tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Mass Functioning Metastatic Thymoma 22 Years After Radiation Therapy
Authors: ARLENE P. GRIMMOND, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A 62-year-old woman presented with respiratory distress, fatigue, diplopia, and difficulty in swallowing. Liver imaging and CT of the abdomen both revealed an intrahepatic defect (although an angiogram was reported as normal). The patient recalled having had radiation therapy 22 years previously. A review of the record at that time revealed that a thymoma had been present in the mediastinum; it had been irradiated, but not resected. The patient rapidly deteriorated. At autopsy, the hepatic mass represented a metastatic thymoma. The functional nature of the metastatic tumor mass (myasthenic symptoms) was unusual, as was the long latent period after irradiation of the primary.
Sunitinib for Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Cancer: Primary Tumor Response
Authors: Astrid A.M. van der Veldt, Martijn R. Meijerink, Alfons J.M. van den Eertwegh, Axel Bex, Gijsbert de Gast, John B.A.G. Haanen, Epie Boven
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Nephrectomy before immunotherapy in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) will improve patient outcome. In addition, the primary tumor is known to be refractory to cytokines. Sunitinib is now approved for treatment of advanced RCC, but its effect on the primary tumor has yet to be reported.All patients treated with sunitinib for advanced RCC without prior nephrectomy were reviewed and sequential computed tomography scans were evaluated for response in the primary tumor as well as metastases according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Volumes of primary tumors and central necrotic areas were measured with the perimeter method.Computed tomography scans were available for evaluation of response in 17 of 22 patients with a primary tumor in situ (1 patient with two primaries). According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, 4 patients had a partial response, 12 had stable disease, and 1 had progressive disease. The one-dimensional longest diameter of the primary tumor correlated with the volumetric measurements both at baseline and at the time of evaluation of response. Excluding the patient with progressive disease, the median volume reduction was 31% associated with a median increase in the volume of necrosis of 39%. Three patients underwent nephrectomy and tumors showed extensive necrotic areas next to small fields of vital tumor cells.Sunitinib can induce a significant reduction in volume of primary renal cell tumors. Further trials need to address the role of nephrectomy in advanced RCC patients on sunitinib treatment.
A sore red eye with systemic involvement
Authors: Z. Shalchi, S. L. Lightman, C. D. Pusey, S. R. J. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Mortality over 25 years has been low in the Italian and very low in the Greek cohorts of the Seven Countries Study; factors responsible for this particularity were studied in detail. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: 1712 Italian and 1215 Greek men, aged 40-59 years, cohorts of the Seven Countries Study, representing over 95% of the populations in designated rural areas. DESIGN: Entry (1960-61) data included age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking habits, total serum cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference, vital capacity (VC), and forced expiratory volume in 3/4 seconds (FEV); the same data were obtained 10 years later. Multivariate Cox analysis was performed with all causes death in 25 years as end point. MAIN RESULTS: Italian men had higher entry levels of SBP, arm circumference, BMI, and VC; Greek men had higher cholesterol levels, smoking habits, and FEV. Mortality of Italian men was higher throughout; at 25 years cumulative mortality was 48.3% and 35.3% respectively. Coronary heart disease and stroke mortality increased fivefold in Italy and 10-fold in Greece between years 10 and 25. The only risk factor with a significantly higher contribution to mortality in Italian men was cholesterol. However, differences in entry SBP (higher in Italy) and FEV (higher in Greece) accounted for, according to the Lee method, 75% of the differential mortality between the two populations. At 10 years increases in SBP, cholesterol, BMI, and decreases in smoking habits, VC, FEV, and arm circumference had occurred (deltas). SBP increased more and FEV and VC decreased more in Italy than in Greece. Deltas, fed stepwise in the original model for the prediction of 10 to 25 years mortality, were significant for SBP, smoking, arm circumference, and VC in Greece, and for SBP and VC in Italy. CONCLUSION: Higher mortality in Italian men is related to stronger positive effects of entry SBP and weaker negative (protective) effects of FEV; in addition 10 year increases in SBP are higher and 10 year decreases in FEV are larger in Italy. Unaccounted factors, however, related to, for example, differences in the diet, may also have contributed to the differential mortality of these two Mediterranean populations.
