tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relaxin Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Shu Feng, Irina U. Agoulnik, Natalia V. Bogatcheva, Aparna A. Kamat, Bernard Kwabi-Addo, Rile Li, Gustavo Ayala, Michael M. Ittmann, Alexander I. Agoulnik
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

To understand the role of relaxin peptide in prostate cancer, we analyzed the expression of relaxin and its receptor in human prostate cancer samples, the effects of relaxin signaling on cancer cell phenotype in vitro, and the effects of increased serum relaxin concentrations on cancer progression in vivo.The relaxin and its receptor leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 7 (LGR7) expression were studied by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (11 benign and 44 cancer tissue samples) and by relaxin immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays containing 10 normal and 69 cancer samples. The effects of relaxin treatment and endogenous relaxin/LGR7 suppression via short interfering RNA in PC-3 and LNCaP cells were analyzed in vitro. The effect of transgenic relaxin overexpression [Tg(Rln1)] on cancer growth and survival was evaluated in autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP).The relaxin mRNA expression was significantly higher in recurrent prostate cancer samples. In tissue microarrays of the 10 normal tissues, 8 had low staining in epithelial cells, whereas only 1 of 9 high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions had low expression (P = 0.005) and only 29 of 65 cancers had low expression (P = 0.047). Stimulation with relaxin increased cell proliferation, invasiveness, and adhesion in vitro. The suppression of relaxin/LGR7 via short interfering RNAs decreased cell invasiveness by 90% to 95% and growth by 10% to 25% and increased cell apoptosis 0.6 to 2.2 times. The Tg(Rln1) TRAMP males had shorter median survival time, associated with the decreased apoptosis of tumor cells, compared with non-Tg(Rln1) TRAMP animals.Relaxin signaling plays a role in prostate cancer progression.
THE DIAGNOSIS AND INDICATIONS FOR OPERATION IN EARLY HYDRONEPHROSIS
Authors: HUGH CABOT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The classical conception of hydronephrosis with a much-dilated pelvis, dilated calices and thinned cortex is not the view of the subject to which I desire to call attention. From the surgical point of view, comparatively little interest attaches to these extreme cases in which the surgeon steps in only in time to relieve the patient of his symptoms and at the same time of his kidney. This is the destructive aspect of surgery and it is the business of modern surgery to deal largely with the constructive side. We should regard hydronephrosis as existing in a given case when any dilatation of the renal pelvis due to obstruction has occurred. Were hydronephrosis always appreciated at its inception, nephrectomy for this condition would become a surgical curiosity. Progress in the diagnosis of lesions of the upper urinary tract has of late years been so rapid, and we have now advanced to
Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: M. Hocke, A. Ignee, C. Dietrich
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare condition which can mimic pancreatic carcinoma. We report the cases of 10 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis investigated in two different centers using contrast-enhanced endosonography. In these patients, contrast-enhanced endosonography showed a unique vascularization pattern which makes it easy to discriminate between autoimmune pancreatitis and lesions caused by pancreatic cancer. Lesions caused by autoimmune pancreatitis and the surrounding pancreas typically showed hypervascularization, whereas lesions caused by pancreatic cancer were hypovascularized. This was true for all patients with the exception of one who showed a normal vascularization pattern in comparison with normal patients and no signs of hypovascularization.
