tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammation-associated interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation ameliorates alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in interleukin-10-deficient mice
Authors: Andrew M. Miller, Hua Wang, Adeline Bertola, Ogyi Park, Norio Horiguchi, Sung Hwan Ki, Shi Yin, Fouad Lafdil, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are characterized by fatty liver plus inflammation. It is generally believed that steatosis promotes inflammation, whereas inflammation in turn aggregates steatosis. Thus, we hypothesized the deletion of interleukin (IL)-10, a key anti-inflammatory cytokine, exacerbates liver inflammation, steatosis, and hepatocellular damage in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease models that were achieved via feeding mice with a liquid diet containing 5% ethanol for 4 weeks or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, respectively. IL-10 knockout (IL-10(-/-)) mice and several other strains of genetically modified mice were generated and used. Compared with wild-type mice, IL-10(-/-) mice had greater liver inflammatory response with higher levels of IL-6 and hepatic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, but less steatosis and hepatocellular damage after alcohol or HFD feeding. An additional deletion of IL-6 or hepatic STAT3 restored steatosis and hepatocellular damage but further enhanced liver inflammatory response in IL-10(-/-) mice. In addition, the hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and key downstream lipogenic proteins and enzymes in fatty acid synthesis were down-regulated in IL-10(-/-) mice. Conversely, IL-10(-/-) mice displayed enhanced levels of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and its downstream targets including phosphorylated acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 in the liver. Such dysregulations were corrected in IL-10(-/-) IL-6(-/-) or IL-10(-/-) STAT3(Hep-/-) double knockout mice.
Naproxen in osteoarthrosis. Double-blind crossover trial.
Authors: W Blechman, R Willkens, G L Boncaldo, R T Hoffmeister, L M Lockie, C Multz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

In this double-blind crossover trial, naproxen (750 mg/day) was compared to placebo for the treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either naproxen or placebo for 4 weeks and then to treatment with the alternate agent for a second 4-week period. 8 out of 9 objective and subjective measurements of drug efficacy clearly differentiated naproxen from placebo at highly significant levels (P = 0.0001 to 0.0004). Patient daily check lists of osteoarthrotic symptoms also showed a statistically significant difference between naproxen and placebo therapy. Both physicians and patients, when asked to give a 9final drug preference9, showed a significant preference for naproxen over placebo. In general, the incidence of side effects was low and approximately the same for both naproxen and placebo. Laboratory assessments showed little difference between groups. The trial showed naproxen to be an effective and well tolerated drug for the treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee.
Child-Resistant Containers and the Elderly
Authors: Gail S. Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a practicing pharmacist, I particularly enjoyed reading the COMMENTARY inTHE JOURNAL, "Child-Resistant Containers for the Elderly." As primary dispensers of prescription medications, pharmacists were directly affected by the passage of the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 and 1972. I agree with the authors that pharmacists should offer their elderly patients the option to have a non-child-resistant container. Elderly patients have related many instances to me describing their dilemma in trying to open their prescription containers and the variety of instruments they have used in the process: pliers, hammer, screwdriver, hand-operated canopener, and feet—one patient claimed that stomping on his bottle worked at freeing its contents. Another patient stated that her 7-year-old granddaughter could open her bottle when she, herself, could not. The stories are numerous, much to the dismay of the elderly involved. As a solution to this problem in our hospital, the pharmacists
Electrophysiological studies in patients with chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: P Denes, D Wu, R C Dhingra, R Amat-y-Leon, C Wyndham, R K Mautner, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Seventeen consecutive patients with chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) were studied in an attempt to delineate the reproducibility and mechanism of this arrhythmia. Six patients had nonsustained and 11 had sustained VT. The following electrophysiological techniques were utilized in an attempt to reproduce VT: 1) rapid atrial and ventricular pacing (17 pts); 2) atrial extrastimulus technique (17 pts); 3) ventricular extrastimulus technique (17 pts); 4) V1V2V3 stimulation technique (5 pts); 5) ventricular pacing from two or more sites (5 pts). Ventricular tachycardia was induced in six of 11 (54%) patients with sustained VT. However, in four there was only a single induction and only in the remaining two patients could VT be repetitively induced. In the latter two patients ventricular tachycardia was induced with both atrial and ventricular stimulation. Ventricular tachycardia could not be induced in any patient with nonsustained VT, although three had spontaneous episodes of ventricular tachycardia during study. In conclusion, in the present series of patients with chronic recurrent VT, this rhythm could not be reproducibly induced in the majority of patients in the cardiac catheterization laboratory utilizing catheter stimulation techniques.
