tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure Changes and Chemical Constituents of Particulate Air Pollution: Results from the Healthy Volunteer Natural Relocation (HVNR) Study
Authors: Shaowei Wu, Furong Deng, Jing Huang, Hongyi Wang, Masayuki Shima, Xin Wang, Yu Qin, Chanjuan Zheng, Hongying Wei, Yu Hao, Haibo Lv, Xiuling Lu, Xinbiao Guo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Elevated blood pressure (BP) has been associated with particulate matter (PM) air pollution, but associations with PM chemical constituents are still uncertain.We investigated associations of BP with various chemical constituents of fine PM (PM2.5) during 460 repeated visits among a panel of 39 university students.Resting BP was measured using standardized methods before and after the university students relocated from a suburban campus to an urban campus with different air pollution contents in Beijing, China. Air pollution data were obtained from central monitors close to student residences. We used mixed-effects models to estimate associations of various PM2.5 constituents with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure.An interquartile range increase of 51.2 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with a 1.08-mmHg (95% CI: 0.17, 1.99) increase in SBP and a 0.96-mmHg (95% CI: 0.31, 1.61) increase in DBP on the following day. A subset of PM2.5 constituents, including carbonaceous fractions (organic carbon and elemental carbon), ions (chloride and fluoride), and metals/metalloid elements (nickel, zinc, magnesium, lead, and arsenic), were found to have robust positive associations with different BP variables, though robust negative associations of manganese, chromium, and molybdenum with SBP or DBP also were observed.Our results support relationships between specific PM2.5 constituents and BP. These findings have potential implications for the development of pollution abatement strategies that maximize public health benefits.
Neural Crest Cell Contribution to the Developing Circulatory System
Authors: Maarten Bergwerff, Marlies E. Verberne, Marco C. DeRuiter, Robert E. Poelmann, Adriana C. Gittenberger-de-Groot
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —In this study, the distribution patterns of neural crest (NC) cells (NCCs) in the developing vascular system of the chick were thoroughly studied and examined for a correlation with smooth muscle cell differentiation and vascular morphogenesis. For this purpose, we performed long-term lineage tracing using quail-chick chimera techniques and premigratory NCC infection with a replication-incompetent retrovirus containing the LacZ reporter gene in combination with immunohistochemistry. Results indicate that NCC deposition around endothelial tubes is influenced by anteroposterior positional information from the pharyngeal arterial system. NCCs were shown to be among the first cells to differentiate into primary smooth muscle cells of the arch arteries. At later stages, NCCs eventually differentiated into adventitial fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and nonmuscular cells of the media and intima. NCCs were distributed in the aortic arch and pulmonary arch arteries and in the brachiocephalic and carotid arteries. The coronary and pulmonary arteries and the descending aorta, however, remained devoid of NCCs. A new finding was that the media of part of the anterior cardinal veins was also determined to be NC-derived. NC-derived elastic arteries differed from non-NC elastic vessels in their cellular constitution and elastic fiber organization, and the NC appeared not to be involved in designating a muscular or elastic artery. Boundaries between NC-infested areas and mesodermal vessel structures were mostly very sharp and tended to coincide with marked changes in vascular morphology, with the exception of an intriguing area in the aortic and pulmonary trunks.
IL-13 and TH2 cytokine exposure triggers matrix metalloproteinase 7–mediated Fas ligand cleavage from bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Samuel J. Wadsworth, Ryo Atsuta, J. Oliver McIntyre, Tillie-Louise Hackett, Gurpreet K. Singhera, Delbert R. Dorscheid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
The effect of hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion.
Authors: R A Giammarco, M B Goldstein, M L Halperin, B J Stinebaugh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

This study was designed to determine the effect of acute hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. The blood PCO2 declined and stabilized rapidly when bicarbonate loaded rats were hyperventilated. In contrast, the urine PCO2 declined slowly, resulting in an early increase in the urine minus blood (U-B) PCO2 which could not be obliterated by carbonic anhydrase infusion. Within approximately 50 min, the U-B PCO2 in the hyperventilated and carbonic anhydrase infused rats approached zero. Consequently, equilibrium between collecting duct urine and arterial blood PCO2 was then presumed to exist. This provided the basis for the subsequent studies on a series of rats. The U-B PCO2 decreased from a control of 22+/-1 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) to 11+/-2 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) with hypocapnia, and rose again to its control value when the blood PCO2 returned to prehyperventilation values. This decline in U-B PCO2 with acute hyperventilation could not be attributed to changes in urine flow, phosphate, or bicarbonate excretion, suggesting, therefore, a decrease in distal nephron (probably collecting duct) hydrogen ion secretion with acute hyperventilation. Possible pitfalls in the interpretation of the UB PCO2 are illustrated.
