tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is DDT use a public health problem in Mexico?
Authors: L López-Carrillo, L Torres-Arreola, L Torres-Sánchez, F Espinosa-Torres, C Jiménez, M Cebrián, S Waliszewski, O Saldate
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

We review the potential impact of DDT on public health in Mexico. DDT production and consumption patterns in Mexico during the last 20 years are described and compared with those in the United States. In spite of the restrictions on DDT use in antimalaria campaigns in Mexico, use of DDT is still higher than in other Latin American countries. We analyzed information from published studies to determine accumulated levels of this insecticide in blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk samples from Mexican women. Current lipid-adjusted DDE levels from women living in Mexico City are 6.66 ppb in mammary adipose tissue and 0.594 ppm in total breast milk. Finally, the methodological limitations of existing epidemiological studies on DDT exposure and breast cancer are discussed. We conclude that DDT use in Mexico is a public health problem, and suggest two solutions: identification of alternatives for the control of malaria and educational intervention to reduce DDT exposure. We also recommend strengthening epidemiological studies to evaluate the association between accumulated DDT levels in adipose tissue and breast cancer incidence among Mexican women.
Role of Bradykinin in Mediating Vascular Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Humans
Authors: Burkhard Hornig, Christoph Kohler, Helmut Drexler
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) not only generates angiotensin II but is also the main enzyme that destroys bradykinin. It has been hypothesized, therefore, that bradykinin is involved in the vascular effects of ACE inhibitors. However, its contribution has never been demonstrated in humans because of the lack of specific bradykinin receptor antagonists. Methods and Results High-resolution ultrasound and Doppler were used to measure radial artery diameter and blood flow in 10 healthy volunteers. The vascular effects of the ACE inhibitor quinaprilat, the selective bradykinin B 2 -receptor antagonist icatibant, and their combination were determined at rest, during reactive hyperemia (with increased flow causing endothelium-mediated, flow-dependent dilation), and during sodium nitroprusside, causing endothelium-independent dilation. Neither icatibant nor quinaprilat affected arterial diameter or blood flow at rest. However, icatibant reduced flow-dependent dilation by 33%, and quinaprilat increased flow-dependent dilation over baseline by 46%. After coinfusion of quinaprilat and icatibant, flow-dependent dilation was reduced to a similar extent as after infusion of icatibant alone. Conclusions ACE inhibition enhances flow-dependent, endothelium-mediated dilation in humans by a bradykinin-dependent mechanism. This observation indicates that accumulation of endogenous bradykinin is involved in the vascular effects of ACE inhibitors in humans.
Gilles de la Tourette and the Jumping Syndrome
Authors: Barbara Geller
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  In regard to the discussion by Joseph E. Hardison, MD (244:70, 1980), of the jumping Frenchmen of Maine, we would like to note the article by Eisenberg et al 1 in which they draw attention to the possible link between these phenomena and the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. The latter is characterized by movement disorder and coprolalia and, therefore, also presents considerable social problems.
Prevalence of non‐allergic nasal complaints in an urban and a rural population in Sweden
Authors: M. JESSEN, L. JANZON
Journal: Allergy (1989)

By questionnaire, 1469 randomly selected persons between 16 and 82 years of age were asked whether they had suffered from such nasal complaints as obstruction, sneezing and discharge, at least during the previous 6 months. Seventy‐five per cent answered the questionnaire, two thirds of whom were city dwellers and one third lived in a rural district. No difference was found between the urban and the rural populations regarding the prevalence of symptoms. Twenty‐one per cent suffered from non‐allergic nasal complaints, and 5% from allergic nasal complaints. The prevalence of non‐allergic nasal complaints was highest in the 20–30‐year age group, and lowest in the 50–60‐year age group. Contributory factors were of greater importance among the younger individuals than among the more elderly.
KERATINIZATION OF PILAR STRUCTURES IN ACNE VULGARIS AND NORMAL SKIN
Authors: P. VASARINSH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— The hair follicles and sebaceous glands have been studied in serial sections of normal skin and of skin from subjects with acne and with sebaceous hyperplasia. Keratinization of sebaceous ducts can be observed in normal skin. There is no constant correlation between perifollicular infiltrate, follicular obstruction and the development of comedones. Rupture of a cyst wall can occur in follicles with patent ostia. Localized loss of granular layer in the cyst wall indicates a defect in keratinization preceding rupture.
Treatment of Today's Scabies and Pediculosis
Authors: Milton Orkin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

