tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EXPERTISE AND STRATEGIES ON POSTURAL CONTROL OF YOUNG SURFERS AT DIFFERENT LEVEL OF COMPETITION
Authors: Daniel Guimaraes Ribeiro, David Rodríguez Ruiz, Maria Hernández Suárez, Dario Rodríguez Matoso, Manuel García Manso Juan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Investigation of postural control in sports which require excellent postural performance, like surfing, gives insight into development of specific control strategies. The aim of the current study was to compare postural performance and strategy between young surfers of different levels of competition (international and national). Methods Twenty surfers were separated in two groups in accordance with their competition level: Ten international level surfers (INT) (17.7±1.7 years; 172.6±8.42 cm; 65.0±10.3 kg; 7.75±3.6 surfing years) and 10 national level surfers (NAT) (15.80±1.75 years; 168.60±12.02 cm; 59.25±12.12 kg; 6.6±3.6 surfing years). Subjects performed a battery of static balance tests under three different conditions: eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC) and while performing a concurrent cognitive task (modified stroop test -MST). All tests were performed while standing on a platform force (MuscleLab® TM system, type PFMA 4000, collection rate of 100Hz), in bipedal posture, staying as immobile as possible for 30 seconds. Based on the displacement of the center of pressure, variables analyzed were: Ellipse Area of 95% (A95), Mean Velocity (MV) and frequency analysis (fast Fourier transform). Data was tested (SPSS-v17) for normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the U of Mann-Whitney adjustment for non-parametric data (significance level p≤0.05). Results Both groups showed significantly greater values for MV when comparing the effect of the condition to the control test, EO vs. EC (p=0.007), and EO vs. MST (p=0.027). However, no differences were found in either of the variables when level of competition was analyzed. Although, INT showed smaller values of MV and A95 in all tests, except for A95 in the MST condition, evidencing better postural control (Palliard et al ., 2006). Mean Velocity values for INT were: 17.1±3.9; 19.6±3.9; 19.5±7.2 mm/s 2 , and for NAT were: 18.7±3.3; 21.6±4.4; 21.2±7.2 mm/s 2 , for EO, EC, and MST condition, respectively. Values of A95 for INT were: 137.9 ±100.9; 148.1±58.7; 158.2 ±117.9 mm 2 and for NAT were: 141.9±44.9; 260.2±209.20; 138.6±55.9 mm 2 , again for EO,EC and MST. In respect to the spectral analysis, INT showed a trend to use a greater portion of energy in the low frequency band in all conditions. Conclusions Our results could indicate that experience in the surfing environment may result in specific strategy adaptation, by means of a more efficient visio-vestibular input (Chapman et al ., 2008). A better understanding of these strategies can help athletic trainers and clinicians to develop exercises in an attempt to enhance performance, reduce risk of musculoskeletal injuries or for rehabilitation therapies purposes.
Acquired Immune Tolerance to Cadaveric Renal Allografts
Authors: Samuel Strober, Mohan Dhillon, Mark Schubert, Bari Holm, Edgar Engleman, Claudia Benike, Richard Hoppe, Richard Sibley, J. Albertus Myburgh, Geoffrey Collins, Barry Levin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The advent of new immunosuppressive drug regimens has produced a substantial improvement in organ-allograft survival during this decade.1 2 3 4 5 However, the treatment of organ-transplant recipients still involves the lifelong use of immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine and steroids to maintain graft function.1 2 3 4 5 Side effects associated with the long-term use of cyclosporine include nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hypertension, hypertrichosis, gingival hypertrophy, and lymphoid cancers.6 , 7 The cumulative toxicity of long-term steroid therapy can lead to hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of bone, infection, fluid retention, and increased capillary fragility.8 , 9 A continued goal in organ transplantation is to eliminate these side effects by withdrawing maintenance . . .
A NEW DOUBLE BALLOON DELIVERY CATHETER FOR THE CHEMICAL DENERVATION OF THE RENAL ARTERY BY VINCRISTINE
Authors: Andreas Synetos, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Eleftherios Tsiamis, George Agrogiannis, Efstratios Patsouris, Dimitris Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
pANT: A Method for the Pairwise Assessment of Nonfunctionalization Times of Processed Pseudogenes
Authors: S. J. Fleishman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

