tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toward a More Natural Science: Biology and Human Affairs
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Leon Kass, physician-philosopher and student of the classics, has never lost his natural sense of awe and wonder. In discussing our deathdenying technologies he quotes Homer, and in musing on our care of dead bodies, he compares our practices with those of the ancient Persians (who would not permit a male body to be buried until it was torn by either a dog or a bird of prey). An avid bird watcher, he can write eloquently about the intricacy, ornateness, and exuberance of feathers. His quarry in this book is more formidable, and he approaches it with curiosity and respect—closing the gap between nature studied scientifically and life lived naturally. His quest is nothing less ambitious than reconstructing the science side of the split between the sciences and humanities by demonstrating how nature can teach us about ourselves and our place in the universe. Contemporary medical ethics is in danger
Clonal T- and natural killer-cell large granular lymphocyte proliferations in a single patient established by array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis
Authors: Y Sandberg, V O Dezentjé, K Szuhai, A J van Houte, D Tielemans, I L M Wolvers-Tettero, J J M van Dongen, R van der Griend, A W Langerak
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Thin-Needle Cholangiography
Authors: J. PINTO CORREIA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1977Thin-Needle CholangiographyJ. PINTO CORREIA, M.D., ERMELINDA CAMILO, M.D., A. GARGATÉ, M.D.J. PINTO CORREIA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ERMELINDA CAMILO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. GARGATÉ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-5-634_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: "Skinny"-needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography seems to come to age in the diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice. The recent paper by Pereiras and associates (1) shows admirable results in 131 patients. They certainly have the best published success in cases of intrahepatic cholestasis with nondilated ducts, 96% good visualization achieved with up to seven passes through the liver but no greater morbidity. We have used this procedure for the last 2 years in 150 cases, all with biochemical evidence of cholestasis. We follow the same technique of Okuda and colleagues (2) but can rarely withdraw bile through the needle,...References1. PEREIRAS R, CHIPRUT R, GREENWALD R, and SCHIFF E: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with the "skinny" needle. A rapid, simple, and accurate method in the diagnosis of cholestasis. Ann Intern Med 86:562-568, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. OKUDA K, TANIKAWA K, EMURA T, KURATOMI S, JINNOUCHI S, URABE K, SUMIKOSHI T, KANDA Y, FUKUYAMA Y, MUSHA H, MORI H, SHIMOKAWA Y, YAKUSHITI F, and MATSUURA Y: Nonsurgical, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography—diagnostic significance in medical problems of the liver. Am J Dig Dis 19:21-36, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. PINTO CORREIA, M.D.; ERMELINDA CAMILO, M.D.; A. GARGATÉ, M.D.Affiliations: Departments of Medicine and Radiology Medical School of Lisbon Lisbon 4 Portugal PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1977Volume 87, Issue 5 Page: 634-634 Keywords Bile Liver Morbidity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Role of Calcium in Angiotensin II-Mediated Aldosterone Secretion*
Authors: PAULA Q. BARRETT, WENDY B. BOLLAG, CARLOS M. ISALES, RICHARD T. MCCARTHY, HOWARD RASMUSSEN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1989)

