tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ROENTGEN-RAY EXAMINATION OF THE UTERUS AND FALLOPIAN TUBES WITH IODIZED OIL
Authors: E. C. STEINHARTER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The roentgenographic examination of certain hollow organs of the body, by means of material opaque to the roentgen rays, is now an everyday procedure. The employment of the contrast mediums, barium in the gastro-intestinal tract, bromides and iodides in the urinary tract, has put roentgen-ray diagnosis of these parts of the body on a sound basis. More recently, with the aid of iodized oil, it has been found possible to make radiographic studies of the bronchial tubes, and also of the uterus and fallopian tubes. According to Forestier, Portiet of France, in 1923, was the first one to inject iodized oil into the uterine cavity for the purpose of roentgen-ray study. Probably the first published article relating to the subject was by Ferre,<sup>1</sup>in October, 1925, when he reported six cases of uterine fibroma, diagnosed by the roentgen-ray. Heuser<sup>2</sup>of Argentina was the first to employ this method
Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Reducing Antibiotic Consumption and Clostridium difficile rates in a 1000 Bed General Hospital. C Bradley, S Brown, A Foden, D Allison, C Aldridge, J Sloss, L Lim, D Nayar.County Durham and Darlington Foundation Trust, UK
Authors: Caroline Bradley, Stuart Brown, Alwyn Foden, David Allison, Catherine Aldridge, John Sloss, Ling Lim, Deepa Nayar
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
WHAT IS THE FOOD VALUE OF ALCOHOL?.
Authors: E. STUVER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Ititillation of the gastric mucous membrane led to its discharge.If this be true, coagulation of the milk in the stomach is cer- tain, no matter when or how the milk be given.If, however, we grant the possibility of the milk running the gauntlet of gastric juice coagulation and a partial digestion, what assur- ance have we that it would fail to excite the pancreatic secre- tion, by which it would inevitably be coagulated and digested?
Mammography in Medical Practice
Authors: Myron Moskowitz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

REDUCED-DOSE mammography is an important adjunctive clinical tool for detecting and diagnosing small breast cancers. Mammography, aggressively used, will increase the detection of minimal breast cancers substantially. On the other hand, improperly used mammography may add unnecessarily to the patient's body burden of radiation and delay diagnosis of palpable masses. How can we avoid adding unnecessarily to the patient's body burden of radiation? Basically, this can be accomplished by (1) controlling the radiation dose and (2) selecting appropriate patients for mammographic examination. Today the average annual dose absorbed in the midbreast for two-view mammography can be reduced to 1 rad or less. At this level, lifetime annual mammography of a 35-year-old woman could possibly increase her risk of cancer from an expected spontaneous risk of 8% to a total risk of 8.3%. This risk estimate is based on extrapolation from high-dose data,<sup>1,2</sup>and there is a distinct statistical possibility
EVALUATION OF SCROTAL VARICOCELE WITH BLOOD POOL SCINTI-GRAPHY
Authors: Lalitha Ramanna, Alan Waxman, Jae Yoon, Mark Hyun, Cappy Rothman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Ramanna, Lalitha; Waxman, Alan; Yoon, Jae; Hyun, Mark; Rothman, Cappy Author Information
A new method, distribution‐analyzing latex immunoassay (DALIA), to measure specific immunoglobulin G against mite and wheat allergen in human sera
Authors: J. Z. Xu, M. Matsuo, N. Kamiyama, H. Matsushita, Y. Sakai
Journal: Allergy (1994)

