tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Iron Absorption in the Thalassemia Syndromes and Its Inhibition by Tea
Authors: Pedro A. de Alarcon, Mary-Ellen Donovan, Gilbert B. Forbes, Stephen A. Landaw, James A. Stockman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

To determine the hemoglobin concentration at which iron absorption is minimal, five subjects with thalassemia major and one with thalassemia intermedia underwent a series of iron-absorption studies. The effect of tea as an inhibitor of non-heme iron absorption was also tested. Iron absorption increased as the hemoglobin concentration decreased, although iron absorption was much higher at any given hemoglobin level in the subject with thalassemia intermedia. In the subjects with thalassemia major, iron absorption averaged 10 per cent at hemoglobin concentrations between 9 and 10 and 2.7 per cent between 11 and 13 g per deciliter. The percentage of iron absorbed could be accurately predicted from the nucleated red-cell count (r = 0.91, P<0.001). Tea produced a 41 to 95 per cent inhibition of iron absorption. Since patients with thalassemia intermedia may absorb a large percentage of dietary iron, inhibitors of iron absorption, such as tea, may be useful in their management. (N Engl J Med 300:5–8, 1979)
Mammographic Screening for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age
Authors: Ismail Jatoi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 October 1995Mammographic Screening for Women 40 to 49 Years of AgeIsmail Jatoi, MD, PhDIsmail Jatoi, MD, PhDBrooke Army Medical Center; Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-8-199510150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The National Cancer Institute recommends screening with clinical breast examination rather than mammography for women between the ages of 40 and 49 years, a policy that Drs. Sickles and Kopans [1] criticize as “scientifically inconsistent but politically expedient.” In fact, no evidence suggests that mammographic screening is superior to breast examination alone in reducing breast cancer-related mortality for any age group; in addition, screening mammography is associated with more adverse effects. For example, although the Health Insurance Plan study [2] showed a benefit from breast cancer screening, women in the study group were screened by breast examination ...References1. Sickles EA, Kopans DB. Mammographic screening for women aged 40 to 49 years: the primary care practitioners dilemma. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:534-8. Google Scholar2. Shapiro S, Venet W, Strax P, Venet L, Roeser R. Ten- to fourteen-year effect of screening on breast cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982; 69:349-55. Google Scholar3. Miller AB, Baines CJ, To T, Wall C. Canadian National Breast Screening Study: breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 50-59 years. Can Med Assoc J. 1992; 147:1477-87. Google Scholar4. Jatoi I, Baum M. American and European recommendations for screening mammography in younger women: a cultural divide? BMJ. 1993; 307:1481-3. Google Scholar5. Jatoi I, Baum M. Mammographically detected ductal carcinomas in situ: are we overdiagnosing breast cancer? [Editorial]. Surgery. 1995; 118:118-20. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooke Army Medical Center; Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening Mammography in Women Younger than 50 Years of Age Harold C. Sox Metrics Cited ByBreast Cancer: A Systemic or Local Disease? 15 October 1995Volume 123, Issue 8Page: 634-635KeywordsAge groupsBreast cancer screeningCancer screeningHealth insuranceMammographyMortalityRadiation exposure Issue Published: 15 October 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
<i>N</i> ‐acetylcysteine in trichotillomania: a panacea for compulsive skin disorders?
