tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Death of House Officers
Authors: Andrew Naidech
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters5 January 1999The Death of House OfficersAndrew Naidech, MDAndrew Naidech, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-1-199901050-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Reading Fitzgerald and Murray's essays (1) reminded me that during the early part of my internship, I would report back to my parents how pleased I was with the interest that the chief residents took in the interns' mental health and well-being. "We're always accessible," they would say. "Don't hesitate to call.""You know why that is," my mother said. "When I was a house officer in New York, one or two residents would commit suicide every year. They'd look depressed for a couple of weeks, then they would stop cashing the paychecks, and then one day ...Reference1. Fitzgerald F, Murray TJ. On the death of house officers. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:949-50. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOn the Death of House Officers Faith Fitzgerald and T. Jock Murray The Death of House Officers Faith T. Fitzgerald The Death of House Officers Chi-yuan Hsu Metrics 5 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 1Page: 81KeywordsDiagnostic radiologyPsychiatry and mental healthResidencySuicide Issue Published: 5 January 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
ABERRANT PANCREATIC TISSUE WITH HYPERINSULINISM
Authors: Frederick Goethe Smith
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Aberrant pancreatic tissue was first observed by Klob in 1859. Faust and Mudgett<sup>1</sup>have recently reviewed the reported cases and added 1 of their own, bringing the total to 370. Apparently, through some error in embroyologic development, pancreatic tissue may develop in various ectopic sites separate from the normal pancreatic anlage. It has been found most frequently in the stomach, duodenum and jejunum, fairly often in the ileum and Meckel's diverticulum and rarely in the gallbladder, omentum and mesentery. Seldom of clinical importance, the gland tissue is usually an incidental finding at surgical intervention or autopsy. It may, however, be the site of inflammation and ulceration necessitating surgical removal, and in the ileum the condition has been responsible for intussusception. Roentgenologically it may produce a filling defect simulating a polyp or a malignant growth. The case to be reported is of interest in exhibiting definite symptoms of hyperinsulinism which
Defining neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: A. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Defining neurodegenerative diseases is like defining the continent of Europe: part history, part science, part politics, and to cap it, both could have an effect on health and prosperity.

A big advantage of the term is that it is a concept that patients can relate to from parallels in everyday life. Wearing out in time of certain components—sometimes replaceable, sometimes not—encompasses principles of selective neuronal death as a primary event with age as a major risk factor and good remedies patchy.

Paradoxes abound. Neurodegeneration is a major element and is often the cause of the disability in many diseases not usually classified as degenerative—for example, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, some inborn errors of metabolism, schizophrenia, and even tumours. Conversely, inflammatory processes are activated and vascular compromise occurs in some degenerative diseases. A Napoleonic view could encompass most brain diseases under the rubric of neurodegenerative, but this would lack focus.

Few health authorities run services for neurodegenerative disease as a whole because they can cut across several subspecialties. Core members are the dementias, Parkinson's disease, motor neurone disease, cerebellar degenerations, Huntington's disease, and prion diseases. Subclassification is clearly of importance for …
Racial Differences in Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke among Children
Authors: Stephen E. Wilson, Robert S. Kahn, Jane Khoury, Bruce P. Lanphear
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among U.S. children. Despite African-American children's having a lower reported exposure to tobacco compared to whites, they suffer disproportionately from tobacco-related illnesses and have higher levels of serum cotinine than white children. The goal of this study was to test whether African-American children have higher levels of serum and hair cotinine, after accounting for ETS exposure and various housing characteristics. We investigated the level of cotinine in both hair and serum in a sample of 222 children with asthma. Using a previously validated survey for adult smokers, we assessed each child's exposure to ETS. We collected detailed information on the primary residence, including home volume, ventilation, and overall home configuration. Despite a lower reported ETS exposure, African-American children had higher mean levels of serum cotinine (1.41 ng/mL vs. 0.97 ng/mL; p = 0.03) and hair cotinine (0.25 ng/mg vs. 0.07 ng/mg; p < 0.001) compared with white children. After adjusting for ETS exposure, housing size, and other demographic characteristics, serum and hair cotinine levels remained significantly higher in African-American children (ss = 0.34, p = 0.03) than in white children (ss = 1.06, p < 0.001). Housing volume was significantly associated with both serum and hair cotinine but did not fully explain the race difference. Our results demonstrate that, despite a lower reported exposure to ETS, African-American children with asthma had significantly higher levels of both serum and hair cotinine than did white children. Identifying causes and consequences of increased cotinine may help explain the striking differences in tobacco-related illnesses.
