tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Cardiovascular State of the Union
Authors: Robert O. Bonow, Augustus O. Grant, Alice K. Jacobs
Journal: Circulation (2005)

s we reach the midpoint of the first decade of the twenty-first century, we are also at the midpoint in the timeline of the American Heart Association (AHA) strategic plan to reduce coronary heart disease, stroke, and risk by 25% by the year 2010. 1,2Encouraging evidence demonstrates important gains toward that goal, with decreases in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality, as well as reductions in certain risk factors such as cigarette consumption and untreated hypercholesterolemia.Still, troubling evidence indicates that other ominous risk factors-physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, diabetes, and hypertension-are on the rise, 3 especially among adolescents and young adults, and these may contribute to the next wave of the cardiovascular epidemic.And there is undeniable evidence that not all Americans have shared equally in the improved cardiovascular outcomes.Individuals in specific subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography have a disproportionate burden of myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and other cardiovascular events.These individuals also have a worse outcome after these events, including higher mortality rates, and a higher prevalence of unrecognized and untreated risk factors places them at greater likelihood of experiencing these events.Differences such as these arise not only from disparities in access to care and quality of care but also from disparities in awareness and access to knowledge.Disparities in cardiovascular prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes have been documented in a number of publications from the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 4 -6 the Institute of Medicine, 7 and the Kaiser Family Foundation, 8 and reports of continuing racial and ethnic disparities appear regularly in cardiovascular scientific journals. 9,10If this unacceptable situation fails to be rectified, it is unlikely that the AHA's 2010 goals or the DHHS Healthy People 2010 goals can be achieved.In the autumn of 2003, the AHA convened a 3-day meeting to discuss the current understanding of the scientific basis of cardiovascular healthcare disparities and to assist the Association in formulating the next phase of its scientific, pro-
RH Sensitization Associated With Drug Use
Authors: Louis A. Vontver
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The usual cause of RH sensitization (ie, prior pregnancy and blood transfusion) is well known.<sup>1</sup>The following case presents a source of RH sensitization that was not well recognized and deserves consideration. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 24-year-old primagravida woman was seen at approximately eight weeks' gestation for termination of pregnancy. Her history was unremarkable, with no surgery or blood transfusions. However, routine blood typing revealed that her blood was type B Rhnegative, and had antibodies against both C and D. Further inquiry revealed that 11 months previously she had participated in a ritualistic mingling of blood with her boyfriend while using cocaine. The cocaine was mixed with a small quantity of the friend's blood and injected intravascularly. The volume of blood injected was estimated to have been 1 to 2 ml. The act was repeated approximately one month later. Four months thereafter, a third infusion
Free radicals and cardioplegia: organic anti-oxidants as additives to the St Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution
Authors: D J CHAMBERS, G ASTRAS, A TAKAHASHI, A S MANNING, M V BRAIMBRIDGE, D J HEARSE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Journal Article Free radicals and cardioplegia: organic anti-oxidants as additives to the St Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution Get access D J CHAMBERS, D J CHAMBERS From the Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr D J Chambers, Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G ASTRAS, G ASTRAS From the Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A TAKAHASHI, A TAKAHASHI From the Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A S MANNING, A S MANNING From the Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M V BRAIMBRIDGE, M V BRAIMBRIDGE From the Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D J HEARSE D J HEARSE From the Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 23, Issue 4, April 1989, Pages 351–358, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/23.4.351 Published: 01 April 1989 Article history Accepted: 29 November 1988 Published: 01 April 1989
Managing chronic diseases
Authors: Jon Norman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Managing chronic diseases Palliative care spectrum starts early onEditor-Palliative care does not start when a patient is dying. 1 A whole spectrum of palliation begins from the day of diagnosis of a potentially terminal disease, such as soft tissue sarcoma.Palliation, in the sense of needing to absorb what this means for the patient, becomes even then a medical imperative.The "How long have I got, Doc?" question may not be articulated, but it will be there and needs an empathetic response.Curative treatment is sought, but-with sarcoma-lung metastases signal the end of that phase and the beginning of palliative treatment.The doctor and the patient know the dragon can be disabled but never slain.Palliation is then partnership, working to decide what may be gained at what cost.(This may apply during curative treatment: to take chemotherapy drugs now "just in case," or to keep them for later?)Palliative treatment can be long (in sarcoma up to 20 years or more), or it can be brief.Its ending is not solely a medical judgment.Doctors may decide they can do no more, but active patients use online support groups, seeking new treatment options across the world.Patients may decide to end palliative treatment.Grown weary of painful chemotherapy offering diminishing returns, they may prefer a shorter but better life.Making that choice together is an aspect of palliation.When death is near, palliative care becomes terminal care.If throughout doctors and patients have aligned their understanding of the disease, and have taken decisions jointly, have explored the holistic meaning of disease in life and death, the palliative spectrum may offer healing if not cure.If, however, being palliative begins only when the patient is dying doctors cannot then meet patients, where they are most needed, in the ground of their being and their not being.
The Classification of Various Insulins
Authors: F. Gerritzen
Journal: BMJ (1953)

