tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implications of natural sampling in base-rate tasks
Authors: Gernot D. Kleiter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract The hypothesis that structural properties and not frequencies per se improve base-rate sensitivity is supported from the perspective of natural sampling. Natural sampling uses a special frequency format that makes base-rates redundant. Unfortunately, however, it does not allow us to empirically investigate human understanding of essential properties of uncertainty – most importantly, the understanding of conditional probabilities in Bayes' Theorem.
William (“Bill”) Wynne Willson
Authors: Susie Wynne Willson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

William Wynne Willson (“Bill”) was brought up in Norfolk, educated at Gresham's School, Trinity College, Oxford, and St Mary's Hospital, Paddington. He had a lifelong love of sport (was an Oxford hockey blue), skiing, and walking in the mountains. He joined the Royal Army Medical Corps in …
Studies on the secretion of newly synthesized proinsulin and insulin from isolated rat islets of langerhans
Authors: Hiroyuki Sando, Jo Borg, Donald F. Steiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Islets of Langerhans isolated from rat pancreas were incubated at 37°C(95% O2/5% CO2) in buffered medium containing 1.0 mg/ml glucose and leucine 3H for 1 hr (1st hr), washed, and incubated for an additional hr (2nd hr) in low glucose medium (0.5-1.0 mg/ml) containing unlabeled leucine. A portion of the islets was then extracted with acid-ethanol and the remainder were transferred to medium containing 3.0 mg/ml glucose and incubated for 2 hr (3rd and 4th hr) at 37°C. The medium was exchanged at 30-min intervals and portions of the islets were extracted at the 3rd and 4th hr. The total amounts and specific activities of the proinsulin and insulin in the islet extracts and medium samples were determined after fractionation on Biogel P-30 columns in 3 M acetic acid.
A 64-Year-Old Man With Adult-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Arthur H. Rubenstein
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Dr Delbanco:</h3> Mr D is a 64-year-old married man who is now a media announcer after a career as a salesman. He has long-standing diabetes mellitus, first diagnosed when he was 38 years old. He has private health insurance through a managed care plan and receives ongoing care from Dr S, a general internist in a suburban community near Boston. A man who has enjoyed competitive tennis all his life, Mr D is 6 ft (180 cm) tall and has maintained a steady weight of about 178 lb (80 kg). There is a distant smoking history of about 20 pack-years; he has not smoked since 1970. He has 1 or 2 alcoholic beverages daily; there is no history of alcohol or drug abuse. He has no family history of diabetes mellitus. He continues to play tennis at least 3 times a week for 2 to 3 hours and enjoys horseback
The low molecular mass GTP-binding protein Rho is affected by toxin A from Clostridium difficile.
Authors: I Just, J Selzer, C von Eichel-Streiber, K Aktories
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Enterotoxin A is one of the major virulence factors of Clostridium difficile, and the causative agent of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. In cell culture (NIH-3T3, rat basophilic leukemia cells) toxin A inhibits Clostridium botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 (C3)-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of the low molecular mass GTP-binding Rho proteins. Rho participates in the regulation of the microfilament cytoskeleton. Decrease in ADP-ribosylation of Rho occurs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and precedes the toxin A-induced destruction of the actin cytoskeleton. Action of toxin A is not due to proteolytical degradation of Rho or to an inherent ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of toxin A. Toxin A-induced decrease in ADP-ribosylation is observed also in cell lysates and with recombinant RhoA protein. A heat stable low molecular mass cytosolic factor is essential for the toxin effect on Rho. Thus, the enterotoxin (toxin A) resembles the effects of the C. difficile cytotoxin (toxin B) on Rho proteins (Just, I., G. Fritz, K. Aktories, M. Giry, M. R. Popoff, P. Boquet, S. Hegenbath, and C. Von Eichel-Streiber. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:10706-10712). The data indicate that despite different in vivo effects, toxin A and toxin B act on the same cellular target protein Rho to elicit their toxic effects.
