tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Arnold S. Relman, Drummond Rennie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program was enacted by Congress in 1972 to provide Medicare funding for the treatment of chronic renal failure in all patients who required it and could presumably benefit from it. Eligibility was supposed to be determined solely by medical need. With financial barriers to treatment removed, it was thought that the number of patients in the ESRD program would increase rapidly, approaching a final level that would reflect chiefly the incidence of terminal renal failure and the average length of survival of patients under treatment.In the eight years since the law took effect, . . .
Nitric oxide biology: implications for cardiovascular therapeutics
Authors: J. B Warren, F. Pons, A. J B Brady
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Nitric oxide biology: implications for cardiovascular therapeutics Get access John B Warren, John B Warren Department of Applied Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom: J B Warren, A J B Brady; Sandoz Forschungsinstitut, Brunner Strasse 59, Vienna, Austria: F Pons. Correspondence to Dr Warren. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Françoise Pons, Françoise Pons Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Adrian J B Brady Adrian J B Brady Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 25–30, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.1.25 Published: 01 January 1994 Article history Received: 29 July 1993 Accepted: 30 September 1993 Published: 01 January 1994
Effects of rapamycin, cyclosporin A, and dexamethasone on interleukin 5‐induced eosinophil degranulation and prolonged survival
Authors: Q. Meng, S. Ying, C. J. Corrigan, M. Wakelin, B. Assoufi, R. Moqbel, A. B. Kay
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) enhances eosinophil degranulation and prolongs eosinophil survival. Rapamycin, cyclosporin A, and dexamethasone have been shown to influence either cytokine transcription, cytokine‐mediated signalling, or degranulation by granulocytes. The study aimed to determine whether these agents inhibited IL‐5‐enhanced eosinophil survival or degranulation. Peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated from atopic subjects. The effects of serial dilutions (10 −6 ‐10 −9 M) of these drugs or vehicle control on 1) the viability of eosinophils cultured (1–5 days) in the presence and absence of recombinant human IL‐5, as measured by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry, and 2) degranulation of eosinophils preincubated (45 min) with rhIL‐5 or medium control, as measured by eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) release after stimulation with serum‐coated Sephadex beads, were assessed. Dexamethasone and rapamycin produced significant, concentration‐dependent inhibition of IL‐5‐enhanced eosinophil survival at pharmacologic concentrations, whereas cyclosporin A did not. Prior incubation of eosinophils with IL‐5, as compared with medium control, significantly enhanced ECP release by eosinophils on subsequent exposure to serum‐coated Sephadex beads. Cyclosporin A and rapamycin significantly inhibited IL‐5‐enhanced ECP release in a concentration‐dependent fashion, whereas dexamethasone did not. All three drugs had no significant effect on eosinophil survival and degranulation in the absence of IL‐5. Our results suggest that immunosuppressive drugs may inhibit IL‐5‐mediated mechanisms in eosinophils which result in enhanced survival and release of granule contents. These findings may be relevant to the further development of therapeutic strategies in allergic diseases.
A rare presentation of a ruptured bronchial artery aneurysm
Authors: A Chatterjee
Journal: Thorax (2004)

A rare presentation of a ruptured bronchial artery aneurysm A fit 59 year old man with no past medical history of respiratory diseases presented with chest pain and bilateral pleural effusions.On arrival at the specialist thoracic unit his haemoglobin was 7.2 g/l.A CT scan (fig 1) and selective arteriography (fig 2) confirmed an acute bilateral haemothorax secondary to a ruptured bronchial artery aneurysm of the distal segment of the right bronchial artery just below the level of the carina.The patient was treated with bilateral intercostal chest drainage and the aneurysm was successfully treated with coil embolisation.He was discharged home on day 8 and a repeat CT scan before his discharge revealed almost total regression of the haemothoraces and no enhancement of the aneurysm.
