tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Hematuria
Authors: Geoffrey Modest
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The recent article by Woolhandler et al 1 argues against routine urinalysis screening. However, it may be dangerous to draw conclusions and make recommendations with insufficient data.  Woolhandler et al admit that there are neither randomized, controlled trials nor case-control  of [the significance of] hematuria or proteinuria in healthy, asymptomatic populations. In fact, only two  studies 1 of adults older than 35 years in the literature were mentioned, one of Swedish men aged 21 to 69 years (without any workup done to determine the cause of the hematuria) 2 and the other a retrospective chart review, not even a true population-based study, of Minnesota residents (without any standardized workup done for hematuria). 3 Can we generalize these sparse data from the specific populations of Sweden and Minnesota to minorities in, for example, inner-city Boston, Mass?  Bladder cancer is one of the principal potentially treatable findings
Cryotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the trachea and bronchi.
Authors: M O Maiwand
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Cryotherapy was used to relieve symptoms in 75 patients suffering from advanced carcinoma of the trachea or bronchi. In all patients surgical resection, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy had been tried and been unsuccessful or had been thought to be unsuitable because of the patients' poor general condition. In cryotherapy the intraluminal tumour was frozen through a Stortz bronchoscope. Localised necrosis increased the patency of the lumen of the trachea or bronchi, resulting in relief of symptoms. Cryotherapy is effective and easily performed and causes the patient little discomfort.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Acyclovir for the Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Recipients of Renal Allografts
Authors: Henry H. Balfour, Beverly A. Chace, Jack T. Stapleton, Richard L. Simmons, David S. Fryd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Cytomegalovirus is a major viral pathogen in patients who undergo renal transplantation, and cytomegalovirus disease is difficult to treat. We therefore conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of acyclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in recipients of renal allografts from cadavers. Acyclovir was given orally in doses of 800 to 3200 mg per day, according to the patients' estimated level of renal function. Patients took the first dose of either acyclovir or placebo six hours before transplantation and continued to take the assigned medication for 12 weeks. Of 118 patients enrolled in the study, 104 completed at least 30 days on the study medication and were included in our analysis of the results. During the first year after transplantation, 4 of 53 patients (7.5 percent) in the acyclovir group had symptomatic cytomegalovirus disease, as compared with 15 of 51 (29 percent) in the placebo group (P = 0.002). There was a single case of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in the acyclovir group, as compared with nine in the placebo group. The greatest prophylactic benefit of acyclovir was observed among seronegative patients who had received a kidney from a seropositive donor; only one of six such patients in the acyclovir group had cytomegalovirus disease, as compared with all seven in the placebo group. Acyclovir decreased the incidence of documented cytomegalovirus infection (with or without symptomatic disease) to 36 percent from 61 percent among the patients who received the placebo (P = 0.011). Among the patients who received acyclovir, the rates of recovery of virus from the blood and urine were significantly reduced, but the rate of viral shedding from the pharynx was not significantly different from that in the placebo group. There were no differences between the groups in the frequency of adverse events or in the rate of survival of either grafts or patients. We conclude that the oral administration of acyclovir, beginning before the transplantation of a renal allograft from a cadaver, reduces the rate of cytomegalovirus infection and disease without affecting the survival rate of either grafts or patients. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1381–7.)
REPORTING ON ACL DEFICIENT PATIENTS: A FUNCTION-BASED RETURN-TO-ACTIVITY ALGORITHM
Authors: Matthias Keller, Oliver Schmidtlein, Eduard Kurz
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background The most current follow-up treatments after ACL injuries are time-oriented. The decision-making procedures for return-to-sport are not uniform. The ACL rehabilitation approaches comply mostly with empirical values in time-dependent schemes. However, specific questionnaires and functional assessments become more important during the control of rehabilitation. Therefore this presentation aimed to present a function-oriented return-to-activity algorithm. Methods The 29-year-old male professional soccer athlete with traumatic ACL rupture of the left knee and a bodyweight of 74 kg participated in an active rehabilitation program for a period of five months. The rehabilitation protocol started five days after surgical ACL repair through hamstring tendon. Anamnesis revealed no previous knee injuries and the absence of any further physical complaints. The athlete was free of psycho-social risk factors and showed a very good compliance. The return-to-activity algorithm applied consisted of different tests within four levels. Starting with quasi-static single leg stability measures, the algorithm proceeds with three dynamic hop tests with progressing impact. After ensuring sagittal (single leg hop) and frontal (side hop) planes stability, a multi-planar (square hop) test is performed. The protocol estimates limb symmetry indices (LSI) within each of the four levels. By using this approach, the unaffected side serves as the control. Only athletes who pass the test with a minimum LSI of 90% are allowed to move on to the next level and thus stress the structures with level-specific activities (e.g. cutting movements within the third level). Results The first level (Y-balance test) was completed two months after operative treatment with an average LSI of 95%, whilst the LSI of the single leg hop for distance (second level) revealed only 50%. After a further period of four weeks, the LSI of the single leg hop test improved considerably to 81%. The athlete reached the predefined boundary of 90% four months after surgery. After that time, initial moderate jogging activities and dynamic exercises were allowed. Five months after the operation, the third (side hop test) and fourth (square hop test) levels revealed an LSI of 99% and 94% respectively. The rehab protocol was now completed and integration into team training could begin. Conclusion In this case report, an athlete returned to his previous sport level within a period of twenty weeks. The proposed return-to-activity algorithm was easy applicable and helpful to control the different rehabilitation phases. On the basis of such a procedure, individual recommendations are decoupled from time-oriented approaches. Thus musculo-skeletal function becomes a central component in judging progressions during rehabilitation.
