tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exhaled Nitric Oxide following Leukotriene E<sub>4</sub> and Methacholine Inhalation in Patients with Asthma
Authors: AARON DEYKIN, OLGA BELOSTOTSKY, CHRISTOPHER HONG, ANTHONY F. MASSARO, CRAIG M. LILLY, ELLIOT ISRAEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecular gas that can be recovered in higher levels from the exhaled gas of subjects with asthma than from subjects without asthma. However, the precise mechanisms responsible of promoting increased fraction of expired nitric oxide (FE(NO)) in asthma are unknown. As leukotriene antagonism has been shown to reduce FE(NO) in patients with asthma, we hypothesized that leukotrienes mediate the increased FE(NO) encountered in this condition. Furthermore, because leukotriene antagonism stabilizes serum eosinophil markers during reductions in inhaled corticosteroid doses, and FE(NO) has been shown to correlate with sputum eosinophils in asthma, we reasoned that the effect of leukotrienes on FE(NO) might be mediated by eosinophils recruited to the airway by leukotrienes. To test this hypothesis, we performed methacholine and leukotriene (LT) E(4) bronchoprovocation challenges in 16 subjects with atopic asthma and measured FE(NO) and sputum differential counts before and after bronchoprovocation. We then compared FE(NO) in the seven subjects who developed increased sputum eosinophils following LTE(4) inhalation with values measured after methacholine inhalation in these seven subjects. Following LTE(4) inhalation, eosinophils rose from 4.01 +/- 0.89% pre-LTE(4) to 8.33 +/- 1.52% post-LTE(4). The mean change in sputum eosinophils from baseline after LTE(4) inhalation was larger than that after methacholine inhalation (+4.31 +/- 1.25% versus -1.14 +/- 0.93%). After LTE(4) inhalation, FE(NO) levels did not differ from prechallenge baseline or from levels following methacholine inhalation (ANOVA p > 0.05). These data indicate that neither LTE(4) nor recruitment of eosinophils into the airway by LTE(4) is a sufficient stimulus to acutely increase FE(NO) in subjects with asthma.
Lupus glomerulitis and renal vein thrombosis.
Authors: G S Bridi, R A Frayha
Journal: BMJ (1976)

y-globulin.When more fully characterised there is hope that these factors mnay be useful as adjuvants to conventional inimunosuppressive regimens and may find regular application in the protocol for the treatment of severe rejection rather than being used as a "last-ditch" measure.
High single-drug activity of nelarabine in relapsed T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma offers curative option with subsequent stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nicola Gökbuget, Nadezda Basara, Herrad Baurmann, Joachim Beck, Monika Brüggemann, Helmut Diedrich, Björn Güldenzoph, Gernot Hartung, Heinz-August Horst, Andreas Hüttmann, Guido Kobbe, Ralph Naumann, Richard Ratei, Albrecht Reichle, Hubert Serve, Matthias Stelljes, Andreas Viardot, Mohammed Wattad, Dieter Hoelzer
Journal: Blood (2011)
Involvement of the Serotonin 5-HT <sub>2B</sub> Receptor in Cardiac Hypertrophy Linked to Sympathetic Stimulation
Authors: Fabrice Jaffré, Jacques Callebert, Alexandre Sarre, Nelly Etienne, Canan G. Nebigil, Jean-Marie Launay, Luc Maroteaux, Laurent Monassier
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The serotonergic 5-HT2B receptor regulates cardiomyocyte development and growth. A putative contribution of this receptor to fibroblast-dependent cardiac function has not been identified.By mimicking sympathetic stimulation with chronic isoproterenol perfusion in vivo, we found that mice developed a cardiac hypertrophy, which was prevented by exposure to the 5-HT2B receptor antagonists SB206553 or SB215505 or in 5-HT2B receptor-knockout mice. The isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy was associated with an increase in the plasma levels of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not interleukin-6. In contrast, the plasma isoproterenol-induced cytokine increase was not observed in either 5-HT2B receptor-mutant or wild-type mice perfused with isoproterenol+SB206553. We demonstrated that stimulation of wild-type cardiac fibroblasts by isoproterenol markedly increased the production of the interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokines. Strikingly, we found that this isoproterenol-induced cytokine production was abolished by SB206553 or in 5-HT2B receptor-knockout fibroblasts. Serotonin also stimulated production of the 3 cytokines in wild-type fibroblasts, which was effectively reduced in 5-HT2B receptor-knockout fibroblasts.Our results demonstrate for the first time that 5-HT2B receptors are essential for isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, which involves the regulation of interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine production by cardiac fibroblasts.
