tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lupus Erythematosus Cells in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: N. R. Rowell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

The lupus erythematosus cell (L.E.cell) pheno- menon is usually regarded, if properly interpreted, as being almost specific for systemic lupus erythe- matosus (Wilkinson and Sacker, 1957).On the other hand, too rigid an outlook may lead to diagnostic errors or retard progress in the under- standing of other diseases.Careful repeated examination of the blood of patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis may reveal the presence of L.E. cells in as many as 27 per cent. of cases (Black, Goldin, Poske, and Malmed, 1960), although most authors report a lower incidence.Dubois (1960) goes so far as to state that systemic lupus erythematosus is a malignant variant of rheumatoid arthritis.Treatment with steroids may increase the incidence of L.E. cells in rheuma- toid arthritis (Ishmael, 1955) and L.E. cells have also been found after cortisone withdrawal (Slocumb, 1953).Ogryzlo (1953) reported the presence of L.E. cells in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis with visceral involvement, so-called "diffuse systemic rheumatoid disease", and Heaton (1959) found L.E. cells in ten out of 28 patients with Sjogren's syndrome.Lupus erythematosus cells copyright.
No proof that BCG protects against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Richard Turner, Conor Tweed, Graham Bothamley
Journal: BMJ (2014)

BCG protects against primary tuberculosis, but evidence for protection against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains controversial. Roy and colleagues merely showed that previous BCG vaccination is associated with a reduced frequency of positive interferon γ release assay (IGRA) results in children recently exposed to M tuberculosis .1

A positive IGRA response indicates a previous interaction with M tuberculosis sufficient to lead to …
Haemophilus influenzae From the Middle Ear of an Adult With Acute Otitis Media
Authors: James P. Dudley
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ALTHOUGH acute otitis media is the third most common illness seen by pediatricians,<sup>1</sup>its occurrence in adults is less frequent. Despite an<i>NDTI (National Disease and Therapeutic Index)</i>survey that found that there are almost 4 million visits by adults yearly to private physicians for this infection,<sup>2</sup>there is an absence of reports on acute otitis media in adults. The microbial flora of acute otitis media in children has been studied by numerous investigators.<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>has been cultured from the middle ear in as many as 50% of the cases of acute otitis media, while<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>has been cultured in as many as 27% of cases.<sup>3</sup>Despite the reported high carriage rates of<i>H influenzae</i>in the nose, nasopharynx, and oropharynx of healthy adults,<sup>4</sup>the incidence of<i>H</i><i>influenzae</i>isolation from the middle ears of adults with acute otitis media is unknown. Although Schwartz
On PERFORATION of the MASTOID PROCESS in CASES of ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA due to INFLUENZA
Authors: A. Politzer
Journal: BMJ (1892)

care, gave charts of the temperature in each case, and a daily record of their progress to recovery.I regret that pressure on the space of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL prevents me publishingall the cases in full or inserting the charts.In all e treated successfully eight cases, and of three of these I shall now give his report.CASEI.-A.McW., aged 15), admitted January 2nd.1892.History: Illness began 14 days ago with headache, shivering, aud diarrhema, no abdominal pain.He hadbeen conflned to bed for 8 days.Temperature on admis- sion 102.80 F. Notes on admission: Patient was quite intelligent and did not complain of any pain, abdomen somewhat distended, no tender- ness over the right iliac region, but slight pain caused by palpating the spleen.Some rose spots observed on abdomen and back.The spleen did not project below the costal arch.The area of dulness extended from the seventh to the eleventh ribs and increased forwards; a sense of resistance was felt on palpating underneath the ribs.Tongue was dry, glazed, and slightly brown in the centre.Heart sounds pure but weak.Urine showed a faint trace of albumen.Carbolic acid pill (11 grain) four times a day.Januarys5th.Bowels have moved twice since admission, motions not characteristic.He had some difficulty in swallowing carbolic pills and to-day was inclined to be sick after taking one.Temperature remits well In morning.January 8tlh Doing well.Morning temperature is now 990 F., but even- ingtemperature is still keeping up.Tongue bare and glazed.No abdo- minal pain or distension.Bowels are row inclined to be loose.Two motions in the last 24 hours.Pulse 84.Urine very slightly albuminous.He now took the pills more easily.Jinuary 12th.Temperature normal for two evenings.February 21st Dismissed well.
CQC produces guidance on using hidden cameras to identify abuse
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Hidden cameras or recording equipment can be used in certain circumstances if families are concerned about poor care or abuse of people under care, new guidance from England’s Care Quality Commission says.1 However, anyone considering this step should think how it may intrude on other people’s privacy, including other people who use the service, staff, families, and visiting professionals.

