tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CASE OF SPONTANEOUS EVACUATION OF THE CRANIUM
Authors: J. Hatton
Journal: BMJ (1856)

PtMalacosteon .... 072 in., above the coDjugate.The distance of T from the middle of tho third sacral ver- tebra (w), was in all the three pelves nearly the same.From these measurements, it is evident that the two halves of the plane of the brim, which, in the normal pelvis, ar almost directly continuous, form with one another, in the
Subdural haemorrhages in infants: population based study
Authors: S Jayawant, A Rawlinson, F Gibbon, J Price, J Schulte, P Sharples, J R Sibert, A M Kemp
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To identify the incidence, clinical outcome, and associated factors of subdural haemorrhage in children under 2 years of age, and to determine how such cases were investigated and how many were due to child abuse.Population based case series.South Wales and south west England.Children under 2 years of age who had a subdural haemorrhage. We excluded neonates who developed subdural haemorrhage during their stay on a neonatal unit and infants who developed a subdural haemorrhage after infection or neurosurgical intervention.Incidence and clinical outcome of subdural haemorrhage in infants, the number of cases caused by child abuse, the investigations such children received, and associated risk factors.Thirty three children (23 boys and 10 girls) were haemorrhage. The incidence was 12.8/100 000 children/year (95% confidence interval 5.4 to 20.2). Twenty eight cases (85%) were under 1 year of age. The incidence of subdural haemorrhage in children under 1 year of age was 21.0/100 000 children/year and was therefore higher than in the older children. The clinical outcome was poor: nine infants died and 15 had profound disability. Only 22 infants had the basic investigations of a full blood count, coagulation screen, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, skeletal survey or bone scan, and ophthalmological examination. In retrospect, 27 cases (82%) were highly suggestive of abuse.Subdural haemorrhage is common in infancy and carries a poor prognosis; three quarters of such infants die or have profound disability. Most cases are due to child abuse, but in a few the cause is unknown. Some children with subdural haemorrhage do not undergo appropriate investigations. We believe the clinical investigation of such children should include a full multidisciplinary social assessment, an ophthalmic examination, a skeletal survey supplemented with a bone scan or a skeletal survey repeated at around 10 days, a coagulation screen, and computed tomography or magentic resonance imaging. Previous physical abuse in an infant is a significant risk factor for subdural haemorrhage and must be taken seriously by child protection agencies.
AAV9 and Cre: a one-two punch for a quick cardiac knockout
Authors: B. A. French, B. H. Annex
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

This editorial refers to ‘Rapid and highly efﬁcient inducible cardiac gene knockout in adult mice using AAV-mediated expression of Cre recombinase’ by S. Werfel et al. , pp. 15–23, this issue. 

Knockout mice have revolutionized our ability to conduct biomedical research and no area has benefited more than cardiovascular disease. The knockout (or genetic deletion) of (a) specific gene(s) has provided a clearer understanding of the roles a gene plays in development, normal physiology, and in responses to injury, vasomotor regulation, and excitation/contraction coupling to name a few. These advances notwithstanding, the utility of traditional knockout mice can be limited in cases where the gene deletion causes embryonic lethality, or when a tissue-specific knockout is desired to avoid having off-target effects limit the study. The application of Cre-lox technology to transgenesis has provided a powerful tool in helping investigators create tissue-specific knockouts.1 The Cre-lox strategy requires the breeding of two separate lines of genetically manipulated mice: ‘floxed’ mice in which the gene of interest has been flanked by two loxP sites using ‘knock-in’ techniques, and another line of transgenic mice in which a tissue-specific promoter is used to drive the expression of Cre-recombinase. By crossing these two strains, mice are obtained in which tissue-specific expression of Cre results in deletion of the gene of interest due to the action of the Cre-recombinase enzyme that excises the genomic region flanked by the loxP sites. …
Prevention of postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Robert H Dworkin
Journal: The Lancet (1999)

Although there are many approaches to the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN),1–4 many patients do not respond or derive only partial benefit. The development of more effective and better tolerated treatments for PHN is therefore an important goal for future research. A method for preventing PHN would not only make the development of such treatments unnecessary but also eliminate the disability, psychological distress, and use of health-care resources due to PHN.
Planning Medical Center Facilities for Education, Research, and Public Service
Authors: D. Max Lang
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This book reviews the experience of one new medical school (The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center), with appropriate references to certain unique features of others. The author, as an innovative medical educator, continually stresses the need to conceptualize and design the physical facilities according to the desired educational objectives. As a result of this emphasis, the entire physical plant reflects an overriding concern with the student and the goals of the school in terms of creating scholars. In addition to chapters on the historical perspectives of medical education and educational philosophy, the author systematically covers the primary components of a major medical center: site selection, medical sciences building, student study places, lecture and conference rooms, teaching laboratories, offices, research laboratories, supporting facilities, library, animal facilities, teaching hospital, ambulant patient facilities, hospital laboratories, hospital support facilities, clinical satellites, student housing, recreation facilities, and planning and rescheduling. Each chapter integrates the educational
Orthostatic Hypotension and Syncope
Authors: Roger B. Hickler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

A failure of peripheral vascular tone in the upright position is a common cause of arterial hypotension, cerebral ischemia and syncope. The commonest form is vasodepressor syncope, with an active dilatation of resistance vessels, indicative of a crescendo, autonomic discharge in which cholinergic features predominate (perspiration, increased peristaltic activity, nausea, salivation and bradycardia). This type is the "common faint." Much less frequent and clinically much more grave is orthostatic hypotension due to sympathetic-nervous-system failure, in which the fundamental disturbance is a failure of reflex adrenergic cardiovascular activity to prevent hypotension from the normal pooling of blood below the right side . . .
Distribution of heme oxygenase isoforms in rat liver. Topographic basis for carbon monoxide-mediated microvascular relaxation.
Authors: N Goda, K Suzuki, M Naito, S Takeoka, E Tsuchida, Y Ishimura, T Tamatani, M Suematsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Carbon monoxide (CO) derived from heme oxygenase has recently been shown to play a role in controlling hepatobiliary function, but intrahepatic distribution of the enzyme is unknown. We examined distribution of two kinds of the heme oxygenase isoforms (HO-1 and HO-2) in rat liver immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. The results showed that distribution of the two isoforms had distinct topographic patterns: HO-1, an inducible isoform, was observed only in Kupffer cells, while HO-2, a constitutive form, distributed to parenchymal cells, but not to Kupffer cells. Both isoforms were undetectable in hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells. Of the two isoforms, HO-2 in the parenchymal cell rather than HO-1 in the Kupffer cell, appears to play a major role in regulation of microvascular tone. In the perfused liver, administration of HbO2, a CO-trapping reagent that can diffuse across the fenestrated endothelium into the space of Disse, elicited a marked sinusoidal constriction, while administration of a liposome-encapsulated Hb that cannot enter the space had no effect on the microvascular tone. These results suggest that CO evolved by HO-2 in the parenchymal cells, and, released to the extrasinusoidal space, served as the physiological relaxant for hepatic sinusoids.
Serotonin Now: Clinical Implications of Inhibiting Its Synthesis with Para-Chlorophenylalanine
Authors: ALBERT SJOERDSMA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Some of the mystery surrounding serotonin has been unraveled recently after the development of a means of selectively depriving the organism of this amine. Key aspects of recent advances include biochemical characterization of the first enzymatic step in tissue serotonin biosynthesis, that of tryptophan 5-hydroxylation; discovery of an inhibitor (para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)) of the reaction; and observations on the effects of serotonin deprival as produced by PCPA in man and animals. Control of diarrhea in the carcinoid syndrome by PCPA treatment indicates that the major target organ of circulating serotonin is the intestinal tract. Induction of psychiatric effects with high doses of PCPA, along with other evidence, is compatible with a serotonin-deficiency hypothesis of affective illness. Serotonin plays a role in sleep mechanisms, with PCPA suppressing and 5-hydroxytryptophan (serotonin precursor) restoring rapid eye movement sleep in man. Finally, animal data raise exciting possibilities of the involvement of brain serotonin in control of sexual behavior. The serotonin-deprival approach has only begun to be explored in clinical pathophysiologic states.
Distribution of extracellular potassium and its relation to electrophysiologic changes during acute myocardial ischemia in the isolated perfused porcine heart.
Authors: R Coronel, J W Fiolet, F J Wilms-Schopman, A F Schaapherder, T A Johnson, L S Gettes, M J Janse
Journal: Circulation (1988)

An experimental approach is described to quantitate inhomogeneity in extracellular K concentration ([K+]out) in the presence of ischemia and to relate this inhomogeneity to the electrophysiologic changes. Extracellular potassium concentration and local direct-current electrograms from the same sites were measured in isolated perfused pig hearts with the use of multiple electrodes. Dispersion of [K+]out is described under three conditions: (1) during regional ischemia in the "central zone" and the "borderzone", (2) during global ischemia, and (3) during perfusion of the heart with a high-K perfusate. Inhomogeneity was greatest during regional ischemia, especially in the borderzone, where generally lower concentrations were measured. When during regional ischemia the normal zone was perfused with a high-K perfusate, dispersion in the ischemic borderzone diminished, and higher concentrations than in the central zone were measured. During global ischemia inhomogeneity was slightly larger than during high-K perfusion. Dispersion during the latter was considered due to experimental error. A decrease in [K+]out during regional ischemia after the initial increase was closely correlated with electrical recovery of the electrograms. This decrease occurred earlier in the borderzone than in the central zone. During ischemia [K+]out was not related to the occurrence of monophasic electrograms, which are indicative of the absence of local regenerative responses. For every single electrode position a linear relationship between TQ depression and [K+]out was found, the slope of which varied with the position of the electrode. When all sites were taken together, there was no correlation between TQ depression and [K+]out. We conclude that: (1) inhomogeneity of K+ is largest in the borderzone, (2) potassium flows from the ischemic zone into the normal zone, (3) transient electrical recovery is related to a decrease (after an initial increase) in [K+]out, which is at least partly due to a flow of K+ toward the normal zone, (4) monophasic ("block") electrograms can be recorded from intrinsically excitable tissue, (5) for every single site in the ischemic region there is a linear relationship between local [K+]out and local TQ segment depression, and (6) the degree of TQ depression at a particular site is not a reliable index of the degree of ischemic injury at that site.
The Other Side of Tomorrow
Authors: William Paul Skelton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

On Being a Doctor15 July 1993The Other Side of TomorrowWilliam Paul Skelton, MDWilliam Paul Skelton, MDUniversity of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I was a 33-year-old internist. Life had been good to me. Success, happiness, and love all came to me. It seemed as if it had been too easy, perhaps all too easy. A beautiful, healthy baby boy arrived. Life could not have been better. I had the best of everything.In mid-1989 my fortunes changed. Slowly, imperceptibly, I began to grow weak. The least physical exertion produced tremendous left shoulder pain. I also developed migraines 2 to 3 times each week. Like all young physicians at a medical university, I attributed these symptoms to stress and lack of exercise and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William Paul Skelton, MDAffiliations: University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612.Corresponding Author: William Paul Skelton III, MD, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital (11C), 13,000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 2Page: 161-162KeywordsChemotherapyEmotionsKidneysMigraineMortalityNauseaRadiologistsShouldersThoracotomyVeins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dasatinib induces significant hematologic and cytogenetic responses in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated phase
Authors: Francois Guilhot, Jane Apperley, Dong-Wook Kim, Eduardo O. Bullorsky, Michele Baccarani, Gail J. Roboz, Sergio Amadori, Carmino A. de Souza, Jeffrey H. Lipton, Andreas Hochhaus, Dominik Heim, Richard A. Larson, Susan Branford, Martin C. Muller, Prasheen Agarwal, Ashwin Gollerkeri, Moshe Talpaz
Journal: Blood (2007)
Pru p 3 acts as a strong sensitizer for peanut allergy in Spain
Authors: Gracia Javaloyes, Maria J. Goikoetxea, Ignacio García Nuñez, Ana Aranda, Maria L. Sanz, Miguel Blanca, Araceli Diaz Perales, Juliana da Souza, Irene Esparza, Victoria del Pozo, Ana B. Blazquez, Stephan Scheurer, Stefan Vieths, Marta Ferrer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Cyclooxygenase-2 preserves flow-mediated remodelling in old obese Zucker rat mesenteric arteries
Authors: Eric J. Belin de Chantemèle, Emilie Vessières, Anne-Laure Guihot, Bertrand Toutain, Laurent Loufrani, Daniel Henrion
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsResistance arteries have a key role in the control of local blood flow and pressure, and chronic increases in blood flow induce endothelium-dependent outward hypertrophic remodelling. The incidence of metabolic syndrome increases with age, and the combination of these two risk factors impairs endothelium integrity, in part through an inflammatory process. We hypothesized that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) would affect remodelling in 12-month-old obese rats compared with young rats.
Referral patterns, cancer diagnoses, and waiting times after introduction of two week wait rule for breast cancer: prospective cohort study
Authors: Shelley Potter, Sasi Govindarajulu, Mike Shere, Fiona Braddon, Geoffrey Curran, Rosemary Greenwood, Ajay K Sahu, Simon J Cawthorn
Journal: BMJ (2007)

To investigate the long term impact of the two week wait rule for breast cancer on referral patterns, cancer diagnoses, and waiting times.Prospective cohort study.A specialist breast clinic in a teaching hospital in Bristol.All patients referred to breast clinic from primary care between 1999 and 2005.Number, route, and outcome of referrals from primary care and waiting times for urgent and routine appointments.The annual number of referrals increased by 9% over the seven years from 3499 in 1999 to 3821 in 2005. Routine referrals decreased by 24% (from 1748 to 1331), but two week wait referrals increased by 42% (from 1751 to 2490) during this time. The percentage of patients diagnosed with cancer in the two week wait group decreased from 12.8% (224/1751) in 1999 to 7.7% (191/2490) in 2005 (P<0.001), while the number of cancers detected in the "routine" group increased from 2.5% (43/1748) to 5.3% (70/1331) (P<0.001) over the same period. About 27% (70/261) of people with cancer are currently referred in the non-urgent group. Waiting times for routine referrals have increased with time.The two week wait rule for breast cancer is failing patients. The number of cancers detected in the two week wait population is decreasing, and an unacceptable proportion is now being referred via the routine route. If breast cancer services are to be improved, the two week wait rule should be reviewed urgently.
Privacy, Birth Control and an Uncommonly Silly Law
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE Supreme Court of the United States has, after many years of on-again, off-again litigation, struck down as unconstitutional the Connecticut statute barring the use of contraceptive devices or drugs. The case before the court, Griswold v. the State of Connecticut,1 involved a planned-parenthood clinic that was giving information and medical service to married couples on the best contraceptive materials for their personal use.Connecticut is the only state in the union with a law barring the use of contraceptives. Furthermore, the Supreme Court treated the case throughout as involving the privacy of married couples, the very status of . . .
Mercury exposure aboard an ore boat.
Authors: Richard R Roach, Stephanie Busch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Two maritime academy interns (X and Y) were exposed to mercury vapor after spilling a bottle of mercury on the floor in an enclosed storeroom while doing inventory aboard an ore boat. During a 3-day period, intern Y suffered transient clinical intoxication that resolved after he was removed from the environment and he showered and discarded all clothing. His initial serum mercury level dropped from 4 ng/mL to < 0.05 ng/mL. Intern X had an initial level of 11 ng/mL, which continued to rise to a maximum of 188.8 ng/mL. He complained of tremulousness, insomnia, and mild agitation and was hospitalized. He had showered and discarded all clothing except his footwear earlier than intern Y. Intern X's continued exposure due to mercury in the contaminated boots during the 2 weeks before hospitalization was presumed to be the cause. Removing his footwear led to resolution of his toxic symptoms and correlated with subsequent lowered serum mercury levels. Chelation was initiated as recommended, despite its uncertain benefit for neurologic intoxication. Mercury is used in the merchant marine industry in ballast monitors called king gauges. New engineering is recommended for ballast monitoring to eliminate this hazard.
