On a New Procedure for the Removal of Small Calculi from the Bladder, in Male Children
Authors: T. Annandale
Journal: BMJ (1886)

TITE t B-nITJMVWSWCALVJrD F-MrAl.[Jtai * 188r).---,- 'but, with 'the exception of a case to be imentioned later,.we 'la.hevbr isiet with the characteristic cholera-bacteria.At thesathe timb-sHl who were suffdicently acquainted with bacterial work, have.eontinoddthemselv that the cholera-bacteria can be easily distinguishedi froml all other baeteria, and -that their characteristic properties justify u8 in regarding them as a specific independent variety.Further, te spread 6f dholera during the last year in Europe, has! 'afforded opportunities to a ntumber of physicians to test my statements' 'by the investigation of cholera-patients and cholera-eadavers,' and to' -onfirm thetn almost without exception.The first1thoroug-h investigations were made by Nicati and Rietseh, to whoe zI showed tho methods of investigation during my, stay' in' Marseilles.They have examnined a large number of cases (1fI any not nlistaken, tnore than thirty) for the presence of commabailli,.aad ha#b found them.in-anl without exception.Almost at the same time, iVAn ,ErmeAgem studied the epidemic in Marseilles, and likevise found the' comma-bacilli in all cases.Baber, Watson Cheyne, and Pfeiffer -give the same report from their observations in Paris.-"In, taly, the comma-bacilli have been found by Ceci, Escberich, A.ltrianni, and Fede.Lately, Schottelius has published somd 'facts ':with TegaTd to -positive results in Turin.Ceci's communicetions at to his investigations, made in the first instance in conjunction with Rlobs, areinlso far of interest, as both these investigators.atfirst iret poteel,'Atlt they had not found the comma-bacilli in all.caseg, and tha tthey had also been found in other diseases, for example, by' Klebs ih a case of pneumonia.Later, however, Ceci, 'who had Wotced 'With *inufficient-objectives, proctired a Zeiss's microscope with an oil lens 'a*d with this subsequently demonstrated the presence of the comama- bacilli in his preparations a-nd cultivations, so ithat he is now, 'as he himself told me, convinced of their constant presence 'in cholera.I meeived from Klebs'a preparation from' the above-mentioned case 'of pnenithroia, as well as a portion of the evacuations in 'question ,'but 1 -bsve' net succeeded in finding any cholera-bacteria in them' I do tot believe&thit Klebs still insists on identifying the bacteria' inquiestion with 'chdlera-bacteria, on account of their very doubtful morphological r4aemhlahoe; alone, as all cultivation-experiments yielded liegative results.--I can also add herb some facts with reaard to further investigations i*h1Ws I! heve myself made.When I left Calciatta, I gare the re- 'niaiinddr of my cover-glasses to Dr. Dissent, physician at the ,SealdahHospital' with the reqtuest that he would make preparhtions of the ifitestinal contents from cases tof cholera.Dr. Dissent, whom I have to thanlk for much help in procuring material for investigation during roy stay iti Calcutta, and for very valuable information with regard to cholera in Bengal, has also carried out this request with the greatest Willingniess, and has, in the course of half a year, sent me cover-glasses dfrbom more than eighty cholera-cases, from every case about five epyer- 'glasses.Of these, only seventy-nine could be used, as sounetoo*er- glassbs were spoilt during the transport.Of these seventy-ninbo ases, whi6h were examined here by Drs.Weisser and Frank, seventy-sit dtane from post mortem examinations, and three from dejeeat of phtients.Comma-bacilli were absent ini only five of these 'case, ,&n4'jiij these fire the preparations consisted of numerous red blood-corptsF 'les, whence it mnay be concluded that they came from cases at a late ste<e 'of the diseaise.In thirty-seven cases, the bacilli weroe presen 'vdderate numbers, buit quite sufficient to enable one to demotst,ratt them iWith eTtainty.Of these, thirty contained blood ; in threb it was:doubtful whether blood was present or not, and in four therc "Was n6; blood'.Twenty-seven of the preparations contained very many bcilli, !and iri ten cases there was almost a pure cultihation.The "latter again confirmed my former Itatements, that the move rapi the case the more numerous and the purer were the comniaihlcilli_!' hale, further, something to show you whieh 'has a certain atnount of interest: it, is a number of cholera-cultivations from "different sobrdes.I redeived, from almost' all those who have found the&hblera- bacten-a duiring the recent epidemic, specimens of their cultitations.and it seemed to me of value to est' these to see' if they corresponded in all thbir'properties.I have for this purpose collected thei, and you seb here cu'ftivations from Marseilles, three different ones from Parig, and two from 'Italy.Along with them, you see ona brought by me from Toulo±' No diference can be observed.inthese oultivations,