tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observations on the Construction of the Cephalotribe
Authors: G. H. Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1867)

THE BBITSH MEDICAL 7OURNAL 335 _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 so rapidly spread in them.I take this opportunity of mentic)ning that the corporation of Dublin have lately erected, at an expense of o500, a disinfecting chamber upon the plan of that constructed at Liverpool ider the superintendence of Dr. Trench, which succeeded so admirably.IL this new chamber, the temperature ordinarily employed is 300°, and it is often raised to 350°I regret that it is not very largely taken ad.vantage by the hospital authorities It has been used a few times by the dispensary physicians, but as yet has not grown much in public fi,vour.I am not aware that there is any other disinfecting chamber in Europe on the same principle.It has been lately copied in New York.Dr. ACLANrD: Nothing could be more lucid and perfect than Dr.Gairdner's representation of the general condition of the population of the bad parts of our great cities.They are all very much alike, uith, of coarse, certain local reservations.What struck me as a very admirable featurc of Dr. Gairdners communication, especially as a professional one, was its moderate and temperate character.I did not catch a word of at- tack on therladlords as unreasonable possessoawtproperty, oranystma- tising wuhate,u of persons who cannot help the circumstances in whieh they find theaseves.Nothing, of course, can exaggerate the terrible aature of thtevil, such as have been described,.which are suffered by the poorer populations not only in Glasgow, but also in Edinburgh (wvhich city r mention, as I am myself acquainted with it), and also, I believe, in Dublin, and especially in London.The condition of some of this property is such as to constitute an almost irremediable evil in the case of an enormously increasing population; that is, irremediable for a certain time, just as the unhealthy constitutions of some of the
TINEL'S SIGN IN PERIPHERAL NERVE LESIONS
Authors: W. M. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1918)

On April 8th, 9th, and 10th frequent watery evacuations of the bowels were obtained, so it is difficult to state with accuracy if any urine was passed.On April 11th the bowels were not opened for twenty-four hours and all urine was collected with the greatest care; only 2oz. were obtained.For the ten days (April 7th to 17th) though very large quantities of fluid were drunk, the quantity of urine collected in twenty-four hours was never more than 3i oz. and frequently only a few drachms.During this time she was slightly drowsy but easily awakened, and answered all questions quite rationally.Delirium, twitchings, vomiting, convulsions, and headache were absent.The temperature averaged 990 and never rose above 1000.After the shock of the fits had subsided the pulse-rate averaged 84.The tongue was fairly clean and the breath not foul.She complained only of pain in the eyes, but Mr. Dawnay, who examined the discs on April 16th, found them normal.During the first part of this time the oedema was slight, but on April 17th it had increased; her general coni- dition was getting definitely worse, no improvement in the output of urine had taken place, and a fatal termination within, at most, two days, seemed the only end.At noon, under ether anaesthesia (Miss Russell), I incised the right loin and exposed the kidney.It was dark purple in colour and hard.On incision, the kidney substance bulged slightly through the tense capsule.The capsule was freely opened by a T-shaped cut which penetrated the cortex for about one-third of an inch.A large drainage tube was inserted inito the oedematouis perinephric tissues and the wound closed rapidly by through-and-through sutures.In the sixteen hours preceding the-operation she had passed only 2 oz. of urine; in the next eiglht hours, besides what came from the loin, 6 oz.were passed by the urethra.On tWe next day, April 18th, 38 oz.were passed; on April 19th, 37 oz.; on April 20th, 50 oz.D)uring the next week the average amount measured daily was 82 oz.She rapidly improved after the nephrotomy and recovered without further symptoms.The urine was repeatedly examined by Dr. F. E. Taylor; on April 16th albumin was present up to 0.5 Esbach, but diminished in amount till it was reported as absent on April 23rd and following days.Later a trace reappeared.Neither diacetic acid ncr acetone was ever found.The amount of urea on April 13th was 0.5 per cent.and on April 15th 0.7 per cent.Casts were repeatedly searched for, but were absent till the (dfty after the nephrotomy, when blood and leucocytic casts were passed in quantity.
