tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Cryptococcosis
Authors: CAMILLE A. KARAFFA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1986The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and CryptococcosisCAMILLE A. KARAFFA, M.D., SUSAN J. REHM, M.D., THOMAS F. KEYS, M.D.CAMILLE A. KARAFFA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SUSAN J. REHM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS F. KEYS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-6-891 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Kovacs and associates (1) recently reviewed the clinical course and response to therapy of 27 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cryptococcosis. We report an additional case that may have instructive value to others.A 41-year-old homosexual man was diagnosed with AIDS in December 1984, when he had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. In May 1985, he developed temperatures to 40.5 °C, a nonproductive cough, headaches, and diarrhea. Cultures of cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and urine all yielded Cryptococcus neoformans. His initial serum cryptococcal antigen titer was 1:131 072. The results of cerebrospinal fluid examination showed leukocytes, 2/mL;...References1. KOVACSKOVACSPOLIS JAM. Cryptococcosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:533-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. PERFECTDURACKHAMILTONGALLIS JDJH. Failure of ketoconazole in cryptococcal meningitis. JAMA. 1982;247:3349-51. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BONNERALEXANDERDISMUKES JWW. Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:2178-81. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GOODPASTUREHERSHBERGERBARNETTPETERIE HRAJ. Treatment of central nervous system fungal infection with ketoconazole. Arch Intern Med. 1985;145:879-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH 44106 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByOpportunistic/nosocomial infections. Treatment and developmental therapeutics. II. cryptococcosisCryptococcal meningitis in AIDS occurring despite systemic antifungal therapyProduction ofd-mannitol fromd-aldopentoses by the yeastRhodotorula minutaCryptococcosisTreatment of Infections Associated with Human Immunodeficiency VirusFungal Infections in AIDSFungal infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndromeOpportunistische Lungeninfektionen bei AIDS 1 June 1986Volume 104, Issue 6Page: 891-892KeywordsAIDSBloodCerebrospinal fluidCryptococcosisCryptococcus neoformansDiarrheaHomosexualsPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaTemperatureUrine Issue Published: 1 June 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Corticosteroids increase superoxide anion production by rat liver microsomes.
Authors: D H Nelson, A Ruhmann-Wennhold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Superoxide anion production by liver microsomes from intact, adrenalectomized, and cortisoltreated adrenalectomized rats has been determined. The amount formed was roughly proportionate to the amount of cortisol given, and a similar response was seen in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. The amount of measurable superoxide anion was markedly reduced by the addition of superoxide dismutase. The increased production of this potent free radical with cortisol therapy suggests that its formation may contribute to some of the harmful effects of corticosteroids given in more than physiologic amounts.
Association between cardiovascular events and sodium-containing effervescent, dispersible, and soluble drugs: nested case-control study
Authors: J. George, W. Majeed, I. S. Mackenzie, T. M. MacDonald, L. Wei
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Objective To determine whether patients taking formulations of drugs that contain sodium have a higher incidence of cardiovascular events compared with patients on non-sodium formulations of the same drugs. Design Nested case-control study. Setting UK Primary Care Patients registered on the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Participants All patients aged 18 or over who were prescribed at least two prescriptions of sodium-containing formulations or matched standard formulations of the same drug between January 1987 and December 2010. Main outcome measures Composite primary outcome of incident non-fatal myocardial infarction, incident non-fatal stroke, or vascular death. We performed 1:1 incidence density sampling matched controls using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). For the secondary analyses, cases were patients with the individual components of the primary study composite endpoint of hypertension, incident heart failure, and all cause mortality. Results 1 292 337 patients were included in the study cohort. Mean follow-up time was 7.23 years. A total of 61 072 patients with an incident cardiovascular event were matched with controls. For the primary endpoint of incident non-fatal myocardial infarction, incident non-fatal stroke, or vascular death the adjusted odds ratio for exposure to sodium-containing drugs was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.21). The adjusted odds ratios for the secondary endpoints were 1.22 (1.16 to 1.29) for incident non-fatal stroke, 1.28 (1.23 to 1.33) for all cause mortality, 7.18 (6.74 to 7.65) for hypertension, 0.98 (0.93 to 1.04) for heart failure, 0.94 (0.88 to 1.00) for incident non-fatal myocardial infarction, and 0.70 (0.31 to 1.59) for vascular death. The median time from date of first prescription (that is, date of entry into cohort) to first event was 3.92 years. Conclusions Exposure to sodium-containing formulations of effervescent, dispersible, and soluble medicines was associated with significantly increased odds of adverse cardiovascular events compared with standard formulations of those same drugs. Sodium-containing formulations should be prescribed with caution only if the perceived benefits outweigh these risks.
