tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure and contraceptive use
Authors: K.-T. Khaw, W S Peart
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In a survey of 461 women routinely attending family planning clinics, those taking oral contraceptives had significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those using non-hormonal contraception. There appeared to be a dose-response relation of blood pressure to the progestogen component of 2 oral contraceptives with an identical 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol component. This supports the idea that the progestogen as well as the estrogen component has an etiological role in the rise in blood pressure. There was a significant correlation of blood pressure with duration of current use of oral contraceptive but not with total duration of use. There was also a significant negative correlation of blood pressure with time since oral contraceptives were last taken, and women who had stopped using oral contraceptives over a month previously had similar blood pressures to those who had never taken them. In women taking oral contraceptives, those who had either a history of hypertension in pregnancy or a family history of hypertension had significantly higher mean blood pressures than those who did not. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures correlated independently with weight and body mass index, but controlling for the effect of this and age did not affect the above relations. No significant differences in mean blood pressures were found between different ethnic groups, and there was no relation of blood pressure to reported marital state, social class, parity, smoking, or alcohol use.
Septic shock treatment
Authors: T. Anhäupl, B. Liebl, E. Trunk, H. Ensinger, K. Träger, W. Schütz, M. Georgiett, V. Nicovani, G. Remández, L. Bavestrello, L. Castillo, F. Baigorri, A. De Monte, L. Blanch, N. Bonsoms, J. Calvet, A. Artigas, K. H. Lindner, E. Calzia, U. Schirmer, M. Georgieff, G. H. Sigurdsson, H. A. E. Youssef, F. Fourrier, J. L. Chagnon, L. Leclerc, A. Racadot, B. Vallet, C. Chopin
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Lack of vasopressin action on splanchnic hemodynamics during bleeding: A study in conscious, portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Dominique Valla, Catherine Girod, Samuel S. Lee, Alain Braillon, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Due to the marked effects of hemorrhage on cardiac output and splanchnic hemodynamics, the circulatory actions of vasopressin may differ during bleeding as opposed to stable conditions. We evaluated this hypothesis in conscious rats with portal hypertension due to chronic portal vein stenosis, by comparing the effects of a vasopressin infusion (0.02 IU per kg per min) to those of a control saline infusion, during and after a hypotensive hemorrhage (25 ml per kg). We also studied unbled portal hypertensive rats receiving an identical infusion of vasopressin or saline. During and after hemorrhage, vasopressin induced significant changes in systemic hemodynamics but had no effect on portal pressure, portal tributary blood flow and nonhepatic splanchnic arteriolar resistance. In unbled animals, by contrast, vasopressin decreased portal pressure and portal tributary blood flow and increased nonhepatic splanchnic arteriolar resistance. Our data further indicate that hemorrhage alone caused an early vasoconstriction in the portal tributaries and a delayed vasoconstriction in the nonsplanchnic vascular bed while vasopressin during hemorrhage induced an early and sustained vasoconstriction in the nonsplanchnic vascular bed as well as in the portal tributaries. The results show that, during and after severe bleeding, vasopressin exerts little influence on portal hemodynamics. Although these data do not allow firm conclusions concerning the therapeutic efficacy of vasopressin in bleeding esophageal varices, they demonstrate that the splanchnic actions of vasoactive substances cannot be readily extrapolated from stable conditions to hemorrhage.
Fall out from terrorist attacks will affect world's poor
Authors: Alex Vass
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A World Bank report warned last week that as a result of the terrorist attack on the United States, the global downturn in the economy would have disproportionate knock-on effects in the developing world.

The bank estimated that an additional 40 000 children aged under 5 years would die and 10 million people would be kept below the poverty line of $1 (66p) a day. The charity Save the Children found the report “deeply worrying” and called for a redoubling of “efforts being made to deal with the wider root causes of poverty.”

James Wolfensohn, the president of the World Bank, said: “We have seen the human toll of the recent attacks wrought in the US, with citizens from 80 nations perishing in New York. But there is another human toll that is largely unseen and one that will be felt in all parts of the developing world, especially Africa.”

