tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New First-Line Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Bernard A. Schwetz
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Respiratory rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: predictors of nonadherence
Authors: P. Young, M Dewse, W Fergusson, J Kolbe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Rehabilitation is now an integral part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. The objective of the study was to determine predictors of nonadherence to a COPD rehabilitation programme. Patients attending a COPD clinic were invited to participate in a 4 week, hospital-based, outpatient, COPD rehabilitation programme conducted predominantly by respiratory physiotherapists. All potential participants undertook an interviewer administered questionnaire addressing social, economic, psychological and healthcare factors, and underwent baseline physiological measures. Subsequently they were classified as: 1) "adherent" group who completed the total programme (n=55) or 2) "nonadherent" group who refused or began but did not complete the programme (n=36). The nonadherent group compared to the adherent group were more likely to be divorced (22 versus 2%, p<0.005), live alone (39 versus 14%, p<0.02), and to live in rented accommodation (31 versus 6%, p<0.005). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of baseline physiological parameters (forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, 6-min walk distance, oxygen saturation, perceived dyspnoea), quality of life domains (Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire), or indices of COPD-related morbidity. The nonadherent group were more likely to be current smokers (28 versus 8%, p<0.02) and less likely to use inhaled corticosteroids (16 versus 42%, p<0.005). The nonadherent group was not significantly likely to be depressed, anxious, prone to hyperventilation or to have had previous emotional counselling and was more likely to be dissatisfied with disease-specific social support (51 versus 2%, p<0.001). In conclusion, a substantial proportion of eligible subjects who did not participate in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rehabilitation programme were not more physiologically impaired, but were more likely to be: socially isolated, lack chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related social support, still be smoking and be less compliant with other healthcare activities. Identification of one or more of these factors reliably allows prediction for nonadherence to a rehabilitation programme.
Thrombolytic agents no benefit to those over 75
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Thrombolytic agents, currently promoted as the best emergency treatment for patients with myocardial infarction, do not benefit those who are aged 75 years and over and may actually increase their risk of adverse reactions and death, according to a new study.

The study, by a research team at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, looked at almost 8000 Medicare patients aged 65 to 86 years who had had heart attacks. Those aged under 75 receiving thrombolysis had a 6.8% death rate 30 days after the heart attack, compared with nearly 10% in …
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia, portal vein thrombosis, and avascular hip necrosis due to hyperhomocysteinaemia
Authors: O Buchel
Journal: Gut (2005)

A male patient with portal hypertension, portal vein thrombosis, spontaneous splenorenal shunt formation, and encephalopathy, thought to have post-hepatitis B cirrhosis, is described. His condition deteriorated and necessitated liver transplantation. In the explant liver, nodular regenerative hyperplasia with pronounced vascular lesions both in portal venules and in arterioles was found instead of classical cirrhosis. Two years post-transplant he developed bilateral ischaemic femur head necrosis. The three disorders (portal vein thrombosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and ischaemic hip necrosis) seemed to be due to a common vasculopathy induced by hyperhomocyteinaemia. Genetic studies showed that he carried a mutation in the gene encoding for formation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Treatment with folic acid combined with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) normalised his serum homocysteine levels.
SERUM CREATINE KINASE (BRAIN SPECIFIC) AS PREDICTOR FOR IMPAIRED PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF VERY PRETERM INFANTS
Authors: MargotVan Bor, LyaDen Ouden, FrankVan Bel, J.W. Janssen, Theo Stijnen, JanH. Ruys
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
998. A Comparative Analysis of Transgene- Specific Immune Responses Following In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Gene Therapy
Authors: Zhenmei Lu, Soosan Ghazizadeh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Expression of a neoantigen in skin has been shown to induce immune responses resulting in loss of transduced cells. A clearer understanding of the immune-mediated loss of transgene from cutaneous epithelium is necessary for development of effective clinical gene therapy protocols for patients who carry null mutations in the target gene. We have used retrovirus-mediated transfer of GFP (a model antigen) to mouse skin to investigate the mechanism of immune-mediated transgene loss following in vivo and ex vivo approaches to gene therapy.
Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion by Intravenous Atriography
Authors: Roger Pyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE diagnosis of pericardial effusion and pericarditis is often difficult. The history and physical signs can be misleading, and the electrocardiogram is frequently equivocal. A high index of suspicion is necessary if the diagnosis is not to be missed though recognition becomes easier in the presence of typical central chest pain together with a friction rub synchronous with the heartbeat, and the presence of a known pathogenic agent – for example, infection or tumor. Effusion may be from many causes, but the commonest encountered are infections and tumors of the mediastinum, particularly bronchial carcinoma and the reticuloses. When the fluid . . .
