tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of Rheumatology: SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES
Authors: A. Keat
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Psoriasis * Inflammatory bowel disease * Conjunctivitis and iritis * Genitourinary inflammation * CarditisThe spondyloarthropathies are a cluster of overlapping forms of inflammatory arthritis that are distinct from rheumatoid arthritis and characteristically affect the spine and entheses (insertions of tendons and ligaments).The syndromes include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, and enteropathic arthritis.The arthropathy of Whipple's disease and Behget's syndrome may also be included, although these are more controversial.Less clearly defined overlap categories also exist.* Acute bacterial infection * Giardiasis and amoebiasis * Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease * Whipple's disease * Coeliac disease * Jejunoileal bypass syndrome * Subclinical lesions
Implantation of Placental Tissue in the Cervix: Complication of Simultaneous Cone Biopsy and Abortion
Authors: Yale Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Abortion-related implantation of fetal tissues into the uterus and perimetric tissues is known to occur, but abortion-related implantation of placental tissue has not been previously reported. We recently encountered a case of implantation of placental tissue into the cervix following simultaneous cervical cone biopsy and abortion. The patient was asymptomatic, and the implantation was discovered incidentally in a subsequent hysterectomy specimen.  Report of a Case.—  A 31-year-old woman was hospitalized in her eighth week of pregnancy for evaluation of cervical dysplasia detected by a Papanicolaou smear. She also desired an abortion. A cone biopsy of the cervix was performed and was immediately followed by a suction abortion. The cone biopsy showed carcinoma in situ. The endometrial specimen contained products of conception. A modified radical hysterectomy was performed ten weeks later.  Several residual foci of cervical carcinoma in situ were found in the hysterectomy specimen. The cone biopsy
Abstract B65: The mitochondrial antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase 2 is necessary for ovarian cancer spheroid formation
Authors: LP Madhubhani Hemachandra, Usawadee Dier, Larissa M. Uusitalo, Nadine Hempel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The formation of cellular spheroid aggregates in the Intraperitoneal Cavity (IP) is considered to be an important step in the metastatic progression of ovarian cancer. Spheroids may represent a unique morphological adaptation that enhances long-term survival of tumor cells in the IP cavity, reminiscent of dormant cell populations. Like other dormant tumor cells, in vivo-isolated and in vitro-cultured spheroids exhibit enhanced chemoresistance and display markers of quiescence. We show that expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2), which regulates mitochondrial redox balance, is significantly increased during formation of dense spheroids from a number of ovarian cancer cell lines. This is accompanied by increases in the quiescence marker p27(kip1). Importantly, siRNA and shRNA knock-down of Sod2 compromise spheroid formation and integrity, and abrogate increases in p27(kip1) expression in anchorage-independent 3D cultures. Mechanistically, it is likely that increases in Sod2 expression protect cells from build-up of mitochondrial and IP cavity-derived ROS, enhancing their survival as dormant spheroid populations. In addition, bioenergetic data suggest that Sod2 is directly involved in enhancing the mitochondrial integrity of tumor cells within spheroid aggregates. This leads to a metabolic profile that is associated with a slowing in ATP demand and an enhanced respiratory reserve capacity, with Sod2 being intricately involved in manipulating these changes. Enhanced Sod2 expression, a concomitant decrease in mitochondrial ROS and changes in mitochondrial function are likely indicators of a quiescence adaptation of tumor spheroids, necessary for survival in the IP cavity. Manipulating mitochondrial function and redox balance by effectively targeting mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes may provide novel therapeutic strategies to combat recurrence and metastatic spread of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: LP Madhubhani Hemachandra, Usawadee Dier, Larissa M. Uusitalo, Nadine Hempel. The mitochondrial antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase 2 is necessary for ovarian cancer spheroid formation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B65.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Pure Severe Native Aortic Valve Regurgitation
Authors: David A. Roy, Ulrich Schaefer, Victor Guetta, David Hildick-Smith, Helge Möllmann, Nicholas Dumonteil, Thomas Modine, Johan Bosmans, Anna Sonia Petronio, Neil Moat, Axel Linke, Cesar Moris, Didier Champagnac, Radoslaw Parma, Andrzej Ochala, Diego Medvedofsky, Tiffany Patterson, Felix Woitek, Marjan Jahangiri, Jean-Claude Laborde, Stephen J. Brecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
IN VIVO ULTRASOUND MOLECULAR IMAGING OF ARTERIAL THROMBUS WITH CYCLIC RGD-MODIFIED MICROBUBBLES
Authors: Jian-Ping Bin, Guang-quan Hu, Jue-fei Wu, Li Yang, Jian-guo Bin, Ying Liu, Dong-dong Chen, Yun-bin Xiao, Li-jing Ji
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Variation in Comorbidity and Clinical Management in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Lung Cancer in Four Scottish Centers
Authors: Derek Grose, Graham Devereux, Louise Brown, Richard Jones, Dave Sharma, Colin Selby, David S. Morrison, Kirsty Docherty, David McIntosh, Greig Louden, Penny Downer, Marianne Nicolson, Robert Milroy
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Learning from Winterbourne View
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hospitals like it may be closing, but their lessons remain relevant



