tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scientists Get 3-D View of Living Cells
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

A NOVEL APPROACH TO CREATING 3-dimensional images of living cells and tissues will help scientists better understand how cells work and interact with each other. The technique, invented by researchers affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in Cambridge, and Harvard Medical School, in Boston, also might help the process of drug development by allowing researchers to see how various compounds affect specific cell types and components (Choi W et al. Nat Methods. 2007;4[9]:717-719). The group’s research was funded by the National Institutes of Health, in Bethesda, Md, and Hamamatsu Corp, in Bridgewater, NJ.
Detection of Peanut Allergens in Breast Milk of Lactating Women
Authors: Peter Vadas
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Context Most individuals who react to peanuts do so on their first known exposure.A potential but unproven route of occult exposure resulting in sensitization to peanut is via breast milk during lactation.Objective To investigate the ability of maternal dietary peanut protein to pass into breast milk during lactation. Design and SettingClinical investigation conducted at 2 North American hospitals from March 1999 to October 2000.Patients Twenty-three healthy, lactating women aged 21 to 35 years.Intervention Each woman consumed 50 g of dry roasted peanuts, after which breast milk samples were collected at hourly intervals. Main Outcome MeasuresPresence in breast milk of total peanut protein, analyzed by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 2 major peanut allergens, Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, detected by immunoblot analysis. ResultsPeanut protein was detected in 11 of 23 subjects.It was detected in 10 subjects within 2 hours of ingestion and in 1 subject within 6 hours.The median peak peanut protein concentration in breast milk was 200 ng/mL (mean, 222 ng/mL; range, 120-430 ng/mL).Both major peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 were detected. ConclusionsPeanut protein is secreted into breast milk of lactating women following maternal dietary ingestion.Exposure to peanut protein during breastfeeding is a route of occult exposure that may result in sensitization of at-risk infants.
Adding chemotherapy improves survival in cervical cancer
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Cervical cancer survival rates could increase by up to 50%if chemotherapy were added to standard treatment regimens, according to an announcement issued last week by the US National Cancer Institute.

The National Cancer Institute took the unusual step of a sending a clinical alert to 20000 oncologists after reviewing the preliminary results of five separate phase III studies. All of the studies showed that the addition of cisplatin based chemotherapy to radiation treatment improved survival rates for locally invasive cervical cancer by 30-50%The director of the institute, Dr Richard Klausner, said that the results of the five studies were remarkably consistent and that cumulatively the findings are “likely to change the standard of care for …
Appendicectomy—Surgical History.
Authors: Frank Woodbury
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Philadelphia, Dec. 9, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the interesting article appearing in last week'sJournal, contributed by Dr. B. Merrill Ricketts, of Cincinnati, upon "Appendicectomy—Surgical History," to which is appended a bibliography of the subject, from 1758 to 1888, there oecurs a notable omission, that has doubtless not escaped the observation of some of your readers, and for supplying which I feel assured that Dr. Ricketts will be the first to thank me in the interest of accuracy and in justice to American surgery. By referring toThe JournalI find that in Vol, x, on page 733, Dr. Thomas G. Morton of Philadelphia published an article entitled "The Diagnosis of Peri-Cecal Abscess and Its Radical Treatment by Removal of the Appendix Vermiformis." In this communication, Dr. Morton refers to a case, which had been diagnosed by two physicians as one of appendicitis, in which view Dr. Morton concurred
Management of infectious diarrhoea
Authors: A C Casburn-Jones
Journal: Gut (2004)

