tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of crystal induced neutrophil responses by opsonisation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals.
Authors: H.M Burt, J.K Jackson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--Little is known about the effect on crystal induced neutrophil responses of the opsonisation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) (triclinic) crystals with components of serum and plasma. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of precoating CPPD crystals with plasma, serum, complement depleted serum, and IgG on a full range of crystal induced neutrophil responses (calcium mobilisation, chemiluminescence, superoxide anion production, non-cytolytic lysosomal enzyme release, and leukotriene synthesis). METHODS--Crystals were precoated with IgG, serum, plasma, or complement depleted serum (heated at 56 degrees C), incubated with neutrophils and the responses monitored with time. Measurement of the extent of neutrophil association with crystals was based on monitoring the decrease in fluorescence intensity of supernatants when crystals and diphenylhexatriene labelled neutrophils were allowed to settle under gravity. RESULTS--Precoating CPPD crystals with IgG, plasma, and serum significantly enhanced chemiluminescence, superoxide anion generation, increases in cytosolic free calcium levels, and non-cytolytic lysosomal enzyme release by neutrophils compared with uncoated CPPD crystals. The enhancement of neutrophil responses by crystals coated with complement depleted serum was less pronounced. The increased neutrophil responses induced by CPPD crystals coated with IgG might have been due to the observed increase in the association of IgG coated crystals with neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS--These data show that there is a marked potentiation of all neutrophil responses to IgG, plasma, and serum coated CPPD crystals. It is suggested that the adsorption of synovial fluid proteins, including IgG and C3b, to CPPD crystals in vivo, results in the opsonised crystals becoming a potent neutrophil stimulant and inflammatory agent.
The Long-Term Therapeutic Management of Epilepsy
Authors: Jacqueline French
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To provide a rational strategy for the evaluation and long-term management of epilepsy. Data Sources: Articles written between 1964 and 1993, obtained from a MEDLINE search on epilepsy-related topics as well as from the author's personal files, major reference books on antiepileptic drugs, and references identified from these books. Study Selection: Articles were selected if they contained well-documented information comparing antiepileptic drugs, represented controlled clinical trials, or were considered "key" articles of clinical relevance. Data Synthesis: Epilepsy is a chronic condition requiring careful long-term management. The treatment is complex, involving classification and diagnosis, selection and monitoring of the appropriate antiepileptic agent, and evaluation of the chosen drug's side effects and drug interactions. Because these side effects increase when drugs are combined, monotherapy is recommended. Long-term management issues and optimal drug selection differ from patient to patient. If seizures are not controlled by medication, the patient may have been misdiagnosed or misclassified. Noncompliance, a major cause of apparent unresponsiveness to treatment, should also be ruled out. Recognizing that current therapy is not ideal for many patients, new pharmacologic and surgical therapies are briefly discussed. Conclusions: Physicians can pursue a rational strategy for the management of epilepsy if they understand the risks and benefits of various pharmacologic and therapeutic options and if they maintain open lines of communication with the patient.
AIDS expert doubts vaccine will be found in near future
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Wiltshire police investigating unspecified allegations against a paediatrician at Southampton General Hospital are seeking expert medical evidence outside the UK.The case concerns a paediatrician who was involved in the care of a child whose mother was later charged with murder.Marianne Williams, then 22, was charged in 2004 with the murder of her 15 month old son, Joshua Taylor, whom she was alleged to have poisoned with salt.She was found not guilty in October last year after a six week trial at Winchester Crown Court.Wiltshire police officers are also under investigation for their role in the case.The Independent Police Complaints Commission said that it was "midway through" an investigation into a complaint about the conduct of the criminal investigation.Six officers had been served with official notice of the inquiry, although "this in no way implies guilt or wrongdoing on the part of any officer," the commission said.Detective Superintendent James Vaughan, the officer leading the Wiltshire force's inquiry into the allegations against the doctor, confirmed that Wiltshire Police would not be seeking medical advice in the case from any British doctors-a claim posted on the website forum Mothers Against Munchausen Allegations."In order to maintain the confidence of Joshua's family, and to identify an independent specialist who has had no connection with this or any other similar sets of circumstances in the United Kingdom, it has been necessary to seek assistance from overseas," Detective Superintendent Vaughan said.This was, he insisted, "not a reflection on the Wiltshire police's confidence in the United Kingdom experts."However, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said it was "confident that we have eminent experts in the UK who can offer an independent and authoritative opinion." Police look abroad for salt case expertUK NEWS Remedy UK loses court case, p1134
More than 40% of children in parts of Africa have experienced physical violence
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

One in 10 children in some parts of Africa have been victims of both physical and sexual violence, shows research that surveyed more than 20 000 young people in five countries. And more than 40% of the children had experienced physical violence during the previous 12 months, the research found ( Bulletin of the World Health Organisation doi:10.2471/BLT.07.047423).

