tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Neuroscience
Authors: Gretchen L. Birbeck, Michael G. Hanna, Robert C. Griggs
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2540: Survival after cutaneous melanoma in kidney transplant recipients: a population-based matched cohort study.
Authors: Claire M. Vajdic, Alvin H. Chong, Patrick J. Kelly, Nicola S. Meagher, Marina T. van Leeuwen, Andrew E. Grulich, Angela C. Webster
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND Early detection and tailored treatment algorithms have resulted in improved outcomes for patients with cutaneous melanoma. Solid organ transplant recipients are at elevated risk of melanoma, and may have poorer outcomes than non-transplant recipients, although the evidence is unreliable. METHODS We conducted a national, population-based, matched cohort study of de novo invasive cutaneous melanoma in Australian kidney transplant recipients and in randomly selected members of the general population matched for age, sex, state of residence, and year of diagnosis (1982-2003). Melanoma histopathological characteristics were extracted from cancer registry notifications and date of death was obtained by linkage with the National Death Index (1982-2011). Kaplan Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the overall survival of transplant and non-transplant recipients, adjusted for matching and histopathological characteristics. RESULTS Compared to non-transplant recipients (n=202), melanomas in transplant recipients (n=75) were more likely to have a higher AJCC pathologic stage (P=0.003) at diagnosis. Survival was significantly lower for recipients compared to non-recipients, overall and for stage I melanomas (P&amp;lt;0.001). Transplantation was associated with a significantly increased risk of death (adjusted hazards ratio 8.06; 95% confidence interval, 3.92 to 16.6, P&amp;lt;0.0001). Pathologic stage (P=0.0004) and histology (P=0.009) also independently predicted risk of death. CONCLUSIONS Transplant recipients have a markedly poorer outcome than non-recipients after melanoma diagnosis. A review of patient education and skin cancer screening guidelines is warranted. Treatment algorithms developed for the general population with melanoma do not appear to apply to transplant recipients. Citation Format: Claire M. Vajdic, Alvin H. Chong, Patrick J. Kelly, Nicola S. Meagher, Marina T. van Leeuwen, Andrew E. Grulich, Angela C. Webster. Survival after cutaneous melanoma in kidney transplant recipients: a population-based matched cohort study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2540. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2540
B-lymphocyte alloantigens in Caucasians.
Authors: A Ting, M R Mickey, P I Terasaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Human B lymphocytes have been shown to have at least five polymorphic specificities defined by 32 antisera. The antisera were produced by absorption with pooled platelets to remove HLA activity and were selected out of over 400 tested sera. The sera that defined the five specificities had high correlation coefficients within a group (generally in the range of 0.6-0.9). As shown by the fit in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the five specificities appear to be determined by alleles at one genetic locus. No association between these specificities and HLA was noted.
Continuous-wave Doppler velocities and gradients across fixed tunnel obstructions: studies in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: A P Yoganathan, L M Valdes-Cruz, J Schmidt-Dohna, A Jimoh, C Berry, T Tamura, D J Sahn
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The simplified Bernoulli relationship appears to be quite accurate for predicting gradients across discrete valvular obstructions. Controversy exists about how accurately it predicts the severity of disease in longer segment obstructions. In this study we constructed a pulsatile model of subvalvular pulmonary stensosis in vitro to study nine custom-made subvalvular tunnels 2, 4, and 7 mm in length with flow cross sections of 0.5 to 1.5 cm2 and with the stenotic segment proximal to a nonstenotic bioprosthetic valve, and a pulsatile model in vitro of a 16 mm long tunnel-like ventricular septal defect (VSD) of varying cross-sectional area (0.20 to 0.64 cm2). We also compared the observations in vitro with those in an open-chest dog preparation with a tunnel-like interventricular communication. In the subpulmonic stenosis model, for each individual tunnel, 10 instantaneous peak gradients between 15 to 105 mm Hg were available. The pressure gradients across the tunnel alone, measured in the subvalvular area, were consistently higher than the measured gradients across the tunnel plus valve, suggesting some relaminarization of flow (i.e., a decrease in velocity) and pressure recovery (i.e., an increase in pressure) distal to the obstruction. Continuous-wave Doppler velocities across the 4 and 7 mm tunnels for the highest gradients were slightly lower than for the 2 mm tunnel at the same gradients, and it was only for the 0.5 cm2 cross section, 4 and 7 mm tunnels that there was a suggestion of minor viscous energy loss. For all the subvalvular tunnels studied, the Bernoulli relationship accurately predicted the results of the pressure drop across the tunnel only, while the gradient across tunnel plus valve was consistently lower. For the VSD tunnel model in vitro, the Doppler-derived gradients were approximately 40% higher than the measured gradients. The findings for the subvalvular and VSD tunnels in vitro and similar findings in the open-chest dogs with VSD suggest that relaminarization of flow and recovery of pressure occurred distal to the tunnel orifice, whereas continuous-wave Doppler findings correlate with the highest instantaneous gradients measured in the lowest pressure areas at the vena contracta of the tunnel.