Even before the events of 11 September, growth estimates in …
Saturated Phosphatidylcholine in Amniotic Fluid and Prediction of the Respiratory-Distress Syndrome
Authors: John Torday, Linda Carson, Edward E. Lawson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in amniotic fluid is widely used to predict the risk of respiratory-distress syndrome. However, the results are unreliable if the specimen is contaminated or obtained during a complicated pregnancy. We therefore compared the predictive value of the L/S ratio with that of the concentration of saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC) in 322 amniotic-fluid samples, 75 per cent of which were contaminated or obtained during complicated pregnancies or both. A positive result is one that predicted the development of respiratory-distress syndrome, taken as an L/S ratio equal to or less than 2/1 or an SPC below 500 mug per deciliter. The respiratory-distress syndrome was correctly predicted in 25 of 45 cases (55.5 per cent) with L/S ratios equal to or less than 2/1, and in 35 of 42 cases (82 per cent) with SPC's less than 500 mug per deciliter. When L/S ratios were greater than 2/1, there were 13 of 277 (4.7 per cent) false negatives, and when SPC's were above 500 mug per deciliter, there were three of 280 (1.1 per cent) false negatives. We conclude that determination of SPC is both more specific and more sensitive as a predictor of the respiratory-distress syndrome than the techniques currently in use.
Tetanus vs Drug Reaction
Authors: George E. McKeever
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reference to TheJournalcommunication by Drs. Richard C. Clay and John W. Bolton on "Tetanus Arising From Gangrenous Unperforated Small Intestine" (<b>187</b>:856 [March 14] 1964) I feel that mention should have been made of tetanus-like dystonic reactions and other extrapyramidal side effects of phenothiazine drugs. The muscle spasms induced by phenothiazine drugs may be indistinguishable from true clinical tetanus. In the case reported, major muscle spasm did not begin until prochlorperazine maleate (Compazine) was given as a sedative. If muscle spasms respond rapidly and completely to a barbiturate, even in the face of continuing administration of a phenothiazine, the diagnosis of tetanus can probably be excluded. The fact that this did not happen in the case reported would tend to confirm the diagnosis of tetanus. A very common error in diagnosis is to interpret a phenothiazine tetanus-like reaction as true tetanus, but the case
A New Control Volume Method for Calculating Valvular Regurgitation
Authors: Peter G. Walker, Steen Oyre, Erik M. Pedersen, Kim Houlind, Frederique S. A. Guenet, Ajit P. Yoganathan
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The purpose of the present study was to develop a new method of measuring heart valvular regurgitation based on control volume theory and to verify its accuracy in vitro and in vivo. Current methods of quantifying valvular regurgitation rely too much on assumptions about the flow field and therefore are difficult to apply in vivo. In particular, the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method oversimplifies the proximal velocity field by assuming hemispherical isovelocity contours proximal to the orifice. This severely limits the applicability of the PISA method. Use of the basic control volume theory, however, removes the need to assume the manner in which the proximal flow accelerates toward the regurgitant orifice, the shape and size of the orifice, the shape of the orifice plate, and the non-newtonian behavior of the fluid. Apart from a correction that is necessary if the orifice plate is moving, the control volume method assumes only the incompressibility of the fluid and therefore is a potentially more accurate approach. In addition, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) precludes the need for an acoustic window. Methods and Results MRI has been used to measure the three-dimensional velocity field proximal to regurgitant orifices, including single and multiple orifices and a cone-shaped orifice plate. Both steady (0 to 7.5 L/min) and pulsatile (2 and 3 L/min) flows were used. By integrating this velocity over a control volume surrounding the orifice, we calculated the flow rate through the orifice. As a validation, the cardiac output of a 50-kg pig also was measured and was compared with thermodilution measurements. It was found that MRI could be used to measure the three-dimensional flow proximal to regurgitant orifices. This enabled the calculation of the flow rate through the orifice by integrating the velocity over the surface of a control volume covering the orifice. This flow rate correlated well with the actual flow rate (0.992; correlation line slope, 1.01). Care had to be taken, however, to exclude from the integration regions of aliased velocity. The cardiac output of the pig measured using MRI was in close agreement with the thermodilution measurements. Conclusions Our new method of measuring valvular regurgitation has been shown to be very accurate in vitro and in vivo and therefore is a potentially accurate way to quantify valvular regurgitation.