The researchers also found an association between exposure to violence (defined by a positive response to the questions “During the past 12 months how many times were you involved in a physical fight” or “Have you ever been physically forced to have sexual intercourse?”) and children’s behaviour with adverse effects …
Phenotypic and functional analysis of positive selection in the gamma/delta T cell lineage.
Authors: F B Wells, Y Tatsumi, J A Bluestone, S M Hedrick, J P Allison, L A Matis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Recent evidence suggests that T cells expressing gamma/delta antigen receptors (T cell receptor [TCR]) are subject to positive selection during development. We have shown that T cells expressing a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-specific gamma/delta TCR transgene (tg) are not positively selected in class I MHC-deficient, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) gene knockout mice (tg+ beta 2m-). In this report, we examine phenotypic and functional parameters of gamma/delta positive selection in this transgenic model system. TCR-gamma/delta tg+ thymocytes of mature surface phenotype (heat stable antigen-, CD5hi) were found in beta 2m+ but not in beta 2m- mice. Moreover, subsets of tg+ thymocytes with the phenotype of activated T cells (interleukin [IL]2R+, CD44hi, or Mel-14lo) were also present only in the beta 2m+ mice. Cyclosporine A, which blocks positive selection of TCR-alpha/beta T cells, also inhibited gamma/delta tg+ T cell development. These results support the idea that positive selection of TCR-gamma/delta requires active TCR-mediated signal transduction. Whereas tg+ beta 2m+ thymocytes produced IL-2 and proliferated when stimulated by alloantigen, TCR engagement of tg+ beta 2m- thymocytes by antigen induced IL-2R expression but was uncoupled from the signal transduction pathway leading to IL-2 production and autocrine proliferation. Overall, these results demonstrate significant parallels between gamma/delta and alpha/beta lineage development, and suggest a general role for TCR signaling in thymic maturation.
Doctors test drug to prevent cancer in high risk women
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A drug that outperforms tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer is being investigated for its potential benefits in preventing the disease in women at high risk.

Anastrozole has already been shown to reduce the recurrence of breast cancer by 70%, some 25% more than tamoxifen. If it proves equally effective in preventing first time occurrence of breast cancer, experts say, anastrozole could drastically reduce the incidence of hormone sensitive breast cancers around the world. About 70% of the 30 000 breast cancers that occur in postmenopausal women in the United Kingdom each year are hormone sensitive.

The second international breast cancer intervention study (IBIS …
Effect of polybrominated biphenyls on hepatic excretory function in rats and mice.
Authors: S Z Cagen, J E Gibson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) on hepatic excretory function in developing and adult rats and mice. Prenatal or postnatal dietary exposure to PBBs (50 ppm in diet of pregnant or lactating mother or in diet of rat weanlings) resulted in elevated liver weight in developing rats. In 15-day-old rats that had been treated with PBBs increased liver weight correlated to enhanced ouabain transport from plasma into bile. Liver weight was also elevated in 21, 35, and 49-day-old rats exposed to PBBs, but this effect was not associated with stimulation of ouabain transport in these animals. However, adult rats fed 100 ppm PBBs for two weeks had significantly lower plasma concentrations of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and increased biliary excretion of BSP, when compared to controls. PBBs-fed adult rats also excreted a greater percentage conjugated BSP (BSP-GSH) into bile. Two week dietary treatment of 100, 150, and 200 ppm PBBs resulted in enhanced initial disappearance of indocyanine green (ICG) from plasma of adult mice. However, dietary doses of 100 and 200 ppm PBBs to adult mice was not associated with enhanced capacity for ouabain excretion. In contrast, treatment with PBBs through the mother's diet (50 ppm) resulted in an almost twofold increase in cumulative ouabain excretion in 15-day-old mice. The results suggest that PBBs stimulate hepatic drug elimination in rats and mice, but the magnitude of the effect is dependent on age and transported compound.
