tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A unique population of IgG-expressing plasma cells lacking CD19 is enriched in human bone marrow
Authors: Henrik E. Mei, Ina Wirries, Daniela Frölich, Mikael Brisslert, Claudia Giesecke, Joachim R. Grün, Tobias Alexander, Stefanie Schmidt, Katarzyna Luda, Anja A. Kühl, Robby Engelmann, Michael Dürr, Tobias Scheel, Maria Bokarewa, Carsten Perka, Andreas Radbruch, Thomas Dörner
Journal: Blood (2015)
P3-010: Using immunohistochemistry to evaluate protein expression levels of female sex hormone receptors (ER, PR) and epidermal growth factor receptor family members (EGFR, HER2) in East Asian non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC)
Authors: Min En Nga, Mohd Feroz Mohd Omar, Diana G. Lim, Darren Lim, Chee Keong Toh, Richie Soong, Manuel Salto Tellez, Elaine H. Lim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Pneumococcal Appendicitis and Cecitis
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Although microbiologic examinations are rarely performed (or needed) in cases of acute appendicitis, companion articles in the current issue of<i>Archives of Surgery</i>emphatically demonstrate exceptions. Dimond and Proctor (111:552-553, 1976) report the case of a 9-year-old boy who had classical symptoms and signs of acute appendicitis. At laparotomy, a cloudy, odorless exudate surrounded an acutely suppurative appendix, which was removed. Eighteen hours postoperatively, the patient's leukocyte count rose to 21,000/cu mm, and eight hours later, symptoms and signs of meningitis appeared. The spinal fluid contained numerous neutrophils and Gram-positive diplococci. At that time, cephalothin therapy, which had been started earlier, was withdrawn, and after intensive penicillin therapy was started, the infection was successfully quelled. Subsequent culture growths from peritoneal fluid, blood, and spinal fluid proved that the infection was caused by<i>Diplococcus pneumoniae</i>. Also, Gram-positive diplococci were found by microscopy in the wall and lumen of the appendix. In
Reply to M.J. Rother
Authors: Eric Van Cutsem, Claus-Henning Köhne, Philippe Rougier, Fortunato Ciardiello
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

I read with interest the updated analysis of the overall survival results according to tumor KRAS and BRAF mutational status from the CRYSTAL (Cetuximab Combined With Irinotecan in First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer) trial. 1 The study demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful increase of 3.5 months of life in patients with KRAS wild-type tumors treated with initial fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOL-FIRI)/cetuximab.However, was this a function of the use of cetuximab in first-line therapy or simply a result of the use of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies somewhere in the course of the disease?Earlier trials in metastatic colorectal cancer clearly demonstrated that the initial use of multiple drugs in combination was no better from a survival perspective than the sequential use of the same drugs. 2,3Also, the National Cancer Institute of Canada CO17 trial 4 revealed that single-agent cetuximab added 4.7 months of survival benefit in individuals with KRAS wild-type tumors when given after all standard chemotherapy failed.Because only approximately 30% of patients in the FOLFIRI control arm in the current trial ever received an anti-EGFR drug in the course of their illness, it is difficult to attribute the survival gain to the addition of cetuximab to first-line FOLFIRI chemotherapy.It is equally plausible that the survival benefit was simply a function of the fact that all patients in the experimental group had access to cetuximab, whereas this was not the case in the initial FOLFIRI group.It would be interesting to know whether a post hoc survival analysis of the 30% of the control arm who received cetuximab in later lines had been performed and how this group fared compared with the experimental arm.These types of analyses are flawed with multiple biases, but until the results from well-designed treatment-strategy trials that use all active agents are carried out in metastatic colorectal cancer, we will never truly understand how best to treat our patients.
THE DISEASES, DEATH AND AUTOPSY OF NAPOLEON I.