The advice for families, carers, and those who use healthcare and adult social care services has been published after a number of high profile …
Inotropic Effects of Electric Currents
Authors: EARL H. WOOD, RICHARD L. HEPPNER, SILVIO WEIDMANN
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

I. Tension was recorded from a segment of a thin bundle of calf or sheep ventricular fibers in which the membrane potential could be changed electrically, using a sucrose-gap technique. After reversal of membrane potential and consequent contracture for 2 to 3 seconds, a positive inotropic effect 2 to 12 times that which occurred during paired-pulse stimulation was obtained. The decay of this potentiated state was slow in resting preparations (average half-life, 95 seconds), but was determined by the number of beats in driven preparations (about eight beats to return to control amplitude). Lengthening consecutive action potentials by subthreshold constant depolarizing currents or 5-mv shifts in the membrane potential by 50-msec current pulses during the plateau phase of successive action potentials caused positive inotropic effects, attaining a steady state in about eight beats. Reversing the polarity of such currents (hyperpolarization) caused negative inotropic effects with the same phase dependency as for depolarizing currents. These negative inotropic effects attained a steady state in six to eight beats. The first action potential after cessation of these currents was close to normal, whereas return to control tension required six to eight beats. The half-life of decay of these negative inotropic states at rest was similar to that of positive inotropic states. Decay of inotropic states in contracting preparations was phase dependent, occurring only during the rapid depolarization and plateau phases of the action potential. II. These and other strength-interval effects on cardiac contractility in a constant chemical and physical environment are consistent with two hypotheses. (1) The presystolic level of intracellular calcium bound to specific (rapid release) sites on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the inner surfaces of the sarcolemma and T tubules, is a major determinant of the level of [Ca 2+ ] 1 attained during the initial phase of an action potential and hence the tension developed by mammalian cardiac muscle (that is, its inotropic state) at that particular instant. (2) The amount of intracellular calcium present at these sites at any instant after an action potential (that is, the moment-to-moment inotropic state of the muscle) is predetermined in the inverse direction of the intersystolic intervals of prior systoles and in the positive direction by the duration and magnitude of the plateau phases of prior action potentials and (for rest periods as long as 10 seconds) the elapsed time, in an exponentially decreasing fashion, since termination of the last absolute refractory period.
Cyclic nucleotides as regulators of light-adaptation in photoreceptors
Authors: Barry M. Willardson, Tatsuro Yoshida, Mark W. Bitensky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Cyclic nucleotides can regulate the sensitivity of retinal rods to light through phosducin. The phosphorylation state of phosducin determines the amount of G available for activation by Rho*. Phosducin phosphorylation is regulated by cyclic nucleotides through their activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The regulation of phosphodiesterase activity by the noncatalytic cGMP binding sites as well as Ca 2+ /calmodulin dependent regulation of cGMP binding to the cation channel are also discussed.
Book Review Biopsy Interpretation of Lymph Nodes (Biopsy Interpretation Series.) By Steven H. Swerdlow. 401 pp., illustrated. New York, Raven Press, 1992. $88. ISBN 0–88167–840–6 . Thymus, Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Lymphatics (Systemic Pathology. Third edition. Vol. 7.) Edited by K. Henry and W. St. C. Symmers. 1042 pp., illustrated. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1992. $275. ISBN 0–443–03429-X .
Authors: Ronald A. DeLellis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Abstract 97: <i>In silico</i> computational modeling and virtual screening of novel noscapinoid library as potent microtubule interacting anticancer drugs
Authors: Pradeep K. Naik, Ritu Aneja, Surya Vangapandu, Seneha Santoshi, Harish C. Joshi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tubulin remains a persistent and promising target for anti-cancer therapy. This is well validated by the already approved clinically used drug classes such as taxoids and vincas. We have previously discovered a new class of anti-microtubule (MT) drugs, noscapinoids. The lead compound, noscapine, is an orally available anti-cough plant alkaloid that binds tubulin and makes MTs less dynamic. Using computational algorithms such as Glide Extra Precision, Quantum Polarized Ligand Docking (QPLD), Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GB/SA), EmBrace and Solvation Generalized Born-Linear Interaction Energy (SGB-LIE), we have generated molecular models of noscapine-tubulin complex. Furthermore, based upon structure-function analyses of noscapine, we have identified a key residue on the isoquinoline ring of noscapine that can be modified without losing its biological activity. We report a library of novel derivatives, based upon combinatorial in silico approaches that can be chemically synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo in animal models of human tumor xenografts in immune compromised mice. The prototype analogs synthesized so far have non-toxic to normally dividing healthy tissues but pro-apoptotic in a wide variety of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Some of these prototypes have shown already that these approaches can generate compounds more effective than the lead compound. Unlike currently available clinical anticancer MT-drugs, noscapine and its derivatives are orally available, and display no toxicities such as myelosuppression and immunosuppression, peripheral neuropathies, or pathology of gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, noscapine readily crosses the blood brain barrier. The in silico libraries generated here promise to be even more effective. Additionally, because the mechanisms by which different anti-MT drugs induce apoptosis can vary widely in both, the same cell lineage as well as in distinct lineages, there is a tremendous opportunity for a better therapeutic outcome by combining noscapinoids with already approved MT-drugs in a cancer type specific manner. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 97.
Macular translocation in patients with recurrent subfoveal choroidal neovascularization after laser photocoagulation for nonsubfoveal choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Eugene W.M. Ng, Gildo Y. Fujii, Kah-Guan Au Eong, Sandra M. Reynolds, B.Michelle Melia, Anthony C. Kouzis, Mark S. Humayun, Eugene de Juan, Dante J. Pieramici
Journal: Ophthalmology (2004)
Behaviour of Crohn's disease according to the Vienna classification: changing pattern over the course of the disease
Authors: E Louis
Journal: Gut (2001)

Crohn's disease is a heterogeneous disorder with both a genetic and environmental aetiology. Clinical classifications of the disease, such as the newly proposed Vienna classification, may help to define subgroups of patients suitable for studying the influence of specific genetic or environmental factors.To assess the stability over the course of the disease of its location and behaviour, as determined according to the Vienna classification.The notes of 297 Crohn's disease patients regularly followed up at our institution were carefully reviewed retrospectively. The behaviour and location of the disease according to the Vienna classification were determined at diagnosis and after 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years of follow up. The proportions of the different behaviours and locations of the disease were calculated at these time points. A statistical analysis of the evolution of these characteristics over 10 years was performed on a subgroup of 125 patients with at least 10 years of follow up. The influence of age at diagnosis on location and behaviour of the disease was assessed as well as the influence of location on the behaviour of the disease.The location of the disease remained relatively stable over the course of the disease. Although the proportion of patients who had a change in disease location became statistically significant after five years (p=0.01), over 10 years only 15.9% of patients had a change in location (p<0.001). We observed a more rapid and prominent change in disease behaviour, which was already statistically significant after one year (p=0.04). Over 10 years, 45.9% of patients had a change in disease behaviour (p<0.0001). The most prominent change was from non-stricturing non-penetrating disease to either stricturing (27.1%; p<0.0001) or penetrating (29.4%; p<0.0001) disease. Age at diagnosis had no influence on either location or behaviour of disease. Ileal Crohn's disease was more often stricturing, and colonic or ileocolonic Crohn's disease was more often penetrating: this was already the case at diagnosis and became more prominent after 10 years (p<0.05).Location of Crohn's disease, as defined by the Vienna classification, is a relatively stable phenotype which seems suitable for phenotype-genotype analyses. Behaviour of Crohn's disease according to the Vienna classification varies dramatically over the course of the disease and cannot be used in phenotype-genotype analyses. The potential influence of genes on the behaviour of Crohn's disease should be studied in subgroups of patients defined by their disease behaviour after a fixed duration of disease.
Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: An Illustrative Case for Control of Diabetes and Hormonal Normalization with Dietary Management
Authors: Virginia K Lawson, Ruth T Young, Abbas E Kitabchi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

