tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF FACTORIAL ANALYSIS AND FOURIER ANALYSIS IN A TWO-COMPARTMENT MODEL
Authors: J. C. Maublant, I. Mena
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Factorial analysis (FACT.A.) has been proposed for the separation of overlapping compartments presenting different time-activity curves (TAC) of any shape. We compared FACT. A. with Fourier analysis (FOUR.A.) in a two-compartment model in order to determine which one would be better adaptated for separating the left ventricle and atrium in cardiac studies. Both methods were applied to a series of 16 frames simulating an acquisition over a radioactive box divided into two compartments with a separation which could be placed in any position. The TACs of both compartments were different and were either a series of randomly generated numbers or a sine function. Noise could be added to the series of frames before analysis. It was found that FOUR.A. could indicate the area of overlap of the two compartments but could not separate them. FACT.A. always provided a perfect separation when the overlap was only partial. The shape of the TAC reconstructed by FACT.A. was distorted when the overlap was total. In these conditions the shape of the TAC was affected by the amplitude of the original TAC and by the thickness of the overlapping compartment. FACT.A. was not affected by the utilization of a sine function or of a random curve while FOUR.A. was less accurate with a random curve. The results were not significantly affected by the addition of noise on the original frames. It is concluded that FACT.A. is much more effective than FOUR.A. for separating two compartments and that it should be more suitable for separating the ventricle and atrium in scintigraphy.
Cardiac Rupture during Myocardial Infarction
Authors: FARAMARZ NAEIM, LUIS M. DE LA MAZA, STANLEY L. ROBBINS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Forty-four cases of myocardial infarction with cardiac rupture, 88 cases of unruptured myocardial infarction, and 88 cases without myocardial infarction were studied retrospectively. The incidence of cardiac rupture in cases with acute myocardial infarction alone was 5.5% while in hearts having both healed and acute myocardial infarction the incidence was 2.3%. One instance of cardiac rupture was encountered in a heart having only a healed myocardial infarction with subsequent aneurysmal dilation of the healed infarct. Although females represented only 37% of the population having acute myocardial infarction in this institution, they accounted for 55% of the cases of cardiac rupture. On the average the hearts which ruptured following myocardial infarction were lighter and thinner than in the control group of patients having infarction without rupture. Among the clinical correlates possibly associated with postinfarction rupture the most significant finding in the present study is the presence of postinfarction hypertension. In the group of cases with cardiac rupture this was present in 40% while in the control group not having suffered cardiac rupture the comparable figure was 14%. A history of diabetes was found in 18% of the cases of myocardial infarction not having suffered cardiac rupture. A similar history was found in only 9% of the cases having a postinfarction cardiac rupture. This latter incidence is identical with the frequency of diabetes mellitus in the general autopsy population. There is a suggestion that early and severe atherosclerosis may cause earlier heart disease and when infarction occurs provide some protection against rupture. Of interest among the 44 cases of cardiac rupture, none of the patients had cirrhosis, in striking contrast to the 11% incidence of this condition in our general autopsy population.
1029 COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF THE EASL 2009 CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IN FRANCE, ITALY, PORTUGAL, SPAIN, TURKEY AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: D.J. Vanness, C. Singfield, I.A. Joseph, F. van Nooten, K. Agarwal, M. Buti, Y. Çakaloğlu, R.T. Marinho, J.P. Zarski, S. Hartz, E. De Cock, N. Revankar, M. Raluy, E. Hutt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Recurrent Staphylococcal Abscesses Associated with Defective Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: HARRY R. HILL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Four patients with recurrent staphylococcal furunculosis and deep abscess formation were evaluated to determine if a defect in the host defense mechanism could account for the unusual incidence of infection. Each also suffered repeated allergic rhinitis, often preceding the onset of infection. A marked defect in neutrophil granulocyte chemotaxis occurred when the patients were symptomatic with rhinitis and abscess formation. Their mean chemotactic index (± SD) was 16 ± 6, while that of 25 control subjects was 70 ± 11. Neutrophil random migration, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and lymphocyte T-cell populations were normal, as were serum concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE. Serial neutrophil function tests revealed normal chemotactic responsiveness when the patients were symptom-free of allergic rhinitis and no longer having abscesses. Abnormal function returned, however, when symptoms recurred. These studies suggest that defective neutrophil function associated with allergic phenomena need not be accompanied by hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Such defects may be intermittent, appearing when allergic symptomatology and infections develop.
