tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Best books on counselling: a personal choice
Authors: R. Churchill, S. Cocksedge
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Counselling has different meanings for different people. At one extreme it may suggest giving advice and information in a brief discussion, while at the other it can imply a long term formal therapeutic intervention based on dialogue. Doctors are likely to regard the use of basic listening/counselling skills in the first context as part of their daily work. The second, engaging in a continuing counselling process, is generally the province of trained counsellors.

Counsellors have been increasingly employed in all parts of the NHS during the past decade. They are particularly valued in primary care, where so much psychosocial morbidity presents. All health professionals need to understand the role of counselling, the circumstances in which it is appropriate, and its potential benefits and limitations.

Integrative Counselling Skills in Action. S Culley. (£9.95.) Sage, 1991. ISBN 0 8039 82771.

** The Theory and Practice of Counselling Psychology. R Nelson-Jones. (£19.99.) Cassell, 1982. ISBN 0 304 31500 1.

** Handbook of Individual Therapy. Ed W Dryden. (£16.95.) Sage, 1996. ISBN 0 8039 …
Prognosis in Medically Stabilized Unstable Angina: Early Holter ST-Segment Monitoring Compared with Predischarge Exercise Thallium Tomography
Authors: J D Marmur, M R Freeman, A Langer, P W Armstrong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To assess the relative value of invasive and noninvasive predictors of outcome in patients after unstable angina. Design: Cohort of 54 patients with unstable angina who had 6-month follow-up after stabilization on medical therapy. Setting: University-based hospital, tertiary referral center. Patients: Consecutive patients with unstable angina whose symptoms resolved while receiving medical therapy. Measurements and Main Results: We prospectively compared 24-hour Holter ST-segment monitoring at admission, quantitative exercise thallium tomography, and cardiac catheterization 5 ± 2 days after admission and analyzed their value for predicting a cardiac event in patients with unstable angina within 6 months. When patients with a favorable outcome (n = 40) were compared with patients with an unfavorable outcome (n = 11) no statistical difference was found in duration of ST shift of 1 mm or more on Holter monitoring (51 ± 119 min compared with 37 ± 43 min), exercise duration by the standard Bruce protocol (8.0 ± 3.6 min compared with 7.9 ± 3.1 min), exercise-induced ST depression (0.6 ± 0.9 mm compared with 1.0 ± 1.0 mm), and contrast left ventricular ejection fraction (70% ± 10% compared with 69% ± 15%). Patients with a favorable outcome were distinguished from those with an unfavorable outcome by a higher maximum rate-pressure product (24 x 103 ± 6 x 103 compared with 18 x 103 ± 7 x 103, P = 0.0025), smaller size of the reversible scintigraphic perfusion defect expressed as a percentage of total myocardium imaged (6% ± 11% compared with 17% ± 18%, P = 0.05) and a smaller number of vessels with stenosis of 50% or more (1.1 ± 1.2 compared with 2.1 ± 1.0, P = 0.01). On multiple logistic regression analysis, a history of previous myocardial infarction was the most powerful predictor of outcome. In patients without myocardial infarction, reversible exercise thallium perfusion defect size was the only predictor. Conclusion: After stabilization of an episode of unstable angina, quantitative tomographic exercise thallium scintigraphy has greater value for risk stratification than Holter ST-segment monitoring, particularly in patients who have not had a previous infarction.
KIT Signaling Governs Differential Sensitivity of Mature and Primitive CML Progenitors to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Amie S. Corbin, Thomas O'Hare, Zhimin Gu, Ira L. Kraft, Anna M. Eiring, Jamshid S. Khorashad, Anthony D. Pomicter, Tian Y. Zhang, Christopher A. Eide, Paul W. Manley, Jorge E. Cortes, Brian J. Druker, Michael W. Deininger
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Imatinib and other BCR-ABL1 inhibitors are effective therapies for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but these inhibitors target additional kinases including KIT, raising the question of whether off-target effects contribute to clinical efficacy. On the basis of its involvement in CML pathogenesis, we hypothesized that KIT may govern responses of CML cells to imatinib. To test this, we assessed the growth of primary CML progenitor cells under conditions of sole BCR-ABL1, sole KIT, and dual BCR-ABL1/KIT inhibition. Sole BCR-ABL1 inhibition suppressed mature CML progenitor cells, but these effects were largely abolished by stem cell factor (SCF) and maximal suppression required dual BCR-ABL1/KIT inhibition. In contrast, KIT inhibition did not add to the effects of BCR-ABL1 inhibition in primitive progenitors, represented by CD34+38− cells. Long-term culture-initiating cell assays on murine stroma revealed profound depletion of primitive CML cells by sole BCR-ABL1 inhibition despite the presence of SCF, suggesting that primitive CML cells are unable to use SCF as a survival factor upon BCR-ABL1 inhibition. In CD34+38+ cells, SCF strongly induced pAKTS473 in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–dependent manner, which was further enhanced by inhibition of BCR-ABL1 and associated with increased colony survival. In contrast, pAKTS473 levels remained low in CD34+38− cells cultured under the same conditions. Consistent with reduced response to SCF, KIT surface expression was significantly lower on CD34+38− compared with CD34+38+ CML cells, suggesting a possible mechanism for the differential effects of SCF on mature and primitive CML progenitor cells. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5775–86. ©2013 AACR.
