tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Potential Exposure and Risk from Estrogens in Drinking Water
Authors: Daniel J. Caldwell, Frank Mastrocco, Edward Nowak, James Johnston, Harry Yekel, Danielle Pfeiffer, Marilyn Hoyt, Beth M. DuPlessie, Paul D. Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Detection of estrogens in the environment has raised concerns in recent years because of their potential to affect both wildlife and humans.We compared exposures to prescribed and naturally occurring estrogens in drinking water to exposures to naturally occurring background levels of estrogens in the diet of children and adults and to four independently derived acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) to determine whether drinking water intakes are larger or smaller than dietary intake or ADIs.We used the Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation (PhATE) model to predict concentrations of estrogens potentially present in drinking water. Predicted drinking water concentrations were combined with default water intake rates to estimate drinking water exposures. Predicted drinking water intakes were compared to dietary intakes and also to ADIs. We present comparisons for individual estrogens as well as combined estrogens.In the analysis we estimated that a child's exposures to individual prescribed estrogens in drinking water are 730-480,000 times lower (depending upon estrogen type) than exposure to background levels of naturally occurring estrogens in milk. A child's exposure to total estrogens in drinking water (prescribed and naturally occurring) is about 150 times lower than exposure from milk. Adult margins of exposure (MOEs) based on total dietary exposure are about 2 times smaller than those for children. Margins of safety (MOSs) for an adult's exposure to total prescribed estrogens in drinking water vary from about 135 to > 17,000, depending on ADI. MOSs for exposure to total estrogens in drinking water are about 2 times lower than MOSs for prescribed estrogens. Depending on the ADI that is used, MOSs for young children range from 28 to 5,120 for total estrogens (including both prescribed and naturally occurring sources) in drinking water.The consistently large MOEs and MOSs strongly suggest that prescribed and total estrogens that may potentially be present in drinking water in the United States are not causing adverse effects in U.S. residents, including sensitive subpopulations.
What about the music? Music-specific functions must be considered in order to explain reactions to music
Authors: Guy Madison
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The mechanisms proposed in the target article are quite general and do not address variables specific for music. I argue that reactions to music include motivational mechanisms related to functions of music. To further the field, as the authors envision, consideration of internal mechanisms must be paired with specific hypotheses that include musical and musically relevant variables.
HIV INFECTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CORONARY NON-CALCIFIED PLAQUE AMONG PARTICIPANTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE OF ZERO: MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT STUDY (MACS)
Authors: Thomas S. Metkus, Todd Brown, Matthew Budoff, Lawrence Kingsley, Frank Palella, Mallory Witt, Xiuhong Li, Richard George, Lisa Jacobson, Wendy Post
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
353 The frizzled variant of the endostatin precursor collagen XVIII, a pericellular matrix protein
Authors: O MUSSO, H ELAMAA, D QUELARD, E ROBERT, R PRIMAULT, N THERET, T PIHLAJANIEMI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The peripheral growth cones of statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) neurons are presumed to sense molecular cues to navigate to their sensory targets during development. Based on previously reported expression data for Frizzled receptors, Wnt ligands, and Wnt inhibitors, we hypothesized that some members of the Wnt morphogen family may function as repulsive cues for SAG neurites. The responses of SAG neurons to mammalian Wnts -1, -4, -5a, -6, and -7b, and the Wnt inhibitors sFRP -1, -2, and -3, were tested in vitro by growing SAG explants from embryonic day 4 (E4) chicken embryos for two days in 3D collagen gels. Average neurite length and density were quantified to determine effects on neurite outgrowth. SAG neurites were strongly repelled by human Sema3E, demonstrating SAG neurons are responsive under these assay conditions. In contrast, SAG neurons showed no changes in neurite outgrowth when cultured in the presence of Wnts and Wnt inhibitors. As an alternative approach, Wnt4 and Wnt5a were also tested in vivo by injecting retroviruses encoding these genes into the chicken otocyst on E3. On E6, no differences were evident in the peripheral projections of SAG axons terminating in infected sensory organs as compared to uninfected organs on the contralateral side of the same embryo. For all Wnt sources, bioactivity was confirmed on E6 chick spinal cord explants by observing enhanced axon outgrowth, as reported previously in the mouse. These results suggest that the tested Wnts do not play a role in guiding peripheral axons in the chicken inner ear.
Hepatitis after the Transfusion of Frozen Red Cells and Washed Red Cells
Authors: R. K. Haugen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The large-scale use of frozen red cells and washed red cells in this transfusion service has not been effective in reducing post-transfusion hepatitis. Seventy-eight per cent of 31,125 transfusions, excluding platelets and plasma, were given in the form of frozen or washed red cells. These transfusions were associated with 56 cases of hepatitis. In 37 cases, the recipients had received only frozen or washed red cells (or both). Post-transfusion hepatitis was of the non-A, non-B type in 95% of cases. On average, commercial blood accounted for 30 per cent of the donor base during the first four years and was involved in 44 of the 56 cases. Elimination of commercial blood from the donor base resulted in a decrease in the incidence of hepatitis from 2.1 to 0.3 per 1000 transfusions.
The Myocardium in Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: OTTO SAPHIR, LOUIS N. KATZ, IRA GORE
Journal: Circulation (1950)

