tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of regional myocardial blood flow and regional fractional oxygen extraction in dogs, using 15O-water and 15O-hemoglobin.
Authors: J A Parker, G A Beller, B Hoop, B L Holman, T W Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

A new approach to the assessment of regional myocardial blood flow and fractional oxygen extraction has been developed using 15O-water (H2-15O) and 15O-hemoglobin (15O-Hb). Bolus doses (1 mCi) of H2-15O and 15O-Hb were injected 10 minutes apart into the left main coronary artery of 12 normal dogs. Sequential images of regional myocardial tracer clearance were obtained over 5 minutes with a positron camera. Myocardial blood flow calculated from the monoexponential washout of H2-15O after background correction was 78 +/- 6 (SE) ml/100 g per min. Functional images of regional blood flow in which the image of peak activity was divided by the integrated image of H2-15O washout were derived by computer processing. These images demonstrated homogeneous blood flow in the normal myocardium. Fractional myocardial O2 extraction was determined from an image of initial distribution of O2 used (obtained by extrapolating back to time zero the series of images obtained after 15O-Hb administration), divided by initial distribution of O2 delivered (obtained by back extrapolating H2-15O washout). These functional images showed uniform distribution of fractional O2 extraction in the normal myocardium. Thus, these studies show that regional myocardial blood flow and regional oxygen extraction can be measured simultaneously by sequential imaging after serial intracoronary injections of H2-15O and 15O-Hb.
Resuscitation of the Moribund Asthmatic and Emphysematous Patient
Authors: Kurt O. Leonhardt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

A decade ago Segal1 wrote in his monograph: "Death during an attack of bronchial asthma is comparatively rare." He also quoted Unger's2 article of 1945 estimating that only 200 autopsies of this condition have been reported in the world literature. Five years later Sherman3 made the following statement: "In severe status asthmaticus with persistent cyanosis, failing to respond to corticotropin and cortisone, the mortality is considerable." Another five years later Messer, Peters and Bennett,4 of the Mayo Clinic, reported a mortality of 11.3 per cent in status asthmaticus and an additional 10.4 per cent from cardiopulmonary complications of bronchial asthma. . . .
Trends in urban air pollution in the United Kingdom in relation to lung cancer mortality.
Authors: P J Lawther, R E Waller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The substantial reduction in air pollution, and particularly in components such as benzo[a]pyrene in urban areas of the United Kingdom during the past few decades has presented an opportunity to consider further the possible role of carcinogens in the air in relation to lung cancer. While the overall trends in lung cancer mortality have undoubtedly been dominated by changes in smoking, the marked contrasts that at one time existed between these death rates in urban and rural areas have gradually diminished. This may indicate that air pollution contributed appreciably to the urban/rural differences in lung cancer at one time, but it is still difficult to disentangle any effects it may have had from those of changing smoking habits.
Pediatric Management of School Learning Problems of Underachievement
Authors: Albert J. Solnit, Mary H. Stark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

SCHOOL learning difficulties of underachievement are one of the common manifestations of physical and psychologic disturbance in the developing child. Increasingly, parents take their children to the pediatrician and to clinics to have the nature of the underachievement identified and to receive advice that will enable the child to master the difficulty.Learning in the child of school age is a physical-psychologic activity that requires effective hearing and vision and the co-ordinated manual skills necessary for writing and producing graphic representations. Physically, the child needs to be in a relatively inactive state when he is concentrating and learning. Also, the . . .
Bone lead, hypertension, and lead nephropathy.
Authors: R P Wedeen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

There is considerable clinical evidence that excessive lead absorption causes renal failure with hypertension and predisposes individuals to hypertension even in the absence of detectable renal failure. Recent analyses of transiliac bone biopsies indicate that unsuspected elevated bone leads may reflect the cause (or contributing cause) of end-stage renal disease in 5% of the European dialysis population. In these patients, bone lead levels were four times higher than in unexposed cadavers (6 micrograms/g wet weight) and approximated levels found in lead workers (30 micrograms/g). At present, the most reliable index of the body lead burden is the CaNa2 EDTA lead mobilization test. In vivo tibial X-ray-induced X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a more practical noninvasive technique for assessing bone lead, which should find widespread application as a diagnostic tool and for epidemiologic studies.
THE ESTIMATION OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY IN THE PULMONARY FIBROSES
Authors: WILLIAM S. McCANN
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Pneumonoconiosis presents a medicolegal problem of major importance. Many studies exist which deal with its etiology and pathogenesis and its diagnosis by roentgenograms, but so far little attention has been paid to its physiologic aspects, though their practical importance is obvious. Especially is this so in view of the growing tendency to adjust awards of workmen's compensation to the degree of disability. In order to do this properly it is essential that objective means of estimating disability be sought which will be fair alike to workman and employer. With this in mind we have carried out investigations on the respiratory function of fifty-three cases of pulmonary fibrosis of various types, not all of which were pneumonoconioses.  The function of respiration is one jointly mediated by the heart, the blood and the lungs. It was apparent at the outset that the functional examination should be complete as regards all three of
Health, humanitarian relief, and survival in former Yugoslavia.
Authors: D Acheson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Since the World Health Organisation9s effort in former Yugoslavia started in July 1992 it has been concerned with the public health policies of survival. It has provided advice to the United Nations High Commission for refugees, helped the voluntary agencies coordinate their work, assessed health needs, and provided practical help in the field to all parties to the conflict. Three features of the Bosnia war have particularly deplorable effects on health: ethnic cleansing, deliberate attacks on hospitals, and systematic rape. The WHO9s response has included initiatives in nutrition, winter survival, and medical supplies. This experience shows that the WHO can have a useful role complementary to that of other agencies in situations where the basic elements for survival of the population are seriously compromised by war.
Medicine still needs feminism
Authors: H. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Women continue to lack equality of opportunity, writes Helena Watson , considering family planning, subfertility, and childbirth

