tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic RAS mutations in myeloma cells selectively induce cox-2 expression, which participates in enhanced adhesion to fibronectin and chemoresistance
Authors: Bao Hoang, Li Zhu, Yijiang Shi, Patrick Frost, Huajun Yan, Sanjai Sharma, Sherven Sharma, Lee Goodglick, Steven Dubinett, Alan Lichtenstein
Journal: Blood (2006)
Stroke in a Healthy 46-Year-Old Man
Authors: Robert J. Wityk
Journal: JAMA (2001)

This article presents the case of a healthy 46-year-old man who experienced a dissection of the internal carotid artery. The diagnosis of this condition is not usually clear-cut, especially in a young patient with unremarkable medical history, and because of the similarity of symptoms with migraine. Often there is no obvious cause of a cerebral artery dissection, although subtle abnormalities of connective tissue may be present. Anticoagulation is generally used for therapy, but clinical trials are lacking. Carotid artery dissection should be considered as a cause of stroke in young healthy adults.
Circulating platelet products in unstable angina pectoris.
Authors: M Sobel, E W Salzman, G C Davies, R I Handin, J Sweeney, J Ploetz, G Kurland
Journal: Circulation (1981)

In 19 patients with unstable angina pectoris at rest, plasma levels of the platelet-derived proteins beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 were significantly elevated in blood samples obtained during or within 4 hours after episodes of angina, but were usually normal during quiescent intervals. Plasma levels of the arachidonic acid metabolite thromboxane B2 were less clearly related to angina, and there was no association of angina with levels of the coagulation product fibrinopeptide A. This demonstration of an association of platelet activation and secretion with unstable angina pectoris by radioimmunoassay of circulating platelet constituents offers a new approach to assessment of therapy in ischemic heart disease and suggests that agents that alter platelet function should be evaluated in patients with unstable angina.
Alzheimer's Disease and Related Conditions
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Organized by W. H. McMenemy and chaired by M. Roth, this symposium summarizes our present knowledge of the Alzheimer form of presenile dementia. Interesting contributions include McMenemy's historical review, Corsellis' correlation of limbic lesions with memory loss, and Hollander's description of "acute" Alzheimer's disease apparently induced by events which disrupt a patient's borderline adjustment to daily routine. Detailed electron microscopic study of Alzheimer tissue shows that the amyloid of the senile argyrophilic plaque is morphologically indistinguishable from the material deposited in other tissues in amyloidosis and that the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's and other degenerative diseases consist of twisted and deformed neurotubules. Experimental disorders induced in animals by microtubular binding agents such as colchicine or vincristine are associated with similar neurofibrillary tangles and an abolition of fast axoplasmic flow. Illuminating discussions follow each contribution. While the participants agree on the ultrastructural and biochemical findings, arguments arise over clinical aspects of
STUDIES ON BLOOD FACTORS RhA, RhB, AND RhC
Authors: Lester J. Unger, Alexander S. Wiener, L. Katz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Observations are described of the incidence among Caucasians and Negroes of the blood factors Rh(A), Rh(B) and Rh(C) which occur associated with the Rh(0) factor in typical Rh-positive blood. The antiserums used for the tests were derived from Rh-positive patients who had had hemolytic transfusion reactions or erythroblastotic babies. Among a large series of individuals, it was found that only rarely is any of the blood factors Rh(A), Rh(B), or Rh(C) lacking from "standard" Rh(0)-positive blood. On the other hand, about half of the specimens of Rh(0) variant blood lack one or more of the factors Rh(A), Rh(B), and Rh(C), which, when present in such blood, are also almost always variants. Judging from the incidence of specimens lacking one or more of these factors, Rh(A), Rh(B), and Rh(B) appear to be relatively independent of one another despite their association with blood factor Rh(0). Tests for factors Rh(A), Rh(B), and Rh(C) distinguish new rare varieties of Rh and Reh agglutinogens, each genetically determined by corresponding allelic genes. There is no doubt that more clinical cases will be found in which sensitized Rh-positive individuals have antibodies resembling anti-Rh(0) in specificity. Four such cases have already been studied by the present authors, and in each case the antibodies were shown to be different from anti-Rh(0) in specificity. Since they were also different from one another, they have been assigned the symbols anti-Rh(A), anti-Rh(B), anti-Rh(C), and anti-Rh(D), respectively, the first three being the antiserums used in the present study. Obviously, in order to avoid confusion of nomenclature, the specificity of antiserums from other similar cases will have to be compared with anti-Rh(A), anti-Rh(B), anti-Rh(C), and anti-Rh(D) and shown to be different from all four, as well as anti-Rh(0), before a distinctive symbol is assigned to them.
Natural Course of Insomnia Comorbid With Cancer: An 18-Month Longitudinal Study
Authors: Josée Savard, Hans Ivers, Julie Villa, Aude Caplette-Gingras, Charles M. Morin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose This study aimed to assess the prevalence and natural course (incidence, persistence, remission, and relapse) of insomnia comorbid with cancer during an 18-month period. Patients and Methods All patients scheduled to receive a curative surgery for a first diagnosis of nonmetastatic cancer were approached on the day of their preoperative visit to participate in the study. A total of 962 patients with cancer (mixed sites) completed an insomnia diagnostic interview at the perioperative phase (T1), as well as at 2 (T2), 6 (T3) 10 (T4), 14 (T5), and 18 (T6) months after surgery. Results Findings revealed high rates of insomnia at baseline (59%), including 28% with an insomnia syndrome. The prevalence of insomnia generally declined over time but remained pervasive even at the end of the 18-month period (36%). Rates were greater in patients with breast (42% to 69%) and gynecologic (33% to 68%) cancer and lower in men with prostate cancer (25% to 39%) throughout the study. Nearly 15% of patients had a first incidence of insomnia during the study, and 19.5% experienced relapse. The evolution of symptoms varied according to sleep status. Remissions (patients becoming good sleepers) were much less likely for patients with an insomnia syndrome (10.8% to 14.9%) than for those with insomnia symptoms (42.0% to 51.3%). Most frequently (37.6%), patients with an insomnia syndrome at baseline kept that status throughout the 18-month period. Conclusion Insomnia is a frequent and enduring problem in patients with cancer, particularly at the syndrome level. Early intervention strategies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, could prevent the problem from becoming more severe and chronic.
The Engineering of Blood Sugar
Authors: Ronald A. Arky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

After man's exploration of space in the 1960's, many voices pleaded for the application of modern technology to the solution of some of the world's more common maladies. To biologic scientists it seemed inevitable that the advances in technology and instrumentation made by colleagues in the physical sciences would be employed to overcome human illnesses. Theoretically, pathologic states characterized by abnormalities in feedback systems should be especially vulnerable to intervention by mechanical instrumentation. In diabetes mellitus, the homeostatic feedback between glucose and insulin is distorted or destroyed completely. Hence, this disorder seemed a likely candidate for attack by bioengineers. And, . . .
Enhanced Duck Hepatitis B Virus Gene Expression Following Aflatoxin B Exposure
Authors: Luc Barraud, Sylviane Guerret, Michele Chevallier, Christelle Borel, Catherine Jamard, Christian Trepo, Christopher P. Wild, Lucyna Cova
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Epidemiological studies have suggested synergistic interactions between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the molecular mechanisms of their interactions are still not understood. The aim of this study was to use the Pekin duck model to investigate the impact of AFB1 exposure on duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication during the early stages of virus-carcinogen interactions. Six-week-old chronic DHBV-carrier or uninfected ducks were exposed to AFB1 for 5 weeks or treated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a control. Animals were observed for 6 to 13 weeks after AFB1 treatment to study the influence of AFB1 exposure on DHBV replication and liver pathologies. Histological analysis showed more marked changes in the livers of AFB1-treated ducks, and these were enhanced by DHBV infection. A significant increase in serum and liver DHBV DNA level was observed in AFB1-treated ducks as compared with DMSO-treated controls. In addition, viral RNAs, in particular the pregenomic RNA that is the template of viral replication, and intrahepatic DHBV DNA replicative intermediates, were significantly increased by AFB1 treatment. Moreover, an overexpression and accumulation of DHBV large envelope (L) protein was observed in the hepatocytes of AFB1-exposed animals. The in vitro study has further confirmed an increase in intracellular viral DNA and in virus release in AFB1-treated primary duck hepatocytes. Taken together, our results indicate that AFB1 exposure leads to an increase in virus gene expression associated with intrahepatic accumulation of DHBV L protein and enhanced liver pathology.
Role of phosphoinositides in the regulation of liver function
Authors: John H. Exton
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

TABLE 1. Hormones, neurotransmitters and other agents acting through Ca2+ Catecholamines (a,-adrenergic receptor) Cholecystokinin, secretin Acetylcholine (muscarinic receptor) Releasing hormones (GnRH, TRH) Vasopressin (V
Abstract P3-07-07: Incidence and survival among breast cancer patients in the United States by race and stage diagnosis: an analysis of national registry data 2000–2009
Authors: K Lang, H Huang, M Namjoshi, V Federico, J Menzin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: This study evaluated incidence and survival among breast cancer (BC) patients in the United States during 2000–2009, by race and stage at diagnosis. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program SEER*Stat Database was used for this analysis. SEER is an epidemiologic surveillance system consisting of population-based tumor registries designed to track cancer incidence and survival in the US. The registries routinely collect information on incident cancer cases in areas that represent approximately 25% of the US population. We evaluated age-adjusted (to the 2000 US standard population) incidence (number of cases per 100,000 population), and 1- and 5-year survival among newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients during 2000–2009, by cancer stage (localized, regional, distant and unknown/unstaged) and race (White, Black, Other [American Indians/Alaska Natives or Asians/Pacific Islanders]). RESULTS: A total of 543,539 cases of female BC were reported to SEER during 2000–2009, with 452,047 cases among Whites (W), 54,310 cases among Blacks (B), and 37,182 among other races (O). The overall incidence was highest for Whites (130.2 per 100,000 population), followed by Blacks (120.1) and other races (59.6–93.2). Similarly, incidence of localized BC was highest among Whites (81.1), followed by Blacks (63.0) and other races (35.4–58.7). Blacks had the highest incidence of regional (43.6 vs. 18.8–40.1), distant (9.7 vs. 3.7–6.0), and unknown stage of BC (3.8 vs. 1.6–3.0) compared to Whites and other races. Incidence of localized BC decreased slightly for Whites (average annual change −0.4%) during 2000–2009; however it increased for all other groups (1.4–1.8%). Incidence of distant BC increased for all races (W: 1.0%, B: 2.3%, O: 3.1–3.8%). Blacks had the lowest one-year and five-year survival for localized, regional and distant BC. One-year and five-year survival rates were relatively stable during 2000–2009 for regional and localized BC (annual average change: −0.6% to 0.7%), for all races. For distant BC, Blacks had least improvement during 2000–2009 in one-year survival (annual average change 0.03%, vs. 0.6% for Whites and 3.6% for other races), and decreasing five-year survival (annual average change −5.4% vs. 2.2% for Whites and 1.7% for other races). CONCLUSIONS: Based on US population-based registry data, Blacks had higher incidence of more advanced breast cancer and lower long-term survival for all stages of BC. There is considerable room to improve survival rates for patients with regional and distant BC, especially among Blacks. Further studies evaluating the survival experience of later-stage BC patients based on other key factors, such as age, socioeconomic status, treatment patterns, and tumor characteristics (e.g. ER/HER2 status) are warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-07.
Mammography Screening in Women Under Age 50 Years
Authors: Peter Greenwald
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "The Value of Mammography Screening in Women Under Age 50 Years"<sup>1</sup>concludes that breast cancer screening for women younger than age 50 years has a sufficiently low yield of identified cases of breast cancer and that women should check first with their physicians to determine if the benefits outweigh the cost in their particular case. Since the time the article was submitted to<i>JAMA</i>, the National Cancer Institute recommendations that were quoted in the article have changed. On Sept 30, 1987, the National Cancer Advisory Board accepted "Working Guidelines for Early Cancer Detection." These guidelines advise physicians to encourage their female patients to perform monthly breast self-examination; to perform clinical breast examinations on all female patients undergoing periodic examination; to encourage women between 40 and 50 years old to have a mammogram every one to two years, after which the mammogram should become
Manual of gastroenterologic procedures
Authors: D S Rampton
Journal: Gut (1988)

report by Shorrock et aP who, although observing a stimulatory effect of De-Nol in vitro, failed to detect a similar increase in HCO3 secretion in man.In Konturek's paper2 significant results were obtained with drug concentrations of at least 10 mg/ml, but in Shorrock's experiment 10 mg/ml was still an ineffective dose.We have recently treated 10 patients with endo- scopic duodenitis (but devoid of gastric abnormalities and with normal basal values of bicarbonate secretion) with De-Nol 600 mg bid for four weeks.Basal alkaline secretion was determined, by Feldman's method, before treatment and 10 hours after the last dose of the drug.No significant changes in gastric bicarbonate output was observed.A comparison of our results with Konturek's and Shorrock's findings seems to indicate that the stimulatory activity (if any) of therapeutic doses of De-Nol on gastric alkaline secretion in man is transient.Thus, as stated by Rees,4 this effect appears to have little relevance to the ulcer healing properties of colloidal bismuth.
Abstract 446: Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in myeloid lineage cells induces systemic inflammation, immunosuppression and tumorigenesis
Authors: Hong Du, Lingyan Wu, Cong Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Inflammation is a major mechanism to protect organisms from damage by responding to pathogen infection and tissue injury. However, failure to clear excessive amounts of inflammatory cells, or to control exuberant expression of pro-inflammatory molecules at the inflammatory sites can cause organ damage and cancer. Therefore, it is important to identify anti-inflammatory molecules and pathways that suppress overexpression of inflammatory molecules and eliminate excessive inflammatory cells to prevent chronic inflammation-induced cancer formation. At the cellular level, malformation and malfunction of myeloid cells contribute to inflammation and cancer formation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is an anti-inflammatory molecule. In order to study its biological function in myeloid cells, dominant negative PPARγ (dnPPARγ) was overexpressed in a myeloid-specific c-fms-rtTA/(TetO)7-CMV-dnPPARγ bitransgenic mouse model. In this bitransgenic system, overexpression of dnPPARγ-Flag fusion protein in myeloid lineage cells abnormally elevated frequencies and total numbers of LK, LSK, CMP and GMP progenitor populations in the bone marrow. DnPPARγ overexpression led to up-regulation of PPARγ downstream genes IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα in the blood plasma, which are known to stimulate development and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). As a result, CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs were systemically increased in association with activation of oncogenic intracellular signaling molecules Stat3, NF-κB, Erk1/2 and p38 in doxycycline-treated bitransgenic mice. MDSCs from doxycycline-treated bitransgenic mice strongly inhibited proliferation and function of wild type CD4+ T cells in vitro. CD4+ T cells from doxycycline-treated bitransgenic mice showed much weaker activities of proliferation and lymphokine release function. As a result, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were decreased in doxycycline-treated bitransgenic mice. The bone marrow transplantation study indicated that the myeloid autonomous defect was responsible for MDSC expansion and immunosuppression. Multiple forms of carcinoma and sarcoma in the lung, liver, spleen and lymph nodes were observed in doxycycline-treated bitransgenic mice. These studies suggest that anti-inflammatory PPARγ in myeloid lineage cells plays a key role in controlling pro-inflammatory cytokine syntheses, MDSCs expansion, immunosuppression and cancer formation. Studies outlined here will have a significant impact on how to design a strategy to combat inflammation-induced cancer and pave the way for novel immunotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 446. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-446
Association Between Apolipoprotein E ∊4 and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Adults
Authors: Hiroshi Kadotani
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Apolipoprotein E epsilon4(ApoE epsilon4) is a well-known risk factor for Alzheimer disease and cardiovascular disease. Sleep-disordered breathing occurs in Alzheimer disease patients and increases risks for cardiovascular disease. Complex interactions among sleep, brain pathology, and cardiovascular disease may occur in ApoE epsilon4 carriers.To study whether genetic variation at the level of ApoE is associated with sleep-disordered breathing or sleep abnormalities in the general population.Ongoing longitudinal cohort study of sleep disorders at a US university beginning in 1989, providing a population-based probability sample of 791 middle-aged adults (mean [SD] age, 49 [8] years; range, 32-68 years).Nocturnal polysomnography to evaluate apnea-hypopnea index.The probability of moderate-to-severe sleep-disordered breathing (apnea-hypopnea index >/=15%) was significantly higher in participants with epsilon4, independent of age, sex, body mass index, and ethnicity (12.0% vs 7.0%; P =.003). Mean (SEM) apnea-hypopnea index was also significantly higher in participants with ApoE epsilon4 (6.5 [0.6] vs 4.8 [0.3]; P =.01). These effects increased with the number of ApoE epsilon4 alleles carried.A significant portion of sleep-disordered breathing is associated with ApoE epsilon4 in the general population.
Effects of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program on lower extremity alignment, isokinetic muscle strength and electromyographic activity
Authors: T Hosokawa, K Sato, S Mitsueda, H Umehara, K Hidume, T Okada, I Kanisawa, A Tsuchiya, K Takahashi, H Sakai
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Previous studies have suggested that increased valgus knee motion and decreased hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratios can be risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ACL injury prevention program on these risk factors. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting The evaluation was performed in a rehabilitation laboratory. Participants 23 healthy females with no history of leg injuries participated in this study. They were randomly allocated to the intervention group (13 subjects) and the control group (10 subjects). Intervention An ACL injury prevention program modified from previous studies was used with the intervention group for 6 weeks. Main outcome measurements All subjects performed a drop vertical jump from a 30 cm high box at pre and post training to assess knee alignment and the knee separation distances normalised by the hip separation distances (K/H ratio). Measurements were obtained from video data and these were used as parameters. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were analyzed to assess muscle activation of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris for 50 ms immediately after initial ground contact. Isokinetic peak torque of knee extension and flexion at 60°/s were measured to calculate H/Q ratios. Results The K/H ratio and the H/Q ratio significantly increased in the intervention groups (K/H ratio: 44.7% to 56.2%; H/Q ratio: 47.8% to 51.2%; p&lt;0.05). However, there was no significant difference in EMG activity. No parameters showed significant changes in the control group. Conclusion This study suggests that the ACL injury prevention program is useful to decrease risk factors such as valgus knee motion and H/Q ratio.
Precursors to number: Equivalence relations, less-than and greater-than relations, and units
Authors: Catherine Sophian
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Infants' knowledge need not have the same structure as the mature knowledge that develops from it. Fundamental to an understanding of number are concepts of equivalence and less-than and greater-than relations. These concepts, together with the concept of unit, are posited to be the starting points for the development of numerical knowledge.
The clinical significance of circulating levels of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor in acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Konstantinos I. Kapetanios, Christos E. Pitsavos, Stamatis Kastelanos, Grigorios P. Vyssoulis, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Emanuel V. Economou, Marina G. Toutouza, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Pavlos K. Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)