RECENTLY we noted<sup>1</sup>the increase of scabies in the United States following an eight-year pandemic in most of the world.<sup>2,3</sup>The cyclic nature of scabies epidemics is not understood, but immunologic factors, especially delayed hypersensitivity, probably play a significant role.<sup>4</sup>Based on extrapolation from experience in previous cycles in this century, the current epidemic may abate by approximately 1980. <h3>SCABIES</h3><h3>Principles of Management</h3> The diagnosis should be made with certainty, preferably by identifying the mite (principally in direct skin scrapings, at times by cutaneous biopsy) prior to instituting therapy. If the mite cannot be detected, there should be a review of suggestive features, and the more such features, the more positive is the diagnosis. A decision as to risk-to-benefit ratio must take into account the efficacy of the scabicide. Unfortunately, there has been limited interest in comparative, controlled efficacy trials of scabicides since World War II. The
Clinical Research on Aging: Strategies and Directions
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, John W. Rowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Clinicians who treat the elderly are concerned with a degenerative process that affects everyone — a progressive deterioration that proceeds at different rates in different patients, that influences the presentation of acute illnesses and their response to therapy and that is associated with 100 per cent mortality.Despite its profound effects, the aging process has received little attention in medical teaching. Courses in gerontology or geriatrics are found in less than half of American medical schools, and postgraduate research and training in aging are even less common; only two residencies in this country, one for every 10 million elderly patients, . . .
Management skills need to be recognised
Authors: J. Cumberlege
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) Future physician report,1 2 a continuation of its seminal work on medical professionalism,3 emphasises again the crucial part doctors play in leadership. As chairman of the working parties that produced these reports,1 3 I strongly endorse their messages and believe in their fundamental importance for the preservation …
A Death in the Family
Authors: Alfred Coodley
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Krant provides us with a comprehensive and sensitive awareness of the many problems induced by a death about to come and one that has already come. It is clear that the bereaved person often experiences a devastating feeling of emptiness, as if his entire emotional investment has suddenly been cut off and is no longer available. The most effective way for the bereaved to be refilled with this lost essential is by frequently talking to someone close (the physician, a good friend, or a relative) about all the shared experiences, positive and negative, he had had with the deceased in past years. It is thereby possible to retrieve slowly all the emotional energy that had been placed in the person who has just died. The feeling of emptiness gradually lessens and new emotional investments eventually become possible.
Referrals for female genital mutilation must rise, say MPs
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Doctors and other health practitioners are failing girls at risk of female genital mutilation (FGM) and the UK government should make the failure of professionals to report concerns a criminal offence unless reports rise substantially, a committee of MPs has said.1

In a hard hitting report that denounces the practice as an “extreme form of child abuse,” the House of Commons home affairs committee called the UK’s failure to tackle FGM a “national scandal” and urged the adoption of a national action plan.

