tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The independent associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Rute Santos, Jorge Mota, Anthony David Okely, Michael Pratt, Carla Moreira, Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva, Susana Vale, Luis B Sardinha
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background During childhood and adolescence, both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour seem to influence cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); however, the combined association of PA and sedentary behaviour remains to be understood. We analysed the combined association of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) on CRF in Portuguese children and adolescents. Methods The sample comprised 2506 Portuguese healthy children and adolescents aged 10–18 years, from a cross-sectional school-based study (2008). PA and sedentary behaviour were assessed with accelerometry. Participants were classified as meeting current PA guidelines for youth versus not meeting, and as low versus high sedentary (according to the median value of sedentary time/day by age and gender), and then grouped as follows: Low active—high sedentary; low active—low sedentary; high active—high sedentary; high active—low sedentary. CRF was assessed with the FITNESSGRAM 20 m shuttle-run test. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to verify the relationship between high CRF and the combined influence of MVPA/sedentary behaviour, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and accelerometer wear time. Results Participants classified as high active/low sedentary (OR=1.81; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.69), as well as those classified as low active/low sedentary (OR=1.27; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.61) were more likely to be fit, compared with those from the low-active/high-sedentary group. Conclusion MVPA and sedentary behaviour may act independently in their relation with CRF, and that MVPA levels may not overcome the deleterious influence of high-sedentary time in maximising CRF.
Trends in Surgery and Chemotherapy for Women Diagnosed With Ovarian Cancer in the United States
Authors: Linda C. Harlan, Limin X. Clegg, Edward L. Trimble
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: We examined patterns of care in a population-based sample of 601 ovarian cancer patients diagnosed in 1991, and a sample of 566 women was selected in 1996 to examine trends in care. Patients and Methods: Patient cases were sampled from within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Medical records were reabstracted, and treatment data were verified with the treating physician. Results: Across these two time periods, the percentage of women with presumptive stage I, II, and IV disease who received lymph node dissection increased. However, a significant number still were not precisely staged. More than 65% of women with ovarian cancer were given cyclophosphamide in 1991 compared with about 14% in 1996. Paclitaxel increased from 1% to 62% during that time. After adjusting for age, race or ethnicity, registry, income, insurance status, Charlson score, residency training program, and marital status, women with early-stage disease were significantly more often given National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference guideline therapy in 1996 than in 1991. However, for women with stage III and IV disease, the use of guideline therapy did not significantly increase. Older women and minorities consistently received less guideline therapy, and the lack of private insurance was an impediment for both Hispanic and non-Hispanic black women. Conclusion: Despite guidelines presented by several organizations, significant numbers of women with ovarian cancer are not being provided with appropriate care. This is particularly true for older and minority women, especially those without private insurance. Educational strategies must be devised to increase the number of women receiving guideline therapy and decrease disparities across population groups.
EXPERIMENTAL GRANULOPENIA, DUE TO BACTERIAL TOXINS ELABORATED IN VIVO
Authors: Emery Westervelt Dennis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

Pyogenic organisms, under conditions simulating a focal infection, are capable of producing in rabbits a granulopenia which may allow generalized infection and death. It is suggested that agranulocytosis in man is due to the action of leucocidin, rather than to a specific microorganism.
Advances Aim to Ease Stem Cell Concerns
Authors: B. M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health System Reform: Will Controlling Cost Require Rationing Services?
