tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The sincerest form of flattery
Authors: Sandeep B Bavdekar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A 9 year old girl was admitted to our hospital with prolonged fever for over two months and swellings in the neck. We could offer her only symptomatic treatment while we awaited the results of investigations. Her parents were running out of patience and could not understand our inability to start treatment even after the patient had been in hospital for more than …
MYC and Metastasis
Authors: Anita Wolfer, Sridhar Ramaswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aggressive primary tumors express transcriptional signatures that correlate with their metastatic propensity. A number of these signatures have been deployed in the clinic as risk stratification tools. However, the molecular basis of these clinically useful prognostic signatures has remained a largely unresolved area of controversy. We recently found that many prognostic signatures reflect the activity of the MYC oncogene, which in turn regulates tumor metastasis through specific effects on cancer cell invasion and migration. These findings offer a general framework for understanding the molecular basis of clinically prognostic transcriptional signatures and suggest potentially new avenues for studying metastasis. Cancer Res; 71(6); 2034–7. ©2011 AACR.
John Alexander Aitken
Authors: C. Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (2010)

John Alexander Aitken died on the 3 August 2010 at the age of 81 years. A devout and open minded Christian, he was a highly respected and influential geriatrician whose long career firmly placed Clatterbridge Hospital as a centre for excellence in geriatric medicine. He was a highly respected professional who inspired all who came into contact with him. Although most of his contributions were to his local service, he was a role model to those he trained, and his influence is still seen in the work of leading geriatricians whom he educated.

He was born on the 29 March 1929, and was brought up in Stranraer, Scotland, where he was an active member of the Scottish Presbyterian Church. He qualified at Edinburgh University in medicine in 1952. Six months after qualifying he became a medical missionary in Nyasaland (modern day Malawi), before returning to train in medicine in Galashiels and in …
Mandatory National Health Service-Reply
Authors: Michael M. E. Johns
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —I am very happy to see such vigorous debate about this important issue. I hope it continues. In the best of times, compulsory medical training and service in underserved areas is less desirable than voluntarism—whether inspired by idealism or by a sense of personal or professional obligation. Those who object to my proposal that mandatory training and service be incorporated into graduate medical education fail to recognize that these are extraordinary times— for the medical profession and for the health and economic vitality of our nation. Voluntarism, supported by underfunded public health programs, has failed to provide adequate health care to millions of Americans, most notably those in underserved areas. An expanded NHSC will provide a critical mass of health care providers to this underserved population.  As for the ability of physicians with only 1 postgraduate year of medical training to provide adequate primary care, I envision that
A pH-sensitive gene delivery system based on folic acid-PEG-chitosan – PAMAM-plasmid DNA complexes for cancer cell targeting
Authors: Mingyue Wang, Haiyang Hu, Yuqi Sun, Lipeng Qiu, Jie Zhang, Guannan Guan, Xiuli Zhao, Mingxi Qiao, Liang Cheng, Lifang Cheng, Dawei Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
From gene activity to behavior (and back again)
Authors: Robert Lickliter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Documenting the bidirectional traffic from gene action to the external environment and its effects on behavior remains a major conceptual, empirical, and analytical challenge for developmental science. Charney has provided an instructive snapshot of where we are in meeting this challenge and, in so doing, exposes the considerable shortcomings of the traditional genomic model employed by behavior genetics.
