tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-101 Patient’S Awareness of the Need for Vaccinations Whilst on Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: M Widlak, R Matharu, A Elzubeir, J Slater, L Wood, S De Silva
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> With the ever increasing use of immunosuppressive therapy for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are being exposed to infections which can be prevented by vaccinations administered prior to or during therapy. The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation guidelines currently recommend that IBD patients who receive immunosuppressive medications should be vaccinated yearly with the influenza vaccine and a pneumococcal vaccination 3–5 yearly. <h3>Methods</h3> An audit was carried out within our department to assess our patient’s knowledge and uptake of such vaccines. Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease were identified from an established data base and those receiving immunosuppressive therapy were invited to complete a questionnaire. Data gathered included age, gender, current treatment and awareness of the need for vaccinations. We also gathered data on the number of patients already vaccinated. <h3>Results</h3> A cohort of 88 patients on immmunosuppressive therapy was analysed. 61% of patients were female and 39% male. Patients ranged between 16–21 years (11%), 22–30 years (18%), 31–50 years (40%), 51–70 years (24%) and above 70 (7%). 59 (67%) patients had Crohn’s disease, 26 (29.5%) ulcerative colitis and 3 of them (3.5%) had indeterminate colitis. The majority of patients received immunomodulators including Azathioprine or Mycophenolate (n = 48, 54%). 13 (15%) were treated with biologics alone (Infliximab or Adalimumab), 21 (24%) with combination of biologics and immunomodulators and 6 patients (7%) received immunomodulators with a reducing dose of steroids. 77% of patients were aware of recommended vaccinations but as many as 23% were not. 42% were aware of the importance of receiving dual vaccinations, 35% were only aware of the need for either the influenza or pneumococcal vaccine, with 23% unaware of the need for either. In this cohort 54 (61%) patients had already had or were planning to have the influenza vaccine this year. Patients between the ages of 31–50 years had the highest awareness of the recommended vaccines (86%), with the majority of uptake of vaccines seen in the 31–50 year group (63%). Unfortunately 39% of patients were not receiving recommended vaccinations with more than half (56%) of patients being unaware of the need to avoid live vaccinations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data suggest that a significant proportion of patients within our cohort are still not receiving vaccinations that were recommended to them. Although 77% were aware of a form of recommended vaccine, 39% were not receiving them. Wider education of our IBD patients as well as their primary care doctors should be implemented to increase awareness and uptake of vaccines to provide adequate protection to this vulnerable group. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
John Francis Rees
Authors: Mary Rees
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Forde Cayley went from medical school straight into service in wartime France and then to Singapore.Captured by the Japanese, he was taken to the infamous River Kwai.The horrors he had witnessed never left him, but he believed in reconciliation, not hatred.As a postwar pioneer of drug treatment for tuberculosis, he took up the respiratory medicine post that he held until retirement.His spare time was divided between BMA activities, his work as a lay reader, and in his prolific vegetable plot.Predeceased by his wife, Eileen, he leaves two sons and three grandsons.
