tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
First phenotypic description of transferrin receptor 2 knockout mouse, and the role of hepcidin
Authors: D F Wallace
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) is a key molecule involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Mutations in humans cause type 3 haemochromatosis and a targeted mutation in mice leads to iron overload with a similar phenotype. We have previously described the generation of a complete <i>TfR2</i>-knockout (KO) mouse. <b>Aims:</b> The aims of this study were to determine the phenotype and analyse expression of iron related molecules in the liver, duodenum, and spleen of homozygous <i>TfR2</i>-KO, heterozygous, and wild-type mice. <b>Methods:</b> Serum and tissue iron levels were determined in 10 week old male mice. Expression of iron related mRNA transcripts were analysed in the liver, duodenum, and spleen using real time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of iron related proteins in the liver were analysed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. <b>Results:</b> Homozygous <i>TfR2</i>-KO mice had no TfR2 protein expression and developed significant iron overload typical of <i>TfR2</i> associated haemochromatosis. In the liver of <i>TfR2</i>-KO mice there was no upregulation of <i>hepcidin</i> mRNA or prohepcidin protein in response to iron loading. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that TfR2 is required for iron regulated expression of hepcidin and is involved in a pathway related to Hfe and hemojuvelin.
Shorland William Hosking
Authors: M. Waldram
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Shorland William Hosking was born in Australia in 1954, and was brought up first in India and then Guildford in the United Kingdom. He went to King Edward’s School in Witley, Surrey, before qualifying from Charing Cross Hospital Medical School in 1978, receiving a distinction in medicine. He studied under Professor Alan Johnson and completed his MD …
Hearing disability in people aged 50-65: effectiveness and acceptability of rehabilitative intervention.
Authors: S D Stephens, D E Callaghan, S Hogan, R Meredith, A Rayment, A C Davis
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the best means of detecting hearing disability in subjects aged 50-65 and whether rehabilitative intervention is acceptable in this age group. DESIGN--Questionnaire survey of patients on general practice age-sex registers. Two types of questionnaire were used, one being based on the closed set approach of the Institute of Hearing Research questionnaire, which had been used in a pilot study, and the other being a simplified version of this questionnaire developed by the Welsh Hearing Institute and based on open set questions. Questionnaires were sent up to three times, and any patients who had not responded two months after the last posting were personally contacted. SETTING--Two general practices in Glyncorrwg and Blaengwynfi in the Afan valley, West Glamorgan. PATIENTS--271 Patients in Glyncorrwg (136 men, 135 women) and 333 patients in Blaengwynfi (173 men, 160 women) aged 50-65. INTERVENTIONS--All patients indicating hearing disability in answering the questionnaires were invited to attend for a evaluative session in their village. After audiometric testing advice and arrangements for fitting a hearing aid were offered as appropriate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Response rates and prevalence of hearing disability before intervention and of possession of hearing aids before and after intervention. RESULTS--After three postings and personal contact the response rate was 98% (266/271) in Glyncorrwg, where the complex questionnaire was used, and 97% (322/333) in Blaengwynfi. The prevalence of hearing disability was respectively 53% (141/266) and 46% (148/322) and the prevalence of owning a hearing aid 7% (19/266) and 8% (24/322). After intervention the possession of hearing aids rose to 24% (64/266) in Glyncorrwg and 22% (71/322) in Blaengwynfi; six months later the aids were being used regularly. A direct comparison of the two questionnaires in 69 subjects from Blaengwynfi showed no significant differences in the amount of disability detected by each one. The first posting of questionnaires detected 65% (189/289) of the hearing disability in the two villages or 78% (72/92) of those prepared to accept hearing aids for the first time; 96% (88/92) of those who accepted hearing aids were detected by two postings. CONCLUSIONS--Simple questionnaires are effective in detecting hearing disabilities in people aged 50-65, and intervention was acceptable in many of those who reported having difficulties in hearing. The response rates from successive postings suggest that two postings are sufficient in terms of the return in detecting those who will accept intervention.
