tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A CONTROLLED CLINICAL TEST OF INFLUENZA A VACCINE
Authors: GILBERT DALLDORF
Journal: JAMA (1941)

During late January 1941 a small epidemic of influenza occurred among the employees of Grasslands Hospital, one half of whom had been vaccinated with the "complex chick embryo influenza A vaccine" developed by Horsfall and Lennette.<sup>1</sup> Vaccine had been administered to 415 of 826 employees of the institution on December 11 and 12. Scattered cases of influenza appeared several weeks later. The epidemic reached its peak during the seventy-two hours commencing January 31, at which time 32 of the 77 identified cases were reported (chart 1). Of the 77 employees who contracted the disease 32 had been vaccinated and 45 had not. Every patient was examined by us, and whenever possible blood samples were taken during the acute stage of the disease and again during convalescence. No effort was made to recover the virus, one of our purposes being to institute simple and inexpensive procedures which would suffice to
Hypersensitivity to Insulin During Remissions in Cyclosporin-Treated IDDM Patients
Authors: Rémy G Burcelin, Mohamed Eddouks, Michel Beylot, Sylvie Normand, Christian Boitard, Gilles Feutren, Paul Landais, Jean Paul Riou, Jean R Girard, Jean François Bach, Roger I Assan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE— To test the sensitivity to insulin in recent-onset IDDM patients, its course according to treatment, and the advent of remissions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was used in 54 recent-onset IDDM patients and 14 healthy control subjects. Patients were tested after 1,2, and 4 wk of treatment with either insulin or insulin plus cyclosporin A, during cyclosporin A-associated long-lasting remissions, and during relapses. RESULTS— Insulin sensitivity was markedly decreased in all patients at onset. It was rapidly restored by insulin therapy, whether immunosuppression was associated with it or not. Insulin sensitivity was even higher than normal in the remission patients, who also were characterized by the reappearance of some endogenous insulin secretion and the sustained normalization of blood glucose profiles. During relapses, the deterioration of the blood glucose profiles was associated with some loss of insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS— Cyclosporin A-associated remissions represent an original situation that associates euglycemia with the persistence of low endogenous insulin secretion. Cyclosporin A by itself had no influence on sensitivity to insulin, but allowed the reappearance of some insulin secretory capacity that contributed, with the improvement of insulin sensitivity, to the development of the diabetes honeymoon. The secretion of endogenous insulin, although lower than normal, was sufficient to secure a high sensitivity to insulin and the maintenance of normal blood glucose profiles, presumably because of the fact that insulin was released directly into the portal vein in these conditions. This metabolic state was precarious: the optimal sensitivity to insulin disappeared in patients who relapsed. These results have important clinical consequences: the preservation of islet residual secretory capacity by the use of newer nontoxic immunosuppressive protocols, combined with a minimal supportive insulin therapy in remission patients, may prolong remissions and maintain an optimal insulin sensitivity.
Letter: Viruses and the heart.
Authors: J H Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Drugs Taken during First Mothers of Babies Mothers of Trimester of Pregnancy with Malformations Control Babies Hormonal pregnancy test used: Fe and/or folic acid (no other drugs) 10 1 Fe and/or folic acid and one or more other drugs 4 1 One or more other drugs (no Fe or folic acid) 6 3 No other drugs 3 3 Total (hormonal pregnancy test) 23 8 Hormonal pregnancy test not used: Fe and/or folic acid (no other drugs) 40 53
Retinal Hemorrhages Associated with High Altitude
Authors: Sankaranarayana P Mahesh, Jeevan R Mathura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 50-year-old man presented with blurry vision and scotomas in his right eye immediately after a 2-week hiking trip in the Andes at an altitude of 19,600 ft (6000 m). During the 2 weeks, he was taking acetazolamide in an effort to prevent altitude sickness and reported having no symptoms during his hike. On examination, his visual acuity was 20/50 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. He had no afferent pupillary defect and had normal color vision and brightness perception in both eyes. Ophthalmoscopy revealed foveal hemorrhages in the right eye (Panel A) and peripapillary intraretinal . . .
UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO TERMINATE VT BY ATP PREDICTS POOR CLINICAL OUTCOME IN MADIT CRT TRIAL
Authors: Michal Gibinski, Amin Al-Ahmad, Valentina Kutyifa, Scott McNitt, Ilan Goldenberg, Paul Wang, Helmut Klein, Arthur J. Moss, Wojciech Zareba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Sexual development in childhood and its problems.
Authors: M Capes
Journal: BMJ (1972)

which he carried out as part of his full-time contract.He also spent some time teaching undergraduates from the neighbour- ing teaching hospital and was also concerned with post- graduate teaching.But, he added, the administration of the divisions had been eased considerably by the allocation of an assistant hospital secretary to them.Dr. Erridge summed up his view of Cogwheel by saying that some divisional decisions, such as reorganizing in- patient notes, could still take two years to implement.On the whole, however, clinicians were now much more willing to consider the needs and views of others, and they were much better informed about their own needs.Even so, in his hospital Cogwheel had so far had little direct effect on the in- dividual patient.
Altered Composition Of Gut Microflora In Wheezing Infants From Cartagena, A Tropical City Of Colombia
Authors: J. Zakzuk, G. Solano-Aguilar, J. Sanchez, N. Acevedo, A. Bornacelly, H. Ets, L. Caraballo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Sebaceous Gland Secretion
Authors: Bill Cunliffe, Sam Shuster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article Sebaceous Gland Secretion Get access Bill Cunliffe, Bill Cunliffe Department of Dermatology Royal Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sam Shuster Sam Shuster University Department of Dermatology, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 4, 1 April 1970, Pages 420–421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb06846.x Published: 01 April 1970
Prediction of acute mountain sickness
Authors: D Austin, J Sleigh
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Key messages* Obese individuals generally underreport food intake, but it is unknown whether the under- reporting is related to certain macronutrients * Actual intake of energy from protein can be calculated from 24 hour urinary nitrogen output and energy expenditure * This study shows that obese subjects under- report both total energy and protein intake, with 15% more underreporting of energy than protein * The results have implications for interpreting studies of effects of dietary intake on comor- bidities related to obesity * Future research is needed to identify valid biomarkers for total fat and complex and simple carbohydrates effects of dietary intake on comorbidities related to obesity.The results are consistent with the idea that even macronutrient densities may be biased with respect to obesity.If, in fact, the proportion of fat is differentially underreported by obese individuals, this would imply that previous studies showing positive associations between percentage energy from fat intake and health outcomes related to obesity may have overestimated the true effects.Future research is needed to identify valid dietary biomarkers for total fat and complex and simple carbohydrates.Such tech- niques are necessary to understand fully the nature of the bias in the Danish population sample shown here.
Distalgesic and paracetamol poisoning.
Authors: F G Hails, R M Whittington
Journal: BMJ (1978)

It is often argued that climbing neural activity, as for example reflected by the contingent negative variation (CNV) in the electroencephalogram, is the signature of the subjective experience of time. According to this view, the resolution of the CNV coincides with termination of subjective timing processes. Paradoxically, behavioral data indicate that participants keep track of timing even after the standard interval (SI) has passed. This study addresses whether timing continues after CNV resolution. In Experiment 1, human participants were asked to discriminate time intervals while evoked potentials (EPs) elicited by the sound terminating a comparison interval (CI) were measured. As the amplitude of N1P2 components increases as a function of the temporal distance from the SI, and the latency of the P2 component followed the hazard rate of the CIs, timing processes continue after CNV resolution. Based on a novel experimental paradigm, statistical model comparisons and trial-by-trial analyses, Experiment 2 supports this finding as subjective time is more accurately indexed by the amplitude of early EPs than by CNV amplitude. These results provide the first direct evidence that subjective timing of multisecond intervals does not depend on climbing neural activity as indexed by the CNV and that the subjective experience of time is better reflected by distinct features of post-CI evoked potentials.
