tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE DANISH TREATMENT OF ITCH
Authors: A. Cannon
Journal: BMJ (1930)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has presented new challenges to food manufacturers. In addition to preventing the spread of microbial contamination of food, with SARS-CoV-2, there is an additional focus on preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections in food plant personnel. During the early phase of the pandemic, several large outbreaks of Covid-19 occurred in food manufacturing plants resulting in deaths and economic loss. In March of 2020, we assisted in implementation of environmental monitoring programs for SARS-CoV-2 in 116 food production facilities. All participating facilities had already implemented measures to prevent symptomatic personnel from coming to work. During the study period, from March 17, 2020 to September 3, 2020, 1.23% of the 22,643 environmental samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that infected individuals are actively shedding virus. Virus contamination was commonly found on frequently touched surfaces. Most plants managed to control their environmental contamination when they became aware of the positive findings. Comparisons of the personnel test results to environmental contamination in one plant showed a good correlation between the two. Our work illustrates that environmental monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 can be used as a surrogate for identifying the presence of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic personnel in workplaces and may aid in controlling infection spread. <h3>Highlights</h3> Environmental contamination by SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected in food plants Out of 22,643 environmental swabs, 278 (1.23%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 Frequently touched surfaces had the most contamination Surface testing for SARS-CoV-2 may indicate presence of asymptomatic carriers
Antigen-independent changes in naive CD4 T cells with aging.
Authors: P J Linton, L Haynes, N R Klinman, S L Swain
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

In the elderly, a dramatic shift within the CD4+ T cell population occurs, with an increased proportion having a memory phenotype with markedly decreased responsiveness. To determine what aspects of the aged phenotype are dependent upon repeated contact with antigen in the environment, we examined CD4+ cells isolated from TCR Tg mice. There is good evidence that no cross-reacting antigens for the Tg TCR recognizing pigeon cytochrome c are found in the environment of the animal, so that alterations in the Tg CD4+ cells with aging are likely to be due to antigen-independent processes. We found that in aged animals, TCR transgene(pos) CD4+ cells, although decreased in number and antigen responsiveness, maintain a naive phenotype rather than acquiring a prototypical aged memory phenotype. In contrast, the population of transgene(1o-neg) CD4+ cells increase in proportion and express the aged phenotype. Consistent with their naive status, transgene(pos) cells of aged individuals remain CD44lo CD45RBhi, secrete IL-2 and not IL-4 or IFN-gamma upon antigenic stimulation, and require co-stimulation to proliferate to anti-CD3 stimulation. These findings suggest that the aging-associated shift to CD4 cells expressing the memory phenotype is dependent on antigenic stimulation. However, the decrease in antigen responsiveness of naive transgenepos cells, as revealed by a lower secretion of IL-2 and IL-3 and a lower proliferative capacity, suggests that additional intrinsic changes occur with aging that do not depend on encounter with antigen.
The Thymus, Manganese, and Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The opening chapter on the anatomy, embryology, pathology, and physiology of the thymus is the basis for the section on myasthenia gravis, in which emphasis is placed on the clinical state, pathological picture, and various forms of therapy. A portion is devoted to the role of manganese in human and animal metabolism. Five case histories of myasthenia gravis are presented to demonstrate the author's theory of the efficacy of manganese in treating this disease. The last portion of the monograph brings forth the relationship of this disease to the other endocrine glands and to additional neuromuscular diseases. The critical reader will immediately take issue with Josephson's opening remarks. "This study offers a clinical solution of the problem of myasthenia gravis and of kindred ailments, and sheds light on the function of the thymus and its disorders. It offers a specific remedy for those ailments." The claim is made that manganese
Utility of 24 Hour Bone Scan in Evaluation of Bone Involvement by Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: SERGEY MEKHMANDAROV, MORRIS AZARIA, SANTIAGO ENGELBERG, L M LIEBERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in soft tissue malignancies occurs frequently. When tumor overlaps adjacent bone structures, the bone margins can be indiscernible on a regular bone scan. Additional views should be taken to differentiate bone from tumor, however, separation is sometimes difficult and not always successful. This report presents a patient in whom accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in a liposarcoma of the thigh disappeared on a 24 hour scan and bone margins were seen clearly. A possible mechanism for this phenomenon and its utility are discussed.