the need for insulin zinc suspension (amorphous).It is suggested that this would be possible if the properties of the acetate buffer in insulin zinc suspension were altered, but that further studies are required.The indications for the use of the insulin zinc suspensions are described, and a plan is outlined for changing patients to the new preparations.We wish to thank the Novo Laboratories in Copenhagen and Evans Medical Supplies Limited, their distributors in this country, for very generous supplies of these insulins for use in this trial.We would also like to thank Miss A. Moxham, who performed most of the blood-sugar estimations, and the dietitians, sisters, and nurses for the great help they have given us.
An Epidemiological Perspective on the Causes and Prevention of Breast Cancer.
Authors: V. Beral
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with over 1 million new cases occurring annually. Incidence rates used to be 6-7 times more common in developed than in less developed countries, but the gap is narrowing, as breast cancer rates in less developed countries are now increasing rapidly. The contribution to the total burden of breast cancer from the well-established and potentially modifiable causes will be described. Most of the difference between breast cancer rates in developed and less developed countries is because of the small average family size in developed countries and the relatively short duration of lactation. However, it is neither desirable nor feasible for women to revert to childbearing patterns of the past to prevent breast cancer. If we seriously want an acceptable way of achieving a sizeable reduction in breast cancer incidence we need work out the appropriate way of mimicking the effects of childbearing on the breast. The epidemiological evidence points to persistent, lifelong, protection from short-term exposures to hormones of late pregnancy and lactation (probably not from oestrogens and progesterone alone). It should therefore be possible to develop a short-term 'hormonal vaccine' to provide long-term protection against breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-1.
Immunologic and Tissue Biocompatibility of Flexible/Stretchable Electronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Gayoung Park, Hyun‐Joong Chung, Kwanghee Kim, Seon Ah Lim, Jiyoung Kim, Yun‐Soung Kim, Yuhao Liu, Woon‐Hong Yeo, Rak‐Hwan Kim, Stanley S. Kim, Jong‐Seon Kim, Yei Hwan Jung, Tae‐il Kim, Cassian Yee, John A. Rogers, Kyung‐Mi Lee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Recent development of flexible/stretchable integrated electronic sensors and stimulation systems has the potential to establish an important paradigm for implantable electronic devices, where shapes and mechanical properties are matched to those of biological tissues and organs. Demonstrations of tissue and immune biocompatibility are fundamental requirements for application of such kinds of electronics for long‐term use in the body. Here, a comprehensive set of experiments studies biocompatibility on four representative flexible/stretchable device platforms, selected on the basis of their versatility and relevance in clinical usage. The devices include flexible silicon field effect transistors (FETs) on polyimide and stretchable silicon FETs, InGaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and AlInGaPAs LEDs, each on low modulus silicone substrates. Direct cytotoxicity measured by exposure of a surrogate fibroblast line and leachable toxicity by minimum essential medium extraction testing reveal that all of these devices are non‐cytotoxic. In vivo immunologic and tissue biocompatibility testing in mice indicate no local inflammation or systemic immunologic responses after four weeks of subcutaneous implantation. The results show that these new classes of flexible implantable devices are suitable for introduction into clinical studies as long‐term implantable electronics.
Hallux Valgus, Allied Deformities of the Forefoot and Metatarsalgia
Authors: N. Capener
