tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 160: CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and P53 methylation patterns in Puerto Rican Hispanic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Cristina I. Castro, Mercedes Y. Lacourt, Raul D. Bernabe, Marcia R. Cruz-Correa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) with extensive promoter methylation seems to be a distinct epigenotype of colorectal cancer (CRC). CIMP hypermethylation blocks transcriptional activation of several genes associated with tumor suppression, cell cycle, DNA repair, differentiation and apoptosis. Moreover, the promoter CpG island hypermethylation is an important epigenetic change associated with gene silencing, poor prognosis and lower response to chemotherapy in CRC patients. However, specific clinical and pathologic features have not been associated with CIMP status in Puerto Rican Hispanic CRC patients. In this pilot study we determined the CIMP status and the methylation pattern of P53 gene in CRC to establish a possible correlation between aberrant methylation and clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: We employed methylation-specific PCR (MSP) to evaluate DNA methylation in eight CIMP-specific promoters (CACNA1G, IGF2, NEUROG1, RUNX3, SOCS1, hMLH1, p16) and the methylation pattern of the tumor suppressor gene P53 in twenty-five CRC cases. No CIMP status was defined as no methylated locus, CIMP-Low status as one to three methylated loci, and CIMP-High status as four or more methylated loci. In addition, clinicopathological and methylation patterns were correlated to the CIMP status using Wilcoxon rank tests, Chi square and Fisher exact t-tests, as appropriate using STATA 10.0. Results: Twenty-five CRC cases (mean age at diagnosis 64.2 ± 11.7 years; 11 males) were evaluated. Tumors were mostly located in the distal colon (76.2%), were moderately differentiated (88.8%), and were Dukes Stage B/C (86.7%). Twelve percent (3/25) of CRC cases were CIMP-High, 80% (20/25) were CIMP-Low and 16% (4/25) were No-CIMP. Aberrant methylation was not detected in the tumor suppressor gene P53. There were no significant statistical associations between CIMP status and age at diagnosis, gender, tumor staging, differentiation, tumor location or survival. Discussion: This pilot study is the first work to evaluate the CIMP status in Puerto Rican Hispanics CRC patients. CIMP is a distinct epigenotype of colorectal cancer, and may be less frequent among Hispanic patients than previously reported in other racial and/or ethnic groups. Understanding epigenetic silencing by methylation of promoter regions of the CpG island will enable understanding of the colorectal tumorigenesis in Hispanic patients that may help tailor screening and therapeutic strategies for Hispanic patients. Current efforts are underway to characterize a large number of Puerto Rican Hispanics CRC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 160.
Initial Stages of Tumor Cell-Induced Angiogenesis: Evaluation Via Skin Window Chambers in Rodent Models
Authors: Chuan-Yuan Li, Siqing Shan, Qian Huang, Rod D. Braun, Jennifer Lanzen, Kang Hu, Pengnian Lin, Mark W. Dewhirst
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

There is a paucity of information about events that follow immediately after tumor cells are triggered to initiate the process of angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels). Such information is relevant to the issue of when micrometastases vascularize and has implications for the accessibility of micrometastases to various treatments. In this study, we attempted to monitor events at the initiation of angiogenesis at the earliest possible stage of tumor growth in vivo.Two different rodent mammary tumor cell lines, R3230Ac from the Fischer 344 rat and 4T1 from the BALB/c mouse, were stably transfected with a gene that encodes an enhanced version of green fluorescence protein (GFP). GFP-labeled R3230Ac or 4T1 cells (about 20-50 cells) were implanted into dorsal skinfold window chambers of Fischer 344 rats or BALB/c mice, respectively. Tumor angiogenesis was then monitored serially and noninvasively for up to 4 weeks.Clear evidence of modification of the host vasculature was observed when tumor mass reached approximately 60-80 cells, and functional new blood vessels were seen when tumor mass reached roughly 100-300 cells. Individual tumor cells exhibited a chemotaxis-like growth pattern toward the pre-existing host vasculature. When ex-flk1 (a soluble, truncated vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor protein known to be antiangiogenic) was injected with the tumor cells, the initial angiogenic and tumor growth activities were inhibited considerably, indicating that angiogenesis inhibitors may halt tumor growth even before the onset of angiogenesis.Angiogenesis induced by tumor cells after implantation in the host begins at a very early stage, i.e., when the tumor mass contains roughly 100-300 cells. Identification of chemotactic signals that initiate tumor cell migration toward the existing vasculature may provide valuable targets for preventing tumor progression and/or metastases.
