tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Follow-up Study of Pertussis in Infancy
Authors: Randolph K. Byers, Nicholas D. Rizzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

INJURY to the central nervous system has long been known to be one of the risks of the contagious diseases of childhood, and it has long been suspected that the risk of such accidents was more severe in whooping cough than in the other common diseases, and that children under two years of age have been more frequently affected by the encephalitic complications of whooping cough. It also seems probable that the disease in infancy may, as shown for lead poisoning without convulsions,1 interfere with subsequent maturation processes in the brain. Finally, since it seems increasingly clear that the disease . . .
Drug response profiling can predict response to ponatinib in a patient with t(1;9)(q24;q34)-associated B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Y Collette, T Prébet, A Goubard, J Adélaïde, R Castellano, N Carbuccia, S Garnier, A Guille, C Arnoulet, A Charbonier, M J Mozziconacci, D Birnbaum, M Chaffanet, N Vey
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based targeted therapy has significantly modified the outcome for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase. However, resistance remains a major concern in blastic phase of CML and in Philadelphia chromosome positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ B-ALL). Second- and third-generation TKIs have been developed to overcome resistance to first generation drugs, but selecting the appropriate drug has become a challenge.
Various tests are available to determine a patient’s disease status in CML including the mechanisms of resistance when involved, but clinical experience is limited in ALL, especially those with poorly defined ABL1 rearrangements. Here, we report a case of
ALL associated with a t(1;9)(q24;q34) RCSD1-ABL1 rearrangement. We show how ex vivo drug response profiling (DRP) may help choose among various therapeutic options.
The Renaissance Notion of Woman: A Study in the Fortunes of Scholasticism and Medical Science in European Intellectual Life
Authors: Eric Cochrane
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The purpose of this book is not to propose a general view of the place of women in Renaissance society, which the author believes would be premature. Nor is it to introduce readers to the relevant scholarly literature: he himself has read Walter Pagel rather than Allen Debus on Paracelsus, and he had read Castiglione without the help either of Ettore Bonora or of Ghino Ghinassi. Nor, indeed, is it to review the well-known literary sources, such as the sonnets of Vittoria Colonna, the<i>novelle</i>of Bandello, the<i>Diporti</i>of Girolamo Parabosco, and the<i>Heptameron</i>of Marguerite of Navarre, none of which is mentioned. The purpose of this book, rather, is to present an orderly catalogue of all the texts that contain some reflection of the "notion" of women in certain specific fields: theology, ethics, medicine, and law. In some instances, a brief synopsis of the text is given, occasionally
Administering Methylprednisolone Promptly Appears to Mitigate Cord-Injury Paralysis
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE PARALYZING effects of trauma to the spinal cord have been mitigated with massive doses of methylprednisolone. In most cord injuries, the investigators say, the damage consists of bruising or crushing. The reaction to this is electrolyte imbalance, swelling of the cord, ischemia, and nerve cell death, followed by scar tissue formation. It appears, they say, that methylprednisolone inhibits this damage. <h3>Prompt Dissemination</h3> This finding is being announced from the sponsoring National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus in Bethesda, Md, before publication in the scientific literature because it is deemed important to convey the information to clinicians as quickly as possible by a variety of means. It is said to constitute the first effective treatment for spinal cord damage and culminates a 13-year effort by the NIH's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. The results are from a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 487 patients with acute spinal cord injury
Endogenous and Exogenous Nitric Oxide Protect Against Intracoronary Thrombosis and Reocclusion After Thrombolysis
Authors: Sheng-Kun Yao, Salman Akhtar, Timothy Scott-Burden, Judy C. Ober, Paolo Golino, L. Maximilian Buja, Ward Casscells, James T. Willerson
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Nitric oxide (NO), an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, plays an important role in regulating platelet activation. We evaluated the effect of NO in a canine model of intracoronary thrombosis, thrombolysis, and reocclusion. Methods and Results Before thrombosis was induced, 34 anesthetized dogs were treated with a continuous intracoronary infusion of saline (n=8); N G -nitro- l -arginine (L-NNA, n=8), an inhibitor of NO synthetase; l -arginine (n=7), the precursor for NO; or sodium nitroprusside (SNP, n=11), an NO donor. Ten minutes after the infusion was begun, an electric current of 150 μA was applied to the endothelium of coronary arteries to induce thrombosis. Occlusive thrombi developed in all dogs in the saline group (38±4 minutes) and the L-NNA group (30±6 minutes), in 6 of 7 dogs in the l -arginine group (81±18 minutes), and in 6 of 11 dogs in the SNP group (102±21 minutes) ( P &lt;.01). The time to thrombus was prolonged by l -arginine ( P &lt;.05) and SNP ( P &lt;.01). After 3 hours of thrombus formation in coronary arteries, tissue plasminogen activator and heparin were administered intravenously. Thrombi were lysed in 4 (of 8) dogs in the saline group (71±8 minutes), in 4 (of 8) dogs in the L-NNA group (72±8 minutes), in 4 (of 6) dogs in the l -arginine group (50±14 minutes), and in 4 (of 6) dogs in the SNP group (49±11 minutes) ( P &gt;.05). After thrombolysis, coronary artery reocclusion developed in all reperfused dogs in the saline group (30±8 minutes) and in the L-NNA group (48±12 minutes), in 3 (of 4) reperfused dogs in the l -arginine group (123±26 minutes), and in 3 (of 4) reperfused dogs in the SNP group (128±19 minutes) ( P &lt;.01). The ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by collagen was inhibited after in vivo treatment with l -arginine or SNP. Conclusions Increasing NO production or giving an NO donor may inhibit platelet aggregation and delay intracoronary thrombus formation and reocclusion after thrombolysis.