Fluidity and Function of Hepatocyte Plasma Membranes
Authors: David Schachter
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

HepatologyVolume 4, Issue 1 p. 140-151 Special ArticlesFree Access Fluidity and Function of Hepatocyte Plasma Membranes David Schachter, Corresponding Author David Schachter Department of Physiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032David Schachter, M.D., Department of Physiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.===Search for more papers by this author David Schachter, Corresponding Author David Schachter Department of Physiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032David Schachter, M.D., Department of Physiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.===Search for more papers by this author First published: January‐February 1984 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840040124Citations: 185AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume4, Issue1January‐February 1984Pages 140-151 ReferencesRelatedInformation
A2.11 Involvement of the Nucleic Acid Recognising Toll-Like Receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in the Pathogenesis of Erosive Arthritis
Authors: Anita Fischer, Christina Böhm, Victoria Saferding, Eliana Goncalves-Alves, Marije Koenders, Wim van den Berg, Sonja Herman, Günter Steiner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> There is substantial evidence that abundant release and/or insufficient removal of endogenous nucleic acids can trigger autoimmune reactions via activation of nucleic acid recognising Toll-like receptors (TLR) such as TLR7 and TLR9, which may lead to the development of SLE and other systemic autoimmune diseases. However, in RA the involvement of these TLRs is less well understood. Interestingly, in rats with pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) disease can be transferred by T cells together with antigen-presenting-cells pre-activated with TLR7 or TLR9 agonists (Hoffmann <i>et al</i>, J Autoimmunity 2011; 36: 288–300). <h3>Objective</h3> We aimed to study the role of TLR7 and TLR9 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory erosive arthritis by antagonising them in PIA and the KRN serum transfer model. <h3>Methods</h3> Arthritis was induced in rats with the mineral oil pristane, and in C57Bl/6 mice by injection of KRN serum. Immunoregulatory oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) sequences (IRS) antagonising TLR7 or TLR9 were applied either subcutaneously (PIA) or intra-peritoneally (KRN). A non-inhibitory ODN was used as control and PBS served as placebo. Arthritis was scored using established scoring systems, inflammation and bone erosion were quantitatively analysed by histology. Serum and cell culture cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> While the TLR7 inhibitor and the control ODN showed no effect on arthritis development and severity, the TLR9 antagonist reduced arthritis severity significantly in PIA. Bone erosion was almost completely abolished, whereas it was moderately aggravated in animals treated with the TLR7 inhibitor. Furthermore, IL-6 serum levels were significantly reduced in animals treated with the TLR9 antagonist. However, these beneficial effects were only observed when the inhibitor was applied before disease onset. Moreover, neither inhibitor affected arthritis onset and severity in the serum transfer model, which is independent of the adaptive immune system. <h3>Summary and Conclusions</h3> Inhibition of TLR9 significantly reduced inflammation and bone erosion in PIA but not in the KRN serum transfer model that reflects the late effector phase of erosive arthritis. Therefore, these results suggest important involvement of the DNA (CpG) recognising TLR9 in the initiation of autoimmune arthritis whereas nucleic acid binding TLRs do not seem to play a major role in the later phases of the disease. Antagonizing TLR9 in human RA may only act beneficial in the earliest phase of the disease.
