tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P6-06-42: Impact of molecular subtype on overall survival according to age in Korean women
Authors: A Lee, J Woo, C Yun, SY Min, Y Kim, S Yu, W Lim, N-S Paik, B-I Moon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous diseases, which is based on expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Using these factors, molecular subtype can be determined as luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, and TNBC. This is considered as an important prognostic factor. In breast cancer, age is the one of the important prognostic factors and prognosis is varied according to patients’ age. We performed this study to analyze the impact of molecular subtypes on prognosis of breast cancer according to patients’ age. Patients and methods: We performed this study by using Korean Breast Cancer Society Registration Program data. Total 15,286 patients are included into this study, and they underwent surgery during the period Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2006. All patients were divided into two groups according to age (younger: age≤34, older: age≥35) and molecular subtypes were classified into four groups as follows: luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2-), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+ HER2+), HER2+ (ER-, PR-, HER2+), and triple-negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-). We determined prognostic impact of molecular subtype on overall survivals (OS). Clinicopathologic results and OS were compared by chi-square test, Kaplan Meier test, and Cox's hazards model. Results: Younger group more frequently had tumors with negative hormone receptor (ER-/PR-), worse prognostic factors and diagnosed with more advanced stage compared to older group. In univariate analysis, molecular subtype was not related with OS in younger group (p = 0.069), but not in older group (p&amp;lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis, molecular subtype was an independent prognostic factor for OS only in older group (p = 0.690 vs p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: In young breast cancer patients, less than 35 years, the impact of molecular subtypes on overall survival was not significant compared to other age group. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-06-42.
961 THE SELECTIVE TR-BETA AGONIST, GC-1 AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE PREVENT AND REVERSE STEATOHEPATITIS INDUCED BY A CHOLINE-DEFICIENT DIET IN RATS
Authors: A. Perra, M. Kowalic, M. Pibiri, G. Simbula, G.M. Ledda-Columbano, A. Columbano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Book Review Fatal Asthma Edited by Albert L. Sheffer, with William W. Busse, Peyton A. Eggleston, Thomas A.E. Platt-Mills, Malcolm R. Sears, and Kevin B. Weiss. 607 pp. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1998. $195. 0-8247-0155-0
Authors: John Widdicombe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
Nutritional model of steatohepatitis and metabolic syndrome in the Ossabaw miniature swine
Authors: Lydia Lee, Mouhamad Alloosh, Romil Saxena, William Van Alstine, Bruce A. Watkins, James E. Klaunig, Michael Sturek, Naga Chalasani
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Miniature pigs residing in the Ossabaw Island (Ossabaw pigs) exhibit a thrifty genotype, and when fed a high-calorie diet they consistently develop metabolic syndrome defined by obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. We conducted a study to induce steatohepatitis in Ossabaw pigs by dietary manipulation. Pigs were fed standard chow (controls, n = 15), high-fructose diet (20% kcal from fructose and 10.5% kcal from fat) (fructose group, n = 9), atherogenic diet (20% kcal from fructose and 46% kcal from fat and 2% cholesterol and 0.7% cholate by weight) (atherogenic diet group, n = 13), and modified atherogenic diet (different source of fat and higher protein but lower choline content) (M-Ath diet group, n = 7). All animals were sacrificed at 24 weeks after dietary intervention. The high-fructose group had significant weight gain, hypertension, and insulin resistance but showed normal liver histology. The atherogenic diet group had metabolic syndrome and abnormal liver histology consisting of significant microvesicular steatosis and fatty Kupffer cells but no ballooning or fibrosis. The M-Ath diet group developed severe metabolic syndrome and markedly abnormal liver histology with macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis, fatty Kupffer cells, extensive hepatocyte ballooning, and pericellular/perisinusoidal fibrosis. Compared with controls, the M-Ath diet group had significantly lower serum adiponectin but higher serum leptin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels and higher hepatic triglyceride and malondialdehyde levels. Conclusion: Ossabaw pigs fed a modified atherogenic diet develop severe metabolic syndrome and abnormal liver histology with close resemblance to human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). (Hepatology 2009.)
Undisputed norms and normal errors in human thinking
Authors: Vittorio Girotto
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract This commentary questions Elqayam &amp; Evans' (E&amp;E's) claims that thinking tasks are doomed to have multiple normative readings and that only applied research allows normative evaluations. In fact, some tasks have just one undisputed normative reading, and not only pathological gamblers but also normal individuals sometimes need normative guidance. To conclude, normative evaluations are inevitable in the investigation of human thinking.
Purification and partial characterization of hepatocyte growth factor from plasma of a patient with fulminant hepatic failure.
Authors: E Gohda, H Tsubouchi, H Nakayama, S Hirono, O Sakiyama, K Takahashi, H Miyazaki, S Hashimoto, Y Daikuhara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) has been purified approximately 209,000-fold with 18% yield from plasma of a patient with fulminant hepatic failure. The purification involves heat treatment of plasma, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on Affi-Gel Blue, heparin-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite. Purified hHGF shows several bands with molecular weights between 76,000 and 92,000. Each band shows growth-stimulating activity on cultured hepatocytes which is proportional to the intensity of the band. After reduction of the sample with 2-mercaptoethanol, SDS-PAGE yields two chains with molecular weights of 31,500-34,500 and 54,000-65,000. The effect of hHGF on DNA synthesis by hepatocytes is half-maximal at 3.5 ng/ml. hHGF stimulates proliferation of cultured hepatocytes more effectively than human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) or insulin, and the effect of hHGF is additive or synergistic with the maximal effects of hEGF and insulin. These results suggest that hHGF is a new growth factor which is different from hEGF.
Heparin Treatment of Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: H. L. Chandler, G. V. Mann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE treatment of angina pectoris for many years has been directed toward relief of the heart pain either by increasing the caliber of the diseased coronary arteries or their collaterals with vasodilators or by reducing the work load of the heart. The concepts relating atherogenesis to a defect of lipid metabolism have led to more ambitious therapeutic attempts to halt or even to reverse the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the vessel walls. After an association was found between elevated serum cholesterol levels and the precocious development of coronary atherosclerosis,1 2 3 efforts were made to reduce the serum cholesterol levels, with . . .
PARATHYROID TRANSPLANTS IN RATS
Authors: P. S. Russell, R. F. Gittes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

