tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection and partial characterization of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator in human platelets.
Authors: L A Erickson, M H Ginsberg, D J Loskutoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

In this study, we demonstrate the presence of a previously undescribed fibrinolytic inhibitor in human serum. It has an apparent molecular weight of 50,000 and is not detected in serum derived from platelet-poor plasma, suggesting that it originates from platelets. This conclusion is supported by a number of observations. For example, extracts of washed, gel-filtered human platelets contain an inhibitor of similar activity and size, and physiological concentrations of thrombin induce its release from the platelets. Moreover, the kinetics and dose dependency of this release are similar to those observed for the release of platelet factor 4, and the release of both molecules is blocked by pretreating the platelets with prostaglandin E1 and theophylline. Mixing experiments, which were devised to investigate the specificity of the inhibitor, showed that the fibrinolytic activity initiated by both urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator was blocked by platelet releasate in a dose-dependent manner. In both cases, the amount of inhibition increased when the releasates were preincubated with the purified activators, indicating a direct interaction between the activators and an inhibitor(s). The inhibitory activity was removed by preincubating the releasates with antiserum prepared against an antiactivator purified from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. These results indicate that platelets contain an inhibitor which is released by thrombin, inhibits both urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator, and is immunologically similar to an inhibitor produced by endothelial cells. This molecule may represent a new class of inhibitors, the antiactivators, which function together with alpha 2-antiplasmin to regulate the fibrinolytic system of the blood. Its release from platelets by thrombin may protect the growing thrombus against premature dissolution initiated by plasminogen activators released by the endothelium.
Characterization of variants in the promoter of EBV gene BZLF1 in normal donors, HIV-positive patients and in AIDS-related lymphomas
Authors: Maurizio Martini, Daniela Capello, Diego Serraino, Assunta Navarra, Francesco Pierconti, Tonia Cenci, Gianluca Gaidano, Luigi Maria Larocca
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Improvement in paraplegia in vertebral Paget's disease treated with calcitonin.
Authors: R A Melick, P Ebeling, R J Hjorth
Journal: BMJ (1976)

day, which did not increase his insulin requirements.He was fully orientated and vision had returned to normal.The results of investigations on discharge were as follows: plasma sodium 139 mmol/l; plasma potassium 3-8 mmol/l; blood urea 3-8 mmol/l (23 mg/100 ml); plasma bicarbonate 35 mmol/l (35 mEq/l); haemoglobin 11-4 g/dl; packed cell volume 35-7%; and white blood cell count 9-8 x 109/1 (9800/mm3).
Points from Letters: Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: K. B. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1970)

a very obvious reference number so that further information could be obtained from the records library, if required.This would save a great deal, not only of time, but of tattered and bulging records envelopes, which become like a maze when some ear- lier information is required.I make these suggestions having seen this problem from two points of view, and because, from my experience,
Platelet Adhesiveness after Blood Donation
Authors: G. D. Pegrum, K. M. Harrison, S. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Platelet adhesiveness to glass was measured in healthy blood donors at the time of and eight days after donating 500 ml of blood. By a whole blood method a highly significant increase was found whereas by a method using platelet-rich plasma with added adenosine diphosphate there was only a slightly significant increase. The discrepancy suggested that changes in the red cell population might influence the results. Packed red cells from 19 blood donors obtained at the time of donation and eight days later were mixed with fresh pooled platelets from the same independent persons on each occasion. The whole blood platelet adhesiveness on this mixture showed an increase in every case after blood donation. It is postulated that the increased adhesiveness is influenced by the presence of young red cells.
Air Travel and Venous Thromboembolism — Is the Evidence In?
Authors: Jack E. Ansell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Long Flights Can Cause Blood Clots, Group Warns— Boston Globe, August 30, 1997Airlines Sued over Blood Clots— The Times, London, January 8, 2001International Carriers Address New Threat: Coach-Class Syndrome — Wall Street Journal, June 27, 2001These three headlines from the general press highlight a growing concern: Is air travel, especially over long distances, associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism?In 1954, Homans1 reported on the association between air travel and venous thromboembolism. Fourteen years earlier, Simpson2 had already documented a marked increase in the monthly incidence of pulmonary embolism among persons who were . . .
The Treatment of Aortic Aneurism
Authors: H. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1878)