Hydrophobia Nine Months after the Bite of a Dog
Authors: A. Newman
Journal: BMJ (1872)

forward.On getting better, he continued on duty for about three months, during which he was under the care of the divisional surgeon, who cupped him on the back and prescribed for him, but without relief.Some time afterwards, he went into one of the metropolitan hospitals, where he had blisters and actual cautery to the spine, hypodermic in- jection of morphia, warm baths, and medicine.After a month of this treatment he left the hospital unrelieved, with severe pain, weakness, and numbness and trembling of the legs.During the next three months he was under the care, first of the divisional surgeon, and then of another practitioner, who used the hypodermic very freely, but with only temporary relief.When I saw him a few months later, he was pallid and emaciated, complained of pains along the legs, with trembling on standing, some numbness of the feet, and severe lumbar pain with stiffness, which prevented him from standing erect.The pains were incessant night and day.I prescribed for him the following draught, to be taken every four hours.a3 Potassii iodidi gr.x ; aquae camphor.3iss ; spir.chlo-
TCTAP A-127 Correlation Between Serum Osteoprotegerin Concentration and the Extent of Infarction Measured with High Sensitive Troponin T in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with ST Segment Elevation who Undergo Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Katrina Hutasoit, Doni Firman, Surya Dharma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A Positive Indium-lll Bone Marrow Scan in Metastatic Breast Carcinoma Case Report
Authors: MARGARET M. LaMANNA, MARTIN HYZINSKI, VANLILA K. SWAMI, JANET A. PARKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Indium is generally presumed to localize in the bone marrow within the erythroid cell line. Fibrosis, inflammation, lymphoma, extended field radiation, chemotherapy, or combinations of both treatment modalities generally depress the uptake of Indium by the marrow a complex fashion (1). We report a case of metastatic breast carcinoma and pancytopenia in which the ln-111 scan appeared qualitatively similar to a Tc-99m MDP bone scan. Findings were confirmed by bone marrow biopsy.
Kinetics of platelet density subpopulations in splenectomized mongrel dogs
Authors: Diego Mezzano, Eduardo Aranda, Arnaldo Foradori, Soledad Rodríguez, Pablo Lira
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Autologous 51 Cr‐platelet kinetic studies were performed in splenectomized mongrel dogs. Mean survival time of PRP‐platelets was 5.4 ± 1.5 (SD) days (n = 6). The curves, though slightly curvilinear, showed mostly a linear type of decay, denoting that platelet removal from the circulation is mainly determined by aging of the cells. High‐density (HD) and low‐density (LD) platelet cohorts were isolated in Stractan gradients from samples drawn daily after infusion of labeled platelets. Specific radioactivity in HD cohorts declined rapidly postinfusion (T1/2 = 1.3 days), but specific radioactivity in LD platelets increased for 2 days and steadily declined for 4 days thereafter (n = 6). Labeled HD platelets, comprising 11.7% of the total population, lived significantly longer in circulation than LD platelets (19.1% of the total population) (n = 3). The patterns of decay of the radioactivity, however, do not have all the characteristics of pure age‐cohort survival curves; 3.7 days after the infusion of labeled HD platelets, the specific radioactivity in LD cohorts was six times higher than on day 1, but attained only 20% of the initial specific radioactivity in HD platelets. After the infusion of labeled LD platelets no radioactivity was recovered in circulating HD cohorts. These findings indicate that mongrel dog platelets decrease in density with aging, but also that platelet density heterogeneity is in part determined during the thrombopoietic process. These data are consistent with those of other authors in rabbits and rhesus monkeys, but contrast with the observations that platelets in humans, baboons, and Macaca fasicularis monkeys increase in density with age, suggesting that the displacement of platelets toward compartments of either higher or lower density depends on the species under study.
Superoxide dismutase plus catalase improves post-ischaemic recovery in the diabetic heart
Authors: G. M PIEPER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Streptozotocin induced diabetic rat hearts were perfused under constant flow conditions with or without 1 × 105 U·litre−1 each of superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD+CAT). Total global ischaemia was produced for 20 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion at pre-ischaemic flow rates. After 5 min of reperfusion, isovolumic LV developed pressure was reduced in diabetic hearts, at 22 (SEM 11)% of baseline v 67(12)% in controls, with increased frequency of ventricular fibrillation (VF) (3/10 v 10/11 hearts). SOD+CAT improved isovolumic LV developed pressure to 67(8)% of baseline during early reperfusion of diabetic hearts but did not affect non-diabetic hearts. SOD+CAT also increased the adenylate energy charge potential in post-ischaemic diabetic hearts to 0.826(0.011) v 0.781(0.012) in diabetic controls, and reduced the incidence and duration of reperfusion induced VF in diabetic hearts. SOD+CAT augmented the production of prostacyclin in coronary effluents during early reperfusion of diabetic hearts, from (baseline) 11.5(1.7) to 18.1(3.0) ng·min−1·g−1 at 2 min, compared with 11.1(1.6) to 12.5(1.9) ng·min−1·g−1 at same interval in diabetic controls. Indomethacin prevented the protective effect of the free radical scavengers on function and VF. In contrast, perfusion with the prostacyclin analogue, iloprost (3×10−8 M), alone completely prevented early post-ischaemic dysfunction and reduced VF from 559(172) to 16(8) s. Oxygen derived free radicals may mediate reperfusion induced contractile dysfunction and VF in acutely diabetic hearts following brief episodes of myocardial ischaemia. The beneficial effects of SOD+CAT appear to be mediated mainly by an increase in prostacyclin production during early reperfusion.
