tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The stratum corneum—Some structural and functional correlates
Authors: FRITZ A. SCHELLANDER, JOHN T. HEADINGTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

The human skin surface outside the areas bearing dermatoglyphics has been studied and an attempt made to explain the surface pattern in simple geometric and functional terms. The basic geometrical unit is a rectangle or square which in turn is subdivided by one or two diagonals. The triangles and diamonds thus formed undergo varying degrees of collapse under tension. These collapse units are sometimes composed of smaller polygonal compressible sub units with a distinctly honeycomb appearance. The hexagonal shape of the individual horny cell is an ideal smallest structural unit within this geometric system. The regional differences are considerable, but can be explained by the regional differences in the mechanical requirements. These features are of considerable functional significance for the stretching and deformation of the essentially inelastic stratum corneum
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE PATHOLOGIC HISTOLOGY OF SYPHILITIC ETHMOIDITIS.
Authors: J. L. GOODALE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Among the causes of chronic inflammation of the ethmoid bone syphilis has long been considered to play a prominent part. In the cases, however, which usually come under observation the process is well developed, and it is a rare experience to be able to follow the condition from the beginning. The following case is, therefore, of particular interest, especially in view of the fact that a histologic examination of the anterior portion of the middle turbinate was made at an early stage of the disease. <h3>NARRATION OF CASE.</h3> P. J. B., a man 30 years of age, was referred to me by Dr. H. W. Kilburn, Oct. 25, 1899, with reference to a possible source of irritation in the nose, which might cause inflammation in the conjunctiva of the right eye. Examination showed an enlarged right middle turbinate, the nose and throat being otherwise essentially normal in appearance.
Simplified method for the measurement of segmental colonic transit time.
Authors: A Notghi, R Hutchinson, D Kumar, N B Smith, L K Harding
Journal: Gut (1994)

Segmental colonic transit has been measured in 101 patients. Two MBq of 111Indium absorbed on resin pellets and encapsulated in an enteric coated capsule was given at 7 00 am. Hourly images during the first day, and three images during each subsequent day were acquired for up to three days. Using all scan and patient data the scans were categorised in one of the five patterns of colonic transit: normal, rapid, right delay, left delay, or generalised delay. The geometric centres and per cent activity at each time point was compared between the five groups of colonic transit patients to find the best time for imaging and so to distinguish the five groups. During the first day, early images did not help in diagnosis of patterns of transit, however, in the later images (six hours onwards after the ingestion of the activity) the rapid transit groups could be identified. Images at 27 and 51 hours were both required to distinguish all five groups of patients from each other. Only in the 9normal9 transit patients was there some excretion of the activity during the course of the second day, otherwise there was no difference in the images taken in the course of a day (second or third day). A simplified protocol requires a minimum of three images to distinguish all five patterns of colonic transit. The activity should be ingested in the morning (7 00 am) and the first image taken at the end of the working day (8-10 hours after ingestion), the second image on the morning of the second day, and the third image during the course of the third day. This simple protocol would provide all the clinically relevant information necessary for correct classification of the colonic transit.
Evolving Indications for Permanent Pacemakers
Authors: Miguel Bryce, Scott R. Spielman, Allan M. Greenspan, Morris N. Kotler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

