tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN BASIC PEPTIDES
Authors: James G. Hirsch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

The antimycobacterial activity of thymus peptide under certain conditions in vitro can be partially neutralized by increasing the concentration of sulfate ions in the medium, and to a lesser extent by the addition of certain organic compounds which contain sulfur. It is suggested that thymus peptide suppresses the growth of tubercle bacilli by interfering with the normal sulfur metabolism of these microorganisms. Polylysine peptide and pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone, other basic peptides derived from animal tissues, also inhibit the multiplication of tubercle bacilli in vitro, and their antimycobacterial activity is also antagonized by sulfate ions. Basic peptide hormones prepared from the posterior pituitary gland do not affect the growth of acid-fast bacteria under the conditions of the test.
Structural characterization of bioengineered human corneal endothelial cell sheets fabricated on temperature-responsive culture dishes
Authors: Takeshi Ide, Kohji Nishida, Masayuki Yamato, Taizo Sumide, Mika Utsumi, Takayuki Nozaki, Akihiko Kikuchi, Teruo Okano, Yasuo Tano
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Use of artificial intelligence as an innovative donor-recipient matching model for liver transplantation: Results from a multicenter Spanish study
Authors: Javier Briceño, Manuel Cruz-Ramírez, Martín Prieto, Miguel Navasa, Jorge Ortiz de Urbina, Rafael Orti, Miguel-Ángel Gómez-Bravo, Alejandra Otero, Evaristo Varo, Santiago Tomé, Gerardo Clemente, Rafael Bañares, Rafael Bárcena, Valentín Cuervas-Mons, Guillermo Solórzano, Carmen Vinaixa, Angel Rubín, Jordi Colmenero, Andrés Valdivieso, Rubén Ciria, César Hervás-Martínez, Manuel de la Mata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Effect of high dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal subjects.
Authors: Y T Kruszynska, M Greenstone, P D Home, N J Cooke
Journal: Thorax (1987)

The metabolic effects of four weeks9 high dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (500 micrograms twice daily) were studied in nine normal subjects with an open study design. No effect was found on fasting blood glucose concentration or glycosylated haemoglobin concentration. Peak blood glucose concentration 30 minutes after a 75 g oral glucose load was, however, significantly higher (7.1 (SEM 0.2) versus 6.7 (0.1) mmol/l, or 128 (3.6) v 121 (1.8) mg/100 ml). After treatment there was a 36% increase in fasting serum insulin concentration (7.6 (0.7) versus 5.6 (0.5) mU/l) and a 32% increase in the area under the serum insulin concentration curve after glucose challenge. High dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate treatment raised the fasting plasma cholesterol concentration (4.62 (0.25) v 4.16 (0.26) mmol/l, or 178 (9.7) v 161 (10.0) mg/100 ml) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.19 (0.065) versus 0.97 (0.065) mmol/l, or 45 (2.5) v 37 (2.5) mg/100 ml). Fasting blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations were also significantly higher and blood glycerol lower. The findings indicate that high dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate may disturb both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Apoptosis as a Novel Target for Cancer Chemoprevention
Authors: S.-Y. Sun, N. Hail, R. Lotan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Cancer chemopreventive agents are typically natural products or their synthetic analogs that inhibit the transformation of normal cells to premalignant cells or the progression of premalignant cells to malignant cells. These agents are believed to function by modulating processes associated with xenobiotic biotransformation, with the protection of cellular elements from oxidative damage, or with the promotion of a more differentiated phenotype in target cells. However, an increasing number of chemopreventive agents (e.g., certain retinoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, polyphenols, and vanilloids) have been shown to stimulate apoptosis in premalignant and malignant cells in vitro or in vivo. Apoptosis is arguably the most potent defense against cancer because it is the mechanism used by metazoans to eliminate deleterious cells. Many chemopreventive agents appear to target signaling intermediates in apoptosis-inducing pathways. Inherently, the process of carcinogenesis selects against apoptosis to initiate, promote, and perpetuate the malignant phenotype. Thus, targeting apoptosis pathways in premalignant cells—in which these pathways are still relatively intact—may be an effective method of cancer prevention. In this review, we construct a paradigm supporting apoptosis as a novel target for cancer chemoprevention by highlighting recent studies of several chemopreventive agents that engage apoptosis pathways.
