tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preemptive Isolation to Prevent Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cross-Transmission in Diabetic Foot
Authors: Emmanuelle Lecornet, Jérôme Robert, Sophie Jacqueminet, Ha Van Georges, Sandrine Jeanne, Florence Bouilloud, Christine Veyrie, Vincent Jarlier, André Grimaldi, Agnès Hartemann-Heurtier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Dedicated foot units have been developed to improve diabetic foot ulcers management. However, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is isolated from 20 to 30% of infected diabetic foot ulcers (1–3). Consequently, placing colonized patients and at-risk patients with open wounds in the same unit may speed up MRSA cross-transmission (4). Therefore, although the impact of MRSA on the outcome of the ulcer remains debatable (5,6), the prevention of MRSA cross-transmission should be a priority in such units (6–8). The implementation of strict isolation precautions is highly recommended (9–12) because MRSA is mainly transmitted through the hands of transiently colonized health care personnel (9,13,14). Our objective was to assess the efficiency of preemptive isolation procedures implemented in a diabetic foot unit to prevent MRSA cross-transmission.

All patients consecutively admitted to …
The Practice of Medicine-Reply
Authors: Suzanne Dandoy
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Apparently Drs Lusk and Rose believe that one of the criteria for practicing medicine is getting up in the middle of the night and that another is being frustrated and suffering "wear and tear on the nervous system." I have not delivered a baby since I was an intern, but I spent a sleepless night last week trying to decide how to respond to a late evening call about a critically ill patient who needed Medicaid coverage for a liver transplant. To decide at 4 AM whether it is better to spend $100 000 for a liver transplant for one patient or for dental care for 1000 elderly people (since my "pot" of money is finite) causes just as much stress as a problem delivery or a critically ill patient in the emergency department. It is, in fact, a life or death decision. The primary care physician knows
AN INTERESTING CASE OF "SILENT" RENAL CALCULUS
Authors: Augustus Harris
Journal: JAMA (1923)

K. H., a youth, aged 18, referred by Dr. G. B. Reitz, Feb. 8, 1922, complaining of frequency and urgency of urination of three months' duration, had pyuria, but no burning, hematuria or urethritis. There was no complaint of pain in either the back or abdomen. Cystoscopic examination revealed a moderately severe cystitis. Catheters were passed to both renal pelves without obstruction, and with intermittent drip of clear urine from both sides. Renal functional tests were negative. A diagnosis was then made of cystitis, and treatment was outlined to be given by the family physician. After treatment over a period of a few months, the symptoms improved considerably but later recurred. Cystoscopic examination in November, 1922, then revealed the presence of a right-sided pyelitis, with slight delay in the function of the right kidney. The left kidney was normal. Also blood pressure and blood Wassermann tests were negative. Inoculated guinea-pigs
Comparison of Corticotrophin and Corticosteroid Response to Lysine Vasopressin, Insulin, and Pyrogen in Man
Authors: J. J. Staub, J. S. Jenkins, J. G. Ratcliffe, J. Landon
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Plasma corticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosteroid levels in response to lysine vasopressin (LVP), insulin hypoglycaemia, and pyrogen have been compared in seven subjects with normal pituitary adrenal function. Intramuscular vasopressin was a weak stimulus to corticotrophin release, peak values lying within the range 49 to 141 pg/ml. Insulin hypoglycaemia consistently caused a more noticeable increase, with peak levels between 114 and 364 pg/ml, while pyrogen was the most powerful, corticotrophin levels rising to between 209 and 1,725 pg/ml. Peak plasma corticosteroid levels showed less pronounced differences between the three tests, and correlated poorly with peak ACTH levels. Thus, relatively small acute changes in corticotrophin levels produce near-maximal adrenal stimulation. Under these conditions, plasma corticosteroid measurements do not accurately reflect circulating corticotrophin levels. These findings help to explain the physiological basis of several observations on the corticosteroid responses to these clinical test procedures.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY FOR CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION OF THE SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERIES
Authors: Junya Matsumi, Satoshi Takeshita, Shigeru Saito, Takeshi Akasaka, Yutaka Tanaka, Masato Murakami, Hidetaka Suenaga, Shingo Mizuno, Futoshi Yamanaka, Kazuya Sugitatsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Case of Phocomelia Associated with Severe Mental Deficiency
Authors: F. E. Kratter
Journal: BMJ (1960)

