tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ARBOVIRUS EXANTHEM FROM SINDBIS AND WEST NILE VIRUSES
Authors: G. H. FINDLAY, D. A. WHITING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. A late summer epidemic of Sindbis infection with exanthem in 1967 is described from Pretoria. Some admixture of West Nile infections occurred at the same time. The history, clinical features, histology, experimental pathology, diagnosis, clinical importance and problems of these arbovirus exanthemata are briefly considered. Arbovirus infections should be considered in future cases of epidemic alopecia areata or epidemic follicular keratosis.
Targeted T-cell Therapy in Stage IV Breast Cancer: A Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Lawrence G. Lum, Archana Thakur, Zaid Al-Kadhimi, Gerald A. Colvin, Francis J. Cummings, Robert D. Legare, Don S. Dizon, Nicola Kouttab, Abby Maizel, William Colaiace, Qin Liu, Ritesh Rathore
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: This study reports a phase I immunotherapy trial in 23 women with metastatic breast cancer consisting of eight infusions of anti-CD3 × anti-HER2 bispecific antibody (HER2Bi) armed anti-CD3–activated T cells (ATC) in combination with low-dose IL-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to determine safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), technical feasibility, T-cell trafficking, immune responses, time to progression, and overall survival (OS). Experimental Design: ATC were expanded from leukapheresis product using IL2 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and armed with HER2Bi. In 3+3 dose escalation design, groups of 3 patients received 5, 10, 20, or 40 × 109 armed ATC (aATC) per infusion. Results: There were no dose-limiting toxicities and the MTD was not defined. It was technically feasible to grow 160 × 109 ATC from a single leukapheresis. aATC persisted in the blood for weeks and trafficked to tumors. Infusions of aATC induced anti-breast cancer responses and increases in immunokines. At 14.5 weeks after enrollment, 13 of 22 (59.1%) evaluable patients had stable disease and 9 of 22 (40.9%) had progressive disease. The median OS was 36.2 months for all patients, 57.4 months for HER2 3+ patients, and 27.4 months for HER2 0–2+ patients. Conclusions: Targeting HER2+ and HER2− tumors with aATC infusions induced antitumor responses, increases in Th1 cytokines, and IL12 serum levels that suggest that aATC infusions vaccinated patients against their own tumors. These results provide a strong rationale for conducting phase II trials. Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2305–14. ©2015 AACR.
The role of water fittings in intensive care rooms as reservoirs for the colonization of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Pascal Cholley, Michelle Thouverez, Nathalie Floret, Xavier Bertrand, Daniel Talon
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

To assess the role of the water environment in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization of patients in intensive care units in the absence of a recognized outbreak.Prospective, single-centre study over an 8-week period in two adult ICUs at a university hospital. Environmental samples were taken from the water fittings of rooms once per week, during a 8-week period. Patients were screened weekly for P. aeruginosa carriage. Environmental and humans isolates were genotyped by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.P. aeruginosa was detected in 193 (86.2%) of the 224 U-bend samples and 10 of the 224 samples taken from the tap (4.5%). Seventeen of the 123 patients admitted were colonized with P. aeruginosa. Only one of the 14 patients we were able to evaluate was colonized by a clone present in the water environment of his room before the patient's first positive sample was obtained.The role of the water environment in the acquisition of P. aeruginosa by intensive care patients remains unclear, but water fittings seem to play a smaller role in non-epidemic situations than expected by many operational hospital hygiene teams.
Trends in Extreme Binge Drinking Among US High School Seniors
Authors: Ralph W. Hingson, Aaron White
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Bone mass measurements: reasons to be cautious
Authors: S M Ott
Journal: BMJ (1994)

