tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL THERAPY DESIGNED TO MEET UNCONSCIOUS NEEDS
Authors: William C. Menninger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1936)

I have listed six therapeutic aims by which we attempt through prescription to meet specific unconscious emotional needs in the psychiatric patient. In describing these, it has been my purpose to report only positive findings and experiments, and I have purposely neglected to introduce the many failures and the many unsolved problems involved. It has been an attempt to give direction and purpose to the management of hospital therapy rather than any intention of showing the way. There are a host of other unconscious needs and we are cautiously experimenting with ways and means of meeting some of them. Those which I have outlined may be apparent even in the initial history obtained from a relative and in many more instances they can be discerned from study and observation of the individual. I have tried to indicate how we attempt to meet these six needs by outlining therapeutic aims: to afford an outlet for aggressions, to encourage advantageous identifications, to permit atonement of guilt, to afford a means of obtaining love, to encourage the acting out of phantasies, and to afford an opportunity to create. The method of executing these aims has been briefly illustrated by case material.
ADDRESS ON DIETETICS—MEDICAL FOOD ETHICS NOW AND TO COME.Delivered before the Section of Physiology and Dietetics of the American Medical Association, at its Forty-third Annual Meeting held at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: EPHRAIM CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

(<i>Concluded from page 244</i>.) <i>Take La Grippe</i>.—My patients who are on the strict diet of beef and hot water rarely take it, and if they do, have mild attacks. So when patients do have it they should be fed especially for the severe and almost inexplicable prostration. Oat meal is one of the things to help the grip along, but not the patient. In the same category come the starches and sugars in excess, fruits, all vegetable foods, especially when they have been long kept and are not fresh. The best material for cough drops I ever used was beef. I am prepared to hear my learned and skilful laryngological friends say,"Well, this is cranky and new to us, and not to be entertained." I would like to know why we; are meeting here in Detroit if not to find out what each one knows? I have sought for
gp130 receptor ligands as potential therapeutic targets for obesity
Authors: Mark A. Febbraio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Obesity and its related cluster of pathophysiologic conditions including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are recognized as growing threats to world health. It is now estimated that 10% of the world's population is overweight or obese. As a result, new therapeutic options for the treatment of obesity are clearly warranted. Recent research has focused on the role that gp130 receptor ligands may play as potential therapeutic targets in obesity. One cytokine in particular, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), acts both centrally and peripherally and mimics the biologic actions of the appetite control hormone leptin, but unlike leptin, CNTF appears to be effective in obesity and as such may have therapeutic potential. In addition, CNTF suppresses inflammatory signaling cascades associated with lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle. This review examines the potential role of gp130 receptor ligands as part of a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity.
Cancer "envy" campaign attracts complaints
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The tactics used by a UK charity to try to raise the profile of pancreatic cancer have been condemned for pitting one type of cancer against another.

The “envy” campaign devised by Pancreatic Cancer Action centred on the poor survival of people with pancreatic cancer: 3% of patients with pancreatic cancer but 97% of those with testicular cancer and 85% of those with breast cancer survive five years after diagnosis.

The advertisements, which appeared in the …
Conjugated bile acids in serum and secretions in response to cholecystokinin/secretin stimulation in children with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: T A Robb, G P Davidson, C Kirubakaran
Journal: Gut (1985)

