tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular comorbidities in hospitalised COPD patients: a determinant of future risk?
Authors: Andriana I. Papaioannou, Konstantinos Bartziokas, Stelios Loukides, Stamatoula Tsikrika, Foteini Karakontaki, Aikaterini Haniotou, Spyros Papiris, Daiana Stolz, Konstantinos Kostikas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension increase the risk of death and hospitalisations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients [1]. COPD patients with CVD are at increased risk of COPD-related hospitalisations [2]. Arterial hypertension is one of the most prevalent comorbidities, influencing 40–60% of COPD patients [1]. Diabetes mellitus is more prevalent in moderate to very severe COPD than in the general population [1] and hyperglycaemia during acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) is associated with increased in-hospital mortality [3]. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has proposed a multidimensional classification for COPD management [4, 5] that includes symptoms and future risk of AECOPD, based on the severity of airflow limitation and previous exacerbation history. A recent study has shown that the risk of future hospital admission due to COPD and cardiovascular death is higher in the more symptomatic group B compared with group C, regardless the functional advantage of patients in the first group [6]. Our study assessed the effect of CVD, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the time to first AECOPD, and on exacerbation and hospitalisation risk in groups A–D of the GOLD 2011 and 2013 classification, in a cohort of patients admitted to hospital for AECOPD. Comorbidities are important determinants of future risk in COPD patients and should be considered in the assessment of future risk <http://ow.ly/L2qJp> The results of this study have been presented at the European Respiratory Society Annual Congress in 2013.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH SOLUTIONS OF PYROZONE.Read in the Section on Laryngology at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: JAMES E. NEWCOMB
Journal: JAMA (1893)

About thirty-five years age, Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson introduced into medical and surgical practice the use of solutions of hydrogen dioxid. For a quarter of a century or more, he was their only advocate. With considerable distinctness he pointed out their application to various clinical conditions. He carefully recognized their limitations and, while making for them broad claims, did not regard them as a panacea for all ills. During the past few years, he has had many imitators of his advocacy. They have gone far beyond him in their claims of therapeutic results. They have, unfortunately, fallen short of him in honest conservatism. They have forgotten the counsels of this therapeutic pioneer, have made wild and untrustworthy statements, and have thus tended to bring the remedy into disrepute. They have had as allies some of the manufacturing chemists, whose wily rhetoric has been far more specious than their appreciation of
Presumptive Clinical Criteria Versus Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Candida Esophagitis at Various HIV-1 Disease Stages
Authors: Andrea Antinori, Armando Antinori, A. Ammassari, R. Masetti, A. De Luca, R. Murri, E. Tamburrini, P. Magistrelli
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Background and Study Aims: The presumptive diagnosis of Candida esophagitis has been included in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) case definition for full-blown AIDS since 1987. Endoscopic examination should be reserved for patients showing symptoms despite treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of diagnostic accuracy of the CDC presumptive clinical criteria and to determine the usefulness of upper digestive endoscopy in the diagnosis of Candida esophagitis in patients infected with HIV-1, with and without a previous AIDS-defining event.
