tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aortico-Left Ventricular Tunnel
Authors: MORRIS J. LEVY, C. WALTON LILLEHEI, RAY C. ANDERSON, KURT AMPLATZ, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

To be distinguished from aneurysm of an aortic sinus (Valsalva) is the rare condition in which an abnormal channel begins in the ascending aorta (above the right coronary artery), bypasses the aortic valve, and leads through the ventricular septum into the left ventricular cavity. This entity, which has not previously been diagnosed during life, to our knowledge, is herein named aortico-left ventricular tunnel. The cases of three patients (aged 3, 5, and 10 years) with this rare condition are described. The clinical, electrocardiographic, and radiological features were similar in each case and resembled those in aortic valvular insufficiency. The diagnosis may be established clinically through selective aortography. This reveals that the origin of the abnormal communication lies in the anterior wall of the ascending aorta above the levels of the coronary arterial origins. The abnormal communication leads to the left ventricle. The condition is distinguished from aortic sinus aneurysm by its origin above the level of the aortic sinuses. Identical anatomical findings and the presence of abnormal physical findings since infancy in each of the three patients suggest that this peculiar condition is a congenital malformation.
Hepatic plasma flow estimated according to fick's principle in patients with hepatic encephalopathy: Evaluation of indocyanine green and d-sorbitol as test substances
Authors: Jens Otto Clemmesen, Niels Tygstrup, Peter Ott
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The magnitude of hepatic plasma flow in patients with liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is unknown because a reliable flow estimate has not been available. The purpose of this study was to estimate hepatic plasma flow in patients with HE and to evaluate indocyanine green (ICG) and sorbitol as test compounds. Fourteen patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and nine patients with chronic liver failure (CLF), all with HE grade II or more, were studied. After hepatic vein catheterization, hepatic plasma flow was estimated by use of constant infusion, simultaneous arterial and hepatic vein concentration measurements, and calculated according to Fick’s principle. The hepatic extraction fraction of d -sorbitol 0.179 ± 0.144 (mean ± SD) was higher than the hepatic extraction fraction of ICG 0.054 ± 0.085 ( P &lt; .001). The low hepatic extraction fraction of ICG rendered this compound unfit for estimation of hepatic plasma flow in these patients. In contrast, by using d -sorbitol the hepatic plasma flow could be estimated in 21 of 23 patients with a median SD of 8.4% (range, 2.6% to 29%). The d -sorbitol estimated hepatic plasma flow was 1.2 ± 0.5 L/min (n = 12) in patients with ALF and 1.4 ± 0.9 L/min (n = 9) in patients with CLF. These values are higher than what has been reported in normal subjects and in patients with cirrhosis without HE. An elevated hepatic flow should increase oxygen delivery and may enhance the failing liver’s ability to remove substances from the blood. At the same time, hepatic first pass metabolism is reduced. We conclude that an elevated hepatic flow in these patients is of clinical importance.
Transport of Protein-Bound Hormones into Tissues<i>in Vivo</i>*
Authors: WILLIAM M. PARDRIDGE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1981)

THE STEROID and thyroid hormones circulate in the plasma tightly bound by albumin and by specific plasma globulins (1, 2). Consequently, hormones exist in two states at equilibrium in vitro, i.e. free (dialyzable) and protein-bound. A widely held hypothesis in endocrinology is that the fraction of hormone that is free in vitro is equivalent to the fraction of hormone that is free and available for transport into tissues in vivo. Therefore, in vitro measurements of free hormones may be commonly used as reliable indices of the free hormone in vivo for a variety of clinical states. The purpose of this review is to advance the concept that the large protein-bound moiety of plasma hormone is available for transport into tissues. Consequently, the fraction of plasma hormone that is available for transport in vivo may deviate greatly from the free fraction in vitro. Under some conditions, changes in the free hormone fraction in vitro and in the fraction of plasma hormone that is available for transport in vivo will be proportional.
Effect of a training programme to reduce stress in carers of patients with dementia.
