tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Injury from Chronic Hypervitaminosis a Resulting in Portal Hypertension and Ascites
Authors: R. M. Russell, J. L. Boyer, S. A. Bagheri, Z. Hruban
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Chronic hypervitaminosis A was diagnosed in two patients who were initially seen because of ascites and clinical signs of cirrhosis. Histologic examination of liver-biopsy material revealed perisinusoidal fibrosis, central-vein sclerosis and focal congestion associated with perisinusoidal lipid-storage cells. Vitamin A fluorescence was found on frozen sections, and direct assay of tissue revealed substantial increases in vitamin A content (1700 to 2200 μg per gram of wet liver). Electron microscopy demonstrated an increase in basement-membrane-like material and collagen within the perisinusoidal space in association with lipid-filled Ito cells. The nature of this unusual lesion suggested that it might obstruct hepatic blood flow, result in considerable parenchymal-cell atrophy and lead to portal hypertension. These findings suggest that chronic ingestion of large amounts of vitamin A stimulates fibrogenesis and results in a disorder of hepatic function resembling cirrhosis. (N Engl J Med 291:435–440, 1974)
Erythrocytosis Associated with the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Dean A. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (1962)

INCREASING RECOGNITION has been given in recent years to the association between erythrocytosis and kidney disease. The majority of these renal disorders have been neoplastic. Experimental work suggests the kidney is a site of erythropoietin production. The association of erythrocytosis and the nephrotic syndrome has not been previously described. We recently had the opportunity of studying a patient who had tbe 2 conditions. Report of a Case A 23-year-old white male barber was first seen in September, 1959, complaining of swelling of his ankles which began 9 months previously. He also noted swelling about his eyes, especially in the morning, and said his weight had increased from 166 to 186 lb. (75.4-84.5 kg.). His face and hands were ruddy and the mucous membranes were deep red. His blood pressure was 125/90 mm. Hg, pulse 90 beats per minute, and temperature 98.4° F. (36.8° C.). The optic fundi were normal. Respiratory
Genetic control of endotoxic responses in mice.
Authors: J Watson, M Largen, K P McAdam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

A number of altered immunologic responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C3H/HeJ mice result from the expression in B lymphocytes of a defective genetic locus, termed Lps. Lps has been mapped to chromosome 4 between two loci, Mup-1 and Ps. As it is difficult to type individual mice for LPS responsiveness in more than one type of assay, we have utilized Mup-1 as a genetic marker to correlate LPS responses in mice to the expression of the Lps locus. Three nonlymphoid responses to LPS have been examined in 12 recombinant inbred strains of mice and in a backcross linkage analysis, and are all regulated by the expression of the Lps locus. These responses are hypothermal changes in body temperature, and the elevation in serum levels of a colony stimulating factor and the precursor of the secondary amyloid protein AA. Therefore, the initiation of LPS responses in different cell types in mice involve the expression of a common locus. These linkage studies provide a means for analyzing the genetic control of many of the diverse reactions of the endotoxic response to LPS.
A man with poorly controlled asthma and exercise induced symptoms
Authors: H. Pinnock
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 38 year old office worker who had recently taken up jogging as part of a fitness campaign presented to you because his efforts had not proved as successful as he had hoped. He reported a history of asthma since childhood and still had occasional symptoms throughout the year, although normally he was troubled by his wheezing only for a few weeks after viral upper respiratory tract infections. He was being prescribed beclometasone 100 μg regularly twice a day and salbutamol as needed to relieve symptoms. It had been two years since he last had a course of steroids to treat an acute exacerbation. He had set himself the long term goal of running for an hour after work every day, but had had to curtail his phased exercise programme because of shortness of breath. Using his salbutamol inhaler before running had some effect but was not preventing the problem. ### Short answers
Splanchnic vein thrombosis in candidates for liver transplantation: usefulness of screening and anticoagulation
Authors: C Francoz
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Splanchnic vein thrombosis is a significant source of complications in candidates for liver transplantation. The aims of this study were: (a) to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for splanchnic vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients awaiting transplantation and (b) to assess the usefulness of anticoagulation. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 251 cirrhotic patients listed for transplantation were analysed. All underwent systematic screening for thrombosis with Doppler ultrasonography. During the second period of the study, all patients with thrombosis received anticoagulation up to transplantation while during the first period none had received anticoagulation. <b>Results:</b> The incidence of splanchnic vein thrombosis at evaluation was 8.4%. Seventeen additional patients (7.4%) developed de novo thrombosis after evaluation. Independent risk factors for thrombosis were low platelet count (77.4 (36.3) <i>v</i> 111.6 (69.2) 10<sup>9</sup>/l; p = 0.001), a past history of variceal bleeding (47.4% <i>v</i> 29.1%; p = 0.003), and a prolonged interval from listing to transplantation (8.5 (6.8) <i>v</i> 4.8 (4.4) months; p = 0.002). The proportion of partial or complete recanalisation was significantly higher in those who received (8/19) than in those who did not receive (0/10, p = 0.002) anticoagulation. Survival was significantly lower in those who had complete portal vein thrombosis at the time of surgery (p = 0.04). <b>Conclusion:</b> These results support a systematic screening for splanchnic vein thrombosis in patients awaiting transplantation. They suggest that in these patients, anticoagulation is safe and has a significant impact on recanalisation as well as prevention of extension of thrombosis.
