tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone density in a patient with severe osteoporosis caused by anorexia nervosa
Authors: S. PATEL
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Osteoporosis is a recognised complication of anorexia nervosa, in part because of oestrogen deficiency.1 Data on the effect of oestrogen supplementation in osteoporotic patients with anorexia nervosa are limited. The effect of oestrogen supplementation on bone density in a patient with severe osteoporosis because of anorexia nervosa is reported.

The patient presented at the age of 26 years with a history of intermittent back pain and kyphosis. Her menarche was at the age of 13 years when she weighed 53 kg. At that time she developed a restrictive eating habit but continued to menstruate until the age of 19 years when she became amenorrhoeic and weighed 32 kg. Although she received psychological support her weight only improved temporarily. She remained underweight at 41 kg for the two years preceding presentation. The patient admitted to drinking minimal amounts of milk, although did have yoghurts regularly. The only exercise she did was walking as part of daily activities. There was no history of binge eating or vomiting and she denied laxative, diuretic, alcohol or drug abuse.

On examination her height was 1.57 m, weight 41 kg …
Abstract 1143: EZH2 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma initiation and progression through epigenetic silencing of FHL1
Authors: Wei Cao, Wantao Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is widely represented as a heterogeneous tumor with more aggressive phenotypes, but the basis for these characteristics remains unknown. In the current study, we show that up-regulation of the Polycomb complex histone methytransferase EZH2 is critical to maintain the malignant phenotypes in OSCC and associated significantly with oral squamous cell carcinoma development in patients with oral leukoplakia (OLP), which represents oral precancerous lesion as well as the worse prognosis of patients with locally advanced OSCC. Patients with OLP (n=76) and OSCC (n=124) from two independent cohort were included in this study. Immunohistochemical analyses on EZH2 in the two cohort revealed that the higher EZH2 levels were strongly associated with dysplasia (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and OSCC development (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) in patients with OLP, as well as worse overall survival (P = 0.001) and disease free survival (P = 0.002) in patients with locally advanced OSCC. Furthermore, upon EZH2 silencing by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown, the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and invasion potential of OLP cell line and OSCC cell lines were remarkably suppressed. Available publicly H3K27 modifications based on CpG array and three public microarray datasets (GEO) analyses identified human four-and-half LIM protein 1(FHL1) as a novel candidate target of EZH2 in OSCC. Further depletion of EZH2 by RNA interference (RNAi), the expression of FHL1 was notably restored in OLP and OSCC cell lines. In addition, ablation of FHL1 by RNA interference promoted significantly proliferation and invasion potential of OSCC cells. Together, our findings indicate that aberrantly elevated EZH2 promotes aggressive phenotypes of OLP and OSCC cells and plays a critical role in initiation and progression of OSCC. meanwhile, FHL1 may be a novel target of EZH2 for transcriptional repression in OSCC initiation and progression. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30973343), Projects of the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (Grant No. 08JC1414400 and 10XD1402500) and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (S30206). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1143. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1143
Abstract 4487: OSI-027, a potent and selective small molecule mTORC1/mTORC2 kinase inhibitor is mechanistically distinct from rapamycin
Authors: Shripad V. Bhagwat, Andrew P. Crew, Praful C. Gokhale, Yan Yao, Jennifer Kahler, David M. Epstein, Robert Wild, Jonathan A. Pachter
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in many human cancers and mTOR has been clinically validated as an effective anti-cancer target by rapamycin analogs such as CCI-779, RAD001 and AP23573. We discovered OSI-027, a potent and selective small molecule mTOR kinase inhibitor that inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2 unlike rapamycin and its analogs that inhibit only mTORC1. We profiled several human cancer cell lines to compare the mechanistic and functional effects of rapamycin and OSI-027. Rapamycin completely inhibited phosphorylation of S6 (surrogate for S6K1) and only partially inhibited phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 while OSI-027 completely inhibited phosphorylation of both S6 and 4E-BP1. Furthermore, rapamycin only decreased phosphorylation of AKT (S473) in 13% of cell lines and increased phosphorylation of AKT (S473) in 62% of cell lines after 24h treatment. In contrast, OSI-027 significantly reduced phospho-AKT (S473) in all cell lines tested. OSI-027 showed broad-spectrum anti-proliferative activity against both rapamycin-sensitive and -insensitive cell lines. Rapamycin only induced apoptosis in a small subset of tumor cell lines whereas OSI-027 induced apoptosis in the majority of tumor cell lines tested. These in vitro advantages of OSI-027 relative to rapamycin translated to greater tumor growth inhibition in xenograft models in vivo. These results demonstrate that OSI-027, a dual mTORC1/mTORC2 kinase inhibitor provides superior activity across a broad range of preclinical cancer models compared to rapamycin. Accordingly, OSI-027 has been advanced into Phase I clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4487.
