tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A case-control study on GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: A Tagger, F Donato, M L Ribero, R Chiesa, V Tomasoni, G Portera, U Gelatti, A Albertini, M Fasola, G Nardi
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

A new hepatitis-associated RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family has been identified and named GB virus C/ hepatitis G virus (HGV). We carried out a case-control study to evaluate the association of HGV infection with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recruited 170 patients hospitalized for HCC (143 male and 27 female, mean age 64 years) and 306 patients hospitalized for nonliver diseases (controls) in Brescia, Italy. HGV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibodies against HGV E2 protein (anti-E2) by an immunoassay test. HGV RNA was found in 8 cases (4.7%) and 4 controls (1.3%). The relative risk (RR) for HGV RNA positivity adjusted for demographic variables and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, and alcohol was 7.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-30.6; P = .009). No HGV RNA-positive subject was also positive for anti-E2. Anti-E2 prevalence did not differ significantly between cases (20%) and controls (15.3%), and no RR increase was found by this marker. Among subjects with HGV exposure (HGV RNA plus anti-E2 positive), a greater proportion of cases (40%) than controls (14%) had transfusion history. The possible role of HGV in HCC etiology seems modest because the population-attributable risk is lower (4%) than those for HBsAg (22%), HCV RNA (36%), and heavy alcohol intake (52%). This study supports the hypothesis of an association between HGV infection and HCC, although at present there are insufficient data on the causality of the association.
Spinal Bone SPECT in Chronic Symptomatic Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: PAUL J. RYAN, TERENCE GIBSON, I. FOGELMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Bone SPECT has acquired a useful role in the evaluation of acute and chronic back pain. Spinal pain is also a characteristic of chronic ankylosing spondylitis. The authors investigated the bone SPECT appearances of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine in 28 symptomatic patients with established ankylosing spondylitis, half of whom had complete ankylosis of the sacroiliac and one third complete ankylosis of the intervertebral joints. SPECT abnormalities were identified in 89%. Facetal joint uptake was found in 16 (57%) patients, of whom 7(25%) had three or more, and 2 (7%) had seven or more active sites. The only other common site of uptake was in the vertebral body, in which 15 patients (54%) showed increased uptake with three or more sites found in 3(11%) patients. The authors conclude that SPECT abnormalities in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine are frequently found in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, with the most common sites of abnormality in the facetal joints or vertebral body. Multiple sites of uptake in the facetal joints maybe striking in such patients and has not been previously described.
DNA alkylation and DNA methylation: cooperating mechanisms driving the formation of colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas?
Authors: W. M Grady, C. M Ulrich
Journal: Gut (2007)

Defining our understanding of the association between DNA alkylation and colon carcinogenesis

Colorectal cancer has been called a disease of the somatic genome based on the fact that numerous somatic mutations have been identified in colorectal cancer, and these mutations have been shown to play a functional role in driving the formation of these cancers.1,2 More recently, a wealth of studies have implicated alterations in the epigenome, particularly aberrant CpG island DNA methylation, as also being important in cancer formation.3–5 Hence colorectal cancer is a disease that directly results from the serial accumulation of genetic alterations (for example, mutations in genes such as APC , KRAS and TP53 ) and epigenetic alterations (for example, aberrant methylation of MLH1 and CDKN2A , etc.) in an evolving clone of colon epithelial cells, which in aggregate leads to the initiation and progression of neoplasms along a polyp to cancer progression sequence.6

In order to appreciate the significance of the epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer, it is helpful to understand the nature of epigenetics. Epigenetics refers to heritable modifications to DNA that regulate gene expression. These heritable modifications are essentially amendments or chemical modifications to the DNA that include methylation of cytosine in CpG dinucleotides that are located in CpG islands, which are regions of DNA that have a high content of cytosines and guanines. The epigenetic status of the gene determines whether or not the gene can be expressed. Epigenetic regulation of genes normally plays a role in controlling cell differentiation, X chromosome inactivation and imprinting but is aberrant in cancer.

With regard to the factors that induce the genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in colorectal cancers, both endogenous cellular processes and environmental exposures play a role. The environmental factors that induce the formation of cancer have been the …
Acute and chronic urticaria and angioedema
Authors: Nicholas A. Soter
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)

Urticaria and angioedema are clinical manifestations of various immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms, or they may be idiopathic. The respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts as well as the cardiovascular system may be involved in any combination. Patients with urticaria and/or angioedema can be classified based on pathophysiologic mechanisms into those with IgE-dependent or complement-mediated immunologic disorders, those with nonimmunologic disorders in which there is a direct effect on the mast cell or on arachidonic acid metabolism, and those whose condition is idiopathic. Evaluation of patients should focus on a thorough history. Laboratory tests provide minimal additional information. About one half of patients with urticaria alone and 25% with urticaria and angioedema or angioedema alone are free of lesions within 1 year. With urticaria, angioedema, or both, 20% of patients experience episodes for more than 20 years. Urticaria and angioedema are clinical manifestations of various immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms, or they may be idiopathic. The respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts as well as the cardiovascular system may be involved in any combination. Patients with urticaria and/or angioedema can be classified based on pathophysiologic mechanisms into those with IgE-dependent or complement-mediated immunologic disorders, those with nonimmunologic disorders in which there is a direct effect on the mast cell or on arachidonic acid metabolism, and those whose condition is idiopathic. Evaluation of patients should focus on a thorough history. Laboratory tests provide minimal additional information. About one half of patients with urticaria alone and 25% with urticaria and angioedema or angioedema alone are free of lesions within 1 year. With urticaria, angioedema, or both, 20% of patients experience episodes for more than 20 years.
Manipulating the pH response of 2,3-diaminopropionic acid rich peptides to mediate highly effective gene silencing with low-toxicity
Authors: Vincenzo Abbate, Wanling Liang, Jayneil Patel, Yun Lan, Luigi Capriotti, Valentina Iacobucci, Tam T. Bui, Poulami Chaudhuri, Laila Kudsiova, Louic S. Vermeer, Patrick F.L. Chan, Xiaole Kong, Alex F. Drake, Jenny K.W. Lam, Sukhvinder S. Bansal, A. James Mason
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)

Cationic amphipathic pH responsive peptides possess high in vitro and in vivo nucleic acid delivery capabilities and function by forming a non-covalent complex with cargo, protecting it from nucleases, facilitating uptake via endocytosis and responding to endosomal acidification by being released from the complex and inserting into and disordering endosomal membranes. We have designed and synthesised peptides to show how Coulombic interactions between ionizable 2,3-diaminopropionic acid (Dap) side chains can be manipulated to tune the functional pH response of the peptides to afford optimal nucleic acid transfer and have modified the hydrogen bonding capabilities of the Dap side chains in order to reduce cytotoxicity. When compared with benchmark delivery compounds, the peptides are shown to have low toxicity and are highly effective at mediating gene silencing in adherent MCF-7 and A549 cell lines, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and both differentiated macrophage-like and suspension monocyte-like THP-1 cells.
An Improved Device for Rapid Hypodermoclysis.
Authors: EDWIN M. HASBROUCK
Journal: JAMA (1900)

InThe Journalfor March 3, page 520, Dr. Evan O'Neill Kane illustrates and describes a simple home-made device for rapid multiple infusion—consisting of a rubber bulb, glass medicine-dropper, rubber tubing and needles. The affair is a most useful one, but for other than absolute emergencies is too unstable in composition, both from the fact that after repeated sterilizations the rubber bulb is bound to deteriorate and eventually become useless—possibly just when most wanted—and that leakage is bound to occur at the points where the tubing is drawn through the bulb, possibly permitting the entrance of air at some stage of the operation. Acting on the suggestion contained in Dr. Kane's apparatus, I have had made for me a simple little device that, like the eye-dropper, can be carried about in the pocket, or form part of every surgeon's outfit. It can be sterilized at a moment's notice together with
Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of the MT3 and DR4 molecules from the different D-typed cells.
Authors: M Suzuki, T Yabe, M Satake, T Juji, H Hamaguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

This report demonstrates directly, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and alloantisera, the following: (a) The DR4 light chains show a structural polymorphism among the Dw4, DKT2, and DYT cells. (b) Most of the class II light chains consist of the DR light chain. (c) The MT3 molecule is distinct from the DR4 molecule in the Dw4, DKT2, and DYT cells. (d) The MT3 molecule does not show any structural heterogeneity among the Dw4, DKT2, and DYT cells. These results suggest that the dissection of the D specificity among Dw4, DKT2, and DYT is mainly caused by the differences of the DR4 molecules.
Postoperative Wound Infections Due to<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: Chester W. Howe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IT is probable that all surgical wounds are inoculated with bacteria at operation.1 2 3 Whether or not sepsis develops depends on the summation of forces exerted by many factors. Among these are the invasive capacity of the organism, the resistance of the host, the size of the inoculum, the degree of excellence in surgical or antiseptic technic, the presence of physiologic derangements, the type of tissue involved and climatic or seasonal variations in bacterial flora.Recently, a new factor, epidemiologic in nature, that appears to be related to the use of antibiotics has been introduced—namely, the dissemination of drug-resistant bacteria. It . . .
Diastolic Properties of the Left Ventricle
Authors: WILLIAM GROSSMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Left ventricular pressure and volume during diastole reflect the interaction of ventricular elastic, viscous, and inertial properties, and the completeness of myocardial relaxation. Myocardial relaxation may be impaired in the acutely ischemic ventricle, partly accounting for the abnormal diastolic pressure-volume relation in this condition. Altered elasticity of its wall can cause increased stiffness of the ventricular chamber, as in aortic stenosis, coronary heart disease, and infiltrative cardiomyopathies. In aortic stenosis, increased left ventricular stiffness results in an increase in pressure increment associated with left atrial contraction. Generation of such a high filling pressure is critical in maintaining adequate end diastolic sarcomere stretch in the left ventricle and probably accounts for the frequent deterioration of patients with aortic stenosis after development of atrial fibrillation or nodal rhythm. Many signs and symptoms of cardiac failure, previously attributed to impaired systolic performance, may be due partly to altered diastolic properties of the ventricular chambers.
Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: Comfort of cycling needs to be akin to that of using cars
Authors: Michael J McGrath
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars Vested interests doom puny healthcare interventionsEditor-Ogilvy et al's systematic review on promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars treats motoring as if it were a disease that can be cured, without examining the social forces that lead to car use. 1 The effects they find in their review are hardly surprising, given the social currents opposing them: car advertising, predict and provide road planning, the giant car "park," and other horrors of surburbia.Big business and big government alike have a vested interest in its continued growth.Those who have bought into this motor dependent lifestyle can be trusted to extend the infliction of motor tyranny on everyone else: motorists object to being taxed, although they are major polluters, or confined by speed limits, although they killed 3508 people in Britain last year.I try to undermine this metal carapaced horde.Any driver suffering from a condition in which lack of exercise is a factor: hypertension, obesity, stress, depression-much of the general practice caseload in fact-is told to sell their car and get a bike instead.I do have my successesfor example, a man in his 50s who came back to his follow up appointment, saying he wished he lived further from work so he had more time on his bike every day.But when I look at the vested interests lined up against me-not least George W Bush's latest oil grab-I wonder why I bother.Urban doctors who continue to drive are particularly depressing.Since when do you need a car to carry a briefcase?
Comparative proteomic analysis of rat hepatic stellate cell activation: A comprehensive view and suppressed immune response
Authors: Juling Ji, Feng Yu, Qiuhong Ji, Zhiyao Li, Kuidong Wang, Jinsheng Zhang, Jinbiao Lu, Li Chen, Qun E, Yaoying Zeng, Yuhua Ji
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Elucidation of the molecular events underlying hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is an essential step toward understanding the biological properties of HSC and clarifying the potential roles of HSCs in liver fibrosis and other liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma. High-throughput comparative proteomic analysis based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling combined with online two-dimensional nanoscale liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (2D nano-LC-MS/MS) were performed on an in vitro HSC activation model to obtain a comprehensive view of the protein ensembles associated with HSC activation. In total, 2,417 proteins were confidently identified (false discovery rate &lt;1%), of which 2,322 proteins were quantified. Compared with quiescent HSCs, 519 proteins showed significant differences in activated HSCs (≥3.0-fold). Bioinformatics analyses using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the 319 up-regulated proteins represented multiple cellular functions closely associated with HSC activation, such as extracellular matrix synthesis and proliferation. In addition to the well-known markers for HSC activation, such as α-smooth muscle actin and collagen types 1 and 3, some novel proteins potentially associated with HSC activation were identified, while the 200 down-regulated proteins were primarily related to immune response and lipid metabolism. Most intriguingly, the top biological function, top network, and top canonical pathway of down-regulated proteins were all involved in immune responses. The expression and/or biological function of a set of proteins were properly validated, especially Bcl2-associated athanogene 2, BAG3, and B7H3. Conclusion: The present study provided the most comprehensive proteome profile of rat HSCs and some novel insights into HSC activation, especially the suppressed immune response. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:332–349)
Treatment of Recurrent Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: George H. Zenger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent answer to the question of treatment of recurrent follicular thyroid carcinoma (1981;246:2376), Constance Pittman, MD, recommended an ablating dose of 120 to 150 mCi of sodium iodide I 131. Current literature indicates that a common cause of failure to respond to radioactive iodine is a treatment dose of less than 150 mCi. Dr Pittman recommends that replacement therapy of levothyroxine be withdrawn for at least one month and that the patient receive intramuscularly administered thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH), five units/day for three days. Hushman and Edwards<sup>1</sup>have written: It has been demonstrated that endogenous TSH developed by leaving the postthyroidectomy patient off thyroid hormone for a minimum period of six weeks is better than the administration of endogenous TSH to a patient taking thyroid hormone. Off thyroid hormone, the serum TSH level rises without a plateau through 20 days to followup. The levels of endogenous
Variation between centres in access to renal transplantation in UK: longitudinal cohort study
Authors: R. Ravanan, U. Udayaraj, D. Ansell, D. Collett, R. Johnson, J. O'Neill, C. R. V. Tomson, C. R. K. Dudley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To assess whether equity exists in access to renal transplantation in the UK after adjustment for case mix in incident patients with end stage renal disease. <b>Design</b> Longitudinal cohort study. <b>Setting</b> UK Renal Registry and UK Transplant Registry. <b>Participants</b> All incident renal replacement treatment patients (n=16 202) from 65 renal centres submitting data to the UK Renal Registry between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2005, followed until 31 December 2008 (or until transplantation or death, whichever was earliest). <b>Outcome measures</b> Proportion of incident dialysis patients at each renal centre who were registered on the national transplant list; time taken to achieve registration; and proportion of patients subsequently transplanted. <b>Results</b> We found that recipients' age, ethnicity, and primary renal diagnosis were associated with the likelihood of accessing the waiting list or receiving a transplant. After adjustment for case mix, significant inter-centre variability existed in access to the transplant list (change in −2LogL=89.9, df=1, P&lt;0.001), in the time taken to register patients on the waiting list (change in −2LogL=247.4, df=64, P&lt;0.001), in receipt of a renal transplant from a donor after brain stem death (change in −2LogL=15.1, df=1, P=0.001), and in receipt of a renal transplant from a living donor or a donor after cardiac death (change in −2LogL=46.1, df=1, P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions</b> Significant variation in access to renal transplantation exists between centres within the UK that cannot be explained by differences in case mix.
The Alzheimer Action Plan: The Experts' Guide to the Best Diagnosis and Treatment for Memory Problems
Authors: D. P. Devanand
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE REGULATION OF PROSTITUTION.
Authors: HOWARD A. KELLY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Every American traveling in the United States and everyone who goes abroad has often cause to blush when he finds useless and long worn out methods of various kinds introduced and seriously tested, to the great inconvenience of the body politic. One of these systems, whose ominous mutterings I hear first in one part of the country and then in another, as it threatens to saddle its incubus on our long suffering people, is the regulation of prostitution by some sort of governmental sanction and control. Now,<i>"réglementation"</i>or regulation has been so thoroughly tested in Europe, and with such conspicuous failure, that the Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis, of which the noted syphilographer, Dr. Prince A. Morrow, is now president, in taking up the question of dealing with the social evil and its attendant diseases, does not even propose to discuss at its meetings any papers advocating regulation.
The prevalence of lead-based paint hazards in U.S. housing.
Authors: David E Jacobs, Robert P Clickner, Joey Y Zhou, Susan M Viet, David A Marker, John W Rogers, Darryl C Zeldin, Pamela Broene, Warren Friedman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In this study we estimated the number of housing units in the United States with lead-based paint and lead-based paint hazards. We included measurements of lead in intact and deteriorated paint, interior dust, and bare soil. A nationally representative, random sample of 831 housing units was evaluated in a survey between 1998 and 2000; the units and their occupants did not differ significantly from nationwide characteristics. Results indicate that 38 million housing units had lead-based paint, down from the 1990 estimate of 64 million. Twenty-four million had significant lead-based paint hazards. Of those with hazards, 1.2 million units housed low-income families (&lt; 30,000 US dollars/year) with children under 6 years of age. Although 17% of government-supported, low-income housing had hazards, 35% of all low-income housing had hazards. For households with incomes greater than or equal to 30,000 US dollars/year, 19% had hazards. Fourteen percent of all houses had significantly deteriorated lead-based paint, and 16% and 7%, respectively, had dust lead and soil lead levels above current standards of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The prevalence of lead-based paint and hazards increases with age of housing, but most painted surfaces, even in older housing, do not have lead-based paint. Between 2% and 25% of painted building components were coated with lead-based paint. Housing in the Northeast and Midwest had about twice the prevalence of hazards compared with housing in the South and West. The greatest risk occurs in older units with lead-based paint hazards that either will be or are currently occupied by families with children under 6 years of age and are low-income and/or are undergoing renovation or maintenance that disturbs lead-based paint. This study also confirms projections made in 2000 by the President's Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children of the number of houses with lead-based paint hazards. Public- and private-sector resources should be directed to units posing the greatest risk if future lead poisoning is to be prevented.