tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipoatrophy Following the Injection of Insulin
Authors: William S. Collens, Louis C. Boas, James D. Zilinsky, Jerome J. Greenwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

AMONG the many problems that have arisen since insulin was introduced as an agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is one concerned with the development of local fat atrophy at the site of insulin injections. Although of relatively infrequent occurrence, the problem has always proved to be very distressing to the patient because of the considerable amount of disfigurement it produces.Insulin lipoatrophy is a condition in which the subcutaneous fat disappears at the site of the insulin injection, leaving a depression in the skin (Fig. 1 and 2). It develops in some cases when the insulin is injected at . . .
Conjunctival involvement in pemphigus vulgaris: a clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescence study
Authors: EMMILIA HODAK, I. KREMER, M. DAVID, B. HAZAZ, A. ROTHEM, P. FEUERMAN, MIRIAM SANDBANK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Eleven patients with pemphigus vulgaris and with eye complaints had histopathological and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) studies on biopsies of their conjunctivae. In eight of the patients the ocular symptoms preceded the other manifestations of pemphigus. None of the 11 patients had any detectable conjunctival blisters or erosions. The conjunctivitis in three of the patients proved on histopathology and DIF to be a manifestation of pemphigus vulgaris. In the remaining patients, conjunctival hyperaemia with or without a mucoid discharge was observed, but there were no specific histopathological features, although one of them had a positive DIF.
Relationship of anaemia and hypoproteinaemia to the functional and structural changes in the small bowel in hookworm disease.
Authors: B N Tandon, A K Saraya, K Ramachandran, S K Sama
Journal: Gut (1969)

A variable proportion of patients with hookworm disease have functional and structural changes of the small bowel leading to the clinical features of malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies (Sheehy,
Production of cardiac muscle abnormalities in offspring of rats receiving triiodothyroacetic acid (triac) and the effect of beta adrenergic blockade
Authors: C. M HAWKEY, E. G J OLSEN, C. SYMONS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

As a part of a continuing study on the effects of thyroid hormones on heart muscle, triiodothyroacetic acid (triac), either alone or concurrently with propranolol, has been administered to rats during pregnancy. Control groups received either buffer or propranolol. Offspring, which were given no further treatment, were killed at intervals after birth and their hearts examined histologically, histochemically, and electron microscopically. At 2, 6, and 14 days, offspring of triac-treated rats showed cardiac hypertrophy and, at ultrastructural level, marked disarray of the myofibrils was present. By 28 days, arrangement of the myofibrils had become regular but hypertrophy persisted and was still found in rats examined at 56 days of age, after which time the myocardium was normal. Offspring of rats which had received propranolol at the same time as triac showed a similar pattern of hypertrophy but myofibrillar disarray was not found. Propranolol alone produced no abnormalities. These findings provide further evidence that thyroid hormone analogues can adversely affect heart muscle. When considered in conjunction with previous experiments which showed that thyroxine or triac cause severe hypertrophy but not disarray when given directly to growing rats, they suggest that thyroid hormones can produce a spectrum of abnormalities, thought to depend on the stage of myocardial development at which the stimulus is administered. In the present experiment, the triac-induced myofibrillar disarray but not the hypertrophy was prevented by propranolol, indicating that beta-adrenergic blockade or some other action of propranolol protects the developing myofibrils. Possible mechanisms for the adverse effects of thyroid hormones and the protective action of propranolol are discussed.
Nevirapine versus Ritonavir-Boosted Lopinavir for HIV-Infected Children
Authors: Avy Violari, Jane C. Lindsey, Michael D. Hughes, Hilda A. Mujuru, Linda Barlow-Mosha, Portia Kamthunzi, Benjamin H. Chi, Mark F. Cotton, Harry Moultrie, Sandhya Khadse, Werner Schimana, Raziya Bobat, Lynette Purdue, Susan H. Eshleman, Elaine J. Abrams, Linda Millar, Elizabeth Petzold, Lynne M. Mofenson, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Paul Palumbo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy is the predominant (and often the only) regimen available for children in resource-limited settings. Nevirapine resistance after exposure to the drug for prevention of maternal-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is common, a problem that has led to the recommendation of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir in such settings. Regardless of whether there has been prior exposure to nevirapine, the performance of nevirapine versus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir in young children has not been rigorously established.
Pulmonary hypertension in a murine model of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Authors: M N Gillespie, C L Hartsfield, W N O'Connor, D A Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Rapidly accumulating evidence suggests that a proportion of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease reminiscent of primary pulmonary hypertension. As an initial step to explore the link between AIDS and hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease, the present study determined whether pulmonary hypertension is present in a well-characterized murine model of retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency. In agreement with previous reports, mice infected with the LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus developed polyclonal B and T cell activation followed by progressive and severe B and T cell immunodeficiency. At 12 wk postinfection, when persistent immunodeficiency was established, mice were anesthetized, and right ventricular systolic pressure was determined in open-chest, mechanically ventilated animals. Mean right ventricular systolic pressure was 14.7 +/- 1.3 mm Hg in control animals and was increased significantly to 22.5 +/- 3.2 mm Hg in virus-infected mice. Right ventricular hypertrophy was also present in infected mice as evidenced by a 27% increase in the ratio of right to left ventricular weights; there were no group-dependent differences in the left ventricular to total-body weight ratio. Morphometric evaluation indicated that medial thickness in muscularized pulmonary arteries, expressed as a percentage of the external diameter, was 9.6 +/- 0.4% in control lungs and increased to 14.4 +/- 0.5% in lungs from infected animals. Qualitative histopathologic analysis suggested increased perivascular collagen deposition in lungs from infected animals relative to control animals. Unlike AIDS patients with pulmonary hypertension, infected mice did not exhibit plexiform lesions or intimal fibrosis of the pulmonary arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of Colonoscopy Teaching Simulation
Authors: C. Williams, B. Saunders, J. Bladen
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

After 17 years of prototyping, a first release version of the St Mark's Hospital teaching simulator is in final preparation. Advances in computer processing power and graphics cards make it possible to achieve real-time processing of colon and endoscope characteristics and a simulated endoscopic view at an acceptable cost. Realistic feel or "force feedback" for all instrument controls and shaft movements is incorporated. To make the simulator more than a "video game", a package of teaching and assessment features is to be incorporated, including interactive animated graphics to explain particular endoscope loops and situations and the variations of colonic anatomy that are typically encountered. Simulation should spare patients from being used for the early phases of training and should speed up and quantify the learning process. Simulators may introduce even experienced endoscopists to some of the advanced options available in current or future endoscopes or accessories, as well as the use of imminent new technology such as the magnetic imaging system.
Secretion of Calcitonin in Hypocalcemic States in Man
Authors: Leonard J. Deftos, David Powell, Jacqueline G. Parthemore, John T. Potts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The control of calcitonin secretion in humans has been studied extensively only in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma since the peripheral concentration of the hormone in normal subjects is too low for accurate measurement by existing assay procedures. However, we have recently found that the concentrations of calcitonin in the peripheral plasma of hypocalcemic subjects during provocative tests of hormone secretion were high enough to be measured by radioimmunoassay. Accordingly, the effect of calcium and pentagastrin infusions on plasma calcitonin was studied in nine patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, seven patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, and six patients with hypocalcemia not due to parathyroid disease. The infusion of calcium in these hypocalcemic subjects resulted in increases in plasma calcitonin to levels that could be readily detected by our radioimmunoassay. Pentagastrin infusion also caused an increase of plasma calcitonin in some subjects, but calcium was approximately 10 times more effective than gastrin in its stimulatory effect on hormone secretion. These results demonstrate that in humans as well as other mammals the secretion of calcitonin by parafollicular cells that are not involved by medullary thyroid carcinoma is directly related to plasma calcium and that gastrin can also stimulate hormone secretion. The results are consistent with the thesis that the secretion of calcitonin by normal human subjects does occur but at peripheral concentrations of the hormone below the detection limits of most existing immunoassays; hypocalcemia leads to increased stores of hormone that can be related by the appropriate stimuli.
Reply to Charles B. Simone II, Charles B. Simone's Letter to the Editor re: Firas Abdollah, Maxine Sun, Rodolphe Thuret, et al. A Competing-Risks Analysis of Survival After Alternative Treatment Modalities for Prostate Cancer Patients: 1988–2006. Eur Urol 2011;59:88–95
Authors: Firas Abdollah, Maxine Sun, Francesco Montorsi, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Primary care trusts are likely to "implode" before new structures are in place, doctors' leader says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Primary care trusts are in danger of “imploding” long before the deadline for their abolition, the chairman of the BMA GPs’ committee told a conference in London.