Rape of the Straw Woman
Authors: LILLIAN KAUFMAN CARTWRIGHT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1978Rape of the Straw WomanLILLIAN KAUFMAN CARTWRIGHT, PH.D.LILLIAN KAUFMAN CARTWRIGHT, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-1-149_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Many social scientists, deeply troubled by the condition of society, are confusing their roles of citizen and scientists. In attempts to improve social institutions and overcome barriers to equality, social context becomes an overriding concern and the enemy is misidentified as those nurturing the "cult of individualism." Beuf's critique of studies on women doctors (1) is an excellent example of a well-intentioned but misguided attack on a crimeless victim.Beuf makes some commendable proclamations: Controls are necessary, samples should not be biased, and sociological factors are important. No reasonable social scientist, regardless of discipline, would contest these...References1. BEUF A: Women in medicine: better studies needed. Ann Intern Med 88:122-123, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. CARTWRIGHT L: Personality changes in a sample of women physicians. J Med Educ 52:467-474, 1977 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. CARTWRIGHT L: The personality and family background of a sample of women medical students at the University of California. J Am Med Wom Assoc 27:260-266, 1972 Google Scholar4. FRUENROTHMANSTEINER MAJ: Comparisons of characteristics of male and female medical school applicants. J Med Educ 49:137-145, 1974 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. COHENKORPER ES: Women in medicine: a survey of professional activities, career interruptions, and conflict resolutions. Conn Med 40:103-110, 1976 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Institute of Personality Assessment and Research University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1978Volume 89, Issue 1Page: 149-150KeywordsScientists Issue Published: 1 July 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
TCT-377 Myocardial Performance Index After Successful Recanalization of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions
Authors: Gulhan Y. Kalkan, Oytun A. Baykan, Zafer Elbasan, Durmus Y. Sahin, Taner Seker, Mustafa Gur, Caner Turkoglu, Murat Cayli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Value of Caesarean Section in Pre-Eclamptic Toxaemia
Authors: M. M. Basden
Journal: BMJ (1933)

The object of this communication is to suggest that, although Caesarean section should never play anything but a small part in the treatment of pre-eclamptic toxaemia, it might, nevertheless, be used with advantage more frequently in the most serious cases.In my experi- ence, the high mortality which has been shown to follow Caesarean section when eclampsia has actually supervenedi does not occur when the operation is performed in the pre-eclamptic stage.The following is a short series of thirty cases of pre-eclamptic toxaemia treated by Caesarean section with no maternal deaths and no sub- sequent development of eclampsia.I have done my best to include all my cases so treated, but it is possible that one or two may have been overlooked, owing to difficulty in tracing the earlier records.I can state definitely, however, that I have never had a maternal death in a patient treated by Caesarean section for pre-eclamptic toxaemia, and the same applies in cases of Caesarean section performed for other reasons, but in which a mild degree of toxaemia was present, too slight to include in this series.Caesarean section for toxaemia does not condemn the patient to delivery by this method in subsequent preg- nancieg.Since it is from eclampsia that the patient dies, and not from pre-eclamptic toxaemia, I seldom operate unless eclampsia appears to be so imminent that there is no time to induce labour.Mly usual practice in severe cases is to keep the patient on water only, or water, glucose, and lemonade, for twenty-four hQurs.The response to this treatment is generally satisfactory, but if
Brain Tumors in the Elderly
Authors: Tadanori Tomita, Anthony J. Raimondi
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Eighty patients older than 65 years underwent craniotomy for primary or secondary brain tumors. Glioblastoma was the most common tumor, followed by metastatic carcinoma and meningioma. Three patients died within 30 days of surgery. Twenty-three patients showed development of postoperative systemic complications, of which pulmonary complications were most common. Thirty-seven (44%) of the patients showed significant improvement, but 13 (21%) became worse after surgery. Most brain tumors in elderly patients are operable. However, the surgical indications should be determined by the nature of the tumor and the condition of the individual patient. Preoperative and postoperative management must be more demanding if systemic complications are to be avoided. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:53-55)
Assembly of the cytolytic alternative pathway of complement from 11 isolated plasma proteins.
