tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric evaluation of platelet activation in blood collected into EDTA vs. Diatube‐H, a sodium citrate solution supplemented with theophylline, adenosine, and dipyridamole
Authors: Thomas Kühne, Adriana Hornstein, John Semple, Wilda Chang, Victor Blanchette, John Freedman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract With platelet activation, there is modulation of platelet surface molecule expression. In flow cytometric analyses of in vivo platelet activation, results are often confounded by activation induced in vitro by the preparative procedures. It is particularly important therefore to prevent or retard platelet activation as soon as possible after withdrawal of the blood sample. Taking blood into paraformaldehyde, or fixing the cells with paraformaldehyde as soon as possible after withdrawal, has been employed to prevent platelet activation in vitro, but paraformaldehyde‐fixed platelets cannot be further used in functional studies. We investigated the efficacy of Diatube‐H, a commercially available combination of platelet antagonists (theophylline, adenosine, and dipyridamole), in preventing or retarding platelet activation in vitro, along with its effects on modulation of platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) and adhesion molecules. In contrast to blood taken into EDTA, blood taken into Diatube‐H vacutainer tubes could be stored at room temperature for up to 4 hr prior to paraformaldehyde fixation without significant in vitro platelet activation, as measured by CD62P, CD63 and modulation of GPIb and GPIIbIIIa surface expression. Hence, paraformaldehyde fixation could be deferred for several hours, permitting transport of samples from distant sites. Studies of thrombin‐induced platelet activation indicated that platelets taken into Diatube‐H remained functional i.e. were able to be activated. Expression of the CD29, CD49b and CD31 adhesion molecules on the platelet surface was unaffected by storage in Diatube‐H. The results suggest that Diatube‐H may be a useful reagent for flow cytometric studies of platelets when the samples cannot be processed immediately.
Clinical risk factors for portopulmonary hypertension
Authors: Steven M. Kawut, Michael J. Krowka, James F. Trotter, Kari E. Roberts, Raymond L. Benza, David B. Badesch, Darren B. Taichman, Evelyn M. Horn, Steven Zacks, Neil Kaplowitz, Robert S. Brown, Michael B. Fallon
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Portopulmonary hypertension affects up to 6% of patients with advanced liver disease, but the predictors and biologic mechanism for the development of this complication are unknown. We sought to determine the clinical risk factors for portopulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced liver disease. We performed a multicenter case-control study nested within a prospective cohort of patients with portal hypertension recruited from tertiary care centers. Cases had a mean pulmonary artery pressure > 25 mm Hg, pulmonary vascular resistance > 240 dynes x second x cm(-5), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure < or = 15 mm Hg. Controls had a right ventricular systolic pressure < 40 mm Hg (if estimable) and normal right-sided cardiac morphology by transthoracic echocardiography. The study sample included 34 cases and 141 controls. Female sex was associated with a higher risk of portopulmonary hypertension than male sex (adjusted odds ratio = 2.90, 95% confidence interval 1.20-7.01, P = 0.018). Autoimmune hepatitis was associated with an increased risk (adjusted odds ratio = 4.02, 95% confidence interval 1.14-14.23, P = 0.031), and hepatitis C infection was associated with a decreased risk (adjusted odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.09-0.65, P = 0.005) of portopulmonary hypertension. The severity of liver disease was not related to the risk of portopulmonary hypertension.Female sex and autoimmune hepatitis were associated with an increased risk of portopulmonary hypertension, whereas hepatitis C infection was associated with a decreased risk in patients with advanced liver disease. Hormonal and immunologic factors may therefore be integral to the development of portopulmonary hypertension.
CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LUDWIG'S ANGINA
Authors: JOHN F. CONWAY
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The condition now known as Ludwig's angina has interested surgeons for centuries. The frequency with which it is encountered depends to some extent on the definition of the entity one accepts. Most cases follow the extraction of a lower molar tooth. Hemolytic streptococci appear to be the most prevalent etiologic agents. Because of welling of the buccal contents, respiratory embarrassment is a common complication which at times may be severe enough to require tracheotomy. Mediastinitis and septicemia have also been noted.  The temperature in this condition varies widely and is not an indication of the severity of the process. Aside from the systemic symptoms which depend on the stage of the process and the presence or absence of those complications noted elsewhere, the clinical appearance is largely determined by swelling of the buccal contents. A hard, boardlike swelling externally may be limited at first to one side of the neck,
Good enough general practice
Authors: Malcolm Lindsay
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I had admitted an elderly woman with severe sciatica to the community hospital. She needed care while her pain continued. During her second evening in hospital, nurses became concerned about her deteriorating mobility, and I found that she had developed a flaccid paraparesis suggestive of cauda equina compression. I needed urgent specialist advice and telephoned the neurosurgical registrar in the city 30 miles away.

