tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Degenerative arthritis in mice. Study of age and sex frequency in various strains with a genetic study of NZB/B1, NZY/B1, and hybrid mice.
Authors: R D Wigley, K G Couchman, R Maule, B R Reay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Of a number of strains of mice studied for evidence of autoimmunity, NZY/B1 mice showed the highest frequency of degenerative arthritis of the knee, reaching a maximum of 68% at 18 months. 50% PN mice were affected at 24 months. Both breeds differed from previously described strains in not showing a sex difference. The NZB/B1 mice were rarely affected and hybrids to the NZY and the backcross to the NZB showed a recessive pattern of inheritance for knee arthritis and an additive pattern for carpal arthritis. Polygenic inheritance was postulated as at least three genes would be necessary to explain the findings. Joint disease was not related to red cell and nuclear antibodies, glomerulitis, or arteritis.
A CASE OF ACTINOMYCOSIS OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL: PRODUCED BY AN INFECTED FOREIGN BODY WHICH HAD ESCAPED FROM THE INTESTINE
Authors: A. Cuff
Journal: BMJ (1906)

CASE I (aged 47).April 5th: Ulcer on left leg 3i X 2-in.Placed on calcium chloride;* 15 grams three times a day.April 10th: Ulcer diminished all round.A band of skin has grown across the centre, dividing the original ulcers into two smaller ones i in.and 1 in.long respectively.April 17th: These two ulcers reduced to §, in.and i in.long.
γδ T Cells Enhance Autoimmunity by Restraining Regulatory T Cell Responses via an Interleukin-23-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Franziska Petermann, Veit Rothhammer, Malte C. Claussen, Jan D. Haas, Lorena Riol Blanco, Sylvia Heink, Immo Prinz, Bernhard Hemmer, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Mohamed Oukka, Thomas Korn
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Mapping the Energy of Superantigen <i>Staphylococcus</i> Enterotoxin C3 Recognition of an α/β T Cell Receptor Using Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis
Authors: Hywyn R.O. Churchill, Peter S. Andersen, Evan A. Parke, Roy A. Mariuzza, David M. Kranz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to a bacterial superantigen (SAG) results in stimulation of a large population of T cells and subsequent inflammatory reactions. To define the functional contribution of TCR residues to SAG recognition, binding by 24 single-site alanine substitutions in the TCR Vbeta domain to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (SE) C3 was measured, producing an energy map of the TCR-SAG interaction. The results showed that complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) of the Vbeta contributed the majority of binding energy, whereas hypervariable region 4 (HV4) and framework region 3 (FR3) contributed a minimal amount of energy. The crystal structure of the Vbeta8.2-SEC3 complex suggests that the CDR2 mutations act by disrupting Vbeta main chain interactions with SEC3, perhaps by affecting the conformation of CDR2. The finding that single Vbeta side chain substitutions had significant effects on binding and that other SEC3-reactive Vbeta are diverse at these same positions indicates that SEC3 binds to other TCRs through compensatory mechanisms. Thus, there appears to be strong selective pressure on SAGs to maintain binding to diverse T cells.
Genetic analysis of children of atomic bomb survivors.
Authors: C Satoh, N Takahashi, J Asakawa, M Kodaira, R Kuick, S M Hanash, J V Neel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Studies are under way for the detection of potential genetic effects of atomic bomb radiation at the DNA level in the children of survivors. In a pilot study, we have examined six minisatellites and five microsatellites in DNA derived from 100 families including 124 children. We detected a total of 28 mutations in three minisatellite loci. The mean mutation rates per locus per gamete in the six minisatellite loci were 1.5% for 65 exposed gametes for which mean parental gonadal dose was 1.9 Sv and 2.0% for 183 unexposed gametes. We detected four mutations in two tetranucleotide repeat sequences but no mutations in three trinucleotide repeat sequences. The mean mutation rate per locus per gamete was o% for the exposed gametes and 0.5% for the unexposed gametes in the five microsatellite loci. No significant differences in the mutation rates between the exposed and the unexposed gametes were detected in these repetitive sequences. Additional loci are being analyzed to increase the power of our study to observe a significant difference in the mutation rates at the 0.05 level of significance.
A reproductive hazards research agenda for the 1990s. Research Needs Working Group.
Authors: M Marcus, E Silbergeld, D Mattison
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

