tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polycythemia: Mechanisms and Management
Authors: DAVID W. GOLDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

The principal function of erythrocytes is the transport of oxygen. Erythropoiesis proceeds at a rate consistent with the demand for oxygen-carrying capacity, and the major regulator of erythrocyte production is erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is produced primarily by the kidney under control of a tissue oxygenation sensor. The recently developed erythropoietin radioimmunoassay should provide a clinically useful tool. Erythrocytosis is a pathologic state characterized by an elevated erythrocyte mass, which may result from increased proliferation of erythroid progenitors due to an intrinsic cellular defect or in response to extrinsic signals. Secondary erythrocytosis results from either physiologically appropriate compensation for inadequate tissue oxygenation or from inappropriate stimulation of erythropoiesis. Erythrocytosis increases oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, but at high hematocrit levels increased blood viscosity may result in decreased tissue oxygen delivery. Polycythemia vera is a hematopoietic stem cell disease of clonal origin. Initial results from the Polycythemia Rubra Study Group suggest that therapy with chlorambucil is associated with an unacceptably high risk for development of actue leukemia, and 32P is preferred for situations in which phlebotomy alone is insufficient.
Abstract 5258: PTEN levels are controlled by a nuclear transport receptor in lung cancer.
Authors: Muhan Chen, Tali M. Herzka, Martha E. Zeeman, Kendra S. Plafker, Matthias Minderer, Mireia Castillo-Martin, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Scott M. Plafker, Lloyd C. Trotman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The maintenance of PTEN protein levels is critical for tumor suppression. Yet, the ubiquitination system has been shown to affect PTEN levels both adversely through degradation, as well as positively through nuclear import, and it has remained unclear how these two processes are integrated to prevent cancer. Here we show, that a nuclear import receptor is at the heart of a failsafe system that maintains PTEN levels by mediating its nuclear transport. Loss of import receptor function not only leads to cytoplasmic PTEN accumulation but also prompts PTEN degradation through a novel component of the PTEN ubiquitination system. By testing the consequences of importin loss in vivo, we found that hypomorphic mice developed lung adenocarcinoma, which presented with aberrant cytoplasmic PTEN localization and degradation, as predicted by our in vitro findings. Since the corresponding human locus suffers frequent deletion as well as inactivating mutations in lung cancer, we propose that this import receptor is a novel tumor suppressor that antagonizes PI 3-Kinase signaling in settings with at least one intact PTEN gene. Citation Format: Muhan Chen, Tali M. Herzka, Martha E. Zeeman, Kendra S. Plafker, Matthias Minderer, Mireia Castillo-Martin, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Scott M. Plafker, Lloyd C. Trotman. PTEN levels are controlled by a nuclear transport receptor in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5258. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5258
Perinatal Mortality in Developing Countries
Authors: Jelka Zupan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Each year, 10.7 million children under the age of five years die — 4 million during the first four weeks of life. Another 3.3 million are stillborn. Dr. Jelka Zupan discusses perinatal mortality in the less developed countries, which account for 98 percent of reported neonatal deaths and 97 percent of reported stillbirths.
PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE TRAUMATIC NEUROSES.
Authors: WHARTON SINKLER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The most serious problem which arises in connection with disorders of the nervous system, following railroad or other accidents, is what the outcome will be. The first question asked of a physician when called in to examine a case of traumatic neurosis, either by the patient himself or the corporation by whom he is called, is, whether the patient will recover, and if so, in how long a time. The prognosis in the traumatic neuroses depends upon a number of circumstancess and conditions, and first of all we must determine what is meant by the "traumatic neuroses." Different writers on this subject seem to have views somewhat at variance. Some —for example, Oppenheim and Strümpel—consider the traumatic neuroses as a separate class of nervous diseases, making a distinction between them and traumatic neurasthenia and traumatic hysteria. At the present day, however, it is generally considered that the traumatic neuroses include
Recurrent "Pericardial Pain" after Pericardiectomy for Recurrent Acute Benign Pericarditis
Authors: BEN GOLDFARB, DAVID GOLD, ELLIOT LATTS, HAROLD WEXLER, YANG WANG
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Two cases-of recurrent acute benign pericarditis are presented. Both were characterized by recurrent "pericardial type" pain after nearly total pericardiectomy, a previously unreported occurrence. A plausible explanation for this paradox is presented.
Rubella infection in adult onset Still's disease
Authors: F. J. ESCUDERO
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