Containing the AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Michael Marmor
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While the prefatory remarks in Dr Lundberg's<sup>1</sup>editorial on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) seem counterproductive, he is nonetheless to be congratulated for introducing a valuable list of preventive health measures that warrant consideration. We are writing to suggest additional measures to contain the AIDS epidemic. We believe the following warrant consideration. The scope of the AIDS epidemic needs to be communicated to drug abusers and the general public. Persons at risk of beginning drug abuse need to know that more than 50% of male and female intravenous (IV) drug abusers in New York City may be infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) and that a large fraction of these may be capable of transmitting HTLV-III.<sup>2,3</sup>Lesser, but substantial, numbers of drug users in other areas also may be infected with HTLV-III. As a precaution, all drug abusers should be assumed
Abstract 5214: miR-424(322)/503 cluster orchestrates remodeling of the epithelium in the involuting mammary gland and plays a role in breast cancer development
Authors: David Llobet Navas, Ruth Rodriguez Barrueco, Jose Silva
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The mammary gland is a very dynamic organ that undergoes continuous remodeling. The critical regulators of this process are not fully understood. Here we identify the microRNA cluster miR-424(322)/503 as an important regulator of epithelial involution after pregnancy and tumorigenesis. Importantly, miR-424(322)/503 loci is deleted in 20% of basal and luminal B tumors. Through the generation of a knock-out mouse model, we found that regression of the secretory acini of the mammary gland was compromised in the absence of miR-424(322)/503. Mechanistically, we show that miR-424(322)/503 orchestrates cell life and death decisions by targeting CDC25A, BCL-2 and IGF1R. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the expression of this miR-cluster is regulated by TGF-β, a well characterized regulator of mammary involution. Overall, our data suggest a model where activation of the TGF-β pathway after weaning induces the transcription of the miR-424(322)/503 which in turn downregulates the expression of key genes. Here, we unveil a previously unknown, multilayered-regulation of epithelial tissue remodeling coordinated by the microRNA cluster miR-424(322)/503. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: David Llobet Navas, Ruth Rodriguez Barrueco, Jose Silva. miR-424(322)/503 cluster orchestrates remodeling of the epithelium in the involuting mammary gland and plays a role in breast cancer development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5214
American Ophthalmologists Not Ashamed of Their Work.
Authors: Edward Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Denver, Colo., March 25, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —TheJournalfor the 21st inst., under the heading, "Ashamed of What They Should be Proudest of," contains an indictment of American ophthalmologists that must not pass unnoticed. The allegation that the American ophthalmologist obsequiously suppresses his own best work, on refraction and muscle balance, to court the favor of the "foreign distributor of distinction," is not sustained by the facts. To require in medical literature that the number of papers upon each subject should be proportioned to the number of cases of the kind met with in everyday practice, would be to make it a dreary waste of profitless repetition and unsuggestive detail about minor ailments. But even by this standard the Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society for 1895, which furnished the occasion for the attack, have been misrepresented. The Transactions contain the following papers relating to refraction and the
A CLINICAL STUDY OF BILIARY SECRETION IN A CASE PRESENTING A COMPLETELY OBSTRUCTED COMMON DUCT
Authors: Lawrence B. Sheldon
Journal: JAMA (1935)

This case is of interest because it enabled me to study accurately the biliary secretion for a period of three months. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A white woman, aged 65, had had a cholecystectomy five years before, at which the gallbladder with several hundred small stones was removed. Following the operation she was symptom free for aboutthree and one-half years. Then for the next eighteen months she suffered from intermittent attacks of severe pains in the upper part of the abdomen. A marked jaundice and septic-like temperature as high as 104 F. was associated with these attacks. It was at this stage that the patient came under observation. A diagnosis of common duct obstruction was made. The patient was prepared for surgical intervention by the administration of calcium salts, intravenous dextrose and hypodermoclysis of saline solution. At operation a markedly dilated common duct was found with complete obstruction at
Rabies cases increase in the Philippines
Authors: C. Wallerstein
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The number of cases of rabies in the Philippines—which currently ranks fourth worldwide in incidence of the disease—is increasing, despite government promises to rid the country of the problem by 2020. In 1998, 362 Filipinos died of rabies, compared with 321 in 1997 and 337 in 1996. About 10000 dogs are believed to be infected with the disease each year.