Authors: M. Taylor, K. Bhagwandas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article N‐acetylcysteine in trichotillomania: a panacea for compulsive skin disorders? Get access M. Taylor, M. Taylor Department of Dermatology Neath Port Talbot Hospital Baglan Way Port Talbot S12 7BX U.K https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-8918 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Bhagwandas K. Bhagwandas Department of Dermatology Neath Port Talbot Hospital Baglan Way Port Talbot S12 7BX U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 5, 1 November 2014, Pages 1253–1255, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13080 Published: 01 November 2014
Sigmoid Stiffener for Decompression Tube Placement in Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction
Authors: W. Berger, K. Saeian
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Decompression tube placement improves outcome in colonic pseudo-obstruction (CP) which is refractory to conservative measures, especially if the decompression tube is placed proximal to the hepatic flexure. We evaluate the ability of a sigmoid stiffener to facilitate more proximal colonoscopy and decompression tube placement.A sigmoid stiffener is used in the standard fashion during colonoscopic decompression for pseudo-obstruction. After cecal wire placement, the colonoscope is withdrawn, leaving the stiffener and wire in place. By passing through the stiffener, an over-wire decompression tube can avoid sigmoid looping. We compared proximal extent of colonoscopy, tube position, endoscopy time, and patient outcomes using a sigmoid stiffener, with a control group of patients treated previously. Patients with colonic ischemia were excluded.Using this technique, nine consecutive colonoscopies and decompression tube placements reached the right colon. Significantly, only three of seven control colonoscopies and two control decompression tubes did so. However, improvements in procedural time and patient outcome did not reach statistical significance. No complications occurred.The use of a sigmoid stiffener during colonic decompression allows more proximal colonoscopy and decompression tube placement, with possible clinical benefit. We do not use this technique in the setting of left colon ischemia.
Predicting fetal death.
Authors: A C Davies, I Chalmers, D R Fahmy
Journal: BMJ (1977)

seemed somewhat unnecessary when one was primarily attempting to determine the incidence of diarrhoea in a large number of patients.Both trials showed the incidence of diarrhoea to be halved in the patients receiving talampicillin and these results were shown to be statistically significant (P < 0-02 in both studies).Dr Grant is perfectly entitled to express his personal opinion of these antibiotics, but other clinicians appear to have come to a different conclusion and amoxycillin is now very widely used in both hospital and general practice in this country and overseas.Finally, I am sure that Dr Grant would be the first to appreciate that he is getting better value for money when he provides drugs that are well absorbed rather than those that, for the most part, go down the drain.
1.57 Prolactin is locally produced in the synovium of patients with inflammatory arthritic diseases and promotes macrophage activation
Authors: M W Tang, K A Reedquist, S Garcia, D M Gerlag, P P Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> The sex hormone prolactin (PRL) has immunomodulatory properties, can be produced by immune cells, and elevated PRL serum levels have been reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Here we examined synovial expression of PRL and PRL receptor (PRLR) in patients with inflammatory arthritis, their expression in polarised macrophages from patients and healthy donors, and the effects of PRL on macrophage activation. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> PRL levels in paired synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood of RA (n = 19), psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n = 13) and gout (n = 11) patients were measured using an immunofluorescent metric assay. PRL mRNA expression was measured in synovial tissue (ST) of RA (n = 25), PsA (n = 11) and gout (n = 12) patients, and in macrophages differentiated in RA, PsA, spondyloarthritis (SpA) and gout SF by qPCR. PRLR protein expression was determined in ST of RA (n = 19), PsA (n = 15) and osteoarthritis (OA, n = 9) patients by immunohistochemistry and detected in specific cell types by immunofluorescence. IL-6 production by IFN-y and IL-10 -differentiated macrophages following stimulation with CD40L or TNF in the absence or presence of PRL was measured by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> PRL protein levels were similar in serum and SF of RA, PsA and gout patients, as was mRNA expression in RA, PsA and gout ST. Of interest, PRL mRNA expression significantly correlated with clinical disease parameters in PsA (DAS28, R = 0.729, P = 0.017) and RA (ESR, R = 0.424, P = 0.049). PRL expression was also detected in monocyte-derived macrophages from RA patients, and significantly higher (<i>P</i>≤0.01) in healthy donor macrophages differentiated in pooled SF of RA and PsA compared to SpA and gout SF. In RA SF-differentiated macrophages PRL production was increased by CD40L or IgG stimulation but not LPS or TNFα. Median (IQR) PRLR expression was significantly higher (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05) in RA [0.06 (0.00-0.33)] and PsA [0.18 (0.00-1.67)] ST compared to OA [0.00 (0.00-0.02)], and there was no significant difference in PRLR expression between (pre/postmenopausal) females and males, independently of disease. PRLR expression was mainly colocalised with CD68<sup>+</sup> macrophages and vWF<sup>+</sup> endothelial cells. In vitro, PRLR was prominently expressed in IFN-y and IL-10 polarised monocyte-derived macrophages compared to macrophages polarised in GM-CSF, M-CSF or RA SF. In these macrophages, PRL stimulation significantly enhanced IL-6 production in response to TNFα or CD40L. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results provide the first evidence that PRL is produced locally in the synovium of patients with inflammatory arthritis, and contributes to the activation of macrophages in the presence of other inflammatory stimuli.
