tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative adenosine 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography for the early assessment of patients surviving acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: J J Mahmarian, C M Pratt, S Nishimura, A Abreu, M S Verani
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND We prospectively investigated whether adenosine 201Tl tomography (SPECT) could determine the extent of coronary artery disease, the presence of jeopardized myocardium, and the risk for in-hospital cardiac events in 120 clinically stable patients early (5 +/- 3 days) after myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients had coronary angiography and SPECT in close proximity. Adenosine SPECT identified 99% of infarct-related arteries and 82% of severely stenosed (&gt; or = 70%) noninfarct arteries. Multivessel disease was accurately predicted in 69% of patients. Sixty-five percent of stenosed noninfarct arteries had matching thallium perfusion defects, and 92% of these were reversible. The specificity of adenosine SPECT was &gt; 90%. Thallium redistribution occurred often within infarct (59%) and noninfarct (92%) zones. The patency status of the arteries, however, did not predict the presence or extent of jeopardized myocardium. The perfusion defect size was larger (p = 0.0001) in patients with (45 +/- 18%) than in those without (22 +/- 15%) in-hospital cardiac events. Furthermore, 90% of patients with events had a &gt; or = 20% perfusion defect compared with only 38% of those without events (p = 0.0001). The positive-predictive accuracy for developing a cardiac event was 70% when the perfusion defect size was &gt; 30%. The ischemic defect also was larger in patients with (19 +/- 14%) than in those without (10 +/- 10%) events (p = 0.001). The positive- and negative-predictive values for developing early postinfarction angina were 43% and 91%, respectively, when the ischemic defect was &gt; 12%. CONCLUSIONS In selected low-risk survivors of myocardial infarction, early quantitative adenosine SPECT is safe and accurate in detecting and localizing coronary stenoses, assessing the extent of jeopardized myocardium, and determining subsequent risk for in-hospital cardiac events.
PARAFFIN INJECTED SUBCUTANEOUSLY FOR THE CORRECTION OF NASAL AND OTHER DEFORMITIES.
Authors: HARMON SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>HISTORY.</h3> "To Dr. J. Leonard Corning of New York belongs the credit of first experimenting along the lines of subcutaneous injection of oils"; and, although applied to an entirely different purpose to that which paraffin is now devoted, yet of much import, since it was demonstrated that sterilized oils could be used subcutaneously, without resultant inflammation. Following this same idea, directed in a different channel, Gersuny of Vienna, in 1900, published an article stating that melted vaselin, when injected into a yielding tissue, forms a small tumor which remains<i>in situ</i>, causing no appreciable reaction. He used this method to overcome the deformity resulting from castration, blemishes due to cavities, depressed scars, and also for narrowing orifices. Drs. Lynch and Heath appear to be the pioneers in America in the use of subcutaneous injection of paraffin for the correction of nasal deformities.
Health and Human Rights Concerns of Drug Users in Detention in Guangxi Province, China
Authors: J. Elizabeth Cohen, Joseph J Amon
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Background Although confinement in drug detoxification ("detox") and re-education through labor (RTL) centers is the most common form of treatment for drug dependence in China, little has been published about the experience of drug users in such settings. We conducted an assessment of the impact of detention on drug users' access to HIV prevention and treatment services and consequent threats to fundamental human rights protections. Methods and Findings Chinese government HIV and anti-narcotics legislation and policy documents were reviewed, and in-depth and key informant interviews were conducted with 19 injection drug users (IDUs) and 20 government and nongovernmental organization officials in Nanning and Baise, Guangxi Province. Significant contradictions were found in HIV and antinarcotics policies, exemplified by the simultaneous expansion of community-based methadone maintenance therapy and the increasing number of drug users detained in detox and RTL center facilities. IDU study participants reported, on average, having used drugs for 14 y (range 8–23 y) and had been confined to detox four times (range one to eight times) and to RTL centers once (range zero to three times). IDUs expressed an intense fear of being recognized by the police and being detained, regardless of current drug use. Key informants and IDUs reported that routine HIV testing, without consent and without disclosure of the result, was the standard policy of detox and RTL center facilities, and that HIV-infected detainees were not routinely provided medical or drug dependency treatment, including antiretroviral therapy. IDUs received little or no information or means of HIV prevention, but reported numerous risk behaviors for HIV transmission while detained. Conclusions Legal and policy review, and interviews with recently detained IDUs and key informants in Guangxi Province, China, found evidence of anti-narcotics policies and practices that appear to violate human rights and imperil drug users' health.
