tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The BMA and the Organization of Medicine
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE strains and stresses of the internal politics of trades unions and professional bodies are often not apparent to the outside world. In this respect the BMA is no exception. The general public tends to regard the BMA as the doctors' organization or indeed as the doctors' powerful trade union, and most lay people believe that it is representative of all doctors regardless of their age or specialty.In fact the situation is far more complicated, and it was partly because the Council of the BMA was conscious of mounting tension within certain sections of the membership and of a . . .
New Editors for Annals of Internal Medicine
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Editorials1 July 1990New Editors for Annals of Internal MedicineNicholas E. Davies, MDNicholas E. Davies, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-1-6_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe American College of Physicians has taken a unique step in selecting a husband and wife team to be the new editors of Annals of Internal Medicine. The team is Robert and Suzanne Fletcher, and this issue is the first to come out under their names.The Search Committee for theAnnalsEditor, of which I was Chair, had only two fixed requirements (1). First, the editor must be a physician, preferably an internist; second, he or she must be based in Philadelphia. Unknown to the committee, I wrote a short, overly optimistic list of desirable qualifications. This little essay...References1. Davies N. Edward J. Huth to retire: the search begins for his successor. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:611. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FletcherFletcher RS. A transition. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:6-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nicholas E. Davies, MDAffiliations: Annals PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1990Volume 113, Issue 1Page: 6-6 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1990 Copyright & Permissions© 1990 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Political ideology is contextually variable and flexible rather than fixed
Authors: G. Scott Morgan, Linda J. Skitka, Daniel C. Wisneski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Hibbing et al. argue that the liberal–conservative continuum is (a) universal and (b) grounded in psychological differences in sensitivity to negative stimuli. Our commentary argues that both claims overlook the importance of context. We review evidence that the liberal–conservative continuum is far from universal and that ideological differences are contextually flexible rather than fixed.
On her own terms
Authors: Richard J Walden
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Roberts' provocative editorial ‘On our own terms’ (JRSM 2007;100:538-9)1 unintentionally makes the point that for ambitious women, the ‘rule book’ is not good enough. Isn't this part of the problem besetting our entire society? The sexes operate by different rules, as brilliantly expressed in ‘The female of the species’.2

The first question should surely be not what is good for women, but what is good for the community. The ratio of male to female medical undergraduates has changed from 9:1 in 1958 to 4.5:5.5 in 2006. This requires explanation, since many women practice part-time or leave medicine entirely. In the recent past, men formed the bulk of medical practitioners. What has happened to their male successors? The second point therefore concerns the education of boys and their nurture. Their developmental and educational needs differ from those of girls; the sexes are different.3,4

The idea of a ‘right to motherhood’ and also to a glorious career is problematical. It can be done at a price, but let's remember the rights of the child. The child analyst Donald Winnicott wrote of the need of all infants and small children to have the instinctive maternal responses of their mothers holding them physically and psychologically in a shared bond, supporting the vulnerable developing ego throughout the early years of life.5 Only a full-time nanny can adequately substitute. Boys are likely to be the bigger losers of mother's belief and support, particularly in one-parent families. The roles of mother and father are complementary and not interchangeable. Boys, particularly, suffer from ‘father hunger’;4 indeed, the father is needed now more than ever, not as a surrogate mother, but as himself.
Nasal provocation with AMP
Authors: M. ENNIS, P. FORSYTHE, L. P A MCGARVEY, L. G HEANEY, J. MACMAHON;, R POLOSA
Journal: Thorax (1999)

We read with interest the article on histamine release following nasal provocation with adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) recently published in Thorax by Polosa et al .1 This is a further in vivo demonstration of the histamine releasing ability of adenosine in the respiratory tract. However, in contrast to the in vitro studies described in the paper where adenosine exerts a modulatory effect on mast cell mediator release, we have demonstrated the direct histamine releasing ability of this molecule on mast cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.2 3 In samples of BAL fluid from 37 of 54 patients attending hospital for routine bronchoscopy, adenosine alone caused histamine release (maximum 20.6 (2.5)% of the …
The AMA, Accreditation, and the Number of Physicians
Authors: Richard L. Egan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Too many people, including some journalists, seem willing to believe that the American Medical Association limits the output of medical schools. They observe a shortage of physicians, extreme competition to enter US medical schools, US citizens in foreign medical schools, and the immigration of foreign medical graduates, and then declare that the AMA uses accreditation to restrict the output of US medical schools. Granting that we have problems with the number and especially the distribution of physicians, and that not all qualified students can enter medical schools, the facts are otherwise. The AMA Council on Medical Education published its first classification of medical schools in 1907, and since 1942 has been an equal partner with the Association of American Medical Colleges in the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, which is recognized by numerous groups, including the US Office of Education, for its accreditation of medical schools. The Liaison Committee membership
Continuous infusion of intermediate‐dose cytarabine and fludarabine with idarubicin for patients younger than 60 years with resistant acute myeloid leukemia: A prospective, multicenter phase II study
Authors: Hawk Kim, Jae‐Hoo Park, Je‐Hwan Lee, Jung‐Hee Lee, Young‐Don Joo, Won‐Sik Lee, Sung‐Hwa Bae, Hun Mo Ryoo, Kyoo‐Hyung Lee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