THE synthesis and secretion of aldosterone by adrenal glomerulosa cells is under the control of three major stimulatory extracellular messengers: angiotensin II (Ang II), extracellular potassium (K+), and ACTH (1, 2). Although in certain species PTH (3), vasopressin (4, 5), and acetylcholine (6) also enhance the aldosterone secretory response, the universal physiological role of these agonists in vivo is not yet clear. In addition to stimulatory extracellular messengers, several hormones exert inhibitory effects. The most prominent of these is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), but in some species both dopamine and somatostatin also cause inhibition (7–9). The present discussion will focus on the role of calcium (Ca2+) in the acute (hours vs. days) regulation of aldosterone secretion by Ang II. Two traditional signaling pathways have been identified in the glomerulosa cell. The first is the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity with the consequent production of cAMP and the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases. ACTH and PTH activate this pathway. The second is the stimulation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) with the consequent production of inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) and membrane diacylglycerol (DAG) and the activation of protein kinase C. This sequence of events is initiated in response to Ang II, acetylcholine, and vasopressin. In contrast, antagonists of aldosterone secretion may act either by altering the production of stimulatory second messengers, or by inducing the production of their own second messengers, which in turn negatively modulate the activated secretory pathways. ANP may employ each of these modes of action.
Catheter-Deliverable Hydrogel Derived From Decellularized Ventricular Extracellular Matrix Increases Endogenous Cardiomyocytes and Preserves Cardiac Function Post-Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jennifer M. Singelyn, Priya Sundaramurthy, Todd D. Johnson, Pamela J. Schup-Magoffin, Diane P. Hu, Denver M. Faulk, Jean Wang, Kristine M. Mayle, Kendra Bartels, Michael Salvatore, Adam M. Kinsey, Anthony N. DeMaria, Nabil Dib, Karen L. Christman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Reply to R. Ferraldeschi et al
Authors: Vincent O. Dezentjé, Nico J.C. van Blijderveen, Hans Gelderblom, Hein Putter, Myrthe P.P. van Herk-Sukel, Mariel K. Casparie, Antoine C.G. Egberts, Johan W.R. Nortier, Henk-Jan Guchelaar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Osteosclerosis and Plasma Cell Leukemia
Authors: Thomas J. Degnan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a patient who presented with myelophthisic anemia, severe peripheral plasmacytosis developed as a terminal event. At autopsy, severe osteosclerosis and localized plasmacytomas were found. Osteosclerosis is an unusual accompaniment of the plasma cell dyscrasias, and the finding of it tends to discredit the diagnosis of myeloma. Recent studies, however, support the contention that osteosclerosis may occur in myeloma. We postulate that the osteosclerosis may well be a reflection of a myeloproliferative process involving various marrow elements at different times. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 77-year-old woman was first seen in January 1965 because of progressive weakness and anemia. On physical examination no abnormalities were detected except for pallor of the skin and mucous membranes. Laboratory examination revealed a hemoglobin level of 8.7 gm/100 ml, with normal white blood cell and platelet counts. The peripheral smear revealed the presence of teardrop forms, ovalocytes, and nucleated red blood
Adenocarcinoma of the Cecum Detection by Gallium Scintigraphy
Authors: JOE C. LEONARD, DONELLE E. S. COOK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Gallium-67 citrate is known to have less affinity for adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract than for squamous cell or lymphomatous malignancies. Localization, however, is nonspecific and inflammatory bowel lesions have been noted, although early localization (4-6 hours postinjection) is felt to favor an inflammatory process. This case demonstrates early uptake in a lesion that subsequently was shown to be an adenocarcinoma of the cecum.
Resuscitation by ambulance crews
Authors: A. M Mason
Journal: BMJ (1986)

haemoglobin concentration for maximising total oxygen transport should also be 80-120 g/l, and it is this notion that concers us.In our group of 40 patients with a mean haemoglobin concentration of 106 g/l the regression of oxyg transpo on haemoglobin was similarly positive at high and low
THE GROWTH AND DEATH OF TISSUE CULTURES EXPOSED TO SUPRANORMAL TEMPERATURES
Authors: Gregory Pincus, Albert Fischer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

In a study of the growth of chicken osteoblasts in cultures exposed to supranormal temperatures of 42 degrees C., 44 degrees C., 47 degrees C., 50 degrees C., and 52 degrees C., it has been observed that: 1. There is no lethal effect after prolonged exposures at 42 degrees C. and 44 degrees C. 2. Cultures are killed after an exposure of 105 minutes at 47 degrees C., of 6 minutes at 50 degrees C., and of 3.5 minutes at 52 degrees C. 3. A definite inhibition of growth occurs after different exposures at all temperatures from 44 degrees C. onwards (see Table I). 4. There is a latent period of approximately 24 hours before any discernible effect of sublethal or just lethal exposures; this latent period appears to be independent of the duration of the sublethal exposure and of the temperature. 5. The high temperature coefficients for lethal exposures and for exposures just sufficient to inhibit growth indicate an underlying "destructive" process in the cells of the culture.
History of Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Leukemia and Myeloma: Results From the Adventist Health Study
Authors: P. K. Mills, G. R. Newell, W. L. Beeson, G. E. Fraser, R. L. Phillips
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

