tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rate of change of haemoglobin A1 in diabetic patients.
Authors: A P Brooks, J Baird, I M Nairn
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The classicdl caesarean section would avoid both of these problems, although it is associa- ted with more postoperative morbidity and makes a repeat caesarean section very likely.For these reasons it is not applicable to every patient in progressive preterm labour with a breech presentation, but it is perhaps worthy of consideration in some cases.
Survival After Bilateral Versus Single-Lung Transplantation for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Gabriel Thabut
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Patients with end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are increasingly having bilateral rather than single-lung transplantation. Objective: To compare survival after single and bilateral lung transplantation in patients with IPF. Design: Analysis of data from the United Network of Organ Sharing registry. Setting: Transplantation centers in the United States. Patients: 3327 patients with IPF who had single (2146 patients [64.5%]) or bilateral (1181 patients [35.5%]) lung transplantation between 1987 and 2009. Measurements: Survival times and causes of death after lung transplantation. Selection bias was accounted for by multivariate risk adjustment, propensity score risk adjustment, and propensity-based matching. Results: Median survival time was longer after bilateral lung transplantation than single-lung transplantation (5.2 years [CI, 4.3 to 6.7 years] vs. 3.8 years [CI, 3.6 to 4.1 years]; P < 0.001). However, survival times for the 2 procedures did not differ after adjustment for baseline differences, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality with bilateral transplantation ranging from 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.02) to 0.96 (CI, 0.77 to 1.20) in different analyses. Bilateral lung transplantation seemed to result in harm within the first year (HR, 1.18 [CI, 0.98 to 1.42]) but survival benefit thereafter (HR, 0.72 [CI, 0.59 to 0.87]). Primary graft failure was a more common cause of death among patients who had bilateral rather than single-lung transplantation (3.7% vs. 1.9%; P = 0.002). Cancer was a more common cause of death among patients who had single rather than bilateral lung transplantation (unadjusted HR for death among single vs. bilateral transplant recipients, 3.60 [CI, 2.16 to 6.05]; P <0.001). Limitation: Causes of death were ascertained without an adjudication committee and must be interpreted cautiously. Conclusion: Survival did not differ between patients who had single and bilateral lung transplantation. Single-lung transplantation confers short-term survival benefit but long-term harm, whereas bilateral transplantation confers short-term harm but long-term survival benefit. Primary Funding Source: None.
Re: Rodolfo Montironi, Marina Scarpelli, Liang Cheng, et al. Immunoglobulin G4–related Disease in Genitourinary Organs: An Emerging Fibroinflammatory Entity Often Misdiagnosed Preoperatively as Cancer. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.056
Authors: Jérôme Verine
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Amelioration of epidermolysis bullosa by transfer of wild-type bone marrow cells
Authors: Jakub Tolar, Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto, Megan Riddle, Ron T. McElmurry, Mark Osborn, Lily Xia, Troy Lund, Catherine Slattery, Jouni Uitto, Angela M. Christiano, John E. Wagner, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2008)
Severe hemorrhage in children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Cindy E. Neunert, George R. Buchanan, Paul Imbach, Paula H. B. Bolton-Maggs, Carolyn M. Bennett, Ellis J. Neufeld, Sara K. Vesely, Leah Adix, Victor S. Blanchette, Thomas Kühne
Journal: Blood (2008)
194 TIPS-PROCEDURE DOES NOT CHANGE ENDOTOXIN LEVELS IN BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: J. Trebicka, A. Krag, S. Gansweid, B. Appenrodt, P. Schiedermaier, T. Sauerbruch, U. Spengler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Metoprolol-Induced Changes in Myocardial <sup>123</sup> I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Uptake in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kevin C. Allman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

In the November 14, 2000, issue of Circulation, de Milliano et al 1 presented an interesting case of improved cardiac uptake of the radioiodinated norepinephrine analogue 123 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) after administration of metoprolol for symptomatic orthostatic hypotension in a patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.The authors attributed this finding to "restoration of functional nerve endings in the myocardium with metoprolol."They went on to state, "MIBG is a structural analogue of norepinephrine and follows the same metabolic pathways as norepinephrine."This is not completely so.MIBG is indeed a norepinephrine analogue.It traces the uptake-1 transport for norepinephrine in the (presynaptic) sympathetic nerve terminals and subsequent vesicular storage. 2 It also undergoes nonspecific binding (ie, nonneuronal, uptake-2 mechanism) in the myocardium.Importantly, this is where MIBG stops acting like norepinephrine.It is not metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase or monoamine oxidase.The improved uptake observed presumably relates to an indirect increase in uptake-1 mechanism after administration of metoprolol.
