tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ephraim M. Sklyansky
Authors: Robert L. Chesanow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THIS is the brief story of a physician who came to prominence in the Russian Revolution of 1917, held several important government posts and then, because of his political associations and his premature death, all but vanished from history.Ephraim Markovich Sklyansky was born in Vinnitsa in 1892 and spent his childhood in Zhitomir. Both cities are in the Ukraine, some 100 miles east of Kiev. Consistently a high-ranking student at the gymnasium, he took his medical degree from the Faculty of Medicine, Kiev University. While still at the University, Sklyansky became active in a student revolutionary movement; in 1913, . . .
Scintigraphy in Osteitis Condensans Ilii
Authors: Robert Loneragan, Kate Archer, Andrew Perry, Phillip Beale, Hans Van Der Wall
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 42-year-old asymptomatic woman presented for a bone scan after excision of a carcinoma of the left breast with axillary lymph node metastases. Her last pregnancy had been complicated by back pain, which resolved spontaneously. Physical examination was unremarkable. Bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake in the right sacroiliac joint, thought to be the result of either a solitary metastatic deposit or sacroiliitis. Plain films showed diffuse sclerosis of the right ilium and adjacent sacroiliac joint. Computed tomography revealed sclerosis around the sacroiliac joint with sparing of the joint space and no evidence of erosions. This was thought to be the characteristic change of osteitis condensans ilii (OCI).
Malaria vaccine trial shows lower efficacy in younger than in older infants
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A candidate malaria vaccine has produced disappointing results, showing lower efficacy in young babies than it does in older infants, the latest trial data show.

The efficacy of the vaccine RTS,S/AS01 in infants aged 6-12 weeks against clinical and severe malaria was 31% and 37%, respectively, found the study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine .1 Last year phase 1 clinical trials of the same vaccine in infants aged 5-17 months showed an efficacy rate of 56% for clinical malaria and 47% for severe malaria.2

