tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DIMINISHED IMPACT ATTENUATION PROPERTIES OF TAEKWONDO AND BOXING HEADGEAR
Authors: W Pieter, D O'Sullivan, G Fife
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Only one study reported the impact attenuation of taekwondo headgear. Although Olympic boxing has discontinued the use of head protectors, similarities in designs are suggested to provide a framework for improving taekwondo helmets as a previous report determined poor testing results. Objective To assess attenuation of taekwondo and boxing headgear. Design Between-groups. Setting: Impact biomechanics laboratory. Participants Helmets approved by the World Taekwondo Federation and those by the International Boxing Association. Risk Factor assessement A standardized (ASTM F-2397) martial arts headgear striker was used to impart impacts to a 50 th Percentile Male Hybrid III Dummy (Hybrid III) head and neck complex. All impacts were imparted with a terminal striking velocity of 5.0 m/s (max-min=5.15–4.75 m/s). Each headgear model (boxing: Adidas and Green Hills; taekwondo: Adidas and Nike) were fitted to the Hybrid III and impacted a total of 60 times to the left side of the headgear. Main outcome measurements Resultant linear acceleration (RLA). Results There was a significant difference in RLA between helmets (eta 2 =0.963, 95% CI: 0.881–0.987). Pairwise comparisons showed differences between the taekwondo Nike (129.48±8.18g) and boxing Green Hills helmets (109.48±10.11g) (d=2.19, 95% CI: –4.98–11.05). The boxing Adidas helmet (75.42±9.99g) recorded a higher RLA than its taekwondo counterpart (d=2.09, 95% CI: −6.67–5.82). Conclusions Both boxing and taekwondo helmets have a limited lifespan.
Operative Surgery—11: The Hand
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Few people could supervise the production of a multiauthored, comprehensive, yet less-than-encyclopedic treatise on operative surgery of the hand. A lifetime of experience and respect by his colleagues eminently qualify Mr. R. Guy Pulvertaft to edit this text written by an outstanding group of "hand surgeons." Content ranges from practical step-by-step treatment of common injuries and defects (subungual hematoma and ganglion) to a survey of complex surgical procedures (pollicization, substitutions for intrinsic muscles, and neurovascular pedicle flaps). The dissertation on acute injuries includes valuable admonitions about appropriate anesthesia, use of plaster to immobilize children's hands, proper utilization of physical therapy, and the frequently overlooked avulsion fracture of the thumb metacarpal-phalangeal collateral ligament. Essayists on tendon and nerve repair, burn therapy, skin replacement, Dupuytren's contracture, rheumatoid arthritis, and tenosynovitis review the disorders, delineate surgical indications, and describe operative technique. Most authors followed this predetermined format. The discussion of infection fails to
Commentary: RECORD response
Authors: G. Coutts
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Studies such as RECORD1 highlight the difficulties of assessing the safety profile of medicines for the treatment of long term conditions. Our response should be measured and recognise the complex issues involved in the design, conduct, and evaluation of studies that explore risks and benefits of treatments. It is too simplistic to assert that collusion between sponsors, investigators, authors, and data and safety monitoring boards is the root cause.