Systemic Fungus Infection and Liver Disease
Authors: John Bolton, Jane Fiscus, Charles E. Mengel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A considerable portion of recent literature on fungus infections has dealt with the predisposing roles of underlying lymphoproliferative disease, chronic illness in general, and adrenocorticosteroid and antibiotic therapy. We have seen three patients recently in whom systemic fungus infection occurred in the setting of relatively asymptomatic alcoholic cirrhosis (two with cryptococcosis, one with blastomycosis). These observations raised the suspicion that this association might be more than coincidental, despite scant mention of such a relationship in the literature. Charts of 100 patients with systemic fungus infection (including cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and aspergillosis), documented by positive cultures between 1933 and 1961 at Duke University Medical Center, were then reviewed, disclosing two additional patients with evidence of underlying hepatic disease. Both were seen relatively recently (1960); no similar cases were noted prior to that time. The first of these was a 52-year-old white female alcoholic who died with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Disease
Authors: Reginald Greene
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This text is designed as an introduction to clinical evaluation of respiratory tract disease for students of respiratory therapy. The outline style and didactic form facilitate the answering of self-assessment questions at the end of each chapter.  The first chapter contains an introduction to normal anatomy and classic aspects of normal respiratory tract physiology. The extensive use of line drawings helps to clarify more complex aspects of mechanics, gas exchange, and the control of ventilation.  Subsequent chapters deal with the clinical manifestations of assorted respiratory tract disorders. The selection of disease topics for these chapters seems to be somewhat arbitrary and unbalanced. Asbestosis and flail chest, for instance, are treated as separate chapters, but the more generic topics of pulmonary fibrosis and chest trauma are not discussed. Most of the clinical topics are dealt with superficially.  Although the text is greatly aided by diagrams, there are too many unnecessary duplications.
Contemporary castration: why the modern day eunuch remains invisible
Authors: R. J. Wassersug, T. Lieberman
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Let’s study emasculation. No, we don’t mean the loss of political power. That’s a metaphorical sense. We mean the real thing: the removal or chemical destruction of a man’s testes. And here we refer not to the manufacturing of courtiers in Constantinople, nor to the construction of a caste of opera singers, but to modern day emasculations.

Although to many people castration signifies a barbarism that disappeared with the demise of the Ottoman empire, the Chinese dynasties, and the castrati movement in European music, there are surely more men living with removed or functionally arrested testes today than at any other time in history. A minority either identify as women and have sex reassignment surgery or sought castration simply to suppress their libidos.1 2 By far the majority, though, are prostate cancer patients, and it’s this group that we focus on here.

Chemically shutting down or surgically removing the main source of testosterone—the testes—can slow the spread of prostate cancer. Castration, of course, has extensive side effects.3 A castrated adult male will lose muscle but gain fat.4 He can expect hot flushes like those that women have at menopause.5 He will lose body hair, …
Severity of cholestasis and advanced histological stage but not menopausal status are the major risk factors for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Núria Guañabens, Albert Parés, Inmaculada Ros, Llorenç Caballería, Francesca Pons, Sergi Vidal, Ana Monegal, Pilar Peris, Juan Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Selection of a Suitable Patient Population for New Antiplatelet Therapy From the Large Clinical Trial Database of the Thrombin Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 50 (TRA-2P–TIMI50) Trial
Authors: Shinichi Goto, Shinya Goto
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Abstract 1330: p27 suppresses arsenite-induced Hsp27/Hsp70 expressions through inhibiting JNK2/c-Jun- and HSF-1-dependent pathways
Authors: Dongyun Zhang, Jinyi Liu, Yonghui Yu, Zhenghong Zuo, Wei Guo, Xuewei Zhao, Jingxia Li, Yu Hu, Wancai Yang, Xianglin Shi, Chuanshu Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract p27 is an atypical tumor suppressor, which can regulate the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and G0 to S phase transitions. More recent studies reveal that p27 may also exhibit its tumor suppressive function through regulating many other essential cellular events. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these anti-cancer effects of p27 are largely unknown. In current studies, we found that depletion of p27 expression by either gene knockout or knockdown approaches resulted in upregulation of both Hsp27 and Hsp70 expressions at mRNA and promoter-derived transcription as well as protein levels upon arsenite exposure, indicating that p27 provided a negative signaling for regulating the expressions of Hsp27 and Hsp70. Consistently, arsenite-induced activation of JNK2/c-Jun and HSF-1 pathways was also markedly elevated in p27 knockout (p27-/-) and knockdown (shRNA p27) cells. Moreover, interfering the expression or function of JNK2, c-Jun and HSF-1, but not JNK1, led to dramatic inhibition of arsenite-induced Hsp27 and Hsp70 expressions. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that p27 suppressed Hsp27 and Hsp70 expressions at transcriptional level specifically through JNK2/c-Jun- and HSF-1-dependent pathways upon arsenite exposure, which provided additional important molecular mechanism for the tumor suppressive function of p27. Key words: Arsenite, p27, Hsp27, and Hsp70 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1330. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1330
