tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bace2 Is a β Cell-Enriched Protease that Regulates Pancreatic β Cell Function and Mass
Authors: Daria Esterházy, Ina Stützer, Haiyan Wang, Markus P. Rechsteiner, Jeremy Beauchamp, Heinz Döbeli, Hans Hilpert, Hugues Matile, Michael Prummer, Alexander Schmidt, Nora Lieske, Bernhard Boehm, Lorella Marselli, Domenico Bosco, Julie Kerr-Conte, Ruedi Aebersold, Giatgen Andreia Spinas, Holger Moch, Cristiano Migliorini, Markus Stoffel
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Ralph E. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Recent news regarding the wife of the President has again focused national attention on diseases collectively referred to as cancer that afflict one of every four Americans during their lifetime. Cancer of the breast alone is diagnosed in about 90,000 new patients every year, and there has been a long standing medical debate over the relative merits of various therapeutic methods. Often lost in the swirl of controversy over treatment has been a greatly needed emphasis for a more deliberate approach to the total patient from the onset. Whereas many examples could be cited within the field of oncology, cancer . . .
High-Frequency Canonical Wnt Activation in Multiple Sarcoma Subtypes Drives Proliferation through a TCF/β-Catenin Target Gene, CDC25A
Authors: Sapna Vijayakumar, Guizhong Liu, Ioana A. Rus, Shen Yao, Yan Chen, Gal Akiri, Luca Grumolato, Stuart A. Aaronson
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
222 CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF RIFAXIMIN FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF REMISSION OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: A SUBGROUP ANALYSIS OF A PHASE 3 TRIAL
Authors: A. Sanyal, N. Bass, L. Teperman, S. Sigal, D. Hillebrand, K. Merchant, S. Huang, A. Shaw, E. Bortey, W. Forbes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
First cases of type 2 diabetes found in white UK teenagers
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The trend towards obesity in British children has produced the country's first recognised cases of type 2 diabetes in white adolescents. The illness has been diagnosed in three girls aged from 13 to 15 and a boy aged 15, according to an article in the journal Archives of Disease in Childhood (2002;86:207-8).

The children, who were referred to treatment centres in Bristol and Southampton, were all clinically obese. Type 2 diabetes has already been noted in children …
Imatinib in Melanoma: A Selective Treatment Option Based on <i>KIT</i> Mutation Status?
Authors: Jürgen C. Becker, Eva B. Bröcker, Dirk Schadendorf, Selma Ugurel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the article by Curtin et al 1 on activating KIT mutations in melanoma. The authors differentiate four subtypes of primary melanoma depending on sun exposureandlocalization:acralmelanoma,mucosalmelanoma,melanomaonchronicallysun-damagedskin,andmelanomaarisingfrom skin without signs of chronic sun damage. The latter subgroup has recently been shown to be characterized by frequent activating mutations in B-RAF and N-RAS, members of the MAP kinase pathway, whereas these mutations are rare in the other three subtypes. 2 In the current Curtin et al article, 1 these very same three subtypes were demonstratedtoholdhighfrequencies(28%to39%)ofgeneticaberrations in KIT, a receptor tyrosine kinase, whereas in contrast these aberrationswereabsent(0%)inmelanomasarisingfromskinwithout chronicsundamage. 1 ThedetectedKITaberrationsincludeddifferent mutations as well as copy number increases and were associated with an enhanced KIT protein expression. Eleven (69%) of 16 KIT mutations were predicted to affect the juxta-membrane domain, presumably resulting in a constitutive activation of KIT. These mutations are frequently found in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and have beenshowntobehighlysensitivetoimatinib,atyrosinekinaseinhib
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF PROSTATIC SECRETION
Authors: Charles Huggins, M. H. Masina, Lillian Eichelberger, James D. Wharton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

