tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radionuclide Scanning in Patients with Advanced Malignant Melanoma
Authors: HYMAN B. MUSS, FREDERICK RICHARDS, PAULA L. BARNES, VIRGIL V. WILLARD, ROBERT J. COWAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

The results of liver, bone, and brain scans in 84 patients with recurrent or metastatic malignant melanoma were reviewed. The liver scan was initially positive in 18% (14/78) and ultimately in 32% (25/78). Serum alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase were elevated in 92%. These patients ultimately developed positive liver scans, while convincing hepatomegaly was noted in only 44%. Bone scans were eventually positive in 33% (16/49), all of whom had pain. Brain scans were positive in 15% (10/65), all of whom had CNS symptoms. In asymptomatic patients, bone and brain scans only rarely disclosed occult lesions.
Fine Particulate Matter (PM <sub>2.5</sub> ) Air Pollution and Selected Causes of Postneonatal Infant Mortality in California
Authors: Tracey J. Woodruff, Jennifer D. Parker, Kenneth C. Schoendorf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Studies suggest that airborne particulate matter (PM) may be associated with postneonatal infant mortality, particularly with respiratory causes and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). To further explore this issue, we examined the relationship between long-term exposure to fine PM air pollution and postneonatal infant mortality in California. We linked monitoring data for PM<or=2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) to infants born in California in 1999 and 2000 using maternal addresses for mothers who lived within 5 miles of a PM2.5 monitor. We matched each postneonatal infant death to four infants surviving to 1 year of age, by birth weight category and date of birth (within 2 weeks). For each matched set, we calculated exposure as the average PM2.5 concentration over the period of life for the infant who died. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds of postneonatal all-cause, respiratory-related, SIDS, and external-cause (a control category) mortality by exposure to PM2.5, controlling for the matched sets and maternal demographic factors. We matched 788 postneonatal infant deaths to 3,089 infant survivors, with 51 and 120 postneonatal deaths due to respiratory causes and SIDS, respectively. We found an adjusted odds ratio for a 10-microg/m3 increase in PM2.5 of 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93-1.24] for overall postneonatal mortality, 2.13 (95% CI, 1.12-4.05) for respiratory-related postneonatal mortality, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.55-1.23) for SIDS, and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.50-1.39) for external causes. The California findings add further evidence of a PM air pollution effect on respiratory-related postneonatal infant mortality.
National data on women's health mask inequalities, conference hears
Authors: P. Chatterjee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Women from ethnic minorities and poor or vulnerable women need to be targeted in efforts to improve women’s health, heard delegates at the Third Women Deliver conference held in Kuala Lumpur on 28-30 May.

Although national statistics in recent years have been highlighting improvements in the health of women and girl in many countries, these data often mask huge differences between regions and communities. Experts in public health at the conference underlined the importance of filling the gaps in the data to improve measurement and monitoring of maternal mortality.

The Countdown to 2015 accountability report from the World Health Organization and Unicef, launched at the conference, said that maternal and child mortality had been falling over the past two decades in most of the 75 countries that account for over 95% of the world’s maternal and child mortality (the …
TCT-187 Factors of Restenosis After Endovascular Treatment for Iliac Artery
Authors: Hideyuki Takimura, Keisuke Hirano, Yoshimitsu Soga, Daizo Kawasaki, Ryouji Koshida, Yoshiaki Shintani, Nobuhiro Suematsu, Kenji Suzuki, Jyunichi Tasaki, Terutoshi Yamaoka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Inhaled extended-release microparticles of heparin elicit improved pulmonary pharmacodynamics against antigen-mediated airway hyper-reactivity and inflammation
Authors: Ayca Yildiz, Elinor John, Yildiz Özsoy, Ahmet Araman, James C. Birchall, Kenneth J. Broadley, Mark Gumbleton
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Antimicrobial Therapy in Patients With &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/EMPH&gt; O157:H7 Infection
Authors: Kåre Mølbak
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On the Frequency of Movable Kidney
Authors: S. Tidey
Journal: BMJ (1895)

Boperation the patient became somewhat childish, mania ap- peared, and death occurred on the twelfth day after castra- tion.CASE iv.-About this time my attention was called to a case in one of the large Glasgow hospitals.It had been decided to perform orchectomy for enlarged prostate with consequent distress.The operator was a surgeon of large
Manufacturer's reply to letter by Seed and colleagues
Authors: B. Disse, N. Metzdorf, H. Bender
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Seed and colleagues suggest that the excipient benzalkonium chloride in the Respimat mist inhaler might partly explain the differences seen between placebo and the Respimat inhaler.1 The hypothesis is unfounded for three reasons.

