tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty immediately after intracoronary streptolysis of transmural myocardial infarction.
Authors: J Meyer, W Merx, H Schmitz, R Erbel, T Kiesslich, R Dörr, H Lambertz, C Bethge, W Krebs, P Bardos, C Minale, B J Messmer, S Effert
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in 21 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated by intracoronary infusion of streptokinase within 8 hours after the onset of symptoms. Streptolysis therapy began a mean of 3.6 +/- 1.2 hours (+/- SD) after the onset of symptoms. The vessel was occluded in 14 patients and highly stenosed in seven. After the infusion of 67,300 +/- 63,200 IU of streptokinase over 26.1 +/- 21.5 minutes, patency of the occluded vessels was reached. PTCA as performed 20-60 minutes after the end of streptokinase treatment in 19 patients and 24 and 31 hours after treatment in two patients. The dilation was successful in 17 patients (81%). The degree of vessel obstruction was reduced from 90.2 +/- 7.3% to 58.6 +/- 19.5% (area method) and from 71.4 +/- 12.4% to 39.2 +/- 19.7% (diameter method). The improvement was 31.5 +/- 18.4% and 32.2 +/- 19.3%, respectively. No reocclusion was induced by PTCA. Twenty patients were discharged. One died during hospitalization; at autopsy, the treated vessel was still patent. During the follow-up period, two reinfarctions and one asymptomatic reocclusion occurred. The clinical findings during the hospital course and the follow-up period were compared with those of a control group of 18 patients with AMI and comparable coronary stenoses who were treated only with streptokinase infusion. Four of these patients had a reinfarction during the hospital course, and three died during the follow-up period. PTCA can be performed safely and successfully immediately after intracoronary infusion of streptokinase in patients with AMI. By reducing the subtotal stenosis, this treatment contributes to the reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium, diminishes the risk of a reocclusion and seems to improve the prognosis.
Assessment of left ventricular contractility from late systolic stress-volume relations.
Authors: H Pouleur, M F Rousseau, C van Eyll, H Van Mechelen, L A Brasseur, A A Charlier
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The aim of the study was to determine if the end-systolic stress-end-systolic volume relation of the left ventricle (i.e., its tension-length relation) could be estimated from the analysis of a single yen- triculogram.For that purpose, the left ventricular (LV) wall stress and volume were computed frame by frame in 35 patients (15 controls, 11 patients with valvular disease, six with coronary artery disease and three with congestive cardiomyopathy).In all patients, a linear relation was observed between LV wall stress and volume during approximately the last two-thirds of ejection.Under basal conditions, the duration of this linear rela- tion ranged from 100-260 msec (mean 155 msec; mean r = 0.97) with a positive slope (range 3.0-9.3kdyn/cm'/m' in controls) and a negative volume intercept.During a positive inotropic intervention (atrial pac- ing at 120 beats/min) that increased peak positive dP/dt by 24% (p < 0.0002), the slope of this linear relation also increased by 24% (p < 0.0025), but ejection fraction was unchanged.Further studies in animals indicated that this slope was insignificantly affected by changes in LV afterload within a range of 70-200% of the control values.Within the range of LV afterload encountered in the studied patients, this slope remained directly proportional to the slope of the end-systolic stress-end-systolic volume relation.Thus, during LV ejection, there is a linear stress-volume relation, which can be determined easily from a standard ventriculogram.The slope of this relation, which depends directly on the tension-length relation of the ventricle, is therefore more specific than ejection phase indexes in detecting alterations in LV inotropic state in the clinical setting.
Hemispheric Activation, Affective Judgments, and Pain Perception
Authors: Michael W. Otto, Ronald A. Yeo
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

This study utilized a unique contact lens method to examine the influence of right hemisphere processing on affective judgments and pain perception. Under conditions of unilateral visual stimulation, participants completed affective ratings of films and underwent a cold pressor pain task. The goal was to examine differences in affective judgments of films projected to one or the other hemisphere and to examine the influence of this unilateral visual stimulation on pain sensitivity. The results failed to replicate a previous finding of differential affective judgments under conditions of right and left visual stimulation. Nonetheless, in female subjects, unilateral visual stimulation was significantly associated with pain lateralization. This finding is discussed in terms of attentional processes in pain perception and limitations of the current lens design.
Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides inhibit TLR3-mediated responses in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and in vivo in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Annette E. Sköld, Maroof Hasan, Leonardo Vargas, Hela Saidi, Nathalie Bosquet, Roger Le Grand, C. I. Edvard Smith, Anna-Lena Spetz
Journal: Blood (2012)
Novel anti–B-cell maturation antigen antibody-drug conjugate (GSK2857916) selectively induces killing of multiple myeloma
Authors: Yu-Tzu Tai, Patrick A. Mayes, Chirag Acharya, Mike Y. Zhong, Michele Cea, Antonia Cagnetta, Jenny Craigen, John Yates, Louise Gliddon, William Fieles, Bao Hoang, James Tunstead, Amanda L. Christie, Andrew L. Kung, Paul Richardson, Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2014)
Advanced glycation end products, carotid atherosclerosis, and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Hiroki Ueno, Hidenori Koyama, Shinya Fukumoto, Shinji Tanaka, Takuhito Shoji, Tetsuo Shoji, Masanori Emoto, Hideki Tahara, Masaaki Inaba, Ryusuke Kakiya, Tsutomu Tabata, Toshio Miyata, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight in Young Adults
Authors: Michael F Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Preterm delivery remains the primary public health challenge in obstetrics. Infants who weigh less than 2500 g account for 11 percent of all births in the United States but for more than 90 percent of all neonatal deaths. Very-low-birth-weight infants, weighing between 500 g and 1500 g, account for approximately 1 percent of all live births but more than 60 percent of all neonatal deaths. Forty percent of the very-low-birth-weight children who survive are burdened with long-term sequelae.The majority of preterm deliveries are spontaneous, caused by premature labor with or without premature rupture of the fetal membranes. About 20 . . .
Coagulation Studies in the Hyperacute and Other Forms of Renal-Allograft Rejection
Authors: Robert W. Colman, William E. Braun, George J. Busch, Gustave J. Dammin, John P. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Nine renal-allograft recipients were studied for consumption coagulopathy and fibrinolysis, which should be present if rejection is associated with the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon. One of two patients with hyperacute rejections had renal arterial and venous blood sampled during transplant nephrectomy. Peripheral blood samples from three patients with acute and one with hyperacute rejections were examined before and after transplantation. Serial observations of fibrinogen, platelets and factors II, V and VIII failed to show consumption coagulopathy in either hyperacute or acute rejections despite morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence of extensive renal cortical vascular thrombosis. Euglobulin lysis times, plasminogen levels and fibrinogen split products did not provide evidence for systemic fibrinolysis. In one patient with chronic refractory rejection, renal venous blood contained small amounts of fibrinogen split products, suggesting localized fibrinolysis. Intravascular coagulation during acute forms of rejection does not appear to be an analogue of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon but rather a localized reaction confined within the graft.