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Synergistic Enhancement of Cancer Treatment by Combinatorial Radio Frequency Thermolysis and Drug Delivery
Authors: Yang Xu, Alokita Karmakar, Wolf E. Heberlein, Thikra Mustafa, Alexandru R. Biris, Alexandru S. Biris
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Few‐layer, carbon‐coated, iron (C/Fe) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized with controlled sizes ranging from 7 to 9 nm. The additional loading of two anti‐cancer drugs, doxorubicin and erlotinib, was achieved through – stacking onto the carbon shells. Controlled release of the drugs was successfully triggered by radio frequency (RF) heating or pH variation. Based on the experimental results, C/Fe MNPs act as heat‐inducing agents and are able to thermally destroy cancer cells when RF is applied. It was found that the combination of anti‐cancer drugs (in particular a low dose of doxorubicin) and RF treatment demonstrates a synergistic effect in inducing cell death in pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that MNPs can be used as highly efficient multimodal nanocarrier agents for an integrated approach to cancer treatment involving triggered delivery of antineoplastic drugs and RF‐induced thermal therapy.
Margarine Consumption and Allergy in Children
Authors: GABRIELE BOLTE, CHRISTIAN FRYE, BERND HOELSCHER, INES MEYER, MATTHIAS WJST, JOACHIM HEINRICH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Dietary fat consumption is hypothesized to influence atopy development by modulation of IgE production. The aim of our study was to assess whether margarine consumption is associated with allergic sensitization and diseases in children. Data of a cross-sectional health survey in 1998–1999 comprising 2,348 children age 5 to 14 yr were analyzed. Information on type of fat used as spread during the past 12 mo, children's health, and sociodemographic factors were gathered by questionnaire. Allergic sensitization to common aeroallergens was assessed by specific serum IgE. Compared with butter consumption, margarine consumption was associated with allergic sensitization (adjusted odds ratio 1.30 [95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.67]) and with rhinitis symptoms during the past 12 mo (1.41 [1.01 to 1.97]). Sex-stratified analysis showed that these associations were limited to boys (boys: sensitization 1.57 [1.12 to 2.20], rhinitis symptoms 1.76 [1.12 to 2.78]; girls: sensitization 0.99 [0.67 to 1.46], rhinitis symptoms 1.03 [0.63 to 1.70]). No statistically significant relation was observed between exclusive margarine consumption and ever physician-diagnosed hay fever or asthma in all children. In conclusion, the sex difference in the association of margarine consumption with allergic sensitization was in accordance with the higher IgE concentrations and atopy prevalence in boys compared with girls. Increased intake of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids might further stimulate IgE production in boys.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN VASCULAR REPAIR
Authors: O. JASON DIXON
Journal: JAMA (1934)

As we arrive in this world an intricate physiologic interruption in the circulation takes place which separates us from the maternal blood stream and places us entirely on our own. The success of this remarkable and most interesting process in the beginning of a new life hinges on a normal physiologic reaction; namely, thrombosis and the rapid healing or closing of an injured blood channel. As we depart from this biologic battle the last physiologic change in our bodies after our heart has ceased to beat is the clotting of blood within our veins. During the interval between these terminal events of life, most of the pathologic changes that take place in the body have either directly or indirectly some bearing on the problem of thrombosis and the subsequent repair of this vascular damage. The healing of all wounds, the constant battle with infections, as well as the development and
Imagination and imitation: Input, acid test, or alchemy?