How should we manage fibromyalgia?We read with interest your leader, "How should we manage fibromyalgia?". 1 We were puzzled by Paul Reilly's statement that a comprehensive pain management programme...has the best chances of success, although even rheumatologists can practise amateur cognitive behavioural therapy in the clinic".Is Dr Reilly really suggesting that a rheumatologist's amateur eVorts oVer the best outcome for people with fibromyalgia?Dr Reilly oVers no evidence to support this statement.He does, however, find evidence to raise questions as to the value of patient self help groups.Dr Reilly cites a 1992 paper that reports an association between membership of such a group and worse prognosis in chronic fatigue syndrome. 2As the authors emphasised the caution with which the results should be interpreted, it is surprising that Dr Reilly has used this evidence to inform his clinical practice.Firstly, this is ancient research.Things have moved on.Although we would agree that some so called self help groups can end up as a circular review of symptoms, self management courses, which we at Arthritis Care espouse, are a very diVerent matter.Challenging Arthritis is a self management programme-and that title was chosen very deliberately.It is run by people with arthritis for people with arthritis.It gives people the skills to take control of their lives and their arthritis.It is practical and positive, and it works.The eVectiveness of similar programmes in the USA is well recorded. 3 Experience in the United Kingdom shows similar results, including better understanding of symptoms, improved communication with medical staV, and increased use of exercise and relaxation techniques.Probably most importantly of all, self management programmes significantly decrease pain, fatigue, and anxiety. 4 So it is extremely important to diVerentiate between navel gazing self help systems and courses such as ours, which encourage people to take control for themselves-and which work.Similar courses run on the Challenging Arthritis model are now available to people with other chronic conditions.Given Dr Reilly's desire to disabuse patients of the notion that their fibromyalgia is his problem alone, shouldn't eVective courses which encourage people to take control for themselves be a welcome adjunct to his treatment, even if it is run by a patient self management group?ROBINA
DNA immunization for the production of monoclonal antibodies to Blo t 11, a paramyosin homolog from <i>Blomia tropicalis</i>
Authors: J. D. A. Ramos, A. S. M. Teo, B. W. Lee, N. Cheong, K. Y. Chua
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Blo t 11 is a high molecular weight allergen from Blomia tropicalis with significant immunoglobulin (Ig)E binding frequency. Native and recombinant Blo t 11 are susceptible to degradation and the isolation and expression of the allergen is problematic thus obtaining sufficient amounts of purified Blo t 11 for antibody production is limiting. DNA‐based immunization is an attractive alternative strategy that bypasses antigen purification for antibody production. Objectives: To use a DNA‐based immunization protocol for the production and characterization of Blo t 11 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Methods: The 2625 bp cDNA coding for Blo t 11 was cloned into a mammalian expression vector and immunized intramuscularly with electroporation into mice. Monoclonal antibodies to Blo t 11 were generated using a methylcellulose‐based hybridoma cloning kit. These mAbs were utilized for native Blo t 11 isolation and the development of sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Six mAbs recognizing the native and recombinant Blo t 11 were generated and characterized. Native Blo t 11 was affinity purified from Bt extract and its identity was confirmed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization – time of flight mass spectrometry. The native Blo t 11 showed IgE reactivity with 67% of mite allergic sera. A two‐site ELISA developed showed a detection limit of 100 pg/ml of Blo t 11. Conclusion: A DNA‐based immunization protocol was successfully used to generate Blo t 11 mAbs with a spectrum of distinct epitopes located throughout the whole molecule, and they are useful for immunoaffinity purification and immunoassays.
Pemphigus and pemphigoid as paradigms of organ-specific, autoantibody-mediated diseases.
Authors: J R Stanley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The blistering skin diseases pemphigus and pemphigoid can be considered paradigms of antibody-mediated, organ-specific autoimmune diseases.These diseases not only demonstrate mechanisms whereby autoantibodies can mediate tissue dam- age, but are also examples ofhow autoantibodies from patients can be used as tools to further our understanding ofthe molec- ular structure of normal tissue.In this Perspectives article, I will briefly describe the clinical, histologic, and immunopatho- logic features of these diseases.I will then discuss in more detail the newer data regarding the pathophysiology of these diseases, as well as the molecules defined by the autoantibodies from these patients. Clinical and histologic featuresThe clinical and histologic aspects of pemphigus and pemphi- goid are well established (Table I) (1).There are two major types of pemphigus, called pemphigus vulgaris (PV)' and pemphigus foliaceus (PF).Patients with PV almost always de- velop, and often present with, mucous membrane erosions.Skin lesions, which are seen as flaccid blisters or erosions, tend to gradually enlarge at the edges.PV, ifleft untreated, is almost always fatal.The histology ofa PV lesion shows that the blister (or erosion) forms because of separation of epidermal cells from each other (a process called acantholysis) just above the basal cell layer.In contrast to PV patients, PF patients rarely have mucous membrane lesions.They usually present with scaly and crusted skin lesions, which, unlike PV lesions, do not tend to form extensive and enlarging erosions, but are fixed and well demarcated.Fogo selvagem (also called Brazilian PF) is a form of PF that is endemic in rural areas of Brazil and often affects children and young adults (2).The histology of a PF lesion demonstrates blister formation due to acantholysis in the superficial epidermis at the granular layer.With these histologic findings in mind, both major types of pemphigus, PV and PF, can be thought of as diseases of epithelial cell adhesion, with the blister or erosion a result ofloss ofadhesion at different levels within the stratified squamous epithelium of skin or mucous membrane.
Bad medicine: NICE's traffic light system for febrile children
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Centor criteria are used to diagnose bacterial tonsillitis. As a sceptic I always thought them flawed. The carriage of Streptococcus is so common, at 30-40%, that it makes the criteria’s predictive power meaningless. Also, the use of antibiotics has a limited effect on bacterial complications in rich countries.1

