tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infliximab leads to a rapid but transient improvement in endothelial function in patients with primary systemic vasculitis
Authors: K Raza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To assess the immediate effects of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockade on endothelial function in systemic vasculitis. <b>Methods:</b> Endothelial function was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry in patients with active vasculitis after 10 infusions of infliximab. For comparison endothelial responses were assessed after five infusions of cyclophosphamide plus methylprednisolone. <b>Results:</b> Endothelial dependent vasodilatation (EDV) improved significantly within 24 hours of infliximab infusion. The median change in red blood cell flux (interquartile range) was 5.7 (4.3–8.2) before infusion <i>v</i> 8.4 (7.5–10.9) at 24 hours; p = 0.027. This was not maintained at day 14. No improvement was seen in EDV after cyclophosphamide plus methylprednisolone infusion. <b>Conclusion:</b> The rapid but transient improvement in EDV after TNFα inhibition suggests that TNFα may have a direct role in the impairment of endothelial function.
Quantitation of β2-Microglobulin and Other Immune Characteristics in a Prospective Study of Men at Risk for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Susan Zolla-Pazner
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Serum samples from 24 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and from 15 patients with an early or milder form of this disease ("suspected AIDS") were found to contain elevated levels of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M). Therefore, prospective studies of 40 asymptomatic homosexual men from New York City were undertaken to determine whether quantitation of beta 2M and other immunologic variables was useful in recognizing those in populations at high risk for this disease who have a high probability for experiencing symptoms consistent with AIDS. After 20 to 26 months of follow-up, two of those persons now have AIDS and four have suspected AIDS. All six of these persons had elevated serum beta 2M levels and other immunologic abnormalities when they entered this study. Of those tested, only one other man had an increased level of beta 2M; neither he nor any of the remaining 33 persons in this group developed AIDS.
Endothelial-specific Nox2 overexpression increases vascular superoxide and macrophage recruitment in ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Gillian Douglas, Jennifer K. Bendall, Mark J. Crabtree, Amy L. Tatham, Emma E. Carter, Ashley B. Hale, Keith M. Channon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

AimsVascular disease states are associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased production of reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidases. However, it remains unclear whether a primary increase in superoxide production specifically in the endothelium alters the initiation or progression of atherosclerosis.
Participation of Epileptic Patients in Sports
Authors: Samuel Livingston
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The athletic privileges of young people with epilepsy are often restricted by parents because of fear that injury might "make the epilepsy worse," or that resulting fatigue may precipitate further seizures, or both. The public in general tends to share these views; fortunately, many physicians and educators today believe that once a patient's seizures are under reasonable control, he should lead a normal life and participate in sports and other physical activities. We have encountered many instances where parents of a child who had experienced only an occasional seizure considered him ill in the same respect as if he were afflicted with active tuberculosis or acute rheumatic fever. These children were encouraged and frequently compelled to rest and take daily afternoon naps. These attitudes should be discouraged, since they are medically unsound and often do the patient more harm than good. The parents should be instructed to allow their children
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Gonadal Dysfunction in Renal Failure, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation*
Authors: DAVID J. HANDELSMAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1985)

THE REGULARITY of gonadal dysfunction in patients with chronic renal failure and in particular the dramatic reversal of hypogonadism after successful renal transplantation are of theoretical and practical interest in the understanding of the regulation of normal and abnormal gonadal function. It is the purpose of this review to summarize available knowledge of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in uremia. Specific emphasis is directed towards the derangements of testicular function in uremia and the central as well as gonadal disturbances operative. In addition the parallel abnormalities of the ovarian, thyroidal, adrenal and somatotropin axes in uremia are also considered. Finally, specific factors implicated in the pathogenesis of uremic hypogonadism are evaluated.
