tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Incidental Hepatitis C Virus Infection — Polling Results
Authors: Marissa B. Wilck, Mary Beth Hamel, Lindsey R. Baden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In late April, we presented a case of a healthy black woman incidentally found to be infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Clinical Decisions,1 an interactive feature designed to assess how readers would manage a clinical problem for which there may be more than one appropriate approach to treatment. Our patient was a 25-year-old investment banker who had a positive result on an HCV antibody test when attempting to donate blood for the first time. She was in good health with no other known medical illnesses. She was seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus.A total of 3216 votes were . . .
Elder abuse, 21st century style
Authors: Roger A Fisken
Journal: BMJ (2006)

W e hear a lot about the right of people to “die with dignity.” Such discussions usually occur in the context of malignant disease or other major progressive illnesses such as motor neurone disease. In a week in which a report has focused attention on the care of elderly people (see BMJ 2006;332: 746), it is surely worth highlighting the problem of undignified death in those who simply have multiple pathologies related to ageing and whose quality of life has deteriorated to a point where they seem to have little, if any, enjoyment left in carrying on. The collective blindness that nursing homes, hospitals, and general practitioners have to this problem leads to a series of defects in the care of such people. It is a form of elder abuse that is becoming increasingly common.

> There needs to be a sort of “Do not attempt aggressive medical treatment” order that could be applied to frail people in the community 

Frail …
Aetiology of low back pain in young athletes: role of sport type
Authors: T Hosea, J Hannafin, J Bran, D O'Hara, P Seuffert
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Low back pain (LBP) in young athletes is increasing. Understanding spinal pathology related to sports may enhance design of prevention programs. Objective To test the hypothesis that rowing athletes with LBP have a higher likelihood of degenerative disc disease than athletes from other sports. Design Retrospective case series of 199 athletes (14–25 years.) with LBP. Setting Clinical assessment of interscholastic, intercollegiate and elite athletes presenting to a sports medicine physician complaining of LBP. Patients The medical records of athletes (14–25 years) seen from 2003 to 2008 with the complaint of LBP were reviewed and included. 23 sports were represented and 32% of the athletes were rowers. Interventions Athletes had a thorough history and physical examination, MRI and/or bone scan. Results in the rowing athletes were compared to other athletes. Main outcome measurements Results of the history, physical examination and radiographic studies were evaluated and the data analyzed by t-test or chi square. Results Demographically, the rowers and non-rowers were similar. The incidence of disc injury, involved disc levels, and physical findings were similar between the male and female rowers. Female rowers had a higher likelihood of disc herniation and a higher incidence of multiple disc level involvement than other female athletes (p&lt;0.05). Male rowers and American football players had a higher incidence of disc herniation and multiple disc level involvement (p&lt;0.05). Male rowers were more likely to present with positive physical findings compared to other male athletes (p&lt;05). Overall, 89.5% of the males and 76.9% of the females had positive MRI findings affecting up to three lumbar levels. Conclusion Complaints of LBP in young athletes are highly correlated with lumbar spinal abnormalities. This is especially true for the young rowing athlete. Rowing techniques and training methods must be re-evaluated to decrease stresses on the lumbar spine and allow development of injury prevention programs.
Anesthesia Mortality in Private Practice
Authors: Harry N. Memery
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A total of 114,866 anesthetics was administered over a ten-year period (1955 to 1964) by a group of anesthesiologists in private practice. Of this total, 1,027 patients did not survive their surgical-anesthetic experience. The incidence of primary anesthetic death in surgery was 1:3,145. The incidence of primary cardiac arrest was 1:4,994 and the recovery rate was 44.4%. No primary or contributory anesthetic deaths occurred in 43,045 consecutive deliveries. The primary fault of the anesthesiologist was improper management of the anesthetic and the secondary fault was improper management in the immediate postoperative period.
Use of the American Rheumatism Association's Preliminary Criteria for the Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: THOMAS P. GIBSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

To examine the usefulness of the American Rheumatism Association's classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus, we reviewed the records of 65 patients and tabulated the incidence of the 14 proposed manifestations. A lower incidence of facial erythema, discoid lupus, Raynaud's phenomenon, alopecia, photosensitivity, and oronasopharyngeal ulceration was found. We observed that, if these features were not present on physical examination, specific questioning for their prior existence was not carried out. This resulted in a reduction in sensitivity of the classification criteria from 89.8% to 72.3%. Effective application of these classification criteria to a general hospital patient population being evaluated by nonrheumatologists requires detailed inquiry regarding each of the manifestations.
Solid lipid nanoparticles for nose to brain delivery of haloperidol: in vitro drug release and pharmacokinetics evaluation
Authors: Mohd Yasir, Udai Vir Singh Sara
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

In the present study, haloperidol (HP)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared to enhance the uptake of HP to brain via intranasal (i.n.) delivery. SLNs were prepared by a modified emulsification-diffusion technique and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and stability. All parameters were found to be in an acceptable range. In vitro drug release was found to be 94.16±4.78% after 24 h and was fitted to the Higuchi model with a very high correlation coefficient (R (2)=0.9941). Pharmacokinetics studies were performed on albino Wistar rats and the concentration of HP in brain and blood was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The brain/blood ratio at 0.5 h for HP-SLNs i.n., HP sol. i.n. and HP sol. i.v. was 1.61, 0.17 and 0.031, respectively, indicating direct nose-to-brain transport, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. The maximum concentration (C max) in brain achieved from i.n. administration of HP-SLNs (329.17±20.89 ng/mL, T max 2 h) was significantly higher than that achieved after i.v. (76.95±7.62 ng/mL, T max 1 h), and i.n. (90.13±6.28 ng/mL, T max 2 h) administration of HP sol. The highest drug-targeting efficiency (2362.43%) and direct transport percentage (95.77%) was found with HP-SLNs as compared to the other formulations. Higher DTE (%) and DTP (%) suggest that HP-SLNs have better brain targeting efficiency as compared to other formulations.
Unclassified or unclassifiable interstitial lung disease: confusing or helpful disease category?: Table 1–
Authors: Vincent Cottin, Athol Wells
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:  Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is thought to increase foxp3 expression and epithelial barrier elements. We aimed to investigate classical and experimental asthma treatments on TSLP, fox p3 and epithelial barrier element ZO-1.   Methods:  We developed experimental asthma model using intraperitoneal (IP) and inhaled ovalbumin in 32 BALB/c mice which were grouped into four. Each group received either IP saline, IP etanercet (anti-TNF), IP bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) or IP dexamethasone. TSLP, fox p3 and ZO-1 were stained on lung samples with immunohistochemical indirect avidin-peroxidase method and semi-quantified with H-score.   Results:  TSLP was found to decrease in each of the dexamethasone, anti-TNF and anti-VEGF groups compared to untreated asthma group (p=0.004, p=0.003 and p=0.002 respectively). However, treatment groups were not significantly different from each other.   Conclusion:  Our results demonstrate that conventional and experimental asthma treatments decrease TSLP but this decrease does not have an influence on foxp3 or ZO-1. The epithelial barrier enhancing properties of TSLP that have been demonstrated in previous research might be through proteins of epithelial barrier structure other than ZO-1.
Operability in Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: G. Hugh Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Numerous prognostic factors have been evaluated in bronchogenic carcinoma, and Dr Stoloff has now considered identification of tumor in a stem bronchus as a contraindication for surgical intervention (227:299, 1974). Thus far, tumor size, cell type, lymphovascular invasion, and node involvement have been shown to be important prognostic factors.<sup>1-6</sup>Indeed, node involvement is the basis of our present staging system.<sup>7</sup>We are not aware of other studies correlating precise anatomic endobronchial location with nodal involvement and survival. Exact differentiation between main stem and peripheral bronchial tumor involvement is often difficult bronchoscopically, especially when dealing with lesions at the upper lobe orifice and from information available in a retrospective series, such as Dr Stoloff's. Furthermore, if endobronchial location or distance from the carina proves to be prognostically important, one must remember the anatomic difference in length between the right (1 to 1.5 cm) and left (4
Methylprednisolone Acetate in Intra-articular Therapy
Authors: W. R. Murdoch, G. Will
Journal: BMJ (1962)

The condition was suspected clinically and diagnosed pre-operatively by cardiac catheterization and retrograde angiocardiography.The abnormally large left circumflex coronary artery entered the coronary sinus.Surgical ligation of the coronary artery has resulted in noticeable improvement in the patient's cardiovascular status.
Contraception Confusion: Why Casey and Colleagues Have It Wrong
Authors: Andrew Dean Foley Ross
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

"Contraception Confusion: Why Casey and Colleagues Have It Wrong." The American Journal of Bioethics, 12(7), pp. 40–41 Notes For simplicity and brevity, I use hereinafter “contraception” to refer to all highly effective, medically acceptable methods of birth control other than abstinence.
Hippo Pathway Gene Mutations in Malignant Mesothelioma: Revealed by RNA and Targeted Exon Sequencing
Authors: Akihiko Miyanaga, Mari Masuda, Koji Tsuta, Kumiko Kawasaki, Yuka Nakamura, Tomohiro Sakuma, Hisao Asamura, Akihiko Gemma, Tesshi Yamada
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Serologic Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases
Authors: Irving G. Kagan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE identification of many intestinal parasites is relatively uncomplicated, since an experienced technologist can identify the eggs of helminths or life-cycle stages of protozoa in properly collected stool specimens. There are, however, important parasitic infections that cannot be diagnosed by examination of a stool specimen. A definitive diagnosis of trichinosis or visceral larva migrans can only be made by means of tissue biopsy. An echinococcal cyst of the liver or lung is difficult to identify from a physical examination, chest roentgenogram or liver scan. Clinical toxoplasmosis and extraintestinal amebiasis may pose difficult diagnostic problems for the clinician since the parasites . . .
Dual Therapeutic Effects of Interferon-α Gene Therapy in a Rat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Kai-Wen Huang, Yung-Chi Huang, Kuo-Feng Tai, Bo-Hua Chen, Po-Huang Lee, Lih-Hwa Hwang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often arises from a background of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, in order to develop therapeutic strategies for HCC, an animal model bearing multifocal liver tumors accompanied by liver cirrhosis is a preferred experimental setting. In this study, we developed a rapid and reproducible method for generating such a model in rats by weekly administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at doses based on body weight (BW). By adjusting the duration of administration of DEN, the animals could be induced to develop HCC alone, or HCC and liver cirrhosis simultaneously. The latter model was used for evaluating the therapeutic effects of adenoviral delivery of interferon-α (IFN-α). Our results demonstrated that targeting of IFN-α expression to the liver significantly reduced liver tumor volume and ameliorated liver cirrhosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that IFN-α gene therapy induced immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic activities that were effective in the control of tumor growth, and reduced the expressions of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), leading to amelioration of liver cirrhosis. These results suggest that IFN-α gene therapy is a promising strategy to treat HCC patients who have concomitant liver cirrhosis.
The Skin in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.
Authors: Martin C. Mihm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972The Skin in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.Martin C. Mihm, M.D., Stanley J. Robboy, John D. Minna, M.D., Robert W. Colman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Martin C. Mihm, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Stanley J. RobboySearch for more papers by this author, John D. Minna, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert W. Colman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-870_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn a prospective study of 45 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, cutaneous manifestations heralded the onset of the syndrome in 33% and eventually appeared in 88% of the patients. Purpura and petechiae were the commonest lesions, although other important but generally unrecognized manifestations included palpable purpura (16%), purpura fulminans or gangrene (16%), acrocyanosis (15%), and hemorrhagic bullae (9%). In two cases nasal cyanosis that progressed to gangrene was associated with digital acrocyanosis. Histologic studies showed that fibrin thrombi in small cutaneous vessels were diagnostic features shared by lesions of all ages. Early lesions showed fibrin thrombi and hemorrhage but little... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Martin C. Mihm, M.D.; Stanley J. Robboy; John D. Minna, M.D.; Robert W. Colman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Boston, Mass., and Fort Knox, Ky. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 870-870KeywordsBlistersDisseminated intravascular coagulationFibrinHemorrhageLesionsProspective studies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Heat Shock Factor 1 in Protein Homeostasis and Oncogenic Signal Integration
Authors: Trisha Home, Roy A. Jensen, Rekha Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a stress-inducible transcription factor and has been described as a multi-faceted modulator of tumorigenesis. Heat shock, accumulation of misfolded proteins, or malignant transformation promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of HSF1, where it binds to the promoters of heat shock proteins and an array of nonheat shock-regulated proteins to upregulate their transcription. These stress-responsive and tumor-promoting genes in turn alter the ability of tumor cells to respond to a variety of stresses and enable them to thrive in less than favorable growth conditions. Although a direct role for HSF1 in promoting mRNA transcription of tumor-promoting genes has been suggested, it appears that this property is context- and cell-type dependent. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated a direct involvement of mTOR signaling in regulating HSF1-mediated transcription, thus establishing a direct link between protein translation and HSF1 activity. Interestingly, there is a growing understanding of the signaling pathways that are modulated by HSF1 in a variety of tumor types and the co-option of these survival pathways by HSF1 to promote tumorigenesis. This review will focus on the role of HSF1 in protein homeostasis and HSF1-mediated oncogenic signaling pathways that together promote tumorigenesis.
Mutations in<i>GNAL</i>
Authors: Kishore R. Kumar, Katja Lohmann, Ikuo Masuho, Ryosuke Miyamoto, Andreas Ferbert, Thora Lohnau, Meike Kasten, Johann Hagenah, Norbert Brüggemann, Julia Graf, Alexander Münchau, Vladimir S. Kostic, Carolyn M. Sue, Aloysius R. Domingo, Raymond L. Rosales, Lilian V. Lee, Karen Freimann, Ana Westenberger, Youhei Mukai, Toshitaka Kawarai, Ryuji Kaji, Christine Klein, Kirill A. Martemyanov, Alexander Schmidt
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Mutations in the GNAL gene have recently been shown to cause primary torsion dystonia. The GNAL-encoded protein (Gαolf) is important for dopamine D1 receptor function and odorant signal transduction. We sequenced all 12 exons of GNAL in 461 patients from Germany, Serbia, and Japan, including 318 patients with dystonia (190 with cervical dystonia), 51 with hyposmia and Parkinson disease, and 92 with tardive dyskinesia or acute dystonic reactions.We identified the following two novel heterozygous putative mutations in GNAL: p.Gly213Ser in a German patient and p.Ala353Thr in a Japanese patient. These variants were predicted to be pathogenic in silico, were absent in ethnically matched control individuals, and impaired Gαolf coupling to D1 receptors in a bioluminescence energy transfer (BRET) assay. Two additional variants appeared to be benign because they behaved like wild-type samples in the BRET assay (p.Ala311Thr) or were detected in ethnically matched controls (p.Thr92Ala). Both patients with likely pathogenic mutations had craniocervical dystonia with onset in the fifth decade of life. No pathogenic mutations were detected in the patients with hyposmia and Parkinson disease, tardive dyskinesias, or acute dystonic reactions.Mutations in GNAL can cause craniocervical dystonia in different ethnicities. The BRET assay may be a useful tool to support the pathogenicity of identified variants in the GNAL gene.
Efficacy and onset of action of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray on nasal symptoms, eosinophil count, and mediator release after nasal allergen challenge in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: D. Wang, F. Duyck, J. Smitz, P. Clement
Journal: Allergy (1998)

We studied the effect and onset of action of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) on mediator release and eosinophil accumulation in nasal secretions and on nasal symptoms of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis after nasal allergen challenge (NAC). At the end of the pollen season, 28 patients were randomized in a double-blind and crossover design to receive 7 days' treatment with FPANS (200 microg, once daily) and matching placebo. NACs were performed before and at 6 h and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days during treatment with FPANS or placebo. Nasal secretions were collected for a quantitative determination of mediators and eosinophil count before and 5 min after each challenge. Nasal symptoms were assessed by scales grading the severity of symptoms at the same time. Results showed that for mediator concentrations there was a significant decrease of leukotriene C4 (P<0.001) at 7 days after the first administration of FPANS as compared to placebo. Two days after FPANS, both eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentrations were lower than those of placebo (eosinophils: P=0.032; ECP: P=0.038). The onset became even more important at day 7 (eosinophils: P=0.001; ECP: P=0.009) during the FPANS treatment period. For the subjective nasal symptoms, a significant reduction of symptom scores for nasal obstruction occurred also at day 3 (P=0.017) and for sneezing at day 7 (P=0.003). There was not yet any significant improvement of the objective nasal airway resistance after the different NACs during the study period. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that topical fluticasone propionate is effective in the treatment of mucosal inflammation induced by NAC. For optimal control of nasal symptoms induced by repeated maximal allergen challenges, a treatment period of more than 1 week is required.
Genetic Enablers Underlying the Clustered Evolutionary Origins of C4 Photosynthesis in Angiosperms
Authors: Pascal-Antoine Christin, Mónica Arakaki, Colin P. Osborne, Erika J. Edwards
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

The evolutionary accessibility of novel adaptations varies among lineages, depending in part on the genetic elements present in each group. However, the factors determining the evolutionary potential of closely related genes remain largely unknown. In plants, CO2-concentrating mechanisms such as C4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis have evolved numerous times in distantly related groups of species, and constitute excellent systems to study constraints and enablers of evolution. It has been previously shown for multiple proteins that grasses preferentially co-opted the same gene lineage for C4 photosynthesis, when multiple copies were present. In this work, we use comparative transcriptomics to show that this bias also exists within Caryophyllales, a distantly related group with multiple C4 origins. However, the bias is not the same as in grasses and, when all angiosperms are considered jointly, the number of distinct gene lineages co-opted is not smaller than that expected by chance. These results show that most gene lineages present in the common ancestor of monocots and eudicots produced gene descendants that were recruited into C4 photosynthesis, but that C4-suitability changed during the diversification of angiosperms. When selective pressures drove C4 evolution, some copies were preferentially co-opted, probably because they already possessed C4-like expression patterns. However, the identity of these C4-suitable genes varies among clades of angiosperms, and C4 phenotypes in distant angiosperm groups thus represent genuinely independent realizations, based on different genetic precursors.
ON THE ELEMENTS OF PROGNOSIS AND OF THERAPEUSIS APEUSIS IN TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LARYNX.
Authors: J. SOLIS COHEN
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read to the Section on Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology, June, 1883.] While acknowledging the stern truth that the prognosis is always bad in tuberculosis of the larynx, it may be maintained that the prognosis is less unfavorable in certain groups of cases than in others; and that systematic therapeutic measures are capable of doing much more good in such cases than is generally admitted, even to the establishment of reparative processes in occasional instances. A case mentioned in the edition of 1879 of a treatise by myself on Diseases of the Throat and Nasal Passages, as having lived more than eight years after the re-establishment of comparative health, is still alive and doing well; and several others that have been under my observation have recovered so far as to resume their occupations, and maintain a tolerable degree of health, and of enjoyment of their impaired lives. The proportion of such
Relationships and distinctions in iron-regulatory networks responding to interrelated signals
Authors: Martina Muckenthaler, Alexandra Richter, Niki Gunkel, Dieter Riedel, Maria Polycarpou-Schwarz, Sabine Hentze, Mechthild Falkenhahn, Wolfgang Stremmel, Wilhelm Ansorge, Matthias W. Hentze
Journal: Blood (2003)