tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Duodenal ulcer and working-class mobility in an African population in South Africa.
Authors: I Segal, A A Dubb, L O Tim, A Solomon, M C Sottomayor, E M Zwane
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The number of Africans in Johannesburg presenting with duodenal ulcers has steadily increased over the past 50 years. The characteristics of 105 patients with duodenal ulcer who presented a Baragwanath Hospital were compared with those of matched and unmatched samples of patients without gastrointestinal conditions in the same hospital. Men with duodenal ulcers were found to be significantly better educated than their controls, most had been born in the town, and more of them were employed at higher, though not the highest, educational levels. These data were used to test Susser9s proposition that duodenal ulcers are associated with "early urbanisation." Johannesburg blacks with duodenal ulcer did seem to fit the pattern, but the relation between stress and duodenal ulcer remains unclear.
Bronchiolar carcinoma: a case report with pulmonary function studies
Authors: N. H. Dyer, D. T. D. Hughes, J. M. A. Thompson
Journal: Thorax (1967)

A patient with bilateral multinodular bronchiolar carcinoma is described in whom carbon monoxide transfer factor and arterial oxygen saturation were greatly impaired but lung volumes and ventilation were only minimally reduced. We record this because we have not found previous reports of detailed pulmonary function studies in this condition.
An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine: Guide for Practitioners in the Emergency Department
Authors: Richard O. Cummins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 February 2006An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine: Guide for Practitioners in the Emergency DepartmentRichard O. Cummins, MD, MPH, MScRichard O. Cummins, MD, MPH, MScFrom the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-3-200602070-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Mahadevan SV, Garmel GM, eds. 818 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 2005. $75.00. ISBN 0521542596. Order atwww.cambridge.org/us.Field of medicine: Emergency medicine.Format: Paperback book.Audience: Emergency medicine clinicians and students and clinicians in other medical fields.Purpose: To provide medical practitioners with a better understanding of emergency medicine principles and practice in a variety of emergency settings.Content: The 2 editors organized this book into 4 sections: Principles of Emergency Medicine, Primary Complaints, Unique Issues in Emergency Medicine, and Appendices. The first section covers the approach of emergency medicine to airway management, cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, cardiac dysrhythmias, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 February 2006Volume 144, Issue 3Page: 228KeywordsEmergency departmentEmergency medical servicesEmergency medicinePain managementProblem solvingResuscitationShockSigns and symptomsSoftware toolsVomiting ePublished: 7 February 2006 Issue Published: 7 February 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract LB-370: Genetically engineered oncolytic Edmonston strain of measles strain harboring the wild-type N, P, L genes (MV-NPL) effectively target lung cancer stem cells
Authors: Hiroyuki Inoue, Yasuki Hijikata, Keisuke Yasunari, Akira Sakamoto, Shohei Miyamoto, Kaname Nosaki, Yumiko Matsumura, Koichi Takayama, Yoichi Nakanishi, Kenzaburo Tani
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that only a small percentage of cancer cells in solid tumors have tumorigenic potential. These highly tumorigenic cells share with normal stem cells the ability to proliferate and give rise to diversified tumor cell types including those with the capacity for self-renewal. These cells are termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) and are believed to contribute to CSCs resistance to conventional therapies. Therefore, specific targeting of CSCs is an attractive and novel therapeutic approach. Measles virus Edmonston strain (MV-Edm) is thought to possess remarkable oncolytic activity that selectively destroys human tumor cells. Recently, we succeeded and reported the development of novel oncolytic measles virus (MV) by genetic engineering of MV-Edmonston strain (MV-Edm), that have demonstrated its remarkable oncolytic activity against wide ranges of human tumor cells, with the N, P, and L genes of wild-type MV (MV-NPL). The oncolytic activities of the MV-NPL on human renal cell carcinoma were superior to those of MV-Edm both in vitro and in vivo studies even in the presence of IFN[[Unsupported Character - &amp;#8208;]]α[[Unsupported Character - &amp;#61472;]](Xing, M. et. al. Mol Ther 2010). Here, we demonstrated that lung CSCs, side population fraction of human lung cancer cells of A549 (A549-SP), expressed high level of CD46 required for MV-NPL infection and MV-NPL had a superior oncolytic capacity against both A549-SP and A549-NSP (non SP) cells in a time and dose-dependent manner without damaging normal lung cells. Our results of pan-caspase inhibiton assays showed the partial contribution of caspases-dependent apoptosis in the oncolysis of A549-SP cells by MV-NPL, even though the expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein of both XIAP and Mcl-1 were higher in A549-SP cells than A549-NSP cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that an addition of either PI3K inhibitor or MEK inhibitor further enhanced the oncolytic effects of MV-NPL. Furthermore, our in vivo studies using nude mice bearing A549 xenografts revealed that serial intratumoral MV-NPL administrations exhibited significant antitumor effects without severe side effects. Collectively, these data suggested that genetically engineered MV-NPL could be a promising oncolytic agent to effectively eradicate lung CSCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-370. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-370
