tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Health Status
Authors: G. Richard Smith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  We congratulate Dr Nelson and colleagues on their article, Functional Health Status Level of Primary Care Patients, 1 and note their data about agreement and disagreement between physician and patient of assessment of functional health status. We report similar data that suggest an additional area where the level of agreement may be higher.  We studied a large group of patients with somatization disorder who were cared for by primary care physicians. This psychiatric disorder is characterized by a large number of medical complaints without sufficient medical problems to account for these complaints. 2 Each patient completed the entire health status scales developed by The Rand Corporation. 3 Their physicians made global ratings of functional status in three areas by marking a line on a 10-cm bipolar scale with the ends of the scale representing extremes for each area. The three areas were physical health, mental health, and
Teenagers say slim cigarettes are "cool" and "classy"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

More evidence that children and teenagers are influenced by the appearance of cigarettes has emerged from a small study in which 15 year olds described slim cigarettes as “cute, classy, and feminine” and perceived them to be weaker and less harmful than standard brands.

The findings, from a study published in the European Journal of Public Health ,1 back up evidence from research published last month and involving 1000 children that showed that glitzy and glamorous cigarette packaging made children susceptible to taking up smoking.2

Cancer Research UK, which funded the latest study, is urging the public to support its …
ABC of Urology: SUBFERTILITY AND MALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
Authors: C. Dawson, H. Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1996)

As many as 15% of couples fail to conceive a child after a year of unprotected intercourse. It is important to investigate both partners fully to evaluate properly where the problem lies. This article considers only the male factors in subfertility. Contribution to subfertility View this table: Men in whom one or both testicles were undescended at birth have lower semen quality than normal, regardless of whether an early orchiopexy was performed. Spermatogenesis can also be impaired if a patient has had testicular pain in childhood or adolescence (signifying an episode of torsion); has had mumps orchitis after puberty; or has used certain prescribed drugs or has misused drugs. As spermatozoa take up to three months to mature fully, seminal analysis may also yield abnormal results for a while if a patient has had a fever. #### Important factors Several surgical operations may also impair fertility. Retrograde ejaculation may occur in about 40% of men after a bladder neck incision and is even more common after transurethral prostatectomy. The vas deferens and the testicular blood supply may both be damaged during repair of inguinal hernia. Dissection of retroperitoneal lymph nodes may affect the emission and ejaculation of semen by interrupting the sympathetic nervous system. #### Drugs that may inhibit spermatogenesis A general physical inspection will confirm that a patient has normal secondary sexual characteristics. Abnormalities such as hepatomegaly or gynaecomastia may suggest hypogonadism or hormonal abnormalities. The testes should be confirmed to lie vertically in the scrotum and be assessed for size and consistency. The vas deferens, reported to be absent in 2% of infertile men, should be carefully palpated. Finally, the patient should stand while the scrotum is examined for the presence of a varicocele. #### Frequency of sexual intercourse
Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: It's not lactulose
Authors: Debbie L Shawcross, Rajiv Jalan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-Despite research in tropical medicine being undertaken in countries from low human development index, authorship and editorial opinion remain with countries from higher development index.This unfair trend observed by Keiser et al demands to be addressed and overturned. 1 This observed bias may arise because countries of high human development index fund the bulk of research in tropical medicine. 2 3Authors from these countries have prepared the grant applications, taken principal investigator status, and believe that they should take primary or terminal authorship.Researchers from low human development index countries can break this cycle only if they can obtain international funding themselves or are allowed authorship by the principal investigators.It seems this is rarely extended to the collaborators in tropical countries, even though they are the ones practically conducting the study.If such generosity in authorship and mentorship were provided, this would enable researchers from low human devel-
SYPHILIS AND ANEURYSM: Age and Sex Incidence and Cause of Death in Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: E. M. Brockbank
Journal: BMJ (1925)

