tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHRONIC PROSTATITIS AND ITS TREATMENT.
Authors: H. R. WOSSIDLO
Journal: JAMA (1898)

So many mooted questions still envelop chronic prostatitis that its presentation, especially in a necessarily brief paper, is attended with considerable difficulty. The symptoms, too, are so readily confounded with those of other ailments, save by most searching study, that oftentimes a patient with chronic prostatitis is treated for all manner of other diseases, unsuccessfully. To contribute what I can, in the time at my disposal, to the better comprehension of the disease is the task I have set myself in this paper. The more or less severe tickling and burning in the urethra or at the glans, either incessantly or at intervals, the often increased frequency of micturition, the aching and stabbing pains in the anus, sacrum or perineum, the pain in the suprapubic region as well as the radiating pain along the lumbar region and the legs are well-known manifestations of chronic prostatitis. I hardly need mention the
Universal and Stemness-Related Tumor Antigens: Potential Use in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Giorgio Parmiani, Vincenzo Russo, Andrea Marrari, Gianluca Cutolo, Chiara Casati, Lorenzo Pilla, Cristina Maccalli, Licia Rivoltini, Chiara Castelli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

After a decade of cancer immunotherapy (both active and adoptive), based on the use of well-defined tumor-associated antigens (TAA), and despite the large amount of new information that has been collected both in preclinical and clinical settings, the clinical outcome of immunotherapy trials has
Identification of the Benign Mesenchymal Tumor Gene <i>HMGA2</i> in Lymphangiomyomatosis
Authors: Jeanine D'Armiento, Kazushi Imai, John Schiltz, Natalya Kolesnekova, David Sternberg, Kathleen Benson, Annie Pardo, Moises Selman, Theresa Smolarek, Murty Vundavalli, Joshua Sonnet, Matthias Szabolcs, Kiran Chada
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The normal expression pattern of HMGA2, an architectural transcription factor, is primarily restricted to cells of the developing mesenchyme before their overt differentiation during organogenesis. A detailed in situ hybridization analysis showed that the undifferentiated mesoderm of the embryonic lung expressed Hmga2 but it was not expressed in the newborn or adult lung. Previously, HMGA2 was shown to be misexpressed in a number of benign, differentiated mesenchymal tumors including lipomas, uterine leiomyomas, and pulmonary chondroid hamartomas. Here, we show that HMGA2 is misexpressed in pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM), a severe disorder of unknown etiology consisting of lymphatic smooth muscle cell proliferation that results in the obstruction of airways, lymphatics, and vessels. Immunohistochemistry was done with antibodies to HMGA2 and revealed expression in lung tissue samples obtained from 21 patients with LAM. In contrast, HMGA2 was not expressed in sections of normal adult lung or other proliferative interstitial lung diseases, indicating that the expression of HMGA2 in LAM represents aberrant gene activation and is not due solely to an increase in cellular proliferation. In vivo studies in transgenic mice show that misexpression of HMGA2 in smooth muscle cells resulted in increased proliferation of these cells in the lung surrounding the epithelial cells. Therefore, similar to the other mesenchymal neoplasms, HMGA2 misexpression in the smooth muscle cell leads to abnormal proliferation and LAM tumorigenesis. These results suggest that HMGA2 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of LAM and is a potential candidate as a therapeutic target. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):1902–9]
Solving the Mystery of Jimmy’s Red Sweat
Authors: Walter H. C. Burgdorf, Leonard J. Hoenig
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Combined Effects of the Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1) Gene Polymorphism and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Exposure on the Development of Asthma
Authors: K.T. Shair, J.M. Biagini, G.K. LeMasters, D.I. Bernstein, J.E. Lockey, G.K. Khurana Hershey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
The Major Virus-Producing Cell Type during Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection, the Hepatocyte, Is Not the Source of Virus Dissemination in the Host
Authors: Torsten Sacher, Jürgen Podlech, Christian A. Mohr, Stefan Jordan, Zsolt Ruzsics, Matthias J. Reddehase, Ulrich H. Koszinowski
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Binary and ternary complexes based on polycaprolactone-graft-poly (N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) for targeted siRNA delivery
Authors: Yuanyu Huang, Daoshu Lin, Qian Jiang, Wendi Zhang, Shutao Guo, Ping Xiao, Shuquan Zheng, Xiaoxia Wang, Hongbo Chen, Hong-Yan Zhang, Liandong Deng, Jinfeng Xing, Quan Du, Anjie Dong, Zicai Liang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Concordance for Islet Autoimmunity among Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Maria J. Redondo, Joy Jeffrey, Pamela R. Fain, George S. Eisenbarth, Tihamer Orban
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: The risk of type 1 diabetes among the monozygotic twins of patients with type 1 diabetes is reported to be as low as 30%; this percentage is usually based on the ascertainment of dat...
