tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-03-03: milk deposition in women's mammary duct has been a potential risk factor of breast tumor
Authors: Z Xu, Y Gu, G Gong, Y Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: According to the pathology and general resection specimens, so many patients have breast tumors together with deposited milk. Therefore, we performed this retrospective study to determine the distribution and characteristics of breast diseases in women undergoing mammary ductoscopy and explore the clinical values and implications of mammary ductoscopy in the management of the breast diseases. Materials &amp; Methods: Total of 10,082 women(20,082 breasts) with a mean age of 39.2 years old (ranging from 12 to 84 years old) underwent mammary ductoscopy from 2002 to 2011. We studied NSND in contrast with SND duct, specially focused on the situation of duct with intraductal mass. Comparing with the pathology, we studied the relationship between duct milk deposition and epithelial hyperplasia. Results: From this study we concluded that duct milk deposition was a common disease in 25–59 years old women, it occupied 42.89% cases of the mammary ductal disease and almost 46% are NSND. The character of deposited milk became solid from liquid with the age growing up. Duct milk deposition 476/1431(33.26%)was mostly associated with intraductal masses(total 1431 cases), followed by duct dilatation 517/1431(36.13%). Pathology of patients diagnosed by FDS for duct milk deposition are epithelial hyperplasia(100%), adenosis(86.5%), chronic inflammation(8.8%), metaplasia(16.9), florid hyperplasia(10.8%), tumor-like hyperplasia (57.2%), intraductal tumor or fibroadenoma (27.8%), dysplasia (3.0%), breast cancer (11.7%). Discussion: Diagnosis of duct milk deposition, which may not necessarily presented by nipple discharge, is the most common finding and associated with proliferation and thus intraductal mass, etc. we should noticed 30–50 years old women groups, cause they have have stopped breast-feeding for years but still had yellow or brown, liquid or solid milk-like things in their lactiferous ducts. We predict duct milk deposition may be related with breast carcinogenesis. It is a kind of long time mechanical stimulation in the duct, both the physico-chemical properties and the acid-alkaline environment had changes by years. Still, the deposited milk would be a best medium for microbial and virus, which would cause the genesis of hyperplasia even breast cancer. Therefore, we should go on the research of deposited milk and the changes of the microenvironment of the duct to find the pathogenesis of breast disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-03.
Oral Contraception and Liver-function Tests
Authors: U. Larsson-Cohn
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Oral Contraceptives-Swyer and Little MEDICALTISHONAL thousand times more oestrogen than during the menstrual cycle.By the same token it may very well be that the livers of post- menopausal women are less well adapted to oestrogen inactivation than are those of women during the reproductive years; the evidence of altered liver function in post-menopausal women given oral contraceptives might for this reason be still less indicative of toxic change.
Serial recording of sensory evoked potentials: A noninvasive prognostic indicator in fulminant liver failure
Authors: Christian Madl, Georg Grimm, Peter Ferenci, Ludwig Kramer, Wafa Yeganehfar, Walter Oder, Rudolf Steininger, Christian Zauner, Klaus Ratheiser, Felix Stockenhuber, Kurt Lenz
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Sensory evoked potentials are markedly changed in patients with fulminant liver failure. It is unknown, however, whether serial recordings of sensory evoked potentials provide useful prognostic informations for patient management in fulminant liver failure. Ninety recordings of bilateral median nerve—stimulated short-and long-latency sensory evoked potentials were performed in 25 patients with fulminant liver failure (9 patients spontaneously recovered and survived, 8 patients were referred to emergency liver transplantation and 8 patients died). In all nine survivors the cortical long-latency sensory evoked potential N70 peak was constantly detectable between 74 and 162 ms. In all eight patients who subsequently underwent liver transplantation and in seven of eight patients who died, loss of the N70 peak developed during the course of fulminant liver failure. In 4 of 15 patients who were selected for liver transplantation according to the King's College criteria, the N70 peak was constantly detectable. All four transplantation candidates spontaneously recovered and survived without transplantation. In contrast, eight patients never did fulfill the criteria for liver transplantation. Five of them with constantly detectable N70 peak recovered spontaneously. However, in the remaining three patients loss of the N70 peak developed, and they ultimately died. The probability of correct outcome prediction by sensory evoked potentials is superior to that based on clinical criteria alone (0.96 vs. 0.72). Therefore serial recording of sensory evoked potentials may help identify (a) a subgroup among liver transplantation candidates who may spontaneously recover without transplantation and (b) a subgroup of patients with severe brain dysfunction who should undergo early liver transplantation even though they do not fulfill King's College criteria. (Hepatology 1994;20:1487–1494).
