tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pityriasis rubra pilaris in the setting of HIV infection: clinical behaviour and association with explosive cystic acne
Authors: ANN G. MARTIN, CASSANDRA C. WEAVER, C. J. COCKERELL, T. G. BERGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The development of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) in three patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is described. Two of the patients had onset of severe generalized cystic acne concomitant with their development of PRP. PRP and acne conglobata should be added to the group of cutaneous disorders that can present in a more virulent manner in the setting of HIV infection. The association of cystic acne with PRP and their response to treatment are discussed.
The effect of topical isoprenaline on psoriatic skin
Authors: N. S. DAS, T. N. CHOWDARY, C. SOBHANADRI, K. V. RAO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Twelve patients with psoriasis were treated by the topical application of 0.1% isoprenaline sulphate ointment for 10 days. Topical white vaseline was used as a control in three patients with psoriasis. The mean glycogen level was found to be decreased significantly (from 120 +/- s.d. 40 to 58 +/- s.d. 26 mg/100 g of wet weight of involved skin) after topical application of 0.1 isoprenaline sulphate and the scaling also disappeared. Topical application of white vaseline did not produce any significant change in glycogen levels or scaling. The changes after isoprenaline application may have been due to an increase in the ratio of cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP which inhibited cell turnover and increased glycogenolysis.
Suboptimal Medication Use in the Elderly
Authors: Jerry H. Gurwitz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The problem of inappropriate prescribing of medications to older patients is widely acknowledged and has been publicized by professional societies, governmental organizations, advocacy groups for the elderly, and the media. However, the true magnitude of the problem remains unclear. Although the use of antipsychotic medications in the nursing home setting has come under considerable scrutiny,<sup>1</sup>it is generally recognized that suboptimal prescribing to the elderly extends well beyond excessive prescribing of this single drug category. Yet, to date, information regarding the quality of drug prescribing to geriatric patients in other clinical settings has been extremely limited, and claims about suboptimal prescribing have been based more on anecdote and conjecture than on actual data. Which pharmacotherapeutic domains comprise the most serious problem areas and how frequently inappropriate prescribing actually occurs are just some of the questions that need to be more fully answered to develop strategies to improve the quality
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: The Puzzle People: Memoirs of a Transplant Surgeon
Authors: Richard S. Panush
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 May 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: The Puzzle People: Memoirs of a Transplant SurgeonRichard S. Panush, MD and Francis C. Nance, MDRichard S. Panush, MDSaint Barnabas Medical Center and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Livingston, NJ 07039.Search for more papers by this author and Francis C. Nance, MDSaint Barnabas Medical Center and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Livingston, NJ 07039.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Puzzle People: Memoirs of a Transplant SurgeonThomas E. Starzl. 440 pages. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press; 1992. $24.95.Organ transplantation is one of the great medical advances of our era. The simplistic notion of treating organ failure by introducing new body parts was made possible only by communities of immunologists, surgeons, and medical subspecialists working together to solve the formidable problems of organ procurement and rejection and to address related issues of ethics, societal costs, and funding priorities. Few aspects of modern medicine touch so many areas. Few have been so visible to the public, and few have aroused ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard S. Panush, MD; Francis C. Nance, MDAffiliations: Saint Barnabas Medical Center and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Livingston, NJ 07039. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 10Page: 829-830KeywordsChildrenEmotionsLiver transplantationOrgan transplantationScientistsSub-specialty careSurgeonsSurgeryTouchTransplantation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
An action spectrum for 8-MOP induced sunburn cells in mammalian epidermis
Authors: A.R. YOUNG, I.A. MAGNUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

