tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of short-chain fatty acids in cirrhosis and hepatic coma
Authors: Mette Rye Clausen, Per Brøbech Mortensen, Flemming Bendtsen
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Short-chain fatty acids cause reversible coma in animals and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the hepatic coma in humans. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in peripheral venous blood were significantly elevated in 15 patients with hepatic encephalopathy caused by cirrhosis (362 +/- 83 mumol/L; mean +/- S.E.M.) compared with 17 cirrhotic patients without encephalopathy (178 +/- 57 mumol/L) and 11 normal individuals (60 +/- 8 mumol/L). However, no correlation between the depth of coma and the level of short-chain fatty acids was found after repetitive measurements in the coma group. Compared with normal individuals, all short-chain fatty acids, except valerate, were elevated in patients with hepatic encephalopathy, whereas only the concentrations of isobutyrate and isovalerate were significantly elevated in cirrhotic patients without encephalopathy. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in 21 nonencephalopathic cirrhotic patients who underwent catheterization were equally distributed in the aorta (187 +/- 56 mumol/L), the hepatic vein (212 +/- 75 mumol/L), the azygos vein (140 +/- 37 mumol/L) and the renal vein (135 +/- 43 mumol/L) compared with peripheral venous blood (178 +/- 57 mumol/L). This study does not support the idea that short-chain fatty acids are of major importance in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma in patients with cirrhosis.
A NOVEL MOBILE DEVICE BASED HAMSTRING STRENGTH TEST RESULT CAN PREDICT ISOKINETIC HAMSTRING STRENGTH IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS: A STUDY OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
Authors: JWY Lee, SJ Yan, HCK Chan, QKC Yau, P SHYung, KM Chan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Isokinetic hamstring strength test is considered as a golden standard for identifying players with increased risk of hamstring strain injuries. However, those testing protocols were time consuming and inconvenient. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of a novel mobile device based hamstring strength test in soccer players. It is hypothesized that a greater forward flexion angle is associated a greater isokinetic hamstring strength. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting A physical test of hamstring strength in clinical setting. Participants 30 first team players were recruited from professional football clubs. Main Outcome Measurements In the CUHK hamstring strength test (CUHK test), a smartphone was attached on subject's lower back. Subjects were instructed to lower the upper body from a kneeling position until the point he cannot sustain. Trunk forward flexion angle and angular velocity were recorded by the device. In the isokinetic hamstring strength test, it examined subjects' concentric and eccentric hamstring peak torque. Pearson Correlation, linear regression and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to examine the validity and reliability. Results Result shown that the reliability was good, R=0.845. The CUHK strength test result was highly correlated with isokinetic hamstring peak torque at ecc. 30 degree/second, con. 60 degree/second, con. 240 degree/second respectively, i.e. R=0.81, 0.73 and 0.66. Linear regression analysis shown that the CUHK test was the best to predict isokinetic eccentric hamstring performance at 30 degree/second, R 2 =0.81, P&lt;.001). Conclusions CUHK hamstring strength test is a reliable and valid tool to examine athletes' hamstring muscle performance. Clinician and sports coaches may adopt this test for screening and monitoring athletes or patients during rehabilitation or preseason period. Individualized rehabilitation or strength training recommendation could be made based on the test result.
TCTAP A-018 The Successful Experience of Establishment of Ambulance Pre-Hospital Electrocardiogram System in Kaohsiung City, TAIWAN
Authors: Wei-Chun Huang, Cheng Chung Hung, Yi-Jyan Liou, Cheng-Hung Chiang, Sung-Ming Hung, Yi-Shou Lin, Chin-Chang Cheng, Feng Yu Kuo, Kuan-Rau Chiou, Chien-Jung Chen, Li-Shuang Yan, Hsiao-Hsing Wang, Chin-Yen Liu, Pei-Leun Kang, Hong-Long cheng, Chi-Kung Ho, Guang-Yuan Mar, Chun-Peng Liu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Maritime health care
Authors: J Putnam
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

The delivery of health care to seafarers is described

Maritime medicine refers to providing medical care for seafarers1 including the people working in the merchant marine, the commercial fishing fleets, offshore oil platforms, and the cruise ship industry, the segment best known to most of us. It also includes provision of care through shore based pre-employment and seafarer consultation clinics. These various maritime medical practices present very different alternatives to the clinics, emergency rooms, and hospital environments where most of us practice. They may provide a working vacation (often emphasis on “work”), a few months sabbatical, or a career.

