tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bullous pemphigoid successfully controlled by tetracycline and nicotinamide
Authors: D. N. KOLBACH, J. J. REMME, W. H. BOS, M. F. JONKMAN, M. C.J.M. JONG, H. H. PAS, J. B. MEER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In 1986, Berk and Lorincz reported the efficacy of tetracycline and nicotinamide in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid (BP). In the present study of seven patients with BP, we found that a regimen of 2 g tetracycline combined with 2 g nicotinamide daily was effective in clearing the skin lesions. Total remission was achieved within 6-8 weeks, after which the dose was gradually tapered. The mean duration of therapy was 7 months. No effect on the titre of antibasement membrane antibodies was observed. The mode of action of this therapy is unknown.
Use of Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famciclovir in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Risk of Birth Defects
Authors: Björn Pasternak
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Herpes simplex and herpes zoster infections are common and often treated with antiviral drugs including acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. Safety of these antivirals when used in the first trimester of pregnancy is insufficiently documented.To investigate associations between exposure to acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir in the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of major birth defects.Population-based historical cohort study of 837,795 live-born infants in Denmark from January 1, 1996, to September 30, 2008. Participants had no diagnoses of chromosomal aberrations, genetic syndromes, birth defect syndromes with known causes, or congenital viral infections. Nationwide registries were used to ascertain individual-level information on dispensed antiviral drugs, birth defect diagnoses (categorized according to a standardized classification scheme), and potential confounders.Prevalence odds ratios (PORs) of any major birth defect diagnosed within the first year of life by exposure to antiviral drugs.Among 1804 pregnancies exposed to acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir in the first trimester, 40 infants (2.2%) were diagnosed with a major birth defect compared with 19,920 (2.4%) among the unexposed (adjusted POR, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.22). For individual antivirals, a major birth defect was diagnosed in 32 of 1561 infants (2.0%) with first-trimester exposure to acyclovir (adjusted POR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.57-1.17) and in 7 of 229 infants (3.1%) with first-trimester exposure to valacyclovir (adjusted POR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.56-2.62). Famciclovir exposure was uncommon (n = 26), with 1 infant (3.8%) diagnosed with a birth defect. Exploratory analyses revealed no associations between antiviral drug exposure and 13 different subgroups of birth defects, but the number of exposed cases in each subgroup was small.In this large nationwide cohort, exposure to acyclovir or valacyclovir in the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of major birth defects.
Phase 1-2a Multicenter Dose-Ranging Study of Canfosfamide in Combination with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as First-Line Therapy for Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lecia V. Sequist, Panos M. Fidias, Jennifer S. Temel, Tatjana Kolevska, Michael S. Rabin, Ralph V. Boccia, Howard A. Burris, Robert J. Belt, Mark S. Huberman, Ostap Melnyk, Glenn M. Mills, Craig W. Englund, David C. Caldwell, James G. Keck, Lisa Meng, Marsha Jones, Gail L. Brown, Martin J. Edelman, Thomas J. Lynch
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Medical ethics and the potentialities of the living being
Authors: D. Kirby
Journal: BMJ (1985)

patients with apparently high diagnostic yield.These findings suggest that the results of these examinations contribute to patient management, but this question can be answered only by a prospective efficacy study.Although "doctors are trained to act and not to think,"' our data suggest that more consideration might perhaps be given by a general practitioner in requesting a barium meal examination than by a young gastroenterologist anxious to perform an endoscopy.
Once-Daily Administration of 2′,3′-Dideoxyinosine (ddI) in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS-Related Complex
Authors: Timothy P. Cooley, Laureen M. Kunches, Carol A. Saunders, Jitka K. Ritter, Christopher J. Perkins, Colin McLaren, Ronald P. McCaffrey, Howard A. Liebman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We conducted a Phase I open-label trial of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddI) for the treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and severe AIDS-related complex. A single daily dose of ddI was administered orally to 34 patients (17 with AIDS and 17 with AIDS-related complex) for a median of 12 weeks (range, 2 to 56). We studied six dose levels from 1.6 to 30.4 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. Of the 17 patients previously treated with zidovudine, 13 had had hematologic side effects.
Viral infection of vascular endothelial cells alters production of colony-stimulating activity.
Authors: S L Gerson, H M Friedman, D B Cines
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Viral infections in humans are frequently associated with granulocytopenia and/or granulocytosis. Such changes in myelopoiesis could result from infection of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (CFC-GM) or changes in the production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Endothelial cells are a known source of CSA and may be transiently or persistently infected during a number of viral infections, including infection with herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) and measles virus. Therefore, we examined the effect of endothelial cell infection with these two viruses on the production of CSA. Uninfected passaged endothelial cells produce CSA when stimulated by the continual presence of a factor present in medium conditioned by peripheral blood monocytes (MCM). Within 4 h of infection with HSV-I, endothelial cells no longer produced CSA in response to MCM. In contrast, measles virus infection induced CSA production by passaged endothelial cells even in the absence of MCM. Measles virus-induced CSA production was maximal at 24 h and required the presence of live virus within the endothelial cells. The effects of HSV-I and measles virus on CSA production were not dependent on alterations in the production of alpha- or gamma-interferon by the infected endothelial cells. Infection with HSV-I did not stimulate endothelial cells to release any detectable interferon. In contrast, the supernatants of the measles-infected cells contained only beta-interferon, a known inhibitor of CFC-GM development. These studies suggest that CSA production by endothelial cells is directly altered by infection with HSV-I and measles virus. An alteration in CSA production might contribute to changes in myelopoiesis that frequently accompany viral infection in humans.
Anesthesia in the Epileptic Patient
Authors: Martin I. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  In Dr. Livingston's erudite and complete answer to the question of the administration of anesthesia in the epileptic patient (210:2401, 1969), no comment was made about conduction anesthesia. The value of a skillfully administered subarachnoid or epidural procedure in a well-sedated epileptic patient cannot be denied. On the other hand, in recent years neuropharmacologic evidence strongly suggests that an overdosage or a high blood level of a local  is particularly dangerous in the potentially convulsive patient. One is also interested in the meaning of anesthetic convulsions and cortical excitation caused by some of these  drugs. Since virtually all anesthetics are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and, as Dr. Livingston suggests, have been used as has diethyl ether for controlling prolonged status epilepticus, one wonders if other reasons, such as anoxia, hypercarbia, and fever, are the real culprits during an anesthetic convulsion. One might also
The Lewis A. Conner Memorial Lecture
Authors: LOUIS N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation (1960)

ONCE AGAIN we are gathered to pay our respects to the memory of Dr. Lewis Atterbury Conner through this lectureship established by the American Heart Association in his honor.This was a fitting act, for Dr. Conner was one of its founders, served as one of its early presidents, and created the first official journal of the Association, the Ameri- can Heart Journal, of which he was the first Editor.More thaii this, he played a continuing prominent role in the development of the As- sociation for many years.I came to know Dr. Conner in the last years of his distinguished career when he had become a legendary figure of the ideal internist and cardiologist.I remember him as tall anld upright, reserved and poised, kindly and vig- orous-a man one could readily admire.Over a long and active life, he showed by his writings and teachings that he was more than a bed- side physician.
