tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methylarsonous Acid Transport by Aquaglyceroporins
Authors: Zijuan Liu, Miroslav Styblo, Barry P. Rosen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Many mammals methylate trivalent inorganic arsenic in liver to species that are released into the bloodstream and excreted in urine and feces. This study addresses how methylated arsenicals pass through cell membranes. We have previously shown that aquaglyceroporin channels, including Escherichia coli GlpF, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fps1p, AQP7, and AQP9 from rat and human, conduct trivalent inorganic arsenic [As(III)] as arsenic trioxide, the protonated form of arsenite. One of the initial products of As(III) methylation is methylarsonous acid [MAs(III)], which is considerably more toxic than inorganic As(III). In this study, we investigated the ability of GlpF, Fps1p, and AQP9 to facilitate movement of MAs(III) and found that rat aquaglyceroporin conducted MAs(III) at a higher rate than the yeast homologue. In addition, rat AQP9 facilitates MAs(III) at a higher rate than As(III). These results demonstrate that aquaglyceroporins differ both in selectivity for and in transport rates of trivalent arsenicals. In this study, the requirement of AQP9 residues Phe-64 and Arg-219 for MAs(III) movement was examined. A hydrophobic residue at position 64 is not required for MAs(III) transport, whereas an arginine at residue 219 may be required. This is similar to that found for As(III), suggesting that As(III) and MAs(III) use the same translocation pathway in AQP9. Identification of MAs(III) as an AQP9 substrate is an important step in understanding physiologic responses to arsenic in mammals, including humans.
Patient self care in acute asthma.
Authors: B Sibbald
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Psychosocial and other factors that may affect patient self care in acute asthma were investigated in 210 asthmatic adults recruited from general practice and hospital clinics. Interviews and self complete questionnaires were used to assess patients9 management of a hypothetical slow onset and rapid onset attack of asthma, attitudes to asthma, family support, psychiatric morbidity, recent asthma morbidity, and knowledge of drug treatment. The patients with the highest morbidity from asthma delayed longest before taking appropriate action in the hypothetical acute attack. One in four patients expressed strong feelings of stigma and pessimism about being asthmatic, but attitudes were only weakly associated with behaviour. Other factors showed no significant relation to self care. The results suggest that there is no single important factor or group of factors governing patients9 management of acute asthma. Health education might therefore prove more effective if it paid less attention to the possible cause or causes of poor self care and instead offered pragmatic advice on changing behaviour.
THE SURFACE TENSION OF URINE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ICTERUS
Authors: W. D. Donnan, F. G. Donnan
Journal: BMJ (1905)

puerperium; the effect of delivery on the remaining 33 is here shown:No effect, or fits ceased three hours before delivery ... ...2 Fits ceased at delivery, though frequent up till delivery ... 4 Fits mitigated after delivery, though severe just before delivery ... ...
Epidural Corticosteroid Injections in the Management of Sciatica
Authors: Rafael Zambelli Pinto, Chris G. Maher, Manuela L. Ferreira, Mark Hancock, Vinicius C. Oliveira, Andrew J. McLachlan, Bart Koes, Paulo H. Ferreira
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Existing guidelines and systematic reviews provide inconsistent recommendations on epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica. Key limitations of existing reviews are the inclusion of trials with active controls of unknown efficacy and failure to provide an estimate of the size of the treatment effect. Purpose: To determine the efficacy of epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica compared with placebo. Data Sources: International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL. Study Selection: Randomized, placebo-controlled trials assessing the efficacy of epidural corticosteroid injections in participants with sciatica. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Leg pain, back pain, and disability were converted to common scales from 0 (no pain or disability) to 100 (worst possible pain or disability). Thresholds for clinically important change in the range of 10 to 30 have been proposed for these outcomes. Effects were calculated for short-term (>2 weeks but ≤3 months) and long-term (≥12 months) follow-up. Data Synthesis: Data were pooled with a random-effects model, and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach was used in summary conclusions. Twenty-five published reports (23 trials) were included. The pooled results showed a significant, although small, effect of epidural corticosteroid injections compared with placebo for leg pain in the short term (mean difference, −6.2 [95% CI, −9.4 to −3.0]) and also for disability in the short term (mean difference, −3.1 [CI, −5.0 to −1.2]). The long-term pooled effects were smaller and not statistically significant. The overall quality of evidence according to the GRADE classification was rated as high. Limitation: The review included only English-language trials and could not incorporate dichotomous outcome measures into the analysis. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that epidural corticosteroid injections offer only short-term relief of leg pain and disability for patients with sciatica. The small size of the treatment effects, however, raises questions about the clinical utility of this procedure in the target population. Primary Funding Source: None.
Insulin given intranasally induces hypoglycaemia in normal and diabetic subjects.
