tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MULTIPLE DIVERTICULA OF JEJUNUM WITH RESECTION
Authors: John R. Boling
Journal: JAMA (1931)

In March, 1930, I<sup>1</sup>reported, because of its rarity, a case of multiple diverticula of the small intestine. Rothschild,<sup>2</sup>in 1925, collected thirty-three case reports of diverticula of the jejunum, from articles by Balfour, Helvestine,<sup>3</sup>Watson and others. Of this number, nineteen were multiple, and ten of them were not discovered until operation. The case I reported was of a man, J. C. H., aged 58, who was operated on in November, 1929, for intestinal obstruction. At operation I found in the small intestine an enormous number of diverticula, ranging from the size of a pea to that of a walnut. There was only one of the latter size. It was thought at that time that the involved area was the last part of the jejunum and the first of the ileum. The obstruction was relieved and an enterostomy was done. Since the diverticula did not seem
Genetic studies in human and murine giardiasis.
Authors: I C Roberts-Thomson, G F Mitchell, R F Anders, B D Tait, P Kerlin, A Kerr-Grant, P Cavanagh
Journal: Gut (1980)

Genetic markers were analysed in 48 adults who appeared to have a prolonged infection with Giardia lamblia. The frequency of ABO blood groups, Rhesus blood groups, and Gm phenotypes was similar to that in control subjects. However, there was a higher than expected frequency of HLA antigens A1 (observed 46 . 7%, expected 32%) and B12 (observed 47 . 8%, expected 25 . 8%) and a higher than expected frequency of the phenotypes A1/A2 and B12/B27. Genetic studies were also performed with inbred strains of mice showing relatively rapid (BALB/c) and defective (C3H/He) spontaneous elimination of Giardia muris. From analysis in backcross mice several genes appeared to influence susceptibility to prolonged infection with G. muris.
An umbilical nodule with cyclical changes
Authors: M. Mohrenschlager, H. P. Arbogast, V. Henkel
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 47 year old non-parous woman who had never had abdominal surgery was admitted with a four year history of an intermittently palpable nodule in the umbilical region.Initially, she noticed an increase in lesional size and pressure pain, which resolved within a few days.Six months before admission, blue-black discoloration appeared in the umbilical area; this vanished within a week but reappeared cyclically, along with an increase in size of the nodule and localised discomfort.Macroscopic inspection during menstruation showed a sharply confined blue-black macule within the umbilical area.Lesional palpation identified a circumscribed, firm, well relocatable pea sized nodule just below the umbilical skin.Dermoscopy of the area showed features corresponding to a cutaneous haematoma.Questions 1 What is the likely diagnosis? 2 Which differential diagnoses have to be considered?3 Which diagnostic procedure(s) would be appropriate?4 What kind of treatment would you recommend?Answers 1 What is the likely diagnosis?Short answer Umbilical endometriosis.
Can Leprosy Be Neutralized by Year 2000?
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1992)

LEPROSY MUST CEASE to be a public health problem by the year 2000.  That is the resolve of the World Health Organization, the United Nations system's autonomous unit that has headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Its World Health Assembly has adopted a resolution calling for reduction of leprosy's prevalence to less than one case per 10000 population—a point, the assembly says, where it would no longer be a public health threat—by 2000.  Vaccines Could Eradicate  Beyond that, the organization says, eradication could be achieved some time in the next century, especially if the leprosy vaccines that now are under development prove to be effective.  In one of the latest leprosy vaccine reports, investigators in London, England; the Borough of the Bronx, New York, NY; and Caracas, Venezuela, say they compared bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine with and without Mycobacterium leprae antigens among 29 113 persons who had been in contact with patients
Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: William E. Morton
Journal: JAMA (1966)