Enough About AIDS: Another Letter About AIDS
Authors: Robert H. Kubin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Despite the seriousness of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic and the pertinence of up-to-date knowledge about research into AIDS for practicing physicians, I write to ask that<i>JAMA</i>restrict the publication of articles about AIDS. Almost every issue of<i>JAMA</i>has an article or a letter reporting research findings about AIDS. As practicing physicians we are inundated with information about AIDS in<i>JAMA</i>and many other publications. I suspect that the large number of articles published in<i>JAMA</i>about AIDS is due more to the needs of researchers in the field to have their findings published than to the needs of practicing physicians who are the audience for<i>JAMA</i>articles. There are expected to be only 72 000 patients with AIDS by 1990, many of whom by that time will have died. This number represents a great deal of human suffering and an important clinical epidemic
Effect of dicarboxylic acids on normal human melanocytes in dispersed tissue culture*
Authors: A.S. BREATHNACH, B. MARTIN, M.NAZZARO PORRO, S. PASSI, P. MANN, J. COOPER, G. MORPURGO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Since dicarboxylic acids are competitive inhibitors of tyrosmase, and effective in treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders, such as chloasma and lentigo maligna, probably due to a cytotoxic effect on abnormal melanocytes, it is of interest to examine their effect on normal melanocytes in tissue culture. Azelaic or dodecandioic acids were added (150–200 μg ml) to dispersed cultures of epidermal cells, and melanocytes were examined by electron microscopy after 7, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days. Apart from a umulation of melanogenesis, the presence of dicarboxylic acids in the culture medium caused no detectable damage to melanocytes, nor did they prevent growth of a second generation of cells.
Doubts about a unified cognitive theory of taxonomic knowledge and its memic status
Authors: Roy Ellen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The evidence for a panhuman, cognitively rooted, essence-based concept of basic natural kind and for certain prototypical phenomenal forms is increasingly compelling, but there remain doubts as to whether these two elements combine with a principle of taxonomy to form a unified, domain-specific theory in the way Atran claims. The appropriateness of the notion of meme can also be questioned, as can the assertion that humans are always grouped in ethnobiological classifications in unambiguous contrast to other animals.
Psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents.
Authors: R Mayou, B Bryant, R Duthie
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To determine the psychiatric consequences of being a road traffic accident victim.Follow up study of road accident victims for up to one year.Emergency department of the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.188 consecutive road accident victims aged 18-70 with multiple injuries (motorcycle or car) or whiplash neck injury, who had not been unconscious for more than 15 minutes, and who lived in the catchment area.Present state examination "caseness"; post-traumatic stress disorder and travel anxiety; effects on driving and on being a passenger.Acute, moderately severe emotional distress was common. Almost one fifth of subjects, however, suffered from an acute stress syndrome characterised by mood disturbance and horrific memories of the accident. Anxiety and depression usually improved over the 12 months, though one tenth of patients had mood disorders at one year. In addition, specific post-traumatic symptoms were common. Post-traumatic stress disorder occurred during follow up in one tenth of patients, and phobic travel anxiety as a driver or passenger was more common and frequently disabling. Emotional disorder was associated with having pre-accident psychological or social problems and, in patients with multiple injuries, continuing medical complications. Post-traumatic syndromes were not associated with a neurotic predisposition but were strongly associated with horrific memories of the accident. They did not occur in subjects who had been briefly unconscious and were amnesic for the accident. Mental state at three months was highly predictive of mental state at one year.Psychiatric symptoms and disorder are frequent after major and less severe road accident injury. Post-traumatic symptoms are common and disabling. Early information and advice might reduce psychological distress and travel anxiety and contribute to road safety and assessing "nervous shock."
A STRAIN OF BACILLUS ABORTUS FROM SWINE
Authors: Theobald Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

The outbreak of infectious abortion in swine, probably the first reported from the eastern United States, was associated with a strain of Bacillus abortus growing rapidly on ordinary nutrient agar slopes without seal and presenting certain slight pathological deviations from the bovine form of disease in guinea pigs such as the occurrence of necrotic, suppurating foci in spleen and lymph nodes. Agglutination tests, comprising both cross-agglutination and absorption procedures failed to distinguish the strain from the bovine type. The gross appearance of the fetuses from this outbreak was normal. The shreds of placentas obtainable indicated slight erosion of the chorionic epithelium and some exudation. The specific bacilli were quite widely disseminated in the tissues of the fetuses. The pathogenic action of this swine strain on guinea pigs was evidently much feebler than that of most earlier swine strains as reported and it approached more closely that of bovine strains. The culture fed to a pregnant sow failed to produce abortion, possibly because of the advanced stage of pregnancy. The organism was not recovered from the uterus but was found in the sow's milk.