To mark her presidency of the BMA, Sheila Hollins, emeritus professor of the psychiatry of disability at St George’s, University of London, has organised a series of seminars on the problems faced by vulnerable groups in obtaining appropriate healthcare. Adults with challenging behaviour were the first group to be discussed, at a meeting that took place just before publication of the government’s final report into care at the Winterbourne View Hospital.1

Eighteen months earlier the BBC had broadcast a television programme made undercover at the private hospital.2 As a result of the Panorama programme, six care workers at the hospital were jailed for “cruel, callous, and degrading” abuse of disabled patients; five more received suspended sentences. The judge condemned Castlebeck Care, the hospital’s owner, for running the hospital “with a view to profit and with a scandalous lack of regard to the interests of its residents and staff.”3

At first sight Winterbourne looked like a throwback to the private lunatic asylums of the Victorian …
Surgical Treatment of Acquired Valvular Disease as Viewed by the Internist
Authors: WILLIAM LIKOFF
Journal: Circulation (1960)

IT IS an obvious fact that acquired valvular deformities may impose a serious mechanical burden upon the heart.Over the years it has been logical to hope that definitive surgical technics would be developed to alter these defects so as to restore normal cardiac function.However plausible the need, the evolution of surgery for acquired valvular disease was delayed by the fear that the heart could not tolerate unusual manipulation and continue its necessary function.When it was established that the heart was remarkably durable and competent in the face of arduous operative interference, cardiac surgery developed with dramatic rapidity.Today, approximately a decade after the first successful modern operation for stenosis of the mitral valve, the current and potential role of surgery in the treatment of acquired valvular disease requires examination.The title of this presentation implies that the medical profession holds an ambivalent view on the matter-one by the internist, the other by the surgeon.Unfortunately this was, and in many areas continues to be, true.Trained in the unique promise of the direct approach, the surgeon has been an enthusiast.Sensitive to the slowly deteriorating pat- tern of many diseases, the internist has been reluctant to accord the surgeon a primary role in the treatment of cardiac ailments.This dichotomy should not persist.Perceptive reflection on the work accomplished in the past decade permits an evaluation based on experience and fact, not prejudice.Unfortunately both protagonists and antagonists must admit that much of this information was exploited far beyond its natural importanee.
GASTRO-INTESTINAL STUDIES. II. PANCREATIC ENZYMES IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: O. M. Helmer, Paul J. Fouts, L. G. Zerfas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

