tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS ON EXPERIMENTAL SHOCK
Authors: R. L. Holt, A. D. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1934)

Whilst the theory of traumatic toxaemia has been accepted in this country as providing the most reasonable explanation of the condition recognized by surgeons as secondary shock, a body of experimental research, which seems to discount this theory completely, has been pro duced in America during the past few years by a number of workers.5 * 9 14 The still earlier theories have been generally discarded, since they fail to account for the diminution in the volume of the circulating blood, a diminution which Keith1 emphasized and which is now generally admitted to be the outstanding feature of this type of shock. The theory of traumatic toxaemia arose from the observations of the Special Investigation Com mittee appointed by the Medical Research Council in 1917. Its reports were published officially,2 and, later, Cannon summarized the work in his monograph,3 in which he also shows that the other theories of the aetiology of shock are untenable. Shock was usually produced by traumatizing one of the posterior extremities of cats. The low blood pressure which resulted from such trauma was found to occur whether or not the nerves to the limb or the spinal cord had been severed prior to the damage. The amount of swelling due to loss of plasma or blood into the traumatized area was not believed to be sufficient in itself to account for the fall in the blood pressure. Further, it was found that by clamping the main artery and vein to the limb before trauma was applied collapse of the circulation was delayed until the clamps were removed. It was assumed that a depressor substance was liberated in the damaged tissues and that the fall in blood pressure was due to the absorption of this substance into the general circulation, on which it acted.
RATE OF BLOOD FLOW IN PATIENTS RECEIVING DINITROPHENOL
Authors: HAROLD ROSENBLUM
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Blumgart and his co-workers 1 have shown the close relationship that exists between the height of the metabolic rate and the velocity of the blood flow. This relationship was demonstrated on hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients with the use of the radium method 2 for the determination of the speed of the flow of blood. These observations were abundantly confirmed by Tarr, Oppenheimer and Sager 3 and by Gargill, 3a who used the sodium dehydrocholate method 4 in studying circulation time.  The conception that the amount of work done by the heart is partly determined by the metabolic rate has been substantiated and clinically applied in recent years. It has become a well established fact that when serious heart disease is associated with hyperthyroidism the cardiac embarrassment is grossly aggravated when the level of the metabolism is high and is much improved when the metabolic rate is lowered. 5 This improvement
Uninsured Tax Breaks
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Peter Wilmshurst replies to Jonathan Gornall
Authors: P. Wilmshurst
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Jonathan Gornall has tried to clarify the issues in the MIST trial and NMT Medical’s libel action against me, but he has made some errors.1

His statement that “the trial ran from January to July 2005” is taken from NMT’s particulars of claim and is wrong. NMT now concedes in the company’s reply to my defence that the clinical phase was from “November 2004 to early 2006.”

Gornall states that my finding of a high residual shunt rate “seemed to contradict clinical experience with the device, including a 2006 study that had reviewed outcomes in 42 cases in which atrial septal defects had been repaired with STARFlex and found complete closure in 39 (93%) ….”2 The letter before claim from NMT’s lawyers also makes that argument, but …
Pituitary-Thyroid Function in Pendred's Syndrome
Authors: A. Gomez-Pan, D. C. Evered, R. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Pendred9s syndrome is reported in three siblings. All were euthyroid, with large goitres and deaf mutism and all had an unusual deposition of pigment in the retina. All had raised circulating levels of triiodothyronine (T-3) and an exaggerated response of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH). It appears that their compensated euthyroid state was maintained by the raised T-3 levels. We suggest that preferential T-3 production is maintained by increased TSH secretion in subjects with intrathyroidal iodine deficiency secondary to thyroid organification defect.
Risk: The Science and Politics of Fear
Authors: K. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

When you suggest that there is a big or a small risk of an event occurring, how often do you really explain what you mean? More fundamentally, how often do you know what you mean? As the journalist Dan Gardner points out in his incisive book, the “gut” and the “head”’ can estimate risk in different ways.