The risks of leukemia and myeloma associated with cigarette smoking were evaluated in a cohort study of 34,000 Seventh-day Adventists. Although Seventh-day Adventists do not smoke by church proscription, many are adult converts who smoked cigarettes prior to their baptism into the church. In comparison with those who never smoked, ex-smokers experience a relative risk of 2.00 (95% confidence interval = 1.01–3.95) for leukemia and 3.01 (95% confidence interval = 1.13–8.05) for myeloma. Risks increased in a doseresponse fashion with increasing numbers of cigarettes smoked daily for both leukemia (trend P =.005) and myeloma (trend P=.005). Also, the risks of both leukemia and myeloma increased with the total duration of cigarette smoking. The cigarette smokingleukemia relationship was strongest for myeloid leukemia, for which ex-smokers experienced a relative risk of 2.24 (95% confidence interval = 0.915.53). These data lend support to the hypothesis that cigarette smoke may induce malignant degeneration in bone marrow and its products. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 1832–1836, 1990]
Ventilation inhomogeneity in 1-antitrypsin-deficient emphysema
Authors: L. Fregonese, H. P. A. A. van Veen, P. J. Sterk, J. Stolk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The slope of phase III of the single-breath nitrogen wash-out test (sbN 2 -test) measures ventilation inhomogeneity and, in smokers, is strongly associated with small airways pathology. The present authors aimed to study ventilation inhomogeneity in emphysema related to type Z α 1 -antitrypsin (AAT) and to assess its relationship with indices of parenchymal damage and airways obstruction. A total of 18 subjects, consisting of ex-smokers with type Z AAT and emphysema (confirmed by computed tomography scan), were studied in a cross-sectional design. Post-bronchodilation flow–volume curves and gas transfer parameters were measured; sbN 2 -test curves were obtained and the slope of phase III was determined. The mean value of the slope (4.6±1.3% N 2 ·L -1 ) was higher than reference values + 2sd ; it was significantly correlated with the transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (R = -0.75) and the transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide (R = −0.58), but not with airways obstruction. There was no correlation between phase III slope values and cumulative smoking. In patients with type Z α 1 -antitrypsin emphysema, the increased ventilation inhomogeneity predominantly reflects parenchymal abnormalities, demonstrating that measurement of airways obstruction is not sufficient to characterise the disease. Determination of the sensitivity of the single-breath nitrogen wash-out test slope in detecting disease progression may give complementary information to spirometry.
Longitudinal Decline in Measured Firefighter Single-Breath Diffusing Capacity of Carbon Monoxide Values
Authors: JEFFEREY L. BURGESS, C. ANDREW BRODKIN, WILLIAM E. DANIELL, GEORGE P. PAPPAS, MATTHEW C. KEIFER, BERT D. STOVER, STEVEN D. EDLAND, SCOTT BARNHART
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Seattle firefighters participate in a voluntary annual medical surveillance program including measurements of ventilatory capacity (FVC and FEV1) and single-breath diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (Dl CO). From 1989 to 1996, average % predicted Dl CO (Crapo) for all participating firefighters declined from 94.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.4% to 95.5%) to 87.3% (95% CI: 86.2% to 88.3%), with no significant change in average FVC or FEV1. A random-effects regression model based on data from 812 firefighters with at least two annual sets of Dl CO measurements showed the expected associations between Dl CO and age, height, gender, race, ventilatory capacity, and smoking. In addition, two important temporal changes were observed, including, for an average firefighter, a large mean decline in Dl CO of − 1.02 ml/min/mm Hg associated with year of measurement, and a relatively smaller decline of − 0.006 ml/min/mm Hg associated with number of fires fought. Although the stability of ventilatory capacity over time is reassuring, the marked temporal decline in diffusing capacity among this population of firefighters raises issues of concern. Interpretation of the observed decline poses a dilemma in terms of the reliability and efficacy of diffusing capacity as a screening tool, in whether Dl CO is subject to unacceptable technical variability or whether it might provide more sensitive detection of early adverse respiratory effects of smoke inhalation.
