tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity-specific Gene–Gene Interaction between IL-13 and IL-4Rα among African Americans with Asthma
Authors: Natalie C. Battle, Shweta Choudhry, Hui-Ju Tsai, Celeste Eng, Gunjan Kumar, Kenneth B. Beckman, Mariam Naqvi, Kelley Meade, H. George Watson, Michael LeNoir, Esteban González Burchard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Genes in the interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13/IL-4Rα pathway have been shown to be associated with asthma and related phenotypes in some populations, but not in others. Furthermore, interaction between these genes has been shown to affect asthma in white and Chinese populations.Objectives: To determine whether there are IL-4/IL-13 and IL-4Rα gene–gene interactions that are associated with asthma in African Americans.Methods: Eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-4, IL-13, and IL-4Rα genes were genotyped in 264 African Americans with asthma and 176 healthy control subjects. We tested the SNPs for genetic associations and gene–gene interactions with asthma, baseline lung function, bronchodilator drug response, and total serum IgE levels.Measurements and Main Results: We identified 94 SNPs in IL-4, IL-13, and IL-4Rα genes by directly sequencing these genes in 24 African-American subjects with asthma. Seventeen SNPs were analyzed for association with asthma and related phenotypes. We found no evidence of association in the IL-4 gene. One SNP in the IL-13 gene (A−646G, rs2069743) and two SNPs in the IL-4Rα gene (A+4679G, rs1805010, and C+22656T, rs1805015) showed association with lung function (both baseline and post-bronchodilator). Although the association between individual SNPs and asthma-related phenotypes differed from previous studies performed in white and Chinese populations, significant gene–gene interaction was found between the IL-13 (A−646G) and IL-4Rα (A+4679G) SNPs for baseline lung function among African-American subjects with asthma.Conclusions: Gene–gene interaction between the IL-13 and IL-4Rα genes may play an important role in asthma among African Americans.
Published and Perished
Authors: Mark L. Taff
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of cimetidine on enzyme actuation ....
Authors: H Schoni, R Kraemer
Journal: Gut (1986)

Crohn's disease in married couples SIR,-We were interested to read of Crohn's disease occurring in two married couples (Gut 1985; 26: 1086) and would like to draw attention to a further example:Mr DH, born 1931, caucasian, presented in late 1960 with abdominal pain.A laparotomy was done and revealed Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum.In February 1966 a right hemicolectomy was carried out for a stricture of the terminal ileum and an abscess in the right iliac fossa.The gross appear- ances and histology were typical of Crohn's disease.Since then he has remained well apart from a mild recurrence of symptoms in 1980.Mrs SH, born 1933, caucasian, married Mr DH in 1954.A laparotomy was done in September 1965 for pain in the right iliac fossa.Just before surgery a mass had developed in this area.The terminal ileum and caecum were involved in Crohn's disease and a right hemicolectomy undertaken, after which she made a straightforward recovery.She had no further recurrence of this condition but subsequently de- veloped a carcinoma of the breast and died in March 1985 of disseminated malignancy.Crohn's disease in both these patients followed a remarkably benign course and neither had a dis- charge from a sinus or fistula unlike in the report of Rhodes et dl.This is the fifth example and according to Rhodes and coworkers the p value for five or more 'cimetidine and cystic fibrosis' and the quoted papers supporting the benefit of cimetidine should on July 18, 2023 by guest.
Do We Have the Infant Mortality Rate We Desire?
Authors: Herman A. Hein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

WHY DO we decry the United States' infant mortality rate? Don't we have the rate we want? Sarcasm? Yes. Overstatement? No! If we polled the nation's political and health care leaders about these questions, they would hasten to dismiss them as sheer nonsense. After all, everyone knows how tragic it is that the United States ranks behind essentially all industrialized nations in infant mortality. Furthermore, our poor standing is not just a matter of variance in reporting; we really do very poorly when compared with other, similar nations. Thus, there seems to be a clear answer to the first question, "Of course we decry the infant mortality rate, we are doing very poorly." The second question cannot be dismissed as easily. If we do not have the rate we desire, what are we doing to change the situation? Government leaders will note that we are providing more money for underprivileged
TCT-228 Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Predicts Long-term Prognosis In Patients With Successful First Generation Drug-eluting Stents Implantation Without Residual Stenosis At Chronic Stage
Authors: Shigenori Ito, Kosuke Nakasuka, Satoru Sekimoto, Kazuyuki Miyata, Masahiko Inomata, Takayuki Yoshida, Nozomu Tamai, Tomoaki Saeki, Shin Suzuki, Yoshimasa Murakami, Koichi Sato
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Ascites and Its Delivery
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The swollen belly, puffy legs and scanty urine of the patient with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites comprise a classic paradox that has fascinated great clinical physiologists from Ernest Starling to John P. Peters. The extracellular-fluid volume and the body's stores of salt are obviously expanded. Measurements of the plasma volume by tagged proteins usually show that the total albumin space is normal or greater than normal. Such measurements are misleading, however, since they must include some extravascular protein present in liver lymph and in the ascitic fluid. In addition, blood is needed to fill swollen abdominal and collateral . . .