Abstract 2875: Regulation of gene expression by sphingosine in a mouse cell model of ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Amy L. Creekmore, Eva M. Schmelz, P. C. Roberts
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Approximately 90% of ovarian cancers are derived from the surface epithelium of the ovary. To study and further understand the early events that lead to epithelial ovarian cancer, we previously developed the syngeneic mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) model; MOSE cells have undergone spontaneous transformation in cell culture and were categorized into distinct stages by their phenotype, with early passages (MOSE-E) representing a pre-neoplastic, non-tumorigenic phenotype to late passages (MOSE-L) that demonstrate a highly aggressive malignant phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. Sphingosine, a bioactive metabolite of complex sphingolipids, has been shown to have chemopreventive properties in cancer, including colon and ovarian. In these studies we have investigated the hypothesis that sphingosine can prevent or reverse the aberrant gene expression in MOSE-L cells. Using a complete mouse genome microarray, we have identified 1412 genes that were significantly changed in the late malignant MOSE-L versus non-tumorigenic MOSE-E cells. Upon treatment of MOSE-L cells with non-toxic concentrations of sphingosine, microarray analysis revealed the down-regulation of 172 of 701 upregulated genes and up-regulation of 176 of 711 down-regulated genes in MOSE-L cells. Gene ontology analyses showed that these genes were overrepresented in specific categories with up-regulated genes involved in lipid and steroid metabolism, ER, and innate immune response while down regulated genes are involved in cell cycle, cytoskeleton and its regulation, and chromosome stability. A comparison of upregulated genes in MOSE-L cells treated with 5’-azaDC and sphingosine identified genes that are potentially epigenetically silenced by promoter methylation as cells transition from pre-neoplastic to malignant. Also, in addition to changes in gene expression, sphingosine reversed aberrant cytoskeleton organization. Taken together, this indicates that sphingosine acts as a chemopreventive agent by regulating multiple pathways including gene expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2875.
Saliences, propositions, and amalgams: Emergent learning in nonhumans
Authors: Heidi Lyn, Duane M. Rumbaugh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We comment on the similarities and differences of Mitchell et al.'s framework for understanding classical and operant conditioning and the theoretical framework put forth by Rumbaugh et al. (2007). We propose that all nonhuman and human learning may be based on amalgams created by co-occurring stimuli that share their response-eliciting properties and that these amalgams may be propositional in nature.
Communication With the Hard of Hearing Patient
Authors: Robert G. Small
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  A Discovery I made recently is so simple that I can't believe that someone has not thought of it before. It may be of help to others.  For years, I have been plagued with the patient who is so hard of hearing that any communication requires shouting. Thus, ward or office personnel are embarrassed or amused at the dialogue. Usually the physician retires with a poor history or poor patient instruction, with frustration on both sides.  This is no longer a problem. Simply take any stethoscope, preferably with a diaphragm-type bell. Place it in the patient's ears and speak clearly and distinctly into the end usually reserved for the patient's chest. The plastic diaphragm need not be removed. To increase the volume further, the hand may be cupped about the bell while speaking into the stethoscope. In the short time I have been using this method I
Complement fixation by anti-dsDNA antibodies in SLE: measurement by radioimmunoassay and relationship with disease activity.
Authors: C G Mackworth-Young, J K Chan, C C Bunn, G R Hughes, A E Gharavi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

We have developed a sensitive, solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) to quantify the amount of complement (C') fixation by anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies and have studied sera from 48 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 46% of the patients were positive in this assay. There was no correlation with serum C' levels, and only weak correlation with anti-dsDNA activity as measured by a solid phase RIA. An association was shown between positive values for C' fixation by anti-dsDNA antibodies and the presence of active lupus (p less than 0.01); there was a similar association with the presence of active renal disease in those patients with raised DNA binding (p less than 0.01). Our results suggest that quantitative measurement of C' fixation by anti-dsDNA antibodies may provide information about the pathogenicity of such antibodies in patients with SLE and be a better guide to potential end organ damage than the conventional measurement of DNA binding.
