tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: D. R. Gamble, K. W. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A seasonal incidence in the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes in patients under 30 years of age has been suggested from the analysis of data derived from the clinic registers of two diabetic clinics. The increased incidence occurred in summer, autumn, and winter, with a peak in the autumn. A significant variation in annual totals of new cases of diabetes seen could not be demonstrated or excluded, but the pattern of the variation present showed significant positive correlation with the annual prevalence data for Coxsackie virus type B4, but not for other types of virus infection.
T cell-dependent mast cell degranulation and release of serotonin in murine delayed-type hypersensitivity.
Authors: P W Askenase, S Bursztajn, M D Gershon, R K Gershon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

We have previously suggested that the release of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) (5-HT) by local tissue mast cells is required for the elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. In the current study, light microscopic radioautographs from animals treated with [3H]5-HT indicated that local mast cells released 5-HT between 6 and 18 h during the evolution of DTH. Ultrastructural examination of mast cells revealed surface activation, indicated by extension of surface filopodia, and degranulation by fusion and exocytosis. Light and electron microscopic studies of the endothelium of postcapillary venules at sites of DTH revealed the development of gaps between adjacent cells. The development of gaps permitted extravasation of tracers that was abolished by depletion or antagonism of 5-HT. Thus mast cells degranulated and released 5-HT in DTH, and this 5-HT acted on local vessels. Recipients of nonadherent, non-immunoglobulin-bearing sensitized lymphocytes also demonstrated similar mast cell degranulation and the formation of endothelial gaps. This indicated that mast cell degranulation and 5-HT release in murine DTH were probably T cell dependent.
Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling in CD4+ T Lymphocytes Promotes T Helper 17 Responses and Regulates the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Joseph M. Reynolds, Bhanu P. Pappu, Juan Peng, Gustavo J. Martinez, Yongliang Zhang, Yeonseok Chung, Li Ma, Xuexian O. Yang, Roza I. Nurieva, Qiang Tian, Chen Dong
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Antibodies to basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans bind to the laminae rarae of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and induce subepithelial GBM thickening.
Authors: A Miettinen, J L Stow, S Mentone, M G Farquhar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Antibodies specific for the core protein of basement membrane HSPG (Mr = 130,000) were administered to rats by intravenous injection, and the pathologic consequences on the kidney were determined at 3 min to 2 mo postinjection. Controls were given antibodies against gp330 (the pathogenic antigen of Heymann nephritis) or normal rabbit IgG. The injected anti-HSPG(GBM) IgG disappeared rapidly (by 1 d) from the circulation. The urinary excretion of albumin increased in a dose-dependent manner during the first 4 d, was increased 10-fold at 1-2 mo, but remained moderate (mean = 12 mg/24 h). By immunofluorescence the anti-HSPG(GBM) was seen to bind rapidly (by 3 min) to all glomerular capillaries, and by immunoperoxidase staining the anti-HSPG was seen to bind exclusively to the laminae rarae of the GBM where it remained during the entire 2-mo observation period. C3 was detected in glomeruli immediately after the injection (3 min), where it bound exclusively to the lamina rara interna; the amount of C3 bound increased up to 2 h but decreased rapidly thereafter, and was not detectable after 4 d. Mononuclear and PMN leukocytes accumulated in glomerular capillaries, adhered to the capillary wall, and extended pseudopodia through the endothelial fenestrae to contact in the LRI of the GBM where the immune deposits and C3 were located. At 1 wk postinjection, staining for C3 reappeared in the glomeruli of some of the rats, and by this time most of the rats, including controls injected with normal rabbit IgG, had circulating anti-rabbit IgG (by ELISA) and linear deposits of rat IgG along the GBM (by immunofluorescence). Beginning at 9 d, there was progressive subepithelial thickening of the GBM which in some places was two to three times its normal width. This thickening was due to the laying down of a new layer of basement membrane-like material on the epithelial side of the GBM, which gradually displaced the old basement membrane layers toward the endothelium. The results show that the core proteins of this population of basement membrane HSPG (Mr = 130,000), which are ubiquitous components of basement membranes, are exposed to the circulation and can bind anti-HSPG(GBM) IgG in the laminae rarae of the GBM. Binding of these antibodies to the GBM leads to changes (C3 deposition, leukocyte adherence, moderate proteinuria, GBM thickening) considered typical of the acute phase of anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. Antibody binding interferes with the normal turnover of the GBM, presumably by affecting the biosynthesis and/or degradation of basement membrane components.
Increase of CD25 and RLA II Positive-Cells Population in Perivascular Infiltrate in Lungs from Ovalbumin (OVA) Sensitized and Challenged Rabbits
Authors: M.A. Vinuesa, G. Fontanella, N. Bassan, O. Soldano, S. Chaparro, N. Caviglia
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Abstract 2841: A SNP in the 3′-UTR of the MDMX gene is strongly correlated with decreased overall and disease-free survival in ovarian carcinoma patients in an estrogen-receptor-dependent manner
Authors: Anja Boehnke, Jessica Wynendale, Irina Lambertz, Anja Wolf, Stefanie Hammer, Elise Gradhand, Katharina Balschun, Steffen Hauptmann, Jean-Christophe Marine, Frank Bartel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The tumor suppressor p53 is inactivated in the vast majority of cancers, either by mutations of the p53 gene itself or by alterations of p53-regulating factors. The MDM2 homologue, MDMX, is another critical negative regulator of p53. Only a few data exist so far, demonstrating the clinical importance of SNPs in the MDMX gene. The aim of our study was therefore to perform sequencing analyses to identify mutations and/or SNPs in the MDMX gene. A single nucleotide polymorphism (A/C) was identified in the 3′-UTR, 31 bp downstream of the stop codon (SNP34091; rs4245739). In high-grade carcinomas, we found the SNP at a relatively high frequency in the wild-type (A/A) state (62.5%) and in 36% in the heterozygous (A/C) state compared with low-grade carcinomas (45.5%, 45.5%, respectively). The A-allele was associated with increased expression of the full-length MDMX-mRNA. Furthermore, tumors of females who were homozygous for the A-allele showed an increased expression of the MDMX protein. By Cox-regression analysis we found that in estrogen receptor negative tumors the A-allele of SNP34091 was strongly associated with an increased risk of recurrence (RR=8.2; p=0.009) and decreased overall survival time (RR=6.7; p=0.014). According to miRNA-databases the SNP34091 of the MDMX gene is a potential target of miR-191 if the C-allele is present. Therefore, we subsequently analyzed the impact of miR-191 on MDMX expression. We found that mimics of miR-191 resulted in a significantly decrease of MDMX protein levels in C/C ovarian carcinoma cells (Efo-21) but not in cells homozygous for the A-allele (OAW-42). Since MDMX-mRNA levels remained unchanged after transfection, we suggest that miR-191 blocks translation of the MDMX-mRNA and does not lead to its destabilization. These data show that the A-allele increases translation of the MDMX-mRNA which in turn results in a weakened p53-tumor suppressor pathway. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2841.
Abstract PR11: Doxorubicin enhances nucleosome turnover around active gene promoters
Authors: Fan Yang, Christopher J. Kemp, Steven Henikoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Doxorubicin (also known as Adriamycin) is a DNA intercalator that is among the most commonly used anti-cancer drugs. Doxorubicin causes DNA double-strand breaks in rapidly dividing cells, although whether it also affects general chromatin properties is unknown. Here, we use a metabolic labeling strategy for directly measuring nucleosome turnover to examine the effect of doxorubicin on chromatin dynamics in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from genetically defined mice. We find that doxorubicin enhances nucleosome turnover around promoters of active genes. Consistent with a direct action of doxorubicin, enhancement of nucleosome turnover around promoters gradually increases with time of exposure to the drug. Interestingly, enhancement occurs both in wild-type cells and in cells lacking the p53 tumor suppressor gene or the master regulator of the DNA damage response, Atm, suggesting that doxorubicin action on nucleosome dynamics is independent of the DNA damage checkpoint. In addition, another anthracycline intercalator, aclarubicin, shows similar effects on enhancing nucleosome turnover around promoters. Our results suggest that anthracycline intercalation promotes nucleosome turnover by its effect on DNA topology, with possible implications for cancer chemotherapies that combine traditional DNA intercalators with targeted epigenetic drugs. This abstract is also presented as Poster A48. Citation Format: Fan Yang, Christopher J. Kemp, Steven Henikoff. Doxorubicin enhances nucleosome turnover around active gene promoters. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr PR11.
Abstract 113: Aberrant DNA methylation of the HIF-1α inhibitor gene CITED4 in breast cancer
Authors: Katie T. Huang, Elena A. Takano, Thomas Mikeska, David J. Byrne, Alexander Dobrovic, Stephen B. Fox
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 4 (CITED4) inhibits the interaction between HIF-1α and p300/CBP thereby reducing expression of downstream hypoxia responsive genes. Since we have previously shown that diminished levels of nuclear CITED4 as a consequence of down-regulation or translocation to the cytoplasm are correlated with HIF-1α elevation in breast cancer, we hypothesized that either hypermethylation or somatic mutation of the CITED4 gene may also underlie elevated HIF-1α levels in breast tumors. CITED4 DNA methylation and mutation were analyzed in 168 breast carcinoma samples and 23 cancer cell lines using methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) and DNA sequencing, respectively. Although no somatic CITED4 mutation was found, there was evidence of CITED4 promoter region methylation in five breast carcinoma samples, and three breast cancer cell lines (heterogeneously methylated in Hs578T and MDA-MB-231, and fully methylated in MDA-MB-453). There was a significant association between low CITED4 mRNA and high methylation in Hs578T (P = 0.0001) and MDA-MB-231 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and no expression was found in fully methylated cell line MDA-MB-453. Methylated CITED4 breast cancer cell lines were treated with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (DAC) and/or trichostatin A to evaluate the regulation of CITED4 expression through DNA methylation. CITED4 expression was re-expressed in fully methylated MDA-MB-453 cell line and increased expression in MDA-MB-231 (21.9-fold) and Hs578T (4.9-fold) after DAC mediated demethylation, and treatment with trichostatin A alone also resulted in increased CITED4 expression. A synergistic effect was seen after the combined treatment of DAC and trichostatin A. Furthermore, re-expressed CITED4 expression after DAC treatment may reduce HIF-1α and its downstream genes activity. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line treated with DAC under hypoxia (0.1% oxygen) and demonstrated the downregulation of HIF-1α downstream genes VEGFA and SLC2A1 (P = 0.0029) when compared with the untreated MDA-MB-231 cell line under hypoxia. Immunohistochemstry also demonstrated that HIF-1α and downstream CA9 levels had decreased after CITED4 re-expressed under the hypoxic condition from 23% of positive staining in control to 10% after DAC treatment for HIF-1α and from 5 % to 3% for CA9. These data suggest that, CITED4 gene expression can be epigenetically silenced through DNA methylation in breast cancer, which may enhance the activity of HIF in developing aggressive breast cancer phenotypes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 113. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-113
PATHOLOGIC PHYSIOLOGY, A NEGLECTED FIELD.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION ON PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, AT THE FIFTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PORTLAND, ORE., JULY 11-14, 1905.
Authors: WINFIELD S. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Not many generations ago physiology was taught in connection with anatomy only, and was a simple statement of the functions, as then understood, of the various structures described by the anatomist. It was Haller, who in his "Elements of Physiology,"<sup>1</sup>outlined the field of physiology and clearly established the boundary line between that subject and anatomy. Since Haller's time physiology has been recognized as a separate branch of medicine and soon after the publication of Haller's Elements, provision began to be made by the medical faculties for the teaching of this subject in a separate department. Begun as an appendage of normal human anatomy, it continued as normal human physiology, gradually broadening into animal and plant physiology. Great as has been the activity in thefield of morphology, that in the field of physiology has been scarcely less until the mass of facts and principles of physiology already firmly established
Low-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus - an innocent bystander? Pro
Authors: S. Wani, W. Choi, P. Sharma
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Barrett’s esophagus, a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, is well-established as a premalignant condition for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Esophageal carcinogenesis is a multistep process in which patients progress from intestinal metaplasia with no dysplasia through increasing grades of dysplasia to invasive cancer, a progression that occurs in a probabilistic rather than a deterministic manner [1] [2].
Mutations in the nonstructural protein 5A gene and virological response to interferon in Turkish patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus type 1b
Authors: H. Akkiz, Salih Colakoglu, Yilmaz Ergun, Macit Sandikci, Mehmet Serin, Murat Oksuz, Fatih Isiksal, Fatim Kacak, B. Abayli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
NEUROPATHIC ARTHROPATHIES— CHARCOT'S SPINE
Authors: JOHN RIDLON
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Funsten,<sup>1</sup>in reporting a single case of tabetic Charcot's spine, called attention to the rarity of this condition, stating that as late as the twentieth century it was possible to compile only fifteen cases from the literature, and that only one of these occurred in America. Shortly after the appearance of Funsten's article, we were rather surprised to have two patients with Charcot spines come into the office on the same day. This occasion brought to our attention several other cases, and it was decided that if they are such a rare condition, the following cases and the orthopedic treatment, as observed by one of us (J. R.) during almost half a century of orthopedic work, should be reported. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —C. W., a man, aged 71, admitted to the Presbyterian Hospital under the care of Dr. Phemister, Sept. 5, 1916, had been in the hospital
A MOISTURE-RETAINING TEST TUBE
Authors: W. W. Bacon
Journal: JAMA (1927)

As a result of the dryness of the air in the southwestern Rocky Mountain section of the country, solid bateriologic mediums tend to dry out very rapidly, necessitating frequent transplantations to fresh, moist mediums. This drying out is an especial handicap in the case of cultures of slow growing micro-organisms, such as the tubercle bacillus, which must be incubated for long periods. Agar slant cultures of tubercle bacilli in standard test tubes frequently dry out before there is any appreciable growth. In an attempt to overcome this difficulty, the moisture-retaining test tube illustrated in the diagram was devised. The test tube can be made by fusing an outer pyrex cylinder, 2½ by 1⅝ inches, on an inner upper pyrex cylinder 1½ by 7/8 inches, and on an inner, lower pyrex cylinder of the same diameter, 5 inches long and sealed at the bottom. A less compact tube can be made by fusing a water jacket on a common 7 inch test tube.
The Kepone Episode: Another Warning
Authors: John M. Peters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Man is resilient and nature forgiving, but both can be overwhelmed by carelessness and ignorance. The part of the Kepone story told in this issue of the Journal (p. 243) is a testimony to modern science; the whole Kepone story is testimony to modern man's inability to provide rational policy in prevention. For 16 months beginning in February, 1974, Kepone was produced by Life Science Products Company in a converted gas station in Hopewell, Virginia, under conditions where little or no attention was paid to basic industrial hygiene practice, thus allowing the workers to come into dermal, respiratory and probably . . .
Technology Transfer and Continuity of Care by a “Consultant”
Authors: Thomas L. Petty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

On Being a Doctor4 April 2000Technology Transfer and Continuity of Care by a “Consultant”Thomas L. Petty, MDThomas L. Petty, MDDenver, CO 80218 (Petty)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-7-200004040-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Even though I was taught in medical school more than 40 years ago that nothing could be done for emphysema and advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, I never accepted that dogma. My beliefs were confirmed when we began to observe the tremendous clinical and physiologic benefits of long-term oxygen therapy delivered by a newly available liquid portable system. Soon, oxygen therapy became integrated into a program of pulmonary rehabilitation. Pulmonary rehabilitation was slow to take hold and was usually carried out in a program supervised by pulmonologists. As controlled clinical trials proved the value of long-term oxygen therapy in increasing ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver, CO 80218 (Petty)Corresponding Author: Thomas L. Petty, MD, HealthONE, Center for Health Sciences Education, Denver, CO 80218. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 April 2000Volume 132, Issue 7Page: 587-588KeywordsDyspneaElderlyEmphysemaEnd of life careMorphineOxygenPharmacistsPneumoniaPrimary care physiciansRivers ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 4 April 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Rosuvastatin prevented major cardiovascular events in persons with elevated C-reactive protein
Authors: Denise L. Campbell-Scherer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club20 January 2009Rosuvastatin prevented major cardiovascular events in persons with elevated C-reactive proteinDenise L. Campbell-Scherer, MD, PhD, Victor M. Montori, MD, MScDenise L. Campbell-Scherer, MD, PhDUniversity of Michigan, Flint, Michigan, USA (D.L.C.)Search for more papers by this author, Victor M. Montori, MD, MScMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (V.M.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationRidker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2195-207. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18997196Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: References1 Montori VM, Devereaux PJ, Adhikari NK, et al. Randomized trials stopped early for benefit: a systematic review. JAMA. 2005;294:2203-9. [PMID: 16264162] Google Scholar2 Jackevicius CA, Mamdani M, Tu JV. Adherence with statin therapy in elderly patients with and without acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2002;288:462-7. [PMID: 12132976] Google Scholar3 Wilson PW, Pencina M, Jacques P, et al. C-reactive protein and reclassification of cardiovascular risk in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. 2008;1:92-7. Google Scholar4 Weymiller AJ, Montori VM, Jones LA, et al. Helping patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus make treatment decisions: statin choice randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1076-82. [PMID: 17533211] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Michigan, Flint, Michigan, USA (D.L.C.)Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (V.M.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 January 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPotential role for statins in sickle cell disease 20 January 2009Volume 150, Issue 2Page: JC1-4KeywordsC-reactive proteinsElderlyHospitalizationsHyperlipidemiaMyocardial infarctionRevascularizationSafetyStatinsUnstable angina ePublished: 20 January 2009 Issue Published: 20 January 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pulmonary complications of HIV infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Role of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage.
Authors: C L Daley, F Mugusi, L L Chen, D M Schmidt, P M Small, E Bearer, E Aris, I M Mtoni, J P Cegielski, G Lallinger, I Mbaga, J F Murray
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To determine the pulmonary complications in HIV-1-infected patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage, we carried out a prospective study of 237 patients with acute respiratory disease who were hospitalized at Muhimbili Medical Center (MMC). Diagnoses were made using well-defined criteria. Of the total, 127 (54%) were HIV-1-seropositive and 110 (46%) were seronegative. Tuberculosis was the most common diagnosis occurring in 95 (75%) HIV-1-seropositive and 87 (79%) seronegative patients. Bacterial pneumonia was the next most common diagnosis occurring in 18 (14%) HIV-1-seropositive and 17 (15%) seronegative patients. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in one and Kaposi's sarcoma was seen in only two HIV-1-seropositive patients. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was the sole source of a diagnosis in nine (8%) seropositive and six (5%) seronegative patients. We conclude that the HIV seroprevalence rate among patients hospitalized for acute respiratory disease at MMC is extremely high. Tuberculosis was the most common cause of pulmonary disease, regardless of HIV serostatus, and other HIV-associated opportunistic pulmonary infections were unusual. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage added little to the diagnosis and thus should not be high-priority procedures for the routine workup in resource-poor areas where tuberculosis is endemic.