During an evaluation of heart-disease screening methods among 17,366 Denver parochial school children, congenital heart disease (CHD) epidemiologic data were collected. The CHD prevalence rate was 4.6 cases per 1,000 enrolled and showed no significant variation in the age range studied, between sexes, among three ethnic groups, or among seven socioeconomic strata. Most cases were simple acyanotic defects in persons with few or no symptoms. Atrial-septal defect and valvular pulmonic stenosis were the commonest lesions encountered. Because this study's CHD prevalence rate would have been appreciably lower had only a single screening method been employed and because the generally lower CHD prevalence rates reported by most other studies are related to their simpler screening methods, it is clear that most available CHD prevalence estimates in school children are underestimates.
METHYL ALCOHOL AMBLYOPIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OPTIC NERVE.REPORT OF CASE.
Authors: C. S. G. NAGEL
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The very meritorious report of Drs. Buller and Wood<sup>1</sup>has absolutely established the specifically deleterious effect of wood alcohol on the optic nerve. Until anatomic findings may give us a better insight into the pathology, cases offering special clinical features seem to me to be worth recording. <h3>Previous History.</h3> —It has been my good fortune to come across the patient in Case 80 of the report referred to and to have had this individual under observation for about a year. It is only necessary to recall here that early in October, 1901, this patient became absolutely blind for a number of hours through acute wood alcohol intoxication from imbibing; then a very considerable improvement had been present for some hours, after which blindness had set in again lasting for several days. After improving for a few months, vision had been, on a whole, getting worse ever since. It is
c-Src Kinase Inhibition Reduces Arrhythmia Inducibility and Connexin43 Dysregulation After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cody A. Rutledge, Fu Siong Ng, Matthew S. Sulkin, Ian D. Greener, Artem M. Sergeyenko, Hong Liu, Joanna Gemel, Eric C. Beyer, Ali A. Sovari, Igor R. Efimov, Samuel C. Dudley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Clinical Study of Nonbarbiturate Sedative
Authors: Frank P. Johnson, Jesse L. Bollman, Wendell M. Swenson, Ingeborg C. Nesseler
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Insomnia is a common complaint of variable severity. Among a selected group of 20 institutionalized women the hypnotic effect of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl) was found superior to that of a matching placebo. The hypnotic effect of the placebo was also established. The character of each woman's sleep was determined principally by her own response. Persons with minimal insomnia are poorly suited for this type of subjective evaluation of sleep.
A targeted DNA vaccine encoding Fas ligand defines its dual role in the regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Gizi Wildbaum, Juergen Westermann, Gila Maor, Nathan Karin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

This study used naked DNA vaccination to induce breakdown of tolerance to self and thus elicit immunological memory to native, membrane-bound Fas ligand (FasL). Upon induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), this memory was turned on to provide protective immunity. FasL-specific autoantibodies isolated from protected animals differentially downregulated the in vitro production of TNF-α, but not IFN-γ, by cultured T cells. These autoantibodies were highly protective when they were administered to rats at the onset of EAE. In contrast, administration of these FasL-specific Ab’s to EAE rats after the peak of the acute phase of disease prevented spontaneous recovery from disease. This extended illness is partially explained by inhibition of mononuclear cell apoptosis at the target organ, which resulted in increased accumulation of T cells and macrophages at the site of inflammation. Hence, FasL exerts two distinct, stage-specific regulatory functions in the control of this T-cell mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.
Is attention required in a model of saccade generation?
Authors: David Crundall, Geoffrey Underwood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Removing attention from the saccade generation system should also remove the paradoxical loops that can occur with attention terminology. At least one such loop is still apparent in the current model, however. The benefits of an attention-free approach are assessed through comparison with a recent theory of attention (Logan 1996).
Location of Intestinal Obstruction.
Authors: F. A. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1898)

La Grange, Ill., May 7, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Supplementary to the suggestion of a "Simple and Safe Method in Determining the Location of Intestinal Obstruction," by R. S. Reed of Wheeling, W. Va., I call the attention of the writer to the curious fact, pointed out by Nothnagel of Germany, that when a crystal of carbonate of soda is applied to the peritoneal surface of the intestines, it will invariably excite its contraction and which passes upward toward the stomach, antiperistaltic; never toward the rectum. But one opportunity to test this has been afforded me, which, however, corroborated the assertion of Dr. Nothnagel.
An Unconsidered Factor in the Mountaincure of Phthisis
Authors: C. Creighton
Journal: BMJ (1887)