1. A reliable method of parathyroid grafting in rats, and of assessing the functional state of such grafts in terms of blood calcium has been devised. 2. Parathyroid homografts between rats of proven genetic diversity may be rejected as promptly as skin; but the majority survive for an indefinite period, there being no intermediate class. 3. Surviving parathyroid grafts in this genetically diverse combination invariably succumb in the presence of the immunity induced by a later skin graft from the same donor. 4. Parathyroid grafts between rats of less genetic diversity have usually responded to skin graft-induced immunity in the same manner as those between more dissimilar rats. The less divergent group, however, revealed an occasional persistent functioning of parathyroid grafts even in the face of the sensitivity incidental to an accelerated reaction to skin. 5. The hypothesis is presented that the parathyroid tissue of the rats studied was deficient in effective transplantation antigens as compared with those of their skin. This weakness in apparent antigenicity may be a reflection of a deficiency in production, availability, or content of antigens in the tissue transferred.
Sustained Effectiveness of Terbutaline
Authors: Joseph J. Trautlein
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  We read Backus and Snider's article on the Bronchodilator Effects of Aerosolized Terbutaline: A Controlled, Double-Blind Study (238:2277, 1977). It was not surprising that he found a statistically significant difference both in duration and in intensity of response as compared with placebo and isoproterenol.  One statement in his discussion, however, calls for comment. The author states that two questions need to be answered before aerosol terbutaline should be used for maintenance therapy. The first is whether tachyphylaxis develops with routine daily use. We 1 looked at 24 stable ambulant patients with reversible airways disease who were given aerosolized terbutaline at a dose of 0.375 mg and were instructed to use their inhaler as usual. They were retested at day 1,14, 28, and 42 by the measurement of forced expiratory volume for one second and maximal expiratory flow rate and heart rate. Twenty-two of the 24 patients completed
Cell-based methods for ex vivo evaluation of human endothelial biology
Authors: G. P. Fadini, A. Avogaro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

The endothelium plays a central role in cardiovascular regulation. Endothelial cells produce a variety of vasculoregulatory and vasculotropic molecules that act locally or at distant sites. Alteration of the vascular endothelium is a primary event in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, as well as systemic and pulmonary hypertension. For these reasons, the study of human endothelium has become central in cardiovascular research. Unfortunately, technologies handling endothelial cells in vitro are often criticized due to the uncertain transferability of results to intact organs and, importantly, to humans. Although methods to assess endothelial function non-invasively have been available for decades, cell-based approaches for the direct ex vivo evaluation of endothelial cell biology in humans have been devised only recently. The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells opened the way for studies on vascular regeneration, while it has been recognized that mature circulating endothelial cells mainly represent a consequence of the ongoing vascular damage. Coupled with a minimally invasive way to obtain fresh human endothelial cells through an endovascular biopsy, these new methods provide a novel outlook on human endothelial cells as close as possible to their natural environment. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge and the methodological perspective of these cell-based methods.
Palpable spleen and bleeding oesophageal varices.
Authors: A D Harries
Journal: BMJ (1980)