O25 DEFICIENCY OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2BETA ALTERS HEPATIC LIPID METABOLISM AND ATTENUATES STEATOSIS DURING AGING OR LEPTIN DEFICIENCY
Authors: W. Chamulitrat, G. Liebisch, X. Deng, W. Xu, S. Tuma, G. Schmitz, W. Stremmel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Cell Survival under Stress Is Enhanced by a Mitochondrial ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter That Regulates Hemoproteins
Authors: John Lynch, Yu Fukuda, Partha Krishnamurthy, Guoqing Du, John D. Schuetz
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB6 localizes to the mitochondria, where it imports porphyrins and up-regulates de novo porphyrin synthesis. If ABCB6 also increases the intracellular heme concentration, it may broadly affect the regulation and physiology of cellular hemoproteins. We tested whether the ability of ABCB6 to accelerate de novo porphyrin biosynthesis alters mitochondrial and extramitochondrial heme levels. ABCB6 overexpression increased the quantity of cytosolic heme but did not affect mitochondrial heme levels. We then tested whether the increased extramitochondrial heme would increase the concentration and/or activity of cellular hemoproteins (hemoglobin, catalase, and cytochrome c oxidase). ABCB6 overexpression increased the activity and quantity of hemoproteins found in several subcellular compartments, and reduction of ABCB6 function (by small interfering RNA or knockout) reversed these findings. In complementary studies, suppression of ABCB6 expression sensitized cells to stress induced by peroxide and cyanide, whereas overexpression of ABCB6 protected against both stressors. Our findings show that the ability of ABCB6 to increase cytosolic heme levels produces phenotypic changes in hemoproteins that protect cells from certain stresses. Collectively, these findings have implications for the health and survival of both normal and abnormal cells, which rely on heme for multiple cellular processes. [Cancer Res 2009;69(13):5560–7]
The Association between Physical Morbidity and Subtypes of Severe Depression
Authors: Søren Dinesen Østergaard, Georgios Petrides, Peter Thisted Dinesen, Søren Skadhede, Per Bech, Povl Munk-Jørgensen, Jimmi Nielsen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Physical illness and depression are related, but the association between specific physical diseases and diagnostic subtypes of depression remains poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between a number of physical diseases and the nonpsychotic and psychotic subtype of severe depression. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This is a historical prospective cohort study. The study population consisted of all patients diagnosed with ICD-10 severe depression, either nonpsychotic or psychotic subtype, in Danish psychiatric hospitals between 1994 and 2008. The patients’ history of physical disease was assessed using the Danish National Patient Register. Using logistic regression it was investigated whether specific physical diseases were associated with relative increased risk for subsequent development of either the nonpsychotic or psychotic depressive subtype. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A total of 24,173 patients with severe depression were included in the study. Of those, 8,260 (34%) were of the psychotic subtype. A history of the following physical diseases, as opposed to their absence, increased the relative risk for subsequent development of the nonpsychotic compared to the psychotic depressive subtype [adjusted incidence odds ratio (AIOR) nonpsychotic vs. psychotic]: ischemic heart disease (AIOR = 1.3, p &lt; 0.001), hypertension (AIOR = 1.2, p = 0.008), stroke (AIOR = 1.2, p = 0.042) and chronic lower pulmonary disease (AIOR = 1.2, p = 0.005). The total load of physical disease also increased the relative risk of nonpsychotic depression [AIOR = 1.05 (per disease), p = 0.001]. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This study revealed that, in severe depression, a history of physical disease increased the relative risk of the nonpsychotic rather than the psychotic subtype.
Surgery of the Biliary Passages and the Pancreas
Authors: Gordon A. Donaldson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This book, presented here in English translation, is an outstanding contribution to the field of biliary-pancreatic surgery. Based on the author's personal experience with 1,654 operative cases, the text and illustrations are, in thoroughness and clarity of detail, a constant reminder of their Teuton background; and the translation by German-born and trained Heinrich Lamm, for the past 30 years a practicing surgeon in Texas, is so beautifully done that the reader remains wholly unaware that the book is in fact a translation. Dr. Hess is convinced that diseases of the biliary passages and of the pancreas cannot be considered or investigated independently of each other. In methodical fashion he reviews the anatomy with special attention to surgical anatomy, physiology, pathology, and clinical features of disease of the dual systems in turn. In particular, the author is impressed with the diagnostic value of intraoperative x-ray and emphasizes the added information gained
Epidemiological differences between adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia in the USA
Authors: H B El-Serag
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background and aims: It has been suggested that gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is a distinct entity from oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA). We examined several epidemiological features of GCA and OA in the USA to elucidate differences/similarities between these malignancies. Methods: Using the database of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, we examined incidence rates for temporal changes, and ethnic and age distributions, and performed birth cohort analyses for cases with morphologically and histologically confirmed OA or GCA. Results: The age adjusted incidence rates of OA rose progressively, reaching 1.8 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval 1.7–1.9) during 1987–1991 and 2.5 per 100 000 (2.3–2.6) during 1992–1996. In 1992–1996, Whites were affected five times more than Blacks, and men eight times more than women. A significant increase in incidence occurred among younger persons aged 45–65 years. Irrespective of age, OA was characterised by higher incidence rates among more recent birth cohorts: a 40% increase in incidence for each five year increase in the date of birth—a “birth cohort effect”. On the other hand, the incidence rates of GCA reached their highest level of 3.3 per 100 000 (3.2–3.4) in 1987–1991 and subsequently declined during 1992–1996 to 3.1 per 100 000 (3.0–3.3). Whites were affected twice more than blacks and men five times more than women. Most patients with GCA were older than 60 years with no increase among younger persons and no birth cohort effect (p=0.99). Conclusion: Several significant epidemiological differences exist between OA and GCA. These differences suggest that these two malignancies are separate entities with different risk factors.
