tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autophagy in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Wim Martinet, Guido R.Y. De Meyer
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Autophagy is a reparative, life-sustaining process by which cytoplasmic components are sequestered in double-membrane vesicles and degraded on fusion with lysosomal compartments. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is stimulated in advanced atherosclerotic plaques by oxidized lipids, inflammation, and metabolic stress conditions. However, despite the increasing interest in autophagy in various pathophysiological situations such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiac myopathies, the process remains an underestimated and overlooked phenomenon in atherosclerosis. As a consequence, its role in plaque formation and stability is poorly understood. Most likely, autophagy safeguards plaque cells against cellular distress, in particular oxidative injury, by degrading damaged intracellular material. In this way, autophagy is antiapoptotic and contributes to cellular recovery in an adverse environment. An interesting observation is that basal autophagy can be intensified by specific drugs. Excessively stimulated autophagic activity is capable of destroying major proportions of the cytosol, leading finally to type II programmed cell death that lacks several hallmarks of apoptosis or necrosis. Because atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder of the arterial intima, pharmacological approaches could be developed to stabilize vulnerable, rupture-prone lesions through selective induction of macrophage autophagic death.
CD: Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy: Effective Patient Care
Authors: J. Ker
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Nancy Avis, Isaac Schif Silver Platter Education, $149, CD Rom ISBN 1 57276 0400 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The current debate about hormone replacement therapy and the menopause among healthcare professionals and the public makes any material on the subject both highly topical and of interest to a wide audience. Because of its wide coverage of the different issues, this CD Rom will appeal to medical practitioners from many disciplines and to healthcare professionals such … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Blood Flow
Authors: Isidore Mandelbaum
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Decreased pulsatile blood flow may occur in certain clinical conditions in which congenital or acquired constriction is present in a major artery. Coarctation of the aorta, renal arterial stenosis, and arteriosclerotic narrowing of visceral and peripheral arteries may produce significant dampening of the pulse wave distal to the site of partial obstruction. Diminished pulsatile blood flow is also present during open heart surgery when roller pumps are used in the extracorporeal circuit. The optimum form and amplitude of the pulse wave is important in the development of prosthetic indwelling mechanical hearts. These considerations prompted us to study the vascular response to pulsatile and nonpulsatile blood flow. The resistance of the systemic and pulmonary arterial beds to each type of perfusion was investigated in dogs. <h3>Methods</h3><h3>Group A.—</h3> A left thoracotomy and total cardiopulmonary bypass were performed upon 40 dogs anesthetized with 5% thiopental sodium (Fig 1). Adequate ventilation with oxygen
Useful applications of DNA repair tests for differential diagnosis of atypical dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria from xeroderma pigmentosum
Authors: E. Ohtoshi, Y. Matsumura, C. Nishigori, K-I. Toda, Y. Horiguchi, M. Ikenaga, Y. Miyachi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a hereditary skin disease characterized by the presence of pigmented and hypopigmented macules on the extremities and freckles on the face. However, if clinical features are not fully developed in infantile patients, it is difficult to differentiate DSH from xeroderma pigmentosum by clinical features alone. A 2-year-old boy (patient 1), revealed atypical features of DSH with slight susceptibility to sunburn. However, his grandfather (patient 4) who was 67 years old, revealed typical features of DSH, which helped to make an exact diagnosis in patient 1. For patient 2, a 5-year-old boy, and patient 3, a 3-year-old girl, it was more difficult to make a diagnosis because there were no family members with DSH features. DNA repair ability was tested for all four cases by means of unscheduled DNA synthesis and colony formation of skin fibroblasts after ultraviolet light irradiation, which resulted in an accurate diagnosis of DSH. We propose that these tests be performed to make a diagnosis of DSH in the case of poor or atypical clinical symptoms.
Mary Rosamund Webster (nee Thompson)
Authors: J. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Mary Rosamund Webster grew up in a medical family in Leeds. Her father, Walter Thompson, a founder surgeon at the Leeds General Infirmary, her mother, one of the first women to qualify as a doctor in England. Her brother and two sisters were also medical graduates.

