tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulation of phosphate absorption by calcium in the rabbit proximal convoluted tubule.
Authors: D Rouse, W N Suki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Proximal convoluted (S2) and straight (S3) renal tubule segments were studied to determine the effect of Ca on lumen-to-bath phosphate flux (JlbPO4). Increasing bath and perfusate Ca from 1.8 to 3.6 mM enhanced JlbPO4 from 3.3 +/- 0.7 to 6.6 +/- 0.6 pmol/mm per min in S2 segments (P less than 0.001) but had no effect in S3 segments. Decreasing bath and perfusate Ca from 1.8 to 0.2 mM reduced JlbPO4 from 3.7 +/- 0.6 to 2.2 +/- 0.6 in S2 segments. These effects were unrelated to changes in fluid absorption and transepithelial potential difference. Increasing cytosolic Ca with a Ca ionophore, inhibiting the Ca-calmodulin complex with trifluoperazine, or applying the Ca channel blocker nifedipine had no effect on JlBPO4 in S2 segments. Increasing only bath Ca from 1.8 to 3.6 mM did not significantly affect JlbPO4. However, increasing only perfusate Ca enhanced JlbPO4 from 3.4 +/- 0.7 to 6.1 +/- 0.7 pmol/mm per min (P less than 0.005). Inhibition of hydrogen ion secretion, by using a low bicarbonate, low pH perfusate, both depressed base-line JlbPO4 and abolished the stimulatory effect of raising perfusate Ca. Net phosphate efflux (JnetPO4) also increased after ambient calcium levels were raised, ruling out a significant increase in PO4 backflux. When net sodium transport was abolished by reducing the bath temperature to 24 degrees C, JnetPO4 at normal ambient calcium was reduced and increasing ambient calcium failed to increase it, ruling out a simple physicochemical reaction wherein phosphate precipitates out of solution with calcium. The present studies provide direct evidence for a stimulatory effect of Ca on sodium-dependent PO4 absorption in the proximal convoluted tubule, exerted at the luminal membrane. It is postulated that Ca modulates the affinity of the PO4 transporter for the anion.
Avian-Mite Dermatitis
Authors: Gerald F. McGinniss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

A CASE of pruritus due to mites from an air-conditioning unit containing infested birds' nests has recently been reported.1 The following case is similar.Case ReportWhile in bed during the early morning hours, a 22-year-old female laboratory technician was awakened by intense itching. She then noted a rash on the upper abdomen and flanks. The pruritus continuing, she visited the laboratory clinic that morning.Examination at that time disclosed a papulovesicular eruption of the skin from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the level of the 10th costal cartilage that extended to both mid-axillary lines. The patient was . . .
Let's debate treatment instead
Authors: M. W. Wetzel
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I thought the days of polarised debates on whether psychiatric diagnoses such as adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)1 2 are valid had been dropped long ago.

