tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induction of T-lymphocyte responses to a small molecular weight antigen. III. T-T cell interactions to determinants linked together: suppression vs. enhancement.
Authors: W W Bullock, D H Katz, B Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The experiments presented in this paper demonstrate the existence of T-T cell interactions in responses to azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-protein conjugates, and also make the point that the spectrum of T-cell regulation from facilitation (i.e., help) at one end to suppression at the other, which has been well documented in T-B cell interactions, is also followed in T-cell regulation of other T lymphocytes. The data extend the activity of ABA-specific suppressor cells, which were shown to specifically suppress the development of delayed hypersensitivity to ABA-T, to T cells responsible for delayed hypersensitivity to protein antigens provided immunization is carried out with ABA conjugates of these antigens. Thus, suppressor T cells acting on the development of delayed hypersensitivity are not limited in their effects to T cells bearing the same specificity but can effectively suppress responses on immunologically unrelated T cells if they are specific for carrier antigens covalently linked to the ABA-T determinant. Moreover, these studies demonstrate that, as is true of T-B cell interactions, the most efficient T-T cell interactions occur to determinants linked together on the same molecule thus supporting the concept that development of effector T-cell function may involve participation of at least two distinct precursor cells, each of which may convey independent determinant specificities and/or genetic control.
Diagnostic Testing and the Illusory Reassurance of Normal Results
Authors: Kurt Kroenke
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Lipoprotein clearance mechanisms in LDL receptor-deficient "Apo-B48-only" and "Apo-B100-only" mice.
Authors: M M Véniant, C H Zlot, R L Walzem, V Pierotti, R Driscoll, D Dichek, J Herz, S G Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The role of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in the clearance of apo-B48-containing lipoproteins and the role of the LDLR-related protein (LRP) in the removal of apo-B100-containing lipoproteins have not been clearly defined. To address these issues, we characterized LDLR-deficient mice homozygous for an "apo-B48-only" allele, an "apo-B100-only" allele, or a wild-type apo-B allele (Ldlr-/- Apob48/48, Ldlr-/-Apob100/100, and Ldlr-/-Apob+/+, respectively). The plasma apo-B48 and LDL cholesterol levels were higher in Ldlr-/-Apob48/48 mice than in Apob48/48 mice, indicating that the LDL receptor plays a significant role in the removal of apo-B48-containing lipoproteins. To examine the role of the LRP in the clearance of apo-B100-containing lipoproteins, we blocked hepatic LRP function in Ldlr-/-Apob100/100 mice by adenoviral-mediated expression of the receptor-associated protein (RAP). RAP expression did not change apo-B100 levels in Ldlr-/-Apob100/100 mice. In contrast, RAP expression caused a striking increase in plasma apo-B48 levels in Apob48/48 and Ldlr-/-Apob48/48 mice. These data imply that LRP is important for the clearance of apo-B48-containing lipoproteins but plays no significant role in the clearance of apo-B100-containing lipoproteins.
Factor VIII Concentrates in Outpatient Therapy
Authors: Charles M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two factor VIII concentrates, Courtland and Hemofil, were evaluated during 64 courses of therapy in 26 classic hemophiliacs who were outpatients. When adequate factor VIII levels were achieved, clinical responses were good with both products. However, in vivo recovery and half-life with Courtland were substantially greater than that found with Hemofil. This experience suggests that Hemofil may be less useful for treatment of the ambulatory patient, and that factor VIII concentrates must be evaluated individually prior to their administration to outpatients.