SYPHILIS AND ANEURYSM.[TMDICL JORWAS by passing a thin hernia bistoury along my finger (Fig. 7) and thus to reliev-e the stenosis, and this could have been done with perfect facility had it been conisidered advisable.The problem of cardiac surgery has frequontly attracted the attentioni of both physicianis and surgeons, and two years ago the BRITISH MEDICATL JOURSIAL summed up, in an adnmirable *1 g article, its history and position at n that time.It is now being httacked with characteristic eneergy by seveeral American surgeons fromii various poinlts of view.On the experimental side
DES-Related Cancers Under Renewed Scrutiny
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article DES-Related Cancers Under Renewed Scrutiny Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 8, 15 April 1992, Pages 565–566, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.8.565 Published: 15 April 1992
EXERCISE—ITS PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS.Read before the Topeka Academy of Medicine.
Authors: W. L. SCHENCK
Journal: JAMA (1894)

South says:  made no faculty but also provided it with a proper object on which to exercise itself. As God does no unnecessary thing, exercise is essential to the health and development of each organ of the body, each faculty of the soul. Progress demands constant renewal and readjustment. Change is the changeless law of nature. The old must give place to the new. The present is but the everchanging eternal link that binds the future to the past, and in all organic life, with properly regulated activities, each new link will be stronger than the last. Evolution is the law of God. Crabbe defines exercise as repeated or continued exertion, coupled with purpose. Physiologically, it is that wisely regulated activity through which, by one of those beautiful compensations, so often observed in nature, both the force expended and the atoms destroyed, are renewed in more potential form. It
Reg2 inactivation increases sensitivity to Fas hepatotoxicity and delays liver regeneration post-hepatectomy in mice
Authors: Hanh-Tu Lieu, Marie-Thérèse Simon, Thao Nguyen-Khoa, Messeret Kebede, Alexandre Cortes, Luis Tebar, Andrew J. H. Smith, Rosemary Bayne, Stephen P. Hunt, Christian Bréchot, Laurence Christa
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Reg2/RegIIIbeta is the murine homologue of the human secreted HIP/PAP C-type lectin. HIP/PAP transgenic mice were protected against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure and were stimulated to regenerate post-hepatectomy. To assess the role of Reg2, we used Reg2-/- mice in a model of fulminant hepatitis induced by Fas and in the post-hepatectomy regeneration. Within 4 hours of J0-2 treatment (0.5 microg/g), only 50% of the Reg2-/- mice were alive but with an increased sensitivity to Fas-induced oxidative stress and a decreased level of Bcl-xL. In contrast, HIP/PAP transgenic mice were resistant to Fas, with HIP/PAP serving as a sulfhydryl buffer to slow down decreases in glutathione and Bcl-xL. In Reg2-/- mice, liver regeneration was markedly impaired, with 29% mortality and delay of the S-phase and the activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Activation of STAT3 began on time at 3 hours but persisted strongly up to 72 hours despite significant accumulation of SOCS3. Thus, Reg2 deficiency induced exaggerated IL-6/STAT-3 activation and mito-inhibition. Because the Reg2 gene was activated between 6 and 24 hours after hepatectomy in wild-type mice, Reg2 could mediate the TNF-alpha/IL-6 priming signaling by exerting a negative feed-back on STAT3/IL-6 activation to allow the hepatocytes to progress through the cell cycle. In conclusion, Reg2 deficiency enhanced liver sensitivity to Fas-induced oxidative stress and delayed liver regeneration with persistent TNF-alpha/IL6/STAT3 signaling. In contrast, overexpression of human HIP/PAP promoted liver resistance to Fas and accelerated liver regeneration with early activation/deactivation of STAT3. Reg2/HIP/PAP is therefore a critical mitogenic and antiapoptotic factor for the liver.
Mycobacterium gordonae: a new pathogen?
Authors: J G Douglas, M A Calder, Y F Choo-Kang, A G Leitch
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Mycobacterium gordonae is a slow growing scotochromogenic acid fast bacillus (Runyon group II) with specific cultural and biochemical characteristics. It is a contaminant of water, soil, and raw milk and is usually considered to be saprophytic and non-pathogenic in man. We have recently seen two cases of pulmonary disease that may have been due to M gordonae, and we now report these and review our recent experience of this organism.
The Oxford Companion to Medicine
Authors: David W. Sharp
