tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nicotine Gum in General Practice-Reply
Authors: Stephen P. Fortmann
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Hughes oversimplifies the research on nicotine replacement in smoking cessation in his letter comparing his study<sup>1</sup>with ours.<sup>2,3</sup>Two factors are critical to the effectiveness of nicotine replacement: an adequate dose (compliance) and concomitant psychological intervention. Dr Hughes did not report compliance to nicotine gum in his study; our structured, 8-week, self-administered psychological program was not "brief physician advice." Comparing these two studies is therefore difficult, but we will comment on some of Dr Hughes' conclusions. While analyses of our full study did not show main effects at 12-month follow-up, they did confirm the finding published in<i>JAMA</i><sup>2</sup>that the combination of that program and nicotine replacement was effective at 6 months. We also found a nicotine gum effect at 12 months among men but not women. While this sex difference was a post hoc finding, Dr Hughes may be too hasty in dismissing
Masked Depressions in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Hans Molinski
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

The development of psychosomatic symptoms should not be viewed exclusively under the aspect of anxiety or defense against anxiety. In another study, we have shown that affects other than anxiety can lead to functional obstetric disturbances (2). The insight that depressions, above all masked depressions can be the basis of many psychosomatic symptoms in obstetrics and gynecology paves the way for good therapeutic possibilities in many cases that have been resistant to therapy heretofore. Antidepressants often bring prompt relief from symptoms. Psychotherapy is possible in numerous cases following success in prescribing antidepressants.
SUPERIOR BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION WITHA ALISKIREN IN PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION IN DAILY PRACTICE RESULTS OF THE 3A REGISTRY
Authors: Uwe Zeymer, Ralf Dechend, Sven Klebs, Evelin Deeg, Jochen Senges, Roland Schmieder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Atopic subjects—washing effects
Authors: Katharine Dalziel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Atopic subjects—washing effects Get access Katharine Dalziel Katharine Dalziel Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Headington, Oxford 0X37JH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 5, 1 November 1987, Page 671, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb07509.x Published: 01 November 1987
Older Age Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Stage I, Favorable Histology Wilms’ Tumor Treated With Vincristine Monochemotherapy: A Study by the United Kingdom Children’s Cancer Study Group, Wilm’s Tumor Working Group
Authors: K. Pritchard-Jones, A. Kelsey, G. Vujanic, J. Imeson, C. Hutton, C. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To identify clinical prognostic factors in children with stage I, favorable histology (FH) Wilms’ tumor treated with vincristine monochemotherapy after immediate nephrectomy to define subgroups for consideration of further reduction in treatment intensity. Patients and Methods: During two consecutive trials of the United Kingdom Children’s Cancer Study Group (UKW2 and UKW3, 1986 to 2001), 242 children with stage I FH Wilms’ tumor were treated with immediate nephrectomy followed by 10 weekly injections of vincristine 1.5 mg/m 2 . Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared by age group. Results: The 4-year EFS rate was 93.2%, 87.2%, and 71.3% for children less than 2 years old, 2 to 4 years old, and 4 years old or older at diagnosis, respectively (log-rank, P = .001); the corresponding 4-year OS rate was 98.1%, 95.0%, and 87.2% (log-rank, P = .01). There were no toxicity- or procedure-related deaths. In multivariate analysis, specimen weight was not of independent prognostic value (P = .66). Among the 186 children younger than 4 years at diagnosis, there were 17 relapses and five deaths, compared with 16 relapses and eight deaths among the 56 children at least 4 years old at diagnosis. OS after relapse was surprisingly poor (61.6% at 4 years). Conclusion: Treatment for stage I FH Wilms’ tumor is generally successful using vincristine monotherapy after immediate nephrectomy, and therefore, the risks of dactinomycin hepatopathy can be avoided. However, age at least 4 years is a significant adverse prognostic factor. This treatment schedule should be considered in any trial of treatment reduction in very young children with stage I FH Wilms’ tumor, regardless of tumor size, and we suggest that the upper age limit for the reduced therapy be set at 4 years.
Practice of preoperative assessment by anaesthetists.
