tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurological effects of organophosphate pesticides
Authors: F. E Leon-S, G. Pradilla, E. Vesga
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The management of severe hyponatraemia remains controversial,4 5 especially the use of hypertonic saline as advocated in one of the other previous reports.'Modern intensive care principles advocate very slow correction of hyponatraemia with a low water input (even if the patient is dehydrated), so I agree with this and other reports' that it is unrestricted intake of oral or intravenous water that is inappropriate.
The p67-phox cytosolic peptide of the respiratory burst oxidase from human neutrophils. Functional aspects.
Authors: N Okamura, B M Babior, L A Mayo, P Peveri, R M Smith, J T Curnutte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Most cases of cytosol-defective chronic granulomatous disease are due to the deficiency of a 47-kD protein (p47-phox) whose phosphorylation normally accompanies the activation of the respiratory burst oxidase. Recently, a form of chronic granulomatous disease was described in which the failure of O2- production was associated with the absence of a 67-kD polypeptide (p67-phox) from the cytosol of affected neutrophils. Using neutrophils obtained from a patient with this form of the disease, we examined the function of p67-phox in the activation of the oxidase. Our studies showed that in whole p67-phox-deficient neutrophils, p47-phox was phosphorylated in a normal fashion. In the cell-free oxidase-activating system, the ability of the p67-phox-deficient cytosol to support oxidase activation was partly restored by the addition of p47-phox-deficient cytosol; the p67-phox-deficient cytosol, however, was not complemented by cytosol inactivated with NADPH dialdehyde, an affinity label previously found to block the NADPH-binding component of the oxidase. Despite these differences, the kinetic properties of the p67-phox-deficient cytosol closely resembled those of the p47-phox-deficient cytosol. Taken together with earlier findings, these results suggest that (a) in the neutrophil cytosol, p67-phox is at least partly complexed to p47-phox; (b) it is in the form of this complex that p67-phox participates in oxidase activation; and (c) p47-phox appears to be translocated from the cytosol to the plasma membrane during oxidase activation, but complexation to p67-phox is not necessary for this translocation, nor for the accompanying extra protein phosphorylation.
Glomerulonephritis in Behçet's Syndrome
Authors: Phillip J. Olsson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Landwehr et al in their article "Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis in Behçet's Syndrome" (1980;244:1709) reported what they believed to be the second biopsy specimen-proved case of glomerulonephritis in Behçet's syndrome. Actually, their case now brings the total to five cases in the English literature. In addition to Landwehr et al, Kansu et al (1977;237:1855), Mace and Jones,<sup>1</sup>Gamble et al,<sup>2</sup>and Olsson et al<sup>3</sup>have described basically two patterns of glomerulonephritis. Four of five have had a diffuse proliferative glomerular lesion with variable but prominent crescent formation. Gamble et al<sup>2</sup>have reported a focal segmental glomerulonephritis. Each of the previously reported cases has had some element of fibrinoid necrosis present (albeit not prominent in the case reported by Olsson et al<sup>3</sup>). This corresponds with the pathogenesis of the disease as a vasculitis.<sup>4</sup>Gamble et al<sup>2</sup>demonstrated circulating immune complexes in addition
Abstract LB-101: Targeting pancreatic cancer stroma with Palmatine, a novel compound from herbal supplement.
Authors: Divya Chakravarthy, Jingjing Gong, Rosa F. Hwang, Addanki Pratap Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths with 5-year survival rates less than 6%. Survival periods with gemcitabine in combination with various agents average over 6 months. Desmoplasia is a striking feature of pancreatic cancer. It is characterized by formation of dense stroma surrounding the tumor. This dense stroma serves as a therapeutic barrier for many chemotherapeutic drugs, in turn decreasing their efficacy. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have been reported to be involved in the observed desmoplastic reaction. Therefore targeting this stroma can be an alternate approach to pancreatic cancer. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that Nexrutine, a herbal supplement inhibits proliferation of multiple pancreatic cancer cells through modulation of Stat3/NFκB/Cox-2 signaling and reduced the number of animals developing fibrosis in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of Nexrutine or its active components on pancreatic stroma has not been studied. In this study we evaluated the effect of Nexrutine and Palmatine, an active component of Nexrutine, for its ability to target the stroma. Our studies show for the first time that Palmatine (i) inhibits proliferation of PSCs as well as the tumor cells; (ii) inhibits hedgehog signaling as evidenced by GLI expression and reporter activity; (iii) modulates expression and activity of downstream targets of GLI including Patched1, IKKB-ε and anti-apoptotic protein Survivin. Remarkably Palmatine treatment inhibits invasive ability of PSCs that is associated with reduced levels of COL1A1. Overall this is the first study reporting the ability of Palmatine to modulate Hh signaling and may have utility either alone or in conjunction with Gemcitabine for treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Supported by NCCAM (AT 005513-01A1 and AT 007448l; APK). Citation Format: Divya Chakravarthy, Jingjing Gong, Rosa F. Hwang, Addanki Pratap Kumar. Targeting pancreatic cancer stroma with Palmatine, a novel compound from herbal supplement. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-101. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-101
Tc-99m Sestamibi for Detection of Parathyroid Adenoma Comparison of Single and Dual Tracer Imaging
Authors: JOHN C. ROSSITCH, ROBERT J. COWAN, M BARRY ELLIS, ROBERT F. GRIFFITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Single and dual radionucllde techniques have been described in localization of parathyroid adenomas. Although single radionucllde Imaging with Tc-99m sestamibi has many advantages, it can fail to demonstrate a parathyroid adenoma, which, In the case presented, is well demonstrated with dual radionucllde imaging. The authors recommend dual tracer imaging when searching for parathyroid adenoma.