People considering laser eye surgery should be warned of risks, says NICE
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Laser surgery for short and long sightedness and astigmatism is generally safe and effective, but surgeons should make people aware of the potential risks compared with those of wearing glasses or contact lenses, guidance published last week says.

The guidance, for the NHS in England, Wales, and Scotland, found that the three most common types of laser eye surgery used to treat refractive errors—laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratotectomy (PRK), and laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK)—shared similarly high effectiveness in improving visual acuity.

A systematic review of published evidence, commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to …
How Reliably Can Compact Chemistry Analyzers Measure Lipids?
Authors: Harvey W. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Five compact chemistry analyzers were evaluated for the measurement of lipids. Fresh plasma or serum specimens from a standardized research laboratory were assayed for total cholesterol on all five analyzers. Triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were assayed on the three analyzers that could measure both of these analytes. Study results were interpreted by assessing accuracy and precision and by defining the percentage of patient specimens classified in the same categories as the reference laboratory, according to National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. Two analyzers met standards for accuracy of cholesterol measurement. Three analyzers met performance standards for precision of cholesterol measurement. Agreement with National Cholesterol Education Program classification of specimens compared with the reference laboratory for total cholesterol ranged from 73% to 96% and was less for indirect low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We conclude that under controlled conditions, compact chemistry analyzers vary in the reliability of lipid determination and classification of patients.
Diagnosis in Leprosy Contacts
Authors: DOUGLAS J. PRAVDA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1978Diagnosis in Leprosy ContactsDOUGLAS J. PRAVDA, D.O., JAMES P. FIELDS, M.D.DOUGLAS J. PRAVDA, D.O.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES P. FIELDS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-2-289_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the article "Management of Household Contacts of Leprosy Patients" by Filice and Fraser in the April issue. We agree with the authors that it is important for healthy persons having contact with patients with all forms of lepromatous and borderline (dimorphous) leprosy to undergo annually a clinical examination for a minimum of 5 years after initiation of treatment of the index case. However, the clinical manifestations of leprosy are so variable and those in diffuse lepromatous leprosy so subtle that they may remain unappreciated by other than an experienced leprologist, of which there...References1. KHANOLKAR V: Perspectives in pathology of leprosy. Indian J Med Sci 9:20-21, 1955 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U.S. Public Health Service Hospital Staten Island, NY 10304 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1978Volume 89, Issue 2Page: 289-289KeywordsLeprosy Issue Published: 1 August 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE RELATION OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION TO THE SOCIAL EVIL.
Authors: ROBERT N. WILLSON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The social evil as an immoral abstraction does not concern the physician except in his capacity as an individual and citizen. The social evil as conducive to disease forms a territory peculiarly his own as a privileged guardian of the public welfare! At the present moment, however, there is little need of the sign "no trespassing" to guard from approach the pathway across a field deserted alike by the lay and medical traveler as soon as it is determined how near the dread territory of personal embarrassment and distaste it leads. For formality's sake, though no answer is necessary, I ask the question, Why is it that physicians and laymen alike avoid this topic, one of such vital interest from the standpoint both of preventive and curative medicine? Why is it that, when its direct outcome is the dissolution of the home, almost certain disease for the individual, and by
P5-14-21: Predicting the Status of the Axillary Lymph Nodes in 1300 Consecutive Patients with Early Breast Cancer Treated in a Single Institution.
