tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Deeper Reflection
Authors: Greg A. Sachs
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Junior doctors' interview process is revised in compromise deal
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The Department of Health has announced a compromise over the interview process for junior doctors in the latest twist in the continuing saga over their job applications. The BMA has welcomed the move, although Remedy UK, which has been leading the protests over the system, still intends to pursue its legal action, because it believes that the proposed interview process is unfair.

Junior doctors applying for jobs in England have been told that all their interviews will count, rather than having to decide after their interviews which post they want to pursue, at the expense of the others.

Those who have …
Performance of skin biopsies by general practitioners.
Authors: L J McWilliam, F Knox, N Wilkinson, P Oogarah
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate and appraise skin biopsies performed by general practitioners and compare their performance with that of hospital doctors. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of histology records. SETTING--University hospital. SUBJECTS--Records of 292 skin biopsy specimens obtained by general practitioners and 324 specimens obtained by general and plastic surgeons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Clinical and pathological diagnoses and completeness of excision. RESULTS--The number of specimens received from hospital surgeons and general practitioners increased over the study period; the proportion of specimens from general practitioners rose from 17/1268 (1.3%) in 1984 to 201/2387 (8.7%) in 1990. The range of diagnoses was similar among hospital and general practitioner cases, although malignancy was commoner in hospital cases (63/324 (19%) v 14/292 (5%) in general practitioner cases; chi 2 = 28, p less than 0.00001). Completeness of excision was less common among general practitioners than hospital surgeons (150/233 (3/15 malignant) v 195/232 (57/63); chi 2 = 22, p less than 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS--The increase in minor surgery has implications for the staffing and finance of histopathology departments. General practitioners must be given proper training in performing skin biopsies, and all specimens should be sent for examination.
Positron Emission Tomography of the Airway Distribution of Intranasal Challenge Solutions
Authors: L. Conejero, M.L. Soto, J.J. Vaquero, M.L. Baeza, E. Lage, I. Varela-Nieto, M. Desco, J.M. Zubeldia
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Interplay of LRRK2 with chaperone-mediated autophagy
Authors: Samantha J Orenstein, Sheng-Han Kuo, Inmaculada Tasset, Esperanza Arias, Hiroshi Koga, Irene Fernandez-Carasa, Etty Cortes, Lawrence S Honig, William Dauer, Antonella Consiglio, Angel Raya, David Sulzer, Ana Maria Cuervo
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Synergistic Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to Combination Immunotherapy with Anti-Tumor Antigen Antibodies and Extended Serum Half-Life IL-2
Authors: Eric F. Zhu, Shuning A. Gai, Cary F. Opel, Byron H. Kwan, Rishi Surana, Martin C. Mihm, Monique J. Kauke, Kelly D. Moynihan, Alessandro Angelini, Robert T. Williams, Matthias T. Stephan, Jacob S. Kim, Michael B. Yaffe, Darrell J. Irvine, Louis M. Weiner, Glenn Dranoff, K. Dane Wittrup
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Abstract A26: Multi-Reg: An integrative parallel approach to uncover drivers of cancer
Authors: Uri David Akavia, Carla Danussi, Felix Sanchez-Garcia, Dylan Kotliar, Antonio Iavarone, Dana Pe'er
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Tumor samples harbor a vast number of genomic alterations of various kinds, and it is not easy to distinguish driver alterations that contribute to oncogenesis from passenger alterations. Most computational methods attempt to identify driver alternations by focusing on the most frequent alterations. Previous work in our lab has led to the development of CONEXIC, a Bayesian framework for integrating copy number and gene expression to identify candidate driver genes in cancer and to link them to gene expression signatures they regulate (Akavia et al, Cell, 2010). This framework was applied to data from melanoma cell lines, where it correctly identified known drivers (MITF) and connected them to their known targets. In addition, it predicted novel tumor dependencies not previously implicated in melanoma, which were confirmed experimentally. In general, current algorithms identify only one driver (the strongest) controlling a gene expression signature. However, drivers may act in parallel, where not only the strongest one is important. For example, either PTEN deletion or AKT activation can lead to a similar expression signature and phenotype. Therefore, we developed a new algorithm, based on the same principles as CONEXIC with multiple improvements. The new algorithm (called Multi-Reg) is capable of detecting multiple candidate regulators that can all act in parallel to regulate an expression signature. This algorithm can integrate mutations in addition to copy number and expression. Finally, we have designed Multi-Reg to be easier and quicker to run and more robust. We applied Multi-Reg to glioblastoma data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). This data includes copy number, gene expression and mutations for hundreds of primary tumor samples. We found 84 candidate regulators that were missed by CONEXIC, but discovered by Multi-Reg. Because of Multi-Reg's ability to search for genes working in parallel, it identified FGFR3, PDGFRA and NF1, in addition to EGFR &amp; MET (identified by CONEXIC), as important candidate drivers. Additionally, Multi-Reg results identified RHPN2 as a novel oncogenic factor controlling a gene expression signature related to invasion and migration. Validation has shown that RHPN2 has limited effect on cell proliferation but induces invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines. Our results correctly identify known drivers of glioblastoma progression, including oncogenes such as EGFR, MET, CEBPB and tumor suppressors such as p16 and NF1. Multi-Reg also has the capability to identify more regulators than CONEXIC, and has correctly linked RHPN2 to the oncogenic phenomena it controls. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
Clinical Radiation Pathology
Authors: Mortimer L. Mendelsohn
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This two-volume set is considerably more than its title indicates. Rubin, a radiotherapist, and Casarett, a radiopathologist, have combined forces to write a comprehensive textbook on clinical radiotherapy, clinical radiation pathology, and the biological basis of radiotherapy. A chapter for each of 20 organ systems contains full descriptions of current radiotherapeutic practices, a review of normal histology, the sequence of acute and chronic pathologic changes following therapeutic irradiation, the radiobiology involved, and a discussion of the factors relevant to optimal treatment. The material is extensively referenced, and each of these chapters contains an excellent table summarizing the key publications in historical order. In addition, there are chapters on cellular and tissue radiobiology, carcinogenesis, the oxygen effect, modification of radiation response, and time-dose relationships. A great emphasis is placed on the authors' generalized model of the histopathological response to radiotherapy. In this model, acute damage is determined by the state of
Tick-borne encephalitis in Bulgaria, 2009 to 2012
Authors: E Mohareb, I Christova, A Soliman, R Younan, T Kantardjiev
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