Authors: J Curran, A T Chmielewski, J B White, A M Jennings
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The practice of preoperative assessment in 24 departments of anaesthesia in Great Britain and Ireland was surveyed. Most departments had no rigid policies governing assessment, and many served several hospitals. There was little evidence that admission procedures of patients scheduled for surgery or the organisation of operating lists took account of the problems encountered by anaesthetists undertaking preoperative assessment. From the participating departments 415 anaesthetists completed a questionnaire of their individual practice. Most (57%) visited at least 80% of their patients preoperatively, but 22% saw less than 50% of patients. The detection of potential anaesthetic problems and the establishment of rapport with patients were highly rated reasons for conducting such visits. Failure to visit was often related to organisational defects within the hospital service, and anaesthetists saw little prospect of improving these defects. The demands created by the needs of preoperative assessment on the one hand, and the need for a rapid turnover of surgical patients and financial stringency on the other, conflict, and this conflict is not easily reconciled.
Twelve NHS trusts have "worryingly high" mortality rates, report says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The stark variation in death rates at NHS hospitals has been laid bare by a new analysis that reports “worryingly high” mortality figures at a dozen trusts across England.

Dr Foster Intelligence’s hospital guide 2012, which assessed 145 trusts in England against four key mortality measures, praised five trusts for their low death rates but warned that others were performing below expectations.

The measures used were the hospital standardised mortality ratio, which measures deaths in hospital; the summary hospital level mortality indicator, which measures in-hospital mortality and deaths outside hospital within 30 days of discharge; deaths after surgery …
Lowering cholesterol concentrations and mortality: a quantitative review of primary prevention trials.
Authors: M F Muldoon, S B Manuck, K A Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effects of lowering cholesterol concentrations on total and cause specific mortality in randomised primary prevention trials. DESIGN--Qualitative (meta-analytic) evaluation of total mortality from coronary heart disease, cancer, and causes not related to illness in six primary prevention trials of cholesterol reduction (mean duration of treatment 4.8 years). PATIENTS--24,847 Male participants; mean age 47.5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Total and cause specific mortalities. RESULTS--Follow up periods totalled 119,000 person years, during which 1147 deaths occurred. Mortality from coronary heart disease tended to be lower in men receiving interventions to reduce cholesterol concentrations compared with mortality in control subjects (p = 0.06), although total mortality was not affected by treatment. No consistent relation was found between reduction of cholesterol concentrations and mortality from cancer, but there was a significant increase in deaths not related to illness (deaths from accidents, suicide, or violence) in groups receiving treatment to lower cholesterol concentrations relative to controls (p = 0.004). When drug trials were analysed separately the treatment was found to reduce mortality from coronary heart disease significantly (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS--The association between reduction of cholesterol concentrations and deaths not related to illness warrants further investigation. Additionally, the failure of cholesterol lowering to affect overall survival justifies a more cautious appraisal of the probable benefits of reducing cholesterol concentrations in the general population.
Relation Between Platelet Response to Exercise and Coronary Angiographic Findings in Patients With Effort Angina
Authors: Gaetano Antonio Lanza, Alfonso Sestito, Sonia Iacovella, Laura Morlacchi, Enrico Romagnoli, Giovanni Schiavoni, Filippo Crea, Attilio Maseri, Felicita Andreotti
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Platelet reactivity is increased by exercise in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) but not in patients with syndrome X. In this study, we prospectively investigated whether the platelet response to exercise might help distinguish, among patients with angina, those with obstructive CAD from those with normal coronary arteries (NCAs). Methods and Results— Venous blood samples were collected before and 5 minutes after exercise from 194 consecutive patients with stable angina. Platelet reactivity was measured by the platelet function analyzer (PFA)-100 system as the time for flowing whole blood to occlude a collagen-adenosine diphosphate ring (closure time). Coronary angiography showed CAD in 163 patients (84%) and NCA in 31 patients (16%). Baseline closure time was shorter in NCA patients (78.0±16 versus 95.5±23 seconds, P &lt;0.0001). With exercise, closure time decreased in CAD patients (−15.5 seconds; 95% confidence limits [CL], −13.0 to −18.0 seconds; P &lt;0.0001), but increased in NCA patients (12.5 seconds; 95% CL, 7.4 to 17.7 seconds; P =0.0004). An increase in closure time with exercise ≥10 seconds had 100% specificity and positive predictive value for NCAs. Similarly, a decrease ≥10 seconds had 100% specificity and positive predictive value for CAD. A closure time change (increase or decrease) ≥10 seconds allowed a correct classification of 55% of all patients. Conclusions— Among patients with stable angina, the response of platelet reactivity to exercise was predictive of normal or stenosed coronary arteries at angiography. Specifically, an increase in closure time with exercise ≥10 seconds was invariably associated with the presence of NCA.