colleagues also found that bone mineral density at the hip, where more cortical bone is present, seems more dependent on calcium consumption in youth, but this was less the case for the spine, after adjustment for covariates.Our ancestors had calcium intakes in the range of 2000 mg a day or more,10 whereas our current diets average appreciably less-about 600 mg for adults and not much more for teenage women.With intestinal absorption averaging 30%, the average diet therefore provides only 100-200 mg calcium a day.This is barely enough to maintain calcium balance and clearly insufficient for skeletal accretion during the teenage years.Doctors should remember that calcium will not prevent the bone loss due to other factors-for example, the loss of oestrogen at the menopause-and should advise their patients accordingly.None the less, milk is a bioavailable, relatively inexpensive source of calcium for those who can ingest it.Fortifying foods such as bread and orange juice may also help to increase the calcium intake, as would using calcium supplements for those who cannot otherwise improve their diet.Suggestions for an increase in intake of milk or alternative sources ofcalcium during youth to maximise skeletal potential should not be the subject of controversy.Rather they should be a matter for public health promotion, particularly as calcium intake in the ranges found to be effective bears little or no risk to the consumer and may even afford some protection against several other diseases, such as colonic cancer and hypertension," 12 as well as osteoporosis.
The Appropriateness of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Lucian L. Leape
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To compare the appropriateness of use of coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] surgery in Academic Medical Center Consortium hospitals as judged 1) according to criteria developed by an expert panel, 2) according to revisions of those criteria made by cardiac surgeons from the Academic Medical Center Consortium, and 3) by review of cases by the surgeons responsible for those cases. Design: Retrospective, randomized medical record review. Setting: 12 Academic Medical Center Consortium hospitals. Patients: Random sample of 1156 patients who had had isolated CABG surgery in 1990. Main Outcome Measures: 1] Percentage of patients with indications for which CABG surgery was classified as appropriate, inappropriate, or of uncertain appropriateness and 2) percentage of cases in which CABG surgery was judged inappropriate or uncertain for which ratings changed after local case review. Results: Data were retrieved from medical records by trained abstractors using an explicit data collection instrument. Cases in which CABG surgery was judged to be inappropriate or uncertain were individually reviewed by the responsible surgeons. According to the expert panel ratings, 83% of the CABG operations (95% CI, 81% to 85%) were necessary, 9% (CI, 8% to 10%) were appropriate, 7% (CI, 5% to 8%) were uncertain, and 1.6% (CI, 0.6% to 2.5%) were inappropriate. These rates are almost identical to those found in a previous study that was done in New York State and that used the same criteria (in that study, 91% of operations were classified as necessary or appropriate, 7% were classified as uncertain, and 2.4% were classified as inappropriate). Rates of inappropriate procedures varied from 0% to 5% among the 12 member hospitals (P = 0.02). *For a listing of additional members of the Working Group of the Appropriateness Project of the Academic Medical Center Consortium, see the Appendix.
Report of an International Workshop: Roadmap for Management of Patients Receiving Oral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Emmet B. Keeffe, Stefan Zeuzem, Raymond S. Koff, Douglas T. Dieterich, Rafael Esteban–Mur, Edward J. Gane, Ira M. Jacobson, Seng G. Lim, Nikolai Naoumov, Patrick Marcellin, Teerha Piratvisuth, Fabien Zoulim
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Abstract 5111: Selection vs modification in cancer
Authors: Ivan P. Gorlov, Jinyoung Byun, Olga Gorlova, Christopher Logothetis, Hongya Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumors differ from normal tissues by a distinct pattern of up- and down-regulated genes. A difference in gene expression profiles between normal and tumorous tissues can be (1) a result of the selection of preexisting variation in gene expression or (2) a modification of expression. In the simplest scenario, for genes fitting the selection model (SM genes), one can expect to find bimodal distribution of the expression values in normal tissue with only 1 peak in the tumor tissue. For genes fitting the modification model (MM genes), one can expect significant differences in mean gene expression values, with a similar expected variance in normal and tumorous tissues. Using these criteria and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, we have identified 200 SM genes and 200 MM genes. To identify SM and MM genes, we analyzed the distribution of gene expression values in normal prostate tissue derived from prostate free of any pathologic alterations (NP), normal-appearing prostate tissue adjacent to tumor (NA), primary prostate tumor (PT), and prostate tumor metastasis (MPT). We identified 3 sets of SM genes: (1) bimodal distribution in NP and unimodal in PT, (2) bimodal distribution in NA and unimodal in PT, and (3) bimodal distribution in PT and unimodal in MPT. Similarly, we identified 3 sets of MM genes. We found that SM genes are enriched by actin cytoskeleton genes for all 3 sets of genes: for set 1, P&amp;lt;10E-13; for set 2, P&amp;lt;10E-11; and for set 3, P&amp;lt;10E-2. MM genes were enriched by the genes from cancer-related pathways (P&amp;lt;10E-6) in set 1 and regulation of cell proliferation (P&amp;lt;10E-1) in set 2; no specific enrichment was found in set 3. We have also estimated an overlap between candidate genes for prostate cancer identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and SM genes. GWAS candidates were overrepresented among the first set selection genes (10 vs expected 0.003 ± 0.002) and in the second set of genes (4 vs expected 0.003 ± 0.003), but for the third set of the genes, there was no indication of the enrichment (0 vs expected 0.003±0.002). For the MM genes, there was no indication of GWAS candidate enrichment. Taken together, our results suggest that selection of the preexisting variation in gene expression is important for early stages of carcinogenesis, whereas modification of gene expression is more important for cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5111. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5111
The appearance of T cells bearing self-reactive T cell receptor in the livers of mice injected with bacteria.
Authors: T Abo, T Ohteki, S Seki, N Koyamada, Y Yoshikai, T Masuda, H Rikiishi, K Kumagai
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