Lineage-specific chimaerism after stem cell transplantation in children following reduced intensity conditioning: potential predictive value of NK cell chimaerism for late graft rejection
Authors: S Matthes-Martin, T Lion, O A Haas, F Frommlet, H Daxberger, M König, D Printz, D Scharner, C Eichstill, C Peters, A Lawitschka, H Gadner, G Fritsch
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Premature terminator analysis sheds light on a hidden world of bacterial transcriptional attenuation
Authors: Magali Naville, Daniel Gautheret
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Abstract Background Bacterial transcription attenuation occurs through a variety of cis -regulatory elements that control gene expression in response to a wide range of signals. The signal-sensing structures in attenuators are so diverse and rapidly evolving that only a small fraction have been properly annotated and characterized to date. Here we apply a broad-spectrum detection tool in order to achieve a more complete view of the transcriptional attenuation complement of key bacterial species. Results Our protocol seeks gene families with an unusual frequency of 5' terminators found across multiple species. Many of the detected attenuators are part of annotated elements, such as riboswitches or T-boxes, which often operate through transcriptional attenuation. However, a significant fraction of candidates were not previously characterized in spite of their unmistakable footprint. We further characterized some of these new elements using sequence and secondary structure analysis. We also present elements that may control the expression of several non-homologous genes, suggesting co-transcription and response to common signals. An important class of such elements, which we called mobile attenuators, is provided by 3' terminators of insertion sequences or prophages that may be exapted as 5' regulators when inserted directly upstream of a cellular gene. Conclusions We show here that attenuators involve a complex landscape of signal-detection structures spanning the entire bacterial domain. We discuss possible scenarios through which these diverse 5' regulatory structures may arise or evolve.
Scoliosis in the community.
Authors: R A Dickson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Screening for scoliosis at schools has become more and more popular despite the lack of knowledge concerning the clinical course of idiopathic scoliosis. An epidemiological study of 5303 schoolchildren showed three types of scoliosis in the community: (1) pelvic tilt scoliosis (an inconsequential deformity caused by an inequality in the length of the legs but accounting for almost 40% of curves detected); (2) spinal scoliosis (a minor asymmetry of the spine in the coronal plane that tends to remain static or to resolve and which may be normal in growing children, accounting for the remaining 60%); and (3) progressive scoliosis (10% of the spinal scolioses measuring 10 degrees or more that progress by 5 degrees or more a year). Progressive scoliosis resembles idiopathic scoliosis because in girls with right thoracic curves the potential for progression is appreciable. Until the natural history is better established growing awareness in the community of spinal deformity should help earlier detection, and screening should be directed towards providing subjects for further epidemiological work.
Abstract 3770: PK/PD/Efficacy characterization of AZ285, a selective CK2 kinase inhibitor
Authors: Patricia Schroeder, Marat Alimzhanov, Patrick Brassil, Christopher R. Denz, James E. Dowling, Paul D. Lyne, Emma L. Cooke
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) is an abundant, highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinase with numerous physiological targets and participates in the maintenance of cell viability with a role in cell growth and proliferation. While the expression level of CK2 in normal cells is tightly regulated, there is an increasing body of evidence demonstrating it's over expression in cancerous cells, thereby making inhibition a viable chemotherapeutic target. Here we will describe a mathematical tumor growth inhibition model describing the relationship between systemic exposure to a potent inhibitor of CK2 (AZ285) and efficacy in the HCT116 xenograft model. Furthermore, a PK/PD model describing the onset, intensity, and duration of the pAKT and cleaved caspase 3 response as function of concentration and time is described and linked to pre-clinical xenograft efficacy outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3770. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3770
Seasonal rhinitis and azelastine: Long- or short-term treatment☆, ☆☆, ★, ★★
Authors: G CIPRANDI, V RICCA, G PASSALACQUA, T TRUFFELI, C BERTOLINI, N FIORINO, A RICCIO, M BAGNASCO, G CANONICA
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
Abstract 418: Low Plaque Tensile Stress May be a Driving Force to Plaque Regression: Contrast Enhanced MRI Study in a Porcine Model of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Jie Zheng, Dana Abendschein, Ruth J Okamoto, Deshan Yang, Kyle McCommis, Robert J Gropler, Dalin Tang
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Low and oscillatory flow shear stress (SS) is thought to promote the initialization and progression of early atherosclerosis. However, the flow SS appears to have no effect on plaque regression fro...
A Clinical and Serological Study of Chronic Active Hepatitis.
Authors: Margaret J. Maclachlan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964A Clinical and Serological Study of Chronic Active Hepatitis.Margaret J. Maclachlan, M.D., Gerald P. Rodnan, M.D., William M. Cooper, M.D., F.A.C.P., Robert H. Fennell Jr., M.D.Margaret J. Maclachlan, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Gerald P. Rodnan, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William M. Cooper, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Robert H. Fennell Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-808_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe nature of chronic active (so-called lupoid) hepatitis and its possible relationship to systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) is still obscure. We studied the clinical, pathological, and serological manifestations in fourteen women with chronic active hepatitis and marked hypergammaglobulinemia. Histologic examination of the liver in these patients has revealed a variable degree of liver cell necrosis and periportal inflammation characterized by infiltrations of lymphocytes and plasma cells and lesser number of eosinophiles and neutrophilic leukocytes. Some degree of scarring has been noted and it has become more marked as the disease has progressed.A number of serologic abnormalities have been present... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 808-808KeywordsChronic hepatitisHepatitisHepatitis AHypergammaglobulinemiaInflammationLiverLupus erythematosusLymphocytesNecrosisPlasma cells Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
CONTINUED FUNCTION OF PANCREATIC ISLETS AFTER TRANSPLANTATION IN TYPE I DIABETES
Authors: G.L. Warnock, N.M. Kneteman, E.A. Ryan, M.G. Evans, R.E.A. Seelis, P.F. Halloran, A. Rabinovitch, R.V. Rajotte
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Depressed responsiveness to vasoconstrictor and dilator agents and baroreflex sensitivity in conscious, newborn lambs.