Authors: A E Pontiroli, M Alberetto, A Secchi, G Dossi, I Bosi, G Pozza
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Regular or crystalline insulin with sodium glycocholate as surfactant administered intranasally to normal volunteers induced hypoglycaemia and an increase in serum immunoreactive insulin concentrations. Serum C-peptide concentrations decreased or remained unchanged. Insulin administered intravenously to three of these subjects yielded a potency ratio of 1:8 for intranasal and intravenous insulin. In four insulin-dependent diabetics a cross-over study was performed on different days, insulin being administered once intranasally and once subcutaneously in a ratio of 1:9. In these patients the intranasal insulin was more effective than the subcutaneous insulin in preventing hyperglycaemia after breakfast. In four other insulin-dependent diabetics 11-hours monitoring was performed twice on two different days, insulin being administered in divided dosage sufficient to achieve a reasonable glycaemic profile. The administration during the morning, whereas subcutaneous insulin was more effective than intranasal during the afternoon.
Intravenous Cimetidine or Two Regimens of Ranitidine to Reduce Fasting Gastric Acidity
Authors: WALTER L. PETERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Fasting gastric pH (acidity) was measured over a 10-hour period in six patients with duodenal ulcer disease. Fasting pH was measured in a control study during which no medications were administered and in response to 300 mg of intravenous cimetidine given every 6 hours or 50 mg of intravenous ranitidine given every 6 or 8 hours. Each regimen produced gastric pH levels significantly higher than those obtained when no medication was given. Although patterns of gastric pH differed among the medication regimens, and although the ranitidine regimens maintained pH at or above 5.0 more reliably than cimetidine, there were no significant differences in mean pH, median pH, or mean hydrogen ion concentration.
Cause of Death in Very Old People
Authors: V. A. Portnoi
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Kohn's suggestion to include a diagnosis of senescence as a cause of death in advanced age deserves several comments. Natural death secondary to the self-destruction of the aging organism is not a new idea, what is new is only the "set time" of natural death at age 85 years.<sup>1</sup>In the 17th century, old age was given as a cause in death certificates side by side with other causes such as fever, vomiting, convulsion, or fright. The time of death of old age was considered at slightly older than 60 years.<sup>2</sup>It was a time when tuberculosis was considered as an irreversible age-related condition, which is in the same vein as arteriosclerosis according to Kohn. Yet, a notable decline in mortality was observed during the last decade in the age group of 85 years and older. The death rate for this age group fell
Effects of Heart Rate on Left Atrial Pressure in Mitral Stenosis.
Authors: Emanuel Stein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Effects of Heart Rate on Left Atrial Pressure in Mitral Stenosis.Emanuel Stein, M.D., Sun H. Lau, M.D., Stafford I. Cohen, M.D., Richard H. Helfant, M.D., Jacob I. Haft, M.D., Anthony N. Damato, M.D.Emanuel Stein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Sun H. Lau, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Stafford I. Cohen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard H. Helfant, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jacob I. Haft, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Anthony N. Damato, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1163_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPrevious studies have shown that a marked increase in left atrial pressure occurs during exercise in patients with significant mitral stenosis. In 17 patients the percentage increase of left atrial pressure was linearly related to the percentage decrease of the A2-OS interval from rest to exercise. The question remained as to whether the exercise state with an associated increase in cardiac output, or heart rate alone with no increase in cardiac output but with a shortening of diastolic filling time, effected this change. Wedge pressures were recorded in five patients with mitral stenosis and four normal subjects, at rest, with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Staten Island, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1163-1164KeywordsCardiac outputExerciseHeart rateMitral stenosis Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Doctors portrayed as heroes
Authors: P. Neary
Journal: BMJ (1997)

It was difficult not to see Channel 4's new three part documentary series The Surgery as propaganda–very good propaganda, it has to be said, but propaganda nevertheless. Three seemingly excellent general practitioners are featured in a university practice situated in a deprived area of inner city Manchester. The strength of the first programme lay not in the “fly on the wall” format but in the extensive discussion of the role of the urban general practitioner by doctors Gabbay, Esmail, and Chew.

