tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fetal Tissue Study Panel Nears Conclusion
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

NATIONAL INSTITUTES of Health (NIH) advisory panel members weighing pros and cons of fetal tissue use in clinical research will meet again Monday. Their report, which thus will be slightly delayed, is expected to be ready for consideration by an NIH director's committee the middle of this month and then to be forwarded to the Department of Health and Human Services. Discussions at their meetings so far indicate that a majority of panelists favor using human fetal tissue from induced abortions in clinical research. But at least two members have dissented, rejecting the position on ethical grounds. Another member, Rabbi J. David Bleich, PhD, of the Cardozo Law School in New York City, also is considered likely to dissent. At their most recent meeting, panelists responded to questions from Robert Windom, MD, assistant secretary for health (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2012-2015). They still retain the right to change their responses, but from the
Ventricular Septal Defect with Aortic Valvular Incompetence
Authors: F. HENRY ELLIS, PATRICK A. ONGLEY, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Nineteen patients with ventricular septal defect and severe aortic valvular incompetence have been operated on at the Mayo Clinic. There were two early deaths and two late deaths. The ventricular septal defect was located high and anteriorly in the septum and was often small. Aortic valvular incompetence was due, in most cases, to a deformed, prolapsing right coronary cusp. Mild to moderate degrees of infundibular pulmonary stenosis coexisted in nine patients. Repair of the ventricular septal defect was readily accomplished in most cases by direct suture, and relief of obstruction to right ventricular outflow was effected, when required, by resection of the crista supraventricularis. Repair of the aortic incompetence was attempted by a variety of means, but the incidence of persistent significant regurgitation was high, except when prosthetic cusp replacement was used. It is currently our policy to defer operation in children unless there are significant symptoms. When the patient is past the age of about 12 to 14 years, operation is advised under proper circumstances, and it consists generally of suturing of the ventricular septal defect and replacement of the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve.
Lectures on the Varieties in the Muscles of Man
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1873)

irregularities numerous frequent occurrence than those in the upper limb.This results, in some measure, fact, fixity of the pelvic girdle both prevents development muscles-the homologues of which, in the upper limb, subject many varieties-and also gives a more firm basis to passing girdle to the limb.Moreover, difference pronation supination, less varied movedigits, admit of simpler disposition of the muscles in this limb.components muscular sheet covering the hip, the
Long term outcome of patients with neurotic illness in general practice
Authors: K. R Lloyd, R. Jenkins, A. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the 11 year outcome of neurotic disorder in general practice. <b>Design</b>: Cohort study over 11 years. <b>Setting</b>: Two general practices in Warwickshire England. <b>Subjects</b>: 100 patients selected to be representative of those identified nationally by general practitioners as having neurotic disorders. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Mortality, morbidity, and use of health services. <b>Results</b>: At 11 years 87 subjects were traced. The 11 year standardised mortality ratio was 173 (95% confidence interval 164 to 200). 47 were cases on the general health questionnaire, 32 had a relapsing or chronic psychiatric course, and 49 a relapsing or chronic physical course. Treatment for psychiatric illness was mainly drugs. The mean number of consultations per year was 10.8 (median 8.7). A persistent psychiatric diagnosis at one year follow up was associated with high attendance (&gt;12 visits a year for 11 years) at follow up after age, sex, and physical illness were adjusted for. Severity of psychiatric illness (general health questionnaire score) at outset predicted general health questionnaire score at 11 year follow up, course of psychiatric illness, and high consultation rate. <b>Conclusion</b>: These data support the view that a neurotic illness can become chronic and is associated with raised mortality from all causes and high use of services. Such patients need effective intervention, particularly those with a more severe illness who do not recover within one year. <h3>Key messages</h3> In this study almost half had a chronic course over 11 years Chronic neurotic disorder is associated with high consultation regardless of physical illness Initial severity at diagnosis is the best predictor of long term outcome and consultation rate Practices need to develop systems to identify and manage effectively people with these common mental disorders
Thyroid Cancer After Iodine-131 Therapy
Authors: Paul Starr
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of Kreps et al (226:774, 1973) failed to indicate that prolonged excessive endogenous thyrotrophic stimulation for at least 7 1/2 years, due to untreated hypothyroidism, would have promoted the growth of the tumor. This is one of the reasons that we, in our series of 68 patients followed up for 15 to 23 years, with no patient developing radiation carcinomatosis, have strongly advised that after iodine 131 therapy, treatment should include maintenance doses of levothyroxine sodium controlled by serial serum thyroxine and cholesterol determinations.
Demographic and epidemiologic transition in the developing world: Role of albuminuria in the early diagnosis and prevention of renal and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Sarala Naicker, Ivor J. Katz, Sanjay K. Agarwal, Raul Herrera Valdes, Dan Kaseje, Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe, Faissal Shaheen, Chitr Sitthi-Amorn
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not apolipoprotein A-I is a good correlate of the visceral obesity—insulin resistance dyslipidemic syndrome
Authors: Charles Couillard, Benoît Lamarche, André Tchernof, Denis Prud'homme, Angelo Tremblay, Claude Bouchard, Sital Moorjanit, André Nadeau, Paul J. Lupien, Jean-Pierre Després
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
EMPLOYMENT OF TWO DUODENAL TUBES IN GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY
Authors: Edward P. Heller
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The recent article by Dr. Epstein<sup>1</sup>on a simple nonoperative method of treating gastric ulcer calls to mind a procedure which I have found of value, and which also has as a basis the use of two duodenal tubes. Although, as yet, I have not resorted to lavage and siphonage by means of the tubes with the idea of treating ulcer, we have found the use of the two tubes of considerable value in diagnosis. The possibilities of the procedure as affecting both diagnosis and treatment are almost without limit. The case here reported will illustrate concretely the value of the procedure. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> H. S., a man, aged 65, white, admitted to the Vineyard Park Hospital, Aug. 3, 1922, complained of indigestion, loss of appetite, and loss of weight. He had had indigestion twenty-five or thirty years; anorexia for the last five or six years, and considerable
Most patients with atrial fibrillation need anticoagulants, NICE says
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Almost all patients with atrial fibrillation should be offered anticoagulant therapy to prevent stroke, and a large proportion of these should be offered novel oral anticoagulants, says an updated guideline on atrial fibrillation from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).1

