tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
a controversy too far?
Authors: Paul Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The use of antidepressants in depressed children (here referring to both children and adolescents) is controversial. Timimi takes this issue further by questioning the validity of the diagnosis of depression in childhood.1 Here the author is out of step with what is known.

Epidemiological studies using reliable psychiatric methods have established beyond doubt that the full range of depressive symptoms are present in representative samples of children. It is true that there is a spectrum of depressive disorders, with an arbitrary cut-off point of five symptoms for the diagnosis of unipolar major depression in DSM-IV and …
The Toxicity of Intravenously Used Marihuana
Authors: Ronald J. Payne
Journal: JAMA (1975)

While no unanimity of opinion exists regarding the risk to physical health from smoking marihuana, we have seen four cases that demonstrate clearly that intravenous usage is hazardous. The severity of the multisystemic involvement is dose-related. On initial examination, signs of most severe overdosage included fulminant gastroenteritis, hypoalbuminemia, toxic hepatitis confirmed by serial biopsy, acute renal failure, electrolyte disturbances, leukocytosis, anemia, and a relative thrombocytopenia. In three patients who shared a common needle, gingivostomatitis also developed. (<i>JAMA</i>233:351-354, 1975)
PR coup for herbal cancer drug
Authors: Naomi Marks
Journal: BMJ (2004)

M any an oncologist must have been spluttering on their cornflakes while perusing the Daily Telegraph last week. Indeed, any doctor with a passing interest in scientific rigour might have wondered why the country's biggest selling and generally level headed broadsheet had devoted nearly the whole of a news page to an alleged miracle cure for cancer.

Headlined “I've seen herbal remedy make tumours disappear, says respected cancer doctor,” the piece gave extraordinary coverage to Dr Rosy Daniel's belief in the efficacy of Carctol, an Indian herbal preparation, and was accompanied by testimonies from Carctol's “walking miracles.” It was written by the paper's medical editor, Celia Hall.

Dr Daniel is a former medical director of the Bristol Cancer Help Centre and an integrated medicine specialist of some repute. She is newsworthy in her own right. Still, for a newspaper to give such prominence to the claims of an alternative health product yet to undergo clinical trials is an unusual editorial step.