There is substantial scientific and public concern about the potential effects of occupational and environmental toxicants on reproductive health. These effects include impaired functioning of the reproductive systems of men and women as well as a broad spectrum of developmental problems expressed in offspring. Research on reproduction and development is among the most complex undertakings in biomedical research. This complexity is due in part to the intricate biology of reproduction, the multiple targets involved (male, female, and offspring), the uncertainties in extrapolating from animal models to humans, and the problems involved in accurately characterizing exposures and outcomes in epidemiologic investigations. However, given the relatively brief history of research into toxicant-induced reproductive health effects, we have made enormous strides in our knowledge over the past decade. In particular, recent advances in reproductive biology and biotechnology and in the development of biological markers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility are greatly enhancing our ability to study cause-effect relationships. In this paper, the Research Needs Working Group proposes ways to apply existing knowledge to better protect reproductive health and suggests directions for future research. Fulfilling this challenging agenda will require responsible cooperation by labor, industry, government, individual citizens, and the scientific community. Further research and collaboration are essential to both prevent adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes and to formulate a sound scientific basis for policy making.
Abstract 694: Cyclosporin-modulated intensified dosage chemotherapy well-tolerated for saving eyes with intraocular retinoblastoma
Authors: Helen S.L Chan, Elise Héon, Helen Dimaras, Brenda L. Gallie
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract PURPOSE: Cyclosporin inhibits the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. Since 2000, we tested increased carboplatin and increased etoposide dosages in a cyclosporin-modulated carboplatin-etoposide-vincristine protocol, followed by focal laser/cryotherapy consolidation, to avoid elective radiation of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma (RB) patients, since radiation increases the secondary cancer risk in patients with heritable RB. We report the results for International Classification Groups A, B, C and D eyes. METHOD: Since Neupogen support became available, we increased the mainly myelotoxic carboplatin to 28 mg/kg (from 18.7 mg/kg in a previous trial) and etoposide to 12 mg/kg (from 7.7 mg/kg in a previous trial), but kept the mainly neurotoxic vincristine unchanged at 0.05 mg/kg, modulated by the same cyclosporin schedule (33 mg/kg over 3 hours on each of the 2 days per cycle). We treated 35 eyes in 23 patients: 2 A eyes, 8 B eyes, 8 C eyes and 17 D eyes. Radiation or enucleation for recurrence was considered failure. RESULTS: We report the long-term results at median followup of 8.1 years (range 1.7-10.5 years). Eye event-free rates were 100% for both Groups A and B eyes, and 50% for Group C (4/8) and 47% for Group D (8/17) eyes. Four C eyes failed and all had enucleation only. Nine D eyes failed and 6 were enucleated and 3 radiated. No child lost both eyes. Toxicity rates were acceptable with 15.7% fever-and-neutropenia, 0.7% bacterial sepsis, 9.7% blood transfusion and 27.6% platelet transfusion, and no long-term renotoxicity or ototoxicity. CONCLUSION: This protocol was well well-tolerated, with no child losing both eyes, and most avoiding radiation. The same protocol is being tested in a multicenter trial. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 694. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-694
HIV-1 and the aetiology of AIDS
Authors: M.T. Schechter, K.J. Craib, J.S.G. Montaner, T.N. Le, M.V. O'Shaughnessy, K.A. Gelmon, M.T. Schechter, K.A. Gelmon, J.S.G. Montaner
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
Scottish NHS comes under strain as budget heads for 1% cut over two years
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Patients in Scotland have been warned that longer waiting times for treatment may be on the way, as the health service struggles with increasing demand and declining budgets.