Lung Cancer: A Feminist Issue
Authors: A. I. Holleb
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1985)

Women in the United States are achieving greater recognition in the professions science, politics, business, law, medicine, the arts.Equal pay for equal work is gain ing acceptance.Job discrimination has been reduced.There is greater opportunity in higher education.Women have made prog ress in exercising their right to control their own bodies, as evidenced by recent changes in the surgical management of breast can cer.Attitudes toward birth control have
The Relationship of Skin Test Positivity, High Serum Total IgE Levels, and Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia to Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: DÉSIRÉE F. JANSEN, BERT RIJCKEN, JAN P. SCHOUTEN, JAN KRAAN, SCOTT T. WEISS, WIM TIMENS, DIRKJE S. POSTMA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The relationships of skin test positivity, high serum total IgE levels ( > 100 kU/L), and peripheral blood eosinophilia ( ⩾ 275 cells/ μ l) to symptomatic (either chronic cough, chronic phlegm, bronchitis episodes, dyspnea, wheeze, or asthma) and asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) were studied cross-sectionally in 620 adult subjects who participated in the Vlagtwedde–Vlaardingen Study of 1989 and 1990. Eosinophilia (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.28 to 3.31) and skin test positivity (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.71) were both significantly associated with BHR independent of age, sex, smoking, and urban area of residence. High serum total IgE levels were not associated with BHR (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.81 to 2.03). Separate analyses for symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects showed that the higher risk of BHR with skin test positivity applied only to symptomatic subjects (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 1.63 to 20.51), independent of eosinophilia and high serum total IgE levels. The higher risk of BHR with eosinophilia was not different between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, and independent of skin test positivity and high serum total IgE levels. The results of this study show that, in the general adult population, eosinophilia is associated with BHR both in symptomatic and asymptomatic persons, whereas skin test positivity is associated with BHR only in symptomatic subjects.
AUTOPLASTIC SUTURES IN HERNIA AND OTHER DIASTASES.FINAL REPORT.
Authors: LEWIS L. McARTHUR
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Three years ago it was my privilege to present to this Section a preliminary report of a new procedure in suturing hernia. Since that time I have been continuously using the method then described, until the cases operated on have become sufficient in number and the time elapsed long enough to form conclusions as to its value. The results of these three years' work I now ask the opportunity of presenting. Before doing this, however, let me epitomize the main features of the former communication and describe in brief the only differences necessary in the technic of "hernia work when done with living sutures. I demonstrated at that time (1) that it was an easy matter to split the tendinous aponeurosis of the external oblique from the external ring to the commencement of its muscle belly, by simply lengthening the usual splitting of this structure. (2) From
Targeted expression of a dominant-negative EGF-R in the kidney reduces tubulo-interstitial lesions after renal injury
Authors: Fabiola Terzi, Martine Burtin, Mehrak Hekmati, Pierre Federici, Giselle Grimber, Pascale Briand, Gérard Friedlander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The role of EGF in the evolution of renal lesions after injury is still controversial. To determine whether the EGF expression is beneficial or detrimental, we generated transgenic mice expressing a COOH-terminal–truncated EGF-R under the control of the kidney-specific type 1 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase promoter. As expected, the transgene was expressed exclusively at the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells. Under basal conditions, transgenic mice showed normal renal morphology and function. Infusion of EGF to transgenic animals revealed that the mutant receptor behaved in a dominant-negative manner and prevented EGF-signaled EGF-R autophosphorylation. We next evaluated the impact of transgene expression on the development of renal lesions in two models of renal injury. After 75% reduction of renal mass, tubular dilations were less severe in transgenic mice than in wild-type animals. After prolonged renal ischemia, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were reduced in transgenic mice as compared with wild-type mice. The beneficial effect of the transgene included a reduction of tubular cell proliferation, interstitial collagen accumulation, and mononuclear cell infiltration. In conclusion, functional inactivation of the EGF-R in renal proximal tubular cells reduced tubulo-interstitial lesions after renal injury. These data suggest that blocking the EGF pathway may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce the progression of chronic renal failure.