Diet and athletics.
Authors: M. Hyman
Journal: BMJ (1970)

of being able to distinguish autosomal reces- sive cases.We need no longer be quite so cautious about genetic heterogeneity in giving genetic counsel, in evaluating methods of carrier detection, in investigating the mechanism, or in attempting the treatment of the disease.A minor consequence is that we may now assume that all mothers of isolated cases who are not carriers of the X-linked gene are ipso facto the mothers of new mutants.By proportional studies of the rate of detection of such mothers and of known carriers by serum creatine kinase estimation, together with a count of the incidence of isolated cases in the population, it is possible to make a relatively direct estimate of the mutation rate.In the North of England it is about 10-5 x 10-5 per gene per generation2-a very high figure, which is, however, confirmed by the use of Hal- dane's classical indirect method.-Iam, etc.,
JAK2V617F allele burden, JAK2 46/1 haplotype and clinical features of Chinese with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: J. Wang, Z. Xu, L. Liu, R. P. Gale, N. C. P. Cross, A. V. Jones, T. Qin, X. Ai, J. Xu, T. Zhang, X. Sun, Q. Li, P. Zhang, Ye Zhang, Z. Xiao
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Orthotopic replacement of the aortic valve with decellularized allograft in a sheep model
Authors: Hassina Baraki, Igor Tudorache, Maike Braun, Klaus Höffler, Adelheid Görler, Artur Lichtenberg, Christopher Bara, Alex Calistru, Gudrun Brandes, Marion Hewicker-Trautwein, Andres Hilfiker, Axel Haverich, Serghei Cebotari
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
A painter's writings
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

If the artistic muse rewarded effort and devotion alone, Benjamin Robert Haydon (1786-1846) would have been the greatest artist who ever lived. Often, and for years, he worked 16 hours or more a day at his art; he suffered every kind of deprivation for it. Alas, try as he might, he could rarely get things right. After his tragic death aged 60 (he cut his own throat after failing to kill himself with a gun), Dickens wrote with obvious regret, “All his life [Haydon] had utterly mistaken his vocation. No amount of sympathy with him and sorrow for him in his manly pursuit of a wrong idea for so many years . . . ought to prevent one from saying …
334. A Novel Sequence-Specific Anti-Gene LNA Molecule and Its Comparison to Tail-Clamp bisPNA
Authors: Rongbin Ge, Juhana E. Heinonen, Mathias G. Svahn, Abdalla J. Mohamed, Karin E. Lundin, C.I. Edvard Smith
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
Locked Nucleic Acids (LNA) are synthetic analogs of nucleic acids, which contain a bridging methylene carbon between the 2’ and 4’ positions of the ribose ring. In this study, we generated a novel sequence-specific anti-gene LNA molecule, which induced effective binding into DNA duplexes and potent inhibition of gene transcription in the mammalian cells (|[ge]| 90 %). By comparing the novel anti-gene LNA construct with traditional LNA oligonucleotides as well as a tail-clamp bisPNA (Peptide Nucleic Acid) directed against the same target sites, respectively, we found that the novel LNA construct had unique properties for inducing gene silencing in mammalian cells. Silencing was also seen using PNA, but at doses higher than required for saturated binding suggesting the formation of inhibitory supramolecular complexes. To our knowledge, this is the first time that in mammalian cells, gene transcription was blocked by a nucleic acid analog in a sequence-specific way using low, but saturated binding of a blocking agent. This offers a novel type of anti-gene drug, which is easy to synthesize.