Infectious diarrhoea is the most common cause of diarrhoea worldwide and is the leading cause of death in childhood.Gastrointestinal infections have their major impact in the developing world.In the developed world, despite improvements in public health and economic wealth, the incidence of intestinal infection remains high and continues to be an important clinical problem.During the past 10 years there have been some major improvements in our knowledge base regarding the treatment of infectious diarrhoea.Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) remains central to case management but advances have been made by the introduction of hypotonic solutions and there is early evidence that resistant starch may be the substrate of the future.The search for antisecretory drugs continues, with real progress having been made by the introduction of a new class of drugs, the enkephalinase inhibitors.Other new drugs are in the early phases of development.The role of antimicrobial agents in the management of infective diarrhoea continues to be clarified with the emergence of new agents and simplified treatment regimens.Probiotics are popular with diarrhoea sufferers and have been shown to have some efficacy but further scrutiny is required to determine the magnitude of their effects.www.gutjnl.com
CAN WE TEST SWIMMING LESSONS SKILLS IN DROWNING PREVENTION?
Authors: Liliana Oliveira, Agata Aranha, Rui Resende, Elsa Cardoso, Nuno Pimenta, Nuno Garrido
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Drowning is the third leading cause of death worldwide (WHO, 2010). According to Brenner et al (2009) participating in swimming lessons (SL) can reduce by 88% the risk of drowning in children 1–4 years old, despite some controversy regarding the most appropriate swimming programs (Ward, 2009). On the other hand no studies tested the skills acquired in SL in drowning prevention. So we proposed a test to evaluate the survivability of a child that accidentally falls into the water. Methods Twenty two children (4.68±0.82yrs) who practice SL (2.01±0.91yrs/practice) were subjected to two tests: aquatic readiness (AR) (Stallman et al , 2008); and survival test (ST), which consisted of an inflatable boat ride (unknown pool; presence of the usual swim teacher; wearing t-shirt) which 'accidentally' turns. Recorded images were later observed by 6 field experts whose observations obtained an overall index of concordance (IC) of 89%. Results In ST 15 children had positive responses (n=10, 100% IC; n=1, 66% IC; n=1, 83% IC; n=3, 50% IC) and 7 (n=6, 100% IC; n=1, 66% IC) would be in danger. Conclusions Through this test, we found that not all children whose result was positive in AR had a positive performance in the ST. This brings us to observe according to Langendörfer (2011) that the positive or negative response of the subject depends on the interaction of various constraints such as individual characteristics, the environment conditions, and the state in which the swimmer is. The application of ST suggests that the inclusion of safety and prevention activities in swimming lessons, aiming to develop attitudes and motor skills as a defense to drowning, must be taken into account. More studies are necessary to provide valid information to assist pediatricians in advising parents regarding what type of SL are more appropriate to reduce drowning.
Handbook of Clinical Allergy: A Practical Guide to Patient Management
Authors: Irwin Polk
Journal: JAMA (1982)

What should we look for in a handbook? Should it be sized to be conveniently carried as a ready reference? Or should it merely be a concise reference book covering a particular subject? Dr Speer describes the purpose of his handbook as to demonstrate how methods of allergy management may best be put to use. Accordingly, more than half of the 244 pages of this book deal with allergy management protocols. Drewing on the experience of the author and three colleagues at his clinic, Speer presents diagnostic and therapeutic programs for the major allergic disorders, including asthma, upper respiratory tract allergies, dermatitis, urticaria, drug allergy, insect sting sensitivity, and other topics. The presentations are well organized but limited in extent, perhaps because of the handbook format.  Of special value are the pictures and tables. One chapter presents drawings and photographs of the important pollen and mold spore offenders as well
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis
Authors: Guohong Han, Xingshun Qi, Wengang Guo, Jing Niu, Ming Bai, Daiming Fan
Journal: Gut (2011)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of anti-fibroblast antibodies in patients with idiopathic or scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and healthy controls. PAH was documented by right-heart catheterisation (mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest &gt;25 mmHg). Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM reactivities of patients with idiopathic PAH (n = 35), scleroderma-associated PAH (n = 10), diffuse (n = 10) or limited cutaneous (n = 10) scleroderma without PAH and age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (n = 65) were analysed by cell-based ELISA and immunoblotting on normal human fibroblasts. As assessed by ELISA, 14 out of 35 (40%) patients with idiopathic PAH and three out of 10 (30%) patients with scleroderma-associated PAH expressed anti-fibroblast IgG antibodies. IgG from all individuals bound to one major 40-kDa protein band. IgG from patients with idiopathic PAH bound to two 25- and 60-kDa bands with a higher intensity than IgG from other individuals. In conclusion, immunoglobulin G anti-fibroblast antibodies are present in the serum of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Immunoglobulin G from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension or scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension express distinct reactivity profiles with fibroblasts antigens, suggesting distinct target antigens.
Association of cadmium exposure with rapidly progressive emphysema in a smoker.
Authors: D Leduc, P de Francquen, D Jacobovitz, R Vandeweyer, R Lauwerys, P De Vuyst
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Rapidly progressive emphysema developed in a 59 year old smoker after exposure to cadmium fumes in a factory. Very high levels of cadmium in air sampled at the workplace and in the patient9s blood, urine, and lung tissue confirmed massive exposure. These data strongly suggest an association between the patient9s cadmium exposure and the development of emphysema.
Analysis of T cell subsets in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by means of monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: O Duke, G S Panayi, G Janossy, L W Poulter, N Tidman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

In an attempt to define the immunoregulatory mechanisms operating in rheumatoid arthritis we have enumerated T cell subsets in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with this disease. The peripheral blood analysis revealed an elevation of the ratio of inducer T cells (OKT4 positive) to suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT5 positive) in patients with clinically active rheumatoid arthritis when compared with normal persons. This was due to a reduction in the percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes in these patients. The synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis differed from the peripheral blood in 2 respects. Firstly, synovial fluid was characterised by a lower helper: suppressor ratio due to an increased number of suppressor/cytotoxic cells, and, secondly, it contained an increased number of activated T cells bearing HLA DR antigens. The majority of these activated T cells belonged to the helper/inducer T cell subset.
Re: Cesare Cozzarini, Claudio Fiorino, Chiara Deantoni, et al. Higher-than-expected Severe (Grade 3–4) Late Urinary Toxicity After Postprostatectomy Hypofractionated Radiotherapy: A Single-institution Analysis of 1176 Patients. Eur Urol 2014;66:1024–30
Authors: Berardino De Bari, Filippo Alongi, Stefano Arcangeli
Journal: European Urology (2014)
TINEA CAPITIS TREATED WITH GRISEOFULVIN.
Authors: R. H. MEARA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1960)

Journal Article TINEA CAPITIS TREATED WITH GRISEOFULVIN. Get access R. H. MEARA R. H. MEARA Assistant Physician to the Skin Dept., Middlesex Hospital, and Consultant Dermatologist, the Goldie Leigh Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 72, Issue 5, 1 May 1960, Pages 169–172, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13869.x Published: 01 May 1960
No one can give consent on behalf of an incompetent adult patient
Authors: J. H Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Widow's fight for husband's sperm Intervention by BMA's ethics committee was ill judged EDrTOR,-The involvement of the BMA's ethics committee in the recent decision by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority to refuse to allow Mrs Diane Blood to be inseminated with sperm obtained from her husband after his death was ill judged.'In a letter to the authority Dr Stuart Horner, the chairman of the ethics committee, said, "ethically, whether the consent is in writing or given orally is irrelevant.The essential issue is the quality of that consent."No reasonable person would be likely to disagree with that sensible statement.However, he went on to say, "From the information portrayed in the media there is no evidence that Mr Blood had clearly thought through the issue."Many people are extremely concerned that the ethics committee made representations to the authority on the basis of evidence purely derived from the media.As it happens, there is ample evidence that both Mr and Mrs Blood had con- sidered this issue extremely seriously before Mr Blood's sudden death.
Metabolic syndrome and mortality
Authors: Andrew Farmer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The metabolic syndrome was originally used to describe a clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It was hoped that study of metabolic syndrome might provide valuable information about the aetiology, epidemiology, treatment, and clinical prediction of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although most people with metabolic syndrome have insulin resistance, it is not known whether this is one of the primary causes. Further work has focused on the possibility of an association with an underlying inflammatory or prothrombotic state. The clinical value of diagnosing metabolic syndrome remains controversial.

A major attraction of categorising people by the presence of metabolic syndrome is the possibility of more accurate prediction of cardiovascular …
Principles and Practice of Pediatrics
Authors: Allan D. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This new textbook takes a new and refreshing approach to pediatrics. The editors have chosen to divide it into five major parts, each essentially independent and self-contained. Part 1 covers general pediatrics. These 250 pages contain topics relevant for all pediatricians and would-be pediatricians. For those of us who enjoy the history of medicine, the chapter by Dr Harold Harrison on the history of pediatrics in the United States is particularly enjoyable. Dr Evan Charney does an excellent job of putting the field into perspective, providing relevant demographic data and a view of where pediatrics may be headed. The editors include chapters on topics that are gaining in importance, such as medical ethics, molecular genetics, and economics, and some that are frequently overlooked in pediatric training, such as how to read the medical literature and the proper use of consultations. They are successful in presenting these topics in light of
293 THE IMPORTANCE OF COLONOSCOPIC INVESTIGATION IN THE PATIENTS WITH “CRYPTOGENIC” PYOGENIC LIVER ABSCESS – 7 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: S.W. Jeong, J.Y. Jang, S.W. Hong, S.H. Lee, S.G. Kim, Y.K. Cheon, Y.S. Kim, Y.D. Cho, H.S. Kim, J.O. Kim, B.S. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Renal brush border membrane lipid composition in Basenji dogs with spontaneous idiopathic Fanconi syndrome
Authors: Betty Y.L. Hsu, Susanne L. Wehrli, John R. Yandrasitz, Elizabeth A. Fenstermacher, Michael J. Palmieri, Claire T. Rea, Pamela D. McNamara, Kenneth C. Bovee, Stanton Segal
Journal: Metabolism (1994)
Iron treatment in the elderly.
Authors: B N Littlepage, R Mapes
Journal: BMJ (1980)