Diagnoses in psychiatry tend to be questioned because we don’t have objective tests: when we do, psychiatric disorders become neurological disorders. Many other medical diagnoses share this characteristic …
High sustained virologic response rates in rapid virologic response patients in the large real-world PROPHESYS cohort confirm results from randomized clinical trials
Authors: Patrick Marcellin, Hugo Cheinquer, Manuela Curescu, Geoffrey M. Dusheiko, Peter Ferenci, Andrzej Horban, Donald Jensen, Gabriella Lengyel, Alessandra Mangia, Denis Ouzan, Massimo Puoti, Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Manuela Schmitz, Fernando Tatsch, Mario Rizzetto
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The ability to predict which patients are most likely to achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR) with peginterferon/ribavirin would be useful in optimizing treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV). The objective of this large international noninterventional cohort study was to investigate the predictive value (PV) of a virologic response (VR) by weeks 2, 4, and 12 of treatment on SVR. Treatment-naive HCV monoinfected patients (N = 7,163) age ≥ 18 years were prescribed peginterferon/ribavirin at the discretion of the treating physician according to country-specific requirements in accordance with the local label. The main outcome measure was the PV of a VR (HCV RNA <50 IU/mL) by weeks 2, 4, and 12 of treatment for SVR24 (HCV RNA <50 IU/mL after 24 weeks of untreated follow-up) by HCV genotype. The overall SVR24 rate was 49.4% (3,541/7,163; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.3-50.6%). SVR24 rates in patients with an HCV RNA titer <50 IU/mL by weeks 2, 4, and 12, respectively, were 66.2% (95% CI: 60.4-71.7%), 68.4% (95% CI: 65.7-71.0%), and 60.3% (95% CI: 58.5-62.1%) among genotype 1 patients; 82.0% (95% CI: 76.8-86.5%), 76.3% (95% CI: 73.3-79.1%), and 74.2% (95% CI: 71.3-76.9%) among genotype 2 patients; 67.3% (95% CI: 61.1-73.1%), 67.3% (95% CI: 64.2-70.3%), and 63.8% (95% CI: 61.0-66.6%) among genotype 3 patients; and 59.4% (95% CI: 40.6-76.3%), 63.3% (95% CI: 54.3-71.6%), and 54.3% (95% CI: 47.5-60.9%) among genotype 4 patients. The absence of a VR by week 12 had the highest negative PV across all genotypes.A VR by week 2 or 4 had the highest positive PV for SVR24 and differed according to HCV genotype.
Carbon dioxide insufflation can significantly reduce toilet use after colonoscopy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wen-Feng Hsu, Wen-Hao Hu, Yen-Nien Chen, Ho-Hsien Lai, Meng-Kan Chen, Li-Chun Chang, Chia-Hong Tu, Chu-Kuang Chou, Hsiu-Po Wang, Ming-Shiang Wu, Han-Mo Chiu
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during colonoscopy can significantly decrease abdominal pain and bloating after the procedure, but its impact on the frequency and duration of toilet use remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of CO2 insufflation on toilet use after screening colonoscopy.From 138 average-risk individuals who underwent screening colonoscopy during March to August 2013, 120 were enrolled and randomized to receive either CO2 or air insufflation at colonoscopy. Both the colonoscopist and participant were blinded to the type of gas used. Abdominal pain and distension were assessed using a visual analog scoring system. The frequency and duration of toilet visits during a 2-hour postcolonoscopy period were recorded using a radiofrequency identification system.Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups in terms of age, sex, and procedure time. In the 2 hours after colonoscopy, 50 participants (83 %) in the air group and 18 participants (30 %) in the CO2 group (P < 0.001) used the toilet at least once. The mean (± SD) duration of each toilet visit was 5.93 ± 4.65 minutes in the air group and 1.53 ± 2.84 minutes in the CO2 group (P < 0.001). The abdominal discomfort score was lower in the CO2 group than in the air group both at the end of the colonoscopy (P < 0.001) and 2 hours later (P < 0.001).Insufflation with CO2 can significantly reduce abdominal discomfort and toilet use after colonoscopy. Use of this technique may help reduce patient burden and allow more efficient use of space in the endoscopy unit.
Atenolol and bendrofluazide in hypertension.
Authors: J C Petrie, D B Galloway, J Webster, W T Simpson, J A Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The effect of atenolol, a new beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, was studied in a double-blind cross-over trial in 24 carefully selected hypertensive outpatients. After a four-week run-in period on matching placebo each patient received atenolol 200 mg/day, atenolol 400 mg/day, a combination of atenolol 200/mg day with bendrofluazide 5 mg/day, and bendrofluazide 5 mg/day alone, according to a random sequence. Atenolol at either dose produced a significantly greater reduction in all blood pressure levels except standing systolic pressure than bendrofluazide alone. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of the two atenolol doses on either blood pressure or pulse rate. The addition of bendrofluazide to atenolol resulted in a further significant lowering of the blood pressure. A significant effect of thiazide on weight was noted. The study shows that atenolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker of similar potency to propranolol in animals but without membrane-stabilizing or partial agonist acitivity, is an effective and well-tolerated hypotensive agent.