CGIN1: A Retroviral Contribution to Mammalian Genomes
Authors: A. Marco, I. Marin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

This study describes the origin and structural features of a mammalian gene, CGIN1 (Cousin of GIN1). CGIN1 proteins contain an NYN domain, retroviral RNase H and integrase domains, and a domain of unknown function (CGIN1 domain) that is also present in two other genes (N4BP1 and KIAA0323). We suggest that CGIN1 derives from the fusion of a KIAA0323-like gene with retroviral sequences, which occurred prior to the marsupial–eutherian split. Sequence and structural analyses indicate that the CGIN1 integrase domain is inactive but still retains the 3D folding observed in retroviral integrases. We hypothesize that CGIN1 may contribute to retroviral resistance in mammals by regulating the ubiquitination of viral proteins.
Comment on Lázaro-Martínez et al. Antibiotics Versus Conservative Surgery for Treating Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Randomized Comparative Trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37:789–795
Authors: Gijs W.D. Landman, Leonie Nijenhuis-Rosien, Nanne Kleefstra
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Lazaro-Martinez et al. (1) performed a randomized trial investigating effects of antibiotics versus surgery in patients with a presumed diagnosis of osteomyelitis. They concluded that antibiotic and surgical treatment had similar outcomes in terms of healing rates and short-term complications. We are concerned that the absence of confirmation of osteomyelitis by systematically performing bone cultures compromises the generalizability of their results to patients with proven osteomyelitis.

Bone cultures should routinely be performed to confirm a suspicion of osteomyelitis (2–4). In the surgery and antibiotic groups, inclusion and the diagnosis …
Should we use total mortality rather than cancer specific mortality to judge cancer screening programmes? Yes
Authors: J. Penston
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>James Penston</b> believes all cause mortality is a more reliable measure of the effectiveness of screening, but <b>Robert Steele</b> and <b>David Brewster </b>(doi:10.1136/bmj.d6397) think it is too stringent
Plasmodium vivax Infection
Authors: S. K. Mukherjee, A. K. Mitra
Journal: BMJ (1950)

April 5 (20 days after aspiration) the characteristics had remained unchanged, and 104 ml. of a pale yellow slightly mucoid fluid was aspirated and another 2 ml. of bisoxyl intro- duced.Next day a tense swelling larger than the original was again present.On April 27 the characteristics were unchanged, and 300 r was directed to the lesion.On May 10 (13 days after irradiation) a small, firmi, indurated right submental nodule was palpable but not visible.
Outside Europe. Is poliomyelitis a serious problem in developing countries?--the Danfa experience.
Authors: D D Nicholas, J H Kratzer, S Ofosu-Amaah, D W Belcher
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Children were examined for lameness in the Danfa Project district of rural Ghana to assess the impact of endemic poliomyelitis and to test a widely held hypothesis that paralytic poliomyelitis is relatively rare in such districts (less than 1 per 1000 children affected). The observed prevalence of lameness attributable to poliomyelitis was 7 per 1000 school-aged children, and the annual incidence is estimated to be at least 28 per 100 000 population. Although no evidence for an epidemic was found, these rates are comparable with those in the USA and Europe during the years of severe epidemics and indicate that a high price is being paid in the Danfa district for the natural acquisition of immunity. As a result, immunisation against poliomyelitis has been given high priority. A teacher questionnaire was also tested for use in postal surveys as a rapid means of estimating the prevalence of lamenes attributable to poliomyelitis in countries with a reasonable network of primary schools.
