tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LOCALIZATION AND FATE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN HEMATOGENOUS PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Jay P. Sanford, Betty W. Hunter, Paul Donaldson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

1. Hematogenous E. coli pyelonephritis was produced in rats. The localization of the organisms and the persistence of bacterial antigens was followed by fluorescent antibody techniques as well as by standard histological and bacteriological methods. 2. Salient sequential features were as follows: Single organisms passed through vessel walls into the renal interstitium and began multiplication and subsequently evoked a leucocytic response. Bacterial multiplication did not occur in glomeruli or renal tubular cells. Bacteria did not appear within renal tubular lumina until microabscesses were well developed in the renal interstitium. Bacteriuria appeared late and represented secondary invasion rather than filtration of organisms. The infection healed spontaneously but, while sterile, the parenchymal scars contained large amounts of residual bacterial antigen. The persistence of bacterial antigen did not result in continuing inflammatory changes or progressive scarring. 3. The persistence of bacterial antigens is postulated to constitute a major antigenic stimulus responsible for active immunity in experimental hematogenous pyelonephritis.
Effects of posture on cardiac autonomic nervous activity in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Shoichi Miyamoto, Masatoshi Fujita, Hiroyuki Sekiguchi, Yoshiaki Okano, Noritoshi Nagaya, Kinzo Ueda, Shun-ichi Tamaki, Ryuji Nohara, Shigeru Eiho, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Brittle diabetes in the elderly
Authors: O M P Jolobe, N Khin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Dr Benbow and her colleagues (November 2001 JRSM, pp. 578-580) draw attention to the fact that ‘chronic, nondiabetic medical disease’ could be a contributory factor to instability in elderly patients, brittle diabetes being in some instances characterized by recurrent hypoglycaemia. Unrecognized coeliac disease proved to be one such chronic disorder in a woman who in 1963 was diagnosed with diabetes at the age of 21, being stabilized on lente insulin from March 1964. During the subsequent 37 years she had had four distinct episodes of microcytic and/or hypochromic anaemia, responsive to iron supplements, but barium studies, undertaken in 1984, failed to reveal the underlying cause. Recurrent hypoglycaemic episodes, associated with what was thought to be infective diarrhoea, occasioned an admission in September 1990, and the bowel symptoms subsequently remitted spontaneously. When the hypoglycaemic episodes recurred in March 2001 (her body weight being 48.8 kg at the time), further investigations showed that she had coexisting coeliac disease. Coexisting colorectal disease was ruled out by barium enema and colonoscopy. After eight months of a gluten-free diet she had gained weight and her haemoglobin had risen from 8.5 to 13.7 g/dL. In that time there had been no recurrence of hypoglycaemic episodes.

This case history resonates with a report by Bhattacharyya and others1 of a woman with coeliac disease and brittle diabetes whose recurrent hypoglycaemia was ameliorated by adherence to a gluten-free diet. Although the onset of coeliac disease was possibly during young adulthood in the present case, the fact that 19% of patients with adult coeliac disease could be in the > 60 age group2 should alert us to the possibility of an association with diabetes in old age as well. Furthermore, in the presence of otherwise unexplained brittle diabetes, the coexistence of iron-deficiency anaemia should heighten suspicion, since this haematinic deficiency is the commonest extraintestinal manifestation of coeliac disease3.
HELIOTHERAPY IN RELATION TO THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE SPINE IN CHILDREN
Authors: RALPH K. GHORMLEY
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This paper is based on the observation of sixty-three cases of tuberculosis of the spine at the New England Peabody Home for Crippled Children in Newton Center, Mass. This institution was founded in 1894, and was long under the direction of the late Dr. Robert W. Lovett, who there began the use of heliotherapy and the outdoor treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis in 1913. Thus, it may claim to be one of the poineers in this work in the United States. In spite of the rigorous and at times none too salubrious climate of New England, we feel that we have been able to give that community something worth while in the way of results, and this fact is well attested by the number of applications for admission to the home. It has grown rapidly, and is in need of further construction to take care of the patients in
Carrier detection for hemophilia B: Evaluation of multiple polymorphic sites
Authors: G. Mariani, A. Chistolini, H. J. Hassan, E. Gallo, Gu Xigen, M. Papacchini, T. Di Paolantonio, A. Fantoni
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract DNA analysis was performed in families with hemophilia B. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) produced by endonucleases Taql, Xmnl, and Ddel were studied by two factor IX genomic probes, F9(Vlll) and F9(Xlll). Fifty‐seven subjects from ten families were investigated; of them, 31 were carriers (11 obligate and 20 potential). Of the potential carriers, ten displayed laboratory features allowing for a phenotypic diagnosis of heterozygosity. Segregation analysis of the markers was informative in 19/20 potential carriers, which belong to nine of the ten studied families. Among the potential carriers, Taql allowed the carriership assessment in 15 (78.9%), Xmnl in 15 (94.7%), and Ddel in two (10.4%). Diagnosis was not possible in one family since a homozygosity in the key individuals with all the employed enzymes (Taql, Xmnl, Ddel, + BamHI) was found. Hemophilia B syndrome in two families likely results from a new mutation. In one family, a first‐trimester prenatal diagnosis was performed. The use of RFLP analysis allowed us to improve genetic counseling as compared with the phenotypic evaluation by clotting factor assays. Indeed, evaluation of RFLP increased by 26% the carriership assessment of the potential carriers of the hemophilia B trait.
Colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: R Kochhar, S K Mehta
Journal: Gut (1987)

