tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m Labeled White Blood Cell Imaging in Chronic Pancreatitis With Pseudocyst
Authors: GEOFFREY R. STOREY, GREGORY FALK, KEVIN C. ALLMAN, HANS van der WALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 36-year-old woman with a history of thyroid carcinoma, peptic ulcer disease, and alcoholism with chronic pancreatitis had a 4-week history of abdominal pain, anorexia, and weight loss. She demonstrated signs of sepsis with fever, tachycardia, and neutrophil leukocytosis. A tender central abdominal mass was noted. Intravenous ampicillin, metronidazole, and gentamicin therapy was commenced. Abdominal CT scan demonstrated several fluid-density collections, only one of which showed Tc-99m labeled leukocyte accumulation on scintigraphy. One of these large collections was subsequently drained. Analysis of the fluid revealed a high amylase collection, but no white cells. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria cultures were negative.
The Antiseptic Treatment of Small-Pox
Authors: A. E. Sansom
Journal: BMJ (1871)

by everybody as hysterical or hypochondriacal, and was treated for that disease by assafeetida, etc.; but one day the man feU down in a fit and died.An abscess was found in his brain.He complained of one painful spot in his head day by day, and maintained that nothing re-
A Reanalysis of the Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Sequences Recovered from Neandertal Bones
Authors: Gabriel Gutiérrez, Diego Sánchez, Antonio Marín
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Recent reports analyzing mitochondrial DNA sequences from Neandertal bones have claimed that Neandertals and modern humans are different species. The phylogenetic analyses carried out in these articles did not take into account the high substitution rate variation among sites observed in the human mitochondrial D-loop region and also lack an estimation of the parameters of the nucleotide substitution model. The separate phylogenetic position of Neandertals is not supported when these factors are considered. Our analysis shows that Neandertal-Human and Human-Human pairwise distance distributions overlap more than what previous studies suggested. We also show that the most ancient Neandertal HVI region is the most divergent when compared with modern human sequences. However, the opposite would be expected if the sequence had not been modified since the death of the specimen. Such incongruence is discussed in the light of diagenetic modifications in ancient Neandertal DNA sequences.
SHOULD THE DENTAL STUDENT BE EDUCATED INDEPENDENTLY OF GENERAL MEDICINE?
Authors: G. V. I. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Only yesterday one commonly heard the statements: "These dental college graduates don't amount to anything, they are too theoretical; it is the practical man who learned in an office and never went to college that can fill teeth." "What's the use of a dentist studying anatomy and physiology and such things? He wants to learn to extract and make plates and put in fillings and not waste time on studying theory." A brief day finds all this passed away, profession and laity both demanding the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery, as at least a certificate of proper study and attainment. Again we note the same old spirit giving out the idea that too much study of medical branches makes a less efficient operator, that such work must be curtailed in order that more time may be devoted to purely technical training, and every consideration subordinated to development of the
Samuel T. Darling and Human Sarcosporidiosis or Toxoplasmosis in Panama
Authors: Enrique Chaves-Carballo
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In 1908, two years after his discovery of histoplasmosis, Samuel T. Darling, MD, reported sarcosporidiosis in a 20-year-old man in Panama. The description of the parasite and subsequent illustrations of the skeletal-muscle biopsy material provide strong evidence to suggest that the parasite he found was<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>instead. If so, Darling should be credited with the first recorded description of toxoplasmosis in man.
Rotavirus Vaccine and Health Care Utilization for Diarrhea in U.S. Children
Authors: Jennifer E. Cortes, Aaron T. Curns, Jacqueline E. Tate, Margaret M. Cortese, Manish M. Patel, Fangjun Zhou, Umesh D. Parashar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Routine vaccination of U.S. infants with pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) began in 2006.Using MarketScan databases, we assessed RV5 coverage and diarrhea-associated health care use from July 2007 through June 2009 versus July 2001 through June 2006 in children under 5 years of age. We compared the rates of diarrhea-associated health care use in unvaccinated children in the period from January through June (when rotavirus is most prevalent) in 2008 and 2009 with the prevaccine rates to estimate indirect benefits. We estimated national reductions in the number of hospitalizations for diarrhea, and associated costs, by extrapolation.By December 31, 2008, at least one dose of RV5 had been administered in 73% of children under 1 year of age, 64% of children 1 year of age, and 8% of children 2 to 4 years of age. Among children under 5 years of age, rates of hospitalization for diarrhea in 2001-2006, 2007-2008, and 2008-2009 were 52, 35, and 39 cases per 10,000 person-years, respectively, for relative reductions from 2001-2006 by 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31 to 35) in 2007-2008 and by 25% (95% CI, 23 to 27) in 2008-2009; rates of hospitalization specifically coded for rotavirus infection were 14, 4, and 6 cases per 10,000 person-years, respectively, for relative reductions in the rate from 2001-2006 by 75% (95% CI, 72 to 77) in 2007-2008 and by 60% (95% CI, 58 to 63) in 2008-2009. In the January-June periods of 2008 and 2009, the respective relative rate reductions among vaccinated children as compared with unvaccinated children were as follows: hospitalization for diarrhea, 44% (95% CI, 33 to 53) and 58% (95% CI, 52 to 64); rotavirus-coded hospitalization, 89% (95% CI, 79 to 94) and 89% (95% CI, 84 to 93); emergency department visits for diarrhea, 37% (95% CI, 31 to 43) and 48% (95% CI, 44 to 51); and outpatient visits for diarrhea, 9% (95% CI, 6 to 11) and 12% (95% CI, 10 to 15). Indirect benefits (in unvaccinated children) were seen in 2007-2008 but not in 2008-2009. Nationally, for the 2007-2009 period, there was an estimated reduction of 64,855 hospitalizations, saving approximately $278 million in treatment costs.Since the introduction of rotavirus vaccine, diarrhea-associated health care utilization and medical expenditures for U.S. children have decreased substantially.