Acute necrotizing enterocolitis of preterm piglets is characterized by dysbiosis of ileal mucosa-associated bacteria
Authors: M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Derek M. Foster, Maria B. Cadenas, Maria R. Stone, Sheila K. Jacobi, Stephen H. Stauffer, Anthony Pease, Jody L. Gookin
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Investigation of bacteria involved in pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is limited by infant fragility, analysis restricted to feces, use of culture-based methods, and lack of clinically-relevant animal models. This study used a unique preterm piglet model to characterize spontaneous differences in microbiome composition of NEC-predisposed regions of gut. Preterm piglets (n=23) were cesarean-delivered and nurtured for 30 hours over which time 52% developed NEC. Bacterial DNA from ileal content, ileal mucosa, and colonic mucosa were PCR amplified, subjected to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis and targeted 16S rDNA qPCR. Preterm ileal mucosa was specifically bereft in diversity of bacteria compared to ileal content and colonic mucosa. Preterm ileum was restricted to representation by only Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi. In piglets with NEC, ileal mucosa was uniquely characterized by increases in number of Firmicutes and diversity of phyla to include Actinobacteria and uncultured bacteria. Five specific TRFLP profiles, corresponding in closest identity to Clostridium butyricum, C. neonatale, C. proteolyticum, Streptomyces spp., and Leptolyngbya spp., were significantly more prevalent or observed only among samples from piglets with NEC. Total numbers of Clostridium spp. and C. butyricum were significantly greater in samples of NEC ileal mucosa but not ileal content or colonic mucosa. These results provide strong support for ileal mucosa as a focus for investigation of specific dysbiosis associated with NEC and suggest a significant role for Clostridium spp., and members of the Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria in the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm piglets.
Targeted disruption of the hepcidin 1 gene results in severe hemochromatosis
Authors: Jeanne-Claire Lesbordes-Brion, Lydie Viatte, Myriam Bennoun, Dan-Qing Lou, Guillemette Ramey, Christophe Houbron, Ghislaine Hamard, Axel Kahn, Sophie Vaulont
Journal: Blood (2006)
Adding Insult to Injury: Reluctance to Engage in Clinical Research with At-Risk Groups Further Disenfranchises These Populations
Authors: Holly Fernandez Lynch, Liza Dawson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size The authors work in the Division of AIDS of NIAID/NIH, which is the sponsor of HPTN 058 and the HVTN. The views expressed in this commentary are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services or the National Institutes of Health. We wish to acknowledge Linda Ehler for her helpful review of previous drafts. This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN272200800014C.
Silver Nanoparticles Impregnated Alginate–Chitosan‐Blended Nanocarrier Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Shilpa Sharma, S. Chockalingam, Pallab Sanpui, Arun Chattopadhyay, Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Herein, a green method for the development of a novel biodegradable silver nanoparticles (NPs) impregnated alginate–chitosan‐blended nanocarrier (Ag NPs–Alg–Chi NC) is reported. The synthesis of Ag NPs–Alg–Chi NC is based on the polyelectrolyte complex formation between alginate and chitosan. The composite NC is characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The Ag NPs in the NC are found to elicit anticell proliferative effect on refractory U87MG (human glioblastoma) cells at IC 50 of 2.4 μg mL −1 for Ag NPs. The cell cycle analysis shows extensive DNA damage. Elevation in reactive oxygen species level indicates induction of oxidative stress in treated cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cell death is evident from the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψ m ). Fluorescence and SEM images of the treated cells reveal nuclear and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, which is further confirmed by TUNEL assay. The induction of apoptosis at low concentration of Ag NPs present in Ag NPs–Alg–Chi NC in comparison with free Ag NPs makes it a promising tool for cancer therapy.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor from Sanders et al
Authors: Eleanor B. Carson-Walter, Kevin A. Walter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

In Response: We are aware of the article published by Sanders (Strickland) et al. as its findings are complementary to our own. It was published after our article was in press so we were unable to cite it in our article, but we are very happy to acknowledge it here (1). Dr. Sanders is correct to point out that expression of PV-1 is not limited to brain tumors but is present in many normal human tissues with fenestrated endothelium. We are well aware of this, mention it in our article, and indeed we used normal human lung tissue as a positive control for PV-1 expression in our laboratory. What is unique to brain tumors is that PV-1 expression is entirely absent in normal brain capillaries, raising the possibility that expression of PV-1 in the brain microvasculature could be a selective target for brain tumor angiogenesis and/or cerebral edema.In their letter, Drs. Sanders and Koeppen argue that the systemic expression of PV-1 precludes considering it as a target for antiangiogenic therapies. Whereas we share their concerns, we respectively disagree that it should be discarded out of hand. As we argue in our article and will reiterate here, a variety of technologies, including biodegradable polymer matrices and convection-enhanced delivery, have been perfected to deliver drugs and macromolecules to the central nervous system (reviewed by the senior author in ref. 2). Biodegradable Gliadel wafers are Food and Drug Administration approved to deliver 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea interstitially to patients with glioblastoma multiforme. The wafers deliver active drug to the tumor site but systemic levels of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea are undetectable and none of the usual dose limiting toxicities associated with systemic 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea administration are present. Several macromolecular toxin conjugates are also in phase III clinical trials against glioblastoma administered as an intratumoral infusion with convection-enhanced delivery. These compounds target the transferrin receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor, both of which are highly expressed in a variety of normal tissues. The selective nature in which the drug-toxin conjugates are infused into the tumor limits systemic toxicity. The availability and development of these technologies in our laboratory makes us more confident about selectively targeting PV-1 in brain tumors.
