tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 23: bFGF induced VEGF expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma
Authors: Kai-Wei Lin, Chih-Hsin Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Solid cancers cannot grow beyond a limited size without an adequate blood supply; cancers that express VEGF are able to grow and metastasize. In normal tissue, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is present in basement membranes and in the subendothelial extracellular matrix of blood vessels. It has been found that bFGF increased the formation of new blood vessels and angiogenesis during tumor growth and metastasis. However, the effect of bFGF in VEGF expression in human chondrosarcoma is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of bFGF in VEGF expression in human chondrosarcoma. We found that the expression of bFGF and VEGF were correlated with tumor stage and significantly higher than that in normal cartilage. bFGF increased the VEGF expression and subsequently promoted migration and tub formation in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Pretreatment of cells with p38, c-Src, or NF-κB inhibitor antagonized bFGF-induced VEGF expression and EPC migration as well as tube formation. Incubation with bFGF induced p38, c-Src and NF-κB phosphorylation. In addition knockdown bFGF decreased VEGF expression and also abolished chondrosarcoma conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis in vitro as well as angiogenesis effects in the chick chorioallantoic membrane and matrigel-plug nude mice model in vivo. Furthermore, using xenograft tumor angiogenesis model, knockdown bFGF significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Our results indicated that bFGF enhances the VEGF expression of chondrosarcoma cells. One of the mechanisms underlying bFGF-directed VEGF expression was through the p38/c-Src/NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Citation Format: Kai-Wei Lin, Chih-Hsin Tang. bFGF induced VEGF expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 23. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-23
Skin Squamous Cell Cancer: The Time Is Right for Greater Involvement of the Medical Oncologist
Authors: David G. Pfister, Allan C. Halpern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the skin is a paradox for the medical oncologist. It is one of the most common malignancies, yet medical oncologists are involved infrequently in the management of most skin SCCs. Most patients with the disease have an excellent prognosis and are treated by a dermatologist, surgeon, or radiation oncologist. There has been no established role for systemic therapy in the adjuvant setting, either alone or with radiation, with the recent exception of the potential use of oral retinoids with preventive intent in selected patients at increased risk for the development of new skin cancers. 1 Historically, the medical oncologist’s role has been relegated largely to the palliative treatment and symptom management of patients with recurrent locoregional or distant disease not amenable to further local treatment measures. Although chemotherapy has limited efficacy in this setting, relatively little attention has been paid to the prospective evaluation of promising new agents in patients with cutaneous SCC. Oncologists have regularly relied on low-quality evidence from the literature, preclinical data, expert opinion, experience with the treatment of SCC from other primary sites such as the aerodigestive tract or cervix, and clinical judgment to assist in chemotherapy drug selection. However, several factors point toward the need for more investigations into the pathogenesis, molecular biology, prevention, developmental therapeutics, and combined-modality therapy of SCC of the skin, as well as a growing awareness of the disease and its management among medical oncologists. Because the incidence of SCC of the skin increases after age 40, 2,3 an aging population of baby boomers will contribute to a further increase in the incidence of the disease. A number of risk factors have been identified that predispose one to developing cutaneous SCC— exposure to sunlight and related ultraviolet radiation is the most important and best characterized risk factor. 3 A prior diagnosis of SCC of the skin is associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent skin cancer, 4 as well as cancer at other sites. 5 Many such factors lend themselves to risk-reduction strategies, so there is a keen interest in preventive interventions, including chemoprevention. 6,7 Skin cancer preventive education warrants broad-based attention across all age groups, 1 and it
Retinoblastoma: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: D. H. Abramson
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1982)

In the United States, the average age of the child at diagnosis is 13 months.5At New York Hospital Cornell Medical Cen ter, we have seen ocular involvement and metastasis present at birth.In other coun tries, the disease is not detected until the fourth year of life, when it is usually far advanced.6Children born to parents who have been successfully treated for retino blastoma are examined routinely in the first few days after birth and then repeatedly under anesthesia for two to three years.Examinations are performed at six weeks of age and then every two to three months for one year, every three months until age two, and then every four months until age three.Retinoblastoma in these patients is detected at the mean age of 2.4 months and only rarely after three years.2As many as one out of four patients have normal examinations prior to the appearance of their intraocular tumor.Retinoblastoma shows no predilection for sex or race nor preference for either right or left eye.The tumor occurs in one eye in 2/@ to Â¾of patients and in both eyes in Â¼to â€˜¿ /@ of cases.When it occurs in both eyes, an average of five foci of tumor are randomly distributed.These foci may all present at the same time, but in at least 25 percent of cases, the foci do not appear simultaneously; they may present months after successful treatment of the original tumors.
Letter: Clinical public health doctors.
Authors: C S Smith
Journal: BMJ (1974)