Mary qualified as a doctor at the Royal Free Hospital before the second world …
Potential False-Positive Red Blood Cell Gastrointestinal Bleeding Study Secondary to Osseous Metastasis
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, VINCE CARUANA, HAL N. GINSBERG, MAYANK A. MODY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

The authors present a case of a large osseous metastasis in the right hemipelvis that initially simulated a gastrointestinal bleeding site. Delayed imaging demonstrated a lack of interval change and failure of progression of the scintigraphic abnormality, suggesting an alternative etiology. Radiographs of the pelvis and a superior mesenteric angiogram confirmed the presence of a hypervascular metastasis of the right iliac wing secondary to nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Correlation with radiographs of the abdomen may be helpful for evaluating gastrointestinal bleeding scans with atypical findings.
A dose response study of intravenous diltiazem for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter
Authors: Irvin F. Goldenberg, Robert E. Kleiger, Virgil C. Dias, Dan Fintel, David M. Salerno, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, Richard Grey, Lisa Vaughn, John Schroeder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
The role of the epithelial cell in Escherichia coli induced neutrophil migration into the urinary tract
Authors: WW Agace
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Neutrophil influx to mucosal surfaces represents one of the earliest inflammatory responses to mucosal infection. We have been studying external interactions with urinary tract epithelial cells in an attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms behind this process. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli induced urinary tract epithelial cells to secrete the neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8 secretion was higher in response to isogenic strains expressing type 1 or P fimbriae that adhered to the epithelial surface. Deliberate colonization of the human urinary tract with E. coli induced the local production of IL-8 and levels correlated with urinary neutrophil numbers suggesting a role for IL-8 in neutrophil migration. E. coli induced neutrophil migration across urinary tract epithelial layers in vitro, and this process was blocked with anti-IL-8 antibody. IL-8's activity was localized to the epithelial surface. Furthermore, these cells were shown to constitutively express IL-8 receptor A and B messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), suggesting a possible role for IL-8 on epithelial cell function. E. coli enhanced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on urinary tract epithelial cells, and neutrophil migration across urinary tract epithelial layers in vitro was dependent on epithelial ICAM-1 and neutrophil Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) expression. These results suggest that bacterial/epithelial cell interactions play a key role in the induction of neutrophil migration during mucosal infection, and show the necessity for host-derived chemotactic factors and cell adhesion events in E. coli induced transuroepithelial migration in vitro.
Prostacyclin primes pregnant human myometrium for an enhanced contractile response in parturition
Authors: Kristina M. Fetalvero, Peisheng Zhang, Maureen Shyu, Benjamin T. Young, John Hwa, Roger C. Young, Kathleen A. Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

An incomplete understanding of the molecular events that regulate the myometrial transition from the quiescent pregnant state to the active contractile state during labor has hindered the development of improved therapies for preterm labor. During myometrial activation, proteins that prime the smooth muscle for contraction are upregulated, allowing maximal responsiveness to contractile agonists and thereby producing strong phasic contractions. Upregulation of one such protein, COX-2, generates PGs that induce contractions. Intriguingly, the predominant myometrial PG produced just prior to labor is prostacyclin (PGI2), a smooth muscle relaxant. However, here we have shown that activation of PGI2 receptor (IP) upregulated the expression of several contractile proteins and the gap junction protein connexin 43 through cAMP/PKA signaling in human myometrial tissue in organ and cell culture. Functionally, these IP-dependent changes in gene expression promoted an enhanced contractile response to oxytocin in pregnant human myometrial tissue strips, which was inhibited by the IP antagonist RO3244794. Furthermore, contractile protein induction was dependent on the concentration and time of exposure to the PGI2 analog iloprost and was blocked by both RO3244794 and PKA knockdown. We therefore propose that PGI2-mediated upregulation of contractile proteins and connexin 43 is a critical step in myometrial activation, allowing for a maximal contractile response. Our observations have important implications regarding activation of the myometrium prior to the onset of labor.