Suddenly I was struggling to survive detailed neurological interrogation. Were hip flexion and extension equally weak? Just what did I …
Becoming a Physician: Development of Values and Attitudes in Medicine
Authors: Mona M. Shangold
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This sociological and psychological analysis of the factors that mold the developing physician offers comprehensive and insightful food for thought. The book is well written and deserves the time of medical educators, developing physicians, developed physicians, and potential physicians.  The editors have compiled 13 individual chapters, each written by an authority on the subject. While an ordered chapter sequence and interdependence are lacking intentionally, the absence of cohesiveness and purposeful movement detract somewhat from the work's legibility.  Little can be added to the thorough literature review in the areas selected. In fact, a few chapters contain more comprehensive coverage than can be appreciated by the casual reader.  Excellent coverage is afforded the psychology of the developing physician, including the surrounding climate and influential factors. The generous attention directed to the emotional stresses of life as a medical student and house officer is appropriate, appreciated, and could potentially stimulate reform. Interesting
Impact of Appropriate Use on the Prognostic Value of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Rami Doukky, Kathleen Hayes, Nathan Frogge, Gautam Balakrishnan, Venkata Satish Dontaraju, Maria O. Rangel, Yasmeen Golzar, Enrique Garcia-Sayan, Robert C. Hendel
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Appropriate use criteria (AUC) have been developed to aid in the optimal use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), a technique that is a mainstay of risk assessment for ischemic heart disease. The impact of appropriate use on the prognostic value of SPECT-MPI is unknown.A prospective cohort study of 1511 consecutive patients undergoing outpatient, community-based SPECT-MPI was conducted. Subjects were stratified on the basis of the 2009 AUC for SPECT-MPI into an appropriate or uncertain appropriateness group and an inappropriate group. Patients were prospectively followed up for 27±10 months for major adverse cardiac events of death, death or myocardial infarction, and cardiac death or myocardial infarction. In the entire cohort, the 167 subjects (11%) with an abnormal scan experienced significantly higher rates of major adverse cardiac events and coronary revascularization than those with normal MPI. Among the 823 subjects (54.5%) whose MPIs were classified as appropriate (779, 51.6%) or uncertain (44, 2.9%), an abnormal scan predicted a multifold increase in the rates of death (9.2% versus 2.6%; hazard ratio, 3.1; P=0.004), death or myocardial infarction (11.8% versus 3.3%; hazard ratio, 3.3; P=0.001), cardiac death or myocardial infarction (6.7% versus 1.7%; hazard ratio, 3.7; P=0.006), and revascularization (24.7% versus 2.7%; hazard ratio, 11.4; P<0.001). Among the 688 subjects (45.5%) with MPI classified as inappropriate, an abnormal MPI failed to predict major adverse cardiac events, although it was associated with a high revascularization rate. Furthermore, appropriate MPI use provided incremental prognostic value beyond myocardial perfusion and ejection fraction data.When performed for appropriate indications, SPECT-MPI continues to demonstrate high prognostic value. However, inappropriate use lacks effectiveness for risk stratification, further emphasizing the need for optimal patient selection for cardiac testing.
Round the Fountain
Authors: E. G. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Until benzidine was taken off the market because of carcinogenic risks to those engaged in its manufacture the test most widely used was the Gregersen slide-test.'It was in general use on the Continent and in America, and was becoming more generally used in this country.It was recommended in many of the textbooks.5In general practice and in hospital side- wards there are obvious objections to tests, such as the test-tube benzidine and ortho- tolidine tests commonly employed in clinical laboratories, which may give positive results with gum-bleeding and after the eating of meats in moderate amount.Ogilvie, who was the first in this country to describe the Gregersen slide-test,8 affirmed that with it a blue or green-blue colour appearing within 30 seconds is proof of the presence of occult blood irrespective of the patient's diet, with the obvious exceptions of foods with a high blood-pigment concentration such as liver, black pudding, and bone-marrow.Now it is recognized that salicylates also should be withheld.Bockus' employs the Gregersen slide-test as a routine procedure.Benzidine is now produced under safe con- ditions of manufacture and is again on the market.Put up in waxed paper the powders will last indefinitely.The Greger- sen slide-test is cheap and simple and can be performed just as quickly as the tablet tests.Its reliability has been widely proved over the years, and it should be finding its way back into our hospital side-rooms and our consulting-rooms.-Iam, etc., Edinburgh 9. S. LIPETZ.
