tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disparity between ejection and end-systolic indexes of left ventricular contractility in mitral regurgitation.
Authors: B Berko, W H Gaasch, N Tanigawa, D Smith, E Craige
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To examine left ventricular function in mitral regurgitation (MR), we compared the ejection phase indexes of left ventricular contractility with maximal systolic elastance (Emax) in an experimental preparation of MR. In eight anesthetized open-chest dogs, pressure-volume loops were derived during afterload manipulation with methoxamine and nitroprusside from simultaneous left ventricular pressure and dimensional (sonomicrometry techniques) data before and after creation of MR. From these data maximal systolic elastance (Emax), the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), and the end-systolic stress-volume relationship (ESSVR) were determined by linear regression analysis. After creation of MR, end-diastolic volume increased significantly (40 +/- 13 to 53 +/- 18 ml, p less than .001); likewise end-systolic volume increased (28 +/- 11 to 33 +/- 15 ml, p less than .05). Ejection fraction increased after MR (35 +/- 6% to 44 +/- 8%, p less than .005), as did the mean velocity of fiber shortening (0.62 +/- 0.20 to 1.02 +/- 0.39 sec-1, p less than .02). In contrast, Emax declined significantly (4.63 +/- 2.5 to 3.54 +/- 1.94 mm Hg/ml, p less than .05); ESPVR and ESSVR showed similar directional changes. An inverse relationship was found between systolic elastance and end-diastolic volume in both control and MR states. When Emax, ESPVR, and ESSVR were normalized to end-diastolic volume, they were unchanged after MR. These results suggest that either there was a decline in left ventricular contractile state after MR, or that contractility was unchanged (if elastance is normalized for increased contractility, but occurred as a consequence of increased preload with no significant change in afterload.
Expression of Opioid Receptors During Heart Ontogeny in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Reuven Zimlichman, Dov Gefel, Heskel Eliahou, Zipora Matas, Boaz Rosen, Svetlana Gass, Catherine Ela, Yael Eilam, Zvi Vogel, Jacob Barg
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The opioidergic systems are involved in modulating nociceptive stimuli. In addition, the recent results suggest that endogenous and exogenous opioids could play a role in the modulation of blood pressure and cardiac functions. However, little is known regarding the expression and role of opioid-binding sites in the heart. The decreased sensitivity to noxious stimuli in hypertensive rats raises the possibility of different developmental pattern expression of opioid-binding sites in normotensive versus hypertensive rats.Opioid receptor expression in hearts from hypertensive and normotensive rats was studied during heart development by binding assays. From P1 until P90, the development of the heart in the two rat strains was accompanied by a gradual increase in the density of kappa-opioid receptors. Hearts from hypertensive rats expressed significantly higher levels of kappa receptors compared with those of normotensive rats. At ages older than P7, mu-opioid receptors could not be detected in hearts of both strains, whereas delta-opioid-binding sites gradually increased until reaching adult levels. Seven-day-old cardiomyocyte cultures of both rat strains expressed similar densities of delta or kappa receptors to those observed in hearts from 7-day-old neonates. The mu-binding sites were not detected in cardiomyocytes cultures. Similar to the in vivo state, cultured myocytes from hypertensive rats had significantly higher levels of kappa-binding sites (1.5 fold) compared with those of normotensive rats. The kappa sites are pertussis toxin sensitive, and the state of coupling of the receptor to G protein is similar for the two rat strains.The role of opioid-binding sites in the heart is not completely clear. Hypertensive rats are known to be less sensitive to noxious stimuli compared with normotensive rats. It is controversial whether the site if application of noxious stimuli plays an important role in the sensitivity to pain in hypertensive rats. We suggest that the opioidergic system could play a role in the modulation of blood pressure in addition to its known effect on nociception.
Oxytocin Restores Sociability in a Mouse Model of Autism
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

New research indicates that oxytocin, a neuropeptide associated with the development of social bonds, can markedly improve social behavior in a validated knockout mouse model of a monogenic form of autism spectrum disorder (Peñagarikano O et al. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7[271]:271ra8).
Peranal Dilatation of a Postsurgical Colonic Stenosis by Means of a Flexible Endoscope
Authors: E. Thies, V. Lange, W.D. Miersch
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

Colonic stenosis following resection and end-to-end-anastomosis of the colon is observed in 2-5% of all patients. The authors report that a patient with repeated episodes of colonic stenosis after resection of the sigmoid was successfully treated with an Eder-Puestow dilatator by means of a flexible endoscope.
