tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastric adenocarcinoma screening and prevention in the era of new biomarker and endoscopic technologies: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Jennifer M Yeh, Chin Hur, Zachary Ward, Deborah Schrag, Sue J Goldie
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the cost-effectiveness of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma (NCGA) screening strategies based on new biomarker and endoscopic technologies. <h3>Design</h3> Using an intestinal-type NCGA microsimulation model, we evaluated the following one-time screening strategies for US men: (1) serum pepsinogen to detect gastric atrophy (with endoscopic follow-up of positive screen results), (2) endoscopic screening to detect dysplasia and asymptomatic cancer (with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) treatment for detected lesions) and (3) <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> screening and treatment. Screening performance, treatment effectiveness, cancer and cost data were based on published literature and databases. Subgroups included current, former and never smokers. Outcomes included lifetime cancer risk and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), expressed as cost per quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) gained. <h3>Results</h3> Screening the general population at age 50 years reduced the lifetime intestinal-type NCGA risk (0.24%) by 26.4% with serum pepsinogen screening, 21.2% with endoscopy and EMR and 0.2% with <i>H. pylori</i> screening/treatment. Targeting current smokers reduced the lifetime risk (0.35%) by 30.8%, 25.5%, and 0.1%, respectively. For all subgroups, serum pepsinogen screening was more effective and more cost-effective than all other strategies, although its ICER varied from $76 000/QALY (current smokers) to $105 400/QALY (general population). Results were sensitive to <i>H. pylori</i> prevalence, screen age and serum pepsinogen test sensitivity. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis found that at a $100 000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold, the probability that serum pepsinogen screening was preferred was 0.97 for current smokers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although not warranted for the general population, targeting high-risk smokers for serum pepsinogen screening may be a cost-effective strategy to reduce intestinal-type NCGA mortality.
Registrar who used excessive force in forceps delivery is struck off
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A locum registrar who killed a baby girl when he used “grossly excessive force” in a forceps delivery was struck off by the General Medical Council last week. However, he continues to evade police seeking to charge him with manslaughter in the case.

Vladan Visnjevac is now in Sarajevo, and Surrey police say that the Bosnian authorities are refusing to extradite him. He made no submissions to the hearing.

Newborn Hollie Dinning died at St Peter’s Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, two days after delivery in May 2002, from a fractured skull and “massive” brain injuries. Dr Visnjevac had made four attempts to deliver her with forceps, using …
GENETIC INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENOPRIVAL HYPERTENSION IN PARABIOTIC RATS
Authors: K. D. Knudsen, J. Iwai, M. Heine, G. Leitl, L. K. Dahl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Rats from two strains with opposite constitutional predisposition to hypertension were joined in parabiosis and one partner was nephrectomized. The influence of genetic factors and of diet on the blood pressures of the two classes of parabionts, operated and intact, indicated that renoprival hypertension occurred with equal frequency in rats from both strains; that the development of renoprival hypertension depended on the influence from an intact S partner, or on a high salt intake, or on both. A nephrectomized S rat developing renoprival hypertension did not induce high blood pressure in its intact R partner. In this respect renoprival hypertension differs from salt and renal hypertension. The findings are interpreted to mean that the hypertensinogenic agent specific for S rats is produced by S kidneys.