Fungemia Caused by Certain Nonpathogenic Strains of the Family Cryptococcaceae
Authors: Donald B. Louria, Sidney M. Greenberg, David W. Molander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DISSEMINATED infections in man due to fungi classified in the family cryptococcaceae are caused usually by Cryptococcus neoformans and by species of candida. The other species included in this family are generally considered to be nonpathogenic and include rhodotorula, a red-colored cryptococcus, species of torulopsis, a small yeast that experimentally bears some similarity to Histoplasma capsulatum in organ distribution and histologic findings,1 and C. neoformans (var. innocuous), which can be separated from the virulent C. neoformans by its failure to multiply significantly at 37°C. and its inability to produce progressive disease in laboratory animals.Severe disease in man due . . .
Epilepsy in women of childbearing age.
Authors: D. Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1989)

and Professor Hemingway.Now that we have had nearly two years' experience in manipulating digital radiographs and interpreting them on television screens our naive enthusiasm has become well tempered by experience.The advent of the reusable recording medium used in conjunction with conventional x ray equipment has transformed the scene, compared with the forms of apparatus for digital image acquisition that were being mooted six to eight years ago.As yet, technology for image storage, transmission, and recall has not reached the stage at which it can be used for everyday practice in a busy department.Implementation will for technical reasons need to be phased; this is now generally agreed by all experienced workers in this field in both the United States and Europe.We would dispute that we are overcautious, and we remain determined enthusiasts for Picture Archiving and Communications Systems and all that it implies, but we recognise that if for no other reason than our responsibility to the rest of our hospital prudence must not be overwhelmed by naive enthusiasm or other considerations.
Defective Urinary Concentrating Ability Due to a Complete Deficiency of Aquaporin-1
Authors: Landon S. King, Michael Choi, Pedro C. Fernandez, Jean-Pierre Cartron, Peter Agre
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Aquaporin-1, the archetypal water-channel protein,1 was initially identified in red cells and renal proximal tubular epithelium.2 The gene for aquaporin-1 (AQP1) on chromosome 7 colocalizes with the Colton blood-group antigen,3,4 and the Colton blood-group antigen polymorphism was identified as a substitution of a single amino acid in an extracellular domain of aquaporin-1.5 The International Blood Group Reference Laboratory has confirmed the existence of only six kindreds who lack the Colton blood group. Members of three of these kindreds were found to be homozygous for different mutations in the AQP1 gene, and their red-cell membranes had a complete . . .
Diffusely Increased Radioactivity in the Left Abdomen on Bone Scan of Patient With Acute Colonic Diverticulitis:
Authors: Wei-Kuo Chang, Wei-Jen Shih, Primo Milan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Two days after the onset of acute colonic diverticulitis, a 66-year-old man underwent a Tc-99m hydroxylmethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) bone scan that showed diffusely and extensively increased radioactivity in the left abdomen. This area of increased activity corresponded to the colonic wall thickness and pericolonic inflammation from the descending to sigmoid colon, as seen on accompanying abdominal CT. Seven days after treatment with antibiotics, fluids, and bowel rest, the patient's fever, leukocytosis, and abdominal pain subsided. The increased radioactivity in the left abdomen seen on bone scan was attributed to inflammation of the bowel wall and pericolonic soft tissue. Tc-99m HMDP may offer an alternative, noninvasive method for the assessment of extent and activity of inflamed bowel.
