tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Yeast-recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Efficacy with hepatitis B immune globulin in prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission
Authors: C. E. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A yeast-recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was licensed recently by the Food and Drug Administration and is now available. To assess the efficacy of the yeast-recombinant vaccine, we administered the vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globulin to high-risk newborns. If infants whose mothers were positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen and the e antigen receive no immunoprophylaxis, 70% to 90% become infected with the virus, and almost all become chronic carriers. Among infants in this study who received hepatitis B immune globulin at birth and three 5-micrograms doses of yeast-recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, only 4.8% became chronic carriers, a better than 90% level of protection and a rate that is comparable with that seen with immune globulin and plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. These data suggest that, in this high-risk setting, the yeast-recombinant vaccine is as effective as the plasma-derived vaccine in preventing hepatitis B virus infection and the chronic carrier state.
HEPATIC COMPLICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS
Authors: FREDERICK KELLOGG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Article1 May 1936HEPATIC COMPLICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILISII. INCIDENCE OF HEPATIC DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH UNTREATED SYPHILIS AND DURING THEIR SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT*FREDERICK KELLOGG, M.D., NORMAN N. EPSTEIN, M.D., WM. J. KERR, M.D., F.A.C.P.FREDERICK KELLOGG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NORMAN N. EPSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WM. J. KERR, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-9-11-1561 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHepatitis as a complication of anti-syphilitic therapy is not an uncommon occurrence. The injury thus suffered by the liver may be transient or it may be permanent, resulting in cirrhosis. Thus Baldridge1reported that, of a series of 36 patients with definite portal cirrhosis, one-third had histories of treatment for syphilis. During the past 10 years the value of controlling the arsphenamine treatment of syphilis by functional tests of the liver has been repeatedly emphasized. Such tests are indicated especially for patients with histories of hepatic disease or with evidence of disturbance of the liver developing during the course of...Bibliography1. BALDRIDGE CW: The relationship between antisyphilitic treatment and toxic cirrhosis, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1934, clxxxviii, 685. Google Scholar2. BISKINDEPSTEINKERR GRNNWJ: Hepatic complications in the treatment of syphilis, ANN. INT. MED., 1934, vii, 966. LinkGoogle Scholar3. ALTHAUSENBISKINDKERR TLGRWJ: The Rose Bengal test of hepatic function; a spectroscopic method, Jr. Lab. and Clin. Med., 1933, xviii, 954. Google Scholar4. ALTHAUSENGUNTHERLAGENKERR TLLJBWJ: Modification of the dextrose tolerance test as an index of metabolic activity of the liver, Arch. Int. Med., 1930, xlvi, 482. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Francisco, California*Received for publication March 18, 1936.From the Division of Medicine and the Department of Dermatology, University of California Medical School, San Francisco.†Research Fellow, American College of Physicians. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAllgemeine Pathologie der Syphilis 1 May 1936Volume 9, Issue 11Page: 1561-1571KeywordsCirrhosisDermatologyHepatitis ALiverLiver diseasesSyphilis Issue Published: 1 May 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Safety and Accuracy of 64-Slice Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography in Children After the Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Phalla Ou, David S. Celermajer, Davide Marini, Gabriella Agnoletti, Pascal Vouhé, Francis Brunelle, Kim-Hanh Le Quan Sang, Jean Christophe Thalabard, Daniel Sidi, Damien Bonnet
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
Unexplained Lymphadenopathy in Homosexual Men
Authors: Daniel B. Fishbein