Reproductive Toxicity of a Mixture of Regulated Drinking-Water Disinfection By-Products in a Multigenerational Rat Bioassay
Authors: Michael G. Narotsky, Gary R. Klinefelter, Jerome M. Goldman, Anthony B. DeAngelo, Deborah S. Best, Anthony McDonald, Lillian F. Strader, Ashley S. Murr, Juan D. Suarez, Michael H. George, E. Sidney Hunter, Jane Ellen Simmons
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundTrihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs); their joint reproductive toxicity in drinking water is unknown.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate a drinking water mixture of the four regulated THMs and five regulated HAAs in a multigenerational reproductive toxicity bioassay.MethodsSprague-Dawley rats were exposed (parental, F1, and F2 generations) from gestation day 0 of the parental generation to postnatal day (PND) 6 of the F2 generation to a realistically proportioned mixture of THMs and HAAs at 0, 500×, 1,000×, or 2,000× of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s maximum contaminant levels (MCLs).ResultsMaternal water consumption was reduced at ≥ 1,000×; body weights were reduced at 2,000×. Prenatal and postnatal survival were unaffected. F1 pup weights were unaffected at birth but reduced at 2,000× on PND6 and at ≥ 1,000× on PND21. Postweaning F1 body weights were reduced at 2,000×, and water consumption was reduced at ≥ 500×. Males at 2,000× had a small but significantly increased incidence of retained nipples and compromised sperm motility. Onset of puberty was delayed at 1,000× and 2,000×. F1 estrous cycles and fertility were unaffected, and F2 litters showed no effects on pup weight or survival. Histologically, P0 (parental) dams had nephropathy and adrenal cortical pathology at 2,000×.ConclusionsA mixture of regulated DBPs at up to 2,000× the MCLs had no adverse effects on fertility, pregnancy maintenance, prenatal survival, postnatal survival, or birth weights. Delayed puberty at ≥ 1,000× may have been secondary to reduced water consumption. Male nipple retention and compromised sperm motility at 2,000× may have been secondary to reduced body weights.CitationNarotsky MG, Klinefelter GR, Goldman JM, DeAngelo AB, Best DS, McDonald A, Strader LF, Murr AS, Suarez JD, George MH, Hunter ES III, Simmons JE. 2015. Reproductive toxicity of a mixture of regulated drinking-water disinfection by-products in a multigenerational rat bioassay. Environ Health Perspect 123:564–570; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408579
Independent contribution of electrocardiographic abnormalities to risk of death from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes. Findings of three Chicago epidemiologic studies.
Authors: B L Cedres, K Liu, J Stamler, A R Dyer, R Stamler, D M Berkson, O Paul, M Lepper, H A Lindberg, J Marquardt, E Stevens, J A Schoenberger, R B Shekelle, P Collette, D Garside
Journal: Circulation (1982)
Prolonged shear stress and KLF2 suppress constitutive proinflammatory transcription through inhibition of ATF2
Authors: Joost O. Fledderus, Johannes V. van Thienen, Reinier A. Boon, Rob J. Dekker, Jakub Rohlena, Oscar L. Volger, Ann-Pascale J. J. Bijnens, Mat J. A. P. Daemen, Johan Kuiper, Theo J. C. van Berkel, Hans Pannekoek, Anton J. G. Horrevoets
Journal: Blood (2007)
Abstract 2534: Anti-LOXL2 conjugated gold nanoparticles: therapeutic probes for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yang Guo, Zhuoli Zhang, Weiguo Li, Jodi Nicolai, Reed Omary, Andrew Larson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract PURPOSE: Multi-functional gold nanoparticles may play an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using these anti-LOXL2 conjugated gold nanoparticles (anti-LOXL2@GoldMag) as therapeutic probes for the treatment of human pancreatic cancer cells. MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, BxPC-3 and Capan-1 cells) was used in this study. Western blot of LOXL2 expression in three cell lines were analyzed and compared to EGFR proteins. GoldMag, the hybrid gold shell and iron oxide core nanoparticles were purchases and their imaging characteristics (R2 and R2* relativity) was measured. Anti-LOXL2@GoldMag probes were constructed according to the instruction and the coupling efficacy of anti-LOXL2 antibodies with GoldMag were tested using a mass spectrophotometer. The specific targeting efficacy of anti-LOXL2@GoldMag was tested using immunofluorescence staining and electronic microscope. Pancreatic cancer cells were treated with anti-LOXL2@GoldMag at the concentrations of 0, 35, 70, 140 and 280 μg/ml and compared to anti-LOXL2 treatment alone at the same dosing concentration. After allowing for 48 hours incubation, the remaining number of viable cells was counted using trypan blue staining; cell proliferation percentage was calculated based on the total number of viable cells after treatment compared to the controls. RESULTS: The therapeutic efficacy of anti-LOXL2@GoldMag demonstrated similar therapeutic efficacy at both lower dose (18-51% reduced total viable cells) and enhanced therapeutic efficacy at the higher dose (86-99% reduced total viable cells) when compared to LOXL2 antibody alone. This suggests that binding of the LOXL2 antibodies to the GoldMag nanoparticles doesn't inhibit immunotherapeutic efficacy. MRI studies demonstrated that R2 and R2* measurements were well correlated to GoldMag probe concentrations. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated significant anti-neoplastic efficacy in three different human pancreatic cancer cell lines. MRI could serve as a non-invasive imaging method to monitor the biodistribution of gold nanoparticles. Further pre-clinical investigations are now warranted in animal models of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2534. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2534
