tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antiarrhythmic Therapy for Prevention of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks
Authors: Michele Coceani
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DR. ALBERT SCHWEITZER
Authors: William M. Bickers
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Doctor, philosopher, musician, humanist, theologian—Albert Schweitzer was all these. Son of a Lutheran pastor in the beautiful village of Gunsbach in the province of Alsace, he knew in happy childhood the stern discipline of the Germans and the gay romanticism of the French. Educated under both disciplines, he was bilingual and geographically polycentric, but his character and personality were all<i>deutsch</i>. The young Schweitzer was something of a musical prodigy, if such can be measured by tireless effort to develop a somewhat above average talent. Never a brilliant student, he was the "tortoise" attaining excellence by sincerity of purpose and dogged perseverence. Never a lovable youth, he exasperated his elders by precocious assertions on moral and religious matters certain to fall unpleasantly upon pious ears. He is said to have had a violent temper. At the age of 18, Schweitzer entered Strassburg University and, follwing in his father's footsteps, matriculated
P48 * AFM STIFFNESS MEASUREMENTS OF GLIOMA CELLS AND CYTOSKELETAL PROTEIN ANALYSIS FOLLOWING CD44 KNOCKDOWN: IMPLICATIONS FOR GLIOMA CELL INVASION
Authors: J. R. Smith, Z. Maherally, M. K. Ghoneim, J. L. Dickson, Q. An, H. L. Fillmore, G. J. Pilkington
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: CD44 is important in cellular adhesion and invasion, and is upregulated in glioma cells. Here, we extend our previous CD44-antibody blocking and gene silencing experiments to examine, the downstream effects of CD44 knockdown (kd) on the expression of cytoskeletal proteins involved in cellular migration. Atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to measure the stiffness (Young's Modulus, E) of wild type (wt) and CD44-kd glioma cells. METHOD: SNB-19 cells were transfected with either CD44 siRNA, scrambled siRNA, or a non-related gene siRNA. Human non-neoplastic astrocytes were used as a control. Western Blotting (WB), immunocytochemistry (ICC) and flow cytometric analysis were used to analyse changes in cytoskeletal proteins. AFM (CellHesion 200, JPK Instruments) was used to measure E values obtained from force vs. distance plots, using Hertzian mechanics models, by indenting a microsphere (R = 5.6 µm), attached to a AFM cantilever, into cells (10% of cell thickness, nuclear and cytoplasm regions) maintained at 37°C in culture media. RESULTS: Vimentin, GFAP, and microtubule protein expression was associated with lower CD44 protein levels in CD44-kd cells compared to cells with scrambled siRNA. Functionally, CD44-kd cells were less migratory compared to controls. AFM E-values were found to be log-normally distributed, with no differences observed between nuclear and cytoplasm regions. Knockdown CD44 SNB-19 cells (E = 359 ± 180 Pa) were less stiff than wt cells (E = 1099 ± 991 Pa; p = 0.023). The stiffness of wt SNB-19 cells was also greater than control astrocytes (E = 444 ± 311 Pa; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The combined results suggest gene silencing of CD44 may be an important therapeutic strategy for reducing adhesion, migration and invasion of glioma cells.
