tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 793: Direct inhibitory effects of gastric cancer against dendritic cells
Authors: Takehiko Iwauchi, Hiroaki Tanaka, Mami Yoshii, Gentaro Ito, Kenjiro Kimura, Hisashi Nagahara, Eiji Noda, Ryosuke Amano, Naoshi Kubo, Kazuya Muguruma, Nobuya Yamada, Masakazu Yashiro, Kiyoshi Maeda, Masaichi Ohira, Kosei Hirakawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells which englobe tumor-associated antigens and activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Otherwise, in recent studies, it has been demonstrated that immature DC such as tolerogenic DC were associated with suppression of anti-tumor immune response. The immature DC infiltrating tumor microenvironment promote tumor growth and angiogenesis in lung cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer. Various cytokines secreted by pancreatic cancer suppress the maturation of DC. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit the anti-tumor response against colon cancer. Although it has been suggested that regulatory T cells and tolerogenic DC might be associated with the immunosuppressive mechanism in cancer patients, it has not been revealed yet. In this study, we examined direct inhibitory effects of gastric cancer against DC. We designed to assess the effects of tumor-associated cytokines secreted by gastric cancer cells on DC maturation and function. Next, after culturing DC in the medium with supernatant of gastric cancer and protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK), we examined cytokines of interleukin-10 (IL-10) of DC, which considered immunosuppressive cytokine. Various gastric cancer cell lines, included scirrhous gastric cancer secreted immunosuppressive cytokines, such as TGF-β, IL-10 and VEGF. The expression of HLA-DR as positive costimulatory molecule of DC was decreased, and that of programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2), as negative costimulatory molecule was increased in the medium included supernatant of gastric cancer cells. IL-10 secreted in the supernatant of DC cultured with supernatant of gastric cancer cells was increased, and inhibited by co-culturing with PSK. In conclusion, the maturation of DC was inhibited by various immunosuppressive cytokines secreted by gastric cancer cells and tolerogenic DC were induced. These results suggest that tolerogenic DC infiltrates around tumors, inhibits immune response against tumors and promote growth of tumor in gastric cancer patients. In addition, PSK might suppress the effects of tolerogenic DC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 793. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-793
Remote ischemic preconditioning has a neutral effect on the incidence of kidney injury after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Sean M. Gallagher, Dan A. Jones, Akhil Kapur, Andrew Wragg, Steve M. Harwood, Rohini Mathur, R Andrew Archbold, Rakesh Uppal, Muhammad M. Yaqoob
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
The Medical Treatment of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: JEFFREY W. MILLER, LAWRENCE CRAPO
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

WITH the advent of synthetic glucocorticoids in the late 1940s, adrenalectomy ushered in the modern era of treatment for Cushing's syndrome. Nearly two decades later, the development of transsphenoidal microsurgical techniques allowed the treatment of Cushing's disease with preservation of anterior pituitary function. Medical treatment for hypercortisolism has also progressed during this time. In the 1950s and 1960s, steroidogenic blocking agents, metyrapone and aminoglutethimide, and the adrenolytic agent, mitotane, first achieved use, later to be joined by the imidazole derivative, ketoconazole. As understanding of ACTH neuroregulation advanced in subsequent decades, agents such as bromocriptine, cyproheptadine, and valproate achieved some clinical use. Most recently, a different class of agent, the steroid receptor antagonist RU-486, has been added to the list of potential therapeutic agents. Although medical therapies for Cushing's syndrome have proliferated, no single agent has yet achieved widespread clinical use compared to surgical therapy. The purpose of this paper is to review clinical studies of the pharmacotherapy of Cushing's syndrome, and to consider the indications for medical therapy in light of accumulated experience with medical, surgical, and radiation therapy.
