tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
American Cancer Society calls for more balance in reporting of tamoxifen risk study
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The American Cancer Society has said that tamoxifen prevents far more second breast cancers and deaths than it causes. The society was responding to media headlines triggered by a US study showing a rise in numbers of oestrogen receptor negative breast cancers in the contralateral breast in women who had been taking tamoxifen for five years or longer.

The study, conducted by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle, Washington, reported that women who took tamoxifen for more than five years after treatment for primary oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer had a fourfold higher risk of oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer, which is more difficult to treat, in the opposite breast ( Cancer Research 2009;69:6865-70, doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1355).

The observational study …
Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) delays inflammation resolution by reducing neutrophil apoptosis and reverse migration in a zebrafish inflammation model
Authors: Philip M. Elks, Fredericus J. van Eeden, Giles Dixon, Xingang Wang, Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro, Philip W. Ingham, Moira K. B. Whyte, Sarah R. Walmsley, Stephen A. Renshaw
Journal: Blood (2011)
Significance of sampling height of airborne particles for aerobiological information
Authors: A. Rantio‐Lehtimäki, A. Koivikko, R. Kupias, Y. Mäkinen, A. Pohjola
Journal: Allergy (1991)

Pollen and spore counts from Burkard traps for routine pollen and spore sampling placed at 15 m above ground and at ground level were compared. Daily counts of most pollen types were higher on the ground than at roof level, but the counts were significantly correlated. The ratios of pollen frequencies at high and low levels varied between 1.0 and 11.5. The most prominent differences were recorded for herbaceous pollen (e.g. Artemisia counts 11.5 and Poaccae counts 4.4 times higher at ground level) and in Botrytis and Ustilaginales spores. Tree pollen grains and basidiomycetous spores were more equally distributed. Wind speed did not affect the variation of pollen frequencies at either height. Large spores are not so unevenly distributed as previously supposed. Artemisia and grass pollen was detected 1 to 2 weeks earlier at ground level than on the roof. It is therefore concluded that especially the beginning of flowering should be monitored at a low level.
Does Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Optimize the Surgical Management of Thyroid Disorders in Endemic Goiter Region?
Authors: Iyad Hassan, Thomas Osei-Agymang, E. Domínguez Fernández, Thomas Behr, Peter Barth, Annette Ramaswamy, Hans Helge Mueller, Andreas Zielke, Matthias Rothmund
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2008)
Smoking and Prostate Cancer Survival and Recurrence
Authors: Stacey A. Kenfield
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Studies of smoking in relation to prostate cancer mortality or recurrence in prostate cancer patients are limited, with few prostate cancer–specific outcomes.<h3>Objective</h3>To assess the relation of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation with overall, prostate cancer–specific, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and biochemical recurrence among men with prostate cancer.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Prospective observational study of 5366 men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1986 and 2006 in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall, prostate cancer–specific, and CVD mortality, and biochemical recurrence, defined by an increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.<h3>Results</h3>There were 1630 deaths, 524 (32%) due to prostate cancer and 416 (26%) to CVD, and 878 biochemical recurrences. Absolute crude rates for prostate cancer–specific death for never vs current smokers were 9.6 vs 15.3 per 1000 person-years; for all-cause mortality, the corresponding rates were 27.3 and 53.0 per 1000 person-years. In multivariable analysis, current vs never smokers had an increased risk of prostate cancer mortality (HR, 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-2.32), as did current smokers with clinical stage T1 through T3 (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.04-3.12). Current smokers also had increased risk of biochemical recurrence (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.16-2.22), total mortality (HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.87-2.80), and CVD mortality (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.39-3.26). After adjusting for clinical stage and grade (likely intermediates of the relation of smoking with prostate cancer recurrence and survival), current smokers had increased risk of prostate cancer mortality (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.94-2.03), as did current smokers with clinical stage T1 through T3 (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.80-2.49); they also had an increased risk of biochemical recurrence (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.06-2.04). Greater number of pack-years was associated with significantly increased risk of prostate cancer mortality but not biochemical recurrence. Current smokers of 40 or more pack-years vs never smokers had increased prostate cancer mortality (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.03-3.20) and biochemical recurrence (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.88-2.48). Compared with current smokers, those who had quit smoking for 10 or more years (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.87) or who have quit for less than 10 years but smoked less than 20 pack-years (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.28-1.45) had prostate cancer mortality risks similar to never smokers (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42-0.88).<h3>Conclusions</h3>Smoking at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with increased overall and CVD mortality and prostate cancer–specific mortality and recurrence. Men who have quit for at least 10 years have prostate cancer–specific mortality risks similar to those who have never smoked.