The Academic Future of General Internal Medicine
Authors: EDWARD J. HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Editorials1 February 1985The Academic Future of General Internal MedicineEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-2-261 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the early 1970s concerns within the Federal and state governments that not enough physicians were available for primary care led to pressures on medical schools to respond. One consequence was new programs to train physicians for competence in primary care within the scope of internal medicine. A major subsidy for such programs came when the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation underwrote 15 group practices in university hospitals for the primary care of adults. The Foundation wisely decided to find out whether its money was being well spent and the goals of these practices being met. The paper by Kosecoff and...References1. KOSECOFF J, FINK A, and BROOK R. General medical care and the education of internists in university hospitals: an evaluation of the teaching hospital general medicine group practice program. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:250-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Excerpts from Physicians for the Twenty-First Century: report of the Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician and College Preparation for Medicine, Association of American Medical Colleges. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:870-2. LinkGoogle Scholar3. . Physicians for the Twenty-First Century: the GPEP Report: Report of the Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician and College Preparation for Medicine. Washington, D.C.: Association of the American Medical Colleges; 1984. Google Scholar4. HUTH E. The humanities, science, and medical curriculum. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:864-5. LinkGoogle Scholar5. . Report of the Working Group on Personal Qualities, Values, and Attitudes. J Med Educ. 1984;59:177-89. Google Scholar6. GREENFIELD S. President's column. Society for Research and Education in Primary Care Internal Medicine Newsletter. 1984;6:1, 7. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byExpanded medical education in primary care — Is this the next step?Preventive Medicine and Residency TrainingRALPH G. GREENLEE, M.D.Education and Training for Primary Care Internal MedicineMICHAEL L. FRIEDLAND, M.D.Preparing for the Practice of Internal MedicineD. ANN VAUGHAN, M.D. 1 February 1985Volume 102, Issue 2Page: 261-263KeywordsAcademic medicineForecasting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Twenty-Year Trends in Serum Cholesterol, Hypercholesterolemia, and Cholesterol Medication Use
Authors: Donna K. Arnett, David R. Jacobs, Russell V. Luepker, Henry Blackburn, Christopher Armstrong, Steven A. Claas
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Although US cholesterol concentrations have dropped, &amp;50% of adults have total cholesterol concentrations ≥5.18 mmol/L, putting them at “borderline-high risk” for heart disease. Whether the decline has continued into the 21st century is unknown. We assessed 20-year trends in cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia, lipid-lowering drug use, and cholesterol awareness, treatment, and control from Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) data. Methods and Results— Five independent, cross-sectional, population-based surveys of 2500 to 5000 adults were conducted in the Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minn, area from 1980 to 2002. Mean (nonfasting) total cholesterol concentrations have continued a 20-year decline, punctuated by an intervening lull. Age-adjusted mean total cholesterol concentrations in 2000 to 2002 were 5.16 and 5.09 mmol/L for men and women, respectively (in 1980 to 1982, 5.49 and 5.38 mmol/L for men and women, respectively) However, the decline has not been uniform across all age groups. Middle-aged to older people have shown substantial decreases, but younger people have shown little overall change and recently had increased total cholesterol values. The mean prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in 2000 to 2002 was 54.9% for men and 46.5% for women and has decreased significantly for both during the study. Age-adjusted mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in 2000 to 2002 were 1.09 and 1.40 mmol/L for men and women, respectively, and were not different from the prior survey. Lipid-lowering drug use rose significantly for both sexes aged 35 to 74 years. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia have increased; however, more than half of those at borderline-high risk remain unaware of their condition. Conclusions— Although hypercholesterolemia prevalence continued to fall, significant population segments still have cholesterol concentrations near or at the level of increased risk.
Varicella vaccination for healthcare workers
Authors: Judy Breuer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Is beneficial to patients and staff 

I n December 2003, the Oka vaccine to prevent chickenpox (varicella) was licensed in the United Kingdom for use in susceptible healthcare workers.1 One year later a survey of consultant virologists, who are members of the Clinical Virology Network and who between them provide virology services for 38 trusts located around the United Kingdom, suggests that fewer than half of the trusts have implemented the policy (J Breuer, personal communication, 2004). Lack of funds or problems within occupational health departments are perceived as the main obstacles. Failure to protect healthcare workers against this potentially serious infection has health and safety implications both for themselves and the patients they care for.

The initiative was designed to achieve two main objectives. The aim was, firstly, to reduce the risk of exposure of vulnerable patients to staff with varicella, and, secondly, to reduce the high costs incurred after an exposure to varicella zoster virus. Brief mention was also made of the protection that would be afforded to healthcare workers themselves. No funding was attached to this initiative but the UK health departments said that, on the basis of health economic studies,2 the policy would be overall cost neutral and may be cost saving …
Safety of Proactive Topical Corticosteroid Therapy About Adrenal Function and Growth Velocity of Childhood Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: T. Fukuie, I. Nomura, M. Futamura, M. Narita, Y. Nakagawa, T. Ohzeki, K. Matsumoto, H. Saito, Y. Ohya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Natural Variation of Heterokaryon Incompatibility Gene het-c in Podospora anserina Reveals Diversifying Selection
Authors: Eric Bastiaans, Alfons J.M. Debets, Duur K. Aanen, Anne D. van Diepeningen, Sven J. Saupe, Mathieu Paoletti
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

In filamentous fungi, allorecognition takes the form of heterokaryon incompatibility, a cell death reaction triggered when genetically distinct hyphae fuse. Heterokaryon incompatibility is controlled by specific loci termed het-loci. In this article, we analyzed the natural variation in one such fungal allorecognition determinant, the het-c heterokaryon incompatibility locus of the filamentous ascomycete Podospora anserina. The het-c locus determines an allogenic incompatibility reaction together with two unlinked loci termed het-d and het-e. Each het-c allele is incompatible with a specific subset of the het-d and het-e alleles. We analyzed variability at the het-c locus in a population of 110 individuals, and in additional isolates from various localities. We identified a total of 11 het-c alleles, which define 7 distinct incompatibility specificity classes in combination with the known het-d and het-e alleles. We found that the het-c allorecognition gene of P. anserina is under diversifying selection. We find a highly unequal allele distribution of het-c in the population, which contrasts with the more balanced distribution of functional groups of het-c based on their allorecognition function. One explanation for the observed het-c diversity in the population is its function in allorecognition. However, alleles that are most efficient in allorecognition are rare. An alternative and not exclusive explanation for the observed diversity is that het-c is involved in pathogen recognition. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a homolog of het-c is a pathogen effector target, supporting this hypothesis. We hypothesize that the het-c diversity in P. anserina results from both its functions in pathogen-defense, and allorecognition.
Abstract 3495: The novel phospholipid ether analog CLR1404 decreases glioblastoma stem cell proliferation, suppresses GBM growth, and improves survival
Authors: Paul A. Clark, Hong-En Chen, Mohamed Mohamed, Irawati K. Kandela, Marc A. Longino, Anatoly Pinchuk, Jamey P. Weichert, John S. Kuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Most patients treated for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary brain malignancy, have less than 2 years survival due to rapid recurrence. The GBM stem cell (GSC) sub-population exhibits therapeutic resistance and is hypothesized to drive tumor recurrence. Therefore, GSC-specific targeting is likely critical for improving outcome. Phospholipid ether analog, CLR1404 and its radioiodinated isosteres, exhibit cancer cell-specific uptake and prolonged retention in 57/61 cancer cell lines and xenografts (including GBM) due to affinity for cancer cell lipid rafts. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of CLR1404 against GBM and its GSC subpopulation. Multiple sphere-forming GSC lines were isolated from patient specimens with IRB approval, and rigorously validated for self-renewal, multi-lineage potential, and high efficiency orthotopic tumor initiation in NOD-SCID mice. Proliferation assays were performed by addition of CLR1404 in serum-free medium for 24 hours. To test effects on stem cell properties, GSCs were treated with CLR1404, dissociated to single cells, plated at 500 cells in a 96-well plate, and allowed to form spheres (≥2-4 weeks). CLR1404 inhibition of the AKT oncogenic signaling pathway in GSCs was assayed with immunoblot analysis. In vivo, GSCs were pre-treated for 24 hours with CLR1404 prior to orthotopic injection of 200,000 live cells into immunodeficient mice. Subsequent survival curves were then constructed. CLR1404 anti-proliferative effects were seen on all 7 different GSC and GBM lines tested with IC50 values ranging between 5-10 µM using MTS assay; control normal differentiated neural cells exhibited an IC50 of approximately 40 µM. CLR1404 treatment also decreased sphere-forming ability of multiple GSC lines with IC50 values between 5-10 µM. CLR1404 inhibition of AKT activation was observed using immunoblot analysis. CLR1404 pre-treatment of GSCs significantly increased survival time in an orthotopic mouse model (Control: 59±6.1 days; CLR1404: 94±4.4 days), suggesting CLR1404 treatment of the GSC tumor initiating cells improves outcome. This data of CLR1404's therapeutic potential against GBM and its GSCs, combined with previously demonstrated tumor cell targeting specificity of CLR1404 and its radioactive isosteres, provides strong evidence for the potential of novel CLR1404-based therapies to improve GBM outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3495. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3495