In its annual review of the NHS for 2013-14, Audit Scotland paints a picture of a service under pressure as it strives to achieve more with dwindling resources.1 The Scottish …
A ganglioside antigen on the rat pancreatic B cell surface identified by monoclonal antibody R2D6.
Authors: R Alejandro, F L Shienvold, S A Hajek, M Pierce, R Paul, D H Mintz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

In an attempt to identify B cell specific antigens, we have generated a mouse monoclonal antibody, R2D6, which is directed against plasma membranes of rat pancreatic B cells but against no other pancreatic cells. R2D6 crossreacted with mouse and guinea pig B cells, but not with human or dog. The B cell specificity of R2D6 was utilized in fluorescence-activated cell sorting to prepare highly enriched separate populations of viable pancreatic islet B cells and A cells. R2D6 also recognized adrenal chromaffin cells, secretory cells in the anterior pituitary, and the myenteric plexus of the gastrointestinal tract. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, ficin, and pronase had no effect on R2D6-binding to dissociated rat islet cells. However, neuraminidase treatment of intact cells reduced R2D6-binding by 75%. The antigen recognized by R2D6, Ag(R2D6), could be quantitatively extracted from rat islets by dichloromethane/methanol (2:1) and, after drying, was soluble in methanol alone as well as in phosphate-buffered saline. When the dichloromethane/methanol extract (DME) was bound to polyvinylchloride microtiter plates, antigenic activity was retained and remained insensitive to pronase. In this solvent-extracted form, antigenic activity was totally destroyed by neuraminidase. Therefore, sialic acid is either an integral part of, or is related sterically to the binding site (epitope) for R2D6. In high performance thin-layer chromatographs of the DME, developed in 60:40:9 chloroform/methanol/2.5 N ammonia, Ag(R2D6) migrated with a relative mobility (Rf) of 0.54 +/- 0.07 (n = 3), which was a position nearly coincident with the purified brain ganglioside, GD1a. The antigen bound to DEAE-Sephacel, was not inactivated by mild treatment with base (which hydrolyzes phospholipids) and eluted in ganglioside fractions upon C18 Sep-Pak and upon silicic acid chromatography. Hence, the solubility characteristics, enzyme sensitivities, and behavior of Ag(R2D6) in four chromatography systems are consistent with its identification as a ganglioside.
Traumatic Rupture of the Pectoralis Major
Authors: A. G. Butters
Journal: BMJ (1941)

OS CALCIS IB1aSH,At the present time many fractures of the os calcis must be treated without proper equipment, and for this reason, too, a simple operation will be 'described which successfully reduced a fracture we had failed to reduce by skeletal traction.The equipment needed is minimal, and the ease and the simplicity make it suitable for use by persons with no special surgical skill.
High costs of medical insurance
Authors: A. Bolitho-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1986)

any drug, even if marketed for many years, should be reported: its motto is "when in doubt report."5We have done this.It is for others to decide its importance.We, however, still find the association of such a rare disorder with a drug used much less commonly than aspirin or multivitamin preparations a cause for concern and further vigilance, especially as three cases have been reported from Edinburgh alone.It is notable that other authors have also found this association worthy of comment.
China is nearly ready to produce vaccines for developing world
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Chinese drug industry is on the verge of getting the green light to manufacture the Japanese encephalitis vaccine for the developing world, an event that will signal the emergence of a major new player in global vaccines.

Seth Berkley, chief executive of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI), said that by the beginning of next year Chinese drug firms will be ready for World Health Organization representatives to carry out pre-qualification inspections of production of the vaccine. Once those inspections are carried out, United Nations agencies and other non-governmental organisations will be able to purchase the vaccine for countries that do not have their own regulatory systems.

