tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemic of Bilateral Optic Neuropathy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Paul J. Dolin, Abdirisak A. Mohamed, Gordon T. Plant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Myocardial Infarction in Women and MenTo the Editor: Malacrida et al. (Jan. 1 issue) 1 describe a hospital-based analysis of the outcome of acute myocardial infarction in women and men.They conclude that, after adjustment for various prognostic factors including age, there is a small independent association between female sex and early mortality and morbidity after suspected acute myocardial infarction.However, they do not refer to the study by Sonke et al., 2 who used community-based data in Auckland, New Zealand.They reported that the higher in-hospital case fatality rate in women after acute cardiac events was largely explained by the lower case fatality rate before admission to the hospital.Overall, the 28-day case fatality rate for all events was similar in men and in women.The authors suggested that there may be more sudden or early deaths among men, with the result that lower-risk men arrive at the hospital, whereas women may survive long enough to get to the hospital before dying.Their findings are supported by the World Health Organization's Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, 3 which used community registers in 38 countries.Of deaths occurring within 28 days after the onset of acute myocardial infarction, 37 percent occurred within 1 hour and 55 percent within 24 hours among the men, and 30 percent occurred within 1 hour and 48 percent within 24 hours among the women.Much effort has been expended in trying to explain dif-ferences in case fatality rates, whether on the basis of sex, ethnic group, or medical management, in hospitalized patients.The substantial proportion of sudden deaths with acute myocardial infarction that occur before hospitalization and their possible differential occurrence should remind us of the limitations of using hospital-based data alone, however large the numbers, in arriving at any firm conclusions about the overall prognosis of acute myocardial infarction.
Comparison of Effect of Salbutamol and Isoprenaline on Spirometry and Blood-gas Tensions in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: K. N. V. Palmer, J. S. Legge, W. F. D. Hamilton, M. L. Diament
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The effect of the aerosol inhalation of 200 μg. of salbutamol and 1,000 μg. of isoprenaline on spirometry and blood-gas tensions was compared in the same 11 asthmatic subjects. Both drugs significantly reduced airway obstruction, and the extent of the reduction did not differ for periods of up to 30 minutes. After isoprenaline tachycardia and a small significant fall in arterial oxygen tension occurred, whereas after salbutamol there was no change in pulse rate and the arterial oxygen tension did not fall.
Migraine Mutations Increase Stroke Vulnerability by Facilitating Ischemic Depolarizations
Authors: Katharina Eikermann-Haerter, Jeong Hyun Lee, Izumi Yuzawa, Christina H. Liu, Zhipeng Zhou, Hwa Kyoung Shin, Yi Zheng, Tao Qin, Tobias Kurth, Christian Waeber, Michel D. Ferrari, Arn M.J.M. van den Maagdenberg, Michael A. Moskowitz, Cenk Ayata
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Migraine is an independent risk factor for stroke. Mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), a migraine subtype that also carries an increased stroke risk, is a useful model for common migraine phenotypes because of shared aura and headache features, trigger factors, and underlying glutamatergic mechanisms. Methods and Results— Here, we show that FHM type 1 (FHM1) mutations in Ca V 2.1 voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels render the brain more vulnerable to ischemic stroke. Compared with wild-type mice, 2 FHM1 mutant mouse strains developed earlier onset of anoxic depolarization and more frequent peri-infarct depolarizations associated with rapid expansion of infarct core on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and larger perfusion deficits on laser speckle flowmetry. Cerebral blood flow required for tissue survival was higher in the mutants, leading to infarction with milder ischemia. As a result, mutants developed larger infarcts and worse neurological outcomes after stroke, which were selectively attenuated by a glutamate receptor antagonist. Conclusions— We propose that enhanced susceptibility to ischemic depolarizations akin to spreading depression predisposes migraineurs to infarction during mild ischemic events, thereby increasing the stroke risk.