Recurrent Traumatic Dislocation of the Hip in a Child
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc, William N. Jones, William H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. William Harris: A 61/2-year-old boy was brought to the emergency ward of the Massachusetts General Hospital because of pain in his right hip. He had been sitting on his bed, leaning forward to tie his shoe, when he slipped off the edge of the bed. He landed on his right knee with his right thigh in a position of adduction and flexion, and was unable to rise from the floor. Examination of his hip showed that the right thigh was adducted, internally rotated, and flexed, and the femoral head could be felt in the right buttock. There was full motion and motor power throughout the right lower extremity below the hip. Sensation and circulation were intact. X-ray examination of the hip showed complete dislocation of the right hip ( Fig 1). This was not the first episode of dislocation of the right hip that this young boy had experienced.
Discovery and Characterization of Super-Enhancer-Associated Dependencies in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Bjoern Chapuy, Michael R. McKeown, Charles Y. Lin, Stefano Monti, Margaretha G.M. Roemer, Jun Qi, Peter B. Rahl, Heather H. Sun, Kelly T. Yeda, John G. Doench, Elaine Reichert, Andrew L. Kung, Scott J. Rodig, Richard A. Young, Margaret A. Shipp, James E. Bradner
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically heterogeneous and clinically aggressive disease. Here, we explore the role of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins in DLBCL, using integrative chemical genetics and functional epigenomics. We observe highly asymmetric loading of bromodomain 4 (BRD4) at enhancers, with approximately 33% of all BRD4 localizing to enhancers at 1.6% of occupied genes. These super-enhancers prove particularly sensitive to bromodomain inhibition, explaining the selective effect of BET inhibitors on oncogenic and lineage-specific transcriptional circuits. Functional study of genes marked by super-enhancers identifies DLBCLs dependent on OCA-B and suggests a strategy for discovering unrecognized cancer dependencies. Translational studies performed on a comprehensive panel of DLBCLs establish a therapeutic rationale for evaluating BET inhibitors in this disease.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin, Epoetin Beta, in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: A. Österborg, Y. Brandberg, V. Molostova, G. Iosava, K. Abdulkadyrov, M. Hedenus, D. Messinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin beta) on anemia, transfusion need, and quality of life (QOL) in severely anemic patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or multiple myeloma (MM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Transfusion-dependent patients with NHL (n = 106), CLL (n = 126), or MM (n = 117) and a low serum erythropoietin concentration were randomized to receive epoetin beta 150 IU/kg or placebo subcutaneously three times a week for 16 weeks. Primary efficacy criteria were transfusion-free and transfusion- and severe anemia–free survival (hemoglobin [Hb] &gt; 8.5 g/dL) between weeks 5 to 16. Response was defined as an increase in Hb ≥ 2 g/dL with elimination of transfusion need. QOL was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale. RESULTS: Transfusion-free (P = .0012) survival and transfusion- and severe anemia–free survival (P = .0001) were significantly greater in the epoetin beta group versus placebo (Wald χ 2 test), giving a relative risk reduction of 43% and 51%, respectively. The response rate was 67% and 27% in the epoetin beta versus the placebo group, respectively (P &lt; .0001). After 12 and 16 weeks of treatment, QOL significantly improved in the epoetin beta group compared with placebo (P &lt; .05); this improvement correlated with an increase in Hb concentration (≥ 2 g/dL). A target Hb that could be generally recommended could not be identified. CONCLUSION: Many severely anemic and transfusion-dependent patients with advanced MM, NHL, and CLL and a low performance status benefited from epoetin therapy, with elimination of severe anemia and transfusion need, and improvement in QOL.