More than 80% of patients with cystic fibrosis have poor pancreatic function, and have large daily faecal bile acid losses. This has been postulated to lower luminal bile acid concentrations and adversely affect fat absorption. We studied, for the first time, quantitative individual conjugated duodenal bile acid secretion rates into the duodenum during cholecystokinin/secretin infusion in 55 cystic fibrosis patients and six controls, using a quantitative non-absorbable marker technique. We were able to show adequate duodenal total bile acid concentrations and normal secretion rates in these children. The bile acid secretion pattern in cystic fibrosis patients showed a marked increase in bile acid concentration during cholecystokinin/secretin infusion, to levels which were above the critical micellar concentration indicating that the gall bladder is a functional organ in this disease. The subsequent fall in secretion rate was similar to controls. We have documented a significantly raised glycine/taurine bile acid conjugation ration in duodenal juice from cystic fibrosis patients and suggest that the combined effects of lowered ileal pH and increased glycine conjugated proportion of bile acids may cause precipitation of bile acids leading to decreased fat absorption and large faecal bile acid losses. To further investigate bile acid secretion in children with cystic fibrosis, we modified the high performance thin layer chromatography/densitometry method to enable measurement of individual glycine and taurine conjugates in serum. In comparing cystic fibrosis patients and controls, we were able to determine a group of 18 (36%) with bile acid evidence of liver damage who also showed reduced bile acid secretion into the duodenum. We were unable to study changes in serum bile acids during cholecystokinin/secretin infusion because of the high level of bile acid contamination in Boots Secretin. Some patients showed raised fasting serum bile acid concentrations more than two years before changes in conventional liver function tests or clinically evident liver disease. We have shown fasting serum bile acids to be a sensitive measure of liver dysfunction in cystic fibrosis and postulate that raised proportions of glycine conjugated bile acids may be responsible for the high incidence of liver disease in cystic fibrosis.
Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease: a rare but important cause of fever and lymphadenopathy in pregnant women
Authors: Fevzi Altuntas, Ismail Sari, Ozlem Canoz, Orhan Yildiz, Bulent Eser, Mustafa Cetin, Ali Unal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

We report a case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) in a 28-year-old pregnant woman with prolonged fever and generalized lymphadenopathy. We evaluated the patient for etiology of the fever and adenopathy, which were unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. Cervical lymph node histology showed KFD. Currently, there is scant data available regarding the course and treatment of KFD during pregnancy. We administered steroid therapy (prednisone 1 mg/kg/day) to control severe systemic and constitutional symptoms. We observed a reduction in lymph node size as well as abatement of fever and other constitutional symptoms. The patient carried the fetus to full term with no apparent adverse effect. Our experience showed that steroid therapy may be used effectively to control KFD-related symptoms after the first 16 weeks without terminating the pregnancy.
