tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Designing Drugs for Parasitic Diseases of the Developing World
Authors: James H McKerrow
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

T he term "parasite" derives from a classical Greek word that was used to refer to "a guest who comes to dinner and doesn't leave" or "a class of priests who had meals at public expense" (Clitodemus, in Athenaeus Grammaticus, ca.378 B.C.).In modern usage, it refers to eukaryotic organisms that range from single-cell protozoa to complex multicellular worms.The diseases caused by these organisms represent some of the world's greatest health problems.Malaria, for example, currently affects about 500 million people and causes about 3,000 deaths a day-mostly in sub-Saharan Africa [1].Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma spp.(blood fl ukes), affects over 250 million people in the tropical world [2], and a recent meta-analysis showed that the disease is signifi cantly associated with anemia, chronic pain, diarrhea, exercise intolerance, and undernutrition [3].Almost a billion people are infected with the nematode parasites: Ascaris (roundworm), Ancylostoma (hookworm), and Trichuris (whipworm) [2].Why then have so few effective drugs been produced against these diseases?The answer lies primarily in the fact that these are diseases affecting people who are poor and living in poor regions of the world.They represent little or no viable market for the pharmaceutical industry, especially given the market requirements of the recently merged pharmaceutical giants.Given this reality, how can imaginative and effective strategies be developed to meet this challenge? Designing Drugs for Parasitic Diseases of the Developing World
Brain Imaging-What Should We Be Doing?
Authors: S. V. HILTS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

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Precursor frequency analysis of lymphokine-secreting alloreactive T lymphocytes. Dissociation of subsets producing interleukin 2, macrophage-activating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the basis of Lyt-2 phenotype.
Authors: A Kelso, H R Macdonald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The frequencies of precursors of C57BL/6 T lymphocytes that respond to DBA/2 alloantigens by secreting the lymphokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), macrophage-activating factor (MAF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been directly compared with cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor (CTL-P) frequencies in limiting dilution microcultures established from spleen cells positively or negatively selected on the basis of Lyt-2 phenotype. A clear dichotomy was observed between CTL-P, which were contained in the Lyt-2+ fraction, and precursors of IL-2-secreting cells, which were detected almost exclusively in the Lyt-2- population. In contrast, precursors of cells secreting MAF and GM-CSF were found in both populations: almost all responding cells from the Lyt-2- fraction produced both these factors, whereas the precursor frequency of MAF-secreting and GM-CSF-secreting cells was three- to fourfold lower in the Lyt-2+ population. These frequency data were consistent with quantitative differences observed in the average production of these lymphokines by Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2- populations.
Randomized controled trial of late in-hospital angiography and angiopiasty vs. Conservative management after RT-PA treatment in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Gabriel I. Barbash, Hanoch Hod, Arie Roth, Michaela Modan, Hilton I. Miller, Shemuel Rath, Yedahel Har Zehav, Oren Agrant, Ged Keren, Michael Motro, Amir Shacher, Samuel Basen, Babeth Rabinowitz, Shlomo Laniado, Elieser Kaplinsky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Prenatal Diagnosis, Birth Location, Surgical Center, and Neonatal Mortality in Infants With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Shaine A. Morris, Mary K. Ethen, Daniel J. Penny, Mark A. Canfield, Charles G. Minard, David E. Fixler, Wendy N. Nembhard
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Most studies have not demonstrated improved survival after prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). However, the effect of delivery near a cardiac surgical center (CSC), the recommended action after prenatal diagnosis, on HLHS mortality has been poorly investigated. Methods and Results— Using Texas Birth Defects Registry data, 1999 through 2007, which monitored &gt;3.4 million births, we investigated the association between distance (calculated driving time) from birth center to CSC and neonatal mortality in 463 infants with HLHS. Infants with extracardiac birth defects or genetic disorders were excluded. The associations between prenatal diagnosis, CSC HLHS volume, and mortality were also examined. Neonatal mortality in infants born &lt;10 minutes from a CSC was 21.0%, 10 to 90 minutes 25.2%, and &gt;90 minutes 39.6% ( P for trend &lt;0.001). Prenatal diagnosis alone was not associated with improved survival ( P =0.14). In multivariable analysis, birth &gt;90 minutes from a CSC remained associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–3.45), compared with &lt;10 minutes. In subanalysis, birth &gt;90 minutes from a CSC was associated with higher pretransport mortality (odds ratio, 6.69; 95% confidence interval, 2.52–17.74) and birth 10 to 90 minutes with higher presurgical mortality (odds ratio, 4.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–17.00). Higher surgical mortality was associated with lower CSC HLHS volume (odds ratio per 10 patients, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.91). Conclusions— Infants with HLHS born far from a CSC have increased neonatal mortality, and most of this mortality is presurgical. Efforts to improve prenatal diagnosis of HLHS and subsequent delivery near a large volume CSC may significantly improve neonatal HLHS survival.
The presence of a BCR-ABL mutant allele in CML does not always explain clinical resistance to imatinib
Authors: J S Khorashad, M Anand, D Marin, S Saunders, T Al-Jabary, A Iqbal, S Margerison, J V Melo, J M Goldman, J F Apperley, J Kaeda
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Marrow cytometry and prognosis in myeloma.
Authors: B Barlogie, R Alexanian, E A Gehan, L Smallwood, T Smith, B Drewinko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We have previously shown that flow cytometric analysis of acridine orange-stained bone marrow cells is useful for the objective enumeration and characterization of plasma cells from patients with myeloma, frequently exhibiting an abnormal DNA and an elevated RNA content. In this report on 77 previously untreated patients, we have investigated the biologic and prognostic implications of these quantitative tumor cell parameters. The degree of marrow involvement by tumor, both by microscopic and cytometric analysis, correlated with the clinically derived tumor mass stage. Examination of the product of relative tumor cell RNA content and marrow tumor infiltrate (as a measure of metabolic capacity for immunoglobulin production) in relationship to the myeloma protein concentration in the serum revealed differences in the efficiency of immunoglobulin production and/or catabolism. There was an inverse relationship between the degree of marrow tumor involvement and RNA index, suggesting a more aggressive behavior of myeloma in patients with a low tumor cell RNA content. Prognostically, high tumor cell RNA content identified patients with a high likelihood of response to both initial treatment (32 patients, P = 0.004) and salvage therapy (29 patients, P = 0.01). Favorable factors for survival were low clinical tumor mass stage (P = 0.07) and low marrow tumor infiltrate as determined morphologically (P = 0.04) and cytometrically (P = 0.004). Thus, the direct examination of marrow cellular DNA and RNA content permitted assessment of tumor burden and was useful in the prediction of response and survival.
NT-21 * PRELIMINARY CLINICAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING RAPID DELIVERY RADIOSURGERY FOR MULTIPLE BRAIN METASTASES
Authors: M. Manning, D. Wiant, B. Sintay, J. Stern
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly used in the management of patients with brain metastases. High rates of local control and low neurocognitive risk have made SRS an appealing alternative to whole brain radiotherapy, even in patients with numerous metastases. Since traditional SRS techniques may be extended several hours in the setting of numerous targets, in an immobilized position, this may discourage patients and clinicians from utilizing SRS. The current retrospective study measures clinical outcomes in patients treated using existing technology for a rapid treatment delivery technique. METHODS: All patients were managed in a multidisciplinary approach with neurosurgery and radiation oncology participation. Targeting was carried out with a 3T MRI using 1 mm axial slices. SRS was delivered using a unique linac-based platform capable of delivering volumetric arc therapy to multiple simultaneous targets without a flattening filter and a relocatable mask between 1/2012-4/2013. Eleven patients were treated with a median of 6 brain metastases (range 4-12) for a total of 74 targets. RESULTS: All treatments were delivered in less than 30 minutes. SRS was well-tolerated with no acute > grade 2 acute complications. Median overall survival was 27 weeks. CONCLUSION: Rapid SRS delivery using volumetric arc therapy with a flattening filter free beam appears to be feasible and well-tolerated treatment with acceptable toxicity and survival. This technique carries the potential to offer patients a more comfortable treatment in an abbreviated procedure time. These encouraging preliminary outcomes warrant further study.
Pediatric and adult forms of type I autoimmune hepatitis in argentina: Evidence for differential genetic predisposition
Authors: Marcelo Pando, Julian Larriba, Gabriela C. Fernandez, Hugo Fainboim, Mirta Ciocca, Margarita Ramonet, Isabel Badia, Jorge Daruich, Jorge Findor, Hugo Tanno, Cristina Cañero-Velasco, Leonardo Fainboim
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The aim of this study was to compare major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AH) between children and adults of the same ethnic group. HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB3, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 gene subtypes were examined by high resolution oligonucleotide typing in 122 pediatric (PAH) and 84 adult (AAH) patients and in 208 controls. In children, HLA-DRB1*1301 was the primary susceptibility allele (66.4% patients vs. 10.6% controls, relative risk [RR] = 16.3, Pc < 10(-24)) whereas HLA-DRB1*1302, which differs from HLA-DRB1*1301 by only 1 amino acid, appeared to be protective. The exclusion of individuals with HLA-DRB1*1301 from control and pediatric patients allowed us to find a secondary association of PAH with HLA-DRB1*0301. Possession of HLA-DRB1*1301, however, was associated with a lower therapeutic response rate. Analysis of peptide binding pocket residues indicated that Tyr 10, Ser 11, Ser 13, and Val 86 in the class II beta chain were present in 85% of patients compared with 37% of controls, suggesting that a high proportion of AH susceptibility is attributable to these residues (etiologic fraction [EF] = 76%). In contrast to the class II associations in children, AAH was associated with HLA-DRB1*0405 (RR = 10.4, Pc <.005) but not with HLA-DRB1*1301 or HLA-DRB1*0301. In addition, HLA-DR4 with the class I gene, HLA-A11, appeared synergistic in predisposing AAH patients to develop extra-hepatic autoimmune (AI) manifestations (odds ratio [OR] = 104.9, Pc < 10(-4)). Concomitant differences in autoantibody profiles were also observed in PAH versus AAH: smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) were most prevalent in PAH but antinuclear antibodies were most prevalent in AAH (P =.003). This study therefore reveals that different HLA-DRB1 allotypes confer susceptibility to AH in children and adults and raises the possibility that PAH and AAH may be triggered by different factors.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography with the Ultrasonic Esophagoprobe
Authors: H. Grimm
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Forty-one patients with either stenosing esophageal and cardia carcinoma (n = 27) or suspected tumor stenosis (n = 14), in whom conventional endosonography had failed, were evaluated with the ultrasonic esophagoprobe (blind probe). The main indication was locoregional staging of esophageal and cardia carcinomas, or restaging after radiotherapy or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In 37% of the patients (10 of 27) an EUS T4 carcinoma was diagnosed, and in 63% (17/27) an EUS-T3 one. Regional lymph-node metastases were diagnosed in 96% of the cases. EUS restaging after nonsurgical palliative treatment detected tumor lesions in three of eight patients. Despite the fact that the imaging quality is still not satisfactory, our results suggest that the limitations of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) examination due to stenosing tumor growth can be overcome by the use of this ultrasonic esophagoprobe or similar instruments. Further technical developments may improve the resolution as well as the imaging quality in the celiac axis region.
Fibrosis and Mortality in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Maarten J. G. Leening, Ewout W. Steyerberg
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
International Congress Against Abuse of Alcohol.
Authors: T. D. Crothers
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Hartford, Conn., May 6, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In these times of great international gatherings it will be news to many persons that the alcoholic problem has been the theme of seven great continental meetings in Europe, held at intervals of two years, since 1885, the seventh having been held in Paris, April 4 to 9. From the first they have been made up of a large number of physicians, clergymen, teachers and reformers generally, and have steadily grown in interest and size until the Paris gathering, which assumed in reality the proportions of a great world's congress. Sixteen hundred and forty members were registered, which included over one hundred physicians and six hundred professional men and women, government officials, laymen, reformers and society delegates. The topics discussed have been very complete, ranging all the way from the most passionate appeals to give up alcohol, with terrifying pictures of its
Seronegative 18 Months After Being Bitten by a Patient With AIDS
Authors: John A. Drummond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) has been isolated from the saliva of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC).<sup>1,2</sup>This virus has also been recovered from the saliva of healthy homosexual men, raising concern among health care workers, especially dentists and dental hygienists.<sup>1,2</sup>Recent data suggest that virus-positive saliva may be a quite infrequent occurrence in these populations. Ho and colleagues,<sup>3</sup>using a careful culture technique, were able to isolate HTLV-III in only one of 71 seropositive homosexual men, 51 of whom had either AIDS or ARC. The low rate of seropositivity among spouses and children and the apparent lack of transmission by oral-genital contact further indicate that saliva is not likely to transmit the infection.<sup>4,5</sup>Two nurses who participated in mouth-to-mouth resuscitation of a patient with ARC remain seronegative nine months after exposure.<sup>6</sup>I
THE FUNCTION OF THE PREFRONTAL LOBES.APROPOS OF THE PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN A CASE.
Authors: ALFRED GORDON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Comparative anatomy teaches that the frontal lobes of ascending types of animals are found gradually increasing in size. In anthropoid apes, the brain, which is very similar to that of man, is distinguished from the latter by the development of the frontal convolutions; they are all short and the inferior one, particularly so. In the studies by morphologists and neurologists, considerable attention is given to the question of the localization of psychic functions. Researches in comparative and experimental physiology, clinical observations, histologic studies, all lead to this view that a coöperation of all constituent portions of the brain is necessary for a normal function of intellect and that only a diffuse alteration of the brain is able to produce a modification in intelligence. Nevertheless, the anterior portion, the so-called prefrontal lobe, has been recognized since Gall, as the preponderantly better developed in highly intellectual individuals and that mental deficiency goes
Cerebral Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Most physicians are familiar with "brain scans," the print-out of the radioactivity detected from intravenous injection of technetium pertechnetate. These scans are being superseded by the current diagnostic darling, computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans). Dynamic scanning or radionuclide angiography refers to study of the radioactivity as the injected substance passes through the cerebral circulation. In most hospitals, this is restricted to frontal views of the flow in the cervical and intracranial carotid arterial systems (and the great draining veins). DeLand points out the value of sequential pictures taken in the vertex view, which he considers the best way to evaluate cerebral blood flow in a noninvasive manner. His book presents pictures of such sequential flow in normal persons, after extensive preliminary exposition of embryology, normal anatomy, collateral circulation, and topographic vascular anatomy. The final two thirds of the book is made up of case histories of patients with
A Prognostic DNA Methylation Signature for Stage I Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Juan Sandoval, Jesus Mendez-Gonzalez, Ernest Nadal, Guoan Chen, F. Javier Carmona, Sergi Sayols, Sebastian Moran, Holger Heyn, Miguel Vizoso, Antonio Gomez, Montse Sanchez-Cespedes, Yassen Assenov, Fabian Müller, Christoph Bock, Miquel Taron, Josefina Mora, Lucia A. Muscarella, Triantafillos Liloglou, Michael Davies, Marina Pollan, Maria J. Pajares, Wenceslao Torre, Luis M. Montuenga, Elisabeth Brambilla, John K. Field, Luca Roz, Marco Lo Iacono, Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Rafael Rosell, David G. Beer, Manel Esteller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a tumor in which only small improvements in clinical outcome have been achieved. The issue is critical for stage I patients for whom there are no available biomarkers that indicate which high-risk patients should receive adjuvant chemotherapy. We aimed to find DNA methylation markers that could be helpful in this regard.A DNA methylation microarray that analyzes 450,000 CpG sites was used to study tumoral DNA obtained from 444 patients with NSCLC that included 237 stage I tumors. The prognostic DNA methylation markers were validated by a single-methylation pyrosequencing assay in an independent cohort of 143 patients with stage I NSCLC.Unsupervised clustering of the 10,000 most variable DNA methylation sites in the discovery cohort identified patients with high-risk stage I NSCLC who had shorter relapse-free survival (RFS; hazard ratio [HR], 2.35; 95% CI, 1.29 to 4.28; P = .004). The study in the validation cohort of the significant methylated sites from the discovery cohort found that hypermethylation of five genes was significantly associated with shorter RFS in stage I NSCLC: HIST1H4F, PCDHGB6, NPBWR1, ALX1, and HOXA9. A signature based on the number of hypermethylated events distinguished patients with high- and low-risk stage I NSCLC (HR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.61 to 6.54; P = .001).The DNA methylation signature of NSCLC affects the outcome of stage I patients, and it can be practically determined by user-friendly polymerase chain reaction assays. The analysis of the best DNA methylation biomarkers improved prognostic accuracy beyond standard staging.
Gut microbiota, tight junction protein expression, intestinal resistance, bacterial translocation and mortality following cholestasis depend on the genetic background of the host
Authors: Samuel M. Alaish, Alexis D. Smith, Jennifer Timmons, Jose Greenspon, Daniel Eyvazzadeh, Ebony Murphy, Terez Shea-Donahue, Shana Cirimotich, Emmanuel Mongodin, Aiping Zhao, Alessio Fasano, James P. Nataro, Alan S Cross
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Failure of the intestinal barrier is a characteristic feature of cholestasis. We have previously observed higher mortality in C57BL/6J compared with A/J mice following common bile duct ligation (CBDL). We hypothesized the alteration in gut barrier function following cholestasis would vary by genetic background. Following one week of CBDL, jejunal TEER was significantly reduced in each ligated mouse compared with their sham counterparts; moreover, jejunal TEER was significantly lower in both sham and ligated C57BL/6J compared with sham and ligated A/J mice, respectively. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes was significantly increased in C57BL/6J mice vs. A/J mice. Four of 15 C57BL/6J mice were bacteremic; whereas, none of the 17 A/J mice were. Jejunal IFN-γ mRNA expression was significantly elevated in C57BL/6J compared with A/J mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in occludin protein expression in C57BL/6J compared with A/J mice following both sham operation and CBDL. Only C57BL/6J mice demonstrated a marked decrease in ZO-1 protein expression following CBDL compared with shams. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal samples showed a dysbiosis only in C57BL/6J mice following CBDL when compared with shams. This study provides evidence of strain differences in gut microbiota, tight junction protein expression, intestinal resistance and bacterial translocation which supports the notion of a genetic predisposition to exaggerated injury following cholestasis.