Receiving it, however, is a “gift” of which …
The influence of side group modification in polyphosphazenes on hydrolysis and cell adhesion of blends with PLGA
Authors: Nicholas R. Krogman, Arlin L. Weikel, Katherine A. Kristhart, Syam P. Nukavarapu, Meng Deng, Lakshmi S. Nair, Cato T. Laurencin, Harry R. Allcock
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
SENSORY NEURON DEGENERATION IN VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
Authors: Maxwell M. Wintrobe, David M. Mitchell, Lawrence C. Kolb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Young pigs were given an artificial diet presumably adequate in all respects. As they developed, the quantity of yeast was gradually reduced while thiamin (vitamin B1) and riboflavin were given in its place. The rate of growth decreased, the general condition of the animals became impaired, and marked ataxia without motor weakness developed. Histologically, severe degeneration of the posterior columns of the spinal cord, the dorsal root ganglion cells, and the peripheral nerves was found.
Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia and Insulin Resistance in Normoglycemic First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mette Axelsen, Ulf Smith, Jan W. Eriksson, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Per-Anders Jansson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Impaired ability to eliminate lipids in the postprandial state is an atherogenic trait associated with insulin resistance. Objective: To assess insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceride metabolism in prediabetic persons. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Participants: 13 healthy, normotriglyceridemic men with two first-degree relatives with type 2 diabetes and 13 carefully matched controls without known diabetes heredity. Measurements: Oral glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp technique), and fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels after a mixed meal. Results: Relatives of persons with type 2 diabetes were insulin resistant but had normal glucose tolerance. They exhibited postprandial hypertriglyceridemia; the 6-hour triglyceride incremental area under the curve was 50% higher than that of the control group (P = 0.037). Conclusions: These healthy male first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes are insulin resistant and exhibit postprandial lipid intolerance despite having normal fasting triglyceride levels. These characteristics, which occur in the absence of glucose intolerance, are associated with an increased risk for macroangiopathy.
Size and shape of enzymatically isolated ventricular myocytes from rats and cardiomyopathic hamsters
Authors: A. L SORENSON, D. TEPPER, E. H SONNENBLICK, T. F ROBINSON, J. M CAPASSO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Rod-shaped and branched ventricular myocytes from rats and cardiomyopathic hamsters (strain 53.58) were isolated enzymatically, and their widths and lengths were measured in physiological salt solutions containing normal levels of calcium (2.5 mmol). In rats of approximately 200 g body weight, the average myocyte width and length are 25μm and 115μm. The isolated cells are also classified according to shape with nearly 50% branched or otherwise irregular. Myocytes of the hearts of the 53.58 strain of cardiomyopathic hamsters at 7 months of age are significantly larger than control hamsters of the same age, indicating that cellular hypertrophy has occurred. Estimates of the number of cells in the ventricles indicate that there is a cell loss of nearly 13% in the myopathic heart. A consideration of the significance of wider and longer myocytes with undiminished myofibrillar mass lead to the conclusion that the decreased contractility displayed by the cardiomyopathic hamster heart must be due, at least in part, to functional defects in the myofibrillar apparatus, in the system of activation, or in cellular integration.
Eugenic Sterilization and a Nazi Analogy
Authors: Jay A. Nathanson, Michael A. Grodin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters20 June 2000Eugenic Sterilization and a Nazi AnalogyJay A. Nathanson, MD and Michael A. Grodin, MDJay A. Nathanson, MDBoston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health; Boston, MA 02118-2526 (Nathanson)Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health; Boston, MA 02118-2526 (Grodin)Search for more papers by this author and Michael A. Grodin, MDBoston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health; Boston, MA 02118-2526 (Nathanson)Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health; Boston, MA 02118-2526 (Grodin)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-12-200006200-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent article by Sofair and Kaldjian (1) serves as an important reminder of the U.S. experience with forced eugenic sterilization programs. We believe it is important to mention the role that psychiatrists played in those programs.The authors state that their review of the American Journal of Psychiatry revealed no editorials on the topic of euthanasia. In our review of the entire contents of the Journal between 1930 and 1948, we found two editorials and a presidential address that discuss euthanasia. The presidential address, published in the July 1931 issue of the Journal(2) and titled “The ...References1. Sofair AN, Kaldjian LC. Eugenic sterilization and a qualified Nazi analogy: the United States and Germany, 1930–1945. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:312-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. English WM. The feeble-minded problem. Am J Psychiatry. 1931;88:1-8. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Kennedy F. The problem of social control of the congenital defective: education, sterilization, euthanasia. Am J Psychiatry. 1942;99:13-6. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. Euthanasia [Editorial]. Am J Psychiatry. 1942; 99:141-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health; Boston, MA 02118-2526 (Nathanson)Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health; Boston, MA 02118-2526 (Grodin) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEugenic Sterilization and a Qualified Nazi Analogy: The United States and Germany, 1930-1945 André N. Sofair and Lauris C. Kaldjian Metrics Cited ByVisite du camp d’extermination d’Auschwitz-Birkenau : quelles leçons pour les étudiants en médecine ? 20 June 2000Volume 132, Issue 12Page: 1008KeywordsChildrenEuthanasia Issue Published: 20 June 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Extracellular ATP, intracellular calcium and canalicular contraction in rat hepatocyte doublets
Authors: Tsuneo Kitamura, Ulrike Brauneis, Zenaida Gatmaitan, Irwin M. Arias
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Bile-canaliculus contraction in rat hepatocyte doublets is postulated to involve activation of an actinmyosin system. We examined this hypothesis by determining the relationship between canalicular contraction and cystolic free Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) concentration after extracellular addition of ATP or microdialysis of myosin light chain kinase or its Ca 2+ -independent fragment, which retains catalytic activity. After incubation of doublets with 200 μmol/L ATP in the absence of extracellular Ca 2+ , [Ca 2+ ] i peaked at 40 sec and 71% of canaliculi contracted within 4 min. Decreasing effects were observed with equimolar ADP, AMP and nonhydrolyzable ATP, but no effect was observed with adenosine. The effect of extracellular ATP on [Ca 2+ ] i and canalicular contraction was dose dependent. Addition of extracellular Ca 2+ and ATP resulted in a plateau level of [Ca 2+ ] i . Cytochalasin D, which depolymerizes actin filaments, inhibited ATP-induced canalicular contraction, but not the increase in [Ca 2+ Microdialysis of myosin light chain kinase and its Ca 2+ -independent fragment (but not the heatdenatured fragment, albumin, trypsin plus soybean inhibitor or buffer) into one hepatocyte of a doublet resulted in canalicular contraction in 86% of doublets. Injection of myosin light chain kinase or its Ca 2+ -independent fragment did not increase [Ca 2+ ] i within 5 min. These results indicate that (a) the basolateral plasma membrane of hepatocytes has a P 2Y -class purinoceptor, (b) increased [Ca 2+ ] i after incubation with ATP is initially due to mobilization from internal sites and (c) canalicular contraction is directly related to [Ca 2+ ] i and activation of an actin-myosin system. The physiological role of extracellular ATP in canalicular contraction is uncertain. (Hepatology 1991;14:640-647.)
Gastric accommodation in non-ulcer dyspepsia and the roles of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and vagal function
Authors: M Thumshirn, M Camilleri, S B Saslow, D E Williams, D D Burton, R B Hanson
Journal: Gut (1999)

