tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased bioavailability of enzymes of eicosanoid synthesis in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues after portacaval shunting
Authors: Matthias Goerig, Heinrich Wernze, Burkhard Kommerell, Martin Grün
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Metabolites of arachidonic acid have been attributed to severe circulatory, metabolic and hormonal alterations in patients with chronic liver disease. In order to study changes of the tissue-specific availability of enzymes of eicosanoid synthesis, we used portacavalshunted rats, as this model exhibits many clinical and biochemical similarities to patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver. Microsomal mass and maximal velocity of prostaglandin H synthase, the initial enzyme of prostaglandin synthesis, were markedly and permanently increased after shunting in both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues as compared to those of sham-operated rats. Maximal velocity of thromboxane synthase and prostacyclin synthase, two more peripheral enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade, were tissue-specifically enhanced, whereas the apparent affinities (K m ) remained unchanged. Determination of 5-lipoxygenase activity in tissue preparations disclosed a preferential increase in the liver, lung and renal cortex after portacaval shunting. Furthermore, exposure to endotoxin closely mimicked the shunting-induced changes. These results suggest that after portacaval shunting and possibly in patients with advanced liver disease, profound abnormalities at the level of local enzyme expression might play a pathophysiologically important role in the control of eicosanoid synthesis.
Intervention ventriculography. Comparative value of nitroglycerin, post-extrasystolic potentiation and nitroglycerin plus post-extrasystolic potentiation.
Authors: V S Banka, M M Bodenheimer, R Shah, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The comparative value of nitroglycerin (TNG), post-extrasystolic potentiation (PESP) and their combination (TNG + PESP) to unmask asynergic residual contraction was examined, each patient serving as his own control. Twelve of 13 hypokinetic zones improved both with TNG and PESP. One remained unchanged with either. Of 15 akinetic zones, four improved with both TNG and PESP, while ten remained unchanged. One akinetic zone, although improved with TNG, remained unchanged with PESP. Four dyskinetic zones did not change with either. Six asynergic zones responding to TNG alone demonstrated further augmentation with TNG + PESP. However, none of 13 TNG unresponsive zones improved with TNG + PESP. Thus, TNG, PESP, and TNG + PESP are each equally capable of unmasking asynergic residual contractile ability.
International agencies help fight Marburg disease outbreak in Uganda
Authors: H. Wasswa
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Healthcare teams from international agencies are helping to fight an epidemic of Marburg disease in Uganda that has so far killed one healthcare worker and left 137 people under observation. A 30 year old radiographer died on 28 September in the capital, Kampala, and 80 people came under surveillance by 5 October.

A World Health Organization official told The BMJ that the number of people who had made contact with the dead man and who were being monitored had risen to …
ARE FUNGUS INFECTIONS INCREASING AS A RESULT OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY?
Authors: Albert M. Kligman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

An increasing incidence of moniliasis in association with the administration of the wide-spectrum antibiotics, such as aureomycin, terramycin, and chloramphenicol (chloromycetin®), has been recorded recently.1For inclusion in New and Nonofficial Remedies, the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association requires that these drugs bear a label warning the user that prolonged administration may lead to moniliasis.2While cutaneous and other reactions occur with some frequency after antibiotic therapy, it is believed that incrimination of moniliasis as the cause of numerous side-reactions requires critical reappraisal. Our studies indicate that: 1. Most of the reported instances of localized moniliasis are not actually cases of this disease. 2. The definitive requirements for establishing this diagnosis are often insufficiently appreciated. 3. Infection with fungi after antibiotic therapy is a complex phenomenon that is part of the general problem of superinfection with antibiotic resistant micro-organisms, including both fungi and
The myth of computational level theory and the vacuity of rational analysis
Authors: Barton L. Anderson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract I extend Jones &amp; Love's (J&amp;L's) critique of Bayesian models and evaluate the conceptual foundations on which they are built. I argue that: (1) the “Bayesian” part of Bayesian models is scientifically trivial; (2) “computational level” theory is a fiction that arises from an inappropriate programming metaphor; and (3) the real scientific problems lie outside Bayesian theorizing.
Retention of Nitrogen, Fat, and Calories in Infants of Low Birth Weight on Conventional and High-Volume Feed
Authors: H. B. Valman, R. Aikens, Z. David-Reed, J. S. Garrow
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Two balance studies were performed on each of five infants of low birth weight. About 230 ml/kg/day of S.M.A. S26 milk was given during one study and 180 ml/kg/day during the other. The proportion of nitrogen, fat, and calories retained was similar in the two studies, suggesting that the larger weight gains on the high-volume feeds were due to growth rather than retention of water or excessive deposition of fat.
PARP-2 Regulates SIRT1 Expression and Whole-Body Energy Expenditure
Authors: Péter Bai, Carles Canto, Attila Brunyánszki, Aline Huber, Magdolna Szántó, Yana Cen, Hiroyasu Yamamoto, Sander M. Houten, Borbala Kiss, Hugues Oudart, Pál Gergely, Josiane Menissier-de Murcia, Valérie Schreiber, Anthony A. Sauve, Johan Auwerx
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Abstract P3-09-05: Let-7 microRNAs Regulate a Novel Variant of Estrogen Receptor Alpha, ER-≥36, Nongenomic Estrogen Signal Pathway, and Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Y Zhao, C Deng, W Lu, J Xiao, RR Recker, GG. Guishan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important regulatory functions in breast cancer tumorigenesis. We previously found that let-7 miRNAs were significantly downregulated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues. Material and Methods: QRT-PCR was used to check let-7 family miRNAs in FFPE tissues and breast cancer cell lines as well as expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-≥36, a variant of ER-≥66, after let-7 miRNA transfecton. Immunoblot analysis was employed to check protein expression in FFPE tissue and breast cancer cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay was used to detect direct regulation of let-7 miRNA on ER-α expression. MTT assay was applied for cell proliferation after transfection of let-7 miRNAs. Results: We found that there was an inverse correlation between the expression of ER-≥36 and several members of let-7 family miRNAs in the FFPE tissue set. Let-7 miRNA sequences match sequence in the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) of ER-≥36, indicating ER-≥36 may be a target of let-7. Cotransfection of let-7 mimics with ER-≥36 3’ UTR luciferase construct decreased the activity of reporter gene. Conversely, let-7 inhibitors enhanced the reporter gene activity. Transfection of let-7 mimics inhibited both the mRNA and protein levels of ER-≥36 and further inhibited the non-genomic estrogen pathway mediated by ER-≥36 in MDA-MB-231 cells. On the contrary, transfection of let-7 inhibitors enhanced the ER-≥36 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in 184A1 cells. The high expression of ER-≥36 in tamoxifen resistant MCF7 cells can be inhibited by transfection of let-7 mimics and sensitivity toward tamoxifen is enhanced. Conclusion: Let-7 miRNAs regulate the expression of ER-≥36, which is involved in non-genomic estrogen pathway and tamoxifen resistance. Let-7 could be therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-05.
Isonicotinic Hydrazide as Wonder Drug
Authors: P. W. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1952)

This study describes a tax-efficient withdrawal strategy that can add substantial value to many clients of financial advisors with financial portfolios worth up to $2 million. In early retirement years, these households can delay the start of their Social Security benefits and make Roth conversions to fill relatively low tax brackets, which are generally also their marginal tax rates. Once Social Security benefits begin, they can make tax-free Roth withdrawals to minimize the amount of tax-deferred account (e.g., 401(k)) withdrawals that are taxed at 185% of their tax bracket, due to the taxation of Social Security benefits. With a series of cases, we show that a financial advisor can add substantial value to many of their clients’ financial portfolios by recommending such a withdrawal strategy. <b>Key Findings</b> • Due to the taxation of Social Security benefits, there is a wide range of income where a household will have a marginal tax rate of 150% or 185% of their tax bracket, where marginal tax rate denotes the additional taxes paid on the next dollar of income. • This study presents a general tax-efficient withdrawal strategy that will help many singles and married couples with financial portfolios worth up to $2 million substantially reduce the present value of their lifetime income taxes. In addition, these withdrawal strategies can greatly reduce the percentage of these households’ lifetime Social Security benefits that will be taxable. • In the general tax-efficient withdrawal strategies, in early retirement years, these households should delay the start of their Social Security benefits and make Roth conversions to fill relatively low tax brackets, which are generally also their marginal tax rates. Once Social Security benefits begin, they can make tax-free Roth withdrawals to minimize the amount of tax-deferred account (e.g., 401(k)) withdrawals that are taxed at 185% of their tax bracket, due to the taxation of Social Security benefits.
A Call to Action for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Timothy A. Graubert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The cure rates for precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) among children have improved, but the prognosis for older patients and children with relapsed disease remains poor. Risk stratification based on clinical features and disease characteristics can improve outcomes by enabling physicians to reduce the toxicity of therapy for patients with lower-risk disease and intensify therapy for patients with higher-risk disease. The negative prognosis associated with the t(9;22) translocation, which results in expression of the BCR–ABL1 activated kinase fusion protein, is attenuated by treatment that includes tyrosine kinase inhibitors, providing a paradigm for molecularly guided therapy in patients with precursor . . .
Synthetic Food Colors and Neurobehavioral Hazards: The View from Environmental Health Research
Authors: Bernard Weiss
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The proposition that synthetic food colors can induce adverse behavioral effects in children was first enunciated in 1975 by Feingold [Why Your Child Is Hyperactive. New York:Random House (1975)], who asserted that elevated sensitivity to food additives underlies the signs of hyperactivity observed in some children. Although the evidence suggested that some unknown proportion of children did respond to synthetic food colors, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) interpreted the evidence as inconclusive. A study published in 2007 [McCann et al. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 370:1560-1567 (2007)] drew renewed attention to the hypothesis because of the study's size and scope. It led the FDA to review the evidence, hold a public hearing, and seek the advice of its Food Advisory Committee. In preparation for the hearing, the FDA reviewed the available evidence and concluded that it did not warrant further agency action.In this commentary I examine the basis of the FDA's position, the elements of the review that led to its decision and that of the Food Advisory Committee, and the reasons that this is an environmental health issue.The FDA review confined itself, in essence, to the clinical diagnosis of hyperactivity, as did the charge to the committee, rather than asking the broader environmental question of behavioral effects in the general population; it failed to recognize the significance of vulnerable subpopulations; and it misinterpreted the meaning of effect size as a criterion of risk. The FDA's response would have benefited from adopting the viewpoints and perspectives common to environmental health research. At the same time, the food color debate offers a lesson to environmental health researchers; namely, too narrow a focus on a single outcome or criterion can be misleading.
849 PATIENTS WITH ASCITES HAVE FALSE VALUES OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY AT THE CENTRAL SKELETON. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: A. Martinez-Ferrer, R. Reyes, A. Monegal, A. Muxi, J. Caballeria, P. Peris, F. Pons, A. Parés, N. Guañnabens
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
CIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF RAISED AIRWAY PRESSURE DURING CYCLOPROPANE ANESTHESIA IN MAN 1
Authors: Henry L. Price, Benton D. King, John D. Elder, Benjamin H. Libien, Robert D. Dripps
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

It is generally agreed (3-7) that the most striking circulatory effect of positive pulmonary pressure, either intermittent or continuous, in normal conscious individuals, is a reduction of cardiac output. In some subjects cardiac output may be maintained during pressure breathing (7), but the stroke volume of the heart is low, and its output is maintained because of a marked rise in the pulse rate. The reduction of stroke volume is presumed to result (4) from a diminished filling of the right ventricle, caused by the rise in intrathoracic pressure occurring when the lungs are inflated under positive pressure. In response to these changes, a vasoconstriction occurs (2, 8-10) which tends to reduce peripheral pooling of blood and improves the return of blood to the heart. In animals studied under general anesthesia, the arterial pressure declined more in response to raised airway pressure when anesthesia was profound than when it was less deep ( 11 ). It has been assumed that the same would be true in man
A cellular gene up-regulated by hepatitis B virus–encoded X antigen promotes hepatocellular growth and survival
Authors: Zhaorui Lian, Jie Liu, Jingbo Pan, Lale N. Satiroglu Tufan, Minghua Zhu, Patrick Arbuthnot, Michael Kew, Marcy M. Clayton, Mark A. Feitelson
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) select complementary DNA (cDNA) subtraction of hepatitis B x antigen (HBxAg)–positive compared with –negative HepG2 cells resulted in the up–regulated expression of a cellular gene that encodes a transcript of 745 bases and a polypeptide 99 amino acids long. GenBank analysis revealed extensive homology with the amino terminal domain of cellular multidrug resistant proteins (MRP), although overexpression of this gene did not confer an MRP phenotype. In situ hybridization and immunostaining showed colocalized expression with HBxAg in the liver of hepatitis B carriers. Overexpression of this protein stimulated the growth of HepG2 cells in serum–free medium, and partially protected cells from anti–Fas–mediated killing, but did not promote growth in soft agar or tumor formation in nude mice. Introduction of the dominant negative inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IκBα) into HBxAg–positive HepG2 cells decreased the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein, suggesting that its up–regulation is nuclear factor κB (NF–κB) dependent. Hence, HBxAg activation of NF–κB may result in the up–regulation of a cellular protein that promotes growth factor–independent survival and protects against Fas–mediated killing. This factor may contribute to the persistence of infected hepatocytes during chronic infection, which is important for the later development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Childhood adiposity predicts adult-onset current asthma in females: a 25-yr prospective study
Authors: J. A. Burgess, E. H. Walters, G. B. Byrnes, G. G. Giles, M. A. Jenkins, M. J. Abramson, J. L. Hopper, S. C. Dharmage
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Few data exist on associations between childhood adiposity and incident asthma in later life. The present authors examined the relationship between childhood body mass index (BMI) and incident asthma beginning in adolescence or in adult life. All subjects included in the study were participants in the Tasmanian Asthma Survey, a large population-based cohort study, and were asthma free at 7 yrs of age. Weight, height and lung function were measured at 7 yrs of age. Asthma status at 7 and 32 yrs of age was ascertained by questionnaire. Odds ratios were calculated for the association between childhood adiposity, expressed as "overweight" or as BMI z-score quartiles at 7 yrs of age, and asthma development after that age. In females, but not in males, there was a significant association between adiposity at 7 yrs of age and current asthma at 32 yrs of age that developed after the age of 21 yrs. The association was not explained by childhood lung function or age at menarche. There was no association between adiposity at 7 yrs of age and asthma that developed after that age and remitted at 32 yrs of age in either sex. Higher body mass index in nonasthmatic young females at 7 yrs of age predicts risk of current asthma developing in adult life.
Reply from Authors re: Behfar Ehdaie, Karim A. Touijer. 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer: From Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice. Eur Urol 2013;63:788–9
Authors: Fritz Schröder, Chris Bangma, Javier C. Angulo, Antonio Alcaraz, Marc Colombel, Tom McNicholas, Teuvo L. Tammela, Indrani Nandy, Ramiro Castro
Journal: European Urology (2013)
REPORT ON INTUBATION OF THE LARYNX.
Authors: F. E. WAXHAM
Journal: JAMA (1889)

It is my pleasure, Mr. Chairman, to report that intubation is still growing in favor, and fulfilling the expectations of its advocates. At the last meeting of this Association, I reported 150 cases coming under my personal care, with forty-one recoveries or 27.33 per cent. During the past year I have operated sixty times, with twenty-eight recoveries or 46.66 per cent.; making a total of 210 cases with sixty-nine recoveries or 32.85 per cent. The operation performed as it is, as a last resort, when the patient has been given up to die and other measures have been tried in vain, a saving of one out of three is a most satisfactory result, and places the procedure in the front rank among the life-saving operations. It will be observed that the percentage of recoveries during the last year has been much larger than before, amounting to nearly 50 per cent.
Abstract 3395: Role of the activating protein 2 transcription factor in regulating cell invasion and migration in malignant glioma
Authors: Saket Jain, Ho Yin Poon, Roseline Godbout
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Malignant gliomas (MG) or high-grade astrocytomas are highly infiltrative brain tumors. Our previous work has shown that brain fatty acid binding protein (B-FABP) regulates the migratory properties of MG cells. B-FABP expression can be controlled by transcription factors such as NF1 and AP2. AP2 is a family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of genes responsible for cellular growth and differentiation during early development. Five AP2 genes have been identified in mice and humans: AP2α, AP2β, AP2γ, AP2δ and AP2ε. AP2 transcription factors are predominantly localized in the nucleus where they bind as homodimers or heterodimers to the consensus sequence GCCNNNGGC. Recent studies have shown that AP2α expression is inversely correlated with astrocytoma grade and that there are higher levels of AP2α in the cytoplasm of high-grade astrocytomas compared to low-grade astrocytomas. Objective: To study the regulation of B-FABP expression in response to AP2 in MG. Methodology: A panel of 10 MG cell lines was used to examine AP2α protein levels. Five of these cell lines were B-FABP +ve and five were B-FABP-ve. The effect of AP2 expression on endogenous B-FABP was examined by transfecting AP2 expression constructs into the B-FABP +ve U251 MG cell line. B-FABP levels were examined by western blot analysis and the subcellular localization of AP2 was studied by immunofluorescence analysis. Results: Western blot analysis indicates that AP2α is expressed in four out of five B-FABP-ve MG cell lines but in only one of the five B-FABP +ve MG cell lines tested. AP2 overexpression studies indicate that B-FABP levels are significantly reduced upon overexpression of AP2α, AP2β or AP2ε. Immunofluorescence data suggest preferential localization of AP2β in the cytoplasm of B-FABP +ve U251 MG cells. Our preliminary result shows difference in affinity towards heterodimerization between AP2 family members. Conclusion and future directions: AP2 is a negative regulator of B-FABP expression. Exclusion of AP2 from the nucleus allows transcription of B-FABP in MG cells, which in turn leads to increased cell migration. Experiments will be carried out to see the effect of AP2 heterodimerization on regulation of B-FABP transcription. Phosphorylation studies will be carried out to see whether AP2 phosphorylation affects its subcellular localization. This study may lead to new approaches to reduce B-FABP expression in MG, thereby reducing or preventing cell migration and tumor infiltration. Citation Format: Saket Jain, Ho Yin Poon, Roseline Godbout. Role of the activating protein 2 transcription factor in regulating cell invasion and migration in malignant glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3395. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3395
The work of the Central Manpower Committee for England and Wales: some personal observations
Authors: D. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Subcommittee of the GMS Committee, which did not accept any reduction in GP maternity services, pending a proper review of the safety factor in obstetrics. GERIATRIC CAREDr R C R Gethen drew attention to the statement that, "It is intended that up to two-thirds of community hospital beds should be for geriatric patients and for elderly patients with severe dementia."The CMO had said that community hos- pitals could not exist without general practitioner staffing, con- tinued Dr Gethen, and if GPs were to look after two-thirds of geriatric patients and elderly patients with severe dementia, it implied new money and new work.The chairman pointed out that the CMO had given an assurance that he was not thinking in terms of geriatrics in the medical sense, but the older age group who predominantly use that type of hospital.The Department had admitted that budgetry control pro- cedures were rough and ready, Dr N C Varey told the GMS Committee.In his view the levels of staffing and money that the Department proposed could not possibly meet current needs.Dr Lena Williams said that in London there was difficulty in getting maternity beds in teaching hospitals, and in the North- east Thames Region the lack of psychogeriatric beds and con- sultants to look after them was a problem.The emphasis in the document was on putting things back into the community, Dr A J Rowe pointed out.But a more rapid throughput in hospitals would not reduce the need for nurses.Nursing staff, if anything, would have to be augmented, yet the document stated that more nursing services must be provided for the community.Then it was pointed out that resources were not likely to be made available for another three years.