tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular determinants of acute inflammatory responses to biomaterials.
Authors: L Tang, T P Ugarova, E F Plow, J W Eaton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The frequent inflammatory responses to implanted medical devices are puzzling in view of the inert and nontoxic nature of most biomaterials. Because implant surfaces spontaneously adsorb host proteins, this proteinaceous film is probably important in the subsequent attraction of phagocytes. In fact, earlier we found that acute inflammatory responses to experimental polyethylene terephthalate implants in mice require the precedent adsorption of one particular host protein, fibrinogen. The present investigations were aimed at defining the molecular determinants of fibrinogen-mediated acute inflammatory responses to implanted biomaterials. We find: (a) plasmin degradation of purified fibrinogen into defined domains reveals that the proinflammatory activity resides within the D fragment, which contains neither the fibrin cross-linking sites nor RGD sequences; (b) the major (and, perhaps, exclusive) proinflammatory sequence appears to be fibrinogen gamma 190-202, previously shown to interact with CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1). The chemically synthesized peptide, cross-linked to albumin (which itself does not promote inflammatory responses), mimics the proinflammatory effect of adsorbed native fibrinogen; and (c) this sequence probably promotes inflammatory responses through interactions with Mac-1 because phagocyte accumulation on experimental implants is almost completely abrogated by administration of recombinant neutrophil inhibitory factor (which blocks CD11b-fibrin(ogen) interaction). We conclude that improved knowledge of such surface-protein-phagocyte interactions may permit the future development of more biocompatible implantable materials.
?Hope? for the liver? Mechanistic insight into the role of the renin-angiotensin system in hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Gavin E. Arteel
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Angiotensin II (AngII) is a pro-oxidant and fibrogenic cytokine. We investigated the role of NADPH oxidase in AngII-induced effects in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a fibrogenic cell type. Human HSCs express mRNAs of key components of nonphagocytic NADPH oxidase. AngII phosphorylated p47 phox , a regulatory subunit of NADPH oxidase, and induced reactive oxygen species formation via NADPH oxidase activity. AngII phosphorylated AKT and MAPKs and increased AP-1 DNA binding in a redox-sensitive manner. AngII stimulated DNA synthesis, cell migration, procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA expression, and secretion of TGF-beta1 and inflammatory cytokines. These effects were attenuated by N -acetylcysteine and diphenylene iodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Moreover, AngII induced upregulation of genes potentially involved in hepatic wound-healing response in a redox-sensitive manner, as assessed by microarray analysis. HSCs isolated from p47 phox−/− mice displayed a blunted response to AngII compared with WT cells. We also assessed the role of NADPH oxidase in experimental liver fibrosis. After bile duct ligation, p47 phox−/− mice showed attenuated liver injury and fibrosis compared with WT counterparts. Moreover, expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin and expression of TGF-beta1 were reduced in p47 phox−/− mice. Thus, NADPH oxidase mediates the actions of AngII on HSCs and plays a critical role in liver fibrogenesis.
Decreasing Antibiotic Use in Ambulatory Practice
Authors: Ralph Gonzales
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextThe emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in US communities is due, in part, to the excessive use of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections.ObjectiveTo decrease total antibiotic use for uncomplicated acute bronchitis in adults.DesignProspective, nonrandomized controlled trial, including baseline (November 1996-February 1997) and study (November 1997-February 1998) periods.SettingFour selected primary care practices belonging to a group-model health maintenance organization in the Denver, Colo, metropolitan area.ParticipantsConsecutive adults diagnosed as having uncomplicated acute bronchitis. A total of 2462 adults were included at baseline and 2027 adults were included in the study. Clinicians included 56 physicians, 28 physician assistants or nurse practitioners, and 9 registered nurses.InterventionThe full intervention site received household and office-based patient educational materials, as well as a clinician intervention consisting of education, practice-profiling, and academic detailing. A limited intervention site received only office-based educational materials, and control sites provided usual care.Main Outcome MeasureAntibiotic prescriptions for uncomplicated acute bronchitis during baseline and study periods.ResultsAntibiotic prescription rates for uncomplicated acute bronchitis were similar at all 4 sites during the baseline period. During the study period, there was a substantial decline in antibiotic prescription rates at the full intervention site (from 74% to 48% [P=.003]), but not at the control and limited intervention sites (78% to 76% [P=.81] and 82% to 77% [P=.68], respectively). Compared with control sites, changes in nonantibiotic prescriptions (inhaled bronchodilators, cough suppressants, and analgesics) were not significantly different for intervention sites. Return office visits (within 30 days of the incident visit) for bronchitis or pneumonia did not change significantly for any of the sites.ConclusionsAntibiotic treatment of adults diagnosed as having uncomplicated acute bronchitis can be safely reduced using a combination of patient and clinician interventions.
Light induced cytosolic drug delivery from liposomes with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Tatu Lajunen, Lauri Viitala, Leena-Stiina Kontturi, Timo Laaksonen, Huamin Liang, Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen, Tapani Viitala, Xavier Le Guével, Marjo Yliperttula, Lasse Murtomäki, Arto Urtti
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Treatment of Thorium Dioxide Granulomas of the Neck
Authors: B. S. Levowitz, R. E. Hughes, T. C. Alford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

