tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HYDROCEPHALUS WITH CESSATION OF PERSISTENT EPILEPTIC CONVULSIONS AFTER PUNCTURE OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLES
Authors: Alfred Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Concerning the pathology of organic epilepsy there is a wide diversity of opinion. However, it is admitted by the majority of observers that the reception of stimuli and the discharge of motor power, viz., muscular spasms in epilepsy, are the province of the motor cells of the cortex. Therein lies the main station to which flow the abnormal nervous currents. As to the original sources of stimulation or irritation, the accumulated anatomoclinical, physiologic and experimental data present a very large field of localizations in the brain between its anterior and posterior poles, and the site of the lesion may not necessarily be in the motor area itself. The case reported here seems to be highly instructive from this particular standpoint, as it indicates the special seat of the lesion and consequently leads to a logical surgical intervention. The case is also important from a therapeutic point of view, as it leads to
To read food material labeling, it is important to understand cross-reactivity of IgE antibody*1
Authors: A. Akasawa, K. Tanaka, K. Akashi, H. Kawahara, T. Suda, I. Nomura, Y. Ohya, T. Kamiya, K. Matsumoto, H. Saito
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Radionuclide angiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic filling in amyloid heart disease: A study of patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy
Authors: Minoru Hongo, Tadashige Fujii, Jiro Hirayama, Osamu Kinoshita, Masao Tanaka, Shinichi Okubo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Shapely centrefolds
Authors: P. M Boynton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Voracek and Fisher analysed the changing shape of centrefold models in Playboy and found that they seemed to be becoming thinner.1-1 In fact, the principal eating disorder in the United Kingdom today is overeating. Its consequence, obesity, is vastly more important as a public health issue than anorexia nervosa. Obesity is also a progressive condition, unlike anorexia nervosa, which tends to ameliorate with age.
Rituximab and CHOP Induction Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Mantle-Cell Lymphoma: Molecular Complete Responses Are Not Predictive of Progression-Free Survival
Authors: Orion M. Howard, John G. Gribben, Donna S. Neuberg, Michael Grossbard, Christina Poor, Milos J. Janicek, Margaret A. Shipp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of rituximab and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) induction therapy in patients with newly diagnosed mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1997 to May 1999, 40 previously untreated patients with stage II through IV MCL were treated with six cycles of rituximab and CHOP chemotherapy in a phase II trial. Pretreatment and interval peripheral-blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) specimens were also analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for tumor-specific BCL-1/immunoglobulin H (IgH) translocations and clonal IgH rearrangements. Study end points included clinical and molecular response rates and long-term progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of patients achieved a complete response (CR)/CR unconfirmed (CRu), and 48% of patients obtained a partial response (PR). However, 28 of the 40 patients have already relapsed or developed progressive disease with a median PFS of 16.6 months. Twenty-five patients had PCR-detectable BCL-1/IgH or clonal IgH products in PB or BM at diagnosis. Nine of the 25 informative patients had no evidence of PCR-detectable disease in PB or BM after rituximab and CHOP therapy. However, patients who achieved molecular remissions in PB or BM had PFS similar to patients without molecular remissions (16.5 v 18.8 months, P = .51). CONCLUSION: Favorable clinical and molecular response rates associated with rituximab and CHOP chemotherapy do not translate into prolonged PFS in MCL. Nevertheless, rituximab and combination chemotherapy may transiently clear PB or BM of detectable tumor cells, prompting additional consideration of antibody-based in vivo purging in subsequent clinical trials.
Trusts back reading groups to boost health and wellbeing
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Prescribing a good book to read aloud is an effective way to boost health and wellbeing, according to a reading charity that has won funding from primary care and mental health trusts to hold group reading sessions for patients.

The Reader Organisation, which is dedicated to promoting reading to everyone, of all ages and backgrounds, runs more than eight weekly read aloud groups for patients in general practices and hospitals throughout Merseyside.

Wirral and Liverpool Primary Care Trusts and Mersey Care Mental Health Trust are backing the organisation’s project, called “Get into reading,” which …
Fluoride Treatment of Bone Pain in Cancer of the Prostate
Authors: Walter P. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A simple and safe method of managing metastatic osteoblastic prostatic cancer with sodium fluoride is presented. Desperation and frustration led to a trial of this drug in patients with bone lesions refractory to radiotherapy and no longer responsive to hormonal therapy. There was little if any rationale for its use other than for its success in the osteoblastic lesions of Paget's disease (the radiographic appearance of which is often indistinguishable from the metastatic bone lesions of prostatic carcinoma), its questionable cytotoxic effect, and its documented safety of administration over a prolonged time. Even at this early date we are encouraged by results of fluoride treatment of osteolytic metastases of breast, lung, and colon. It is far too early to comment on bone changes, either radiographically or histologically, since they may take years to develop if they develop at all. The exact mechanism of fluoride action on bone
Efficacy of the Kinase Inhibitor SU11248 against Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Mutants Refractory to Imatinib Mesylate
Authors: Hans Prenen, Jan Cools, Nicole Mentens, Cedric Folens, Raf Sciot, Patrick Schöffski, Allan Van Oosterom, Peter Marynen, Maria Debiec-Rychter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumors harbor mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinases KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA), and respond to treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Some tumors, however, show primary resistance to imatinib treatment, and most others become resistant during treatment. The most common mechanism of imatinib resistance involves specific mutations in the kinase domains of KIT or PDGFRA. We tested the activity of SU11248, an orally active small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, to inhibit important imatinib-resistant KIT and PDGFRA mutants. Experimental Design: Primary imatinib-resistant tumor cells and cell lines expressing clinically identified imatinib-resistant KIT-V654A, KIT-T670I, or PDGFRA-D842V mutant isoforms were evaluated for sensitivity to SU11248 by Western immunoblotting and proliferation assays. Three patients with the KIT-V654A mutation were treated with SU11248. Results: Based on ex vivo assays, SU11248 potently inhibits KIT kinase activity of V654A and T670I mutants and suppresses proliferation of the cells expressing these mutations. Sensitivity of KIT-V654A and KIT-T670I mutants to SU11248 was confirmed using cell lines expressing these mutants. In contrast, SU11248 did not potently inhibit the PDGFRA-D842V mutant. In agreement with these results, two of the three imatinib-resistant patients with the KIT-V654A mutation responded to SU11248 treatment. Conclusions: These studies suggest that SU11248 may be a useful therapeutic agent to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors harboring the imatinib-resistant KIT-V654A or KIT-T670I mutations, but it has no effect on the activity of the PDGFRA-D842V mutant. Specific kinase inhibitors should be designed to inhibit the constitutive activating PDGFRA mutation at codon 842.
Food Allergy Is Not A Risk Factor in Cross-Intolerance to Nsaids for Induction of Symptoms
Authors: Francisca Gomez, Inmaculada Doña, Natalia Blanca-López, Maria J. Torres, Maria Salas, Carmen Rondon, Paloma Campo, Teresa Posadas, Maria Auxiliadora Guerrero, Gabriela Canto, Miguel Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Deregulation of the balance between data and conceptually driven processing: A shift toward the conceptual
Authors: Anthony C. Meis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Behrendt &amp; Young (B&amp;Y) propose that a dysfunction in the reticular thalamic nucleus contributes to disinhibition of specific thalamic nuclei, allowing cortical attention mechanisms to engage thalamic relay neurons, causing underconstrained activation of the cortex and hallucinations. The following hypothesis challenges the notion of impaired sensory gating by providing the alternative view that hypofrontality reduces the power of incoming stimuli, causing internal drives to override consciousness, resulting in hallucinations.
