tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethics of collecting and using healthcare data
Authors: Derick Wade
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Primary responsibility lies with the organisations involved, not ethical review committees

Quality assurance is a broad concept that includes activities termed audit, quality improvement, and clinical governance. Both quality assurance and research require the systematic collection and analysis of data from all (relevant) patients. However, whereas research activities are generally required to undergo independent ethical review, audit activities are exempt from such review. How can we ensure that quality assurance activities are ethical?

Patients using any healthcare system have an ethical responsibility to help with quality assurance activities,1 2 3 and with epidemiological research based on population-wide databases, such as the United Kingdom's new National Health Service programme,4 because they will benefit from such activities. However, involvement in quality assurance and epidemiological research usually involves using patients' data without their consent. In return for this loss of autonomy and potential risk (of disclosing information that might harm), patients should expect quality assurance activities to be ethically sound, healthcare resources to be committed to quality assurance, and benefits to justify any risks and burdens.

Two national working parties, in the United …
EXPERIMENTAL ENTERIC SHIGELLA AND VIBRIO INFECTIONS IN MICE AND GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Rolf Freter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

A method has been devised for inhibiting the normal enteric flora, permitting long term asymptomatic enteric infections of mice and guinea pigs with streptomycin-resistant strains of Shigella flexneri or Vibrio cholerae. Introduction of a streptomycin-resistant strain of E. coli into the intestinal tract of experimental animals resulted in a rapid elimination of the enteric pathogens studied. No in vitro production of antibiotic substances by this coli strain could be demonstrated. Active and oral passive immunization did not noticeably influence the number of Shigella or Vibrio organisms recoverable from the feces of infected animals.
Emergency endoscopic reduction of a gastric volvulus
Authors: K. Kulkarni, J. Nagler
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

An 86-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of abdominal distension, epigastric pain, and vomiting. Computed tomography showed gastric distension, with part of the gastric body herniating into the thoracic cavity, and a paraesophageal hernia. These findings were consistent with a mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus ([Figure 1]). The patient was significantly dehydrated and further tests revealed that he had renal failure, metabolic acidosis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Immediate surgical intervention was considered to be an extremely high-risk option, so the volvulus was reduced endoscopically.
Consensus Development Conference on Antipsychotic Drugs and Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Michael T. Isaac, Maria B. Isaac
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We of course welcome the fact that the issue of obesity and diabetes in the management of psychosis is taken seriously by the disciplines represented in this conference (1). However, as clinical psychiatrists we are concerned that some of the matters raised may give an unintentionally misleading message.

