tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus.
Authors: F Borhan-Manesh, J B Farnum
Journal: Gut (1991)

In a prospective study of the frequency and clinical importance of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus, 634 consecutive veteran patients (98% male), undergoing endoscopy for various gastrointestinal complaints, were evaluated. Sixty four patients (10%) had heterotopic gastric mucosal patches varying in size from 0.2-0.3 cm to 3 x 4-5 cm often immediately below the upper oesophageal sphincter. Biopsies of these patches showed fundic type gastric mucosa with chief and parietal cells. The 10% prevalence is more than twice the highest reported prevalence rate of endoscopically detected patches in the upper oesophagus. The characteristic location of these patches at the sphincter area, their uniformly fundic type gastric mucosa, and their poor correlation with clinical and endoscopic evidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux support the hypothesis that they are congenital in nature.
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer (1973 Through 1998), Featuring Cancers With Recent Increasing Trends
Authors: H. L. Howe, P. A. Wingo, M. J. Thun, L. A. G. Ries, H. M. Rosenberg, E. G. Feigal, B. K. Edwards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

The American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), collaborate to provide an annual update on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year's report contains a special feature that focuses on cancers with recent increasing trends.From 1992 through 1998, age-adjusted rates and annual percent changes are calculated for cancer incidence and underlying cause of death with the use of NCI incidence and NCHS mortality data. Joinpoint analysis, a model of joined line segments, is used to examine long-term trends for the four most common cancers and for those cancers with recent increasing trends in incidence or mortality. Statistically significant findings are based on a P value of.05 by use of a two-sided test. State-specific incidence and death rates for 1994 through 1998 are reported for major cancers.From 1992 through 1998, total cancer death rates declined in males and females, while cancer incidence rates declined only in males. Incidence rates in females increased slightly, largely because of breast cancer increases that occurred in some older age groups, possibly as a result of increased early detection. Female lung cancer mortality, a major cause of death in women, continued to increase but more slowly than in earlier years. In addition, the incidence or mortality rate increased in 10 other sites, accounting for about 13% of total cancer incidence and mortality in the United States.Overall cancer incidence and death rates continued to decline in the United States. Future progress will require sustained improvements in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment.
Surgical Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: LEONARD N. HOROWITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Serious ventricular arrhythmias, a common complication of coronary artery disease, frequently respond to medical management. When pharmacologic and pacemaker therapy fail to control them, however, surgical therapy must be considered. In this review we assess the efficacy of surgical treatment of these arrhythmias. Coronary revascularization fails to reduce the frequency and complexity of ventricular ectopic activity and may exacerbate them. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation due to acute, reversible ischemic events may respond favorably to coronary revascularization. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation associated with recent myocardial infarction when unresponsive to medical therapy can be managed with coronary revascularization and infarctectomy with comparatively good results. Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia is not optimally treated with coronary artery bypass grafting and myocardial resection. Operations guided by activation mapping that isolate or destroy the site of origin of the ventricular tachycardia show promise.
A whole-genome admixture scan finds a candidate locus for multiple sclerosis susceptibility
Authors: David Reich, Nick Patterson, Philip L De Jager, Gavin J McDonald, Alicja Waliszewska, Arti Tandon, Robin R Lincoln, Cari DeLoa, Scott A Fruhan, Philippe Cabre, Odile Bera, Gilbert Semana, M Ann Kelly, David A Francis, Kristin Ardlie, Omar Khan, Bruce A C Cree, Stephen L Hauser, Jorge R Oksenberg, David A Hafler
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
When we use a word
Authors: R. Kingston
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A 63 year old man with pneumonia was admitted three weeks after he had been discharged after investigation and, ultimately, a diagnosis of an aggressive inoperable lung cancer. The next evening I was asked to review him on the ward because he had become increasingly breathless and uncomfortable.

Before going into his side room, I sat and read the notes for this and his previous admission. In …
Tc-99m DISIDA Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in AIDS Cholangitis
Authors: J C BRUNETTI, R L VAN HEERTUM, J S KEMPF, A P YUDD, J FARMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Sixteen patients with documented AIDS cholangitis who underwent Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy were retrospectively reviewed to assess the spectrum of changes observed in this disease. AIDS cholangitis was documented by either ERCP with aspiration/biopsy or the presence of typical sonographic/CT abnormalities with positive stool culture and a minimum of 6 months follow-up. Images were graded as regards parenchymal function (blood pool clearance, peak parenchymal activity, and degree of parenchymal retention), gallbladder visualization, presence of ductal dilatation, and time of intestinal activity. Three patterns were identified: 1) focal ductal dilatation with focal narrowing and focal or diffuse parenchymal retention; 2) ductal dilatation, without narrowing, and diffuse parenchymal retention; and 3) severe diffuse parenchymal retention with or without ductal abnormality. All 16 studies revealed abnormal parenchymal retention. Gallbladder nonvisualization was demonstrated in nine studies and delayed in two. The hepatobiliary scan is a very sensitive technique for evaluating AIDS cholangitis. Although a spectrum of findings may be observed, parenchymal retention with some degree of ductal abnormality is the most commonly observed pattern.
Regulation of murine macrophage Ia-antigen expression by products of activated spleen cells.
Authors: P S Steeg, R N Moore, J J Oppenheim
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

This investigation examined the effects of mediators derived form activated spleen cells on macrophage Ia-antigen expression and function. Incubation of adherent thioglycollate-induced murine peritoneal macrophages(> 90% Ia-) with concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated spleen cell supernate (Con A sup) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of Ia-containing (Ia+) phagocytic cells, as detected by antiserum-and-complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The Ia-antigen expression of macrophages incubated with unstimulated spleen cell supernate supplemented with Con A (Control sup) declined. Pretreatment of the macrophages with anti-Ia and complement before addition of the Con A sup did not inhibit subsequent Ia-antigen expression, suggesting that Ia- macropohages were converted to Ia+ cells. These findings were not a result of adsorption of soluble Ia-antigen from the Con A sup, because Ia-antigen expression was detected by an antiserum specific for the haplotype of the macrophages but not that of the allogeneic spleen cells from which the supernate was prepared. Con A sup-cultured macrophages also stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic spleen cells significantly better than Control sup-cultured macrophages in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Pretreatment of Con A sup-cultured macrophages with anti-Ia and complement before addition of splenic responder cells abrogated their stimulatory capacity, indicating the Ia dependence of the MLR. We hypothesize that regulatory lymphokine(s) can induce both the expression of the Ia+ phenotype by macrophages and the functional capability to stimulate the MLR, and that macrophages lose these capabilities in the absence of such mediator(s).
Marcellus and Marcellus
Authors: RICHARD KALINOWSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 July 1973Marcellus and MarcellusRICHARD KALINOWSKI, M.D.RICHARD KALINOWSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-1-139_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Marcellus referred to by William Osler was not the great Roman leader and general Marcus Claudius Marcellus, born in 268 BC and killed in the battle at Petelia against Hannibal in 208 BC. That Marcellus had led a relatively long and successful life. He had been elected Consul on three occasions, had defeated the Carthaginians, had conquered Syracuse, and had suppressed an uprising in Rome, killing its leader with his own hands.The young Marcellus was the son of Octavia, the sister of Augustus, whose daughter, Julia, he married and who had been designated heir by... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1973Volume 79, Issue 1Page: 139-139KeywordsHomicide Issue Published: 1 July 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Maternal and Paternal History of Myocardial Infarction and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women
Authors: Howard D. Sesso, I-Min Lee, J. Michael Gaziano, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Robert J. Glynn, Julie E. Buring
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Few studies have examined the effects of paternal and maternal history of myocardial infarction (MI), including age at MI, on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, particularly among women. Methods and Results We prospectively studied 22 071 men from the Physicians’ Health Study and 39 876 women from the Women’s Health Study with data on parental history and age at MI. Among men, 2654 CVD cases developed over 13.0 years; among women, 563 CVD cases occurred over 6.2 years. Compared with men with no parental history, only maternal, only paternal, and both maternal and paternal history of MI conferred relative risks (RRs) of CVD of 1.71, 1.40, and 1.85; among women, the respective RRs were 1.46, 1.15, and 2.05. For men, maternal age at MI of &lt;50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and ≥80 years had RRs of 1.00, 1.88, 1.88, 1.67, and 1.17; for women, the RRs for maternal age at MI of &lt;50, 50 to 59, and ≥60 years were 2.57, 1.33, and 1.52. Paternal age at MI of &lt;50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and ≥80 years in men had RRs of 2.19, 1.64, 1.42, 1.16, and 0.92; in women, for paternal age at MI of &lt;50, 50 to 59, and ≥60 years, the RRs were 1.63, 1.33, and 1.13. Conclusions An early history of parental MI (&lt;60 years) conferred a greater risk of CVD than did MI at older ages. However, an increased risk of CVD remained for maternal age at MI of 70 to 79 years in men and ≥60 years in women, which suggests that any maternal history of MI may be important.
Widespread flu in United States exposes shortage of vaccine
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The United States was left facing a shortage of influenza vaccine in the run up to Christmas, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported flu in all 50 states. As the BMJ went to press just before Christmas, 42 children had died from the disease.

The flu was mainly type A and was widespread in 24 states, “regional” in 15, local in six, and sporadic in five.

Early on, western states such as Texas and Colorado were badly affected. Schools in Ohio and Idaho were closed for as long as five …
An unusual factor‐X inhibitor in leprosy
Authors: P. M. Ness, P. G. Hymas, D. Gesme, H. A. Perkins
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Two cases of Hansen disease demonstrating a lupus‐like inhibitor directed against the activation of coagulation factor X are described. Each case showed factor‐X activity markedly depressed by an inhibitor when measured in one assay system; yet normal levels were measured by three alternate factor‐X assay systems.
Cephalic phase of gastric secretion in healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients: role of vagal innervation.
Authors: S J Konturek, N Kwiecien, W Obtulowicz, E Mikos, E Sito, J Oleksy, T Popiela
Journal: Gut (1979)

In 10 healthy subjects and 25 duodenal ulcer patients, gastric acid and pepsin and serum gastrin responses to cephalic-vagal stimulation induced by modified sham-feeding (MSF) were studied before and after vagotomy and atropinisation and compared with those to maximal stimulation with pentagastrin. When the MSF-induced peak acid output was normalised as a percentage of peak response to pentagastrin it was about 62% in healthy subjects and 66% in duodenal ulcer patients. Serum gastrin concentration was not changed significantly by modified sham-feeding either in normal subjects or in duodenal ulcer patients. Truncal vagotomy completely abolished gastric acid and pepsin responses to MSF in duodenal ulcer patients. Atropine almost completely suppressed gastric acid and pepsin responses to MSF in healthy subjects and reduced those in duodenal ulcer patients by about 62%. The combination of the modified sham-feeding and pentagastrin infusion resulted in augmentation of the acid output in duodenal ulcer patients but not in healthy subjects. This study shows that the cephalic phase results in a potent gastric acid and pepsin stimulation which is not accompanied by any change in serum gastrin concentration either in healthy subjects or duodenal ulcer patients and which is abolished by vagotomy and suppressed by atropine.
Role of theJAK2 mutation in the diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders in splanchnic vein thrombosis
Authors: Massimo Primignani, Giovanni Barosi, Gaetano Bergamaschi, Umberto Gianelli, Federica Fabris, Raffaella Reati, Alessandra Dell'Era, Paolo Bucciarelli, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The diagnosis of an underlying chronic myeloproliferative disorder (CMPD) is often problematic in patients with primary extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) or Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS); indeed, conventional clinical and hematological parameters usually yield insufficient information. To assess the diagnostic contribution of the gain-of-function mutation V617F of the JAK2 gene, 93 patients with EHPVO or BCS were investigated. JAK2 V617F was identified in 35.6% of 73 patients with EHPVO and in 40% of 20 patients with BCS. Taking the JAK2 mutation as a test with the highest positive predictive value for the diagnosis of CMPD, conventional clinical-hematological parameters had a sensitivity for CMPD lower than 48%. Bone marrow (BM) histology provided a diagnosis of CMPD in 41/74 (55.4%) patients, with a sensitivity of 93.5%. Clonality of hematopoiesis as assessed by granulocyte X-chromosome inactivation was present in 65.1% of 43 informative female patients, with a sensitivity of 86.6%. By resolving the sensitivity bias of the JAK2 mutation with the results of BM histology and clonality assay, CMPD was diagnosed in 53% of patients with EHPVO or BCS. In conclusion, CMPD is the major cause of primary EHPVO or BCS. JAK2 V617F is a very reliable and noninvasive molecular marker for CMPD and should be used as a first test for diagnosis.
HEPATIC GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE RELEASE AFTER HALOTHANE ANAESTHESIA: OPEN RANDOMISED COMPARISON WITH ISOFLURANE
Authors: LaurenG. Allan, Jane Howie, AlistairF. Smith, AmandaJ. Hussey, GeoffreyJ. Beckett, JohnD. Hayes, GordonB. Drummond
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Exercise‐induced asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in elite athletes: epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis: Part I of the report from the Joint Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in cooperation with GA<sup>2</sup>LEN
Authors: K. H. Carlsen, S. D. Anderson, L. Bjermer, S. Bonini, V. Brusasco, W. Canonica, J. Cummiskey, L. Delgado, S. R. Del Giacco, F. Drobnic, T. Haahtela, K. Larsson, P. Palange, T. Popov, P. Van Cauwenberge
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Aims: To analyze the changes in the prevalence of asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and allergies in elite athletes over the past years, to review the specific pathogenetic features of these conditions and to make recommendations for their diagnosis. Methods: The Task Force reviewed present literature by searching Medline up to November 2006 for relevant papers by the search words: asthma, bronchial responsiveness, EIB, athletes and sports. Sign criteria were used to assess level of evidence and grades of recommendation. Results: The problems of sports‐related asthma and allergy are outlined. Epidemiological evidence for an increased prevalence of asthma and BHR among competitive athletes, especially in endurance sports, is provided. The mechanisms for development of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in athletes are outlined. Criteria are given for the diagnosis of asthma and exercise induced asthma in the athlete. Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness is markedly increased in athletes, especially within endurance sports. Environmental factors often contribute. Recommendations for the diagnosis of asthma in athletes are outlined.
Tobacco Control in the Wake of the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement
Authors: Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

This Special Report discusses the implications of the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement between the states and the tobacco industry. In the context of current state budget crises, a decreasing proportion of the settlement dollars is being spent on programs to reduce smoking. This report presents an overview of local, state, and federal tobacco-control policies and reviews recent developments focused on taxation, smoking cessation, bans on smoking in public areas, and international trade policies.
Libya has hit me hard
Authors: R. Villar
Journal: BMJ (2011)

I should know all about war. I have been to enough of them. Yet Libya has hit me hard. It is my birthday. Lying in the primitive intensive care unit of this hospital, deep inside an area of rebel controlled Libya, are three young men. None is over 25 years old. They look almost identical. Each has perfectly cut, military-style short hair, each is sedated, each is dripped and catheterised, each is in pain, and, yes, each is a pro-Gaddafi soldier. They are Libyan, not central African, and they are most certainly not mercenaries. Each has a mother, each has a father, and each demonstrates the futility of war.

These three casualties are the result of contact between anti-Gaddafi and pro-Gaddafi forces about 10 km east of me now. No armour was involved as NATO bombing has reduced that to almost zero, but small arms fire and inaccurate, rapid deployment missiles are the order of the day. These three soldiers have a friend, aged less than 20 years, who is now in the hospital’s morgue covered by a shroud. Four young friends fighting, one presumes, for something in which they believe. Had they known the outcome I see before me, would they have joined, would they …
Depression: The predisposing influence of stress
Authors: Hymie Anisman, Robert M. Zacharko
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1982)

Abstract Aversive experiences have been thought to provoke or exacerbate clinical depression. The present review provides a brief survey of the stress-depression literature and suggests that the effects of stressful experiences on affective state may be related to depletion of several neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. A major element in determining the neurochemical changes is the organism's ability to cope with the aversive stimuli through behavioral means. Aversive experiences give rise to behavioral attempts to cope with the stressor, coupled with increased utilization and synthesis of brain amines to contend with environmental demands. When behavioral coping is possible, neurochemical systems are not overly taxed, and behavioral pathology will not ensue. However, when there can be no behavioral control over the stressful stimuli, or when the aversive experience is perceived as uncontrollable, increased emphasis is placed on coping through endogenous neurochemical mechanisms. Amine utilization increases appreciably and may exceed synthesis, resulting in a net reduction of amine stores, which in turn promotes or exacerbates affective disorder. The processes governing the depletions may be subject to sensitization or conditioning, such that exposure to traumatic experiences may have long-term repercussions when the organism subsequently encounters related stressful stimuli. With continued uncontrollable stimulation, adaptation occurs in the form of increased activity of synthetic enzymes, and levels of amines approach basal values. It is suggested that either the initial amine depletion provoked by aversive experiences or a dysfunction of the adaptive processes, resulting in persistent amine depletion, contributes to behavioral depression. Aside from the contribution of behavioral coping, several organismic, experiential, and environmental variables will influence the effects of aversive experiences on neurochemical activity, and may thus influence vulnerability to depression.
Late Complications of Intraoperative Coronary Artery Perfusion
Authors: GEORGE E. REED, FRANK C. SPENCER, ARTHUR D. BOYD, RICHARD M. ENGELMAN, EPHRAIM GLASSMAN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Although exceedingly unusual, six significant late and potentially lethal complications of coronary perfusion have been observed. In five patients, angina was a sequel of aortic valve replacement, and in the sixth, ventricular tachycardia occurred. Coronary angiography revealed proximal coronary artery stenosis not present in preoperative study in five of the patients, and a dissecting aneurysm of the right coronary artery in the sixth. In four patients, the findings were confirmed during successful reoperation. These patients illustrate the urgent need for repeating coronary angiography when angina or serious arrhythmia occurs late following aortic valve replacement.