Collagen and elastin changes in d-penicillamine-induced pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like skin
Authors: N. LIGHT, R.H.MEYRICK THOMAS, A. STEPHENS, J.D.T. KIRBY, P.R. FRYER, N.C. AVERY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

A patient with cystinuria who was treated with large doses of D-penicillamine for 19 years developed skin abnormalities resembling those seen in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Biochemical and histological examination of the dermis showed that the collagen content, the ratio of the major genetic forms of collagen and the distribution of collagen types was normal. Light microscopy demonstrated the presence of vastly increased amounts of elastin in the dermis, and the individual elastin fibres were shown by electron microscopy to be abnormal; chemical analysis showed the elastin to be poorly cross-linked. Some of the collagen also appeared structurally abnormal, and biochemically resembled that seen in the dermis of a young child with respect to cross-linking and hexosyl-lysine content. The therapy led to an increased deposition of collagen and elastin fibres which appeared abnormal, and resulted in an increase in total skin surface area. These data indicate that D-penicillamine was not fully effective in inhibiting collagen and elastin cross-linking, and appeared to prevent or inhibit the natural maturation process of the collagen.
Nanobody-albumin nanoparticles (NANAPs) for the delivery of a multikinase inhibitor 17864 to EGFR overexpressing tumor cells
Authors: Isil Altintas, Raimond Heukers, Roy van der Meel, Marie Lacombe, Maryam Amidi, Paul M.P. van Bergen en Henegouwen, Wim E. Hennink, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Robbert J. Kok
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Right Atrial Septal Electrode for Reducing the Atrial Defibrillation Threshold
Authors: Xiangsheng Zheng, Michael E. Benser, Gregory P. Walcott, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background The atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) energy of the standard lead configuration, right atrial appendage (RAA) to coronary sinus (CS), was reduced by &gt;50% with the addition of a third electrode traversing the atrial septum in a previous study. This study determined whether the ADFT would be lowered by a more clinically practical third electrode placed in the right atrium along the atrial septum (RSP). Methods and Results Sustained atrial fibrillation was induced in 8 closed-chest sheep with burst pacing and maintained with pericardial infusion of acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride. A custom-made, dual-defibrillation catheter was placed with electrodes in the lateral RA, CS, and RSP. A separate defibrillation catheter was also placed in the RAA. ADFT characteristics of RAA→CS and 6 other single- or sequential-shock configurations were determined in random order by using biphasic, truncated-exponential waveforms in a multiple-reversal protocol. The delivered-energy, peak-voltage, and peak-current ADFTs for the sequential-shock configuration CS→RSP/RA→RSP (0.53±0.31 J, 86±22 V, and 1.6±0.6 A, respectively) were significantly lower than those of RAA→CS (1.14±0.64 J, 157±34 V, and 2.5±1.1 A, respectively). The ADFT characteristics of RAA→CS and RA→CS were not significantly different, nor were those of CS→RSP/RA→RSP and CS→RSP/RAA→ RSP. Conclusions The ADFT of the standard RAA→CS configuration may be markedly reduced with an additional electrode situated at the RSP.
The European (ECCO) Consensus on infection in IBD: what does it change for the clinician?
Authors: J.-F. Rahier, Y. Yazdanpanah, J.-F. Colombel, S. Travis
Journal: Gut (2009)

Gastroenterologists are pausing to reflect on the risks of immunomodulation and reassess the benefits of biological tratment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This is constructive. Every experienced gastroenterologist can recall a case of disseminated varicella zoster, Pneumocystis spp pneumonia or severe sepsis from an otherwise unheard of opportunistic pathogen in a patient with IBD on immunomodulators that they put down to, well, experience. A near disaster skilfully managed, perhaps, but a catastrophe for the patient—especially if such infection was preventable in the first place. So it is indeed constructive that IBD specialists who have long advocated early or increasing use of immunomodulators are sufficiently confident to appraise the risks of infection inherent to immunosuppression. This is precisely what the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) has set out to do with their new Consensus on opportunistic infections in IBD.1 It answers the call for a Consensus made in a review of the prevention and diagnosis of opportunistic infections, published in Gut last year.2 It is aimed at specialist gastroenterologists making the diagnosis of and managing patients with IBD. Although the practical implications of the ECCO Consensus for general gastroenterologists are substantial, they are worth the candle. Vaccination and chemoprevention of infection in healthy visitors to exotic locations is accepted by travellers and the community alike, although the absolute risk of infection is generally very much less than the risk of opportunistic infection faced by patients with IBD taking immunomodulators or biological treatment.