Whenever I hear of the shackles of patriarchy, I implore, “Come and see where I work!” On labour ward a diverse group of mainly women thrive in a high stress environment that requires equal measures of quick thinking, physical stamina, skill, and compassion. Our foremothers would be proud. Over the past century childbirth has become safer and less painful; women are no longer prisoners of their biology thanks to contraceptives, and the stigma of subfertility is being reduced at the frontier of medical science. Couple this with vast improvements in breast cancer care and awareness, and you might think that feminism’s work is done in medicine. Indeed, some believe the pendulum has swung too far.

I would argue that in complacency and in gratitude we ignore legions of feminist issues still left to fight.

Firstly, consider the benevolent sexism deeply embedded in the culture of pregnancy: the patronising tendency to shelter women from the truths of childbirth. This attitude results from the gentlemanly tradition of protecting so called vulnerable …
Influence of chronic hypoxia on salbutamol tissular concentrations and on respiratory resistance in anesthetized rabbits.
Authors: S Perreault, C Saunier, C Duvivier, R Peslin, H Ong, P Du Souich
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Salbutamol is a potent beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist given to patients with bronchial asthma who are frequently hypoxemic. The aims of this study were to document the influence of chronic hypoxia on salbutamol tissue concentrations and on salbutamol effect on total respiratory resistance. To this purpose, salbutamol (60 micrograms/kg) was administered intravenously to four groups of six rabbits exposed to four experimental conditions: (1) control rabbits breathing air, (2) histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in rabbits breathing air, (3) animals with chronic hypoxia, (4) histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in animals with chronic hypoxia. The area under salbutamol plasma concentration time curve (0 to 45 min) was not affected by these experimental conditions. Compared with control rabbits breathing air, following histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, salbutamol concentrations rose by 40 to 50% in lung and heart (p < 0.05). Hypoxia did not affect salbutamol distribution in these organs; however, in hypoxic animals, histamine-induced bronchoconstriction increased salbutamol concentrations only in the heart (p < 0.05), without affecting those in the lung. Compared with rabbits breathing air and with histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, the effect of salbutamol was reduced in rabbits under chronic hypoxia and histamine-induced bronchoconstriction (p < 0.05). We conclude that chronic hypoxia reduces salbutamol effect on pulmonary resistance, possibly by decreasing salbutamol lung concentrations.
Republicans subtly reform US medicine
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1995)

If the devil is in the details then the health legislation wending its way through Congress has Lucifer's autograph on it. The reform bill that passed the House last week (p 1118) is touted as being a lifesaver for Medicare, the insurance plan for 37 million elderly Americans. What has not been greatly discussed are the deals that were made with various interest groups.

The American Medical Association, which represents about 45% of US doctors, has done especially well. House Speaker Newt Gingrich admitted that he cut a deal with the AMA that protected doctors from draconian fee cuts. What he did not admit so openly were more subtle …
Pooled RCTs: Alteplase within 4.5 hours of ischemic stroke improves the likelihood of good outcome
Authors: Ken Uchino
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Emberson J, Lees KR, Lyden P, et al; Stroke Thrombolysis Trialists' Collaborative Group. Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2014 Aug 5. Epub ahead of print 25106063
Oral Loading of Tacrolimus and Sub-Therapeutic Levels on the Day of Transplant Do Not Predict the Incidence of Acute Graft Versus Disease or Survival After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Jill MacPherson, Carlos Bachier, Charles F. LeMaistre, Hannah Sowell, Luis Garcia, Alessandra Curel-Sanchez, Wilma Cain, Ursula Caga, Jeremy Means, Paul Shaughnessy
Journal: Blood (2011)
Chronic Dietary Exposure to a Low-Dose Mixture of Genistein and Vinclozolin Modifies the Reproductive Axis, Testis Transcriptome, and Fertility
Authors: Florence Eustache, Françoise Mondon, Marie Chantal Canivenc-Lavier, Corinne Lesaffre, Yvonne Fulla, Raymond Berges, Jean Pierre Cravedi, Daniel Vaiman, Jacques Auger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