The Treatment of Opium Poisoning by Permanganate of Potassium
Authors: F. P. Maynard
Journal: BMJ (1896)

MAYi896.stomach after the subcutaneous injection of poisonous quan- tities of morphine salts.Moor states that up to June, I895, thirty-five cases of opium poisoning occurring in America had been successfully treated by potassium permanganate.Since then six cases of opium or morphine poisoning treated by this method have been recorded in this country; five of the six recovered, the one lost being that of a man who had taken more than a pint of laudanum some hours before he was treated.The following is a brief account of the first five cases, which were treated and described by Nathan Raw :1 CASE I.-A woman, aged 27, took 2 fluid ounces of laudanum.Previous to treatment she was profoundly comatose.Her stomach was washed out with a solution of Condy's fluid (3ii to a pint of water) until the w,ash- ings were colourless.Afterwards 3ij of liquor potassii permanganatis were given every hour for four hours.Artificial respiration was kept up for two hours.The woman made a good recovery CASE ii.-A woman, aged 59, took a large quantity of laudanum (amount not stated).Previous to treatment she was profoundly comatose; the respirations were only 6 per minute.The treatment was similar to that of Case i, but artificial respiration was not resorted to.Good recovery.CASE iiI.-A woman, aged 52, took a quantity of opium (amount not stated).Previous to treatment she was profoundly comatose.The treat- ment was similar to that of Case ii.Good recovery.CASE iv.-The same woman (Case iII) a fortnight later was again treated similarly for opium poisoning.Good recovery.CASE v.-A chemist, aged 35, took over a pint of laudanum, and was not discovered until several hours later.He was treated in a similar manner to Case I, but died suddenly from respiratory paralysis.CASE vi.-This case is described by Stanley Walker.2A man took in solution rather more than i6 grains of morphine sulphate.He was not treated till an hour and a-half after taking the poison, when he was in a semi-comatose state; 5 gr. of potassium permanganate, dissolved in half a pint of water, were administered, and about half an hour later vomiting occurred.The dose of potassium permanganate was repeated a second and a third time, vomiting occurring about half an hour after each dose.On account of the feebleness of the heart's action hypodermic injections of strychnine were given.The man made a good recovery.
What's the evidence that NICE guidance has been implemented?: Maybe NICE needs to do more to ensure implementation of guidelines
Authors: Rishi Mannan, Melvyn Jones
Journal: BMJ (2005)

This week in the BMJ for the paper by Walsh et al are offered the conclusion that investment in intermediate care in community hospitals may be more cost effective than financing nurse led care for post-acute patients in acute hospitals. 1 2But the study itself, which confirms existing evidence on the costs of nurse led intermediate care in acute settings, 3 4 tackles neither the effect nor the cost of intermediate care in community hospitals.How then can such a conclusion be drawn?Walsh et al do not make this assertion.The author of the comment offers no support.Our own review of the evidence on nurse led intermediate care found no quality evidence for either the effect or cost of intermediate care in community settings. 5 The BMJ has been at the forefront of setting standards for the reporting of primary research.However, the editors must be aware that many readers simply pick up a take home message from comment, like this, 1 in the journal.
The spirit of occupational medicine.
