tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of acute diarrhoea in diabetic patients using oral rehydration solutions containing glucose, rice, or glycine
Authors: R Haider, A K A. Khan, S K Roy, N Dewan, A N Alam, D Mahalanabis
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the risk of hyperglycaemia with two standard oral rehydration solutions that contain carbohydrate compared with a carbohydrate free solution during rehydration of diabetic patients with acute diarrhoea. <b>Design</b>: Prospective randomised allocation to one of three oral rehydration solutions (World Health Organisation (glucose), rice, or glycine) groups after admission to hospital wit acute diarrhoea. <b>Setting</b>: Dhaka hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh. <b>Subjects</b>: 45 diabetic patients aged between 15 and 60 who had had diarrhoea for fewer than three days on admission. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Fluctuation of blood glucose concentrations measured three times a day, daily stool output, and time taken for recovery from diarrhoea. <b>Results</b>: There were no significant differences in blood glucose concentrations, stool output, and duration of recovery from diarrhoea among the three groups. <b>Conclusions</b>: Oral rehydration solutions containing glucose, rice powder, or glycine can be safely administered to diabetic patients with acute diarrhoea and some dehydration.
Components of airway disease
Authors: D. L. Hahn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

To the Editors: 

“What we think we know already often prevents us from learning” (Claude Bernard)

I endorse the view of Hargreave and Parameswaran 1 that the components of airway disease, inflammation (bronchitis), reversibility (asthma), and chronic airflow limitation (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), are not “mutually exclusive and […] commonly occur together.” …
Accurate Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Intravascular Ultrasound Data
Authors: James L. Evans, Kok-Hwee Ng, Stephen G. Wiet, Michael J. Vonesh, William B. Burns, Martin G. Radvany, Bonnie J. Kane, Charles J. Davidson, Sanford I. Roth, Barry L. Kramer, Sheridan N. Meyers, David D. McPherson
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The geometrical accuracy of conventional three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction methods for intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) data (coronary and peripheral) is hampered by the inability to register spatial image orientation and by respiratory and cardiac motion. The objective of this work was the development of improved IVUS reconstruction techniques. Methods and Results We developed a 3D position registration method that identifies the spatial coordinates of an in situ IVUS catheter by use of simultaneous ECG-gated biplane digital cinefluoroscopy. To minimize distortion, coordinates underwent pincushion correction and were referenced to a standardized calibration cube. Gated IVUS data were acquired digitally, and the spatial locations of the imaging planes were matched to their corresponding coordinates. Image points were then transformed relative to their respective 3D coordinates, rendered in binary voxel format, resliced, and displayed on an image-processing workstation for off-line analysis. The method was tested by use of phantoms (straight tube, 360° circle, 240° spiral) and an in vitro coronary artery model. In vivo feasibility was assessed in patients who underwent routine interventional coronary procedures accompanied by IVUS evaluation. Actual versus calculated point locations were within 1.0±0.3 mm of each other (n=39). Calculated phantom volumes were within 4% of actual volumes. Phantom 3D reconstruction appropriately demonstrated complex morphology. Initial patient evaluation demonstrated method feasibility as well as errors if respiratory and ECG gating were not used. Conclusions These preliminary data support the use of this new method of 3D reconstruction of vascular structures with use of combined vascular ultrasound data and simultaneous ECG-gated biplane cinefluoroscopy.
Left Ventricular Function During Cross-Clamping of the Descending Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Isidore Mandelbaum
Journal: JAMA (1963)

PARTIAL CONSTRICTION of the descending thoracic aorta is necessary in pulmonary arteryaortic anastomosis for cyanotic heart disease and complete occlusion in resectional therapy for aneurysm. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that protection of the kidneys and the spinal cord from ischemic change during crossclamping of the aorta may be afforded by bypass flows of approximately 15 to 20 cc/kg/min.<sup>1</sup>The purpose of the present investigation was to study physiological events occurring proximal to the constricted aorta. Left ventricular performance was evaluated when the aorta was partially and completely occluded and when graded bypass flows were carried out. <h3>Method</h3> Ventricular function was determined by a modification of the method of Sarnoff and Berglund.<sup>2</sup>Twenty healthy mongrel dogs weighing 13 to 18 kg were studied. Ten animals were operated on and caval blood was diverted into an extracorporeal circuit by gravity-siphon drainage. The pulmonary artery was ligated.
THREE CASES OF POST-PARTUM HAeMORRHAGE
Authors: F. J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1853)