The reproductive consequences and mechanisms of action of chronic exposure to low-dose endocrine disruptors are poorly understood.
SAFETY OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATORS AND PERMANENT PACEMAKERS UNDERGOING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AT 1.5-TESLA
Authors: Roshan Vatthyam, Matthew Cantrell, Michael D. Elliott, Richard I. Fogel, Eric N. Prystowsky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Hepatitis B in refugees, guessing the prevalence
Authors: Jose Daniel Debes
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

I read with great interest the article by Rein et al.1 In this manuscript, the authors attempt to address the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in foreign-born persons living in the United States. The authors did so by requesting data on hepatitis B screening from refugee health coordinators around the country. The authors indicate that estimates for HBsAg prevalence from the study correspond to estimates from the literature for each country (where comparison is available). One should be very careful when extrapolating the findings of one group of refugees to an entire nation. Generally, refugees that enter one jurisdiction come from the same area in the country of origin. In sub-Saharan Africa, rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for each country vary according to regional areas; this is likely related to the habits and customs of each region within a country. The authors report a prevalence of HBsAg of 3.1% in refugees from Tanzania. The rates of HBsAg for Tanzania range from 4.2% in individuals negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),2 9.9% in the general population,3 to 17% in HIV-infected individuals.4 Most african countries in the study by Rein et al. are areas of high endemicity for HIV.5 Prevalence of HIV infection in a population is of importance when addressing prevalence, and relevance, of HBV infection. Patients infected with HIV are known to have higher rates of occult hepatitis B.6 This means that individuals will be negative for HBsAg, with positive anticore antibody and detectable HBV viral load. The consequences of occult hepatitis B are still under investigation. However, occult hepatitis B has been reported to reactivate in patients with HIV.7 Moreover, the effects and protection of vaccination against HBV in this population are unknown. Any study attempting to address prevalence of HBsAg in individuals from African countries should take into account the presence of HIV infection, in order to better evaluate the significance of the findings. I applaud the initiative of Rein et al. to try to achieve a much-needed clarification on the prevalence of HBsAg in refugees entering the United States. However, well-conducted prospective or cross-sectional studies with larger samples for each country are needed. Jose Daniel Debes M.D.*, * Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Abstract 4986: Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) interacts with nuclear HOXA5 and inhibits p53 expression in glioma stem cells
Authors: Christopher S. Gondi, Bharathi Gorantla, Daniel Fassett, Jeffrey D. Klopfenstein, Dzung H. Dinh, Meena Gujrati, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) participates in diverse physiological processes, including glioma progression. HOXA5 is a known regulator of p53 expression, and overexpression of HOXA5 has been shown to increase p53 expression. In this study, we have demonstrated that uPA not only translocates to the nucleus but also interacts with the transcription factor HOXA5. We used CD133- and CD44-enriched U87 human glioma cells and 4910 human glioma xenograft cells, which exhibit cancer stem cell properties. Nuclear localization of uPA was determined by western blot analysis of nuclear fractions and by immunocytochemistry. Glioma stem cells showed increased nuclear localization of uPA as compared to normal glioma cells. To determine the in vitro interaction of uPA with HOXA5, we initially used membrane immobilized transcription factors incubated with purified uPA protein and looked for strong protein-protein interactions. We observed that uPA binds preferentially to HOXA5 transcription factor. Subsequently, we immunoprecipitated uPA or HOXA5 from nuclear fractions of U87 and 4910 normal and stem cells and tested for co-precipitation of HOXA5 or uPA respectively. Again, the results showed that uPA binds preferentially to nuclear HOXA5. To determine the effect of uPA or HOXA5 downregulation on these glioma cells, we used RNAi-expressing plasmids targeting uPA or HOXA5. The results showed that downregulation of uPA alone induced overexpression of p53 in both normal and glioma stem cells. Glioma stem cells downregulated for uPA showed at least a 5-fold increase in p53 expression when compared to uPA downregulated normal glioma cells. Downregulation of HOXA5 alone did not show significant change in expression levels of p53; however, simultaneous downregulation of uPA and HOXA5 did not show change in expression levels of p53. To determine whether uPA interacts directly with HOXA5 binding sequences, we performed an electromobility shift assay (EMSA). We observed that uPA does not bind to HOXA5 sequences but rather forms a complex with HOXA5 bound to DNA. In vivo studies showed that subcutaneous tumors injected intratumorally with siRNA-expressing plasmids targeting uPA or HOXA5 either singly or simultaneously showed strong p53 expression in uPA downregulated tumors with no significant change observed in other treatment conditions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that uPA behaves as a negative regulator of p53 expression in glioma cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4986.
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SWINE TO THE VIRUS OF HUMAN INFLUENZA
Authors: Richard E. Shope, Thomas Francis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