Prevention of self harm in adolescents
Authors: D. Brent
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The escape maneuvers of animals are key determinants of their survival. Consequently these maneuvers are under intense selection pressure. Current work indicates that a number of escape maneuver parameters contribute to survival including response latency, escape speed, and direction. This work has found that the relative importance of these parameters is context dependent, suggesting that interactions between escape maneuver parameters and the predatory context together determine the likelihood of escape success. However, it is unclear how escape maneuver parameters interact to contribute to escape success across different predatory contexts. To clarify these issues, we investigated the determinants of successful escape maneuvers by analyzing the responses of larval zebrafish to the attacks of dragonfly nymphs. We found that the strongest predictor of the outcome was the time needed for the nymph to reach the fish’s initial position at the onset of the attack, measured from the time that the fish initiates its escape response. We show how this result is related to the intersection of the swept volume of the nymph’s grasping organs with the volume containing all possible escape trajectories of the fish. By analyzing the intersection of these volumes, we compute the survival benefit of recruiting the Mauthner cell, a neuron in anamniotes devoted to producing escapes. We discuss how escape maneuver parameters interact in determining escape response. The intersection of motor volume approach provides a framework that unifies the influence of many escape maneuver parameters on the likelihood of survival.
Mortality From Myocardial Infarction in Roseto
Authors: Stewart Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To  Editor:—  Dr. Keys' article (p 93) challenges claims that were not made and he quotes inaccurately by shortening a sentence. The two communications from  Oklahoma group on which Dr. Keys bases his critical comments are concerned with  discovery of an intriguing and potentially important phenomenon, namely,  existence of a town in  United States where  death rate from myocardial infarction is less than half that of  surrounding communities. Dr. Keys has elected to challenge  significance of  data on arteriosclerotic heart disease as a whole. Although  differences do closely approach conventional significance limits by Dr. Keys's own calculation ( P =0.07), no claim was made about arteriosclerotic heart disease—only about death rates from myocardial infarction.  Dr. Keys's misleading criticism refers to the mere rarity of notations about infarction on  death records. Our report did not rely solely on  data of death
Is HIV Screening in the Labor and Delivery Unit Feasible and Acceptable in Low-Income Settings?
Authors: David D Celentano
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Despite the downward revision of the estimated national prevalence of HIV infection in India from 5.7 million to 2.5 million in UNAIDS' December 2007 report, the burden faced in providing national HIV prevention and care remains massive [1]. The National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) of India estimated that some 60% of cases of HIV infection are found in rural areas, where about half of India's citizens live [2]. In rural and urban areas, women of reproductive age are principally at risk for HIV acquisition through marriage—this risk reflects their husband's premarital behavior and sexual concurrency during marriage [3,4]. Therefore, NACO has focused on the expansion of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services to increase early case-finding, in large part through antenatal care in conjunction with the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV during labor and delivery [2].