Public Attitudes Toward Autopsy, Organ Donation, and Dissection-Reply
Authors: M. A. Sanner
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The attempt by Ms Balić and Dr Rumboldt to compare the attitudes toward organ donation and autopsy in Sweden and Croatia is interesting but hard to evaluate because of the limited information provided for the Croatian study. It would have been helpful to have had a table of the different attitudes toward organ donation and autopsy arranged according to age, sex, and level of education. Unfortunately, Table 1 in their letter is partly incorrect. First, the percentages do not indicate the response rate. Second, the Croatian authors have evidently computed our Swedish data by taking figures from our different age groups. In the process, they miss the important point that the sample was stratified by age. To compare the different data sets, it is necessary to break down the Croatian sample according to the different age groups reported in the Swedish study. Despite this, the disparities between the
Use of adenovirus protein IX (pIX) to display large polypeptides on the virion—generation of fluorescent virus through the incorporation of pIX-GFP
Authors: Robert A Meulenbroek, Kathy L Sargent, John Lunde, Bernard J Jasmin, Robin J Parks
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The adenovirus (Ad) protein IX (pIX) is a minor component of the Ad capsid and associates with the hexons that make up the facets of the icosahedron. In this study, we investigated whether a large protein tag could be fused to pIX without compromising the Ad vector itself. As proof-of-principle, we generated a pIX–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein. We show that a virus encoding the pIX-GFP can be generated and that pIX-GFP fusion protein was incorporated into the Ad capsid as efficiently as native pIX. In tissue culture, translocation of Ad/pIX-GFP from the outside of the cell to the nucleus could be followed using fluorescence microscopy, and the timing of migration to the nucleus was similar to that previously reported for Ad. We also could track the virus after injection into the tibialis anterior muscle of mice. Shortly after injection, the majority of the Ad/pIX-GFP accumulated in pockets adjacent to the muscle fibers, with some migration of the virus between fibers. Our ability to attach GFP to the Ad virion, through fusion to pIX, provides a valuable tool for virus tracking in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, our data indicate that pIX can be used as a platform to anchor proteins to the Ad capsid, such as large ligands for cell-type-specific targeting of the vector.
Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen after bone marrow transplantation: Role of adoptive immunity transfer
Authors: G K Lau, A S Lok, R H Liang, C L Lai, E K Chiu, Y L Lau, S K Lam
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Adoptive immunity transfer has been reported to be effective in clearing chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Two hundred twenty-six patients who received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) between May 1990 and September 1995 were screened for hepatitis B markers. Twenty-one patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive before BMT. The median follow-up period was 20 months (range, 2-59 months). Two of these patients had sustained clearance of HBV infection after transplantation. Both patients were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative, hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe)-positive, and serum HBV DNA-negative (by dot-blot hybridization) before BMT. Both had a flare in the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) level around the time of HBsAg clearance. Sustained clearance of HBsAg was observed in 2 of the 5 patients who received hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs)-positive marrow but in none of the 16 patients who received anti-HBs-negative marrow ( P &lt; .05). One additional patient who received anti-HBs-positive marrow had transient HBsAg seroconversion. Among the 18 patients who remained persistently HBsAg-positive after BMT, 3 had HBeAg seroconversion and 3 had reversion to HBeAg positivity. In this study, we found a significant association between clearance of HBV infection and anti-HBs-positive bone marrow donors. Adoptive immunity transfer is effective in clearing HBV from patients with chronic HBV infection.
