tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Authors: Howard W. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Gynecologic disorders in the newborn child and adolescent are sufficiently infrequent that the general obstetrician-gynecologist often needs a ready reference when confronted with a problem in patients of this age. Emans and Goldstein, in the second edition of their book, have provided a handy volume that should serve this purpose well. The book comprises 17 chapters encompassing the necessary basic information about physiology and anatomy, including the common gynecologic disorders such as menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, chronic pelvic pain, vulvovaginitis, and specific pelvic inflammatory disease, as well as ovarian tumors. There are also chapters on the breast, which is quite helpful, especially as an evaluation of the breast becomes very important in determining the cause and necessary procedure in patients in situations where sexual precocity is an issue. As might be expected from a book arising in Boston, there is one chapter on the consequences of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol.
Remuneration for administrative work
Authors: R. A Wood
Journal: BMJ (1983)

tion.Ipratropium bromide is of greater value as a bronchodilator in patients with chronic airflow obstruction than in asthma, though its use has been advocated in acute asthma.2Although there have been few reports of bronchoconstriction in asthma with nebulised ipratropium bromide, it would seem advisable to exert caution if using this treatment in patients with acute asthma.
Improving Diabetes Care in the Primary Health Setting: The Indian Health Service Experience
Authors: Dorothy Gohdes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

To identify key systems issues from the Indian Health Service (IHS) experience that must be addressed to improve metabolic control among patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who were followed in primary care settings.Records of diabetic patients seen in IHS facilities in specific geographic regions from 1987 to 1994.A representative sample of charts from each facility was reviewed yearly to measure key variables. The sampling frame was the number of diabetic patients currently active on the registry and the sample size calculated to measure a 10% change in selected practices at each facility.Regional diabetes coordinators reviewed charts or trained local providers to sample and extract data in a standard format.Regional data were examined to show trends in the performance of immunizations and foot examinations and in other variables such as hypertension and metabolic control. The percentage of diabetic patients who received a single dose of pneumococcal vaccine improved from 24% in 1987 to 1988 to 57% in 1994 (P < 0.01 for trend) among diabetic patients in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Rates of yearly comprehensive foot examination increased from 36% to 58% (P < 0.01 for trend) over the same period. In Montana and Wyoming, the percentage of diabetic patients with uncontrolled hypertension (defined as the mean of three systolic blood pressure measurements of > or = 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure measurements > or = 90 mm Hg, or both, during the previous year) decreased from 36% in 1992 to 25% in 1993 after the regional diabetes coordinator emphasized hypertension control. In 1994, when less emphasis was placed on hypertension, 33% of the diabetic patients had uncontrolled hypertension. Estimates of metabolic control from records of diabetic patients in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho in 1994 showed that 29% of patients had excellent metabolic control (a hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] level < or = 7.5% or mean blood glucose level < or = 9.2 mmol/L) within the past year; only 9% experienced poor control (a HbA1c level > 12% or mean blood glucose level > 18.9 mmol/L).The IHS experience shows that standard, ongoing monitoring of key variables allows facilities to improve diabetes care. Simple, reliable methods of defining metabolic control combined with a feedback system in the primary care setting are needed to improve metabolic control in patients with NIDDM.
Serotonin receptor antagonist inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and prolongs survival in rats
Authors: E Hironaka
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

