tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extremely Intron-Rich Genes in the Alveolate Ancestors Inferred with a Flexible Maximum-Likelihood Approach
Authors: M. Csuros, I. B. Rogozin, E. V. Koonin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Chromalveolates are a large, diverse supergroup of unicellular eukaryotes that includes Apicomplexa, dinoflagellates, ciliates (three lineages that form the alveolate branch), heterokonts, haptophytes, and cryptomonads (three lineages comprising the chromist branch). All sequenced genomes of chromalveolates have relatively low intron density in protein-coding genes, and few intron positions are shared between chromalveolate lineages. In contrast, genes of different chromalveolates share many intron positions with orthologous genes from other eukaryotic supergroups, in particular, the intron-rich orthologs from animals and plants. Reconstruction of the history of intron gain and loss during the evolution of chromalveolates using a general and flexible maximum-likelihood approach indicates that genes of the ancestors of chromalveolates and, particularly, alveolates had unexpectedly high intron densities. It is estimated that the chromalveolate ancestor had, approximately, two-third of the human intron density, whereas the intron density in the genes of the alveolate ancestor is estimated to be slightly greater than the human intron density. Accordingly, it is inferred that the evolution of chromalveolates was dominated by intron loss. The conclusion that ancestral chromalveolate forms had high intron densities is unexpected because all extant unicellular eukaryotes have relatively few introns and are thought to be unable to maintain numerous introns due to intense purifying selection in their, typically, large populations. It is suggested that, at early stages of evolution, chromalveolates went through major population bottlenecks that were accompanied by intron invasion.
Impaired Vision from Mental Work
Authors: H. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1866)

attack of rigors to-day.Twelve inoculations were made.Jan. 18th.She was much worse, delirious; pulse 180.The skin was hot and dry; the tongue dry and coated brown.She refused her food; passed her urine and feces under her.I ordered her Hogarth's essence of meat; ammonia, chloric ether, and bark.Jan. 19th, 20th, and 21st.Fhe was improving, but still very weak; pulse 150.Two large bed-sores had formed, one on the sacrum and the other on the right hip.She was inoculated in twelve places.Jan. 24th.The arms had not taken, but the legs had.Jan. 27th.She had become jaundiced, and vomited her food again.The bed-sores were increasing.From this time till Feb. 5th, she gained a little strength, but the pulse kept very high the whole time.From that date she began to get worse, and died on February 9th.REMARKS.This is the first case treated by syphi- lisation in this countrywhich has died; but the patient was, I consider, in such a bad state when Dr. Boeck first commenced to syphilise her, that she most likely would have died; and it was a curious fact that, as soon as the inoculations commenced to take well, her health began to improve.The pulse became quieter, and she gained flesh; and I thought she would quite recover.From Jan. 5th till about the 18th of the same month, she had a great deal of mental excitement, also great grief, crying all day long.This caused a loss of appetite.From Jan. 18th, she did not im- prove, although the cause of her mental anxiety was removed.Her pulse was below 120.On the 21st, the large bed-sores made their appearance, and she became jaundiced on the 27th.On the chest, it will be perceived, I could obtain no positive results from Dec. 20th; and, the last inoculations on the arm showing that the disease was gradually being overcome, I do not consider that the woman's death was due to the
Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk for &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Clostridium difficile&lt;/emph&gt; Infection
Authors: Giuseppe Famularo
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
708-2 Are All Defects Created Equal? Relative Prognostic Implications of Fixed and Reversible Hypoperfusion in Patients with Temporally Remote Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rory Hachamovitch, Chrisandra Shufelt, Hosen Kiat, George A. Diamond, Ishac Cohen, J. Arthur Cabico, Janine Gonzalez, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Junior doctors' desire to practise falls in first year of training
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A number of trainee doctors became disenchanted with practising medicine in their first year of training, known as foundation year 1, a BMA study shows. It found that the number who said they strongly wished to practise medicine nearly halved between graduation from medical school and the end of foundation year 1.

The 10 year BMA cohort study is following the career paths of 435 doctors who graduated in 2006, to help with future workforce planning. The second report, published on 7 July, gives information about their work and experiences in their first foundation year of training along with their thoughts on their future careers.