Permanent Leadless Cardiac Pacing
Authors: Vivek Y. Reddy, Reinoud E. Knops, Johannes Sperzel, Marc A. Miller, Jan Petru, Jaroslav Simon, Lucie Sediva, Joris R. de Groot, Fleur V.Y. Tjong, Peter Jacobson, Alan Ostrosff, Srinivas R. Dukkipati, Jacob S. Koruth, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Josef Kautzner, Petr Neuzil
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Conventional cardiac pacemakers are associated with several potential short- and long-term complications related to either the transvenous lead or subcutaneous pulse generator. We tested the safety and clinical performance of a novel, completely self-contained leadless cardiac pacemaker.The primary safety end point was freedom from complications at 90 days. Secondary performance end points included implant success rate, implant time, and measures of device performance (pacing/sensing thresholds and rate-responsive performance). The mean age of the patient cohort (n=33) was 77±8 years, and 67% of the patients were male (n=22/33). The most common indication for cardiac pacing was permanent atrial fibrillation with atrioventricular block (n=22, 67%). The implant success rate was 97% (n=32). Five patients (15%) required the use of >1 leadless cardiac pacemaker during the procedure. One patient developed right ventricular perforation and cardiac tamponade during the implant procedure, and eventually died as the result of a stroke. The overall complication-free rate was 94% (31/33). After 3 months of follow-up, the measures of pacing performance (sensing, impedance, and pacing threshold) either improved or were stable within the accepted range.In a prospective nonrandomized study, a completely self-contained, single-chamber leadless cardiac pacemaker has shown to be safe and feasible. The absence of a transvenous lead and subcutaneous pulse generator could represent a paradigm shift in cardiac pacing.http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01700244.
Myocardial Phosphocreatine-to-ATP Ratio Is a Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Stefan Neubauer, Michael Horn, Monika Cramer, Kerstin Harre, John B. Newell, Werner Peters, Thomas Pabst, Georg Ertl, Dietbert Hahn, Joanne S. Ingwall, Kurt Kochsiek
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In patients with heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac energy metabolism is impaired, as indicated by a reduction of the myocardial phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio, measured noninvasively by 31 P-MR spectroscopy. The purpose of this study was to test whether the phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio also offers prognostic information in terms of mortality prediction as well as how this index compares with well-known mortality predictors such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. Methods and Results Thirty-nine patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were followed up for 928±85 days (2.5 years). At study entry, LVEF and NYHA class were determined, and the cardiac phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio was measured by localized 31 P-MR spectroscopy of the anterior myocardium. During the study period, total mortality was 26%. Patients were divided into two groups, one with a normal phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio (&gt;1.60; mean±SE, 1.98±0.07; n=19; healthy volunteers: 1.94±0.11, n=30) and one with a reduced phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio (&lt;1.60; 1.30±0.05; n=20). At reevaluation (mean, 2.5 years), 8 of 20 patients with reduced phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratios had died, all of cardiovascular causes (total and cardiovascular mortality, 40%). Of the 19 patients with normal phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratios, 2 had died (total mortality, 11%), one of cardiovascular causes (cardiovascular mortality, 5%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly reduced total ( P =.036) and cardiovascular ( P =.016) mortality for patients with normal versus patients with low phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratios. A Cox model for multivariate analysis showed that the phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio and NYHA class offered significant independent prognostic information on cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions The myocardial phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio, measured noninvasively with 31 P-MR spectroscopy, is a predictor of both total and cardiovascular mortality in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HUMAN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Albert B. Sabin, Robert Ward
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

Studies on the elimination of virus in human paralytic poliomyelitis during the first 2 weeks of the disease, revealed the following:- 1. The nasal (not nasopharyngeal) secretions collected from 22 patients on cotton plugs over a period of 3 days and the saliva and oral secretions expectorated during a similar period by 20 patients failed to yield virus. 2. In 10 of the patients whose secretions (nasal, oral, or both) were investigated, virus was isolated from single specimens of the lower intestinal contents. 3. No virus was found in large amounts of urine (up to 200 cc.) obtained from 12 patients, 6 of whom had paralysis of the bladder. 4. In the present tests virus was found 4 times more often in the stools of patients under 8 years of age (64 per cent of 11 cases) than in older individuals (17 per cent of 12 cases). This difference was found to obtain when our data were combined with those which could justifiably be selected from the literature, the total figures indicating that virus has been isolated from 50 per cent of 58 children under 8 years of age and from 12 per cent of 60 older individuals. 5. No support was found for the hypothesis that poliomyelitis virus in the stools originates from swallowed nasal secretions and saliva or oral secretions.