TCR V β Families in T Cell Clones from Sarcoid Lung Parenchyma, BAL, and Blood
Authors: GERNOT ZISSEL, IRINA BÄUMER, BERNHARD FLEISCHER, MAX SCHLAAK, JOACHIM MÜLLER-QUERNHEIM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The TCR repertoire and the CD4/CD8 ratio of clones from peripheral blood (PB), transbronchial biopsies (TBB), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 16 sarcoid patients was analyzed by staining the clones with monoclonal antibodies against nine V β -families. We observed a striking increase in the CD4/ CD8 ratio of the clones from BAL; whereas the CD4/CD8 ratio of the clones from PB was in the normal range. The CD4/CD8 ratio of the TBB-clones had also increased, but this increase did not reach the level of that of the BAL clones. The most prominent changes in the V β percentages could be detected in the CD4+ subpopulation of the BAL-clones. The most abundant V β families were V β 5 in PB and BAL (11.8 and 28.6%, respectively) and V β 6 in the TBB (12.4%). A similar compartmentalized V β usage could be demonstrated in one patient with tuberculosis and one patient with HP. The increase in V β 5, V β 8, V β 12, V β 13.3, and V β 19 in the BAL and the increase of V β 5, V β 6, V β 13.3, and V β 19 in the TBB suggest an antigen-driven activation of the T cells in both compartments. Differences in the V β percentages between BAL and TBB and the lower CD4/CD8 ratio in the TBB, however, demonstrate a relative independence of the two compartments.
Low-dose Aspirin Desensitization in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: F.L. Chia, B.Y. Thong, K.P. Leong, J.W. Tan, G. Chan, T.C. Tan, S.C. Tan, C.Y. Tang, J.F. Hou, H.H. Chng
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Long-term results and risk factor analysis for recurrence after curative endoscopic therapy in 349 patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and mucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: O Pech, A Behrens, A May, L Nachbar, L Gossner, T Rabenstein, H Manner, E Guenter, J Huijsmans, M Vieth, M Stolte, C Ell
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Endoscopic therapy is increasingly being used in the treatment of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) and mucosal adenocarcinoma (BC) in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus. This report provides 5 year follow-up data from a large prospective study investigating the efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatment in these patients and analysing risk factors for recurrence. <h3>Design:</h3> Prospective case series. <h3>Setting:</h3> Academic tertiary care centre. <h3>Patients:</h3> Between October 1996 and September 2002, 61 patients with HGIN and 288 with BC were included (173 with short-segment and 176 with long-segment Barrett’s oesophagus) from a total of 486 patients presenting with Barrett’s neoplasia. Patients with submucosal or more advanced cancer were excluded. <h3>Interventions:</h3> Endoscopic therapy. <h3>Main outcome measures:</h3> Rate of complete remission and recurrence rate, tumour-associated death. <h3>Results:</h3> Endoscopic resection was performed in 279 patients, photodynamic therapy in 55, and both procedures in 13; two patients received argon plasma coagulation. The mean follow-up period was 63.6 (SD 23.1) months. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 337 patients (96.6%); surgery was necessary in 13 (3.7%) after endoscopic therapy failed. Metachronous lesions developed during the follow-up in 74 patients (21.5%); 56 died of concomitant disease, but none died of BC. The calculated 5 year survival rate was 84%. The risk factors most frequently associated with recurrence were piecemeal resection, long-segment Barrett’s oesophagus, no ablative therapy of Barrett’s oesophagus after CR, time until CR achieved &gt;10 months and multifocal neoplasia. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This study showed that endoscopic therapy was highly effective and safe, with an excellent long-term survival rate. The risk factors identified may help stratify patients who are at risk for recurrence and those requiring more intensified follow-up.
