tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Profiling of Childhood Adrenocortical Tumors
Authors: Alina Nico West, Geoffrey A. Neale, Stanley Pounds, Bonald C. Figueredo, Carlos Rodriguez Galindo, Mara Albonei D. Pianovski, Antonio G. Oliveira Filho, David Malkin, Enzo Lalli, Raul Ribeiro, Gerard P. Zambetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACT) are rare and often fatal malignancies; little is known regarding their etiology and biology. To provide additional insight into the nature of ACT, we determined the gene expression profiles of 24 pediatric tumors (five adenomas, 18 carcinomas, and one undetermined) and seven normal adrenal glands. Distinct patterns of gene expression, validated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, were identified that distinguish normal adrenal cortex from tumor. Differences in gene expression were also identified between adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas. In addition, pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas were found to share similar patterns of gene expression when compared with those published for adult ACT. This study represents the first microarray analysis of childhood ACT. Our findings lay the groundwork for establishing gene expression profiles that may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of pediatric ACT, and in the identification of signaling pathways that contribute to this disease. [Cancer Res 2007;67(2):600–8]
The Validity of Eysenck’s Neuroticism Dimension within the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: P. Jess, P. Bech
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

A psychometric analysis on patients with duodenal ulcer using latent structure coefficients (Loevinger and Mokken) showed that the MMPI subscales of depression, psychasthenia, hypochondriasis, hysteria, schizophrenia and social introversion all could be considered as indicators of Eysenck's dimension of neuroticism. Both a MMPI neuroticism scale of 15 items (MMPI/N-15) and of 21 items (MMPI/N-21) were psychometrically valid, i.e. the total score was a sufficient statistic. Patients with duodenal ulcer who improved during treatment also had a significant decrease in their neuroticism scores, whereas patients who did not improve had unchanged neuroticism scores. In other words, neuroticism is secondary to the clinical symptoms of duodenal ulcer (a psychological adjustment to illness) and not an etiological factor.
A Clinician’s Pearls and Myths in Rheumatology
Authors: Robert J. Quinet
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Ritalin Controversy: What's Made This Drug's Opponents Hyperactive?
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A WAVE OF ADVERSE publicity involving methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin), a drug that has been used for more than 30 years to treat children and adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, has created concern that public opinion may eventually affect medical practice. There appears to be growing belief on the part of some of the public that the drug has dangerous side effects, that schools want to have it prescribed, and that psychiatrists are eager to label children as having a condition that may not even exist. Among the recent developments: A suit was filed in Georgia against a public school district and against the American Psychiatric Association. At least eight medical malpractice suits have been filed, five of them recently in Massachusetts. The defense attorney for a 15-year-old youth convicted of killing a classmate with a baseball bat argued that his client's behavior may have been affected by taking methylphenidate. All
Increased rate of death related to presence of viremia among hepatitis C virus antibody-positive subjects in a community-based cohort study
Authors: Hirofumi Uto, Sherri O. Stuver, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Kotaro Kumagai, Fumisato Sasaki, Shuji Kanmura, Masatsugu Numata, Akihiro Moriuchi, Susumu Hasegawa, Makoto Oketani, Akio Ido, Kazunori Kusumoto, Satoru Hasuike, Kenji Nagata, Michinori Kohara, Hirohito Tsubouchi
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The overall mortality of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has not been fully elucidated. This study analyzed mortality in subjects positive for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in a community-based, prospective cohort study conducted in an HCV hyperendemic area of Japan. During a 10-year period beginning in 1995, 1125 anti–HCV-seropositive residents of Town C were enrolled into the study and were followed for mortality through 2005. Cause of death was assessed by death certificates. Subjects with detectable HCV core antigen (HCVcAg) or HCV RNA were considered as having hepatitis C viremia and were classified as HCV carriers; subjects who were negative for both HCVcAg and HCV RNA (i.e., viremia-negative) were considered as having had a prior HCV infection and were classified as HCV noncarriers. Among the anti–HCV-positive subjects included in the analysis, 758 (67.4%) were HCV carriers, and 367 were noncarriers. A total of 231 deaths occurred in these subjects over a mean follow-up of 8.2 years: 176 deaths in the HCV carrier group and 55 in the noncarrier group. The overall mortality rate was higher in HCV carriers than in noncarriers, adjusted for age and sex (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.07). Although liver-related deaths occurred more frequently among the HCV carriers (hazard ratio, 5.94; 95% confidence interval, 2.58-13.7), the rates of other causes of death did not differ between HCV carriers and noncarriers. Among HCV carriers, a higher level of HCVcAg (≥100 pg/mL) and persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase levels were important predictors of liver-related mortality. Conclusion: The presence of viremia increases the rate of mortality, primarily due to liver-related death, among anti–HCV-seropositive persons in Japan. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Absence of a cumulative deterioration of regional function during three repeated 5 or 15 minute coronary occlusions.
