tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Biological Basis of Schizophrenia
Authors: Herbert Meltzer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

It is generally accepted among serious students of schizophrenia that schizophrenia is not a single disease, but a syndrome with multiple causes, and that schizophrenia, because of the considerable evidence indicating a genetic component to its etiology, has a biologic basis. In recent years, attention has focused most heavily on the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine as the biological factor most important to the development of schizophrenia. However, the evidence for the role of dopamine in schizophrenia is largely indirect and, as we have argued, appears to be equally relevant to the psychosis factor that is common to the affective disorders and schizophrenia.<sup>1</sup>We have also pointed out that the time courses for the ability of the dopamine receptor blocking neuroleptics to alleviate psychotic symptoms and for those symptoms to reappear after discontinuing neuroleptic treatment are sufficiently discordant with the effect of these drugs on dopamine receptor blockade that
Careers of medical women.
Authors: A W Ward
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In autumn 1977 91% of the women who had graduated from United Kingdom medical schools in 1949-51 (early cohort) and 1965 (late cohort) were practising medicine. Over the first 12 years after qualification the late cohort was marginally more active in medicine and had more members in career and training posts than the early cohort. On the survey date 1 October 1977 (26-28 years after qualification) the participation index of the early cohort was 0.73 and of the late cohort (12 years) 0.65. Both cohorts show the bimodal career pattern characteristic of British women's occupational experience.
Frequency and Type of Renal and Electrolyte Disorders in Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Authors: S. P. Wilkinson, L. M. Blendis, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Of 48 patients with fulminant hepatic failure who progressed to grade III or IV encephalopathy 38 showed evidence of renal impairment. In 32 of these patients the underlying cause could be placed initially into one of three categories-prerenal uraemia (4 patients), acute tubular necrosis (16), and "functional renal failure" (12). The latter differed in several respects from that seen with liver failure secondary to cirrhosis. The frequency and type of renal impairment was the same in those patients in whom the fulminant hepatic failure had resulted from an overdose of paracetamol as in the other aetiological groups.Abnormalities in plasma electrolytes were common-in particular hypernatraemia occurred in 11 patients from an osmotic diuresis precipitated by hypertonic dextrose or fructose given intravenously, and from the sodium in the fresh frozen plasma used to correct the coagulation disturbance when renal excretion of this ion was inappropriately low.
A Low Right-to-left Hepatic Lobe Ratio
Authors: JULIO E. GARCIA, F ATKINS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

The anterior view of a liver-spleen scintigram performed with Tc-99m sulfur colloid was used to calculate the right-to-left (R/L) hepatic lobe ratio in three patients (acute hepatitis, normal, alcoholic cirrhosis). Emission computed tomography (ECT) was also performed, and the images correlated with the data obtained from the planar images. A low R/L hepatic lobe ratio correctly identified the patient with alcoholic cirrhosis. Streamlining of ethanol to the right (R) lobe of the liver has been suggested as the principal reason why the R/L hepatic ratio is decreased in alcoholic cirrhosis. The evaluation of the ECT images, however, suggest that the count density in each lobe of the liver is similar in the patient with alcoholic cirrhosis. The latter and known information regarding the absorption of ethanol from the gastrointestinal tract are not in agreement with the alcohol streamlining theory.
Marihuana — A Medical Review
Authors: Carl M. Lieberman, Beth W. Lieberman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE psychic and physiologic sequelae of the consumption of marihuana are of considerable medical interest. Although a substantial bibliography is available, it is frequently difficult to distinguish valid findings from anecdotal experiences. This report concerns what is known and what is unknown about marihuana.The first recorded information on the intoxicant potential of marihuana can be found in a pharmacopeia prepared for the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, dated 2737 B.C.1 Multiple reports of the medical use of marihuana subsequently appeared in the Indian and Arabic literature, and, in 1840, W. B. O'Shaughnessy, a British physician who had served in India, . . .
Plasma neurohormones as markers of right ventricular overload and predictors of mortality in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Igor I. Tulevski, Marye ten Wolde, Jasper W.M. Mulder, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Ernst E. van der Wall, Harry Buller, Barbara J.M. Mulder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
10-Year Survival of Patients with AIDS Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Haiti
Authors: Samuel Pierre, Deanna Jannat-Khah, Daniel W Fitzgerald, Jean Pape, Margaret L McNairy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

To the Editor: We report the 10-year survival rates in the first cohort of patients with AIDS who consecutively initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.A total of 910 patients 13 years of age or older who initiated ART from 2003 through 2004 were followed for 10 years; the initiation of ART and follow-up care were performed in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. 1 Details regarding this cohort have been reported previously, and ethics approval for the retrospective study was received from the relevant institutional review boards. 2,3Death was ascertained from medical records.Data from patients who transferred to another clinic were censored at the time of the transfer.Loss to follow-up was defined as the absence of a clinic visit within 180 days before the 10-year follow-up date.
Massive hemorrhage caused by failure of elastic band release during endoscopic variceal ligation
Authors: Side Liu, Yue Li, Chunli Cao, Zelong Han, Feng Xiong, Wen Xu, Xianfei Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 51-year-old man was transferred to our department as an emergency suffering from hematemesis for about half an hour. He had a medical history of alcoholic cirrhosis and had undergone splenectomy with portal azygos disconnection 6 years earlier. Emergency gastroscopy revealed severe esophageal varices with string-of-beads appearance. Active bleeding could be observed from the surface of the varicose veins ([Fig. 1]). Endoscopic variceal ligation was therefore indicated as the most appropriate therapeutic approach and a multiple band ligator (SpeedBand SuperView Super 7 Multiple Band Ligator; Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, United States) was used. When the esophageal varices and surrounding tissue were suctioned into the ligator cup at full power, the elastic band could not be released, leading to massive hemorrhage from the broken vessel as a result of the powerful suction ([Fig. 2 a]). Many attempts were made to release the elastic band but all failed. Therefore, we decided to withdraw gastroscopy and install a new multiple band ligator. The elastic band was successfully released this time and stopped the bleeding ([Fig. 2 b]).
Abstract 5667: Cytotoxicity of two-component drug delivery systems targeting HER2(+) cancer cells.
Authors: Sudath Hapuarachchige, Yoshinori Kato, Dmitri Artemov
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The HER2 (ErbB-2) is a class of epidermal growth factor receptors, which is overexpressed in 20-30% breast cancer cases that consequently show poor prognosis, cancer growth, and progression. Trastuzumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody widely used as a first line therapeutic against HER2(+) breast cancers. However, recent clinical observations reveal that approximately half of patients with HER2(+) disease do not benefit from trastuzumab or have disease that becomes refractory to it. The combination therapy based on antibody-drug conjugates is a promising strategy to overcome the immunotherapeutic resistance of tumors. Since single delivery components face the barriers of extravasation from vessels and diffusion to the target site, we have developed a sequential two-component delivery system where components are assembled on the target cell surface and internalized delivering high dose of therapeutics. In this study, trastuzumab was functionalized with PEGylated azide groups and labeled with rhodamine or NIR CF-680 dyes, to obtained T(PEG4-Az)8(Rhod/CF-680)2 as a first delivery component. Albumin (BSA) was functionalized with strain-promoted alkyne (DIBO), substituted with paclitaxel, and labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 or CF-750 to obtained A(DIBO)10(Pac)2(Alexa 488/CF-750)2 as the second delivery component. Substitution of paclitaxel was carried out with sulfo-NHS-paclitaxel which increases the solubility of the drug in reaction medium. While reduced solubility of paclitaxel modified BSA was observed for the substitution of &amp;gt;5 paclitaxel molecules, one to four paclitaxel substitutions on BSA shows no precipitations in PBS. The in vivo cytotoxicity of the two-component delivery system was assessed using HER2(+) overexperssing BT-474 breast cancer cells and a standard WST-8 assay. For in vitro therapeutic study, we used T(PEG4-Az)8(CF-680)2 and A(DIBO)10(Pac)2(CF-750)2 (with non-functionalized trastuzumab as the first component in controls). We observed an increased cytotoxicity of the two-component delivery system with IC50 of 0.101 μM, comparing to IC50 of 0.247 μM for the control. Citation Format: Sudath Hapuarachchige, Yoshinori Kato, Dmitri Artemov. Cytotoxicity of two-component drug delivery systems targeting HER2(+) cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5667. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5667
P443 INFECTIONS WITH RESISTANT BACTERIA IN HOSPITALIZED CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS CAUSE LONGER HOSPITAL STAY AND FREQUENT ICU TRANSFER
Authors: G. Çelik, R. Köksal, F. Bedir, G. Ata, M. Özer, S. Sancar, S. Kiliç, O.C. Özdoğan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Epidemiology of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Asian Americans: Incidence Patterns Among Six Subgroups by Nativity
Authors: Dan J. Raz, Scarlett L. Gomez, Ellen T. Chang, Jae Y. Kim, Theresa H.M. Keegan, Jane Pham, Jasleen Kukreja, Robert A. Hiatt, David M. Jablons
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Haemodynamics of Acute and Chronic Atrioventricular Block in Dogs
Authors: M. Turina, I. Babotai, W. D. Bussmann, H. P. Krayenbühl
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Haemodynamic evaluation was undertaken in sinus rhythm, immediately after the block production and 50 to 96 days later in non-thoracotomized dogs. The acute changes were determined by the fall of heart rate after the block production; in chronic block the adaptation via Frank–Starling mechanism, combined with the myocardial hypertrophy, was evident.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Probed as Potential Pathways to Illness
Authors: Richard Trubo
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neglected aspects of false positive findings of mammography in breast cancer screening: analysis of false positive cases from the Stockholm trial
Authors: E Lidbrink, J Elfving, J Frisell, E Jonsson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To examine the implications of false positive results of mammography in terms of the time lag from screening and complete mammography to the point when women with false positive results are declared free of cancer; the extra examinations, biopsies, and check ups required; and the cost of these extra procedures. <b>Design</b>: Review of women with false positive results from the Stockholm mammography screening trial. <b>Setting</b>: Department of Oncology, South Hospital, Stockholm. <b>Subjects</b>: 352 and 150 women with false positive results of mammography from the first and second screening rounds of the Stockholm trial. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Extra examinations and investigations required and the cost of these procedures. <b>Results</b>: The 352 women from the first screening round made 1112 visits to the physician and had 397 fine needle aspiration biopsies, 187 mammograms, and 90 surgical biopsies before being declared free of cancer. After six months 64% of the women (219/342) were declared cancer free. The 150 women in the second round made 427 visits to the physician and had 145 fine needle aspiration biopsies, 70 mammograms, and 28 surgical biopsies, and after six months 73% (107/147) were declared cancer free. The follow up costs of the false positive screening results were Kr2.54m (pounds sterling250000) in the first round and Kr0.85m (pounds sterling84000) in the second round. Women under 50 accounted for about 41% of these costs. <b>Conclusions</b>: The examinations and investigations carried out after false positive mammography—especially in women under 50—and the cost of these procedures are a neglected but substantial problem. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages These extra costs come from the examinations and investigations required during follow up—for example, repeated biopsy of benign tissue—before the patient is declared cancer free In this series the costs of following up women with false positive mammograms were almost one third of the cost of screening all women in the randomised Stockholm mammography trial These extra costs and other negative aspects of false positive results of mammography—especially in women under 50—are a neglected but substantial problem The benefits of mammography must be carefully weighed against the potential negative aspects, especially in women under 50
Passive Inhalation of Marijuana Smoke and Urinary Excretion of Cannabinoids
Authors: Mario Perez-Reyes
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  We have performed systematic studies designed to investigate whether the breathing of high concentrations of marijuana smoke by nonsmoking subjects (passive inhalation) could result in the urinary excretion of detectable amounts of cannabinoid material, which could produce positive results by the enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT).  Three studies in which the exposure to marijuana smoke was progressively increased were conducted. In each study, four experienced marijuana users smoked marijuana cigarettes in the presence of two nonsmoking subjects. They were confined in a closed environment for one hour after the beginning of marijuana smoking. All urine samples voided by the nonsmoking subjects were collected separately for 24 hours after marijuana smoke exposure, and the times of each voiding were recorded. For all the studies, a 15-mL aliquot of each urine sample was coded, immediately frozen, and was sent out for an evaluation of the presence of cannabinoids by
1181 VLS-732: A NEW ANTI-HCV COMPOUND ACTING AS AN NS5B POLYMERASE CONFORMATIONAL MODULATOR
Authors: P. Guedat, I. Valarché, M. Lahmar, A. Berecibar, A. Bertrand, L. Batard, A. Martin, A. Piessens, C. Fernagut, C. Freslon-Evain, L. Besnard, M. Ventura, T. Durand, C. Feray, M. Mehtali
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Inactivation of Numb and Numblike in Embryonic Dorsal Forebrain Impairs Neurogenesis and Disrupts Cortical Morphogenesis
Authors: Hua-Shun Li, Denan Wang, Qin Shen, Marcus D. Schonemann, Jessica A. Gorski, Kevin R. Jones, Sally Temple, Lily Yeh Jan, Yuh Nung Jan
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Obesity is associated with a lower probability of achieving sustained minimal disease activity state among patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Lihi Eder, Arane Thavaneswaran, Vinod Chandran, Richard J Cook, Dafna D Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

To assess whether overweight and obese patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are less likely to achieve sustained minimal disease activity (MDA) state compared to patients with normal weight.A cohort of patients was assessed at the University of Toronto PsA clinic at 6-12-month intervals according to a standard protocol from 2003 to 2012. Patients were categorised into the following groups according to their body mass index (BMI): normal (<25), overweight (25-30), and obese (>30). Sustained MDA was defined as achieving low disease activity state in five or more of the following domains for at least 1 year: skin, enthesitis, tender and swollen joint counts, pain, patient global assessment and function. Proportional odds discrete time to event analysis was used to investigate the association between BMI category and the achievement of sustained MDA.Of the 557 patients included in the study, 36.2% were classified as overweight and 35.4% were obese. Overall, 66.1% of the patients achieved sustained MDA during the follow-up period. A dose-response association was found between obesity and the probability of achieving sustained MDA in the multivariate regression analysis. Patients in the higher BMI categories were less likely to achieve sustained MDA compared those in the lowest BMI category (overweight: OR 0.66 p=0.003; obese: OR 0.53 p<0.0001) after adjusting for potential confounding variables.Overweight and obese patients with PsA are less likely to achieve sustained MDA compared to those of normal weight.
