tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insertion of permanent pacemakers as a day case procedure.
Authors: B Dalvi
Journal: BMJ (1990)

treated with neutrons and photons.2Results were significantly better, however, for neutron than photon treatment in node positive patients, but worse in node negative patients with the suggestion that these were caused by inadequate planning because of the fixed neutron beams.No opposition was expressed to continued trials now under way.The discontinuation of funding suggested by Dr Tobias refers to that of new cyclotrons rather than of existing units.The arguments against neutrons have been well rehearsed.We still do not have clear cut answers.The proposed unit at St Thomas's would be for not only neutron therapy but also particle treatment of eye tumours and nuclide production for positron emission tomography.Cancer therapy depends on adequate planning of treatment obtainable only with the newer high energy neutrons.The earlier work at Hammersmith using fixed horizontal beams was a remarkable achievement, whatever the final value of neutron therapy.The real interest in this debate lies not only in the true role of neutron therapy but in the political machinations of the funding process.These have no long term significance.We await with interest the results of clinical trials and the evaluation of data obtained by positron emission tomography.
Eczema vaccinatum in a family with Darier's disease
Authors: O.P. SALO, M.J. VALLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Eczema vaccinatum in a mother and son with Darier's disease is described. The infection was accidentally transmitted from a recently vaccinated grandchild. Vaccinia virus was isolated from the blister fluid in both cases. The mother was treated with hyperimmune anti-vaccinial gamma-globulin and N-methylisatin β-thiosemicarbazone (MarboranR). Both patients recovered.
An inside story
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

One of our purposes in reading is to extend the range of our sympathies by imaginative entry into situations of which we can have no more direct experience. Against this, however, is the increasing tendency of bookshops to classify literature by certain characteristics of authors, to be bought, presumably, by people who share those characteristics. In other words we read not to extend but to limit our experience and to fortify ourselves against others, in the manner of Afrikaner trekkers ranging their wagons for safety in the vast night of the veldt.

Still, it is only human to want to read what authors have made of one’s metier, which is why …
Growth Retardation and Leaky SCID Phenotype of Ku70-Deficient Mice
Authors: Yansong Gu, Katherine J Seidl, Gary A Rathbun, Chengming Zhu, John P Manis, Nienke van der Stoep, Laurie Davidson, Hwei-Ling Cheng, JoAnn M Sekiguchi, Karen Frank, Patricia Stanhope-Baker, Mark S Schlissel, David B Roth, Frederick W Alt
Journal: Immunity (1997)

Ku70, Ku80, and DNA-PKcs are subunits of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), an enzyme implicated in DNA double-stranded break repair and V(D)J recombination. Our Ku70-deficient mice were about 50% the size of control littermates, and their fibroblasts were ionizing radiation sensitive and displayed premature senescence associated with the accumulation of nondividing cells. Ku70-deficient mice lacked mature B cells or serum immunoglobulin but, unexpectedly, reproducibly developed small populations of thymic and peripheral α/β T lineage cells and had a significant incidence of thymic lymphomas. In association with B and T cell developmental defects, Ku70-deficient cells were severely impaired for joining of V(D)J coding and recombination signal sequences. These unanticipated features of the Ku70-deficient phenotype with respect to lymphocyte development and V(D)J recombination may reflect differential functions of the three DNA-PK components.
Diabetes duration and cause-specific mortality in the Verona Diabetes Study.
Authors: E Brun, R G Nelson, P H Bennett, G Imperatore, G Zoppini, G Verlato, M Muggeo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the 10-year mortality and effect of diabetes duration on overall and cause-specific mortality in diabetic subjects in the Verona Diabetes Study (VDS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Records from diabetes clinics, family physicians, and a drug consumption database were used to identify 5,818 subjects &amp;gt; or =45 years of age with type 2 diabetes who were alive and residing in Verona, Italy on 31 December 1986. Vital status of each subject was ascertained on 31 December 1996. Underlying causes of death were determined from death certificates. Death rates and death rate ratios (DRRs) were computed and standardized to the population of Verona in 1991. RESULTS: During the study, 2,328 subjects died; 974 deaths were attributable to cardiovascular disease, 517 to neoplasms, 324 to diabetes-related diseases, 134 to digestive diseases, 250 to other natural causes, and 48 to external causes. There were 81 subjects who died of unknown causes. Death rates from natural causes were higher in men than in women (DRR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.5) and rose in both sexes with increasing duration of diabetes (P = 0.001). Among the natural causes of death, those for diabetes-related diseases were strongly related to diabetes duration (P = 0.001). a modest relationship with duration was also found for ischemic heart disease in men (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular disease was the principal cause of death among people with type 2 diabetes in the VDS. Rates for natural causes of death rose with increasing duration of diabetes. Deaths from diabetes-related diseases in both sexes and from ischemic heart disease in men were largely responsible for this increase.
Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Children
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Oleske et al<sup>1</sup>suggesting that children living in high-risk households are susceptible to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was widely publicized in the press and the media. The alarm that this report has generated among the general public seems premature, since the conclusions reached by Oleske and co-workers are far from convincing. The statement that "the illnesses in these youngsters were related in some way to household exposure" seems unwarranted. It seems probable that most, if not all, cases reported by Oleske et al were acquired in utero since the age at onset in all eight patients varied from birth to 9 months. Even the two babies whose fathers had AIDS may have acquired the disease in utero if the "agent" had been sexually transmitted to the two mothers, neither of whom were immunologically studied. Recently, immunodeficiency has been reported in female
Bioavailability of Theophylline from Three Different Tablets in Asthmatic Patients and Their Bronchodilating Effects in Combination with Terbutaline Inhalation
Authors: Karin Svedmyr, Tore Mellstrand, Nils Svedmyr
Journal: Allergy (1982)

The bioavailability of three different theophylline tablets (microcrystallinic theophylline, Theolair®, Nuelin®, 3M Riker), choline theophyllinate as a new film‐coated tablet (Teovent®, Ferrosan, Sweden) and theophyllaminopropanol (Oxyphylline® Draco, Sweden) was investigated in eight adult asthmatics in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study. Effects on ventilatory capacity (FEV 1 and FVC), circulation (heart rate and blood pressure) and skeletal muscle tremor were followed. The theophylline concentration was determined by gas chromatography. Forty‐five minutes after theophylline administration the plasma concentrations were almost the same for all four formulations. The bioavailability was also almost identical. The half‐life for intravenous theophylline in these asthmatics was 7.4 ± 0.64. The three tablet formulations had equal effect on FEV 1 and the effect was sustained throughout the 6‐h period. Six hours after theophylline administration five terbutaline inhalations induced the same further increase in FEV 1 . The results indicate that theophylline alone has only a moderate acute bronchodilating effect at recommended plasma concentrations but gives a good effect when combined with inhaled β 2 ‐adrenostimulants.
Drug-induced cutaneous reactions. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program on 15,438 consecutive inpatients, 1975 to 1982
Authors: M. Bigby
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We analyzed the data on 15,438 consecutive medical inpatients monitored by the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program from June 1975 to June 1982 to determine the rates of allergic cutaneous reactions to drugs introduced since 1975 and to confirm and extend findings from an earlier study of the preceding 22,227 patients. There were 358 reactions occurring in 347 patients, for an overall reaction rate among patients of 2.2%. Each patient received a mean of eight different drugs. Rashes were attributed to 51 drugs, and 75% of the allergic cutaneous reactions were attributed to antibiotics, blood products, and inhaled mucolytics. Amoxicillin (51.4 reactions per 1000 patients exposed), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (33.8/1000), and ampicillin (33.2/1000) had the highest reaction rates. Drug-specific reaction rates ranged from zero to 51.4 per 1000 and were determined for 180 drugs or drug groups. These results provide physicians with quantitative data that will be helpful in clinical decision making when drug-induced exanthems, urticaria, or generalized pruritus occurs.
Treating the Patient With Sore Throat Theory v Practice
Authors: Alan L. Bisno
Journal: JAMA (1983)

There is no doubt that the incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in North America and western Europe has plummeted over the course of the 20th century. The reasons for this decline are poorly understood but probably relate to a combination of factors, including improved socioeconomic conditions, widespread use of antibiotics in therapy for acute respiratory tract infections, and changes in the rheumatogenic potential of currently prevalent group A streptococcal strains.<sup>1</sup>The decline in ARF does<i>not</i>, however, seem to be due to a disappearance of group A streptococci from the environment. The organism is readily isolated from the throats of a substantial minority of children initially seen with acute pharyngitis. Whatever the reasons, the incidence of ARF in certain parts of the United States has dropped as low as one case per 200,000 school-aged children per year.<sup>2</sup> Currently accepted strategies for management of simple sore throat are
Plight of Doctors in Central African Federation
Authors: E. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

the absurdly low salaries paid to hospital junior medical staff.He has also unfortu- nately an extremely low opinion of general practitioners and the work they do.He seems to subscribe to the " your life in their hands " type of thinking, whereby the glamour and therefore importance of surgery outweighs the routine and the humdrum.No one has said that general practitioners do 90% of the work.What they do is to deal with 90% of the people wanting medical advice.The 10% that they have to refer is in no general practitioner's opinion inferior or less time-consuming that the cases they deal with themselves.No general practitioner would equate the prescribing of an expectorant to the saving of a man's life by the removal of an extra- dural haematoma; just as no surgeon would
ASSESSMENT OF ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, NUMBERS OF CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS, SOLUBLE ADHESION MOLECULES AND SERUM LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS SUGGEST THE ABSENCE OF RELEVANT ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CONTEMPORARY PATIENTS WITH REPAIRED COARCTATION
Authors: Robert M. Radke, Gerhard-Paul Diller, Michaela Duck, Stefan Orwat, Aleksander Kempny, Thomas Thum, Helmut Baumgartner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Botulism Hazard
Authors: Henry S. Sacks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 June 1997The Botulism HazardHenry S. Sacks, MD, PhDHenry S. Sacks, MD, PhDMount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029-6574Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-11-199706010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Townes and colleagues on an outbreak of type A botulism [1] apparently caused by a commercial cheese sauce was fascinating and instructive, and the physicians who made the diagnosis deserve a lot of credit. I am writing to request expansion of the following unreferenced statement in the discussion: “If preservatives that provide an additional intrinsic barrier to the production of botulinum toxin were added to this and similar products, future outbreaks might be prevented.” What preservatives do they have in mind, how do they work, and how much would they add to costs? In ...REFERENCE1. Townes JM, Cieslak PR, Hatheway CL, Solomon HM, Holloway JT, Baker MP. An outbreak of type A botulism associated with a commercial cheese sauce. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:558-63. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Henry S. Sacks, MD, PhDAffiliations: Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029-6574 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 11Page: 918-919KeywordsBotulinum toxinBotulismCheesesForecastingPreservatives ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Study of Bromindione, a New Anticoagulant
Authors: Mark M. Singer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE VALUE of anticoagulant therapy in selected clinical states has been well established. Current investigations focus on the search for an ideal anticoagulant and laboratory methods that can measure more precisely the important clotting factors which, by reflecting the true hypocoagulable state, may lead to safer control of such therapy. Rromindione (p-bromphenylindandione) is a new prothrombopenic agent derived from the monobromination of the familiar phenylindandione (Hedulin, Danilone, Dindevan). This report concerns a clinical appraisal of the agent from the standpoint of: (a) induction and maintenance dosages, (b) rapidity of action, (c) stability in maintenance of hypoprothrombinemia, (d) reversibility of effect, (e) potency relative to other currently used prothrombopenic agents, and (f) adverse effects. Throughout this evaluation, prothrombopenia denotes an effect produced by the drug and measured by the Quick modified one-stage procedure, but one must be cognizant of its probable limitations in the management of anticoagulated patients. Methods Seventy-five patients
Detection of breast cancer is better in centres performing a high volume of mammography
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Canadian research indicates that the overall performance of screening mammography is improved when screening is done in large centres and when, in those centres, mammograms are read by radiologists who interpret a large number of films.

Isabelle Theberge and colleagues examined the relation between the volume of screeningmammography and rates of detection of breast cancer and of false positive readings in theQuebec breast cancer screening programme ( CMAJ 2005;172:195-9). The study looked at data on 307 314 asymptomatic women aged 50 to 69 years who were screened between May 1998 and December 2000. Each screening included four radiographic …
Points from Letters: Special Distinction Awards
Authors: H. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BITISH(often in his prime) rather than take the risk of a breakdown in health in the sub- sequent five years.Compare the lot of the man who gets an award, say, at 50.Not only can he afford to ease off earlier, he can also spare the time to attend clinical meetings, administrative committees, and write papers, and in due course this bears the fruit of an even higher award.Although the system is supposedly
Renin-angiotensin polymorphisms and QTc interval prolongation in end-stage renal disease
Authors: Veena Raizada, Betty Skipper, Wentao Luo, Luis Garza, Curt W. Hines, Antonia A. Harford, Philip G. Zager, Jeffrey Griffith, Dominic Raj, Charles T. Spalding
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Metabolic Control and Insulin Signaling
Authors: Mhairi C. Towler, D. Grahame Hardie
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) system acts as a sensor of cellular energy status that is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. It is activated by increases in the cellular AMP:ATP ratio caused by metabolic stresses that either interfere with ATP production (eg, deprivation for glucose or oxygen) or that accelerate ATP consumption (eg, muscle contraction). Activation in response to increases in AMP involves phosphorylation by an upstream kinase, the tumor suppressor LKB1. In certain cells (eg, neurones, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes), AMPK can also be activated by a Ca 2+ -dependent and AMP-independent process involving phosphorylation by an alternate upstream kinase, CaMKKβ. Once activated, AMPK switches on catabolic pathways that generate ATP, while switching off ATP-consuming processes such as biosynthesis and cell growth and proliferation. The AMPK complex contains 3 subunits, with the α subunit being catalytic, the β subunit containing a glycogen-sensing domain, and the γ subunits containing 2 regulatory sites that bind the activating and inhibitory nucleotides AMP and ATP. Although it may have evolved to respond to metabolic stress at the cellular level, hormones and cytokines such as insulin, leptin, and adiponectin can interact with the system, and it now appears to play a key role in maintaining energy balance at the whole body level. The AMPK system may be partly responsible for the health benefits of exercise and is the target for the antidiabetic drug metformin. It is a key player in the development of new treatments for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome.
How Good is Peer Review?
Authors: Arnold S. Relman, Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