Activation of Phosphatidylcholine Cycle Enzymes in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Egidio Iorio, Alessandro Ricci, Marina Bagnoli, Maria Elena Pisanu, Giancarlo Castellano, Massimo Di Vito, Elisa Venturini, Kristine Glunde, Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Delia Mezzanzanica, Silvana Canevari, Franca Podo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Altered phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) could provide choline-based imaging approaches as powerful tools to improve diagnosis and identify new therapeutic targets. The increase in the major choline-containing metabolite phosphocholine (PCho) in EOC compared with normal and nontumoral immortalized counterparts (EONT) may derive from (a) enhanced choline transport and choline kinase (ChoK)-mediated phosphorylation, (b) increased PC-specific phospholipase C (PC-plc) activity, and (c) increased intracellular choline production by PC deacylation plus glycerophosphocholine-phosphodiesterase (GPC-pd) or by phospholipase D (pld)-mediated PC catabolism followed by choline phosphorylation. Biochemical, protein, and mRNA expression analyses showed that the most relevant changes in EOC cells were (a) 12-fold to 25-fold ChoK activation, consistent with higher protein content and increased ChoKalpha (but not ChoKbeta) mRNA expression levels; and (b) 5-fold to 17-fold PC-plc activation, consistent with higher, previously reported, protein expression. PC-plc inhibition by tricyclodecan-9-yl-potassium xanthate (D609) in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cancer cells induced a 30% to 40% reduction of PCho content and blocked cell proliferation. More limited and variable sources of PCho could derive, in some EOC cells, from 2-fold to 4-fold activation of pld or GPC-pd. Phospholipase A2 activity and isoform expression levels were lower or unchanged in EOC compared with EONT cells. Increased ChoKalpha mRNA, as well as ChoK and PC-plc protein expression, were also detected in surgical specimens isolated from patients with EOC. Overall, we showed that the elevated PCho pool detected in EOC cells primarily resulted from upregulation/activation of ChoK and PC-plc involved in PC biosynthesis and degradation, respectively.
Abnormal coronary flow dynamics at rest and during tachycardia associated with impaired left ventricular relaxation in humans: Implication for tachycardia-induced myocardial ischemia
Authors: Tohru Masuyama, Masaaki Uematsu, Yasuji Doi, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Toshiaki Mano, Johji Naito, Hiroya Kondo, Reiko Nagano, Masatsugu Hori, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Leukotriene C4- and D4-induced diffuse peripheral constriction of swine coronary artery accompanied by ST elevation on the electrocardiogram: angiographic analysis.
Authors: H Tomoike, K Egashira, A Yamada, Y Hayashi, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Effects of leukotriene (LT) C4 and LTD4 on coronary artery spasm in atherosclerotic miniature pigs were examined angiographically. Endothelial balloon denudation of the left circumflex coronary artery was performed in 15 Göttingen miniature pigs; 11 were fed a 2% cholesterol diet and four were fed a regular diet for 3 months. Three months after this denudation, the area of the coronary artery was reduced by 94 +/- 2% and 43 +/- 5% (p less than .01) in the denuded and nondenuded areas by the intracoronary administration of 10 micrograms/kg histamine after pretreatment with 60 mg/kg iv cimetidine. The effects of LTC4 and LTD4 on coronary diameter and the preventive effects of FPL-55712, a LTC4 and LTD4-receptor blocker, or diphenhydramine, a histamine H1-receptor blocker, on histamine-induced coronary spasm were then examined angiographically. Administration of LTC4 or LTD4 in doses of 1 and 10 micrograms into the left coronary artery, or selectively into the left circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries in a dose of 5 micrograms, led to the elevations in the ST segment on the electrocardiogram and there was delayed filling of the contrast medium in the peripheral coronary artery. However, these LTs provoked no augmented constrictions at any site on the epicardial coronary arteries (n = 15). Diphenhydramine, 1 mg/kg (n = 6), abolished the histamine-induced coronary spasm FPL-55712, 0.1 mg/kg, with which the LT-induced myocardial ischemia was abolished, did not prevent the histamine-induced coronary artery spasm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
932-86 Importance of Collagen in Myocardial Ischemia and Remodeling of Abnormal Intramural Coronary Arteries (“Small Vessel Disease”) in Young Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Jamshid Shirani, Ruth Pick, Barry J. Maron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Opioid Overdose-Related Deaths
Authors: J. A. Hermos, E. V. Lawler
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Emergency Medical Service Systems Act of 1973
Authors: Michael Eliastam
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reply to the article "The Emergency Medical Service Systems Act of 1973" (230:1139, 1974), I wish to make the following comments. Dr. Harvey's perception of the likely outcome that the passage of the Emergency Medical Systems Act will generate is highly idealistic. I do not believe that the passage of the act will result in proliferation of large numbers of emergency medicine residencies, nor that it will eliminate poorly trained physicians and other health personnel from the emergency medicine field. In addition, I doubt that a nationwide corps of ambulance emergency technicians will develop, nor do I think that the fact that the law forbids the withholding of emergency medical care services from any patient because of inability to pay will result in the poor getting adequate emergency medical care. It is at the moment almost impossible to ascertain exactly how much money authorized under Senator Cranston's
305 PROTEOSOME INHIBITOR ENHANCES ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFICACY OF TLR3-STIMULATING AGENT IN HEPATIC FIBROSIS
Authors: J.I. Yang, J.-H. Yoon, S.J. Myung, D. Kim, H.Y. Kim, B.H. Kim, J.-H. Lee, E.U. Jung, Y.J. Kim, H.-S. Lee, J.S. Lee, Y.J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Birth defects, season of conception, and sex of children born to pesticide applicators living in the Red River Valley of Minnesota, USA.