I was taught Centor in the traditional, absolutist medical way. Clinical rating scores are intellectually seductive, but do they stand up to scrutiny? Recent research has shown that the criteria may be ineffective in children and adolescents in predicting the presence of Streptococcus .2

The UK …
General practitioners' performance.
Authors: L M Campbell, T S Murray
Journal: BMJ (1993)

between patient and doctor, facilitating diagnosis and management, but in hospital it is neglected.In Bath we are setting up video facilities in outpatient clinics to assess, analyse, and, hopefully, improve our techniques.Two weeks' introduction covering all aspects of practice work is not considered unusual for a trainee in general practice.Neither was the protected three hours a week of tutorials, lunchtime lectures, and a day release course and the encouragement to attend outside courses.There was a half day off a week.Learning was centred on the trainee and not arbitrary, responding to the needs of the student.This sort of arrangement, which is structured but in which the student is not spoon fed, puts many hospital specialties to shame; The Royal College of General Practitioners is beginning to put pressure on those hospital posts incorporated into vocational training schemes to offer similar educa- tional programmes.Hopefully, this will filter through to the less privileged members of other institutions.All too often in hospital the reality is of a world that struggles to find adequate time for study, where there is little structured training and no half days to relieve the pressure.Morale is low among juniors; I wonder why.Just as general practitioners spend a proportion of their time training in hospitals so hospital practice can learn from primary care.I join with Cubitt in recommending that all hospital practitioners, trained or in training, should try to spend some time in general practice.
Treatment of Primary Reticulum-Cell Sarcoma of Bone by Irradiation
Authors: C. C. Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

PRIMARY reticulum-cell sarcoma of bone is a malignant process that arises in a single focus in bone and is capable of both regional and distant metastasis. It is moderately sensitive to radiation. Those affected are young adults, with a slight male preponderance. The long bones, particularly the femur, are most commonly involved.1 Histologically, primary reticulum-cell sarcoma of bone is often recognized as one of the so-called round-cell sarcomas. It consists of sheets of pleomorphic round or oval cells with eccentric nuclei, sparse stroma and some reticulum fibers between the cells.2 Local pain and swelling are the most common presenting complaints. . . .
The Catheter and the Prostate
Authors: S. Power
Journal: BMJ (1952)

volunteers given 50 mg.once daily for three days, or 50 mg.twice daily for three days, continued to show parasites in undiminishedc numbers for four to six days after treatment with pyrimethamine was discontinued.Other volunteers could not be observed so long because they became too ill and the treatment had to be changed to chloroquine.
Journals in Jeopardy
Authors: Howard W. Huntington
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Is it possible that the government senses an undercurrent of discontent that physicians have with scientific journals? Will journals continue to be "the principal medium for conversation between scientists," as stated in an editorial by William R. Barclay, MD (241:56, 1979), inThe Journal? There is no doubt that journals are facing uncontrolled inflation, but journal readers are facing an even greater problem. In the period from 1960 through 1977, the number of physicians in the United States increased approximately 60%; however,<i>Index Medicus</i>subject headings increased in volume by 178%, and author headings increased by 177% (comparison of editions from 1960 vs 1977). The size of the journal<i>Cancer</i>has expanded 380% during this same period (comparison of volumes 13,1960 vs 39 and 40, 1977). Academic physicians are said to be under pressure from their parent institutions to publish or perish; thus, the<i>New England Journal</i>
Sensitive detection technique of myeloperoxidase precursor protein by flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Nobutaka Imamura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

