tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Harvard Macy Institute Helps Physicians Become Better Educators and Change Agents
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Streptokinase Therapy in Acute Major Pulmonary Embolism: Effectiveness and Problems
Authors: J. Hirsh, G. S. Hale, I. G. McDonald, R. A. McCarthy, A. Pitt
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Eighteen patients with major pulmonary embolism were treated with streptokinase infused by a catheter or given intravenously. Fourteen showed clinical improvement and 12 out of 16 patients investigated showed definite angiographic improvement after 24 to 48 hours of treatment with streptokinase. The angiographic improvement following streptokinase contrasted with the lack of this in three patients after 24 hours of heparin treatment.Resolution following streptokinase therapy was most noticeable in patients treated shortly after a single embolic episode, and was least marked in those with recurrent embolism complicated by associated cardiac or pulmonary disease. Of the four patients who failed to improve, two died and two had pulmonary embolectomy and survived.The results suggest that streptokinase therapy is practicable provided that adequate laboratory control is available, and that it hastens early resolution in acute major pulmonary embolism.
Adenosine alters glucose use during ischemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.
Authors: B A Finegan, G D Lopaschuk, C S Coulson, A S Clanachan
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Adenosine possesses marked cardioprotective properties, but the mechanisms for this beneficial effect are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adenosine given before ischemia or at reperfusion on mechanical function, glucose oxidation, glycolysis, and metabolite levels in isolated, paced (280 beats per minute) working rat hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 11 mM glucose, 1.2 mM palmitate, and 500 microU.mL-1 insulin at an 11.5 mm Hg left atrial preload and 80 mm Hg aortic afterload. Adenosine (100 microM) pretreatment or adenosine (100 microM) at reperfusion markedly increased the recovery of mechanical function (from 44% to 81% and 96%, respectively) after 60 minutes of low-flow ischemia (coronary flow, 0.5 mL.min-1). Glucose oxidation (mumol.min-1 x g dry wt-1) was inhibited during ischemia (from 0.44 +/- 0.04 to 0.12 +/- 0.01), and this was not altered by adenosine (100 microM). During reperfusion, glucose oxidation recovered (to 0.38 +/- 0.02) and adenosine (100 microM), given at reperfusion, further increased glucose oxidation (to 0.52 +/- 0.06). The rate of glycolysis (mumol.min-1 x g dry wt-1), which was unaffected by ischemia per se, was inhibited by adenosine pretreatment (from 4.7 +/- 0.3 to 2.6 +/- 0.3). During reperfusion, glycolysis was also inhibited by adenosine relative to control (3.9 +/- 0.8) either when present during ischemia (2.6 +/- 0.6) or during reperfusion (1.4 +/- 0.4). These effects of adenosine on glucose metabolism reduced the calculated rate of H+ production attributable to glucose metabolism during the ischemic and reperfusion periods. Tissue lactate levels (mumol.g dry wt-1), which increased during ischemia (from 9.3 +/- 1.1 to 87.4 +/- 10.3) and then declined during reperfusion (to 26.2 +/- 3.7), were depressed further by adenosine pretreatment (to 19.7 +/- 4.1) and by adenosine at reperfusion (to 13.6 +/- 2.1). ATP levels (mumol.g dry wt-1), which were depressed by ischemia (from 18.1 +/- 1.1 to 10.6 +/- 1.3) and tended to be further depressed during reperfusion (to 7.1 +/- 0.7), were increased by adenosine pretreatment (to 14.1 +/- 1.2) and by adenosine at reperfusion (to 15.6 +/- 2.4). CONCLUSIONS The effects of adenosine on glucose metabolism that would tend to decrease cellular acidosis and hence, Ca2+ overload, may explain the beneficial effects of adenosine on mechanical function observed in these hearts during reperfusion after ischemia.