Resection Rate and Outcome of Pulmonary Resections for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Nationwide Study From Iceland
Authors: Hunbogi Thorsteinsson, Asgeir Alexandersson, Gudrun N. Oskarsdottir, Rut Skuladottir, Helgi J. Isaksson, Steinn Jonsson, Tomas Gudbjartsson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Genomic Instability of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Overexpressing a Truncated Form of EMSY
Authors: Afshin Raouf, Lindsay Brown, Nikoleta Vrcelj, Karen To, Winnie Kwok, David Huntsman, Connie J. Eaves
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

The EMSY gene encodes a protein that interacts with Brca2 and is amplified in some sporadic cases of human breast cancer. To examine whether overexpression of EMSY would mimic the chromosome instability phenotype that is associated with the loss of Brca2 function, we constructed a lentiviral vector (Lenti-EMSY/GFP) that encodes a truncated form of the Emsy protein, including its Brca2-interacting domain, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) and used it to transduce human telomerase-immortalized human breast epithelial (184-hTert) cells, which have a nearly normal karyotype. At passage 5 after transduction, 39 (26%) of 150 EMSY/GFP-transduced metaphase cells contained at least one structural chromosomal abnormality compared with 19 (13%) of 150 GFP-transduced metaphase cells (P = .003, chi-square test); at passage 10, the corresponding frequencies were 42% and 15%, respectively (P < .001). Mitomycin C also produced a severalfold higher frequency of chromosome breaks in the EMSY/GFP-transduced cells than in the control cells. These results support the hypothesis that EMSY overexpression can play a role in the genesis of human breast cancer.
Are attitudes the problem, and do psychologists have the answer? Relational cognition underlies intergroup relations
Authors: Sven Waldzus, Thomas W. Schubert, Maria-Paola Paladino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract The focus on negative attitudes toward other groups has led to a dichotomy between the prejudice reduction and the collective action approach. To solve the resulting problems identified by Dixon et al., we suggest analyzing the psychological processes underlying the construction of relationships (and their alternatives) between own and other groups.
Antidiabetogenic Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (7–36)amide in Normal Subjects and Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: M Gutniak, C Orskov, J J Holst, B Ahrén, S Efendic
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (glucagon-like insulinotropic peptide, or GLIP) is a gastrointestinal peptide that potentiates the release of insulin in physiologic concentrations. Its effects in patients with diabetes mellitus are not known.We compared the effect of an infusion of GLIP that raised plasma concentrations of GLIP twofold with the effect of an infusion of saline, on the meal-related release of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in eight normal subjects, nine obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and eight patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The blood glucose concentrations in the patients with diabetes were controlled by a closed-loop insulin-infusion system (artificial pancreas) during the infusion of each agent, allowing measurement of the meal-related requirement for exogenous insulin. In the patients with IDDM, normoglycemic-clamp studies were performed during the infusions of GLIP and saline to determine the effect of GLIP on insulin sensitivity.In the normal subjects, the infusion of GLIP significantly lowered the meal-related increases in the blood glucose concentration (P less than 0.01) and the plasma concentrations of insulin and glucagon (P less than 0.05 for both comparisons). The insulinogenic index (the ratio of insulin to glucose) increased almost 10-fold, indicating that GLIP had an insulinotropic effect. In the patients with NIDDM, the infusion of GLIP reduced the mean (+/- SE) calculated isoglycemic meal-related requirement for insulin from 17.4 +/- 2.8 to 2.0 +/- 0.5 U (P less than 0.001), so that the integrated area under the curve for plasma free insulin was decreased (P less than 0.05) in spite of the stimulation of insulin release. In the patients with IDDM, the GLIP infusion decreased the calculated isoglycemic meal-related insulin requirement from 9.4 +/- 1.5 to 4.7 +/- 1.4 U. The peptide decreased glucagon and somatostatin release in both groups of patients. In the normoglycemic-clamp studies in the patients with IDDM, the GLIP infusion significantly increased glucose utilization (saline vs. GLIP, 7.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.6 +/- 0.4 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute; P less than 0.01).GLIP has an antidiabetogenic effect, and it may therefore be useful in the treatment of patients with NIDDM:
Group B Streptococcal Disease in the Era of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Authors: Stephanie J. Schrag, Sara Zywicki, Monica M. Farley, Arthur L. Reingold, Lee H. Harrison, Lewis B. Lefkowitz, James L. Hadler, Richard Danila, Paul R. Cieslak, Anne Schuchat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Group B streptococcal infections are a leading cause of neonatal mortality, and they also affect pregnant women and the elderly. Many cases of the disease in newborns can be prevented by the administration of prophylactic intrapartum antibiotics. In the 1990s, prevention efforts increased. In 1996, consensus guidelines recommended use of either a risk-based or a screening-based approach to identify candidates for intrapartum antibiotics. To assess the effects of the preventive efforts, we analyzed trends in the incidence of group B streptococcal disease from 1993 to 1998.Active, population-based surveillance was conducted in selected counties of eight states. A case was defined by the isolation of group B streptococci from a normally sterile site. Census and live-birth data were used to calculate the race-specific incidence of disease; national projections were adjusted for race.Disease in infants less than seven days old accounted for 20 percent of all 7867 group B streptococcal infections. The incidence of early-onset neonatal infections decreased by 65 percent, from 1.7 per 1000 live births in 1993 to 0.6 per 1000 in 1998. The excess incidence of early-onset disease in black infants, as compared with white infants, decreased by 75 percent. Projecting our findings to the entire United States, we estimate that 3900 early-onset infections and 200 neonatal deaths were prevented in 1998 by the use of intrapartum antibiotics. Among pregnant girls and women, the incidence of invasive group B streptococcal disease declined by 21 percent. The incidence among nonpregnant adults did not decline.Over a six-year period, there has been a substantial decline in the incidence of group B streptococcal disease in newborns, including a major reduction in the excess incidence of these infections in black infants. These improvements coincide with the efforts to prevent perinatal disease by the wider use of prophylactic intrapartum antibiotics.
The Danger of Giving Certificates of Physical Disability to Beggars.
Authors: T. F. Beveridge
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Muscatine, Iowa, Sept. 26, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A few days ago a man came into my office and asked that I give him a certificate as to the condition of his heart. He told me that he was on his way west to his family and that he was out of money, in a serious condition and was soliciting aid. I examined him and diagnosed aneurism of ascending aorta with mitral insufficiency. He stated that his trouble dated from last February, and that he had been before the medical class at Ann Arbor, Mich., and some other college, and had been told that he could not live long, and had certificates from a number of physicians in good standing. His case was so interesting from a medical standpoint, per auscultation, that I called in a nearby colleague, Dr. A. J. Oliver, who examined him and concurred in my diagnosis,
Costoclavicular Syndrome
Authors: Travis Winsor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

One-hundred patients with symptoms in the hands from costoclavicular compression of the neurovascular bundle were studied. The plethysmograph, with a new set of maneuvers, showed pulses absent in the arms in certain positions in 94% of the patients. As controls, 50 patients, without the costoclavicular syndrome were studied. These patients had no symptoms in the hands. With the same set of maneuvers, the plethysmograph showed an absence of pulses in 86% of those tested. It is believed that the newly described maneuvers for the detection of the costoclavicular syndrome reveal the frequent occurrence of this condition. The maneuvers can be employed clinically or plethysmographically.
Hepatocyte apoptosis: Is transforming growth factor-B1 the kiss of death?