This report describes the analysis of culture cells and blast cells separated from the heparinized bone marrow and whole blood of patients with acute leukemias by means of a density-gradient technique (Ficoll-sodium metrizoate d = 1.077 g/cm3). Cell-surface antigens were analyzed by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The blast cells and culture cells were fixed by 3% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline. A low level of expression of MPO precursor protein was found in THP−1. K-562 and HEL, MEG-01, erythro-megakaryocytic leukemia cell lines, Jurkat, MOLT-3, MOLT-4, RPMI8402, ATL-5, T-cell leukemia cell lines, Raji, Daudi. BALL-1, B-cell leukemia cell lines, and AGNK1 showed negative reaction. The de novo MPO-negative acute leukemias, middle level of expression of MPO precursor protein, was found in the blasts of MPO-negative AML (AML, M0), which coexpressed CD13, CD33, CD34, and CD38. A high level of expression of MPO protein was found in all cases of AML, M1, and M2. The MPO expression was not found in all cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The highest level of MPO expression was found in cases of AML, M3, and AML, M3v, suggesting the diagnostic value for this type of leukemia. The detection of MPO precursor protein by flow cytometric analysis with monoclonal antibodies is essential for the determination of lineage and precise diagnosis of acute unclassifiable leukemia, and should contribute substantially to the development of an effective form of therapy and cure. Am. J. Hematol. 58:241–243, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The I-II Loop of the Ca 2+ Channel α 1 Subunit Contains an Endoplasmic Reticulum Retention Signal Antagonized by the β Subunit
Authors: Delphine Bichet, Véronique Cornet, Sandrine Geib, Edmond Carlier, Stephen Volsen, Toshi Hoshi, Yasuo Mori, Michel De Waard
Journal: Neuron (2000)
Expelling patients 1778
Authors: Jeremy Hugh Baron
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Such patients are to be expelled from the infirmary: (1) Who at their admission falsified their disease, or intentionally concealed any material part of it. (2) Who refuse the food, drink, medicines, or operations prescribed, or take any medicines, drink, or food, not ordered by the physicians or surgeons.

The History and Statutes of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Edinburgh: E Balfour and Smellie, 1778:76-7
New Treatment for Hepatitis C
Authors: Mark B. McClellan
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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Cases of Abdominal Surgery
Authors: T. J. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1884)

of abnetja or: r*4dctiou of the bAp opeMted.on.A; b rpgu1atqd so z*i J, ,r41at a little abduction can le,we toexatly; cQnpensate for an ixeor so of real shortening.Of course pa4s,.aid,padding are u.,4wvith the splint.Ex4ension
Authors' reply to Rivers
Authors: J. G. Logan, R. H. Behrens, N. M. Stanczyk
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Rivers discusses the application of insect repellents to the face. 1 2 Application of a repellent to the face may not always be needed because mosquito bites occur mainly on other parts of the body-for example, around the feet and ankles with Anopheles gambiae, the main malaria vector.Bites on the face are often avoided because people tend to notice mosquitoes landing on their face and defend themselves before the bite occurs.However, travellers who think that they are at risk of being bitten on the face can wear repellent if the instructions on the bottle allow it.We agree that the repellent should be sprayed onto the hands first and then applied carefully to the face to prevent accidental ingestion.Parents should apply the repellent to children.
Health Care in the Year 2000
Authors: Alexander E. Kuehl
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To  Editor.—  Dr Goldsmith1may be correct in his speculations concerning  provision of health care in  future; indeed, I often found myself nodding in agreement.  Unlike Dr Goldsmith, however, I speculate that a variation of national health insurance will be implemented in  1990s. He alludes to the creation by state and local initiative... of local systems of health services. These local health care authorities will be similar to those that currently exist as  foundation of national health insurance in  United Kingdom.  My scenario is based on  fact that health care costs over  past five years have been artificially low, in part because of  competitive marketing of national and regional managed-care programs; very shortly we will see a crisis in health insurance, similar to  recent liability insurance crisis.  Well before 2000,  entire health care industry will have been perceived
Comparison between Crystalline Dihydrotachysterol and Calciferol in Patients Requiring Pharmacologic Vitamin D Therapy
Authors: Harold E. Harrison, Fima Lifshitz, Robert M. Blizzard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

PATIENTS requiring pharmacologic amounts of vitamin D have usually been treated with ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) although cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and dihydrotachysterol have also been used. Dihydrotachysterol, like ergocalciferol, is a product of irradiation of ergosterol and was isolated by Holtz and Schreiber,1 who were searching for a steroid more effective than ergocalciferol in the treatment of hypocalcemic states. The pharmaceutical preparation AT10 (Hytakerol), although assayed in terms of assumed dihydrotachysterol content, is actually a mixture of steroids with dihydrovitamin D2II, an isomer of dihydrotachysterol, as the chief component.2 This preparation has been shown . . .