Survival and function of adult and fetal hepatocytes transplanted into allogeneic thymus, in absence of immunosupressors
Authors: Nieves Mula, Elvira Arza, Francisco Javier, Cubero Javier, Codesal María del Socorro García-Barrutia, Elena Sierra, Jose Luis Castillo-Olivares, Rosa María Arahuetes, Paloma Maganto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Abstract 5201: Elucidating distinct roles for NF1 in melanomagenesis.
Authors: Ophélia Maertens, Bryan Johnson, Pablo Hollstein, Dennie Frederick, Zachary Cooper, Ludwine Messiaen, Roderick Bronson, Martin McMahon, Scott Granter, Keith Flaherty, Jennifer Wargo, Richard Marais, Karen Cichowski
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BRAF mutations play a well-established role in melanomagenesis; however, without additional genetic alterations tumor development is restricted by oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). Here we show that mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene cooperate with BRAF mutations in melanomagenesis by preventing OIS. In a genetically engineered mouse model, Nf1 mutations suppress Braf-induced senescence, promote melanocyte hyperproliferation, and enhance melanoma development. Nf1 mutations function by deregulating both PI3K and ERK pathways. As such, Nf1/Braf mutant tumors are resistant to BRAF inhibitors but are sensitive to combined MEK/mTOR inhibition. Importantly, NF1 is mutated or suppressed in human melanomas that harbor concurrent BRAF mutations, NF1 ablation decreases the sensitivity of melanoma cell lines to BRAF inhibitors, and NF1 is lost in tumors from patients following treatment with these agents. Collectively, these studies provide mechanistic insight into how NF1 cooperates with BRAF mutations in melanoma and demonstrate that NF1-inactivation may impact responses to targeted therapies. Citation Format: Ophélia Maertens, Bryan Johnson, Pablo Hollstein, Dennie Frederick, Zachary Cooper, Ludwine Messiaen, Roderick Bronson, Martin McMahon, Scott Granter, Keith Flaherty, Jennifer Wargo, Richard Marais, Karen Cichowski. Elucidating distinct roles for NF1 in melanomagenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5201. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5201
Updates and Progress
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Editorials1 July 1996Updates and ProgressFrank Davidoff, MD, EditorFrank Davidoff, MD, EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-1-199607010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Starting with the 1 January 1996 issue, Annals inaugurated a new format, the Updates, which replaces the previous Diagnosis and Treatment section. Much of Annals reports on medical advances, but, as described in our Information for Authors, Updates are specifically designed to present “recent, rapid evolution or development of concepts and practices. Content should offer guidance in clinical practice, with references to additional authoritative sources.”True, the kind of preoccupation with progress that has been described as “the traditional American love of new gadgetry and dread of being caught up in a fad past its prime” [1] can be excessive. ...References1. Nowlen PM. A New Approach to Continuing Education for Business and the Professions. New York: Collier Macmillan; 1988:24. Google Scholar2. Burnum JF. Medical practice a la mode. How medical fashions determine medical practice. N Engl J Med. 1987; 317:1220-2. Google Scholar3. Kuhn TS. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2d ed. Chicago: Univ Chicago Pr; 1970. Google Scholar4. Alpert JS, Cheitlin MD. Updates in cardiology. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:40-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 1Page: 76KeywordsToxicity Issue Published: 1 July 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Looking a Gift Horse in the Mouth
Authors: Eric G. Campbell, Karen Seashore Louis, David Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Throughout the last decade a number of studies have been conducted to examine academic-industry research relationships. However, to our knowledge, no studies to date have empirically examined academic scientists' experience with research-related gifts from companies.Objective.—To examine the frequency, importance, and potential implications of research-related gifts from companies to academic life scientists.Design.—A mailed survey conducted in 1994 and 1995 of 3394 faculty who conduct life science research at the 50 universities that received the most research funding from the National Institutes of Health in 1993.Setting.—Research-intensive universities.Participants.—A total of 2167 of the 3394 faculty responded to the survey (response rate, 64%).Main Outcome Measures.—The percentage of faculty who received a research-related gift from a company in the last 3 years, the perceived importance of gifts to respondents' research, and what, if anything, the recipient thought the donor(s) expected in return for the gift.Results.—Forty-three percent of respondents received a research-related gift in the last 3 years independent of a grant or contract. The most frequently received gifts were biomaterials (24%), discretionary funds (15%), research equipment and trips to meetings (11% each), support for students (9%), and other research-related gifts (3%). Of those who received a gift, 66% reported the gift was important to their research. More than half of the recipients reported that donors expected the following in return for the gift: acknowledgment in publications (63%), that the gift not be passed on to a third party (60%), and that the gift be used only for the agreed-on purposes (59%). A total of 32% of recipients reported that the donor wanted prepublication review of any articles or reports stemming from the use of the gift, 30% indicated the company expected testing of their products, and 19% indicated that a donor expected ownership of all patentable results from the research in which a gift was used. However, what recipients thought donors expected differed by the type of gift received.Conclusions.—Research-related gifts are a common and important form of research support for academic life scientists. However, recipients frequently think that donors place restrictions and expect returns that may be problematic for recipients as well as institutions.