A distribution‐analyzing latex immunoassay (DALIA), based on the agglutination of latex particles coupled with mite or wheat allergen, was developed to determine allergen‐specific IgG in human sera. The immune complex between chemically coupled‐allergen latex and specific IgG was agglutinated specifically and efficiently by employing an IgM‐type monoclonal second antibody with strong amplification activity. The extent of agglutination was evaluated by determining the relative ratio of volumes (RV) of agglutinates to residual nonagglutinating particles with a particle counter. This method exhibited a high sensitivity (detection limit ≤ 5 munits/ml) in the determination of allergen‐specific IgG, and no influence of inhibitory factors such as competitive antibodies (specific‐IgA, ‐IgM) and nonspecific IgG (≤320 mg/ml) was observed. The concentrations of specific IgG against mite allergen in the sera of 130 allergy patients with atopic dermatitis and 52 normal subjects were 22.3 ± 12.3 and 16.5 ±4.2 units/ml, respectively, and the concentrations of specific IgG against wheat allergen in the same two groups were 5.4 ± 4.2 and 2.1 ± 2.2 units/ml, respectively. The coefficients of variation of intra‐ and interassay ranged from 3.4% to 11.2% in both cases. The present method is an excellent homogeneous immunoassay which may be used as a routine assay that can measure 50 samples per hour without prior treatment.
Controversies in Rheumatology.
Authors: J. R SEIBOLD
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

Controversies in Rheumatology. Edited by D A Isenberg and L B Tucker. (Pp 180; £49.95). London: Martin Dunitz, 1997. ISBN 1-85317-395-9.

It has been said of cardiology that no medical discipline enjoys such a wealth of high quality data, which in turn are routinely ignored in practice. Rheumatology can be considered the opposite. As a group, we tend to enthusiastically accept preliminary and incomplete data as definitive. The pathogenesis of this optimism is our difficulty as a discipline …
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels contribute to neutrophil chemotaxis during the inflammatory response
Authors: O. Lindemann, D. Umlauf, S. Mally, J. Bertrand, A. Fabian, A. Dietrich, A. Schwab, T. Pap
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leucocytes; PMNs) are one of the earliest cell types to be observed within diseased joints in rheumatoid arthritis and possess a considerable capacity to evoke tissue damage. The recruitment of PMNs to inflamed joints involves a sequence of complex cellular events including directed chemotaxis to the inflammatory site. Owing to the crucial role of Ca2+ transients …
Activation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Is a Central Mechanism of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation
Authors: LUCAS LIAUDET, PÁL PACHER, JON G. MABLEY, LÁSZLÓ VIRÁG, FRANCISCO G. SORIANO, GYÖRGY HASKÓ, CSABA SZABÓ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Recent studies demonstrated that activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) by oxidant-mediated DNA damage is an important pathway of tissue injury in conditions associated with oxidative stress. Using a dual approach of PARP-1 suppression, by genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition with the phenanthridinone PARP inhibitor PJ-34, we now demonstrate an essential role of PARP-1 in the development of pulmonary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PARP-1+ / + and PARP-1− / − mice received an intratracheal instillation of LPS (50 μ g), followed after 24 h by bronchoalveolar lavage to measure the cytokines TNF- α , IL-1 β , and IL-6, the chemokines MIP-1 α and MIP-2, leukocyte counts and myeloperoxidase activity (neutrophil accumulation), protein content (high permeability edema), and nitrite/ nitrate (nitric oxide production). Malondialdehyde (an index of lipid peroxidation) was measured in lung tissue. Similar experiments were conducted in BALB/c mice treated with PJ-34 or vehicle. The absence of functional PARP-1 reduced LPS-induced increases of cytokines and chemokines, alveolar neutrophil accumulation, lung hyperpermeability, NO production, and lipid peroxidation. Histological analysis revealed attenuated lung damage after PARP inhibition. Our findings support a mechanistic role of PARP-1 in the regulation of LPS-induced lung inflammation. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP may be useful in clinical conditions associated with overwhelming lung inflammation.
Surgical Palliation of Hypoplastic Left Side of the Heart
Authors: Glen G. Cayler, Edward A. Smeloff, George E. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Hypoplasia of the left side of the heart is the most common cause of death from heart disease in the first weeks of life and has heretofore been considered surgically unapproachable. Cardiac catheterization of a full-term infant in congestive heart failure at eight days of age revealed a hypoplastic left atrium, left ventricle and ascending aortic arch, without coarctation. Adequate mixing of oxygenated blood was provided through a large atrial septal defect while ventricular output was afforded via a right-to-left shunt through a still patent ductus arteriosus. Partial bypass of the left side of the heart was performed by anastomosis of the ascending aorta to the right pulmonary artery followed by banding of both pulmonary arteries distally. Signs of cardiac failure promptly abated, and the infant's status remained satisfactory six weeks after operation. Infants with clinical signs of this syndrome deserve detailed study to determine their suitability for similar palliative surgery.
VASOCONSTRICTOR ACTIVITY OF TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS—METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS
Authors: MIRIAM MOORE-ROBINSON, GEORGE A. CHRISTIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

