tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ADAM Interactive Anatomy, The Anatomy Project
Authors: Alistair Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2000)

ADAM Software 

Harcourt Brace, £1091.49

ISBN 1 572 45099 1

Debra Hastings-Nield 

Parthenon Publishing, each CD £79.90 (free demonstration CD)

ISBN 185070 9106

Rating: ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4] ![Graphic][5] 

The teaching of anatomy is undergoing something of a revolution. Increasing numbers of medical schools are giving up traditional methods, such as dissection, in favour of student directed or problem based learning. Students are given access to computers as a major source of information, and are given multimedia packages when once they would have been given a cadaver and a scalpel. There is also a heavy demand for anatomical multimedia from postgraduates. This is fuelled partly by a shift in the surgical fellowship exams and a heavy reliance on distance learning, but also by a reduction in anatomy teaching in the undergraduate curriculum. The market for anatomical CD Roms is therefore booming.

ADAM Interactive Anatomy provides …

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Re: Jens J. Rassweiler, Michael Müller, Markus Fangerau, et al. iPad-Assisted Percutaneous Access to the Kidney Using Marker-Based Navigation: Initial Clinical Experience. Eur Urol 2012;61:628–31
Authors: Swarnendu Mandal, Apul Goel, Dheeraj Kumar Gupta
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Comparative effectiveness of renin-angiotensin system blockers and other antihypertensive drugs in patients with diabetes: systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: H.-Y. Wu, J.-W. Huang, H.-J. Lin, W.-C. Liao, Y.-S. Peng, K.-Y. Hung, K.-D. Wu, Y.-K. Tu, K.-L. Chien
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effects of different classes of antihypertensive treatments, including monotherapy and combination therapy, on survival and major renal outcomes in patients with diabetes. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic literature search of PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published up to December 2011. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised clinical trials of antihypertensive therapy (angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), α blockers, β blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and their combinations) in patients with diabetes with a follow-up of at least 12 months, reporting all cause mortality, requirement for dialysis, or doubling of serum creatinine levels. <b>Data extraction</b> Bayesian network meta-analysis combined direct and indirect evidence to estimate the relative effects between treatments as well as the probabilities of ranking for treatments based on their protective effects. <b>Results</b> 63 trials with 36 917 participants were identified, including 2400 deaths, 766 patients who required dialysis, and 1099 patients whose serum creatinine level had doubled. Compared with placebo, only ACE inhibitors significantly reduced the doubling of serum creatinine levels (odds ratio 0.58, 95% credible interval 0.32 to 0.90), and only β blockers showed a significant difference in mortality (odds ratio 7.13, 95% credible interval 1.37 to 41.39). Comparisons among all treatments showed no statistical significance in the outcome of dialysis. Although the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors compared with ARBs did not reach statistical significance, ACE inhibitors consistently showed higher probabilities of being in the superior ranking positions among all three outcomes. Although the protective effect of an ACE inhibitor plus calcium channel blocker compared with placebo was not statistically significant, the treatment ranking identified this combination therapy to have the greatest probability (73.9%) for being the best treatment on reducing mortality, followed by ACE inhibitor plus diuretic (12.5%), ACE inhibitors (2.0%), calcium channel blockers (1.2%), and ARBs (0.4%). <b>Conclusions</b> Our analyses show the renoprotective effects and superiority of using ACE inhibitors in patients with diabetes, and available evidence is not able to show a better effect for ARBs compared with ACE inhibitors. Considering the cost of drugs, our findings support the use of ACE inhibitors as the first line antihypertensive agent in patients with diabetes. Calcium channel blockers might be the preferred treatment in combination with ACE inhibitors if adequate blood pressure control cannot be achieved by ACE inhibitors alone.
Diltiazem and Hyperkalemia
Authors: M. R. Flicker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  In his Letter, 1 Dr Hoyt speculates that therapy with the calcium antagonist diltiazem may have exacerbated hyperkalemia in a 70-year-old patient treated with metoprolol who was consuming massive quantities of potassium as salt substitute. We wish to suggest that there is insufficient evidence to postulate a role for diltiazem therapy in such a clinical setting.  Metoprolol treatment is likely to have contributed to the patient's hyperkalemia. Although the author argues against this possibility on the basis of metoprolol's β1-specificity, loss of such specificity has been well described 2 at daily doses of 100 mg or more (the patient was receiving 200 mg/d). Administration of 100-mg doses of metoprolol has been shown to parallel propranolol's tendency to augment the exercise-induced rise in serum potassium level, 3 while administration of 200mg daily doses of metoprolol may cause a significant rise in the resting serum potassium level. 4   Advanced
Effect of Life-Style Activity of Varying Duration on Glycemic Control in Type II Diabetic Women
Authors: Madeline Paternostro-Bayles, Rena R Wing, Robert J Robertson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Life-style activities such as walking are often recommended for patientswith type II (non-insulindependent) diabetes. Because many of these patientsare overweight and sedentary, such low-intensity activity would appear most appropriate, especially during initial intervention. However, there has beenlittle research on the effects of low-intensity life-style activity on glycemic control. This study examined the effects of varying the duration (0, 20, or 40 min) of low-intensity exercise (50–55% of age-predicted max heart rate)on glycemic responses during exercise and a subsequent meal in type II diabetic patients. Glycemic response to exercise was significantly related to the duration of activity; 20 min of activity decreased blood glucose (BG) by 6 mg/dl, whereas 40 min decreased BG by 16 mg/dl. The effect of exercise on glucose was maintained over a 30-min rest period but disappeared after a meal was consumed. Insulin and the insulin-to-glucose ratio were not affected by the length of activity. These data suggest that life-style activity of long duration (20–40 min) produces a significant, but modest, decrease in glucose levels in type II diabetic women.
Early Hepatitis B Virus DNA Suppression Can Predict Virologic Response to Peginterferon and Lamivudine Treatment
Authors: Henry Lik–Yuen Chan, Vincent Wai–Sun Wong, Grace Lai–Hung Wong, Angel Mei–Ling Chim, Hoi–Yun Chan, Joseph Jao–Yiu Sung
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Tenascin-C: A key molecule in graft stenosis
Authors: J FISCHER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