Tobacco—The Growing Epidemic in China
Authors: Richard Peto
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Worldwide, 30 million adults died in 1990, 3 million from the effects of smoking tobacco,<sup>1-3</sup>and the annual number of deaths from tobacco use is increasing. By about 2025, when the children of today reach middle age, some 10 million a year will die from the effects of tobacco.<sup>2</sup>The increase is predicted to be sharpest (from 1 million in 1995 to 7 million in 2025) in developing countries, of which China is the largest and consumes the most tobacco. In early middle age, about 5% of women and 75% of men in China are occasional or daily smokers.<sup>4</sup>Chinese men number 10% of the adults in the world, but smoke about 30% of the world's cigarettes.<sup>4</sup>Thus far, few Chinese women smoke, except in Manchuria, but among Chinese men, cigarette smoking has recently increased substantially (1 cigarette per day in 1952, See also p 1646.
Abstract 1390: Interferon-gamma potentiates the targeted phenotypic reversion of erbb2/her2/neu transformed human tumor cells
Authors: Edwin Aaron Runkle, Peter Young, Yasuhiro Nagai, Hiromichi Tsuchiya, Hongtao Zhang, Mark I. Greene
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Oncogenic erbB2/HER2 is a major transforming determinant of human breast cancer and its amplification is prognostic of poor survival. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy to specifically target erbB2/HER2 has been effective in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer; however, some patients do not respond and those who do frequently relapse despite ongoing therapy. The evolution of tumors that resist targeted therapy is complex and involves the emergence of complex transcriptional functions. Snail is overexpressed in recurrent tumors of transgenic HER2/neu mice and snail expression participates in tumor recurrence. Previous studies from our laboratory and others have revealed that targeted therapy requires cooperation with elements of the endogenous immune system for optimal tumor regression activity. The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is relevant to the regression process although the mechanism by which IFN operates on targeted cells remains undefined and the effects of IFN on the transformed cell have not been studied during phenotypic reversion. In the present study, we utilized cell biological and biochemical-based assays to define if targeted therapy could be improved through the addition of IFN-γ and unexpectedly defined a unique mechanism operative to achieve this end. Cell culture model systems were used to examine the co-treatment of erbB2/HER2 targeting with IFN-γ to eliminate issues such as aberrant immune responses, which arise as a consequence of adding IFN-γ to cells. We defined that while mAb targeting of erbB2 reversed the transformed phenotype of HER2-positive breast cancer cells reversion of phenotype was increased upon inclusion of IFN-γ. Co-treatment with the erbB2 mAb and IFN-γ resulted in a greater reduction of snail protein levels compared to either modality alone. Snail degradation was dependent on GSK3-β and active proteasome dependent elimination processes. Furthermore, IFN-γ activated GSK3-β in mAb treated cells to the extent of that observed in cells treated with specific small molecule inhibitors to erbB receptors. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation as to how to use IFN-γ to optimize mAb-mediated tumor regression. The implication of this study is improvement of targeted efficacy could lead to more comprehensive therapy options that may eliminate tumor recurrence. Citation Format: Edwin Aaron Runkle, Peter Young, Yasuhiro Nagai, Hiromichi Tsuchiya, Hongtao Zhang, Mark I. Greene. Interferon-gamma potentiates the targeted phenotypic reversion of erbb2/her2/neu transformed human tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1390. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1390
Interleukin-7 is produced by afferent lymphatic vessels and supports lymphatic drainage
Authors: Maria Iolyeva, David Aebischer, Steven T. Proulx, Ann-Helen Willrodt, Tatiana Ecoiffier, Simone Häner, Grégory Bouchaud, Carsten Krieg, Lucas Onder, Burkhard Ludewig, Laura Santambrogio, Onur Boyman, Lu Chen, Daniela Finke, Cornelia Halin
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Cost of Medical Care
Authors: F. E. Dreifuss
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  The recent furor over physicians who collected what appeared to be exorbitant sums of money from alleged Medicaid abuse aroused in me a curious feeling of having seen it all happen before. It was not just a deja-vu hallucination because it happened before in New Zealand in 1938. After the depression years, Prime Minister Savage and Finance Minister Nash of the newly elected Labor Party introduced the Social Security medical scheme. This was all-embracing and paralleled the efforts of secretaries Ribicoff and Cohen in this country in the last decade. This might be known as phase I, or the introduction. One thing which characterized phase I was the reluctance either through ignorance or design to apprise anyone of what such a scheme would entail in terms of costs. While the New Zealanders might be excused because theirs was the first such program in the world, this excuse
Hereditary C2 Deficiency Associated with Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: MAXIME SELIGMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Homozygous C2 deficiency in a 19-year-old boy was associated with variable immunodeficiency manifested by marked hypoimmunoglobulinemia and impaired antibody responses, normal circulating B lymphocytes, and subnormal T-cell functions. Neither antilymphocytic autoantibodies nor chromosomal abnormalities were found. Serum immunoglobulin levels were within normal limits in his parents and brother who were heterozygous for C2 deficiency. The patient's lymphocytes were homozygous at the HLA-D locus but expressed an antigen different from DW2.