A simple isolation of the prostate enabled quantitative collection of prostatic secretion in dogs over periods of months. The secretory stimulant was pilocarpine and 2 similar amounts injected with a 6 hour interval gave smaller amounts at the second testing, suggesting a fatigue effect. The prostate was not absolutely refractory since doubling the amount of alkaloid injected at the second test increased the volume to equal or exceed the preliminary secretion. The depression effect had disappeared at 24 hours. In normal dogs the secretory curves were essentially regular, with occasional prolonged rises or depressions. The amount of secretion did not bear a direct relationship to the weight of the gland in adult dogs. The germinal epithelium of the testis underwent atrophy during the first few weeks of cage life while the prostatic secretion was maintained, showing that the atrophy was differential and did not involve the cells producing the androgenic hormone. The atrophy was reversible and all dogs kept for more than 4 months showed restoration of the germ cells. A few dogs developed atrophy of the germinal cells with cessation of prostatic secretion for many weeks but with final recovery. Removal of the suprarenal glands with suprarenal insufficiency did not produce sterility. The distribution of electrolytes in the prostatic secretion differed from that in the serum-transudate system, although the concentration of osmotically active substances was the same, being made up almost entirely of sodium and chloride. The distribution was not affected by the different physiological procedures used in this study. Protein concentrations were less than 1 per cent. The rate of prostatic atrophy following castration was determined, and cessation of secretion occurred in 7 to 23 days. The restoration of prostatic fluid in castrate dogs following daily injections of testosterone propionate followed a smooth curve to form a plateau which was interrupted occasionally by prolonged elevations with return to the established level. The prostate having been reconstructed, the dosage of androgenic material injected could be greatly reduced without causing a decrease in secretion. Ablation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands had no significant influence on prostatic secretion. Hyperthyroidism caused a secretory depression interrupted with returns to normal levels.
Abnormal neuroendocrine responses during exercise in heart transplant recipients.
Authors: R W Braith, C E Wood, M C Limacher, M L Pollock, D T Lowenthal, M I Phillips, E D Staples
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Osmotic and neural factors stimulate neuroendocrine activity during exercise. In contrast to excitatory mechanisms, afferent information from cardiac mechanoreceptors inhibits integrative centers in the hypothalamus and medula oblongata, which serves to buffer neuroendocrine activity. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation results in the loss of afferent information from cardiac mechanoreceptors. Thus, transplantation possibly results in exaggerated neuroendocrine responses when patients are physically active.We measured the neuroendocrine response to moderate and strenuous exercise performed at the same relative intensity in 11 heart transplant recipients (50 +/- 14 years old) 18 +/- 12 months after transplantation and 11 control subjects matched with respect to sex, age, and body size. Plasma levels of norepinephrine, vasopressin, renin activity, atrial natriuretic peptide, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were measured at rest, during a maximal graded exercise test, and during submaximal exercise at 40% and 70% of peak power output on a cycle ergometer (W). Plasma renin activity and atrial natriuretic peptide were elevated at rest in heart transplant recipients (p < or = 0.05). Heart rate (%HRmax reserve), rating of perceived exertion, and reductions in plasma volume (% delta from rest) at the conclusion of the three exercise conditions did not differ between heart transplant recipients and control (p > or = 0.05). Relative changes in neuroendocrine hormones were similar (p > or = 0.05) in heart transplant recipients and control during exercise at 40% of peak power output. Relative changes in plasma norepinephrine, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, and plasma renin activity were greater (p < or = 0.05) in heart transplant recipients during exercise at 70% of peak power output and the graded exercise test.We interpret these data as a possible indication of ablation of cardiac mechanoreceptor afferents and unopposed neuroendocrine stimulation in heart transplant recipients. Furthermore, chronic neuroendocrine hyperactivity is likely in ambulatory heart transplant recipients. Although cyclosporine nephrotoxicity is implicated in the development of hypertension, our data suggest that chronic neuroendocrine hyperactivity, which alters renal volume regulation, also contributes to the incidence and severity of hypertension in heart transplant recipients.
JAMA and AIDS: Too Much? Not Enough?