It has been reported that serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with pulmonary vascular remodeling. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, sarpogrelate hydrochroride, in preventing or reversing monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats.Rats were injected with 40 mg/kg of MCT subcutaneously and randomized to either sarpogrelate (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or placebo for 3 weeks. Animals treated with MCT and survived for 3 weeks were assigned to either sarpogrelate (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or placebo for next 3 weeks. The animals had pressure measurement of the pulmonary artery, and then underwent histologic, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses of the lung tissue. Survival rate was also assessed after treatment.Sarpogrelate immediately following MCT injection suppressed PAH with severe pulmonary vascular remodeling and right-sided heart failure. The survival rate was significantly increased in the sarpogrelate-treated group compared with the placebo group (71% vs. 44%, p<0.05). Intense expression of P-selectin was found on the endothelium of the pulmonary arteries in the placebo group, and it was markedly attenuated in the sarpogrelate-treated group. The numbers of the CD45-positive cells and those of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in the lung tissue were significantly increased in the placebo group, and the increases in these cells were prevented by sarpogrelate. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the lung tissue was markedly decreased in the placebo group, but it was prevented by sarpogrelate (p<0.001). In contrast, late treatment with sarpogrelate failed to reverse established PAH.Specific 5-HT2A receptor blockade with sarpogrelate immediately after MCT inhibited PAH and prolongs survival in rats. These effects were accompanied by anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects in the lung tissue and marked improvement of pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction and activation.
Support of cultured hepatocytes by a laminin-rich gel. Evidence for a functionally significant subendothelial matrix in normal rat liver.
Authors: D M Bissell, D M Arenson, J J Maher, F J Roll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The subendothelial space of normal rat liver contains the constituent proteins of a basal lamina, as judged by immunohistochemical study of tissue sections. However, it is unknown whether these proteins constitute a complex with effects on hepatocellular function. We have examined this question, using normal rat hepatocytes cultured on substrata of matrix proteins as a model of the interaction between cells and basal lamina in vivo. In cultures on a type I collagen substratum, albumin secretion decreased progressively after 2 d. By contrast, when cells were cultured on a laminin-rich gel matrix, albumin secretion was stable for at least 3 wk; other functions and ultrastructural morphology were similarly maintained. None of the individual matrix proteins effectively substituted for the gel matrix, suggesting that full support of hepatocellular function requires a complex of matrix proteins. We speculate that a cause of hepatocellular dysfunction in acute inflammation is disruption of this matrix and alteration of its interaction with the hepatocyte plasma membrane.
Aspirin and Bleeding Time
Authors: Armand J. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is encouraging to note that my observation<sup>1</sup>of 1966 that aspirin increased the bleeding time and my efforts to alert the medical profession to its potential danger, especially in bleeders,<sup>2</sup>are slowly gaining recognition and support. Particularly interesting is the report (<b>213:</b>2049, 1970) on "Studies on the Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Newborn: I. The Effects of Prenatal Aspirin on Newborn Hemostasis." Unfortunately, the adverse effects observed clinically are explained by a unilateral approach based on the uncritical concept that defective hemostasis is primarily brought about by either a platelet or a coagulation defect, and then neglecting to study either adequately. The prothrombin consumption time test was not employed and, yet, without this test, neither coagulation nor platelet dysfunction can be accurately evaluated. The bleeding time, which is one of the few reliable procedures for studying the vascular response in hemostasis
EU takes action over food safety
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The European Commission is planning to recruit nearly 100 extra staff to its consumer health and protection department and is exploring the possibility of financial compensation for the families of victims of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

Both initiatives are a direct response to the public outcry over the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis and a response to political pressure …
Association analysis of the interleukin 17 genes IL17A and IL17F as potential osteoarthritis susceptibility loci
Authors: L Southam
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Primary osteoarthritis (OA) has a major genetic component that is transmitted in a complex, non-mendelian manner. We previously conducted a genome-wide linkage scan on OA affected sibling-pair families and identified several genomic regions potentially harbouring OA risk loci. The strongest evidence was obtained on chromosome 6p12.3–q13, with a multipoint logarithm of the odds score of 4.0.1 This linkage was restricted to the 146 families in our cohort that contained female sibling-pairs concordant for hip OA. A subsequent high density microsatellite linkage scan of the interval provided further strong evidence for linkage as well as evidence of association with several markers, including D6S1956.2 This marker is located less than 200 kb distal of the interleukin 17 (IL17) genes, IL17A and IL17F.

IL17 was originally identified as a product of CD4+ memory T cells, with subsequent studies demonstrating secretion by CD8+ cells.3,4 IL17 is an inducer of several cytokines, …
Breast-gut connection: origin of chenodeoxycholic acid in breast cyst fluid
Authors: N.B. Javitt, K. Budai, U. Raju, M. Levitz, D.G. Miller, A.C. Cahan
Journal: The Lancet (1994)

