tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P4-11-11: Thyroid Disease Is Associated with Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.
Authors: PJ Hardefeldt, GD Eslick, S Edirimanne
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The controversial relationship between benign thyroid diseases and breast cancer has been investigated for over 50 years. Despite extensive population studies, the results as a whole have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to collate and analyse available data, calculating a pooled odds ratio of the risk of breast cancer in patients diagnosed with benign thyroid diseases. Materials and Methods: Studies were obtained from a database search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Current Contents and Google Scholar with additional cross checking of reference lists. Inclusion criteria required a confirmed diagnosis of a benign thyroid disease, reporting of an odds ratio or data to calculate an odds ratio (and 95% confidence interval) and the use of an internal control group as the comparator. Collated data was assessed for heterogeneity and a pooled odds ratio calculated. From 276 citations identified in this search, a total of 28 studies were identified meeting our inclusion criteria. No language restrictions were used in the search or study selection. All data were analysed using a random effects model. Results: There was significant evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer in patients with auto-immune thyroiditis, evident in a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.92 (95% CI: 2.13−4.01). No heterogeneity was present (I2=0, p=0.62) and there was no publication bias (p=0.15). In addition, the results supported an increased risk associated with the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies (OR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.63−2.50) and goitre (OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.44−3.33). Moderate but non-significant heterogeneity was present in the analysis of goitre (I2=49.2, p=0.08), while the risk of publication bias was not signigicant (p=0.08). In the analysis of antibody presence, moderate and non-significant heterogeneity was evident (I2=58.3, p=0.08) with no publication bias (p=0.07). Subgroup analysis of antibody presence revealed increased risk associated with both anti-TPO (OR 2.64, 95% CI: 1.82−3.83) and anti-Tg antibodies (2.71, 95%CI: 1.58−4.69). No heterogeneity was present in the analysis of either subgroup evident in an I2 index of 29.3 (p=.22) and 18.1 (p=0.30), respectively. Publication bias was not significant (p=0.53 and 0.17). Quantitative analysis of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was not significant, evident in pooled odds ratios of 1.56 (95% CI: 0.78−3.12) and 1.56 (95% CI: 0.84−2.88), respectively. Heterogeneity was high in hypothyroidism (I2=80.9, p=0.001) yet minimal in hyperthyroidism (I2=0, p=0.75). Publication bias was not significant in either hypothyroidism (p=0.06) or hyperthyroidism (p=0.20). Conclusion: While these results indicate a link between thyroid auto-immunity and breast cancer, further prospective studies are required to definitively prove causality. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-11.
Characterization and accumulation of ferritin in hepatocyte nuclei of mice with iron overload
Authors: Andrew G. Smith, Philip Carthew, Jean E. Francis, Richard E. Edwards, David Dinsdale
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