The liver X-receptor alpha controls hepatic expression of the human bile acid-glucuronidating UGT1A3 enzyme in human cells and transgenic mice
Authors: Mélanie Verreault, Kathy Senekeo-Effenberger, Jocelyn Trottier, Jessica A. Bonzo, Julie Bélanger, Jenny Kaeding, Bart Staels, Patrick Caron, Robert H. Tukey, Olivier Barbier
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Glucuronidation, an important bile acid detoxification pathway, is catalyzed by enzymes belonging to the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family. Among UGT enzymes, UGT1A3 is considered the major human enzyme for the hepatic C24-glucuronidation of the primary chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) and secondary lithocholic (LCA) bile acids. We identify UGT1A3 as a positively regulated target gene of the oxysterol-activated nuclear receptor liver X-receptor alpha (LXRalpha). In human hepatic cells and human UGT1A transgenic mice, LXRalpha activators induce UGT1A3 mRNA levels and the formation of CDCA-24glucuronide (24G) and LCA-24G. Furthermore, a functional LXR response element (LXRE) was identified in the UGT1A3 promoter by site-directed mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment. In addition, LXRalpha is found to interact with the SRC-1alpha and NCoR cofactors to regulate the UGT1A3 gene, but not with PGC-1beta. In conclusion, these observations establish LXRalpha as a crucial regulator of bile acid glucuronidation in humans and suggest that accumulation of oxysterols in hepatocytes during cholestasis favors bile acid detoxification as glucuronide conjugates. LXR agonists may be useful for stimulating both bile acid detoxification and cholesterol removal in cholestatic or hypercholesterolemic patients, respectively.
Freedom of information requests could suffer in government cuts
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The UK Information Commissioner’s Office is to launch a new enforcement policy to get tough on public bodies that consistently fail to meet deadlines for answering freedom of information and data access requests.

Deputy commissioner Graham Smith, who announced the initiative at a seminar on freedom of information on 15 July held by the Westminster Legal Policy Forum, a cross government forum aimed at raising debate on legal policy, said that some public authorities were consistently failing to meet deadlines. “We are saying we will work with you, but if there is no improvement we will issue an enforcement notice,” he said.

Other speakers at the seminar warned that freedom of information could …
A Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Rapid Detection of 9 Pathogens Directly From Stools of Travelers With Diarrhea
Authors: Jenni Antikainen, Anu Kantele, Sari H. Pakkanen, Tinja Lääveri, Jukka Riutta, Martti Vaara, Juha Kirveskari
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Force-interval relations of twitches and cold contractures in rat cardiac trabeculae. Effect of ryanodine.
Authors: H S Banijamali, W D Gao, B R MacIntosh, H E ter Keurs
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The twitch force (Ft)-interval relation of cardiac muscle reflects recovery of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The calcium content of the SR is thought to be reflected by force developed during a contracture (Fc), induced by rapid cooling to near 0 degrees C. In right ventricular trabeculae of rat, under control conditions, the Ft-interval relation consisted of recovery of Ft to steady state (early recovery), followed by a secondary increase of Ft up to a maximum at an interval of approximately 100 seconds (rest potentiation) and a decline of Ft at intervals greater than 100 seconds (rest depression). The mechanisms that may underlie recovery of force after the last twitch at short intervals are 1) time-dependent transport of Ca2+ from the uptake compartment of the SR to the release compartment, 2) recovery of slow inward Ca2+ current during the action potential, and 3) recovery of the Ca2+ release channels in the SR. The Fc-interval relation was similar to the Ft-interval relation in that both a rest potentiation and a rest depression phase were present. However, at short interstimulus intervals (less than 1 second), Fc was independent of time, suggesting that the mechanism underlying early recovery was bypassed. Ryanodine (0.1-10 nM) reduced rest potentiation in a dose-dependent manner and accelerated rest depression of both Ft and Fc. At high ryanodine concentration, a significant Fc could only be induced after short intervals. Significant acceleration of rest depression was observed at low ryanodine concentrations, when Ft at intervals of 5 seconds was kept constant by increasing the stimulus frequency of [Ca2+]o, suggesting that the ryanodine effect was enhanced by increased [Ca2+]i. Ryanodine also increased the rate of decay of postextrasystolic potentiation in a dose-dependent manner. A significant effect was observed in 10 nM ryanodine. The twitch was not prolonged by ryanodine at these concentrations. These results suggest that the small magnitude of the twitch at short intervals is due to the finite time required by SR Ca2+ release channels to fully recover after a twitch. Furthermore, the results offer support for the hypothesis that ryanodine (in the nanomolar range) promotes Ca2+ leak from the SR in a dose-dependent manner and thereby limits Ca2+ accumulation during the interstimulus interval. Therefore, it may be expected that the negative inotropic effect of ryanodine is due to the SR Ca2+ depletion, and it is not necessary to postulate that ryanodine "blocks" the Ca2+ release channels in the SR.