PC-1/PrLZ Contributes to Malignant Progression in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hui Zhang, Jian Wang, Bo Pang, Rui-xia Liang, Suping Li, Pei-tang Huang, Ruoxiang Wang, Leland W.K. Chung, Haiyen E. Zhau, Cuifen Huang, Jian-guang Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract PC-1/PrLZ gene overexpression has been identified to be associated with prostate cancer progression. Previous studies have revealed that PC-1 possesses transforming activity and confers malignant phenotypes to mouse NIH3T3 cells. However, the functional relevance of PC-1 expression changes during prostate cancer development and progression remains to be evaluated. In this study, gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses in LNCaP and C4-2 cells, respectively, were implemented. Experimental data showed that PC-1 expression was in positive correlation with prostate cancer cell growth and anchor-independent colony formation in vitro, as well as tumorigenicity in athymic BALB/c mice. Moreover, PC-1 expression was also found to promote androgen-independent progression and androgen antagonist Casodex resistance in prostate cancer cells. These results indicate that PC-1 contributes to androgen-independent progression and malignant phenotypes in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, molecular evidence revealed that PC-1 expression stimulated Akt/protein kinase B signaling pathway, which has been implicated to play important roles in promoting androgen refractory progression in prostate cancer. Increased PC-1 levels in C4-2 cells may represent an adaptive response in prostate cancer, mediating androgen-independent growth and malignant progression. Inhibiting PC-1 expression may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to delay prostate cancer progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8906–13]
Regulator launches consultation proposals on new hospital inspection regime
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Patients in England will be better served by a new regime of hospital inspection and regulation that will produce “definitive” ratings of care quality, the Care Quality Commission has said.

The CQC’s chairman, David Prior, said that inspectors would focus on “things that are meaningful to people, not on bureaucratic processes,” and that the new regime would be a radical break from the past.

Under the consultation proposals, published on 17 June, specialist teams would inspect hospitals to check whether …
Spicy Food and the Stomach
Authors: David Y. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We used videoendoscopy to investigate the effect of eating spicy foods on the gastric mucosa. We employed four meals: a bland meal of unpeppered steak and french fries (negative control), a bland meal with 1950 mg of aspirin (positive control), a spicy Mexican meal (30 g of jalapeño peppers), and a pepperoni pizza. Twelve subjects (eight men and four women, aged 24 to 43 years) were studied in a randomized, crossover trial with the test meal given at the noon and evening meals; each subject received all four test meals. Each study consisted of a baseline endoscopy, which was repeated approximately 12 hours after the last test meal. Gastric and duodenal damage was scored using a modification of the Lanza scale. Eleven of 12 individuals taking the bland meal plus aspirin developed multiple gastric erosions (median score, C; which equates with "severe" injury). In contrast, the median endoscopic score for the other three meals was O. Single cases of a single erosion were present after the Mexican meals and after the pizza meals. Another experiment was done to examine the effect of spices directly on the gastric mucosa; approximately 30 g of fresh jalapeño peppers was ground in a food processor and then placed directly into the stomach. Endoscopy after 24 hours revealed no visible mucosal damage. The ingestion of highly spiced meals by normal individuals is not associated with endoscopically demonstrable gastroduodenal mucosal damage. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3473-3475)
Sarcolemmal alterations during the development of genetically determined cardiomyopathy
Authors: V. PANAGIA, J. N SINGH, M. B ANAND-SRIVASTAVA, G. N PIERCE, G. JASMIN, N. S DHALLA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

The purpose of this study was to identify alterations in specific enzyme and Ca2+ binding activities in cardiac sarcolemmal fractions from UM – X7.1 myopathic Syrian hamsters during the development of cardiomyopathy. Experimental and healthy control animals were examined from 25 to 200 days of age. Sarcolemmal Na+, K+-ATPase activity was depressed in the myopathic hamsters throughout the time course of this study. Sarcolemmal ATP-independent Ca2+ binding was found to be depressed in experimental animals as early as 55 days of age. Ca2+-stimulated, Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity was depressed in the experimental animals by 90 days of age and this decrease in enzyme activity was accompanied by a decrease in ATP-dependent Ca2+ binding capacity of the sarcolemmal membranes. Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities were only affected in the latter stages of the disease (155 to 200 days old). NaF, epinephrine and Gpp(NH)p stimulation of the sarcolemmal adenylate cyclase activity was also observed to be attenuated during the latter stages of the disease. These defects in adenylate cyclase system of the sarcolemmal fraction appeared specific since basal adenylate cyclase activity was not altered at any age studied. The results demonstrate that the earliest lesions in sarcolemmal activity in myopathic hamster heart occur in Na+, K+-ATPase and ATP-independent Ca2+ binding capacity. These defects correspond temporally to the initial stages of cardiac necrotic development in this strain of myopathic hamster.
Esthesioneuroblastoma Demonstrated on Bone Scan Correlation with CT and MRI
Authors: DEAN J. SHANLEY, ARTHUR B. BUCKNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A patient had esthesioneuroblastoma with intracranial extension, bony destruction involving the base of the skull, and distant metastases demonstrated on bone scan. Evaluation with CT and MRI helped delineate the extent of bony destruction and revealed unexpected involvement of the left temporal lobe. Bone scan, CT, and MRI examinations provided important complementary information in the evaluation of this rare neoplasm.
An Inducible Mouse Model of Melanoma Expressing a Defined Tumor Antigen
Authors: Ivo J. Huijbers, Paul Krimpenfort, Patrick Chomez, Martin A. van der Valk, Ji-Ying Song, Else-Marit Inderberg-Suso, Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst, Anton Berns, Benoît J. Van den Eynde
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy based on vaccination with defined tumor antigens has not yet shown strong clinical efficacy, despite promising results in preclinical models. This discrepancy might result from the fact that available preclinical models rely on transplantable tumors, which do not recapitulate the long-term host-tumor interplay that occurs in patients during progressive tumor development and results in tumor tolerance. To create a faithful preclinical model for cancer immunotherapy, we generated a transgenic mouse strain developing autologous melanomas expressing a defined tumor antigen recognized by T cells. We chose the antigen encoded by P1A, a well-characterized murine cancer germ line gene. To transform melanocytes, we aimed at simultaneously activating the Ras pathway and inactivating tumor suppressor Ink4a/Arf, thereby reproducing two genetic events frequently observed in human melanoma. The melanomas are induced by s.c. injection of 4-OH-tamoxifen (OHT). By activating a CreER recombinase expressed from a melanocyte-specific promoter, this treatment induces the loss of the conditional Ink4a/Arf gene in melanocytes. Because the CreER gene itself is also flanked by loxP sites, the activation of CreER also induces the deletion of its own coding sequence and thereby allows melanocyte-specific expression of genes H-ras and P1A, which are located downstream on the same transgene. All melanomas induced in those mice with OHT show activation of the Ras pathway and deletion of gene Ink4a/Arf. In addition, these melanomas express P1A and are recognized by P1A-specific T lymphocytes. This model will allow to characterize the interactions between the immune system and naturally occurring tumors and thereby to optimize immunotherapy approaches targeting a defined tumor antigen. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(6): 3278-86)
Hypnosis in the Casualty Department
Authors: L. Goldie
Journal: BMJ (1956)

PENICILLIN BJURNAL levels, no significant interaction terms were found in the analysis of variance to indicate a difference between penicillins G and V in this respect.The chief difference between the two drugs was found in the blood levels at three and five hours, when penicillin V was much more reliable in producing detectable blood levels.This small experiment indicates that, in children at least, adequate blood levels may be reasonably expected up to three hours and possibly up to five hours following oral administration of 120 mg. of penicillin V (free acid). SummaryThe small investigation in children heredescribedindicates: (1) that penicillin V (free acid) and penicillin G given by mouth in equivalent amounts give similar blood levels at one hour after administration; (2) that, never- theless, penicillin V may not infrequently show consider- able delay in absorption; (3) that three hours after administration penicillin V gives higher blood levels than penicillin G, and that these may persist, though diminished, till five hours; (4) that higher blood levels are obtained when either of these penicillins is given half an hour after food than when administered one hour before food.We are indebted to Dr.
Single HSV-amplicon vector mediates drug-induced gene expression via dimerizer system
Authors: Samuel Wang, Jeremy Petravicz, Xandra O Breakefield
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

A variety of viral vectors have been used to deliver genes into various tissues. Most have typically relied on either viral or cell-specific mammalian promoters to express transgenes. More recently, regulated promoter systems have been developed to fine-tune gene expression. Due to limited transgene capacity in most viral vectors, regulatory elements are typically subcloned into two separate vectors, which must be delivered simultaneously to a target cell. Here, we have cloned all the components of the rapamycin-based "dimerizer" system into the pantropic HSV-amplicon vector and used it to deliver and regulate red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression in cultured cells in a drug-dose-dependent manner. 293T/17 cells infected at an m.o.i. of 1 transducing unit/cell and induced with 20 nM rapamycin resulted in a 25-fold increase in RFP mRNA levels after 24 h as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. However, due to a reduced ability to detect RFP optically, only a 5-fold induction in the number of RFP-expressing cells was noted by FACS analysis 48 h after infection. Further, there was at least 100-fold variation in the levels of RFP in individual, infected cells in the induced state. Gene induction in several neuronal models, including primary cell culture and organotypic cultures, as well as in rodent brain, was observed.
Defining Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease for American Indians
Authors: Todd S. Harwell, Carrie S. Oser, Nicholas J. Okon, Crystelle C. Fogle, Steven D. Helgerson, Dorothy Gohdes
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Disparities in stroke and heart disease have been well defined in many populations in the United States. Relatively few studies, however, have assessed current disparities in cardiovascular disease in American Indian populations and compared trends with other regions of the United States.Using mortality data, age-adjusted all-cause, heart disease, and stroke mortality rates (per 100,000) were calculated for American Indians and whites from 1991 to 1995 and 1996 to 2000. The all-cause mortality rate was strikingly higher for American Indians than for whites. For example, during 1996 to 2000, the all-cause mortality rate for American Indians (1317, +/-61) was more than half again greater than that for whites (831, +/-8). Heart disease mortality declined significantly in whites (237 to 216 per 100,000) in Montana over the past decade and declined, although not significantly, in American Indians (326 to 283 per 100,000). Stroke mortality also declined significantly in whites (64 to 60 per 100,000) but not in American Indians (80 to 81 per 100,000) during this time period. The proportion of deaths before age 65 years for heart disease and stroke was considerably higher in Indian men (45% and 36%) and Indian women (29% and 28%) compared with white men (21% and 11%) and white women (8% and 7%).The disparity in heart disease and stroke mortality exists between American Indians and whites in Montana. Regional or state-level surveillance data will be needed to describe the changing patterns of heart disease and stroke mortality and cardiovascular risk factors in many native communities in the United States and Canada.
Echocardiographic and hemodynamic relationships of ejection sounds.
Authors: P G Mills, B Brodie, L McLaurin, S Schall, E Craige
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The physiologic correlates of ejection sounds have been studied by simultaneous phonocardiograms, echocardiograms and high fidelity pressure tracings. Ejection sounds associated with semilunar valve stenosis or hypertension of the systemic or pulmonary circulation occur at the moment of complete opening of the aortic or pulmonary valve recorded echocardiographically. The start of opening of these valves occurs at the onset of the pressure rise in the corresponding great vessel and completion of valve opening always occurs on the pressure upstroke. The ejection sound in the presence of stenotic valves occurs with checking of the opening motion of the thickened valve cusps. Although the hypertensive ejection sounds also occur at the precise moment of full opening of the valve it remains to be seen whether this relationship is causal or coincidental.
Anti-inflammatory properties of the μ opioid receptor support its use in the treatment of colon inflammation
Authors: David Philippe, Laurent Dubuquoy, Hervé Groux, Valérie Brun, Myriam Tran Van Chuoï-Mariot, Claire Gaveriaux-Ruff, Jean-Frédéric Colombel, Brigitte L. Kieffer, Pierre Desreumaux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The physiologic role of the μ opioid receptor (MOR) in gut nociception, motility, and secretion is well established. To evaluate whether MOR may also be involved in controlling gut inflammation, we first showed that subcutaneous administration of selective peripheral MOR agonists, named DALDA and DAMGO, significantly reduces inflammation in two experimental models of colitis induced by administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or peripheral expansion of CD4+ T cells in mice. This therapeutic effect was almost completely abolished by concomitant administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone. Evidence of a genetic role for MOR in the control of gut inflammation was provided by showing that MOR-deficient mice were highly susceptible to colon inflammation, with a 50% mortality rate occurring 3 days after TNBS administration. The mechanistic basis of these observations suggests that the anti-inflammatory effects of MOR in the colon are mediated through the regulation of cytokine production and T cell proliferation, two important immunologic events required for the development of colon inflammation in mice and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These data provide evidence that MOR plays a role in the control of gut inflammation and suggest that MOR agonists might be new therapeutic molecules in IBD.
Parkinsonism: Its Medical and Surgical Therapy
Authors: Howard S. Dunbar
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book represents the author's experience with 5,000 cases of parkinsonism from which 1,500 cases were selected for basal ganglia surgery. While the entire subject of parkinsonism is discussed, the problem of surgical therapy dominates the book. The technique of chemothalamectomy and chemopallidectomy is described in detail, and the accompanying illustrations are models of clarity. Candidates for this procedure are catalogued as ideal, good, fair, and poor. It will surprise no one that the young, otherwise healthy patient with unilateral symptoms is the ideal candidate. Only 10% of these patients had bilateral procedures. Contraindications to surgery are discussed as well as over-all results and complications. The presentation of results and complications is less than clear. It is all here if you look hard enough for it, but the mixing of unilateral and bilateral procedures and of pallidal and thalamic lesions and lesions in between and the lack of any tables
Activation of pluripotency-associated genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts by non-viral transfection with in vitro-derived mRNAs encoding Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc
Authors: Geertrui Tavernier, Katharina Wolfrum, Joseph Demeester, Stefaan C. De Smedt, James Adjaye, Joanna Rejman
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in human B lymphocytes by anti-immunoglobulin.
Authors: S L MacDougall, S Grinstein, E W Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Many mammalian cell types exhibit Ca2+-dependent K+ channels, and activation of these channels by increasing intracellular calcium generally leads to a hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane. Their presence in B lymphocytes is as yet uncertain. Crosslinking Ig on the surface of B lymphocytes is known to increase the level of free cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]i). However, rather than hyperpolarization, a depolarization has been reported to occur after treatment of B lymphocytes with anti-Ig. To determine if Ca2+-dependent K+ channels are present in B lymphocytes, and to examine the relationship between intracellular free calcium and membrane potential, we monitored [Ca2+]i by means of indo-1 and transmembrane potential using bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbituric)trimethine oxonol in human tonsillar B cells activated by anti-IgM. Treatment with anti-IgM induced a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i and a simultaneous hyperpolarization. A similar hyperpolarization was induced by ionomycin, a Ca2+ ionophore. Delaying the development of the [Ca2+]i response by increasing the cytoplasmic Ca2+-buffering power delayed the hyperpolarization. Conversely, eliminating the sustained phase of the [Ca2+]i response by omission of external Ca2+ abolished the prolonged hyperpolarization. In fact, a sizable Na+-dependent depolarization was unmasked. This study demonstrates that in human B lymphocytes, Ca2+-dependent K+ channels can be activated by crosslinking of surface IgM. Moreover, it is likely that, by analogy with voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, Na+ can permeate through these ligand-gated Ca2+ "channels" in the absence of extracellular Ca2+.