Authors: R Lange, J Ware, R A Kloner
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Recurrent myocardial ischemia is commonly seen in patients with coronary artery disease, in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with intermittent cross-clamping, and experimentally when multiple occlusion preparations are used to test drugs. Our study was designated to investigate whether myocardial injury is cumulative after three sequential ischemic episodes. Sixteen dogs were instrumented with ultrasonic crystals to assess percentage of segmental shortening and percentage of wall thickening in ischemic and nonischemic regions. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded three times for 5 min in one group (n = 8) and three times for 15 min in another group of dogs (n = 8) and each occlusion was followed by 30 min of reflow. Blood flow was determined with microspheres before coronary artery occlusion in the 5 min group and during occlusion in the 15 min group and in all dogs 25 min into the first and third reperfusion periods. During the three reperfusion periods mean segmental shortening in the ischemic zone recovered to only 60.5 +/- 8.7% (+/- SEM) of the preocclusion level (p less than .003) in the 5 min occlusion group and to 36.9 +/- 17.7% in the 15 min occlusion group (p less than .01). Mean wall thickening recovered to 61.3 +/- 16.6% (p less than .06) in the 5 min group and to 48.6 +/- 11.8% in the 15 min group (p less than .004). There were no significant differences during the reperfusion phase when mean values for the ischemic segment after the second and third occlusion were compared with the data obtained after the first occlusion in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract P1-12-03: Low-dose capecitabine monotherapy in HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer: a retrospective study.
Authors: T Ambros, SB Zeichner, J Zaravinos, AJ Montero, E Ahn, A Mani, L Kronish, RL Mahtani, CL Vogel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Capecitabine (CAPE) has clinical activity in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) at an FDA approved dose of 1,250mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days every 21 days (BID Q14). This schedule has been adopted by many United States oncologists, although the starting dose is often reduced. To determine if lower doses of CAPE have comparable clinical activity as the FDA approved dose, we performed a retrospective analysis. Methods: A retrospective review of records from a large breast cancer oncology practice and from Sylvester Cancer Center Deerfield Beach from 2000–2008 was performed after approval of the University of Miami IRB. Standard practice was CAPE low dose (CAPE-L) 1,000mg BID Q14. Primary outcome was clinical benefit rate (CBR) defined as complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) lasting for ≥ 6 months. Response rates (RR) in patients with measurable disease, progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) defined as time period between beginning of CAPE and death, and adverse events (AE) defined according to the NCI CTCAE version 3.0 were secondary endpoints. A literature review was performed for comparison. Results: Data from 296 patients (pts) with HER-2 negative MBC were reviewed. Of those, 73 received CAPE-L at a starting dose between 303 mg/m2 and 965 mg/m2 (median 614 mg/m2) BID Q14. Median number of prior lines of therapy was 1 (range 0–10); 34/73 (46.6%) of pts received CAPE-L as first line therapy. 23.3% of pts required dose reductions because of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) (44%), diarrhea (17%), mucositis (11%) or other (28%). RR in 61 patients with measurable disease was 25%. PR occurred in 16/73 (22%), CR (0%), SD ≥ 6 months 21/73 (29%), and PD 31/73 (43%), with a CBR of 37/73 (51%). Median PFS and OS were 6.2 months (95% CI, 4.4 to 8) and 21.4 months (95% CI, 14.4 to 28.6), respectively. AEs are reported in table 2. We recognized 12 trials that used the FDA approved dose in 1,949 patients. Bidimensionally measurable disease was present in 1,630 patients. CBR was reported as 62% in 1,006 patients and RR as 24% in 398. Weighted averages of median PFS and OS were 5.1 months (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.7) and 12 months (95% CI, 9.6 to 14.4), respectively. Detailed toxicity data were available in 11 trials with 1,883 patients. A comparison of current series with literature review at standard dose follows (table 1). Conclusion: Compared with previously published data, CAPE-L appeared more tolerable with comparable clinical efficacy as package insert doses. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-03.
Abstract B37: The heat shock protein receptor CD91 is necessary for tumor antigen cross-priming in vivo.
