tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Ingrowing Toenail
Authors: W. E. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICAL JOU9NALreacts sluggishly and appears to be deaf.He has progressed slowly and is Inow, at the end of April, 8 lb. 10 oz.(3.88 kg.).The father is 29 and healthy.His sister had rheumatic carditis at the age of 14 and his father had a " displaced heart," which never made him ill.The mother is 22 and robust.On inquiring about her health during the pregnancy she said that she was very well except that she "caught German measles from her sister during the first month."The attack had apparently been mild and had not made her feel at all unwell.The Wassermann reaction, taken at the antenatal clinic, was negative.Her sister and the other members of her family, father and mother, are all well.-Iam, etc.,
The effects of minoxidil on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in hypertensive man.
Authors: P E Klotman, C E Grim, M H Weinberger, W E Judson
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Pulmonary hypertension has been described as a possible complication of the antihypertensive vasodilator, minoxidil. A prospective study was undertaken in seven severely hypertensive patients refractory to multiple drug therapy. Treatment was initiated with fixed doses of hydrochlorothiazide (100 mg/day) and propranolol (160 mg/day) for a control period. Mean systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, and pulmonary artery pressure were then compared before and after the addition of acute (5 day) and chronic (2 month) therapy with minoxidil. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased from a control value of 135 mm Hg to a value of 104 mm Hg acutely and 108 mm Hg chronically. Significant increases in mean cardiac output occurred with minoxidil therapy (from 4.2 L/min control to 5.4 L/min acutely and 5.1 L/min chronically) despite concomitant propranolol treatment. Mean pulmonary artery pressure did not increase either acutely or chronically. The data suggest that in patients with normal pulmonary hemodynamics prior to treatment, pulmonary hypertension does not develop during two months of minoxidil therapy.
A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE CLINICAL, PATHOLOGIC, AND BACTERIOLOGIC FEATURES OF CUTANEOUS BLASTOMYCOSIS (BLASTOMYCETIC DERMATITIS, OF GILCHRIST), FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF DR. JAMES NEVINS HYDE AND THE WRITER, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THIRTEEN CASES, THREE OF THEM HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED.
Authors: FRANK HUGH MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The purpose of this communication is to present to the general practitioner a clinical description, illustrated by photographs of cases, of a cutaneous disorder which is probably more common than is generally supposed and which has possibly been confounded in the past with verrucous tuberculosis of the skin, with unusual forms of carcinoma, or with atypical manifestations of syphilis. For diagnostic purposes a brief description of the histopathology and of the bacteriology (in so far as it is understood) of the disorder is included. The following description is based chiefly on the clinical, pathologic and bacteriologic study of 14 cases, 13 of which have been under more or less constant observation by us for periods ranging from four months to four years, 10 of them having been under our care for a year or longer. Of these we have studied the histopathology in 13 and obtained cultures in 11 cases.
COMPLICATIONS DURING AND FOLLOWING ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS.
Authors: RUFUS B. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Abdominal and pelvic surgery to-day is practiced by as restless and ambitious a throng as ever fought for fame upon the battlefield. There is probably not a State in the Union which cannot produce at least one man from each county, who has made one or more abdominal sections in the past few years. In many instances the welfare of the patient is only a secondary consideration to them. The prevalence of the mistaken idea that intra-abdominal and pelvic surgery is an exceedingly easy procedure, and the desire for local fame is what induces the large per cent. of these men to undertake the work. But after they have had a few deaths on account of unlooked-for complications, they have learned that opening the abdomen and making the necessary operations is not always easy, as has been so frequently stated by abdominal surgeons. Not a few of these men, to
Crohn's or poisoning?
Authors: A K Banerjee, T J Peters
Journal: Gut (1988)