Widespread Correction of Lysosomal Storage in the Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII Mouse Brain with a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Vector Expressing β-Glucuronidase
Authors: Bradford K. Berges, Srikanth Yellayi, Brian A. Karolewski, Richard R. Miselis, John H. Wolfe, Nigel W. Fraser
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We have inoculated a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vector into a variety of sites in the mouse brain and assayed the regions of latency and expression of a β-glucuronidase (GUSB) cDNA from the latency-associated transcript promoter. Injection sites used were somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, striatum, dorsal hippocampus, and CSF spaces. Latent vector was detected in regions at a distance from the respective injection sites, consistent with axonal transport of vector. Regions of GUSB activity varied by injection site and included cerebral cortex, striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, hippocampus, midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellum, and spinal cord. After a single injection, GUSB enzymatic activity reached wild-type levels in several brain regions. GUSB was found in some areas without any detectable vector, indicative of axonal transport of GUSB enzyme. GUSB-deficient mice, which have the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII, have lysosomal storage lesions in cells throughout the brain. Adult MPS VII mice treated by injection of vector into a single site on each side of the brain had correction of storage lesions in a large volume of brain. The potential for long-term, widespread correction of lysosomal storage diseases with HSV-1 vectors is discussed.
Bleeding gastric erosion after oral zinc sulphate.
Authors: R Moore
Journal: BMJ (1978)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Previous studies have highlighted antidiabetic drugs as repurposing candidates for Alzheimer disease (AD), but the disease-modifying effects are still unclear. <h3>Methods</h3> A 2-sample mendelian randomization study design was applied to examine the association between genetic variation in the targets of 4 antidiabetic drug classes and AD risk. Genetic summary statistics for blood glucose were analyzed using UK Biobank data of 326,885 participants, whereas summary statistics for AD were retrieved from previous genome-wide association studies comprising 24,087 clinically diagnosed AD cases and 55,058 controls. Positive control analysis on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and obesity-related traits was conducted to validate the selection of instrumental variables. <h3>Results</h3> In the positive control analysis, genetic variation in sulfonylurea targets was associated with higher insulin secretion, a lower risk of T2DM, and an increment in body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference, consistent with drug mechanistic actions and previous trial evidence. In the primary analysis, genetic variation in sulfonylurea targets was associated with a lower risk of AD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38 per 1 mmol/L decrement in blood glucose, 95% CI 0.19–0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.0034). These results for sulfonylureas were largely unchanged in the sensitivity analysis using a genetic variant, <i>rs757110</i>, that has been validated to modulate the target proteins of sulfonylureas (OR = 0.35 per 1 mmol/L decrement in blood glucose, 95% CI 0.15–0.82, <i>p</i> = 0.016). An association between genetic variations in the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue target and a lower risk of AD was also observed (OR = 0.32 per 1 mmol/L decrement in blood glucose, 95% CI 0.13–0.79, <i>p</i> = 0.014). However, this result should be interpreted with caution because the positive control analyses for GLP-1 analogues did not comply with a weight-loss effect as shown in previous clinical trials. Results regarding other drug classes were inconclusive. <h3>Discussion</h3> Genetic variation in sulfonylurea targets was associated with a lower risk of AD, and future studies are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanistic pathways between sulfonylureas and AD.
Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis have normal Treg function when cells expressing IL-7 receptor α-chain are excluded from the analysis
Authors: Laure Michel, Laureline Berthelot, Ségolène Pettré, Sandrine Wiertlewski, Fabienne Lefrère, Cécile Braudeau, Sophie Brouard, Jean-Paul Soulillou, David-Axel Laplaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that results in demyelination in the central nervous system, and a defect in the regulatory function of CD4+CD25high T cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we reanalyzed the function of this T cell subset in patients with MS, but we depleted cells expressing IL-7 receptor alpha-chain (CD127), a marker recently described as present on activated T cells but not Tregs. Similar to other studies, we observed a marked defect in the suppressive function of unseparated CD4+CD25high T cells isolated from MS patients. However, when CD127(high) cells were removed from the CD4+CD25high population, patient and control cells inhibited T cell proliferation and cytokine production equally. Likewise, when the CD25 gate used to sort the cells was stringent enough to eliminate CD127high cells, CD4+CD25high T cells from patients with MS and healthy individuals had similar regulatory function. Additional analysis indicated that the CD127high cells within the CD4+CD25high T cell population from patients with MS appeared more proliferative and secreted more IFN-gamma and IL-2 than the same cells from healthy individuals. Taken together, we conclude that CD4+CD25highCD127low Tregs from MS patients and healthy individuals exhibit similar suppressive functions. The decreased inhibitory function of unfractioned CD4+CD25high cells previously observed might be due to abnormal activation of CD127high T cells in patients with MS.
THERAPEUTIC INTERVIEWING OF HOSTILE RELATIVES
Authors: EUGENE R. INWOOD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

It has been pointed out that hostility demonstrated toward an institution is frequently seen to be not a true hostility toward the hospital, but a displacement or projection of hostility toward the relative currently hospitalized. When this hostility toward a relative can be verbalized the relationship between the hospital and the relative is much improved. This is a matter of satisfaction to both the doctor and the relative in question. However, this is only a minor point. When a relative has verbalized his hostile feelings about a patient, and thus becomes aware of them, he is able to make a better adjustment with the patient in the home after discharge. It may be speculated that this better adjustment will be a strong factor in making for a favorable prognosis. In cases where it had been impossible to get a relative to express hostility, it did not necessarily follow that hostility did not exist. It is believed that the relative in such a situation is demonstrating his own emotional maladjustment. In spite of the overconcern expressed by this type of relative, it is felt that when the patient returns home to such a situation the prognosis is poorer, inasmuch as there is no understanding of the interpersonal relationships involved. The dynamics of the development of hostility have not been discussed as space does not permit. The fact is that we are not so concerned with the development of hostility as with the mechanisms of displacement and projection. Hostility is dissipated by its being brought into awareness. The relative at first is quite surprised, dislikes what he sees in himself, and does what he can to adjust himself better to the patient. Often this is adequate to ensure an improved adjustment in living. It is emphasized that verbalization of hostility toward the patient is not the only cause for an improvement in relations with relatives. However, this study includes only hostile relatives who did not respond to the ordinary methods of reassurance. The effort and time consumed in dealing with hostile relatives is decidedly worth while. Relatives should be interviewed whenever possible and a sincere attempt made to get them to discuss their feelings toward the patient. This therapeutic interviewing should be considered a definite part of the patient's treatment program whenever possible.
A Phase I Study of 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin and Arsenic Trioxide for Patients with Refractory/Relapsed Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Bach Ardalan, Pochi R. Subbarayan, Yipsel Ramos, Michael Gonzalez, Anthony Fernandez, Dmitry Mezentsev, Isildinha Reis, Robert Duncan, Lisa Podolsky, Kelvin Lee, Mayra Lima, Parvin Ganjei-Azar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

This Phase I study was designed to determine a safe combination dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) to treat 5-FU-resistant relapsed/refractory colorectal cancer patients. We studied the effect of ATO in the downregulation of thymidylate synthase (TS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in tumor biopsies.ATO was administered for 5 consecutive days during the first week and twice during weeks 2 to 3 and once on week 4. 5-FU/leucovorin (LV) was administered on days 8, 15, and 22. A modified accelerated titration design was used. 5-FU was dose escalated first followed by a planned dose increase for ATO.No dose-limiting toxicities were seen in seven patients who received 0.15 mg/kg ATO; grade 3 toxicities were as follows: neutropenia 1, diarrhea 1, and bowel obstruction 1. In patients receiving 0.20 mg/kg ATO, grade 3 toxicities were QTc prolongation 1, fatigue 4, alkaline phosphatase elevation 2, diarrhea 2, and peripheral edema 1. TS gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell decreased in all patients. Eight tumors were biopsied, four showed TS downregulation, three showed upregulations, and one did not change. Estimated median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.1 and 13.9 months, respectively. In patients who showed TS increase or no change versus TS reduction, estimated median progression-free survival was 2.6 versus 7.9 months (P = 0.188) and overall survival was 8.6 versus 11.7 months (P = 0.44), respectively.Thus, we determined 0.20 mg/kg ATO, 2,600 mg/m(2) 5-FU, and 500 mg/m(2) leucovorin (LV) to be the recommended phase II dose.
