tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Institutional Ethics Committees
Authors: MURRAY PIZETTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1987Institutional Ethics CommitteesMURRAY PIZETTE, M.D.MURRAY PIZETTE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-601_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Uhlmann and associates (1) addresses the ethical dimensions of medical decision making in nursing homes in a useful and thoughtful manner. However, the authors' willingness to appoint institutional ethics committees as surrogates for intellectually impaired patients raises concerns. Such committees, through their bioethical expertise, can assist medical caregivers and patients' surrogates in the resolution of uncertainties and conflicts that arise during the care of incompetent patients.Nevertheless, an institutional ethics committee may find itself torn between concerns for a specific patient's interests, the interests of the institution itself, and the interests of other patients...References1. UHLMANNCLARKPEARLMANDOWNSADDISIONHAINING RHRJJR. Medical management decisions in nursing home patients: principles and policy recommendations. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:879-85. LinkGoogle Scholar1. LYNN J. Elderly residents of long-term care facilities. In: LYNN J, ed. By No Extraordinary Means: The Choice to Forgo Life-Sustaining Food and Water. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; 1986:169-71. Google Scholar2. UHLMANNCLARKPEARLMANDOWNSADDISONHAINING RHRJJR. Medical management decisions in nursing home patients: principles and policy recommendations. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:879-85. LinkGoogle Scholar3. . Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment: Ethical, Medical, and Legal Issues in Treatment Decisions. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office; 1983. Google Scholar4. YOUNGNERJACKSONCOULTONJUKNIALISSMITH SDCBE. A national survey of hospital ethics committees. Crit Care Med. 1983;11:902-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LO B. Behind closed doors: Promises and pitfalls of ethics committees. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:46-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Parkland Memorial Hospital Dallas, TX 75218 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1987Volume 107, Issue 4Page: 601-602KeywordsCaregiversDecision makingNursing homesPatients Issue Published: 1 October 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ribosome Biogenesis and Control of Cell Proliferation: p53 Is Not Alone
Authors: Giulio Donati, Lorenzo Montanaro, Massimo Derenzini
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cell growth is a prerequisite for cell proliferation, and ribosome biogenesis is a limiting factor for cell growth. In mammalian cells, the tumor suppressor p53 has been shown to induce cell-cycle arrest in response to impaired ribosome biogenesis. Recently, p53-independent mechanisms of cell-cycle arrest in response to alterations of ribosome biogenesis have been described. These findings provide a rational basis for the use of drugs that specifically impact ribosome biogenesis for the treatment of cancers lacking active p53 and extend the scenario of mechanisms involved in the relationship between cell growth and cell proliferation. Cancer Res; 72(7); 1602–7. ©2012 AACR.
Transactivation of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) gene by human T lymphotropic virus type 1 tax: a potential mechanism for the increased production of TGF-beta 1 in adult T cell leukemia.
Authors: S J Kim, J H Kehrl, J Burton, C L Tendler, K T Jeang, D Danielpour, C Thevenin, K Y Kim, M B Sporn, A B Roberts
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We examined the effect of the human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) Tax gene product on the human transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) promoter. Transfection of deleted constructs of the TGF-beta 1 promoter revealed regions homologous with AP-1 binding sites that were required for Tax-induced transactivation of the TGF-beta 1 promoter. In addition, we examined the expression and secretion of TGF-beta in fresh leukemic cells isolated from patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and in HTLV-1-infected T cell lines. We report that fresh leukemic cells from ATL patients constitutively produce high levels of TGF-beta 1 mRNA and secrete TGF-beta 1 but not TGF-beta 2 into the culture medium. In addition, long-term ATL cell lines expressed significant amounts of TGF-beta 1 mRNA as well as detectable levels of TGF-beta 1 protein. These results suggest a role for Tax in the upregulation of TGF-beta 1 in HTLV-I-infected cells.
Respiratory Variations in Blood Pressure
Authors: A. C. DORNHORST, P. HOWARD, G. L. LEATHART
Journal: Circulation (1952)

A study of respiratory blood pressure variations in normal subjects suggests that variations in both cardiac output and peripheral resistance are involved, the latter mechanism being essentially similar to that producing the Traube waves in apnea. The interactions of the two mechanisms are compared to the known behavior of coupled electronic oscillators.