A new assay method employing the vasconstrictor activity of topically applied steroids is described. The speed, simplicity and reproducibility of the method as a screening system for large numbers of compounds is stressed. The performance of 6 steroids is presented and the statistically significant superiority of fluclorolone acetonide over betamethasone-17-valerate, fluandrenalone, beclomethasone propionate, flucortolone caproate and flumethasone pivalate clearly demonstrated. Further possible applications of the assay system such as the croton oil test and vasoconstrictor activity occluded and unoccluded are suggested.
Uproar over confidentiality in New Zealand
Authors: C Essex
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the continued impact of pulse oximetry screening (POS) in a regional neonatal unit (NNU) and identify trends in screening outcomes in comparison with our previous experience. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective review of admissions between April 2013 and March 2019 (the current study) and comparison with previously published data (the 2014 study). <h3>Patients</h3> All infants &gt;34 weeks completed gestation admitted to NNU as a result of positive POS. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> Indication for admission, diagnosis, investigations and management. <h3>Results</h3> There were 49 375 livebirths and 253 NNU admissions as a result of positive POS (0.5% of livebirths; compared with 0.8% in 2014). 247/253 (97.6%) of those admitted had a significant diagnosis requiring medical intervention (compared with 79% in 2014) and the proportion of healthy babies (with transitional circulation) admitted decreased from 21% to 2.4%. 22 (9%) babies admitted as a result of a positive POS were found to have a previously undiagnosed congenital heart defect (CHD) of which eight were critical CHDs (CCHDs). This accounted for 73% of all undiagnosed CCHD undergoing POS. The antenatal detection rate of CCHD was 75% compared with 46% in 2014. No baby died or collapsed on the postnatal ward during the study period. The proportion of babies with CCHD identified before discharge improved from 94% to 99%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Routine POS, in addition to antenatal screening and postnatal examination, continues to contribute to the improvement of our overall CCHD detection rates. We have demonstrated an overall reduction in the admission of healthy babies and therefore workload following a positive test.
Why the ex-colonial medical brain drain?
Authors: Peter Chester Arnold
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

The migration of health professionals, especially doctors, from the developing (third) world to the developed (first) world has caused much guilty rumination in the host countries, and lamentation in the donor countries. Accusations of immoral ‘poaching’ have been levied, non-poaching treaties have been proposed and financial compensation has been suggested as a remedy.

In all of this uproar, the doctors concerned have made sporadic attempts, in the correspondence columns of journals like the BMJ and the Lancet, to explain their decisions.1,2 Less thought has been given to the historical background, and indeed the historical inevitability, of this phenomenon.