Abstract 4661: The regulatory mechanism of fibronectin in EGFR and/or HER2 positive breast cancer
Authors: Myeongjin Jeon
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Fibronectin (FN) is a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix and plays a major role in cell adhesion, migration and oncogenic transformation. Aberrant FN expression is associated with poor prognosis in a variety of cancers including breast cancer. However, the regulatory mechanism between FN and HER2 is not fully elucidated in breast cancer. Our clinical data showed that both disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was lower in EGFR (+) and HER2 (+) breast cancer patients than in EGFR (+) breast cancer patients. To verify the causing of poor prognosis, we analyzed secreted proteins in EGFR and/or HER2 overexpressed MDA-MB231 cells. Our results showed that the level of FN expression was significantly increased in HER2 overexpressed MDA-MB231 cells. On the other hand, the induction of FN by HER2 overexpression was decreased by trastuzumab (HER2 monoclonal antibody) and AG825 (HER2 inhibitor), respectively. In addition, we observed that the expression of FN was dose-dependently increased by EGFR ligands in SKBR3 cells which are expressed endogenous EGFR and HER2. EGF ligands-induced FN expression also decreased through the suppression of HER2 in SKBR3 cell. However, these effects did not detect in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell line, JIMT-1. Taken together, we demonstrated that the induction of FN by HER2 correlates poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Myeongjin Jeon. The regulatory mechanism of fibronectin in EGFR and/or HER2 positive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4661. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4661
Quantification of circulating varicella zoster virus-DNA for the early diagnosis of visceral varicella
Authors: Yoshito Ishizaki, Junichiro Tezuka, Shouichi Ohga, Akihiko Nomura, Naohiro Suga, Ryuichi Kuromaru, Koichi Kusuhara, Yumi Mizuno, Naoki Kasuga, Toshiro Hara
Journal: Journal of Infection (2003)
280. Effect of Polysaccharides from Medicinal Herbs as Danger Signals: Implication for Regulating Immune Responses
Authors: Chih-Chien Shu, Jeng-Hwan Wang, Su-Jane Wang, Jih-Chun Wen, Wen-Chi Wei, Yi-Fu Yen, Kin-Yuen Cheng, Lie-Fen Shyur, Ning-Sun Yang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to play an important role in binding of various pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or non-PAMPs and signalizing the perception of stimuli from pathogens and that results in subsequent immune responses. Many reports have shown that plant polysaccharides can stimulate the immune system, but so far there is no clear evidence of molecular mechanism involved. We hypothesized that specific plant polysaccharides might mimic the functions of exogenous danger signals to mammalian immune cells and confer multiple effects in stimulating the immune cell systems via the TLR4-mediated NF-B signaling pathway. The main objective of our study is to find the potential immune modulators from plant extracts which act as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ligands. In a primary screening, we identified few extracts enriched with polysaccharides significantly enhanced the transgenic NF-kB driven reporter gene activity (pNiFty-SEAP) in B-16 cell line. These extracts also showed increased IL-8 secretion in a monocytic cell line, THP-1. Further studies with DxI, a polysaccharide rich fraction from Dioscorea tuber, showed involvement of TLR4 in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-8) and uric acid in primary monocytes. Treatment of THP-1 cells with polysaccharide rich fractions in combination with IL-4 resulted in up-regulation of DC-SIGN. Similarly, the treatment of human monocyte-derived immature DCs with DxI up-regulated many surface markers related to antigen-presentation. This suggested that polysaccharides may enhance the antigen-presenting activity of immune cells. These results thus reveal an apparently unrecognized strong interaction between the plant polysaccharides and the mammalian defense system.
Routine measurement of fibrinogen concentration. Clinically feasible.
