tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Repeatability of airway deposition and tracheobronchial clearance rate over three days in chronic bronchitis
Authors: CH Ericsson, K Svartengren, M Svartengren, B Mossberg, K Philipson, M Blomquist, P Camner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Previous investigations on tracheobronchial clearance in chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have usually referred to measurements during a short time-period, i.e. a few hours. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to study regional particle deposition and tracheobronchial clearance during 72 h. In 14 patients with chronic bronchitis clearance of 111In-labelled 3.6 micrograms Teflon particles and lung function were measured on two occasions, with an interval of 2 weeks. Lung retention of test particles was measured at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h using a profile scanner. The weight of expectorated sputum samples was measured after the two clearance measurements. The particle retentions at all time-points were reproducible, as seen from the two measurements ( r &gt; 0.90). The fast clearance phase was completed within 72 h. No correlation between sputum volume and clearance was seen. There was a significant negative correlation between airway resistance and the 72 h retention (r= -0.66), and an even better correlation between specific airway resistance and the 72 h retention (r = -0.82), indicating more central deposition in obstructed airways. There was no significant correlation between lung function tests reflecting smaller airways and the 72 h retentions. Deposition data agreed well with theoretical calculations and experimental data in healthy subjects. In spite of earlier findings that mucociliary transport is usually severely impaired in chronic bronchitis and COPD, the present results indicate that overall tracheobronchial mucus clearance in these patients is fairly effective, probably due to a productive cough. Alveolar deposition may be estimated by measurements of the 72 h retention in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The 72 h retention is dependent mainly on the calibre of larger airways. The present method of studying airway clearance during 3 days is highly reproducible.
Degradation of heparan sulfate in the subendothelial extracellular matrix by a readily released heparanase from human neutrophils. Possible role in invasion through basement membranes.
Authors: Y Matzner, M Bar-Ner, J Yahalom, R Ishai-Michaeli, Z Fuks, I Vlodavsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Freshly isolated human neutrophils were investigated for their ability to degrade heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by cultured corneal and vascular endothelial cells. The ECM was metabolically labeled with Na2(35S)O4 and labeled degradation products were analyzed by gel filtration over Sepharose 6B. More than 90% of the released radioactivity consisted of heparan sulfate fragments 5-6 times smaller than intact heparan sulfate side chains released from the ECM by either papain or alkaline borohydride. These fragments were sensitive to deamination with nitrous acid and were not produced in the presence of either heparin or serine protease inhibitors. In contrast, degradation of soluble high molecular weight heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which was first released from the ECM, was inhibited by heparin but there was no effect of protease inhibitors. These results indicate that interaction of human neutrophils with the subendothelial ECM is associated with degradation of its heparan sulfate by means of a specific, newly identified, heparanase activity and that this degradation is facilitated to a large extent by serine proteases. The neutrophil heparanase was readily and preferentially released (15-25% of the cellular content in 60 min) by simply incubating the cells at 4 degrees C in the absence of added stimuli. Under these conditions, less than 5% of the cellular content of lactate dehydrogenase, lysozyme, and globin degrading proteases was released. Further purification of the neutrophil heparanase was achieved by its binding to heparin-Sepharose and elution at 1 M NaCl. It is suggested that heparanase activity is involved in the early events of extravasation and diapedesis of neutrophils in response to a threshold signal from an extravascular inflamed organ.
The Proteus syndrome: the Elephant Man diagnosed.
Authors: J A Tibbles, M M Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Sir Frederick Treves first showed Joseph Merrick, the famous Elephant Man, to the Pathological Society of London in 1884. A diagnosis of neurofibromatosis was suggested in 1909 and was widely accepted. There is no evidence, however, of café au lait spots or histological proof of neurofibromas. It is also clear that Joseph Merrick9s manifestations were much more bizarre than those commonly seen in neurofibromatosis. Evidence indicates that Merrick suffered from the Proteus syndrome and had the following features compatible with this diagnosis: macrocephaly; hyperostosis of the skull; hypertrophy of long bones; and thickened skin and subcutaneous tissues, particularly of the hands and feet, including plantar hyperplasia, lipomas, and other unspecified subcutaneous masses.
Using asthma inhalers can give false positive results in breath tests
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Spanish researchers have shown that asthma inhalers can give readings in breath alcohol tests that are, in most cases, above the legal limit fixed by Spanish traffic police.

Most worrying is the fact that aerosols without ethanol as the vehicle produced false positive results, says University of Cadiz pharmacologist Juan Manuel Ignacio-Garcia, lead author of the report ( Medicina Clinica 2002;118:332-4).

The study was on 60 volunteers with asthma attending the Hospital Comarcal de Ronda in Cadiz. Ten minutes before the participants were given …
Joan Elizabeth Crawley (nee Stewart)
Authors: J. Crawley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Joan Elizabeth Stewart was born in Edinburgh on 29 April 1919. Her grandfather, father, and uncle were all doctors, her father and uncle tragically dying from scarlet fever, which they had contracted from patients.

