tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Keratinocyte differentiation in psoriatic scalp: morphology and expression of epithelial keratins
Authors: C.L. WILSON, D. DEAN, E.B. LANE, R.P. RDAWBER, I.M. LEIGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The morphology of hair follicles was examined in psoriatic scalp biopsies and compared with normal scalp. In scalp psoriasis the lower outer root sheath and hair matrix were not affected by the psoriatic changes, although there was an irregular expansion in the proximal lower outer root sheath. This area has been characterized, by the presence of keratin K19‐containing cells, as the putative stem cell region. In addition, marked shrinkage of the sebaceous glands was seen in the psoriatic scalp, as previously reported. A panel of monospecific monoclonal antibodies to individual epithelial keratins was used to analyse scalp specimens immunohistochemically. Keratin expression in scalp was generally unaffected by psoriasis, except for widespread expression of suprabasal keratins K16 and K17 in suprabasal interfollicular psoriatic scalp epidermis. Simple epithelial keratins K8 and K18 were not found in follicular epithelium from either normal or psoriatic scalp, using multiple monospecific antibodies. This study shows that keratin K17 is induced suprabasally during epidermal hyperproliferation, and cannot therefore be considered a hair follicle‐specific keratin.
303 Comprehensive study of the effects of rifampicin and ursodeoxycholic acid on genes and proteins involved in regulation, transport and detoxification of biliary compounds in gallstone patients
Authors: H.U. Marschall, M. Wagner, G. Zollner, P. Fickert, J. Gumholdt, D. Silbert, U. Diczfalusy, L. Benthin, R. Grundstrom, S. Sahlin, C. Einarsson, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
A “Developmental Hourglass” in Fungi
Authors: Xuanjin Cheng, Jerome Ho Lam Hui, Yung Yung Lee, Patrick Tik Wan Law, Hoi Shan Kwan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

The "developmental hourglass" concept suggests that intermediate developmental stages are most resistant to evolutionary changes and that differences between species arise through divergence later in development. This high conservation during middevelopment is illustrated by the "waist" of the hourglass and it represents a low probability of evolutionary change. Earlier molecular surveys both on animals and on plants have shown that the genes expressed at the waist stage are more ancient and more conserved in their expression. The existence of such a developmental hourglass has not been explored in fungi, another eukaryotic kingdom. In this study, we generated a series of transcriptomic data covering the entire lifecycle of a model mushroom-forming fungus, Coprinopsis cinerea, and we observed a molecular hourglass over its development. The "young fruiting body" is the stage that expresses the evolutionarily oldest (lowest transcriptome age index) transcriptome and gives the strongest signal of purifying selection (lowest transcriptome divergence index). We also demonstrated that all three kingdoms—animals, plants, and fungi—display high expression levels of genes in "information storage and processing" at the waist stages, whereas the genes in "metabolism" become more highly expressed later. Besides, the three kingdoms all show underrepresented "signal transduction mechanisms" at the waist stages. The synchronic existence of a molecular "hourglass" across the three kingdoms reveals a mutual strategy for eukaryotes to incorporate evolutionary innovations.
Identification and mutation analysis of the complete gene for Chediak–Higashi syndrome
Authors: Deborah L. Nagle, Mohammad A. Karim, Elizabeth A. Woolf, Lisa Holmgren, Peer Bork, Donald J. Misumi, Sonja H. McGrail, Barry J. Dussault, Charles M. Perou, Raymond E. Boissy, Geoffrey M. Duyk, Richard A. Spritz, Karen J. Moore
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF BIOMARKERS FOR HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN THE ADULT FONTAN PATIENT
Authors: Fred Wu, Michael Earing, Jamil Aboulhosn, Michael Singh, Robert Odze, Chinweike Ukomadu, Melanie E. Johncilla, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Anne Marie Valente, Michael Landzberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Authors: Ernest L. Wynder
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A retrospective epidemiologic investigation of 350 lung cancer patients confirmed the close association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, particularly of the squamous and oat cell types. New trends in this study show that there is a decrease in relative risk for those patients developing lung cancer ten years after they have switched to filter cigarettes, possibly due to the lower "tar" content in filter cigarettes smoked by these patients. The risk also declines after complete cessation of smoking and appears to approach the level of nonsmokers after 13 years of not smoking. Further efforts to produce less harmful tobacco products should be continued and expanded although no smoking or cessation of smoking is the most effective prevention against lung cancer.
