tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short-Term and Long-Term Results of Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Achalasia: 12 Years’ Experience
Authors: K. C. Chan, S. K. Wong, D. W. Lee, W. L. Mui, A. C. Chan, E. K. Ng, J. C. Wu, J. J. Sung, S. C. Chung
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

This retrospective study reports 12 years' experience with pneumatic dilation treatment in patients with achalasia and attempts to define factors capable of predicting failure of endoscopic dilation.Consecutive patients with achalasia who received endoscopic balloon dilation were studied retrospectively. Repeat dilation was carried out if dysphagia persisted or recurred. A structured symptom score questionnaire (the Eckardt score) was conducted by phone with patients who had received dilation and had been followed up for more than 2 years. Failure was defined as the presence of significant dysphagic symptoms after more than two repeat dilations. Data for the first 2 years (short-term) and for the subsequent follow-up (long-term) were analyzed.From 1989 to 2001, 66 patients underwent endoscopic balloon dilation for achalasia; three perforations (4.5 %) occurred, with no mortalities. Dysphagic symptoms significantly improved 12 weeks after the procedure ( P < 0.05). Fourteen patients (20 %) required a second dilation procedure within a median of 7 months (range 1 - 52 months), and 13 of them underwent repeat dilations within the first 2 years. Five patients (7.5 %) required further surgical or endoscopic therapy. Fifty-eight patients received pneumatic dilation for more than 2 years; 32 (55 %) responded to the questionnaire. The mean dysphagia score was 1.7 (SD 1.2), with only five patients (16 %) having significant dysphagic symptoms during a median follow-up period of 55 months (range 26 - 130 months). The cumulative success rates for pneumatic dilation after 5 and 19 years were 74 % and 62 %, respectively. Cox regression analysis identified small balloon size (30 mm) as the only significant factor capable of predicting failure of endoscopic dilation ( P = 0.009; relative risk 5.3; 95 % confidence interval, 1.7 to 40.9).Endoscopic balloon dilation is an effective treatment for achalasia, with minimal morbidity (60 % experience long-term benefit).
Donor genomics influence graft events: The effect of donor polymorphisms on acute rejection and chronic allograft nephropathy
Authors: Steven Hoffmann, Jenny Park, Lynn M. Jacobson, Rebecca J. Muehrer, David Lorentzen, David Kleiner, Yolanda T. Becker, Debra A. Hullett, Roslyn Mannon, Allan D. Kirk, Bryan N. Becker
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
CAN TYPHOID FEVER BE ABORTED—THE ANSWER.
Authors: J. E. WOODBRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

There are departments in medicine of which it may be truly said that "reasoning is deceptive;" in which actual experience gives the only light by which our footsteps may be guided; in which the clinical experience of a single observer, who has been wisely taught and has wisely followed the teaching, is of greater value as evidence of the justness of a conclusion, than is the subtlest reasoning of the most astute logician. This is eminently true of the subject which is presented for your consideration today. The question which forms the title of this paper can be correctly and forcefully answered only by those who can speak from bedside experience. The subject has already been fully and ably discussed, every imaginable argument has been adduced to establish a negative, but the force of most of these has already been broken by the silent footfalls of advancing science. The effect
Environmental health and Hispanic children.
Authors: R Metzger, J L Delgado, R Herrell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

There are numerous indicators that Hispanics face a disproportionate risk of exposure to environmental hazards. Ambient air pollution, worker exposure to chemicals, indoor air pollution, and drinking water quality are among the top four threats to human health and are all areas in which indicators point to elevated risk for Hispanic populations. These data, juxtaposed with data on the health status of Hispanics, tell us that the environmental health status of Hispanics and their children is poor. At the same time, significant inadequacies in the collection of data on Hispanics make it difficult to make improving Hispanic environmental health status a priority. These inadequacies include the failure to use Hispanic identifiers in data collection and failure to collect sample sizes large enough to allow for breakouts of data by Hispanic subgroup. In addressing environmental justice issues, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) should prioritize improving the quantifiability of environmental exposures and risk based on race or ethnicity. However, improving data should not be the prerequisite to significant, affirmative steps by DHHS and U.S. EPA to address environmental and environmental health problems facing Hispanic communities. In particular, a health-based approach to environmental justice should be the priority.