Domestic biomass fuel combustion and chronic bronchitis in two rural Bolivian villages
Authors: R Albalak, A R Frisancho, G J Keeler
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Chronic bronchitis is an important public health problem worldwide. A study was undertaken to examine the association between exposure to air pollution from domestic biomass fuel combustion and chronic bronchitis in two rural Bolivian highland villages: a village in which cooking is done exclusively indoors and a village in which cooking is done primarily outdoors. Apart from this difference, the villages were virtually identical in terms of socioeconomic status, climate, altitude, access to health care, and other potential confounders. <h3>METHODS</h3> Pollution exposure was assessed by combining information on concentrations of particulate matter of &lt;10 μm diameter (PM<sub>10</sub>) in 12 randomly selected households in each village in all potential microenvironments of exposure with time allocation information. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was assessed using the British Medical Research Council's questionnaire on individuals &gt;20 years of age in both villages (n = 241). <h3>RESULTS</h3> Daily pollution exposure was significantly higher in the indoor cooking village (range for adults: 9840–15 120 μg-h/m<sup>3</sup>) than in the outdoor cooking village (range for adults: 5520–6240 μg-h/m<sup>3</sup>) for both seasons and for men and women. The overall prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 22% and 13% for the indoor and outdoor cooking villages, respectively. Logistic regression analysis, which excluded the few smokers present in the population, showed a 60% reduced risk of chronic bronchitis in the outdoor cooking village compared with the indoor cooking village (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8; p = 0.0102) after adjusting for age and sex. Individuals aged &gt;40 years were 4.3 times more likely to have chronic bronchitis than the younger age group (OR = 4.3; 95% CI 2.0 to 9.3; p = 0.0002). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in men and women. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The results of this study suggest an association between chronic bronchitis and exposure to domestic biomass fuel combustion, but further large scale studies from other areas of the developing world are needed to confirm the association. Results from this and other studies will assist the development of culturally acceptable and feasible alternatives to the high exposure cooking stoves currently being used by most people worldwide.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Patients with Nonobstructive Intraventricular Pressure Differences
Authors: JAMES H. GAULT, ALLAN L. SIMON
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Clinical and laboratory findings were examined in eight patients with nonobstructive intraventricular pressure differences resulting from catheter entrapment in obliterated apical portions of the left ventricular cavity. Cardiorespiratory symptoms were reported by six of the eight patients; three had angina pectoris, and two had experienced syncope. A soft systolic ejection murmur was noted at the cardiac apex or left sternal edge, or at both sites, in each patient at rest or following exercise; no patient had a bifid systolic arterial pulse contour. Paradoxical splitting of the second heart sound with respiration did not occur. In five patients the cardiac index was substantially elevated. In four, an intraventricular pressure difference was present in the basal state, while in the remaining four a pressure difference was elicited by the Valsalva maneuver and isoproterenol. In each patient the arterial pulse pressure consistently increased in the beat following a ventricular extrasystole, and angiographic evidence of left ventricular outflow obstruction was not observed. In all patients, obliteration of the apical portion of the left ventricular cavity during systole was demonstrated angiographically to result from an extreme degree of systolic emptying. Left ventricular hypertrophy was demonstrated angiographically in six patients, four of whom exhibited asymmetric hypertrophy, predominantly involving the interventricular septum. In two patients no abnormality of the left ventricular cavity contour was apparent. These clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic findings allow differentiation of patients with nonobstructive pressure differences from those with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D increases calmodulin binding to specific proteins in the chick duodenal brush border membrane.
Authors: D D Bikle, S Munson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In previous studies we demonstrated that the biologically active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] increased the calmodulin (CaM) content of chick duodenal brush border membranes (BBM) without increasing the total cellular CaM content. Therefore, we evaluated the binding of CaM to discrete proteins in the BBM and determined whether 1,25(OH)2D could influence such binding. We observed one major and several minor CaM-binding bands on autoradiograms of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels incubated with [125I]CaM. The major band had a molecular weight of 102,000-105,000. It bound CaM even in the presence of EGTA, but not in the presence of trifluoperazine or excess nonradioactive CaM. The administration of 1,25(OH)2D increased the apparent binding of CaM to this protein as assessed by densitometry of the autoradiogram. This increase in CaM binding coincided with the increased ability of the same BBM vesicles to accumulate calcium. Cycloheximide in doses that markedly reduced the incorporation of [35S]methionine into BBM proteins did not reduce the ability of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to stimulate either calcium uptake by the BBM vesicles or CaM binding to the 102,000-105,000-mol-wt protein. These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D administration increases the CaM content of duodenal BBM by increasing the ability of a 102,000-105,000-mol-wt protein to bind CaM. This mechanism may underlie the ability of 1,25(OH)2D to stimulate calcium movement across the intestinal BBM.
Cause of Death-Reply
Authors: Tobias Kircher
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  Since publication of the article concerning proper completion of the death certificate in the July 17, 1987, issue of JAMA , I have been delighted at the interest that has been voiced in this topic. Discussion of the issues surrounding cause of death on death certificates is a welcome sight in the medical literature. Any time that clinical examples are used, and in particular difficult examples, there is ample room for a divergence of opinion. As stressed in the article on cause of death, the attending clinician is the one individual best able to assess the medical history to determine what disease process started the sequence of events leading to death. To rely on the physician closest to the decedent may not be perfect, but is still our best means of obtaining information about the cause of death.  Dr Kaplan's letter raises an interesting issue. In case 2, hemoperitoneum
Multiscan Echocardiography
Authors: NICOLAAS BOM, CHARLES T. LANCÉE, GERARD VAN ZWIETEN, FRANK E. KLOSTER, JOS ROELANDT
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The principle of a prototype multiple element echocardiographic instrument is described. The major goal of this system is instantaneous visualization of moving cross-sections of the heart. As a result a direct impression of cardiac anatomy and dimensions may be obtained. The transducer contains 20 small acoustic elements positioned in a row. System characteristics and transducer details are given. A flexible five lever time-gain compensation unit which permits independent gain setting for specific depth ranges is described. Recording modes include video tape, photographic, film and line scan techniques. The signal from any selected element of the Multiscan transducer may be recorded in the conventional time-motion display, thus combining Multiscan capabilities with conventional echocardiographic techniques.
Hepatitis C recurrence is more severe after living donor compared to cadaveric liver transplantation
Authors: Montserrat Garcia-Retortillo, Xavier Forns, Josep M. Llovet, Miquel Navasa, Anna Feliu, Anna Massaguer, Miquel Bruguera, Josep Fuster, Juan Carlos Garcia-Valdecasas, Antoni Rimola
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Preliminary reports suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has a more aggressive course following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) compared to cadaveric liver transplantation (CLT). The aim of this prospective study was to establish if HCV disease recurrence differs between LDLT and CLT. A cohort of 116 consecutive HCV-infected patients undergoing 117 LTs in a single center from March 2000 to August 2003 were followed-up, including systematic liver biopsies. Severe recurrence (SR) was defined as biopsy-proven cirrhosis and/or the occurrence of clinical decompensation. After a median follow-up of 22 months (2.6-44 months), 26 (22%) patients developed SR (decompensation in 12), involving 17 (18%) of 95 patients undergoing CLT and 9 (41%) of 22 undergoing LDLT. The 2-year probability of presenting SR was significantly higher in LDLT compared to CLT (45% vs. 22%, P = .019). By univariate analysis LDLT ( P = .019) and an ALT higher than 80 IU/L 3 months after LT ( P = .022) were predictors of SR. In 93 patients from whom a liver biopsy was available 3 months after LT, a lobular necroinflammatory score &gt;1 ( P &lt; .01), LDLT ( P &lt; .01), and biliary complications ( P = .046) were associated with SR. However, the only variables independently associated with SR were LDLT (odds ratio [OR], = 2.8; 95% CI,1.19-6.6; P = .024) and a lobular necroinflammatory score &gt;1 (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-8; P = .013). In conclusion , HCV recurrence is more severe in LDLT compared to CLT. Although our results were based on a single-center experience, they should be considered in the decision-making process of transplant programs, since severe HCV recurrence may ultimately compromise graft and patient survival. (Hepatology 2004; 40:699-707.)
IS ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN K TO THE NEWBORN OF CLINICAL VALUE?
Authors: HEYWORTH N. SANFORD
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Quick<sup>1</sup>in 1937 described a method for the estimation of the prothrombin content of the blood that eliminated both thromboplastin and calcium as unknown factors. In 1939 Owen, Hoffman, Ziffren and Smith<sup>2</sup>reported that the prothrombin content of the blood of the newborn was reduced during the first ten days of life as estimated by a method of their own as well as by Quick's method. As we were studying the blood in the newborn at this time, it was decided to include prothrombin estimations in these observations and also to record any clinical manifestations of hemorrhage that might occur during the newborn period. This study was begun in May 1939. Six months later vitamin K was administered to certain of our newborn group and these observations were continued until May 1941. <h3>PROCEDURE</h3> The control group of normal newborn babies included 627 completely breast fed babies, or 64
Atherosclerotic Lesion Size and Vulnerability Are Determined by Patterns of Fluid Shear Stress
Authors: Caroline Cheng, Dennie Tempel, Rien van Haperen, Arjen van der Baan, Frank Grosveld, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, Rob Krams, Rini de Crom
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Atherosclerotic lesions are predominantly observed in curved arteries and near side branches, where low or oscillatory shear stress patterns occur, suggesting a causal connection. However, the effect of shear stress on plaque vulnerability is unknown because the lack of an appropriate in vivo model precludes cause-effect studies. Methods and Results— We developed a perivascular shear stress modifier that induces regions of lowered, increased, and lowered/oscillatory (ie, with vortices) shear stresses in mouse carotid arteries and studied plaque formation and composition. Atherosclerotic lesions developed invariably in the regions with lowered shear stress or vortices, whereas the regions of increased shear stress were protected. Lowered shear stress lesions were larger (intima/media, 1.38±0.68 versus 0.22±0.04); contained fewer smooth muscle cells (1.9±1.6% versus 26.3±9.7%), less collagen (15.3±1.0% versus 22.2±1.0%), and more lipids (15.8±0.9% versus 10.2±0.5%); and showed more outward vascular remodeling (214±19% versus 117±9%) than did oscillatory shear stress lesions. Expression of proatherogenic inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase activity was higher in the lowered shear stress regions. Spontaneous and angiotensin II–induced intraplaque hemorrhages occurred in the lowered shear stress regions only. Conclusions— Lowered shear stress and oscillatory shear stress are both essential conditions in plaque formation. Lowered shear stress induces larger lesions with a vulnerable plaque phenotype, whereas vortices with oscillatory shear stress induce stable lesions.
Technical validation of cDNA based microarray as screening technique to identify candidate genes in synovial tissue biopsy specimens from patients with spondyloarthropathy
Authors: M Rihl, D Baeten, N Seta, J Gu, F De Keyser, E M Veys, J G Kuipers, H Zeidler, D T Y Yu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objectives:</b> To validate the use of cDNA based microarray on synovial biopsies by analysing the experimental variability due to amplification of RNA, reproducibility of the assay, heterogeneity of the tissue, and statistical analysis. <b>Methods:</b> Total RNA was extracted from three spondyloarthropathy (SpA) and three osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissue biopsy specimens and from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of four healthy donors. Exponential RNA amplification by SMART-PCR was compared with linear amplification. Reproducibility was tested by comparing different microarray systems and by performing duplicate experiments. Sample heterogeneity was assessed by comparing overall gene expression profiles, histopathology, and analysis of genes expressed in the synovium and normal PBMC. Statistical analysis using <i>t</i> test and Bonferroni adjustment was verified by permutation of class labels. <b>Results:</b> Gene expression was concordant in 12/14 (86%) cytokine/chemokine genes between both microarrays and different RNA amplification systems. When one microarray system was used, expressed genes were 78–95% concordant in duplicate experiments. Gene expression profiles had a higher degree of similarity between SpA synovium than between PBMC or OA synovium despite clear histopathological differences between synovial samples. Comparison of SpA synovium with OA synovium and with PBMC yielded 11 and 18 expressed transcripts, respectively; six were shared in both comparisons. Permutations of SpA and OA samples yielded only one expressed gene in 19 comparisons. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data provide evidence that microarrays can be used for analysis of synovial tissue biopsies with high reproducibility and low variability of the generated gene expression profiles.
Infections in the Abnormal Host
Authors: W. Lee Fanning
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This work is divided into three major sections. Part 1 discusses abnormalities in host defenses, including congenital and acquired defects, and a chapter on the effects of malnutrition. Care of the long-term hospitalized patient is emphasized in this chapter. Although current, the section points out the great need for further research into the specific defects of the immune system of the host. Part 2, the heart of the book, concerns infections in specific abnormal hosts, including patients with endovascular and prosthetic implant infections and a unique chapter on intraocular infections. This chapter is deficient in information on intraocular bacterial infections—especially regarding the use of intraocular antibiotic therapy in this difficult clinical problem. The chapter on histopathologic responses to infection is excellent, with very instructive color plates. Part 3, on the management of infections in the abnormal host, concludes the book. Antimicrobial therapy, chemotherapy for viral and chlamydial infections, and chemotherapy
Chitosan Scaffolds with Unidirectional Microtubular Pores for Large Skeletal Myotube Generation
Authors: Soumen Jana, Ashleigh Cooper, Miqin Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

3D, uniaxially aligned, microtubular, porous chitosan scaffolds prepared via directional freeze-drying support the formation of large anisotropic myotubes. Myotubes of ∼550 μm long and ∼50 μm diameter are grown in the scaffolds after two weeks of culture. Porous chitosan scaffolds of varying pore architectures and mechanical properties can be readily produced using this fabrication process for engineering various anisotropic tissues. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The necessity for dual food intake to provoke food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FEIAn): A case report of FEIAn with simultaneous intake of wheat and umeboshi
Authors: Yukoh Aihara, Takeshi Kotoyori, Yuriko Takahashi, Hiroyuki Osuna, Sumi Ohnuma, Zenro Ikezawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and Knowledge
Authors: Philip J. Pauly
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Primary biliary cirrhosis, dark adaptometry, electro-oculography, and vitamin A state.
Authors: A N Shepherd, G J Bedford, A Hill, I A Bouchier
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Twenty five patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were studied for vitamin A state. In nine patients found to have low circulating vitamin A concentrations no abnormality was found on electro-oculography or in dark adaptation. A positive correlation was found between retinol binding protein and vitamin A values (r = +0.88; p less than 0.001) and between serum albumin and vitamin A values (r = +0.75; p less than 0.001). A weaker and negative correlation was found between serum bilirubin (r = -0.47; p less than 0.05) and vitamin A values. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis should not receive regular parenteral or even oral vitamin A supplementation unless dark adaptometry or electrooculography yields an abnormal result.