Eltrombopag for the Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: James B. Bussel, Gregory Cheng, Mansoor N. Saleh, Bethan Psaila, Lidia Kovaleva, Balkis Meddeb, Janusz Kloczko, Habib Hassani, Bhabita Mayer, Nicole L. Stone, Michael Arning, Drew Provan, Julian M. Jenkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) involves antibody-mediated platelet destruction and reduced platelet production. Stimulation of platelet production may be an effective treatment for this disorder.We conducted a trial in which 118 adults with chronic ITP and platelet counts of less than 30,000 per cubic millimeter who had had relapses or whose platelet count was refractory to at least one standard treatment for ITP were randomly assigned to receive the oral thrombopoietin-receptor agonist eltrombopag (30, 50, or 75 mg daily) or placebo. The primary end point was a platelet count of 50,000 or more per cubic millimeter on day 43.In the eltrombopag groups receiving 30, 50, and 75 mg per day, the primary end point was achieved in 28%, 70%, and 81% of patients, respectively. In the placebo group, the end point was achieved in 11% of patients. The median platelet counts on day 43 for the groups receiving 30, 50, and 75 mg of eltrombopag were 26,000, 128,000, and 183,000 per cubic millimeter, respectively; for the placebo group the count was 16,000 per cubic millimeter. By day 15, more than 80% of patients receiving 50 or 75 mg of eltrombopag daily had an increased platelet count. Bleeding also decreased during treatment in these two groups. The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in the placebo and eltrombopag groups.Eltrombopag increased platelet counts in a dose-dependent manner in patients with relapsed or refractory ITP. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00102739.)
Significance of the anti-Ro(SS-A) antibody in evaluation of patients with cutaneous manifestations of a connective tissue disease
Authors: Thomas T Provost, Rosemarie Watson, Eva Simmons-O'Brien
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)

The anti-Ro(SS-A) antibody is arguably the most important antibody determination except for antinuclear antibodies in evaluation of patients suspected of having lupus erythematosus. During the past 25 years, studies have established the importance of this antibody in the evaluation of patients with atypical lupus erythematosus, who have a photosensitive dermatitis as the presenting sign. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the utility and the necessity of this antibody determination in the evaluation of all patients with cutaneous manifestations who are suspected of having a connective tissue disease.
VI. DISABILITIES OF THE KNEE-JOINT
Authors: R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1916)

EVERY kind of dlisability of tlle knee-joint may occur in military practice, from a simple sprain to tlle results of a severe wound.An attempt will be miiade in this article to give a broad classification of these derangements amid clisabilities, withl their diagnostic signs, an'd to indicate appropriate lines of treatmnent.
Cholinergic Drugs in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kenneth L. Davis, Richard C. Mohs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Less than a decade ago, vasodilators and metabolic enhancers were the agents used to "treat" Alzheimer's disease, although it is primarily a disease neither of cerebral blood flow nor of altered metabolic activity. Once the importance of a cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease had been elaborated,1 it became possible to conceive of a rational approach to treatment.There are three basic pharmacologic strategies for augmenting cholinergic neurotransmission: drugs can increase the synthesis or release of acetylcholine, protect acetylcholine from being degraded, or act directly at the cholinergic receptor. With a few exceptions, cholinomimetic compounds that unequivocably increase central cholinergic activity . . .