Firstly, the placebo in clinical trials with tiotropium Respimat was identical to the active treatment except for the lack of the active chemical entity. …
Spreading instead of growing
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

A protein previously hailed as a tumor suppressor has a sinister agenda, according to Rolny et al. (page 1155). Although this false savior, semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B), tells tumor cells to stop growing, it then sends them on their way to grow elsewhere.






Figure 1

Infiltration of macrophages (red, left) into tumors is blocked when tumors are treated with anti–IL-8 antibody (right).




Semaphorins were initially identified as extracellular navigation signals for growing axons. Some of them are now known to enhance tumor progression by increasing the growth of blood vessels that feed the tumor. SEMA3B, however, is thought to be a tumor suppressor because it also inhibits tumor cell proliferation.

Rolny et al. now find that this suppression comes at a potentially fatal price. Most tumor suppressors are either absent or expressed at low levels in cancerous tissues. But the group found high levels of SEMA3B in many cancer cell lines and in metastatic tumors from patients. Although SEMA3B inhibited the proliferation of these tumor cells in vitro, the poor prognosis of these patients suggested that SEMA3B signaling might have detrimental effects in vivo.

To test this hypothesis, the authors engineered human tumor cells in which SEMA3B expression was controlled by a drug-inducible promoter and injected these cells into the skin of immune cell-depleted mice. Drug-treated mice had smaller skin tumors but developed secondary lung tumors, suggesting that SEMA3B induced metastasis.