Intense synaptic activity may alter the response properties of neurons in highly interconnected networks. Here we investigate whether the excitability and the intrinsic response properties of neurons in the spinal cord are affected by the increased synaptic conductance during functional network activity. Scratch episodes were induced by mechanical stimulation in the isolated carapace-spinal cord preparation from the adult turtle. Intracellular recordings revealed a dramatic increase in synaptic activity in interneurons and motoneurons during scratch activity. Superimposed slow depolarizing waves were phase-related to the rhythmic bouts of spike activity in the hip flexor nerve. The increase in synaptic conductance in interneurons and motoneurons varied with the scratch rhythm. During individual episodes, the conductance shifted smoothly with the scratch rhythm from near-resting levels to levels two to four times higher. In slice experiments, we found that even moderate increases in the conductance of motoneurons suppressed the slow afterhyperpolarization and the plateau potentials. We conclude that the excitability and the intrinsic response properties of spinal neurons are periodically quenched by high synaptic conductance during functional network activity.
Evaluation of urine biomarkers of kidney injury in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Chirag R. Parikh, Neera K. Dahl, Arlene B. Chapman, James E. Bost, Charles L. Edelstein, Diane M. Comer, Raoul Zeltner, Xin Tian, Jared J. Grantham, Stefan Somlo
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Immunosuppression for Myocarditis
Authors: William J. McKenna, Michael J. Davies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The diagnosis of acute myocarditis has been a conundrum. One criterion is the clinical picture of the sudden onset of cardiac failure and arrhythmias, often associated with a febrile illness; the other criterion is a myocardial-biopsy specimen that shows a specified degree of myocyte damage and infiltration by T lymphocytes. Regrettably, the concordance between the clinical and histologic diagnoses is poor, possibly because the clinical diagnosis is wrong or the histologic criteria used by pathologists are inappropriate. Either way, the clinician is left in a quandary about how to treat patients with the recent onset of heart failure of uncertain . . .
Does Densitometry Have a Predictive Role in Osteoporosis? Studies May Give Answer
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

BONE MINERAL desitometry— measuring the thickness of various parts of the human skeleton to predict the risk of fracture in persons who may have osteoporosis—was big news in the United States a few years ago. Recently, speakers at the annual meeting of the American College of Physicians (ACP) in San Francisco, Calif, estimated that few of the 800 or so of the various instruments that have been purchased for this purpose are in regular operation. Chances are, those that aren't gathering dust until physicians know the predictive value of densitometry are being used in the two major trials now under way to determine—what is the predictive value of densitometry? The procedure has become controversial, not because anyone thinks that measuring a man's or, much more often, a woman's bone mass will do any harm, but because there is so little consensus as to whether it will do any good. At
A Crack in Forever
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Fiction Does this plot sound a bit familiar? Two exceptional young people fall passionately in love only to discover that one of them has contracted an incurable illness. In the new novel<i>A Crack in Forever</i>, the disease is AIDS, "an illness that will creep or crush, but either way, it heads in singular directions." Eric Moro is a handsome, brilliant, and vivacious medical student (is there any other kind?) who also works part-time as a nude model, saves the life of a swimmer by performing CPR, and is a whiz at dissection in the gross anatomy lab. He becomes involved in a torrid love affair with Alexandra Taylor, an attractive (of course) and gifted artist who later decides to become a skywriter and eventually enters law school. Unfortunately, Eric has unknowingly contracted AIDS from sharing an infected needle while trying heroin when he was 17 and dies at
Effect of propranolol on plasma concentrations of HDL apoprotein and lipid.
Authors: P Hooper
Journal: BMJ (1979)

been evaluating evening primrose oil in dye-free capsules in 14 patients with long-lasting MS, all of whom displayed pyramidal, cerebellar, and posterior column signs and symptoms.They were clinically relatively stable and no patient had had an obvious relapse in the year before starting evening primrose oil.They were assessed clinically using the Kurtzke disability score.Fine motor control was assessed using the B-M manual dexterity test, which involves putting small pins into holes in 60 seconds.Grip strength was assessed by a dynamometer.All the patients had had previous experience with the tests.Eight patients received four 0-6 ml evening primrose oil capsules/
CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SERUM PROTEINS IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGIC SERA: THE DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEIN-BOUND CARBOHYDRATE AND CHOLESTEROL, SIDEROPHILIN, THYROXIN-BINDING PROTEIN, B12-BINDING PROTEIN, ALKALINE AND ACID PHOSPHATASES, RADIOIODINATED ALBUMIN AND MYELOMA PROTEINS
Authors: John L. Fahey, Patricia F. McCoy, Mehran Goulian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)
Factors Predicting the Presence of Neurotic Symptoms
Authors: A.C.P. Sims
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

