tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4543: Uptake of 18F-FDOPA analogue 3H-L-DOPA is mediated by large neutral amino acid transporter LAT1 in human glioblastoma
Authors: Ryan S. Youland, Gaspar J. Kitange, Jenny L. Pokorny, Jann N. Sarkaria
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The L-Type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) transports large neutral amino acids across the plasma membrane in a variety of cells. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the amino acid tracer 6-18F-fluoro-L-dopa (18F-FDOPA) provides useful histological information in human gliomas in addition to providing better localizing information then CT or MRI alone. This study is the first to correlate LAT1 expression with uptake of the 18F-FDOPA analog, 3H-L-DOPA in human glioblastomas. METHODS: Endogenous expression of LAT1 was evaluated in two established glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines and three primary GBM xenografts using Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Uptake of FDOPA was assessed in vitro using 3H-L-DOPA as an analog to 18F-FDOPA. Knockdown of LAT1 expression was achieved by lentiviral expression of anti-LAT1 shRNA in GBM lines with high LAT1 expression. The effect of LAT1 knockdown on 3H-L-DOPA uptake was then quantified. RESULTS: Results from Western blotting and qRT-PCR demonstrate that LAT1 is variably expressed in GBM. Levels of 3H-L-DOPA uptake were directly related to LAT1 expression (p&amp;lt;0.001) across the 5 lines. Knockdown of LAT1 was achieved in T98 cells (knockdown efficiency = 82.8%) and xenograft GBM 28 (knockdown efficiency = 73.7%) as confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Knockdown of LAT1 reduced 3H-L-DOPA uptake by 57.2% (p&amp;lt;0.0001) in T98 and 52.1% in GBM 28 (p&amp;lt;0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of 3H-L-DOPA uptake being driven by LAT1 in human GBM. Our findings suggest LAT1 as a transporter of 18F-FDOPA in GBM. Additional studies are underway to correlate LAT1 expression with PET 18F-FDOPA uptake in patients with GBM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4543. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4543
Gene Expression of Glucokinase Regulatory Protein in Regenerating Rat Liver
Authors: J L Rosa, J X Pérez, M Detheux, E Van Schaftingen, R Bartrons
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of glucokinase, and the concentration and mRNA levels of its regulatory protein, were analyzed during liver regeneration. The activity of glucokinase and the concentration of its regulatory protein decreased to 30% and 50%, respectively, after liver resection, remaining low after 1 week. No significant variations in the level of these proteins were found in sham-operated animals. The regulatory protein/glucokinase molar ratio increased during the replicative phase, to a maximum at 48 hours. The mRNA levels of glucokinase and of its regulatory protein decreased rapidly after partial hepatectomy to minimum values at 6 hours (15%) and at 12 hours (4%), respectively, returning to normal values at 24 hours and 168 hours, respectively. Sham-operated animals showed a similar decrease in mRNA levels during the prereplicative phase of liver regeneration, suggesting that the initial effects observed in the gene expression of these proteins were due to surgical stress. During the replicative phase, a specific inhibition of the regulatory protein's gene expression was observed in the regenerating liver. A decrease in the content of regulatory protein and the glucokinase activity, and an increase in the molar ratio of these two proteins correlate with the observed decrease in glycolytic flux, providing further evidence that the phosphorylation of glucose is a control point in the glycolytic/gluconeogenic flux during liver regeneration.
THE PHYSICIAN AND THE STATE.Read in the Section on State Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association held at San Francisco, June5-S, 1S94.
Authors: CHAS. E. WINSLOW
Journal: JAMA (1894)