Declining Age at HIV Infection in the United States
Authors: Philip S. Rosenberg, Robert J. Biggar, James J. Goedert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Age-specific data on the seroincidence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are difficult to obtain. Although several studies in special populations have shown relatively high seroprevalence and seroincidence in younger people, trends in the general population of the United States remain unknown. We and others1–3 have reported “back-calculation” methods to link data on the incidence of AIDS to data on the incidence of HIV infection, using knowledge of the distribution of the time from HIV infection (technically, seroconversion) to the onset of AIDS, which is known as the incubation distribution. By modeling the age-specific incidence of . . .
School-Based Clinics' Birth, Fertility, and Abortion Rates
Authors: Thomas F. Cullen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article supporting the concept of school-based clinics,<sup>1</sup>I note that you state that "the St Paul program showed a decline in fertility rates in four participating high schools, from 59 births per 1000 female students in 1976-1977 to 26 per 1000 in 1983-1984." I should point out that, while statistically the birth rate may be used as an assessment of the fertility rate, it is not an assessment of the number of pregnancies that occurred during the period. The resulting drop in the birth rate could be solely due to an increase in the number of abortions, and indeed the fertility rate, as measured by the number of pregnancies, may have increased during the same period. Perhaps you would clarify this for your readers.
Culture Against Man
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Henry is an anthropologist who has had varied experience. His research projects in old-age homes, in schools, and in the homes of psychotic children have all contributed to his disapproval of our contemporary culture. In Part I of this book, Henry analyzes the American character and our "pecuniary philosophy." A long chapter discusses advertising and emphasizes the questionable values and the tendency to distort thought. Following this is a discussion of our probably exaggerated fears of the Soviet Union. The second and longest part deals with some undesirable aspects of our child rearing. An especially interesting chapter reports observations which university students made in a high school. They found that, despite some interest in scholarship, the chief emphasis was on impulse release and fun. The author concludes that the five high school students examined intensively were all motivated by a need to escape something. The chapter describing the daily
H-2 restriction of suppressor T-cell induction by hapten-modified lymphoid cells in tolerance to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene contact sensitization.
Authors: S D Miller, M S Sy, H N Claman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Studies using hapten-modified lymphoid cells as tolerogens for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene contact sensitization have shown that BALB/c(H-2d) mice can be made phenotypically tolerant by dinitrophenyl (DNP) on either syngeneic or allogeneic mouse lymphoid cells (DNP-LC). However, suppressor T-cell induction (Ts) in these mice (as demonstrated by adoptive transfer to syngeneic recipients) was restricted to H-2 identity between the DNP-LC and the donor mouse. It was also shown that identity at the right end of the H-2 complex was sufficient for Ts induction. In addition, this restriction was also demostrated in CBA (H-2 K) mice and for tolerance in the 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene contact sensitivity system using trinitrophenyl-modified lymphoid cells.
Does non-specific bronchial responsiveness indicate the severity of asthma?
