tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Levels of the Herbicide Atrazine Alter Sex Ratios and Reduce Metamorphic Success in <i>Rana pipiens</i> Tadpoles Raised in Outdoor Mesocosms
Authors: Valérie S. Langlois, Amanda C. Carew, Bruce D. Pauli, Michael G. Wade, Gerard M. Cooke, Vance L. Trudeau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundThere are conflicting reports regarding the effects of atrazine (ATZ) on amphibian development. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms of action of ATZ in amphibians.ObjectivesOur aim in this study was to determine whether low concentrations of ATZ affect gonadal development and metamorphosis in the Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens.MethodsTadpoles were exposed in outdoor mesocosms to nominal concentrations of 0.1 and 1.8 μg/L of formulated ATZ from Gosner stage 27 (G27) to metamorphic climax (G42). Exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2; 1.5 μg/L) provided a positive control for induction of testicular oocytes in males. Endocrine-related gene expression and gonadal histopathology were examined at G42 and in a subset of premetamorphic G34 tadpoles that failed to metamorphose.ResultsGonadal gross morphology revealed that the 1.8-μg/L ATZ treatment produced 20% more females compared with the control. Histologic analysis revealed that 22% of EE2-treated males had testicular oocytes, whereas none were observed in any animals from the control or either ATZ groups. ATZ increased brain estrogen receptor α mRNA to 2.5 times that of the control at premetamorphosis and altered liver levels of 5β-reductase activity at metamorphosis. In contrast, brain aromatase mRNA level and activity did not change. ATZ treatments significantly reduced metamorphic success (number of animals reaching metamorphosis) without affecting body weight, snout–vent length, or age at metamorphosis. Gene expression analysis indicated that ATZ decreased the expression of deiodinase type 3 in the tail at premetamorphosis.ConclusionsOur study indicates that exposure to low concentrations of ATZ in experimental mesocosms alters gonadal differentiation and metamorphosis in developing R. pipiens.
How do we get the measure of patient care?
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The UK government’s latest plan is to try asking the patients rather than the doctors

Death is an end point we can all understand. When reading the latest clinical trial, I always find my eyes drawn to the column that shows mortality. This may be a little morbid, but no other measure has the crisp finality of death.

As a means of assessing the quality of care, however, it has many drawbacks. True, the heart surgeons have submitted to an audit of the number of their patients who die, enabling the public to weigh up the odds before going under the knife. But in most circumstances, mortality—even a run of bad results—tells us little about the quality of care.

In recent months both Papworth Hospital near Cambridge and Glasgow Royal Infirmary stopped their heart transplant programme after a number of deaths—seven out of 20 at Papworth, and four out of 11 at Glasgow. Both resumed after close scrutiny found no common factors behind the deaths.

I would be the last to criticise hospitals for taking precautionary action. It’s a lot better than dealing with the fallout if …
Injection sclerotherapy in portal hypertension.
Authors: S Pugh, G Sissons
Journal: Gut (1993)