Abstract 769: Novel cancer immunotherapeutics utilizing targeting peptides
Authors: Tracy M. Diaz, Michael J. McGuire, Kathlynn C. Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer immunotherapeutics is an emerging treatment option that offers high tumor specificity and efficacy while reducing deleterious side effects. Immune therapies for cancer can be divided into two main types: active and passive. Active therapy strives to achieve a long term protective immunity against a tumor antigen while passive therapy supplies exogenous immunological reagents to provide specific anti-tumor effector functions. Both immunotherapies can be improved through the use of targeting peptides. Our lab utilizes a phage library panning method for isolation of cell-specific peptides that can be rapidly acquired without prior knowledge of cell surface receptors. Active Immunotherapy: Cancer vaccines can elicit an immune response against tumor associated antigens that will result in tumor reduction and protective immunity. Recent studies have utilized antigen-pulsed in vitro matured DCs during vaccination for a more effective anti-cancer immune response. Several clinical trials, however, show that this method does not provide a significant therapeutic immune response. A more robust anti-tumor immune response could potentially be achieved through in vivo targeting of tumor antigens to DCs. Through the phage library panning protocol, our lab has identified 2 phage clones, XS52.1 and XS52.3, which have been shown to specifically bind to the XS52 immature dendritic cells. The XS52.3 phage clone has been further shown to bind bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) from both Balb/c and C57BL/J6 mice. While current data suggests these phage clones are capable of binding DCs in vitro, future studies will determine if these peptides can be used to target antigen to DCs in vivo for vaccination. Passive Immunotherapy: Monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor associated antigens have been successfully used in clinical settings, but problems remain with identifying and validating new antigen targets. Modification of the antibody scaffold for distinct applications can also be problematic. Using our phage display panning protocol, we have identified ligands of high affinity and specificity against a panel of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Furthermore, these peptide targeting ligands can be chemically synthesized and easily modified for different uses. For example, synthetic peptide ligands have been used to direct antibody dependant cellular cytotoxicity through the use of biotinylated tetrameric peptides and anti-biotin antibodies. These results suggest that peptide targeting ligands can be used to direct antibody effector functions for passive immunotherapy against cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 769. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-769
Getting geared up for the Winter Olympics
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Exactly six months from now—at 9:54 AM Sunday, Feb 24—the XIII Winter Games of the 1980 Olympics are scheduled to close in the Adirondack mountain village of Lake Placid, NY. The closing ceremony will evoke differing emotions. Among these, if meticulous preparations have paid off, will be a long sigh of relief from physicians and other health professionals charged with planning and providing medical services to the more than 100,000 athletes, officials, and spectators expected to be present daily for the Feb 13 to 24 events. "We have to hope for the best and plan for the worst," says George G. Hart, MD, a Lake Placid-born family practitioner who is chairman of medical arrangements for the Olympic Organizing Committee. Hart, who has practiced in the community since shortly after flight surgeon service in World War II, says that as far as the winter sports themselves are concerned, downhill high-speed skiing
LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION AS A PREDICTOR OF RESTENOSIS AND STENT THROMBOSIS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Gabriel Sardi, Rebecca Torguson, Michael A. Gaglia, Gabriel Maluenda, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Itsik Ben-Dor, Rafael Romaguera, Ana Laynez-Carnicero, Michael Mahmoudi, Kohei Wakabayashi, William O. Suddath, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Sexual Transmission of an HIV-1 Variant Resistant to Multiple Reverse-Transcriptase and Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Frederick M. Hecht, Robert M. Grant, Christos J. Petropoulos, Beth Dillon, Margaret A. Chesney, Huan Tian, Nicholas S. Hellmann, Nirmala I. Bandrapalli, Laura Digilio, Bernard Branson, James O. Kahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Combination treatments with agents that inhibit protease and reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) decrease mortality and slow disease progression.1 The development of resistance to these drugs, however, limits the benefit of such treatments.2,3 There have been reports of the transmission of HIV-1 variants that are resistant to nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase.4–9 The transmission of HIV-1 variants that are resistant to protease inhibitors could represent an important emerging clinical and public health problem. We report a case of transmission of an HIV-1 variant with multiple mutations that conferred resistance to both protease . . .