German anaesthetist is dismissed because of forged study
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A consultant anaesthetist, Joachim Boldt, has been dismissed by his employer, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, after an independent expert committee established that one of his publications reported the results of a study that had never taken place.

The study, of high dose, balanced hydroxyethyl starch versus an albumin based strategy in cardiopulmonary bypass priming, had been published in the US journal Anesthesia & Analgesia …
Abstract 1440: Metabolic therapy reduces expression of PECAM-1/CD31 and decreases peritumoral edema in a mouse model of malignant glioma
Authors: Eric C. Woolf, Julie A. Charlton, Qingwei Liu, Gregory Turner, Mark C. Preul, Adrienne C. Scheck
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Patients with malignant brain tumors have a median survival of approximately one year following diagnosis, regardless of currently available treatments which include surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Improvement in the survival of brain cancer patients requires the design of new therapeutic modalities that take advantage of common phenotypes. One such phenotype is the metabolic dysregulation that is a hallmark of cancer cells. It has therefore been postulated that one approach to treating brain tumors may be by metabolic alteration such as that which occurs through the use of the ketogenic diet (KD). The KD is high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that induces ketosis and has been utilized for the non-pharmacologic treatment of refractory epilepsy. We and others have shown that this diet enhances survival and potentiates standard therapy in mouse models of malignant gliomas, yet the anti-tumor mechanisms are not fully understood. It has been previously shown that caloric restriction, which induces ketosis, reduces microvessel density in mouse and human brain tumor models, suggesting an anti-angiogenic effect. We now report that in animals fed KetoCal® (KC) (4:1 fat:protein/carbohydrates) ad libitum, peritumoral edema is significantly reduced early in tumor progression when compared to those fed a standard rodent diet (SD). Western blot analysis showed a reduction of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1/CD31) in tumors from animals maintained on KC. These results were supported by immunohistochemical staining for CD31 which also revealed abnormal vessel structure in the tumors from animals fed SD but not in those fed KC, suggesting a normalizing effect by the KC. Furthermore gene expression profiling demonstrated that KC decreases expression of a group of genes involved in angiogenesis and vessel structuring including the genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) and angiopoetin 1 receptor (TEK), integrin beta 1 (ITGB1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases 1 (TIMP1). Taken together our data suggests that KC alters the angiogenic processes involved in malignant progression of gliomas. A greater understanding of the effects of the ketogenic diet as an adjuvant therapy will allow for a more rational approach to its clinical use. Citation Format: Eric C. Woolf, Julie A. Charlton, Qingwei Liu, Gregory Turner, Mark C. Preul, Adrienne C. Scheck. Metabolic therapy reduces expression of PECAM-1/CD31 and decreases peritumoral edema in a mouse model of malignant glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1440. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1440
977 INHIBITION OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS DURING INDUCED CHOLESTASIS AMELIORATES HEPATOCELLULAR INJURY BY FACILITATING S-NITROSOTHIOL HOMEOSTASIS
Authors: L.M. López-Sánchez, F.J. Corrales, M. Barcos, I. Espejo, J.R. Muñnoz-Castañneda, A. Rodríguez-Ariza
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Successful use of etretinate for long-term management of a patient with cutaneous-type adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma
Authors: T. Inozume, H. Matsue, M. Furuhashi, Y. Nakamura, H. Mitsui, N. Ando, M. Mizutani, A. Miyahara, T. Kawamura, N. Shibagaki, K. Tsukamoto, S. Shimada
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)
Effects of cocaine on excitation-contraction coupling of aortic smooth muscle from the ferret.
