tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recovery from acute interstitial nephritis.
Authors: D G Wilkinson, D H Boyd
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Monthly variations in serum 25-OHD3 concentrations in 232 elderly South African patients with fractures of femoral neck.Means (+SE) are plotted for two-monthly groups.Conversion: SI to traditional units-Serum 25-OHD,: 1 nmol/l 040 ng/ml.mean daily temperatures each month rather than the mean daily hours of sunshine.Even with a high mean level of daily sunshine some of the patients had low 25-OHD3 concentrations compared with children from the same area, whose mean concentration was 76-75 nmol/l (30.7 ng/ml).4The seasonal decline in 25-OHD3 concentrations, therefore, may be related to a fall in environmental temperature, resulting in less time spent out of doors and greater skin coverage by clothing.
Psychiatric Hospital Beds and Prison Populations in South America Since 1990
Authors: Adrian P. Mundt, Winnie S. Chow, Margarita Arduino, Hugo Barrionuevo, Rosemarie Fritsch, Nestor Girala, Alberto Minoletti, Flávia Mitkiewicz, Guillermo Rivera, María Tavares, Stefan Priebe
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

In 1939, English mathematician, geneticist, and psychiatrist Lionel Sharples Penrose hypothesized that the numbers of psychiatric hospital beds and the sizes of prison populations were inversely related; 75 years later, the question arises as to whether the hypothesis applies to recent developments in South America.To explore the possible association of changes in the numbers of psychiatric hospital beds with changes in the sizes of prison populations in South America since 1990.We searched primary sources for the numbers of psychiatric hospital beds in South American countries since 1990 (the year that the Latin American countries signed the Caracas Declaration) and compared these changes against the sizes of prison populations. The associations between the numbers of psychiatric beds and the sizes of prison populations were tested using fixed-effects regression of panel data. Economic variables were considered as covariates. Sufficiently reliable and complete data were obtained from 6 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.The numbers of psychiatric beds and the sizes of prison populations.Since 1990, the numbers of psychiatric beds decreased in all 6 countries (ranging from -2.0% to -71.9%), while the sizes of prison populations increased substantially (ranging from 16.1% to 273.0%). Panel data regression analysis across the 6 countries showed a significant inverse relationship between numbers of psychiatric beds and sizes of prison populations. On average, the removal of 1 bed was associated with 5.18 more prisoners (95% CI, 3.10-7.26; P = .001), which was reduced to 2.78 prisoners (95% CI, 2.59-2.97; P < .001) when economic growth was considered as a covariate. The association between the numbers of psychiatric beds and the sizes of prison populations remained practically unchanged when income inequality was considered as a covariate (-4.28 [95% CI, -5.21 to -3.36]; P < .001).Since 1990, the numbers of psychiatric beds have substantially decreased in South America, while the sizes of the prison populations have increased against a background of strong economic growth. The changes appear to be associated because the numbers of beds decreased more extensively when and where the sizes of prison populations increased. These findings are consistent with and specify the assumption of an association between the numbers of psychiatric beds and the sizes of prison populations. More research is needed to understand the drivers of the capacities of psychiatric hospitals and prisons and to explore reasons for their association.
The cytoprotective effect of α-tocopherol and daidzein against d-galactosamine–induced oxidative damage in the rat liver
Authors: Max C.Y. Wong, Bernard Portmann, Roy Sherwood, Onni Niemela, Heidi Koivisto, Seppo Parkkila, Keith Trick, Mary R. L'Abbe, James Wilson, Philip R. Dash, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Victor R. Preedy, Helen Wiseman
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
VITAMIN C SATURATION LEVELS IN THE BODY IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 1
Authors: Philip Finkle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