The Angiotensin Infusion Test in the Differential Diagnosis of Curable Hypertension.
Authors: Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965The Angiotensin Infusion Test in the Differential Diagnosis of Curable Hypertension.Norman M. Kaplan, M.D., F.A.C.P., Jack G. Silah, M.D., Warren E. Goorno, M.D.Norman M. Kaplan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Jack G. Silah, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Warren E. Goorno, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1095_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe pressor response to intravenous angiotensin II has been measured in patients with various hypertensive diseases, including renovascular hypertension, primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, and coarctation of the aorta. The procedure has been of value in solving the following clinical problems: (1) Establishing whether renal vascular lesions are the cause of renovascular hypertension. More angiotensin has been required to induce a 20 mm Hg rise in diastolic blood pressure in all 24 patients with functionally significant renovascular disease than in any patient with essential hypertension (135 patients) or hypertension associated with chronic renal parenchymal disease (32 patients). Nine patients with renal vascular... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dallas, Texas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByREFERENCES 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1095-1095KeywordsAortaBlood pressureChronic kidney diseaseHypertensionLesionsPheochromocytomaRenal diseases Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Cure of Recurrent Cystitis
Authors: Robert S. Gould
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cystitis, like the common cold, is not usually fatal and receives rather cursory attention. This study, which challenges some of the theorems regarding therapy of urinary-tract infections in women, is based on the careful evaluation of the cases of 50 consecutive patients from my private practice. All have had recurrent urinary-tract infections characterized by at least three infections prior to the patient's appearance in my office, and a fourth infection, documented by urine culture, of more than 100,000 pathogenic organisms. The study was correlated with a group of 525 consecutive female patients seen in the emergency room at Marlboro Hospital for problems other than urinary-tract infections. This latter group, used as a control, filled out a questionnaire asking if they had previously had a bladder or kidney infection, if they had previously been treated for urinary infection with antibiotic medications and for how long, and whether they
Comparative estimates of immunisation coverage from three different sources: results from the SM2015 evaluation
Authors: K Ellicott Colson, Marielle C Gagnier, Erin Palmisano, Dharani Ranganathan, Paola Zúñiga-Brenes, Diego Ríos-Zertuche, Pablo Ibarraran, Tasha Murphy, Brent W Anderson, Benito Salvatierra, Austreberta Nazar, Carlos J Conde-Glez, Bernardo Hernández-Prado, Rafael Lozano, Ali H Mokdad
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Clinical Features of Coxsackie Group B Virus Infections.
Authors: Malcolm S. Artenstein, Francis C. Cadigan, Edward L. Buescher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Clinical Features of Coxsackie Group B Virus Infections.Malcolm S. Artenstein, M.D. (Associate), Francis C. Cadigan Jr., Edward L. BuescherMalcolm S. Artenstein, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Francis C. Cadigan Jr.Search for more papers by this author, Edward L. BuescherSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1088_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince the report of their discovery in 1948, 30 distinct serotypes of Coxsackie viruses have been described. Coxsackie A viruses have been causally related to the syndromes of herpangina, aseptic meningitis, and "hand, foot, and mouth" type of exanthem. The six Coxsackie B viruses have been found to cause epidemics of pleurodynia and aseptic meningitis and encephalomyocarditis of infants. In addition, many reports have implicated the Coxsackie B viruses in some cases of acute benign pericarditis, myocarditis, polio-like infection, and orchitis.In order to provide some assistance in clinical diagnosis the experience gained in the study of 180 laboratory confirmed... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Malcolm S. Artenstein, M.D. (Associate); Francis C. CadiganJr.; Edward L. BuescherAffiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1088-1088KeywordsInfantsMeningitisMouthMyocarditisOrchitisResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL SHOCK ON THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT IN THE PSYCHONEUROSES
Authors: GEORGE A. MOLEEN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The course of human endeavor, or life, as one of the most important elements in the evolution of the species, is marked by psychologic changes which are often more obvious than the physical. Whether these have become more frequent or whether attention has been more closely focused on them is not so important as the fact that modern research is becoming more concerned with their influences. The rapidly varying activities of modern life from business and social points of view have modified environmental states in their spiritual, social, economic and domestic, as well as sensual, aspects. Mental reactions have multipled, fixations and habit patterns have been altered, and complexes, repressions and other psychopathic effects correspondingly developed or elaborated. These are sometimes so marked and severe as to occasion a response which is comparable to shock or trauma from other causes.  The influence of fright as well as anxiety, fatigue, anger,
Abstract 5438: A novel therapeutic combination with synergistic antitumor activity in colon cancer: The dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib and the histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589
