tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sugar, fat, and the risk of colorectal cancer.
Authors: J B Bristol, P M Emmett, K W Heaton, R C Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The habitual diet of 50 patients with large bowel cancer, as assessed by a dietary history method, was compared with that of 50 closely matched controls. Patients were included only if their symptoms were unlikely to have changed previous eating habits. The mean daily intakes of all major nutrient classes and of dietary fibre were estimated. Patients with large bowel cancer consumed 16% more energy than controls (mean (SEM) daily intake 9.92 (0.41) v 8.56 (0.32) MJ (2370 (98) v 2046 (76) kcal), respectively; p less than 0.0001), mainly in the form of carbohydrate (21% more; 282.6 (13.7) v 233.4 (10.5) g; p less than 0.0001) and fat (14% more; 100.8 (4.3) v 88.4 (3.2) g; p less than 0.001). The extra carbohydrate was largely in the form of sugars depleted in fibre and the extra fat as combinations of fat and such sugars. As the selection criteria used make it unlikely that this eating pattern was caused by the disease the data suggest that a high intake of sugars depleted in fibre and fat predisposes to the development of large bowel cancer.
Contact Dermatitis from Spandex Yarn
Authors: W. N. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1966)

NDIMWI!L JowuMU adherent to the oesophagus.When the neuroma was dissected away the oesophagus filled out but none the less dilators were passed.The " neuroma " had a cotton ligature in- corporated in it.Since then I have ligated only the distal vagal end, sometimes burying it under a serosal suture to obviate (?) such stump neuromata.The patient has had no recurrence of symptoms since.This case tends to support the view that stump neuromata may by them- selves cause symptoms as suggested in your leader.-Iam, etc.,
The Military Sprue Syndrome: A Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation.
Authors: W. C. Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963The Military Sprue Syndrome: A Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation.W. C. Cohen, M.D., J. P. Brodsky, M.D., T. W. Sheehy, M.D., F.A.C.P.W. C. Cohen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. P. Brodsky, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, T. W. Sheehy, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-726_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe military sprue syndrome is, in effect, early tropical sprue occurring in continental United States military personnel and their dependents stationed in tropical areas. Thirty-five patients stationed in Puerto Rico were studied by means of jejunal biopsies, vitamin A and xylose tolerance tests, serum carotene levels, fecal fat excretions, bone marrow examinations, and small bowel X rays. The majority of the patients had an acute onset of symptoms which evolved into a chronic complex of weight loss, diarrhea, and fatigue without anemia. Most of the patients had 2 to 5 serial evaluations at intervals varying from 6 weeks to 8... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Juan, P. R. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 726-726KeywordsArmed forcesClinical laboratoriesDiarrheaExcretionFatigueFatsResearch laboratoriesVitamin AWeight lossXylose Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene is associated with serum ACE concentration and increased risk for CAD in the Japanese.
Authors: K Nakai, C Itoh, Y Miura, K Hotta, T Musha, T Itoh, T Miyakawa, R Iwasaki, K Hiramori
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system thought to be important in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Deletion polymorphism in the ACE gene may be a risk factor for myocardial infarction in the Caucasian population. However, this finding has not yet been investigated in the Japanese population.A 287-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction in a cross-sectional study of 100 healthy subjects and 178 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (70 angina pectoris, 108 myocardial infarction), whose serum ACE levels were concomitantly measured. Polymorphism of the ACE gene was characterized by three genotypes: two deletion alleles (genotype DD), two insertion alleles (genotype II), and heterozygous alleles (genotype ID). No differences could be detected among the three genotypes for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and body mass index. Serum ACE levels were 11.4 +/- 2.7, 14.5 +/- 3.5, and 16.6 +/- 4.6 IU/mL for genotypes II, ID, and DD, respectively. In the study population, the genotype DD was more closely associated with CAD than the other two genotypes (ID and II). The frequency of deletion alleles was higher (0.58) in the CAD group than in healthy control subjects (0.42) (P < .05). Furthermore, multivessel disease was more strongly associated with deletion alleles than with insertion alleles (P < .05).A deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene is associated with serum ACE activity and increased risk for CAD in the Japanese.
Benefits and risks of childhood immunisations in developing countries.