Sonnet for Shirley
Authors: Phillip J. Cozzi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Ad Libitum1 July 1994Sonnet for ShirleyPhillip J. Cozzi, MDPhillip J. Cozzi, MDThe University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Drizzling rain at 4PM. It's sad to knowyou're lying to my face. Amid the stinkof alcohol, I fill your forms, althoughyou're not as sick as you would make me think.Your name is Shirley Jones, but you are notthe girl from Carousel. The common coldand disability is yours: you thoughtyour acting talents suited to the role.But, Shirley, you should know that I have liedto you for I am powerless to treatthe underlying illnesses which leadso many to this sad deceit, and that,despite my arrogance, I have no curewhile ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1Page: 71KeywordsAlcoholsCommon coldDeceptionDisabilities ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Predicting Treatment Costs and Life Expectancy for End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Paul V. Stange, Andrew T. Sumner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To estimate the cumulative 10-year direct medical costs and life expectancy associated with different methods of treatment for end-stage renal disease, we assessed predictively three treatment transition options. It is predicted that if 1000 patients shift from facility to home dialysis for each of 10 years, life expectancy of the cohort will not be reduced, but there will be a reduction of $241 million in total costs. The same number shifting from facility dialysis to cadaveric transplantation are predicted to have a $279 to $330 million reduction in total costs but a reduction of 7 to 17 per cent in life expectancy. Shifting from home dialysis to transplantation is predicted to reduce total costs by +103 to $142 million, and life expectancy by 10 to 20 per cent. As new program policies for treatment of end-stage renal disease are developed, their effect on both costs and life expectancy needs to be considered.
Morbidity of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: F. Ammitzbol, E. Snorrason
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1953)

<b>Background:</b> The utility of endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for investigating suspected mediastinal and hilar tuberculosis (TB) in adults is established, however there is limited data on the paediatric population. We reviewed the adequacy, cytology and microbiological yield from EBUS-TBNA on suspected paediatric TB at our institute. <b>Methods:</b> Analysis was performed of prospectively maintained bronchoscopy and cytology databases to identify all cases of EBUS-TBNA performed in patients aged ≤18 years at our institute between 1/1/2014 and 31/12/2016. Identified cases had medical case notes, correspondence, bronchoscopy report, cytology and microbiology reviewed to identify those in whom TB was being investigated and gather information on the procedure, adequacy and clinical outcome. <b>Results:</b> 8 cases were identified. Age range 13-18, male 63%, female 37%. Total 15 nodes sampled, mean 2.5 passes per node. Rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) revealed ≥1 node with granuloma (5/8 patients), necrosis alone (1/8 patients) with all (6/6) showing necrotic granulomatous lymphadenitis on final cytology. Of these 4/6 cultured fully sensitive <i>M Tuberculosis</i>. A further 1/6 was culture negative but had a significant clinico-radiological response to TB chemotherapy. 1/6 had fully treated TB previously and was treated as right middle lobe syndrome. 2/8 adequate on ROSE, reactive lymphadenopathy on cytology and culture negative and final diagnosis was not TB. No procedural complications were recorded. <b>Conclusion:</b> EBUS-TBNA in our experience is a safe, useful tool in the diagnosis of children suspected of having TB with 80% of those with TB having positive culture on EBUS.