We are far from sure, for example, that the evidence supports the view that there is so much disparity in the incidence of obesity and diabetes among first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Furthermore, there is no evidence, for that matter, of disparity …
George N. Aagaard, MD
Authors: Eric B. Larson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF BILIARY DRAINAGE
Authors: E. L. Shaffer
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with considerable interest (The Journal, Dec. 23, 1922, p. 2129) the report by Fitz and Aldrich on chemical and physical examinations of bile removed at operation from gallbladders in a series of known gallbladder conditions. According to their results, they are not able to correlate their findings with any of the known gallbladder changes in the conditions they were investigating. Consequently, they have assumed that biliary studies according to the methods of Lyon cannot be of much diagnostic significance. So far as I am aware, neither Lyon and his co-workers, nor those who have made use of his methods, have ever based much on the physical and chemical analyses of bile obtained by this method of drainage. To be sure, the specific gravity, viscosity, color, etc., are noted, but usually do not have much weight in the diagnostic balance. We know that these characteristics
Epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Families
Authors: Hjordis M. Foy
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The transmission and clinical manifestations of infection with<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>were studied in 114 families in which there was a case of atypical pneumonia.<i>M pneumoniae</i>was isolated from a throat culture of the index pneumonia patient in 36 of these families. Transmission to other family members occurred in 23 of the 36 families. In these 23 families, 84% of the children and 41% of the adults were infected. The index cases are included. Of the total 59 patients with family-contact infections, 42 had lower-respiratory-tract symptoms, 6 had pharyngitis alone, 9 (all children) were asymptomatic, and 2 had probably unrelated symptoms. The time intervals between cases within a family suggested a median incubation period of 23 days. Treatment with tetracycline seemed neither to cure the symptoms completely nor to abolish the carrier state that often lasted one to three months.
727 FIBROTEST AND LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT (LSM) BY FIBROSCAN FIBROSIS DIAGNOSIS IN HIV–HCV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS FROM THE FRENCH HepaVIH COHORT. HIV-TREATMENTS IMPACT ON NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKERS
Authors: M. Munteanu, D. Salmon Ceron, M. Winnock, M.-A. Loko, P. Bonnard, M.-A. Valantin, Y. Benhamou, F. Dabis, T. Poynard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Bacterial Meningitis Despite 'Normal' CSF Findings
Authors: J. Ris, J. Mancebo, P. Domingo, J. Cadafalch, J. M. Sanchez
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—Report of a Case.—</h3> A 50-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever, purulent sputum, dyspnea, and pleuritic pain; she had not taken antibiotics prior to admission. Her medical history was unremarkable. On admission her blood pressure was 80/50 mm Hg, her temperature was36.8 °C, her pulse rate was 120 beats per minute and regular, and her respirations were 28/min. Physical findings were normal except for bibasilar rales, and there were no signs of meningeal irritation. An x-ray film of the chest showed an alveolar pattern in both lower lobes and a rightsided pleural effusion. The blood picture profile was normal except for a leukocyte count of 20,300/cu mm with 18% band forms. Thoracocentesis disclosed serosanguineous fluid and a Gram-stained smear showed no organisms. Four hours later her temperature rose, her consciousness became impaired, and she developed mild nuchal rigidity without other focal neurologic signs.
Hypercoagulability -- A New Cofactor in the Protein C Anticoagulant Pathway
Authors: Kenneth A. Bauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Patients with venous thromboembolism can be divided into two groups. The first includes patients with a disease such as cancer, a predisposing factor such as recent surgery, or an acquired abnormality such as the lupus anticoagulant that is known to increase the risk of thrombosis. The mechanisms underlying the hypercoagulable state in this group are poorly understood. The second category consists of patients without the usual risk factors that predispose people to venous thrombosis. In some of these patients it is possible to identify a deficiency of antithrombin III, protein C, or protein S. Family studies have shown that hereditary . . .
Interaction between leukemic-cell VLA-4 and stromal fibronectin is a decisive factor for minimal residual disease of acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Takuya Matsunaga, Naofumi Takemoto, Tsutomu Sato, Rishu Takimoto, Ikuta Tanaka, Akihito Fujimi, Takehide Akiyama, Hiroyuki Kuroda, Yutaka Kawano, Masayoshi Kobune, Junji Kato, Yasuo Hirayama, Sumio Sakamaki, Kyuhei Kohda, Kensuke Miyake, Yoshiro Niitsu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Dismissing patients' past healthcare cost seems premature
Authors: H. J. Beerstecher
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The models for health expenditure at practice level presented by Dixon and colleagues have impressive predictive power.1 The approach and selection of variables seems to be logical and sensible. However, the authors exclude historic healthcare cost, a powerful predictor of individual future healthcare cost, on the basis that its inclusion would either be a perverse incentive for …
13C octanoic acid breath test
Authors: J P Galmiche, B Delbende, F Perri, A Andriulli
Journal: Gut (1998)

Although scintigraphy, a non-invasive procedure, is usually considered to be the reference technique for measuring gastric emptying in humans, 1 several drawbacks limit its application in routine practice.Expensive equipment is required and access to a nuclear medicine department, and the use of radioactive isotopes (generally 99m Tc and 111 In) can produce low but significant irradiation. 2It is diYcult to repeat the technique at frequent intervals or to use it with certain patients such as children or pregnant women.However, these disadvantages are not involved when stable isotopes are used.In 1993, Ghoos et al 3 were the first to report a novel technique based on the use of 13 C octanoic acid, a medium chain fatty acid which is rapidly absorbed in the duodenum and metabolised in the liver. 4 5Following oxidation, the resulting 13 CO 2 is excreted into breath at a level which can easily be detected and measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. 6][9][10][11][12] However, the test has not been validated on a large scale by other groups.Initial work of Choi et al was less promising, 13 but a recent report from the same team did find a statistically significant correlation between scintigraphy and breath test. 14he purpose of the international multicentric study reported in abstract 1 was twofold: firstly, to validate the accuracy and reproducibility of the test on a large scale by reference to gastric scintigraphy, regarded as the gold standard; and secondly, to define the reference values for clinical, pharmacological, and pathophysiological studies.To facilitate comparison with the Ghoos study, the mathematical model developed by their group was used, 3 15 but applied to diVerent European countries including France, Italy, and Germany.Scintigraphic gastric emptying curves were calculated and fitted using a power exponential function (Weibell model) for the solid curves. 16Results of solid gastric emptying measurements were expressed as half emptying time (t 1/2s ) as previously reported by Lartigue et al. 17 In abstract 2 a comparison was made of gastric emptying rates with and without an overnight fast and the conclusion was drawn that due to the lack of an apparent circadian rhythm, gastric emptying studies could be done at diVerent times of day.The application of the 13 C octanoic acid breath test to study gastric emptying in the paediatric population is described in abstract 3. The non-invasive nature of the test is ideal for this age group, but further standardisation of test meals and validation of methodology is required.Abstract 4 describes a novel measurement of gastric emptying using 2 H octanoic acid.Deuterium enters the body water pool after oxidation of the substrate and is then slowly eliminated.This method has potential for measuring gastric emptying in addition to another event by a conventional 13 C breath test, such as fat digestion or oro-caecal transit time.
General Medical Practice in England and Wales
Authors: David Mechanic
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