New indications for permanent cardiac pacing have been developed in recent years, with numerous studies demonstrating improved clinical outcomes in a variety of disorders. Because hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, neurocardiogenic syncope, and atrial fibrillation are common conditions, every clinician should be aware of evolving alternative therapies for them. Observational studies in patients with refractory, symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and significant left ventricular outflow gradient at rest suggest that cardiac pacing may result in symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement. Clinical trials have not shown conclusive evidence regarding the long-term benefit from pacing in these patients, and it is unclear whether pacing will be a preferred treatment option. Preliminary data suggest that pacing is a viable adjunctive therapeutic approach for improving symptoms in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Mortality benefit has yet to be established, but it is to be hoped that ongoing randomized clinical trials will provide definitive information on that issue. Patients with refractory neurocardiogenic syncope or those who are intolerant of medical treatment may benefit from pacing therapies, especially those that use rate-drop sensor algorithms. Biatrial pacing has emerged as a technique that resynchronizes atrial electrical activity and has been shown to prevent atrial fibrillation. Multisite atrial pacing for the prevention of atrial fibrillation is considered investigational but seems promising. Newer indications for pacing are expected to result in improved clinical outcomes for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure, neurocardiogenic syncope, and the prevention of atrial fibrillation.
Association between maternal antibodies to the external envelope glycoprotein and vertical transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type I. Maternal anti-env antibodies correlate with protection in non-breast-fed children.
Authors: S Hino, S Katamine, T Miyamoto, H Doi, Y Tsuji, T Yamabe, J E Kaplan, D L Rudolph, R B Lal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Vertical transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) depends primarily on breast-feeding; substitution of bottle-feeding has reduced the transmission rate from 20% in breast-fed children to 3% among bottle-fed. To determine the correlates of transmission for long breast-feeding (> or = 6 mo), short breast-feeding (< 6 mo), and bottle-feeding mothers, the antibody titers of transmitter (T) mothers and non-transmitter (nT) mothers were analyzed by using synthetic and recombinant epitopes representing the immunodominant epitopes of gag (Gag1a, r24), env (Env1/5, MTA1, RE3), and tax (Tax8/22-24) proteins. Seroreactivity to gag and tax epitopes was not significantly different except for anti-r24 antibody titer, which was significantly higher among T-mothers (geometric mean 134) when compared with nT-mothers (62) in the long-feeding group (P < 0.001). Profiles of antibody titers against env epitopes were different. Within the long-feeding group, Env1/5, MTA1, and RE3 titers were significantly higher among T-mothers (258, 1,476, and 738, respectively) when compared with nT-mothers (106, 279, and 320, respectively) (P < 0.01 for all three epitopes). In contrast, within the bottle-feeding group, antibody titers to Env1/5 (269) and RE3 (418) among nT-mothers were significantly higher than those among T-mothers (80 and 113, respectively) (P < 0.01). These data confirm that high-titered anti-HTLV-I antibodies in the long-feeding group correlate with milk-borne transmission of HTLV-I and, more importantly, imply that maternal anti-env antibodies may reduce the risk of non-milkborne infection.
Study of a measles outbreak in Granada with preventive measures applied by the courts, Spain, 2010 to 2011
Authors: E Navarro, M M Mochón, M D Galicia, I Marín, J Laguna
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Measles had practically been eliminated in Granada since the systematic vaccination of children with two doses introduced in 1984. However, in 2009 the disease returned in the form of small outbreaks. This study describes the measles outbreak that occurred in Granada from October 2010 to August 2011 and the measures imposed to control it. Information was sourced from the records of the Andalusian epidemiological surveillance system. A total of 308 cases were recorded, representing an incidence rate of 33.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The first wave of the epidemic took place in Granada city, with the majority of cases occurring among families who lived in the Albaycín neighbourhood and were opposed to vaccination for ideological and/or religious reasons. The initial cases were in unvaccinated children aged 1 to 13 years. The outbreak later spread throughout the province. To control the outbreak, the vaccination schedule for the exposed children was brought up to date. The Regional Ministry of Health decided to take legal action in order to ensure vaccination of those in the initial nucleus of the outbreak.
Conga Drumming and Pigmenturia
Authors: ROBERT R. FENICHEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments and Correction1 October 1974Conga Drumming and PigmenturiaROBERT R. FENICHELROBERT R. FENICHELSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-4-570_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Two additional cases of percussionist's pigmenturia (1) should be brought to the attention of your readers and referees.In mid-1973, a 28-year-old white, male conga drummer, employed by Massachusetts General Hospital in a nondrumming capacity, reported multiple episodes in which sessions of drumming had been followed by pigmenturia. Urinalysis after such a session showed hemoglobin without myoglobin, and the serum haptoglobin was reduced.Congagenic hemoglobinuria was diagnosed, but because this was found not to be novel (2), it was not reported....References1. FURIEPENN BA: Pigmenturia from conga drumming. Hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria. Ann Intern Med 80:727-729, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KADEN W: Traumatic haemoglobinuria in conga-drum players. Lancet 760:1341-1342, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMusculoskeletal problems of performing artistsMedical Problems of MusiciansHemoglobinuria After Fraternity Hazing 1 October 1974Volume 81, Issue 4Page: 570-570KeywordsHaptoglobinsHemoglobin Issue Published: 1 October 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Statins normalize vascular lysyl oxidase down-regulation induced by proatherogenic risk factors
Authors: Cristina Rodríguez, Javier F. Alcudia, José Martínez-González, Anna Guadall, Berta Raposo, Sonia Sánchez-Gómez, Lina Badimon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsStatins are lipid-lowering drugs widely used in the management of vascular diseases. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that statins improve endothelial function by both cholesterol-lowering-dependent and -independent mechanisms. We have previously shown that endothelial dysfunction induced by risk factors and proinflammatory cytokines is associated with down-regulation of lysyl oxidase (LOX), a key enzyme modulating extracellular matrix maturation and vascular integrity. Our aim was to analyse whether statins could normalize LOX expression impaired by proatherogenic risk factors.
Rapid Measurement of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in the Emergency Diagnosis of Heart Failure
Authors: Alan S. Maisel, Padma Krishnaswamy, Richard M. Nowak, James McCord, Judd E. Hollander, Philippe Duc, Torbjørn Omland, Alan B. Storrow, William T. Abraham, Alan H.B. Wu, Paul Clopton, Philippe G. Steg, Arne Westheim, Catherine Wold Knudsen, Alberto Perez, Radmila Kazanegra, Howard C. Herrmann, Peter A. McCullough
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

