tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mutation in Fas Ligand Impairs Maturation of Thymocytes Bearing Moderate Affinity T Cell Receptors
Authors: Tamar E. Boursalian, Pamela J. Fink
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Fas ligand, best known as a death-inducer, is also a costimulatory molecule required for maximal proliferation of mature antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We now extend the role of Fas ligand by showing that it can also influence thymocyte development. T cell maturation in some, but not all, strains of TCR transgenic mice is severely impaired in thymocytes expressing mutant Fas ligand incapable of interacting with Fas. Mutant Fas ligand inhibits neither negative selection nor death by neglect. Instead, it appears to modulate positive selection of thymocytes expressing both class I– and class II–restricted T cell receptors of moderate affinity for their positively selecting ligands. Fas ligand is therefore an inducer of death, a costimulator of peripheral T cell activation, and an accessory molecule in positive selection.
Association of Fibrinogen With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in the Framingham Offspring Population
Authors: James J. Stec, Halit Silbershatz, Geoffrey H. Tofler, Travis H. Matheney, Patrice Sutherland, Izabela Lipinska, Joseph M. Massaro, Peter F.W. Wilson, James E. Muller, Ralph B. D’Agostino
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Fibrinogen has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Also, the role of elevated fibrinogen in thrombosis suggests that it may be on the causal pathway for certain risk factors to exert their effect. These associations remain incompletely characterized. Moreover, the optimal fibrinogen assay for risk stratification is uncertain. Methods and Results —In 2632 subjects from cycle 5 of the Framingham Offspring Population, fibrinogen levels were determined with a newly developed immunoprecipitation test (American Biogenetic Sciences) and the functional Clauss method. With the immunoprecipitation method, there were significant linear trends across fibrinogen tertiles ( P &lt;0.001) for age, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in men and women. The Clauss method had significant results ( P &lt;0.030), except for triglycerides in men. Fibrinogen levels were higher for those with compared with those without cardiovascular disease. After covariate adjustment, fibrinogen remained significantly higher in those with cardiovascular disease with the use of the immunoprecipitation test ( P =0.035 and P =0.018 for men and women, respectively) but not with the Clauss method. Conclusions —Fibrinogen was associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Elevation of fibrinogen may provide a mechanism for risk factors to exert their effect. Also, fibrinogen levels were higher among subjects with cardiovascular disease compared with those without disease. The immunoprecipitation test showed a stronger association with cardiovascular disease than the Clauss method, suggesting that it may be a useful screening tool to identify individuals at increased thrombotic risk.
Use of Gene-Expression Profiling to Identify Prognostic Subclasses in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lars Bullinger, Konstanze Döhner, Eric Bair, Stefan Fröhling, Richard F. Schlenk, Robert Tibshirani, Hartmut Döhner, Jonathan R. Pollack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the presence or absence of recurrent cytogenetic aberrations is used to identify the appropriate therapy. However, the current classification system does not fully reflect the molecular heterogeneity of the disease, and treatment stratification is difficult, especially for patients with intermediate-risk AML with a normal karyotype.
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage at Cardiac Level
Authors: R. D. ROWE, I. H. GLASS, J. D. KEITH
Journal: Circulation (1961)

