tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diarrhoea and light therapy in neonates.
Authors: R J Brown, H B Valman, E G Daganah
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Though the renin content of a kidney is stated to be reduced by denervation and steroids (as in kidney allotransplantation presumably) there appears (in a large proportion of rejection episodes) little interfer- ence with the mechanism which allows hypertensive states to be reached.So far as I can determine by experiment, the role of renin in renal failure remains an interesting speculation lacking direct evi- dence in its support.There is, however, some direct evidence against its primary involvement.
P217 Factors affecting patient satisfaction in a COPD research cohort
Authors: B. S. Kowlessar, A. R. C. Patel, G. C. Donaldson, A. J. Mackay, J. R. Hurst, J. A. Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Measures of patient satisfaction have become increasingly important in modern healthcare and clinical research. We aimed to assess and quantify factors relating to patient satisfaction in the London COPD cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> Questionnaires were posted to patients in the London COPD cohort (anonymised to clinic staff) including categorical items (Likert scale or Yes/No) and freetext boxes. Data were analysed from the last stable state visit before October 2010 including demographics, spirometry, MRC dyspnoea, and St George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores. Data were analysed using Spearman9s rank correlation, Mann–Whitney U and χ<sup>2</sup> tests. <h3>Results</h3> 130 respondents (response rate 68%) had a mean (±SD) age of 73.4 (±8.8) years and mean FEV<sub>1</sub> 50.6% (±19.3%) predicted. 55% were male, 26% were current smokers with median (IQR) pack year history of 47 (26–73). There were no significant differences between respondents and non-respondents. 96% of respondents reported that they were very satisfied (74%) or satisfied (22%) with the COPD research (Abstract P217 figure 1). Satisfaction correlated with providing prompt and appropriate treatment at exacerbation onset (r=0.419, p&lt;0.001) and during routine visits (r=0.577, p&lt;0.001). Satisfaction also correlated with several staff-related factors: courteousness (r=0.545, p&lt;0.001), being easy to contact (r=0.498, p&lt;0.001), providing advice on symptom diaries (r=0.553, p&lt;0.001), explaining exacerbation recognition (r=0.507, p&lt;0.001), explaining research investigations (r=0.622, p&lt;0.001), feeding back individual results (r=0.476, p&lt;0.001), and overall research findings (r=0.409, p&lt;0.001). It also correlated with patients feeling more confident managing their COPD and exacerbations (r=0.465, p&lt;0.001). Patients who were in the cohort for longer were more likely to be more satisfied (r=0.289, p=0.001). There was no correlation between satisfaction and age, gender, spirometry, smoking, BMI, SGRQ or MRC dyspnoea scores. 94% reported less anxiety knowing they could call the doctors at any time, 77% felt they attended A&amp;E less since joining the cohort, 80% were less likely to visit their GP at exacerbation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patient satisfaction is very high in the London COPD cohort and was associated with positive staff interactions, prompt exacerbation treatment and detailed explanations. Involvement in the cohort also led most patients to feel less anxious, reportedly attending A&amp;E and GP services less frequently.
CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONJUGATED CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEINS
Authors: William S. Tillett, Oswald T. Avery, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. Guinea pigs passively sensitized with the serum of rabbits immunized with an artificially prepared sugar-protein (gluco-globulin) exhibit typical anaphylactic shock when subsequently inoculated with gluco-albumin; the serum of rabbits immunized with a second synthetic sugar-protein (galacto-globulin) similarly sensitizes guinea pigs to galacto-albumin. The reactions, in each instance, are specific and depend for their specificity on the carbohydrate component, and not on the protein fraction of the synthesized sugar-protein. 2. Guinea pigs actively sensitized with gluco-globulin or galacto-globulin are similarly subject to anaphylactic shock, when injected, after 21 days, with sugar-proteins containing carbohydrate identical with that present in the sensitizing antigen, regardless of the kind of protein with which it is combined. 3. The unconjugated glucosides, although themselves not capable of inducing shock, inhibit the anaphylactic reaction when injected immediately prior to the introduction of the toxigenic sugar-protein. The protective action of the glucosides disappears within two hours after injection. In order to elicit the phenomenon, the carbohydrate must be the same as that combined in the sugar-protein complex. 4. Anaphylactic shock may be induced by uncombined globulin in guinea pigs passively sensitized with either antigluco-globulin serum or antigalacto-globulin serum; globulin is similarly effective in animals actively sensitized with gluco-globulin or galacto-globulin. The reactions elicited by globulin alone are dependent upon the common protein present in the antigens, and exhibit only species specificity.
Sustained effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial performance during regional ischemia. Role of free fatty acid and osmolality.
Authors: S S Ahmed, C H Lee, H A Oldewurtel, T J Regan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

To evaluate the influence of glucose infusate administered with insulin and potassium on left ventricular function during 4 h of ischemia, as well as mechanism of action, four groups of intact anesthetized dogs were studied. Acute regional ischemia was induced with a balloon tip catheter in the left anterior descending artery and infusates were begun after 20 min of ischemia. A threefold increase of plasma glucose concentration was associated with improved left ventricular function during ischemia, compared to animals receiving isovolumic saline. There was a significant decline of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure associated with elevation of stroke volume and ejection fraction to control levels, as determined by indicator dilution. In a separate subgroup studied by cineangiography, shortening of the ischemic anterior wall, after an initial decline, was increased in response to glucose but there was no evidence of extension of injury. Ischemic tissue exhibited a smaller gain of water as well as Na+ per gram dry weight as compared to ischemic controls. On precordial electrocardiogram mapping there was a significant decrease in the sigmaST (sum of ST elevation) as well as NST (number of ST segment elevations), but the reduction of R wave amplitude was not different from controls. To further evaluate long-term effects, eight controls and six treated animals underwent myocardial ischemia and were sacrificed after 4 mo. Calculated area and weight of scar, as well as degree of wall thinning, were similar in both groups. The glucose-treated animals had a significant decrease of plasma FFA in contrast to controls which manifested a significant rise. To examine the postulate that the decrease in FFA was important to therapeutic action, a third group was infused with Intralipid (Cutter Laboratories, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.) and heparin, simultaneously with the glucose infusate, to effect an elevation of plasma FFA during ischemia. Changes in myocardial function and electrolyte composition, as well as precordial electrocardiogram mapping, were similar to that of animals receiving glucose alone. Because serum osmolality was increased approximately 40 mosmol during the glucose infusion, the potential role of hyperosmolality was assessed by infusion of 20% mannitol during acute ischemia in a fourth group. After a transient small increase, there was a moderate decline in function by 4 h, suggesting that the response to glucose is not dependent upon extracellular osmolality. Thus, it is concluded that during the initial hours after the onset of myocardial ischemia the glucose infusate improves ventricular performance without evidence of arrhythmia induction or intensification of ischemic injury. Evolution of irreversible necrosis appears to be delayed rather than prevented under the circumstances of this study.
Outpatients: can we save time and reduce waiting lists?
Authors: M Duncan, K Beale, J Parry, R A Miller
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The amount of time that one consultant urologist wasted on unnecessary administration while seeing outpatients was noted over six weeks. Searching for missing clinical data and the time spent on non-medical clerical tasks took up nearly half of the consultant9s sessions. This seemed to be due to insufficient clerical and secretarial staff. Because low salaries are offered to such staff vast sums of money are being paid to agencies who are providing an appreciable number (40%) of the secretarial staff in our hospitals. Urgent action from the government is needed to remedy this and thus make substantial reductions in outpatient waiting lists nationally. It would greatly improve morale in this important sector of the health service without increasing total costs.
Suppurative Phlebitis of an Arm Vein from a “Scalp-Vein Needle”
Authors: Dennis G. Maki, Paul J. Drinka, Thomas E. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