The renin-angiotensin system and volume overload-induced changes in cardiac collagen and elastin.
Authors: M Ruzicka, F W Keeley, F H Leenen
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Besides cardiac load, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and aldosterone may regulate collagen accumulation during maturation or hypertrophic growth. The effect of cardiac volume overload on both left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) collagen and elastin and the possible role of the RAS in such changes have not yet been assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study we assessed (1) the effects of 4 to 10 weeks of volume overload by an aortocaval shunt or minoxidil on LV and RV collagen and elastin and (2) the potential of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril and the angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan to prevent and regress volume overload-induced changes in cardiac collagen and elastin. Cardiac volume overload by aortocaval shunt or minoxidil treatment decreased LV collagen accumulation as compared with control rats. In contrast, RV collagen accumulation was potentiated during the initial weeks but not during chronic aortocaval shunt. Enalapril and losartan prevented the relative decreases in LV collagen content and concentration induced by a shunt. Losartan also reversed the decrease in LV collagen content by aortocaval shunt. Neither blocker significantly affected the enhanced RV collagen accumulation during the initial weeks of shunt, but both blockers further potentiated RV collagen accumulation during chronic volume overload. Aortocaval shunt for 4 weeks but not 10 weeks enhanced LV and RV elastin accumulation. This initial increase in LV and RV elastin content was blocked by both enalapril and losartan. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac volume overload, even when accompanied by increased plasma renin activity, decreases LV collagen accumulation, suggesting that in contrast to the stimulatory effect of systolic wall stress, increased diastolic wall stress inhibits collagen accumulation. In support of this concept, enalapril and losartan decreased LV preload and maintained LV collagen accumulation. In contrast to LV collagen, RV collagen accumulation was potentiated during the initial weeks of volume overload, possibly related to acute RV pressure overload shortly after aortocaval shunt and its decrease with chronic shunt. Enalapril and losartan had minimal effect on the enhanced RV collagen during the initial weeks of aortocaval shunt but potentiated RV collagen during chronic shunt, possibly by decreasing RV diastolic pressures. Altogether, these data suggest that during cardiac volume overload, the RAS affects cardiac collagen primarily by its hemodynamic effects. The RAS, however, may potentiate RV and LV elastin accumulation during the initial weeks of volume overload since both enalapril and losartan block this increase.
Fingertip Hyperesthesia Due to Scouring Pad
Authors: Walter B. Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Often the introduction of a foreign object into the skin is an event well recognized and remembered by the patient. At other times the penetration is inapparent or disregarded and forgotten. In these latter instances the physician may be presented with the diagnostic problem of unexplained local tenderness. Even in the absence of one of the palpable painful growths, such as glomus tumor or leiomyoma, biopsy should be undertaken if sharply localized punctate sensitivity can be established. Such a procedure permitted recognition of silica from hair rollers as the cause of an obscure baffling fingertip hyperesthesia in one of our patients. 1 An equally valuable and even simpler approach is x-ray film examination of the soft tissue. With current radiologic technique even glass fragments may be sharply outlined. Alertness and belief in the possibility of a radiopaque foreign object is most important since we recall one of
My student elective. Babies and bananas: on foot in Rwanda.
Authors: R Elswood
Journal: BMJ (1979)

and conclusions In 12 patients whose neurological dysfunction was asso- ciated with thrombocytosis or evidence of abnormal platelet activation, or both, correction of the platelet disorder corresponded with reversal of the neurological symptoms.This suggests that platelet abnormalities may, in certain cases, produce several syndromes of neuro- logical dysfunction, presumably as a result of obstruction of the cerebral microcirculation.