PKC inhibition ameliorates the cardiac phenotype in a mouse model of myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Guey-Shin Wang, Muge N. Kuyumcu-Martinez, Satyam Sarma, Nitin Mathur, Xander H.T. Wehrens, Thomas A. Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Cardiac complications are a common cause of death in individuals with the inherited multisystemic disease myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). A characteristic molecular feature of DM1 is misregulated alternative splicing due to disrupted functioning of the splicing regulators muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) and CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1). CUGBP1 is upregulated in DM1 due to PKC pathway activation and subsequent CUGBP1 protein hyperphosphorylation and stabilization. Here, we blocked PKC activity in a heart-specific DM1 mouse model to determine its pathogenic role in DM1. Animals given PKC inhibitors exhibited substantially increased survival that correlated with reduced phosphorylation and decreased steady-state levels of CUGBP1. Functional studies demonstrated that PKC inhibition ameliorated the cardiac conduction defects and contraction abnormalities found in this mouse model. The inhibitor also reduced misregulation of splicing events regulated by CUGBP1 but not those regulated by MBNL1, suggesting distinct roles for these proteins in DM1 cardiac pathogenesis. The PKC inhibitor did not reduce mortality in transgenic mice with heart-specific CUGBP1 upregulation, indicating that PKC inhibition did not have a general protective effect on PKC-independent CUGBP1 increase. Our results suggest that pharmacological blockade of PKC activity mitigates the DM1 cardiac phenotype and provide strong evidence for a role for the PKC pathway in DM1 pathogenesis.
Steroid use is complex in intensive care
Authors: A. Patel
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare progressive disease, characterized by mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex genes (<i>TSC1</i> or <i>TSC2</i>) and hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Here, we report that E26 transformation–specific (ETS) variant transcription factor 2 (ETV2) is a critical regulator of <i>Tsc2</i>-deficient cell survival. ETV2 nuclear localization in <i>Tsc2</i>-deficient cells is mTORC1-independent and is enhanced by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibition. In the nucleus, ETV2 transcriptionally regulates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 binding protein (PARPBP) mRNA and protein expression, partially reversing the observed down-regulation of PARPBP expression induced by mTORC1 blockade during treatment with both Syk and mTORC1 inhibitors. In addition, silencing Etv2 or <i>Parpbp</i> in <i>Tsc2</i>-deficient cells induced ER stress and increased cell death in vitro and in vivo. We also found <i>ETV2</i> expression in human cells with loss of heterozygosity for <i>TSC2</i>, lending support to the translational relevance of our findings. In conclusion, we report a novel ETV2 signaling axis unique to Syk inhibition that promotes a cytocidal response in <i>Tsc2</i>-deficient cells and therefore maybe a potential alternative therapeutic target in LAM.
Molecular subtype and tumor characteristics of breast cancer metastases as assessed by gene expression significantly influence patient post-relapse survival
Authors: N.P. Tobin, J.C. Harrell, J. Lövrot, S. Egyhazi Brage, M. Frostvik Stolt, L. Carlsson, Z. Einbeigi, B. Linderholm, N. Loman, M. Malmberg, T. Walz, M. Fernö, C.M. Perou, J. Bergh, T. Hatschek, L.S. Lindström, Thomas Hatschek, Mårten Fernö, Linda Sofie Lindström, Ingrid Hedenfalk, Yvonne Brandberg, John Carstensen, Suzanne Egyhazy, Marianne Frostvik Stolt, Lambert Skoog, Mats Hellström, Maarit Maliniemi, Helene Svensson, Gunnar Åström, Jonas Bergh, Judith Bjöhle, Elisabet Lidbrink, Sam Rotstein, Birgitta Wallberg, Zakaria Einbeigi, Per Carlsson, Barbro Linderholm, Thomas Walz, Niklas Loman, Per Malmström, Martin Söderberg, Martin Malmberg, Lena Carlsson, None Umeå, Birgitta Lindh, Marie Sundqvist, Lena Malmberg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)