Authors: Melissa J. LaBonte, Peter M. Wilson, Anthony El-Khoueiry, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Robert D. Ladner
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Effective treatment is hindered by the high incidence of drug resistance and tumor recurrence, resulting in the need to identify and exploit novel therapeutic targets and drug combinations to improve clinical efficacy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in colon cancer growth, progression and chemoresistance and inhibition of EGFR has therefore become an efficacious drug target. Lapatinib is a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting EGFR and HER-2 and suppressing oncogenic signaling through the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a novel class of agents demonstrating promising activity against colon cancer cells through the hyper-acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. HDACi are also reported to disrupt HSP90 function, inducing the degradation of EGFR-pathway client proteins (e.g. EGFR, HER-2, BRAF). This study sought to evaluate the therapeutic potential of lapatinib in combination with the HDACi LBH589 (Panobinostat) in a panel of eight colon cancer cell lines with varying EGFR/HER-2 expression and KRAS mutational status. EGFR and HER-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blot. Concentration-dependent antiproliferative effects of both lapatinib and LBH589 were observed in vitro (lapatinib range 7.6-15.8 μM; LBH589 range 7.2-30 nM) using the MTS assay. The combination of LBH589 and lapatinib interacted synergistically to inhibit both cell proliferation and colony formation in all colon cancer cell lines tested. Combination treatment resulted in decreased signaling through both the PI3K and MAPK pathways as determined by decreased levels of phospho-AKT and phospho-p44/42 MAPK. Co-treatment with lapatinib and LBH589 also resulted in the rapid induction of apoptosis as early as 18 h post-treatment as determined by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis of apoptotic factors including cleaved caspase-8 and PARP. These in vitro observations were extended to a LoVo colon cancer xenograft model where combination treatment resulted in greater antitumor activity than either lapatinib or LBH589 alone, with no apparent increase in toxicity. Together these data provide scientific rationale warranting further investigation of HDACi in combination with EGFR and HER-2-targeted therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5438.
SIGNIFICANCE OF A HEMOPTYSIC ONSET IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: F. B. TRUDEAU
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Those of us whose work lies in the field of diseases of the chest are often struck by the frequency with which pulmonary tuberculosis is ushered in by hemoptysis as the first symptom. This often occurs in patients who, up to the time of their hemorrhage, were apparently in perfect health. We are taught to regard and treat all such cases, when no other cause can be found for the bleeding, as tuberculous until proved otherwise. The figures given here show, I think, the wisdom of such teaching. It is to be remembered, however, that in the group of cases with which this study deals, the diagnosis of tuberculosis had already been made by at least one physician, or else they would not have been sent to us for treatment. These cases are, therefore, not so apt to include the many patients seen in a general hospital who enter because
Preserved Na/HCO3 cotransporter sensitivity to insulin may promote hypertension in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Motonobu Nakamura, Osamu Yamazaki, Ayumi Shirai, Shoko Horita, Nobuhiko Satoh, Masashi Suzuki, Yoshifumi Hamasaki, Eisei Noiri, Haruki Kume, Yutaka Enomoto, Yukio Homma, George Seki
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Cancer Prevention: From 1727 to Milestones of the Past 100 Years
Authors: Scott M. Lippman, Ernest T. Hawk
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The rich, multidisciplinary history of cancer prevention recounted here begins with surgical and workplace recommendations of the 1700s and ends with 2009 results of the enormous (35,535 men) Selenium and Vitamin E [prostate] Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). This history comprises a fascinating array of chemopreventive, vaccine, surgical, and behavioral science research, both preclinical and clinical. Preclinical milestones of cancer prevention include the 1913 and 1916 mouse studies by Lathrop and Loeb of cancer development associated with pregnancy or cancer prevention through castration (oophorectomy), preventing chemically induced mouse carcinogenesis as early as 1929, energy restriction studies in the 1940s, the 1950s discoveries and later molecular characterizations of field cancerization and multistep carcinogenesis, and the effects of angiogenesis inhibition in genetically engineered mice reported in 2009. The extraordinary panoply of clinical research includes numerous large and smaller chemoprevention studies of nutritional supplements, other dietary approaches, a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin trial in 1976, molecular-targeted agents, and agents to prevent infection-related cancers such as hepatitis B virus vaccine to prevent liver cancer in 1984. Clinical surgical prevention includes removal of intraepithelial neoplasia detected by screening (including Pap testing developed in 1929 and culposcopy for cervical premalignancy and colonoscopy and polypectomy to prevent colorectal cancer begun in the 1960s) and prophylactic surgeries, such as in Lynch syndrome patients begun in 1977. Behavioral studies include smoking cessation and control beginning in the 1950s, obesity control rooted in studies of 1841, and genetic-counseling and cancer-survivorship studies. This history of pioneering events may help in better understanding who we are and what we want to achieve as cancer prevention researchers and practitioners.