Feasibility of direct discharge from the coronary/intermediate care unit after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Manohara P.J Senaratne, Marleen E Irwin, Selma Shaben, Jo Griffiths, Jayan Nagendran, Leslie Kasza, Sajad Gulamhusein, Maureen Haughian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Mebendazole and hydatid disease.
Authors: D R Osborne
Journal: BMJ (1980)

it is a pity that the design was not better.The treatment group received specific and non- specific therapy (exercise therapy and regular supervision from a nurse, with occasional medical review), while the controlled group received neither on leaving hospital.As the non-specific factors were uncontrolled, the conclusion that simple exercise rehabilitation is of benefit is invalid.
Systolic Time Intervals and Left Ventricular Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: PAUL HAMOSH, JAY N. COHN, KARL ENGELMAN, MARTIN I. BRODER, EDWARD D. FREIS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Systolic time intervals (STI) were measured simultaneously with left ventricular pressure, right atrial pressure, and cardiac output in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. Electromechanical systole (QS2) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) were measured and preejection period (PEP) calculated and corrected for heart rate. LVET showed significant correlation with stroke volume (r = 0.62), confirming previous observations. Patients with significantly elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) usually exhibited a prolonged PEP when compared with normal subjects or patients with AMI who did not have signs of CHF. The normal PEP in the latter group might be due to adrenergic stimulation offsetting the effect of myocardial damage, although measurements of circulating catecholamines did not conclusively support this hypothesis. We conclude that STI are not reliable indices of left ventricular performance in AMI.
SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION WITH PHOBIC SCHIZOPHRENICS
Authors: R. C. COWDEN, L. I. FORD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Systematic desensitization is an effective therapeutic technique for some schizophrenic subjects. This neither refutes nor supports Wolpe's statement that psychosis is due to biochemical or physiological changes. It simply reaffirms that all learned behavior can be unlearned, even with schizophrenics.
Quality Assessment and Assurance: Early Signs of Cognitive Dissonance
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, David M. Kessner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

SOCIAL psychologists often confuse complex issues by introducing another layer of jargon into a discussion that is already difficult to understand. However, the term "cognitive dissonance" provides an intriguing explanation for some of the irrational qualities of group behavior. Leon Festinger has applied this term to groups who believe strongly in a set of ideas and reaffirm them most fervently at the moment when they are disproved.1 In a classic account of this phenomenon, Festinger described the Millerites, who believed that the Second Advent of Christ, ushering in the millenium, would occur in 1843. William Miller, a New England farmer, . . .
Safety of bronchial allergen provocation in a children's out‐patient clinic
Authors: J. P. Nielsen, T. Mathiasen
Journal: Allergy (1991)

A total of 137 bronchial provocation tests (BPT) with allergen extracts were performed in an outpatient clinic, 110 were positive, 29 with late reaction and 81 without. The patients were observed for 6-8 h and discharged if they did not develop a late reaction. None of the discharged patients was admitted to hospital later, and the number of patients hospitalized was reduced by 80%.
Military hospitals hit by British defence cuts
Authors: J Warden
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Two military hospitals will close with the loss of 1000 staff, 75% of them military, under the latest round of British defence cuts. The present Royal Naval Hospital at Haslar, in Gosport, will become the single hospital for all three armed services for the United Kingdom by 1996-7. Military hospital units will be established in three NHS hospitals in regions with a significant military …
Alendronate Prevents Postmenopausal Bone Loss in Women without Osteoporosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Michael McClung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Preventing bone loss associated with menopause and aging and maintaining the normal microarchitecture of bone provide important opportunities for the prevention of osteoporosis and fractures. Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of alendronate, an aminobisphosphonate, for preventing postmenopausal bone loss. Design: 3-year double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: 15 osteoporosis centers throughout the world. Participants: 447 women who had recently experienced menopause (6 to 36 months before study entry). Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to one of five regimens: oral placebo; oral alendronate, 1, 5, or 10 mg/d; or oral alendronate, 20 mg/d for 2 years followed by placebo during the third year (20/0 mg/d). Measurements: Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Bone turnover and bone quality were assessed with biochemical markers and bone histomorphometry. Results: Alendronate at 5, 10, and 20/0 mg/d increased bone mineral density from baseline at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter by 1% to 4% and in the total body by 0.3% to 1.0%; placebo led to losses of 2% to 4% at these sites. Alendronate, 1 mg/d, attenuated losses relative to those seen with placebo. Alendronate decreased markers of bone resorption to a new steady state by 3 months and decreased markers of bone formation by 6 to 12 months. Bone quality remained normal. At all dosages studied, alendronate had a safety and tolerability profile similar to that of placebo. Conclusions: In early postmenopausal women, alendronate given for 3 years at dosages of 5 mg/d or greater prevented the loss of bone mineral density at the spine and hip and in the total body. Alendronate seems to be a safe and effective nonhormonal option for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss.
