tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remarks on Epidemic Roseola; Rosella, Rosalia, or Rubeola
Authors: W. Squire
Journal: BMJ (1870)

THnE term " roseola", if restricted to the symptomatic rose-rash by de- finition not contagious, would be inapplicable to the exanthem now epidemic.When, some ten years ago, attention was called to the pre- valence of this form of eruption by the late Dr. Babington, under the Dame of Rubeola Notha, rubeola had become with us such a general medical term for measles, as to necessitate the suffix voGos.We, not having different popular names, like the German Rotheln and Masern, to apply to these two diseases which have great outward resemblance, and coming to the observation of this one under such names as false measles or secondary measles, were slow to recognise it as a distinct exanthem, and became unsettled in our views of the more serious
An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus
Authors: Elisabetta Traggiai, Stephan Becker, Kanta Subbarao, Larissa Kolesnikova, Yasushi Uematsu, Maria Rita Gismondo, Brian R Murphy, Rino Rappuoli, Antonio Lanzavecchia
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)

Passive serotherapy can confer immediate protection against microbial infection, but methods to rapidly generate human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are not yet available. We have developed an improved method for Epstein-Barr virus transformation of human B cells. We used this method to analyze the memory repertoire of a patient who recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection and to isolate monoclonal antibodies specific for different viral proteins, including 35 antibodies with in vitro neutralizing activity ranging from 10(-8)M to 10(-11)M. One such antibody confers protection in vivo in a mouse model of SARS-CoV infection. These results show that it is possible to interrogate the memory repertoire of immune donors to rapidly and efficiently isolate neutralizing antibodies that have been selected in the course of natural infection.
A double-blind comparison of sulconazole nitrate 1% cream with clotrimazole 1% cream in the treatment of dermatophytoses
Authors: A. LASSUS, S. FORSTROM, O. SALO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Forty patients with dermatophytosis were treated with either sulconazole 1% cream or clotrimazole 1% cream (twenty patients in each group) twice daily for 4 weeks. Overall clinical improvement with respect to baseline at weeks 2, 3 and 4 favoured sulconazole‐treated patients (the differences were statistically significant). The weekly mean severity scores for the sulconazole‐treated patients for erythema, scaling, fissuring and itching were consistently lower than those for the clotrimazole‐treated patients and the differences were statistically significant for erythema and sealing. It was concluded that sulconazole nitrate 1% cream is very effective against various dermatophytoses.
Effects of inhalation of perfluorocarbon aerosol on oxygenation and pulmonary function compared to PGI2 inhalation in a sheep model of oleic acid-induced lung injury
Authors: M. Ragaller, J. Bleyl, U. Tschö, T. Winkler, M. Regner, S. Rasche, T. Koch, M. Albrecht
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
A MEMORABLE PATIENT
Authors: T. Carney
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A heart lift patientMost doctors recognise heart sink patients in whichever branch of medicine they practise. Ellen was a heart life patient. She joined my practice at the age of 83. She had retired as a headmistress over 20 years before and enjoyed an active retirement. She had decided to move to a bungalow in the grounds of a residential home nearer her family and friends because of ill health, emphysema, and mild heart failure.