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy in patients with gastroparesis following lung transplantation: feasibility and clinical outcome
Authors: E. Toussaint, A. Van Gossum, A. Ballarin, O. Moine, M. Estenne, C. Knoop, J. Devière, M. Arvanitakis
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

The aim of the present study was to describe success rates, complications, and outcome in patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) because of gastroparesis due to previous lung transplantation. Between October 2008 and May 2011, 14 attempts at PEJ placement were made in 12 patients in our center. Of the 14 attempts, 11 were successful, giving a technical success rate of 78.6 %. Median duration of follow-up was 8.5 months (2 – 15 months). No immediate complications were reported. Two severe complications occurred during follow up (one volvulus and one jejunocolic fistula). Jejunal nutrition was well tolerated in most of patients (9 /10). PEJ insertion is a feasible technique, which could help to provide nutritional support for patients with gastroparesis and previous lung transplantation.
Dopamine, Parkinson's disease, and volition
Authors: Jon C. Horvitz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Disruptions in dopamine transmission within the basal ganglia (BG) produce deficits in voluntary actions, that is, in the interface between cortically-generated goal representation and BG-mediated response selection. Under conditions of dopamine loss in humans and other animals, responses are impaired when they require internal generation, but are relatively intact when elicited by external stimuli.
Marked expression of plasma brain natriuretic peptide is a special feature of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kazuhiko Nishigaki, Masaaki Tomita, Kensaku Kagawa, Toshiyuki Noda, Shinya Minatoguchi, Hiroshi Oda, Sachiro Watanabe, Norihiko Morita, Kazuwa Nakao, Hisayoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Exploring a glycolytic inhibitor for the treatment of an FH-deficient type-2 papillary RCC
Authors: Toshinari Yamasaki, Tram Anh T. Tran, Orhan K. Oz, Ganesh V. Raj, Roderich E. Schwarz, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Xuewu Zhang, James Brugarolas
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2011)
930 HIGH RISK OF RENAL IMPAIRMENT DURING LONG-TERM ADEFOVIR AND LAMIVUDINE COMBINATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH LAMIVUDINE-RESISTANT CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: M. Viganó, P. Lampertico, M. Iavarone, G.E. Tontini, F. Facchetti, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The Role of the Community Hospital in Postgraduate Teaching
Authors: Walter G. Phippen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE early meetings of this society were interrupted by World War I, and now another war disrupts its schedule. At the time of the last meeting the country was not at war, but everyone thought it soon would be. Selective service was already under way, and the Procurement and Assignment Service was in its last month of gestation. It was born in October, and then out of the blue December sky came the dastardly attack on Pearl Harbor, and war.Through that winter and summer we had to adapt ourselves to dimouts, blackouts and air-raid alarms; the rationing of food, . . .
STUDIES OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN VITRO
Authors: Lowell A. Glasgow, Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Guinea pigs experimentally infected with mumps virus develop a delayed, hypersensitive skin reaction following the intradermal injection of heat-inactivated mumps virus. This in vivo hypersensitivity is accompanied by a state of cellular hypersensitivity which can be demonstrated in vitro by the addition of mumps viral antigen to cultures of splenic macrophages, following which they become less motile and undergo lysis. These observations support the hypothesis that the state of hypersensitivity which develops early in mumps virus infections may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
An appeal to Mike Richards
Authors: M. Baum
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In November 2010, 27 international experts wrote a letter to the BMJ which reviewed emerging evidence on screening mammography.1 The evidence challenged the status quo by suggesting that estimates of benefit had been exaggerated and those of harm minimised. Our leading concern related to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of breast cancer detected at screening. I was therefore delighted when Mike Richards at last …
Flow cytometry diagnosis of dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency
Authors: Sung-Yun Pai, Helen de Boer, Michel J. Massaad, Talal A. Chatila, Sevgi Keles, Haifa H. Jabara, Erin Janssen, Leslie E. Lehmann, Rima Hanna-Wakim, Ghassan Dbaibo, Douglas R. McDonald, Waleed Al-Herz, Raif S. Geha
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Dissonances in theories of number understanding
Authors: Lance J. Rips, Amber Bloomfield, Jennifer Asmuth
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Traditional theories of how children learn the positive integers start from infants' abilities in detecting the quantity of physical objects. Our target article examined this view and found no plausible accounts of such development. Most of our commentators appear to agree that no adequate developmental theory is presently available, but they attempt to hold onto a role for early enumeration. Although some defend the traditional theories, others introduce new basic quantitative abilities, new methods of transformation, or new types of end states. A survey of these proposals, however, shows that they do not succeed in bridging the gap to knowledge of the integers. We suggest that a better theory depends on starting with primitives that are inherently structural and mathematical.
EYE COMPLICATIONS OF SMALLPOX.SOME OBSERVATIONS DURING THE RECENT EPIDEMIC IN CLEVELAND.
Authors: ALBERT RUFUS BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The recent epidemic of smallpox was the severest in the history of the city, and has seldom been equaled in the number of cases and in malignancy in recent times, in civilized countries, as will be seen by the accompanying chart, which shows cases and deaths, prepared by Dr. Probst, secretary of the Ohio State Board of Health. The total number of cases for 1902 was 1,248, with 224 deaths. The death rate was 17.9 per cent., and, as Dr. Probst well said: "This was the genuine old-fashioned smallpox." Many of the cases were of the most malignant character and exceedingly contagious, unlike the mild form of the disease which hitherto prevailed. The cause of this widespread epidemic is not far to seek. During Dr. G. C. Ashmun's incumbency of the Cleveland health office, from 1880 to 1891, the rule requiring vaccination of all school children was rigidly
Percutaneous Choledochoscopy and Cholecystoscopy: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses
Authors: J.H. Siegel, L.F. Mayer
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Accessibility to the common bile duct and gallbladder through sinus tracts formed after placement of a T-tube or cholecystostomy tube at surgery has until recently been restricted to special catheters and accessories for the extraction of stones. The procedure requires continuous fluoroscopy while contrast media is injected in order to identify defects and to place accessories. More recently this techniques has been accomplished with endoscopes which are advanced into the bile duct through these tracts. The results are comparable to the catheter technique but exposure to x-ray is reduced. The procedure has been performed with a bronchoscope (BF-4B2-Olympus Corporation of America), modified with an irrigation-suction valve, permitting direct examination, biopsy and entrapment of stones. With the bronchoscope in the bile duct, physiologic function and pathologic conditions can be assessed by advancing catheters through the ampulla into the duodenum, 1) the former to facilitate manometric recordings and, 2) the latter to calibrate the opening of the papilla. A catheter passed antegrade through the bronchoscope into the duodenum can be used as a guide for the simultaneous performance of sphincterotomy while the duodenoscope is in position. These new applications have placed choledochoscopy and cholecystoscopy in the armamentarium for the evaluation and treatment of biliary tract disease.
Hypertension in the Negro
Authors: Joseph B. Tauber
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  The normal blood pressure levels in Negroes is occasionally the subject of discussion. Very little is available on this subject in the literature; textbooks state only that hypertension in Negro males has a more adverse prognosis than that in white males. According to this widely held concept, Negro males develop malignant sequelae earlier and succumb rapidly thereto. This concept may have been based on experience with advanced, hospitalized cases. Medical records of healthy population groups of all ages, examined for other reasons than ill health, rarely yield statistical information about the significance of elevated blood pressure in different racial groups.  As full-time workers in occupational medicine, we have gained an impression about this question somewhat at variance with the reply to a question given by J. Marion Bryant, MD ( 201 :69, 1967).  In our work with 13,000 employees, we were impressed by the number of Negro employees
Shuffling toward Parity — Bringing Mental Health Care under the Umbrella
Authors: Sherry A. Glied, Richard G. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

For half a century, advocates and reformers have sought to ensure that mental illnesses are addressed in the same way as all other illnesses. Considerable progress has been made, and today treatment of mental disorders is increasingly part of the medical mainstream. But some glaring exceptions remain. One of the most visible and troubling manifestations of continuing unequal treatment of mental health conditions can be found in the structure of health insurance contracts. For a mental illness, most private health insurance contracts impose special limits on the amount of treatment they will pay for. The federal Medicare program and many . . .
Zymogram studies of human intestinal brush border and cytoplasmic peptidases.
Authors: Y S Kim, Y W Kim, H D Gaines, M H Sleisenger
Journal: Gut (1979)

Zymogram studies of peptide hydrolases from the human intestinal brush border and cytoplasmic fractions produced multiple bands--that is, up to seven--while the brush border membrane produced only a single band of enzyme activity. With all of the substrates tested except L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine, a band having anodic mobility identical with that produced by the brush border enzymes was produced by the cytoplasmic enzymes. With L-trileucine as a substrate, no overlapping band was produced. This band in the cytoplasmic fraction was heat sensitive, while that in the brush border fraction was not. Thus it would appear that there is a single human intestinal brush border peptide hydrolase capable of hydrolysing a variety of di- and tri-peptides. This peptide hydrolases of the brush border and the cytoplasmic fraction of human intestine are distinct.