Authors: C. M. Heyes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Immediate imitation is likely to be a major, direct input to Barresi &amp; Moore's level 2 competence, but deferred imitation is unlikely to play a key role in the transition to level 3, because (1) the attribution of first person knowledge is neither a necessary cause nor an obvious consequence of deferred imitation, and (2) deferred imitation does not correlate phylogenetically with capacities that more plausibly either yield or reflect a concept of intentional agency.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intralesional interferon gamma for the treatment of localized scleroderma
Authors: Nicolas Hunzelmann, Sabine Anders, Gerhard Fierlbeck, Rüdiger Hein, Konrad Herrmalm, Manuela Albrecht, Sabine Bell, Rainer Muche, Jörg Wehner-Caroli, Wilhelm Gaus, Thomas Krieg
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)
Rising number of man's best friends ups human toxocariasis incidence
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

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NOTES ON ADRENALIN AND ADRENALIN CHLORID.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

During the first week of January, a well-known manufacturing house sent me some of the active principle extracted from suprarenal glands, in powder known as adrenalin, and in several solutions varying from 1 to 1000 to 1 to 10,000 of the chlorid of adrenalin in distilled water or in normal salt solution. I experimented with this on numerous cases, and kept careful records until I became satisfied of its activity. In Cases 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. 9, 11, 12 and 17, I applied a very small quantity of a spray of one part of chlorid of adrenalin to 10,000 parts of water to the nasal cavities, with the effect of blanching the mucous membrane quickly, and in most cases of causing contraction of the swollen tissues in the same way that they are contracted by applications of cocain. The first solution that I used was made with distilled water,
Unusual Abdominal Localization of Cat Scratch Disease Mimicking Malignancy on F-18 FDG PET/CT Examination
Authors: Alessio Imperiale, Cyrille Blondet, Dorra Ben-Sellem, Emmanuel Forestier, Mahsa Mohseni, Yves Piemont, Mario Ojeda, Daniel Christmann, André Constantinesco, Yves Hansmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Because of its high diagnostic sensitivity in detection of unknown primary tumors, F-18 FDG PET/CT was used in the exploration of a 51-year-old woman presenting with multiple lymphadenopathy of the hepatic hilum and several hepatic and splenic hypodensities on radiologic examinations for which malignancy was suspected. Despite the morphofunctional malignant appearance, both histologic examination and PCR analysis revealed Bartonella henselae infection. Moreover, repeat F-18 FDG PET showed disease regression during focused antibiotic therapy.
Combined Effect of Exercise and Ambient Temperature on Insulin Absorption and Postprandial Glycemia in Type I Patients
Authors: Tapani Rönnemaa, Veikko A Koivisto
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

We studied the combined effect of cool (10°C) and warm (30°C) ambient temperatures and physical exercise on insulin absorption and postprandial glycemia. Nine type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were injected subcutaneously with their usual morning dose of shortand intermediate-acting human insulin and were given breakfast. Warm temperature was associated with 3- to 5-fold higher insulin absorption (P &amp;lt; .01) and significantly lower blood glucose concentration (P &amp;lt; .001) than cool temperature regardless of exercise. Exercise was associated with 28% (P &amp;lt; .01) and 22% (P &amp;lt; .05) increases in plasma insulin and maximally 5.7 mM (P &amp;lt; .025) and 7.1 mM (P &amp;lt; .01) lower blood glucose at cool and warm temperatures, respectively. Warm temperature and exercise had an additive effect in stimulating insulin absorption and in lowering blood glucose concentrations. However, there was no evidence of synergism between higher temperature and exercise in increasing free-insulin concentrations or decreasing blood glucose concentrations. To avoid postprandial hyperglycemia at cool temperature or hypoglycemia after exercise at warm temperature, appropriate adjustments in diet and insulin dose, or both, should be made.
Hyperactivity in Childhood
Authors: Gabrielle Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

THE findings described by Zametkin and his co-workers in this issue of the Journal 1 represent a clear advance in our understanding of the biologic antecedents of hyperactivity, or attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors studied adults who had been hyperactive since childhood and demonstrated reduced glucose metabolism in various areas of the brain, particularly areas known to be associated with the regulation of attention and motor activity —the key difficulties of the disorder.ADHD is a common disorder among children, with a prevalence between 1 and 5 percent depending on the definition. It begins early in childhood, usually before school . . .
