tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Barry Lewis Coulton
Authors: George Thorpe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Dorridge, Solihull (b Ashby-de-la-Zouch 1940; q Birmingham 1964; FRCP), d 20 March 2004.

After qualification and experience in hospital medicine, Lewis joined a training practice at Bidford-on-Avon before taking a partnership. During his trainee year an interest in rheumatology led to a medical assistant appointment. Another interest, horseracing, led to his appointment as racecourse doctor at Warwick and Stratford. Lewis held both these posts until his death. It was his proud boast that in 34 years he did not miss a single race meeting. He leaves a wife, Rita; two daughters; and a granddaughter
COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING OF NEW-BORN
Authors: Guy L. Bliss
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —With the welfare of the community at heart, physicians are quick to seize on anything that may assist in the relief of suffering and the prolonging of life. Complementary feeding of new-born babies during the first two weeks of life has been tried during the last two years by men in various parts of the country, and commendatory reports have been made. Only short series of cases have been reported, with one exception. In none of these reports have the records of the babies been followed after their discharge from the hospital. There are, therefore, no data available as to whether these babies surpass in any way those that have had no complementary feeding during the first two weeks.  The weight at the end of the first two weeks should not be accepted as a criterion of success. We are not raising pigs for the market. Other
Embolectomy for Chronic Pulmonary Embolism and Hypertension
Authors: GORDON F. MOOR, DAVID C. SABISTON
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The case of a 31-year-old Negro who had had two admissions to the hospital at which pulmonary emboli were diagnosed is reported. On his third admission with chest pain, hemoptysis, and dyspnea, chest roentgenograms revealed increased pulmonary vascular markings on the right and a prominent pulmonary artery which was sharply cut off. ECG changes were typical of pulmonary artery obstruction and pulmonary scan revealed a small perfusion defect in the lower lobe of the right lung and complete absence of perfusion in the left lung. The left pulmonary artery was occluded. An organized thrombus was removed from the left pulmonary artery and from most of its distal branches. Good back flow ensued, and 10 months after operation the patient was well except for some edema of the leg. A discussion of the problems and indications for pulmonary embolectomy is offered.
Movement Disorders on YouTube — Caveat Spectator
Authors: Maria Stamelou, Mark J. Edwards, Alberto J. Espay, Victor S. C. Fung, Mark Hallett, Anthony E. Lang, Marina A. J. Tijssen, Kailash P. Bhatia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Seven neurologists independently reviewed YouTube videos of patients described as having dystonia, Parkinsonism, chorea, myoclonus, tics, or tremor. These experts rated 19 of 29 popular videos as actually showing psychogenic movement disorders rather the conditions listed.
Slow progress on sanitation puts 2.6 billion people at risk
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The world is on course to meet drinking water targets for 2015, but slow progress on sanitation means that 40% of the world's population is at risk of disease or death, a new report has warned.

More than 2.6 billion people lack access to basic sanitation and 1.1 billion still use unsafe drinking water, says the report from the World Health Organization and Unicef, published last week.

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Collecting water from the Yellow River, China 

Credit: CHIRS STOWERS/PANOS

Global sanitation coverage rose from 49% of the population in 1990 to 58% in 2002, but the report …