Prevaccination Screening of Medical and Dental Students
Authors: Robert P. Perrillo
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in 484 medical and 329 dental students was studied. Three students (0.9%) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reactive, and 46 students (5.7%) were reactive for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). There was no difference in anti-HBs frequency between medical and dental students, and the prevalence of this marker was not associated with year in school. Of the 46 reactors, eight (17%) were nonreproducible and 38 (83%) were reproducibly reactive when the same samples were reanalyzed. Of note, all nonreproducible reactors exhibited anti-HBs sample-negative control (S/N) ratios of less than 10, and none were positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Nineteen (50%) of the reproducible reactors had anti-HBs S/N ratios equal to or greater than 10, and only 15 (39%) were anti-HBc positive. In view of these observations, we do not recommend HBV screening in a vaccine program for health students. Due to the frequency with which low-level anti-HBs reactors without anti-HBc are found to be nonreproducibly positive, we are concerned by the potential overinterpretation of such results before the formulation of decisions about the need for vaccination.
Impact of alpha-tocopherol on the hypertrophied heart in a murine model of systemic carnitine deficiency: The involvement of 1,2-Diacylglycerol
Authors: Ryotaro Takahashi, Toru Asai, Kenichiro Matsubara, Yoshihiro Saburi, Hideo Matsui, Kenji Okumura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Ode to a Parasite
Authors: Tamra L. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Symptoms after accelerated immunisation.
Authors: D. Burgner, P. Chetcuti
Journal: BMJ (1992)

death reported by Lim2 is unlikely to have been due to flumazenil,4 while the mechanism of action in the death reported by Burr et al was a withdrawal of the protective action of benzodiazepines in a patient who had taken a multiple drug overdose.3The same mechanism also explains the precipitation of ventricular arrhythmias in the report that Katz and colleagues quote in support of their own case.5Benzodiazepines have a dampening effect on sympathetic nervous system activity,6 and animal studies suggest that they can increase the electrical stability of the heart in patients with acute myo- cardial infarction.7There is little doubt that sympathetic activity in restless, waking, intubated patients is increased.This is primarily the result of irritation due to the endotracheal tube, a response that is augmented in the presence of hypoxia or pain, or both.In this setting reversing sedation with flumazenil unmasks increased sympathetic drive and cardiac electrical instability, thereby precipitating ventricular arrhythmias in an already severely damaged myocardium with compromised left ventricular function.The conclusion can be only that the fatal drug actions in this case are similar to those reported elsewhere.35There is no evidence for any direct cardiac effect of flumazenil.
Extrapolation of Correlation Between 2 Variables in 4 General Medical Journals
Authors: Yen-Hong Kuo
Journal: JAMA (2002)

An estimated correlation between 2 variables is valid only within the range of observed data. Extrapolation is risky and should be performed with caution.To assess the prevalence of problems with data extrapolation in the medical literature, all articles published from January through June 2000 in BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) were reviewed manually. Articles containing at least 1 scatterplot with raw data and a corresponding fitted regression line were included in the analysis. Articles were considered to involve extrapolation if they contained at least 1 fitted line beyond the observed data in any scatter plot.A total of 178 articles presenting at least 1 scatterplot were identified. Among them, 37 articles (21%) (5 from BMJ, 7 from JAMA, 23 from The Lancet, and 2 from NEJM) were included. Twenty-two articles (59% [95% confidence interval, 42%-75%]) from all 4 journals involved extrapolation. None changed the line type to indicate extrapolation. Four articles (11%) contained a plot in which the fitted line reached unreasonable or meaningless values. Three articles (8%) stated explicit conclusions about values outside the range of the observed data.A high proportion of the articles analyzed from all 4 weekly general medical journals involved extrapolation without indication. Researchers, reviewers, and editors should be aware of this problem and work to eliminate it.
Compressed Sensing Single–Breath-Hold CMR for Fast Quantification of LV Function, Volumes, and Mass
Authors: Gabriella Vincenti, Pierre Monney, Jérôme Chaptinel, Tobias Rutz, Simone Coppo, Michael O. Zenge, Michaela Schmidt, Mariappan S. Nadar, Davide Piccini, Pascal Chèvre, Matthias Stuber, Juerg Schwitter
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Starting with a Higher Dose of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Primary Care Asthma Treatment
Authors: THYS van der MOLEN, BETTY MEYBOOM-de JONG, HELMA H. MULDER, DIRKJE S. POSTMA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

New British guidelines on the treatment of asthma (9) advocate starting with a higher dose of inhaled corticosteroids in newly detected asthma patients. We investigated whether initiating inhaled steroid treatment with a higher dose is clinically more effective than a lower dose in steroid naive patients with asthma. The study had a 13-wk randomized, double-blind, parallel design: 1-mo treatment with 400 μ g budesonide twice a day, or 100 μ g budesonide twice a day by dry powder inhaler, and follow-up treatment period of 2 mo with 200 μ g budesonide once daily for all patients. Forty patients started with 400 μ g budesonide twice daily, 44 with 100 μ g budesonide twice daily. Mean age was 32 yr, baseline FEV1 value 84% predicted, reversibility 9% from baseline, and mean bronchodilator use 1.6 inhalations/d in the run-in period. After 4 wk of treatment with 400 μ g and 100 μ g budesonide twice daily mean morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) increased 27 L/min (SD 50), and 38 L/ min (SD 53), respectively (p = 0.30); mean symptom score improved from 1.1 to 0.6 and from 1.1 to 0.5. These effects were maintained in the 2 mo follow-up. This study suggests that starting inhaled corticosteroids at a higher dose is not superior to a lower dose in the treatment of newly detected asthma. van der Molen T, Meyboom-de Jong B, Mulder HH, Postma DS. Starting with a higher dose of inhaled corticosteroids in primary care asthma treatment.
