tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving minimal residual disease detection in precursor B-ALL based on immunoglobulin-κ and heavy-chain gene rearrangements
Authors: R Sutton, A Y Bahar, E Kwan, J E Giles, N C Venn, S Tran, N Hackenberg, L Dalla Pozza, G M Marshall, M Haber, V H J van der Velden, M D Norris
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Lung Cancer With Solitary Bone Metastasis in the Radius
Authors: Lin Chun-Yi, Hwang Yiing-Feng, Huang Hua-Tzu, Lin Chang-Sheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We present a 73-year-old man with a new diagnosis of right upper lung adenocarcinoma. Right elbow x-ray and Tc-99m MDP whole body bone scan were performed due to a reddish, swollen, and painful right forearm for 1 week. X-ray, performed on March 25, 2008, showed an osteolytic lesion in the proximal right radius with surrounding soft tissue swelling. Tc-99m whole body bone scan, performed on March 19, 2008, had shown a single area of intense tracer uptake in the proximal right radius and no other bony lesion was identified. Infectious processes were considered initially, but the clinical symptoms and signs didn't improve after antibiotic treatment for 10 days. Incisional biopsy of the proximal right forearm was performed for diagnosis. Histopathologic examination confirmed a bone metastasis in the proximal right radius.
The Effect of Protein Restriction on the Progression of Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Benno U. Ihle, Gavin J. Becker, Judith A. Whitworth, Robyn A. Charlwood, Priscilla S. Kincaid-Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Dietary protein intake may be an important determinant of the rate of decline in renal function in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. We conducted a prospective, randomized study of the efficacy of protein restriction in slowing the rate of progression of renal impairment. The study lasted 18 months and included 64 patients with serum creatinine concentrations ranging from 350 to 1000 μmol per liter. The patients were randomly assigned to follow either a regular diet or an isocaloric protein-restricted diet (0.4 g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day). Blood-pressure levels and the balance between calcium and phosphate were similar in the two groups. End-stage renal failure developed in 9 of the 33 patients (27 percent) who followed the regular diet during the study, as compared with 2 of the 31 patients (6 percent) who followed the protein-restricted diet (P<0.05). The mean (±SE) glomerular filtration rate, as measured by the clearance of 51Cr bound to EDTA, fell from 0.25±0.03 to 0.10±0.05 ml per second (P<0.01) in the group on the regular diet, whereas it fell from 0.23±0.04 to 0.20±0.05 ml per second (P not significant) in the group on the protein-restricted diet. We conclude that dietary protein restriction is effective in slowing the rate of progression of chronic renal failure. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1773–7.)
Aβ-directed Single-chain Antibody Delivery Via a Serotype-1 AAV Vector Improves Learning Behavior and Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Mice
Authors: Deborah A Ryan, Michael A Mastrangelo, Wade C Narrow, Mark A Sullivan, Howard J Federoff, William J Bowers
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive dementing disorder characterized by age-related amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and synapse and neuronal loss. It is widely recognized that Aβ is a principal pathogenic mediator of AD. Our goal was to develop an immunotherapeutic approach, which would specifically lead to the clearance and/or neutralization of Aβ in the triple transgenic mouse model (3xTg-AD). These mice develop the amyloid and tangle pathologies and synaptic dysfunction reminiscent of human AD. Using a human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody phage display library, a novel scFv antibody specific to Aβ was isolated, its activity characterized in vitro, and its open reading frame subsequently cloned into a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector. Three-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were intrahippocampally infused with serotype-1 rAAV vectors encoding Aβ-scFv or a control vector using convection-enhanced delivery (CED). Mice receiving rAAV1-Aβ-scFv harbored lower levels of insoluble Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau, and exhibited improved cognitive function as measured by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) spatial memory task. These results underscore the potential of gene-based passive vaccination for AD, and provide further rationale for the development of Aβ-targeting strategies for this