Authors: Yu Jerry Zhou, Robert J. Binder
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Immunosurveillance mechanisms of tumors depend on the host's ability to cross-prime minute quantities of tumor antigens. We have investigated the role of tumor-derived heat shock proteins (HSPs) in transfer of tumor antigens from tumor cells to antigen presenting cells for two reasons; 1) HSPs are known to chaperone peptides in the cells. The chaperoned peptides reflect the entire antigenicity of the cell from which they are derived. 2) HSPs activate antigen presenting cells resulting in the provision of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines. These two events require the cell surface receptor CD91 that is expressed on APCs. Here we have used a combination of CD91 inhibitors and CD91 knock-out mice to demonstrate that the HSP-CD91 interaction is crucial for developing concomitant immunity routinely seen in the tumor bearing host. This pathway is indispensable for cross-presentation when antigen levels are low. Considering that elevated levels of endogenous CD91 inhibitors have been reported in colon cancer patients, we propose a novel mechanism of immune evasion for tumors expressing competing ligands for immune receptors such as CD91. Citation Format: Yu Jerry Zhou, Robert J. Binder. The heat shock protein receptor CD91 is necessary for tumor antigen cross-priming in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B37.
Nikethamide for Severe CO2 Retention in Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: M. W. McNicol, N. B. Pride, E. O. R. Reynolds, S. J. G. Semple
Journal: BMJ (1963)

The trial has shown that with these doses there is no difference in results obtained with ampicillin and tetra- cycline in the long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis as judged by symptoms, work record, and bacteriology of the sputum.Side-effects were troublesome with both drugs.In vitro, ampicillin has the advantage in being a bactericidal drug, and in high doses might conceivably prove more effective than tetracycline in treating the bacterial complications of chronic bronchitis, especially those due to H. influenzae; further work on this point is needed.Continuous chemotherapy was used to compare ampicillin and tetracycline, for with the limited number of patients available comparison would not have been possible by any other method.Although continuous treatment may be valuable for individual patients in whom infection cannot be controlled by short courses of chemotherapy, there is evidence that the immediate and short-term treatment of an acute exacerbation of infection may be just as effective and should be tried in the first instance (Elmes et al., 1957; Moyes and Kalinowski, 1959; Berry et al., 1960). Summary and ConclusionsFifty-two patients with chronic bronchitis were treated alternatively with ampicillin and tetracycline from November, 1961, to April, 1962.The dose of both drugs was 500 mg.twice daily.There was no significant difference between the clinical and bacteriological response to the two drugs, except that patients given ampicillin noticed a greater reduction in the quantity of sputum than those given tetracycline.Sputum cultures showed a decrease in the incidence of H. influenzae with both drugs and no significant increase in the incidence of resistant organisms.Ampicillin is a useful alternative to tetracycline in the long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis.ADDENDUM.-While this paper was being prepared the results of a trial on the treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with ampicillin have been published (Ayliffe, G. A. J., and Pride, N. B. (1962).Brit.med.J., 2, 1641).The trial suggested that ampicillin was effective treatment, but it was not possible to show any difference between treatment with ampicillin compared with demethylchlortetracycline or with phenoxymethylpenicillin and streptomycin.We are grateful to Dr. R. W.
Vascular tolerance to nitroglycerin in ascorbate deficiency: results are in favour of an important role of oxidative stress in nitrate tolerance
Authors: A. Daiber, T. Gori
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

In their recent article ‘Vascular tolerance to nitroglycerin (GTN) in ascorbate deficiency' Wolkart et al. demonstrated an impaired vasodilator potency of GTN in ascorbate-deficient guinea pigs.1 The authors also conclude from the lack of an effect of polyethylene-glycolated superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) and catalase (PEG-catalase), that the impairment of GTN vasodilator potency induced by ascorbate deficiency is not mediated by induction of oxidative stress (their Figure 3 ). Although these data are interesting, especially in the context of the previous literature suggesting a role of oxidative stress in the development of nitrate tolerance, we believe that several points deserve further discussion.