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In January 1982, the Centers for Disease Control began a prospective study of unexplained generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome in 78 homosexual or bisexual men. As of Aug 1, 1984, the median durations of lymphadenopathy and enrollment were 29.5 months and 20 months, respectively. Antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/ lymphadenopathy-associated virus were present in 75 (96%) of the study patients. Five (6%) of the patients were diagnosed as having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome five to 25 months after the onset of lymphadenopathy. At the time of their initial visit, these five patients had lower T-helper cell counts, hematocrits, lymphocyte counts, and pokeweed mitogen stimulation ratios and were more likely to report severe symptoms than patients who did not develop the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. During 318 follow-up visits, except for the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in five patients, there has been little change in the initial laboratory and clinical measures of this cohort. Within the follow-up period of this study, the features of lymphadenopathy syndrome have been unremitting for the majority of patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:930-935)
Biventricular repair approach in ducto-dependent neonates with hypoplastic but morphologically normal left ventricle
Authors: Alain Serraf, Jean Dominique Piot, Nicolas Bonnet, François Lacour-Gayet, Anita Touchot, Jacqueline Bruniaux, Emré Belli, Lorenzo Galletti, Claude Planché
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
553 HIGH EXPRESSION OF PD-1 ON CD4+ LYMPHOCYTES MAY INTERFERE WITH VIRUS CONTROL IN HEPATITIS B CHRONICALLY INFECTED CHILDREN BY CURBING ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC T HELPER 1 RESPONSES
Authors: I. Carey, D. Cebecauerova, S. Bansal, P. Subramaniam, G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The New Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Suzette M. LaRoche, Sandra L. Helmers
Journal: JAMA (2004)

The past decade has brought many advances to the treatment of epilepsy, including many new pharmacological agents. Primary care physicians often care for patients with epilepsy and therefore should be familiar with the new options available.To review data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of antiepileptic drugs introduced in the past decade.A search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to identify all published human and English-language randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of the antiepileptic drugs that have been approved for use in the United States since 1990. Additional reports evaluating pharmacokinetic properties were identified through a MEDLINE search as well as review of article bibliographies.Search terms included felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, topiramate, tiagabine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and zonisamide. Studies were selected if efficacy and tolerability were reported as major outcome measures. Included studies (n = 55) enrolled a minimum of 20 adult subjects and had a treatment period of at least 6 weeks.Eight new antiepileptic drugs have been approved for use in the United States in the past decade. Each new antiepileptic drug is well tolerated and demonstrates statistically significant reductions in seizure frequency over baseline. No randomized controlled trials have compared the new antiepileptic drugs with each other or against the traditional antiepileptic drugs. Although there is no evidence to suggest that the newer medications are more efficacious, several studies have demonstrated broader spectrum of activity, fewer drug interactions, and overall better tolerability of the new agents.New antiepileptic drugs offer many options in the treatment of epilepsy, each with unique mechanisms of action as well as adverse effect profiles. The new antiepileptic drugs are well tolerated with few adverse effects, minimal drug interactions, and a broad spectrum of activity.
Antibiotic Prescribing for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection--Reply
Authors: M. H. Ebell
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
When and Whom To Screen
Authors: Stephen G. Pauker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 December 1993When and Whom To ScreenStephen G. Pauker, MDStephen G. Pauker, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-11-199312010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:My editorial accomplished its purpose to generate vigorous debate about screening. The large benefit of treating diseased patients should not be confused with the exquisitely small benefit of screening patients who are very unlikely to have disease. In contrast to neonatal screening programs for phenylketonuria [1, 2], screening for ovarian cancer is not without risk. Follow-up transvaginal sonography may be uncomfortable, and exploratory laparotomy will produce some complications; both will consume scarce health care resources.As Drs. Feagin and Burris note, clinicians care for individuals, but we often use average data about populations to estimate prognosis. Even acknowledging ...References1. Van Pelt A, Levy HL. Cost-benefit analysis of newborn screening for metabolic disorders. N Engl J Med. 1974; 291:1414-6. Google Scholar2. Barden HS, Kessel R, Schuett VE. The costs and benefits of screening for PKU in Wisconsin. Social Biology. 1984; 31:1-17. Google Scholar3. Galen RS, Gambino SR. Beyond Normality: The Predictive Value and Efficacy of Medical Diagnoses. New York: J. Wiley; 1975:237. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 11Page: 1150-1152KeywordsCancer screeningEmotionsForecastingHealth careLaparotomyOvarian cancerPatientsPhenylketonuriaPopulation statisticsUltrasound imaging ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