In his deconstruction of several recent scare stories Gardner outlines some of the major drivers of the response of individuals and society to risk. One is the very human tendency to form a narrative from sequential events no matter how tenuous the connection. Studies of emotive and memorable cases such as a …
Pattern of tracheal colonization during mechanical ventilation.
Authors: F J de Latorre, T Pont, A Ferrer, J Rosselló, M Palomar, M Planas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The relationship between gastric (GC) and tracheal (TC) colonization and the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains controversial. TC, GC, and pharyngeal (PC) colonization were studied serially in 80 patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) to ascertain the routes and onset of TC. Simultaneous sample from pharynx, stomach, and trachea were obtained throughout the MV period. Quantitative cultures were performed. Seventy-two patients (90%) had TC at some time during MV. Only 19 patients presented TC after PC or GC by the same microorganisms. Indigenous gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms colonized mainly the trachea from the start of or during MV without previous PC or GC (p < 0.05). Pseudomonas were the microorganisms causing TC principally during MV without previous PC or GC (p < 0.005). Enterobacteria produced TC without a preferential route. Of the 12 patients who developed VAP, the microorganisms responsible had already colonized the trachea in 10 patients. Only 10 of the 21 microorganisms isolated in VAP had previously colonized the pharynx or stomach. In summary, although some microorganisms have preferential routes for producing TC, the microorganisms isolated frequently change during MV. TC precedes VAP in most patients, but only a minority develop a VAP; therefore, together with TC other factors must be involved in VAP development.
"Wear and Tear" Protein-Reply
Authors: Arthur J. Merrill
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Wishnofsky is correct in that "wear-and-tear protein" is not scientific terminology but rather a figure of speech, and the amount of protein does not refer to an irreducible minimum with a diet which contains any protein. Gamble showed in studies of a week's duration that the protein-sparing action of more than 100 gm. of carbohydrate was negligible. However, Kolff found that after 12 to 20 days on a Borst diet, patients did have a slow reduction in nitrogen excretion, indicating a diminution in protein breakdown and an increase in protein-sparing action (probably mostly by carbohydrate) beyond the amount found by Gamble in his short-term experiments. A proteinfree diet, as Doctor Wishnofsky points out, would be of value in cases of<i>acute</i>renal failure but not in chronic cases, except in brief acute exacerbations.
Double blind randomised controlled trial of effect of metoprolol on myocardial ischaemia during endoscopic cholangiopancreatography
Authors: J. Rosenberg, H. Overgaard, M. Andersen, V. Rasmussen, S. Schulze
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the effect of metoprolol, a ß adrenergic blocking drug, on the occurrence of myocardial ischaemia during endoscopic cholangiopancreatography. <b>Design</b>: Double blind, randomised, controlled trial. <b>Setting</b>: University Hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 38 (two groups of 19) patients scheduled for endoscopic cholangiopancreatography. <b>Interventions</b>: Metoprolol 100 mg or placebo as premedication two hours before endoscopy. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation by continuous pulse oximetry, ST segment changes during endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (an ST segment deviation &gt;1 mV was defined as myocardial ischaemia), electrocardiogram monitored continuously with a Holter tape recorder. <b>Results</b>: All patients had increased heart rate during endoscopy compared with rate before endoscopy, but heart rate during endoscopy was significantly lower in the metoprolol group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.0002). Twenty one patients (16 placebo, 5 metoprolol; P = 0.0008) developed tachycardia (heart rate &gt; 100/min) during the procedure, and 11 patients (10 placebo, 1 metoprolol; P = 0.003) developed myocardial ischaemia. One patient in the placebo group had an acute inferolateral myocardial infarction. In the 10 other patients with signs of myocardial ischaemia during endoscopy the ST deviation disappeared when the endoscope was retracted. In all patients myocardial ischaemia was related to increases in heart rate, and 10 of the 11 patients had tachycardia coherent with myocardial ischaemia. <b>Conclusions</b>: Metoprolol prevented myocardial ischaemia during endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, probably through lowering the heart rate. Thus, tachycardia seems to be a key pathogenic factor in the development of myocardial ischaemia during endoscopy. <h3>Key messages</h3> Metoprolol prevented myocardial ischaemia during endoscopy Myocardial ischaemia was related to tachycardia more than to concomitant hypoxaemia Tachycardia seems to be a key pathogenic factor in the development of myocardial ischaemia during endoscopy
Poetry and Medicine
Authors: Lowell Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optimal pacing and sensing lead systems for implantable hybrid pacemaker-cardioverter-defibrillators
Authors: Ryszard B. Kral, Sanjeev Saksena, Nicholas G. Tallo, Sardul Singh, Amarkanth Saxena, Ravindra Karanam, Isaac Gielchinsky, Edward Burkhardt, Margaret Gordon, Debra Hibbard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Survival After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Gerald A. Hofkin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation was studied in 78 cases. The long-term survival rate of 12% was double that of a previous report from this same hospital. Training of nursing personnel in resuscitation fundamentals appeared as one factor in the improved survival. Postresuscitation critiques allowed detection of errors in technique. It was found that diagnosis of primary respiratory arrest was obscured by early use of mechanical ventilators. Use of mouth-to-mouth or bag breathing during the early resuscitation efforts helped overcome this problem.
Medical Education in Relation to Rural Health
Authors: Dwight O'Hara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