Tissue Valve Is the Preferred Option for Patients Aged 60 and Older
Authors: Tsuyoshi Kaneko, Lawrence H. Cohn, Sary F. Aranki
Journal: Circulation (2013)

A 60-year-old man presents to your clinic.He has symp- tomatic severe Aortic stenosis with a bicuspid valve diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiogram.No coronary disease was found on cardiac catheterization.What would be the valve choice in this patient?To answer this question, we need to explore the myths surrounding heart valve prostheses, which include the following:1. Patients with mechanical valves survive longer.2. Patients with bioprostheses will never require anticoagulation.3. Patients on warfarin therapy should get mechanical valve.4. Patients with mechanical valve should receive mechanical valve at the time of reoperation.5. Reoperation and structural valve deterioration (SVD) rates are the same.6. Mechanical valves have better hemodynamics. Response by Suri and Schaff on p 1371Recently, there has been a monumental shift toward the use of bioprosthetic valves.From the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database, applications of mechanical valves have decreased from 49.9% in 1997 to 20.5% in 2006, whereas bioprosthetic valve usage increased from 43.6% in 1997 to 78.4% in the aortic position. 1A similar trend was documented in the mitral position; from the STS database, usage of mechanical valve has decreased from 68% in 2000 to 37% in 2007. 2 Classic teaching recommends mechanical valve for younger patients because of its durability at the expense of lifetime anticoagulation.In contrast, bioprostheses will free patients from anticoagulation but exposes them to the risk of SVD, which increases with time.As the trend grows toward increased use of bioprostheses, age limit for bioprosthetic valve use versus mechanical valve is intensely debated.According to the most updated American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline from 2008, patient age is no longer on the Class I recommendation for aortic valve replacements (AVR).There is class IIa recommendation to use mechanical valve in patients aged <65 years who do not have a contraindication to anticoagulation and bioprosthetic valve in patients either aged >65 years without risk of thromboembolism or aged <65 years who elect to receive this valve for lifestyle considerations after detailed discussions of the risks of anticoagulation versus the likelihood that a second AVR may be necessary in the future. 3Similarly for mitral valve replacement (MVR), Class I indication does not include age criteria (see Appendix I in the online-only Data Supplement).The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) guideline recommends mechanical valve for age <60 in AVR and <65 in MVR. 4 These age cutoffs are set at the point where the benefit of bioprostheses (no anticoagulation) outweighs the risk (reoperation because of SVD), because age at implantation is directly associated with SVD.The removal of cutoff age in the ACC/ AHA guideline is supported by some surgeons for the following reasons.(1) Current bioprostheses appear to have lower rates
Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology meeting 2010: DOSE, ASPIRE, CONNECT, STICH, STOP‐AF, CABANA, RACE II, EVEREST II, ACCORD, and NAVIGATOR
Authors: John G.F. Cleland, Alison P. Coletta, Laszlo Buga, Daniyal Ahmed, Andrew L. Clark
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Goals of End-Stage Renal Disease Data Collection Include Disseminating Findings to Physicians
Authors: Ken Sternberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES of Health has awarded a $6.7-million contract to create what it hopes will be the most comprehensive epidemiologic profile of end-stage renal disease yet devised. Canada, Japan, some European nations, and at least one state in this country are among those that already collect such information about patients with kidney disease.  The five-year project, called the US Renal Data System, is being funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Md. Its goal is to collect data about all of the approximately 130 000 Americans who now undergo dialysis or have had kidney transplants because of chronic kidney failure.  The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) now collects general information about the dialysis and transplant recipients whose care it reimburses each year. This information includes when renal failure occurred, why kidney function was lost, and hospital admissions, says Philip Held, PhD. (Held is
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein in Tumor Tissues Obtained From Patients With Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
Authors: Takayuki Tsuchihashi, Ken Yamaguchi, Yoshi Miyake, Kotomi Otsubo, Koichi Nagasaki, Satoshi Honda, Yasuto Akiyama, Yoshihau Maedo, Morio Koike, Özge Alper, Satoshi Kimura, Kaoru Abe
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

We assessed the relationship between the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (i.e., hypercalcemia due to the production by solid tumors of hy-percalcemic factors) by assaying tumor extracts from hypercalcemic and normocalcemic patients with cancer for immunoreactive PTHrP contents. Immunoreactive PTHrP was demonstrated in extracts of 21 of 22 tumor tissues obtained from 22 patients with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Immunoreactive PTHrP was rarely seen in tumor tissue extracts obtained from 34 normocalcemic patients with cancer and two hypercalcemic patients with cancer with severe bone metas-tases. Gel filtration studies of tumor extracts revealed a molecular-size heterogeneity of immunoreactive PTHrP. These radioimmunoassay data indicate a close relationship between detection of PTHrP in tumor tissues and the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. [J Natl Cancer 82:40–44, 1990]
Druggists and Prescriptions.
Authors: Slain Victim
Journal: JAMA (1900)

ing from plague.He died on October 4. Most elaborate pre¬ cautions were taken against the spread of the disease.The pa¬ tient's clothes and the bedding at his house were burned.His body was cremated.Over 700 rats have been destroyed at Car¬ diff, of which 134 were caught on one ship.All danger of an outbreak of plague seems to be now passed. FRACTURED SKULL MISTAKEN FOR DRUNKENNESS.Another of those unfortunate cases in which a fatal head in¬ jury is regarded by the police as a case of drunkenness, has just occurred.A Londoner, aged 54, was traveling on business at some neighboring seaside resort.He did not return home until later than when he was expected.On his arrival he complained of his head and seemed in a dazed condition.He said that he had been locked up, charged with drunkenness and fined.He was a man of sober habits, and really had been taken ill and fallen while running to catch a train.Three days later he died.At the inquest it was proved than on the day of his arrest he was sober at 1:45 p. m.A policeman said that about 2 p. m. he saw the deceased staggering toward the railway station.He fell three times.A physician was called, who expressed the opinion that he was drunk, and he was taken to the police station.The police inspector insisted that he must have been drunk, as he could not stand.He ad¬ mitted that blood was oozing from one ear.Death was found to be due to fracture of the skull, and it was thought that the deceased had an apoplectic seizure before he fell.
