tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Specific HLA in Pulmonary MAC Infection in a Japanese Population
Authors: MASAMITSU TAKAHASHI, AKITOSHI ISHIZAKA, HIDETOSHI NAKAMURA, KEN KOBAYASHI, MORIO NAKAMURA, MASAHIKO NAMIKI, TSUNEJIRO SEKITA, SHIGETAKA OKAJIMA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection occasionally have neither past histories of pulmonary diseases nor underlying immunodeficiency conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized that MAC may be linked with a disease-susceptibility gene and determined human leukocyte-associated antigens (HLA) in patients with pulmonary MAC infection. HLA phenotypes were tested in 59 patients with pulmonary MAC infection, and diagnosed according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society. Data of a Japanese population reported at the Tenth Japan HLA Workshop were used as a control. HLA-A33 (28.8% versus 12.5%, p = 5 x 10(-)(4)) and HLA-DR6 (50.8% versus 20.2%, p = 5 x 10(-)(8)) antigen frequencies in patients with MAC were significantly increased compared with those of the control population. Frequency of a haplotype A33-B44-DR6 in the MAC patients was also significantly increased compared with those of the control population (23.7% versus 4.2%; p = 3 x 10(-)(9)). These data suggest that development of pulmonary MAC infection is associated with specific HLA in a Japanese population.
Academic Medical Centers Embark on Public Outreach Through the Internet
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intrapleural Instillation Of Asbestos
Authors: Irving J. Selikoff
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  A study presented at the Sixth Multidiscipline Research Forum proposed the instillation of a mixture of powdered asbestos and penicillin crystals intrapleurally, in the treatment of recurrent pneumothorax ( 196 :583, 1966), since this produced dense fibrous synechia of the pleura in dogs.  The wisdom of this proposal may be questioned, in view of the association between asbestos and the development of pleural mesothelioma. This previously rare tumor is now being reported with increasing frequency among individuals exposed to asbestos; in one series of 307 consecutive deaths among asbestos-insulation workers, ten were due to mesothelioma. 1 This incidence of more than 3% of deaths is remarkably high for a tumor ordinarily so rare that neither mesothelioma of the pleura nor mesothelioma of the peritoneum is separately classified in the International Classification of Diseases. Experimental studies have similarly demonstrated that intrapleural instillation of asbestos, at least in small animals,
Comment on: Margolis et al. Lack of Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and the Prevention of Amputation: A Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1961–1966
Authors: Susannah Sherlock
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

I read with interest and some disbelief the article by Margolis et al. (1), who conclude that “the usefulness of [hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)] in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers needs to be reevaluated.” Statistical manipulation cannot change the big problem with the study design. Propensity score matching is a technique to be used in situations with substantial overlap between treatment and control groups to account for observed covariates. Factors that affect assignment to treatment but that cannot be observed (e.g., financial gain, clinician preference, lack of vascular surgical input, etc.) cannot be accounted for. It has been argued that this technique may increase hidden …
Lessons health care can learn from aviation
Authors: J. Rodger
Journal: BMJ (2008)

When it comes to risk, aviation and health care have more in common than you might think.1 For some years, the Medical and Defence Union of Scotland (MDDUS) has been working with Terema, an organisation run by a group of doctors and former British Airways pilots that focuses on managing the “human factors” in risk. We are currently hosting a …
Hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine alone and in combination in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised double blind trial.
Authors: K L Faarvang, C Egsmose, P Kryger, J Podenphant, M Ingeman-Nielsen, T M Hansen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To compare the effects of hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine alone and in combination in rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS--A six month randomised, multicentre, double blind trial with three parallel groups was performed. Ninety one outpatients with active rheumatoid arthritis were included. Monthly assessments of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, morning stiffness, number of swollen joints, a pain score, and global assessments were carried out. Radiographs of hands and wrists were taken before and after the trial. RESULTS--Sixty two patients completed the study. The 29 withdrawals caused no evident bias, and there was no difference in side effects among the three groups. All variables improved significantly with time. Patients treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine responded better and faster than those treated with hydroxychloroquine alone, but there was no statistically significant difference between the combination treatment and single drug treatment with sulphasalazine or between treatment with hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine given alone. CONCLUSION--The present results do not support a recommendation to use a combination of hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Inhaled measles vaccine is less protective than injected vaccine, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Aerosolised measles vaccine is immunogenic but less so than subcutaneous vaccination, says a study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine comparing these two approaches among children in India.