WHETHER medical schools accept, or have thrust upon them, outside responsibilities extending beyond the mere provision of four years of undergraduate training, they can by no means control the type of medical practice later to be undertaken by their graduates. The phrase medical education, as used in this title, therefore should not confine itself to activities under the domination of medical schools. Nor can the rural health of the present title refer alone to something that is dependent on the availability of medical services in the sparsely settled regions; rural health is not essentially different from other kinds, and . . .
More carrot or more stick or both?
Authors: P. ORMEROD
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Richard Coker describes how a system, with a substantial coercive component even for non-infectious patients, evolved in New York based on a perception of risk which was perhaps fuelled by media hype.1 The reasons why such a system came about can, however, be appreciated from the state of tuberculosis control—or perhaps non-control—in New York in the early 1990s.

Due to a series of cuts in health funding, routine drug sensitivity testing had been stopped, support systems were slashed, and in some areas only about 10% of patients completed treatment.2 By 1992 33% of isolates were drug resistant, including 26% to isoniazid, and the rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) was 19%.3 The expenditure in New York alone of $750 million (£500 million) with an extensive directly observed therapy (DOT) programme had reduced the MDRTB rate to 13% in 1994.4 

In England and Wales tuberculosis notifications fell progressively until 1987, with a rise between 1987 and 1992 of some 20%5 to around 6000 cases a year. Drug resistance levels had remained low between 1981 and 19926 with a stable MDRTB rate of 0.6%. There has, however, been a …
Bullying Girls – Changes after Brief Strategic Family Therapy: A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Trial with One-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Marius Nickel, Johannes Luley, Jakub Krawczyk, Cerstin Nickel, Christoph Widermann, Claas Lahmann, Moritz Muehlbacher, Petra Forthuber, Christian Kettler, Peter Leiberich, Karin Tritt, Ferdinand Mitterlehner, Patrick Kaplan, Francisco Pedrosa Gil, Wolfhardt Rother, Thomas Loew
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

Many girls bully others. They are conspicuous because of their risk-taking behavior, increased anger, problematic interpersonal relationships and poor quality of life. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of brief strategic family therapy (BSFT) for bullying-related behavior, anger reduction, improvement of interpersonal relationships, and improvement of health-related quality of life in girls who bully, and to find out whether their expressive aggression correlates with their distinctive psychological features.40 bullying girls were recruited from the general population: 20 were randomly selected for 3 months of BSFT. Follow-up took place 12 months after the therapy had ended. The results of treatment were examined using the Adolescents' Risk-taking Behavior Scale (ARBS), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-D), and the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36).In comparison with the control group (CG) (according to the intent-to-treat principle), bullying behavior in the BSFT group was reduced (BSFT-G from n = 20 to n = 6; CG from n = 20 to n = 18, p = 0.05) and statistically significant changes in all risk-taking behaviors (ARBS), on most STAXI, IIP-D, and SF-36 scales were observed after BSFT. The reduction in expressive aggression (Anger-Out scale of the STAXI) correlated with the reduction on several scales of the ARBS, IIP-D, and SF-36. Follow-up a year later showed relatively stable events.Our findings suggest that bullying girls suffer from psychological and social problems which may be reduced by the use of BSFT. Expressive aggression in girls appears to correlate with several types of risk-taking behavior and interpersonal problems, as well as with health-related quality of life.
Intracerebral infusion of an EGFR-targeted toxin in recurrent malignant brain tumors
Authors: John H. Sampson, Gamal Akabani, Gerald E. Archer, Mitchel S. Berger, R. Edward Coleman, Allan H. Friedman, Henry S. Friedman, Kim Greer, James E. Herndon, Sandeep Kunwar, Roger E. McLendon, Alison Paolino, Neil A. Petry, James M. Provenzale, David A. Reardon, Terence Z. Wong, Michael R. Zalutsky, Ira Pastan, Darell D. Bigner
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

