tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Studies with Lincomycin in Late Pregnancy
Authors: N. M. Duignan, J. Andrews, J. D. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The placental transmission of lincomycin was studied in 60 patients in late pregnancy. A peak maternal blood level of 12·5 μg/ml was recorded 45 minutes after injection, and detectable levels were still present up to 42 hours after a single injection. A peak cord blood level of 2·7 μg/ml was recorded 55 minutes after injection; cord blood levels were about a quarter of the maternal blood levels, and in most cases no levels were detectable 24 hours after a single injection. The passage of lincomycin into and out of the liquor was slower and more variable, but some hours after injection the liquor levels were always higher than the maternal or cord blood levels, and detectable levels were still present in the liquor 52 hours after a single injection. Repeated injections did not lead to any significant accumulation of lincomycin. The only side effect was a possible case of neuromuscular block in a mother delivered by caesarean section. No infant was adversely affected.
Are asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness and allergy risk factors for asthma? A longitudinal study
Authors: L. van den Nieuwenhof, T. Schermer, Y. Heijdra, B. Bottema, R. Akkermans, H. Folgering, C. van Weel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a characteristic feature of asthma, but it is unclear whether asymptomatic AHR is associated with a higher risk of asthma. The present study assessed whether there is an association between asymptomatic AHR in adolescence and asthma in adulthood. The association between allergy and development of asthma was also investigated. A follow-up study of a general population cohort of adolescents was performed 14 yrs after baseline. Respiratory status was assessed at baseline in 1989 and at follow-up in 2003–2004 by a respiratory symptoms questionnaire, spirometry and histamine challenge. Allergy status was also assessed. The respiratory status of 199 subjects was assessed twice. In total, 91 (46%) subjects had the same AHR status in combination with respiratory symptoms at follow-up as at baseline. Adjusted for age, sex, allergy, family history of asthma and smoking history, having asymptomatic AHR was not significantly related to having asthma 14 yrs later (odds ratio (OR) 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–6.83). For subjects with allergy at baseline, the OR for developing asthma was 4.45 (95% CI 1.46–13.54). Screening for asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness in adolescence does not identify subjects at risk of developing asthma. Conversely, the presence of allergy in adolescence does seem to be a risk factor for asthma development.
Mesenteric Perforation of an Obstructing Sigmoid Colon Tumor after Endoluminal Stent Insertion
Authors: R. I. Sarmiento, D. W. H. Lee, S. K. H. Wong, A. C. W. Chan, S. C. S. Chung
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Intestinal obstruction is the presenting symptom in 40 % of patients with colorectal cancer. Emergency operative therapy is often suboptimal and associated with significant morbidity and mortality [1] [2] [3]. The use of endoluminal stents as a temporary measure to relieve the obstruction caused by these lesions has been reported. Successful stenting allows time to prepare the bowel and work-up the patient prior to definitive surgery [4] [5]. Large-scale randomized trials to define the role of endoluminal stenting are awaited. We would like to report an uncommon site of perforation associated with the procedure.
Decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx: hospital acquired infections after discharge from the intensive care unit
Authors: Anne Marie G. A. de Smet, Titia E. M. Hopmans, Albertus L. C. Minderhoud, Hetty E. M. Blok, Annelies Gossink-Franssen, Alexandra T. Bernards, Marc J. M. Bonten
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)

To determine the incidence rates of hospital acquired infections (HAI) during the first 14 days after ICU discharge after treatment during ICU-stay with Selective Decontamination of the Digestive tract (SDD), Selective Oropharyngeal Decontamination (SOD) or Standard Care (SC).Prospective observational study.ICUs in two tertiary care hospitals.Patients discharged from the ICU to the ward.None.Post-ICU incidences of HAI per 1,000 days at risk were 11.2, 12.9 and 8.3 for patients that had received SDD (n = 296), SOD (n = 286) or SC (n = 289) respectively in ICU, yielding relative risks, as compared to SC, of 1.49 (CI(95) 0.9-2.47) for SOD and 1.44 (CI(95) 0.87-2.39) for SDD. Incidences of surgical site infections (per 100 surgical procedures) were 4 after SC and 11.8 and 8 after SOD and SDD (p = 0.04). Among patients that succumbed in the hospital after ICU-stay (n = 58) eight (14%) had developed HAI after ICU discharge; 3 of 21 after SDD, 3 of 15 after SOD and 2 of 22 after SC.Incidences of HAI in general wards tended to be higher in patients that had received either SDD or SOD during ICU-stay, but it seems unlikely that these infections have an effect on hospital mortality rates.
Lothian and Zambia join forces to tackle HIV/AIDS
Authors: Dorothy Logie
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Lothian Health Board, in Edinburgh has set up a three year partnership with doctors from Zambia to try to tackle the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The partnership, which is partially funded by Lothian Health Board from an endowment, will be run by a part time coordinator and a multidisciplinary steering group.