Practicing medicine at sea incorporates many aspects of “wilderness medicine.” Dr Warren Bowman’s editorial in Wilderness Medicine ,2 “Perspectives on being a wilderness physician” describes wilderness medicine as medical care delivery in situations where “definitive medical care may be hours or days away because of distance, adverse environmental conditions, lack of transportation, or difficulties in communication.” This definition applies to work in parks, forests, and other designated wilderness areas, but is equally applicable in other environments including Antarctic research stations, remote clinics in developed countries, healthcare facilities in many “third world” countries, rural or urban locales after natural disasters, and in most of the cruise industry.

Cruise medicine provides the challenges and rewards of practicing medicine in a resource limited environment while providing the opportunity to travel to interesting, sometimes very remote, places and to meet people also intrigued by international travel …
Enterotoxigenic Intestinal Bacteria in Tropical Sprue
Authors: FREDERICK A. KLIPSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Bacterial growth was seen in cultures of fasting or postprandial midjejunal aspirates from 10 of 11 patients with tropical sprue; 2 of 4 healthy North Americans; and 7 of 9 Puerto Rican control subjects, 2 of whom had diarrhea. Aspirates from the patients with sprue had a significantly higher mean colony count and consisted predominantly of coliform organisms (Klebsiella pneumoniae in seven, Enterobacter cloacae in two, and Escherichia coli in one). Both symptomatic Puerto Rican control subjects also harbored coliforms. Representative strains of the predominant conforms isolated from each patient with sprue all produced an enterotoxin that evoked fluid secretion in the rabbit ileal-loop model, and their principal product of fermentation, ethanol, was present in aspirates from eight of nine patients tested. In contrast, the jejunal flora of the asymptomatic Puerto Ricans and North Americans consisted either of Gram-positive or obligatedly anaerobic bacteria, and none of these subjects had ethanol in their aspirate.
Abstract 2275: A novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, NVP-AUY922, enhances the antitumor effect of imatinib via autophagy on imatinib-resistant CML cells
Authors: Yoichi Osato, Tomohisa Yokoyama, Hiroko Hayabe, Akime Miyasato, Takao Akashi, Seiichiro Komatsu, Tetsuzo Tauchi, Kazuma Ohyashiki
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib mesylate, has revolutionized the treatment of CML, however, the development of TKI-resistance caused in approximately 10-25% of cases by mutation in the BCR-ABL kinase domain. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to address the emerging problem of imatinib-resistant CML. Recently, the heat shock proteins of 90 kDa (Hsp90) have emerged as targets of interest in cancer therapy. NVP-AUY922 (Novartis) is a novel 4, 5-diaryloxazole ATP-binding site heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, which has been shown to inhibit the chaperone function of HSP90 and delete the levels of HSP90 client protein including BCR-ABL. We have recently reported that combined treatment of NVP-AUY922 and BCR-ABL TKI exhibits a desirable therapeutic index that can reduce the in vivo growth of mutant form of BCR-ABL-expressing cells (Oncogene 30, 2789-97, 2011). However, the mechanism of programmed cell death (PCD) is not yet completely understood. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of PCD induction by the combined treatment of NVP-AUY922 and imatinib on wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of BCR-ABL Baf-3 cells (E255K and T315I). Imatinib-mediated inhibitory effect was observed on WT cells, however, E255K and T315I cells were less sensitive to imatinib than WT cells. BCR-ABL mutant T315I cells were the most resistant to imatinib. On the other hands, NVP-AUY922 was synergistically sensitized tumor cells to imatinib on both WT and imatinib-resistant Baf-3 cells. Activity of caspase-3/7 was increased by combined treatment with imatinib and/or NVP-AUY922 on WT cells, indicating induction of apoptosis. In contrast, apoptosis induced by combined treatment with imatinib and/or NVP-AUY922 was significantly suppressed, although the inhibition of cell growth was still detectable on E255K and T315I cells. May-Giemsa staining revealed that many vacuoles were detected in the cytoplasm by combined treatment with imatinib and NVP-AUY922 on E255K and T315I cells, indicating the morphologic features of autophagy. We are currently conducting autophagy-detection assay and determining autophagic signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that NVP-AUY922 enhances the antitumor effect of imatinib, through activation of autophagy on imatinib-resistant CML cells. These data strongly suggest that combined treatment of imatinib and NVP-AUY922 is a novel approach for the treatment of patients with imatinib-resistant CML. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2275. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2275
Characterization of pollen antigen–induced IL-31 production by PBMCs in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Mitsuhiro Okano, Tazuko Fujiwara, Takaya Higaki, Seiichiro Makihara, Takenori Haruna, Yohei Noda, Kengo Kanai, Shin Kariya, Hiroshi Yasueda, Kazunori Nishizaki
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Mild Cognitive Impairment Concerns about memory, word-finding, or other cognitive (mental function) problems are common among older adults.A mild cognitive problem is different from dementia, however, because dementia is diagnosed only when both memory and another cognitive function are each affected severely enough to interfere with a person' s ability to carry out routine daily activities.Dementia is much more severe than a mild memory problem such as difficulty recalling names.The July 22/29, 2009, issue of JAMA includes an article about mild cognitive impairment.This Patient Page is based on one published in the October 1, 2008, issue.
Re: Effectiveness of Endoscopic Drainage for Pancreas Divisum, Endoscopy 20 (1990) 129
Authors: J. H. Siegel
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