Authors: J D Holden
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The ratio of benefit to harm from an imaginary, modest immunisation programme in a developing country and the numbers of lives likely to be saved and severe handicaps prevented have been estimated. Immunisation is much more likely to benefit children than to harm them, and health workers can be confidently encouraged not to withhold the benefits of immunisation from most children.The ratio of benefit to harm an imaginary, modest immunization program in a developing country and the numbers of lives likely to be saved and severe handicaps prevented are estimated. Immunization is much more likely to benefit children than to harm them, and health workers can be confidently encouraged not to withhold the benefits of immunization from most children. The UN target date for immunization to be available to all the world's children is 1990. Benefits and risks of a typical program in a developing country are calculated for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and measles. Such a program could be expected to save about 45 lives a month and prevent about 12 children being left with a serious handicap each month. In contrast it may cause 1 death over 22 years and 1 serious handicap every 7 1/2 years.
Lyp/PTPN22 is a negative regulator of integrin mediated T cell adhesion and migration; the disease associated PTPN22 allelic variant is a loss of function mutant that perturbs T cell migration
Authors: L. Svensson, G. Burn, C. Sanchez-Blanco, R. Zamoyska, A. Cope
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> A critical step in leucocyte adhesion and migration is the activation of integrins such as LFA-1. Engagement by its counterligand ICAM-1 leads to a cascade of signalling events that permit cell spreading, cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell migration and proliferation. Among intermediates that regulate integrin activation are src kinases such as Lck. The protein tyrosine phosphatase Lyp, which negatively regulates src kinases, has received much attention in recent years following reports of a strong association between a missense single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene (<i>PTPN22</i>) and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and type I diabetes. While much work has focused on the regulatory effects of Lyp on Lck activation during antigen T cell receptor signalling, no clear consensus has emerged as to whether the disease associated mutant is a gain or a loss-of-function phosphatase. We set out to examine how Lyp regulates integrin mediated function and to explore the phenotype of T cells expressing the autoimmune disease associated LypR620W mutant. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> We used confocal microscopy to study the subcellular localisation of LFA-1, Lyp and its substrates ZAP-70 and Vav in primary human T cell blasts. Integrin mediated adhesion and migration were determined by culturing T cell blasts on Fc-ICAM coated plates. Images were captured by time–lapse microscopy every 15 s for 20 min in total, and mean speeds of each T cell calculated for single tracked cells. Lyp knockdown was performed using specific siRNA. Lyp overexpression was undertaken by transfecting HSB2 cells, which express very low levels of Lyp, with wild type Lyp620R or mutant Lyp620W, and adhesion and migration studied as above. <h3>Results</h3> Lyp is expressed at the leading edge of T cells migrating on ICAM, and co-localises and co-immunoprecipitates with ZAP-70 and Vav. In contrast, phospho-ZAP-70 is expressed in discrete zones behind the leading edge. Knockdown of Lyp enhances migratory responses, while overexpresison of wild type Lyp in HSB2 cells leads to a dramatic reduction in migration. In contrast, expression of the disease associated LypR620W mutant fails to negatively regulate migratory responses. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We show for the first time that Lyp is a negative regulator of integrin mediated T cell adhesion and migration, being expressed at the leading edge of migrating cells and serving to de-phosphorylate substrates that function to stabilise the LFA-1<sup>hi</sup>/talin complex. Importantly, the expression of the disease associated Lyp mutant is associated with failure to regulate migratory responses.
Notification of tuberculosis is compatible with venereal diseases regulations
Authors: J S Metters
Journal: BMJ (1995)

substantially increase the cost per admission.In addition, we are responsible for transporting and escorting our patients for court appearances; this cost would otherwise be met by the Home Office.Should local purchasers be responsible for these costs in future?We are convinced that the proper place for mentally disordered prisoners requiring hospital treannent is hospital.We have shown that the problems described by Needham-Bennett and Cumming are not insoluble; the solution is not legislative but financial.The delays inherent in the resolution of serious cases inflate our costs.We have expressed our concerns to the Home Office but have received only an acknowledgement.In the absence of any acceptance of joint responsibility by the Department of Health and the Home Office for funding services for mentally disordered remand prisoners, we believe that the current situation is a disaster that is already happening.
THE MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN STIMULATING GROWTH OF CHICKS
Authors: H. Eyssen, P. de Somer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

A study was made of the effect of antibiotics on growth of chicks and on intestinal absorption of fats and carbohydrates. Around the 8th day of life, chicks fed an antibiotic-free casein-sucrose diet developed a transitory syndrome of malabsorption of fats and carbohydrates, associated with disturbance of the efficiency of feed utilization and poor weight increase. Administration of virginiamycin, at a level of 20 ppm, suppressed this period of malabsorption and resulted in improved feed conversion and increased weight gain. The temporary growth depression and malabsorption were not observed in disinfected rooms in new quarters. Under these conditions virginiamycin did not stimulate growth nor was the efficiency of feed utilization improved by the antibiotic. However, the growth-depressing flora could be introduced to the new quarters by feeding each bird 50 mg of fresh feces collected from chicks in old quarters. Both the intestinal absorption and the growth-promoting effect of virginiamycin were influenced by the type of carbohydrate in the basal diet, and have been found to be most pronounced when sucrose was fed as the sole source of carbohydrate. The malabsorption was less obvious when cornstarch was substituted for sucrose. In this case virginiamycin had only a limited effect on growth and on feed conversion. The present investigations suggest that antibiotics stimulate growth of chicks by their antibacterial action against Gram-positive microorganisms which interfere with the absorption of nutrients. Furthermore, the growth-promoting effect seems to be most pronounced during a limited period of a few days around the 8th day of life.
Special Requirements for Electronic Health Record Systems in Ophthalmology
Authors: Michael F. Chiang, Michael V. Boland, Allen Brewer, K. David Epley, Mark B. Horton, Michele C. Lim, Colin A. McCannel, Sayjal J. Patel, David E. Silverstone, Linda Wedemeyer, Flora Lum
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Aspirin for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Warren S. Browner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 September 1996Aspirin for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery StenosisWarren S. Browner, MD, MPHWarren S. Browner, MD, MPHVeterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94211Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Cote and colleagues [1] recently reported that aspirin therapy had no effect on the incidence of vascular events or death in asymptomatic patients with carotid narrowing (hazard ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.62 to 1.33]. They interpreted the results of this excellent study as allowing them “to rule out, with 95% confidence, the possibility that aspirin may reduce the risk for the composite outcomes by 40% or more.” However, 95% CIs do not imply that investigators can be 95% confident: They simply indicate the range of results that are consistent with the measured point estimate [2, 3]. ...References1. Cote R, Battista RN, Abrahamowicz M, Langlois Y, Bourque F, Mackey A, et al. Lack of effect of aspirin in asymptomatic patients with carotid bruits and substantial carotid narrowing. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:649-55. Google Scholar2. Browner WS, Newman TB. Are all significant P values created equal? The analogy between diagnostic tests and clinical research. JAMA. 1987; 257:2459-63. Google Scholar3. Browner WS, Newman TB. Confidence intervals. Ann Intern Med. 1986; 105:973-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94211 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCarotid Stenosis: Primary Prevention and Medical Treatment 1 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 5Page: 420KeywordsAspirinCarotid arteriesHazard ratioStenosis Issue Published: 1 September 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Highly cited research articles in Journal of Controlled Release: Commentaries and perspectives by authors
Authors: Nicholas A. Peppas, Ruth Duncan, Gary E. Wnek, Allan S. Hoffman, Guang Hui Gao, Sung Wan Kim, Doo Sung Lee, Michael Hadjiargyrou, Elka Touitou, Denize Ainbinder, Russell Mumper, Alain Rolland, Takuro Niidome, Vinod Labhasetwar, Shi Liu, Guangyuan Zhou, Yubin Huang, Zhigang Xie, Xiabin Jing, Noemi Csaba, Maria Jose Alonso, Omar Ali, David J. Mooney, Peter Lönn, Steven F. Dowdy, Si-Shen Feng, Jinming Gao, Eun Seong Lee, Kun Na, You Han Bae, Gaylen M. Zentner, Hyesung Kim, Hyuk Sang Yoo, Masamichi Nakayama, Teruo Okano, Zi-Xian Liao, Er-Yuan Chuang, Chun-Wen Hsiao, Hsing-Wen Sung, Horacio Cabral, Kazunori Kataoka, Praful R. Nair, Dennis Discher, Samir Mitragotri
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Fatal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Study of 200 Cases.
Authors: Donald Berkowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Fatal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Study of 200 Cases.Donald Berkowitz, M.D., F.A.C.P., Sol Glassman, M.D., Charles M. Thompson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Donald Berkowitz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Sol Glassman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles M. Thompson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-323_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe clinical and autopsy findings in 200 consecutive cases of fatal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage have been reviewd. In each instance, the bleeding was either the primary cause of death or a major contributing factor.In general, the etiologies of the hemorrhage were similar to those generally seen in clinical practices, that is, peptic ulceration of the stomach or duodenum and esophageal varices. However, many unusual and unexpected lesions were also found.In over 30% of the cases, the bleeding was not recognized clinically, its presence being apparent only upon autopsy examination. Most of these occurred in the older age group... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 323-324KeywordsAge groupsAutopsyDuodenumEtiologyGastric ulcersGastrointestinal hemorrhageHemorrhageLesionsPeptic ulcersStomach Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
ISCHEMIC TIME IS A BETTER MORTALITY PREDICTOR THAN DOOR-TO-BALLOON TIME IN PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Amirreza Solhpour, Kay-Won Chang, Prakash Balan, Stefano Sdringola-Maranga, Ali Denktas, Richard Smalling, H. Vernon Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Where Does Sherrington's "Muscular Sense" Originate? Muscles, Joints, Corollary Discharges?