dependent of the area of liposclerosis at the beginning of treatment.With leg ulcers there is some evidence' that healing follows a logarithmic curve, large ulcers healing faster than small ones.This biological phenomenon may well apply to the healing of liposclerosis; if so transformation-of the data is essential before paired comparisons are made.In the discussion the authors mention that other methods of assessing healing, such as percentage change, appeared to offer no advantages, but in what respect ?
Pseudotumor of the bile duct associated with autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: T. Kurihara, T. Itoi, A. Sofuni, F. Itokawa, T. Tsuchiya, F. Moriyasu
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a well-established entity that can be associated with biliary abnormalities [1]. Peroral cholangioscopic images of such biliary lesions are rarely available, however. We report here a patient with autoimmune pancreatitis who was found to have a pseudotumor in the bile duct.
45 HBsAg seroconversion in adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients
Authors: M. Shiffman, P. Marcellin, L. Jeffers, S. Gordon, M. Peters, M. Rizzetto, P. Buggisch, D. Vetter, G.S. Choy, C. Westland, S. Arterburn, G. Currie, C.L. Brosgart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Litigation in maternity care is rising, says National Audit Office
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A fifth of all funding for maternity services in England, or around £700 (€840; $1125) of the total £3700 per birth, is now spent on clinical negligence cover, the National Audit Office has said.1 The figure is described as “absolutely scandalous” by Margaret Hodge, chairwoman of the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee.

The NAO’s report said that litigation in maternity care was rising: the number of claims rose by 80% in the five years to 2012-13. Trusts …
The Role of Calcium in the Activation of Estrogen Receptor-Alpha
Authors: Shailaja D. Divekar, Geoffrey B. Storchan, Katherine Sperle, David J. Veselik, Earl Johnson, Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy, Yuse N. Lajiminmuhip, Rebecca E. Nakles, Li Huang, Mary Beth Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Results shed light on a potentially important mechanism involved in estrogen mimicry at the estrogen receptor-alpha, with implications for understanding breast cancer risk and the development of novel therapeutics for treatment of endocrine independent breast cancer.
THE GROWTH OF THE OVARIAN FOLLICLE OF THE GUINEA PIG UNDER NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: L. S. N. Walsh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. The growth .energy of the granulosa cells in the ovarian follicles of normal guinea pig ovaries varies with the size of the follcle, and follows a definite growth curve. The growth energy in small follicles is relatively low, then a gradual rise takes place with increase in size of the follicle up to a maximum which is reached when the follicle attains medium size. This ascending part of the curve is followed by a gradual fall in growth energy until in large follicles the proliferative power has fallen almost to the level of small follicles. Synchronously with maturity of the follicles there is an abrupt fall in growth energy to near the zero point. 2. There is a distinct localization of mitoses in the follicle. The large majority of mitoses is found in the perioval part. With increase in the growth energy which characterizes medium follicles, there is an increase in the proliferative power of the cells more distal to the egg, but still near the egg. We may therefore conclude on the basis of our observations and on the previous observations of Loeb, that the egg exerts a stimulus, which causes proliferation of the granulosa cells. 3. Under pathological conditions certain changes occur in the growth energy of the follicle: (a) Granulosa degeneration causes in the living cells a diminution in the proliferative power which is proportionate to the extent of the degeneration. (b) Hypotypical follicles have approximately the same or only slightly diminished proliferative power as normal ones, and thus their failure to grow is essentially due to disintegration of the granulosa cells.
In Edinburgh and Cardiff
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SIR David Wilkie, the friend of Sir Walter Scott, once said of Scotland's capital:What the tour of Europe was necessary to see elsewhere I now find congregated in one city. Here are alike the beauties of Prague and Salzburg, the romantic sites of Orvieto and Tivoli and all the magnificence of the admired bays of Genoa and Naples. Here indeed to the poetic fancy may be found realised the Roman Capitol and the Grecian acropolis.Happily, this picturesque commentary remains largely appropriate today, and because of these attractions the Edinburgh International Festival has brought many visitors to the city . . .