Reevaluation of Serum-Plasma Differences in Total Cholesterol Concentration
Authors: Teresa Cloey
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We measured total cholesterol levels in serum and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) plasma samples obtained from 84 healthy medical students during their entrance physical examinations and 48 adults from a cholesterol screening program who were resampled because they had initial values of 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) or higher. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were 4.7% lower than those in serum samples. The plasma and serum values were highly correlated (<i>r</i>=.994), however, suggesting that measurements in EDTA plasma can be converted readily to equivalent serum concentrations. Thus, the negative bias in EDTA plasma was greater than the 3% value cited in the National Cholesterol Education Program Guidelines, probably because the amount of EDTA now provided in evacuated blood collection tubes is 50% greater than in those used when the 3% value was established. These findings are relevant to the interpretation of both cholesterol screening measurements and follow-up lipoprotein analyses. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2788-2789)
Views of Reason for Mad Cow Disease Vary Widely
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

EXCITEMENT caused by the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) among British cattle, popularly known as "mad cow disease," has also stimulated renewed interest in a rare human neurodegenerative disorder, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The disorders are related, but whether the 10 cases of CJD recently reported in Great Britain were the result of eating meat from cows infected with the BSE agent remains speculation. "But," said a British authority, "it would be prudent to remain open-minded about dietary exposure" (<i>Lancet</i>. 1996;347:916,945-948). As always with mysterious disorders and unsolved riddles, public interest is high. <h3>Two Capital Conferences</h3> This interest brought 2 experts on CJD to separate forums this spring in Washington, DC. Stanley Prusiner, MD, professor of neurology at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, addressed a meeting on Capitol Hill of the Congressional Biomedical Research Caucus, a group that regularly briefs congressional staff on health issues. Prusiner
Roy Murray Melville
Authors: A H Duncan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former senior medical officer Scottish Home and Health Department (b 1924; q Edinburgh 1951; FSPHM), d 22 October 2004.

Roy joined the Colonial Service in 1954 and was posted to Malaya as a general duties medical officer. He transferred to the Sarawak Government Medical Service in 1957 and was awarded the OBE in 1970 for his contribution to the development of medical services there, particularly in the training of hospital assistants for work in district health centres and travelling dispensaries. In 1971 he returned to the United Kingdom and became deputy principal medical adviser to the Livingston New Town health services experimental project. In 1974 he joined the Scottish Home and Health Department, becoming a senior medical officer in 1975. He leaves a wife and four children.
Understanding social networks requires more than two dimensions
Authors: Derek Ruths, Thomas Shultz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

The proposed framework is insufficient to categorize and understand current evidence on decision making. There are some ambiguities in the questions asked that require additional distinctions between correctness and accuracy, decision making and learning, accuracy and confidence, and social influence and empowerment. Social learning techniques are not all the same: Behavior copying is quite different from theory passing. Sigmoidal acquisition curves are not unique to social learning and are often mistaken for other accelerating curves.
RELATION OF VIRULENCE OF PNEUMOCOCCAL STRAINS FOR MICE TO THE QUANTITY OF CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE FORMED IN VITRO
Authors: Colin M. MacLeod, Marjorie R. Krauss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

The amount of capsular polysaccharide formed in vitro by strains of pneumococcus types II, III, and VII of different virulence for mice has been measured by quantitative precipitin reactions. The quantity produced by strains of high virulence was greater for all three types than that formed by moderately virulent or avirulent strains. It is suggested that an important factor concerned in variations of virulence of pneumococci for mice is the genetic apparatus that controls the amount of SSS synthesized by the cells.
309 CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF IMMUNOLOGIC EFFECTOR CELLS INDUCED AGAINST HCC BY AFP- OR TUMOR LYSATE-PULSED DENDRITIC CELLS CAN BE SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED BY ADENOVIRAL TRANSDUCTION WITH IL-12
Authors: M.A. Gonzalez-Carmona, A. Vogt, E. Sievers, E. Raskopf, I. Schmidt-Wolf, V. Schmitz, T. Sauerbruch, W.H. Caselmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Acute renal failure after infusion of gelatin
Authors: R G Wilkins
Journal: BMJ (1989)

perhaps fewer are ventilated in other hospitals.As computed tomographic scanners become available in more general hospitals, fewer hopeless cases of head injury (and cases of intracranial haemorrhage) are likely to be referred to neurosurgeons.That could mean more potential donors in other hos- pitals.International comparisons of brain stem death and organ donation should allow for the fact that the incidence of fatal head injuries is two to three times greater in the United States, Canada, Australia, France, and Germany than in Britain and that the number of intensive care beds per head is 10 times greater in the United States.We hope that the further planned audits of deaths in intensive care units in England may throw more light on the factors that influence the yield of organ donors.