Slow Intramural Heating With Diffused Laser Light
Authors: David L. Ware, Paul Boor, Chunjie Yang, Ashok Gowda, James J. Grady, Massoud Motamedi
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Catheter ablation of postinfarction ventricular tachycardia (VT) may be limited by insufficient myocardial coagulation or excessive endocardial or epicardial damage. We propose that volumetric heating restricted to intramural sites may improve the outcome and safety of this procedure, especially if delivered at rates that enhance heat conduction and forestall adverse tissue changes. Methods and Results —A novel optical fiber with a diffusing tip for direct intramural, volumetric laser heating was tested via thoracotomy and percutaneously in normal dogs. Low-power (2.0- to 4.5-W) diode laser light (805 nm) diffused within tissue induced large lesions but no visible surface damage, mural thrombi, or transmural perforation. Mean lesion depth approximated tip length (10 mm). Mean lesion widths in the thoracotomy and percutaneous groups were 5.8±0.5 to 9.1±0.84 mm and 5.2±0.85 to 7.9±1.1 mm, respectively, depending on the light dose. Mean volumes in the percutaneous group were 1006±245 to 2471±934 mm. ST-segment depression, appearing in unfiltered bipolar electrograms recorded from the guiding catheter, was specific for lesion induction. All dogs survived the protocol, which included a 1-hour observation period. In cross section, lesions were elliptical to spherical and characterized by extensive contraction-band necrosis abruptly bordering viable tissue. No platelets or fibrin adhered to the endocardium. Conclusions —Slow, volumetric, and direct intramyocardial heating induces large, deep lesions without hazardous tissue damage. Such heating might cure postinfarction VT more successfully and safely than present techniques. Further testing and development of this method seem warranted.
Lupus anticoagulant: clinical significance in anticardiolipin positive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: N J McHugh, D A Moye, I E James, M Sampson, P J Maddison
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The significance of anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant was studied in 58 consecutive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. On 85 occasions serum IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and simultaneous plasma samples tested for lupus anticoagulant activity. The most significant association with clinical events (previous thrombosis or thrombocytopenia occurring in 11/58 patients) was with prolonged tissue thromboplastin inhibition time (TTIT) followed by prolonged kaolin cephalin clotting time (KCCT) then raised IgG anticardiolipin antibody concentrations and dilute Russell9s viper venom time. Although IgG anticardiolipin antibodies or KCCT were the most sensitive tests in identifying this group, the TTIT was the most specific (98%). Nine patients were IgG anticardiolipin antibody positive and lupus anticoagulant negative, of whom one had thrombocytopenia but none had thrombosis. The presence of a lupus anticoagulant in anticardiolipin antibody positive patients increases specificity for certain adverse clinical events.
Low levels of tissue factor are compatible with development and hemostasis in mice.
Authors: G C Parry, J H Erlich, P Carmeliet, T Luther, N Mackman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Tissue factor (TF) expression is associated with life-threatening thrombosis in a variety of human diseases, including sepsis, cancer, and atherosclerosis. Recently, it was shown that inactivation of the murine TF (mTF) gene results in embryonic lethality. To date, despite extensive studies on the regulation of the TF promoter in vitro, no studies have examined the cis-acting regulatory elements that control TF gene expression in vivo. Here we report that a human TF (hTF) minigene containing the human TF promoter and human TF cDNA directed a low level (approximately 1% relative to mouse TF) of both constitutive and LPS-inducible human TF expression in transgenic mice. Importantly, the human TF minigene rescued the embryonic lethality of murine TF null embryos, suggesting that human TF substituted for murine TF during embryogenesis. Rescued mice (mTF-/-, hTF+), which expressed low levels (approximately 1%) of TF activity, developed normally with no signs of a bleeding diathesis, suggesting that low TF expression can maintain hemostasis compatible with normal survival. These studies establish a novel mouse model system that can be used to examine the regulation of the human TF gene in vivo and the impact of low TF levels on the hemostatic balance in various thrombotic diseases.
