tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Towards a Lower Paediatric Mortality"
Authors: W. Gaisford
Journal: BMJ (1948)

<b>Background and Purpose.</b> Acrophobia (fear of heights) may be related to a high degree of height vertigo caused by visual dependence in the maintenance of standing balance. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of vestibular physical therapy intervention following behavioral therapy to reduce a patient9s visual dependence and height vertigo. <b>Case Description.</b> Mr N was a 37-year-old man with agoraphobia (fear of open spaces) that included symptoms of height phobia. Exposure to heights triggered symptoms of dizziness. <b>Intervention.</b> Mr N underwent 8 sessions of behavioral therapy that involved exposure to heights using a head-mounted virtual reality device. Subsequently, he underwent 8 weeks of physical therapy for an individualized vestibular physical therapy exercise program. <b>Outcomes.</b> After behavioral therapy, the patient demonstrated improvements on the behavioral avoidance test and the Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale, but dizziness and body sway responses to moving visual scenes did not decrease. After physical therapy, his dizziness and sway responses decreased and his balance confidence increased. <b>Discussion.</b> Symptoms of acrophobia and sway responses to full-field visual motion appeared to respond to vestibular physical therapy administered after completion of a course of behavioral therapy. Vestibular physical therapy may have a role in the management of height phobia related to excessive height vertigo.
BMA calls for national standards in community care
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Doctors and other health workers are calling on the British government to introduce a national charter of rights to cover people who need community care. There is concern at the lack of a coordinated and coherent approach to community care across Britain.

The British Medical Association, together with the charities Help the Aged and MIND (a mental health charity), is proposing nationally agreed minimum standards. These would include a 24 hour response service for those in crisis. Dr Alistair Riddell, chairman of the BMA's community care committee, said: “We support community care, but it should not be a cheap option, and there are a number of deficiencies. It is totally unsatisfactory that you can get patients in an acute medical state into hospital but when you get people who don't easily fit into one slot - for instance, in the area of mental health - it's not so easy. It's no use just having a helpline; we need to coordinate action.”

The charter being suggested would also include provision within mental health services for a sanctuary or asylum for those who request it. This was also recommended by the inquiry team that looked at the case of Christopher Clunis, a schizophrenic patient who stabbed and killed a man. The policy director of MIND, Liz Sayce, said: “What is clear from the Clunis case is that he was looking for help and not finding it. Most of these people are looking for help and not finding it. It is missing the point simply to introduce new legal powers.” MIND is calling for an injection of …
Red blood cell: barometer of cardiovascular health?
Authors: Carlo A.J.M. Gaillard, Raymond M. Schiffelers
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This editorial refers to ‘Suicidal erythrocyte death, eryptosis, as a novel mechanism in heart failure-associated anaemia’ by Mahmud et al ., pp. 37–46, this issue. 

Anaemia is an important risk factor in a number of conditions, including heart failure.1 The fact that not only the absolute haemoglobin level but also the change in haemoglobin level over time is related to outcome emphasizes the importance of the underlying mechanism leading to anaemia.1 Often anaemia is ascribed to reduced sensitivity of erythroid progenitors to erythropoietin,2 or bone marrow suppression by inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-6.3 This focus on the production site may be prompted by the seemingly inert nature of the mature red blood cell. Mature red blood cells lack a nucleus and over 95% of their protein cargo consists of haemoglobin. The lack of a nucleus leaves little room to respond to changes in the environment by adjusting cell composition and the vast quantity of haemoglobin appears to underline that gas transport is the sole task of the red blood cell. However, specific properties of the circulating red cell, such as red cell distribution width, a measure of anisocytosis, are associated with outcome, independently of …
Depression and the menopause.
Authors: D Gath, S Iles
Journal: BMJ (1990)

now outmoded, and both compressor driven and ultrasonic nebulisers are bulky and cumbersome.Dry powder inhalers may provide the answer; the original powder inhalers (Spinhaler and Rotahaler) have the inconvenience that a gelatine capsule containing the drug powder has to be loaded before use, but two new multidose powder inhalers (Diskhaler and Turbohaler) have recently been introduced.The Diskhaler contains eight doses of either salbutamol or beclomethasone dipropionate, while the Turbohaler (known as Turbuhaler in other countries) contains 200 metered doses of terbutaline sulphate in the manner of a metered dose inhaler but without additives of any kind.4The topical corticosteroid budesonide is available from Turbuhaler in some European countries.Powder inhalers have the further merit that they are breath-actuated and can be used satisfactorily by patients who cannot use a metered dose inhaler correctly.Turbohaler, Diskhaler, and other future multidose powder inhalers may provide one key to treating asthma in the coming decades.
Simultaneous Infusion of Vasopressin Into Two Arteries Control of Massive Colonic Hemorrhage
Authors: Robert A. Kubicka
Journal: JAMA (1979)

