tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rearrangement and expression of the alpha, beta, and gamma chain T cell receptor genes in human thymic leukemia cells and functional T cells.
Authors: R N Sangster, J Minowada, N Suciu-Foca, M Minden, T W Mak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Using cDNA and genomic probes representing the alpha, beta, and gamma chain of the human T cell receptor genes, we have examined the structure and expression of these genes in 14 human leukemic T cell lines, representing different stages of thymic differentiation, and 15 functional human T cell clones. Rearrangement of the gamma and beta chain genes was found in all of the functional T cell clones and all but one (P30/OKUBO) thymic leukemia cell line; all of the lines that had rearrangement of the beta chain expressed beta mRNA. Expression of the alpha chain was found in all of the functional T cell clones examined, while rearrangement of the alpha chain gene, using currently available probes to the J region, could be shown in 10 of 13 functional clones. In contrast, expression of the alpha chain was found in 6 of 10 leukemic T cell lines, while rearrangement was found in six of these nine cell lines. Of the 14 leukemic cell lines studied for rearrangement of the alpha chain, rearrangement was found in six cases. The data obtained with the cell lines are consistent with an ordered rearrangement and expression of the gamma, beta, and alpha chains of the T cell antigen receptor (TcR) genes. The leukemic cell lines used in the present study have previously been characterized with regard to cell surface antigens and intracellular enzymes. Based on those results a scheme of thymic development was proposed. The developmental stages identified by those studies are not in complete agreement with stages of T cell development, as determined in the present study using molecular probes.
Cosmas and Damian in the 20th Century?
Authors: Barry D. Kahan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Saints Cosmas and Damian, twin brothers and converts to Christianity, dedicated their lives to the healing of the sick during the era of Diocletian. Cosmas was a physician, Damian a surgeon. Most well known among the deeds attributed posthumously to these holy men is the miracle of the black leg. According to legend, Cosmas and Damian removed the gangrenous limb of the aged sacristan of the church dedicated to them near the edge of the Roman Forum. Cosmas posed the question still being echoed today: "What are we going to use to replace the diseased flesh?" They used a cadaver. . . .
Current imaging of childhood urinary infections: prospective survey.
Authors: A. M. Rickwood, H. M. Carty, T. McKendrick, M. P. Williams, M. Jackson, D. W. Pilling, A. Sprigg
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To assess whether ultrasonography alone is adequate for routine screening of childhood urinary infection, whether clinical features determine the need for further investigations, and which investigations are most appropriate. DESIGN--Prospective survey of children with proved urinary infection and a preinvestigation record of clinical features. Ultrasonography and intravenous urography were routine, with choice of further studies determined by ultrasonographic findings. SETTING--A children9s hospital and two district general hospitals in Mersey region. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography both generally and in relation to clinical features. Accuracy of intravenous urography compared with radioisotope examinations. RESULTS--Specificity of ultrasonography was good (99% (95% confidence interval 96% to 100%)) but sensitivity modest (43% (32% to 55%)), principally with respect to detecting vesicoureteric reflux and renal scarring. Among older children (aged 2-10 years) with positive ultrasound results and fever or vomiting the sensitivity in detecting reflux (with and without renal scarring) was 78% (62% to 89%) and the specificity 69% (60% to 78%); in detecting renal scarring (with and without reflux) the sensitivity was 100% (80% to 100%) and specificity 65% (56% to 74%). Renal scarring and obstructive uropathies were better assessed by radioisotope examinations than by intravenous urography. CONCLUSIONS--Ultrasonography alone is inadequate for routine screening of childhood urinary infection. Though further investigations remain advisable in infants, in older children they can be restricted to a minority who have positive ultrasound examinations or have had fever or vomiting. Radioisotope examinations largely eliminate the need for intravenous urography.