Authors: W T Manders, M Pagani, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The effects of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators were compared in conscious, newborn lambs and adult sheep instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes on the ascending aorta and catheters in the thoracic aorta. Methoxamine, angiotensin II, norepinephrine, nitroglycerin and isoproterenol were administered intravenously to evaluate their effects on arterial pressure, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). The difference in response between adults and newborns was most apparent with methoxamine. Methoxamine, 400 micrograms/kg, i.v., which increased mean arterial pressure by 57 +/- 6% and SVR by 278 +/- 27% in newborn lambs, caused greater increases (p less than 0.01) of 81 +/- 8% and 1418 +/- 141%, respectively, in the adults. Responses also differed significantly between newborn and adult animals to norepinephrine, angiotensin II, nitroglycerin and isoproterenol. In a second group of animals in which smaller amounts of methoxamine and isoproterenol were injected directly into the terminal aorta, changes in terminal aortic flow and resistance were examined. Again, both vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses were more marked in adults than in newborns. Finally, the sensitivity of the arterial baroreceptor reflex was evaluated by comparing the regression of pulse interval (PI) on systolic arterial pressure (SAP) after an intravenous dose of methoxamine in conscious, adult and newborn animals. The PI/SAP slopes in adult sheep, 45.4 +/- 3.5 msec/mm Hg, were significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than in newborn lambs, 11.7 +/- 2.2 msec/mm Hg.
Paris, April 1950
Authors: Jeffrey I. Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Ad Libitum15 September 1997Paris, April 1950Jeffrey I. Cohen, MDJeffrey I. Cohen, MDNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-6-199709150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Yesterday the invitation arrivedDrawing me to Dr. HomburgerAnd his hospital in America.Tomorrow I sail to Boston in searchOf my hands.Forty years ago I painted with Braque at l'Estaque.The cubist edges cut too deep into my paletteAnd I joined Matisse and became a Fauve.I covered my canvases only with the colors that I could feelAvoiding those that I could see.Unsatisfied I traveled to Munich, Normandy, MarseilleSaw the terrible women of AvignonAnd found myself on the Riviera in Vence.Injections. Underwent ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Corresponding Author: Jeffrey I. Cohen, MD, Building 10, Room 11N214, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1997Volume 127, Issue 6Page: 488-489KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneArthritisHand strengthHeartRacial and ethnic issuesRheumatoid arthritis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract LB-25: CD147 promotes reprogramming of glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in HCC cells by inhibiting p53-dependent signaling pathway
Authors: Qichao Huang, Jibin Li, Jinliang Xing
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background &amp; Aims: Cancer cells exhibit the reprogrammed metabolism characterized by high level of glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, supplys cancer cells with the substrates required for biomass generation. To date, several intracellular signaling mediators have been identified in metabolic regulation of cancer cells. However, it remains largely ambiguous how molecules on cell surface are involved in regulation of cancer metabolism. Methods: In the current study, we established several HCC cell lines differing in their CD147 (a typical transmembrane glycoprotein) expression status by zinc-finger nuclease and RNAi techniques. Then, we systematically investigated the role of CD147 in the regulation of Warburg effect in HCC cells and explored the underlying mechanism. Results: We found that CD147 significantly contributed to the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in HCC cells through a p53-dependent way. CD147 facilitated the cell surface expression of MCT1 and lactate export, which led to the activation of PI3K/Akt/MDM2 pathway and thus increased p53 degradation. The gain/loss-of-function studies demonstrated that while CD147 promoted glycolysis mediated by p53-dependent up-regulation of GLUT1 and activation of PFKL; it inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis and functions mediated by p53-dependent down-regulation of PGC1α, TFAM and P53R2. Additionally, proliferation of HCC cells was suppressed by blocking CD147 and/or MCT1 which resulted in down-regulation of glucose metabolism. Conclusions: we demonstrate that CD147 is a crucial regulator of glucose metabolism. Citation Format: Qichao Huang, Jibin Li, Jinliang Xing. CD147 promotes reprogramming of glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in HCC cells by inhibiting p53-dependent signaling pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-25. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-25