tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interaction between thromboxane A2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in human coronary arteries.
Authors: A H Chester, S P Allen, S Tadjkarimi, M H Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Platelets release two powerful vasoconstrictors--thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Animal studies have suggested that these two substances may act in a synergistic fashion to stimulate platelet activity and smooth muscle vasoconstriction.To assess the interaction between TXA2 and 5-HT at the individual 5-HT receptor subtypes reported to mediate contraction, the effect of the amine was determined in the presence of differing concentrations of the thromboxane mimetic U46619. A total of 168 vessel segments were removed from 20 recipient hearts of patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. Segments were set up in isolated organ baths and tested for their response to 5-HT in the presence of an EC10, EC30, or EC50 concentration of U46619 (n = 4). A synergistic response was only seen in a small number of the segments tested under these conditions. However, in the presence of ketanserin (10(-6) M) to block 5-HT2 receptors, there was a significant increase in the response to 10(-6) M 5-HT in the presence of both the EC30 (p < 0.025) and EC50 (p < 0.05) concentrations of U46619 (n = 4). The potentiation of non-5-HT2 receptor mediated responses to 5-HT, in the presence of U46619 (EC30), could be prevented by 10(-7) M methiothepin, a nonselective 5-HT1-like/5-HT2 receptor antagonist.These data indicate that TXA2 receptor activation can increase the response of 5-HT mediated by 5-HT1-like receptors in human coronary arteries. 5-HT1-like receptors have been shown to mediate the contractile effect of 5-HT in patients with variant and chronic stable angina. Thus, platelet contents may act together at specific receptor subtypes in the induction of myocardial ischemia.
CALCIFICATION OF THE BREAST FOLLOWING A TYPHOID ABSCESS
Authors: W. S. Thayer, H. H. Hazen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1907)

1. In a patient with typhoid fever, who had taken, during eleven days, 132 grammes of lactate of calcium by the mouth, as well as 5 grammes of chloride of calcium subcutaneously, there developed, eleven days after the subcutaneous infusion, a large abscess of the breast from which Bacillus typhosus and Staphylococcus aureus were obtained on culture. The abscess was opened and the wound packed with iodoform gauze. Eleven days later a deposit of calcium appeared in the granulation tissue bordering the wound. This rapidly increased until the rim of the opening and the lining granulation tissue were converted into a hard, calcareous mass. A number of nodules of an apparently similar character appeared in other parts of the breast. 2. A month later the iodoform packing was removed and the patient was put on a carbohydrate free diet. This was continued for twenty-four of the next thirty-six days. Under this treatment the abscess almost entirely healed with complete disappearance of the deposit of calcium. 3. Studies of the intake and output of calcium showed that, during three days under a diet of milk and eggs there was a material calcium retention ((I).346 grammes) : (b) That during two periods amounting to three weeks in all, under a carbohydrate free diet, there was an excess of Ca elimination over the intake of 3.672 grammes, (c) That during ten days following the last carbohydrate free period, under a normal diet, there was a retention of calcium amounting to 0.602 gramme. 4. The disappearance of calcium from the breast was associated in time with the carbohydrate free diet and the excessive elimination of calcium. 3. Under the carbohydrate free diet acetone and diacetic acid appeared on two occasions in the urine, but were not accompanied by any increase in the elimination of calcium. 6. With regard to the cause of the calcification, we cannot speak with certainty. The remarkable association of the deposition of calcium at the seat of an injection of calcium chloride in an individual who had been receiving large quantities of lactate of calcium by the mouth-a deposition occurring in tissues which were in direct connection with or in the immediate neighborhood of a dressing containing iodoform, a poison which in certain animals produces degenerative changes in the kidneys and liver which are peculiarly prone to calcification, is striking and worthy of note. 7. In how far the decalcification of the affected area may have been due to the carbohydrate free regime with the consequent excess in calcium elimination, it is impossible, on the basis of a single case, to say. The coincidence in time of the disappearance of calcium from the breast with this treatment is, however, remarkable and extremely suggestive.