abd Strychnine.The neural trzuble of herpes zoster is wonderfully controlled by quinine and arsenic.An efficacious treatment of gout used to be by quinine and colchicum.But I must close my list of illustrations by a bare reference to bromine and camphor, lobelia and stramonium, belladonna and chloral ; and simply add my conviction that in no branch of our therapeutic work is there more legitimate ground for extension than in joining together things of different con- stitution and yet similar action.And I have not time to do, more than express a hope that some here to-day will speak from a larger experience of cucaine, electricity, heat and cold, blisters, and mineral waters as essential parts of our apparatus for gaining a mastery over pain.
Calcium Measurements in Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Hans F. Loken
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Since McLean and Hastings<sup>1</sup>presented their classical works in the mid-thirties giving strong evidence that the ionized calcium in the biologically active fraction of the total serum calcium concentration, investigation has proceeded along two lines, one with the objective of establishing the physicochemical conditions determining the binding of calcium to serum proteins, the other trying to relate the biologically active fraction of ionized calcium to various states of disease. The biochemical research has so far enjoyed considerably greater success than the clinical. It has been shown by several subsequent scientists that the relation between ionized and protein-bound calcium is governed by physical and chemical influences, the most important being concentrations of protein and calcium, temperature, pH, and ionic strength. A third and minor fraction, consisting of calcium complexes to organic anions, is usually quite constant, but has not been as thoroughly investigated as the ionized calcium. When the factors
Focal epilepsy in diabetic non-ketotic hyperglycaemia.
Authors: C Grant, C Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus hyperglycaermia without ketosis may be present for months or years before the disease becomes overt.We report five patients, four of whom were not previously known to have diabetes, who presented with focal epilepsy resistant to anticonvulsants.Unsuspected hyperglycaemia was discovered during investigation.Treatment of the diabetes with insulin or sulphonylurea drugs abolished the focal convulsions, for which no other cause was identified.None of the patients was ketotic, and we suggest that seizures such as these may signal the gradual approach of hyperosmolar coma when treatment is still comparatively straightforward.The danger is that the diagnosis of diabetes may be missed in a patient presenting with newly acquired focal epilepsy. Case reportsCase I-A 78 year old shepherd presented with focal motor seizures of the left arm which had increased in frequency and severity over three days.He remained alert during the seizures, each of which lasted about a minute and left a transient flaccid weakness and sensory loss in the arm.Examination showed nothing else of note.On admission he had a blood glucose concentration of 46-5 mmol/l (838 mg/100 ml) but no ketonuria.Rehydration, insulin, and phenytoin were started and within 24 hours the seizures had stopped.In retrospect he recalled having polyuria and polydipsia.Computed tomography (CT) of the head showed normal appearances; electroencephalography was not performed.His diabetes was controlled with chlorpropamide alone.The phenytoin was withdrawn after 11 days, and when last seen he had been free of seizures for five years.Case 2-A 66 year old housewife presented after four days of episodic jerking of her left arm, having suffered headaches, diplopia, and clumsiness of the left hand for a week.She also reported a weight loss of 9 kg over 18 months.On admission she was having repeated focal motor seizures of the left arm and left side of the face lasting two or three minutes with no loss of awareness.Between seizures there was flaccid weakness, pronounced ataxia, and sensory loss in the left arm and left facial weakness.General examination findings were normal.Her blood glucose concentration reached 33 mmol/l (595 mg/100 ml) but there was no ketonuria.Cerebrospinal fluid, electro- encephalogram, and CT scan were normal.The diabetes was treated and she was given phenytoin, but the seizures stopped only when the hyper- glycaemia had responded to insulin.All her neurological signs disappeared in a few days and the phenytoin was withdrawn after a month.Four years
CRLF2 and JAK2 in B-Progenitor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Novel Association in Oncogenesis
Authors: J. Devon Roll, Gary W. Reuther
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Expression of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) has recently been shown to be upregulated as well as mutated in populations of B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), including Down syndrome (DS-ALL) patients, lacking recurring chromosomal translocations. Increased CRLF2 expression associates with JAK2 mutation, a combination that transforms hematopoietic cells, suggesting that mutant JAK2 and CRLF2 may cooperate to contribute to B-ALL formation. Importantly, elevated CRLF2 expression correlates with poor outcome in high-risk B-ALL patients. Therefore, CRLF2 may provide a new prognostic marker for high-risk B-ALL, and inhibition of CRLF2/JAK2 signaling may represent a therapeutic approach for this population of ALL patients.
Vascular Remodeling Induced by Naturally Occurring Unsaturated Lysophosphatidic Acid In Vivo
Authors: Kenji Yoshida, Wataru Nishida, Ken’ichiro Hayashi, Yasuyuki Ohkawa, Akira Ogawa, Junken Aoki, Hiroyuki Arai, Kenji Sobue
Journal: Circulation (2003)