Psychosocial Indexes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Community Sample
Authors: Rui Coelho, Elisabete Ramos, Joana Prata, Henrique Barros
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Psychosocial characteristics might contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of cardiovascular disease as it is increasingly recognised that biomedical risk factors do not fully explain its dynamics. This study aimed to describe psychometric indexes in a Portuguese community sample relating them to known cardiovascular disease risk factors. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Anthropometric, blood pressure, serum measurements and information on demographic, social, medical and behavioural characteristics were obtained for 215 women and 156 men. Self-administered questionnaires were used for the psychometric evaluation (Bortner scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Hopkins Symptom Distress Checklist 90-Revised, Psychological General Well-Being and the Nottingham Health Profile, NHP). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; There were significant differences according to gender regarding almost every psychometric dimension assessed. After adjusting for the presence of different biomedical risk factors, significant decreasing mean behaviour pattern scores were found with increasing age. Mean depression scores were significantly higher in women and in individuals with lower educational level. As to general psychological well-being, the highest scores were obtained for men and individuals with higher educational level. For the assessed dimensions of quality of life, as well as indexes of psychopathology, men scored better than women. No significant differences in mean scores of behaviour pattern, depression, psychological general well-being and dimensions of NHP were found according to the presence of an increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The study shows that the clustering of multiple biomedical risk factors does not result in additive deleterious psychological effects and that psychometric indexes are mainly dependent on gender and education, common confounders in most studies evaluating cardiovascular risk factors.
NMDA Receptor-Nitric Oxide Transmission Mediates Neuronal Iron Homeostasis via the GTPase Dexras1
Authors: Jaime H. Cheah, Sangwon F. Kim, Lynda D. Hester, Kathleen W. Clancy, Stanley E. Patterson, Vassilios Papadopoulos, Solomon H. Snyder
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Crisis in western Sudan is delaying help for south of country
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The government's Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) has announced far-reaching proposals which it hopes will end the stigma and discrimination attached to mental illness and encourage people back into meaningful lives.This week the unit launched its report, Mental Health and Social Exclusion, which calls for health services to focus on the social as well as medical needs of hundreds of thousands of people excluded from wider society by mental illness.The report sets out a five year plan with an ambitious antistigma and discrimination campaign aimed at employers, schools, and the media, which it hopes will dispel cultural myths that people with mental illness are dangerous, unstable, and unemployable.All psychiatric patients in hospital are to be given vocational advice and support, and trusts will be told to strengthen links with job centres.NHS day centres must be redesigned with a focus on re-integrating patients into the community via job training, advice about employment, education, or voluntary work.
Proteins of Serum and Oedema Fluid in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: D. C. Park, K. Swinburne
Journal: BMJ (1964)

whole approach to these disorders, so that lively and prospective management has replaced inertia and the chronic ward, and that in itself is worth while. SummaryIn opening a discussion on vertebro-basilar ischaemia, transient and reversible disturbances of cerebral and brain-stem function-" litttle strokes "-are attributed to reduction in the speed of blood flow, while both vascular spasm and thrombotic occlusion of small vessels are rejected as causal.Angiography shows that stenosis or occlusion of a large vessel may be remote from the resulting neural lesion, and that the haemodynamic properties of collateral flow may determine the pattern of disordered function and modify it in time.Precipitating factors, especially transient reduction in general or local blood- pressure, with preceding stenosis or occlusion, are largely causal.Many related changes in cardiovascular function may decide whether local flow is sufficiently reduced to cause transient symptoms.The diagnosis of vertebro-basilar ischaemia depends on the association at any one time and from time to time of a number of apparently unrelated symptoms.The most common association is that of obscuration or other disorder of vision, with vertigo, ataxia, nausea, sensory changes, drop attacks, or loss of consciousness.Investigation by angiography is reserved for special cases in the young; the results of treatment by vascular surgery have so far been disappointing; there is a place for the use of anticoagulants, but usually treatment is by general medical management.
Primary intestinal epithelial cells selectively transfer R5 HIV-1 to CCR5+ cells
Authors: Gang Meng, Xiping Wei, Xiaoyun Wu, Marty T. Sellers, Julie M. Decker, Zina Moldoveanu, Jan M. Orenstein, Martin F. Graham, John C. Kappes, Jiri Mestecky, George M. Shaw, Phillip D. Smith
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Intravascular ultrasound cross-sectional arterial imaging before and after balloon angioplasty in vitro.