Influence of total IgE levels on the severity of sting reactions in Hymenoptera venom allergy
Authors: G. J. Sturm, A. Heinemann, C. Schuster, M. Wiednig, A. Groselj‐Strele, E. M. Sturm, W. Aberer
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Detection of specific IgE for Hymenoptera venoms and skin tests are well established diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of insect venom hypersensitivity. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of total IgE levels on the outcome of generalized anaphylactic reactions after a Hymenoptera sting.Two hundred and twenty patients allergic to bee, wasp, or European hornet venom were included in the study. Their specific and total IgE levels, serum tryptase levels, skin tests, and sting history were analyzed.In patients with mild reactions (grade I, generalized skin symptoms) we observed higher total IgE levels (248.0 kU/l) compared to patients with moderate reactions (grade II, moderate pulmonary, cardiovascular, or gastrointestinal symptoms; 75.2 kU/l) and severe reactions (grade III, bronchoconstriction, emesis, anaphylactic shock, or loss of consciousness; 56.5 kU/l; P < 0.001). Accordingly, 25% of the patients with low levels of total IgE (<50 kU/l), but no individual with total IgE levels >250 kU/l, developed loss of consciousness (P = 0.001). Additionally, specific IgE levels were related to total IgE levels: Specific IgE levels increased from 1.6 to 7.1 kU/l in patients with low (<50 kU/l) and high (>250 kU/l) total IgE levels, respectively (P < 0.001). Specific IgE levels correlated inversely to the clinical reaction grades, however, this trend was not statistically significant (P = 0.083).Patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy and high levels (>250 kU/l) of total IgE, predominantly develop grade I and grade II reactions and appear to be protected from grade III reactions. However, this hypothesis should be confirmed by extended studies with sting challenges.
Oral progesterone treatment in chronic obstructive lung disease: failure of voluntary hyperventilation to predict response.
Authors: D A Morrison, A L Goldman
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Previous studies have shown that some patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and hypercapnia will respond to medroxyprogesterone with improvement in arterial blood gases. The exact mechanism of this effect is unclear but it is presumed to be a result of ventilatory stimulation. To determine whether the ability to correct arterial blood gas abnormalities by voluntary hyperventilation would predict a subsequent favourable response to progesterone, we studied 11 subjects with chronic obstructive lung disease and chronic hypercapnia. Five subjects had chronic obstructive lung disease of moderate severity with mean (SE) FEV1 1.8 (0.34) 1 maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) 40.4 (7.16) 1/min-1, arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) 53.8 (2.40 mm Hg, and arterial carbon dioxide tension Paco2) 49.6 (3.91) mm Hg, and were able to normalise their blood gas tensions during voluntary hyperventilation (Pao2 85.4 (8.01) mm Hg; Paco2 32.8 (3.43) mm Hg). Six subjects had severe chronic obstructive lung disease with FEV1 0.77 (0.12) 1, MVV 19 (3.09) 1/min-1, Pao2 60.0 (2.89) mm Hg and Paco2 50.5 (1.38) mm Hg, and they could not significantly alter their blood gases with voluntary hyperventilation (Pao2 62.5 (3.19) mm Hg, Paco2 49.7 (1.84) mm Hg). The groups were similar in age, height, weight, and resting Pao2 and Paco2. Each subject received one month of oral placebo and one month of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera). 20 mg orally thrice daily, given in a randomised, double blind fashion. The groups responded similarly with a significantly higher Pao2 and lower Paco2 while having medroxyprogesterone acetate than while having placebo. Two patients with polycythaemia showed a reduction in haemoglobin concentration while taking progesterone. It is concluded that the response to medroxyprogesterone is not predictable from spirometric or blood gas changes after voluntary hyperventilation.
Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Ann R. Falsey, Maria A. Formica, Patricia A. Hennessey, Mary M. Criddle, Wayne M. Sullender, Edward E. Walsh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Recently, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RNA has been identified by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from a high percentage of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These data raise the possibility of persistent low-grade infection in this population, which could have implications in COPD pathogenesis.Objectives: RSV persistence was investigated by testing respiratory secretions from subjects with COPD during illness and at regular intervals over 1 yr.Methods: Nasal and sputum samples from subjects with COPD were tested by one-tube nested RT-PCR for RSV every 2 mo and during respiratory illnesses for 1 yr. Subjects positive for RSV were evaluated weekly until negative in two consecutive samples. Nasal secretions and serum were tested for RSV antibody. A rise of fourfold or greater was defined as evidence of RSV infection.Results: A total of 112 patients were enrolled and the illnesses of 92 patients were evaluated. RSV was detected by RT-PCR in 6/92 (6.5%) illness nasal samples versus 0/685 routine nasal samples and in 5/69 (7.2%) illness sputum samples versus 3 /315 (0.9%) routine. Four additional RSV infections were identified by serum antibody responses. Of the RSV infections 86% were associated with serum or nasal antibody responses and 73% had symptoms of acute respiratory illness.Conclusions: Most RSV infections in patients with COPD are associated with symptomatic respiratory illnesses and measurable immune responses. Our data do not support the concept of RSV persistence in this population.
