tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Gout
Authors: Stephen E. Goldfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

GOUT is a consequence of hyperuricemia. It is of interest that our generally accepted upper limit of normal for serum unite, a concentration greater than 7 mg per 100 ml, corresponds closely to the solubility of sodium urate in human plasma at pH 7.4. Concentrations higher than this represent a supersaturated solution, a system in which the "excess" urate will, under appropriate circumstances, precipitate. Resultant urate deposition occurs in a variety of tissues, including synovium, cartilage, tendon, subchondral bone and renal parenchyma. The almost universal association of microcrystalline monosodium urate in acute gouty synovial effusions implies that inflammatory arthritis, the . . .
Platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibition by SC-49992 prevents thrombosis and rethrombosis in the canine carotid artery
Authors: W. E Rote, S. W Werns, J. H Davis, L. P Feigen, K. S Kilgore, B. R Lucchesi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) receptors represent the final common pathway for aggregation. GPIIb/IIIa inhibition with antibodies or RGD peptides prevents arterial thrombosis. The present study examined the ability of SC-49992 (SC), a GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, to prevent thrombosis in a canine model of carotid artery thrombosis.Both carotid arteries of anaesthetised dogs were instrumented with Doppler probes. A 300 microA current was applied to the intimal surface of the right carotid artery via an intraluminal electrode; time to occlusive thrombus formation was noted. SC (30 and 60 micrograms/.kg-1 x min-1, intravenously) or saline was infused for 240 min. The procedure for thrombus formation was repeated after 60 min of drug infusion for the left carotid artery.SC did not alter heart rate or blood pressure. Frequency of occlusive thrombus formation was reduced or prevented in a dose dependent manner (control = 100%, n = 12; SC 30 micrograms = 50%, n = 6; SC 60 micrograms = 0%, n = 6; p < 0.05). SC resulted in a reduction in thrombus weight (p < 0.05) v control. Ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP and arachidonic acid was inhibited. Platelet reactivity remained inhibited 60 min after cessation of SC infusion. In a second group of animals, a carotid artery thrombus was formed and lysed with administration of anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (0.05 U.kg-1). SC (60 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1, intravenously, n = 6) or saline (n = 6) was infused for 240 min. In dogs receiving saline there was an 83% rate of rethrombosis; none of the SC treated animals had reocclusion after recanalisation (p < 0.05).SC-49992 inhibits ex vivo platelet aggregation, prevents occlusive thrombus formation in a canine model of arterial thrombosis, and prevents rethrombosis after thrombolysis. The data are consistent with results obtained with murine monoclonal antibodies directed against the platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor.
Addition applications for cyclosporine?
Authors: C. Macek
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ISCHEMIC POSTCONDITIONING IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A META ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Lin Zhang, Jing Chang, Yu-Ting Yuan, Xiao-Lan Hu, Xiao-Xia Peng, Yuan-Ping Hou, Yan-Hong Liang, Xiu-Lan Liu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Long-term results of salvage photodynamic therapy for patients with local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: T. Yano, M. Muto, K. Minashi, M. Onozawa, K. Nihei, S. Ishikura, K. Kaneko, A. Ohtsu
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Local failure after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains a major problem for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study was to clarify the long-term results of salvage photodynamic therapy (PDT) for local failure.Patients were treated with CRT, consisting of more than 50 Gy irradiation and concurrent chemotherapy. The indications for salvage PDT were as follows: 1) absence of lymph-node or distant metastasis after CRT; 2) failure lesion limited to T2; 3) refusal by patient to undergo salvage esophagectomy; 4) written informed consent. PDT was performed using an excimer dye laser at 48 and 72 hours after administration of Photofrin.A total of 37 consecutive patients underwent salvage PDT. The baseline stage before CRT was as follows: T1/T2/T3/T4 in 3/4/24/6 and N0/1 in 13/24 patients, respectively. Prior to PDT, 20 patients had a uT1 lesion, and 17 had a uT2 lesion; 24 patients had histologically proven local failure. A complete response was achieved in 22 patients (59.5%) following PDT. Esophageal fistulae, stenosis, and phototoxicity occurred in 4 (10.8%), 20 (54.1%), and 2 (5.4%) patients, respectively. Over a median follow-up period of 55 months, the 5-year progression-free (PFS) and overall survival rates of 37 patients following PDT were 20.7% and 36.1%, respectively. The 5-year PFS and overall survival of 24 patients with proven local failure were 17.6% and 34.6%, respectively.Salvage PDT is a curative treatment option for patients with local failure after CRT for ESCC.
TOXINS OF THE BODY.
Authors: WALTER F. McCABE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The human body, in its normal or its pathologic state is the theater of the toxic elaborations carried on either by the organism itself, or by the microbes which are normal inhabitants, or by those which are guests of the alimentary canal. In the first rank come the mineral substances taken with our food, even the most inoffensive, particularly on account of the mineral matters; then the products of physiologic secretion, the products of digestion, and toxic substances resulting from intestinal putrefactions. The poisons which exist in the tissue and in the intestinal canal are likewise found in the urine, either natural or modified by oxidation. In every disease of the intestinal canal there is an increase of urinary (indican) poison. There is an increase also in intestinal obstruction and strangulation. The blood, therefore, is the necessary medium between the seat of the formation of these poisons and their place
A CASE OF PANCREATIC CALCULL
Authors: S. N. Sennett
Journal: BMJ (1929)

JORNZ pericardial sac.The suriface of the fluiid could(I be seen to move witlh eaclh pulsation, alid whiein the patienlt was-rotated lying down the gas bubble could always be seen lyinig above tlhe fluid wllichl flowed inlto tlle depenidenlt parts.A furtlher x-ray exmniniationl of the paticlt after he lad beeni resting for onie month slhowed no change in.tbe appearanice of the pericardiuim.About tllc same quanltity of fluid anid gas appeared to be pr e.senit.His dyspnoea was perlhaps a little less milarked, and lhe was able to walk about witlhout muclh dist-ress.Aftel a further two miionitlhs' rest aniotlher s-ray examiination wvas made, anid to otur' astonislhrmenlt the wlhole appearance lhad
Alternatives to Animal Experiments in Medical Research
Authors: J. L. Gowans
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In laboratory work which involves the large-scale routine assay of biologically-active substances the sponsors of “alternative” (in vitro) methods and the scientists have a common aim: a reduction in the use of living animals. In vitro methods are usually more accurate, easier to perform, and cheaper. Animals are no longer required for the production of certain antiviral vaccines. Those engaged in medical research where new knowledge is being sought also need no incentive to develop in vitro methods because they make refined analysis possible. Nevertheless, such in vitro methods are usually not alternatives in the sense that they substitute for animals; they complement experiments on animals. A legal requirement “that no experiment on a living animal may be performed if the purpose of the experiment can be achieved by alternative means not involving an experiment on a living animal” would be unenforceable.
WHO urges donors not to slash spending on health despite financial crisis
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Health budgets must not be targeted for savings in these challenging financial times, according to the World Health Organization.

WHO’s director general, Margaret Chan, has urged governments worldwide to maintain health budgets and aid despite the pressures of the global economic downturn.

To make savings could mean increasing the risk of failing to meet the needs of vulnerable populations, especially in poorer nations, said Dr Chan.

“We must seize every opportunity to protect populations and pre-empt adverse effect on health,” Dr Chan told a meeting this week in Geneva attended by ministers and international experts who were discussing the potential impacts of …
"DRAINAGE OF APICAL ABSCESSES OF TEETH"
Authors: R. A. Duncan
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Queries and Minor Notes (The Journal, Dec. 13, 1924) appears an answer to the question regarding drainage of apical abscesses of the teeth. I wish to congratulate you on the last paragraph of your answer. Nobody is too good a man for his town. What is needed mostly in this country is good doctors and dentists in the smaller towns and cities. As soon as a man begins to keep abreast of the times in a small place some one is always advising him that he is too big a man for his town. This often has the tendency to make him move to the larger centers where he is not needed, and the smaller place loses a useful citizen. Let doctors and dentists remember the old Methodist hymn that is sung here at times, "Brighten the Corner Where You Are."
Comparison of the suppressive effects of elevated plasma glucose and free fatty acid levels on glucagon secretion in normal and insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Evidence for selective alpha-cell insensitivity to glucose in diabetes mellitus.
Authors: J E Gerich, M Langlois, C Noacco, M Lorenzi, J H Karam, P H Korsham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