TrH BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.(Mach 9, i878.3. Almost complete disorganisation of the liver-cels.Yellowish brown suses, resembling the cells, could be seen here and there occu- pying the position of the cells; but, under the higher powers, were resolved into granular masses of dibris.4 The whole tissues of the organ were pervaded by small globules looking like oil, but many of them were found with higher powers to be leucine-globules.5. The yellow colouring matter was seen to have crystallised in small rhomboidal masses, looking like minute crystals of heematoidine.Many of the leucine-globules obtained from the urine during life, and many of those found in sections of the liver, had lost their on'ginal yellow colour, but contained instead one or more minute crystas of hiematoidine.After hardening in chromic acid, these appearances were consider- ably modified.x.The interlobular stroma resolved itself into a small-celled growth resembling adenoma, and the lobules were infiltrated with cels of a similar character.2. The liver-cells were much more distinct than before, and now presented the aspect of a cohering mass of brown gramnules, preserving the shape of the original cells, excepting that they appeared to be smaller than the healthy liver-cell.No nucleus and no distinct oil-globules were visible.
Abstract P4-12-06: Small HER2-positive breast carcinomas: Prognostic factors to consider in deciding on adjuvant trastuzumab treatment
Authors: M Campiglio, M Sandri, M Sasso, F Bianchi, F Turdo, S Ménard, E Tagliabue
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Criteria for the decision to treat small tumors in adjuvant setting remain debatable, especially for HER2-positive tumors, since HER2 itself is associated with poor prognosis. Analysis of a large database including 503 T1 HER2-positive breast carcinomas treated with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab in Italian oncology clinics from 2006 to 2009 and, with 32 months of median follow-up and with 35 (7.0%) relapses, revealed no statistically significant differences in relapse rate among the T1a/T1micro, T1b and T1c groups, suggesting that tumor size is not associated with relapse probability in T1 HER2-positive tumors; the only clinico-pathological factors significantly associated with disease-free survival were nodal involvement (unadjusted HR = 3.4, 95%CI = 1.6-7.3, p = 0.002), loss of hormone receptor expression (HR = 3.1, 95%CI = 1.5-6.2, p = 0.002) and high tumor grade (HR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.2-6.9, p = 0.020). Multivariate analysis indicated that patients who were both ER-negative and lymph node-positive presented the highest risk of relapse (HR = 5.5, 95%CI = 2.8-10.9, p = &amp;lt;0.001). These results suggest that the clinical decision for adjuvant treatment of small HER2-positive tumors should be based on nodal and hormone status, not on tumor size information. While the most recent National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines (version 3.2012) for systemic adjuvant treatment of small HER2-positive breast cancer only suggest considering adjuvant chemotherapy treatment including trastuzumab for T1a cases with axillary node micrometastasis and for all T1b, but require such treatment for all tumors &amp;gt;1 cm, our data identify T1 tumor ER-negativity/axillary lymph node-positivity as the crucial criteria for adjuvant treatment, independent of tumor size categories. Supported by AIRC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-12-06.
Postmortems on the kitchen table
Authors: A. Hollman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Studies have shown that exposure to psychological stressors leads to inflammation throughout the body. This has been widely studied using social disruption (SDR), a social stressor that involves repeated social defeat in subordinate mice. Exposure to SDR increases serum cytokine levels, results in accumulation of spleen CD11b<sup>+</sup> myeloid cells, and primes macrophages for increased cytokine and microbicidal activity. Our previous studies showed that intestinal microbes are necessary for SDR-enhancement of innate immunity. In this study, we show that SDR increases spleen CD11b<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>interm</sup>Ly6G<sup>+</sup> neutrophil and CD11b<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>hi</sup>Ly6G<sup>−</sup>monocyte numbers compared with control mice. Further, we found that neutrophils and monocytes from stressor-exposed mice expressed higher levels of IL-1β mRNA. To determine whether bacterial translocation may contribute to these effects, bacterial 16S rRNA was quantified using quantitative real-time RT-PCR with bacterial group-specific primers. Exposure to the SDR stressor specifically increased <i>Lactobacillus</i> RNA in the spleen, which localized in spleen monocytes. The increased spleen levels of <i>Lactobacillus</i> 16S rRNA in SDR mice positively correlated with increased levels of IL-1β and IL-23 mRNA. Our findings indicate that during stressor exposure, <i>Lactobacillus spp.</i> can translocate to the spleen and prime the innate immune system for enhanced reactivity.
MENTAL REACTIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE
Authors: P. H. Drewry, James H. Wall
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)