Authors: R D Schreiber, H J Müller-Eberhard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The known cytolytic function of the alternative pathway in serum was quantitatively reproduced by combining 11 isolated plasma proteins at their respective serum concentrations. These proteins are: C3, Factor B, Factor D, C3b inactivator, beta1H, native properdin, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9. In absence of activators of the alternative pathway, this mixture was stable at 37 degrees C as evidenced by lack of consumption of Factor B, C3, and C5. Upon addition of either rabbit erythrocytes or neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes, cell lysis ensued and the extent of lysis was dependent on dose of the component mixture. The dose-response curves obtained with the isolated component mixture and with C4-depleted serum were virtually indistinguishable. Nonactivator erythrocytes (untreated sheep erythrocytes) were not lysed by the component mixture. Deletion of properdin resulted only in a twofold diminution of the hemolytic activity of the component mixture. No immunoglobulin requirement was apparent. These results indicate that the cytolytic systems studied are internally sufficient and capable of coupling the initiation and amplification sequence with the cytolytic membrane attack sequence.
Prognostic value of pulmonary artery pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: E Weitzenblum, C Hirth, A Ducolone, R Mirhom, J Rasaholinjanahary, M Ehrhart
Journal: Thorax (1981)

In 175 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (157 chronic bronchitic and 18 emphysematous patients) exhibiting moderate to severe airway obstruction (mean FEV1/vital capacity = 40.2 +/- 11.1%), cumulative survival rates calculated by the actuarial method were compared in subgroups according to the initial level of mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary volumes, and arterial blood gases. Patients were catheterised between 1968 and 1972 and were followed for at least five years. The results emphasise the high prognostic value of PAP since survival rates after four and seven years were significantly lower in the subgroup with PAP greater than 20 mmHg (2.7 kPa). Certain other parameters ("driving" pressure across the pulmonary circulation, FEV1 and Paco2) appear to be equally good at predicting survival as PAP in these obstructed patients. The effect of age should be taken into account in prognostic studies such as ours since survival rates were significantly lower in patients over 60 years of age. In 64 patients who underwent a second right heart catheterisation at least three years after the first (average delay: 5.5 +/- 2 years), the prognostic value of changes in PAP, arterial blood gases, and pulmonary volumes was studied but with the exception of Pao2 was unremarkable. Further studies are needed in this field.
952. Effects of rAAV-BDNF Expression in the Striatum of the R6/1 Mouse
Authors: Edgardo Rodriguez, Eileen Denovan-Wright, Ron J. Mandel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by a late-stage selective loss of medium-size spiny neurons (MSNs) in the basal ganglia; however, a disruption in striatal neuronal function precedes cell loss and motor abnormalities. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression is critical for the proper differentiation, function and long-term survival of MSNs. To determine whether over-expression of BDNF is beneficial in models of HD, we designed a gene transfer strategy involving the use of recombinant-adeno associated virus (rAAV) expressing recombinant BDNF. R6/1 mice received unilateral intrastriatal injections of rAAV2-CBA-BDNF. Five-weeks post-surgery, analysis of striatal tissue revealed robust localized expression of the BDNF transgene and a diffuse distribution of BDNF protein throughout the striatum demonstrating that BDNF was secreted. We performed mRNA profiling on a subset of striatal-specific HD-affected transcripts and found significant recovery (10-25%) in the levels of DARPP-32, ppENK and CB1 transcripts. However, we observed a high level of mortality (>20%) as well as behaviors indicative of a disruption in normal striatal function. We hypothesized that the high levels of BDNF accounted for this toxicity. To test this hypothesis, we re-designed the rAAV expression system to express lower levels of BDNF in the striatum. The new rAAV5-TR-BDNF vector resulted in 100-fold less BDNF compared to the rAAV2-CBA-BDNF vector in the striatum. Although the rate of mortality was reduced, long-term expression of low levels of BDNF in the striatum of both R6/1 and wild-type mice led to abnormal behaviors and death. This demonstrates that long-term expression of striatal BDNF can be detrimental to the animal. The interpretation of these results is unclear at this time because the animals appeared healthy until their sudden death. The mode of delivery may also be suboptimal since BDNF is not normally expressed in MSNs but reaches striatum via the corticostriatal pathway.