Authors: H. Brodaty, M. Gresham
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To reduce the psychological stress and improve the skills in coping of people who care for relatives with dementia. DESIGN--Assessment and suitability of carers by questionnaire; assessment of patients and carers in a hospital outpatient clinic; allocation to groups according to date of application to study. Linkage of groups of four carers and programme coordinator by telephone conference calls over 12 months after programmes. Reassessment at three, six, 12, and, for those in the "wait list" group, 18 months. SETTING--The programmes were conducted in the psychiatry unit of a Sydney teaching hospital. SUBJECTS--Eligible patients were less than 80 years old, had mild to moderate dementia, and lived at home with their carer. Of the 96 patient-carer pairs in the study, 33 were in the dementia carers9 programme group, 31 were in the memory retraining group, and 32 were in the wait list group. INTERVENTIONS--Carers in the dementia carers9 programme received training in coping with the difficulties of looking after patients with dementia while the patients had sessions in subjects such as memory retraining. In the memory retraining programme patients were admitted and received the patient component of the carers9 programme while their carers had 10 days9 respite. In the wait list group carers waited six months before undertaking the carers9 programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Effect of the programmes on carers9 general health questionnaire scores and the rate of placement of patients in institutions. RESULTS--At 12 months9 follow up the carers9 programme had resulted in significantly lower psychological stress among carers than the memory retraining programme (mean (SD) general health questionnaire scores at 0 months were 6.31 (6.23) and 3.60 (6.25) respectively, and at 12 months were 4.69 (5.58) and 7.40 (9.39); p less than 0.05.) In the wait list group distress scores remained stable, even after the carers and patients had undertaken the carers9 programme. Patients deteriorated over 12 months regardless of group allocation, but at 30 months, allowing for patients who died and could not be included in the analysis, 65% of patients in the carers9 programme group were still living at home compared with 26% in the memory retraining programme group. CONCLUSION--The intensive intervention programme described for carers of patients with dementia can reduce the psychological morbidity of the carer and delay the placement of the patient in an institution without increasing the use of health services by either patient or carer.
Elevated expression of the Th17 cytokine interleukin 22 in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M Schramm, J Leipe, H Schulze-Koops, A Skapenko
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background and Objectives Interleukin 22 (IL22) is a pleiotropic cytokine with proinfl ammatory properties.It is primarily expressed by T helper 17 (Th17) cells and has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis, a murine model of autoimmune polyarthritis.The authors were able to demonstrate a pathogenetically dominant role of Th17 cells and their signature cytokine IL17 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Since the role of IL22 and its on July 22,
Expression of tenascin-C in aseptic loosening of total hip replacement
Authors: Y. T Konttinen, T.-F. Li, O. Michelsson, J.-W. Xu, T. Sorsa, S. Santavirta, S. Imai, I. Virtanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To assess if the bonding interlayer between the implant and bone in aseptic loosening of total hip replacement (THR) is qualitatively deteriorated by excessive accumulation of anti-adhesive glycoprotein, tenascin-C. <h3>METHODS</h3> Alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method was used for immunohistochemical staining of tenascin-C in interface tissue and control synovial tissue. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Tenascin-C was found to be a major component of the extracellular matrix at a hitherto unrecognised site, namely the synovial membrane-like interface tissue between implant and bone in aseptic loosening of THR. The overall tenascin-C staining (median score 4.0) was greatly increased in aseptic loosening compared with synovial membrane (median score 2.0; p&lt;0.001) and fibrous capsule (median score 2.0; p&lt;0.001) from primary THR operations. Topological analysis disclosed that tenascin-C was also found at the critical implant-interface and interface-bone surfaces. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Local tenascin-C expression is increased as a result of a chronic foreign body type reaction associated with excessive cytokine production and tissue injury mediated by microtrauma and neutral endoproteinases. This qualitative and topological deterioration of the bonding interlayer by an increase of anti-adhesive tenascin-C expression may inadvertantly contribute to loosening.
Resampling Phase III Data to Assess Phase II Trial Designs and Endpoints
Authors: Manish R. Sharma, Theodore G. Karrison, Yuyan Jin, Robert R. Bies, Michael L. Maitland, Walter M. Stadler, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

The best phase II design and endpoint for growth inhibitory agents is controversial. We simulated phase II trials by resampling patients from a positive (sorafenib vs. placebo; TARGET) and a negative (AE941 vs. placebo) phase III trial in metastatic renal cancer to compare the ability of various designs and endpoints to predict the known results.A total of 770 and 259 patients from TARGET and the AE 941 trial, respectively, were resampled (5,000 replicates) to simulate phase II trials with α = 0.10 (one-sided). Designs/endpoints: single arm, two-stage with response rate (RR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST; 37 patients); and randomized, two arm (20-35 patients per arm) with RR by RECIST, mean log ratio of tumor sizes (log ratio), progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 90 days (PFS-90), and overall PFS.Single-arm trials were positive with RR by RECIST in 55% and 1% of replications for sorafenib and AE 941, respectively. Randomized trials versus placebo with 20 patients per arm were positive with RR by RECIST in 55% and 7%, log ratio in 88% and 25%, PFS-90 in 64% and 15%, and overall PFS in 69% and 9% of replications for sorafenib and AE 941, respectively.Compared with the single-arm design and the randomized design comparing PFS, the randomized phase II design with the log ratio endpoint has greater power to predict the positive phase III result of sorafenib in renal cancer, but a higher false positive rate for the negative phase III result of AE 941.
