tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Due to a Specific Defect in the Production of Interleukin-2
Authors: Kenneth Weinberg, Robertson Parkman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

SEVERE combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is caused by a group of genetic diseases characterized by abnormal function of T and B lymphocytes.1 SCID was first described in children with lymphopenia, agammaglobulinemia, and absent proliferative responses to T-lymphocyte mitogens, such as phytohemagglutinin. Since the original description of X-linked lymphopenic SCID (the so-called Swiss type of agammaglobulinemia), other children have been found to have SCID due to the absence of the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which is required for the development of T lymphocytes. Together, the X-linked and adenosine deaminase—deficient forms of SCID account for approximately 40 to 50 percent of all cases. . . .
Effects of Obesity, Glucocorticoid, and Oral Contraceptive Therapy on Plasma Glucose and Blood Pyruvate Levels
Authors: J. W. H. Doar, V. Wynn
Journal: BMJ (1970)

THE PLASMA GLUCOSE AND BLOOD PYRUVATE LEVELS WERE DETERMINED AFTER ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST IN SIX GROUPS OF WOMEN: non-obese and obese controls and in non-obese and obese women receiving glucocorticoid or oral contraceptive therapy. The mean fasting plasma glucose level was similar in all groups, but glucose tolerance was impaired in the obese controls, non-obese women on oral contraceptives or being treated with glucocorticoids, and appreciably impaired in the obese oral contraceptive and glucocorticoid groups compared with mean levels in non-obese subjects of the same groups. Obesity was associated with abnormally raised blood pyruvate levels in response to a glucose tolerance test in all groups. Striking similarities were observed between the responses of the plasma glucose and blood pyruvate levels to glucose tolerance tests in the obese control and non-obese oral contraceptive and non-obese glucocorticoid-treated groups. It is suggested that these abnormalities result from a common mechanism-namely, glucocorticoid excess.
Counting Deaths Due to Medical Errors—Reply
Authors: Lucian L. Leape, Donald M. Berwick, David W. Bates
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A model for dose rate and duration of exposure effects in radiation carcinogenesis.
Authors: D C Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Multistage models have been used to describe various features of the incidence of cancer including the shape of the age-incidence curve; the influence of age at, duration of, and time since exposure; and the synergistic effect of exposure to multiple carcinogens. However, the models require from five to seven distinct transformations that must occur in a particular sequence. The lack of experimental support for so many events suggests a simpler model involving only two mutational events with a proliferative advantage for intermediate-stage cells. Neither model easily explains the paradoxical phenomenon that protraction of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation leads to lower risks per unit of total exposure, whereas the reverse occurs for high-LET radiation. In this paper, a three-stage model is considered that consists of two mutations at homologous sites, either or both of which might be induced by radiation, followed by activation of the transformed oncogene, which is not induced by radiation. Single-stranded lesions are potentially repairable, whereas double-stranded lesions may increase the proliferation rate. For low-LET radiation, these two mutations are more likely to occur as the result of independent transversals of a cell by separate quanta of radiation, whereas for high-LET radiation, they are more likely to occur simultaneously as the result of a single particle. The predictions of the model are illustrated for various patterns of exposure and choices of model parameters. Various tests of the proposed model are discussed.
Direct Gene Transfer into the Colon Using a Double-Balloon Catheter
Authors: R. M. Schmid, H. Weidenbach, S. Liptay, G. Adler
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Background and Study Aims: In spite of the many advances that have been made in understanding the molecular basis for diseases, a major obstacle to the treatment of human disorders remains the inability to express genes at specific sites in vivo. Recent progress in gene transfer technology has provided access to a variety of recombinant gene products that can be applied in clinical medicine for therapeutic purposes.
A REMEDY FOR CHOLERA.
Authors: REV. CLARENCE D. USSHER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Recently I picked up a piece of paper, apparently cut from some medical journal for the purpose of reinforcing a binding, and my eye caught the statement, by some one who apparently wrote as an authority, that "until now no remedy for cholera has been discovered," "all bad cases die [sic], in spite of remedies." The writer also expressed the opinion that the patients who recover would recover without medicine. About the same time I learned that cholera was spreading in Europe and that there was panic in places. These things lead me to feel that I have been remiss in my duty as a physician in not putting definitely before the profession the results of treatment of cholera in Van during an epidemic of six weeks' or more duration in the early part of this year. As the only foreign physician within a week's journey in any direction, my
THE RAT AS A DISSEMINATOR OF THE RELAPSING FEVER OF PANAMA
Authors: SAMUEL T. DARLING
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Attention should be directed to the probable role of the rat as a disseminating agent of the relapsing fever of Panama and presumably of Central America, Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela.  In a set of very convincing experiments, Bates, Dunn and St. John1have recently demonstrated by human experimentation that the tickOrnithodorus talajeGuerin, 1849 is the natural transmitting agent of the relapsing fever of Panama.  Epidemiologic testimony and the argument from analogy withO. moubata and Spirochaeta duttonihad been presented2some time before the actual demonstration of the tickO. talajeas the definitive host and carrier of the spirochete had been made.  My own observations on O. talaje date back to 1905, when nymphs of this species were first taken from rats (Mus rattus) caught in buildings on Ancon Hospital grounds. Adults of the species were collected in August, 1910, in the Panaman village of
A MULTICENTER STUDY OF 320 SLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR THE DETECTION OF CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Nanae Sato, Masae Uehara, Syunichi Kushida, Junji Kanda, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Koya Ozawa, Nobusada Funabashi, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abdominal wound dehiscence.