A REVIEW OF THE RESULTS FROM THE EMPLOYMENT OF MALARIA THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS IN THE FLORIDA STATE HOSPITAL
Authors: Mark F. Boyd, W. K. Stratman-Thomas, S. F. Kitchen, W. H. Kupper
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1938)

The late results from the employment of malaria therapy supplemented by chemotherapy are presented for a series of 190 cases of cerebro-spinal lues, and compared with the condition of 20 concurrent cases, treated by chemotherapy alone. The present status of the patients in the 2 series is as follows: Thus 55 per cent of the cases receiving malaria therapy as contrasted with 30 per cent of those receiving chemotherapy alone, show varying degrees of improvement to complete remission, while 45 per cent of the former and 70 per cent of the latter are either unimproved or have since died. The results from naturally or artificially induced malaria attacks do not appear to be significantly different. The quartan parasite appears to be the most effective agent for producing the requisite number of severe paroxysms. Best results were secured from the application of malaria therapy to persons under the age of 30. Such patients react favorably to fewer paroxysms than appear necessary to produce comparable results in older persons. Better results from the standpoint of the remission rate as well as of lower mortality are observed as the number of malaria paroxysms increases, although after 40 paroxysms have been experienced the chief improvement appears to be in the subsequent mortality rate. More striking, however, are the results when considered from the standpoint of the number of severe paroxysms experienced, arbitrarily placed at 104°F. Persons experiencing 21 or more such paroxysms have had a remission rate in excess of 60 per cent with no mortality. Those having II or more have a remission rate of 43 per cent and a mortality of 9 per cent. It has been assumed that only deaths occurring within one month of the cessation of the attack of induced malaria can fairly be laid to the treatment. Of the 49 reported as deceased only 13 died within that period, which would give a mortality rate of 6.9 per cent. Better results have been secured from asymptomatic cases than from symptomatic. Of the latter, the cases presenting organic signs only have given better results than those with mental involvement. In the group with mental involvement best results have been secured with the agitated, and poorest results with the depressed cases.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS OF THE LIVER
Authors: PAUL A. O'LEARY
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Experimental study<sup>1</sup>of cirrhosis of the liver has demonstrated that, if 10 per cent of the hepatic tissue is functioning normally, the normal quantity and quality of bile may be excreted, the normal blood sugar curve may be maintained, the deaminization of amino-acids will occur, and the formation of urea and destruction of uric acid will take place. It was likewise demonstrated in the laboratory animal that the hepatic cell has a regenerative ability of 100 per cent, a function which may be prevented if the portal blood is diverted or if obstructive jaundice or extensive toxic cirrhosis is present. The major portion of the organ must be functionless long before symptoms of dysfunction appear. These data are significant in a study of syphilis of the liver because of the fact that syphilis can produce in the liver a variety of syndromes clinically comparable to most of the other
DETERMINANTS OF TEMPORAL CHANGE IN REGIONAL MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)
Authors: Sirisha Donekal, Bharath Ambale Venkatesh, Yoneyama Kihei, Chia Liu, Marcelo Nacif, Anderson Armstrong, Colin Wu, Antoinette S. Gomes, W.Gregory Hundley, Robyn McClelland, David Bluemke, Joao A.C Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Biphasic Effect of Melanocortin Agonists on Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature
Authors: Beth Lute, William Jou, Dalya M. Lateef, Margalit Goldgof, Cuiying Xiao, Ramón A. Piñol, Alexxai V. Kravitz, Nicole R. Miller, Yuning George Huang, Clemence Girardet, Andrew A. Butler, Oksana Gavrilova, Marc L. Reitman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
ACUTE EFFECTS OF MUSCLE MASSAGE PREVIOUS TO STRENGTH TRAINING ON BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS
Authors: Nuno Garrido, Gabriel Oliveira, Romeu Mendes, Nelson Sousa, Maria Sousa
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Delayed onset muscle soreness has been consistently studied, and special attention has been given to possible techniques capable to prevent it or to accelerate muscle recovery. This study aimed to assess the acute effects of classic muscle massage before a session of strength training on biochemical markers of delayed onset muscle soreness. Methods Twenty-four healthy men with no history of strength training were randomized into two groups, one submitted to a classic muscle massage technique before strength training exercises (n=12; 23.54±1.94years, 21,57±2,64kg/m 2 ); and a control group with no muscle massage before the strength training exercises (n=12; 22.57±1.65years, 22.25±1.23kg/m 2 ). Classical manual massage was applied to muscle groups involved in strength exercises (biceps brachii and quadriceps femoris) with 10-min duration for each muscle group. Strength training session consisted in two exercises: elbow flexion and knee extension at an intensity of 85% of one maximum repetition (6 to 10 repetitions, four sets). Muscle damage biochemical markers (creatine kinase; lactate dehydrogenase, and C reactive protein) were assessed by venous blood samples from the antecubital vein before exercise (1st collect), immediately after exercise (2nd collect), 24 and 48 hours later (third and fourth collect). Experimental protocol was conducted in the laboratory of the Center of Experimental Design of the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Brazil. Results No significant differences were observed between muscle massage before the strength training exercises and control for the creatine kinase (p=0.380), lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.700), and C reactive protein (p=0.292) at all moments. Conclusions The presents results suggest that delayed onset muscle soreness induced by two classical strength training exercises, is not prevented or attenuated by muscle massage before exercise.