961 HYPOXIA INDUCES APELIN RECEPTOR (APJ) EXPRESSION IN A CELL LINE DERIVED FROM HUMAN STELLATE CELLS
Authors: P. Melgar-Lesmes, G. Casals, M. Pauta, J. Ros, V. Reichenbach, R. Bataller, M. Morales-Ruiz, W. Jiménez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Further evidence implicating a cytochrome P-450-mediated reaction in the contractile tension of the lamb ductus arteriosus.
Authors: F Coceani, C A Breen, J G Lees, J R Falck, P M Olley
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The authors have recently provided evidence implicating the cytochrome P-450 system in the generation of contractile tension of the ductus arteriosus. To confirm this possibility, carbon monoxide (CO/O2 ratio, 0.27) and cytochrome P-450 inhibitors [4-phenylimidazole; 14-isocyano,15-(methoxymethyleneoxy)-5Z,8Z,11 Z-eicosatrienoic acid; 9-hydroxyellipticine; alpha-naphthoflavone] were tested on the isolated ductus arteriosus from mature fetal lambs equilibrated at low (4-26 mm Hg) or high (229-694 mm Hg) O2 partial pressure (PO2). Carbon monoxide completely relaxed intact vessel wall preparations and preparations consisting of only the muscle. Carbon monoxide relaxation was reversed by illumination with monochromatic light and the peak for the photoactivated contraction occurred at 450 nm. 4-Phenylimidazole (100 and 1,000 microM) was also a relaxant agent, and its action was manifest at both low and high PO2. Unlike 4-phenylimidazole, the isonitrile compound (5 microM) and 9-hydroxyellipticine (10 and 100 microM) were relaxant only at low PO2 and were also less potent. At the same PO2, alpha-naphthoflavone (10 microM) barely reduced ductal tension. Treatment of the ductus with either a combination of superoxide dismutase (60 or 150 U/ml) and catalase (40 or 1,000 U/ml) or mannitol alone (80 mM) failed to alter the steady-state tone at low PO2 and the contractile response to O2. Arachidonic acid was tested on tissues pretreated with the dual cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor, BW755C (10 microM), and produced a weak relaxation at a concentration of 1 microM or higher. 5,6-Epoxytrienoic acid relaxed the untreated tissue, and its action was abolished by indomethacin (2.8 microM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High Prevalence of Transient Post-Partum Thyrotoxicosis and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Nobuyuki Amino, Hidemitsu Mori, Yoshinori Iwatani, Osamu Tanizawa, Minoru Kawashima, Isao Tsuge, Kenjiro Ibaragi, Yuichi Kumahara, Kiyoshi Miyai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE frequent occurrence of post-partum hypothyroidism associated with endemic goiter was described by Roberton in 1948.1 In general, however, post-partum hypothyroidism is thought to result from hypopituitarism.2 We have found that in Japan transient thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism or transient thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism often occurs after delivery in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.3 , 4 Similar post-partum syndromes have been observed in Canada,5 England,6 and the United States.7 We suggested that the physiologic and immunologic changes associated with gestation might induce post-partum aggravation of autoimmune thyroid diseases, and speculated that a subclinical form of the disease might develop into overt disease after . . .