Fields of Effects of 2 Commercial Preparations of Botulinum Toxin Type A at Equal Labeled Unit Doses
Authors: Doris Hexsel, Camile Hexsel, Carolina Siega, Juliana Schilling-Souza, Francisco Telechea Rotta, Ticiana C. Rodrigues
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

This article provides new data on a controversial issue, the influence of doses on the diffusion characteristics of 2 botulinum toxins type A. OBJECTIVE To assess the fields of effect of abobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA at the same labeled unit dose (1:1 U) comparing sweat gland and muscle activity.A prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind study was conducted at the Brazilian Center for Studies in Dermatology in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The participants included 19 women.Each patient received 2 U of abobotulinumtoxinA on one side of the forehead and 2 U of onabotulinumtoxinA on the other side.Horizontal and vertical diameter and area of the fields of anhidrotic effect, the amplitude of evoked compound muscle action potentials, and the 4-point validated Wrinkle Severity Scale were assessed at 28 days.The horizontal and vertical diameters of the fields of effect and the areas were significantly larger for onabotulinumtoxinA than those obtained for abobotulinumtoxinA. There were no significant differences between the products in the Wrinkle Severity Scale scores and Evoked Compound Muscle Action Potentials. OnabotulinumtoxinA had significantly more diffusion than abobotulinumtoxinA when isovolumetric injections of the same labeled unit dose of the products were injected. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although many studies state that diffusion is product dependent and abobotulinumtoxinA diffuses more than onabotulinumtoxinA, findings from the present study confirm that diffusion is dose dependent and the more potent dose tested diffuses more. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01732809.
Firearm Injury Prevention
Authors: Keith J. Popovich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 August 1998Firearm Injury PreventionKeith J. Popovich, MDKeith J. Popovich, MDButte, MT 59701Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Cassel and colleagues [1] seek to establish an authority (physician) view to support a position that a majority of U.S. citizens opposes. Evidence for this claim is the fact that 31 states have passed laws giving citizens the right to carry concealed weapons. The authors fail to focus on the finding in their Table 5 that 70.5% of internists and 80.3% of surgeons think that one should not be forbidden the right to own a handgun. Will this article ever be quoted to reflect this support?The article confuses criminal use of firearms and accidental discharges. These ...References1. Cassel CK, Nelson EA, Smith TW, Schwab CW, Barlow B, Gary NE. Internists' and surgeons' attitudes toward guns and firearm injury prevention. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:224-30. Google Scholar2. Suter EA. Guns in the medical literature-a failure of peer review. J Med Assoc Ga. 1994; 83:133-48. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Butte, MT 59701 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1998Volume 129, Issue 4Page: 336KeywordsFirearm injuriesIschemiaNeuropathic painNeuropathyPainQuestionnairesSurgeonsSwimmingViolent crime Issue Published: 15 August 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Do We Know What We're Saying?
Authors: Maxwell Scarf
Journal: JAMA (1981)

There are many familiar phrases that facilitate conversation, and are completely understood, yet the precise definition of the key word in each of these phrases may be known to very few. Our first example is the well-known phrase "He ran the gamut of all the emotions." Everyone senses that the phrase implies a range, a scale, a series; but ask what a "gamut" is and remarkably few will answer correctly that it refers specifically to the musical scale: do, re, mi, fa, etc. Similarly, "He went scot-free" poses no difficulty in understanding, but embarrassment is certain if the meaning of "scot" is asked for. At one time, "scot" referred to a municipal tax, and anyone exempted from it was said to go scot-free. Over the years, the meaning has been extended to denote freedom from any punishment. Anything that delights, cheers, or gratifies may be said to "warm the cockles