tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Hormonal Regulation of Proliferation and Differentiation*
Authors: Richard G. Pestell, Chris Albanese, Anne T. Reutens, Jeffrey E. Segall, Richard J. Lee, Andrew Arnold
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

I. Introduction II.Regulation of the Cell Cycle G 1 Phase A. The cyclins B. The Cdk-inhibitory proteins C. Regulation of transcription by cell cycle-control proteins III.Endocrine Regulation of Cyclin and Cdk-Regulatory Proteins A. Single-transmembrane segment receptors B. Seven-transmembrane receptors C. Steroid hormones D. Intracellular second
Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey
Authors: Farzad Mostashari, Michel L Bunning, Paul T Kitsutani, Daniel A Singer, Denis Nash, Michael J Cooper, Naomi Katz, Karen A Liljebjelke, Brad J Biggerstaff, Annie D Fine, Marcelle C Layton, Sandra M Mullin, Alison J Johnson, Denise A Martin, Edward B Hayes, Grant L Campbell
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Rooting Out Invasive Species: Lessons from Down Under
Authors: Tim Lougheed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

March of the hares.In what is perhaps the quintessential cautionary tale about invasive species, millions of rabbits have stripped the Australian landscape of native vegetation since their introduction from Europe in the 1800s.Beauty is skin deep.Many plants introduced for their ornamental or shade value, such as parkinsonia, end up taking far more out of the environment than they add.Closing the gates.Past introductions of species such as the crop-destroying silverleaf whitefly (left) have been both casual and catastrophic.Today, Australia is watching closely to ensure that mosquitoes carrying Japanese encephalitis virus (right) do not make their way into the country.
Chronic kidney disease in homeless persons in Mexico
Authors: Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, Alfonso J. Gutiérrez-Padilla, Karina Renoirte-Lopez, Martha Mendoza-Garcia, Ma C. Oseguera-Vizcaino, Hector R. Perez-Gomez, J. Mario Marquez-Amezcua, Marcello Tonelli
Journal: Kidney International Supplements (2013)
Bone marrow monocyte-/macrophage-derived activin A mediates the osteoclastogenic effect of IL-3 in multiple myeloma
Authors: R Silbermann, M Bolzoni, P Storti, D Guasco, S Bonomini, D Zhou, J Wu, J L Anderson, J J Windle, F Aversa, G David Roodman, N Giuliani
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

Bone marrow monocyte-/macrophage-derived activin A mediates the osteoclastogenic effect of IL-3 in multiple myeloma
Biologic Markers in Risk Assessment for Environmental Carcinogens
Authors: F. Perera, J. Mayer, R. M. Santella, D. Brenner, A. Jeffrey, L. Latriano, S. Smith, D. Warburton, T. L. Young, W. Y. Tsai, K. Hemminki, P. Brandt-Rauf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The potential ofbiologic markers to provide more timely and precise risk assessments for environmental carcinogens is viewed against the current state-of-the-art in biological monitoring/molecular epidemiolo.Biologic markers such as carinogen-DNA adducts and oncogene activation are currently considered valid qualitative indicators of potential risk, but for most chemical exposures research is needed to establih their validity as quantitative dtors of cancer risk.Biologic markers have, however, already provided valuable insights into the uagnitude of interindividual variation in response to carcinogenic exposures, with major implications for risk assessnent.
Non-enzymatic glycosylation of keratin from the stratum corneum of the diabetic foot
Authors: L. DELBRIDGE, C.S. ELLIS, K. ROBERTSON, L.P. LEQUESNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Non‐enzymatic glycosylation of keratin from the stratum corneum of the sole of the foot was measured by the thiobarbituric acid technique in thirty diabetic and thirty control subjects. A significant increase in the level of glycosylation was demonstrated in the diabetic subjects (P < 0.001). HbA1 levels were measured in a further eighteen subjects at the same time as keratin was removed, and in this group a significant association between non‐enzymatic glycosylation of that protein and diabetic control was demonstrated (P < 0.01). In vitro incubation of keratin in the presence of free glucose produced increased non‐enzymatic glycosylation (P < 0.01) and this effect was blocked by incubation in the presence of increasing concentrations of aspirin (P < 0.01). Measurement of non‐enzymatic glycosylation of keratin in a further group of twenty diabetics with neuropathic ulceration showed a significant increase in levels when compared with a group of diabetics without ulcers (P < 0.05). As keratin is the principle structural protein of the stratum corneum of the sole of the foot, it is possible that changes in this protein associated with non‐enzymatic glycosylation may contribute to abnormalities seen in the skin of the feet of diabetics.
Costs of multidisciplinary teams in cancer are small in relation to benefits
Authors: R. Simcock, A. Heaford
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To see evidence that multidisciplinary teams are effective in cancer is a relief, given the effort required to implement them.1 Whether their efficacy derives from surgical specialisation or the addition of members such as oncologists to the team is not clear.