Crohn's or poisoning?SIR,-Recent work by Bjarnason et al' on blood and protein loss through small intestinal inflammation induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) would appear to have potential medico- legal implications on the result of a celebrated murder trial which took place in 1859.A certain Dr Smethurst was found by jury trial to have murdered his wife by administration of an unknown poison.The Home Secretary, however, taking the advice of Sir Benjamin Brodie, Surgeon to St George's Hospital, granted Dr Smethurst a free pardon since there was not 'absolute and complete evidence of his guilt'.2The necropsy findings have suggested subsequently that his wife had Crohn's disease.'In the small intestine 'nothing remarkable was observed until the lower end of the ileum was reached, when at about three feet from its termination in the caecum, the mucous membrane commenced to exhibit an inflammatory response'.In the caecum 'inflammation of the most acute and violent character was observed . . . the bare muscular coat was seen beneath.The muscular coat itself in the caecum was likewise infiltrated with this exudation . . .and there is no doubt that through this part of the intestine some transudation had occurred which had set up the peritonitis.No actual perforation was discoverable.'4 These findings could also be explained by severe NSAID induced ileitis.Salicylic acids are present in large concentrations in oil of wintergreen and admin- istration of such medication, which was in common use at the time, may have resulted in the first reported case of non-steroidal drug induced intestinal inflam- mation in man.
CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF EUGLOBULIN-LIKE PRECIPITATES FROM SERUM PROTEINS AND CHONDROITIN SULFATE 1
Authors: Jacques Badin, Maxwell Schubert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

The present work constitutes a study of the conditions under which chondroitin sulfate and serum proteins can produce insoluble complexes which behave like euglobulins.Euglobulins are characterized by insolubility in distilled water, solubility in dilute salt solutions and reprecipitability by dialysis of such salt solutions against dis- tilled water.
PROTECTIVE DEVICE IN NOSE AND THROAT WORK
Authors: W. N. Lipscomb
Journal: JAMA (1925)

It may be that many men doing nose and throat work do not care to employ protection against the cough or sneeze of the patient; but those who do might adopt the plan illustrated here. The great advantage of this in a private office is secondary only to its necessity in handling large numbers of the less careful in the outpatient clinics. The device is essentially a glass in a frame supported by a rod bent at the proper height, which can be regulated as regards both the horizontal and the vertical position. In the vertical, which is the usual position, the glass is suspended between the physician's face and that of the patient. In examining a throat, the physician's outstretched arms are extended on each side of the glass without hindrance. No trouble has been experienced in using the head mirror; however, this involves a good quality of glass
Inhibition of glucosylceramide accumulation results in effective blockade of polycystic kidney disease in mouse models
Authors: Thomas A Natoli, Laurie A Smith, Kelly A Rogers, Bing Wang, Svetlana Komarnitsky, Yeva Budman, Alexei Belenky, Nikolay O Bukanov, William R Dackowski, Hervé Husson, Ryan J Russo, James A Shayman, Steven R Ledbetter, John P Leonard, Oxana Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
The quest to reduce the risk of adverse medical events in exercising individuals: introducing the SAFER (Strategies to reduce Adverse medical events For the ExerciseR) studies
Authors: Martin Schwellnus, Wayne Derman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Mature locomotion requires that animal nervous systems coordinate distinct groups of muscles. The pressures that guide the development of coordination are not well understood. We studied vertical locomotion in developing zebrafish to understand how and why coordination might emerge. We found that zebrafish used their pectoral fins and bodies synergistically to climb. As they developed, zebrafish came to coordinate their fins and bodies to climb with increasing postural stability. Fin-body synergies were absent in mutants with-out vestibular sensation, linking balance and coordination. Similarly, synergies were systematically altered following cerebellar lesions, identifying a neural substrate regulating fin-body coordination. Computational modeling illustrated how coordinated climbing could improve balance as zebrafish mature. Together these findings link the sense of balance to the maturation of coordinated locomotion. As they develop, zebrafish improve postural stability by optimizing fin-body coordination. We therefore propose that the need to balance drives the development of coordinated locomotion.
Capillary Perfusion and Wall Shear Stress Are Restored in the Coronary Circulation of Hypertrophic Right Ventricle
Authors: Yunlong Huo, Carlos O. Linares, Ghassan S. Kassab
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