Authors: D Black
Journal: BMJ (1979)

18 Carlson, F D, and Wilkie, D R, Muscle Physiology. New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1974. 19 Astrand, P O, and Rodahl, K, A Textbook of Work Physiology. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1970. 20 Dubowitz, V, and Brooke, M H, Muscle Biopsy: a Modern Approach, p 44. London, Saunders, 1973. 21 Gollnick, P D, et al, Journal of Applied Physiology, 1972, 33, 312. 22 Costill, D L, et al, New York Academy of Sciences Conference on the Marathon. Abstract 246. 1976. 23 Anderson, P, and Hendriksson, J, Journal of Physiology, 1977, 270, 677. 24 Bergman, H, et al, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1973, 3, 414. 25 Young, A, in Cycling?the Healthy Alternative, p 12. London, British Cycling Bureau, 1978. 26 Edwards, R H T, Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine, 1978, 54, 463. 27 Young, A, personal communication. 28 Obert, E F, Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution. New York, Intext Educational Publishers, 1973. 29 Lancaster Brown, P, Astronomy in Colour. London, Blandford Press, 1972. 30 Ballantine, R, Richard*s Bicycle Book. London, Pan Books, 1975. 31 Lawther, P J, British Medical Bulletin, 1975, 31, No 3, 256. 32 Haidane, J, Journal of Physiology, 1895, 18, 430. 88 Lawther, P J, personal communication. 34 Messer Associates, A Study of the Health Effects of Bicycling in an Urban Atmosphere. Prepared for the Office of Environmental Affairs, US Department of Transportation. Springfield, Va, National Technical Information Service, 1977. Reported in Science, 1978, 199, 1187. 35 Astrup, P, Kjeldsen, K, and Wanstrup, J, Journal of Atherosclerosis Research, 1967, 7, 343. 86 Santa Cruz, R, et al, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 1974, 109, 458. 37 Rice, R A, Technology Review, 1972, 75, 31. 38 Lamb, H H, Climate, Present, Past and Future, Vol 1. London, Methuen, 1972. 89 Archer, M D, Futures, June 1974, 261. 40 Wilkie, D R, Muscle. London and Beccles, William Clowes and Sons. 1968. 41 Angrist, S W, and Hepler, L A, Order and Chaos, Laws of Energy and Entropy. New York, Basic Books, 1967. 42 Primitive snail-like creatures were well established by the end of the Cambrian period. The Geological Museum.
Anuria in Acute Nephritis
Authors: J. D. N. Nabarro, A. G. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of SOCIABLE on cognition, affection and functional abilities of elderly people, cognitively intact or with mild cognitive deficits. Background: SOCIABLE was a multi-national, multicenter ICT project piloting a radically new approach for the support of mental activity of elderly people. A consortium of ICT and medical experts developed the cognitive training software and we present the results of the SOCIABLE pilot clinical trial. Equipment used consisted of multi-touch surfaces or all-in-one personal computers. Methods: 315 individuals aged 60-91 years old (mean=73.76, sd=6.45) participated in the study. Mean formal education was 9.83 years (sd=4.09). Subjects were assigned into three groups after a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation: a) 124 (39.4[percnt]) cognitively intact elderly, b) 108 (34.3[percnt]) persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and c) 83 (26.3[percnt]) with mild Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). They participated in 24 hourly, twice-weekly sessions of computerized cognitive training for three months, individually or in groups, in Day Care Centers or at home. To assess the efficacy of SOCIABLE, cognitive, affective and functional assessment was performed pre- and post-intervention and 3 months after the end of the programme (follow up). In addition participants’ performance was compared to that of a control group. Results: Repeated measures 2 (group) x 3 (pathology) ANCOVA designs showed statistical significant improvement in the scores of most cognitive tests. Functionality was also improved, while depression scores remained unchanged. Improvement was maintained for three months after the end of the programme for the groups of the cognitively intact elderly and persons with MCI but it was not preserved in the group of AD patients. Conclusions: Such a personalized and multicomponent training regime, like SOCIABLE could be more effective in maintaining the cognitive abilities in the elderly than the classical approach. More research is needed through well designed trials. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Sakka has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ntanasi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zoi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kalligerou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pantelopoulos has nothing to disclose.
Defining the Cellular Phenotype of “Ankyrin-B Syndrome” Variants
Authors: Peter J. Mohler, Solena Le Scouarnec, Isabelle Denjoy, John S. Lowe, Pascale Guicheney, Lise Caron, Iwona M. Driskell, Jean-Jacques Schott, Kris Norris, Antoine Leenhardt, Richard B. Kim, Denis Escande, Dan M. Roden
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Mutations in the ankyrin-B gene ( ANK2 ) cause type 4 long-QT syndrome and have been described in kindreds with other arrhythmias. The frequency of ANK2 variants in large populations and molecular mechanisms underlying the variability in the clinical phenotypes are not established. More importantly, there is no cellular explanation for the range of severity of cardiac phenotypes associated with specific ANK2 variants. Methods and Results— We performed a comprehensive screen of ANK2 in populations (control, congenital arrhythmia, drug-induced long-QT syndrome) of different ethnicities to discover unidentified ANK2 variants. We identified 7 novel nonsynonymous ANK2 variants; 4 displayed abnormal activity in cardiomyocytes. Including the 4 new variants, 9 human ANK2 loss-of-function variants have been identified. However, the clinical phenotypes associated with these variants vary strikingly, from no obvious phenotype to manifest long-QT syndrome and sudden death, suggesting that mutants confer a spectrum of cellular phenotypes. We then characterized the relative severity of loss-of-function properties of all 9 nonsynonymous ANK2 variants identified to date in primary cardiomyocytes and identified a range of in vitro phenotypes, including wild-type, simple loss-of-function, and severe loss-of-function activity, seen with the variants causing severe human phenotypes. Conclusions— We present the first description of differences in cellular phenotypes conferred by specific ANK2 variants. We propose that the various degrees of ankyrin-B loss of function contribute to the range of severity of cardiac dysfunction. These data identify ANK2 variants as modulators of human arrhythmias, provide the first insight into the clinical spectrum of “ankyrin-B syndrome,” and reinforce the role of ankyrin-B–dependent protein interactions in regulating cardiac electrogenesis.
Gaza is running out of medicines as Egypt limits movement through the Rafah crossing
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Palestinian officials in Gaza have urged Egypt to ease border restrictions and avert a humanitarian crisis in the territory where medicine stocks are running out, fuel shortages threaten to close down the country’s power plant, and patients are being barred from travelling abroad for treatment.

According to Gaza’s ministry of health, 30% of essential medicines (145 items out of 500) and 51% of medical disposables have run out since July when Egyptian authorities began limiting movement through the Rafah crossing, Gaza’s main route to the outside world.1 More than half of chemotherapy drugs and ophthalmic drugs are at zero.

Gaza’s health minister, Mufid al-Mekhalilati, has told local journalists that “stocks of 100 medicines are about to run out.” …
Letter: Maternity fee.
Authors: J Goldie
Journal: BMJ (1975)

heated on both sides and the meeting ended acrimoniously.This unfortunate sequence of events was at least partly due to a mis- understanding in the opening stages of the meeting.At meetings of hospital staff throughout the country a somewhat different account of events was given by many B.M.A. .'linkmen"who were responsible for co- ordinating local arrangements for a work- to-contract.T,he impression conveyed to the *profession was that the whole package was a take-it-or-leave-it offer and was not negotiable.This was in spite of Mrs. Castle's
Characteristics of endocardial monophasic action potentials recorded from areas with fractionated bipolar electrograms in infarcted canine ventricular myocardium
Authors: C. Schmitt, T. Beyer, M. Karch, J. Metz, T. Hilbel, M. Montero, J. Brachmann, W. Kubler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective — The aim was to characterise monophasic action potentials recorded from subacutely infarcted myocardial regions, where fractionated bipolar electrograms could be obtained. Design — Dogs underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Before and 8-12 d after ligation, monophasic action potentials and local electrograms were recorded endocardially from the apex of the left ventricle. Experimental material — 15 anaesthetised mongrel dogs (30 mg pentobarbitone·kg−1) were used. Measurements and main results — Multiphasic fractionated bipolar electrograms could be recorded from infarcted sites of the left ventricle with a mean duration of 69(SD 10) ms and a mean amplitude of 3.7(1.6) mV, compared to control values of 42(7) ms (p<0.05) and 9.4(2.2) mV (p<0.05), respectively. Endocardial monophasic action potentials recorded from these areas were similar to action potentials obtained from non-infarcted sites before coronary ligation. The fractionated extracellular potentials were superimposed on the monophasic action potential upstroke. MAP90 was 189(31) ms, MAP30 138(12) ms, versus control values of 182(27) ms and 139(10) ms (NS). Monophasic action potential amplitude was significantly reduced at infarcted sites compared to control, at 26(7) mV v 38(6) mV. Histological specimens were taken to confirm that measurements were obtained from infarcted tissue. Conclusions — It is possible to record monophasic action potential in subacutely infarcted canine ventricular myocardium; this technique might help in further studies to characterise electrophysiological mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias in chronic myocardial infarction in man.