AUGUST 12, produced great uneasiness and distension of the stomach.An emetic was exhibited, which acted about twenty times, and produced also several evacuations from the bowels.Spasmodic contraction of the esophagus set in, and the men- strual discharge, which had just app)eared, was suppressed.Five days passed without anything entering the stomach; the patient was greatly exhausted fromn want of food, and suffered intensely from thirst.An clastic tube was now introduced into the stomach with some difficultv, and through this food was administered.At the expiration of ten weeks, the menstrual discharge reappeared, anid the spasm subsided.Carron * mentions an instance where a strong emetic excited spasmodic stricture of the cesophagus.
Ethics as an Act of Listening
Authors: Wendy Lipworth, Bronwen Morrell, Ian Kerridge
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Over the past fifty years concerns regarding ethical and human rights abuses arising from biomedical research have led to the establishment of sophisticated processes for ethical oversight of research and to increasing regulation of many aspects of the research endeavour. Research using human tissue collections (tissue banking research) is no exception, with evermore stringent regulations emerging in response to concerns about consent, privacy and commercialisation. These measures are perfectly compatible with central bioethical concerns such as the need to ensure autonomy and the right to control one’s body and personal information, and the need to protect vulnerable research subjects from harm. So why, one might ask, are scientists so resentful of these regulations and so concerned about their potential adverse impact (e.g. Furness 2004)? Does this mean that the scientific community is dangerously insensitive to the public’s mistrust and desire for autonomy? Or are they more aware of public values? It is possible to theorise endlessly about such matters, but at some point it is necessary to carry out empirical research into public attitudes and values. While the ‘empirical turn’ in bioethics has its limitations and is primarily descriptive, rather than normative (Sugarman 2004), as Chandros Hull et al remind us, if bioethics does not accurately reflect community values may impede science and misrepresent the needs of “vulnerable” populations.
IL-10 Gene Modified Dendritic Cells Inhibit T Helper Type 1-Mediated Alloimmune Responses and Promote Immunological Tolerance in Diabetes
Authors: Huifen Zhu, Wenhong Qiu, Ping Lei, Wei Zhou, Xue Wen, Fengrong He, Li Li, Hong Dai, Guanxin Shen, Feili Gong
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2008)
This house believes doctors are neglecting their duty to lead health service changes: Second opposer
Authors: M. Goldman
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Medicine has been evolving for thousands of years. The National Health Service is 60 years young. It is an instrument of delivery of health services led by politicians and directed by civil servants to promote the health of the nation. At its core the relative priorities of health care and the way they are received by patients and communities in the UK are shaped by policy. Between the policy at the centre and the individual patient in the distant community are structures which are in a constant state of flux. The NHS is but one of many systems in use worldwide and, by most measurements, not …
Non-Infective Enlargement of Lymph Nodes
Authors: J. M. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1939)

In dealing with the " non-infective" enlargement of the lymph nodes it is necessary that uniformity of description and terminology should be arrived at by, all pathologists on whom the onus of biopsy diagnosis rests.The reaction of various conditions to therapeutic measures cannot be pronounced with certainty until we are sure that similar conditions are being compared, nor can any prognosis be made until a considerable number of adequately diagnosed and classified conditions have been treated and the results assessed.In this paper a classification is put forward based on the cytology of the lymph gland, and the clinical conditions represented by the various groups are sum- marized so far as they are at present established.Structure of Lymph Glands According to the views of Maximow (1927), in the lymphatic glands and lymphadenoid tissue generally, and in the bone marrow, the same fundamental structure is present.This consists of a framework of argyrophil recticulin fibrils, closely associated with which is an undifferentiated syncytium.-In the meshes are located the immature and maturing free cells of the blood.The un- differentiated syncytium is mesenchymal in its nature and is capable of differentiating along various lines (Table I).TABLE 1(--Fibrocytes Undifferentiated I-Tissue histiocytes Free macrophages mesenchyme -.-Littoral cells-----or histiocytes cells Reticulum cells-(in inflammation ymphoblasts -= or cell culture) largelymphocytes -*Small lymphocytes --'Monocytes -s.Myelocytes ----Granulocytes Haemocytoblasts-1 --Erythroblasts------->Erythrocytes --Megakaryocytes --PlateletsThe reticular syncytium does not perform any metabolic function, is not phagocytic in character, and does not store vital dyes.Under stimulation, reticulum cells are formed from the reticular syncytium.These are large oval or stellate cells, with an oval vesicular nucleus; a well-defined nucleolus is present.They still possess un- restricted potentialities -for differentiation, and may be phagocytic and store vital dyes.Similar cells are found in connective tissues near the blood vessels.The venous sinuses of the splenic pulp and bone marrow, and the lymphatic sinuses in the lymph glands,
Stereoselective Interaction of Phenylbutazone with [12C/13C]Warfarin Pseudoracemates in Man
Authors: Robert A. O'Reilly, William F. Trager, Catherine H. Motley, William Howald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

To evaluate the interaction of phenylbutazone with racemic warfarin or R,S-(+/-)-warfarin in man, S-(-)-warfarin or levowarfarin was synthesized with (13)C label in the 2-position of the coumarin nucleus and added to [(12)C]R(+)-warfarin or dextrowarfarin to form a [(12)C/(13)C]pseudoracemate of warfarin. In six normal human subjects, a single oral dose of this "cold labeled" pseudoracemate, 1.5 mg/kg body weight, was administered with and without a daily dosage of phenylbutazone, 300 mg orally, beginning 3 d before the warfarin dose and continuing throughout the hypoprothrombinemia. Plasma samples were obtained daily and analyzed for warfarin content and for one-stage prothrombin activity. Unchanged warfarin in the plasma was fractionated by normal-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and the enantiomorphic ratios were determined by chemical-ionization mass spectrometry with pentadeuteriowarfarin as the internal standard. A highly significant augmentation of the hypoprothrombinemia of the pseudoracemate occurred during the phenylbutazone regimen (P < 0.001) compared with pseudoracemic warfarin administered alone. There was a highly significant increase in the plasma clearance of dextrowarfarin (P < 0.01) and a significant decrease in the plasma clearance of levowarfarin (P < 0.05) during the phenylbutazone regimen compared with administration of warfarin alone. It was concluded that phenylbutazone augmented the hypoprothrombinemia of pseudoracemic warfarin stereoselectively by inhibiting the metabolic disposition of the more hypoprothrombinemic levowarfarin, yet reduced the plasma levels of pseudoracemic warfarin by greatly augmenting the metabolic disposition of dextrowarfarin.
THE PROSPECTS AND VICISSITUDES OF APPENDICITIS AFTER OPERATION: Read before the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, February 28th, 1905
Authors: F. Treves
Journal: BMJ (1905)