With regards to Steinbrook and Kassirer’s (doi:10.1136/bmj.c5391) first criterion, it is hard to imagine any institution—whether academic, industry, or governmental—allowing unfettered analyses of their research data. Many institutions support data release for exploratory research and meta-analyses, protected by formal agreements for …
Modern treatment of pulmonary embolism
Authors: S.Z. Goldhaber
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Modern treatment of acute pulmonary embolism requires rapid and accurate diagnosis followed by risk stratification to devise an optimal management strategy. Patients at low risk have good outcomes simply with intensive anticoagulation treatment. Higher-risk patients may require more aggressive intervention with thrombolysis or embolectomy. Clinical risk factors for an adverse outcome include increasing age, cancer, congestive heart failure, systemic arterial hypotension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and right ventricular dysfunction. A promising approach is the Geneva Prognostic Score, which is based upon a rapid clinical assessment. On physical examination, signs of right ventricular failure, including distended jugular veins and a right-sided S<sub>3</sub> gallop, should be looked for. The electrocardiogram may show evidence of right ventricular strain with a new right bundle branch block or T wave inversion in leads V1–V4. The troponin level may be elevated as a marker of cardiac injury and right ventricular microinfarction, even in the absence of coronary artery disease. The most useful imaging marker of high risk is the presence of moderate or severe right ventricular dilatation and hypokinesis on the echocardiogram, especially with progressively worsening right ventricular function despite intensive anticoagulation treatment. Patients at high risk should be considered for thrombolytic therapy or embolectomy rather than management with anticoagulation therapy alone. Special care must be taken to avoid thrombolytic therapy among patients who might be susceptible to intracranial haemorrhage. Intracranial haemorrhage reached a surprisingly high rate of 3.0% in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry of 2,454 prospectively evaluated acute pulmonary embolism patients at 52 hospitals in seven countries. An alternative approach to patients at high risk is a catheter-based or open surgical embolectomy. It is crucial to refer these patients as quickly as possible, rather than delaying intervention until cardiogenic shock has ensued. Fortunately the current tools for risk stratification provide an "early window" for prognostication and can help the coordination of a definitive treatment plan with optimal results.
Viridans Streptococcal Pulmonary Parenchymal Infections
Authors: Melvin R. Pratter
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Pulmonary parenchymal infections were caused by viridans streptococci in two patients. Pleural empyema and lung abscess occurred in a previously healthy adult; an uncomplicated pneumonia developed in an immunocompromised host. In the first case, the diagnosis was ascertained by percutaneous lung abscess aspiration, transtracheal aspiration, and thoracentesis culture findings. In the second case, the diagnosis was established by transtracheal aspiration culture results. (<i>JAMA</i>243:2515-2517, 1980)
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Sturge-Weber Disease
Authors: DAVID B. DUNCAN, KARL HERHOLZ, UWE PIETRZYK, WOLF-DIETER HEISS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 50-year-old man with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and left cerebral hemisphere atrophy was studied using PET with O-15 oxygen and O-15 water in order to evaluate regional cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism in this condition. PET demonstrated decreased perfusion and increased oxygen extraction fraction in the affected left cerebral hemisphere and ipsilateral cerebellum. These findings suggest that a chronic state of reduced perfusion may be the etiology for the cerebral hemiatrophy seen in some patients with SWS.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study
Authors: Harry W. Flynn, Emily Y. Chew, Brad D. Simons, Franca B. Barton, Nancy A. Remaley, Frederick L. Ferris
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) enrolled 3711 patients with mild-to-severe nonproliferative or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes. Patients were randomly assigned to aspirin 650 mg/day or placebo. One eye of each patient was assigned randomly to early photocoagulation and the other to deferral of photocoagulation. Follow-up examinations were scheduled at least every 4 months, and photocoagulation was initiated in eyes assigned to deferral as soon as high-risk proliferative retinopathy was detected. Aspirin was not found to have an effect on retinopathy progression or rates of vitreous hemorrhage. The risk of a combined end point, severe visual loss or vitrectomy, was low in eyes assigned to deferral (6% at 5 years) and was reduced by early photocoagulation (4% at 5 years). Vitrectomy was carried out in 208 patients during the 9 years of the study. This report presents baseline and previtrectomy characteristics and visual outcome in these patients.Information collected at baseline and during follow-up as part of the ETDRS protocol was supplemented by review of clinic charts for visual acuity and ocular status immediately before vitrectomy.Vitrectomy was performed in 208 (5.6%) of the 3711 patients (243 eyes) enrolled in the ETDRS. The 5-year vitrectomy rates for eyes grouped by their initial photocoagulation assignment were as follows: 2.1% in the early full scatter photocoagulation group, 2.5% in the early mild scatter group, and 4.0% in the deferral group. The 5-year rates of vitrectomy (in one or both eyes) were 5.4% in patients assigned to aspirin and 5.2% in patients assigned to a placebo. The indications for vitrectomy were either vitreous hemorrhage (53.9%) or retinal detachment with or without vitreous hemorrhage (46.1%). Before vitrectomy, visual acuity was 5/200 or worse in 66.7% of eyes and better than 20/100 in 6.2%. One year after vitrectomy, the visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 47.6% of eyes, including 24.0% with visual acuity of 20/40 or better.With frequent follow-up examinations and timely scatter (panretinal) photocoagulation, the 5-year cumulative rate of pars plana vitrectomy in ETDRS patients was 5.3%. Aspirin use did not influence the rate of vitrectomy.