debilitating disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive dementing disorder characterized by age-related amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and synapse and neuronal loss. It is widely recognized that Aβ is a principal pathogenic mediator of AD. Our goal was to develop an immunotherapeutic approach, which would specifically lead to the clearance and/or neutralization of Aβ in the triple transgenic mouse model (3xTg-AD). These mice develop the amyloid and tangle pathologies and synaptic dysfunction reminiscent of human AD. Using a human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody phage display library, a novel scFv antibody specific to Aβ was isolated, its activity characterized in vitro, and its open reading frame subsequently cloned into a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector. Three-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were intrahippocampally infused with serotype-1 rAAV vectors encoding Aβ-scFv or a control vector using convection-enhanced delivery (CED). Mice receiving rAAV1-Aβ-scFv harbored lower levels of insoluble Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau, and exhibited improved cognitive function as measured by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) spatial memory task. These results underscore the potential of gene-based passive vaccination for AD, and provide further rationale for the development of Aβ-targeting strategies for this debilitating disease.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS CELLS
Authors: DOUGLAS N. GOLDING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 December 1969RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS CELLSDOUGLAS N. GOLDING, M.D., F.R.C.P.I.DOUGLAS N. GOLDING, M.D., F.R.C.P.I.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-6-1216_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: I was interested in the correspondence on the subject of rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) cells (Ann. Intern. Med., 10: 432, 1969). We have always considered that demonstration of rheumatoid factor liberated from exudative vacuolated leukocytes (granular white cells containing cytoplasmic inclusions) after washing and disintegration of these cells was essential for their identification as R.A. cells. For example, this criterion was fulfilled when these cells were demonstrated in the pleural fluid in a case of rheumatoid pleural effusion (1).It would seem to me that vacuolated leukocytes in exudative fluids might raise suspicion of rheumatoid disease, but that...Reference1. CARMICHAELGOLDING DSDN: Rheumatoid pleural effusion with "R.A. cells" in the pleural fluid. Brit. Med. J. 1: 814, 1967. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DOUGLAS N. GOLDING, M.D., F.R.C.P.I.Affiliations: Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Harlow Essex England PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1969Volume 71, Issue 6Page: 1216-1216KeywordsCellsPleural effusionRheumatoid arthritis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Personal Papers: Mole among the quacks
Authors: P V Scott
Journal: BMJ (1979)

No, not defection.He stretched luxuriously and made his way past Toby's clicking abacus to a hidden door.Hanging his plastic mac on the chipped fibreglass statuary of the Secretary of State for Health and Social Services last but one, he approached Control with the grovelling deference of a Basque terrorist.For a moment he felt insecure.That bust, now.... Of course, Barbara.How well
OBSTETRICS AND THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER.
Authors: M. HOWARD FUSSELL
Journal: JAMA (1902)

My excuse for reading a paper with this title before the Section on Practice of Medicine is that I desire to bring before you the practice of obstetrics as it appears to the general practitioner, and while I have nothing new to suggest, I wish to impress the absolute necessity and practicability of the observance of rules by the general practitioner which have been formulated by specialists in the practice of obstetrics. I believe it is too much the habit of men who see much of midwifery in general practice to believe and no practice, if not to say, that the strict rules which are now observed in hospitals the world over, and which are taught by all obstetricians, are at least unnecessary in general practice far away from closely populated centers. If this feeling is current, as I believe it is, it is my desire to so place it
Argon plasma coagulation is an effective treatment in cirrhosis- related gastric antral vascular ectasias
Authors: C. Krystallis, Peter Hayes, John Plevris