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The city of Oxford is synonymous with lexicography. Lately, however, there have emerged from that distinguished stable some horses of unusual pedigree, lacking the pure thoroughbred line of the English dictionaries. The<i>Oxford Dictionary of Natural History</i>has not met with universal acclaim, and this "companion" will take some getting used to. The editors note the hazards, but they do not seem sure of their target. "A comprehensive reference book concerned with the theory, practice, and profession of medicine" is the publisher's immodest goal. What we have is a medical encyclopedia/history/dictionary. Most dictionaries stray from words, of course—a good example being Wiley's<i>International</i><i>Dictionary of Medicine and Biology</i>(1986)—but the Oxford companion goes a lot further in 150 wide-ranging essays. It is on these well-written longer entries that a judgment for the benefit of potential clients among<i>JAMA</i>'s readership should be made. The reactions of any reader to a
Unusual Cases Involving the CNS and Nasal Sinuses
Authors: Guy Rosenthal, John Moshe Gomori, Samuel Tobias, Judith Diment, Yigal Shoshan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.014 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 14551307 Unusual Cases Involving the CNS and Nasal Sinuses CASE 1. PRIMARY LEPTOMENINGEAL MELANOMA Guy RosenthalxGuy RosenthalSearch for articles by this author , John Moshe GomorixJohn Moshe GomoriSearch for articles by this author , Samuel TobiasxSamuel TobiasSearch for articles by this author , Judith DimentxJudith DimentSearch for articles by this author , Yigal ShoshanxYigal ShoshanSearch for articles by this author Show More Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology, and Pathology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.10.014 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Detection of Heterotopic Calcification with 99mTc-Pyrophosphate in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: VED PRAKASH, MAX S. LIN, INDER PERKASH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Whole body99m Tc-pyrophosphate scans were obtained and correlated with skeletal radiographs for detection of heterotopic calcification in 122 spinal injury patients. There were 27 patients with recent injury (less than 6 months) and 95 with injury of 6 months to 25 years duration. Ectopic calcification was detected in 8 of the 27 patients (30%) with recent injury and in 32 of the 95 (34%) with injury of over 6 months duration. Ectopic calcification seen on radiographs were also seen on scans in all instances. The scan was a sensitive indicator of the ectopic calcification particularly at its early stage, and detected its presence before observable radiographic changes in 5 patients with injury of 1-3 months duration. In 3 of the 5 patients, the ectopic calcification mimicked deep vein thrombosis in presentation, and the scan was valuable in identifying the nature of the complication.
IgE Anti-Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Antibodies Detected in Serum From Inner City Serum IgE Positive Asthmatic and Serum IgE Negative Nonasthmatic Children
Authors: Elizabeth Tam, Kevin Norowitz, Kobkul Chotikanatis, Helen G. Durkin, Martin H. Bluth, Stephan A. Kohlhoff, Tamar A. Smith-Norowitz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: O. Savage
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

The fourth edition of this well-known book has been brought up to date.There is a new chapter on the systemic rheumatic diseases and many sections have been revised.As the author states, this is a book for final-year students and General Practitioners.The difficulty in compressing the many aetiological theories from stress to auto-immunity has been overcome in a masterly manner.In a small book the opinions must inevitably be didactic, but a good balance has been obtained between the various treatments and sound advice is given on their suitability for different types of case.
Suspected chloroquine-resistant malaria in Nigeria.
Authors: A G Rivett
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations were used to assess compliance.Only patients in whom the concentrations fell to under 2% during the no-smoking period were included in the study.Concentrations of up to 2% during no-smoking periods are acceptable: non-smokers living and working in the City of London have a mean concentration of 1-3%.12During the smoking periods our patients had carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in excess of 4%.This study has shown that smoking in addition to its known epidemiological associations has direct and adverse effects on the heart.These were still evident after treatment with propranolol and represent a hindrance to the effective medical treatment of angina pectoris.
Health Inequalities: Lifecourse Approaches
Authors: J. P Mackenbach
Journal: BMJ (2003)