Dobutamine induced late potentials are related to the residual myocardial viability after acute myocardial infarction with reperfusion therapy
Authors: T. Yamada, M. Fukunami, T. Shimonagata, K. Kumagai, S. Sanada, H. Ogita, Y. Asano, N. Hoki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Impaired NLRP3 inflammasome expression and function in atopic dermatitis due to Th2 milieu
Authors: M. Niebuhr, K. Baumert, A. Heratizadeh, I. Satzger, T. Werfel
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis patients are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) that produce the staphylococcal exotoxin α-toxin. However, only patients with AD suffer from bacterial superinfections with this pathogen, which implicates immunological differences in AD vs psoriasis in combating these bacteria. S. aureus recognition is partially mediated by intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors (NLRs), which link α-toxin to caspase-1 activation through the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and to IL-1β secretion. Objective To investigate (i) NLRP3 expression in the context of different T-helper cytokine milieus and (ii) its function in response to sublytic α-toxin stimulation in patients with AD and psoriasis compared with healthy controls. Methods NLRP3 expression and function were investigated in lesional AD and psoriasis skin as well as in primary keratinocytes (HPKs) and monocytes upon stimulation with Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22 cytokines or staphylococcal α-toxin, respectively, at the mRNA and protein (ELISA, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence) level. Results NLRP3 and caspase-1 expressions were reduced in lesional AD skin compared to psoriatic and healthy skin. IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 downregulated NLRP3 and ASC, whereas interferon-γ upregulated NLRP3 in HPKs. In monocytes, caspase-1 expression was reduced by Th2 cytokines and enhanced by a Th1 milieu. Caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion was impaired in monocytes from patients with AD compared to patients with psoriasis and healthy controls by α-toxin stimulation following priming with lipoteichoic acid. Conclusion Impaired NLRP3 expression and function may partially explain how skin colonization and infection with S. aureus can contribute to chronic skin inflammation in AD.
Frequent Debridement for Healing of Chronic Wounds
Authors: Elizabeth Lebrun, Robert S. Kirsner
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The Natural History of Atherosclerosis
Authors: MARCEL M. VASTESAEGER, R. DELCOURT
Journal: Circulation (1962)

In order to complete the fragmentary knowledge of the natural history of atherosclerosis, the authors examined the coronary arteries of 403 captive and 146 wild vertebrates living in freedom, as well as the aortas of 134 of them. In 88 of the captive animals and in 51 of the free individuals, lipidogram, total cholesterol, beta-cholesterol and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio were also determined. In this material, spontaneous atherosclerosis always developed in arteries already impaired by intimal sclerosis, and intimal sclerosis seems to be a basic condition for spontaneous atherogenesis. Lipid deposits were found in the intima of 29 per cent of the examined aortas, but coronary atherosclerosis was present in only 2 per cent of the captive specimens. The discovery of coronary atherosclerosis in free tunny fishes, caught in the Bay of Biscay, brings proof that atherosclerosis is neither the privilege of warm-blooded vertebrates nor a consequence of captivity. Unfortunately, the material collected does not permit even a rough estimate of the influence of captivity on the development of atherosclerosis. It was observed in any case that captivity significantly alters some aspects of the lipidic metabolism in animals, and especially the beta-lipoprotein levels as well as the beta-cholesterol fraction. Spontaneous atherosclerosis may develop in fishes living in their natural habitat, feeding on a diet rich in unsaturated fats; in captive birds whose dietary fats are mostly unsaturated (crane, tree duck, pelican); and in wild mammals whose diet is free of animal fats, in freedom as well as in captivity (deer, camel, tapir).
Treatment of Psychoneuroses
Authors: J. E. Middlemiss
Journal: BMJ (1938)

Despite extensive evidence about the benefits of breast feeding for both infants and mothers, breastfeeding rates in the UK remain low. Most infants presenting with feeding issues are otherwise well but are often over diagnosed with clinical conditions such as maternal milk insufficiency, cow9s milk intolerance or reflux. With simple advice and troubleshooting common problems, all child health professionals can support mothers to establish and continue breast feeding exclusively for longer.
Mitral Regurgitation in Early Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kenneth G. Lehmann, Charles K. Francis, Harold T. Dodge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To investigate mitral regurgitation occurring early in the course of acute myocardial infarction with respect to its incidence, the impact of infarct size and location, the accuracy of clinical detection, the contribution of global and regional left ventricular performance, and its influence on prognosis. Design: Prospective observational study derived from patients entering Phase I of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial. Setting: Multicenter trial involving 13 universityaffiliated medical centers. Patients: A total of 206 patients studied within 7 hours of symptom onset during their first myocardial infarction. Measurements: Contrast left ventriculography was used to document mitral regurgitation. Results: Mitral regurgitation was present in 27 patients (13%). Although the presence of regurgitation correlated with the site of infarction (20 of 27 had anterior infarctions) and the number of akinetic chords, it was not statistically related to the peak creatine kinase value or to left ventricular chamber size or filling pressure. A murmur of mitral regurgitation was heard in only 2 patients (1 incorrectly). The presence of early mitral regurgitation predicted cardiovascular mortality at 1 year by univariate (relative risk, 12.2; 95% Cl, 3.5 to 42; P < 0.0001) and multivariate (relative risk, 7.5; Cl, 2.0 to 28.6; P = 0.0008) analyses. Conclusions: Mitral regurgitation in early myocardial infarction is generally clinically "silent," is more common in anterior infarction, is associated with regional dysfunction but not early ventricular dilation or peak enzyme release, and is an important predictor of cardiovascular mortality.
MAMMARY GLAND PREPARATIONS
Authors: W. A. PUCKNER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Mammary gland preparations were admitted to New and Nonofficial Remedies when there was promise that they might be found to have therapeutic value. In 1921, the Council considered the question of continuing these products in New and Nonofficial Remedies. In view of the slight evidence for the therapeutic value that had accumulated during the many years of their trial, the Council decided to omit these preparations from the book.<sup>1</sup> To determine whether the status of these products had changed, letters were written to a number of men who might be expected to be conversant with the present status of therapy with mammary gland preparations. Great difficulty was encountered in finding any medical men of standing who would undertake to write on the subject. The appeal was made to a leading gynecologist, a leading obstetrician, a leading pharmacologist and a man closely identified with the field of internal secretions. Answers
Blood: breath partition coefficient of alcohol
Authors: J P Payne
Journal: BMJ (1977)

SIR,-In response to the comments of Drs Corcoran and Rizk we wish to add that: (1) only day-marked packs of birth control pills are available in Finland, (2) all mothers were of same ethnic group, (3) the weight of the women varied from 47 to 65 kg, with no statistically significant difference between the groups, (4) their ages varied from 19 to 34 years, (5) all but one had previously delivered a child, and (6) no differences in terms of previous operations or infections were noted.In analysing the possible reasons for the low rate of ectopic pregnancy with lynoestrenol Drs Corcoran and Rizk omit the one which we consider the most important.It has not been demonstrated that 0-5 mg of lynoestrenol is equivalent in terms of progestational activity to 003 mg of D-norgestrel or 03 mg of norethisterone.In fact, there is some evidence that the ovarian effect of 0-5 mg of lynoestrenol is profound, with either inhibition of ovulation or effective functional suppression of the corpus luteum.1-4This would also explain the low Pearl index with 0 5 mg of lynoestrenol.