HTLV-III INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH GLANDULAR-FEVER-LIKE ILLNESS IN A HAEMOPHILIAC
Authors: J. Tucker, C.A. Ludlam, A. Craig, I. Philp, C.M. Steel, R.S. Tedder, R. Cheingsong-Popov, M.F. Macnicol, D.B.L. Mcclelland, F.E. Boulton
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Enhancement of rabbit protein S anticoagulant cofactor activity in vivo by modulation of the protein S C4B binding protein interaction.
Authors: R E Weinstein, F J Walker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The carboxy-terminal region of protein S has been recently been observed to be involved in the interaction between protein S and C4b-binding protein (Walker, F. J. 1989. J. Biol. Chem. 264:17645-17658). A synthetic peptide, GVQLDLDEAI, corresponding to that region of protein S has been used to investigate the protein S/C4b-binding protein interaction in vitro and in vivo. Rabbit activated protein C possesses species-specific anticoagulant activity for which rabbit protein S functions as a cofactor. In plasma, rabbit protein S is found in complex with C4b-binding protein. GVQLDLDEAI can inhibit this interaction, resulting in enhancement of the anticoagulant activity of rabbit activated protein C. The effect of the peptide can be blocked by the concurrent addition of human or rabbit C4b-binding protein. When infused into rabbits, GVQLDLDEAI was cleared from the circulation with a half-life of 80 min. This is significantly less rapid than the clearance of similarly sized control peptides (half-life of 15 min), but much more than that of bovine protein S, a much larger protein (half-life of 15 h). Plasma samples removed from the rabbits after infusion with GVQLDLDEAI were found to have increased concentrations of free protein S and to show enhanced anticoagulation by rabbit activated protein C ex vivo in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration for half-maximal effect (5 microM) was very similar to that observed in vitro. These results suggest that the formation of a complex between protein S and C4b-binding protein is important in the regulation of protein S activity in vivo, and that modulation of this interaction allows one to influence the anticoagulant activity of the protein C pathway.
Fat embolism syndrome associated with asthma and sickle cell‐β<sup>+</sup>‐thalassemia
Authors: K. Johnson, J. F. Stastny, D. L. Rucknagel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

A 25-year-old African-American man with sickle cell-beta(+)-thalassemia presented with acute asthma of 2 days' duration. The asthma was well controlled by 48 hr, and parenteral medications were changed to oral bronchodilators and steroids. Sixty hours after presentation, he developed pain similar to that of sickle cell vaso-occlusion, for which he received small amounts of analgesics. He died approximately 84 hours after presentation. Autopsy showed extensive marrow necrosis and massive fat embolism. This is the first reported case of fat embolism syndrome associated with this genotype, the mildest of the clinically significant sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. The relationship between these etiologic factors and indications for transfusions are discussed.
Endocrine Society Seeks Better Testing to Determine Endocrine Disruptor Health Risks
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The midwife, the coincidence, and the hypothesis
Authors: D. Barker
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Background: The finger range of motion (ROM) was evaluated in patients with hand flexor tendon replacement using a tendon graft and the effect of smoking was investigated. The first hypothesis was: a tendon graft increases the post-operative ROM. The second hypothesis was: smoking has a negative effect on the final finger ROM. Patients and Methods: Fifty seven autologous tendon grafts in 48 patients were included. The patients were grouped as non-smokers or smokers ("light" or "heavy"). The modified Strickland system and Total Active Motion (TAM) system, were chosen for the evaluation. Results: The first hypothesis was proved by all the measurements. The post-operative status assessed by the Strickland method was different between the non-smokers and smokers with a better score in the smokers. Conclusion: A significant ROM improvement occurs after reconstruction and is even slightly better in smokers than in non-smokers.
