tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Infants
Authors: Eliot S. Katz, Ron B. Mitchell, Carolyn M. D'Ambrosio
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Obstructive sleep apnea in infants has a distinctive pathophysiology, natural history, and treatment compared with that of older children and adults. Infants have both anatomical and physiological predispositions toward airway obstruction and gas exchange abnormalities; including a superiorly placed larynx, increased chest wall compliance, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, and ventilatory control instability. Congenital abnormalities of the airway, such as laryngomalacia, hemangiomas, pyriform aperture stenosis, choanal atresia, and laryngeal webs, may also have adverse effects on airway patency. Additional exacerbating factors predisposing infants toward airway collapse include neck flexion, airway secretions, gastroesophageal reflux, and sleep deprivation. Obstructive sleep apnea in infants has been associated with failure to thrive, behavioral deficits, and sudden infant death. The proper interpretation of infant polysomnography requires an understanding of normative data related to gestation and postconceptual age for apnea, arousal, and oxygenation. Direct visualization of the upper airway is an important diagnostic modality in infants with obstructive apnea. Treatment options for infant obstructive sleep apnea are predicated on the underlying etiology, including supraglottoplasty for severe laryngomalacia, mandibular distraction for micrognathia, tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, choanal atresia repair, and/or treatment of gastroesophageal reflux.
Modulation of the Purkinje-ventricular muscle junctional conduction by elevated potassium and hypoxia.
Authors: R C Tan, B M Ramza, R W Joyner
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Action potential transmission in the canine ventricle normally occurs from the Purkinje (P) system into the ventricular muscle (VM) at specific P-VM junction sites. Transitional (T) cells are located between the Purkinje and the ventricular (V) cells at these P-VM junction sites. It has been shown that exposure to elevated [K+]0 in combination with hypoxia produces an increase in the P-VM conduction time. To examine this increase in P-VM conduction time, simultaneous measurements of the action potential upstrokes of T cells and the activation times of the local P and V cells at P-VM junctional sites were obtained from in vitro canine papillary muscles. The effects of elevated [K+]0 and hypoxia on conduction from P cells to T cells was then compared with the conduction from T cells to V cells to assess the relative contribution of each to the increase in the P-VM conduction time. We found that this intervention has approximately equal effects on the two sequential steps involved in P-VM conduction. We then analyzed the increased delay from T cells and V cells on the basis of three hypothetical mechanisms: 1) increased coupling resistance, 2) decreased V cell excitability, and 3) decreased cellular responsiveness of the T cells. Our results show that the effects of elevated [K+]0 and hypoxia on T-VM delay can be accounted for by a decreased responsiveness of the T cells without any significant electrical uncoupling between T and V cells or decrease in VM excitability.
462 THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HAEMOGLOBIN DECLINE AND SVR IS INDEPENDENT OF ITPA GENOTYPE DURING PEG-INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN THERAPY FOR HCV-1: ANALYSIS FROM THE CHARIOT STUDY
Authors: J.A. Holmes, S. Bonanzinga, S.K. Roberts, W. Sievert, G.J. Dore, G. McCaughan, D.H. Crawford, W.S. Cheng, M.D. Weltman, G. Matthews, K. Visvanathan, V. Sundararajan, P.V. Desmond, D.S. Bowden, A.J. Thompson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The Erysichthon syndrome. Progression of coronary atherosclerosis and dietary hyperlipidemia.
Authors: D T Nash, G Gensini, H Simon, T Arno, S D Nash
Journal: Circulation (1977)

One hundred nineteen patients with coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary arteriograms were studied. Cine coronary arteriography confirmed progression of atherosclerosis in 106 (89%) patients (mean age 50.9 yr) and nonprogression in 13 (11%) patients (mean age 50.3 yr). Progression was defined as follows: any increase to 50% stenosis, 50% to 75% narrowing, 75% to 90%, 90% to 99%, 99% to total occlusion. Only one patient of the 106 who progressed (less than 1%) had ideal values for both cholesterol and triglyceride. Three of 13 patients (23%) who did not progress had ideal lipid values (P less than 0.005). Fifty four of 106 patients who progressed had cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 250 mg%; none of 13 patients who did not progress had such levels (P less than 0.005). Thirty-nine of 98 (40%) patients who progressed had hypertension; only one (8%) who did not progress had hypertension (P less than 0.025). Seventy-four of 96 patients who progressed were smokers (77%); two of 13 nonprogression patients smoked (15%) (P less than 0.005).