The histological change known as individual cell shrinkage necrosis (so‐called ‘sunburn cell’ in mammalian epidermis) would seem to be suitable for quantitative morphological studies on the effect of psoralen treatment and near UV irradiation. The number of sunburn cells per unit length of epidermis versus varying doses of narrow waveband UVR, 305–375 nm, has been studied and an action spectrum constructed which had maximal activity at 320–335 nm. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Are Right-Sided Colectomy Outcomes Different From Left-Sided Colectomy Outcomes?
Authors: Mary R. Kwaan, Waddah B. Al-Refaie, Helen M. Parsons, Christopher J. Chow, David A. Rothenberger, Elizabeth B. Habermann
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Importance: Optimization of surgical outcomes after colectomy continues to be actively studied, but most studies group right-sided and left-sided colectomies together.Objective: To determine whether the complication rate differs between right-sided and left-sided colectomies for cancer.As a secondary analysis, we investigated hospital length of stay. Design:We identified patients who underwent colectomy for colon cancer in the 2005-2008 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and stratified cases by right and left side.Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were compared.Multivariable techniques were used to assess the impact of the side of colectomy on operative outcome measures, adjusting for covariates.Setting: Hospitals within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.Patients: We identified 4875 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic or open colectomy for right-sided or left-sided colon cancer in the database.Main Outcomes and Measures: Major complications and surgical site infection (SSI) rates.Results: In the 4875 colectomies studied, a laparoscopic approach was used in 42% of cases and at similar frequency in right-sided and left-sided colectomies.Thirtyday mortality (1.5%) was similar in both groups.Major complications were seen in 17% of patients in each group.Superficial SSI was more likely to occur in patients who underwent left-sided colectomy (8.2% vs 5.9%).Among patients with postoperative sepsis or deep or organ space SSIs, more patients in the left-sided colectomy group underwent reoperation compared with the right-sided colectomy group (56% vs 30%).Laparoscopic right-sided colectomy patients were more likely to have a prolonged hospital length of stay than laparoscopic left-sided colectomy patients (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.09-1.78). Conclusions and Relevance:The outcomes after colectomy for cancer are comparable in right-sided and leftsided resections, except for in the case of superficial SSI, which is less common in right-sided resections.Further research on SSI after colectomy should incorporate right vs left side as a potential preoperative risk factor.
Alignment and Phylogenetic Analysis of beta-Fibrinogen Intron 7 Sequences Among Avian Orders Reveal Conserved Regions Within the Intron
Authors: T. M. Prychitko
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

We sequenced β-fibrinogen intron 7 (β-fibint 7) from 28 species of birds, representing 18 families in nine orders. Although the antiquity of the avian orders is estimated to be 55 to 90 Myr, and numerous indels have accrued among diverging lineages, the intron sequences were not difficult to align. However, alignment of avian sequences with mammal or snake sequences was difficult, and the residual phylogenetic signal was weak. β-fibint 7 is an AT-rich intron, and its base composition varies little over the diversity of birds represented by our sample. Alignment of these anciently diverged sequences reveals at least five clusters of conserved nucleotides; at least two clusters appear to be in excess of the minimal set usually associated with intron excision, but their functions are unknown. Two equally most-parsimonious (MP) trees were found when indels were not included in the phylogenetic analysis, and six such trees were found when indels were included. The Neighbor-Joining and maximum-likelihood trees were identical to each other and to one of the MP trees in each MP analysis. Indels, as well as nucleotide substitutions, are phylogenetically informative, and bootstrap support exceeded 90% for 21 of 24 inferred nodes when indels were included in the MP analysis. All traditional orders represented by two or more species appear monophyletic. Relationships among avian orders are strongly supported with the exception of an inferred sister-group relationship between Caprimulgiformes and Columbiformes. A relatively close relationship between Piciformes and Passeriformes is inferred, at odds with earlier DNA-DNA hybridization studies but consistent with traditional classifications. Among Passeriformes, the traditional perspective of a sister-group relationship of suboscines and oscines is supported, as is the subsequent split of the oscines into a lineage representative of the Corvida before the diversification of the Passerida. The four species of owls divide into two strongly supported clades, corresponding to the widely accepted bifurcation of owls into two families, Tytonidae and Strigidae. A sister-group relationship between gallinaceous birds and waterfowl, the Galloanserae, is also strongly supported.
Gulf war veterans have no common pattern of peripheral nerve damage
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Neurological testing of sick British Gulf war veterans has found no evidence of a pattern of peripheral nerve damage, according to research from the Gulf War Illness Research Unit at Guy's, King's, and St Thomas's School of Medicine in London.

The research, published in the current issue of the journal Neurology (2002;59:1518-25), drew a barrage of criticism from veterans' groups, who say it lacks independence because it was funded by the Ministry of Defence.