Authors: D M Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Eddy<sup>1</sup>blames "30% of the unacceptable increase [in medical prices to] medical price inflation in excess of general price inflation." Many physicians, like me, have a hard time believing this. I have received no increase in payment for a unit of work from the Blues in my 6½ years in practice here, have seen cuts in reimbursements and copayments in Medicare payments, and have seen minimal, if any, increase in health maintenance organization (HMO) and preferred provider organization (PPO) payments. Only charges to our private-pay patients have increased, and if the patient doesn't have insurance, frequently I don't get paid. My charge to private-pay patients has increased by a compound annual rate of 4.5% per year, but many of my insured patients have switched or have been switched to lower-paying HMOs or PPOs. The net result of all this discounting is that my average payment
1079-86 The introduction of drug-eluting stents causes a shift from coronary artery bypass graft towards percutaneous coronary intervention: One-year outcome of a single-center experience of 2,200 consecutive procedures
Authors: Ron T Van Domburg, Tommy K Liu, Pedro A Lemos, Johanna J Takkenberg, Lex A van Herwerden, Peter C Smits, Angeliek Venema, Patrick W Serruys, Ad J Bogers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Junctional adhesion molecule-A, JAM-A, is a novel cell-surface marker for long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Yasuyoshi Sugano, Masaki Takeuchi, Ayami Hirata, Hirokazu Matsushita, Toshio Kitamura, Minoru Tanaka, Atsushi Miyajima
Journal: Blood (2007)
Viral Infection of the Myocardium in Endocardial Fibroelastosis
Authors: Jiyuan Ni, Neil E. Bowles, Young-Hwue Kim, Gail Demmler, Debra Kearney, J. Timothy Bricker, Jeffrey A. Towbin
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Endocardial fibroelastosis, previously a common disease of children, often resulted in congestive heart failure and death. Virus-induced myocarditis was the suspected first step in the pathogenesis of the disease, with enteroviruses and mumps virus considered potential causes. Direct evidence for their involvement was limited, however, and during the past two decades, a significant decline in the incidence of endocardial fibroelastosis occurred. Recently, we demonstrated polymerase chain reaction to be a rapid and sensitive method for identification of the viral genome in the myocardium of patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study was to analyze myocardial samples of patients with endocardial fibroelastosis for the viral genome. Methods and Results Myocardial samples from 29 patients with autopsy-proven endocardial fibroelastosis were analyzed for viral genome (enterovirus, adenovirus, mumps, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus, influenza, herpes simplex virus) by use of polymerase chain reaction or reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. In 90% of samples, the viral genome was amplified; &gt;70% of the samples were positive for mumps viral RNA, while 28% amplified adenovirus. In contrast, only 1 of 65 control samples amplified a virus (enterovirus). Two regions of mumps virus were amplified: the nucleocapsid gene and the polymerase-associated protein gene. Interestingly, only 3 of the 21 samples that were positive for mumps RNA were positive with both sets of primers, indicating that the persistence of mumps virus in the myocardium may be related to the selection of defective virus mutants. Conclusions These data suggest an etiologic role for viral infection in endocardial fibroelastosis, supporting the hypothesis that endocardial fibroelastosis is a sequela of a viral myocarditis, in particular of that due to mumps virus.
A Shared Statement of Ethical Principles for Those Who Shape and Give Health Care: A Working Draft from the Tavistock Group
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Health care delivery in many countries has expanded over the past 150 years from a largely social service delivered by individual practitioners to an intricate network of services provided by teams of professionals. The problems of increasing resource consumption, financial constraints, complexity, and poor system design that have emerged as consequences of these changes have exacerbated many of the ethical tensions inherent in health care and have created new ones. Many groups of professionals that give and affect health care have established separate codes of ethics for their own disciplines, but no shared code exists that might bring all stakeholders in health care into a more consistent moral framework. A multidisciplinary group therefore recently met at Tavistock Square in London in an effort to prepare such a shared code. The result was not a code but a more basic and generic statement of ethical principles. The intent and hope is that it will offer clear guidance for tough calls in real world settings. It is presented here not as a finished work, but as a draft to elicit comment, critique, suggestions for revision, and, especially, ideas for implementation.
Megakaryoblastic transformation of polycythemia vera associated with hypercalcemia
Authors: K. F. Wong, J. K. C. Chan, S. K. Ma, Y. C. Chu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Leukemic transformation is not uncommon in polycythemia vera, particularly after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. The leukemias that supervene are mostly of myeloid type but megakaryoblastic transformation is distinctly uncommon. We report a case of polycythemia vera terminating in megakaryoblastic leukemia with associated hypercalcemia.
But what if the default is defaulting?
Authors: Ran R. Hassin, Maxim Milyavsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

We critically consider the default view of consciousness and decision making, and we explore the implications of this view to the authors' argument. We therefore call for rigorous collection of data regarding the role of consciousness in decisions. We also propose that the section on subliminal effects significantly underestimates existing data and succinctly review relevant findings.
Long term effects of cryosurgery on cutaneous sensation.
Authors: T S Sonnex, R L Jones, A G Weddell, R P Dawber
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In a study of the time course and nature of the sensory loss after cryosurgery the forearms of nine normal subjects were treated with liquid nitrogen using freeze times currently employed in clinical practice in Britain. Ability to appreciate touch, pinprick, and cold in the treated areas was tested at regular intervals and biopsy samples taken to investigate the pathogenesis. Appreciation of all three modalities of sensation was initially reduced in all nine subjects for all freeze times, yet complete recovery occurred in the seven patients completing follow up. This recovery, however, took up to one and a half years for the longest freeze, with even a 10 second freeze taking up to 10 months. Patients may be reassured that sensory loss after cryosurgery for up to two periods of 30 seconds will almost certainly recover, though it may take up to 18 months to do so.