THE matters, Mr. President, whichyou have done me the honour to ask me to discuss arrange themselves under two heads:I. The degree of imperfect relief, or of imperfect recovery after operation.2. The complications which may attend operation, and which may be regarded as accidental or independent of the direct surgical results of the case.
Failure of Thyroxine Therapy for Graves Disease
Authors: Ali Rizvi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 April 1996Failure of Thyroxine Therapy for Graves DiseaseAli Rizvi, MD and Lawrence M. Crapo, MD, PhDAli Rizvi, MDSanta Clara Valley Medical Center; San Jose, CA 95128Search for more papers by this author and Lawrence M. Crapo, MD, PhDSanta Clara Valley Medical Center; San Jose, CA 95128Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:More than 4 years ago, Hashizume and colleagues [1] reported a new medical treatment for Graves disease that was associated with an astonishingly low relapse rate. In this study, 60 hyperthyroid patients were rendered euthyroid with methimazole and then treated for 1 year with both methimazole, 10 mg/d, and thyroxine, 100 µg/d, followed by thyroxine alone for 3 more years. Only 1 of these 60 patients (1.7%) became hyperthyroid during the 4-year study period, compared with 17 of 49 patients (34.7%) in a control group receiving placebo instead of thyroxine. To explain this dramatic result, the researchers ...References1. Hashizume K, Ichikawa K, Sakurai A, Suzuki S, Takeda T, Kobayashi M, et al. Administration of thyroxine in treated Graves' disease—effects on the level of antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors and on the risk of recurrence of hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324:947-53. Google Scholar2. Hashizume K, Ichikawa K, Nishii Y, Kobayashi M, Sakurai A, Miyamoto T, et al. Effect of administration of thyroxine on the risk of postpartum recurrence of hyperthyroid Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992; 55:108-12. Google Scholar3. Tamai H, Hayaki I, Kawai K, Komaki G, Matsubayashi S, Kuma K, et al. Lack of effect of thyroxine administration on elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels in treated Graves' disease patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995; 80:1481-4. Google Scholar4. Hershman JM. Does thyroxine therapy prevent recurrence of Graves' hyperthyroidism? [Editorial] J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995; 80:1479-80. Google Scholar5. Zwicker H, Abbott C, Douglas R, Givner M, Lehman L, Reddy S, et al. Effect of methimazole plus thyroxine on serum levels of TSH-receptor antibodies in Graves' disease [Abstract]. 77th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting. 1995; OR11-1:60. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Santa Clara Valley Medical Center; San Jose, CA 95128 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGraves’ DiseaseAn update on the medical treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidismGraves’ DiseaseTerapia della tireotossicosiThionamide Drug TherapyBenzodiazepine and Remission of Graves' Disease 1 April 1996Volume 124, Issue 7Page: 694KeywordsAutoimmunityDrugsGeneticsHospitalsHyperthyroidismThyroidThyroxine Issue Published: 1 April 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Portal Hypertension Five Years After Splenectomy
Authors: Marlys H. Witte, Charles L. Witte
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In 1969, (208:1661, 1969) we called attention to divergent blood and lymph circulatory dynamics in patients with ascites from hepatic cirrhosis. It was suggested that a rapid splenic circulation might be the primary (although not necessarily exclusive) factor generating high portal pressure. Recently, we had the opportunity to restudy five years later the portal circulation in patient 1 in whom splenectomy led to prompt remission of ascites and hypersplenism. During the intervening years, she remained free of ascites while she followed a regular diet without diuretic drug medication. Chemical tests of liver function and hepatic histology remained unchanged. Compared to preoperative splenoportography five years earlier, the venous phase of celiac angiography revealed diminution in size of the originally markedly enlarged portal vein but continued excellent perfusion of the liver with portal blood (Figure). Hepatic wedge pressure, which had been 44 cm to 16 cm saline before and
Critics of the NHS reforms have lost sight of what they can deliver, hears conference
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The government adviser on clinical commissioning for the new look NHS has hit back at the professional bodies lining up in a last ditch attempt to derail the proposed healthcare legislation for England ahead of its scheduled passage through the House of Lords.

Speaking at a GovNet conference on long term conditions in London on 1 February, James Kingsland, national clinical lead of the NHS Commissioning Community and current president of the National Association of Primary Care suggested that opponents were too caught up in the detail to see the bigger picture.

“We have got a huge opportunity, which seems to have got stagnated in all sorts of debates around the reforms, not least the ever growing opposition from some …
Effect of oral contraceptives on plasma testosterone concentration.
Authors: M C Browning, J Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The oral contraceptive Minilyn (50 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2.5 mg lynestrenol) significantly reduced plasma testosterone in 9 hirsute women from mean 2.09 nmol/1 (range 1.27-2.95) to mean 1.27 (range .64-1.80) during intake. 1 patient had . 97 nmol testosteone/1 while she was taking Minovlar (50 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate), and then .45 nmol/1 during treatment with Minilyn. The progestagen used probably has a bearing on clinical effects of an oral contraceptive in virilization.
A CASE OF LEIOMYOSARCOMA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Leon Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1931)

A white man, aged 50, a truck driver, was admitted to the medical service of the Cincinnati General Hospital, March 26, 1930, complaining of chills and fever of five days' duration. The chills had been occurring daily and were followed by profuse sweating. After the first rigor he experienced a severe pain in the left epigastrium. He felt a swelling there, which had remained unchanged in size.  There had been no previous abdominal pain and no digestive disturbances other than occasional flatulence and eructation of sour material. The bowels were usually constipated. A penile lesion had been present twenty-five years before, which was thought to be a chancre. When 10 years old he had chills and fever, which disappeared after the administration of quinine. He had received numerous intramuscular injections in the hips.  The patient was somewhat undernourished but did not appear acutely ill. There was a subicteric tint to
Evaluation of the Predictive Performance and Regimen Specificity of a 30-Gene Predictor of Pathologic Complete Response in a Prospective Randomized Neoadjuvant Clinical Trial for Stage I-III Breast Cancer.
Authors: A. Tabchy, W. Symmans, V. Valero, T. Vidaurre, A. Lluch, Y. Qi, E. Souchon, L. Barajas-Figueroa, H. Gomez, M. Martin, C. Coutant, K. Hess, G. Hortobagyi, L. Pusztai
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: To prospectively evaluate in a randomized trial if a previously reported multigene predictor of pathologic complete response (pCR) to preoperative weekly paclitaxel and fluorouracil-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide (T/FAC) chemotherapy can accurately predict pCR to neoadjuvant T/FAC chemotherapy, and if it also predicts pCR to FAC only chemotherapy. Furthermore, it is unknown if the T/FAC regimen is superior to 6 courses of FAC; therefore we compare the pCR rates for patients who receive T/FAC versus FACx6 preoperative chemotherapy.Materials and Methods: Patients with stage I-III breast cancer (n=273) were randomly assigned to receive either 12 courses of weekly paclitaxel followed by 4 courses of FAC (T/FAC, n=138), or 6 courses of FAC (FACx6, n=135) neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients underwent a pretreatment FNA biopsy of the tumor for gene expression profiling on oligonucleotide microarrays, and treatment response prediction (pCR versus residual disease, RD) was performed using the multigene predictor. Predicted and observed pathologic responses were compared independently in the two treatment arms.Results: The pCR rate was 19% with T/FAC and 9% with FACx6 (p&amp;lt;0.05). In the T/FAC arm, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the genomic predictor was 38% (95%CI:21-56%), the negative predictive value (NPV) 88% (CI:77-95%), sensitivity 63% (CI:38-84%), specificity 72% (CI:60-82%), and the AUC 0.711. In the FAC only treatment arm, the PPV was 9% (CI:1-29%), the NPV 92% (CI:83-97%), sensitivity 29% (CI:4-71%), specificity 75% (CI:64-84%), and the AUC 0.584. This suggests that the genomic predictor is regimen-specific. In a multivariate analysis including age, tumor size, nodal status, histologic grade, HER2 and estrogen receptor (ER) status and the genomic predictor, only ER status was a significant predictor of pCR.Discussion: Pathologic complete response rate was significantly higher in the T/FAC arm compared to the FACx6 arm indicating a higher efficacy of the paclitaxel containing arm. Patients who were predicted to achieve pCR to T/FAC had a significantly higher pCR rate (38%) than unselected patients (19%) or patients predicted to have RD (12%) when treated with this regimen. These results confirm that the multigene predictor can identify patients with greater than average sensitivity to T/FAC chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 101.
IMMEDIATE CLOSURE OF TRACHEOTOMY WOUNDS.
Authors: MILES F. PORTER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Tracheotomy wounds are usually treated by the open method, whether the tracheotomy has been done for the removal of a neoplasm, or of a foreign body, or for dyspnea due to infection. In the presence of infection, it is unquestionably better to drain the wound, but in the absence of infection, it would be better to close the wound, provided, of course, that the cause of the dyspnea has been removed. Immediate closure lessens the danger from pneumonia and from infection occurring in the wound itself, it shortens the convalescence and reduces to the minimum the deformity due to the scar; the latter being of particular consequence in females. I firmly believe that the mortality in these cases may be lessened by immediate closure of the wound, and it seems to me that the morbidity may be decreased by adopting this method; the deformity certainly is lessened thereby. In support