Centers for Disease Control Guidelines for Prevention and Control of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infections
Authors: THOMAS A. BELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Recent guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control discuss prevention and control of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Chlamydia trachomatis is the commonest sexually transmitted infection in the United States. The rate of infection has increased in the past 10 years. The guidelines do not discuss control of trachoma and only briefly discuss lymphogranuloma venereum. Education of health care professionals and the public about C. trachomatis is recommended, along with the establishment of a nationwide surveillance system.
Intoxication of one kind or another
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) was familiar with dysentery, fever, and delirium. In his early years as a journalist in Lahore, he took a lot of opium to control his bowels; in his unfinished autobiography, Something of Myself , referring to that period of his life, he writes, “a man can work with a temperature of 104, even though next day he has to ask the office who wrote the article.” He sometimes wrote while delirious.

It is not surprising, then, that opium dreams, and illusions and hallucinations, are important in his first works of fiction—for example in The Phantom Rickshaw . The very first of his fictional works, written and published when he was only …
Hyponatremia Associated with Escitalopram
Authors: Jill A. Covyeou, Cherry W. Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ARICEPT safely and effectively.See full prescribing information for ARICEPT.ARICEPT ® (donepezil hydrochloride) tablets, for oral use ARICEPT ODT (donepezil hydrochloride) orally disintegrating tablets Initial U.S.
The unified electrical field
Authors: William A. MacKay
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The electrophysiological perspective presents an electrical field that is continuous throughout the body, with an intense focus of dynamically structured patterns at the cephalic end. That there is indeed an isomorphic mapping between the detailed holistic patterns in this field and in perception (at some level) seems certain. Temporal binding, however, may be a greater challenge than spatial binding.
Kinetics of triglyceride turnover of very low density lipoproteins of human plasma.
Authors: G M Reaven, D B Hill, R C Gross, J W Farquhar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Ahrens and co-workers (1) have collated and extended prior observations (2-7) that high car- bohydrate, low fat diets may cause hypertriglyceridemia in certain subjects.They termed this phenomenon "carbohydrate-induced lipemia" (1).Despite uncertainties concerning the degree or duration of plasma triglyceride rise needed to merit this appellation, this general response to a high carbohydrate diet is frequently observed in patients with evidence for accelerated atherogenesis (1, 8-10).Furthermore, elevated plasma triglycerides are common in patients with "pre- mature" arteriosclerotic heart disease on ad libitum diets (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).Consequently, it becomes im- portant to define the factors controlling plasma triglyceride concentration in man.It can be assumed that changes in concentra- tion of water soluble macromolecules confined to the plasma space, such as lipoproteins, result from variations in rates of entry into and re- moval from plasma, or both.Hypertriglyceridemia in patients with "fat-induced lipemia," another and a relatively uncommon syndrome (1,
A randomised controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of repeated tegaserod therapy in women with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
Authors: J Tack
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> It has been proposed that treatments for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) should provide rapid symptomatic relief, be intermittent, and effective upon repeated use. <b>Aims:</b> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tegaserod on IBS symptoms, and its impact on quality of life and health economic measures. <b>Patients:</b> Women (⩾18 years of age) with IBS-C according to the Rome II criteria. <b>Methods:</b> Prospective, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised trial. Women with IBS-C either received tegaserod 6 mg twice daily or placebo for one month. Patients with at least a partial response entered a treatment free interval. Upon symptom recurrence, tegaserod treated patients were re-randomised to tegaserod or placebo for an additional month. Primary efficacy variables were response (overall IBS symptoms and abdominal discomfort/pain) to first and repeated treatment. Analysis was by intention to treat. <b>Results:</b> 2660 patients and 1191 patients were randomised for first and repeated treatment respectively. Tegaserod was superior to placebo for each primary efficacy variable (first treatment: 33.7% <i>v</i> 24.2% responders respectively for relief of IBS symptoms and 31.3% <i>v</i> 22.1% for relief of abdominal discomfort/pain; repeated treatment: 44.9% <i>v</i> 28.7%, and 42.4% <i>v</i> 27.1%, all p&lt;0.0001). Tegaserod was superior to placebo for every secondary efficacy variable (relief of abdominal discomfort/pain, bloating and constipation; stool frequency and consistency). A response to tegaserod was observed within the first treatment week. Tegaserod produced greater satisfaction, work productivity, and improved quality of life than placebo (p&lt;0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Tegaserod provides rapid and sustained relief of IBS-C symptoms both during first and repeated treatment.