It will facilitate trips to and from Zambia by Zambian and Lothian clinicians, community support planners, academics, and public health and IT personnel to support those living with HIV and AIDS in Zambia and in Lothian, and to share lessons on prevention, adherence, and voluntary counselling and testing in the two areas.

Clinicians from Lothian will visit two particular sites in Zambia where the country's antiretroviral therapy programme is being rolled out. They will support their Zambian colleagues in training trainers to deliver antiretroviral therapy.

The joint initiative follows an initial visit by members of the Lothian team to Zambia and a return visit from four senior Zambian doctors to …
Endoscopic Retreatment After Successful Initial Hemostasis Prevents Ulcer Rebleeding: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Z. A. Saeed, R. A. Cole, F. C. Ramirez, F. E. Schneider, K. S. Hepps, D. Y. Graham
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: Rebleeding after initial endoscopic hemostasis remains an important determinant of poor prognosis in patients with ulcer hemorrhage. Prospective identification of patients who are at high risk for rebleeding, and directing further therapeutic measures in these patients, would be expected to improve the prognosis.
Infections of Leisure
Authors: Amesh A. Adalja
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correct Meaning of Neuromyopathy
Authors: Gerald N. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I must take issue with the usage of the word "neuromyopathy" in "Tetanic Neuromyopathy and Renal Failure" by R. W. Ewer et al in the June 28 issue (<b>192</b>:1117-1120, 1965). The authors define the terms "tetanic," "myoclonus myospasm," and "myospastic state" but leave the meaning of the word "neuromyopathy" to the reader to interpret. Most workers in neuromuscular disease define "myopathy" as any disease of muscle, and in doing so imply that if the muscle were to be examined by proper histological techniques, a disorder of muscle would be found. "Neuromyopathy" is used when examination, usually done either by electromyography and nerve-conduction studies or histology, reveals a disorder of both the muscle and the peripheral nerve or lower motor neuron. Motor manifestations of central nervous system disorders such as myoclonus, Parkinson's disease, dystonia musculorum deformans are called neither myopathies nor neuropathies. The authors did not report
VOMITING OF GALL-STONE
Authors: J. M. PFEIFFENBERGER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The following is herewith reported to place on record a case which I believe is rare enough to be of some interest: <h3>History.—</h3> Mrs. S., aged 40, was seen on July 3, 1910, at which time she complained of nausea and "feelings of distress" in the epigastric regin. There was no rise in pulse-rate or temperature. Palpation over gastric and hepatic region elicited no tenderness. The patient had been constipated for several days and gave a history of three attacks of similar nature while traveling in the west, one on April 7, another April 15 and the third about May 1, the attack on May 1 being diagnosed as appendicitis. She was given one grain of mild mercurous chlorid every hour for three doses, the evening of July 3. Early the next morning, July 4, the nausea became very distressing and the patient vomited about 6 to 8 ounces of
TRICHOTILLOMANIA DUE TO THREADWORMS
Authors: H. C. Semon
Journal: BMJ (1922)