Peripheral vascular endothelial function predicts exercise capacity in cardiac transplant recipients
Authors: Ayan R. Patel, Jeffrey T. Kuvin, David DeNofrio, Debra Kinan, Kathleen A. Sliney, Kalyani P. Eranki, Nalesa G. Pandian, James E. Udelson, Marvin A. Konstam, Richard H. Karas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Thrombophlebitis of the External Jugular Vein
Authors: Joseph J Bahuth
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  A case of spontaneous thrombophlebitis of the left external jugular vein appeared as an acute swelling in the posterior triangle of the neck. No cause was established.  Report of a Case.—  A 69-year-old white woman first noticed a tender red and swollen area on the left side of her neck on March 18, 1967, while creaming her face. Within half an hour, the mass doubled in size. There was no history of trauma, oral or pharyngeal infection, tooth extraction, venipuncture or thrombophlebitis in other locations. Although superficial varicosities of the lower extremities had been present for many years, she never had thrombophlebitis, superficial or deep.  The soft tender mass in the posterior triangle measured about 2×3 cm, and the overlying skin was red. A cord could be palpated from the mass to the angle of the mandible, corresponding to the course of the external jugular vein. No
Correction to the 2010 Report on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Having been a member of the 1997 Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1), I wish to correct an error in the 2010 report on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus (2), published in the January 2010 supplement to Diabetes Care . The report states (page S67, first column, third paragraph) that the 1997 Expert Committee lowered the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration diagnostic criterion for diabetes from ≥140 mg/dl to ≥126 mg/dl “using the observed association between FPG levels and presence of retinopathy as …
Direct killing of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–infected B cells by CD4 T cells directed against the EBV lytic protein BHRF1
Authors: Elise Landais, Xavier Saulquin, Emmanuel Scotet, Lydie Trautmann, Marie-Alix Peyrat, John L. Yates, William W. Kwok, Marc Bonneville, Elisabeth Houssaint
Journal: Blood (2003)
Chronic thyrotoxic myopathy
Authors: W. M. Priest
Journal: BMJ (1967)

methohexitone methods' no immediate or late complications occurred, and in 2,000 of these the treatment lasted for one to two and even more hours.The technique is described in a film.8A Scottish dental school has recently proposed a diploma course in dental anaesthesia.While one must deplore the creation of too many " splinter " diplomas, the suggestion in this case is worth serious consideration, particularly if the course provides adequate training in the newer intravenous techniques.-I am, ete.,
Staging of Biliary Carcinoma: Cholangiography and Cholangioscopy
Authors: Y. Nimura
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Tumors of the biliary tract can usually be diagnosed by conventional cholangiography, either via endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). However, these procedures do not precisely delineate the segmental anatomy of the intrahepatic bile duct and the extent of cancer spread into the bile duct wall. Since 1975, we have been using selective cholangiography via percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and with the aid of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) to achieve accurate preoperative diagnosis of tumor extension. PTBD was performed in 501 malignant cases, with 295 of them undergoing PTCS; high-quality cholangiograms were obtained in all cases. PTCS offers the additional diagnostic advantage of taking biopsies for the preoperative diagnosis and staging of biliary tract cancer. The morbidity and mortality rates of PTBD and PTCS were 9 % and 0 %, respectively.
Selective Pharmacological Agents Implicate Mitochondrial but Not Sarcolemmal K <sub>ATP</sub> Channels in Ischemic Cardioprotection
Authors: Toshiaki Sato, Norihito Sasaki, Jegatheesan Seharaseyon, Brian O’Rourke, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Pharmacological evidence has implicated ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels as the effectors of cardioprotection, but the relative roles of mitochondrial (mitoK ATP ) and sarcolemmal (surfaceK ATP ) channels remain controversial. Methods and Results —We examined the effects of the K ATP channel blocker HMR1098 and the K ATP channel opener P-1075 on surfaceK ATP and mitoK ATP channels in rabbit ventricular myocytes. HMR1098 (30 μmol/L) inhibited the surfaceK ATP current activated by metabolic inhibition, whereas the drug did not blunt diazoxide (100 μmol/L)-induced flavoprotein oxidation, an index of mitoK ATP channel activity. P-1075 (30 μmol/L) did not increase flavoprotein oxidation but did elicit a robust surfaceK ATP current that was completely inhibited by HMR1098. These results indicate that HMR1098 selectively inhibits surfaceK ATP channels, whereas P-1075 selectively activates surface K ATP channels. In a cellular model of simulated ischemia, the mitoK ATP channel opener diazoxide (100 μmol/L), but not P-1075, blunted cellular injury. The cardioprotection afforded by diazoxide or by preconditioning was prevented by the mitoK ATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (500 μmol/L) but not by the surfaceK ATP channel blocker HMR1098 (30 μmol/L). Conclusions —The cellular effects of mitochondria- or surface-selective agents provide further support for the emerging consensus that mitoK ATP channels rather than surfaceK ATP channels are the likely effectors of cardioprotection.
Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) induced chronic hepatitis
Authors: P Deltenre, A Berson, P Marcellin, C Degott, M Biour, D Pessayre
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Treatment of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease with sulphasalazine causes several adverse effects, including hepatitis. Sulphasalazine is cleaved by colonic bacteria into 5-aminosalicylic acid and sulphapyridine. Received wisdom was that 5-aminosalicylic acid was topically active, whereas sulphapyridine was absorbed and caused immunoallergic side effects. Mesalazine, a slow release formulation of 5-aminosalicylic acid, was expected to be a safe alternative. However, several cases of acute hepatitis have been reported. CASE REPORT A 65 year old man had increased liver enzymes, anti-nuclear and anti-smooth muscle autoantibodies and IgG levels, and lesions of chronic hepatitis after 21 months of mesalazine treatment. Although liver dysfunction had been identified eight months earlier, simvastatin rather than mesalazine had been withdrawn, without any improvement. In contrast, liver enzyme and IgG levels became normal and autoantibodies disappeared after discontinuation of mesalazine administration. CONCLUSION Contrary to initial expectations, mesalazine can cause most of the sulphasalazine induced adverse effects, and hepatic side effects may be almost as frequent. When liver dysfunction occurs, mesalazine administration should be discontinued to avoid the development of chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis.
"Disposition" and the Specific Allergen in Asthma, etc
Authors: E. M. Fraenkel
Journal: BMJ (1937)

Concluding RemarksIn conclusion I should just like to say a word regarding those who do not require to consider every penny spent on food.Faulty dieting is not uncommon among this class, where appetite is, as a rule, the sole dictator of intake.It is true that certain workers have stressed following the dictates of appetite, but it is very difficult to say whether this is always a sound line or no in the human being.There is ample evidence that it is an effective guide in the case of certain animals like pigs, dogs, and rats, which are not pampered and are given a free choice in the selection of their food.There is no question about the fact that apparently perfectly normal human beings exhibit wide variances in their food pre- ferences, based often, I believe, on real but probably more often on imaginary needs.Again I emphasize the point that in this question of food the problem is frequently as much psychological as physiological." Better a dinner of herbs, where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith" is very sound doctrine.The great danger is that people develop a pathological interest in food, that they become food-conscious due to the superfluity of ill-advised chit-chat concerning the virtues or evils of this or that article of diet.It is infinitely more profitable to follow the advice, "Eat all kind Nature doth bestow;It will amalgamate below If the mind says it shall be so.But if you once begin to doubt The gastric juice will find it out."
Microbial Drug Resistance
Authors: William W. McCloskey
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The stated intention of<i>Microbial Drug Resistance</i>is to be "an international journal that provides a multi-disciplinary forum for peer reviewed original papers as well as topical reviews and special reports." It focuses primarily upon "the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogens and resistance genes, and the challenges they present to a wide range of disciplines." Boasting an international editorial board principally comprised of researchers with a small representation of clinicians, this journal appears to be only partially fulfilling its goals. Most studies published in the first four issues have focused on in vitro research in microbial resistance and identification of genes associated with this resistance. These articles generally represent high-quality communications in both content and presentation, are well-referenced, and contain good graphics. Yet, the extremely narrow focus of the subject matter would seem to preclude a readership far beyond those involved in basic microbial research. Most clinicians would
Implantation of Breast Cancer in a Transplanted Nipple: A Plea for Preoperative Screening
Authors: R. L. Cucin, J. P. Gaston
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1981)

A 45-year-old, white woman, following mastectomy for a large inflammatory car cinoma of the left breast with multiple in volved nodes, had her nipple body-banked in her left groin.She subsequently devel oped locally recurrent breast carcinoma in the areola of the transplanted nipple with metastases to the groin nodes, for which she received a radical groin dissec tion.Clinical and pathologic criteria for screening the nipples to be preserved are reviewed, and a plea is made for employ ing similarly stringent screens to eliminate future cases such as this.
Experimental Hematology Today 1981
Authors: Mehdi Tavassoli
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This volume represents a new "genre" in scientific publication: an investigative journal in the guise of a book; for there is little, apart from the hard cover, to distinguish this volume from an issue of<i>Experimental Hematology</i>or other investigative journals such as the<i>Journal of Clinical Investigation</i>. The volume contains 26 papers (by 104 authors), all purely investigative in both format and content. The genre has multiplied in recent years, apparently through the intensification of the "publish or perish" dictum. The content is the editors' selection of some of the papers presented at the ninth annual meeting of the International Society for Experimental Hematology held in Dallas in 1980. The bases for selection are not clear. Similar selections from previous meetings of the society, bearing the same title, have been published during the past few years. The papers are divided into six parts: a presidential symposium without a theme,
Clinical Efficacy of Levofloxacin in Elderly Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: A. Sato, H. Ogawa, M. Iwata, T. Ono, K. Yasuda, M. Nagayama, T. Shirai, M. Shirai, M. Ida, T. Suda, H. Kitazawa, T. Yamada, S. Imokawa, M. Suzuki
Journal: Drugs (1995)
Correlation of postmortem anatomic findings with electrocardiographic changes in patients with myocardial infarction: retrospective study of patients with typical anterior and posterior infarcts.
