tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Self-report in Assessing Fitzpatrick Skin Phototypes I Through VI
Authors: Steven Eilers, Daniel Q. Bach, Rikki Gaber, Hanz Blatt, Yanina Guevara, Katie Nitsche, Roopal V. Kundu, June K. Robinson
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Determining Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (FST) allows physicians to assess a person's risk of developing sunburn and, by extension, the need for sun protection to prevent the development of skin cancer. Reflectance spectrophotometry objectively measures the melanin index and can assist in determining the accuracy of self-report of FST compared with dermatologist-determined FST.To assess whether self-reported or dermatologist-determined FST is more accurate in identifying a participant's FST for FST I through VI and to assess the relevance of the burning and tanning measures for a range of skin types among ethnically diverse participants.A convenience sample of participants in an observational study from June 2, 2010, through December 15, 2010, at an ambulatory academic dermatologic practice and employee health center in an urban city.Participants, staff, and students of Northwestern University, who self-identified as being non-Hispanic white, Hispanic or Latino, Asian or Pacific Islander, or black.Melanin index as measured with reflectance spectrophotometry compared with dermatologist- and participant-determined FST.Forty-two percent (114 of 270) of the participants' responses to the burning and tanning questions could not be classified using standard FST definitions. The spectrophotometry measurements for dermatologist-determined FST were significantly different for FST III and IV (P < .001) and FST IV and V (P < .001). The spectrophotometry measurements for participant-determined FST were significantly different for FST III and IV (P < .001) but not for FST IV and V (P = .90). Participant responses to burning and the dermatologist-determined FST were significantly correlated (Spearman ρ, 0.764; P < .001). Participant responses to tanning and the dermatologist-determined FST were not significantly correlated (Spearman ρ, 0.089; P = .15). Spectrophotometry measurements assessing FST were statistically significantly different for FST III through VI (P < .001).Dermatologist-determined FST is more accurate than self-report for FST III through VI. Rephrasing the questions using specific descriptors that have meaning to people with skin of color, such as skin irritation, tenderness, itching, or skin becoming darker, may allow physicians to more accurately assign a skin phototype and, by inference, assess the risk of these participants developing skin cancer.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01124513.
Familial scarring alopecia associated with scalp psoriasis
Authors: S.E. Cockayne, A.G. Messenger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Familial scarring alopecia associated with scalp psoriasis Get access S.E. Cockayne, S.E. Cockayne Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Rd, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Correspondence: SECockayne@Sheffield.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.G. Messenger A.G. Messenger Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Rd, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Correspondence: SECockayne@Sheffield.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 2, 1 February 2001, Pages 425–427, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04046.x Published: 01 February 2001
The Association between Cholesterol and Death from Injury
Authors: Peter Cummings
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To review the association between low serum cholesterol and death from injury. Data Sources: Relevant English-language papers identified through MEDLINE and Current Contents searches and bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection: More than 150 articles were reviewed to identify data, meta-analyses, or important reviews of the association between low cholesterol and injuries. Data Extraction: Estimates of the association between cholesterol and death from injury were extracted from published reports. Data Synthesis: Animal studies and descriptive studies have provided little information about serum cholesterol and injuries. The Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol pooled results from 14 cohort studies in men and found a relative risk of 1.4 for death from injury in men whose cholesterol levels were lower than 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) compared with men whose cholesterol levels were 4.14 to 5.15 mmol/L (P = 0.003). Most cohort studies support this finding. The strongest evidence that cholesterol and death from injury are related comes from a meta-analysis of six randomized cardiac primary prevention trials of cholesterol reduction; the relative risk for death from injury for treated men compared with controls was 1.42 (95% CI, 0.94 to 2.15). Conclusions: In cohort studies, the strength of the association between low serum cholesterol levels and subsequent death from injury is weak and may be caused by confounding factors such as socioeconomic status. The modestly elevated risk ratio found in a meta-analysis of trials of cholesterol reduction in men is of borderline statistical significance. This association may be related to efforts to lower cholesterol rather than to low absolute levels of serum cholesterol. Until more data are available, the hypothesized relation between low cholesterol and injuries remains unsettled.
Overlapping and divergent signaling pathways of N-cadherin and VE-cadherin in endothelial cells
Authors: Costanza Giampietro, Andrea Taddei, Monica Corada, Gian Maria Sarra-Ferraris, Myriam Alcalay, Ugo Cavallaro, Fabrizio Orsenigo, Maria Grazia Lampugnani, Elisabetta Dejana
Journal: Blood (2012)
Hemostasis: A Case Oriented Approach
Authors: Theodore H. Spaet
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Whenever I peruse a new reference book, I ask to whom this book is directed. There are those whose prospective audience is the world, requiring a complete and stable encyclopedia. There are those for the serious student who demands an exhaustive review. The present volume purports to guide "beginners" and (one presumes) generalists through the labyrinths of hemostatic disorders. The concept is surely sound. How about the execution? Of the somewhat over 300 pages, the first 70 or so deal with instruction in the "science" of hemostasis. Although this introduction touches on the main points, it is too superficial to substitute for reference, as needed, to the massive compendiums of Colman et al<sup>1</sup>and Bloom and Thomas.<sup>2</sup>The reader will probably have to return again and again to basic principles, which are not adequately available herein. The second section is introduced with two tables. One has a list
ESR1 gene amplification in breast cancer: a common phenomenon?
Authors: Lindsay A Brown, Jeremy Hoog, Suet-Feung Chin, Yu Tao, Abd Alnaser Zayed, Koei Chin, Andrew E Teschendorff, John F Quackenbush, John C Marioni, Samuel Leung, Charles M Perou, Torsten O Neilsen, Matthew Ellis, Joe W Gray, Philip S Bernard, David G Huntsman, Carlos Caldas
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
ILEO-COLIC INTUSSUSCEPTION CAUSED BY MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM AND SIMULATING ECTOPIC GESTATION
Authors: H. H. Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (1923)

MEDICAL JOURNAl absorbed, instead of being thus excreted, they exercise the typical effect of protein bodies on metabolism-that is, they stimulate metabolism to a degree considerably in excess of their mere calorific value.The same fate also overtakes the fatty amino-acids.The second factor to be nioted is this: that if we can assume that the source of adrelnaline is to be found among the amino-acids in the intestine produced by the digestive ferments, the failure of the putrefactive organisms still further to split up this precursor into an excretable substaince again has a specific bearing upon the increase in the basal metabolic rate, for it is now generally conceded that adrenaline is the sensitizer of the sympathetic nervous systen, " the katabolic nerve of the body."
Subtype selective kainic acid receptor agonists: Discovery and approaches to rational design
Authors: Lennart Bunch, Povl Krogsgaard‐Larsen
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

Abstract ( S )‐Glutamic acid (Glu) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, activating the plethora of glutamate receptors (GluRs). In broad lines, the GluRs are divided into two major classes: the ionotropic Glu receptors (iGluRs) and the metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluRs). Within the iGluRs, five subtypes (KA1, KA2, iGluR5‐7) show high affinity and express full agonist activity upon binding of the naturally occurring amino acid kainic acid (KA). Thus these receptors have been named the KA receptors. This review describes all—to our knowledge—published KA receptor agonists. In total, over 100 compounds are described by means of chemical structure and available pharmacological data. With this perspective review, it is our intention to ignite and stimulate inspiration for future design and synthesis of novel subtype selective KA receptor agonists. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 1, 3–28, 2009
Abstract LB-134: Personalized peptide vaccination as the second line therapy for patients with chemotherapy-resistant advanced pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Tetsuro Sasada, Shigeru Yutani, Munehiro Yoshitomi, Satoko Matsueda, Nobukazu Komatsu, Kyogo Itoh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Since the prognosis of advanced pancreatic cancer remains poor, development of novel therapeutic approaches, including cancer vaccine, would be highly desirable. We conducted a phase II study of personalized peptide vaccine (PPV) in chemotherapy-resistant advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: Forty-one advanced pancreatic cancer patients (7 Stage IVa, 24 Stage IVb, 10 recurrence) who failed to respond to the first line chemotherapy were enrolled. Median duration of chemotherapy prior to the enrollment was 8 months. A maximum of four HLA-matched vaccine peptides showing higher antigen-specific immune responses were selected based on the titers of IgG against each of 31 different peptide candidates, and employed for subcutaneous vaccination. In order to identify potentially prognostic biomarkers for overall survival (OS), pre-vaccination clinical findings and laboratory data were retrospectively assessed and evaluated by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model in 36 patients who completed at least one cycle of 6 vaccinations. Results: Median OS from the first vaccination was 7.9 M with a one-year survival rate of 24%. Notably, median OS from the first line chemotherapy was 19.2 M. The main toxicity of PPV was skin reactions at the injection sites, but no vaccine-related serious adverse events were observed. Among the pre-vaccination factors examined, high level of serum amyloid A (SAA) and high titer of the IgG against 31 vaccine peptide candidates were significantly unfavorable for OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.019, P = 0.006; HR = 0.999, P = 0.0001; respectively] by the Cox multivariate analysis. The clinical stage was also associated with OS, as expected (HR = 0.496, P = 0.014). Conclusions: Even in chemotherapy-resistant advanced pancreatic cancer patients, PPV might improve the prognosis. Further randomized clinical trials of PPV would be recommended in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-134. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-134
Abstract 5472: Systems pharmacogenomics approach identifies synergistic molecular action of combined MTOR/HDAC inhibition on MYC
Authors: Benjamin J. Gamache, John K. Simmons, Aleksandra Michalowski, Jyoti Patel, Ke Zhang, Shuling Zhang, Wendy DuBois, Adriana Zingone, Michael Kuehl, Jing Huang, Ola Landgren, Beverly Mock
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) and murine plasmacytoma (PCT) are rare mature B-lymphoid malignancies. Allelic variants of Mtor and Cdkn2a affect susceptibility to PCT, and functional alterations in the PI3K/MTOR and CYCLIN/CDK/CDKI/RB (RB) pathways are common to both malignancies. We found that combining sirolimus (rapamycin), an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR), with entinostat (MS-275), a selective class I histone deacytlase (HDAC) inhibitor, was synergistic in controlling 90% of tested cell lines derived from B cell malignancies in vitro, effective in limiting xenograft growth in vivo, and diminished cellular viability in ex vivo patient samples. Similarly, the combination reduced tumor burden and volume and increased survival in a long-term, in-vivo study in C.B6-Bcl2l1 mice. To examine the core synergistic consequence of combining entinostat with sirolimus, an integrated, systems-level approach was used. Weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) of GEP data from MM cells treated individually and in combination was used to identify a distinct module of 126 genes cooperatively affected by both drugs. Of the cooperatively affected genes, 37 were found to be differentially expressed in MM and predictive of survival (p&amp;lt;0.01). Ingenuity upstream analysis identified MYC as a potential core regulator of the synergistic transcriptional response. MYC protein, but not mRNA, decreased in response to the drug combination when examined by Western blot and NanoString analyses, respectively. Using tet-off, MYC-inducible transformed P493 cells, the necessity of MYC for the drop in cellular viability and response of the gene signature to the combination was evident. Using the translational and proteasomal inhibitors, cycloheximide and MG132, respectively, it was determined that MYC protein half-life decreased with the combination, largely due to proteasomal degradation. Utilizing a systems-level approach and biological filters, an alternative route to MYC inhibition was determined. Biologically relevant, this methodology can be used to define the molecular underpinnings of drug combinations, applicable to many diseases. Citation Format: Benjamin J. Gamache, John K. Simmons, Aleksandra Michalowski, Jyoti Patel, Ke Zhang, Shuling Zhang, Wendy DuBois, Adriana Zingone, Michael Kuehl, Jing Huang, Ola Landgren, Beverly Mock. Systems pharmacogenomics approach identifies synergistic molecular action of combined MTOR/HDAC inhibition on MYC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5472. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5472
Indigenous hepatitis E virus infection in England and Wales
Authors: Hannah Lewis, Dilys Morgan, Samreen Ijaz, Elizabeth Boxall
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Contraction and convergence: myth and realityEditor-The review of climate change issues in the BMJ of 10 June was comprehensive.On grounds of morality, the principle of contraction and convergence is unassailable. 1 In the real world, it is a pipe dream.It would work only by being enforcible, which implies an international policing authority with real teeth.Can we seriously believe that the United States, China, or Russia would submit to such an authority?Sadly there is no mileage in morality when affluent lifestyles are threatened.It is right to plead for changes in individual behaviour, but only the de-carbonising of energy at source will make a predictable and sustained impact on carbon dioxide emissions.The only long term route to this goal will be through the adoption of renewable energy technologies on two levels.Firstly, small scale to micro-generation systems are rapidly approaching market viability.Within five to 10 years, millions of homes could become cost effective mini-power stations linked to a local mini-grid under the umbrella of distributed generation.The Energy Saving Trust estimates that this sector could meet 40% of UK electricity demand. 2 Secondly, base load electricity could be provided by gigawatt scale technologies mostly drawing energy from wind, rivers, and seas.Tidal stream, tidal estuary, tidal impoundment, wave power, and offshore wind could more than match the output of today's nuclear power. 3 In the short term, "balancing power" to compensate for intermittency would be provided by combined cycle gas power plants.In the longer term, surplus electricity, which is an intrinsic problem with renewables, will be directed to producing hydrogen for grid connected gigawatt scale fuel cells in a symbiotic coupling with high energy density renewables installations.All this will, of course, depend on massive government investment, but so would nuclear energy.On the demand side, buildings are the biggest carbon culprits.The only effective answer, embracing both new and existing buildings, is the concept of the carbon budget, enforcible by law.This could also be adapted for transport.These have complex implications, perhaps for another time.
Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Various Surgical Positions
Authors: George W. N. Eggers
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Healthy volunteers were studied in various surgical positions both awake and anesthetized. The positions studied were supine, left and right lateral, left and right lateral jackknife, prone without support, and prone with supporting rolls. Halothane-oxygen anesthesia was administered via an endotracheal tube. The awake subjects maintained an essentially normal hemodynamic status in all positions studied. In the anesthetized state, marked reductions in systemic arterial pressure were associated with almost all positions compared with the supine. The reduction of systemic arterial pressure was primarily due to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance as there was no appreciable change in the cardiac index.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6, TNF-α, IL1β, procalcitonin, lipopolysaccharide binding protein and C-reactive protein in infective endocarditis
Authors: R.W. Watkin, L.V. Harper, A.B. Vernallis, S. Lang, P.A. Lambert, A.M. Ranasinghe, T.S.J. Elliott
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Pathogenesis of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Gastroenteritis in Man — Another Mechanism
Authors: Martin H. Ulshen, John L. Rollo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

ESCHERICHIA COLI infection of the gastrointestinal tract may cause diarrhea by two pathogenic mechanisms that have been well described in laboratory animals and man: direct invasion of the intestinal mucosa and production of either heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxin.1 2 3 4 5 Recently, a third mechanism has been described by Cantey and Blake, who studied a rabbit model infected by orogastric inoculation with Esch. coli 015 (RDEC-1).6 This infection is characterized by destruction of microvilli and adherence of bacteria to the damaged luminal surface of the intestine in the absence of bacterial invasion or enterotoxin production.7 To our knowledge, this histologic finding has not . . .
The Arkansas Board of Health.
Authors: R. B. Christian
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 18, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —That part of the editorial inThe Journalof September 16 on yellow fever which referred to the situation in Arkansas has suggested that a few facts be submitted concerning the recent state board of health episode. For the last ten or fifteen years the Arkansas State Board of Health has had only a nominal existence, and has existed by law, but not by any material support from the state. Physicians accepting appointments thereon have done so as a courtesy to the governor making the appointment and as an acknowledgment of the honor which he thus sought to bestow. The hope, too, was indulged in by those interested that by keeping up the semblance of a state board of health the matter of obtaining proper recognition on the part of the legislature would be facilitated, and the board which only existed
The Twenty-Minute Hour: An Approach to the Postgraduate Teaching of Psychiatry
Authors: PIETRO CASTELNUOVO-TEDESCO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Approaches to the teaching of psychological medicine to nonpsychiatrist physicians have varied greatly. The author describes an approach based on brief, supportive psychotherapy; it is his conviction that psychotherapy is the chief instrument the practitioner needs to learn if he is to discharge his responsibilities to his patients in the area of psychological medicine. Emphasis in this training program for residents in internal medicine is on actual contact with a patient. Problems that commonly arise are reviewed.
Pathogenesis of the Atherosclerotic Lesion: Implications for diabetes mellitus
Authors: Colin J Schwartz, Anthony J Valente, Eugene A Sprague, Jim L Kelley, Antonio J Cayatte, Marius M Rozek
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

In this review, we have highlighted pivotal cellular and molecular events in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Key components of lesion initiation are an enhanced focal intimal influx and accumulation of lipoproteins, including LDL in hemodynamically determined lesion-prone areas, focal monocyte-macrophage recruitment, intimal generation of ROS, and oxidative modification of lipoproteins (including LDL [Ox-LDL]). Modified lipoproteins are taken up by the non-downregulating macrophage scavenger receptor, with foam cell formation and the development of the so-called fatty streak. One transitional event in lesion progression is foam cell necrosis, likely attributable to the cytotoxicity of both intimal free radicals and Ox-LDL, with development of an extracellular metabolically inert lipid core. Another is the migration to and proliferation within the intima of medial SMCs, leading to the synthesis of plaque collagens, elastin, and proteoglycans. Mural thrombosis plays a significant role in the late-stage progression of lesions. Regression of lesions is considered a function of the dynamic balance among components of initiation, progression, plaque stabilization, and removal of plaque constituents—the so-called regression quartet. Here, we critically examine how components of diabetes mellitus might impact not only lesion development, but also lesion regression. It is concluded that some components of diabetes mellitus augment key mechanisms in lesion initiation and progression and will likely retard the processes of plaque regression. Specifically, we focus on the various influences of diabetes mellitus on lipoprotein influx and accumulation, free radical generation and Ox-LDL, monocyte-macrophage recruitment, thrombosis and impaired fibrinolysis, and the reverse cholesterol transport system. The importance of nonenzymatic protein glycosylation in modifying a number of these processes is emphasized.