tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isomer Profiles of Perfluorochemicals in Matched Maternal, Cord, and House Dust Samples: Manufacturing Sources and Transplacental Transfer
Authors: Sanjay Beesoon, Glenys M. Webster, Mahiba Shoeib, Tom Harner, Jonathan P. Benskin, Jonathan W. Martin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are detectable in the general population and in the human environment, including house dust. Sources are not well characterized, but isomer patterns should enable differentiation of historical and contemporary manufacturing sources. Isomer-specific maternal–fetal transfer of PFCs has not been examined despite known developmental toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in rodents.Objectives: We elucidated relative contributions of electrochemical (phased out in 2001) and telomer (contemporary) PFCs in dust and measured how transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE; based on a comparison of maternal and cord sera concentrations) is affected by perfluorinated chain length and isomer branching pattern.Methods: We analyzed matching samples of house dust (n = 18), maternal sera (n = 20), and umbilical cord sera (n = 20) by isomer-specific high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Results: PFOA isomer signatures revealed that telomer sources accounted for 0–95% of total PFOA in house dust (median, 31%). This may partly explain why serum PFOA concentrations are not declining in some countries despite the phase-out of electrochemical PFOA. TTE data indicate that total branched isomers crossed the placenta more efficiently than did linear isomers for both PFOS (p < 0.01) and PFOA (p = 0.02) and that placental transfer of branched isomers of PFOS increased as the branching point moved closer to the sulfonate (SO3–) end of the molecule.Conclusions: Results suggest that humans are exposed to telomer PFOA, but larger studies that also account for dietary sources should be conducted. The exposure profile of PFOS and PFOA isomers can differ between the mother and fetus—an important consideration for perinatal epidemiology studies of PFCs.
Developments and controversies in the management of oesophageal and gastric varices
Authors: G. Mehta, J. G. Abraldes, J. Bosch
Journal: Gut (2010)

Portal hypertension is a milestone in the progression of cirrhosis and heralds the onset of the fatal complications of liver disease. Over the last two decades significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of portal hypertension and of variceal haemorrhage (VH) in particular. As Bertrand Russell, the British philosopher, said, ‘the most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way’. This article will focus on developments in screening for oesophageal varices (OVs), for the prophylaxis of VH from OVs and gastric varices (GVs), and the remaining controversies that will shape treatment strategies for portal hypertension in the coming decade.

VH is a catastrophic event for the patient with cirrhosis, with 1-year mortality of up to 40% following an episode of VH.1 2 Since one-third of patients with OVs will develop VH, screening for OVs in the cirrhotic population is mandatory on the basis of the availability of effective diagnostic and prophylactic measures.

Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) is considered the primary modality for the detection and surveillance of OVs, and is recommended at the time of diagnosis of cirrhosis.3 4 With this approach, OVs are found to be present in ∼40% of patients with compensated cirrhosis.5 The interval for endoscopic surveillance for OVs following an initial negative examination depends on the rate of progression of OVs. The overall incidence of OVs is 5–10% per year,5 although this is modified by the severity of portal hypertension. Current guidance is for OGD to be repeated at 1–3 yearly intervals depending on the severity of liver disease (box 1).3 4