In 6 patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage at cardiac level, differentiation between pulmonary veins entering the right atrium and those entering the coronary sinus was possible after selective angiocardiography into the pulmonary artery. The principal feature of the angiocardiogram of the coronary sinus variety is an egg-shaped opacification over the spine within the right atrial contour. In the direct connection of pulmonary veins to the right atrium, the latter chamber may fill promptly after pulmonary venous return, sometimes starting as a circular shadow with the right atrium but never having the ovoid appearance of the coronary sinus variety.
Hidden Epidemic of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in China
Authors: Chris Beyrer
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: V. Annese, G. Caletti, L. Cipolletta, G. Costamagna, V. D’Onofrio, G. Leandro, M. Koch, F. Pace, R. Penagini, A. Repici, E. Ricci, S. Vigneri, G. Zaninotto
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common chronic disorder which has a severe effect on the patient’s quality of life. In view of the high cost of medical therapy and the limitations of surgery, a variety of endoscopic techniques have been developed for the treatment of this condition, and these have shown apparently encouraging results, at least in the short term. However, promising results have been obtained in only around two-thirds of patients over a short-term follow-up period of about 6 months. Moreover, several inconsistencies have emerged between the efficacy of this form of treatment in improving symptoms and quality of life and a lack of improvement of objective parameters, such as lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal acid exposure. The authors strongly endorse the need for comprehensive evaluation of clinical evidence on this topic. After an extensive evaluation of existing literature, we suggest that controlled studies are urgently needed in order to clarify the potential of endoscopic therapy, either in terms of cost-effectiveness or in comparison with standard therapy. Meanwhile, with regard to current practice, the use of endoscopic treatment should be limited to clinical trials, which should incorporate the provision of comprehensive and unbiased information to study patients.
Lamellar body depletion in dogs undergoing pulmonary artery occlusion.
Authors: J W Shepard, D Hauer, K Miyai, K M Moser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We have investigated the relationship between pulmonary artery occlusion (PAO) and the surfactant system of the lung by studying the ultrastructural responses of type II alveolar pneumocytes to PAO of 4-12 h duration in 16 mongrel dogs. In six of these animals, the occluded lung was allowed to reperfuse for 6 h before killing and in four animals subjected to PAO of 4 h duration, the occluded lung was ventilated with 5% CO2 balance air. PAO by itself resulted in a dramatic 80% reduction in the volumetric density of lamellar bodies (LB) in the type II cells. This resulted predominantly from a decrese in volume of the individual LB. Although reperfusion was associated with an increase in LB volume density toward normal, 6 h of reperfusion was insufficient to re-establish normal type II cellular morphology. Ventilation of the occluded lung with 5% CO2 prevented LB depletion indicating that alveolar CO2 tension may affect the release and/or synthesis of LB in type II pneumocytes.
Energy Levels and Patient Weight in Ventricular Defibrillation
Authors: Joseph A. Gascho, Richard S. Crampton, James N. Sipes, Michael L. Cherwek, Frank P. Hunter, William M. O'Brien
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In a prospective survey employing conventional devices that stored 400 joules or less, direct-current shocks that delivered 194±11 joules (1.8 joules/kg) to the chest wall terminated 45 of 46 episodes of ventricular fibrillation in 11 of 12 patients weighing 91 to 225 kg. Patients with coronary disease defibrillated more easily than patients without coronary disease. Weight did not determine outcome. The 98% defibrillation efficiency occurred at only half the energy predicted for 50% efficiency from retrospective data. Human defibrillation not only occurred at one third the untested level recommended by proponents of high-energy defibrillation, but also at one fourth the energy, defibrillating 69% of comparably heavy animals. Thus, the costly defibrillators delivering 400 to 800 joules now sold by 11 of 14 American manufacturers are superfluous, untested, potentially lethal devices with which to attempt ventricular defibrillation. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1380-1384, 1979).
Testing the homocysteine hypothesis in end-stage renal disease: Problems and a possible solution
Authors: L.J. Hoffer
Journal: Kidney International (2006)

The homocysteine hypothesis states that circulating homocysteine is a vascular toxin in concentrations that occur in the general population and in renal failure. This hypothesis is currently being tested in the Kidney and End State Renal Disease Study (HOST), but data have emerged since the HOST began that suggest its results will be inconclusive. The crucial treatment component in the HOST is folic acid, but its effect is likely to be lost because the American food supply is now fortified with folic acid. A second concern is that the very high doses of folic acid and pyridoxine being used in the HOST may confound the results. Finally, confounding due to 'reverse epidemiology' was not considered when the HOST was designed. Parenteral vitamin B(12) is a highly promising therapy for homocysteine reduction in end-stage renal disease that merits careful investigation. Clinical trials using it to test the homocysteine hypothesis will avoid the problems inherent in the HOST.
Abstract P5-07-07: Prognostic value of mutant TP53 in basal breast cancer
Authors: JY Park, JE Choi, JH Lee, GT Son, SH Kang, YK Bae, SJ Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Backgrounds; p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that plays an important role in cell cycle control and apoptosis. In the breast cancer, mutant tumor protein (TP53) is expressed in approximately 30% and patients with mutant TP53 often tend to have poor response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis than those with normal TP53. But, according to a recent study, TP53 inactivation could cause to significant DNA damage and to eventual cell death by mitotic catastrophe. We investigated the expression frequency and prognostic value of mutant TP53 using tissue microarrays of 898 invasive breast cancers. Patients and methods; From January 1995 to December 2005 at Yeungnam university hospital, patients who diagnosed with the primary invasive breast cancer and received operation were included in this study. Patients with bilateral breast cancer or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis were excluded. According to the immunohistochemical results of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), Ki67, epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, we classified patients into 6 subgroups, luminal A, luminal B1, B2, HER2-enriched, normal breast-like (triple negative nonbasal) and basal-like breast cancers. Immunohistochemical staining for TP53 was performed and we defined more than 10% stain of tumor cell as mutant TP53-positive. Distribution and prognostic significance of mutant TP53 in each subgroup was investigated. Results; In 898 invasive breast cancers, mutant TP53 was identified in 33.5% (301/898). Each expression frequency of mutant TP53 was 10.9% (42/385) in luminal A, 32.1% (45/140) in luminal B1, 50.0% (34/68) in luminal B2, 63.7% (72/113) in HER2-enriched, 54.7% (35/64) in normal breast-like and 57.0% (73/128) in basal-like subtype, respectively. In whole breast cancer patients, patients with mutant TP53 tended to have poor overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). However, there was no statistical significance (p = 0.187 and p = 0.651). But, in 128 patients with basal-like breast cancer, mutant TP53 showed good prognosis in both OS and DFS (p = 0.003 and p = 0.021). In basal-like breast cancer, the expression of mutant TP53 had no association with other clinicopathologic factors such as tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion etc. and 98.4% (126/128) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. In multivariate anaylsis, expression of mutant TP53 was an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS in basal-like breast cancers (p = 0.008 and p = 0.012). Conclusions: This study showed that basal-like breast cancer with mutant TP53 has a good outcome in both OS and DFS. Further studies are needed to identify the action mechanism of mutant TP53. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-07-07.
A monoclonal antibody to the adherence-promoting leukocyte glycoprotein, CD18, reduces organ injury and improves survival from hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rabbits.
Authors: N B Vedder, R K Winn, C L Rice, E Y Chi, K E Arfors, J M Harlan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Leukocytes have been shown to play an important role in the development of isolated organ injury after experimental ischemia and reperfusion. To examine the role of leukocytes in generalized ischemia-reperfusion injury we used the MAb 60.3 (directed to the human leukocyte adherence glycoprotein, CD18) to block leukocyte adherence functions in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. In control animals subjected to 1 h of shock (mean blood pressure 45 torr and mean cardiac output 30% of baseline) followed by resuscitation, only 29% survived 5 d. All had gross and histologic evidence of injury to lungs, liver, and gastrointestinal mucosa. In contrast, 100% of the MAb 60.3-treated animals survived 5 d (P less than 0.01) and organ injury was absent or markedly attenuated. The control animals also had a persistent acidosis, lost more weight, and had evidence of continued gastrointestinal bleeding in contrast to MAb 60.3-treated animals. We conclude that increased leukocyte adhesiveness plays an important role in the development of multiple organ injury and death after generalized ischemia-reperfusion and that this injury may be significantly reduced by blocking leukocyte adherence functions with the MAb 60.3.
A35: Differential Benefit of Temporomandibular Joint Steroid Injections by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Subtype
Authors: Brandt Groh, Alexis Tashima
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

