tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Gastric Irradiation in Management of Peptic Ulceration and Oesophagitis
Authors: J. M. Findlay, G. A. Newaishy, W. Sircus, J. P. A. McManus
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Twenty-four patients with peptic oesophagitis or ulceration of the stomach or duodenum have been treated with irradiation of the stomach. They were selected on the grounds of their unsuitability for surgery because of associated medical conditions or because of failure of repeated gastric surgery. Twenty of the patients (83%) were 60 years of age or over. Of those treated 19 (79%) obtained complete symptomatic relief. Endoscopic improvement occurred in most cases. Acid reduction to an average of 30% of the pretreatment levels was noted at 11 months and 58% at 30 months. No morbidity was observed attributable to the irradiation.
The revalidation question
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

It was 1995, and I had smoothed down my hair, flattened my John Major suit, and adjusted my silk tie—this was my viva examination for membership of the royal college. This was a time of Russian roulette examinations, and everything depended on the examiners. My goal was to be just like them, such is the power of peer pressure. A hot question then, as now, was revalidation, and I had my response learnt, though without the pain of experience.

The ideas behind revalidation seem like common sense: …
Mechanism of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin as evaluated in rabbits by selective depression of individual procoagulant vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
Authors: A Zivelin, L V Rao, S I Rapaport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have evaluated the contribution of depression of individual procoagulant vitamin K-dependent clotting factors to the ability of warfarin to protect rabbits against tissue factor-induced coagulation. Mean activities of individual procoagulant factors were determined, in assays with rabbit substrates, for a group of rabbits achieving a protective degree of anticoagulation with warfarin. Values were: factor VII, 12%; factor IX, 7%; factor X, 14%, and prothrombin, 13%. The effect upon tissue factor-induced coagulation of selective immunodepletion of each factor to a comparable level was then evaluated. Immunodepletion of plasma factor X or prothrombin, but not of factor VII or factor IX, protected otherwise normal rabbits against tissue factor-induced coagulation. Next, we determined the effect upon the protection in warfarin-treated rabbits of selectively restoring factor X or prothrombin before infusing tissue factor. When either factor was selectively restored, warfarin's protective effect was abolished. Moreover, selective restoration of prothrombin sensitized warfarin-treated rabbits to coagulation more severe than observed in nontreated control rabbits. One may extrapolate from these data that depression of both factor X and prothrombin are required for warfarin's clinical antithrombotic efficacy and that depression of plasma prothrombin is particularly important.
Spatio-temporal brushlet denoising improves real time three-dimensional calculation of right ventricular function in primary pulmonary hypertension patients
Authors: Deborah R. Gersony, Elsa D. Angelini, Josh Donis, Clarito Dimayuga, Robyn J. Barst, Rola Saouaf, Marco R. Di Tullio, Andrew F. Laine, Shunichi Homma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Abstract A33: Exploring pediatric cancer genomics with the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser
Authors: Melissa Cline, Olena Morozova, Teresa Swatloski, Brian Craft, Mary Goldman, David Haussler, Jingchun Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser (https://genome-cancer.ucsc.edu) is a set of web-based tools to display, investigate and analyze cancer genomics data and associated clinical data. Experimental quantities such as gene expression levels, copy number variation and somatic mutations are displayed next to clinical features such as age of onset and cancer subtype. Users can interactively group or sort data by clinical features to dynamically explore how genomic aberrations relate to clinical outcomes. Integrated Kaplan–Meier plots help investigators assess how clinical or genomic values impact long-term survival. The browser currently hosts data from 144 cancer studies including TCGA, CCLE and LINCS. It can display data from multiple studies at once, facilitating cross-cancer comparisons. We are currently interested in hosting new pediatric cancer datasets, and can offer either public or protected access as appropriate. Figure 1 illustrates the power of this approach. It compares patterns of somatic mutations in pediatric high-risk neuroblastoma, a cancer of the peripheral nervous system (Pugh, Morozova et al, Nature Genetics 2013) to those in two adult cancers of the central nervous system: lower grade glioma (LGG, TCGA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, TCGA), and contrasts the age of the patient with frequency of mutations in the Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X-linked (ATRX) gene. The data for all three cancers is sorted by the age of the patient, with yellow being the oldest. The age ranges overlap: the oldest neuroblastoma patients are 16, while the youngest LGG and GBM patients are 14 and 21 respectively. While the three cancers show distinct patterns of somatic mutations, all three show frequent mutations in the ATRX gene in older teens or young adults. This suggests that these cancers may share age-related subtypes with similar genomic signatures. These subtypes may indicate the age-dependent importance of ATRX in the development of both central and peripheral nervous systems, and may ultimately highlight common therapeutic avenues for the two groups of diseases. This data set can be explored at the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser at https://genome-cancer.ucsc.edu/proj/site/hgHeatmap/#?bookmark=pc Citation Format: Melissa Cline, Olena Morozova, Teresa Swatloski, Brian Craft, Mary Goldman, David Haussler, Jingchun Zhu. Exploring pediatric cancer genomics with the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr A33.
Recent Developments in the Treatment of Lung Cancer
Authors: Albert Y. Lin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

