tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Doppler: diameter, blood flow velocity and volumic flow of the brachial artery in sustained essential hypertension.
Authors: M E Safar, P A Peronneau, J A Levenson, J A Toto-Moukouo, A C Simon
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Diameter, blood flow velocity and volumic flow of the brachial artery were measured in 36 patients with sustained essential hypertension and compared with 25 normal subjects.Both hypertensives and control subjects were classified according to age into those younger than and those older than 40 years.For the determinations, a pulsed Doppler velocimeter with an adjustable range-gated time system and a double trans- ducer probe was used.With the apparatus, the error in the determination of the angle between the ultrasound beam and the flowing stream of blood was less than 2%.In addition, the overestimation of the arterial diameter due to the sample volume size did not exceed 0.035 ± 0.015 cm.In hypertensives, the diameter of the brachial artery was significantly increased.The value was 0.482 ± 0.013 cm in subjects younger than 40 years and 0.517 ± 0,013 cm in those older than 40 years; in the corresponding controls, the values were 0.422 ± 0.011 cm and 0.436 + 0.013 cm (p < 0.01; p < 0.001).Blood flow velocity was reduced (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) and volumic flow remained within normal ranges.Both in the younger and the older groups, a significant positive correlation was observed between mean arterial pressure and the arterial diameter (r = 0.75; r = 0.60).In hypertensives, i.v.dihydralazine decreased mean arterial pressure from 120 ± 7 to 102 ± 7 mm Hg (p < 0.001).Arterial diameter also significantly decreased (p < 0.01) and returned toward normal.The study demonstrated that the diameter of the brachial artery was significantly increased in sustained essential hyper- tension and suggested that, with the chronic elevation of blood pressure, the large arteries dilate excessively, contributing to the maintainence of arterial blood flow within normal ranges.
CD44 regulates the apoptotic response and promotes disease development in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Oleg Fedorchenko, Marius Stiefelhagen, Abdul A. Peer-Zada, Romy Barthel, Petra Mayer, Laura Eckei, Alexandra Breuer, Giuliano Crispatzu, Natascha Rosen, Thomas Landwehr, Nils Lilienthal, Michael Möllmann, Manuel Montesinos-Rongen, Lukas Heukamp, Jan Dürig, Michael Hallek, Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Marco Herling
Journal: Blood (2013)
Widened Superior Mediastinum With Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Symptoms
Authors: Ernest Bass
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>History</h3> A 28-year-old black man had a history of chest pain, fever, and a severe cough with purulent sputum for seven days. He had been coughing for several years and during this period had always produced copious sputum, with a single episode of hemoptysis in the past. He had been hospitalized with pneumonia one year previously but had made a quick recovery after receiving appropriate therapy. Physical examination showed mild dyspnea and clubbing of the fingers. Signs of pneumonic consolidation were present at the right base, and there were scattered rhonchi throughout his chest. He was not cyanotic, and posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms were obtained (Fig 1 and 2). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Tracheobronchomegaly: the Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. <h3>Comment</h3> The frontal chest roentgenogram (Fig 1) shows a widened superior mediastinum, initially thought to be due to enlarged glands. However, the lateral projection (Fig 2) confirms that all this shadowing is due to enlarged
Sudden Death after Intravenous Injection of a Mercurial Diuretic
Authors: A. G. Oettle
Journal: BMJ (1947)

While mercurial diuretics are of great value in the symptomatic treatment of oedema the dangers associated with their use should not be forgotten.The most dramatic of these untoward reactions is sudden death, which occasionally follows directly on the intravenous injection of an organic mercurial.The case here recorded demon- strates this unexpected sequel. Case HistoryThe patient, a married woman aged 31, was admitted to hospital on March 17 complaining of swelling of the legs (eight weeks), reduction in urinary output (five weeks), dull backache (five weeks), and haziness of vision (four weeks).She had suffered from frequent sore throat for many years, and four and a half years before admission had had an attack of rheumatoid arthritis which responded poorly to treatment with gold injections.In view of this complication the sore throats were regarded more seriously, and a tonsillectomy and complete dental clearance were performed three years previously in an unsuccessful attempt to cure the condition.Two months before her present symptoms appeared in December she underwent a ventrisuspension and appendicectomy.On examination the patient was seen to be a pale, sthenic, well-nourished woman with a generalized pitting oedema.Fine crepitations could be heard at both lung bases, and a small palpable gland was found in the right digastric triangle.The temperature and pulse were normal, the B.P. was 130/90, and the fundi were normal, without papilloedema, kinking of vessels, or exudates.A complete examination of all other systems revealed no abnormalities.Laboratory Investigations on Admission.-March 18: Urine: Albumin present, 0.55 g. per 100 ml.Microscopical examination revealed occasional hyaline casts, erythrocytes, pus, and spheroidal epithelial cells.Blood: Wassermann reaction negative; blood cholesterol, 440 mg. per 100 ml.; serum albu- min, 2.4 g. per 100 ml.; serum globulin, 1.8 g. per 100 ml.; blood urea, 16 mg.per 100 ml.Blood count: Haemoglobin, 76%; red cells, 3,790,000; white cells, 8,400 (neutrophils, 54%; monocytes, 4%; lymphocytes, 38%; eosinophils, 4%).