The role of humic substances in drinking water in Kashin-Beck disease in China.
Authors: A Peng, W H Wang, C X Wang, Z J Wang, H F Rui, W Z Wang, Z W Yang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We conducted in vitro and in vivo assays in a selenium-deficient system to determine if organic matter (mainly fulvic acid; FA) is involved in a free radical mechanism of action for Kashin-Beck disease. Cartilage cell culture experiments indicated that the oxy or hydroxy functional groups in FA may interfere with the cell membrane and result in enhancement of lipid peroxidation. Experiments with rats demonstrated that toxicity from FA was reduced when the hydroxy group was blocked. Induction of lipid peroxidation by FA in liver and blood of rats was similar to that exhibited by acetyl phenyl hydrazine. FA accumulated in bone and cartilage, where selenium rarely concentrates. In addition, selenium supplementation in rats' drinking water inhibited the generation of oxy-free radicals in bone. We hypothesized that FA in drinking water is an etiological factor of Kashin-Beck disease and that the mechanism of action involves the oxy and hydroxy groups in FA for the generation of free radicals. Selenium was confirmed to be a preventive factor for Kashin-Beck disease.
Plants of the Gods: Origins of Hallucinogenic Use
Authors: Barry Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Any attempt to relate anthropological, botanical, medical, chemical, historical, and geographic information about 91 hallucinogenic plants in 192 pages of text, with an equal number of photographs, maps, and art reproductions, is bound to be unsatisfying, if not unsettling. This book, which makes such an attempt, is divided into nine sections of unequal length. The first is a short, general introduction to hallucinogenic plants with an emphasis on the botanical nomenclature of plants. The second section, on phytochemical research, is much too brief, scattered, and elementary. The third section, on the geographic distribution of hallucinogenic plants, has a useful map showing the types and distribution of these plants. Sections 4 and 5, which constitute the bulk of the book, list 91 plants with the scientific and common name of each, a physical description, information concerning where, when, and by which cultures the plant is used, the psychoactive hallucinogenic chemical (if
Screening for carcinoma of the prostate by digital rectal examination in a randomly selected population.
Authors: K V Pedersen, P Carlsson, E Varenhorst, O Löfman, K Berglund
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To study the acceptability, costs, psychosocial consequences, and organisation of screening for carcinoma of the prostate.A randomly selected population was personally invited for digital rectal examination by a urologist and a general practitioner. Further examinations were performed if induration was felt. Each man completed a questionnaire on his response to the examination.General practices in the area of Norrköping.1494 Men aged 50-69 randomly selected from a population of 9026.Prostates having a firm nodular consistency.Carcinoma of the prostate was suspected in 45 of 1163 patients examined; in 10 by the general practitioners, in 10 by the urologists, and in 25 by both. Forty four men had a fine needle aspiration biopsy, and carcinomas were found in 13 cases. Of these, one had been suspected by the general practitioner, four by urologists, and eight by both. The cost for each man was 11.60 pounds, and the cost for each case of carcinoma detected and treated by potentially curative methods was 2477 pounds. Of the 13 men with carcinoma, 10 underwent radical prostatectomy and one radiotherapy. One man had advanced disease and was given endocrine treatment, another was not treated. Only 193 men felt distress during the initial examination. Of the 44 men who had an aspiration biopsy, 25 experienced anxiety.Screening for carcinoma of the prostate by a urologist or a general practitioner using digital rectal examination is a cost effective method of early diagnosis. Whether such screening leads to prolonged survival, however, remains doubtful.