SELECTED CASE A 45-year-old asymptomatic white man with a 60-pack-year history of cigarette abuse presented with an upper lobe pulmonary nodule apparent on the right side on a routine chest roentgenogram. Physical examination was unrevealing. Computed tomography demonstrated an irregular noncalcified mass suggestive of neoplasm. Results of transbronchial biopsy were positive for adenocarcinoma. Evaluation for metastases, including a computed tomographic scan of the head, radionuclide bone scan, and serum liver function tests, yielded negative results. The patient subsequently underwent upper lobectomy of the right lung with curative intent and was pathologically staged as having stage I (T2N0)1 adenocarcinoma of the lung. The patient did well until 14 months after surgery, when he developed cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. A few days later, he noted a right-sided facial droop, clumsiness of the right hand, blurring of vision, and a severe headache. He presented in the emergency department, where physical examination revealed facial
Plasma cholesterol transport in anhepatic rats.
Authors: S H Quarfordt, B Landis, G Cucchiaro, Y Yamaguchi, B Oswald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The plasma appearance of newly synthesized cholesterol in anhepatic laboratory diet-fed rats was 10% of the intact rat. In intact rats this cholesterol was mainly ester in lower density lipoproteins, but for anhepatic rats it was virtually only free in high density lipoprotein. Chylomicron cholesterol ester was removed much more slowly from anhepatic than control plasma and returned primarily as free in high density lipoproteins, with the control return 10 times the anhepatic return. Lower density lipoprotein cholesterol ester transfer to an extravascular pool in anhepatic rats was less than 10% of controls. The liver was responsible for 95% of the extravascular lower density lipoprotein ester pool and only 50% of the for high density lipoprotein ester. Despite decreased anhepatic lipoprotein catabolism, the mass of both plasma low and high density lipoproteins progressively decreased indicating an even greater decrease in influx. The anhepatic fractional catabolic rate of apo A1 was similar to controls, but that of apo E was considerably less. Despite the unchanged catabolism of apo A1 and the reduced catabolism of apo E, plasma apo A1 decreased less than apo E after hepatectomy. The anhepatic data confirm the pivotal role of the liver in maintaining plasma low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. They suggest that, in addition to its anabolic and catabolic functions, the liver also acts as a reservoir buffering changes in plasma concentration.
CALCITONIN AND THE CALCIUM-REGULATING HORMONES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN: EFFECT OF OESTROGENS
Authors: JohnC. Stevenson, CarmelJ. Hillyard, Gamini Abeyasekera, Kheng Guek Phang, Iain Macintyre, Stuart Campbell, PeterT. Townsend, Osyth Young, MalcolmI. Whitehead
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis in patients treated with methotrexate after administration of folinic acid.
Authors: D A Joyce, R K Will, D M Hoffman, B Laing, S J Blackbourn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

A double blind, placebo controlled trial examined the effects of folinic acid on the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate in 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and laboratory indices of disease activity worsened significantly in the 13 patients treated with folinic acid after four weeks of treatment, but not in the 14 patients treated with placebo. Exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis led to withdrawal of the test drug in seven of the patients treated with folinic acid but in none of those treated with placebo. It is concluded that excerbation of rheumatoid arthritis is likely when folinic acid is given shortly after the weekly dose of methotrexate.
Reporting and interpretation of SF-36 outcomes in randomised trials: systematic review
Authors: D. G Contopoulos-Ioannidis, A. Karvouni, I. Kouri, J. P A Ioannidis
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To determine how often health surveys and quality of life evaluations reach different conclusions from those of primary efficacy outcomes and whether discordant results make a difference in the interpretation of trial findings. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Data sources</b> PubMed, contact with authors for missing information, and author survey for unpublished SF-36 data. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised trials with SF-36 outcomes (the most extensively validated and used health survey instrument for appraising quality of life) that were published in 2005 in 22 journals with a high impact factor. <b>Data extraction</b> Analyses on the two composite and eight subdomain SF-36 scores that corresponded to the time and mode of analysis of the primary efficacy outcome. <b>Results</b> Of 1057 screened trials, 52 were identified as randomised trials with SF-36 results (66 separate comparisons). Only eight trials reported all 10 SF-36 scores in the published articles. For 21 of the 66 comparisons, SF-36 results were discordant for statistical significance compared with the results for primary efficacy outcomes. Of 17 statistically significant SF-36 scores where primary outcomes were not also statistically significant in the same direction, the magnitude of effect was small in six, moderate in six, large in three, and not reported in two. Authors modified the interpretation of study findings based on SF-36 results in only two of the 21 discordant cases. Among 100 additional randomly selected trials not reporting any SF-36 information, at least five had collected SF-36 data but only one had analysed it. <b>Conclusions</b> SF-36 measurements sometimes produce different results from those of the primary efficacy outcomes but rarely modify the overall interpretation of randomised trials. Quality of life and health related survey information should be utilised more systematically in randomised trials.
ON THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS BY A DIET FROM WHICH ALL CARBOHYDRATES HAVE BEEN EXCLUDED.
Authors: EDWARD L. MUNSON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