So what is the absolute risk of infection in patients with IBD? Inevitably this is difficult to quantify, since there has been no systematic study. The best data come from the carefully controlled trials of biological treatment. In a recent report on adverse events in the global trials of adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn’s …
Welfare Medicine in America: A Case Study of Medicaid
Authors: Amasa B. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This is a painful book to read, since it retells in excruciating detail the legislative origins and social consequences of one of the most controversial health laws in American history. Title XIX of the Social Security Act (Medicaid) was enacted in 1965. After describing the subsequent eight years of struggle, one of the kindest judgments that this study renders is that the law was "born to be transitional." Medicaid was flawed from the start. In part, it was a new federal health care program intended to bring "mainstream" health services to the poor, while at the same time, it was an extension of the ancient and discredited welfare system, providing "vendor payments" rather than services, and perpetuating the means test and a two-class system of care. The wording of the original legislation was confused, reflecting these divergent principles, and subsequent amendments, new state laws, and court rulings have clarified very
Berlin Wall and Sudden Death
Authors: J. TEJMAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1973Berlin Wall and Sudden DeathJ. TEJMAR, M.D.J. TEJMAR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-4-620_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: After noting the description by George L. Engel of three cases of sudden death during joyful meeting after long years of separation (Ann Intern Med69:293-300, 1969), I used the unique opportunity of the introduction of the new regulations for Berlin visitors to East Berlin (1972) to gather evidence bearing on his thesis of a relation of sudden death to emotional status. Several hundreds of thousands of visitors participated after 20 years of separation (some of them after only 6 years) in the meeting from West Berlin, which is the only half of Berlin for which data... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1973Volume 78, Issue 4Page: 620-620KeywordsEmotions Issue Published: 1 April 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Spain finally recognises thalidomide victims
Authors: M. Jara
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Fifty two years after the first cases of congenital abnormality appeared in babies whose mothers had taken thalidomide in the 1960s, the Spanish government is ready to pay compensation to those affected.

Of the total €1.6m (£1.3m; $2.1m) the government has made available, €30 000 each will be apportioned to those judged to have a mild degree of disability, €60 000 to those moderately affected, and €80 000 to those severely affected. 

But the exact number of people who are likely to receive compensation is not yet known, because those affected have until 30 September this year to …
Abstract 4598: GP130 as a novel therapeutic target in il-6-dependent cancers
Authors: Hui Xiao, Yang Bian, Chengguang Zhao, Li Lin, David Jou, Huameng Li, Chenglong Li, Jiayuh Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The IL-6/GP130 signaling pathway is critical for the survival and progression of cancer cells of multiple cancer types. We report here the new discovery of Raloxifene (Marketed as Evista by Eli Lilly and Company) and Bazedoxifene [Marketed as Duavee (conjugated estrogens / bazedoxifene) by Pfizer] as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 protein-protein interactions using multiple ligand simultaneous docking and drug repositioning approaches. Multiple drug scaffolds were simultaneously docked into binding hot spots of GP130 D1 domain by multiple ligand simultaneous docking to compete with the key interacting residues of IL-6, followed by tethering to generate virtual hit compounds. Similarity searches of virtual hits on drug databases identified Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene as potential inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interaction. Both Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene are known as selective estrogen receptor modulators and we identified their novel function as GP130 inhibitors. Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene inhibited IL-6 mediated induction of STAT3 phosphorylation in cancer cells, which confirm their ability to inhibit IL-6/GP130 signaling. In contrast, Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene did not inhibit the induction of STAT1 phosphorylation by IFN-γ in cancer cells indicating their selectivity. Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene also inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and resulted in apoptosis in cancer cells expressing elevated IL-6 levels. In addition, addition of excess IL-6 reversed the expression level of STAT3 phosphorylation which was decreased by Raloxifene or Bazedoxifene supporting that both FDA-approved drugs act through IL-6/GP130 signaling. Compared with an original GP130 inhibitor MDL-A whose IC50 values were 108-216 µM in cancer cell lines, Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene were found more potent in inhibiting cell viability which the IC50 values for Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene were 6.9-8.9 µM and 3.4-4.4 µM respectively in the same cancer cell lines expressing elevated IL-6 levels. Furthermore, both Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene significantly suppressed the tumor growth of human RH30 sarcoma cells in mouse xenograft model in vivo. These findings suggest that FDA-approved drugs Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene may serve as novel GP130-targeting therapeutic drugs in IL-6 dependent cancers. Citation Format: Hui Xiao, Yang Bian, Chengguang Zhao, Li Lin, David Jou, Huameng Li, Chenglong Li, Jiayuh Lin. GP130 as a novel therapeutic target in il-6-dependent cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4598. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4598
Chemoprophylaxis of Malaria for Travelers
Authors: ELIZABETH BARRETT-CONNOR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Physicians advising travelers going to parts of the world where malaria transmission occurs should recommend antimalarial prophylaxis. Chloroquine is the most reliable prophylactic agent affording prophylactic suppressive cure of all sensitive strains of falciparum malaria and suppression with occasional cure of other human malarias. A 14-day course of primaquine after the last exposure affords prophylactic radical cure of malarias with secondary exoerythrocytic cycles. A weekly combination of chloroquine and primaquine is equally effective if continued for 2 months after exposure, but is unnecessary for travelers visiting areas with chloroquine-sensitive malaria. Currently, the best prophylaxis for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria is weekly chloroquine and primaquine and daily dapsone. Travelers should be informed about simple precautions against mosquito bites and should advise their physician of the possibility of malaria if they become ill after they return.