Intraperitoneal Cisplatin with Systemic Thiosulfate Protection
Authors: STEPHEN B. HOWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Seventeen patients with intraperitoneal tumors were treated by 4-hour intraperitoneal dialysis with cisplatin alone, or in combination with an intravenous neutralizing agent, sodium thiosulfate. Cisplatin alone, 90 mg/m2 body surface area intraperitoneally, produced nephrotoxicity. When intraperitoneal cisplatin therapy was combined with intravenous thiosulfate treatment, the dose of cisplatin could be escalated to 270 mg/m2 body surface area without causing an increase in serum creatinine levels or undue myelosuppression. Even at doses up to 270 mg/m2, no local toxicity occurred. The peak peritoneal concentration of free reactive cisplatin averaged 21-fold higher than the plasma level, and the area under the peritoneal cisplatin elimination curve averaged 12-fold more than the area under the plasma curve. Neither of these ratios varied significantly with cisplatin dose. Regression of intraperitoneal tumor masses was observed in patients with far-advanced ovarian carcinoma, mesothelioma, and malignant carcinoid.
US tobacco firms agree to $369bn deal
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Aim</h3> To investigate keratopigmentation (KTP) with new mineral micronised pigments as a surgical alternative to improve cosmetic appearance in severely impaired eyes. <h3>Methods</h3> 40 eyes underwent KTP alternatively to invasive cosmetic reconstructive surgery. Corneal staining with mineral micronised pigments was performed using an intralamellar or superficial technique. <h3>Results</h3> One year postoperatively, all but two patients (95%) were satisfied. Pigmented eyes were improving patient9s appearance. Eight cases needed a second KTP. Two patients with preoperative corneal oedema did not obtain an adequate cosmetic appearance due to progressive pigment clearance observed from 6 months postoperatively. Three eyes with traumatic aniridia observed good cosmetic outcome and a significant reduction in glare. <h3>Conclusions</h3> KTP achieves good cosmetic results and is associated with high patient satisfaction, avoiding extensive and mutilating reconstructive surgery.
FACULTY OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
Authors: J. Aitken
Journal: BMJ (1853)

OBJECTIVE: To test whether baseline data from a randomised clinical trial are predictive of initiation of tobacco use over a two-year follow-up interval, and to discuss results in the context of a theoretical model. DESIGN: Secondary, non-experimental analyses of data collected from a prospective cluster-randomised clinical trial comparing an intervention with a control condition for reduction of tobacco incidence rates. Orthodontic offices in southern California were recruited and randomised to an experimental or control group. Patient participants were sampled within each office, and completed a short survey, repeated two years later. SUBJECTS: 13,923 patients, 11-18 years of age, randomly sampled from each office. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ability of baseline data to predict initiation of tobacco use over the two-year follow-up interval was tested through a series of logistic regression models. Significant predictors and their interactions were identified in fixed-effects models, and verified in a mixed-effects logistic regression model to account for cluster randomisation. RESULTS: Clinician advice against tobacco use was associated with a lower rate of tobacco use initiation among young people whose peer group considered smoking socially desirable. Rates of initiation increased with age, but this association differed by gender and by whether the adolescent had been offered tobacco within 30 days prior to the baseline assessment. People from minority groups were less likely to initiate tobacco use than whites, and young people engaging in other risk practices were more likely to initiate tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support predictions based on learning theory that social processes are critical in the development of health-risk behaviours. Future preventive efforts should target changing the density with which young people encounter pro- and anti-tobacco prompts and consequences in the community.
