tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Americans are finding it harder to access health care
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Access to medical care has deteriorated sharply among people living in the United States, a survey has found. The proportion of people who report delaying medical care or not getting it at all rose from 14% in 2003 to more than 20% in 2007. Perhaps surprisingly, the decline in access was greater among people with health insurance than among those without it.

The findings are part of the 2007 health tracking household survey, a representative, cross section survey of 18 000 persons interviewed by phone. It was conducted by the Center for Health System Change and released at a news conference in Washington, DC, on 26 June.

Extrapolating from the data suggests that the number of …
Bronchiolitis obliterans: the lone manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: MI Schwarz, DA Lynch, R Tuder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The patient was a 62 year old man, who suddenly developed obstructive lung disease without a readily definable cause. He had a remarkable family history of deforming rheumatoid arthritis, and a serum rheumatoid factor of 1:1,256, but with no evidence of active rheumatological disease. Clinical, physiological and radiologic features suggested bronchiolitis obliterans, and this was confirmed by open lung biopsy. Immune staining of tissue revealed immunoglobulin M (IgM) as well as rare immunoglobulin (IgG) containing plasma cells in a peribronchiolar location. Because of these findings, we suggest that this case represents bronchiolitis obliterans secondary to a rheumatoid process. This case is unusual since it appeared in a man and is the first and, so far, the only manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. Prior studies indicate that the bronchiolitis obliterans of rheumatoid arthritis occurs primarily in women and only in ongoing cases.
Bias Due to Nonresponse in a Mail Survey of Rhode Island Physicians' Smoking Habits -1968
Authors: Alex M. Burgess, John T. Tierney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

ONE of the problems of survey research is the bias that results when the attribute being tested influences the willingness to respond. When this bias is present, the respondent group is not representative of the target population, and results may be misleading.Mail surveys are clearly more subject to this sort of bias than personal interviews, since it is a very simple matter to lay aside a questionnaire, and rather more of a problem to turn away a skilled interviewer.In our surveys we have been particularly concerned with this type of bias, since it brings our results into question . . .
Abstract 3133: In vitro modeling of human pancreatic duct epithelial cell transformation
Authors: Lisa H. Leung, Nikolina Radulovich, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in North America and has an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Over 90% of tumours are ductal carcinoma (PDAC), which putatively arise from the pancreatic ducts. In PDAC, KRAS oncogene activation occurs in approximately 90% of cases, while SMAD4 tumour suppressor gene inactivation occurs in around 55% of cases. We hypothesize that introduction of multiple genetic aberrations into pancreatic epithelial cells derived from normal ducts may provide a dynamic model to study pancreatic duct cell carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: We have isolated another cell line from the H6c7 immortalized near normal pancreatic duct epithelial (HPDE) cell line called TβR. TβR cells were generated by growing the H6c7 cells in progressively increasing concentrations of TGF-β and are resistant to growth inhibition by TGFβ. Overexpression of KRASG12V in TβR gave rise to TβR-KRAS cells. Results: Spectral karyotypic analysis of TβR cells revealed paradiploidy but with the loss of one copy of chromosome 18, on which the Smad4 gene resides. Q-PCR and Western blot confirmed the lost of Smad4 expression in this cell line. TβR cells demonstrated increased invasiveness as compared to the parental H6c7 cell line, and this is further enhanced in TβR-KRAS cells. The TGF-β-Smad4 signaling pathway was disrupted in both the TβR and TβR-KRAS cell lines. This resulted in the loss of responsiveness to TGF-β and the repressed expression of Smad4 responsive genes. The subcutaneous injection of the TβR-KRAS induced in tumor growth in SCID mice. Conclusion: The complete loss of Smad4 expression cooperates with KRASG12V oncogene to induce tumorigenicity in H6c7 cells. This provides a dynamic in vitro model to study the gene expression changes that characterize the key molecular events that occur during pancreatic ductal carcinogenesis. (Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant MOP-49585) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3133.
The challenge of family practice reconsidered
Authors: W. R. Willard
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE AD HOC Committee on Education for Family Practice was established by the American Medical Association Council on Medical Education in September 1964, with representatives named by the Council on Medical Education, the AMA Section on Family/General Practice, the (then) American Academy of General Practice, and the Association of American Medical Colleges. Chaired by William R. Willard, MD, the Committee held 13 two-day meetings during a two-year period before completing its report entitled<i>Meeting the Challenge of Family Practice</i>. The recommendations of the report were approved by the AMA House of Delegates in September 1966. The Committee met again in the fall of 1977, on its own initiative, with the assumption that it might be of interest and value to medical educators, students, residents, and practicing physicians if the original recommendations were reassessed in the light of the rapid developments and present status of the family practice movement. The following
DEFINING THE NORMAL LIMITS OF MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW IN PATIENTS EVALUATED FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE BY MEANS OF [15O] POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY: IMPACT OF GENDER AND RISK PROFILE
Authors: Ibrahim Danad, Pieter G. Raijmakers, Yolande E. Appelman, Hans Harms, Stefan De Haan, Mijntje LP van den Oever, Cornelis van Kuijk, Cornelis P. Allaart, Otto S. Hoekstra, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Mark Lubberink, Albert C. van Rossum, Paul Knaapen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
QUALITY OF LIFE IMPROVEMENTS ARE GREATER IN DESTINATION THERAPY THAN BRIDGE TO TRANSPLANT PATIENTS WITH A CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE
Authors: Juan M. Aranda, Joseph G. Rogers, Keith D. Aronson, Andrew J. Boyle, Stuart D. Russell, Brooks Edwards, Mark J. Zucker, Charles T. Klodell, Kartik S. Sundareswaran, David J. Farrar, Mark S. Slaughter, None HeartMate II Clinical Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia with Neomycin — A Time for Reappraisal
Authors: Paul Samuel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