Context Bias
Authors: Thomas K. P. Egglin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To determine whether radiologists' interpretations of images are biased by their context and by prevalence of disease in other recently observed cases.A test set of 24 right pulmonary arteriograms with a 33% prevalence of pulmonary emboli (PE) was assembled and embedded in 2 larger groups of films. Group A contained 16 additional arteriograms, all showing PE involving the right lung, so that total prevalence was 60%. Group B contained 16 additional arteriograms without PE so that total prevalence was 20%. Six radiologists were randomly assigned to see either group first and then "cross over" to review the other group after a hiatus of at least 8 weeks. The direction of changes in a 5-point rating scale for the 2 readings of each film in the test set was compared with the sign test; mean sensitivity, specificity, and areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared with the paired t test.In the context of group A's higher disease prevalence, radiologists shifted more of their diagnoses toward higher suspicion than expected by chance (P=.03, sign test). In group A, mean sensitivity for diagnosing PE was significantly higher (75% vs 60%; P=.04), and area under the ROC curve was significantly larger (0.88 vs 0.82; P=.02).Radiologists' diagnoses are significantly influenced by the context of interpretation, even when spectrum and verification bias are avoided. This "context bias" effect is unique to the evaluation of subjectively interpreted tests, and illustrates the difficulty of obtaining unbiased estimates of diagnostic accuracy for both new and existing technologies.
ACE Inhibition in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gary S. Francis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

An important article in this issue of the Journal describes the results of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study, which are likely to have important implications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.1 The findings indicate that ramipril, an angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, substantially lowers the risk of death, heart attack, stroke, coronary revascularization, heart failure, and complications related to diabetes mellitus in a high-risk group of patients with preexisting vascular disease. The study was stopped early by the data and safety monitoring board because of the obvious benefit of ramipril. The results are remarkable both for the magnitude of the . . .
Clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in human melanoma metastases after treatment with a hapten-modified autologous tumor vaccine.
Authors: M Sensi, C Farina, C Maccalli, R Lupetti, G Nicolini, A Anichini, G Parmiani, D Berd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Metastatic melanoma patients treated with an autologous DNP-modified tumor cell vaccine develop inflammatory responses in metastatic tumors characterized by infiltration of CD8+ T cells. To further define this immune response, we analyzed T cell receptor beta-chain variable (TCRBV) region repertoire in biopsy specimens and peripheral blood lymphocytes of six patients. After administration of DNP vaccine, a restricted set of TCRBV gene families was found to be expanded compared with prevaccine metastases. In several postvaccine lesions of one patient, obtained over a 2-yr period, TCRBV14+ T cells were clonally expanded and identical T cell clonotypes could be detected. Two major recurring clones were biased toward the use of TCRBJ1S5. Furthermore, T cell lines derived from two such infiltrated skin lesions and, enriched in TCRBV14+ T cells, displayed HLA-class I-restricted lysis of the autologous melanoma cells. Clonal expansion of T cells was demonstrated in the T cell-infiltrated, postvaccine metastasis of a second patient as well. These results indicate that vaccination with autologous, DNP-modified melanoma cells can expand selected clones of T cells at the tumor site and that such clones are potentially destructive to the tumor.
Racial and Geographical Factors in Tumor Incidence
Authors: Walter R. Benson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This book contains papers presented at a symposium at the Post-Graduate Medical School, University of Edinburgh, in 1966. They include a wide variety of subjects from pathological criteria of malignancy to lymphography in Kaposi's Sarcoma. The papers vary considerably in length; one page is devoted to nasopharyngeal cancer in Eastern Africa, 30 pages to the epidemiology of gastric cancer. Burkitt has a brief article on the epidemiology of the Burkitt tumor, and Epstein and associates describe their laboratory investigation of the tumor. Wynder's detailed examination and discussion of many factors involved in the epidemiology of gastric cancer is the most thoughtful and provocative paper in the book and should be required reading for all interested in the epidemiology of any tumor. Other chapters deal with the mortality, some clinical problems and genetics of gastric cancer. The incidences of various cancers in Iceland, Singapore, East Africa, the West Indies, and Ibadan
Book Review Medical Care and the Health of the Poor Edited by David E. Rogers and Eli Ginzberg. 144 pp. Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 1993. $49.50. 0-8133-1720-7 Mama Might Be Better Off Dead: The Failure of Health Care in Urban America By Laurie Kaye Abraham. 289 pp. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1993. $22.50. 0-226-001338-5
Authors: Andrew B. Bindman, Miriam Komaromy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
FURTHER EXPERIMENTS WITH THE WOODTICK IN RELATION TO ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER.