Over the 10 years that I cared for her she had shingles and post-herpetic neuralgia, an unexplained peripheral mononeuropathy, a myocardial infarct, cataracts, and deteriorating vision as well as repeated chest infections leading to …
Naturally occurring single amino acid replacements in a regulatory protein alter streptococcal gene expression and virulence in mice
Authors: Ronan K. Carroll, Samuel A. Shelburne, Randall J. Olsen, Bryce Suber, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane, Muthiah Kumaraswami, Stephen B. Beres, Patrick R. Shea, Anthony R. Flores, James M. Musser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Infection with different strains of the same species of bacteria often results in vastly different clinical outcomes. Despite extensive investigation, the genetic basis of microbial strain-specific virulence remains poorly understood. Recent whole-genome sequencing has revealed that SNPs are the most prevalent form of genetic diversity among different strains of the same species of bacteria. For invasive serotype M3 group A streptococci (GAS) strains, the gene encoding regulator of proteinase B (RopB) has the highest frequency of SNPs. Here, we have determined that ropB polymorphisms alter RopB function and modulate GAS host-pathogen interactions. Sequencing of ropB in 171 invasive serotype M3 GAS strains identified 19 distinct ropB alleles. Inactivation of the ropB gene in strains producing distinct RopB variants had dramatically divergent effects on GAS global gene expression. Additionally, generation of isoallelic GAS strains differing only by a single amino acid in RopB confirmed that variant proteins affected transcript levels of the gene encoding streptococcal proteinase B, a major RopB-regulated virulence factor. Comparison of parental, RopB-inactivated, and RopB isoallelic strains in mouse infection models demonstrated that ropB polymorphisms influence GAS virulence and disease manifestations. These data detail a paradigm in which unbiased, whole-genome sequence analysis of populations of clinical bacterial isolates creates new avenues of productive investigation into the pathogenesis of common human infections.
Phase I Study of E7820, an Oral Inhibitor of Integrin α-2 Expression with Antiangiogenic Properties, in Patients with Advanced Malignancies
Authors: Monica Mita, Kevin R. Kelly, Alain Mita, Alejandro D. Ricart, Ofelia Romero, Anthony Tolcher, Laurel Hook, Chukwuemeka Okereke, Ilya Krivelevich, Daniel P. Rossignol, Francis J. Giles, Eric K. Rowinsky, Chris Takimoto
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: This phase I study was conducted to characterize the safety profile, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and the maximum-tolerated dose of E7820, a novel oral sulfonamide derivative with antiangiogenic properties, when administered to patients with advanced solid malignancies. Patients and Methods: Patients received single daily doses of E7820 orally for 28 days in cycle 1, followed by a 7-day no-treatment period, after which time-uninterrupted daily dosing ensued. The starting dose of E7820 was 10 mg/d, which was increased to 20, 40, 70, 100, and 200 mg/d in cohorts of new patients. Results: Thirty-seven patients [21 male; median age 65 (40–82] were enrolled. At 100 mg/d, 1 patient experienced a DLT consisting of grade 3 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. At the 200-mg dose level, 2 patients experienced grade 4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. No partial or complete responses were observed; 8 patients had stable disease (≥4 months), including 5 patients with protracted stable disease exceeding 6 months. Mean time to maximum plasma concentration values ranged from 1 to 12 hours, whereas mean terminal half-life values ranged from 5.6 to 8.6 hours. Flow cytometric analysis of platelet integrin α-2 expression showed a sustained greater than 50% decrease beyond day 28 in 3 of 4 patients at 200 mg, whereas moderate (&amp;lt;30%) decreases were observed at 70- and 100-mg dose levels. Conclusions: The recommended phase II dose of E7820 is 100 mg/d, based on a fasting schedule. E7820 downregulates integrin α-2 expression in surrogate tissues (platelets) and is associated with stable disease in a wide variety of heavily pretreated malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 17(1); 193–200. ©2011 AACR.
Using the Nicotine Patch to Stop Smoking-Reply
Authors: Michael C. Fiore
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Richardson, Dr Swartz, and Drs Haxby and Toffler for their comments concerning our article on the effectiveness of the nicotine patch for smoking cessation. Richardson is correct in stating that the nicotine patch does not produce the same subjective effects as a cigarette and is undoubtedly less reinforcing. Therefore, the patch is unlikely to support long-term addictive use in the same manner as cigarette smoking. Of course, most clinicians do not expect or want the nicotine patch to become a permanent replacement for smoking. Rather, the hope is that the nicotine patch will make quitting smoking less unpleasant and more successful. Products such as nicotine inhalers and intranasal sprays have been developed that appear to mimic some of nicotine's reinforcing actions with high rates of long-term use.<sup>1</sup>The use of such devices may help smokers stop smoking, but questions remain about whether smokers will
Motion percepts: “Sense specific,” “kinematic,” or . . . ?
