tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal localization of putative tumor-suppressor genes in several human cancers.
Authors: J Yokota, T Sugimura, M Terada
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis was performed on several different types of human cancers, including carcinoma of the uterine cervix, neuroblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, stomach cancer, and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), to determine the chromosomal loci of putative tumor-suppressor genes in each type of tumor because less of heterozygosity (LOH) is supposed to unmask the recessive mutation of tumor-suppressor gene in the remaining allele. Chromosomal loci showing frequent LOH differed among these tumors, suggesting that there are several tumor-suppressor genes in the human genome and that critical genes for the development of each type of tumor are different. In some cases LOH was observed in the early stage of tumor such as chromosome 3p loss in carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and in other cases it was observed only in the advanced stage of tumor such as chromosomes 4 and 16q loss in hepatocellular carcinoma. These results suggest that there are two different types of tumor-suppressor genes: one is the gene whose inactivation is responsible for malignant transformation of a normal cell and the other is the gene whose inactivation is responsible for the progression of a tumor cell. In SCLC, LOH at three different chromosomal loci, 3p, 13q, and 17p, was simultaneously observed in nearly 100% of tumors. It was observed even in stage I tumors and an untreated tumor, and it occurred prior to N-myc amplification. These results may imply that at least six genetic alterations are necessary to convert a normal cell into a fully malignant cancer cell in SCLC.
Recovery of Cerebral Blood Flow Following Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Timothy B. Meier, Patrick S. F. Bellgowan, Rashmi Singh, Rayus Kuplicki, David W. Polanski, Andrew R. Mayer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Animal models suggest that reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) is one of the most enduring physiological deficits following concussion. Despite this, longitudinal studies documenting serial changes in regional CBF following human concussion have yet to be performed.To longitudinally assess the recovery of CBF in a carefully selected sample of collegiate athletes and compare time course of CBF recovery with that of cognitive and behavioral symptoms.A cohort of collegiate football athletes (N = 44) participated in this mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional study at a private research institute specializing in neuroimaging between March 2012 and December 2013. Serial imaging occurred approximately 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postconcussion for a subset of participants (n = 17). All athletes reported no premorbid mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, or alcohol abuse.Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging was used to collect voxelwise relative CBF at each visit. Neuropsychiatric evaluations and a brief cognitive screen were also performed at all 3 points. Clinicians trained in sports medicine provided an independent measure of real-world concussion outcome (ie, number of days withheld from competition).The results indicated both cognitive (simple reaction time) and neuropsychiatric symptoms at 1 day postinjury that resolved at either 1 week (cognitive; P < .005) or 1 month (neuropsychiatric; P < .005) postinjury. Imaging data suggested both cross-sectional (ie, healthy vs concussed athletes; P < .05) and longitudinal (1 day and 1 week vs 1 month postinjury; P < .001) evidence of CBF recovery in the right insular and superior temporal cortex. Importantly, CBF in the dorsal midinsular cortex was both decreased at 1 month postconcussion in slower-to-recover athletes (t11 = 3.45; P = .005) and was inversely related to the magnitude of initial psychiatric symptoms (Hamilton Depression Scale: r = -0.64, P = .02; Hamilton Anxiety Scale: r = -0.56, P = .046), suggesting a potential prognostic indication for CBF as a biomarker.To our knowledge, these results provide the first prospective evidence of reduced CBF in human concussion and subsequent recovery. The resolution of CBF abnormalities closely mirrors previous reports from the animal literature and show real-world validity for predicting outcome following concussion.
The Baucus Bill and the Hope for Reform
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

After months of wrangling with Republicans over the appropriate role of government in health care, the Senate Finance Committee's 13 Democrats were joined by a lone Republican, Senator Olympia Snowe of Maine, on October 13 in approving a reform bill that would establish a mandate for most individuals to obtain health insurance. The 14-to-9 vote by the panel, chaired by Senator Max Baucus (D-MT), moved the reform process to the next step: blending the Finance Committee bill with a more liberal one previously approved by the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee. Snowe said that her decision about whether . . .
The Myth of the Abortion Trauma Syndrome
Authors: Nada L. Stotland
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THIS is an article about a medical syndrome that does not exist. A so-called abortion trauma syndrome has been described in written material and on television and radio programs. For example, leaflets warning of deleterious physical and emotional consequences of abortion have been distributed on the streets of cities in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Women who have undergone induced abortion are said to suffer an "abortion trauma syndrome or "postabortion trauma" that will cause long-term damage to their health. One such leaflet states, Most often a woman will feel the consequences of her decision within days of her abortion. If they don't appear immediately, they will appear as she gets older. Emotional scars include unexplained depression, a loss of the ability to get close to others, repressed emotions, a hardening of the spirit, thwarted maternal instincts (which may lead to child abuse or neglect later in Ufe), intense feelings of
FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON THE EFFECTS OF LONG CONTINUED INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS OF PROTEINS
Authors: Paul G. Woolley, Amie DeMar, Daisy Clark
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

We have attempted to discover whether or not certain protein materials, such as albumose, casein, and albumen, when introduced parenterally (peritoneally) into experimental animals, are able to produce organic lesions. These proteins were used alone or in combination with chloroform, which was administered in oil and as an anesthetic. Our results were negative.
Multiple Myeloma: What's New
Authors: B. G. M. Durie
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2001)

With conventional therapy, only 5% of multiple myeloma patients achieve complete response. But in recent clinical trials of high-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant, complete remission rates of 25-30% can be affected with median survival exceeding 5 years. Newer approaches in clinical trials, including more potent induction regimens utilizing thalidomide, alone or in combination with dexamethasone, are improving treatment outcomes. The authors suggest that potential for a cure now appears to be within reach.
Acute Respiratory Inflammation in Children and Black Carbon in Ambient Air before and during the 2008 Beijing Olympics
Authors: Weiwei Lin, Wei Huang, Tong Zhu, Min Hu, Bert Brunekreef, Yuanhang Zhang, Xingang Liu, Hong Cheng, Ulrike Gehring, Chengcai Li, Xiaoyan Tang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Epidemiologic evidence for a causative association between black carbon (BC) and health outcomes is limited.We estimated associations and exposure-response relationships between acute respiratory inflammation in schoolchildren and concentrations of BC and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in ambient air before and during the air pollution intervention for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.We measured exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) as an acute respiratory inflammation biomarker and hourly mean air pollutant concentrations to estimate BC and PM2.5 exposure. We used 1,581 valid observations of 36 subjects over five visits in 2 years to estimate associations of eNO with BC and PM2.5 according to generalized estimating equations with polynomial distributed-lag models, controlling for body mass index, asthma, temperature, and relative humidity. We also assessed the relative importance of BC and PM2.5 with two-pollutant models.Air pollution concentrations and eNO were clearly lower during the 2008 Olympics. BC and PM2.5 concentrations averaged over 0-24 hr were strongly associated with eNO, which increased by 16.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 14.1-19.2%] and 18.7% (95% CI, 15.0-22.5%) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in BC (4.0 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (149 μg/m3), respectively. In the two-pollutant model, estimated effects of BC were robust, but associations between PM2.5 and eNO decreased with adjustment for BC. We found that eNO was associated with IQR increases in hourly BC concentrations up to 10 hr after exposure, consistent with effects primarily in the first hours after exposure.Recent exposure to BC was associated with acute respiratory inflammation in schoolchildren in Beijing. Lower air pollution levels during the 2008 Olympics also were associated with reduced eNO.
Surviving Adult Cancers. Part 1: Physiologic Effects
Authors: Lois J. Loescher, Deborah Welch-McCaffrey, Susan A. Leigh, Barbara Hoffman, Frank L. Meyskens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Purpose: To provide an overview of the physiologic long-term and late effects of adult cancers and cancer treatments by a review of the medical and nursing literature. Data Identification: Primarily from an English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1980 to 1988) and Index Medicus (1980 to 1988). Study Selection: After a consensus review by four observers, 285 articles were selected that addressed the stated purpose. Data Extraction: Four observers assessed the literature using predetermined criteria for eliciting information about long-term and late effects. Results and Data Synthesis: Much has been written about the acute phases of cancer and cancer treatments. In comparison, relatively few data are available that define physiologic long-term and late effects of cancer treatments in adult survivors. Review of the existing data showed that these sequelae may affect virtually any body system months or years after treatment ends. In addition, few prospective studies dealing with physiologic survivorship issues have been done. Conclusions: Health care providers need to be aware of long-term or late complications that may affect the increasing number of adult cancer survivors. Attention to treatment regimens in the acute cancer phase and careful follow-up once the disease is eradicated may help to prevent or manage these complications. More prospective research should be done in this area.
Argon Plasma Coagulation for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Radiation Proctitis
Authors: None Kaassis, None Oberti, None Burtin, None Boyer
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Chronic radiation proctitis is a complication of radiotherapy for malignant pelvic diseases. Rectal bleeding caused by radiation proctitis is difficult to manage. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is an electrocoagulation technique that appears to be an effective and low-cost alternative to the use of lasers in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of APC, as well as patients' tolerance of the procedure, in the treatment of bleeding radiation-induced proctitis.The charts of 16 patients with chronic radiation proctitis were analyzed retrospectively. Their average age was 73.5 (range 62-80). Fifteen patients had prostate cancer, and one had uterine cancer. The average time to onset of symptoms after radiotherapy was 15 months (range 6-36 months). All patients had intermittent or daily rectal bleeding, and three patients needed blood transfusions. The severity of bleeding was graded from 0 to 4. APC treatment was administered every month; the argon gas flow was set at 0.6 l/min with an electrical power setting of 40 W.All patients were improved with APC treatment. A mean of 3.7 sessions was necessary to relieve symptoms. APC therapy resulted in a reduction in the mean severity score from 2.4 to 0.6. Seven patients had no recurrent rectal bleeding, and the bleeding was significantly reduced to occasional and negligible spotting (less than one bleeding episode per week) in nine patients. None of the patients required transfusions after treatment. During the follow-up period (average 10.7 months, range 8-28 months), one patient had a recurrence of rectal bleeding that required two repeat sessions. The tolerance was good, with no long-term treatment-related complications.APC is an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment for rectal bleeding caused by chronic radiation proctitis. It should be considered as a first-line therapy for radiation proctitis.
Risk of acquiring Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from blood transfusions: systematic review of case-control studies
Authors: K. Wilson, C. Code, M. N Ricketts
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the strength of association between history of blood transfusion and development of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. <b>Data sources:</b> English and non-English language articles published from January 1966 to January 1999 were retrieved using a keyword search of Medline and Embase. These were supplemented by handsearching key journals and searching bibliographies of reviews. <b>Study selection:</b> Two independent reviewers selected the relevant abstracts and articles. Articles were chosen that reported the results of case-control studies trying to identify rates of prior blood transfusion in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in controls. <b>Data extraction:</b> Odds ratios and information on study quality were extracted from the selected articles by two independent reviewers. <b>Data synthesis:</b> Five studies containing data on 2479 patients were included. Three of the five studies used medical or neurological patients as controls, the other two used population controls. Odds ratios for developing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from blood transfusion ranged from 0.54 to 0.89. Four of the five studies had confidence intervals that crossed 1.0. The combined odds ratio was 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.54 to 0.89). <b>Conclusions:</b> Case-control studies do not suggest a risk of developing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from blood transfusion. Rather, a trend seems to exist towards a lower frequency of previous blood transfusion in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease than in controls. However, it is important to be aware of these studies9 methodological limitations—primarily the choice of control population and reliability of recall of transfusion status.
Lavage to Remove Enteric-Coated Aspirin and Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Authors: MERLE R. SOGGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

ExcerptEnteric-coated aspirin is commonly prescribed to decrease the gastrointestinal side-effects associated with aspirin therapy. A previous report described the accumulation of 66 intact enteric-coated aspirin in the stomach with subsequent surgical removal (1). We report a second case of the accumulation of intact enteric-coated aspirin in the stomach secondary to gastric outlet obstruction. However, the tablets were removed by gastric lavage with a sodium bicarbonate solution.Patient No. 1875 had duodenal ulcer disease since 1961. Eighteen months before admission he experienced transient ischemic attacks. Papaverine and aspirin were prescribed. Six months before admission he was placed on enteric-coated aspirin because...
Disruption and Innovation in Health Care
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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Thomas Archer (“Archie”) Blyton
Authors: Maurice Betts
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Consultant chest physician North Derbyshire hospitals 1950-75 (b Penyfai, Mid-Glamorgan, 1910; q Cardiff 1934; TD, BSc, MD), died from pneumonia on 9 May 2004.

He grew up in a mining community, and worked much of his career in another, becoming an authority on pneumoconiosis. He had TB pleurisy as a young man, so knew what lung disease felt like, and brought a dynamic compassion to his practice. In retirement he pursued his great love, fly fishing. He leaves a wife, Catharine; a daughter; and three grandchildren.
Lipoprotein lipase modulates net secretory output of apolipoprotein B in vitro. A possible pathophysiologic explanation for familial combined hyperlipidemia.