Authors: J M Tobis, J A Mallery, J Gessert, J Griffith, D Mahon, M Bessen, M Moriuchi, L McLeay, M McRae, W L Henry
Journal: Circulation (1989)

A prototype ultrasound imaging catheter was evaluated in vitro using 17 human atherosclerotic artery segments before and after balloon dilatation angioplasty. The catheter was 1.2 mm in diameter and incorporated a single 20-MHz ultrasound transducer to obtain cross-sectional images of the arterial lumen. In 15 of the 17 (88%) arteries, high quality images were obtained, which demonstrated clear demarcation between the lumen and the endothelium, the atheroma plaque, the muscular media, and the adventitia. Qualitative characteristics of plaque disruption, dissection, and residual flaps were readily visible. In addition, quantitative information about cross-sectional lumen area was obtained before and after balloon dilatation. The mean cross-sectional lumen area increased from 8.7 to 15.1 mm2 (p less than 0.01) following balloon dilatation. The lumen area measured from the ultrasound images following dilatation correlated closely with the area measured from histologic sections (r = 0.88). The results from this study indicate that a small-diameter ultrasound imaging catheter can be developed that will provide high-resolution qualitative and quantitative information during peripheral and coronary angioplasty.
High prevalence of spontaneous portal-systemic shunts in persistent hepatic encephalopathy: A case-control study
Authors: Oliviero Riggio, Cesare Efrati, Carlo Catalano, Federica Pediconi, Oriano Mecarelli, Neri Accornero, Francesca Nicolao, Stefania Angeloni, Andrea Masini, Lorenzo Ridola, Adolfo F. Attili, Manuela Merli
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Large spontaneous portal-systemic shunts have been occasionally described in patients with cirrhosis. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of portal-systemic shunts in patients with cirrhosis with recurrent or persistent hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as compared with patients with cirrhosis without HE. Fourteen patients with cirrhosis with recurrent or persistent HE (cases) and 14 patients with cirrhosis without previous or present signs of overt HE matching for age and degree of liver failure (controls) were studied. Each patient underwent neurological assessment and cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to exclude organic neurological pathological conditions. HE evaluation included psychometric performance (Trail-Making Test A), electroencephalogram (EEG), mental status examination and grading, arterial, venous, and partial pressure of ammonia determination. The presence of portal-systemic shunts was assessed by portal venous phase multidetector-row spiral computed tomography (CT). Large spontaneous portal-systemic shunts were detected in 10 patients with HE and in only 2 patients without HE (71% vs. 14%; chi square = 9.16; df = 1.0; P = .002). The patients with HE presented ascites ( P = .002) and medium/large esophageal varices ( P = .02) less frequently than the control group. In conclusion , our study suggests that large spontaneous shunts may often sustain the chronicity of HE; the presence of large shunts should be sought in patients with cirrhosis with recurrent or persistent HE. (Hepatology 2005;42:1158–1165.)
Long-term octreotide treatment prevents vascular hyporeactivity in portal-hypertensive rats
Authors: C C Sieber, F Lee, R J Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Chronically portal-hypertensive rats show in vitro vascular hyporeactivity in large part mediated by the endothelium-derived vasodilator nitric oxide. We tested whether long-term octreotide treatment (15 micrograms/kg subcutaneously in 5% D/W, 8-hourly) corrects the in vitro vascular hyporeactivity. Increases in perfusion pressures (delta mm Hg) to potassium chloride (30-300 mmol/L) of in vitro perfused superior mesenteric arterial vascular beds of partial portal vein-ligated (PVL) rats were significantly ( P &lt; .05) higher in octreotide (n = 9) compared with placebo (n = 10, 5% D/W) treated animals. Octreotide significantly ( P &lt; .05) increased mean arterial pressure compared with placebo, the values being 129 ± 3 and 117 ± 4 mm Hg, respectively. Furthermore, a significant ( P &lt; .001) correlation was observed between in vitro vascular reactivity and mean arterial pressure. Incubation of separate vascular beds (n = 7 for both PVL and sham-operated rats) with octreotide (10 -6 mol/L) did not enhance pressure responses to 125 mmol/L potassium chloride, and failed to increase perfusion pressures in preconstricted vessel preparations (n = 6), excluding a direct inhibitory effect on NO. In summary, long-term octreotide treatment prevents in vitro vascular hyporeactivity in prehepatic portal-hypertensive rats, and octreotide does not exert its action through direct effects on endothelium-derived NO.