Real-time monitoring of stress erythropoiesis in vivo using Gata1 and β-globin LCR luciferase transgenic mice
Authors: Mikiko Suzuki, Kinuko Ohneda, Sakie Hosoya-Ohmura, Saho Tsukamoto, Osamu Ohneda, Sjaak Philipsen, Masayuki Yamamoto
Journal: Blood (2006)
Fatal Residential Fires
Authors: Stephen W. Marshall, Carol W. Runyan, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, Mary A. Linzer, Jeffrey J. Sacks, John D. Butts
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—The United States has one of the highest fire fatality rates in the developed world, and three quarters of these deaths are in residential fires.Objective.—To compare characteristics of those who die and those who survive in the same residential fire.Design.—Data on fatal residential fires were collected from the medical examiner and interviews with local fire officials.Setting.—North Carolina.Subjects.—Persons in residential fires with at least 1 fatality in a 1-year period.Main Outcome Measure.—Dying vs surviving a fatal residential fire that occurred with more than 1 person at home.Results.—Of the 190 decedents, 124 (65%) were male, 78 (41%) were home alone, and 69 (53%) of 130 adults who had blood alcohol measured were intoxicated (blood alcohol content &gt;22 mmol/L [100 mg/dL]). Of the 254 persons present during fires in which more than 1 person was at home, 112 died. Individuals more likely to die (high-vulnerability group) were younger than 5 years or 64 years or older, had a physical or cognitive disability, or were impaired by alcohol or other drugs (risk of death for group, odds ratio [OR], 4.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29-7.03). The presence of an adult with no physical or cognitive disabilities who was unimpaired by alcohol or other drugs (a potential rescuer) reduced the risk of death in the high-vulnerability group (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-0.99) but not the low-vulnerability group. Overall, a functioning smoke detector lowered the risk of death (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18-0.83).Conclusions.—Smoke detectors were equally effective in both low- and high-vulnerability populations. The high-vulnerability group was more likely to survive if, in addition to a smoke detector, a potential rescuer was present. Further research should seek to identify prompts that facilitate speedy egress from a burning structure and that can be incorporated into residential fire alarm systems.
AIDS publicity: some experiences from Scotland.
Authors: G B Hastings, D S Leather, A C Scott
Journal: BMJ (1987)

has begun spending £20 million on Publicity about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).Newspaper, television, and radio advertising will be used together with leaflets.Our experience with producing leaflets on AIDS in Scotland shows how important it is to evaluate any type of mass media publicity before it is widely released.Any information must be based on a clear understanding of consumer perceptions and developed in conjunction with its target audience.' 2 This is the only way to ensure that it will say the right thing to the right people in the right way.Towards the middle of 1986 the Scottish Health Education Group (SHEG) decided to produce a leaflet pointing out the implications of AIDS for everyone-heterosexuals as well as homosexuals and drug addicts.First a rough draft of the proposed leaflet was produced and researched with the public, partly to obtain responses to the leaflet itself but also to explore general knowledge and attitudes on AIDS.The document was then revised and tested a second time.The research at both stages used qualitative small group discussion rather than quantified approaches using standard questionnaires.Six to eight respondents, carefully selected in social demographic terms, are brought together in an informal setting and asked under the direction of a psychologist or group moderator to discuss in depth the subject of interest.This technique is derived from market research3 but is now being more widely adopted within the social sciences.45It overcomes many of the disadvantages of questionnaire methods, especially non-sampling errors such as lack of depth in probing.The method has been fully described in a previous article in the BMJ.' Subjects and methodsSix group discussions, each with seven respondents, were conducted at both research stages, giving a sample of 84.Respondents were recruited by professional market research interviewers (see table for composition of groups) and invited to attend the group discussions in a private house.Each discussion lasted about an hour and a half.Respondents were paid a standard fee for participation, and the discussions took place in Glasgow and Edinburgh during June and July 1986.The interviews were deliberately loosely structured, with con- siderable time being devoted to a general discussion of people's attitudes and perceptions about AIDS before covering their response to the idea of the leaflet and its alternative drafts.There were only minor variations in background attitudes and no changes in response to the basic idea of the leaflet between the two research stages.The findings at both stages are therefore discussed simul- taneously.
Discovering the Functional Illness in Interview
Authors: Toner M. Overley
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IT HAS LONG SEEMED DESIRABLE to be able to discover the functional illness without having recourse to numerous expensive, sometimes painful, laboratory examinations, all of which are normal. The research herein reported addresses itself to two problems: (1) What percentage of patients with a functional problem can be discovered by interview alone? and (2) What factors are most pertinent in leading to a functional diagnosis? The University Diagnostic Clinic gets referrals from all over the state of patients who present some sort of diagnostic or management problem. It has long been felt that "functional" problems abounded in this clinic. Therefore, 50 patients were selected in a random fashion and interviewed for 1 hour by a psychiatrist. The interview was different from a usual medical interview only in that a complete review of systems was not elicited and the reaction of the patient and his family to his illness was
Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Survival and the Impact of Whole Brain Radiotherapy
Authors: Patrick G. Morris, Anne S. Reiner, Olga Rosenvald Szenberg, Jennifer L. Clarke, Katherine S. Panageas, Hector R. Perez, Mark G. Kris, Timothy A. Chan, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Antonio M. Omuro
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Acrolein depletes the neuropeptides CGRP and substance P in sensory nerves in rat respiratory tract.