After a single subcutaneous dose of iron-dextran (600 mg of iron/kg), iron overload developed in C57BL/10ScSn mice. At 4, 24 and 78 wk liver nonheme iron concentrations were 67-, 42- and 21-fold higher than controls, respectively. Much of the iron was in macrophages, but hepatocytes were also strongly positive for Perls' stainable iron. One feature was the development of iron-positive nuclear inclusions in hepatocytes. After a delay of at least 8 wk when no stainable iron was evident, a maximum of 37% of periportal hepatocytes contained inclusions by 24 wk. Although this proportion remained constant for the remainder of the study, the size of the inclusions (which were not membrane-limited) increased to &gt; 3 μm in diameter, occupying &gt; 25% of the nuclear volume. The presence of iron in the inclusions was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis. Immunocytochemical studies showed that the iron was present as aggregates of ferritin. Quantitation of nonaggregated ferritin molecules by image analyses after electron microscopy demonstrated that within 4 wk ferritin levels in cytoplasm and nucleoplasm had greatly increased but that there was a concentration gradient of approximately one order of magnitude across the nuclear envelope. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that in iron-loaded mouse hepatocytes there is a slow passage of ferritin-molecules through the nuclear pores; the gradient is maintained by the continual aggregation of ferritin within the nucleus. Intranuclear ferritin may provide a source of iron for catalyzing hydroxyl radical formation in nuclei during some toxic, carcinogenic and aging processes. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1399-1405).
665 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN EXPRESSION OF CORE ANTIGEN OF HEPATITIS B AND HISTOLOGIC ACTIVITY OF LIVER DISEASE AND VIRAL REPLICATION
Authors: K.S. Rim, M.S. Son, C.I. Kwon, K.H. Kim, K.I. Kim, K.H. Ko, S.P. Hong, S.G. Hwang, P.W. Park
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Keratosis follicularis squamosa (Dohi): a follicular keratotic disorder well known in Japan
Authors: S. Shimizu, T. Shimizu, Y. Tateishi, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Keratosis follicularis squamosa (KFS) is a keratinizing disorder, which is well recognized in Japan but rarely reported in other countries. KFS is characterized by asymptomatic small scaly patches with a follicular plug that is scattered on the trunk and thighs. It is easily diagnosed by its characteristic appearance that was originally described in Japanese as "lotus leaves on the water". We report a typical case of KFS and review the mainly Japanese literature. We conclude that KFS is a distinct clinical entity of unknown origin. World-wide recognition of this disease should further clarify the prevalence and pathogenesis of this skin condition.
Immigration centre healthcare should be transferred to Department of Health
Authors: F. W. Arnold
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The three recent deaths at UK immigration detention centres will be investigated by the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman, who will need to consider the organisation of healthcare in these centres to try to learn from them and prevent more deaths.1 Deaths to which clinical errors have contributed—which these probably are—usually have roots in the systems that the person relied on for care.2

When medical emergencies occur …
Rapid Synthesis of Near Infrared Polymeric Micelles for Real‐Time Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging
Authors: Dipanjan Pan, Xin Cai, Benjamin Kim, Allen J. Stacy, Lihong V. Wang, Gregory M. Lanza
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract In this manuscript a synthetic methodology for developing sub 20 nm sized polymeric micellar nanoparticles designed for extravascular imaging and therapy is revealed. A simple, one‐pot method is followed, which involves a rapid co‐self‐assembly of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer (PS‐ b ‐PAA) and polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate in water. Sorbitan monooleate imparts stability to the micelles and helps to drive down the particle size below 20 nm. The particles are incorporated with a water soluble dye ADS832WS, which absorbs in the near infrared range (λ ex = 832 nm) for sensitive detection with optical and photoacoustic imaging techniques. A candidate lipophilic anti‐angiogenic therapeutic agent fumagillin was also incorporated with high entrapment (&gt;95%) efficiency. The effectiveness of this theranostic platform for real‐time, high‐resolution intraoperative photoacoustic imaging for facilitating direct assessment of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in breast cancer staging is demonstrated. The technique offers huge potential providing faster resection of SLN and may minimize complications caused by axillary exploration due to mismarking with dyes or low‐resolution imaging techniques. Finally, the biodistribution and organ accumulation of the intravenously and intradermally injected particles are studied in a rodent model by optical imaging. Data suggest that intraveneously injected NIR‐polymeric nanoparticles follow a typical bio‐distribution clearance path through the reticuloendothelial (RES) system. For the intradermally injected particles, a slower mechanism of clearance is noticed.
Stress Effect of Antilymphocyte Serum
Authors: E. J. Field, D. B. Cook
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Antilymphocyte serum prepared in the rabbit against guinea-pig lymph node cells produces a sustained weight loss when injected into normal guinea-pigs over 14 days, compared with a very transient loss produced by normal rabbit serum. Antilymphocyte serum also produces a much greater increase in plasma cortisol level than normal rabbit serum. Part of this effect may be due to adrenal stimulation, and further studies of its activity in adrenalectomized animals are suggested.
Time for Change in United States Donor Heart Allocation Policy ∗
Authors: Jon A. Kobashigawa
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