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Acetylcholine (ACh), synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and muscarinic M<sub>1</sub>, M<sub>2</sub>, and M<sub>3</sub> receptors (MRs) are involved in fibroblast proliferation. We evaluated ChAT, MRs, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and nuclear factor (NF) κB activation in lung fibroblasts from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), control smokers, and controls. Human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cigarette smoke extracts (CSEs) were evaluated for ChAT and MR expression. We tested the effects of ACh on fibroblast proliferation and its ability to bind fibroblasts from patients with COPD, control smokers, controls, and HFL-1 stimulated with IL-1β, TNF-α, and CSE. ChAT, M<sub>1</sub>, and M<sub>3</sub> expression and ERK1/2 and NFκB activation were increased, whereas M<sub>2</sub> was reduced, in COPD and smoker subjects compared with controls. IL-1β increased the ChAT and M<sub>3</sub>, TNF-α down-regulated M<sub>2</sub>, and CSE increased ChAT and M<sub>3</sub> expression while down-regulating the expression of M<sub>2</sub> in HFL-1 cells. ACh stimulation increased fibroblast proliferation in patients with COPD, control smokers, and controls, with higher effect in control smokers and patients with COPD and increased HFL-1 proliferation only in CSE-treated cells. The binding of ACh was higher in patients with COPD and in control smokers than in controls and in CSE-treated than in IL-1β- and TNF-α-stimulated HFL-1 cells. Tiotropium (Spiriva; [1α,2β,4β,5α,7β-7-hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatrcyclo[3.3.1.0<sup>24</sup>], C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>22</sub> NO<sub>4</sub>S<sub>2</sub>Br·H<sub>2</sub>O), gallamine triethiodide (C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>22</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S·2HCl·H<sub>2</sub>O), telenzepine [4,9-d-dihydro-3-methyl-4-[(4-methyl-1piperazinyl) acetyl]-10<i>H</i>-thieno [3,4-<i>b</i>][1,5]benzodiazepine-10-one dihydrobromide, C<sub>30</sub>H<sub>60</sub>I<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>], 4-diphenylacetoxy-<i>N</i>-methylpiperidine, PD098059 [2-(2-amino-3methoxyphenyl)-4<i>H</i>-1benzopyran-4-one, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>], and BAY 11-7082 [(<i>E</i>)-3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-propenetrile, C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>C], down-regulated the ACh-induced fibroblast proliferation, promoting the MRs and ERK1/2 and NFκB pathways involvement in this phenomenon. These results suggest that cigarette smoke might alter the expression of ChAT and MRs, promoting airway remodeling in COPD and that anticholinergic drugs, including tiotropium, might prevent these events.
Incidences of fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism after prophylaxis with dextran 70 and low-dose heparin: an international multicentre study.
Authors: U F Gruber, T Saldeen, T Brokop, B Eklof, I Eriksson, I Goldie, L Gran, M Hohl, T Jonsson, S Kristersson, K G Ljungstrom, T Lund, H M Moe, E Svensjo, D Thomson, J Torhorst, A Trippestad, M Ulstein
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A total of 4352 patients were admitted to a prospective9 randomised multicentre trial comparing the prophylactic efficacy of dextran 70 and low-dose heparin against fatal pulmonary embolism after elective operations for general, orthopaedic, urological, and gynaecological conditions. Out of 3984 patients correctly admitted, 1993 were allocated to receive dextran 70 and 1991 to receive low-dose heparin. Withdrawal of prophylaxis because of bleeding or technical difficulties occurred more often in the heparin group, but allergic reactions were more common in the dextran group. Of the 75 patients who died within 30 days after operation, 38 had been given dextran and 37 low-dose heparin. Necropsy was performed in 33 and 32 of these cases respectively. In six patients in each group pulmonary embolism was the sole or a contributory cause of death. Of these, five patients in the dextran group and two in the heparin group had received a full course of prophylaxis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups in the incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism after a full course of prophylaxis.
Appetite suppressant was probably responsible for 1300 deaths, study shows
Authors: P. Benkimoun
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A research study into the drug benfluorex (marketed as Mediator), which was withdrawn from the French market in 2009 because of side effects, shows that its use in France during 1976-2009 was probably responsible for around 1300 deaths and 3100 hospital admissions.