American Self-Dosage Medicines: An Historical Perspective
Authors: Lester S. ing
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The advertisements for over-thecounter medicines are not what they used to be. Instead of making blatant claims they tell us in modest tones that a given medicine<i>may</i>give<i>temporary</i>relief from<i>minor</i>aches and pains; or perhaps its chief virtue may be that it is mild and that doctors recommend it; or perhaps that it contains more iron and vitamins than a competitor. The appeal of television advertisements, for example, lies not on therapeutic claims but on the stage setting. It was not always so, and the tremendous change did not arise from pure altruism. Rather it came about through social and economic conflicts and a long series of legislative struggles. James Harvey Young, outstanding authority on health quackery in America, has given us a survey of the recent efforts to protect the consumer. The present small volume— lectures given at the University of Kansas—complement and bring up to
Sex Education in Schools— A Polemic
Authors: Collin E. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> What the American public is truly now witnessing is a "well-organized and concerted attack against programs of sex education in the schools," but this does not originate with the American right or concerned parents. The attack originates from the American left and has been well organized and financed through private so-called tax free foundations and the federal government. It has not been the American right which has complained about the existing programs of sex education in the schools. What they have truly complained about, and have bitterly opposed in areas where bitter opposition was called for, was the attempt overnight to change the definition of "sex education in the schools." School district after school district suddenly found itself confronted with an assault on the traditional concept of sex education. Parents, boards of education, and school district administrators were suddenly told that this was passe and that a
Mls is not a single gene, allelic system. Different stimulatory Mls determinants are the products of at least two nonallelic, unlinked genes.
Authors: R Abe, J J Ryan, R J Hodes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Mls determinants share with MHC products the unique property of stimulating T cells at extraordinarily high precursor frequencies. The Mls system was originally described as a single locus on chromosome 1, with four alleles, Mlsa, Mlsb, Mlsc, and Mlsd, that encode polymorphic cell surface structures. However, the fundamental issues of polymorphism and allelism in the Mls system remain controversial. To clarify these questions, a formal segregation analysis of the genes encoding Mlsa and Mlsc determinants was carried out by testing the capacity of spleen cells from progeny of (Mlsa X Mlsc)F1 X Mlsb breedings to stimulate responses by unprimed T cells and by Mlsa- and Mlsc-specific cloned T cells. The results of this analysis indicated that the gene encoding Mlsa determinants is neither allelic to nor linked to the gene encoding Mlsc determinants. Together with previous findings, these results also suggest that another strongly stimulatory type, Mlsd, in fact results from the independent expression of unlinked Mlsa and Mlsc gene products. Based on these observations, it is concluded that, contrary to conventional concepts, the stimulatory phenotypes designated as Mlsa, Mlsc, and Mlsd can be accounted for by the independent expression of the products of at least two unlinked gene loci.
Coronary artery ectasia and Kawasaki syndrome are accurately imaged by magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Sophie Mavrogeni, Emmanouil Papadakis, Athanasios Manginas, Giorgos Papadopoulos, Marouso Douskou, Savas Kaklis, Stefanos Fousas, John Seimenis, Panagiotis Baras, Dennis V. Cokkinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Electrocardiography: Principles and Practice—
Authors: Leo G. Horan
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The introduction to this text is misleading in that it is directed to a wide general audience, from the medical student to the electrocardiographer, and its tone is polemic. The text, however, is a carefully reasoned examination of the assumptions underlying electrocardiographic interpretation and, as such, will largely be meaningful only to those physicians who have concerned themselves with reading and understanding electrocardiograms, but it will be intensely interesting to them. The discussion falls into two major divisions, those chapters dealing mostly with the interpretation of the ventricular complex (1 to 5, 11, and 12) and those dealing with disturbances of rhythm or conduction (6 to 10). One serious fault is noted in the discussion of the ventricular complex. The author designates the assumptions of remoteness and homogeneity underlying the older forms of vectorial electrocardiographic interpretation as the Einthoven theory and Wilson theory. Against them, he cites the many unsound
The Motorcycle Diaries
Authors: C. Pinto
Journal: BMJ (2009)

When he started these diaries in 1952 “Che” was just Ernesto Guevara, a 23 year old Argentinian medical student who knew that what he was writing was “not the tale of impressive deeds but the description of two lives that in a moment in time were together with a common aim.” 

That aim was to travel around South America, initially by motorcycle, with his older friend the biochemist Alberto Granado to learn about leprosy; but Guevara’s experiences in hospitals and clinics across the continent had made him a “different person” by the end of the journey. The book’s many medical references allow the reader to get a sense of the state …