Authors: R M Savage, G S Wagner, R E Ideker, S A Podolsky, D B Hackel
Journal: Circulation (1977)

This retrospective study correlates electrocardiographic and histopathologic findings in 24 patients with single well-circumscribed infarcts to determine 1) whether ECG terms commonly used to describe the location of myocardial infarcts are significant, and 2) whether the extent of infarct can be determined using QRS characteristics. Transverse sections of the hearts were photographed. Based on histologic sections, the infarct was outlined on the photograph and each section was planimetered via a sonic digitizer into a computer that was programmed to divide the left ventricle into 8 radial sectors and also into basal, mesial, and apical thirds. The percentage of infarct in each of these areas was then calculated. Of the 24 hearts evaluated 12 had posterior infarcts and 12 had anterior infarcts. Posterior infarcts principally involved the basal and mesial levels, whereas the anterior infarcts were more extensive in the apical and mesial thirds, with relative or total sparing of the base. Posterior infarcts were associated with Q waves in leads II, III and aVF in 11 instances. The other posterior infarct was associated with markedly diminished R waves in leads II, III and aVf in the presence of a horizontal axis. All anterior infarcts were associated with Q waves or markedly diminished R waves in the right precordial leads. Eight of the anterior infarcts exhibited circumferential apical involvement and all eight were associated with Q waves or markedly diminished R waves in the left precordial leads. This study documents the electrocardiographic identification of anterior, posterior, and apical infarcts by correlation with pathologic anatomy.
Coronary Perfusion Pressure in CPR-Reply
Authors: Norman Paradis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr McNeill seems to have misunderstood a number of important aspects of our study. We did not recommend measurement of the aortic-to— right atrial gradient (Ao-RA) in cardiac arrest patients simply as a means to predict outcome, but as a guide to therapy and a standard for future research. We emphasized that measurement of this gradient may allow optimization of standard therapies and "provide a rational basis for use of" alternative, potentially more effective techniques. The study was undertaken in a basic emergency medical services system specifically because of the minimal differential risk in these patients.<sup>1</sup>The absence of long-term survivors was expected in light of the study population. That "our sample does not represent the typical population of patients with cardiac arrest" is explicitly stated, as is a warning against applying these results to patients with short arrest times. Since the ramifications of these factors are
Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Compartments
Authors: Caroline S. Fox, Joseph M. Massaro, Udo Hoffmann, Karla M. Pou, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Chun-Yu Liu, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Joanne M. Murabito, James B. Meigs, L. Adrienne Cupples, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Christopher J. O’Donnell
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) compartments may confer increased metabolic risk. The incremental utility of measuring both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) in association with metabolic risk factors and underlying heritability has not been well described in a population-based setting.Participants (n=3001) were drawn from the Framingham Heart Study (48% women; mean age, 50 years), were free of clinical cardiovascular disease, and underwent multidetector computed tomography assessment of SAT and VAT volumes between 2002 and 2005. Metabolic risk factors were examined in relation to increments of SAT and VAT after multivariable adjustment. Heritability was calculated using variance-components analysis. Among both women and men, SAT and VAT were significantly associated with blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and with increased odds of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (P range < 0.01). In women, relations between VAT and risk factors were consistently stronger than in men. However, VAT was more strongly correlated with most metabolic risk factors than was SAT. For example, among women and men, both SAT and VAT were associated with increased odds of metabolic syndrome. In women, the odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome per 1-standard deviation increase in VAT (OR, 4.7) was stronger than that for SAT (OR, 3.0; P for difference between SAT and VAT < 0.0001); similar differences were noted for men (OR for VAT, 4.2; OR for SAT, 2.5). Furthermore, VAT but not SAT contributed significantly to risk factor variation after adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference (P < or = 0.01). Among overweight and obese individuals, the prevalence of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, and metabolic syndrome increased linearly and significantly across increasing VAT quartiles. Heritability values for SAT and VAT were 57% and 36%, respectively.Although both SAT and VAT are correlated with metabolic risk factors, VAT remains more strongly associated with an adverse metabolic risk profile even after accounting for standard anthropometric indexes. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized role of visceral fat as a unique, pathogenic fat depot. Measurement of VAT may provide a more complete understanding of metabolic risk associated with variation in fat distribution.