tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Classifying Depression: Should Paradigms Lost Be Regained?
Authors: Gordon Parker
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Classification of the depressive disorders has long been controversial. The dominant current model is unitarian, with disorders largely distinguished on the basis of severity. Both the unitarian and the contrasting binarian views (of two principal types) have proved to be unsatisfactory. The binarian model’s procrustean requirements are too inflexible to address the evident heterogeneity contributed to by clinical manifestations and underlying personality features. METHOD: This article briefly reviews the historically favored unitarian and binarian viewpoints on classification of depression. RESULTS: The author argues that the “final common pathway” model, articulated in the early 1970s, helped to cement psychiatric classification in subsequent DSM and ICD revisions into a unitarian framework, leading to a relatively sterile period of depression research. Clinically described depressive typologies were obscured rather than refined by appropriate modeling paradigms. A contrasting, empirically based hierarchical model, driven by disorder-specific clinical manifestations such as psychotic features and observable psychomotor disturbance, is proposed as a paradigm for distinguishing psychotic, melancholic, and nonmelancholic classes of depression, while a spectrum model is favored for distinguishing the principal nonmelancholic subclasses. CONCLUSIONS: Resolution of the better paradigm requires that the two models undergo comparative testing in applied studies, particularly ones pursuing neurobiological determinants and differential responses to antidepressant treatments.
Hb Florida: A novel elongated C‐terminal β‐globin variant causing dominant β‐thalassemia phenotype
Authors: B.I. Weinstein, B. Erramouspe, D.M. Albuquerque, D.M. Oliveira, E.M. Kimura, F.F. Costa, M.F. Sonati
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract We report here a new frameshift mutation in exon 3 of the β‐globin gene, a single nucleotide deletion (‐C) in between codons 140/141 (G CC / C TG→G CC /TG), found in an 8‐year‐old Argentinean girl with clinical picture of thalassemia intermedia. It leads to a β‐chain that is elongated to 156 amino acids [(141)Trp‐Pro‐Thr‐Ser‐Ile‐Thr‐Lys‐Leu‐Ala‐Phe‐Leu‐Leu‐Ser‐Asn‐Phe‐(156)Tyr‐COOH]. The resulting hemoglobin, which we named Hb Florida, was not detected in peripheral blood; however, erythroid hyperplasia and dyserythropoiesis with large inclusion bodies on methyl violet staining were observed in bone marrow, suggesting that this is a hyperunstable variant producing a dominant β‐thalassemia phenotype, since the other β‐allele was completely normal. Am. J. Hematol. 81:358–360, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ERYTHEMA ANNULARE CENTRIFUGUM DUE TO CANDIDA ALBICANS.
Authors: W. B. SHELLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article ERYTHEMA ANNULARE CENTRIFUGUM DUE TO CANDIDA ALBICANS. Get access W. B. SHELLEY W. B. SHELLEY Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Philadelphia 4, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 7, 1 July 1965, Pages 383–384, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14665.x Published: 01 July 1965
P152 The Impact of a Selective oral TRPV1 Antagonist in Patients with Chronic Cough
Authors: JA Smith, RD Murdoch, A Newlands, K Smart, S Khalid, A Kelsall, K Holt, R Dockry, A Woodcock
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Increased expression of TRPV1 receptors in the airways of chronic cough patients and heightened cough responses to inhaled capsaicin are suggestive of a role for TRPV1 receptors in chronic cough. We hypothesised that antagonism with a potent, selective, peripherally acting, oral TRPV1 antagonist, such as SB705498, would offer substantial cough symptom control. <h3>Methods</h3> 21 patients with unexplained chronic cough (caucasian, 71% female, mean age 53yrs) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single dose, 2-period, crossover study to investigate the relationship between pharmacokinetic (PK) derived TRPV1 receptor occupancy, change in capsaicin (C5) threshold and 24hr cough count following 600mg SB705498. PK samples were taken over the dosing interval, capsaicin threshold was determined at screening, 2hrs (Cmax) and 24hrs post-dose and 24hr objective ambulatory cough counts were recorded on each dosing day via a cough monitor (vitaloJAK™) with manual counting. In addition, CQLQ and VAS urge to cough was measured. A battery of safety and tolerability measures were also recorded, including core body temperature. <h3>Results</h3> TRPV1 receptor occupancy derived from plasma levels and factoring a plasma/lung ratio of 1, was approximately 45% at 2hrs and 25% at 24hrs. This translated to a 4 fold shift in the capsaicin C5 threshold at 2hrs (2uM to 8uM) maintained at 24hrs. However, there was no difference between hourly cough count profiles between placebo and SB705498 (see figure), with hourly counts of 20–30c/h and the characteristic nocturnal reduction. Cough counts were remarkably stable, repeated one month apart and over the 8 months of the study (including winter). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We conclude that despite a clear relationship between receptor occupancy and engagement of the TRPV1 receptor as evidenced by the shift in the capsaicin threshold, there was no translation to any clinical efficacy parameter. This suggests peripheral TRPV1 receptor activation is not an important determinant of spontaneous cough frequency in chronic cough and that reductions in capsaicin responses do not necessarily predict anti-tussive effects.
Transcriptomics and Proteomics in the Study of H1N1 2009
Authors: Lijun Zhang, Xiaojun Zhang, Qing Ma, Fang Ma, Honghao Zhou