Authors: E Yoshihara, A Smeets, A Laenen, A Reynders, H Wildiers, J Soens, R Paridaens, Ongeval C Van, G Floris, P Moerman, P Neven, M-R Christiaens
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose. Lymph node involvement is the most important prognostic factor in breast cancer. It is a multifactorial event determined by tumour and patient characteristics. Several predictors of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) in breast cancer have been described. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical and pathological factors predictive for ALNM in patients with early breast cancer and to build a model to portend lymph node involvement. Methods. We evaluated 1300 consecutive patients surgically treated in our institution (2007-2009) for cT1-T2 invasive breast cancer. The patient and tumour characteristics evaluated included: age at diagnosis, number of foci, histologic grade, location, tumour size, histologic subtype, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), estrogen-receptor (ER), progesterone-receptor (PR) and Her2 status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Factors significantly associated with lymph node metastasis by univariate analysis and histologic subtype were included in the multivariate model. We validated our model with the same 1300 patients on the basis of a multivariable logistic regression model containing the variables, using a correction factor. Results. By univariate analysis, the incidence of ALNM was significantly higher in patients with a tumour with LVI (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), larger tumours (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), tumours with a higher histologic grade (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), tumours located retroareolar or lateral in the breast (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), tumours with multiple foci (P = 0.0002) and in patients who underwent an axillary lymph node dissection. We found no effect of ER/PR nor HER-2 status. By multivariate analysis, lymph node involvement was significantly associated with the presence of lymphovascular invasion (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), larger tumour size (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), axillary lymph node dissection (P = 0.0003), retroareolar and lateral tumour location in the breast (P = 0.0019) and the presence of multiple foci (P = 0.0155). The discrimination of the model, calculated by the area under the curve (AUC), was 0.778. Conclusions. LVI and tumour size emerged as most powerful independent predictors of ALNM. A model with an AUC of 0.50 is equivalent to the toss of a coin, a model with an AUC &amp;gt; 0.70 is considered as good. In conclusion, our result is not perfect in discrimination which raises further questions. It is clear that underlying mechanisms of ALNM remain to be elucidated. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-21.
Pheochromocytoma Diagnosed With 1-123 MIBG Scintigraphy in a Patient With Concomitant Bilateral Polycystic Kidneys
Authors: LUIGI MANSI, PIER FRANCESCO RAMBALDI, GIUSEPPE MARINO, GIOCONDA ARGENZIANO, FABIO SANDOMENICO, ENRICO DEL VECCHIO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A case of pheochromocytoma diagnosed with 1-123 MIBG scintigraphy in a patient with bilateral polycystic kidneys is reported. Sonography was not diagnostic because of the presence of renal pathology, whereas CT identified the adrenal mass only after contrast enhancement. Computed tomography was unable to characterize it. MIBI scan showed focal accumulation in the left upper abdomen consistent with diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. A Tc-99m MAG3 scan defined the location over the upper left renal pole. I-123 MIBG may allow the correct localization and characterization of a pheochromocytomas when other imaging modalities are not conclusive.
Inhaled Particles and Vapours
Authors: Roe E. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This text is a collection of 38 papers presented at Oxford in the spring of 1960. With rare exceptions the articles are carefully detailed as to techniques and findings. The discussions are comprehensive, yet there is little or no superfluous conjecture. If any essentials were unclear or omitted in the original presentation they rarely escaped attention in the lively discussions recorded. The discussions clearly emphasize the fact that this is a dynamic and fertile field, that analytical techniques are sorely limited, and that our knowledge of the defense mechanisms of the respiratory system is badly restricted. One of the major values of this text is that it points out how these many isolated studies have focused primarily on either the motives of applied research organizations or the goals created out of specific problems, e.g., conditions in a mine. Criticisms such as these which deal with the philosophy of the matter
Comparison of two measures of waiting times
Authors: M A Walker, J L Shearer, N W Carter
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Careful inspection of the mean values published in the paper show that it is feasible to take a series of garments from within a range and find that they perform in a satisfactory manner-that is, they provide linear graduation and are effective in terms of the particular aspect of venous function which we studied.Our critics, however, have failed to grasp the importance of the work if they do not appreciate that it is important that these criteria should extend throughout the range of garments and be applicable to any of the size ranges supplied by the manufacturer.Further study ofthe materials they quote2 shows that it was necessary for a range of stockings to be manufactured specifically for this study so that graduated compression could be achieved across the patient group.We agree that further work is required, and want to make clear that our study was carried out independently of any manufacturer support; it was undertaken in the interest of applied physiology and the desire to improve the quality of care available to this often neglected group of patients based on objective data that are applicable to the individual subject.
Cardioprotective effects of aspirin compromised by other NSAIDs
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

People who take other painkillers containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) along with aspirin could be losing the cardioprotective benefits of the aspirin, new research has suggested.

The NSAIDs, which work by interfering with the two enzymes COX 1 and COX 2, seem to compete against aspirin when the two types of drug are taken together, said Dr Tobias Kurth, lead author of the study, which was published online in advance of the print version of Circulation (http://circ.ahajournals.org). …
Rektoskopische Bilddokumentation diffuser Schleimhautveränderungen
Authors: K. Beck, W. Dischler, M. Helms, B. Kiani
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

Using an appropriate instrumental equipment it is possible now to prove sigmoidoscopically observed mucosal alterations by color photograph documents and to intensify diagnosis of diffuse processes of the terminal intestinal tract thereby. This is demonstrated by some selected pictures.