Significance testing – does it need this defence?
Authors: Günther Palm
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Chow's (1996) Statistical significance is a defence of null-hypothesis significance testing (NHSTP). The most common and straightforward use of significance testing is for the statistical corroboration of general hypotheses. In this case, criticisms of NHSTP, at least those mentioned in the book, are unfounded or misdirected. This point is driven home by the author a bit too forcefully and meticulously. The awkward and cumbersome organisation and argumentation of the book makes it even harder to read.
PWE-049 Five Year Retrospective Morbidity and Mortality Figures for Colonoscopy in a District General Hospital: Abstract PWE-049 Table 1
Authors: K M Barnett, C Gordon, S Weaver
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Between 1 July 2007 and 31 August 2012, 15284 colonoscopies were performed by Gastroenterologists, Colorectal Surgeons, Gastroenterology and Surgical trainees and Nurse Endoscopists. Over the 5 year period our unit has an average caecal intubation rate of 93.53% and polyp detection rate of 36.54% demonstrating colonoscopy performance that meets current national guidelines for performance indicators in endoscopy. The current JAG guidelines for complications of colonoscopy are perforation rate &lt; 1:1000, post polypectomy bleeding requiring transfusion &lt; 1:100 and post polypectomy perforation &lt; 1:500. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine the complication rate and 30 day mortality of colonoscopy performed in a district general hospital (DGH). <h3>Methods</h3> Using the hospital IT system and a coding search, patients were identified if they had died within 30 days, were readmitted or went to theatre within 8 days of a colonoscopy. Case notes were then reviewed to assess if any event was directly related to the procedure or intervention undertaken. <h3>Results</h3> In the 62 month period one death occurred from sepsis due to perforated diverticular disease (DD) (1/15284). In this time frame 4023 patients were diagnosed with DD giving a risk for perforation and death in DD of 1:4000. <b>Perforation:</b> occurred in 13 patients (1:1175), the causes listed in table 1. One patient with Crohn’s disease of the terminal ileum (TI) developed severe pain post procedure requring a laparotomy where the cause was found to be tearing of an adhesion to the TI, no perforation was seen 1/15284. <h3>Bleeding</h3> Polyps were found in 5966 patients. Post polypectomy bleeding requiring admission occurred in 27 patients (1:220 patients). 18 were observed for 24–48 hours without any intervention. 9 required transfusion (1:663). Of these patients, one required a right hemicolectomy for haemostasis and one required angiogram and embolisation, the remaining managed conservatively. Post biopsy bleeding occurred in 4 patients out of 8702 who were biopsied (1:2175) <h3>Post polypectomy syndrome</h3> occurred in 3 patients of 5966 patients with polyps (1:2000) <h3>Pain</h3> post colonoscopy requiring admission occurred in 12 patients (1:1273). Pain was attributed to air insufflation with radiology excluding perforation. <h3>Bowel preparation</h3> with Fleet resulted in one patient developing end stage renal failure due to phosphate nephropathy (1:4715), This preparation is no longer in use. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Few papers are published on the complication rates of colonoscopy at DGHs. This data gives valuable long term insight into the rate of serious complications and demonstrates safe colonoscopy at this DGH within current JAG Guidelines. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.