0 1.0 8.0 A. W. Gonorrheal arthritis .... 9.0 1.6 2.5 13.0 D. T. Luetic aortitis......... 9.0 1.5 1.5 9.0 S. S. Carcinoma of bronchus.. 9.1 1.1 2.1 9.3 2 The author wishes to express his appreciation to Merck and Co. for their generous cooperation in supplying us with the ascorbic acid required in these studies.
Pathological Lesions in the Liver Demonstrated by Ultrasound.
Authors: Joseph H. Holmes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Pathological Lesions in the Liver Demonstrated by Ultrasound.Joseph H. Holmes, M.D., F.A.C.P., Mark Trucksess, B.A.Joseph H. Holmes, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Mark Trucksess, B.A.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1081_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBecause of good transmission of ultrasound (1 to 3 megacycles) through the liver, pathological lesions of the liver show up well with ultrasonic diagnostic pulse-echo techniques. By compound scanning it is possible to obtain anatomical cross-sectional pictures of the liver. Studies were done in approximately 60 normals and 300 patients with suspected liver disease. There was good correlation with liver size in all patients with hepatomegaly even when the hepatomegaly could not be demonstrated by palpation. There were 50 patients with cirrhosis where confirmatory diagnostic evidence was available such as autopsy, biopsy, or surgical examination. In 40 patients, the diagnostic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver, Colorado PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1081-1081KeywordsAutopsyBiopsyCirrhosisHepatomegalyLesionsLiverLiver diseasesUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
PRESENT STATUS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR CARDIAC DISEASES
Authors: Thomas J. Dry
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In 1938, Robert Gross performed the first successful ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. This spectacular event is to a large extent responsible for setting in motion a veritable chain reaction in which investigators in many fields of biology and science have shared the experiences of the clinician and the surgeon. In an unbelievably short time, the application of surgical techniques has spread to a growing number of acquired and congenital cardiac disease states. To present a picture of the current status of surgical techniques for cardiac diseases, this survey includes information gathered by means of a questionnaire from the experiences and opinions of a number of clinicians and surgeons prominent in this field.<sup>1</sup> For convenience of discussion, the cardiac diseases amenable to surgical treatment can be divided into three groups. 1. This group consists of those instances in which a physiological restoration to normal or near normal is
Relationship between bronchial reversibility and tracheobronchial clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis
Authors: M. Moretti, M. T. Lopez-Vidriero, D. Pavia, S. W. Clarke
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Patients with chronic bronchitis show a large intersubject variation in sputum rheology, tracheobronchial clearance, and reversibility of airflow obstruction to beta 2 agonists. The bronchial mediators which are known to cause bronchoconstriction, mucosal oedema, mucus hypersecretion, and cough can also affect mucociliary transport. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether changes in tracheobronchial clearance and sputum rheological properties in patients with chronic bronchitis were associated with a specific degree of airflow reversibility assessed as the bronchial response to an inhaled beta 2 agonist (fenoterol 400 micrograms).Bronchial reversibility (percentage change in baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)) was measured in 26 patients with chronic bronchitis on three separate occasions, at least one week apart. Tracheobronchial clearance was evaluated by a non-invasive radioaerosol technique, and an oscillatory viscometer was used for measuring sputum apparent viscosity and elasticity. The number of coughs (productive and nonproductive coughs), the wet weight of sputum, and its radioaerosol content were recorded during the six hour clearance period, as well as the 24 hour sputum production.The change in FEV1 after fenoterol was less than 15% in 12 patients and more than 15% in 14. Patients with airways reversibility of more than 15% had faster tracheobronchial clearance, more coughs, lower sputum viscosity and elasticity, and larger 24 hour sputum production than those with airways reversibility of less than 15%.In patients with chronic bronchitis a large bronchodilator response is associated with faster clearance of mucus by mucociliary transport and coughing.
Experimental Study of Biliary Endoprosthesis Efficiency
Authors: J.F. Rey, P. Maupetit, M. Greff
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

Insertion of biliary prosthesis permits palliative drainage; unfortunately, cholangitis and clotting induced a large amount of side effects. We set up an experimental model with a view to testing in vitro efficiency of available stents, then we designed a new prosthesis with improved mechanical performance.
Neonatal Hyperglycemia Following Maternal Diazoxide Administration
Authors: Rebecca L. Milsap
Journal: JAMA (1980)