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Abstract Influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009, a new swine-origin influenza A virus, has been spread worldwidely and caused great public fear. High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics methods are now being used to identify H1N1 and H1N1-host interaction. This article reviews recent transcriptomics and proteomics research in H1N1 diagnosis, treatment, and H1N1 virus-host interaction, to offer some help for further understanding the infection mechanism and controlling H1N1 transmission.
Is Tobacco Disreputable?
Authors: John A. McKinna
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Philadelphia, Pa., April 10, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In an article in theJournalof April 1, Dr. Matthew Woods discusses "Some of the Minor Immoralities of the Tobacco Habit." The title is a misnomer, for according to Dr. Woods there are no minor immoralities connected with the subject. The weed itself, he says, "has been ignominiously expelled from the pharmacopea of every civilized land," because of its uselessness and danger. Indulgence in its use he characterizes as vicious, shameless and depraved. Much of what Dr. Woods has written in this address reads like an old-fashioned explosion on the evils of the "rum" habit, but he is careful to make it clear that he would not be so severe on alcoholism, for after arraying what he regards as the evils and immoralities of the indulgence in tobacco, he says with a clearness that is pointed and emphatic, that these charges
Case Studies in Genes and Disease: A Primer for Clinicians
Authors: Linda Pinsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 September 2004Case Studies in Genes and Disease: A Primer for CliniciansLinda Pinsky, MDLinda Pinsky, MDFrom University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-5-200409070-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bergeron B. 226 pages. Philadelphia: American Coll of Physicians; 2004. $33.00. ISBN: 193051350X. Order phone 800-523-1546.Field of medicine: Genetics.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians.Purpose: To clarify how the human genome works and what advances in patient care may result.Content: The book is divided into 2 sections: technology and the sociopolitical arena. The first 5 chapters look at the technology of genetics, including fundamental molecular human biology, experimental methods, the relationship of genes and disease, and bioinformatics. The next 4 chapters cover topics such as designing humans, genetically modified foods, the "dark side" of genetics (including ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 September 2004Volume 141, Issue 5Page: 412KeywordsBioinformaticsChromosomal diseasesForecastingGenetic diseasesGeneticsHealth information technologyMolecular biologyPrimary care physiciansSoftware toolsSurgery ePublished: 7 September 2004 Issue Published: 7 September 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
On-target off-tumor toxicity; when enhancing an NKG2D-based CAR in vitro led to severe toxicities in vivo
Authors: Heather VanSeggelen, Joanne A Hammill, Daniela GM Tantalo, Carole Evelegh, Galina F Denisova, Brian Rabinovich, Jacek M Kwiecien, Jonathan L Bramson
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Engineering T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has emerged as a promising approach to adoptive T cell therapy for cancer. We have been studying CARs that employ the ligand-binding domain of the NKG2D receptor to target tumors. NKG2D ligand expression is increased on
EFFECTS OF BOSENTAN ON PEAK OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, HEMODYNAMICS AND FUNCTIONAL CLASS IN FONTAN PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO CONTROLLED, DOUBLE BLIND STUDY
Authors: Anders Hedeboe Hebert, Ulla R. Mikkelsen, Ulf Thilen, Lars Idorn, Annette S. Jensen, Edit Nagy, Katarina Hanseus, Keld E. Sorensen, Lars Sondergaard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder
Authors: L B Jacobsberg, P Hymowitz, A Barasch, A J Frances
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors examined the symptoms of 35 patients with schizotypal personality disorder. In contrast to the suggestion, based on studies of nonclinical, familial samples, that patients with schizotypal disorder are best characterized by the negative symptoms of social isolation and impaired functioning, they found that the positive symptoms of odd communication, ideas of reference, magical thinking, and illusions were equally valid discriminators of their clinically based group of patients. The findings argue against the idea that schizotypal personality disorder be redefined in the revision of DSM-III (DSM-III-R) to emphasize negative symptoms and suggest that clinical samples of schizotypal patients may differ from familial samples.
Surgical Approach to the Ophthalmopathy of Graves' Disease
Authors: Joseph Ogura
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Steven Raffin, Senior Assistant Resident in Medicine, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Assistant in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 35-year-old white woman was hospitalized with a nine-month history of progressive "eye swelling," visual loss bilaterally, and frontal headaches. One year prior to admission, the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism had been established and subtotal thyroidectomy performed. The patient had been followed up subsequently in the outpatient clinic and continued to maintain the post-operative euthyroid state without supplemental thyroid medication. The most recent serum protein-bound iodine value, obtained one week prior to admission, was 4.5 μg/100 ml. Physical examination revealed a well-developed woman in moderate distress. The blood pressure was 178/120 mm Hg; pulse rate was 76 beats per minute and regular, and respiratory rate was 18 per minute. The most striking findings were severe, bilateral papilledema, corneal ulcerations, proptosis, conjunctival edema, and chemosis (Fig 1,<i>right</i>). Also apparent
Two thirds of hospital staff think their training in dementia is inadequate
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Many hospitals in England and Wales are failing to care adequately for people with dementia, says the Royal College of Psychiatrists after an audit.