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Updated New Zealand cardiovascular disease risk-benefit prediction guide
Authors: R. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Addition of HER2-targeted agents to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has dramatically improved pathological complete response (pCR) rates in early stage Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Still, up to 50% of patients have residual disease following treatment and biomarkers predictive of response are urgently needed. We performed spatial proteomic characterization using NanoString GeoMX Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of 122 samples from 57 HER2-positive breast tumors from the neoadjuvant TRIO-US B07 clinical trial (discovery cohort, n=28; validation cohort, n=29) sampled pre-treatment, after 14-21 days of HER2-targeted therapy and at surgery. <i>In situ</i> quantification of 40 tumor and immune proteins across multiple pancytokeratin-enriched regions per sample revealed that treatment results in decreased HER2 signaling and increased immune infiltration after several weeks of therapy. These changes were more dramatic in tumors that ultimately undergo pCR, and a classifier trained to predict pCR using on-treatment and pre-treatment DSP protein levels had a cross-validation mean Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) of 0.733 in the discovery cohort and validated in an independent cohort (AUROC = 0.725). Thus, we demonstrate robust stratification of sensitive tumors early during neoadjuvant HER2-targeted therapy using a multiplex spatial proteomic biomarker with implications for tailoring subsequent therapy.
Diagnosis of Homozygous α-Thalassemia in Cultured Amniotic-Fluid Fibroblasts
Authors: Vivian Wong, Ho Kei Ma, David Todd, Mitchell S. Golbus, Andrée M. Dozy, Yuet Wai Kan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE α-thalassemias in Asian populations are primarily caused by deletion of the α-globin structural genes.1 2 3 4 5 6 In the fatal condition of homozygous α-thalassemia associated with hydrops feta...
P378Variant rs2200733 on chromosome 4q25 independently confers increased risk of atrial fibrillation in a greek population
Authors: K Kalinderi, N Fragakis, KC Koskinas, D Katritsis, K Letsas, M Efremidis, K Rossios, V Skeberis, V Vassilikos, L Fidani
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia with evidence of genetic susceptibility. The rs2200733 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a noncoding region on chromosome 4q25 has been associated with AF. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the distribution of the rs2200733 polymorphism in a Greek population with AF. Methods: All individuals included in our study, were genotyped for the presence of the rs2200733 using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLPs) method. Results: A total of 295 subjects of Greek origin, 167 AF patients and 128 controls were included in the study. Patients with AF were less often male, had a lower incidence of coronary artery disease, and had larger left atria diameter (LA) diameter compared to controls. The T/T genotype and the T allele were detected more frequently in patients with AF compared to controls (13.2% vs. 2.3%, p=0.001 and 29.6% vs. 17.9%; p=0.001). T/T genotype and LA diameter were the only independent predictors of AF (OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.40-2.98; p=0.005 and OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.83-5.62; p<0.001, respectively). A trend of association was observed between the T/T genotype and lone AF (p=0.08). Conclusion: Our results suggest that SNP rs2200733 confers a significant risk of AF in a Greek population, providing further support to the previously reported association between AF and rs2200733 polymorphism on chromosome 4q25.
Images Before and After Splenectomy Showing the Distribution of Homologous ln-111 Platelets in a Case of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: IVOR SURVEYOR, BRIAN P. MULLAN, ANDREW L. BARR, PAUL K. CANNELL, MICHAEL C.C. LILL, MAX E. WHISSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