ACUTE massive colonic hemorrhage is a major catastrophe requiring immediate diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Once localization of the bleeding site is achieved by angiography, the initial method of treatment in many cases is selective infusion of vasopressin into the vessel that supplies the bleeding site.<sup>1,2</sup>However, failures with this method may occur, particularly in areas of the bowel that derive their blood supply from multiple vessels.<sup>2,3</sup> We describe a case of massive postoperative colonic hemorrhage owing to a fistulous communication between a subphrenic abscess cavity and the distal transverse colon. Vasopressin infusion into both the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries was necessary to control the bleeding. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 40-year-old man who entered the hospital for routine repair of a hiatal hernia became febrile shortly after the operation. By the fifth hospital day he was spiking a temperature up to 40 °C. Symptoms slowly developed that
Contamination of Streptomycin Solutions with Resistant Bacteria
Authors: J. H. Thomas, J. Marks
Journal: BMJ (1954)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA mrDIrAL 87 on the left side.Arterial pulsation could be felt above the inguinal ligament but not below this level; the left femoral artery could be felt pulsating for a short distance below the inguinal ligament.It was impossible to detect pulsation in either popliteal fossae or at any point below this level.
Expression of allergen mimotopes as fusion proteins linked to the albumin binding protein (ABP) of streptococcal protein G and their immunological properties
Authors: Brigitte Hantusch, Erika Ganglberger, Isabella Schoell, Sigrid Baumann, Mark Suter, George Boltz-Nitulescu, Otto Scheiner, Erika Jensen-Jarolim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Eclampsia still kills
Authors: C W G Redman
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Detecting and managing imminent eclampsia are important skills for practitioners even though eclampsia rarely is a complication of pregnancy.  Eclampsia exhibits grand mal convulsions preeclampsia does not.  In Britain the incidence of eclampsia is estimated at less than 1/1000 deliveries; in the Western world (including the US) the Nordic countries and England and Wales eclampsia and preeclampsia are the most important obstetric causes of maternal mortality.  Cerebral hemorrhage is the lethal result in 50-60% of cases.  Eclampsia usually occurs in the 2nd half of pregnancy toward the end of term; the convulsions in half the cases begin before labor.  The cause is unknown.  Clinical features include proteinuria renal impairment and disseminated intravascular coagulation.  It probably is a form of hypertensive encephalopathy an acute or subacute syndrome of diffuse cerebral dysfunction that is not from uremia and that is reversed by treating the raised arterial pressure.  Eclampsia and hypertensive encephalopathy have the common features of headaches vomiting and convulsions and the complication of cortical blindness.  Cerebral edema is seen inconsistently.  Those who die have significantly higher blood pressures than those who survive but not more proteinuria or worse renal function.  Equal numbers of deaths occur from eclampsia and preeclampsia.  It is a disease of young women having 1st babies but the older and parous women die.  Consider any woman to have the disease if she has a blood pressure of 140/90 or more and proteinuria of 1+ or more (dipstick) or if she has headaches and vomiting in 2nd half of pregnancy.  Immediate admittance to the hospital is recommended for renal function (plasma urea creatinine) studies platelet count and hepatic function (plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity) studies.  Cure depends on elective delivery.
Suicide mortality in India: a nationally representative survey
Authors: Rajesh Dikshit, Prakash C Gupta, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, Vendhan Gajalakshmi, Lukasz Aleksandrowicz, Rajendra Badwe, Rajesh Kumar, Sandip Roy, Wilson Suraweera, Freddie Bray, Mohandas Mallath, Poonam K Singh, Dhirendra N Sinha, Arun S Shet, Hellen Gelband, Prabhat Jha
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Acute Inhibition of Myoglobin Impairs Contractility and Energy State of iNOS-Overexpressing Hearts
Authors: Carsten Wunderlich, Ulrich Flögel, Axel Gödecke, Jacqueline Heger, Jürgen Schrader
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Elevated cardiac levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) have been implicated in the development of heart failure. The surprisingly benign phenotype of recently generated mice with cardiac-specific iNOS overexpression (TGiNOS) provided the rationale to investigate whether NO scavenging by oxymyoglobin (MbO2) yielding nitrate and metmyoglobin (metMb) is involved in preservation of myocardial function in TGiNOS mice. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor changes of cardiac myoglobin (Mb) metabolism in isolated hearts of wild-type (WT) and TGiNOS mice. NO formation by iNOS resulted in a significant decrease of the MbO2 signal and a concomitantly emerging metMb signal in spectra of TGiNOS hearts only (DeltaMbO2: -46.3+/-38.4 micromol/kg, DeltametMb: +41.4+/-17.6 micromol/kg, n=6; P<0.05) leaving contractility and energetics unaffected. Inhibition of the Mb-mediated NO degradation by carbon monoxide (20%) led to a deterioration of myocardial contractility in TGiNOS hearts (left ventricular developed pressure: 78.2+/-8.2% versus 96.7+/-4.6% of baseline, n=6; P<0.005), which was associated with a profound pertubation of cardiac energy state as assessed by 31P NMR spectroscopy (eg, phosphocreatine: 13.3+/-1.3 mmol/L (TGiNOS) versus 15.9+/-0.7 mmol/L (WT), n=6; P<0.005). These alterations could be fully antagonized by the NOS inhibitor S-ethylisothiourea. Our findings demonstrate that myoglobin serves as an important cytoplasmic buffer of iNOS-derived NO, which determines the functional consequences of iNOS overexpression.
TCT-55 Outcomes of Transfemoral Bivalirudin are Equivalent to Transradial PCI. "Old Dogs Don't Need to Learn New Tricks"
Authors: Sundeep Adusumalli, Gregory Harris, Arjun Chagarlamudi, Gary M. Nash, Adeel Siddiqui, Nikhil Paladugu, Ramesh B. Daggubati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
New marrow transplant technique aids some cancers
Authors: Mitchel L. Zoler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Various groups in the United States and Europe are now performing bone marrow transplants using tissue whose undesirable components have been reduced in number immunologically so as to avert leukemia recurrence or graft-<i>v</i>-host disease (GVHD). Transplantation of bone marrow is an established technique in the hematologic restoration of patients with aplastic anemia (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1132-1139,<i>Br Med J</i>1982;285:835-837), certain leukemias (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1981;245:2484-2485), and some other disorders who have undergone marrow-ablative therapy. Until recently, however, the only possible donor in such a case was a sibling whose tissue was immunologically compatible with the patient's. According to Rainer Storb, MD, of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, only 25% to 40% of all patients have such siblings. But "with the advent of monoclonal antibodies" in the late 1970s, explains Roy Weiner, MD, director of the medical oncology program at the University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, autologous
British boy receives trachea transplant built with his own stem cells
Authors: J. Laurance
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 10 year old British boy has become the first child in the world to receive a transplanted organ that is being rebuilt inside his body using his own stem cells.