20–70% of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients have radiographic involvement of temporomandibular joints (TMJs), often reflective of cartilage loss and erosive bony changes. Intra-articular steroid (IAS) injections have been shown by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to reduce TMJ inflammation; however, it is less clear that this therapy provides longer term benefit in terms of preventing or retarding structural changes. Herein, we review the outcomes of our JIA patients treated with IAS for TMJ synovitis.



Methods:

Records of JIA patients treated with IAS for TMJ synovitis between January of 2003 and March of 2013 were reviewed. Determinations of symptomatic relief and duration of relief were made from both subjective and objective portions of notes generated at clinic visits subsequent to an initial IAS procedure. Determinations of radiographic progression were based on structural changes occurring between 1st and 2nd IAS procedures. The IAS used was triamcinolone hexacetonide in doses of 5–20 mg per joint.



Results:

63 patients received IAS at least once for TMJ synovitis, almost all for bilateral disease activity by MRI. Within this cohort, 55% of patients had received g1 injection per TMJ (mean of 2.75 for enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) patients vs. 1.95 for other combined JIA subtypes, p = 0.03). For 25% of patients, the TMJ was their first synovitic joint (58 % of ERA vs. 7.5% of other JIA subtypes, p < 0.001). ERA patients were older at at the time of TMJ diagnosis than the other JIA subtypes (mean age 14.0 vs. 11.5 years respectively, p = 0.003) and more likely to be symptomatic at the TMJ(s) than the other JIA subtypes (79% vs. 48% respectively, p = 0.018). Symptomatic ERA patients had a shorter mean duration of pain relief than the other symptomatic JIA subtypes (107 vs. 363 days respectively, p = 0.001). Second MR studies indicated progressive structural damage in all (32/32) patients re-imaged at intervals of 6N36 months following their initial study. More acute TMJ symptoms and heightened concern for progression in the ERA patients resulted in a shorter mean inter-injection interval of 10.9 vs. 19.9 months in the other JIA subtypes (p = 0.004).