Predictors of Type of Vascular Access in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Richard A. Hirth
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Complications from vascular access account for 15% of hospital admissions among US hemodialysis patients. Complications are less frequent with arteriovenous fistulas than with synthetic grafts. We assessed clinical and nonclinical predictors of whether patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) starting hemodialysis receive a fistula or graft. We also investigated changes in practice between 1986-1987 and 1990.Cross-sectional study.United States hemodialysis population.Random, national samples of ESRD patients who started hemodialysis in 1986-1987 (n=2741) or 1990 (n=1409) from United States Renal Data System Special Studies.Type of permanent vascular access (arteriovenous fistula vs synthetic graft), analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.Clinical and demographic factors as well as socioeconomic status, region of residence, and year starting hemodialysis predicted the type of vascular access. Overall, 56% of patients had grafts 30 days after starting dialysis, but graft use increased from 51% in 1986-1987 to 65% in 1990 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.67 for 1990 vs 1986-1987; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-1.95; P<.001). Graft use (relative to fistula) varied by region of residence (ranging from AOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.14-0.28; P<.001 [New England], to AOR, 2.69; 95% CI, 2.03-3.58; P<.001 [East South Central]; both relative to the national average).This national study documents large variations in the relative use of fistulas and grafts and a trend away from fistulas. The prevalence of comorbid conditions fails to explain these findings. Presentation and referral of patients early in the process of their ESRD, teaching surgeons to place fistulas, and training dialysis nurses to access fistulas may increase their use.
Psychological problems and the intensive care unit.
Authors: G G Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1993)

technological advance ever made in the monitoring of the well-being and safety of patients during anaesthesia, recovery and critical care,"'4 it must be understood that a normal reading of saturation in the presence of an increased inspired oxygen concentration gives no information about the adequacy of ventilation.Falls in saturation under these circumstances will occur late and are non-diagnostic.Under no circumstances should the pulse oximeter be relied on as the sole monitor to detect such events as oesophageal intubation, cardiac arrest, breathing system disconnections, or failure of the oxygen supply.
lleocecal Reflux A Potential Source of Error with Nuclear Cystography in the Patient with lleocecocystoplasty
Authors: TOM W. WHITE, JOE C. LEONARD, WILLIAM F. BARNES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Nuclear cystography is recommended for the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux because of its high sensitivity and its low radiation exposure. We encountered a potential source of false-positive studies in patients who have had an ileocecocystoplasty for bladder augmentation. This case presentation illustrates the findings in such a patient.
IOM: Shorten Residents’ Work Shifts to Reduce Fatigue, Improve Patient Safety
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Migration of adventitial myofibroblasts following vascular balloon injury: insights from in vivo gene transfer to rat carotid arteries
Authors: R Siow
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Migration of adventitial fibroblasts, in addition to smooth muscle cell proliferation, plays a role in neointima formation following vascular injury. Previous studies have not directly addressed whether endogenous adventitial cells migrate towards the intima following balloon injury in the absence of medial dissection. We have employed an in vivo gene transfer technique to the rat carotid artery to directly label adventitial fibroblasts prior to balloon injury.An adenoviral vector coordinating expression of nuclear targeted beta-galactosidase (AdLacZ) suspended in pluronic gel was applied to the perivascular surface of left carotid arteries of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Balloon catheter mediated vascular injury was performed on these arteries 4 days later and animals killed at 3, 7 and 14 days after injury.Expression of LacZ up to 14 days after application of the adenovirus was restricted only to the adventitia of uninjured arteries and absent from untransfected right carotid arteries. However, following balloon catheter injury, LacZ positive cells were observed within the medial layer of vessels by 3 days, and contributed to the population of cells within the neointima at 7-14 days. Adventitial cells in uninjured arteries did not express smooth muscle alpha-actin but after injury, LacZ positive cells migrating towards the lumen exhibited alpha-actin immunostaining, suggesting their change to a myofibroblastic phenotype.These findings provide direct evidence that adventitial fibroblasts migrate and contribute to neointima formation after balloon injury and show that in vivo gene transfer to the adventitia results in sustained transgene expression capable of labelling migrating adventitial cells within the media and neointima of injured vessels.