tHOUGH tlje psychic perversion of lhair avulsion (auto-epila- tion) cannot, strictly speaking, be classified amongst diseases of tlhe skin, it is not infrequently referred for treatment to a dermatologist.Hallopeau first described the habit and suggested tlhe namiie of trichotillomania at a dermatological demoinstration in Paris in 1889,1 and in this country Pernet- lhas twice slhown cases at clinical meetings.The literature on tlhe subject is mainly French (Voisin,8 Fe're,4 Raymond,5 Dubreuilli and Magne,6 and Crutchet7).A detailed descrip- tion of the disease, witi six cases of hiis own (seventeen in all), was published by Wolters5 in 1907, and in this monograph thie etiology is very fully discussed.Acording to tlle majority of these autlhors, tlje perversion may be associated with epilepsy, general paralysis of the insane, and imbecility, and is fairly frequently observed in asylumis and institutions for the demented.Tlle hair of the moustacle and of the eyebrows may be abraded reflexly and epilated, as a result of pruritus, and
Congenital Bilateral Chylothorax
Authors: Robert E. Petres
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ULTRASOUND imaging continues to be one of the most important diagnostic modalities available to the practicing obstetrician. However, the antenatal diagnosis of increasingly more complex pathological disorders in the fetus can complicate management plans. We report herein a case involving a recently recognized fetal problem and an innovative and successful technique of intrapartum intervention. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 26-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, was referred for diagnostic ultrasound at 36 weeks' gestation because of a rapid increase in fundal height, abdominal discomfort, and respiratory distress. Her first pregnancy had ended in the vaginal delivery of a normal 3,700-g infant after an uncomplicated pregnancy. There was no family history of congenital defects. The patient was not a diabetic. The present pregnancy had been complicated at 33 weeks by severe indigestion diagnosed by endoscopy as gastritis and duodenitis, for which she had been treated with cimetidine. The first ultrasound examination
In Defense of Farr and Nightingale
Authors: Jan P. Vandenbroucke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 December 1996In Defense of Farr and NightingaleJan P. Vandenbroucke, MD, PhD and Christina M.J.E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, MD, PhDJan P. Vandenbroucke, MD, PhDLeiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. and Christina M.J.E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, MD, PhDLeiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:William Farr and Florence Nightingale can no longer defend themselves against the misrepresentation of their work on hospital statistics by Dr. Iezzoni [1]. They calculated mortality per person-time of observation, which is one of the two correct ways to calculate incidences on hospital data [2].Incidences on hospital data can be obtained by following each patient from admission until discharge (to calculate cumulative risks) or by dividing the number of events by the total person-time spent in the hospital. A third statistic divides the number of events by the number of admissions (or discharges); this technique was ...References1. Iezzoni LL. 100 apples divided by 15 red herrings: a cantionary tale from the mid-19th century on comparing hospital mortality rates. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:1079-85. Google Scholar2. Freeman J. Quantitative epidemiology. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996; 17:249-55. Google Scholar3. Vandenbroucke JP, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM. A note on the history of the calculation of hospital statistics. Am J Epidemiol. 1988; 127:699-702. Google Scholar4. Rothman KJ. Modern Epidemiology. Boston; Little, Brown; 1986. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByFlorence Nightingale, William Farr and competing risksHospital Diagnostic Aggregation and Risk-Adjusted QualityRisk of Suicide in Juvenile Justice Facilities 15 December 1996Volume 125, Issue 12Page: 1014KeywordsDeath ratesEpidemiologyIntensive care unitsLength of stayMortalityNosocomial infections Issue Published: 15 December 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A reliable versatile system for assessing oxygen intake
Authors: J. L. Mayhew
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

