tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0138 The Corrona International Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry: Variations in Disease Activity and Management Across Participating Regions
Authors: D. A. Pappas, K. Lampl, J. M. Kremer, F. Nyberg, A. Gibofsky, M. Ho, L. Horne, K. Saunders, A. U. Onofrei, J. D. Greenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> To date, there is no multinational Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) registry uniformly collecting longitudinal data. The CORRONA International (CI) registry was developed to address this need. <h3>Objectives</h3> To explore variations in RA disease (dx) activity and drug utilization across regions participating in CI RA registry and the US CORRONA RA registry. <h3>Methods</h3> The CI registry, launched in September 2011, is a multi-center, longitudinal, observational registry collecting data on demographics, lifestyle characteristics, anthropometry, medication exposures, adverse events and toxicities from rheumatologists and RA patients (pts) at regular clinical encounters. Adult RA pts have been enrolled in 10 countries in 3 regions [Eastern Europe: Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Ukraine; Latin America: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina; Asia: India]. We present baseline descriptive data including: variations in biologic and DMARD utilization, dx activity and functionality across the regions participating in both registries. <h3>Results</h3> As of Nov 2012, 4042 patients had been enrolled in CI. Table 1 shows variations in dx characteristics among the CI regions and the USA. In general, dx activity is higher but functionality and biologic drug utilization is lower in CI regions compared to USA. Biologics use is still very rare in India. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The CI registry reveals differences in the management of RA across different global regions. The ongoing recruitment and follow-up of more pts will enable association studies between therapeutic variations and disease outcomes. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Funding for this study was provided by CORRONA (study sponsor), from a development and subscription agreement/contract with AstraZeneca. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> D. Pappas Employee of: Columbia University, Paid instructor for: Novartis, K. Lampl Employee of: AstraZeneca, J. Kremer Shareholder of: CORRONA, Inc., Employee of: CORRONA, Inc., F. Nyberg Employee of: AstraZeneca, A. Gibofsky Consultant for: AstraZeneca, M. Ho Employee of: AstraZeneca, L. Horne Shareholder of: AstraZeneca, Employee of: AstraZeneca, K. Saunders Employee of: CORRONA, Inc., A. Onofrei Employee of: University of Massachusetts, J. Greenberg Shareholder of: CORRONA, Inc., Consultant for: AstraZeneca, CORRONA, Novartis, Pfizer
Endoscopy in Experimental Urology Using an Argon-Laser Beam
Authors: G. Staehler, A. Hofstetter, W. Gorisch, E. Keiditsch, M. Müssiggang
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

For the first time cystoscopic argon and neodymium-YAG laser irradiation of the bladder wall using a flexible quartz fiber light guide (as described by Nath) was studied morphologically and histologically. It was seen that it is possible to control the depth of tissue removal without the risk of perforation of the bladder wall. Therefore endoscopic surgery of bladder tumors by laser radiation seems to be possible. Hydronephrosis could not be observed even after direct laser irradiation of the orifices.
Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Glenn L. Laffel, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

WITH the introduction of coronary-care units in the 1960s and the ability to prevent and treat lethal arrhythmias, the mortality from acute myocardial infarction was reduced for the first time. Failure of the cardiac pump subsequently emerged as the principal cause of in-hospital death in patients with myocardial infarction. Unfortunately, the present treatment of pump failure with positive inotropic and vasoactive agents and with circulatory-assist devices has not improved the prognosis any further. In the late 1960s, it was thought that mortality from pump failure might be reduced by attempts to limit the quantity of jeopardized myocardium destined to undergo . . .
Research agenda for mass gatherings: a call to action
Authors: John S Tam, Maurizio Barbeschi, Natasha Shapovalova, Sylvie Briand, Ziad A Memish, Marie-Paule Kieny
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2012)