Gifts From Industry: Laundering Money or Supporting Education?-Reply
Authors: John Glasson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —As Dr Waud suggests, gifts to physicians from industry pose risks to the integrity of the medical profession. Indeed, when the American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs issued its guidelines on gifts from industry, 1 the Council observed that gifts may influence physician decision making, undermine the trust of patients in their physicians, and impose unfair costs on patients. 2   At the same time, the Council also recognized that gifts from industry often benefit patient care. Financial support for continuing medical education permits the medical profession to sponsor programs of higher quality and greater accessibility to practicing physicians than would be otherwise possible. Gifts from industry permit physicians at institutions like the University of Massachusetts Medical School to carry out important research projects.  In its guidelines, the Council drew a careful balance between the benefits and risks of gifts from industry and developed guidelines that
Hepatic Left Lobe Lesions-Clinical Usefulness of Multiple Imaging Techniques to Increase Lesion Detectability
Authors: NIHAL S. GOONERATNE, JAMES L. QUINN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

In five of 500 consecutive liver scans over a period of six months, isolated left lobe lesions were discovered by multiple imaging techniques. Three of the five cases had definite pathology, of the two remaining cases one was attributed to a normal anatomic variation, and the other was a false positive. The problems associated with and the causes for rarity of isolated lesions involving only the left lobe, and the clinical usefulness of multiple imaging techniques are discussed.
Significance of the Pulmonary Vascular Bed in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: CHARLOTTE FERENCZ, J. FRANCIS DAMMANN
Journal: Circulation (1957)

A microscopic study was made of the lungs of 18 patients with congenital malformations of the heart in which there was obstruction of pulmonary venous drainage. Alterations in various components of the pulmonary vascular bed and of the lung parenchyma were described and correlated with the clinical course and the type of malformation present. A quantitative evaluation of the pulmonary arterial thickening was made by determining the lumen:wall ratio of small vessels. The anatomic alterations found in these children were compared to those of adults with acquired mitral stenosis.
Campaigner released from jail after becoming anorexic
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A peace campaigner who developed anorexia after being strip searched in a London prison has been released from jail by a High Court judge after the official solicitor intervened in her case.

Lindis Percy, aged 54, was jailed for nine months and five days last January for breaching a suspended prison sentence imposed in November 1995, after she admitted ignoring an injunction banning her from Ministry of Defence land at RAF Lakenheath, Suffolk. Ms Percy, a Quaker from Shipley, West Yorkshire, …
Abstract 4451: The NCI Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) urinary PCA3 validation trial
Authors: John Thomas Wei, Martin G. Sanda, Ian M. Thompson, Alan Partin, Ziding Feng, Lori Sokoll, Jack Groskopf, Elissa Brown, Yair Lotan, Adam Kibel, Daniel Lin, Samir Taneja, Rosalia Viterbo, Erik Busby, Mohamed Bidair, Jacob Kagan, Sudhir Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Widespread use of PSA screening has raised concerns of overdiagnosis of low risk and underdiagnosis of high grade cancer. This is primarily due to the low sensitivity and specificity of PSA. PCA3, a non-coding large chain ribonucleic acid, is significantly over-expressed in cancer tissue and quantitatively measured by a novel urinary assay. The objective of this NCI EDRN trial was to conduct a comprehensive, independent validation of the PROGENSA PCA3 Assay for the detection of prostate cancer. METHODS: A prospective, PROBE-compliant NCI validation trial was undertaken at 11 clinical sites to evaluate PCA3 positive predictive value (PPV, PCA3 score &amp;gt;60) in the initial biopsy setting and negative predictive value (NPV, PCA3 score &amp;lt;20) in the repeat biopsy setting. PCA3 was obtained prior to biopsy but following an attentive DRE. We hypothesized that PPV for an initial prostate biopsy to be at least 55% and that NPV for a repeat biopsy to be at least 75%. The accuracy of PCA3 in detecting any prostate cancer and secondarily, high grade cancer (Gleason &amp;gt; 7), was compared to PCPT risk calculator through ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: 880 eligible men (mean age 62 years) were enrolled; 305 had a prior negative prostate biopsy. 