The authors found that SEMA3B inhibited growth and simultaneously triggered metastasis by activating the signaling kinase p38. p38 then activated a cell cycle inhibitor and induced tumor cells to secrete IL-8, a cytokine known to induce leukocyte chemotaxis. The IL-8–secreting tumors were full of infiltrating macrophages, which are thought to spur metastasis by producing soluble factors such as VEGF. Blocking the release of IL-8 in response to SEMA3B, the group found, blocked the metastasis of these tumors.
Recombination and the Frequency Spectrum in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans
Authors: Molly Przeworski, Jeffrey D. Wall, Peter Andolfatto
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Most “tests of neutrality” assess whether particular data sets depart from the predictions of a standard neutral model with no recombination. For Drosophila, where nuclear polymorphism data routinely show evidence of genetic exchange, the assumption of no recombination is often unrealistic. In addition, while conservative, this assumption is made at the cost of a great loss in power. Perhaps as a result, tests of the frequency spectrum based on zero recombination suggest an adequate fit of Drosophila polymorphism data to the predictions of the standard neutral model. Here, we analyze the frequency spectrum of a large number of loci in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans using two summary statistics. We use an estimate of the population recombination rate based on a laboratory estimate of the rate of crossing over per physical length and an estimate of the species' effective population size. In contrast to previous studies, we find that roughly half of the loci depart from the predictions of the standard neutral model. The extent of the departure depends on the exact recombination rate, but the global pattern that emerges is robust. Interestingly, these departures from neutral expectations are not unidirectional. The large variance in outcomes may be due to a complex demographic history and inconsistent sampling, or to the pervasive action of natural selection.
Factor V <sup>Leiden</sup> Inhibits Fibrinolysis In Vivo
Authors: Andrew C. Parker, Lakshmi V. Mundada, Alvin H. Schmaier, William P. Fay
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Factor V Leiden (fV Leiden ) predisposes to thrombosis by enhancing thrombin formation. This study tested the hypothesis that fV Leiden inhibits fibrinolysis in vivo. Methods and Results— Radiolabeled clots were injected into the jugular veins of wild-type mice and mice heterozygous ( fV +/Q ) or homozygous ( fV Q/Q ) for fV Leiden . Mean percent clot lysis 5 hours later was significantly reduced in fV Q/Q mice (14.3±3.6%, n=13) compared with wild-type mice (40.2±7.0%, n=17; P &lt;0.01) and intermediate in fV +/Q mice (29.4±8.7%, n=9; P &lt;0.03 versus fV Q/Q , P =0.36 versus wild type). The rate of in vitro lysis of plasma clots prepared from fV +/Q or fV Q/Q mice was significantly slower than that of wild-type plasma clots, whereas in vitro clot lysis did not differ significantly between groups after inhibiting thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. Conclusions— fV Leiden inhibits fibrinolysis in vivo, suggesting an additional pathway by which this mutation promotes thrombosis.
Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide-induced blood brain barrier permeability during experimental meningitis in the rat.
Authors: B Wispelwey, A J Lesse, E J Hansen, W M Scheld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The factors responsible for blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury during bacterial meningitis are incompletely defined. We evaluated the role of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the alteration of blood-brain barrier permeability (BBBP) in an adult, normal and leukopenic, rat model of meningitis. Intracisternal inoculation of Hib LPS resulted in (a) dose-dependent increases in BBBP from 2 pg to 20 ng, with significant attenuation in the peak response after challenge with 500 ng and 1 microgram; (b) time-dependent increases in BBBP, with a delayed onset of at least 2 h, maximum alteration at 4 h, and complete reversal at 18 h; (c) greater BBBP than after challenge with the live parent strain; (d) and a close correlation (r = 0.86) between CSF pleocytosis and BBBP at 4 h. The LPS effect was significantly inhibited by preincubation with Polymyxin B and neutrophil acyloxyacyl hydrolase, however two different oligosaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies did not inhibit activity. No change in BBBP after inoculation with Hib LPS occurred in leukopenic rats. Hib LPS, in the setting of an intact leukocyte response, exerts profound effects on BBBP.
Blinking and Blepharospasm-Reply
Authors: Joseph Jancovik
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Dr Lamberts for his thoughtful comments. In our article, "Blinking and Blepharospasm," we concentrated on the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of common neurological and ophthalmologic conditions that cause increased blinking and blepharospasm. Defective tearing is certainly one of the most important ocular disorders, causing eye irritation, increased blinking, and even blepharospasm. We agree with Dr Lamberts that the protective value of proper lacrimation in the normal maintenance of corneal epithelium cannot be overemphasized. Normal reflex tearing may be disturbed by local corneal disease (eg, herpes zoster keratitis), by a lesion in the pontine tegmentum, where the preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise, in the sensory root (nervus intermedius) of the facial nerve, in the greater superficial petrosal nerve or in the deep petrosal nerve, in the sphenopalatine ganglion (eg, nasopharyngeal tumors), and in the ophthalmic or maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve. An interruption of the afferent or
945 IN VITRO DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS INTO FUNCTIONAL HEPATOCYTES USING A MESENCHYMAL CELL LINE DERIVED FROM MURINE FETAL LIVERS
Authors: T. Ishii, K. Yasuchika, K. Fukumitsu, T. Kawamoto, Y. Amagai, R. Kamimura, N. Sasaki, I. Ikai, E. Kawase, H. Suemori, N. Nakatsuji, S. Uemoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Specific Targeting of Human Inflamed Endothelium and In Situ Vascular Tissue Transfection by the Use of Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Authors: Olga Barreiro, Río J. Aguilar, Emilio Tejera, Diego Megías, Fernando de Torres-Alba, Arturo Evangelista, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Playing God? Human Genetic Engineering and the Rationalization of Public Bioethical Debate
Authors: Lisa Keränen, Lisa S. Parker
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Eight-Hour Intravenous Infusions of ACTH and the Adrenocortical Steroids in Normal Man. I. Basal Gastric Secretion, and Plasma and Urinary Pepsinogen12
Authors: B. I. Hirschowitz, D. H. P. Streeten, J. A. London, H. M. Pollard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