Authors: A. H. Wertheim
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

In line with my model of object motion perception (Wertheim 1994) and in contradistinction to what Stoffregen (1994) states, Sauvan's data suggest that percepts of motion are not sense specific. It is here argued that percepts of object- or self-motion are neither sense specific nor do they necessarily stem from what Stoffregen calls “kinematic events.” Stoffregen's error is in believing that we can only perceive object- or self-motion relative to other objects, which implies a failure to realise that percepts of absolute object- or self-motion in space (relative to the earth's surface) do exist as well, even when the earth's surface itself is not perceived.
Impact factor of Cardiovascular Research in 2000: all time high!
Authors: T Opthof
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Fig. 1 shows that Cardiovascular Research will score an all time high impact factor of 3.59 in the year 2000. This impact factor reflects the citations during the year 2000 to the contents of our journal in the years 1998 and 1999. Although the official impact factor of the Institute for Scientific Information will only be communicated at the end of 2001, the accuracy of our previous estimates may be appreciated from a comparison of the solid and dotted lines in Fig. 1.



Fig. 1 
Impact factor of Cardiovascular Research from 1991 till 2000. Solid lines: official impact factors from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Dotted lines: estimates of editorial team prior to the publication of the official values.



In Fig. 2 we show the impact of the contents of Cardiovascular Research of the years 1995 till 1999 during the years since publication. This graph differs from the usual way of expressing citation frequency, but has the advantage that it permits easier comparison of the impact of consecutive year volumes of the journal. Fig. 2 shows an optimum for the citation frequency of the 1995 contents in year 5 since publication … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-30-253-8923; fax: +31-30-253-9036 t.opthof{at}med.uu.nl
DNA Content Analysis of Barrett's Esophagus by Flow Cytometry
Authors: S. Sciallero, W. Giaretti, L. Bonelli, E. Geido, A. Rapallo, M. Conio, P. Ravelli, L. Lombardo, G. Lapertosa, H. Aste
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of flow cytometric (FCM) DNA content and cell cycle characteristics of Barrett's Esophagus (BE) with age and sex of the patients, length, histologic type and dysplasia of BE. Forty-one patients affected by histologically confirmed BE had multiple biopsies taken from the metaplastic epithelium and one biopsy taken from the gastric fundus, as control. The samples were either stored at -80° C or immediately measured. Nuclei suspensions were obtained, stained with DAPI, measured with a high resolution flow cytometer (ICP22A, Ortho Instruments) and analyzed for the evaluation of the relative DNA content and the S- and G2+M phases of the cell cycle. DNA histograms having two distinct G0/G1 peaks were classified as DNA aneuploid. The degree of DNA aneuploidy (DNA Index, DI), defined as the ratio of abnormal to normal DNA content, was obtained from the mixture of each BE sample with its control sample and trout erytrocytes.
716. Transducing Efficiency Screening for rAAV2, rAAV1, and rAAV5 in 56 Human Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Lina Li, Linda Yang, Dominic A. Scudiero, Robert H. Shoemaker, Robert M. Kotin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) can efficiently transfer genes to a broad range of mammalian cell types leading to high levels of stable and long-term expression. Using rAAV to deliver therapeutic genes has been highly effective in both research and pre-clinical studies. AAV2 capsids utilize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) as a cell surface ligand and possibly fibroblast growth factor1 and alpha V integrins as receptors that mediate cellular entry, whereas other AAV serotypes appear to use different attachment receptors, such as alpha 2-3 O-linked sialic acid and N-linked sialic acid for AAV4 and AAV5 respectively. The receptors and cell surface ligands for other serotypes have not been determined. Therefore, matching a particular rAAV serotype to an appropriate target cell is necessary to achieve efficient transduction. To explore the broad range applications of rAAV delivery in tumor therapy, we analyzed the ability of three diverse AAV serotype vectors to transduce 56 human tumor cell lines. Three different isogenic rAAV serotype vectors with the EGFP reporter gene were produced using AAV2 ITRs and Rep protein, and structural proteins from AAV1, AAV2, and AAV5 respectively, in Sf9 cells by using baculovirus expression vectors. The 56 cell lines are derived from nine distinct tumor types. Tumor cell lines were transduced 24 hr post-plating using high MOI (Multiplicity Of Infection, based on particles per cell) of |[ge]|10,000 virus particles per cell. The EGFP transduced cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy and analyzed quantitatively by flow cytometry. Our results showed the majority of melanoma cell lines and glioma cell lines are readily transduced with rAAV. Some lung and breast tumor cell lines have a relatively high rAAV transducing efficiency: the EGFP intensity was about the same as 293 cells, but lower than most of the melanoma cell lines. We found low rAAV transduction for tumor cell lines derived from prostate, renal, and ovarian cancers while most of the cells from cancer of breast, colon, and blood cells (leukemia) were poorly trnansduced with rAAV. Of the three AAV serotypes tested, we found that in general, rAAV2 had the earliest EGFP expression onset. Of the cell types that were transduced with rAAV, the three serotypes the highest transduction rate ranking was observed: AAV2>AAV5>AAV1, or AAV5>AAV2>AAV1, with some exceptions. These results suggest that AAV vectors have potential use as gene delivery vectors, particularly for melanoma and CNS tumors.