The Influence of Baseline Parameters on Changes in International Prostate Symptom Score with Dutasteride, Tamsulosin, and Combination Therapy among Men with Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and an Enlarged Prostate: 2-Year Data from the CombAT Study
Authors: Claus G. Roehrborn, Paul Siami, Jack Barkin, Ronaldo Damião, Edgardo Becher, Bernardino Miñana, Vicenzo Mirone, Ramiro Castro, Timothy Wilson, Francesco Montorsi
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Anaphylaxis after dichloralphenazone treatment.
Authors: D G Limb
Journal: BMJ (1977)

continuing and expanding research on the treatment of this condition, which is at present responsible for considerable personal distress and social disruption.In view of the large numbers of women between the menarche and the menopause who suffer from PMS any significant reduction in its overall incidence will be welcome and we hope that family doctors will be encouraged to treat PMS by these new approaches.Further help and support from specialised clinics in teaching hospitals and other centres will be required for some time yet, but we hope soon to publish further observations on the clinical presenta- tion of PMS which will minimise this need.
Serious Trauma in Children after External Cardiac Massage
Authors: Manning M. Thaler, Vernon W. Krause
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

SINCE 1960, when Kouwenhoven, Jude and Knickerbocker1 described a method of treating cardiac arrest by external compression of the chest, this emergency maneuver has found increasing acceptance and is replacing thoracotomy in most cases of cardiac arrest. The simplicity, immediate applicability and apparent harmlessness of the closed-chest technic make it an ideal emergency maneuver. Experimental and practical evidence2 , 3 suggests that the circulatory pressures obtained by external compression are as effective as those resulting from direct massage of the heart, without the frequent injuries to the myocardium associated with the latter method.The procedure is not without complications. Most trauma results . . .
Studies on the pathogenesis of the early dumping syndrome induced by intraduodenal instillation of hypertonic glucose.
Authors: J A Snook, A D Wells, D R Prytherch, D H Evans, S R Bloom, D G Colin-Jones
Journal: Gut (1989)

A reaction indistinguishable from the early dumping syndrome was induced in four of nine normal volunteers by intraduodenal instillation of a hypertonic glucose meal. Tachycardia and marked peripheral vasodilatation were demonstrated in 9dumpers9 by Doppler ultrasound measurements of the arterial blood flow signal. The dumping reaction was not detectably altered by the addition of guar to the meal. Plasma VIP concentration rose and plasma volume fell to a similar degree in 9dumpers9 and 9non-dumpers9, suggesting that neither event is an integral component of the dumping mechanism. In contrast, the rates of rise of blood glucose and enteroglucagon concentration were markedly greater in 9dumpers9. The results are inconsistent with the conventional explanation that the early dumping syndrome is caused by a large osmotic fluid shift, but are compatible with a mechanism involving an initial period of intestinal hypermotility.
Cardiac Function in Primary Myocardial Disorder--I
Authors: J. F. Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The data presented indicate that myocardial function in primary cardiomyopathy falls into three main groups: congestive, constrictive, and hypertrophie obstructive. How ever, clear-cut differences between the congestive and constric tive groups do not always exist, though the hypertrophie obstructive group appears to be different. In the congestive and constrictive groups the absence of any obvious cause for the heart disease and the finding of round-cell infiltration and fibrosis at necropsy in some would harmonize with an infective origin for many, though the histological and virological studies gave no support for this. Nevertheless, myocarditis or infective cardiomyopathy has long been accepted as an entity. Possibly infection damages the delicate contractile elements of the myo cardium and interferes with the biochemical and biophysical phenomena essential for efficient function. In some way also the toxic agent might prevent the hypertrophy that occurs readily with most other forms of heart disease.