IN 1965 the British Medical Guild, an organization developed by the British Medical Association, collected undated resignations of some 18,000 British general practitioners — the vast majority of all such practitioners working within the structure of the English National Health Service. These resignations were used to increase the strength of the general practitioners' position in negotiations with the Government for a new structure and system of remuneration for general practice. Although the Review Body on Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration, in its 1966 report, concluded that the data available to them do "not establish that medical and dental earnings are as . . .
SPLENIC ENLARGEMENT IN CHRONIC CARDIAC DISEASE
Authors: JAMES E. TALLEY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The splenomegaly of acute endocarditis is well recognized. The importance of splenic enlargement in subacute bacterial endocarditis as a diagnostic sign has been stressed during the last decade. Is there an important splenomegaly in chronic cardiac failure by congestion due to stasis alone? In attempting to answer this question we shall consider: the volume of the normal spleen; the means of detecting moderate splenomegaly; the circulation of the spleen, and the evidence of pathologist and clinician, and finally see whether well taken hospital histories reflect the conclusions otherwise derived. The normal spleen varies from 150 to 20 gm. As it normally is equivalent to 1/350 part of the body weight, the 150 gm. spleen would correspond to an individual weighing roughly 52 kg., or 115 pounds; the 200 gm. spleen to an individual weighing 70 kg., or 154 pounds. The spleen is relatively smaller in women, and tends to atrophy
SIRT2 Maintains Genome Integrity and Suppresses Tumorigenesis through Regulating APC/C Activity
Authors: Hyun-Seok Kim, Athanassios Vassilopoulos, Rui-Hong Wang, Tyler Lahusen, Zhen Xiao, Xiaoling Xu, Cuiling Li, Timothy D. Veenstra, Bing Li, Hongtao Yu, Junfang Ji, Xin Wei Wang, Seong-Hoon Park, Yong I. Cha, David Gius, Chu-Xia Deng
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Profound Neutropenia During the Early Phase of Hemodialysis
Authors: Leonard S. Kaplow
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Patients undergoing hemodialysis manifest marked temporary neutropenia occurring 2 to 15 minutes after the start of dialysis, followed by an increase in band neutrophils. Total leukocyte counts return to near normal levels approximately one hour later. The phenomenon is not due to simple filtration of leukocytes by the dialyzer nor to heparin sodium administration, and is independent of the administration set or the infusion pump mechanism. Rebound leukocytosis is not observed, and the neutropenia is unaccompanied by chills, fever, or other symptoms usually associated with intravenous infusions of pyrogenic substances.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy for nucleos(t)ide-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients in Korea: data from the clinical practice setting in a single-center cohort
Authors: Sung Soo Ahn, Young Eun Chon, Beom Kyung Kim, Seung Up Kim, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Kwang-Hyub Han, Jun Yong Park
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

This study assessed the antiviral efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for up to 12 months in Korean treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.A total of 411 treatment-naïve CHB patients who had been treated with TDF for at least 3 months (median 5.6) were consecutively enrolled. Clinical, biochemical, virological parameters and treatment adherence were routinely assessed every 3 months.The median age was 51.3 years, 63.0% of the patients were male, 49.6% were HBeAg (+), and 210 patients had liver cirrhosis. The median baseline HBV DNA was 5.98 (SD 1.68) log10 IU/mL. Among the patients completing week 48, 83.3% had a complete virologic response (CVR, <12 IU/mL by HBV PCR assay), and 88.2% had normalized levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The cumulative probabilities of CVR at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 22.8%, 53.1%, 69.3% and 85.0%. During the follow-up period, 9.8% patients achieved HBeAg loss and 7.8% patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion. There was no virological breakthrough after initiating TDF. The most common TDF-related adverse event was gastrointestinal upset, and three patients discontinued TDF therapy. However, no serious life-threatening side effect was noted.In a clinical practice setting, TDF was safe and highly effective when administered for 12 months to Korean treatment-naïve CHB patients.
Melanoma detection rate and concordance between self-skin examination and clinical evaluation in patients attending a pigmented lesion clinic in Italy
Authors: P. Carli, V. De Giorgi, P. Nardini, F. Mannone, D. Palli, B. Giannotti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Melanoma detection rate and concordance between self‐skin examination and clinical evaluation in patients attending a pigmented lesion clinic in Italy Get access P. Carli, P. Carli Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani, 37, 50121 Firenze, Italy Dr Paolo Carli. E‐mail: carli@unifi.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. De Giorgi, V. De Giorgi Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani, 37, 50121 Firenze, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Nardini, P. Nardini Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani, 37, 50121 Firenze, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Mannone, F. Mannone Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani, 37, 50121 Firenze, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Palli, D. Palli Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Giannotti B. Giannotti Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani, 37, 50121 Firenze, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 2, 1 February 2002, Pages 261–266, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04580.x Published: 01 February 2002 Article history Accepted: 26 August 2001 Published: 01 February 2002
Why HLA-B27: An Analysis Based on Two Animal Models
Authors: JAMES T. ROSENBAUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

The histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 predisposes to at least three diseases: ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, and acute anterior uveitis. Despite its marked association with these diseases, the mechanism of the predisposition remains speculative. Two animal models, those of adjuvant arthritis and endotoxin-induced uveitis, are particularly relevant to an understanding of B27-related disease. An analysis of these two models is useful in considering hypotheses on the mechanism of the B27-related predisposition. The proposal that HLA-B27 itself or a gene closely linked to it confers an enhanced sensitivity to an inflammatory mediator such as a prostaglandin fits both with the animal models and observations on human disease. Studies to test this hypothesis are in progress.
THE USE OF A MODIFIED DOUBLE THOMAS FRAME IN THE TREATMENT OF THE PARALYSES OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: J. Macnamara
Journal: BMJ (1932)

TilE BRITISH'influenced by the pulse during the last three to four minutes of its course.The ache begins in the forehead, and, while remaining most intense there, tends, at its height, to invade the temples, the convexity of the calvarium, and occasionally the occipital region.Thus the results of injecting histamine intravenously appear to be divisible into two phases.The first is that in which vaso-dilatation begins and progresses to a maximum; this phase is not accompanied by headache.The second phase, that of the decline of vaso-dilatation, is marked by the onset and progressive development of headache, which persists, though lessening, when all objective
Analysis of GST Allergen Cross-Reactivity in a North American Population for Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Geoffrey Mueller, Lars Pedersen, Jill Glesner, Lori L. Edwards, Josefina Zakzuk, Robert London, Luisa Karla P. Arruda, Martin D. Chapman, Luis Caraballo, Anna Pomes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Microcystic Inner Nuclear Layer Abnormalities and Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Jeffrey M. Gelfand, Bruce A. Cree, Rachel Nolan, Sam Arnow, Ari J. Green
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Microcystic abnormalities involving the inner nuclear layer of the retina occurs in a subset of patients with multiple sclerosis, most commonly in eyes previously affected by symptomatic optic neuritis. Acute optic neuritis is a cardinal manifestation of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). To our knowledge, microcystic inner nuclear layer abnormalities have not been investigated in NMO.To establish whether microcystic inner nuclear layer abnormalities occur in NMO.Observational, retrospective study.University of California at San Francisco Multiple Sclerosis Center (academic specialty clinic).Twenty-five consecutive patients with NMO based on 2006 diagnostic criteria or with NMO spectrum disease (defined by seropositivity for anti-aquaporin 4 IgG in the context of a single episode of transverse myelitis or optic neuritis).Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.Identification of microcystic inner nuclear layer pathology on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between microcystic changes and measures of retinal structure and function. The hypothesis was generated prior to the data being reviewed and analyzed.Microcystic changes were identified in 5 of 25 patients with NMO (20%) and 7 of 48 total eyes, including 7 of 29 eyes (24%) previously affected by optic neuritis. Microcystic changes occurred exclusively in eyes with a history of acute symptomatic optic neuritis (100% of eyes with microcystic changes had experienced prior optic neuritis compared with 71% of NMO eyes without microcystic abnormalities). There were no significant differences between patients with NMO with and without microcystic changes in terms of age, sex, and aquaporin 4-IgG antibody status. The mean age in this cohort was 44 years (range, 13-81 years); 84% were women; 80% were aquaporin 4-IgG seropositive; and the median Expanded Disability Status Scale score was 4.0 (interquartile range, 3.0-6.5).Microcystic inner nuclear layer pathology occurs in a proportion of patients with NMO in eyes previously affected by acute optic neuritis. Additional research is needed to understand the cause of this retinal pathology and determine whether it contributes to persistent visual disability in patients with NMO following optic neuritis.