ln-111 donor platelet studies were performed before and after splenectomy on a 63-year-old man with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Donor platelets supplied by the Australian Blood Transfusion Service were used. The patient's platelet count ranged from 1 to 20 x 109/1–1. Bone marrow examination showed plentiful megakaryocytes. In this case, the ITP did not respond to any remedial measures, including corticosteroids, highdose intravenous gamma globulin therapy, and treatment with danazol, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and vincristine-labeled platelets. The patient eventually suffered a left parietal haemorrhage and died. Death was attributed to ischemic heart disease.
Hepatitis B virus infection among family members of HBSAG-positive individuals in Bangladesh
Authors: M.G. Azam, M.A.K. Rumi, K.N. Hasan, A.K. Chowdhury, M. Salimullah, M.A. Hasanat, M.S. Hassan, A.K.Azad Khan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Abstract C91: PyVmT luminal and EMT cell lines exhibit characteristic patterns of orthotopic and tail vein metastasis
Authors: Lesley G. Ellies, Christopher Kuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Understanding pathways leading to metastasis remains a primary goal of breast cancer research. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be critical in this process as tumor cells migrate through the stroma and undergo deformation while passing endothelial cells to enter the circulation. To examine the role of EMT in tumor metastasis, we have developed a number of stable cell lines in polyomavirus middle T (PyVmT) mammary tumors congenic in the C57Bl/6 background. In this study we characterized the metastatic properties of a luminal cell line Py230 and an EMT cell line Py8119, both of which have cancer stem cell properties of self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation. Py230 cells form well-differentiated epithelial adenocarcinomas typical of the spontaneous PyVmT model when injected orthotopically. Injection of 1-10 cells at a single site can give rise to 1-2 metastases over a period of approximately 20 weeks, however the number of metastases can be increased and the duration of the experiment reduced, by injecting 106 cells at 4 sites and removing the tumors at 5-6 weeks when they reach 7-8 mm diameter. After an additional 4-5 weeks multiple lung metastases are visible. Multiple lung metastases can also be achieved by tail vein injection of 5 x 105 cells and inflammation plays a role in the growth at this site as a significant reduction in metastasis is observed in mice lacking the inducible nitric oxide synthase. No Py230 tumor metastases are found in other tissues such as liver, kidney or spleen either with orthotopic or tail vein injection. In contrast, Py8119 cells form highly invasive, poorly differentiated claudin low EMT tumors upon injection into the mammary fat pad. The tumors grow rapidly, but excision does not result in lung metastasis despite their highly invasive phenotype, indicating that EMT alone is not sufficient for metastasis from the mammary fat pad. However, when the cells are injected into the tail vein, metastases develop at multiple tissue sites including lung, liver, kidney and spleen. Py8119 cells upregulate markers of EMT including twist, sna1, sna2 and MMP2 in comparison to Py230 cells, but whether Py230 cells undergo transient EMT and MET during metastasis is currently unknown. Additional luminal or EMT cell lines exhibit similar patterns of metastasis to the Py230 and Py8119 cell lines respectively. Since the majority of human breast cancers are luminal and the less frequent claudin low tumors have a poor prognosis, both the Py230 and Py8119 cell lines should be a useful in dissecting pathways of metastasis relevant to human breast cancer. Citation Format: Lesley G. Ellies, Christopher Kuo. PyVmT luminal and EMT cell lines exhibit characteristic patterns of orthotopic and tail vein metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C91.
The p38 MAPK Pathway Mediates Aryl Propionic Acid–Induced Messenger RNA Stability of p75NTR in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Emily J. Quann, Fatima Khwaja, Daniel Djakiew
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The p75NTR acts as a tumor suppressor in the prostate, but its expression is lost as prostate cancer progresses and is minimal in established prostate cancer cell lines such as PC-3, DU-145, and LNCaP. Previously, we showed that treatment with R-flurbiprofen or ibuprofen induced p75NTR expression in PC-3 and DU-145 cells leading to p75NTR-mediated decreased survival. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which these drugs induce p75NTR expression. We show that the observed increase in p75NTR protein due to R-flurbiprofen and ibuprofen treatment was accompanied by an increase in p75NTR mRNA, and this increase in mRNA was the result of increased mRNA stability and not by an up-regulation of transcription. In addition, we show that treatment with R-flurbiprofen or ibuprofen led to sustained activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway with the p38 MAPK–specific inhibitor SB202190 or by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of p38 MAPK protein prevented induction of p75NTR by R-flurbiprofen and ibuprofen. We also observed that siRNA knockdown of MAPK-activated protein kinase (MK)-2 and MK3, the kinases downstream of p38 MAPK that are responsible for the mRNA stabilizing effects of the p38 MAPK pathway, also prevented an induction of p75NTR by R-flurbiprofen and ibuprofen. Finally, we identify the RNA stabilizing protein HuR and the posttranscriptional regulator eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E as two possible mechanisms by which the p38 MAPK pathway may increase p75NTR expression. Collectively, the data suggest that R-flurbiprofen and ibuprofen induce p75NTR expression by increased mRNA stability that is mediated through the p38 MAPK pathway. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11402–10]
