tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asbestos-induced peritoneal mesothelioma in a construction worker.
Authors: Rodolfo Fonte, Salvatore Gambettino, Mario Melazzini, Mario Scelsi, Claudio Zanon, Stefano M Candura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Occupational and environmental asbestos exposure continues to represent a public health problem, despite increasingly restrictive laws adopted by most industrialized countries. Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive asbestos-related malignancy. We present the case of a 65-year-old man who developed recurrent ascites after having been exposed to asbestos in the building industry for > 40 years. Liver function and histology were normal. Abdominal computed tomography initially excluded the presence of expansive processes, and no abnormal cells were found in the ascitic fluid. Laparoscopy showed diffuse neoplastic infiltration of the peritoneum. Histopathology of bioptic samples revealed epithelioid neoplastic proliferation with a tubulopapillary pattern, falsely suggesting metastatic adenocarcinomatosis. In consideration of the occupational history, and after further diagnostic procedures had failed to identify the hypothetical primitive tumor, immunostaining of the neoplastic tissue was performed. Results were negative for carcinoembrionary antigen and the epithelial glycoprotein Ber-EP4, whereas results were positive for the mesothelial markers cytokeratins, calretinin, epithelial membrane antigen, and HBME-1, thus leading to the correct diagnosis of peritoneal epithelial mesothelioma. The Italian Workers' Compensation Authority recognized the occupational origin of the disease. Cytoreductive surgery associated with continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (cisplatin at 42 degrees C, for 1 hr) was performed. The disease relapsed after 4 months and was later complicated by a bowel obstruction requiring palliative ileostomy. The patient died 23 months after diagnosis. This case illustrates the insidious diagnostic problems posed by peritoneal mesothelioma, a tumor which often simulates other malignancies (e.g., metastatic carcinomas) at routine histopathological examination. Occupational history and immunohistochemistry are helpful for the correct diagnosis, which, in turn, is important in relation to prognosis and treatment (adoption of new integrated procedures that seem to promise prolonged survival and increased quality of life), and in relation to medicolegal issues and occupation-related compensation claims following asbestos exposure.
Advanced Age Is Associated with Poorer Bladder Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients Treated with Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Matthew E. Nielsen, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Yair Lotan, Craig G. Rogers, Gilad E. Amiel, Patrick J. Bastian, Amnon Vazina, Amit Gupta, Seth P. Lerner, Arthur I. Sagalowsky, Mark P. Schoenberg, Ganesh S. Palapattu
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Fatal Asbestosis 50 Years after Brief High Intensity Exposure in a Vermiculite Expansion Plant
Authors: Robert S. Wright, Jerrold L. Abraham, Philip Harber, Bryan R. Burnett, Peter Morris, Phil West
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CASE REPORTTISSUE AND MINERAL SAMPLE...RESULTS OF TISSUE ANALYSI...DISCUSSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Intravenous isoprenaline and orciprenaline as a guide to the drug treatment of Stokes-Adams attacks.
Authors: D. Redwood
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The use of sustained-action isoprenaline in the treatment of patients with heart block is well established (Dack and Robbin, 1961; Fleming and Mirams, 1963; Bluestone and Harris, 1965). Though isoprenaline has less tendency than adrenaline to stimulate ventricular ectopic foci, fatal arrhythmias are produced in some patients, and Bluestone and Harris (1965) have given a preliminary report of the necessity for testing the effect of a brief high blood level of isoprenaline while under close supervision, before embarking on therapy with the sustained-action preparation. The results of intravenous and oral isoprenaline are reported in 23 patients with heart block and Stokes-Adam attacks. At the same time the opportunity has been taken to compare the effect of isoprenaline and orciprenaline intravenously. Both drugs have positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart and in this respect are similar to adrenaline. In patients with complete heart block isoprenaline and orciprenaline in crease both atrial and ventricular rates, but have less tendency than adrenaline to stimulate ventricular ectopic foci. Cardiac output is increased, ejection time is reduced, and there is a fall in atrial pressure (Stack et al., 1958). The depressor effect on the peripheral vascular resistance results in a fall in diastolic pressure with either no change or a slight fall in systolic pressure (Schumacher and Schmock, 1954; Spitzbarth and Albers, 1961 ; Palmero, 1965). The 23 patients were consecutive cases of atrioventricular block 'admitted to hospital for consideration of pacing who had not had a trial of long-acting isoprenaline in full dosage.