analgesic action for opiates is strong.The clinical results, while not absolutely conclusive, grow steadily more convincing as further information becomes available.The onus remains with us-that is, with clinicians and clinical investigators-to unravel the remaining uncertainties concerning these substances when used in human subjects.
Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Asthma among Children 12–19 Years of Age: NHANES (1999–2008)
Authors: Olivier Humblet, Ledif Grisell Diaz-Ramirez, John R. Balmes, Susan M. Pinney, Robert A. Hiatt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) are a family of commonly used industrial chemicals whose persistence and ubiquity in human blood samples has led to concern about possible toxicity. Several animal studies and one recent human study have suggested a link between exposure to PFCs and asthma, although few epidemiologic studies have been conducted.We investigated children's PFC serum concentrations and their associations with asthma-related outcomes.We evaluated the association between serum concentrations of eight PFCs, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), with self-reported lifetime asthma, recent wheezing, and current asthma using data from participants 12-19 years of age from the 1999-2000 and 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.In multivariable-adjusted models, PFOA was associated with higher odds of ever having received a diagnosis of asthma [odds ratio (OR) = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.39 for a doubling in PFOA], whereas for PFOS there were inverse relationships with both asthma and wheezing (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.04, and OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.02, respectively). The associations were attenuated after accounting for sampling weights. No associations were seen between the other PFCs and any outcome.This cross-sectional study provides some evidence for associations between exposure to PFCs and asthma-related outcomes in children. The evidence is inconsistent, however, and prospective studies are needed.
Failure of Physicians To Recognize Functional Disability in Ambulatory Patients
Authors: David R. Calkins, Lisa V. Rubenstein, Paul D. Cleary, Allyson R. Davies, Alan M. Jette, Arlene Fink, Jacqueline Kosecoff, Roy T. Young, Robert H. Brook, Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To assess the ability of internists to identify functional disabilities reported by their patients. Design: Comparison of responses by physicians and a random sample of their patients to a 12-item questionnaire about physical and social function. Setting: A hospital-based internal medicine group practice in Boston, Massachusetts, and selected office-based internal medicine practices in Los Angeles, California. Subjects: Five staff physicians, three general internal medicine fellows, and 34 internal medicine residents in the hospital-based practice and 178 of their patients. Seventy-six physicians in the office-based practices and 230 of their patients. Measurements and Main Results: Physicians underestimated or failed to recognize 66% of disabilities reported by patients. Patient-reported disabilities were underestimated or unrecognized more often in the hospital-based practice than in the office-based practices (75% compared with 60%, P < 0.05). Physicians overstated functional impairment in 21% of paired responses in which patients reported no disability. Conclusions: Physicians often underestimate or fail to recognize functional disabilities that are reported by their patients. They overstate functional impairment to a lesser degree. Because these discrepancies may adversely affect patient care and well-being, medical educators and clinicians should pay more attention to the assessment of patient function.
The FTC and the Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Peter Randall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

After a lengthy investigation of specialization in medical care, the staff attorneys of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) have decided to recommend that a formal complaint be issued against the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. The complaint charges the society with unfairly restraining competition in violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act.In August of this year, Drs. Joseph C. Avellone and Francis D. Moore clearly described four areas where the FTC has suddenly become active.* These include the American Medical Association's policy on physician advertising, control of the supply of health providers, solo-practice physicians as inhibitors of . . .
Flawed ideology drives the NHS reforms
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Scotland is the red haired heartland of socialist ideology. But Adam Smith, the father of modern capitalist economics, was a professor at Glasgow. The Scots have a great tradition of enterprise. Scotland is not subject to the coalition’s NHS competition reforms and is the control group in this national experiment. As an observer I offer some unsolicited, unreferenced advice.

The need for change is based on some unchallenged assertions. Firstly, our health outcome data are “poor” in comparison with other countries. This is utter rubbish, because comparative data are so confounded with errors …
Methyl-deficient diet promotes colitis and SIRT1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Hassan Melhem, Franck Hansmannel, Aude Bressenot, Syue-Fang Battaglia-Hsu, Vincent Billioud, Jean Marc Alberto, Jean Louis Gueant, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
Journal: Gut (2015)