Authors: K J Williams, K A Petrie, R W Brocia, T L Swenson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We showed previously that net secretory output of apolipoprotein B (apo B) from cultured human hepatoma cells (HepG2) is regulated by rapid reuptake of nascent lipoproteins before they have diffused away from the vicinity of the cells. We now sought to determine if the nascent lipoproteins could be remodeled to enhance or impede reuptake. We found that lipoprotein lipase (LpL), an enzyme that hydrolyzes lipoprotein triglyceride, reduced HepG2 output of apo B to one-quarter to one-half of control. The reduction was apparent during co-incubations as short as 2 h and as long as 24 h. Heparin, which blocks receptor-mediated binding of lipoproteins, abolished the effect of LpL on apo B output, without causing enzyme inhibition. To assess uptake directly, we prepared labeled nascent lipoproteins. LpL tripled the cellular uptake of labeled nascent lipoproteins, from 15.2% +/- 0.7% to 48.7% +/- 0.3% of the total applied to the cells. Cellular uptake of 125I-labeled anti-LDL receptor IgG was unaffected by LpL; thus, LpL enhanced reuptake by altering lipoproteins, not receptors. Because LpL is present in the space of Disse in the liver, we conclude that LpL may act on newly secreted lipoproteins to enhance reuptake in vivo. LpL deficiency would reduce local reuptake of apo B, which would appear as overproduction, thereby providing a mechanistic link between partial LpL deficiency and familial combined hyperlipidemia.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Potentiates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration to Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
Authors: J. Geoffrey Pickering, Shashi Uniyal, Carol M. Ford, Thu Chau, Mary Ann Laurin, Lawrence H. Chow, Christopher G. Ellis, Jonathan Fish, Bosco M. C. Chan
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, a key process in vascular disease. We demonstrate here that FGF-2 promotes SMC motility by altering β 1 integrin–mediated interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). FGF-2 significantly increased surface expression of α 2 β 1 , α 3 β 1 , and α 5 β 1 integrins on human SMCs, as assessed by flow cytometry. The greatest increase was for the collagen-binding α 2 β 1 integrin. Despite this, FGF-2 did not increase SMC adhesion to type I collagen but instead promoted SMC elongation and SMC motility. The latter was evaluated by using a microchemotaxis chamber and by digital time-lapse video microscopy. Although FGF-2 was not chemotactic for human SMCs, cells preincubated with FGF-2 displayed a 3.1-fold increase in migration to the undersurface of porous type I collagen–coated membranes and a 2.1-fold increase in migration speed on collagen. Furthermore, chemotaxis to platelet-derived growth factor-BB on collagen was significantly greater in SMCs exposed to FGF-2. FGF-2–induced elongation and migration on collagen were inhibited by a blocking anti-α 2 β 1 antibody; however, SMC adhesion to collagen was unaffected. SMC migration on fibronectin was also enhanced by FGF-2, although less prominently: migration through porous membranes increased 1.8-fold, and migration speed increased 1.3-fold. Also, FGF-2 completely disassembled the smooth muscle α-actin–containing stress fiber network contemporaneously with the change in integrin expression and cell shape. We conclude that (1) exogenous FGF-2 promotes SMC migration and potentiates chemotaxis to PDGF-BB; (2) the promigratory effect of FGF-2 is especially prominent on type I collagen and is mediated by upregulation of α 2 β 1 integrin; and (3) FGF-2 disassembles actin stress fibers, which may promote differential utilization of α 2 β 1 integrin for motility but not adhesion. This dynamic SMC-ECM interplay may be an important mechanism by which FGF-2 facilitates SMC motility in vivo.
Activation of proto-oncogenes in human and mouse lung tumors.
Authors: S H Reynolds, M W Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in several nations. Epidemiological studies have indicated that 85% of all lung cancer deaths and 30% of all cancer deaths in the U.S. are associated with tobacco smoking. Various chemicals in tobacco smoke are thought to react with DNA and to ultimately yield heritable mutations. In an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in lung tumorigenesis, we have analyzed proto-oncogene activation in a series of human lung tumors from smokers and spontaneously occurring and chemically induced lung tumors in mice. Approximately 86% of the human lung tumors and greater than 90% of the mouse lung tumors were found to contain activated oncogenes. ras Oncogenes activated by point mutations were detected in many of the human lung adenocarcinomas and virtually all of the mouse lung adenomas and adenocarcinomas. The mutation profiles of the activated K-ras genes detected in the chemically induced mouse lung tumors suggest that the observed mutations result from genotoxic effects of the chemicals. Comparison of the K-ras mutations observed in the human lung adenocarcinomas with mutation profiles observed in the mouse lung tumors suggest that bulky hydrophobic DNA adducts may be responsible for the majority of the mutations observed in the activated human K-ras genes. Other data indicate that approximately 20% of human lung tumors contain potentially novel transforming genes that may also be targets for mutagens in cigarette smoke.