Dipankar (“Dip”) Sengupta
Authors: Philip Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rheumatologist who bridged the gaps between cardiology, rheumatology, and herbal medicine John Cosh had many interests in clinical medicine but his main contributions were his long term studies of the effects of rheumatoid arthritis, co-discovery of the genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis, and his work on the benefits of herbal medicines.In 1973, with R K Jacoby and M I Jayson, he published an 11 year follow-up of 100 patients newly diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (BMJ 1973;2(5858): 96-100) and followed them for a further 30 years, showing that rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive disease impairing function for decades after onset.By 2004 eight of the sample were severely disabled with rheumatoid arthritis, three were less disabled, and only five had normal functioning.Of the 84 who died, median survival was reduced by 10 to 11 years, and the leading cause of death was heart disease.In 1986 he published, with other rheumatologists, a study that showed the association of rheumatoid arthritis with several human lymphocyte antigens; the associations were stronger in patients with more advanced disease.John Cosh had originally wanted to be a heart surgeon, but his interests shifted towards cardiology and then to the cardiological aspects of rheumatology.He was born in Bristol, the son of a pharmacist.From Bristol Grammar School he won a
Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) and Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology for Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: S. Hollerbach, A. Klamann, T. Topalidis, W. Schmiegel
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Previous studies have shown that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) sensitively detects morphologic abnormalities due to chronic pancreatitis. However, morphologic EUS findings have limited specificity, particularly at the early stages of chronic pancreatitis. Our aims were to study pancreatic morphology and inflammation in patients with chronic pancreatitis, using EUS and fine-needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNA), and to compare the results with those of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and pancreatic function tests.37 patients (48 +/- 13 years) with clinical symptoms and laboratory test findings suggestive of chronic pancreatitis were prospectively studied. Patients with malignancy or major concomitant disorders were excluded. Clinical evaluation included indirect pancreatic function tests. Morphologic criteria for chronic pancreatitis included echo-intense septae/echo-reduced foci (i. e. pseudolobularity), ductal irregularities, and calcifications. EUS-FNA was performed in 27/37 patients, by means of the Hitachi FG34-UX echo endoscope and a 22-gauge needle, and tissue specimens were submitted for standard cytological evaluation. ERCP served as reference in all patients, using the Cambridge classification.31 patients had chronic pancreatitis while six had normal findings at ERCP. EUS showed morphologic abnormalities of the pancreas in 33 patients. Morphologic abnormalities alone reached a sensitivity of 97 % for chronic pancreatitis with a specificity of only 60 %, while the positive predictive value (PPV) was 94 %, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 75 %. EUS-FNA increased the negative predictive value to 100 % and the specificity to 67 %. On average, 2.3 needle passes were necessary to obtain sufficient amounts of tissue. The correlation of EUS findings with pancreatic function tests was poor. EUS results were in agreement with regard to the severity of chronic pancreatitis in 5/8 patients with grade I disease, in 11/13 patients with grade II, and in 10/10 patients with grade III disease. Minor complications occurred in two patients (7 %).EUS is as sensitive and effective as ERCP in the detection of chronic pancreatitis, particularly when only mild disease is present. However, EUS findings have limited specificity, particularly in patients with mild disease. EUS-FNA with cytology is safe and improves the negative predictive value. Negative EUS-FNA findings rule out chronic pancreatitis, but cytological investigation alone does not improve the specificity of EUS findings, suggesting that further improvements in tissue sampling and analysis are necessary to support routine use of FNA in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
The Doctor Stories
Authors: John Stone