Measles and Rubella Eradication in Alaska
Authors: Mickey Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The Alaska Department of Health and Social Services has instituted a special surveillance program to investigate every suspected case of measles and rubella. Clinical and epidemiologic information is obtained, and serologic testing is performed to confirm all tentative diagnoses. In 1974, forty-one cases were investigated, and none were confirmed as measles or rubella. This record is attributed to high immunization levels and rapid epidemiologic follow-up of all suspected cases. We believe that this program can be easily instituted in other states, particularly those with a limited number of reported cases. (<i>JAMA</i>235:179-180, 1976)
Medical Comorbidity Affects Antidepressant Treatment Response in Patients with Melancholic Depression
Authors: K. Pohle, K. Domschke, T. Roehrs, V. Arolt, B.T. Baune
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

This study aimed at the impact of medical comorbidity (MC) on response to antidepressant treatment over 6 weeks in diagnostic subtypes of patients with major depressive episode (MDE).In a clinical sample of 241 admitted patients with MDE, MC was assessed by medical specialists and weekly response to antidepressant treatment was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D 21).Over 6 weeks of treatment, patients with melancholic depression and MC had poorer treatment response on the HAM-D scale and a worse functional outcome (GAF) as opposed to their counterparts without MC, which was first detected after 4 weeks of treatment (p = 0.02). More specifically, subjects with melancholic depression and cardiovascular or endocrinological MC showed significantly poorer treatment response over 6 weeks. Interestingly, these effects were not related to various antidepressant treatment regimens.MC has a negative impact on treatment response in patients with melancholic depression.
Cell-based Immunotherapy Against Gliomas: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: M Sarah S Bovenberg, M Hannah Degeling, Bakhos A Tannous
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Glioblastoma (GBM) comprises 51% of all gliomas and is the most malignant form of brain tumors with a median survival of 18-21 months. Standard-of-care treatment includes maximal surgical resection of the tumor mass in combination with radiation and chemotherapy. However, as the poor survival rate indicates, these treatments have not been effective in preventing disease progression. Cellular immunotherapy is currently being explored as therapeutic approach to treat malignant brain tumors. In this review, we discuss advances in active, passive, and vaccine-based immunotherapeutic strategies for gliomas both at the bench and in the clinic.
Asthma
Authors: Eric K. Chu, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

There have been four types of drug treatment of asthma that have been used over the past 100 years. Belladonna alkaloids, derived from the thorn-apple plant were used in 1905, and chemically synthesized entities in this class are still in use today. Western medicine began to use adrenergic stimulants approximately 100 years ago, but they were likely used in Asian medicine long before that. Systemic treatment with corticosteroids was introduced into the treatment of asthma in the mid-20th century; inhaled corticosteroids have been in use for over 35 years. The last 40 years have also seen the development of the first targeted asthma treatments: cromones, antileukotrienes, and anti-IgE. As we learn more of the biology of asthma, we anticipate that more effective targeted asthma treatments will be developed.
PWE-022 Patient Acceptability Of A Novel, Non-invasive Method Of Colonic Sampling For Biomarker Analysis: Abstract PWE-022 Table 1
Authors: V Chhaya, A Poullis, T Bandaletova, A Loktionov
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Biomarker analysis is commonly used for the diagnosis of those presenting with colorectal symptoms and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the acceptability of stool sampling is poor. It is proposed that material rich in the colonic mucocellular layer is deposited on the anal surface post-defaecation and can be sampled for biomarker analysis. Our aim was to develop a novel, non-invasive method of material collection post-defaecation and assess patient acceptability. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with IBD (active cases and those in remission), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and a group of healthy volunteers were recruited. Participants were instructed to collect material from the surface of the anus immediately post-defaecation using a specially designed swab covered with flocked nylon (designed by DiagNodus Ltd). The collection process and preparation of samples was performed by patients at home using a specially designed kit. Samples were mailed back, ready for cytological and immunochemical analysis. Patients were provided with kits and asked to collect and return samples at predefined time-points. Patients completed a simple questionnaire to evaluate: (a) procedure convenience/acceptability, (b) ease of sample collection, (c) adequacy of time required for sampling and (d) overall impression each using a 5-point rating scale (1=poor to 5=good). <h3>Results</h3> 112 patients were recruited comprising of 60 patients with active IBD, 14 patients with IBD in remission, 31 patients with IBS and 7 healthy volunteers. Collected samples were returned by 97 (86.6%) study participants (88.3% of patients with active IBD, 78.6% of patients with IBD in remission, 87.1% of patients with IBS and 100% of healthy volunteers). Completed questionnaires were returned by 92 trial participants (94.8% of those providing samples). The mean and standard deviation (SD) of participant responses is provided in the table below. Sampling was not associated with discomfort or harm. The material obtained proved suitable for both cytological assessment and protein biomarker estimation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Material from the colonic mucocellular layer deposited in the anal area following defaecation is readily collectable using our specially designed kit and can provide material for both cytological assessment and biomarker quantification. This simple, reliable process is well tolerated and convenient as patients can provide samples from the comfort of their own home. This new technique warrants further study in different patient groups. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> V. Chhaya: None Declared, A. Poullis: None Declared, T. Bandaletova Shareholder of: DiagNodus Ltd, Conflict with: Founder of DiagNodus Ltd, A. Loktionov Shareholder of: DiagNodus Ltd, Conflict with: Founder of DiagNodus Ltd.
Collagenous colitis in Orebro, Sweden, an epidemiological study 1984-1993.
Authors: J Bohr, C Tysk, S Eriksson, G Jarnerot
Journal: Gut (1995)

The incidence and prevalence of collagenous colitis are unknown. An epidemiological study was undertaken between 1984-93. All patients living in the immediate catchment area of Orebro Medical Center Hospital with the diagnosis collagenous colitis were identified. Biopsy specimens classified as unspecific intestinal fibrosis were re-examined to identify cases not correctly diagnosed at first. Medical records were scrutinised and colorectal biopsy specimens re-evaluated. Thirty patients with collagenous colitis were diagnosed during the study period. The female:male ratio was 9:1. The median age at diagnosis was 64 (28-78) years. The prevalence at 31 December 1993, was 15.7/10(5) inhabitants (95% CI; 9.8 to 21.6/10(5)). The mean annual incidence during the period 1984-93 was 1.8/10(5) inhabitants (95% CI; 1.2 to 2.4/10(5)). A peak incidence was found in women 70-79 years old. Collagenous colitis occurs mainly in middle aged women, and the frequency is higher than earlier anticipated. The prevalence and incidence is similar to primary biliary cirrhosis. In women 70-79 years of age, the incidence for collagenous colitis approaches the incidence for ulcerative colitis.
Increased competition threatens to undermine aims of white paper, says BMA
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Positive elements of the government’s plans for the NHS in England—such as giving more control to patients and frontline clinicians and a stronger focus on public health—are under threat from other aspects that seek to accelerate competition in the health service, the BMA has warned.

In its response to the Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS white paper ( BMJ 2010;341:c3796, 14 Jul, doi:10.1136/bmj.c3796), the BMA says it is interested in exploring proposals for most services to be commissioned by consortiums …
Intermittent claudication: prevalence and risk factors.
Authors: W G Hughson, J I Mann, A Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Risk factors for intermittent claudication (IC) were studied in 54 patients--that is, all patients with IC on the lists of two general practices--and 108 controls. Smoking was the factor most strongly associated with the development of IC, but systolic and diastolic blood pressures and concentrations of triglyceride, urate, and fibrinogen were all significantly higher among the patients with IC than the controls. The presence of more than one factor appeared to be associated with a multiplicative increase in risk. Cholesterol, an important risk factor for ischaemic heart disease, was not associated with an increased risk of IC. IC was present in about 2% of the men and 1% of the women, who were aged 45-69 years. These findings suggest that IC, a common and disabling manifestation of atheroslcerosis, may be largely preventable.
SMLTREE, Version 1.4, 1986.
Authors: THOMAS E. GETZEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Software1 October 1986SMLTREE, Version 1.4, 1986.THOMAS E. GETZEN, Ph.D.THOMAS E. GETZEN, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-641_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSMLTREE is an excellent program used for drawing, calculating, and analyzing decision trees for clinical and other purposes. The program works right away and has an installation program that can be called with a single command. After 2 hours of working with the tutorial program, a person who can use other software can draw, graph, and perform sensitivity analysis.The strength of the program is that it forces the user to frame a problem in a decision-analysis format. Movement within and modification of SMLTREE follows a natural logic based on the nodes and their relationship to each other. Calculating power... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Temple University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4Page: 641-641KeywordsDecision trees Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Aortic Valvuloplasty in Pediatric Patients Substantially Postpones the Need for Aortic Valve Surgery
Authors: Sohrab Fratz, Hans Peter Gildein, Gunter Balling, Walter Sebening, Thomas Genz, Andreas Eicken, John Hess
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Aortic valvuloplasty (AoVP) is an established procedure regarded as a valid alternative for surgical management of congenital aortic valve stenosis. However, its long-term efficacy in preventing or postponing aortic valve surgery remains uncertain for the individual patient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the long-term results of AoVP in pediatric patients and its efficacy in preventing or postponing aortic valve surgery.We reviewed up to 17.5 years of follow-up data of all 188 patients who received AoVP at the Deutsches Herzzentrum München. The patients were divided into those < 1 month of age (group < 1 month; n=68) and those > or = 1 month of age (group > or = 1 month; n=120) at the time of AoVP. After the first and second AoVP, moderate and severe aortic regurgitation developed in 29% and 14%, respectively, of the patients in group < 1 month and in 19% and 29%, respectively, of the patients in group > or = 1 month. Survival after 10 years free from aortic valve surgery was 59% (95% confidence interval, 45 to 73) in group < 1 month and 70% (95% confidence interval, 59 to 81) in group > or = 1 month.This study shows that the long-term results of AoVP of congenital aortic valve stenosis in pediatric patients and its efficacy in preventing or postponing aortic valve surgery are very good. About two thirds of the patients are free from aortic valve surgery 10 years after AoVP.
Treatment of angioma serpiginosum using a pulsed tunable dye laser
Authors: C.C. LONG, S.W. LANIGAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Angioma serpiginosum (AS) is a rare vascular naevoid disorder due to ectatic dilation of capillaries in the papillary dermis. The condition is found almost exclusively in females who have grouped erythematous punctate lesions usually on the lower limbs or buttocks, which may be unsightly. We report five patients with AS treated using a Candela SPLT1 pulsed tunable dye laser. All patients had a good to excellent response. The lesion resolved in one patient, virtually resolved in two and is considerably improved in a further patient in whom treatment is continuing. In one patient, the angiomatous lesion improved but the patient developed hyperpigmentation at the treatment site and the treatment has been temporarily suspended. The results suggest that treatment using the pulsed dye laser is very effective for AS and, in most patients, produces an excellent cosmetic result.
A Mitocentric View of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Nele A. Haelterman, Wan Hee Yoon, Hector Sandoval, Manish Jaiswal, Joshua M. Shulman, Hugo J. Bellen
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2014)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, yet the underlying causative molecular mechanisms are ill defined. Numerous observations based on drug studies and mutations in genes that cause PD point to a complex set of rather subtle mitochondrial defects that may be causative. Indeed, intensive investigation of these genes in model organisms has revealed roles in the electron transport chain, mitochondrial protein homeostasis, mitophagy, and the fusion and fission of mitochondria. Here, we attempt to synthesize results from experimental studies in diverse systems to define the precise function of these PD genes, as well as their interplay with other genes that affect mitochondrial function. We propose that subtle mitochondrial defects in combination with other insults trigger the onset and progression of disease, in both familial and idiopathic PD.
Neurosurgical resources and transfer policies for head injuries.
Authors: J S Bryden, B Jennett
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Criteria for transferring head injured patients to a regional neurosurgical unit were changed to enable a larger proportion of patients admitted to primary surgical wards to have a CT scan. The yearly number of transfers doubled, more intracranial haematomas were detected, and mortality from this complication was reduced. To operate such a policy requires seven neurosurgical beds per million for head injuries, given the Glasgow practice of early return of patients to primary surgical wards.