Making the best use of administrative data
Authors: A. Steventon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

OBJECTIVE--To test the hypothesis that kidney stone disease is more frequent among hypertensive men when the effect of possible confounders is allowed for. DESIGN--Cross sectional study of a sample of the male working population conducted as part of the 10 year follow up of a nationwide survey of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. SETTING--The Olivetti factory in Pozzuoli, a suburban area of Naples. POPULATION--688 Male workers (87.9% of the male workforce) aged 21-68. INTERVENTIONS--Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, blood tests, and administration of a detailed questionnaire aimed at detecting a history of urolithiasis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Prevalence of a history of urolithiasis among normotensive and untreated and treated hypertensive men adjusted for the possible confounding effects of age, body mass index, renal function, and serum urate and total calcium concentrations. RESULTS--Of the 688 participants 509 were normotensive. Of the remainder, 118 had untreated and 61 treated hypertension. The overall prevalence of a history of urolithiasis was 16.3% (112/688). The relative risk of hypertensive subjects having a history of kidney stones was twice that of the normotensive group (odds ratio 2.11; 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 3.81), the risk being higher when only treated hypertensives were considered (odds ratio 3.16; 95% confidence interval 1.75 to 5.71). The prevalence of a history of urolithiasis was 13.4% (68/509) in the normotensive subjects, 20.3% (24/118) in the untreated hypertensives, and 32.8% (20/61) in the treated hypertensives (p less than 0.001). The age adjusted relative risk in treated hypertensive men was higher than that in the normotensive group (Mantel-Haenszel pooled estimate of odds ratio 2.63; 95% confidence interval 2.23 to 3.10). CONCLUSION--An independent clinical association exists between the occurrence of urolithiasis and hypertension. The increased urinary calcium excretion commonly detected in hypertension may be the pathogenetic link.
Lymphokine and nonlymphokine mRNA levels in stimulated human T cells. Kinetics, mitogen requirements, and effects of cyclosporin A.
Authors: A Granelli-Piperno, L Andrus, R M Steinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Northern and dot blotting with a panel of DNA probes were used to monitor the levels of specific mRNAs in mitogen-stimulated human T cells. The induction of IL-2 and IFN mRNAs required the synergistic action of PMA and either PHA or OKT3 mAb. In contrast, several nonlymphokine genes, the protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc, and the IL-2-R gene, were induced by either PHA or PMA alone. PHA increased the background levels of a 70 kD heat shock protein mRNA, but did not affect the observed background of c-myb mRNA. For all mRNAs that were induced, isolated CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets behaved similarly. Exogenous IL-2 had little (IFN) or no (IL-2) effect on lymphokine mRNAs, but significantly increased c-myc, IL-2-R and heat shock protein mRNAs. Therefore, the stimuli for lymphokine mRNAs differed from those required for several inducible nonlymphokine genes. IL-2 and IFN mRNAs exhibited some important similarities with c-myc, however. The levels of IL-2, IFN, and c-myc mRNA followed similar kinetics, peaking at 3 h in restimulated blasts and at 12 h in unstimulated T cells. The subsequent downregulation of lymphokine and c-myc mRNAs was retarded by cycloheximide. The induction of IL-2, IFN, and c-myc mRNAs was blocked by the immunosuppressive drug CsA, but not by the inactive analog CsH, and this block occurred at the level of nuclear transcription. Since the exogenous stimuli for lymphokine and c-myc gene expression differ, we suggest that intracellular controls must be shared to account for the similarities in their kinetics of expression and CsA sensitivity.
Rupture of the Renal Artery After Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
Authors: Shao-Ru Cho
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  Drs Olin and Wholey 1 reported a delayed and fatal complication that occurred nine days after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA).  We believe that there are probably many factors that may have caused this catastrophic complication and hasten to comment so that the potential benefits of the procedure are not overlooked. The ballon used may have been too large: we have taken measurements from the illustrations in the article. The main renal artery just distal to the occlusion in Fig 2 measures 2 mm in diameter. However, the inflated ballon in Fig 3 measures 4 mm in diameter. The magnification factor is minimal when one compares these two illustrations (the height of the L-2 vertebral body in Fig 2 is 11 mm while the one in Fig 3 is 13 mm). Utilizing all these figures, we calculate that the actual diameter of the renal artery on the
Recall, recognition, and the medial temporal lobes
Authors: Barbara J. Knowlton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Aggleton &amp; Brown predict that recognition and episodic recall depend on different brain systems and can thus be dissociated from one another. However, intact recall with impaired recognition has not yet been demonstrated if the same type of information is used in both tests. Current evidence suggests that processes underlying familiarity-based recognition are redundant with processes underlying episodic memory.
Most consultants deviate from asthma guidelines
Authors: A W Robins, B W Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--The British Thoracic Society recommends that children who need anti-inflammatory treatment should be given cromoglycate in the first instance (rather than inhaled steroids).1 We investigated our impression that few British consultant paediatricians use cromoglycate as first line treatment. We sent a questionnaire to 100 randomly selected general paediatricians. They were asked to consider “children aged between 3 and 7 years old who have never had preventive treatment before and who …
BioMarin Europe replies
Authors: A. Quartel, J. Lennertz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Among the inaccuracies in the open letter of Nicholl and colleagues,1 is the statement that the chemical 3,4-diaminopyridine base (3,4-DAP) has an excellent safety record. This cannot be substantiated by evidence since 3,4-DAP has not undergone systematic safety and toxicology testing nor does it have appropriate safety monitoring and pharmacovigilance systems in place to capture, analyse, and report such data. 3,4-DAP is not a generic drug but …
Tensions between policy makers and general practitioners in implementing new genetics: grounded theory interview study
Authors: S. Kumar, M. Gantley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To explore general practitioners9 perceptions of their role in implementing genetic technology. <b>Design:</b> Grounded theory interview study. <b>Setting:</b> Primary care. <b>Subjects:</b> Purposive sample of 30 general practitioners with a further theoretical sample of 14. <b>Results:</b> Inconsistencies were identified between policy makers9 and general practitioners9 definitions of general practitioners9 role in implementing the new genetics. General practitioners emphasised the need to build on current practice, whereas policy makers focused on transforming practice to include the new specialised roles and skills. Two core themes were identified: genetics in a generalist context, which included appropriate generalist intervention, the ethical dilemmas implicit in the "therapeutic gap," the familial-hereditary distinction in primary care, and the implications for generalist identity, including the potential marginalisation of generalism. <b>Conclusions:</b> New technologies such as genetics that require implementation in general practice should be integrated within existing generalist frameworks. <h3>Key messages</h3> Tensions exist between the role of general practitioners in implementing genetic advances identified by policy makers and that identified by general practitioners themselves General practitioners9 ability to integrate patient experiences with genetic and other biomedical knowledge is a key generalist skill New genetic technology should be integrated into existing generalist frameworks General practitioners identified ethical dilemmas associated with the therapeutic gap
Nutritional influences of pellagra on sebum composition
Authors: M. DOGLIOTTI, M. LIEBOWITZ, D.T. DOWNING, J.S. STRAUSS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Sebum composition has been measured in 51 patients with varying degrees of pellagra and compared with a control group of subjects in the same geographic area. In the pellagra group the wax ester percentage was 14.9 versus the normal of 21.9%. The squalene percentage was increased in the pellagra group (11.6%) versus a control value of 8.4%. A small increase in the percentage of cholesterol was also noted. These changes, which previously have been observed in starved but otherwise normal subjects, were reversible with adequate refeeding.
Computer aided positioning of manometric probe in the upper digestive tract.
Authors: M Bortolotti, G Bersani
Journal: Gut (1988)

A method not needing fluoroscopic control for positioning a manometric probe in the gastroduodenal tract is described. It is based on hydrostatic pressure variations occurring at each recording port of a multichannel perfused probe after changes in patient's position. The data are fed into a computer and the schematic representation of the probe showing its position and direction appear on the CRT screen. The results were visually and mathematically compared with those obtained with fluoroscopy and showed good correspondence between the two techniques in identification of the position of the probe.