EP2/EP4 signalling inhibits monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production induced by interleukin 1 in synovial fibroblasts
Authors: R Largo, I Díez-Ortego, O Sanchez-Pernaute, M J López-Armada, M A Alvarez-Soria, J Egido, G Herrero-Beaumont
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Besides its proinflammatory properties, prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) acts as a regulator of the expression of inducible genes. Inhibition of PGE<sub>2</sub> synthesis might thus result in a paradoxical deleterious effect on inflammation. <b>Objective:</b> To examine the effect of PGE<sub>2</sub> on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in cultured synovial fibroblasts (SF) stimulated with interleukin (IL)1β. <b>Methods:</b> MCP-1 expression was assessed in SF stimulated with IL1β in the presence of PGE<sub>2</sub> or different NSAIDs by RT-PCR or northern blot and immunocytochemistry. Expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) isoforms was studied by western blot techniques. The role of PGE<sub>2</sub> receptors (EP) in PGE<sub>2</sub> action was assessed employing EP receptor subtype-specific agonists. <b>Results:</b> PGE<sub>2</sub> significantly inhibited IL1β induced MCP-1 expression in SF in a dose dependent manner. IL1β increased COX-2 and did not alter COX-1 synthesis in SF. 11-Deoxy-PGE<sub>1</sub>, an EP<sub>2</sub>/EP<sub>4</sub> agonist, reproduced PGE<sub>2</sub> action on MCP-1 expression. Butaprost, a selective EP<sub>2</sub> agonist, was less potent than PGE<sub>2</sub>. Sulprostone, an EP<sub>1</sub>/EP<sub>3</sub> agonist, had no effect on IL1β induced MCP-1 expression. Inhibition of endogenous PGE<sub>2</sub> synthesis by NSAIDs further enhanced MCP-1 mRNA expression in IL1β stimulated SF, an effect prevented by addition of exogenous PGE<sub>2</sub>. <b>Conclusion:</b> Activation of EP<sub>2</sub>/EP<sub>4</sub> receptors down regulates the expression of MCP-1 in IL1β stimulated SF, while PGE<sub>2</sub> pharmacological inhibition cuts off this signalling pathway and results in a superinduction of MCP-1 expression. The data suggest that NSAIDs may intercept a natural regulatory circuit controlling the magnitude of inflammation, which questions their continuous administration in inflammatory joint diseases.
Comparison of Bricanyl® Turbuhaler and Berotec® dry powder inhaler
Authors: L. B. Ribeiro, J. E. Wirén
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Terbutaline (Bricanyl®) 0.5 mg t.i.d. administered via Turbuhaler® was compared with fenoterol (Berotec®) 0.2 mg t.i.d. administered via Inhalator Ingelheim® in 36 asthmatic children aged 7–12 years. The study was of an open crossover design with two randomly allocated treatment periods, each lasting 2 weeks. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured at clinic visits before study start and at the end of each treatment period. The patients recorded peak expiratory flow (PEF) before and after inhaler use, morning and evening. They also recorded asthma symptoms and number of extra inhalations. At the end of the study, children and parents were asked for inhaler preference. No differences between the treatments were found concerning the results of the lung function measurements at the clinic or at the PEF measurements at home. No differences were found between the treatments as regards asthma symptoms or number of extra inhalations. Two patients experienced mild side effects during fenoterol treatment, none during terbutaline treatment. Treatment with terbutaline in Turbuhaler was preferred by a majority of children and parents. In conclusion, in this group of asthmatic children, treatment with terbutaline administered via Turbuhaler was as efficacious as treatment with fenoterol administered via Inhalator Ingelheim. There was a clear preference in favour of the Turbuhaler.
Mixed lymphocyte cultures in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P Stastny
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Random one-way microtiter mixed lymphocyte cultures between 43 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 45 controls consisting of 26 normal subjects and 19 miscellaneous non-RA patients were performed and results were evaluated as relative responses. Low responses (consisting of relative response less than 38%) were found in 31 out of 43 RA patients in cultures against eight of the RA stimulators. The remaining 35 RA stimulators tested yielded only normal mixed lymphocyte culture reactions. The same RA patients used as responders never produced low responses when stimulated by non-RA lymphocytes. But six of the control subjects gave low responses to two RA stimulators. The low responses did not appear to correlate with intake of aspirin, prednisolone, or gold salts, nor could they be reproduced by addition of RA serum of 7S or 19S fractions thereof containing either polyclonal or monoclonal rheumatoid factors. Short-term culture and washing before mixing with the allogeneic cells did not change the low responses suggesting that in vivo bound autoantibodies against lymphocyte receptors were not involved. Study of the inheritance of HLA and mixed lymphocyte culture determinants in the family of patient A. C. who most frequently elicited low responses indicated she was homozygous for a lymphocyte-defined determinant which has been called R. The low responses to A. C. could be interpreted as typing responses based on sharing of the same or of a similar lymphocyte-defined determinant. This gene appears to be increased in patients with RA with respect to non-RA controls and may reflect an association of genes within the HLA chromosomal region leading to predisposition for the development of RA.
