tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critical oxygen delivery in patients with sepsis
Authors: D. L. Bredle
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Thanks to Dr Ronco and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>their patients, and their patients' families, we have a glimpse into the world of oxygen extraction in severely limited conditions that was previously available only in animal models. However, we wish to comment on the authors' reasoning that because critical oxygen delivery (Do<sub>2</sub>) was surprisingly low as these patients neared death, it may be generally inappropriate to increase Do<sub>2</sub>to high levels in an attempt to increase oxygen uptake (Vo<sub>2</sub>) and ultimately improve outcome in critically ill patients. First, these patients were considered beyond medical help; any direct application would closely fit only other "hopeless" patients. Normal body temperature of the end-stage septic shock patients illustrates that they were not representative of patients earlier in shock, perhaps the only period when therapeutic measures are effective. The authors only briefly mention this lack of generalizability. Second, the protocol
Non-symmetric subcutaneous lipomatosis associated with familial combined hyperlipidaemia
Authors: A. RUBINSTEIN, Y. GOOR, E. GAZIT, S. CABILI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

A family with familial combined hyperlipidaemia in which affected members had nonsymmetric subcutaneous lipomatosis (NSSCL) is described. Affected members had high serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. By contrast, family members without NSSCL had normal lipid levels. There was also a correlation between the degree of hyperlipidaemia and the amount of subcutaneous lipomas. The occurrence of hyperlipidaemia in family members with NSSCL suggests the existence of a genetic linkage between these two characteristics, but did not show any association with HLA haplotyping. To our knowledge this association between lipid abnormalities and NSSCL has not been previously reported.
Losartan and Severe Migraine
Authors: Saeed Ahmad
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Losartan potassium (Cozaar, Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, Pa), the first angiotensin II receptor antagonist, has had labeling approved as an oral treatment for hypertension by the US Food and Drug Administration. It has been marketed by the manufacturer since April 1995. A nonpeptide imidazole derivative, losartan blocks binding of angiotensin II to type I angiotensin II receptors in blood vessels and other tissues; therefore, it inhibits the renin-angiotensin system more selectively and more completely than angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. In clinical trials, losartan has been very effective for the treatment of hypertension. The manufacturer states that except for a low incidence of dizziness, losartan has caused no adverse effects at a significantly higher rate than those found with placebo. 1-5 However, I describe herein a patient who developed a severe classic migrainous headache while receiving losartan therapy.  Report of a Case.  —Losartan potassium (50 mg/d)
PMO-257 Cost-effectiveness and cost comparison of intravenous iron preparations in patients with IBD-associated iron deficiency anaemia based on the FERGImain trial
Authors: F S Gutzwiller, P R Blank, C Gasche, R Evstatiev, M Schwenkglenks, T D Szucs
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Anaemia is a costly complication of IBD and a common trigger of hospitalisation. The FERGImain trial, a multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled study, demonstrated that on-demand ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) reduced recurrence of anaemia in non-anaemic IBD patients, which received either FCM or placebo when ferritin-levels fell &lt;100 μg/l. Time to anaemia was assessed within 8 months. We present economic results for this trial and compare costs with those expected for the use of low molecular weight iron dextran (ID) from the perspective of the UK National Health Service. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were analysed when at least one haemoglobin value at baseline and a subsequent value was available (204 randomised and treated (105 FCM, 99 placebo)). Trial-based information on medical resource use was combined with UK prices for drugs, wages and materials. Starting from the single administered dose of FCM (500 mg within 15 min) a comparative cost-analysis was performed against ID (500 mg within 4 h). Incremental costs per avoided anaemia case were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> Time to recurrence of anaemia in patients treated for low ferritin was significantly longer in the FCM group (HR 0.62 [95% CI 0.38 to 1.00], Kaplan–Meier analysis; p=0.049, log-rank test). By month 8, anaemia had recurred in 26.7% (FCM) and 39.4% (placebo) of patients. Total costs (including hospitalisation) added