In this issue of JACC: Heat Failure , Schulze et al. [(1)][1] report on the impact of the 2006 United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) donor heart allocation policy change on patients waiting for heart transplant and post-transplant patient outcomes in the United States. This policy change
Physical Activity and Depression: Type of Exercise Matters—Reply
Authors: Umar Toseeb, Ian M. Goodyer, Soren Brage
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Prevention of primary and contralateral breast cancer by risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in high risk women with a BRCA1/2 mutation or familial predisposition.
Authors: BA Heemskerk-Gerritsen, MJ Hooning, M Collee, MM Tilanus-Linthorst, CC Bartels, A van den Ouweland, A Ansink, C Seynaeve
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #504 Introduction: Risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) has become an important preventive option against ovarian/fallopian tube cancer, while it is also risk reducing regarding breast cancer (BC) in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Recently a difference in efficacy of RRSO concerning the occurrence of BC has been suggested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, while no data are available on the protective effect of RRSO in women from a hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) family without a proven BRCA mutation. Further, it is not known whether the BC risk reduction after RRSO equally applies to primary (PBC) and contralateral BC (CBC).&amp;#x2028; Methods: The occurrence of PBC and CBC was prospectively studied in 639 women ≥ 30 years (330 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 117 BRCA2 mutation carriers, and 192 HBOC women) who were enrolled in a breast/ovarian cancer surveillance program at the Rotterdam Family Cancer Clinic. Women with a history of BC without recurrent disease were eligible if BC treatment did not involve adjuvant systemic therapy. Demographics and follow-up (FU) information up to December 31, 2007, were extracted from the medical records. Ninety-eight BRCA1 mutation carriers, 33 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 15 HBOC women eventually underwent RRSO. Results were analyzed separately for women being at risk for PBC (n=489) and for CBC (n=164). The effect of RRSO on the incidence of BC was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model in which RRSO was modeled as a time-dependent covariate.&amp;#x2028; Results: During a mean FU of 5.5 years, RRSO was associated with a reduction in BC risk of 48% (HR=0.52; 95% CI, 0.26-1.02; p=0.058) versus 81% (HR=0.19; 95% CI, 0.02-1.95; p=0.161) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, respectively. In BRCA1 mutation carriers, PBC was reduced by 74% (HR=0.26; 95% CI, 0.08-0.89; p=0.032), and CBC by 29% (HR=0.71; 95% CI, 0.23-2.16; p=0.544). In BRCA2 mutation carriers no cases of PBC occurred after RRSO (HR=0,00; 95% CI, not estimable), while 1 CBC was diagnosed (HR=0.25; 95% CI, 0.01-5.62; p=0.379). In HBOC women no BC cases were observed after RRSO.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: RRSO is associated with a BC risk reduction in both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. The risk reductive effect is more pronounced regarding PBC as compared to CBC in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Although a similar trend is suggested for BRCA2 mutation carriers, larger numbers and longer FU are needed to draw firm conclusions. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 504.
HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) CHOLESTEROL IS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUAL RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE DESPITE OPTIMAL LEVELS OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) CHOLESTEROL: A POST HOC ANALYSIS FROM THE COURAGE TRIAL
Authors: Subroto Acharjee, William E. Boden, Pamela M. Hartigan, Koon K. Teo, David J. Maron, Steven P. Sedlis, Bernard R. Chaitman, John A. Spertus, Marcin Dada, G.B. John Mancini, Robert A. O'Rourke, William S. Weintraub
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
F-18 FDG PET and PET/CT Evaluation of Response to Chemotherapy in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Andrei Iagaru, Rinat Masamed, Sant P. Chawla, Lawrence R. Menendez, Alex Fedenko, Peter S. Conti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