The adverse effect of menstruation on the normal school work of 217 menstruating girls, aged 11 to 17 years, is evidenced by the finding that one in every four girls had a fall in weekly mark during the pre- menstruum followed by a rise after menstruation.It is appreciated that in times of stress the premenstrual symptoms are increased (Dalton, 1955).It would appear, therefore, that on occasions of important examinations the handicap imposed by menstruation will be proportionately increased.About one girl in six in any examination entry will be in her premenstruum and thus at her lowest intellectual ebb.While zealots campaign assiduously for equality of the sexes, Nature refuses to grant equality even in one sex.My thanks are gratefully expressed to Miss Audrey E.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE BACKWARD CHILD.
Authors: A. W. WILMARTH
Journal: JAMA (1901)

To formulate a definition which will describe the term "backwardness" in children is a task of considerable difficulty. It is made still more difficult by the extreme vagueness of the term as used by more recent writers, who use the terms "backward" and "feebleminded" almost interchangeably. The truth of the matter is simply this, that there is no sharp line of distinction between the normal and the so-called backward child, or between the markedly backward or feeblyendowed child and the high-grade imbecile. No standard of mental activity has ever been fixed by which we can accurately determine these questions. Psychological studies, which are now being actively pushed, both in institutions for normal and abnormal children, promise in the near future to give us some more definite standard on which to base our diagnosis. The variety of opinion on this subject is well illustrated by comparing the report furnished by Prof.
Are Evening Surgeries Necessary?
Authors: J. G. Bancroft
Journal: BMJ (1964)

of facilities for routine screening of healthy women by cervical cytology at regular inter- vals.This matter vitally concerns clinical pathologists, and in most departments of clinical pathology there is already a service in exfoliative cytology for patients referred from many specialties, of which gynaecology is one."It is the opinion of the Council that any service in cervical cytology for healthy women should be regarded as preventive medicine and should be organized in collaboration with the hospital laboratory service, with which it should have the closest integration.The Council believe that cytological examinations and the training of technicians for this work must be in the hands of consultant pathologists.They believe it to be necessary to stress once more that a large proportion of hospital laboratories are already short of staff and accommodation, and it is clear that the implementation of the recommendations now being made about exfoliative cytology can only make matters worse.The appointment of extra staff and the provision of increased accommodation in hospital laboratories, which were already necessary, may now be expected to become even more urgent requirements."The Council wish to place these views on record, for they believe it to be vitally impor-
Toward personalized therapy in AML: in vivo benefit of targeting aberrant epigenetics in MLL-PTD-associated AML
Authors: K M Bernot, R F Siebenaler, S P Whitman, N A Zorko, G G Marcucci, R Santhanam, E H Ahmed, M Ngangana, K K McConnell, J S Nemer, D L Brook, S K Kulp, C S Chen, D Frankhouser, P Yan, R Bundschuh, X Zhang, A M Dorrance, K E Dickerson, D Jarjoura, W Blum, G Marcucci, M A Caligiuri
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Month of birth and childhood atopic diseases in the tropics
Authors: F. T. Chew, D. Y T. Goh, J. Teo, S. H. Quak, B. W. Lee
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Relatiotiship between the month of hirth and prevalence of diagnosed asthma, asthma‐like symptoms (wheezing, nocturnal cough, and exerctse wheezing), rhinitis, and eczema was investigated in four cohorts each ol primary schoolchildren and secondary school (high school) adolescents in Singapore by questionnaire survey. Significantly increased prevalence rates of diagnosed asthtna and asthma‐like symptoms were observed in certain hirth months of the year for two adolescent cohorts, while significant association between birth month and presence of symptoms of rhinitis was found in a cohort of 6‐7‐year‐olds. However, when demographic factors were taken into consideration by multivariate analysis, only the association between asthtna. asthma‐like symptoms, and birth month remained significant in one of the adolescent cohorts. There was, therefore, only a weak association between the month of birth and atopic disease in our schoolchildren. The overall seasonal trends, however, did show two mam seasons (March‐May and September‐November) associated with higher prevalence of these diseases.
Promotion of osteoblast differentiation in 3D biomaterial micro-chip arrays comprising fibronectin-coated poly(methyl methacrylate) polycarbonate
Authors: Brigitte Altmann, Thorsten Steinberg, Stefan Giselbrecht, Eric Gottwald, Pascal Tomakidi, Maria Bächle-Haas, Ralf-Joachim Kohal
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
E-selectin gene promoter is a predictor of outcome in unstable angina
Authors: Maria M. Irurita, Florentino Sanchez, Angel Loma-Ossorio, Ana Canas, Angel Castaneda, Juncal Irurita, Liduvina Lopez, Candida Deniz, Pedro Saavedra, Ricardo Chirino, Fernando Arós, Miguel Iriarte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Persistence of “wild-type” and “e-minus” hepatitis B virus infection in chronic healthy HBsAg/anti-HBe positive carriers
Authors: Giovanni Raimondo, Gianmichele Meucci, Maria Adriana Sardo, Giuseppina Rodinò, Salvatore Campo, Maurizio Vecchi, Maurizio Pernice, Maria Grazia Rumi, Maria Tatarella, Roberto de Franchis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Symmetrical, Asymptomatic Submaxillary-Gland Enlargement in Older Age Groups
Authors: George Kelemen, William W. Montgomery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