F-18 PET-CT Showing Large Vessel Vasculitis in a Patient With High Inflammatory Markers and No Localizing Symptoms
Authors: Benjamin E. Schreiber, Henry Ho Ching Tam, Chris Carvalho, Wai Lup Wong, Andrew I. Russell, Clare S. Higgens
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

In this report, we describe the use of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) as an early investigation in a patient with high inflammatory markers and no localizing symptoms. PET-CT showed arteritis of large vessels, subsequently confirmed as giant cell arteritis on biopsy. We have therefore avoided other investigations which would otherwise be performed to exclude occult infection and malignancy. This report has highlighted the expanding role of PET-CT for the rheumatologist.
Totemic Medicine and Shamanism Among the Northwest American Indians
Authors: Sisvan W. A. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Medicine has marched with history and marked time with it. It has molded and, in its turn, has been influenced by the degree of intellectual development in any given space or era of human endeavor. Primitive medicine, then, reflects the primitive man's thoughts about life, death, social, and, indeed, all activity. The aborigine saw in all disease—from fracture to fever or fainting—the hand of the supernatural, the premordial etiologic factor in all abnormal as well as normal conditions. This was the state of American Indian medicine at the time of European contact. The Northwest Coast native was the last to come under the influence of civilization and indeed medicine men of primitive thinking can still be sporadically encountered.  Ethnography  Anthropologically the Northwest Pacific Coast constitutes a well-defined cultural unit, with its particular form of social and political organization, its peculiar economy, art, and technology, its own temporal and spiritual way
Alprenolol Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Leonard J. Lyon
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kerber and associates have written inThe Journal(<b>214</b>:1849-1854, 1970) that they found alprenolol hydrochloride (Aptine), a new β-adrenergic blocking agent, to be generally effective in treatment of various supraventricular arrhythmias and possibly superior to propranolol hydrochloride because alprenolol seems to lack the former drug's negative inotropic effect. We recently reported on the use of alprenolol in 20 patients with angina pectoris.<sup>1</sup>We conducted a study in which the patients received in turn placebo, 200, and 400 mg of alprenolol hydrochloride per day by random double-blind crossover assignment. Only one patient had to discontinue the drug because of increased dyspnea even though seven patients were receiving digitalis, and six were receiving diuretics as well for treatment of congestive heart failure. Although the drug was well tolerated (only one other patient had to be dropped from the study because of side effects) most of our patients showed
Abstract 4200: Effects of microRNA-100 on cell proliferation and apoptosis is associated with dysregulation of Plk1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Authors: Wuling Zhu, Binglin Fan, Hongge zhang, Xiaohui Ji, Wancai Yang, Wancai Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The microRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by degrading mRNA and by inhibiting translation of protein. Numerous studies have demonstrated the critical roles of miRNA in physiological and pathological procedures, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and in carcinogenesis. Recent studies have particularly reported that miR-100 is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers, including colorectal, lung, prostate, ovarian, thyroid, pancreatic, liver, breast, cervical and nasopharyngeal cancers. It has also been reported that reduction of miRNA-100 is associated with poor prognosis. But the effects of miRNA-100 on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its potential mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, we transfected miRNA-100 analogue into human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 cell, employed quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and other approaches, and found that the expression of miRNA-100 was markedly lower but polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was higher in the HCC cell line and fetal liver, compared to those in the normal hepatocytes and adult liver, respectively. Moreover, increasing miRNA-100 expression in HepG2 cells inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistic and correlation studies revealed that the anti-cancer effects of miRNA-100 were associated with downregulation of Plk1 expression at mRNA and protein levels. Factually, bioinformatic analysis has predicted that Plk1 could be a target of miRNA-100. In conclusion, our results have shown that miRNA-100 has a tumor suppressor function in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which may be associated with downregulation of Plk1, and implicate the potential application of miR-100 in connection with Plk1 for targeted gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Citation Format: Wuling Zhu, Binglin Fan, Hongge zhang, Xiaohui Ji, Wancai Yang, Wancai Yang. Effects of microRNA-100 on cell proliferation and apoptosis is associated with dysregulation of Plk1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4200. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4200
Calcium-Mobilizing Effect of Large Doses of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol in Anephric Rats
Authors: Henriette Pavlovitch, Michele Garabedian, Sonia Balsan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The effect of high doses of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on plasma calcium concentration was studied in rats receiving a low-calcium normal vitamin D diet. In bilaterally nephrectomized animals, as in sham-operated controls, 62.5 nmol of 25-hyroxycholecalciferol did not produce a rise of plasma calcium concentration. In contrast, the administration of 125 or 625 nmol, doses 1,000-5,000 times the minimal active dose in D-deficient rats, was followed in both groups of animals by a significant increase of plasma calcium concentration. Removal of either parathyroids alone or parathyroid and thyroid glands did not suppress this effect. These data suggest that when large doses are used in vivo, the renal conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to more polar metabolites is not an obligatory step for its calcium-mobilizing action. The present study does not elucidate, however, the exact mechanism(s) of this effect.