561 maternal intoxication and therefore the lack of maternal clinical hypervitaminosis has little relevance to the discussion of the terateg.nicpotential of vitamin A.1 It is evident that the conclusion of Mrs. Wild and her colleagues that "it seems unlikely that women who conceive soon after dis- continuing oral cont,raception run any teratogenic risk from increased vitamin A levels" may yet be more definite than is warranted by their data and should not be accepted as final.Further work is required.-I am, etc.,
DeGowin &amp;amp; DeGowin's Bedside Diagnostic Examination
Authors: Richard M. Stillman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The fifth edition of DeGowin and DeGowin's<i>Bedside Diagnostic Examination</i>is an improvement over an already exceptional book with an excellent track record. One thousand plus pages are separated into three sections. The largest of the sections, "Part I: Symptoms and Signs," is 852 pages of well-written, detailed clinical descriptions of basically every symptom or sign that a clinician in any specialty might encounter in evaluating his patients. Part II is a brief introduction to laboratory data, including normal values and reasons for common abnormalities. Part III is an alphabetized list of selected diseases indicating in one sentence the definition of the disease, followed by common symptoms, signs, and laboratory results. The book is illustrated with hand drawings by the late Dr Elmer L. DeGowin (the same endearing illustrations that graced the previous editions of the book). Although they are clearly not the work of a professional artist, each depicts
Effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2 alpha on N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities of human synovial cells in culture.
Authors: B J Clarris, L P Malcolm
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

The acid hydrolase N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was used to examine the effects of prostaglandins E1 (PGE1), E2 (PGE2), and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on the lysosomal system of human synovial cells in vitro. A spontaneous release of the enzyme occurred from control cultures, which was accelerated by each of the prostaglandins in a concentration-dependent manner, within the range of 10(-8)-10(-6) moles per litre (M). No clear order of potency could be established. The effects of the prostaglandins on release of NAG were less consistent and of smaller magnitude when human serum was replaced by bovine serum albumin in the medium. In the presence of serum small increases also occurred in intracellular NAG activity, but only the effect of PGE1 was statistically significant. The prostaglandins did not appreciably affect the previously established pattern of increased intracellular activity of NAG and reduced release produced by sucrose.
Acute Esophageal Necrosis (Black Esophagus): Endoscopic and Histopathologic Appearance
Authors: S. Rejchrt, T. Douda, M. Kopáčová, M. Široký, R. Repák, J. Nožička, J. Špaček, J. Bureš
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Figure 1 A 55-year-old woman in generally poor condition was admitted with life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. At endoscopy a dark diffuse black-greenish appearance was seen in the middle part of the esophagus. The necrotic esophageal mucosa was covered by pseudomembrane (asterisk) that could easily be removed by forceps.
Confocal laser endomicroscopy for characterization of Crohn's disease-associated duodenitis
Authors: G. Hundorfean, A. Agaimy, R. Atreya, J. Mudter, M. Neurath, H. Neumann
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a sophisticated endoscopic imaging technique in the armamentarium of modern endoscopy. By enabling real-time and in vivo visualization of cellular and subcellular details correlating with conventional histology, CLE has had tremendous impact on endoscopic diagnosis [1] [2]. Several studies have described the utility of CLE for in vivo diagnosis of disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as Helicobacter pylori gastritis [3] and gastric metaplasia and cancer [3] [4]. However, currently there are no available data regarding the utility of endomicroscopy for the in vivo diagnosis of Crohn's disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Medicine as a Social Instrument: Organization of Medical Care
Authors: FRANZ GOLDMANN
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE twentieth century began with great prospects for continued progress in scientific medicine and with little public interest in the adaptation of medicine to social needs and uses. Fifty years later the power of science seemed to have no known limits, medicine as science and art had more to offer than ever before and social organization of medical care was an important object of public policy in every civilized country.Events Leading to ChangeThe progress from a laissez-faire attitude to orderly organization of medical care, steadily accelerating during the period 1900 to 1950, was prompted by the rapid advance . . .
Bazex's Syndrome
Authors: Joseph A. Witkowski
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Paraneoplastic acrokeratosis is a specific sign of cancer of the upper airway and upper digestive tract. The distinctive cutaneous changes include erythematous to plum-colored scaly acral lesions, paronychia, nail dysplasia, and keratoderma. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2883-2884)
Coexistence of Pancreatitis and Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: D. J. KURLANDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

Excerpt The coexistence of pancreatitis and hyperparathyroidism appears to be more than coincidental (1-4). Mixter, Keynes, and Cope (4) have noted the importance of pancreatitis as a clue in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism and have recently reviewed the literature consisting of 62 cases. Although it has been stated that surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism usually decreases the frequency of attacks of pancreatitis (1, 4, 5), objective follow-up data on pancreatic function have been sparse. The following case is presented to emphasize the usefulness of the secretin test in objectively assessing the effects of parathyroid surgery on pancreatic function in these patients. CASE
Time course of denervation of efferent sympathetic and vagal nerves after occlusion of the coronary artery in the canine heart.
Authors: H Inoue, D P Zipes
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