It has been shown that right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy involves significant compensatory vascular growth and remodeling. The objective of the present study was to determine the functional implications of the vascular growth and remodeling through a full flow analysis of arterial tree down to first capillary segments. A computer reconstruction of RV branches including the proximal right coronary artery to the posterior descending artery was established based on measured morphometric data in arrested, vasodilated porcine heart. The flows were computed throughout the reconstructed trees based on conservation of mass and momentum and appropriate pressure boundary conditions. It was found that the flow rate was significantly increased in large epicardial coronary arteries in hypertrophic as compared with control hearts but normalized in the intramyocardial coronary arteries and smaller vessels in RV hypertrophy primarily because of the significant increase in number of arterioles. Furthermore, the wall shear stress was restored to nearly homeostatic levels throughout most of the vasculature after 5 weeks of RV hypertrophy. The compensatory remodeling in RV hypertrophy functionally restores the perfusion at the arteriolar and capillary level and wall shear stress in most of larger vessels. This is the first full analysis of coronary arterial tree, with millions of vessels, in cardiac hypertrophy that reveals the compensatory adaptation of structure to function.
The Therapeutic Use of 2,3-Dimercaptopropane-1-Sulfonate in Two Cases of Inorganic Mercury Poisoning
Authors: James R. Campbell, Thomas W. Clarkson, Mark D. Omar
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Two patients had heavy metal intoxication resulting from industrial exposure to mercury vapors. One patient remained asymptomatic despite high urinary mercury levels. The second presented with a documented toxic reaction, including abnormal electromyograms and hematuria. Treatment was begun with 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate, an investigational drug used under Food and Drug Administration guidelines (IND 19 276). Use in both patients resulted in a dramatic change in excretion half-life of the mercury, from 33.1 days before treatment to 11.2 days during therapy. No significant toxic effects related to drug therapy were observed. Clearing of hematuria and reversal of electromyographic abnormalities were prompt in the symptomatic patient. Therapy with 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate was effective in these two patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:3127-3130)
Effect of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin biosynthesis by skin
Authors: MALCOLM W.GREAVES, WENDY McDONALD-GIBSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

SUMMARY

We report inhibition of in vitro synthesis of prostaglandins by skin in the presence of aspirin and indomethacin. In the presence of aspirin significant inhibition of enzymic synthesis of prostaglandin F2α, but not prostaglandin E2, was demonstrated. Indomethacin also caused a significant inhibition of synthesis of prostaglandin F2α, but had no effect on prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Since there is increasing evidence that prostaglandins mediate some types of inflammation, the possibility arises that inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis explains at least part of the anti-inflammatory activity of these drugs.
Biomarkers for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions
Authors: Michael Zeisberg, Eric G. Neilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Somatic cells that change from one mature phenotype to another exhibit the property of plasticity. It is increasingly clear that epithelial and endothelial cells enjoy some of this plasticity, which is easily demonstrated by studying the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Published reports from the literature typically rely on ad hoc criteria for determining EMT events; consequently, there is some uncertainty as to whether the same process occurs under different experimental conditions. As we discuss in this Personal Perspective, we believe that context and various changes in plasticity biomarkers can help identify at least three types of EMT and that using a collection of criteria for EMT increases the likelihood that everyone is studying the same phenomenon — namely, the transition of epithelial and endothelial cells to a motile phenotype.
Evaluation of opioid induced nausea and vomiting in sickle cell disease
Authors: Stacy Shifflett Shord, Lita Chew, John Villano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