Its national audit of 210 hospitals has identified the need for “significant improvements,” including better training of staff in catering to patients’ needs.

Although it found that care was basically safe, too many patients with dementia endure distress in unfamiliar environments without sufficient help or communication.

The research, for the first audit of its kind, included questionnaires to 2211 staff, analysis of ward data, and observations of care by hospital staff.

It found that staff often failed to greet or talk to patients during care, explain choices to them, or in some cases respond to patients’ requests for help.

Peter Crome, chairman of …
When to Let Go
Authors: Thomas P. Duffy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The step-by-step process of clinical problem-solving is the subject of this new Journal feature. The author presents information about a real patient (boldface type) to an expert clinician in stages to simulate the way such information emerges in everyday clinical practice. The clinician responds (regular type) as each piece of information is presented, sharing his or her reasoning extemporaneously with the reader. The author's commentary on the process follows. A 53-year-old married man, the father of one son, has been admitted for the treatment of recurrent acute leukemia. His illness was diagnosed four years earlier and was initially treated successfully . . .
The specificity of interferon- -based blood tests in the identification of latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: C. Granger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

To the Editors: 

I have read with interest several papers describing the use of cellular interferon (IFN)-γ-based blood tests, including the editorial by Davies and Drobniewski 1. Whilst reviewing the study by Lee et al. 2, Davies and Drobniewski 1 indicate that the T-SPOT. TB assay has higher sensitivity than QuantiFERON-TB Gold, but that the QuantiFERON-TB Gold may have better specificity.