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Like a photograph taking on sharpness in the developer, the complete literary picture of William Carlos Williams is gradually taking shape. In Rutherford, NJ, Williams' house at 9 Ridge Rd is well on its way to becoming a literary shrine. In that house, and from it, Dr Williams lived and practiced medicine for 50 years. Williams (1883-1963), as more and more people know, was a generalist with an abiding interest in pediatrics—a generalist because during his lifetime he did many things in medicine, including delivering some 3,000 babies. Moreover, Williams delivered himself of an enormous amount of literature: hundreds of poems (for which he was awarded, posthumously, the Pulitzer Prize), novels, plays, an engaging and important autobiography, and short stories. Dr Robert Coles, himself a prolific writer (and Pulitzer Prize winner), has rendered both Williams and his readers a service by compiling<i>The Doctor Stories</i>: those stories that deal with
Intranuclear Inclusions of Expanded Polyglutamine Protein in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: H.L Paulson, M.K Perez, Y Trottier, J.Q Trojanowski, S.H Subramony, S.S Das, P Vig, J.-L Mandel, K.H Fischbeck, R.N Pittman
Journal: Neuron (1997)

The mechanism of neurodegeneration in CAG/polyglutamine repeat expansion diseases is unknown but is thought to occur at the protein level. Here, in studies of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), we show that the disease protein ataxin-3 accumulates in ubiquitinated intranuclear inclusions selectively in neurons of affected brain regions. We further provide evidence in vitro for a model of disease in which an expanded polyglutamine-containing fragment recruits full-length protein into insoluble aggregates. Together with recent findings from transgenic models, our results suggest that intranuclear aggregation of the expanded protein is a unifying feature of CAG/polyglutamine diseases and may be initiated or catalyzed by a glutamine-containing fragment of the disease protein.
Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Patients With Malignancy
Authors: Sudeep P. Shivakumar, David R. Anderson, Stephen Couban
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Central venous catheters are widely used in the care of patients with cancer. Indwelling catheters are associated with upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in some patients, and recognition of this entity is an important aspect of treating patients with malignancies. This article will review the incidence, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of catheter-associated thrombosis in patients with malignancy. The care of pediatric patients with malignancy and catheter-associated thrombosis will also be addressed.
Endoscopic retreatment of recurrent choledocholithiasis after sphincterotomy
Authors: M Sugiyama
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) carries a substantial risk of recurrent choledocholithiasis but retreatment with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is safe and feasible. However, long term results of repeat ERCP and risk factors for late complications are largely unknown. <b>Aims:</b> To investigate the long term outcome of repeat ERCP for recurrent bile duct stones after ES and to identify risk factors predicting late choledochal complications. <b>Methods:</b> Eighty four patients underwent repeat ERCP, combined with ES in 69, for post-ES recurrent choledocholithiasis. Long term outcomes of repeat ERCP were retrospectively investigated and factors predicting late complications were assessed by multivariate analysis. <b>Results:</b> Complete stone clearance was achieved in all patients. Forty nine patients had no visible evidence of prior sphincterotomy. Two patients experienced early complications. During a follow up period of 2.2–26.0 years (median 10.9 years), 31 patients (37%) developed late complications, including stone recurrence (n = 26), acute acalculous cholangitis(n = 4), and acute cholecystitis (n = 1). There were neither biliary malignancies nor deaths attributable to biliary disease. Multivariate analysis identified three independent risk factors for choledochal complications: interval between initial ES and repeat ERCP ⩽5 years, bile duct diameter ⩾15 mm, and periampullary diverticulum. Choledochal complications were successfully treated with repeat ERCP in 29 patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> Choledochal complications after repeat ERCP are relatively frequent but are endoscopically manageable. Careful follow up is necessary, particularly for patients with a dilated bile duct, periampullary diverticulum, or early recurrence. Repeat ERCP is a reasonable treatment even for recurrent choledocholithiasis after ES.
