tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of time, sex, ethnic origin, and area of residence on prevalence of asthma in Israeli adolescents.
Authors: A Laor, L Cohen, Y L Danon
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To study effects of time, sex, ethnic origin, and area of residence on prevalence of asthma in Israeli adolescents. DESIGN--Retrospective survey of asthma from computerised medical draft records of conscripts examined up to the end of 1989. SETTING--Five regional centres in Israel. SUBJECTS--443 186 conscripts (262 836 males and 180 350 females) aged 17-18 who were born over a nine year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Asthma determined by medical history, physical examination, and lung function tests at rest and after exercise. RESULTS--Asthma was more prevalent in males than females (26.5/1000 v 21.4/1000, relative risk 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.32)). Subjects were split into three groups according to year of birth, and prevalence of asthma increased over time from 18/1000 to 24/1000 to 36/1000 (risk of asthma 0.56 (0.54 to 0.59) for first birth group relative to last birth group and 0.69 (0.66 to 0.72) for second group relative to last group). Risk of asthma was also affected by ethnic origin (highest for Western origin and lowest for north African origin, relative risk 1.63 (1.56 to 1.71)) and area of residence (highest in the central coastal region--risk of 1.24 (1.19 to 1.30) relative to the north coastal region--and lowest in inland areas--risk of 0.67 (0.64 to 0.70) relative to north coastal region). CONCLUSIONS--Prevalence of asthma in Israel is increasing and is higher in males, in people of Western origin, and in those living in the most industrialised coastal region.
Assessment of Feminization of Male Fish in English Rivers by the Environment Agency of England and Wales
Authors: Melanie Y. Gross-Sorokin, Stephen D. Roast, Geoffrey C. Brighty
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In recent years there has been considerable concern over the ability of substances discharged into the environment to disrupt the normal endocrine function of wildlife. In particular, the apparent widespread feminization of male fish in rivers has received significant attention from regulators in the United Kingdom, the United States, Europe, and Japan. The U.K. and European epidemiological data sets have demonstrated that the occurrence of feminized fish is associated with effluent discharges and that the incidence and severity is positively correlated with the proportion of treated sewage effluent in receiving waters. Although weakly estrogenic substances may contribute to the overall effect, studies have concluded that steroid estrogens are the principal and most potent estrogenic components of domestic sewage. Extensive laboratory data sets confirm that steroid estrogens are capable of eliciting the effects observed in wild fish at concentrations that have been measured in effluents and in the environment. Based on evaluation of the available information, the Environment Agency (England and Wales) has concluded that the weight of evidence for endocrine disruption in fish is sufficient to develop a risk management strategy for estrogenically active effluents that discharge to the aquatic environment.
The Preparation of the Specialist.
Authors: Philip Frank
Journal: JAMA (1907)

New Haven, Conn., Aug. 17, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Shambaugh's article on "The Preparation of the Specialist" inThe Journal, Aug. 17, 1907, especially as regards what he says about the granting of the Ph.D. degree in medicine, deserves great applause and commendation. It advances a thought that many a progressive man has felt, but failed to express. It does indeed seem peculiar that universities should grant advanced degrees for work done in almost any of the sciences, except in medicine, as if to take no cognizance of its deep and exhaustive sciences. And yet, at present, fully three-fourths of all the research being carried out all over the world is in medicine. Again, of all the scientific journals published, fully three-fourths are devoted to the medical specialties and their fundamental sciences. In every respect, every one of the medical specialties stands in the first rank and on a
CYTOLOGICAL METHODS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF UTERINE CANCER