Mortality From Tuberculosis 1890-1960
Authors: Theodore C. Doege
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> T.C. Doege (<i>JAMA</i><b>192</b>:1045-1048 [June 21] 1965) analyzed tuberculosis mortality in the United States, 1900 to 1960. He may have wanted to revitalize the "fight" against tuberculosis. Its withering mortality commands fewer private and public monies, while sanatoria are being turned into oldage asylums. Doege's advice is as pure as being against sin and for motherhood. We brought it down that far; let us now use all our social, economic, and medical resources and we shall soon eradicate tuberculosis. Effective drugs have been available for two decades; some isolation has been practiced for five. So far, however, nothing has had any influence on demographic statistics. National mortality from tuberculosis, in this country as well as abroad, has decreased more and more slowly, in inverse proportion to the effectiveness of therapy and extent of isolation. The slowing down is unrelated to the fight; we simply have not
Overexpression of Rab3D enhances regulated amylase secretion from pancreatic acini of transgenic mice.
Authors: H Ohnishi, L C Samuelson, D I Yule, S A Ernst, J A Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Rab3D, a member of the ras-related GTP-binding protein Rab family, is localized to secretory granules of various exocrine tissues such as acinar cells of the pancreas, chief cells of the stomach, and parotid and lacrimal secretory cells. To elucidate the function of Rab3D in exocytosis, we have generated transgenic mice that over-express Rab3D specifically in pancreatic acinar cells. Hemagglutinin-tagged Rab3D was localized to zymogen granules by immunohistochemistry, and was shown to be present on zymogen granule membranes by Western blotting; both results are similar to previous studies of endogenous Rab3D. Secretion measurements in isolated acinar preparations showed that overexpression of Rab3D enhanced amylase release. Amylase secretion from intact acini of transgenic mice 5 min after 10 pM cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK) stimulation was enhanced by 160% of control. In streptolysin-O-permeabilized acini of transgenic mice, amylase secretion induced by 100 microM GTP-gamma-S was enhanced by 150%, and 10 microM Ca2+-stimulated amylase secretion was augmented by 206% of that of the control. To further elucidate Rab3D involvement in stimulus-secretion coupling, we examined the effect of CCK on the rate of GTP binding to Rab3D. Stimulation of permeabilized acini with 10 pM CCK increased the incorporation of radiolabeled GTP into HA-tagged Rab3D. These results indicate that overexpression of Rab3D enhances secretagogue-stimulated amylase secretion through both calcium and GTP pathways. We conclude that Rab3D protein on zymogen granules plays a stimulatory role in regulated amylase secretion from pancreatic acini.
Effects of brief yoga exercises and motivational preparatory interventions in distance runners: results of a controlled trial
Authors: B Donohue, A Miller, M Beisecker, D Houser, R Valdez, S Tiller, T Taymar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

To examine the efficacy of two preparatory interventions on one mile run performance in 90 high school long distance runners.After participants had completed a one mile baseline run, they were randomly assigned to participate in either one of two interventions (brief yoga exercises, motivational shouting exercises) or a no intervention control condition. Experimental conditions were implemented one week after the baseline run about 20 minutes before a second one mile trial.Participants assigned to the motivational intervention improved their running performance significantly more than those assigned to the other two conditions. Although the magnitude of the effect was small, participants assigned to yoga exercises showed significant improvements in running performance relative to control condition participants. Consumer satisfaction ratings indicated that participants who were assigned to the motivational and yoga exercise groups liked their interventions more than those assigned to the control group.Motivational and yoga interventions designed to improve long distance running performance were equally acceptable to the participants, but the former had a greater effect.