Authors: D R Springall, J A Edginton, P N Price, D W Swanston, C Noel, S R Bloom, J M Polak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The mammalian respiratory tract is densely innervated by autonomic and sensory nerves around airways and blood vessels. Subsets of these nerves contain a number of putative neurotransmitter peptides, such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in sensory nerves and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), possibly serving autonomic functions. CGRP is also found in endocrine cells in rat airway epithelium. These peptides are all pharmacologically potent effectors of bronchial and vascular smooth muscle and bronchial secretion. Their functions in vivo are less well established. We have therefore examined the effects of inhaled acrolein, a sensory irritant, on three pulmonary neuropeptides: CGRP, substance P, and VIP. Groups of rats (n = 3 each) were exposed for 10 min to acrolein in air (Ct = 510, 1858, and 5693 mg.min/m3) or to air alone. Fifteen minutes later they were killed (pentabarbitone IP) and their respiratory tracts were dissected and fixed in 0.4% p-benzoquinone solution. Cryostat sections were stained by indirect immunofluorescence for a general nerve marker (PGP 9.5) and neuropeptides. The acrolein-treated animals had a dose-related decrease in tracheal substance P- and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers compared with controls. No change was seen in total nerve fiber distribution and number (PGP 9.5) or VIP immunoreactivity, nor in CGRP-immunoreactive epithelial endocrine cells. It is concluded that the rat tracheal peptidergic nerves are a sensitive indicator of inhaled irritant substances. Their reduced immunoreactivity may be because of a release of sensory neuropeptides that could play a role in the physiological response to irritant or toxic compounds.
Probiotics do not prevent diarrhoea caused by antibiotics in older people, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Probiotic supplements do not reduce the incidence of diarrhoea in older people being treated with antibiotics, a study has found.

The findings raise questions about whether the policy to give probiotics routinely to patients taking antibiotics, a policy being adopted by many hospitals, is a cost effective strategy, a commentator has said.

The prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in older inpatients (PLACIDE) study is a randomised controlled trial that was conducted in nearly 3000 patients aged 65 years and over being treated with at least one antibiotic in five hospitals in south Wales and northeast England.1 …
Burkitt's and Other Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Adults Exposed to a Visitor from Africa
Authors: Seymour Grufferman, Nancy Raab-Traub, Kay Marvin, Michael J. Borowitz, Joseph S. Pagano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

DISEASE clustering, the occurrence of cases that are close together in time and space, is often believed to suggest an infectious cause.1 , 2 Despite numerous anecdotal reports of cancer clusters, Burkitt's lymphoma is the only human cancer for which there is clear-cut statistical evidence of time—space clustering.2 3 4 In general, reports of cancer clusters are uninformative, since most cancers have long, variable, or unknown latency periods between etiologic exposure and manifestation of the disease.2 , 4 , 5 A typical reported cluster is characterized by proximity in the time of diagnosis and in the residence of patients at diagnosis. However, the etiologic exposure may have occurred . . .
