tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of thyroid hormones on skeletal muscle bioenergetics. In vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of humans and rats.
Authors: Z Argov, P F Renshaw, B Boden, A Winokur, W J Bank
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The pathophysiology of the myopathy in dysthyroid states is poorly understood. We therefore tested the effects of thyroid hormones on muscle bioenergetics in humans and rats, using in vivo 31P NMR. Two hypothyroid patients had: low phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio (PCr/Pi) at rest, increased PCr depletion during exercise and delayed postexercise recovery of PCr/Pi. Eight thyroidectomized rats did not show abnormalities at rest, but muscle work induced by nerve stimulation resulted in a significantly (P less than 0.0001) lower PCr/Pi (35-45% of control) at each of the three stimulation frequencies tested (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 Hz). Recovery rate was markedly slowed to one-third of normal values. Thyroxine therapy reversed these abnormalities in both human and rat muscle. Five patients and six rats with hyperthyroidism did not differ from normal controls during rest and exercise but had an unusually rapid recovery after exercise. The bioenergetic abnormalities in hypothyroid muscle suggest the existence of a hormone-dependent, reversible mitochondrial impairment in this disorder. The exercise intolerance and fatigue experienced in hypothyroid muscle may be due to such a bioenergetic impairment. The changes in energy metabolism in hyperthyroid muscle probably do not cause the muscular disease in this disorder.
Segmental Colitis
Authors: James H. Manning, Richard Warren, Abdus Sattar Adi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

SEGMENTAL colitis, also referred to as "regional colitis" and "right-sided colitis," has been defined as a "chronic, non-specific or cryptogenic inflammatory ulcerative or hyperplastic lesion" involving long, short or multiple segments of the colon.1 This description requires a further clarification of the distinction between segmental colitis and the more common and discrete clinical entities of ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis.The relation between these entities, and the line dividing them, has not always been fully agreed upon and must therefore, for purposes of presentation, be set somewhat arbitrarily. Thus, we have selected as the controlling criterion for the diagnosis of . . .
Estimation of left ventricular elastance without altering preload or afterload in the conscious dog
Authors: T. Nakamoto, C.-P. Cheng, W. P Santamore, M. Iizuka
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to determine the slope (EES) of the left ventricular end systolic pressure-volume line (ESPVL) without altering preload or afterload in conscious dogs. Methods: Dogs (n=10) were instrumented to determine left ventricular volume from ultrasonic left ventricular internal dimensions, and to measure left ventricular pressure using a micromanometer. Studies were performed one to two weeks after instrumentation while the animals were conscious. ESPVL was determined from variably loaded left ventricular pressure-volume (P-V) loops generated by the vena caval occlusion. Contractile state was increased by intravenous dobutamine (8 μg·kg−1·min−1) and decreased by intravenous verapamil (10 mg) given after autonomic blockade. From a single normally ejecting beat, we calculated EES-single beat (mm Hg·ml−1) as peak isovolumetric pressure (Pmax) minus end systolic pressure divided by stroke volume. Sunagawa's technique was used to estimate Pmax by fitting the pressure during the isovolumetric contraction and relaxation as: P(t)=l/2 × Piso[1-cos(ωt+c)]+LVEDP, where Piso=peak isovolumetric developed pressure, LVEDP=left ventricular end diastolic pressure, c=constant accounting for variations in phase angle, and ω=2 π/T in which T is duration of contraction. Results: After dobutamine, EES increased, from 8.9(SEM 0.8) to 12.5(1.0) mm Hg·ml−1 (p < 0.05), and Epg-single beat increased from 9.1(0.9) to 12.0(1.4) mm Hg·ml−1 (p < 0.05). Conversely, after verapamil, EES decreased, from 11.1(1.2) to 6.3(1.1) mm Hg·ml−1, (p < 0.05), and EES-single beat also decreased, from 9.6(1.0) to 7.3(1.2) mm Hg·ml−1, (p < 0.05). Conclusions: EES calculated from one beat is similar to EES determined from variably loaded left ventricular loops and responds appropriately to inotropic stimulation. This technique provides a reasonable method to calculate EES from left ventricular pressure and stroke volume without altering preload or afterload. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:868-873
Increased activation of fibrocytes in patients with chronic obstructive asthma through an epidermal growth factor receptor–dependent pathway
Authors: Chun-Hua Wang, Chien-Da Huang, Horng-Chyuan Lin, Tzu-Ting Huang, Kang-Yun Lee, Yu-Lun Lo, Shu-Min Lin, Kian Fan Chung, Han-Pin Kuo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Hibernation Anaesthesia in Major Surgery
Authors: A. Smith, J. G. Fairer
Journal: BMJ (1953)