Despite the availability of a safe and effective injectable measles vaccine major outbreaks have continued, particularly in countries with poor health service infrastructure. An aerosolised measles vaccine was developed in Mexico and has been used there since 1980, but efficacy …
Chemotherapy for solid tumours
Authors: A G Dalgleish
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Computerised data collection systems have not improved data collection EDITOR,-It is disappointing to learn that in the 10 years from 1984 to 1993 roughly 13% ofpatients with malignant melanoma living in Avon were not recorded by the South Western Regional Cancer Registry.'The disappointment is increased by the knowledge that a previous study performed in the same hospital showed that in 1974 the same cancer registry missed 8-19% of malignant melanomas in the Avon area.2The collection of data seems not to have improved in the past 20 years despite the introduction of computerisation.This is supported by a closer examination of the figures provided by Clive Richards and colleagues.'In the three years (1984-6) before the introduction of the computerised histopathology systems in 1987 the cancer registry missed nine (4%) of 222 cases.In the four years 1990-3, the registry missed 73 (19%) of 386 cases.
Tofacitinib, an Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitor, in Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: William J. Sandborn, Subrata Ghosh, Julian Panes, Ivana Vranic, Chinyu Su, Samantha Rousell, Wojciech Niezychowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon for which current treatments are not universally effective. One additional treatment may be tofacitinib (CP-690,550), an oral inhibitor of Janus kinases 1, 2, and 3 with in vitro functional specificity for kinases 1 and 3 over kinase 2, which is expected to block signaling involving gamma chain-containing cytokines including interleukins 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, and 21. These cytokines are integral to lymphocyte activation, function, and proliferation.In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, we evaluated the efficacy of tofacitinib in 194 adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive tofacitinib at a dose of 0.5 mg, 3 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was a clinical response at 8 weeks, defined as an absolute decrease from baseline in the score on the Mayo scoring system for assessment of ulcerative colitis activity (possible score, 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating more severe disease) of 3 or more and a relative decrease from baseline of 30% or more with an accompanying decrease in the rectal bleeding subscore of 1 point or more or an absolute rectal bleeding subscore of 0 or 1.The primary outcome, clinical response at 8 weeks, occurred in 32%, 48%, 61%, and 78% of patients receiving tofacitinib at a dose of 0.5 mg (P=0.39), 3 mg (P=0.55), 10 mg (P=0.10), and 15 mg (P<0.001), respectively, as compared with 42% of patients receiving placebo. Clinical remission (defined as a Mayo score ≤2, with no subscore >1) at 8 weeks occurred in 13%, 33%, 48%, and 41% of patients receiving tofacitinib at a dose of 0.5 mg (P=0.76), 3 mg (P=0.01), 10 mg (P<0.001), and 15 mg (P<0.001), respectively, as compared with 10% of patients receiving placebo. There was a dose-dependent increase in both low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Three patients treated with tofacitinib had an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1500.Patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis treated with tofacitinib were more likely to have clinical response and remission than those receiving placebo. (Funded by Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00787202.).
Florida violated federal law by underfunding healthcare for needy children, judge rules
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Florida’s system of providing healthcare to needy children is so inadequate that it violates federal law, effectively leaving the most vulnerable children unable to get medical care, a federal judge has said in a ruling on a decade long case.

The state’s Medicaid budget, which provides health insurance to poor families, has been set artificially low for years, paying pediatricians and other specialists far less than they earned by treating the children of privately insured patients, found US Circuit Judge Adalberto Jordan. Many simply stopped seeing patients on Medicaid, whose reimbursement rates were also about 40% lower than those from Medicare, which caters to elderly people.

“In discharging its responsibility to set physician reimbursement rates, AHCA [the state Agency for Health Care Administration] does not consider whether the reimbursement rates are sufficient to ensure that children on Medicaid …
Fatty acids in the portal vein of the rat regulate hepatic insulin clearance.
