tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Type 2 diabetes triples risk of early menopause, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Women under 45 with type 2 diabetes have three times the risk of early menopause as women without diabetes, a large Latin American study has found.1

The cross sectional study included 6079 women aged 40-59 years from 11 countries in Latin America. The researchers asked Hispanic women with normal health (able to carry out everyday activities) who were accompanying people consulting at large medical centres to complete the Menopause Rating …
Outpatient Treatment of A Third Degree Burn
Authors: Robert J. Hasl
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The patient, a 7-month-old Montagnard girl, was brought to the emergency room of an army clearing station at Pleiku, Vietnam, on Aug 23, 1967. Eight days previously the patient had crawled onto the family fire and sustained a serious burn of the lower extremities. The local priest-doctor suggested that nothing be done since the child was going to die, whereupon the mother wrapped the child in burlap cloth, watched her, and continued to breast feed her. On the eighth postburn day a MEDCAP team of the 704th Maintenance Battalion, Pleiku, Vietnam, encountered the child on a routine mission and prevailed upon the mother to bring the baby in for treatment. Examination revealed a healthy appearing 15-lb, afebrile, well hydrated female child with thick black eschar over the anterior aspects of both lower extremities, on the left from the midthigh to the foot, and on the right from
How Free Care Reduced Hypertension in the Health Insurance Experiment
Authors: Emmett B. Keeler
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In a controlled trial of the effects of medical insurance on spending and health status, we previously reported lower average (0.8 mm Hg) diastolic blood pressures with free care than with cost-sharing plans. We show herein that for clinically defined hypertensives, blood pressures with free care were significantly lower (1.9 mm Hg) than with cost-sharing plans, with a larger difference for low-income hypertensives than for high-income hypertensives (3.5 vs 1.1 mm Hg), but similar differences for blacks and whites. The cause of the difference was the additional contact with physicians under free care; this led to better detection and treatment of hypertensives not under care at the start of the study. Free care also led to higher compliance by hypertensives with diet and smoking recommendations and higher use of medication by those who needed it.
'Technology Follies': Curtain Call-Reply
Authors: David A. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —I reported in my Commentary 1 the absence of any randomized controlled trials showing this operation [LAVH] is preferable to standard vaginal  Indeed, the only published randomized controlled trial 2 found that the new operation increased postoperative pain, lengthened the operating time by an hour, and added over $3000 to the costs of the operation compared with standard vaginal hysterectomy. I am unaware of any published randomized controlled trials comparing LAVH with standard abdominal hysterectomy. Until these are done, claims of great benefit to the patient from the new operation seem premature.  Having performed laparoscopy for 20 years, I agree with Dr Dorsey that laparoscopy has made important contributions to gynecology. However, I urge that new uses for laparoscopy, like other technologies, be critically evaluated to determine what its appropriate role should be. 3 Decisions about surgical treatments should be based on science, not on marketing or
Exclusion of cardiac myosin heavy chain and actin gene involvement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of several French families.
Authors: K Schwartz, J Beckmann, C Dufour, L Faure, F Fougerousse, L Carrier, C Hengstenberg, D Cohen, H P Vosberg, A Sacrez
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is characterized by idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy, which often and predominantly involves the interventricular septum. The disease is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, and its major risk is sudden death. It was recently demonstrated that this disease is genetically heterogeneous and that in 13 of 18 unrelated families the morbid locus, termed FHC-1, maps to chromosome 14q11-12 in and/or very near the cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain gene. We have performed linkage analysis with five chromosomal markers detecting polymorphisms in either the cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain gene or the cardiac actin gene (located on chromosome 15q) on eight families from different regions of France. We show that 1) it is possible to analyze medium-sized families by using highly informative microsatellite markers located in these genes and 2) the disease is not linked to the two contractile protein genes in any of these families. Moreover, 10-20% of chromosome 14 and 20-40% of chromosome 15 in the vicinity of the respective markers were excluded as possible locations for the morbid locus. These results provide new insights into the identification of the genes responsible for FHC.