Altered renal kallikrein and renin gene expression in nephrotic rats and modulation by converting enzyme inhibition.
Authors: F N Hutchison, S K Webster, A A Jaffa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Urinary kallikrein excretion (UKE) is decreased in rats with passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), but increases after converting enzyme inhibition (CEI). Although CEI potentiates bradykinin activity, neither the effect of CEI on kallikrein secretion nor the abnormal renal kallikrein metabolism in PHN has been examined previously. To determine the mechanism by which CEI increases UKE, normal rats and PHN received enalapril, 40 mg/kg per d orally for 4 d. UKE was 85% lower in PHN than in normals and increased in both groups after CEI, although UKE in PHN remained significantly less than in normals. Kallikrein mRNA was significantly lower in PHN compared to normals but not in PHN treated with CEI and did not change in normal rats. Renin mRNA was significantly lower in PHN, and was stimulated by CEI only in normals. Renal kallikrein and renin content were not different and were not altered by CEI. Both kallikrein and renin genes appear to be transcriptionally suppressed in rats with PHN and the depressed kallikrein mRNA levels can be reversed by CEI. The modest increase in UKE despite normalization of kallikrein mRNA after CEI suggests that there is also a posttranscriptional defect in synthesis and/or secretion of kallikrein.
Dysadherin Expression Facilitates Cell Motility and Metastatic Potential of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Takeshi Shimamura, Jun Yasuda, Yoshinori Ino, Masahiro Gotoh, Akira Tsuchiya, Atsushi Nakajima, Michiie Sakamoto, Yae Kanai, Setsuo Hirohashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Dysadherin is a membrane glycoprotein expressed strongly in several human cancers. Overexpression of dysadherin in tumor cells is closely associated with malignant phenotype (e.g., metastasis) and poor prognosis. In our analysis, six pancreatic cancer cell lines showed a positive correlation between dysadherin expression and cell motility. Introduction of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against dysadherin into the Panc-1 cell line caused reduction of dysadherin expression and suppression of cell motility. In contrast, stable transfection of a dysadherin expression vector into the Capan-1 cell line increased cell motility. In vivo, the metastatic potential of orthotopically transplanted Capan-1 tumor cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice was increased by dysadherin overexpression. Cell morphology and actin organization were also influenced by modulation of dysadherin expression. Cells transfected with dysadherin siRNA tended to have a relatively larger, more spread shape and increased transverse actin stress fibers compared with parent cells and cells transfected with control siRNA. Our study suggests that dysadherin is able to modulate actin structures, stimulate cell motility, and contribute directly to the metastatic potential of human pancreatic cancer cells.
Uncovering early, lineage-dependent effects of TPMT genotype in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia by minimal residual disease
Authors: T Raff, M Kaiser, N Gökbuget, S Lüschen, M Ritgen, H Trautmann, R Reutzel, D Hoelzer, M Kneba, M Brüggemann
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
AN EASY METHOD OF INDUCING LOCAL ANESTHESIA FOR SIMPLE AMPUTATION OF THE BREAST
Authors: John S. Lundy
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The injection of the breast for operations under local anesthesia has not always been easy. Some breasts are small enough so that they can be held in the anesthetist's hand and readily injected. Others, however, are so large and unwieldy that they cannot be easily injected. It is particularly for these cases that the technic described here is used. It is seldom used, for instance, in operating on a male breast. The breast and nearby skin are prepared surgically. The breast is held between the hands of the assistant and elevated so that the outline of the base is changed from round to elliptic. When an assistant is not available, a clamp or handle may be used (Fig. 1) made of pliable, firm metal which can be easily bent, in a moment, to hold a breast in the correct shape, and without pain to the patient. When the clamp is