In contrast to NICE’s 2006 recommendations,2 which focused on identifying the 45% patients at the greatest risk of stroke and offering them anticoagulation, doctors should now try to identify the 6-10% of patients at the lowest risk of stroke and offer anticoagulation to the rest, Campbell Cowan, chairman of the guideline development group, told a press conference in London on 17 June.

The new guideline recommended that doctors use a new tool—the CHA2DS2-VASc—to assess the risk of stroke in people with atrial fibrillation to help distinguish between those with a low risk who do not need anticoagulation and those with a higher risk who do. Around 200 000 patients with atrial fibrillation are currently prescribed aspirin for stroke prevention, but Cowan said that …
Plant Small RNAs: Biogenesis, Mode of Action and Their Roles in Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Praveen Guleria, Monika Mahajan, Jyoti Bhardwaj, Sudesh Kumar Yadav
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2011)

Abstract Small RNAs (sRNAs) are 18-30 nt non-coding regulatory elements found in diverse organisms, which were initially identified as small double-stranded RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. With the development of new and improved technologies, sRNAs have also been identified and characterized in plant systems. Among them, micro RNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are found to be very important riboregulators in plants. Various types of sRNAs differ in their mode of biogenesis and in their function of gene regulation. sRNAs are involved in gene regulation at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They are known to regulate growth and development of plants. Furthermore, sRNAs especially plant miRNAs have been found to be involved in various stress responses, such as oxidative, mineral nutrient deficiency, dehydration, and even mechanical stimulus. Therefore, in the present review, we focus on the current understanding of biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of plant sRNAs and their responses to various abiotic stresses.
The continuum of intestinal CD4<sup>+</sup>T cell adaptations in host-microbial mutualism
Authors: Markus B. Geuking, Kathy D. McCoy, Andrew J. Macpherson
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

How a mutualistic relationship between the intestinal microbiota and intestinal T cell compartments is established is important, as a breakdown of intestinal T cell homeostasis may cause inflammatory bowel diseases. A number of studies have shown that different bacterial species modulate the intestinal CD4+ T cell compartment in different ways. We performed mechanistic in vivo studies that demonstrated the crucial requirement for regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the induction of intestinal T cell homeostasis even following colonization with a completely benign microbiota. In the absence of a functional Treg response or IL-10 receptor signaling, the same bacteria that induced a Treg response in wild-type animals now induced T helper type 17 responses, without intestinal inflammation. Therefore, Treg, IL-10 and Th17 are crucial regulatory mechanisms in the intestine not only for controlling inflammation, but also to establish a continuum of CD4+ T cell homeostasis upon commensal colonization.
Cuban doctors take up posts in Brazil amid jeers from local physicians
Authors: T. Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A group of 400 doctors from Cuba who arrived in Brazil on 24 and 25 August to work in primary care in deprived areas of the country were greeted with jeers from local doctors, who were protesting about several aspects of the Cubans’ employment, including that their medical credentials were not being adequately checked.