Day-to-Day Variation of Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses in NIDDM Subjects After Starch-Rich Meal
Authors: Ole W Rasmussen, Søren Gregersen, Jens Dørup, Kjeld Hermansen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To study day-to-day variation of postprandial blood glucose and insulin increments in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects and to analyze intra- and interperson variance of response. Research Design and Methods Ten NIDDM subjects attending the outpatient clinic at Aarhus Kommunehospital were studied. The subjects ate three meals of 90 g of white bread, with 7 days between tests. Results Mean ± SD areas under the blood glucose response curve (above basal) over a 3-h period were 557 ± 60, 569 ± 74, and 565 ± 67 mM × 180 min (NS), and areas under the insulin-response curve were 3350 ± 448, 2815 ± 359 and 3551 ± 679 mU/L × 180 min (NS) on each of the three occasions. The 95% confidence intervals of blood glucose and insulin areas for the test meal repeated three times were 564 ± 120 mM × 180 min and 3240 ± 1645 mU/L } 180 min, respectively. Intra- and interperson components of variance were 25 vs. 75% (glucose) and 78 vs. 22% (insulin) of the total variance. The intraperson components of variance included all sources of variation other than between-person variation. There was no significant correlation between blood glucose and insulin response areas. Conclusions A valid estimate of the glycemic response in a single patient is obtained after a single meal. Because of the large between-person variation, paired data should preferably be used when comparing glycemic responses to different foods.
Points: Generalised pruritus
Authors: R H Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

September, p 591) confirmed brain death in the usual way before resuscitation was finally abandoned after four hours.The usual tests of brain death are tests of brain stem function.These tests should be preceded by essential preconditions and necessary exclusions.An essential precondition is irremediable structural brain damage.A necessary exclusion is acute intoxication.'In their patient neither of these criteria was satisfied.Their patient had not responded to intensive resuscitation and had remained hypotensive and anuric.As there had been no recovery and no prospect of recovery it may have been reasonable to discontinue resuscita- tion.It is not possible to use tests of brain death to support this decision as it was impossible to meet the currently accepted preconditions and exclusions which are required to give the tests validity.
Effect of fetal sex on labour and delivery: retrospective review
Authors: M. A Eogan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The association of fetal sex with pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia, the interaction between sex and risk factors for fetal growth restriction, and the increased likelihood of second stage arrest with male sex have all been studied. 1-3However, a Medline search (1966 to August 2002) using the search terms fetal gender, fetal sex, labour, delivery, and childbirth found no studies on the effect of fetal sex itself on labour outcomes and events.We set out to determine the effect of fetal sex on birth weight, duration of labour, mode of delivery, and birth outcome.
Chibby, an Antagonist of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway, Facilitates Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Amar M. Singh, Feng-Qian Li, Takashi Hamazaki, Hideko Kasahara, Ken-Ichi Takemaru, Naohiro Terada
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived cardiomyocytes are anticipated to serve as a useful source for future cell-based cardiovascular disease therapies. Research emphasis is currently focused on determining methods to direct the differentiation of ESCs to a large population of cardiomyocytes with high purity. To this aim, understanding the molecular mechanisms that control ESC-to-cardiomyocyte differentiation should play a critical role in the development of this methodology. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway has been implicated in both embryonic cardiac development and in vitro ESC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Chibby is a recently identified nuclear protein that directly binds to beta-catenin and antagonizes its transcriptional activity.Chibby was ubiquitously expressed in early stages of ESC differentiation but upregulated during cardiomyocyte specification. Of interest, the Chibby gene promoter has multiple binding sites for the cardiac-specific homeodomain protein Nkx2.5, and its promoter activity was indeed positively regulated by Nkx2.5. Furthermore, overexpression of Chibby increased cardiac differentiation of ESCs, whereas loss of Chibby by RNAi impaired cardiomyocyte differentiation.These data illustrate the regulation and function of Chibby in facilitating cardiomyocyte differentiation from ESCs. By revealing molecular mechanisms that control ESC-to-cardiomyocyte differentiation, this study will allow for the future development of technologies to improve cardiomyocyte differentiation from ESCs.
On the Abortive Treatment of Symphilis
Authors: J. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1888)

larity of this structure with the small spines on the arm of Hapa- kmur induced me to examine the adjacent smooth patch on the forearm of Lemur catta, and I had the satisfaction of finding a large collection of glands, the secretion from which, when dried, gives rise to the horny projection in question.w Fig. 11.-Arm of Iapnlemur with the patch of cutaneous spines on its forearm (Proc.Zool.Soc.)These structures are interesting, inasmuch as they may be re- garded as intermediate to the pathological cutaneous hlorn on the one hand, and the cutaneous nasal hlorn of the rhinocer)s on the other.They also furnish some light as to the nature of the sin- gular patch of hard integument known as the castor on the inside of the foreleg of the horse.In addition, we may use them as physiological types of cutaneous horns which in man onl occur under pathological conditions.
Pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum: a revised classification.
Authors: C Bull, M R de Leval, C Mercanti, F J Macartney, R H Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The dismal outlook for patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum may be related to associated right ventricular hypoplasia. Study of 32 autopsy specimens and 46 angiocardiograms of neonates with this lesion suggested that the cavitary hypoplasia was related to massive hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall. This hypertrophy was sufficient to obliterate the trabecular and/or infundibular portion of the ventricular cavity entirely in one-third of the cases; this observation forms the basis for a revised classification of these hearts. Three autopsies and 14 angiograms of neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis were examined. Hearts with obliterated infundibular and trabecular cavities had thicker walls and smaller tricuspid valves, as estimated angiographically or at autopsy, than those in which the normal three portions of the ventricular cavity were represented.
Epidermal growth factor receptors in human epidermal tumours
Authors: M.N. NAZMI, P.J. DYKES, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Immunolocalization studies using the strepavidin/biotin peroxidase system were used to identify epidermal growth factor receptors in 10 samples of normal skin, 13 seborrhoeic warts (SW), five lesions of Bowen's disease (BD), 11 solar keratoses (SK), 22 basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and five squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The intensity of cell membrane staining was assessed using the 10-cm visual analogue scale technique and the results analysed using non-parametric statistics. The cell membranes in BCC showed significantly less intense staining when compared to normal epidermal cells (P less than 0.001) and the constituent cells of SW (P less than 0.001), SK (P less than 0.001), BD (P less than 0.01), and SCC (P less than 0.001). Classification of the specimens into normal, benign, premalignant and malignant indicated that cell membranes of malignant tumours showed significantly less staining than the other groups (P less than 0.001). The observed reduction in the epidermal growth factor receptors in malignant tumours may be due to occupation and down regulation in response to autocrine secretion of growth factors.
Influence of brucellosis history on serological diagnosis and evolution of patients with acute brucellosis
Authors: María de los Ángeles Mantecón, María Purificación Gutiérrez, María del Pilar Zarzosa, Luis Fernández-Lago, Juan de Dios Colmenero, Nieves Vizcaíno, Miguel Angel Bratos, Ana Almaraz, África Cubero, Maria Fe Muñoz, A. Rodríguez Torres, Antonio Orduña
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Sequence Variation in the Primate Dopamine Transporter Gene and Its Relationship to Social Dominance
Authors: Cassandra M Miller-Butterworth, Jay R Kaplan, John Shaffer, Bernie Devlin, Stephen B Manuck, Robert E Ferrell
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Dopaminergic activity differs between socially dominant and subordinate monkeys, and in humans, it correlates significantly with extraversion, a trait analogous to social dominance in monkeys. Furthermore, concentrations of monoamine metabolites within the cerebrospinal fluid are highly heritable. Dopaminergic activity is modulated by the dopamine transporter (DAT), and the gene encoding this transporter is therefore an excellent candidate for studies aiming to identify variants of functional or evolutionary significance. However, the majority of such research has focused exclusively on the human homologue and its most common polymorphism, a functional variable number tandem repeat in the 3' untranslated region. Cross-species comparisons provide valuable insights into genome evolution, speciation, and selection mechanisms and may highlight sites of evolutionary significance. To date, however, no comprehensive studies of the DAT gene have been performed simultaneously on multiple primate species. We therefore characterized sequence variation and extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the DAT genes of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and humans. We identified 2 potentially functional variants, which are associated with social rank in cynomolgus monkeys and which correspond to a putative transcription factor-binding site. Although highly conserved across mammals, the DAT gene differs significantly between humans and macaques in levels of sequence variation and LD structure, with the monkeys displaying up to 3 times more sequence variability and significantly less LD than humans. This suggests that the DAT gene has followed different evolutionary trajectories during primate speciation.
Evaluation of Patients' Knowledge of Diabetes Self-Care
Authors: Leona V Miller, Jack Goldstein, Gary Nicolaisen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

A survey conducted at a Veterans Administration Hospital to evaluate patient capability for self-management found that over 35 per cent of the patients interviewed lacked any formal training. Seventeen patients had been placed on insulin without formal instruction. Almost one half the patients who claimed to have attended training programs could not demonstrate adequate knowledge or skills in any of the major areas of self-care: insulin administration, urine testing, diet, foot care, and management of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. While patients with training were more knowledgeable than patients without training, the difference was slight. The results indicate the need for systematic analysis of patient knowledge and the evaluation of training programs on a continuing basis.