Clinical impact of absolute lymphocyte count on day 30 after unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplantation for pediatric patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Ying‐Jun Chang, Xiang‐Yu Zhao, Ming‐Rui Huo, Lan‐Ping Xu, Dai‐Hong Liu, Kai‐Yan Liu, Xiao‐Jun Huang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Currently, limited information is available regarding the effects of early lymphocyte recovery on transplant outcomes in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies after unmanipulated haploidentical transplantation. In this study, we evaluated the association of Day 30 absolute lymphocyte count (ALC-30) with transplant outcomes in 60 consecutive pediatric patients with hematological malignancies receiving T-cell-repleted transplantation from an haploidentical related donors. After median follow-up of 36 months (range, 1.4-75 months), higher relapse rate was observed in patients with an ALC-30 < 300 cells/μL compared to patients with an ALC-30 ≥ 300 cells/μL (35.5% vs. 13.8%, P = 0.049). More patients died of infections in those with an ALC-30 < 300 cells/μL compared with patients with an ALC-30 ≥ 300 cells/μL (25.8% vs. 3.4%, P = 0.015). The ALC-30 above the cutoff value 300 cells/μL was associated with improved overall-survival (HR 0.301, 95% CI 0.117-0.771; P = 0.012), leukemia free survival (HR 0.195, 95% CI 0.078-0.498; P=0.002), less relapse (HR 0.224 95% CI 0.070-0.717; P = 0.012), and less transplant- related mortality (HR=0.166; 95%CI 0.037-0.750; P = 0.020). Our results suggest that a higher ALC-30 ≥ 300 cells/μL) could be a useful and simple tool to predict pediatric patients with a superior outcome after unmanipulated haploidentical transplantation.
Isoniazid and Cancer Risks
Authors: Phyllis Q. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The question of the potential carcinogenicity of isoniazid, raised by Dr. Carolyn T. Miller of the University of Ottawa (230:1254, 1974), is of serious concern. Dr. Miller has kindly agreed to make her data available to the Center for Disease Control for careful study by our staff. Meanwhile, we are reviewing the current status of persons who had isoniazid for preventive therapy some years ago in studies conducted by the Public Health Service. We have kept up a periodic review of long-term results, not only of the continued effectiveness of preventive treatment in tuberculosis, but also for any indication that there might be delayed adverse effects, such as cancer. To now, we have seen no indication of a carcinogenic effect. Tuberculosis mortality and morbidity continue to decline, and we hope to see that decline accelerated in the coming years with vigorous application of effective chemotherapy for those who
Mycobacterium bovis BCG killed by extended freeze-drying reduces airway hyperresponsiveness in 2 animal models
Authors: Micheline Lagranderie, Mohammad Abolhassani, Jeroen Vanoirbeek, Jean Lefort, Marie-Anne Nahori, Jose-Roberto Lapa e Silva, Michel Huerre, Boris Vargaftig, Gilles Marchal
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Critical features of FAK-expressing AML bone marrow microenvironment through leukemia stem cell hijacking of mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: M Despeaux, E Labat, M Gadelorge, N Prade, J Bertrand, C Demur, C Recher, P Bonnevialle, B Payrastre, P Bourin, C Racaud-Sultan
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Chronic hepatitis B in children after e antigen seroclearance: Final report of a 29-year longitudinal study
Authors: Flavia Bortolotti, Maria Guido, Samuela Bartolacci, Paolo Cadrobbi, Carlo Crivellaro, Franco Noventa, Giulia Morsica, Maria Moriondo, Angelo Gatta
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Chronic hepatitis B is usually a benign disease in Caucasian children; however, the long-term prognosis remains unsettled. This report describes the results of a 29-year longitudinal study including 99 white children with chronic hepatitis B, mainly acquired horizontally: 91 were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive (4 had cirrhosis), and 8 were HBeAg negative at presentation. Of the 91 HBeAg-positive children, 89 underwent HBeAg seroconversion after a mean period of 5.2 +/- 4.0 years and were included in the study. Of the 85 children without cirrhosis, one had HBeAg-negative hepatitis and the other 84 became inactive carriers. During a mean follow-up of 14.5 +/- 6.1 years after HBeAg seroclearance, 4 carriers experienced reactivation, and 3 of them had HBeAg-negative hepatitis at the last follow-up. Of the 8 initially HBeAg-negative children, 2 had HBeAg-negative hepatitis, and 6 were inactive carriers. Of the 4 children with cirrhosis, 2 had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and remained alive and 2 lost the histological features of cirrhosis in adulthood. Two patients with HBeAg-negative hepatitis and 1 with cirrhosis had experienced drug abuse. At the end of follow-up, 15 of the 89 initially HBeAg-positive patients and 2 of 8 initially HBeAg-negative children had cleared hepatitis B surface antigen. In conclusion, the overall prognosis for chronic hepatitis B in horizontally infected Caucasian children is favorable; however, some patients progress to HCC and HBeAg-negative hepatitis. Long-term monitoring is important, as is counseling on cofactors of liver damage, such as alcohol and drug abuse.
What’s in a Name?
Authors: Meredith L. Orseth, Thomas G. Cropley
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Only 11 of 91 countries meet WHO standard on air quality
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Outdoor air pollution in cities, especially in poor and rapidly developing countries, have reached levels that pose a serious threat to people’s health, says a study by the World Health Organization that was based on data from nearly 1100 cities in 91 countries.