Background The pathophysiological mechanisms in non-ulcer dyspepsia are incompletely understood. Aims To compare gastric motor and sensory functions in Helicobacter pylori positive or negative patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Patients Seventeen patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and 16 asymptomatic controls. Methods The following were evaluated: gastrointestinal symptoms; gastric emptying and orocaecal transit of solids; abdominal vagal function; gastric compliance; fasting and postprandial gastric tone and phasic contractions; symptoms during ingestion of cold water and during the distension of an intragastric bag; and somatic sensitivity and personality profile (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI). Results Gastric accommodation was reduced in H pylori negative dyspeptics relative to controls; the degree of accommodation was unrelated to H pylori status in dyspeptics. Increased postprandial gastric sensation was more frequent among H pylori positive patients (4/5 H pylori positive versus 4/12 H pylori negative patients). Intragastric meal distribution and orocaecal transit were normal; gastric emptying at four hours was abnormal in 4/17 patients. Vagal dysfunction was rare. Eight of 17 patients had somatisation or depression on MMPI. Conclusion Impaired gastric accommodation is frequent in non-ulcer dyspepsia and seems to be unrelated to vagal efferent dysfunction. H pylori infection does not seem to influence gastric accommodation, but is associated with heightened sensitivity in dyspeptics. Therapeutic approaches that restore normal postprandial accommodation and gastric sensitivity should be tested in non-ulcer dyspepsia.
Albumin absorption and protein secretion by the gallbladder in man and in the pig†
Authors: Julius L. Toth, Robert P. C. Harvey, Aravinda G. Upadyha, Steven M. Strasberg
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