Use of Molecular Biomarkers for Predicting the Response to Radiotherapy With or Without Chemotherapy
Authors: Oliver Riesterer, Luka Milas, K. Kian Ang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Radiotherapy (RT), particularly when combined with chemotherapy, has progressively become the nonsurgical standard of care in the primary treatment of a variety of cancers. Likewise, hormonal therapy is routinely combined with RT for the treatment of hormone-sensitive tumors. In addition, the clinical efficacy of combining an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist with RT was recently validated. In view of cancer heterogeneity and the availability of an increasing number of therapy options, identification of biomarkers that can predict tumor response to a given therapy is crucial in streamlining treatment and sparing patients from receiving often toxic and expensive therapies that are not likely to be effective. Well-established biomarkers for response to hormonal therapy and/or RT are tumor estrogen receptor and the receptor tyrosine kinase HER-2 for breast cancer and serum prostate-specific antigen for prostate carcinoma. Some markers of tumor hypoxia and the level of tumor EGFR expression have been shown to be independent predictors of tumor response to RT. The use of biomarkers for predicting tumor response to the combination of RT and chemotherapy has thus far been limited to the methylation status of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated with the combination of RT plus temozolomide. No validated biomarkers for predicting the response to molecular therapeutics are currently available. In this review, we call for standardization and simplification of assay methods and stress the importance of conducting confirmatory prospective studies. Integrated plans for identifying molecular markers built into many ongoing trials will hopefully generate more insights in the near future.
PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS STATION: REPORT ON SECOND YEAR'S WORKING
Authors: B. P. Wiesner
Journal: BMJ (1931)

PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS STATION[ TIHE BR[TISH more that the spirit we are proud to associate with the British race is still present in the highest degree.While all performed their duties so well, I must make special mention of the following:Sister R. Lowve, s ho, after a nerve-racking experieince in RoI)johns W\ard, and heroic efforts to rescue her patients, s orked almost without ceasing for thirty-six hours at the racecourse hospital; Dr. T.
Abstract 3900: Nuclear c-REL displaces p73 in partnering with DNp63 to suppress p21 expression and promote proliferation in head and neck cancer
Authors: Hai Lu, Praveen Duggal, Clint Allen, Bin Yan, Xinping Yang, Jonah Cohen, Liesl Nottingham, Kathryn E. King, Wendy Weinberg, Zhong Chen, Carter Van Waes
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The tumor suppressor p53 is known as the ‘guardian of the genome’ owing to its ability to integrate many signals that control cell life or death. But the functions of the p53 tumor suppressor are commonly lost in cancer. The p53 family members p63 and p73 also contribute to tumor-suppressor function, because they share many common transcriptional targets with p53 and their activities contribute to the p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycling of cancer cells. In p53 mutant tumors, TAp73 or TAp63 isoforms may compensate for p53 loss and respond to cell stress by upregulating genes involved in growth arrest and apoptosis. In contrast, DNp63 and DNp73 counteract the activities of TA isoforms, either by competing for common DNA binding elements or by blocking the TAp63 and TAp73 isoforms through direct protein-protein interactions. The mechanism regulating TA and DN crosstalk and balance remains uncertain. We recently reported that p53 and NF-KappaB family members DNp63 and c-Rel can interact to repress p21Cip1 and growth arrest in normal murine keratinocytes. Here we show that c-Rel, p63, and p73 exhibit aberrant expression and nuclear localization in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Co-immunoprecipitation, electromobility shift assay (EMSA), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies revealed that TNFalpha-induced or overexpressed nuclear c-Rel interact with DNp63, displace TAp73 from the nucleus, and from p63 promoter regulatory motifs of cell cycle and apoptotic genes p21, NOXA and PUMA. TNFalpha-induced or overexpressed c-Rel repressed, while c-Rel siRNA knockdown enhanced their expression and inhibited cell proliferation and survival. We conclude that aberrant and TNFalpha-mediated activation and interaction of c-Rel/DNp63 can displace TAp73 and block its key function in growth arrest and apoptosis. Our findings support a novel mechanism whereby an inflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-alpha, can promote c-Rel nuclear translocation, interaction with DNp63, and displacement of TAp73, to inhibit expression of key cell cycle inhibitor and apoptotic genes, which are downregulated in HNSCC and other cancers. This represents a novel form of cross-talk between NF-kappaB and TP53 family members and pathways that govern the switch between survival and death signals in HNSCC and other malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3900.