See also: Effectiveness of Endoscopic Drainage for Pancreas Divisum: Endoscopic and Surgical Results in 31 PatientsEndoscopy 1990; 22(03): 129-133DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010727
Genetic characterisation of spontaneous ankylosing arthropathy with unique inheritance from Fas-deficient strains of mice
Authors: Shiro Mori, Ming-Cai Zhang, Naoko Tanda, Fumiko Date, Masato Nose, Hiroshi Furukawa, Masao Ono
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Background:</b> The spontaneous onset of macroscopic arthropathy in the ankle of the particular F<sub>1</sub> mice descended from two <i>Fas</i>-deficient strains of mice; a mutant substrain of MRL/Mp.<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i> (MRL/rpl) and C3H/He.<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i> (C3H/lpr) was recently observed. <b>Aim:</b> To histopathologically characterise and genetically interpret the unique inheritance mode of disease in this arthropathy model. <b>Methods:</b> MRL/rpl, C3H/lpr, (MRL/rpl × C3H/lpr; MC) F<sub>1</sub>, (C3H/lpr × MRL/rpl; CM) F<sub>1</sub> and MCF<sub>2</sub> mice were bred under specific pathogen-free conditions. Histopathological grade of arthropathy was determined at 6 months by examination under a light microscope. To search for a linkage locus to the arthropathy, the whole genome of selected 48 male MCF<sub>2</sub> mice with 71 polymorphic microsatellite markers was scanned, followed by quantitative trait locus analysis. <b>Results:</b> The incidence of microscopically defined arthropathy in the male and female MCF<sub>1</sub> groups was 100% and 19.4%, respectively. No incidence was observed in the parental strains, MRL/rpl and C3H/lpr, and in CMF<sub>1</sub> mice. In the MCF<sub>1</sub> mice, the arthropathy mainly affected the ankle joints and was histopathologically characterised by marked entheseal proliferation with chondrocytic differentiation and ossification in the ankle joints, the manifestations similar to ankylosing enthesitis reported previously. An MRL/rpl-derived autosomal dominant susceptibility locus was mapped in the distal of <i>D7Mit68</i> (60 cM) to the ankylosis onset. <b>Conclusion:</b> The MCF<sub>1</sub> mice stably develop spontaneous ankylosing disorders in the ankle, with a male predominance. The unique inheritance mode of ankylosis is possibly interpreted by the genetic interaction between the autosomal dominant locus and a Y-linked locus.
Iron and HFE or TfR1 mutations as comorbid factors for development and progression of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Herbert L Bonkovsky, Nicole Troy, Kristina McNeal, Barbara F Banner, Ashish Sharma, Jorge Obando, Savant Mehta, Raymond S Koff, Qin Liu, Chung-Cheng Hsieh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Cardiac Sodium Channel ( <i>SCN5A</i> ) Variants Associated with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Dawood Darbar, Prince J. Kannankeril, Brian S. Donahue, Gayle Kucera, Tanya Stubblefield, Jonathan L. Haines, Alfred L. George, Dan M. Roden
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Genetic studies have identified ion channel gene variants in families segregating atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that vulnerability to AF is associated with variation in SCN5A, the gene encoding the cardiac sodium channel.
Association Between Hemoglobin A1c and All-Cause Mortality: Results of the Mortality Follow-up of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998
Authors: Rebecca Paprott, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Markus A. Busch, Yong Du, Silke Thiele, Christa Scheidt-Nave, Christin Heidemann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE This study examined the association of HbA1c-defined glycemic status and continuous HbA1c with all-cause mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population comprised 6,299 participants (aged 18–79 years) of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998, who were followed up for mortality for an average of 11.6 years. Glycemic status was defined as known diabetes (self-reported diagnosis or intake of antidiabetic medication) and based on HbA1c levels according to American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria as undiagnosed diabetes (≥6.5% [≥48 mmol/mol]), prediabetes with very high (6.0–6.4% [42–46 mmol/mol]) or high diabetes risk (5.7–5.9% [39–41 mmol/mol]), and normoglycemia (&amp;lt;5.7% [&amp;lt;39 mmol/mol]). Associations between glycemic status and mortality were examined by Cox regression adjusting for