Data protection, informed consent, and research
Authors: Julian Peto, Olivia Fletcher, Clare Gilham
Journal: BMJ (2004)

reflect reversible or irreversible myocardial injury and how necrosis could be distinguished from reversible myocardial damage.Further experimental studies are required to clarify this point, which has in recent years been considered in numerous clinical studies that showed that raised troponins are predictors for mortality or worse clinical outcome independently of acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction.w1 w9 w23 w24 w27 w28 w31 w35 w41 w43 However, raised cardiac troponins alone will never allow us to make a clinical diagnosis, but they are an important contribution to a complex clinical picture, be it in the context of acute coronary syndromes or other conditions.Above all they contain prognostic information for most of these conditions that may be relevant for the management of patients
Value of Serum-Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 for the Noninvasive Risk Assessment of Transplant Coronary Artery Disease, Posttransplant Ischemic Events, and Cardiac Graft Failure
Authors: Carlos A. Labarrere, David R. Nelson, Steven J. Miller, Jennifer M. Nieto, Jennifer A. Conner, Douglas E. Pitts, Philip C. Kirlin, Harold G. Halbrook
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Adhesion molecules on arterial endothelium have been implicated in spontaneous atherosclerosis and transplant coronary artery disease (CAD). We studied whether elevated serum-soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) during the immediate posttransplant period was a risk factor for CAD, posttransplant ischemic events, or cardiac graft failure. Methods and Results —We initially studied serum sICAM-1 in a subset of 16 cardiac allograft recipients (5.5±0.7 samples per patient) to determine a cutoff point that best correlated with presence of arterial and arteriolar endothelial ICAM-1 in matching endomyocardial biopsies. The cutoff value was 308 ng/mL. Subsequently, we prospectively evaluated serum sICAM-1 in serial samples (5.3±0.1 per patient) obtained during the first 3 months after transplantation in a validation subset of 130 recipients and correlated early sICAM-1 levels with long-term outcome. Serum sICAM-1 &gt;308 ng/mL correlated significantly with ICAM-1 on arterial and arteriolar endothelium ( P =0.02). Cardiac allograft recipients with serum sICAM-1 &gt;308 ng/mL had 2.67 (95% CI, 1.28 to 5.59, P =0.009) times greater risk of CAD and 3.63 (95% CI, 1.05 to 12.5, P =0.04) times greater risk of graft failure. Recipients with sICAM-1 &gt;308 ng/mL also developed more severe CAD ( P =0.009) and more ischemic events ( P =0.03) after transplantation. Conclusions —Serum sICAM-1 levels can be used to noninvasively assess risk of transplant CAD, posttransplant ischemic events, and cardiac graft failure.
Reactive mesothelial proliferation: a necropsy study.
Authors: C D Sheldon, A Herbert, P J Gallagher
Journal: Thorax (1981)

To establish a histological standard against which surgical biopsy material could be compared, the degree of mesothelial proliferation was studied in 100 unselected necropsies. A minor degree of mesothelial hyperplasia was identified in 10 cases, usually close to areas of fibrous adhesions. Pleural plaques were present in 33 patients but there was no evidence of associated mesothelial proliferation. No mesothelial changes were noted in patients with empyema or pleural metastases. These findings indicated that the degree of mesothelial hyperplasia in common disorders of the pleura is relatively slight. Significant mesothelial proliferation in needle biopsies should therefore be viewed with considerable suspicion and, where clinically appropriate, be followed by further investigation.