Influence of Chronic Tethering of the Mitral Valve on Mitral Leaflet Size and Coaptation in Functional Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Ken Saito, Hiroyuki Okura, Nozomi Watanabe, Kikuko Obase, Tomoko Tamada, Terumasa Koyama, Akihiro Hayashida, Yoji Neishi, Takahiro Kawamoto, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
IgE autoantibodies against the intracellular domain of BP180
Authors: S.K. Dresow, C. Sitaru, A. Recke, G.J. Oostingh, D. Zillikens, B.F. Gibbs
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 (type XVII collagen) and BP230. BP not only involves IgG-mediated neutrophil activation, leading to blistering, but also IgE-dependent activation of mast cells and basophils. While IgG and IgE autoantibodies target the extracellular noncollagenous (NC) 16A domain of BP180, little is known whether other BP180 regions are targeted by these antibody classes.To characterize IgE and IgG autoantibody binding to antigenic sites on the intracellular domain (ICD) of BP180 compared with BP180 NC16A.IgE/IgG autoreactivity against recombinant BP180 ICD and NC16A was determined by immunoblotting of sera from 18 patients with BP and 10 controls.Total serum IgE was elevated in 16 of 18 BP sera. Most BP sera tested positive (15 of 18) to NC16A with both immunoglobulin classes. Additionally, 14 of 18 sera showed IgE reactivity with an epitope mapped to the ICD of BP180 (amino acid residues 103-266). Mapping of ICD antigenic sites revealed similar IgE and IgG reactivities for most regions except for greater IgE reactivity to amino acid residues 234-398 (11 of 18 BP sera) than IgG (five of 18). Control sera failed to display IgE reactivity to these antigens.The results indicate that BP180 NC16A is not the only antigenic determinant of IgE autoantibodies in BP and that additional, novel epitopes exist on different regions of the ICD of BP180. The heterogeneous autoimmune response against BP180 suggests intramolecular epitope spreading during disease progression.
Inhaled Formoterol Dry Powder Versus Ipratropium Bromide in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: RONALD DAHL, LOUIS A. P. M. GREEFHORST, DARIUSZ NOWAK, VLADIMIR NONIKOV, AIDAN M. BYRNE, MOIRA H. THOMSON, DENISE TILL, GIOVANNI DELLA CIOPPA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We compared the effectiveness of inhaled formoterol with that of ipratropium in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). After a 2-wk run-in period, 780 patients with COPD were randomized to receive for 12 wk formoterol dry powder 12 or 24 μ g twice daily, ipratropium bromide 40 μ g four times daily, or placebo in a multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study. The primary efficacy variable was the area under the curve for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) measured over 12 h after 12 wk of treatment. Secondary variables included diary symptoms and quality of life. Both doses of formoterol and ipratropium significantly increased the area under the curve for FEV1 in comparison with placebo (all p < 0.001). Both doses of formoterol were also significantly superior to ipratropium (all p < 0.025). Compared with placebo, both doses of formoterol significantly improved symptoms (all p ⩽ 0.007) and quality of life (p < 0.01 for total scores) whereas ipratropium did not show significant effects (all p ⩾ 0.3). All study treatments exhibited a similar safety profile. We conclude that formoterol is more effective than ipratropium bromide in the treatment of COPD, as the efficacy of ipratropium on airflow obstruction does not translate into a clinical benefit that patients can perceive.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; inhaled cholinergic antagonist; inhaled long-acting β2-agonist; formoterol; FEV1; quality of life; randomized controlled study
Transcription profiling in human platelets reveals LRRFIP1 as a novel protein regulating platelet function
Authors: Alison H. Goodall, Philippa Burns, Isabelle Salles, Iain C. Macaulay, Chris I. Jones, Diego Ardissino, Bernard de Bono, Sarah L. Bray, Hans Deckmyn, Frank Dudbridge, Desmond J. Fitzgerald, Stephen F. Garner, Arief Gusnanto, Kerstin Koch, Cordelia Langford, Marie N. O'Connor, Catherine M. Rice, Derek Stemple, Jonathan Stephens, Mieke D. Trip, Jaap-Jan Zwaginga, Nilesh J. Samani, Nicholas A. Watkins, Patricia B. Maguire, Willem H. Ouwehand
Journal: Blood (2010)
The <scp>E</scp>uro<scp>P</scp>revall outpatient clinic study on food allergy: background and methodology