age, sex, education, lifestyle factors, anthropometric measures, and history of chronic diseases (reference: normoglycemia). Spline models were fitted to investigate associations between continuous HbA1c and mortality among participants without known diabetes. RESULTS Excess mortality risk was observed for participants with known diabetes (hazard ratio 1.41 [95% CI 1.08–1.84]) and undiagnosed diabetes (1.63 [1.23–2.17]) but not for those with high (1.02 [0.80–1.30]) or very high diabetes risk (0.87 [0.67–1.13]). Spline models revealed a U-shaped association, with lowest risk at HbA1c levels 5.4–5.6% (36–38 mmol/mol) and a significantly increased risk at ≤5.0% (≤31 mmol/mol) and ≥6.4% (≥46 mmol/mol). CONCLUSIONS Unlike known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels in the prediabetic range were not associated with an increased mortality risk. The observed U-shaped relationship adds to existing evidence that not only high but also low HbA1c levels might be associated with all-cause mortality.
Long-Term Medical Care of Testicular Cancer Survivors
Authors: David J. Vaughn, Gretchen A. Gignac, Anna T. Meadows
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor diagnosed in men 20 to 35 years of age. Because of highly effective treatments that may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, most patients become long-term survivors. Health-related issues that confront testicular cancer survivors include the late medical effects of chemotherapy, the late relapse of disease, the development of second cancers, the effect of the disease and treatment on fertility, and the psychosocial consequences. This case-based discussion focuses on the primary care physician's evaluation and management of a long-term survivor of testicular cancer who was previously treated with surgery and chemotherapy.
Left Ventricular Stretch Stimulates Angiotensin II– Mediated Phosphatidylinositol Hydrolysis and Protein Kinase C ε Isoform Translocation in Adult Guinea Pig Hearts
Authors: Karamchand Paul, Nancy A. Ball, Gerald W. Dorn, Richard A. Walsh
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Stretch of neonatal cardiomyocytes activates phospholipase C with production of inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol in part by formation of angiotensin II (Ang II). However, the response of this pathway to physical stimuli in the adult heart is poorly understood. Thus, in isovolumic perfused guinea pig hearts, we characterized stretch-mediated phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis and protein kinase C (PKC) isoform translocation using elevated diastolic pressure. Balloon dilatation (minimum diastolic pressure, 25 mm Hg) of the left ventricle (LV) stimulated PI hydrolysis. Pretreatment of stretched hearts with the specific angiotensin (AT 1 ) receptor antagonist losartan abolished stretch-mediated accumulation of inositol phosphates. To examine PKC isoform expression and activation under these conditions, whole-heart extracts were examined by immunoblot analysis. Ang II translocated PKCε to the particulate fraction. 4β-Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but not an inactive congener translocated PKCε to the particulate fraction and produced a decrease in myocardial contractile function. Mechanical stretch also translocated PKCε to the particulate fraction; however, this was attenuated but not abolished by losartan. We conclude that in the adult heart, LV dilatation produced stretch-mediated activation of phospholipase C, which resulted in PI hydrolysis and PKCε activation in part by stimulation of the local renin angiotensin system. In contrast to stretch-mediated inositol phosphate accumulation, PKCε translocation is not prevented by AT 1 receptor blockade, indicating that this PKC isoform can be activated in response to mechanical deformation by an Ang II–independent mechanism in the adult myocardium.
Not a Linebacker
Authors: B. J. Poletti
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  Marsha Meyer carefully critiqued the painting Linebacker (1981;246:2137). She noted the smallest details of posture and mood.  One observation seems to have escaped her discerning eye. The player in the painting wears a number in the 70s, probably 70 or 71. These uniform numbers are commonly worn by tackles, almost never by linebackers. Just one more incongruity in an otherwise pleasant work of art.
Comment on: A Validated Mathematical Model of Cell-Mediated Immune Response to Tumor Growth
Authors: Sven Gowal, Matteo de Giacomi, Jean-Yves Le Boudec
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