Colonoscopic Appearance of the Remnant of the Appendix after Total Inversion
Authors: P. Järvensivu, J. Lehtola, A.L. Karvonen, A. Rinne, I. Suramo
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

In a series of 395 total colonoscopies, an oblong smooth tumor was seen in the cecum of six patients corresponding to the remnant of the totally inverted appendix. All the patients had undergone a laparotomy during which the appendix was inverted. The histological examination demonstrated a uniform finding without any signs of polyp or malignancy. Our findings stress that the appendix fails to undergo necrosis after total inversion in some cases, in which the changes in the cecum can be readily identified by total colonoscopy.
Prevention of Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B
Authors: Ai Kubo, Lyle Shlager, Amy R. Marks, Dena Lakritz, Colette Beaumont, Kim Gabellini, Douglas A. Corley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

For mothers with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends immunoprophylaxis to decrease perinatal transmission. However, its effectiveness and risk factors for failure have not been well-studied in community practice.To investigate the effectiveness of a contemporary immunoprophylaxis protocol.Observational study.An HBV perinatal immunoprophylaxis program within Kaiser Permanente Northern California.4446 infants born to 3253 HBV-positive mothers between 1997 and 2010.Adherence to immunoprophylaxis, follow-up testing rates, maternal risk factors for HBV transmission, and transmission rates.The infant infection rate was 0.75 per 100 births from 1997 to 2010 (Poisson 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.10). Rates per 100 births were 3.37 (CI, 2.08 to 5.14) for e antigen-positive mothers and 0.04 (CI, 0.001 to 0.24) for e antigen-negative mothers. Among mothers with viral load testing, the lowest level associated with transmission was 6.32 × 107 IU/mL. Infection rates per 100 births were 3.61 (CI, 0.75 to 10.56) among the 83 births to mothers with viral loads of 5 × 107 IU/mL or greater and 0 among the 831 births to mothers with viral loads less than 5 × 107 IU/mL, regardless of e antigen status.Testing for HBV immunity and infection was less complete in earlier years. Viral load testing was only consistently available starting in 2007.Prenatal HBV screening followed by postnatal prophylaxis is highly effective in preventing vertical transmission of HBV. A negative e antigen status or a viral load less than 5 × 107 IU/mL (90.9% of women tested) identifies women at extremely low risk for transmission after immunoprophylaxis who are unlikely to benefit from further interventions.Kaiser Permanente Community Benefit and National Institutes of Health.
Caution with home fetal Doppler devices
Authors: T. Aust, D. Ankers, A. Famoriyo
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 27 year old presented to our labour ward at 8 pm, 32 weeks into her first pregnancy with reduced fetal movements. She had first noted a reduction in fetal activity two days earlier but had used her own Doppler device to listen to the fetal heartbeat and reassured herself that everything was normal. A fetal cardiotocograph was not reassuring and showed reduced variability for over an hour. Steroids were given to enhance fetal lung …
Apremilast for Behçet’s Syndrome — A Phase 2, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Gulen Hatemi, Melike Melikoglu, Recep Tunc, Cengiz Korkmaz, Banu Turgut Ozturk, Cem Mat, Peter A. Merkel, Kenneth T. Calamia, Ziqi Liu, Lilia Pineda, Randall M. Stevens, Hasan Yazici, Yusuf Yazici
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Oral ulcers, the hallmark of Behçet's syndrome, can be resistant to conventional treatment; therefore, alternative agents are needed. Apremilast is an oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor that modulates several inflammatory pathways.
Government and MPs are united in their support for Francis Crick Institute
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government has welcomed the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report on the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation, now renamed the Francis Crick Institute.

In a response published on 13 September, the government applauds the committee’s “positive contribution” in taking forward the new research institute. In comments on each of the committee’s original recommendations there is broad agreement between the views expressed by the committee, and those held by the government. …
Computed Tomographic Density of Metastatic Lymph Nodes as a Treatment-Related Prognostic Factor in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: J.-N. Munck, E. Cvitkovic, J.-D. Piekarski, E. Benhamou, G. Recondo, M. Bachouchi, E. Tellez-Bernal, B. Luboinski, F. Eschwege, P. Wibault, J.-P. Armand
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Pretherapeutic identification of patients likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy for head and neck epidermoid cancer is of interest. We retrospectively analyzed the pretherapeutic computed tomographic (CT) scans of lymph nodes of 70 patients with head and neck cancer. All 70 patients were clinically classified as having stage IV disease. The purpose of our analysis was to compare the prognostic value of CT node density with that of the following factors: age, T and N categories, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, tumor site, histopathologic type of disease [squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type (UNCT)], and type of local-regional treatment. A simple two-grade nodal density grading system was devised. The density of normal adjacent muscle was chosen as the density standard. A node was classified grade 1 if less than 33% of the node consisted of hypodense zones. A node was classified grade 2 if more than 33% of the node consisted of hypodense zones. Patients with grade 1 nodes had a complete response rate of 68% (21/31) compared with 8% (3/39) for those with grade 2 nodes (P less than .0001). The only other factor associated with complete node response was UCNT (P less than .03). However, node density remained the significant prognostic factor after adjustment for histopathologic type. Follow-up ranged from 16 to 44 months, with a median of 29 months. Patients with grade 1 nodes had a median survival time of 32 months versus 13 months for those with grade 2 nodes (P less than .01). A prospective study should validate the prognostic value of CT node density and its possible use in determining optimal multimodal therapy for advanced head and neck cancers.
Hodgkin's disease presenting with osseous involvement
Authors: Divay Chandra, April Ewton, Kelty Baker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

A 51-year-old female presented with fever and fatigue that had begun 1 year earlier followed by approximately 6 months of left hip pain.Her physical examination was remarkable for pallor and lymphadenopathy.Two lymph nodes were present in the left posterior cervical lymph chain (each 1.5 cm in diameter) and a large lymph node (3 cm in diameter) was found in the left inguinal region.Severe pain was elicited upon active and passive motion of the left hip.Laboratory analysis revealed anemia (hemoglobin of 10.6 g/dL) and thrombocytosis (platelet count of 614,000/l).Both alkaline phosphatase (400 U/L) and 2-microglobulin (3.6 mg/L) were distinctly elevated.An MRI of the hips showed an aggressive process in the posteromedial aspect of the left iliac bone that had eroded posteriorly into the gluteal musculature (Image 1).A PET scan revealed increased tracer
Psychological Aspects of Physical Symptoms: A Dynamic Study of Forty-Five Hospitalized Medical Patients
Authors: Wilfred Dorfman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Physical symptoms as well as psychological factors are thoroughly investigated in this penetrating study of 45 consecutive admissions to the medical wards of a general hospital. Interviewing techniques used to elicit psychological material are adequately illustrated. Psychological data are presented along with a complete account of the physical findings and pertinent laboratory, roentgenographic, and other tests. In each patient, the psychological material is explored in depth in order to ascertain overt as well as hidden indications of psychological stress and shifts in psychological equilibrium. In addition, adequate references are made to the literature in each of the diagnostic categories encountered. This method of presentation of psychosomatic case material provides more than a mere token coverage of the somatic features present in each patient. Other psychosomatic studies too frequently pursue a unilateral approach which deals only with the psyche and completely represses the somatic material. A most stimulating opening chapter reviews
Commentary: Little real choice
Authors: H. Newton-John
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Home care of the long term mechanically ventilated patient is not new.1 Few hospital based teams, however, would be sufficiently innovative to embark on such a venture without previous experience. In the case of this child such was apparently the case, and a most satisfactory outcome resulted.