Authors: J Svedberg, G Strömblad, A Wirth, U Smith, P Björntorp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The effects of FFA on hepatic insulin clearance were studied in the in situ perfused rat liver. Clearance decreased with increasing body weight (age) of the rats. When FFA were added to the perfusate a 40% reduction of hepatic removal of insulin was found over the normal, physiological range (less than 1,000 mumol/liter), less pronounced in heavier rats. When perfusion was started with high concentrations of FFA, inhibition was rapidly reversible, a phenomenon again blunted in heavier rats. In contrast to FFA, different glucose concentrations in the perfusate did not affect the hepatic insulin uptake in the presence of FFA within physiological concentrations. Thus, hepatic clearance of insulin is proportional to rat weight (age) and portal FFA concentrations. Other studies have recently shown that fatty acids inhibit insulin binding, degradation, and function in isolated rat hepatocytes, and that hepatic clearance is inversely dependent on hepatic triglyceride concentrations, both inhibitions reversible by prevention of fatty acid oxidation. It is suggested that the diminished hepatic clearance of insulin in heavier (older) rats is at least partly due to their relative obesity and increased hepatic triglyceride contents. This effect as well as that of portal FFA is probably mediated via fatty acid oxidation in the liver. This mechanism may have implications for the regulation of hepatic metabolism, and peripheral insulin concentrations.
GASTRIC ACIDITY IN SYPHILITIC CHILDREN
Authors: MAURICE DORNE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In view of Neugebauer's report 1 on the hypo-acidity found in syphilitic persons, it was thought that an examination of the gastric acidity in a group of syphilitic children might prove interesting. The German observer found in a group of 200 syphilitic recruits from 20 to 25 years of age that, before treatment was carried out, 62 per cent. manifested hypo-acidity, 18 per    cent. anacidity and 17 per cent. hyperacidity. In general, he found a persistent hypo-acidity to the point of achylia. Neugebauer offers the explanation that the lowered acidity is due to a change in the tonus of the vagus, a direct disease of the mucosa or a combination of these factors. He attributes the cases of hyperacidity to a temporary phase preliminary to the ultimate anacidity.  In our investigation, twenty-one children, from 4 to 13 years of age, with positive Wassermann reactions, who were under treatment with neo-arsphenamin
Abstract 2681: 4-methylumbelliferone: Dietary supplement turned chemo-preventive and anti-metastatic agent for prostate cancer
Authors: Travis Yates, David Alonzo, Soum Lokeshwar, Kelly Hoye, Luis E. Lopez, Marie Hupe, Vinata Lokeshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan, is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression and metastasis. 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is dietary supplement that inhibits HA-synthesis. In this study we evaluated chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of 4-MU to prevent PCa growth and metastasis in three PCa models. METHODS: Efficacy of daily oral gavage of 4-MU was evaluated in 3 PCa models: Model 1: TRAMP mice (n = 8-20/group) were treated with vehicle or 4-MU (450 mg/kg) by starting stage-specific treatment at 8 (PIN stage), 12 (adenocarcinoma) and 22 (invasive carcinoma) wks of age. Model 2: Mice were treated with 4-MU (200 mg/kg or 450 mg/kg) following intracardiac injection of Luciferase expressing PC3-ML cells. 3. Palpable DU145 xenografts were treated with 4-MU (200 and 450 mg/kg). Effect of 4-MU on EMT markers, HA receptors was evaluated by Q-PCR, immunoblotting and/or immunohistochemistry in PCa cells and xenograft tissues. HA add back and overexpression studies were conducted to evaluate the mechanism of action of 4-MU. RESULTS: In the TRAMP model, at 28 wks, 100% of vehicle treated mice developed PCa, but tumor growth and progression was inhibited in all 4-MU treated groups; P+SV weight (g): vehicle: 3.2±2.9; 8 wk: 0.43±0.14; 12 wk: 0.35±0.04; 22 wk: 1.0±0.35 g. The P+SV weight in TRAMP mice at 22 wks of age was 0.9±0.04, showing that late stage administration of 4-MU halted further tumor progression. Animals in 8, 12 and 22 wk groups remained tumor free until 52, 44 and 34 wks respectively, even after stopping treatment at 28 wks. While 55% of vehicle treated animals developed metastasis, none of the treated groups had metastasis. In the PC3-ML intracardiac model, 100% of the mice in the vehicle group but none in the treatment group developed skeletal metastasis. In the DU145 model, 4-MU inhibited tumor growth. No serum/organ toxicity or weight loss was observed in any treatment groups. In all models, 4-MU treatment downregulated HA, HA receptors (CD44, RHAMM) and EMT markers (β-catenin, Zeb2) by &amp;gt;2-fold) but up-regulated E-cadherin. HA addition and overexpression of myristoylated AKt inhibited 4-MU effects. CONCLUSION: 4-MU is a potent non-toxic, oral chemopreventive agent, which inhibits PCa growth and metastasis by abrogating HA-signaling and reversing EMT. Support: R01 CA 123063-04 (VBL); R01 CA 72821-11 (VBL) Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Travis Yates, David Alonzo, Soum Lokeshwar, Kelly Hoye, Luis E. Lopez, Marie Hupe, Vinata Lokeshwar. 4-methylumbelliferone: Dietary supplement turned chemo-preventive and anti-metastatic agent for prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2681. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2681