Authors: L K Josephs, I Gregg, S T Holgate
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

It is difficult to analyse the relationship between bronchial responsiveness and the severity of asthma since each alone is difficult to assess. Asthma is a heterogeneous condition with many patterns of expression, and clinical methods used to assess its severity have their limitations. Problems also arise in interpreting the results of bronchial provocation tests and methodological differences make comparisons between studies difficult. The findings of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown a general relationship between the degree of responsiveness and the severity of asthma, but within subjects the relationship is weaker. A greater understanding must await increased knowledge of the mechanisms underlying asthma and the contribution which hyperresponsiveness makes to each of these.
Coronary collateral development in swine after coronary artery occlusion.
Authors: F C White, S M Carroll, A Magnet, C M Bloor
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

We have quantified the development of the coronary collateral circulation in the pig. The collateral circulation was induced to grow by placing an ameroid occluder on the left circumflex coronary artery. Two to 16 weeks after ameroid placement, the coronary collateral circulation was identified after the injection of several colors of a silicone polymer into the coronary arteries and the aorta. We identified intercoronary and extracardiac collaterals and quantified their number, location, size, and wall thickness. Intercoronary collaterals grew to a level that represents a 14-fold increase in normal collateral blood flow under resting conditions compared with the values in an animal not subjected to coronary artery occlusion. Extracardiac collaterals could potentially supply approximately 30% of resting flow. The sources of the extracardiac collaterals were the bronchial and internal mammary arteries. Coronary collateral morphometry and DNA synthesis in the pig heart also were examined. Coronary collaterals had significantly less smooth muscle than did normal arterioles. This may account, in part, for the reduced response of the coronary collaterals to vasodilators. We observed intense DNA synthesis in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the first 2 or 3 weeks of ischemia. However, DNA synthesis rapidly ceased after this time, coincident with coronary collateral reserve values (ischemic/nonischemic regional blood flow ratios during maximal vasodilation) reaching their maximum level. This suggests that failure of the vessels to continue proliferating accounts for the occurrence of the plateau in blood flow levels.
Abstract 5664: The antiangiogenic effect of two drugs loaded nanocarriers and its potential application for cancer metronomic treatment.
Authors: Adam G. Alani, Gyan Mishra
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: To synthesize and evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of individual and mixed paclitaxel (PTX) and rapamycin (RAP) conjugated micelles Methods: RAP or PTX were conjugated to poly(ethyleneglycol)-block-poly(aspartate-hydrazide) utilizing a pH-sensitive linker based on hydrazone prodrug strategy. The synthesized drug-polymer conjugates were characterized using NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). RAP and PTX polymer conjugates, PEG-RAP and PEG-PTX respectively were assembled into individual and mixed micelles. The size of these micelles was determined using dynamic light scattering. The micelle drug content was quantified by RP-HPLC. The antiangiogenic effect of individual and mixed micelles was evaluated in in vitro Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) model through proliferation, tube formation and migration assays. The HUVEC cell proliferation was evaluated by the CellTiter-Blue® Cell Viability Assay, the tube formation was evaluated by measuring the total area covered by the HUVEC capiliary formation while the HUVEC cell migration was determined by xCELLigence System. Results: PEG-RAP and PEG-PTX were successfully synthesized and the molecular weight of the polymers was determined by GPC and NMR. The number of drug molecules attached to the polymer for RAP and PTX were 22 and 25 respectively. PEG-RAP and PEG-PTX were assembled into individual and mixed micelles as mono dispersed populations in the range of 40-100nm. The IC50 of PEG-RAP and PEG-PTX individual micelles were 12μM and 2nM respectively. The mixed micelles showed synergistic effect in inhibiting the HUVEC cell proliferation. Individual and mixed micelles inhibited HUVEC tube formation and migration with the mixed micelles showing a synergistic effect. Conclusions: We were successful in synthesizing new conjugates of RAP and PTX with a pH-sensitive linker. These polymers were formulated into individual and mixed micelles. Antiangiogenic effect was observed with individual and mixed micelles. The antiangiogenic effect was synergistically enhanced with the use of mixed micelles. Citation Format: Adam G. Alani, Gyan Mishra. The antiangiogenic effect of two drugs loaded nanocarriers and its potential application for cancer metronomic treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5664. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5664
Abstract IA02: Macrophage entry in hypoxia: Implications for cancer and angiogenesis