Reanalysis of epidemiological evidence on lung cancer and passive smoking
Authors: J B Copas
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the epidemiological evidence for an increase in the risk of lung cancer resulting from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. <b>Design:</b> Reanalysis of 37 published epidemiological studies previously included in a meta-analysis allowing for the possibility of publication bias. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Relative risk of lung cancer among female lifelong non-smokers, according to whether her partner was a current smoker or a lifelong non-smoker. <b>Results:</b> If it is assumed that all studies that have ever been carried out are included, or that those selected for review are truly representative of all such studies, then the estimated excess risk of lung cancer is 24%, as previously reported (95% confidence interval 13% to 36%, P&lt;0.001). However, a significant correlation between study outcome and study size suggests the presence of publication bias. Adjustment for such bias implies that the risk has been overestimated. For example, if only 60% of studies have been included, the estimate of excess risk falls from 24% to 15%. <b>Conclusion:</b> A modest degree of publication bias leads to a substantial reduction in the relative risk and to a weaker level of significance, suggesting that the published estimate of the increased risk of lung cancer associated with environmental tobacco smoke needs to be interpreted with caution. <h3>Key messages</h3> A systematic review of epidemiological studies on passive smoking estimated the increased risk of lung cancer as 24% There is clear evidence of publication bias in these studies Reanalysis of the data allowing for the possibility of publication bias substantially lowers the estimate of relative risk
PREOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE OF AGED PATIENTS UNDERGOING UROLOGICAL SURGERY
Authors: Richard Chute
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Largely on account of the fact that prostatic obstruction occurs mostly in elderly persons, there is a higher percentage of aged patients encountered in urological surgery than in any other branch. Furthermore, this percentage is rising, since census and insurance figures show a constantly greater life expectancy and an increasing number of old persons. In considering the matter of age the chronological age in years does not always give an accurate picture of the physiological age, since some men are old at 55 while others are young at 70. We have all seen this. The lean, spry, pink-cheeked man of 70 plus will tolerate surgery better than the obese, flabby, pasty-faced man of sedentary habits who is only 60. Aged patientsundergoing surgery present a special problem. Their ability to maintain the physiological balance of their bodily processes when subjected to stresses, such as malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance, trauma, or surgery, is
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL. EXTRAVASATION OF BLOOD INTO THE CALF OF THE LEG; HqMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS; OPENING OF A CAVITY FILLED WITH COAGULA, EXTENDING FROM THE POPLITEAL SPACE ABOVE THE KNEE DOWN TO THE HEEL; ACTUAL CAUTERY TO ARREST THE BLEEDING, AND TOURNIQUET TO THE FEMORAL ARTERY; EXTENSION OF THE CAVITY UP THE THIGH, WITH $OElig;DEMA AND COMMENCING GANGRENE ; AMPUTATION OF THE THIGH; FATAL TERMINATION; DISSECTION OF THE LIMB
Authors: None ERICHSEN
Journal: The Lancet (1856)
Cerebral Vasoconstriction in Vasovagal Syncope: Any Link With Symptoms?
