tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lignocaine in cardiac arrhythmias.
Authors: A. Churcher
Journal: BMJ (1968)

BRITISH 379 contacts as necessary the district nurses, welfare officers, almoners, health visitors, and hospital ward sisters-all at the behest of the doctor, whose real job is thereby both enlarged and made easier.As general practice develops the doctor can fulfil his role only by having efficient and tolerant secretarial help, a practice nurse, good district nurses and midwives, and an up-to-date health visitor.There seems no reason why the last three should not be run by the local authorities across practice boun- daries as at present, but the first two are personal as regards duties and hours and can only be employed by the general practitioner himself.In spite of political interference this mode of practice developing in Britain is probably many years ahead of any arrangements offered in Europe or the North American continent.It will be a great pity if excessive demands reduce a practice nurse to the role of a " feldsher," when, losing the confidence of the public, general practice as we know it today will disintegrate.-Iam, etc.,
Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Authors: Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The average lifespan of Americans is currently at a record high, having increased 3.8 years overall from 1970 to 1983.<sup>1</sup>The life expectancy of women, however, is still markedly higher than that of men. At 1983 US death rates, women can expect to live 78.3 years, while the corresponding figure for men is 71 years. The favorable survival experience of women has been due, in part, to their lower rates of lung cancer, the chief cause of cancer deaths, and of coronary heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of all US deaths. In contrast to this encouraging news is the fact that, at present, cigarette smoking is known to be responsible for 85% to 90% of the approximately 120,000 annual lung cancer deaths expected this year in the United States (plus several tens of thousands of other cancer deaths),<sup>2</sup>as well as perhaps 20% or more of all
Erlotinib Attenuates Homologous Recombinational Repair of Chromosomal Breaks in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Liping Li, Hong Wang, Eddy S. Yang, Carlos L. Arteaga, Fen Xia
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family has been implicated in several cancers, including breast, and its members have become the target of novel cancer therapies. In this report, we show a novel link between erlotinib, a potent EGFR inhibitor, DNA damage, and homology-directed recombinational repair (HDR) in human breast cancer cells. Erlotinib suppresses HDR. This is not secondary to erlotinib-mediated changes in cell cycle and is associated with increased γ-H2AX foci, which is an in situ marker of chromosomal double-strand breaks. Both Rad51 and BRCA1 are essential components of the HDR machinery. Consistent with decreased HDR in erlotinib-treated cells, erlotinib also attenuates DNA damage-induced Rad51 foci and results in cytoplasmic retention of BRCA1. As BRCA1 is a shuttling protein and its nuclear function of promoting HDR is controlled by its subcellular localization, we further show that targeted translocation of BRCA1 to the cytoplasm enhances erlotinib sensitivity. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of action of erlotinib through its effects on the BRCA1/HDR pathway. Furthermore, BRCA1/HDR status may be an innovative avenue to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to erlotinib. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9141–6]
Enhanced comedo formation in rabbit ear skin by squalene and oleic acid peroxides
Authors: K. MOTOYOSHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

The comedogenicity of UVA-irradiated and non-irradiated substances (squalene, oleic acid, tetradecane, isopropyl myristate, squalane and liquid paraffin) was evaluated by surface microscopy and histological examination after treating the ventral skin of rabbit ears with these substances. The lipid peroxide levels of these substances were also measured. Squalene itself was scarcely comedogenic but squalene peroxides were highly comedogenic. Both oleic acid and its peroxides were able to induce fairly large comedones and there was a good correlation between the lipid peroxide levels and the size of the comedones. The specimens biopsied from these comedones showed marked hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the epithelium in the follicular infundibulum and marked proliferation of the sebaceous glands. Although free fatty acids might play a role in the pathogenesis of acne, it is proposed that squalene and free fatty acids in sebum may be less comedogenic than their peroxides.
