tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unique Alterations of Thyroid Hormone Indices in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Jonathan S. LoPresti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine alterations in serum thyroid hormone indices in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design: Prospective, single-blind study. Setting: Large metropolitan hospital where 20% of all patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Los Angeles are treated. Patients: Twenty-six inpatients with bronchoscopy-proven Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and AIDS. Outpatients included 10 persons seropositive for HIV, 10 with AIDS-related complex, and 10 with AIDS. Main Results: There were 19 survivors and 7 nonsurvivors of P. carinii infection. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) values generally remained normal until hospitalization, with nonsurvivors having lower values than survivors (0.56 ± 0.1 nmol/L compared with 1.3 ± 0.1 nmol/L, P < 0.002, respectively). Reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) levels were low in persons with AIDS-related complex (0.21 ± 0.02 nmol/L, P < 0.001) and in AIDS outpatients (0.17 ±0.02 nmol/L, P < 0.001). Normalization of rT3 occurred after patients were hospitalized (0.28 ± 0.01 nmol/L). Serum thyroxinebinding globulin values rose with progression of HIV infection (seropositive, 369.7 ± 18.1 nmol/L, P < 0.005; AIDS-related complex, 419.1 ± 37.0 nmol/L, P < 0.005; AIDS, 423.3 ± 31.9 nmol/L, P < 0.005; survivors, 476.3 ± 24.6 nmol/L, P < 0.001), whereas nonsurvivors had normal values. All values are compared with normal values (T3, 2.3 ± 0.04 nmol/L; rT3, 0.28 ± 0.01 nmol/L; thyroxinebinding globulin, 288.2 ± 6.9 nmol/L). Conclusions: Infection with HIV produces unique alterations in thyroid function. A progressive decline in rT3 and elevation in thyroxine-binding globulin accompany advancing HIV infection. The persistence of a normal T3 despite progression of HIV infection may contribute to weight loss. A low serum T3 on admission correlates with mortality.
PLZF staining identifies peripheral T-cell lymphomas derived from innate-like T-cells with TRAV1-2-TRAJ33 TCR-α rearrangement
Authors: Stephanie McGregor, Anant Shah, Gordana Raca, M. Kamran Mirza, Sonali M. Smith, John Anastasi, James W. Vardiman, Elizabeth Hyjek, Sandeep Gurbuxani
Journal: Blood (2014)
Women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Authors: R. A Cox, M. Crick
Journal: BMJ (1989)

should a second prosthesis be provided.2Mr Keetarut describes a world seen only from the perspective of a professional, who despite his interviews with patients seems to have missed the opportunity to consider the provision of a spare limb from the perspective of amputees.Mv sister in law has had a through knee amputa- tion.She is under 30 and mother of an 18 month old child.Although she may be unusual in being young and having lost a limb, she is not excep- tional.She has to travel 72 km to a limb centre;
Risk of Tuberculosis and Time Spent in Jail
Authors: George T. DiFerdinando
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Bellin et al<sup>1</sup>followed a cohort of inmates in the New York City jail system who at entry were nonreactive to a Mantoux tuberculin skin test, and suggest that the subsequent incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) in the cohort proves an association of TB disease with either jail time or number of jail admissions. Several methodologic issues should be clarified before this plausible hypothesis can be accepted. For example, ascertainment of TB cases was likely incomplete, since matching was done only to the New York City TB registry. Thousands of New York City jail inmates are transferred yearly to the New York State Department of Correctional Services (NYSDOCS); active TB in NYSDOCS inmates are registered with the New York State Department of Health, not with New York City. Since most NYSDOCS inmates (85%) are from New York City,<sup>2</sup>there were likely to be several cases of
Relationship Between Changes in Serum Levels of Keratin 18 and Changes in Liver Histology in Children and Adults With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Raj Vuppalanchi, Ajay K. Jain, Ross Deppe, Katherine Yates, Megan Comerford, Howard C. Masuoka, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri, Rohit Loomba, Elizabeth M. Brunt, David E. Kleiner, Jean P. Molleston, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Joel E. Lavine, James Tonascia, Naga Chalasani
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex of the Mouse
Authors: Leroy Hood, Michael Steinmetz, Bernard Malissen
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1983)

In the past 2 years our understanding of the major histocompatibility complex has advanced dramatically because of the rapid progress made by molecular genetics. Biologists can now begin to dissect the molecular nature of one of the most fundamental problems in eukaryotic biology-the ability of organisms to discriminate between self and nonself. Even the most primi­ tive of metazoa, the sponges, exhibit cell-surface recognition systems capa­ ble of identifying and destroying nonself, presumably to preserve the integrity of individuals growing in densely populated environments (34). For example, when two genetically identical sponges are apposed, the indi­ viduals fuse to form a single organism. However, when two genetically dissimilar sponges are joined, there is a reaction leading to tissue destruction at the boundary between the two individuals (35, 36). Presumably, cell­ surface structures recognize nonself and trigger effector mechanisms that lead to the destruction of the foreign tissue. Perhaps the most striking feature of the molecules involved in these cell-surface recognition phenom­ ena is their enormous diversity or polymorphism. More than 900 genetically distinct sponges have the capacity to reject one another after apposition (35). Self/nonself recognition systems in other invertebrates and vertebrates appear to display similar characteristics. Thus, three features are fundamen­ tal to self/nonself recognition systems-cell-surface recognition structures, effector mechanisms that lead to the destruction of nonself, and a high degree of polymorphism in the recognition structures. Mammals have self/nonself recognition systems encoded by a chromoso­ mal region termed the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with pre-