99% had an informative PCA3 test. For the detection of any cancer, PPV was 80% (95% CI: 0.72 - 0.86) in the initial biopsy group while NPV was 88% (95% CI: 0.81 - 0.93) in the repeat biopsy group. PCA3 performance was superior to PCPT risk estimation and improved upon the detection of any cancer (p&amp;lt;0.006) and high grade cancer (p&amp;lt;0.02) when combined with the PCPT risk model. CONCLUSIONS: PCA3 ability to detect prostate cancer was superior to PCPT risk calculator in both the initial (p &amp;lt; 0.0001) and repeat biopsy setting (p=0.001)Independent validation of PCA3 demonstrated a high PPV in the initial biopsy setting and a high NPV in the repeat biopsy setting. Given the significant improvements in risk estimation over PCPT, PCA3 is expected to greatly enhance clinical decision making. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4451. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4451
VALUE OF FRIEDMAN TEST IN DIAGNOSIS OF INTRA-UTERINE AND EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY
Authors: MORRIS A. GOLDBERGER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In a review<sup>1</sup>of 4,595 Friedman tests performed by twenty-six different clinical pathologists, it was shown that 5.1 per cent of the tests were false negatives and 0.95 per cent were false positives. In ectopic pregnancy 77.8 per cent were correct positives and 22.2 per cent were incorrect negatives. The technic employed in this series consisted of the injection of 10 cc. of urine into one nonpregnant mature female rabbit followed by gross inspection of the ovaries forty-eight hours later. At Mount Sinai Hospital, 1,137 Friedman tests have been performed to date. The technic employed differs from that reported by others in that 20 cc. of freshly voided morning urine is used and the test is done in duplicate; i. e., two mature nonpregnant female rabbits are used for each case. Five cubic centimeters of urine is injected in the morning and afternoon on two successive clays and the ovaries are inspected grossly forty-eight hours after the first injection.
Development of partial tolerance to the gastrointestinal effects of high doses of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rodents.
Authors: J S Patton, P M Peters, J McCabe, D Crase, S Hansen, A B Chen, D Liggitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Treatment of healthy rats and mice with a single intravenous injection of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) caused a dose-dependent gastrointestinal inflammation. Within 30 min gastric emptying was blocked and tissue edema occurred in the small and large intestine. In the cecum hemorrhage occurred after 4 h at doses greater than or equal to 250 micrograms/kg. The cecum exhibited an acute inflammatory response following rHuTNF-alpha treatment similar to that seen in tumor necrosis at the same dose. The vascular endothelium became swollen, increased numbers of neutrophils and other leukocytes attached to and penetrated the endothelium, and finally hemorrhage occurred. Treatment of rats with daily injections of rHuTNF-alpha (250 micrograms/kg per d) for 3 wk failed to produce cachexia. Within 24-48 h rats became resistant to the hemorrhagic effect of rHuTNF-alpha, however, the cytokine still caused a transitory block of gastric emptying after 10 d of treatment. Treatment at 5- or 10-d intervals produced results similar to the initial injection. These results suggest that maximum hemorrhagic response will occur when rHuTNF-alpha is administered at intervals of 5-10 d rather than daily.
Interventional EUS: Difficult pancreaticobiliary access
Authors: M. Giovannini, Ch. Pesenti, E. Bories, F. Caillol
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endoscopic biliary stenting is the most common method to treat obstructive jaundice. But in 3 -12 % of cases, selective cannulation of the major papilla failed and surgery or percutaneous biliary drainage is required. But percutaneous drainage needed dilated intrahepatic biliary ducts and the rate of complications reach 20 % of cases including peritoneal bleeding. A new technique of biliary drainage using EUS and EUS guided puncture of the bile duct (common bile duct or left hepatic duct) is now possible.
