tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Viewing Cardiovascular Research Through the Eyes of Past, Present, and Future Generations
Authors: Eric D. Peterson, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lymphocyte populations in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic liver disease.
Authors: J Sanchez-Tapias, H C Thomas, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1977)

The characterisation of lymphocytes from liver biopsies indicates that 9activated9 T lymphocytes are present in the liver in alcohol induced hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis (HBS+ve and -ve), and in primary biliary cirrhosis but not in inactive cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, extrahepatic and drug induced cholestasis. A greater percentage of lymphocytes bear Fc-receptors in chronic active hepatitis than in alcohol induced hepatitis or cholestatic liver disease. The concentration of 9activated9 T cells in the peripheral blood in all groups studied was within the normal range, suggesting that the 9activated9 T cells found in the liver were reacting to either native or foreign antigens within the liver. The data on Fc-receptor bearing cells are consistent with the involvement of antibody assisted K cell mediated cytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis.
The influence of climate variation and change on diarrheal disease in the Pacific Islands.
Authors: R B Singh, S Hales, N de Wet, R Raj, M Hearnden, P Weinstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Freshwater resources are a high-priority issue in the Pacific region. Water shortage is a serious problem in many small island states, and many depend heavily on rainwater as the source of their water. Lack of safe water supplies is an important factor in diarrheal illness. There have been no previous studies looking specifically at the relationship between climate variability and diarrhea in the Pacific region. We carried out two related studies to explore the potential relationship between climate variability and the incidence of diarrhea in the Pacific Islands. In the first study, we examined the average annual rates of diarrhea in adults, as well as temperature and water availability from 1986 to 1994 for 18 Pacific Island countries. There was a positive association between annual average temperature and the rate of diarrhea reports, and a negative association between water availability and diarrhea rates. In the second study, we examined diarrhea notifications in Fiji in relation to estimates of temperature and rainfall, using Poisson regression analysis of monthly data for 1978-1998. There were positive associations between diarrhea reports and temperature and between diarrhea reports and extremes of rainfall. These results are consistent with previous research and suggest that global climate change is likely to exacerbate diarrheal illness in many Pacific Island countries.
Clinicopathologic, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors
Authors: Jean—franÇois Emile, Nathalie Théou, Séverine Tabone, Annie Cortez, Philippe Terrier, Marie—thérèse Chaumette, Catherine Julié, Philippe Bertheau, Anne Lavergne—slove, Jean Donadieu, Alain Barrier, Axel Le Cesne, Brigitte Debuire, Antoinette Lemoine
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2004)
Treatment of typhoid fever: a comparative trial of ampicillin and chloramphenicol.
Authors: W. L. Sanders
Journal: BMJ (1965)

This paper is a study of the relative efficacy of ampicillin (Penbritin) and chloramphenicol in the treatment of typhoid fever.A series of 40 patients (20 in each group) were treated in the Sungei Gerong hospital of P.T. Stanvac.The patients, all Indonesian, were allotted at random to either group.Their ages ranged from 2i to 38 years.The age distribution is shown in Table I.TABLE I.-Age Distribution of 40 Patients Age Ampicillin Group Chloramphenicol Groupgiven patient had been so inoculated.Under these circum- stances, taken in conjunction with the clinical findings, a Widal reaction positive in the 0 agglutinin to a titre of 1 in 160 was regarded as diagnostic.The numbers of patients diagnosed by each method is shown in Table II.In all cases treatment was started as soon as the clinical diagnosis was made and the first blood sample had been taken: this may account for the relatively low incidence of positive blood cultures.TABLE II.-Method of Diagnosis Ampicillin Group Positive blood culture . .Positive stool culture . .Positive Widal .. Chloramphenicol Group 10 5 5 8 3 9The average time interval from the onset of the illness to the start of treatment in the ampicillin group was 7.7 days, range 2 to 14 days, and in the chloramphenicol group 7.3 days, range 2 to 21 days.On clinical grounds 10 of the ampicillin group and 7 of the chloramphenicol group were regarded as severe cases.Over 15 years 11-15 ,,