We present a method for pairwise Assessment of Nonfunctionalization Times (pANT) in processed pseudogenes. Contrary to existing methods for estimating nonfunctionalization times, pANT utilizes previously calculated probabilities of nucleotide substitution as explicit rate measurements, rather than assume that the substitution rates are the same for all nucleotides. Thus, the method allows a more accurate computation of the time that has elapsed since the nonfunctionalization of a pseudogene. Whereas existing methods require the sequence of an orthologous functional gene, which is not always at hand, pANT only uses the pairwise alignment of the gene/pseudogene pair, thus expanding the range of problems that can be tackled. To estimate evolutionary times in nonfunctional sequences, pANT measures the differences in the pairwise alignment of a gene and its paralogous processed pseudogene, using only the first and second codon positions. It assumes that, because of functional constraints, these positions in the sequence of the functional homolog have not changed since the time of nonfunctionalization of the pseudogene. Hence, the sequence of the gene may be used as the ancestor of the pseudogene. We show that the method's reliance on a detailed substitution matrix, which is derived separately for each species, makes it more accurate than existing methods. We applied pANT to the case of the unitary α-1,3-galactosyltransferase human pseudogene and found that our estimate of the nonfunctionalization time was in agreement with that obtained by taxonomic and paleontological considerations pertaining to the divergence between platyrrhines (New World monkeys) and cattarhines (Old World monkeys).
A CASE CITING AN ADDITIONAL USE FOR BELLADONNA
Authors: Charles Everett Haines
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Much has been written during the last few years about vagotonia and the action of belladonna on that condition. So common a complaint is vagotonia, and so frequently is belladonna used for its relief, that many clinicians consider this drug one of the few which, in an age of nihilism, can be relied on. In the case here reported, it will be seen how belladonna not only relieved a condition diagnosed as vagotonia, but supplemented the roentgen ray in assisting at an important decision with regard to the therapeutics. An apparently healthy man, aged 27, came to me complaining of a sense of epigastric fulness and distress beginning immediately after eating and persisting for an hour or more. This symptom was first noticed about six months before and was increasing in severity. The kind and quantity of food taken seemed to make no difference in the distress; whenever any food
Cortisol levels predict depression in teenage boys, study shows
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Raised morning cortisol concentrations are associated with three times the odds of clinical depression in teenage boys with depressive symptoms, a new study has found.1

Matthew Owens, the study’s lead author and a researcher at the University of Cambridge, said, “This new biomarker suggests that we may be able to offer a more personalised approach to tackling boys at risk of depression. 

“This could be a much needed way of reducing the number of people suffering from depression—and in particular stemming a risk at a time when there has been an increasing rate of suicide among teenage boys and young men.”

