tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S45 Specific ventilation inequality and dead space components of lung clearance index in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis
Authors: S Gonem, S Natarajan, A Singapuri, Ce Brightling, P Gustafsson, A Horsley, S Siddiqui
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Lung clearance index (LCI) is a widely reported marker of gas mixing inefficiency within the airways that is derived using the multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) technique. We developed two novel parameters, LCI<sub>vent</sub> and LCI<sub>ds</sub>, to reflect the components of increased LCI due to (i) unequal convective ventilation between relatively large lung units, and (ii) increased respiratory dead space, respectively. We hypothesised that these parameters would be repeatable, would effectively discriminate between healthy controls and patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), and would distinguish between different sub-phenotypes of these diseases. <h3>Methods</h3> Washout data from sixty-six healthy control subjects, seventy-four patients with asthma, and forty-one patients with CF were fitted to a two-compartment model of gas mixing, and the parameters LCI<sub>vent</sub> and LCI<sub>ds</sub> were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> LCI<sub>vent</sub> and LCI<sub>ds</sub> were markedly elevated in patients with CF, and mildly elevated in patients with asthma, compared to controls, as illustrated in Figure 1. LCI<sub>vent</sub> and LCI<sub>ds</sub> were weakly correlated in controls (R = 0.36, p &lt; 0.01), moderately correlated in patients with asthma (R = 0.51, p &lt; 0.0001), and strongly correlated in patients with CF (R = 0.89, p &lt; 0.0001). LCI<sub>ds</sub> was significantly raised in CF patients with chronic <i>P. aeruginosa</i> colonisation compared to those without chronic colonisation (1.49 vs 1.34, p = 0.004). LCI, LCI<sub>vent</sub> and LCI<sub>ds</sub> were significantly raised in CF patients with a severe genotype compared to those with a mild genotype. No significant differences were observed between any of the asthma sub-phenotypes (severe vs non-severe, poorly-controlled vs not poorly controlled, exacerbator vs non-exacerbator, and eosinophilic vs non-eosinophilic) with respect to any MBW parameter. The intraclass correlation coefficients of LCI<sub>vent</sub> and LCI<sub>ds</sub> exceeded 0.85 in the asthma and CF groups, and 0.60 in controls. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The novel parameters LCI<sub>vent</sub> and LCI<sub>ds</sub> are repeatable and effectively discriminate between sub-phenotypes of CF, although their utility in asthma is currently unproven. Further studies are required to determine their utility in other airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to investigate their role as outcome measures in clinical trials, and to delineate their structural correlates.
Biological consequences of land use.
Authors: R E Munn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The primary goals of land-use planning are enunciated. A plea is made for consideration of the total biosphere and not just its separate components. The environmental impact statement process is reviewed and some suggestions made for its strengthening. Moves for international adoption of this process are noted, as well as the concept of eco-development currently under examination by UN agencies.
Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Pandurangan Vijayanand, Grégory Seumois, Chris Pickard, Robert M. Powell, Gilbert Angco, David Sammut, Stephan D. Gadola, Peter S. Friedmann, Ratko Djukanović
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The number of type 2 helper CD4+ T cells is increased in the airways of persons with asthma. Whether the majority of these cells are class II major-histocompatibility-complex-restricted cells or are among the recently identified CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T cells is a matter of controversy. We studied the frequency of invariant natural killer T cells in the airways of subjects with mild or moderately severe asthma to investigate the possibility of an association between the number of invariant natural killer T cells in the airway and disease severity. We also studied whether an increased number of these cells is a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).We enumerated invariant natural killer T cells by flow cytometry with the use of CD1d tetramers loaded with alpha-galactosylceramide and antibodies specific to the invariant natural killer T-cell receptor in samples of bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid, induced sputum, and bronchial-biopsy specimens obtained from subjects with mild or moderately severe asthma, subjects with COPD, and healthy control subjects. Real-time polymerase-chain-reaction analysis was performed on bronchoalveolar-lavage cells for evidence of gene expression of the invariant natural killer T-cell receptor.Fewer than 2% of the T cells obtained from all subjects on airway biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and sputum induction were invariant natural killer T cells, with no significant differences among the three groups of subjects. No expression of messenger RNA for the invariant natural killer T-cell-receptor domains Valpha24 and Vbeta11 was detected in bronchoalveolar-lavage cells from subjects with asthma.Invariant natural killer T cells are found in low numbers in the airways of subjects with asthma, subjects with COPD, and controls.
Intraoperative Systemic Tumor Embolism
Authors: P. S. Shankar
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1981)