Swine inoculated intranasally with human influenza virus alone develop an ill defined, mild, and usually afebrile illness of short duration. At postmortem the anterior lobes of the lungs of such animals contain scant, scattered areas of lobular atelectasis. Transmission of the virus for 5 serial passages through two groups of swine failed noticeably to enhance its pathogenicity for this species. The disease produced in swine by infection with human influenza virus alone is indistinguishable clinically and pathologically from that caused by infection with swine influenza virus alone. Transmission of human influenza virus from swine to swine by contact succeeded in only one of four attempts. Swine inoculated intranasally with a mixture of human influenza virus and H. influenzae suis usually develop a febrile, depressing illness similar to mild swine influenza. The pneumonia encountered in such animals at autopsy is similar to but less extensive than that seen in swine influenza. In some animals H. influenzae suis fails to become established and the disease then seen is identical with that caused by human influenza virus alone. The human influenza virus recovered after 5 serial transfers in swine was immunologically the same as that with which the experiments were begun.
Operative Neurosurgical Techniques: Indications, Methods and Results
Authors: Donald L. Erickson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

These two volumes have been compiled for the purpose of assisting neurological surgeons, both novice and experienced, in the selection and performance of operative procedures. I believe the subtitle "Indications, Methods and Results" is more ambitious than is required for this type of book, and a limited number of the chapters fulfill all three assignments. Most chapters are primarily concerned with methods of operative procedures, and that is the forte of this book. The more elusive topics of indications and results are, in many instances, too difficult to document or too complex to dogmatically state in this limited forum. Chapter 86 is an excellent example of a highly organized plan for treatment of posterior circulation aneurysm. General concepts, anesthetic technique, patient positioning, and the details of clipping the various aneurysms are presented in a logical and well-illustrated fashion. The transtemporal approach to the pineal area is similarly well presented in
Some Implications for a Preventive Program for American Indians
Authors: ROBERT L. LEON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Efforts to combat the psychosocial stresses existing within the Indian community should focus upon involving the Indian in the determination of his own fate. The author outlines a new role for the federal government in its historic relationship to the Indians—not as the traditional program developer but as a resource out of which constructive responses can be made to goals formulated by the Indian people themselves.
Allosteric inhibition of human lymphoblast and purified porphobilinogen deaminase by protoporphyrinogen and coproporphyrinogen. A possible mechanism for the acute attack of variegate porphyria.
Authors: P Meissner, P Adams, R Kirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Variegate porphyria (VP) is characterized by photocutaneous lesions and acute neuropsychiatric attacks. Decreased protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity results in accumulation of protoporphyrin (ogen) IX and coproporphyrin (ogen) III. During acute attacks delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen also increase, suggesting that porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D) may be rate limiting. We have examined the effects of porphyrinogens accumulating in VP on PBG-D activity in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblast sonicates from 12 VP and 12 control subjects. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity was decreased and protoporphyrin increased in VP lymphoblasts. PBG-D in control lymphoblasts obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vmax 28.7 +/- 1.8 pmol/mg per h, Hill coefficient 0.83 +/- 0.07). VP sonicates yielded sigmoidal substrate-velocity curves that did not obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Vmax was decreased (21.2 +/- 2.0 pmol/mg per h) and the Hill coefficient was 1.78 +/- 0.17. Addition of protoporphyrinogen IX and coproporphyrinogen III to control sonicates yielded sigmoidal PBG-D substrate-velocity curves and decreased PBG-D Vmax. Addition of porphyrins or uroporphyrinogen III did not affect PBG-D activity. Removal of endogenous porphyrin (ogens) from VP sonicates restored normal PBG-D kinetics. Purified human erythrocyte PBG-D obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vmax 249 +/- 36 nmol/mg per h, Km 8.9 +/- 1.5 microM, Hill coefficient 0.93 +/- 0.14). Addition of protoporphyrinogen yielded a sigmoidal curve with decreased Vmax. The Hill coefficient approached 4. These findings provide a rational explanation for the increased delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen during acute attacks of VP.
UPTAKE OF TECHNETIUM-99m-(Tc-99m)-LABELED-LIPOSOMES IN TUMOR-BEARING RATS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH IONIZING RADIATION DIRECTED TO TUMOR SITE.
Authors: B. Goins, T. Andrews, K. A. Sadeghi, R. Klipper, H. L. Liu, B. A. Woynarowska, T. S. Herman, W. T. Phillips
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine