tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remission of Primary Hyperaldosteronism after Adrenal Venography
Authors: Charles E. Fisher, Franklin A. Turner, Richard Horton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

ADRENAL tumors associated with primary hyperaldosteronism are characteristically small, measuring 1 to 2 cm in diameter. As a result of their small size, as well as their relative avascularity, traditional radiologic procedures have been unsatisfactory. These methods include intravenous urography, nephrotomography, retroperitoneal pneumography and arteriography.1 With greater experience in selective vascular catheterization, adrenal venography has increasingly been accepted as a satisfactory approach both for visualization and as a technic for obtaining hormonal samples from the adrenal gland.2 3 4 5 This combined approach is useful for confirming the diagnosis, differentiating an aldosteronoma from bilateral hyperplasia and allowing a unilateral surgical approach. In a . . .
Trial of a Cinchoninic Acid Derivative in Some Collagen Diseases
Authors: J. B. Rennie, J. A. Milne, J. Sommerville
Journal: BMJ (1951)

of marmite on her first admission (discounting the peni- ciUin) does not rule out pernicious anaemia, since it is known that marmite, given in sufficient quantities, may contain enough folic acid to bring about a remission of that disease.As a case of pernicious anaemia was not available here to feed on gastric juice from the patient, after incubation with beef, we were unable to ascertain whether our patient actually contained intrinsic factor.The absence of neurological symptoms in this case, which had relapsed so frequently, is also perhaps against a diagnosis of pernicious anaemia, but we think the question should remain open for the present.In any event we are here only concerned with reporting the response to penicillin.Work is continuing on the treatment of these megalo- blastic anaemias with penicillin alone, and if it can be confirmed that a haemopoietic response similar to that outlined above can be obtained, then we think the field of discussion on the origin of this type of anaemia will be greatly widened. SummaryA case of megaloblastic anaemia is reported that responded to the administration of 400,000 units of crystal- line penicillin G daily for seven days.Her reticulocytes rose to 37%, and this was followed by a rise in the haemoglobin and red blood cells.No other treatment was given.The megaloblasts had disappeared from the marrow by the fifth day of treatment and the giant stab-cells had become very much less numerous.The response obtained to penicillin in this case in no way differed from that obtained from potent liver extract, folic acid, B12, or marmite.It is suggested that the penicillin may have produced its effects by (a) destroying some organism which was competing for haemopoietic substances; (b) removal of some haemo- poietic antagonist; (c) preventing the absorption of glutamic acid by competing organisms, which might thus interfere with the synthesis of pteroylglutamic acid; (d) affecting the metabolism and excretion of some essential amino-acids.We are indebted to the Director \of Medical Services, Kenya,
Correlation between disease phenotype and genetic heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: C M Weyand, T G McCarthy, J J Goronzy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

RA is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by variations in clinical manifestations, disease course, and probably response to therapeutic interventions. We have addressed the question whether genetically and potentially etiologically more homogeneous subgroups of RA patients can be defined based upon the expression of the RA-linked sequence motif in the third hypervariable region of the HLA-DRB1 gene. Genetic comparison of patients classified upon clinical manifestation and disease course demonstrated that patients with mild disease were genetically distinct from those progressing to severe and destructive disease. Specifically, rheumatoid factor (RF) negative patients preferentially expressed RA-linked HLA-DRB1 alleles with an arginine substitution in position 71, whereas the alleles with a lysine substitution in position 71 accumulated in RF+ patients. RF- patients were further subdivided based on clinical markers (time of onset of erosive disease and requirement for aggressive therapy). Clinical heterogeneity correlated with genetic heterogeneity. Patients with early erosive disease and patients requiring aggressive therapy frequently typed HLA-DRB1*04+. Patients with late erosive/nonerosive disease or a benign disease course manageable with nonaggressive treatment preferentially expressed HLA-DRB1*01 or lacked an RA-linked haplotype. These data indicate that the heterogeneity of RA reflects genetic differences. Sequence variations within the disease-linked sequence motif, as well as polymorphisms surrounding the candidate genetic element, affect pattern, course, and treatment response of RA. Amino acid position 71 in the HLA-DRB1 gene has a unique role, the understanding of which may provide important clues to disease etiology.