Immediate Curettage and Electrodesiccation Following Biopsy of Suspected Basal Cell Carcinoma at Initial Visit
Authors: Fiona Zwald
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Estrogen Therapy and Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Aman U Buzdar, Nylene E. Eckles, Charles K. Tashima
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Stimulation of breast cancer by estrogen therapy is a phenomenon, though rare, that has been appreciated for many years. Huseby 1 reported its occurrence in less than 1% in his series. Various manifestations have been reported as evidence of tumor stimulation, such as hypercalcemia, increase in bone pain, and progression of soft tissue disease. At times it is difficult to determine whether the observations noted indicate exacerbation, spontaneous progression, or a nonspecific estrogen effect. We had an unusual encounter with a patient in whom such excruciating pain developed after administration of one 5-mg tablet of diethylstilbestrol that acute pancreatitis was considered in the differential diagnosis.  Report of a Case.—  A 58-year-old woman underwent left radical mastectomy in 1959 and received postoperative radiation therapy. She did well until January 1974, when pains in her back and chest cage developed. Roentgenograms revealed extensive osteolytic metastases throughout the skeleton. She had
The Adrenogenital Syndrome.
Authors: A. M. Bongiovanni
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963The Adrenogenital Syndrome.A. M. Bongiovanni, M.D.A. M. Bongiovanni, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-722_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is now well established, through the work of various investigators, that the adrenogenital syndrome due to congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia in man is an "inborn error of metabolism." The prime defect lies in the biosynthetic pathway of cortisol, and it is recognized that this impediment may vary in degree. Three sites of deficient hydroxylation, presumably relating to 3 enzymes, along the course of several biochemical transactions in the production of cortisol, have been defined. The demonstration of an accumulation of excessive steroidal metabolites in urine (or blood) serves to "mark" the faulty step and to establish the diagnosis. The single... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 722-722KeywordsBloodCortisolEnzymesInborn errors of metabolismMetabolitesUrine Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Increased susceptibility to lipid oxidation of low-density lipoproteins and erythrocyte membranes from diabetic patients
Authors: Rosa A. Rabini, Paolo Fumelli, R. Galassi, Nicole Dousset, Marina Taus, Gianna Ferretti, Laura Mazzanti, Giovanna Curatola, Marie L. Solera, Pierre Valdiguié
Journal: Metabolism (1994)
Electrocardiographic body surface mapping in patients with ventricular tachycardia. Assessment of utility in the identification of effective pharmacological therapy.
Authors: L B Mitchell, C L Hubley-Kozey, E R Smith, D G Wyse, H J Duff, A M Gillis, B M Horacek
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Body surface maps of net QRST deflection areas (isointegrals) reflect regional ventricular repolarization properties. Vulnerability to ventricular tachyarrhythmias is associated with maps that feature multiple islands (extrema) of positive and negative values; such maps reflect regional disparity of ventricular recovery properties. The value of body surface mapping in prediction of the efficacy of antiarrhythmic therapy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias has not been determined. METHODS AND RESULTS Isointegral ECG body surface mapping was performed in 51 patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia having programmed stimulation studies at baseline and after oral quinidine therapy. The degree of nondipolarity of QRST isointegral distribution was expressed by the number of extrema and by the percentage contribution of nondipolar eigenvectors after Karhunen-Loeve transformation. QRST isointegral nondipolarity was greater in ventricular tachycardia patients than in 51 age- and sex-matched normal subjects expressed as mean number of extrema (4.1 +/- 2.8 versus 2.0 +/- 0.2, respectively), mean eigenvector-determined nondipolar content percentages (12.4 +/- 10.1% versus 4.5 +/- 4.9%), prevalence of abnormal numbers of extrema (63% versus 4%), or prevalence of abnormal nondipolar content percentages (33% versus 4%) (each p less than 0.01). Quinidine prevented ventricular tachycardia induction in 14 patients. Patients for whom quinidine was or was not effective had similar nondipolarity indexes at baseline. However, maps on quinidine differed as a function of antiarrhythmic efficacy. Although effective therapy produced no significant mean changes in nondipolarity, ineffective therapy increased the number of extrema compared with baseline (5.4 +/- 3.4 versus 3.8 +/- 2.5, respectively) (p = 0.002). Individually, 43% of patients on effective therapy had drug-induced decreases in numbers of extrema compared with 14% of those on ineffective therapy (p = 0.02). Furthermore, 29% of patients on effective therapy showed drug-induced increases in numbers of extrema compared with 62% of those on ineffective therapy (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS QRST isointegral body surface mapping shows promise as a noninvasive measure of drug efficacy in patients with ventricular tachycardia.
A Type III Secretion Negative Clinical Strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Employs a Two-Partner Secreted Exolysin to Induce Hemorrhagic Pneumonia
Authors: Sylvie Elsen, Philippe Huber, Stéphanie Bouillot, Yohann Couté, Pierre Fournier, Yohann Dubois, Jean-François Timsit, Max Maurin, Ina Attrée
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Diabetes in Mice after Coxsackie B4 Virus Infection
Authors: T. J. Coleman, D. R. Gamble, K. W. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The intraperitoneal inoculation of CD(1) mice with Coxsackie virus B(4) resulted in the raising of blood sugar levels to diabetic values 12 days after the administration of the virus. Serum insulin remained inappropriately low. Light microscopy changes in the islets of Langerhans showed mononuclear cell infiltration of the islets and marked degranulation of the beta cells. The acinar tissue appeared to be little changed. It is concluded that Coxsackie B(4) virus may cause a diabetic state compatible with islet cell damage.
The broad spectrum of interepithelial junctions in skin and lung
Authors: Jeannette I. Kast, Kerstin Wanke, Michael B. Soyka, Paulina Wawrzyniak, Deniz Akdis, Külli Kingo, Ana Rebane, Cezmi A. Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Action potential propagation in a thick strand of cardiac muscle.
Authors: B J Roth
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

A theoretical model of action potential propagation in a thick strand of cardiac muscle is presented. The calculation takes into account the anisotropic and syncytial properties of the tissue, the presence of the interstitial space, the effect of the surrounding tissue bath, and the variation of the potential both along the strand length and across the strand cross section. The bidomain model is used to represent the electrical properties of the tissue, and the Ebihara-Johnson model is used to represent the properties of the active sodium channels. The calculated wave front is curved, with the action potential at the surface of the strand leading that at the center. The rate of rise of the action potential and the time constant of the action potential foot vary with depth into the tissue. The velocity of the wave front is nearly independent of strand radius for radii greater than 0.5 mm. The conduction velocity decreases as the volume fraction of the interstitial space decreases. In the limit of tightly packed cells, an action potential propagates quickly over the surface of the strand; the bulk of the tissue is then excited by a slow inward wave front initiated on the surface. This model does not predict an increase in conduction velocity when cells are tightly packed, a hypothesis that has been proposed previously to explain the fast conduction velocity in Purkinje fibers of some species.
Observations on Tc-99m-Erythrocyte Venography in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: R LISBONA, J LEGER, J STERN, V DERBEKYAN, B SKINNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Blood pool imaging of the lower limbs with Tc-99m-erythrocytes demonstrates the deep venous channels of the leg. The radionuclide image of deep vein thrombosis, by this method, appears sufficiently distinctive to suggest that Tc-99m-erythrocyte venography may be a useful screening examination for deep vein patency.
American College of Physicians Guidelines on Cholesterol Screening
Authors: Scott M. Grundy, Thomas A. Pearson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 December 1996American College of Physicians Guidelines on Cholesterol ScreeningRonald A. Fronduti, MDRonald A. Fronduti, MDDrexel Hill, PA 19026.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Opinions on a controversial subject are always appreciated, and so I read with interest the articles and guidelines on cholesterol screening in the 1 March 1996 issue [1, 2]. However, one area that seems no clearer than before is cholesterol screening and treatment in the elderly patient with established heart disease. Many older patients who have had one or more heart attacks and have high cholesterol levels are not receiving treatment, and they may not even be aware that their cholesterol levels are elevated. In my experience, this is not a rare or hypothetical situation.The guidelines ...References1. American College of Physicians. Guidelines for using serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels as screening tests for preventing coronary heart disease in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:515-7. Google Scholar2. Garber AM, Browner WS, Hulley SB. Cholesterol screening in asymptomatic adults, revisited. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:518-31. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ronald A. Fronduti, MDAffiliations: Drexel Hill, PA 19026. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1996Volume 125, Issue 12Page: 1007KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCholesterolCoronary heart diseaseElderlyHypercholesterolemiaLipidsMortalityMyocardial infarctionScreening guidelines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Operating Room Nursing: The Perioperative Role
Authors: Phyllis E. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This is a well-organized and comprehensive book on operating room (OR) nursing. History buffs will enjoy the detailed descriptions and photographs of the evolution of surgery. Almost every chapter begins with a pertinent historical review, such as the development of anesthesia. While this book will find its largest audience in student nurses and practicing OR nurses, it would be worthwhile for surgeons and anesthesiologists to read, particularly the chapter describing the perioperative role. Physicians and nurses work in a close colleagial relationship in the OR, dependent on each other for a successful and rewarding professional practice. Yet, few physicians or nurses really understand each other's professional expectations. This book clearly defines the professional practice of OR nursing. Physicians who support and encourage such professionalism will certainly gain respect from their nursing colleagues. A great deal of attention has been devoted to the format of this book. Topics follow in logical
Points from Letters: Vaginal Cytology
Authors: S. A. Way
Journal: BMJ (1974)

pancreatitis are very variable and comparisons should be made cautiously.Corlett and Mishell considered early diag- nosis to be important in the management of the disease.Apart from pethidine and the debatable use of anticholinergics they sug- gest giving dextran to decrease pancreatic secretions.They also suggest giving saline intravenously initially since blood sugar levels influence pancreatic secretions, both exocrine and endocrine.However, there is probably an equally good argument for giving dextrose initially to prevent any vagal stimulation associated with hypoglycaemia.Glucagon is certainly a hyperglycaemic drug and may act in this way.It may yet be shown that it is the first few bottles of intravenous fluid which influence the outcome of the acute attack rather than recent therapeutic innovations.-Iam, etc.,
TCT-400 Everolimus-Eluting Stent and Dedicated 2-Stent Strategy in Complex 'True' Bifurcation Lesion with Major Side Branch Involvement
Authors: Nisharahmed I. Kherada, Marco G. Mennuni, Omar A. Meelu, Samantha Sartori, Usman Baber, Swapna Sayeneni, Swathi Roy, Linsey Walker, Bibhu D. Mohanty, Matthew Tomey, Patrick Looser, Pedro R. Moreno, Prakash Krishnan, Jason Kovacic, Robert T. Pyo, Joe Sweeny, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Samin Sharma, Annapoorna Kini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Monocyte α‐naphtyl esterase deficiency in chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Marie‐Anne Gougerot‐Pocidalo, Diego Buriot, Claude Griscelli, Jacques Hakim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Monocytes from five unrelated children (four boys and a girl) with chronic granulomatous disease were studied for their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium dye after stimulation with zymosan, and for their α‐naphtyl butyrate esterase activity. As expected, monocytes ingested zymosan particles but failed to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium dye. However, monocytes from two boys out of the five patients were α‐naphtyl butyrate esterase‐negative, whereas both their neutrophils and monocytes were positive for granular naphtol AS‐D esterase activity.
Extremely high dose pravastatin may suppress amyloidogenesis in a mouse model
Authors: S Shtrasburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Blockade of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) using infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNFα, is an effective treatment in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. 1 2 Sifikakis reported success using infliximab in sight threatening Behçet's disease. 3 A preliminary study has also reported clinical improvements in the primary systemic vasculitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, with the soluble TNFα receptor etanercept. 4 The benefit of lenercept, a soluble p55 TNFα receptor fusion protein, on digital vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis has also been reported. 5 We report the compassionate treatment of six patients with refractory vasculitis using infliximab.Diagnoses were Wegener's granulomatosis in three and microscopic polyangiitis in three.Three patients were positive for proteinase-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCA) and one for myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA.Four were female, with a mean age of 58 years (range 23-77) and mean disease duration of 3.5 years.All had had at least three clinical relapses and had received prolonged treatment with corticosteroids and at least four immunosuppressive drugs.At the time of infliximab treatment the eyes were affected in four patients and the lung in three; in addition, five had profound constitutional symptoms.The mean prednisolone dose was 17 mg.Three intravenous doses of infliximab 200 mg were given at monthly intervals for three months.One patient complained of fatigue, myalgia, and blurred vision 24 hours after the first infusion, which did not recur on rechallenge.Infliximab was otherwise well tolerated.Five patients had remission of their disease, four within two weeks of treatment.This allowed steroid withdrawal in three and reduction by more than 50% in two.Disease activity assessed by the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Scores (BVAS) improved from a mean of 6.3 to 0.8 at three months (fig 1). 6 One patient receiving continued infliximab for six months relapsed when the treatment interval was extended to two months.Mean falls in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein were 17 mm/1st h and 13 mg/l, respectively.The ANCA status was unchanged.Anti-TNFα treatment heralds a new wave of specifically targeted biological interventions of potential value in the treatment of vasculitis.It offers the hope of improved therapeutic efficacy over current agents and the possibility of reducing exposure to steroids and immunosuppressive drugs.Further studies are warranted to confirm these observations and explore the role of infliximab as a component of initial protocols.. . . . . .