N822 mutation of KIT gene was frequent in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients with t(8;21) in Japan: a study of the Japanese childhood AML cooperative study group
Authors: A Shimada, T Taki, C Kubota, T Itou, A Tawa, K Horibe, M Tsuchida, R Hanada, I Tsukimoto, Y Hayashi
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Economic Sanctions and Embargoes
Authors: Leila Richards
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters15 August 2000Economic Sanctions and EmbargoesLeila Richards, MD, MPHLeila Richards, MD, MPHBrooklyn, NY 11201 (Richards)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Madeleine Albright (1) ignores recommendations from recent United Nations agency reports (2-4) and simply restates State Department policy. Surely we can expect initiatives from the U.S. government that go beyond the demonization and denunciation of Iraq's political leadership. Iraq's humanitarian budget comes from sale of its oil, the proceeds of which are placed in a United Nations escrow account. Each contract submitted by the Iraqi government must be approved by the United Nations Sanctions Committee, which consists of representatives of Security Council member states. If a single member questions a contract, it is placed on “hold.” It ...References1. Albright MK. Economic sanctions and public health: a view from the Department of State [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:155-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. United Nations Security Council. Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 6 of Security Council resolution 1242 (1999)S/1999/1162, 12 November 1999. Google Scholar3. United Nations Security Council. Review and Assessment of the Implementation of the Humanitarian Programme Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 986. S/1999/356, 30 March 1999. Google Scholar4. UNICEF. Situation analysis of children and women in Iraq. Baghdad: UNICEF; 30 April 1998. Google Scholar5. United Nations Office of the Iraq Programme. www.un.org/depts/oip. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooklyn, NY 11201 (Richards) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Health Effects of Economic Sanctions and Embargoes: The Role of Health Professionals Karine Morin , Steven H. Miles , and Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Soheir A. Morsy Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Anthony F. Kirkpatrick Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Richard Garfield Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Natalia Ganson-Myshkin Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Michèle Barry Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Michael Brumage Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Ken Freeland Economic Sanctions and Embargoes David P. Hickey Metrics 15 August 2000Volume 133, Issue 4Page: 309KeywordsComputed axial tomographyComputersContinuing medical educationIntensive care unitsLibrariesMedical educationOilsVentilators ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 618: Identification and quantification of human DNA repair protein NEIL1 by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry as a potential cancer biomarker.
Authors: Miral Dizdaroglu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Accumulated evidence points to DNA repair capacity as an important therapeutic factor in cancer in predicting patient response to DNA-damaging agents such as chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation. Recent findings suggest that some types of malignant tumors possess increased DNA repair capacity that may affect the therapy and outcome of cancer. Thus, the knowledge of the over-expression or under-expression levels of DNA repair proteins in tumors and disease-free tissues will help develop and guide treatment strategies that will likely lead to the best treatment results for patients. In this context, DNA repair proteins are becoming predictive, prognostic and therapeutic factors in cancer, and also promising drug targets for cancer treatment as DNA repair inhibitors are being developed to increase the efficacy of cancer therapy. We developed assays for the mass spectrometric measurement in tissues of the human DNA repair protein NEIL1 (hNEIL1), which is involved in base excision and nucleotide excision repair pathways of oxidatively induced DNA damage. There is strong evidence for a critical role of NEIL1 in maintaining the genetic stability and in prevention of diseases such as cancer and metabolic syndrome. We applied liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), using the fully 15N-labeled analogue of hNEIL1 (15N-hNEIL1) as an internal standard, which we produced, purified and characterized. Both hNEIL1 and 15N-hNEIL1 were hydrolyzed with trypsin. Eighteen tryptic peptides of each protein were identified by LC-MS/MS on the basis of their full-scan mass spectra. These peptides matched the theoretical peptides expected from trypsin hydrolysis of hNEIL1, and provided a statistically significant protein score that would unequivocally identify hNEIL1. The product ion spectra of the tryptic peptides of both proteins were recorded and the characteristic product ions were defined. Selected-reaction monitoring was used to analyze mixtures of hNEIL1 and 15N-hNEIL1 on the basis of product ions. We also showed the detection of these proteins following their separation by gel electrophoresis and in-gel trypsin digestion. Our results suggest that the assays developed would be highly suitable for the positive identification and accurate quantification of hNEIL1 in tissues in vivo as a potential cancer biomarker. . Citation Format: Miral Dizdaroglu. Identification and quantification of human DNA repair protein NEIL1 by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry as a potential cancer biomarker. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 618. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-618
Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in Brooklyn
Authors: Harvey Dosik
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Fifteen patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) were identified in less than a two-year period in the Crown Heights—Bedford Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, NY. All patients were black; nine patients originated from the Caribbean islands and six from the southern United States. Two of the patients were father and daughter, the first evidence of familial occurrence in the United States. Their clinical course was similar to that of previously described patients with this disorder. To our knowledge, these 15 patients represent the largest series of ATLL reported in the United States. We recommend that ATLL be seriously considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, lymphatic leukemia, or hypercalcemia. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2255-2257)