A common side effect of opioids is nausea and vomiting; however, the incidence in hospitalized patients receiving opioids for acute pain is unknown. We performed a retrospective study in adult patients with sickle cell disease admitted for an acute pain crisis during a six-month period to evaluate the incidence of nausea and vomiting and characterize the prescribing of antiemetics. Eligibility included normal hepatic and renal function. Thirty-four subjects with a total of 97 admissions were evaluated. As expected, opioids were prescribed during all admissions. Fifty percent of the subjects experienced nausea or vomiting during the study period and these same patients accounted for the majority of the admissions, 17 subjects with 71 admissions (Group I). Nausea was reported in 18 (25%) of these admissions and vomiting was reported in 24 (34%) of these admissions. The most common antiemetics prescribed were: prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, and promethazine and antiemetics were ordered during 22 (23%) separate admissions for all subjects included in the study. The clinical benefit of these medications is limited due to uneven documentation. In conclusion, many of our patients experienced nausea or vomiting with antiemetics infrequently prescribed on an as needed basis. This suggests a need for better approaches to manage nausea and vomiting in patients receiving opioids.
PSYCHIATRIC OBSERVATIONS UNDER SEVERE CHRONIC STRESS
Authors: V. A. KRAL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

The reactions and behaviour of the internees of the internment camp, Theresienstadt, are described. They were characterized by remarkable uniformity. Every adult internee experienced an initial phase of reactive depression. Although the capacity for, and the degree of, adjustment to camp life varied with different people the final outcome of the adapting process became uniform again owing to the physiological and psychological sequelæ of the constant and severe stress. The incidence and course of the various psychiatric conditions occurring in the camp are discussed. No influence of the life and conditions in the camp on endogenous psychoses could be observed. Senile dementia and other organic psychoses, on the other hand, were influenced to a considerable degree. No new cases of psychoneuroses originated in Theresienstadt. Old and long-lasting conditions of that kind improved to such an extent that the patients could be considered as practically cured. After the liberation, however, neurotic reactions could be observed in some of the former internees.
Radiological Diagnosis of Splenic Rupture
Authors: W. J. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1955)