We demonstrated in the present study that with bacterial stimulation, an increased number of alpha/beta T cells proliferated in the liver of mice and that even T cells bearing self-reactive T cell receptor (TCR) (or forbidden T cell clones), as estimated by anti-V beta monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with immunofluorescence tests, appeared in the liver and, to some extent, in the periphery. The majority (greater than 80%) of forbidden clones induced had double-negative CD4-8-phenotype. In a syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, these T cells appear to be self-reactive. Such forbidden clones and normal T cells in the liver showed a two-peak pattern of TCR expression, which consisted of alpha/beta TCR dull and bright positive cells, as seen in the thymus. A systematic analysis of TCR staining patterns in the various organs was then carried out. T cells from not only the thymus but also the liver had the two-peak pattern of alpha/beta TCR, whereas all of the other peripheral lymphoid organs had a single-peak pattern of TCR. However, T cells in the liver were not comprised of double-positive CD4+8+ cells, which predominantly reside in the thymus. The present results therefore suggest that T cell proliferation in the liver might reflect a major extrathymic pathway for T cell differentiation and that this hepatic pathway has the ability to produce T cells bearing self-reactive TCR under bacterial stimulation, probably due to the lack of a double-positive stage for negative selection.
The<i>Journal</i>as an Open Forum
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

As most of our readers know, the Journal often publishes articles dealing with social, economic, or ethical issues in medical care. This has been an occasional practice since the Journal was founded, but in recent years such articles have appeared with increasing frequency and have attracted wide attention. Some of them have been largely factual or historical in nature and have been published as Special Articles or Special Reports, but the majority are best described as opinion pieces or analyses and have appeared in our Editorial or Sounding Board sections.This is not to say that our major purpose is . . .
Myocardial Extraction and Production of Catechol Amines
Authors: JOHN H. SIEGEL, JOSEPH P. GILMORE, STANLEY J. SARNOFF
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Stimulation of the cardiac sympathetic efferent nerves is accompanied by a release of catechol amines in coronary blood. This release is a function of stimulation intensity and occurs even when stroke volume and coronary outflow are maintained constant. Comparison between the ethylenediamine and the trihydroxyindole methods for the analysis of plasma catechol amines shows both quantitative and qualitative differences, with only the results with the latter method showing a consistent relationship to the hemodynamic changes observed during cardiac sympathetic stimulation. The acutely synipatheetomized heart extracts catechol amines from coronary blood in the absence of nervous stimulation. The patterns of extraction observed indicate that the quantity of catechol amines in the myocardium can modify the extent of extraction in the unstimulated state as well as the extent of release during stimulation. Continued stimulation of the cardiac sympathetics is accompanied by at least a partial depletion of the myoeardial catechol amine stores. These stores appear to be repleted by circulating catechol amines, since the response to any given intensity of stimulation can be potentiated by a prior norepinephrine infusion. Dichloroisoproterenol prevents neither the myocardial extraction of catechol amines in the unstimulated state nor the release of catechol amines during sympathetic stimulation; it does lessen or abolish the cardiody-namic effects of sympathetic stimulation. Data are presented which indicate that a direct coronary vasoconstriction is one of the consequences of cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation, the vasodilatation usually observed being due, at least in part, to overriding metabolic factors.
Demonstration of Entrance Block into the Atrioventricular Node of Man
Authors: P. JACOB VARGHESE, ANTHONY N. DAMATO, KAREN L. PAULAY, JOHN J. GALLAGHER, SUN H. LAU
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Entrance block of an atrial premature beat (APB) into the atrioventricular node is demonstrated by its lack of effect on the A-V nodal conduction of a subsequent beat which is introduced before the full recovery time of the A-V node. This phenomenon was demonstrated in five patients by using programmed atrial stimulation and His bundle recordings. Entrance block into the A-V node occurred in a narrow range (28-33%) of the basic cycle length and concealed conduction occurred at coupling intervals longer than this range. It appears that entrance block of these early APBs is due to a "functional block" between the atrium and the A-V node. The concept of an entrance block into the A-V node is useful in explaining some forms of the supernormal phase of A-V conduction as well as in the interpretation of complex arrhythmias.
Ethics review in research
Authors: Helen J Minnis
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Hearnshaw and Glasziou and Chalmers have made points I would have made myself had my time not been taken with writing ethics applications.1 2