Expressing fears that the government’s reforms of the NHS in England were going faster than had been intended, Dr Laurence Buckman said that PCTs were in danger of losing their best managers before their formal abolition in 2013.

These managers were needed to make a success of GP commissioning, the cornerstone of the reforms. “We should have done it at a slower pace but I expect it will be a lot faster,” he said. “What worries many of us is seeing good managers made to feel they should flee. They will be needed and the …
Effects of Acetylcholine on Single Fibers of the Atrioventricular Node
Authors: PAUL F. CRANEFIELD, BRIAN F. HOFFMAN, ANTONIO PAES DE CARVALHO
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

The action of acetylcholine on atrioventricular nodal fibers has been studied with the aid of intracellular microelectrodes. It has been found that during total atrioventricular dissociation no block of conduction occurs at the junction between the A-V node and the bundle of His or within fibers of the atrium. Failure of impulse transmission occurs in fibers in the atrial margin of the A-V node. The application of acetylcholine produces characteristic changes in the action potentials of fibers in the atrial margin of the A-V node: depolarization becomes slow, amplitude falls and notching and slurring appear in the upstrokes. These observations support the concept that transmission of excitation through the A-V node is decremental and that the excitatory process in nodal fibers consists of more than one excitatory event.
Effects of Caffeine on Analgesia from Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Serge Marchand, Jinxue Li, Jacques Charest
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: The mechanism of the analgesia resulting from transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is not clear. A possible mediator of TENS analgesia is adenosine, formed from adenosi...
Hindsight and New Data Converge on Drug Policy
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

TREATMENT was the star when drug policy advisers from the Nixon through Clinton administrations gathered for the first time ever. The event was a symposium on "White House Drug Abuse Policy: Historical Perspectives, Lessons Learned, and Implications for Health Care Reform," sponsored by Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, Calif, and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), School of Medicine. It came on the heels of two studies (not published in journals), one by the state of California and one by RAND, Santa Monica, Calif, both of which conclude that treatment is highly cost-effective in reducing the consumption and consequences of illegal drugs. Cost consciousness is going to be key in fighting drug abuse, especially now that health system reform is being driven primarily by market forces, says John F. Alksne, MD, vice chancellor and health sciences dean at the UCSD School of Medicine. "We have to choose preventions that
Effects of nitroglycerin and nitroglycerin-methoxamine during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs with pre-existing multivessel coronary occlusive disease.
Authors: R W Myers, J L Scherer, R A Goldstein, R E Goldstein, K M Kent, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Nitroglycerin (TNG) reduces ischemic injury during acute coronary occlusion in dogs with otherwise normal coronary arteries, but its effect in the presence of pre-existing multivessel coronary disease is unknown. We therefore examined the influence of TNG on acute ischemia in dogs with chronic multivessel coronary occlusions. The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was acutely occluded by a balloon cuff in conscious dogs two weeks after placement of ameroid constrictors to produce gradual occlusion of the obtuse marginal and posterior descending coronary arteries. Adequacy of balloon and ameroid coronary occlusion and degree of collateralization were assessed by coronary angiography. Nitroglycerin decreased arterial pressure and increased heart rate. Myocardial ischemia, determined after LAD occlusion by summing ST-segment elevation (sigmaST) from eight intramyocardial electrodes, lessened with TNG in those six dogs whose heart rate increased less than 50 per cent, but increased in those four whose heart rate increased greater than 50 per cent. When TNG-induced change in either heart rate or arterial pressure was prevented by adding methoxamine, sigma ST was diminished even more (avg decrease 25 per cent; P smaller than 0.05). We conclude that, in the presence of pre-existing multivessel coronary occlusions, 1) TNG reduces ischemic injury during experimental acute coronary occlusion provided arterial pressure and heart rate responses are not excessive and 2) uniform improvement occurs when pressure and rate responses are abolished by an alpha-adrenergic agonist. Although results in animal studies must be extrapolated to the clinical situation with caution, these findings suggest that a similar pharmacologic approach might be applicable to the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in man, even in the presence of multivessel disease.
Multiple Lower-Extremity Fractures
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. R. J. Boyd: A psychiatrist was treating a 27-year-old school teacher for a depressive reaction in a severe hysterical character disorder. In spite of treatments she jumped from a fourth-story window in her third suicidal attempt.  On admission to the hospital, she was alert and responsive. Her neurological examination was normal. Her pulse rate was 120 beats per minute, and her blood pressure was 65/40 mm Hg. The osseous thorax was intact, but harsh, coarse breath sounds were heard in the lung bases bilaterally. Chest films were normal. Tenderness in the left lower abdominal quadrant and absence of bowel sounds were noted. Although two abdominal taps were negative for blood or fluid, a flat plate of the abdomen showed peculiar gas shadows lateral to the rectum. After placement of a Foley catheter into the bladder, clear urine was obtained.  A fractured pelvis and a comminuted open fracture of the
Paid Family Leave for Parents of Chronically Ill Children
Authors: John M. Neff
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HIV, Stigma, and Rates of Infection: But Is AIDS-Related Stigma Understood?
Authors: Arachu Castro
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

s PLoS Medicine, Daniel Reidpath and Kit Yee Chan challenge the widely cited link between HIV-related stigma and the spread of the epidemic [1].This is an important question, given the heavy emphasis on stigma in policies of the World Health Organization, the Joint United Programme on HIV/AIDS, and other public health institutions, but in making their argument Reidpath and Chan misrepresent the connections that other authors have made between stigma and viral transmission, ignore evidence that does suggest an association, and propose a model of their own for which they offer no evidence.HIV infection establishes itself fi rst in certain high-risk groups-men who have sex with men, intravenous drug users, sex workers, mobile populations-and only later moves into the general population.In the early stages of the epidemic, stigma facilitates transmission within high-risk groups, because these already marginalized groups receive little attention from policy makers and the health-care community and are further discriminated against when they are identifi ed with HIV and AIDS [2].Stigma also prevents or makes it more diffi cult for members of high-risk groups to access preventive services, including HIV antibody testing [3].Reidpath and Chan distort this dynamic by describing a model in which stigma leads to fear which leads to unsafe behavior.We know of no one who suggests that stigma causes sex between men or intravenous drug use.Instead, there is evidence that HIV-related stigma makes it diffi cult for people to take actions to reduce their risks; for example, by accessing HIV education [4], exchanging needles [5], and negotiating condom use [6].Stigma may even lead women who know they are HIV positive to breast-feed their infants rather than arouse suspicion of their serostatus through formula feeding [7].This undoubtedly increases the risk of vertical viral transmission.Reidpath and Chan go on to propose that stigma may actually "slow the spread of infection from those [highrisk] groups to the general population."Although there is a plausible logic to this suggestion, there is no evidence for it.Even if stigma does reduce the opportunities that marginalized groups have to transmit HIV to the broader population, this would have little effect on the dynamics of a generalized epidemic.While they recognize that stigma presents a barrier to the treatment and care of people living with HIV, Reidpath and Chan fail to recognize the association this may have with increased transmission.HIV-related stigma discourages people from disclosing their status, entering care, and adhering to antiretroviral regimens, all of which represent missed opportunities for prevention.Around the world HIV capitalizes on and reinforces social stigma and discrimination, especially the low status of women.Defeating the epidemic requires an honest examination of all these phenomena and interventions that target both the virus itself and its widespread social impacts.
Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Liver Disease.
Authors: J. R. Collins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Liver Disease.J. R. Collins, M.D., F.A.C.P., O. B. Crofford, M.D.J. R. Collins, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, O. B. Crofford, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1187_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn attempt was made to distinguish the glucose intolerance observed in patients with liver disease ("hepatogenic diabetes") from that seen in patients with genetically determined diabetes mellitus. Patients studied, matched for age and body weight, included 16 individuals with compensated liver disease, 16 with adult-onset diabetes mellitus (mean fasting serum glucose <100 mg/100 ml), and 9 controls.Serum glucose and insulin levels were measured during oral and intravenous (60 min continuous infusion, 120 min follow-up) glucose tolerance tests (GTT). Using data from the oral GTT, insulin secretory capacity (Seltzer and associates 1967) was calculated. After intravenous infusion the rate of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. R. Collins, M.D., F.A.C.P.; O. B. Crofford, M.D.Affiliations: Nashville, Tennessee PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGlucose tolerance, free fatty acid, and serum insulin responses in patients with cirrhosis 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1187-1187KeywordsBody weightDiabetes mellitusGlucoseGlucose intoleranceGlucose tolerance testsInsulinInsulin resistanceInsulin secretionLiver diseasesType 2 diabetes ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...