Health Care Financing and Delivery in the Decade Ahead
Authors: Walter J. McNerney
Journal: JAMA (1972)

One hundred eighty-six years ago, Robert Burns pleaded that we might be given the power to see ourselves as others see us. If that plea proves anything, it is that 18th century Scotland was not blessed with the newspapers and television news broadcasts that we in the United States enjoy today. Through them, we have indeed been given the power to see ourselves through the eyes of others. All we have to do is read or listen. For example: Rochester, NY, November 1971.— Surveys in the area were reported to show that because of a lack of areawide planning, 30% of all hospital and nursing home patients should have been cared for elsewhere. Chicago, February 1972.—Dr. Huntley, of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, said 60,000 lives could be saved annually if present knowledge about emergency care were put into effect. He added that only eight to ten communities
New Mutations of C1 inhibitor (SERPING1/C1NH) Gene Associated with Hereditary Angioedema in a European Population
Authors: C. Drouet, M. Cicardi, E. Pappalardo, N. Monnier, O. Roche, A. Tordai, I. Wagenaar-Bos, R. Perricone, A. Bygum, K. Bork, M. Tosi, M. López-Trascasa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)

RATIONALE:The clinical symptoms of the hereditary angioeodema are recurrent episodes of skin swellings and intestinal and laryngeal edema that results from the deficiency of C1-inhibitor (C1-INH).METHODS: A total of 82 pediatric patients with diagnosed HAE are followed up for a period up to 15 years.Until August 2006 67 patients from 46 families with HAE were evaluated.We monitored C1-INH activity and -antigen, C4-and CH50-complement, age at diagnosis and age at first manifestation.Furthermore frequency and localization of attacks, savety and efficacy of replacement therapy with C1-INH concentrate in acute edema were observed.RESULTS: All patients showed low levels of C1-INH-activty at the range of 1-47%.Decreased levels of C4 were found in 94.1% of patients.The age of diagnosis was 4.9 years in median.Symptomatic patients (37/67) presented with subcutaneous edema of extremities (24), face (25), larynx (10) and gastrointestinal manifestations (30).The initial manifestation of HAE occurred at the age of 0.4-15.8years.Acute attacks were treated successfully with 10-35 IU/kg bw of C1-INH concentrate.No side effects during all infusions of C1-INH concentrate were observed; no seroconversion for HAV, HBV, HCV, HGV or HIV was detected.CONCLUSIONS: Manifestation of HAE in children occurs at the age of 5 years in median and is throughout associated with low levels of C1-INHactivity and C4-complement.6out of 37 patients had symptoms in the first year of life.Therefore diagnosis of HAE is necessary as soon as possible.In case of attacks C1-INH-concentrate was effective, safe and well tolerated.
Small intestine submucosa sponge for in vivo support of tissue-engineered bone formation in the presence of rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors: Kyung Sook Kim, Ju Young Lee, Yun Mi Kang, E.Sle Kim, Gyeong Hae Kim, Sang Dal Rhee, Hyae Gyeong Cheon, Jae Ho Kim, Byoung-Hyun Min, Hai Bang Lee, Moon Suk Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
TIME EFFECT ON MYOCARDIAL SYSTOLIC FUNCTION IN PEDIATRIC SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATIENTS: A LONGITUDINAL MYOCARDIAL DEFORMATION STUDY
Authors: Ghassan Al-Naami, Thomas Sawyerr, Jill S. Menell, Fuad M. Kiblawi, Dorothy Myridakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Prevalence and determinants of lead intoxication in Mexican children of low socioeconomic status.
Authors: L López-Carrillo, L Torres-Sánchez, F Garrido, J Papaqui-Hernández, E Palazuelos-Rendón, M López-Cervantes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This paper reports on the prevalence of lead poisoning in children between 1 and 5 years of age living in a marginal area to the north of Mexico City and also includes an evaluation of sources of exposure to this metal in the same area. The results show that 67.5% of the children studied have blood lead (PbB) levels > or = 10 micrograms/100 ml. Twenty-one percent of these children (1987) had PbB levels that required medical evaluation (> or = 20 micrograms/100 ml- < or = 40 micrograms/100 ml), and 112 children needed medical treatment (PbB > or = 40 micrograms/100 ml). In addition, the study found that the probability of higher blood lead levels (> or = 20 micrograms/dl) corresponds to children whose mothers use lead-glazed pottery dishes (OR = 2.80; CI 95%, 1.55-5.07) and to children who habitually bite colored pencils (OR = 2.05; CI 95%, 1.13-3.71) compared, respectively, with children whose mothers do not use that type of dishes and children who do not bite pencils. Our results provide baseline information for estimating the impact and costs of population-based interventions aimed at these populations and also confirm the need to strengthen health education programs to promote the reduction of lead exposure in the general population.