To study albumin absorption by the gallbladder in man, an in vitro model was first established in the pig and compared with in vivo function in the same species. Water and electrolyte transport and 125I-albumin absorption and protein secretion in vivo and in vitro were compared. Then similar in vitro studies were performed on human gallbladders obtained at surgery. The in vivo study in the pig was performed without disturbing the gallbladder except to tie a cannula in the cystic duct end. The in vitro model was identical in the pig and human gallbladders. Gallbladders were excised using a technique causing minimal injury and anoxia. They were oxygenated on both mucosal and serosal surfaces in a temperature-controlled environment. Luminal and external bath test solutions consisted of modified Ringers bicarbonate with added glucose; luminal solutions also contained 125I-albumin from different species, depending on the study. Active absorption of sodium and water occurred in both types of studies in the pig but in vivo absorption rates were considerably greater than in vitro rates. Albumin absorption in vivo was substantial; although present in vitro, the absorption of albumin was diminished relatively more than electrolyte transport rates. Protein secretion rates into the gallbladder were similar in vitro and in vivo. The results of studies in the human gallbladders in vitro were similar to the pig, except albumin absorption was greater. Some human gallbladders were obtained from control patients and some from patients with cholesterol gallstones. There were no significant differences between the two groups for any of the variables studied; however, the numbers were small and some control gallbladders were not normal gallbladders.
The use of SIMS, XPS and in situ AFM to probe the acid catalysed hydrolysis of poly(orthoesters)
Authors: S.R. Leadley, K.M. Shakesheff, M.C. Davies, J. Heller, N.M. Franson, A.J. Paul, A.M. Brown, J.F. Watts
Journal: Biomaterials (1998)
Sex and sin
Authors: D. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Background</h3> Malaria is a great health burden in Nigeria. Since 2010, the World Health Organization issued guidelines that call for a shift from presumptive to test-based treatment. However, test-based treatment is still unpopular in community pharmacies in Nigeria. This could be due to unwillingness of customers to spend more for a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). It could also result from lack of interest from community pharmacy practitioners since they may perceive that there is no financial gain attached to the service. This study assessed the costs and benefits of test-based malaria treatment for the community pharmacy practitioner. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was a community pharmacy-based cross sectional survey. Potential benefit of RDT test to the practitioner was determined using customers9 willingness-to-pay (WTP) for this service. Average WTP was estimated using contingent valuation. Binary logistic regression was used to assess correlates of WTP. Costs associated with provision of RDT test were estimated. Costing was based on the provider9s perspective. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis through Monte Carlo simulation was used to capture parameter uncertainty. The Benefit-cost ratio was calculated to determine study objective. <h3>Results</h3> Average WTP was $1.23 (95% CI: $1.03–$1.44). Educated customers were 1.8 more likely to prefer RDT test before taking malaria treatment. Customers that understood RDT as described in the fact sheet were 18.3 times more likely to prefer RDT test before malaria treatment. The predictive capacity of the model was 18.1%. Average cost [min – max] of the RDT test kit and the pharmacist9s time spent for the test was 0.15 [0.13–0.17] and 0.41 [0.18–0.52], respectively. The benefit-cost ration of test-based malaria treatment was 6.7 (95% CI: 6.4–7.0). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Test-based malaria treatment is cost-beneficial for pharmacy practitioners. Return on invested time was approximately 7 times. This finding should be capitalised upon to increase community pharmacy practitioners9 interest and uptake of test-based malaria treatment.
PLEURITIC EFFUSION TREATED WITH ADRENALIN BY THE PRELIMINARY INTRASEROUS INJECTION METHOD
Authors: W. Ewart, F. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1906)

