tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
V3-specific neutralizing antibodies in sera from HIV-1 gp160-immunized volunteers block virus fusion and act synergistically with human monoclonal antibody to the conformation-dependent CD4 binding site of gp120. NIH-NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network.
Authors: D C Montefiori, B S Graham, J Zhou, J Zhou, R A Bucco, D H Schwartz, L A Cavacini, M R Posner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Sera from 11 volunteers immunized with a recombinant HIV-1 gp160-expressing vaccinia virus (HIVAC-le; Oncogen/Bris- tol-Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA) and boosted with baculovirus- derived rgpl60 (VaxSyn; MicroGeneSys, Inc., Meriden, CT) were evaluated for functional serum antibodies and their epi- topes.Sera obtained prior to boosting had undetectable HIV- 1-specific IgG and neutralizing activity, and did not block HIV-1 from binding or fusing to CD4+ MT-2 cells. 14d after boosting, sera from each volunteer contained HIV-1-specific IgG titers of 1:40 to 1:1,280.Five of these sera also contained neutralizing antibodies, where most or all neutralizing activity was blocked by a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 307-330 ofthe V3 loop ofgpl 20, indicating that neutraliz- ing antibodies were mostly V3 loop-specific.All sera obtained after boosting contained HIV-1 binding/fusion-inhibition anti- bodies, and a significant portion of their activity was blocked by the V3 loop peptide, a result consistent with the presence of antibodies against the region of the V3 loop that participates in fusion.Three sera with V3 loop-specific neutralizing and fu- sion-inhibition antibodies were studied further.In competitive antibody binding experiments, antibodies reactive with the con- formation-dependent, CD4 binding site ofgpl20 were undetect- able in each serum.When evaluated in combination with a monoclonal antibody to the CD4 binding site of gpl 20, two sera demonstrated synergism in neutralizing assays, and all three sera demonstrated synergism in binding/fusion-inhibition as- says, further indicating that the functional antibodies were primarily V3 loop-specific.The synergism also suggests that a vaccine that elicits strong serum antibody responses to both regions of gpl20 may improve the potential for inducing protec- tive immunity. (
Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy and Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: MYRON L. LECKLITNER, N CAROL DORNBLUTH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

As the most common benign hepatic tumor, hepatic hemangioma may be misinterpreted during radiographic cancer staging, inadvertently biopsied, or pursued surgically as a solitary malignancy. Two cases of hepatic hemangiomas discovered during hepatobiliary scintigraphy are presented: the first involving multiple anechoic lesions by ultrasound and the second involving a solitary echogenic lesion by ultrasound. Whereas the former patient eventuated in surgery solely for the evaluation of a space-occupying lesion, the latter was totally obstructed at the common bile duct; both patients' hemangiomas were documented surgically.
Can the Clinical History Distinguish Between Organic and Functional Dyspepsia?
Authors: Paul Moayyedi, Nicholas J. Talley, M. Brian Fennerty, Nimish Vakil
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Upper gastrointestinal symptoms occur in 40% of the population. An accurate diagnosis would help rationalize investigation and treatment.To systematically review the literature of the accuracy of primary care physicians, gastroenterologists, or computer models in diagnosing organic dyspepsia.A search of Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (December 2003), MEDLINE (1966-December 2003), EMBASE (1988-December 2003), and CINAHL (1982-December 2003) for studies that reported on cohorts of patients attending for endoscopy that had symptoms, clinical opinion, or both recorded before investigation.Studies that prospectively compared the diagnosis reached by a clinician, computer model, or both with results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in adult patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.Two authors independently assessed studies (n = 79) for eligibility and abstracted data for estimating likelihood ratios (LRs) of clinical opinion, computer models, or both in diagnosing an organic cause for dyspepsia.Fifteen studies were identified that evaluated 11 366 patients, with 4817 patients (42%) classified as having organic dyspepsia. The computer models performed similarly to the clinician; therefore, the 2 approaches were combined. The diagnosis reached by the clinician or computer model suggesting organic dyspepsia had an LR of 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-1.8), and a negative result decreased the likelihood of organic dyspepsia (LR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.38-0.55). A diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease performed similarly with an LR of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.9-2.6), but an evaluation that suggested the absence of peptic ulcer disease had an LR of 0.45 (95% CI, 0.38-0.53). A clinical history suggesting esophagitis had an LR of 2.4 (95% CI, 1.9-3.0) vs a negative history that had an LR of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.42-0.60).Neither clinical impression nor computer models that incorporated patient demographics, risk factors, history items, and symptoms adequately distinguished between organic and functional disease in patients referred for endoscopic evaluation of dyspepsia.