Joan was educated at St Leonard’s School in Fife, and in 1942 qualified in medicine at the University of Edinburgh. Following house jobs at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, …
SERUM SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CHLORIDE AFTER SUPRARENALECTOMY IN CATS WITH DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Authors: Charles A. Winter, E. G. Gross, W. R. Ingram
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

The external symptoms of suprarenal insufficiency in cats with diabetes insipidus are the same as in those animals with only the suprarenals removed, except that the symptoms develop more rapidly in the former. The serum electrolyte changes, however, are different; there is no consistent or marked decrease in the concentration of sodium or chloride following suprarenalectomy in cats with diabetes insipidus, but there is the usual increase in the concentration of potassium. It is suggested that this indicates that changes in sodium are less characteristic of suprarenal insufficiency than are disturbances of potassium metabolism or distribution. A possible inter-relationship between the suprarenal cortex and the posterior lobe of the pituitary as salt-regulating mechanisms is discussed.
Benefits of swimming pools in two remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia: intervention study
Authors: D. Lehmann
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To determine the health impact of swimming pools built with the aim of improving quality of life and reducing high rates of pyoderma and otitis media.Intervention study assessing prevalence of ear disease and skin infections before and at six monthly intervals after opening of swimming pools.Two remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia.84 boys and 78 girls aged < 17 years.Changes in prevalence and severity of pyoderma and perforation of tympanic membranes with or without otorrhoea over 18 months after opening of pools.In community A, 61 children were seen before the pool was opened, and 41, 46, and 33 children were seen at the second, third, and fourth surveys. Equivalent figures for community B were 60, 35, 39, and 45. Prevalence of pyoderma declined significantly from 62% to 18% in community A and from 70% to 20% in community B during the 18 months after the pools opened. Over the same period, prevalence of severe pyoderma fell from 30% to 15% in community A and from 48% to 0% in community B. Prevalence of perforations of the tympanic membrane fell from 32% in both communities to 13% in community A and 18% in community B. School attendance improved in community A.Swimming pools in remote communities were associated with reduction in prevalence of pyoderma and tympanic membrane perforations, which could result in long term benefits through reduction in chronic disease burden and improved educational and social outcomes.
Toll-like receptor 2 is highly expressed in lesions of acne inversa and colocalizes with C-type lectin receptor
Authors: R.E. Hunger, A.M. Surovy, A.S. Hassan, L.R. Braathen, N. Yawalkar
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Toll‐like receptor 2 is highly expressed in lesions of acne inversa and colocalizes with C‐type lectin receptor Get access R.E. Hunger, R.E. Hunger Department of Dermatology, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland *Present address: Department of Dermatology, Cairo University, 11559‐Cairo, Egypt Correspondence: Robert E. Hunger. E‐mail: robert.hunger@insel.ch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Surovy, A.M. Surovy Department of Dermatology, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland *Present address: Department of Dermatology, Cairo University, 11559‐Cairo, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.S. Hassan, A.S. Hassan Department of Dermatology, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland *Present address: Department of Dermatology, Cairo University, 11559‐Cairo, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.R. Braathen, L.R. Braathen Department of Dermatology, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland *Present address: Department of Dermatology, Cairo University, 11559‐Cairo, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Yawalkar N. Yawalkar Department of Dermatology, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland *Present address: Department of Dermatology, Cairo University, 11559‐Cairo, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 4, 1 April 2008, Pages 691–697, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08425.x Published: 01 April 2008
Information systems for general practitioners for quality assessment: I. Responses of the doctors.
Authors: R C Fraser, J T Gosling
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A questionnaire was sent to all general practitioner principals in Leicestershire and Lincolnshire (n = 669) to determine (a) the extent to which they would participate in quality assessment activities based on objective evidence of performance and (b) the personal and professional characteristics of interested doctors. The overall response rate to the questionnaire was 76% (508 replies). The highest response rates were recorded by trainers (100%), principals in training practices (94%), and younger doctors (80-86%), the lowest by overseas graduates (59%) and older doctors (65%). Distinctive patterns of interest and participation in three types of audit activities were clearly evident. Overall, 61% (310) of respondents wished to be provided with profiles of practice activity from their family practitioner committees, 36% (183) volunteered to participate in a prescribing study, and 34% (172) expressed interest in carrying out an audit in depth. Proportionately, the most enthusiastic and active groups were trainers 88%, 70%, 62%), principals in training practices (74%, 49%, 47%), and members or fellows of the Royal College of General Practitioners (71%, 50%, 45%). Also active were younger doctors, vocationally trained doctors, and principals in large group practices. These figures suggest that roughly 15 000 general practitioners in the United Kingdom would be prepared to participate in performance review activities using information provided by external agencies, 10 000 would if they had to generate some of the information, and 7500 would if they had to produce all the information themselves.
Posttransfusion purpura: Therapeutic failure of Pl<sup>Al</sup>‐negative platelet transfusion
Authors: James B. Gerstner, Martin J. Smith, Kent D. Davis, Philip L. Cimo, Richard H. Aster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract The effect of platelet type‐specific transfusion in posttranfusion purpura is reported. Seven days after receiving 4 units of whole blood during total hip replacement a 69‐year‐old woman developed fulminant thrombocytopenic purpura. Her undiluted serum inhibited the clot retraction of Pl Al ‐positive, but not Pl Al ‐negative blood. Anti‐Pl Al titer of her serum, determined by 51 Cr platelet lysis technique, was 1:64. The serum had no lytic activity against platelet‐rich plasma from two Pl Al ‐negative donors. No anti‐HLA antibody was detectable in the serum by lymphocytotoxicity technique, and serum obtained prior to transfusions had no platelet lytic activity. Four units of Pl Al ‐negative platelet concentrate were administered, the first instance in which this treatment has been used. No rise in platelet count ensued, and the patient succumbed to purpura. Exchange transfusion or plasmapheresis remain the treatments of choice.
Proenkephalin and Prognosis After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Leong L. Ng, Jatinderpal K. Sandhu, Hafid Narayan, Paulene A. Quinn, Iain B. Squire, Joan E. Davies, Andreas Bergmann, Alan Maisel, Donald J.L. Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE TRANSMISSION OF NEUROTROPIC YELLOW FEVER VIRUS BY STEGOMYIA MOSQUITOES
Authors: Nelson C. Davis, Wray Lloyd, Martin Frobisher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. By the bites of stegomyia mosquitoes carrying neurotropic yellow fever virus, encephalitis has been produced both in white mice and in rhesus monkeys. 2. The fixed neurotropic strain of virus cannot be maintained in the mosquito host as well as can the viscerotropic strains. This is doubtless attributable in part to a smaller amount of virus ingested, because of paucity in the blood stream of the mammalian host. 3. These experiments furnish additional evidence that the long established neurotropic yellow fever virus has changed fundamentally from the parent French strain.
Flooding worsens in Sudan
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Health and humanitarian agencies are bracing themselves for further deterioration in conditions throughout Sudan after record levels of rainfall threaten to affect millions more people.