Differentiating robotic behavior and artificial intelligence from animal behavior and biological intelligence: Testing structural accuracy
Authors: Ralph R. Miller, Francisco Arcediano
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

We emphasize the feature of Webb's presentation that bears most directly on contemporary research with real animals. Many neuroscience modelers erroneously conclude that a model that performs like an animal must have achieved this goal through processes analogous with those used by the animal. A simulation failure justifies rejecting a model, but success does not justify acceptance. However, an important benefit of models, successful or otherwise, is to stimulate new research.
Negative inotropic effects of amiodarone on isolated guinea pig papillary muscle
Authors: M. Aomine, D. H Singer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Negative inotropic effects of amiodarone on isolated guinea pig papillary muscle Get access Masahiro Aomine, Masahiro Aomine Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Reingold ECG Center), Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Correspondence to Dr Aomine at: Department of Food and Nutrition, Nakamura Gakuen College, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald H Singer Donald H Singer Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Reingold ECG Center), Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 3, March 1990, Pages 182–190, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.3.182 Published: 01 March 1990 Article history Received: 21 November 1988 Accepted: 17 October 1989 Published: 01 March 1990
(20) Radiological assessment of neurocutaneous disorders: application of new imaging techniques
Authors: J.N.W.N. Barker, P.A. Gaines, L.M. MacDonald, D.M. MacDonald
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (20) Radiological assessment of neurocutaneous disorders: application of new imaging techniques Get access J.N.W.N. Barker, J.N.W.N. Barker Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.A. Gaines, P.A. Gaines Department of Radiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.M. MacDonald, L.M. MacDonald Department of Radiology, St Thomas's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.M. MacDonald D.M. MacDonald Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Page 42, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12038.x Published: 01 June 1987
770 HCV RELAPSES UPON COMPLETION OF PEG-INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS: RATE, TIMING AND PREDICTORS
Authors: P. Barreiro, E. Vispo, M. Nunez, J. Medrano, P. Labarga, L. Martín-Carbonero, V. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Genetically modified foods and the Pusztai affair
Authors: J. M Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In his clinical review on genetically modified foods Jones implies that Pusztai had tested only the effects of potato spiked with concanavalin A (a lectin) at the Rowett Institute.1 The initial dissemination of this incorrect information followed by the inappropriate suspension of Pusztai and the suspicion of fraud implied by instituting an audit according to Medical Research Council guidelines led some scientists, including me, to defend Pusztai, whom we know to be an honourable and careful scientist. The report of the audit conducted at the Rowett Institute (www.rri.sari.ac.uk/press) clearly …
535 Is connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), the missing link between steatosis, insulin resistance and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C?
Authors: C. Hora, F. Negro, L. Rubbia, J.-J. Gonvers, B. Muellhaupt, B. Helbling, R. Malinverni, C. Oneta, J.-F. Dufour
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Tortuous Common Carotid Artery Simulating a Thyroid Adenoma
Authors: Thompson Bowles
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A TORTUOUS right common carotid artery was first described as a pathological entity by Coulson in 1852. 1 One hundred years later Deterling cited 68 cases from the literature and reported an additional 21 cases of his own. 2 Since 1952 several other cases have been reported. 3, 4   The lesion occurs almost exclusively in women of middle age who are hypertensive or arteriosclerotic. The patient presents with a mass, usually pulsatile, in the base of the right side of the neck, which must be differentiated from aneurysm of the common carotid artery. Fortunately, such aneurysms are unusual. 5 When the mass is not pulsatile, differential diagnosis is more complicated and the possibility of a neoplasm must be considered.  The case here reported is unique, in that the tortuous common carotid artery had clinical and scintographic characteristics of a solitary thyroid adenoma.  Report of a Case  The patient, a 57-year-old
Homing Pigeons as Medical Messengers.