Phytosterol and cholesterol precursor levels indicate increased cholesterol excretion and biosynthesis in gallstone disease
Authors: Marcin Krawczyk, Dieter Lütjohann, Ramin Schirin-Sokhan, Luis Villarroel, Flavio Nervi, Fernando Pimentel, Frank Lammert, Juan Francisco Miquel
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

In hepatocytes and enterocytes sterol uptake and secretion is mediated by Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC)G5/8 proteins, respectively. Whereas serum levels of phytosterols represent surrogate markers for intestinal cholesterol absorption, cholesterol precursors reflect cholesterol biosynthesis. Here we compare serum and biliary sterol levels in ethnically different populations of patients with gallstone disease (GSD) and stone-free controls to identify differences in cholesterol transport and synthesis between these groups. In this case-control study four cohorts were analyzed: 112 German patients with GSD and 152 controls; two distinct Chilean ethnic groups: Hispanics (100 GSD, 100 controls), and Amerindians (20 GSD, 20 controls); additionally an 8-year follow-up of 70 Hispanics was performed. Serum sterols were measured by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Gallbladder bile sterol levels were analyzed in cholesterol GSD and controls. Common ABCG5/8 variants were genotyped. Comparison of serum sterols showed lower levels of phytosterols and higher levels of cholesterol precursors in GSD patients than in controls. The ratios of phytosterols to cholesterol precursors were lower in GSD patients, whereas biliary phytosterol and cholesterol concentrations were elevated as compared with controls. In the follow-up study, serum phytosterol levels were significantly lower even before GSD was detectable by ultrasound. An ethnic gradient in the ratios of phytosterols to cholesterol precursors was apparent (Germans > Hispanics > Amerindians). ABCG5/8 variants did not fully explain the sterol metabolic trait of GSD in any of the cohorts.Individuals predisposed to GSD display increased biliary output of cholesterol in the setting of relatively low intestinal cholesterol absorption, indicating enhanced whole-body sterol clearance. This metabolic trait precedes gallstone formation and is a feature of ethnic groups at higher risk of cholesterol GSD.
Crystal Induced Inflammation—Syndromes of Gout and Pseudogout.
Authors: D. J. McCarty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Crystal Induced Inflammation—Syndromes of Gout and Pseudogout.D. J. McCarty Jr., M.D. (Associate)D. J. McCarty Jr., M.D. (Associate)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-717_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSodium urate crystals have been identified by polarized light microscopy in virtually all (59 of 60) aspirates from gouty joints; their presence is thought to be pathognomonic of gout. Injection (by ourselves and others) of these and other microcrystals of various chemical composition into human and canine joints has resulted in an acute inflammatory response. This response is a non-specific host reaction to sparingly soluble micro-crystals, characterized by phagocytosis of the offending particles by leukocytes and by complete reversibility when these particles have been removed.Five routes to hyperuricemia have been suggested; regardless of the original mechanism of hyperuricemia, the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: D. J. McCartyJr., M.D. (Associate) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFine Wine and Gout 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4 Page: 717-717 Keywords Gout Light microscopy Phagocytosis Uric acid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
beta-Catenin expression in the transitional cell zone of pilomatricoma.
Authors: S-W. Park, K-S. Suh, H-Y. Wang, S-T. Kim, H-S. Sung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

beta-Catenin, a participant in the Wnt pathway, has been shown to play an important role in the morphogenesis of hair follicles and the formation of hair follicle-related tumours, including pilomatricomas. It has been observed that at least 75% of human pilomatricomas possess activating mutations in beta-catenin. These findings suggested that beta-catenin plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of pilomatricomas. However, the pattern of beta-catenin expression in pilomatricoma tissues is still unclear. Objectives To examine the expression of beta-catenin in human pilomatricomas by immunohistochemical staining.Twenty-six formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of pilomatricoma tissue were studied.Most transitional cells of pilomatricoma expressed beta-catenin strongly, but the basophilic cells and shadow cells did not. beta-Catenin showed a prominent membranous immunoreactivity and a small amount of condensed cytoplasmic staining, but there was definitely no evidence of nuclear positivity.These findings imply that beta-catenin is primarily involved in cell-cell adhesion rather than cellular proliferation during pilomatricoma pathogenesis, and suggest that if beta-catenin is involved in pilomatricoma tumorigenesis and tumour growth, it plays an indirect role.
The FDA, Politics, and Plan B
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Michael F. Greene, Alastair J.J. Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The recent decision by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to postpone a decision on the proposal to switch levonorgestrel emergency contraception (sold under the brand name Plan B) to over-the-counter status suggests that the FDA's decision-making process is being influenced by political considerations. The data overwhelmingly demonstrate that emergency contraception is safe and effective when available without a prescription. Moreover, the evidence shows that the availability of emergency contraception does not result in a change in the usual behavior or contraceptive practices of the women who are its potential users. A treatment for any other condition, from hangnail to . . .
A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US men.
Authors: A Ascherio, E B Rimm, E L Giovannucci, G A Colditz, B Rosner, W C Willett, F Sacks, M J Stampfer
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The relation of various nutritional factors with hypertension was examined prospectively among 58,218 predominantly white US female registered nurses, aged 34-59 years. In 1980, all women completed an independently validated dietary questionnaire. During 4 years of follow-up, 3,275 women reported a diagnosis of hypertension; the validity of the self-report was shown in a subsample. Age, relative weight, and alcohol consumption were the strongest predictors for the development of hypertension. Dietary calcium and magnesium had independent and significant inverse associations with hypertension. For women with a calcium intake of at least 800 mg/day, the relative risk of hypertension was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.88) when compared with an intake of less than 400 mg/day. The relative risk for magnesium intake of 300 mg/day or more compared with an intake of less than 200 mg/day was 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.88). For women with high intakes of both calcium and magnesium compared with those having low intakes of both, the relative risk of hypertension was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.80). No independent associations with hypertension were observed for intakes of potassium, fiber, and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These prospective findings add to the growing evidence to support the need for randomized trials to determine whether there is a protective role of dietary calcium and magnesium in the regulation of blood pressure.
Vitamin D and Pregnancy: The Maternal-Fetal Metabolism of Vitamin D
Authors: T. KENNEY GRAY, WILLIAM LOWE, GAYLE E. LESTER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1981)

Pregnancy is associated with alterations in mineral metabolism and its hormonal regulation. Examples of these alterations include a positive calcium (Ca) balance, the increased absorption of Ca by the small intestine, and elevations in the serum level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1–4). The mechanisms underlying these alterations are not clearly defined and their interrelationships are largely unknown. This review will focus on the metabolism of vitamin D during pregnancy and will present information derived from human and nonhuman experimental studies. Several excellent reviews of vitamin D metabolism in the nonpregnant state are available to the reader (5–7), including one recently published in this journal (7). The topics of neonatal mineral metabolism and lactation that are related to the focus of this review have been reviewed comprehensively by others (8–10) and will not be included here except where they facilitate the exposition of vitamin D metabolism during pregnancy.