" An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure," is a truth that can not be gainsaid. The Great Physician had that in view, when from Sinai's Mount he gave Moses the sanitary laws that were to govern the Hebrew children. If laws for public health were necessary, then, how much more are they needed now. With the great advance in intelligence, ways of living have changed which call for better sanitary care. The onward march of civilization has blotted out the plague and pestilence of olden times, but with this new civilization have come new diseases, which must be controlled by the best scientific methods of the times. A large amount of the sickness that falls to the lot of humanity is preventable. The value of preventive medicine has been repeatedly proved. More people die of disease caused by neglect of the Jaws of health than by
Skin as a Sensory Organ
Authors: William Montagna
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Skin has guarded jealously its biological mysteries and secrets and has given these up with great reluctance. A vast number of intricate nervous structures, partly autonomic and partly sensory, has invaded every level of the skin: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis, the hair follicles, the sebaceous and sweat glands, the smooth muscle, and the vascular elements are all entwined by these nerves. Since all cutaneous structures are notably different from region to region and from individual to individual, any attempt to attribute specific sensory functions to specific anatomical nervous entities is difficult. The book's section on the anatomy of cutaneous sensory nerves is long and tedious. Too much space is devoted to philosophical asides and to concepts which are of little consequence. Descriptions and discussions of the innervation of the various cutaneous appendages are long, vague, diffuse, and confusing. There is no clear account of the distribution of
Differential Influence of LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides on Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Cristina Hernández, Pilar Chacón, Luis García-Pascual, Rafael Simó
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

To evaluate the relationship between plasma lipid profiles and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations in diabetic patients, taking into account the Lp(a) phenotype.We included 191 consecutive diabetic outpatients (69 type 1 and 122 type 2 diabetic patients) in a cross-sectional study Serum Lp(a) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Lp(a) phenotypes were assessed by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting. The statistical methods included a stepwise multiple regression analysis using the Lp(a) serum concentration as the dependent variable. The lipid profile consisted of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, corrected LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins AI and B.In the multiple regression analysis, LDL cholesterol (positively) and triglycerides (negatively) were independently related to the Lp(a) concentration, and they explained the 6.6 and 7.8% of the Lp(a) variation, respectively. After correcting LDL cholesterol, the two variables explained 3.8 and 6.4% of the Lp(a) variation, respectively. In addition, we observed that serum Lp(a) concentrations were significantly lower in patients with type IV hyperlipidemia (mean 1.0 mg/dl [range 0.5-17], n = 16) than in normolipidemic patients (6.5 mg/dl [0.5-33.5], n = 117) and in type II hyperlipidemic patients (IIa 15.5 mg/dl [3.5-75], n = 13; IIb 9 mg/dl [1-80], n = 45); P < 0.001 by analysis of variance.Lp(a) concentrations were directly correlated with LDL cholesterol and negatively correlated with triglyceride levels in diabetic patients. Therefore, our results suggest that the treatment of diabetic dyslipemia may indirectly affect Lp(a) concentrations.
A Medical Weekly Criticised.
Authors: Francis M. Harrington
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Pawtucket, R: I., Oct. 2, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am glad you noticed the editorial of a certain medical journal reflecting upon the physicians who attended our late lamented President. It is a deplorable state of affairs when a journal that should be cautious and dignified, rushes into print editorially with a hysterical attack upon the good name of our profession backed by nothing but hearsay. The proceeding was a disgrace to journalism and if I were a subscriber of this weekly I should consider it a duty to myself and my profession to refuse to accept it in the future. According to certain "yellow newspapers" this medical publication is the "mouthpiece of the profession." Where those poor deluded scribes got the information I can not imagine, but sufficient to say they never heard of the American Medical Association orThe Journal, or of a number of other favorably
Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology, 2nd edn, vols 1 and 2: Edited by R M Gore, M S Levine. UK: Harcourt Publishers Ltd, 2000, 265, illustrated, pp 2261. ISBN 072167836
Authors: S Halligan
Journal: Gut (2002)

With Margulis and Burhenne's Alimentary Tract Radiology currently out of print, the Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology is the only large all encompassing reference text for gastrointestinal radiologists and interested gastroenterologists. This is the second edition and its predecessor was never far from my hand, especially when a particularly difficult or obscure differential diagnosis was required. While reviewing a book can sometimes be a necessary chore, this is a delight, not least because it is an essential purchase for any aspiring gastrointestinal radiologist.