THE SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES OF TYPES I, II, AND III PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Forrest E. Kendall, Henry W. Scherp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. The thermolability of the specific polysaccharides of Types I, II, and III pneumococcus has been shown by three independent methods: (a) diminution of the viscosity of solutions on heating; (b) decrease in the amount of antibody precipitated from homologous rabbit antisera; and (c) increased tendency (S III) to pass through a collodion membrane. 2. These effects may be explained most simply as a partial depolymerization under the influence of heat. In air, particularly in the presence of broth, oxidation also appears to be involved. 3. Improved and simpler methods of preparation based on these findings, are given for S I, S II, and S III. The resulting products precipitate more anti-S from homologous rabbit antisera than do the earlier preparations. 4. The methyl glycoside of methyl galacturonate has been isolated from the hydrolytic products of S I, and evidence of the ultimate structural unit obtained.
Diagnostic Pathology in Gynecology and Obstetrics
Authors: Sumner Wood
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This first edition is intended as a concise and practical review of the diagnostic value of pathology in gynecology and obstetrics. The author, a pathologist, emphasizes that the volume is prepared mainly for gynecologists and obstetricians, and that it should be employed in conjunction with standard textbooks of pathology, gynecology, obstetrics, and medicine. In the first part of the text, concerned with morbid anatomy, the value of diagnostic cytology is well developed. A brief section on histopathology emphasizes routine biopsy procedures, and special techniques, such as colpomicroscopy and histochemistry, are cautiously mentioned. The chapter on "definitions" is superficial, incomplete, and unnecessary. Other sections discuss systematically disorders of the vulva, urethra, vagina, cervix, corpus uteri, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and placenta, as well as abortion. The chapters on ectopic pregnancy, embolism, toxemia of pregnancy, diseases of the kidneys, liver, and breast, and miscellaneous nonobstetric complications of pregnancy are brief and incomplete. For
Asthma, Steroid Therapy, Isoniazid
Authors: LEE B. REICHMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 October 1976Asthma, Steroid Therapy, IsoniazidLEE B. REICHMAN, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.P., WAYMAN C. LATTIMORE, M.D., REYNARD J. MCDONALD, M.D.LEE B. REICHMAN, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, WAYMAN C. LATTIMORE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, REYNARD J. MCDONALD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-538 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent paper in this journal, Schatz and associates (1) suggest that routine isoniazid preventive therapy for asthmatics on steroids be dispensed with. While their aim is laudable in that the actual relation of steroid treatment to tuberculous disease does need to be proved and quantified, the data acquisition, study design, control, and interpretation of data do not provide an adequate basis for their conclusions or recommendations.Asthmatics were skin tested by the Mantoux technique with self-reading. Self-reading, however, has never been validated for the Mantoux test. The authors state, "Although this approach may not be...References1. SCHATZPATTERSONKLONER MRR: The prevalence of tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests in a steroid-treated asthmatic population. Ann Intern Med 84:261-265, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MAGBOOLASNESGREBIN SRB: Tine test compliance in a clinic setting. Pediatrics 55:338-391, 1975 Google Scholar3. EDITORIAL: Deleterious affect of ACTH and cortisone on tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 245:662-664, 1951 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. EDWARDS P: Screening for tuberculosis. Chest (suppl) 68:451-455, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. JOHNSTONWILDRICK RK: "State of the Art" review. The impact of chemotherapy on the care of patients with tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 109:641-664, 1974 Google Scholar1. MAGBOOLASNESGREBIN SRB: Tine test compliance in a clinic setting. Pediatrics 55:388-391, 1975 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. EDITORIAL: Deleterious effect of ACTH and cortisone on tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 245:662-664, 1951 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SCHATZPATTERSON MR: Tuberculosis and isoniazid in steroid-treated asthmatic patients. Ann Intern Med 85:129, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School Martland Medical Center Newark, NJ 07107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAdverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids 1 October 1976Volume 85, Issue 4Page: 538-539KeywordsAsthmaData acquisitionIsoniazidPreventive medicineSteroid therapy Issue Published: 1 October 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder: a molecular lesion of peripheral neurons
Authors: Jin-Sung Choi, Franck Boralevi, Olivier Brissaud, Jesús Sánchez-Martín, René H. M. te Morsche, Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj, Joost P. H. Drenth, Stephen G. Waxman
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2010)
Variations in Human Physiology
Authors: Panayotis G. Iatridis
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Dr R. M. Case, with the assistance of Drs Evans, Garland, Green, Little, Minors, and Waterhouse from the Department of Physiology, University of Manchester, England, has prepared a one-volume text in physiology. Different from the classical texts in physiology, its emphasis is on variations in physiology during exposure to environmental changes, such as pressure, temperature, altitude, time, and gravity; physiological adaptations during pregnancy, fetal and neonatal life, old age, exercise, and exposure to artificial environments; and changes in physiology during injury or shock. This reviewer agrees with the authors on the need to study changes and permanent physiological adaptations under a variety of conditions. Under other conditions as well, where changes in anatomy are induced by trauma, disease states, or iatrogenic interventions, permanent physiological adaptations take place. In paraplegia or after nephrectomy, gastrectomy, lobectomy, or hysterectomy, usually alternate homeostatic mechanisms develop in response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli. It is
THE EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF COLORADO TICK FEVER
Authors: Lloyd Florio, Mabel O. Stewart, Edward R. Mugrage
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

1. The symptoms, history of tick bite, characteristic fever curve, and white blood cell picture should enable the physician to make a diagnosis of Colorado tick fever in nearly every case. 2. The typical white blood cell picture is a depression of the total leucocytes with a shift to the left of the granulocytes. Basophilic cytoplasmic bodies appear occasionally in lymphocytes 3 to 4 days after clinical recovery. 3. The disease can be transmitted serially in human beings by parenteral injection of blood or serum. Such transfers have not resulted in decreased or increased virulence. 4. The naturally acquired and experimental cases of Colorado tick fever are identical in their manifestations. 5. An attack of Colorado tick fever confers a degree of definite immunity to the disease. 6. Colorado tick fever is not a mild form of Rocky Mountain spotted fever since individuals immunized with ground tick vaccine against Rocky Mountain spotted fever are still susceptible to Colorado tick fever. 7. Adult Dermacentor andersoni ticks allowed to feed on typical cases, then carried through to a new generation and fed on susceptible adults, failed to transmit the disease. 8. Colorado tick fever has been successfully transmitted to an experimental animal, the golden hamster.
Radiation Therapy of Tumors and Diseases of the Nervous System
Authors: Bernard S. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Bouchard's book follows the 1942 work of Dyke and Davidoff in systematically reviewing the radiation therapy of tumors and diseases of the central nervous system. To his own rich experience he adds judicious evaluation of the work of others. Critical in selection of material, meticulous in planning, careful in approach, and objective in follow-up, Dr. Bouchard provides us with a succinct, clearly written, and well organized book. He reviews cases of 563 consecutive patients who had been adequately treated between 1939 and 1958. From five to 25 years later, follow-up data are available on all but one patient. He recognizes that the therapeutic results obtained with orthovoltage apparatus properly planned and executed equals that obtainable with megavoltage equipment. However, Dr. Bouchard notes that the ease of application and increased comfort to the patient makes megavoltage preferable, and for the past decade he has relied mainly on cobalt-60 irradiation. Nevertheless,
A Niche for Infectious Disease in Environmental Health: Rethinking the Toxicological Paradigm
Authors: Beth J. Feingold, Leora Vegosen, Meghan Davis, Jessica Leibler, Amy Peterson, Ellen K. Silbergeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

In this review we highlight the need to expand the scope of environmental health research, which now focuses largely on the study of toxicants, to incorporate infectious agents. We provide evidence that environmental health research would be strengthened through finding common ground with the tools and approaches of infectious disease research.We conducted a literature review for examples of interactions between toxic agents and infectious diseases, as well as the role of these interactions as risk factors in classic "environmental" diseases. We investigated existing funding sources and research mandates in the United States from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health, particularly the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.We adapted the toxicological paradigm to guide reintegration of infectious disease into environmental health research and to identify common ground between these two fields as well as opportunities for improving public health through interdisciplinary research.Environmental health encompasses complex disease processes, many of which involve interactions among multiple risk factors, including toxicant exposures, pathogens, and susceptibility. Funding and program mandates for environmental health studies should be expanded to include pathogens in order to capture the true scope of these overlapping risks, thus creating more effective research investments with greater relevance to the complexity of real-world exposures and multifactorial health outcomes. We propose a new model that integrates the toxicology and infectious disease paradigms to facilitate improved collaboration and communication by providing a framework for interdisciplinary research. Pathogens should be part of environmental health research planning and funding allocation, as well as applications such as surveillance and policy development.