Authors: R Burkitt
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The initial three weeks of tendon healing were followed via electron microscopy to elucidate the process of inflammation, fibrillogenesis, and the cellular and subcellular events in tenotomized Achilles tendons, a model that is commonly used to determine the biomechanical effects of electrical stimulation, physical activity, ultrasound, and other forms of physical therapy. The right Achilles tendons of 18 rabbits were tenotomized, sutured, and immobilized. On each of postoperative days 5, 7, 12, 15, 18, and 21, the right Achilles tendons of three experimental rabbits were excised and processed for electron microscopy. To compare these tendons to normal tendons, the Achilles tendons of three control rabbits were excised bilaterally without prior tenotomy and processed for electron microscopy. Electron micrographs thus obtained revealed 1) an initial period of inflammation lasting at least five days, 2) a subsequent period of fibroplasia and fibrillogenesis, and 3) a third period of progressive alignment and organization of the collagen fibrils into bundles that were oriented in the longitudinal axis of the tendon. Although healing in rabbits may not translate directly to healing in humans, the findings of this study indicate that healing begins soon after tenotomy and that the regenerating Achilles tendon undergoes different stages of healing. Because each stage entails a different set of ultrastructural events, therapeutic interventions should be modified to address the specific events of each stage.
THE ACTION OF ETHYLHYDROCUPREIN (OPTOCHIN) ON TYPE STRAINS OF PNEUMOCOCCI IN VITRO AND IN VIVO, AND ON SOME OTHER MICROORGANISMS IN VITRO
Authors: Henry F. Moore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. Ethylhydrocuprein hydrochloride in very high dilution inhibits the growth of, and in 18 hours kills, representatives of all four groups of pneumococci in vitro. The killing effect is generally seen in somewhat lower dilutions than the inhibiting effect. No constant or considerable difference is seen in these actions on representatives of the four groups of the pneumococci. The action of ethylhydrocuprein hydrochloride on the pneumococci in vitro is so strongly specific that it may possibly be used as a test for a true pneumococcus. 2. The inhibitory or killing effects of ethylhydrocuprein hydrochloride in vitro on bacteria other than pneumococci are slight or absent. The effects are greater on streptococci than on any other organisms examined, but are still much less than on the pneumococci. This action distinguishes between the streptococcus group, including Streptococcus mucosus sometimes found in normal mouths, on the one hand, and the true pneumococcus (including Pneumococcus mucosus), on the other. 3. Quinine hydrochloride inhibits the growth of, and kills the pneumococcus in vitro; much stronger concentrations, however, are necessary than in the case of ethylhydrocuprein. This effect of quinine hydrochloride is also seen on other organisms, but in a less degree. 4. Ethylhydrocuprein (optochin base) has a well marked protective action against experimental pneumococcal infection in mice in the case of type strains of all four groups of pneumococci; this protective action may be efficient against many multiples of the minimum lethal dose.
802 IMPACT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ON ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT, QUALITY OF LIFE AND VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: J.P. Lang, P. Melin, D. Ouzan, L. Cattan, M. Chousterman, M. Rotily, T. Fontanges, P. Marcellin, P. Cacoub
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Prevention of reinfarction using half-dose reteplase and abciximab: observation from the GUSTO-5 trial
Authors: E.Magnus Ohman, Robert M. Califf, Michael Lincoff, Paul Armstrong, Neal Kleiman, Judith Hochman, Harvey White, Stefano Savonitto, Marion Piedmonte, Joan Booth, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Atrazine Binds to the Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone Receptor and Affects Growth Hormone Gene Expression
Authors: Walid D. Fakhouri, Joseph L. Nuñez, Frances Trail
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Atrazine (ATR), a commonly used herbicide in the United States, is widely distributed in water and soil because of its mobility through ecosystems and its persistence in the environment. ATR has been associated with defects in sexual development in animals, but studies on mammalian systems have failed to clearly identify a cellular target.Our goal in this study was to identify a ligand-binding receptor for ATR in pituitary cells that may explain the mechanism of action at the gene expression level.We used pituitary cells from postnatal day 7 male rats and pituitary cell lines to study the effect of ATR on gene expression of growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) at RNA and protein levels. 14C-ATR was used to determine its specific binding to the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR). The effect of ATR on structural proteins was visualized using immunofluorescent in situ staining.The treatment of rat pituitary cells with ATR, at environmentally relevant concentrations (1 ppb and 1 ppm), resulted in a reduction of GH expression. This effect appeared to result from the inhibition of GH gene transcription due to ATR binding to the GHRHR of the pituitary cells.Identification of GHRHR as the target of ATR is consistent with the myriad effects previously reported for ATR in mammalian systems. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the hazards of environmental ATR contamination and inform efforts to develop guidelines for establishing safe levels in water systems.