For the last 60 years, only a few cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) have been detected in Bulgaria. Considering the remarkable increase in TBE morbidity in Europe over the past two decades, we conducted a study of TBE among patients with acute viral meningitis who were hospitalised in Bulgaria during 2009 to 2012. A total of 86 patients with viral meningitis of unknown aetiology during this period were tested. Acute TBE was confirmed in three of these patients. The last TBE case was detected in October 2012; the other two were diagnosed in 2009. To the best of our knowledge, these three patients are the first confirmed TBE cases reported in Bulgaria. The risk of TBE is underestimated in Bulgaria due to the low awareness of medical doctors.
Editor's reply to Smith
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Smith makes a good point.1 Like the tobacco industry the drug industry has repeatedly been found to have manipulated and suppressed research data to make its products seem better than they are. Non-industry funded research also suffers from such misconduct, but the scale and influence of pharma funded research make its current state of particular concern.

I am firmly of the view that clinical practice …
Calcium phosphate ceramic coatings as carriers of vancomycin
Authors: Shula Radin, John T. Campbell, Paul Ducheyne, John M. Cuckler
Journal: Biomaterials (1997)

Infection in the setting of total joint arthroplasty remains a challenging problem. Attention has turned to developing methods of local delivery of antibiotics for prophylaxis. Vancomycin loaded into calcium phosphate ceramic coatings on titanium alloy substrates is a clinically relevant concept in the setting of total joint arthroplasty. Drug loading was accomplished by immersion of ceramic-coated discs in vancomycin-containing simulated physiological solution; in some experiments drug loading by immersion was followed by lipid coating in egg phosphatidylcholine solutions. The kinetics of vancomycin release and the efficacy of drug inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus were determined in vitro in comparison to the release from currently used antibiotic-laden poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The loading by immersion provided effective release and inhibition at early time points (up to 24 h); however, the lipid-coated samples demonstrated significant release and effective bacterial inhibition up to 72 h. The two-step procedure, i.e. drug loading followed by lipid coating in order to slow antibiotic elution, is more effective than the conventional one-step loading. The study indicated that the osteoconductive calcium phosphate coatings have the potential to serve as drug carriers to prevent infection in the setting of total joint arthroplasty.
The Genetic Hyperlipidemias
Authors: Arno G. Motulsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Interest in the hyperlipidemias comes from their association with coronary heart disease. The high frequency of atherosclerosis in modern Western societies has led to intensive studies in a search for predisposing risk factors. Current data leave little doubt that hypercholesterolemia and probably hypertriglyceridemia are associated with an increased risk for premature coronary atherosclerosis. The mean age of unselected male survivors of myocardial infarction who had monogenic hyperlipidemia (see Table 1 and below) was 52 years as compared with 63 years among patients with myocardial infarction without hyperlipidemia. Similarly, 40 to 80 per cent of patients with coronary heart disease at the age . . .
Paradoxical effects of interleukin-18 on the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Chang-Ki Min, Yoshinobu Maeda, Kathleen Lowler, Chen Liu, Shawn Clouthier, David Lofthus, Elizabeth Weisiger, James L. M. Ferrara, Pavan Reddy
Journal: Blood (2004)
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF ACNE
Authors: J. A. SAVIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article THE BACTERIOLOGY OF ACNE Get access J. A. SAVIN J. A. SAVIN Skin Department, St Thomas Hospital, London, S.E.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue s8, 1 June 1972, Pages 3–9, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb15407.x Published: 01 June 1972
Gummatous Syphilis of the Adrenal Gland
Authors: Merel M. Scheurkogel, Joris Tim, Franciscus J.F. Jeurissen, Henriette M.E. Quarles van Ufford
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 55-year-old man with no relevant history was analyzed for weight loss, night sweats, and left upper quadrant pain. An abdominal ultrasound and CT scan were performed, revealing a lobulated rim-enhancing mass in the left adrenal gland. Further analysis by an F-FDG PET/CT scan demonstrated high uptake in the periphery of the adrenal lesion with central photopenia. Because a primary malignancy was suspected, an adrenalectomy was performed. Histopathology, however, revealed a necrotizing granulomatous infection. Serum was tested positive for syphilis and Treponema pallidum infection. Results of additional HIV tests were negative. The adrenal tumor proved to be an expression of gummatous syphilis.
Abstract P1-01-17: Sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer: Intraoperative injection of radiocolloid
Authors: HN Vu, PW O'Connor, RR Shoemaker, W Wan, MJ Fratkin, HD Bear