Who put the George in George Eliot?
Authors: J. M. Forrester
Journal: BMJ (1970)

When a doctor reads the novels of George Eliot (1819-80) he is occasionally startled by her acquaintance with physiology.For instance, in The Mill on the Floss (1860) she muses on the intense industrial production that underlay Victorian so- cial life: "Good society, floated on gossamer wings of light irony, is of very expensive production; requiring nothing less than a wide and arduous national life condensed in unfra- grant, deafening factories, cramping itself in mines, sweating at furnaces, grinding, hammering, weaving under more or less oppression of carbonic acid."J. S. Haldane, who explored the role of carbonic acid in the regulation of breathing, was bom in the same year 1860.Again, in Middlemarch ( 1872) the dry-as-dust scholar Casaubon is being discussed, the man who "chose to grow grey crunching bones in a cavern.""He has got no good red blood in his body," said Sir James."No.Somebody put a drop under a magnifying glass, and it was all semi-colons and parentheses," said Mrs. Cadwallader, who evidently knew that red cells are round; she could hardly suspect sickle-cell anaemia in Casaubon, since it was first described in 1910.1 The same novel speculates on how many cubic feet of oxygen might be swallowed in a year by a full-grown man; and there are some specific details about the experiments of the novel's Dr. Lydgate.They were galvanic, and involved ad- ministering unexplained shocks to frogs and rabbits- unexplained, presumably, from the point of view of the frogs
Renal involvement in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: L. NING-SHENG
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>Background</h3> Junior Doctor rotas have gone through a number of iterations over the years. Rigid, rolling rotas with fixed annual and study leave have been opposed by trainees and the BMA1. They leave junior doctors unhappy, burnt out and disengaged. This has a negative effect on patient care <b><sup>3</sup></b> and serious consequences for retention and recruitment in Paediatrics and Healthcare at large. <h3>Objectives</h3> To introduce a new electronic rota management (HealthRota) system which will facilitate self-rostering, improve adherence to the BMA and RCPCH Trainee Charter <b><sup>2</sup></b> recommendations and improve junior doctor wellbeing. <h3>Methods</h3> Twelve Junior Doctors (and senior doctor equivalents) starting a General Paediatric Medicine post will complete a survey of fourteen questions about their experiences in their previous rota (Non-HealthRota). They will then be introduced to HealthRota and repeat the survey towards the end of their Paediatric post. The survey included questions on life: work balance, rota design, transparency, access, leave requesting, annual leave, study leave, clinics and flexibility. <h3>Results</h3> Overall there was on average a 1.3 point improvement (on a 5 point Leichardt scale) across all questions, with the various Non-HealthRota experiences having a satisfaction score of 3.0, whilst e-HealthRota had a score of 4.3. There were no questions where HealthRota was inferior to other rotas. The biggest improvements were seen with ‘Requesting Leave’, ‘Access the rota 24 hours a day’ and ‘Feeling of Ownership’. There were many positive comments in the open section including HealthRota was ‘Much less Stressful’, ‘Absolutely fantastic’ and ‘A breath of fresh air’. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Despite COIVD-19 impacting on the junior doctor experience. HealthRota still proved to be a much more popular and efficient system across all important aspects of medical rotas
Do Volunteer Donors Decrease Posttransfusion Hepatitis?