Alkylating Agents and
Authors: Daniel G. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Eleven patients with malignant lymphoma had sperm counts done in the course of maintenance treatment with the alkylating agents chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide. Of the nine patients treated with chlorambucil, all had aspermia after treatment with doses ranging from 10.1 to 17.7 mg/kg of body weight. The two patients treated with cyclophosphamide had aspermia after a total dose of 227 and 980 mg/kg. One patient has been observed for one year following the cessation of alkylating agents and no return of spermatogenesis has occurred. Three patients had had radiation therapy to portals below the diaphragm and in these cases scatter irradiation might have been a contributing factor.
Guide to Liver Transplantation
Authors: Z. Myron Falchuk
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The advances in liver transplantation over the past two decades have transformed the procedure from the experimental technique pioneered by Dr Thomas Starzl in the early 1960s to its present-day version. Today, liver transplants are being carried out in many centers, at the rate of nearly 1200 per year.  The vision of Starzl and others has led to the current state of the art. In the
Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells by TNF and PDGF: overlapping and complementary signal transduction mechanisms
Authors: K PEPPEL, L ZHANG, E ORMAN, P HAGEN, A AMALFITANO, L BRIAN, N FREEDMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Because tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vein graft neointimal hyperplasia, we sought to determine mechanisms by which TNF could induce proliferative and migratory responses in smooth muscle cells (SMCs).In rabbit jugulocarotid interposition vein grafts, SMCs expressed TNF as early as four days postoperatively. In rabbit aortic SMCs, TNF and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) elicited comparable migration (1.7-fold/basal), and their effects were partially additive. In contrast, while TNF failed to promote SMC [(3)H]thymidine incorporation alone, it doubled the [(3)H]thymidine incorporation observed with PDGF alone. To gain mechanistic insight into these phenomena, we found that TNF and PDGF each activated p38(mapk) equivalently in SMCs, but that PDGF was two to three times more efficacious than TNF in activating SMC extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and 2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. However, only TNF activated NF kappa B. SMC [(3)H]thymidine incorporation that depended on TNF, but not PDGF, was abolished by overexpression of a dominant-negative I kappa B alpha mutant. Inhibition of ERK activation by U0126 reduced SMC migration stimulated only by PDGF (by 35%, P<0.05), but not by TNF. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by LY294002, however, significantly reduced both TNF- and PDGF-stimulated chemotaxis (by 38-54%, P<0.05). In contrast, both U0126 and LY294002 abolished SMC [(3)H]thymidine incorporation induced by either TNF, PDGF, or both agonists.In primary rabbit SMCs, TNF promotes migration and mitogenesis through signaling mechanisms that are both distinct from and overlapping with those employed by PDGF. TNF-induced SMC mitogenesis requires complementary co-stimulation with other growth factors.
Treatment and Follow-up of Adolescents Addicted to Heroin
Authors: P. Boyd, W. R. Layland, J. R. Crickmay
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A survey of the first year's referral of heroin-addicted adolescents was undertaken exactly two years after the opening of a special treatment unit. Out of 130 patients presenting 78 were selected for treatment and were followed up. The drug-taking pattern of this group is reported. At the time of the survey 27% were assessed as off all addictive drugs.
Western Medicine in Tropical Lands
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Tropical Doctor is about to celebrate its first anniversary. It is a journal conceived — and so hailed by Lancet, British Medical Journal and other publications — as an information service oriented to "medical workers in developing countries," including the "medical worker who lacks the full training of the qualified physician."1 Under the direction of Dr. Hugh A. Clegg, editor emeritus of the British Medical Journal, the articles that have been published to date do indeed have a strong practical cut: how to recognize measles in its severe tropical form, how to manage diarrhea, and how to fashion simple orthopedic . . .
Intravesical BCG in Patients with Carcinoma in situ of the Urinary Bladder: Long&amp;ndash;Term Results of EORTC GU Group Phase II Protocol 30861
Authors: G. Jakse, R. Hall, A. Bono, W. H&ouml;ltl, P. Carpentier, J.P. Spaander, A.P.M. van der Meijden, R. Sylvester
Journal: European Urology (2001)