Deference, authority, flirtation, and stealth.
Authors: S Pembrey
Journal: BMJ (1979)

How often it happens that we realise the value of someone only when they have gone.So it has been with the traditional ward sister.Ate we too late to revive her ?I am optimistic that we are not and I certainly hope not, for the good ward sister has probably been the single most important influence in nursing over the last 100 years.Her decline since the Salmon reforms has worried doctors and nurses but I detect signs of a renaissance in clinical nursing-the ward sister's raison d'etre.How can we nurture this in the face of the inertia over nursing education reform, the breakup of a traditional order, and the consequences of the Salmon nursing management struc- ture ? Golden ageThe pre-1960s era was a golden age for nursing.The opportunities to perfect clinical nursing 'skills were legion.Doctors could do comparatively little harm to patient4; medicine was relatively straightforward so doc- tors generated less work than today; and there were only occasional conflict-s between technical "cure" nursing and maintaining the comfort of the patient, so the ward day could be largely devoted to internal nursing matters.The ward was a closed, stable unit where sister reigned supreme.Her
Adhesiveness of Blood Platelets in Arteriosclerosis Obliterans, Thromboangiitis Obliterans, Acute Thrombophlebitis, Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease
Authors: MILTON E. EISEN, MARY CATHERINE TYSON, SIDNEY MICHAEL, FRANCES BAUMANN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Total and adhesive platelet counts were made on normal individuals and on patients with myocardial infarction, thromboangiitis obliterans, and other peripheral vascular diseases. Tests were made in several cases while patients smoked and after abstaining from tobacco. Repeated tests were done while patients were receiving dicumarol anticoagulant therapy. A rise in adhesive platelet counts was found in cases of thromboangiitis obliterans, particularly with activity of the disease, and in cases of thrombophlebitis. Cessation of cigarette smoking in cases of thromboangiitis obliterans resulted in a significant decrease in platelet adhesiveness.
miR-222 Is Necessary for Exercise-Induced Cardiac Growth and Protects against Pathological Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Xiaojun Liu, Junjie Xiao, Han Zhu, Xin Wei, Colin Platt, Federico Damilano, Chunyang Xiao, Vassilios Bezzerides, Pontus Boström, Lin Che, Chunxiang Zhang, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Anthony Rosenzweig
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
The cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome: a manifestation of the Noonan syndrome?
Authors: K.A. WARD, C. MOSS, C. MCKEOWN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome has several features in common with the Noonan syndrome, but is distinguished by the presence of hyperkeratotic skin lesions, abnormal hair, and a lack of familial cases. We describe a family who clearly satisfy the criteria for the CFC syndrome, and show other features which have been reported in the Noonan syndrome but not in the CFC syndrome, namely a haemorrhagic diathesis and ocular abnormalities. This supports the concept that the CFC syndrome is a manifestation of the Noonan syndrome.
Chemical burns beneath tourniquets.
Authors: J. C. Dickinson, B. N. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Quatre observations de brulures de la peau sous le garrot observees apres operations sur la main chez des enfants de moins de 2 ans. Des solutions alcooliques de povidone iodee utilisees au niveau de l'operation ont deborde jusque sous le garrot, ou la pression a provoque des brulures
Therapy of aplastic anemia with sequential antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin
Authors: Gary C. Doolittle, David C. Bodensteiner, Barry S. Skikne, Mammo Amare
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Five consecutive patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated with antithymocyte globulin followed by cyclosporin A. All received antithymocyte globulin initially, and because of lack of response within a 4 week period, cyclosporin was administered subsequently. Hematologic improvement occurred within four months of initiation of cyclosporin. Four patients no longer require blood product support, while one remains transfusion‐dependent. In two patients, thrombocytopenia developed when the cyclosporin was tapered but re‐institution of the drug resulted in a prompt improvement of counts. These observations indicate that the sequential use of antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin may be an effective therapeutic approach in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia.