For Doctor WCW
Authors: Tony Quagliano
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RSV Infection — Not for Kids Only
Authors: Sanjay Sethi, Timothy F. Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

It is ironic that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in adults, though recognized for several decades, has been overlooked, at least in part, because of the importance of RSV in the pediatric population. The report by Falsey et al. in this issue of the Journal has placed the public health dimensions of RSV infection in adults in perspective.1 Though there are no immediate clinical implications of this study, it does have important repercussions for public health strategy and for the prioritization of the development of vaccines and antiviral agents.Several important features of the study design used by Falsey et . . .
Analysis of interleukin-10 levels in lesions of vitiligo following treatment with topical tacrolimus
Authors: Z.A. Taher, G. Lauzon, S. Maguiness, M.T. Dytoc
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Vitiligo is an acquired dermatological condition that is characterized by depigmentation of patches of skin. It is relatively common, occuring in about 0.38-0.50% of the general population, and can engender significant cosmetic disfigurement and psychological sequelae in the affected individual. Recent studies demonstrate that topical tacrolimus (Protopic; Astellas, Markham, ON, Canada) is efficacious in the treatment of vitiligo. We propose that the successful treatment of vitiligo with topical tacrolimus involves the unique immunosuppressive actions of the T lymphocyte T-helper (Th) 2 cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10.We aimed to monitor clinical changes in lesions of vitiligo treated with topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and quantify IL-10 cytokine levels in nonvitiliginous skin, as well as lesions of vitiligo before and following topical tacrolimus therapy.Clinical evaluation of lesions of vitiligo on the basis of surface area and follicular repigmentation under Wood's lamp was performed in 20 enrolled adult patients. Biopsy specimens were obtained from nonvitiliginous skin, as well as lesions of vitiligo before and following topical tacrolimus therapy. Specimens were processed and analysed for expression of IL-10 using the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A statistically significant mean +/- SEM decrease in vitiligo lesion size of 41.0 +/- 5.2% was observed following 3 months of treatment. A pattern of follicular repigmentation was noted by the third month of treatment for all patients completing the study. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between IL-10 expression in vitiligo lesions following treatment for 3 months with topical tacrolimus compared with untreated vitiligo lesions (P = 0.017) and normal skin (P = 0.004).These results confirm that topical tacrolimus is an effective treatment for vitiligo. We propose that topical tacrolimus increases IL-10 expression in vitiligo lesions, and thereby inhibits melanocyte destruction triggered by unchecked Th1 pathways in vitiligo.
