tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PHYSICAL FITNESS AND FLYING
Authors: A. Koch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

“Fitness” is a word wellknown in the countries of the English language, especially in U.S.A. In Europe we used and use more for the same conception, words like “die Kondition, die Eignung, die Tauglichkeit, die Form” (Germany) or “la condition, la performance, le rendement” (France) or “la forma” (Italy, Spain). Problems of the performance or fitness belong to the sport science as long as we have the modern Olympic Games. Here will be used the word “fitness”. What are we imagining if we are talking about fitness? The definition of “fitness” is very different, there are many. For example: “Fitness is a state which characterizes the degree to which the organism is able to function” (LARSON). Which are the components of the fitness? Fitness has many spectrums. It means aptitude for a certain task, for a job, for a game, for a profession? What does physical fitness mean? How can we measure fitness? Which are the factors that impair, which are the factors which improve fitness? These are the questions discussed in which are included as well the basic idea of the special point of view in relation to flying personnel.
Abstract 1061A: Role of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPH1 in breast cancer
Authors: Huiying Zhi, Song-wang Hou, Rong-shan Li, Zainab Basir, Joellen Welsh, Guan Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tyrosine phosphorylation, which is controlled by the balanced action of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), regulates critical cellular processes including proliferation and malignant transformation. While PTKs have a well-established role in breast cancer, the contribution of PTPs remains mostly unknown. Our recent studies demonstrated that the PTPH1 tyrosine phosphatase promotes K-Ras-dependent colon cancer growth through binding and dephosphorylating p38γ MAPK, and here we showed that PTPH1 increases breast cancer growth through the nuclear receptor VDR (vitamin D receptor). PTPH1 was shown to be over-expressed in about 50% of primary breast tumors and importantly its expression levels are significantly higher in HER-2 positive breast cancers. PTPH-forced expression increases breast cancer growth independent of its phosphatase activity and its oncogenic activity was further established by a growth inhibitory response through shRNA-mediated PTPH1 depletion. Mechanistically, PTPH1 was found to specifically induce the nuclear receptor VDR but not ER or PR expression and inhibition of endogenous VDR expression by shRNA or the genetic knockout completely blocks PTPH1-induced growth stimulation, which couples with an altered intracellular VDR localization. These results reveal a promoting role of a novel tyrosine phosphtase PTPH1 in breast cancer growth through signaling cross-talk with VDR, which may be a new target for breast cancer control. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1061A.
Handbook of Geriatric Emergency Care
Authors: ISADORE ROSSMAN
Journal: JAMA (1985)

As is noted in the introductory material of this book, the elderly are disproportionate utilizers of the emergency department. One can thus anticipate great need on the part of the emergency physician for guidance with geriatric emergency care. This oversized paperbound book presents, in addition to introductory material, a longish section on "Emergency Medical Disorders" and sections on "Psychiatric Emergencies" and "Nursing and Long Term Care Management." For some of the urban elderly the emergency department often functions as a locus for primary care. Because of its attempt to cover both primary and emergency care, this volume certainly goes beyond one's first anticipations, and thus some of the topics included seemed rather borderline. "Emergency Medical Disorders" covers not only the usual cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal emergencies but also rather peripheral topics such as foot problems and urinary incontinence. Even dermatologic disorders such as dry skin and pruritus are among the
Uses and Limitations of Stress Testing in the Evaluation of Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: DAVID R. REDWOOD, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The results of stress testing in patients being assessed for coronary artery disease have led to conflicting claims and conclusions. It seems reasonably clear that stress testing is of considerable predictive value in epidemiologic studies; i.e., patients manifesting or developing a positive exercise test have a much higher probability of subsequently experiencing coronary events (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or coronary death) than those individuals with normal stress tests. Moreover, the risk seems to be related to the degree of S-T segment depression. In contrast, despite earlier claims regarding the diagnostic accuracy with which single-load stress tests could predict the presence or absence of ischemic heart disease in individual patients, studies correlating the results of testing with the degree and extent of angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease have not consistently shown either acceptable sensitivity or specificity. Although on theoretic grounds it would be anticipated that multistage stress tests would be superior to single-stage protocols, this has not been borne out in the few published studies in which the results are correlated with angiography. Thus, the available evidence suggests that there remain appreciable numbers of patients with documented coronary artery disease in whom no ECG abnormalities are detected despite relatively intense levels of exercise, and an appreciable number of patients with abnormal ECG responses but normal coronary arteries. Stresses other than exercise have been and are being utilized in the evaluation of patients with chest pain; however, no single test as yet offers the desired specificity and sensitivity. We conclude that, in patients with typical angina pectoris or with chest pain which clearly does not resemble angina pectoris, stress testing appears to be superfluous since it provides little additional information beyond that which may be obtained from the patient's history. It is in those patients presenting with atypical anginal syndromes that a reliable noninvasive test would be of great value. Currently available technics are neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific to satisfactorily aid in solving this problem.
THE MUNICIPAL REGULATION OF MILK-SUPPLY
Authors: EDWIN O. JORDAN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