In situ detection of hepatitis B, C, and G virus nucleic acids in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues from different geographic regions
Authors: Kenji Abe, Yoshihiro Edamoto, Young Nyun Park, Abraham M. Nomura, Teresa Casanovas Taltavull, Masayoshi Tani, Swan N. Thung
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

We performed a retrospective study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis G virus (HGV) genomes in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissues from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in various geographic areas. The prevalence of each hepatitis virus in the liver tissues that have both carcinoma and noncarcinoma regions was different among the countries. HCV was the most prevalent in Japan (75 of 122 [61.5%]), Spain (9 of 15 [60%]), and the United States (27 of 65 [41.5%]); HBV was the most prevalent in Korea (45 of 55 [82%]) and among Japanese Americans in Hawaii (4 of 8 [50%]). Genotype II/1b was the most common genotype of HCV encountered in HCCs in these countries. In contrast, HGV RNA was undetectable in all tested HCCs. "Cryptogenic HCC," defined as HCC of unknown etiology, was seen 4 (3%) and 4 (6.2%) of Japanese and American patients, respectively, but this was not found in other countries. Interestingly, patients with HCC related to primary biliary cirrhosis (4.6%), who were excluded from analysis as hepatitis virus infections, were present only in the United States, but not in other countries. This study suggests that HCV, particularly genotype II/1b, and HBV may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis in these countries. There was no evidence of any relation between HGV infection and development of HCC.
Epidemiological aspects and early detection of chronic obstructive airway diseases in the elderly
Authors: B. Lundback, A. Gulsvik, M. Albers, P. Bakke, E. Ronmark, G. van den Boom, J. Brogger, L-G. Larsson, I. Welle, C. van Weel, E. Omenaas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The burdens of chronic obstructive airway diseases among the elderly in Europe, and worldwide, are increasing. Although asthma is common in all ages, the main airway disease affecting the elderly is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this paper is to review the prevalence and incidence of COPD on the basis of population studies. As the prevalence estimates of asthma are probably well known, only the incidence and remission of asthma will be discussed. The underdiagnosis of obstructive airway diseases is huge. A Dutch programme for early detection of obstructive airway disease among the elderly has, thus, been included in the presentation. A prerequisite for fighting COPD is to acquire data on illnesses and death. COPD has only recently been defined by cut-off points of spirometric outcomes, which is why measures of the prevalence of COPD have been distorted by use of a large number of different diagnostic terms and lung function criteria. The prevalence of clinically-relevant COPD has been estimated in several community studies to 4–6% in adult population samples, with a considerable increase by age, particularly among smokers. The incidence of COPD not only increases heavily with age and smoking, but also occupational exposure to dust, gas and damp. Precise estimates of the incidence of COPD or spirometric airflow limitation are not available. Demographic changes will result in a further substantial increase of chronic obstructive airway disorders, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, among the elderly. The increasing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has to come to the awareness of the public, governments, health authorities, and industry.
Primary Amyloidosis Associated with Gaucher's Disease
Authors: Samir M. Hanash, Donald L Rucknagel, Kathleen P. Heidelberger, Norman S. Radin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Elevations in serum immunoglobulins, frequently monoclonal in nature, are known to occur in patients with the adult form of Gaucher's disease. We describe amyloidosis in a 46-year-old woman of Italian ancestry with Gaucher's disease, who also had 3100 mg/dl of a monoclonal IgA. She died of restrictive cardiac disease. A 50-year-old sister, also with Gaucher's disease, had 1300 mg/dl of polyclonal IgM but no evidence of amyloidosis. A glucosyl sphingosine-Sepharose affinity column provided no evidence that the large amount of immunoglobulin present has specific affinity for glucosyl ceramide. This, to our knowledge, is the first report of amyloidosis complicating Gaucher's disease.
A 64 year old woman with knee pain: case progression
Authors: P Tugwell, A M O'Connor, N A Santesso
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Last week (5 June, p 1362) we presented the case of a 64 year old woman who was concerned about taking paracetamol (acetaminophen) after reading that it could cause liver damage when taken with alcohol at the high doses she required to control her knee pain. Her general practitioner had discussed with her the benefits and harms of paracetamol versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but she felt she needed more information and time before making a decision.

Her general practitioner gave her a patient education decision aid package about paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories for osteoarthritis.1 He told her that this material describes the best evidence available today about the benefits and harms of both drugs and would help …