Introducing multidisciplinary teams has come at huge organisational cost, particularly with respect …
Long-Term Treatment with Omeprazole for Refractory Reflux Esophagitis: Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Elly C. Klinkenberg-Knol
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of omeprazole in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease resistant to treatment with histamine-2 (H2)-receptor antagonists. Design: Cohort analytic study with a mean follow-up of 48 months (range, 36 to 64 months). Setting: Patients receiving ambulatory care from referral centers. Patients: 91 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease resistant to treatment with an H2-receptor antagonist but subsequently responsive to 40 mg of omeprazole daily. Intervention: Open maintenance therapy consisting of 20 mg of omeprazole daily in 86 patients and 40 mg daily in 5 patients. Outcome Measures: Endoscopy to assess healing; side effects, laboratory values, fasting serum gastrin level, and gastric corpus biopsies to assess safety. Results: Esophagitis recurred in 47% of the patients receiving 20 mg of omeprazole daily, but all rehealed after the dose was doubled. Seven of 40 patients (18%) had a second relapse after a mean follow-up time of 24 months (range, 9 to 36 months) that was successfully treated with a further 20-mg dose increment for a mean period of 36 months (range, 6 to 39 months). Median gastrin levels increased initially from 60 ng/L before study entry to 162 ng/L (P < 0.01) with treatment and reached a plateau during maintenance treatment. Very high gastrin levels (>500 ng/L) were observed in a subgroup (11%) of patients. The incidence of micronodular hyperplasia increased from 2.5% of the patients at first biopsy to 20% at the last biopsy (P = 0.001), with a corresponding progression of gastritis to subatrophic or atrophic gastritis from less than 1% to 25% (P < 0.001), which was more pronounced in patients with very high serum gastrin levels. Conclusions: Maintenance therapy with omeprazole was effective for at least 5 years in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease resistant to treatment with H2-receptor antagonists. Treatment was accompanied by a persistent increase in serum gastrin levels and an increase of micronodular argyrophil cell hyperplasia and subatrophic or atrophic gastritis.
Teams of home care workers will be recruited to keep people out of hospital, Burnham promises
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A future Labour government would ask NHS hospitals, general practices, and social care services to evolve into single integrated care organisations that coordinate all of people’s care from one place, the shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, has announced.

In a rousing speech at the party’s annual conference in Manchester on Wednesday 24 September, Burnham issued a rallying cry to the party, describing next year’s UK general election as a “battle for the soul of the NHS.”

Burnham said his plan to integrate health and social care in England, first mooted in early 2013,1 would be supported by £2.5bn (€3.2bn; $4.1bn) a year investment from the new “Time to Care Fund,” announced by Labour leader Ed Miliband in his keynote speech to the conference on 23 September.2

If implemented, said Burnham, the new system—informed by the Independent Commission on Whole Person Care3—would replace the “fragmented, privatised, demoralised service” overseen by the coalition government and …
Five emergency procedures that offer little value are listed in US study
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Doctors in the United States have identified five tests used in emergency departments that are of little value to patients and could help to reduce costs if used more rationally.

The authors of the study—from Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, all in Boston—said that the cost of medical care in the US was growing at an unsustainable rate. From 2003 to 2011 the cost of a visit to the emergency department increased by 240% from $560 (£334; €409) …
IL-6–dependent spontaneous proliferation is required for the induction of colitogenic IL-17–producing CD8+ T cells
Authors: Masaki Tajima, Daiko Wakita, Daisuke Noguchi, Kenji Chamoto, Zhang Yue, Kazunori Fugo, Harumichi Ishigame, Yoichiro Iwakura, Hidemitsu Kitamura, Takashi Nishimura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

