tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ULTRAVIOLET RAY AS PROPHYLACTIC AGAINST RADIODERMATITIS
Authors: GEORGE M. MacKEE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Many years ago, John Remer and the senior writer noticed that acute sunburn appeared to enhance the effect of roentgen-ray and radium radiation on human skin. It was also remarked that tanning of the skin. resulting from repeated exposures to the sun, did not materially increase the toleration for roentgen-ray irradiation. With these impressions in mind, it was with no little surprise that we read one article after another in which it was averred that actinotherapy is capable of greatly increasing skin toleration for roentgen-ray irradiation; and that the ultraviolet ray possesses the power of mitigating and even preventing the deplorable results of excessive roentgen-ray and radium dosage. In 1915, Becker<sup>1</sup>reported that he had substantially increased skin toleration for the roentgen ray by tanning the skin with the ultraviolet ray before subjecting the patient to roentgen-ray treatment; and there have been several subsequent assertions of a similar nature
13 A PHASE 2, RANDOMIZED STUDY OF HCV-796 IN COMBINATION WITH PEGYLATED-INTERFERON (PEG) PLUS RIBAVIRIN (RBV) VERSUS PEG PLUS RBV IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS GENOTYPE-1 INFECTION
Authors: P. Pockros, M. Rodriguez-Torres, S. Villano, E. Maller, M. Chojkier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Meta-analysis: Antithrombotic Therapy to Prevent Stroke in Patients Who Have Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Robert G. Hart, Lesly A. Pearce, Maria I. Aguilar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Atrial fibrillation is a strong independent risk factor for stroke. Purpose: To characterize the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic agents for stroke prevention in patients who have atrial fibrillation, adding 13 recent randomized trials to a previous meta-analysis. Data Sources: Randomized trials identified by using the Cochrane Stroke Group search strategy, 1966 to March 2007, unrestricted by language. Study Selection: All published randomized trials with a mean follow-up of 3 months or longer that tested antithrombotic agents in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Data Extraction: Two coauthors independently extracted information regarding interventions; participants; and occurrences of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, major extracranial bleeding, and death. Data Synthesis: Twenty-nine trials included 28 044 participants (mean age, 71 years; mean follow-up, 1.5 years). Compared with the control, adjusted-dose warfarin (6 trials, 2900 participants) and antiplatelet agents (8 trials, 4876 participants) reduced stroke by 64% (95% CI, 49% to 74%) and 22% (CI, 6% to 35%), respectively. Adjusted-dose warfarin was substantially more efficacious than antiplatelet therapy (relative risk reduction, 39% [CI, 22% to 52%]) (12 trials, 12 963 participants). Other randomized comparisons were inconclusive. Absolute increases in major extracranial hemorrhage were small (≤0.3% per year) on the basis of meta-analysis. Limitation: Methodological features and quality varied substantially and often were incompletely reported. Conclusions: Adjusted-dose warfarin and antiplatelet agents reduce stroke by approximately 60% and by approximately 20%, respectively, in patients who have atrial fibrillation. Warfarin is substantially more efficacious (by approximately 40%) than antiplatelet therapy. Absolute increases in major extracranial hemorrhage associated with antithrombotic therapy in participants from the trials included in this meta-analysis were less than the absolute reductions in stroke. Judicious use of antithrombotic therapy importantly reduces stroke for most patients who have atrial fibrillation.
Identification of CD4+, 2H4 + (T8γ +) suppressor-inducer cells in normal human epidermis and superficial dermis
Authors: G. ROWDEN, D. DAVIS, D. LUCKETT, L. POULTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Immunohistological staining of frozen sections of normal human skin demonstrated the prescnce of significant numbers of mononuclear cells cxpressing novel epitopes associated with CD4‐positive suppressor‐inducer functions. The cells were located around superficial vessels and within the basal layers of the epidermis and hair follicles. The antigen identified by the various antibodies has been shown to be functionally important in the induction of various suppressor cells capable of abrogating B cell responses to pokeweed mitogen. The presence in the skin of cells with possible down‐regulatory functions in the immune response may be significant with respect to surveillance against neoplasms and control of appropriate responses to infectious agents.
Regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses by Stat-3 signaling in tumor cells
Authors: Tianhong Wang, Guilian Niu, Marcin Kortylewski, Lyudmila Burdelya, Kenneth Shain, Shumin Zhang, Raka Bhattacharya, Dmitry Gabrilovich, Richard Heller, Domenico Coppola, William Dalton, Richard Jove, Drew Pardoll, Hua Yu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and ventriculocoronary communications: surgical significance.
Authors: W N O'Connor, C M Cottrill, G L Johnson, J A Noonan, E P Todd
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The first stage of a repair of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (type I) was attempted in a 2-day-old infant. At surgery, decompression of the hypertensive small right ventricle was followed by a sudden loss of myocardial contractility and death. Postmortem examination revealed a fistula with a large orifice in the right ventricular infundibulum that communicated directly with the left main coronary artery. Severe hypertensive changes indicative of abnormally high perfusion pressure were noted in the distal left coronary artery branches. The clinical course suggests that the effect of relieving right ventricular outflow obstruction was a reduction of left main coronary artery blood flow, resulting in fatal intraoperative myocardial ischemia. This unusual case draws attention to the anomalous ventriculocoronary communications often present in pulmonary atresia and their potential for limiting a successful surgical repair.
Natural history of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome associated with FAS gene mutations
Authors: Susan Price, Pamela A. Shaw, Amy Seitz, Gyan Joshi, Joie Davis, Julie E. Niemela, Katie Perkins, Ronald L. Hornung, Les Folio, Philip S. Rosenberg, Jennifer M. Puck, Amy P. Hsu, Bernice Lo, Stefania Pittaluga, Elaine S. Jaffe, Thomas A. Fleisher, V. Koneti Rao, Michael J. Lenardo
Journal: Blood (2014)
Syndecan-1 is the primary heparan sulfate proteoglycan mediating hepatic clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in mice
Authors: Kristin I. Stanford, Joseph R. Bishop, Erin M. Foley, Jon C. Gonzales, Ingrid R. Niesman, Joseph L. Witztum, Jeffrey D. Esko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Elevated plasma triglyceride levels represent a risk factor for premature atherosclerosis. In mice, accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins can occur if sulfation of heparan sulfate in hepatocytes is diminished, as this alters hepatic lipoprotein clearance via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). However, the relevant HSPG has not been determined. In this study, we found by RT-PCR analysis that mouse hepatocytes expressed the membrane proteoglycans syndecan-1, -2, and -4 and glypican-1 and -4. Analysis of available proteoglycan-deficient mice showed that only syndecan-1 mutants (Sdc1-/- mice) accumulated plasma triglycerides. Sdc1-/- mice also exhibited prolonged circulation of injected human VLDL and intestinally derived chylomicrons. We found that mice lacking both syndecan-1 and hepatocyte heparan sulfate did not display accentuated triglyceride accumulation compared with single mutants, suggesting that syndecan-1 is the primary HSPG mediating hepatic triglyceride clearance. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that syndecan-1 was expressed specifically on the microvilli of hepatocyte basal membranes, facing the space of Disse, where lipoprotein uptake occurs. Abundant syndecan-1 on wild-type murine hepatocytes exhibited saturable binding of VLDL and inhibition by heparin and facilitated degradation of VLDL. Furthermore, adenovirus-encoded syndecan-1 restored binding, uptake, and degradation of VLDL in isolated Sdc1-/- hepatocytes and the lipoprotein clearance defect in Sdc1-/- mice. These findings provide the first in vivo genetic evidence that syndecan-1 is the primary hepatocyte HSPG receptor mediating the clearance of both hepatic and intestinally derived triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
?-Arginine does not reverse impaired agonist-induced increases in macromolecular efflux during diabetes mellitus
Authors: W Mayhan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: The first goal of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes mellitus on agonist-induced increases in venular macromolecular permeability of the hamster cheek pouch. The second goal was examine the role for an alteration in the availability of l-arginine to nitric oxide synthase in impaired agonist-induced increases in macromolecular permeability during diabetes. Methods: We used intravital fluorescent microscopy and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran; mw=70 K) to examine macromolecular extravasation from post-capillary venules in non-diabetic and diabetic (2 weeks after injection of streptozotocin) hamsters in response to histamine and substance P. Increases in extravasation of macromolecules were quantitated by counting the number of venular leaky sites and by calculating the clearance (ml/s×10−6) of FITC-dextran-70K. Results: In non-diabetic hamsters, histamine (1.0 and 5.0 μM) and substance P (50 and 100 nM) increased permeability of the cheek pouch microcirculation to FITC-dextran-70K. In contrast, histamine- and substance P-induced increases in macromolecular extravasation were markedly reduced in diabetic hamsters. Next, we investigated whether alterations in histamine- and substance P-induced changes in macromolecular extravasation in diabetic hamsters may be related to an alteration in the availability of l-arginine. We examined whether exogenous application of l-arginine (100 μM) could restore impaired histamine- and substance-P-induced increases in macromolecular extravasation in diabetic hamsters. We found that l-arginine potentiated agonist-induced increases in macromolecular extravasation in non-diabetic hamsters, but did not alter responses in diabetic hamsters. Conclusion: These findings suggest that short-term diabetes mellitus alters agonist-induced alterations in microvascular permeability. The mechanism of altered microvascular permeability during diabetes mellitus does not appear to be related to an impaired availability of l-arginine.
Vascular hypertrophy in experimental diabetes. Role of advanced glycation end products.
Authors: J R Rumble, M E Cooper, T Soulis, A Cox, L Wu, S Youssef, M Jasik, G Jerums, R E Gilbert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The accelerated formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the overexpression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that the vascular changes in diabetes include hypertrophy of the mesenteric vasculature. To examine the role of AGEs in this process, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and control animals were randomized to receive aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of AGE formation, or no treatment. Animals were studied at 7 d, 3 wk, and 8 mo after induction of diabetes. When compared with control animals, diabetes was associated with an increase in mesenteric vascular weight and an increase in media wall/lumen area. By Northern analysis, TGF-beta1 gene expression was increased 100-150% (P < 0.01) and alpha1 (IV) collagen gene expression was similarly elevated to 30-110% compared to controls (P < 0.05). AGEs and extracellular matrix were present in abundance in diabetic but not in control vessels. Treatment of diabetic rats with aminoguanidine resulted in significant amelioration of the described pathological changes including overexpression of TGF-beta1 and alpha1 (IV) collagen. These data implicate the formation of AGEs in TGF-beta overexpression and tissue changes which accompany the diabetic state.
Retinoic Acids Induce Eosinophil Survival and MCP-1 Production
Authors: S. Ueki, G. Mahemuti, W. Ito, Y. Kobayashi, T. Chiba, H. Oyamada, Y. Kamada, K. Yamaguchi, M. Takeda, H. Kayaba, J. Chihara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Medicine’s Uncomfortable Relationship With Math
Authors: Arjun K. Manrai, Gaurav Bhatia, Judith Strymish, Isaac S. Kohane, Sachin H. Jain
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

of the patients who died with a diagnosis of hematologic malignant neoplasm had received treatment within 14 days of the end of life, indicating a major difference in treatment practice for these disorders compared with solid tumors.Communication with patients about realistic prognosis, treatment planning, and advanced care planning is a critical component across the continuum of oncology care. 5 A recent report issued by the Institute of Medicine specifically emphasizes that "[p]atients with advanced cancer should receive end-of-life care consistent with their needs, values, and preferences." 6 We hope that analysis and reporting of observed practice patterns and disease outcomes will drive discussions between physicians and patients that address realistic concerns and the patient's values around end-of-life care.