In major surgery, particularly in the case of malignant disease, where the patients are often cachectic and very ill, it is often not possible to contemplate surgical inter- vention.If an operation is started, after an hour or two of traumatic surgery the patient's condition deteri- orates, and, however carefully the cardiovascular system
A Combined Strategy of SAGE and Quantitative PCR Provides a 13-Gene Signature that Predicts Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Response and Outcome in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Enrique Casado, Victor Moreno García, Jose Javier Sánchez, Montserrat Blanco, Joan Maurel, Jaime Feliu, Carlos Fernández-Martos, Javier de Castro, Beatriz Castelo, Cristóbal Belda-Iniesta, María Sereno, Benito Sánchez-Llamas, Emilio Burgos, Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas, Noemí Manceñido, Rosa Miquel, Damián García-Olmo, Manuel González-Barón, Paloma Cejas
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the treatment of choice for rectal cancer (RC), but half of the patients do not respond, suffer unnecessary toxicities, and surgery delays. We aimed to develop a model that could predict a clinically meaningful response to CRT by using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies. Experimental Design: We first carried out an exploratory screening of candidate genes by using SAGE technology to evaluate dynamic changes in the RC transcriptome in selected refractory patients before and after CRT. Next, 53 genes (24 from SAGE and 29 from the literature) were analyzed by qPCR arrays in FFPE initial biopsies from 94 stage II/III RC patients who were preoperatively treated with CRT. Tumor response was defined by using Dworak's tumor regression grade (2–3–4 vs. 0–1). Multivariate Cox methods and stepwise algorithms were applied to generate an optimized predictor of response and outcome. Results: In the training cohort (57 patients), a 13-gene signature predicted tumor response with 86% accuracy, 87% sensitivity, and 82% specificity. In a testing cohort (37 patients), the model correctly classified 6 of 7 nonresponders, with an overall accuracy of 76%. A signature-based score identified patients with a higher risk of relapse in univariate (3-year disease-free survival 64% vs. 90%, P = 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR = 4.35 95% CI: 1.2–15.75, P = 0.02), in which it remained the only statistically significant prognostic factor. Conclusions: A basal 13-gene signature efficiently predicted CRT response and outcome. Multicentric validation by the GEMCAD collaborative group is currently ongoing. If confirmed, the predictor could be used to improve patient selection in RC studies. Clin Cancer Res; 17(12); 4145–54. ©2011 AACR.
The American Board of Internal Medicine: Modernization of Procedures
Authors: JACK D. MYERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Special Article1 March 1970The American Board of Internal Medicine: Modernization of ProceduresJACK D. MYERS, M.D., F.A.C.P.JACK D. MYERS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-3-423 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the summer of 1969 it was announced that many of the procedures of the American Board of Internal Medicine were being changed beginning variously in 1970 to 1972 (1). These changes have aroused much interest and no little controversy among internists both in practice and in medical education. The Board therefore believes it wise to explain the reasons and backgrounds for these changes.First, it must be emphasized that the regulations and requirements for admission to examinations only partially and indirectly set standards. Standards in so far as the Board sets them are really determined by the written and...Reference1. FUTCHER P: Educational requirements for American Board of Internal Medicine. JAMA 209:924, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American Board of Internal Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySubspecialization in Internal Medicine: A historical review, an analysis, and proposals for changeThe chief medical residency in the 1980sFurther Changes in the Requirements and Procedures of the American Board of Internal MedicineRICHARD V. EBERT, M.D.The Multiple-Choice Question Test of the American Board of OphthalmologyOncology in MedicineB. J. KENNEDY, M.D. 1 March 1970Volume 72, Issue 3Page: 423-424KeywordsMedical education Issue Published: 1 March 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
A CASE OF HYPERTROPHY OF MAMMARY GLANDS.
Authors: JOHN B. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

July 19, 1894, Mrs. P., of Lancaster, Wis., was brought to the Presbyterian Hospital by her physician, Dr. F. E. Strong, of Lancaster, who gave me the following history: "Mrs. P., age 32, had ordinarily good health up to the time of her marriage eight years ago. Began to menstruate at usual time. At 12 years of age had scarlet fever, and when 16 began to have slight irregular pains in both mammary glands. During her first pregnancy when six months advanced, the breasts began to enlarge and became painful. At this time she was very sick with malarial fever and remained so until eight months, when twins were born. Two weeks afterward breasts had resumed their natural size. During second pregnancy they began to enlarge at second month, but did not attain their former size. The child was born at term and nursed from the nipple, which the first
An Outbreak of Designer Drug—Related Deaths in Pennsylvania
Authors: Jonathan Hibbs
Journal: JAMA (1991)