We propose a novel role for interleukin (IL) 6 in inducing rapid spontaneous proliferation (SP) of naive CD8+ T cells, which is a crucial step in the differentiation of colitogenic CD8+ T cells. Homeostasis of T cells is regulated by two distinct modes of cell proliferation: major histocompatibility complex/antigen–driven rapid SP and IL-7/IL-15–dependent slow homeostatic proliferation. Using our novel model of CD8+ T cell–dependent colitis, we found that SP of naive CD8+ T cells is essential for inducing pathogenic cytokine-producing effector T cells. The rapid SP was predominantly induced in mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) but not in peripheral LNs under the influence of intestinal flora and IL-6. Indeed, this SP was markedly inhibited by treatment with anti–IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (IL-6R mAb) or antibiotic-induced flora depletion, but not by anti–IL-7R mAb and/or in IL-15–deficient conditions. Concomitantly with the inhibition of SP, anti–IL-6R mAb significantly inhibited the induction of CD8+ T cell–dependent autoimmune colitis. Notably, the transfer of naive CD8+ T cells derived from IL-17−/− mice did not induce autoimmune colitis. Thus, we conclude that IL-6 signaling is crucial for SP under lymphopenic conditions, which subsequently caused severe IL-17–producing CD8+ T cell–mediated autoimmune colitis. We suggest that anti–IL-6R mAb may become a promising strategy for the therapy of colitis.
Friction, capacitance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in dry atopic and normal skin
Authors: MARIE LODEN, HAKAN OLSSON, TONY AXELL, YLVA WERNER LINDE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The biophysical properties of non‐eczematous skin at three locations in atopics and non‐atopics were characterized using non‐invasive physical methods. Skin friction was measured with a newly developed sliding friction instrument, the degree of hydration with a capacitance meter (Corneometer CM 820), and the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was determined using an Evaporimeter EP1. The areas examined (dorsum of the hand, volar forearm and lower back) showed lower values of friction and capacitance in the atopic patients than did corresponding sites in the normal controls. In most areas a significant correlation between friction and capacitance was found. The TEWL was increased in atopic skin, but TEWL seems to correlate neither to friction nor to capacitance.
Late complication of undetected odontoid fracture in children.
Authors: M S Alp, H A Crockard
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Perhaps Professor Scadding could comment on the pulmonary prognosis?JGS: I believe that the prognosis is potentially good, and of course he could regain normal lung function.He must, however, have exceptionally active disease: the onset was rapid and we have seen that he had a positive result with the Kveim test despite treatment with prednisolone 60 mg a day, which would usually suppress the formation of granulomas.His ethnic origin also militates against as good a prognosis; I would like to know whether the ethnic origin was stated in the study of thrombocytopenia in sarcoidosis.TMC: The ethnic origin was not stated in that study.AJR: You rightly say that there were no platelets present in peripheral blood, but you showed a trephine biopsy specimen of bone marrow in which there were platelets present.Why did you not look for the presence of platelet associated IgG at that site?TMC: The bone marrow showed plenty of megakaryocytes rather than platelets.In fact, the site of formation ofplatelets from megakaryocytes is disputed, and there is evidence that they may bud off from the megakaryocyte extramedullary site.It would of course have been most interesting to carry out the immunofluoresence studies on the marrow aspirate to see whether the megakaryocytes express the epitopes that were recognised by the platelet associated IgG.
Role of Plasminogen-Activator Inhibitor Type 1 in the Pathogenesis and Outcome of the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Jerry M. Bergstein, Mark Riley, Nils U. Bang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Deposition of fibrin in glomeruli and renal failure are characteristic features of the hemolytic uremic syndrome. An inhibitor of glomerular fibrinolysis has been detected in plasma from children with this disorder. In this study, we define the inhibitor and show that its plasma level is correlated with the outcome of the disease.
Crohn's disease: Th1, Th17 or both? The change of a paradigm: new immunological and genetic insights implicate Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease
Authors: S. Brand
Journal: Gut (2009)