This large two volume set attempts to cover the whole gamut of gastrointestinal radiology, both luminal and solid organ, in 131 chapters. The editors state their aim …
Environmental Quality: Its Significance in Our Society
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Seventy years ago the conquest of tuberculosis appeared to be an insurmountable task. However, voluntary health workers promoted radical new concepts: free hospital care; salaried physicians; mass screening; isolation of the contagious from home, family, and society; special tax levies; and intensive public education. It has taken 70 years of intensive cooperative effort on the part of the public and private agencies to control tuberculosis and to move within sight of eliminating it. We face a similar but much larger task with the diseases caused by environmental pollution. Although our primary concern is with air pollution and its effect on health, we cannot deal with this as a separate entity independent of water pollution, waste disposal, and population growth. They are interrelated, and our real concern is environmental quality and its effect on health. Let us now examine the component parts of the problem that confronts us. People are the
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION
Authors: Elvin A. Kabat, C. Phillip Miller, Hilda Kaiser, Alice Z. Foster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

1. The quantitative method for the estimation of agglutinins has been applied to antimeningococcal horse, rabbit, and chicken sera and to the sera of humans convalescing from meningococcus meningitis. The type-specific and group-specific agglutinin N can be measured, using homologous and heterologous suspensions of meningococci. 2. Type I horse, rabbit, and chicken antimeningococcal sera contain considerable amounts of antibody which cannot be removed either by Type II meningococcus suspension or by preparations of the Type I specific polysaccharide. This residual type-specific antibody has marked potency in protecting mice against subsequent infection with meningococci. 3. Most human convalescent sera contain group-specific antibody. Small amounts of protective antibody and of antipolysaccharide are also formed. 4. Type I antisera absorbed with Type I polysaccharide and with Type II meningococci could be used as a guide in the purification of this new antigen.
Risks of Nuclear Energy and Low-Level Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Theodore C. Doege
Journal: JAMA (1981)

NEUTRONS produced by the controlled fissioning of uranium at the University of Chicago in December 1942 signaled the beginning of the atomic age. Thirty-nine years later, US citizens are realizing some of the benefits of atomic energy: at present, 12% of all electricity generated in this country derives from that source. Physicians are more involved with ionizing radiation than the average person. Not only do they use electric power, but also they prescribe medical procedures, such as the use of radioisotopes and x-rays, that add to their patients' radiation exposure. It is appropriate, then, that they be knowledgeable about the health consequences of ionizing radiation and nuclear energy. To that end, the American Medical Association has issued several reports on those subjects,<sup>1,2</sup>and in June 1981, the AMA's House of Delegates approved the conclusions and recommendations of the most recent one, "Risks of Nuclear Energy and Low-Level Radiation." These
Beneficial Effect of Oral Lithium Carbonate in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cholera Syndrome
Authors: Stephen J. Pandol, Louis Y. Korman, Denis M. McCarthy, Jerry D. Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

PANCREATIC cholera syndrome is characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea and hypokalemia associated with a non-beta islet-cell neoplasm of the pancreas.1 About half the patients with the syndrome have metastases at diagnosis2; chemotherapy with streptozocin can produce remissions.1 In patients without metastases, the disease may be cured by resection of the tumor.2 Agents such as prednisone3 and indomethacin4 may reduce or abolish the diarrhea.We demonstrate that oral lithium therapy can substantially reduce diarrhea in a patient with pancreatic cholera.Case ReportA 60-year-old woman had had diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cholera syndrome caused by a metastatic non-beta islet-cell carcinoma. . . .
The Value of the Selenomethionine Se 75 Scan in Preoperative Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Walter DiGiulio
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The selenomethionine Se 75 scan was performed in 42 patients with a clinical diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. The scan correctly localized the abnormal gland in 13 of 23 patients with proven parathyroid adenoma. The parathyroid scan was not helpful in seven patients with parathyroid hyperplasia. Size was the most important factor contributing to visualization of parathyroid adenomas. Adenomas larger than 2 gm were consistently visualized while those weighing less than 1 gm were commonly not detected by the scan. High background over the mediastinum precludes the possibility of detecting most mediastinal adenomas by this technique. The value of the selenomethionine Se 75 parathyroid scan is thus limited in patients with small adenomas or hyperplastic glands and in patients with adenomas or hyperplastic glands lying deep in the thorax.
Excitation-contraction coupling in normal and myopathic hamster hearts I: Identification of a calcium pool involved in contraction
Authors: T. S. MA, L. E. BAILEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

The results of this study indicate that two min of Ca-free perfusion did not significantly alter the exchange kinetics of mannitol or Ca in isolated heart preparations. A numerical solution for series Ca exchange between a superficial Ca pool, Ca1, and an intracellular pool, Ca2, was developed in terms of the coefficients and constants determined from a parallel analysis. The series and parallel models for Ca efflux yielded a high correlation between contractile activity and the rate of exchange and Ca content of Ca1. The kinetics of Ca influx were best described by a series model of exchange and agreed closely with the Ca contents and exchange properties measured during Ca efflux. No differences were detected between normal and myopathic hamster hearts in the kinetics of Ca exchange or the role of Ca1 in the E-C coupling process.
Decreased lung function after preschool wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in children at risk to develop asthma
Authors: Theresa W. Guilbert, Anne Marie Singh, Zoran Danov, Michael D. Evans, Daniel J. Jackson, Ryan Burton, Kathy A. Roberg, Elizabeth L. Anderson, Tressa E. Pappas, Ronald Gangnon, James E. Gern, Robert F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
The Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on the Induction of Differentiation in Chondrosarcoma Cells
Authors: Riku Sakimura, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Syunsaku Yamamoto, Tomoya Matsunobu, Xu Li, Masuo Hanada, Takamitsu Okada, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Yang Li, Yukihide Iwamoto
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Histologically, chondrosarcomas represent the degree of chondrogenic differentiation, which is associated with the prognosis of the disease. Histone acetylation and deacetylation play key roles in the regulation of chondrocytic differentiation. Here, we describe the antitumor effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as differentiating reagents on chondrosarcomas. Experimental Design: We examined the effects of a HDAC inhibitor, depsipeptide, on the growth of chondrosarcoma cell lines. We also investigated the modulation of the expression levels of extracellular matrix genes and the induction of phenotypic change in chondrosarcoma cells treated with depsipeptide. Finally, we examined the antitumor effect of depsipeptide on chondrosarcoma in vivo. Results: Depsipeptide inhibited the growth of chondrosarcoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. HDAC inhibitors increased the expression of the α1 chain of type II collagen (COL2A1) gene due to the enhanced histone acetylation in the promoter and enhancer. Depsipeptide also up-regulated the expressions of aggrecan and the α2 chain of type XI collagen (COL11A2) mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, long-term treatment with a low dose of depsipeptide resulted in the induction of differentiation into hypertrophic phenotype, as shown by the increment of the α1 chain of type X collagen (COL10A1) expression in chondrosarcoma cells. In vivo studies and histologic analyses confirmed that depsipeptide significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced differentiation into the hypertrophic and mineralized state in chondrosarcoma cells. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that HDAC inhibitors may be promising reagents for use as a differentiating chemotherapy against chondrosarcomas.
ABC of vascular diseases. Trauma.
Authors: A. O. Mansfield, J. H. Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (1992)