We assessed continuous infusion (CI) of fludarabine and cytarabine (FLAG) plus idarubicin for patients under 60-years old with resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Induction chemotherapy consisted of idarubicin (12 mg/m(2) iv infusion over 30 min on Days 1-3), plus fludarabine (30 mg/m2/day) and cytarabine (1,000 mg/m(2)/day) on Days 1-5 as a 24-hr CI. G-CSF was added on Days 1-5. The 29 patients enrolled were of median age 40 years (range, 18-57 years); of these, 8 (27.6%) had primary refractory disease, 19 (65.5%) were in early relapse, and 1 each (3.4%) was in multiple relapse and relapse after SCT. In response to induction, 8 patients (27.6%) achieved CR, 2 (6.9%) achieved CRp, and 19 (65.5%) failed treatment; of the latter, 14 had aplasia, three had an indeterminate course, and two showed resistance. Seven patients remain alive, while two were lost to follow-up. Nineteen patients died, 14 of infection, one of toxicity during consolidation, three of relapse after SCT, and two of persistent disease. These findings indicate that although CI of FLAG plus idarubicin was effective for eradicating blasts, it carried a high risk of toxicity. Reduced doses are recommended for CI of FLAG plus idarubicin.
Duration of Androgen Suppression in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Michel Bolla, Theodorus M. de Reijke, Geertjan Van Tienhoven, Alphonsus C.M. Van den Bergh, Jorg Oddens, Philip M.P. Poortmans, Eliahu Gez, Paul Kil, Atif Akdas, Guy Soete, Oleg Kariakine, Elsbietha M. van der Steen-Banasik, Elena Musat, Marianne Piérart, Murielle E. Mauer, Laurence Collette
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The combination of radiotherapy plus long-term medical suppression of androgens (> or = 2 years) improves overall survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. We compared the use of radiotherapy plus short-term androgen suppression with the use of radiotherapy plus long-term androgen suppression in the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer.We randomly assigned patients with locally advanced prostate cancer who had received external-beam radiotherapy plus 6 months of androgen suppression to two groups, one to receive no further treatment (short-term suppression) and the other to receive 2.5 years of further treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (long-term suppression). An outcome of noninferiority of short-term androgen suppression as compared with long-term suppression required a hazard ratio of more than 1.35 for overall survival, with a one-sided alpha level of 0.05. An interim analysis showed futility, and the results are presented with an adjusted one-sided alpha level of 0.0429.A total of 1113 men were registered, of whom 970 were randomly assigned, 483 to short-term suppression and 487 to long-term suppression. After a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 132 patients in the short-term group and 98 in the long-term group had died; the number of deaths due to prostate cancer was 47 in the short-term group and 29 in the long-term group. The 5-year overall mortality for short-term and long-term suppression was 19.0% and 15.2%, respectively; the observed hazard ratio was 1.42 (upper 95.71% confidence limit, 1.79; P=0.65 for noninferiority). Adverse events in both groups included fatigue, diminished sexual function, and hot flushes.The combination of radiotherapy plus 6 months of androgen suppression provides inferior survival as compared with radiotherapy plus 3 years of androgen suppression in the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00003026.)
On Moralizing and Hidden Agendas: The Pot and the Kettle in Political Bioethics
Authors: Robert M. Sade
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