More than 100 people have already died, and hundreds of thousands of people have been displaced by “the worst flooding in a generation,” according to the Sudanese news agency. With even heavier rainfall forecast throughout Darfur and central Sudan and Chad, relief officials are concerned that worse is yet to come and fear serious disruption to aid corridors and protection of civilians.

The World Health Organization warned, “The Nile and Blue Nile rivers are reaching alert level. Flash floods are expected to affect North, South, and West Darfur, …
Observing metabolic functions at the genome scale
Authors: Jean-Marc Schwartz, Claire Gaugain, Jose C Nacher, Antoine de Daruvar, Minoru Kanehisa
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract Background High-throughput techniques have multiplied the amount and the types of available biological data, and for the first time achieving a global comprehension of the physiology of biological cells has become an achievable goal. This aim requires the integration of large amounts of heterogeneous data at different scales. It is notably necessary to extend the traditional focus on genomic data towards a truly functional focus, where the activity of cells is described in terms of actual metabolic processes performing the functions necessary for cells to live. Results In this work, we present a new approach for metabolic analysis that allows us to observe the transcriptional activity of metabolic functions at the genome scale. These functions are described in terms of elementary modes, which can be computed in a genome-scale model thanks to a modular approach. We exemplify this new perspective by presenting a detailed analysis of the transcriptional metabolic response of yeast cells to stress. The integration of elementary mode analysis with gene expression data allows us to identify a number of functionally induced or repressed metabolic processes in different stress conditions. The assembly of these elementary modes leads to the identification of specific metabolic backbones. Conclusion This study opens a new framework for the cell-scale analysis of metabolism, where transcriptional activity can be analyzed in terms of whole processes instead of individual genes. We furthermore show that the set of active elementary modes exhibits a highly uneven organization, where most of them conduct specialized tasks while a smaller proportion performs multi-task functions and dominates the general stress response.
Abstract 5435: Tolcapone inhibits catechol-<i>O</i>-methyl transferase-mediated methylation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Sarah C. Forester, Joshua D. Lambert
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Green tea polyphenols (GTP) have been shown to exert anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Studies suggest that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is largely responsible for these anti-cancer effects. EGCG reduces lung cancer cell viability in vitro and reduces tumor incidence, multiplicity, and size in vivo. EGCG, however, is rapidly methylated by catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), a transformation that may limit its effectiveness in lung cancer prevention. The nitrocatechol drug tolcapone is a potent inhibitor of COMT and is used to mitigate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we examined the effect of tolcapone on the bioavailability of EGCG in male CF-1 mice. Plasma and tissue levels of EGCG and its major methyl metabolites in mice (n = 6) were determined by LC-MS following oral administration of EGCG (100 mg/kg b.w.), tolcapone (30 mg/kg b.w.), or the combination (100 mg/kg b.w. + 30 mg/kg b.w., respectively). In mice treated with EGCG for 720 min, plasma EGCG accounted for 34.6 % of the total (EGCG + methylated metabolites), whereas in mice treated with EGCG plus tolcapone this increased to 65.7 %. In urine, EGCG accounted for 9.4 % of the total, whereas in mice treated with EGCG plus tolcapone this increased to 100 % (metabolites not detected). Similar effects were observed in the organ samples. For example, tolcapone extensively inhibited COMT- mediated methylation of EGCG in the lungs of mice. In conclusion, tolcapone effectively increased the bioavailability of unmethylated EGCG in vivo. The combination, may therefore increase the cancer preventive effects of EGCG. Future work will test the effect of tolcapone on the bioavailability of other GTP, and also determine the effect of tolcapone/GTP combination in animal models of cancer. Funded by NIH grant AT004678. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5435. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5435