The notion that a breast-gut connection might modulate the microenvironment of breast tissue was supported by the finding that breast cyst fluid contains bile acids that are characteristically found in the intestines. To establish that the gut, rather than circulating steroid precursors, is the source of bile acids in breast cyst fluid, we gave two patients deuterium-labelled chenodeoxycholic acid (three 200 mg doses by mouth), starting 9 days before aspiration of breast cysts. The chenodeoxycholic acid concentration of seven samples of aspirated cyst fluid ranged from 42 to 94 μmol/L The corresponding plasma concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid on the same day were 0·80 and 2·90 μmol/L, of which the labelled compound comprised 13·0% (0·38 μmol/L) and 28·2% (0·23 μmol/L). The deuterated chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations in cyst fluid were 1·8 and 1·4 μmol/L in two samples from patient 1 and 4·7 μmol/L in patient 2; these values are equivalent to 11-17% of the plasma concentrations. This study shows that intestinal bile acids rapidly gain access to cyst fluid. Further studies should investigate the mechanisms that govern the exchange processes and the maintenance of the high cyst fluid to plasma concentration gradients, and the biological half-lives of individual constituents.
Remodeling in Response to Infection and Injury
Authors: PIERO MAESTRELLI, MARINA SAETTA, CRISTINA E. MAPP, LEONARDO M. FABBRI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<AIRWAY INFILTRATION BY IN...GOBLET CELL HYPERPLASIA, ...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Treatment and outcomes of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease: A single institution study
Authors: Francis K. Buadi, Meyer R. Heyman, Christopher D. Gocke, Aaron P. Rapoport, Roger Hakimian, Stephen T. Bartlett, Clarence Sarkodee‐Adoo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) complicate up to 10% of solid organ transplants. This retrospective study was conducted to review the PTLD experience among 2,300 recipients of solid organ or allogeneic bone marrow transplants from a single institution. Twenty-seven cases of PTLD were identified, leading to an overall incidence of 1.2%. Polymorphic B cell hyperplasia/lymphoma was the most common type. The median time to development of PTLD was 8.4 months. Ten patients had localized (stage I or II) disease, and 12 patients presented with B symptoms. Nine patients each were treated with systemic chemotherapy or surgical resection as part of the initial therapy. After a median follow-up duration of 2.6 years, the median survival has not been reached. There were no late relapses of PTLD, and 17 patients remain alive. Age, sex, organ source, LDH, stage, presence of extranodal disease, or presentation with B symptoms did not influence overall survival when examined by Cox proportional hazard model. Thirteen patients retained their graft function throughout PTLD treatment. This study confirms the ability to treat a significant proportion of PTLD patients with chemotherapy or surgical resection (depending on presentation), without sacrificing graft function in those receiving chemotherapy.
THE RELATION OF VITAMIN E TO IRON ASSIMILATION
Authors: NINA SIMMONDS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In 1922-1923, Evans and Bishop1reported a remarkable series of experiments relating to the failure of rats to give birth to young when fed a diet composed of casein, 18 Gm.; corn starch, 54 Gm.; butter fat, 9 Gm.; salts (185), 4 Gm.; lard, 15 Gm., and dry yeast, from 0.4 to 0.6 Gm. daily.  A detailed study of these females revealed the fact that they became pregnant, but invariably resorption of the young resulted. The males were not confined to this experimental diet, but were fed a satisfactory ration. Evans later reported that their experimental diet induced sterility in male rats.2They demonstrated the remarkable effectiveness of wheat germ oil, among other things, in preventing the death and resorption of the young. It also protects the males against degeneration of the germinal epithelium. Through appropriate experiments, they eliminated the lack of vitamins A, B, C and D
Patterns of basal cell keratin 14 expression in Bowen's disease: a possible marker for tumour progression
Authors: M. Komine, M. Okinaga, F. Takeda, K. Nashiro, K. Kikuchi, T. Murakami, Y. Soma, K. Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Patterns of basal cell keratin 14 expression in Bowen's disease: a possible marker for tumour progression Get access M. Komine, M. Komine Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Okinaga, M. Okinaga Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Takeda, F. Takeda Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Nashiro, K. Nashiro Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Kikuchi, K. Kikuchi Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Murakami, T. Murakami Pathology, University of Tokyo Branch Hospital, 3‐28‐6 Mejirodai, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 112‐8688, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Soma, Y. Soma Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Tamaki K. Tamaki Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8655, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 2, 1 August 2001, Pages 223–228, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04338.x Published: 01 August 2001
Reinnervation of the Transplanted Heart — Why Is It Important?
Authors: Sharon Hunt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The ability of the heart to respond to the demands of exercise through an increase in output is a complex physiologic process that involves intrinsic properties of heart muscle as well as the regulatory function of the autonomic nervous system. With the circulatory system intact, it is difficult to determine the part that each of these properties plays in the normal physiologic response to exercise. The occurrence of complete surgical denervation of the heart after transplantation has offered the opportunity to observe the physiology of the intrinsic adaptive mechanisms of the heart when they are unaffected by the autonomic nervous . . .
Outcome of breech delivery at term
Authors: A. Beeby
Journal: BMJ (1992)