The report described the record of referrals of cases to social services by healthcare professionals as “extremely poor” and said many cannot …
Acute Osteochondral Injuries of the Hip
Authors: WARWICK BRUCE, ROBIN J.E. D. HIGGS, DUMINDA MUNIDASA, JASPAL S. HUNJAN, HANS VAN DER WALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Acute osteochondral injuries of the hip are rare in the absence of associated dislocation. A series of cases is presented in which these injuries were sustained after relatively minor trauma to the hip. Radiologic studies revealed evidence of mild hip dysplasia and, in one case, an osteochondral fracture of the right femoral head. Scintigraphy revealed the fracture and unexpected uptake in the acetabulum, which was subsequently confirmed as being due to labral tears or acetabular osteochondral injuries. In addition, the scan showed evidence of a possible avulsion-type injury of the iliofemoral ligament, suggesting the mechanism of subluxation.
RADIUM TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE ESOPHAGUS.
Authors: MAX EINHORN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Cancer of the esophagus is one of the most intractable diseases with which we have to deal. Not even modem surgery has succeeded in combating this disease. Gastrostomy may for a time prolong life; it is, however, connected with certain dangers and annoyances and does not attack the real focus of the disease. It is, therefore, natural for the physician to search for new means of treatment in this malady. When Roentgen gave his<i>x</i>-rays to the world, I experimented with them in cancer of the esophagus and stomach. In my cases (six in all), this method of treatment was of no avail, because the tumor lies deeply hidden and is covered by other parts of the body (skin, muscles, thorax). The rays, therefore, do not penetrate sufficiently to the tumor in any considerable strength. After Curie had discovered the wonderful radium and had found the effect of its
A Multicenter, Randomized Trial Comparing Heparin/Warfarin and Acetylsalicylic Acid as Primary Thromboprophylaxis for 2 Years After the Fontan Procedure in Children
Authors: Paul Monagle, Andrew Cochrane, Robin Roberts, Cedric Manlhiot, Robert Weintraub, Barbara Szechtman, Marina Hughes, Maureen Andrew, Brian W. McCrindle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Diagnosis of "That"
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Few things are duller Than feeling unspecifically off-color, Yes, you feel like the fulfillment of a dismal prophecy, And you don't feel either exercisey or officey... Ogden Nash At any time of year, when a person ails vaguely in the head or the belly, or aches for no apparent reason and feels somewhat feverish, and mentions his symptoms to a friend or an acquaintance, the afflicted one is likely to hear, "Oh yes, there's a lot of that going around just now." The "that" remains as undefined as the sufferer's symptoms are ill-defined. The statement usually is made convincingly and consolingly, in an effort to reassure or with belief in the adage, "Misery loves company." Often, "that," offered as the sole diagnosis, does reassure and works wonders therapeutically when swallowed with a couple of aspirin tablets or the patient's favorite brand of sedative. Other times, "that" is not enough. For
Delayed Post-natal Separation of the Cord
Authors: E. R. B. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Delayed Post-natal Separation of the Cord SIR,-I thought that possibly the following case of delayed separation of the umbilical cord might be of sufficient interest to record.The mother, aged 30, is an excepiionally healthy young woman.Her pregnancy was normal throughout, and I delivered her-a simple low forceps-on July 27, 1950.
Patients' wishes must be accepted
Authors: D H Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

I endorse the policy followed by Dr Finfer and his team. The survival of one of the patients shows that both received excellent care. The doctors could have given transfusions to both patients without their knowledge while they were anaesthetised, but legally this would have been an assault.