While the Gulf war veterans who participated in the study had poorer overall health than other servicemen who acted as controls, the researchers found no extra burden of peripheral nerve damage. The study tested 49 …
Role of nitric oxide in regulation of coronary blood flow during myocardial ischemia in dogs
Authors: Masafumi Kitakaze, Koichi Node, Tetsuo Minamino, Hiroaki Kosaka, Yoshiro Shinozaki, Hidezo Mori, Michitoshi Inoue, Masatsugu Hori, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
THE TREND OF PRESENT-DAY MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: JAMES C. MASSON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The trend of present-day medical education is toward scientific medicine and specialization. This is probably not altogether due to a desire on the part of a majority of physicians to limit their field of practice but is the natural reaction on their part to a demand made by the public. The natural result of specialization has been to increase the cost of adequate medical attention, and this works a real hardship on persons of moderate means. Before it can be said that this change is a definite advance, it must be possible to prove that better treatment is afforded the majority of the sick and afflicted than would be possible under general practitioners, medical consultants and general surgeons.  Until recently, a medical graduate was considered competent to treat manner of ills, and only in obscure and complicated cases would a consultation be considered necessary. The result of such a system
Gallium-67 Imaging of Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: S SOLFANELLI, P FAZZI, P L GHILARDI, G BIANCHI, C SENATORE, U SIMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

The localization of an undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lymphoepithelioma) in the roof of the pharynx can be a problem. Often multiple random biopsies are necessary to make a histologic diagnosis. Imaging of this tumor has been described in the past and only three positive cases using labeled chlormerodrin are reported in the literature. A single case using Ga-67 is reported here.
New guidance for troponin assays
Authors: A. Timmis
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Drives down diagnostic thresholds in acute myocardial infarction 

The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes requires documentation of changing troponin concentrations in the first 24 hours, with at least one value being above the diagnostic threshold.1 Although high sensitivity troponin assays have recently enabled the diagnostic threshold to be reduced, new guidance from the biochemistry group of the Global Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction raises the prospect of further reductions.2 The guidance recommends that the 99th centile value for plasma troponin is adopted irrespective of assay imprecision, whereas an assay coefficient of variation of 10% or less was mandated previously. In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.e1533), Mills and colleagues examined the potential clinical impact of this new guidance in a cohort of patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes.3