Conclusion:

Of the JIA patients in clinic who have received IAS for TMJ synovitis, those with ERA benefitted the least in terms of pain relief duration and slowing of structural damage. In light of the higher frequency of IAS and the shorter duration of symptomatic relief in ERA patients, it is possible that TMJ synovitis is more aggressive in this subtype, or that a symptom-driven increase in the frequency of IAS therapy has contributed to the rate and extent of structural damage. IAS therapy, in our experience, has not prevented the progression of TMJ damage in any JIA variant.
Effect of dopamine on coronary vascular resistance and myocardial function
Authors: W. G. Nayler, I. Mclnnes, J. Stone, V. Carson, T. E. Lowe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

The effect of dopamine on coronary vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen consumption was investigated. Spontaneously-beating, paced, K+-arrested and fibrillating hearts were used. Dopamine caused either an increase or a decrease in coronary vascular resistance depending upon the dose of dopamine used and whether or not the positive inotropic effect of the drug was allowed to develop. The coronary constrictor effect of dopamine was blocked by phenoxybenzamine but persisted during β-blockade.
Effects on Infants of a First Episode of Genital Herpes during Pregnancy
Authors: Z A Brown, L A Vontver, J Benedetti, C W Critchlow, C J Sells, S Berry, L Corey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Although genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections occurring during pregnancy are known to be associated with neonatal and maternal complications, their frequency and contributing risk factors are not well understood. We prospectively followed 29 patients who acquired genital herpes during pregnancy, to evaluate the perinatal effects of the infection. The patients were classified on the basis of clinical or serologic criteria. Fifteen patients had a primary first episode of genital HSV Type 2 (HSV-2), and 14 had a nonprimary first episode. Although no patient had disseminated disease, 6 of the 15 with primary genital herpes but none of 14 with nonprimary first-episode infection had infants with serious perinatal morbidity (P less than 0.01). Four of the five infants whose mothers acquired primary HSV-2 in the third trimester had perinatal morbidity such as prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, and neonatal infection with HSV-2. Perinatal complications occurred in one of five infants whose mothers acquired primary HSV-2 during the first trimester, as well as in one of five infants whose mothers had primary HSV-2 during the second trimester. Asymptomatic cervical shedding of HSV-2 was detected at 10.6 percent of weekly visits made after a primary first episode, as compared with 0.5 percent of visits after a nonprimary first episode (P less than 0.01). We conclude that infants born to women who acquire primary genital herpes during pregnancy are at high risk of exposure to HSV, either during premature labor at the time of the primary episode or subsequently because of asymptomatic cervical shedding of the virus. The 40 percent incidence of serious perinatal morbidity in such women suggests that studies of preventive measures such as the use of antiviral chemotherapy are warranted.
Interns' Compliance With Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Work-Hour Limits
Authors: Christopher P. Landrigan, Laura K. Barger, Brian E. Cade, Najib T. Ayas, Charles A. Czeisler
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Sleep deprivation is associated with increased risk of serious medical errors and motor vehicle crashes among interns. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) introduced duty-hour standards in 2003 to reduce work hours.To estimate compliance with the ACGME duty-hour standards among interns.National prospective cohort study with monthly Web-based survey assessment of intern work and sleep hours using a validated instrument, conducted preimplementation (July 2002 through May 2003) and postimplementation (July 2003 through May 2004) of ACGME standards. Participants were 4015 of the approximately 37 253 interns in US residency programs in all specialties during this time; they completed 29 477 reports of their work and sleep hours.Overall and monthly rates of compliance with the ACGME standards.Postimplementation, 1068 (83.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 81.4%-85.5%) of 1278 of interns reported work hours in violation of the standards during 1 or more months. Working shifts greater than 30 consecutive hours was reported by 67.4% (95% CI, 64.8%-70.0%). Averaged over 4 weeks, 43.0% (95% CI, 40.3%-45.7%) reported working more than 80 hours weekly, and 43.7% (95% CI, 41.0%-46.5%) reported not having 1 day in 7 off work duties. Violations were reported during 3765 (44.0%; 95% CI, 43.0%-45.1%) of the 8553 intern-months assessed postimplementation (including vacation and ambulatory rotations), and during 2660 (61.5%; 95% CI, 60.0%-62.9%) of 4327 intern-months during which interns worked exclusively in inpatient settings. Postimplementation, 29.0% (95% CI, 28.7%-29.7%) of reported work weeks were more than 80 hours per week, 12.1% (95% CI, 11.8%-12.6%) were 90 or more hours per week, and 3.9% (95% CI, 3.7%-4.2%) were 100 or more hours per week. Comparing preimplementation to postimplementation responses, reported mean work duration decreased 5.8% from 70.7 (95% CI, 70.5-70.9) hours to 66.6 (95% CI, 66.3-66.9) hours per week (P<.001), and reported mean sleep duration increased 6.1% (22 minutes) from 5.91 (95% CI, 5.88-5.94) hours to 6.27 (95% CI, 6.23-6.31) hours per night (P<.001). However, reported mean sleep during extended shifts decreased 4.5%, from 2.69 (95% CI, 2.66-2.73) hours to 2.57 (95% CI, 2.52-2.62) hours (P<.001).In the first year following implementation of the ACGME duty-hour standards, interns commonly reported noncompliance with these requirements.