See article by Sawada et al. [3] (366–376) in this issue.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using venous and arterial grafts is a standard surgical procedure for the treatment of advanced coronary artery disease. However graft failure is common especially after transplantation of saphenous vein grafts, the first vessels used in CABG [1]. After one year up to 15% and after 10 years up to 50% of saphenous vein grafts are severely affected by neointimal thickening and advanced atherosclerosis. Improved long-term patency and survival in treatment of advanced coronary artery disease has been achieved by the use of arterial grafts from the left internal thoracic (mammary) artery and other arteries such as the right internal thoracic artery or the radial artery [1,2]. However, atherosclerosis and neointimal thickening especially at the site of anastomosis reduce the clinical success of by-pass grafting still today. Therefore, the search for novel therapeutic targets for prevention of graft failure continues. The paper by Sawada et al. [3] in the current issue of Cardiovascular Research addresses the role and origin of tenascin-C (TN-C) during neointimal hyperplasia in a mouse model of aorta-to-carotid artery interposition grafting.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding vascular cells is composed largely of different collagens, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. TN-C is a member … 

*Tel.: +49 211 81 12513x12500; fax: +49 211 81 14781. Email address: jens.fischer{at}uni-duesseldorf.de
Lipoid Pneumonia with Lipoid Granulomata in Scalene Node
Authors: BASIL VARKEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Letters1 February 1976Lipoid Pneumonia with Lipoid Granulomata in Scalene NodeBASIL VARKEY, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), AHAMED V. P. KUTTY, M.D.BASIL VARKEY, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C)Search for more papers by this author, AHAMED V. P. KUTTY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-2-176 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA patient developed lipoid pneumonia due to chronic intranasal application of mentholated petroleum (Mentholatum, The Mentholatum Co., Buffalo, New York). Lipophages and foreign body-type granulomata were seen in a biopsied scalene node. Although similar findings have been previously noted in bronchial (1) and hilar lymph nodes (2), to our knowledge they have not been described in the scalene node.A 75-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of an abnormal chest radiograph. He had a 6-year history of chronic cough that produced yellowish sputum with occasional streaks of blood, and he had "sinus congestion" for 8 years. Twelve years before, he...References1. PINKERTON H: Oils and fats—their entrance into and fate in the lungs of infants and children: a clinical and pathologic report. Am J Dis Child 33:259-285, 1927 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. SALMHUGHES RE: A case of paraffin pneumonitis. Thorax 25:762-768, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MILLERBADERBADER ARM: Mineral oil pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 57:627-634, 1962 LinkGoogle Scholar4. SCHNEIDER L: Pulmonary hazard of the ingestion of mineral oil in the apparently healthy adult. N Engl J Med 240:284-291, 1949 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. VOLKNATHANSONLOSNER BLS: Incidence of lipoid pneumonia in a survey of 389 chronically ill patients. Am J Med 10:316-324, 1951 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pulmonary Section Department of Medicine Veterans Administration Hospital The Medical College of Wisconsin Wood (Milwaukee), Wisconsin 53193 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByExogenous lipoid pneumonia caused by facial application of petrolatumLipoid Pneumonia Due to Intranasal Application of Petroleum JellyExogenous lipoid pneumoniaAspiration and inhalation pneumoniasLipoid Granulomata in Scalene NodeT. F. C. S. WARNER, M.D. 1 February 1976Volume 84, Issue 2Page: 176-177KeywordsBloodLymph nodesPneumoniaSputumThorax Issue Published: 1 February 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Jaundice and Benziodarone
Authors: H. Lee, G. F. Devey
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRmTIsH 1513individual case is unimportant, however bad; the principle is clear.If the disciplinary procedure of the N.H.S. is to include the laying down of what is "good " or " bad " doctoring then I, for one.will require to see in the terms of service some pretty exhaustive and stringent definitions, and it may be that we shall have to abandon our present easy-going informal procedure that Dr. Dain spent so many years building up.-I am, etc.,
The Western Washington Randomized Trial of Intracoronary Streptokinase in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kennedy Jw, Ritchie Jl, Davis Kb, Stadius Ml, Maynard C, Fritz Jk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

After cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography, 134 patients who had had an acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to treatment with intracoronary streptokinase (4000 U per minute, begun approximately 4 1/2 hours after the onset of symptoms, for a total of 286,000 +/- 77,800 U over 72 +/- 24 minutes); 116 control patients received standard care after they returned to the coronary care unit, immediately after angiography. Preliminary results of this trial have been published in the Journal (1983; 309:1477-81). During the first 30 days, 5 deaths occurred in the streptokinase group and 13 occurred in the control group (3.7 vs 11.2 per cent, P = 0.02); during the first year, the corresponding figures were 11 and 17 deaths (8.2 vs. 14.7 per cent, P = 0.10). However, when a minor imbalance in the ejection fraction and infarct location between the two groups was adjusted by logistic regression, the difference in one-year mortality became significant (P = 0.03). In the streptokinase group, 2 of the 80 patients in whom perfusion was reestablished (2.5 per cent) had died by one year, whereas 3 of the 13 with partial reperfusion (23.1 per cent) and 6 of the 41 with no reperfusion (14.6 per cent) had died (P = 0.008). Mortality among patients with partial reperfusion was not significantly different from that among those without reperfusion (P greater than 0.90). No base-line clinical, angiographic, or hemodynamic variable was predictive of successful reperfusion, according to univariate and multivariate analyses. We conclude that intracoronary streptokinase reduces one-year mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction, but this improvement occurs only among those in whom thrombolysis results in coronary artery reperfusion.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE DISPOSAL OF THE DEAD.
Authors: C. O. PROBST
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The proper disposal of the dead is a matter which greatly concerns the living. The dead have been disposed of in various ways in different times and places; no useful purpose will be served by going into the history of the subject, and this report will be confined to the consideration of cremation and earth burial. The history and progress of cremation in the United States (there are no crematories in Canada) will be reported upon briefly, and an attempt has been made to summarize the laws of the various States and provinces, with respect to disposal of the dead, more especially as to sanitary considerations taken note of in such laws. Rules and regulations of State and provincial boards of health, as affecting this question, have also been given as far as possible. The first crematory in the United States was established at Washington, Pennsylvania, in 1876, by Dr.
Reperfusion and Revascularization Strategies for Coronary Artery Disease in Women
Authors: Susan B. Eysmann
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —One third of all deaths in women in the United States each year are attributable to coronary heart disease. Gender differences exist in the course and management of patients with coronary heart disease. Few randomized trials have been conducted in women to evaluate effective therapeutic strategies. With the aim of developing rational approaches to women with coronary heart disease, we review gender-related outcomes with coronary revascularization and reperfusion therapies. <h3>Data Source.</h3> —English-language journal articles and reviews on the subject of women with coronary heart disease or gender-specific responses to coronary heart disease management, from 1970 through 1992, identified through MEDLINE searching. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Selected studies included only randomized controlled trials for topics related to thrombolysis, and articles considered to contribute significantly to the topic of women with coronary artery disease in the case of angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Two reviewers participated in extracting the data with the aim of presenting a balanced and comprehensive review of the subject. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction reduces mortality in men and women, although women may have a reduced mortality benefit compared with men. Angioplasty and the newer interventional devices result in greater procedural morbidity but similar if not better long-term outcomes in women. Women may have a greater mortality rate than men with coronary artery bypass surgery, although studies suggest that outcome after bypass surgery may depend more on coronary size and preoperative risk factors than on gender itself. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The existence of gender differences in the course of coronary heart disease and response to revascularization and reperfusion strategies suggests the need for unique clinical approaches to the female patient with coronary heart disease and stresses the importance of developing randomized trials that enroll adequate numbers of women and that are designed to answer gender-specific questions. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:1903-1907)