I do not agree with this tentative conclusion as the study by Lee et al. 2 does not report the true specificity of the two tests, as the control group of 15- and 16-yr-old students used to examine the specificity of the assays, although healthy, had a defined risk of existing tuberculosis (TB) infection. This was acknowledged by Lee et …
Outcome of chronic delta hepatitis in Italy: A long-term cohort study
Authors: Grazia Anna Niro, Antonina Smedile, Antonio Massimo Ippolito, Alessia Ciancio, Rosanna Fontana, Antonella Olivero, Maria Rosa Valvano, Maria Lorena Abate, Domenica Gioffreda, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Mario Rizzetto, Angelo Andriulli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
DETERMINATION AND INTERPRETATION OF CHANGES IN LUNG VOLUMES IN CERTAIN HEART LESIONS
Authors: CHRISTEN LUNDSGAARD
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The development of the pathology of the circulation is one of the most interesting chapters in the history of medical science, first, because the diseases of the heart always have attracted the attention of many of the foremost clinicians; secondly, because the relation between the clinical studies of these diseases and the more fundamental medical sciences early became very intimate, and, thirdly because disturbances in the circulation usually do not remain confined to the circulatory organs. When disturbancein the function of the heart or, as we now know, in the function also of the capillaries reaches a certain intensity, changes in other organs (such as the lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys and subcutaneous tissue) occur. Such remote disturbances may be brought about in different ways, and may assume different characteristic features. They may in their very beginning remain confined to the vascular part of the organs. However, if the stasis lasts
An Operation for Displaced Semilunar Cartilage
Authors: T. Annandale
Journal: BMJ (1885)

NbTh.-Since, writing the abode,6 F.h6SiibdcbA1j4ihithTa4owA'`of February 7th, a letter from Drn F. iSitnt oh'th;httm Ia 1 tise of er- manganate of potash.hi regard to the stdtetnbit thst thig drig, "adininistered in tablets of the Atngth'of4he 'gtaisiges rse' at onee to ulceration of the kpartS it 6 nbAi §i ebntaetlWith,'-" I'4 hahd, no experience of any such effects; nor have I ever iiiid y aym- ptoms of gastric or intestinal irritation produced even after three to six graiihs ltve kbeen taxlti 4a,lyfor WQes-ThtjI havp,,Wqu rpsed the drug in tablets, but in 'ills.iThA the latter, it p perly made, should pass uncliaied thtotigh _h6`te'`t 1hdf`htlb iMttstinal canal, must be, it seems §ooie, a very' raro'qcence Kaolin ointment, it may be mentioned is the best excipient for making the pills ; and sacchariire ingredients should be carefully avoided, as being liable to' cause decom'position, an'd e+eAi spbnai;iout1 combeistion.Possibly'this tnay be the -secret of the ea,ltitic action produded by the tlets.J, j ,, ilb \ ; 1';18a!' ,? 'l
Staging investigations and the U.K. guidelines for cutaneous melanoma
Authors: T. Shoaib, R. Dunn, D.S. Soutar
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Sir, We read with interest the recent U.K. guidelines for the management of cutaneous melanoma.1 We are, however, surprised at some of the recommendations. The recommendation for a 1–2 cm excision margin in the 1–2 mm tumour thickness group has level 1, grade A evidence. We believe that this is still controversial. The 1991 World Health Organization Melanoma Group study by Veronesi and Cascinelli conducted a prospective randomized trial including 612 patients with stage I cutaneous melanoma not greater than 2 mm in thickness comparing 1 cm vs. 3 cm excision margins. They noted increased local recurrence in the narrow excision margin group.2, 3 It is also unclear how one should decide whether to use a 1 or a 2‐cm excision margin in this group. Perhaps the most worrying recommendation in the new guidelines is that patients with disease stage IIB and over have the following staging investigations: chest X‐ray (CXR); liver ultrasound or computed tomographic (CT) scan with contrast of chest, abdomen and/or pelvis; liver function tests/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and full blood count. No reference is given to justify these investigations, which have significant resource implications, and there is good evidence to question their value.
Adverse effects and complications of treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist drugs
Authors: R. Michael Sly, John A. Anderson, C. Warren Bierman, Paul Chervinsky, Frederick C. Cogen, James G. Easton, Israel Glazer, James P. Kemp, Allan Knight, Richard A. Krumholz, Richard A. Nicklas, Burton M. Rudolph, Diane E. Schuller, Allen T. Segal, R. Michael Sly, Stanley J. Szefler, Michael J. Welch, Ned J. Whitcomb, Minoru Yamate
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1985)
Inhibition by propionyl-coenzyme A of N-acetylglutamate synthetase in rat liver mitochondria. A possible explanation for hyperammonemia in propionic and methylmalonic acidemia.
Authors: F X Coude, L Sweetman, W L Nyhan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