Two questions can reasonably be asked about the child's management. Firstly, how could the process of discharge from hospital to home have …
Ireland's waiting lists are inaccurate
Authors: D. Payne
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Republic of Ireland's hospital waiting list system is “flawed, unequitable and in need of re-engineering,” a leaked report from the Harvard Association has said.

The Irish government should “depoliticise” the waiting list and treat it purely as an ethical issue based on patients' medical needs, according to the report by the group of 50 Harvard graduates—all management specialists, but none of them working in the …
Perspectives on Violence
Authors: Frank J. Ayd
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Inherent in every man is the capacity to behave aggressively and violently. Consequently, the history of man is laced with innumerable episodes of individual, group, and national violence. Until recently, only a few people were sufficiently concerned about destructive human aggression to make a serious study of what sparks it and what could be done to prevent it. Now that man's capacity to destroy man has been enhanced by technology and altered moral codes, behavioral scientists have been compelled to study human violence in depth. This book evolved from the program "Alternatives to Violence" presented on May 1, 1971, in Washington, DC, at the annual meeting of the American College of Psychiatrists. It presents the thoughts of a psychiatrist, a historian, a social psychologist, and an anthropologist in relation to violence and aggression. Each participant is eminent in his field and each has the capacity to contribute concepts broader than
Chromium(VI) reduction by ascorbate: role of reactive intermediates in DNA damage in vitro.
Authors: D M Stearns, K D Courtney, P H Giangrande, L S Phieffer, K E Wetterhahn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Reaction of chromium(VI) with one equivalent of ascorbate was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in the presence of 0.10 M 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) at room temperature in 0.10 M (N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N'-[2-ethanesulfonic acid]) (HEPES) and 0.05 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) buffers (pH 7.0 room temperature). Chromium(V), ascorbyl radical, and carbon-based DMPO-radical adducts were observed. A higher level of Cr(V) was observed in HEPES buffer and a higher level of the DMPO-radical adducts was observed in Tris-HCl buffer. Chromium-DNA binding studies were carried out in vitro for calf thymus DNA incubated with Cr(VI) and ascorbate in both buffers at 37 degrees C. Higher Cr-DNA binding was observed in HEPES buffer. DNA strand-break studies were carried out in vitro on pBR322 DNA incubated with Cr(VI) and ascorbate in both buffers at 37 degrees C. Higher percent nicking was observed in Tris-HCl buffer. Addition of DMPO decreased nicking levels in Tris-HCl buffer. These results suggest that free radicals are more reactive than Cr(V) in producing DNA strand breaks and that Cr(V) will react with DNA to produce Cr-DNA adducts. The fact that buffer affects the nature of the reactive intermediates produced upon reduction of Cr(VI) may be related to differences in intracellular metabolism of Cr(VI) and resulting DNA damage observed in various cell culture systems and animal tissues in vivo.