Abstract 4008: Effects of a combination of Atorvastatin and Biochanin A on signal transduction and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Authors: Satya Murthy Tadinada, James C.K. Lai, Alok Bhushan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in the United States. Low survival rate associated with this cancer can be attributed to late detection, invasion and metastasis besides chemo-resistance and relapse following surgical resection. Our previous studies demonstrated combination treatment employing Biochanin A with Atorvastatin, an anti-hyperlipidemic drug, was more effective in inhibiting pancreatic cell growth compared to monotherapy. Biochanin A is a naturally occurring isoflavone exhibiting anti-cancer properties in different cancer models. Flow Cytometry studies have demonstrated early apoptosis in AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells following a 24-hour exposure to the combination treatment while PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells did not show significant apoptosis after the treatment for 24 hours and 48 hours. Ongoing studies support the possibility that combination treatment induces cell cycle arrest in PANC-1 cells. We also studied the effects of the combination on invasiveness and on expression of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways in these cell lines. Gelatin zymography invasion assay showed a higher Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity in cultures exposed to Atorvastatin while Biochanin A decreased the effects of atorvastatin induced MMP-2 activity in combination treatment. Combination treatment exerted differential effects on MAPK, PI3K/AKT, mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways in these cell lines. These results may have implications in design of new chemotherapeutic strategies for treating pancreatic cancer. Acknowledgement This study was supported by grants from INBRE Program, NIH Grant No. P20 RR016454, Mountain States Tumor and Medical Research Institute and University Research Committee, ISU grant. Citation Format: Satya Murthy Tadinada, James C.K. Lai, Alok Bhushan. Effects of a combination of Atorvastatin and Biochanin A on signal transduction and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4008. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4008
Primary Prevention With Metoprolol in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Ray W. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The design of the Metoprolol Atherosclerosis Prevention in Hypertensives (MAPHY) Study<sup>1</sup>is as unorthodox as the results are surprising. How can deletion of the half of the original cohort from centers not electing to use metoprolol as the β-blocker in the Heart Attack Primary Prevention in Hypertensives (HAPPHY) trial and extension of the period of observation for only 15 months yield findings so disparate from those of the parent HAPPHY trial? If smoking men randomized to metoprolol treatment in the MAPHY Study had a significantly lower mortality rate than those randomized to diuretic treatment, yet in the HAPPHY trial there was no difference in mortality between men taking β-blocker (metoprolol or atenolol) and those taking diuretics, irrespective of smoking habits, it seems inescapable that in the atenolol group that was deleted from the MAPHY Study the mortality rate must have been significantly higher for men taking the
P2-12-05: Correlation between Quantitative HER2 Protein Expression and Risk of Brain Metastases in HER2−Positive Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Trastuzumab-Containing Therapy.
Authors: R Duchnowska, W Biernat, B Szostakiewicz, J Sperinde, F Piette, M Haddad, A Paquet, Y Lie, B Czartoryska-Arlukowicz, P Wysocki, T Jankowski, B Radecka, M Foszczynska-Kloda, M Litwiniuk, S Debska, J Weidler, W Huang, M Buyse, M Bates, J Jassem
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background. Patients with HER2−positive breast cancer are at particularly high risk for brain metastases; however, the biological basis is not fully understood. Within HER2−positive breast cancer tumors, it is possible to resolve a ∼1.5-log range of HER2 protein expression using a novel quantitative HER2 assay (HERmark®). We investigated the correlation between quantitative HER2 protein expression in primary breast cancers and the time to brain metastases (TTBM) in HER2−positive advanced breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab. Methods. The study group included 142 consecutive patients who were administered trastuzumab-based therapy for HER2−positive metastatic breast cancer, defined as 3+ categorical staining by immunohistochemistry (IHC). HER-2/neu gene copy number was subsequently quantified as HER2/CEP17 ratio by central laboratory fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). HER2 protein was quantified as total HER2 protein expression (H2T) by the HERmark assay in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor samples. HER2 variables were correlated with clinical features and TTBM measured from the initiation of trastuzumab-containing therapy. Results. H2T level (continuous variable) was correlated with shorter TTBM (HR=2.3; p=0.013), whereas HER2 gene amplification by FISH (p=0.28) and continuous HER2/CEP17 ratio (p=0.25) had no significant prognostic impact. The correlation between continuous H2T level and TTBM was confirmed in a multivariate analysis (HR=3.2; p=0.021). Controlling for the competing risk of death from causes other than brain metastases, continuous H2T remained a strong correlate of TTBM (HR=2.7; p=0.0009). In the subset of patients that was centrally-determined HER2 positive by FISH (117 patients), above-median H2T level was significantly associated with shorter TTBM (HR=2.4; p=0.005), whereas this was not true for median FISH/CEP17 ratio (p=0.4). In a multivariate analysis of this subset, continuous H2T (p=0.021) and a time dependent covariate capturing time to non-brain metastases (p=0.0044) were prognostic for TTBM, whereas FISH/CEP17, ER, PgR and grade were not. Conclusions. These data reveal a strong relationship between quantitative HER2 protein expression levels and the risk of brain relapse in HER2−positive advanced breast cancer patients. Consequently, quantitative assessment of HER2 protein expression may inform and facilitate refinements in therapeutic treatment strategies for selected subpopulations of patients in this group. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-05.