Authors: EDMUND ANDREWS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Napoleon has again invaded the nation, coming this time on a tidal wave of literature. The magazines for two years have been full of him. New books describing his campaigns have rapidly appeared, and now at last physicians are beseiged for opinions about his diseases and the causes of his death. The gigantic intellectual power of this man was such that even now, seventy-five years after his death, few writers can look calmly on his career and weigh him impartially for what he was worth. They dispute about about his acts, motives and morals, and take sides for and against him as if he were alive and still riding at the head of his armies. This folly has filled the air of history with a fog which obscures every part of his biography, medical or otherwise. However, after much hard work I have so far gotten at the truth that
Sedating unfasted children may be dangerous
Authors: D. C Crawford, A. Kapoor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

We are concerned by some of the guidance offered in Atkinson and colleagues’ clinical review of pain management and sedation for children in the emergency department—specifically, the use of intravenous anaesthetic induction agents ketamine (and propofol and midazolam) by “appropriately trained” doctors in doses (2 mg/kg for ketamine) sufficient to induce general anaesthesia in unfasted children.1 Healthcare …
Identification and Validation of Novel Therapeutic Targets for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Teru Hideshima, Dharminder Chauhan, Paul Richardson, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

In vitro and in vivo models have been developed that have allowed for delineation of mechanisms of multiple myeloma (MM) cell homing to bone marrow (BM); tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and BM stromal cells; and cytokine-mediated growth, survival, drug resistance, and migration within the BM milieu. Delineation of the signaling cascades mediating these sequelae has identified multiple novel therapeutic targets in the tumor cell and its BM microenvironment. Importantly, novel therapies targeting the tumor cell and the BM, as well as those targeting the tumor cell or BM alone, can overcome the growth, survival, conventional drug resistance, and migration of MM cells bound to BM using both in vitro and in vivo severe combined immunodeficiency mouse models of human MM. These studies have translated rapidly from the bench to the bedside in derived clinical trials, and have already led to the United States Food and Drug Administration approval of the novel proteasome inhibitor bortezomib for treatment of relapsed/refractory MM. Novel agents will need to be combined to enhance cytotoxicity, avoid development of drug resistance, and allow for use of lower doses in combination therapies. Genomics, proteomics, and cell signaling studies have helped to identify in vivo mechanisms of sensitivity versus resistance to novel therapies, as well as aiding in the rational application of combination therapies. These studies have therefore provided the framework for a new treatment paradigm targeting the MM cell in its BM milieu to overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcome in MM.
Abstract 5269: Impact of K-ras status on differential expression of TIMP-1 in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ammar Kutiyanawalla, Sampa Gupta-Ghoshal, Byung Rho Lee, Ravindra Kolhe, Amyn M. Rojiani, Mumtaz V. Rojiani
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 exhibits a range of novel functions in addition to its initially recognized activity as a physiological inhibitor of MMPs. Two specific activities have been of significant interest in the context of oncology - inhibition of apoptosis and induction of cell proliferation. Previously we have shown that over-expressing TIMP-1 in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line H2009 results in more aggressive and larger tumors in vivo with increased invasion and colony formation in vitro. Subsequently we demonstrated elevated levels of Bcl-2 with a concomitant reduction in apoptosis induced by staurosporine. In the present study, we have sought to define a relationship between TIMP-1 expression levels in non-small-cell-lung-carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines in relation to K-ras mutation. We identified a differential expression pattern of TIMP-1 in various NSCLC cell lines and also found that TIMP-1 overexpressing cell lines also had higher levels of Bcl-2 and vice versa. Upon further analysis, we were able to correlate a low TIMP-1 expression with K-ras dependence and high levels of E-cadherin expression as in H2009 and H441. Similarly, K-ras independent cell line A549, expressed low levels of E-cadherin and elevated TIMP-1. E-cadherin distribution was confirmed in A549 and H2009 cells by immunofluorescence. Since N-cadherin cleavage has been shown to be inhibited by TIMP-1, we examined N-cadherin levels by western blot. Results indicate that A549 exhibiting high levels of TIMP-1 had increased levels of N-cadherin whereas the low TIMP-1 expressing cell lines had lower N-cadherin levels. A spheroid formation assay to determine the aggressiveness of cell lines revealed that K-ras dependent cell line formed spheroids that were smaller and less migratory than K-ras independent cell line whereas the K-ras independent cell line A549 formed spheroids that were larger, more spread out exhibiting wider migratory properties. The present study underscores the multiple biologic properties of TIMP-1. It provides further mechanistic understanding of its documented role as a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target in various malignancies, particularly lung carcinoma. This study was supported in part by a Distinguished Cancer Scientist Award to AMR from the Georgia Research Alliance. Citation Format: Ammar Kutiyanawalla, Sampa Gupta-Ghoshal, Byung Rho Lee, Ravindra Kolhe, Amyn M. Rojiani, Mumtaz V. Rojiani. Impact of K-ras status on differential expression of TIMP-1 in lung adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5269. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5269
Diagnosis of Renal Vascular Disease and Renal Tumors by Photoscanning
Authors: Thomas P. Haynie
Journal: JAMA (1962)

INTRAVENOUS DOSES of I<sup>131</sup>-labelled sodium<i>o</i>-iodohippurate (Hippuran) or Hg<sup>203</sup>-labelled chlormerodrin (Neohydrin) are concentrated sufficiently by the kidneys to permit their anatomical visualization with the aid of a photoscanner. We have reported a preliminary evaluation of the use of the photoscanner in the diagnosis of renal disease. After an experience of more than 100 renal photoscans, we wish to document some of the more important clinical uses of this technique. Materials and Methods Scanning Equipment.—Scintiscans were performed using a 19-hole collimator, a 3" x 2" thallium activated sodium iodide crystal, a pulse height analyzer, and a pulsed light photorecording system. Technique—In the early part of the study scintiscans were performed with both I<sup>131</sup>sodium o-iodohippurate and Hg<sup>203</sup>chlormerodrin. Since February, 1961, all scintiscans have been performed with Hg<sup>203</sup>chlormerodrin. I<sup>131</sup>sodium o-iodohippurate scintiscans were performed during a slow intravenous infusion (2-4 μC. per minute) of 200 /μC. of I<sup>131</sup>sodium o-iodohippurate.
Pharmacogenetic Association of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk in Relation to Antihypertensive Treatment
Authors: Donna K. Arnett, Barry R. Davis, Charles E. Ford, Eric Boerwinkle, Cathie Leiendecker-Foster, Michael B. Miller, Henry Black, John H. Eckfeldt
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Previous studies have reported that blood pressure response to antihypertensive medications is influenced by genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, but no clinical trails have tested whether the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism modifies the association between the type of medication and multiple cardiovascular and renal phenotypes. Methods and Results— We used a double-blind, active-controlled randomized trial of antihypertensive treatment that included hypertensives ≥55 years of age with ≥1 risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ACE I/D genotypes were determined in 37 939 participants randomized to chlorthalidone, amlodipine, lisinopril, or doxazosin treatments and followed up for 4 to 8 years. Primary outcomes included fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and/or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes included stroke, all-cause mortality, combined CHD, and combined cardiovascular disease. Fatal and nonfatal CHD occurred in 3096 individuals during follow-up. The hazard rates for fatal and nonfatal CHD and the secondary outcomes were similar across antihypertensive treatments. ACE I/D genotype group was not associated with fatal and nonfatal CHD (relative risk of DD versus ID and II, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.07) or any secondary outcome. The 6-year hazard rate for fatal and nonfatal CHD in the DD genotype group was not statistically different from the ID and II genotype group by type of treatment. No secondary outcome measure was statistically different across antihypertensive treatment and ACE I/D genotype strata. Conclusions— ACE I/D genotype group was not a predictor of CHD, nor did it modify the response to antihypertensive treatment. We conclude that the ACE I/D polymorphism is not a useful marker to predict antihypertensive treatment response.
518 GENETIC VARIATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1 (−1607; 1G/2G) ASSOCIATES WITH HEPATIC METALLOPROTEINASE TRANSCRIPTION BUT NOT WITH FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: S. Heldwein, C. Oesterreicher, E. Patsenker, V. Schneider, F. Stickel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Pediatric Conditions Associated With Malignancy
Authors: Elizabeth M. Craven
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cancer in infants and children is the second greatest cause of death in children from 1 to 14 years of age, being exceeded only by accidental deaths.<sup>1</sup>This figure is a relatively recent one, in that statistics 40 years ago did not list cancer as one of the ten most frequent causes of death. Congenital malformations rank as the third cause of death, followed by infectious diseases. With the advent of antibiotics, infectious diseases claim fewer deaths, thus the increase in neoplasms is not entirely absolute. In recent years greater emphasis has been placed on those conditions frequently associated with malignancies or benign tumors. It behooves the physician caring for children to be aware of these associations (Table) (J. B. Arey, personal communication).<sup>1-4</sup> Conditions Associated With Malignancies <h3>Leukemias</h3> 40% greater in children who have been irradiated in utero Down's syndrome Ataxia-telangiectasia Bloom's syndrome Fanconi's anemia
Prescribing Psychologists-Reply
Authors: Mark K. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Mr Menendez makes several incorrect statements. I did not say schedule 4 drugs are benign, rather, relatively benign. I did not state that this class of drug could be safely prescribed by someone with no medical training, rather, psychologists could safely prescribe limited medications after having completed modified and approved training programs. In fact, concerned physicians found that over a several-year period psychologists in the Indian Health Services prescribed psychotropic medication with fewer inappropriate prescriptions than their physician counterparts.<sup>1</sup> It is logical that those in the medical profession would believe the only way to learn about drug prescription is through medical school. However, there is evidence that medical school curricula are poorly designed and not sufficient for training in the prescription of psychotropic medication, particularly in the aged population. Physician expertise may have more to do with capable people overcoming an inadequacy in training. Through a
The Watsonschwartz test
Authors: M. B. Corbett
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The Watson-Schwartz test for porphobilinogen is an excellent, simple screening procedure for porphyria and certainly its use should be considered in any patient with a history of abdominal pain, constipation, obscure neurological disorder, mental disturbance, multiple abdominal operations, or dark urine. The porphyrias are a group of inherited disorders of porphyrin metabolism (Table) manifested chemically by an increased excretion of the porphyrins and their precursors or both. Porphyrins are normally synthesized from glycine and succinic acid which combine to yield α-amino-β-ketoadiptic acid. Decarboxylation results in δ-aminolevulinic acid. Two molecules of δ-aminolevulinic acid condense, forming the monopyrolle, porphobilinogen. Four molecules of porphobilinogen condense producing the various tetrapyrolle porphyrinogens (copro-, uro-, protoporphyrinogen), the reduced, colorless precursors of the porphyrins.<sup>1</sup>Porphyrins linked to metal and protein constitute the important biological compounds: hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome, and catalase. <h3>Varieties of Porphyria.—</h3> <i>Porphyria Erythropoietica</i>. —Inherited as an autosomal recessive, it accounts for only 3% of
Serum fibrinogen levels are an independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 and 4
Authors: Marian Goicoechea, Soledad García de Vinuesa, Francisco Gómez-Campderá, Ines Aragoncillo, Ursula Verdalles, Alexia Mosse, José Luño
Journal: Kidney International (2008)

Patients with chronic kidney disease have substantial risk for cardiovascular mortality, but the relative importance of traditional and novel risk factors is unknown. Several studies in hemodialysis patients have demonstrated that inflammatory markers are potent predictors of mortality, however there are scarce data about stable patients with moderate chronic kidney disease. 128 outpatients with estimated glomerular filtration of less than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) were included in the study. Medical records about cardiovascular factors were recorded. Analytical parameters and inflammation markers were determined in baseline period. Participants were initially recruited from January 2002 to May 2002. The average length of follow-up in this longitudinal study was 5.5 years. Mortality and non-fatal cardiovascular events were the end points. Median follow-up was 67.8 months, all cause of mortality was 22.7%/(n=29) and non-fatal cardiovascular events were 39.1% (n=50). In multivariate analysis adjusting for demographic, cardiovascular and kidney disease factors, age hazard ratio (HR): 1.01, interval confidence (IC): 1.00-1.10), previous congestive heart failure (HR: 3.50, IC: 1.10-11.17) and both high CRP (HR: 3.48, IC: 1.53-7.59) and serum fibrinogen (HR: 1.45, IC: 1.04-1.50) were independent predictors of all-cause of mortality. Age (HR: 1.06, IC: 1.01-1.11), high CRP (HR: 2.80, IC: 1.60-4.90), cardiac troponin T (HR: 1.21, IC: 1.04-1.40) and previous coronary disease (HR: 2.67, IC: 1.28-5.54) but not serum fibrinogen were independent predictors of non-fatal cardiovascular events. Both high CRP and high serum fibrinogen levels and previous congestive heart failure measured in CKD stages 3 and 4, are independent risk factors for all-cause of mortality. High CRP but not high serum fibrinogen is a risk factor for non-fatal cardiovascular events. These results suggest that high CRP and high serum fibrinogen provide prognostic information in CKD patients.