LOX-1 and mitochondria: an inflammatory relationship
Authors: A. Christ, E. Latz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

This editorial refers to ‘LOX-1, mtDNA damage, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages: implications in atherogenesis’ by Z. Ding et al. , pp. 619–628, this issue. 

LOX-1 has been described as the responsible receptor for oxidized lipoprotein (oxLDL) binding and internalization, thereby inducing an intracellular oxidative stress response associated with an inflammatory processes occurring in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In the current edition of Cardiovascular Research , Ding et al. 1 report that LOX-1-mediated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage that escapes autophagy triggers the Nlrp3 inflammasome expression in inflammatory disease states.

Oxidative stress occurs during atherogenesis and plays an important role in disease progression by promoting lipid oxidation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vessel wall. Risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, are associated with enhanced oxidative stress.2,3 Accumulation of oxLDLs under the endothelium at atherosclerosis-prone sites is considered as the initial step in atherogenesis.3 Sensing of (oxidized) lipoproteins by endogenous scavenger receptors ( Figure 1 ) has been shown to trigger inflammatory processes, which crucially contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation.3 The lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a key scavenger receptor responsible for oxLDL uptake and adjacent foam cell formation. OxLDL itself, as well as other triggers such as ROS, angiotensin II, endothelin, inflammatory cytokines, and shear stress, induces LOX-1 upregulation on vascular cells (endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, and vascular smooth …
The Method of Determination Must Be Considered in Interpreting Blood Cholesterol Levels
Authors: David W. Blank
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Based on the results of recent clinical trials, physicians have been encouraged to screen and treat patients for hypercholesterolemia. Since the data from the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) have been used to define the patient population that should be treated, a comparison of LRC cholesterol results with those obtained with two commonly used clinical laboratory instruments was performed. Both the Technicon SMAC and the Du Pont aca had positive bias compared with the LRC method. Therefore, many patients with cholesterol concentrations greater than 265 mg/dL (6.85 mmol/L) as determined by these routinely used methods have markedly lower levels determined by LRC methods. These findings not only indicate that rigorous interlaboratory standardization is required to conform to LRC reference values, but they also suggest that the clinician should be aware of these methodological considerations when the decision to treat hypercholesterolemia is made.
Localized Primary Extranodal Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Neil L. Wood, Charles A. Coltman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Cases with extranodal Hodgkin's disease located in sites outside those defined as lymphatic structure are quite rare. Even rarer are cases with disease completely limited to those extranodal sites. The exact incidence of this localized form of Hodgkin's disease is unknown, but it is estimated to be one fourth of 1% of the overall incidence of Hodgkin's disease. World literature was reviewed for well-documented cases of localized, primary extranodal Hodgkin's disease, to define its prognosis. Localized primary extranodal Hodgkin's disease seems to have an excellent prognosis in some cases, including skin, tongue, lung, stomach, small bowel, and thyroid. Data are insufficient for specific conclusions about most other areas of localized Hodgkin's disease. Hodgkin's disease can arise and may be localized in surprisingly diverse sites and may well be related to small fossi of lymphatic tissue within these extralymphatic organs that undergo malignant transformation.
Temporal correlation of antibody responses to different epitopes of the human La autoantigen.
Authors: E W St Clair, J A Burch, M M Ward, J D Keene, D S Pisetsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To investigate the temporal relationship of antibody responses to different La epitopes, sequential sera from nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody binding to a series of recombinant fusion proteins containing different regions of the La molecule. The results of this analysis indicate that antibody responses to four different La fragments vary in parallel over time. This finding is supported by a statistical analysis indicating that the changes in antibody levels between the six pairs of responses were highly correlated (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, we show by immunoaffinity purification that antibodies to the three nonoverlapping La protein fragments do not cross-react with other fragments and, hence, represent independent populations. These results suggest that anti-La antibodies are coordinately produced to different epitopes on the La molecule, possibly reflecting an antigen-driven mechanism.