To determine the time course of efferent sympathetic denervation after transmural myocardial infarction (TMI) and of efferent vagal denervation after transmural or nontransmural myocardial infarction (NTMI), we measured effective refractory periods (ERP) basal and apical to TMI or NTMI in secobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs. In eight dogs with latex-induced TMI, bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation shortened ERP at all 45 apical and basal test sites before latex injection. After latex injection, ERP shortening was unchanged at all 15 basal sites but was eliminated (less than or equal to 2 msec shortening) at three apical sites in 5-20 minutes and at 14 of 30 apical sites 30-180 minutes after latex injection. At the remaining 13 apical sites, ERP shortening was not eliminated but attenuated significantly in 5-180 minutes. ERP shortening induced by infused norepinephrine (0.20-0.25 microgram/kg/min) did not differ between basal and apical test sites 3-4 hours after latex injection; that is, no supersensitivity occurred. Of six dogs with TMI produced by ligation of multiple coronary arteries without latex injection, ERP shortening induced by efferent sympathetic neural stimulation was eliminated at 10 apical sites in four dogs over a period of 3 hours. At 14 apical sites that did not show denervation in these six dogs, ERP shortening was unchanged. In seven dogs with latex-induced TMI, bilateral vagal stimulation lengthened ERP at all 40 apical and basal test sites before latex injection. Vagally induced ERP lengthening was unchanged at all 13 basal sites after latex injection. ERP lengthening was eliminated (less than or equal to 1 msec lengthening) at four of 27 apical sites in 5-20 minutes and at 13 apical sites 30-180 minutes after latex injection. At the remaining 10 apical sites, ERP lengthening was not eliminated but decreased significantly 3 hours after latex injection. Of nine dogs with ligation-induced NTMI, five dogs showed elimination of vagally induced ERP lengthening at eight apical sites in 3 hours after ligation. ERP lengthening induced by vagal stimulation was unchanged at all 17 basal sites in nine dogs with NTMI. We conclude that TMI produced by latex injection and ligation of multiple coronary arteries produces heterogeneous loss of efferent sympathetic innervation in noninfarcted apical sites as early as 5-20 minutes after coronary occlusion with more complete denervation occurring over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Prostaglandin signaling suppresses beneficial microglial function in Alzheimer’s disease models
Authors: Jenny U. Johansson, Nathaniel S. Woodling, Qian Wang, Maharshi Panchal, Xibin Liang, Angel Trueba-Saiz, Holden D. Brown, Siddhita D. Mhatre, Taylor Loui, Katrin I. Andreasson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, perform critical inflammatory and noninflammatory functions that maintain normal neural function. For example, microglia clear misfolded proteins, elaborate trophic factors, and regulate and terminate toxic inflammation. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, beneficial microglial functions become impaired, accelerating synaptic and neuronal loss. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to microglial dysfunction is an important objective for identifying potential strategies to delay progression to AD. The inflammatory cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2 (COX/PGE2) pathway has been implicated in preclinical AD development, both in human epidemiology studies and in transgenic rodent models of AD. Here, we evaluated murine models that recapitulate microglial responses to Aβ peptides and determined that microglia-specific deletion of the gene encoding the PGE2 receptor EP2 restores microglial chemotaxis and Aβ clearance, suppresses toxic inflammation, increases cytoprotective insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling, and prevents synaptic injury and memory deficits. Our findings indicate that EP2 signaling suppresses beneficial microglia functions that falter during AD development and suggest that inhibition of the COX/PGE2/EP2 immune pathway has potential as a strategy to restore healthy microglial function and prevent progression to AD.
Importance of occupational health services for staff
Authors: P. J. Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Employee health and wellbeing influence whether people work at their peak and are important success factors for individual and organisational performance. For the NHS to consistently deliver the highest quality care to patients, employees must be supported at work by programmes that protect and promote the highest levels of health and wellbeing.1

Occupational health enhances and maintains the health …
THE USE OF O-IODOXYBENZOIC ACID IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS
Authors: A. G. YOUNG
Journal: JAMA (1926)