(Left) Fracture of shaft of femur with associated superficial femoral artery occlusion?easy to miss, but easy to repair. (Right) Comminuted fracture of tibia with popliteal artery occlusion?difficult to miss, and difficult to repair. The diagnosis of vascular trauma is often either overlooked or delayed. Vascular injury should always be suspected in a patient who has had a road traffic accident and is shocked, or after any kind of penetrating injury such as a knife or gunshot wound. The most commonly missed injuries, however, are those associated with fractures of the long bones and dislocations. There is also an increasing number of iatrogenic injuries.
Antibiotic resistance in Serratia marcescens
Authors: S. Hudson, R Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1984)

SIR,-In the leading article on antibiotic resistance in Serratia marcescens we were surprised to find no mention of the usefulness of ceftazidime.This third generation cephalosporin is now accepted to be useful in the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram negative organisms, including S mar- cescens.1We have found S marcescens isolated from patients in this hospital to be universally sensitive to ceftazidime, with no emergence of resistance to this agent, either during treat- ment or in subsequent isolates.Indeed, two patients who received two seven day courses of ceftazidime with apparent success had undergone renal transplantation.The urine of these patients remained sterile for periods ranging from four weeks to four months.It is also of interest that we have been unable to show the faecal carriage of S marcescens in these patients and to note that they had both received prior aminoglycoside treatment and that the organisms had subsequently become resistant to these agents.Our experience, that S marcescens remains sensitive to ceftazidime after its use, differs from that of others (3 December, p 1701)2 but this may be a reflection of other variables, such as use of antibiotics, which may affect the way in which resistant organisms emerge.
Onset, Early Stages, and Prognosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Clinical Study of 100 Patients with 11-year Follow-up
Authors: R. K. Jacoby, M. I. V. Jayson, J. A. Cosh
Journal: BMJ (1973)

One hundred patients with "definite" or "classical" rheumatoid arthritis were followed in a hospital clinic from within one year of the onset of the arthritis. The average interval between onset and first attendance was 3·7 months. Onset was commoner in the winter, transient prodromal symptoms being noted in 23, with possible precipitating factors in 14. The serum rheumatoid factor test was positive at some time in 88. The patients were reassessed between eight and 14 years later. Seventeen died during this period, five possibly as a result of the disease or its treatment. The remaining patients had improved as a whole in terms of the blood sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, titre of the rheumatoid factor test, and status of the disease, but there was an overall deterioration in functional capacity. Both the rheumatoid factor titre and the functional capacity at an earlier review could be directly correlated with the outcome, but other factors were not found to influence the ultimate prognosis.
Fundamentals of Clinical Trials
Authors: George G. Rhoads
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The randomized clinical trial has become a significant career focus for an eclectic group of professionals, which includes physicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, computer specialists, compliance experts, nurse coordinators, and others. A society for clinical trials has evolved, which now has about 1500 members and publishes a quarterly journal. Courses in clinical trials are widely available, and several books have appeared to summarize the considerable practical experience and burgeoning methodological literature. Friedman and his collaborators brought out one of the first of these in 1981, which they have now updated. It is a well-written little book, which can be read in a day or so but could equally well serve as the basis for a semester course. The basic concepts underlying clinical trials are easily grasped, so most of the subject matter is accessible to the statistically unsophisticated reader. The authors have organized the book around a series of "fundamental points," which
ARGUMENTS FAVORING A DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH.
Authors: LISTON H. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Some of you perhaps may have views and ideas that are not entirely in accord with those of the writer. It is natural to suppose that some of us have hobbies or fads in medicine in general, the science of hygiene, or upon some branch of scientic study or research. Emerson said, "Science surpasses the old miracles of mythology." It is with pardonable pride therefore that I offer this contribution and venture to briefly discuss this important subject, which as it appears to me, is one of the<i>most pressing needs of legislation that confronts us</i>and which our government can bestow and by so doing promote the welfare of the people of the United States. It is a well known fact that by the acts of our National legislators during the past few years hundreds of thousands of dollars have been appropriated and expended for agricultural pursuits including that