A pre-clinical model of resistance to induction therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: A L Samuels, A H Beesley, B D Yadav, R A Papa, R Sutton, D Anderson, G M Marshall, C H Cole, U R Kees, R B Lock
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Relapse and acquired drug resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains a significant clinical problem. This study was designed to establish a preclinical model of resistance to induction therapy in childhood T-ALL to examine the emergence of drug resistance and identify novel therapies. Patient-derived T-ALL xenografts in immune-deficient (non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient) mice were exposed to a four-drug combination of vincristine, dexamethasone (DEX), L-asparaginase and daunorubicin (VXLD). 'Relapse' xenografts were characterized by responses to drugs, changes in gene expression profiles and Connectivity Map (CMap) prediction of strategies to reverse drug resistance. Two of four xenografts developed ex vivo and in vivo drug resistance. Both resistant lines showed altered lipid and cholesterol metabolism, yet they had a distinct drug resistance pattern. CMap analyses reinforced these features, identifying the cholesterol pathway inhibitor simvastatin (SVT) as a potential therapy to overcome resistance. Combined ex vivo with DEX, SVT was significantly synergistic, yet when administered in vivo with VXLD it did not delay leukemia progression. Synergy of SVT with established chemotherapy may depend on higher drug doses than are tolerable in this model. Taken together, we have developed a clinically relevant in vivo model of T-ALL suitable to examine the emergence of drug resistance and to identify novel therapies.
USE OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM.
Authors: ALEXANDER LAMBERT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In presenting a short summary of the clinical use of antipneumococcus serum we will confine ourselves to the consideration of its use in pneumonia, not that its use is necessarily limited to this form of pneumococcus infection, but because the processes which we designate as pneumonia are brought about by the agency of this germ in probably 90 per cent. of all cases of this disease, and also because, although the pneumococcus infection is protean in its manifestations, pneumonia is the form with which we most frequently come in contact. Before considering the clinical use of this serum we can form a better judgment of its value as a remedy if we consider for a moment the problems necessarily involved in its curative action. Comparing the pneumococcus serum with those of diphtheria and tetanus we find it has a different action in the body. These two sera we know to
Infant acetaminophen use associates with early asthmatic symptoms independently of respiratory tract infections: The Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood 2000 (COPSAC2000) cohort
Authors: Eskil Kreiner-Møller, Astrid Sevelsted, Nadja Hawwa Vissing, Ann-Marie Malby Schoos, Hans Bisgaard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
NERVE FIBRILLÆ IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY OF THE DOG
Authors: Howard T. Karsner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

The work reported in this paper has been conducted intermittently during the past two years in conjunction with studies of Dr. Horatio C. Wood, Jr., on the physiology of the arterial nerves of the pulmonary circuit. The nerve supply of the lungs comes from the small anterior pulmonary plexus and the larger posterior pulmonary plexus, these plexuses being formed by branches from the vagi and sympathetic nerves. Branches from the plexuses accompany the lung roots into the organs and are there distributed to the bronchi and blood-vessels. The coarser distribution of the nerves is easily demonstrable; it was pointed out in man by Stifling in I876, and since then has been reported by various observers in many of the higher mammalia. The problem of the finer distribution, however, has been the subject of less satisfactory research. Arnold claimed that there were three nerve plexuses in the arterial walls of the general circulatory system, an outer or adventitial network loosely arranged and often containing medullated fibers, a second network loosely arranged in the muscle layer and made up of fine but regularly outlined fibrils, and a third network finely arranged and made up of varicose nonmedullated threads which end in nodular or knob-like thickenings. This description was supported by numerous writers, among the most recent being Michailow, who used methylene blue dissolved in the Ringer-Locke solution. Barbieri, however, having worked with the arteries of dogs, thinks that Arnold's plan is too diagrammatic
P914 MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BILE DURING CHOLANGIOGRAPHY IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS
Authors: A. Hüsing, S. Beckebaum, V.R. Cicinnati, C. Wilms, M. Maschmeier, H.H. Schmidt, I. Kabar
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Pancreatic enzymes in human duodenal juice--a comparison of responses in secretin pancreozymin and Lundh Borgstrom tests.