Authors: Douglas M. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The introduction of cytological methods for the early diagnosis of uterine cancer has been a significant modern development in spite of waning emphasis on the morphological approach to clinical problems. The emergence of the method was the logical outcome of two separate series of investigations—the introduction of the concept of noninvasive carcinoma by Rubin 1 and the perfection by Papanicolaou 2 of technical methods for studying cells exfoliated from the female genital tract. The principle on which the method rests derives from phenomena implicit in the observations of Coman, 3 namely, that the force required mutually to separate normal cervical cells is some 10 times that required to separate the cells of squamous carcinoma of the cervix. The usefulness of exfoliative cytologic studies in the early diagnosis of uterine cancer has been extensively studied during the past eight years. Several investigators 4 have convincingly documented its relative reliability, and L'Esperance
Assessment of the benefits and risks of percutaneous biopsy before surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: François Durand, Jean Marc Regimbeau, Jacques Belghiti, Alain Sauvanet, Valérie Vilgrain, Benoı̂t Terris, Vincent Moutardier, Olivier Farges, Dominique Valla
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Sick Sinus Syndrome in HCN1-Deficient Mice
Authors: Stefanie Fenske, Stefanie C. Krause, Sami I.H. Hassan, Elvir Becirovic, Franziska Auer, Rebekka Bernard, Christian Kupatt, Philipp Lange, Tilman Ziegler, Carsten T. Wotjak, Henggui Zhang, Verena Hammelmann, Christos Paparizos, Martin Biel, Christian A. Wahl-Schott
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is a major clinically relevant disease that is associated with sudden cardiac death and requires surgical implantation of electric pacemaker devices. Frequently, SND occurs in heart failure and hypertension, conditions that lead to electric instability of the heart. Although the pathologies of acquired SND have been studied extensively, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause congenital SND. Methods and Results— Here, we show that the HCN1 protein is highly expressed in the sinoatrial node and is colocalized with HCN4, the main sinoatrial pacemaker channel isoform. To characterize the cardiac phenotype of HCN1-deficient mice, a detailed functional characterization of pacemaker mechanisms in single isolated sinoatrial node cells, explanted beating sinoatrial node preparation, telemetric in vivo electrocardiography, echocardiography, and in vivo electrophysiology was performed. On the basis of these experiments we demonstrate that mice lacking the pacemaker channel HCN1 display congenital SND characterized by bradycardia, sinus dysrhythmia, prolonged sinoatrial node recovery time, increased sinoatrial conduction time, and recurrent sinus pauses. As a consequence of SND, HCN1-deficient mice display a severely reduced cardiac output. Conclusions— We propose that HCN1 stabilizes the leading pacemaker region within the sinoatrial node and hence is crucial for stable heart rate and regular beat-to-beat variation. Furthermore, we suggest that HCN1-deficient mice may be a valuable genetic disease model for human SND.
Ten Years of Addressing Children’s Health through Regulatory Policy at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Authors: Devon Payne-Sturges, Debra Kemp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundExecutive Order (EO) 13045, Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks, directs each federal agency to ensure that its policies, programs, activities, and standards address disproportionate environmental health and safety risks to children.ObjectivesWe reviewed regulatory actions published by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Federal Register from April 1998 through December 2006 to evaluate applicability of EO 13045 to U.S. EPA actions and consideration of children's health issues in U.S. EPA rulemakings.DiscussionAlthough virtually all actions discussed EO 13045, fewer than two regulations per year, on average, were subject to the EO requirement to evaluate children's environmental health risks. Nonetheless, U.S. EPA considered children's environmental health in all actions addressing health or safety risks that may disproportionately affect children.ConclusionThe EO does not apply to a broad enough set of regulatory actions to ensure protection of children's health and safety risks, largely because of the small number of rules that are economically significant. However, given the large number of regulations that consider children's health issues despite not being subject to the EO, other statutory requirements and agency policies reach a larger set of regulations to ensure protection of children's environmental health.
Abstract 20884: TWIK-2 Deficient Mice are Hypertensive and Exhibit Greater Vascular Contractility
Authors: Eric E Lloyd, Randy F Crossland, Sean P Marrelli, Anil K Reddy, George E Taffet, Craig J Hartley, Robert M Bryan
Journal: Circulation (2010)

TWIK-2, a member of the Two-Pore Domain K+ ion channel family, is highly expressed in the vascular system; however its function is unknown. We hypothesized that TWIK-2 is involved with regulating v...