Effect of Different Dietary Fats on Blood Coagulation, Platelet Economy, and Blood Lipids
Authors: J. F. Mustard, E. A. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1962)

The weight of the evidence from many studies indicates that blood-clotting as measured by in vitro tests is accelerated during alimentary lipaemia (O'Brien, 1957; Mustard, 1961).O'Brien (1958), however, has empha- sized the need for caution in concluding from such results that there are corresponding changes in vivo.Measurement of platelet survival and turnover allows some estimate of in vivo clotting (Murphy and Mustard, 1961).We have therefore studied blood coagulation, platelet survival and turnover, and blood lipids in a group of seven patients maintained successively on each of three rigidly controlled diets for a period of four or more weeks each.l
Patients with chest pain in accident and emergency departments.
Authors: S C Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

TABLE Iv-British regional heart study.Characteristics at screening of men in different categories ofmilk intake Level of activity Recall doctors' diagnosis Drinking Current Serum total Systolic blood Age Manual smokers Obese* cholesterol pressure Inactive Vigorous Ischaemic heart Diabetes Non-drinkers Heavy drinkers M1ilk intake (years) workers (%) 1-8 7 5*Body mass index ¢28-0 kg/m-.TABLE v-British regional heart study.Fat spread usually used and major ischaemic heart disease events over 9-5 years offollow up No (%) with Relative risk (95% confidence interval) Fat spread No of men ischaemic heart disease of heart attack* None 136 11(8-1) 0-57(0-22to 1-46) NMargarine only 2735 247 (9 0) 1 00 Margarine and butter 1038 66 (6-4) 0-76 (055 to 1-04) Butter only 3808 283 (7-4) 0-87 (0-79 to 1-06) *After exclusion of men with recall of doctor's diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease at screening; adjusted for age, social class, cigarette smoking, and blood cholesterol concentration.
Angiotensin-Receptor Blockade versus Converting–Enzyme Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy
Authors: Anthony H. Barnett, Stephen C. Bain, Paul Bouter, Bengt Karlberg, Sten Madsbad, Jak Jervell, Jukka Mustonen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Few studies have directly compared the renoprotective effects of angiotensin II-receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in persons with type 2 diabetes.In this prospective, multicenter, double-blind, five-year study, we randomly assigned 250 subjects with type 2 diabetes and early nephropathy to receive either the angiotensin II-receptor blocker telmisartan (80 mg daily, in 120 subjects) or the ACE inhibitor enalapril (20 mg daily, in 130 subjects). The primary end point was the change in the glomerular filtration rate (determined by measuring the plasma clearance of iohexol) between the baseline value and the last available value during the five-year treatment period. Secondary end points included the annual changes in the glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine level, urinary albumin excretion, and blood pressure; the rates of end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular events; and the rate of death from all causes.After five years, the change in the glomerular filtration rate was -17.5 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 (where the minus sign denotes a decrement) in the telmisartan-treated subjects, as compared with -15.0 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 in the enalapril-treated subjects; the treatment difference was thus -2.6 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 (95 percent confidence interval, -7.1 to 2.0 ml per minute per 1.73 m2)[corrected] The lower boundary of the confidence interval, in favor of enalapril, was greater than the predefined margin of -10.0 ml per minute per 1.73 m2, indicating that telmisartan was not inferior to enalapril. The effects of the two agents on the secondary end points were not significantly different after five years.Telmisartan is not inferior to enalapril in providing long-term renoprotection in persons with type 2 diabetes. These findings do not necessarily apply to persons with more advanced nephropathy, but they support the clinical equivalence of angiotensin II-receptor blockers and ACE inhibitors in persons with conditions that place them at high risk for cardiovascular events.