The trauma related injury severity score predicted a 99% chance of survival, but this calculation assumes the immediate availability of a limitless supply …
536 Characterization of gene expression profile in Kupffer cells stimulated with IFN alpha and gamma
Authors: M.A. Zocco, E. Carloni, E.C. Nista, M. Candelli, I.A. Cazzato, C. Di Campli, M. Nestola, G. Gasbarrini, G. Ramadori, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Human language: Are nonhuman precursors lacking?
Authors: Marc D. Hauser, Nathan D. Wolfea
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Contra Wilkins &amp; Wakefield, we argue that an evolutionarily inspired approach to language must consider different facets of language (i.e., more than syntax and semantics), and must explore the possibility of nonhuman precursors. Several examples are discussed, illustrating the power of the comparative approach in illuminating our understanding of language evolution.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Angiography in the Diagnosis of Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
Authors: Sanjay K. Prasad, Nikolaos Soukias, Timothy Hornung, Mohammed Khan, Dudley J. Pennell, Michael A. Gatzoulis, Raad H. Mohiaddin
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Accurate diagnosis of major aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs) and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (PAPVD) in adult patients with congenital heart disease is important but problematic. Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provides a minimally invasive technique to allow detailed studies in a single breath-hold.We assessed the role of contrast-enhanced 3D MRA in 29 consecutive adult patients with a diagnosis of MAPCAs (n=16) or PAPVD (n=13) made by echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, or surgical inspection. MRA was performed with a 3D spoiled gradient-echo technique with intravenous gadolinium-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg). In both types of pathology, there was excellent correlation between MRA and the cardiac catheterization, echocardiogram, or surgical inspection. Additional information was gained for patients with MAPCAs on confluence and size of pulmonary arteries (n=13 had central arteries), pulmonary artery stenosis (n=3), aneurysmal dilatation of pulmonary artery (n=1), and additional anomalous vascular abnormality (n=3). Shunt assessment, where present (9 of 16), showed patency in all cases (100%). For adults with PAPVD, further information was obtained on drainage origin (n=11). There were no complications.Contrast-enhanced 3D MRA provides a fast, noninvasive, radiation-free method of accurate and comprehensive diagnosis of MAPCAs and PAPVD in adult patients.
Unicef appeals for $1.4bn to help women and children in 32 crises around the world
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UN children’s agency, Unicef, launched its 2011 appeal for humanitarian action on Monday 7 March. It is asking for $1.4bn (£0.9bn; €1bn) from donors to help deliver lifesaving aid to millions of children and women affected by crises in 32 countries.

Hilde Johnson, Unicef’s deputy executive director, told reporters at the launch of the 2011 humanitarian action for children report, “Unfortunately the number and scale of emergencies is likely to continue this year.”

The amount being sought this year is around 20% higher than the agency’s 2010 appeal, said Ms Johnson, a former Norwegian minister for international development.

Unicef estimates that nearly $276m, or about 20% of …
A Genome-wide Association Study of the Human Metabolome in a Community-Based Cohort
Authors: Eugene P. Rhee, Jennifer E. Ho, Ming-Huei Chen, Dongxiao Shen, Susan Cheng, Martin G. Larson, Anahita Ghorbani, Xu Shi, Iiro T. Helenius, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Amanda L. Souza, Amy Deik, Kerry A. Pierce, Kevin Bullock, Geoffrey A. Walford, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Jose C. Florez, Clary Clish, J.-R. Joanna Yeh, Thomas J. Wang, Robert E. Gerszten
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Novel Therapeutics for Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Daruka Mahadevan, Richard I. Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Application of advances in genomic and proteomic technologies has provided molecular insights into distinct types of aggressive B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). This has led to the validation of novel biomarkers of classification, risk-stratification, and druggable targets. The promise of novel treatments from genomic research has been slow to materialize because of the lack of a therapeutic signature for the distinct NHL subtypes. Patients with lymphoma with aggressive disease urgently require the development of novel therapies on the basis of investigation of dysregulated intracellular oncogenic processes that arise during lymphomagenesis. Although monoclonal antibodies have made significant contributions to the armamentarium of B-cell NHL therapy (eg, anti-CD20), parallel development of small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) to intracellular targets has lagged behind. Despite these deficiencies, several promising anti-NHL therapies are in development that target immune kinases of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin complex, proteasome, DNA/histone epigenetic complex, antiapoptosis, neoangiogenesis, and immune modulation. This review focuses on novel SMI therapeutic strategies that target overlapping core oncogenic pathways in the context of the 10 hallmarks of cancer. Furthermore, we have developed the concept of a therapeutic signature using the 10 hallmarks of cancer, which may be incorporated into novel phase I/II drug development programs.
John ("Hans") Horton
Authors: R. Horton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Former general practitioner St Albans (b 1916; q St Mary's Hospital 1946), died peacefully on 30 October after a long illness.

