tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Ann Ouyang
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book tries to cover the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, available diagnostic studies, and therapy for Hirschsprung's disease. This is a complex disorder, and the term has been applied over the years to a number of different diseases, a fact that has become apparent as more sophisticated studies of physiology and morphology have become available. As frequently occurs in multiauthored books, the chapters are unevenly written; this book suffers additionally from considerable repetition and shifting terminology from chapter to chapter. In light of this terminology problem, chapter 4, which covers terminology, should perhaps have been the first chapter. Its purpose is to define the terms, but it is followed near the end of the book by a chapter on "Anal Sphincter Achalasia," which introduces a different classification and reviews the pathophysiology again. In the first chapter on terminology the term "achalasia" is mentioned only briefly in passing. This kind of inconsistency
Abstract 5479: Antitumor effect of KX-01, a novel Src and tubulin inhibitor, in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Seongyeong Kim, Seock-Ah Im, Ahrum Min, Miso Lee, Heymin Jang, Kyung-Hun Lee, Hee-Jun Kim, Tae-Yong Kim, Sae-Won Han, Do-Youn Oh, Tae-You Kim, Young-Kwang Yoon, David Hangauer, Johnson Lau, Yung-Jue Bang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Src kinases have been involved in cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and is one of the highly expressed oncogenes in breast cancer. Therefore, it could be a reasonable target for therapeutic strategy. Although several Src inhibitors, targeting the ATP binding site, were developed, none of them have shown remarkable responses as monotherapeutic agents in breast cancer clinical trials. KX-01 (KX2-391) is a novel peptidomimetic agent, and a non ATP-competitive Src inhibitor, which has potent efficacy for inhibiting both Src as well as tubulin polymerization. Its dual inhibition effects could potentially overcome the limitations of the Src inhibitors that have been evaluated previously. Materials &amp; Methods: We determined the anti-tumor effects of KX-01 on breast cancer cell lines using a cytotoxicity assay, cell cycle analysis, a wound healing assay and western blotting following KX-01 treatment. Results: KX-01 effectively inhibited cell growth in most breast cancer cells including ER/PR/HER2 negative breast cancer cells. Short exposure of KX-01 down-regulated the expression level of Src phosphorylation. Phosphorylated FAK, ERK, AKT and STAT3 were also down-regulated by KX-01 treatment in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and BT-549 cells. By wound healing assay, we confirmed migration inhibitory effect of KX-01 in BT-549 cells. Increase of G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed in dose dependent manner. In addition, mitotic catastrophes were also observed in KX-01 sensitive cell lines. Consistent with induction of mitotic catastrophe, the increased levels of aneuploidy in sensitive cell lines were examined following the treatment of KX-01. Conclusion: Inhibition of cell growth and migration, as well as an induction of mitotic catastrophy, were observed in triple negative breast cancer cell lines treated with KX-01. Our data strongly supports utilizing KX-01 as a new therapeutic agents for treating triple negative breast cancer. Citation Format: Seongyeong Kim, Seock-Ah Im, Ahrum Min, Miso Lee, Heymin Jang, Kyung-Hun Lee, Hee-Jun Kim, Tae-Yong Kim, Sae-Won Han, Do-Youn Oh, Tae-You Kim, Young-Kwang Yoon, David Hangauer, Johnson Lau, Yung-Jue Bang. Antitumor effect of KX-01, a novel Src and tubulin inhibitor, in triple negative breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5479. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5479
THYROID FUNCTION IN NEPHROSIS 1
Authors: Lillian Recant, Douglas S. Riggs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