3-Methylfentanyl ("China White") is a "designer" opiate that has caused more than 100 overdose deaths in California since 1979, but that has not been associated previously with deaths east of the Rocky Mountains. During 1988, 3-methylfentanyl was identified in 16 fatal overdose cases in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, contributing to a fourfold rise in overdose mortality during October of that year. Morphine was detected in the blood of five persons (31%) and cocaine in the blood of three persons (19%) dying of 3-methylfentanyl overdoses; these were demographically similar to 99 other fatal overdose cases investigated by the county coroner from 1986 through 1988. This documents the contribution of 3-methylfentanyl to overdose mortality in an eastern city and the use of 3-methylfentanyl with other illegal drugs. Drug abusers in the northeastern United States should be considered at risk for more "designer drug" overdose outbreaks in the future. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1011-1013)
Do it properly or not at all
Authors: C. Seale
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Botched suicides assisted by amateurs and ill considered decisions to die by some of the most vulnerable people in society are the likely outcomes of the assisted dying policy of the director of public prosecutions (DPP).1

Magnusson documented the “euthanasia underground” that grew up in California with AIDS before HAART, describing numerous distressing …
A genomics approach in determining nanotopographical effects on MSC phenotype
Authors: Penelope M. Tsimbouri, Kate Murawski, Graham Hamilton, Pawel Herzyk, Richard O.C. Oreffo, Nikolaj Gadegaard, Matthew J. Dalby
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

Topography and its effects on cell adhesion, morphology, growth and differentiation are well documented. Thus, current advances with the use of nanotopographies offer promising results in the field of regenerative medicine. Studies have also shown nanotopographies to have strong effects on stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. What is less clear however is what mechanotransductive mechanisms are employed by the cells to facilitate such changes. In fastidious cell types, it has been suggested that direct mechanotransduction producing morphological changes in the nucleus, nucleoskeleton and chromosomes themselves may be central to cell responses to topography. In this report we move these studies into human skeletal or mesenchymal stem cells and propose that direct (mechanical) signalling is important in the early stages of tuning stem cell fate to nanotopography. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Affymetrix arrays we have evidence that nanotopography stimulates changes in nuclear organisation that can be linked to spatially regulated genes expression with a particular focus on phenotypical genes. For example, chromosome 1 was seen to display the largest numbers of gene deregulations and also a concomitant change in nuclear positioning in response to nanotopography. Plotting of deregulated genes in reference to band positioning showed that topographically related changes tend to happen towards the telomeric ends of the chromosomes, where bone related genes are generally clustered. Such an approach offers a better understanding of cell-surface interaction and, critically, provides new insights of how to control stem cell differentiation with future applications in areas including regenerative medicine.
P-ERK, P-AKT and p53 as Tissue Biomarkers in Erlotinib-Treated Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: a Translational Subgroup Analysis From Aio-PK0104
Authors: Stefan Boeck, Jens Siveke, Steffen Ormanns, Ruediger Laubender, Andreas Jung, Michael Haas, Ursula Vehling-Kaiser, Cornelia Winkelmann, Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal, Michael Clemens, Thomas Gauler, Angela Märten, Stefan Klein, Georgi Kojouharoff, Michael Geissler, Tim Greten, Thomas Kirchner, Volker Heinemann
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
GLIOMA RETINÆ WITH REPORT OF FIVE CASES.
Authors: CHRISTIAN R. HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Glioma is a disease limited to childhood, and we may consider it the only true neoplasm developing in the retina. Its synonyms are: "Neuro-epithelioma" (Wintersteiner), "gliosarcoma" (Virchow), "glio-angio-sarcoma" and "tubular gliosarcoma" (De Gama Pinto). H. Knapp, in 1867, appears to have been the first to give an accurate and thoroughly scientific description of this class of tumors. In 1868 appeared Hirschberg's classical work on this subject, with a report of 77 cases collected from different sources. Virchow believed the cells of this class of tumors to be derived from the supporting fibers of the retina (the glia), and hence gave it the name of glioma retinæ. Iwanhoff, in 1869, described the structure of the glioma as follows: "The larger nodules are always very vascular, with a characteristic arrangement of the cells which are concentrically grouped around the blood vessels. On section the whole nodule appears to consist of closely arranged
On the Relation of Epithelioma to Irritation and Chronic Inflammation
Authors: F. S. Eve
Journal: BMJ (1881)