Progress Toward A Cellular Engineering
Authors: Robert A. Good
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Rapidly developing understanding of the lymphoid system and immunologic function make these exciting days in immunobiology. When I began my studies of the relation of structure to function in the lymphoid system nearly 27 years ago, the function of lymphocytes was enigmatic; we could see the role of plasma cells in antibody production only as through a distant haze. Understanding of the function of whole organs, including the thymus and spleen, was almost entirely lacking. The meaning of the beautiful anatomic organization of the lymphoid cells within the peripheral lymphoid organs, eg, lymph nodes, was completely unknown. Small, medium, and large lymphocytes were noted in the peripheral blood, but little was known about from whence they came, where they went, or what they did. It had already been proposed that lymphocytes carried or produced antibodies.<sup>1</sup>Some thought that they exhibited a sort of suicidal dissolution under the influence of
Fluorescence Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myocardial Macrophage Infiltration in Infarcted Myocardium In Vivo
Authors: David E. Sosnovik, Matthias Nahrendorf, Nikolaos Deliolanis, Mikhail Novikov, Elena Aikawa, Lee Josephson, Anthony Rosenzweig, Ralph Weissleder, Vasilis Ntziachristos
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Fluorescence imaging of the heart is currently limited to invasive ex vivo or in vitro applications. We hypothesized that the adaptation of advanced transillumination and tomographic techniques would allow noninvasive fluorescence images of the heart to be acquired in vivo and be coregistered with in vivo cardiac magnetic resonance images.The uptake of the magnetofluorescent nanoparticle CLIO-Cy5.5 by macrophages in infarcted myocardium was studied. Ligation of the left coronary artery was performed in 12 mice and sham surgery in 7. The mice were injected, 48 hours after surgery, with 3 to 20 mg of iron per kilogram of CLIO-Cy5.5. Magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence molecular tomography were performed 48 hours later. An increase in magnetic resonance imaging contrast-to-noise ratio, indicative of myocardial probe accumulation, was seen in the anterolateral walls of the infarcted mice but not in the sham-operated mice (23.0+/-2.7 versus 5.43+/-2.4; P<0.01). Fluorescence intensity over the heart was also significantly greater in the fluorescence molecular tomography images of the infarcted mice (19.1+/-5.2 versus 5.3+/-1.4; P<0.05). The uptake of CLIO-Cy5.5 by macrophages infiltrating the infarcted myocardium was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry.Noninvasive imaging of myocardial macrophage infiltration has been shown to be possible by both fluorescence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This could be of significant value in both the research and clinical settings. The techniques developed could also be used to image other existing fluorescent and magnetofluorescent probes and could significantly expand the role of fluorescence imaging in the heart.
Anticancer and antiangiogenic activity of HPMA copolymer-aminohexylgeldanamycin-RGDfK conjugates for prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Khaled Greish, Abhijit Ray, Hillevi Bauer, Nate Larson, Alexander Malugin, Daniel Pike, Mohamed Haider, Hamidreza Ghandehari
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
A retrospective cohort study of leukemia and other cancers in benzene workers
Authors: S.-N. Yin, G.-L. Li, F.-D. Tain, Z.-I. Fu, C. Jin, Y.-J. Chen, S.-J. Luo, P.-Z. Ye, J.-Z. Zhang, G.-C. Wang, X.-C. Zhang, H.-N. Wu, Q.-C. Zhong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

A retrospective cohort study was carried out in 1982–1983 among 28,460 benzene-exposed workers (15,643 males, 12,817 females) from 233 factories and 28,257 control workers (16,621 males, 12,366 females) from 83 factories in 12 large cities in China. All-cause mortality was significantly higher among the exposed (265.46/100,000 person-years) than among the unexposed (139.06/100,000 person-years), as was mortality from all malignant neoplasms (123.21/100,000 versus 54.7/100,000, respectively). For certain cancers, increased mortality was noted among benzene-exposed males in comparison with that among unexposed males; the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were elevated for leukemia (SMR = 5.74), lung cancer (SMR = 2.31), primary hepatocarcinoma (SMR = 1.12), and stomach cancer (SMR = 1.22). For females only leukemia occurred in excess among the exposed. Risk of leukemia rose as duration to exposure to benzene increased up to 15 years, and then declined with additional years of exposure. Leukemia occurred among some workers with as little as 6 to 10 ppm average exposure and 50 ppm-years (or possibly less) cumulative lifetime exposure (based on all available measurements for the exposed work units). Among the 30 leukemia cases identified in the exposed cohort, the proportion of subjects with acute lymphocytic leukemia was substantially lower and the proportion with acute nonlymphocytic leukemias was higher than in the general population. During 1972 to 1981, the annual incidence of leukemia ranged from 5.83 to 28.33 per 100,000 with higher rates occurring in the interval 1977 to 1981 than in the earlier years of the study period. Future studies should evaluate more precisely the relationship between exposure levels, job title, and development of leukemia among cases and noncases within the exposed cohort.
Evidence base needs to be developed for the whole process of end of life care
Authors: S. M. Kite, F. Hicks, E. Rees, C. Shepherd, C. Stothard
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Despite the BMJ survey’s limitations,1 we welcome systematic attempts to develop the evidence base necessary to move forward the debate on the Liverpool care pathway (LCP).