The Cuban doctors came as part of the government’s Mais Medicos (More Doctors) programme, and a further 3600 are expected to arrive by the end of the year. Brazil hopes to have 600 000 doctors by 2026 working in its Unified Health System (SUS), up from 374 000, by increasing its training capacity and the recruitment of foreign doctors.1

Alexandre Padilha, Brazil’s health minister, said, “These professionals will …
The role of tazarotene in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: None MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

The recent availability of tazarotene, the first receptor-selective retinoid, provides a much-needed addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. Tazarotene gel offers a welcome combination of good efficacy and cosmetic acceptability, with minimal risk of systemic adverse effects. The selectivity of tazarotene for the β and γ subtypes of retinoic acid receptors suggests a targeted action on psoriatic keratinocytes, which may help to minimize the risk of adverse effects. The potential for adverse effects is further minimized by the limited transcutaneous absorption of tazarotene, its rapid metabolism into hydrophilic metabolites, and its rapid elimination from the body. These pharmacokinetic features ensure that plasma levels of tazarotene and its main metabolite, tazarotenic acid, are minimized — thus limiting systemic exposure. The hydrophilicity of the metabolites also limits systemic exposure by ensuring that accumulation does not occur in lipophilic tissues.
Failure of oral thiomalate to act as an alternative to intramuscular gold in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: S R Rudge, D Perrett, M Kelly
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Ten patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were entered into a pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of thiomalic acid as a disease modifying agent and to assess its toxicity. Oral thiomalic acid (100 mg) was given daily for up to six months. Changes in disease activity were recorded monthly and all side effects noted. No patient recorded any improvement in subjective well being, pain score, or duration of early morning stiffness. No significant change occurred in articular index or haemoglobin (Hb); the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) showed a tendency to increase. Only three patients completed six months' treatment; six withdrew because of toxic reactions (three with rashes and three with severe gastrointestinal upset) and one because of lack of effect. Thiomalic acid alone appears to have no significant antirheumatic activity and is associated with an unacceptably high incidence of adverse reactions.
Abstract 5204: MicroRNA-6734 induces p21 gene expression by targeting a complementary p21 promoter sequence and inhibits colon cancer cells
Authors: Moo Rim Kang, Jieun Yun, Soo Jin Oh, Chang Woo Lee, Ki Hwan Park, Jong Soon Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to the cellular transcript leading to translational repression or degradation of the target mRNA. However, miRNA have also been shown to induce gene expression by targeting promoter in a phenomenon referred to as RNA activation (RNAa). Recently, p21 promoter targeted small activating RNA, dsP21-322, has been shown to inhibit the growth of various cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of miR-6734, which has a sequence homology with dsP21-322, on p21 gene activation and cell growth inhibition in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. miR-6734 induced p21 gene expression and the induction of p21 was decreased by treatment with miR-6734-5P inhibitor or p21 siRNAs. Furthermore, single transfection of miR-6734 induced p21 gene expression for 12 days which is an interesting feature of RNAa. Knockdown experiments revealed that induction of p21 by miR-6734 required the miRNA maturation protein Ago2 and nuclear transport protein TNRC6A. Functionally, miR-6734 suppressed cellular growth initiated G0/G1 phase arrest and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells by increasing caspase-3/7 activity in dose dependent manner. In addition, miR-6734-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was significantly suppressed by miR-6734-5P inhibitor, p21 siRNAs, Ago2 siRNAs and TNRC6A siRNA. These results suggest that endogenous miRNA may facilitate RNAa in cancer for specific gene expression and manipulate cancer cell phenotype. Citation Format: Moo Rim Kang, Jieun Yun, Soo Jin Oh, Chang Woo Lee, Ki Hwan Park, Jong Soon Kang. MicroRNA-6734 induces p21 gene expression by targeting a complementary p21 promoter sequence and inhibits colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5204. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5204
Nursing Care and Development of Pressure Ulcers-Reply
Authors: Richard M. Allman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —My coauthors and I agree with Dr Olshansky that practice patterns and activities of health care staff are tremendously important in preventing pressure ulcers, but the primary purpose of our study was to describe patient characteristics associated with pressure ulcer development. However, we also examined nurse staffing patterns as a potential predictor of pressure ulcer development in our study population. Among subjects admitted to nursing units that did not meet the study hospital's target staffing levels, the 3-week cumulative incidence of pressure ulcers was similar to the incidence observed on units that had staff levels exceeding hospital goals (18.7% vs 15.1%;<i>P</i>=.21 by log rank test). We were unable to observe staff behavior directly, but nurses' self-reports of infrequent repositioning and the failure to use other preventive interventions were not associated with a higher pressure ulcer incidence. Additional studies of pressure ulcer risk factors need to be
Cortisone Image and Emotional Support by Key Figures in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Wolfgang Wöller, Johannes Kruse, Petra Winter, Elmar J. Mans, Luciano Alberti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

In a subgroup of patients with bronchial asthma, irrational fears of steroid medication can be observed beyond justified worries about side-effects. A cortisone image which involves overemphasizing the threatening aspects of cortisone often underlies non-compliant illness behaviour. In the present study, cortisone image and the relationship with a key figure was investigated in 62 patients with bronchial asthma, all of whom had participated in a structured asthma treatment and teaching programme (ATTP). The data show that (1) perceiving cortisone as threatening predicts poor adherence to ATTP guidelines how to manage severe attacks, and (2) patients having a supportive relationship with their key figure are less likely to experience threatening aspects of cortisone.
P211 Time-Course of Rhinovirus and Bacterial Infection During COPD Exacerbation Recovery
Authors: SN George, DS Garcha, ARC Patel, AJ Mackay, R Singh, RJ Sapsford, GC Donaldson, JA Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Airway bacteria and viruses are aetiological triggers of COPD exacerbations. Changes in prevalence of rhinovirus and typical airway bacteria together have not been examined during COPD exacerbation recovery. We compared the prevalence of the clinically relevant microorganisms (CRMs) human rhinovirus and typical pathogenic bacteria (<i>H. influenzae</i>, <i>M. catarrhalis</i> and <i>S. pneumoniae</i>) at five time points during COPD exacerbation recovery. <h3>Methods</h3> London COPD cohort patients recorded any new or increased respiratory symptoms on daily diary cards and contacted the clinical team when symptoms worsened. Exacerbations were defined using our usual symptomatic criteria; an increase in respiratory symptoms for two consecutive days, with at least one symptom being major (dyspnoea, sputum purulence or volume) and the other a major or minor symptom (wheeze, cold, sore throat, cough). Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was used to detect rhinovirus and real-time quantitative PCR was utilised to identify typical bacteria in sputum samples collected at exacerbation presentation (median 2 days after symptom onset), and at days 3, 7, 14 and 35 post-presentation. <h3>Results</h3> Nineteen patients with moderate to severe COPD (mean age 68.8 years (SD±8.1); FEV1 48.4% predicted (±19.2%); current smoker 37%; FEV1/FVC 0.46 (SD±0.14); FEV1 1.2L (SD±0.4); male gender 74%) provided 89 of 110 potential sputum samples at 5 time points during 22 exacerbations. Rhinovirus prevalence progressively fell from 71.4% at exacerbation presentation to 0% at day 35 with significant decreases in prevalence between presentation and days 7, 14 and 35 (all p&lt;0.002) (Figure 1). No exacerbation was negative for rhinovirus detection at presentation but positive at later time points. For typical bacteria, 64.7% of samples taken at presentation were positive. This proportion fell at days 3 and 7 but these falls were non-significant (p=0.08 and p=0.09, respectively) – all events were treated with antibiotics. Seven of the 22 exacerbations (31.8%) were positive for both CRMs at presentation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The prevalence of CRMs varies during recovery from a COPD exacerbation. Rhinovirus prevalence steadily decreases over 2 weeks whilst bacterial prevalence is more variable, presumably due to the background effects of lower airway bacterial colonisation. This emphasises the importance of rhinovirus as a major exacerbation trigger.
168. Peptide Aldehyde Inhibitors of the Proteasome as Improved Gene Transfer Agents
Authors: Molly E. Martin, Ji-Seon Kim, Kevin G. Rice
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Proteasomes are multisubunit complexes that are responsible for the degradation of many cytosolic proteins. The barrel-like 20S catalytic core of the enzyme is composed of four heptameric rings that contain the proteolytic sites. The proteasome has multiple peptidase activities that can be classified into three main groups: cleavage after hydrophobic side chains (chymotrypsin-like), cleavage after basic residues (trypsin-like), and cleavage after acidic residues (peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolysis or PGPH).
Cancer care in the US needs a radical overhaul, says Institute of Medicine
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A growing number of cancer patients, the complexity and cost of cancer care, and a shrinking cancer care workforce are all contributing to a worsening crisis in the US cancer care delivery system, the US Institute of Medicine has said in a new report.1

In a statement released with the report Patricia Ganz, chairwoman of the committee that wrote the report, and a professor at the School of Medicine and School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, said, “As a nation we need to chart a new course for cancer care. Changes are needed across the board, from how we communicate with patients, to how we translate research into practice, to how we coordinate care and measure its quality.”

The committee pointed out in the report that as America ages the number of new cases of cancer …