An evaluation of electrocardiographic tracings as an index of myocardial damage in survivors of subacute bacterial endocarditis was undertaken in a study of 76 fatal cases of the disease. Anatomic changes, present in all, included myocarditis, perivascular infiltration and fibrosis, Aschoff bodies, infarcts, and intravascular emboli. Electrocardiographic tracings revealed changes which could be attributed to myocardial impairment confirmed at autopsy. Variation of pattern in serial records, although not diagnostic of specific disease, indicated an active process within the myocardium. Correlation of the electrocardiographic tracings with pathologic changes was not complete, but was sufficiently close to demonstrate the diagnostic value of electrocardiograms.
Genetic study of a new X-linked recessive immunodeficiency syndrome.
Authors: G de Saint-Basile, F Le Deist, M Caniglia, Y Lebranchu, C Griscelli, A Fischer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Seven forms of X-linked (XL) immunodeficiency have been described (XL agammaglobulinemia, XL severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID], Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, XL chronic granulomatous disease, XL hyper-IgM syndrome with low IgG and IgA, and XL lymphoproliferative syndrome), and properdine deficiency. Although there are (some) phenotypic variants, diagnosis is relatively simple on the basis of clinical, immunological, and genetic characteristics. We studied a family in which several males were affected by severe infections and whose pedigree suggested recessive XL inheritance of an immunodeficiency. Immunologic and genetic studies (X inactivation patterns in females and restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] segregation) were performed in order to characterize the immunodeficiency. The propositus, a 5-yr-old boy, was found to have a severe and progressive T- and B-cell functional immunodeficiency characterized by defective antigen-specific responses. No lymphocyte subsets or membrane anomalies were detected and the immunodeficiency did not correspond to usual XL forms. Studies of DNA from two of the informative females, the mother and one sister revealed nonrandom X chromosome inactivation of T cells and, partially, B cells but not PMN, a pattern similar to that observed in XL SCID carriers. RFLP studies identified a haplotype segregating with the abnormal locus that may be localized in the proximal part of the long arm of the X chromosome. We thus report the characterization of a new XL immunodeficiency that may correspond either to another XL locus or to an attenuated phenotype of XL SCID.
Uterine prostaglandin E secretion and uterine blood flow in the pregnant rabbit.
Authors: R C Venuto, T O'Dorisio, J H Stein, T F Ferris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Studies were performed in pregnant rabbits to assess the effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on uterine blood flow. Cardiac output and uteroplacental blood flow (UPBF) were measured using radiolabeled microspheres. Prostaglandin E (PGE) concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in the uterine vein and peripheral artery of the pregnant nephrectomized rabbit. Either meclofenamate or indomethacin 2 mg/kg were utilized to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Systemic arterial pressure increased from 86 mm Hg to 98 mm Hg (P less than0.0001) after prostaglandin inhibition. Cardiac output was unchanged after the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, 326 ml/min to 7.8 ml/min. Uterine vein PGE concentration was extremely high, 172.4 ng/ml, with concomitant peripheral arterial PGE 2.1 NG/ML. Intravenous administration of either meclofenamate or indomethacin reduced uterine vein PGE to 23 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) and arterial PGE to 1.0 ng/ml (P less than 0.05). Male and nonpregnant female rabbits had lower arterial PGE, 0.37 ng/ml (P less 0.05). Studies in non-nephrectomized pregnant animals demonstrated that uteroplacental secretion of PGE was greater than five times renal secretion. These studies demonstrate that the rabbit uteroplacental unit is a rich source of PGE and suggest that production of the vasoactive lipid may have a key role in regulating UPBF during pregnancy.
Sociological Aspects of Homosexuality: A Comparative Study of Three Types of Homosexuals
Authors: Alexander S. Rogawski
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The author postulates that psychiatrists, penal administrators, and sociologists hold different views of homosexuality because they meet with different types of homosexuals. To test his assumption, he studied three groups: (1) homosexuals under psychiatric care, (2) those neither under treatment nor in prison, and (3) those convicted of homosexual offenses with adults. Of the 300 men studied each was interviewed and asked to complete a verbal reasoning test and a personality inventory. In this book, Mr. Schofield presents his results, integrates them with the findings of other researchers, and proposes a theoretical formulation of his views on homosexuality. He feels that the three homosexual groups present greater dissimilarity to each other than they do to the corresponding nonhomosexual groups. He believes that homosexual patients or convicts have more in common with non-homosexual patients or convicts, respectively, than with other inverts. Homosexuals who have avoided conflict with the law and have
In-vivo response of the Human Uterus to Orciprenaline in Early Labour
Authors: A. J. Tyack, P. Baillie, F. P. Meehan
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The effect of orciprenaline on uterine activity in 10 women in early induced labour at term with intact membranes was studied. Nine had uterine contractions in response to intravenous oxytocin and one to prostaglandin E(2). The inhibition of uterine contractility was dose-dependent. The effective dose varied between 10 and 20 mug/minute. Tachyphylaxis was not observed. The only significant effects noted in the mother were tachycardia and increased pulse pressure and in the fetus a smaller increase in heart rate.
Medical Imaging Problems in the Patient With Advanced Cancer
Authors: David G. Bragg
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE ROLE of medical imaging, as applied to the patient with advanced cancer, is complex, often costly, and confusing to the non-radiologist-physician. This article sets forth recommendations by body site for medical imaging techniques as applied to the patient with cancer. These are placed in the perspective of cost, specificity, and sensitivity. Institutional variations will exist, depending on operator skill and experience as well as equipment. One of the most frequent reasons for unnecessary radiological procedures in patients with advanced cancer is the clinician's failure to appreciate the metastatic behavior of the tumor when ordering imaging procedures. An additional problem is the understandable frustration of the nonradiological physician with questions concerning which new imaging technique is best or costs the least. A discussion of the behavior of the respective tumors is beyond the scope of this article; however, this information must bias the imaging recommendations in each patient. At the
1995 INTERIM MEETING OF THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES
Authors: LONNIE R. Bristow
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Research by Community Oncologists
Authors: G. I. Cohen
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2003)

Practicing and hospital-based community oncologists are increasingly recognized as sources for clinical research activity. Although surveys have documented patients' and physicians' willingness to consider participation in clinical research studies, accrual to clinical trials by adults in cancer research studies remains embarrassingly low. This may be due in part to a lack of knowledge about available studies by community oncologists, a lack of time or interest, or a lack of resources to support the cost of performing clinical trials. This article addresses these issues as an instructional module for community physicians interested in increasing their activity in clinical trials or improving their abilities to facilitate patient accrual to cancer research studies.
Alcohol-Stimulated Secretion of Immunoreactive Secretin
Authors: Eugene Straus, Hanns-Joachim Urbach, Rosalyn S. Yalow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

MANY pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the role of alcohol in the development of acute pancreatitis in the almost 100 years since "drunkard's pancreas" was first described.1 At present no mechanism has been proved. However a great deal of attention has been paid to the general concept that increased intraductal pressure, caused by secretion against obstruction, may produce disruption of pancreatic radicals and escape of enzymes into the tissues, thereby causing pancreatic damage.2 This hypothesis is strengthened by the observation that all stages of acute pancreatitis have been produced in dogs by incomplete obstruction of the pancreatic duct . . .
PROBABLE SEPTICAEMIA TREATED WITH SCARLET FEVER SERUM
Authors: R. E. Lord, J. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1930)

SEPTICAEMIA TREA7fD WITTH SCARLET FEV-ER SERUM. LTE Bit 335.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~w hen it rises to 84.The tonguie is cleani hznd t1i-a.)ppetitegood.Thie pat ielt is puitting on weight ai(l ientlly hile is bIighlt anid alert.He has been able to attend at my consulting inoms fol lloo1( couintst.The followingo c-unts will (delInoiSttsrtrte ilt, he '01 eSeS made.On November 30th, 1929, a few (lays aft er conunencement of treatmenit with ventriculin, the bloodl cotunt waivs a,s follows Red b)lood cells (per c.nm.) ... ... ...
TNF-α induces leukemic clonal evolution ex vivo in Fanconi anemia group C murine stem cells
Authors: June Li, Daniel P. Sejas, Xiaoling Zhang, Yuhui Qiu, Kalpana J. Nattamai, Reena Rani, Keaney R. Rathbun, Hartmut Geiger, David A. Williams, Grover C. Bagby, Qishen Pang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The molecular pathogenesis of the myeloid leukemias that frequently occur in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) is not well defined. Hematopoietic stem cells bearing inactivating mutations of FA complementation group C (FANCC) are genetically unstable and hypersensitive to apoptotic cytokine cues including IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, but neoplastic stem cell clones that arise frequently in vivo are resistant to these cytokines. Reasoning that the combination of genetic instability and cytokine hypersensitivity might create an environment supporting the emergence of leukemic stem cells, we tested the leukemia-promoting effects of TNF-alpha in murine stem cells. TNF-alpha exposure initially profoundly inhibited the growth of Fancc-/- stem cells. However, longer-term exposure of these cells promoted the outgrowth of cytogenetically abnormal clones that, upon transplantation into congenic WT mice, led to acute myelogenous leukemia. TNF-alpha induced ROS-dependent genetic instability in Fancc-/- but not in WT cells. The leukemic clones were TNF-alpha resistant but retained their characteristic hypersensitivity to mitomycin C and exhibited high levels of chromosomal instability. Expression of FANCC cDNA in Fancc-/- stem cells protected them from TNF-alpha-induced clonal evolution. We conclude that TNF-alpha exposure creates an environment in which somatically mutated preleukemic stem cell clones are selected and from which unaltered TNF-alpha-hypersensitive Fancc-/- stem cells are purged.
Same Old Seventeen-Dollar Lamps
Authors: Timothy E. Quill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

On Being a Doctor15 June 1999Same Old Seventeen-Dollar LampsTimothy E. Quill, MDTimothy E. Quill, MDThe Genesee Hospital; Rochester, NY 14607 (Quill)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I was a medical intern in 1976 when I met The Reverend, a fundamentalist African-American preacher. The Reverend had no faith in medical technology or its practitioners and had vowed never to enter the hospital. Life and death, in his opinion, should be left exclusively in God's hands. Until now, his strategy had worked well. However, at 85 years of age, The Reverend had embarked on the third 40-day fast of his life as a way to cleanse himself and become closer to God. Midway through this fast, he stopped drinking as well as eating. As he drifted into a ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Timothy E. Quill, MDAffiliations: The Genesee Hospital; Rochester, NY 14607 (Quill)Corresponding Author: Timothy E. Quill, MD, The Genesee Hospital, 224 Alexander Street, Rochester, NY 14607. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 12Page: 1022-1024KeywordsBlood pressureBreast cancerComaEatingEmotionsSaltsSleepSweatTongueVision ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
STATE OF THE ARTERY AND THE CIRCULATION UNDER THE SPHYGMOMANOMETER CUFF DURING COMPRESSION
Authors: H. Sainsbury
Journal: BMJ (1929)

IT is generally assumied that the tlumeni of the brachial rt is completely obliterated when , in the course of a b1ood liressure estimation, the pulse at the wrist ceases to bie palp)able, and on the face of it this assumption appears almost to be self-evident.Moreover,has itInot the sanc- tion of physiologists generally?Conlsulthere the figuie in Stilling's'hysiology (1926, p. 8C6), also Howell's textboo k (1927), anid Gallavardin's figures reproduced in Hfalls Dailv's High Bloodi Pressure (1926, p. 42)-nothing cotuld lieimoe categorical and plain to see.In spite of all this I havs been driven to doubt the fact, anid this doubtlhas grow ll in strength w'th further considerationl.May I be allowed( to produce my reasonis?I must add that this is not ail acadlemic question for mere debate; it is a plain miatter of fact or niot, and it raises a definite practical issule in respect of the interpretation of the manometer rea(lings.Reaction of.the Tissues to (Compression.'3'o begin with, then, as wNie are dealing witl compression aid compressibility, it must be asked, Are the so-called soft lparts of the arm-Gallavardini's parties iolles- righ-tlv thus named?They consist of adipose tissue,.-muscle fibre, and a fibrous framiework whibih embeds aiid encapsules; further, of a system of vessels, blood-and 1lynipll-contain-ing, which ramify thro ugh the wlhole mass - we can probably omit the consideration of the last-named the lymphatics, As Legligible.Enclosinig this tissuiecomplex is the dense exoskeletal structiire of the skin, more or less loosely tied to the deeper parts, anid, completing the list of factors which enter into the problem, there is the (entral core of bone, which plresents its rigidity to serve for attachment as well as to supply a surface for counterlpressure.Now there will be no doubt in ouir mimda as to the uin- yi ieliingness of the bony core; is there alny as to the yield- ingness of the " soft parts "? Fiat efperinieottin-thrust the thumb forcibly into the mass of the biceps; (loes it Inot sink ii, and does this not settle the quiestion?
Over-prescribing methylphenidate won't be cured by autism-style assessments
Authors: S. Timimi
Journal: BMJ (2013)

As McClure points out, inability to halt the upward trend of stimulant prescription was a predictable outcome of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).1 However, the guideline’s problems go deeper than having an insufficient mechanism for differentiating moderate from severe ADHD. By their own criteria, the guideline development group found little to support …