Public health research is essential for the development of effective policies and planning to address health security and risks associated with mass gatherings (MGs). Crucial research topics related to MGs and their effects on global health security are discussed in this review. The research agenda for MGs consists of a framework of five major public health research directions that address issues related to reducing the risk of public health emergencies during MGs; restricting the occurrence of non-communicable and communicable diseases; minimisation of the effect of public health events associated with MGs; optimisation of the medical services and treatment of diseases during MGs; and development and application of modern public health measures. Implementation of the proposed research topics would be expected to provide benefits over the medium to long term in planning for MGs.
THE ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF ENURESIS
Authors: JOSEPH I. GROVER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

About 200 cases of bedwetting were studied for a period of more than seven months. Most of the patients of less than 4 years of age and a few older ones were not used because they were not sufficiently developed mentally to be willing to undergo privations as an end to their cure. Children more than 12 years old were not seen. The treatment was not outlined to patients not living with their parents, who would not make the necessary sacrifices, nor to patients brought in by neighbors. Children with cord lesions or other organic nervous diseases, diabetics, and those with marked mental disorders were considered as outside the scope of this study. Boys comprised 62 per cent, of the cases. Blond children predominated. There was a history of enuresis in the immediate family in 56 per cent., including grandparents, aunts and uncles. In 59 per cent, of the cases,
GENERAL ANALGESIA BY ORAL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: J. T. Gwathmey, H. T. Karsner
Journal: BMJ (1918)

This report is in the nature of a preliminary communication based on animal experiments and a sufficient number of clinical cases to support the conclusions of the animal work. It will be seen that general analgesia in which there is loss of sensation, with or without loss of consciousness, can be established for otherwise painful dressings and for short operations. The desirability of such a procedure becomes apparent immediately on entering a military hospital, and it has also a definite place in civil surgery.  Many war wounds are accompanied by fractures of bones, and the importance of keeping such patients quiet is universally recognized. If the dressing of such a wound is accompanied by severe pain, it is customary at this base to produce nitrous oxid-oxygen or light ether anesthesia for at least the first few dressings, necessitating in most cases, because of limitation of apparatus, removal of the patient
Canadian Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Study: A Model for Multicenter Standardization and Optimization of ALK Testing in Lung Cancer
Authors: Jean-Claude Cutz, Kenneth J. Craddock, Emina Torlakovic, Guilherme Brandao, Ronald F. Carter, Gilbert Bigras, Jean Deschenes, Iyare Izevbaye, Zhaolin Xu, Wenda Greer, Yasushi Yatabe, Diana Ionescu, Aly Karsan, Sungmi Jung, Richard S. Fraser, Miriam Blumenkrantz, Josee Lavoie, Flechere Fortin, Anna Bojarski, Gilbert B. Côté, Janette A. van den Berghe, Fariborz Rashid-Kolvear, Martin Trotter, Harmanjatinder S. Sekhon, Roula Albadine, Danh Tran-Thanh, Isabelle Gorska, Joan H.M. Knoll, Jie Xu, Ben Blencowe, A. John Iafrate, David M. Hwang, Melania Pintilie, Rania Gaspo, Christian Couture, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Fetal Adenoma of the Thyroid A Common Source for False-Positive Thallium-201/ Technetium-99m Pertechnetate Subtraction Parathyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: ARNOLD J. KRUBSACK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

The specificity of thallium/technetium imaging for the localization of parathyroid tumors has remained high. False-positive findings usually arise from an incorrectly perceived mismatch. In these case reports, false-positive findings resulted from the presence of intrathyroidal fetal adenomas. Benign thyroid adenomas appear to represent a common source of false-positive finding for parathyroid tumor in thallium/technetium imaging.
Should oesophageal stents be used before neo-adjuvant therapy to treat dysphagia in patients awaiting oesophagectomy? Best evidence topic (BET)
Authors: Christopher M. Jones, Ewen A. Griffiths
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)