Positional dyspnoea due to aneurysm of the thoracic aorta
Authors: GD Phillips, EE Smith, FJ Millard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Thoracic aortic aneurysms may produce breathlessness by compressing the tracheobronchial tree. We report a patient whose shortness of breath demonstrated a marked positional component, due to varying compression of her major airways by the lesion.
Focal Uptake of Tc-99m-MDP in Renal Metastases From Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: JOHN P. GERHOLD, WILLIAM C. KLINGENSMITH, SUSAN C. LOEFFEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

GERHOLD, JOHN P. M.D.; KLINGENSMITH, WILLIAM C. III M.D.; LOEFFEL, SUSAN C. M.D. Author Information
Book Review Cardiopulmonary Critical Care Edited by Thomas L. Higgins, Jay S. Steingrub, Robert M. Kacmarek, and James K. Stoller. 411 pp., illustrated. Oxford, England, BIOS Scientific, 2002. $84.95. 1-85996-237-8
Authors: M. Safwan Badr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
Increasing visibility of speed cameras might increase deaths and injuries on roads
Authors: P. Pilkington
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—In December 2001 the government announced changes to the colour and positioning of speed cameras.1 But what will the effect be on deaths and injuries caused by road traffic collisions related to speed? And where is the evidence for this change in policy?

Interventions to control speed seek to reduce both the likelihood and the severity of a collision. The setting of appropriate speed limits is a major strand of this preventive action, and speed cameras are one of the main methods of enforcing …
Victor Braham Goldman
Authors: J. Goldman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Lancing, Sussex (b Birmingham 1917; q Birmingham 1939), died from cerebral vascular disease on 20 August 2002.

In 1939 he volunteered for the Royal Army Medical Corps. He served in the British Expeditionary Force to France, in the Middle East, and in Italy, and completed six years in the military before professing that his main ambition was “to be a civilian.” On returning to Birmingham he joined his brother Eric in general practice in Erdington. He moved to Lancing in West Sussex in 1962, where he ran a large singlehanded practice until retirement at 65. He continued to work as a locum GP in the Worthing area and also trained in hypnosis. He leaves a wife; two sons; and two granddaughters.