Treatment Guidelines for Patients With Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Peter A. Singer, David S. Cooper, Elliot G. Levy, Paul W. Ladenson, Lewis E. Braverman, Gilbert Daniels, Francis S. Greenspan, I. Ross McDougall, Thomas F. Nikolai
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop a set of minimum clinical guidelines for use by primary care physicians in the evaluation and management of patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Guidelines were developed by a nine-member ad hoc Standards of Care Committee of the American Thyroid Association (the authors of this article). The participants were selected by the committee chair and the president of the American Thyroid Association on the basis of their clinical experience. The committee members represented different geographic areas within the United States, in order to take into account different practice styles. <h3>Evidence.</h3> —Guidelines were developed on the basis of expert opinion of the participants, as well as on available published information. <h3>Consensus Process.</h3> —Input was obtained from all of the participants, each of whom wrote an initial section of the document. A complete draft document was then written by three participants (P.A.S., D.S.C., and E.G.L.) and resubmitted to the entire committee for revision. The revised document was then submitted to the entire membership of the American Thyroid Association for written comments, which were then reviewed (mainly by P.A.S., D.S.C., and E.G.L.). Many of the suggestions of the American Thyroid Association members were incorporated into the final draft, which was then approved by the Executive Council of the American Thyroid Association. The entire process, from initial drafts to final approval, took approximately 18 months. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A set of minimum clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were developed by consensus of a group of experienced thyroidologists. The guidelines are intended to be used by physicians in their care of patients with thyroid disorders, with the expectation that more effective care can be provided, and at a cost savings. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:808-812)
Reducing Pregnancy Risk
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Characterization and clinical relevance of liver-pancreas antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Ernst Stechemesser, Reinhild Klein, Peter A. Berg
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The isolation of a marker antigen from rat liver and pancreas tissue, which reacts with antibodies in a subtype of autoimmune hepatitis by complement fixation test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot, is described. The liver-pancreas antigen could be detected in tissue from different human or animal organs, but liver and pancreas yielded the highest activity. A highly specific antigen fraction was obtained by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography with a 100,000 g supernatant from rat liver tissue, and this preparation was shown to be devoid of nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal antigens and cytokeratin 8 and 18, as demonstrated by appropriate marker antibodies. These data and absorption studies with cell organelles indicate that liver-pancreas antigen is a cytosolic protein. By Western blotting, two major epitopes at molecular weights 52 kD and 48 kD could be visualized. Sera from 175 patients previously shown to have high complement-fixing activity to a nonpurified liver-pancreas antigen fraction were further analyzed. All were positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the purified liver-pancreas antigen fractions, and 111 were also positive by Western blot. Eighty-six sera reacted with the 52-kD determinant, 33 with the 48-kD determinant and 2 with both determinants. In 117 of the 175 patients, antibody to liver-pancreas antigen was associated with other autoantibodies known to characterize subgroups of autoimmune hepatitis. Thus 19 patients had antibodies to nuclei and 96 to actin but none to liver-kidney microsomes, hereby suggesting that antibody to liver-pancreas antigen may define another subgroup of autoimmune hepatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treatment of the Early Manifestations of Lyme Disease
Authors: ALLEN C. STEERE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

During 1980 and 1981, we compared antibiotic regimens in 108 adult patients with early Lyme disease. Erythema chronicum migrans and its associated symptoms resolved faster in penicillin- or tetracycline-treated patients than in those given erythromycin (mean duration, 5.4 and 5.7 versus 9.2 days, F = 3.38, p < 0.05). None of 39 patients given tetracycline developed major late complications (meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, or recurrent attacks of arthritis) compared with 3 of 40 penicillin-treated patients and 4 of 29 given erythromycin (chi square with 2 degrees of freedom = 5.33, p = 0.07). In 1982, all 49 adult patients were given tetracycline; again, none of them developed major complications. However, with all three antibiotic agents nearly half of the patients had minor late symptoms such as headache, musculoskeletal pain, and lethargy. These complications correlated significantly with the initial severity of illness. For patients with early Lyme disease, tetracycline appears to be the most effective drug, then penicillin, and finally erythromycin.
Microalbuminuria as predictor of increased mortality in elderly people.
Authors: E M Damsgaard, A Froland, O D Jorgensen, C E Mogensen
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--Correlation of the urinary albumin excretion rate and the risk of death among elderly subjects. DESIGN--216 Subjects aged 60-74 whose urinary albumin excretion rate had been determined were followed up 62-83 months later. SETTING--Municipality of Fredericia, Denmark. SUBJECTS--223 People who had been selected as control subjects for diabetics found during a systematic screening for diabetes of all people aged 60-74 living in the municipality of Fredericia, Denmark. Of these subjects, 216 had an extensive clinical and biochemical examination within a few weeks of selection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Death. RESULTS--The median urinary albumin excretion rate was 7.52 micrograms/min. Eight of those with a rate below the median died compared with 23 with a rate equal to or greater than the median (p = 0.0078). The median albumin excretion rate in the 31 who died was 15.00 micrograms/min. Cardiovascular disease was the most common cause of death in both groups. A multivariate regression analysis of survival data was performed using the proportional hazards model. Besides albumin excretion rate, male sex, serum creatinine concentration, and hypertension were found to be of prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS--The association between the albumin excretion rate and mortality that has been described in recent years in patients with diabetes mellitus may be present in elderly people in general, even when other known risk factors are taken into account.
An Atlas of Vascular Rings and Related Malformations of the Aortic Arch System
Authors: E. B. D. Neuhauser
Journal: JAMA (1964)

After a concise and lucid chapter on the development of the aortic arch system, the authors undertake a logical classification of anomalies based on a hypothetical situation where no regression of segments has taken place, leaving a model with double aortic arch and bilateral ductus arteriosi. This seems to be a very reasonable classification; although probably few people will remember the groups and subgroups, for the purposes of this excellent atlas, it appears well conceived. On the basis of the classification, but with little attention to clinical signs, symptoms, or treatment, each malformation is illustrated by anatomic drawings and by a clear developmental diagram indicating the basis for the anomaly. The authors discuss briefly the material available for the study and the pathological aspects in representative cases. These are illustrated by excellent photographs of the pathological specimens in varying projections, so that in nearly all instances the lesion is quite
Lipoprotein Changes and Reduction in the Incidence of Major Coronary Heart Disease Events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
Authors: Terje R. Pedersen, Anders G. Olsson, Ole Færgeman, John Kjekshus, Hans Wedel, Kåre Berg, Lars Wilhelmsen, Torben Haghfelt, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Kalevi Pyörälä, Tatu Miettinen, Bjørn Christophersen, Jonathan A. Tobert, Thomas A. Musliner, Thomas J. Cook
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) randomized 4444 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and serum cholesterol 5.5 to 8.0 mmol/L (213 to 310 mg/dL) with triglycerides < or =2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL) to simvastatin 20 to 40 mg or placebo once daily. Over the median follow-up period of 5.4 years, one or more major coronary events (MCEs) occurred in 622 (28%) of the 2223 patients in the placebo group and 431 (19%) of the 2221 patients in the simvastatin group (34% risk reduction, P<.00001). Simvastatin produced substantial changes in several lipoprotein components, which we have attempted to relate to the beneficial effects observed.The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relationship between lipid values (baseline, year 1, and percent change from baseline at year 1) and MCEs. The reduction in MCEs within the simvastatin group was highly correlated with on-treatment levels and changes from baseline in total and LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and less so with HDL cholesterol, but there was no clear relationship with triglycerides. We estimate that each additional 1% reduction in LDL cholesterol reduces MCE risk by 1.7% (95% CI, 1.0% to 2.4%; P<.00001).These analyses suggest that the beneficial effect of simvastatin in individual patients in 4S was determined mainly by the magnitude of the change in LDL cholesterol, and they are consistent with current guidelines that emphasize aggressive reduction of this lipid in CHD patients.