“We hope this will generate some public pressure,” said Maria Neira, WHO’s director for public health and the environment.

Dr Neira said that effective interventions to reduce air pollution would also help reduce the cost of hospitalisation of people who have chronic diseases attributable to poor air quality.

WHO says that PM10 …
HYPERTHERMIA (114F RECTAL) WITH RECOVERY
Authors: Alfred A. Fracchia
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The maximal temperature rise in man from which there can be complete recovery is a question of both practical and theoretical interest, which perhaps, in the future, can be definitely answered on the basis of numerous well-documented reports. At present, a categorical statement concerning this is not possible. Undoubtedly, the duration of the hyperthermia is of great importance in survival. In the older literature, there are a number of fantastic reports of extreme hyperthermia, ranging from 120 to 170 F; it is obvious these are fradulent. According to McNeal,<sup>1</sup>114.8 F is the upper limit of hyperthermia that may be accepted as authentic without strong substantiating evidence. In his monograph on animal heat, Richet<sup>2</sup>listed 109 instances of hyperthermia, ranging from 107.6 to 112.2 F, with only 13 instances of survival, a survival incidence of about 11% for the group. Castellani and Chalmers,<sup>3</sup>under the classification "hyperpyrexial
Ethics guidance for HIV prevention trials
Authors: Kathleen M MacQueen, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Jeremy Sugarman
Journal: BMJ (2003)

International trials of HIV prevention strategies are necessary to end the AIDS pandemic, but they present complex ethical challenges that are not uniformly or adequately addressed in existing guidance documents. The HIV Prevention Trials Network has developed ethics guidance that incorporates best practices and emerging consensus on four areas:

Further discussion of these issues is available on bmj.com. The guidance emphasises concern for communities as well as participants and grounds obligations within a participatory process. It outlines procedures for balancing obligations and …
Target Platelet Antigen in Homosexual Men with Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Raphael B. Stricker, Donald I. Abrams, Laurence Corash, Marc A. Shuman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