Berkley was speaking to …
One Step Closer to an Ebola Virus Vaccine
Authors: Daniel G Bausch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Despite the slowing and eventual halting of the spread of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa,1,2 the battle for preventing and managing future outbreaks is still on. This is no time to be complacent. The scale of the outbreak, in which every few days during the early part of the outbreak about the same number of cases accrued as occurred during the entire 3-month outbreak in Gulu, Uganda, in 2000–2001 — previously the largest outbreak on record — prompted us to pull out all the stops, albeit after a slow start.3 Vaccines are a key weapon in our . . .
Novel non-carbohydrate O-GlcNAcase inhibitors with CNS drug properties as potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and tauopathies
Authors: Heike Hering, Danielle Graham, Solenne Ousson, Maud Neny, Audrey Gray, Brandy Giacomozzi, John Joyce, Vikram Dutt, Michael Busch, Andrew Cameron, Leslie Liu-Bujalski, Henry Yu, Hui Tian, Mark Shearman, Anna Quattropani, Bruno Permanne, Christoph Wiessner, Dirk Beher
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Novel non-carbohydrate O-GlcNAcase inhibitors with CNS drug properties as potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and tauopathies Heike Hering, Danielle Graham, Solenne Ousson, Maud Neny, Audrey Gray, Brandy Giacomozzi, John Joyce, Vikram Dutt, Michael Busch, Andrew Cameron, Leslie Liu-Bujalski, Henry Yu, Hui Tian, Mark Shearman, Anna Quattropani, Bruno Permanne, Christoph Wiessner, Dirk Beher
THE DIAGNOSIS OF DOUBTFUL CASES OF SCARLET FEVER
Authors: W. A. Brown, V. D. Allison
Journal: BMJ (1935)

weeks or a month.The growth is then resected, and the divided end of the sigmoid is sutured to that of the rectum.If the rectil resection is not too low suturing in the narrow space available is possible, though difficult.However, since the bowel is functionless and fairly clean, so long as the cut edges are correctly apposed, very accurate suturing is not essential, but adequate drainage in such a loosely sutured anastomosis is essential.In the other method, a three-stage operation (Fig. 7), the anastomosis is not made at once after resection, as in the first method, but the severed rectum is sutured, the peritoneum is closed over it, and the divided end of the sigmoid is implanted in the wound.Six months later, when the rectal stump is firmly covered with peritoneum, when the distal colon and the rectum are almost free from infection, and when the patient, free from the toxic effects of the cancer, is greatly improved in general health, the sigmoid is connected to the rectum by making, in the following way, a " telescopic'" anastomosis (Fig. 8) in which no sutures are used.The distal colon is mobilized and drawn through an opening which is made in the stump of the now perito- neum-covered rectum; it is then fixed in this position.The closed rectal cavity is now laid widely open by cutting this sphincter.When the sphincter is cut there is very little difference in principle between drawing the bowel end through the peritoneum-covered abdominal wall on to its surface, in order to make an artificial anus, and draw- ing it through the peritoneum-covered rectum into a rectal space, which is wide open externally.By the time the recto-sigmoid junction is complete the sphincter has healed; in order to make the patient again continent it only remains to reconnect the colonic segments.Closure of the Disconnecting Anus.-Using the entero- tome which I have specially designed, I clamp the spur for forty-eight hours, and th&n cut it through by further pressure (Fig. 9).The subsequent closure of the dis- connecting anus is very simple.Five or six days later
A new Technique of ERC(P) Using a Straight-view Fiberscope
Authors: E. Seifert, Y. Urakami, H. Butke
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