Researching the migration motives of one group of medical migrants led me, a South African medical graduate who migrated to Australia, to consider what common factors might have led these tens of thousands of doctors to leave home and hearth, family and friends, colleagues and careers.
Transmission of Glomerulonephritis from Host to Human-Kidney Allotransplant
Authors: V. Posborg Petersen, Steen Olsen, F. Kissmeyer-Nielsen, Ole Fjeldborg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN kidney transplantations between identical twins, when the recipient originally suffered from chronic glomerulonephritis, a major cause of late transplant failure has proved to be the development of glomerulonephritis in the transplanted kidney.1 , 2 In patients receiving a kidney allotransplant late failures are mostly due to a chronic allograft reaction in which vascular, not glomerular, lesions are an outstanding feature. Transmission of glomerulonephritis from host to transplant has not hitherto been described in a functioning renal allotransplant. This paper reports the clinical, serologic and pathological findings in a patient in whom glomerulonephritis developed in a kidney transplant received from her mother. . . .
Preliminary safety and efficacy of daclizumab in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe chronic persistent asthma*1
Authors: W.W. Busse, J.W. Baker, B.L. Charous, P. Chervinsky, K.T. Kim, G.N. Gross, P.E. Korenblat, R.S. Shames
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
An in vitro study of the onset of turbulence in the sinus of Valsalva.
Authors: J A Peacock
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

During systole a small portion of the mainstream aortic flow is intercepted by the sinus ridge, or downstream corner of the sinus of Valsalva. This fluid curls back toward the ventricle to form a large eddy, or vortex, that spins within the sinus cavity. The fluid motion within similar recirculating flows is known to be unstable with an early transition to turbulence. The stability of the aortic sinus vortex was examined in the current study in an in vitro pulsatile flow rig. The geometry of the experimental test section was the same as the geometry of the natural aortic root. Different model valves, including a natural valve, were placed in the test section, and different flow conditions were studied. Point velocities were measured by hot film probes placed at two locations within the sinus vortex. The velocity waveforms and their power spectra were used to determine the stability of the sinus flow. The experimental results revealed that the aortic sinus vortex becomes turbulent under simulated exercise conditions. Turbulent intensities were highest near the sinus ridge, which is the location of the coronary ostia. Despite the transition to turbulence within the vortex, the mainstream aortic flow upstream from the valve remained laminar. The turbulence within the vortex was also associated with vibration of the valve leaflets under exercise conditions. These vibrations may be related to the systolic ejection murmurs that are heard clinically. Furthermore, the localized turbulence may explain the location of atherosclerotic lesions and dissecting aneurysms, as well as the distribution of the lesions of bacterial endocarditis.
Hyperamylasaemia after duodenoscopy and retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Authors: G Skude, L Wehlin, T Maruyama, J Ariyama
Journal: Gut (1976)