The study found that on completing foundation year 1 just …
Risk Factors for Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Michael Jacobson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters20 July 1999Risk Factors for Infective EndocarditisMichael Jacobson, MD, MPHMichael Jacobson, MD, MPHLenox Hill Hospital; New York, NY 10021 (Jacobson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-2-199907200-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In a case–control study of patients with endocarditis (1), Strom and colleagues found no increase in dental procedures within 3 months before the onset of endocarditis compared with controls. They conclude that dental procedures are not a significant risk factor for infective endocarditis.The case-patients were drawn from a community-based population subject to conventional antibiotic prophylaxis before dental work. Although the authors state that “few patients received antibiotic prophylaxis,” in fact 27 of 35 case-patients and controls with known cardiac valvular abnormalities did receive such prophylaxis before dental work.If dental prophylaxis is indeed effective, one would ...Reference1. Strom BL, Abrutyn E, Berlin JA, Kinman JL, Feldman RS, Stolley PD, et al . Dental and cardiac risk factors for infective endocarditis. A population-based, case–control study. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:761-9. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Jacobson, MD, MPHAffiliations: Lenox Hill Hospital; New York, NY 10021 (Jacobson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDental and Cardiac Risk Factors for Infective Endocarditis: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study Brian L. Strom , Elias Abrutyn , Jesse A. Berlin , Judith L. Kinman , Roy S. Feldman , Paul D. Stolley , Matthew E. Levison , Oksana M. Korzeniowski , and Donald Kaye Risk Factors for Infective Endocarditis R. Paul Adams Risk Factors for Infective Endocarditis Peter Collignon Risk Factors for Infective Endocarditis Brian L. Strom , Judith L. Kinman , and Elias Abrutyn Metrics 20 July 1999Volume 131, Issue 2 Page: 154 Keywords Antibiotic prophylaxis Endocarditis Medical risk factors Prophylaxis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 20 July 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Affinities and densities of high-affinity [3H]muscimol (GABA-A) binding sites and of central benzodiazepine receptors are unchanged in autopsied brain tissue from cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Roger F. Butterworth, Joël Lavoie, Jean-François Giguère, Gilles Pomier-Layrargues
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The integrity of GABA-A receptors and of central benzodiazepine receptors was evaluated in membrane preparations from prefrontal cortex and caudate nuclei obtained at autopsy from nine cirrhotic patients who died in hepatic coma and an equal number of age-matched control subjects. Histopathological studies revealed Alzheimer Type II astrocytosis in all cases in the cirrhotic group; controls were free from neurological, psychiatric or hepatic diseases. Binding to GABA-A receptors was studied using [ 3 H]muscimol as radioligand. The integrity of central benzodiazepine receptors was evaluated using [ 3 H]flunitrazepam and [ 3 H]Ro15-1788. Data from saturation binding assays was analyzed by Scatchard plot. No modifications of either affinities (K d ) or densities (B max ) of [ 3 H]muscimol of central benzodiazepine binding sites were observed. These findings do not support recent suggestions that alterations of either high-affinity GABA or benzodiazepine receptors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.
Large Hepatic Hematoma and Intraabdominal Hemorrhage Associated with Abuse of Anabolic Steroids
Authors: Jan Schumacher, Gerhard Müller, Karl-Friedrich Klotz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) trial (Nov.5 issue) 1 is the third study, after the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study 2 and the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events study, 3 on the use of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors for secondary prevention of coronary disease.The positive results of this trial are as marginal as those of the studies that preceded it.The authors calculated relatively high values for risk re-*Trials whose authors originally acknowledged not having obtained IRB approval or informed consent are included with trials whose authors did not originally disclose information about these issues.For comparisons of the failure to disclose information on one or both issues, the percentages of authors who failed to report on both must be added to the percentages of authors who failed to report on one.
Prolonged Alteration of Renin Responsiveness after Spironolactone Therapy
Authors: Stephen C. Lowder, Grant W. Liddle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

AMONG patients with essential hypertension, a subset has been recognized as having characteristically low plasma renin activity (PRA). PRA is subnormal not only under ordinary circumstances but also under conditions designed to stimulate renin secretion. Thus, in this group of patients, plasma renin activity remains low even in response to the combined stimuli of furosemide and the assumption of upright posture.1 , 2 The correct identification of patients with the syndrome of "low-renin essential hypertension" is useful because chronic therapy with the mineralocorticoid antagonist, spironolactone, has repeatedly been shown to lower the blood pressure of patients with this condition.2 3 4 5 6 As the hypertension . . .
Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Compensatory Renal Hypertrophy
Authors: Jian-Kang Chen, Jianchun Chen, Eric G. Neilson, Raymond C. Harris
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Loss of functioning nephrons stimulates the growth of residual kidney tissue to augment work capacity and maintain normal renal function. This growth largely occurs by hypertrophy rather than from hyperplasia of the remaining nephrons. The signaling mechanisms that increase RNA and protein synthesis during compensatory renal hypertrophy are unknown. This study found that the remaining kidney hypertrophied 42% by 16 d after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) in DBA/2 mice. Immunoblotting analysis revealed increased phosphorylation of the 40S ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), the two downstream effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The highly specific mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocked UNX-increased phosphorylation of both rpS6 and 4E-BP1. UNX increased the content of not only 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits but also 80S monosomes and polysomes in the remaining kidney. Administration of rapamycin decreased UNX-induced polysome formation and shifted the polysome profile in the direction of monosomes and ribosomal subunits. Pretreatment of the mice with rapamycin inhibited UNX-induced hypertrophy. These studies demonstrate that activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in the remaining kidney after UNX plays an essential role in modulating RNA and protein synthesis during development of compensatory renal hypertrophy.
General Psychiatry as a Primary-Care Specialty-Reply
Authors: Donald Oken
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Dr Gillette's and Dr Zervanos' skepticism expresses well the prevailing but now outdated impression of psychiatric practice. One reason for our commentary was to provide facts to correct just this. The recent evolution of general psychiatry has been associated with a broadened role of psychiatrists that is more closely integrated with that of other physicians and involves providing a very substantial amount of primary care. It is this latter fact that is subsumed in our necessarily condensed phrasing that general psychiatry is "a primary-care specialty," not that psychiatrists do not also provide secondary specialized treatment. Dr Gillette mistakes our meaning, however, if he believes that this primary care is restricted entirely to psychiatric patients, although this is a large segment of the population, as we documented. It also includes substantial numbers of patients with past or incidentally coexisting psychiatric illness, with nonpsychiatric disorders whose presenting symptoms mimic psychiatric
GW25-e5274 Lycopene protects endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis against neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation injury
Authors: Xu Jiqian, Chen Bin, Zhou Zhou, Xu Lei, Zhang Shuang, Yu Zhengping, Hu Houxiang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Quitting Smoking Unassisted
Authors: Andrea L. Smith, Simon Chapman
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE URETER
Authors: P. E. McCOWN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The rarity of primary neoplasms of the ureter and the great difficulties offered to accurate diagnosis, especially in the case presented here, has stimulated me to review the reported cases and to present data which, I hope, will aid in the early diagnosis of this condition. Early treatment is necessary to save the lives of these patients, since these tumors have widespread and rather early metastases.  There is no symptomatology that is of any special aid in the diagnosis of this condition. A review of the literature on this subject discloses that the diagnosis of fifteen of these cases was made at the autopsy table; in only eight or nine clinical cases was the true condition suspected, and in only three cases was the diagnosis made before operation.  The first case report, that of Wiesing and Blix, 1 was made in 1878, and not until that of Davey, 2 in
Using Time Effectively During In-Training and Certification Examinations
Authors: Linda M. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
95 Bicarbonate-rich choleresis induced by secretin in normal rat is taurocholate dependent and involves AE2 anion exchanger
Authors: J.M. Banales, F. Arenas, C.M. Rodriguez-Ortigosa, E. Sáez, I. Uriarte, R.B. Doctor, J. Prieto, J.F. Medina
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Doctor charged with manslaughter for giving patient a lethal dose of adrenaline 10 years ago
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A doctor who gave a fatal dose of adrenaline to a patient who was in septic shock is standing trial for manslaughter more than 10 years after the death.