Limiting prescribable NHS drugs
Authors: R. G Priest
Journal: BMJ (1984)

of many young coloured people born and educated in the United Kingdom that discrimination exists within the medical schools.Other questions arise.Do these figures indicate a variation in the number of applications to individual schools or are they a consequence of unofficial policy that reflects racial discrimination based on name itself?Do medical schools try to reflect the racial mix of the community they serve in their intake?What percentage of applicants are successful and how do they compare for academic achievement both before and after admission ?Only the schools themselves can enlighten us, since the Universities Central Council for Admissions has been unable to provide the information.3If Dr McManus and Professor Richards hope to scrutinise the fairness of the selection process then they should ensure that such information is made available, at least for their own school.
The role of serpinb9/serine protease inhibitor 6 in preventing granzyme B-dependent hepatotoxicity
Authors: Heather W. Stout-Delgado, Yonas Getachew, Thomas E. Rogers, Bonnie C. Miller, Dwain L. Thiele
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Virally infected hepatocytes are resistant to cytotoxic lymphocyte killing by perforin-dependent and granzyme-dependent effector mechanisms. The present studies were designed to examine the role of serine protease inhibitor 6 (SPI-6) in limiting granzyme B–dependent cytotoxic effector mechanisms in the liver. SPI-6–specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) administration to C57Bl/6J (B6) mice elicited transient alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations that were not observed in either granzyme B–deficient B6 (B6. gzmb −/−) or natural killer (NK) cell–depleted B6 mice. When SPI-6 expression was abolished by siRNA administration at the time of infection with a recombinant, replication-deficient adenovirus [E1-deleted adenovirus encoding β-galactosidase (AdCMV - LacZ )], earlier and dramatically increased, and earlier ALT elevations were observed in wild-type B6 but not in B6. gzmb −/− or NK cell–depleted mice. When a 3-fold higher dose of AdCMV - LacZ was administered to B6 mice, the coadministration of SPI-6 siRNA resulted in the early onset of lethal, acute liver failure. Of note, the accelerated clearance of AdCMV - LacZ was observed in recipients of SPI-6 siRNA. Conclusion: These results indicate that the regulated expression of SPI-6 in hepatocytes during viral infection or following noninfectious causes of liver injury protects hepatocytes against excessively vigorous granzyme B–dependent killing but may also delay immune clearance of virally infected hepatocytes.
Antiphospholipid antibodies induce translocation of TLR7 and TLR8 to the endosome in human monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Nadine Prinz, Natascha Clemens, Dennis Strand, Inge Pütz, Mareike Lorenz, Andreas Daiber, Pamela Stein, Adriana Degreif, Markus Radsak, Hansjörg Schild, Stefan Bauer, Philipp von Landenberg, Karl J. Lackner
Journal: Blood (2011)
Tube introducer and modified Celestin tube for use in palliative intubation of oesophagogastric neoplasms at fibreoptic endoscopy.
Authors: M Atkinson, R Ferguson, G C Parker
Journal: Gut (1978)

A new method for palliative intubation of inoperable neoplasms at or near the cardia is described. A guidewire is passed through the stricture, which is dilated using Eder Puestow metal olive dilators. The tube to be inserted is mounted on an introducer, which grips its distal end from inside, and is slid into position along the wire under radiological control. Twenty-five patients have been intubated with one death directly resulting from the procedure. The method provides a simple and relatively safe means of relieving dysphagia and improving nutrition.
When the Urine is Red
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

RED URINE to all but the color blind is an attention-getting event. The patient is likely to seek help quickly but will seldom bring the urine with him. Questions about color often yield colorful answers that leave the physician tinged with uncertainty. The first rule follows: try hard to obtain a sample of the discolored urine. The corollary of this rule is to interpret the word "red" loosely enough to encompass orange, pink, red, brown, and black. The inclusion of brown-black allows for situations in which contact with urine changes blood pigments into differently colored derivatives. Assuming that one obtains the sample of red urine, the second rule is invoked: separate the possibilities into heme pigments (positive occult blood tests) and all others (negative occult blood tests). There are three clinical possibilities—hematuria (RBCs), hemoglobinuria (from an elevated plasma hemoglobin), and myoglobinuria (from skeletal muscle damage). <h3>Hematuria</h3> The easiest to recognize
Commentary: The importance of patients' consent for publication
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Motivation</h3> The rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has lowered the barriers to genomic data generation, resulting in millions of samples sequenced across diverse experimental designs. The growing volume and heterogeneity of these sequencing data complicate the further optimization of methods for identifying DNA variation, especially considering that curated highconfidence variant call sets commonly used to evaluate these methods are generally developed by reference to results from the analysis of comparatively small and homogeneous sample sets. <h3>Results</h3> We have developed xAtlas, an application for the identification of single nucleotide variants (SNV) and small insertions and deletions (indels) in NGS data. xAtlas is easily scalable and enables execution and retraining with rapid development cycles. Generation of variant calls in VCF or gVCF format from BAM or CRAM alignments is accomplished in less than one CPU-hour per 30× short-read human whole-genome. The retraining capabilities of xAtlas allow its core variant evaluation models to be optimized on new sample data and user-defined truth sets. Obtaining SNV and indels calls from xAtlas can be achieved more than 40 times faster than established methods while retaining the same accuracy. <h3>Availability</h3> Freely available under a BSD 3-clause license at https://github.com/jfarek/xatlas. <h3>Contact</h3> farek@bcm.edu <h3>Supplementary information</h3> Supplementary data are available at <i>Bioinformatics</i> online.
Effects of Promoting Longer-term and Exclusive Breastfeeding on Adiposity and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I at Age 11.5 Years
Authors: Richard M. Martin, Rita Patel, Michael S. Kramer, Lauren Guthrie, Konstantin Vilchuck, Natalia Bogdanovich, Natalia Sergeichick, Nina Gusina, Ying Foo, Tom Palmer, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Matthew W. Gillman, George Davey Smith, Emily Oken
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Evidence that longer-term and exclusive breastfeeding reduces child obesity risk is based on observational studies that are prone to confounding.To investigate effects of an intervention to promote increased duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding on child adiposity and circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, which regulates growth.Cluster-randomized controlled trial in 31 Belarusian maternity hospitals and their affiliated clinics, randomized into 1 of 2 groups: breastfeeding promotion intervention (n = 16) or usual practices (n = 15). Participants were 17,046 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs enrolled in 1996 and 1997, of whom 13,879 (81.4%) were followed up between January 2008 and December 2010 at a median age of 11.5 years.Breastfeeding promotion intervention modeled on the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund).Body mass index (BMI), fat and fat-free mass indices (FMI and FFMI), percent body fat, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, overweight and obesity, and whole-blood IGF-I. Primary analysis was based on modified intention-to-treat (without imputation), accounting for clustering within hospitals and clinics.The experimental intervention substantially increased breastfeeding duration and exclusivity when compared with the control (43% vs 6% exclusively breastfed at 3 months and 7.9% vs 0.6% at 6 months). Cluster-adjusted mean differences in outcomes at 11.5 years of age between experimental vs control groups were: 0.19 (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.46) for BMI; 0.12 (-0.03 to 0.28) for FMI; 0.04 (-0.11 to 0.18) for FFMI; 0.47% (-0.11% to 1.05%) for percent body fat; 0.30 cm (-1.41 to 2.01) for waist circumference; -0.07 mm (-1.71 to 1.57) for triceps and -0.02 mm (-0.79 to 0.75) for subscapular skinfold thicknesses; and -0.02 standard deviations (-0.12 to 0.08) for IGF-I. The cluster-adjusted odds ratio for overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 85th vs <85th percentile) was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.39) and for obesity (BMI ≥ 95th vs <85th percentile) was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.41).AND RELEVANCE Among healthy term infants in Belarus, an intervention that succeeded in improving the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding did not prevent overweight or obesity, nor did it affect IGF-I levels at age 11.5 years. Breastfeeding has many advantages but population strategies to increase the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding are unlikely to curb the obesity epidemic.isrctn.org: ISRCTN37687716; and clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01561612.
Dialysis Versus Transplantation in the Treatment of End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: J P Merrill
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1978)

Both dialysis and kidney transplantation are effective techniques for prolonging life in ESRD. Because dialysis therapy does not effect replacement of the metabolic functions of the kidney, it is less tha perfect. Successful transplantation that replaces all of the aspects of renal function is the treatment of choice. Successful transplantation is highly dependent upon the availability of a suitable donor and the appropriate tissue match, which remains a problem. Present immunosuppressive therapy required to prevent the immunoresponse causing rejection of the renal allograft is a tool too dull for the job. Since all immunoresponse is suppressed, infections are common, as are the multiple complications of cortical steroid therapy. For the dialysis patient, development of more compact effective dialysis apparatus and particularly the availability of replacement therapy hold promise. New approaches to diminishing the immune response to the graft without impairing that to microorganisms may well effect improvement in graft survival as will increasing knowledge of factors other than HLA antigens in the immunologic reaction. Development of an effective method for arresting the progress of glomerulonephritis before it reaches end-stage renal failure would obviate the necessity for dialysis or transplant therapy in appoximately two thirds of ESRD patients.
Reliable gastric tonometry after coronary artery surgery: need for acid secretion suppression despite transient failure of acid secretion
Authors: J. L. Bams, J. J. Kolkman, M. P. Roukens, D. P. N. Douma, B. G. Loef, S. G. M. Meuwissen, A. B. J. Groeneveld
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1998)
Biotechnology and the Human Good
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABC of Rheumatology: PAIN IN THE HAND AND WRIST
Authors: M. Shipley
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Objective</h3> To identify factors that contribute to missed cataract surgery follow-up visits, with an emphasis on socioeconomic and demographic factors. <h3>Methods</h3> In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent cataract extraction by phacoemulsification at Massachusetts Eye and Ear between 1 January and 31 December 2014 were reviewed. Second eye cases, remote and international patients, patients with foreign insurance and combined cataract cases were excluded. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1931 cases were reviewed and 1089 cases, corresponding to 3267 scheduled postoperative visits, were included. Of these visits, 157 (4.8%) were missed. Three (0.3%) postoperative day 1, 40 (3.7%) postoperative week 1 and 114 (10.5%) postoperative month 1 visits were missed. Age&lt;30 years (adjusted OR (aOR)=8.2, 95% CI 1.9 to 35.2) and ≥90 years (aOR=5.7, 95% CI 2.0 to 15.6) compared with patients aged 70–79 years, estimated travel time of &gt;2 hours (aOR=3.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 7.4), smokers (aOR=2.7, 95% CI 1.6 to 4.8) and complications identified up to the postoperative visit (aOR=1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1) predicted a higher rate of missed visits. Ocular comorbidities (aOR=0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0) and previous visit best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/50–20/80 (aOR=0.4, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.7) and 20/90–20/200 (aOR=0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.9), compared with BCVA at the previous visit of 20/40 or better, predicted a lower rate of missed visits. Gender, race/ethnicity, language, education, income, insurance, alcohol use and season of the year were not associated with missed visits. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Medical factors and demographic characteristics, including patient age and distance from the hospital, are associated with missed follow-up visits in cataract surgery. Additional studies are needed to identify disparities in cataract postoperative care that are population-specific. This information can contribute to the implementation of policies and interventions for addressing them.
Bradykinin-Induced Vasodilation of Human Coronary Arteries In Vivo: Role of Nitric Oxide and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
Authors: Takeshi Kuga, Masahiro Mohri, Kensuke Egashira, Yoji Hirakawa, Tatsuya Tagawa, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Abstract 2581: Curcubitacin B exhibits cytotoxic effects by inhibiting ILK-Paxillin signaling in breast cancer cells
Authors: Parul Gupta, Sanjay K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Integrins are known to play an important role in promotion of cell motility and survival though activation of Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) signaling. Therefore ILK has been an attractive target to inhibit metastasis and tumor growth. Curcubitacin B (CuB) is a steroidal class of chemical present in the plants belonging to cucurbitaceae family. CuB has shown cytotoxic potential in several cancers by causing G2/M cell cycle arrest and inhibition of JAK/STAT3 pathway. However, the exact mechanism of CuB and its role in metastasis is not known. Integrins transmit cell survival signals through ILK-Paxillin complex and further play role in activating AKT signaling. This cascade ultimately works through the activation of Rho kinases like ROCK1 and RhoA. Our results show that CuB significantly suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. CuB also induced apoptosis and down-regulated ILK1 expression. In addition, CuB suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473, paxillin at Tyr118 and down-regulated ROCK1 protein expression. Previous studies have shown that heregulin, a ligand of HER2 induces paxillin expression, indicating a correlation between HER2 and paxillin. Interestingly we observed significant downregulation of paxillin in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells, suggesting that CuB is equally effective in HER2 overexpressing tumor cells. Taken together our results indicate the anti-cancer effects of CuB in breast cancer cells by targeting paxillin, ILK and ROCK. Further detailed mechanistic work is in progress. [Supported in part by R01 grants CA106953 and CA129038 (to S.K.S) awarded by the National Cancer Institute]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2581. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2581
Reply to S. Goel et al and P.A. Kavsak et al
Authors: Daniela Cardinale, Alessandro Colombo, Rosalba Torrisi, Maria T. Sandri, Maurizio Civelli, Michela Salvatici, Giuseppina Lamantia, Nicola Colombo, Sarah Cortinovis, Maria A. Dessanai, Franco Nolè, Fabrizio Veglia, Carlo M. Cipolla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Antiphospholipid antibody in localised scleroderma
Authors: S Sato
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To investigate the prevalence and clinical correlation of antiphospholipid antibodies in localised scleroderma.Antibodies against cardiolipin (aCL) or beta(2)-glycoprotein I were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 48 patients with localised scleroderma (18 patients with generalised morphoea, 20 with linear scleroderma, and 10 with morphoea). Twenty one of these patients were investigated for lupus anticoagulant (LAC) by screening and confirmatory coagulation tests.Patients with generalised morphoea, the severest form of localised scleroderma, had significantly raised levels of IgM or IgG aCL relative to normal controls (n=21) and patients with systemic sclerosis (n=20). The IgM isotype was predominant, with the frequency of IgM aCL (61%) higher than that of IgG aCL (28%). Levels of aCL were similar for patients with linear scleroderma or morphoea and normal controls. IgM aCL were associated with a greater number of lesions, especially plaque lesions, wider distribution of lesions, and the presence of immunological abnormalities including antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, IgM antihistone antibodies, IgG anti-single stranded DNA antibodies, and raised serum interleukin 6 levels in patients with localised scleroderma. LAC was detected in 5/7 (71%) patients with generalised morphoea. However, pulmonary embolism was seen in only one patient with generalised morphoea. None of patients with localised scleroderma exhibited anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I antibodies.These results suggest that aCL and LAC are the major autoantibodies in patients with generalised morphoea.