RECENT concern about the validity and honesty of biomedical research — especially that large fraction of research supported by public funds — has led to demands for greater accountability on the part of the research community. Since most scientific research is published only after evaluation by editors of scientific journals and their advisers — a process known as peer review — it is not surprising that this process, too, has come under critical examination. Peer review now stands to receive the same scrutiny as the work being reviewed. Particularly in view of recent cases in which fraudulent reports appeared in . . .
POLAR MAP DISPLAY OF SYSTOLIC WALL THICKENING ON GATED SPECT Tc-99M SESTAMIBI MYOCARDIAL SCINTIGRAMS. NORMAL APPEARANCE
Authors: M Chalfant, S Miron, T Vrobel, D B Sodee, R Bahler, E M Bellon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Chalfant, M; Miron, S; Vrobel, T; Sodee, D B; Bahler, R; Bellon, E M Author Information
Combined endoclipping and argon plasma coagulation (APC)-daisy technique for cecal angiodysplasia
Authors: Ivan Jovanovic, Aleksandar Knezevic
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 75-year-old man was referred to our clinic for evaluation of iron deficiency anemia and occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Colonoscopy showed multiple, large (7 – 10 mm), flat, and elevated cherry-red colored vascular malformations (arteriovenous malformations [AVM]) in a fernlike pattern in the cecum. After thorough inspection of the lesions we were able to identify the feeding vessel. We placed endoclips 1 – 2 cm proximal to the AVM and waited for the lesion to demonstrate signs of hypoperfusion (i. e., ischemia) ([Fig. 1]). We then treated the AVM in the standard way with argon plasma coagulation (APC; ERBE ICC 200, power settings: 40 W and gas flow 2 L; Erbe, Tuebingen, Germany), starting first around the malformation and later targeting the center of the lesion ([Fig. 2]). In order to minimize heat damage to the deeper tissue, pulses of 1 – 2 seconds duration were repeatedly applied to destroy the blood vessels. During APC, careful attention was paid to avoid application of current to the endoclip, as this could have resulted in perforation. Using this technique, we encountered far less bleeding in comparison with previous experiences of treating AVM without obliteration of the feeding vessel ([Fig. 3]).
The effect of BW 54oC, a novel anti-inflammatory agent, on ultraviolet-induced physical and histological changes in guinea-pig skin
Authors: B. DAWSON, R. L. FOLLENFANT, G. A. HIGGS, C. SCHNEIDER, J. R. GIBSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

We have examined the effects of various topical formulations of BW 540C, a novel dual inhibitor of the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, utilizing the model of ultraviolet irradiation of guinea-pig ears. During a series of studies, BW 540C preparations were compared with a range of corticosteroids, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor and a placebo using both subjective and objective measurements. Results showed BW 540C base to be the best overall agent for treating the pathological changes seen in this model.
Oncogene-Mediated Human Lung Epithelial Cell Transformation Produces Adenocarcinoma Phenotypes <i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: Ken Sasai, Taiko Sukezane, Emmy Yanagita, Harumi Nakagawa, Azusa Hotta, Tomoo Itoh, Tsuyoshi Akagi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract It has been challenging to engineer lung adenocarcinoma models via oncogene-mediated transformation of primary cultured normal human cells. Although viral oncoprotein-mediated malignant transformation has been reported, xenografts derived from such transformed cells generally represent poorly differentiated cancers. Here, we demonstrate that the combined expression of multiple cellular factors induces malignant transformation in normal human lung epithelial cells. Although a combination of four genetic alterations, including hTERT overexpression, inactivation of the pRB and p53 pathways, and KRAS activation, is insufficient for normal human small airway epithelial cells to be fully transformed, expression of one additional oncogene induces malignant transformation. Notably, we have succeeded in reproducing human lung adenocarcinoma phenotypes in the flanks of nude mice by introducing an active form of PIK3CA, CYCLIN-D1, or a dominant-negative form of LKB1 in combination with the four genetic alterations above. Besides differentiated lung cancer, poorly differentiated cancer models can also be engineered by employing c-MYC as one of the genetic elements, indicating that histologic features and degree of differentiation of xenografts are controllable to some extent by changing the combination of genetic elements introduced. This is the first study reporting malignant transformation of normal lung epithelial cells in the absence of viral oncoproteins. We propose that our model system would be useful to identify the minimal and most crucial set of changes required for lung tumorigenesis, and that it would provide a broadly applicable approach for discovering attractive therapeutic targets. Cancer Res; 71(7); 2541–9. ©2011 AACR.