Patients who develop significant dysphagia secondary to a potentially curable oesophageal cancer pose a significant clinical problem. Their nutritional needs can be met either by dietary supplementation, insertion of an oesophageal stent or through nasogastric or surgical feeding tube placement. We sought to determine whether, in patients about to start neo-adjuvant therapy prior to oesophagectomy, the use of oesophageal stent improves clinical outcomes. A best evidence topic in upper gastrointestinal surgery was written according to a structured protocol in order to answer this question. Two hundred and forty eight papers were found, of which eleven level III and one level IV study were considered to best address the clinical question. These indicate that whilst oesophageal stents do successfully relieve dysphagia throughout neoadjuvant therapy, they are not consistently associated with maintenance of, or improvement in, serum albumin or body weight. They are, however, commonly associated with stent migration and chest discomfort, both of which may frequently result in the need for stent removal or replacement. There is additional evidence within the manuscripts reviewed to demonstrate that the use of oesophageal stents in the neoadjuvant setting can lead to significant complications in a small proportion of patients which can compromise opportunity for curative surgery. The use of stents in this situation cannot be recommended.
Diabetic hypertriglyceridaemia and related 5' flanking polymorphism of the human insulin gene.
Authors: N I Jowett, L G Williams, G A Hitman, D J Galton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A polymorphic DNA sequence was studied on the 5' flanking region of the human insulin gene in relation to diabetic lipaemia. The genotype frequencies in a control population (n = 52) were homozygous L 6%, heterozygous 54%, and homozygous S 40%. Corresponding genotype frequencies in a hypertriglyceridaemic group (n = 74) were 18%, 66%, and 16% (p less than 0.01; chi 2 test). When the hypertriglyceridaemic patients were divided on the basis of glucose tolerance the corresponding genotype frequencies in the diabetic subgroup (n = 23) were 39%, 52%, and 9% compared with 0%, 74%, and 26% in the non-diabetics (n = 34) (p less than 0.001; chi 2 test). These findings suggest that the homozygous L genotype may confer susceptibility to diabetic hypertriglyceridaemia.
Hyperkalemia and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Igor Ougorets
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 November 1996Hyperkalemia and Trimethoprim-SulfamethoxazoleIgor Ougorets, MD, Deborah Asnis, S., MD, and Alex Melchert, MSIgor Ougorets, MDFlushing Hospital Medical Center Flushing, NY 11355.Search for more papers by this author, Deborah Asnis, S., MDFlushing Hospital Medical Center Flushing, NY 11355.Search for more papers by this author, and Alex Melchert, MSFlushing Hospital Medical Center Flushing, NY 11355.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-9-199611010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been used since 1968 and has been associated with major adverse reactions, including skin lesions, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. In the past decade, hyperkalemia has been increasingly recognized as a side effect of this drug combination.Allapan and colleagues [1] described 80 patients treated with standard-dose therapy (trimethoprim, <320 mg/d; sulfamethoxazole, <1600 mg/d) for various infections other than Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. They found that hyperkalemia developed and serum creatinine levels increased 4 to 5 days after the start of therapy in many patients. No other electrolyte abnormalities were noted. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was believed to ...References1. Alappan R, Perazella MA, Buller GK. Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaxole. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:316-20. Google Scholar2. Velazquez H, Perazella MA, Wright FS, Ellison DH. Renal mechanism of trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:296-301. Google Scholar3. Greenberg S, Reiser IW, Chou SY, Porush JG. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induces reversible hyperkalemia. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:291-5. Google Scholar4. Seney FD Jr, Burns DK, Silva FG. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the kidney. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990; 16:1-13. Google Scholar5. Grinspoon SK, Bilezikian JP. HIV disease and the endocrine system. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:1360-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Flushing Hospital Medical Center Flushing, NY 11355. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTrimethoprim, Co-Trimoxazole (Co-T) and Related AgentsHiperpotasemia inducida por trimetoprim-sulfametoxasol en un paciente con insuficiencia suprarrenal primariaChanging Electrolyte and Acido-Basic Profile in HIV-Infected Patients in the HAART Era 1 November 1996Volume 125, Issue 9Page: 779KeywordsAdverse reactionsAldosteroneBlood urea nitrogenCorticosteroid therapyCortisolCreatinineHIV infectionsPneumoniaPotassiumSodium Issue Published: 1 November 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Comparison of Sleep Condition and Sleep-Related Psychological Activity after Cognitive-Behavior and Pharmacological Therapy for Chronic Insomnia
Authors: Rengang Wu, Jinfeng Bao, Chungai Zhang, Jun Deng, Chunling Long
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Previous studies of insomnia focused mainly on the improvement of sleep condition and ignored the effects of sleep-related psychological activity and daytime function after pharmacological and behavioral treatments. We compared the clinical effects of both therapies on sleep condition, sleep-related psychological activity and daytime function in chronic insomnia. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Seventy-one patients with chronic insomnia were randomly divided into 4 groups and either received cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT, n = 19), pharmacological therapy (PCT, n = 17), CBT plus medication (Combined, n = 18) or placebo (n = 17). The treatments lasted for 8 weeks with follow-ups conducted at 3 and 8 months. On the day after treatment ended, all patients were assessed using a polysomnogram (PSG), a sleep diary and a psychological assessment. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The three active treatments were more effective than placebo at the time the treatments were completed. Subjective sleep-onset latency, sleep efficacy and total sleep time were better in the PCT group than in the CBT group. At the 3-month follow-up, subjective and objective sleep-onset latency, sleep efficacy and total sleep time were better in the CBT group than in both the PCT and the Combined group. At the 8-month follow-up, the CBT group showed a steady comfortable sleep state, while the PCT and Combined groups were gradually returning to the pre-treatment condition. The Combined group showed a variable long-term effect. On the other hand, pre-sleep arousal at nighttime, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep as well as daytime functioning in the CBT group not only improved, but was better than in the other active treatment groups. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Medication and Combined therapy produced a short-term effect on chronic insomnia while CBT had a long-term effect of improved sleep-related psychological activity and daytime functioning.
Clinical Features of Types A and B Food-borne Botulism
Authors: JAMES M. HUGHES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Medical records of 55 patients with type A and type B food-borne botulism reported to the Centers for Disease Control during 2 years were reviewed to assess the clinical features and severity of illness, diagnostic test results, nature of complications, amd causes of death. Some patients had features not usually associated with botulism including paresthesia (14%), asymmetric extremely weakness (17%), asymmetric ptosis (8%), slightly elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein values (14%), and positive responses to edrophonium chloride(26%). Several observation suggest that type A was more severe than type B disease. Although the case-fatality ratio was not significantly greater, patients with type A disease saw a physician earlier in the course of illness, were more likely to need ventilatory support, and were hospitalized longer. Patients who died were older than those who survived. Deaths within the first 2 weeks resulted from failure to recognized the severity of the disease or from pulmonary or systemic infection whereas the three late deaths were related to respirator malfunction.
A Report of 12 Selected Cases of Pulmonary Histoplasmosis
Authors: A. Saliba, O. A. Beatty
Journal: Thorax (1960)