Interobserver Reproducibility in the Interpretation of Bone Scans From Patients Suspected of Having Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Authors: Marianne Tondeur, Alain Sand, Hamphrey Ham
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

This work was undertaken to identify scintigraphic patterns obtained in patients suspected of having reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), now often referred to as complex regional pain syndrome, whose interpretations could be difficult.Ten patients had bone scans because of clinical suspicion of RSD in the lower legs. They were selected retrospectively to have a wide sample of scintigraphic patterns. The radionuclide images and a multiple-choice questionnaire were presented as a PowerPoint file that was sent electronically on the Internet to 54 Belgian nuclear medicine physicians. They had to determine whether the images were in favor of the diagnosis of RSD.Twenty-eight answers (52%) were received. There was near-complete interobserver agreement for perfectly normal scans, for scans showing diffuse uptake with enhancement of periarticular activity, and for scans showing only focal hyperactivity at the site of previous trauma. Results were more discordant when the hyperactivity was mild and when there was a diffuse hypoactivity, with or without focal hyperactivity.This study shows that using very simple methodology, it is possible to identify some scintigraphic patterns in which there is disagreement among observers and whose interpretations vary. As the results are returned to the participants, they can compare their own interpretations with those of their peers. This aspect could be useful in continuing education in medical imaging.
Cataract Extraction Rates and Insurance Status-Reply
Authors: Stephen A. Obstbaum
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Kliger's letter raises several valid points that might influence the behaviors of practitioners working in prepaid or FFS settings. The processes involved in clinical decision making in all fields of medicine are guided by the knowledge, skill, and experience of the physician or surgeon. Yet, despite the proficiency of the practitioner, he or she needs to base clinical decisions on current thinking in a particular area of interest. The American Academy of Ophthalmology's Preferred Practice Patterns (PPPs)<sup>1</sup>were initially introduced in the late 1980s and have undergone review approximately every 3 years. These are evidence-based documents that rely on consensus opinion of a group of experts when evidence is lacking on a particular point. The PPP "Cataract in the Adult Eye"<sup>1</sup>was written by a group that was composed of ophthalmologists, an internist, a methodologist, and a patient representative. The document is intended to serve as a
Virus isolation studies in Crohn's disease: a negative report.
Authors: R J Phillpotts, J Hermon-Taylor, B N Brooke
Journal: Gut (1979)

Homogenates of gut and mesenteric lymph node tissue from patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and control patients were tested for cytopathic effect (CPE) production in a series of cell lines including rabbit ileal and W138 cells. A CPE was produced in W138 cells by tissue homogenates from patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and control patients. Evidence was obtained to suggest that this effect, although superficially similar to a viral CPE, was due to toxic protein constituents of inflamed tissue homogenate.
DNA methylation profiling identifies two splenic marginal zone lymphoma subgroups with different clinical and genetic features
Authors: Alberto J. Arribas, Andrea Rinaldi, Afua A. Mensah, Ivo Kwee, Luciano Cascione, Eloy F. Robles, Jose A. Martinez-Climent, David Oscier, Luca Arcaini, Luca Baldini, Roberto Marasca, Catherine Thieblemont, Josette Briere, Francesco Forconi, Alberto Zamò, Massimiliano Bonifacio, Manuela Mollejo, Fabio Facchetti, Stephan Dirnhofer, Maurilio Ponzoni, Govind Bhagat, Miguel A. Piris, Gianluca Gaidano, Emanuele Zucca, Davide Rossi, Francesco Bertoni
Journal: Blood (2015)
Inhibition of tumor growth in vivo by a nanoparticle-based therapeutic cancer vaccine targeting HAAH
Authors: Steven Fuller, Solomon Stewart, Michael Lebowitz, Kanam Malhotra, Hossein Ghanbari
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts We have designed, developed and produced a lambda-phage based therapeutic anti-cancer vaccine (nanoparticle) targeting human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (HAAH). This protein is over-expressed on the surface of cancer cells and plays a central role in cancer etiology that
Evaluation of a New Aerosolized Steroid for Asthma Therapy
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Beclomethasone dipropionate, an esterified derivative of betamethasone, can be given in small doses in aerosol form to patients with severe asthma whose symptoms cannot be controlled with nonsteroidal agents (bronchodilators and cromolyn). Many asthmatic patients who previously required systemic steroids can be transferred to this safer anti-inflammatory agent. In usual doses, beclomethasone produces few, if any, systemic side effects. The only substantial reaction is Candida infections of the oropharynx and larynx. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2891-2893, 1976)