GABAergic mechanism in the rostral ventrolateral medulla contributes to the hypotension of moxonidine
Authors: Jun-Feng Peng, Zhao-Tang Wu, Yang-Kai Wang, Wen-Jun Yuan, Tao Sun, Xin Ni, Ding-Feng Su, Wei Wang, Ming-Juan Xu, Wei-Zhong Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

The depressor action of the centrally antihypertensive drug moxonidine has been attributed to activation of I1-imidazoline receptor in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). The objective of this study was to determine the role of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mechanisms in the RVLM in mediating the effect of moxonidine in anaesthetized normotensive rats. The relationship between the effects of microinjection or picoinjection of moxonidine and the functional state of GABA receptors at the level of the RVLM or pre-sympathetic neuron was determined. Microdialysis was performed to detect the effect of moxonidine on the release of GABA in the RVLM. Western blot analysis was carried out to test the effect of chronic intracerebroventricular injection of moxonidine on the protein expression of GABA receptors in the RVLM. Pre-treatment with the GABAA or GABAB receptor antagonist bicuculline (5 pmol) or CGP35348 (200 pmol), respectively, microinjected into the RVLM significantly attenuated the decrease in blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity induced by moxonidine. In 22 moxonidine-sensitive pre-sympathetic neurons in the RVLM, picoinjection of bicuculline (100 fmol/5 nL) significantly attenuated the neuronal inhibition evoked by moxonidine (100 pmol/5 nL). The release of GABA in the RVLM was increased after intravenous moxonidine (50 μg/kg). Central infusion of moxonidine upregulated the protein expression of both GABAA and GABAB receptors in the RVLM. The current data demonstrate that GABAergic mechanisms in the RVLM are responsible for the hypotension and sympathoinhibition of moxonidine.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Airway Obstruction on Canine Left Ventricular Performance
Authors: JOHN D. PARKER, DINA BROOKS, LOUISE F. KOZAR, CAROLINE L. RENDER-TEIXEIRA, RICHARD L. HORNER, T. DOUGLAS BRADLEY, ELIOT A. PHILLIPSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We used a canine model of chronic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to examine the effects of intermittent airway occlusion during sleep on left ventricular (LV) performance. Studies were performed in four dogs. The effects of acute airway occlusion on LV pressure and volume (on a background of chronic OSA) were determined with an impedance catheter and a high fidelity manometer. In conscious animals (n = 3), experiencing spontaneous episodes of sleep, acute airway occlusion caused significant increases in LV transmural systolic pressure that were associated with increased end-systolic volume and reduced stroke volume. To determine the effects of chronic OSA on baseline LV function, two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed in conscious animals (n = 4) during unobstructed breathing before and after a 1- to 3-mo period of OSA. During chronic OSA, there was a significant decrease in LV ejection fraction as a result of increases in end-systolic volume. We conclude that in chronic OSA acute airway occlusion during sleep is associated with increases in LV afterload and decreases in fractional shortening. Chronic OSA also leads to sustained decreases in LV systolic performance that could be caused by the development of systemic hypertension and/or transient increases in LV afterload during episodes of airway obstruction. Parker JD, Brooks D, Kozar LF, Render-Tixeira CL, Horner RL, Bradley TD, Phillipson EA. Acute and chronic effects of airway obstruction on canine left ventricular performance.
Slow and Slow the Changes Are Done
Authors: Clifford I. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Terbutaline Raises High-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Philip L. Hooper, William Woo, Laurent Visconti, Dorothy R. Pathak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

HIGH-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been found to be the best serum predictor of coronary-artery disease. High levels of HDL are associated with a low risk of coronary-artery disease, and low levels with a high risk. HDL appears to be the cholesterol "scavenger" of the body: it removes cholesterol from cells and carries it to the liver for excretion. Since factors that are associated with protection from coronary-artery disease (exercise, alcohol consumption, estrogen, thinness, and genetics) are associated with high HDL-cholesterol levels, it has been proposed that elevated serum HDL, particularly the HDL-2 subfraction, may bring about the protection. In fact, . . .