This paper is not concerned with the advisability of regulating the production, transportation, handling, and distribution of milk. I take it for granted that there is general agreement that the milk-supply should be subject to official supervision and regulation, just as any other matter affecting the health interests of a considerable number of citizens. On the other hand, the character of the milk ordinances and rules in force in this country at present, the relation of state to municipal control, and especially the particular methods that experience seems to indicate as most effective are questions that it may be profitable to consider. A few facts may first be presented bearing on conditions in the United States to-day. The data were obtained from answers to a set of questions sent out from the office of the American Medical Association to the health officers of all municipalities with over 25,000 population. The questions were not intended to cover all possible or desirable phases of milk regulation, but to elicit information on
Hygiene standards in German hospitals are questioned after babies' deaths
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The deaths of three babies after apparently being infected from intravenous drip infusions at the University of Mainz Medical Centre in Germany has sparked a debate among politicians and doctors over hygiene standards at German hospitals.

On 20 August 11 premature or seriously ill babies being treated in the hospital’s intensive care unit received the contaminated infusions, the university said. Two babies with congenital heart defects died the next day, and a third baby, born prematurely, died on 23 August. Four other babies also became seriously ill from the infusions, but their conditions had improved significantly by 27 August. It is not yet clear how the drips became contaminated.

Norbert Pfeiffer, head of …
Cardiac Output and Central Distribution of Blood Flow in the Human Fetus
Authors: Gunther Mielke, Norbert Benda
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The objectives of this study were to establish reference ranges for left and right cardiac output and to investigate blood flow distribution through the foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary bed in human fetuses.A prospective study was performed in 222 normal fetuses from 13 to 41 weeks of gestation with high-resolution color Doppler ultrasound. Cardiac output and ductal flow were calculated by use of vessel diameter and the time-velocity integral. Pulmonary blood flow was expressed as the difference between right cardiac output and ductal flow. Foramen ovale flow was estimated as the difference between pulmonary flow and left cardiac output. Gestational age-specific reference ranges are given for left, right, and biventricular output and volume of ductal blood flow, showing an exponential increase with gestational age. Median ratio of right to left cardiac output was 1.42 and was not associated with gestational age. Right cardiac output was 59% and left cardiac output was 41% of biventricular cardiac output. Median biventricular cardiac output was estimated to be 425 mL. min(-1). kg(-1) fetal weight. Ductal blood flow was 46%, estimated pulmonary flow was 11%, and estimated foramen ovale flow was 33% of biventricular output.The study establishes reference ranges for fetal cardiac output and offers insights into the central blood flow distribution in human fetuses from 13 weeks to term. There is a clear right heart dominance. The estimated ratio of pulmonary blood flow to cardiac output is higher than in fetal lamb studies.
Effects of Mixing Short- and Intermediate-Acting Insulins on Absorption Course and Biologic Effect of Short-Acting Preparation
Authors: G Forlani, G Santacroce, A Ciavarella, M Capelli, L Mattioli, P Vannini
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