Since hypometabolism and hypercholesterolemia are common to both hypothyroidism and nephro- sis, it was postulated that thyroid activity was sub- normal in nephrotic patients.However, Epstein found that remarkably large doses of thyroid hor- mone could be given to nephrotic patients without inducing hypermetabolism (1).Such tolerance to thyroid medication is unusual among patients with true hypothyroidism.It has therefore been sug- gested that the hypometabolism and increased se- rum cholesterol in nephrosis are due not to de- creased thyroid function but to other causes, as yet unknown (2).The recent demonstration that the concentra- tion of protein-bound iodine in the serum is re- duced in nephrosis (3) has once more raised the question of whether thyroid function is impaired in this syndrome.The present study is an at- tempt to answer this question. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe subjects for this study were patients in the active phase of the nephrotic syndrome with hypoproteinemia, proteinuria, and edema.All were hospitalized, eight at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, eight at the Presby- terian Hospital, and three at the Massachusetts General Hospital.The sex, age, and type of nephrosis are listed in Table I.The concentration of protein-bound iodine in the serum was determined by the method of Man, Smirnow, Gildea, and Peters (4).In certain patients the same method was used for the determination of protein-bound iodine in urine.The volume of urine used for analysis was so chosen as to contain approximately 0.4 gm. of protein.The urinary protein was precipitated with acid zinc sul- fate and sodium hydroxide, using the same quantities of
TRACHOMA: ITS PROPHYLAXIS AND THERAPY
Authors: W. H. HARRISON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The publicity being given Phylacogen at present, and certain claims which have been made that the administration of Phylacogen is without danger, seem to demand the publication of the following case: H i s t r o y .\ p = m -\ T h e patient was admitted to hospital care, May 26, 1911, with a diagnosis of articular rheumatism.At this time he stated that he had become sick May 13, following exposure to wet and cold.At that time he had pain in his right foot, with tenderness and swelling.Shortly after this his knees and his other foot became involved.He felt hot, and had sweats at times.He had been subject to similar [ i l l ] t t a c k s for eight years, but had had none for the past two years.He denied venereal history, and stated that he had not used alcohol in any form for two or three months, though he had previously been a heavy drinker.Ex a mi n a t i o n .\ p = m-\ At the time of entrance the patient was a powerfully built, well-nourished man, somewhat overweight.He appeared sick and prostrated.Skin warm and moist, no enlarged glands or edema.At this time there were noted a few fine crepitant r\l=a^\les over the bases of the lungs anteriorly.The apex-beat was in the fifth interspace in the nipple line, and there were no murmurs.Liver and spleen were not enlarged.Knees and ankles were slightly swollen, and lender.The urine was acid in reaction, clear, specific gravity 1.020; no albumin, sugar or casts were found.Treatment and Result.\p=m-\FromMay 27 to June 13, the patient was kept in bed on treatment with salicylates, sodium salicylate being used internally and oil of wintergreen locally on the inflamed joints.Dur i ng this time the temperature by mouth was never above 98.6, and the patient's general condition
Identification of 4 new HLA-DR–restricted minor histocompatibility antigens as hematopoietic targets in antitumor immunity
Authors: Anita N. Stumpf, Edith D. van der Meijden, Cornelis A. M. van Bergen, Roel Willemze, J. H. Frederik Falkenburg, Marieke Griffioen
Journal: Blood (2009)
P395 TIM-3 MODULATES TH17 RESPONSIVENESS TO T-REG CONTROL IN AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS AND HEALTH
Authors: C. Lalanne, J. Cardone, R. Liberal, A. Rodeen, C. Grant, S. Ferri, M. Heneghan, G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani, L. Muratori, M.S. Longhi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
The differential response of normal and ischaemic Purkinje fibres to clofilium, d-sotalol and bretylium
Authors: W. B GOUGH, N. EL-SHERIF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Journal Article The differential response of normal and ischaemic Purkinje fibres to clofilium, d-sotalol and bretylium Get access WILLIAM B GOUGH, WILLIAM B GOUGH From the Cardiology Section, Veterans Administration Medical Center and SUNY, Health Sciences Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, USA Address for correspondence and reprints: William B Gough, PhD, Cardiology Section (111), Veterans Administration Medical Center, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, New York 11209, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NABIL EL-SHERIF NABIL EL-SHERIF From the Cardiology Section, Veterans Administration Medical Center and SUNY, Health Sciences Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 23, Issue 6, June 1989, Pages 554–559, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/23.6.554 Published: 01 June 1989 Article history Accepted: 18 January 1989 Published: 01 June 1989
It's Over, Debbie
Authors: Eileen Moran
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —The author of the essay 1 is a brave, caring, and progressive member of his profession. His actions were those of one who values an individual's right of choice—Debbie's choice, my choice, the choices of many who refuse to suffer when hope of recovery is nil.  Physicians are so concerned with saving life that they are overlooking quality of life when the end is imminent. They are willing to withhold treatment at the request of a patient but will ignore a request for a peaceful, painless end. Outdated medical ethics and laws deny humans the final dignity of the humane end we afford our pets.  It galls me that all the naysayers of the medical community who have written to JAMA won't look past their protective veil of medical ethics to address an issue that is so overwhelmingly embraced by laymen. Active voluntary euthanasia certainly would be
Mechanisms and Therapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Massimo Calabresi
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A collection of 76 papers on cardiac arrhythmias, this volume is divided into 11 sections, dealing with the formation of the arrhythmic impulses in general, and of ventricular and of atrioventricular arrhythmias particularly; with identification and treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, and of atrioventricular block; with pertinent pharmacology. Separate subdivisions on the preexcitation syndrome, on metabolic derangements, and on cardiac monitoring, defibrillation and pacemaking are included. Some papers are concerned with clinical problems, some with myocardial energetics and with the hemodynamic effects of the arrhythmias; mostly, however, the general physiology of the myocardium and the pathogenesis of abnormal impulse formation and conduction are analyzed. Some of the presentations are reviews of recent as well as old contributions; some are reports of new research. Obviously, this is not a comprehensive text on the subject, but an anthology, a "collection of flowers," directed to the informed reader rather than to the
Physiology of the Human Kidney
Authors: Cameron G. Strong
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Wesson has written a lucid, detailed, reference textbook which is a worthy successor to Dr. Homer Smith's<i>The Kidney: Structure and Function in Health and Disease</i>. All of the 30 chapters are documented extensively, many with several hundred references and well-chosen review articles. This book is aimed at the advanced student and Dr. Wesson has hit his target. Graduate students, nephrologists, urologists, and trainees in these specialties will find it most helpful. This text may be too detailed to provide medical students with a concise outline of the non-controversial aspects of renal physiology, but for the investigator, or the physician or student seeking depth in renal physiology, this is a superb source of references. Dr. Wesson wrote 28 of the 30 chapters, a remarkable achievement. He presents a comprehensive synthesis of the literature, covering a broad range of topics including renal anatomy, metabolism, hemodynamics, tubular transport, and the renal
Maximal oxygen consumption in patients with lung disease.
Authors: K L Wehr, R L Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