IN 1958 a serendipitous observation led to the discovery that oral administration of small doses of neomycin reduced the concentration of plasma cholesterol in man.1 Neomycin is a nonabsorbable aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity. Since intramuscular administration of small absorbed amounts (<3 per cent of the oral dose) fails to alter cholesterol levels, the action of the drug appears to depend on its presence within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.2 My colleagues and I have studied the effects of 22 additional antibacterial drugs on plasma cholesterol levels in man; kanamycin, chlortetracycline, paromomycin, chloramphenicol and para-aminosalicylic acid . . .
STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC COURSE OF CONSUMPTION IN WAGE-EARNERS.
Authors: MARSHALL LANGTON PRICE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It has been aptly said, and with some degree of truth, that a well-bred person never insists on facts. The person who forces his facts into the minds of others by the brute force of figures is usually called a statistician and is frequently considered a bore. Like other pests, however, he has his usefulness and, while it may not be the good fortune of the statistician to adorn a tale, it frequently falls to his lot to point a moral, and in medicine the brute force of figures will always be the court of final resort. It is my misfortune to-day to have to offend from both points of view, to insist on facts and to drive them home by figures, but I will feel that I have not offered myself in vain as a sacrifice on the altar of science if I can aid in any way in
Reactive oxygen species act through p38 MAPK to limit the lifespan of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Keisuke Ito, Atsushi Hirao, Fumio Arai, Keiyo Takubo, Sahoko Matsuoka, Kana Miyamoto, Masako Ohmura, Kazuhito Naka, Kentaro Hosokawa, Yasuo Ikeda, Toshio Suda
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
A Cellular Defect in Hereditary Vitamin-D-Dependent Rickets Type II: Defective Nuclear Uptake of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Cultured Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Charles Eil, Uri A. Liberman, John F. Rosen, Stephen J. Marx
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

VITAMIN-D-dependent (or pseudo-vitamin-D-deficient) rickets is characterized by clinical and biochemical features of vitamin-D-deficient rickets and by remission of these features during treatment with supraphysiologic doses of vitamin D or of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D).1 , 2 It is often hereditary, with patterns suggestive of autosomal-recessive transmission. In members of several kindreds who are classified as having vitamin-D-dependent rickets Type I, concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in serum have been low3 , 4; these patients can be treated with doses of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) that are estimated to maintain a normal average serum concentration and turnover of this metabolite.3 Presumably, . . .
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR MEDICO-PHYSICAL RESEARCH—A DISCLAIMER
Authors: A. J. Pacini
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Following is a statement relative to that portion of your article on the association mentioned which relates to me: I was not aware that my name appeared on the program of the American Association for Medico-Physical Research. If this occurred, it was wholly without my consent. I did not appear before the meeting in question. For reasons entirely personal, I cannot at this time disclose the history of my early scientific studies and graduation in medicine. Accordingly I shall discontinue the use of the title. I have not attempted to practice medicine but have devoted myself to researches in electromagnetic energies and their application to the problem of human welfare.
Medical Television
Authors: Wendy Borow
Journal: JAMA (1993)