Ascaris Pancreatitis: Early Diagnosis by Ultrasonography and Endoscopic Treatment
Authors: H. Yamamoto, K. Tamada, T. Tomiyama, K. Ido, K. Kimura
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

See also: Endoscopy-Assisted Emergency Treatment of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatobiliary AscariasisEndoscopy 1996; 28(07): 629-632DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005560
The tumor necrosis factor receptor and human neutrophil function. Deactivation and cross-deactivation of tumor necrosis factor-induced neutrophil responses by receptor down-regulation.
Authors: B Schleiffenbaum, J Fehr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Despite numerous reports, the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function remains controversial. We found TNF to be a potent, pertussis toxin-independent stimulator of PMN adhesion (ED50 2.6 pM). TNF-stimulated PMN under adherent conditions released up to 65% of their transcobalamine content (ED50 3.9 pM) and increased their burst activity 10-fold (ED50 3.2 pM) as measured by the hexose monophosphate shunt, whereas PMN held in suspension hardly degranulated at all and only little burst activity was demonstrable. However, preincubation of PMN with TNF in suspension led to a decrease in cellular adhesiveness, degranulation, and burst activity in response to a secondary stimulus of TNF under adherent conditions, although cells remained fully responsive toward phorbol myristate acetate. A concomitant dose-dependent decline of TNF receptor numbers that correlated well with the inhibition of PMN function (r = 0.91) suggests receptor down-regulation as the mechanism of functional PMN deactivation. Remarkably, preincubation with other PMN stimuli such as N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, platelet-activating factor, leukotriene B4, complement component fragment 5a (C5a)/C5a (desarginated), and endotoxin also led to a reduction of TNF-specific PMN responses (cross-deactivation) from 35% (LTB4) to 90% (endotoxin), corresponding with the down-regulation of TNF receptors. Deactivation and receptor down-regulation are independent of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and protein kinase C but seemed to depend on changes in calcium metabolism. Granulocyte hyporesponsiveness towards TNF in sepsis (with elevated blood levels of endotoxin and TNF) might be a mechanism of self-protection or, to the contrary, might impair a possibly central mode of host defense.
Letter: Assessment of results of surgery.
Authors: S Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (1976)

low.It is difficult to know what the second figure "1 in 450 000 to 1 in 1 800 000" is intended to denote.It is presumably meant to imply that the average size of population expected to include nine such patients is 450 000-1 800 000.This figure is probably too high but in any case the total population from which the nine patients were ascertained is undefined and presumably unknown.The probability that the size of this population falls within 95% confidence limits of the above estimate is likely to be quite high.Moreover, three specialised rheumatological centres were involved so that the likelihood of biased ascertainment is considerable.Among 104 successive men with ankylosing spondylitis ascertained here, one has sero- positive peripheral erosive polyarthritis with a rheumatoid olecranon nodule, his HLA typing including B27.The prevalence of this grade of rheumatoid arthritis is 1 00' in males.4We therefore interpret the evidence as providing no support for a non-random association of the two diseases and indeed it would be surprising and even more interesting if such cases were not encountered.All the present clinical, immunological, and genetic evidence points to the likelihood that there is no aetiological connection between rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Foodborne illness in the 1990s
Authors: D. E. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that food causes 6.5 million acute illnesses and 9000 associated deaths annually 1 ; other morbidity estimates are substantially higher. 2 Unlike many infectious diseases, foodborne illness is largely preventable.  The Minnesota Department of Health's studies of foodborne illness offer important lessons. In one study, 3 a shigellosis outbreak was traced to food served on a commercial aircraft. This study shows that the simplest rules of preventing foodborne disease, such as good personal hygiene and proper refrigeration of food, are frequently forgotten.  A second article 4 describes a large, diffuse outbreak of salmonellosis in which the vehicle was commercially shredded cheese, and the causative agents were Salmonella javiana and Salmonella oranienburg . Without historical data on human isolate serotypes and the monitoring of specific serotype isolations by epidemiologists, this outbreak could have been overlooked.  Both these articles make clear that
Cardio-renal recovery of hypoxic newborn pigs after 18%, 21% and 100% reoxygenation
Authors: Po-Yin Cheung, Laila Obaid, Marwan Emara, Yann Brierley, Scott T. Johnson, Grace S. Chan, Laurence Jewell, Gregory Korbutt, David L. Bigam
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Pierre Bedossa, Delphine Dargère, Valerie Paradis
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Fibrosis is a common endpoint of clinical trials in chronic hepatitis C, and liver biopsy remains the gold standard for fibrosis evaluation. However, variability in the distribution of fibrosis within the liver is a potential limitation. Our aim was to assess the heterogeneity of liver fibrosis and its influence on the accuracy of assessment of fibrosis with liver biopsy. Surgical samples of livers from patients with chronic hepatitis C were studied. Measurement of fibrosis was performed on the whole section by using both image analysis and METAVIR score (reference value). From the digitized image of the whole section, virtual biopsy specimens of increasing length were produced. Fibrosis was assessed independently on each individual virtual biopsy specimen. Results were compared with the reference value according to the length of the biopsy specimen. By using image analysis, the coefficient of variation of fibrosis measurement with 15-mm long biopsy specimens was 55%; and for biopsy specimens of 25-mm length it was 45%. By using the METAVIR scoring system, 65% of biopsies 15 mm in length were categorized correctly according to the reference value. This increased to 75% for a 25-mm liver biopsy specimen without any substantial benefit for longer biopsy specimens. Sampling variability of fibrosis is a significant limitation in the assessment of fibrosis with liver biopsy. In conclusion, this study suggests that a length of at least 25 mm is necessary to evaluate fibrosis accurately with a semiquantitative score. Sampling variability becomes a major limitation when using more accurate methods such as automated image analysis.
