tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adenine Nucleotide Translocase 1 Deficiency Results in Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Defects in Myocardial Mechanics, Histopathological Alterations, and Activation of Apoptosis
Authors: Nupoor Narula, Michael V. Zaragoza, Partho P. Sengupta, Peng Li, Nezam Haider, Johan Verjans, Katrina Waymire, Mani Vannan, Douglas C. Wallace
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Selective sweat gland removal with minimal skin excision in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis: a retrospective clinical and histological review of 15 patients
Authors: C.M. Lawrence, A.A. Lonsdale Eccles
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Limited axillary skin excision and selective sweat gland removal from adjacent skin (Shelley's procedure) is currently rarely used for hyperhidrosis.To determine whether this technique is a good way of permanently reducing axillary sweating.This was a prospective, open, nonrandomized trial of the therapy, conducted in a university dermatology department. A small skin ellipse, parallel to the skin crease lines, was excised from the centre of the area of maximal sweating. The wound edges were undermined to the extent of maximal sweating and the skin reflected. Large visible sweat glands attached to the undersurface of the adjacent skin could be readily identified and were snipped off using scissors. We treated 15 axillae in eight patients with axillary hyperhidrosis. Sweat reduction was assessed by the patients who estimated the percentage reduction in sweating postoperatively. The scar appearance was graded by the surgeon. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained transverse sections of eight axillary skin ellipses from five subjects were examined histologically to establish the size, position and depth of the sweat gland tissue.All of the patients responded to treatment: mean sweat reduction was 65% (range 40-90%). Mean follow up was 1.3 years (range 0.1-6) and sweat reduction was maintained over this period. Histological material was available from five patients: sweat glands lay slightly deeper than hair follicles; glandular tissue occupied an average thickness of 3.5 mm in the 5-mm thick piece of skin. Apocrine gland lobules were more numerous and larger than eccrine gland lobules. Both gland types were in close apposition and did not occupy distinctly different depths within the skin.Local surgery using limited axillary skin excision and selective sweat gland removal remains one of the safest ways of permanently reducing axillary sweating.
Sodium-dependent <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cl</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">HCO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">3</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mrow /><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> exchange in patients with chronic renal failure: Correlation with …
Authors: Martin Tepel, Oliver Nesbit, Faruk Tokmak, Walter Zidek
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Five-year Survey of the Treatment of Varicose Ulcers
Authors: M. E. F. Henry, W. G. Fegan, J. M. Pegum
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Eighty-two consecutive women with varicose ulcers were treated by compression sclerotherapy; 73 (89%) of them were reviewed 46 to 69 months after treatment. The cure rate at follow-up for the whole group was 82%. In obese patients the cure rate was 76%, while in non-obese patients it was 89%. These results compare favourably with those of surgery.
Glycemic Response to Wheat Products: Reduced Response to Pasta but No Effect of Fiber
Authors: David J A Jenkins, Thomas M S Wolever, Alexandra L Jenkins, Randolph Lee, Gerald S Wong, Robert Josse
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The blood glucose response to feeding 50-g carbohydrate portions of white and wholemeal bread and white spaghetti was studied in a group of nine diabetic subjects. Blood glucose rises after white and wholemeal bread were identical, but the response after spaghetti was markedly reduced. These results emphasize that food form rather than fiber may be important in determining the glycemic response and that pasta may be a useful source of carbohydrate in the diabetic diet.
Acute Immunosuppression with HIV Seroconversion
Authors: Kaushal K. Gupta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Acute immunosuppression with opportunistic infection immediately after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion is believed not to occur. Here is one such case. On September 16, 1991, a 31-year-old, heterosexual white man without risk factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was admitted with an influenza-like syndrome of fever, mouth sores, odynophagia, rectal pain and bleeding, and weakness. Laboratory tests revealed a white-cell count of 2300 per cubic millimeter, a platelet count of 52,000 per cubic millimeter, and a hematocrit of 49 percent. Colonoscopy showed diffuse edema, erythema, mucosal friability, and whitish plaque-like lesions in the rectum. Rectal biopsy . . .
Academic medicine: time for reinvention: MRC aims to give NHS evidence from randomised clinical trials
Authors: C. Blakemore
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—The public in general and NHS patients in particular ought to benefit from advances in knowledge about prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and care. Important progress has been made in disseminating relevant information through the National Electronic Library for Health and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), but more investment in randomised clinical trials is needed to test the validity of hypotheses and findings derived from basic research.