Authors: Thomas A. Peterman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Dr Kubin 1 questions the relevance of many articles on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for the practicing physician. This is understandable, because most patients visit their physician because of other problems, and the physician's primary responsibility is to address those needs. However, Dr Kubin understates both the magnitude of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS epidemic and the role that physicians can play in stopping it.  Dr Kubin predicted that 72 000 patients would be diagnosed with AIDS by 1990, but this was already exceeded by more than 10 000 at the end of 1988. He estimated that by 1990 the number afflicted will be less than 1 in 2000, but current estimates are that 1 in 200 may already be infected 2 . Furthermore, in some areas 3% of children are born to HIV-infected mothers 3 ; the epidemic will not end in 1990. We suspect that Dr Kubin
Splenic cord capillary hemangioma and anemia: Resolution after splenectomy
Authors: Meredith Kato, Carrie Lubitz, David Finley, Amy Chadburn, Thomas J. Fahey
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

A 59-year-old female presented with isolated anemia and a splenic mass. Standard histology and immunohistochemical techniques categorized the splenic lesion as a cord capillary hemangioma. The patient's anemia resolved following splenectomy. Cord capillary hemangiomas are exceedingly rare with few reports in the literature. This is the first reported case of resolution of anemia after splenectomy for a vascular tumor of the spleen. Am. J. Hematol. 81:538–542, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Agent Orange: what's to be done by whom?
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Controversy continues about the effects of dioxincontaining herbicides on human health. What's more, another controversy is developing about the best way to find some answers. The latter centers on an Air Force study of servicemen who sprayed Agent Orange defoliant in Southeast Asia to deny cover and crops to the enemy. The study, which is just starting, is designed to answer the question of whether there have been, are now, or will be in the reasonably foreseeable future any adverse health effects among Ranch Hand personnel who repeatedly were exposed to Agent Orange. (Ranch Hand is the name of the eight-year military program; approximately 1,200 personnel were involved in loading and spraying herbicides from aircraft.) All the herbicides had "color-coded" names; Agent Orange was used most often. Recently, however, a panel of the National Research Council (NRC) asserted that there are "major weaknesses" in the design of this study that
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma involving bone marrow presenting with persistent anemia
Authors: Jaya Ruth Asirvatham, Judith Brody, Xiaotong Wang, Anu Chandok, Xinmin Zhang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

A 54-year-old man presented with persistent anemia (hemoglobin ranging from 7.6 to 9.5 g/dl), fever, and night sweats. Imaging studies showed multiple liver and bilateral pulmonary nodules, numerous small lucent lesions throughout the thoracic spine, and a destructive right seventh posterior rib lesion. Laboratory testing showed iron deficiency anemia with a component of anemia of chronic disease (iron: 22 µg/dl, ferritin 609 ng/ml, soluble transferring receptor 9.0 mg/l) with mildly elevated lactate dehydrogenase (399 U/l) and negative direct antiglobulin test. Blood cultures (including fungal and acid fast bacilli) were negative and white blood cell counts were within the reference range. Though human immunodeficiency virus testing was not performed, flow cytometry showed a normal CD4/CD8 ratio. The serum electrophoresis pattern was reported as consistent with acute inflammation or a stress response, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 105 mm/hr. Bone marrow biopsy showed marrow infiltration by a vascular proliferation characterized by slightly spindled epithelioid cells forming nests and few distinct vascular channels, filled with blood (Fig. 1A). Miniature intracytoplasmic lumina containing red blood cells (Fig. 1B) were evident in some epithelioid cells. There were no atypical features such as high mitotic activity or cellular pleomorphism. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD34 (Fig. 1C), CD31, Factor VIII, and smooth muscle actin (Fig. 1D) and negative for HHV8-LANA by immunohistochemistry, which together with the histology confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, a malignant angiocentric vascular tumor. There was no evidence of hemophagocytosis in the smear or bone marrow biopsy. A subsequent liver biopsy was also performed which supported the diagnosis. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma usually presents as a superficial or deep soft tissue mass. About half the cases are associated with or arise from a vein. Metastases are usually to lymph nodes, lung, liver, and bone and are usually seen in tumors with atypical features. A small portion of benign appearing epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas do metastasize. However, involvement of the bone marrow is very rare. The epithelioid nature of some vascular neoplasms such as the current case or epithelioid angiosarcoma can pose diagnostic difficulties due to the abundant cytoplasm and positivity for immunomarkers indicative of epithelial origin such as cytokeratin, bringing into the differential metastatic carcinoma, melanoma, large cell lymphoma, and other epithelioid sarcomas. Vascular neoplasms can also present with hematologic abnormalities such as thrombocytopenia, disseminated vascular coagulation causing Kasabach–Merritt syndrome, autoimmune and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, Evans syndrome, hyposplenism, and rarely erythrophagocytosis 1-5.