Radiation Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Reply
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —My article was not a medical literature review. It is a news story about clinical trials of, in Dr Finger's words, a "promising experimental treatment option," that were reported at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in Chicago, Ill. I regret not giving Dr Chakravarthy the recognition her work deserves; Medical News stories rarely provide an extensive review of the literature. I cited only a few of the most recently published studies (including one for which Finger is an author). Had Chakravarthy stated what she thinks is "irresponsible reporting of data" in the news article, I might be better able to respond. As the article prominently states, the "early clinical trials" I reported on yielded "encouraging although not yet convincing results," and "randomized, controlled trials" are necessary "before this therapy can be considered effective." I strongly disagree with Chakravarthy that the claims of the researchers I
Microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity at DNA mismatch repair gene loci occurs during hepatic carcinogenesis
Authors: Graeme A. Macdonald, Joel K. Greenson, Koji Saito, Sajeev P. Cherian, Henry D. Appelman, Richard C. Boland
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

DNA mismatch repair is an important mechanism involved in maintaining the fidelity of genomic DNA. Defective DNA mismatch repair is implicated in a variety of gastrointestinal and other tumors; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been assessed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival pathology tissues from 46 primary liver tumors were studied by microdissection and microsatellite analysis of extracted DNA to assess the degree of microsatellite instability, a marker of defective mismatch repair, and to determine the extent and timing of allelic loss of two DNA mismatch repair genes, human Mut S homologue-2 (hMSH2) and human Mut L homologue-1 (hMLH1), and the tumor suppressor genes adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC), p53, and DPC4. Microsatellite instability was detected in 16 of the tumors (34.8%). Loss of heterozygosity at microsatellites linked to the DNA mismatch repair genes, hMSH2 and/or hMLH1, was found in 9 cases (19.6%), usually in association with microsatellite instability. Importantly, the pattern of allelic loss was uniform in 8 of these 9 tumors, suggesting that clonal loss had occurred. Moreover, loss at these loci also occurred in nonmalignant tissue adjacent to 4 of these tumors, where it was associated with marked allelic heterogeneity. There was relatively infrequent loss of APC, p53, or DPC4 loci that appeared unrelated to loss of hMSH2 or hMLH1 gene loci. Loss of heterozygosity at hMSH2 and/or hMLH1 gene loci, and the associated microsatellite instability in premalignant hepatic tissues suggests a possible causal role in hepatic carcinogenesis in a subset of hepatomas.
Abstract P3-13-06: Osteocytic Connexin 43 Hemichannels in Prevention of Bone Metastasis
Authors: JZ Zhou, JX Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Bone metastases are major, potentially fatal complications in patients with advanced cancers including breast, prostate and lung cancers. The gap junction-forming protein connexin 43 (Cx43) has been known to inhibit primary tumor cell growth. In addition to gap junctions, Cx43 also forms halves of gap junctions known as hemichannels which allow communication between the intracellular and extracellular environments. Cx43 hemichannels in osteocytes have been shown to open when induced by mechanical stimulation as well as by treatment with alendronate (AD), an efficacious and commonly used bisphosphonate drug. The opening of hemichannels is known to release small molecules important for bone formation and remodeling. To confirm the opening of Cx43 hemichannels in the presence of AD, we measured uptake of ethidium bromide (EtBr) in MLO-Y4 cells after the addition of AD. As expected, an increase in Cx43 hemichannels EtBr uptake was observed after AD treatment. To elucidate the effect(s) of osteocyte Cx43 hemichannels on cancer cell growth and migration, we treated MLO-Y4 osteocytes with AD. Conditioned media (CM) was collected after treatment and were used to incubate with metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Cell migration was measured using wound healing and transwell migration assays, and cell proliferation was measured using the soft agarose anchorage-independent growth assay. The CM collected from MLO-Y4 osteocytes treated with AD reduced cancer cell migration and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, direct treatment with AD had no effect on the cell migration or proliferation of the MDA-MB-231 cells. These data validated that the decrease in migration and proliferation was not a result of direct action by AD on the cancer cells. In order to elucidate the direct functional involvement of Cx43 hemichannels in cell migration, we treated the MLO-Y4 cells with Cx43 (E2) antibody, a specific antibody which blocks hemichannel activity but not gap junction channels formed by Cx43. The inhibitory effect of the CM on the migration and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells was diminished. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of osteocytes on cancer cell migration were not observed when using osteoblasts. Together, these results suggest the functional importance of osteocytic Cx43 hemichannels in attenuating cancer cell migration and growth. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-06.