Characteristics of Children Hospitalized With Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Michael D. Day, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Stanford Shulman, Jane W. Newburger
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Infective endocarditis in children is rare, and most reports describe the experience in referral centers. The purpose of our study was to assess the characteristics of children with infective endocarditis in a large national sample. Methods and Results— We analyzed hospital discharge records with International Classification of Diseases , ninth revision, codes indicating infective endocarditis among admissions of patients &lt;21 years of age in the Kids’ Inpatient Databases 2000 and 2003; analyses for the 2 years were combined. In 1588 hospitalizations, the age distribution was bimodal, with peaks in infancy and late adolescence. The organism was coded in 632 admissions; Staphylococcus aureus was most common (57%), followed by the viridans group of streptococci (20%). Preexisting heart disease was present in 662 patients admitted (42%), among whom 81% had congenital heart disease, 8% had prosthetic valve endocarditis, and 5% had rheumatic heart disease. In-hospital mortality occurred in 84 patients (5%), 38 with preexisting heart disease. Death occurred in 12 of 25 patients (48%) with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia, and 4 of 54 (8%) with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Among 46 deaths without preexisting heart disease, S aureus was the causative organism in 13 of 14 patients (93%) beyond infancy; among 32 infants who died, 10 (31%) were premature. Conclusions— In 2000 and 2003, we found a continuing shift in the epidemiology of pediatric infective endocarditis toward a higher proportion of children without preexisting heart disease. Risk factors for mortality included some forms of congenital heart disease and, among patients without preexisting heart disease, premature/neonatal age and S aureus as an etiologic agent.
Myocardial uptake of 111In monoclonal antimyosin Fab in detecting doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in rats. Morphological and hemodynamic findings.
Authors: M Hiroe, Y Ohta, N Fujita, M Nagata, T Toyozaki, K Kusakabe, M Sekiguchi, F Marumo
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The therapeutic value of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by its cardiotoxicity, which is dose dependent. To improve the detection of such myocardial damage, this study was designed to determine whether the 111In antimyosin antibody Fab could serve as a marker for cardiotoxicity in treated versus control rats on the basis of comparative morphological and hemodynamic findings. METHODS AND RESULTS DOX was administered by intravenous injection to rats at a dose of 3 mg.kg-1.week-1 for 5 weeks. Three weeks after the final injection, an intravenous dose of 111In antimyosin, 740 kBq (20 microCi), was administered, and tissue distribution of the radioisotope (percent kilogram dose per gram) was assessed in 48 hours. Myocardial uptake of radioactivity by both ventricles was more prominent in the DOX-treated rats than in control rats (p &lt; 0.001). The heart-to-blood and heart-to-lung uptake ratios were markedly higher in the treated rats than in controls (p &lt; 0.001). As the severity of the myocardial damage increased, there was a progressive increase in myocardial uptake. There was a strong correlation between the severity of myocardial damage and the ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.84 and r = 0.83 in the left and right ventricles, respectively). On microscopic immunoautoradiography of the DOX-treated heart, there was a specific immunolocalization of the radiotracer in the injured myocytes but no radioactivity in the control myocytes. CONCLUSIONS 111In antimyosin antibody appears to be a useful immunoradiotracer in detecting cardiac damage induced by DOX administration and in assessing the severity of cardiotoxicity. These data reinforce the clinical observation that myocardial imaging using 111In antimyosin Fab is able to provide information to guide the course of patients receiving DOX treatment.