Salim Abdulla, principal investigator in the trial, which is being conducted by a partnership between the drug firm GlaxoSmithKline, the Malaria Vaccine Initiative, and 11 African research centres, said that the study showed the …
Complement fixation by rheumatoid factor.
Authors: K Tanimoto, N R Cooper, J S Johnson, J H Vaughan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The capacity for fixation and activation of hemolytic complement by polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) isolated from sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and monoclonal IgM-RF isolated from the cryoprecipitates of patients with IgM-IgG mixed cryoglobulinemia was examined. RF mixed with aggregated, reduced, and alkylated human IgG (Agg-R/A-IgG) in the fluid phase failed to significantly reduce the level of total hemolytic complement, CH50, or of individual complement components, C1, C2, C3, and C5. However, sheep erythrocytes (SRC) coated with Agg-R/A-IgG or with reduced and alkylated rabbit IgG anti-SRC antibody were hemolyzed by complement in the presence of polyclonal IgM-RF. Human and guinea pig complement worked equally well. The degree of hemolysis was in direct proportion to the hemagglutination titer of the RF against the same coated cells. Monoclonal IgM-RF, normal human IgM, and purified Waldenström macroglobulins without antiglobulin activity were all inert. Hemolysis of coated SRC by RF and complement was inhibited by prior treatment of the complement source with chelating agents, hydrazine, cobra venom factor, specific antisera to C1q, CR, C5, C6, or C8, or by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. Purified radiolabeled C4, C3, and C8 included in the complement source were bound to hemolysed SRC in direct proportion to the degree of hemolysis. These data indicate that polyclonal IgM-RF fix and activate complement via the classic pathway. The system described for assessing complement fixation by isolated RF is readily adaptable to use with whole human serum.
Clinical Use of Drugs in Patients With Kidney and Liver Disease
Authors: Anil K. Mandal
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The 20-chapter<i>Clinical Use of Drugs in Patients With Kidney and Liver Disease</i>is a first-of-a-kind book sorely needed by practicing physicians of all disciplines. Over the last two decades there has been increasing use in renal disease of drugs such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressives and, in hypertension, vasodilators or blocking agents. Diuretics also are commonly used in renal disease, hypertension, and liver disease. These drugs are potent and effective, but are often associated with side effects. Side effects can be mild, requiring reduction of the dosage, or alarming, warranting complete withdrawal. Prompt and early recognition of side effects, especially in patients with renal insufficiency, is vitally important to avert irreversible adverse effects. Monitoring of dosage and side effects and methods to control toxicity are discussed with remarkable explicitness. The book is extremely well written, up to date, and easily read, with comprehensive references to articles on drug usage. The
Expression of E-selectin and E-selectin ligands in human liver inflammation
Authors: D H Adams, S G Hubscher, N C Fisher, A Williams, M Robinson
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Lymphocyte recruitment to tissue is regulated by homing molecules expressed on subsets of leukocytes that bind to endothelial adhesion molecules termed addressins in target tissues. The addressins and homing molecules involved in recruiting lymphocytes to inflamed human liver are not known. E–selectin, which acts as an addressin for a subset of skin–infiltrating T cells that express a distinct E–selectin ligand called the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA), can be detected on endothelium in inflammatory liver diseases suggesting it might also act as an addressin for liver–infiltrating lymphocytes. To determine whether E–selectin does play such a role we looked for concomitant expression of E–selectin on hepatic endothelium and E–selectin ligands on infiltrating lymphocytes in liver sections from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), acute allograft rejection, alcoholic liver disease, and normal liver. E–selectin was detected on vascular endothelium in association with lymphocytic infiltrates in all three liver diseases but not on normal endothelium. However, less that 10% of infiltrating lymphocytes expressed the only known lymphocyte E–selectin ligand, CLA. We used E–selectin chimeric fusion proteins to probe for novel E–selectin ligands on liver–infiltrating lymphocytes; however, less than 10% of lymphocytes had t he ability to bind the fusion proteins. Thus, E–selectin is unlikely to act as an addressin for liver–infiltrating lymphocytes, suggesting that other molecules are involved in lymphocyte recruitment to the liver. Despite the lack of binding to lymphocytes other structures in the liver expressed CLA and bound the E–selectin fusion proteins. Inflamed, but not normal, intrahepatic bile ducts expressed CLA and bound E–selectin, suggesting that they express activation dependent carbohydrate binding receptors. Furthermore, Kupffer cells did not express CLA but bound to both E–selectin fusion proteins, suggesting that they express potentially novel E–selectin ligands.
Direct bacterial protein PAMP recognition by human NK cells involves TLRs and triggers α-defensin production
Authors: Anick Chalifour, Pascale Jeannin, Jean-François Gauchat, Aline Blaecke, Martine Malissard, Thien N'Guyen, Nathalie Thieblemont, Yves Delneste
Journal: Blood (2004)
'Short Leg' and Sciatica
Authors: James Peter Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have been intrigued for many years by the misinterpretation of the alleged shortening of the affected lower extremity in the sciatic syndrome. In the first place, the measurement from the hip bone to the inner ankle is not the length of the extremity, it is the length of the distance from the iliac crest to the ankle. "Shortening" on the affected side will almost invariably be found in patients with disk problems, for example, resulting from a slight, often imperceptible involuntary flexion of the knee and plantar flexion of the foot. This is designed to relieve sciatic pain to a degree of releasing the stretch on the nerve root, particularly where it is compressed intraspinally by a disk protrusion or other form of pinching. This habit posture may become so chronic as to produce actual anatomic shortening of the hamstrings and of the Achilles tendon. A
Preoperative MRI fails to reduce risk of incomplete tumour excision in small breast cancers
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Adding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the preoperative assessment of women with small breast cancers fails to reduce the rate of reoperation for incompletely excised tumours, a major UK technology assessment has shown.

The number of women requiring a repeat operation or mastectomy after initial lumpectomy rose from 14.2% in 2001-2 to 17% 2006-7, posing a considerable burden to the women affected and to the NHS. This rate of reoperation is well above the NHS Breast Cancer Screening Programmes’ quality assurance target rate of 10%.