Butterfly Vertebra
Authors: Murat Tuncel, Zeynep Topbasi, Pinar Ozgen Kiratli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We present a 27-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of osteosarcoma at the right tibia. The patient underwent whole-body bone scintigraphy which confirmed the osteosarcoma in the right tibia and revealed a photon deficient (cold) area at the L2 vertebra. To determine the etiology of the cold area, his recent abdominal computed tomography images were reviewed which showed a spinal congenital fusion anomaly. The typical pattern of metastases on bone scintigraphy is, increased uptake due to osteoblastic reaction but, not uncommonly cold lesions may be seen. The differential diagnosis of these lesions must be well known to prevent misinterpretations.
Medical Care in the Nursing Home
Authors: Wayne A. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Ouslander's<sup>1</sup>review of medical care in the nursing home is the finest of its kind I have seen. I would just like to underscore some of the points made in his section on the need for more mental health professionals to work with patients in nursing homes. As the author notes, unless a greater degree of attention is paid in residency and fellowship programs to the training of geriatric psychiatrists, it is unlikely that any substantial changes will occur in the underdiagnosing and treatment of depression or the overprescription of antipsychotic, sedative, and hypnotic medications to patients in nursing homes described by the author. To attract a greater number of applicants to such programs, however, one must pay attention to the various resistances younger therapists have to embarking on such training. These include ambivalent feelings about one's own parents or grandparents, unwarranted assumptions about the
Classification of Breast Cancer Using Genetic Algorithms and Tissue Microarrays
Authors: Marisa Dolled-Filhart, Lisa Rydén, Melissa Cregger, Karin Jirström, Malini Harigopal, Robert L. Camp, David L. Rimm
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: A multitude of breast cancer mRNA profiling studies has stratified breast cancer and defined gene sets that correlate with outcome. However, the number of genes used to predict patient outcome or define tumor subtypes by RNA expression studies is variable, nonoverlapping, and generally requires specialized technologies that are beyond those used in the routine pathology laboratory. It would be ideal if the familiarity and streamlined nature of immunohistochemistry could be combined with the rigorously quantitative and highly specific properties of nucleic acid–based analysis to predict patient outcome. Experimental Design: We have used AQUA-based objective quantitative analysis of tissue microarrays toward the goal of discovery of a minimal number of markers with maximal prognostic or predictive value that can be applied to the conventional formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue section. Results: The minimal discovered multiplexed set of tissue biomarkers was GATA3, NAT1, and estrogen receptor. Genetic algorithms were then applied after division of our cohort into a training set of 223 breast cancer patients to discover a prospectively applicable solution that can define a subset of patients with 5-year survival of 96%. This algorithm was then validated on an internal validation set (n = 223, 5-year survival = 95.8%) and further validated on an independent cohort from Sweden, which showed 5-year survival of 92.7% (n = 149). Conclusions: With further validation, this test has both the familiarity and specificity for widespread use in management of breast cancer. More generally, this work illustrates the potential for multiplexed biomarker discovery on the tissue microarray platform.
Exudation primes human and guinea pig neutrophils for subsequent responsiveness to the chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine and increases complement component C3bi receptor expression.
Authors: W Zimmerli, B Seligmann, J I Gallin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

After circulating in the vascular system a short time, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) migrate to extravascular sites in response to chemotactic stimuli. Prestimulation of PMN in vitro by secretagogues has been shown to increase their number of N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fmet-leu-phe) and complement component C3bi (CR3) receptors. We investigated whether the same phenomenon occurred in vivo, comparing characteristics of human skin chamber and guinea pig peritoneal exudate and blood PMN. Exudate PMN of both species contained approximately 28% less of the specific granule marker vitamin B12-binding protein (P less than 0.01) but a similar amount of the azurophil granule marker beta-glucuronidase. The total number of fmet-leu-phe receptors was 5.9 times higher in guinea pig exudate than in blood PMN (P less than 0.01) and 2.9 times higher in human exudate than in blood PMN (P less than 0.02). All exudate PMN and most blood PMN preparations showed a high affinity receptor (Kd approximately 2.3 X 10(-8) M) and a low affinity receptor (approximately 1.5 X 10(-7) M). The upregulation of fmet-leu-phe receptors in exudate PMN correlated with an improved responsiveness to fmet-leu-phe induced membrane depolarization, oxidative metabolism, and chemotaxis. In addition, the concentration of fmet-leu-phe that produced a half-maximal response of chemotaxis, superoxide production, and membrane potential depolarization was 10-fold lower in exudate PMN than in blood PMN. Human exudate PMN had a twofold increased C3bi receptor expression compared with blood PMN. Thus, a preferential loss of specific granules is associated with increased number of high and low affinity fmet-leu-phe receptors and increased C3bi receptor expression not only in vitro, but also in vivo. The data indicate that exudation primes PMN for their subsequent responsiveness to fmet-leu-phe, a modification that may be crucial for efficient antimicrobial host defense.