Henry et al. (2007) present a cogent analysis of the use of propranolol in preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They express a wide range of unanswered questions regarding this use of propranolol and criticize the report of the President’s Council on Bioethics (2003) on pharmacologic memory suppression on grounds of its obviously conservative agenda. The authors’ greatest concern is the “overmedicalization” of bad memories and the pharmaceutical industry’s encouragement and exploitation of this phenomenon. They argue their case clearly and persuasively, until their unjustified criticisms of the drug industry cast them in the role of pot to the Council’s kettle.
Morison's Pills
Authors: William H. Helfand
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> May I offer a comment on an illustration that appeared in AMAGRAMS (<b>211</b>:184,1970). The lithograph of "Singular Effects of the Universal Vegetable Pills on a Green Grocer" is by C. J. Grant and was done in 1841. It is one of a series of caricatures on Morison's pills and on the inventor, James Morison, known as "The Hygeist." Morison made a fortune from his pills, a potent cathartic containing aloes, jalap, colocynth, gamboge, rhubarb, and myrrh. Poets saluted him, essayists, including Carlyle, devoted chapters to him, limericks referred to him, and songwriters quoted him. One children's limerick went: There was a young salesman of Leeds Rashly swallowed six packets of seeds When a month came to pass He was covered with grass And he couldn't sit down for the weeds. The first verse of a song entitled "Morison's Pills," with a very catchy melody, goes: "... What
5α-Reductase Inhibitors for Prostate-Cancer Prevention
Authors: Jeri Kim, Christopher I. Amos, Christopher J Logothetis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

To the Editor: The decision by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) not to approve the use of 5αreductase inhibitors as a means of prevent ing prostate cancer, as discussed by Theoret et al. (July 14 issue), 1 illustrates the challenges that thwart efforts to develop agents for this purpose.To support its position, the FDA reanalyzed two major trials. 2,3It cited the fact that the incidence of tumors with modified Gleason scores between 7 and 10 was not reduced and that the absolute incidence of tumors with modified Gleason scores between 8 and 10 was increased by 0.7% with finasteride and by 0.5% with dutasteride. 1 However, there is no evidence of increased mor tality attributable to the use of 5αreductase in hibitors.When the FDA said that reducing the incidence of lowgrade cancer was "unlikely to be clinically significant," 1 it did not consider the fact that such a diagnosis leads most men to elect some intervention, often with lifealtering complica tions. 4We believe that the FDA's emphasis on the theoretical risk of accelerated progression rather than on the benefits of reduced detection of low grade prostate cancer will risk converting suc cess into failure, stymie the development of pre vention strategies, and interfere with the progress being made in the clinical management of this complex but prevalent disease.
Eosinophil cationic protein's role in human hepatic allograft rejection
Authors: Preston F. Foster, Achyut Bhattacharyya, Howard N. Sankary, James Coleman, Marilyn Ashmann, James W. Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Although it is known that eosinophils consistently infiltrate rejecting human liver allografts, their function is unknown. Infiltrating eosinophils can release a cytotoxic substance, eosinophil cationic protein. Furthermore, eosinophil cationic protein may be identified in biopsy specimens using immunoperoxidase staining of an eosinophil cationic protein-specific monoclonal antibody. To study a possible effector role of eosinophils in rejecting liver allografts, 38 serial allograft biopsy specimens from 12 patients with acute rejection, 54 biopsy specimens from 11 patients with allograft dysfunction caused by other causes and 22 biopsy specimens from 8 patients without allograft dysfunction were stained for extracellular eosinophil cationic protein. In addition, the absolute blood eosinophil counts and the portal tract eosinophil percent of the total number of portal tract inflammatory cells were tabulated in these patients until 30 days after transplantation. The blood absolute eosinophil count, portal tract eosinophil percent and incidence of positive extracellular eosinophil cationic protein staining were significantly increased in patients with rejection compared with patients with dysfunction from other causes (p less than 0.05 to 0.005, t test). Furthermore, each of these parameters predicted rejection with excellent sensitivity (75% to 92%) and specificity (91% to 100%). Of patients with rejection, 59% had significant elevation of all three parameters before or during rejection, and 92% had at least two parameters elevated. Conversely, of the patients with dysfunction from other causes, 0% had elevations of any parameter. The recognized cytotoxic properties of eosinophil cationic protein and its almost exclusive presence, along with eosinophils in the blood and allograft biopsy specimens of patients during acute rejection, support the role of the eosinophil as an effector cell in tissue injury during acute liver allograft rejection.
Evaluating quantitative formulas for dose-response assessment of chemical mixtures.
Authors: Richard C Hertzberg, Linda K Teuschler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Risk assessment formulas are often distinguished from dose-response models by being rough but necessary. The evaluation of these rough formulas is described here, using the example of mixture risk assessment. Two conditions make the dose-response part of mixture risk assessment difficult, lack of data on mixture dose-response relationships, and the need to address risk from combinations of chemicals because of public demands and statutory requirements. Consequently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed methods for carrying out quantitative dose-response assessment for chemical mixtures that require information only on the toxicity of single chemicals and of chemical pair interactions. These formulas are based on plausible ideas and default parameters but minimal supporting data on whole mixtures. Because of this lack of mixture data, the usual evaluation of accuracy (predicted vs. observed) cannot be performed. Two approaches to the evaluation of such formulas are to consider fundamental biological concepts that support the quantitative formulas (e.g., toxicologic similarity) and to determine how well the proposed method performs under simplifying constraints (e.g., as the toxicologic interactions disappear). These ideas are illustrated using dose addition and two weight-of-evidence formulas for incorporating toxicologic interactions.
Maxcy-Rosenau Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Authors: Matthew Zack
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This latest and weightiest edition of a perennial public health favorite is being published only six years after the 11th edition "to stay abreast of the expanding science and practice of public health." Have the science and practice of public health expanded so much so soon? Apparently so. Up-to-date chapters describe "new" diseases (eg, toxic shock syndrome and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and "new" public health concerns (eg, nuclear war, homicide and spouse abuse, ergonomics, and technology assessment). Some "old" diseases and other public health concerns such as dracunculiasis, diabetes mellitus, digestive diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, disabling visual disorders, and family planning programs and practices were either marginally present or scattered throughout in earlier editions. Now, each deservedly has a chapter of its own, providing better balance and more extensive coverage than before. Perhaps the editor will be able to maintain this balance and coverage in future editions as well if
Altitude induced illness.
Authors: D. Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (1992)