In the search for the mechanism by which hyperammonemia complicates propionic and methylmalonic acidemia the effects of a series of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) derivatives were studied on the activity of N-acetylglutamate synthetase in rat liver mitochondria using acetyl-CoA as substrate. Propionyl-CoA was found to be a competitive inhibitor. The inhibition constant of 0.71 mM is in the range of concentrations of propionate found in the serum of patients with propionic and methylmalonic acidemia. Propionyl-CoA was also found to be a substrate for N-acetylglutamate synthetase, forming N-propionylglutamate. This compound was a weak activator of rat liver carbamoylphosphate synthetase; the activation constant was 1.1 mM as compared with 0.12 mM for N-acetylglutamate. A decreased level of N-acetylglutamate in liver mitochondria that would follow inhibition of N-acetylglutamate synthetase by propionyl-CoA would be expected to lead to hyperammonemia. Methylmalonyl-CoA, tiglyl-CoA, and isovaleryl-CoA at a concentration of 3 mM caused 30-70% inhibition of N-acetylglutamate synthetase. 3the latter two compounds are readily detoxified by the formation of N-acylglycine conjugates in liver, which may prevent large accumulations and could explain why hyperammonemia is not characteristic of patients with beta-ketothiolase deficiency or isovaleric acidemia in whom these compounds would be expected to be elevated.
TCT-706 Dedicated Bifurcation Optimization Stent System BiOSS in Distal Left Main bifurcation stenosis – First-in-Human Results: Data from BIOSS Registry (Poland and Bulgaria)
Authors: Dobrin Vassilev, Alexander Alexandrov, Robert Gil, Slawomir Golebiewski, Tomasz Kulawik, Piotr Kwiatkowski, Hristo Mateev, Pavlin Pavlov, Milena Pehlivanova
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Redefining endothelial progenitor cells via clonal analysis and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell principals
Authors: Mervin C. Yoder, Laura E. Mead, Daniel Prater, Theresa R. Krier, Karim N. Mroueh, Fang Li, Rachel Krasich, Constance J. Temm, Josef T. Prchal, David A. Ingram
Journal: Blood (2006)
Health and Function of Patients With Untreated Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Stuart L. Weinstein, Lori A. Dolan, Kevin F. Spratt, Kirk K. Peterson, Mark J. Spoonamore, Ignacio V. Ponseti
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> Previous long-term studies of idiopathic scoliosis have included patients with other etiologies, leading to the erroneous conclusion that all types of idiopathic scoliosis inevitably end in disability. Late-onset idiopathic scoliosis (LIS) is a distinct entity with a unique natural history. <h3>Objective</h3> To present the outcomes related to health and function in untreated patients with LIS. <h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3> Prospective natural history study performed at a midwestern university with outpatient evaluation of patients who presented between 1932 and 1948. At 50-year follow-up, which began in 1992, 117 untreated patients were compared with 62 age- and sex-matched volunteers. The patients' mean age was 66 years (range, 54-80 years). <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Mortality, back pain, pulmonary symptoms, general function, depression, and body image. <h3>Results</h3> The estimated probability of survival was approximately 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.63) compared with 0.57 expected for the general population. There was no significant difference in the demographic characteristics of the 2 groups. Twenty-two (22%) of 98 patients complained of shortness of breath during everyday activities compared with 8 (15%) of 53 controls. An increased risk of shortness of breath was also associated with the combination of a Cobb angle greater than 80° and a thoracic apex (adjusted odds ratio, 9.75; 95% CI, 1.15-82.98). Sixty-six (61%) of 109 patients reported chronic back pain compared with 22 (35%) of 62 controls (<i>P</i>= .003). However, of those with pain, 48 (68%) of 71 patients and 12 (71%) of 17 controls reported only little or moderate back pain. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Untreated adults with LIS are productive and functional at a high level at 50-year follow-up. Untreated LIS causes little physical impairment other than back pain and cosmetic concerns.