This book is a selection of George Davey Smith's papers on health inequalities published between 1990 and 2002. Not counting the afterword, 39 papers are reproduced, of which a third originally appeared in the BMJ . Davey Smith (or GDS) has made and edited the selection himself, so it provides a good opportunity to catch a glimpse of the man behind this prolific writer and “professional preventive medicine apparatchik” (his words, p 524). Ed George Davey Smith The Policy Press, £25/$37.50, pp 548 ISBN 1861343221 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The book is loosely constructed around the new theme of “lifecourse approaches”—attempts to understand health inequalities from the cumulation and interaction of factors acting early and later in life. Although GDS was originally sceptical about David Barker's work on the early-life origins of adult disease, he soon recognised the potential of lifecourse approaches for understanding health inequalities. Nine of the papers here directly illustrate the lifecourse approach. In a set of important papers based on the west of Scotland collaborative study—a cohort of almost 6000 men recruited … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Chromosome aberrations in a series of 120 multiple myeloma cases with abnormal karyotypes
Authors: Anwar N. Mohamed, Gail Bentley, Michelle L. Bonnett, Jeff Zonder, Ayad Al‐Katib
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

We identified 120 multiple myeloma (MM) cases with satisfactory cytogenetic evaluation and abnormal karyotypes. Hyperdiploid karyotype was found in 77 cases (64%), hypodiploid in 30 cases (25%), and the remaining 13 cases (11%) had a pseudodiploid karyotype. The most common numerical abnormalities were gains of chromosomes 15, 9, 3 followed by chromosomes 19, 11, 7, 21, and 5. Whole chromosome losses were also frequent involving primarily chromosomes X/Y, 8, 13, 14, and 22. Most cases showed also structural rearrangements leading to del(1p), dup(1q), del(5q), del(6q), del(8p), del(9p), del(13q), and del(17p). Chromosome 13/13q deletion was found in 52% of cases; complete loss of 13 was observed in 73% of cases, whereas 27% had interstitial deletions. In addition, 13/13q deletions occurred in 75% of nonhyperdiploid myeloma but only 39% of the hyperdiploid had 13/13q deletions. Translocations affecting 14q32/IGH region was seen 40 cases; t(11;14)(q13;q32) in 17 cases, t(14;16)(q32;q23) and t(8;14)(q24;q32) in three cases each, and t(6;14)(p21;q32) and t(1;14)(q21;q32) in two cases each. The remaining 14q32 translocations had various t(V;14) partners or of an undetermined origin. Remarkably, the 14q32/IGH translocations were less frequent in the hyperdiploid karyotypes than the nonhyperdiploid karyotypes (17 vs. 63%). Fourteen cases showed break at 8q24/CMYC site; seven of those had Burkitt's-type translocations. Our results revealed that conventional cytogenetics remains an important tool in elucidating the complex and divers genetic anomalies of MM. Cytogenetics identifies two distinct groups of MM, hyperdiploid and nonhyperdiploid, and establishes the presence of prognostic chromosomal markers such as 13/13q, 17p, 8q24, and 16q aberrations.
Synthesis of stress proteins in rat cardiac myocytes 2-4 days after imposition of hemodynamic overload.
Authors: C Delcayre, J L Samuel, F Marotte, M Best-Belpomme, J J Mercadier, L Rappaport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Isolated adult myocytes incubated with [35S]methionine were used to study the expression of proteins in the rat heart during the first 2 wk after either pressure or volume overload. In both models an early (2-4 d) and transient expression of three major stress proteins (heat shock protein [HSP] HSP 70, HSP 68, and HSP 58) was observed together with an increased synthesis of putative ribosomal proteins. Only traces of 35S-labeled HSPs were detected in controls and sham-operated animals. The three stress proteins were identified by their migration in two-dimensional gels, by comigration with HSPs, which had been induced in myocytes by incubation at 41 degrees C and immunoblot analysis using antisera directed against the 70-kD protein. Immunohistochemical staining of HSP 70 in rod-shaped myocytes and detection by immunoblot showed that HSP 70 was equally present and distributed in both sham-operated and overloaded hearts, and provided no evidence for a subpopulation of myocytes acutely involved in the increased expression of HSP 70. It is suggested that the transient expression of HSPs that occurs during the early adaptation of the myocardial cells to overload could confer some degree of protection to the actively growing myocytes.