Serum amyloid A has antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus by inhibiting virus entry in a cell culture system
Authors: Muriel Lavie, Cécile Voisset, Ngoc Vu-Dac, Virginie Zurawski, Gilles Duverlie, Czeslaw Wychowski, Jean Dubuisson
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein produced by the liver. SAA concentration increases markedly in the serum following inflammation and infection. Large increases in SAA concentration during the acute phase response suggest that SAA has a beneficial role in host defense. This study sought to determine the effect of SAA on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infectivity using retroviral particles pseudotyped with HCV envelope glycoproteins (HCVpp) and the recently developed cell culture system for HCV (HCVcc). SAA inhibited HCVpp and HCVcc infection in a dose-dependent manner by affecting an early step of the virus life cycle. Further characterization with HCVpp indicated that SAA blocks virus entry by interacting with the viral particle. In addition, the antiviral activity of SAA was strongly reduced when high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were coincubated with SAA. However, HDL had only a slight effect on the antiviral activity of SAA when HCVpp was first preincubated with SAA. Furthermore, analyses of SAA in sera of chronic HCV patients revealed the presence of variable levels of SAA with abnormally elevated concentrations in some cases. However, no obvious clinical correlation was found between SAA levels and HCV viral loads. In conclusion, our data demonstrate an antiviral activity for SAA and suggest a tight relationship between SAA and HDL in modulating HCV infectivity.
Uric acid, joint morbidity, and streptococcal antibodies in Maori and European teenagers. Rotorua Lakes study 3.
Authors: J M Stanhope, I A Prior
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Two hundred and ninety-four New Zealand secondary school students were examined by questionnaire, and physical and biochemical methods. The sample contained almost equal numbers of Maoris and Europeans. The findings related to joint conditions are presented. Past injury and rheumatic disease accounted for some of the reported morbidity, but no important sex or race differences in these factors emerged. There were, however, significant differences in serum uric acid levels with the Maori having higher levels than the Europeans. A significant correlation with body mass was present in both race and sex groups but a correlation with haemoglobin was present only in the European females. While hyperuricaemia was not associated with morbidity in this young sample, ethnic differences anticipated the higher prevalence of gout already observed in Maori men.
Synergistic effects of H2O2 with components of dental restorative materials on gluconeogenesis in rat kidney tubules
Authors: Reichl Franz-Xaver, Durner Jürgen, Kehe Kai, Folwaczny Matthias, Kleinsasser Norbert, Schwarz Markus, Karim El-Mahdy, Hickel Reinhard
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Diagnosis of Solvent Poisoning
Authors: Richard D. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The diagnosis of solvent poisoning or exposure can be rapidly established by breath analysis. The analytical methods employed specifically identify the solvent and are sufficiently sensitive to permit detection hours to weeks after exposure, depending upon the amount of solvent absorbed, its rate of metabolism, and its rate of excretion. Serial breath analyses after a solvent exposure allow the construction of an excretion curve which can then be compared to the excretion curves of humans previously exposed to known amounts of a given solvent. In this manner the total body burden or total amount absorbed may be estimated. Based upon the identity of the toxic agent and the amount present within the body, a reasonable prognosis can be advanced and appropriate therapy begun. The breath samples are collected in saran gas bags or glass pipettes and analyzed directly for their solvent content in a long path-length gas cell of an infrared spectrometer or in a vapor phase chromatograph.
Telling the patient
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Telling the patient "rhe heart is grossly en- A.. larged," said * ^the postgraduate student after completing his examination, while a multinational force of his colleagues crowded around the patient's bed.to i \.\5.P "Would you like to have an enlarged heart?" the instructor snapped."No, sir," answered the student, taken aback by the unexpected vehemence.
Implementation and Enforcement of Health Care Reform — Federal versus State Government
Authors: Timothy S. Jost
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Health care reform lurches forward. The House and Senate have both passed reform bills. How well reform works in practice, however, will depend on one key difference between the two bills that has received far too little attention — how their provisions will be implemented and enforced.The essential frameworks of the House and Senate bills are quite similar: both include health insurance and underwriting reforms, insurance exchanges, subsidies to make insurance affordable, individual mandates, and penalties for large employers who fail to insure their employees. Yet their approaches to oversight and enforcement, and in particular to the respective roles . . .