A theoretical model for oxygen transport assuming a series linkage of ventilation, diffusion, oxygen uptake by erythrocytes, cardiac output, and oxygen release was used to calculate expected values for maximal oxygen intake (VO2max) of patients with various pulmonary disorders 22 patients with either restrictive or obstructive ventilatory impairment were studied at rest and maximal exercise. When exercise measurements of maximal pulmonary blood flow (QCmax), oxygen capacity, membrane diffusing capacity for CO, pulmonary capillary blood volume, alveolar ventilation, and mixed venous oxygen saturation were employed as input values, predictions of VO2max from the model correlated closely with measured values (r = 0.978). Measured VO2max was 976+/-389 ml/min (45.3+/-13% of predicted normal), and VO2max predicted from the model was 1,111+/-427 ml/min. The discrepancy may in part reflect uneven matching of alveolar ventilation, pulmonary capillary blood flow, and membrane diffusing capacity for CO within the lung; uniform matching is assumed in the model so that mismatching will impair gas exchange beyond our predictions. Although QCmax was less than predicted in most patients (63.6+/-19.6% of predicted) the model suggests that raising QCmax to normal could have raised VO2max only 11.6+/-8.8% in the face of existent impairment of intrapulmonary gas exchange. Since pulmonary functions measured at rest correlated well with exercise parameters needed in the model to predict VO2max we developed a nomogram for predicting VO2max from resting CO diffusing capacity, the forced one second expired volume, and the resting ratio of dead space to tidal volume. The correlation coefficient between measured and predicted VO2max, by using this nomogram, was 0.942.
Alcohol and congenital heart defects: an experimental study in mice
Authors: W. S WEBSTER, M.-A. GERMAIN, A. LIPSON, D. WALSH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Pregnant mice were exposed to a single dose of alcohol (0.03 ml of 25% alcohol X g-1 mouse) or two doses (2 X 0.015 ml of 25% alcohol X g-1 mouse) 4 h apart, by intraperitoneal injection or by gavage, on days 7, 8, 9 or 10 of gestation. The mice were killed on the day before term and the fetuses examined for heart defects. Alcohol exposure on day 8, 9 or 10 of gestation caused a high incidence of ventricular septal defects (60%, 75% and 15% respectively). Defects of both the membranous and muscular parts of the septum were seen as well as more complex ventricular septal defects involving the great vessels. Day 7 was resistant to the induction of heart defects. This study has demonstrated that a relatively short exposure to high doses of alcohol during pregnancy in mice can cause congenital heart defects. This has important implications both as a possible cause of congenital heart anomalies in humans and for the counselling of mothers of affected children.
Testosterone is non-zero, but what is its strength?
Authors: Victor H. Denenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Mazur &amp; Booth have shown an association between testosterone and dominance behavior, but the strength of the relationship is not given. In addition to being statistically significant, it is also necessary that testosterone account for a meaningful proportion of the variance; a multivariate model is probably necessary. A cautionary tale from the animal literature is related.
Decrease of the Central Type Benzodiazepine Receptor in Cortical Tubers in a Patient With Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: MASAHIRO FUJITA, KAZUO HASHIKAWA, TOSHISABURO NAGAI, RYUHEI KODAKA, TOSHIISA UEHARA, TSUNEHIKO NISHIMURA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