Authors: M. Fernández‐Rivas, L. Barreales, A. R. Mackie, P. Fritsche, S. Vázquez‐Cortés, M. Jedrzejczak‐Czechowicz, M. L. Kowalski, M. Clausen, D. Gislason, A. Sinaniotis, E. Kompoti, T.‐M. Le, A. C. Knulst, A. Purohit, F. de Blay, T. Kralimarkova, T. Popov, R. Asero, S. Belohlavkova, S. L. Seneviratne, R. Dubakiene, J. Lidholm, K. Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, P. Burney, R. Crevel, M. Brill, C. Fernández‐Pérez, S. Vieths, E. N. Clare Mills, R. van Ree, B. K. Ballmer‐Weber
Journal: Allergy (2015)

The EuroPrevall project aimed to develop effective management strategies in food allergy through a suite of interconnected studies and a multidisciplinary integrated approach. To address some of the gaps in food allergy diagnosis, allergen risk management and socio-economic impact and to complement the EuroPrevall population-based surveys, a cross-sectional study in 12 outpatient clinics across Europe was conducted. We describe the study protocol.Patients referred for immediate food adverse reactions underwent a consistent and standardized allergy work-up that comprised collection of medical history; assessment of sensitization to 24 foods, 14 inhalant allergens and 55 allergenic molecules; and confirmation of clinical reactivity and food thresholds by standardized double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs) to milk, egg, fish, shrimp, peanut, hazelnut, celeriac, apple and peach.A standardized methodology for a comprehensive evaluation of food allergy was developed and implemented in 12 outpatient clinics across Europe. A total of 2121 patients (22.6% <14 years) reporting 8257 reactions to foods were studied, and 516 DBPCFCs were performed.This is the largest multicentre European case series in food allergy, in which subjects underwent a comprehensive, uniform and standardized evaluation including DBPCFC, by a methodology which is made available for further studies in food allergy. The analysis of this population will provide information on the different phenotypes of food allergy across Europe, will allow to validate novel in vitro diagnostic tests, to establish threshold values for major allergenic foods and to analyse the socio-economic impact of food allergy.
Prediction of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative ablation using three tumor markers
Authors: Ryosuke Tateishi, Shuichiro Shiina, Haruhiko Yoshida, Takuma Teratani, Shuntaro Obi, Noriyo Yamashiki, Hideo Yoshida, Masatoshi Akamatsu, Takao Kawabe, Masao Omata
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Three tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are available in daily practice in Japan: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3). To elucidate the predictability of these tumor markers on HCC recurrence after curative ablation, we enrolled 416 consecutive patients with naïve HCC who had been treated by percutaneous ablation at our department from July 1997 to December 2002. Tumor marker levels were determined immediately before and 2 months after the treatment. Complete ablation was defined on CT findings as nonenhancement in the entire lesion with a safety margin. Tumor recurrence was also defined as newly developed lesions on CT that showed hyperattenuation in the arterial phase with washout in the late phase. We assessed the predictability of recurrence via tumor markers in multivariate analysis, using proportional hazard regression after adjusting for other significant factors in univariate analysis. Until the end of follow-up, tumor recurrence was identified in 277 patients. Univariate analysis revealed the following factors to be significant for recurrence: platelet count; size and number of tumors; AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP preablation; and AFP and AFP-L3 postablation. Multivariate analysis indicated that AFP &gt;100 ng/mL and AFP-L3 &gt;15%, both pre- and postablation, were significant predictors. The positivity of AFP and AFP-L3 preablation that turned negative postablation was not significant. In conclusion , tumor markers pre- and post-ablation were significant predictors for HCC recurrence and can complement imaging modalities in the evaluation of treatment efficacy.
Some theoretical and practical implications of defining aptitude and reasoning in terms of each other
Authors: Adam S. Goodie, Cristina C. Williams
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Stanovich &amp; West continue a history of norm-setting that began with deference to reasonable people's opinions, followed by adherence to probability theorems. They return to deference to reasonable people, with aptitude test performance substituting for reasonableness. This allows them to select independently among competing theories, but defines reasoning circularly in terms of aptitude, while aptitude is measured using reasoning.