The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust started implementing the LCP framework in 2005, on a ward by ward basis, working closely with specialties and supported by facilitator led training for doctors and nurses. Implementation to all 66 wards that …
Cardiac function in total anomalous pulmonary venous return before and after surgery.
Authors: R Mathew, O G Thilenius, R L Replogle, R A Arcilla
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Cardiac performance was evaluated in 12 infants with isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Four had significant pulmonary venous obstruction and severe pulmonary hypertension (group A). Eight had no obvious venous obstruction, and the pulmonary pressures were lower (group B). In all subjects, right ventricular end-diastolic volume was increased (197% of predicted normal) and its ejection fraction was normal. Left ventricular volume was, generally speaking, still in the normal range (87% of predicted normal); however, its ejection fraction was reduced (0.57 vs normal of 0.73) and left ventricular output was low (3.08 L/min/m2 vs normal of 3.98). Left atrial volume was consistently small (53% of predicted normal) with an appendage of normal size. The infants in group A had smaller chamber volumes/m2 BSA than those in group B. Left atrial function was abnormal, characterized by reduced reservoir function and a greater role as "conduit" from right atrium to left ventricle. Left atrial size was not found to be critical in the surgical repair of TAPVR. Cardiac function is restored to normal following surgery.
Safety, efficacy, and response predictors of anticoagulation for the treatment of nonmalignant portal-vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Jung Wha Chung, Gi Hyun Kim, Jong Ho Lee, Kyeong Sam Ok, Eun Sun Jang, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Jin-Wook Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

Background/Aims Portal-vein thrombosis (PVT) develops in 10-25% of cirrhotic patients and may aggravate portal hypertension. There are few data regarding the effects of anticoagulation on nonmalignant PVT in liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the safety, efficacy, and predictors of response to anticoagulation therapy in cirrhotic patients. Methods Patients with liver cirrhosis and nonmalignant PVT were identified by a hospital electronic medical record system (called BESTCARE). Patients with malignant PVT, Budd-Chiari syndrome, underlying primary hematologic disorders, or preexisting extrahepatic thrombosis were excluded from the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups (treatment and nontreatment), and propensity score matching analysis was performed to identify control patients. The sizes of the thrombus and spleen were evaluated using multidetector computed tomography. Results Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in this study between 2003 and 2014: 14 patients who received warfarin for nonmalignant PVT and 14 patients who received no anticoagulation. After 112 days of treatment, 11 patients exhibited significantly higher response rates (complete in 6 and partial in 5) compared to the control patients, with decreases in thrombus size of >30%. Compared to nonresponders, the 11 responders were older, and had a thinner spleen and fewer episodes of previous endoscopic variceal ligations, whereas pretreatment liver function and changes in prothrombin time after anticoagulation did not differ significantly between the two groups. Two patients died after warfarin therapy, but the causes of death were not related to anticoagulation. Conclusions Warfarin can be safely administered to cirrhotic patients with nonmalignant PVT. The presence of preexisting portal hypertension is a predictor of nonresponse to anticoagulation. Keywords: Portal vein; Venous thrombosis; Liver cirrhosis; Warfarin; Propensity score
Abstract 3187: <i>Ex vivo</i> characterization of CTCs isolated using the FMSA device
Authors: Hairong Cheng, Jean-Nicolas Gallant, Ramdane Harouaka, Siyang Zheng, Wafik El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although technological advances in recent years have enabled isolatation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), only the VeridexCellSearch System has been approved by the FDA for assessment of patient prognosis in metastatic breast, colon, and prostate cancers. A fundamental challenge with the CellSearch System is that the technique it uses to enrich and detect CTCs, EpCAM-basedimmunomagnetic isolation, fixates captured cells and prevents further molecular characterization by functional assays and primary cell culture. Progress in addressing these issues may help with progress with a variety of clinical needs including further characterization of the biology of individual patient tumors as well as their potential response top various therapeutics. In this study, we use the Flexible Micro Spring Array (FMSA) Device —a novel portable microfluidic device that captures and isolates viable CTCs by two physical parameters: size and flexibility—to capture, culture, and further characterize CTCs.GFP-labeled HCT-116 cells were spiked into healthy samples of donor blood to mimic blood samples of metastatic cancer patients. This spiked blood was filtered using the FMSA device, and the recovered cells were expanded in cell culture. A series of experiments were carried out to characterize these cells and investigate the effect of chemotherapy on the resulting cultures. Studies are ongoing to evaluate the potential of using this model to culture CTCs from patients and to evaluate the response of these cells to chemotherapies using high-throughput methodologies. The isolation of viable CTCs from human blood using the FMSA device provides a novel means for studying viable CTCs and for testing drug efficacy ex vivo. The analysis and identification of CTC-specific characteristics and their relation to chemotherapy susceptibility suggests a potential paradigm shift toward personalized and targeted cancer therapy based on the specific genetic defects of each patient's malignancy and CTCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3187. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3187