Correction: Letter on Screening for Disability
Authors: Mark S. Lachs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters1 December 1990Correction: Letter on Screening for DisabilityMark S. Lachs, MDMark S. Lachs, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-11-900_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:In our response (1), the second sentence of the fourth paragraph should read as follows: "For example, in the meticulously done negative trial by Rubenstein and colleagues (2), the investigators note that certain lower-risk patients might derive less benefit from functional status interventions than others, such as frail elderly persons and those with recent deterioration in function."...Reference1. LachsFeinsteinCooney MAL. "Screening" for disability [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:558. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1990Volume 113, Issue 11Page: 900-900KeywordsDisabilitiesElderly Issue Published: 1 December 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Successful high‐titer immunoglobulin therapy for persistent parvovirus B19 infection in a lymphoma patient treated with rituximab‐combined chemotherapy
Authors: Yasushi Isobe, Koichi Sugimoto, Yumi Shiraki, Miho Nishitani, Kengo Koike, Kazuo Oshimi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract A 40‐year‐old female diagnosed with follicular lymphoma was treated with rituximab‐combined chemotherapy. Although she achieved complete remission, she developed progressive anemia and reticulocytopenia. Bone marrow examination revealed features of pure red cell aplasia and hemophagocytosis. In addition, the appearance of large pronormoblasts suggested that she was infected with parvovirus B19. Excess viral DNA in her bone marrow confirmed that her illness was caused by persistent parvovirus B19 infection. Serum immunoglobulin levels decreased beyond the lower normal limit, which indicated that her humoral immunity was impaired after rituximab‐combined chemotherapy. Although she had been infected with parvovirus B19, she was re‐infected and failed to control the viral expansion. High‐titer immunoglobulin against parvovirus B19 was intravenously administrated and resulted in remarkable reticulocytosis and improvement of anemia. High‐titer immunoglobulin, which contained a sufficient amount of neutralizing antibodies against parvovirus B19, likely inactivated most viruses in vivo. We successfully eradicated the virus after 2 courses of high‐dose therapy at 0.5 g/kg/day every week followed by 8 courses of maintenance therapy at 0.1 g/kg/day every other week. It is important to consider that parvovirus B19 infection is a possible cause of progressive anemia in B‐cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab‐combined chemotherapy. We propose that the use of high‐titer immunoglobulin against parvovirus B19 may enable such immunocompromised patients to eradicate the virus before sufficient immune system reconstruction. Am. J. Hematol. 77:370–373, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whole-time Specialist Posts
Authors: B. B. Sharp
Journal: BMJ (1935)

A traditional lagar (stone trough) fermentation, with crushing by treading, was compared with fermentation in a tank with mechanical crushing. For the tank fermentation, pigment extraction was increased by pumping juice drawn from the bottom of the tank through a spray head at the top of the tank. Yeast growth, sugar depletion, ethanol formation, and changes in amino acid composition were monitored during the two kinds of fermentation. No marked differences in these fermentation characteristics were found between the lager and tank systems. The effect on the quality of the end product was assessed by color analysis and sensory assessments of the wine during maturation. The results showed initial differences in pigment extraction and significant differences in sensory attributes; but as the wine matured over three years, this difference in sensory quality became insignificant. Hence, the sensory quality of the finished wines did not depend on the method of production.
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Dana M Hardbower, Thibaut de Sablet, Rupesh Chaturvedi, Keith T Wilson
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Helicobacter pylori is the leading risk factor associated with gastric carcinogenesis. H. pylori leads to chronic inflammation because of the failure of the host to eradicate the infection. Chronic inflammation leads to oxidative stress, deriving from immune cells and from within gastric epithelial cells. This is a main contributor to DNA damage, apoptosis and neoplastic transformation. Both pathogen and host factors directly contribute to oxidative stress, including H. pylori virulence factors, and pathways involving DNA damage and repair, polyamine synthesis and metabolism, and oxidative stress response. Our laboratory has recently uncovered a mechanism by which polyamine oxidation by spermine oxidase causes H2O2 release, DNA damage and apoptosis. Our studies indicate novel targets for therapeutic intervention and risk assessment in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. More studies addressing the many potential contributors to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and gastric carcinogenesis are essential for development of therapeutics and identification of gastric cancer biomarkers.