IMPAIRED CARDIAC MECHANICS IN A LARGE POPULATION OF CHILDREN WITH HEART TRANSPLANTATION: A SPECKLE TRACKING AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Marcello Chinali, Claudia Esposito, Roberta Iacobelli, MariaGrazia D'Asaro, Alessandra Toscano, Giorgia Grutter, Alessia Del Pasqua, Maria Iacomino, Francesco Parisi, Giacomo Pongiglione, Gabriele Rinelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
IRON ABSORPTION. MEASUREMENT OF INGESTED IRON59 BY A HUMAN WHOLE-BODY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER
Authors: Robert van Hoek, Marcel E. Conrad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Iron absorption was measured in normal and irondepleted subjects by using Fe/sup 5//sup 9/ and a whole-body liquid scintillation counter. Normal iron-replete adult humans absorbed lO% or less of the orally administered test dose. Iron-deficient subjects absorbed 29 to 71%. The method requires a small dose of radioisotope, permitting repeated studies. It provides an index of the rate of iron loss, including loss by bleeding.
Nonoliguric Acute Renal Failure Associated with a Low Fractional Excretion of Sodium
Authors: JONATHAN R. DIAMOND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Measurement of the fractional excretion of sodium has been recommended as a useful clinical tool in evaluating acute renal failure. Six patients with nonoliguric acute renal failure had a fractional excretion of sodium less than or equal to 1.0%; these patients had severe liver dysfunction, which suggested a sodium-avid state. A review of the literature showed that in patients with other sodium-avid states (congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, and burns) the fractional excretion of sodium was frequently less than or equal to 1.0%. The fractional excretion of sodium is thus a less useful diagnostic test in patients whose clinical state makes them sodium avid.
Radioguided Surgical Strategy in Mucosal Melanoma of the Nasal Cavity
Authors: Peter Baptista, Maria Jose Garcia Velloso, Fabrizio Salvinelli, Manuele Casale
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (MM), although very rare (<1% of the all MM), is second only to squamous cell carcinoma among cancers of the nasal region and still represents a challenging problem in head and neck cancer. A 60-year-old woman had nasal MM stage I, which was treated with concomitant probe-guided tumor excision and an elective neck dissection after sentinel lymph node biopsy. The radioactivity status of the tumor and lymph nodes were compared with the histopathologic specimen. Surgical margins, sentinel lymph node, and lymphadenectomy were free of tumor. The patient was seen in frequent and regular follow-up and was free of disease without any other treatment (radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy). Radioguided surgery is an easy and reproducible surgical technique that could increase the likelihood of adequate excision and minimize the development of nodal disease by performing a “guided” neck dissection after the sentinel lymph node biopsy. A multidisciplinary approach and further studies with a longer follow-up are needed to substantiate the accuracy and safety of this strategy in the treatment of an aggressive neoplasm like MM of the head and neck, which still has a very poor prognosis.
Government fails to meet targets for sexually transmitted infections
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

One of the architects of England's strategy for sexual health has said that the country faces a crisis in sexual transmitted diseases. In an editorial in the journal Sexually Transmitted Infections , Professor Michael Adler writes that England has missed every one of the sexual health targets set out in the 1992 report Health of the Nation .

Diagnoses of chlamydia have risen by 73% in the past five years, with 67 403 cases identified in 2001. In the case of gonorrhoea, the Health of the Nation's target of 49 cases per 100 000 was met in 1997, but the succeeding four years saw a …
Balloon dilation of severe aortic stenosis in the fetus: Technical advances
Authors: Wayne Tworetzky, Russell W. Jennings, Louise E. Wilkins-Haug, Carol B. Benson, Audrey C. Marshall, Steven D. Colan, Mary van der Velde, Stanton B. Perry, James E. Lock
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Farmworker pesticide exposure and community-based participatory research: rationale and practical applications.
