tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Physician and Family Planning
Authors: Harold I. Lief
Journal: JAMA (1966)

What are the responsibilities of the physician in family planning? Until the last two or three years, most doctors thought little about the matter, assuming that this was not their concern, though they may have been vaguely troubled by the increasing number of reports pointing out the serious consequences of overpopulation. Even if they read that the world's population was going to double by the year 2000, and that in some countries the rate was even higher than this, or that a serious food shortage was even now the result of the population explosion, the average physician was not personally concerned. Numbers are too abstract; it is difficult to visualize a world in which every person will exist on one square foot of space. That kind of visual image is too far from our own experience to be comprehended and, as a result, it becomes an absurdity, without real psychological
Distinct molecular mechanisms responsible for bortezomib-induced death of therapy-resistant versus -sensitive B-NHL cells
Authors: Scott H. Olejniczak, Jennifer Blickwedehl, Alan Belicha-Villanueva, Naveen Bangia, Wasif Riaz, Cory Mavis, James L. Clements, John Gibbs, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Myron S. Czuczman
Journal: Blood (2010)
Ex Vivo Dermoscopy for Biobank-Oriented Sampling of Melanoma
Authors: Joseph Malvehy, Paula Aguilera, Cristina Carrera, Gabriel Salerni, Louise Lovatto, Alon Scope, Ashfaq A. Marghoob, Josep Palou, Llúcia Alós, Susana Puig
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

In the era of targeted therapy for cancer, translational research identifying molecular targets in melanoma offers novel opportunities for potential new treatments.To describe a method for sampling fresh tissue from primary melanoma and to test whether the area of maximal thickness can be identified with dermoscopy to ensure it remains available for routine histopathological diagnosis.Tumors clinically suspicious for melanoma with diameter exceeding 5 mm were included. Dermoscopy-guided sampling was performed using a 2-mm to 3-mm punch through not the thickest part of the tumor. In vivo and ex vivo dermoscopic images obtained were available to the diagnosing pathologist. Melanoma samples were obtained in a referral melanoma unit.In study 1, Breslow thickness in 10 melanomas was compared between sampled tissue and the remaining specimen to confirm that the area of maximal thickness remained available for the histopathological diagnosis. In study 2, forty-three additional melanomas were sampled for biobanking prospectively. Agreement between 2 independent observers on dermoscopic identification of the thickest part of the melanoma was studied.In study 1, the area of maximal Breslow thickness in all 10 melanomas was not sampled and remained in the main specimen. In study 2, sampling was performed by one of the investigators. Concordance was 93% between 2 independent observers for the dermoscopic selection of the thickest portion of the melanoma. Pathologists asserted that the sampling procedure did not compromise their ability to evaluate melanoma specimens. A limitation is that this is a single-center study. Each case required joint evaluation by expert dermoscopists and dermatopathologists.In applying the dermoscopy-guided sampling protocol, we make the following 5 recommendations: Samples should only be obtained from areas that will not interfere with the pathologist's diagnosis and prognostic information. Sampling should not be obtained from tumors for which one suspects that the histopathological evaluation may prove difficult. Sampling should not be performed on small melanomas; we recommend a minimum diameter of 10 mm. All the dermoscopy-guided sampling should be documented with images, available to pathologists and clinicians, and reflected in the pathology report. Finally, the frozen biobank samples should be made available for routine hematoxylin-eosin histopathological evaluation until the final pathology report is produced. Ex vivo dermoscopy may serve to guide the procurement of small samples from primary melanoma for fresh tissue biobanking without compromising the histopathological evaluation.
Needle and syringe exchange programme is announced for Australian prison
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A prison in Australia’s capital is expected to become the first in the English speaking world to establish a needle and syringe exchange programme.

The chief minister of the Australian Capital Territory and also its minister for health, Katy Gallagher, announced this week that the programme would be trialled at the Alexander Maconochie Centre in Canberra.

The one for one needle exchange is part of a broad policy to reduce the spread of bloodborne viruses in the prison.