Rehabilitation in Arthritic Diseases: A Two-Year Follow-up
Authors: J. P. Gofton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

occupational therapists, social service workers, andnurses. Supervision oftheconduct ofthetreatment programme andofits development intheProvince iscarried out bythestaff oftheVancouver Centre. Thegreater partoftheworkoftheorganization extends throughout an areaofapproximately 600x800miles. Within this areaaresometwenty treatment units, eachstaffed byaphysiotherapist located ina smalltreatment centre. Shehas adequate basic equipment andacartoenable herto provide additional treatment inthehomeorin smaller nearby towns.Eachunitissupported by a local organization whichraises funds, provides facilities, andorganizes voluntary services forthe patients. Wherepossible, useismadeofcommunity social service facilities, provincial vocational training facilities, andcommunity service groups inmeeting theneedsofindividual patients. Thesociety doesnotdenyitsphysiotherapy services topatients withconditions otherthan arthritis andrheumatism, suchaspoliomyelitis, cardiovascular or cerebro-vascular disease, or topatients intheconvalescent phaseofsurgery or afteraccidents. In allinstances, thephysiotherapists treat patients onlyattherequest ofand underthedirection ofthepatient's physician. * Asst.MedicalDirector, Canadian Arthritis andRheumatism Society, B.C.Division. Thistreatment programme hasnowbeenoperatingforabout8years andhasgradually spread to include allmajorpopulation areas intheprovince, andevenscattered communities whererapid communication isimpossible owingtothemountainous natureoftheterrain. Itwasenvisaged that, initially, onlyphysiotherapy facilities wouldbe extended totheoutlying areas, butinaddition to this'a consultation service, visiting eachareatwice ayear, hasbeenprovided whereitwouldnototherwisebeavailable. Inthis waygeneral practitioners whoaresomewhat removedfromactive academic centres mayobtain information aboutthephysical therapy provided, aswellasadvice on patient management, useofnewdrugs, andtheavailability ofintensive treatment facilities inVancouver. It still remains tobeseen,however, whether such aspects ofrehabilitation asvocational training, job placement, andworktolerance willbepracticable inthesmaller areas.
Geophagia: the history of earth-eating
Authors: A. Woywodt, A. Kiss
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Geophagia is defined as deliberate consumption of earth, soil, or clay1. From different viewpoints it has been regarded as a psychiatric disease, a culturally sanctioned practice or a sequel to poverty and famine. Prompted by a remarkable case in our own practice2 we became increasingly aware of geophagia in contemporary urban South Africa. In view of the high prevalence of geophagia there and in many other regions of the world1, we hypothesized that ancient medical texts would also contain reports of the disorder. To our surprise, geophagia was indeed reported by many authors ranging from Roman physicians to 18th century explorers. Here we present, together with a brief description of the disorder, some of the most remarkable examples.