Currently, women …
EESTJLTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF STUDENTS' EYESIN THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
Authors: WILLIAM CAMPBELL POSEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The present report is based on the examinations made of students' eyes during the college year of 1905-06. Eight hundred and eighty-three students were examined, and as the tests were conducted with great care and thoroughness, and were supplementary to an equally exhaustive study of the entire physical condition of each student, it was thought that an analysis of the results might be of value, not only to ophthalmologists, but to educators also, and even to the public at large. While some may question the desirability of making exercise and care of the body part of a university course, no one can criticise the endeavor to ascertain the ocular defects of the student and the expediency of correcting any existing errors of refraction. Such tests have been practiced at the University of Pennsylvania since 1897, but until 1904, when the completion of the gymnasium rendered the examination of a very
PTU-081 Treatment and surveillance of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder in the UK: result of a survey
Authors: G Marangoni, A Hakeem, G J Toogood, J P A Lodge, R K Prasad
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The management of gallbladder polyps (GBP) is still controversial. The increased use of routine abdominal imaging has led to a parallel surge of identified polypoid lesions in the gallbladder. The vast majority of these lesions are benign. True polyps, which are less frequent, have a malignant potential and surgery can prevent/treat early gallbladder cancer. In an era of constraint on health care resources it is important to offer cholecystectomy only to patients who have appropriate indications. <h3>Methods</h3> The aim of this study was to assess the treatment and surveillance policies of GBP among hepatobiliary and upper GI surgeons in UK in the light of the current published literature. A questionnaire on GBP was devised and sent to the Consultant Surgeon members of the Association of Upper GI Surgeons (AUGIS) of Great Britain and Ireland after approval from the AUGIS Committee. There were eight questions regarding indications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and surveillance based on GBP characteristics (size, number and growth rate), and patient characteristics (age, comorbidities and ethnicity). <h3>Results</h3> There were 79 completed questionnaires. Three-quarters of surgeons consider 1cm as the size threshold for recommending surgery but 9% would consider LC irrespective of GBP size. 25% would recommend LC for multiple polyps irrespective of the size of the largest GBP. 28% of surgeons emphasise a growth rate of 5 mm or more as an indication for LC; more than 50% would not offer LC unless the polyp size matches their criteria for single polyp LC. 25% would recommend surgery for any number increase of GBP between surveillance scans. Surveillance protocols were heterogeneous but about 40% would agree to surveillance up to 5 years. About 30% would not offer LC for octagenarians and 10% would reconsider their surgery treshold according to ethnicity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> GBP are a relatively common finding on abdominal ultrasound scans. About 50 000 LC are performed each year in UK and 800–4000 are for GBP. The survey has shown considerable heterogeneity among surgeons regarding treatment and surveillance protocols. Although no randomised controlled trials exist, international guidelines would help standardisation, formulation of an appropriate algorithm and appropriate use of resources. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Insurance against injury in clinical trials
Authors: P A W Edgar
Journal: BMJ (1994)

dependency unit might permit improved care and provide an acceptably economic option owing to reduced complications, earlier discharges, and reduced use of intensive care facilities.A study of substantial proportions is needed to examine this question, which could have major implications for the organisation of postoperative care.The continuing study of the trauma unit at Staffordshire Royal Infirmary has set a precedent for such research.Similar foresight applied to the question of provision of postoperative care might permit a major and widespread advance in a relatively neglected part of the perioperative period.
Narrative Review: Fabry Disease
Authors: Joe T.R. Clarke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Fabry disease is an X-linked, hereditary, lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A, which results in the accumulation of the neutral glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in the walls of small blood vessels, nerves, dorsal root ganglia, renal glomerular and tubular epithelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. It is a complex, multisystem disorder that is characterized clinically by chronic pain and acroparesthesia, gastrointestinal disturbances, characteristic skin lesions (angiokeratomata), progressive renal impairment, cardiomyopathy, and stroke. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with intravenous infusions of recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A consistently decreases Gb3 levels in plasma and clears lysosomal inclusions from vascular endothelial cells. The effects of ERT on other tissues are not as obvious, suggesting that treatment must be initiated early in the course of the disease to be optimally effective or that some complications of the disease are not responsive to enzymes delivered intravenously.
The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine
Authors: M. Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