Gallagher, who faces an election in October, hopes that the programme will begin next year, despite ongoing opposition from prison officers.

She said that there had been nine documented cases …
Rescue Angioplasty after Failed Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Anthony H. Gershlick, Amanda Stephens-Lloyd, Sarah Hughes, Keith R. Abrams, Suzanne E. Stevens, Neal G. Uren, Adam de Belder, John Davis, Michael Pitt, Adrian Banning, Andreas Baumbach, Man Fai Shiu, Peter Schofield, Keith D. Dawkins, Robert A. Henderson, Keith G. Oldroyd, Robert Wilcox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The appropriate treatment for patients in whom reperfusion fails to occur after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction remains unclear. There are few data comparing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (rescue PCI) with conservative care in such patients, and none comparing rescue PCI with repeated thrombolysis.We conducted a multicenter trial in the United Kingdom involving 427 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in whom reperfusion failed to occur (less than 50 percent ST-segment resolution) within 90 minutes after thrombolytic treatment. The patients were randomly assigned to repeated thrombolysis (142 patients), conservative treatment (141 patients), or rescue PCI (144 patients). The primary end point was a composite of death, reinfarction, stroke, or severe heart failure within six months.The rate of event-free survival among patients treated with rescue PCI was 84.6 percent, as compared with 70.1 percent among those receiving conservative therapy and 68.7 percent among those undergoing repeated thrombolysis (overall P=0.004). The adjusted hazard ratio for the occurrence of the primary end point for repeated thrombolysis versus conservative therapy was 1.09 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.71 to 1.67; P=0.69), as compared with adjusted hazard ratios of 0.43 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.26 to 0.72; P=0.001) for rescue PCI versus repeated thrombolysis and 0.47 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.79; P=0.004) for rescue PCI versus conservative therapy. There were no significant differences in mortality from all causes. Nonfatal bleeding, mostly at the sheath-insertion site, was more common with rescue PCI. At six months, 86.2 percent of the rescue-PCI group were free from revascularization, as compared with 77.6 percent of the conservative-therapy group and 74.4 percent of the repeated-thrombolysis group (overall P=0.05).Event-free survival after failed thrombolytic therapy was significantly higher with rescue PCI than with repeated thrombolysis or conservative treatment. Rescue PCI should be considered for patients in whom reperfusion fails to occur after thrombolytic therapy.
Compliance is not all
Authors: M. Marinker
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Bamforth is correct in spotting the wrong preposition in the quotation from Franz Kafka.1 In the course of some enthusiastic technical editing of my article, Kafka was omitted and restored only as the result of my last minute appeal on the telephone.2 Somehow BT (the telecommunications company), my diction, and the technical editor's hearing conspired to substitute the offending preposition. Bamforth's summary of Kafka's story, however, usefully warns us of …
HORMONE DIAGNOSIS OF VIABILITY OF PREGNANCY
Authors: FRANK SPIELMAN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The clinical diagnosis of viability of a pregnancy, especially in the early months, is usually difficult. Both the Aschheim-Zondek 1 and the Friedman 2 pregnancy tests may be of considerable help in determining life or death of the fetus. As Wilson and Corner, 3 Wladika 4 and Spielman 5 have demonstrated, these two reactions depend on the presence or absence of viable chorionic villi. With the complete death of the chorionic tissue, the tests become negative. The prepituitary hormone is the substance which here plays the important role.  Besides the prepituitary, the female sex hormone is also considerably increased in pregnancy from the second month on. As early as 1926, we 6 called attention to the importance of female sex hormone studies in pathologic pregnancy. In order to determine a possible interrelationship between life or death of a fetus and both of these hormones, studies of the hormones were instituted
Book: Handbook of Women's Health: An Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: D. R Judelson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Ed Jo Ann Rosenfeld Cambridge University Press, £47.50, pp 613 ISBN 0 521 78833 1 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> The term “women's health” is best used to describe an approach to the care of a woman by her health providers rather than to denote a specialty. Editor Jo Ann Rosenfeld sets out to consider “the woman and her health needs in her position in her life cycle, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Whatever Happened to Chastity?-Reply
Authors: Yehudi M. Felman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I, too, as a parent and a physician feel very strongly about the need to educate our teenagers on the importance of "responsible and healthy sexual practices, including abstinence and fidelity." While I may even agree with Dr Snell that our society is too casual when it comes to sex, we must remember, however, that we arrived at the state we are now in long before we ever thought of promoting and providing sex education, ie, the use of condoms. There is no scientific evidence to suggest that in providing education about contraception or disease prevention, we would be making the problem worse. As medical professionals, we, more than anyone else, should be fully aware of the consequences of untreated venereal disease and unwanted pregnancies. We, therefore, have an obligation to see that our children do not become victimized by our own self-righteousness. For lacking anything better to