April z,:&8 other diseases or accidents, and the failure of recognition of secondary disease before death, in some cases where no post Morlite resear'ches Were made, may make generalisation of 'the disease appear'tobeI rarer than it actually is, in chronic, unrelieved cases of -cancer of-the tongue.This is contrary to foreign experience, and tends to -Justify Paget's belief that epithelioma is particularly malignant in this country.On the other hand,' Mr. Butlin shows that, in several of the cases where visceral cancer was found in the bodies of patients dead from epithelioma of the tongute, the malignant disease in the internal-organs was more or less evidently primary in itself, and hence quite independent of the lingual tumour.In many otherwise valuable records, no account of the microscopical appearances ofthe supposed "secondary" growth can be found.Operation is most decidedly advisable, and may absolutely cure the disease.'A patient thus cured must, however, be more liable to disease of the same part than a person who has never had cancer of the tongue.In cases where it is stated that the disease has recurred in the cicatrix after operation, and no recurrence has followed the removal of the diseased cicatrix, it is logical to believe that the cicatrix really became the seat of a new and primary disease, for epithelioma very frequently attacks scar-tissue.Early and free removal of the disease is, in all cases, imperative; when there is no hope of cure owing to glandular infection, removal of the foul and painful ulcer of the tongue may be productive of great relief.
Low copy number of the salivary amylase gene predisposes to obesity
Authors: Mario Falchi, Julia Sarah El-Sayed Moustafa, Petros Takousis, Francesco Pesce, Amélie Bonnefond, Johanna C Andersson-Assarsson, Peter H Sudmant, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Mashael Nedham Al-Shafai, Leonardo Bottolo, Erdal Ozdemir, Hon-Cheong So, Robert W Davies, Alexandre Patrice, Robert Dent, Massimo Mangino, Pirro G Hysi, Aurélie Dechaume, Marlène Huyvaert, Jane Skinner, Marie Pigeyre, Robert Caiazzo, Violeta Raverdy, Emmanuel Vaillant, Sarah Field, Beverley Balkau, Michel Marre, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Jacques Weill, Odile Poulain-Godefroy, Peter Jacobson, Lars Sjostrom, Christopher J Hammond, Panos Deloukas, Pak Chung Sham, Ruth McPherson, Jeannette Lee, E Shyong Tai, Robert Sladek, Lena M S Carlsson, Andrew Walley, Evan E Eichler, Francois Pattou, Timothy D Spector, Philippe Froguel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Gene Therapy for HIV
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Legislation introduced to create a new drug safety office at the FDA
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Obesity in children in England continues to rise 334 More than one in four children in England are overweight or obese, said a government report published last week which showed that obesity in young people is continuing to rise.The report said that the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2 to 10 increased from 9.9% in 1995 to 13.7% in 2003.The total number of overweight and obese children rose from 22.7% to 27.7% in this period.Obesity increased most in older children aged 8 to 10, rising from 11.2% in 1995 to 16.5% in 2003.Levels of obesity were similar for both sexes, increasing from 9.6% in 1995 to 14.9% in 2003 for boys and from 10.3% to 12.5% for girls.Children living in households with the lowest incomes had higher rates of obesity than those from households with the highest incomes (15.8% v 13.3%).
Computer-Aided Mammography Screening
Authors: Ferris M. Hall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: The article on screening mammography by Gilbert et al. (Oct. 16 issue)1 favorably compares single reading plus computer-aided detection with double reading in the United Kingdom. This finding will have no direct effect in the United States, where double reading is rarely performed. However, it is an indirect endorsement of computer-aided detection, because evidence supporting it is less robust than that supporting double reading.2 Major differences exist between European and U.S. screening programs, despite approximately equal cancer-detection rates. European readers are much more experienced, interpreting more than 10 times as many mammographic examinations as U.S readers. European . . .
Effect of Diagnostic Skin Testing on Antibody Levels for Histoplasmosis
Authors: Marion L. Sigrest, Floyd L. Lummus, Guy D. Campbell, John F. Busey, Fred Allison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE diagnostic evaluation of patients suspected of having either tuberculosis or a systemic fungous infection should now include among other things such immunologic procedures as skin testing and measurement of precipitating and complement-fixing antibody. Although these technics add great precision to the accuracy of diagnosis and help direct clinical evaluation the inherent limitations must be appreciated in order that each procedure may be utilized effectively.Prior and Saslaw,1 Saslaw and Campbell2 and Salvin et al.3 reported that repeated skin testing of young adults with histoplasmin boosted antibody titers. More recently, McDearman and Young4 and Nicholas and his associates5 , 6 found that . . .
Representing your colleagues
Authors: T. Pickersgill, J. Cross
Journal: BMJ (1999)

When a doctor takes up a consultant post or becomes a GP principal, he or she is suddenly confronted with managing a department or practice: dealing with NHS management; representing colleagues; doing committee and administrative work; becoming involved in training and education; making decisions that affect the services they provide; and taking part in audit and clinical governance.Most of these roles will be new, and are not part of a junior's training.Although juniors engage in audit, no training will have been given in how to manage a department-a serious defect in the way in which doctors are trained for their future non-clinical responsibilities.