We thank Mr O'Leary for his in- terest in our papers but find his comments a little difficult to follow.He is quite correct when he states that we did not measure secreted mucin in the supernatant of our culture plates and this would provide additional information about the actions of aspirin in vitro.His conclusion that these papers 'have not shown any effect of aspirin on gall bladder mucin synthesis' is, however, incorrect.Both in vitro and in vivo we were able to show consistent inhibition of mucin synthesis.Aspirin and NSAIDs undoubtedly have significant actions on the human gall bladder.This is confirmed by epidemiological findings,' biochemical studies such as these and other work in humans,2 and motility work.3Whether these actions are clinically or therapeutically significant does indeed remain open to question but no doubt will be answered through the pages of this and other journals over the next five years.
Risks and Benefits of Consumption of Great Lakes Fish
Authors: Mary E. Turyk, Satyendra P. Bhavsar, William Bowerman, Eric Boysen, Milton Clark, Miriam Diamond, Donna Mergler, Peter Pantazopoulos, Susan Schantz, David O. Carpenter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Beneficial effects of fish consumption on early cognitive development and cardiovascular health have been attributed to the omega-3 fatty acids in fish and fish oils, but toxic chemicals in fish may adversely affect these health outcomes. Risk-benefit assessments of fish consumption have frequently focused on methylmercury and omega-3 fatty acids, not persistent pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, and none have evaluated Great Lakes fish consumption.The risks and benefits of fish consumption have been established primarily for marine fish. Here, we examine whether sufficient data are available to evaluate the risks and benefits of eating freshwater fish from the Great Lakes.We used a scoping review to integrate information from multiple state, provincial, and federal agency sources regarding the contaminants and omega-3 fatty acids in Great Lakes fish and fish consumers, consumption rates and fish consumption advisories, and health effects of contaminants and omega-3 fatty acids.Great Lakes fish contain persistent contaminants--many of which have documented adverse health effects--that accumulate in humans consuming them. In contrast, data are sparse on omega-3 fatty acids in the fish and their consumers. Moreover, few studies have documented the social and cultural benefits of Great Lakes fish consumption, particularly for subsistence fishers and native communities. At this time, federal and state/provincial governments provide fish consumption advisories based solely on risk.Our knowledge of Great Lakes fish has critical gaps, particularly regarding the benefits of consumption. A risk-benefit analysis requires more information than is currently available on the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in Great Lakes fish and their absorption by fish eaters in addition to more information on the social, cultural, and health consequences of changes in the amount of fish consumed.
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2014 Update
Authors: Alan S. Go, Dariush Mozaffarian, Véronique L. Roger, Emelia J. Benjamin, Jarett D. Berry, Michael J. Blaha, Shifan Dai, Earl S. Ford, Caroline S. Fox, Sheila Franco, Heather J. Fullerton, Cathleen Gillespie, Susan M. Hailpern, John A. Heit, Virginia J. Howard, Mark D. Huffman, Suzanne E. Judd, Brett M. Kissela, Steven J. Kittner, Daniel T. Lackland, Judith H. Lichtman, Lynda D. Lisabeth, Rachel H. Mackey, David J. Magid, Gregory M. Marcus, Ariane Marelli, David B. Matchar, Darren K. McGuire, Emile R. Mohler, Claudia S. Moy, Michael E. Mussolino, Robert W. Neumar, Graham Nichol, Dilip K. Pandey, Nina P. Paynter, Matthew J. Reeves, Paul D. Sorlie, Joel Stein, Amytis Towfighi, Tanya N. Turan, Salim S. Virani, Nathan D. Wong, Daniel Woo, Melanie B. Turner
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Author(s): Go, Alan S; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Roger, Veronique L; Benjamin, Emelia J; Berry, Jarett D; Blaha, Michael J; Dai, Shifan; Ford, Earl S; Fox, Caroline S; Franco, Sheila; Fullerton, Heather J; Gillespie, Cathleen; Hailpern, Susan M; Heit, John A; Howard, Virginia J; Huffman, Mark D; Judd, Suzanne E; Kissela, Brett M; Kittner, Steven J; Lackland, Daniel T; Lichtman, Judith H; Lisabeth, Lynda D; Mackey, Rachel H; Magid, David J; Marcus, Gregory M; Marelli, Ariane; Matchar, David B; McGuire, Darren K; Mohler, Emile R; Moy, Claudia S; Mussolino, Michael E; Neumar, Robert W; Nichol, Graham; Pandey, Dilip K; Paynter, Nina P; Reeves, Matthew J; Sorlie, Paul D; Stein, Joel; Towfighi, Amytis; Turan, Tanya N; Virani, Salim S; Wong, Nathan D; Woo, Daniel; Turner, Melanie B; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
Contact Tracing to Control the Spread of HIV-Reply
Authors: George W. Rutherford
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate Drs Vernon and Hoffman's interest in our editorial and support use of the term partner notification, as proposed by the Centers for Disease Control,<sup>1</sup>for the spectrum of activities in which sexual partners of persons with sexually transmitted diseases are notified and counseled about their exposure. In this new nomenclature, contact tracing is referred to as "provider referral" and subsumes activities in which partners of infected patients are notified by health department staff.<sup>1</sup>To avoid confusion, we will use the term contact tracing. The question regarding partner notification as a disease control strategy for HIV infection is not whether HIV-infected individuals should notify their sexual partners of their exposure and refer them for evaluation. On this we all agree. Rather the question is what should the relative role of contact tracing be in a comprehensive HIV control program and what proportion of prevention and education
Reversible agranulocytosis related to azidothymidine therapy
Authors: Jonathan C. Goldsmith, Wendy Irvine
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Hematopoietic toxicity from Zidovudine (AZT) is fairly common, resulting in a requirement for red cell transfusions in up to 25% of patients. Reversible agranulocytosis occurred following approximately 1 week of AZT therapy in a man with AIDS. He recovered from the episode without incident. There was no evidence for underlying bone marrow dysfunction or an adverse drug reaction. Careful monitoring of AZT therapy continues to be of great importance.
Technique of vasectomy.
Authors: S S Schmidt
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In a vasectomy method reported as successful in 700 cases and 80 percent reversible the vas deferens is not resected.  The cut ends of the vas are fugurized and one cut end covered with the fascial sheath of the vas.  Ligatures are not recommended because they often cut into the lumen of the vas inviting leakage of spermatozoa spermatic granuloma and possible recanalization.  Semen analysis should begin after the tenth ejaculation.
Intensive Care Therapeutics
Authors: Charles L. Rice
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The critically ill patient frequently requires a plethora of pharmacologic manipulations. The need for a handbook covering the most common such manipulations encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been apparent for some time. One of the foremost authorities in the field has now edited a handbook intended to meet this need. The objective is to provide a reference source that is both easy to use in the midst of a crisis and complete enough for study during quieter moments. Each contributor is well qualified in his respective area and has brought much of the currently available knowledge to his subject. The chapter "General Use Medications" covers analgesics, sedatives and tranquilizers, anticoagulants, muscle relaxants, steroids, and other drugs likely to be used or considered for use in the critically ill patient. The tables are concise summaries, although drugs are suggested for some situations unlikely to confront the ICU staff,
Methotrexate in Leukemia Intramuscularly-Reply
Authors: Oleg S. Selawry
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Oral ulcerations indeed represent the most common dose-limiting factor in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia on a regimen of twice weekly parenteral administration of methotrexate (Mtx), as shown in Table 6 of the paper quoted.<i>Twenty</i>of 22 patients experienced such toxicity. This higher incidence of oral ulceration as compared with that among patients who received conventional daily oral doses of Mtx was clearly related to the prolonged exposure to Mtx and thus greater time at risk for patients receiving semiweekly parenteral medication (Fig 4). <i>Pronounced</i>ulcerations usually can be avoided by two measures. First, adequate renal function should be assured. Mtx is withheld when the level of blood urea nitrogen rises above 25 mg/100 cc or serum creatinine levels exceed 1.5 mg/100 cc because impaired renal function leads to inordinate toxicity secondary to Mtx retention. Second, the entire oral cavity should be thoroughly inspected prior to
Effects of amrinone, a cardiotonic drug, on calcium movements in dog erythrocytes.
Authors: J C Parker, J R Harper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Dog erythrocytes (RBC) have a system for passive Ca and Na movements that resembles the Ca-Na exchanger first described in cardiac muscle. Amrinone, a new cardiotonic drug active in humans with congestive heart failure, is shown to stimulate net Ca uptake by dog RBC. Amrinone's action is on Ca influx rather than efflux. The influence of Amrinone on Ca uptake is enhanced when the cells are placed in low Na media; raising external Na or lowering intracellular Na both abolish the effect of the drug. The data suggest that amrinone potentiates passive Ca entry into the cells by a Na-dependent pathway. If Ca moves through myocardial sarcolemma as it does through dog RBC membranes, then the inotropic action of amrinone can be explained on the basis that the drug increases intracellular Ca levels.
The use of anaesthesia in experimental research
Authors: S. C U Marsch, S. Dalmas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article The use of anaesthesia in experimental research Get access Stephan C U Marsch, Stephan C U Marsch Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE. UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sekge Dalmas Sekge Dalmas Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE. UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 3, March 1994, Pages 432–434, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.3.432a Published: 01 March 1994
OCCURRENCE OF THROAT INFECTIONS WITH STREPTOCOCCUS SCARLATINAE WITHOUT A RASH
Authors: FRANKLIN A. STEVENS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