As metabolic analysis under the stress of exercise expands its horizons beyond the assessment of maximal oxygen intake, a more versatile system than the cumbersome Douglas bag apparatus is warranted.With the advent of continuous observation of energy demands of submaximal work over extended periods (Costill, Kammer, and Fisher, 1970;Costill et al., 1971), a method is required that is convenient to operate relatively simple to construct, and most of all accurate in 'It measurement.Johnson et al. ( 1967) have suggested that small (25 x '3', 25 cm) metallized polyethylene bags can conveniently replace Douglas bags.However, in their system the dry II gas meter (Parkinson-Cowan CD-4) is read manually.
324 Results of a randomized clinical trial of genotype-4 infected subjects when treated with standard or pegylated interferon alfa-2B in combination with ribavirin
Authors: G ESMAT, A ABOUZIED, M ABDELHAMID, M MOHAMED, K ZALATA, M ELRAZIKY, S ISMAEL, M SAID, A HASAN, M ANWAR
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The ability to obtain primary long-term cultures of human foetal hepatocytes maintaining liver differentiation characteristics in serum-free medium prompted us to test their susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection. Using PCR, we detected the presence of the HCV RNA-positive strand in the supernatants and in the cells of the virus-infected hepatocyte cultures, at various times post-infection. Evidence of effective virus genome replication and multiplication was also based on the time-dependent appearance of the putative HCV RNA-negative strand, the detection of virus replicative intermediates and an increase in HCV genomic templates in the HCV-infected cells.
Controlled Trial of Oxethazaine as an Analgesic in Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: G. V. Balmforth, R. de K. G. Samuel, D. Kerridge
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Barbiturate barbitone, quinalbarbitone, and butobarbitone drops to 70% for phenobarbitone and cyclobarbitone it is approximately 50%.Mercury barbitone is relatively soluble in water, and the method is less sensitive for barbitone.This is convenient because considerably higher blood levels of barbitone are neces- sary to account for coma than for the shorter-acting barbiturates.Glutethimide (" doriden ") and bemegride (" megimide") react in the same way as the barbiturates at approximately the same concentrations.Now that thin-layer chromatography can be used for the separation of barbiturates (Sunshine, Rose, and LeBeau, 1963), identification and assay are within the ability of any hospital laboratory, and the probable time the patient will remain in coma, if infection does not supervene, can be assessed (Curry, l 963b). SummayBarbiturate concentrations in 1 ml. of blood can now be assessed in a little over five minutes without recourse even to a colorimeter.Professor G. Mannering first drew my attention to the fact that mercury dithizonate is stable in alkaline solution and so provided the impetus for this work.I am also grateful to
Results of a randomized trial comparing apsac and rtpa for the preservation of left ventricular fonction after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Jacques Machecourt, Jean Cassagnes, Jean P. Bassand, Jean R. Lusson, Thierry Anguenot, Bernard Bertrand, François Schiele, Jean E. Wolf, Jean Maublant
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Prophylaxis in Meningitis Due to Type B<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>
Authors: Martin Rothman, Fred J. Nahil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE following cases are reported to raise the question of prophylactic treatment of familial contacts of patients with forms of purulent meningitis other than those due to the meningococcus.Case ReportsCase 1. S.F., a 6-month-old girl, was admitted to the Hale Hospital on January 1, 1954, with a history of fever and restlessness of 2 days' duration and the sudden onset of a severe generalized convulsion. Examination revealed an acutely ill, comatose infant with stiff neck and generalized rigidity. Lumbar puncture showed a purulent spinal fluid containing gram-positive bacilli identified on smear and culture as Type B Haemophilus influenzae. . . .
NRF2 promotes neuronal survival in neurodegeneration and acute nerve damage
Authors: Wenjun Xiong, Alexandra E. MacColl Garfinkel, Yiqing Li, Larry I. Benowitz, Constance L. Cepko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Oxidative stress contributes to the loss of neurons in many disease conditions as well as during normal aging; however, small-molecule agents that reduce oxidation have not been successful in preventing neurodegeneration. Moreover, even if an efficacious systemic reduction of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS/NOS) could be achieved, detrimental side effects are likely, as these molecules regulate normal physiological processes. A more effective and targeted approach might be to augment the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism only in the cells that suffer from oxidation. Here, we created several adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to deliver genes that combat oxidation. These vectors encode the transcription factors NRF2 and/or PGC1a, which regulate hundreds of genes that combat oxidation and other forms of stress, or enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase, which directly detoxify ROS. We tested the effectiveness of this approach in 3 models of photoreceptor degeneration and in a nerve crush model. AAV-mediated delivery of NRF2 was more effective than SOD2 and catalase, while expression of PGC1a accelerated photoreceptor death. Since the NRF2-mediated neuroprotective effects extended to photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells, which are 2 very different types of neurons, these results suggest that this targeted approach may be broadly applicable to many diseases in which cells suffer from oxidative damage.
Nature of the renal injury following total renal ischemia in man.
Authors: B D Myers, D C Miller, J T Mehigan, C O Olcott, H Golbetz, C R Robertson, G Derby, R Spencer, S Friedman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The effects of total renal ischemia (TRI) of 15-87 min duration due to suprarenal clamping of the aorta were studied in 15 mannitol-treated patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery. 15 patients undergoing similar surgery but requiring only infrarenal clamping served as controls. 1-2 h following TRI, GFR was reduced to only 39% of that in controls, 23 +/- 5 vs. 59 +/- 7 ml/min (P less than 0.001). This could not be ascribed to impaired renal plasma flow (RPF), which was mildly reduced to 331 +/- 71 and was not different from the value in controls, 407 +/- 66 ml/min. However, impaired PAH extraction (43 +/- 7%) and isosthenuria, not present in controls, suggest a primary role for tubular injury in lowering GFR at this time. 24 h following TRI, the GFR remained depressed below controls, 45 +/- 8 vs. 84 +/- 8 ml/min (P less than 0.005), while the transglomerular sieving of neutral dextrans was significantly enhanced (radius interval, 24-40 A). A theoretical analysis of transcapillary solute exchange revealed that these findings could be largely explained by a selective reduction of either RPF (-61%) or of transmembrane hydraulic pressure difference (-18%) below control values. Alternately, a combination of these two factors with changes of smaller magnitude could explain the findings. In contrast, a selective increase in oncotic pressure or decrease of the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient could be excluded as a cause of hypofiltration 24 h after TRI. These observations lead us to suggest that the transient azotemia observed following TRI is due to a self-limited injury to the nephron that is identical to that seen in overt and sustained forms of acute renal failure.
Observations ON THE PATHOLOGY OF CARDIAC DROPSY: Being the Oliver-Sharpey Lectures delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, May, 1917
Authors: C. Bolton
Journal: BMJ (1917)

IAFTER expressing his sense of the honour conferred upon him by the College, Dr. Bolton referred to the work of Lower, Cohnheim, and Starling, explained that the object -of his researches was to produce experimentally uncom- pensated heart disease in order to study the resulting pathological processes, and proceeded as follows:] Interference with the Filling of the Heart.Experiment had shown that the heart, with its muscle in all respects intact, can so perfectly accommodate itself to increased work, that it will overcome an increasing resistance opposed to it up to a certain point, and thus maintain the arterial and venous pressures at their normal heights; beyond this point, however, when the heart -cannot completely overcome the resistance, it suddenly fails and the circulation comes to an end.One cannot, therefore, experimentally interfere with the heart in its