The study, published in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety , was carried out by Agnes Fournier and Mahmoud Zureik, two epidemiologists from the Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medical (Inserm) (2012, doi:10.1002/pds.3213).

They warn that these figures may be underestimates. Patients who took the appetite-suppressant drug experienced …
Double-Blinded Placebo Controlled Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) Trial for Peanut Allergy
Authors: J.A. Bird, L. Pons, M. Kulis, A.R. Kemper, S. Laubach, E. Kim, P. Varshney, A. Thyagarajan, P. Steele, J. Kamilaris, A. Edie, B. Vickery, A.W. Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Italy to pass new law on assisted reproduction
Authors: F. Turone
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Italy's Senate has passed a law on assisted reproduction that makes it a crime to freeze or destroy human embryos or to use donated sperm and eggs.

The new rules—which will need an additional, formal approval by the lower house but are expected to come into effect in early 2004—limit the number of oocytes that can be fertilised to three. They also state that all the embryos created must be transferred into the woman's womb.

Additionally they restrict the use of assisted reproduction techniques to sterile heterosexual couples in a stable …
The Portable Sterilizer.
Authors: Horace G. Wetherill
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Denver, Colo., May 17, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am pleased to waive any claim of priority for developing or presenting the principle of the "Compact Portable Sterilizer" illustrated in your issue of May 1, and regret that unfamiliarity with the publications of Dr. Carl Beck in regard to his sterilizer made it necessary for me to work this instrument out for myself, and that I should appear to claim that to which I am not entitled. I shall feel that my labor has not been wasted, however, for it has resulted in giving me a most satisfactory instrument, one I believe to be in a number of essential details a great improvement upon that described by Dr. Beck; the lamp, stand and absence of wire screens and baskets being among them. Its extreme simplicity is one of its best features.
HEMARTHROSIS OF THE RIGHT KNEE IN A HEMOPHILIAC.
Authors: CHARLES SUMNER NEER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Although the subject of hemophilic joints has received considerable attention of late, many of the surgical text-books do not give it adequate mention, and some of them fail to speak of it at all. The comparative rarity of the condition, and the importance of its diagnosis, especially of its differentiation from tuberculosis, failure of which has often led to operation with fatal results, seem to justify the reporting of the following case which occurred recently in my service as interne in the St. Louis City Hospital: <h3>Patient.</h3> —H. C., male, aged 28, nativity American, entered the hospital on account of a swelling of the right knee. <h3>History.</h3> —At the time of entrance, temperature was normal and he could walk on the affected limb with little inconvenience. He stated that he drank 15 or 16 glasses of whisky daily and had been a bartender for a year and half. Before that
Activation of the HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase by the Iron Chaperones PCBP1 and PCBP2
Authors: Anjali Nandal, Julio C. Ruiz, Poorna Subramanian, Sudipa Ghimire-Rijal, Ruth Ann Sinnamon, Timothy L. Stemmler, Richard K. Bruick, Caroline C. Philpott
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
In search of a good death: Both how and when determines a good death
Authors: A. Deshpande
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Plutarch reports that when Julius Caesar was asked at a party with his friends what kind of death was the best, Caesar replied: “The kind that comes unexpectedly.”1 His wish was fulfilled. When we are young and healthy we do not like to think about the way we will die as death is a negative thought and is subconsciously pushed out of our mind.

Not …
Effect of Breast Cancer After Ovarian Cancer on Mortality for<i>BRCA</i>Mutation Carriers—Reply
Authors: Alexandra Gangi, Galinos Baramparas, Farin F. Amersi
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Dramatic efficacy of vemurafenib in both multisystemic and refractory Erdheim-Chester disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis harboring the BRAF V600E mutation
Authors: Julien Haroche, Fleur Cohen-Aubart, Jean-François Emile, Laurent Arnaud, Philippe Maksud, Frédéric Charlotte, Philippe Cluzel, Aurélie Drier, Baptiste Hervier, Neïla Benameur, Sophie Besnard, Jean Donadieu, Zahir Amoura
Journal: Blood (2012)
Doctors may be able to detect Down's syndrome during IVF
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Researchers have developed a DNA test that might allow doctors to detect Down's syndrome in embryos during infertility treatment.

Currently, the genetic disorder is diagnosed about 16 weeks into pregnancy by using amniotic fluid taken from the mother. The new test, presented at a European infertility conference, uses a single cell to detect Down's syndrome during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment before the embryo is implanted in the womb.

Down's syndrome occurs when a baby inherits three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. …
Serum Immunoglobulin Levels Throughout the Life-Span of Healthy Man
Authors: C. E. BUCKLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Serum immunoglobulin concentrations in apparently healthy subjects vary with age, race, and sex. Meaningful interpretation of serum immunoglobulin concentrations in older adults has been difficult because of normal variation. A new method for characterizing means and confidence intervals of IgG, IgA, and IgM makes it possible to evaluate observations in a single patient independent of confounding physiologic variation. The derived confidence intervals and categories of altered levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM observed in healthy subjects are comparable between all race and sex groups from age 1 to 80 years. The confidence interval bounded by two standard deviations about the mean excludes 5% of apparently healthy controls. Elevated IgM, low IgA, low IgG, low IgM, and elevated IgA are the commonest changes observed in apparently healthy humans. The data presented provide a basis for evaluation and interpretation of serum immunoglobulin levels in patients throughout life.
Book Review The Gastrointestinal System (Handbook of Physiology. Section 6.) Second edition. Edited by Stanley G. Schultz. 4003 pp. in four volumes, illustrated. Bethesda, Md., American Physiological Society, 1989–1991. $880. ISBN 0–19–520930–3 . (Distributed by Oxford University Press, New York.)
Authors: Abraham Jl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)