"THE INTRACUTANEOUS GUINEA-PIG TEST FOR HUMAN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DIPTHTHERIA"
Authors: W. H. Kellogg
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 7, is a communication from Dr. Zingher, criticizing rather forcefully my paper on the intracutaneous guinea-pig test for human susceptibility and immunity to diphtheria. Merited criticism should be accepted gracefully, and I am free to admit that the use of my name in association with the test does not have the appearance of good taste; however, there were reasons besides vanity that seemed at the time of the first printed use of the term (on forms for the transmission of specimens) to weigh against the selection of any other. These were, the early local use of the name, the confusion with other laboratory examinations which immediately occurred, and the apparent necessity, since the test was for general use by the profession, of deciding between various cumbersome designations, such as "guinea-pig test for diphtheria immunity and susceptibility," or even just "diphtheria susceptibility reaction," the
Atrial Contractile Dysfunction After Short-term Atrial Fibrillation Is Reduced by Verapamil but Increased by BAY K8644
Authors: Elisabeth Leistad, Gunnar Aksnes, Esther Verburg, Geir Christensen
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Reduced atrial contractility occurs after cessation of atrial fibrillation. Its mechanism is unknown, and no pharmacological treatment exists. It has been hypothesized that this atrial contractile dysfunction results from intracellular calcium overload due to rapid depolarizations during fibrillation. Accordingly, we examined the effects of drugs that reduce or increase transsarcolemmal calcium influx on postfibrillation atrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we examined whether the dysfunction could be attributed to atrial ischemia. Methods and Results Atrial contractility after atrial fibrillation was examined in open-chest pigs paced with a constant ventricular rate after complete AV block. Atrial contractility was computed as systolic shortening of left atrial diameter divided by atrial preload. Three groups of six pigs each were subjected to two 5-minute periods of atrial fibrillation separated by 1 hour of AV pacing. Verapamil or the calcium channel agonist BAY K8644 was administered intravenously before the second fibrillation period. The degree and duration of postfibrillation atrial contractile dysfunction were reduced with verapamil but increased with BAY K8644. In a control group, parallel changes occurred after the first and second fibrillation periods. Atrial tissue content of creatine phosphate declined slightly during fibrillation, whereas the tissue content of ATP and lactate remained unchanged. Conclusions Atrial contractile dysfunction after short-term atrial fibrillation is reduced by the calcium antagonist verapamil, which suggests that transsarcolemmal calcium influx contributed to this dysfunction. The calcium agonist BAY K8644 increased postfibrillation atrial contractile dysfunction. Atrial ischemia was not observed during fibrillation.
NHS trusts' deficits could more than double over next year, leader predicts
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

NHS trusts’ deficits could more than double from around £1bn (€1.4bn; $1.5bn) to £2.5bn in 2015-16, their highest ever level, a health leader has predicted.

Chris Hopson, chief executive of NHS Providers, said that many hospitals’ cash reserves were running out, and performance levels could plummet unless the gap was plugged. “We are in real danger of the strategic deterioration speeding up and getting out of control,” he said.

Hopson, whose organisation represents the vast majority of NHS trusts, spoke at the …
Modeling the evolution of ETV6-RUNX1–induced B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in mice
Authors: Louise van der Weyden, George Giotopoulos, Alistair G. Rust, Louise S. Matheson, Frederik W. van Delft, Jun Kong, Anne E. Corcoran, Mel F. Greaves, Charles G. Mullighan, Brian J. Huntly, David J. Adams
Journal: Blood (2011)