung Transplantation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Gabriel Thabut, Philippe Ravaud, Jason D. Christie, Yves Castier, Michel Fournier, Hervé Mal, Guy Lesèche, Raphaël Porcher
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the first indication for lung transplantation, the benefit of the procedure in terms of survival remains debated.Objectives: To estimate the determinants of the survival benefit of lung transplantation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: Using information from the United Network for Organ Sharing database on 8,182 patients, we developed an approach based on numerical simulations to estimate the survival effect of lung transplantation.Measurements and Main Results: The main outcome measure was the difference between median survival with transplantation and that without transplantation measured from time of transplant list registration. Survival benefit was greater with double than with single lung transplantation (mean difference, 307 d [95% confidence interval, 217–523]). With double lung transplantation, 44.6% of patients would gain 1 year or more, 29.4% would gain or lose less than 1 year, and 26% would lose 1 year or more. Major determinants of the survival effect of transplantation were systolic pulmonary artery pressure, FEV1, body mass index, exercise capacity, functional status, and the need for continuous mechanical ventilation or oxygen. For instance, 79% of patients with an FEV1 less than 16% of the predicted value would gain 1 year or more with double lung transplantation as compared with only 11% of patients with an FEV1 of more than 25%.Conclusions: We identified several factors associated with the survival benefit of lung transplantation. External validation of our models is required before translating these results into clinical practice.
Polymorphic DQ alpha and DQ beta interactions dictate HLA class II determinants of allo-recognition.
Authors: W W Kwok, E Mickelson, S Masewicz, E C Milner, J Hansen, G T Nepom
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

18 transfected cell lines were generated that expressed distinct DQ molecules related to the serologically defined HLA-DQw3 specificity. These transfectants were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis to introduce nucleotide substitutions into DQ3.2 beta cDNA, followed by retrovirus-mediated gene expression of the mutagenized genes in human B cell lines with different endogenous DQ alpha chains. The capacity of particular class II dimers to stimulate alloreactive T cell clones was investigated. T cell activation was found to be dependent on both DQ alpha and DQ beta chains. In some cases, single amino acid substitutions at codons 13, 26, 45, or 57 of the DQ beta chain were sufficient to dramatically alter T cell reactivity; T cell recognition of these substitutions, however, was strongly influenced by the alpha chain polymorphisms present in the stimulatory class II dimer. Both gain and loss of major serologic and cellular specificities associated with specific DQw3+ alleles were observed with a limited array of site-directed substitutions.
Abstract 4994: An integrated stress response activator causes cellular senescence and inhibits growth in multiple tumor cell types
Authors: Carly M. Sayers, Albert C. Koong, Constantinos Koumenis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Integrated Stress Response (ISR) is a program elicited by mammalian cells to attenuate global translation in response to a variety of stressors. There are four branches of the ISR, including those mediated by PERK, which responds to endoplasmic reticulum stress, and GCN2, which is activated by amino acid deprivation. Activation of these kinases ultimately leads to translational upregulation of the transcription factor ATF4, which modulates the expression of genes involved in amino acid transport and synthesis, oxidative stress, and differentiation. Complete abrogation of the ISR or its overactivation by pharmacological agents in the presence of hypoxic or nutrient stress has been shown to lead to cell death. Here, we employed a small molecule screen to identify modulators of ATF4 expression via a reporter construct with the 5′-UTR of ATF4 fused to the luciferase gene. From this screen, a compound with ATF4-activating properties was identified. Multiple assays have been used to characterize the effects of this drug, referred to as E235, on both transformed and normal cells. Specifically, we have shown that E235 induces the ISR in a dose-dependent manner in tumor cell lines (HT1080 fibrosarcoma, B16F10 melanoma) but not in normal human diploid cells. The drug also reduces cell viability and proliferation at low μM concentrations, which does not appear to be dependent on apoptosis. By performing live cell microscopy, we observed that after prolonged (&amp;gt;24h) treatment with 1μM E235, the majority of cells displayed senescence-like morphology. This was confirmed by additional experiments, such as staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and immunoblotting for the upregulation of the cdk inhibitor p21. Future experiments will focus on establishing the roles of ATF4, p21 and p53 in E235-mediated senescence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4994. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4994
Recurrent Transient Monocular Blindness
Authors: M. Ashby, N. Oakley, I. Lorentz, D. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Case 4.-For six months this 57-year-old man had been suffering from severe lumbar pain.No abnormality was found on examination.The testes were noted to be normal.Radio- graphs revealed destruction of the second lumbar vertebra, but further investigations, including blood and marrow examina- tion, electrophoresis of serum proteins, skeletal survey, and an intravenous pyelogram, were all normal.X-ray therapy was given to the affected vertebra.Two months later he complained
Tricuspid Valve Obstruction Due to Intravenous Leiomyomatosis
Authors: LAWRENCE V. BASSO, MARK GRADMAN, SOLON FINKELSTEIN, LORENZO GONZALEZ-LAVIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A case is discussed of a 65-year-old woman who presented with tricuspid stenosis. She was evaluated with multiple imaging techniques including gated radionuclide angiography, cardiac sector scanning, and abdominal CT imaging. A review of the literature of the entity known as intravenous leiomyomatosis is presented.