Clinical efficacy of 300IR 5-grass pollen sublingual tablet in a US study: The importance of allergen-specific serum IgE
Authors: Linda S. Cox, Thomas B. Casale, Anjuli S. Nayak, David I. Bernstein, Peter S. Creticos, Laurence Ambroisine, Michel Melac, Robert K. Zeldin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
EGFR Activation and Signaling in Cancer Cells Are Enhanced by the Membrane-Bound Metalloprotease MT4-MMP
Authors: Alexandra Paye, Alice Truong, Cassandre Yip, Jonathan Cimino, Silvia Blacher, Carine Munaut, Didier Cataldo, Jean Michel Foidart, Erik Maquoi, Joelle Collignon, Philippe Delvenne, Guy Jerusalem, Agnès Noel, Nor Eddine Sounni
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

MT4-MMP (MMP-17) is a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored matrix metalloprotease expressed on the surface of cancer cells that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In this report, we identify MT4-MMP as an important driver of cancer cell proliferation through CDK4 activation and retinoblastoma protein inactivation. We also determine a functional link between MT4-MMP and the growth factor receptor EGFR. Mechanistic experiments revealed direct association of MT4-MMP and its positive effects on EGFR phosphorylation in response to TGFα and EGF in cancer cells. Notably, the effects of MT4-MMP on proliferation and EGFR activation did not rely on metalloprotease activity. Clinically, MT4-MMP and EGFR expressions were correlated in human triple-negative breast cancer specimens. Altogether, our results identify MT4-MMP as a positive modifier of EGFR outside-in signaling that acts to cooperatively drive cancer cell proliferation.
Platelet aggregation in partially obstructed vessels and its elimination with aspirin.
Authors: J D Folts, E B Crowell, G G Rowe
Journal: Circulation (1976)

In 35 open chest anesthetized dogs coronary and aortic blood flow were measured with electromagnetic flowmeters while aortic and distal coronary blood pressure and an epicardial ECG were recorded. A fixed amount of stenosis (60-80%) was produced in the coronary artery by an externally applied plastic cylinder. In 24 of the 35 dogs the coronary blood flow showed cyclical reductions to near zero, with a sudden spontaneous return to near control levels. During reduced flow the epicardial ECG showed ST-segment depression suggestive of ischemia, and ventricular premature beats were often noted. Six animals died acutely during episodes of reduced flow. After 35 mg/kg of aspirin were given intravenously the cyclical reductions in coronary blood flow were abolished and the in vitro platelet aggregations were reduced from a control of 62.1 +/- 15 units (Born technique) to an average of 23.7 +/- 12 units. Histologic sections of the narrowed coronary artery obtained when coronary flow was reduced show an amorphous mass in the lumen which was thought to be a platelet aggregate. Perhaps a similar process of platelet aggregation occurs in the stenosed coronary arteries in man, producing acute coronary obstruction, ischemia, and sudden death.
Public Health Today and Tomorrow in Massachusetts
Authors: V. A. Getting
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

PUBLIC health is primarily the responsibility of state and local governments. This responsibility, however, must be shared by the medical profession and hospitals if the benefits from recent advances in the medical sciences are to be extended to all the people. For over seventy-five years the Massachusetts Department of Public Health has been serving the people of the Commonwealth in an effort to prevent disease, prolong life and promote optimal health. Almost a hundred years ago Lemuel Shattuck, alarmed at the unusually high death rate among those in the prime of life in the Commonwealth, conducted a sanitary survey. Shocked . . .
Vital Statistics in Indiana.
Authors: Brose S. Horne
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Bluffton,Ind., Nov. 14, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I see by theJournalof November 4, under "Vital Statistics in Indiana" (p. 1173), that it is claimed the physicians of this state are fighting the Board of Health. Such a charge is unjust, and there is not a word of truth in it, but, on the contrary, the law passed in this state is considered by the physicians as being one of the best, if not the best, in the United States to-day. It is also claimed there are "elaborate blanks of births and deaths to fill out and this is made obligatory." This is not true; the "death blank" is filled out by the people where the death occurs, and it places all the work on the undertaker and not on the physician. As for births, etc., there is a very simple blank and just the same as has