Clinical presentation, management and outcomes of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Hassan Al-Thani, Ayman El-Menyar, Kakil Ibrahim Rasul, Maryam Al-Sulaiti, Jamela El-Mabrok, Khairi Hajaji, Hesham Elgohary, AbdelHakem Tabeb
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of skeletal fractures: a population-based study
Authors: Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, Min Tang, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Magnus Björkholm, Cecilie Blimark, Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist, Anders Wahlin, Ingemar Turesson, Ola Landgren
Journal: Blood (2010)
Adoptive immunotherapy induces CNS dendritic cell recruitment and antigen presentation during clearance of a persistent viral infection
Authors: Henning Lauterbach, Elina I. Zuniga, Phi Truong, Michael B.A. Oldstone, Dorian B. McGavern
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Given the global impact of persistent infections on the human population, it is of the utmost importance to devise strategies to noncytopathically purge tissues of infectious agents. The central nervous system (CNS) poses a unique challenge when considering such strategies, as it is an immunologically specialized compartment that contains a nonreplicative cell population. Administration of exogenously derived pathogen-specific memory T cells (referred to as adoptive immunotherapy) to mice burdened with a persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection from birth results in eradication of the pathogen from all tissues, including the CNS. In this study, we sought mechanistic insights into this highly successful therapeutic approach. By monitoring the migration of traceable LCMV-specific memory CD8+ T cells after immunotherapy, it was revealed that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) distributed widely throughout the CNS compartment early after immunotherapy, which resulted in a dramatic elevation in the activity of CNS antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Immunotherapy induced microglia activation as well as the recruitment of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) into the brain parenchyma. However, DCs emerged as the only CNS APC population capable of inducing memory CTLs to preferentially produce the antiviral cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α, a cytokine demonstrated to be required for successful immunotherapeutic clearance. DCs were also found to be an essential element of the immunotherapeutic process because in their absence, memory T cells failed to undergo secondary expansion, and viral clearance was not attained in the CNS. These experiments underscore the importance of DCs in the immunotherapeutic clearance of a persistent viral infection and suggest that strategies to elevate the activation/migration of DCs (especially within the CNS) may facilitate pathogen clearance.
Do Health Care Premiums Affect Patient Enrollment?
Authors: Donald A. Barr
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —While I concur with many of the assertions of Rice et al<sup>1</sup>in their essay identifying weaknesses inherent in the Jackson Hole approach to health care, one of their most important arguments is, in my experience, false. They state, "[A]lthough consumers would be expected to respond somewhat to premium differences when choosing their health plans, the magnitude of this response does not appear to be particularly great," and go on to conclude that "relying on enrollees' cost consciousness is a fundamentally weak strategy." As part of a study I have done, I was provided data by the Department of Medical Economics of the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Health Care Plan (KP) for the period 1985 to 1989. This was a period in which KP experienced dramatic swings in membership, going from a net membership loss in the third quarter of 1985 to an increase of more
Abstract ES08-3: MR imaging for predicting response to neoadjuvant treatment
Authors: NM Hylton
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the breast is a sensitive and non-invasive method for assessing both tumor morphology and physiology. In comparison to mammography and ultrasound, MRI has particular advantages for demonstrating the anatomic extent of disease and it is effective for assessing the response of primary breast tumors to pre-operative (neoadjuvant) treatment. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) are two approaches that provide quantitative in vivo information about the state of disease and have been used to measure breast tumor changes associated with treatment. These techniques add functional information about breast cancer by sensitizing the MRI signal to tumor vascularity, known to be associated with tumor grade and aggressiveness, and water diffusion, a property affected by cell density that can reflect tumor growth as well as cell death from cytotoxic treatment, respectively. MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has also been applied in the breast to study tumor metabolism, although the low spatial resolution currently limits the utility of this technique. This talk will discuss the emerging applications of functional MRI techniques for assessing breast tumor response to treatment in the neoadjuvant setting. The various roles for use of quantitative imaging in assessing neoadjuvant treatment will be considered. Imaging criteria can be the basis for patient inclusion or continuation on therapy, and can also be used as a biomarker to quantify response. Depending on how well the efficacy of an imaging biomarker has been established, it can also serve as the endpoint for evaluating the benefit of treatment, or as a surrogate endpoint for other clinically meaningful outcomes. A promising but more speculative role for imaging biomarkers is for prediction of therapeutic response. Current findings will be presented from the I-SPY (ACRIN 6657/CALGB 150007) trial, a multi-center study integrating biomarkers and imaging to maximize effectiveness of neoadjuvant treatment for patients with locally-advanced breast cancer. The experience implementing standardized MRI protocols in the multi-center setting will be discussed. This talk is intended for imaging scientists and clinical researchers involved in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. It is expected that the audience will gain knowledge leading to the appropriate application of breast MRI techniques in the neoadjuvant treatment setting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr ES08-3.