Doctors hailed the surgery as a milestone in the development of regenerative medicine, bringing closer the prospect of replacing damaged or worn-out organs with functioning replacements that are not rejected by the body or of treating damaged organs in situ with stem cells to stimulate self repair.

The nine hour operation was carried out at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, last week by a British and Italian team of specialists. Doctors said that the boy, who has not been identified, was out of bed, breathing freely and speaking.

Martin Birchall, a specialist in regenerative medicine at …
Stem Cells — Scientific, Medical, and Political Issues
Authors: Irving L Weissman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

It is rare that a scientific subject causes controversy not only among scientists but also among politicians and the public. Stem-cell biology is such a subject. The media reports new claims as soon as (or before) they appear in the scientific literature or are presented at scientific meetings. Talk-show hosts present their views, and both Congress and the executive branch follow with policy initiatives. But in its present state, there is little certitude in the science of stem cells, and the hard facts are emerging slowly. It is important for the public and policy makers to understand the fundamentals of . . .
A CLASSIFICATION OF NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Ralph A. Kinsella, Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. No connection can be demonstrated between grouping of non-hemolytic streptococci based upon fermentation reactions, and grouping based upon immunological reactions. 2. A classification of non-hemolytic streptococci can be effected by studying the complement fixation reactions between the streptococci and their antisera. 3. The arrangement of the streptococci in such a classification depends on the fact that two diverse elements are present in the group. Some strains partake entirely of one of these elements, some entirely of the other, while other strains partake of both. 4. The arrangement is further determined by the fact that among the strains composed of one element there are differences in complexity, some strains being made up of many molecules or features, others having much simpler structure. This gives rise to an inverse ratio between the fixing capacity of a serum and the capacity of the corresponding antigen to be fixed.
MEASUREMENT OF THE GROWTH OF TISSUES IN VITRO
Authors: Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