The effects of mixing short- and intermediate-acting insulins (Actrapid MC and Monotard MC) were studied in seven diabetic patients. On different days, 0.16 IU/kg of Actrapid and 0.24 IU/kg of Monotard were administered to each subject in separate injections and combined in the same syringe. Free-insulin curves and the biologic effect of insulin, assessed by the glucose-clamp technique, were compared. The absorption rate of regular insulin was higher when injected separately from the intermediate-acting preparation: the incremental areas of free insulin above basal levels, up to 90 min after the administration of the hormone, were 32 +/- 5 vs. 21 +/- 3 microU X ml-1 X min-1 (P less than .02). In the same period, glucose infused to sustain glycemia showed no significant differences (2.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.3 mg X kg-1 X min-1 after the administration of insulin in separate and combined injection, respectively). The difference in insulin profiles is not translated into a significant difference in glucose requirement. This might be a consequence of a flattening of the insulin dose-response curve due to insulin resistance of diabetic subjects. The slight delay in insulin action of Actrapid when mixed with Monotard is probably irrelevant in clinical practice.
A fork in the road of cell differentiation in the kidney tubule
Authors: Qais Al-Awqati, George J. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The collecting ducts of the kidney are composed of intercalated cells (responsible for acid/base transport), principal cells (mediating salt and water absorption), and inner medullary cells, which mediate all three types of transport. Forkhead box (Fox) genes are a large family of transcription factors that are important in cell-type specification during organogenesis. In this issue, Blomqvist et al. find that mice lacking Foxi1 have no intercalated cells in the kidney . The collecting ducts of the null mice contained primitive cells that expressed both intercalated cell and principal cell proteins, yet the acid/base transport function of the kidney was disrupted and the mice exhibited distal renal tubular acidosis. These findings suggest that Foxi1 plays a critical role in determining cell identity during collecting duct development.
The Relationship between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphism (G894T) and Isole Coronary Artery Ectasia
Authors: Atilla İçli, Ahmet Altınbaş, Yasin Türker, Habil Yücel, Salaheddin Akçay, Recep Sütçü, Fatih Aksoy, Akif Arslan, Şenol Tayyar, Bayram Ali Uysal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Multilevel assessment of immunisation uptake as a performance measure in general practice.
Authors: K Jones, G Moon
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To provide a measure of general practitioners9 performance regarding uptake of immunisation against pertussis, taking account of the impact of patient characteristics on levels of uptake. DESIGN--Multilevel model of immunisation status against six measures of patient characteristics (level 1 predictor variables) with practice constraints as level 2 variables. SETTING--126 practices in southern England. SUBJECTS--2048 infants identified from infant surveillance and immunisation records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Top 10 practices with respect to uptake of pertussis immunisation according to a "null" model (model A) and according to a model that included six level 1 variables (model B); differences in ranking between the two models. RESULTS--Practices with low numbers of infants9 requiring immunisation had imprecise and unstable uptake rates (range 0%-100%). With the multilevel procedure, after controlling for patient characteristics, practices in suburban catchment areas comprised largely of mature or young professionals performed best. Most improved performances when patient characteristics were taken into account were in practices in areas with a stable population and local authority housing--one such practice improved its ranking by 47 places. CONCLUSIONS--Crude uptake rates are inadequate performance indicators. Alternative approaches suggest that praiseworthy efforts to raise immunisation rates in unpromising areas are unrewarded by simple target based assessments.
A New Technique for External Heart Compression
Authors: Laurence H. Bilfield, Gary A. Regula
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The traditional arm-hand method for external heart compression has proved effective but still can lack force and result in complications when performed by weak or fatigued rescuers. Consequently, a leg-heel method was tested as an alternative. Using a cardiopulmonary resuscitation manikin as the victim, our pilot study showed that external heart compression can be administered effectively by a rescuer standing next to a victim in a supine position. The leg-heel method deserves to be tested to establish its place in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Abstract 674: The lysine demethylase KDM1 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of gliomas.
Authors: Gangadhara R. Sareddy, Sandeep Saran, Binoj C. Nair, Samaya R. Krishnan, Vijay K. Gonugunta, Andrew J. Brenner, Ratna K. Vadlamudi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Glioma development is a multistep process, involving alterations in genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms and enzymes that promote epigenetic changes in gliomas are urgently needed to identify novel therapeutic targets. In the present study we explored the significance of histone demethylase KDM1 in glioma progression. In order to know the status of expression of KDM1, we utilized glioma tissue microarrays which consist of different grades of astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas and normal brain tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that KDM1 expression is overexpressed in the gliomas compared to normal brain, and KDM1 expression levels were positively correlated with histological malignancy. KDM1 expression was also found to be elevated in various established glioma cell lines. To study the functional significance of KDM1 in gliomas, KDM1 expression was silenced using siRNA or its pharmacological inhibition using pargyline or NCL-1. Silencing of KDM1 or inhibition of its enzyme activity significantly reduced the proliferation and colony formation of glioma cells. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of KDM1 promoted the acetylation of p53 and up regulation of its target genes p21 and PUMA. Patient-derived primary GBM cells expressed high levels of KDM1 and pharmacological inhibition of KDM1 decreased their proliferation. Further, KDM1 inhibition reduced the expression of stemness markers CD133 and nestin in GBM cells. Mouse xenograft assays revealed that inhibition of KDM1 using pargyline significantly reduced U87 glioma xenograft tumor growth. Inhibition of KDM1 increased levels of H3K4-me2 and H3K9-Ac histone modifications, reduced H3K9-me2 modification and promoted expression of p53 target genes (p21 and PUMA), leading to apoptosis of glioma xenograft tumors. Our results suggest that KDM1 is overexpressed in gliomas and could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gliomas. Citation Format: Gangadhara R. Sareddy, Sandeep Saran, Binoj C. Nair, Samaya R. Krishnan, Vijay K. Gonugunta, Andrew J. Brenner, Ratna K. Vadlamudi. The lysine demethylase KDM1 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of gliomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 674. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-674
Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow: The Abandonment of Body Hair by American Women
Authors: Kachiu C. Lee, Barry Ladizinski
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