Abstract 4525: mTOR complex inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy in high-grade papillary serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Fernanda Musa, Amandine Alard, Gizelka David-West, Iulia Giuroiu, Stephanie Blank, Bhavana Pothuri, John P. Curtin, Robert Schneider
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objectives: To compare mTOR complex 1 inhibition (RAD001) vs. mTOR complex 1/2 inhibition (PP242) as single agents and with Carboplatin (CPP) in a preclinical model of serous ovarian cancer (OVCA). Methods: In vitro: OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cell lines were exposed to the following treatment conditions: RAD001 or PP242 as single agents, vehicle, CPP alone, and RAD001 or PP242 followed by CPP. Colony forming assays (CFAs) were performed and quantified. mRNA levels of AKT, downstream targets of mTOR and the DNA repair response (ATR, ATM, BRCA1/2) were quantified by qRTPCR. Immunoblots characterized the protein expression of key components of mTOR and DNA repair pathways. Non-parametric analyses were used to compare results across groups on SPSS. In vivo: OVCAR3 cells expressing F-Luciferase were injected IP into SCID-BG mice. 15 wks post-injection, mice were exposed to the treatment conditions described above for 4 weeks. Tumor growth and response to treatment were assessed using bioluminescence imaging (IVIS). Results were analyzed on Living Image and Prism6. Results: In vitro: OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells are highly sensitive to mTOR inhibition. CFAs showed significantly decreased colony counts and diameter in groups exposed to either PP242 or RAD001 vs. control, an effect that was potentiated by CPP (Fig 1). qRTPCR revealed a significant decrease in 4EBP1 mRNA with mTOR inhibition (p&amp;lt;0.0001), but no change in other biomarkers. Although treatment with both mTOR inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of p-S6 by immunoblots, treatment with the dual inhibitor (PP242) caused a decrease in p-AKT, p-4EBP1, total and p-CHK1, and total and p-BRCA1. The levels of these proteins were not changed by addition of CPP despite the significant effect observed in the functional assay (CFA). In vivo: Treatment with CPP + PP242 was associated with a longer median survival than other treatment groups (Table 1). A decrease in tumor burden was seen on IVIS and tumor flux (photons/sec) at the end of treatment was significantly lower in mice treated with CPP+PP242 compared to other groups (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Our preclinical model supports the concurrent use of dual mTOR inhibitors and platinum chemotherapy in the treatment of OVCA. mTOR complex 1/2 inhibition impairs the DNA repair response and correlates with improved survival in a murine model. Citation Format: Fernanda Musa, Amandine Alard, Gizelka David-West, Iulia Giuroiu, Stephanie Blank, Bhavana Pothuri, John P. Curtin, Robert Schneider. mTOR complex inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy in high-grade papillary serous ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4525. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4525
Factors that limit brain volume changes in response to acute and sustained hyper- and hyponatremia
Authors: Malcolm A. Holliday, M. N. Kalayci, Jean Harrah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Rats were made acutely hyper- or hyponatremic by infusion of hypertonic saline or water, respectively. Other rats were maintained in these states from 1 to 7 days to observe the effects of time. Brain tissue water, Na, Cl, and K were compared with serum Na and Cl concentration (Na(E) and Cl(E)). The following observations are noted: Brain Cl content varies directly with Cl(E) and brain Na content in the Cl space (Na(e)) varies directly with Na(E), indicating little or no restraint on the inward or outward movement of Na or Cl from the Cl space of brain. The intracellular volume of brain fluid (V(i)) derived as the difference between total water and Cl space, decreases with hypernatremia and increases with hyponatremia. The changes in V(i) in the acute studies are not accompanied by any change in brain K content, or calculated intracellular Na content, and are approximately 0.6 the changes predicted from osmotic behavior of cells, which apply four assumptions: (a) Na(E) is proportional to osmolality; (b) brain osmolality remains equal to plasma osmolality; (c) V(i) is osmotically active; and (d) there is no net gain or loss of solute from V(i). The validity of these assumptions is considered. When changes in osmolality are sustained, V(i) is much closer to control values than when in the acute phase. K content increases in hypernatremia and decreases in hyponatremia. The changes in K content can account for some of the adjustment in V(i) observed over the extended period of hyper- or hyponatremia. The regression of (Na + K)/v upon Na(E) describes a slope less than 1.0 and an intercept of (Na + K)/v equal to 40% of the control (Na + K)/v. These characteristics are interpreted to mean that significant quantities of Na and K in brain are osmotically inactive. The brain protects itself from acute volume changes in response to change in Na(E) by the freedom for Na and Cl to move from the Cl space, by V(i) not changing acutely to the degree predicted from osmotic properties of cells in general, and by significant quantities of Na + K in V(i) being osmotically inactive. With sustained changes in osmolality, V(i) approaches normal values and brain K changes to account for part of this later adjustment.
Variant hemoglobin phenotypes may account for differential erythropoiesis-stimulating agent dosing in African-American hemodialysis patients
Authors: Vimal K. Derebail, Patrick H. Nachman, Nigel S. Key, Heather Ansede, Ronald J. Falk, Wayne D. Rosamond, Abhijit V. Kshirsagar
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Henry Jackson, Frederic Parker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

