tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-241 Drug-Eluting Stents Are Superior To Bare Metal Stents In Reducing Mortality In Cardiogenic Shock Complicating ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: M. Bilal Iqbal, Nearchos Hadjiloizou, Tito Kabir, Andrew Archbold, Tom Crake, Sam Firoozi, Sundeep S. Kalra, Charles Knight, Pitt Lim, Iqbal S. Malik, Anthony Mathur, Pascal Meier, Roby Rakhit, Simon Redwood, Mark Whitbread, Krishnaraj Rathod, Dan Bromage, Andrew Wragg, Philip A. MacCarthy, Miles C. Dalby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effects of functional electrical stimulation on quality of life and emotional stress in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to ischaemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: A randomised, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Apostolos Karavidas, John Parissis, Sophia Arapi, Dimitrios Farmakis, Dimitrios Korres, Maria Nikolaou, John Fotiadis, Nikolaos Potamitis, Xenia Driva, Ioannis Paraskevaidis, Evaggelos Matsakas, Gerasimos Filippatos, Dimitrios T. Kremastinos
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Evaluation of transluminal angioplasty of chronic coronary artery stenosis. Value and limitations assessed in fresh human cadaver hearts.
Authors: G Lee, R M Ikeda, J A Joye, H G Bogren, A N DeMaria, D T Mason
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The possibility of increasing reduced blood flow in atherosclerotic coronary obstruction by catheter balloon dilatation offers a nonsurgical approach to relieve clinical coronary stenosis. To assess the ability of effectively dilating such diseased vessels by transluminal angioplasty, we used the Grüntzig balloon-tipped catheter in 12 fresh human cadaver hearts in which the intervention was performed in 21 noncalcified stenotic areas, including each of the three major coronary arteries. Quantitative coronary arteriography documented decreased obstruction of each lesion; luminal diameter increased 58% (1.9 +/- 0.2 mm to 2.8 +/- 0.3; p less than 0.001) and luminal diameter relative to the most proximal normal coronary segment diminished 61% (46 +/- 4% to 18 +/- 3%; p less than 0.001). Angioplasty was most successfully applied in proximal, discrete, noncalcified lesions of the right and left anterior descending coronaries; calcified, tortuous, middle and distal lesions and the left circumflex coronary were entered with difficulty or unapproachable. Histologic examination revealed microanatomic changes, most often endothelial disruption and atheroma compression, but no serious vascular tears. Dilatation beyond normal coronary diameter caused vessel rupture. This study extends elucidation of the value and limitations of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the clinical use of this technique in selected patients for relieving coronary obstruction without surgery.
Musculoskeletal Diseases of Children
Authors: Burton J. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This book fills a void that has existed in pediatric rheumatology by providing a single text in which the entire spectrum of childhood musculoskeletal diseases, including rheumatic, orthopedic, and physical medicine, is presented. The stress placed on the multidisciplinary approach necessary for the optimum care of children is a recurring and important theme throughout the book. The contributors to this volume represent the leaders in their various fields and bring substantial experience, knowledge, and contributions to their subjects. The book is divided into seven parts: "The Child as a Unique Patient," "Rheumatic Diseases," "Infections of Bones and Joints," "Metabolic and Genetic Diseases," "Orthopedic Disorders," "Radiology," and "Physical Medicine." "The Child as a Unique Patient" provides an excellent introduction to the later sections devoted to the presentation of specific disease entities. Beginning with a discussion of a clinical and diagnostic overview of the child with a musculoskeletal complaint, the section continues
Human ultralente insulin.
Authors: R R Holman, J Steemson, P Darling, W G Reeves, R C Turner
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The greater solubility of human insulin and its possible faster action have led to doubts about whether a sufficiently long acting formulation could be produced to provide a basal supply for diabetics. In a double blind crossover study in 18 diabetics human ultralente insulin was as effective as beef ultralente insulin in controlling basal plasma glucose concentrations (median 5.7 mmol/l (103 mg/100 ml) with human and 6.3 mmol/l (114 mg/100 ml) with beef ultralente insulin respectively). There was no significant difference between human and bovine insulin in the rise in plasma glucose concentration from 0400 to 0700 after an injection the previous morning and no difference between patients receiving an adequate or insufficient dose of human ultralente insulin. Bovine insulin antibody binding was reduced with human insulin (p less than 0.002), which suggests that human insulin is less antigenic than beef insulin. Once daily human ultralente insulin provides a suitable formulation for the basal insulin requirement of diabetics.
A Comparison of Frameworks Evaluating Evidence for Global Health Interventions
Authors: Jill Luoto, Margaret A. Maglione, Breanne Johnsen, Christine Chang, Elizabeth S. Higgs, Tanja Perry, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

A major movement in global health and development in the past 10 years has been the enthusiastic adoption by many of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the field of medicine to represent the most rigorous method to evaluate a program's causal impact [1]–[4]. More recently, this movement has brought about a conceptual debate in global health and development about the proper role for RCTs in informing policy, with increasing efforts to “mind the gap” [5] between the evidence generated by RCTs (which focus on internal consistency) and the larger policy questions at the level of communities or populations (which require, among other things, generalizability) [4],[6]–[10]. The field of medicine that developed the RCT also developed the concept of “evidence-based” medicine that aims to improve health policy decision making by encouraging policymakers to base their policies on the best available evidence. Large international policy-making bodies appear set on applying a similar concept to global health and health systems research [4],[11]. In order to be evidence-based, decisions about global health interventions must consider the available evidence in terms of its quantity, quality, and relevance. Rather than use implicit judgment or other ad hoc methods, in evidence-based medicine it is now advocated and common practice to use a formal framework for considering the evidence as part of a systematic review, the advantages of which include increased transparency and better decision-making. Formal frameworks for evaluating evidence about community-level public health interventions have been proposed and advocated for similar reasons [12]–[17]. These frameworks differ in the degree to which they weight the importance of data from RCTs as compared to data from other study designs, the magnitude of potential benefits and harms, the role of context and implementation, and other factors. At present, there are no commonly accepted guidelines within global public health for how to evaluate evidence, and there is scant evidence to guide policymakers when selecting a framework to use for assessing a body of evidence about a global health intervention. We sought to assess how summary conclusions about the evidence for interventions or programs currently in use or proposed for wide adoption could be influenced by the choice of framework. Consistent results across frameworks would increase policymakers' confidence in using and applying evidence frameworks, and may thereby help to narrow the gap between the questions asked by global health researchers and policymakers. Inconsistent results would call for a re-examination of current frameworks in terms of the domains they assess and the ways in which they are applied.
Concerns about the latest NICE draft guidance on statins
Authors: K. McPherson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Recommending that five million more people take statins lifelong for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease without knowing enough about the side effects is foolhardy.1 The data on side effects need to be public and scrutinised by qualified independent assessors.

My epidemiological experience of commercial bias comes from studying the safety of third generation oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In both cases there was strong evidence for bias in published …
919. Magnetic Nanoparticle Mediated Gene and Cell Delivery
Authors: Darryl N. Williams, Michael Chorny, Benjamin B. Yellen, Ilia Fishbein, Stanley J. Stachelek, Origene Nyanguile, Gary Friedman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Objective: This study focuses on developing a treatment for in-stent restenosis (ISR), the re-obstruction of a stented artery following arterial angioplasty. This work involves creating a system for the delivery of magnetic nanoparticle (NP) loaded endothelial precursor cells to magnetically responsive stents. The goal of this research is to understand NP/cell interactions in response to external magnetic fields as well as characterizing cell viability post incubation with magnetic NPs.
Surgical Repair of Complex Endocarditis
Authors: Fernando De Torres-Alba, Teresa López-Fernández, Ulises Ramírez-Valdiris, Silvia Valbuena-López, Ángel Manuel Iniesta-Manjavacas, Nieves Montoro-López, Mar Moreno-Yangüela, José María Mesa-García, José López-Sendón
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
The effect of high resolution endoscopy in the in vivo diagnosis of colonic polyps
Authors: G. Longcroft-Wheaton, D. Cowlishaw, B. Higgins, P. Bhnadari
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In recent years the resolution of endoscopes has been increasing. Modern Fujinon colonoscopes have a CCD pixel density of 850 000 pixels compared to a standard definition 410 000 pixel CCD. However, acquiring high definition (HD) scopes represents a significant capital investment and their clinical value remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the impact of high resolution endoscopy on the in-vivo histology prediction of colonic polyps <h3>Methods</h3> Procedures were performed using Fujinon colonoscopes and EPX 4400 processor. Fujinon standard definition (SD) EC 530 and high resolution (HD) EC530 and EC 590 colonoscopes were used. Polyps &lt;10 mm were assessed using white light (WLI), FICE and indigo carmine (IC) spray, with the predicted diagnosis recorded with each modality of imaging. In each case the kind of colonoscope (SD or HD) was recorded. Polyps were removed and sent for histological analysis, with the pathologist blinded to the diagnosis made by the endoscopist. The predicted diagnosis for WLI FICE and IC were compared to the true histology to calculate the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of in vivo assessment using either SD or HD scopes. McNemar9s test was used for the statistical comparison of modalities of imaging. <h3>Results</h3> 232 polyps &lt;10 mm were examined, 89 polyps with standard definition endoscopes and 143 polyps high definition endoscopes. The true histology consisted of 155 neoplastic and 77 hyperplastic polyps. HD endoscopes significantly improved the ability of the endoscopist to make an in vivo diagnosis using FICE but had no effect on the WLI or IC predicted diagnosis. See table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In-vivo diagnosis of small polyps is very important for the correct management of patients. W can conclude from our work that: 1)In-vivo prediction of polyp histology is poor with WLI and this does not improve with HD scopes. 2)In-vivo prediction of polyp histology is good with FICE and improves significantly with HD scopes. 3)In-vivo prediction of polyp histology with IC is very good and is unaffected by HD scopes.
LEFT ATRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Masatoshi Minamisawa, Jun Koyama, Hirohiko Motoki, Ayako Takahashi, Kazunori Aizawa, Megumi Koshikawa, Hiroki Kasai, Atsushi Izawa, Takeshi Tomita, Yusuke Miyashita, Setsuo Kumazaki, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Estrogen Replacement Therapy: Indications and Complications
Authors: HOWARD L. JUDD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Estrogen replacement therapy is one of the most controversial issues in the field of reproductive medicine. Indications for its use include hot flashes, vaginal atrophy, and risk of osteoporosis. Risk of heart disease may also be an indication but this use has not been firmly established. The role of estrogen replacement therapy in aging changes of skin needs clarification. Complications of therapy include endometrial cancer, breast cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and gallbladder disease. The last three complications presumably result from hepatic actions of estrogen replacement therapy.
SIMPLIFIED RULES FOR TUBERCULOSIS EXAMINATIONS
Authors: HENRY FARNUM STOLL
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In my instruction at the Medical Officers Training Camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison, and more recently at the Army Medical School, emphasis has been placed on certain points which seem especially essential to the thorough examination of the lungs. While none of these points are original, they do not appear to be so widely appreciated as their importance warrants. These essentials I have arranged in groups of three in the hope that this will make it easier to remember them. Because of lack of time, examinations in the Army must be made rapidly; but if systematically done, they will also be thorough. Therefore (1) system, (2) rapidity and (3) thoroughness characterize the work, the motto being "A maximum amount of information in a minimum of time."