### Box 1 Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of OV

#### Recommendations for endoscopic screening for OVs (modified from Garcia-Tsao et al 4):

1.  Compensated cirrhosis without varices: 2–3 years.

2.  Compensated cirrhosis with clinically significant portal hypertension (HVPG >10 mm Hg) without varices: 1–2 years.

3.  Compensated cirrhosis and small varices: 1–2 years.*

4.  Decompensated cirrhosis: 1 year. …
Psychologic Stress, Vasodepressor (Vasovagal) Syncope, and Sudden Death
Authors: GEORGE L. ENGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Giving up in the face of emotional arousal and psychologic uncertainty are conditions conducive both to vasodepressor syncope and sudden death. Under such circumstances there may be simultaneous activation of two emergency biologic regulatory systems, flight-fight and conservation-withdrawal. In the healthy person this may result in vasodepressor syncope, benign arrhythmias, or both. In the presence of factors lowering the threshold for conduction disturbances, dangerous arrhythmias and sudden death rather than, or as well as, vasodepressor syncope may result. Although active myocardial damage by itself may provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for lethal arrhythmias, psychic uncertainty must be considered an additional risk factor. The implications of this concept for patient care and prevention of sudden death are a challenge for future research.
119 THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR KLF2 MEDIATES HEPATIC ENDOTHELIAL PROTECTION CONFERRED BY STATINS
Authors: G. Marrone, L. Russo, E. Rosado, D. Hide, G. García-Cardena, J. Bosch, J.C. García-Pagan, J. Gracia-Sancho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A rare cause of dysphagia: hairy esophagus
Authors: H. Korkmaz, Ç. Elsürer, T. Temel
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 61-year-old man was admitted to our clinic due to progressive dysphagia over the past 4 weeks. He had a history of laryngeal cancer. After failure of radiation therapy 9 months previously, total laryngectomy and bilaterally selective neck dissection had been carried out. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction resulted in the postoperative complication pharyngocutaneous fistula, 3 months after the operation. Esophageal endoscopic examination revealed an intact skin graft in the hypopharynx and proximal esophagus, with the epithelial surface bearing hair, as well as a proximal esophageal stricture ([Fig. 1]). Apart from the flap, cervical computed tomography revealed no pathological concerns ([Fig. 2]). Endoscopic dilation of the stricture resulted in improvement of symptoms.
P2-316: Phase II trial of pemetrexed and gemcitabine as first-line chemotherapy for elderly and/or poor performance status patients with stage iiib/iv non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Lee S. Schwartzberg, Johnetta Blakely, Mark Keaton, Fred Schnell, David Henry, Steven Tucker
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Rodrigo Cavallazzi, Timothy Wiemken, Julio Ramirez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We thank Aggarwal and colleagues for their comments on our article [1].They raise four important points for discussion.First, that tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease, and duration of symptoms is an important factor differentiating tuberculous from non-tuberculous pneumonia.Secondly, that in India a large proportion of the population is infected with TB, thus making prior exposure to TB of questionable relevance as a risk factor.Thirdly, that absence of risk factors should not mean exclusion of TB.They suggest that patients with pneumonia should have a sputum test for acid-fast bacilli, even in the absence of risk factors, in areas of high burden of TB.Fourthly, that more prospective research is needed from TB endemic countries.
Evaluation of fish models of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition.
Authors: J W Newman, D L Denton, C Morisseau, C S Koger, C E Wheelock, D E Hinton, B D Hammock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Substituted ureas and carbamates are mechanistic inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). We screened a set of chemicals containing these functionalities in larval fathead minnow (Pimphales promelas) and embryo/larval golden medaka (Oryzias latipes) models to evaluate the utility of these systems for investigating sEH inhibition in vivo. Both fathead minnow and medaka sEHs were functionally similar to the tested mammalian orthologs (murine and human) with respect to substrate hydrolysis and inhibitor susceptibility. Low lethality was observed in either larval or embryonic fish exposed to diuron [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl), N'-dimethyl urea], desmethyl diuron [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl), N'-methyl urea], or siduron [N-(1-methylcyclohexyl), N'-phenyl urea]. Dose-dependent inhibition of sEH was a sublethal effect of substituted urea exposure with the potency of siduron &lt; desmethyl diuron = diuron, differing from the observed in vitro sEH inhibition potency of siduron &gt; desmethyl diuron &gt; diuron. Further, siduron exposure synergized the toxicity of trans-stilbene oxide in fathead minnows. Medaka embryos exposed to diuron, desmethyl diuron, or siduron displayed dose-dependent delays in hatch, and elevated concentrations of diuron and desmethyl diuron produced developmental toxicity. The dose-dependent toxicity and in vivo sEH inhibition correlated, suggesting a potential, albeit undefined, relationship between these factors. Additionally, the observed inversion of in vitro to in vivo potency suggests that these fish models may provide tools for investigating the in vivo stability of in vitro inhibitors while screening for untoward effects.
A CASE OF PREGNANCY, HYDRAMNIOS AND LARGE OVARIAN DERMOID.
Authors: F. F. LAWRENCE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The occurrence of pregnancy complicated by an ovarian tumor while not unique is not of very frequent occurrence. A pregnancy with hydramnios is probably of slightly greater frequency but a pregnancy with hydramnios and a large dermoid cyst of the ovary developing downward so as to completely fill the true pelvis and lift the pregnant uterus entirely above the pelvic brim is, so far as I have been able to learn, unique. In all the literature at my disposal I can find no such case recorded. <h3>History.</h3> —The patient, M. S., was seen with Drs. Ranchous and Fitch early in December, 1903. She was small, anemic, highly nervous, and her abdomen was enlarged to the size of pregnancy near term. She had not menstruated since July, 1903. Menstruated normally in June and just a "slight show" the first week in July. She had suffered little pain, but lately
Gestational Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Richard H. Aster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