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Inhibit Endothelial Exocytosis and Decrease Myocardial Infarct Size
Authors: Munekazu Yamakuchi, James J.M. Greer, Scott J. Cameron, Kenji Matsushita, Craig N. Morrell, Karen Talbot-Fox, William M. Baldwin, David J. Lefer, Charles J. Lowenstein
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Three-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors protect the vasculature from inflammation and atherosclerosis by cholesterol dependent and cholesterol independent mechanisms. We hypothesized that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors decrease exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies, endothelial cell granules whose contents promote thrombosis and vascular inflammation. We pretreated human aortic endothelial cells with simvastatin for 24 hours, then stimulated the cells with thrombin, and measured the amount of vWF released into the media. We then measured the effect of simvastatin on myocardial infarction in mice. Simvastatin decreased thrombin-stimulated Weibel-Palade body exocytosis by 89%. Simvastatin inhibited exocytosis in part by increasing synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which S-nitrosylated N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF), a critical regulator of exocytosis. Simvastatin treatment attenuated myocardial infarct size by 58% in wild-type but not eNOS knockout mice. Furthermore, simvastatin decreased endothelial exocytosis and neutrophil infiltration into ischemic-reperfused myocardium, which was mediated in part by P-selectin contained in Weibel-Palade bodies. However, simvastatin did not affect exocytosis and inflammation in myocardial infarcts of eNOS knockout mice. Inhibition of endothelial exocytosis is a novel mechanism by which HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may reduce vascular inflammation, inhibit thrombosis, and protect the ischemic myocardium. These findings may explain part of the pleiotropic effects of statin therapy for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Interaction of inhaled beta 2 agonist and inhaled corticosteroid on airway responsiveness to allergen and methacholine.
Authors: D W Cockcroft, V A Swystun, R Bhagat
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Regular treatment with salbutamol increases airway responsiveness to allergen but not to methacholine and produces tolerance to the bronchoprotective effect of salbutamol. The current study addresses the effect of inhaled corticosteroid on these aspects of regular beta 2 agonist use. A group of 13 atopic asthmatic subjects free from all asthma medications and remote from allergen exposure were studied. We used a double-blind, random-order, crossover study to compare four 1-wk treatment periods with > or = 1 wk washout: placebo, salbutamol, 200 micrograms four times per day, budesonide, 400 micrograms four times per day, and the combination of salbutamol and budesonide. We measured the methacholine PC20 and the methacholine dose shift produced acutely by 200 micrograms salbutamol after 7 d and the allergen PC15 after 8 d treatment. Blinded medications were withheld for 8 to 10 h before measurements. The methacholine PC20 was not affected by regular salbutamol but increased significantly (p < 0.014) after both budesonide-containing regimens. Neither the dose shift nor its significant reduction by regularly used beta 2 agonist were influenced by the inhaled corticosteroid. The four allergen PC15 values were significantly different from each other. Compared with placebo, the allergen PC15 was 0.6 doubling doses lower after salbutamol (p = 0.021) and 1.3 doubling doses higher after budesonide (p < 0.001); the allergen PC15 was reduced by 0.53 doubling doses from this new baseline (p = 0.039) when salbutamol and budesonide were used together.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wall Washer's Thumb
Authors: JOSEPH R. THURN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1983Wall Washer's ThumbJOSEPH R. THURN, M.D.JOSEPH R. THURN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-412_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A recent issue carried a letter on photocopier's phalanx (1). The case presented below describes a similar condition that is a potential occupational hazard for hospital cleaning personnel.During his medical school breaks, a 24-year-old student was employed as a wall washer in a community hospital. One week after commencing wall washing in our such break, he noted increasing pain in his right thumb. Aside from postinfectious arthritis as a child, the patient denied having any rheumatologic symptoms, gave no history of trauma, and had not recently used a photocopying machine. Pertinent physical findings included tenderness on...References1. ROSENSTEIN E. Photocopier's phalanx [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98(5 pt 1):677. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MINUKWAGGONERHOOFNAGLEHANSONPAPPAS GJJRS. Pipetter's thumb. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:751. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ROULLETCASTAIGN EP. Pipetter's thumb, type II. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:503. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hennepin County Medical Center Minneapolis, MN 55415 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 412-412KeywordsReactive arthritis Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Weight Loss With Knee and Ankle Pain and Swelling
Authors: Jack Twersky
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>History</h3> A 47-year-old man was seen for pain in both knees. For the past year, he had noted swelling of both ankles and pain and swelling of both knees. He had been seen by another physician six months previously, and a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made on the basis of the clinical symptoms. A regimen of indomethacin (Indocin) and aspirin was begun, but there was no clinical improvement. During the past year he had lost 6.7 kg. The patient denied pulmonary or gastrointestinal symptoms. Results of a physical examination were normal except for the findings in the extremities. Effusions of both knees and ankles were present. The knees were warm and tender, and there was limitation of motion of both knees due to pain. There was no evidence of clubbing, rash, or subcutaneous nodules. Pertinent laboratory data included the following: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 51 mm/hr; lupus erythematosus (LE) preparation,
GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN NONDIABETIC HYPERTENSIVES
Authors: Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios, Gregory Vyssoulis, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Panagiotis Xaplanteris, Nikolaos Alexopoulos, Panagiota Pietri, Alexios Samentzas, Aikaterini Siama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)