FK506 inhibits human lymphocyte migration and the production of lymphocyte chemotactic factors in liver allograft recipients
Authors: D H Adams, Q Liu
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The macroglide immunosuppressant FK506 is effective at preventing and reversing hepatic allograft rejection. The establishment of graft rejection is dependent upon an influx of lymphocytes from the circulation into the graft in response to locally secreted chemotactic factors. Thus, inhibition of lymphocyte migration might be an additional mode of action of FK506 that could block lymphocyte recruitment to rejecting liver allografts. In the present study, we provide evidence to support this hypothesis because we have demonstrated, using in vitro migration assays, that FK506 can inhibit the migration of lymphocytes, including CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, to structurally diverse chemotactic factors that are present during human liver allograft rejection. In addition, FK506 acts on lymphocytes in patients with graft rejection to inhibit migration and to block the secretion of chemotactic factors in vitro. Thus, FK506 might reverse established graft rejection by inhibiting lymphocyte recruitment to the graft in vivo.
Mediators of immediate type hypersensitivity in sputumfrom patients with chronic bronchitis and asthma Turnbull, L.S., Turnbull, L.W., Leitch, A.G., Crofton, J.W., and Kay, A. B.: Lancet 1:526,1978
Authors: None MC
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1978)
183. Targeting of Muscle Cells with Functionalised Lipid Particles
Authors: Harald Heider, Sandro Rusconi, Denis Bron
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The aim of this study was to improve the specificity of cationic lipid-based vectors. We started assembling from scratch particles consisting of commercially available cationic lipid reagents. The lipid particles were decorated with peptide fragments of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) which mimic NCAM-homophilic binding. Regenerating muscle fibres, as they appear e.g. in the pathological state of Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy, express this satellite cell marker NCAM.
Solvent Intoxication with Parenteral Nitroglycerin
Authors: MARVIN J. FELDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1985Solvent Intoxication with Parenteral NitroglycerinMARVIN J. FELDMAN, M.S., PAUL F. SOUNEY, M.S., MARY BETH DRISCOLL, B.S.MARVIN J. FELDMAN, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL F. SOUNEY, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, MARY BETH DRISCOLL, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-134_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Several recent reports (1-4) have shown a potential for toxicity of solvents in most commercially available parenteral nitroglycerin products. Various concentrations of both propylene glycol and ethanol are found in four of five currently available commercial brands of this preparation. Such cosolvent systems provide greater solubility of nitroglycerin, resulting in an increased drug solution concentration (5 mg/mL). Because this drug is generally further diluted when administered intravenously, more dilute concentrations of the stock solution are acceptable.In response to reports of solvent intoxication at our institution (1-3), we investigated potential alternatives to products containing ethanol and propylene...References1. SHOOKKIRSHENBAUMHUNDLEYSHOREYLAMAS TJRJG. Ethanol intoxication complicating intravenous nitroglycerin therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:498-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SHOREYBHARDWAJLOSCALZO JNJ. Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy after intravenous infusion of high dose nitroglycerin. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:500. LinkGoogle Scholar3. DALYCAMANNDAWLEYO'ROURKE TWDM. "Cocktail"-coronary care [letter]. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1123. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DEMEYDAELEMANSDEBROEBOSSAERT HRML. Propyleneglycol intoxication due to intravenous nitrolgycerin [Letter]. Lancet. 1984;1:1360. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FUNG H. Potency and stability of extemporaneously prepared nitroglycerin intravenous solutions. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1978;35:528-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfluence of ethanol on the delivery of intravenous nitroglycerin solutions 1 January 1985Volume 102, Issue 1Page: 134-134KeywordsAttentionDrugsEthanolIntoxicationToxicity Issue Published: 1 January 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Quantitative measurement of biliary excretion and of gall bladder concentration of drugs under physiological conditions in man.
