tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DIPHTHERIA: ITS SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS.A Paper read before the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, at Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 4, 1893.
Authors: J. C. CULBERTSON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

A disease which our National census tells us has a rating as third in the mortality tables of our country is always worthy of profound consideration. Diphtheria is a disease of peculiar interest, because of its singularity in being more treacherous and insidious in its manifestations than any other disease that is met with by the practitioner of medicine, simulating somewhat the Irishman's flea, or the thimble rigger's paraphernalia, in which you seemingly see it, and then you don't see it. It is no unusual thing for the most acute diagnosticians to err by mistaking a case of diphtheria for a simple follicular tonsillitis, or a follicular tonsillitis for diphtheria, while papers and discussions without number on the diagnostic differentiation between diphtheria and non-infectious membranous croup have occupied very many hours of precious time at our medical society meetings. This continuous uncertainty of diagnosis has caused some excellent practitioners to
Health Care Unreform
Authors: Joel C. Cantor
Journal: JAMA (1993)

INTEREST in health care reform at the level of the states is greater now than ever. Unprecedented numbers of states are giving serious study and beginning implementation of bold new approaches to health care financing.<sup>1,2</sup>Some proposed state reforms are comprehensive, such as those under development in Colorado, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington. Others take substantial incremental steps, including those in Minnesota, New York, and Florida. One other state, New Jersey, took action to change its financing system with lightning speed. New Jersey was thrust into the forefront of health care reform when, in May 1992, a federal judge overturned that state's long-standing program of financing hospital care for the indigent. By November 30, 1992, the state government had designed and adopted a sweeping change of its hospital financing system. The federal court decision was based on a suit brought by labor unions challenging whether the state was permitted to
Antihypertensive and adverse biochemical effects of bendrofluazide
Authors: N. Poulter, P. Sever, S. Thom
Journal: BMJ (1990)

to show was that there were true social judgments that were not open to challenge by majority opinion, and to illustrate this he turned to medicine because of the newly emerging confidence being expressed in the absolute truth of the germ theorv of disease.The contemporary belief in the power of this theory was perhaps most clearly shown in the acclaim given to Robert Koch's work on the role of the bacillus in tuberculosis, which was published in the same year as An Enemv ofJthe People.It is unlikely that a playwright would look to medicine for such inspiration today; our confidence in the ability of medical science to solve all ills has declined.Ibsen raised two important questions that remain with us: firstly how to distinguish medical areas from social and political areas and define the relation between them, and, secondly, if we cannot rely on absolute truths in either of these domains, how to assess the claims of the individual as opposed to the majority.
Nondeletional α-thalassemia: First description of αHphα and αNcoα mutations in a Spanish population
Authors: S. Ayala, D. Colomer, M. Aymerich, A. Pujades, J. Ll. Vives-Corrons
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Several different deletions underlie the molecular basis of α-thalassemia. The most common α-thalassemia determinant in Spain is the rightward deletion (−α3.7). To our knowledge, however, no cases of α-thalassemia due to nondeletional mutations have so far been described in this particular Mediterranean area. Here, we report the existence of nondeletional forms of α-thalassemia in ten Spanish families. The α2-globin gene was characterized in ten unrelated patients and their relatives only when the presence of deletional α-thalassemia was ruled out. The α2-globin gene analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme analysis or by allele-specific priming. This allowed the identification of a 5-base pair (bp) deletion at the donor site of IVS I (αHphα) in 9 cases and the α2 initiation codon mutation (αNcoα) in one case. Although these α2-globin gene mutations are found in other Mediterranean areas, our results demonstrate their presence in the Spanish population and suggest that the αHphα/αα genotype is probably the most common nondeletional form of α-thalassemia in Spain. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Circumcision in boys and girls: why the double standard?
Authors: Mihail Evans
Journal: BMJ (2011)

ROB WHITE 

New legislation in France has led to more debate on whether wearing the veil amounts to the sexual repression of Muslim women. Islam’s treatment of women is a regular topic in the Western press, yet few jump to the defence of Muslim and other little boys subjected to childhood circumcision. Indeed, the circumcision of the grandson of President Sarkozy, ironically a proponent of the veil ban, made only the gossip pages in France. As a permanent surgical genital alteration, circumcision is arguably a much more serious matter. After all, a Muslim woman has, at least in theory, the option to throw away her veil. The circumcised man’s foreskin has been thrown away already.

Few countries have banned male circumcision, but even symbolic alternatives to female genital mutilation are banned in almost all Western jurisdictions. While I was a student, a female academic at my institution published a piece supportive of male circumcision. This prompted a thought experiment: suppose we found a male academic supportive of the surgical modification of female genitals. Would his views be accepted? Why can a Jewish woman speak openly to defend male circumcision and a Somali man not defend female circumcision?

Physiological …
Cerebellar ectopia presenting in adult life.
Authors: D. N. Golding
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDICALJOURNA 119Trilene anaesthesia is now used in a Mapleson A-type circuit or a non-rebreathing circuit, and therefore with a continuous flow of fresh gases the temperature will never rise above room temperature.In the case reported the patient was dipping the articles into a bath of warm trichloroethylene.The temperature of the bath is not stated, but since " fumes occasionally escaped in sufficient quantities as to be visible" the temperature must have been in the region of 60' C. (Boiling point of trichloroethylene 87' C.) This temperature in itself is surely sufficient to cause degradation into toxic products without incriminating the preservative.
Mass campaign as an instrument of endemic disease control in developing countries.
Authors: S. Manuwa
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In the underdeveloped areas . . .release of the countries from the tangled undergrowth of mass disease is a prerequisite of development.7ust as the Panama Canal could not be con- structed till Gorgas had mastered yellow fever, so the technical resources of these countries cannot be effectively exploited until the conditions of better health have been crated.... Somehow governments will have to finance the capital requirements of health....
EBNA3B-deficient EBV promotes B cell lymphomagenesis in humanized mice and is found in human tumors
Authors: Robert E. White, Patrick C. Rämer, Kikkeri N. Naresh, Sonja Meixlsperger, Laurie Pinaud, Cliona Rooney, Barbara Savoldo, Rita Coutinho, Csaba Bödör, John Gribben, Hazem A. Ibrahim, Mark Bower, Jamie P. Nourse, Maher K. Gandhi, Jaap Middeldorp, Fathima Z. Cader, Paul Murray, Christian Münz, Martin J. Allday
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persistently infects more than 90% of the human population and is etiologically linked to several B cell malignancies, including Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Despite its growth transforming properties, most immune-competent individuals control EBV infection throughout their lives. EBV encodes various oncogenes, and of the 6 latency-associated EBV-encoded nuclear antigens, only EBNA3B is completely dispensable for B cell transformation in vitro. Here, we report that infection with EBV lacking EBNA3B leads to aggressive, immune-evading monomorphic DLBCL-like tumors in NOD/SCID/γc-/- mice with reconstituted human immune system components. Infection with EBNA3B-knockout EBV (EBNA3BKO) induced expansion of EBV-specific T cells that failed to infiltrate the tumors. EBNA3BKO-infected B cells expanded more rapidly and secreted less T cell-chemoattractant CXCL10, reducing T cell recruitment in vitro and T cell-mediated killing in vivo. B cell lines from 2 EBV-positive human lymphomas encoding truncated EBNA3B exhibited gene expression profiles and phenotypic characteristics similar to those of tumor-derived lines from the humanized mice, including reduced CXCL10 secretion. Screening EBV-positive DLBCL, HL, and BL human samples identified additional EBNA3B mutations. Thus, EBNA3B is a virus-encoded tumor suppressor whose inactivation promotes immune evasion and virus-driven lymphomagenesis.
[348] ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE C ALPHA INHIBITS PROLIFERATION AND INDUCES MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 IN RAT AND HUMAN HEPATIC STELLATE CELL LINES
Authors: S. Abramovitch, I. Zvibel, D. Alias, S. Vigoodman, R. Bakalo, Z. Halpern, R. Oren
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Amlodipine increases coronary blood flow and reduces the severity of myocardial ischemia in canine hearts: roles of NO and adenosine
Authors: Hiroshi Asanuma, Masafumi Kitakaze, Koichi Node, Shoji Sanada, Hisakazu Ogita, Seiji Takashima, Masanori Asakura, Tetsuo Minamino, Michihiko Tada, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Intervention Timing and Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Robert K. Riezebos
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Bradshaw Lecture ON EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE AND ITS TREATMENT: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: G. R. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1905)

When I read the list of distinguished physicians who have preceded me in this lectureship, I feel that my best efforts can only fall far behind the acmirable contributions made by them to the science and art of medicine by means of this lecture.A few years ago, when I had the honour of delivering the Goulstonian lectures in this theatre, I selected the pathology of the thyroid gland as my subject, and devoted a considerable portion of one lecture to the pathology of exophthalmic goltre.On this occasion I propose to consider the clinical symptoms and treatment of that interesting disease.This selection has been made because a considerable number of cases of this malady has come under my observation, of which I have tabulated i8o for the purpose of this lecture; 170 of these cases occurred in women and io in men, the frequency of the disease in the two sexes thus -being in the proportion of 17 to 1. THE THYROID GLAND.Some enlargement of the thyroid gland is one of the most frequent symptoms of exophthalmic gottre.The great fre- quency of this symptom is well shown by my series of i8o cases.In 172 of these the gland was enlarged at the time the patient was examined.In 5 others it was not enlarged at the
Stimulation of liver growth by exogenous human hepatocyte growth factor in normal and partially hepatectomized rats
Authors: Kenji Fjuiwara, Sumiko Nagoshi, Akihiko Ohno, Keiichi Hirata, Yasuhiko Ohta, Satoshi Mochida, Tomoaki Tomiya, Kanji Higashio, Kiyoshi Kurokawa
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Human hepatocyte growth factor stimulates DNA synthesis by cultured rat hepatocytes. When human hepatocyte growth factor prepared from the culture medium of human embryonic lung fibroblasts was intravenously injected into normal rats and rats after 70% hepatectomy, it was detected in hepatocytes but not in nonparenchymal cells isolated 30 min after injection. Similar injections of human hepatocyte growth factor at 2-hr intervals for 10 hr significantly increased hepatic DNA content in normal rats at 48 hr, with increased hepatic content of putrescine, the essential polyamine for hepatic DNA synthesis after 70% hepatectomy, and activities of catalytic enzymes of putrescine synthesis at 6 hr almost to the levels in rats after 70% hepatectomy. Those levels in rats after 70% hepatectomy were further enhanced by similar injections of human hepatocyte growth factor starting immediately after surgery. Increased hepatic DNA content in normal rats and rats after 70% hepatectomy was also seen with recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor to a greater extent compared with that seen with human hepatocyte growth factor. In normal rats given recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled and mitotic hepatocytes were significantly increased in number at 26 hr but not at 48 hr. We conclude that exogenous human hepatocyte growth factor acts as a trigger and a promoter of liver growth to increase hepatic putrescine production in rats. Recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor is more potent than human hepatocyte growth factor in this action.
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells by growth factors and phorbol esters.
Authors: J J Ververis, L Ku, P Delafontaine
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) is an important mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. To characterize regulation of vascular IGF I receptors, we performed radioligand displacement experiments using rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMs). Serum deprivation for 48 hours caused a 40% decrease in IGF I receptor number. Exposure of quiescent RASMs to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), or angiotensin II (Ang II) caused a 1.5-2.0-fold increase in IGF I receptors per cell. After FGF exposure, there was a marked increase in the mitogenic response to IGF I. IGF I downregulated its receptors in the presence of platelet-poor plasma. Stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) by exposure of quiescent RASMs to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate caused a biphasic response in IGF I binding; there was a 42% decrease in receptor number at 45 minutes and a 238% increase at 24 hours. To determine the role of PKC in growth factor-induced regulation of IGF I receptors, we downregulated PKC by exposing RASMs to phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) for 48 hours. PDGF- and FGF- but not Ang II-mediated upregulation of IGF I receptors was completely inhibited in PDBu-treated cells. Thus, acute PKC activation by phorbol esters inhibits IGF I binding, whereas chronic PKC activation increases IGF I binding. PDGF and FGF but not Ang II regulate vascular IGF I receptors through a PKC-dependent pathway. These data provide new insights into the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell IGF I receptors in vitro and are of potential importance in characterizing vascular proliferative responses in vivo.
Society of Apothecaries diploma in sports medicine.
Authors: F B Gibberd
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

The Society of Apothecaries examination in Sports Medicine consists of four parts: a multiple-choice question paper; a written paper; a clinical section; and an oral section. The candidates must have experience in sports medicine and have to submit a dissertation and a case history book. The importance of an examination in sports medicine is discussed.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF THE SHWARTZMAN PHENOMENON
Authors: Leung Lee, Chandler A. Stetson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Rabbits given single injections of endotoxin and then skin-tested with endotoxin from 1 day to 1 month later exhibit accelerated skin reactions resembling the Arthus phenomenon. Injection of one endotoxin alters the subsequent reactivity of rabbits to other endotoxins as well. The state of altered reactivity can be transferred with serum, and appears to be related to the presence of non-precipitating cross-reactive antibody, rather than to specific precipitating antibody.
An Analog of the Natural Steroidal Alkaloid Cortistatin A Potently Suppresses Tat-Dependent HIV Transcription
Authors: Guillaume Mousseau, Mark A. Clementz, Wendy N. Bakeman, Nisha Nagarsheth, Michael Cameron, Jun Shi, Phil Baran, Rémi Fromentin, Nicolas Chomont, Susana T. Valente
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Alveolar epithelial fluid clearance is mediated by endogenous catecholamines at birth in guinea pigs.
Authors: N Finley, A Norlin, D L Baines, H G Folkesson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Transition from placental to pulmonary oxygenation at birth depends on a rapid removal of fetal lung fluid from the developing alveoli. Alveolar fluid clearance was examined in ventilated, anesthetized developing guinea pigs of the ages newborn, 2-d-old, 5-d-old, 30-d-old, and 60-d-old (adult). An isosmolar 5% albumin solution was instilled into the lungs of the guinea pigs; the guinea pigs were then studied for 1 h. Alveolar fluid clearance was measured from the increase in alveolar protein concentration as water was reabsorbed. Newborn guinea pigs had a very high alveolar fluid clearance rate that declined rapidly within the first 5 postnatal days towards adult levels. The high alveolar fluid clearance at birth was apparently mediated by the beta-adrenergic system as demonstrated by the elevated plasma epinephrine levels and the increased sensitivity to inhibition by the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol immediately after birth. Surprisingly, exogenous addition of epinephrine was not able to stimulate alveolar fluid clearance in the newborn lung, but exogenous epinephrine stimulation increased over time to adult levels. The elevated alveolar fluid clearance at birth was associated with a significantly greater amiloride sensitivity in the newborn guinea pig lung. Northern blot analysis of distal lung tissue as well as isolated alveolar epithelial type II cells showed and confirmed higher levels of the alpha-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel mRNA in the newborn lung that rapidly tapered off toward adult levels. In conclusion, these data demonstrate the importance of the beta-adrenergic system and amiloride-sensitive sodium transporting pathways for clearance of fetal lung fluid at birth.
Relative Power of Ammunition
Authors: Robert G. Schipf
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his review of an apparent suicide attempt (241:2265, 1979), Bernard P. Wolff, MD, mentioned the use of "a .32-caliber revolver" and reported that the bullets barely got through the skin over the skull. He called this a "remarkably minor injury resulting from a powerful weapon." I would guess that the ammunition involved here is either the .32 S&amp;W or the .32 S&amp;W long (these are standard designations), most likely the former. If so, the injury is not remarkable at all as these "calibers" are notorious for their poor results on humans, especially when bone penetration is necessary. Either caliber is an excellent squirrel- or rabbit-getter, especially the latter, but any decent ballistician or knowledgeable gun buff will discourse at length on the ineffectiveness of this kind of stuff as man-stoppers. Surely, such ammunition can kill, but that is not the point here or in most cases. There are, of
Comprehensive analysis of the molecular basis of oculocutaneous albinism in Indian patients lacking a mutation in the tyrosinase gene
Authors: M. Sengupta, M. Mondal, P. Jaiswal, S. Sinha, M. Chaki, S. Samanta, K. Ray
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Comprehensive analysis of the molecular basis of oculocutaneous albinism in Indian patients lacking a mutation in the tyrosinase gene Get access M. Sengupta, M. Sengupta Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (a CSIR unit), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata‐700032, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Mondal, M. Mondal Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (a CSIR unit), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata‐700032, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Jaiswal, P. Jaiswal Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (a CSIR unit), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata‐700032, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Sinha, S. Sinha Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (a CSIR unit), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata‐700032, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Chaki, M. Chaki Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (a CSIR unit), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata‐700032, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Samanta, S. Samanta Department of Ophthalmology, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Ray K. Ray Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (a CSIR unit), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata‐700032, India Kunal Ray. E‐mail: kunalray@gmail.com, kray@iicb.res.in Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 163, Issue 3, 1 September 2010, Pages 487–494, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09830.x Published: 01 September 2010