Authors: H. T. RICKETTS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Experiments which I previously reported show that the adult male and female and the nymph of the Rocky Mountain woodtick (<i>Dermacentor occidentalis</i>) are able to acquire and transmit spotted fever.<sup>1</sup> In this paper experiments will be reported which show: 1, That the larva may acquire the disease and remain infective during the nymphal stage; 2, that the virus may be transmitted from an infected female to her young through the eggs; 3, that the virus exists in both the gut and the salivary glands of the infected tick. <h3>I. INFECTION OF THE LARVA.</h3> In these experiments the possibility of the larvæ having acquired the disease from the female parent through the egg was excluded by testing the females on healthy guinea-pigs before they deposited their eggs, and it is to be understood that all the larvæ used in these experiments came from females which had been tested in this
<i>MEN1</i> Gene Replacement Therapy Reduces Proliferation Rates in a Mouse Model of Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Gerard V. Walls, Manuel C. Lemos, Mahsa Javid, Miriam Bazan-Peregrino, Jeshmi Jeyabalan, Anita A.C. Reed, Brian Harding, Damian J. Tyler, Daniel J. Stuckey, Sian Piret, Paul T. Christie, Olaf Ansorge, Kieran Clarke, Len Seymour, Rajesh V. Thakker
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is characterized by the combined occurrence of pituitary, pancreatic, and parathyroid tumors showing loss of heterozygosity in the putative tumor suppressor gene MEN1. This gene encodes the protein menin, the overexpression of which inhibits cell proliferation in vitro. In this study, we conducted a preclinical evaluation of MEN1 gene therapy in pituitary tumors of Men1(+/-) mice, using a recombinant nonreplicating adenoviral serotype 5 vector that contained the murine Men1 cDNA under control of a cytomegalovirus promoter (Men1.rAd5). Pituitary tumors in 55 Men1(+/-) female mice received a transauricular intratumoral injection of Men1.rAd5 or control treatments, followed by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) in drinking water for four weeks before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunohistochemical analysis. Immediate procedure-related and 4-week mortalities were similar in all groups, indicating that the adenoviral gene therapy was not associated with a higher mortality. Menin expression was higher in the Men1.rAd5-treated mice when compared with other groups. Daily proliferation rates assessed by BrdUrd incorporation were reduced significantly in Men1.rAd5-injected tumors relative to control-treated tumors. In contrast, apoptotic rates, immune T-cell response, and tumor volumes remained similar in all groups. Our findings establish that MEN1 gene replacement therapy can generate menin expression in pituitary tumors, and significantly reduce tumor cell proliferation.
Chemoradiation therapy using cyclopamine-loaded liquid–lipid nanoparticles and lutetium-177-labeled core-crosslinked polymeric micelles
Authors: Jian You, Jun Zhao, Xiaoxia Wen, Chunhui Wu, Qian Huang, Fada Guan, Richard Wu, Dong Liang, Chun Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
ELECTROPHORESIS EXPERIMENTS WITH THE VIRUS AND PROTECTIVE BODIES OF YELLOW FEVER
Authors: Martin Frobisher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. When suspended in slightly alkaline (pH 7.4 to 7.8) saline dilutions of clear, hemoglobin-free normal monkey serum, the virus of yellow fever from infected monkeys and from infected, but blood-free, mosquitoes, usually acts as if it were possessed of a positive electrical charge. 2. The virus tends to assume a negative charge in fluids having a slightly acid reaction. 3. The isoelectric point of the virus seems to be in the neighborhood of pH 7.0, possibly ranging from pH 7.3 to pH 6.9. 4. Exposure to fluid having a reaction of pH 5.0 for 3 hours appeared to inactivate the virus. 5. In experiments in which the suspending fluid was prepared with normal serum diluted with distilled water and containing a good quantity of partly hemolyzed erythrocytes, the virus tended to migrate to the anode. 6. The protective bodies in yellow fever immune serum appear to carry a negative charge in slightly alkaline saline dilutions of serum.