as coming in this discussion at all ; and furthermore, I did not say in the paper that there was such a thing as traumatic dis- placement of the kidneys ; the question is asked whether I ever knew of one-I think I can cite several cases which I have every reason to believe were traumatic.One case of a young
Effect of recombinant soluble CD4 on human peripheral blood lymphocyte responses in vitro.
Authors: M A Liu, T Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We have previously demonstrated that recombinant soluble CD4 protein (rsT4) blocks both HIV-1 infection of CD4 bearing lymphocytes and syncytium formation in vitro. (Recombinant soluble CD4 is designated by rsT4). Hence, we suggested the use of rsT4 in therapy for AIDS or the prevention of HIV-1 infection in individuals with a known risk of exposure. However, concerns arose that rsT4 might be immunosuppressive because of its implicated role in the enhancement of certain lymphocyte activation events through its engagement of MHC class II molecules on target cells. We therefore assessed the effect of recombinant soluble CD4 upon a number of functional and activation parameters of lymphocytes, including cellular proliferation, IL-2 secretion, and cytolytic capability, after antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. We report here that rsT4, at 60-fold over the concentration needed to block acute HIV-1 infection in vitro, does not significantly inhibit the activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by either PHA, tetanus toxoid or allogeneic cells. These results indicate that rsT4 will potentially exert minimal immunosuppressive effects in vivo, thus supporting the feasibility of clinical trials of rsT4 in the treatment or prevention of AIDS. In addition, the implications of these results for the interactions between CD4 and MHC class II molecules during lymphocyte activation are discussed.
The interaction of chitosan with fibroblast growth factor-2 and its protection from inactivation
Authors: Kazunori Masuoka, Masayuki Ishihara, Takashi Asazuma, Hidemi Hattori, Takemi Matsui, Bonpei Takase, Yasuhiro Kanatani, Masanori Fujita, Yoshio Saito, Hirofumi Yura, Kyosuke Fujikawa, Koichi Nemoto
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
More on Hepatocellular Carcinoma after the Fontan Procedure
Authors: Robert W. Elder, Samir Parekh, Wendy M. Book
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