Traditionally, Crohn’s disease has been associated with a Th1 cytokine profile, while Th2 cytokines are modulators of ulcerative colitis. This concept has been challenged by the description of tolerising regulatory T cells (Treg) and by proinflammatory Th17 cells, a novel T cell population characterised by the master transcription factor RORγt, the surface markers IL23R and CCR6, and by production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL17A, IL17F, IL21, IL22 and IL26, and the chemokine CCL20. Th17 cells differentiate under the influence of IL1β, IL6, IL21 and IL23. Recent studies indicate that TGFβ is essential not only for the development of murine Th17 cells but also for differentiation of human Th17 cells. TGFβ reciprocally regulates the differentiation of inflammatory Th17 cells and suppressive Treg subsets, with the concomitant presence of proinflammatory cytokines favouring Th17 cell differentiation. Several studies demonstrated an important role of Th17 cells in intestinal inflammation, particularly in Crohn’s disease. Genome-wide association studies indicate that <i>IL23R</i> and five additional genes involved in Th17 differentiation (<i>IL12B</i>, <i>JAK2</i>, <i>STAT3</i>, <i>CCR6</i> and <i>TNFSF15</i>) are associated with susceptibility to Crohn’s disease and partly also to ulcerative colitis. Taken together, both Th1 and Th17 cells are important mediators of inflammation in Crohn’s disease, although activities previously ascribed to IL12 may be mediated by IL23. Anti-IL12/IL23p40 antibody therapy, which targets both Th1 and Th17 cells, is effective in Crohn’s disease. However, the complex relationship between Th1 and Th17 cells has not been completely analysed. This will be of great importance to delineate the specific contributions of these cells to Crohn’s disease and other autoimmune diseases.
Design Issues in Small-Area Studies of Environment and Health
Authors: Paul Elliott, David A. Savitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Small-area studies are part of the tradition of spatial epidemiology, which is concerned with the analysis of geographic patterns of disease with respect to environmental, demographic, socioeconomic, and other factors. We focus on etiologic research, where the aim is to make inferences about spatially varying environmental factors influencing the risk of disease.We illustrate the approach through three exemplars: a) magnetic fields from overhead electric power lines and the occurrence of childhood leukemia, which illustrates the use of geographic information systems to focus on areas with high exposure prevalence; b) drinking-water disinfection by-products and reproductive outcomes, taking advantage of large between- to within-area variability in exposures from the water supply; and c) chronic exposure to air pollutants and cardiorespiratory health, where issues of socioeconomic confounding are particularly important.The small-area epidemiologic approach assigns exposure estimates to individuals based on location of residence or other geographic variables such as workplace or school. In this way, large populations can be studied, increasing the ability to investigate rare exposures or rare diseases. The approach is most effective when there is well-defined exposure variation across geographic units, limited within-area variation, and good control for potential confounding across areas.In conjunction with traditional individual-based approaches, small-area studies offer a valuable addition to the armamentarium of the environmental epidemiologist. Modeling of exposure patterns coupled with collection of individual-level data on subsamples of the population should lead to improved risk estimates (i.e., less potential for bias) and help strengthen etiologic inference.
Netter's Internal Medicine
Authors: William C. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Older boys benefit from higher initial prednisolone therapy for nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Masahiro Hiraoka, Hirokazu Tsukahara, Shinichi Haruki, Shuhei Hayashi, Nobuaki Takeda, Kazuhiko Miyagawa, Kenji Okuhara, Fumihiko Suehiro, Yusei Ohshima, Mitsufumi Mayumi
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Low-Dose Sodium Iodide I 131 Therapy in Graves Disease
Authors: Basil Rapoport
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To avoid sodium iodide I 131-induced hypothyroidism, Graves disease patients were treated with sodium iodide I 131 supplemented with antithyroid drugs (ATD) as needed, and evaluations were done at one year and thereafter. Eighty-five patients were followed up for 12 to 60 months. At one year after initial therapy, 46 patients (54.1%) were hyperthyroid on withdrawal of ATD, 33 (38.8%) were euthyroid, and 6 (7.1%) were permanently hypothyroid. Of the 46 patients still hyperthyroid after one year, 32 (37.6%) remained hyperthyroid a mean time of 23 months after initial therapy. Fifteen of the latter received a second dose, and two, a third. The large number of patients still experiencing toxic reactions one year after therapy makes low-dose regimens no more advantageous than ATD alone. Permanent hypothyroidism is not avoided. "Low-dose" sodium iodide I 131, as administered in this protocol, is unsatisfactory.
Gallium-67 and Indium-111-antimyosin scintigraphy in rheumatic fever: Is rheumatic myocarditis more of an infiltrative than a degenerative myocardial disorder?
Authors: J.U.M. Calegaro, E.R.S. Campos, M. Medeiros, E.F. Gomes, H Miziara, A Malhotra, R.S. Vasan, K.S. Reddy, R Tandon, B.A. Khaw, Jagat Narula
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Severe Gastrointestinal Distension During Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen Anesthesia
Authors: Francis F. Foldes
Journal: JAMA (1965)

DURING the administration of nitrous oxide and oxygen mixture as an anesthetic the pressure and/or volume of gases contained in various body cavities or hollow organs may become markedly increased.<sup>1-3</sup>This increase in volume or pressure or both may interfere with various physiological mechanisms (eg, respiration and circulation in the presence of pneumothorax<sup>1</sup>) and may cause excessive increase in the intraventricular pressure during pneumoencephalography.<sup>2</sup> The following report describes the rapid development of alarming distension of the whole gastrointestinal tract during the administration of a nitrous oxide and oxygen mixture in a patient who had moderate abdominal distension preoperatively. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 34-year-old white married woman was admitted to the hospital for repair of a chronic ulcer of the lower part of the left leg. Twenty-seven months before admission the patient fell down a flight of stairs and sustained compound fractures of the distal lower left