Selenium and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Raymond F. Burk
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  A recent article by Kok et al 1 reports finding lower selenium levels in toenails and erythrocytes of patients with acute myocardial infarction than in those of a matched control group. Other articles have presented similar results in subjects with cancer, 2 although studies with negative results also have been reported.  Selenium serves as an oxidant defense in the body, and selenium levels often are equated with oxidant defense status. Thus, finding lower selenium levels in a group of patients with a particular disease often is taken as evidence that the disease process is related to oxidant stress and that selenium deficiency facilitates its development. Most studies of this type ignore what is known about the nature of tissue selenium.  Dietary selenium can be divided into two types. One type, which includes selenocysteine and inorganic forms of the element, is incorporated only into selenoproteins such as
Traduttore, Traditore-Reply
Authors: Robert W. Putsch
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Caccamise is quite right—interpretation problems are not unique to medicine. For example, in Hawaii lawyers state that problems have arisen because the interpreters are not behaving as a "faithful echo" of the defendent, but rather are presenting the communication they (the interpreters) feel will be most acceptable to the judge. Since no one else in the courtroom can understand both the language of the defendant and English, there is no one to check on the interpreter.<sup>1</sup> The risks are well known in international politics, wherein each side brings its own interpreters and thereby has the advantage of monitoring the other's messages. Dr Caccamise's phrase<i>traduttore, traditore</i>brings out a major issue for monolinguals, a sense that the interpreter will betray intent or meanings and alter purpose. Medical personnel as well as patients blame interpreters for failures, real or perceived. The challenge is to make an ally
Spectral microvolt T‐wave alternans testing has no prognostic value in patients recently hospitalized with decompensated heart failure
Authors: Colette E. Jackson, Rachel C. Myles, Ioannis K. Tsorlalis, Jonathan R. Dalzell, J. Paul Rocchiccioli, John R. Rodgers, Richard J. Spooner, Nicola Greenlaw, Ian Ford, Roy S. Gardner, Stuart M. Cobbe, Mark C. Petrie, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Expression of the hepatitis c virus genome in rat liver after cationic liposome-mediated in vivo gene transfer*1
Authors: T TAKEHARA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The lack of a small animal model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impeded elucidation of the pathogenesis of HCV. The aim of this study was to develop an HCV-expressing animal model by means of cationic liposome-mediated in vivo gene transfer. To examine the feasibility of this strategy, pActLacZ, an expression vector composed of the LacZ gene driven by the beta-actin promoter, complexed with lipofectin, was injected retrogradely into the common bile ducts of adult rats. X-Gal histochemical staining clearly showed that the LacZ gene was expressed in hepatocytes, but not in biliary epithelial cells. Maximal expression was observed at a DNA to lipofectin ratio of 1:4. Based on this observation, pAGS3M091, an expression vector containing the full length of HCV complementary DNA (cDNA) preceded by the beta-actin promoter, was evaluated. Two days after in vivo intrabiliary administration of pAGS3M091 complexed with lipofectin, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of reverse-transcribed liver RNA demonstrated the 5' and 3' portions of HCV transcripts derived from pAGS3M091. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the HCV core protein in a small number of hepatocytes scattered in the hepatic lobules. We conclude that the full-length HCV genome was successfully expressed in adult rat liver by means of cationic liposome-mediated in vivo gene transfer. This model will be useful for determining the immunopathological role of HCV in vivo.
Abstract 5056: Perceptions related to breast cancer prevention and behavioral practices in underserved women participated in a CBPR intervention
Authors: Saleh M. M. Rahman, Cynthia M. Harris, Miaisha Mitchell, Karam F. Soliman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective: To assess perceptions, knowledge, behavioral practices in breast cancer screening among uninsured and underinsured women in Leon and Gadsden Counties in Florida. Methods: Women recruited through Community Outreach and Preventive Services (COPS) Core of a P20 Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Training and Community Service were surveyed as a part of preliminary evaluation (N=107). Results: Participants ranged in age from 25 to 72 years, predominantly 50-59 years old (33%). Among these women 76% reported having a previous mammogram; however, only 21.7% have reported having a mammogram one year ago. Though 83% reported having a Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), about 24% reported having a CBE three years ago. About 66% women had a recent health care visit and about 10% reported health care visit one to two years ago. Perceived Barriers appeared to be significant factor in screening decision making process. Majority women considered not having enough money as a barrier (49%), however, 97% women agreed that no matter how expensive it is they would receive a mammogram if her doctor had ordered them. Women's knowledge about breast cancer and screening mammogram was relatively poor (mean score = 8 /17). Conclusion: Though prevalence of screening mammogram has increased, however, financial barrier is still a significant factor in women's decision making process for screening mammogram. Intervention should target social disparity areas to improve screening utilization in underserved women. Citation Format: Saleh M. M. Rahman, Cynthia M. Harris, Miaisha Mitchell, Karam F. Soliman. Perceptions related to breast cancer prevention and behavioral practices in underserved women participated in a CBPR intervention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5056. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5056