U-46619-induced potentiation of noradrenergic constriction in the human saphenous vein: antagonism by thromboxane receptor blockade
Authors: J Vila
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: We investigated the potentiating effect of U-46619, a synthetic analogue of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), on the adrenergic responses in human saphenous vein. Methods: Saphenous vein rings were obtained from 35 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The rings were suspended in organ bath chambers for isometric recording of tension. Results: U-46619 (10−10–3×10−7 mol/l) produced concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent contractile responses. U-46619 (10−10 mol/l) potentiated the contractions elicited by electrical stimulation and potassium chloride, and produced leftward shifts of the concentration–response curve for noradrenaline. The TXA2 receptor antagonist SQ-30741 (10−8 mol/l) prevented the potentiation evoked by U-46619. The dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nifedipine (10−6 mol/l) did not affect the potentiation of electrical stimulation and noradrenaline induced by U-46619, but abolished the potentiation of U-46619 on KCl-induced contractions. Conclusions: U-46619 facilitates sympathetic neurotransmission and potentiates constrictor effects of noradrenaline in human saphenous veins through stimulation of TXA2 receptors. These effects are independent of calcium entry through dihydropyridine calcium channels.
Vascular Endothelial Function and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Adolescents
Authors: Katja Pahkala, Olli J. Heinonen, Hanna Lagström, Paula Hakala, Olli Simell, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Tapani Rönnemaa, Miika Hernelahti, Lauri Sillanmäki, Olli T. Raitakari
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Exercise training improves endothelial function in high-risk adolescents, but the influence of habitual leisure-time physical activity on endothelial function in healthy adolescents is unknown.Brachial artery flow-mediated endothelial function and physical activity habits were assessed in 483 adolescents (13 years of age) participating in an atherosclerosis prevention study (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children [STRIP]). Endothelial function was examined with ultrasound; physical activity was assessed with self-administered questionnaires. A leisure-time physical activity index was calculated by multiplying mean weekly leisure-time exercise intensity, duration, and frequency [boys, 31.2 +/- 23.0 MET h/wk (mean +/- SD); girls, 24.0 +/- 20.9 MET h/wk; P for gender difference=0.0003]. Maximum flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and total FMD response (the area under the dilatation curve 40 to 180 seconds after hyperemia) were calculated. In boys, maximum FMD and area under the dilatation curve 40 to 180 seconds after hyperemia were directly associated with leisure-time physical activity index in regression analyses adjusted for brachial artery diameter (maximum FMD, P=0.020; area under the dilatation curve 40 to 180 seconds after hyperemia, P=0.0055). These associations remained significant after further adjustments for body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and systolic blood pressure. A difference of approximately 50 MET h/wk corresponding to approximately 10 hours of moderate intensity activity weekly between sedentary and active boys was associated with an approximately 1% unit difference in maximum FMD.Leisure-time physical activity is directly associated with brachial artery FMD responses in 13-year-old boys, providing evidence that physical activity beneficially influences endothelial function in healthy male adolescents. Lack of association in girls may reflect their overall lower physical activity level.
Left Ventricular Dimensions Recorded by Sonocardiometry
Authors: ROBERT F. RUSHMER, DEAN L. FRANKLIN, RICHARD M. ELLIS
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

A new technic for continuously recording the dimensions of internal organs in intact unanesthetized animals has been developed as a modification of sonar technics. A sound is emitted by a small barium titanate crystal mounted on one side of the left ventricle, and the time required for the sound waves to pass through the chamber to another crystal on the opposite side is monitored 1,000 to 2,500 times/sec. Such crystals have continued to function reliably for more than 3 months after installation in the animal. Changes in left ventricular diameter have been recorded during spontaneous cardiac responses to various conditions including physical exertion on a treadmill.