Visualization of Ventricular Thrombi With Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Nico R. Mollet, Steven Dymarkowski, Wim Volders, Jurgen Wathiong, Lieven Herbots, Frank E. Rademakers, Jan Bogaert
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Ventricular thrombus formation is a frequent and potentially dangerous complication in patients with ischemic heart disease. Although transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is generally used as diagnostic technique, we explored the role of contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRI to detect ventricular thrombi. Methods and Results— In 57 patients with acute myocardial infarction, chronic myocardial infarction, or ischemic cardiomyopathy, MRI was performed to evaluate ventricular function (CINE-MRI) and to depict presence of myocardial necrosis and/or scarring and no-reflow areas (CE-MRI). All studies were analyzed for concomitant ventricular thrombi. CE-MRI depicted 12 mural thrombi (3.1±2.9 cm 3 ), located in left ventricular (LV) apex or adherent to anteroseptum, presenting as black, well-defined structures surrounded by bright contrast-enhanced blood. Thrombus formation on CE-MRI was related to larger end-diastolic volumes; lower ejection fractions; the region of delayed enhancement and lowest wall motion score, especially in left anterior descending coronary artery territory; and LV aneurysm formation. On CINE-MRI, thrombi were found in 6 patients. Nonvisualized thrombi were usually small (mean size 1.2±0.7 cm 3 ). TTE depicted thrombi in 5. Nonvisualized lesions were most frequently located in LV apex and had a larger size than nonvisualized lesions on CINE-MRI (3.0±3.2 cm 3 ). In 3 patients with suspected apical thrombus on TTE, MRI was normal. Conclusions— CE-MRI is not only an excellent technique to depict myocardial necrosis and scar tissue in patients with ischemic heart disease, but this study also suggests a better identification of LV thrombi than with presently used clinical imaging modalities, such as TTE.
Auricular Fibrillation and Mitral Stenosis in Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: JACQUES B. WALLACH, MACELLIS GLASS, LESLIE LUKASH, ALFRED A. ANGRIST
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The infrequent association of bacterial endocarditis with auricular fibrillation and with severe mitral stenosis is noted. The relevant literature is reviewed. Eighty-two cases of bacterial endocarditis superimposed on rheumatic heart disease and 47 examples of bacterial endocarditis without underlying rheumatic valvulitis are studied. Auricular fibrillation and severe mitral stenosis occurred less frequently in these groups than in patients with rheumatic heart disease without bacterial endocarditis. Various theories to account for these observations are analyzed and an alternative explanation is offered.
Klebsiella, ankylosing spondylitis, and statistics.
Authors: R J Francois, C Debouche
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

This procedure for measuring aggregate represents a modi- fication of methods as described."To my knowledge there is no method one can use to obtain pure aggregate.The classical method for obtaining aggregate employing cen- trifugation in caesium chloride density gradients does not yield 100% aggregate.There are nonaggregatable proteo- glycans present in this fraction as well.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: New Concepts and Trends in Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: ROBERT A. KREISBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

New concepts concerning the pathogenesis and therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis are reviewed. The regulation of ketogenesis by intrahepatic enzymic processes and the roles of insulin deficiency or glucagon or other counterregulatory hormone excess are summarized. Major emphasis is placed on an analysis of the use of low-dose insulin regimens for the treatment of ketoacidosis. Most patients with diabetic ketoacidosis will respond to low-dose, hourly, intravenous or intramuscular regular insulin. Low doses of insulin are as effective as high doses and have fewer associated complications of hypoglycemia and hypokalemia. Phosphorus deficiency is common in diabetic ketoacidosis and hypophosphatemia usually becomes manifest within 4 to 12 h of institution of therapy. Phosphorus supplementation is now generally recommended to replete erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and improve oxygen delivery to tissues. Coexistent and biochemically significant lactic acidosis is a relatively infrequent complication of diabetic ketoacidosis and when present is usually due to underlying disorders associated with poor tissue perfusion.
A laparoscopic technique for full thickness intestinal biopsy and feeding jejunostomy.
Authors: W K Eltringham, A M Roe, S W Galloway, R A Mountford, H J Espiner
Journal: Gut (1993)

A laparoscopic technique is described, suitable for both full thickness intestinal biopsy and placement of a feeding jejunostomy tube. Its application in three cases is reported. The method is simple, permits full laparoscopic examination of the abdominal contents and being minimally invasive, facilitates early patients recovery.
FORMALIN AS A PRESERVATIVE AGENT FOR EYE SPECIMENS.