We and others have recently shown that tumor characteristics are altered throughout tumor progression. These findings emphasize the need for re-examination of tumor characteristics at relapse and have led to recommendations from ESMO and the Swedish Breast Cancer group. Here, we aim to determine whether tumor characteristics and molecular subtypes in breast cancer metastases confer clinically relevant prognostic information for patients.
Activation of platelets by autogenous vein grafts is not prevented by acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole
Authors: A. H GERSHLICK, Y D. SYNDERCOMBE-COURT, A. J MURDAY, C T. LEWIS, P. G MILLS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

We have shown previously that experimental autogenous vein grafts activate platelets for up to four months following operation. In the present study, animals were treated with middle dose ASA (10 mg·kg−1·24 h−1) plus dipyridamole (8 mg·kg−1·24 h−1) and followed for 8 months. Despite this treatment, platelets were activated by the vein graft for up to four months after operation but not after this time. Similarly, treatment with low dose ASA (0.5 mg·kg·24 h−1) plus dipyridamole (8 mg·kg−1·25 h−1), high dose ASA (40 mg·kg−1·24 h−1) plus dipyridamole (8 mg·kg−1·24 h−1), or dipyridamole alone (8 mg·kg−1·24 h−1), did not prevent the vein graft-induced activation of platelets. Full inhibition of platelet arachidonic acid metabolism was demonstrated in the high dose ASA plus dipyridamole group. These results suggest that the interaction between the vessel wall and platelet is not inhibited by ASA plus dipyridamole. Platelets have first to be activated before causing intimal hyperplasia. Since aspirin and dipyridamole did not prevent activation of platelets by the graft, this drug combination is unlikely to prevent the development of intimal hyperplasia in the graft wall.
Activity of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein in doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: L.-X. Fu, K.-G. Sjogren, Q.-M. Liang, F. Waagstein, J. Hoebeke, A. Hjalmarson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Activity of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein in doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy Get access Liang-Xiong Fu, Liang-Xiong Fu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Klas-Göran Sjögren, Klas-Göran Sjögren Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Qi-Ming Liang, Qi-Ming Liang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Finn Waagstein, Finn Waagstein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Johan Hoebeke, Johan Hoebeke Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Åke Hjalmarson Åke Hjalmarson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 2, February 1991, Pages 145–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.2.145 Published: 01 February 1991 Article history Received: 04 May 1990 Accepted: 15 October 1990 Published: 01 February 1991
INTRACORONARY THROMBOLYSIS IN EVOLVING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: J. Maddahi, W. Ganz, D. Berman, M. Fishbein, P. K. Shah, A. Waxman, H. J.C. Swan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Maddahi, J.; Ganz, W.; Berman, D.; Fishbein, M.; Shah, P. K.; Waxman, A.; Swan, H. J.C. Author Information
INTESTINAL LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INTRA-ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS, WITH REPORT OF FIVE CASES OF RESECTION OF THE ILEUM.
Authors: THOMAS A. ASHBY
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In the course of any operation within the abdomen the surgeon may encounter various forms of intestinal complications. These complications may vary from a simple adhesion to an extensive destruction of the bowel necessitating resection of an entire segment. The most common lesions are intestinal adhesions which attach the bowel walls to each other or to adjacent structures. These adhesions usually result from attacks of peritonitis, both local and general. They are often associated with fibroid, ovarian and other forms of intra-abdominal tumor. Tubercular peritonitis gives rise to the most extensive agglutination of the bowels among themselves. Pyosalpinx may extend to the rectum, sigmoid flexure and ileum, and so completely destroy the bowel as to necessitate a resection. The pus sac may rupture into the bowel at one or more points and establish drain canals with the intestinal tract. These are the gravest forms of bowel lesion and require radical
PROTECTOR FOR THE HAND IN INTUBATING THE LARYNX.
Authors: JOHN EDWIN RHODES
Journal: JAMA (1895)