During the winter of 1924 and 1925, an epidemic of hemolytic streptococcus infection occurred in the Presbyterian Hospital. The infections were prevalent among the nursing staff as well as among the patients admitted to the wards, and consisted chiefly of scarlatina, acute throat infections and infections of wounds. This epidemic has afforded the opportunity to study two phases of streptococcus infections: first, the infection of wounds by individuals who chronically carry hemolytic streptococci in the nose and throat, and, second, the etiology of cases of acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis occurring among contacts with scarlatinal patients. We will confine this report to the study of the streptococci obtained from the throats of the nurses with scarlet fever and acute streptococus throat infections, since the material relevant to wound infection is to be published elsewhere. 1   All the cases reported occurred among the nursing staff, which was housed in one building. The
Re: 'Ventricular arrhythmias induced by endothelin-1 or by acute ischemia: a comparative analysis using three-dimensional mapping' (Cardiovasc Res 2000;45:310–320)
Authors: R Becker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Although the technique of three-dimensional mapping obviously does not provide direct evidence as to whether ET-1-induced ventricular arrhythmias are purely due to ischemia or to a combination of direct electrophysiologic effects and ischemia, we still believe that a number of aspects argue against the hypothesis that ET-1 related arrhythmogenesis is exclusively based on ischemia:

1.  The fact that conduction and refractory properties remained entirely unaffected by ET-1.

2.  The difference in the mechanism responsible for the maintenance of …
Safety-Razor to Cut Thiersch Grafts
Authors: E. F. Conyngham
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Since several physicians are reporting their use of the safety-razor as a knife, I wish to report my early use of it as a section-cutter for Thiersch grafts. In this it excels Thiersch's planoconcave razor or any other instrument I ever used. To make the safety-razor practical it is best prepared by grinding about one-eighth inch off the comb or guard. Then one can cut to the right angle, and the length of the graft is limited only by the size of the part from which it is taken. I first used the safety-razor in this way Aug. 20, 1909, to graft after a scald of buttock and thigh.
A new scintigraphic method for determining left ventricular volumes.
Authors: K Nichols, M H Adatepe, G H Isaacs, O M Powell, D E Pittman, T C Gay, F R Begg
Journal: Circulation (1984)

A new scintigraphic count-based method for measuring absolute left ventricular volumes is presented. It is a fast and simple technique that allows geometrical assumptions to be avoided and is free of radiation attenuation corrections. This method requires the acquisition of an image of the left ventricle in the right anterior oblique projection and the collection of gated blood pool images in the left anterior oblique projection. To assess the accuracy of the method scintigraphic stroke volumes were compared with those derived from thermodilution measurements during cardiac catheterization in 20 subjects, and to assess its precision the technique was applied to phantom data of known radionuclide volumes. Excellent correlations were found between the scintigraphic and both the thermodilution (r = .98) and phantom data (r = .99). The reproducibility (r = .97) of results was investigated by repeating data acquisition and analysis for 15 subjects on two different days, and the interobserver variability (r = .97) of the method was studied by having two computer operators calculate volumes for the same patient data for 20 randomly selected studies.
Regulation of Krüppel-like Factor 6 Tumor Suppressor Activity by Acetylation
Authors: Dan Li, Steven Yea, Georgia Dolios, John A. Martignetti, Goutham Narla, Rong Wang, Martin J. Walsh, Scott L. Friedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a zinc finger transcription factor and tumor suppressor that is inactivated in a number of human cancers by mutation, allelic loss, and/or promoter methylation. A key mechanism of growth inhibition by wild-type KLF6 is through p53-independent up-regulation of p21WAF1/cip1 (CDKN1A), which is abrogated in several tumor-derived mutants. Here we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation that transactivation of p21WAF1/cip1 by KLF6 occurs through its direct recruitment to the p21WAF1/cip1 promoter and requires acetylation by histone acetyltransferase activity of either cyclic AMP–responsive element binding protein–binding protein or p300/CBP-associated factor. Direct lysine acetylation of KLF6 peptides can be shown by mass spectrometry. A single lysine-to-arginine point mutation (K209R) derived from prostate cancer reduces acetylation of KLF6 and abrogates its capacity to up-regulate endogenous p21WAF1/cip1 and reduce cell proliferation. These data indicate that acetylation may regulate KLF6 function, and its loss in some tumor-derived mutants could contribute to its failure to suppress growth in prostate cancer.
Triglycerides and Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Patrick E. McBride
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coping Behavior in Life-Threatening Circumstances
Authors: David A. Hamburg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Despite the omnipresence of threatening experiences, the human species displays remarkable resilience in adaptation. This has been significantly neglected until recent years in both clinical observation and systematic research. The present paper summarizes some information on coping behavior under stress and suggests the potential utility of such information in the practice of medicine. The information is drawn from studies dealing with situations of life-threatening illness and injury (severe burns, severe poliomyelitis, and childhood leukemia). Severe physical impairment, especially if it occurs suddenly and without warning, is an extreme test of coping capacities. Study of parents of leukemic patients elucidated reactions similar to those observed in studies of burn and polio patients. Coping strategies useful to persons of various ages, both sexes, and different socioeconomic backgrounds in facing a variety of tasks in several stressful situations of life-threatening significance are described.
Prostate cancer's complexities of causation, detection, and treatment challenge researchers
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1997)

EFFICACY testing is under way in Seattle, Wash, with an experimental vaccine that, it is hoped, will stimulate the immune system to combat metastasizing adenocarcinoma of the prostate.  Gerald P. Murphy, MD, DSc, director of research, Pacific Northwest Cancer Foundation, told a recent American Cancer Society (ACS) meeting in Reston, Va, that the phase II trial began earlier this year at Seattle's Northwest Hospital.  This trial involves 67 volunteers—35 men whose cancer has spread beyond the prostatic bed and is resistant to hormone therapy and 32 with evidence (rising prostate-specific antigen [PSA] levels) of local cancer recurrence after initial surgery or radiotherapy.  Earlier, Murphy and colleagues conducted phase I clinical acute or chronictoxicity trials with 51 volunteers whose advanced prostatic cancer had not responded to currently available forms of treatment. These men were divided into 5 groups, each of which received a variation of the vaccine regimen.  In an unexpected