The efficacy of diet therapy used for one patient with the newly classified maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is reported. Using the conventional American Diabetes Association's food exchange system with appropriate caloric restriction, the patient's weight was reduced from 25% to 6% above ideal body weight in the 14-wk study. Results of three meal tolerance tests compared with a group of lean, normal subjects revealed a steady improvement from baseline and postprandial hyperglycemia, with concomitant normalization of the counterregulatory hormones as well as hemoglobin A1, free fatty acids, and subsequent euglycemia. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of dietary manipulation as the major therapy in MODY with obesity.
TCT-483 Impact of HbA1c Levels on Residual Platelet Reactivity and Outcomes after Coronary Drug-Eluting Stents: The ADAPT-DES study
Authors: Mikkel Schoos, Roxana Mehran, Ajay J. Kirtane, Jennifer Yu, Ke Xu, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Michael Rinaldi, Franz-Josef Neumann, D. Christopher Metzger, Timothy D. Henry, David Cox, Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Akiko Maehara, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Inborn Errors of Morphogenesis
Authors: Lewis B. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

TWO per cent of new born infants have a serious malformation.1 2 3 Malformations are the most common cause for hospitalization of children in North America.4 , 5 The two categories customarily used for classification are multiple malformations and a single isolated or localized malformation. Of the categories the single, localized, major malformations are the most common.The best known cause of localized malformations is multifactorial inheritance, which is attributed to the additive effect of several minor gene abnormalities and environmental factors.6 This is the basis for many common malformations, such as cardiac anomalies, cleft lip and palate and clubfoot deformity. This review focuses . . .
Medicine is our vocation
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Of benchmarking (and bashing) of healthcare systems It is rather an uncanny coincidence that at the same time that the BMJ reports the latest Euro Health Consumer Index, as produced by the Swedish think tank Health Consumer Powerhouse in the news section, Des Spence, in his regular commentary takes head-on the (so-called) attack of right-leaning papers on the NHS and medical profession. 1 In the Euro Health Consumer Index of 2012, the United Kingdom (i.e.NHS) ranks 12, an improvement over its previous rank of 14 in 2009.Whereas the UK still lags behind the (back-to-back) leaders, the Netherlands, Denmark and Iceland, it is now ahead of Germany and is faring well against Austria, which like Germany in previous rankings placed ahead of the UK.
Absorption of iron by gastrectomized rats
Authors: J. S. W. Whitehead, R. M. Bannerman
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Iron-deficiency anaemia develops after total gastrectomy in rats and responds well to iron given orally or by intramuscular injection.From these studies with 59Fe-tagged in- organic iron it is concluded that the anaemia is due to a quantitative defect in iron absorption while iron excretion is continuing at a normal or possibly at an increased rate.on August 20,
Sword of Pestilence: The New Orleans Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1853
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Today, when yellow fever is under control, we do not think of the devastation which it might wreak on a community. In 1853 a frightful epidemic attacked New Orleans, and the story of this attack, its gradual invasion, rapid progress, and slow ebbing away, constitutes the theme of this latest work by historian John Duffy. What does an epidemic do to a city? How does the community try to cope with pestilence? The answer will involve many different aspects —medical, social, political, economic, and religious. Duffy, relying on primary sources—predominatly newspaper accounts, contemporary medical journals, and archival material—builds up a graphic picture of the way a city met the challenge. It took a long time for authorities in New Orleans to admit that an epidemic existed. A few sporadic cases, although unpleasant to contemplate, nevertheless would not cause panic, nor interrupt business activity, nor seriously concern the politicians. But as
Transparency is key to rationing debate, delegates told
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2003)