Authors: Paul W. Holley
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A change from a paid to a volunteer blood donor system was instituted as recommended by the American Association of Blood Banks "Statement on the National Blood Policy." The incidence of counterelectrophoresis HB<sub>s</sub>Ag positive units from each donor group was determined. Of 2,785 purchased units, 3 (0.10%) were HB<sub>s</sub>Ag positive, while 34 (0.94%) of 3,609 units from volunteers were HB<sub>s</sub>Ag positive. This 840% increase suggests that careful selection of donor population rather than blind reliance on volunteers should be emphasized in providing the safest blood for transfusion. (<i>JAMA</i>234:1051-1052, 1975)
A functional screening identifies five micrornas controlling glypican-3: role of mir-1271 down-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Marion Maurel, Sandra Jalvy, Yannick Ladeiro, Chantal Combe, Laetitia Vachet, Francis Sagliocco, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Vincent Pitard, Hélène Jacquemin-Sablon, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Benoît Laloo, Christophe F. Grosset
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major primary liver cancer. Glypican-3 ( GPC3 ), one of the most abnormally expressed genes in HCC, participates in liver carcinogenesis. Based on data showing that GPC3 expression is posttranscriptionally altered in HCC cells compared to primary hepatocytes, we investigated the implication of microRNAs (miRNAs) in GPC3 overexpression and HCC. To identify GPC3 -regulating miRNAs, we developed a dual-fluorescence FunREG (functional, integrated, and quantitative method to measure posttranscriptional regulations) system that allowed us to screen a library of 876 individual miRNAs. Expression of candidate miRNAs and that of GPC3 messenger RNA (mRNA) was measured in 21 nontumoral liver and 112 HCC samples. We then characterized the phenotypic consequences of modulating expression of one candidate miRNA in HuH7 cells and deciphered the molecular mechanism by which this miRNA controls the posttranscriptional regulation of GPC3 . We identified five miRNAs targeting GPC3 3′-untranslated region (UTR) and regulating its expression about the 876 tested. Whereas miR-96 and its paralog miR-1271 repressed GPC3 expression, miR-129-1-3p, miR-1291, and miR-1303 had an inducible effect. We report that miR-1271 expression is down-regulated in HCC tumor samples and inversely correlates with GPC3 mRNA expression in a particular subgroup of HCC. We also report that miR-1271 inhibits the growth of HCC cells in a GPC3 -dependent manner and induces cell death. Conclusion: Using a functional screen, we found that miR-96, miR-129-1-3p, miR-1271, miR-1291, and miR-1303 differentially control GPC3 expression in HCC cells. In a subgroup of HCC, the up-regulation of GPC3 was associated with a concomitant down-regulation of its repressor miR-1271. Therefore, we propose that GPC3 overexpression and its associated oncogenic effects are linked to the down-regulation of miR-1271 in HCC. (Hepatology 2013)
Five-Year Change in Visceral Adipose Tissue Quantity in a Minority Cohort: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Family Study
Authors: Kristen G. Hairston, Ann Scherzinger, Capri Foy, Anthony J. Hanley, Orita McCorkle, Steven Haffner, Jill M. Norris, Michael Bryer-Ash, Lynne E. Wagenknecht
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To describe the 5-year change in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Absolute change in VAT and SAT measured by abdominal computed tomography scans has been obtained at a 5-year interval from African Americans (n = 389) and Hispanic Americans (n = 844), aged 20–69 years, in 10-year age-groups. RESULTS Mean 5-year increases in VAT areas in women were 18, 7, 4, 0.4, and −3 cm2 for African Americans and 13, 7, 3, 1, and −15 cm2 for Hispanics, across the 5 age decades (trend not significant). Mean 5-year increases in SAT areas in women were 88, 46, 19, 17, and 14 cm2 for African Americans and 53, 20, 17, 12, and 1 cm2 for Hispanics, across the 5 age decades (P &amp;lt; 0.05 for both). Similar trends have been observed in men. CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of abdominal fat is greatest in young adulthood. These data may be useful in identifying subgroups at risk of type 2 diabetes.
A Family Outbreak of Serious Streptococcal Infection
Authors: Preston Cannaday
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A localized outbreak of scarlet fever was caused by an M-nontypable T-1 (NT/1) group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. The result was a fatal outcome in a 5-year-old child and a near fatality in his 10-year-old sibling. The outbreak was confined to family units that had members with whom the children were close playmates. Extensive epidemiologic studies in neighborhood schools and local hospital emergency rooms did not demonstrate a disemination of the causative serotype in the community.