Drug industry is partly to blame for overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder, researchers claim
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Legislation to regulate the use of human embryos for research in the United Kingdom had its second reading in the House of Commons this week, but ministers face a fight to push the most contentious measures through.The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill, which updates 1990 legislation to take account of advances in technology, passed the second reading by 340 votes to 78, with only nine Labour MPs rebelling.
Metabolic Studies on Primary Hyperoxaluria.
Authors: R. W. E. Watts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Metabolic Studies on Primary Hyperoxaluria.R. W. E. Watts, M.D., F.R.C.P.R. W. E. Watts, M.D., F.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1191_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere is a continuous high urinary oxalate excretion in primary hyperoxaluria. Glycine is a metabolic precursor of oxalate, and the relative importance of the alternative metabolic pathways from glycine to oxalate have been studied in vivo using (1-13C) glycine and (2-13C) glycine. The results indicate that the main metabolic sequence is glycine → glyoxylate oxalate but that there is also a subsidiary contribution through the sequence glycine → serine → ethanolamine → glycolic aldehyde → glycolate glyoxylate → oxalate.The metabolism of glyoxylate has been investigated in vitro in some human tissues. Kidney tissue from two patients with primary hyperoxaluria... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: London, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1191-1191KeywordsExcretionGlycineKidneysMetabolic pathways Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Six year audit of cardiac arrests and medical emergency team calls in an Australian outer metropolitan teaching hospital
Authors: Michael Buist, Julia Harrison, Ellie Abaloz, Susan Van Dyke
Journal: BMJ (2007)

In-hospital cardiac arrest often represents failure of optimal clinical care. The use of medical emergency teams to prevent such events is controversial. In-hospital cardiac arrests have been reduced in several single centre historical control studies, but the only randomised prospective study showed no such benefit. In our hospital an important problem was failure to call the medical emergency team or cardiac arrest team when, before in-hospital cardiac arrest, patients had fulfilled the criteria for calling the team.Single centre, prospective audit of cardiac arrests and data on use of the medical emergency team during 2000 to 2005.400 bed general outer suburban metropolitan teaching hospital.Three initiatives in the hospital to improve use of the medical emergency team: orientation programme for first year doctors, professional development course for medical registrars, and the evolving role of liaison intensive care unit nurses.Incidence of cardiac arrests. EFFECTS OF THE CHANGE: Incidence of cardiac arrests decreased 24% per year, from 2.4/1000 admissions in 2000 to 0.66/1000 admissions in 2005.Medical emergency teams can be efficacious when supported with a multidisciplinary, multifaceted education system for clinical staff.