F-18 FDG PET has been used to grade sarcomas and assess response to therapy in advanced disease. Certain chemotherapy agents are thought to induce an inflammatory response in the tumor bed that can make interpretation of post-therapy FDG PET scans difficult. A review of our experience with PET in assessing therapy response in osseous and soft tissue sarcomas (OSTS) is presented.This is a retrospective study (January 1999 to December 2004) of 14 patients with histologic diagnosis of OSTS, who had 2 consecutive PET examinations for evaluation of chemotherapy response. The group included 8 men and 6 women, with age range of 18 to 56 years (average, 36 +/- 14). Semiquantitative assessment of FDG uptake was performed by calculating maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) before and after treatment. The response to therapy was assessed independently by tumor necrosis at post-therapy surgery and according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria for PET. The follow-up PET examinations were performed at an interval of 28 to 166 days (average, 90 +/- 45). All patients ended the ifosfamide regimen at 7 to 36 (average, 16 +/- 9) days before the follow-up PET scans. Five of them received methotrexate, adriamycin, and/or cisplatin as well.Based on the EORTC criteria alone, 3 patients (21.4%) had progression of disease (increase in SUVmax of 29%-69%; mean, 48% +/- 20%), 5 patients (35.7%) had stable disease, and 6 patients (42.8%) had partial response (decrease in SUVmax of 27%-84%; mean, 62% +/- 23%). Across all patients, the tumor necrosis postchemotherapy ranged from 5% to 100% (mean, 64% +/- 34%). In 8 patients (57.1%) the tumor necrosis correlated with the SUVmax changes. However, for 3 patients, the SUVmax changes indicated partial response despite necrosis of fewer than 90% of the surgical specimens, whereas 3 patients with >90% tumor necrosis had SUVmax changes indicative of stable disease.The pathologically determined degree of necrosis postneoadjuvant chemotherapy was concordant with PET-assessed EORTC classification of response in 57.1% of the cases. However, a significant number of patients had discrepancies, which may be in part explained by chemotherapy-induced inflammation. The latter should be considered during post-therapy PET interpretation in OSTS.
Appearance of oval cells in the liver of rats after long-term exposure to ethanol
Authors: P G Smith, L B Tee, G C Yeoh
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Epidemiological studies show an increased risk of developing liver cancer among alcoholics. There is some agreement that ethanol itself is not carcinogenic, but it may enhance the tumorigenic process by inducing drug-metabolizing enzymes, suppression of the immune system or by affecting DNA repair enzymes. Precisely how ethanol predisposes or promotes the development of hepatoma is unknown. Hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet produces extensive alteration of the liver architecture with the emergence and rapid proliferation of oval cells. This study examines whether chronic alcohol consumption induces the proliferation of oval cells. Oval cells induced in rats maintained on a 5% ethanol liquid diet (ELD) for up to 24 months, or fed a CDE diet for up to 4 weeks, are compared using a panel of liver-specific markers. In CDE-treated rats, oval cells staining positively for α-fetoprotein (AFP), π-class glutathione S-transferase (π GST), and the embryonic form of pyruvate kinase (M 2 -PK) are observed after 1 week. Similar cells are seen in ELD-treated rats after 2 months. Their numbers increase with time, and incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine confirms they are a dividing population. Acute damage induced by partial hepatectomy and CCI 4 poisoning did not induce the appearance of oval cells. We conclude that chronic ethanol consumption induces oval cell proliferation. We suggest that, in addition to other proposed mechanisms, an alteration in cellular composition of the liver be considered as an explanation for the increased incidence of liver cancer among alcoholics.
A forgetful and foolish patient: Autoinfection
Authors: K. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2000)

One day last May I awoke, annoyed to find that I was starting a new herpes simplex lesion. I have been used to recurrent labial herpes HSV-1 for some 60 years but was a little surprised that this was not the usual lip lesion but was on my chin, 1 cm in diameter and about 2 cm below the angle of my mouth.

A few hours later the familiar scalp hyperaesthesia (allodynia) started. But it was not familiar. Instead of affecting the usual frontal (trigeminal innervated) area, it was the posterior half of my scalp extending down the nape of my neck and laterally down to my ear on the contralateral side—that is, the dermatome supplied by the second cervical nerve. I was puzzled.