Authors: J M Braganza, K Herman, P Hine, G Kay, G I Sandle
Journal: Gut (1978)

We have compared the concentrations and total outputs of trypsin, amylase, and lipase secreted into the duodenum during secretin pancreozymin and Lundh Borgström tests in order to assess the relative intensity of pancreatic stimulation provided by these means. The mean concentration of trypsin, and the mean 10 minute total output of trypsin, amylase, and lipase after the meal (though less than the peak post-prandial responses) were equal to the respective peak enzyme responses after intravenous injection of 2 Crick Harper Raper units per kg of secretin Boots; and after intravenous injection of 2 Crick Harper Raper units per kg of pancreozymin Boots.
Alpha-Aminobenzyl Penicillin—New Broad Spectrum Antibiotic
Authors: Sidney Ross
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A new derivative of penicillin, alphaaminobenzyl penicillin, was found to have in vitro activity against both gramnegative and gram-positive bacteria, thus broadening its antimicrobial spectrum beyond that of any previous penicillin compound. The drug was given both orally and intramuscularly and was essentially nontoxic. In a group of 47 infants and children with specific gastroenteritis who received the drug, the results were good in<i>Shigella</i>dysentery and pathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>enteritis. In<i>Salmonella</i>enteritis the results, albeit less predictably good, were regarded as comparable to those obtained with the present agents of choice.
Assessment of Follicle Destruction in Chemical-Induced Ovarian Toxicity
Authors: P B Hoyer, I G Sipes
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1996)

The ovary plays a pivotal role in the regulation of reproductive function in females. Development, maturation, and ovulation of oocytes occur within ovarian follicles. Females are born with a finite number of undeveloped, primordial follicles. Chemicals that destroy oocytes contained in these follicles can produce premature ovarian failure (menopause) because once a primordial follicle is destroyed, it cannot be replaced. This article focuses on chemicals that have been shown to destroy these small follicles in laboratory animals. An ovotoxic compound of particular interest is 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and its epoxide metabolites. The specific information discussed here relates to various aspects of VCH-inuced ovarian toxicity. This includes species specificity, disposition and metabolism, direct follicular effects, bioactivity of metabolites, and long-term responses to exposure. Using these studies as a model approach, a method for evaluation of the ovotoxic potential of other chemicals can be designed.
Clinical Experience with the Unidirectional Dual-Chambered Intra-aortic Balloon Assist
Authors: DAVID BREGMAN, DAVID C. KRIPKE, MARTIN N. COHEN, SHLOMO LANIADO, ROBERT H. GOETZ
Journal: Circulation (1971)

A dual-chambered balloon mounted on a single-lumen catheter is described, consisting of a distal spherical occluding balloon and a narrower cylindrical pumping balloon. This balloon, in contrast to the conventional single-chambered balloon, pumps blood unidirectionally toward the aortic root in diastole, effecting a 66 to 100% greater increase in coronary blood flow. The implications of this concept are discussed, with particular reference to cardiogenic shock. Significant improvement in all measurable indices of ventricular work are demonstrated both clinically and experimentally. Results in patients are summarized.