Device for Diagnosis of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Henry L. Green
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Electrocardiophone (Figure) is a new device for rapid identification of cardiac arrhythmias. Pocket-sized, it detects the voltage output (electrocardiogram signal) of the heart and converts it into a sound pattern. This is a continuous tone which varies in pitch in proportion to the changes in electrical potential. A change in the input of 1 mv results in a frequency change of one to two octaves. This method achieves the same reduction in cost and complexity as the conventional R-wave monitor but gives much more information. Its miniaturized solid-state circuit is built into an aluminum case and is powered by a 9-v transistor-radio battery. A single dial operates the power switch and the volume control. The sound is produced by a built-in speaker. A jack is also provided to permit the use of a stethophone or for making tape recordings. The three electrodes are permanently attached to
Hypodense eosinophil number relates to clinical severity, airway hyperresponsiveness and response to inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic subjects
Authors: H P Kuo, T R Yu, C T Yu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The phenotypically distinct low-density eosinophil, with its greater inflammatory potential, is increased in asthma. However, the role of hypodense eosinophils in the development of asthma is still unclear. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on the number of hypodense eosinophils in 27 asthmatic subjects and its relationship with clinical severity. The density profile of eosinophils in the peripheral blood was determined using Percoll density gradient fractionation. Eosinophils recovered from asthmatics were mainly in the lower density fractions (&lt; 1.095 g.ml-1) (63 +/- 3%; n = 27), significantly different from those of normal subjects (27 +/- 2%; n = 7). The proportion of hypodense eosinophils was inversely related to the provocative concentration of methacholine producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20) value (r = -0.75). Patients with mild asthma had a lower percentage of hypodense eosinophils (45 +/- 4%; n = 14) than those with moderate asthma (67 +/- 3%; n = 13). Inhalation of budesonide (800 micrograms.day-1) (n = 15) for 4 weeks, but not placebo, significantly improved the PC20 values by 0.97 doubling dose, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % predicted by 17%, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) by 15%, and decreased PEFR diurnal variability by 5.4%. The percentage of hypodense eosinophils was significantly decreased from 68 +/- 4 to 47 +/- 4% in the budesonide group (n = 15), but not in the placebo group (n = 12) (63 +/- 4 to 65 +/- 4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Segmental uniparental disomy as a recurrent mechanism for homozygous CEBPA mutations in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: B J Wouters, M A Sanders, S Lugthart, W M C Geertsma-Kleinekoort, E van Drunen, H B Beverloo, B Löwenberg, P J M Valk, R Delwel
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
REDUCTION IN MORTALITY FROM BREAST CANCER AFTER MASS SCREENING WITH MAMMOGRAPHY
Authors: L Tabár, A Gad, L.H Holmberg, U Ljungquist, C.J.G Fagerberg, L Baldetorp, O Gröntoft, B Lundström, J.C Månson, G Eklund, N.E Day, F Pettersson
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
A CASE OF AXILLO-BRACHIAL EMBOLECTOMY
Authors: G. E. Larks
Journal: BMJ (1934)

The effect of ultra-violet therapy on sugar tolerance, insulin requirements, growth, and general health was determined in ten diabetic children, aged 7i to 14 years, over a period of one year.The results, compared with those of a control series of four children who did not receive ultra-violet therapy, showed no significant improvement that could be attributed to the irradiation.WVe should like to express our thanks to Professor G. B.
Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy improves glycemic control in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. The Pioglitazone 001 Study Group.
Authors: S Aronoff, S Rosenblatt, S Braithwaite, J W Egan, A L Mathisen, R L Schneider
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of four doses of pioglitazone monotherapy in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 408 patients randomized in this multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients who had HbA1c &amp;gt; or = 7.0%, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) &amp;gt; or = 140 mg/dl, and C-peptide &amp;gt; 1 ng/ml were randomized to receive placebo or 7.5, 15, 30, or 45 mg pioglitazone administered once a day for 26 weeks. RESULTS: Patients treated with 15, 30, or 45 mg pioglitazone had significant mean decreases in HbA1c (range -1.00 to -1.60% difference from placebo) and FPG (-39.1 to -65.3 mg/dl difference from placebo). The decreases in FPG were observed as early as the second week of therapy; maximal decreases occurred after 10-14 weeks and were maintained until the end of therapy (week 26). In the 15-, 30-, or 45-mg pioglitazone groups, there were significant mean percent decreases in triglycerides, significant mean percent increases in HDL cholesterol, and only small percent changes in total cholesterol and LDL. The subset of patients naive to therapy had greater improvements in HbA1c and FPG (difference from placebo of -2.55% and -79.9 mg/dl for the 45-mg group) compared with previously treated patients. The overall adverse event profile of pioglitazone was similar to that of placebo. There was no evidence of drug-induced hepatotoxicity or drug-induced elevations of alanine aminotransferase levels in this study CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone monotherapy significantly improves HbA1c and FPG while producing beneficial effects on serum lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes with no evidence of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.