James Le Fanu is a general practitioner and medical journalist well known during the 1990s for his exposures of the follies and pretensions of the drive to regulate lifestyle in the cause of promoting public health. In 1999 he raised the polemical stakes in this magisterial survey of modern medicine. Le Fanu boldly insists that “much current medical advice is quackery,” and recommends “the simple expedient of closing down most university departments of epidemiology,” which “could both extinguish this endlessly fertile source of anxiety-mongering while simultaneously releasing funds for …
Efficacy and safety of rifabutin in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis.
Authors: M M McGregor, P Olliaro, L Wolmarans, B Mabuza, M Bredell, M K Felten, P B Fourie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The efficacy and safety of rifabutin (RBT) and rifampicin (RMP) were compared in 298 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. In the initial 8-wk phase, all patients received isoniazid 400 mg/d, ethambutol 1200 mg/d, and pyrazinamide 2 g/d and were randomly allocated to receive either RMP 600 mg/d or RBT 300 mg/d. In the 16-wk continuation phase, patients received intermittent treatment (twice weekly) with isoniazid 600 mg/d, ethambutol 2400 mg/d and either RMP 600 mg/d or RBT 300 mg/d. Two hundred twenty-five (RMP = 118; RBT = 107) patients completed the 24-wk treatment period (evaluable patient population). Bacteriologic conversion rates in the RMP and RBT groups were 87.7 versus 92.0% at Week 8, 99.1 versus 99.0% at Week 12, 93.5 versus 93.8% at Week 24, and 89.8 versus 95.3% at the last valid observation. The mean time to first bacteriologic conversion was 14.1 wk in the RMP group and 14.3 wk in the RBT group. None of these differences was significant. Adverse events were reported by four patients (five events) in the RMP group and six patients (six events) in the RBT group. Those events thought to be associated with RMP were increased SGOT and leucopenia and, with RBT, increased SGOT and thrombocytopenia. Two hundred four patients entered the follow-up phase, and, of these, 95 (RMP = 49; RBT = 46) completed the scheduled 24-mo period. The overall rate of relapse was 3.8% (4/106) for the RMP group and 5.1% (5/98) for the RBT group. These differences were not significant. All relapsed patients, except for two who could not be traced, were successfully retreated. We conclude that the efficacy and tolerability of RBT is equivalent to that of RMP in the treatment of newly diagnosed uncomplicated tuberculosis, and that RBT can be effectively administered in a part-daily, part-intermittent dosage schedule.
Technetium-99m Macroaggregates for the Study of the Distribution of Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy in the Liver
Authors: ERNEST LUBIN, ARNOLD CYJON, MARGALIT NEUMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

One case of primary hepatic tumor and four cases of metastatic liver disease which were treated by intraarterial infusion are reported herein to demonstrate the importance of monitoring the perfused parenchyma by imaging in at least two views (anterior and lateral) after the injection of radiolabeled macroaggregates into the infusion system.
Ulcer Prevention with Misoprostol in Chronic NSAIS Users
Authors: Gustavo R. Heudebert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 February 1994Ulcer Prevention with Misoprostol in Chronic NSAIS UsersGustavo R. Heudebert, MD and W. Paul McKinney, MDGustavo R. Heudebert, MDThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical School; Dallas, Texas 75216Search for more papers by this author and W. Paul McKinney, MDThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical School; Dallas, Texas 75216Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-4-199402150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their randomized clinical trial of misoprostol in patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Graham and colleagues [1] state that “treatment (misoprostol compared with placebo) was the only statistically significant (P = 0.008) term retained in the final model” and that “the number of duodenal erosions at entry. was not statistically significant (P = 0.10)”. These statements raise three concerns. First, the total number of “outcomes” in the duodenal ulcer group was only 17 (5 receiving misoprostol and 12 receiving placebo). Second, as emphasized by Concato and colleagues [2], this small number would only allow for the ...References1. Graham DY, White RH, Moreland LW, Schubert TT, Katz R, Jaszewski R, et al. Duodenal and gastric ulcer prevention with misoprostol in arthritis patients taking NSAIDs. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:257-62. Google Scholar2. Concato J, Feinstein AR, Holford TR. The risk of determining risk with multivariable models. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:201-10. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Gustavo R. Heudebert, MD; W. Paul McKinney, MDAffiliations: The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School; Dallas, Texas 75216 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 4Page: 343KeywordsArthritisConfidence intervalsDrug usersDrugsDuodenal ulcersMedical risk factorsNSAIDsOdds ratioStatistical data ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Functional recovery of impaired left ventricular function following revascularization: predictive value of dual energy single photon emission computed tomography with fluorine-18-deoxyglucose and Technetium-99m-sestamibi
Authors: A. Hashimoto, A.J. Fischman, M. Moroi, H.K. Gold
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Bilateral Blurred Vision in a “Healthy” Adult
Authors: Jaime Levy, Tova Lifshitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 40-year-old man presented with a 5-week history of headaches and blurred vision in both eyes, with no other medical history. He reported having no chest pain or shortness of breath. A physical examination was notable for a blood pressure of 210/130, and the visual acuity was 20/200 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed optic-disk hyperemia and blurring (long arrow), retinal hemorrhage (short arrow), a macular “star” with lipid deposits (arrowhead), and venous congestion, in both the right eye (Panel A) and the left eye (Panel B). The patient was admitted to the hospital and given urgent care. Urinalysis revealed . . .
A MULTI-LOCUS GENETIC RISK SCORE IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCIDENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ISCHEMIC STROKE AMONG 27,471 PARTICIPANTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Olle Melander, Dov Shiffman, J. Gustav Smith, Marketa Sjögren, Judy Louie, Joseph J. Catanese, Gunnar Engström, James Devlin, Sekar Kathiresan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)