Female predominance of immune response to SSA/Ro antigens and risk of neonatal lupus erythematosus
Authors: S. MIYAGAWA, K. DOHI, A. YOSHIOKA, T. SHIRAI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Female predominance of immune response to SSA/Ro antigens and risk of neonatal lupus erythematosus Get access S. MIYAGAWA, S. MIYAGAWA Department of Dermatology, First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Japan Dr Sachiko Miyagawa, Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. DOHI, K. DOHI Department of Dermatology, First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. YOSHIOKA, A. YOSHIOKA Department of Dermatology, First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. SHIRAI T. SHIRAI Department of Dermatology, First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 123, Issue 2, 1 August 1990, Pages 223–227, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01850.x Published: 01 August 1990
Importance of placement of intra-articular steroid injections.
Authors: A Jones, M Regan, J Ledingham, M Pattrick, A Manhire, M Doherty
Journal: BMJ (1993)

1984 American Olympic team about 11% of athletes had asthma or exercise induced bronchoconstriction.' The figures agreed with those of Weiler et al, who found self reported asthma in 12% of football players; basketball players had a low asthma prevalence.29In a study from Portugal Gomes et al found normal bronchial responsiveness in elite runners.?0 In another study swimmers had a higher prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness than other athletes and the authors postulated a relation with ambient swim- ming pool conditions.3'To our knowledge there are no other studies of skiers or other athletes performing exercise at low tempera- tures.From the few reports available there is no evidence that strenuous training by itself increases the risk of asthma.Strenuous training at low temperatures, however, seems to be pathogenetic for asthma, possibly due to the repeated breathing of large amounts of cold air.The expert technical help of Britt-Marie Sundblad and Wang Zhi-Ping is acknowledged.
Transdifferentiation of cultured tubular cells induced by hypoxia
Authors: Krissanapong Manotham, Tetsuhiro Tanaka, Makiko Matsumoto, Takamoto Ohse, Reiko Inagi, Toshio Miyata, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Toshiro Fujita, Julie R. Ingelfinger, Masaomi Nangaku
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
FOXO1 repression contributes to block of plasma cell differentiation in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Marion J. Vogel, Linka Xie, Hanfeng Guan, Reuben M. Tooze, Thomas Maier, Ulrike Kostezka, Harald J. Maier, Karlheinz Holzmann, Fong Chun Chan, Christian Steidl, Jonathan B. Reichel, Clarissa D. Weitzer, Franziska Gehringer, Anita B. Kick, Ethel Cesarman, Mikhail Roshal, Randy D. Gascoyne, Peter Möller, Thomas Wirth, Alexey Ushmorov
Journal: Blood (2014)
Further Evidence for a Developmental Subtype of Bipolar Disorder Defined by Age at Onset: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Authors: Benjamin I. Goldstein, Anthony J. Levitt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: This study examines the relationship between age at onset of bipolar I disorder and illness characteristics among adults in a community sample. Method: The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions identified 1,411 adults with bipolar disorder. For analyses, bipolar disorder subjects were divided into three age at onset groups: childhood (less than 13 years old, N=113), adolescence (13–18 years old, N=339), and adulthood (19 years or older, N=959). Results: Nonremitting bipolar disorder was most prevalent among childhood-onset subjects, and childhood-onset subjects were most likely to experience prolonged episodes. Antisocial personality disorder was most prevalent among childhood-onset subjects. Drug use disorders were more prevalent among childhood-onset and adolescent-onset, as compared with adult-onset, subjects. Prevalence of mixed episodes or irritability did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: Findings corroborate clinical studies: illness characteristics among adults with childhood-onset bipolar disorder are similar to those described in children with bipolar disorder.
Factors Relating to Academic Performance of Medical Students at University of British Columbia
Authors: D O ANDERSON, E RICHES, R ZICKMANTEL
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The performance of medical students enrolled at the University of British Columbia from 1952 to 1961 is reviewed and related to certain descriptive factors available to the screening committee at the time of application. Almost 40% of enrolled students had academic difficulty in medical school; 16.4% failed a complete year. Since 91% of students who failed out, did so after freshman medicine examinations, these grades were examined for significant association with certain intellectual and non-intellectural factors. Sex and year of registration were not significantly associated with freshman performance, but permanent home address was: students from other Commonwealth countries did not perform as well as Canadians. Significant correlations were observed between both pre-medical grades and Medical College Admission Test scores and first-year medicine marks. By multiple regression analysis four factors were found to be predictive: age, number of pre-medical years completed at the time of application, overall pre-medical grade average and "Science" M.C.A.T. score. From the resulting equation, 77.4% of the grades of medical students who completed their freshman year in 1962 were predicted within one standard error. Students on the whole were noted to perform consistently in pre-medicine and medicine.