Incidence of IDDM in German Children Aged 0–14 years: A 6-year population-based study (1987–1993)
Authors: Andreas Neu, Martin Kehrer, Regine Hub, Michael B Ranke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Generally accepted data on the incidence of childhood diabetes in Germany have not been available up to now. To register the total number of newly diagnosed cases in Baden-Wuerttemberg (a federal state in southwest Germany), data on 1,160 children were retrospectively collected for the years 1987–1993. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Hospital records were the primary data source. There were 32 hospital units in Baden-Wuerttemberg included in this study. A secondary independent data source was a questionnaire circulated among the patients' association, Deutscher Diabetiker Bund. Case definition was done according to criteria EURODIAB ACE, a collaborative European study set up to assess the incidence of childhood diabetes. The degree of ascertainment was 96.2%, using the capture-mark-recapture method. The study includes a population at risk, entailing 1.5 million children, corresponding to 12.3% of all German children. RESULTS The incidence was found to be 11.6/100,000 (95% CI 10.9–12.2) for children aged 0–14 years. There was no significant difference between the incidence rates of boys and girls. Seasonal variation was observed, with cases increasing between November and February and incidence increasing with age. Peaks were found in early childhood (3–4 years of age) and prepuberty (10–12 years of age). There was marked geographical variation that did not correlate significantly with population density. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, internationally comparable data on the incidence of diabetes in children up to 15 years of age are available for Germany. The yearly incidence of 11.6/100,000 proved to be much higher than assumed so far.
Bayer faces Swiss criminal probe over cerivastatin
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Prosecutors in the Swiss canton of Ticino have opened a criminal inquiry into Bayer AG on suspicion of fraud and grievous bodily damage following the German pharmaceutical giant's controversial recall of its cholesterol drug cerivastatin sodium in August last year.

Cantonal prosecutor Nicola Respini told the BMJ on Friday that he had opened the investigation on 4 December after a patient taking cerivastatin (marketed as Lipobay …
1015-222 Electrocardiographic progression of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chandra Bomma, Jonathan Piccini, Darshan Dalal, Daniyal Ahmed, Harikrishna Tandri, Khurram Nasir, Crystal Tichnell, Cynthia James, Julie Rutberg, Hugh Calkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Review: Pregabalin and other drugs reduce pain in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Michael Tanner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Bril V, England J, Franklin GM, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Neurology. 2011;76:1758-65. 21482920
Psychosomatic Medicine Some Past and Current Concepts
Authors: Wilfred Dorfman
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Recognition of the body-mind dilemma goes back to antiquity. Growth in medical knowledge has produced an ever increasing emphasis on physiological deviations and somatic pathology – which too often is not accompanied by sufficient attention to the total patient. Psychosomatics is now the term often used by those who believe that illness in man is not usually caused by a single etiological agent. The American Psychosomatic Society succeeded in correlating biological processes with psychodynamics. The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine had its roots in the belief that psychosomatic medicine belonged to all of medicine. Its goals were to close the gap between medicine and psychiatry. The Japanese Psychosomatic Society chose the best of both in setting its goals. Dunbar's personality profiles and Alexander's concept of specific conflicts are reviewed. Depression is seen to be a common core. Further correlations between depression and psychosomatic illness are evidenced by the work of Greene, Schmale and Engel. The contributions of Nemiah and Sifneos are reviewed. Many psychosomatic patients are noted to be incapable of expressing adequate feelings, which may account for the frequent failure of classical psychoanalytic techniques. The history of research is also reviewed. The role of biochemistry, neurophysiology and psychopharmacology in the understanding and management of psychosomatic problems is examined.
Orbicules do not significantly contribute to the allergenic micro‐aerosol emitted from birch trees
Authors: S. Vinckier, P. Cadot, M. Grote, J. L. Ceuppens, E. Smets
Journal: Allergy (2006)

from allergist working in the Mediterranean countries but also in Japan, California, Texas and Mexico where Taxaceae and Juniperus pollens should behave in like manner.