Efficacy and Safety of <i>d</i> -Sotalol, a Pure Class III Antiarrhythmic Compound, in Patients With Symptomatic Complex Ventricular Ectopy
Authors: Stefan H. Hohnloser, Thomas Meinertz, Peter Stubbs, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Jean-Jacques Blanc, Paolo Rizzon, Brigitte Cheuvart
Journal: Circulation (1995)

There is increasing interest in pure class III antiarrhythmic compounds, ie, drugs in which the electrophysiological effect is confined to the propensity for producing an isolated lengthening of action potential duration. d-Sotalol represents the prototype of such pure class III agents. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized dose-finding study evaluated the antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety of d-sotalol in patients with symptomatic chronic ventricular ectopy.A total of 233 patients presenting with > or = 30 premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) per hour during drug-free Holter monitoring randomly received placebo or d-sotalol at dosages of 50, 100, or 200 mg BID. Drug efficacy was assessed by repeat Holter monitoring at the end of double-blind therapy. There was a dose-dependent increase in QT and QTc duration, indicating class III activity. A dose-related decrease in hourly PVC counts was observed, reaching statistical significance for patients receiving 200 mg d-sotalol BID (311 PVCs/h during baseline compared with 135 PVCs/h during active treatment, P < .05). Analysis of the primary efficacy criterion (ie, > or = 75% reduction in total PVCs/h) revealed a significant treatment effect only for the highest d-sotalol dose, with 8 patients (14%) meeting this criterion. Eighteen patients reported side effects, which led to drug discontinuation in 5. One sudden death and one nonfatal cardiac arrest occurred in patients with dilative cardiomyopathy receiving 200 mg d-sotalol BID. No incidence of torsade de pointes was reported.d-Sotalol exerts dose-dependent class III activity in patients with symptomatic ventricular ectopy. Its PVC-suppressing activity is modest and becomes evident predominantly at dosages of 200 mg administered BID. The observation of drug-associated serious adverse arrhythmic events emphasizes the need for individualized careful dose titration, particularly in patients with advanced organic heart disease.
Poor urban planning is contributing to rising cardiovascular disease in India, study concludes
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

National and state governments need to act to encourage “active transport,” researchers have said, after finding that Indians who cycle, walk, and use public transport to travel to and from work have a reduced risk of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.1

Rapid economic and population growth in India have increased car ownership and migration to urban areas, leading to unplanned urbanisation at a time when consumption of energy dense food has risen. The result is an epidemic of non-communicable diseases which accounts for “62% of the total burden of foregone DALYs [disability adjusted life …
US academy calls for new bodies to oversee stem cell research
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The US National Academy of Sciences has published guidelines to advance the science of stem cell research “in a responsible manner.”

The report calls for each US institution conducting stem cell research to establish a committee on embryonic stem cell research that would oversee all the issues relating to the derivation and use of stem cell lines. Such heightened oversight is essential, the report says, to assure the public that research is …
Cardiovascular Events During Differing Hypertension Therapies in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Michael A. Weber, George L. Bakris, Kenneth Jamerson, Matthew Weir, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Richard B. Devereux, Eric J. Velazquez, Björn Dahlöf, Roxzana Y. Kelly, Tsushung A. Hua, Allen Hester, Bertram Pitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Learning from low income countries: what are the lessons?: Palliative care can be delivered through neighbourhood networks
Authors: Suresh Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Neighbourhood network in palliative care is an initiative in the south Indian state of Kerala to develop a sustainable, community owned service for long term and palliative care. It aims at empowering local people to look after chronically ill and dying patients in the community.