An Outbreak of Food-Borne Illness Associated With Methomyl-Contaminated Salt
Authors: Udo Buchholz
Journal: JAMA (2002)

On January 5, 1999, the California Department of Health Services was notified of the repeated occurrence (December 21, 1998, and January 2, 1999) of gastrointestinal tract illness among patrons at a Thai restaurant in central California.To identify the source of the outbreak.Case-control study; microbiological and toxicological laboratory testing of samples of food, stool, and vomitus.Thai food restaurant in central California.Patrons of the restaurant. A case (n = 107) was defined as dizziness, nausea, or vomiting occurring in a person who ate at the restaurant between December 20, 1998, and January 2, 1999, with onset of symptoms within 2 hours of eating. A control (n = 169) was a person who ate at the restaurant during the same period but reported no symptoms.Odds ratios (ORs) of illness associated with food exposures; ORs of shifts during which illness occurred associated with certain cooks; laboratory results.The median latency period was 40 minutes from beginning eating to first symptom and was 2 hours to onset of diarrhea. The median duration of symptoms was 6 hours. Twenty-six persons (24%) visited the emergency department or were treated by a physician; no person required hospitalization. Patients reported nausea (95%), dizziness (72%), abdominal cramps (58%), headache (52%), vomiting (51%), chills (48%), and diarrhea (46%). Fifty-one cases (48%) included dizziness, lightheadedness, or a feeling of disequilibrium as the initial symptom. Illness was statistically associated with several foods and ingredients, but no single dish or ingredient explained a substantial number of cases. The analysis of food exposures included salt added by cooks, as estimated by using the amount of salt in the recipe for each dish and the amount of each dish eaten by respondents. This association was stronger with increasing levels of salt: ORs for illness among persons who consumed more than 0.42 to 0.84, more than 0.84 to 1.25, and more than 1.25 tsp of salt added to foods in the kitchen were 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-5.7), 3.0 (95% CI, 1.0-8.8), and 4.0 (95% CI, 1.3-13.5) compared with persons who consumed less than 0.42 tsp (P value for trend =.004). Methomyl, a highly toxic carbamate pesticide, was identified in a sample of vomitus (20 ppm) and in salt taken from containers in the storeroom (mean, 5600 ppm) and the stovetop (mean, 1425 ppm). The oral toxic dose causing illness in 50% of those exposed to methomyl was estimated to be 0.15 mg/kg of body weight (estimated range, 0.09-0.31 mg/kg of body weight). The presence of cook A was associated with shifts during which cases of illness occurred (OR, 10.4; 95% CI, 1.2-157.4).This outbreak of gastrointestinal illness was associated with the consumption of food seasoned with methomyl-contaminated salt. To allow rapid assessment for further investigational and control measures by health officials, physicians should report suspected outbreaks of illness to public health departments, however trivial the symptoms or cause may seem.
TINTED LENSES: THE PRESENT DEAL
Authors: W. W. COBLENTZ
Journal: JAMA (1934)

At the request of the Council on Physical Therapy, I have inquired into the recent production of tinted lenses and the advertising claims made for them. At the outset it may be stated that, while during the past two years there has been some improvement in the fairness of the claims made in the advertising literature, there is still a long way to go in the presentation of relevant facts as distinguished from unproved theories. It is a safe guess that these advertisements are not seen by many undiscriminating laymen but are read mainly by trained ophthalmologists. It would therefore be a sad reflection on the intelligence of such readers to assume that they accept the "ballyhoo" part of the advertising as proved facts of importance in their profession. Two years ago, when the advertising situation in connection with and preparatory to the presentation of data on the transmissive properties
Relation of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs to Serious Bleeding and Thromboembolism Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: Morten Lamberts, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Morten Lock Hansen, Jesper Lindhardsen, Jonas Bjerring Olesen, Jakob Raunsø, Anne-Marie Schjerning Olsen, Per Kragh Andersen, Thomas Alexander Gerds, Emil L. Fosbøl, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar H. Gislason
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are assumed to increase bleeding risk, but their actual relation to serious bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who are receiving antithrombotic medication is unknown.To investigate the risk for serious bleeding and thromboembolism associated with ongoing NSAID and antithrombotic therapy.Observational cohort study.Nationwide registries.Danish patients with AF hospitalized between 1997 and 2011.Absolute risk for serious bleeding and thromboembolism with ongoing NSAID and antithrombotic therapy, assessed by using Cox models.Of 150 900 patients with AF (median age, 75 years [interquartile range, 65 to 83 years]; 47% female), 53 732 (35.6%) were prescribed an NSAID during a median follow-up of 6.2 years (interquartile range, 2.1 to 14.0 years). There were 17 187 (11.4%) and 19 561 (13.0%) occurrences of serious bleeding and thromboembolism, respectively. At 3 months, the absolute risk for serious bleeding within 14 days of NSAID exposure was 3.5 events per 1000 patients compared with 1.5 events per 1000 patients without NSAID exposure. The risk difference was 1.9 events per 1000 patients. In patients selected for oral anticoagulant therapy, the absolute risk difference was 2.5 events per 1000 patients. Use of NSAIDs was associated with increased absolute risks for serious bleeding and thromboembolism across all antithrombotic regimens and NSAID types. An NSAID dosage above the recommended minimum was associated with a substantially increased hazard ratio for bleeding.Observational design and unmeasured confounders.Use of NSAIDs was associated with an independent risk for serious bleeding and thromboembolism in patients with AF. Short-term NSAID exposure was associated with increased bleeding risk. Physicians should exercise caution with NSAIDs in patients with AF.None.