An 18-year-old man with tuberous sclerosis was studied with I-123 Iomazenil SPECT and the findings were compared with those of MRI. In all cortical tubers detected with MRI, I-123 iomazenil binding 180-191 minutes after intravenous administration was decreased significantly. This result indicates that the binding potential of I-123 Iomazenil is decreased in cortical tubers.
A CASE OF TIN POISONING
Authors: MOSES SALZER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Jan. 29, 1917, H. M., a traveling salesman, aged 59, consulted me on account of a feeling of coldness or chilliness and sore throat. He said that he had felt chilly for a week or more. His temperature was 102.5, and his throat was red. His tongue was very much coated. He had a full upper and lower set of false teeth. The physical examination was otherwise negative. I sent him home and told him to go to bed. The following day I called on him. His temperature was still over 102, and both tonsils were covered with white spots. A diagnosis of acute tonsillitis was made at this time. In four days his temperature was normal, his throat had cleared up, and I discharged him as cured. February 21, or three weeks later, he again consulted me, saying that he was not a bit better and that he had
On the Treatment of Acid Mouth
Authors: J. E. RUSH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 December 1928On the Treatment of Acid MouthJ. E. RUSH, M.D., W. W. ZWICK, M.D.J. E. RUSH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. W. ZWICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-6-550 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere are a great many symptoms which become exceedingly distressing to a patient, and though these may never cause death, their alleviation becomes exceedingly important in the eyes of the patient because of the great annoyance occasioned.Among these, perhaps, may be mentioned that rather frequent condition known as acid mouth. "While one swallow does not make a summer," the following case is reported with the realization that to generalize from a single case it not only dangerous but actually unscientific. The result of this case is thought to be of interest because other physicians with a more extensive practice... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. E. RUSH, M.D.; W. W. ZWICK, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Hygiene and Public Health University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1928Volume 2, Issue 6 Page: 550-552 Keywords Mouth ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Typhoid Fever Causing Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Randall W. Strate
Journal: JAMA (1976)