It is reckoned that on the basis of this study it is possible to predict long term the symptomatic state in neurosis with some degree of accuracy. Early environment, the presence and nature of precipitating factors, social factors and the course during hospital treatment, are the most reliable predictors. Symptoms complained of, and diagnosis, were not found to be significant predictors of symptomatic state at follow-up. There is a correlation between the symptomatic state at follow-up and the social state. The two may be used to assess the total outcome in neurosis at long term follow-up.
Acute medicine needs better standards to guide development of the specialty
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>OBJECTIVE:</h3> To primarily describe both smoking pattern in the youth population and a comparison with the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in 2001-2002. <h3>METHODS:</h3> The standard 2-stage methodology and a cross-sectional design were used to select randomly a representative sample of intermediate schools, classes, and students from all regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January to June 2007. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Comparing results with the 2001 GYTS, the prevalence of ever and current smoking, use of other tobacco products, and initiation of smoking by never smokers in the next year increased among males, but with improvement in the students9 knowledge and attitudes towards smokers. The second-hand tobacco smoke items were not distinguished, however, one or both parent smokers increased by 6% over 6 years. Media anti-smoking messages and awareness improved, however, the widespread display and proliferation of items with a cigarette brand logo on it, encourages participants to buy more cigarettes. Teaching hazards of smoking to students improved, however, the reasons why people of their age smoke were not discussed interactively. Females less than 18 years of age (minors) were not denied cigarette purchase compared to male participants of the same age. <h3>CONCLUSION:</h3> The National Tobacco Control Programs is apparently working effectively but differentially against smoking. The program needs to be evaluated systematically and accordingly and intensified further to reduce smoking among youths in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Sporadic Cases of Legionnaires' Disease: The Expanding Clinical Spectrum
Authors: DAVID W. GREGORY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

An analysis of seven sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease confirmed clinical features recorded during epidemics and identified aspects of the illness either unreported or not emphasized. Four patients had central nervous system abnormalities. Mental status changes included somnolence, obtundation, delirium, disorientation, and confusion. Three patients experienced visual hallucinations, and one patient without pneumonia had a grand mal seizure with residual memory deficit. Two patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation with thrombocytopenia, elevated split fibrin products, and prolonged partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times. Four patients had severe hypoxia; one patient had an exudative pleuritis. One patient whose treatment included erythromycin had radiologic improvement of his pneumonia despite deteriorating ventilatory function that led to death. The concept of Legionnaires' disease as a severe, diagnostically perplexing pneumonic illness is valid but too narrow. The emerging spectrum is that of a multisystem disease that, besides the lungs, often involves the central nervous system and can be accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Experiences of stigmatization play a role in mediating the impact of disease severity on quality of life in psoriasis patients
Authors: D. Vardy, A. Besser, M. Amir, B. Gesthalter, A. Biton, D. Buskila
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Psoriasis may have a severe impact on patients' quality of life (QOL) in several ways, an impact mediated by the mental or physical difficulties they have to deal with during the course of the disease and the various treatment regimens. In addition, psoriatic patients often suffer from experiences of stigmatization (EOS) related to the disease. Objectives This study was designed to test the hypotheses that psoriasis patients report higher levels of stigmatization than a comparison group, and that their EOS play a role in mediating the impact of the severity of psoriasis on their QOL. Methods One hundred patients with psoriasis (study group) and 100 patients with mixed skin problems (comparison group) were matched according to age, sex and education. All subjects answered questionnaires on EOS and QOL. A dermatologist diagnosed the diseases and measured severity scores. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score was used for psoriasis and a linear severity score for the comparison patients. The mediating effect of EOS was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). SEM is a multivariate statistical method used to examine the consistency of a theory relating one group of variables (termed a 'latent construct') to another: in the present study, the relationship between EOS and QOL. Results Psoriatic patients were found to report significantly higher levels of EOS related to the disease, compared with the comparison group. No significant differences were found regarding QOL or severity of disease. Clinical severity of psoriasis was found to correlate negatively with QOL in psoriasis patients. EOS were found to have a complete mediating effect for the severity of disease on the QOL in patients with psoriasis. This result was not found among the comparison group patients. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that psoriasis patients experience higher levels of stigmatization than do other dermatological patients, and that these EOS mediate the association between disease severity and patients' reported low levels of QOL. Treatment of psoriatic patients should consider these results and should include tools for psychosocial intervention.
Predictions of hypoxaemia at high altitude in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: P J Oades, R M Buchdhal, A Bush
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the usefulness of a hypoxic challenge in a laboratory at sea level in predicting acute desaturation at altitude in children with lung disease. <b>Design</b>: Comparison of responses to hypoxic challenge in different settings. <b>Subjects</b>: 22 Children (12 boys) aged 11 to 16 years with cystic fibrosis in whom the mean forced expiratory volume in one second was 64% (range 24-100%). <b>Setting</b>: Lung function laboratory, the Alps, and aboard commercial jet aircraft. Main outcome measures - Spirometric lung function at sea level and finger probe oximetry with air and 15% oxygen. Oximetry during high altitude flight and on a mountain at altitude of 1800 m. <b>Results</b>: Significant desaturation (range 0 to 12%) occurred with all hypoxic challenges (P&lt;0.002). The best predictor of hypoxic response from a single reading was the laboratory test (r(sup2)=76% for flight and r(sup2)=47% for mountain altitude), but the mean errors of prediction were not clinically significantly different. In six children who showed the greatest desaturation the laboratory test overestimated desaturation, but other predictors underestimated desaturation in three by up to 5%. <b>Conclusions</b>: The laboratory hypoxic challenge directly predicted the worst case of desaturation during flight and at equivalent high altitude. Spirometry and baseline oxygen saturations may underestimate individual hypoxic response. The test may have wider applications to other patients with stable chronic lung diseases, particularly in determining who needs supplementary oxygen during air travel and who should be advised against holidays at high altitude.
Disodium pamidronate has beneficial effect in Paget's disease of bone
Authors: K. Chakravarty, P. Merry, D. G I Scott
Journal: BMJ (1996)