up to £499 (±1453, SD) in the FCM arm and £319 for placebo (±1390 SD). The average cost per avoided anaemia case over the study period was £1414. Drug and administration costs for FCM totalled to £231 (£189 and £41, respectively), for a mean cumulative dose of 990 mg iron administered per patient over the study period. Compared to FCM, drug and administration costs for an equal dose of ID would be £517 (£79; £438), respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Prevention of anaemia recurrence with FCM is effective and associated with additional costs. However, as treatment costs for single-anaemia episodes are not available, our data on costs per avoided anaemia case is difficult to interpret. In comparison, yearly costs in 2001 for a single anaemic IBD patient have been estimated to £7442 ($10 687). The hypothetical use of ID may save drug costs on the expense of administration costs. <h3>Competing interests</h3> F Gutzwiller: Grant/Research Support from: Vifor Pharma Ltd, Switzerland, Conflict with: received a travel grant from Vifor Pharma Ltd, Switzerland, P Blank: Grant/Research Support from: Vifor Pharma Ltd, Switzerland, C Gasche: Conflict with: grant and consultancy honoraria from Vifor International, Pharmacosmos A/S, Fresenius Medical Care, Renapharma Sweden, R Evstatiev: None declared, M Schwenkglenks: Grant/Research Support from: Vifor Pharma Ltd, Switzerland, T D Szucs: Grant/Research Support from: Vifor Pharma Ltd, Switzerland.
A New Frontier in Patient Safety
Authors: Joseph McCannon
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Authors: C. R. Dawson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In 1969, an explosive epidemic of conjunctivitis with severe conjunctival hemorrhages swept through West Africa.<sup>1</sup>This new syndrome, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), was originally referred to as "Apollo conjunctivitis" by virtue of its appearance at the time of the Apollo 11 moon landing. In 1970 and 1971, similar epidemics occurred in North Africa, Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, the Philippines, and Taiwan, with somewhat later outbreaks in Japan, Korea, India, and Europe. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was immediately recognized as a new ocular disease by its clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Affected patients experience the sudden onset of conjunctivitis with lid swelling, tearing, serous discharge, and photophobia; the inflammation in the conjunctiva is accompanied by lymphoid follicles and spectacular hemorrhages as well as preauricular lymphadenopathy. The disease is self-limited, running its course in seven to ten days. Epidemics of AHC have occurred mainly in developing countries and have involved both urban and
Systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematological non‐mast cell lineage disease: Clinical significance and comparison of chomosomal abnormalities in <scp>SM</scp> and <scp>AHNMD</scp> components
Authors: Sa A. Wang, Lloyd Hutchinson, Guilin Tang, Su S. Chen, Patricia M. Miron, Yang O. Huh, Dan M. Jones, Carlos Bueso‐Ramos, Srdan Verstovsek, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Roberto N. Miranda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Some patients with systemic mastocytosis have concurrent hematological neoplasms, designated in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification as systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematological non-mast cell lineage disease (SM-AHNMD). In this study, we analyzed 29 patients with SM-AHNMD and compared them to 40 patients with pure SM. The AHNMDs were classified as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) (n = 10), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n = 7), myeloproliferative neoplasms (n = 4), B-cell lymphoma/leukemia/plasma cell neoplasms (n = 7), and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 1). Patients with SM-AHNMD were older, more frequently had constitutional symptoms and hematological abnormalities, less often had skin lesions, and had an inferior overall survival compared with pure SM patients (48 months vs. not-reached, P < 0.001). Karyotypic abnormalities were detected in 9/28 (32%) patients with SM-AHNMD but not in pure SM patients (P < 0.001). Combined imaging/ fluorescence-in-situ hybridization performed in four SM-AHNMD cases revealed shared abnormal signals in mast cells and myeloid cells in two patients with SM-CMML and one patient with SM-MDS, but not in the mast cells of a case SM-associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with ATM-deletion. Quantitative mutation analysis showed higher levels of mutant KIT D816V in SM-CMML and SM-MDS than in pure SM (P < 0.001). Our data indicate that the SM-AHNMD category in the WHO classification is heterogeneous, including clonally related and unrelated forms of AHNMD. The presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with SM-AHNMD is often dictated by the type of AHNMD.