MULTIPLICATION OF TUBERCLE BACILLI WITHIN MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES IN TISSUE CULTURES DERIVED FROM NORMAL ANIMALS AND ANIMALS VACCINATED WITH BCG
Authors: Emanuel Suter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

When monocytes derived from normal guinea pigs or rabbits were infected with tubercle bacilli and cultivated in vitro, the bacilli multiplied abundantly within the cytoplasm of these cells. By contrast, intracellular multiplication of the bacilli was retarded or completely inhibited within the monocytes of rabbits or guinea pigs vaccinated with BCG. This inhibition of growth was observed with both virulent or attenuated strains of tubercle bacilli. Under the conditions used in the present study, the ability of monocytes to inhibit bacillary proliferation was the same whether serum from a normal animal or from vaccinated animals was used in the tissue culture medium. Moreover, the serum of vaccinated animals did not inhibit multiplication of tubercle bacilli within monocytes derived from a normal animal. The ability of guinea pig monocytes to interfere with intracellular bacillary proliferation was first perceptible 8 days after vaccination.
Histamine induced alteration of calcium binding to microvascular endothelium as indicated by use of ionic lanthanum
Authors: S. A BARMAN, M. D OLSON, J. T SAARI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To determine whether histamine's effect on microvascular permeability might be associated with altered calcium binding, the influence of histamine on lanthanum binding to vascular endothelium was assessed in the presence of verapamil. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused firstly with histamine, secondly with histamine and verapamil, and subsequently with histamine in the presence of lanthanum and verapamil. Examination by transmission electron microscopy showed that 92% of microvessels examined contained bound lanthanum on plasma membranes, plasmalemmal vesicles, or endothelial clefts of vascular endothelium, or all three, in both atria and ventricles, which is in contrast to the low proportion (4%) of microvessels containing bound lanthanum found in the presence of verapamil alone. The enhancement of lanthanum binding was reduced by both H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the increase in vascular permeability with histamine may be associated with increased calcium binding to vascular endothelial membranes and that both H1 and H2 receptors play a part in this activity.
The young adult with spina bifida.
Authors: B J Castree, J H Walker
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Although the management of infants with congenital defects remains controversial,1 the adoption of a policy of selective surgery for the neonate with meningomyelocele has had the effect, predicted by Weatherall and White,2 of reducing the number of survivors with this condition and diminishing their degree of disability. The policy of careful selection for surgery practised in most centres followed an evaluation of the results of a period of more liberal intervention during the late 1950s and early 1960s when most infants were treated. Examination of the survivors of that period showed a group of children suffering from complex physical and intellectual handicaps,3 4 and complementary studies of their families measured the social and emotional costs of their care.5 6 Although in future the numbers of children and young adults heavily handicapped by the effects of spina bifida and meningomyelocele may be considerably reduced, it is important to remember that a cohort of those treated during the earlier years of active optimistic intervention remain and are in danger of being forgotten by all but those concerned in their day-to-day care. During their school years most children in this group benefited from a high standard of special education, often in newly built schools for the physically handicapped or in special units attached to normal schools. This care had been provided because the Department of Education, becoming aware of the optimism of the surgeons, had anticipated the increased survival of children with meningomyelocele and their ultimate arrival in School and had encouraged local education authorities to make special provision. In many areas the special school co-ordinated educational, social, and medical care and provided a high degree of physical and emotional security for both the child and the parents. As the children grew, became adolescent, and approached school-leaving age, it was increasingly apparent that security of this type would not continue and that many of the basic require? ments for an independent early adult life might be lacking. A leading article in the BMJ identified four hurdles awaiting each young adult with spina bifida. The first, on the assumption that the youngster would be capable of coping alone, was the withdrawal from the cosseting care of parents ; the second, the problem of finding suitable accommodation where he could live, if necessary in a wheelchair; the third, the problems of mobility; and the fourth, a job in a world where work even for the able bodied may be difficult to find. The ability of young adults with spina bifida to surmount these hurdles could be regarded as a measure of the adequacy of health and social services. In the Northern Region one exception to the generalisation that services for the young physically
THE RELATION OF THE CIRCUMLENTAL SPACE TO THE CAUSATION OF GLAUCOMA AS SHOWN BY THE WURDEMANN LAMP.
Authors: JOHN A. TENNEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is obvious that this disease is caused either by excessive secretion in the eye, or by obstruction in its outlets, or both. Hippocrates applied the term glaucoma to all opacities behind the pupil. Taught by dissection, Brisseau<sup>1</sup>was the first to announce in 1709 that, while cataract was an opacity of the lens, glaucoma was a similar affection of the vitreous humor; therefore, no operation could afford relief. Mackenzie early in the last century recognized the disease as one of pressure, stating that:<sup>2</sup> A morbid secretion, of the origin of which we can give no accurate account, fills the cavity of the retina, but, like other morbid productions, is not furnished with the apparatus of removal, necessary for keeping its quantity<i>in equilibrio.</i>Hence the unnatural firmness of the glaucomatous eye, a symptom that often increases to such a degree that the organ is felt to be