Growth, Health and Fitness of Teenagers. Longitudinal Research in International Perspective
Authors: J. E. Kane
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Fit Lt W M Williamson, RAF School of PT, RAF Cosford Recently, exercise machines have been developed that incorporate hydraulic cylinders to provide both variable speed and variable resistance.To evaluate this form of equipment a comparative study with weight stacks (Universal), cam-machines (Nautilus), and the Hydra equipment plus a control group doing their normal recreational programme, involving 56
Try To See It My Way
Authors: Aimée Grunberger
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transdifferentiation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to dendritic-like cells at the site of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for activation by T cells
Authors: C Iking-Konert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To investigate infiltrated cells in the synovial fluid (SF) of inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with special reference to polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and their interaction with T cells.Expression on PMN of activation associated receptors CD14, CD64, CD83, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II was examined in the SF of 15 patients with RA, as were the infiltrated T cells. SF cytokines were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To mimic the in vivo situation, co-culture experiments were carried out using PMN and T cells of healthy donors.The SF contained activated T lymphocytes and abundant PMN. SF PMN expression of CD14 and CD64 was enhanced compared with peripheral blood. Of special interest was the observation that only the SF PMN expressed MHC class II antigens and CD83. Exposure to SF, which contained considerable amounts of cytokines (for example, interferon gamma (IFNgamma), tumour necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2), induced a similar receptor pattern on blood derived PMN of healthy donors. Furthermore, PMN acquired MHC class II and CD83 within 24 to 48 hours, when co-cultured with autologous T cells or T cell lines. This effect was also achieved by T cell supernatants, was dependent on protein synthesis, and could be inhibited by antibodies against IFNgamma.SF PMN from patients with RA undergo major alterations, including transdifferentiation to cells with dendritic-like characteristics, probably induced by T cell derived cytokines. Because MHC class II positive PMN are known to activate T cells, the mutual activation of PMN and T cells might contribute to the perpetuation of the local inflammatory process, and eventually to the destructive process in RA.
Nonlinear Fitness Consequences of Variation in Expression Level of a Eukaryotic Gene
Authors: J. S. Rest, C. M. Morales, J. B. Waldron, D. A. Opulente, J. Fisher, S. Moon, K. Bullaughey, L. B. Carey, D. Dedousis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Levels of gene expression show considerable variation in eukaryotes, but no fine-scale maps have been made of the fitness consequences of such variation in controlled genetic backgrounds and environments. To address this, we assayed fitness at many levels of up- and down-regulated expression of a single essential gene, LCB2, involved in sphingolipid synthesis in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Reduced LCB2 expression rapidly decreases cellular fitness, yet increased expression has little effect. The wild-type expression level is therefore perched on the edge of a nonlinear fitness cliff. LCB2 is upregulated when cells are exposed to osmotic stress; consistent with this, the entire fitness curve is shifted upward to higher expression under osmotic stress, illustrating the selective force behind gene regulation. Expression levels of LCB2 are lower in wild yeast strains than in the experimental lab strain, suggesting that higher levels in the lab strain may be idiosyncratic. Reports indicate that the effect sizes of alleles contributing to variation in complex phenotypes differ among environments and genetic backgrounds; our results suggest that such differences may be explained as simple shifts in the position of nonlinear fitness curves.
Purchase of Mount Vernon
Authors: Charles C. Wall
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Our attention has been called to a statement inThe Journal, Feb. 11, under the caption, "Purchase of Mount Vernon." It is stated that Dr. Newell was instrumental in the Government's purchase of Mount Vernon for "agricultural purposes." This is a misleading statement, the error of which should be obvious to many of your readers, but which could be confusing to many others. The enclosed page from our official handbook contains a concise statement, identifying the Association and reporting its ownership status. The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association was founded in 1853 by Miss Ann Pamela Cunningham, of South Carolina, for the purpose of acquiring the home of George Washington and holding it in trust as a national shrine. Under the guidance of Miss Cunningham, Vice-Regents in each state of the Union enlisted support and raised funds for the purchase of Mount Vernon. In 1858 an agreement was
Handling the Threat of Fatal Coronary Disease
Authors: John J. Duggan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The threat of preventable sudden death in the first minutes and hours of myocardial infarction has led to the development of a number of systems of specialized transport for patients so afflicted (Table). They range downward in sophistication and cost from mobile, professionally attended coronary care units. Another approach, applicable to many Americans, is suggested by the following scheme. The location of the coronary care unit and the patient may be taken as fixed. The ambulance may be placed anywhere. <h3>CCU-Ambulance-Patient-Automobile</h3> On the average, the patient who has a private automobile and a driver immediately available to him can get to the hospital nearly as quickly as the ambulance can get to him. Unless the ambulance is specially and expensively equipped and manned, or fortuitously near, he achieves a distinct time advantage by being driven to the hospital. Perhaps the patient ought to stay still until the