Molecular classification of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using patterns of gene expression
Authors: Christine H Chung, Joel S Parker, Gamze Karaca, Junyuan Wu, William K Funkhouser, Dominic Moore, Dale Butterfoss, Dong Xiang, Adam Zanation, Xiaoying Yin, William W Shockley, Mark C Weissler, Lynn G Dressler, Carol G Shores, Wendell G Yarbrough, Charles M Perou
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Smoking Cessation and Risk of Age-Related Cataract in Men
Authors: W G Christen, R J Glynn, U A Ajani, D A Schaumberg, J E Buring, C H Hennekens, J E Manson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Although cigarette smoking has been shown to be a risk factor for age-related cataract, data are inconclusive on the risk of cataract in individuals who quit smoking.To examine the association between smoking cessation and incidence of age-related cataract.Prospective cohort study conducted from 1982 through 1997, with an average follow-up of 13.6 years.A total of 20,907 US male physicians participating in the Physicians' Health Study I who did not have a diagnosis of age-related cataract at baseline and had reported their level of smoking at baseline.Incident age-related cataract defined as self-report confirmed by medical record review, diagnosed after study randomization and responsible for vision loss to 20/30 or worse, and surgical extraction of incident age-related cataract, in relation to smoking status and years since quitting smoking.At baseline, 11% were current smokers, 39% were past smokers, and 50% were never smokers. Average reported cumulative dose of smoking at baseline was approximately 2-fold greater in current than in past smokers (35.8 vs 20.5 pack-years). Two thousand seventy-four incident cases of age-related cataract and 1193 cataract extractions were confirmed during follow-up. Compared with current smokers, multivariate relative risks (RRs) of cataract in past smokers who quit smoking fewer than 10 years, 10 to fewer than 20 years, and 20 or more years before the study were 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.98), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.61-0.88), and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.87), respectively, after adjustment for other risk factors for cataract and age at smoking inception. The RR for never smokers was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.54-0.76). The reduced risk in past smokers was principally due to a lower total cumulative dose (RR of cataract for increase of 10 pack-years of smoking, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.10). A benefit of stopping smoking independent of cumulative dose was suggested in some analyses. Results for cataract extraction were similar.These prospective data indicate that while some smoking-related damage to the lens may be reversible, smoking cessation reduces the risk of cataract primarily by limiting total dose-related damage to the lens. JAMA. 2000;284:713-716
R-Cadherin Expression Inhibits Myogenesis and Induces Myoblast Transformation via Rac1 GTPase
Authors: Jérôme Kucharczak, Sophie Charrasse, Franck Comunale, Jacques Zappulla, Bruno Robert, Isabelle Teulon-Navarro, André Pèlegrin, Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Cadherins are transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate Ca2+-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion and play a crucial role in proliferation, differentiation, and cell transformation. The goal of this study was to understand why R-cadherin is found in rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), tumors of skeletal muscle origin, whereas it is absent in normal myoblasts. We show that R-cadherin expression in C2C12 myoblasts causes inhibition of myogenesis induction and impairment of cell cycle exit when cells are cultured in differentiation medium. Furthermore, R-cadherin expression elicits myoblast transformation, as shown by anchorage-independent growth in soft agar in vivo tumor formation assays and increased cell motility. In contrast, inhibition of R-cadherin expression using RNA interference hinders growth of RD cell line in soft agar and its tumorigenicity in mice. The analysis of the nature of R-cadherin–mediated signals shows that R-cadherin–dependent adhesion increases Rac1 activity. Dominant-negative forms of Rac1 inhibit R-cadherin–mediated signaling and transformation. In addition, expression of R-cadherin results in perturbed function of endogenous N-cadherin and M-cadherin. Together, these data suggest that R-cadherin expression inhibits myogenesis and induces myoblast transformation through Rac1 activation. Therefore, the properties of R-cadherin make it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in RMS. [Cancer Res 2008;68(16):6559–68]
SULFONAMIDES IN DERMATOLOGY*
Authors: DONALD M. PILLSBURY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1944)

Journal Article SULFONAMIDES IN DERMATOLOGY Get access DONALD M. PILLSBURY DONALD M. PILLSBURY Lt.‐Col., Medical Corps, Army of the United States; Senior Consultant in Dermatology, Office of the Chief Surgeon, European Theater of Operations Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 56, Issue 3-4, 1 March 1944, Pages 68–80, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1944.tb10819.x Published: 01 March 1944
CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROVOCATION TEST IN VASOSPASTIC ANGINA PRESENTED WITH SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH OR SYNCOPE
Authors: Myung-Hyun Kim, Hye Jin Hwang, Jaemin Shim, Jae-Sun Uhm, Boyoung Joung, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Engineering Terms in Joint Disease
Authors: Roy E. Brackin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Pentecost, Murray, and Brindley are correct in their explanation of the mechanisms of "stress" fractures ("Fatigue, Insufficiency, and Pathologic Fractures,"<i>JAMA</i><b>187:</b>1001 [March 28] 1964). Engineering terms can also be used to describe subaudible musculoskeletal sound. The knee joint, while in passive motion, generates<i>compound wave forms,</i>as is shown when this acoustic energy is converted to electric energy and recorded. Under certain circumstances, the knee joint at rest generates a<i>wave motion as a pure sinusoidal wave of simple harmonic motion</i>of 28 or 29 cycles per second. These vibrations are recovered from normal knees as periodic vibrations of the menisci<i>vibrating as a system</i>. Under conditions of injury or disease of the menisci this<i>sine wave</i>is absent or distorted because the meniscus<i>vibrates in parts</i>. The<i>natural frequencies</i>of the menisci are 28 cps medially and 29 cps laterally. Their<i>voltage output</i>varies
Lymphoscintigraphic Demonstration of Chylous Leak After Axillary Lymph Node Dissection
Authors: Ayman S. Abdelrazeq
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Chyle leak is a potentially serious complication resulting from violation of the thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, or one of their terminal branches. It may impair nutrition and immunity, compromise and delay wound healing, prolong hospitalization, and delay adjuvant therapy. After surgery for breast carcinoma, this is a rare occurrence. Here, the author describes a novel application of lymphoscintigraphy showing thoracic duct injury after a wide excision and axillary clearance.
Risk-Taking Behaviors in Adolescence
Authors: Donald E. Greydanus
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The biopsychosocial phenomenon of adolescent substance use is of major importance to all health care professionals. As suggested by the excellent study of Robinson et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journaladolescent substance use should be viewed within the larger perspective of adolescent risktaking behaviors.<sup>2</sup>Much of adolescent behavior consists of experimenting with a variety of activities, many potentially perilous, including sex, substance use, and violence. But to understand and find solutions to the risk-taking behavior of youth, we have to understand adolescence in today's culture. To be an adolescent today is difficult. Pregnancy, incest, sexual abuse, rape, suicide, homicide, prostitution, and other devastating problems are all integral facts of life. Sexual experimentation, for example, often has tragic results as adolescents tend to show little insight into the consequences of their actions. Millions of cases of sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancies are reported annually in teenagers. Adolescent
Breast feeding does not protect against atopy
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Breast feeding does not protect children against atopy and may even increase the risk, suggests a long term study.

The study monitored 1037 children from a cohort of 1139 born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1972 and March 1973. They were assessed every two to five years with respiratory questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, bronchial challenge, and allergy skin tests. History of breast feeding was independently recorded in early childhood.

The results showed that 49% of the children were breast fed for four weeks or longer. Breastfed …
Back pain and sickness absence [Proceedings].
Authors: J A Anderson, B J Sweetman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

At a joint meeting with the Spanish Society of Rheumatology held at Madrid on October 3-4, 1975, the following papers were given.Chondrocalcinosis after parathyroidectomy.J. S. Glass and R. Grahame (Guy's Hospital, London) The one form of chondrocalcinosis that is in theory potentially reversible is that associated with hyperparathyroidism.In the present study the influence of parathyroidectomy has been assessed on the chondro- calcinosis and its clinical sequelae.57 patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism and who underwent parathyroidectomy between 1952 and 1974 were reviewed.Chondrocalcinosis was deemed to be present at some time in 14 (40%) out of the 35 patients in whom x-rays were available.Meaningful comparisons of patients' symptoms and x-ray changes before and after operation were possible in 30 and 11 patients, respectively.Contrary to expectation patients did not improve either clinically or radiologically.Evidence was given (including composite slide showing serial x-ray changes) that in several patients chondrocalcinosis progresses after parathyroidectomy, and in a few makes its first appearance years after the operation.
Molecular analysis of the APC gene in Sicilian patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (F.A.P.)
Authors: Angela Russo, Vito Emanuele Catania, Andrea Cavallaro, Bartolomea Ficili, Eleonora Lanteri, Paolo Tralongo, Alessandro Cappellani, Corrado Randazzo, Fernando Cammisuli, Roberto Madeddu, Vincenzo Trichilo, Massimo Libra, Salvatore Travali
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Preliminary report on the use of desferrioxamine in the treatment of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria
Authors: Ousmane Traore, Pierre Carnevale, Lazar Kaptue‐Noche, Joseph M'Bede, Michel Desfontaine, Jacques Elion, Dominique Labie, Ronald L. Nagel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract The administration of 0.5 g (IM) of desferrioxamine every 12 hr for 3 days with 25 mg/kg (total dose for three days) of chloroquine abated the parasitemia of Plasmodium falciparum infected individuals more rapidly than chloroquine alone. Two patients with in vitro evidence of total or partial resistance to chloroquine also were successfully treated with the combination of drugs, and were free of parasitized red cells by day 7. Further clinical trials and development of desferrioxamine in the treatment of P. falciparum are warranted.
US makes little progress in reducing hospital infections, report says
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Genetic variability in sexually reproducing organisms results from an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. The genetic exchange mechanism is dependent on the synaptonemal complex (SC), a protein structure localized between the homologous chromosomes. Current structural models of the SC are based on electron microscopy, super resolution, and expansion microscopy studies using chemical fixatives and sample dehydration of gonads, which are methodologies known to produce structural artifacts. We have developed a novel electron microscopy sample-preparation approach where pachytene cells are isolated from mouse testis by FACS, followed by cryo-fixation and cryo-substitution to achieve visualization of a close-to-native structure of the SC. We found that the central region of the SC was wider than previously recognized, and the transverse filaments more densely packed in the central region. Furthermore, we identified a structure nucleating the central element of the SC.
Leveraging Metabolomics to Assess the Next Generation of Temozolomide-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastomas
Authors: Patrick-Denis St-Coeur, Mohamed Touaibia, Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf, Pier Jr Morin
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult primary tumor of the central nervous system. The current standard of care for glioblastoma patients involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. Several mechanisms underlying the inherent and acquired temozolomide resistance have been identified and contribute to treatment failure. Early identification of temozolomide-resistant GBM patients and improvement of the therapeutic strategies available to treat this malignancy are of uttermost importance. This review initially looks at the molecular pathways underlying GBM formation and development with a particular emphasis placed on recent therapeutic advances made in the field. Our focus will next be directed toward the molecular mechanisms modulating temozolomide resistance in GBM patients and the strategies envisioned to circumvent this resistance. Finally, we highlight the diagnostic and prognostic value of metabolomics in cancers and assess its potential usefulness in improving the current standard of care for GBM patients.
Lobbying Efforts Questioned
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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EWTD: incompatible with subspecialty training?
Authors: E. Giles, R. Hansen, A. R. Barclay, A. Burtt, P. B. Sullivan, R. M. Beattie
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Historically, the RCPCH College Specialty Advisory Committee (CSAC) recommends that trainees in Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (PGHAN) spend at least 70% of working hours in that subspecialty. Since changes due to the European Working Time Directive (EWTD), there has been an increasing perception from both trainees and trainers that there is insufficient time spent within the subspecialty. Our aim was to quantify the proportion of PGHAN trainees fulfilling RCPCH recommendations of time spent in subspecialty and to assess the impact of the EWTD on this and other aspects of training. <h3>Methods</h3> A survey of current trainees at the British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) annual meeting in January 2010, followed up by email to increase response rate. The 13 trainees working on the national grid between January and June 2010 were surveyed. As a comparator, 14 consultants who completed training in PGHAN 2006–2009 were also emailed with an adjusted survey regarding their final year of training. <h3>Results</h3> 12/13 trainees and 7/14 new consultants responded. 3 trainees were still working on rotas &gt;48 h per week. All consultants stated having worked between 54 and 60 h per week. Only 4 trainees replied they were spending &gt;70% of their contracted hours on subspecialty training, and 1 replied '40–49%'. 6/7 consultants stated that they had spent &gt;70% of time in their subspecialty (p&lt;0.05 compared with current trainees, Rank Sum, Sigma Stat 3.5). 9/13 trainee respondents stated that they were spending &gt;70% of hours at work between 9 am and 5 pm. Asked about attendance at endoscopy lists, 1 trainee replied '&gt;70%', whereas 3 replied '&lt;40%'. When asked whether they felt it necessary to work out of contracted hours for training, there were 9 responses from trainees. Of these, 1 was 'never', 4 'occasionally' and 4 'often'. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The majority of trainees are no longer receiving the subspecialty training hours recommended by RCPCH, significantly different to a few years ago. Given that most PGHAN trainees seem to be working &gt;70% during 9 am–5 pm, it seems that many trainees are working outside of their subspecialty within normal working hours. The majority are training outside of contracted hours, presumably on restricted access training opportunities such as endoscopy. These results are subject to substantial bias but demonstrate a challenge in training paediatric gastroenterologists. Inadequacy of subspecialty training may jeopardise a centre9s status as an accredited training unit and a trainee9s ability to obtain CCT. While this is a survey of PGHAN, these challenges face all medical and surgical specialties.