Authors: A Lanzini, M G Pigozzi, A Wuhrer, D Facchinetti, M Castellano, L Bettini, U P Guerra, M Beschi, G Muiesan
Journal: Gut (1989)

Gall bladder storage of hepatic bile prevents complete recovery of biliary excretion of drugs to be obtained under physiological conditions in man. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for simultaneous measurement of gall bladder storage of a cholephilic drug, and of its duodenal excretion and t1/2 in bile. Duodenal perfusion using polyethylene glycol as intestinal recovery marker for measurement of drug duodenal excretion, with an iv bolus of 99mTc HIDA for measurement of drug mass within the gall bladder was used. Gall bladder volume was measured by ultrasonography. T1/2 in bile was measured by relating drug duodenal excretion to that of bile acid used as an endogenous bile marker. The use of bile acid as biliary marker was validated in two subjects receiving simultaneous iv infusion of indocyanine green. Seven healthy subjects were studied using a beta-lattam antibiotic, Cefotetan 1 g iv, as test drug. Median values during the study period (seven hours) were 51.1 mg for Cefotetan duodenal excretion, 45.2 mg for gall bladder mass and 2.8 mg/ml for concentration within the gall bladder. T1/2 of the drug in bile was 100 minutes. This technique enables measurement of mass and concentration of drugs within the gall bladder to be carried out, in addition to measurements of t1/2 of drugs in bile. These measurements may have specific application for assessment of potential efficacy of antibiotics in biliary tract infections, as well as general application for assessment of biliary excretory kinetics of drugs.
102 EFFECTS OF SATAVAPTAN, AN ORAL VASOPRESSIN V2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, ON MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES AND MORBIDITY IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN A LONG-TERM, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: F. Wong, M. Bernardi, Y. Horsmans, Z. Cabrijan, H. Watson, P. Gines
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Successful Treatment of Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis With Steroid Administration in a Patient With a Positive Gallium Scan
Authors: YOSHIHIKO TOMITA, HIDEO MORISHITA, RYOJI SAITOH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A patient with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis with a positive Ga-67 scan was successfully treated with steroids. Administration of methylprednisolone improved the ureteral obstruction and gallium accumulation also disappeared.
MMR vaccine is not linked with autism, says Danish study
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A Danish study of more than half a million children showed no link between measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination and autism.

In a commentary accompanying the study, which was published in the New England Journal of Medicine (2002;347:1477-82), Dr Edward Campion, senior deputy editor, wrote, “This careful and convincing study shows that there is no association between autism and MMR vaccination.”

Lead author Dr Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen, an epidemiologist and expert on infectious diseases at the Danish Epidemiology Science Centre in Aarhus, told the BMJ that the study showed that the risk of autism was similar in children who were vaccinated and children who …
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Reverses Vasoconstriction of Stenotic Coronary Arteries in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Jürgen Frielingsdorf, Philipp Kaufmann, Thomas Suter, Rosy Hug, Otto M. Hess
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Endothelial dysfunction of coronary arteries with impaired vasodilation has been reported in patients with arterial hypertension. However, the effect of dynamic exercise on coronary vasomotion of a stenotic vessel segment before and after PTCA has not yet been evaluated in these patients.Coronary vasomotion of a normal and a stenotic vessel segment was studied in 39 patients with coronary artery disease during supine bicycle exercise before and 9+/-3 months after PTCA. Luminal area changes were determined by biplane quantitative coronary arteriography. There were 21 normotensive and 18 hypertensive patients who did not differ with regard to clinical characteristics. Percent area stenosis decreased after PTCA from 90% to 39% (P<0.001) in normotensive and from 86% to 33% (P<0.001) in hypertensive patients. Exercise-induced vasomotion of the normal vessel segment was significantly different between normotensives and hypertensives before (+19% versus +1%, P<0.01) and after (+16% versus +3%, P<0.01) PTCA. In contrast, stenotic vessel segments showed vasoconstriction in both normotensive and hypertensive patients (Deltaexercise, -11% versus - 20%, P=NS), which was reversed after PTCA (+3% versus +2%, P=NS).Normal coronary arteries show reduced vasodilation during exercise in hypertensive patients that may be explained by the presence of endothelial dysfunction. Stenotic vessels demonstrate paradoxical vasoconstriction during exercise in both normotensive and hypertensive patients. PTCA reverses vasoconstriction by elimination of the flow-limiting stenosis and prevention of coronary stenosis narrowing during exercise in normotensive and hypertensive patients.