AT THE turn of the 20th century, the treatment of typhoid fever was the major activity of many physicians. Although it is seldom seen in the United States today (approximately 400 cases per year<sup>1</sup>), this disease must be kept in mind as a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. The diagnosis of typhoid fever should especially be considered in visitors or recent immigrants from foreign countries who have a toxic illness. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 17-year-old youth, a recent immigrant from northern Mexico, came to the hospital after passing several clots of bright red blood per rectum. He had had a two-week history of anorexia, weakness, myalgia, arthralgia, night sweats, and recent vomiting. There had been no history of diarrhea. On arrival at the hospital he was acutely ill, with a temperature of 39.7 C; blood pressure, 110/70 mm Hg; pulse rate, 108 beats per minute; and respiration rate,
Gadd45β promotes hepatocyte survival during liver regeneration in mice by modulating JNK signaling
Authors: Salvatore Papa, Francesca Zazzeroni, Yang-Xin Fu, Concetta Bubici, Kellean Alvarez, Kathryn Dean, Peter A. Christiansen, Robert A. Anders, Guido Franzoso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

In the liver, the JNK cascade is induced downstream of TNF receptors (TNFRs) in response to inflammatory, microbial, and toxic challenges. Sustained activation of JNK triggers programmed cell death (PCD), and hepatocyte survival during these challenges requires induction of the NF-κB pathway, which antagonizes this activation by upregulating target genes. Thus, modulation of JNK activity is crucial to the liver response to TNFR-mediated challenge. The basis for this modulation, however, is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of the NF-κB target Gadd45b in the regulation of hepatocyte fate during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. We generated Gadd45b–/– mice and found that they exhibited decreased hepatocyte proliferation and increased PCD during liver regeneration. Notably, JNK activity was markedly increased and sustained in livers of Gadd45b–/– mice compared with control animals after partial hepatectomy. Furthermore, imposition of a Jnk2-null mutation, attenuating JNK activity, completely rescued the regenerative response in Gadd45b–/– mice. Interestingly, Gadd45β ablation did not affect hepatotoxic JNK signaling after a TNFR-mediated immune challenge, suggesting specificity in the inducible hepatic program for JNK restraint activated during distinct TNFR-mediated challenges. These data provide a basis for JNK suppression during liver regeneration and identify Gadd45β as a potential therapeutic target in liver diseases.
Enzyme transfer from pancreas to plasma during acute pancreatitis. The contribution of ascitic fluid and lymphatic drainage of the pancreas.
Authors: A D Mayer, M Airey, J Hodgson, M J McMahon
Journal: Gut (1985)

Acute pancreatitis was induced in anaesthetised dogs in order to investigate the relative contribution of peritoneal ascitic fluid and thoracic duct lymph as routes of transfer of pancreatic enzymes from the inflamed gland to the blood. In eight animals the exudate from the gland was collected in a plastic bag and continuously drained away, and in a further eight it was allowed to accumulate within the peritoneal cavity. The thoracic duct was cannulated and in four of the animals of each group the lymph which drained was discarded; in the other four it was returned via a venous cannula. The initial rise of plasma amylase and lipase was probably because of the direct transfer of enzyme into veins draining the pancreas or peri-pancreatic tissues. Thereafter transfer of enzyme via the thoracic duct significantly influenced plasma concentrations of amylase and lipase. The majority of enzyme released from the gland accumulated within the peritoneal ascitic fluid, but this intraperitoneal accumulation did not appear to have a significant influence upon lymph or plasma concentrations of amylase or lipase.
The other side of the fence
Authors: A. Tinker
Journal: BMJ (1997)

“I'm just going to ask you a few questions,” said the young interviewer in a kindly tone. “What is the name of this town?” My goodness, I thought, any minute now I'm going to be asked to name the prime minister. Panic set in as I realised that part of this was a memory test. Yet these and similar questions are ones which colleagues and I regularly ask researchers to put to other people.

Not many of the people I question on aspects of aging will face such a battery of tests as I did, but it is salutary for once to be on the other side of the fence. I was taking part in the Whitehall Study, which is a longitudinal study begun in 1985 of over 10 000 civil servants and ex-civil servants. Each time we are interviewed we undergo physical and mental tests.

The causes of coronary heart disease was the original emphasis of the research. The study was also designed to shed light on other areas, such as the effects on health of changes at work and how people managed the change from work to retirement. …