PHYSIOLOGICAL DILATATION OF THE HEART: A STUDY IN CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY
Authors: C. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1930)

thle outstaniding facts about the heart's action anid the eir- cuilation of the blood.But it lias reemainied to the tw-eni- tietlh cenitury to p'robe into " the nmost essenitially vital of the characteristics of the heart . . .its power of adaptation, of altering its activity-tlhat is, thle amount of w%ork it performs at each beat,_ according to the requiremenits of the body."IThis subjc A t may, I believe, still be said to be in its infancy, but a good deal is known as to the niature of the responise botlh to local and general requirements.As to local nieeds, somiiething is now know-n of the mechanism8l by whicll the circulation in whole areas is switclhed on and off by means of nieuro-arterial control.WNre knlow, too, that the capillary svstem-w hich, if dilated all o-er the body at the samiie time, would accomminiodate the whole of the blood, so tlat in suchl circumstaices the individuial would rapidly " bleed to dleatlh inito hlis capillaries "-is also possessed of a mar-vellous arrangemlienit for the conltrol of local areas, openinlg up those requiried aniid closing downn the rest.I is, hlowever, witlh the totrl ouitp-ut of the lhcart, anid especially with certain aspects of it, that the present coiimmunicationi deals.It would indeed be strange if the heart-'" tlhe Sovereign withiin, from whlich all power procceds,'' as Hairsvey puts it was uinprovided with some arrangemet-it fo' r varyinig its activities.As a miiatter of fact it contains twi-o sueh mechainiismis, one for alterinig the pace at wlhiclh it beats, and anotlher for varying the output per beat; and to state that thle activity of the lhear t is
Cell surface science in medicine and pathology. By E. N. Wardle. 607 pp. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985. $60
Authors: Adrian Reuben
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Biliary Procedures-Diagnostic and Therapeutic (Chapters 5-7); and Percutaneous Biopsy and Abscess Drainage (Chapters 8-10).Overall, each chapter achieves the stated objective of providing information regarding the indications, value, limitations and complications of each invasive procedure in a concise, well-written manner.Additionally, each chapter is exceptional in providing diagnostic and therapeutic information for both the clinician and radiologist.Adequate references are also provided for those wishing futher detail.A minor shortcoming of the chapter on vascular procedures of the liver is the lack of labeling and sufficient legends on the reproductions.Chapter 8 titled "Percutaneous Fine Needle Biopsy" provides an in-depth discussion of the author's choice of needles and technique for ultrasound-guided biopsy.CT-guided biopsies are
Diving, Patent Foramen Ovale, and Brain Lesions
Authors: Lawrence Martin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters20 November 2001Diving, Patent Foramen Ovale, and Brain LesionsLawrence Martin, MDLawrence Martin, MDCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Mentor, OH 44060 (Martin)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-10-200111200-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Schwerzmann and associates (1) reported an increased prevalence of ischemic brain lesions in sport divers with and without patent foramen ovale. Unfortunately, they confused their study group with most of the world's sport divers. There are at least two recognized categories of “sport” diving: recreational and technical (2). Certification agencies define recreational diving as diving to no deeper than 39 m (130 ft), using a single tank of compressed air, and never requiring decompression. Technical diving includes everything else (for example, using nonair mixtures, diving deeper than 39 m [130 ft], and performing cave diving) (2).From ...References1. Schwerzmann M, Seller C, Lipp E, Guzman R, Lövbald KO, Kraus M, et al . Relation between directly detected patent foramen ovale and ischemic brain lesions in sport divers. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:21-4. [PMID: 11187416] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Martin L. Scuba Diving Explained: Questions and Answers on Physiology and Medical Aspects of Scuba Diving. Flagstaff, AZ: Best Publishers; 1997. Google Scholar3. Lippman J. How deep is too deep? Divers Alert Network, Duke University. Available at www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=29. Google Scholar4. Brain lesions in scuba divers. Summary for Patients. Ann Intern Med. 2001; 134:I-38. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lawrence Martin, MDAffiliations: Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Mentor, OH 44060 (Martin) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRelation between Directly Detected Patent Foramen Ovale and Ischemic Brain Lesions in Sport Divers Markus Schwerzmann , Christian Seiler , Ernst Lipp , Raphael Guzman , Karl O. Lövblad , Martin Kraus , and Nils Kucher Diving, Patent Foramen Ovale, and Brain Lesions Anne-Marie Bollen Diving, Patent Foramen Ovale, and Brain Lesions Markus Schwerzmann and Christian Seiler Metrics 20 November 2001Volume 135, Issue 10Page: 928KeywordsBrainLesionsOxygenSportsToxicity ePublished: 20 November 2001 Issue Published: 20 November 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Gold-embedded photosensitive liposomes for drug delivery: Triggering mechanism and intracellular release
Authors: Lauri Paasonen, Tuomas Sipilä, Astrid Subrizi, Pasi Laurinmäki, Sarah J. Butcher, Michael Rappolt, Anan Yaghmur, Arto Urtti, Marjo Yliperttula
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Long Survival after Gastrectomy
Authors: C. A. Joll, D. I. Adler
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Survived 3 years 6 months Aged 53.Alive and well after 6 months Aged 62. Successful case Aged 59. Survived 19 months Aged 64.Survived 5 months Aged 45.Alive and well 10 months later Aged 35.Successful case 6 total gastrectomies out of 173 resections in 461 cases of carcinoma ventriculi Quote Bull and Stang's case: 13 months Quote Clute and Mason's case, above
Current Perspective on Lyme Borreliosis
Authors: Richard A. Kaslow
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 29-year-old woman presented with knee and elbow pain of 12 days' duration. Twelve weeks earlier in mid-June she had been working in a craft center at a camp on the Chesapeake Bay, Md, but spent much recreational time biking through wooded and open coastland. She recalled scratching a slightly pruritic area on her See also p 1364. lower thigh in early July. Several days later she noticed a circular area of intense redness, approximately 8 cm in diameter, which she attributed to irritation from scratching. Over the next 10 days, the rash grew considerably larger, showing a red outer border more visible than the center. The rash then disappeared gradually. In late July, she felt unusually hot and fatigued, experienced headache and intermittent nausea for 5 days, and had difficulty sleeping and concentrating both at work and while biking. For about 36 hours she had mild pain
GIANT MUCOCELE OF THE FRONTAL SINUS
Authors: Charles E. Dowman
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This case of giant mucocele of the frontal sinus is reported because (1) the condition is sufficiently rare to justify the addition of another case to the literature on this subject; (2) the secondary effect, through pressure on the orbital structures causing definite disturbance of vision and the possibility of further pressure effects on the cranial contents, calls for operative relief, and (3) the technical difficulties in bringing about a cure, on account of the necessity of obliterating a cavity of such great dimensions, present an interesting surgical problem. Such an accumulation of nonpurulent mucoid material is probably brought about by some chronic irritation of the mucosa of an exceptionally developed sinus and the obliteration of the infundibular canal. The continued increase of the mucoid material gradually causes the absorption of the bony walls of the sinus, with definite pressure effects on neighboring structures.<sup>1</sup> <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> P. S.
The interrelationships of the pancreatic enzymes.