Needle Biopsy in Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Russell Scott
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Carcinoma of the prostate has become a major clinical problem because of the increased number of the population in the older age group. At the present time, carcinoma of the prostate is the second largest cause of death from cancer among male patients. In a recent study done by our division of urology, serial sections were made of the prostate in an effort to determine the incidence of this disease. It was found that performing serial sections doubled the number of cases of carcinoma found as compared to "routine" autopsy sections. It was also found that the incidence of carcinoma of the prostate in patients 70 to 80 years of age was 41%. In patients over 80, the incidence was 56%. It has been shown conclusively that routine yearly rectal examination will markedly increase the number of patients with carcinoma who can be diagnosed at a time when their disease
Principles of Medical Treatment.
Authors: George Cheever Shattuck
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allergy in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis
Authors: S. Savolainen
Journal: Allergy (1989)

The occurrence of allergy was studied in 224 patients with verified acute maxillary sinusitis by means of an allergy questionnaire, skin testing, and nasal smears. Allergy was found in 56 patients (25%). In addition, allergy was considered probable in 14 patients (6.5%). The corresponding percentages in the control group were 16.5 and 3, respectively. The difference is statistically significant P less than 0.05). However, the frequency of allergy is lower in the present series than in those previously reported on chronic sinusitis. There were no differences between allergic and non-allergic patients in the number of prior acute sinusitis episodes or of previously performed sinus irrigations. Bacteriological and radiological findings did not differ significantly between the groups.
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 protein physically associates with the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR
Authors: Abujiang Pataer, Stephan A. Vorburger, Sunil Chada, Siddharth Balachandran, Glen N. Barber, Jack A. Roth, Kelly K. Hunt, Stephen G. Swisher
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We previously reported that adenoviral-mediated overexpression of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (Ad-mda7; approved gene symbol IL24) leads to the rapid induction of PKR and activation of its downstream targets, resulting in apoptosis induction in human lung cancer cells. To evaluate the mechanism by which Ad-mda7 activates PKR, we studied the interaction between MDA-7 and PKR proteins. Following Ad-mda7 transduction of lung cancer cells, intracellular and extracellular MDA-7 protein was generated, leading to dose- and time-dependent PKR induction. Purified MDA-7 protein administered extracellularly did not induce PKR or apoptosis, suggesting that Ad-mda7-mediated PKR activation and apoptosis were not dependent on extracellular MDA-7 protein. Following Ad-mda7 transduction, RT-PCR demonstrated no increase in PKR mRNA levels despite increased levels of PKR protein, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation of PKR by MDA-7. Immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that MDA-7 protein physically interacts with PKR. Transduction of PKR+/+ and PKR−/− transformed MEFs with Ad-mda7 demonstrated phosphorylated MDA-7 and PKR proteins in the lysates of PKR+/+ but not PKR−/− cells. These findings identify the first binding partner for MDA-7 and suggest that direct interaction between PKR and MDA-7 may be important for PKR activation and apoptosis induction, possibly through MDA-7 phosphorylation or activation of other downstream targets.
Clinical, Genetic, and Biophysical Characterization of <i>SCN5A</i> Mutations Associated With Atrioventricular Conduction Block
Authors: Dao W. Wang, Prakash C. Viswanathan, Jeffrey R. Balser, Alfred L. George, D. Woodrow Benson
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Three distinct cardiac arrhythmia disorders, the long-QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and conduction system disease, have been associated with heterozygous mutations in the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit gene ( SCN5A ). We present clinical, genetic, and biophysical features of 2 new SCN5A mutations that result in atrioventricular (AV) conduction block. Methods and Results — SCN5A was used as a candidate gene in 2 children with AV block. Molecular genetic studies revealed G to A transition mutations that resulted in the substitution of serine for glycine (G298S) in the domain I S5-S6 loop and asparagine for aspartic acid (D1595N) within the S3 segment of domain IV. The functional consequences of G298S and D1595N were assessed by whole-cell patch clamp recording of recombinant mutant channels coexpressed with the β1 subunit in a cultured cell line (tsA201). Both mutations impair fast inactivation but do not exhibit sustained non-inactivating currents. The mutations also reduce sodium current density and enhance slower inactivation components. Action potential simulations predict that this combination of biophysical abnormalities will significantly slow myocardial conduction velocity. Conclusions — A distinct pattern of biophysical abnormalities not previously observed for any other SCN5A mutant have been recognized in association with AV block. These data provide insight into the distinct clinical phenotypes resulting from mutation of a single ion channel.