Changing prevalence of asthma in Australian children
Authors: J K Peat, R H Van Den Berg, W F Green, C M Mellis, S R Leeder, A J Wolcock
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To investigate whether prevalence of asthma in children increased in 10 years. <b>Design</b> : Serial cross sectional studies of two populations of children by means of standard protocol. <b>Setting</b> : Two towns in New South Wales: Belmont (coastal and humid) and Wagga Wagga (inland and dry). <b>Subjects</b> : Children aged 8-10 years: 718 in Belmont and 769 in Wagga Wagga in 1982; 873 in Belmont and 795 in Wagga Wagga in 1992. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : History of respiratory illness recorded by parents in self administered questionnaire; airway hyperresponsiveness by histamine inhalation test; atopy by skin prick tests; counts of house dust mites in domestic dust. <b>Results</b> : Prevalence of wheeze in previous 12 months increased in Belmont, from 10.4% (75/718) in 1982 to 27.6% (240/873) in 1992 (P&lt;0.001), and in Wagga Wagga, from 15.5% (119/769) to 23.1% (183/795) (P&lt;0.001). The prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness increased twofold in Belmont to 19.8% (173/873) (P&lt;0.001) and 1.4-fold in Wagga Wagga to 18.1% (P&lt;0.05). The prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness increased mainly in atopic children only, but the prevalence of atopy was unchanged (about 28.5% in Belmont and about 32.5% in Wagga Wagga). Numbers of house dust mites increased 5.5-fold in Belmont and 4.5-fold in Wagga Wagga. <b>Conclusions</b> : We suggest that exposure to higher allergen levels has increased airway abnormalities in atopic children or that mechanisms that protected airways of earlier generations of children have been altered by new environmental fators.
Dubin–Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Donald Berkowitz, Joseph Entine, Livingston Chunn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IN 1954, Dubin and Johnson1 described a new clinicopathological entity characterized by abdominal pain, hyperbilirubinemia and the presence of a specific dark-brown pigment in the hepatic cells. The disease is apparently the result of some inborn error of metabolism manifested by normal formation but faulty excretion of bilirubin glucuronide in addition to other substances — that is, bromsulfalein, urobilinogen and gall-bladder contrast dyestuffs.Since that time, more than 50 cases have been observed.2 3 4 5 6 It is of interest that only 1 has been seen in a Negro.The purpose of this report is to record an additional case in a Negro. . . .
Dose Response to Adjunctive Light Therapy in Citalopram-Treated Patients with Post-Stroke Depression
Authors: M.P. Søndergaard, J.O. Jarden, K. Martiny, G. Andersen, P. Bech
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;Post-stroke depression affects the outcome of stroke rehabilitation and is observed in approximately 30% of all stroke patients. We investigated whether the addition of light treatment to medical antidepressants influences the course of depression as measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The effect of a combination of light therapy and citalopram in stroke victims receiving citalopram was examined by use of two different doses of light therapy under double-blind conditions. Altogether, 63 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 74.9 years. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; After 4 weeks of therapy, the 6-item subscale of the Hamilton Depression Scale showed a statistically significantly larger improvement in patients receiving high-intensity light treatment compared to those treated with medium-intensity light (p &lt; 0.05). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; This pilot study demonstrates a dose response effect of light used as an adjunct therapy to antidepressants in post-stroke patients with major depression.