A syndrome of isolated immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has recently been described in homosexual men. We have identified an antiplatelet antibody in the serum of 29 of 30 homosexual men with isolated ITP. The antibody binds to a platelet membrane antigen of 25,000 daltons, and binding is effected by the F(ab)2 portion of the immunoglobulin. Similar antibody activity was not detected in serum from 30 nonhomosexual patients with either ITP or nonimmune thrombocytopenia. The 25,000-dalton antigen was not found on other hematopoietic cells, and it was distinct from the core protein of the AIDS-associated retrovirus. In contrast, serum antibody reacted with a 25,000-dalton antigen associated with cultured herpes simplex virus Types I and II. In these experiments the antigen appeared to be derived from green-monkey kidney cells in which the herpes simplex viruses were grown. Identical antigenic activity was also demonstrated in uninfected human skin fibroblasts. We conclude that ITP in homosexual men is accompanied by a serum antibody directed against a platelet antigen of 25,000 daltons. The nature of the antigen and the relation of the serum antibody to ITP require further study. (N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1375–80.)
Which is the optimal ablation endpoint for pulmonary vein disarticulation? Insight from circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Carlo Pappone, Salvatore Rosanio, Gabriele Vicedomini, Monica Tocchi, Giuseppe Oreto, Cosimo Dicandia, Filippo Gugllotta, Adriano Salvati, Vincenzo Santinelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
STUDIES ON THE ENZYMES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: O. T. Avery, Glenn E. Cullen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

1. Pneumococci contain an intracellular enzyme of marked lipolytic activity as measured by the acid liberated by its action on tributyrin. 2. Enzyme-containing solutions may be prepared by dissolving pneumococci in bile, or by extraction by other means. 3. The optimum reaction for maximum activity of the endolipase is about pH 7.8, which coincides with the optimum hydrogen ion concentration for growth of pneumococci. 4. Heating the enzyme for 10 minutes at 70°C. destroys its activity. 5. Attenuation of virulence of pneumococcus had no measureable effect on enzyme activity. 6. The possible relation of the endolipase to the mechanism of bile solubility is discussed.
Understanding why evidence from randomised clinical trials may not be retrieved from Medline: comparison of indexed and non-indexed records
Authors: L. S. Wieland, K. A. Robinson, K. Dickersin
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To explore why reports that seem to describe randomised controlled trials are sometimes not indexed ("tagged") with RCT (randomised controlled trial) [pt] (publication type) in Medline. <b>Design </b>Cross sectional study. <b>Setting</b> The Cochrane Collaboration and US National Library of Medicine worked together to identify and retag records of randomised controlled trials with RCT [pt], 1994 to 2006. <b>Data source</b> Published reports entered into Medline in 2005. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Type of trial information presented (for example, main results, design, and methods), trial design, and other Medline indexing terms applied. <b>Results</b> 572/591 (97%) untagged records and 578/594 (97%) tagged records contained information from randomised controlled trials. Type of trial information and design differed between untagged and tagged reports. Fewer than half (234/572, 41%, 95% confidence interval 37% to 45%) of untagged reports but most tagged reports (526/578, 91%, 89% to 93%) described the main results of the trial. Untagged reports were more likely than tagged reports to contain information on design and methods, baseline characteristics, long term follow-up, and secondary analyses. Untagged reports of main results were more likely than tagged reports to be from trials using a crossover design (36% <i>v</i> 10%, difference 25%, 95% confidence interval 19% to 32%). The Medical Subject Heading "Randomized Controlled Trials" was the most common clinical trial term applied to untagged reports, although more than half of untagged reports had no indexing related to trials. <b>Conclusion</b> Based on the results for 2005, at least 3000 records describing randomised controlled trials but not indexed using RCT [pt] may have been entered into Medline between 2006 and 2011. Researchers and healthcare decision makers relying on using RCT [pt] may be missing important evidence in their searches, particularly for design and methods, baseline characteristics, long term follow-up, and secondary data analyses.
Profession, Press, and Television
Authors: J. Prince
Journal: BMJ (1970)

JOHRNALconcentrate available resources into fewer and larger units."Mr. Roper's report was dealing with the office of Health Economics' latest publication Building for Health.This wellconsidered document, the result of wideseeking research, seriously challenges the concept of huge hospitals and suggests that resources would be better employed in the development of about 1,000 community care units.Any one properly interested in the future pattern of hospitals (and therefore in the future pattern of medical care because the two are intimately related) would know that the subject is very much open and the decisions involved are ones that will profoundly affect all of us, both as doctors and as potential patients for the next half century or more.May I ask, therefore, through your col- umns if the originator of this press pro- nouncement will reveal himself, and also the authority on which he bases his "wis- dom.