It has been known for many years that the platelet-reactive autoantibodies responsible for platelet destruction in chronic idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) can cross the placenta and cause thrombocytopenia in the fetus.1 The frequency and severity of this complication are not directly related to the severity of the disease in the mother and can even occur in infants born to women who have achieved normal platelet levels after a splenectomy. About half the infants born to women with active ITP or a history of the disease have subnormal platelet counts at birth. Usually this condition is mild, and the affected . . .
Premedication in Anesthesia
Authors: James C. McCann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE administration of an anesthetic may be smoothly supplemented or seriously distorted by the use of premedication. The importance of premedication in anesthesia manifests itself in two directions: it has a quieting sedative effect, which renders the patient more amenable to induction, reduces the amount of anesthesia needed for maintenance and prolongs the period of calm following operation; and it manifests side effects, particularly on respiratory activity, which may seriously disrupt the course of anesthesia. The action of the premedicaments in these respects is directly related to tissue susceptibility or idiosyncrasy on the part of the patient.This report is . . .
Decreasing Trends of the Prevalence of Diabetes and Obesity in Korean Women Aged 30–59 Years Over the Past Decade: Results From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2010
Authors: Bo Kyung Koo, Eun Ky Kim, Hoonsung Choi, Kyong Soo Park, Min Kyong Moon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

P values for trends from survey logistic regression to evaluate significance of trend from the 1998 to the 2010 KNHANES.†P values for trends from survey logistic regression adjusting BMI.‡Crude prevalence of diabetes in the subjects aged $30 years without age standardization.**Prevalence of diabetes after age standardization, using the Korean population aged $30 years in the year 2010 as the standard.care.diabetesjournals.org
TREATMENT OF ACUTE RHEUMATISM.
Authors: HENRY B. FAVILL
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The task of discussing the treatment of acute articular rheumatism, as a climax to this exhaustive discourse, is inevitably rather thankless. Decided convictions as to the successful and satisfactory therapy, I have not. Too many times has experience contradicted and reversed previous conclusions to permit me to hold dogmatically to lines of procedure at all inflexible. Too thoroughly ground in upon me are the doubts and disappointments of clinicians, to allow me to harbor the hope of authoritative routine. What I have to offer is a tentative and provisional interpretation of accumulated experience, which seeks to harmonize obvious conflicts in the line of advance of investigations in this field. The history of the subject is full of interest. The frequency of occurrence and ease of diagnosis have made this an inviting field for therapeutic measures. The consequences have, as usual in such circumstances, been more or less disastrous. The number
The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin prevents atrial fibrillation by inhibiting inflammation in a canine sterile pericarditis model
Authors: K Kumagai
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: It has been recently reported that AF is associated with tissue inflammation. Statins reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. However, the effect of statin on atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of statin on AF in a canine sterile pericarditis model. Methods: Sterile pericarditis was created in 20 dogs randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (10 dogs) and an atorvastatin treatment group (10 dogs). Atorvastatin was administered orally (2 mg/kg/day) beginning 1 week before the operation until the end of the study. Before and 2 days after the operation, CRP levels, the duration of induced AF, the atrial effective refractory period (AERP), and intra-atrial conduction time were determined. Results: Before the operation, there were no significant differences in any of the parameters between the two groups. On the second postoperative day, the atorvastatin group had a lower CRP level (7.6±0.5 versus 11.7±1.3 mg/dl, P<0.0001), a shorter AF duration (177±57 versus 534±189 s, P<0.0001), a longer AERP (138±6 versus 130±6 ms, P<0.01), and a shorter intra-atrial conduction time (46±3 versus 51±5 ms, P<0.01) than the control group. Conclusions: Atorvastatin can prevent maintenance of AF by inhibiting inflammation in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Atorvastatin may thus be a novel therapeutic agent for AF.
Gastric Suction: A Proposed Additional Technic for the Prevention of Asphyxia in Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section
Authors: Sydney S. Gellis, Priscilla White, William Pfeffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