ADRENALN MIDLALA~JOUBXAL 973 successive lactations, systematic series unfortunately are by no means plentiful.Personally, I am unable to record my results owing to errors having occurred in the duration of the period of rest prior to the withdrawal of the milk.By very many
Electrophysiologic testing in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death. I. nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and abnormal ventricular function
Authors: Scott R. Spielman, Allan M. Greenspan, Harold R. Kay, Kathy F. Discigil, Charles R. Webb, Neil M. Sokoloff, Alan P. Rae, Joel Morganroth, Leonard N. Horowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Association Between Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity and Nonvisual Disabilities at Age 5 Years
Authors: Barbara Schmidt, Peter G. Davis, Elizabeth V. Asztalos, Alfonso Solimano, Robin S. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Severe retinopathy of prematurity is a serious complication of neonatal intensive care for preterm infants.1,2 Before effective screening and treatment became available, approximately 5% of infants with birth weights of 1250 g or less had visual acuity of 20/200 or worse at 5.5 years.3 In such children, the severity of retinopathy was a predictor of functional disability in multiple domains.1 Although the incidence of severe retinopathy has increased since the late 1980s,4 blindness caused by retinopathy has become rare in developed countries.5 Consequently, clinicians and parents may conclude that severe retinopathy is no longer associated with childhood impairments. We investigated whether infants with severe retinopathy who were diagnosed and treated under modern protocols retain an increased risk of nonvisual disabilities compared with those without severe retinopathy.
Reticulate hyperpigmentation distributed in a zosteriform fashion: a new clinical type of hyperpigmentation
Authors: S. IIJIMA, Y. NAITO, S. NAITO, K. UYENO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Reticulate hyperpigmentation distributed in a zosteriform fashion: a new clinical type of hyperpigmentation Get access S. IIJIMA, S. IIJIMA Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan Shigeruko Iijima, Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1‐1‐1, Sakura‐mura, Niihari‐gun, Iharaki, 305, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. NAITO, Y. NAITO Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. NAITO, S. NAITO Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. UYENO K. UYENO Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 4, 1 October 1987, Pages 503–510, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04931.x Published: 01 October 1987
Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with NKG2D polymorphisms
Authors: Espen Melum, Tom H. Karlsen, Erik Schrumpf, Annika Bergquist, Erik Thorsby, Kirsten M. Boberg, Benedicte A. Lie
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is often complicated by the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Genetic variation of natural killer cell receptor G2D (NKG2D) has been associated with cancer susceptibility. An important ligand for NKG2D, major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related molecule A (MICA), serves as a marker of cellular stress. The 5.1 allele of the gene encoding MICA has been associated with PSC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of genetic variations in the NKG2D-MICA receptor-ligand pair on the risk of CCA in patients with PSC. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the NKG2D gene were genotyped in 365 Scandinavian PSC patients and 368 healthy controls with TaqMan technology. Genotype data on the MICA 5.1 variant were available from previous studies. Forty-nine of the PSC patients (13.6%) had developed CCA at the time of study. Two of the NKG2D SNPs were associated with an increased risk of CCA: rs11053781 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31-3.29, corrected P ( P c) = 0.011] and rs2617167 (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.47-3.66, P c = 0.0020). Carriership of the MICA 5.1 allele was associated with resistance against CCA (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.20-0.95, not corrected P = 0.032). Conclusion: Our results show that genetic variants of the NKG2D receptor are associated with development of CCA in PSC patients. This suggests that interaction between NKG2D and MICA is involved in protection against CCA in PSC. Patients who are homozygous for the nonrisk alleles are unlikely to develop CCA; this finding could be helpful in identifying PSC patients with a low CCA risk. (Hepatology 2007.)
Yersinia-induced arthritis and Reiter's syndrome.
Authors: D K Ford
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Arthritis following yersinia infection has been well documented since the first descriptions from Scandinavia in 1969 of the relationship between the two conditions.The association of erythema nodosum in some cases and of the clinical manifestations of Reiter's syndrome (RS) in others is also well recorded.
Report on Oral Polio Vaccines
Authors: Donald A. Henderson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  In your issue of Oct 5, 1964 (Vol 190), you published a report of the Surgeon General's Special Advisory Committee on  Poliomyelitis Vaccines together with a commentary by Dr. Albert Sabin. While both of these are valuable documents, both contain statements and points of view that should not go unchallenged.  The Committee report, based in large part on an accompanying communication on Paralytic Disease Associated with Oral Polio Vaccines, makes reference to eight cases of paralysis in Nebraska, the occurrence of which was compatible with prior ingestion of Type III vaccine. Aside from the fact that many of the diagnoses were highly questionable, as pointed out by Dr. Sabin both currently and in a previous communication ( JAMA  183 : 268-71 [Jan 26] 1963), the Committee completely ignores the fact that the lot of vaccine used in Nebraska was used just as extensively in Minnesota, where no cases