I then remembered from my ancient days as an anatomy demonstrator that all the cranial nerves bar one were (like guinea pigs) tailless. The trigeminal alone had a spinal root which wandered down for a few centimetres past the decussation of the pyramids to finish at the level of the second cervical nerve. At first this seemed to offer a pathway to the dorsal root ganglion of C2 and so on out to my chin.

The thought of that virus wandering about in my hindbrain did not please me. But I knew that the chances were statistically loaded against such a route delivering virus to just 2 cm from my lip. Why should it selectively find that very spot on my chin?

Memory and common sense then took over. I remembered that like many people with herpes I occcasionally get recurrence of the virus in saliva when no recrudescent lip lesion is present. Indeed we had had a dental PhD student using tissue cultures to measure frequency and scale of salivary occurrence in our departmental staff and I was one of her positives. Moreover, some who had never consciously had herpetic lesions had salivary virus.

I remembered that two days before the start of this episode I had attempted a close shave with a blunting razor foil which I had been too mean to replace—they cost £12. To help the fading foil I had foolishly moistened it with saliva while shaving.

As a retired professor of virology, I should have known better. I should have remembered, as a dental colleague has just reminded me, what a problem herpetic whitlows used to be in our dental undergraduates before they were made to wear gloves.

I had no labial herpes at the time and the most likely explanation for my chin lesion seems to be autoinfection by transfer of silent salivary virus.

So what is the lesson? I can suggest only that people with herpes should conserve their saliva; kiss their wives modestly; and perhaps not share cups or communion chalices nor blow a grandchild's recorder.

The risk lurks in anyone who is antibody positive; in those with active lip lesions; in those who are between recurrences; even in those who have never had blisters at all. Is it any wonder that 95% of us become herpes carriers.
Vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy vs. hyperplasia. Autocrine transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression determines growth response to angiotensin II.
Authors: G H Gibbons, R E Pratt, V J Dzau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Recent observations in our laboratory suggest that angiotensin II (Ang II) is a bifunctional vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth modulator capable of inducing hypertrophy or inhibiting mitogen-stimulated DNA synthesis. Because transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) has similar bifunctional effects on VSMC growth, we hypothesized that autocrine production of TGF beta 1 may mediate the growth modulatory effects of Ang II. Indeed, this study demonstrates that Ang II induces a severalfold increase in TGF beta 1 mRNA levels within 4 h that is dependent on de novo protein synthesis and appears to be mediated by activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Ang II not only stimulates the synthesis of latent TGF beta 1, but also promotes its conversion to the biologically active form as measured by bioassay. The coincubation of VSMCs with Ang II and control IgG has no significant mitogenic effect. However, the co-administration of Ang II and the anti-TGF beta 1 antibody stimulates significantly DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. We conclude that: (a) Ang II induces increased TGF beta 1 gene expression via a PKC dependent pathway involving de novo protein synthesis; (b) Ang II promotes the conversion of latent TGF beta 1 to its biologically active form; (c) Ang II modulates VSMC growth by activating both proliferative and antiproliferative pathways; and (d) Autocrine active TGF beta 1 appears to be an important determinant of VSMC growth by hypertrophy or hyperplasia.
Prevention of Wilson's Disease in Asymptomatic Patients
Authors: Irmin Sternlieb, I. Herbert Scheinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A biochemical diagnosis of Wilson's disease was established in 53 asymptomatic subjects, ranging in age from 15 months to 31 years. None had any pathognomonic physical sign of the disease. In 36 of these patients a liver biopsy specimen was examined by light microscopy, and in 31 histologic changes were found. Forty-two of these patients have been treated with a de-copperizing regimen, based on the continued and daily administration of D,L-penicillamine or D-penicillamine, and have remained asymptomatic during a period of observation of 142 patient years. An estimate, based on the natural history of Wilson's disease in 121 symptomatic patients, suggests that during this interval symptoms of the disorder could have been expected to develop in at least eight of these subjects.