Whose Death Is It, Anyway
Authors: Charles R. Routh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 April 1997Whose Death Is It, AnywayCharles R. Routh, MDCharles R. Routh, MDMuncie Internal Medicine, Muncie, IN 47303-4774Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I enjoyed the essay by Hansot [1] and the related article by Gilligan and Raffin [2]. However, I believe it is misleading to imply that had the patient, family, and physician known that the patient had a living will, this nightmare would have been avoided.Most living wills go into effect only if the patient has a “terminal illness.” Therein lies the rub. What is a terminal illness? What about an 87-year-old man who is slightly hypokalemic and fibrillates within hours of his first inferior myocardial infarction? Is this a terminal illness for which we invoke the ...References1. Hansot E. A letter from a patient's daughter. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:149-51. Google Scholar2. Gilligan T, Raffin TA. Whose death is it, anyway? Ann Intern Med. 1966; 125:137-41. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Muncie Internal Medicine, Muncie, IN 47303-4774 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 7Page: 586KeywordsLiving willsMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 April 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE RELATION OF LEUKOSIS TO SARCOMA OF CHICKENS
Authors: J. Furth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

Two transmissible sarcomata (Nos. 15 and 11) are described. Strain 15 originated in a chicken injected with neurolymphomatosis of Strain 5. Its virus produces sarcoma characterized by peculiar giant cells, different from those of the other known chicken sarcomata. It does not produce neurolymphomatosis or leukosis. Strain 11 is morphologically similar to the spindle cell sarcoma of Rous and of other workers. It occurred in an uninjected control chicken and its virus produces sarcoma unassociated with leukosis. Both Strains 11 and 15 can be readily transmitted with material free from viable cells and their virus can be preserved by drying in the frozen state. The viruses of leukosis of Strain 1 and sarcoma of Strain 11 when injected into the same bird retain their identity and can be readily reisolated.
The Antianginal Drug Trimetazidine Shifts Cardiac Energy Metabolism From Fatty Acid Oxidation to Glucose Oxidation by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Long-Chain 3-Ketoacyl Coenzyme A Thiolase
Authors: Paul F. Kantor, Arnaud Lucien, Raymond Kozak, Gary D. Lopaschuk
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Trimetazidine is a clinically effective antianginal agent that has no negative inotropic or vasodilator properties. Although it is thought to have direct cytoprotective actions on the myocardium, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs is as yet undefined. In this study, we determined what effects trimetazidine has on both fatty acid and glucose metabolism in isolated working rat hearts and on the activities of various enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 100 microU/mL insulin, 3% albumin, 5 mmol/L glucose, and fatty acids of different chain lengths. Both glucose and fatty acids were appropriately radiolabeled with either (3)H or (14)C for measurement of glycolysis, glucose oxidation, and fatty acid oxidation. Trimetazidine had no effect on myocardial oxygen consumption or cardiac work under any aerobic perfusion condition used. In hearts perfused with 5 mmol/L glucose and 0.4 mmol/L palmitate, trimetazidine decreased the rate of palmitate oxidation from 488+/-24 to 408+/-15 nmol x g dry weight(-1) x minute(-1) (P<0.05), whereas it increased rates of glucose oxidation from 1889+/-119 to 2378+/-166 nmol x g dry weight(-1) x minute(-1) (P<0.05). In hearts subjected to low-flow ischemia, trimetazidine resulted in a 210% increase in glucose oxidation rates. In both aerobic and ischemic hearts, glycolytic rates were unaltered by trimetazidine. The effects of trimetazidine on glucose oxidation were accompanied by a 37% increase in the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glucose oxidation. No effect of trimetazidine was observed on glycolysis, glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, or active pyruvate dehydrogenase when palmitate was substituted with 0.8 mmol/L octanoate or 1.6 mmol/L butyrate, suggesting that trimetazidine directly inhibits long-chain fatty acid oxidation. This reduction in fatty acid oxidation was accompanied by a significant decrease in the activity of the long-chain isoform of the last enzyme involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, 3-ketoacyl coenzyme A (CoA) thiolase activity (IC(50) of 75 nmol/L). In contrast, concentrations of trimetazidine in excess of 10 and 100 micromol/L were needed to inhibit the medium- and short-chain forms of 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase, respectively. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and stimulation of glucose oxidation can protect the ischemic heart. Therefore, our data suggest that the antianginal effects of trimetazidine may occur because of an inhibition of long-chain 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase activity, which results in a reduction in fatty acid oxidation and a stimulation of glucose oxidation.
Cytokine traps: multi-component, high-affinity blockers of cytokine action
Authors: Aris N. Economides, Laura Rocco Carpenter, John S. Rudge, Vivien Wong, Ellen M. Koehler-Stec, Christopher Hartnett, Erica A. Pyles, Xiaobing Xu, Thomas J. Daly, Michael R. Young, James P. Fandl, Frank Lee, Scott Carver, Jennifer McNay, Kevin Bailey, Swayampakula Ramakanth, Renta Hutabarat, Tammy T. Huang, Czeslaw Radziejewski, George D. Yancopoulos, Neil Stahl
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Brain evolution: A matter of constraints and permissions?
Authors: Emmanuel Gilissen, Robert M.T. Simmons
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The article of Finlay et al. is an excellent example of identifying constraints in the development of the brain, and their implications on brain architecture in evolution. Here we further illustrate the importance of constraints by presenting a few examples of how a small number of biophysical mechanisms or even a single life history parameter can have an enormous impact on brain evolution.
Reviews and Notes: Patient Recruitment in Clinical Trials
Authors: Philip T. Lavin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 June 1994Reviews and Notes: Patient Recruitment in Clinical TrialsPhilip T. LavinPhilip T. LavinBoston Biostatistics Research Foundation, Inc., Newton, MA 02164Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Patient Recruitment in Clinical TrialsBert Spilker and Joyce A. Cramer. 346 pages. New York: Raven Press; 1992. $80.00.Defining a sound strategy for patient recruitment is the primary theme of this, the tenth book in an evolving series of pragmatic texts written for the clinical trials professional. Because patient recruitment problems are the most important reason for the failure of clinical trials, a strong need exists for a source that gathers numerous ideas for patient recruitment. The authors provide examples of letters, brochures, announcements, and campaigns that can be sculpted to reach intended study populations. Another strength is the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston Biostatistics Research Foundation, Inc., Newton, MA 02164 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1994Volume 120, Issue 11Page: 975KeywordsClinical trialsPopulation statistics ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Thinking and doing in cognitive archaeology: Giving skill its due
Authors: Dietrich Stout
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Wynn shows that intentionally standardized artifacts (handaxes) provide evidence of the ability to conceptualize form (symmetry). However, such conceptual ability is not sufficient for the actual production of these forms. Stone knapping is a concrete skill that is acquired in the real world. Appreciation of its perceptual-motor foundations and the broader issues surrounding skill acquisition may lead to further important insights into human cognitive evolution.
Higher incidence of relapse in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia infused with higher doses of CD34+ cells from leukapheresis products autografted during the first remission
Authors: Norbert-Claude Gorin, Myriam Labopin, Josy Reiffers, Noel Milpied, Didier Blaise, Francis Witz, Theo de Witte, Giovanna Meloni, Michel Attal, Teresa Bernal, Vanderson Rocha
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Prevention of Postoperative Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: James A. Evans, Raymond J. Boller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

INTEREST in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism has received great impetus in the past eight years by the simultaneous development of two methods of treatment — namely, venous section and ligation and anticoagulant therapy by heparin or dicumarol or by a combination of these anticoagulants. Unfortunately, in many minds the two methods have become competitive, whereas they should be complementary. There are definite indications for both procedures. It is readily conceivable that in many hospitals where adequate laboratory and clinical experience in the use of dicumarol is lacking, a precise and absolute control of the situation by femoral ligation is . . .
Book: Safety, Health and Environmental Hazards at the Workplace
Authors: J M Harrington
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A J P Dalton Cassell, £19.99, pp 282 ISBN 0 304 33291 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Earning a living is a necessity for most people, unless they can afford not to work or have others to provide for them. Having an occupation should, however, be a psychologically rewarding experience. What it should not be is a cause of misery, illness, injury, or death. Yet in the United Kingdom at the end of the second millennium over 300 people are killed at work each year and 130 000 are injured, a quarter of them seriously. Furthermore, surveys based on self assessment … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Expenditures for Health and Medical Care in the United States
Authors: Cecil G. Sheps, Dean A. Clark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

EXPENDITURES for health and medical care in the United States are sizable, as is well known. In this review an attempt will be made to define the principal characteristics of these expenditures and the trends that they have shown in recent years. Special attention will be given to expenditures for medical care as an aspect of public assistance. The discussion is limited to expenditures for medical care as distinguished from the true "costs of illness." In other words, we present data about amounts spent from various sources for health services without any effort to assess the economic loss to the . . .
Physiological substrate for antidromic reciprocating tachycardia. Prerequisite characteristics of the accessory pathway and atrioventricular conduction system.
Authors: D L Packer, J J Gallagher, E N Prystowsky
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Although the anatomic "substrate" for the occurrence of antidromic reciprocating tachycardia (ART) has been previously examined, the underlying physiological substrate for this unusual arrhythmia in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome has not been thoroughly characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS The electrophysiological properties of the accessory pathway and normal ventriculoatrial conduction system in 30 patients with ART and a single accessory pathway were compared with those observed in a control group of 36 patients without this arrhythmia to elucidate the critical physiological substrate essential for the development and maintenance of ART. Inducible ART had a mean cycle length of 286 +/- 31 msec. The average retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction system effective refractory period in ART patients was significantly less than that in the control group (244 +/- 32 versus 291 +/- 46 msec, p = 0.0002). All of the ART patients showed retrograde conduction over the normal conduction system at cycle lengths of less than or equal to 360 msec; 23 had 1:1 conduction to less than or equal to 300 msec, and 16 showed 1:1 propagation at cycle lengths of less than or equal to 260 msec. The shortest cycle length accompanied by 1:1 retrograde propagation over the normal conduction system in patients with ART was also significantly less than that observed in the control group (274 +/- 39 versus 347 +/- 73 msec, p less than 0.001). The accessory pathway anterograde ERP in ART patients with 1:1 retrograde conduction over the normal ventriculoatrial conduction system at cycle lengths of less than or equal to 360 was significantly less than that seen in comparable control patients (247 +/- 23 versus 284 +/- 56 msec, p = 0.001), and the accessory pathway location was significantly further from the atrioventricular node in 21 patients with ART undergoing surgery than that in 22 operated control patients (3.8 +/- 0.8 versus 2.9 +/- 0.8 mapping units, p = 0.0025) who also had retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction to cycle lengths of less than or equal to 360 msec. No significant differences in anterograde atrioventricular conduction system properties, retrograde accessory pathway refractoriness, or shortest ventricular pacing cycle lengths maintaining 1:1 conduction via the accessory pathway were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS This quantitative characterization of the properties of conduction and refractoriness of both the accessory pathway and ventriculoatrial conduction system and the relation between these characteristics and the accessory pathway location in ART patients provides additional insight into the prerequisites for the initiation and maintenance of this rhythm disturbance.
Radionuclide Evaluation of Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity
Authors: HOLLEY M. DEY, HASSANALI KASSAMALI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Serial radionuclide angiography is a sensitive technique for the identification of asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction secondary to doxorubicin hydrochloride chemotherapy. However, the results of serial studies must be interpreted with caution in order to avoid labeling variations in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) due to artifact as doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. The use of sequential gated cardiac studies in the evaluation of a thirteen-year-old boy on doxorubicin hydrochloride is presented. Reassessment of the results of these studies showed that technical and biologic factors were the cause of recurring fluctuations in the LVEF, rather than drug toxicity.
Increased frequency of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: E. Louis, R. Louis, V. Drion, V. Bonnet, A. Lamproye, M. Radermecker, J. Belaiche
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Although bronchopulmonary manifestations are rare in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), subclinical abnormalities have been described in up to 50% of cases. The pathophysiology of these abnormalities remains unknown. However, a latent inflammation of the bronchial mucosa secondary to the inflammation of the intestinal mucosa has been suggested. This subclinical inflammation may lead to increased bronchial responsiveness. We studied the bronchial responsiveness in 38 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, using the methacholine test. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was defined by a PC20M < 16 mg/ml. Twenty-four healthy controls were also studied. There was no significant difference in baseline FEV1 between IBD patients and controls. However, there was a significantly greater fall in FEV1 in the IBD patients at the concentrations of methacholine tested. The frequency of bronchial hyperresponsiveness was significantly higher in the IBD population (45%) than in controls (17%; P < 0.03). Atopy, defined by skin test, was more common in IBD patients (42%) than in controls (21%). Even when only nonatopic subjects were considered, the frequency of bronchial hyperresponsiveness was significantly higher in IBD patients (41%) than in controls (5%; P < 0.02). Thus, subclinical bronchial hyperresponsiveness is common in IBD, and may be considered a further extraintestinal manifestation.
An Fcγ Receptor-Dependent Mechanism Drives Antibody-Mediated Target-Receptor Signaling in Cancer Cells
Authors: Nicholas S. Wilson, Becky Yang, Annie Yang, Stefanie Loeser, Scot Marsters, David Lawrence, Yun Li, Robert Pitti, Klara Totpal, Sharon Yee, Sarajane Ross, Jean-Michel Vernes, Yanmei Lu, Cam Adams, Rienk Offringa, Bob Kelley, Sarah Hymowitz, Dylan Daniel, Gloria Meng, Avi Ashkenazi
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)