Prospective regional study of planned home births
Authors: J Davies, E Hey, W Reid, G Young
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To collect data from a cohort of women requesting a home birth and examine the experience and outcome of pregnancy, the indications for hospital transfer, and the attitudes of mothers, midwives, and general practitioners.Follow up study with anonymised postal questionnaires.Northern Regional Health Authority area.The 256 women resident in the Northern region who expected to deliver in 1993 and whose request for a home birth became known to one of the local supervisors of midwives. Limited cross validating information was also collected retrospectively on all other women delivering a baby outside hospital in 1993.Rate of and reason for transferred care; maternal, midwifery, and general practitioner views; perinatal outcome.Five women miscarried, leaving 251 in the study. Of these, 142 (57%) delivered at home. There were 17 (7%) caesarean sections but no perinatal deaths. General practitioners had reservations about half of the booking requests. Two thirds of the women thought they had not been offered any option about place of birth, 74 (29%) were referred to hospital for delivery before the onset of labour, and 35 (14%) were referred to hospital during labour. Intrapartum transfers were uneventful, and half the mothers commented spontaneously that they valued having spent even part of their labour at home.Home birth is valued for its family setting. General practitioners' support is sought and influential but uncommon, possibly because of a lack of understanding of the responsibilities of the midwife and general practitioner.
Transplantation in the Highly Sensitized Pediatric Patient
Authors: Chesney Castleberry, Thomas D. Ryan, Clifford Chin
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Sensitization against HLA antigens is a growing problem in the field of pediatric cardiac transplantation. Although surgical outcomes for congenital heart disease have improved over the decades, these successes have added to the growing list of sensitized patients who eventually may require transplantation.Cardiac transplantation survival has improved, but morbidity and mortality secondary to HLA antibodies hinder outcome. Aside from acute hemodynamic compromise, there is compelling evidence linking sensitization and AMR with the development of CAV, a major limiting factor affecting long-term graft survival. Clinical advances have improved our understanding of the roles of antibody type, CFAs and non-CFAs, and DSAs and non-DSAs. Therapeutic strategies target both the T- and B-cell lines. Combinations that include plasmapheresis, IVIG, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab have been used in clinical studies with variable success.Two newer agents show promise, targeting both ends of the antibody-mediated spectrum: Bortezomib depletes plasma cell populations, and eculizumab blocks the terminal effects of antibody action, thus preventing myocardial cell dysfunction and death. Despite numerous diagnostic and therapeutic advances, many questions remain about the best approaches.The role of HLA antibodies remains the central target of investigation.
PROGRESS IN ANAESTHESIA FROM THE SURGEON'S STANDPOINT
Authors: B. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1929)

The A valuies, therefore, represent the recovery response frnom the treatmenit accorded the B series.The growth incremiient values by themselves lhardly justify a conclusion, silce the timiie inlterval was uniiiavoidably loniger in thle A tlhan in thie B series.On the otlier hand, the differnciiees mi.ay be valid, since 1 have-nioted, but niot recorded, the fact that ioots left in Pb-cnltnre solutions for more thanl a dlay lhardly inlcrlease ini len-gtlh over that which obtains at the end of tlhe first twveoity-four hours.The marked superiority in miiitotic iindex values, lhow-ever, iniidicating as it does a far greater cell plrolifelation activity, is striiking proof tihat growth recovery after Pb-retardation-is possible.Particular note should be mnade of thte fact thiat r'oots subjected to a Pb-ion1 conflcenitration (if 5 miig.per litre slhowed somile sei-eve timiles as maniy mitoses per' 100 iiuclei after transference to Ph-free culture solutionis as roots subjected to on113 lialf the concentration (2.5 mlig.), but nlot siubsequently remiov+oed from the Pb environment.In view of thlis, and sinice root growth in lengthi is to a great degree dependent 1lipon the rate of cell divisioni in the meristematic region, it is prob)able that -thie greaYter growth incremenit of the A series does in part at least represent a real renewal of length gr-owthl.The resuilts of these exlerimiienits sihow conclusively that the retardativ-e ilnfluenice of Ph) o0l growth by increase in cell number is niot a permnianient affair in roots.This is no pr-oof that a like recoverV of ;e'll-proliferative activity w,ould occur' in animial formls nadler eithern'ormi0'al o'r pathological conditionis with (essation of Pb a(lliniistr-a- tion.Yet tlhe biological hint afforded slhould serve as a warn-inig against t-oo high e'xpe&tatiolns from the nse of Pb, or indeed any otlher miietallic elemiienit, in thle treatmienit of malignian-t growthls.In conl'iding I iiighit state?that the details of teclhinique nised in this investigation arce to be foniii(d in the papers cited.They have niot 1hen repeated here, in order to save space.REFERENCES.