Authors: T A Arcury, S A Quandt, A Dearry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The consequences of agricultural pesticide exposure continue to be major environmental health problems in rural communities. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an important approach to redressing health disparities resulting from environmental causes. In this article we introduce a collection of articles that describe projects using CBPR to address the health disparities resulting from pesticide exposure in agricultural communities, particularly the communities of migrant and seasonal farmworkers. The articles in this collection are based on a workshop convened at the 1999 American Public Health Association meeting. The goals in presenting this collection are to provide those endeavoring to initiate CBPR projects needed information, guidelines, and procedures to improve the quality of the CBPR experience; to increase the scientific validity of CBPR projects; and to reduce the potential difficulties and stress of these collaborations. In this introduction we discuss the context in which these projects operate, summarizing background information about farmworkers in the United States, what is known about farmworker pesticide exposure, and the concept of community-based participatory research. Finally, the articles in this collection are summarized, and major themes common to successful CBPR projects are identified. These common features are taking the time to interact with the community, using multiple approaches to engage the different parts of the community, understanding different participants often have different goals, appreciating each group's strengths, valuing community knowledge, and being flexible and creative in conducting research. The final article in this collection describes the translational research program at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) highlighting activities pertinent to the health of rural communities, giving an overview of NIEHS-supported projects addressing health concerns of Native Americans and rural African-American communities in addition to farmworkers, and discussing future plans for CBPR at NIEHS.
Aberrant Expression of ARP2/3 in Breast Cancer and the Association with Disease Progression.
Authors: M. Moazzam, L. Ye, H. Kynaston, R. Mansel, W. Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Increased motility is an important characteristics of neoplastic cells, a cell function mediated through actin polymerization. During this process, aside from creation of new branches and lengthening of pre-existing actin molecule, Actin-Related Proteins (ARP)- 2 and ARP-3 work as a complex promotes polymerization through production of new nuclei for actin polymerization. This regulation is orchestrated by other intracellular regulators including and WAVE and WASP proteins, which have been shown to be aberrant in breast cancer (1,2). In this study we determined the differential expression of ARP-2 and ARP-3 and correlated the expression with various prognostic factors.Methods: Expression of ARP-2 and ARP-3 was examined in a cohort of mammary tissues (n=33 normal breast tissue and n=127 primary breast tumor tissue samples). Transcript levels of ARP2 and ARP3 were then determined using quantitative real time PCR (Q-PCR) and protein levels were assessed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Cytoplasmic staining for both ARP-2 and ARP-3 was noted along with strong epithelial staining as compared to stromal cells. Quantitative real time PCR (Q-PCR) data analysis showed lower expression of both ARP -2 &amp; -3 in tumour tissue as compared to normal but without statistical significance. ARP-2 expression was significantly reduced in tumour samples from patients with poor prognosis (p=0.037) and patients who died of breast cancer (p=0.0265). Primary breast tumor tissue samples from patients classified as TNM stage 3 and 4 showed statistically significant lower expression of ARP-3 as compared to normal tissue (p= 0.019 and 0.020, respectively). ARP-3 expression was also significantly lower in patients who developed local recurrence of breast cancer (p=0.027). Using a Spearman correlation analysis, ARP-3 transcripts were find to be significantly correlated with the WAVE-2 transcript (r=0.42, p&amp;lt;0.01).Conclusions: Breast cancer shows aberrant expression of ARP-2 and ARP-3, a pattern linked to the prognosis of the patients. ARP-3 and WAVE-2 may have an intimate interplay in this association which warrants further investigation.References1. Fernando HS et al. Expression of the WASP verprolin-homologues (WAVE members) in human breast cancer. Oncology. 2007;73:376-3832. Martin TA, et al. N-WASP is a putative tumour suppressor in breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, and is associated with clinical outcome in patients with breast cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2008;25:97-108 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6169.