however, is open to error.A considerable educational effort would be required to alter established prescribing habits.To complicate matters further, the title of the products on the datasheet does not reflect the name printed on our stock of the reformulated product.Omnopon Paediatric is actually packaged and labelled as Omnopon 10 with no reference to paediatric on the box.We believe that the risk of the wrong strength of Omnopon being prescribed and administered is great and does not warrant its continued use.
South African public sceptical about new AIDS "cure"
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Against a background of scams to treat HIV/AIDS, the government's erratic approach to the epidemic, and an increasingly cynical but desperate public, a team from the Medical University of South Africa recently announced Inactivan as an anabolic steroid which stops HIV from replicating in white blood cells. The development of the drug was announced in a well-publicized press conference after a 5-day trial on humans. However, few people in South Africa are ready to accept the team's findings since it comes shortly after 2 poorly-qualified scientists claimed to have found a cure for AIDS in 1998. Their drug, Virodene, was actually a toxic industrial solvent. South Africa's minister of health, Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, tarnished her reputation by associating herself with the drug, which had not been through any of the usual research protocols, peer review, or drug regulatory mechanisms.
Management of noninfectious mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: data from 242 cases included in the CryoVas survey
Authors: Benjamin Terrier, Evguenia Krastinova, Isabelle Marie, David Launay, Adeline Lacraz, Pauline Belenotti, Luc de Saint-Martin, Thomas Quemeneur, Antoine Huart, Fabrice Bonnet, Guillaume Le Guenno, Jean-Emmanuel Kahn, Olivier Hinschberger, Patricia Rullier, Elisabeth Diot, Estibaliz Lazaro, Frank Bridoux, Thierry Zénone, Fabrice Carrat, Olivier Hermine, Jean-Marc Léger, Xavier Mariette, Patricia Senet, Emmanuelle Plaisier, Patrice Cacoub
Journal: Blood (2012)
Inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl impedes activation of the FLT3 internal tandem duplication in human acute myeloid leukemia: implications for Axl as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Il-Kyoo Park, Anjali Mishra, Jason Chandler, Susan P. Whitman, Guido Marcucci, Michael A. Caligiuri
Journal: Blood (2013)
Where Should Women Deliver Babies in Japan?
Authors: Naoki Ikegami
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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ON THE CLINICAL STUDY OF THE HEART SOUNDS.
Authors: Austin Flint
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read to the Section on Practice of Medicine and Materia Medica, of Am. Med. Association, May, 1884. The volume of the transactions of the American Medical Association for 1858, contains a prize essay by me on the "Clinical Study of the Heart-Sounds in Health and Disease." The term heart-sounds in this essay, used in its conventional sense, was limited to the normal sounds of the heart, and their abnormal modifications, the term, as thus limited, not embracing adventitious sounds, these being distinguished as heart murmurs. The following quotation is from the introductory remarks in that essay: "The clinical study of cardiac affections, which has been prosecuted of late years with so much assiduity and success by observers in different countries, has had reference more especially to the murmurs. On the normal sounds and their abnormal modifications, comparatively small attention has been bestowed. In the course of investigations, having reference to