IN THE last analysis, the diagnosis of any type of Hodgkin's disease must rest on a properly executed biopsy. It is true that in certain advanced cases of Hodgkin's granuloma with generalized lymphadenopathy, evidence of involvement of internal organs, fever, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis and anemia, the diagnosis can be made with some degree of assurance on clinical grounds alone, but even under these circumstances experience has taught us that we may be mistaken.We therefore advise the removal of a lymph node whenever feasible. The node must be selected with care and with due reference to any possible surgical risks. In . . .
Biomaterial modification of urinary catheters with antimicrobials to give long-term broadspectrum antibiofilm activity
Authors: Leanne E. Fisher, Andrew L. Hook, Waheed Ashraf, Anfal Yousef, David A. Barrett, David J. Scurr, Xinyong Chen, Emily F. Smith, Michael Fay, Christopher D.J. Parmenter, Richard Parkinson, Roger Bayston
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the commonest hospital-acquired infection, accounting for over 100,000 hospital admissions within the USA annually. Biomaterials and processes intended to reduce the risk of bacterial colonization of the catheters for long-term users have not been successful, mainly because of the need for long duration of activity in flow conditions. Here we report the results of impregnation of urinary catheters with a combination of rifampicin, sparfloxacin and triclosan. In flow experiments, the antimicrobial catheters were able to prevent colonization by common uropathogens Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for 7 to 12 weeks in vitro compared with 1–3 days for other, commercially available antimicrobial catheters currently used clinically. Resistance development was minimized by careful choice of antimicrobial combinations. Drug release profiles and distribution in the polymer, and surface analysis were also carried out and the process had no deleterious effect on the mechanical performance of the catheter or its balloon. The antimicrobial catheter therefore offers for the first time a means of reducing infection and its complications in long-term urinary catheter users.
Retinal Arteriolar Cholesterol Emboli
Authors: Michael Colucciello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 59-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease presented with transient, painless visual obscuration in the left eye, and he was referred for retinal evaluation. Two months earlier, he had undergone placement of a stent in the left carotid artery for severe stenosis. He was receiving antiplatelet therapy. Two years earlier, an eye examination had been unremarkable. Retinal examination of the left eye showed multiple, tiny refractile retinal arteriolar cholesterol emboli and a saddle embolus superior to the optic nerve (Panel A, arrow). Two months later, repeat examination showed an increase in the number . . .
Autoimmune anti-T cell antibodies in the sera of patients with mycosis fungoides
Authors: A. DOBOZY, J. HUNYADI, S. HUSZ, ANNA SZ. KENDERESSY, N. SIMON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

The serum of persons with mycosis fungoides contains IgG antibody believed to be specific for T cells, similar to the auto-antibodies reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Hodgkin's disease and sarcoidosis. The antibody is present during the active, and disappears during the inactive, phase of the disease.