1. Some of the literature on the subject of psychotic reactions associated with heart disease has been reviewed. 2. The greater incidence of such reactions in general hospitals than in psychiatric hospitals has been indicated. 3. An analysis of ten cases seen in a psychiatric hospital has been made, and it has been shown that the occurrence of delirium is conditioned to a great extent by psychological personality factors, as well as the features of decompensation, inadequate medical treatment of the heart, and excessive drug sedation. This point has been illustrated by a detailed summary of the case of one patient. 4. A general method of management of such illnesses has been suggested, with emphasis upon rest, proper elimination, absence of hypnotic drugs and proper digitalization. This should be correlated with psychotherapy to obtain the best results.
Binding of human factor VII and VIIa to monocytes.
Authors: G J Broze
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Human coagulation Factors VII and VIIa bind with equal affinity to monocytes stimulated with endotoxin. Equilibrium binding studies performed at 0 degrees C using 125I-labeled Factor VII and VIIa showed the dissociation constant (Kd) to be congruent to 82 pM with congruent to 3,600 binding sites/monocyte. Ca++ was required for Factor VII and VIIa interaction with monocytes (optimal CaC12 concentration greater than or equal to 2.5 mM) and binding was reversed by the addition of EDTA. The rate of conversion of Factor X to Xa in mixtures containing Factor VIIa and monocytes was directly related to the quantity of Factor VIIa bound to the monocyte surface. Thus the monocyte binding sites appear to represent tissue factor. Competition experiments showed that Factor VII and VIIa bind to the same monocyte sites and further, that unlabeled Factor VII and VIIa have the same affinity for the binding sites as the 125I-labeled proteins.
High predictive value of early viral kinetics in retreatment with peginterferon and ribavirin of chronic hepatitis C patients non-responders to standard combination therapy
Authors: Rami Moucari, Marie-Pierre Ripault, Valérie Oulès, Michèle Martinot-Peignoux, Tarik Asselah, Nathalie Boyer, Ahmed El Ray, Dominique Cazals-Hatem, Dominique Vidaud, Dominique Valla, Marc Bourlière, Patrick Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Power-Law Relationship of Heart Rate Variability as a Predictor of Mortality in the Elderly
Authors: Heikki V. Huikuri, Timo H. Mäkikallio, K. E. Juhani Airaksinen, Tapio Seppänen, Pauli Puukka, Ismo J. Räihä, Leif B. Sourander
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The prognostic role of heart rate (HR) variability analyzed from 24-hour ECG recordings in the general population is not well known. We studied whether analysis of 24-hour HR behavior is able to predict mortality in a random population of elderly subjects.A random sample of 347 subjects of > or =65 years of age (mean, 73+/-6 years) underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and 24-hour ECG recordings and were subsequently followed up for 10 years. Various spectral and nonspectral measures of HR variability were analyzed from the baseline 24-hour ECG recordings. Risk factors for all-cause, cardiac, cerebrovascular, cancer, and other causes of death were assessed. By the end of 10-year follow-up, 184 subjects (53%) had died and 163 (47%) were still alive. Seventy-four subjects (21%) had died of cardiac disease, 37 of cancer (11%), 25 of cerebrovascular disease (7%), and 48 (14%) of various other causes. Among all analyzed variables, a steep slope of the power-law regression line of HR variability (< -1.50) was the best univariate predictor of all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 7.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7 to 17.0; P<.0001). After adjusting for age and sex and including all univariate predictors of mortality in the proportional hazards analysis, ie, measures of HR variability, history of heart disease, functional class, smoking, medication, and blood cholesterol and glucose concentrations, all-cause mortality was predicted only by the slope of HR variability (adjusted relative risk, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.42 to 2.13; P<.0001) and a history of congestive heart failure (adjusted relative risk, 1.70; P=.0002). The slope of HR variability predicted both cardiac (adjusted relative risk, 2.05; P=.0002) and cerebrovascular death (adjusted relative risk, 2.84; P=.0001) but not cancer or other causes of death.Power-law relationship of 24-hour HR variability is a more powerful predictor of death than the traditional risk markers in elderly subjects. Altered long-term behavior of HR implies an increased risk of vascular causes of death rather than being a marker of any disease or frailty leading to death.
THE POSITION TO-DAY OF TUBERCULIN IN TREATMENT
Authors: R. A. Young
Journal: BMJ (1932)

TREATMENTMEDICA JITURNAL 1091 exactly, and, in the light of modern experience, most of us will hesitate to draw the line sharply between tuber- culous infection of a degree consistetA with health and tuberculous infection just severe enough to constitute disease.But, of all the tuberculin tests, the subcutaneous method of Koch renmains the most valuable in diagnosis.It depends upon general and focal reactions which are, in themselves, evidence of active disease, and, when elicited by tuberculin, miay be accepted as diagnostic of clinically active tuberculosis.The only thing against it is its risk, and, in my opinion, there is no excuse for taking any avoidable risk in the attemipt to establish a diagnosis.I have indicated one kind of case in which Koch's original test may be applied wvith safety, and there are doubtless fairly numerous cases in which the subcutaneous test may be used without ill results by experienced physicians.Apart from these, it appears to me that the MIantoux test, applied with due skill and interpreted with discretion, is calculated to give valuable information, whether positive or negative, in the earlier years of life, and that, apart from the diagnosis of clinically active tuberculosis, this test is invaluable as a means for determining the distribution of infection in communities in which epidemiological investigations are contemplated.On the whole, for purposes of diagnosis in man, the tuberculin test, in all its varieties, is definitely inferior to the combined radiological, physical, and laboratory examinations which have come to be the routine methods.
Nutritional support improves antibody response to influenza virus vaccine in the elderly.
Authors: M Chavance, B Herbeth, T Mikstacki, C Fournier, G Vernhes, C Janot
Journal: BMJ (1985)