A PREVIOUS publication has described the phenomenon of a symmetrical enlargement of the submaxillary glands in the aged.1 In 22 out of 100 persons (50 men and 50 women) between the ages of seventy-one and ninety-one, a symmetrical, soft, smooth, painless, nontender and nonadherent enlargement of the submaxillary glands was found. Since no coexisting pathologic process of any kind was present, the term "sign," meaning characteristics of a disease, was avoided, and presence of the condition was not revealed to the carrier, to prevent cancerophobic apprehension.Although lately numerous essays have been published on diseases of the salivary glands on . . .
When patients with breast cancer can be considered to be cured
Authors: E Marubini
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In the clinical implications box in their paper on changes in the long term prognosis for breast cancer in a Dutch cancer registry Henk W Nab and colleagues state: “At 19 years after diagnosis patients' survival was similar to that of the general female population, indicating that such patients could effectively be regarded as cured.”1 This time interval is slightly longer than the ones I reported some …
Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus: A study group of 83 patients
Authors: F. Lunel, J.C. Hombarg, P. Grippon, M. Perrin, C. Blanc, B. Bernard, F. Cadranel, N. Abual, D. Valla, P. Opolon, J.M. Huraux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Transforming the Veterans Health Care System—The 'New VA'
Authors: Kenneth W. Kizer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Extended Mortality Benefit of Early Postinfarction Reperfusion
Authors: Allan M. Ross, Karin S. Coyne, Eduardo Moreyra, Jonathan S. Reiner, Samuel W. Greenhouse, Pamela L. Walker, Maarten L. Simoons, Yasmine C. Draoui, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol, Frans Van de Werf, Conor F. Lundergan
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction, understood to reduce mortality by preserving left ventricular function, was initially expected to provide increasing benefits over time. Surprisingly, large controlled thrombolysis trials demonstrated maximum benefit at 4 to 6 weeks with no subsequent increased treatment advantage. Such studies, however, compared groups by assigned treatment, not physiological effectiveness.We calculated 2-year survival differences among 2431 myocardial infarction patients according to early infarct artery patency and outcome left ventricular ejection fraction using Kaplan-Meier curves. Hazard ratios for significant survival determinants were derived from Cox regression models. Two-year vital status (minimum, 688 days) was determined in 2375 patients (97.7%). A substantial mortality advantage for early complete reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] grade 3) and for preserved ejection fraction occurred beyond 30 days. The unadjusted hazard ratio for the TIMI 3 group compared with lesser grades at 30 days was 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.94) and 30 days to > or = 688 days was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.69). Consequently, early TIMI 3 flow was associated with approximately a 3 patient per 100 mortality reduction the first month with an additional 5 lives per 100 from 30 days to 2 years. For ejection fraction >40% compared with < or = 40%, the unadjusted hazard ratio was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.16 to 0.37) at 30 days and 0.22 (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.33) after 30 days through 2 years (lives saved, approximately 9 and 11 per 100, respectively).Successful reperfusion and myocardial salvage produce significant mortality benefits that are amplified beyond the initial 30 days.
Osteoporosis and immunosuppression in multiple myeloma.
Authors: A. L. Dolan, T. K. Wheeler, D. H. Jones, A. J. Crisp
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Infection with HIV may be transmitted to a victim of sexual assault.' 2 Seroconversion to HIV occurred in the three months after a rape in a woman who had no other identifiable risk factors for HIV infection.
Irradiation for early vocal cord cancer saves life and voice
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In early vocal cord carcinoma, radiation therapy with surgery held in reserve is the treatment of choice. That's the conclusion of a retrospective study of 177 patients treated during a 26-year period at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis. At mean tenyear follow-up, there was 95% patient survival, 90% voice preservation, and 96% tumor control. Reporting to the recent annual meeting of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiologists in Orlando, Fla, Bharat Mittal, MD, now assistant professor, radiation oncology, University of Pittsburgh, said that although equally good patient survivals for similar-stage patients (with epidermoid carcinoma confined to the true vocal cords) have been achieved with surgery, the voice is often sacrificed. With radiation therapy, the voice is saved, and even when hemilaryngectomy is undertaken after failure of radiation therapy, the voice can often be preserved. In addition, radiation therapy is cheaper and reduces time
Application of Monoclonal Antibody Techniques to Endocrinology*
Authors: G. S. EISENBARTH, R. A. JACKSON
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1982)