O-iodoxybenzoic acid and its precursors o-iodbenzoic acid and o-iodosobenzoic acid, were first described by Meyer and his co-workers,<sup>1</sup>in 1892. The action of these substances was first investigated in 1899 by Heinz,<sup>2</sup>who attempted to study the action of nascent iodine in the body by their use. Loevenhart and Grove<sup>3</sup>discussed the preparation and modification of these preparations and studied the effect of sodium iodoxybenzoate on the blood. They found only slight changes following its intravenous administration, marked by a mild polymorphonuclear leukocytosis. Grove and Loevenhart<sup>4</sup>studied the effect of sodium iodosobenzoate and sodium iodoxybenzoate on the respiratory center and concluded that the apnea produced by these compounds was due to the presence of the oxygen combined with the iodine. They also studied the antagonism between sodium iodosobenzoate and hydrocyanic acid in regard to the respiratory center. Arkin<sup>5</sup>studied the germicidal action of the compounds
Sex hormone-binding globulin levels in middle-aged premenopausal women. Associations with visceral obesity and metabolic profile.
Authors: A Tchernof, M J Toth, E T Poehlman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in women are associated not only with hyperinsulinemia, increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes but also with excess body fatness and abdominal obesity. We tested the hypothesis that an elevated total or intra-abdominal adipose tissue accumulation mediates the relationship between low SHBG levels and an altered metabolic profile. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]) and body fat distribution (computed tomography) in 52 middle-aged (46.7 +/- 0.4, mean +/- SEM) premenopausal women. Insulin and glucose responses to a 75-g oral glucose load and plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels were also measured. RESULTS: Low plasma SHBG concentrations were associated with increased total body fat mass (r = -0.41, P &amp;lt; 0.005) and subcutaneous abdominal (r = -0.39, P &amp;lt; 0.005) and intra-abdominal (r = -0.37, P &amp;lt; 0.008) adipose tissue area. Low SHBG was also associated with a greater insulin response to oral glucose (r = -0.40, P &amp;lt; 0.005), higher triglyceride levels (r = -0.29, P &amp;lt; 0.05), higher cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (r = -0.51, P &amp;lt; 0.005), but lower HDL cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.65, P &amp;lt; 0.005). When matched for intra-abdominal fat or total fat mass, subjects with either low or high SHBG showed no difference in the insulin response to an oral glucose challenge. Statistical adjustment for differences in intra-abdominal adipose tissue accumulation or total body fat mass also eliminated the associations between SHBG levels and metabolic variables, with the exception of the association between SHBG and HDL cholesterol levels (r = 0.52, P &amp;lt; 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the previously reported relationship between low SHBG levels and increased metabolic disease risk in women is mediated, to a large extent, by concomitant variation in body fatness and intra-abdominal adipose tissue accumulation.
In vivo biocompatibility and biodegradation of 3D-printed porous scaffolds based on a hydroxyl-functionalized poly(ε-caprolactone)
Authors: Hajar Seyednejad, Debby Gawlitta, Raoul V. Kuiper, Alain de Bruin, Cornelus F. van Nostrum, Tina Vermonden, Wouter J.A. Dhert, Wim E. Hennink
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Physician Practice Competition and Prices Paid by Private Insurers for Office Visits
Authors: Laurence C. Baker, M. Kate Bundorf, Anne B. Royalty, Zachary Levin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Physician practice consolidation could promote higher-quality care but may also create greater economic market power that could lead to higher prices for physician services.To assess the relationship between physician competition and prices paid by private preferred provider organizations (PPOs) for 10 types of office visits in 10 prominent specialties.Retrospective study in 1058 US counties in urbanized areas, representing all 50 states, examining the relationship between measured physician competition and prices paid for office visits in 2010 and the relationship between changes in competition and prices between 2003 and 2010, using regression analysis to control for possible confounding factors.Variation in the mean Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI) of physician practices within a county by specialty (HHIs range from 0, representing maximally competitive markets, to 10,000 in markets served by a single [monopoly] practice).Mean price paid by county to physicians in each specialty by private PPOs for intermediate office visits with established patients (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] code 99213) and a price index measuring the county-weighted mean price for 10 types of office visits with new and established patients (CPT codes 99201-99205, 99211-99215) relative to national mean prices.In 2010, across all specialties studied, HHIs were 3 to 4 times higher in the 90th-percentile county than the 10th-percentile county (eg, for family practice: 10th percentile HHI = 1023 and 90th percentile HHI = 3629). Depending on specialty, mean price for a CPT code 99213 visit was between $70 and $75. After adjustment for potential confounders, depending on specialty, prices at the 90th-percentile HHI were between $5.85 (orthopedics; 95% CI, $3.46-$8.24) and $11.67 (internal medicine; 95% CI, $9.13-$14.21) higher than at the 10th percentile. Including all types of office visits, price indexes at the 90th-percentile HHI were 8.3% (orthopedics; 95% CI, 5.0%-11.6%) to 16.1% (internal medicine; 95% CI, 12.8%-19.5%) higher. Between 2003 and 2010, there were larger price increases in areas that were less competitive in 2002 than in initially more competitive areas.More competition among physicians is related to lower prices paid by private PPOs for office visits. These results may inform work on policies that influence practice competition.