Authors: Philip Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Elizabeth, Ill., Jan. 7, 1899.  To the Editor:  —Readers of theJournal of the American Medical Associationwill find my former article on Homing Pigeons as Medical Messengers in theJournalof March 31, 1898 (p. 872). Though much interest was manifested in the subject at the time, not many doctors to my knowledge undertook to secure for themselves the service of these wonderfully clever aerial messengers. I can now speak with more assurance that they are indeed feasible. I receive messages from my patients in the country every day, in addition to my daily visits to them. My plan usually is to leave a pigeon the day I make a visit and direct that the pigeon be liberated the next morning about 8 o'clock, with such a message as I may desire, e. g., the record of temperature, pulse, number of stools, etc. With a little care in the
Metoclopramide during pregnancy did not increase risk for major congenital malformations or fetal death
Authors: Peng Chiong Tan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Pasternak B, Svanström H, Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Melbye M, Hviid A. Metoclopramide in pregnancy and risk of major congenital malformations and fetal death. JAMA. 2013;310:1601-11. 24129464
ErbB-2 Induces the <i>Cyclin D1</i> Gene in Prostate Epithelial Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Mathew Casimiro, Olga Rodriguez, Llana Pootrakul, Maral Aventian, Nadia Lushina, Caroline Cromelin, Georgina Ferzli, Kevin Johnson, Stanley Fricke, Fantahun Diba, Bhaskar Kallakury, Chioma Ohanyerenwa, Maxine Chen, Michael Ostrowski, Mien-Chie Hung, Shafaat A. Rabbani, Ram Datar, Richard Cote, Richard Pestell, Chris Albanese
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2 plays an important role in the regulation of growth factor–induced signal transduction cascades in the epithelium, and ErbB-2 is frequently overexpressed in epithelial tumors. Our previous studies on clinical prostate cancer specimens indicated that ErbB-2 expression was increased in patients undergoing hormone ablation therapy. We had also shown that the critical cell cycle regulatory gene cyclin D1 and its promoter were targets of proliferative signaling in prostate cancer cell lines, and that cyclin D1 was required for ErbB-2–induced mammary tumorigenesis. In the current studies, we found that increased ErbB-2 membrane expression correlated with increased nuclear cyclin D1 staining in clinical prostate cancer specimens, and that expression of ErbB-2 was capable of inducing cell cycle progression in human prostate cancer cell lines. We further showed that ErbB-2 induced the cyclin D1 promoter in DU145 cells, and that small interfering RNA knockdown of cyclin D1 protein levels blocked a significant proportion of the heregulin-induced cell cycle progression in LNCaP cells. Probasin promoter–targeted expression of an activated ErbB-2 isoform induced cyclin D1 expression in the mouse prostate, commensurate with prostate intraepithelial neoplasia. Together, these in vitro and in vivo studies identify cyclin D1 as a critical downstream target of ErbB-2 in the prostate epithelium, both of which are possible therapeutic targets for cancer intervention. Furthermore, our novel mouse model provides a useful platform for ongoing in vivo investigations of ErbB-2 signaling in the prostate epithelium. [Cancer Res 2007;67(9):4364–72]
THE MORE PRACTICAL FUNCTIONAL TESTS OF THE LIVER
Authors: MAX EINHORN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The liver is an organ of the greatest importance in the body economy. This is readily seen from its considerable size (being the largest gland in the organism) and also from the fact that the entire amount of blood leaving the digestive apparatus has first to go through this organ (portal vein). It supervises all the material entering the blood stream through the digestive tract, and regulates the amounts of the various substances necessary for the maintenance of well being. Too great quantities are not permitted to enter the circulation at once. Thus, for instance, sugar is held back in the liver and stored up as glycogen. Fats, if taken in liberal amounts, are kept back in the liver until such a time as there is a demand for this substance in the blood. Proteins, likewise, are partly retained and partly worked up into amino-acids and urea. The liver also
The Will To Be Human
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The debate between determinists and upholders of free will, which has continued for centuries, is still as lively as ever. For a while it appeared that determinism, supported by Freud and the behaviorists, was victorious. Self-respecting scientists were ashamed to use the word "will." But now it is again permissible, if not fashionable. Farber and May have both written books about the will,<sup>1,2</sup>which have been well received, although perhaps not getting the popular attention of Skinner's polemic<sup>3</sup>against freedom. Now, Arieti, psychoanalyst and authority on schizophrenia, contributes his defense in<i>The Will To Be Human</i>. Arieti promptly acknowledges that complete freedom is an illusion and that we are constrained both by internal psychological pressures and by environmental and social forces. He analyzes these constraints, placing special emphasis on what he calls "the endocratic power," which seems to be similar to Freud's "superego" and Fromm's "authoritarian conscience." However, he
On the heterogeneity of murine natural killer cells.