The salivary and pancreatic isoamylases of serum were determined separately in 234 cases of duodenoscopy and retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Successful pancreatic opacification was associated with pathologically high pancreatic serum amylase activities in 60% of the cases. Extensive opacification was associated with large increases of pancreatic serum isoamylases, the maximal rise recorded was 40 times the initial value. In spite of these striking chemical events only two patients developed clinical acute pancreatitis. There were some variations in pancreatic opacification and in the elevation of pancreatic serum amylase which seemed to depend upon the particular contrast material used. A rise of the salivary serum isoamylases caused pathologically high total serum amylase activities in 7% of the cases. High levels of pancreatic serum isoamylase activity before the time of examination did not result in any different pattern of hyperamylasaemia.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of RHU-EPO to improve platelet count and platelet function in alcoholic cirrhotics with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Monika Homoncik, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Napo Laya, Alfred Gangl, Peter Ferenci, Bernd Jilma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: Joseph P. Szimhart
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Since the late 1960s I have known individuals who have been influenced by TM. Many of them have had resulting sleep disorders, a sense of depersonalization, and dissociative disorders of varying intensity. The article you published on Maharishi Ayur-Veda<sup>1</sup>sent up a number of inflated and magical balloons that advertised many unsubstantiated claims. The references in the article show the system to be mainly self-validating. Much of the "scientific" material I have read supporting TM is based on nonfalsifiable assumptions like Maharishi's idiotic extrapolations from "unified field" theories. Please help your readers, and my clients, pop these TM balloons. A bit of sharp, critical analysis is suggested. <h3>Disclosure.</h3> —Mr Szimhart reports that he has worked as a paid consultant to victims of the TM cult in the past few years.
The purinergic P2Z receptor of human macrophage cells. Characterization and possible physiological role.
Authors: S Falzoni, M Munerati, D Ferrari, S Spisani, S Moretti, F Di Virgilio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We have investigated responses of human monocyte/macrophage cells to extracellular ATP (ATPe). Freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes showed responses linked to P2Y but not P2Z purinergic receptors; however, during in vitro macrophage differentiation, these cells also exhibited responses suggestive of the presence of the membrane-permeabilizing P2Z receptor. In fact, in human macrophages a brief (15-min) exposure to ATPe, but not other nucleotides, caused (1) a rapid and long-lasting plasma membrane depolarization; (2) a large increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration followed by efflux of the Ca2+ indicator; (3) uptake of low molecular weight hydrophilic molecules such as Lucifer yellow and ethidium bromide; and (4) cell rounding, swelling, and eventual release of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. rIFN-gamma enhanced both membrane-permeabilizing and cytotoxic ATPe effects. Membrane permeabilization and cytotoxicity were fully blocked by pretreatment of the cells with oxidized ATP, a compound recently shown to block P2Z receptors covalently in macrophages. Blocking of the P2Z receptor by oxidized ATP also inhibited multinucleated giant cell generation stimulated by concanavalin A or rIFN-gamma without decreasing monocyte migration or membrane adhesion molecule expression. These data suggest that human macrophages express rIFN-gamma-modulated purinergic P2Z receptors in vitro and hint at a role for these plasma membrane molecules in the generation of macrophage polykarions.
Abstract LB-259: Knockdown of slingshot2 serine phosphatase induces caspase3 activation in human carcinoma cell lines with the loss of the Birt-Hogg-Dubé tumor suppressor gene
Authors: Xiaohong Lu, Uncaar Boora, Janine Fenton, Anne Reiman, Laurence Seebra, Eamonn R. Maher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) Syndrome, is a dominantly familial cancer syndrome associated with susceptibility to renal cancer carcinoma (RCC) caused by inactivating mutations in the folliculin (FLCN) gene. The precise functions of the FLCN gene product are still under investigation but RCC from BHD patients show loss of the wild type allele consistent with a tumour suppressor gene function. In search for potential synthetic-lethal targets for FLCN using a phosphatase siRNA library screen approach, we found that knockdown of SSH2 serine phosphatase (one of the three members of Slingshot family and actively involved in Actin reorganization) specifically induced caspase 3/7 activity in a dose-dependent manner (up to 6 fold increase, 10nM, 72hrs) in two human cell lines (BHD-origin renal cell carcinoma UOK-257 and thyroid carcinoma FTC-133) with loss of FLCN expression, but not in their folliculin expressing isogenic cell lines. SSH2 siRNA-induced knockdown was verified by real-time PCR (up to 60% reduction in SSH2 transcripts, 10nM siRNA, 48hrs), but SSH1 and SSH3 transcripts were increased up to 3 fold (suggesting a compensatory regulatory mechanism among members of SSH family). Further investigation of the underlining mechanism of caspase induction by SSH2 knockdown in FLCN-null cells exhibited that there was a dose-dependent increase in G1 cell population (up to 20% increase, 20nM SSH2 siRNA, 72hrs). Combination treatment of SSH2 + SSH1 siRNAs, but not SSH2 + SSH3 siRNAs potentiated induction of caspase 3 activity and G1 cell cycle arrest. These data indicate that apoptotic cell death in FLCN-null cells can be triggered by SSH2 knockdown through G1 arrest and provide a tool to develop potential therapeutic agents for BHD patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-259. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-259
Unusual cutaneous lesions in two patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection
Authors: Robert Colebunders, Katrien Depraetere, Thomas Verstraeten, Julian Lambert, Esther Hauben, Eric Van Marck, Toby Maurer, Anne-Laure Bañuls, Jean-Claude Dujardin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)