Authors: K G Wormsley, D M Goldberg
Journal: Gut (1972)

Progress reportThe interrelationships of the pancreatic enzymesThe quantitative interrelationships between the different functional types of pancreatic enzymes has been the subject of much experimental investiga- tion, but the results are conflicting and the inferences remain controversial.Recent improvements in techniques have provided new and more reliable means of measuring enzyme activities and it therefore seems pertinent to review the current state of knowledge about the factors which determine selective production of the pancreatic enzymes.Pavlovl, quoting the studies of his pupil Walther in dogs, described rapid 'adaptive' changes in the amounts of individual pancreatic enzymes secreted in response to changes in the predominant type of food in a single meal.Later studies supported Pavlov's hypothesis that the production of individual enzymes, or groups of enzymes, could be selectively modified, but changed the emphasis by indicating that adaptation of pancreatic enzyme secretion might require prolonged dietary modification, for periods ranging from hours to weeks2'3'4.The converse hypothesis, that pancreatic enzymes were secreted 'in parallel', was proposed during the early years of the present century by Babkin5,6 on the basis of experiments in dogs with pancreatic fistulae and was later supported by studies of pancreatic secretion in other species, including man.In order to disentangle the current state of the evidence for the two conflicting hypotheses, the interrelationships between the pancreatic enzymes within the pancreatic-secreting cells, in the secreted juice, and within the small intestinal lumen are considered separately, since different factors determine the relative increase or decrease of individual enzymes or groups of enzymes in the three compartments.Interrelationships of Enzymes within the Pancreatic Acinar Cells While the original hypotheses of 'dissociated' or 'parallel' secretion of enzymes referred to the enzyme content of pancreatic juice, the interrelation- ships of the enzymes within the pancreatic acinar cells has been studied because the enzyme content of the zymogen granules has been considered to represent 'preformed' pancreatic juice3.SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF PANCREATIC ENZYMES Using immunological staining techniques, Marshall7 found uniform intra- cellular distribution of chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase in the pancreas.Keller, Cohen, and Neurath8 also demonstrated uniform in- corporation of radioactively labelled arginine into trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen at all stages of synthesis and storage, although incorporation of 398 on August 20,
Europe launches investigation into health risks of faulty breast implants
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The European Commission has launched an in-depth scientific investigation into the potential risks to health of faulty breast implants. While preparing to update existing legislation, it will also examine with national authorities how surveillance of medical devices can be strengthened under the present rules.

The initiatives were taken after the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks concluded, in an opinion published on 2 February, that there were insufficient data to draw firm conclusions on the potential health risk to women with Poly Implant Prosthese (PIP) silicone breast implants.

The committee, an independent advisory body with expertise in …
Intracoronary thallium-201 scintigraphy after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction compared with 10 and 100 day intravenous thallium-201 scintigraphy
Authors: Gary V. Heller, J. Anthony Parker, Kenneth J. Silverman, Henry D. Royal, Gerald M. Kolodny, Sven Paulin, Eugene Braunwald, John E. Markis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
COMPARISON OF PERI-STENT VASCULAR RESPONSE AFTER SIROLIMUS AND PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Kwen Chul Shin, Woong Chol Kang, Kyounghoon Lee, Yae Min Park, Seung Hwan Han, Myeong Gun Kim, Taehoon Ahn, Eak Kyun Shin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Specificity of Human Liver Membrane Lipoprotein: Studies with Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Hiroshi Murakami, Junsuke Kuriki, Shinichi Kakumu, Kazuhiko Fukui, Nobuo Sakamoto
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Hybrid cell lines which secreted antibodies to liver-specific membrane lipoprotein (LSP) were obtained by immunizing SMA and BALB/c mice with human LSP and fusing their splenocytes with the myeloma cell line P3-NSI/1-Ag4-1. The secretion of antibody to LSP (anti-LSP) was monitored by binding to a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, SK-Hep-1, which possesses surface membrane LSP, and to 125I-antimouse F(ab')2 antibody in radiobinding assay, and by reacting with 125I-LSP in double-antibody radioimmunoassay. From four separate cell fusions, seven secreting hybrids were cloned by dilutional techniques. Of these, four cell lines produced antibodies reacting with a wide variety of cells. The culture supernatants of the remaining three (6D6, 6G3 and 8F10) demonstrated the strongest binding activities against SK-Hep-1 among the various kinds of cell lines tested. However, binding with other cell lines, including renal cancer cells (SK-RC-6) and myeloid cell (HL-60) also occurred. Absorption test of ascitic fluids derived from 6D6 showed that ascitic fluids lost their capacity to bind to target SK-Hep-1 cells when absorbed with SK-Hep-1. Similarly absorption by SK-RC-6 and HL-60 removed almost all of the binding activity of ascitic fluids. Moreover, the binding activities of the ascitic fluids to SK-RC-6 and HL-60 were eliminated when absorbed with SK-RC-6, HL-60 and SK-Hep-1. The present study indicates that our LSP preparation contains nonspecific organ antigens, and although LSP exists on liver cell membrane, it is also found on the cell membrane of other organs albeit in less quantity.
Intranasal beclomethasone diproprionate in allergic rhinitis.