"COARCTATION OF THE AORTA"
Authors: Nathan Flaxman
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  In the case report by Dr. Wilmot F. Pierce on coarctation of the aorta inThe Journal, September 15,  is the statement on page 831 at the top,  heart rhythm was absolutely irregular. It was my impression that such a statement has become obsolete except when modified by something more definite, as suggesting sinus arrhythmia, auricular fibrillation or  More than 80 per cent of irregular heart rhythms may be diagnosed definitely without the use of the electrocardiogram. The second sentence following the one quoted gives the electrocardiogram reading, which states that there was left axis deviation, simple tachycardia, and left ventricle and right ventricle extrasystoles. This seems to indicate that one must have an electrocardiogram to know whether an irregular cardiac rhythm is or is not due to ventricular  Too often this appears to be the case, that is, let the electrocardiogram make
THE INFLUENCE OF THYROIDECTOMY ON ALIMENTARY GLYCOSURIA
Authors: John McCurdy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

1. Removal of the thyroid glands causes a rise in the assimilation limit for dextrose. 2. If the parathyroids are left, this result is permanent. 3. The thyroids probably inhibit normally the direct combustion of the sugar in the muscles.
Deep Venous Thrombosis and Thalidomide Therapy for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: K Osman, R Comenzo, S V Rajkumar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: Thalidomide is effective for the treatment of refractory myeloma.1 Its role in the initial treatment of the disease is under active investigation.2,3 We report the occurrence of deep...
Does continuing medical education work?
Authors: Christopher M Buttery
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—There seems to be some inborn belief among editors and educators that continuing medical education (CME) works.1 What is the evidence? The few attempts to measure effectiveness have been less than satisfactory. Recall may be fine immediately after a lecture, but how is it three to six months later? How do we measure changes in practice? What causes those changes? How much …
Relapse of liver amyloidosis 6 years after autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Javier Munoz, Nalini Janakiraman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

44-year-old female presented 7 years ago with ascites and hepatomegaly hence a liver biopsy was performed (Left panel) which showed amyloid deposition replacing most of the hepatic parenchyma. Congo red stain was weakly positive and immunostain for amyloid-associated (AA) protein was negative. Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) showed a large IgG lambda monoclonal protein (1.8 g/dL) and urine protein electrophoresis (UPE) in 24 hr showed IgG lambda monoclonal protein (0.7 g/V) and concomitant glomerular proteinuria (10.68 g/V). A bone marrow biopsy (middle panel) showed extensive amyloid deposition with 7% monoclonal plasmacytosis also seen with congo red stain (Right panel). Bone survey did not show lytic lesions and an echocardiogram was normal. The patient was diagnosed with AL amyloidosis and underwent high-dose melphalan with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PSCT) with partial response in bone marrow biopsy. Six years afterward, liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hepatic recurrence, confirmed by liver biopsy, hence lenalidomide was started which has been well tolerated since then with stable MRI studies. Her current creatinine is normal with her latest UPE showing no monoclonal protein, only mild glomerular proteinuria (1.5 g/V) is seen, while her SPE shows a trace IgG lambda monoclonal protein (<0.1 g/dL). Amyloidosis is a protean entity characterized by extracellular deposition of the abnormal fibril protein named amyloid. The term primary (AL) amyloidosis represents amyloid-light chain deposition in plasma cell neoplasms; whereas secondary (AA) amyloidosis represents amyloid-associated protein deposition in the setting of chronic inflammatory, infectious, or other malignant conditions. Hepatic infiltration by systemic amyloidosis, manifesting with hepatomegaly, is a relatively common finding in this heterogeneous condition [1]. The treatment for AL amyloidosis is chemotherapy and PSCT [3]; whereas, the treatment for AA amyloidosis is aimed toward the associated condition causing abnormal fibril deposition. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous PSCT have demonstrated a sustained hematologic response in systemic AL amyloidosis [2]. Our case documents the fact that hepatic involvement improves in most patients who have complete or partial hematologic response to systemic treatment. Recurrence in the liver may eventually ensue, although it seems that novel agents available for plasma cell neoplasms, including lenalidomide, might have some activity in this setting [4].1 Left panel. Liver biopsy showed amyloid deposition replacing most of the hepatic parenchyma. Middle panel. Bone marrow biopsy showed extensive amyloid deposition with 7% monoclonal plasmacytosis. Right panel. Bone marrow biopsy with congo red stain.