IN THE course of a study involving approximately 500 infants born to diabetic mothers,1 it became evident that respiratory difficulty, consisting of increased respiratory rate, cyanosis and retraction of the soft parts of the chest, was the most consistent abnormal finding in the neonatal course of these infants. These signs were frequently present at birth but also appeared several hours after birth and could not be correlated with hypoglycemia, cerebral injury or atelectasis, or with the cardiac hypertrophy that Miller2 has found in such infants. The great majority of these infants had been delivered by cesarean section; it is well . . .
A Pathological Basis for Sudden Death in Eight Generations.
Authors: J. Russell Green
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965A Pathological Basis for Sudden Death in Eight Generations.J. Russell Green Jr., M.D., L. Jerome Krovetz, M.D., Ph.D., Douglas R. Shanklin, M.D., James J. DeVito, M.D., W. Jape Taylor, M.D.J. Russell Green Jr., M.D., L. Jerome Krovetz, M.D., Ph.D., Douglas R. Shanklin, M.D., James J. DeVito, M.D., W. Jape Taylor, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-906_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe sudden death of a 16-year-old boy and his 14-year-old sister led to the establishment of a family pedigree encompassing eight generations with historical details on 127 members, and to the clinical study of 20 members of current generations. Twenty-one cases of unexpected death in both sexes, dating back to the early 1800's, have been recorded. The age at the time of death ranged from 3 to 58 with an average age of 33. However, in one subgroup of the family in which 10 deaths occurred, the average age at time of death was 17 years.Syncope of variable frequency... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Gainesville, Florida PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 906-906KeywordsSyncope Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Asking About Domestic Violence: SAFE Questions
Authors: Mary Louise C. Ashur
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Four clinical interview questions, the SAFE questions, have proved useful in helping to make a diagnosis of domestic violence among adult women. The questions focus on Stress and Safety, Abuse, Friends' and Family's knowledge of the woman's situation, and Emergency plans. Analogous to the CAGE<sup>1</sup>(Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) questions detecting alcoholism, the SAFE questions provide the physician with an easy method of screening all women for physical or psychological violence in their families or intimate relationships. The medical diagnosis of domestic violence cannot be made solely based on these questions, but physicians can use the questions to determine their index of suspicion for the existence of domestic violence and pursue further inquiry or intervention. Two or three affirmative answers create a high index of suspicion for domestic violence. Domestic violence, also known as partner violence, wife abuse, intimate violence, and family violence, is characterized
Sessions III and IV: Medical education information systems: Role of lister hill center in research/development; Demonstrations of prototype medical education and information systems
Authors: Harold M. Schoolman, Michael Weisberg, Karen Armstead, Victor Carr, William Harless, Lawrence C. Kingsland, Craig N. Locatis, Suzanne Mayse, Joseph Mingioli, James Woods
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Book: Life Without Disease: The Pursuit of Medical Utopia
Authors: S. Birch
Journal: BMJ (1999)

William B Schwartz University of California Press California £17.95 pp 159 ISBN 0 520 21467 6 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Schwartz provides a framework for understanding how the increasing potential of a disease-free existence can be reconciled with the pressure for containing costs in a US context. To understand where we are and where we may be headed, the book is divided into separate sections focused on the last half of the 20th century, the next 20 years, and the period leading up to 2050. Each section begins with a discussion of actual or prospective developments in … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
US doctors and nurses clash over roles
Authors: F. B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A group of nurse practitioners opened a primary care practice in Manhattan last month, inflaming a longstanding conflict over the clinical role of different health professionals.

The four nurses in the practice, who diagnose and treat common ailments, are accredited as primary care providers by several big health maintenance organisations. They will receive the same managed care rates-$50-$60 (£31-£37) per visit-as primary care doctors. The practice is under the auspices of the Columbia University School …
Absolute concentrations of high-energy phosphate metabolites in normal, hypertrophied, and failing human myocardium measured noninvasively with 31P-SLOOP magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Meinrad Beer, Tobias Seyfarth, Jörn Sandstede, Wilfried Landschütz, Claudia Lipke, Herbert Köstler, Markus von Kienlin, Kerstin Harre, Dietbert Hahn, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Increased NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated superoxide production in renovascular hypertension: Evidence for an involvement of protein kinase C
Authors: Thomas Heitzer, Ulrich Wenzel, Ulrich Hink, Dirk Krollner, Mikhail Skatchkov, Rolf A.K. Stahl, Roland Macharzina, Jan H. Bräsen, Thomas Meinertz, Thomas Münzel
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters
Authors: Jeffrey D. Rothstein, Lee Martin, Allan I. Levey, Margaret Dykes-Hoberg, Lin Jin, David Wu, Norman Nash, Ralph W. Kuncl
Journal: Neuron (1994)

The cellular and subcellular distributions of the glutamate transporter subtypes EAAC1, GLT-1, and GLAST in the rat CNS were demonstrated using anti-peptide antibodies that recognize the C-terminal domains of each transporter. On immunoblots, the antibodies specifically recognize proteins of 65-73 kDa in total brain homogenates. Immunocytochemistry shows that glutamate transporter subtypes are distributed differentially within neurons and astroglia. EAAC1 is specific for certain neurons, such as large pyramidal cortical neurons and Purkinje cells, but does not appear to be selective for glutamatergic neurons. GLT-1 is localized only to astroglia. GLAST is found in both neurons and astroglia. The regional localizations are unique to each transporter subtype. EAAC1 is highly enriched in the cortex, hippocampus, and caudate-putamen and is confined to pre- and postsynaptic elements. GLT-1 is distributed in astrocytes throughout the brain and spinal cord. GLAST is most abundant in Bergmann glia in the cerebellar molecular layer brain, but is also present in the cortex, hippocampus, and deep cerebellar nuclei.