The study stratified 1858 English schoolchildren aged between 12 and 19 …
Cross sectional study of exhaled nitric oxide levels following lung transplantation
Authors: A J Fisher, E Gabbay, T Small, S Doig, J H Dark, P A Corris
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathophysiology of graft dysfunction following lung transplantation remains unclear. To determine whether measurement of NO in the exhaled breath of lung transplant recipients provides useful information about graft pathology, a cross sectional study was performed on a cohort of recipients as they attended for review. <h3>METHODS</h3> One hundred and four lung transplant recipients and 55 healthy non-smoking controls were included in the study. Each subject performed three consecutive single breath NO manoeuvres. In recipients NO levels were compared according to current clinical status, presence of any graft pathology, type of lung transplant procedure, indication for transplantation, and current level of immunosuppression. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Mean (SE) exhaled NO levels were 6.5 (0.61) ppb in the control group, 5.3 (0.46) in clinically well recipients, 10.3 (1.4) in those with lymphocytic bronchiolitis, 10.5 (1.0) in recipients with infection, and 2.5 (0.6) in those with acute vascular rejection. There was no significant difference in NO levels between the control group and lung transplant recipients as a whole (mean difference 0.29 (95% CI –1.17 to 1.75), p = 0.7). Levels were increased significantly in the presence of lymphocytic bronchiolitis (4.98 (95% CI 1.6 to 8.36), p = 0.0002) and infection (5.28 (95% CI 2.9 to 7.56), p&lt;0.0001), but not in acute vascular rejection (2.76 (95% CI 0.97 to 4.55), p = 0.1) compared with exhaled NO in clinically well recipients. Recipients with obliterative bronchiolitis were subdivided according to the grade of their bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Exhaled NO levels in those with BOS grade 1 were 10.0 (1.3) ppb and in those with BOS grades 2 or 3 were 5.1 (0.7) ppb. Compared with those who were clinically well, NO levels were increased in those with BOS grade 1 (4.74 (95% CI 1.8 to 7.69), p &lt; 0.0001) but not in those with BOS grades 2 or 3 (0.19 (95% CI –1.55 to 1.93), p = 0.82). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Exhaled NO levels are increased in lung transplant recipients with lymphocytic bronchiolitis, early obliterative bronchiolitis, and infection. These conditions are all associated with the presence of airway inflammation within the graft. The findings suggest that exhaled NO measurements may have a role as a marker of pulmonary allograft dysfunction.
The Syndrome of Continuous Muscle Fiber Activity.
Authors: Mark C. Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970The Syndrome of Continuous Muscle Fiber Activity.Mark C. Levine, M.D., (Associate), Jack R. Grommons, M.D.Mark C. Levine, M.D., (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Jack R. Grommons, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-807_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn unusual disorder of unknown cause, characterized by continuous muscle fasciculation and myotonia in otherwise normal young men, was first described by Isaacs in 1961; a total of five cases have been reported. Other than electromyographic evidence of continuous motor unit firing, all biochemical and neurodiagnostic studies have been normal, and symptoms have responded dramatically to therapy with diphenylhydantoin.A patient with a similar clinical picture whose muscular twitchings and stiffness have been controlled by diphenylhydantoin for over 5 years is presented. Extensive investigations (including serum electrolytes, calcium, magnesium, enzymes, cholinesterase, muscle biopsy, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electroencephalogram, and X rays)... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Flint, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 807-807KeywordsCerebrospinal fluidElectroencephalographyElectromyographyEnzymesFasciculationsMagnesiumMuscle biopsiesMusclesSaltsStiffness Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Rhabdomyolysis caused by hornet venom.
Authors: K B Shilkin, B T Chen, O T Khoo
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In nearly all these cases the respiratory symptoms pre- ceded those of the myositis by weeks or months, as occurred in this patient.In the present case the respiratory symptoms responded well to corticosteroid treatment in moderate doses and the improvement was maintained for nine months, apart from one relapse after reduction in the dosage of prednisolone (see Chart).In the previous 16 patients with dermatomyositis and parenchymal lung involvement a good response to cortico- steroids was recorded initially in some patients (Goldfischer and Rubin, 1959; Hepper et al., 1964; Weaver et al., 1968).This was sustained for more than six months in only one patient (Weaver et al., 1968), in whom chest x-ray findings were normal after treatment, but lung function studies did not show the improvement recorded in the present case. References
Hypogonadism Caused by a Single Amino Acid Substitution in the β Subunit of Luteinizing Hormone
Authors: Jeffrey Weiss, Lloyd Axelrod, Randall W. Whitcomb, Philip E. Harris, William F. Crowley, J. Larry Jameson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

INFERTILITY occurs in approximately 10 to 20 percent of couples and can be attributed to a reproductive disorder in the man or woman with equal frequency.1 , 2 Among men, specific causes of infertility can be identified in only a minority.1 In a previously identified kindred in which several men were infertile, the proband had not undergone spontaneous puberty and had low testosterone and elevated luteinizing hormone concentrations in serum, a pattern of hormone values indicative of primary hypogonadism.3 However, testosterone secretion in response to the administration of exogenous luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin was normal. Thus, the proband appeared to . . .
Australian doctors want a register of women buying the emergency pill
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The proposed sale in Australia of the emergency pill direct to women through pharmacies has sparked more controversy, with the major doctors' group calling for a register of names and addresses.