COLLOIDAL thorium dioxide in dextran (Thorotrast) was formerly used as a radiographce contrast medium in a variety of diagnostic procedures. The compound contained radioactive thorium, a potent alpha emitter with a long half-life (1.4 X 1010 years). Intravascular, intracavitary and interstitial instillations, which were either retained by the reticul-endothelial system or not locally recovered, imparted perpetual opacification and radioactivity to the region under study.1 By virtue of the negligible rate of elimination of the thorium deposits, surrounding structures were subjected to a continuous exposure of injurious ionizing radiation.2 Of greatest concern have been the number of cancers induced by thorium . . .
Countering Cardiac Counterpulsation-Reply
Authors: Michael B. Kesselbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank the correspondents for their interest in our work, which demonstrated improved survival with the addition of IAC to otherwise standard CPR.<sup>1</sup>Drs Gregory and Tucker raise concern regarding our resuscitation and discharge rate for the standard CPR group. We would like to point out, however, that in our study, 61% of patients in the standard CPR group presented with asystole or electromechanical dissociation. Although Bedell et al<sup>2</sup>reported a discharge rate of 14% after in-hospital cardiac arrest, 33% of patients in that study had ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation as an initial mechanism of arrest, and 27% of patients experienced primary respiratory arrest only. In the study by George et al,<sup>3</sup>to which Dr Gregory refers, the overall discharge rate was 34%, but no patient with electromechanical dissociation and only 12.5% of patients with asystole survived to hospital discharge. Differences in these cardiac-arrest variables make direct
What Is Value in Health Care?
Authors: Michael E. Porter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

In any field, improving performance and accountability depends on having a shared goal that unites the interests and activities of all stakeholders. In health care, however, stakeholders have myriad, often conflicting goals, including access to services, profitability, high quality, cost containment, safety, convenience, patient-centeredness, and satisfaction. Lack of clarity about goals has led to divergent approaches, gaming of the system, and slow progress in performance improvement.Achieving high value for patients must become the overarching goal of health care delivery, with value defined as the health outcomes achieved per dollar spent.1 This goal is what matters for patients and unites . . .
Nocturnal growth hormone and gonadotrophin secretion in growth retarded children with Crohn's disease.
Authors: M J Farthing, C A Campbell, J Walker-Smith, C R Edwards, L H Rees, A M Dawson
Journal: Gut (1981)