In Response: 

Gowal et al. erroneously surmise that in ref. [1][1], we assume “unrealistic” initial natural killer (NK) cell levels of zero in order to generate the simulations of Fig. 4, and they conclude from their own simulations that NK efficacy is stronger than we indicate. We do not draw
Does sildenafil reverse the adverse effects of ischemia on ischemic colon anastomosis: Yes, ‘no’
Authors: Oktay Irkorucu, Bulent Hamdi Ucan, Guldeniz Karadeniz Cakmak, Ali Ugur Emre, Oge Tascilar, Ebru Ofluoglu, Burak Bahadir, Kemal Karakaya, Canan Demirtas, Handan Ankarali, Gurkan Kertis, Hatice Pasaoglu, Mustafa Comert
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2008)
Increased IgE-dependent mast cell activation and anaphylactic responses in mice lacking the calcium-activated nonselective cation channel TRPM4
Authors: Rudi Vennekens, Jenny Olausson, Marcel Meissner, Wilhelm Bloch, Ilka Mathar, Stephan E Philipp, Frank Schmitz, Petra Weissgerber, Bernd Nilius, Veit Flockerzi, Marc Freichel
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
Familial Protein Intolerance
Authors: Jörgen Malmquist, Rudolf Jagenburg, Göran Lindstedt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Thirteen cases of "familial protein intolerance," a hereditary defect in ammonium ion metabolism, have occurred in Finland. The nature of the metabolic defect has remained obscure. In a patient displaying clinical and biochemical features of "familial protein intolerance," but without documented familial occurrence, the main clinical features were intellectual impairment, with x-ray evidence of brain atrophy, and marked skeletal fragility. Intolerance to protein-containing foods was moderate. The postprandial blood ammonia concentration was moderately elevated, whereas intravenous L-alanine administration caused marked ammonia elevation as well as marked hyperglycemia. Biochemical findings indicated a defect in the mechanisms transferring amino nitrogen to the urea-synthesizing system.
Inhaled Foreign Bodies
Authors: C. L. N. Robinson, W. W. Mushin
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The problems associated with inhaled foreign bodies usually receive little attention in the medical curricu- lum and in textbooks.This is in contradistinction to the ingested foreign body, which is well documented at every stage of its journey.The importance of the inhaled foreign body is demonstrated by the Registrar- General's (1954) statistics for deaths in England and Wales from this cause.There were 11 due to inhalation, as compared with 29 due to ingestion (Tables I andII).TABLE I.-Total Deaths from Foreign Bodies in England and Wales, 1954
Science forced to retract article on "ecstasy"
Authors: S. Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The US journal Science this week published a retraction of a researcharticle that it published last year on the drug 3,4-meth-ylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA,or “ecstasy”) ( Science 2002; 297: 2260-3), a move that has prompted questions about the peer review process.

In this week's issue of Science (12 September), researchers from Johns Hopkins University admitted the results of their paper—“Severe dopaminergic neurotoxicity in primates after a common recreational dose regimen of MDMA ('ecstasy')”—were invalid.

Nine of 10 animals in the study had been given the wrong drug—methamphetamine instead of MDMA—owing to the incorrect labelling of a bottle, Dr George Ricaurte …
The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt procedure for refractory ascites Ochs A, Rossle M, Haag K, Hauenstein K-H, Deibert P, Siegerstetter V, Hounker M, et al. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1192?1197
Authors: F WONG
Journal: Hepatology (1995)