psychological and physical consequences of abdominal delivery other than those directly affect- ing subsequent pregnancies are often overlooked.From a review of the literature Bingham and Lilford concluded that planned abdominal delivery of fetuses presenting by the breech at term might be a safer option for the mother even if only 17% of trials of vaginal breech delivery were unsuccessful.'However, the authors used estimates of maternal mortality and morbidity, and postpartum hysterectomy was the only measure of serious postpartum morbidity.Long term morbidity after discharge from hospital was not addressed.Feldman and Freiman, using a mathematical analysis of American data (Commission on Profes- sional and Hospital Activities 1974 and 1978), calculated that routine elective caesarean section might be safer when the incidence of failed trial of labour was greater than 26%./.They also concluded that the excess maternal mortality resulting from a complete shift of all women in labour to prophy- lactic caesarean section would be 1 in 18000.No measure of morbidity was included in this analysis, and the authors concluded that extrapolating retro- spectively accumulated data to projections in hypothetical new approaches could lead to un- reliable conclusions.Unfortunately, Thorpe-Beeston and colleagues have not told us why the nine "normal" term infants died; possibly, breech presentation was undiagnosed, the mothers presented in advanced labour, or there was cord prolapse.Such accidents would occur even if a policy of wholesale caesarean section was introduced.Certainly, delivery in breech presentations at term should be made safer, but before a shift away from vaginal breech delivery is advocated the impact this would almost certainly have on both morbidity and mortality for the delivering mother must be addressed.
Narcotic addiction in Britain and America: the impact of public policy.
Authors: Harris Isbell
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The theme of this book is that the lower incidence of opiate addiction in Great Britain as compared with that in the United States is due principally to the difference in the narcotic regulations. In the US the federal regulations prohibit giving drugs to an addict for the maintenance of addiction, whereas the British regulations permit giving drugs if it has been shown that the addict can lead a useful and productive life with the drug but is unable to do so without.  Most of the book consists of a review of the literature, which unfortunately is biased. The author obviously selects material which supports his case and gives scant attention to material unfavorable to it.  The only new data in the book consist of case reports on seven British addicts, a compendium of retrospective information gathered from 13 British specialists concerning addicts they have treated and a report on
Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Fungal Keratitis in the United States, 2001–2007: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lisa J. Keay, Emily W. Gower, Alfonso Iovieno, Rafael A. Oechsler, Eduardo C. Alfonso, Alice Matoba, Kathryn Colby, Sonal S. Tuli, Kristin Hammersmith, Dwight Cavanagh, Salena M. Lee, John Irvine, R. Doyle Stulting, Thomas F. Mauger, Oliver D. Schein
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
T and B Lymphocytes: Striking Differences in Surface Membranes
Authors: J. N. Mehrishi, K. Zeiller
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Lymphocytes can be separated by electrophoresis into cells of high and of low electrophoretic mobility. Cells of high mobility are T cells and those of low mobility are B cells, with distinct immunological functions. Biophysical and biochemical studies on physically isolated and immunologically defined T and B cells in CBA mice showed striking differences in the chemical composition of the surface membranes.
Cardiac Motion in Patients with Pericardial Effusion
Authors: HARVEY FEIGENBAUM, ADIB ZAKY, LARRY L. GRABHORN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Diagnostic ultrasound was used to record the movement of the anterior and posterior heart walls in 23 patients with proven pericardial effusion. Fifteen of these patients demonstrated heart-wall motion that could not be distinguished from the normal pattern. Two patients with acute cardiac tamponade exhibited markedly reduced cardiac motion. The ultrasoundcardiograms obtained from the remaining six patients indicated posterior displacement of the entire heart during systole. The extent of this cardiac displacement varied. Five of the six patients with excessive cardiac motion had malignant pericardial effusion, and four of the six had clinical evidence of cardiac tamponade. The two patients with the most marked excursions exhibited electrical alternation. The results of this study substantiate the theory that excessive cardiac motion may occur in some patients with pericardial effusion. Objective evidence is also provided in support of the positional etiology of electrical alternation associated with pericardial effusion. An attempt is made to identify some of the factors responsible for the observed abnormal cardiac motion, and some speculation is offered as to what role rotation might play in the cardiac displacement. This study also serves as an example of the type of cardiovascular investigation that can be performed with diagnostic ultrasound.