Ibuprofen in canine endotoxin shock.
Authors: E R Jacobs, M E Soulsby, R C Bone, F J Wilson, F C Hiller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The participation of prostaglandins in the physiologic alterations of endotoxin shock has been well established with the aid of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Our study was designed to investigate the potential of ibuprofen, a highly specific cyclooxygenase inhibitor, to reverse the hemodynamic and acid base abnormalities of canine endotoxin shock. Mean blood pressure fell to 49.8 +/- 6.6 mm Hg in dogs given endotoxin by 5 min after injection, and remained below 83 mm Hg for the duration of the 120-min observation period. In animals given endotoxin followed by ibuprofen, a similar initial drop of systemic blood pressure was seen, but it subsequently recovered to 150.2 +/- 4.1 mm Hg by 120 min (P less than 0.001). Cardiac index increased in animals given ibuprofen (2.3 +/- 0.28 liter/m2 per min) compared with animals given endotoxin alone (1.0 +/- 0.09 liter/m2 per min) by termination of the experiment. The arterial pH dropped in endotoxin treated animals to 7.18 +/- 0.03 by 120 min. Ibuprofen prevented the acidosis, the final pH in ibuprofen and endotoxin treated animals measuring 7.36 +/- 0.01. We conclude that ibuprofen protects against the hypotension, acidosis, and depression of cardiac index of canine endotoxin shock.
Care Fragmentation in the Postdischarge Period
Authors: Thomas C. Tsai, E. John Orav, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Despite policies aimed at incentivizing clinical integration, few data exist on whether fragmentation of care is associated with worse outcomes for elderly patients undergoing major surgery.To determine whether postdischarge surgical care fragmentation is associated with worse outcomes and whether distances between hospitals explain differences in patient outcomes.We used the 100% Medicare inpatient file for claims from January 1, 2009, through November 30, 2011. Data on hospital structural features, including zip code of location, were obtained from the 2011 American Hospital Association Annual Survey. We identified patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, pulmonary lobectomy, endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, colectomy, and hip replacement.Thirty-day surgical mortality.A total of 93 062 patients who underwent the surgical procedures of interest were subsequently readmitted within 30 days of discharge; 23 278 of these patients (25.0%) were readmitted to a hospital other than the one where their procedure was performed. Patients who were readmitted to a different hospital generally lived farther from the index hospital than those who were readmitted to the index hospital (20.7 vs 7.4 miles, P < .001). We found large state-level variations in the proportion of surgical patients who were readmitted elsewhere. Patients readmitted to a different hospital that was the same distance from their home as the index hospital had 48% higher odds of mortality (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.24-1.78; P < .001) than patients who were admitted to the index hospital.Of older US patients undergoing major surgery, 1 in 4 is readmitted to a hospital other than the one where the initial operation was performed. Even taking distance traveled into account, postsurgical care fragmentation is associated with a substantially higher risk of death. Focusing on clinical integration may improve outcomes for older US patients undergoing complex surgery.