Telomerase mutations in smokers with severe emphysema
Authors: Susan E. Stanley, Julian J.L. Chen, Joshua D. Podlevsky, Jonathan K. Alder, Nadia N. Hansel, Rasika A. Mathias, Xiaodong Qi, Nicholas M. Rafaels, Robert A. Wise, Edwin K. Silverman, Kathleen C. Barnes, Mary Armanios
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Mutations in the essential telomerase genes TERT and TR cause familial pulmonary fibrosis; however, in telomerase-null mice, short telomeres predispose to emphysema after chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Here, we tested whether telomerase mutations are a risk factor for human emphysema by examining their frequency in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Across two independent cohorts, we found 3 of 292 severe COPD cases carried deleterious mutations in TERT (1%). This prevalence is comparable to the frequency of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency documented in this population. The TERT mutations compromised telomerase catalytic activity, and mutation carriers had short telomeres. Telomerase mutation carriers with emphysema were predominantly female and had an increased incidence of pneumothorax. In families, emphysema showed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, along with pulmonary fibrosis and other telomere syndrome features, but manifested only in smokers. Our findings identify germline mutations in telomerase as a Mendelian risk factor for COPD susceptibility that clusters in autosomal dominant families with telomere-mediated disease including pulmonary fibrosis.
Cartilaginous airway dimensions and airflow obstruction in human lungs.
Authors: H A Tiddens, P D Paré, J C Hogg, W C Hop, R Lambert, J C de Jongste
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Airway wall remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can have a profound effect on the function of the airways. We tested the hypothesis that airflow obstruction and estimates of peripheral airway inflammation correlate with airway wall thickness and the amount of bronchial smooth muscle in cartilaginous airways. In addition, we estimated the theoretical relation between airway dimensions and airway resistance with a computational model. Lung tissue was obtained from 72 patients with different degrees of COPD who were operated on for a solitary peripheral lung lesion. In 341 transversely cut cartilaginous airway sections we measured airway size and airway wall dimensions. Inflammatory changes from the same lungs were scored in noncartilaginous airways. Preoperatively measured maximum expiratory flows and the response to a bronchodilator were correlated with airway wall dimensions. Maximum expiratory flow, the reversibility of airflow obstruction, and peripheral airway inflammation were significantly related to the airway wall area but not to the smooth muscle area. We conclude that airflow obstruction and its reversibility in COPD is in part caused by thickening of the cartilaginous airway wall and is related to inflammatory changes.
FoxP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells play an important role in acute HIV-1 infection in humanized Rag2−/−γC−/− mice in vivo
Authors: Qi Jiang, Liguo Zhang, Rui Wang, Jerry Jeffrey, Michael L. Washburn, Dedeke Brouwer, Selena Barbour, Grigoriy I. Kovalev, Derya Unutmaz, Lishan Su
Journal: Blood (2008)
?S gene in Central Iran is in linkage disequilibrium with the Indian-Arab haplotype
Authors: Soheila Rahgozar, Ali A. Poorfathollah, Ali R. Moafi, John M. Old
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Sickle cell anemia is not considered to be a significant disease in Iran, although the sickle cell trait is estimated to have a high incidence in the Southern provinces. Since 1977, when the presence of a mild sickle cell anemia was reported in this country, there have been no further investigations published giving precise data on the incidence and origins of the sickle cell mutation in Iran. We report here the finding of patients with the sickle cell trait, sickle cell anemia, and sickle-beta thalassemia in Central Iran. A survey of 300 individuals from a village in Southeast Esfahan revealed an incidence of the sickle cell trait of 8.33%. "Cascade screening" enabled 96 relatives in four surrounding villages to be tested, and the at-risk couples were offered counseling as a "sickle cell control program." The hematological indices and HbF levels of the affected patients were determined. The HbF levels were unusually high, ranging from 18% to 41.4%, and SS patients with the highest levels were asymptomatic. Linkage analysis revealed the betaS gene haplotype in this population to be the Indian-Arab haplotype.
WHICH BETA BLOCKER RESTORES LEFT VENTRICULAR SYNCHRONISATION BETTER? A RANDOMISED TRIAL OF CARVEDILOL AND METOPROLOL IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AND HEART FAILURE
Authors: MEHMET KAYA, BAHADIR SARLI, YAT Y. LAM, ESMA G. KAYA, ALI DOGAN, TUGRUL INANC, OZGUR GUNEBAKMAZ, MIKAIL YARLIOGLUES, NIHAT KALAY, RAMAZAN TOPSAKAL
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Adding the missing link back into mate choice research
Authors: Rui Mata, Andreas Wilke, Peter M. Todd
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Evolutionary psychologists should go beyond research on individual differences in attitudes and focus more on detailed models of psychological mechanisms. We argue for complementing attitude research with agent-based computational modeling of mate choice. Agent-based models require detailed specification of individual choice mechanisms that can be evaluated in terms of both their psychological plausibility and the population-level outcomes they produce.