tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T cells in bronchial asthma
Authors: K. Ryanna, V. Stratigou, N. Safinia, C. Hawrylowicz
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The main focus of this review was the role of a specific subset of T cells with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive activities, termed regulatory T cells (Tregs), in the pathogenesis and treatment of bronchial asthma. Evidence that these cells are important in maintaining immune homeostasis in health and exhibit impaired activity in active disease will be discussed. Their therapeutic potential is perhaps best highlighted by evidence that therapies with demonstrated efficacy in allergic and asthmatic disease are associated with the induction or restoration of regulatory T-cell function, e.g. glucocorticoids, allergen immunotherapy. Strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of these treatments and that induce or boost Tregs in bronchial asthma are discussed.
Seizures after Mefloquine
Authors: Kanwar Singh, G. Dennis Shanks, Henry Wilde
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 June 1991Seizures after MefloquineKanwar Singh, MD, G. Dennis Shanks, MD, Henry Wilde, MDKanwar Singh, MDSearch for more papers by this author, G. Dennis Shanks, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Henry Wilde, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-11-994_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:Mefloquine, 250 mg weekly starting 1 week before travel and ending 4 weeks after departure from areas in which malaria is endemic, has been recommended in the United States for prophylaxis in travelers to areas where chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria has been reported (1). Although minor side effects, such as dizziness and vomiting, were commonly reported in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial in U.S. soldiers deployed to Thailand, weekly mefloquine was generally well tolerated (2). A study of 3386 European tourists returning from Africa who received mefloquine indicated only one possibly drug-related reaction (depression), and there were no reports...References1. Change of dosing regimen for malaria prophylaxis with mefloquine. MMWR. 1991;40:72-3. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ArthurShanksEcheverria JGP. Mefloquine prophylaxis. Lancet. 1990; 1:972. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. SteffenHeusserMachler RRR. Malaria chemoprophy laxis among European tourists in tropical Africa: use, adverse reactions, and efficacy. Bull WHO. 1990;68:313-22. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Bjorkmann A. Acute psychosis following mefloquine prophylaxis. Lancet. 1989;2:865. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. RouveixBricaireMichon BFC. Mefloquine and an acute brain syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1989;110:577-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByReview of the mechanism underlying mefloquine-induced neurotoxicityEpileptogenic potential of mefloquine chemoprophylaxis: a pathogenic hypothesisChimioprophylaxie du paludisme sur terrains particuliersParesthesias and Mefloquine ProphylaxisPatrick E. Olson, MD, Charles A. Kennedy, MD, Paul D. Morte, MDAntiprotozoal drugs 1 June 1991Volume 114, Issue 11Page: 994-994KeywordsDrugsEpileptic seizuresMalariaMefloquineProphylaxisVomiting Issue Published: 1 June 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Recovery From Ophthalmoplegia and Proptosis After Repair of Bilateral Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistulas
Authors: Edilberto Amorim, Brian T. Jankowitz, Tudor G. Jovin, Ashutosh P. Jadhav
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Gene Mutation Link With HIV Resistance
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABO blood group and gall stone disease.
Authors: J. Newton, M. Goldacre
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Background</h3> Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are major contributors to preventable harm in the inpatient paediatric setting. Despite multiple guidelines to reduce CLABSI, sustaining reliable central line maintenance bundle compliance remains elusive. We identified frontline and family engagement as key drivers for this initiative. The baseline CLABSI rate for all our paediatric inpatient units (January 2016–January 2017) was 1.71/1000 central line days with maintenance bundle compliance at 87.9% (monthly range 44%–100%). <h3>Objective</h3> To reduce CLABSI by increasing central line maintenance bundle compliance to greater than 90% using kamishibai card (K-card) audits and family ‘key card’ education. <h3>Methods</h3> We transitioned our central line maintenance bundle audits from checklists to directly observed K-card audits. K-cards list the central line maintenance bundle elements to be reviewed with frontline staff. Key cards are cue cards developed using a plain-language summary of CLABSI K-cards and used by frontline staff to educate families. Key cards were distributed to families of children with central lines to simultaneously engage patients, families and frontline staff after a successful implementation of the K-card audit process. A survey was used to obtain feedback from families. <h3>Results</h3> In the postintervention period (February 2017–December 2019), our CLABSI rate was 0.63/1000 central line days, and maintenance bundle compliance improved to 97.1% (monthly range 86%–100%, p&lt;0.001). Of the 45 family surveys distributed, 20 (44%) were returned. Nineteen respondents (95%) reported being extremely satisfied with the key card programme and provided positive comments. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Combining the key card programme with K-card audits was associated with improved maintenance bundle compliance and a reduction in CLABSI. This programme has the potential for use in multiple healthcare improvement initiatives.
Acne in schoolchildren: no longer a concern for dermatologists.
Authors: M. Rademaker, J. J. Garioch, N. B. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence and severity of acne among schoolchildren in Glasgow. DESIGN--Secondary schools in Glasgow were divided by postcode into five socioeconomic cluster groups. Different numbers of schools were selected at random from the five groups to ensure proportional representation. One class from each registration year of the chosen schools was selected at random and the whole class recruited into the study. SETTING--15 Secondary schools in Glasgow. SUBJECTS--2014 Randomly selected schoolchildren aged 12-17 (5% of total secondary school roll). INTERVENTIONS--None. END POINT--Assessment of facial acne by two independent examiners by a recognised acne scoring system. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--The prevalence of acne in boys increased from 40% (75/189) at age 12 to 95% (108/114) at age 16, and in girls it increased from 61% (114/187) at age 12 to 83% (136/164) at age 16. On a scale of 0 to 10 only 18 boys (1.8%) and three girls (0.3%) had grades of acne of 1.0 or greater; most of the pupils had grade 0.05-0.375 (minimal) acne. Nine per cent of boys (88/973) and 14% of girls (145/1041) had visited their general practitioner specifically for advice on and treatment for acne; only five pupils (0.3%) had been referred to a dermatologist. CONCLUSIONS--Both the prevalence and severity of acne have decreased over the past 20 years. This has probably been due to improvement of treatment for acne by primary care doctors and the greater availability and use of over the counter preparations for acne.
Carcinoid tumour of possible thymic origin: case report.
Authors: U Rao, H Takita
Journal: Thorax (1977)

A case of carcinoid tumour of possible thymic origin in a 43-year-old man is presented. Carcinoid tumour arising in the anterior mediastinum (thymus) is a rare condition and only 26 cases have been reported in the past. A review of the literature showed that three-quarters of the reported cases were asymptomatic but the remainder of patients presented with various endocrine symptoms. Ultrastructurally the thymic carcinoid is similar to those found in other organs and also appears to be derived from Kultschitsky cells of the thymus gland.
P179Celecoxib-mediated activation of an AMPK-CREB-Nrf2 dependent pathway: a novel mechanism for endothelial cytoprotection in chronic systemic inflammation
Authors: F Alrashed, D Calay, C Thornton, A Bauer, A Kiprianos, D Haskard, J Boyle, J Mason
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are important for controlling pain and inflammation. However, concerns remain regarding athero-thrombotic risk. Despite this, clinical evidence suggests that among the COXIBs, celecoxib may have a more positive cardiovascular profile. In addition to targeting cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, recent evidence suggests that celecoxib also modulates COX-2-independent cytoprotective signal transduction pathways. We explored the hypothesis that celecoxib may induce anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory genes in the vascular endothelium via AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, and so protect vascular endothelium against inflammation-mediated injury.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Robert G. Lerner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurred in three of five patients after insertion of a LeVeen shunt for intractable ascites. Four episodes of DIC in these patients ranged in severity from progressive and life-threatening to transient and asymptomatic. Interruption of the shunt in two patients stopped the DIC. Careful monitoring for DIC following shunt insertion allows rational decisions to protect the patient against life-threatening hemorrhage or thrombosis. Disseminated intravascular coagulation occurred in two patients during a trial intravenous infusion of ascites and occurred in one patient even when the surgical procedure was modified to minimize the volume and rate of the infused ascites.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Aberrant Recapitulation of Developmental Programs?
Authors: Moisés Selman, Annie Pardo, Naftali Kaminski
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

The authors discuss evidence suggesting that embryonic signaling pathways involved in epithelium/mesenchymal communication and epithelial cell plasticity may be aberrantly switched on in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
<i>Nervous and Mental Diseases.</i>By Archibald Church, M. D., Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, and Frederick Peterson, M. D., Chief of Clinic Department of Nervous Diseases, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Fourth Ed., thoroughly revised and enlarged. (Philadelphia, New York, London: W. B. Saunders &amp; Co., 1903.)
Authors: W. McD.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1904)
In patients allergic to penicillin, consider second and third generation cephalosporins for life threatening infections
Authors: Scott Pegler, Brendan Healy
Journal: BMJ (2007)

#### Key points

Many patients claim to be allergic to penicillin. For those confirmed as being truly allergic (type 1 allergy, with features of urticaria, pruritic rash, etc), the cited overall rate of 10% cross reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporins is an overestimate.1 For life threatening infections such as bacterial meningitis, septicaemia, and severe respiratory tract infections in which a non-cephalosporin antibiotic would be suboptimal, consider giving a second or third generation cephalosporin: ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, as clinically appropriate. 

The term “allergy” is often applied incorrectly by both patients and doctors to any adverse reaction that …
Medical Office Design: Territory and Conflict
Authors: David Breitwieser
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Conceit would have us believe our offices are models of efficiency— perfectly tuned machines with all employees content. The "machine" breaks down when there is an unexpected influx of patients or a key employee is absent. In reality, the patient's unexpected presence or the employee's absence merely stresses an already sorely taxed system beyond the breaking point. Those who recognize design problems in their offices frequently despair of ever "taming the beast."<i>Medical Office Design</i>, focusing primarily but not exclusively on patient scheduling and flow as well as employee-employee interaction, challenges us to analyze our practices objectively and from a different perspective. Henry Doble, Jr, PhD, has written this presentation of selected approaches to design of a medical office. Dr Doble is eminently qualified to discuss office design by virtue of education and experience. His office surveys as a consultant provide abundant material for the book. The subtitle,<i>Territory and</i>
Spanish women to sue over breast implants
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Twenty Spanish women with soya oil breast implants are to sue the UK based manufacturer, AEI, and its Barcelona based importer, Colagen Biomedica, after being advised that they should have the prostheses removed.

The women will sue the companies through the Spanish Association of Victims of Health Errors (Avinesa), which is providing them with legal aid. Maria Antonia Moral, the association's president, said that the company's offer to pay for the surgical removal of the implants did not go far enough and that patients should be compensated. The Spanish Ministry of Health and the Spanish Society of Plastic Surgeons (SECPRE) jointly issued a protocol governing the removal the Trilucent implants.

The authorities have decided …
THE EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA AND OF SEDATIVES ON THE SERUM THERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTULISM
Authors: Jacques J. Bronfenbrenner, Harry Weiss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

When guinea pigs are fed large amounts of botulinus toxin, they develop symptoms of intoxication within 6 hours and die usually within 12 hours after the feeding of toxin. If very large amounts of toxin are introduced intraperitoneally, the animals may show symptoms of intoxication at the end of the 1st hour and die usually within 2 hours following the administration of toxin. If these animals are placed under anesthesia following the administration of toxin, the intoxication proceeds much more slowly. Anesthesia, by ether, is effective in this manner whether the toxin is given per os or intraperitoneally. The life of guinea pigs kept under ether after the administration of lethal amounts of toxin is prolonged by a period approximately equal to that during which the administration of the anesthetic is continued. When anesthesia is discontinued, the intoxication proceeds at its usual rate. It appears, therefore, that administration of ether delays the rate of intoxication but does not alter the toxin or the nature of the mechanism of intoxication. Anesthesia thus delays the progress of intoxication not only when administered immediately after the intake of toxin, but when administered much later after the intoxication has already progressed far enough to cause definite objective symptoms of poisoning. At this late stage of intoxication, the unsupported serum therapy of botulism in guinea pigs usually remains without effect. If, however, the animals are anesthetized at this time and kept under the influence of ether for some time, antitoxin therapy becomes effective. Indeed the antitoxin treatment can be delayed further for several hours, provided the animal is kept under anesthesia during the interval. Results of a similar nature were obtained with luminal sodium, nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture, and morphine used in place of ether. In view of the fact that the published data indicate that botulinus antitoxin has thus far failed to give beneficial results in the treatment of botulism in human beings because, as it would seem, of the rapid progress of intoxication, any method of delaying the progress of intoxication to supplement the antitoxin therapy deserves consideration.
EXTRADURAL HEMATOMA IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: FRANC D. INGRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1949)

The formation of extradural hematoma is well known as a result of head injury in adults.<sup>1</sup>It is much less frequently recognized that extradural hematoma often occurs in infancy and childhood, the literature being confined to isolated case reports. In fact, such authors as Munro and Maltby,<sup>1b</sup>Peet<sup>2</sup>and Gurdjian<sup>1c</sup>stated that the lesion is a rarity in the pediatric age group. Our experience indicates that the occurrence of extradural hematoma in infants and children is more frequent than the literature suggests, 20 instances being found among approximately 1,000 cases of head injury in patients below the age of 12 years. Since the clinical signs usually differ greatly from those seen in adults, the extradural hematomas may be easily overlooked. Prompt neurosurgical treatment is life saving and has been associated with a low mortality rate. For these reasons, we summarize the material of a pediatric neurosurgical
Use of ≥ 1 antihypertensive drug at bedtime reduced CV events more than use of all drugs in the morning in CKD
Authors: Arjun D. Sinha, Rajiv Agarwal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club19 June 2012Use of ≥ 1 antihypertensive drug at bedtime reduced CV events more than use of all drugs in the morning in CKDArjun D. Sinha, MD, Rajiv Agarwal, MDArjun D. Sinha, MDIndiana University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (A.D.S., R.A.), Rajiv Agarwal, MDIndiana University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (A.D.S., R.A.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22:2313-21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22025630Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Hospitalists: Cardiology: Nephrology: References1 Minutolo R, Gabbai FB, Borrelli S, et al. Changing the timing of antihypertensive therapy to reduce nocturnal blood pressure in CKD: an 8-week uncontrolled trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;50:908-17. [PMID: 18037091]. Google Scholar2 Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145-53. [PMID: 10639539] Google Scholar3 Svensson P, de Faire U, Sleight P, Yusuf S, Ostergren J. Comparative effects of ramipril on ambulatory and office blood pressures: a HOPE substudy. Hypertension. 2001;38:E28-32. [PMID: 11751742] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (A.D.S., R.A.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 June 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByManagement of Hypertension in People with Diabetes Mellitus: Translating the 2012 Canadian Hypertension Education Program Recommendations into Practice 19 June 2012Volume 156, Issue 12Page: JC6-8KeywordsCardiovascular disease riskChronic kidney diseaseCoronary revascularizationDrugsHeart failureHypertensionIschemic strokeMyocardial infarctionTransient ischemic attacks ePublished: 19 June 2012 Issue Published: 19 June 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...