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract INTRODUCTION. Preoperative injection of radiocolloid for axillary sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer is visibly uncomfortable for many patients. We sought to determine whether injection of the radiocolloid once the patient has been anesthetized would be reliable for sentinel lymph node identification when compared to preoperative injection. METHODS. A cohort of patients with breast cancer who underwent intraoperative injection of radiocolloid was compared to those who received their injection preoperatively. All injections employed 1mCi 0.5 ml of filtered (0.22 micron) Tc-99m sulfur colloid. All operative surgeons directed injections into the retroareolar tissue; some also intradermally directly over the tumor. RESULTS. 904 sentinel node biopsy procedures were performed in the six years study period. 759 sentinel node biopsies were analyzed, 664 with preoperative injection of radiocolloid for localization and ninety-five with intraoperative injection. The average age of the patients was 56.8 years: 57.3 years in the preoperative injection group and 53.8 years in the intraoperative injection group. 753 of the 759 patients were women. Sentinel Node Identification. The overall sentinel lymph node identification rate was similar for the two groups: 94.1% for the preoperative injection group and 93.5% for the intraoperative injection group (P = NS). The identification rate remained equivalent for both groups when analyzed by T stage of the tumor. Similarly, the average number of lymph nodes removed did not differ between preoperative vs. intraoperative injection: 2.66 nodes and 2.55 nodes, respectively. Sentinel Node Positivity. The overall rate of positive sentinel nodes was also similar for the two groups, 24.7% for the preoperative injection group and 26.4% for the intraoperative injection group (P = NS). When analyzed by T stage, the positivity rate remained similar and not statistically significant. T1 tumors were 21.6% positive in the preoperative group versus 23.9% in the intraoperative group, and T2 tumors were 40.1% vs. 37.0%, respectively. DISCUSSIONS. Our sentinel lymph node identification rate of 93.5% for the intraoperative injection group appears similar to that of the published literature (96-100%). Our study also showed no statistical difference in positive sentinel node biopsy between preoperative injection (24.7%) and intraoperative injection (26.2%) and is comparable to that of others When analyzed by T stage, our study had 23.9% positive sentinel node biopsies for T1, and 37% for T2 with intraoperative injection. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-01-17.
What About Author Order and Acknowledgments? Suggestions for Additional Criteria for Conceptual Research in Bioethics
Authors: Elise Smith, Renaud Boulanger
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments The authors thank Bryn Williams-Jones for his invaluable comments on the draft of the article. Elise Smith was supported by a Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarship (Masters Programme) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and a J. A. DeSève Scholarship from the Université de Montréal.
Abstract 3403: Responsiveness to IGF-1R targeted therapy in osteosarcoma may be regulated by the 3179 G&amp;gt;A mutation
Authors: Rebecca Sowers, So-Hak Chung, Wendong Zhang, E. Anders Kolb, Richard Gorlick
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous pediatric malignancies, including osteosarcoma (OS), Ewing's sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Historically, IGF-1R targeted therapies have been hindered by IGF-1R's structural similarity to the insulin receptor as well as toxicities associated with non-specific inhibition. A preliminary study of the effects of an IGF-1R monoclonal antibody in mouse osteosarcoma xenografts indicated that while some xenografts exhibited a complete response to the IGF-1R antibody, other xenograft samples exhibited no response. A possible explanation for the difference in response across the sample population is the presence of a genetic alteration in the IGF-1R gene. Methods: Exons 1-20 of the IGF-1R gene were sequenced in four mouse OS xenograft samples (one “high response” sample, two “intermediate response” samples, and one “low response” sample) and in 87 OS primary tissue samples. Results: The high response xenograft sample had a sequence alteration in exon 16 (3179 G&amp;gt;A) that was not present in any of the low response or intermediate response xenograft samples. Of 87 OS primary tissue samples, 34 samples were homozygous wild type (GG), 33 samples were heterozygous (GA), and 20 samples were heterozygous mutant (AA). Additional sequence alterations were present in the OS primary tissue samples, but the 3179 G&amp;gt;A mutation was the only alteration that differed between the responsive OS xenograft sample and the non-responsive OS xenograft sample. Conclusions: The 3179 G&amp;gt;A genetic alteration has been previously reported and does not represent a coding substitution; however, it may still play a role in OS tumor response, possibly through message stability or in conjunction with a series of related mutations. Due to genetic variability across cultured cell lines, in vitro functional assays will be performed on GG-expressing cell lines after the introduction of the AA mutation. Similarly, the GG mutation will be introduced to AA expressing cell lines to compare functional relevance of the 3179 G&amp;gt;A alteration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3403.
Higher-affinity oligosaccharide ligands for E-selectin.
Authors: R M Nelson, S Dolich, A Aruffo, O Cecconi, M P Bevilacqua
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

A series of synthetic oligosaccharides based on sialyl Lewis x (sLex; Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4[Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc) and sialyl Lewis a (sLea; Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3[Fuc alpha 1-4]GlcNAc) was used to study the binding interactions of selectins. E-selectin-immunoglobulin fusion protein (E-selectin-Ig) bound to immobilized bovine serum albumin (BSA)-neoglycoproteins containing sLex or sLea in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Solution-phase sLex tetrasaccharide blocked this interaction by 50% at a concentration of 750 +/- 20 microM (IC50). sLea was more effective (IC50 = 220 +/- 20 microM), while nonsialylated, nonfucosylated derivatives showed little or no activity at concentrations up to 1 mM. Attachment of an 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl aglycone in a beta linkage to the anomeric carbon of the GlcNAc of sLex or sLea increased their blocking activity nearly twofold. Finally, replacement of the 2-N-acetyl substituent of the GlcNAc by an azido or amino group resulted in substantial increases in activity, with the most potent inhibitor being amino substituted sLea, which was 36-fold more active (IC50 = 21 +/- 3 microM) than the reducing tetrasaccharide sLex. In contrast to results obtained with E-selectin-Ig, P-selectin-Ig binding to immobilized BSA-sLea was blocked modestly by most oligosaccharides at 1 mM, with no substantial differences among them. IC50 values of soluble oligosaccharides determined in competitive binding studies accurately predicted blocking of leukocyte adhesion to recombinant E-selectin-Ig and to cytokine-activated endothelium.
Trends in number of hysterectomies performed in England for menorrhagia: examination of health episode statistics, 1989 to 2002-3
Authors: Peter C Reid, Faizah Mukri
Journal: BMJ (2005)

is only a small chance of benefit but the stakes are high.Some women will be happy to choose the gamble even though they may experience anxiety, inconvenience, and physical adverse effects; other women will not.Clinicians may be able to use this information to support discussions with women about these possibilities and to support their patients in making a choice that is consistent with their own circumstances and values and preferences.As well as providing information for women aged 50-69 years, it may be useful for clinicians' discussions with patients in "out of target" age groups by making explicit the possible risks and benefits of a decision to be screened.We have incorporated these estimates into decision aids that are currently being tested in Australia.These methods can be applied to different populations and other screening contexts.The effect of such information on decision quality and screening participation is currently unknown but can be tested.We thank Erin Mathieu for assistance with proofreading this paper.