VISITORS to the New York World's Fair in 1939 saw an intriguing display at the RCA pavilion. On a tiny black-and-white picture tube, the ghostlike image of David Sarnoff, then chairperson of RCA, spoke to the world, predicting a great future for the new medium of television. A quick glance at the headlines of the day provides some indication of the wonder television generated. As<i>Business Week</i>proclaimed, "Curtain Goes Up on Television," and<i>Collier's</i>promised, "Before Your Very Eyes." More wary,<i>Time</i>deemed television "Terrific Witchcraft," while<i>Harper's</i>questioned, "Where Does Television Belong?" Other magazines speculated about its role in education, in the library, in viewing surgical operations, and as a "new aid to recreation." Although television's development was interrupted by World War II, in 1946 the boom began. By 1951, coast-to-coast viewers watched President Harry Truman open the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference in San Francisco, Calif. "Natural color"
Subjects with allergic rhinitis show signs of more severely impaired paranasal sinus functioning during viral colds than nonallergic subjects
Authors: O.‐P. Alho, T. J. Karttunen, R. Karttunen, H. Tuokko, M. Koskela, I. Suramo, M. Uhari
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Viral cold is thought to be the major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of sinusitis, as it causes ostiomeatal obstruction. The aim was to evaluate whether paranasal sinus functioning during viral colds is similar in subjects with and without allergic rhinitis.Forty-eight volunteers were examined during an early (2-4 days) natural cold and again 3 weeks later. The examinations included computed tomography (CT) scans, nasal mucosal biopsies, and viral and bacterial specimens. Subjects with positive skin prick tests and persistent or intermittent rhinitis were considered to have allergic immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated rhinitis. In addition, specific IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were measured.Nine subjects (19%) had allergic rhinitis. The allergic subjects were significantly more often IgE sensitized to SEB than the nonallergic subjects (33%vs 3%, P = 0.02). Viral etiology of the cold was identified in 32 (67%) subjects. The subjects with allergic rhinitis had significantly higher CT scores compared with nonallergic subjects during the colds (median (range) scores 16 (6-22) vs 6 (0-17), P = 0.004). In both groups, the median scores declined markedly during convalescence, but the difference remained significant (P = 0.009). Among the allergic subjects, those who were IgE sensitized to SEB tended to have the highest CT scores [median (range) 16 (16-22)]. Total serum IgE and the nasal subepithelial eosinophil counts correlated with the CT scores during the cold (rs = 0.38, P = 0.008 and rs = 0.46, P = 0.001, respectively).Subjects with allergic IgE-mediated rhinitis had more severe paranasal sinus changes in CT scans than nonallergic subjects during viral colds. These changes indicate impaired sinus functioning and may increase the risk of bacterial sinusitis.
Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 4 Attenuates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Airway Inflammation in a Model of Secondary Allergen Challenge
Authors: ARIHIKO KANEHIRO, TOSHIHIDE IKEMURA, MIKA J. MÄKELÄ, MICHAEL LAHN, ANTHONY JOETHAM, AZZEDDINE DAKHAMA, ERWIN W. GELFAND
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We compared for the first time the therapeutic potential of a specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, rolipram, with anti-VLA-4 and anti-IL-5 in a model of secondary allergen exposure of previously sensitized and challenged mice. To address these issues, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) (primary challenge). Six weeks later, sensitized/challenged mice were reexposed to OVA (secondary challenge) and airway response (resistance [Rl] and dynamic compliance [Cdyn]) to inhaled methacholine was monitored. After secondary OVA challenge, Rl significantly increased as did the number of lung inflammatory cells and IL-4 and IL-5 production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Administration of rolipram, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly prevented both changes in Rl and Cdyn, as well as eosinophil, lymphocyte, and neutrophil accumulation in the BALF; IL-4 and IL-5 levels in BALF were also significantly reduced. In contrast, treatment with anti-VLA-4 and anti-IL-5 only prevented changes in Rl and eosinophil numbers and IL-5 production in BALF. Further, goblet cell hyperplasia was suppressed only by treatment with rolipram. None of the treatments affected OVA-specific antibody levels. These studies confirm that IL-5 dependent eosinophilic inflammation plays an essential role in the development of certain aspects of airway function after rechallenge of sensitized mice and that lymphocytes and neutrophils are also important in the development of altered airway function. The use of agents that inhibit PDE4 may have an important role in the treatment of asthma in previously sensitized mice.
The long-term outcomes of patients with compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and history of parenteral exposure in the united states
Authors: Ke-Qin Hu, Myron J. Tong
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