Optimal length of a saphenous vein segment when used as an arterial substitute
Authors: A. GORDON, J. WILLIAMS, B. BUXTON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

An in-vitro experiment using 12 cadaver long saphenous veins was performed to determine the optimal length of a saphenous vein segment intended for use as an arterial substitute. This length was found to be 8% greater than the body length, as judged by maximal flow through the veins and 6% greater than body length judged by minimal pressure loss across the vein segments. Extreme extension of the veins resulted in incomplete tranverse rupture of the inner layers of three of the veins tested.
Involvement of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea
Authors: V. MANNA, R. MARKS, P. HOLT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Twenty-five patients with rosacea were compared with twenty-five control subjects for previous medical history and tests of immune function. Rosacea patients were found to have a higher incidence of disorders of the auto-immune type and were significantly more difficult to sensitize to DNCB than the controls. In addition, twelve of the rosacea patients and eleven other rosacea patients had biopsies which were examined by the direct immunofluorescence technique. In only five was the test negative. In the remainder deposits of IgM and/or IgG and/or complement were found at the dermo-epidermal junction and/or in the dermal collagen. Serum from the rosacea patients was also examined by the indirect technique and in six cases a circulating antinuclear antibody of IgM type was found. It is suggested that altered immune function plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Patient-monitoring on a general ward
Authors: H. S. Wolff
Journal: BMJ (1969)

BRItIH 301 low figures were found in all three cases of P.N.H. in which this test was performed.Ham's test and the sugar-lysis test were also strongly positive.A low figure of AChE (less than 0 550 pH units/hour) was also found in several cases of myeloproliferative disorder, including polycythaemia vera, myelo- sclerosis, di Guglielmo's disease, thrombo- cythaemia, and myeloid reticulosis.In some of these cases there was also slightly increased lysis in the sucrose-veronal buffer.Though there was not complete correlation between a low AChE and increased sugar lysis, the high proportion of abnormal results in the diseases under discussion supports Dameshek's5 speculation that they are con- nected.-Iam, etc.,
Adoptive therapy with CD8+ T cells: it may get by with a little help from its friends
Authors: William Y. Ho, Cassian Yee, Philip D. Greenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The clinical goal of immunotherapy has traditionally been to provide either active or passive immunity against an infection or malignancy. In the active approach, antigen is administered (with or without some form of adjuvant) to initiate the generation within the host of a protective or therapeutic immune response. By contrast, in adoptive (or passive) cellular immunotherapy, the specific effectors of immunity are directly administered, bypassing the obstacles in the host that might prevent the generation of an effective response in vivo. Adoptive immunotherapy with CD8 + T cells permits the use of large numbers of effector T cell clones or lines of defined specificity and function, but has the disadvantage of requiring significant effort and technologic skill to isolate and expand such CTLs in vitro to the numbers needed to establish an effective in vivo response and successfully control the infection or tumor. Adoptive T cell therapy is currently being investigated as an approach to treat both infectious (e.g., cytomegalovirus [CMV], HIV, and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) and malignant (e.g., melanoma and leukemia) diseases in humans (1‐6). Preclinical and clinical studies have elucidated several issues that need to be addressed to improve the likelihood of success — including choosing appropriate target antigens, optimizing the methods for generating functional T cells in vitro, and providing requisite cytokines and/or proinflammatory signals to support the survival and effector functions of the T cells after infusion. In this issue of the JCI, Tuma and colleagues have used a murine model of immunity against the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes to evaluate a potential obstacle to T cell therapy, and demonstrate the utility of providing an inflammatory stimulus (CD40 activation) to rescue otherwise ineffective adoptively transferred CD8 + T cells (7). Their provocative findings are discussed below among the strategies currently being investigated to overcome current limitations of adoptive T cell therapy. Quantitative limitations of adoptive