Macroautoradiography with radiophosphorus in cancer of the stomach
Authors: O. Gregor, O. Andrysek, B. Bednar, L. Hanik, O. Vaneckova, L. Sistek
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS A new technique for using radioactive phosphorus in the diagnosis of cancer of the stomach is described.There is a close correlation between the maximum concentration of radioactivity and the histological demonstration of malignant changes.on July 8,
Medical Education Toward the 21st Century
Authors: Robert D. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It was heartening to read of the conference on medical education for the 21st century sponsored by Ohio State University but disturbing to read some of the inferences therefrom reported inThe Journalby Warren and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>One example is their negative perception of the current trend toward shorter hospital stays: "This endangers our time-honored method of teaching students to learn by doing with real patients with real illnesses." Teaching hospitals can and must find ways to live with new fiscal realities while preparing future physicians to practice effectively in a cost-conscious era. They will not survive if they cannot learn to evaluate and treat patients as promptly as community hospitals do and if they are unwilling to place greater emphasis on ambulatory care. Some of the authors' remarks about family medicine are also unfortunate, but fortuitously they provide an opportunity to rebut some widely held
Medical ethics and human reproduction: Scientists predict unbalanced future with sex selection
Authors: K N Laland, J Kumm, M W Feldman, S R Brennan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To seek community pharmacists9 perception on use, safety and possible effectiveness of e-cigarettes as quit smoking tools, and their future regulation. <h3>Setting</h3> A survey of a sample of 154 community pharmacies across London, UK. <h3>Context</h3> E-cigarettes have exclusively established themselves in the market through consumers-led demand. To date, e-cigarettes still remain unregulated and can be easily purchased in shops, over the internet, but more controversially also in pharmacies in the UK. Pharmacists find themselves with a shortage of information on their safety and efficacy, and may experience an ethical dilemma when consulted by patients/customers. <h3>Key findings</h3> Response rate: 60% (n=92). Independent pharmacies accounted for 90% of the sample. The majority of participants (73%) sell e-cigarettes. A minority of participants (20%) have been presented with adverse effects such as cough and dry mouth. As possible reasons for their use, pharmacists ranked ‘aid in stop smoking’ as the most important (56%), with ‘cheaper alternative’ (43%) and ‘social/recreational use’ (31%) being the least important ones. Safety issues were raised as statements such as ‘e-liquid in cartridges may be toxic’ were agreed by 52% of respondents. The majority of pharmacists (97%) were supportive of e-cigarettes being regulated, expressing current concerns regarding excipients (42%) and nicotine content (34%). Participants indicated that they would require training in the form of information packs (88%), online tutorials (67%), continuous professional development (CPD) workshops (43%) to cover safety, counselling, dosage instructions, adverse effects and role in the smoking cessation care pathway in the future. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Pharmacists expressed concerns about the safety of e-cigarettes, especially regarding the amounts of excipients and nicotine as these still remain unregulated. Currently, there are no guidelines for pharmacists regarding e-cigarettes. Community pharmacists look forward to regulations so to conduct their duties in a more confident and legislated fashion.
Patterns of Cardiac Marker Surveillance After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Implications for the Use of Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction as a Quality Metric: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR)
Authors: Tracy Y. Wang, Eric D. Peterson, David Dai, H. Vernon Anderson, Sunil V. Rao, Ralph G. Brindis, Matthew T. Roe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)