B-type natriuretic peptide is released from the cardiac ventricles in response to increased wall tension.
Medical treatment of early breast cancer. III: chemotherapy
Authors: Ian Smith, Susan Chua
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Adjuvant chemotherapy is of significant survival benefit in women aged   50 years, but for many of these women endocrine therapy alone may be just as effective, except when the tumour is grade III, tests positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), or there is multiple node involvement. Risk benefit considerations are always important here because of toxicity, and consensus criteria have been defined to aid in selecting patients for treatment.



Disease free (top) and overall (bottom) survival in a randomised study of adjuvant docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC) compared with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC). Adapted from Martin M. N Engl J Med 2005;352: 2302-13 



Evidence shows that anthracycline regimens with doxorubicin or epirubicin achieve a significant further survival improvement (around 4-5%) over treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF), and these are increasingly used as standard. In the United Kingdom, a sequential combination of anthracyclines followed by CMF is widely used …
OKT3 prophylaxis in renal grafts with prolonged cold ischemia times: Association with improvement in long-term survival
Authors: Daniel Abramowicz, Douglas J. Norman, Pierre Vereerstraeten, Michel Goldman, Luc De Pauw, Jean-Louis Vanherweghem, Paul Kinnaert, Lawrence Kahana, Frank P. Stuart, James R. Thistlethwaite, Charles F. Shield, Anthony Monaco, Shu-Chen Wu, Thomas P. Haverty
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Personalized pollen-related symptom-forecast information services for allergic rhinitis patients in Europe
Authors: U. Berger, K. Karatzas, S. Jaeger, D. Voukantsis, M. Sofiev, O. Brandt, T. Zuberbier, K. C. Bergmann
Journal: Allergy (2013)