Heparin in the Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: A. J. Handley, P. A. Emerson, P. R. Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A trial of continuous intravenous heparin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis was undertaken in 48 patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction. Of the 24 control patients who did not receive heparin seven (29%) developed calf vein thrombosis as detected by the radioactive fibrinogen technique. None of the 24 heparinized patients had any evidence of venous thrombosis. This difference is significant at the 1% level.
Quality of Care
Authors: Mark R. Chassin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Many physicians think about quality of care the way Justice Stewart characterized his ability to recognize pornography: I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description [hardcore pornography]; and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it....<sup>1</sup> A growing armamentarium of new quality assessment tools renders this proposition dangerously obsolete. Their application has resulted in a growing body of literature that documents significant quality problems in American medicine. Quality problems come in three varieties: overuse, underuse, and misuse. Overuse is the provision of health services when their risks outweigh their benefits; underuse is the failure to provide health services when their benefits exceed their risks; and misuse occurs when an appropriate health service has been selected but is then poorly provided, so
Early Diagnosis, Key to Control of Aspergillosis After Kidney Transplantation.
Authors: John R. Burton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Early Diagnosis, Key to Control of Aspergillosis After Kidney Transplantation.John R. Burton, M.D., S. Sterioff, M.D., J. B. Zachary, M.D., G. M. Williams, M.D., J. R. Wright, M.D., R. E. Slavin, M.D., W. B. Greenough III, M.D., Howard K. Rathbun, M.D.John R. Burton, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, S. Sterioff, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. B. Zachary, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. M. Williams, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. R. Wright, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. E. Slavin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. B. Greenough III, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Howard K. Rathbun, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-828_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDisseminated aspergillosis has killed many patients who were being treated with immunosuppressive agents after organ transplantation. Few cases were recognized in patients before death, and those that were discovered were in terminally ill patients, and therapy was ineffective.Four patients infected withAspergillus fumigatusafter renal homotransplantation are described. All infections were controlled successfully with amphotericin B. Immune suppression was continued and rejection crises treated with high doses of corticoids without extension of the fungal disease. Three of the patients required open lung biopsy to establish the diagnosis and stimulate accurate and prompt therapy. One patient was treated without biopsy... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFungal infection in acute leukemia 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 828-828KeywordsAspergillosisBiopsyFungal diseasesHomotransplantationImmune suppressionImmunosuppressivesInfectious disease controlLungsOrgan transplantationRenal transplantation Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Volume-pressure analysis of reflex changes in forearm venous function. A method by mental arithmetic stress and radionuclide plethysmography.
Authors: V J Robinson, D E Manyari, J V Tyberg, G H Fick, E R Smith
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Mental arithmetic stress is known to cause forearm arterial dilation, but the venous responses, including possible changes in the volume-pressure relation, have not been defined. Hence, 10 apparently normal subjects, eight men and two women, mean age 46 +/- 9 years, were studied before and during mental arithmetic stress. Changes in forearm venous volume were estimated with 99mTc blood pool scintigraphy. Group variability of this measurement technique was 1.8 +/- 2.3%. A brachial blood pressure cuff was used to obtain venous occluding pressures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mm Hg. Mental arithmetic stress increased group systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 126 +/- 12 to 152 +/- 20 mm Hg and from 83 +/- 8 to 93 +/- 15 mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.001). Heart rate increased from a mean of 75 +/- 15 to 85 +/- 17 beats/min (p less than 0.01). There was no evidence of interaction between or nonlinearity of the volume-pressure plots. Linear regression then yielded the equations V = 99.8 + 0.96P before and V = 86.3 + 0.96P during mental arithmetic stress, which represents a 13.5 +/- 1.6% decrease in forearm vascular volume (p less than 0.001). We conclude that 1) a linear relation exists between forearm venous volume and pressure at physiologic pressures before and during mental arithmetic stress; 2) mental arithmetic stress causes forearm venoconstriction; and 3) such venoconstriction takes place by a parallel shift in the volume-pressure relation (i.e., a shift in unstressed venous volume).