Abstract 2718: Longer duration of preceding high-risk HPV infection is associated with an increase of chromosomal aberrations in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Renske D.M Steenbergen, Mariska Bierkens, Saskia M. Wilting, Wessel N. van Wieringen, Mark A. van de Wiel, Bauke Ylstra, Chris JLM Meijer, Peter J. Snijders
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract High-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic (CIN2/3) lesions represent a heterogeneous disease both with respect to clinical behaviour and chromosomal aberrations detected. We hypothesized that the extent of chromosomal aberrations reflects the duration of their existence. To test this hypothesis, chromosomal profiles were determined of CIN3 lesions of women with a known 5 year history of high-risk human papillomavirus virus (hrHPV) infection, in which duration of prior hrHPV infection was considered a proxy for duration of CIN3 lesion existence. Eight women had a &amp;lt;5 year preceding hrHPV infection (CIN3&amp;lt;5yrPHI) and 24 had a PHI lasting ≥5 years (CIN3≥5yrPHI). For comparison, 6 CIN3 lesions adjacent to squamous cell carcinomas (CIN3-SCC), their corresponding SCCs, and 6 CIN1 lesions were included. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of the chromosomal profiles revealed two clusters. One was characterized by relatively quiet genomic profiles including all CIN1, 75% of CIN3&amp;lt;5yrPHI and 37.5% of CIN3≥5yrPHI. Samples in the second cluster, displaying multiple aberrations, included 62.5% CIN3≥5yrPHI and all except one CIN3-SCC and all SCCs. The number of genomic aberrations increased according to lesion grade and also with longer duration of PHI. The increase in aberrations in CIN3≥5yrPHI compared to &amp;lt;5yrPHI was highly significant (p=0.002), suggesting that CIN3≥5yrPHI represent more severe lesions. In conclusion, a longer duration of preceding hrHPV infection is associated with an increased number of chromosomal aberrations. Hence, CIN3 lesions with a longer duration of existence are more prone to have an increased short-term risk of cervical cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2718. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2718
Abstract 3873: MMP9 processing of HSBP1 regulates tumor metastases.
Authors: Seo-Hyun Choi, Hae-June Lee, Yeung Bae Jin, Minyoung Lee, Joon Kim, Sam S. Yoon, Yun-Sil Lee, Yoon-Jin Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases regulate pathophysiological events by processing matrix proteins and secreted proteins. Previously, we demonstrated that soluble heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) is released primarily from endothelial cells (ECs) and regulates angiogenesis via direct interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here we report that MMP9 can cleave HSPB1 and release anti-angiogenic fragments, which play a key role in tumor metastasis. We mapped the cleavage sites and explored their physiological relevance during these processing events. HSPB1 cleavage by MMP9 inhibited VEGF-induced ECs activation and the C-terminal HSPB1 fragment exhibited more interaction with VEGF than did full-length HSPB1. HSPB1 cleavage occurs during B16F10 lung metastases in wild-type mice and is decreased in B16F10 lung metastases of MMP9-null mice. Finally, we confirmed that secretion of C-terminal HSPB1 fragment was significantly inhibited lung metastases of B6F10 melanoma cells, compared to full-length HSPB1. These data suggest that in vivo MMP9-mediated processing of HSPB1 acts to maintain an angiogenic balance against tumor metastases. Moreover, these findings potentially explain an anti-target effect for the failure of MMP inhibitors in clinical trials, suggesting that MMP inhibitors may have pro-tumorigenic effects by reducing HSPB1 fragmentation. Citation Format: Seo-Hyun Choi, Hae-June Lee, Yeung Bae Jin, Minyoung Lee, Joon Kim, Sam S. Yoon, Yun-Sil Lee, Yoon-Jin Lee. MMP9 processing of HSBP1 regulates tumor metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3873. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3873