The ETHICA study (part I): elderly’s thoughts about intensive care unit admission for life-sustaining treatments
Authors: F. Philippart, A. Vesin, C. Bruel, A. Kpodji, B. Durand-Gasselin, P. Garçon, M. Levy-Soussan, J. L. Jagot, N. Calvo-Verjat, J. F. Timsit, B. Misset, M. Garrouste-Orgeas
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
The Availability of CO2 Detectors
Authors: James Diller
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Drs Cobb and Etzel<sup>1</sup>on unintentional carbon monoxide related deaths represents a meaningful undertaking. However, they are incorrect in stating that "detection of the gas requires expensive equipment" and in their implication that such devices are unavailable. After more than 18 months of research and development, we have in production a small (10.1×5×3.7-cm) detector with visual and audible alarm powered by 12-V DC or 110-V AC, aptly named AIR-CHEK. Since hemoglobin has an affinity for carbon monoxide 250 times greater than for oxygen, the detector has timing factors that produce a warning sound when the air concentration of carbon monoxide is 50 ppm for 6 hours or 200 ppm for 1.5 hours, or when the level reaches 400 ppm at any time. The detector is priced at $79.95 and is made possible by new semiconductor and printed circuit-board technology. It is hoped that
Group A Streptococcus Vaccine May Be Ready for Phase I Clinical Trials in Late 1989
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

AMERICAN microbiologists, using a novel approach, have moved closer to a vaccine that could prevent as many as 40% of deaths from cardiovascular disease in countries in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East. "The resurgence of rheumatic fever in this country puts new emphasis and urgency" on this work here as well, says rheumatologist Alan L. Bisno, MD, chief of medical services at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Miami. Human phase I trials may be only a year away. The vaccine being developed would provide immunity against infection with group A streptococcus, which causes acute rheumatic fever that ultimately can lead to congestive heart failure. As recently as five years ago, acute rheumatic fever was tagged the vanishing disease in this country, with a national incidence of less than one case per 100 000. However, since 1984, several cities have reported outbreaks of the disease, with attack rates
P27 Reduction in alanine aminotransferase values in diabetic patients receiving long-term oral antibiotics: does modulation of gut flora affect hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Authors: L. Leach, J. F. L. Cobbold, J. Valabhji, M. R. Thursz
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The gut microbiota may play a role in host metabolic processes and have been linked to the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Murine studies have suggested beneficial effects of modulating the gut microbiota using antibiotics, however studies have not looked at the effect of long-term antibiotic therapy in humans. <h3>Aim</h3> To investigate the effects of prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients attending the diabetic foot clinic who are likely to have NAFLD. It was hypothesised that long-term oral antibiotic administration would result in a decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values after 3 months compared to baseline. <h3>Method</h3> 43 diabetic patients without known hepatic comorbidity, who had taken a minimum of 3 months9 broad-spectrum oral antibiotics (predominantly co-amoxiclav) in the diabetic foot clinic were identified retrospectively. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from clinic letters, patient notes, and computer databases. The primary outcome measure was the change in ALT value at day 90 of antibiotics compared to day 0. Other outcome measures were a change in patient weight, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), white cell count, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase at day 90 from day 0. The wilcoxon signed rank test was used for paired non-parametric data. <h3>Results</h3> All patients with abnormal ALT at baseline (n=6) had a significant decrease in ALT from median 43 (41–48) U/l on day 0, to 32 (29–35) U/l on day 90 (p=0.03). 37 patients who had a normal ALT at baseline had a small but significant increase in ALT from median 17 (13–23) U/l on day 0, to 20 (14–28) U/l on day 90 (p=0.02). In the 20 patients with paired HbA1c values, there was a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c with antibiotic use (p=0.03). There were no significant associations in change in ALT at 90 days with weight change, white cell count, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, antibiotic regime or other medications. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The robust decrease in ALT values in patients with abnormal baseline ALTs (and therefore likely to have NAFLD) provides indirect evidence that modulation of gut microbiota with oral antibiotics may reduce hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. The possibility of sepsis-induced liver damage accounting for the changes is countered by no change in white cell count, bilirubin or alkaline phosphatase, while reduction in HbA1c without weight change points to reduced insulin resistance. Prospective studies on patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are awaited.
Plasma glucose and prediction of microvascular disease and mortality: evaluation of 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1999 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of diabetes.
Authors: M M Gabir, R L Hanson, D Dabelea, G Imperatore, J Roumain, P H Bennett, W C Knowler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) and 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for diabetes and hyperglycemia were evaluated and compared with respect to prediction of microvascular and macrovascular disease and mortality RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy at baseline and during the subsequent 10 years and mortality rates were examined in relation to baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) among 5,023 Pima Indian adults and in relation to the cut points defined by the ADA and WHO criteria. RESULTS: The frequencies of retinopathy and nephropathy were directly related to baseline FPG and 2-h PG with approximate thresholds near or below the current diagnostic criteria for diabetes (FPG &amp;gt; or =7.0 and 2-h PG &amp;gt; or = 11.1 mmol/l). The rates of retinopathy were 4.7% in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 20.9% in diabetes by ADA criteria; 1.6% for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 19.7% for diabetes by 1985 WHO criteria; and 1.2% for IGT and 19.2% for diabetes by the 1999 WHO criteria. Mortality rates from cardiovascular-renal-related diseases were higher in diabetic individuals (FPG &amp;gt; or =7.0 or 2-h PG &amp;gt; 11.1 mmol/l) than in those with normal FPG and 2-h PG but were not elevated in those with IFG or IGT. CONCLUSIONS: Retinopathy and nephropathy were directly related to higher FPG or 2-h PG. FPG, which identifies those at high risk of microvascular disease and mortality, can be used to predict these outcomes and to diagnose diabetes when oral glucose tolerance testing is not practical.
Homologous upregulation of human arterial alpha-adrenergic responses by guanadrel.
Authors: R V Hogikyan, M A Supiano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is homologous upregulation of arterial alpha-adrenergic responsiveness during suppression of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in humans. 10 subjects (19-28 yr) were studied during placebo and when SNS activity was suppressed by guanadrel. Changes in forearm blood flow (FABF) mediated by the intraarterial infusion of norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (AII), and phentolamine were measured by plethysmography. During guanadrel compared with placebo, plasma NE levels (1.28 +/- 0.09-0.85 +/- 0.06 nM; P = 0.0001) and the extra vascular NE release rate derived from [3H]NE kinetics were lower (7.1 +/- 0.7-4.0 +/- 0.2 nmol/min per m2; P = 0.0004), suggesting suppression of SNS activity. During guanadrel, there was increased sensitivity in the FABF response to NE (analysis of variance P = 0.03). In contrast, there was no difference in the FABF response to AII (analysis of variance P = 0.81), suggesting that the upregulation observed to NE was homologous. The increase in FABF during phentolamine was similar during guanadrel compared with placebo (guanadrel: 141 +/- 37 vs. placebo; 187 +/- 27% increase; P = 0.33), suggesting that there was at least partial compensation to maintain constant endogenous arterial alpha-adrenergic tone. We conclude that there is homologous upregulation of arterial alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in humans when SNS activity is suppressed by guanadrel.
Low Nucleotide Diversity at the pal1 Locus in the Widely Distributed Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Volodymyr Dvornyk, Anu Sirviö, Merja Mikkonen, Outi Savolainen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Nucleotide polymorphism in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) was studied in the gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (Pal, EC 4.3.1.5). Scots pine, like many other pine species, has a large current population size. The observed levels of inbreeding depression suggest that Scots pine may have a high mutation rate to deleterious alleles. Many Scots pine markers such as isozymes, RFLPs, and microsatellites are highly variable. These observations suggest that the levels of nucleotide variation should be higher than those in other plant species. A 2,045-bp fragment of the pal1 locus was sequenced from five megagametophytes each from a different individual from each of four populations, from northern and southern Finland, central Russia, and northern Spain. There were 12 segregating sites in the locus. The synonymous site overall nucleotide diversity was only 0.0049. In order to compare pal1 with other pine genes, sequence was obtained from two alleles of 11 other loci (total length 4,606 bp). For these, the synonymous nucleotide diversity was 0.0056. These estimates are lower than those from other plants. This is most likely because of a low mutation rate, as estimated from between–pine species synonymous site divergence. In other respects, Scots pine has the characteristics of a species with a large effective population. There was no linkage disequilibrium even between closely linked sites. This resulted in high haplotype diversity (14 different haplotypes among 20 sequences). This could also give rise to high per locus diversity at the protein level. Divergence between populations in the main range was low, whereas an isolated Spanish population had slightly lower diversity and higher divergence than the remaining populations.
The mechanism of acute renal failure after uranyl nitrate.
Authors: R C Blantz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Administration of 25 mg/kg uranyl nitrate (UN) to rats leads to a brief period of polyuria followed by progressive oliguria with death at 5 days. Factors that determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were examined in control Munich-Wistar rats (n equals 16) and 2 h after either 15 mg/kg (n equals 8) or 25 mg/kg (n equals 7) of UN (i.v.) utilizing direct measurements of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures and plasma flow. Total kidney GFR was reduced to 47% of control in the low dose group and to 21% in the high dose group. The simultaneous nephron filtration rate (sngfr) was 28.6 plus or minus 0.8 nl/min/g kidney wt in control, 29.1 plus or minus 1.0 in the low dose group, and 18.1 plus or minus 1.2 (P less than 0.001) in the higher dose group. This disparity in UN effect upon GFR and sngfr was due to tubular back-diffusion of solute through damaged epithelia beyond the early proximal tubule as demonstrated by microinjection of inulin and mannitol in the proximal tubule. Inulin "leak" persisted at 6 h after UN when tubular pressure had returned to normal. Comparison of sngfr measured in early vs. late proximal tubule revealed no difference after high dose UN, suggesting no significant leak of inulin from the early proximal tubule, and that the decreased sngfr was due to primary reductions in ultrafiltration. Nephron plasma flow was equal to control at both doses of UN. Also directly measured hydrostatic pressure gradient across the glomerular capillary was not changed. The effective filtration pressure achieved equilibrium in control of animals but became significantly positive at the efferent end of the capillary at both doses of UN and increased. Total glomerular permeability (LpA) was progressively reduced from control (0.089 plus or minus 0.005 nl/s/g kidney wt/mm Hg) at low dose UN (0.047 plus or minus 0.013) and high dose 0.024 plus or minus 0.003 nl/s/g kidney wt/mm Hg). Therefore UN decreases GFR by two mechanisms: (1) tubular damage leading to back-diffusion of solutes and (b) a primary reduction in sngfr due to reduced LpA.
Erythrocytic Inclusions, Their Diagnostic Significance and Pathology
Authors: Asa Barnes
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The erythrocyte is the only cell in the human body which normally has no nucleus throughout its functional lifetime. Unbothered by the concerns of reproduction and further differentiation, it pursues its career as an indispensable member of the body's cellular team with an unmarred, vacant countenance. For the visage of a red blood cell to develop a blemish is an unusual phenomenon and deserves the observer's attention because it often is an indication of disease. Correct diagnosis may depend on recognition of red cell cytoplasmic inclusions. The erythrocytic inclusions to be discussed in this paper are itemized in the Table with pertinent comments. <h3>Splenic Functions</h3> Two functions of the spleen pertinent to red cells are to "cull" defective or malformed erythrocytes from the circulation and to "pit" intracellular inclusions from erythrocytes which contain them.<sup>1</sup>By the former is meant that the spleen monitors the red cells which journey through
FATAL HEPATOGENIC HYPOGLYCEMIA FOLLOWING NEOARSPHENAMINE
Authors: JOHN BRUNSON CROSS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In the era of undernutrition in diabetic therapy, low blood sugar was observed in several cases of severe diabetes.<sup>1</sup>With the introduction of insulin, "the symptom-complex hypoglycemia" became of more general interest.<sup>2</sup>It was appreciated both then and later<sup>3</sup>that symptoms were not an invariable accompaniment of low blood sugar; many authors have shown that they appear at varying levels.<sup>4</sup> The syndrome of spontaneous hypoglycemia without diabetes was described in 1924 by Harris,<sup>5</sup>who thought it due to hyperinsulinism or dysinsulinism. Wilder, Allan, Power and Robertson<sup>6</sup>three years later published full clinical, biochemical and pathologic studies of a case of severe hypoglycemia arising from carcinoma of the pancreatic islands with metastases. The liver in this case was loaded with glycogen, but injection of epinephrine as well as of pituitary extract failed to elevate the blood sugar. When these extracts fail to elevate low blood