Role of the differential bombardment of atrial inputs to the atrioventricular node as a factor influencing ventricular rate during high atrial rate
Authors: S Garrigue
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

The role of the atrial inputs for the conduction through the atrioventricular node (AVN) at slow rates and during reentrant tachycardia is well acknowledged, although still controversial. However, the relationship between the sequence and rate of atrial engagement of the AVN inputs and the resulting ventricular rate during high atrial rate remains unclear. This study provides quantitative description of complex AVN input-output correlations determining the ventricular rate during random high atrial rate.12 rabbit heart preparations were used to evaluate the ventricular rate during programmed regular high atrial rate pacing or random pacing from eight atrial sites. Electrograms were recorded at the posterior (P) and anterior (A) AVN inputs, and at the bundle of His along with nodal cellular action potentials. Lorenz-plots and input-output-rate correlations were used to quantify the ventricular rate under different pacing protocols. Small alternations in the sequence of activation of P and A resulted in substantial changes of the organization of the intranodal cellular responses and the ventricular rate. The ventricular rate was shown to be significantly dependent on the site of high rate pacing (P < 0.01) and on the resulting mean rate of inputs activation. Furthermore, the asymmetry between P- and A-bombardment was an important determinant, so that high ventricular rate was associated with large difference between the inputs rates and vice versa (P < 0.05).The prevailing ventricular rate during high atrial rate is a complex dynamic parameter that depends not only on the global mean atrial rate but, in a major part, on the differential bombardment of the AVN inputs and on the site of initiation of the atrial wave fronts.
The measurement of itch with sensitive limb movement meters
Authors: JOHN A. SUMMERFIELD, MARTIN E. WELCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

A sensitive electromagnetic movement detector has been developed to estimate itch by measuring scratch during sleep. The cumulative time of nocturnal limb movements of patients with itchy and non-itchy liver diseases was estimated. Non-itchy patients moved their arms for 24 +/- 9.3 min/8 h (mean +/- s.d.) and their legs for 16 +/- 7.0 min/8 h. The limb movements were not related to left or right handedness or the sex or age of the patient. Itchy patients had increased nocturnal limb movements; however, the increase in arm movement (up to five times control level) was much greater than the increase in leg movement (up to twice control level). The marked increase in arm movements in itchy patients supports the view that this movement is largely due to scratching. The reproducibility of the estimates of arm movements was reasonable (within-person coefficient of variation 22%). In three studies, treatment resulted in a reduction of arm movements to normal levels. The measurement of cumulative nocturnal arm movement by these sensitive meters appears to be a valid estimate of scratch and superior to a subjective assessment of itch. The devices may also be applied to other studies, such as the effects of hypnotic drugs on sleep movement and the measurement of vibration.
Does This Patient Have an Infection of a Chronic Wound?
Authors: Madhuri Reddy, Sudeep S. Gill, Wei Wu, Sunila R. Kalkar, Paula A. Rochon
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Chronic wounds (those that have not undergone orderly healing) are commonly encountered, but determining whether wounds are infected is often difficult. The current reference standard for the diagnosis of infection of a chronic wound is a deep tissue biopsy culture, which is an invasive procedure.To determine the accuracy of clinical symptoms and signs to diagnose infection in chronic wounds and to determine whether there is a preferred noninvasive method for culturing chronic wounds.We searched multiple databases from inception through November 18, 2011, to identify studies focusing on diagnosis of infection in a chronic wound.Original studies were selected if they had extractable data describing historical features, symptoms, signs, or laboratory markers or were radiologic studies compared with a reference standard for diagnosing infection in patients with chronic wounds. Of 341 studies initially retrieved, 15 form the basis of this review. These studies include 985 participants with a total of 1056 chronic wounds. The summary prevalence of wound infection was 53%.Three authors independently assigned each study a quality grade, using previously published criteria. One author abstracted operating characteristic data.An increase in the level of pain (likelihood ratio range, 11-20) made infection more likely, but its absence (negative likelihood ratio range, 0.64-0.88) did not rule out infection. Other items in the history and physical examination, in isolation or in combination, appeared to have limited utility when infection was diagnosed in chronic wounds. Routine laboratory studies had uncertain value in predicting infection of a chronic wound.The presence of increasing pain may make infection of a chronic wound more likely. Further evidence is required to determine which, if any, type of quantitative swab culture is most diagnostic.
260 SUCCESSFUL THERAPY WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN CAUSES A SUSTAINED DECREASE IN PORTAL PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C-RELATED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M. Garcia-Retortillo, D. Rincón, A. Albillos, J. Colmenero, R. Bataller, J.L. Calleja, R. Bañnares, J.G. Abraldes, J. Bosch, J.M. Sanchez-Tapias, X. Forns, J.C. Garcia-Pagán
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)