MUC1, a New Hypoxia Inducible Factor Target Gene, Is an Actor in Clear Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumor Progression
Authors: Sébastien Aubert, Valérie Fauquette, Brigitte Hémon, Réjane Lepoivre, Nicolas Briez, David Bernard, Isabelle Van Seuningen, Xavier Leroy, Michaël Perrais
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway is known as the main renal carcinogenetic pathway. MUC1, an O-glycoprotein membrane-bound mucin, is overexpressed in clear renal cell carcinomas (cRCC) with correlation to two major prognostic factors: tumor-node-metastasis stage and nuclear Fürhman grade. We questioned whether there is a direct link between the HIF pathway and MUC1 overexpression in renal tumors. Interestingly, we observed concomitant increase of HIF-1α and MUC1 in metastatic cRCC group versus nonmetastatic cRCC group. Using different renal cell models and small interfering RNA assays targeting either HIF-1α or YC-1, a HIF-1 pharmacologic inhibitor, we showed induction of MUC1 expression under hypoxia by a HIF-dependent mechanism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed a direct binding of HIF-1α at the MUC1 promoter. In addition, combined site-directed mutagenesis and gel shift assay allowed the identification of two functional putative hypoxia responsive elements at −1488/−1485 and at −1510/−1507 in the promoter. Using a rat kidney model of ischemia/reperfusion, we confirmed in vivo that clamping renal pedicle for 1 hour followed by 2 hours of reperfusion induced increased MUC1 expression. Furthermore, MUC1 knockdown induced significant reduction of invasive and migration properties of renal cancer cells under hypoxia. Altogether, these results show that MUC1 is directly regulated by HIF-1α and affects the invasive and migration properties of renal cancer cells. Thus, MUC1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target in cRCC. [Cancer Res 2009;69(14):5707–15]
Comprehensive Analysis of<i>UGT1A</i>Polymorphisms Predictive for Pharmacokinetics and Treatment Outcome in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Irinotecan and Cisplatin
Authors: Ji-Youn Han, Hyeong-Seok Lim, Eun Soon Shin, Yeon-Kyeong Yoo, Yong Hoon Park, Jong-Eun Lee, In-Jin Jang, Dae Ho Lee, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To determine whether uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, UGT1A7, and UGT1A9 polymorphisms affect the pharmacokinetics (PK) of irinotecan and treatment outcome of Korean patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Eighty-one patients with advanced NSCLC were treated with irinotecan (80 mg/m 2 ) on day 1 and 8 and cisplatin (60 mg/m 2 ) on day 1 intravenously of each 3-week cycle. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genotyped using direct sequencing. We analyzed the association of UGT1A genotypes with irinotecan PK and clinical outcomes. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results In genotype-PK association analysis, UGT1A1*6/*6 (n = 6), UGT1A7*3/*3 (n = 6), and UGT1A9-118(dT) 9/9 (n = 11) were associated with significantly lower area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) SN-38G to SN-38 (AUC SN-38G /AUC SN-38 ) ratio (P = .002, P = .009, and P = .001, respectively). In linkage disequilibrium analysis, the UGT1A7 variants were highly linked with the UGT1A1*6 (D′ = 0.85, r 2 = 0.63) and UGT1A9*22 (D′ = 0.95, r 2 = 0.88), which was substantiated in haplotype analysis. Patients with UGT1A1*6/*6 had lower tumor response and higher incidence of severe neutropenia. UGT1A9-118(dT) 9/9 also showed a trend for high incidence of severe diarrhea, but not tumor response. In survival analysis, patients with UGT1A1*6/*6 had significantly shorter progression-free survival (P = .001) and overall survival (P = .017). Conclusion These findings suggest that UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A9*22 genotypes may be important for SN-38 glucuronidation and associate with irinotecan-related severe toxicity. Specifically, UGT1A1*6 might be useful for predicting tumor response and survival outcome of Korean patients with NSCLC treated with irinotecan-based chemotherapy.
Let Freud rest in peace
Authors: Richard J. McNally
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Erdelyi's version of repression – trying successfully not to think about something – is no longer recognizably Freudian. Erdelyi fails to cite directed forgetting experiments involving psychiatric patients that indicate that the motivation to forget threatening material seldom translates into an ability to do so. The early Freud of the seduction theory of hysteria did inspire the recovered memory fiasco.
Confidentiality and the Prediction of Dangerousness in Psychiatry
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE California Supreme Court continues to make financial awards to patients in suits against physicians with seemingly little regard for the effect of these awards and decisions upon the practice of medicine and the availability of insurance to cover this largesse of the judiciary, and without regard for the social consequences of this "money-for-everything" attitude.The particular case, Tarasoff vs. Regents of the University of California, 1 has already become infamous among mental-health programs in California and among college and university student medical programs all over the country as it has taken its course through the various levels of trial and . . .
Sarcoid-like Lymphocytosis of the Lower Respiratory Tract in Patients with Active Crohn's Disease
Authors: J. M. Smiéjan, J. Cosnes, S. Chollet-Martin, P. Soler, F. M. Basset, Y. Le Quintrec, A. J. Hance
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

To re-evaluate the relationship between Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis, we compared the numbers and types of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from normal volunteers and patients with Crohn's disease, with other forms of inflammatory bowel disease, and with sarcoidosis. Patients with Crohn's disease, but not patients with other inflammatory bowel disorders, had an increase in the number of T lymphocytes on the surface of the lower respiratory tract similar to that seen in patients with sarcoidosis. As in sarcoidosis, this lymphocytosis results from an expansion of the T4+ T-lymphocyte subset, is characteristic of patients with active disease only, and is not associated with similar abnormalities in the peripheral blood. Thus, patients with apparently localized Crohn's disease have sarcoid-like lymphocytosis of the lower respiratory tract, a finding that emphasizes the systemic nature of Crohn's disease and the disorder's close relationship to sarcoidosis.