Authors: Massimiliano Mazzone
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Cancer typically has an inflammatory nature. Of all immune cells invading the tumor, the role of macrophages remains controversial because of their functionally distinct differentiation states. Classically activated (M1-like) macrophages and alternatively activated (M2-like) macrophages represent the two extremities of a continuum, in which the former are proinflammatory and tumoricidal, whereas the latter display pro-angiogenic and protumoral activities. This heterogeneity reflects the plasticity and versatility of these cells in response to microenvironmental signals. The tumor environment is constituted of cancer cells and stromal cells that coexist under different oxygen tensions and the influence of soluble factors. A plethora of (hypoxia-induced) cytokines and chemokines can define the macrophage phenotype and their positioning within the tumor. Understanding the signals that lead to macrophage positioning in different tumor niches and how this reflects macrophage phenotypes can open new opportunities for cancer treatment. We have elucidated an elegant mechanism by which macrophages are recruited and retained in avascular hypoxic niches of the tumor, where they exert their immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic activity. Hypoxia by itself indeed strongly affects macrophage function, as the cells are forced to adapt and alter their metabolism, which is accompanied by a drastic change in their transcriptome and proteome. We have found that the resultant metabolic changes drive macrophages towards a pro-angiogenic phenotype in an attempt to restore oxygenation. Soluble factors derived from the tumor exacerbate this macrophage shift by further enforcing this metabolic adaptation. As a consequence, tumor blood vessels are abnormal and dysfunctional, thus perpetuating hypoxia, which in turn fosters metastasis. By using genetic tools in mice, we show that inhibiting macrophage recruitment in hypoxic niches, or altering their metabolic and energetic state can break this feed-forward loop, resulting in normalized blood vessels and thus, strongly reducing metastatic dissemination. Citation Format: Massimiliano Mazzone. Macrophage entry in hypoxia: Implications for cancer and angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-IA02
Pulmonary Disability in Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis
Authors: J. P. Lyons, R. Ryder, H. Campbell, J. Gough
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Results from a correlation survey which compared radiological and physiological findings during life with detailed morbid anatomical findings in the lungs of 247 deceased miners and ex-miners with pneumoconiosis were used to assess the extent and significance of their pulmonary disability.Coal workers' pneumoconiosis usually caused progressive impairment of ventilation, which in the simple type of disease was not related to radiological category. In such cases the presence of emphysema was found to be a more important factor in determining the impairment of ventilation than the radiological category of simple pneumoconiosis.
Doctors in the Making: Memoirs and Medical Education
Authors: Preeti N. Malani
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Southall is cleared of serious professional conduct
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The child protection paediatrician David Southall has been cleared of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council over actions he took in two cases between 13 and 22 years ago.

A GMC fitness to practise panel found him not guilty of serious misconduct in keeping special case files separate from hospital medical records on two children without sufficient signposting, and sending a copy of a letter detailing child protection concerns about one of the children to the paediatrics department at the child’s local hospital, without addressing it to a specific paediatrician.

Several paediatricians called on behalf of Dr Southall gave evidence that both were minor errors. Dr Southall sent the letter about Child H in …
Desloratadine inhibits GM-CSF secretion from nasal mucosa and polyps and eosinophil survival induced by epithelial cells*1
Authors: J. Mullol, J. Roca-Ferrer, G. Güell, I. Alobid, P. Benítez, M. Bernal, A.L. Valero, C. Picado
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
The Making of a Doctor: Medical Education in Theory and Practice
Authors: Carl Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Medical education is in bad shape. That it is nasty, brutish, and long is but the least of its problems. The real worry is that it is inefficient, misguided, and even damaging: a training course for body mechanics. Unfortunately, blueprints for changing the system are usually as tedious as they are unrealistic. If there is any match for struggling through the course of medical education, it is reading a book about it. Thus it is startling to find a book about medical education as refreshingly candid and engaging as this one. Perhaps this is because the authors are British and therefore less inclined toward educational jargon than their American counterparts. Or perhaps it has something to do with the fact that each has one foot outside the medical school. Downie is a philosopher, and Charlton is a physician turned anatomist and litterateur. Both teach at Glasgow University in Scotland, and,