One of the great dangers attending the operation of intubation, is that of injury to the hand of the operator, while introducing or extracting the tube. I have employed a number of devices for the protection of the hand and finger. Sometimes a heavy rubber cot, cut off at the closed end, and drawn well over the finger will answer the purpose with a very young child. With older children, protection for the finger alone is not sufficient, and lately, I have wrapped a piece of adhesive plaster about 4 or 5 centimeters in width about the knuckle of the index finger, as suggested to me by Dr. John Bartlett. This does very well, but takes time, and is not always obtainable. The protection of the knuckle and hand are necessary because the larynx is sometimes so far from the lips that, in order to carry the tip of the
Points: Early medical colour photography
Authors: J C Burne
Journal: BMJ (1979)

This would perhaps bring home to the DHSS the extent to which the consultants are financ- ing the Health Service by running their own cars.I personally as a consultant manage to run one mini.My wife wonders why I spend all this money running a car for the sake of the NHS when she never has the use of it.I feel that the time has come now for my wife to have the use of our car and to insist that the hospital provides transport when it is needed.
Intracellular regulation of the production and release of human erythroid-directed lymphokines.
Authors: N Dainiak, S Sorba
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) is released from B lymphocytes in soluble (sBPA) and membrane-bound (mBPA) forms. To study intracellular processes involved in production of these physically separable factors, we measured their time course release into serum-free medium from B cells that were pulse-exposed for 5-240 min to nonmitogenic base medium or inhibitors of energy-dependent metabolism (2,4-dinitrophenol, sodium azide, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose), transcription and translation (actinomycin D and cycloheximide), replicative DNA synthesis (cytosine arabinoside), or posttranslational processing (monensin). mBPA and sBPA were initially detectable after 1 and 2 h, respectively. Maximum cumulative levels of 8 +/- 0.6 and 9 +/- 1.0 U/ml, respectively, were reached after 8 h. In contrast, cumulative mBPA and sBPA levels in medium prepared from cells treated with metabolic inhibitors were reduced by up to 90%. Both surface exfoliation and mBPA expression by intact plasma membranes were diminished. Whereas pulse-exposure to cytosine arabinoside had no effect, treatment with actinomycin D or cycloheximide abolished BPA expression. Exposure to monensin reduced mBPA and sBPA levels to zero in a concentration-and time-dependent fashion. We conclude that production and release of BPA is an energy-dependent process, requiring mRNA synthesis and translation and posttranslational remodeling of the protein but not replicative DNA synthesis.
Percutaneous Aortic Balloon Valvuloplasty in Octogenarians: Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Stephen T. Brady
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To examine the morbidity, mortality, and hospital course of an elderly patient sample (mean age, 86 years; 95% CI, 84 to 87) having percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty. Design: Retrospective consecutive case series before and after balloon valvuloplasty. Setting: Tertiary care referral hospital. Patients: Consecutive sample of 26 patients aged 80 years or older with symptomatic aortic stenosis referred for balloon valvuloplasty from July 1987 to July 1988. Measurements and Main Results: Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty reduced the transvalvular gradient from 59 (95% CI, 51 to 67) to 31 mm Hg (95% CI, 26 to 35; P < 0.0001) and increased aortic valve area from 0.45 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.51) to 0.67 cm2 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.76; P < 0.0001). The mean length of hospital stay for the entire study population was 11.2 days (95% CI, 7.3 to 15.2) at a total hospital charge per patient of $29 600 (95% CI, 21 050 to 38 150). For patients having procedural complications (11 complications in 8 patients), surgical procedures, or cardiogenic shock, the mean hospital stay increased to 16.2 days (95% CI, 6.2 to 26.2; P < 0.05) and the hospital charge increased to $44 400 (95% CI, 24 280 to 64 520; P < 0.01). Two patients who presented with cardiogenic shock died, and 1 patient had an aortic valve replacement before discharge. Four patients were recently discharged ( < 1 month) and follow-up was obtained in the remaining 19 patients at 6.1 months (95% CI, 4.1 to 8.1). Five more patients, including the remaining patient who presented with cardiogenic shock, died after discharge for an overall mortality of 32%. Twelve of the remaining fourteen patients had fewer symptoms and improved an average of 1.1 New York Heart Association classes (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.4; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty in patients 80 years and older improves hemodynamics and symptoms of heart failure during short-term follow-up in most patients, but overall mortality is high in this elderly patient population. Hospital charges and length of stay were much higher in patients with complications or coexisting medical illnesses. Valvuloplasty is a reasonable alternative treatment for patients with aortic stenosis who require palliative treatment of symptoms and have high surgical risk.
Effect of a bronchial provocation test with house‐dust mite on blood eosinophilia, eosinophil cationic protein, soluble interleukin‐2 receptor, and interleukin‐6 in asthmatic children
Authors: H. P. Van Bever, M. M. Moens, C. H. Bridts, L. S. De Clerck, A. V. Mertens, E. Bosmans, W. J. Stevens
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Eighteen children with perennial asthma and allergy to house-dust mite (HDM) underwent a bronchial challenge with HDM. Before and 24 h after the test, a venous blood sample was taken to determine levels of eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). A histamine challenge was performed before and 24 h after the HDM challenge. All subjects showed an immediate asthmatic reaction (IAR). A definite late asthmatic reaction (LAR) was observed in 15 children, a probable LAR in two, and no LAR in one. Because of persistent bronchial obstruction (FEV1 < 70%), eight children were unable to perform a histamine challenge 24 h after the allergen challenge. These were the children with the lowest prechallenge provocation dose (PD20) of histamine. In the other 10 children, the mean PD20 histamine decreased after the HDM challenge (mean PD20 before was 0.56 mg/ml; after challenge it was 0.14 mg/ml; P = 0.007). After the HDM challenge, an increase was detected in the mean values of blood eosinophils (mean before was 446/mm3; mean after was 733/mm3; P = 0.002), ECP (mean before was 26.3 micrograms/l; mean after was 34.3 micrograms/l; P < 0.040), and IL-2R (mean before was 116.35 U/ml; mean after was 128.52 U/ml; P < 0.040). On the other hand, IL-6 remained unchanged after the HDM challenge (mean before was 9.47 pg/l; mean after was 9.70 pg/l; P = 0.360).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
QRS voltage criteria can be useful
Authors: Peter J Bourdillon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Pewsner et al take no account of age or race when assessing accuracy of electrocardiography (ECG) for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).1 Ignoring them reduces specificity,2 and results in ?disease of electrocardiographic origin? in screening programmes. In particular, the upper normal limits of QRS voltages in black men are greater than in white men, while the difference between black and white women increases with age.3 

We routinely report upper limits of …