tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anticatabolic Effect of Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Enriched Solutions in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Giulio Marchesini, Marco Zoli, Cristina Dondi, Giampaolo Bianchi, Maurizio Cirulli, Emilio Pisi
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

An amino acid mixture rich in branched-chain amino acids and poor in aromatic amino acids was infused in six cirrhotics with altered plasma amino acid profile and normal mental state. The effect on muscle protein catabolism, as measured by urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine, was assessed during two consecutive 3-day period in which patients received the amino acid mixture alone or in a hypertonic dextrose solution. During a 3-day basal period, cirrhotics showed increased rates of 3-methylhistidine excretion as compared to six matched healthy subjects. Both treatments reduced urinary 3-methylhistidine to normal. During treatment, branched-chain amino acids failed to normalize, plasma aromatic amino acid concentrations and ammonia declined, and alanine increased. Branched-chain amino acids are mainly oxidized in skeletal muscle with production of alanine. Reduced muscle protein catabolism following amino acid infusion is consistent with the physiological role of branched-chain amino acids in suppressing protein breakdown and stimulating protein synthesis. Long-term therapy with branched-chain amino acid-enriched mixtures may prove useful in advanced cirrhotics with severe muscle wasting.
Evaluation of pediatric intensive care in Europe
Authors: F. Beaufils, J. C. Roze, D. Azema, G. François Hamoir, D. Bloc, D. Floret, H. Stopfkuchen, C. C. E. de Jong de Vos Van Steenwijk, E. Van der Voort, F. Mar Molinero
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1987)
Plasmapheresis, Infection, and Renal Disease-Reply
Authors: Edward J. Wing
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the letter by Dr Cohen and look forward to a full report of his findings. The high incidence of major infectious complications in Dr Cohen's series supports the conclusions of our study that plasmapheresis in renal patients predisposes to serious infections. The infection rate in our patients (63%) and in previous publications (26%) supports this association. The lack of correlation between infection and duration of plasmapheresis in Dr Cohen's series, which was also noted in our patients, does not obviate this association. In contrast, infection developed in only two of 21 renal patients in our control group (not treated with plasmapheresis).  Although the findings of these studies await confirmation in controlled trials, the apparent relation between plasmapheresis for renal disease and serious infection suggests that this therapy must be used with great caution.
Neck Injury to Women in Automobile Accidents
Authors: Edwin W. Amyes
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  The article, Neck Injury to Women in Auto Accidents ( 206 :2689, 1968), states:  The neck injury rate for women in metropolitan regions was 4.8 times and in nonmetropolitan regions, 1.7 times that for men. Auto injuries to areas other than the neck were also higher in women. Yet, the rates for injury not due to auto accidents for both men and women were about the same in each region, the metropolitan being approximately twice the non-metropolitan rates.  In the course of treating a large number of women who have been referred from general practitioners for evaluation of neck injuries, it has been apparent that a woman will have physical manifestations of neck injury, in many cases in which she was riding in a car with a man who generally did not complain of a neck injury. It has been a common observation that the neck musculature of
Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease deficiency impacts telomere biology and causes dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Hemanth Tummala, Amanda Walne, Laura Collopy, Shirleny Cardoso, Josu de la Fuente, Sarah Lawson, James Powell, Nicola Cooper, Alison Foster, Shehla Mohammed, Vincent Plagnol, Thomas Vulliamy, Inderjeet Dokal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and related syndromes are inherited, life-threatening bone marrow (BM) failure disorders, and approximately 40% of cases are currently uncharacterized at the genetic level. Here, using whole exome sequencing (WES), we have identified biallelic mutations in the gene encoding poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) in 3 families with individuals exhibiting severe DC. PARN is an extensively characterized exonuclease with deadenylation activity that controls mRNA stability in part and therefore regulates expression of a large number of genes. The DC-associated mutations identified affect key domains within the protein, and evaluation of patient cells revealed reduced deadenylation activity. This deadenylation deficiency caused an early DNA damage response in terms of nuclear p53 regulation, cell-cycle arrest, and reduced cell viability upon UV treatment. Individuals with biallelic PARN mutations and PARN-depleted cells exhibited reduced RNA levels for several key genes that are associated with telomere biology, specifically TERC, DKC1, RTEL1, and TERF1. Moreover, PARN-deficient cells also possessed critically short telomeres. Collectively, these results identify a role for PARN in telomere maintenance and demonstrate that it is a disease-causing gene in a subset of patients with severe DC.
SPECT Anti-CEA Monoclonal Antibody Detection of Occult Colorectal Carcinoma Metastases
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, DAVID M. GOLDENBERG, WILLIAM L. DIEHL, ROBIN D. MACAULAY, LAURIE A. DERBY, JESSIE Z. TRIVINO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Radioimmunodetection (RAID) using Tc-99m labeled Fab' fragments of the anti-CEA monoclonal antibody IMMU-4 was performed in a 68-year-old man for preoperative evaluation of colonic metastases. Planar images at 3 and 18 hours showed uptake within known metastases in the left lobe of the liver that had been observed with CT and at surgery during the preceding month. SPECT images at 3 hours demonstrated two additional unsuspected lesions. All sites were surgically confirmed the following day using intraoperative sonographic guidance, with the smallest occult lesion measuring only 6 x 9 mm. This case illustrates the limitations of CT and surgery, the potential of RAID for the detection of occult metastases, the increased sensitivity of SPECT over planar images for detecting lesions less than 1 cm in diameter, and the value of intraoperative guidance for small nonpalpable lesions.
Mathew Philip Thoppil
Authors: Joseph Thoppil
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​GeneralGeneral practitioner Denton Turret surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne (b Alwaye, India, 1973; q Newcastle upon Tyne 1997; FRACGP), d 20 May 2005.



Figure 1



Mat completed his house officer year in Sunderland and Bishop Auckland before joining the Northumbria Vocational Training Scheme, which he completed in 2002. He then moved to Australia, working as a GP in Mount Gambier and Fremantle. Mat returned to the United Kingdom in 2004 and was about to become a partner. He died doing what he loved—playing squash. He leaves a wife, Julie.
Prospective study of Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and cardiovascular diseases in a general elderly population
Authors: T. E Strandberg, R. S Tilvis, M. Vuoristo, M. Lindroos, T. U Kosunen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To determine whether raised plasma glucose concentration independently influences outcome after acute stroke or is a stress response reflecting increased stroke severity.Design: Long term follow up study of patients admitted to an acute stroke unit.Setting: Western Infirmary, Glasgow.Subjects: 811 patients with acute stroke confirmed by computed tomography.Analysis was restricted to the 750 non-diabetic patients.Main outcome measures: Survival time and placement three months after stroke.Results: 645 patients (86%) had ischaemic stroke and 105 patients (14%) haemorrhagic stroke.Cox's proportional hazards modelling with stratification according to Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project categories identified increased age (relative hazard 1.36 per decade; 95% confidence interval 1.21 to 1.53), haemorrhagic stroke (relative hazard 1.67; 1.22 to 2.28), time to resolution of symptoms > 72 hours (relative hazard 2.15; 1.15 to 4.05), and hyperglycaemia (relative hazard 1.87; 1.43 to 2.45) as predictors of mortality.The effect of glucose concentration on survival was greatest in the first month.Conclusions: Plasma glucose concentration above 8 mmol/l after acute stroke predicts a poor prognosis after correcting for age, stroke severity, and stroke subtype.Raised plasma glucose concentration is therefore unlikely to be solely a stress response and should arguably be treated actively.A randomised trial is warranted.
Chronic low back pain: Patient had chronic rather than acute pain
Authors: P. J Watson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–Several concerns arise from the 10-minute consultation on chronic back pain by Samanta et al.1 The case presented is that of a man with a two year history of chronic back pain. The advice given is in line with the suggested management of a person with acute back pain, not one with an exacerbation of a …
Risk factors in two populations at contrasting risk for coronary artery disease
Authors: J. Femëres, A. Evans, P. Amouyel, D. Arveiler, J. Yamell, J.B. Ruidavets, I.J. Vague, J.C. Fruchart, G. Luc, P.Y. Scarabin, F. Cambien, P. Ducimetiere
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Radionuclide Imaging in Emphysema After Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
Authors: KAZUYOSHI SUGA, KAZUYA NISHIGAUCHI, KENSAKU SHIMIZU, TAKEO KAWAMURA, NAOFUMI MATSUNAGA, KAZURO SUGI, KENSUKE ESATO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Three dimensional (3D) surface displays of dynamic Xe-133 and Tc-99m MAA SPECT were performed to evaluate regional lung function in two patients with pulmonary emphysema before and after thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery. The 3D displays were reconstructed using a color-illuminated, surface-rendering technique. For the Xe-133 studies, a fusion display of 3D equilibrium(EQ) and 3-minute washout (WO) images was used to show the distribution of Xe-133 retention, which were transparently seen within the entire lung contours delineated by the EQ image. In both patients, these 3D displays allowed an overview of the localized poorly functioning lungs with Xe-133 retention or reduced perfusion with geometric realism. The location and extent were more easily comprehended on the displays compared to the slice-by-slice presentations of tomograms. Postoperatively, the displays efficiently revealed restored function in the remaining lungs. The 3D surface displays of the two SPECT procedures providing topographic information of regional lung function appears to contribute to the treatment strategy of this surgery.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Combined Treatment with Plasmapheresis and Antiplatelet Agents
Authors: THOMAS J. MYERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Seven of eight patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura who were treated with both exchange plasmapheresis and antiplatelet agents (aspirin and dipyridamole) achieved complete remission. The eighth patient appeared to fail on this regimen but responded to corticosteroids and splenectomy. A ninth patient attained full remission after therapy with only aspirin and dipyridamole. The antiplatelet agents appeared to play an important role in the response of four patients. Eight patients received maintenance aspirin and dipyridamole. This maintenance therapy may have prevented relapses of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in some patients as evidence of active, subclinical disease persisted for many weeks in most patients. Treatment with maintenance antiplatelet agents was discontinued in five patients after 7 to 18 months and no patient has relapsed. An effective therapeutic regimen for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura would include initial therapy with exchange plasmapheresis, aspirin, and dipyridamole and maintenance therapy with antiplatelet agents.
Decline in Physical Activity in Black Girls and White Girls during Adolescence
Authors: Sue Y.S. Kimm, Nancy W. Glynn, Andrea M. Kriska, Bruce A. Barton, Shari S. Kronsberg, Stephen R. Daniels, Patricia B. Crawford, Zak I. Sabry, Kiang Liu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

We prospectively followed 1213 black girls and 1166 white girls enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study from the ages of 9 or 10 to the ages of 18 or 19 years. We used a validated questionnaire to measure leisure-time physical activity on the basis of metabolic equivalents (MET) for reported activities and their frequency in MET-times per week; a higher score indicated greater activity.
COLD URTICARIA AND HISTAMINE ALLERGY: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: L. Minor Blackford
Journal: JAMA (1931)

In the last four years, Thomas Lewis and his associates have done much work on the effect of cold on the human skin. They have proved the unusually high histamine content of the normal skin (1: 100,000) and have devised ingenious experiments to show that histamine or a substance like histamine is responsible for the urticarial wheals sometimes produced by cold. In one of these papers<sup>1</sup>they reviewed the literature and assembled two small groups. In group 1, urticaria was complicated by transient hemoglobinuria, and syphilis was usually present. The first case was reported in 1879. Hemoglobinuria and syphilis were not present in group 2, the first case of which was reported in 1872. Probably wheals from cold have been observed more often than they have been reported. In 1929, Horton and Brown<sup>2</sup>reported three cases and assembled three more, in which marked systemic histamine-like reactions occurred in
Planned Parenthood v Casey-Reply
Authors: Janet Benshoof
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to Dr Lasky, while most people would agree that it is better for a young woman to discuss her pregnancy and abortion decision with a parent—and indeed most young women do involve a parent—not all minors are able to do so. Some young women are pregnant as the result of incest; others are subject to physical and psychological abuse; some women have family members who suffer from serious illness or disability; the parents of others hold strong religious views against abortion. Forcing these women to disclose their decision could severely jeopardize their health and well-being. In addition, forced notification could lead some parents to frustrate totally their daughter's choice to terminate her pregnancy. In no way does a criminal law mandating parental consent promote family communication. Rather, these requirements lead young women to forgo or delay necessary medical care. Some young women will run away or
Facilitated angioplasty with combined ADP P2T receptor blockade and fibrinolysis for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: results from the STEP-AMI trial
Authors: Abedelrahim I. Asfour, Adam B. Greenbaum, Thomas M. McFarland, Michelle LeMay, Jack A. Painter, Jack A. Painter, Joshua Kieval, Amanda Stebbins, W.Douglas Weaver
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Some Guiding Principles for Clinical Investigation
Authors: Henry K. Beecher
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Human experimentation takes place in several areas: in normal volunteers, in self-experimentation, in patient volunteers, in patients requiring therapy, in experimentation on patients not for their direct good but for the welfare of patients in general. There are ethical problems in all of these categories. The most difficult ones appear in the last area mentioned, and it will be considered first, for in large part guides there also apply to the less difficult areas. <h3>Experimentation for the Benefit of Others, Not for the Patient Involved</h3> Rigid codes which attempt to give detailed instructions to govern research are to be avoided. It is not possible to outline all contingencies; the consequent shortcomings when revealed during work invite legal action. Insofar as it is possible, it is essential to get the informed consent of the patient involved prior to study. It must be recognized that in any complete sense this often is
Small intestine hexose transport in experimental diabetes. Increased transporter mRNA and protein expression in enterocytes.
Authors: C F Burant, S Flink, A M DePaoli, J Chen, W S Lee, M A Hediger, J B Buse, E B Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The effect of insulinopenic diabetes on the expression of glucose transporters in the small intestine was investigated. Enterocytes were sequentially isolated from jejunum and ileum of normal fed rats, streptozotocin-diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with insulin. Facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) 2, GLUT5, and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 protein content was increased from 1.5- to 6-fold in enterocytes isolated from diabetic animals in both jejunum and ileum. Insulin was able to reverse the increase in transporter protein expression seen after induction of diabetes. There was a four- to eightfold increase in the amount of enterocyte glucose transporter mRNA after diabetes with greater changes in sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 and GLUT2 than in GLUT5 levels. In situ hybridization showed that after the induction of diabetes there was new hybridization in lower villus and crypt enterocytes that was reversed by insulin treatment. Thus, the increase in total hexose transport caused by diabetes is due to a premature expression of hexose transporters by enterocytes along the crypt-villus axis, causing a cumulative increase in enterocyte transporter protein during maturation. These changes are likely to represent an adaptive response by the organism to increase nutrient absorption in a perceived state of tissue starvation. These adaptive changes may lead to exacerbation of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes.
Surgical Treatment of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Charles Eckert
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ARISING on all portions of the body, although most frequent upon the extremities, malignant soft-tissue tumors present different problems of total eradication dependent upon their exact anatomical site of origin, previous treatment, presence of metastases, and their histogenesis. Because these tumors are only infrequently radiosensitive and effective chemotherapeutic agents are not currently available, surgical removal continues to be the primary choice of treatment. Occult metastases may be present at the time the patient is first seen, particularly in the undifferentiated lesions. However, if all methods available for the detection of distant metastases are used, and no distant metastases are found, a well-conceived and executed operation may not cure, but should suffice for control of the primary tumor. Local persistence of the tumor following primary removal is an indication of poor planning or technical inadequacy, and the incidence of locally persistent disease is the best method of evaluating the adequacy
Lung Function Tests: An Introduction
Authors: Theodore Rodman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This small book, says the author in his preface, cannot pretend to be anything more than an introduction to the principles of clinical pulmonary physiology... Much of the subject has been oversimplified at the risk of appearing dogmatic. The writing style is generally lucid, concise, and readable. The graphic illustrations are uncluttered and informative.  The introductory chapter, and the second chapter, which is devoted to ventilation and tests of ventilatory function, are excellent but the latter fails to mention some commonly used tests. On the other hand, the chapter on respiratory mechanics contains an eight-page abstruse description of the procedures for measuring lung compliance, pulmonary resistance, and airway resistance, unlikely to be either comprehensible or interesting to the physician to whom this book is directed.  Although a chapter is devoted to roentgenologic evaluation of pulmonary function, no mention is made of such recently introduced important techniques as lung scanning or
Utility of controlled human exposure studies for assessing the health effects of complex mixtures and indoor air pollutants.
Authors: W F McDonnell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The study of health effects induced by exposure to mixtures of pollutants is a complex task. The purpose of this paper is to identify areas of research in which the conduct of human controlled exposure (clinical) studies may contribute to better understanding health effects of exposure to indoor air and other mixtures. The strengths and weaknesses of clinical studies in general are reviewed, as well as examples from the literature of approaches that have been used. Human chamber studies play an important role alongside epidemiologic and animal toxicologic studies in such research. Human chamber studies are limited with regard to assessing chronic effects, rare effects, or effects from long-duration exposures but are powerful in assessing acute, reversible effects from short-duration exposures in humans. The areas in which human chamber studies are most likely to contribute include identification of effects or markers of effects for exposure to a given pollutant or mix of pollutants; direct dose-response assessment of effects for individual compounds and mixtures of set composition; identification of individual compounds responsible for the effects of a mixture; study of the joint effects of a binary mixture; development of markers of acute exposure for particular compounds; development of outcome measurements to be used in the field; and identification, characterization, and testing of sensitive subpopulations.