Authors: T W Meade
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Data quoted by McGavock and colleagues are sometimes misleading.They quote relapse rates for peptic ulceration of 30% after bismuth chelate treatment.However, the references they quote indicated relapse rates of 61% and 47% in patients treated with bismuth chelate alone.45To obtain the quoted improved rates of relapse with, for example, bismuth chelate and tinidazole would incur additional net NHS costs of about C69 per patient for tinidazole.Such discrepancies in quoted data further weaken the conclusions of the paper.Consideration of crude prescribing figures without regard to morbidity data, secular trends, and emerging evidence of efficacy is an insecure foundation for the criticisms which the authors make of general practitioners in Northern Ireland and, by extension, the pharmaceutical industry.Neither general practitioners nor administrators should act on the conclusions drawn from such inadequate data.
Syntaxin-binding protein STXBP5 inhibits endothelial exocytosis and promotes platelet secretion
Authors: Qiuyu Zhu, Munekazu Yamakuchi, Sara Ture, Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez, Kyung Ae Ko, Kristina L. Modjeski, Michael B. LoMonaco, Andrew D. Johnson, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Yoshimi Takai, Craig N. Morrell, Charles J. Lowenstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

In humans, vWF levels predict the risk of myocardial infarction and thrombosis; however, the factors that influence vWF levels are not completely understood. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified syntaxin-binding protein 5 (STXBP5) as a candidate gene linked to changes in vWF plasma levels, though the functional relationship between STXBP5 and vWF is unknown. We hypothesized that STXBP5 inhibits endothelial cell exocytosis. We found that STXBP5 is expressed in human endothelial cells and colocalizes with and interacts with syntaxin 4. In human endothelial cells reduction of STXBP5 increased exocytosis of vWF and P-selectin. Mice lacking Stxbp5 had higher levels of vWF in the plasma, increased P-selectin translocation, and more platelet-endothelial interactions, which suggests that STXBP5 inhibits endothelial exocytosis. However, Stxbp5 KO mice also displayed hemostasis defects, including prolonged tail bleeding times and impaired mesenteric arteriole and carotid artery thrombosis. Furthermore, platelets from Stxbp5 KO mice had defects in platelet secretion and activation; thus, STXBP5 inhibits endothelial exocytosis but promotes platelet secretion. Our study reveals a vascular function for STXBP5, validates the functional relevance of a candidate gene identified by GWAS, and suggests that variation within STXBP5 is a genetic risk for venous thromboembolic disease.
Dysphagia resolved with vitamin B12therapy: a case of esophageal parakeratosis
Authors: B. Kayhan, S. Olmez, E. Ozaslan, E. Uner, N. Turhan, T. Koseoglu, T. Purnak
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 50-year-old woman presented with dysphagia since 1 week. She did not drink alcohol and there was no history of systemic disease, including dermatologic, immunologic, or genetic disease. The initial laboratory findings, complete blood count, and serum biochemistries were normal, except the serum vitamin B12 level, which was 52 pg/mL (normal range: 126 – 505 pg/mL). Upper endoscopy revealed pangastritis with whitish strips and pseudomembranes on the esophageal mucosa, which peeled off similarly to eosinophilic esophagitis or a lesion of dermatologic origin ([Fig. 1]).
Percutaneous implantation of prosthetic heart valves: From animal model to first human implantation in calcific aortic stenosis
Authors: Alain Cribier, Helene Eltchaninoff, Christophe Tron, Fabrice Bauer, Genevieve Derumeaux, Assaf Bash, Nicolas Borenstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Percutaneous Endovascular Repair of Aneurysm After Previous Coarctation Surgery
Authors: Hüseyin Ince, Michael Petzsch, Tim Rehders, Stephan Kische, Thomas Körber, Frank Weber, Christoph A. Nienaber
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Formation of aortic aneurysm late after surgical repair of coarctation carries a significant risk of rupture and lethal outcome, and repeat surgery is associated with a 14% in-hospital mortality rate and morbidity from paraplegia, injury to the central nervous system, or from bleeding. The potential of nonsurgical endovascular repair by the use of stent-grafts in lieu of repeat surgery for postcoarctation aneurysm is unknown.The concept of postsurgical endovascular stent-graft placement was evaluated with respect to feasibility and safety in 6 consecutive patients with late aneurysm formation after coarctation repair. All patients had aneurysm formation late after patch aortoplasty; placement of an elephant trunk during surgical repair of secondary type I dissection preceded formation of a local aneurysm in 2 cases. Patient age was 49+/-12 years, ranging from 31 to 68 years. Transluminal placement of customized stent-grafts was successful, with no 30-day or 1-year intervention-related mortality or morbidity. Follow-up survey of 11 to 47 months revealed optimal reconstruction of the thoracic aorta; 1 patient died 11 months after endovascular repair from cancer.Nonsurgical aortic reconstruction of postsurgical thoracic aneurysms forming late after coarctation repair is safe and feasible; interventional stent-graft placement has the potential to avoid repeat surgery of postsurgical aortic aneurysm.
Chinese court sentences former drug regulatory chief to death
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Officials in Nigeria have filed criminal and civil charges against Pfizer for its role in the deaths and disabilities of children who were treated with an experimental drug during a meningitis outbreak in Kano in 1996.The charges, filed by government prosecutors in Nigeria, follow three attempts by families of the children to sue in US courts.All three attempts were denied after Pfizer successfully argued that the US courts were not an appropriate forum.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people, according to the Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com, 2 Jun, "Pfizer faces new charges over Nigerian drug test").The plaintiffs also seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €7bn) in civil suits.The charges stem from Pfizer's test of its unlicensed drug, trovafloxacin (Trovan) to treat 100 children with meningitis.A comparator group of 100 children were treated with a low dose of ceftriaxone.Suits on appeal in US courts charge Pfizer with causing harm to the children in both arms of the trial, alleging that a number of the children either died or were left deaf, mute, or brain damaged.The families allege that the company failed to tell them that their children were being enrolled in an experimental drug trial and that free, effective treatment was available from Médecins Sans Frontières at the same hospital.Five children in the trovafloxacin arm and six in the ceftriaxone arm died, according to Pfizer.Pfizer issued a statement in response to the charges, saying "Pfizer continues to emphasise-in the strongest terms-that the 1996 Trovan clinical study was conducted with the full knowledge of the Nigerian government and in a responsible and ethical way consistent with the company's abiding commitment to patient safety."Any allegations in these lawsuits to the contrary are simply untrue." Niger�ia files cr�iminal char�ges against Pfizer�
Case 33-1988
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Ernest H. Picard, E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Presentation of CaseA 71-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of cranial-nerve palsies and a grand mal seizure.She was well from the neurologic standpoint until three months earlier, when progressive dysphagia, dyspnea, and low-back pain developed. Sixteen days before entry a physician found bilateral vocal-cord paralysis, and she entered another hospital. A barium-swallow examination revealed mild aspiration. A radiograph of the chest showed clear lungs and a normal heart; slight aortic ectasia was visible. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head and neck was reported to be negative. X-ray films of the lumbar spine were reported . . .
Inactivation of digestive proteases by deconjugated bilirubin: the possible evolutionary driving force for bilirubin or biliverdin predominance in animals
Authors: X. Qin
Journal: Gut (2007)

<h3>Objectives</h3> In order to improve its quality-assurance programme based on ISO 9001, the Central Sterile Supply Department of a public university hospital has performed a prospective risk analysis using the Preliminary Risk Analysis method (PRA). The objectives were the achievement of a global risk mapping related to the whole process of sterilising medical devices, and second, the implementation of corrective measures to reduce identified risks. <h3>Methods</h3> A multidisciplinary team, formed in January 2008, validated results at each step of the study. During the analysis, 416 hazardous situations were identified, among which 81 were quoted first in priority and led to the description of 141 risk scenarios. The PRA team assessed 42 scenarios with risk ranking assessed as ‘acceptable under control’ or ‘unacceptable.’ They adopted 23 follow-up actions measures and 13 safety parameters. <h3>Results and discussion</h3> The PRA constitutes an appropriate tool for assessing quality-improvement policy and safety in healthcare facilities that can be easily integrated into standard quality-management systems.