improvement in bladder function seven days after admis- sion, he gradually grew worse and died on August 5.Haematuria appeared a week before death.Laboratory Findings.-Cerebrospinalfluid: pressure normal-no block; protein, 30 mg. per 100 ml.; cells, 420 per c.mm., mainly lymphocytes; sugar, 62 mg. per 100 ml.Blood: red cells, 4,590,000; white cells, 8,500 (neutrophils 70%, eosinophils 5%, large lymphocytes 24%, monocytes 1%); Hb, 75% ; Kahn test + + + ; no sickling of red cells.Urine: reaction, acid; S. G. 1005; sugar, nil; red blood cells, + + ; few pus and epithelial cells; no schistosome ova.X-ray films of the chest and lumbar spine were normal.Post-mortem Examination.The following were the rele- vant findings.-Rightkidney: circular tumour on upper and lateral pole, about 2 in. (5cm.) diameter growing from kidney substance; weight 400 g.; capsule adherent; section revealed many round pale areas.Left kidney: similar, but no tumour bulging out; weight 380 g.Spinal cord: blood- stained C.S.F.; no sign of obstruction.Lumbar vertebrae: no secondaries seen by naked-eye examination.Macroscopically there was great blurring of pattern of kidney by diffuse grey infiltration (tumour).Microscopically, the kidney showed wide separation of parenchymal structures by tumour cells.Spinal cord: Infiltration with tumour cells was conspicuous in the anterior and posterior roots in the lumbar cord, also in the pia mater but not in the cord substance.
Functional Gene Expression Analysis Uncovers Phenotypic Switch in Aggressive Uveal Melanomas
Authors: Michael D. Onken, Justis P. Ehlers, Lori A. Worley, Jun Makita, Yoshifumi Yokota, J. William Harbour
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Microarray gene expression profiling is a powerful tool for generating molecular cancer classifications. However, elucidating biological insights from these large data sets has been challenging. Previously, we identified a gene expression-based classification of primary uveal melanomas that accurately predicts metastatic death. Class 1 tumors have a low risk and class 2 tumors a high risk for metastatic death. Here, we used genes that discriminate these tumor classes to identify biological correlates of the aggressive class 2 signature. A search for Gene Ontology categories enriched in our class-discriminating gene list revealed a global down-regulation of neural crest and melanocyte-specific genes and an up-regulation of epithelial genes in class 2 tumors. Correspondingly, class 2 tumors exhibited epithelial features, such as polygonal cell morphology, up-regulation of the epithelial adhesion molecule E-cadherin, colocalization of E-cadherin and β-catenin to the plasma membrane, and formation of cell-cell adhesions and acinar structures. One of our top class-discriminating genes was the helix-loop-helix inhibitor ID2, which was strongly down-regulated in class 2 tumors. The class 2 phenotype could be recapitulated by eliminating Id2 in cultured class 1 human uveal melanoma cells and in a mouse ocular melanoma model. Id2 seemed to suppress the epithelial-like class 2 phenotype by inhibiting an activator of the E-cadherin promoter. Consequently, Id2 loss triggered up-regulation of E-cadherin, which in turn promoted anchorage-independent cell growth, a likely antecedent to metastasis. These findings reveal new roles for Id2 and E-cadherin in uveal melanoma progression, and they identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4602-9)
Vitamin D Suppresses Leptin Stimulation of Cancer Growth through microRNA
Authors: Ravi Kasiappan, Yuefeng Sun, Panida Lungchukiet, Waise Quarni, Xiaohong Zhang, Wenlong Bai
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Obesity is a pandemic and major risk factor for cancers. The reduction of obesity would have been an effective strategy for cancer prevention, but the reality is that worldwide obesity has kept increasing for decades, remaining a major avoidable cancer risk secondary only to smoke. The present studies suggest that vitamin D may be an effective agent to reduce obesity-associated cancer risks in women. Molecular analyses showed that leptin increased human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA expression and cell growth through estrogen receptor-α (ERα) activation in ovarian cancer cells, which was suppressed by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. The suppression was compromised when miR-498 induction by the hormone was depleted with microRNA (miRNA) sponges. In mice, high-fat diet (HFD) stimulation of ovarian tumor growth was remarkably suppressed by 1,25(OH)2D3 analogue EB1089, which was also compromised by miR-498 sponges. EB1089 did not alter HFD-induced increase in serum leptin levels but increased miR-498 and decreased the diet-induced hTERT expression in tumors. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed an inverse correlation between hTERT mRNA and miR-498 in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 in estrogen-sensitive ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers. The studies suggest that miR-498-mediated hTERT downregulation is a key event mediating the anti-leptin activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 in estrogen-sensitive tumors in women. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6194–204. ©2014 AACR.
1119-98 Protective role of low C-reactive protein levels against classical risk factors for coronary atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Domenico Cianflone, Cosmo Godino, Marco Magnoni, Stefano Coli, Marinica Savino, Claudia Monaco, Gaetano A Lanza, Antonio Rebuzzi, Filippo Crea, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease. I. Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: S G Meuwissen, B J Dekker-Saeys, D Agenant, G N Tytgat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

To establish the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 79 AS patients underwent detailed medical screening, including sigmoidoscopic and roentgenological examination, 48 had gastrointestinal symptoms and the others did not. In 3 patients a diagnosis of Crohn's disease was made which was previously established. In all other patients inflammatory bowel disease could be excluded. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in this series of patients with AS therefore was 3.8%.
Left-Superior-Vena-Cava Steal Syndrome
Authors: Suzanne Oparil, Allan Goldblatt, W. Hardy Hendren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

TRICUSPID atresia constitutes approximately 3 per cent of autopsied cases of cyanotic congenital heart disease and 3 per cent of clinically diagnosed congenital heart lesions in patients under 14 years of age.1 2 3 A persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) draining into the coronary sinus is frequently associated with this and other congenital cardiac malformations. The following case illustrates a problem that may be encountered in the surgical management of tricuspid atresia with an associated LSVC.Case ReportA 7-year-old girl was first seen at 7 weeks of age for cyanosis. The abnormal findings included 1+ cyanosis at rest, increasing to . . .
Fusion gene transcripts and Ig/TCR gene rearrangements are complementary but infrequent targets for PCR-based detection of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nancy Boeckx, M J Willemse, T Szczepanski, V H J van der Velden, A W Langerak, Philippe Vandekerckhove, J J M van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (2002)