tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 67: Characterization of the role of KLF9 transcription factor in breast cancer estrogen response
Authors: Michelle A. Pitch, Beth A. Russell, Geoffrey L. Greene
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is a member of the KLF family of transcription factors. Previous studies report significant KLF member involvement in breast cancer estrogen response, notably KLF4 [1, 2] and KLF5 [3, 4]. KLF9 has been shown in uterine cancer cells to function as an estrogen-dependent regulator of the estrogen response pathway [5]. We aim to evaluate the role of KLF9 in breast cancer cell estrogen response. We have performed studies demonstrating that KLF9 exhibits an early-activated estrogen response. Five sites have been identified upstream of the KLF9 gene that interact with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) [6-8]; we observe ERα enrichment at three of these sites that is estradiol-dependent. Though KLF9 has been shown to act as an essential element in estrogen response in the uterus, KLF9 response in breast cancer cells has yet to be characterized. To study the role of KLF9 in estrogen-mediated responses in transcriptional and proliferative activity, we have manipulated the level of KLF9 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These cells have been shown to exhibit a clear transcriptional response to estradiol in luciferase reporter assays. We have optimized RNAi conditions to achieve significant knockdown of the KLF9 gene in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, we have produced and tested a KLF9 overexpression vector construct that significantly upregulates expression of KLF9 in this cell line. These tools will be used to more extensively characterize the role of KLF9 in MCF7 cell estrogen-stimulated transcription and proliferation. We are measuring transcriptional response to estrogen signaling with luciferase reporter assays and estrogen stimulated cell proliferation with BrdU proliferation assays. Elucidating KLF9 involvement in E2-mediated breast cancer cell signaling and response, therefore, is an important component of understanding of the regulatory mechanisms behind estrogen response in breast cancer. 1. Akaogi K et al. (2009). Oncogene 28(32): 2894. 2. Quintana AM et al. (2011). BMC Cancer 11: 30. 3. Guo P et al. (2010). International Journal of Cancer 126(1): 81. 4. Zhao KW et al. (2011). Biochemical Journal 437(2): 323. 5. Velarde MC et al. (2007). Molecular Endocrinology 21(12): 2988. 6. Carroll JS et al. (2006). Nature Genetics 38(11): 1289. 7. Hua S et al. (2008). Molecular Systems Biology 4:188. 8. Fullwood MJ et al. (2009). Nature 462(7269): 58. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 67. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-67
AN UNUSUAL COMPLICATION OF TYPHOID FEVER
Authors: Roy E. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —The following case seemed to be of sufficient interest to report:  Aug. 10, 1917, a 12 year old boy was brought to St. Joseph's Hospital with typhoid fever. Relatives stated that he had seemed ill for the previous ten days. Sixteen days after entering the hospital, the patient rather abruptly lost the power of speech, although he was able to answer questions by signs. When spoken to he usually began to weep. After ten days the aphasia gradually disappeared, and in two weeks speech was normal. At this time the patient's mother and nurse both noticed that he used his right hand for every purpose, whereas before his illness he had been left handed to an unusual degree. From this time on, convalescence was uneventful. A letter, dated Dec. 26, 1917, reports that to all appearances the boy is right handed, and is now able to use
Phase IV and Medicine
Authors: SAMUEL MARTIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Editorials1 October 1973Phase IV and MedicineSAMUEL MARTIN, M.D.SAMUEL MARTIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-4-595 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptConflicts over prices are not new in medical care. In the midnineteenth century, particularly in Europe, there were major conflicts between physicians and groups of citizens banded together in "sick funds." More recently in France, which has a fee-for-service scheme, there has been a running battle between the physician and government over the fee. In America any conflict of this kind has been low key and the physician has been able to set prices. In the 1940's and 1950's the physician-fee index of the consumer price-index lagged behind the general consumer index; the gap was rather large throughout the fifties.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Community Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1973Volume 79, Issue 4Page: 595-597 Issue Published: 1 October 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer: a case control study on risk of coexisting duodenal or gastric ulcer in patients with gastritis.
Authors: P Sipponen, K Seppala, M Aarynen, T Helske, P Kettunen
Journal: Gut (1989)