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES UPON LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Alwin M. Pappenheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

A simple method is presented by which, with the diffusion of trypan blue into the nucleus as a criterion of cell injury, it is possible to study quantitatively the effect of various agencies upon the small thymus cells and upon the tissue lymphocytes. Preliminary studies with this method have led us to the following conclusions, which, however, unless otherwise stated, may be taken as applying only to the lymphocytes of the rat thymus. 1. The small thymus cells, when suspended in balanced phosphate solutions, show no distinct reaction to variations in hydrogen ion concentrations ranging between Ph 7.0 and PH 7.8. Beyond PH 7.0 there is a sudden increase in the permeability of the cells to the dye; plasmolysis of the cells occurs when the alkalinity exceeds PH 8.0. 2. Heating to 49° or 50°C. is accompanied by a critical increase in the permeability of the cells to the dye. 3. The injury caused by lack of oxygen can be demonstrated by the increase in the number of stained cells. 4. The addition of serum to suspensions of thymus cells or tonsil lymphocytes greatly inhibits the diffusion of the trypan into the cells. The protection afforded is roughly proportionate to the amount of serum added. Gelatin also exerts a marked protective influence; egg albumin affords a partial protection; starch and gum arabic are inert. Hemoglobin and cholesterol do not modify the stainability of the cells. Arsenious sulfide in weak concentrations partially inhibits the diffusion of the dye. Colloidal iron is without effect, and is precipitated about the cells. 5. The toxicity of the photodynamic substance, hematoporphyrin, and of an impure chlorophyll solution in the presence of sunlight could be strikingly demonstrated by the greatly increased permeability of the cells to the stain. 6. Acute and chronic inanition produces an increased fragility of the cells. The protective power of the serum in acute starvation appears to be increased. 7. The small thymus cells of old animals are more readily injured than are those of young ones, as indicated by the increased proportion of stained cells. 8. The method has been applied to the demonstration of the action of cytotoxic immune sera for rat thymus cells and for human tonsil lymphocytes in vitro. Further experiments dealing with the question of specificity are in progress. The cytotoxins are inactivated by the addition of complement. Thermostabile cytagglutinins have also been produced.
Titration of tidal volume and induced hypercapnia in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: E Roupie, M Dambrosio, G Servillo, H Mentec, S el Atrous, L Beydon, C Brun-Buisson, F Lemaire, L Brochard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Mechanical ventilation may promote overdistension-induced pulmonary lesions in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The static pressure-volume (P-V) curve of the respiratory system can be used to determine the lung volume and corresponding static airway pressure at which lung compliance begins to diminish (the upper inflection point, or UIP). This fall in compliance may indicate overdistension of lung units. We prospectively studied 42 patients receiving mechanical ventilation with an FIO2 of 0.5 or more for at least 24 h. According to the Lung Injury Score (LIS), 25 patients were classified as having ARDS (LIS > 2.5), while 17 patients constituted a non-ARDS control group. The P-V curve was obtained every 2 d. Mechanical ventilation initially used standard settings (volume-control mode, a positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] adjusted to the lower inflection point on the P-V curve, and a tidal volume [VT] of 10 ml/kg). The end-inspiratory plateau pressure (Pplat) was compared to the UIP, and VT was lowered when the Pplat was above the UIP. In the range of lung volume studied on the P-V curves (up to 1600 ml), a UIP could be shown in only one control patient (at 23 cm H2O). By contrast, a UIP was present on the P-V curve obtained from all patients with ARDS, corresponding to a mean airway pressure of 26 +/- 6 cm H2O, a lung volume of 850 +/- 200 ml above functional residual capacity and 610 +/- 235 ml above PEEP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
REPORT OF A CASE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS MENINGITIS WITH NORMAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Authors: JULES M. BRADY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The diagnosis of meningitis in recent times, thanks to lumbar puncture has been greatly facilitated. That the cerebrospinal fluid is the mirror of the exudative and transudative phenomena occurring in the vascular apparatus of the pia and arachnoid is generally believed. The positive diagnosis of any form of cerebrospinal meningitis is never justified unless the specific micro-organism is found in the cerebrospinal fluid. The dictum of Dunn<sup>1</sup>of Boston that "without lumbar puncture a diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis is absolutely without value for scientific, statistical or therapeutic purposes" deserves repetition. It is believed almost generally that negative findings also, if extending over the late stages of the disease, will uniformly enable the absolute exclusion of meningitis. It must now be admitted that positive findings alone in this regard are conclusive, and that an encephalitis and meningitis may be present with a normal fluid. This does not apply to the tuberculous
Evidence for an oncogenic role of AHI-1 in Sezary syndrome, a leukemic variant of human cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Authors: A Ringrose, Y Zhou, E Pang, L Zhou, A E-J Lin, G Sheng, X-J Li, A Weng, M W Su, M R Pittelkow, X Jiang
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Response of HL-A Identical Unrelated Individuals in the Mixed Lymphocyte Culture Test
Authors: J. M. Johnston, H. V. Bashir
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The immunological responsiveness as measured in the mixed lymphocyte culture test has been studied in 13 pairs of HL-A identical unrelated individuals. In all combinations stimulation occurred and it was frequently of a similar magnitude to that observed against non-HL-A identical subjects.It is postulated that another locus, adjacent to the HL-A locus, is also responsible for the non-stimulation observed between HL-A identical siblings, and that observations made in the related situation should not be transposed to the unrelated situation without some reservation.