To examine whether abnormal pancreatic alpha-cell function found in human diabetes mellitus may represent a selective insensitivity to glucose, plasma glucagon responses to hyperglycemia and elevation of plasma free fatty acid levels (both known suppressors of glucagon secretion) were compared in juvenile-onset, insulin-requiring diabetic subjects, and in normal nondiabetic subjects. In the latter, both elevation of plasma free fatty acid levels induced by heparin administration of hyperglycemia produced by intravenous infusion of glucose resulted in a comparable 30--40% suppression of circulating glucagon levels (P less than 0.01). In the diabetic subjects, glucagon suppression by hyperglycemia (less than 20%) was less than that occurring in normal subjects (P less than 0.01), even when accompanied by infusion of supraphysiologic amounts of insulin. However, suppression of glucagon levels by elevation of plasma free fatty acids in the diabetic group was similar to that found in normal subjects and of comparable magnitude to that due to hyperglycemia in the normal subjects. These results thus demonstrate a selective impairment of the diabetic alpha-cell response to glucose and provide further evidence for the presence of an abnormal alpha-cell glucoreceptor in human diabetes mellitus.
Ibritumomab consolidation after 3 cycles of CHOP plus radiotherapy in high-risk limited-stage aggressive B-cell lymphoma: SWOG S0313
Authors: Daniel O. Persky, Thomas P. Miller, Joseph M. Unger, Catherine M. Spier, Soham Puvvada, B. Dino Stea, Oliver W. Press, Louis S. Constine, Kevin P. Barton, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Michael LeBlanc, Richard I. Fisher
Journal: Blood (2014)
Prognostic implications of genetic aberrations in acute myelogenous leukemia with normal cytogenetics
Authors: Hady Ghanem, Niki Tank, Imad A. Tabbara
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease in which somatic mutations, that disturb cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation, accumulate in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cytogenetic findings, at diagnosis, have been proven to be one of the most important prognostic indicators in AML. About half of the patients with AML are found to have "normal" cytogenetic analysis by standard culture techniques. These patients are considered as an intermediate risk group. Cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) is the largest cytogenetic risk group, and the variation in clinical outcome of patients in this group is greater than in any other cytogenetic group. Besides mutation testing, age and presenting white blood cell count are important predictors of overall survival, suggesting that other factors independent of cytogenetic abnormalities, contribute to the outcome of patients with AML. The expanding knowledge at the genetic and molecular levels is helping define several subgroups of patients with CN-AML with variable prognosis. In this review, we describe the clinical and prognostic characteristics of CN-AML patients as a group, as well as the various molecular and genetic aberrations detected in these patients and their clinical and prognostic implications.
Interaction between p53 Staining and High-Dose Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Per Eystein Lønning, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

To the Editor: Kroger et al. ([1][1]) recently reported an interesting observation, suggesting an interaction between p53 immunohistochemical staining and high-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer. If their finding that patients staining positive for p53 seems to benefit from high-dose therapy,
MEDICAL EDUCATION THE FUNDAMENTAL FACT IN MEDICAL ETHICS.
Authors: ALBERT L. GIHON
Journal: JAMA (1884)

[Read before the Section in State Medicine of the American Medical Association, at Cleveland, Ohio, June 5, 1883.] [Note.—It is almost an insult to the intelligence of the readers of the Journal of the Association, to explain that this paper is not intended as a sectarian attack upon the organic law of the American Medical Association; but as this interpretation has actually been given to it by over-sensitive partisans, I deem it proper to reaffirm my loyalty to the code to which I have subscribed, without, however, surrendering the right, which in common with every intelligent man I claim, to criticise what I may think objectionable, and to call attention to the inconsistencies of its avowed adherents, who, attempting to observe its letter, ignore its spirit. I fail to see why honest advocates of its principles should be placed in an attitude of “rebellion ” for merely defining these principles
Modified Shumacker repair of transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: J A Waldhausen, W S Pierce, W Berman, V Whitman
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Seven infants weighing from 6.4 to 10.3 kg underwent correction of transposition of the great arteries by the venous transposition operation as described by Shumacker. In this operation, a new atrial septum is constructed using a bipedicled right atrial flap, and the lateral atrial wall is constructed using a viable pericardial flap. Three of the patients had an associated ventricular septal defect. Six of the seven patients survived and have had an excellent clinical result. Although atrial arrhythmias were common in the early postoperative period, all patients are now in sinus rhythm. Two patients have had postoperative cardiac catheterization and cineangiography, which showed excellent hemodynamic results. The modified Shumacker operation preserves two of the three internodal pathways, provides a compliant, viable atrial septum, and permits fabrication of a generous-size physiological left atrium. This appears to offer advantages not present in the Mustard procedure.
HYPERTHYROIDISM AND PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL REACTIONS
Authors: S. Katzenelbogen, Frank H. Luton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1935)