Authors: K Egashira, K G Morgan, J P Morgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The mechanism by which cocaine alters vascular tone is not fully understood. We determined the effects of cocaine on excitation-contraction coupling of isolated ferret aorta. Cocaine in concentrations less than or equal to 10(-4) M caused a contractile response in a dose-dependent manner. The response of control muscle was significantly larger than that in muscle from ferrets pretreated with reserpine. Cocaine-induced contraction was not affected by endothelial factors, but was significantly inhibited by prazosin 10(-7) M pretreatment. The intracellular calcium [( Ca++]i), as measured with aequorin, rose in conjunction with cocaine-induced contraction. The degree of contraction generated by 10(-4) M cocaine decreased after higher concentrations of cocaine greater than or equal to 10(-3) M, while aequorin luminescence remained elevated above the levels before 10(-6) M cocaine. The dose-response relationships of norepinephrine and sympathetic nerve stimulation were enhanced by 10(-6) M cocaine in control muscles; this did not occur in muscles from reserpine pretreated ferrets. In conclusion, (a) cocaine in concentrations less than or equal to 10(-4) M caused vascular contraction presumably by its presynaptic action with consequent alpha-1 adrenoceptor activation and consequent [Ca++]i rise; (b) high concentrations of cocaine greater than or equal to 10(-3) M reduced muscle tone by decreasing the Ca++ sensitivity of the contractile proteins; and (c) supersensitivity to norepinephrine was mediated by cocaine's action on adrenergic nerve endings.
Delayed stomach to caecum transit time in the diabetic rat. Possible role of hyperglucagonaemia.
Authors: J Chesta, E S Debnam, S K Srai, O Epstein
Journal: Gut (1990)

Disturbances of gastrointestinal motility are a common feature of diabetes mellitus and are usually ascribed to autonomic neuropathy. In order to assess the role of other factors on changes in motility in diabetes we have studied the stomach to caecum transit time (SCTT) during the progression of streptozotocin induced diabetes in the rat. Rats were used one, two, four, and eight weeks after a single injection of streptozotocin and age matched animals were used as controls. In further experiments non-diabetic rats received a bolus injection of pancreatic glucagon (50 or 75 micrograms intraperitoneally) or its diluent. SCTT was estimated using the non-invasive hydrogen excretion method. SCTT was unaffected by the age of the animal (mean (SEM) value: 101 (5) min), but was significantly delayed at one week (139 (11) min, p less than 0.01), two weeks (163 (16) min, p less than 0.01), four weeks (148 (9) min, p less than 0.01), and eight weeks (171 (13) min, p less than 0.01) after streptozotocin. SCTT was also slower during hyperglucagonaemia (control 96 (6) min; glucagon treated 50 micrograms: 120 (7) min, p less than 0.05 and 75 micrograms: 127 (8), p less than 0.05). Since autonomic neuropathy is not a recognised feature of the initial stages of diabetes hyperglucagonaemia may be responsible, at least in part, for diabetes induced changes in gastrointestinal motility.