Abstract 1640: Notch pathway mediates post-treatment repopulation of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Chi-Ping Day, Dominic Esposito, Cynthia R. Mahesh, Glenn Merlino
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Conventional adjuvant therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, usually take intermittent schedule, allowing the recovery of the normal tissues. However, during the recovery period, tumors may resume growth to replenish the lost cells. This phenomenon, known as repopulation, is an important mechanism to mediate post-treatment recurrence. In this study, we examined murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) with a panel of subtype markers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and characterized it as a murine lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one of the major NSCLC subtypes. To recapitulate post-treatment repopulation, LLC cells were treated with the first-line NSCLC chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel, at IC50 dose for 24 hours, and allowed to recover in normal culture medium. Expression of genes involved in Notch pathway and markers of airway epithelial stem cell (basal cell) in LLC cells are upregulated during the recovery phase instead of treated period. Notch pathway inhibitor, DAPT, has no significant effect on growth of LLC cells as single agent or in combination with paclitaxel. However, sequential treatment of paclitaxel for 24 hours followed by DAPT for another 24 hours delays growth of LLC cells during recovery phase, suggesting that Notch pathway mediates the post-treatment repopulation. Moreover, using different labeling markers to track cell growth, we found paclitaxel-treated LLC cells in recovery phase can stimulate the growth of healthy LLC cells in co-culture, while conditioned medium from the culture of treated cells had no significant effect. These results implied that direct contact between damaged and healthy cells is required for repopulation, thus cell-surface Notch ligand such as Jagged-1 may be involved in this mechanism. Here we suggested that treatment of Notch pathway inhibitor following chemotherapy may prevent post-treatment recurrence of lung SCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1640. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1640
The role of hydralazine therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension of unknown cause.
Authors: E Lupi-Herrera, J Sandoval, M Seoane, D Bialostozky
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Hydralazine was administered acutely to 12 patients who had pulmonary arterial hypertension of unknown cause. All of the patients were studied at rest and nine during exercise. On the basis of hydralazine response at rest, the patients were divided in two groups. In six patients (group A), pulmonary arteriolar resistance (Rp) decreased from 8.4 +/- 1.4 to 4.8 +/- 1.4 U/m2 (p less than 0.001), cardiac index (CI) increased from 3.47 +/- 0.3 to 5.86 +/- 0.5 1/min/m2 (p less than 0.005) and systemic resistance (Rs) decreased from 25 +/- 4 to 14 +/- 2 U/m2 (p less than 0.01). The Rp/Rs ratio did not change significantly after hydralazine (0.32 +/- 0.03 vs 0.33 +/- 0.07, NS). In the other six patients (group B), Rs decreased from 25 +/- 2 to 17.0 +/- 1 U/m2 (p less than 0.01), but the other variables did not change significantly. Our results suggest that the pulmonary vasodilatory effect of hydralazine caused a marked reduction in right ventricular afterload in group A. In group B, a marked systemic vasodilatory effect occurred and right ventricular afterload was not reduced. On the basis of the previous hemodynamic response, only group A patients were treated with oral hydralazine (50 mg every 6 hours). Hemodynamic measurements were repeated 48 hours after hydralazine, both at rest and during exercise, as well as 8 months later in five of the six patients in whom the beneficial hemodynamic effects persisted. These data suggest that hydralazine can reduce Rp in selected patients (pulmonary arterial pressure less than 60 mm Hg, Rp less than 15 U/m2 and Rp/Rs ratio less than 0.7) with pulmonary hypertension of unknown cause.
Gold-Leaf Treatment of Skin Ulcers
Authors: Eldon R. Dykes
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article on the gold-leaf treatment of skin ulcers (<b>196</b>:693, 1966) disturbs me a great deal. I fear that physicians reading this article will draw the conclusions that (1) this represents conservative therapy and (2) the results are good. In point of fact, if conservatism is defined as that treatment most likely to produce the best result in the shortest time with the least morbidity, then the treatment outlined in this article is radical, and the results are poor. For example, in two illustrations showing "healed" lesions, the covering was scar epithelium which will undoubtedly break down again at the slightest provocation. In another illustration of a stasis ulcer of the ankle, the wound was far from healed after one month of therapy. As a plastic surgeon, I would be disappointed if surgical excision and skin grafting did not produce 100% coverage of the entire area