An attempt was made to estimate the significance of more or less marked hyperthyroidism in 70 psychoneurotic and psychotic patients. Two problems were discussed: (a) The rôle of hyperthyroidism in the etiology and pathogenesis of psychoses; (b) The correlation between psychobiological reactions, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, and hyperthyroid function. Our material suggests the following: 1. Hyperthyroidism may coincide with various types of actual psychoses; thyrotoxicosis is apt to cause mental reactions which are not essentially different from those commonly present in many other toxic and infectious conditions. 2. In some of our psychotic patients the hyperthyroid function appeared to play a rôle as a causative, precipitating, or aggravating factor. In other patients, hyperthyroidism did not seem to have any bearing on the origin, course, and recurrence of various types of psychoses. 3. Studies of life histories of patients, having symptoms of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and of hyperthyroidism, bring out the presence of more or less serious psychobiological implications. Such studies strongly suggest, first, that there is a close interrelationship between the psychobiological implications and the malfunction of both the thyroid gland and the autonomic nervous system; second, that these pathologic manifestations have a common origin which may be traced to a combination of personality background (including a predisposition to hyperthyroidism) and injurious situational conditions. 4. In the discussion of the differential diagnosis between dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and hyperthyroidism, it was pointed out that both persistent tachycardia and high basal metabolic rate, considered to be characteristic of hyperthyroidism, may also be present in conditions in which the dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system appears to be the essential factor. 5. Granting that hyperthyroidism is not exclusively a thyroidal disease, its treatment in every case necessitates a consideration of medical and psychiatric aspects before surgical intervention is considered. 6. Thyroidectomy is regarded as a treatment measure which may or may not have an influence on the general personality background; it, therefore, should always be supplemented by treatment of the patient's total personality and the situation in which hyperthyroidism has developed.
O53 SERUM LEVELS OF THE ENDOGENOUS HCV ENTRY INHIBITOR OXIDIZED LDL (OXLDL) PREDICT SVR FOLLOWING INTERFERON-BASED THERAPY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: S. Westhaus, P. Solbach, M. Deest, T. Berg, M.P. Manns, S. Ciesek, C. Sarrazin, T. von Hahn
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A Pilot Study of MUC-1/CEA/TRICOM Poxviral-Based Vaccine in Patients with Metastatic Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mahsa Mohebtash, Kwong-Yok Tsang, Ravi A. Madan, Ngar-Yee Huen, Diane J. Poole, Caroline Jochems, Jacquin Jones, Theresa Ferrara, Christopher R. Heery, Philip M. Arlen, Seth M. Steinberg, Mary Pazdur, Myrna Rauckhorst, Elizabeth C. Jones, William L. Dahut, Jeffrey Schlom, James L. Gulley
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

PANVAC is a recombinant poxviral vaccine that contains transgenes for MUC-1, CEA, and 3 T-cell costimulatory molecules. This study was conducted to obtain preliminary evidence of clinical response in metastatic breast and ovarian cancer patients.
Pulmonary tuberous sclerosis treated with tamoxifen and progesterone.
Authors: C J Westermann, A C Oostveen, S S Wagenaar, C Hilvering, S E Overbeek, D Verheijen-Breemhaar, B Corrin
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Tuberous sclerosis is a rare disease and pulmonary manifestations are extremely rare.Like pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, tuberous sclerosis of the lung affects only women of childbearing age and carries a very poor prognosis.The radiological and pathological features of the two conditions in the lung are indistinguishable and some authors therefore consider lymphangioleiomyomatosis to be a forme fruste of tuberous sclerosis,1 although others believe that the relationship is unclear.2In pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis bilateral oophorectomy and high dose progesterone have sometimes been beneficial,2`4 and antioestrogens have been advocated on theoretical grounds.5In this report we describe two patients with pulmonary tuberous sclerosis; both were treated with tamoxifen and progesterone.
THE KIND AND AMOUNT OF LABORATORY WORK WHICH SHOULD BE REQUIRED IN OUR MEDICAL SCHOOLS.
Authors: VICTOR C. VAUGHAN
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Mr. President and Gentlemen :—It will not be necessary for me to take any time in giving the arguments in favor of teaching medical students by the laboratory method many of the sciences which must enter into the curriculum of study. I will take it for granted that all reputable teachers of medicine understand that analytical chemistry, practical anatomy, bacteriology, histology, physiology, analysis of urine, pathology, etc., must be taught in the laboratory in part at least, if taught at all. How can you expect a practitioner to tell whether a given bit of tissue is from a malignant growth or not, when he has never seen a cancer cell? How could he be trusted with such an examination when he has never used a microscope, cut a section, or made a microscopical mount? How can the young practitioner diagnositicate tuberculosis in its early stages, when he has had no practical
CHEMICAL, CLINICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTS OF HUMAN PLASMA FRACTIONATION XXX. THE USE OF SALT-POOR CONCENTRATED HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN SOLUTION IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC BRIGHT'S DISEASE 123
Authors: G. W. Thorn, S. H. Armstrong, V. D. Davenport, L. M. Woodruff, F. H. Tyler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1945)

Much of the disability induced by chronic Bright's disease, particularly during the nephrotic stage, is attributable to thte coexistent disturbances in pro- tein metabolism.The latter may be characterized as follows: 1, proteinuria; 2, hypoalbuminemia; and 3, depletion of tissue protein stores.During the past few years, numerous attempts have been made to correct the hypoalbuminemia, depletion of body protein stores, and attendant edema in patients with nephrotic syndromes by administering human plasma intravenously (1, 2, 3).This form of therapy obviously had as its objectives the use of protein solution as a diuretic agent by virtue of its high colloid osmotic pressure, the restoration of serum albumin level, and the replenishment of body protein stores.The last two objectives were rarely, if ever, attained because of the limited quantity and high cost of human