in some cases at operation, were included in this study.The mean age and sex distribution of the whole series and of the subgroups were as follows: whole group, 47 3 years, men 50-8%; cholelithiasis, 53 5 years, men 38-6%; acute pancreatitis, 45-5 years, men 52-5%; and chronic pancreatitis, 55-8 years, men 61 50%0.The results show that the incidence of symptomatic gall stone disease was similar in all racial groups (table); but acute pancreatitis was at least four times commoner, and chronic pancreatitis three times commoner, in Asians than in the other groups.Even when those patients in whom known causal factors such as gall stones and alcohol were excluded the differences were still present.Asian patients with acute pan- creatitis were on average eight vears younger than their European counterparts and had more severe disease.The Ealing health district serves most of Ealing and parts of Southall, so our catchment population was not the same as that covered in the diabetic survey.We also recognise that the incidence of a disorder in hospital does not necessarily reflect its prevalence in the community.Nevertheless, even in this small and selected group of patients, there appear to be racial differences in the manifestations of acute and chronic pancreatitis.Our observations and the results of the survey by Dr Mather and Professor Keen may be helpful in determining the reasons for the susceptibility of Asians to diabetes.
523 PLATELETS AND KUPFFER CELLS IN LIVER REGENERATION
Authors: S. Murata, R. Matsuo, O. Ikeda, A. Myronovych, M. Watanabe, K. Hisakura, Y. Nakano, K. Kohno, T. Kawasaki, I. Hashimoto, Y. Shibasaki, N. Ohkohchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Cosegregation of Bipolar Disorder and Autosomal-Dominant Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease in a Large Family
Authors: Ryan J. Kimmel, Ildiko Kovacs, Cathy Vrabel, Barry Wood, Martin Schalling, John R. Kelsoe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

The authors report a large family in which bipolar disorder appears to cosegregate with autosomal-dominant medullary cystic kidney disease.Information regarding diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder and medullary cystic kidney disease were gathered from family members through formal research interviews, hospital admission records, imaging reports, and laboratory data.Of the seven members with medullary cystic kidney disease, five had bipolar I disorder, one had unipolar depression, and one had a hyperthymic phenotype. Information was not available on two members.The cosegregation in this family suggests a close proximity between genes for the two disorders. The two known loci of medullary cystic kidney disease are in regions of chromosomes 1 and 16 that have been previously linked to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This family may be a useful resource for positional cloning of bipolar candidate genes.
Inequalities in Income and Health Related to Child Poverty—Reply
Authors: Eric Emerson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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Loss of tolerance and overdose mortality with detoxification: Deaths have been associated with interventions
Authors: C. L Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Strang et al reported the death rate after inpatient detoxification but not treatment status before admission, which may be an important factor.1 Addiction services should record these outcomes through monitoring adverse events. Detoxification can be inappropriately recommended to patients when there is an expectation in the service to encourage alternatives to long term methadone prescribing. A safer option may be detoxification …
Arteriograms in Temporal Arteritis
Authors: Don E. Cheatum
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Dr Podboy (233:1354, 1975) wrote a communication to properly bring attention to the entity of temporal arteritis, which is indeed an important entity. However, he mentioned that  are  in this disorder.  I would like to take issue with this statement and indeed suggest that arteriograms are not only not contraindicated but are in some cases indicated, since large-artery involvement does occur in temporal arteritis or giant-cell arteritis as well as in Takayasu disease, which usually occurs in younger women. Severe largeartery involvement has been well documented in the medical literature, and it is preventable and reversible by early recognition and treatment, which sometimes requires arteriography.  Three references provide further information. 1-3
In situ localization of tissue-factor following carotid angioplasty using a ligand-targeted ultrasonic contrast agent and intravascular ultrasound
Authors: G.M. Lanza, D.R. Abendschein, C.S. Hall, D.K. Scherrer, M.J. Scott, A. Houseman, J.G. Miller, S.A. Wickline
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Axial post-contrast computed tomogram at the level of the aortic arch
Authors: E. Skelton, D. C. Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Fluorinated 4-quinolones are widely used antibiotics. Several case reports describe the exacerbation of muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis patients treated with fluoroquinolones. We studied the effects of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin on miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) and currents. These antibiotics progressively decreased the amplitude of the quinolones should be used only with great caution in disorders that compromise the safety margin of neuromuscular transmission.