Recent research emphasizes the role of mitochondria in the bioactivation of organic nitrates and in triggering the processes that mediate their clinical implications, including release of a nitric oxide (NO)-containing vasodilator, induction of ischaemic preconditioning, and tolerance.2–6 A number of studies, using antioxidants of different type and different affinity, show that …
Should doctors recommend automated external defibrillators for use at home after myocardial infarction? No
Authors: M. D Hutchinson, D. J Callans
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Should people at risk of reinfarction have defibrillators available at home? Michael F O’Rourke thinks that enthusiasm is an important factor (doi:10.1136/bmj.b874); Mathew Hutchinson and David Callans say at home defibrillators do not save additional lives (doi:10.1136/bmj.b876)
Insect-sting encephalopathy
Authors: H J W Pelly
Journal: BMJ (1982)

demyelinating disorders.In the two cases documented the encephalopathy which occurred appeared to be secondary to an anaphylactic reaction.It is likely, however, that an Arthus reaction was also involved.Individuals may become allergic to insect bites without their knowledge, either through inhalation of dried excreta or other material or because of an unremarked sting.Necropsies of patients who have died shortly after an insect bite have revealed cerebral oedema and widespread cerebral congestion.'These findings are the same as those in acute serum sickness.2One of us (POB) has studied the case of a man who developed bilateral optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis, and hypertrophic neuropathy after a bee sting.3Indeed, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, and the Guillain-Barre syndrome, all of which are presumed to be allergic demyelinating disorders, have been recorded as starting after bee stings.3-8Neuralgic amyotrophy, another postulated allergic disease, may also be a complication of such stings.5At present we are studying the effect of vascular factors in the demyelinating illnesses because of the strong circumstantial evidence supporting such a role10 (also paper by Poser and Behan in press).Anaphylactic and Arthus- type immune reactions underlie the pathological features of bee stings, so that post- mortem study of cases like the two reported here is of more than academic interest.
Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway
Authors: Kevin J. Tracey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Cytokine production by the immune system contributes importantly to both health and disease. The nervous system, via an inflammatory reflex of the vagus nerve, can inhibit cytokine release and thereby prevent tissue injury and death. The efferent neural signaling pathway is termed the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. Cholinergic agonists inhibit cytokine synthesis and protect against cytokine-mediated diseases. Stimulation of the vagus nerve prevents the damaging effects of cytokine release in experimental sepsis, endotoxemia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, arthritis, and other inflammatory syndromes. Herein is a review of this physiological, functional anatomical mechanism for neurological regulation of cytokine-dependent disease that begins to define an immunological homunculus.
Prepubertal vaginal examination.
Authors: B V Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1971)

gases, lactate metabolism, and acid-base balance during and after exercise, and some of the results are to be published shortly.Basically we found that none of these factors could explain the origin of exercise-induced asthma or the difference with different forms of exercise.Likewise, we have studied lung volumes and mechanical properties and found that they reflect rather than cause the asthma.Finally, we would like to repeat our earlier suggestion that the mechanism of exercise-induced asthma and the difference between the severe constriction due to running compared with the virtual absence during swimming may reflect neuro- muscular differences in the types of exercise.
Purine catabolism in polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Phorbol myristate acetate-induced accumulation of adenosine owing to inactivation of extracellularly released adenosine deaminase.
Authors: G van Waeg, G Van den Berghe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Since physiological concentrations (0.1-1 microM) of adenosine influence the functions of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), we investigated the metabolism of adenosine in suspensions of stimulated and unstimulated PMNs. Stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 1 microM), but not by zymosan (0.5 mg/ml) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP, 1 microM), provoked an accumulation of endogenous adenosine at a rate of 2.3 +/- 1.0 amol/cell per minute. A similar accumulation was observed with both unstimulated and stimulated PMNs after the addition of deoxycoformycin (dCF, 1-100 microM), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. Exogenous adenosine (10 microM) was deaminated at a rate of 9.8 +/- 3.7 amol/cell per minute in control or zymosan or fMLP-stimulated PMN suspensions. This deamination was nearly completely suppressed when the PMNs had been stimulated with PMA. In contrast, the activity of adenosine deaminase in PMN lysates (231 +/- 72 amol/cell per minute) was not modified by PMA stimulation. alpha, beta-Methyleneadenosine 5'-diphosphate (AMPCP, 2.5 mM), an inhibitor of membranous ecto-5'-nucleotidase, profoundly inhibited endogenous adenosine accumulation under all conditions. PMA stimulation also provoked an inactivation of extracellular adenosine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and lactate dehydrogenase in PMN suspensions. We concluded that PMNs, even when not stimulated, continuously produce adenosine by dephosphorylation of extracellularly released adenylates; and that stimulation of PMNs by PMA causes adenosine accumulation owing to the inactivation of adenosine deaminase released by broken cells.
News media have 'discovered' CDC
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE FIRST media  due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) appeared after  1983 article ( JAMA . 1983;249:2345-2349).  Before that story, says Don Berreth, CDC public affairs director in Atlanta, Ga, we handled 3 calls  day [about AIDS]. The day after [the JAMA article appeared], it was 50, and it was 50 every day for  long time.  The AIDS epidemic has changed the way this agency is covered by the news media, Berreth says. Until the emergence of AIDS, it had been done primarily by a handful of science writers for major newspapers who understand the issues and nuances. Broadcast journalists rarely generated their own medical stories from the CDC.  As AIDS became more of  societal than science story, though, reporters with  lot less savvy were assigned, and it required [the CDC staff's spending] more time with them to get the story right, Berreth says. Even then,