The Kallikreinogen-Kallikrein Enzyme System of Human Plasma
Authors: ROBERT W. COLMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Biochemical methods have been developed for the assay of kallikreinogen, kallikrein inhibitor, and spontaneous arginine esterase activity in human plasma which have permitted investigation of alterations in these components in health and disease. Kallikreinogen is not activated by kaolin in Hageman factor deficiency plasma, is reduced in severe liver disease, and is elevated during administration of estrogens. Plasma kallikrein inhibitor is permanently decreased in hereditary angioneurotic edema and is transiently depressed in resolving pancreatitis. Plasma kallikreinogen and kallikrein inhibitor are elevated in allergic states. In carcinoid syndrome evidence of in vivo activation of plasma kallikreinogen, that is, increased spontaneous arginine esterase activity resembling plasma kallikrein with associated decreases in plasma kallikreinogen and kallikrein inhibitor, was present during spontaneous flushes and absent during asymptomatic intervals. A spontaneous arginine esterase activity that did not resemble plasma kallikrein was present in acute pancreatitis.
Volvulus of sigmoid colon.
Authors: R. T. Marcus
Journal: BMJ (1968)

BRiTtsH 513 of the liver cells except for those around the portal tracts, which appeared normal.The centrilobular zones were very haemorrhagic, the mid-zonal sinusoids were distended with blood, but the surviving outer zones were not congested.Her oliguric renal failure continued and was treated with intracaval 20% mannitol at first and 40% dextrose.She continued to deteriorate, however, and became comatose.Despite peri- tzneal dialysis for her renal failure, supervised by Dr. H. M. Leather, she did not improve and died on 13 December 1967.
Hepatic fibrosis produced in guinea pigs by chronic ethanol administration and immunization with acetaldehyde adducts
Authors: Hirokazu Yokoyama, Shigeyuki Nagata, Susumu Moriya, Shinzo Kato, Takashi Ito, Kiyotaka Kamegaya, Hiromasa Ishii
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Experimental hepatic fibrosis was produced in the guinea pig. We produced hepatic necrosis associated with inflammatory cell infiltration in guinea pigs immunized with acetaldehyde adducts and fed ethanol for 40 days. Extending the period of these treatments to 90 days resulted in producing hepatic fibrosis developing around individual hepatocytes in the terminal hepatic venule areas and portal areas, accompanied by an increase in hepatic hydroxyproline content. In contrast, no fibrosis was observed in the livers of the control groups that had been exposed to nothing, ethanol alone, or a combination of ethanol and immunization with unmodified human hemoglobin. Minimal fibrotic changes were observed in animals immunized with human hemoglobin acetaldehyde adducts but not fed ethanol. These results indicate that the formation of acetaldehyde adducts and the acquisition of immunity against them can produce hepatic fibrosis. Immune mechanisms against acetaldehyde adducts may, in part, be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis seen in alcoholics.
Political overtones could obscure clinical issues in psychosurgery
Authors: V. Snodgrass
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epidermal growth factor induces dose-dependent calcium oscillations in single fura-2–loaded Hepatocytes
Authors: Yuji Tanaka, Norio Hayashi, Akira Kaneko, Toshifumi Ito, Eiji Miyoshi, Yutaka Sasaki, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Digital imaging fluorescence microscopy has been used to investigate epidermal growth factor-induced calcium responses of fura-2-loaded hepatocytes in primary culture at the single-cell level. Epidermal growth factor induced oscillations in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) consisting of a periodic train of spikes unlike the monophasic elevation in cell suspensions reported previously. In this study, 79% of the cells in the microscopic field responded to 0.1 nmol/L epidermal growth factor, and 78% of the responsive cells displayed oscillations. However, the frequency of oscillations differed considerably from cell to cell. [Ca2+]i measurement in a cell population was simulated using these data, but only a slightly biphasic pattern was obtained, indicating the significance of single-cell measurement of [Ca2+]i. Because considerable heterogeneity existed in the sensitivity to epidermal growth factor between the cells, single hepatocytes were stimulated sequentially with increasing concentrations of epidermal growth factor to investigate the dose dependence of the oscillations. The frequency of the oscillations increased with increasing epidermal growth factor concentration, but the amplitude was similar for all concentrations, suggesting the existence of frequency-encoded information even in the pathway through tyrosine kinase for epidermal growth factor signaling. The pattern of the oscillations with epidermal growth factor, especially the latency, was considerably different from that with phenylephrine, which is known to use the phosphatidylinositol pathway, possibly because of the difference in the pathway toward phosphatidylinositol turnover between these agonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)