We report on the development of personalized pollen-related information services that include sensitivity categorization, threshold identification, and symptom forecasting, addressing patients with allergic rhinitis in Europe.
Serotonin Transporter Polymorphisms and Persistent, Pervasive Childhood Aggression
Authors: Joseph H. Beitchman, Lidia Baldassarra, Helene Mik, Vincenzo De Luca, Nicole King, Danielle Bender, Sahar Ehtesham, James L. Kennedy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential association of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and childhood aggression by testing the 5-HTT variable-number-tandem-repeat and serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR), including the recently discovered Lg allelic variant of 5-HTTLPR.Clinically referred children displaying extreme aggression, with a minimum 2-year history, were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR (N=77) and 5-HTT variable-number-tandem-repeat (N=78). Analyses compared genotype frequencies of the aggressive children with healthy comparison subjects.The "low expressing" genotypic variants of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (S/S, Lg/S, Lg/Lg) were significantly associated with childhood aggression.This is the first study to report a significant association between the 5-HTTLPR gene and childhood aggression.
MYC + diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is not salvaged by classical R-ICE or R-DHAP followed by BEAM plus autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wendy Cuccuini, Josette Briere, Nicolas Mounier, Hans-Ullrich Voelker, Andreas Rosenwald, Christer Sundstrom, Sergio Cogliatti, Edouard Hirchaud, Loic Ysebaert, Dominique Bron, Jean Soulier, Philippe Gaulard, Remi Houlgatte, Christian Gisselbrecht, Catherine Thieblemont
Journal: Blood (2012)
Use of Bone SPECT in the Evaluation of Fibrous Dysplasia of the Skull
Authors: Tadaki Nakahara, Hirofumi Fujii, Jun Hashimoto, Atsushi Kubo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The authors present a case of fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the skull in which bone SPECT was useful in addition to CT. CT showed the skull base lesions on the right side with the characteristic signs of FD, such as a ground-glass appearance. Extension of the skull base lesions on bone SPECT was consistent with that seen on CT. The calvarial lesion, which was not seen on CT, even on retrospective examination, was also clearly detected in bone SPECT. It was identified as a bone marrow irregularity with a slight deformity in the surrounding bone on MRI.
Factor VIII supply and demand.
Authors: J Cash
Journal: BMJ (1980)

correction of known or suspected risk factors.There is clearly no magic formula, in my experience, which can be placed across the board and applied on a mass scale.There is, unfortunately, no alternative to the careful investigation of every patient on an individual level, correcting each risk factor presented, energetically, by the safest and most acceptable means for the patient.Clearly, the correction of hyperlipidaemia by all reasonable means must be included in any treatment programme for the prevention of atherosclerotic arterial disease.Unfortunately, all large multicentre trials that I have seen seem to fail in that they do not treat the whole patient, and for this reason grave doubt must be thrown on their validity in testing the concept of the primary prevention of arterial disease by studying one factor and seeking to match all other factors.
Primary onycholysis of the big toenails: a review of 113 cases
Authors: R. BARAN, G. BADILLET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

We have reviewed the clinical and microbiological features of 113 cases of idiopathic onycholysis primarily affecting the great toenails. It is suggested that the majority of these cases were traumatic in origin. Although dermatophytes and potentially pathogenic bacteria were frequently found in the lesions, they were thought to be commensal in most cases. This is of considerable significance with regard to the selection of appropriate therapy.
CBX8, a Polycomb Group Protein, Is Essential for MLL-AF9-Induced Leukemogenesis
Authors: Jiaying Tan, Morgan Jones, Haruhiko Koseki, Manabu Nakayama, Andrew G. Muntean, Ivan Maillard, Jay L. Hess
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)

Chromosomal translocations involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene lead to the development of acute leukemias. Constitutive HOX gene activation by MLL fusion proteins is required for MLL-mediated leukemogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that chromobox homolog 8 (CBX8), a Polycomb Group protein that interacts with MLL-AF9 and TIP60, is required for MLL-AF9-induced transcriptional activation and leukemogenesis. Conversely, both CBX8 ablation and specific disruption of the CBX8 interaction by point mutations in MLL-AF9 abrogate HOX gene upregulation and abolish MLL-AF9 leukemic transformation. Surprisingly, Cbx8-deficient mice are viable and display no apparent hematopoietic defects. Together, our findings demonstrate that CBX8 plays an essential role in MLL-AF9 transcriptional regulation and leukemogenesis.
Levels of Histamine and other Biogenic Amines in Red Wines and Sparkling Wines
Authors: V. Konakovsky, M. Focke, K. Hoffmann-Sommergruber, R. Schmid, O. Scheiner, P. Moser, W. Hemmer, R. Jarisch
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)