THE PATHOLOGY OF HALLUX RIGIDUS
Authors: J. M. Cotterill
Journal: BMJ (1903)

Jaques rubber catheter in the urethra continuously for three weeks, by the end of which time the perineal incision had considerably closed.The occasional passage of a No. 20-24 Clutton steel sound completed the treatment.After operation recovery was uneventful.Rigors were entirely absent, and the presence of the catheter did not even cause discom- fort.At the present time-that is, 243 years after operationthe patient is well, and, as a precautionary measure, easily passes on himself a 20-24 steel sound once a month.The accompanying diagram shows a Jaques rubber catheter fixed in the urethra from the perineum after Wheelhouse's external urethrotomy by what I have termed a "perineal
Hepatic targeting of transplanted liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in intact mice
Authors: Daniel Benten, Antonia Follenzi, Kuldeep K. Bhargava, Vinay Kumaran, Christopher J. Palestro, Sanjeev Gupta
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Targeting of cells to specific tissues is critical for cell therapy. To study endothelial cell targeting, we isolated mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and examined cell biodistributions in animals. To identify transplanted LSEC in tissues, we labeled cells metabolically with DiI-conjugated acetylated low density lipoprotein particles (DiI-Ac-LDL) or (111)Indium-oxine, used LSEC from Rosa26 donors expressing beta-galactosidase or Tie-2-GFP donors with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, and tranduced LSEC with a GFP-lentiviral vector. LSEC efficiently incorporated (111)Indium and DiI-Ac-LDL and expressed GFP introduced by the lentiviral vector. Use of radiolabeled LSEC showed differences in cell biodistributions in relation to the cell transplantation route. After intraportal injection, LSEC were largely in the liver (60 +/- 13%) and, after systemic intravenous injection, in lungs (67 +/- 9%); however, after intrasplenic injection, only some LSEC remained in the spleen (29 +/- 10%; P < .01), whereas most LSEC migrated to the liver or lungs. Transplanted LSEC were found in the liver, lungs, and spleen shortly after transplantation, whereas longer-term cell survival was observed only in the liver. Transplanted LSEC were distinct from Kupffer cells with expression of Tie-2 promoter-driven GFP and of CD31, without F4/80 reactivity. In further studies using radiolabeled LSEC, we established that the manipulation of receptor-mediated cell adhesion in liver sinusoids or the manipulation of blood flow-dependent cell exit from sinusoids improved intrahepatic retention of LSEC to 89 +/- 7% and 89 +/- 5%, respectively (P < .01). In conclusion, the targeting of LSEC to the liver and other organs is directed by vascular bed-specific mechanisms, including blood flow-related processes, and cell-specific factors. These findings may facilitate analysis of LSEC for cell and gene therapy applications.
Sympodia in Identical Twins
Authors: Joseph L. Roberge
Journal: JAMA (1963)

OCCASIONALLY, reports of a rare malformation termed "sympodia" appear in the literature. The typical case report includes a description, usually fairly standard, of a macerated, stillborn, male fetus, immediately recognizable by fusion of the body from the waist down. It is this deformity which gave the condition the descriptive title of "siren" or "sirenomelus" which refers to the mythical mermaids of classical literature. Complete fusion, without vestiges of limbs is more specifically termed "sympus apus."<sup>1</sup> The internal anatomy also usually shows the characteristic varying degrees of agenesis of the renal and genitourinary tracts, accompanied by malformations and segmental agenesis of the gastrointestinal tract. Malformations superior to the diaphragm<sup>2,3</sup>are unusual. The present case is noteworthy for several reasons: (1) It occurred in identical twins. A search of the literature failed to disclose any previous reports of this malformation in identical twins. (2) Both infants were viable and in
Chemokine-mediated angiogenesis: an essential link in the evolution of airway fibrosis?
Authors: Ivor S. Douglas, Mark R. Nicolls
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Angiogenesis may be an important factor in the development of fibrotic lung disease. Prior studies have strongly suggested a role for angiogenic vascular remodeling in pulmonary fibrosis, and emerging evidence indicates that new vessel formation is critical in airway fibrosis. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is a fibrotic occlusion of distal airways that is largely responsible for the morbidity and mortality of patients after lung transplantation. In this issue, Belperio et al. demonstrate a role for CXC chemokine receptor 2 in the regulation of angiogenesis-mediated airway fibroproliferation. By integrating an understanding of neovascularization into the study of events that occur between inflammation and fibrosis, it becomes increasingly possible to rationally design therapies that can halt conditions of maladaptive fibrosis.
Prevention of Senescence Progression in Reversibly Immortalized Human Ensheathing Glia Permits Their Survival After Deimmortalization
Authors: Vega García-Escudero, Ana García-Gómez, Ricardo Gargini, María J Martín-Bermejo, Elena Langa, Justo G de Yébenes, Alicia Delicado, Jesús Ávila, María T Moreno-Flores, Filip Lim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Reversible immortalization holds great potential for primary tissue expansion to develop cell-based therapies as well as for basic research. Human olfactory ensheathing glia (hOEG) are promising candidates for treating spinal cord injury and for studying extrinsic neuroregenerative mechanisms. We used lentivectors with Cre/loxP technology to achieve reversible gene transfer of BMI1, SV40 large T antigen (TAg), a short hairpin RNA against p53 (shp53), and the catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT) in primary cultures of hOEG from human donor cadaver olfactory bulbs. Several combinations of these genes were able to immortalize hOEG, conserving their antigenic markers and neuroregenerative properties but only those transduced by BMI1/TERT did not accumulate karyotypic alterations or increase senescence marker levels. Strikingly, these were also the only cells which continued to proliferate after transgene removal by Cre recombinase delivery, whereas hOEG immortalized by shp53 or TAg in combination with TERT entered into growth arrest and died. These data support the idea that immortalization and halting senescent changes are separate processes; hOEG immortalized by BMI1/TERT can revert back to their former primary cell replicative state when deimmortalized, whereas those transduced by the other combinations depend on the presence of these transgenes to maintain their aberrant proliferative state. Reversible immortalization holds great potential for primary tissue expansion to develop cell-based therapies as well as for basic research. Human olfactory ensheathing glia (hOEG) are promising candidates for treating spinal cord injury and for studying extrinsic neuroregenerative mechanisms. We used lentivectors with Cre/loxP technology to achieve reversible gene transfer of BMI1, SV40 large T antigen (TAg), a short hairpin RNA against p53 (shp53), and the catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT) in primary cultures of hOEG from human donor cadaver olfactory bulbs. Several combinations of these genes were able to immortalize hOEG, conserving their antigenic markers and neuroregenerative properties but only those transduced by BMI1/TERT did not accumulate karyotypic alterations or increase senescence marker levels. Strikingly, these were also the only cells which continued to proliferate after transgene removal by Cre recombinase delivery, whereas hOEG immortalized by shp53 or TAg in combination with TERT entered into growth arrest and died. These data support the idea that immortalization and halting senescent changes are separate processes; hOEG immortalized by BMI1/TERT can revert back to their former primary cell replicative state when deimmortalized, whereas those transduced by the other combinations depend on the presence of these transgenes to maintain their aberrant proliferative state.
An Ice Crusher for Aunt Linna
Authors: Joseph E. Hardison
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Aunt Linna is my favorite aunt. She has known me all my life and I have known her for almost half of hers. She is 93. She was fond of me when I was a little boy, and I suspect I was her favorite nephew. I spent the summer with her in Asheville, NC, when I was 8 and she was 54. She was good to me, made me mind, took me places, read to me, and laughed with me and cooked my favorite things to eat. We played rummy and listened to the radio— Stella Dallas and One Man's Family . I asked her why girls screamed when Frank Sinatra was singing. She said she didn't know. She gave me chores to do and paid me for doing them. I learned a lot from Aunt Linna that summer.  In 1966, Aunt Linna was 77 and I was a hematology fellow.
Circulating growth hormone releasing factor concentrations in normal subjects and patients with acromegaly.