Nitric oxide and prostanoids protect the renal outer medulla from radiocontrast toxicity in the rat.
Authors: Y Agmon, H Peleg, Z Greenfeld, S Rosen, M Brezis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Human radiocontrast nephrotoxicity is predicted by the presence of multiple risk factors, often associated with compromised renal circulation. To produce a simple model of radiocontrast nephropathy, rats were pretreated with indomethacin and N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, to inhibit nitric oxide synthesis) before the administration of iothalamate. Acute renal failure consistently developed, with a decline in creatinine clearance from 1.05 +/- 0.10 to 0.27 +/- 0.05 ml/min (P < 0.001) associated with selective necrosis of 49 +/- 9% of medullary thick ascending limbs. Hemodynamic studies using laser-Doppler probes revealed that when injected alone, iothalamate increased outer medullary blood flow to 196 +/- 25% of baseline (P < 0.001). Pretreatment by L-NAME or indomethacin both reduced basal medullary blood flow and transformed the medullary vasodilator response to radiocontrast into vasoconstriction, with a prolonged reduction of medullary blood flow to less then half of baseline. Combined administration of indomethacin, L-NAME, and iothalamate lowered medullary blood flow to 12 +/- 4% of baseline. We conclude that prostanoids and nitric oxide have an important protective role in the renal response to radiocontrast material. Reduced synthesis of these vasoactive substances in renal/vascular diseases may predispose patients to radiocontrast nephropathy.
Antidepressant Dosage and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Philippe Courtet, Jorge Lopez-Castroman, Isabelle Jaussent, Philip A. P. M. Gorwood
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

The respondents used 61 distinct EMR systems (Q4) and came from a broad range of practice types (Q1).Nine EMRs were used by 20 or more respondents, accounted for 324 (78.8%) of all users, and users of each of these lost free time (P < .05for all).Of these 9, the Veterans Affairs' Computer Patient Record System (CPRS) was associated with the least free time loss (-20 minutes) (P = .04).Respondents were experienced EMR users.Most (70.6%) used all of the EMR functions listed in Q4, and 82.5% had EMRs in their practice for more than a year (Q7).Among all respondents, 89.8% reported that at least 1 data management function was slower post-EMR adoption, and 63.9% reported that note writing took longer.Surprisingly, a third (33.9%) reported that it took longer to find and review medical record data with the EMR than without, and a similar proportion, 32.2%, that it was slower to read other clinicians' notes.The mean time loss for attending physicians was -48 minutes per clinic day (P < .001),or 4 hours per 5-day clinic week.The mean loss for trainees was -18 minutes per day, less than that of attending physicians (P < .001).For the 59.4% of all respondents who did lose time, the mean loss was -78 minutes per clinic day, or 6.5 hours per 5-day clinic week.Discussion | The loss of free time that our respondents reported was large and pervasive and could decrease access or increase costs of care.Policy makers should consider these time costs in future EMR mandates.Ambulatory practices may benefit from approaches used by high-performing practices 6 -the use of scribes, standing orders, talking instead of e-mail-to recapture time lost on EMR.We can only speculate as to whether better computer skills, shorter (half-day) clinic assignments with proportionately less exposure to EMR time costs, or other factors account for the trainees' smaller per-day time loss.
THE EDUCATION OF THE SENSE OF TOUCH IN FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDREN AND ITS CONNECTION WITH MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING.
Authors: FLETCHER BEACH
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Dr. Seguin long ago pointed out that the proper way to educate feeble-minded children was by education of the senses, and that the more thoroughly this education was conducted, the better would be the training which could be afterward given. On this occasion I intend to concern myself more especially with the sense of touch, only alluding to the sense of sight when it may be necessary to do so. Mr. Herbert Spencer has shown how by evolution and specialization the other senses, smell, hearing, sound and taste, could have sprung from touch, and how touch is a universal language into which the other senses which are special languages would have to be translated in order to be understood. Thus we know that the vibrations of ether which strike on the retina stimulate the fibers of the optic nerve, and these fibers, when excited, have the power of awakening the
SLE precipitated by antibiotics in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D M Grennan, G Bell, P J Rooney, A C Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1975)

An ECG confirmed the presence of sinus bradycardia in all three patients; the deterioration in their general health consisted of withdrawal, listlessness, refusal of food, and general apathy.The pulse reverted to normal and the symptoms disappeared within two days of ending the drug.