1. A technique has been developed by which two fragments of tissue, put in identical media, can grow at almost the same rate. 2. A method of measuring the growing tissue is described. 3. The differences observed in the rate of growth of two fragments of the 9 year old strain of connective tissue, cultivated in identical media and measured according to this technique, are less than 10 per cent.
is color perception really categorical?
Authors: mohan matthen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

are color categories the evolutionary product of their usefulness in communication, or is this an accidental benefit they give us? it is argued here that embodiment constraints on color categorization suggest that communication is an add-on at best. thus, the steels &amp; belpaeme (s&amp;b) model may be important in explaining coordination, but only at the margin. furthermore, the concentration on discrimination is questionable: coclassification is at least as important.
Routine colonic lavage is unnecessary for double-contrast barium enema in outpatients
Authors: G. De Lacey, M. Benson, R. Wilkins, J. Spencer, B. Cramer
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Four different cleansing regimens were assessed in a prospective survey of 435 patients referred for barium enema. A regimen using simple dietary instructions and laxatives is as effective as a preliminary cleansing enema. It is suggested that routine cleansing enemas in outpatients represent an unnecessary and uncomfortable ritual that might usefully be abandoned.
Tough at the top
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Only about 4% of the fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons are women. Yet in what has been described as a “world first for a woman” the college has elected Anne Kolbe as its president. Has she finally smashed through the glass ceiling in surgery? 

She is dogged, forthright, warm, and inclusive, loves a good laugh over a card or board game, and is an organised, clear thinker who is proud to put her family ahead of her many professional roles.

That is how colleagues, friends, and family describe Anne Kolbe, who last year became president of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons at a particularly difficult time in its history.

Not only is there an increasing shortage of surgeons and a struggle with the government over medical indemnity, but the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission wants reforms of the college's training and selection processes.

So the decision to elect someone who does not fit the traditional “boys' club” mould is an interesting one.

Kolbe, 52, is a paediatric surgeon and health services manager from Auckland, New Zealand. …
The prevalence of accentuated palmoplantar markings and keratosis pilaris in atopic dermatitis, autosomal dominant ichthyosis and control dermatological patients
Authors: B. MEVORAH, A. MARAZZI, E. FRENK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

The prevalence of keratosis pilaris and accentuated palmoplantar marking was evaluated in 61 patients with atopic dermatitis, 35 patients with dominant ichthyosis vulgaris and 247 other dermatological cases taken as controls. Our data showed that (1) these features are of no diagnostic significance for atopic dermatitis and (2) they are significantly more frequent in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris without associated eczema than in those with atopic dermatitis. Consequently, they should be considered as part of the phenotype of ichthyosis vulgaris rather than attributed to a concomitant atopic dermatitis as suggested by some. These findings should be taken into account when evaluating atopic dermatitis or ichthyosis. To assess the frequency of scaling under winter weather conditions, 155 control subjects were also examined for evidence of visible desquamation and 25.8% showed slight but definite scaling.
US debates health insurance for millions of children
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The UK government has announced a review of the NHS in a bid to ensure that clinical priorities and local accountability are paramount in the health service's day to day operations.The health secretary, Alan Johnson, has asked the junior health minister and surgeon Sir Ara Darzi to lead the review and to consult widely with patients and staff.The move is widely seen as a bid to mend relationships with health professionals, many of whom feel aggrieved by a decade of nonstop NHS reforms.Mr Johnson said that providing more accessible and convenient care for patients; achieving better value for money; and ensuring that people with long term illness were "treated with dignity in safe, clean environments" were all key areas that the review would look at.He also announced an extra £50m (€74m; $100m) to fight hospital acquired infections.Mr Johnson said, "The past 10 years have seen huge improvements in the NHS, and thanks to record investment and measures to raise standards, nine out of 10 patients rate their care as good to excellent."He added, "What was right for the last decade-top down targets and important but sometimes difficult reforms-will not be right for the next, where more local decision making and staff empowerment need to drive the NHS."He said that the review could result in an NHS constitution that sets out its values and lines of accountability.The full report will be published in June 2008.An interim assessment in autumn 2007 will inform the next comprehensive spending review.Gill Morgan, chief executive of the NHS Confederation, said, "We hope that this is not just another review but a genuine exercise in listening and understanding where the service has got to and where it needs to go.The opportunity to re-engage staff with the NHS reform programme is too important to be missed.