ADVANTAGE: Merck Does Say No
Authors: Alexander Rabin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

LettersNovember 18, 2008ADVANTAGE: Merck Does Say NoAlexander Rabin, MDAlexander Rabin, MDFrom Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02138.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-10-200811180-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their article on the ADVANTAGE seeding trial, Hill and colleagues (1) seem to put the blame on Merck and participating physicians. I think, however, that it is the system that is mostly at fault. Merck is a commercial enterprise whose major goal is to make a profit by using every legal tool available. It tried to make its customers believe that its product is better than others in a competitive market. As major religions did in their early stages, Merck proselytized to the most disadvantaged group. Among the U.S. physician force, this group is the primary ...References1. Hill KP, Ross JS, Egilman DS, and Krumholz HM. The ADVANTAGE seeding trial: a review of internal documents. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:251-8 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lisse JR, Perlman M, Johansson G, Shoemaker JR, Schechtman J, and Skalky CS; ADVANTAGE Study Group. Gastrointestinal tolerability and effectiveness of rofecoxib versus naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:539-46 LinkGoogle Scholar3. Sox HC and Rennie D. Seeding trials: just say no [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:279-80 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02138.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoGastrointestinal Tolerability and Effectiveness of Rofecoxib versus Naproxen in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Jeffrey R. Lisse , Monica Perlman , Gunnar Johansson , James R. Shoemaker , Joy Schechtman , Carol S. Skalky , Mary E. Dixon , Adam B. Polis , Arthur J. Mollen , Gregory P. Geba , and The ADVANTAGE Seeding Trial: A Review of Internal Documents Kevin P. Hill , Joseph S. Ross , David S. Egilman , and Harlan M. Krumholz Seeding Trials: Just Say “No” Harold C. Sox and Drummond Rennie ADVANTAGE: Merck Does Say No Jonathan M. Edelman ADVANTAGE: Merck Does Say No Harold C. Sox and Drummond Rennie Metrics November 18, 2008Volume 149, Issue 10Page: 774KeywordsDrug therapyPhysicians ePublished: 18 November 2008 Issue Published: November 18, 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Indoor air-related effects and airborne (1 --&gt; 3)-beta-D-glucan.
Authors: R Rylander
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In studies on the relation between indoor mold exposure and symptoms/disease, the exposure should be described in terms of biomass and not viability. This paper reviews field studies in which (1--> 3)-ss-d-glucan was measured as a marker of biomass and was related to the extent of symptoms and measures of inflammation among exposed subjects. Increased levels of (1-->3)-ss-d-glucan were related to an increased extent of symptoms and markers of inflammation. The data suggest that (1-->3)-ss-d-glucan can be used as a risk marker in indoor environments.
Prognostic Role of Overt Hypercortisolism in Completely Operated Patients with Adrenocortical Cancer
Authors: Alfredo Berruti, Martin Fassnacht, Harm Haak, Tobias Else, Eric Baudin, Paola Sperone, Matthias Kroiss, Thomas Kerkhofs, Andrew R. Williams, Arianna Ardito, Sophie Leboulleux, Marco Volante, Timo Deutschbein, Richards Feelders, Cristina Ronchi, Salvatore Grisanti, Hans Gelderblom, Francesco Porpiglia, Mauro Papotti, Gary D. Hammer, Bruno Allolio, Massimo Terzolo
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Closing the Chapter on Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: Brian M. Rees
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was distressed to see that in an article in<i>JAMA</i>,<sup>1</sup>critical of Maharishi Ayur-Veda, one of your associate editors has, in essence, called me a liar. Regarding a letter I wrote to<i>JAMA</i>in 1989,<sup>2</sup>he identifies me as such an author under the heading "Publications Misled" and states that I "gave the Rees Family Medical Clinic as [my] affiliation." He then writes that I "turn out to be the medical director of the Maharishi Ayur-Veda Medical Center.... However, in correspondence with<i>JAMA</i>, he used Rees Family Medical Clinic stationery...." as if I were trying to conceal my relationship with the Maharishi Ayur-Veda Medical Center (even though my letter, regarding TM, made no mention of Maharishi Ayur-Veda). The first two statements are false; the third, though true, is misleading; the entire context is defamatory, the assertion "Publications Misled" is incorrect and intolerable. The facts
Increasing Organ Donation in Hispanic Americans
Authors: Ali Salim, Eric J. Ley, Cherisse Berry, Danielle Schulman, Sonia Navarro, Ling Zheng, Linda S. Chan
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

The growing demand for organs continues to outpace supply. This gap is most pronounced in minority populations, who constitute more than 40% of the organ waiting list. Hispanic Americans are particularly less likely to donate compared with other minorities for reasons that remain poorly understood and difficult to change.To determine whether outreach interventions that target Hispanic Americans improve organ donation outcomes.Prospective before-after study of 4 southern California neighborhoods with a high percentage of Hispanic American residents. We conducted cross-sectional telephone surveys before and 2 years after outreach interventions. Respondents 18 years or older were drawn randomly from lists of Hispanic surnames. Awareness, perceptions, and beliefs regarding organ donation and intent to donate were measured and compared before and after interventions.Television and radio commercials about organ donation and educational programs at 5 high schools and 4 Catholic churches.Number of survey participants who specify intent to donate.A total of 402 preintervention and 654 postintervention individuals participated in the surveys. We observed a significant increase in awareness of and knowledge about organ donation and a significant increase in the intent to donate (17.7% vs 12.1%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.06-2.26; P = .02]).Focused donor outreach programs sustain awareness and knowledge and can significantly improve intent to donate organs in the Hispanic American population. These programs should continue to be evaluated and implemented to influence donor registration.