CANNULA-related sepsis is acknowledged to be a major complication of intravenous therapy1; the risk appears highest with plastic catheters. Catheter-associated sepsis usually responds rapidly to removal of the catheter.1 In contrast, suppurative phlebitis in which the vein becomes filled with pus is lethal unless treated surgically.2 3 4 Rare except in burned patients,4 this disastrous complication almost always involves the lower extremity or the central veins in patients without burns, or follows prolonged cannulation with a plastic catheter.2,3 In the following case of cancer, associated with candidemia, sepsis originated from a "scalp-vein needle" in a wrist vein.Case SummaryA 23-year-old . . .
Self-expulsion of a Nasal Polypus
Authors: B. Green
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDICAL JOURN'L grammes started much before 1950, these data cannot yet be available.As mentioned in your leading article, figures from Montreal, where screening was started in a small way in 1945, show a considerable increase in fiveyear survival rates in carcinoma of the cervix, and this is attributed directly to cytology screening.Though many questions concerning cer- vical cytology are so far unanswered, or unanswerable, it is to be hoped that efforts to continue the screening of all adult women should not be prejudiced.-Iam, etc.,
Effects of treatment in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: K. Horvath, K. Koch, K. Jeitler, E. Matyas, R. Bender, H. Bastian, S. Lange, A. Siebenhofer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To summarise the benefits and harms of treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Embase, Medline, AMED, BIOSIS, CCMed, CDMS, CDSR, CENTRAL, CINAHL, DARE, HTA, NHS EED, Heclinet, SciSearch, several publishers' databases, and reference lists of relevant secondary literature up to October 2009. <b>Review methods</b> Included studies were randomised controlled trials of specific treatment for gestational diabetes compared with usual care or "intensified" compared with "less intensified" specific treatment. <b>Results</b> Five randomised controlled trials matched the inclusion criteria for specific versus usual treatment. All studies used a two step approach with a 50 g glucose challenge test or screening for risk factors, or both, and a subsequent 75 g or 100 g oral glucose tolerance test. Meta-analyses did not show significant differences for most single end points judged to be of direct clinical importance. In women specifically treated for gestational diabetes, shoulder dystocia was significantly less common (odds ratio 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.75), and one randomised controlled trial reported a significant reduction of pre-eclampsia (2.5 <i>v</i> 5.5%, P=0.02). For the surrogate end point of large for gestational age infants, the odds ratio was 0.48 (0.38 to 0.62). In the 13 randomised controlled trials of different intensities of specific treatments, meta-analysis showed a significant reduction of shoulder dystocia in women with more intensive treatment (0.31, 0.14 to 0.70). <b>Conclusions</b> Treatment for gestational diabetes, consisting of treatment to lower blood glucose concentration alone or with special obstetric care, seems to lower the risk for some perinatal complications. Decisions regarding treatment should take into account that the evidence of benefit is derived from trials for which women were selected with a two step strategy (glucose challenge test/screening for risk factors and oral glucose tolerance test).
[72] THE RAS INHIBITOR FTS EXERTS ITS ANTI-TUMOUR EFFECT IN THE DEN MODEL OF HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS TROUGH INDUCTION OF TUMOUR CELL APOPTOSIS AND COMPENSATORY PROLIFERATION NON-TUMOUR CELLS
Authors: T. Schneider-Merck, I. Borbath, C. De Saeger, I. Leclercq, Y. Horsmans, P. Starkel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Realising the promise of non-invasive prenatal testing
Authors: L. S. Chitty, M. Kroese
Journal: BMJ (2015)

It should transform the quality of antenatal care

The presence in maternal plasma of cell-free fetal DNA, which is pregnancy specific1 and represents the whole of the fetal genome,2 offers enormous promise for the development of a wide range of prenatal genetic tests. Such tests require only a maternal blood sample rather than an invasive procedure that carries a risk of miscarriage. Several applications have already been approved for clinical use in the NHS. These have largely been based on the detection or exclusion of genetic changes in the fetus but not present in the mother (because they have been inherited from the father or arisen de novo at conception). Analysis of fetal sex from cell-free DNA can be used to guide invasive testing when the fetus is at risk of sex linked disorders,3 and several other tests are available for definitive prenatal diagnosis of some monogenic disorders.4 In parts of Europe, and hopefully soon in the United Kingdom, fetal RHD genotyping is routinely offered to Rhesus negative mothers to inform anti-D administration.5 However, it is the development of non-invasive testing for aneuploidy that stands to have the greatest impact on maternity care.

The first proof of principle studies, using next generation sequencing to detect Down’s syndrome by analysis of cell-free …
Joseph Jones, M.D.: Scientist of the Old South
Authors: Joseph I. Waring
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Joseph Jones prepared himself well for a career in science by achieving academic distinction at Princeton University and in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania under the guidance of Samuel Jackson and Joseph Leidy (1856). Jones' first ambition was to pursue research. Practice was never appealing, though circumstances sometimes required brief and not very satisfactory episodes. He followed successive academic careers at the Savannah Medical College, the University of Georgia, and the Medical College of Georgia. At all of these institutions he directed his studies chiefly to the fevers of the South, particularly malaria, yellow fever, and typhoid. His critics found promise in his works but deplored his verbosity. Joseph Jones was an ardent Secessionist, and, like many physicians of the South, volunteered promptly for the Confederate Army as a private but was soon appointed surgeon to his unit. This service lasted only six months. Later, as civilian
Restoring Health to Health Reform
Authors: Peter D. Jacobson, Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Severe obesity doubles risk of preterm delivery, study shows
Authors: A. Hansen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Being obese increases the risk of preterm birth, with the heaviest women (body mass index of 40 or more) nearly twice as likely to deliver before 37 weeks of gestation as women whose weight was normal, a study has found. 