A new technuque of ERC(P) using a forward-veiwing fiberscope is described in details. By this procedure the position of the maximal bended tip of the instrument provides a more selective cannulation of the common bile duct, preventing the risk of pancreatic duct filling. The method was performed in 15 cases and succeeded in 12. ERCP, using this technique, can be performed after normal esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy. However, at present time it is not a routine procedure. Technical improvements on the instrument are necessary to facilitate the method.
All God's Children: The Bosket Family and the American Tradition of Violence
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Willie Bosket claimed that he had committed 2000 crimes, including 200 armed robberies, 25 stabbings, and two murders, by the age of 15. In prison, where he reached adulthood, Bosket directed his aggression toward the guards and the fixtures of his cell. After he stabbed a guard with a homemade stiletto in 1988, Bosket was visited by Fox Butterfield, a reporter for<i>The New York Times</i>. Butterfield wondered whether Bosket's story might provide some insight into the wave of adolescent violence in the inner city. Bosket had been wondering the same thing and asked Butterfield to search his family background to find the origins of his violent behavior. With reservations about the difficulty of this task (Bosket did not even know his father's birthplace), Butterfield agreed to try. What emerged from this search, writes Butterfield in<i>All God's Children</i>, "was not just a portrait of the Boskets, but a new
Titration of antibody against hepatitis C virus core protein and its clinical utility
Authors: Yuko Taura, Shigetoshi Fujiyama, Shin-ichi Kawano, Shinjiro Sato, Masafumi Goto, Hideto Chikazawa, Junji Shibata, Kyosuke Mizuno, Tatsuo Sato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
Benign Asymmetry of the Femur
Authors: O. W. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Doctors are oxydable products, and the schools must keep furnishing new ones as the old ones turn into oxyds; some of first-rate quality that burn with a great light; some of a lower grade of brilliancy; some honestly, unmistakably, by the grace of God, of moderate gifts, or in simpler phrase, dull.
Doctor Thommes and Doctor Woods
Authors: Phillip J. Cozzi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Ad Libitum1 May 1991Doctor Thommes and Doctor WoodsPhillip J. Cozzi, MDPhillip J. Cozzi, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-834_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThese men of biologyare gone. No moreracing to the hatcheryon day thirteen and a halfof incubation. They knittedexperiments with test tubes,drilled windows in chicken eggswith a dentist's drill,dissected and transplantedeach other's thoughts,wrote and re-wrote,typed and stapled their studies.They harvested, fixed, embedded with wax,sectioned, stained and studiedthe glands of unborn birds.I remember how they kicked meout of their lab. Then took me back.They made me laugh with frequentirrelevant references to the papal monkeys.Now, at the end of the day,after my last... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 9219 Shields Brookfield, Illinois Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1991Volume 114, Issue 9Page: 834-834 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Endothelin-1 production is associated with eosinophilic rather than neutrophilic airway inflammation
Authors: F. Finsnes, O.H. Skjonsberg, T Lyberg, G Christensen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

<h3>Objective</h3> The objective of our study was to examine the relationship between brain injury and outcome following neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia. <h3>Design and patients</h3> Neonatal MRI scans were evaluated in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) randomised controlled trial of whole-body hypothermia and each infant was categorised based upon the pattern of brain injury on the MRI findings. Brain injury patterns were assessed as a marker of death or disability at 18–22 months of age. <h3>Results</h3> Scans were obtained on 136 of 208 trial participants (65%); 73 in the hypothermia and 63 in the control group. Normal scans were noted in 38 of 73 infants (52%) in the hypothermia group and 22 of 63 infants (35%) in the control group. Infants in the hypothermia group had fewer areas of infarction (12%) compared to infants in the control group (22%). Fifty-one of the 136 infants died or had moderate or severe disability at 18 months. The brain injury pattern correlated with outcome of death or disability and with disability among survivors. Each point increase in the severity of the pattern of brain injury was independently associated with a twofold increase in the odds of death or disability. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Fewer areas of infarction and a trend towards more normal scans were noted in brain MRI following whole-body hypothermia. Presence of the NICHD pattern of brain injury is a marker of death or moderate or severe disability at 18–22 months following hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy.
Effect of Chronic Ethanol Feeding on Hepatic Mitochondria in the Monkey
Authors: Samuel W. French, Boris H. Ruebner, Esteban Mezey, Tsunenobu Tamura, Charles H. Halsted
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

The effect of chronic ethanol feeding on hepatic mitochondrial morphology and histochemically measured succinic dehydrogenase activity was assessed. Five monkeys of the species Macaca radiata received a nutritionally adequate diet containing 50% of the calories as ethanol, while five others were pair–fed the same diet except that ethanol was isocalorically substituted by carbohydrate. Liver morphology was assessed at 12 and 24 months and at sacrifice after 40 to 48 months of ethanol feeding. The ethanol–fed animals developed mild to moderate fatty liver as did some of the controls. No necrosis or fibrosis developed. All ethanol–fed animals developed centrilobolar mega–mitochondria and centrilobular “shift” in histochemically assayed succinic dehydrogenase activity characteristic of animals fed ethanol for prolonged periods. These mitochondrial changes persisted throughout the 48–month test period without progressive increase in severity or accompanying pathology. It is concluded that the morphologic and histochemically assessed mitochondrial changes do not necessarily represent a progressive destructive effect of ethanol.