Information about Quality of Care
Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 October 1997Information about Quality of CareLisa I. Iezzoni, MD, MScLisa I. Iezzoni, MD, MScBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Boston, MA 02215Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-7-199710010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:My comments focused on how soon we would have large-scale, clinical data sets merging information from all institutions within a state or region, with the specific intent of comparing quality of care across hospitals. I acknowledged, as Drs. McDonald and Aller affirm, that technical considerations are not the limiting factor. Standards for electronic transmission of clinical information exist and are increasingly used throughout the industry. My tone was cautions because of practical considerations (such as money), as well as societal concerns about protecting patient privacy and confidentiality.Drs. McDonald and Aller indicate that most hospitals with more than ...References1. Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Testimony to the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. San Francisco, 3 June 1997. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 7Page: 575KeywordsComputer softwareDatabasesHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability ActHealth care qualityHealth information technologyHealth services researchMedical servicesPatient advocacyResearch laboratoriesResearch quality assessment Issue Published: 1 October 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Resurgence of V.D
Authors: E. E. Prebble
Journal: BMJ (1961)

should be avoided.Non-barbiturate hypnotics on the whole seem to carry a much lesser risk of habit-forma- tion and addiction, though in the case of unstable alcoholics such a happening can never be excluded.Among the non-barbiturate hypnotics methyprylone, glutethimide, and the newer thalidomide (" distaval ") and methaqualone hydrochloride (" melsedin ") have so far in our experience proved quite suitable for alcoholics.In the case of thalidomide, the possibility of peripheral neuropathy as a toxic manifestation'21'4 must be kept in mind, but several of our patients with evidence of alcoholic neuropathy showed a satisfactory response to treatment though receiving thalidomide, as in the case recently reported by Shafar.4 -I am, etc.,
The Art of Diagnosis
Authors: David M. Eddy, Charles H. Clanton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We analyzed the psychological process by which physicians solve complicated diagnostic problems, such as those posed in clinicopathological exercises. The challenge of differential diagnosis is to select the most probable cause of a patient's condition, yet the size of the problem, the nature of medical information, and the notorious inability of human beings to manipulate probabilities in their heads all conspire against the diagnostician to make it virtually impossible to employ Bayes' theorem in routine diagnosis. Unable to estimate the desired probabilities explicitly, physicians recast the problem into a form that uses one of their most effective mental skills — that of comparing patterns. A study of 50 clinicopathological conferences published in the Journal suggests that the following six steps are taken to arrive at a diagnosis: aggregation of groups of findings into patterns, selection of a "pivot" or key finding, generation of a cause list, pruning of the cause list, selection of a diagnosis, and validation of the diagnosis. Although the clinicopathological conference differs in some important ways from real-life diagnostic problems, we belive that the principles described here closely resemble those used in practice. Properly selected clinicopathological conferences are excellent windows through which to study diagnostic reasoning. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:1263–8.)
Nightmares: Friend or foe?
Authors: Ross Levin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Revonsuo's evolution-based theory places the nightmare as a prototype dream, which fully realizes its biological function. However, individuals who experience both repetitive (PTSD) nightmares and/or lifelong nontraumatic nightmares demonstrate impaired psychological functioning and attenuated information-processing. The importance of reconciling these discrepancies are addressed and ideas for providing stronger empirical tests of the model are presented. [Revonsuo]
Hyperthermic-related challenges in aquatics, athletics, football, tennis and triathlon: Table 1
Authors: Margo Mountjoy, Juan-Manuel Alonso, Michael F Bergeron, Jiri Dvorak, Stuart Miller, Sergio Migliorini, Dato’ Gurcharan Singh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Although many elite sporting events occur in climate-controlled venues, some athletes train and compete in environments that can potentially pose a risk to the athlete's health. In particular, athletes in aquatics, track and field, tennis, football and triathlon can be exposed to extreme heat during competition or while training. The International Federations responsible for these sports are aware of these health risks and have implemented measures to help protect the health of their athletes. This review paper outlines the sport-specific environmental health risks and the safety standards implemented to safeguard athlete health.
King's Fund accepts funding for seminars from US insurance company
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

UK NEWS Scientists plead for right to create interspecies embryos, p1238 World NEWS US gro�p highlights symptoms of early o�arian cancer, p 12�� US gro�p highlights symptoms of early o�arian cancer, p 12�� bmj.com �itamin d from s�n e�pos�re may protect against solid cancers �itamin d from s�n e�pos�re may protect against solid cancers