We previously identified unsaturated (16:1, 18:1, and 18:2) but not saturated (12:0, 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0) lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) as potent factors for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dedifferentiation. Unsaturated LPAs strongly induce VSMC dedifferentiation via the coordinated activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), resulting in the proliferation and migration of dedifferentiated VSMCs. Here, we investigated the effects of 18:1 and 18:0 LPAs (as representative unsaturated and saturated LPAs, respectively) on the vasculature in vivo.Rat common carotid arteries (CCAs) were treated transiently with 18:1 or 18:0 LPA and then examined by histological and biochemical analyses. The 18:1 but not 18:0 LPA potently induced vascular remodeling that was composed primarily of neointima. The incorporation of [3H]18:1 LPA into the CCAs revealed that a sufficient amount of unmetabolized [3H]18:1 LPA to induce VSMC dedifferentiation was present in the vascular wall. The 18:1 LPA-induced neointimal formation in vivo was also dependent on the coordinated activation of ERK and p38MAPK. Unlike balloon-injured CCAs, the 18:1 LPA-treated CCAs showed a histological similarity to human atherosclerotic arteries.This is the first report demonstrating a role for a naturally occurring unsaturated LPA in inducing vascular remodeling in vivo and provides a novel animal model for neointimal formation.
Defects in neutrophil granule mobilization and bactericidal activity in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 (FHL-5) syndrome caused by STXBP2/Munc18-2 mutations
Authors: Xi Wen Zhao, Roel P. Gazendam, Agata Drewniak, Michel van Houdt, Anton T. J. Tool, John L. van Hamme, Iwan Kustiawan, Alexander B. Meijer, Hans Janssen, David G. Russell, Lisette van de Corput, Kiki Tesselaar, Jaap J. Boelens, Ingrid Kuhnle, Jutte Van Der Werff Ten Bosch, Taco W. Kuijpers, Timo K. van den Berg
Journal: Blood (2013)
Long-Term Follow-Up of Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Characteristics of Chronic Disease and Recurrence
Authors: Shigeyuki Kawa, Hideaki Hamano, Yayoi Ozaki, Tetsuya Ito, Ryou Kodama, Yoshimi Chou, Mari Takayama, Norikazu Arakura
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Abstract 2110: Realgar exerts cytotoxic killing of gastric cancer cells through Bax apoptotic pathway.
Authors: Siyu Chen, Wei Tian, Wenping Ding, Leizhen Zheng, Xiaoping Li, Li Zhang, Jianchun Gu, shuangfen Tao, Sungkyoung Kim, Wenhua Gu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background:Arsenic compound has shown excellent activity in APL. Its anticancer activity in solid tumors is still being explored. We have tested realgar, arsenic sulfide (As4A4), in gastric cancer cells to understand its anticancer activity and mechanism. Methods: The effects of the realgar on cell proliferation and apoptosis of AGS and MGC803 cell lines were determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and Annexin V assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the related pathways by measuring the expression levels of apoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2, c-myc, p53 and mdm2. Real-time PCR analysis was used to measure the mRNA levels of the related genes. Results: Realgar significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MGC803 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, particularly in AGS cells. Realgar up-regulated the expression of p53 and p53 target genes MDM2 and Bax, down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and c-Myc in AGS cell lines, indicating that realgar could induce apoptosis via p53-bax pathway in AGS cell lines. However, similar dose of realgar up-regulated the expression of Bax, down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and c-Myc in MGC803 cell lines, with much less effect on the expression of p53. Conclusion: Realgar has significant anti-cancer effect on gastric cancer cell lines through inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic effect of realgar in gastric cancer and further study in this area is needed. Citation Format: Siyu Chen, Wei Tian, Wenping Ding, Leizhen Zheng, Xiaoping Li, Li Zhang, Jianchun Gu, shuangfen Tao, Sungkyoung Kim, Wenhua Gu. Realgar exerts cytotoxic killing of gastric cancer cells through Bax apoptotic pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2110. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2110
Association of a Functional Polymorphism in the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;CETP&lt;/emph&gt;) Gene With Memory Decline and Incidence of Dementia
Authors: Amy E. Sanders, Cuiling Wang, Mindy Katz, Carol A. Derby, Nir Barzilai, Laurie Ozelius, Richard B. Lipton
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Polymorphisms in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene have been associated with exceptional longevity and lower cardiovascular risk, but associations with memory decline and dementia risk are unclear.To test the hypothesis that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at CETP codon 405 (isoleucine to valine V405; SNP rs5882) is associated with a lower rate of memory decline and lower risk of incident dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD).Prospective cohort study comprising 608 community-dwelling adults without dementia aged 70 years or older from the Einstein Aging Study with CETP genotype available. Fifteen participants with prevalent dementia were excluded, and 70 without follow-up--63 lost to follow-up and 7 new to the study--were excluded from the Cox proportional hazards model, which included 523 participants in the analysis. Standardized neuropsychological and neurological measures were administered annually from 1994-2009. Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for sex, education, race, medical comorbidities, and apolipoprotein (APOE) epsilon4 examined associations of V405 genotype with longitudinal performance on cognitive tests of episodic memory (Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test [FCSRT], possible scores of 0-48), attention (Digit Span), and psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution). The V405 genotype was the main predictor of incident dementia or AD in similarly adjusted Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale.Memory decline and incident dementia.Valine allele frequency was 43.5%. A total of 40 cases of incident dementia occurred during follow-up (mean [(SD], 4.3 [3.1] years). Compared with isoleucine homozygotes, valine homozygotes had significantly slower memory decline on the FCSRT (0.43 points per year of age for isoleucine; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.58 to -0.29 vs 0.21 points per year of age for valine; 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.04; difference in linear age slope, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.41; P = .03) and no significant differences on the Digit Span or Digit Symbol Substitution tests. Valine homozygotes also had lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.10-0.85; P = .02) and AD (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10-0.95; P = .04).This preliminary report suggests that CETP V405 valine homozygosity is associated with slower memory decline and lower incident dementia and AD risk.
Multi-imaging Demonstration of Distant Metastases from Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: JOEL C. KIRSH, MARVIN I. STEINHARDT, MARTIN E. BLACKSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