The study’s main finding was that application of the new guidance increased the proportion of patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction. This was a predictable …
Abstract 3328: Novel regulation of HER2 degradation and breast cancer cell proliferation by junctional adhesion molecule-a (JAM-A)
Authors: Kieran Brennan, Elaine A. McSherry, Lance Hudson, Elaine W. Kay, Leonie S. Young, Arnold DK Hill, Ann M. Hopkins
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: We have previously shown that the adhesion protein Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) is over-expressed in a population of aggressive and metastatic breast tumours, and that it regulates the migration of breast cells. JAM-dependent regulation of migration could contribute to the likelihood of metastatic disease, since migration is an early event in metastasis. Our objective was to further interrogate the links between JAM-A signalling and markers of disease progression in breast cancer. Approach and Results: Immunohistochemical analysis of JAM-A in two breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMA) revealed that high JAM-A expression correlated significantly with HER2 protein expression, ERnegativity, high grade breast cancers and aggressive luminal B, HER2 and basal subtypes of breast cancer. Using LCC1 and MCF7-HER2 cells which co-express high levels of JAM-A and HER2, we silenced the gene expression of each one in order to examine potential consequences for protein expression of the other. Knockdown of HER2 had no effect on JAM-A protein levels, but knockdown of JAM-A significantly reduced the protein expression of HER2 and its downstream pro-survival effector pAkt. Accordingly, JAM-A knockdown increased apoptosis via a pathway involving Akt activation, as evidenced by apoptosis normalisation upon pharmacological inhibition of Akt. The expressional regulation of HER2 and pAkt by JAM-A was sensitive to inhibition by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132, suggesting that JAM-A regulates the proteasomal degradation of HER2. Finally, over-expression of wild-type JAM-A was sufficient to significantly enhance proliferative and migratory behaviour in breast cell lines. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with a model whereby JAM-A expression inhibits the proteasomal degradation of HER2, facilitating a pro-survival phenotype through increased Akt activity. Therefore JAM-A antagonists may have future therapeutic value in the treatment of breast tumours overexpressing HER2. Citation Format: Kieran Brennan, Elaine A. McSherry, Lance Hudson, Elaine W. Kay, Leonie S. Young, Arnold DK Hill, Ann M. Hopkins. Novel regulation of HER2 degradation and breast cancer cell proliferation by junctional adhesion molecule-a (JAM-A). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3328. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3328
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia and Pulmonary Small-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: STEPHEN DAVIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1985Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia and Pulmonary Small-Cell CarcinomaSTEPHEN DAVIS, M.D., PIETRO RAMBOTTI, M.D., FAUSTO GRIGNANI, M.D., KENNETH STEINHOUSE, M.D.STEPHEN DAVIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PIETRO RAMBOTTI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FAUSTO GRIGNANI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KENNETH STEINHOUSE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-638_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (1) is a rare but well-documented complication of malignant diseases. According to Horne and Cooper (2) only 59 cases have been reported, almost exclusively with adenocarcinomas (2), most commonly (50%) gastric but also breast, pancreatic, ovarian, prostatic and colonic. Only seven possible cases of this complication have been associated with bronchogenic carcinoma, and none with small-cell characteristics (2, 3). In the last 8 years we have seen 3 cases associated with biopsy-proven small-cell carcinoma of the lung.The peripheral blood smears of 167 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed small-cell carcinoma were reviewed for microangiopathic...References1. BRAINDACIVEHOURIHANE MJD: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia: the possible role of vascular lesions in its pathogenesis. Br J Haematol. 1962;8:358-74. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HORNECOOPER MB. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with metastasis adenocarcinoma: response to chemotherapy. South Med J. 1982;75:503-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ANTMANSKARINMAYERHARGREAVESCANELLOS KARHG. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and cancer: a review. Medicine (Baltimore). 1979;58:377-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LOHRMANNWOLFGANGHEYMERKUBANEK HGBB. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in metastatic carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 1973;79:368-75. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chilton Memorial Hospital Pompton Plains, NJ 07444 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCancer-Related Microangiopathic Hemolytic AnemiaMicroangiopathic haemolytic anaemia in metastatic malignancyHEMOLYTIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH CANCERVTVRE OU LAISSER MOURIRDiagnose und Differentialdiagnose hämolytischer AnämienHemolytic uremic syndrome in a patient with small cell lung cancerHematologic disorders associated with cancer: I. Red blood cell disorders 1 October 1985Volume 103, Issue 4Page: 638-638KeywordsAdenocarcinomaBloodHemolytic anemiaLung and intrathoracic tumorsPulmonary diseases Issue Published: 1 October 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Warfarin: Less May Be Better
Authors: Michael D. Adelman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 August 1997Warfarin: Less May Be BetterMichael D. Adelman, MDMichael D. Adelman, MDSaint Vincent Health Center; Erie, PA 16502Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-4-199708150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Harrison and colleagues [1] compared 10-mg and 5-mg loading doses of warfarin. Subsequent doses were determined by nomograms. Most physicians would consider the loading dose to be the dose or doses given over the first few days or until an end point had been reached (for example, an international normalized ratio [INR] of 2 to 3). It would be useful to know what the nomograms were to better evaluate the effect of the “loading dose” versus subsequent doses on the data.References1. Harrison L, Johnston M, Massicotte MP, Crowther M, Moffat K, Hirsh J. Comparison of 5-mg and 10-mg loading doses in initiation of warfarin therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:133-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael D. Adelman, MDAffiliations: Saint Vincent Health Center; Erie, PA 16502Corresponding Author: Michael A. LaCombe, MD, 103 South High Street, Bridgton, ME 04009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOptimal loading dose of warfarin for the initiation of oral anticoagulation 15 August 1997Volume 127, Issue 4Page: 332KeywordsInternational normalized ratio ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Increased Toxicity and Reduced Clearance of Lidocaine by Cimetidine
Authors: JOHN FEELY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Cimetidine reduces liver blood flow and the systemic clearance of drugs, such as propranolol, that are highly extracted by the liver. In a randomized placebo-controlled study, we examined the influence of cimetidine, 300 mg four times daily for 1 d, on the disposition of lidocaine, 1 mg/kg body weight by a 10-minute intravenous infusion. Cimetidine reduced the systemic clearance of lidocaine from 766 ± 50 mL/min to 576 ± 47 mL/min (p < 0.05); the apparent volume of distribution at steady-state and the degree of plasma protein binding of lidocaine also were decreased. Five of the six subjects noted lidocaine toxicity during the cimetidine infusion in contrast to one subject on the placebo day. The peak lidocaine concentration (mean ± SE) was 50% ± 10% higher when subjects received cimetidine. This study provides additional evidence that the effect of cimetidine on the elimination of other drugs has multiple factors, and shows a previously unrecognized mechanism, involving altered initial drug distribution, whereby the interaction of cimetidine with other drugs may cause toxicity.