To the Editor: The letter by Asrani et al. (May 2 issue)1 reports cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who have undergone Fontan palliation for univentricular hearts. Our practice includes yearly screening for adult patients who have undergone Fontan palliation, including imaging and testing of the alpha-fetoprotein level. We report on a 51-year-old man with a univentricular heart (double-inlet left ventricle) who underwent a classic atriopulmonary Fontan procedure in 1982. Progressive dyspnea, atrial arrhythmias, ascites, and pleural effusions developed in the context of normal ventricular systolic function. Evaluation of the liver, including biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), showed congestive . . .
Failure at the Effector Phase: Immune Barriers at the Level of the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Thomas F. Gajewski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The clinical investigation of numerous therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies has resulted in relative disappointment. Whereas a minority of patients have indeed experienced clinical benefit, the majority of patients show disease progression even in cases in which induction of functional tumor antigen–specific T-cell responses as measured in the blood is easily detected. This observation has led to interrogation of the tumor microenvironment for potential mechanisms of tumor resistance to the effector phase of the antitumor T-cell response. Poor chemokine-mediated trafficking of effector cells and the action of negative regulatory pathways that inhibit T-cell function have been identified as key limiting factors. Important negative regulatory pathways include T-cell anergy from insufficient B7 costimulation, extrinsic suppression by regulatory T-cell populations, direct inhibition through inhibitory ligands such as PD-L1, and metabolic dysregulation such as through the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Recognition of these evasion mechanisms has pointed toward new therapeutic approaches for cancer immunotherapy.
Asthma Linked to Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Steve Grossman, of the FDA Alliance, estimated that the agency’s budget needs to increase by $250 million to $450 million per year over the course of 4 to 6 years to enable the FDA to accomplish the goals outlined by the Science Board subcommittee. The subcommittee suggested new appropriations be implemented in phases and prioritized to address weaknesses highlighted in the report. Recommended measures include creating a center for science to restore a strong scientific organization at the agency and carry out rigorous peer review of scientific programs and processes, as well as stemming staff turnover, which the Government Accounting Office reports is twice that of other governmental agencies. Other recommendations include boosting the recruiting of top-quality talent, seekinggreateroutsidecollaboration, and replacing outdated computer hardware and systems with new technologies capable of quickly and appropriately analyzing complex data. The report will be forwarded on to the FDA commissioners and other stakeholders. However, noted Peter Barton Hutt, LLB, LLM, subcommittee member and former chief counsel to the FDA, “Unless Congress appropriates additional money and personnel, none of the recommendations of our subcommittee can possibly be implemented.”
Transin/stromelysin expression in the synovium of rats with experimental erosive arthritis. In situ localization and kinetics of expression of the transformation-associated metalloproteinase in euthymic and athymic Lewis rats.
Authors: J P Case, H Sano, R Lafyatis, E F Remmers, G K Kumkumian, R L Wilder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Transin is a neutral metalloproteinase initially isolated from malignantly transformed rat fibroblasts and subsequently shown to be homologous to human stromelysin. We performed Northern blot analysis on synovial tissue specimens from Lewis rats with proliferative and invasive streptococcal cell wall (SCW) arthritis. Transin mRNA was present in abundance, as was the mRNA of the c-myc oncogene, which is associated with cellular proliferation. Immunohistochemical staining of synovia from rats with chronic SCW arthritis showed high-level transin expression in the cells of the lining layer and underlying stroma, as well as in chondrocytes and osteoclasts in subchondral bone. Intense nuclear staining for the Myc oncoprotein was also detected with a cross-reactive antibody to v-Myc. Transin stained similarly in the early, rapid-onset, thymus-independent, acute phase of SCW arthritis. In the T cell-dependent adjuvant arthritis, transin expression was noted by day 4, 6 d before the influx of mononuclear cells and the onset of clinical disease. Athymic rats did not express transin. We concluded that transin is a marker of proliferative, invasive arthritis in rats and appears early in the course of disease development, but requires a competent immune system to sustain its expression in these model arthropathies.
Physical Abuse of Women Before, During, and After Pregnancy
Authors: Sandra L. Martin, Linda Mackie, Lawrence L. Kupper, Paul A. Buescher, Kathryn E. Moracco
Journal: JAMA (2001)

][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Studies of abuse during the year preceding pregnancy report prevalence estimates ranging from 4% to 26%, 5,[8][9][10][11] while investigations of abuse during pregnancy have generally found prevalences of 4% to 8%. 9 Differences in these prevalence figures are probably due to variations in violence across populations, as well as use of differing study methods.Although research on abuse before and during pregnancy is increasing, a dearth of information exists concerning abuse that occurs after infant delivery, a stressful time for many families. 13,14Only 3 clinically based investigations were identified that followed up patients after delivery to examine various types of postpartum abuse.Two of these studies found postpartum abuse prevalences of 19% to 24%, while the third study (which focused on women who were abused during pregnancy) found a postpartum abuse prevalence of 90%. 10,15,16he American Academy of Pediatrics 17 has recently joined other organizations, including the American Medical Association 18 and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 19 in endorsing screening for violence among female patients.Thus, cli-nicians who care for new mothers and infants need additional empirical information concerning postpartum abuse to provide a foundation on which to develop and implement appropriate abuse screening, referral, and intervention procedures.This article examines (1) the prevalence and patterns of physical abuse before, during, and after pregnancy; (2) injuries and medical interventions resulting from postpartum abuse; and (3) patterns of abuse over time in relation to women's sociodemographic characteristics and use of well-baby care. METHODSData are from the North Carolina Center for Health Statistics/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention North Caro-lina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (NC PRAMS).This ongoing project (described elsewhere) 20 is a population-based mailed and telephone survey of a representative group of North Carolina women who recently delivered live-born infants.The North Carolina birth certificate file serves as the sampling frame source for NC
A NOTE ON THE USE OF THUJA OCCIDENTALIS IN REMOVAL OF PAPILLOMA OF THE LARYNX.
Authors: JAMES MOREAU BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Several cases of papilloma of the larynx have come under my observation, occurring in the practice of Dr. Moreau R. Brown, which were treated by removal of parts with forceps and the subsequent application of thuja. The following case is one in which good results were obtained by this treatment. Mrs. W., an elderly woman, had been hoarse for about two years, had slight dyspnea, and at times noticed some little noise located in the larynx during respiration. She tried change of climate several times but found little relief. Upon examination with the laryngeal mirror, a papilloma about the size of the end of a finger was seen springing, with a broad base, from the false vocal cord of the right side, and extending beyond the true cord to the median line. The growth was of an unusually hard consistency. A portion of it was removed by the laryngeal forceps