7.6 cases in the month after immunisation in the United Kingdom, based on the typical reported annual incidence of 1/100 000 ).1We questioned 103 patients with Guillain- Barre or Miller Fisher syndrome, 98 household controls, and 93 hospital controls in south east England in 1992-4 (before the measles/rubella immunisation programme).2Thirteen patients, and nine household and five hospital controls reported being immunised within 12 weeks before onset of neuropathy in the index case.The immunisations were for influenza in 10 patients and eight household and three hospital controls, typhoid/cholera in one patient and one household control, typhoid alone in one patient, tetanus toxoid booster in one patient, diphtheria/ tetanus/pertussis in one hospital control, and human immune globulin in one hospital control.The median intervals between immunisation and neuropathy onset in the index case were 44 (range 3-64) days in patients, 44 (7-64) days in household controls, and 36 (14-62) days in hospital controls.The differences in proportions immunised between the patients and either of the control groups are not significant but the confidence intervals for the odds ratios are wide.A matched analysis shows that the odds ratio of cases having been immunised was 4.0 (95% con- fidence interval 0.4 to 197) in comparison to household controls and 2.2 (0.7 to 8.1) in com- parison to hospital controls.A similar study in 1983-4 also failed to show an increase in risk since 6/100 patients and 5/100 hospital controls had been immunised in the previous 12 weeks.3The odds ratio for the two series combined was 1.8 (0.7 to 4.4).Our case-control studies and the literature do not suggest any increased risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome after vaccines currently used in the United Kingdom.However, obtaining the number of individuals required to detect or exclude a small increase in absolute risk would require an active surveillance programme or classification of Guillain-Barre syndrome as a notifiable disease.At present we rely on diligent reporting to the Committee on Safety of Medicines of cases of the syndrome after vaccination.
Ultrastructural immunocytochemical demonstration of HLA class I antigens in human pathological liver tissue
Authors: Rita De Vos, Chris De Wolf-Peeters, Joost J. Den Van Oord, Valeer Desmet
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Major histocompatibility complex products Class I (HLA Class I) antigens are not expressed on the surface of normal human hepatocytes but become so in pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to specify the ultrastructural topography of HLA Class I antigens expression. Nine human liver specimens, known from light microscopic investigation to display membranous positivity for HLA Class I antigens, were processed for immunoelectronmicroscopy using monoclonal anti–HLA Class I in an indirect immunoperoxidase procedure. HLA Class I antigens were detected on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and bile duct cells; some cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum were also positive. The membranes of normal bile canaliculi of hepatocytes and the apical border of bile duct cells were negative. In one case of presumably drug–induced cholestasis, abnormal cholestatic canaliculi displayed HLA Class I antigens. These results indicate that HLA Class I antigens are synthesized by the hepatocytes and bile duct cells and incorporated into the plasma membrane; the basolateral expression follows the pattern as in other polarized cells. The expression in cholestatic canaliculi suggests a disturbed polarity of the hepatocyte.