Authors: P B C Matthews
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1982)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Ventricular inversion with normal ventriculoarterial connection and left atrial isomerism: Correction by the mustard operation
Authors: Sang C. Park, Ralph D. Siewers, William H. Neches, Robert A. Mathews, Frederick J. Fricker, Lee B. Beerman, Donald R. Fischer, J.R. Zuberbuhler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
Strategy for rapid elimination and continuing control of poliomyelitis and other vaccine preventable diseases of children in developing countries.
Authors: A B Sabin
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Estimates of a recent yearly incidence of 400 000 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis, 2.5 million deaths from measles and its complications, over 1 million deaths from neonatal tetanus, and 735 000 deaths from pertussis in Asia, Africa, and Latin America now pose a greater challenge for new action than did the worldwide eradication of smallpox several years ago. By virtue of the conditions obtaining in the developing countries mere expansion or acceleration of what is being done now--even with modifications that may achieve a temporary increase in vaccine coverage--cannot achieve the desired rapid elimination and continuing control of these diseases. A new strategy--namely, bringing the vaccine to the people during annual national days of vaccination--has already been used successfully in some small and large developing countries of Latin America for the rapid elimination and continuing control of polio. This strategy could be adapted to include vaccination against measles, pertussis, and neonatal tetanus by additional training of community volunteers in the large auxiliary health armies that work with the existing health services each year.
Ethical issues in genetics ignored
Authors: P. S Tamber
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Isn't it time you updated your curriculum vitae?It is a truth universally acknowledged that these documents-literally, the timetables of our lives-will indicate whether we are capable of doing a particular job, and, indeed, that the information therein can be used to discriminate between the different candidates for a post.While the former assumption often approximates to the truth, the latter could not be further from it.The CVs of applicants for a house officer post will reveal that they all went to nice schools, obtained a clutch of top grade A levels, played rugby or a musical instrument at medical school, and emerged (or will shortly emerge) with a degree.
Paediatric resuscitation: Authors' reply
Authors: D. P Burke, D. F Bowden
Journal: BMJ (1993)

years, which is worrying.There is a similar gap between the ages of 6 and 10 years.While a child's weight and therefore doses of drugs may vary considerably with age, the size of an endotracheal tube varies far less.The authors' chart should at least show a full range of endotracheal tube sizes.Before the meeting of the European Resuscitation Council in November last year the recommended endotracheal dose of adrenaline, atropine, and lignocaine was twice the intravenous or intraosseous dose.Since the meeting the American Heart Association has suggested that the initial endotracheal dose of adrenaline should in fact be 10 times the intravenous dose-that is, 100 pRg/kg.It is likely that this will soon be accepted by the European Resuscitation Council as the standard.Thus Burke and Bowden's chart has at best a twofold and at worst a tenfold dosage error.I understand that Oakley is currently revising his chart in accordance with the European Resuscitation Council's guidelines and is taking account of all these points.I look forward to seeing his new chart.In conclusion, Burke and Bowden's chart has serious flaws and may even be dangerous.It should not replace the existing or updated Oakley chart.
Cardiac Surgery and the Brain
Authors: Julie A. Swain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Neurologic deficits remain the most dreaded of complications after cardiac surgery. In the past, analyses of outcomes after cardiac surgery have concentrated on survival. Now that techniques of myocardial protection and cardiopulmonary bypass have been refined, emphasis is being placed on improving the quality of life after cardiac surgery1. Neurologic defects have the greatest impact on this variable. The study by Newburger and associates2 in this issue of the Journal is the largest and most careful prospective study to date documenting neurologic sequelae in pediatric patients requiring complex surgical repairs. This study is not only valuable as a comparison . . .
Hospital use of antibiotics varies threefold across Europe
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The use of antibiotics in hospitals varies threefold across Europe, a survey of 15 countries has found.

Use of antibiotics was highest in France and Finland and lowest in Norway and Sweden, say the authors, who describe the study as the first cross national retrospective comparison of antibiotic use in hospital care in Europe.

“There are huge cross national variations in extent and distribution of exposure to antibiotics in the hospital care sector of these 15 countries,” say the authors, writing in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (12 May 2006, doi:10.1093/jac/dkl147). …