Authors: WILLIAM H. WILDER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The use of some of the older hardening and preservative agents especially for eye specimens is accompanied with certain disadvantages. Chromic acid and its salts, as used in Müller's fluid, although eminently satisfactory for hardening certain specimens, such as those containing nerve tissue, so discolors them that beautiful macroscopic preparations are difficult to obtain from its use. Alcohol and methyl-alcohol, although not discoloring the tissues of the eye, are open to the objection of making the cornea opaque, abstracting the color from the iris, blood vessels, etc., and what is more serious, unless cautiously used, of causing such contraction of the tissues as to almost spoil some delicate specimens. Again, Müller's fluid and the alcohols require a considerable time to completely harden the tissues of the eyeball so that it can be satisfactorily mounted. These objections do not pertain to formalin, which is one of the most valuable preservative agents
Stimulation of the proliferation of human bone cells in vitro by human monocyte products with interleukin-1 activity.
Authors: M Gowen, D D Wood, R G Russell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The process of induction of bone formation, which follows bone resorption during normal and pathological bone turnover, is well documented. However, the mechanisms responsible for this process are unclear. Mononuclear phagocytes present at the sites of bone remodeling could play a role in this "coupling" of bone formation to bone resorption. This study was designed to investigate such a possibility. By measuring both the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation and in cell number, we found that human monocytes in culture released factors capable of stimulating the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells derived from human bone. Rapidly dividing cells exhibited a greater response to interleukin 1 (IL-1) than confluent cells. The factors are similar to IL-1 in that they exhibited the same molecular weight and isoelectric point, were present in fractions that contained IL-1 activity after gel filtration chromatography and isoelectric focusing, and showed similar dose-response characteristics. Proliferation was more marked when prostaglandin production by the cells, which was also stimulated by these factors, was inhibited by indomethacin. A factor produced by monocytes that affects osteoblast activity may be important in the coupling of osteoclast and osteoblast actions.
B5-06: Mature results of PulmonArt: Involved-field 3D radiotherapy (RT) and docetaxel/cisplatin chemotherapy (CT) in a randomised phase 2 study comparing concurrent CT-RT followed by consolidation CT, with induction CT followed by concurrent CT-RT in patients (pts) with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Jan P. Van Meerbeeck, Felipe Cardenal, Johan Vansteenkiste, Jos Stigt, Fadil Akyol, Wilfried De Neve, Joke Bakker, Jean Michel Dupont, Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Suresh Senan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
THE TECHNIQUE OF RADIUM THERAPY TO-DAY
Authors: D. C. L. Fitzwilliams
Journal: BMJ (1930)

RADIUM tlherapy has been dealt with largely by the lay pr'ess, wlichl has done much good in educating people in the subject, but, as is so often the case, a false impression has been given by the application of the journalistic touch to a most important subject.T-wo-erron'eous views are, I tlhink, widely held by the laity in consequence: one is that radium will cure all cases of carcinoma, and the other is that for want of radium ninny unfortunate people are dying daily throughout the country.The use of radium has now roached a position where we know that in the treatment of carcinoma it is on a par with the knife, an-d in certain cases surpasses the use of that instruiment; but even the kniife has never been ableto deal vithl all cases of carcinoma.in the second place, there is at the momenit mi-ore radium in this country than there are people trained and capable of using it.On the Continent radium has been studied for many years, while in this country scien-tific niethods have beeni comparatively lately introduced.Radiulm gives off tlhree forms of rays: alpha rays, which are of no1 importance; beta rays, which are disadvantageous for miedlicinal purposes, and mi ust be screened off by platinuiii, lead, or otlher imperm ieable mnietals, Sllnce they destroy normal as well as abnornmal tissues; gammiia rays, which produce therapeutic effects, but mllust be as pure as possible.The gammiiliara-ys act more powemfully on imimature tissutes thlan on fu1lly developed and highly differentiated onies.Cancer cells, beinig immature anid hardly differen- tiated in miany cases consisting of masses of almost wholely undifferentiated cells in s-troma-are very miiuch more sensi- tive than the niormal tissues.They can therefore be killed without permanent injury being inflicted upon thenormal tissues.We also kniiow that cells in the course of rapid divisioni, such as caniceI cells, are miore seniisitive thani cells whicli divide and niu'tiply at longer initervals.METHODS OF APPLYING RADIM.3.General radium therapy is the introduction into the system of radio-active substances wlich will circulate throughout the body and act upon the primary growth, the glanids, and the nmetastases.It is the ideal method, but
ACUTE RHEUMATIC NEURITIS.
Authors: J. D. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The following cases may be of interest. About eight years ago I was called to see a patient, male, aged 30 years. He complained of intense pain at the tip of the left shoulder. On close examination I found that the seat of pain did not cover an area larger than a silver half-dollar at the end of the acromial nerve. Accompanying this pain there was quite a high temperature—103°F. Pressure through the shoulder-joint did not elicit pain; no pain elsewhere. I prescribed morphia and aconite. The former in sufficient doses to relieve the pain. While under the influence of the anodyne the pain was mitigated, but as soon as its influence passed off the pain returned in its previous severity. The aconite did not reduce the temperature. Quinine was administered but it did not reduce the temperature or relieve the pain. This line of treatment was carried out for
Medication Augmentation after the Failure of SSRIs for Depression
Authors: Madhukar H. Trivedi, Maurizio Fava, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Michael E. Thase, Frederick Quitkin, Diane Warden, Louise Ritz, Andrew A. Nierenberg, Barry D. Lebowitz, Melanie M. Biggs, James F. Luther, Kathy Shores-Wilson, A. John Rush
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Although clinicians frequently add a second medication to an initial, ineffective antidepressant drug, no randomized controlled trial has compared the efficacy of this approach.
Hemoglobins in Togolese Newborns: Hb S, Hb C, Hb Bart's, and α-Globin Gene Status
Authors: Akueté Yvon Segbena, Claude Prehu, Henri Wajcman, Josiane Bardakdjian-Michau, Kodjovi Messie, Lochina Feteke, Anne Vovor, Mireille David, Josué Feingold, Frédéric Galacteros
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The gene frequency of the most important hemoglobin (Hb) abnormalities is reported in a population of 171 Togolese newborns. Hb phenotypes, hematological parameters, and the more frequently described alpha-gene deletions were analyzed. Structural abnormalities of beta-globin were observed in 35.7% of the children with a gene frequency of 0.105 for beta(S) and 0.091 for beta(C). The frequency of the different alpha-globin genotypes was alpha alpha/ = 0.71, -alpha/ = 0.28, and alpha alpha alpha/ = 0.01. All of the individuals homozygous for the -alpha genotypes, and most of the heterozygous individuals, carried Hb Bart's. Within the alpha alpha/alpha alpha and the -alpha/alpha alpha groups, several individuals with or without Hb Bart's were found; they did not differ from the others by their red blood cell (RBC) parameters but by their levels of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F). The African alpha2 polymorphism marker, characterized by the replacement of G by TCGGCCC at position 7238 (EMBL HSHBA4, 1993) and of T 7174 by G, was found in 21 newborns. The mean value of Hb F was calculated for each genotype, the mean (G)gamma percentage was 69.4 +/- 4.0%, and the gene frequency of the AgammaT marker was 0.10; this marker was linked to the normal beta-globin cluster.
Congenital Heart Disease and Upper-Extremity Deformities
Authors: Lewis B. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE familial transmission of congenital heart disease and upper-extremity deformities was first reported by Holt and Oram1 in 1960. Defects of the atrial septum, hand and wrist deformities and frequent bizarre arrhythmias were recorded in members of four successive generations. In 1961 McKusick2 described a second family, a mother and daughter with defects of the atrial septum and hand and wrist deformities. Two years later Zetterqvist3 reported a third family, which included a mother and son with septal defects, cardiac arrhythmias and hand deformities, the mother's deformities being the more severe. A dominant mode of transmission is suggested by the . . .