The Medical Research Council remains the largest public funder of clinical trials and has steadily increased its investment in randomised clinical trials (figure). But the total numbers of non-commercial randomised trials in the United Kingdom has declined worryingly, including those supported by the NHS research and development programme.1 Given the needs of the NHS, the overall public support for randomised clinical trials remains modest compared with that for other areas of biomedical science. Substantial investment is needed in infrastructure, staff, and other resources if the number of trials is to keep up with the need.



Figure 1

Annual expenditure of the Medical Research Council on randomised controlled trials (excluding cancer trials in long term follow up)



Recent reports by the Academy of Medical Sciences and the Bioscience and Innovation Growth Team, for the Department of Trade and Industry, recommended initiatives to ensure that research to assess the effects of new treatments in practice is conducted as efficiently as possible after discovery in the laboratory.2,3

The MRC recently set out its future strategy for supporting clinical trials and intends to make clinical research a high priority in its proposals for the spending review 2004.4 It stands ready to play a central role in a strengthened commitment to clinical trials.
Tuberculin test in children with malnutrition.
Authors: A. K. Bhattacharyya
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Bsensitive organisms are the same as those found in a similar larger series in our area three years ago.The coliforms and Proteus spp.isolated from patients with conditions such as bladder dys- function, obstructive lesions of the urinary tract, or who have been catheterized, are much more frequently resistant.For example, in a genitourinary surgical unit only 12% of the coliforms 'isolated were sensitive to sulphonamides.We feel that the difference between organisms caus- ing infections of this type (where a large proportion are not Esch.colt) and those causing acute infections outside hospital needs empha- sizing.The essential points in the technique of testing for sulphonamide sensitivity have been clearly restated by Dr. P. C. C. Brown and his colleagues (19 October, p. 190).Sulphonamide sensitivities cannot be performed satisfactorily unless the medium is free of sulphonamide inhibitors and attention is paid to the size of the inoculum.On these grounds it is difficult to assess the significance of the results obtained by Dr. M. H. Robertson (12 October, p. 121).1From our experience of patients seen in north and south Manchester there is no evidence of the development of drug resist- ance to a degree that should discourage general practitioners in this area from the initial use of sulphonamides for treating acute urinary tract infections.-Weare, etc.,
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Predicting Outcome in Breast Cancer
Authors: Peter Krippl, Uwe Langsenlehner, Hellmut Samonigg, Wilfried Renner, Herwig Köppel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

To the editor:

We have read with great interest the work by Konecny et al. about HER-2/neu and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and breast cancer outcome [(1)][1] . As we reported recently, a polymorphism downstream of the VEGF gene, 936C>T, was associated with VEGF expression
Literacy in India
Authors: R. M. Krishnamsetty
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With reference to the observation, "in a country with less than 10% literacy" made by Arneson and Hammerschmidt (1980;244:1139), I would like to point out that India's literacy is mentioned as, "total: 33.3%, male: 46.3%, female: 18.8%" in the new<i>Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia</i>, vol 10, p 983. The<i>Bri</i><i>tannica</i>mentions many countries, unfortunately, with less than 10% literacy. India is not one of them. I would assume that Arneson and Hammerschmidt have attempted to guess the figure unessential to their otherwise excellent photoessay
The combination of bortezomib, melphalan, dexamethasone and intermittent thalidomide is an effective regimen for relapsed/refractory myeloma and is associated with improvement of abnormal bone metabolism and angiogenesis
Authors: E Terpos, E Kastritis, M Roussou, D Heath, D Christoulas, N Anagnostopoulos, E Eleftherakis-Papaiakovou, K Tsionos, P Croucher, M A Dimopoulos
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
The "British System" of Heroin Maintenance
Authors: Joseph J. Geller
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The principal basis for a heroin maintenance program is, however, that only by this means can we eliminate the sociological evils of the problem: namely, the illegal trafficking in the drug and the constant motivation to engage new victims becoming addicted in order to get additional customers for the drug traffickers.  Perhaps in the desire to solve this massive social problem of addiction by unitary means, it is overlooked that it could be handled in stages. If heroin were inexpensively available, there certainly would be no motivation for underworld elements to engage in drug sales and distribution. There would then be no need for victims of addiction to work for them in order to get their drugs, and a significant element of criminal behavior hopefully would be eliminated.  While Dr. Lewis does not indicate whether or not he has considered this social component of the addiction problem,
The Pennsylvania Osteopath Bill.
Authors: Henry Beates
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Philadelphia, May 4, 1905. <h3>To the Editor.</h3> The governor of Pennsylvania has just vetoed the osteopathic bill, which passed both houses of the legislature, by methods which perhaps had better remain unnoticed. As the effort of these pretenders has been made in several states, a comparison of the bills submitted discovers one fact, which I believe it would be well to make plain through the columns ofThe Journalof the American Medical Association. This point is best discovered and demonstrated by a quotation from Senate Bill No. 311 of Illinois, and, parallel therewith, from Bill No. 115, file of the Senate of Pennsylvania. Each of these bills, every physician should recognize, apparently provides for an examination for licensure to practice osteopathy on proving, before a proposed board of examiners, that the candidate is possessed of a standard of qualification approximating that of the medical laws of the highest standard
217 G-CSF ADMINISTRATION IS NOT RELATED TO PEG-IFN ALFA-2B TREATMENT DURATION NOR RESPONSE IN LIVER TRANSPLANTED PATIENTS WITH HCV RECURRENCE
Authors: F. Lodato, M.R. Tame, M. DiGirolamo, F. Azzaroli, A. Gramenzi, S. Berardi, P. Andreone, A.D. Pinna, E. Roda, G. Mazzella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Ethics committees: an ethical dilemma
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The year before we married we lived in sin, just outside Sunderland. We attempted to cook. The results were half baked, half cooked, and half eaten. Spitting food out, although not classic table etiquette, was common. But in our darkest hour we were saved by the supreme being, Delia Smith. We followed her simple recipes using our tiny, hand me down aluminium pans, and they worked. We are better cooks now and realise that cooking is as much about technique as ingredients. I still read cookbooks, but never follow them, because …
Rejection Processes in Human Homotransplanted Kidneys
Authors: W. J. Dempster, C. V. Harrison, R. Shackman
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Case 1 J. F., a man aged 41, had chronic pyelonephritis.History.-Whenadmitted to Hammersmith Hospital in December 1962 he gave a long history of renal failure and had required haemo- dialysis on four occasions.His general condition was poor, he was anaemic (Hb 5.2 g./100 ml.) and hypertensive (200/150 mm.Hg), and there was gross infection with Staphylococcus aureus.The
Seborrheic-like dermatitis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Fred F. Soeprono, Roger A. Schinella, Clay J. Cockerell, Stephen L. Comite
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1986)

We studied twenty-five skin biopsies from twenty-one patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or its prodrome who presented with the "seborrheic dermatitis" associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and compared them with an equal number of biopsies from patients with seborrheic dermatitis who had neither acquired immunodeficiency syndrome nor its risk factors. We found that although the eruption in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome closely resembles seborrheic dermatitis, histologically it is distinctive because it shows spotty keratinocytic necrosis, leukoexocytosis, and a superficial perivascular infiltrate of plasma cells and, frequently, neutrophils that show occasional leukocytoclasis. In longstanding lesions, hyperkeratosis is often present. None of these histologic features are commonly encountered in seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, or other eruptions known to us. We studied twenty-five skin biopsies from twenty-one patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or its prodrome who presented with the "seborrheic dermatitis" associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and compared them with an equal number of biopsies from patients with seborrheic dermatitis who had neither acquired immunodeficiency syndrome nor its risk factors. We found that although the eruption in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome closely resembles seborrheic dermatitis, histologically it is distinctive because it shows spotty keratinocytic necrosis, leukoexocytosis, and a superficial perivascular infiltrate of plasma cells and, frequently, neutrophils that show occasional leukocytoclasis. In longstanding lesions, hyperkeratosis is often present. None of these histologic features are commonly encountered in seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, or other eruptions known to us.
PATHOLOGY OF INEBRIETY.SUPERINTENDENT WALNUT LODGE HOSPITAL.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The pathology of inebriety is the story of a long series of degenerative changes extending over many years, and also the record of brain storms and explosive liberation of nerve energies acting on defective cells and nerve centers. In all instances these changes appear in the walls of the blood vessels, the nerve cells and dentrites. The inebriate whose brain and body after death exhibit a confused mass of wreckage which the pathologist is often unable to trace back to the exact causes and conditions, has always sclerotic conditions of the large and small arteries, together with atrophic and hyperatrophic states of the heart, kidneys and liver with fatty degeneration, and calcification of the coats of the arteries. These organic changes are so frequently present in inebriates that they constitute a marked pathology which is traceable to the use of alcohol. A large number of alcoholics die from acute diseases
Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: A prospective study
Authors: Javier Fernández, Juan Acevedo, Miriam Castro, Orlando Garcia, Carlos Rodríguez de Lope, Daria Roca, Marco Pavesi, Elsa Sola, Leticia Moreira, Anibal Silva, Tiago Seva-Pereira, Francesco Corradi, Jose Mensa, Pere Ginès, Vicente Arroyo
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical effect of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis are poorly known. This work was a prospective evaluation in two series of cirrhotic patients admitted with infection or developing infection during hospitalization. The first series was studied between 2005 and 2007 (507 bacterial infections in 223 patients) and the second between 2010 and 2011 (162 bacterial infections in 110 patients). In the first series, 32% of infections were community acquired (CA), 32% healthcare associated (HCA), and 36% nosocomial. Multiresistant bacteria (92 infections; 18%) were isolated in 4%, 14%, and 35% of these infections, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL - E ; n = 43) was the main multiresistant organism identified, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 17), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 14), and Enterococcus faecium (n = 14). The efficacy of currently recommended empirical antibiotic therapy was very low in nosocomial infections (40%), compared to HCA and CA episodes (73% and 83%, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001), particularly in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary tract infection, and pneumonia (26%, 29%, and 44%, respectively). Septic shock (26% versus 10%; P &lt; 0.0001) and mortality rate (25% versus 12%; P = 0.001) were significantly higher in infections caused by multiresistant strains. Nosocomial origin of infection (hazard ratio [HR], 4.43), long-term norfloxacin prophylaxis (HR, 2.69), recent infection by multiresistant bacteria (HR, 2.45), and recent use of β-lactams (HR, 2.39) were independently associated with the development of multiresistant infections. Results in the second series were similar to those observed in the first series. Conclusions : Multiresistant bacteria, especially ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae , are frequently isolated in nosocomial and, to a lesser extent, HCA infections in cirrhosis, rendering third-generation cephalosporins clinically ineffective. New antibiotic strategies tailored according to the local epidemiological patterns are needed for the empirical treatment of nosocomial infections in cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2012)
EUS-guided fine needle injection (FNI) and anti-tumor therapy
Authors: K. Chang
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