MULTIFOLLICULAR OVARIES: CLINICAL AND ENDOCRINE FEATURES AND RESPONSE TO PULSATILE GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
Authors: J. Adams, D.W. Polson, N. Abdulwahid, D.V. Morris, S. Franks, H.D. Mason, M. Tucker, J. Price, H.S. Jacobs
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
WITHDRAWN: Rapid decline in CD38 T cell activation in HIV infected Ugandans taking antiretroviral therapy – towards that of healthy european controls
Authors: B. Gazzard, F. Lutwama, H. Mayanja, H. Shihab, J. Serwanga, J. Wanyama, K. McAdam, L. John, L. Spacek, M. Eller, M. Kamya, P. Kelleher, T. Quinn
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Characteristics of atrioventricular conduction and the spectrum of arrhythmias in lown-ganong-levine syndrome.
Authors: D G Benditt, L C Pritchett, W M Smith, A G Wallace, J J Gallagher
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Electrophysiological characteristics of atrioventricular (A-V) conduction and refractoriness were examined in 12 patients with Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome referred for assessment of the following arrhythmias: (group I) regular narrow QRS tachycardia 6/12 (50%), (group II) atrial fibrillation (AF) 2/12 (17%), group III) ventricular tachycardia (VT) 4/12 (33%). A-V node refractory periods were shorter, and enhanced A-V conduction more frequent (7/12, 58% vs 7/28, 25%) in LGL patients compared to similar studies in 28 normal controls. During laboratory study reciprocating tachycardia (RT) due to re-entry within the A-V node occurred in 4/12 (33%) LGL patients, and exhibited a shorter cycle length (294 +/- 60.4 msec) than did the same arrhythmia in 11/28 (39%) controls 372 +/- 51.8 msec, P less than 0.05). Similarly, RT utilizing a concealed accessory pathway had a shorter cycle length (228 +/- 3.5 msec) in 2/12 (17%) LGL patients than in 11/28 (39%) controls (314 +/- 24.3 msec, P less than 0.001). In AF, the shortest R-R intervals in 4/12 (33%) LGL patients (2 group I, 2 group II) were shorter than in 15/28 (54%) control patients (254 +/- 42.2 msec vs 325 +/- 64.2 msec, P less than 0.05). The mean R-R internvals did not differ significantly (LGL 372 +/- 89 msec vs control 428 +/- 82.6 msec). This study suggests that the characteristics of A-V conduction and refractoriness may permit development of more rapid heart rates during certain arrhythymias in LGL patients compared to normal controls. Furthermore, the occurrence of VT in patients with LGL sydrome indicates that symptomatic arrhythmias require specific diagnosis.
Primary Tumor Standardized Uptake Value Measured on Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Is of Prognostic Value for Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Update of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the European Lung Cancer Working Party for the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging Project
Authors: Marianne Paesmans, Thierry Berghmans, Michele Dusart, Camillo Garcia, Claude Hossein-Foucher, Jean-Jacques Lafitte, Céline Mascaux, Anne-Pascale Meert, Martine Roelandts, Arnaud Scherpereel, Vanessa Terrones Munoz, Jean-Paul Sculier
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)