Priya Ramnath, aged 40, who moved to the United States soon after the incident, returned voluntarily to face trial after moves to extradite her. She denies the manslaughter of Patricia Leighton, aged 51, by gross negligence in July 1998.

Dr Ramnath was a registrar in the intensive therapy unit at Stafford General Hospital, when Mrs Leighton, who had arthritis, was admitted with septic shock. A wound on a bunion on her foot had become infected …
Incidental Scintigraphic Finding of Ovarian Teratoma Containing Normal Thyroid Tissue on Post–Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Mathieu Gauthé, Antony Kelly, Catherine Dejax, Florent Cachin, Nicolas Bourdel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Abnormal focal uptakes are often visualized on I post-treatment scintigraphy in case of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. For some of these, especially on atypical localization, it can be difficult to affirm the benign or malignant nature. A high serum thyroglubulin value after surgery may suggest the presence of metastatic disease. We report a case of an abnormal ovarian uptake on post-treatment scintigraphy associated with an elevated thyroglobulin value revealing finally an ovarian mature cystic teratoma containing normal thyroid tissue.
Research bureaucracy in the United Kingdom: Ask for help
Authors: Colette M Reid
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—I recently took a similar length of time as Wald to complete a 60 page COREC form, for a study comparing two different approaches to the management of cancer pain.1 Wald may have been unduly harsh about the process and available support.

Perhaps I have been lucky, but I have had invaluable help from our …
Blood volume flow and sonagram disturbance in diseased common carotid arteries: one year follow-up
Authors: D. E FITZGERALD, A M O'SHAUGHNESSY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

A pulsed Doppler velocimeter with an adjustable range gated time system and a double transducer probe has been used to measure velocity and volume flow in follow-up studies of 100 patients with extra-cranial cerebro-vascular disease. The patient material was subgrouped according to whether the disease involved the carotid or vertebral arteries unilaterally or bilaterally. The results showed an unexpected and unexplained trend towards an improvement in mean volume blood flow in the common carotid arteries over the course of 1 year except in those patients who initially presented with four vessel disease in whom there was a trend towards deterioration. In contrast to this spectral analysis of the blood velocity flow showed evidence of deterioration with an increase in flow disturbance and damping. This deterioration was observed either in the vessel originally found with disease or by involvement of an additional vessel showing evidence of disease at the time of follow-up. The deterioration in sonagram appearance was statistically significant in the two and four vessel disease groups (0.025>P>0.01) the remaining two groups showed a similar trend towards deterioration but the numbers of patients in these two groups was probably too small to attain statistical significance.
A Few Minor Queries in Medical Science
Authors: W. Hinds
Journal: BMJ (1860)

May 21st.Pulse 92.He had expectorated rust-coloured sputum.Vomiting was for the first time produced by the mixture.It was omitted, but the pill was continued.May 23rd.The pulse was 96, soft and regular.We com- plained of but little pain.There was some dulness and bron- chophony at the lower part of the left lung.A large blister was ordered.The pills to be taken twice a day.He steadily improved from day to day.The pills were stopped on the 25th, only a slight effect having been produced on the gums.He was ordered effervescing saline, with ipecacuanha and squills.May 27th.No crepitation could be heard, but slight dulness remained.Pulse 80. June 2nd.He had quite recovered from his chest-symptoms.During the treatment the diet was regulated very much according to the feelings of the patient.In the early part of the disease there was no appetite for food; but as the symp- toms began to subside, beef-tea, nutritious broths, and any food that could be taken, was allowed.After the subsidence of the pneumonia, he had a return of pain in the leg and slight inflammation of the saphena vein, which remained thickened for some time, and prevented him walking well.By the beginning of July, almost all symptoms had disappeared; but on the 9th, he went to some races, walked about a good deal, drank rather freely, and next day was seized with severe inflammation of the saphena vein, with an erysipelatous blush * For the testis and the ovary can hardly be regarded in any other light than as two glands, secreting from the blood (of an homologous artery, spermatic or ovarian), the one the sperm-cell (spermatozoon), the other the germ-cell (ovum), whose union constitutes the future progeny.