“Rationing should be made explicit, and arguments for any scheme made public,” Professor Joe Collier of St George's Hospital and Medical School, London, told an audience at a conference on rationing and the NHS held this week by the Drugs and Therapeutics Bulletin .

“The notion of keeping this from society is no longer tenable,” added Professor Collier, who is editor of the bulletin. He called for rationing to become more explicit and for policy decisions at any level of care to be rooted in a sound scientific and ideological basis. “Details should be defensible in courts and understandable by prescribers and, through them, by patients … These ideals are clearly not being met at the present time,” he said.

Professor Ian Rees Jones from St …
In vivo acceleration of heart relaxation performance by parvalbumin gene delivery
Authors: Michael L. Szatkowski, Margaret V. Westfall, Carlen A. Gomez, Philip A. Wahr, Daniel E. Michele, Christiana DelloRusso, Immanuel I. Turner, Katie E. Hong, Faris P. Albayya, Joseph M. Metzger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Defective cardiac muscle relaxation plays a causal role in heart failure. Shown here is the new in vivo application of parvalbumin, a calcium-binding protein that facilitates ultrafast relaxation of specialized skeletal muscles. Parvalbumin is not naturally expressed in the heart. We show that parvalbumin gene transfer to the heart in vivo produces levels of parvalbumin characteristic of fast skeletal muscles, causes a physiologically relevant acceleration of heart relaxation performance in normal hearts, and enhances relaxation performance in an animal model of slowed cardiac muscle relaxation. Parvalbumin may offer the unique potential to correct defective relaxation in energetically compromised failing hearts because the relaxation-enhancement effect of parvalbumin arises from an ATP-independent mechanism. Additionally, parvalbumin gene transfer may provide a new therapeutic approach to correct cellular disturbances in calcium signaling pathways that cause abnormal growth or damage in the heart or other organs.
Endoglin (CD105): A Marker of Tumor Vasculature and Potential Target for Therapy
Authors: Nikolaos A. Dallas, Shaija Samuel, Ling Xia, Fan Fan, Michael J. Gray, Sherry J. Lim, Lee M. Ellis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Endoglin (CD105) is an accessory protein of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor system expressed on vascular endothelial cells. Mutation of the endoglin gene is associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias, or Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, and has been studied extensively in the context of this disease. The expression of endoglin is elevated on the endothelial cells of healing wounds, developing embryos, inflammatory tissues, and solid tumors. Endoglin is a marker of activated endothelium, and its vascular expression is limited to proliferating cells. Recent studies identified endoglin expression in several solid tumor types, with the level of expression correlating with various clinicopathologic factors including decreased survival and presence of metastases. Attempts to target endoglin and the cells that express this protein in tumor-bearing mice have yielded promising results.
Superoxide Radical and the Bactericidal Action of Phagocytes
Authors: Irwin Fridovich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

When molecular oxygen is reduced, it tends to gain a single electron and thus to form the Superoxide radical. As a consequence, the Superoxide radical is a common intermediate in numerous biologic oxidations. Its unrestrained reactivities and those of the other radical species it can engender would certainly damage the molecular fabric of life. Consequently, respiring cells must have some defense against the Superoxide radical. This appears to be provided by enzymes that catalytically scavenge the radical by the reaction: These enzymes, which are called Superoxide dismutases, have been shown to protect micro-organisms against the toxicity of oxygen.1 , 2 Given the . . .