Tuberculosis — The Global View
Authors: Barry R Bloom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

“Appalled and astounded” at the consequences that [immigration to Boston] had already produced, [Lemuel] Shattuck concluded [in 1850] that it was the immigrants — the poor and unwanted from England and Ireland — who were primarily responsible for bringing disease and impoverishment to an otherwise predominantly healthy and productive native stock: “Our own native inhabitants, who mingle with these recipients of their bounty, often themselves become contaminated with diseases, and sicken and die; and the physical and moral power of living is depreciated, and the healthy social and moral character we once enjoyed is liable to be forever lost.”Barbara . . .
Angiotensin II Inhibition
Authors: Haralambos Gavras
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A patient with intractable congestive cardiac failure secondary to renovascular hypertension and severe coronary artery disease was infused with the competitive antagonist of angiotensin II, saralasin acetate. The infusion produced an impressive increase in cardiac output and left ventricular stroke work index in parallel with a striking decrease in the systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, the coronary resistance, and the myocardial oxygen consumption. It is suggested that angiotensin inhibition may present advantages over other forms of treatment of congestive cardiac failure in selected cases.
P171 A Retrospective Study of Changing Performance Status and Staging in All Patients Presenting with Lung Cancer to the Northern Health and Social Care Trust Over the Past Decade
Authors: AMS McShane, WA Anderson, SMN McNeill, CB Butler, EM Murtagh, JL Leggett, RD Donnelly, JW Weiboldt
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Lung cancer resection rates have become more controversial as the publication of the national lung cancer audit has shown such geographical variation and then national improvement over a small number of years. This could be due to differences in patients, disease, recording of information or real differences in treatment. As well as initiatives to optimise treatments of patients after they present, there have been efforts to encourage patients to present earlier such as the national awareness early diagnosis initative. <h3>Aim</h3> To assess if patients presenting with Lung Cancer in the Northern Trust are different in performance status or stage to those presenting a decade ago. <h3>Methods</h3> We used previously published data (BTS, Winter 2003) to compare patients from 2001/2002 with patients from 2009/2010 (data collected from the Regional Northern Ireland Cancer Patient Pathway System). The catchment area over this ten year period had increased from 350,000 in 2001 to 450,000 in 2010 as the Causeway hospital has since been included. We compared numbers presenting, patient demographics, performance status at presentation, histology and staging. <h3>Results and Conclusions</h3> A total of 563 patients were studied. Allowing for the change in population served by the MDT, similar numbers of patients presented each year with similar demographics. The histology of the groups was also similar however more patients are now being given a histological diagnosis rather than a clinical diagnosis. Our data also showed that patients were presenting at a statistically significant earlier stage of disease for both Small Cell Carcinoma (chi-square, p=0.0004) and Non-Small Cell Carcinoma (chi-square, p=0.01). Patient Performance Status at presentation had statistically improved between 2001 and 2010 (chi-square, p=0.01). We also found a non-significant trend of higher surgical referral rates in 2010 compared to 2001. These results may well vary with geography and might be improved by further health promotion in the future.
Attenuation of Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain With Reboxetine in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Michael Poyurovsky, Ilanit Isaacs, Camil Fuchs, Michael Schneidman, Sarit Faragian, Ronit Weizman, Abraham Weizman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Since increased norepinephrine availability may account for the weight-reducing effect of appetite suppressants, the authors hypothesized that the addition of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine may prevent or attenuate olanzapine-induced weight gain.Twenty-six patients hospitalized for first-episode DSM-IV schizophrenic disorder participated in the study. In addition to 6 weeks of treatment with olanzapine, 10 mg/day, patients were randomly allocated in a double-blind design to receive either reboxetine, 4 mg/day, (N=13) or placebo (N=13).Ten patients in each group completed the 6-week trial. Patients given olanzapine and reboxetine demonstrated a significantly lower increase in body weight (mean=2.5 kg, SD=2.7) than those given olanzapine and placebo (mean=5.5 kg, SD=3.1). Significantly fewer patients in the olanzapine/reboxetine group (N=2 of 10) than in the olanzapine/placebo group (N=7 of 10) gained at least 7% of their initial weight, the cutoff for clinically significant weight gain. The addition of reboxetine to olanzapine treatment was safe and well tolerated by the patients. A between-group difference in the reduction of Hamilton depression scale scores was seen that favored the olanzapine/reboxetine group (mean difference=-3.1, SD=1.25).The selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine may reduce olanzapine-induced weight gain in schizophrenia patients, and activation of the adrenergic system may attenuate weight gain induced by atypical antipsychotic agents.
THE CLOSED GROUP CONCEPT IN OPEN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS
Authors: BERTRAM MANDELBROTE, HUGH FREEMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

1. The concept of the Closed Group in the development of an open psychiatric hospital in Oxford is elaborated and its composition, management and regime are described. 2. In this hospital (a traditional mental hospital responsible for all types of psychiatric admissions), 97.6% of the patients are informal and less than 1% compulsorily detained; this includes cases referred from the Courts. No wards are locked.
A newly established murine immature dendritic cell line can be differentiated into a mature state, but exerts tolerogenic function upon maturation in the presence of glucocorticoid
Authors: Matthias Bros, Frank Jährling, Andrea Renzing, Nadine Wiechmann, Ngoc-Anh Dang, Arne Sutter, Ralf Ross, Jürgen Knop, Stephan Sudowe, Angelika B. Reske-Kunz
Journal: Blood (2007)
Feasible and simple exclusion criteria for pulmonary reference populations
Authors: A. Johannessen, E. R Omenaas, G. E. Eide, P. S Bakke, A. Gulsvik
Journal: Thorax (2007)

<b>Background:</b> International guidelines recommend that pulmonary reference populations consist of never-smokers without respiratory diseases or symptoms, but the diseases and symptoms are not clearly specified. The present study aimed to identify simple exclusion criteria for defining pulmonary reference populations. <b>Methods:</b> Based on a random sample from a general population (the parent population), 2358 subjects aged 26–82 years performed spirometric tests. From this sample, subjects were stepwise excluded according to self-reported obstructive lung diseases, symptoms and smoking history. Four increasingly more healthy respiratory reference populations were formed. Prediction equations for the median and lower limit of normal lung function were derived using quantile regression analysis. <b>Results:</b> Subjects without self-reported obstructive lung diseases or the cardinal respiratory symptoms of breathlessness, cough or wheeze (population B), never-smokers without cardinal symptoms (population C) and never-smokers without any respiratory symptoms (population D) constituted 50% (n = 1184), 23% (n = 539) and 14% (n = 331) of the parent population (population A), respectively. The largest discrepancy between prediction equations was found between the parent population and the population without cardinal respiratory symptoms (population B) (p&lt;0.05). Minor changes in the reference equations were also seen when excluding ever-smokers (population C). There was no additional change with exclusion of other respiratory symptoms (population D). Age-related decline in lung function was steepest in the parent population. <b>Conclusions:</b> Obstructive lung diseases, smoking history, breathlessness, cough and wheeze are optimal exclusion criteria for a pulmonary reference population. Further validation of the exclusion criteria identified in this study is recommended with identical wording in other and larger multinational populations.
Correction of the Biochemical and Functional Deficits in Fabry Mice Following AAV8–mediated Hepatic Expression of α-galactosidase A
Authors: Robin J Ziegler, Maribeth Cherry, Christine M Barbon, Chester Li, Scott D Bercury, Donna Armentano, Robert J Desnick, Seng H Cheng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The advent of novel adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype vectors with higher transduction activity has encouraged a re-evaluation of the merits of this delivery platform for a variety of diseases. We report here that administration of a recombinant AAV8-based serotype vector encoding human alpha-galactosidase A into Fabry mice facilitated more rapid and significantly higher levels of production of the enzyme than an AAV2 vector. This translated into improved clearance of globotriaosylceramide, the glycosphingolipid that accumulates in the lysosomes of affected Fabry cells, and to correction of the peripheral neuropathy shown associated with this disease. The higher levels of alpha-galactosidase A expression also allowed for a more rapid induction of immunotolerance to the enzyme. Recombinant AAV8 vectors that facilitated hepatic-restricted expression of high levels of alpha-galactosidase A conferred immunotolerance to the expressed enzyme as early as 30 days post-treatment. Animals expressing lower levels of the hydrolase, such as those treated with an AAV2-based vector or with lower doses of the AAV8-based vector, were also able to develop immunotolerance, but only after a more extended time period. Adoptive transfer of T cells isolated from the spleens of immunotolerized mice suppressed the formation of antibodies in naïve recipient animals, suggesting the possible role of regulatory T cells in effecting this state.
The stability and blanching efficiency of betamethasone-17-valerate in emulsifying ointment
Authors: J. M. Kirsch, J. R. Gibson, C. R. Darley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article The stability and blanching efficiency of betamethasone‐17‐valerate in emulsifying ointment Get access J. M. Kirsch, J. M. Kirsch Skin Department, The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. R. Gibson, J. R. Gibson Skin Department, The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. R. Darley C. R. Darley Skin Department, The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 108, Issue 2, 1 February 1983, Pages 250–251, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb00072.x Published: 01 February 1983
Fear of Hypoglycemia: Quantification, Validation, and Utilization
Authors: Daniel J Cox, Audrey Irvine, Linda Gonder-Frederick, George Nowacek, John Butterfield
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Hypoglycemia can lead to various aversive symptomatic, affective, cognitive, physiological, and social consequences, which in turn can lead to the development of possible phobic avoidance behaviors associated with hypoglycemia. On the other hand, some patients may inappropriately deny or disregard warning signs of hypoglycemia. This study presents preliminary reliability and validity data on a psychometric instrument designed to quantify this fear: the hypoglycemic fear survey. The instrument was found to have internal consistency and test-retest stability, to covary with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin, and to be sensitive to a behavioral treatment program designed to increase awareness of hypoglycemia.
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES WITH ANTABUSE
Authors: PAUL DARDIN, JACKSON A. SMITH, WARREN T. BROWN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

1. In dogs, Antabuse decreases glomerular filtration. 2. Dogs tolerate Antabuse without evidence of liver damage. 3. Giving of Antabuse to dogs did not alter their response to paraldehyde. 4. An intravenous infusion of acetaldehyde in dogs causes a depression of the R wave in all leads in the electrocardiogram. 5. The regularity of the estrous cycle in rats is not affected by Antabuse.
Termination of Medi-Cal Benefits
Authors: Nicole Lurie, Nancy B. Ward, Martin F. Shapiro, Claudio Gallego, Rati Vaghaiwalla, Robert H. Brook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

IN 1982, California terminated Medi-Cal benefits for the state's 270,000 medically indigent adults and transferred responsibility for their care to the county system. A medically indigent adult is a person who previously received Medi-Cal benefits because of economic or medical need but who was not eligible for assistance from a federal program for the aged, blind, or disabled or for families with dependent children. Although the counties were required to provide care for medically indigent adults, they were not required to provide care free of charge. Most Los Angeles County health facilities charged $20 to $30 for an outpatient or . . .
Phase II Study of Perioperative Chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Pemetrexed in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Grace K. Dy, Paul N. Bogner, Wei Tan, Todd L. Demmy, Aamer Farooq, Hongbin Chen, Saikrishna S. Yendamuri, Chukwumere E. Nwogu, Peter W. Bushunow, James Gannon, Araba A. Adjei, Alex A. Adjei, Nithya Ramnath
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Long‐term use of deferiprone significantly enhances left‐ventricular ejection function in thalassemia major patients
Authors: Aurelio Maggio, Angela Vitrano, Gaetano Lucania, Marcello Capra, Liana Cuccia, Francesco Gagliardotto, Lorella Pitrolo, Luciano Prossomariti, Aldo Filosa, Vincenzo Caruso, Calogera Gerardi, Saveria Campisi, Paolo Cianciulli, Michele Rizzo, Giuseppe D'Ascola, Angela Ciancio, Rosario Di Maggio, Giuseppina Calvaruso, Gaetano Restivo Pantalone, Paolo Rigano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

A multicenter randomized open-label long-term sequential deferiprone–deferoxamine (DFP-DFO) versus DFP alone trial (sequential DFP-DFO) performed in patients with thalassemia major (TM) was retrospectively reanalyzed to assess the variation in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [1].
Atlas of Confounding Factors in Head and Neck PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Peeyush Bhargava, Saiyyeda Rahman, Juliet Wendt
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Interpretation of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) studies in the head and neck region is challenging due to the complex anatomy and nonspecific physiologic and inflammatory FDG uptake. We present an atlas of common confounding factors encountered at our institution.We present whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT studies of 20 patients with various confounding factors in the head and neck. Most patients (15) had a history of head and neck cancer and some (5) of them presented with other primary tumors.We describe these cases under the following categories: physiologic uptake (6), inflammatory uptake (5), unexpected benign tumors (2), unexpected malignant tumors (4), postradiation changes (2), postsurgical changes (2), and misregistration (1).Knowledge of common variants, pitfalls, and treatment effects is essential in accurate reading of PET/CT in the head and neck region.
The Complementary Roles of Chest Radiography, Lung Scanning, and Selective Pulmonary Angiography in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: DAVID C. MOSES, TERRY M. SILVER, JOSEPH J. BOOKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The chest X-ray, perfusion lung scan, and selective pulmonary arteriogram were independently reviewed in 104 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Thirteen patients also had 133 Xe ventilation studies. Of the 45 patients with angiographically-documented pulmonary emboli, 37 had perfusion scans interpreted as high probability of pulmonary embolism (82% sensitivity). Fifty of 59 patients without angiographic evidence of pulmonary embolism had perfusion scans interpreted as low probability of pulmonary embolism, other , or normal (85% specificity). Of the 41 patients with acute pulmonary embolism, only three had normal chest X-rays. In 26 (63%) the abnormality on perfusion scan was more extensive than that on chest X-ray. When both the scan and chest X-ray pointed strongly in the same direction, a correct diagnosis could usually be made, and accuracy was greater than when diagnosis was based on the perfusion scan alone. The lung scan was of limited value in patients with cardiomegaly or left heart failure. The differential role of the 133 Xe ventilation study remains unclear. On the basis of the present and other data, guidelines for the selection of patients for pulmonary arteriography are proposed.
Smoking: A Risk Factor for Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Jennie Kline, Zena A. Stein, Mervyn Susser, Dorothy Warburton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We compared cigarette smoking during pregnancy among 574 women who aborted spontaneously (cases) and 320 women with delivery after at least 28 weeks' gestation (controls). Log-linear analysis was used to test the hypothesis that smoking is associated with spontaneous abortion. Several potentially confounding variables--namely, age at last menstrual period and the number of previous pregnancies ending in spontaneous abortion, in induced abortion and in live birth--were controlled in the analysis. Women who had aborted spontaneously reported smoking during pregnancy more often than those with delivery after 28 weeks' gestation: 41% of cases and 28% of controls smoked. The odds ratio for the highly significant association with smoking was 1.8. The association did not vary with age or previous obstetric events. We conclude that smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion.
Comparison of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients Older and Younger than 70 Years: An Analysis of Southwest Oncology Group Trials 9308 and 9509
Authors: Elizabeth M. Blanchard, James Moon, Paul J. Hesketh, Karen Kelly, Antoinette J. Wozniak, John Crowley, David Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
DOPPLER FLOW VELOCITY IN ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY FOR PREDICTION OF OUTCOME AFTER PERINATAL ASPHYXIA
Authors: LyaDen Ouden, Frank Van Bel, Margot Van De Bor, Theo Stijnen, Jan Ruys, L.N.J Archer, M.I Levene, D.H Evans
Journal: The Lancet (1987)