The underlying problem is that public awareness of the disease remains poor and that dog owners are not taking up the offer of subsidised rabies …
Usefulness of FDG‐PET to diagnose intravascular lymphomatosis presenting as fever of unknown origin
Authors: A. Hoshino, E. Kawada, T. Ukita, K. Itoh, H. Sakamoto, K. Fujita, N. Mantani, T. Kogure, J. Tamura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) is a rare systemic disease characterized by proliferation of lymphoid cells within the lumina of small arteries, veins, and capillaries. Diagnosis requires skin, liver, lung, bone marrow, renal, meningeal, or brain vessel biopsy but is often made only when the illness has progressed or post mortem because early involvement of organs was not evident. We report a case of IVL presenting as fever of unknown origin (FUO). In this case, gallium scintigraphy and computed tomography (CT) showed no evidence of malignancy, whereas 18 F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) showed increased FDG uptake in the sternum, left and right vertebra, humerus, femur, and especially ilium. The diagnosis was made on iliac bone marrow biopsy examination. FDG‐PET was useful for the detection of spread of disease in a patient with IVL suffering from FUO. Am. J. Hematol. 76:236–239, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) and pure pancreatic juice cytology in patients with pancreatic disease.
Authors: A R Hatfield, A Smithies, R Wilkins, A J Levi
Journal: Gut (1976)

Pure pancreatic juice has been collected from 61 patients at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) for the purpose of cytodiagnosis. The ERCP and cytological findings are discussed. Pure pancreatic juice cytology may help in the interpretation of the pancreatogram in both pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. In patients with pancreatic carcinoma, ERCP alone was diagnostic in 65%, cytology alone in 54%. By combining these two approaches, a diagnostic result was obtained in 92% of patients.
Contribution of Tonic Chemoreflex Activation to Sympathetic Activity and Blood Pressure in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Philippe J. H. van de Borne, Nicola Montano, Mark E. Dyken, Bradley G. Phillips, Virend K. Somers
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is increased in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We tested the hypothesis that tonic activation of excitatory chemoreceptor afferents contributes to the elevated sympathetic activity in OSA. Methods and Results —Using a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled design, we examined the effects of chemoreflex deactivation (by comparing effects of breathing 100% oxygen for 15 minutes with effects of breathing room air for 15 minutes) on MSNA, heart rate, blood pressure, and minute ventilation in 14 untreated patients with OSA and in 12 normal subjects matched for age and body mass index. All control subjects underwent overnight polysomnography to exclude the existence of occult OSA. Baseline MSNA was markedly elevated in the patients with OSA compared with the control subjects (44±4 versus 30±3 bursts per minute; P =.01). In both control subjects and patients with OSA, heart rate decreased during administration of 100% oxygen but did not change during administration of room air. By contrast, both MSNA ( P =.008) and mean arterial pressure ( P =.02) were significantly reduced during chemoreflex deactivation by 100% oxygen only in patients with OSA but not in control subjects. Conclusions —Tonic activation of excitatory chemoreflex afferents may contribute to increased efferent sympathetic activity to muscle circulation in patients with OSA.