Abstract 2742: Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling accelerates progression of Kras-induced pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Makoto Sano, David R. Driscoll, Wilfredo E. DeJesus-Monge, David S. Klimstra, Brian C. Lewis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a poor prognostic cancer, commonly develops following activating mutations in the KRAS oncogene. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is also commonly observed in PDAC. To ascertain the impact of postnatal activation of the Wnt signaling pathways in PDAC development, we combined the elastase-tva-based RCAS-TVA pancreatic cancer model with the established LSL-KrasG12D, Ptf1a-cre model. Delivery of RCAS viruses encoding β-cateninS37A and Wnt1 stimulated the progression of premalignant PanIN and PDAC development. Moreover, mice injected with RCAS-β-cateninS37A and Wnt1 had reduced survival relative to RCAS-GFP controls (log-rank test; p &amp;lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, active β-catenin or its DNA-binding partner TCF4 enhanced PDAC cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation, as well as migration and invasion activity. In contrast, these phenotypes were significantly blocked by the introduction of Icat, an inhibitor of the β-catenin/TCF4 interaction. Interestingly, Id2 (inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding2) was significantly up-regulated by induction of β-catenin and TCF4, whereas Id2 expression was inhibited by Icat. Furthermore, nuclear β-catenin and Id2 were mainly observed in poorly differentiated PDACs and sarcomatoid tumors. Together, these data suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway stimulates pancreatic tumor development and progression through the activation of Id2. Citation Format: Makoto Sano, David R. Driscoll, Wilfredo E. DeJesus-Monge, David S. Klimstra, Brian C. Lewis. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling accelerates progression of Kras-induced pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2742. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2742
Cardiovascular and sympathetic response to exercise after long-term beta-adrenergic blockade.
Authors: A E Raine, T G Pickering
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The response to dynamic exercise was investigated in 21 patients receiving long-term treatment with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and 22 controls. An electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure were recorded before and after treadmill exercise, and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was measured as an index of changes in sympathetic activity. Heart rate and blood pressure were lower at rest and throughout exercise in treated patients, although the pressor effect of exercise was not reduced. The ECG P-R interval was lengthened, and in addition the Q-T interval was prolonged. After exercise, plasma DBH activity was significantly increased in controls but not in treated patients. We conclude that long-term administration of beta-adrenergic blockers increases myocardial repolarisation time and reduces sympathetic nervous activity. These actions may contribute to the antiarrhythmic and hypotensive effects of long-term beta-blockade.
Profiles of expression of carbohydrate chain structures during human intrahepatic bile duct development and maturation: A lectin-histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Tadashi Terada, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We investigated expression of carbohydrate chain structures during human intrahepatic bile duct development and maturation. Results of staining for ABH antigens were negative in the ductal plate and biliary cells migrating into the mesenchyma but were positive in newly formed bile ducts in the fetal liver and in maturing bile ducts in the postnatal liver. Staining for Lewis(a), sialyl Lewis(a) and Lewisb antigens was negative in the ductal plate but positive in migrating biliary cells, newly formed ducts and maturing ducts. Staining for sialyl Lewisx antigen was positive in the ductal plate, migrating biliary cells and newly formed ducts but negative in the postnatal liver. Lewis(y) antigen staining was negative in the ductal plate and migrating biliary cells but positive in newly formed ducts and maturing ducts. Staining for T and Tn antigens was negative in the ductal plate, migrating biliary cells and newly formed ducts but positive in maturing ducts. Staining for Lewisx, sialyl Tn and carcinoembryonic antigen was negative in all tissues. Receptors of Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and soybean agglutinin were absent in the ductal plate, migrating biliary cells and newly formed ducts but present in maturing large ducts. Staining for receptors of concanavalin A and Ricnus communis agglutinin I was negative in the ductal plate but positive in migrating biliary cells, newly formed ducts and maturing ducts. Staining for the receptor of succinylated wheat germ agglutinin was always positive. These findings suggest that carbohydrate chain structures change during intrahepatic bile duct development and maturation and that new carbohydrate chain structures gradually emerge as intrahepatic bile ducts develop and mature.
Hyperinsulinemia in a normal population as a predictor of non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease: The barilla factory revisited
Authors: I. Zavaroni, L. Bonini, P. Gasparini, A.L. Barilli, A. Zuccarelli, E. Dall'Aglio, R. Delsignore, G.M. Reaven
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Effects of monounsaturated fatty acids ν complex carbohydrates on serum lipoproteins and apoproteins in healthy men and women
Authors: Ronald P. Mensink, Monique J.M. de Groot, Léon T. van den Broeke, Anja P. Severijnen-Nobels, Pierre N.M. Demacker, Martijn B. Katan
Journal: Metabolism (1989)
Inflammatory Cell Count and Identification in Chronic non Specific Duodenitis
Authors: R. Cheli, A. Giacosa
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