While there appears to be general agreement that adrenocortical deficiency results in a reduc- tion of gastric secretory activity both in man (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) and in animals (7)(8)(9)(10)(11), no such unanimity of opinion exists regarding the effects of increased activity of the adrenal cortex on gastric secretion.Whereas some studies have shown that the administration of ACTH or of adrenocortical steroids may increase gastric acid and pepsin secretion (12- 14), others have failed to show any significant increase in acid or pepsin output by the stomach during the administration of ACTH (15-17) or cortisone or hydrocortisone (18, 19).Part of the confusion regarding any stimulant effect of in- creased adrenocortical activity stems from the use of urinary pepsinogen (uropepsin) levels as an in- dex of gastric secretion.In this study the effects of 8-hour infusions of ACTH, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, prednisolone, and aldosterone in normal males on the volume, acid, pepsin, and viscosity of gastric juice were studied, together with simultaneous measurements of blood and urinary pepsinogen.These results were compared with the effects of infusion of the vehicle alone and contrasted to the effects of a 4-hour infusion of histamine.The results indicate that in general the hormones did not produce stimulation of gastric secretion com- pared with a known stimulant such as histamine.An analysis of changes in urinary pepsinogen excretion indicates that the glucocorticoids in-
Minimally invasive coronary bypass grafting of the left anterior descending coronary artery improves myocardial perfusion in the nonrevascularized second vessel territory in two-vessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Oberdan Parodi, Renata De Maria, Alberto Repossini, Wafer Dabdoob, Ida Venier, Alberto Bestetti, Angelo Del Sole, Emmanuela Devoto, Marina Parolini, Paolo Biglioli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Induction of the RNA Regulator LIN28A Is Required for the Growth and Pathogenesis of RESTless Breast Tumors
Authors: Kearney T.W. Gunsalus, Matthew P. Wagoner, Kassondra Meyer, Wyatt B. Potter, Barry Schoenike, Soyoung Kim, Caroline M. Alexander, Andreas Friedl, Avtar Roopra
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The transcription factor RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is lost in approximately 20% of breast cancers. Although it is known that these RESTless tumors are highly aggressive and include all tumor subtypes, the underlying tumorigenic mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we show that loss of REST results in upregulation of LIN28A, a known promoter of tumor development, in breast cancer cell lines and human breast tumors. We found that LIN28A was a direct transcriptional target of REST in cancer cells and that loss of REST resulted in increased LIN28A expression and enhanced tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, effects that were dependent on heightened LIN28A expression. Tumors lacking REST expression were locally invasive, consistent with the increased lymph node involvement observed in human RESTless tumors. Clinically, human RESTless breast tumors also displayed significantly enhanced LIN28A expression when compared with non-RESTless tumors. Our findings therefore show a critical role for the REST-LIN28A axis in tumor aggression and suggest a causative relationship between REST loss and tumorigenicity in vivo. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3207–16. ©2012 AACR.
Preemptive rituximab infusions after remission efficiently prevent relapses in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Miguel Hie, Julie Gay, Lionel Galicier, François Provôt, Claire Presne, Pascale Poullin, Guy Bonmarchand, Alain Wynckel, Ygal Benhamou, Philippe Vanhille, Aude Servais, Dominique Bordessoule, Jean-Philippe Coindre, Mohamed Hamidou, Jean-Paul Vernant, Agnès Veyradier, Paul Coppo
Journal: Blood (2014)
Potential Health Hazards of Materials Used in Boating
Authors: William B. Deichmann
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A visitor to a marina sees variety: numerous craft of different materials and of many sizes and designs. "Over forty-two million Americans take to our nation's waterways each year," according to Admiral W. J. Smith of the US Coast Guard.<sup>1</sup>These people are the experienced skip pers and novice boatmen who, with their friends, in 1968 operated a total of 4,742,871 Class A, 1, 2 and 3 motor boats. Of these boats, 34.7% were constructed of wood, 31.3% of fiberglass, 28.5% of aluminum, and 2.6% of steel.<sup>2</sup>Should the visitor be a physician, he may ponder on the health hazards of the materials used in construction and maintenance. The yachtsman or amateur boat builder frequently handles an array of chemicals or chemical preparations in the form of paints, paint removers, cleansers, corrosion inhibitors, bleaching agents, and fuels. He may not always be aware of injuries that may result
Neurological and Psychomotor Functions in Children with an Increased Lead Burden
Authors: Siegfried M. Pueschel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Fifty-eight children with an increased lead burden underwent comprehensive investigations and were reevaluated 1(1/2) to 3 years later. Of these children 23-27% were noted to have minor neurological dysfunction and various forms of motor impairment during each evaluation. While the initial psychological assessment revealed low average mental abilities in the majority of children, during follow-up examination a significant increase in certain areas of intellectual functioning was observed.