Precautions against Hepatitis B
Authors: Jerri Bryant
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 November 1990Precautions against Hepatitis BJerri Bryant, RN, MPH, CIC, Sandy Pirwitz, RN, MS, CICJerri Bryant, RN, MPH, CICSearch for more papers by this author, Sandy Pirwitz, RN, MS, CICSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-807_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:We were confused by some of Holmes and colleagues' (1) summary recommendations about control of B virus infection. Holmes and coworkers (1) acknowledge that the risk for person-to-person transmission appears to be very low but that transmission through other body fluids (other than through fresh drainage from active lesions) and fomites remains a possibility. They therefore conclude that universal precautions should be used when working with patients who have presumed or documented B virus infection. Universal precautions, as described by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), apply only to blood and those body fluids known to transmit...References1. HolmesHilliardKlontz GJK. B virus (Herpesvirus simiae) infection in humans: epidemiologic investigation of a cluster. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:833-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Update: universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings. MMWR. 1988;37:377-88. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. LynchJacksonCummingsStamm PMMW. Rethinking the role of isolation practices in the prevention of nosocomial infections. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:243-6. LinkGoogle Scholar4. LynchCummingsHerriott PMM. Implementing and evaluating a system of generic infection control precautions: body substance isolation. Am J Infect Control. 1990;18:1-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jerri Bryant, RN, MPH, CIC; Sandy Pirwitz, RN, MS, CICAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH 44195 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1990Volume 113, Issue 10Page: 807-808KeywordsBloodBody fluidsHepatitis BInfectious hepatitisLesions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 November 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
VALUE OF SELECTIVE VOLUNTARY EXERCISE
Authors: HALBERT W. CHAPPEL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The partial or complete loss of function following infectious arthritis is due to changes in the structure of the synovial membrane, the cartilage and the bones; to periarticular changes, or to changes in the muscles that control the movements of the joints; to any two, and not infrequently to all three.  The synovial membrane is usually thickened, and it is not uncommon to find large fringes and villi. The cartilage which is softened during the acute stage is thinned and occasionally entirely absorbed. In the long standing cases, the ends of the bones have become smooth and very hard, with an accompanying atrophy of their shaft. At the margins of the joints, bone proliferation forms irregular nodules, varying in size from that of a pin head to a triangular mass nearly an inch in length.  The periarticular tissues show infiltration and swelling, so that the enlargement about the joint is
Glanders in a Military Research Microbiologist
Authors: Arjun Srinivasan, Carl N. Kraus, David DeShazer, Patrice M. Becker, James D. Dick, Lisa Spacek, John G. Bartlett, W. Russell Byrne, David L. Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Infection with Burkholderia mallei (formerly Pseudomonas mallei) can cause a subcutaneous infection known as farcy or can disseminate to cause the condition known as glanders. In humans, acute infection with B. mallei is characterized by necrosis of the tracheobronchial tree, pustular skin lesions, and either a febrile pneumonia, if the organism was inhaled, or signs of sepsis and multiple abscesses, if the skin was the portal of entry.1 At the turn of the 20th century, glanders was an important cause of death among horses, and there were secondary, often fatal, infections in humans.2 Because of the lethal and contagious . . .
Ovarian Malignancy Presenting as Multiple Intracardiac Masses
Authors: Colin Edwards, William Bradlow, Graeme Taylor, Jonathan P. Christiansen
Journal: Circulation (2006)

A 38-year-old woman with no significant previous illness presented with progressive breathlessness and abdominal distension of 6 months' duration.Examination noted tachycardia, a blood pressure level of 100/60 mm Hg, an elevated jugular venous pressure to the angle of the mandible, a middiastolic heart sound, dullness at both lung bases, and hepatomegaly.Chest x-ray confirmed cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusions.Echocardiography demonstrated 6 intracardiac masses, 3 in the left atrium, 2 in the right atrium, and 1 in the apex of the right ventricle.There was obstruction to both the right and left ventricular inflows.Abdominal ultrasound revealed a small 3ϫ2.5-cm left ovarian mass and pelvic ascites consistent with an ovarian malignancy.Wholebody computed tomography scanning noted 2 localized pleural masses but no further secondary deposits.The clinical assessment was of a primary ovarian malignancy with secondary spread to the heart and pleura.The cardiac tumors Disclosures