Cholesteryl group- and acryloyl group-bearing pullulan nanogel to deliver BMP2 and FGF18 for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi, Masato S. Ota, Asako Shimoda, Ken-ichi Nakahama, Kazunari Akiyoshi, Youji Miyamoto, Sachiko Iseki
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Remedy for excessive salivation.
Authors: W G Selley
Journal: BMJ (1979)

remarkably clear.Taking a second swab, I notified Dr Litt, who on examination found it difficult to believe that this had been a diphtheritic case.He let the child remain, pending the result of the second swab.It was negative.Precisely the same train of events occurred in three following cases-first swabs positive, follow-ups negative.Dr Litt, giving permission for the fourth child to remain in the home, remarked, "I suppose Dr Mitchell wants to prove the efficacy of his homoeopathy."Matron agreed, "Yes, I'm sure he does."
Clinical value of IS6110-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens
Authors: Ehsan Aryan, Manoochehr Makvandi, Ahmad Farajzadeh, Kris Huygen, Amir-Hooshang Alvandi, Mohammad-Mehdi Gouya, Ali Sadrizadeh, Marta Romano
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Deficiency of the Hematopoietic Cell-Specific Rho Family GTPase Rac2 Is Characterized by Abnormalities in Neutrophil Function and Host Defense
Authors: Andrew W. Roberts, Chaekyun Kim, Ling Zhen, John B. Lowe, Reuben Kapur, Bronislawa Petryniak, Adam Spaetti, Jonathan D. Pollock, Jovencio B. Borneo, Gillian B. Bradford, Simon J. Atkinson, Mary C. Dinauer, David A. Williams
Journal: Immunity (1999)
Self-Destruction in the Promised Land: A Psychocultural Biology of American Suicide
Authors: L. D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The field of suicidology is not new. The term was first used in 1929 by W. A. Bonger, a Dutch professor. In the 1950s a growing interdisciplinary suicidology developed its own journals and national association. From the earliest scientific studies of suicide, we have been confronted with the fact that a skein of threads are woven together to produce the final dramatic outcome. It has long been observed that environmental factors, cultural or mentality features, and specific personality or intrapsychic factors are all to be observed as significant and interacting in the outcome. Within the past decade, an additional facet of the individual committing suicide has been elucidated in the form of biological factors manifested in biochemical changes in the central nervous system and genetic patterns. In the present volume Kushner, a historian, has attempted, as his subtitle indicates, a synthesis of these disparate influences to produce a unified theory
Nano‐Graphene Oxide: A Potential Multifunctional Platform for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gil Gonçalves, Mercedes Vila, María‐Teresa Portolés, María Vallet‐Regi, José Gracio, Paula Alexandrina A. P. Marques
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Nano-GO is a graphene derivative with a 2D atomic layer of sp² bonded carbon atoms in hexagonal conformation together with sp³ domains with carbon atoms linked to oxygen functional groups. The supremacy of nano-GO resides essentially in its own intrinsic chemical and physical structure, which confers an extraordinary chemical versatility, high aspect ratio and unusual physical properties. The chemical versatility of nano-GO arises from the oxygen functional groups on the carbon structure that make possible its relatively easy functionalization, under mild conditions, with organic molecules or biological structures in covalent or non-covalent linkage. The synergistic effects resulting from the assembly of well-defined structures at nano-GO surface, in addition to its intrinsic optical, mechanical and electronic properties, allow the development of new multifunctional hybrid materials with a high potential in multimodal cancer therapy. Herein, a comprehensive review of the fundamental properties of nano-GO requirements for cancer therapy and the first developments of nano-GO as a platform for this purpose is presented.