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Gastric antral vascular ectasias (GAVE) represent an uncommon cause of upper GI bleeding (UGIB). There is an association with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in 30% of the patients, and account for 4% of non-variceal UGIB. GAVE and severe portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) are distinctive entities. Treatments aiming to lower portal pressure are usually ineffective to treat cirrhosis-related GAVE. Although thermal ablation techniques are effective in non-cirrhotic GAVE, there is limited data on the value of Argon plasma coagulation (APC) in the treatment of cirrhosis-related GAVE. <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of APC treatment in cirrhotic patients with UGIB due to GAVE. <h3>Methods</h3> Cirrhotic patients were retrospectively included in this study over a 10-year period, if they presented with overt or occult bleeding related to GAVE and treated with APC. Success was defined as; control of bleeding, stabilisation of Hb over 100 g/dl, or Hb increase &gt;10% from pretreatment level, and reduction of transfusion requirements &gt;50% in transfusion-dependent patients. <h3>Results</h3> 20 cirrhotic patients with GAVE (Group A) treated with APC, (flow 2 l/min, power 45–65 W) were identified and compared with a randomly selected group of 10 non-cirrhotic GAVE patients (Group B). Overall patients9 demographics were; M/F 17/13, mean age 71, 13 years. The two groups presented with overt bleeding (60% vs 40%), occult bleeding (40% vs 60%) whereas transfusion was required in (60% vs 80%) in group A and B respectively. Overall endoscopic treatment with APC was successful in 86.6% (85% vs 90% NS) in Groups A and B respectively. The mean number of APC sessions required between the two groups (A vs B) was 3.88 versus 3.5 (NS) median: 2 versus 2. No adverse effects from APC therapy were recorded in any of the patients despite the presence of significant coagulopathy in the majority of the cirrhotic patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> APC proved effective and safe in the treatment of cirrhosis-related GAVE UGIB. Treatment success was not compromised by disease severity or coagulation status. This data suggests that APC should be considered as the treatment of choice in cirrhosis-related GAVE.
Effect of Aminophylline on Urinary Excretion of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Man
Authors: NUZHET O. ATUK, M. CARY BLAYDES, FREDERIC B. WESTERVELT, J. EDWIN WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The excretion of catecholamines and the changes in plasma concentration of free fatty acids during aminophylline administration were explored. The relationships between cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac rate, and change in blood pressure under the conditions of these experiments were defined. Eighteen experiments were performed on eight volunteers. Blood pressures and heart rates before and during aminophylline infusion were recorded at frequent intervals, and urine and blood were collected during the control and infusion periods and in some subjects after the infusion. Loading with ethanol, glucose, or placebo before administration of aminophylline was used. These studies demonstrated that intravenous infusion of aminophylline increases the urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine in man, the rate of excretion of epinephrine being greater than that of norepinephrine. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma.
Adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's oesophagus: evidence for the participation of p53 dysfunction in the dysplasia/carcinoma sequence.
Authors: R H Hardwick, N A Shepherd, M Moorghen, P V Newcomb, D Alderson
Journal: Gut (1994)

Adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett9s oesophagus is often preceded by mucosal dysplasia, but little is currently known about the aetiology or natural history of this dysplasia/carcinoma sequence. To investigate the participation of the tumour suppressor gene p53 in this sequence, an immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein overexpression, which is known to closely correlate with point mutation of the p53 gene, was conducted in 30 patients with Barrett9s adenocarcinoma. Adjacent Barrett9s mucosa was dysplastic in 21 (70%) patients. Sixteen (53%) tumours overexpressed p53, 10 of which had adjacent dysplastic Barrett9s mucosa. In all 10 patients, this dysplastic mucosa also overexpressed p53, predominantly in areas of high grade compared with low grade dysplasia. In contrast, none of the dysplastic mucosa adjacent to 11 tumours lacking p53 overexpression showed detectable values of p53. These results suggest that p53 dysfunction may participate in the progression from dysplasia to carcinoma in some patients with Barrett9s oesophagus.