I am currently coordinating a qualitative investigation into the attitudes of Asian families to child and adolescent mental health problems and services. Because the research involves service users, non-patient members of …
314 The activation of IGF1 system is a requisite for cholangiocyte survival during the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
Authors: D. Alvaro, A. Floreani, P. Onori, A. Franchitto, M.G. Mancino, M. Guido, G. Carpino, A. De Santis, M. Angelico, A.E. Attili, E. Gaudio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Bypassing complement: evolutionary lessons and future implications
Authors: J. P. Atkinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Lectins like mannan-binding protein are part of the innate immune system. They circulate in association with serine proteases. Upon binding oligosaccharides, they activate the complement cascade analogous to the more familiar but evolutionarily more recent classical pathway, which is triggered by antibody binding to antigen. In this issue of the JCI, Selander et al. developed a sensitive and specific ELISA employing Salmonella-specific sugars to assess the activity of the lectin pathway of complement activation (see the related article beginning on page 1425). This more physiologic assay system allowed the investigators to rigorously define the requirements for lectin pathway activation. Furthermore, they uncovered an unsuspected means for this pathway to reach the desired critical step of activation of the opsonin C3. These types of functional assays will eventually replace the more laborious, less physiologic, and less informative approaches currently in use to monitor complement activation.
Fatal Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection With Isolation of Organisms From Lung
Authors: John C. Maisel
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Acute hemolytic anemia associated with cold agglutinins, hypercoagulability of the blood, and multiple organ thromboembolism and infarction caused the death of a 70-year-old woman with atypical pneumonia of three weeks' duration. Central nervous system involvement was present. At autopsy, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was cultured directly from lung tissue and bronchial lymph nodes on artificial medium. Intravascular hemolysis and thrombosis were directly related to infection with M pneumoniae which apparently did not respond to late administration of ordinarily adequate doses of tetracycline and corticosteroids.
Mining Genomic Patterns in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv Using a Web Server Tuber-Gene
Authors: Lavanya Rishishwar, Bhasker Pant, Kumud Pant, Kamal R. Pardasani
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2011)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), causative agent of tuberculosis, is one of the most dreaded diseases of the century. It has long been studied by researchers throughout the world using various wet-lab and dry-lab techniques. In this study, we focus on mining useful patterns at genomic level that can be applied for in silico functional characterization of genes from the MTB complex. The model developed on the basis of the patterns found in this study can correctly identify 99.77% of the input genes from the genome of MTB strain H37Rv. The model was tested against four other MTB strains and the homologue M. bovis to further evaluate its generalization capability. The mean prediction accuracy was 85.76%. It was also observed that the GC content remained fairly constant throughout the genome, implicating the absence of any pathogenicity island transferred from other organisms. This study reveals that dinucleotide composition is an efficient functional class discriminator for MTB complex. To facilitate the application of this model, a web server Tuber-Gene has been developed, which can be freely accessed at http://www.bifmanit.org/tb2/.
Availability of monoglutamyl and polyglutamyl folates in normal subjects and in patients with coeliac sprue.
Authors: C H Halsted, A M Reisenauer, B Shane, T Tamura
Journal: Gut (1978)

Intestinal folate absorption was assessed in six normal subjects and in four patients with coeliac sprue who were studied before and after treatment by dietary gluten exclusion. Comparisons were made of the luminal disappearance from the perfused jejunum of 3H-pteroylmonoglutamate and pteroyl 14C-glutamylhexaglutamate, and of the 48-hour urinary recovery of each isotope after perfusion and a tissue saturating dose of folic acid. The labelled urinary folates consisted of folic acid, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. In each group urinary recovery of 3H was significantly greater than that of 14C, confirming the evidence from jejunal perfusion that the availability of monoglutamyl folate is greater than that of polyglutamyl folate. According to the urinary recovery data, both folates were poorly absorbed in untreated coeliac sprue, but were normally absorbed after treatment. Assuming uniform displacement of the absorbed labelled folates by the parenteral flushing dose, the finding of greater urinary isotope recovery than of luminal folate disappearance from the perfused proximal jejunal segment suggests an adaptation of the distal small bowel for folate absorption in coeliac sprue.
What have we learnt from Vioxx?
Authors: Harlan M Krumholz, Joseph S Ross, Amos H Presler, David S Egilman
Journal: BMJ (2007)

In October UK patients who had cardiovascular events while taking rofecoxib lost the right to fight Merck in the US for compensation. But researchers and journals can still benefit from this case if they learn from the mistakes, write <b>Harlan Krumholz and colleagues</b>
Over-expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines in periprosthetic osteolysis of loosened total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Chen-Ti Wang, Yu-Tsan Lin, Bor-Luen Chiang, Shiou-Shia Lee, Sheng-Mou Hou
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor PCI-32765 thwarts chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell survival and tissue homing in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sabine Ponader, Shih-Shih Chen, Joseph J. Buggy, Kumudha Balakrishnan, Varsha Gandhi, William G. Wierda, Michael J. Keating, Susan O'Brien, Nicholas Chiorazzi, Jan A. Burger
Journal: Blood (2011)