Can Ambulatory Monitoring Identify High-Risk Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Prakash C. Deedwania
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Dr Mulcahy and colleagues<sup>1</sup>adds to a substantial body of evidence that the risk of acute coronary events cannot be reliably predicted based on the evidence and extent of myocardial ischemia. Given that acute ischemic syndromes mostly occur because of fissuring or rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, these findings are not surprising.<sup>2</sup>However, it is disconcerting to note that, based primarily on the risk of coronary events (myocardial infarction and unstable angina) and an extremely low incidence of cardiac mortality, the investigators have reached sweeping conclusions to negate the prognostic importance of ischemia detected by exercise testing and Holter monitoring. In fact, there is plenty of evidence to support that ischemia does portend poor prognosis.<sup>3</sup> Results from several studies, including ours,<sup>4</sup>in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemia during Holter monitoring revealed higher rates of coronary events and
Current and Remote Blood Pressure and Cognitive Decline
Authors: Robert J. Glynn
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextPrevious studies raise the possibility that blood pressure (BP) in middle age predicts later cognitive decline.ObjectiveTo examine prospectively the relationship of BP with level of and change in cognitive function in the elderly.DesignLongitudinal, population-based study comprising subjects enrolled in the East Boston component of the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) (1982-1983) and the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP) (1973-1974).SettingEast Boston, Mass.ParticipantsOf the 3657 participants in the EPESE with baseline BP measurements, 2068 also participated in the HDFP. Subjects were aged 65 to 102 years at baseline in the EPESE and had mental status and memory assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 years.Main Outcome MeasuresNumbers of errors on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and the East Boston Memory Test and rates of change in these numbers of errors. Subjects had BP measured both at baseline in the EPESE and 9 years before, as part of the HDFP.ResultsIn analyses adjusted for age, sex, and education, there was no strong linear association between BP and cognition. The associations found were fairly small in magnitude, and varied according to which test was used to measure cognition. There was little evidence for an effect of BP on change in cognitive function with either test, or for an effect on level of function on the memory test. In analyses of level of mental status questionnaire performance, however, elevated systolic BP (≥160 mm Hg) 9 years before baseline was associated with a 14% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4%-25%) increase in error rate, relative to the referent (130-139 mm Hg). Baseline systolic BP had a U-shaped association with the number of errors; error rates were 9% higher compared with the referent group among those with systolic BP lower than 130 mm Hg (95% CI, 1%-17%) and 7% greater (95% CI, 0%-15%) among those with elevated systolic BP. Diastolic BP 9 years before baseline also had a U-shaped association with errors on the mental status questionnaire.ConclusionThe findings do not suggest a linear association of BP with cognitive decline, but they are consistent with a more complex relationship between BP and cognition than previously appreciated.
Case 8-1962
Authors: William F. McNeely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseA sixty-eight-year-old man entered the hospital because of fever and abdominal pain.Five weeks previously he experienced the onset of evening chills, diaphoresis and elevation of the temperature to 99.6°F. in association with increasing anorexia and malaise and a loss of 15 pounds in weight. Urinary frequency and urgency, nocturia and intermittent dysuria occurred during the three weeks before admission. Two weeks before entry there was a three-day episode of diarrhea, followed by obstipation. One week later steady hypogastric pain with radiation into the left groin and testis began. The pain was unrelated to urination, defecation or . . .
Induction of fetal hemoglobin synthesis by valproate: Modulation of MAPkinase pathways
Authors: O. Witt, S. Mönkemeyer, K. Kanbach, A. Pekrun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Valproate has been found to stimulate fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis in patients with sickle cell disease. In accordance with these clinical observations, we found a moderate induction of HbF synthesis in K562 erythroid cells in vitro. Investigation of the role of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways by Western blot analysis and use of specific kinase inhibitors suggests that inhibition of ERK pathway and activation of the p38 pathway may contribute to the HbF‐inducing activity of valproate. Am. J. Hematol. 71:45–46, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION VERSUS MEDICAL THERAPY FOR MODERATE CORONARY LESIONS AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION: WHAT TO DO?
Authors: Lilian Grigorian Shamajan, Zhe Yu, Frank Liou, Jignesh Patel, Michelle Kittleson, Babak Azarbal, David Chang, Lawrence Czer, Jon Kobashigawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)