P725 IMPACT OF THE rs8099917 SNP ON SVR12 IN PATIENTS WITH HCV GT-1 INFECTION TREATED WITH FALDAPREVIR, DELEOBUVIR AND RIBAVIRIN
Authors: T. Asselah, S. Zeuzem, V. Soriano, J.-P. Bronowicki, A.W. Lohse, B. Müllhaupt, M. Schuchmann, M. Bourlière, M. Buti, S. Roberts, E. Gane, F. Voss, J.-P. Gallivan, I. Herichova, P. Baum, F. Mensa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
199 OUTCOME OF RENAL FUNCTION FOLLOWING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 HEPATORENAL SYNDROME
Authors: P. Casciato, A. Villamil, S. Marciano, J. Bandi, L. Rezzonico, J. Solari, O. Galdame, E. de Santibañes, A. Gadano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Exposure to Bisphenol A Prenatally or in Adulthood Promotes T <sub>H</sub> 2 Cytokine Production Associated with Reduction of CD4 <sup>+</sup> CD25 <sup>+</sup> Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Huimin Yan, Masaya Takamoto, Kazuo Sugane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine-disrupting chemical that can affect humans and animals.We investigated the effects of adult or prenatal exposure to BPA on T-helper (T(H))1/T(H)2 immune responses and the mechanisms underlying these effects.To evaluate the effects of exposure to BPA in adulthood, male Leishmania major-susceptible BALB/c and -resistant C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 micromol BPA 1 week before being infected with L. major. To evaluate prenatal exposure, female mice were given BPA-containing drinking water at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 nM for 2 weeks, then mated, and given BPA for another week. Male 10-week-old offspring were infected with L. major. Footpad swelling was assessed as a measure of the course of infection.Mice exposed to BPA prenatally or in adulthood showed a dose-dependent increase in footpad swelling after being infected with L. major. Exposure to BPA in adulthood significantly promoted antigen-stimulated production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13 but not interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). However, mice prenatally exposed to BPA showed increased production of not only IL-4 but also IFN-gamma. The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells were decreased in mice exposed to BPA either prenatally or in adulthood. Effects of prenatal BPA exposure were far more pronounced than effects of exposure in adulthood.BPA promotes the development of T(H)2 cells in adulthood and both T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells in prenatal stages by reducing the number of regulatory T cells.
Outcome of AL amyloidosis after high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation: long-term results in a series of 421 patients
Authors: Maria Teresa Cibeira, Vaishali Sanchorawala, David C. Seldin, Karen Quillen, John L. Berk, Laura M. Dember, Adam Segal, Frederick Ruberg, Hans Meier-Ewert, Nancy T. Andrea, J. Mark Sloan, Kathleen T. Finn, Gheorghe Doros, Joan Blade, Martha Skinner
Journal: Blood (2011)
Association of tattooing and hepatitis C virus infection: A multicenter case-control study
Authors: Kerrilynn Carney, Sameer Dhalla, Ayse Aytaman, Craig T. Tenner, Fritz Francois
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract Although injection drug use (IDU) and blood transfusions prior to 1992 are well-accepted risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, many studies that evaluated tattooing as a risk factor for HCV infection did not control for a history of IDU or transfusion prior to 1992. In this large, multicenter, case-control study, we analyzed demographic and HCV risk factor exposure history data from 3,871 patients, including 1,930 with chronic HCV infection (HCV RNA–positive) and 1,941 HCV-negative (HCV antibody–negative) controls. Crude and fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of tattoo exposure by multivariate logistic regression in HCV-infected versus controls were determined. As expected, IDU (65.9% versus 17.8%; P &lt; 0.001), blood transfusion prior to 1992 (22.3% versus 11.1%; P &lt; 0.001), and history of having one or more tattoos (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 3.23-4.49; P &lt; 0.001) were more common in HCV-infected patients than in control subjects. After excluding all patients with a history of ever injecting drugs and those who had a blood transfusion prior to 1992, a total of 1,886 subjects remained for analysis (465 HCV-positive patients and 1,421 controls). Among these individuals without traditional risk factors, HCV-positive patients remained significantly more likely to have a history of one or more tattoos after adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity (OR, 5.17; 95% CI, 3.75-7.11; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Tattooing is associated with HCV infection, even among those without traditional HCV risk factors such as IDU and blood transfusion prior to 1992.