DIAZOXIDE, a nondiuretic thiazide, when injected intravenously (IV) is a potent arteriolar dilator effective in the treatment of severe hypertension associated with pregnancy.<sup>1,2</sup>Animal studies have shown that diazoxide crosses the placenta, causing fetal hyperglycemia<sup>3,4</sup>and destruction of pancreatic islet cells.<sup>5</sup>An infant experienced severe persistent postnatal hyperglycemia after in utero exposure to diazoxide. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 31-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, noted to have proteinuria (2+) and blood pressure (BP) of 130/90 mm Hg at approximately 30 weeks' gestation, was hospitalized at 33 weeks with complaints of abdominal pain. A BP of 200/130 mm Hg, with 3+ reflexes, ankle edema, and proteinuria (3+) were present. Mild uterine contractions ensued, with BP to 240/140 mm Hg. The mother was initially treated with intramuscular magnesium sulfate and hydralazine hydrochloride, with reduction in BP to 194/130 mm Hg. Approximately 2 1/2 hours before delivery, furosemide, 40
Molecular interactions of complement receptors on B lymphocytes: a CR1/CR2 complex distinct from the CR2/CD19 complex.
Authors: D A Tuveson, J M Ahearn, A K Matsumoto, D T Fearon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The complement system augments the humoral immune response to low concentrations of antigen. This effect may be partly mediated by complement receptors on the surface of B lymphocytes that bind immunogenic complexes bearing fragments of C3 and C4. We have shown by immunoprecipitation analysis that the two complement receptors expressed by B lymphocytes, complement receptor 1 (CR1) and CR2, form a detergent-sensitive complex on the surface of tonsillar B lymphocytes and on K562 erythroleukemia cells that were co-transfected with cDNAs encoding CR1 and CR2. The CR1/CR2 complex is distinct from the CR2/CD19 complex and may assist B cell activation by efficiently capturing C3b-containing immunogens and maintaining such immunogens on the B cell after CR1 and factor I-mediated cleavage to iC3b and C3dg. The complement activating immunogen may then trigger signal transduction by the CR1/CR2 complex, the CR2/CD19 complex, or membrane immunoglobulin.
Portosystemic Hepatic Encephalopathy After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in Patients With Cirrhosis: Clinical, Laboratory, Psychometric, and Electroencephalographic Investigations
Authors: Wilhelm Nolte, Jens Wiltfang, Christian Schindler, Hans Münke, Knut Unterberg, Uta Zumhasch, Hans R. Figulla, Gerald Werner, Heinz Hartmann, Giuliano Ramadori
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

A prospective study of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) including neuropsychiatric and psychometric evaluation, electroencephalography, and determination of arterial ammonia levels was performed in 55 cirrhotic patients treated consecutively by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The cumulative HE rate increased from 23.6% within the 3-month interval before TIPS to 50. 9% within the first 3-month interval post-TIPS (P = .003). Significant and independent predictors of HE post-TIPS were the presence of HE pre-TIPS and reduced liver function. The cumulative HE rate declined in the second 3-month interval post-TIPS and reached the pre-TIPS level. Chronic forms of HE exceeding grade I were not observed. In a subgroup of 22 nonencephalopathic TIPS patients, the prevalence of subclinical HE did not change after TIPS. Among individual psychometric tests, the block design test gave the highest proportion of pathological results (about 50%), whereas selective reminding gave the lowest (10%-25%). Electroencephalography (EEG) showed a temporary increase of pathological results at 1 month after TIPS, when patients with overt HE (grade I) were included (proportion of 21.1% before vs. 57.1%, P = .005). Arterial ammonia concentration increased from a mean of 94 +/- 26 microgram/dL to 140 +/- 28 microgram/dL at 3 months after TIPS (P < .001). Elevated ammonia levels persisted. TIPS led to a temporary increase of HE incidence within 3 months. The decline of the HE rate beyond 3 months despite a sustained increase of arterial ammonia levels could not entirely be explained by reduction of shunt flow, nor by alteration of liver function. Instead, cerebral adaptation to gut-derived neurotoxins might be anticipated.
Ten-year follow-up of survival and myocardial infarction in the randomized Coronary Artery Surgery Study.
Authors: E L Alderman, M G Bourassa, L S Cohen, K B Davis, G G Kaiser, T Killip, M B Mock, M Pettinger, T L Robertson
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) randomized 780 patients to an initial strategy of coronary surgery or medical therapy. Of medically randomized patients, 6% had surgery within 6 months and a total of 40% had surgery by 10 years. At 10 years, there was no difference in cumulative survival (medical, 79% vs. surgical, 82%; NS) and no difference in percentage free of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (medical, 69% vs. surgical, 66%; NS). Patients with an ejection fraction of less than 0.50 exhibited a better survival with initial surgery treatment (medical, 61% vs. surgical, 79%; p = 0.01). Conversely, patients with an ejection fraction greater than or equal to 0.50 exhibited a higher proportion free of death and myocardial infarction with initial medical therapy (medical, 75% vs. surgical, 68%; p = 0.04) although long-term survival remained unaffected (medical, 84% vs. surgical, 83%; p = 0.75). There were no significant differences either in survival and freedom from nonfatal myocardial infarction, whether stratified on presence of heart failure, age, hypertension, or number of vessels diseased. Thus, 10-year follow-up results confirm earlier reports from CASS that patients with left ventricular dysfunction exhibit long-term benefit from an initial strategy of surgical treatment. Patients with mild stable angina and normal left ventricular function randomized to initial medical treatment (with an option for later surgery if symptoms progress) have survival equivalent to those patients randomized to initial surgery.
Weight loss in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: G J Beckett, N Dewhurst, N D Finlayson, I W Percy-Robb
Journal: Gut (1980)