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Its Tissue Inhibitor in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Xiao-Ping Xu, Simcha R. Meisel, John M. Ong, Sanjay Kaul, Bojan Cercek, Tripathi B. Rajavashisth, Behrooz Sharifi, Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Macrophages in human atherosclerotic plaques produce a family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which may influence vascular remodeling and plaque disruption. Because oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is implicated in many proatherogenic events, we hypothesized that ox-LDL would regulate expression of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in monocyte-derived macrophages. Methods and Results —Mononuclear cells were isolated from normal human subjects with Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation, and adherent cells were allowed to differentiate into macrophages during 7 days of culture in plastic dishes. On day 7, by use of serum-free medium, the macrophages were incubated with various concentrations of native LDL (n-LDL) and copper-oxidized LDL. Exposure to ox-LDL (10 to 50 μg/mL) increased MMP-9 mRNA expression as analyzed by Northern blot, protein expression as measured by ELISA and Western blot, and gelatinolytic activity as determined by zymography. The increase in MMP-9 expression was associated with increased nuclear binding of transcription factor NF-κB and AP-1 complex on electromobility shift assay. In contrast, ox-LDL (10 to 50 μg/mL) decreased TIMP-1 expression. Ox-LDL–induced increase in MMP-9 expression was abrogated by HDL (100 μg/mL). n-LDL had no significant effect on MMP-9 or TIMP-1 expression. Conclusions —These data demonstrate that unlike n-LDL, ox-LDL upregulates MMP-9 expression while reducing TIMP-1 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages. Furthermore, HDL abrogates ox-LDL–induced MMP-9 expression. Thus, ox-LDL may contribute to macrophage-mediated matrix breakdown in the atherosclerotic plaques, thereby predisposing them to plaque disruption and/or vascular remodeling.
Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Endostatin in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Compared to a Control Group
Authors: Luigi Schips, Orietta Dalpiaz, Katja Lipsky, Cord Langner, Peter Rehak, Peter Puerstner, Karl Pummer, Richard Zigeuner
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Eosinophils Respond to Acidic Environments with cAMP Production, Decreased Apoptosis, and a Decrease in the Expression of Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 Family Members
Authors: L.C. Kottyan, M.H. Hedgebeth, K.A. Niese, K.H. Cao, D.A. Hildeman, M.H. Montrose, M.E. Rothenberg, N. Zimmermann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
ROLE OF ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS IN TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER
Authors: J. M. Ruffin
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The anticholinergic drugs are compounds that have been introduced recently into clinical medicine. As with other new agents that have been employed in the past in the treatment of peptic ulcer, the initial reports of the value of these drugs were glowing with enthusiasm. It was stated that one of these compounds, methantheline (Banthine), was so effective as the sole treatment of ulcer that conventional medical management was no longer necessary, that recurrences could be prevented, and that the need for surgery was obviated. 1 Many of these studies, however, were not controlled, and it is difficult to determine whether the beneficial effects attributed to the drug were actually produced by it. Recent investigations, more critically conducted, have failed to confirm some of the original observations, and, as a result, considerable confusion exists in the profession as to the exact value of these agents. The purpose of this paper is
Rates of triplet pregnancies in Western Australia may be beginning to fall
Authors: L. Watson, F. Stanley, B. Petterson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

White also states that, from a new analysis of a limited number of studies, he has established that the minimum all cause mortality for men occurs at a consumption below 21 units a week, with the implication that this might invalidate the government's new sensible drinking levels.The analysis of data carried out in Sensible Drinkingwhich does not, as White suggests, take a dispro- portionate account of any particular studies- examined all the studies that are referenced.This analysis, which incorporated White's own statis- tical advice, found that it was difficult to arrive at a categorical absolute point at which the minimum all cause mortality occurred on the basis of mathematical analysis of all the studies.Because of the relatively shallow base of the J shaped curve for all cause mortality, however, the report was able to conclude "that for men of all ages there is a band of minimal mortality associ- ated with a weekly consumption between about 7 and 28 units a week."White's new point of mini- mum all cause mortality falls within this band and does not affect the report's recommenda- tions.Thus the report tried to reflect a range of similar all cause mortalities in defining the new daily benchmarks rather than a categorical weekly amount: a range of consumption with similar risk seems more accurately to reflect the scientific facts.Although the new daily benchmarks have been perceived by some people as an "effective increase in sensible drinking levels," others have noted that if drinkers in Britain complied with them then many individuals would probably reduce their overall weekly consumption.3