GPs are accused of using profits from commissioning to meet practice expenses
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

GPs have been accused of lining their own pockets by using the savings made from practice based commissioning to provide basic practice equipment such as chairs, examination couches, air conditioning units, and blood pressure monitors. Because such equipment is meant to be bought from practices’ earnings, use of another source of funds potentially enables GPs to take a higher proportion of those earnings as income.

An investigation by the Health Service Journal , which made requests under freedom of information legislation, found examples amounting to several millions of pounds among 50 primary care trusts, covering 650 general practices. 

The findings have divided opinion. Clare Gerada, chairwoman of the Royal College of General Practitioners, told the journal that GPs “needed to be protected” from potential conflicts of interest. “There has to be the right spirit …
Extracellularly occurring histone H1 mediates the binding of thyroglobulin to the cell surface of mouse macrophages.
Authors: K Brix, W Summa, F Lottspeich, V Herzog
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Thyroglobulin is the major secretory protein of thyroid epithelial cells. Part of thyroglobulin reaches the circulation of vertebrates by transcytosis across the epithelial wall of thyroid follicles. Clearance of thyroglobulin from the circulation occurs within the liver via internalization of thyroglobulin by macrophages. Here we have analyzed the interaction of thyroglobulin with the cell surface of J774 macrophages with the aim to identify the possible thyroglobulin-binding sites on macrophages. Binding of thyroglobulin to J774 cells was saturated at approximately 100 nM thyroglobulin with a Kd of 50 nM, and it was competed by the ligand itself. Preincubation of J774 cells with thyroglobulin resulted in downregulation of thyroglobulin-binding sites, indicating internalization of thyroglobulin and its binding proteins. By affinity chromatography, two proteins from J774 cells were identified as thyroglobulin-binding proteins with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 33 kD. Unexpectedly, both proteins were identified as histone H1 by protein sequencing. The occurrence of histone H1 at the plasma membrane was further proven by biotinylation or immunolabeling of J774 cells. The in vitro interaction between histone H1 and thyroglobulin was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance that revealed a Kd at 46 nM. In situ, histone H1 was colocalized to FITC-Tg-containing endocytic compartments of Kupffer cells, i.e., liver macrophages. We conclude that histone H1 is detectable at the cell surface of macrophages where it serves as a thyroglobulin-binding protein and mediates thyroglobulin endocytosis.