Systemic tumor embolism may rarely occur during pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma and result in fatality. A successful removal of a saddle embolus consisting of tumor tissue at the bifurcation of the aorta following lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma is reported.
99m Tc-Sodium Pertechnetate Scanning of a Cystadenoma of the Larynx. A Case Report
Authors: JAMES S. HANNUM, DOUGLAS C. MAYNARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

Cystadenoma of the larynx is a rare tumor. Histologically, it is similar to the parotid papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (Warthin's tumor), which is easily sanned with 99m Tc-sodium pertechnetate. The authors report a case of laryngeal cystadenoma that was scanned with 99m Tc-sodium pertechnetate. There was no evidence that such scanning is useful in the detection and follow up of this tumor.
Activation of hepatic stellate cells by TGF alpha and collagen type I is mediated by oxidative stress through c-myb expression.
Authors: K S Lee, M Buck, K Houglum, M Chojkier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Excessive production of collagen type I is a major contributor to hepatic fibrosis. Activated (myofibroblastic), but not quiescent, hepatic stellate cells (lipocytes) have a high level of collagen type I and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. Therefore, stellate cell activation is a critical step in hepatic fibrosis. Here we show that quiescent stellate cells were activated by the generation of free radicals with ascorbate/FeSO4 and by malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. In addition, stellate cell activation by collagen type I matrix and TGF alpha was blocked by antioxidants, such as d-alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene. Moreover, oxidative stress, TGF alpha and collagen type I markedly stimulated stellate cell entry into S-phase, NFkB activity, and c-myb expression, which were prevented by antioxidants. c-myb antisense oligonucleotide blocked the activation and proliferation of stellate cells induced by TGF alpha. Nuclear extracts from activated, but not from quiescent, stellate cells formed a complex with the critical promoter E box of the alpha-smooth muscle actin gene, which was disrupted by c-myb and NFkB65 antibodies, and competed by c-myb and NFkB cognate DNA. c-Myb expression was also stimulated in activated stellate cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and fibrogenesis. This study indicates that oxidative stress plays an essential role, through the induction of c-myb and NFkB, on stellate cell activation.
Responding to Mass Psychogenic Illness
Authors: Simon Wessely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In this issue of the Journal, Jones and colleagues report on an episode of mass psychogenic illness that had a devastating impact on a high school in McMinnville, Tennessee.1 They provide an elegant description of the outbreak. Such outbreaks, unfortunately, are not novel. In 1787, St. Clare ended a similar epidemic among mill workers in Lancashire, England, by declaring the episode “merely nervous, easily cured and not introduced by the cotton.”2 Since then, there have been many reports in the medical literature of similar outbreaks, most often in closely congregated groups in enclosed settings, such as schools, factories, hospitals, and . . .
THE EFFECT OF TRIFLUSAL ON PRIMARY VASCULAR DYSREGULATION COMPARED WITH ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID: A DOUBLE-BLIND PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CROSS-OVER TRIAL
Authors: Sanghoon Shin, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Geu-Ru Hong, Jong-Won Ha, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Prominent Uptake of TI-201 by Duodenal Leiomyosarcoma After Exercise Myocardial Perfusion Study
Authors: NORIYUKI SHUKE, NORIHISA TONAMI, ICHIRO TAKAHASHI, TOMIAKI KAMEYAMA, KUNIHIKO YOKOYAMA, SEIGO KINUYA, KENICHI NAKAJIMA, TAMIO ABURANO, TAKATOSHI MICHIGISHI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Thallium-201 SPECT performed preoperatively for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia in a 72-year-old man with duodenal leiomyosarcoma demonstrated prominent focal uptake in the abdomen. Comparing a transaxial slice of SPECT through the abdominal uptake to the CT scan, the uptake was confirmed to be corresponding to the tumor. The tumor was delineated clearly, in good contrast to the surrounding normal intestine, which showed far less Tl-201 uptake than the tumor. In the delayed SPECT performed 3 hours after injection, although the intestinal activity became perceptible, the tumor still could be differentiated from the surrounding normal intestine. In this case, the exercise might be attributable to the initial low Tl-201 uptake by the normal intestine, which might otherwise have been an obstacle to Tl-201 scintigraphy for abdominal tumor detection. This case suggests the use of exercise for avoiding unfavorable intestinal activity, and the possibility of Tl-201 SPECT for abdominal tumor imaging.
Care of the Critically III Child
Authors: Lewis Leavitt
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This book addresses itself to the treatment methods for critically ill children and the pathophysiology of the problems encountered in a pediatric intensive care unit. The authors of the individual chapters are, with one exception, members of the same pediatric intensive-care-unit staff at the Alder Hey Children's Hospital. Their chapters are well integrated in a book which is much more than a manual. The coverage of cardiopulmonary physiology is extensive and well written. There are two excellent chapters on care of newborns by Dr. Swyer of the University of Toronto. One chapter is devoted entirely to newborn physiology. In the discussions, a fine balance is achieved between theory and practice. A chapter on techniques of treatment and electronic monitoring has informative sections on a broad range of topics including endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilators. It is pleasing to see electrical safety and grounding discussed—topics of great importance that physicians all
Crohn's Disease and Pregnancy
Authors: B. Heyworth, S. Basu, J. Clegg
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A.C.T.H. release are still circulating for very considerable times after injection of methylprednisolone.Studies on our own patients and observations by Jacombe et al. 1 suggest that after 17-20 days the resting plasma cortisol had returned to within the normal range, presumably because by this time there is little or no circulating exogenous steroid.Nevertheless, in our own study the adrenal response to A.C.T.H. remained suppiessed beyond this time, and even in patients studied for 60 days did not regain its former levels.We therefore considered that this degree of depression of adrenal response represented a recovery phase following the disappearance of exogenous steroid from the plasma.It seems important to re-state the con- clusion which we drew in our paper-that is, that this small degree of-suppression would probably be unimportant if only two doses of methylprednisolone were given.A more prolonged course of treatment though might produce correspondingly greater effects.-Weare, etc.,
MYOHEMOGLOBINURIA
Authors: Charles L. Yuile, William F. Clark
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

When myohemoglobin is injected intravenously into dogs, in amounts ranging from 0.75 to 1.50 gm., it is rapidly eliminated from the plasma and approximately 65 per cent is excreted by the kidneys in from 1(1/2) to 2(1/2) hours. Myohemoglobin does not appear in the urine below a threshold plasma concentration which is slightly under 20 mg. per 100 cc. but above this level the rate of renal excretion is directly proportional to the plasma concentration. The maximum myohemoglobin/creatinine clearance ratio averages 0.58 contrasted with a value of 0.023 for blood hemoglobin. This indicates that the rate of renal clearance of myohemoglobin is twenty-five times more rapid than that of blood hemoglobin. Evidence is presented that the excretory mechanism is essentially similar for the two substances but that differences in molecular weight account for different rates of glomerular filtration.
Ultrasound guided core biopsy is the diagnostic tool of choice in salivary gland swellings
Authors: E. Sellon, A. Moody, D. Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Ultrasound guided core biopsy is the diagnostic tool of choice in salivary gland swellings Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Reader's consent
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To help you decide whether or not to read this article, there are certain things we need to tell you. You should think about them and share them with your family, close friends, or chatroom. This will empower you to give—or withhold—your consent to reading this column.

In the past, like other journals, we relied on “implied consent.” By opening the BMJ , turning it the right way up and finding the back pages …
Abstract B1: Heme oxygenase-1 transcription controlling GTn repeat polymorphism has contrary prognostic value in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Katharina E. Effenberger, Yogesh K. Vashist, Guentac Uzungolu, Florian Trump, Viacheslav Kalinin, Maximilian Bockhorn, Burkhard Brandt, Klaus Pantel, Emre F. Yekebas, Jakob R. Izbicki
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: The regulation of basal transcription of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is dependent upon a GTn repeat polymorphism (GTn) in the promoter of the heme oxygenase-1 gene (HMOX-1). Here, we evaluate the role of GTn in surgically resected esophageal cancer patients without neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. Patients and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes of 297 patients. To determine the number of the GTn repeats DNA was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters, disseminated tumor cells (DTC) and clinical outcome. Results: Three genotypes (SS, SL and LL) were defined based on cut-off points for short allele (“S”) with GTn repeats &amp;lt;25 and ≥25 as long allele (“L”). Throughout all analyses a contrary role of GTn was evident in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) patients. In SCC patients the SS genotype patients presented with less aggressive tumors in terms of tumor size, presence of regional and non-regional lymph node metastases, DTC and lower relapse rate compared to SL and LL genotype patients. In contrast, in AC patients the SS genotype patients displayed more aggressive tumor biology with bigger tumors, a higher rate of lymph node metastases, DTC as well as tumor recurrence compared to LL and SL genotype patients. The disease-free and overall survival in SCC patients was markedly reduced in LL genotypes compared to SL and SS genotypes. To the contrary, in AC the SS genotype patients displayed the worst disease-free and overall survival. Conclusion: GTn was identified as an independent prognostic factor with contrary prognostic value for tumor recurrence and death in the two subtypes of esophageal cancer, SCC and AC. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B1
Basal cell hamartoma and cellular naevus: an unusual combined malformation
Authors: F. SCHELLANDER, R. MARKS, E. WILSON JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In this report are discussed three similar complex lesions which were composed of intermingled elements of a hamartomatous basal cell tumour and of a dermal cellular naevus. It appeared that some of the naevus cells arose directly from the basal cell strands in the deep portions of the hamartoma. This situation is contrasted with the coincidental origin of an aggressive basal cell epithelioma at the site of a dermal naevus. An instance of a dermal cellular naevus and an immediately adjacent syringoma is also described.
LI‐RADS (Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System): Summary, discussion, and consensus of the LI‐RADS Management Working Group and future directions
Authors: Donald G. Mitchell, Jordi Bruix, Morris Sherman, Claude B. Sirlin
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

To improve standardization and consensus regarding performance, interpreting, and reporting computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the liver in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), LI‐RADS (Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System) was launched in March 2011 and adopted by many clinical practices throughout the world. LI‐RADS categorizes nodules recognized at CT or MRI, in patients at high risk of HCC, as definitively benign, probably benign, intermediate probability of being HCC, probably HCC, and definitively HCC (corresponding to LI‐RADS categories 1‐5). The LI‐RADS Management Working Group, consisting of internationally recognized medical and surgical experts on HCC management, as well as radiologists involved in the development of LI‐RADS, was convened to evaluate management implications related to radiological categorization of the estimated probability that a lesion will be ultimately diagnosed as HCC. In this commentary, we briefly review LI‐RADS and the initial consensus of the LI‐RADS Management Working Group reached during its deliberations in 2013. We then focus on initial discordance of LI‐RADS with American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Organ Procurement Transplant Network guidelines, the basis for these differences, and how they are being addressed going forward to optimize reporting of CT and MRI findings in patients at risk for HCC and to increase consensus throughout the international community of physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. (H epatology 2015;61:1056–1065)
Ischaemic heart disease and cholesterol Safety of cholesterol reduction remains in doubt
Authors: M F Muldoon, S B Manuck, M R Law, N J Wald, T Wu, A Hackshaw, S G Thompson, A Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1994)

public response and the quality of the organs.Now that a national precedent has been set we intend to implement our programme.Early cooling of the organs is crucial to success, but concern has been expressed over the legality of organ perfusion catheters being placed before
Bernard Cecil Rosenberg
Authors: R. Rosenberg, S. Rosenberg, R. Rosenberg, D. Fenton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

After initial house jobs in Dublin, Bernard Cecil Rosenberg came to England in 1963. By 1964 he had decided to follow a career in obstetrics and gynaecology, becoming a member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 1970 …
In Defense of a Department of Geriatrics
Authors: Christine K. Cassel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Departmental status for geriatrics offers many advantages, all of which are related to strengthening academic and clinical programs in aging. The training programs and the content of medical school curriculum in geriatrics remain inadequate under the current structures. A department of geriatrics can provide a stronger faculty base and allow effective interaction with other departments (including but not limited to internal medicine) that need geriatric training. A department of geriatrics also focuses on a model of care that involves working closely with other disciplines, such as nursing and social work. This interdisciplinary model helps expert providers work efficiently throughout the spectrum of care, strengthening continuity. The department can include other medical specialists, such as family practitioners, psychiatrists, and physiatrists, who work with caregivers and patients throughout a course of treatment to manage chronic illness and help maintain and enhance function and independence as long as possible. Comprehensive care and proper care management also substantially benefit institutions by expanding the patient population, reducing length of stay, and avoiding unnecessary hospitalization of older patients through effective discharge planning and transitional care. This requires strong relationships with long-term care providers, a characteristic strength of geriatricians. Although not all research in aging needs to be housed in a department of geriatric medicine, the presence of a critical mass of basic and clinical researchers creates an environment that can stimulate new initiatives and attract external funding. Additional research bridging basic translational and clinical phases relevant to the elderly population is best encouraged by maintaining relationships with other basic science and clinical departments.
Caffeine Analgesia-Reply
Authors: Eugene M. Laska
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We have carefully considered each of the points raised by Drs Temple and Pigeon, and we find that each has either been addressed in our article or is simply incorrect. Drs Temple and Pigeon are factually wrong in asserting that it is impossible to test the validity of the model assumptions used in the bioassay analysis. We reported the results of the validity tests for each of the graded dose studies in our article. Concerning the linearity of the dose range, of the 30 studies, only two used a dose of 217 mg and four used 2,000 mg or nearly 2,000 mg. All but a few used dosages of 1, 2, and 3 or 1, 2, and 4 tablets. The analysis of each trial included a test for deviation from linearity. Consistent with chance, only one of the 30 studies evidenced a significant deviation. Regarding the proper number