Authors: Nelson Fausto
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

In previous studies hepatocytes undergoing cell death by apoptosis but not normal hepatocytes in rat liver showed immunostaining for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Staining was much stronger with antibodies recognizing the pro-region of TGF-β1 than the mature peptide itself. Therefore we investigated the ability of both forms of TGF-β1 to induce apoptosis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Mature TGF-β1 induced rounding up of the cells and fragmentation into multiple vesicles. As revealed by the DNA-specific stain H33258, the chromatin of these cells condensed and segregated into masses at the nuclear membrane; this was obviously followed by fragmentation of the nucleus. Ultrastructurally the cytoplasm was well preserved, as demonstrated by the presence of intact cell organelles. These features strongly suggest the occurrence of apoptosis. Quantification of nuclei with condensed chromatin revealed that mature TGF-β1 was 30-fold more effective than the TGF-β1 latency-associated protein complex. Finally, we administered TGF-β1 in vivo using an experimental model in which regression of rat liver was initiated by a short preceding treatment with the hepatomitogen cyproterone acetate. Two doses of TGF-β1, each 1 nM/kg, augmented the incidence of apoptotic hepatocytes 5-fold. Equimolar doses of TGF-β1 latency-associated protein complex were ineffective. These studies suggest that TGF-β1 is involved in the initiation of apoptosis in the liver and that the mature form of TGF-β1 is the active principle.
Clinical Lecture on Certain Cases of Lung-Disease Resembling Acute Phthisis
Authors: A. T. H. Waters
Journal: BMJ (1886)

fBITISHIMDIGAL J 2 nodules in the neighbouring skin, the scar itself being apparently healthy It has been remarked-1'y a thougahtful surgeon, that he who values his peace of mind will never operate for cancer of the breast.That same silrgeon would, howtever, be th-le first to -admit that the mental ease of the practltioner is iaot to count before the physical well-being df the.p4tient.It is afterwtards a great comfort to a patient to fel that s has hbd the Privilege of operation, even though there be' reejr&Wn'6e of the disease.As't!We adYa:nces, it will probably be found that operative surgery can be of yet greater service in 'reudering canicer asttictly local disease.If so, the first idvance will likely be m-ade in dealing tith the enlarged cervical 's praclavicular-glands, which are infected after invasion of the axillary lymphaties, through the apex of the axilla and beneath' the claVicle.Althoogh the can be plled down by the fingers and for'eps in the~armpit, especially if, at the sate time, pressure be made from above the clavicle, still, the better wy will probably be to extract tLheriiby a direct incision at the root '6f' the neck, after the clearanec of the arinpit.Aft,r operation, the-patient shotuld present herself for inspection by- the9'suitgeon 'at regular intervals, say of six weeks or two months ; so that, in case of recurrence of the disease, no time may be lost in operating again.Then, in case of suspicious fulness about the axilla, or of hardness about the scar, the cicatrix may be.wvidely removed, 'and the armpit again ex-amined, and, if necessary, cleared out. to have operated oilee should not suffice; .timeafter time must the attack be renewed, whilst there is prospect of operating
Alcohol Intake and Hypertension
Authors: GARY D. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

In several studies, persons drinking relatively large amounts of alcohol were found to have higher average blood pressures. The association between alcohol and blood pressure is not explained by adiposity; reported use of salt, coffee, or cigarettes; or by under-reporting of alcohol intake. We examined 12-year follow-up data on two matched groups of 850 hypertensive patients each; one group reported an intake of at least three alcoholic drinks per person per day, and the other group, fewer than three per day or none. Except for a lower rate of hospitalization for coronary disease, for which alcohol may be protective, cardiovascular complications leading to hospitalization or death had similar frequency in the two groups. These preliminary findings suggest that presumed alcohol-induced hypertension is as harmful as other forms of hypertension. A method for distinguishing alcohol-induced from non-alcohol-induced hypertension in drinkers is needed.
Regular short haemodialysis in end-stage renal failure.
Authors: A M Martin, A Oduro-Dominah, J K Gibbins, D Devapal, D C Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A study was made of thrice weekly haemodialysis of 3-3 1/2 hours9 duration using a large surface area dialyser in patients with end-stage renal failure. Body water, potassium, and blood pressure control were satisfactory and comparable with the more widely used long dialysis schedules (6-9 hours thrice weekly). Patient rehabilitation was improved overall and the regimen enabled the dialysis unit to treat more patients despite a reduction in technical and nursing staff. The technique proved inadequate, however, in two patients with an intercurrent infection, and more intensive dialysis in recommended in such cases.