In Vivo and In Vitro Survival of Glycerolized Frozen Platelets
Authors: Walter F. Ballinger
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IN RECENT YEARS it has been recognized that thrombocytopenic hemorrhage may occur from massive transfusion with stored whole blood, from toxic or immunologie causes, or from the depression of platelet production following radiation or chemotherapy. Restoration of the coagulation mechanism by replacement of viable platelets will effectively control the bleeding. In the event of nuclear warfare, the fatality rate from tlirombo- cytopenia would be high. It is obvious that a method to store blood platelets for long periods of time should be developed in order that coagulation deficiencies secondary to thrombocytopenia may be treated rapidly and effectively. These needs prompted us to report a series of experiments in 1958 in which canine platelets were frozen in the presence of glycerol and stored for periods up to 4 months at -79° C. (-110.2° F.). The preservation of clot retracting ability following thawing indicated that at least a portion of the platelets
No sex differences in immunisation rates of British south Asian children: the effect of migration?
Authors: A. Martineau, M. White, R. Bhopal
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To investigate possible risk factors and mechanisms behind the four times higher and diverging mortality from coronary heart disease in Lithuanian compared with Swedish middle aged men.Design: Concomitant cross sectional comparison of randomly selected 50 year old men without serious acute or chronic disease.Methods and equipment were identical or highly standardised between the centres.Setting: Linköping (Sweden) and Vilnius (Lithuania).Subjects: 101 and 109 men aged 50 in Linköping and Vilnius respectively.Main outcome measures: Anthropometric data, blood pressure, smoking, plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation, and plasma concentrations of fat soluble antioxidant vitamins.Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher (141 v 133 mm Hg, P < 0.01), smoking habits were similar, and plasma total cholesterol (5.10 v 5.49 mmol/l, P < 0.01) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.30 v 3.68 mmol/l, P < 0.01) lower in men from Vilnius compared with those from Linköping.Triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations did not differ between the two groups.The resistance of low density lipoprotein to oxidation was lower in the men from Vilnius; lag phase was 67.6 v 79.5 minutes (P < 0.001).Also lower in the men from Vilnius were mean plasma concentrations of lipid soluble antioxidant vitamins ( carotene 377 v 510 nmol/l, P < 0.01; lycopene 327 v 615 nmol/l, P < 0.001; and lipid adjusted tocopherol 0.25 v 0.46 mol/mmol, P < 0.001.Tocopherol concentration did not differ).Regression analysis showed that the lag phase was still significantly shorter by 10 minutes in men from Vilnius when the influence of other known factors was taken into account. Conclusions:The high mortality from coronary heart disease in Lithuania is not caused by traditional risk factors alone.Mechanisms related to antioxidant state may be important.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF MONOCYTES INTO FIBROBLASTS THROUGH THE ACTION OF ROUS VIRUS
Authors: Alexis Carrel, Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

In normal cultures, the transformation of monocytes into fibroblasts generally occurred when cells became packed together through some mechanical factors that prevented their free migration and determined their accumulation. Various modifications of the medium, the addition of dead tissue, and of trypsin or the products of trypsin digestion, failed to bring about the transformation. The inoculation af cultures of monocytes with filtered extract of Rous sarcoma frequently determined the appearance of fibroblasts. The first change undergone by the monocytes cultivated in vitro was a large increase in their size. Later, the giant monocytes became transformed into cells that did not differ essentially from those that grow from a fragment of adult connective tissue.
Severe Local and General Reaction to Insulin Zinc Suspension and Soluble Insulin
Authors: C. N. Armstrong, W. H. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1954)

1952, in an unpublished lecture, I described how I obtained a 26% increase in the positive isolations of Sh. sonnei from post-acute cases by using this medium to supplement Leifson's deoxycholate citrate agar medium.Since then Armstrong (1954) has published results demonstrating sim- ilar advantages (21-31%) in the use of the selenite medium.Cultural improvements of this order make it probable that, were a fresh comparison to be undertaken, swabs would show little if any advantage over the faeces for the isolation of Sh. sonnei even if the swabs were correctly taken and cultured without delay.