Chemical Contamination of Green Turtle ( <i>Chelonia mydas</i> ) Eggs in Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Conservation and Public Health
Authors: Jason P. van de Merwe, Mary Hodge, Henry A. Olszowy, Joan M. Whittier, Kamarruddin Ibrahim, Shing Y. Lee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)-such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)-and heavy metals have been reported in sea turtles at various stages of their life cycle. These chemicals can disrupt development and function of wildlife. Furthermore, in areas such as Peninsular Malaysia, where the human consumption of sea turtle eggs is prevalent, egg contamination may also have public health implications.In the present study we investigated conservation and human health risks associated with the chemical contamination of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs in Peninsular Malaysia.Fifty-five C. mydas eggs were collected from markets in Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed for POPs and heavy metals. We conducted screening risk assessments (SRAs) and calculated the percent of acceptable daily intake (ADI) for POPs and metals to assess conservation and human health risks associated with egg contamination.C. mydas eggs were available in 9 of the 33 markets visited. These eggs came from seven nesting areas from as far away as Borneo Malaysia. SRAs indicated a significant risk to embryonic development associated with the observed arsenic concentrations. Furthermore, the concentrations of coplanar PCBs represented 3 300 times the ADI values set by the World Health Organization.The concentrations of POPs and heavy metals reported in C. mydas eggs from markets in Peninsular Malaysia pose considerable risks to sea turtle conservation and human health.
Multiple sclerosis: nature or nurture.
Authors: E S Williams, R O McKeran
Journal: BMJ (1991)

A requiem for vagotomy SIR,-We fear that like so many who have contributed to the debate about the long term management of duodenal ulcer disease Professor J Alexander-Williams' has missed the point.The problem with duodenal ulcers is not how to heal acute exacerbations (a task readily accomplished by medical treatment) but how to prevent them' from recurring.None of the currently available medical treatments, including tripotassium dicitratobismuthate, alter the clinical course of duodenal ulcer disease.(The lower than expected relapse rate of ulcers treated with tripotassium dicitratobismuthate seen in the first year after healing does not seem to be maintained at two years, by which time almost 90% of ulcers are likely to have recurred.')Furthermore, the 12 month recurrence rate of about 25% reported in a recent meta-analysis of studies advocating continuous maintenance treatment with H2 receptor antagonists' can hardly be described as satisfactory.Relapse rates associated with maintenance treatment with tripotassium dicitratobismuthate4 or omeprazole' are even more disappointing (31% at one year and 23-27% at six months, respectively).Surgery is usually reserved for patients with "refractory" ulcers, in whom even full dose maintenance treatment (800 mg cimetidine at night) is singularly unsuccessful, with a 50% recurrence rate at one year.6Against this background, a highly selective vagotomy can offer 87-95% of patients with duodenal ulcers ulcer free remission for at least five years,7-" particularly when the operation is performed by a surgeon who has received specialist training in the technique.A dispassionate look at the available facts clearly indicates that highly selective vagotomy is an attractive alter- native in highly selected patients for whom medical maintenance treatment proves inadequate.As only a small proportion of patients with duodenal ulcers require surgery we suggest that the excellent results that highly selective vagotomy can offer may best be maintained by referring suitable patients to specialist centres.