“IMMUNOLOGICAL” techniques (at times pioneered by “endocrinologists”) such as RIAs, immunoradiometric assays, immunocytochemistry, and affinity chromatography are central to current endocrine research. Development of a methodology that would allow the production of unlimited quantities of homogeneous antibody reagents would therefore have a major impact on the field of endocrinology. In addition to the provision of large quantities of homogeneous antibody, monoclonal antibody techniques allow investigators to produce antibodies reacting with single antigenic determinants, despite immunization with impure antigens. The production of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface differentiation antigens after immunization with whole cells is a striking example of immunization with “impure” antigens. In this review we will outline the general methodology and recent developments in the production of monoclonal antibodies and then focus on the many successful applications of these techniques to endocrine research. The basic techniques for the production of monoclonal antibodies derive from the initial study of Kohler and Milstein in 1975 (1) (Fig. 1).
Bile acid synthesis during development. Mitochondrial 12 alpha-hydroxylation in human fetal liver.
Authors: J Gustafsson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Hydroxylation of 5 beta-[7 beta-3H]cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol was studied in mitochondrial preparations from human fetal livers. The livers were obtained at legal abortions between weeks 14 and 24. In addition to hydroxylation in the 26-position, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol was hydroxylated in the 12 alpha-position. In one experiment, mitochondrial protein was solubilized and partially purified. Material with such chromatographic properties as those of cytochrome P450 showed 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity when combined with adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase from bovine adrenal mitochondria. Because adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase are components specific for mitochondrial hydroxylase systems, the results exclude microsomal contamination as the origin of this 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Further, there was no hydroxylase activity when NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from rat liver microsomes was added instead of adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase. The microsomal fraction of fetal liver was also shown to possess 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Microsomal and mitochondrial hydroxylase activities per milligram of protein towards 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol were of the same order of magnitude. The occurrence of an efficient sterol nucleus hydroxylase activity in liver mitochondria appears to be unique for fetal liver.
The Immunology of Malignant Disease
Authors: Frank W. Fitch
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This book is intended for clinicians concerned with the management of malignant disease. The first edition was published in 1970, and extensive revisions and additions have been made in the second edition. The volume tries to include sufficient basic information to provide an adequate background for understanding the clinical approaches. The initial chapter, "Normal Immune Response in Man and Its Reaction to Malignant Disease," describes specific immune responses of adaptive immunity and various forms of immunologic reactions involving suppression of responses. Assays for measuring adaptive immunity in cancer patients are considered, while features of host defense and human malignant neoplasms are discussed in general terms. The chapter on "Immunology of Tumors in Experimental Animals" reviews the antigens found in virus-induced and chemically induced tumors, as well as embryonal antigens of tumors. Immune reactions to tumors and experimental approaches to immunotherapy are discussed. The chapter on "Immune Deficiency States Associated With
Screening for MRSA
Authors: Mark H Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Rapid screening is no more effective at reducing acquisition than conventional screening

Controversy about the effectiveness of screening for meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) stems from the scarcity of robust data from controlled studies. Typically, studies supporting screening have used multiple control measures to curtail hospital outbreaks of MRSA and have lacked control groups.1 The effectiveness of screening depends on key factors including compliance with and sensitivity of screening, capacity to isolate or form cohorts out of identified MRSA carriers, efficacy of decolonisation regimens, and compliance with standard infection control precautions (such as hand hygiene, aseptic procedures when handling vulnerable sites or devices, and prophylaxis).2 In the accompanying study, Jeyaratnam and colleagues report a randomised controlled trial of the effect of rapid screening for MRSA on acquisition of MRSA on hospital general wards in the United Kingdom.3

In some healthcare systems—for example, in the Netherlands—MRSA screening has helped maintain low MRSA colonisation and infection rates. However, in MRSA endemic settings in the UK, the demand for isolation facilities (either to segregate known MRSA carriers or those at high risk) often exceeds availability.4 This compromises one of the main principles of controlling the spread of healthcare associated pathogens.

Furthermore, the efficacy of MRSA decolonisation is suboptimal and may be exacerbated by resistance to mupirocin, …