Methyl donor deficiency (MDD) aggravates experimental colitis in rats and increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in neuronal cells and myocardium. ER stress plays a key role in IBD pathogenesis.We investigated whether the influence of MDD on colitis resulted from an ER stress response triggered by decreased SIRT1 expression.The unfolded protein response (UPR), chaperones proteins, heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1) and SIRT1 were examined in rats with MDD and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a Caco-2 cell model with stable expression of transcobalamin-oleosin (TO) chimera, which impairs cellular availability of vitamin B12, and in IBD. The effects of SIRT1 activation were studied both in vitro and in vivo.MDD aggravated DSS-induced colitis clinically, endoscopically and histologically. MDD activated ER stress pathways, with increased phosphorylate-PKR-like ER kinase, P-eiF-2α, P-IRE-1α, activating transcription factor (ATF)6, XBP1-S protein and ATF4 mRNA expression levels in rats. This was accompanied by reduced SIRT1 expression level and greater acetylation of HSF1, in relation with a dramatic decrease of chaperones (binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP), heat shock protein (HSP)27 and HSP90). Adding either vitamin B12, S-adenosylmethionine or an SIRT1 activator (SRT1720) reduced the UPR in vitro. In rats, SIRT1 activation by SRT1720 prevented colitis by reducing HSF1 acetylation and increasing expression of BIP, HSP27 and HSP90. Immunohistochemistry showed impaired expression of SIRT1 in the colonic epithelium of patients with IBD.SIRT1 is a master regulator of ER stress and severity of experimental colitis in case of MDD. It could deserve further interest as a therapeutic target of IBD.
Funding crisis forces Cancer Research UK to cut spending by 10%
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Cancer Research UK is cutting its spending on research by 10% over the next three years because of a dip in income brought on by the economic climate.

The charity’s income fell by 3% (£13m (€15.3m; $20m)) in the financial year 2010-11, leaving the charity with a shortfall in income against its planned spend.

The charity gets most of its funds from public donations through three funding streams: direct marketing campaigns, revenue raised through its Race for Life fundraising event, and legacies. Legacies make up a third of the charity’s income, and while the number it receives has risen slightly in recent years, their …
DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF EAR DISEASE.
Authors: B. ALEX. RANDALL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

It is probable that most medical men, if asked as to the instrumental aids to the diagnosis of ear diseases, would think first and perhaps only of a speculum. Too many would try to excuse their failure to study a case by their lack of such an instrument; and yet many would undertake its treatment upon some fancied basis without knowing anything as to what was really before them or having the means and skill to treat it if they knew. The foundation of such foolhardiness is a total ignorance of the methods of aural diagnosis and skepticism as to the ability of any one to do more than guess in the matter. Yet it is axiomatic that diagnosis is essential to prognosis and both of these are requisites for any rational treatment. Even among men practiced in otological matters there is a woful failure to understand and employ diagnostic
Wolffberg's Colour-Test
Authors: S. H. A. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1888)

changes which, I think, take place when the abdominal cavity has been filled with fluid or an ovarian tumour.The result of my treatment in this case will encoutrage me to attempt, at some future date, a repetition of the operation.I may mention that I have under my care several patients who are troubled with symptoms of displaced cartilage or growth in the joint, which are constantly slipping or getting pinched between the ends of the bone, thus causing pain and crippling them.I intend, therefore, if I find no improvement after a fair trial, say six months, to open their joints, anid remove a fringe or fix a cartilage; and, by so doing, I shail hope to rid them of pain, discomfort, and inability to use the limb.P.S.-The patient wrote to me on
Advanced breast cancer more common in area with low uptake of screening
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Death rates from breast cancer in one NHS screening programme area were nearly double that of the neighbouring area, a new study has found.

A low uptake of screening invitations may be to blame for the higher levels of advanced breast cancer disease and increased mortality in the area with the lower uptake.

The study, which compared NHS programmes in Wigan and Manchester, found that the incidence of advanced disease in the low uptake area, Manchester, was almost double that of Wigan, where the proportion of women accepting invitations was much higher. The study found a similar trend in mortality from breast …
Complete Traumatic Rupture of the Bronchus With Minimal Trauma
Authors: Benjamin Winter
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A man with no history of trauma had localized wheeze and rhonchus in the left side of his chest. Clinical diagnosis of partial obstruction of the left main bronchus was confirmed by bronchoscopy and planography. Surgery revealed complete fracture of the left main stem with high-grade fibrous stricture between the fractured ends. Resection of the stenotic area with end-to-end anastamosis was performed. Questioning revealed trauma from a jeep accident 22 years earlier as the only source of the lesion.
Medical student abuse: an international phenomenon
Authors: M. Uhari
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To evaluate the prevalence of physical and psychological mistreatment of medical students at two medical schools in Finland.To enable comparison between Finnish and American students, we used the American Medical Association's Office of Education Research questionnaire.Three of every four students surveyed reported experiencing some kind of mistreatment during their medical education. Students most commonly reported sexual mistreatment, usually as slurs and sexual discrimination, from classmates, preclinical teachers, clinical teachers, clinicians, nurses, and patients. Other forms of verbal abuse, psychological mistreatment, and physical threats were also reported.All forms of mistreatment were reported occurring less frequently than in the United States; still, the level of such behavior was high. The results suggest the need for more international awareness and debate regarding the habits and behavior of teaching staff in medical schools.