Authors: Alfonso Lagi, Simone Cencetti, Vanni Corsoni, Dimitrios Georgiadis, Stefano Bacalli
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Cerebral vasoconstriction has been described previously in vasovagal syncope (VVS). This phenomenon appears paradoxical in view of the well-known decrease of systemic vascular resistances taking places during VVS. We aimed to assess (1) whether cerebral vasoconstriction in VVS is an independent paradoxical phenomenon and (2) whether cerebral vasoconstriction has any link with symptoms and/or VVS onsets.Seven young patients with recurrent VVS participated in the study. Each patient underwent monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity (by means of transcranial Doppler), end-tidal PCO(2), peripheral oximetry, respiratory rate, and tidal volumes both at rest and during head-up tilt. All the subjects experienced tilt-induced VVS. A significant increase of respiratory tidal volumes was observed in each subject >/=160 seconds before VVS. This deep breathing induced a PCO(2) decrease and, consequently, also a decrease in cerebral blood flow velocity and increase in cerebrovascular resistance (expressed by the increase of the pulsatility index). Within 40 seconds, 5 subjects started complaining of discomfort, in the absence of any significant blood pressure drop.Cerebral vasoconstriction is not a paradoxical phenomenon when it occurs before tilt-induced VVS but rather is only the physiological consequence of the hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia that occurs in habitual fainters. The large lag between the onset of syncope and cerebral vasoconstriction excludes the hypothesis that VVS is dependent on abnormal behavior of cerebral hemodynamics.
Survival benefit of Abciximab administration during early rescue angioplasty: analysis of 387 patients from the GUSTO-III trial
Authors: J.M. Miller, E.M. Ohman, J.S. Schildcrout, R.W. Smalling, A. Betriu, R.M. Califf, E.J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
New EnglandJournal loosens its rules on conflict of interest
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The New England Journal of Medicine is relaxing its longstanding rules on conflict of interest so that it can publish evaluations of new drugs by researchers with financial ties to the manufacturers because it cannot find enough experts without financial ties to drug companies.

In an editorial, the journal's editors say the change means its readership will be better and more promptly informed about drugs that are just coming on the market and have been studied only in trials funded by industry. Editors concede there is a risk that the objectivity of authors may be …
Origin of Right Pulmonary Artery from Ascending Aorta
Authors: C. A. WAGENVOORT, HENRY N. NEUFELD, RICHARD F. BIRGE, JOHN A. CAFFREY, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1961)

A case is reported of a 20-day-old infant with origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta. Besides its abnormal origin, the artery was stenotic in its proximal half. We believe the malformation results from persistence of the distal (instead of the proximal) part of the primitive sixth aortic arch and of a portion of the right dorsal aorta. The presence of ductal tissue in the wall of the right pulmonary artery supports this concept. The pulmonary vasculature in the two lungs showed great differences in medial and intimal characteristics. A second case of origin of the right pulmonary artery from the aorta, deseribed elsewhere, provided material for comparative study of the structure of the right main pulmonary arteries and the intrapulmonary branches.
Chronic Hepatitis in Carriers of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, with Intrahepatic Expression of the Delta Antigen
Authors: Mario Rizzetto, Giorgio Verme, Serafino Recchia, Ferruccio Bonino, Patrizia Farci, Sarino Aricò, Renata Calzia, Antonio Picciotto, Massimo Colombo, Hans Popper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

To assess the characteristics of chronic hepatitis in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers with intrahepatic delta antigen, the hepatic histologic findings of 137 patients were reviewed; 101 patients were followed for 2 to 6 years. The predominant liver disease was chronic active hepatitis in 93 patients or cirrhosis in 32; minor forms of chronic persistent or lobular hepatitis were seen in 12 patients. Eight of the 26 patients with an initial diagnosis of cirrhosis died during the follow-up period. Cirrhosis developed in 31 of 75 patients (41%) without nodular regeneration seen in the first biopsy specimen; 5 of these patients died. Treatment with prednisone or azathioprine did not induce histologic amelioration of delta hepatitis or prevent cirrhosis. Chronic HBsAg hepatitis with intrahepatic expression of the delta antigen is an active, progressive disease unresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive treatment.
Letter: Cerebral lupus-wider implications.
Authors: B Pastakia
Journal: BMJ (1975)

TABLE I-Comparative Data of Five Newborn Infants on Alkalinized Milk and in Five Controls Group on Control Group Alkalinized Milk (n = 5) (n =5) Mean gestation (weeks (range)).32-5(30-36) 31-5 (30-33) Mean birth weight (grams (range)).1658(1530-1840) 1627 (1360-1810) Mean milk volume/day (ml).417387TABLE II-Results of Stool Examination and Growth Measurements in Five Newborn Infants on Alkalinized Milk and in Five Controls Group on Control Group Alkalinized Milk (n = 5) (n=5) No. of stools examined .. .5042 No.L. bifidus isolates . ..8 5 Mean counts/gram stool .. .1-2x 106 1-3 x 106 Other organisms: Mean counts/gram of stool 4-8 x 108 1-7 x 109Mean stool pH (range). 646(5-42-8-10) 6-43 (4 89-7 68)Mean weight gain (g/day (range)) 27-1 (21-5-32-8) 24-8 (22-6-28 6) Mean length increase (cm/week (range)).. 095 (0-65-1-09) 0-98 (0 76-1 19) Mean increase skin fold thickness (mm/week (range)).. 0-79 (0 53-0 92) 0-82 (0-47-1-12) Mean increase head circumference (cm/week (range))0-87 (0 69-0 97) 0-83 (0 72-0-92)
Oversimplifying Primary Care Supply and Shortages
Authors: Gary L. Freed
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Shadowlands — Secrets, Lies, and Assisted Reproduction
Authors: G J Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Americans love babies and technology, and most Americans applaud the ability of the new assisted-reproduction techniques to help infertile couples have children. But these techniques have also given birth to a wide variety of new legal issues, including questions about the identity of the mother and father of the child, the enforcement of preconception contracts, the elements of informed consent, and the disposition of frozen embryos. After almost 20 years of experience and the growth of infertility clinics into a multibillion-dollar industry, it is time to consider establishing national standards and a federal regulatory scheme. Two recent court cases, one . . .
Hepatic mucosal mast cell hyperplasia in rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: K P Rioux, K A Sharkey, J L Wallace, M G Swain
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Mast cells have been shown to play a role in many chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. However, their possible contribution to the pathological changes that occur in liver cirrhosis is unknown. To explore this, we examined whether changes in hepatic mast cell number and mediator content were associated with fibrotic changes in experimental biliary cirrhosis. Rats were studied 7, 14, or 21 days after bile duct resection (BDR). Hepatic mast cells were identified by histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. Rat mast cell protease II (RMCP-II), a marker of mast cell degranulation, was measured in liver by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatic collagen deposition was assessed by Sirius Red F3BA staining. In day 21 BDR rats, there was a one- to twofold increase ( P &lt; .001) in the number of hepatic mast cells, but this was not observed in day 7 or 14 BDR rats. Mild fibrotic changes were noted in BDR rat livers as early as 7 days after induction of cholestasis. Significant expansion and organization of fibrous tissue had occurred in day 14 BDR rats which progressed to bridging fibrosis by day 21. Liver RMCP-II levels were decreased by 50 percent ( P &lt; .05) and mast cell degranulation was apparent as shown by histamine immunostaining. These results suggest that hepatic mast cell hyperplasia and degranulation occur during prolonged cholestasis in the rat. Although these changes do not correlate with the onset of hepatic fibrosis, they do occur at a time during which there is significant deposition and organization extracellular matrix elements. Hepatic mast cells, by releasing profibrogenic mediators, may contribute to fibrotic changes in biliary cirrhosis.
Sexual behaviour in Britain: reported sexually transmitted infections and prevalent genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Authors: Kevin A Fenton, Christos Korovessis, Anne M Johnson, Angela McCadden, Sally McManus, Kaye Wellings, Catherine H Mercer, Caroline Carder, Andrew J Copas, Kiran Nanchahal, Wendy Macdowall, Geoff Ridgway, Julia Field, Bob Erens
Journal: The Lancet (2001)