Authors: E S Penny, E Penman, J Price, L H Rees, A M Sopwith, J A Wass, N Lytras, G M Besser
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed for measuring circulating growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) in human plasma. Before measuring immunoreactive GRF plasma samples were extracted on to Vycor glass. Immunoreactive GRF concentrations in plasma samples from 37 fasting normal subjects ranged from less than 10 to 60 ng/l (mean 21 ng/l). Fasting concentrations in 76 out of 80 acromegalic subjects were within the normal range, but the remaining four patients had values of 92 to 25 000 ng/l. Of these, only the patient with the highest concentration had evidence of ectopic GRF secretion from a disseminated carcinoid tumour. Two of the others had longstanding pituitary tumours, and the fourth patient had a pituitary growth hormone (GH) secreting tumour proved by its removal and subsequent remission of acromegaly. There was no correlation between serum GH and plasma immunoreactive GRF concentrations, irrespective of whether the patients were untreated or had been given radiotherapy or dopamine agonists. The assay should help elucidate the physiological role(s) of GRF and may also prove useful in differentiating between pituitary and hypothalamic defects in patients with acromegaly.
The new topical ascomycin derivative SDZ ASM 981 does not induce skin atrophy when applied to normal skin for 4 weeks: a randomized, double-blind controlled study
Authors: C. Queille-Roussel, C. Paul, L. Duteil, M-C. Lefebvre, G. Rapatz, M. Zagula, J-P. Ortonne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background SDZ ASM 981 is a selective inhibitor of inflammatory cytokines released from T lymphocytes and mast cells, which has been developed for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Objectives In the present study, the atrophogenic potential of SDZ ASM 981 1% cream in humans was compared with that of medium and highly potent topical steroids, and vehicle. Methods Four different preparations, SDZ ASM 981 1% cream, the corresponding vehicle of SDZ ASM 981 1% cream, betamethasone-17-valerate 0·1% cream and triamcinolone acetonide 0·1% cream, were applied to the volar aspect of the forearms of 16 healthy volunteers, twice daily, 6 days a week, for 4 weeks. Skin thickness was evaluated by ultrasound examination, clinical signs of atrophy by stereomicroscopy, and epidermal thickness was assessed by histology. Results Both topical corticosteroids induced a significant reduction in skin thickness, as compared with SDZ ASM 981 1% cream and vehicle, which were shown to be equivalent. The difference in skin thickness (measured by ultrasound examination) between patients treated with SDZ ASM 981 1% cream and those receiving either of the two topical steroids was significant from day 8 onwards. Histological analysis performed at day 29 showed significant epidermal thinning with topical steroids compared with SDZ ASM 981 1% cream or the vehicle. Conclusion The lack of atrophogenic properties of SDZ ASM 981 1% cream in this short-term study demonstrates its potential as long-term treatment for inflammatory skin diseases, thus overcoming a major drawback of topical steroids. This may also be important for the treatment of children, and sensitive areas of skin, such as the face and skin-folds.
Yes, Please; I'd Like to Very Much
Authors: D. MacCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDICALJOURNATIlaboratory tests on this antibiotic, and on spiramycin.One hundred recently isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus were tested against these antibiotics, using impregnated paper disks containing 2 xg.lincomycin and 10 /ag.spiramycin (supplied by Upjohn Ltd. and Mast Laboratories, respectively).The results of these tests are shown in the Table.Resistance Pattern of 100 Strains of Staph.aureus Sen P PT PS PST PSTE PSTN PSTEN L Sp 2 3 3 2 10 8 16 56 0 0 P = penicillin.T = tetracycline.S = streptomycin.E = erythromycin.N = neomycin.L = Lincomycin.Sp = spiramycin.Sen = sensitive to all of the above antibiotics.Sixty-four strains were resistant to erythro- mycin, but no cross-resistance between erythromycin, lincomycin, and spiramycin was found.This may be partially explained by the fact that 32/64 erythromycin-resistant strains belonged to the same phage type (75/77) which is prevalent in this hospital at this time.Provided erythromycin and lincomycin are not administered simultaneously to patients with erythromycin-resistant strains of Staph.aureus, we feel, at this stage, that this anti- biotic will be of value in hospitals where erythromycin-resistant strains are prevalent.Further work on this subject is proceeding.-Weare, etc.,