Sex differences in the rate dependence of the T wave descending limb
Authors: P Smetana
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The interval from the peak to the end of the T wave (TpTe) has been proposed to reflect the heterogeneity of action potential durations within the ventricular wall. Several studies have previously described TpTe to be independent of heart rate, which contradicts the in vitro observation of marked changes in transmural repolarisation heterogeneity due to cycle length changes. Because of this inconsistency, we investigated heart rate related changes of TpTe interval.During 24-h recordings (SEER MC, Marquette GE) in healthy young women (n=25, 26+/-7 years) and men (n=25, 27+/-8 years), a 10-s 12-lead ECG was obtained every 30 s. Recordings were repeated after 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month and results in each subject were pooled together and grouped for women and men. The QT and QT(peak) intervals were obtained automatically using QT Guard software (Marquette) and TpTe was computed as the difference between QT and QT(peak). In each subject TpTe values were averaged over 10-ms RR interval bands from 550 to 1150 ms.In both sexes, TpTe interval showed marked rate dependence with prolongation at long RR intervals. TpTe intervals in men were significantly longer over the entire range of investigated RR intervals (P=1.4x10(-25)). However, whereas the difference between sexes was marked at short cycle length (RR interval bin 540-550 ms: women 87+/-5 vs. men 95+/-9, P=5.1x10(-4)) it decreased at long cycle lengths (RR interval bin 1140-1150 ms: women 99+/-5 vs. men 106+/-6, P=9.3x10(-4)).There is a marked rate dependence of TpTe interval, which differs between women and men. The finding is consistent with the TpTe interval being an approximate surrogate of the intraventricular repolarisation gradient. The rate dependent increase in transmural repolarisation heterogeneity might be one of the reasons for the increased propensity of torsades de pointes in women.
Women who drink wine get pregnant more quickly
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Women who drink wine achieve planned pregnancies faster than other women, new research has shown.

A study of almost 30 000 women shows that women who drink wine get pregnant more quickly than those who drink beer or spirits.

“Wine drinkers experienced significantly shorter waiting times [to pregnancy] compared with those who reported no wine intake,” says a report of the study in Human Reproduction (2003;18:1967-71), which was based on the Danish national birth cohort.

The aim of the study was to examine the relation between specific types of alcohol consumption and waiting time to pregnancy. Although several studies …
Shared care in diabetes
Authors: A. J Sowden, T. A Sheldon, G. Alberti
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Interest is increasing in the greater integration of primary and secondary health care,1 and purchasers are exerting pressure to shift patients from secondary to primary care, partly for financial reasons and often regardless of effectiveness. Examples of such integration in managing chronic diseases are schemes of “shared” or “integrated” care—for example, for patients with diabetes, asthma, or hypertension. Such schemes are loosely characterised by joint participation of hospital consultants and general practitioners in the planned delivery of care and an enhanced exchange of information over and above routine discharge and referral letters.2

Despite the growing enthusiasm for these schemes, they have not yet received sufficient critical evaluation to justify national adoption. This has been recognised by the NHS research and development initiative, which has identified shared care as a priority area for research.

Most research attention has been devoted to shared care for patients with diabetes, and this has recently been the subject of an extensive literature review.3 This review identified five randomised controlled trials and several other comparative, longitudinal, and descriptive accounts …
Impairment of skin barrier function in NC/Nga Tnd mice as a possible model for atopic dermatitis
Authors: A. Aioi, H. Tonogaito, H. Suto, K. Hamada, C. Ra, H. Ogawa, H. Maibach, H. Matsuda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

The pathogenesis and aetiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) remain unclear. Establishment of suitable animal models should aid elucidation of the pathogenesis and development of therapy.We focused on biophysical and biochemical parameters in the skin of NC/Nga Tnd mice to evaluate similarities to and differences from AD.Biophysical (transepidermal water loss and skin surface conductance) and biochemical parameters (ceramide contents and activity of ceramide-metabolizing enzymes) were measured in NC/Nga Tnd mice in which spontaneous dermatitis appeared under ambient laboratory conditions (ALC).Biophysical parameters suggested impairment of water retention properties and barrier function. The amount of ceramide in NC/Nga Tnd mice under ALC decreased significantly. These dermatological features resembled those of AD, as did the clinical signs and histological changes.The results described here and previous immunological studies on AD suggest that the NC/Nga Tnd mouse may be a suitable model for certain aspects of AD.