The authors studied the count and identification of inflammatory cells in biopsies of chronic non specific duodenitis. In superficial and atrophic duodenitis there is an increase of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer and a rich population of plasmacells in the lamina propria. In interstitial duodenitis the intraepithelial lymphocytes are increased; in the lamina propria there is a zonal cellular increase constituted by lymphocytes.
Benign Thyroid Inclusions in Cervical Lymph Nodes
Authors: Anthony D. Nicastri
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Histologically benign thyroid follicles have been found in lateral cervical lymph nodes of 16 patients at Memorial Hospital, New York. All were incidental findings in radical neck dissections for malignant tumors of other than thyroid origin. The thyroid follicles were<i>nonpapillary</i>in character. These have not been interpreted as metastases from thyroid carcinoma. It is believed that the benign lymphatic transport theory, as proposed in endometriosis, explains their occurrence. Present evidence justifies a conservative approach. There is no intention to revive the concept of "lateral aberrant thyroid."
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis, Gadolinium, and Iron Mobilization
Authors: Sundararaman Swaminathan, Thomas D. Horn, Donna Pellowski, Sameh Abul-Ezz, Joshua A. Bornhorst, Sanjaya Viswamitra, Sudhir V. Shah
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a newly described systemic disorder that occurs in patients with renal insufficiency.1,2 The functional consequences of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis...
Diphtheric Heart-disorders in Children
Authors: C. Neubauer
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Among all the ill effects which diphtheria may cause in childhood the damage inflicted on the heart is the most serious.The vast majority of deaths in children due to this disease occur as a result of injury to the cardiovascular system.A few cases of the laryngeal type result in death from mechanical obstruction and some others from pharyngeal paralysis.Practically all the remaining deaths are due to some form of cardiac failure.Knowledge of the pathology, clinical signs, and treatment
Reforms in London won't close hospitals, says health secretary
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Specialist stroke centres and GPs' supersurgeries won't mean hospital closures in London, the health secretary, Alan Johnson, has told MPs.

At this first opportunity to be grilled by his peers since taking up the post a month ago, Mr Johnson reassured the health select committee that the proposed reforms do not carry a hidden agenda for more cuts ( BMJ 2007;335:61, 14 Jul doi: 10.1136/bmj.39273.467697.DB).