Histological changes and involvement of apoptosis after photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses
Authors: H. Nakaseko, M. Kobayashi, Y. Akita, Y. Tamada, Y. Matsumoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which employs a combination of a tumour-localizing photosensitizer and visible light, has been used to treat superficial malignancies in the epidermis.To examine histological changes and the role of apoptosis in lesions of actinic keratosis (AK) after PDT using 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and excimer dye laser.After topical ALA-PDT, biopsy specimens were collected from 18 skin lesions in 15 patients with AK. Paraffin-embedded sections of the skin specimens were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The detection of apoptosis was performed using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) method, antiactivated caspase-3 antibody and anti-Fas antibody.One hour after PDT, cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and markedly stained nuclei were found, and vacuolation of some tumour cells was noted in the lower layer of the epidermis. An infiltrate of lymphocytes and neutrophils was observed in the upper layer of the dermis. One day after PDT, all layers of the epidermis exhibited slightly degenerative necrosis, with shadow cell formation and chromatin condensation around the nuclear membrane in the lower layer of the epidermis. Necrosis in all layers of the epidermis and lymphocyte infiltration in the dermis were found 3 days after PDT. Tumour cells had disappeared and regenerative thickening of the epidermis was observed 7 days after PDT. TUNEL staining revealed apoptosis-positive cells in the epidermis in 8 of 11 specimens obtained 1 day after PDT. Activated caspase-3 expression was noted in the lower layer of the epidermis in four of these eight TUNEL-positive specimens.Results suggested that apoptosis is involved in tumour cell death after PDT in patients with AK, and that it occurs within 1 day after PDT.
Regional Pathogens in Endocarditis?
Authors: NEIL E. REINER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Correction1 May 1976Regional Pathogens in Endocarditis?NEIL E. REINER, M.D.NEIL E. REINER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-5-613_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: As information on infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users accumulates, its character as an illness with a regional flora becomes increasingly apparent. The recent report of Mills and Drew (Ann Intern Med84:29-35, 1976) from San Francisco is remarkable for several reasons. First, it addsSerratiato coagulase positive staphylococci (1),Pseudomas aeruginosa(2), andCandidasp. as common or predominant regional pathogens causing endocarditis in intravenous drug users. Second, it depicts similarities between the clinical picture of serratia and pseudomonas infections (2), in that these patients present with infections of both right and left sides of...References1. BANKS T, FLETCHER R, and ALI N: Infective endocarditis in heroin addicts. Am J Med 55:444-451, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. REYES M, PALUTKE W, and WYLIN R: Pseudomonas endocarditis in the Detroit Medical Center 1969-1972. Medicine (Baltimore) 52:173-194, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. REINER N, GOPALKRISHNA K, and LERNER P: JAMA, in press Google Scholar4. TUAZON C, HILL R, and SHEAGREN J: Microbiologic study of street heroin and injection paraphernalia. J Infect Dis 129:327-329, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: NEIL E. REINER, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH 44106 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEndocarditisInfective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria: A review of the literature, 1945–1977 1 May 1976Volume 84, Issue 5Page: 613-613KeywordsAddictsCandidaEndocarditisPathogensPatient advocacyPseudomonas infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Dietary fish oil supplementation improves endothelial function in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: David R. Morgan, Lana J. Dixon, Colm G. Hanratty, Sinead M. Hughes, William J. Leahey, Naglaa A. El-Sherbeeny, G. Dennis Johnston, Gary E. McVeigh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)