Abstract 2309: Down-regulation of miR-181b contributes to the poor prognosis of adverse cytogenetically abnormal acute myeloid leukemia by targeting <i>PBX3</i>
Authors: Zejuan Li, Hao Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Xi Jiang, Ping Chen, Stephen Arnovitz, Chunjiang He, Zhiyu Zhang, Mary Beth Neilly, Colles Price, Yanming Zhang, Richard Larson, Michelle Le Beau, Janet Rowley, Jianjun Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs, a class of small regulatory RNAs) is associated with various types of cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In our previous bead-based miRNA expression profiling assay, we observed that miR-181a, b, c, and d were all expressed at a higher level in the favorable prognosis subtypes of cytogenetically abnormal AML (CA-AML) carrying t(8;21), inv(16), or t(15;17) than in an intermediate- to poor-risk subtype of CA-AML harboring MLL rearrangements. Indeed, we found that increased expression of miR-181a or miR-181b was significantly (P&amp;lt;0.05) associated with longer OS in univariable testing, whereas only that of miR-181b remained significant (P&amp;lt;0.05) upon multivariable testing, after adjusting for other clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular variables. Through correlating expression of miR-181b with those of miR-181 putative target genes in 35 CA-AML patient samples, we identified 159 genes that exhibited a significantly inverse (P&amp;lt;0.05; Pearson Correlation) correlation of expression with miR-181b. PBX3 has the most significant inverse correlation with the expression of miR-181b, so we chose PBX3 as an important candidate target of miR-181 for further studies. We conducted luciferase reporter and mutagenesis assays and showed that PBX3 is a direct target of miR-181a/b. We also showed that forced expression of miR-181a/b significantly down-regulated endogenous expression of PBX3 in MLL-rearranged leukemic cells at both the RNA and protein levels. Ectopic expression of miR-181b significantly (P&amp;lt;.05) promoted apoptosis and decreased viability of MONOMAC-6/t(9;11), THP-1/t(9;11), and KOCL-48/t(4;11), and delayed leukemogenesis in MLL-fusion-mediated mouse leukemia model; such effects could be reversed by forced expression of PBX3 coding region. Our data suggest that the silencing of miR-181b and thereby the activation of the target genes, such as PBX3, likely contributes to the poor prognosis of adverse CA-AML patients. Thus, restoring expression of miR-181b and/or targeting the PBX3 pathways in poor prognosis AML patients may provide new strategies to improve outcome substantially. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2309. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2309
WHAT IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF THE SEVERITY OF ABO-HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN?
Authors: H.A.A Brouwers, I.Van Ertbruggen, G.P.J Alsbach, E.F.Van Leeuwen, M.A.M Overbeeke, W Schaasberg, C van der Heiden, J.W Stoop, C.P Engelfriet
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Studies on the Structure of the Pulmonary Trunk
Authors: MARIO SALDAÑA, JAVIER ARIAS-STELLA
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A study of the elastic configuration of the pulmonary trunk was undertaken in 443 normal autopsy cases, ranging in ages from the second month of intrauterine life to 96 years. It has been shown that during the whole of fetal life the elastic configuration of the pulmonary trunk is similar to that observed in the ascending aorta. The "aortic" configuration of the pulmonary trunk, which is characterized by a great content of long elastic fibers, was observed in the first trimester of life, especially in the 29 days that follow birth. Two models of the "transitional" configuration have been distinguished. The "transitional-A" model is characterized by a marked fragmentation of the elastic fibers. This elastic pattern has been found between 25 days and 3 years. In the "transitional-B" model most of the fibers are partially disintegrated but not fragmented. Cases with this characteristic were found from 1 month to 9 years. The "adult" type of pulmonary configuration, which exhibits a poor content in elastic tissue, was already present in the twelfth month of life. Over the ninth year it constituted the totality of cases. A fourth elastic configuration has been added to the already known "aortic," "transitional," and "adult" types. The designation of "persistent" given to this elastic type alludes to the presence of numerous long elastic fibers that are more characteristic of the "aortic" type, alternating with others that have suffered fragmentation. Cases of the "persistent" type were found from 1 month to 5 years. A hemodynamic interpretation of the changes observed in the "transitional" models and "persistent" configuration is proposed.
Requests for Reprints
Authors: L. M. Payne
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Following publication of your illustrations of Say's drawings of specimens obtained by Richard Bright, the Royal College of Physicians received a postcard addressed to Dr. Bright from a physician in Canada, asking for a reprint of two case reports by Richard Bright. The legend on your cover mentioned the report prepared Jan 29, 1827. It also stated that one patient was described in 1829.