The purpose of this study is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and intracerebral distribution of a recombinant toxin (TP-38) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor in patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors using the intracerebral infusion technique of convection-enhanced delivery (CED). Twenty patients were enrolled and stratified for dose escalation by the presence of residual tumor from 25 to 100 ng/ml in a 40-ml infusion volume. In the last eight patients, coinfusion of 123I-albumin was performed to monitor distribution within the brain. The MTD was not reached in this study. Dose escalation was stopped at 100 ng/ml due to inconsistent drug delivery as evidenced by imaging the coinfused 123I-albumin. Two DLTs were seen, and both were neurologic. Median survival after TP-38 was 28 weeks (95% confidence interval, 26.5–102.8). Of 15 patients treated with residual disease, two (13.3%) demonstrated radiographic responses, including one patient with glioblastoma multiforme who had a nearly complete response and remains alive >260 weeks after therapy. Coinfusion of 123I-albumin demonstrated that high concentrations of the infusate could be delivered >4 cm from the catheter tip. However, only 3 of 16 (19%) catheters produced intraparenchymal infusate distribution, while the majority leaked infusate into the cerebrospinal fluid spaces. Intracerebral CED of TP-38 was well tolerated and produced some durable radiographic responses at doses ⩽100 ng/ml. CED has significant potential for enhancing delivery of therapeutic macromolecules throughout the human brain. However, the potential efficacy of drugs delivered by this technique may be severely constrained by ineffective infusion in many patients.
Abstract 4856: Survivin packaging into exosomes is lipid raft-dependent
Authors: Malyn May Asuncion Valenzuela, Heather R. Ferguson Bennit, Carlos Joel Diaz Osterman, Salma Khan, Carlos Casiano, Nathan R. Wall
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We have shown that Survivin is exported out of the cancer cell via exosomes despite its lack of a secretory signaling peptide. However, the mechanism of Survivin exosomal loading is not yet known. Exosomal protein sorting can be endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent or ESCRT-independent. ESCRT dependent protein sorting requires monoubiquitination of the target protein, which serves as an exosome sorting signal. The ESCRT independent mechanism is through preferential aggregation of the proteins which is based on intrinsic physical properties to lipid-rafts present in exosomes. Our lab has recently shown that exosomal Survivin is associated with both Hsp70 and Hsp90, as well as PRDX1 which have also been shown associated with detergent-resistant lipid rafts. Here, we determine whether Survivin is lipid-raft dependent and whether Hsp70 and Hsp90 and/or PRDX1 are required for exosomal Survivin loading. Exosomes were collected from conditioned media taken from HeLaS cells and isolated by centrifugation. Colocalizations of Survivin with Hsp70, Hsp90 and PRDX1 in the cell and exosomes were detected by immnocytochemistry visualized by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation. HeLaS cells were treated with increasing concentrations of methyl-β-cyclodextrin to disrupt lipid rafts as a way to determine protein lipid raft association. Hsp70, Hsp90 and PRDX1 knock-down using siRNAs will be accomplished to verify the requirement of these proteins for Survivin exosome loading and lipid-raft dependents. Here we show that Survivin colocalizes with Hsp70, Hsp90 and PRDX1 in HeLaS cells as well as their exosomes. Increasing concentrations of methyl-β-cyclodextrin disrupts lipid rafts in the HeLaS cells and releases exosomes which also subsequently contain decreasing PRDX1 and Survivin protein amounts. The release of Survivin into the tumor microenvironment is an important finding as this IAP may contribute to the aggressiveness of the cancer as well as the development of chemoresistance. Despite lacking a secretory signaling peptide, Survivin is being released into the extracellular space via exosomes using chaperones. Knowing how Survivin is exosomally packaged may prove useful in selecting patient specific treatment regimens. Citation Format: Malyn May Asuncion Valenzuela, Heather R. Ferguson Bennit, Carlos Joel Diaz Osterman, Salma Khan, Carlos Casiano, Nathan R. Wall. Survivin packaging into exosomes is lipid raft-dependent. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4856. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4856
The Perisplenic Halo of Ga-67 Citrate A Sign of Perisplenic Abscess
Authors: STEVEN M. SMITH, CHAN H. PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Two cases are presented which display a scintigraphic picture of increased Ga-67 activity around the spleen with a relative photon deficient center. We call this pattern the perisplenic halo of Ga-67, which represents a perisplenic abscess. The anatomy of the perisplenic compartment and the possible pitfalls in diagnosing the perisplenic halo are discussed within the paper.