Intramuscular versus Intravenous Benzodiazepines for Prehospital Treatment of Status Epilepticus
Authors: Lawrence J. Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Acute seizures account for 1% of adult and 2% of pediatric emergency department visits, at an annual cost of $1 billion (in U.S. dollars).1 When seizures are prolonged or repetitive without recovery between episodes, the condition is termed status epilepticus, and it occurs in approximately 6% of visits to the emergency department for seizures. The cost for inpatient care of patients in status epilepticus has been estimated to be $4 billion (in U.S. dollars) annually.2 Although the term “prolonged” was previously used to refer to seizures lasting 30 minutes or longer, this interval has been shortened to 5 to 10 . . .
Multiple myeloma terminating in lymphocytic leukemia with B-lymphocyte membrane markers
Authors: Aaron Polliack, Elizabeth Naparstek, Amiram Eldor, Amos Ben Zvi, Hannah Ben Bassat, Avinoam Zlotnick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract The development of lymphocytic leukemia with a rapidly fatal clinical course is reported in a patient with kappa light‐chain multiple myeloma treated with alkeran. The leukemic cells lacked the ultrastructural features of plasma cells but bore readily detectable B‐cell markers and resembled lymphocytes under the light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopes. The leukemic phase is perhaps best defined as lymphocytic and probably represents a variant of plasma cell leukemia, in which the cells showed a degree of dedifferentiation from plasma cells to B lymphocytes. The possible relation between these 2 proliferative processes is discussed and the nature of leukemias developing in cases of plasma cell myeloma is briefly reviewed.
Long-Term Outcome of Treatment with Ruxolitinib in Myelofibrosis
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi, Mark R. Litzow, Animesh Pardanani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The initial encouraging activity of ruxolitinib in myelofibrosis appears to need some caveats when long-term efficacy is examined. The control of splenomegaly may not be durable, and the likelihood of leukemic progression or death is not dramatically lowered.
SOME RESULTS IN CASES OF TOBACCO AMBLYOPIA.
Authors: LOUIS J. LAUTENBACH
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The results here presented to you are the conclusions drawn from the various cases of tobacco amblyopia treated by me during the past seventeen years. The cases selected are intended not only to call attention to the favorable results following treatment, but to serve especially as illustrations of the faith that is in me. The subject has been so exhaustively handled that it is needless to theorize more; practical experience is after all our final teacher. I employ the term tobacco amblyopia to express a bilateral, retrobulbar neuritis of the optic nerve with central color scotoma, followed later by an atrophy of the nerve occurring in one addicted to the use of tobacco, and so far as known not using any other toxic agent to excess. The condition may be due to a primary hyperemia of the nerve in this location—the interstitial inflammation, with later the formation of connective tissue
Effective gene–virotherapy for complete eradication of tumor mediated by the combination of hTRAIL (TNFSF10) and plasminogen k5
Authors: Xin-Yuan Liu, Song-Bo Qiu, Wei-Gou Zou, Zi-Fei Pei, Jin-Fa Gu, Chun-Xia Luo, Hong-Mei Ruan, Yu Chen, Yi-Peng Qi, Cheng Qian
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Virotherapy with oncolytic viruses is a highly promising approach for cancer therapy. To improve further the therapeutic effect of oncolytic viruses, therapeutic genes have been incorporated into these types of vectors. In this study, we have inserted hTRAIL (approved gene symbol TNFSF10) into the ZD55 vector, which was based on deletion of the adenoviral E1B 55-kDa gene and could replicate in and lyse p53-deficient tumors. Our data shows that infection of colorectal carcinoma cells with ZD55-hTRAIL resulted in tumor cell death that was much greater than that induced by ZD55 vector or replication-defective adenovirus expressing hTRAIL. In contrast to these, ZD55-hTRAIL did not induce any cytopathic effect in normal cells. Treatment of established tumor with ZD55-hTRAIL resulted in dramatic inhibition of tumor growth in an animal model of colorectal carcinoma. However, when the established tumors were treated by coadministration of ZD55-hTRAIL and Ad-k5, we observed complete eradication of the established tumors in all animals treated with the combined therapy. This strong anti-tumor activity was due to the fact that two genes may act with compensative (or synergic) effect through different mechanisms to kill tumors. Therefore, targeting dual gene-virotherapy may be one of the best strategies for cancer therapy if two suitable genes are chosen.