Smoking Cessation and Risk of Stroke in Women-Reply
Authors: Ichiro Kawachi
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to Dr Chin's question, our data do not indicate a protective effect of an earlier age at starting to smoke on the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (<i>P</i>for linear trend in age-adjusted relative risk across categories of age at starting equals.20 among current smokers and.10 among former smokers). The apparent association referred to by Dr Chin is thus easily compatible with random statistical fluctuation. Drs Gocze and Laszik raise the issue of passive smoking. To our knowledge, the association between passive smoking and risk of stroke has not been established in epidemiologic studies. Similarly, there are no data on the relationship between job stress and risk of stroke. However, this deserves further study, and our group is currently investigating the contribution of job stress to cardiovascular disease in this cohort of nurses.
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) vFLIP oncoprotein induces B cell transdifferentiation and tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Gianna Ballon, Kang Chen, Rocio Perez, Wayne Tam, Ethel Cesarman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is specifically associated with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and 2 B cell lymphoproliferative diseases, namely primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). KS, PEL, and MCD are largely incurable and poorly understood diseases most common in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we have revealed the role of viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP) in the initiation of PEL and MCD by specifically expressing vFLIP at different stages of B cell differentiation in vivo. Mice showed MCD-like abnormalities and immunological defects including lack of germinal centers (GCs), impaired Ig class switching, and affinity maturation. In addition, they showed increased numbers of cells expressing cytoplasmic IgM-λ, a thus far enigmatic feature of the KSHV-infected cells in MCD. B cell–derived tumors arose at high incidence and displayed Ig gene rearrangement with downregulated expression of B cell–associated antigens, which are features of PEL. Interestingly, these tumors exhibited characteristics of transdifferentiation and acquired expression of histiocytic/dendritic cell markers. These results define immunological functions for vFLIP in vivo and reveal what we believe to be a novel viral-mediated tumorigenic mechanism involving B cell reprogramming. Additionally, the robust recapitulation of KSHV-associated diseases in mice provides a model to test inhibitors of vFLIP as potential anticancer agents.
The Significance of Abnormal Arterial Pulse Waves in Diabetic Children.
Authors: H. Lax
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961The Significance of Abnormal Arterial Pulse Waves in Diabetic Children.H. Lax, M.D., A. W. Feinberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.H. Lax, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. W. Feinberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1035_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe have previously reported abnormalities in the arterial pulse wave, recorded with a new cuff technic from the digits of human subjects, in adult patients with peripheral arteriosclerosis, with hypertension, or with diabetes mellitus. The major change noted is diminution to disappearance of the dicrotic segment of the arterial pulse wave.This abnormality has now been found in diabetic children. One hundred ninety-eight diabetic subjects between the ages of 11 and 20 were examined. One hundred twenty-seven (64%) had abnormal arterial pulse waves, although none had clinical evidence of arteriosclerosis or hypertension. Only 14 abnormal cases (7%) were found in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1035-1036KeywordsAdultsChildrenDiabetes mellitusHeart rateHypertension ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...