What is the impact of these national policies on HIV testing during pregnancy in India? Sinha and colleagues found that out of a random sample of 400 recently pregnant women in rural Maharashtra State, where sentinel surveillance suggested an antenatal HIV rate of at least 1%, only 3.3% of women reported receiving VCT during pregnancy [5]. This exceptionally low rate of antenatal testing for HIV was attributed to two identified barriers: (1) lack of discussion of HIV testing by antenatal care providers; and (2) women's lack of awareness of HIV testing, including VCT. Interestingly, of the 13 participants reporting VCT during antenatal care, 12 received it through the private sector—thus, only one woman (in 400) reported receiving the Indian standard of care for HIV testing during pregnancy through a government clinic.

In this issue of PLoS Medicine, Nitika Pant Pai and colleagues evaluated the uptake of 24-hour rapid HIV testing of women in a labor and delivery center in a rural, tertiary teaching hospital in Sevagram, Maharashtra State, India [6]. The research team wanted to determine if offering round-the-clock rapid HIV testing would be feasible, lead to increased uptake of testing, and identify women in labor who could be provided optimal PMTCT.

Linked Research Article
This Perspective discusses the following new study published in PLoS Medicine:

Pai NPP, Barick R, Tulsky JP, Shivkumar PV, Cohan D, et al. (2008) Impact of round-the-clock, rapid oral fluid HIV testing of women in labor in rural India. PLoS Med 5(5): e92. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050092

Nitika Pant Pai and colleagues report the results of offering a round-the-clock rapid HIV testing program in a rural labor ward setting in India.
Phylogenetic evidence for horizontal transmission of Wolbachia in host- parasitoid associations
Authors: F. Vavre, F. Fleury, D. Lepetit, P. Fouillet, M. Bouletreau
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Endosymbiotic Wolbachia infect a number of arthropod species in which they can affect the reproductive system. While maternally transmitted, unlike mitochondria their molecular phylogeny does not parallel that of their hosts. This strongly suggests horizontal transmission among species, the mechanisms of which remain unknown. Such transfers require intimate between-species relationships, and thus host-parasite associations are outstandingly appropriate for study. Here, we demonstrate that hymenopteran parasitoids of frugivorous Drosophila species are especially susceptible to Wolbachia infection. Of the five common European species, four proved to be infected; furthermore, multiple infections are common, with one species being doubly infected and two triply infected (first report). Phylogenetic statuses of the Wolbachia infecting the different species of the community have been studied using the gene wsp, a highly variable gene recently described. This study reveals exciting similarities between the Wolbachia variants found in parasitoids and their hosts. These arguments strongly support the hypothesis of frequent natural Wolbachia transfers into other species and open a new field for genetic exchanges among species, especially in host-parasitoid associations.
Familial Emphysema and Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Richard C. Talamo, John B. Blennerhassett, K. Frank Austen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

PULMONARY emphysema, originally described by Laennec1 in 1819, is a disease usually characterized by persistent airway obstruction, with an onset in the fifth or sixth decade of life. Males are affected four to twenty times as often as females,2 and chronic bronchitis frequently antedates the onset by several years.A review of the recent literature suggests that a different and characteristic clinical picture may be found in a significant number of cases of familial occurrence of emphysema. The most distinctive clinical features of familial emphysema include: familial incidence; onset at an unusually early age; a higher than expected incidence of . . .
Reduction of sperm motility in a male laboratory worker exposed to solvents: a case study.
Authors: H Y Chang, Y M Lin, P C Hsu, Y L Guo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

A 34-year-old male laboratory worker suffered from asthenospermia and fertility problems. He was suspected of having been exposed to solvents used at work due to a malfunction of the ventilation system in his laboratory from August 1996 to April 1997. A laboratory walk-through and air and bulk sample collection were performed to determine the possible exposure levels of chemical hazards in his job. The scenario was reconstructed to simulate the worker's previous exposure during the ventilation shutdown period. It was found that the worker was possibly exposed to chloroform at levels of 10 or 50 times higher than the permissible exposure limit or the threshold limit value of 2 hr/day, 5.5 days/week, and 4.25 weeks/month for 8 months. Because chloroform is known to be spermatotoxic, the possibility of chloroform causing the worker's asthenospermia cannot be ruled out. Further study on spermatotoxicity of chloroform is warranted.
ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF HLA-DR ANTIGENS ON BILEDUCT EPITHELIUM IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS: RELEVANCE TO PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Giorgio Ballardini, FrancescoB. Bianchi, Deborah Doniach, Rita Mirakian, Emilio Pisi, GianFranco Bottazzo
Journal: The Lancet (1984)