EUS has evolved from EUS imaging, to EUS-guided FNA, and now to EUS-guided fine needle injection (FNI). This advancement has paved the way for "Interventional EUS" [1]. EUS-guided FNI includes delivery of contrast agents with subsequent drainage/anastomosis, pre-EMR solution, botulinum toxin, neurolytic agents (including intra-ganglion injections), sclerosing solutions/glue, radiofrequency energy, radioactive and inert seeds, light-activating laser, and a growing number of anti-tumor agents. These will all be addressed in this update.
Glucose Metabolism in 105 Children and Adolescents After Pancreatectomy for Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Jacques Beltrand, Marylène Caquard, Jean-Baptiste Arnoux, Kathleen Laborde, Gilberto Velho, Virginie Verkarre, Jacques Rahier, Francis Brunelle, Claire Nihoul-Fékété, Jean-Marie Saudubray, Jean-Jacques Robert, Pascale de Lonlay
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To describe the long-term metabolic outcome of children with congenital hyperinsulinism after near-total or partial elective pancreatectomy.Patients (n = 105: 58 diffuse and 47 focal congenital hyperinsulinism) received operations between 1984 and 2006. Follow-up consisted of periodic measurements of pre- and postprandial plasma glucose over 24 h, OGTT, and IVGTT. Cumulative incidence of hypo- or hyperglycemia/insulin treatment was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.After near-total pancreatectomy, 59% of children with diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism still presented mild or asymptomatic hypoglycemia that responded to medical treatments and disappeared within 5 years. One-third of the patients had both preprandial hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia was found in 53% of the patients immediately after surgery; its incidence increased regularly to 100% at 13 years. The cumulative incidence of insulin-treated patients was 42% at 8 years and reached 91% at 14 years, but the progression to insulin dependence was very variable among the patients. Plasma insulin responses to IVGTT and OGTT correlated well with glycemic alterations. In focal congenital hyperinsulinism, hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia were rare, mild, and transient.Patients with focal congenital hyperinsulinism are cured of hypoglycemia after limited surgery, while the outcome of diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism is very variable after near-total pancreatectomy. The incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes is very high in early adolescence.
The use of ASCs engineered to express BMP2 or TGF-β3 within scaffold constructs to promote calvarial bone repair
Authors: Chin-Yu Lin, Yu-Han Chang, Kuei-Chang Li, Chia-Hsin Lu, Li-Yu Sung, Chia-Lin Yeh, Kun-Ju Lin, Shiu-Feng Huang, Tzu-Chen Yen, Yu-Chen Hu
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Adult-to-Adult Transplantation of the Right Hepatic Lobe from a Living Donor
Authors: James F. Trotter, Michael Wachs, Gregory T. Everson, Igal Kam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The number of patients needing liver transplantation greatly exceeds the number of organs that can be obtained from cadavers. Living-donor liver transplantation has therefore received increasing attention. A total of 509 such procedures were performed in 2001. The procedure involves the transplantation of the right hepatic lobe of the donor into the recipient after the removal of the entire diseased liver. In coming years, the role of this procedure will be determined by weighing the risk to donors against the improvement in outcome for recipients.