An unusual case of ovarian carcinoma is presented with extra-abdominal soft tissue metastasis. These demonstrate calcification on plain films and CT, as well as avid uptake of Tc-99m MDP.
Independent inquiry ordered into thoracic surgeon
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The health secretary, Frank Dobson, has ordered an independent inquiry into concerns raised by Channel 4 News about the training and qualifications of a consultant thoracic surgeon.

Channel 4 claimed that Joseph Rahamim, a consultant at Derriford Hospital in Plymouth, was the only consultant thoracic surgeon in the country without accreditation and with no postgraduate surgical qualification.

Mr Rahamim, aged 50, who came to Britain in 1973 after qualifying in Iraq, has worked for 20 years as a chest surgeon in Plymouth, the past six as a consultant. He is the only thoracic surgeon in the city.

Plymouth Hospitals …
Interleukin-5–producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells control eosinophilia induced by interleukin-2 therapy
Authors: Frédéric Van Gool, Ari B. Molofsky, Malika M. Morar, Michelle Rosenzwajg, Hong-Erh Liang, David Klatzmann, Richard M. Locksley, Jeffrey A. Bluestone
Journal: Blood (2014)
Reply to Przemyslaw Waliszewski's Letter to the Editor re: Andres Jurczok, Astrid Schneider and Paolo Fornara. Inhibition of Tumor Implantation after Laparoscopy by Specific Oligopeptides: A Novel Approach to Adjuvant Intraperitoneal Therapy to Prevent Tumor Implantation in an Animal Model. Eur Urol 2007;52:590–6
Authors: Andreas Jurczok
Journal: European Urology (2007)