Abstract 30: Intermittent treatment with the PARP inhibitor olaparib delays tumor development in BRCA1-deficient mice
Authors: Karen T. Liby, Ciric To
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Women with inherited BRCA gene mutations are at extremely high risk for developing breast cancer. Although these high risk patients are ideal candidates for an effective chemoprevention regimen, “watchful waiting” or bilateral prophylactic mastectomy are the only currently available options. BRCA proteins are required for repairing double strand DNA breaks through homologous recombination. In BRCA-deficient cells, DNA is repaired by base excision repair, which requires a PARP protein. PARP inhibitors can selectively induce apoptosis in BRCA-deficient cells, without affecting normal cells, by blocking the only DNA repair pathway available to these cells. Various PARP inhibitors are being tested in the clinic in women with BRCA mutations, and if effective, these drugs might also be useful for chemoprevention. When fed continuously in diet, the PARP inhibitor olaparib (200 mg/kg diet) significantly delayed tumor development by 6.5 weeks in the aggressive Brca1Co/Co;MMTV-Cre;p53+/- mouse model. An intermittent schedule was then tested; olaparib was given for 2 week cycles in order to induce apoptosis in premalignant cells followed by 4 week rest periods in an attempt to reduce drug toxicity. Intermittent therapy with olaparib was nearly as effective as the continuous feeding protocol and increased the age of initial tumor onset to 35.6 ± 1.0 wks compared to 29.9 ± 1.1 wks in the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.001; n = 18-19 mice/group). Olaparib also decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis in the mammary glands of mice without palpable tumors. In summary, these studies demonstrate that the PARP inhibitor olaparib is effective for delaying tumor development in BRCA1-deficient mice and suggest that intermittent therapy with this drug might be useful for chemoprevention in high risk women with BRCA mutations. Supported by Susan G. Komen for the Cure and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation Citation Format: Karen T. Liby, Ciric To. Intermittent treatment with the PARP inhibitor olaparib delays tumor development in BRCA1-deficient mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Susceptibility and Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes; Jan 29-Feb 1, 2014; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(23 Suppl):Abstract nr 30. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CANSUSC14-30
Three-Legged Stool-The Quality of the Wood
Authors: Pamela Jo Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 April 1992Three-Legged Stool-The Quality of the WoodPamela Jo Harris, MDPamela Jo Harris, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-8-702 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Dr. Barondess's article (1) was a sound description of the "wobbly" stool of academic medicine, supported by the three unbalanced legs of research, education, and patient care and public responsibility.I agree that we need better carpenters to reconstruct our stool, to balance its structure, and to secure its attachments. When I stand on a stool, however, my first concern is whether it was built with the proper materials.Dr. Barondess suggested that medical students and residents have no characteristics of their own-that they are shaped by instructors who, drawing from their own imperfect experience, fashion them...Reference1. Barondess J. The academic health center and the public agenda: whose three-legged stool? Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:962-7. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Pamela Jo Harris, MDAffiliations: 1810 Calvert Street NW Suite 5 Washington, D.C. 20009 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1992Volume 116, Issue 8Page: 702-702KeywordsAcademic medicinePatientsResearch quality assessment ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 April 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Improved differentiation between infarcted and non-infarcted myocardial regions by magnetic resonance tagging
Authors: J.T. Marcus, M.J.W. Götte, A.C. Van Rossum, J.P.A. Kuijer, L. Axel, R.M. Heethaar, C.A. Visser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Investigation of unintentional weight loss
Authors: J. Tyrrell-Price, A. Hills, A. Varey
Journal: BMJ (2011)

McMinn and colleagues suggest history, examination, chest radiography, and faecal occult blood testing for initial investigation of unintentional weight loss in elderly patients.1 Given that 13% of this population will have gastrointestinal cancer,1 the sensitivity of anaemia, C reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in this population would be helpful.

We performed 116 oesophagogastroduodenoscopies for indications including weight loss, 58 for isolated weight loss. …
Asbestos Exposure and Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Stephen Freifeld
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE association of asbestos exposure with and an increased incidence of malignant neoplasms has been reported.<sup>1</sup>Two articles have recently suggested an association between exposure to asbestos and an increased incidence of laryngeal carcinoma.<sup>2,3</sup>The three patients of Libshitz et al<sup>2</sup>all had a history of smoking and were treated with radiotherapy or total laryngectomy with apparently good initial results. This is a report of a nonsmoker who worked for 30 years in an asbestos processing plant and who had epidermoid carcinoma involving the left vocal cord. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 63-year-old man complained of persistent hoarseness for several months. A biopsy specimen at another hospital prior to referral showed epidermoid carcinoma of the left vocal cord. He had worked for 30 years in a factory concerned with production of asbestos products. A brother had succumbed to pulmonary asbestosis with respiratory insufficiency. A preoperative chest x-ray