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Phenotype-genotype correlations in patients with Wilson Disease (WD)
Authors: Peter Ferenci, Claudia Polli, Cathrin Smolarek, Karel Caca, Hartmuth Schmidt, Gabor Firneisz, Vera Kupcova, Cihan Yurdaydin, Ferenc Szalay, Wolfgang Vogel, Bashkim Resuli, Anna Czlonkowska, Wolfgang Stremmel, Frieder Berr
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Study of the Pericardium and Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: George C. Sutton
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THERE ARE CERTAIN PATIENTS ill with pericardial or myocardial disease which is etiologically undiagnosed after intensive cardiovascular examination.<sup>1-3</sup>These patients demonstrate cardiomegaly, pericardial involvement, and, usually, heart failure without adequate cause. Direct visual, palpable, and biopsy examination of the pericardium, coronary vessels, and myocardium has been useful in establishing the diagnosis in those cases of tuberculous and viral pericarditis, acute and chronic myocarditis, extensive myocardial fibrosis, lupus erythematosis, fibroelastosis, and some myocardopathies.<sup>4-7</sup> There are current indications for pericardial biopsy: (1) chronic or recurrent pericarditis of uncertain etiology, (2) unexplained hemopericardium, and (3) possible constrictive or adhesive pericarditis. Biopsy of the ventricular myocardium may also be indicated in patients showing manifestations of myocardosis, that is, significant myocardial disease without sufficient evidence of the common causes of heart disease, such as congenital abnormality, valvular deformity, coronary arterial insufficiency, pulmonary or systemic vascular disease, or metabolic disorder sufficient to explain the
Prenatal and Postpartum Depression in Fathers and Its Association With Maternal Depression
Authors: James F. Paulson, Sharnail D. Bazemore
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>It is well established that maternal prenatal and postpartum depression is prevalent and has negative personal, family, and child developmental outcomes. Paternal depression during this period may have similar characteristics, but data are based on an emerging and currently inconsistent literature.<h3>Objective</h3>To describe point estimates and variability in rates of paternal prenatal and postpartum depression over time and its association with maternal depression.<h3>Data Sources</h3>Studies that documented depression in fathers between the first trimester and the first postpartum year were identified through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Google Scholar, dissertation abstracts, and reference lists for the period between January 1980 and October 2009.<h3>Study Selection</h3>Studies that reported identified cases within the selected time frame were included, yielding a total of 43 studies involving 28 004 participants after duplicate reports and data were excluded.<h3>Data Extraction</h3>Information on rates of paternal and maternal depression, as well as reported paternal-maternal depressive correlations, was extracted independently by 2 raters. Effect sizes were calculated using logits, which were back-transformed and reported as proportions. Random-effects models of event rates were used because of significant heterogeneity. Moderator analyses included timing, measurement method, and study location. Study quality ratings were calculated and used for sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and the Egger method.<h3>Data Synthesis</h3>Substantial heterogeneity was observed among rates of paternal depression, with a meta-estimate of 10.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5%-12.7%). Higher rates of depression were reported during the 3- to 6-month postpartum period (25.6%; 95% CI, 17.3%-36.1%). The correlation between paternal and maternal depression was positive and moderate in size (r = 0.308; 95% CI, 0.228-0.384). No evidence of significant publication bias was detected.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Prenatal and postpartum depression was evident in about 10% of men in the reviewed studies and was relatively higher in the 3- to 6-month postpartum period. Paternal depression also showed a moderate positive correlation with maternal depression.
Hepatobiliary Imaging at 18 Years After Choledochoduodenostomy for Biliary Atresia
Authors: RONALD J. ROSENBERG, RICARDO E. SANTIAGO, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 25-day-old female infant underwent a choledochoduodenostomy for extrahepatic biliary atresia. She did relatively well over the ensuing years. At age 18 years, she was admitted because of pain after eating. A hepatobiliary study revealed a patent excretory pathway, with the gallbladder condult resembling a ductal system. Slight hepatic retention of radiotracer may have been due to previous episodes of ascending cholangitis.