P3-085: Impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway alterations on the outcome of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) treated with first-line chemotherapy (CHT).
Authors: Alain Gelibter, Fiamma Buttittar, Carmen Nuzzo, Paolo Visca, Fabiana L. Cecere, Federica Cuppone, Isabella Sperduti, Michele Milella, Anna Ceribelli, Francesco Cognetti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
SULFADIAZINE IN LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM OPHTHALMITIS
Authors: John W. Oliphant
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Infection of the eye by the virus of lymphogranuloma venereum is an unusual condition, as judged by reports in the literature. Four reports of cases are reviewed by Curth and his associates,<sup>1</sup>who add 1 case which was first presented by Hopkins;<sup>2</sup>this was a case of chronic involvement, with loss of vision, which was cured by the administration of sulfanilamide. In this paper a case of acute involvement is presented in which treatment by administration of sulfadiazine was successful, with no sequelae. B., a man aged 40, a laboratory worker previously in good health and with no history of lymphogranuloma venereum, first noticed an irritation of the left eye about March 7, 1941. The complaints were a feeling of "sand under the lids" and watering of the eye. There was moderate injection of the conjunctival vessels. The condition was regarded as a simple conjunctivitis and was treated
Oral Contraceptives and Birth Defects
Authors: Kenneth J. Rothman, Carol Louik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

We reviewed the birth certificates and hospital records of 7723 infants whose mothers had reported using oral contraceptives. The overall frequency of malformation was 4.3 per cent for infants whose mothers terminated use of oral contraceptives shortly before conception, as compared with 3.3 per cent for infants whose mothers did not take oral contraceptives during the three years before conception. The 90 per cent confidence limits for the prevalence ratio were 1.0 and 1.7. No difference was apparent for major malformations. For specific malformations the most notable difference was for undescended testis, but this excess, like the overall excess, could be explained by sampling variability. Despite the slightly greater rate of minor malformations in the short-interval group, a reasonable interpretation of these data would be that oral contraceptives present no major teratogenic hazard. (N Engl J Med 299:522–524, 1978)
A randomized pilot trial evaluating safety and immunogenicity of recMAGE-A3 + AS15 immunotherapeutic administered by intramuscular versus intradermal/subcutaneous routes
Authors: Craig L Slingluff, Gina R Petroni, Walter C Olson, Kimberly A Chianese-bullock, Kelly T Smith, Mark E Smolkin, Nadedja Galeassi, William Grosh, Geoffrey Weiss, Kristy Scott, Ana Hornillo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The recMAGE-A3 protein has been administered intramuscularly (IM) with immunostimulant AS15 as an experimental immunotherapeutic. AS15 contains 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), QS-21, CpG 7909 and liposome. This MAGE-A3/AS15 immunotherapeutic has not been studied for
NEW FORCEPS FOR THE CYSTIC DUCT
Authors: Moses Behrend
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In the removal of the gallbladder, the desirable thing is an operation in which no infected bile, if present, will have an opportunity to escape. It is often difficult with the old type of cystic duct forceps to place two side by side on a short duct. That plenty of room might be obtained when two pairs of forceps are placed adjacent to each other on a very short cystic duct, the new forceps represented in Figure 1 were made narrow on the lateral surfaces, while the dorsal and ventral surfaces were made wide enough to obtain strength and resilience. In the illustrations, a comparison may be made with the old forceps (Fig. 2), which were quite heavy as compared to the new type. Another feature of the new forceps is the bullet tip, which will help to prevent injury to the common duct.