Once considered a rare and fatal disease, histoplasmosis is now increasingly suspected or diagnosed.There may be two apparent reasons for this; first, it is possible that pulmonary histoplasmosis has always been prevalent, but increase in knowledge and modern diagnostic techniques have rendered it more readily recognizable.A similar argument was once put forth in relation to the apparent increase in carcinoma of the lung.Secondly, and this is more likely, the indiscriminate use of wide-spectrum antibiotics and the increasing use of steroids could possibly have altered the balance of normal host inhabitants and prepared the ground for infection by the mycoses.Schwarz and Baum (1957) presented a historical background pointing out the more recent important contributions in this field by Palmer, Christie, Furcolow, Emmons, Puckett, Straub, Ajello, and others.The following cases have been selected for presentation because of the varying radiological appearances, which under ordinary circumstances are not distinguishable from pulmonary tuberculosis.Four patients were treated with amphotericin B and resectional surgery.Two received surgery but no medical therapy; four received medical therapy without surgery.One patient was not actively treated because positive mycology was not obtained in the presence of a highly positive complement- fixation reaction.The last patient died within three days of admission to this hospital before any therapy could be instituted.Of the surgical cases, three had post-operative air pockets, one of which required thoracoplasty.Two of the patients are white women and 10 white men.Eight were in the group 40-57 years and four in the 23-39 years old.Farming was the occupation of five o f them.MATERIAI CASE 1.-C.B., a 37-year-old white man, was first admitted to this institution in July, 1954.His occupation was that of a farm labourer.His symptoms, namely, loss of weight, malaise, haemoptysis, dated back to January of the same year.A chest radiograph showed
Direct evidence of chloride ion efflux in ischaemic and pharmacological preconditioning of cultured cardiomyocytes
Authors: Roberto J. Diaz, Alina Hinek, Gregory J. Wilson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