Chronic (atrophic) gastritis (AG) is common in active duodenal (DU) and gastric ulcer (GU) disease. In this case control study in consecutive prospective outpatients (571 cases and 1074 controls) who had undergone diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and routine biopsies from both antral and body mucosa, we calculated the risk of coexisting active DU and/or GU in different gastritis of the antrum or body and according to grade (superficial gastritis, mild, moderate or severe atrophic gastritis). The risk of coexisting active gastroduodenal ulcer (ulcer in duodenum and/or stomach), as well as the risk of DU or GU, was dependent upon the presence and grade of gastritis in antrum and body mucosa. The risk of coexisting ulcer, as expressed as an age adjusted relative risk (RR) and calculated as odds ratio of gastritis in cases and controls, was significantly increased in the presence of superficial antral and body gastritis (RR = 8.5 (7.0-20.0) in men; RR = 5.8 (3.3-10.2) in women), as compared with the risk of ulcer in subjects with histologically normal mucosa (RR = 1). The risk of ulcer, and the risk of GU in particular, increased further with increasing severity of antral gastritis. In such patients with moderate or severe atrophic antral gastritis the RR of coexisting ulcer even exceeded 20 in men and 10 in women (RR = 25.6 (9.0-72.7) in men; RR = 11.7 (5.9-23.0) in women). On the other hand, the RR of ulcer, and the RR of DU in particular, was below 1 in the presence of atrophic gastritis in the gastric body, irrespective of the grade of gastritis in the antrum. We conclude that the type and grade of gastritis strongly predicts the risk of coexisting peptic ulcer, and that the risk of coexisting DU or GU increases with an increase in grade of AG of the antrum but decreases with an increase in grade of AG of the gastric body.
Report of a Case of Recovery from Apparent Death Induced by the Inhalation of Chloroform: A Case Described to Show the Therapeutic Value of Inversion of the Body when there is Syncope from Cerebral Anaemia; and to Aid in the Elucidation of Chronic Chloroform Poisoning
Authors: J. R. Cormack
Journal: BMJ (1874)

A., a lady's maid, aged 27, was admitted, uncder my care, to the HIertford British Ilospital on January 30th
National Cholesterol Education Program Versus World Health Organization Metabolic Syndrome in Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in the San Antonio Heart Study
Authors: Kelly J. Hunt, Roy G. Resendez, Ken Williams, Steve M. Haffner, Michael P. Stern
Journal: Circulation (2004)