Pericardial influences on ventricular filling in the conscious dog. An analysis based on pericardial pressure.
Authors: G S Tyson, G W Maier, C O Olsen, J W Davis, J S Rankin
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Twenty-five dogs were chronically instrumented to investigate the effects of the normal pericardium on cardiac function. Pulse-transit ultrasonic transducers were implanted to measure multiple ventricular dimensions. The pericardium was incised transversely at the base of the heart and precisely reapproximated, so as to disturb its characteristics minimally. One week later, the dogs were studied in the conscious state, and left ventricular, right ventricular, pericardial, and pleural pressures were measured with matched micromanometers. Data were recorded before and after blood volume expansion. Absolute end-diastolic pericardial pressure varied directly with pleural pressure during the respiratory cycle. Transpericardial pressure (pericardial-pleural pressure) varied little with respiration and was related directly to ventricular diameter during the cardiac cycle with peak transpericardial pressure uniformly occurring at end-diastole. With volume infusion, normalized end-diastolic minor axis diameter and left ventricular transmural pressure (left ventricular-pleural pressure) increased significantly from 0.14 +/- 0.01 and 9.5 mm Hg +/- 1.0 mm Hg, respectively, in the control state to 0.20 +/- 0.01 and 19.3 mm Hg +/- 1.2 mm Hg after volume loading. End-diastolic transpericardial pressure also increased significantly from 2.3 +/- 0.5 mm Hg to 4.1 +/- 0.3 mm Hg, and represented approximately 21% of transmural left ventricular pressure. When measurements were obtained sequentially after implantation, transpericardial pressure was initially high but decreased with time, presumably due to pericardial creep. After volume loading, right ventricular end-diastolic transmural pressure averaged 9.6 mm Hg, and pericardial pressure constituted 42% of right ventricular pressure. Thus, pericardial restraining effects may predominantly influence right ventricular filling and affect the left ventricle through series interaction. In the normal conscious dog, transpericardial pressure remains low over the entire physiological range, and the direct influence of the normal pericardium on diastolic filling of the left ventricle appears to be minimal.
The effect of dermatology consultations in secondary care on treatment outcome and quality of life in new adult patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: S.E. Baron, P.K. Morris, L. Dye, D. Fielding, V. Goulden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is increasing worldwide, and many patients present to secondary care in adult life. This is a significant contribution to the workload of all dermatology departments. There are no studies investigating the impact of a dermatology consultation within secondary care.To examine the effect of dermatology consultations in secondary care on treatment outcome and quality of life in new adult patients with AD.This prospective observational study recruited new adult patients with AD referred from primary care. Eczema severity was assessed using the SCORAD (Severity Scoring of AD) index and subjective good or poor clinical outcome. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to quantify the impact of AD on adult patients. Patients were assessed at initial consultation (T1), 6 weeks (T2) and 3 months (T3). Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests, repeated-measures analysis of variance, correlation coefficients and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons.Sixty-three patients were recruited (37 women, 26 men) with a mean age of 34 years. Mean SCORAD at T1 was 48.2 and the majority (51%) had severe eczema (objective SCORAD>40). Mean SCORAD reduced by 52% from T1 to T2 (P<0.001) but there was no significant change in SCORAD from T2 to T3. A subjective good clinical outcome was validated by a decrease in SCORAD of >20 (P<0.001). Patients in the good clinical outcome group were significantly older than those in the poor clinical outcome group (38 vs. 27 years, P<0.05). The mean age at presentation of women was significantly younger than men (29 vs. 43 years, P<0.01). Women's mean SCORAD improved over all three visits, while men's mean SCORAD improved from T1 to T2 but worsened from T2 to T3 (P<0.001). The mean DLQI reduced over all three visits, from 9.5 at T1 to 8.8 at T2 and 7.0 at T3, and was significantly correlated with SCORAD at T1 and T2 (P<0.01). Patients accurately self-scored their eczema on a body map as shown by a significant correlation between these scores and SCORAD at T1 and T2 (P<0.001).We have shown that within the first 3 months of referral to secondary care, new adult patients with AD have the greatest improvement in AD, measured by SCORAD, after their initial appointment. Quality of life, as measured by DLQI, continued to improve over all three visits.
Preemptive immunotherapy in childhood acute myeloid leukemia for patients showing evidence of mixed chimerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Eva Rettinger, Andre M. Willasch, Hermann Kreyenberg, Arndt Borkhardt, Wolfgang Holter, Bernhard Kremens, Brigitte Strahm, Wilhelm Woessmann, Christine Mauz-Koerholz, Bernd Gruhn, Stefan Burdach, Michael H. Albert, Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel, Thomas Klingebiel, Peter Bader
Journal: Blood (2011)