We have previously shown that reduction of ischaemic cell swelling via enhanced cell volume regulation is a key mechanism of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) in cardiomyocytes. We have also shown that pharmacological blockade of Cl− channels abolishes cardioprotection achieved by IPC in Langendorff-perfused hearts and freshly isolated cardiomyocytes, thus suggesting that Cl− plays a key role in IPC cardioprotection. However, direct evidence of Cl− channel activation resulting in transsarcolemmal Cl− efflux by IPC had been lacking. To address this issue, 24 h cultured rabbit cardiomyocytes were loaded with 5 mM 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium (SPQ), a specific fluorescence indicator that is quenched by Cl− so that cellular efflux of Cl− results in an increase in SPQ fluorescence. After stabilization for 10 min, cardiomyocytes were preconditioned either with 10 min simulated ischaemia/10 min simulated reperfusion or with 10 min treatment with 1 µM N6-2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyladenosine (APNEA). IPC and APNEA significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i) to 31.9 ± 3.2 mM (mean ± SEM) and 32.5 ± 2.8 mM, respectively, from an initial [Cl−]i (pooled stabilization 61.5 ± 7.1 mM). [Cl−]i did not change in control (non-preconditioned) cardiomyocytes (control 58.1 ± 1.9 mM and control + vehicle 62.6 ± 4.9 mM, P = 0.98 and 0.99 vs. pooled pre-treatment baseline, respectively). Inhibition of Cl− channels with 50 µM indanyloxyacetic acid 94 completely blocked preconditioning-induced Cl− efflux. Thus, a net Cl− efflux of 29.6 and 29.0 mM was triggered by IPC and APNEA. These findings provide the first direct evidence of activation of sarcolemmal Cl− channels by ischaemic and pharmacological preconditioning in cardiomyocytes.
Primary thyroid cancer after a first tumour in childhood (the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study): a nested case-control study
Authors: Alice J Sigurdson, Cécile M Ronckers, Ann C Mertens, Marilyn Stovall, Susan A Smith, Yan Liu, Roger L Berkow, Sue Hammond, Joseph P Neglia, Anna T Meadows, Charles A Sklar, Leslie L Robison, Peter D Inskip
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
The New Vital Sign-Reply
Authors: Michael C. Fiore
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —I appreciate the support of Drs Conwill and Currier for institutionalizing clinical prevention interventions and, specifically, the assessment of patient smoking status as a new vital sign. What is essential in such interventions is that they are brief in nature and provide an opportunity for meaningful clinical responses, such as lowering blood pressure or treating nicotine addiction.  Clearly, it would be desirable to increase seatbelt use and thereby decrease years of potential life lost; this could constitute a defensible addition to the basic vital signs. However, it is equally important that the case for making a fundamental institutional change, such as expanding the vital signs, be compelling and unequivocal. In creating effective institutional changes, it may be necessary to introduce them in a stepwise manner, assessing their implementation and impact at each stage of the process. In this way, we can strive to achieve maximum benefit through these