Retinoblastoma Family Proteins Have Distinct Functions in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells <i>In vivo</i> Critical for Suppressing Cell Growth and Tumorigenesis
Authors: David S. Simpson, Nicole A. Mason-Richie, Caitlin A. Gettler, Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for more deaths than breast, colon, and prostate cancer combined. The retinoblastoma (Rb)/p16 tumor suppressive pathway is deregulated in most cancers. Loss of p16 occurs more frequently than Rb loss, suggesting that p16 suppresses cancer by regulating Rb as well as the related proteins p107 and p130. However, direct evidence demonstrating that p130 or p107 cooperate with Rb to suppress epithelial cancers associated with p16 loss is currently lacking. Moreover, the roles of p130 and p107 in lung cancer are not clear. In the present studies, Rb ablation was targeted to the lung epithelium in wild-type, p107, or p130 null mice to determine unique and overlapping Rb family functions critical in tumor suppression. Rb ablation during development resulted in marked epithelial abnormalities despite p107 upregulation. In contrast, p130 and p107 were not required during development but had distinct functions in the Rb-deficient epithelium: p107 was required to suppress proliferation, whereas a novel proapoptotic function was identified for p130. Adult Rb-ablated lungs lacked the epithelial phenotype seen at birth and showed compensatory p107 upregulation and p16 induction in epithelial cell lineages that share phenotypic characteristics with human non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that frequently show p16 loss. Importantly, Rb/p107-deficient, but not Rb/p130-deficient, lungs developed tumors resembling NSCLC. Taken together, these studies identify distinct Rb family functions critical in controlling epithelial cell growth, and provide direct evidence that p107 cooperates with Rb to protect against a common adult cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(22):8733–41]
Up-regulation of MDR1 and induction of doxorubicin resistance by histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide (FK228) and ATRA in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Yoko Tabe, Marina Konopleva, Rooha Contractor, Mark Munsell, Wendy D. Schober, Linhua Jin, Yuko Tsutsumi-Ishii, Isao Nagaoka, Jun Igari, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Blood (2005)
Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 are Correlated to the Angiographic Extent and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Özge Özsaçmacı, Aycan Fahri Erkan, Berkay Ekici, Aslı Tanındı, Uğur Erçin, Murat Uğurlu, Bülent Çelik, Ayşe Bilgihan, Hasan Fehmi Töre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
AUTOMOBILE FRACTURE OF THE LOWER RADIAL EPIPHYSIS IN A SEVENTEEN-YEAR-OLD BOY.
Authors: FREDERIC WADE HITCHINGS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The following case is of interest on account of the method of occurrence of the fracture, its location and the absence of deformity which resulted. Inquiries of different surgeons indicate that automobile fractures in themselves are much more common than a search through the literature would indicate. Ghillini<sup>1</sup>has reported the only similar case that I have been able to find. <h3>Patient.</h3> —H. P., a 17-year-old boy, was first seen on Sept. 30, 1905. He gave a history of having broken his nose when 2 years old and of breaking his ankle four years ago in a hockey game. <h3>History of Injury.</h3> —Three hours before I saw him he was trying to start the engine of a 40 horse-power automobile, when the crank snapped back.<sup>2</sup>His right hand, which at no time left the crank handle, was quickly and violently forced upward, and he experienced severe momentary pain