To assess the utility of clinical definitions of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) to identify individuals with increased cardiovascular risk, we examined the relation between the MetS, using both the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the World Health Organization definitions, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in San Antonio Heart Study participants enrolled between 1984 and 1988.Among 2815 participants, 25 to 64 years of age at enrollment, 509 met both criteria, 197 met NCEP criteria only, and 199 met WHO criteria only. Over an average of 12.7 years, 229 deaths occurred (117 from cardiovascular disease). Moreover, in the primary prevention population of 2372 participants (ie, those without diabetes or cardiovascular disease at baseline), 132 deaths occurred (50 from cardiovascular disease). In the primary prevention population, the only significant association adjusted for age, gender, and ethnic group was between NCEP-MetS and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.01; 95% CI, 1.13-3.57). In the general population, all-cause mortality HRs were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.13-1.92) for NCEP-MetS and 1.27 (95% CI, 0.97-1.66) for WHO-MetS. Furthermore, for cardiovascular mortality, there was evidence that gender modified the predictive ability of the MetS. For women and men, respectively, HRs for NCEP-MetS were 4.65 (95% CI, 2.35-9.21) and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.14-2.91), whereas HRs for WHO-MetS were 2.83 (95% CI, 1.55-5.17) and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.72-1.86).In summary, although both definitions were predictive in the general population, the simpler NCEP definition tended to be more predictive in lower-risk subjects.
Reply to Alison J. Birtle, Rebecca Lewis, Emma Hall's Letter to the Editor on Behalf of the POUT Trial Management Group re: Marco Roscigno, Maurizio Brausi, Axel Heidenreich, et al. Lymphadenectomy at the Time of Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer. Eur Urol 2011;60:776–83
Authors: Marco Roscigno
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Tranexamic acid concentrations associated with human seizures inhibit glycine receptors
Authors: Irene Lecker, Dian-Shi Wang, Alexander D. Romaschin, Mark Peterson, C. David Mazer, Beverley A. Orser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Antifibrinolytic drugs are widely used to reduce blood loss during surgery. One serious adverse effect of these drugs is convulsive seizures; however, the mechanisms underlying such seizures remain poorly understood. The antifibrinolytic drugs tranexamic acid (TXA) and ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) are structurally similar to the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine. Since reduced function of glycine receptors causes seizures, we hypothesized that TXA and EACA inhibit the activity of glycine receptors. Here we demonstrate that TXA and EACA are competitive antagonists of glycine receptors in mice. We also showed that the general anesthetic isoflurane, and to a lesser extent propofol, reverses TXA inhibition of glycine receptor–mediated current, suggesting that these drugs could potentially be used to treat TXA-induced seizures. Finally, we measured the concentration of TXA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients undergoing major cardiovascular surgery. Surprisingly, peak TXA concentration in the CSF occurred after termination of drug infusion and in one patient coincided with the onset of seizures. Collectively, these results show that concentrations of TXA equivalent to those measured in the CSF of patients inhibited glycine receptors. Furthermore, isoflurane or propofol may prevent or reverse TXA-induced seizures.
Procainamide pharmacokinetics in patients with acute myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure
Authors: Kenneth M. Kessler, David S. Kayden, Daneil M. Estes, Patricia L. Koslovskis, Rafael Sequeira, Richard G. Trohman, Andres R. Palomo, Robert J. Myerburg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Tamoxifen reduces breast cancer rate in at-risk healthy women by nearly a third, finds study
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Taking tamoxifen for five years has been found to reduce the rate of breast cancer by 29% among healthy women at high risk of developing the disease, a long term study has found.

Between 1992 and 2001 7154 women aged 35-70 with an increased risk of breast cancer, primarily because they had a family history, were enrolled into the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study I and were randomly allocated to receive either tamoxifen (3579) or placebo (3575) for five years. Researchers continued to track the health of all …
Hydroxylation of guanine in nucleosides and DNA at the C-8 position by heated glucose and oxygen radical-forming agents.
Authors: H Kasai, S Nishimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Heated glucose is mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 in the absence of S-9 mix. For identifying unknown mutagens in heated glucose (dry solid, 200 degrees C, 20 min), reaction with isopropylideneguanosine (IPG) was followed by isolation and characterization of the mutagen-IPG adduct. Two adducts, glyoxal-IPG and 8-hydroxy-IPG, were identified in the reaction mixture by this technique. To elucidate the mechanism of this hydroxylation reaction, we investigated the abilities of various agents to hydroxylate deoxyguanosine or guanine base in DNA. Various reducing agents, metals, asbestoses, polyphenols, aminophenols, and X-ray were effective for hydroxylation, and an oxygen radical seems to be the reactive species. For sensitive detection of 8-hydroxyguanine, a monoclonal antibody for it was prepared.
WHAT CAN BE DONE BY ELECTRICITY TO AVOID SURGICAL OPERATIONS IN GYNECOLOGY.
Authors: G. BETTON MASSEY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

This is a very extensive subject, even when it is narrowed down, as I have done, to the avoidance of surgical operations in the diseases of women; so extensive indeed as to be capable of only a general discussion in the time at my disposal, leaving the detailed proof of the greater comparative value of electricity to other occasions. A number of books have in fact been written on the subject since the publication of my own work and the only purpose that can be subserved in a single paper is to call renewed attention to the subject and to give additional reasons for a faith that needs the fervor of a missionary crusade among practitioners of medicine. That there is need for a pause and self-examination on the true relation of surgery to the diseases of women is the first point to be established, the second question being the
A COMPARISON OF AORTIC DISSECTION IN THE PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT MARFAN SYNDROME AMONG KOREAN POPULATION
Authors: Eunkyung Kim, E Ryoung Choi, Shin Yi Jang, Chang-Seok Ki, Yeon Hyeon Choe, Wook Sung Kim, Jae K. Oh, Kiick Sung, Duk-Kyung Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
How the Poor Die
Authors: P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In the year the NHS Act became law, George Orwell recalls in his essay “How the Poor Die” the squalor and primitive treatments he encountered during his first stay in the public ward of a hospital, in Paris in 1929. Described as “Hopital X,” it was the Hopital Cochin, which still exists, though with a much improved reputation.

Orwell is admitted with pneumonia, and undergoes cupping and is given a mustard poultice—like every patient regardless of their condition: “You got very little treatment at all, either good or bad, unless you were ill in some interesting and instructive …
Abstract 5378: Actions of nanoparticulate tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Nanotetrac) on human prostate carcinoma xenograft growth, vascularity and integrin response to radiation
Authors: Shaker A. Mousa, Sudha Thangirala, Murat Yalcin, John T. Leith, Aleck Hercbergs, Hung-Yun Lin, Heng-Yuan Tang, Mary K. Luidens, Paul J. Davis
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) covalently bound to a nanoparticle (poly[lactic-co-glycolic acid]) (= Nanotetrac) has anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic properties that are initiated exclusively at a cell surface receptor on integrin αvβ3 of cancer cells and dividing blood vessel cells. The anti-cancer activities are pro-apoptotic by multiple mechanisms, disorder gene expression in multiple cancer cell survival pathways and are radiosensitizing. The anti-angiogenic effects involve disruption of actions of VEGF, bFGF, PDGF and EGF. In the present studies, susceptibility of human prostate cancer cell xenografts to activity of Nanotetrac was determined in grafts in the nude mouse or to the chick chorioallentoic membrane (CAM) model and radiosensitivity was estimated in the CAM system. Androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell xenografts in the CAM exposed to Nanotetrac (1 μg/CAM) showed 40% decreases in tumor weight and vascular branch points and 50% reduction in hemoglobin content at 7 d (P &amp;lt; 0.01). LNCaP xenograft volumes in the male mouse were reduced by 50% at 5 days (P &amp;lt; 0.01), approximating the volume of the tumor cell implant. In vivo imaging system (IVIS) scans of orthotopic androgen-independent PC3 cell xenografts in the nude mouse showed substantial reduction in tumor size vs. control (PBS) at 7 d (50% reduction) and at 17 d (75% reduction) post-implantation. Radiation studies in PC3 cell tumors established in the CAM system demonstrated that within 1 h of exposure to 1-2 Gy radiation, there was apparently defensive activation (assumption of ‘open conformation’) of αvβ3. Receptor activation response to radiation was blocked by Nanotetrac. We have shown in other cancer cell lines that Nanotetrac inhibits repair of radiation-induced double-stranded DNA breaks and propose that, based on the current observations, this DNA repair effect is due to inhibition of radiation-caused activation of αvβ3. In summary, examined in two models and acting at the cell surface, Nanotetrac substantially reduces volume/weight and vascularity of human prostate cancer xenografts. The agent also inhibited activation of integrin αvβ3 that is induced by radiation exposure and is seen to be a component of the radioresistance response. Citation Format: Shaker A. Mousa, Sudha Thangirala, Murat Yalcin, John T. Leith, Aleck Hercbergs, Hung-Yun Lin, Heng-Yuan Tang, Mary K. Luidens, Paul J. Davis. Actions of nanoparticulate tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Nanotetrac) on human prostate carcinoma xenograft growth, vascularity and integrin response to radiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5378. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5378
Worsening Oxygen Saturation During Treatment With Oxidative Drugs: A Clinical Reminder
Authors: Jane A. Driver
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dapsone and primaquine phosphate are commonly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia (PCP) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A 42-year-old man with AIDS presented with a 2-week history of fever, chills, shortness of breath, and nonproductive cough. The chest x-ray film revealed a diffuse fine infiltrate suggestive of PCP. The diagnosis was later confirmed with bronchoalveolar lavage. On admission, an arterial blood gas analysis revealed a pH of 7.43, Pco<sub>2</sub>of 35.2 mm Hg, Po<sub>2</sub>of 82.5 mm Hg, and arterial blood oxygen saturation (sAO<sub>2</sub>) of 89.2% on room air. The CD4<sup>+</sup>cell count was 0.018X10<sup>9</sup>/L (18/μL). The patient was allergic to sulfa drugs and had been taking oral dapsone (100 mg daily) as PCP prophylaxis for the past 5 years. He was started on intravenous clindamycin (900 mg, 3 times daily) and primaquine
THE PATENCY OF SWEAT DUCTS IN NORMAL-LOOKING SKIN
Authors: CLIVE JOHNSON, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

The sweat response to iontophoresis with pilocarpine was measured in the clinically normal skin between the lesions of psoriasis and in normal‐looking skin of a control group of subjects. The sweat rate was found not to be affected by complete removal of the stratum corneum either in the normal‐looking skin of patients with psoriasis or in the healthy skin of control subjects. It is concluded that sweat duct occlusion is not a feature of normal skin or of the skin between the lesions of psoriasis.
A different disease, many diseases or mild asthma gone bad? Challenges of severe asthma
Authors: S.E. Wenzel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

In the last 10 yrs, significant improvements have been made in the understanding of asthma. This improvement has partly been made through descriptive pathological and physiological studies, which have generally demonstrated a T‐helper‐2 pattern of local airway inflammation. Reducing this inflammation with corticosteroids (CS) leads to a better outcome for many asthmatics, with an impact on symptoms, quality of life and healthcare utilisation. Despite these improvements, it has become increasingly obvious that there remains a group of asthmatics who do not respond to treatment in the manner predicted by the response in milder asthmatics. The explanations for the inability to substantially impact outcomes in this population have ranged from psychological to pathological, but all have been based on limited data. In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , the first report from a large-scale, multicentre effort to understand severe asthma begins to offer some clues, while, however, raising many new questions 1.

The report from the European Network for Understanding Mechanisms of Severe Asthma (ENFUMOSA) suggests that severe asthma may, in fact, be a different disease to mild-to-moderate, current-treatment responsive asthma 1. This cross-sectional study evaluated over 150 severe asthmatics, who had been identified by their high corticosteroid use and healthcare utilisation, and who were well known to their physicians. These asthmatics differed from the control group of mild-to-moderate asthmatics in the predominance of females, aspirin sensitivity and lower level of atopy, either personally or by family history. As expected, physiologically the severe asthmatics were more obstructed, but, in addition, there was more air-trapping and, surprisingly, a slightly lower diffusing capacity than in control asthmatics. Sputum analysis suggested that despite high-dose inhaled and, in 30%, oral steroids, eosinophil percentages remained at the level of controlled mild-to-moderate asthmatics (both still high, ∼10%). Neutrophils were …
THE INCIDENCE OF PARAVALVULAR REGURGITATION IN TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-GUIDED DEPLOYMENT OF TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IS COMPARABLE TO THAT OF TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-GUIDED DEPLOYMENT
Authors: Salim Hayek, Arash Harzand, Hawkins Gay, Christina Chrysohoou, Jose Condado Contreras, Vasilis Babaliaros, Vinod Thourani, Stamatios Lerakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)