In a previous article (1) an attempt was made to correlate the findings in the gastric juice of patients having pernicious anemia with the clinical condition of the patients, the degree of central nervous system involvement present, and the maintenance dose of liver extract.Little or no corre- lation could be found; therefore, this study of the duodenal contents of patients having pernicious anemia was undertaken.The work of Castle and his associates (2) also indicated that additional studies on the diges- tion of proteins in cases of pernicious anemia should be carried out.Ehrmann and Lederer (3) (1908) were the first to describe the results of duodenal analyses in cases of achylia gastrica, normal or slightly higher values being found by them.Einhorn (4) (1910) reported the results of the examination of 7 cases of achylia gastrica, in which 4 had normal trypsin values, 1 a low value, and 2 a complete absence of trypsin.In 1914 he reported (5) two cases of achylia gastrica with chronic pancreatitis in which there was an absence of trypsin but in which the other duodenal enzymes were approximately normal.He found (6) high enzymatic ac- tivity in the duodenal contents of 3 other cases with achylia gastrica, in 1918.Crohn (7), in 1913, recorded a case of gastric achylia in which there were normal amounts of all duodenal enzymes except pancreatic rennin.In 1915, he (8) stated that "in my present series, consisting of over 120 cases, 103 cases are regarded as presenting normal pancreatic function; these include many pathological conditions; gastric lesions, benign and malignant, achylia gastrica, organic syphilis, exophthalmic goitre, second- ary and primary anemias, malignant growths of various organs, diabetes mellitus, etc." Chace and Myers (9), in 1913, reported 1 case of pernicious anemia and 3 other cases of achylia gastrica in which there were normal amounts of duodenal enzymes.White (10), in 1916, studied another case of pernicious anemia and 3 other cases of achylia gastrica, all four having normal or high pancreatic enzyme values.In 1922, McClure and Jones (11), after studying two cases of pernicious anemia in severe relapse and two other cases of achylia gastrica, concluded that "in achylia gastrica and pernicious anemia no abnormalities in activity of * Probable error of mean.
Drug companies agree to cut price of HPV vaccine to developing countries to increase accessibility
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

More girls in developing countries will have access to vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV), the infection responsible for most forms of cervical cancer, after drug companies agreed to supply the vaccine at a much lower price.

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI Alliance), a public-private partnership whose aim is to increase access to vaccines in developing countries, has negotiated with the companies Merck and GlaxoSmithKline for vaccines to be priced at $4.50 (£2.90; €3.40) and $4.60 a dose, respectively. The previous lowest price for developing countries was around $13 a dose.

GAVI hopes that by 2020 around 30 million girls in 40 countries will have access to the vaccine and that the cost of the vaccine will reduce further as demand for it rises.

Of 15 countries …
Risk Factor Control for Coronary Artery Disease Secondary Prevention in Large Randomized Trials
Authors: Michael E. Farkouh, William E. Boden, Vera Bittner, Victoria Muratov, Pamela Hartigan, May Ogdie, Marnie Bertolet, Shiny Mathewkutty, Koon Teo, David J. Maron, Sanjum S. Sethi, Michael Domanski, Robert L. Frye, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Teaching Psychological Medicine in the Family Practice Office
Authors: Ralph N. Zabarenko
Journal: JAMA (1971)

An educational experiment was performed in which a psychiatrist and family physician met in the latter's office for a year at weekly intervals. Both participants felt the experiment was useful in teaching the addition of practical and useful psychological understanding in a directly applicable way. We are not yet in a position to estimate the cost/benefit ratio for changes in physician performance, but the early indications from this experiment suggest further field trials might be useful, not only in the private practice setting, but in many of the new family medicine programs.
Antibiotic-Resistant Plague
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE RELATION OF PHYSIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES TO ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.
Authors: EDWARD DAVIES McDANIEL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

As matter is known only by its properties, so life is known only through its functions and other manifestations. Its state or condition is judged from these. It often happens that by concussion and other forms of shock, by submersion in water or other fluid, by smothering and other modes of suffocation and strangulation, by extreme debility and exhaustion, by exposure to cold or heat, by starvation, by the influence of various narcotics and anesthetics, by sudden influence of grief, surprise, fear or other passion, and very notably, by the failure of a prompt occurrence of breathing of the fetus when it comes from the mother, a state of apparent death (call it obscured or depressed life if you choose) is presented. This state has been variously called drowning, asphyxia, syncope, apnea, etc. On proper examination it will be found that the functions of life which are in abeyance in
Increased tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme activity induces insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis in mice
Authors: Loredana Fiorentino, Alessia Vivanti, Michele Cavalera, Valeria Marzano, Maurizio Ronci, Marta Fabrizi, Stefano Menini, Giuseppe Pugliese, Rossella Menghini, Rama Khokha, Renato Lauro, Andrea Urbani, Massimo Federici
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE, also known as ADAM17) was recently involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. We observed that TACE activity was significantly higher in livers of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 1 month, and this activity was increased in liver > white adipose tissue > muscle after 5 months compared with chow control. In mouse hepatocytes, C(2)C(12) myocytes, and 3T3F442A adipocytes, TACE activity was triggered by palmitic acid, lipolysaccharide, high glucose, and high insulin. TACE overexpression significantly impaired insulin-dependent phosphorylation of AKT, GSK3, and FoxO1 in mouse hepatocytes. To test the role of TACE activation in vivo, we used tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (Timp3) null mice, because Timp3 is the specific inhibitor of TACE and Timp3(-/-) mice have higher TACE activity compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Timp3(-/-) mice fed a HFD for 5 months are glucose-intolerant and insulin-resistant; they showed macrovesicular steatosis and ballooning degeneration compared with WT mice, which presented only microvesicular steatosis. Shotgun proteomics analysis revealed that Timp3(-/-) liver showed a significant differential expression of 38 proteins, including lower levels of adenosine kinase, methionine adenosysltransferase I/III, and glycine N-methyltransferase and higher levels of liver fatty acid-binding protein 1. These changes in protein levels were also observed in hepatocytes infected with adenovirus encoding TACE. All these proteins play a role in fatty acid uptake, triglyceride synthesis, and methionine metabolism, providing a molecular explanation for the increased hepatosteatosis observed in Timp3(-/-) compared with WT mice.We have identified novel mechanisms, governed by the TACE-Timp3 interaction, involved in the determination of insulin resistance and liver steatosis during overfeeding in mice.
Keys to Successful Surgery: New Basic Techniques with Selected Sample Operations.
Authors: Warner Wells
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This is a do-it-yourself book in gynecologic technique. The first 71 pages are devoted to finger training, the tying of the "slow" and "fast" square knots with appropriate exercises for finger training. The next 100 pages consider the "hidden error," "twin stitches," and "daily episodes" which latter cover oozing, tying under tension, the use of hemostats, followed by essential technical innovations, skills, and instruments developed by the author. Part II devotes 327 pages to the introduction of sample operations such as wedge-shaped excision of a cervical lesion, cold knife conization, myomectomy, retrograde appendectomy, various hysterectomy techniques, cervico-pexy, hemorrhoidectomy, and the relief of urinary incontinence and the incompetent cervix. The final section of the book contains a key finder and a series of dialogues between the author and various questioners. A resident states, "I'm sure you will be delighted to hear that I did two chain suture hysterectomies on the training
Vascular and micro-environmental influences on MSC-coral hydroxyapatite construct-based bone tissue engineering
Authors: Lei Cai, Qian Wang, Congmin Gu, Jingguo Wu, Jian Wang, Ning Kang, Jiewei Hu, Fang Xie, Li Yan, Xia Liu, Yilin Cao, Ran Xiao
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Race Hygiene and National Efficiency: The Eugenics of Wilhelm Schallmayer
Authors: Steven H. Miles
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The specter of Nazi medicine haunts medical ethics. It challenges discussion of euthanasia, health-care rationing, genetic counseling, sterilization of the mentally disabled, and the limitation of treatment for the severely disabled. This oft-raised apparition dissipates when it is invoked (or seen) as a rhetorical phantom rather than as a peril that could emerge again from the enlightened science of this age. Horror at Nazi medicine's apotheosis has largely diverted scholarship from its antecedents. Troubling questions persist. Nazi leaders claimed that German fascism was "nothing but applied biology." To what extent was medical collaboration with Nazi horrors forced, voluntary, or enthusiastic? Was there an erosion of the medical ethic before fascism that was continuous with the medical abuses that became the hallmark of the Third Reich? Sheila Weiss' monograph begins with the medical theory of innate degeneracy that was prominent in the late 19th century. This theory held that retardation, criminality,
Rapid component IKr of the guinea-pig cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current is inhibited by β1-adrenoreceptor activation, via cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent pathways
Authors: C Karle
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

The antiarrhythmic potential of betablockers contributes to their beneficial effects in the treatment of cardiac diseases, although the molecular basis of their class II antiarrhythmic action has not been clarified yet.To investigate a putative functional link between beta-adrenoreceptors and the fast component of cardiac delayed rectifier K(+) channels (I(Kr)), whole-cell patch-clamp experiments were performed with isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Tail currents of I(Kr) were measured at -40 mV after short (200 ms) test pulses to +40 mV.After application of the unspecific beta-receptor agonist isoproterenol (10 microM) for 12 min, the I(Kr) tail current was decreased by 72%, with an IC(50) of 1.4 microM. The specific beta(1)-blocker CGP207120A (10 microM) significantly attenuated the isoproterenol effect (net 24% decrease). The specific beta(1)-agonist xamoterol (10 microM), could mimic the isoproterenol effect (58% decrease). Modulators of beta(2)- or beta(3)-adrenoreceptors were far less effective. When isoproterenol or xamoterol were combined with KT5720 (2.5 microM), a specific inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), their effects were drastically reduced, indicating that PKA presumably mediates the beta(1)-adrenergic inhibition of I(Kr). Tail current reductions by cAMP, forskolin, PKA catalytic subunit and a combination of PKA holoenzyme and cAMP support an involvement of PKA in the regulation of I(Kr).The functional link between I(Kr) and the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor involving PKA may play an important role in arrhythmogenesis and contribute to the antiarrhythmic action of clinically used beta(1)-blockers.
Effect of a transplantable insulinoma upon serotonin concentrations in the intestine of the rat.
Authors: J M Conlon, C J Bailey, P R Flatt
Journal: Gut (1987)

Rapid growth of a transplantable insulinoma in rats over a 14 day period results in hyperphagia together with a selective increase in the weight and enteroglucagon (GLI) concentration of the small intestine. Measurement of serotonin concentrations by an HPLC/fluorometric method demonstrated an increase in blood (91%; p less than 0.05) and in extracts of colon (22%; p less than 0.05) but no change in extracts of the small intestine and caecum. The data support the hypothesis that the rise in enteroglucagon is related directly to the growth of the small intestine and is not a non-specific effect of hyperphagia.
Carcinogenicity studies on halogenated hydrocarbons.
Authors: E K Weisburger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

A series of halogenated compounds was tested by oral intubation in 200 Osborne-Mendel rats and 200 B6C3F1 mice of both sexes. Carbon tetrachloride, used as a positive control, induced liver and adrenal tumors in mice and neoplastic nodules in the livers of rats. 1,2-Dibromoethane and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane caused stomach tumors with many metastases in both rats and mice. Chloroform, known to cause hepatocellular carcinomas in mice, led in addition to kidney tumors in male rats. 1,2-Dichloroethane was much weaker than the analog, 1,2-dibromoethane, and induced only a few stomach tumors in rats. It increased liver and lung tumors in mice. Most of the compounds, namely, trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, hexachloroethane, and tetrachloroethylene, increased hepatocellular carcinomas in mice but had little or no action in rats. Iodoform tended to increase thyroid tumors in male rats and hepatocellular carcinomas in male mice. The action of 3-chloropropene was questionable. No tumors could be attributed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl-chloroform).