Cell transformation by FLT3 ITD in acute myeloid leukemia involves oxidative inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein-tyrosine phosphatase DEP-1/ PTPRJ
Authors: Rinesh Godfrey, Deepika Arora, Reinhard Bauer, Sabine Stopp, Jörg P. Müller, Theresa Heinrich, Sylvia-Annette Böhmer, Markus Dagnell, Ulf Schnetzke, Sebastian Scholl, Arne Östman, Frank-D. Böhmer
Journal: Blood (2012)
Endoscopic management of Mirizzi's syndrome.
Authors: R E England, D F Martin
Journal: Gut (1997)

The accepted management of Mirizzi's syndrome is surgical, but endoscopic and percutaneous management have been described.To review our experience of endoscopic intervention for Mirizzi's syndrome.ERCP reports of patients presenting for endoscopic management of choledocholithiasis between March 1989 and June 1995 were reviewed. Those with cholangiographic evidence of Mirizzi's syndrome were selected for study. Patient records and cholangiograms were reviewed and follow up was recorded from the notes or by telephone contact with patients, their relatives, or doctors.Twenty five patients had Mirizzi's syndrome. Sixteen were female and their median age was 67 years (range 28-91). Ten presented with painless jaundice, nine with painful jaundice, four with cholangitis, and two had pain as their only symptom. Twelve were referred for surgery and 11 of these had preliminary endoscopic therapy. Thirteen have been treated solely with endoscopic therapy. Treatment in this group was aimed at relieving jaundice and removing stones. Stones were completely removed in three patients. Nine patients have been treated with long term stents, and one awaits extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the gall bladder. Complications of treatment occurred in four of 25 after ERCP.Endoscopic treatment of Mirizzi's syndrome is effective as a temporising measure before surgery and can be definitive treatment for unsuitable surgical candidates.
Etiology of diarrhea among children under the age five in China: Results from a five-year surveillance
Authors: Jianxing Yu, Huaiqi Jing, Shengjie Lai, Wenbo Xu, Mengfeng Li, Jianguo Wu, Wei Liu, Zhenghong Yuan, Yu Chen, Shiwen Zhao, Xinhua Wang, Zhuo Zhao, Lu Ran, Shuyu Wu, John D Klena, Luzhao Feng, Fu Li, Xianfei Ye, Yanzi Qiu, Xin Wang, Hongjie Yu, Zhongjie Li, Weizhong Yang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
Heparanase Augments Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Phosphorylation: Correlation with Head and Neck Tumor Progression
Authors: Victoria Cohen-Kaplan, Ilana Doweck, Inna Naroditsky, Israel Vlodavsky, Neta Ilan
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that specifically cleaves heparan sulfate side chains, a class of glycosaminoglycans abundantly present in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface. Heparanase activity is strongly implicated in tumor metastasis attributed to remodeling of the subepithelial and subendothelial basement membranes, resulting in dissemination of metastatic cancer cells. Moreover, heparanase up-regulation was noted in an increasing number of primary human tumors, correlating with tumors larger in size, increased microvessel density, and reduced postoperative survival rate, implying that heparanase function is not limited to tumor metastasis. This notion is supported by recent findings revealing induction of signaling molecules (i.e., Akt, p38) and gene transcription [i.e., tissue factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] by enzymatically-inactive heparanase. Here, we provide evidence that active and inactive heparanase proteins enhance epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation. Enhanced EGFR phosphorylation was associated with increased cell migration, cell proliferation, and colony formation, which were attenuated by Src inhibitors. Similarly, heparanase gene silencing by means of siRNA was associated with reduced Src and EGFR phosphorylation levels and decreased cell proliferation. Moreover, heparanase expression correlated with increased phospho-EGFR levels and progression of head and neck carcinoma, providing a strong clinical support for EGFR modulation by heparanase. Thus, heparanase seems to modulate two critical systems involved in tumor progression, namely VEGF expression and EGFR activation. Neutralizing heparanase enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions is therefore expected to profoundly affect tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis.