tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment Options for Obesity
Authors: Rena R. Wing
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Arginine administration to critically ill patients with a low nitric oxide fraction in the airways: a pilot study
Authors: Jean-Marc Tadié, Luc Cynober, Vincent Peigne, Aurore Caumont-Prim, Nathalie Neveux, Alain Gey, Emmanuel Guerot, Jean-Luc Diehl, Jean-Yves Fagon, Eric Tartour, Christophe Delclaux
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Primary liver cancer in Japan. Edited by T. Tobe, H. Kameda, M. Okudaira, M. Ohto, Y. Endo, M. Mito, E. Okamoto, K. Tanikawa and M. Kojiro, 453 pp. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag, 1992. $278
Authors: Elliot Alpert
Journal: Hepatology (1993)
The short-term effects of benzoyl peroxide lotion on the resolution of inflamed acne lesions
Authors: H. SCHUTTE, W.J. CUNLIFFE, R.A. FORSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

A double blind study carried out in two centres showed that a 5% benzoyl peroxide lotion†† Topex Acne Lotion (U.K.), Mytolac (Europe), Richardson-Merrell Ltd, Egham, Surrey. used topically for only 5 days significantly reduced the number of inflamed acne lesions. The possibility that such a rapid resolution of acne lesions may be due to an antibacterial or a direct effect on mediators of inflammation is discussed.
Compensation to a Department of Medicine and Its Faculty Members for the Teaching of Medical Students and House Staff
Authors: Steven Shea, Katherine G. Nickerson, Joseph Tenenbaum, Thomas Q. Morris, Daniel Rabinowitz, Kathleen O'Donnell, Ellen Perez, Myron L. Weisfeldt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Changes in the organization and financing of health care threaten to alter the prevailing system of financing the teaching of medical students and residents. Little information is available from private medical schools and teaching hospitals about the extent of teaching by faculty members or the mechanisms and levels of reimbursement for teaching.We surveyed faculty members in the Department of Medicine at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center to ascertain the extent of their teaching activities. A standard number of hours was assigned to each activity, and the total number of teaching hours was calculated for each faculty member. Teaching of fellows and in continuing medical education programs was excluded. We also determined how much money the Department of Medicine received in payment for faculty members' teaching activities, and the sources of this compensation.In the 1992-1993 academic year, the 188 full-time faculty members spent a total of 46,086 hours teaching (mean [+/- SD], 245 +/- 178 hours per faculty member); 10,780 hours (23.4 percent) were spent teaching medical students, and 35,306 hours (76.6 percent) teaching house staff. Eighty percent of faculty members taught for 137 or more hours each. In a multivariate analysis including faculty rank, subspecialty division, years since graduation from medical school, sex, and tenure or clinical track, senior faculty members (P = 0.02), members of certain subspecialty divisions (P < 0.001), and women (P = 0.05) contributed more than the average number of teaching hours. An additional 56 non-full-time faculty members contributed a total of 5684 hours. The net reimbursement to the department for teaching totaled $965,808, or about $16 per hour of teaching by full-time faculty members, after the cost of fringe benefits was excluded.Faculty members of the department of medicine at a major medical center contribute a large number of hours teaching medical students and house staff. This effort is poorly compensated. Cost-containment efforts have the potential to jeopardize fragile social contracts at academic health centers whereby the faculty participates in teaching by contributing unreimbursed or underreimbursed time.
Continuing medical education does not guarantee standards
Authors: P. Burrows
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--In her editorial on recertification of general practitioners Tessa Richards correctly identifies the weakness of the General Medical Services Committee's proposal when she says that “little evidence exists that accumulating continuing medical education ‘credits' improves performance or affects outcomes.”1 Sadly, the profession cannot claim that participation in continuing medical education provides any guarantee of the standards of practice of a general practitioner. If recertification is to provide quality assurance for the public and health authorities it must also …
Metformin in Breast Cancer: Time for Action
Authors: Pamela J. Goodwin, Jennifer A. Ligibel, Vuk Stambolic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Pamela J. Goodwin, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital; and Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Jennifer A. Ligibel, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA Vuk Stambolic, Division of Signaling Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Arousability in sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome patients
Authors: K. Dingli, I. Fietze, T. Assimakopoulos, S. Quispe-Bravo, C. Witt, N.J. Douglas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Sleep disruption and daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) patients result from recurrent apnoeas/hypopnoeas and arousals from sleep. Around 30% of apnoeas/hypopnoeas are not terminated by visible cortical arousals. The current authors tested the hypotheses that arousal induction is linked to sleep stage, oxygen desaturation, event type, event duration and time of occurrence during the night. Fifteen patients with OSAHS of varying severity were studied and all their apnoeas/hypopnoeas were evaluated. Eight of 15 patients had apnoeas/hypopnoeas in all sleep stages, and all their 610 apnoeas/hypopnoeas were analysed in the between stages comparison; data from all 15 patients were included in other comparisons. Thirty-four per cent of apnoeas/hypopnoeas during slow wave sleep (SWS) were associated with arousal, significantly less than the 77% during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) 1 and 2 and 62% during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Arousal induction was not affected by oxygen desaturation, event type, duration or time of the night. The apnoea/hypopnoea index was 39·h −1 in NREM 1 and 2, significantly higher compared to 17·h −1 in REM or to 11·h −1 in SWS sleep. In conclusion, apnoeas/hypopnoeas in slow wave sleep are associated with fewer cortically apparent, visually detected arousals.
Eradication of Gametocytes To Prevent Introduction of Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Myron G. Schultz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor:—  The recent report of a case ofPlasmodium falciparummalaria by Berman and Holmes (215:291, 1971) notes the persistence of gametocytemia following therapy with chloroquine and advocates the use of primaquine to eradicate gametocytes for the primary purpose of preventing the introduction (through mosquitoes) of falciparum malaria into the United States. This recommendation is ill advised for several reasons.  First, the persistence of gametocytemia following clinical cure with chloroquine is not a new finding. It has been recognized since 1948 (Indian J Malariol2:1-12). Gametocytes of Pfalciparumwill persist for several weeks after the asexual forms disappear. Indeed, in the case reported, the disappearance of gametocytes 13 days after the use of chloroquine and five days after the use of primaquine can just as easily be attributed to the former drug as it has been to the latter drug. Secondly, the gametocytocidal effect of
Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Propranolol in Man
Authors: STEVEN WOLFSON, RICHARD GORLIN
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The success of propranolol in treating the symptoms of angina pectoris has raised questions about the effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on the hemodynamic functions, myocardial mechanics, energetics, and metabolic functions. Five milligrams of propranolol was given intravenously to 27 human subjects, 18 with and nine without angiographically proven coronary atherosclerosis. The drug produced a decrease in externally measured indices of myocardial mechanical effort and consequently a fall in myocardial oxygen demands. The hemodynamic changes and resultant increases in myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow during supine leg exercise were also attenuated. Propranolol produced different changes in myocardial arteriovenous oxygen extraction depending upon whether the coronary circulation was normal or diseased. Although the data suggest that coronary vasoconstriction occurred in patients with atherosclerotic lesions, no significant change in myocardial lactate exchange was noted after administration of propranolol. Beta-adrenergic blockade caused a decline in cardiac filling pressures and volumes at the dose level used in this study, presumably by decreasing venous return.
Relation of Allied Health Education to Medical Education
Authors: Anne Pascasio
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A team is a group of competent individuals called team members. To function as a team, all members must know their own specific roles as well as the specific roles of others on the team. They also must know how all of the roles relate. In other words, they must understand what transforms a group of individual players into a team that functions smoothly in pursuit of its common goal. Teams allow for individual and group practice. Members are provided opportunities to master their own specific skills. They also are provided opportunities to practice their specific roles and skills as a team so that they learn not only how they<i>should</i>work together but also how<i>to</i>work together. If we truly believe that there is— or that there should be—a health team, should we not follow similar steps in the education of that team? We already provide opportunities for
458. Reversal of Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency by Retroviral-Vector Mediated Gene Therapy with Non-Myeloablative Conditioning
Authors: Thomas R. Bauer, Laura M. Tuschong, Mehreen Hai, Yu-chen Gu, Robert A. Sokolic, Tanya Burkholder, John D. Bacher, Dennis D. Hickstein
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Children with leukocyte adhesion deficiency or LAD suffer recurrent, life-threatening bacterial infections due to defective adherence and migration of their leukocytes. LAD is due to heterogenous molecular defects in the leukocyte integrin CD18 molecule. Dogs with the canine form of leukocyte adhesion deficiency or CLAD, like children with LAD, also experience severe bacterial infections and typically die within the first few months of life. CLAD represents a disease-specific, large animal model for testing new therapeutic approaches for the human disease LAD. We tested a retroviral-vector mediated gene therapy approach in CLAD using a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen. Seven CLAD dogs received autologous, CD34+ gene-corrected cells following 200 cGy total body irradiation (TBI). CLAD CD34+ cells were pre-stimulated overnight with growth factors cIL-6, cSCF, hFlt3-L, and hTPO, then incubated with retroviral vector PG13/MSCV-cCD18 over 48 hours on recombinant fibronectin. Transduction of the CLAD CD34+ cells ranged from 15 to 33%. Following transduction, cells were re-infused (0.3 to 1.8 |[times]| 106 CD18+ cells per kg) after 200 cGy TBI. One group of 4 dogs received post-transplant immunosuppression consisting of cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. A second cohort group of 3 dogs received no post-transplant immunosuppression. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry for CD18 expression. At a mean time of 6 months post-gene transfer, the CD18+ gene-corrected leukocyte frequency in the peripheral blood ranged from 0.044% to a high of 3.15%. Five of the 7 CLAD dogs (3 with immunosuppression, 2 without immunosuppression) receiving CD18+ gene corrected cells have had significant improvement of their CLAD disease and are alive and well at 9 to13 months of age. These results contrast markedly with those seen in untreated CLAD dogs that die or are euthanized within the first few months of life due to intractable infection. Our studies indicate that a non-myeloablative regimen of 200 cGy TBI regimen facilitates the engraftment of sufficient autologous, CD18-gene corrected cells to correct the disease phenotype in CLAD, and that post-transplant immunosuppression is not required for the persistence of CD18 gene-corrected cells. These results provide support for the use of a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen prior to the infusion of autologous, CD18 gene-corrected cells in gene therapy clinical trials for LAD.
Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma.
Authors: David C Chalupa, Paul E Morrow, Günter Oberdörster, Mark J Utell, Mark W Frampton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Ambient air particles in the ultrafine size range (diameter < 100 nm) may contribute to the health effects of particulate matter. However, there are few data on ultrafine particle deposition during spontaneous breathing, and none in people with asthma. Sixteen subjects with mild to moderate asthma were exposed for 2 hr, by mouthpiece, to ultrafine carbon particles with a count median diameter (CMD) of 23 nm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.6. Deposition was measured during spontaneous breathing at rest (minute ventilation, 13.3 +/- 2.0 L/min) and exercise (minute ventilation, 41.9 +/- 9.0 L/min). The mean +/- SD fractional deposition was 0.76 +/- 0.05 by particle number and 0.69 +/- 0.07 by particle mass concentration. The number deposition fraction increased as particle size decreased, reaching 0.84 +/- 0.03 for the smallest particles (midpoint CMD = 8.7 nm). No differences between sexes were observed. The deposition fraction increased during exercise to 0.86 +/- 0.04 and 0.79 +/- 0.05 by particle number and mass concentration, respectively, and reached 0.93 +/- 0.02 for the smallest particles. Experimental deposition data exceeded model predictions during exercise. The deposition at rest was greater in these subjects with asthma than in previously studied healthy subjects (0.76 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.10, p < 0.001). The efficient respiratory deposition of ultrafine particles increases further in subjects with asthma. Key words: air pollution, asthma, deposition, dosimetry, inhalation, ultrafine particles.
Abstract 192: Restoration of an epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A in human prostate cancer cells by a plant alkaloid, mahanine
Authors: Shankar Jagadeesh, Bikas C. Pal, Samir Bhattacharya, Partha P. Banerjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The etiology of human prostatic carcinoma remains largely undefined. However, it is becoming clear that epigenetic inactivation of various tumor suppressor genes could play pivotal role in the development of various cancers including prostate cancer. One of such tumor suppressor is Ras-association domain family 1 (RASSF1) gene. Epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A is probably the most frequently methylated gene described thus far in human cancer. Ectopic expression of RASSF1A in cancer cells that lack endogenous RASSF1A transcripts resulted in reduced growth of cancer cells in vitro and in nude mice supporting a role for RASSF1A as a tumor suppressor gene. Since, the restoration of RASSF1A expression in tumor cells impairs their tumorigenicity, factors that restore RASSF1A expression have immense importance in preventing tumor growth. In this investigation, we demonstrated that, mahanine, a plant derived carbazole alkaloid, restores RASSF1A expression in both androgen-responsive (LNCaP) and androgen-negative (PC3) prostate cancer cells by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity. Mahanine-induced expression of RASSF1A in turn significantly reduces cyclin D1 but not other cyclins. As a result of down-regulation of cyclin D1, cancer cells arrest at G0/G1 phase. To understand the inverse relationship between RASSF1A and cyclin D1, we observed that mahanine treatment down-regulates cyclin D1 and addition of RASSF1A siRNA prevents this inhibition. Inactivation of both Akt and CREB by mahanine and RASSF1A is associated with the down-regulation and translocation of cyclin D1. This study shows that mahanine can reverse an epigenetically silenced gene, RASSF1A in prostate cancer cells by inhibiting DNMT activity that in turn down-regulates a key cell cycle regulator, cyclin D1. Mahanine, therefore, promises an encouraging therapeutic choice for advanced prostatic cancer (Supported by NIH grant R01 CA131123). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 192.
THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATIC CARDITIS
Authors: T. F. Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Rheumatic carditis, as the name implies, is a distinct disease with a group of symptoms and a common morbid lesion.The morbid anatomists have accurately described the changes in the tissues, and clinicians have observed symptoms and signs which can be correlated with dis- turbed function and a common underlying pathological process.It is generally believed that the cause of the disease is a bacterial invasion of the blood stream, and the organism is probably a streptococcus.The pheno- mena which characterize a rheurmatic infection are poly- arthritis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules, and carditis, and of these the cardiac lesion is the most important, for upon it depends the life of the patient.The whole heart is involved in an inflammatory reaction, with a productive proliferation of the tissues and the submiliary nodule as an essential feature.It is a disease of childhood and adolescence; in three-quarters of the cases of rheumatic heart disease the damage occurs between the ages of 5 and 15, and among school children it is a disease of the first magnitude.Aetiological Factors The problem that has to be faced in the treatment of carditis is that of juvenile rheumatism.If the factors governing the incidence of rheumatism could be controlled, heart disease in children and young adults would occupy a small place in the practice of medicine.Cardiac rheumatism is undoubtedly influenced by such environ- mental conditions as poverty, climate, and exposure.Urbanization plays a part in the aetiology ; heredity and diathesis do not seem to be predisposing causes of the disease.There is reliable evidence that tonsillar sepsis and scarlet fever can be definitely linked with a rheumatic infection.An inquiry into the cause and course of juvenile rheumatism reveals the fact that whatever may be the particular conditions that influence this infection, the incidence of rheumatism in childhood remains high, in spite of all measures of prevention employed to protect the child.To make the child less vulnerable from attack is one way of grappling with the problem of treating the disease.No special method is available for this purpose: it is a social question, which to some extent has been answered in the homes of the well-to-do classes.Ill- health and early disease are more likely to be recognized and treated in theser families than in those of the hospital class.Tonsillitis, growing pains, the nervous twitching of chorea, are manifestations of a rheumatic infection, and if untreated may be, and often are, the cause of a serious cardiac lesion.It is not surprising that the varied manifestations of rheumatism should not be recognized: an unexplained pyrexia with the associated debility syndrome, or well-advanced signs of carditis, may be the only record w,e possess of a past rheumatic infection.The diagnosis of carditis is an admission that a rheumatic invasion of the body has not been recognized, or that remedial measures have failed to control the infective processes of the disease.
DYSPHAGIA WITH ANAEMIA IN A MALE
Authors: E. Watson-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Of the four cases treated with Felix's Lister Institute serum two showed dramatic improvement.One further case showed lessening of toxaemia.The remaining case showed no change.It is our impression that the new antityphoid serum is definitely beneficial when given to the typhoid patient during the first or second week of illness in decreasing the toxaemia and shortening the febrile course.
58 Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in heterosexual monogamous couples — the HCV partners study
Authors: N TERRAULT, M BUSCH, E MURPHY, M TONG, J DVORKIN, M ALTER
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

To elucidate how hepatitis C virus (HCV) with multiple variants (quasispecies) is transmitted and adapts to the host during infection, we compared nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences from hypervariable region1 (HVR1) of the E2 gene of HCV between a donor and a recipient who developed hepatitis after a needlestick accident. Thirty clones from each subject were sequenced after PCR amplification, cloning, and purification of plasmid DNA from single colonies of transformed bacteria. Genetic analysis revealed that the recipient's viral sequences were much less diverse than the donor's. We found a single predominant HCV HVR1 clone of the recipient in 22/30 isolates with the same amino acid sequence, and mimic clones in 8/30 isolates with only one amino acid substitution. These were all absent in the donor, who had 21 highly diverse sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of virus E1/E2 gene sequences showed that the recipient's unique sequences were related to the population of variants from the donor, in whom one isolate had 96% similarity to the recipient's predominant amino acid sequence. These results suggest that a minor subset of the donor's HCV variants is selectively transmitted to the recipient, and that the selection determines the predominant variant in the new host.