tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Tissue in Transplantation and Research: A Model Legal and Ethical Donation Framework
Authors: Ronald E. Domen
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
At Start of Second Smallpox-Free Decade, Debate Continues About Keeping Virus
Authors: Ken Sternberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE LAST CASE of smallpox was reported ten years ago, but the debate continues whether to maintain samples of the live virus. A year after the last-known case was reported, the World Health Organization (WHO)—in 1979—officially declared the disease eradicated. Several research facilities around the world then stored frozen samples for possible further viral studies. Today, only two sites continue to store the virus—the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, and the Research Institute of Viral Preparations, Moscow. <h3>Only Two Places?</h3> In fact, since it is "very unlikely that any viable smallpox virus exists anywhere else in the world," according to Kenneth Herrmann, MD, acting director of the CDC's Division of Viral Diseases, the question increasingly asked is: Why store this virus at all? Looking at the most unpleasant possibility, Australia's Frank Fenner, MD, former chair of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, writes in the WHO's
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: J. Griffiths, M. Rao
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In the first major study of its kind, the Climate Change Mitigation and Public Health Task Force, an international team of 55 researchers from nine countries chaired by Professor Sir Andy Haines, Director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, has modelled the health effects of different policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in high and low income countries. The Climate and Health Council, sponsored by the BMJ, was instrumental in making the case for the programme of work. The project was funded by the Wellcome Trust with a consortium of other funders.
Abstract P5-09-15: Polymorphism of the CYP2D6 gene in Brazilian women with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen
Authors: BB da Silva, RJ de Vasconcelos-Valença, PV Lopes-Costa, LH Gebrim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The prodrug tamoxifen is the standard endocrine treatment for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Its effect depends on activation by the CYP2D6 enzyme, which is encoded by a highly polymorphic gene that varies according to ethnicity. The most important polymorphic variants are *4 (abolished enzyme activity), *10 and *17 (decreased enzyme activity) found in 25%, 38-70% and 35% of Caucasians, Asians and Africans, respectively, resulting in low endoxifen levels (a major metabolite), a lack of response to tamoxifen and a poor prognosis. There is a widespread racial miscegenation in Brazil and the country's public health care system has made tamoxifen available and free of charge to all women with hormone-sensitive breast tumor despite the undetermined genetic profile of these patients.This study aims to evaluate polymorphism frequency of the CYP2D6*4, *10 and *17 alleles in Brazilian breast cancer patients under tamoxifen treatment and metabolism phenotype. Methods: The study was approved by the Internal Review Board of the Federal University of Piauí. All patients signed an informed consent term before study entry. Sixty-five women with estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and Her-2 negative breast carcinomas were enrolled in the study. A 3-ml peripheral blood sample was collected from each patient, using specific polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) to analyze haplotypes *1, *4, *10 and *17, determined by studies of different Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). Microsoft Office Excel software 2010 was used to compile and analyze the data obtained. Results: The frequency of CYP2D6 alleles *4, *10 and *17 was 17%, 37% and 3%, respectively. Haplotype *1/*10 was present in 26%, while the phenotype of intermediate metabolism occurred in 12% of the women studied. Conclusion: The present study showed a polymorphism frequency of CYP2D6, mainly of allele *10 and a deficiency in tamoxifen metabolism, characterized by intermediate metabolism in 12% of the women studied. Nevertheless, further studies must be developed with a larger sample of women to study not only the presence of the polymorphic variant but also disease prognosis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-09-15.
Reproductive toxins and alligator abnormalities at Lake Apopka, Florida.
Authors: J C Semenza, P E Tolbert, C H Rubin, L J Guillette, R J Jackson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The alligator population at Lake Apopka in central Florida declined dramatically between 1980 and 1987. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and specifically DDT metabolites have been implicated in the alligators' reproductive failure. The DDT metabolite hypothesis is based largely on the observation of elevated concentrations of p,p-DDE and p,p-DDD in alligator eggs obtained from Lake Apopka in 1984 and 1985. In the following commentary, we draw attention to two nematocides that are established reproductive toxins in humans, dibromochloropropane (DBCP) and ethylene dibromide (EDB), which could also have played a role in the reproductive failure observed in alligators from Lake Apopka in the early 1980s.
Effect of Splenectomy on the Response to Platelet Transfusion in Three Patients with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Frederick A. Flatow, Emil J. Freireich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE variability in the natural history of both acquired and idiopathic aplastic anemia makes it difficult to evaluate the success of any specific program of therapy. With careful attention to supportive care, including transfusion of whole blood and the use of antibiotics, spontaneous remissions do occur. The addition of corticosteroids, splenectomy and, most recently, testosterone to such programs has resulted in many reports of limited success in the treatment of this disease.1 2 3 4 5 However, with the most intensive efforts the prognosis in aplastic anemia remains poor. Even the more favorable studies report mortality rates higher than 50 per cent. In the . . .
Effective treatment of a colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever patient with anakinra
Authors: L. M Kuijk, A. M A P Govers, W. J D Hofhuis, J. Frenkel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disorder, characterized by periodic fever and serosal inflammation, often complicated by systemic amyloidosis. Maintenance treatment of FMF with colchicine can reduce disease activity and prevent amyloidosis. Some patients, however, fail colchicine therapy. Many reports have recently been published concerning the effective use of a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, in several closely related disorders.1–4 These results prompted us to use anakinra in a 14-year-old FMF patient who was unresponsive to colchicine therapy (2 mg/day). A diagnosis of FMF was confirmed by analysis of the MEFV gene (pM694V, M694I).

The …
Hypergammaglobulinaemia and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Authors: M R Ehrenstein, D A Isenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Hypergammaglobulinaemia is defined as an increase in immunoglobulins above the normal concentrations that occur in serum.IgG forms 80% (8-16 mg/ml) of the serum concentration of immunoglobulins in normal subjects but this percentage often increases in hypergammaglobulinaemia. IgG is further divided into four subclasses: IgGl-IgG4.IgGI accounts for 50% of the IgG, IgG2 for 25%, IgG3 for about 20%, and IgG4 for 5%.A more modest increase in IgM (normal range 0-5-2 mg/ml) and IgA (normal range 14-4 mg/ml) often accompanies the increase in IgG.Increase in IgE concen- trations is observed in atopic patients; increased IgD is rarely seen, but is associated with immune complex vasculitis.'
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Marathon Runners
Authors: Eelco F.M. Wijdicks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters19 December 2000Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Marathon RunnersEelco F.M. Wijdicks, MDEelco F.M. Wijdicks, MDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Wijdicks)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-12-200012190-00024 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a neurologist, I found it difficult not to respond to Ayus and colleagues' report (1). Before this preliminary communication is accepted as an original contribution to the literature, the neuroimaging and neurologic presentation should be clarified.Although it may appear as such, brain edema in young persons is notoriously difficult to assess on computed tomography (CT) scan because these patients may lack sulci on multiple CT scan cuts (2). Often, slices through the vertex region are needed to address the sulci pattern, and only the disappearance of basal cistern and disappearance of white- and gray-matter differentiation ...References1. Ayus JC, Varon J, Arieff AI. Hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in marathon runners. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:711-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Wijdicks EF. Neurologic Catastrophes in the Emergency Department. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2000. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Wijdicks) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHyponatremia, Cerebral Edema, and Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Marathon Runners J. Carlos Ayus , Joseph Varon , and Allen I. Arieff Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Marathon Runners Arthur J. Siegel Metrics Cited byPulmonary edema during the Boston MarathonA Study of Serum Sodium Level Among Hong Kong Runners 19 December 2000Volume 133, Issue 12Page: 1010-1011KeywordsBrainCerebellumComputed axial tomographyEdemaHeartHyponatremiaMagnetic resonance imagingNeuroimaging ePublished: 19 December 2000 Issue Published: 19 December 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Use of Tomography and Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Nonopaque Renal Calculi
Authors: Richard E. Brennan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE PYELOGRAPHIC finding of a nonopaque filling defect in the renal pelvis is a difficult diagnostic problem. Many pathological processes, including blood clot, transitional cell carcinoma, and calculus, may present as an isolated defect in the opacified renal pelvis. Clinical findings, laboratory data, urine cytology, and serial urograms may provide helpful information. Not uncommonly, however, these studies are not diagnostic, and more invasive procedures such as renal arteriography, percutaneous or retrograde brush biopsy, or surgery are necessary. Arteriography and brush biopsy are frequently inconclusive, while surgical exploration of the renal pelvis when tumor is present risks spillage of tumor cells. The accurate diagnosis of nonopaque calculi would obviate the need for more invasive studies in most patients with nonopaque filling defects of the renal pelvis. In this communication the authors will emphasize the use of linear and computerized tomography (CT) as well as ultrasound in the diagnosis of nonopaque or
Filaggrin gene mutations are not associated with food and aeroallergen sensitization without concomitant atopic dermatitis in adults
Authors: Jacob P. Thyssen, Line Tang, Lise Lotte N. Husemoen, Steen Stender, Pal B. Szecsi, Torkil Menné, Jeanne D. Johansen, Allan Linneberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
The homeostatic function of the colon in acute gastroenteritis
Authors: R. D. Rubens, H. P. Lambert
Journal: Gut (1972)

Infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis have been studied with regard to stool electrolyte composition, external electrolyte balance, and aldosterone excretion. At the height of fluid depletion the stool sodium concentrations are low (median 8 m-equiv/1, range 3-58 m-equiv/1). The results indicate that in gastroenteritis the colon is responding homeostatically to a state of secondary hyperaldosteronism, thus assisting in sodium conservation.
Localization of radiolabeled cardiac myosin-specific antibody in myocardial infarcts. Comparison with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate.
Authors: G A Beller, B A Khaw, E Haber, T W Smith
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The myocardial uptake of radioiodinated (Fab')2 fragments of antimyosin antibody [125I-(Fab')2] was compared with simultaneously administered 99mTc-pyrophosphate (Tc-PYP) in dogs undergoing coronary occlusion for 24 (N=6) or 72 hours (N=5). Relative concentrations of both agents in normal and infarcted myocardium were related to regional blood flow as determined by distribution of 55Sr-labeled microspheres in the same animals. There was an inverse exponential relationship between 125I-(Fab')2 localization and regional blood flow in 24 hr (r=-0.64) and 72 hr (r=-0.80) occluded animals. The greatest uptake of 125I-(Fab')2 was observed in subendocardial layers of the center of the infarct where regional flow was most severely impaired (1-10% of normal flow). Maximal localization of Tc-PYP was observed in subepicardial layers in samples from the periphery of the infarct where flow was only moderately reduced (31-50% of normal). Differences in distribution of these two agents in ischemic myocardium are probably related to differences in kinetics of exit from the blood pool.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of bundle branch block in patients with heart failure: Evidence from the CHARM programme
Authors: Nathaniel M. Hawkins, Duolao Wang, John J.V. McMurray, Marc A. Pfeffer, Karl Swedberg, Christopher B. Granger, Salim Yusuf, Stuart J. Pocock, Jan Östergren, Eric L. Michelson, Francis G. Dunn
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
Authors: J B S Coulter
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

In its 5th edition, Peters and Pasvol's textbook (or atlas) sustains its reputation as a valuable source of information for a wide variety of persons including parasitologists, microbiologists, pathologists and specialists in infectious disease (ID), tropical medicine, genitourinary medicine and dermatology. It will also be appreciated by under-graduates and those undertaking courses in tropical medicine or ID who require a quick review of a subject. There are maps showing the geographical distribution of major diseases, and the life cycles of parasites are presented in clear form with good illustrations, particularly helpful to the general reader. Accounts of rare parasites and micropathogens are supplemented by details of diagnostic techniques and illustrations of pathological specimens. The introduction to each section provides a useful overview, with a note on advances in control. Content is up-to-date, particularly on HIV infection and viral haemorrhagic fevers. The CT and MRI scans of brain infections are helpful. There are only a few minor errors and one photograph seems to be upside-down. Diphtheria does not seem to be included. There is a rather old-fashioned habit of referring to ‘tropical diseases’ when the condition also occurs in the subtropics and even temperate areas, e.g. tuberculosis. At times, ‘developing’ or ‘low-resource’ might be a better descriptor than ‘tropical’.

Today, with the enormous amount of information available, many people tend to skip even the latest edition of a textbook and go straight to an electronic literature search. So, is an atlas of tropical medicine, parasitology and ID still useful? Most authors of textbooks do try to provide the essentials of a subject and also an up-to-date review of the best evidence. The current text keeps up with the subjects that are advancing. Many who teach or practise tropical medicine or parasitology will wish to possess this latest edition, and I would like to see it in medical libraries for students to browse and acquire a taste for this fascinating subject. For those requiring essential information on tropical medicine or ID, first call should be this book before they turn to a larger work or an electronic source.
IVF pioneer Robert Edwards wins Nobel prize
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The pundits, this time, got it wrong. The smart money for the 2010 Nobel prize for physiology or medicine was on a clutch of researchers working either on stem cells or on the appetite regulating hormone leptin. But the award committee surprised them all on 4 October by handing it to Robert Edwards for the development of in vitro fertilisation (IVF).

Given that Professor Edwards and his co-pioneer, the late obstetrician Patrick Steptoe, announced their achievement more than 30 years ago, it had begun to seem that this particular advance was not to earn the highest of scientific honours. But Nobel committees have a long collective memory, and awards given for research carried out decades previously are not entirely exceptional.

The formal announcement of the first birth from IVF came modestly enough in a letter to the Lancet . “We wish …
HOLOCAIN VS. COCAIN.
Authors: F. C. HOTZ
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Early in August I received from the druggists Gale &amp; Blocki, a 1 per cent. solution of holocain for testing its anesthetizing virtues. I first tried it on a few normal eyes and on eyes with foreign bodies in the cornea, with the following results: The instillation always caused more or less smarting and burning, which however lasted but about half a minute; it also produced considerable redness of the conjunctiva (palpebral and ocular), which persisted during the whole period of anesthesia. Within one and one-half to two minutes complete anesthesia of the cornea was noted; after six minutes the sensibility of the cornea began to return, but a second instillation prolonged the anesthesia for another five minutes; and if then another drop was instilled the anesthesia could again be continued. It would seem then that the anesthetic effect of holocain can be kept up indefinitely by repeating the instillation
Successful use of infliximab in a patient with treatment resistant spondyloarthropathy related uveitis
Authors: E Kruithof
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Anterior and intermediate uveitis are inflammatory processes of diverse causes, including among others, infections, trauma, lymphoproliferative disorders, and ischaemia.The remainder are considered to have an immune pathogenesis with an autoimmune component.For example, uveitis is a common manifestation of spondyloarthropathy (SpA), a related group of disorders, with common clinical, biological, genetic, and therapeutic characteristics. 1 Within the SpA group of diseases, considerable overlap between the different disease entities can occur-for example, during the course of ankylosing spondylitis, 40% of the patients will develop acute anterior uveitis (AUU). 2 In addition, in patients with AUU, SpA is the most commonly identified systemic disease. 3 Moreover, as is true for other diseases within the SpA group, subclinical gut inflammation has been found in patients with AUU. 4 5 From a therapeutic perspective, the management of patients with AAU is targeted at stopping the inflammatory process, in the shortest time possible, as otherwise it might result in irreversible damage leading to impaired visual acuity.Most attacks can be managed by topical steroids and mydriatic agents; in severe episodes of iritis periocular injection of corticosteroids may be beneficial.Occasionally, oral administration of steroids is necessary, sometimes in combination with immunosuppressive agents.However, in some patients the uveitis appears to be treatment resistant; in others, the use of steroids is restricted owing to a lack of response, intolerance, or side effects.The beneficial effects of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockade with infliximab (Remicade) are well established in Crohn's disease and, more recently, open and placebo controlled studies indicated a significant improvement of articular symptoms of this treatment in patients with SpA. [6]7][8] Considering the disease overlap within the SpA group and the promising therapeutic results of TNFα blockade in this group of diseases, we suggested that this treatment might possibly provide a clinical benefit in SpA related uveitis.Here, we report the effect of TNFα blockade with infliximab on chronic treatment resistant uveitis in a patient with SpA.. . . .
Subacute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Ted W. Grace
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The illnesses of two patients with characteristic symptoms of subacute carbon monoxide poisoning were misdiagnosed initially. This resulted in the needless exposure of one patient and two relatives to a toxic environment. The cherry-red color of the skin commonly cited in the literature was absent in both patients. The carbon monoxide poisoning probably contributed to the myocardial infarction and pulmonary emboli seen in these patients. Vague flu-like illnesses should raise the suspicion of carbon monoxide poisoning. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1698-1700)
Improvement of Distance-Based Phylogenetic Methods by a Local Maximum Likelihood Approach Using Triplets
Authors: Vincent Ranwez, Olivier Gascuel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

We introduce a new approach to estimate the evolutionary distance between two sequences. This approach uses a tree with three leaves: two of them correspond to the studied sequences, whereas the third is chosen to handle long-distance estimation. The branch lengths of this tree are obtained by likelihood maximization and are then used to deduce the desired distance. This approach, called TripleML, improves the precision of evolutionary distance estimates, and thus the topological accuracy of distance-based methods. TripleML can be used with neighbor-joining-like (NJ-like) methods not only to compute the initial distance matrix but also to estimate new distances encountered during the agglomeration process. Computer simulations indicate that using TripleML significantly improves the topological accuracy of NJ, BioNJ, and Weighbor, while conserving a reasonable computation time. With randomly generated 24-taxon trees and realistic parameter values, combining NJ with TripleML reduces the number of wrongly inferred branches by about 11% (against 2.6% and 5.5% for BioNJ and Weighbor, respectively). Moreover, this combination requires only about 1.5 min to infer a phylogeny of 96 sequences composed of 1,200 nucleotides, as compared with 6.5 h for FastDNAml on the same machine (PC 466 MHz).