Tritiated Digoxin Excretion of Patients Following Renal Transplantation
Authors: JAMES E. DOHERTY, WILLIAM J. FLANIGAN, WILLIAM H. PERKINS, Jacquelyn Gammill, Joyce Sherwood
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Four patients with a single allografted kidney were given 1.0 mg of tritiated digoxin intravenously. Compared with patients with two normally functioning kidneys, these patients exhibited increased digoxin serum levels, modestly reduced renal excretion, and increased stool excretion of digoxin during a 7-day study. When administration of digoxin is indicated for a patient with a renal transplant, it may be necessary to reduce the dose even though renal function appears to be adequate.
Effects of cigarette smoking on metabolic events in the lung.
Authors: S Kitamura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Nicotine and cigarette smoke extract show acute physiological effects: increasing tracheal pressure (PTR), pulmonary artery pressure (PPA), systemic blood pressure (PSYST), and left atrium pressure (PLA); and decreasing cardiac output (QAORTA) and blood flow to the left lower lobe (QLLL). In addition, cigarette smoking induces bronchoconstriction, thus decreasing peak flow, FVC, and FEV1.0 in healthy subjects. It has also been demonstrated that cigarette smoking caused temporary slowing of mucociliary clearance in the lung and that cigarette smoke increases the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase which metabolizes benzo[alpha]pyrene. We demonstrated that serum angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity showed a significant increase immediately after smoking and returned to the control level 20 min after smoking. We also demonstrated that plasma histamine levels showed a marked decrease after smoking. Furthermore, the effects of cigarette smoke and related substances on prostaglandin, thromboxane, testosterone, cyclic nucleotides metabolism, and protein synthesis were also investigated.
Studies of <i>IL28B</i> genotype and response to peginterferon in chronic hepatitis B should be stratified by HBV genotype
Authors: Milan J. Sonneveld, Willem P. Brouwer, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

In this issue of Hepatology, Lampertico et al.1 present a study of mostly hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype D hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with peginterferon (PEG-)IFN and show that hepatitis B s antigen (HBsAg) loss was significantly associated with IL28B genotype. Our group recently published a study on the association of IL28B genotype with response to PEG-IFN in HBeAg-positive CHB patients. Favorable IL28B genotypes, CC for rs12979860 and AA for rs12980275, were associated with higher rates of HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg loss.2 Taken together, these findings provide mounting evidence for the importance of the IL28B genotype for prediction of response to PEG-IFN in CHB, although these findings require further confirmation. There is, however, an important pitfall that should be taken into consideration. In our study, IL28B genotype distribution varied across ethnicity: 90% of Asian patients were genotyped CC, compared to 50% of non-Asians.2 Response to PEG-IFN in CHB also depends on the HBV genotype: patients with HBV genotype A achieve higher rates of response than those with HBV genotypes B, C, or D.3 Importantly, HBV genotypes A and D predominate in Caucasians, and nearly all south east Asian patients are infected with HBV genotypes B or C. Because IL28B genotype is associated with ethnicity, it is also associated with HBV genotype. In our study of HBeAg-positive patients, the favorable IL28B genotype was present in 42% of HBV genotype A patients, in 88%-90% of patients with HBV genotypes B or C, and in 52% of HBV genotype D patients.2 If differences in HBV genotype distribution are ignored, analyses of the association between IL28B genotype and HBsAg loss in a cohort of patients with mixed ethnicities could result in an overrepresentation of Asian patients (with "poor response" HBV genotypes B or C) in the favorable CC group, and an overrepresentation of Caucasians and black Africans (with "good response" HBV genotype A) in the unfavorable CT/TT groups. This could result in a biased estimate of association, or failure to detect one. This issue is particularly relevant for studies conducted in countries with mixed ethnicities, such as those in Western Europe and the United States, where the HBV-infected population comprises Caucasians, Asians, and black Africans. In conclusion, the study by Lampertico et al. provides fascinating new data and urges further studies of IL28B genotype and response to PEG-IFN in CHB. However, the association of IL28B genotype distribution with that of HBV genotype may introduce an important pitfall. Therefore, we strongly recommend that future studies of IL28B in CHB be stratified by, or adjusted for, HBV genotype. Milan J. Sonneveld MSc*, Willem P. Brouwer MD*, Harry L.A. Janssen MD, PhD*, * Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Intrathymic nurse cell lymphocytes can induce a specific graft-versus-host reaction.