For the study, researchers from Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg used data from the Norwegian mother and child cohort study to look at 83 544 pregnancies that occurred between 1999 and 2008.1 Information on weight and height before pregnancy …
Impotence from Propranolol?
Authors: JOHN W. KNARR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Correction1 August 1976Impotence from Propranolol?JOHN W. KNARR, M.D.JOHN W. KNARR, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-2-259_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to report a case that strongly suggests propranolol caused impotence.The patient was a 52-year-old man who first was seen because he was told he had hypertension. The first blood pressure measurement, by the nurse, was 180/120 mm Hg and about 30 min later, it was 180/120 mm Hg in my examination. The patient had been feeling well. He had no evidence of vascular disease; the only positive finding was an abnormal glucose tolerance test: fasting blood sugar, 75 mg/dl; ½ h, 232; 1 h, 163; 2 h, 150; 3 h, 95.He was started... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByUsefulness of Beta Blockade in Contemporary Management of Patients With Stable Coronary Heart DiseaseBody Image and SexualityBeta-blocker effects on sexual function in normal malesErectile Dysfunction Associated with Pharmacological AgentsSilicon Carbide, SiCOcular Beta-Blockers and Systemic EffectsSexual Dysfunction Due to Antihypertensive AgentsAnti-anginal and betaadrenoceptor blocking drugsDrug-induced sexual dysfunctionEffects of antihypertensive drugs on sexual behaviour of male ratsSexual side effects of antihypertensive drugsSexual dysfunction associated with oral antihypertensive medication: A critical survey of the literaturePharmacosexology: The Effects of Drugs on Sexual Function – A ReviewADVERSE REACTIONS TO BENDROFLUAZIDE AND PROPRANOLOL FOR THE TREATMENT OF MILD HYPERTENSIONCardiovascular DisordersHydralazine and Male ImpotencePropranolol Erectile Dysfunction RelievedJØRN BATHEN, M.D.Propranolol and Sexual ImpotenceSUE COPPINGER WARREN, M.D., STAFFORD G. WARREN, M.D., F.A.C.C.Dyazide® CompositionDAVID AKMAN, M.D. 1 August 1976Volume 85, Issue 2Page: 259-259KeywordsBlood pressureBlood sugarEmotionsErectile dysfunctionGlucose tolerance testsHypertensionNursesVascular diseases Issue Published: 1 August 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Interaction of asbestos with alveolar cells
Authors: Yasunosuke Suzuki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

A number of electron microphotographs are presented showing the various aspects of phagocytosis of fibers in lung tissue. The fibers were rapidly phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages, by polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and less frequently by alveolar epithelial cells. They were also found in the cytoplasm of the alveolar stromal macrophages. In the late stage of the disease, macrophages containing the minerals were recognized in the fibrous submesothelial connective tissues. In this stage, a cell intermediate in structure between the epithelial cell and the macrophage was observed in the alveolar lining. This cell showed strong phagocytic activity against the fibers. The process of phagocytosis of the fibers was quite similar to that of other microparticles such as Thorotrast and India ink. It had been suggested that phagosomes containing the fibers became transformed into secondary lysosomes. The fate of the phagocytosed fibers varied. Some were partly dissolved or digested with marked reduction in the thickness of the wall of the chrysotile fibril. Many became coated by hemosiderin which accumulated in the cytoplasm of the phagocytic cells. This coating transformed the fibers into asbestos bodies. Finally many fibers were released because of the death of the host cell. Uncoated fibers as well as various stages of phagocytosis were observed in all animals, including those 1 to 2 years after the instillation of asbestos. This strongly suggests that fibers may be repeatedly phagocytosed, released and rephagocytosed, inducing a continuous response of the alveolar cells and maintaining the disease.
Infective Hepatitis and Marrow Aplasia
Authors: K. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1963)

appearance of both conditions.as the authors point out, may well be delayed.On a different tack, and starting another hare, the recent interest in the association of pernicious anaemia and primary hypothyroidism' is perhaps pertinent, despite the rare association of this thyroid disorder with diabetes in Joslin's series.With the similarities in the pathological progress of Hashimoto's disease and pernicious anaemia12 one cannot resist the temptation to recall the initial "insulitis " of the juvenile-onset diabetic,13 with his known progression to islet atrophy.-I am, etc., Chest Clinic, Dundee.
Study of a new anomaly of the vermilion border of the lip
Authors: ROSHDY MOHAREB, MEDHAT ELKOMY, NASHAAT HANNA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A new anomaly of the vermilion border of the lip is described in which part of the vermilion border is replaced by normal skin. Thirty-six cases are reported of this new anomaly, seven of which sought medical advice for this condition.