Duodenal bile salt concentrations were measured throughout one day in six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis while they were eating a normal ward diet. Five of them had lost weight; none had ascites. Each patient had a radiologically normal small bowel and a normal jejunal biopsy. No clear relationship between high faecal fat excretion and abnormally low duodenal bile salt concentration was found. Xylose absorption was abnormal in five patients. If weight loss in primary biliary cirrhosis is due to malabsorption, factors other than a reduced small intestinal bile salt concentration must be important.
Promace day 1/MOPP day 8 chemotherapy for prolymphocytic leukemia: A case report of prolonged survival
Authors: Benjamin H. Yuen, John E. Godwin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract The treatment result of a case of de novo B‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B‐PLL) is described. The diagnosis was established with histologic, ultrastructural and immunologic studies. The patient was treated with chemotherapy using a total of seven cycles of ProMACE Day 1/MOPP Day 8 lymphoma regimen. Complete remission was achieved after 5 cycles of chemotherapy. The patient remains disease free after a 7‐year follow up. This is the first case of PLL being treated with such a regimen and the only case reported achieved such prolonged survival. Results of other treatment modalities are reviewed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibiotic-induced interstitial nephritis?
Authors: C T Flynn
Journal: BMJ (1979)

patients with severe depressions, and the expectation is that those patients with elevated 2-7 patterns will show more antidepressant responses to lithium than those with lower 2-7 patterns, our findings suggest that obsessional thinking might be as important as depression as a discriminator variable of antidepressant responses to lithium.For example, when scale 7 was used alone, our results approximated the 2-7 hit rate found by House and Martin (74",, v 8000 respectively) for the responders, suggesting that response to lithium is almost equally dependent on high scores on obsessional thinking almost as much as on depression.These suggestions from several studies seem worthy of further investigation, given the interest being taken in attempts to find patient subgroups and potential responders prior to the weeks of treatment usually required to evaluate response or non-response to psychoactive drugs.
European Commission warns of impending HIV/AIDS epidemic
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following European Commission warns of impending HIV/AIDS epidemic Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Molecular basis and hematological characterization of Hb H disease in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ta‐Chih Liu, Shyh‐Shin Chiou, Sheng‐Fung Lin, Tyen‐Po Chen, Wen‐Ping Tseng, Pao‐Huei Chen, Jan‐Gowth Chang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract We molecularly characterized sixty‐seven cases of Hb H disease by the polymerase chain reaction. The strategy depends on amplifying the α‐thalassemia‐1 (α‐thal‐1) gene by prlmers flanking the breakpoint and sequence differences of the 3′ end of the α‐globin gene and the nonhomologous elements I, II, and III among different types of α‐thala‐2. In the 67 cases studied, all involved α‐thal‐1 of the Southeast Asia type (SEA) In combination with deletional or nondeletional α‐thal‐2. Thirty‐two cases were of the deletion form and 35 cases were of the nondeletion form. In 32 cases of the deletion form, 29 cases were rightward deletion (‐α 3.7 ), and three cases were leftward deletion (‐α 4.2 ). We found that all of the nondeletion forms were α‐thal‐1 of SEA type with Hb CS. After the subtyping of Hb H with ‐α 3.7 , 26 out of 29 were type I deletion and 3 out of 29 were type II deletion. Comparlsons of clinical data of deletion forms and the nondeletion form showed that there were earlier occurrence of anemic symptoms and a larger erythrocyte volume in the nondeletion form group ( P &lt; 0.005). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gossypin, a pentahydroxy glucosyl flavone, inhibits the transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase-1-mediated NF-κB activation pathway, leading to potentiation of apoptosis, suppression of invasion, and abrogation of osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, Asha S. Nair, Kwang Seok Ahn, Manoj K. Pandey, Zhengfang Yi, Mingyao Liu, Bharat B. Aggarwal
Journal: Blood (2007)
Osteoporosis and Smoking
Authors: Harry W. Daniell
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Drs. Boukhris and Becker in the March 6, 1972, issue ofThe Journaldocuments nicely the previously noted association between calcification of the abdominal aorta and osteoporosis. The authors speculate that calcium adsorbed from osteoporotic bones might be preferentially deposited in the arterial intima, but otherwise do not discuss mechanisms which might lead to the association which they describe. Absence of this discussion reflects the very limited degree to which the etiology and pathogenesis of osteoporosis are understood. Our recent experience suggests that the perpetual villain, cigarette smoking, may be a prominent, but presently unappreciated factor in this etiology, and thereby at least partially explains the association reported. Having observed that patients with symptomatic osteoporosis before age 65 included a striking predominance of heavy habitual smokers, we examined all appropriate and retrievable records from the three small local hospitals. This search yielded data