Most of the problems associated with chronic …
574 Critical role of ribavirin for the achievement of early virological response to HCV therapy in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients
Authors: B. Ramose, M. Nuñez, A. Rendon, M. Romero, J. Sheldon, P. Barreiro, L. Martin-Carbonero, A. Morenò, J. Garcia-Samaniego, V. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Discovery of common Asian copy number variants using integrated high-resolution array CGH and massively parallel DNA sequencing
Authors: Hansoo Park, Jong-Il Kim, Young Seok Ju, Omer Gokcumen, Ryan E Mills, Sheehyun Kim, Seungbok Lee, Dongwhan Suh, Dongwan Hong, Hyunseok Peter Kang, Yun Joo Yoo, Jong-Yeon Shin, Hyun-Jin Kim, Maryam Yavartanoo, Young Wha Chang, Jung-Sook Ha, Wilson Chong, Ga-Ram Hwang, Katayoon Darvishi, HyeRan Kim, Song Ju Yang, Kap-Seok Yang, Hyungtae Kim, Matthew E Hurles, Stephen W Scherer, Nigel P Carter, Chris Tyler-Smith, Charles Lee, Jeong-Sun Seo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Mechanism of myocardial contractile depression by clinical concentrations of ethanol. A study in ferret papillary muscles.
Authors: T Guarnieri, E G Lakatta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Moderate alcohol intoxication in man, a ubiqitious social event, causes acute but reversible myocardial depression, the mechanism of which is unknown. We investigated whether this depression could be due to a direct effect of ethanol on the process of electromechanical coupling by simultaneously measuring the transmembrane action potential and contraction, or the cytosolic calcium transient (via aequorin photoluminescence) and contraction in isolated ferret right ventricular papillary muscle. Ethanol, in concentrations that are similar to plasma levels in man during intoxication (0.15 vol %), depressed the force of contraction approximately 10%. The step in the electromechanical process that was affected appeared to be the calcium-myofilament interaction, as there was no change in the transmembrane action potential or cytosolic calcium transient. This inhibition was quickly reversed by removal of the ethanol from the perfusate. On the other hand, higher concentrations of ethanol produced changes in contraction, the calcium transient, and the action potential, suggesting multiple levels of inhibition of electromechanical coupling. Increasing the perfusate calcium or use of the calcium channel agonist, BAY-K 8644, increased cytosolic calcium to near maximum but had little effect on contractility, confirming that the relationship between calcium and the myofilaments had been altered. These data suggest that the acute depression in ventricular function seen with alcohol consumption may be due to a direct effect on electromechanical coupling through inhibition of the calcium myofilament interaction.
Safe and effective quadriceps femoris muscle exercise of resisted front bridge with a leg support in patients with anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency
Authors: N Nakae, M Koyanagi, M Sato, T Sakai, Y Kimura, K Hidaka, K Nakata
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Muscle strengthen exercise of quadriceps femoris is important but risky to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft, because quadriceps muscle exercise near the knee extension may causes anterior tibial translation. We developed a new exercise method, ‘resisted front bridge exercise with a leg support at proximal tibia’ (RFBP) in a prone position to avoid a risk. Our hypothesis is that RFBP is safe for the ACL graft and effective for muscle strengthen exercise. Objective To test our hypothesis, we investigated the anterior tibial translation and muscle contraction of quadriceps femoris during RFBP and compared with a front bridge exercise with a leg support at distal tibia (FBD). Design Quasi-experimental study. Setting Controlled laboratory research. Patients Three patients with ACL insufficiency participated in this study approved by the institutional ethical committee. Interventions Patients lied in a prone position with a leg support at proximal tibia. Leg extension exercise was ordered with a 20% of body-weight load on the back thigh to perform ‘RFBP’. Main outcome measurements Anterior tibial translation at 15° knee flexion was measured by fluoroscopy according to Franklin's method. Electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and rectus femoris (RF) were recorded and normalised against the values of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) of the involved leg. Results Anterior tibial translation of the involved knee in RFBP was not statistically significantly different from that of the uninvolved knee, and was smaller than that of the uninvolved knee in FBD in all patients by 4.4 mm in average. The%MVC of VM, VL, and RF muscle activities in the involved knee were 101.8%, 68.2%, and 75.6% during RFBP, respectively. Conclusion The resisted front bridge exercise with a leg support at proximal tibia is safe and effective for the quadriceps femoris at 15° knee flexion following ACL reconstruction surgery.