It is well known that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may progress to cirrhosis and is linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies have shown that compensated HCV-cirrhosis is related to a certain morbidity and mortality in European patients, but little is known in regard to the clinical outcomes of a similar group of patients in the United States. This study investigated this category of patients in terms of the incidence of decompensation, development of HCC, mortality, and the predictive risk factors for morbidity and mortality. The potential effects of interferon (IFN) therapy on outcomes of the disease also were assessed. A total of 112 patients with compensated HCV-cirrhosis and a documented history of either intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) or transfusion were consecutively enrolled. The mean follow-up interval was 4.5 (2-7.7) years. The cumulative probabilities for decompensation and development of HCC were 22.2% and 10.1% in 5 years, with an estimated yearly incidence of 4.4% and 2.0%, respectively. The cumulative survival probability was 82.8% from entry and 51.1% from decompensation in 5 years, with estimated yearly events of mortality and liver transplantation of 3.4% and 9. 8%, respectively. It was found that age at entry and initial exposure, initial levels of albumin, platelet count, and prothrombin time (PT) were predictive risk factors for developing decompensation, whereas age at entry and initial exposure, history of transfusion, lower initial levels of albumin, platelet count, and viral load were predictive risk factors for events of mortality and liver transplantation. The incidence of decompensation was significantly lower in patients treated with IFN, but age may have played a contributory role. In contrast, neither HCC development nor mortality was significantly altered by IFN therapy. In conclusion, our study indicated that patients with compensated HCV-cirrhosis in the United States progressed slowly and experienced eventual morbidity and mortality. Once decompensation develops, the disease will be more progressive and result in even higher mortality. Further studies will be required to determine the efficacy of IFN on clinical outcomes in this group of patients.
Increased factor XIIIa transglutaminase expression indermal dendrocytes after treatment with α-hydroxy acids: Potential physiologic significance
Authors: Thomas D. Griffin, George F. Murphy, Hirohiko Sueki, Brett Telegan, Waine C. Johnson, Chérie M. Ditre, Ruey J. Yu, Eugene J. Van Scott
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)
Sex selection in China sees 117 boys born for every 100 girls
Authors: T. Plafker
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Chinese demographers are warning that the nation's social fabric could unravel under pressure from an increasingly skewed sex ratio in newborns. According to figures published this month in state run Chinese media, 116.86 boys are born for every 100 girls in China. The numbers mark a worsening of a trend that began more than 20 years ago but that officials have only recently begun to face.

Data from the 2000 census showed wide regional differences in the ratio. Normal ratios of between 102 and 106 boys per …
Report Outlines Benefits of Raising Minimum Age to Buy Cigarettes
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Arachidonic acid metabolism by peripheral blood cells in psoriasis
Authors: P.D.L. MAURICE, B.R. ALLEN, S. HEPTINSTALL, PAMELA C. BATHER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The metabolism of arachidonic acid by mixed suspensions of leukocytes and platelets prepared from peripheral blood has been studied in 20 patients with psoriasis and 21 healthy controls. A lipoxygenase‐derived product, identified as 12,20‐dihydroxy‐5,8,10,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid was formed in increased amounts by the cell suspensions from the psoriatic patients. This product results from the metabolism of platelet‐derived 12‐hydroxy‐5,8,10,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid by the polymorphonuclear leukocyte 20‐hydroxylase enzyme. By contrast, synthesis of the cyclo‐oxygenase products 12‐hydroxy‐5,8,10‐heptadecatrienoic acid and thromboxane B2 was diminished. Benoxaprofen, which is known to be beneficial in psoriasis, diminished the levels of 12,20‐dihydroxy‐5,8,10,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid formed in vitro.
Cefotaxime Compared with Nafcillin Plus Tobramycin for Serious Bacterial Infections
Authors: CRAIG R. SMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared cefotaxime with nafcillin plus tobramycin in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. Of 195 patients with suspected or proven infections who were not neutropenic, definite bacterial infections were identified in 81; 34 of 38 patients given cefotaxime and 26 of 43 given nafcillin plus tobramycin (p < 0.01) responded to treatment. The difference in response rates occurred primarily in patients with rapidly fatal underlying disease or with an infection outside the urinary tract. A logistic regression analysis showed that treatment with cefotaxime was still associated with a higher response rate after adjusting for several potential confounding factors. Among patients treated for 3 days or more, our criteria for nephrotoxicity were met in 2 of 68 (2.9%) given cefotaxime and 16 of 57 (28.1%) given nafcillin plus tobramycin (p < 0.001). Prolongation of the prothrombin time and enterococcal colonization did not occur more frequently with cefotaxime. We conclude that cefotaxime may be more effective and less toxic than nafcillin plus tobramycin for patients with serious bacterial infections.
Richard Melville Malins
Authors: T. Wadsworth
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Bewdley, Worcestershire (b Stourport-on-Severn 1944; q Birmingham 1968), d 31 July 2002.

After house jobs he went to work in Zululand, where his views on apartheid became an embarrassment to the authorities and he had to make a hurried departure. He returned to England and then went first to Colorado to work among poor immigrant Mexicans and then to Jamaica, before settling in general practice in Bewdley in 1976. He was outspoken against injustice. He played the flute, sang in the choir, and was a strong cyclist and walker. At about the age of 50 it became clear that something was wrong and he was found to have a degenerative brain disease. He leaves a wife, Barbara, and three children.