Superficially, these doctors had much in common. Unlike many general practices, where patients are able to choose a …
Women's views on ethical issues and patient information leaflets by women
Authors: J. Rakusen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Mrs Tew equates intranatal care by midwives and general practitioners with non-intervention.There was some intervention at home such as forceps and breech deliveries, though less than in hospital.Mrs Tew deplores the policy of admitting everybody to hospital for delivery because this policy eliminates evidence which could have helped her prove that delivery at home and in general practitioner units was safer than in hospital.Is this really an adequate reason for encouraging delivery at home ?Mrs Tew turns a blind eye to the fact that in 1946 when the first survey was conducted both maternal and perinatal mortality were extremely high in spite of 42% of all babies being born in the "safe" environment of home.In 1958, when
Quality of asthma care: results from a community pharmacy based survey
Authors: L. Laforest, E. Van Ganse, G. Devouassoux, S. Chretin, G. Bauguil, Y. Pacheco, G. Chamba
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Optimal control is a major objective of disease management of asthma. The aim of the present study was to provide descriptive data on disease management in asthma patients, including medical resource utilization. Methods: Asthma patients (age 18–50 years) were consecutively recruited in 348 dispensing pharmacies. They completed a questionnaire which collected data on personal characteristics, asthma management, including medical resource utilization, including asthma management. Asthma control was measured with the Asthma Control Test. Data from computerized pharmacy records of medications, dispensed before inclusion, were also collected. Results: In 1791 eligible patients, 1559 accepted to participate in the study (mean age = 36.5, 56.1% of females). During the previous 4 weeks, the asthma control was satisfactory for only 28% of the patients, despite extensive provision of anti‐inflammatory asthma control treatments (89%). Combinations of long acting beta agonists (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) were commonly used (59%), while fewer patients received LABA and ICS as two separate medications (15%). In addition, short‐acting beta agonists, were frequently dispensed (71%). A substantial number of patients consulted their GPs on a monthly basis. Patients commonly reported daily shortness of breath (30%), daily use of rescue medication (29%) and weekly nocturnal symptoms (32%). Surprisingly, most patients considered their asthma as completely or well controlled (76%). Conclusions: Our results clearly identify a need to improve the management of asthma. Education programmes would be beneficial to improve asthma control.
The Present Epidemic of Scarlet Fever in Bristol
Authors: D. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1875)

however, particularly in the unmarried, that the cervix will just allow the uterine sound to pass through a mucous membrane so diseased as not to be willing to get well unless it be touched with a strong acid.After applying the acid nitrate of mercury or nitric acid to the cervical canal in such cases, the practitioner had better examine the patient every week, and pass into the cervical canal a pencil laden with a solution of nitrate of silver, or, at the end of two or three months, he would have the annoyance to find that his treatment has induced cer- vical stricture.A third and less numerous class of patients comprise women in whom long continue(d chronic cervicitis is accompaniedl by considerable hard hypertrophy of the cervix, inflammation of the mucous mem- brane having caused its surrounding tissues to become hypertrophied.Sometimes the enlargement of both the body and the neck of the womb appears to have begun in defective uterine involution.At all events, when I am consulted on such cases, they have lasted seven or eight years, or loniger, to the misery of the patienit, to the calamity of the family, and to the opprobrium of the profession, for such cases go the round of all those who are accepted as authorities for diseases of women.The patients do not get cuired, because consulting men have no faith in the on-ly way of curing suclh cases -the appli- cation of potassa fusa cum calce, or some equally strong caustic, to the cervical canal.Dr. H-I.Bennet put this forcibly before the profession twenty years ago.He made converts of Sir James Simpson anld of many eminent practitioners in this and in other countries and I discussed, in the best way I could, this mode of treat-
TCT-528 Clinical Syntax Score And Long-Term Outcome After Successful Primary PCI
Authors: Andreas Synetos, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Antonios Karanasos, Charalampia Nikolaou, Archontoula Michelongona, Dimosthenes Panagiotakos, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Costas Tsioufis, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Quantitative Relationship Between the Extent and Morphology of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque and Downstream Myocardial Perfusion
Authors: Masanao Naya, Venkatesh L. Murthy, Ron Blankstein, Arkadiusz Sitek, Jon Hainer, Courtney Foster, Mariya Gaber, Jolene M. Fantony, Sharmila Dorbala, Marcelo F. Di Carli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Mammalian hairy and Enhancer of Split Homolog 1 Regulates Differentiation of Retinal Neurons and Is Essential for Eye Morphogenesis
Authors: Koichi Tomita, Makoto Ishibashi, Kiyoshi Nakahara, Siew-Lan Ang, Shigetada Nakanishi, François Guillemot, Ryoichiro Kageyama
Journal: Neuron (1996)
Transplantations fall in Israel as new law complicates procedures
Authors: T. Traubmann
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<i>Background:</i> The beneficial effect of interferon beta on exacerbations in relapsing-remitting MS has been demonstrated repeatedly, but results concerning disability vary. <i>Objective:</i> This multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study tested two doses of interferon beta-1a in patients with secondary progressive MS, which may include relapses but is dominated by accumulating disability. <i>Methods:</i> A total of 618 patients received subcutaneous placebo or interferon beta-1a, 22 or 44 μg three times weekly for 3 years. Patients were assessed every 3 months. <i>Results:</i> The primary outcome, time to confirmed progression in disability, was not significantly affected by treatment (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.07; <i>p</i> = 0.146 for 44 μg versus placebo). Relapse rate was reduced from 0.71 per year with placebo to 0.50 per year with treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for both doses). Significant treatment effects were seen on other exacerbation-related outcomes and on a composite measure incorporating five separate clinical and MRI outcomes. The hazard ratio for time to progression for the combined interferon beta-1a groups compared with placebo was 0.74 among patients reporting relapses in the 2 years before study (<i>p</i> = 0.055), and 1.01 for those without prestudy relapses (<i>p</i> = 0.934). An unexpected treatment-by-sex interaction favored women. The drug was well tolerated. <i>Conclusions:</i> Treatment with interferon beta-1a did not significantly affect disability progression in this cohort, although significant treatment benefit was observed on exacerbation-related outcomes. Exploratory post hoc analyses suggested greater benefit in women and in patients who had reported at least one relapse in the 2 years before the study.
Flow patterns in a model of a contracting muscle
Authors: S. Rodbard, N. Handel, L. Sadja
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

A permeable flexible 'capillary' enclosed with fluid in a compliant capsule simulated the muscle. Transmural pressure determined capillary conductance (flow/pressure). Capsular compression ('contraction') collapsed the capillary, reduced conductance, and filtered fluid back into the capillary. Decompression dropped intracapsular pressure, and conductance increased (hyperaemia). Effects of strength, duration, number of compressions, arterial, and venous pressures resembled results in man.
A CERTIFIED MILK BORNE PARATYPHOID OUTBREAK
Authors: HUNTINGTON WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

During a period of two months, from March 5 to May 8, 1924, there occurred an outbreak of acute gastro-enteritis among a group of about sixty infants and young children in New Rochelle, N. Y., and nine neighboring communities. There were no fatal cases in this outbreak. The New York State Department of Health was called on to assist in the investigation and suppression of the outbreak, which was found to be one of paratyphoid fever caused by a milker on a certified dairy farm, who was discovered to be an enteric carrier of Bacillus paratyphosus B.  SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS  The investigation included fifty case histories, information for which was secured in each instance either from the family physician or from the parents.  Symptomatology.  —The commonest symptom was diarrhea, and this occurred in forty-eight cases. It was severe in twenty-four cases, lasted from three to twenty-five days, and averaged seven
Diagnosis of Urinoma by MAG3 Scintigraphy in a Renal Transplant Patient
Authors: MARK TULCHINSKY, AJAY R. MALPANI, DOUGLAS F. EGGLI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Technetium-99m MAGS is a new renal tracer that has been proposed to replace combination of I-131 ortholodohippurate and Tc-99m DTPA in the evaluation of patients with renal transplants. One concern raised in the literature is that diagnosing urine leaks may be hampered by the fact that MAG3 may be excreted in the gut, simulating a urine leak. Attention should be directed to the fact that a minimal amount of MAG3 is excreted with bile and appears first in the upper small bowel—a pattern distinctly different from a transplant urine leak or urinoma. The authors present a typical example of urinoma appearance on MAG3 scintigraphy. The high urinary concentration of the tracer facilitated prompt and facile identification of the urinoma.
Abstract 2948: Nicotine-induced expression of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer cells is mediated by E2F1 and STAT-1 upregulation: Relevance to smoking and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sateesh S. Kunigal, Surinder K. Batra, Srikumar P. Chellappan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The membrane-bound mucins belong to an ever-increasing family of O-glycoproteins. Based on their structure and localization at the cell surface they are thought to play important biological roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and cell signaling. The human mucin gene MUC4 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and cancer cell lines, while remaining undetectable in the normal pancreas, indicating its potential role in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. Smoking has been correlated with pancreatic cancer, even though the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Attempts were made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of MUC4 gene expression by nicotine as well as cytokines. In this report, we used pancreatic cancer cell lines CD18 as well as PANC1 stimulated with nicotine to identify the signaling pathways and transcription factors regulating MUC4 expression. Through chromatin immunoprecipiation assay and real-time PCR, we found that transcription factors E2F1 and STAT1 can positively regulate MUC4 expression. Additionally, the effect is abrogated by short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of E2F1 and STAT-1 expression, supporting pivotal role played by E2F1 and STAT-1 in MUC4 regulation. The same molecules were responsible for MUC4 induction by nicotine in combination with IFN- and RA. Inhibiting the acetylacholinergic receptors with inhibitors reversed the effects of nicotine stimulation. Similarly, the induction was dependent on the PI3 kinase as well as Src signaling pathways. Additionally, nicotine treatment alone and in combination with IFN- and RA activates and relocalizes signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) via phosphorylating Jak2 at the tyrosine residue to induce MUC4. These results suggest that nicotine alone and also in combination with IFN- and RA, upregulates the MUC4 expression involving JAK-STAT pathway. In conclusion, our findings identify novel mechanisms for MUC4 regulation in pancreatic cancer cells and will be helpful understanding the transcriptional regulation of MUC4 in response to exposure to nicotine and tobacco smoke. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2948.