The Australian Medical Association, which originally opposed the sale of levonorgestrel without a prescription, now wants women to give their names and contact details to pharmacists before getting the drug.

But family planning groups claim that the call is a serious invasion of privacy, which could defeat the purpose and lead to unwanted pregnancies.

The medical …
HIV in injecting drug users in Asian countries: Naltrexone implants are set to supersede harm minimisation
Authors: Albert S Reece
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in researchMisleading claims may be symptom of even more serious flaws Editor-Montori et al justifiably draw attention to misleading claims in published clinical trials. 1 This is a serious and common problem. 2 3 However, I object to their radical proposal that only the methods and results sections should be read, while the remainder of the paper should be ignored.The proposal is inconsistent with the title of their paper, "Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in clinical research reports." 1 How are these misleading claims to be identified if the sections containing them are omitted?Furthermore, anyone capable of critically appraising a trial solely on the basis of the methods and results is unlikely to be fooled by misleading claims in the discussion.But, more importantly, the proposal would deprive the discerning reader of witnessing the conflict between the results and the unwarranted conclusions.If researchers are willing to disseminate misleading claims then their integrity is brought into question.But if so, then all aspects of the trial-including the methods and results sections-are also brought into question.Misleading claims should be identified and broadcast loudly for they signal doubts about the entire study.Large scale randomised trials create the ideal conditions for data manipulation.Yet this is merely one of a multitude of problems stemming from a flawed method. 3 The remedy?When reading a study, ignore everything except the number of patients recruited.If this is large proceed no further as there is little prospect of encountering any data of genuine benefit to patients.
Healthcare expenditures for sinusitis in 1996: Contributions of asthma, rhinitis, and other airway disorders
Authors: Nancy F. Ray, James N. Baraniuk, Mae Thamer, Cheryl S. Rinehart, Peter J. Gergen, Michael Kaliner, Shelby Josephs, Yung-Hao Pung
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
CO2 and Nd:YAG laser-induced pulmonary parenchymal lung injury in a rabbit model.
Authors: M Brenner, T Shankel, N S Wang, T A Waite, H Wong, A Hamilton, Y Tadir, T Milner, J Boyajian, E Chung, B Tromberg, A F Wilson, M W Berns
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Laser exposure of the pulmonary parenchyma during treatment of emphysema and other clinical indications causes acute lung injury. Animal investigations are needed to understand and control laser-induced lung injury. We hypothesized that lung injury is deeper from Nd:YAG laser exposures than CO2 exposures because of deeper penetration of Nd:YAG wavelength light. We compared the temporal evolution of histologic injury in rabbits resulting from continuous mode shallow CO2 and Nd:YAG laser pulmonary parenchymal exposures applied in rabbits. Forty-six New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits underwent treatment with CO2 laser (n=18), Nd:YAG laser (n=18), or sham thoracotomy control (n=10) to the visceral pleural surface using 1 min of exposure (5 watts, defocused to 70 W/cm2 power density for both lasers). Animals were killed at 0, 4, 7, 21, and 49 d after exposure. Lung injury, similar to that seen clinically in humans, developed in all laser-treated animals. Injury progressed from ischemia and vascular congestion, to edema and necrosis, followed by pleural and parenchymal fibrosis. The acute injury was qualitatively distinct and slightly deeper in CO2 than Nd:YAG-treated animals (p<0.02) despite the shallower depth of penetration of the CO2 laser. These findings may imply that higher absorption coefficient for CO2 laser energy results in greater focal temperatures and injury in the areas of direct exposure, and suggest that Nd:YAG laser exposure at these settings may cause shallower injury than CO2 lasers in humans undergoing clinical treatment.
The Harveian Oration delivered at the Royal College of Physicians
Authors: S. Wilks
Journal: BMJ (1879)

PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS,-We meet here to-day to commemo- rate the name of Harvey.It is fortunate that the College has prescribed no rules and framed no restrictions as to the mode in which we celebrate this anniversary, but that its Fellows are left to refreshen his memory from springs of every source, hoping thereby to derive some new inspiration from the contemplation, during a few minutes of the year, of one whom they may almost call their founder.Each Fellow may, there- fore, in turn, endeavour to expound his theme in the manner which is most befitting his own powers and inclinations.Thus, at one time, we have pourtrayed before us the personal history and living picture of Harvey; at another, an exposition of his great discovery; and at another
Comparison of Blood and Brain Mercury Levels in Infant Monkeys Exposed to Methylmercury or Vaccines Containing Thimerosal
Authors: Thomas M. Burbacher, Danny D. Shen, Noelle Liberato, Kimberly S. Grant, Elsa Cernichiari, Thomas Clarkson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Thimerosal is a preservative that has been used in manufacturing vaccines since the 1930s. Reports have indicated that infants can receive ethylmercury (in the form of thimerosal) at or above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for methylmercury exposure, depending on the exact vaccinations, schedule, and size of the infant. In this study we compared the systemic disposition and brain distribution of total and inorganic mercury in infant monkeys after thimerosal exposure with those exposed to MeHg. Monkeys were exposed to MeHg (via oral gavage) or vaccines containing thimerosal (via intramuscular injection) at birth and 1, 2, and 3 weeks of age. Total blood Hg levels were determined 2, 4, and 7 days after each exposure. Total and inorganic brain Hg levels were assessed 2, 4, 7, or 28 days after the last exposure. The initial and terminal half-life of Hg in blood after thimerosal exposure was 2.1 and 8.6 days, respectively, which are significantly shorter than the elimination half-life of Hg after MeHg exposure at 21.5 days. Brain concentrations of total Hg were significantly lower by approximately 3-fold for the thimerosal-exposed monkeys when compared with the MeHg infants, whereas the average brain-to-blood concentration ratio was slightly higher for the thimerosal-exposed monkeys (3.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.3). A higher percentage of the total Hg in the brain was in the form of inorganic Hg for the thimerosal-exposed monkeys (34% vs. 7%). The results indicate that MeHg is not a suitable reference for risk assessment from exposure to thimerosal-derived Hg. Knowledge of the toxicokinetics and developmental toxicity of thimerosal is needed to afford a meaningful assessment of the developmental effects of thimerosal-containing vaccines.
1242 Percutaneous acetic acid versus ethanol in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: E REWISHA, A ELMALLAH, I WAKED, S SALEH
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Yolk sac tumours of the ovary (YST), also called endodermal sinus tumours (EST) are rare and highly malignant tumours of utmost importance occurring in children and young adults. In the past, outcome was very poor and the disease was almost always fatal. With the refinement of chemotherapeutic regimens in the last several decades, survival rates have improved dramatically and fertility preserving surgery has become possible. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with an analysis of the available literature and a rational approach to patient management.We performed a literature search in the PubMed database and the reference lists of relevant articles concerning yolk sac tumours of the ovary.There are no randomised studies relating to the management of YST of the ovary. The available literature is composed of retrospective reviews and case reports that span several decades. Prognosis nowadays is good in stage I and II but still comparable to that of ovarian epithelial cancer in stage III and IV. The overall good prognosis is due to the fact that most of ovarian YST are diagnosed at an early stage where 5 years survival reaches 95%. Appropriate surgical treatment for patients where fertility needs to be preserved consists in laparotomy with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, peritoneal cytologic studies, omentectomy, multiple peritoneal and abdominal biopsies and resection of all visible disease. Three courses of BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) is the current standard therapy and four courses is recommended in case of bulky residual disease after surgery. Serum alpha-feto-protein (AFP) is a useful marker for the diagnosis and management of YST.
What is still needed? On nativist proposals for acquiring concepts of natural numbers
Authors: Wen-Chi Chiang
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Rips et al.'s analyses have boosted the plausibility of proposals that the human mind embodies some critical properties of natural numbers. I suggest that such proposals can be further evaluated by infant studies, neuropsychological data, and evolution-based considerations, and additionally, that Rips et al.'s model may need to be modified in order to more completely reflect infants' quantitative abilities.