Authors: Vincent F Garry, Mary E Harkins, Leanna L Erickson, Leslie K Long-Simpson, Seth E Holland, Barbara L Burroughs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We previously demonstrated that the frequency of birth defects among children of residents of the Red River Valley (RRV), Minnesota, USA, was significantly higher than in other major agricultural regions of the state during the years 1989-1991, with children born to male pesticide applicators having the highest risk. The present, smaller cross-sectional study of 695 families and 1,532 children, conducted during 1997-1998, provides a more detailed examination of reproductive health outcomes in farm families ascertained from parent-reported birth defects. In the present study, in the first year of life, the birth defect rate was 31.3 births per 1,000, with 83% of the total reported birth defects confirmed by medical records. Inclusion of children identified with birth or developmental disorders within the first 3 years of life and later led to a rate of 47.0 per 1,000 (72 children from 1,532 live births). Conceptions in spring resulted in significantly more children with birth defects than found in any other season (7.6 vs. 3.7%). Twelve families had more than one child with a birth defect (n = 28 children). Forty-two percent of the children from families with recurrent birth defects were conceived in spring, a significantly higher rate than that for any other season. Three families in the kinships defined contributed a first-degree relative other than a sibling with the same or similar birth defect, consistent with a Mendelian inheritance pattern. The remaining nine families did not follow a Mendelian inheritance pattern. The sex ratio of children with birth defects born to applicator families shows a male predominance (1.75 to 1) across specific pesticide class use and exposure categories exclusive of fungicides. In the fungicide exposure category, normal female births significantly exceed male births (1.25 to 1). Similarly, the proportion of male to female children with birth defects is significantly lower (0.57 to 1; p = 0.02). Adverse neurologic and neurobehavioral developmental effects clustered among the children born to applicators of the fumigant phosphine (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48; confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.1). Use of the herbicide glyphosate yielded an OR of 3.6 (CI, 1.3-9.6) in the neurobehavioral category. Finally, these studies point out that (a) herbicides applied in the spring may be a factor in the birth defects observed and (b) fungicides can be a significant factor in the determination of sex of the children of the families of the RRV. Thus, two distinct classes of pesticides seem to have adverse effects on different reproductive outcomes. Biologically based confirmatory studies are needed.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Direction of Preoperative Shunting Affects Ventricular Mechanics After Tetralogy of Fallot Repair”
Authors: Santos E. Cabreriza, Jason P. Van Batavia, Ralph S. Mosca, Jan M. Quaegebeur, Henry M. Spotnitz, Marc E. Richmond, Joshua P. Kanter, Alan D. Weinberg, T. Alexander Quinn
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Laboratory Data in Clinical Medicine: Units of Measure, Costs, and Quantitative Significance of Results
Authors: Thomas Hale Ham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE potential number and cost of laboratory examinations in clinical medicine are enormous. Accordingly, it is a considerable responsibility for the physician to choose wisely the laboratory procedures that are to be performed. Certain tests have become "routine" because they have proved to give basic information rapidly and inexpensively in the screening of a large number of Systems of the body for detecting the presence of disease. These procedures include the determination of the hematocrit (or hemoglobin), white-cell count and differential white-cell count, analysis of urine, inspection of the stool, examination for occult blood and serologic test for syphilis. As . . .
Management of Pruritis Ani
Authors: J. George Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  In Management of Pruritis Ani ( 194 :184, 1965), Copland gives a brief and highly erudite study of classification and a form of treatment which he finds highly successful.  I appreciate his acceptance of steroids as a treatment of choice in cases which are otherwise intractable. Many patients obtain relief from itching of various parts by administration of steroids, but, for the patients who obtained relief but no cure, a frequent return to steroids could create a new problem.  Not included in his list of treatments are instructions for meticulous cleanliness which especially apply in cases classified as primary, digestive, and rectal.  Maximum cleanliness can be better obtained by the patients as follows: While at stool, using a 3-ounce infant rectal syringe; the patient administers a 2-ounce, very low, tepid, tap-water enema until the return is clear. Gentle washing of the perianal area with soap followed by flushing