Although impaired growth hormone secretion in response to pharmacological stimuli occurs in some growth retarded children with Crohn's disease, its relationship to past and future th is uncertain. We have therefore determined the growth hormone and gonadotrophin response to the physiological stimulus of sleep by continuous venous sampling in five severely gonadotrophin profiles, the mean plasma hormone concentrations during the first five hours of sleep were determined. In three of the five patients, five hour mean growth hormone levels were reduced (3.8, 5.0, and 8.5 mU/l) compared with levels reported previously in normal short children (10-43 mU/l), although the pulsatile pattern of growth hormone secretion was preserved in all. Nocturnal growth hormone secretion was unrelated to the growth velocities of these children during both pre- and post-treatment assessment periods but a significant correlation was found between growth hormone concentration and a disease activity score (r = 0.79, P less than 0.05), suggesting that growth hormone release by the pituitary was influenced by the severity of the disease. Nocturnal growth hormone secretion was also correlated with gonadotrophin secretion (luteinising hormones, r = 0.99, and follicle stimulating hormone, r = 0.96; p less than 0.01) indicating more extensive hypothalamic-pituitary disturbance. These findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary function is depressed in growth retarded children with Crohn's disease, but that abnormalities of growth hormone secretion are unlikely to be directly involved in the growth retardation seen in this condition.
Myotrophin in human cardiomyopathic heart.
Authors: P Sil, K Misono, S Sen
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Earlier, myotrophin, a factor, has been isolated, purified, and partially sequenced from spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts that stimulated myocyte growth. To evaluate the role of myotrophin in the initiation of the human dilated cardiomyopathic heart, we have isolated and purified myotrophin to homogeneity (approximately 50,000-fold) as defined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). During purification, we used a bioassay system in which adult myocardial cells maintained in culture were used to evaluate protein synthesis by the incorporation of [3H]leucine into myocyte protein. Myotrophin purified from human dilated cardiomyopathic hearts is composed of a single polypeptide chain having an apparent molecular mass of 12 kD, determined by SDS-PAGE. The partial internal amino acid sequence of human myotrophin is very similar to that of rat myotrophin peptide T9. Using a rat myotrophin peptide (T26) antibody, we identified human myotrophin on an immunoblot. These results showed that human myotrophin possesses the T9 and T26 regions of rat myotrophin. Human myotrophin stimulated myocardial protein synthesis and cell growth, similar to the way in which rat myotrophin stimulated these factors. Western blot analysis showed the presence of myotrophin in both dilated cardiomyopathic and normal human hearts. In addition, we observed significantly elevated levels of myotrophin in dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts when compared with age- and sex-matched normal control hearts. From these observations, we conclude that myotrophin is present in normal human hearts, is found at higher levels in dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts, and may play a role in the initiation of cardiac hypertrophy as well as in normal growth of cardiac myocytes in humans.
Use of Lipid-Lowering Medications at Discharge in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gregg C. Fonarow, William J. French, Lori S. Parsons, Haili Sun, Judith A. Malmgren
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The present study aimed to assess use of lipid-lowering medication at discharge in a current national sample of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction and to evaluate factors associated with prescribing patterns.Demographic, procedural, and discharge medication data were collected from 138 001 patients with acute myocardial infarction discharged from 1470 US hospitals participating in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 3 from July 1998 to June 1999. Lipid-lowering medications were part of the discharge regimen in 31. 7%. Among patients with prior history of CAD, revascularization, or diabetes, less than one half of the patients were discharged on treatment. In multivariate analysis, factors independently related to lipid-lowering use included history of hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio [OR] 4.93; 95% CI 4.79 to 5.07), cardiac catheterization during hospitalization (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.34), care provided at a teaching hospital, (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.32), use of ss-blocker (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.39 to 1.48), and smoking cessation counseling (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.44 to 1.59). Lipid-lowering medications were given less often to patients who were older (65 to 74 versus <55 years of age; OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.86), those with a history of hypertension (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.95), and those undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.60).Analysis of current practice patterns for the use of lipid-lowering medications in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction reveals that a significant proportion of high-risk patients did not receive treatment at time of discharge.
Crisis in rheumatology manpower
Authors: A. Yates
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Crisis in rheumatology manpower SIR,-As the five doctors undertaking higher medical training in rheumatology in the West Midlands (three National Health Service senior registrars and two university lecturers) we too are concerned at the current manpower crisis in rheumatology (19 February, p 586).This is not a national so much as a local problem, however, with a surfeit of senior registrars in certain regions.The disparity in the posts is illustrated in the table.
Elution of everolimus and sirolimus from a biodegradable polymer coated stent inhibits neointimal hyperplasia without inflammation or toxicity
Authors: Saibal Kar, Taku Honda, Dougal Mcclean, Kaname Takizawa, Michael Fishbein, Hidehiko Honda, John Shulze, Neal Eigler, Frank Litvack
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Endothelial endoglin is involved in inflammation: role in leukocyte adhesion and transmigration
Authors: Elisa Rossi, Francisco Sanz-Rodriguez, Nelida Eleno, Annette Düwell, Francisco J. Blanco, Carmen Langa, Luisa M. Botella, Carlos Cabañas, José M. Lopez-Novoa, Carmelo Bernabeu
Journal: Blood (2012)
PSYCHOSES AND ALLIED STATES OCCURRING SUBSEQUENT TO THYROIDECTOMY
Authors: MERLE Q. HOWARD, LLOYD H. ZIEGLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

1. The histories of 70 thyroidectomized patients admitted to the Milwaukee Sanitarium in 16¼ years were studied. Clinical data regarding age, sex, residence, occupation, facts before and after thyroidectomy, including Sanitarium residence, are presented. 2. Their psychiatric disorders were chiefly of a functional nature (depression, elation, neurotic) in contrast to psychoses (delirious, exhaustive) usually seen in acute hyperthyroidism. 3. The evidence for acute postoperative delirious or exhaustion states was very slight in the group. 4. There were no cases of myxedema diagnosed by a consulting internist who examined all patients. 5. The prevalence of recurring attacks of psychiatric disorder before and after thyroidectomy makes the coincidence of toxic goiter and such states open to question. It is very probable that in some patients a psychiatric disorder was interpreted as the manifestations of toxic goiter. 6. It seems probable that thyroidectomy has been employed to treat recurring psychiatric disorders and with success because of its shock inducing effect. 7. Toxic goiter has been seen to develop in the course of a profound psychosis of a chronic nature and thyroidectomy was without effect on the psychosis. 8. Whether toxic goiter predisposes to degeneration of the nervous system, or to a deterioration in the functions of a person, is not known. Earlier senility and arteriosclerosis have been suspected. 9. In the study of these patients there seemed to be no positive evidence that emotional states cause hyperthyroidism. 10. The history of a patient who became psychotic and suicidal on the eve of thyroidectomy is presented with differential diagnosis. The patient recovered with electro-shock and psychotherapy during the course of which his supposedly elevated metabolic rate returned to normal.
Bladder cancer in women
Authors: B. D. Nicholson, J. S. McGrath, W. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 76 year old woman reports recurrent urinary frequency, dysuria, and malodorous urine. No bacterial growth has been identified on two midstream urine samples, though empirical treatment with antibiotics has improved her symptoms. After three months, an episode of visible haematuria prompts referral and a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is diagnosed.