Dad's Specialty
Authors: Martha Boyce Witwer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5618: Tumor suppressor genes? The status of genes PAX 5&amp;6 in primary and secondary gliomas and glioblastoma multiforme tumors
Authors: Mary B. Newman, David Wallace, Brian Mitchell, Richard W. Byrne
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Gliomas are the most common brain tumors, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors have the poorest prognosis, and due to their molecular heterogeneity, these tumors remain incurable and highly resistant to treatments, in most cases. The PAX (paired box) family of genes is comprised of are nine members that are subdivided based on the products of their protein domain structures. PAX5 and PAX6 are developmental genes that are vital during embryonic stages of development, and their transcription factors have supportive, if not, key functions in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, gene PAX6 has been reported to be over and under expressed in high grade gliomas, GBMs, and glioma cell lines. However, these results could be an effect of upstream or downstream manipulation of other transcription factor(s), the origin of the tissue (PAX6 expression is restricted to the forebrain, optic cup, hindbrain, and spinal cord, lens placode, and nasal epithelium), and the epigenetic regulation of some other gene. In addition, there are no reported mutations in either gene PAX5 or PAX6 in the cells from GBMs. Therefore, confusion exists as to role these genes have in tumorigenesis, and whether either gene has the properties or characteristics of a tumor suppressor gene. Study Objective: The overall study objective was to determine if either PAX5 or PAX6 are tumor suppressor genes, and can be silenced or over-expressed to inhibit the progression of cultured human adult primary glioma tissue samples, by employing small interfering RNA (siRNA) methodology. Methods: Primary cell cultures were incubated in reduced serum conditions for at least 1 month prior to transfections and cells were passed every 7 to 10 days or when flask was 90% confluent. To investigate and measure true inhibition of cell proliferation or progression of the cells, several techniques were used, such as, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and immunohistochemistry. Results: The high grade (IV) primary glioma tissue samples and their respective cell cultures showed relatively high expression levels for the gene PAX6 and lower levels of expression for gene PAX5 when compared to GAPDH gene and standard controls. Our initial transfections for knocking down of PAX6 using siRNA (TriFECTA, IDT) showed 90% of control samples were transfected, and our primary cells were knockdown by 82%, 70%, and 65% for each of PAX6 isoforms (N000280.21.1-S, 2-S, and 3-S) respectively. We are currently analyzing the rest of the PAX6 data and all of the PAX5 data. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5618. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5618
Stress Response Protein (srp-27) Determination in Primary Human Breast Carcinomas: Clinical, Histologic, and Prognostic Correlations
Authors: A. Thor, C. Benz, D. Moore, E. Goldman, S. Edgerton, J. Landry, L. Schwartz, B. Mayall, E. Hickey, L. A. Weber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Expression of an estrogen-regulated protein known as the 27000-d heat-shock or stress-response protein(srp-27) was evaluated in human breast carcinomas and established breast cancer cell lines. Results obtained by Northern and Western blot analyses and immunohistochemical methods were concordant. Immunohistochemical assessment of srp-27 expression in 300 breast carcinomas (with median patient follow-up of 8 years) was performed. Twenty-six percent of lymphnode-negative and 45% of lymph node-positive tumors were overexpressors. Univariate analysis demonstrated significant correlations between srp-27 overexpression and estrogen receptor(ER) content, pS2 protein expression, nodal metastases, advanced T stage, lymphatic/vascular invasion, and a shorter disease-free survival period (but not a shorter overall survival) for the study population as a whole. Regression tree analysis showed that srp-27 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for disease-free survival only in patients with one to three positive lymph nodes. The Cox proportional hazards model confirmed the independent prognostic significance of nodal involvement, T stage, and ER content but failed to recognize srp-27 overexpression as a significant independent parameter predictive of patient outcome in the patient population as a whole. The observed associations between srp-27 overexpression and more aggressive tumors suggest a biologic role for srp-27 in human breast carcinomas. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:170–178, 1991]