Authors: N Minato, L Reid, B R Bloom
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The heterogeneity of cells capable exerting spontaneous cytotoxicity in vitro was explored using antisera to several genetically determined surface markers on mouse lymphocytes. Four phenotypes of cells derived either from fresh or cultured murine lymphoid tissue were found to exert natural killer (NK) activity in vitro. One affector cell subset, termed NKI cells, had the serological phenotype of Thy-1-, Lyt-2-, Qa5+, and lysed measles virus persistently infected target cells (HeLa-Ms) but not P815 mastocytoma cells. It corresponds with the NK cells described in most systems in which lymphoma targets are commonly used. A second subset, with the same target cell specificity, termed NKT is a thymus-independent cell with the phenotype Thy-1+, Lyt-2-, Qa-5+, Ly-5+. A third subset of NK cells, termed T killer (TK) cells deriving from cultures of conventional but not nude mouse spleens, mediated spontaneous cytotoxicity of P815 mastocytoma cells, but not of virus-infected targets. It has a phenotype of Thy-1+, Lyt-2+, Qa-5-, Ly-5+, apparently identical with that of conventional, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The fourth phenotype of NK cells, termed NKM, derived primarily from cultures of bone marrow, is cytotoxic for HeLa-measles but not P815, and expresses only Ly-5+ among the various markers tested. Beige mice possess normal TK and NKM activities, but had normal NKI, NKT as well as NKM activity. All NK cell subsets express the Ly-5 surface marker. The existence of four phenotypically distinct NK effector cells was strengthened by studies on selective regulation of their activity by two different biological factors. Interferon (IFN) augmented NK activity of primarily one of the subsets examined, the NKI cell; the activity of IFN on NKT cells could not be directly tested, but IFN was without positive effect on TK or NKM cells. In contrast, partially purified IFN-free interleuken 2 (IL-2) augmented the activities of both the TK and NKT subsets, but not of NKI or NKM cell. IL-2 was active in augmenting NK activity in spleen cells obtained from both conventional and nu/nu mice, but was without effect on spleens of nu/nu mice depleted of Thy-1+ cells. These and other data suggest that IL-2 acts primarily, if not exclusively, on THy-1+ cells. These results strengthen the view that natural cytotoxicity in vitro can be mediated by several distinct cell populations under different genetic and regulatory control and indicate the importance of defining and delineating the cell lineages of each and the role of the independent subsets in resistance to virus infections and tumors in vivo.
Implications of lowering threshold of plasma troponin concentration in diagnosis of myocardial infarction: cohort study
Authors: N. L. Mills, K. K. Lee, D. A. McAllister, A. M. D. Churchhouse, M. MacLeod, M. Stoddart, S. Walker, M. A. Denvir, K. A. A. Fox, D. E. Newby
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the relation between troponin concentration, assay precision, and clinical outcomes in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. <b>Design</b> Cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Tertiary centre in Scotland. <b>Participants</b> 2092 consecutive patients admitted with suspected acute coronary syndrome were stratified with a sensitive troponin I assay into three groups (&lt;0.012, 0.012-0.049, and ≥0.050 µg/L) based on the 99th centile for troponin concentration (0.012 µg/L; coefficient of variation 20.8%) and the diagnostic threshold (0.050 µg/L; 7.2%). <b>Main outcome measure</b> One year survival without events (recurrent myocardial infarction, death) in patients grouped by troponin concentration. <b>Results</b> Troponin I concentrations were &lt;0.012 µg/L in 988 patients (47%), 0.012-0.049 µg/L in 352 patients (17%), and ≥0.050 µg/L in 752 patients (36%). Adoption of the 99th centile would increase the number of people receiving a diagnosis of myocardial infarction from 752 to 1104: a relative increase of 47%. At one year, patients with troponin concentrations of 0.012-0.049 µg/L were more likely to be dead or readmitted with recurrent myocardial infarction than those with troponin concentrations &lt;0.012 µg/L (13% <i>v </i>3%, P&lt;0.001; odds ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval 2.9 to 7.9). Compared with troponin ≥0.050 µg/L, patients with troponin 0.012-0.049 µg/L had a higher risk profile but were less likely to have a diagnosis of, or be investigated and treated for, acute coronary syndrome. <b>Conclusion</b> Lowering the diagnostic threshold to the 99th centile and accepting greater assay imprecision would identify more patients with acute coronary syndrome at risk of recurrent myocardial infarction and death but would increase the diagnosis of myocardial infarction by 47%. It remains to be established whether reclassification of these patients and treatment for myocardial infarction would improve outcome.
Healthism and eugenics
Authors: Imre Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Healthism resembles moral rearmament. It wishes to change mankind by controlling people's lifestyles. As healthism gets increasingly coercive, eugenic considerations may crowd out reproductive choice.

Versions of healthism have surfaced before. Two examples are Sparta and the Third Reich, both of which practised genetic selection. In Sparta, if an infant was considered to be defective it was discarded—taken to Taygetos, the mountain where hyenas …
EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCKWAVE MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION IMPROVES ANGINAL SYMPTOMS, EXERCISE TOLERANCE AND ISCHEMIC BURDEN IN PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY ANGINA PECTORIS: A MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Megha Prasad, Andrew Cassar, Wan Azman Wan Ahmad, Renan Sukmawan, Edward-Bengie L. Magsombol, Yuri Vinshtok, Muhammad D. Ismail, Ahmad Syadi, Mahmood Zuhdi, Sue Ann Locnen, Maria Palamine, Rodney Jimenez, Homobono Calleja, Amir Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Epicutaneously applied <scp>D</scp>er p 2 induces a strong <scp>T<sub>H</sub></scp>2‐biased antibody response in <scp>C</scp>57<scp>BL</scp>/6 mice, independent of functional <scp>TLR</scp>4
Authors: C. Stremnitzer, K. Manzano‐Szalai, P. Starkl, A. Willensdorfer, S. Schrom, J. Singer, U. Reichart, S. Akira, E. Jensen‐Jarolim
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background The major house dust mite allergen D er p 2 is a structural and functional homologue of MD ‐2 within the TLR 4– CD 14– MD‐ 2 complex. An asthma mouse model in TLR 4‐deficient mice recently suggested that the allergic immune response against D er p 2 is solely dependent on TLR 4 signaling. We investigated whether similar mechanisms are important for D er p 2 sensitization via the skin. Methods In an epicutaneous sensitization model, the response to recombinant D er p 2 in combination with or without lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) was compared between C 57 BL /6 WT and TLR 4‐deficient mice. We further analyzed possible adjuvant function of exogenous cysteine proteases. Results Sensitization with r D er p 2 induced similar levels of allergen‐specific I g G 1 and I g E antibodies in both mouse strains. LPS increased the systemic (antibody levels, cytokine release by restimulated splenocytes) and local (infiltration of immune cells into the skin) Th2 immune responses, which against our expectations were stronger in the absence of functional TLR 4 expression. Barrier disruption by papain, a protease with structural homology to D er p 1, did not enhance the sensitization capacity of rD er p 2. However, the presence of LPS increased the stability of r D er p 2 against the protease. Conclusion Our data suggest that r D er p 2 alone can cause a strong T H 2‐biased response via the skin being enhanced in the presence of LPS . This response is not reliant on functional TLR 4, but vice versa TLR 4 expression rather protects against epicutaneous sensitization to house dust mite allergen D er p 2.