K-RasG12D–induced T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemias harbor Notch1 mutations and are sensitive to γ-secretase inhibitors
Authors: Thomas Kindler, Melanie G. Cornejo, Claudia Scholl, Jianing Liu, Dena S. Leeman, J. Erika Haydu, Stefan Fröhling, Benjamin H. Lee, D. Gary Gilliland
Journal: Blood (2008)
1047-180 Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, but not high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as predictors of acute coronary syndrome in northern area of Japan: A case-control study
Authors: Ichiro Sakuma, Noriaki Kishimoto, Naotsugu Oyama, Yasuaki Saijo, Satoshi Nawate, Takamitsu Souma, Kazuhiko Nagai, Kazushi Urasawa, Reiko Kishi, Akira Kitabatake
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Macular Amyloidosis Cutis
Authors: J. Revuz, J. Poirier, R. Touraine
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article Macular Amyloidosis Cutis Get access J. Revuz, J. Revuz Service de Dermatologie et Laboratoire d'Histologie C.H.U. Henri Mondor, Université Paris XII 94 Creteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Poirier, J. Poirier Service de Dermatologie et Laboratoire d'Histologie C.H.U. Henri Mondor, Université Paris XII 94 Creteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Touraine R. Touraine Service de Dermatologie et Laboratoire d'Histologie C.H.U. Henri Mondor, Université Paris XII 94 Creteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 2, 1 February 1972, Pages 202–203, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb16089.x Published: 01 February 1972
Low-bandgap biophotonic nanoblend: A platform for systemic disease targeting and functional imaging
Authors: Young Hun Seo, Min Ju Cho, Oug Jae Cheong, Woo-Dong Jang, Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy, Sangyoup Lee, Dong Hoon Choi, Paras N. Prasad, Sehoon Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Does Quality Influence Choice of Hospital?
Authors: Harold S. Luft
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In recent years, much information has been provided to the public and to physicians about hospital quality measured in terms of patient outcomes. To examine if, before these public data releases, quality influenced the attractiveness of a hospital to referring or admitting physicians and to patients, we estimated the influences of quality, charges, ownership, and distance on the choice of hospitals for patients with seven surgical procedures and five medical diagnoses in hospitals in three geographic areas in California in 1983. Greater distance and public or proprietary ownership consistently reduced the likelihood of selection while medical school affiliation increased the likelihood of selection. For five of seven surgical procedures and two of five medical diagnoses, hospitals with poorer than expected outcomes attracted significantly fewer admissions. The reverse held for two surgical procedures and one medical diagnosis. The results suggest that quality played an important role in choices among hospitals even before explicit data were widely available.
Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
Authors: A Goldhirsch, R D Gelber, M Castiglione
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Adjuvant systemic therapy has been shown to reduce relapses in treated women and to prolong their survival. This is true for all studied subpopulations. Multidrug chemotherapy for the duration of 6 months for the premenopausal patients, and tamoxifen or short-term chemotherapy with long-term tamoxifen for the postmenopausal patients represent the treatments of choice to reduce the risk of relapse. Some of the high priority questions relate to i) the definition of a population for which the risk of relapse is low enough to avoid the use of systemic adjuvant therapy, and ii) the definition of an optimal way of using available adjuvant therapies. These might find answers from ongoing research. The modest but real improvement of the prognosis in operable breast cancer was exclusively obtained only by means of clinical trials, and it is mandatory that participation in programs of clinical research becomes medically and socially the treatment of choice.
Donated drugs boost protection against neglected tropical diseases
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An increase in the number of donated drugs has enabled more people to be protected against neglected tropical diseases, the World Health Organization has said.

Its second report on neglected tropical diseases says that funding and the donation of drugs have helped to speed up actions and initiatives that have “a measurable impact in affected countries with considerable scale-up of preventive chemotherapy interventions.”1

The report lists all the drug donations, including an unlimited supply of …
A two-stage poly(ethylenimine)-mediated cytotoxicity: implications for gene transfer/therapy
Authors: S. Moein Moghimi, Peter Symonds, J. Clifford Murray, A. Christy Hunter, Grazyna Debska, Adam Szewczyk
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) is a cationic macromolecule commonly used in gene transfer/therapy protocols with high transfection efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. PEI is also cytotoxic, but the molecular basis of its cytotoxicity is poorly understood. Here, we have demonstrated that branched (25 kDa) and linear (750 kDa) PEI can both induce membrane damage and initiate apoptosis in three clinically relevant human cell lines (Jurkat T cells, umbilical vein endothelial cells, and THLE3 hepatocyte-like cells). We have defined Phase I toxicity as early necrotic-like changes (30 min) resulting from compromised membrane integrity, assessed by considerable lactate dehydrogenase release and phosphatidylserine translocation from the inner plasma membrane to the outer cell surface. Phase II cytotoxicity (24 h) was due to activation of a "mitochondrially mediated apoptotic program," resulting from PEI-induced channel formation in the outer mitochondrial membrane. This led to the release of proapoptotic cytochrome c, subsequent activation of caspase 3, and alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential as a result of caspase translocation into the mitochondria. The reported observations have important implications for the design and execution of gene therapy protocols as well for controlling intracellular distribution of drugs with cationic-based polymer-delivery systems.