Authors: J M Smith, R T Clegg, N Cook, A G Butler
Journal: BMJ (1975)

infusion suggesting that, though the oesophageal mucosa might have been stimulated, the pain produced was not epigastric.We could not confirm that the cardiac sphincter pressure of those patients with epigastric pain was different from those without such pain.Moreover, radiological evidence of the capacity to herniate stomach, or of reflux of barium, as a measure of the incompetence of the anti-reflux mechanism, did not correspond with the incidence of epigastric pain.Hence we find little support for Earlam's hypothesis that the epigastric pain of duodenal ulcer is caused by acid stimulation of the oesophageal mucosa.
Trans-sarcolemmal Ca2+ movements associated with contraction of the rabbit right ventricular wall.
Authors: G N Pierce, T L Rich, G A Langer
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The purpose of this study was to examine the movements of Ca2+ into the myocardium from the extracellular space during the course of muscle contraction. Equilibration of the rabbit right ventricular wall with perfusate containing 45Ca was measured by collecting effluent droplets over time. This protocol was carried out in a quiescent muscle and then repeated 15-20 minutes later in an identical fashion except that halfway through the collection period the muscle was stimulated to contract. We were thus able to quantitate the contraction-dependent changes in 45Ca movements. In control experiments using [58Co]EDTA as an extracellular space marker, we observed that contraction altered the volume of this space. This alteration in extracellular space was relatively small, and the quantitation of 45Ca movements was corrected for this change. The addition of 1 microM Bay K 8644 to the perfusate stimulated tension and augmented Ca2+ depletion from the extracellular space. The addition of 15 microM nifedipine to the perfusate significantly reduced both tension development and Ca2+ depletion from the extracellular space of the muscle. Net contraction-dependent movement of Ca2+ from the extracellular space into the myocardium under control conditions at 1 mM [Ca2+] was 10-14 mumol Ca2+/kg tissue wet wt/beat. This value indicates either a large contribution of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and/or significant contribution of sarcolemmal bound Ca2+ to excitation-contraction coupling in the rabbit ventricle.
Dynamic Geometry of the Left Ventricle in Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: PANTEL S. VOKONAS, RICHARD GORLIN, PETER F. COHN, MICHAEL V. HERMAN, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK
Journal: Circulation (1973)

High-speed biplane left ventricular (LV) cineangiograms were analyzed for changes in volume, shape, and dimensions in 35 patients. Ventriculographic studies in ten normal subjects characterized by an ejection fraction (E.F.) of 67 ± 2% and an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 90 ± 8 ml/m 2 were compared with results from 25 patients with isolated mitral regurgitation of varying severity. Patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) were subdivided according to whether or not the ejection fraction was normal. Those with normal E.F. (70 ± 2%) were termed compensated MR (CMR) and had EDV 192 ± 7 ml/m 2 . Those with decreased E.F. 34 ± 3% were termed decompensated MR (DMR) and had EDV 277 ± 17 ml/m 2 . In normal subjects no significant changes in LV dimensions were noted during the isovolumic phase of contraction while in patients with compensated MR the transverse axis shortened an average of 5.2% with no change in the longitudinal axis (L). Changes in geometry prior to ejection were less evident in the group with decompensated MR. In normal subjects during ejection the extent of circumferential fiber shortening was 38 ± 1%, and longitudinal shortening was 18 ± 1%. In CMR slightly greater changes were observed in LV dimensions. In DMR both circumferential and longitudinal shortening was significantly reduced (17 ± 2% and 8 ± 1%, respectively). Assuming an ellipsoidal model of the LV chamber, eccentricity (e) was calculated to assess the degree of roundness. In normal subjects, e increased from 0.85 at end-diastole to 0.92 at end-systole. In compensated MR, end-diastolic shape was more rounded with e increasing from 0.75 to 0.88 during systole. In decompensated MR there was only a small change in e from 0.70 to 0.73 during systole, indicating that a globular configuration persisted in systole as well as diastole. These differences could not be satisfactorily explained in terms of etiology, age, regurgitant volume load or its duration. The differences between the two groups of patients were best expressed by the difference in ejection fraction and globularity of the LV. A relationship to absolute EDV between the two groups was less evident. These differences may be due to development of organic changes in the architecture of heart wall in those patients with decompensated MR.