In developed countries 90% of bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas; squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) make up most of the remainder.1 2 In endemic areas, squamous cell carcinoma related to schistosomiasis accounts for 70% of cases.1 Around 20% are muscle invasive at diagnosis and are associated with a significantly poorer prognosis.3 The major risk factor is smoking, though chronic infection, radiotherapy, and (before regulation) industrial dyes have been implicated.2 4

#### How common is bladder cancer in women?

Although bladder cancer is more common in men, women experience more delays: the English National Audit of Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (2009-10) estimated that annually 435 more women than men with bladder cancer experience a delay in diagnosis, but there are few data from UK primary care to explain this.6 With no effective screening tool for bladder cancer, it is usually diagnosed symptomatically, with haematuria being the most common presenting symptom for both sexes in primary care (likelihood ratio 59, 95% confidence interval 51 to 57).3 7 The likelihood ratio summarises how many times more (or less) likely …
Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Keyoumars Soltani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 May 2002Skin Disease: Diagnosis and TreatmentKeyoumars Soltani, MDKeyoumars Soltani, MDSection of Dermatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-9-200205070-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Habif TP, Campbell JL Jr., Quitadamo MJ, Zug KA. 557 pages. St. Louis, MO: Mosby–Year Book; 2001. $49.00. ISBN 0815137621. Order phone 800-426-4545.Field of medicine: Clinical dermatology and general medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Dermatologists, primary care physicians, and internists, as well as medical students and residents, treating patients with skin problems.Purpose: To provide a quick reference for physicians who encounter common dermatologic diseases in the office.Content: The authors provide a quick guidebook for common dermatologic problems encountered in any general medical practice. They do not cover uncommon and rare disorders. The book starts with a brief ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Section of Dermatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 May 2002Volume 136, Issue 9Page: 712KeywordsDermatologyForecastingLesionsMelanomaPrimary care physiciansSkin diseasesSkin infectionsSoftware tools ePublished: 7 May 2002 Issue Published: 7 May 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Medical Article Revised
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

"If we could only communicate better," so courses our anxiety — if we only could — then wars might cease, personal conflicts might subside, and medical journals might be more useful to physicians. Just what constitutes "better communication" in medical journals is variably defined, but most editors of standard journals of this type will agree in identifying one specific problem: how to present the super-specialized and ultra-technical medical information of today in language that is both readable and broadly comprehensible. For the general medical journal, this problem is particularly acute.Earlier this year, the Journal made an attempt to come . . .
Specific Glucose Oxidase Test
Authors: Hans G. Keitel
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have noted the increasing use of the specific glucose oxidase method for determining the presence of glucose in urine samples sent for routine examination. The conventional screening test (Clinitest or Benedict's test) for ascertaining the presence of reducing substances in urine is important for detecting the presence not only of glucose but also of other chemicals, including galactose, other carbohydrates, amino acids, etc. While we embrace the availability of the glucose oxidase method as an advance, it is a step backward if it is used as the only test for ascertaining the presence of reducing substances. A screening test which indicates the presence of a reducing substance should be performed first, and then, if a reducing substance is present, tests to identify the substance(s) should immediately be performed on the same urine. It behooves the directors of clinical laboratories to make sure that the pendulum has
Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Dale W. Oller
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Drs Fields and Lemak (235:2734, 1976) raises a number of concerns regarding carotid artery occlusion. First, we are concerned that many physicians may now feel from their interpretation that angiography and surgery play<i>no</i>role in the evaluation and treatment of the symptomatic patient with an occluded carotid artery. Second, the availability of noninvasive modalities for the accurate diagnosis of carotid occlusion, such as the ocular pneumoplethysmograph (OPG),<sup>1</sup>was omitted but needs to be underscored. Appropriate OPG evaluation will demonstrate occlusion or possible high-grade stenosis on the side of the neurological event. A documentation then could lead to further evaluation (angiography) and surgical therapy as indicated. Third, Dr Fields has established a creditable reputation as an authority in his field. This study is a tribute to his ability to collect data. However, the evaluation of past experience in angiography and surgery in the