RATIONALE: Wine intolerance is often considered to be due to histamine and other biogenic amines (BA) present in wine, but not all wines may elicit symptoms to the same extent. We investigated the variability of BA levels in red and sparkling wines and the relationship with grape variety, vintage and wine sensory quality. METHODS: Eight different BA (histamine, putrescine, tyramine, isoamylamine, phenylethylamine, tryptamine, spermidine, cadaverine) were determined by HPLC in 100 Austrian high quality red wines from different grape varieties. Histamine was also assessed by radioimmunoassay in 29 white sparkling wines from Austria, Germany, Italy and Spain. RESULTS: Histamine levels in the tested red wines varied more than 50-fold (0.5-27.6 mg/l). Concentrations of BA were similar in different grape varieties except St. Laurent and Pinot noir wines which showed significantly higher tryptamine and cadaverine levels. Histamine and tyramine levels were higher in vintage 2004 than in 2005 (p<0.05), whereas a reverse pattern was seen for isoamylamine and phenylethylamine (p<0.001). Organoleptic assessment of wine quality correlated positively (though not significantly) with histamine levels, and negatively with isoamylamine and phenylethylamine levels. Histamine in sparkling wines varied from 0.001 to 1.9 mg/l with. Levels were significantly lower in Austrian (mean 29 μg/l) than in German products (691 μg/l; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The high variability of BA levels in red and sparkling wines may explain why not all wines elicit adverse reactions in susceptible subjects. Although sensory quality is not compromised by high histamine levels, labelling may be helpful for consumers suffering from wine intolerance.
Blimp-1 directly represses <i>Il2</i> and the <i>Il2</i> activator <i>Fos</i>, attenuating T cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Gislâine A. Martins, Luisa Cimmino, Jerry Liao, Erna Magnusdottir, Kathryn Calame
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Mice with a T cell–specific deletion of Prdm1, encoding Blimp-1, have aberrant T cell homeostasis and develop fatal colitis. In this study, we show that one critical activity of Blimp-1 in T cells is to repress IL-2, and that it does so by direct repression of Il2 transcription, and also by repression of Fos transcription. Using these mechanisms Blimp-1 participates in an autoregulatory loop by which IL-2 induces Prdm1 expression and thus represses its own expression after T cell activation, ensuring that the immune response is appropriately controlled. This activity of Blimp-1 is important for cytokine deprivation–induced T cell death and for attenuating T cell proliferation in antigen-specific responses both in vitro and in vivo.
IGIF Does Not Drive Th1 Development but Synergizes with IL-12 for Interferon-γ Production and Activates IRAK and NFκB
Authors: Douglas Robinson, Kazuko Shibuya, Alice Mui, Francesca Zonin, Erin Murphy, Theo Sana, Suzanne B Hartley, Satish Menon, Rob Kastelein, Fernando Bazan, Anne O'Garra
Journal: Immunity (1997)
Patient communities reform healthcare in India
Authors: Anita Jain
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Public disillusionment with health service provision has led patient advocates in India to mobilise and push for change, Anita Jain reports India presents a classic paradox. At one end patients receive the best of advanced medical care, and at the other millions lack access to basic services. The public health sector is neglected, and patients have to rely on a private sector that is commercialised and unregulated (box). Corruption is pervasive, resulting in exploitation of patients and irrational care.1 Yogesh Jain, a public health advocate, puts it plainly, “With the discourse on primary healthcare hovering around access, cost, and sometimes quality, patient centred care seems like a futuristic thing in this country.” #### Healthcare in India: a snapshot
Dectin-2 Recognition of α-Mannans and Induction of Th17 Cell Differentiation Is Essential for Host Defense against Candida albicans
Authors: Shinobu Saijo, Satoshi Ikeda, Keiko Yamabe, Shigeru Kakuta, Harumichi Ishigame, Aoi Akitsu, Noriyuki Fujikado, Toshimasa Kusaka, Sachiko Kubo, Soo-hyun Chung, Ryohei Komatsu, Noriko Miura, Yoshiyuki Adachi, Naohito Ohno, Kazutoshi Shibuya, Natsuo Yamamoto, Kazuyoshi Kawakami, Sho Yamasaki, Takashi Saito, Shizuo Akira, Yoichiro Iwakura
Journal: Immunity (2010)