(60) Anetoderma of Jadassohn
Authors: A. Walker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article (60) Anetoderma of Jadassohn Get access A. Walker, Dr A. Walker, Dr Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Royal Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s30, 1 July 1986, Page 102, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb07755.x Published: 01 July 1986
ERISA Litigation and Physician Autonomy
Authors: Peter D. Jacobson, Scott D. Pomfret
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), enacted in 1974 to regulate pension and health benefit plans, is a complex statute that dominates the managed care environment. Physicians must understand ERISA's role in the relationship between themselves and managed care organizations (MCOs), including how it can influence clinical decision making and physician autonomy.This article describes ERISA's central provisions and how ERISA influences health care delivery in MCOs. We analyze ERISA litigation trends in 4 areas: professional liability, utilization management, state legislative initiatives, and compensation arrangements. This analysis demonstrates how courts have interpreted ERISA to limit physician autonomy and subordinate clinical decision making to MCOs' cost containment decisions. Physicians should support efforts to amend ERISA, thus allowing greater state regulatory oversight of MCOs and permitting courts to hold MCOs accountable for their role in medical decision making.
Human health and chemical mixtures: an overview.
Authors: D O Carpenter, K F Arcaro, B Bush, W D Niemi, S Pang, D D Vakharia
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Unlike laboratory animals, people are rarely exposed to a single hazardous chemical. However, most of the information documenting adverse human health effects from environmental and occupational contaminants has come from studies focused on exposure to single chemicals, and there is little information available on how two or more contaminants affect humans. Most information on the effects of mixtures comes from animal systems and limited investigations of isolated human cells in culture, even though the study of mixtures in such systems has also been neglected. Two or more compounds may show additive, antagonistic, or synergistic interactions or may act on totally different systems and thus not interact. Furthermore, even a single chemical may have multiple effects and affect more than one organ system. Effects may vary with age, and metabolites may have totally different actions from the parent compound. This paper will review the variety of health effects in humans that may result from environmental contaminants and discuss how such contaminants may interact with each other. We will also present examples on how different contaminants interact from toxicologic studies of polychlorinated biphenyls performed as part of our Albany, New York, Superfund Basic Research Program project.
HIGHER ADIPOSITY EXPOSURE SINCE CHILDHOOD IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN YOUNG FEMALES: THE ALSPAC STUDY
Authors: Frida Dangardt, Marietta Charakida, Tauseef Khan, Alicja Rapala, George Davey-Smith, Deborah Lawlor, John Deanfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PERSISTENCE OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL CELL WALLS RELATED TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF RABBIT DERMAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: Sarkis H. Ohanian, John H. Schwab
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Antibodies specific for the mucopeptide and group-specific C polysaccharide antigens of Group A streptococcal cell walls were prepared by acid dissociation of immune precipitates, and labeled with either fluorescein or (125)I. Employing both fluorescent and radioautographic procedures the persistence of the antigens was followed in skin sites injected with cell wall fragments. Both antigens persisted within macrophages for at least 54 days in those animals which developed no chronic tissue response. In animals which did develop chronic nodular lesions the concentration of antigen decreased as the inflammatory process subsided. Lesion activity was thus associated with the presence of cell wall material. The fate of these antigens was also determined following the intradermal injection of intact Group A streptococcal cells. Cell wall antigens persisted in the tissue site considerably longer than morphologically identifiable streptococci, indicating that cell wall fragments are released during dismantling of streptococci in phagocytic cells.
Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessing Patency and Function of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts
Authors: Michel A. Galjee, Albert C. van Rossum, Teddo Doesburg, Machiel J. van Eenige, Cees A. Visser
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Previous studies have demonstrated the high sensitivity and moderate specificity of standard magnetic resonance (MR) spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) techniques in predicting the patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. These techniques, however, do not provide quantitative information. Therefore, the objectives of this study were first to investigate whether MR cine GE images, performed in addition to standard SE images, have additional value for the assessment of graft patency and second to assess the graft function by measuring the flow pattern and flow rate with MR phase velocity imaging. Methods and Results Forty-seven patients with previous histories of coronary artery bypass grafting underwent angiography and MR SE and cine GE phase velocity imaging. SE and GE images were evaluated by three independent observers blinded to the angiographic results. The spatial mean velocity and volume flow were measured and repeated for each image at consecutive 50-millisecond intervals throughout the cardiac cycle. The 47 patients had 98 proximal aortotomies, of which 60 were single and 38 sequential grafts. Seventy-three grafts were patent; 25 were occluded. Eighty-four grafts (86%) were eligible for comparison of the results of SE and GE images. Assessment of patency was inconclusive on SE images in 7 grafts (5 occluded by angiography) and on GE images in 7 grafts (2 occluded). A comparison of the results of contrast angiography and SE and GE MR imaging techniques showed that both techniques had a high sensitivity (both 98%) and somewhat lower specificity (85% and 88%, respectively) for graft patency. Combined analysis of the SE and GE images did not improve the accuracy. The strength of the interobserver agreement on GE images was good (κ=0.66), whereas on SE images the agreement was moderate (κ=0.51). Adequate MR phase velocity profiles were obtained in 62 (85%) of the 73 angiographically patent grafts. Graft flow was characterized by a balanced biphasic forward flow pattern. The volume flow of sequential grafts to 3 regions (136±106 mL/min) was significantly higher than in single grafts (63±41 mL/min, P &lt;.01). Conclusions Considering the good interobserver agreement and the 85% success rate of quantitative flow measurements, cine GE phase velocity mapping is a promising clinical tool in the noninvasive assessment of graft patency and function.
Electrophysiologic findings after Fontan repair of functional single ventricle
Authors: Cheryl C. Kürer, Carol S. Tanner, Victoria L. Vetter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)

Cardiac arrhythmias are well recognized sequelae of the Fontan operation for complex congenital anomalies. In this study the electrophysiologic effects of the Fontan procedure were evaluated in 30 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization with electrophysiologic study 1.9 ± 1.3 years (mean ± SD) after modified Fontan repair for functional single ventricle. Abnormalities of sinus node or ectopic pacemaker automaticity were detected in 50% (15 patients) by determination of a prolonged corrected sinus node or pacemaker recovery time. Total sinoatrial conduction time was prolonged in 50% of the patients with normal sinus rhythm. Sinus noue or ectopic atrial pacemaker function was entirely normal in only 43% of patients. The predominant atrial rhythm was normal sinus in 70% and ectopic atrial or junctional in 30%. Abnormalities of atrial effective and functional refractory periods were noted in 43% of patients and were most pronounced at faster paced cycle lengths. Atrial endocardial catheter mapping revealed intraatrial conduction delays between adjacent sites in 76% of the patients tested and in eight of nine patients with inducible intraatrial reentry. Programmed atrial simulation induced nonsustained supraventricular arrhythmias in 10% of the 30 patients and sustained arrhythmias in 27%. Intraatrial reentry was the most common inducible arrhythmia and was present in seven of the eight patients with sustained and two of the three patients with nonsustained atrial arrhythmias. Atrioventricular conduction abnormalities were noted in 10% (three patients). No patient had inducible ventricular arrhythmias with programmed ventricular stimulation. The electrophysiologic findings after Fontan repair include abnormal sinus node function, prolonged atrial refractoriness, delayed intraatrial conduction and inducible atrial arrhythmias. The predictive value of electrophysiologic testing in this group of patients is unknown. Further study and continued clinical follow-up are essential to determine which patients will be at risk for the development of late life-threatening arrhythmias.
CRYPTORCHIDISM, WITH A REPORT OF TWO CASES OF NATURAL EUNUCHS.
Authors: HENRY G. ANTHONY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The congenital absence of the testicle from the scrotum, or cryptorchidism, as this condition is called, is a subject rich in literature, for it has attracted the attention of physicians for three hundred years. <h3>CASES IN HISTORY.</h3> The early writings require no special consideration, inasmuch as they have been thoroughly reviewed by Godard,<sup>1</sup>whose thesis on this subject, published at Paris in 1858, serves as the basis of all future studies of this question. A copy of this thesis constitutes one of the many priceless treasures of Dr. Nicholas Senn's collection in the Newberry Library. Godard states that the first case of which there is any record of an absence of both testicles was reported by Cabrol, in 1564. The individual was a soldier, who was executed for an attempt at rape. On postmortem examination the epididymes were found present, but there was no trace of either testicle. Cabrol