Doug Naysmith, MP for Bristol North West, was one of the many committee members who feared that they might. Stroke centres would offer scans in three hours, he said. “That must reflect on the future of large hospitals because we can't have 10 or 12 of those in London because we just don't have the facilities, and that means concentrating down.”

“That is true, but it does not mean other hospitals closing down,” replied Mr Johnson. “For example King's [College Hospital] has a very good …
Botryomycosis: a complication of extensive follicular mucinosis
Authors: ROGER R. M. HARMAN, MARY P. ENGLISH, MARTIN HALFORD, ERIC M. SAIHAN, LEIGHTON W. GREENHAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

A case of extensive follicular mucinosis, without evidence of lymphoma and present for 9 years, was complicated by cutaneous botryomycosis which initially resembled sporotrichosis. Scanty Staphylococcus aureus was cultured with difficulty. No immunodeficiency could be demonstrated, and the importance of a local tissue factor (namely follicular mucinosis) in the production of the characteristic histological reaction of botryomycosis is emphasized.
Chemoprophylaxis of malaria in Africa
Authors: B A Southgate
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Professor L J Bruce-Chwatt successfully underlined the complexity of the problem of drug-resistant malaria and showed that some conflicting opinions exist among members of the medical profession regarding the antimalarial drugs to be used for chemoprophylaxis.Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in Africa, especially in East Africa, must be recognised as an established fact.It has been found
Safety with lasers.
Authors: D W Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1971)

in sarcoidosis and the normal levels.A fur- *ther study of this interesting condition is called for especially in view of the evidence (reviewed by Drs.Willoughby and Mitchell) that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may sometimes share so many features that the distinction between them has become blurred.-Weare, etc.,
Metabolic Control and Progression of Retinopathy: The Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study
Authors: Emily Y Chew, James L Mills, Boyd E Metzger, Nancy A Remaley, Lois Jovanovic-Peterson, Robert H Knopp, Mary Conley, Lawrence Rand, Joe L Simpson, Lewis B Holmes, Jerome H Aarons
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of metabolic control in the progression of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 155 diabetic women in the Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study followed from the periconceptional period to 1 month postpartum. Fundus photographs were obtained shortly after conception (95% within 5 weeks of conception) and within 1 month postpartum. Glycosylated hemoglobin was measured weekly during the 1st trimester and monthly thereafter. RESULTS In the 140 patients who did not have proliferative retinopathy at baseline, progression of retinopathy was seen in 10.3, 21.1, 18.8, and 54.8% of patients with no retinopathy, microaneurysms only, mild nonproliferative retinopathy, and moderate-to-severe nonproliferative retinopathy at baseline, respectively. Proliferative retinopathy developed in 6.3% with mild and 29% with moderate-to-severe baseline retinopathy. Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin at baseline and the magnitude of improvement of glucose control through week 14 were associated with a higher risk of progression of retinopathy (adjusted odds ratio for progression in those with glycohe-moglobin ≥ 6 SD above the control mean versus those within 2 SD was 2.7; 95% confidence interval was 1.1-7.2; P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS The risk for progression of diabetic retinopathy was increased by initial glycosylated hemoglobin elevations as low as 6 SD above the control mean. This increased risk maybe due to suboptimal control itself or to the rapid improvement in metabolic control that occurred in early pregnancy. Excellent metabolic control before conception may be required to avoid this increase in risk. Those with moderate-to-severe retinopathy at conception need more careful ophthalmic monitoring, particularly if their diabetes was suboptimally controlled at conception.
ONE-YEAR OUTCOMES AFTER THE UNRESTRICTED USE OF SIROLIMUS- VERSUS PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Yong-Jian Li, Seung-Woon Rha, Kang-Yin Chen, Qun Dang, Amro Elnagar, Byoung Geol Choi, Sung il Im, Sunwon Kim, Jin Oh Na, Seongwoo Han, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Hong-Seog Seo, Chang Gyu Park, Dong Joo Oh, Myung Ho Jeong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)