1310 PERIPHERAL INSULIN RESISTANCE RATHER THAN HEPATIC IS A PRIMARY DEFECT IN NON OBESE, NON DIABETIC, NON DYSLIPIDEMIC NAFLD PATIENTS: CORRELATION WITH LIVER DAMAGE
Authors: L. Mezzabotta, E. Bugianesi, F. Salamone, C. Rosso, M. Gaggini, E. Buzzigoli, F. Saba, S. Carenzi, G.P. Caviglia, R. Gambino, M. Cassader, A. Gastaldelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
PROCALCITONIN AS PREDICTOR OF SHORT TERM MORTALITY IN PATIENT WITH ACUTE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Sun Hee Park, Dong Heon Yang, Jang Hoon Lee, Myung Hwan Bae, Se Yong Jang, Jae Hee Kim, Hun Sik Park, Yongkeun Cho, Shung Chull Chae
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Reduced ABCA1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux and Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Lacking Macrophage-Derived ACAT1
Authors: Yan Ru Su, Dwayne E. Dove, Amy S. Major, Alyssa H. Hasty, Branden Boone, MacRae F. Linton, Sergio Fazio
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Macrophage acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) have been implicated in regulating cellular cholesterol homeostasis and therefore play critical roles in foam cell formation. Deletion of either ACAT1 or apoE results in increased atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice, possibly as a consequence of altered cholesterol processing. We have studied the effect of macrophage ACAT1 deletion on atherogenesis in apoE-deficient (apoE −/− ) mice with or without the restoration of macrophage apoE. Methods and Results— We used bone marrow transplantation to generate apoE −/− mice with macrophages of 4 genotypes: apoE +/+ /ACAT1 +/+ (wild type), apoE +/+ /ACAT1 −/− (ACAT −/− ), apoE −/− /ACAT1 +/+ (apoE −/− ), and apoE −/− /ACAT1 −/− (2KO). When macrophage apoE was present, plasma cholesterol levels normalized, and ACAT1 deficiency did not have significant effects on atherogenesis. However, when macrophage apoE was absent, ACAT1 deficiency increased atherosclerosis and apoptosis in the proximal aorta. Cholesterol efflux to apoA-I was significantly reduced (30% to 40%; P &lt;0.001) in ACAT1 −/− peritoneal macrophages compared with ACAT1 +/+ controls regardless of apoE expression. 2KO macrophages had a 3- to 4-fold increase in ABCA1 message levels but decreased ABCA1 protein levels relative to ACAT1 +/+ macrophages. Microarray analyses of ACAT1 −/− macrophages showed increases in proinflammatory and procollagen genes and decreases in genes regulating membrane integrity, protein biosynthesis, and apoptosis. Conclusions— Deficiency of macrophage ACAT1 accelerates atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic apoE −/− mice but has no effect when the hypercholesterolemia is corrected by macrophage apoE expression. However, ACAT1 deletion impairs ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages regardless of apoE expression. Changes in membrane stability, susceptibility to apoptosis, and inflammatory response may also be important in this process.
Disposition of total and unbound prednisolone in renal transplant patients receiving anticonvulsants
Authors: John G. Gambertoglio, Nicholas H.G. Holford, Joan E. Kapusnik, Reid Nishikawa, Manuel Saltiel, Patricia Stanik-Lizak, Jytte L. Birnbaum, Toni Hau, William J.C. Amend
Journal: Kidney International (1984)
A Method of Analysis of SPECT Blood Flow Image Data for Comparison with Computed Tomography
Authors: J M MOUNTZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A consistent method for the qualitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Imaging has not yet been realized. Regional analysis usually refers an area of abnormal tracer uptake to another region of brain (e.g., the contralateral hemisphere), but region of interest size and analysis differ between Investigators. In patients who have had a stroke, the flow deficit size on the SPECT Image often appears much larger than the abnormality visualized on computed tomography (CT), and confounds attempts to differentiate between "purely" Infarcted brain tissue, ischemic brain tissue, edema, or brain tissue having diminution of flow resulting from deafferentation. The author presents a method to determine a flow deficit volume that can be easlly calculated from the SPECT Image, which yields a volume size that is equivalent to a hypothetical volume having zero blood flow. The method of calculation is objective, independent of region of interest size, and provides a SPECT volume deficit that may be correlated with the CT volume deficit, thus helping to differentiate "purely" infarcted tissue from tissue having Infarction, edema, Ischemia, and deafferentation.
Metabolic acidosis induced by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and salicylates in patients with normal renal function.
Authors: R A Cowan, G G Hartnell, C P Lowdell, I M Baird, A M Leak
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Two young patients with unimpaired renal and hepatic function were found to have developed metabolic acidosis after treatment for glaucoma and joint pain with a combination of salicylates and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in normal doses. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors appear to interact with salicylates to produce serious metabolic acidosis in patients without the predisposing factors generally considered to constitute risks. It is recommended that treatment combining salicylates and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is either kept to a minimum or avoided.
F-18 FDG-PET/CT Evaluation of Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With Negative I-131 Total Body Scan and High Thyroglobulin Level
Authors: Francesco Bertagna, Giovanni Bosio, Giorgio Biasiotto, Carlo Rodella, Erinda Puta, Sara Gabanelli, Silvia Lucchini, Giuseppe Merli, Giordano Savelli, Raffaele Giubbini, Joshua Rosenbaum, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

The aim was to evaluate the incremental diagnostic rate of F-18 fluoro-fluorodeoxygulose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG-PET/CT) in patients with negative I-131 whole body scans and high Tg levels. The secondary end points were correlations between F-18 FDG-PET/CT positive results and Tg levels and comparison between F-18 FDG-PET/CT accuracy in patients "on-therapy" with suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and those with high TSH levels.We studied 52 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy and remnant ablation; they had high Tg levels (average = 156 ng/mL; SD +/- 274) after 3 weeks of levothyroxine withdrawal and negative I-131 total body scans after therapeutic doses.We noted a statistically significant positive correlation between F-18 FDG-PET/CT positive results and Tg levels, irrespective of levothyroxine therapy regimen. Tg levels between F-18 FDG-PET/CT positive/negative groups were significantly different and we did not note any statistically significant correlation between F-18 FDG-PET/CT results and TSH levels, tumor size, and combination of Tg/TSH levels.Our results indicate that F-18 FDG-PET/CT is a useful diagnostic tool in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and with negative I-131 total body scans and high Tg levels. The levothyroxine therapy regimen does not influence F-18 FDG-PET/CT results and the rate of F-18 FDG-PET/CT positive results appears to correlate with the Tg levels. The highest accuracy is reached when the study is performed for patients with Tg levels higher than 21 ng/mL.
Autogenic Training and Psychosomatic Disorders
Authors: T. Spoerri
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1969)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 Autogenic Training and Psychosomatic Disorders Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology T. Spoerri T. Spoerri Psychiatric Policlinic of the University of Berne, Berne Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1969) 17 (5-6): 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286050 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. Spoerri; Autogenic Training and Psychosomatic Disorders. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1969; 17 (5-6): 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286050 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1969Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Comparison of Sustained Antithrombotic Effects of Inhibitors of Thrombin and Factor Xa in Experimental Thrombosis
Authors: Bart J. Biemond, Philip W. Friederich, Marcel Levi, George P. Vlasuk, Harry R. Büller, Jan W. ten Cate
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background In the pathogenesis of (recurrent) thrombosis, clot-associated thrombin appears to play an important role. Antithrombin III–independent thrombin inhibitors have been shown to neutralize clot-bound thrombin effectively. We compared the sustained antithrombotic effects and the effects on endogenous fibrinolysis of several of these agents with recombinant tick anticoagulant peptide (rTAP), a selective factor Xa inhibitor, and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in an experimental venous thrombosis model. Methods and Results Rabbits received either recombinant hirudin (rHir), Hirulog-1, CVS#995 (a novel direct inhibitor of thrombin), rTAP, LMWH, or saline. The effect on thrombus growth was assessed by measuring the accretion of 125 I-labeled fibrinogen onto preformed nonradioactive thrombi, and the effect on endogenous fibrinolysis was assessed by measuring the decline in radioactivity of preformed 125 I-labeled thrombi in rabbit jugular veins. All direct thrombin inhibitors induced a sustained antithrombotic effect compared with either LMWH and rTAP. In addition, CVS#995 also further decreased thrombus size after stopping its infusion, which was due to a significant enhancement of endogenous fibrinolysis. Conclusions Direct thrombin inhibition by rHir, Hirulog-1, or CVS#995 induces a sustained antithrombotic effect compared with rTAP and LMWH, which is most likely due to inhibition of clot-bound thrombin. CVS#995 was shown to also enhance the extent of endogenous fibrinolysis to a greater degree compared with rHir and might therefore be an interesting new antithrombotic agent for the treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis.
Human immunodeficiency virus atropy induces modification of subcutaneous adipose tissue architecture:<i>in vivo</i>visualization by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: G. Josse, D. Gensanne, C. Aquilina, J. Bernard, C. Saint-Martory, J.M. Lagarde, A.M. Schmitt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection generally induces lipodystrophy. For targeted treatment a better understanding of its development is necessary. The utility of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is explored.The present study presents a way to visualize the adipose tissue architecture in vivo and to inspect modifications associated with the atrophy.High-resolution MRI scans with surface coils were performed on the calf and at the lumbar region of three groups of patients: HIV patients with lipoatrophy, HIV patients without lipoatrophy and healthy volunteers. All patients underwent a clinical examination. In addition, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements were taken. On the MRI scans adipose tissue thickness and adipose nodule size were measured. Results High-resolution MRI enabled identification of a clear disorganization of adipose tissue in patients with lipoatrophy. In addition, these patients presented a very small adipose tissue thickness on the calf and a very small nodule size.led to the hypothesis that adipose tissue disorganization appears before changes in DEXA measurements or clinically visible modifications.High-resolution MRI enabled visualization in vivo of precise changes in tissue organization due to HIV lipoatrophy. This imaging technique should be very informative for better monitoring of the atrophy.