<i>In vivo</i> magnetic resonance imaging of the progression of murine ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i>: finding timescales and predictors of future invasion.
Authors: SA Jansen, SD Conzen, GM Newstead, EJ Markiewicz, GS Karczmar
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6011 Background: Understanding the natural history of breast cancer is important for effective patient management and treatment. For example, some evidence suggests that preinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may be over-treated, since not all will progress to invasive cancer. Unfortunately, due to obligate surgical excision of newly diagnosed breast cancers, the natural history of disease is difficult to study in women. However, mouse models of breast cancer can serve as an alternative; the purpose of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the progression of DCIS into invasive cancer in a transgenic model.&amp;#x2028; Methods:12 SV40 Tag mice were imaged every 2-3 weeks (wks) starting at 10 wks of age. SV40 mice develop mammary cancer similar to DCIS and IDC, and usually live to 22 wks when they succumb to breast cancer. T1-weighted gradient echo images of inguinal mammary glands were obtained. DCIS lesions and invasive tumors were identified and volumes were measured over time. For each lesion we measured: the time at initial development (TDCIS and Ttumor), the growth rate of DCIS and invasive tumors (calculated from 'V=V0exp(αt)'), and for DCIS lesions that progressed to invasive tumors the progression time Tprog was measured.&amp;#x2028; Results:DCIS (n=21) and invasive (n=16) tumors developed, at an average initial age of TDCIS =12.7±2.6 wks and Ttumor =16.3±3.1 wks, and at an initial volume of 0.3±0.2 mm3 and 1.7 mm3, respectively. The average growth rate for DCIS lesions was αDCIS= 0.08±0.23 wk-1, significantly smaller than that of invasive tumors (αtumor= 0.55±0.35 wk-1, p =0.001). 9/21 DCIS lesions progressed to invasive cancers in an average time of Tprog=4.56 ± 1.9 wks(Figure 1a). 11/21 DCIS did not progress within the study window and 5/21 were stable for over 8 wks (Figure 1b).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; The volume of DCIS was not a predictor of progression, but there was a trend for DCIS growth rate to be related to eventual development of invasiveness.&amp;#x2028; Discussion:To our knowledge, the results reported here are the first direct measurements of the timescales and characteristics of progression from in situ to invasive carcinoma. Surprisingly, even in transgenic mice that are strongly pre-disposed to develop cancer, some DCIS lesions did not progress to invasive cancer. Interestingly, DCIS volume did not predict future progression to invasive tumors, but growth rate may have been a predictor. The methods and data here provide a foundation for using MRI in pre-clinical studies of early cancer progression, prevention and targeted treatment. Extensions of this pilot study may yield image-based biomarkers of progressing vs. indolent DCIS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6011.
Characteristics of newly‐formed cementum following emdogain application
Authors: Khalid Al-Hezaimi, Mansour Al-Askar, Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2011)

Periodontal regenerative techniques have been proposed; however, the outcomes remain debatable. The present investigation assessed the regenerated cementum following enamel matrix derivative application in dehiscence‐type defects. Buccal osseous dehiscences were surgically created on the maxillary cuspid, and the second and fourth premolars in five female beagle dogs. The treatment group (n=15 sites) received the enamel matrix derived application, whereas the control groups (n=15) did not. The dogs were sacrificed 4 months following treatment and the specimens were histologically and histometrically examined. The newly formed cementum was uneven in thickness and mineralization, overlapped the old cementum and exhibited functional orientation, cementocyte lacunae and collagen fibril bundles. Most of the histological specimens showed the presence of a gap between the newly formed cementum and the underlying dentin. Control sites did not exhibit any cementum formation. The present study concluded that newly formed cementum is of cellular type and exhibits multiple characteristics.
Textbook of Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: David W. Cugell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The first edition of this text was published 20 years ago at a time when there were few comprehensive textbooks of pulmonary disease. During the intervening years, numerous additional volumes devoted to this medical subspecialty have appeared, so that readers now have a considerable number from which to choose.  Perhaps it is this competition, but whatever the reason, this new edition has been extensively revised. There are new sections and new authors; in fact, only a small minority who contributed to the previous edition are among the contributors to the current one.  There has been a major expansion of the first section of the book with the addition of new material on lung structure, function, morphology, physiology, immunology, biochemistry, and cell biology. This expanded coverage has necessitated an increase of some 300 pages over the second edition. Furthermore, the type has been reduced in size so that the contents of
Heavy-Chain Deposition Disease
Authors: P Aucouturier, A A Khamlichi, G Touchard, E Justrabo, M Cogne, B Chauffert, F Martin, J L Preud'homme
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

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