Screening Adults for Bladder Cancer: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Roger Chou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Bladder cancer is 1 of the 10 most frequently diagnosed types of cancer. Screening could identify high-grade bladder cancer at earlier stages, when it may be more easily and effectively treated. Purpose: To update the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evidence review on screening for bladder cancer in adults in primary care settings. Data Sources: MEDLINE (2002 to December 2009), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (through the fourth quarter of 2009), and the CancerLit subsection of PubMed (through March 2010) were searched for studies published in English. Study Selection: Randomized trials and controlled observational studies that directly evaluated screening for bladder cancer in adults, studies on the diagnostic accuracy of screening tests for bladder cancer, and randomized trials and controlled observational studies on clinical outcomes associated with treatment compared with no treatment of screen-detected or superficial bladder cancer. Data Extraction: Details were abstracted about the patient sample, study design, data analysis, follow-up, and results. Quality was assessed by using methods developed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Data Synthesis: No randomized trials or high-quality controlled observational studies evaluated clinical outcomes associated with screening compared with no screening or treatment of screen-detected bladder cancer compared with no treatment. No study evaluated the sensitivity or specificity of tests for hematuria, urinary cytology, or other urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer in asymptomatic persons without a history of bladder cancer. The positive predictive value of screening is less than 10% in asymptomatic persons, including higher-risk populations. No study evaluated harms associated with treatment of screen-detected bladder cancer compared with no treatment. Limitation: High-quality evidence was not available for any of the key questions. Conclusion: Additional research is needed to determine whether screening of adults for bladder cancer leads to better outcomes compared with no screening. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
On the Caffeination of Prematurity
Authors: David K. Stevenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

It was recognized more than three decades ago1 that methylxanthines can reduce the frequency of apneic episodes in premature infants. Since that time, methylxanthines have become part of the routine clinical management of apnea of prematurity, with caffeine the treatment of choice because of its long half-life in the neonate.2 However, there has been ongoing concern, and a lack of good data, about potential long-term risks. In particular, caffeine can decrease cerebral blood flow in adults (when present at levels that are probably higher than the doses recommended for therapeutic use in babies)3 and can inhibit adenosine receptors,4 possibly compromising . . .
Screeing Methods for Presymptomatic Diagnosis
Authors: C. L. Sharp
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Screening Methods for Presymptomatic DiagnosisSIR,-I have been asked by the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization to write and present a report on this subject to their meeting in Prague in 1964.The World Health Organization was good enough to arrange for me to visit Czechoslovakia and Swe'en to meet people carrying out projects along these lines.I am, however,
Identification of IgE-binding components of citrus red mite in sera of patients with citrus red mite–induced asthma
Authors: Hee-Yeon Kim, Hae-Sim Park, Yoon-Keun Kim, Jee-Woong Son, Hyun-Ah Kim, Jung-Hee Suh, Dong-Ho Nahm, Sang-Heon Cho, Kyung-Up Min, You-Young Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)