Hans studied medicine in Vienna before going to St Mary's, where he received glowing testimonials and was advised to pursue an academic career. But as he was a mature student with a young family, a career in general practice beckoned. Hans practised in St Albans for more than 30 years, doing sessions in minor surgery, and serving on the local medical committee. He could turn his hands or his mind to anything, building his own boat to sail in and his own classical guitar to learn on. Predeceased by his first wife, Anny, he leaves his second wife, Edith; two children; and three grandchildren.
Digitalis Intoxication
Authors: Gaetano Bazzano
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Colestipol, a new anion exchange resin which binds digitalis glycosides, was administered to five patients with digoxin or digitoxin intoxication. Two patients with digoxin and one with digitoxin intoxication were treated with supportive measures only in order to obtain the "normal" rate of disappearance of digitalis glycosides from plasma. Signs and symptoms of digitalis intoxication and plasma glycoside levels subsided in a much shorter time in the patients treated with colestipol. Colestipol shortened the plasma half-life of digitoxin from 9.3 days to an average of 2.75 days. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the presence of duodenal juice may decrease the binding capacity of cholestyramine, although it does not seem to have a significant effect on the binding capacity of colestipol.
Muscle necrosis and calcification in acute renal failure due to barbiturate intoxication.
Authors: J. G. Clark, M. D. Sumerling
Journal: BMJ (1966)

became euthyroid, calcium could be retained on a restricted intake even in the presence of the parathyroid adenoma.Wayne (1960) suggests that the hypercalciuria of thyrotoxicosis is due partly to an increased glomerular filtration rate and partly to hypercalcaemia, and in the present case the initial creatinine clearance was greatly elevated but fell to normal on antithyroid therapy.Creatinine clearance may be a limited index of glomerular filtration rate in thyrotoxicosis, but the change is significant.Hyperuricaemia in hyperparathyroidism has only recently been recognized.Mintz et al. (1961) recorded four cases and Bywaters et al. (1963( ) found 11.Scott et al. (1964) ) report acute gouty arthritis in 5 of these 11, postulating that the hyperuricaemia is due to calcium deposition in the renal tubules.In the present case the initial serum uric acid was only slightly elevated, but after antithyroid treatment it rose to 10.4 mg./ 100 ml.without producing arthritic symptoms.This rise suggests that the defect in uric-acid metabolism was partially compensated by the coexisting thyrotoxicosis, possibly on the basis of the increased glomerular filtration rate.The fall in the uric acid level after surgery suggests that the renal tubular defect was still reversible despite the six-year history of renal colic.We wish to express our thanks to Dr. D. A. D.
Prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy doubled in seven years in a Californian population
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy doubled during the seven years from 1999 to 2005 in a large study of an ethnically diverse population in California ( Diabetes Care 2008;899-904; doi: 10.2337/dc07-2345).

Prevalence doubled for women aged 20-39 years and increased fivefold for teenagers in that time. Women aged 40 or more had a small but significant increase in prevalence of pre-existing diabetes. The increase among younger women was said possibly to reflect either an increasing prevalence of diabetes or an earlier …
Activity-Induced Protocadherin Arcadlin Regulates Dendritic Spine Number by Triggering N-Cadherin Endocytosis via TAO2β and p38 MAP Kinases
Authors: Shin Yasuda, Hidekazu Tanaka, Hiroko Sugiura, Ko Okamura, Taiki Sakaguchi, Uyen Tran, Takako Takemiya, Akira Mizoguchi, Yoshiki Yagita, Takeshi Sakurai, E.M. De Robertis, Kanato Yamagata
Journal: Neuron (2007)
1139-50 Effect of cerivastatin-eluting stent on inflammatory response, platelet deposition and intimal hyperplasia in a porcine coronary model
Authors: Katsumi Miyauchi, Takayuki Yokoyama, Takatoshi Kasai, Shinya Okazaki, Hitoshi Satoh, Takeshi Kurata, Hiroyuki Daida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Medical education in London.
Authors: J Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Changes in the provinces and LondonFrustrating though it is for young and old alike, while medical education is quickly altered by changes in medical practice, deliberate changes to improve it are inevitably a slow business which proceeds at different speeds in different places.The provincial schools in 1948, comprising both university and hospital, were well situated for the joint advance of both, and on 20 August