Authors: J Penninger, K Hála, G Wick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Single chicken thymic nurse cells (TNC) placed onto the chorionallantoic membrane (CAM), showed that intra-TNC lymphocytes (TNC-L) possess a strong graft-versus-host reactivity (GVHR) in allogeneic MHC combinations. This reaction shows the morphological, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of a classical GVH reaction (GVHR). The induction of a GVHR was significantly higher for TNC-L as compared with thymocytes or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The specificity of the GVHR was shown by serial transfer experiments onto appropriate allogeneic and syngeneic secondary embryonic hosts. In immunofluorescence analyses with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the chicken alpha/beta and gamma/delta T cell receptors (TCR) and the CD3, CD4, and CD8 equivalents, an enrichment of CD3+/CD4+/CD8- and CD3+/CD-4-/CD8+, TCR-alpha/beta + and TCR- gamma/delta + cells was observed inside TNC as compared with extra-TNC thymocytes. A large proportion of CD4+ and/or CD8+ TCR- gamma/delta + cells were demonstrated inside TNC. A minor population among TCR- gamma/delta extra-TNC thymocytes also expressed CD4 and/or CD8 molecules. Based on functional tests and double staining experiments, we propose that CD4+/CD8+ thymocytes enter the TNC where they may undergo positive selection for MHC restriction and further differentiation to CD4 or CD8 single-positive cells. Taken together these data support the concept that TNC contribute a specialized thymic microenvironment for T cell differentiation and maturation.
Needs for care from a demand led community psychiatric service: a study of patients with major mental illness
Authors: V. Murray, H. W Walker, C. Mitchell, A. J Pelosi
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To measure needs for care of patients aged 18-65 years with major mental illness. <b>Design</b>: Identification of everyone in one area seen by a health professional within the previous five years because of a psychotic disorder. Interview of a one in three sample of patients and their main carers with the cardinal needs schedule. <b>Setting</b>: Hamilton, a socially deprived district of Scotland. <b>Subjects</b>: 71 subjects were interviewed from the original sample of 263 patients. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: "Cardinal problems" in seven clinical and eight social areas of functioning; these are defined as problems requiring action. "Needs"—cardinal problems for which suitable interventions exist but have not been tried recently. <b>Results</b>: High levels of morbidity were found. 30 interviewed patients (42%; 95% confidence interval 31% to 54%) had one or more clinical needs. 35 (49%; 38% to 61%) had one or more social needs. Skills to deal with all but seven needs in the sample were available at the time of investigation. Patients not being seen by the community mental health team were similar in severity and levels of need to those who were on the community team9s caseload. Care was unequivocally and severely inadequate for four patients. Shortcomings in service delivery usually arose from failure to monitor some patients at home. Problems were not due to shortage of acute psychiatric beds nor the absence of an elaborate assertive community care team. <b>Conclusions</b>: Systematic assessment of needs with research instruments can give valuable insights into the successes and failures of community care of people with major mental illness. Most needs could be dealt with in these patients but in our area (and probably most other parts of the United Kingdom) this would entail diversion of resources from people with less severe disorders. <h3>Key messages</h3> A representative group of people with previously identified major mental illnesses showed high levels of distress and disability and most had one or more clinical or social needs Patients receiving rudimentary or no care from the psychiatric services had, on average, similar levels of disability and need to those receiving regular input from a multidisciplinary community mental health team Routine individual assessment of needs could deal with many of the concerns about the welfare of people with major mental illness who live in the community No matter what monitoring mechanisms are in place it will never be possible to prevent a small number of seriously mentally ill people from avoiding all medical and social care