Interleukin-10 and -12 Predict Chemotherapy-Associated Toxicity in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Matthias C. Schauer, Bernhard Holzmann, Matthias Peiper, Helmut Friess, Wolfram Trudo Knoefel, Joerg Theisen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Clinical Urography: An Atlas and Textbook of Urological Imaging
Authors: Ronald D. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This book is a welcome addition to the current radiology literature. It offers extensive coverage of modern urological radiology, a subject that until now has had only limited and incomplete reference texts. <i>Clinical Urography</i>is a three-volume set with 197 contributors. A large number are members of the Society of Uroradiology and are recognized authorities in their specialty areas. In addition, the editor has indicated that the entire work of over 3000 pages was reviewed by six prominent urologists to ensure that the content was clinically relevant and accurate. The three volumes are divided into eight distinct parts, each of which covers a major category of related subjects. Each major area is then subdivided into sections on a specific topic. Most of these sections contain an in-depth review of the subject material, and some even include descriptions of the embryology and anatomy as preliminary to understanding how and why a
Discussion Sections in Reports of Controlled Trials Published in General Medical Journals
Authors: Michael Clarke, Iain Chalmers
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Several journals have adopted the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommendations to make assessment of the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) easier. One of these recommendations is that the trial's results be discussed in light of the totality of the available evidence.Objective.—To assess the extent to which reports of RCTs published in 5 general medical journals have discussed new results in light of all available evidence.Design.—Assessment of the discussion sections in all 26 reports of RCTs published during May 1997 in Annals of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, and The New England Journal of Medicine.Main Outcome Measure.—The inclusion or mention of a systematic review in the discussion section of each article.Results.—In only 2 articles were the RCT's results discussed in the context of an updated systematic review of earlier trials. In a further 4 articles, references were made to relevant systematic reviews, but no attempts were made to integrate the results of the new trials in updated versions of these reviews. One article was probably the first published trial to address the question studied. The remaining 19 articles included no evidence that any systematic attempt had been made to set the reported trial's results in the context of previous trials.Conclusion.—There is little evidence that journals have adequately implemented the CONSORT recommendation that results of an RCT be discussed in light of the totality of the available evidence.
Letter: E.B. virus and treatment of lymphomas.
Authors: G De-The, A Geser, E H Williams
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Care and caring are by very nature personal.The entire concept of general practice, family medicine, primary care, call it what you will, in Britain is the continuing care of the patient as a whole.Once the patient is fragmented among a team of so- called experts personal responsibility and care lose their meaning.The recent publication by the Office of Health Economics2 must have either amused or exasperated general practitioners by its "academic" analysis of primary medical care with little reference to real life.Pray come down from the clouds and look at life as it is, not as it is assumed to be by whatever board or committee, however eminent the chairman be in his own field.-Iam, etc.,
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin as postremission treatment in AML at 60 years of age or more: results of a multicenter phase 3 study
Authors: Bob Löwenberg, Joachim Beck, Carlos Graux, Wim van Putten, Harry C. Schouten, Leo F. Verdonck, Augustin Ferrant, Pieter Sonneveld, Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic, Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal, Bart J. Biemond, Edo Vellenga, Dimitri Breems, Hilde de Muijnck, Ron Schaafsma, Gregor Verhoef, Hartmut Döhner, Alois Gratwohl, Thomas Pabst, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Johan Maertens
Journal: Blood (2010)
Skeletal Muscle Capillaries in Diabetics
Authors: RUDOLF VRACKO
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Capillary sizes, the amounts of endothelium, pericytes, basal lamina (BL), and lumina were measured with planimeter on electron micrographs of 20 capillary cross sections from each of 40 skeletal muscle specimens obtained from any of eight specific body sites of 20 diabetics. While the capillaries in the distal abdomen and the proximal thigh do not have thickened BL, those in the muscles of mid-abdomen, chest wall, hand, mid-thigh, mid-lower leg, and foot have significantly increased amounts of BL. The remaining parameters differ among body sites, generally following a pattern established earlier for the skeletal muscle capillaries of nondiabetics. Because of the focal and regional distribution of BL thickening and because it occurs also in nondiabetics, it is concluded that BL thickening is a common but not characteristic feature of diabetes mellitus. A possible mechanism which may lead to BL thickening is proposed and discussed.
Impact of Donor-to-Recipient Weight Ratio on Survival After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Nishant D. Patel, Eric S. Weiss, Lois U. Nwakanma, Stuart D. Russell, William A. Baumgartner, Ashish S. Shah, John V. Conte
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Generally accepted donor criteria for heart transplantation limit allografts from donors within approximately 20% to 30% of the recipient’s weight. We analyzed the impact of donor-to-recipient weight ratio on survival after heart transplantation. Methods and Results— Adult heart transplant recipients reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing from 1999 to 2007 were divided into 3 groups based on donor-to-recipient weight ratio: &lt;0.8, 0.8 to 1.2, and &gt;1.2. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to estimate survival. Propensity-adjusted Cox regression modeling was used to analyze predictors of mortality. A total of 15 284 heart transplant recipients were analyzed; 2078 had weight ratio of &lt;0.8, 9684 had 0.8 to 1.2, and 3522 had &gt;1.2. Kaplan-Meier survival was not statistically different between groups at 5 years ( P =0.26). Among patients with weight ratio &lt;0.8, 5-year survival was lower for recipients with high pulmonary vascular resistance (&gt;4 Woods units; P =0.02). Among recipients with high pulmonary vascular resistance, 5-year survival was similar for those with weight ratio 0.8 to 1.2 and &gt;1.2 ( P =0.44) . Furthermore, male recipients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance who received hearts from female donors had a significantly worse survival than males who received hearts from male donors ( P =0.01). Propensity-adjusted multivariable analysis demonstrated that weight ratio &lt;0.8 did not predict mortality (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.27; P =0.21). Five-year survival after propensity matching was not statistically different between those with weight ratio &lt;0.8 versus ≥0.8 ( P =0.37). Conclusions— Weight ratio did not predict mortality after heart transplantation. However, recipients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance who received undersized hearts had poor survival. Furthermore, in the setting of high pulmonary vascular resistance, male recipients who received hearts from female donors had worse survival than those who received hearts from male donors. Extending donor criteria to include undersized hearts in select recipients should be considered.
SANITATION IN STREET PAVEMENT.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

One of the most interesting problems of modern sanitation is found in the making and maintaining of the roadbed in the streets of all our larger cities. The dangers therefrom consist chiefly in the atmospheric contamination induced by the great variety of material which necessarily collects upon the roadway and is usually denominated as dust. This, when it is wet, is generally considered as mud, but is better stigmatized by the use of the English acceptation of the word "nasty." When dry, as dust, the atmospheric currents disseminate it in all directions. This the passers-by must often inhale and, by any means yet known, it can not be excluded from the neighboring houses. In great measure, dust is the bane of the housekeeper in urban surroundings. In character it is composite, consisting chiefly of the pulverized material from the surface of the roadbed, mixed with animal excreta, incident to ordinary
Lung Endothelial Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Permeability Response to Platelet-Activating Factor Is Mediated by Acid Sphingomyelinase and Transient Receptor Potential Classical 6
Authors: Rudi Samapati, Yang Yang, Jun Yin, Christof Stoerger, Christoph Arenz, Alexander Dietrich, Thomas Gudermann, Dieter Adam, Songwei Wu, Marc Freichel, Veit Flockerzi, Stefan Uhlig, Wolfgang M. Kuebler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) increases lung vascular permeability within minutes by activation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and a subsequent nitric oxide (NO)-inhibitable and Ca(2+)-dependent loss in barrier function.To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this response.In isolated perfused rat and mouse lungs, endothelial Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was quantified by real-time fluorescence imaging, and caveolae of endothelial cells were isolated and probed for Ca(2+) entry channels. Regulation of transient receptor potential classical (TRPC) 6-mediated currents in lung endothelial cells was assessed by patch clamp technique.PAF increased lung weight gain and endothelial [Ca(2+)](i). This response was abrogated by inhibitors of ASM or in ASM-deficient mice, and replicated by lung perfusion with exogenous ASM or C2-ceramide. PAF increased the caveolar abundance of TRPC6 channels, which was similarly blocked by ASM inhibition. PAF-induced increases in lung endothelial [Ca(2+)](i), vascular filtration coefficient, and edema formation were attenuated by the TRPC inhibitor SKF96365 and in TRPC6-deficient mice, whereas direct activation of TRPC6 replicated the [Ca(2+)](i) and edema response to PAF. The exogenous NO donor PapaNONOate or the cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate analog 8Br-cGMP blocked the endothelial [Ca(2+)](i) and permeability response to PAF, in that they directly blocked TRPC6 channels without interfering with their PAF-induced recruitment to caveolae.The present findings outline a new signaling cascade in the induction of PAF-induced lung edema, in that stimulation of ASM causes recruitment of TRPC6 channels to caveolae, thus allowing for Ca(2+) influx and subsequent increases in endothelial permeability that are amplified in the absence of endothelial NO synthesis.