In-Hospital Cost of Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Stephen G. Ellis, Dave P. Miller, Kimberly J. Brown, Nowa Omoigui, Georgiana L. Howell, Michael Kutner, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Hospital charges associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization (PTCR) in the United States exceeded $6 billion in 1994 and are likely to be constrained in some manner in the near future. Despite this high cost to the public, little is known about the major determinants and sources of variability of PTCR. Methods and Results From a consecutive series of 1258 procedures with attempted PTCR at a single tertiary referral center, we analyzed 65 clinical, angiographic, physician, and outcome variables as potential correlates of total (hospital and physician) cost. Direct and indirect costs, both hospital and physician, were determined on the basis of resource utilization using “top-down” methodology and were available for 1237 procedures (1086 patients) (98.3%). Mean (±SD) patient age was 62±11 years, 76% were male, 3% had acute myocardial infarction, 71% had unstable angina, 58% had multivessel disease, left ventricular ejection fraction was 54±12%, 26% had use of at least one nonballoon revascularization device, and median length of stay was 4.4 days. Procedural success was obtained in 89%, and major complications (death, bypass surgery, or Q-wave myocardial infarction) occurred in 3.8%. The median cost was $9176, but it was asymmetrically distributed, and the interquartile and total ranges were wide ($7333 to $13 845 and $3422 to $193 474, respectively). Analyses of independent correlates of cost and log e (cost) were performed using multivariate linear regression in training and test populations. Modeling found 15 independent preprocedural correlates of log e (cost) ( R 2 =.37) and 23 overall correlates ( R 2 =.65), excluding length of stay per se. Addition of length of stay to the model increased the explanatory power of the model to R 2 =.82. Preprocedural variables most predictive of log e (cost) included presentation with acute myocardial infarction, decision delay (&gt;48 hours between admission and diagnostic angiography and/or &gt;24 hours between angiography and intervention), weekend delay, use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, intention to stent, creatinine ≥2.0 mg%, and lesion complexity (modified American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association score) (all P &lt;.001). In the model that included postprocedural variables as well, length of stay, noncardiac death, urgent bypass surgery, use of the Rotablator, Q-wave myocardial infarction, rise in creatinine ≥1.0%, and blood product transfusion were all strong independent correlates of log e (cost) ( P &lt;.001). Conclusions The range of total hospital costs associated with percutaneous intervention is extraordinarily wide. Baseline patient characteristics account for nearly half of the explained variance, but procedural complications and system delays account for much of the remainder. Quantification of the determinants of cost may promote more economically efficient care in the future.
Hormonal control of ketogenesis. Rapid activation of hepatic ketogenic capacity in fed rats by anti-insulin serum and glucagon.
Authors: J McGarry, P H Wright, D W Foster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The enhanced capacity for long-chain fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis that develops in the rat liver between 6 and 9 h after the onset of starvation was shown to be inducible much more rapidly by administration of anti-insulin serum or glucagon to fed rats. After only 1 h of treatment with either agent, the liver had clearly switched from a "nonketogenic" to a "ketogenic" profile, as determined by rates of acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate production on perfusion with oleic acid. As was the case after starvation, the administration of insulin antibodies or glucagon resulted in depletion of hepatic glycogen stores and a proportional increase in the ability of the liver to oxidize long-chain fatty acids and (-)-octanoylcarnitine, suggesting that all three treatment schedules activated the carnitine acyltransferase system of enzymes. In contrast to anti-insulin serum, which produced marked elevations in plasma glucose, free fatty acid, and ketone body concentrations, glucagon treatment had little effect on any of these parameters, presumably due to enhanced insulin secretion after the initial stimulation of glycogenolysis. Thus, after treatment with glucagon alone, it was possible to obtain a "ketogenic" liver from a nonketotic animal. The results are consistent with the possibility that the activity of carnitine acyltransferase, and thus ketogenic capacity, is subject to bihormonal control through the relative blood concentrations of insulin and glucagon, as also appears to be the case with hepatic carbohydrate metabolism.
High density sickle cell erythrocyte core membrane skeletons demonstrate slow temperature dependent dissociation
Authors: Archil Shartava, Paul Miranda, Kenya N. Williams, Arvind Shah, Carlos A. Monteiro, Steven R. Goodman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

We have previously demonstrated that slow dissociation of HDSS membrane skeletons in high ionic strength Triton X-100 buffer was related to a posttranslational modification in beta-actin, in which a disulfide bridge was formed between cysteine 284 and cysteine 373[Shartava et al: J Cell Bio 128:805, 1995]. These previous dissociation assays were limited to two homozygous (SS) sickle cell patients and a single temperature (37 degrees C). In the current work, we have expanded the SS subjects to 9 and have carried out dissociation assays at 0, 24, 30, 34, and 37 degrees C. At 0 degrees C there was limited dissociation of spectrin and actin from normal(AA), low density sickle cell(LDSS), and high density sickle cell (HDSS) core skeleton up to 24 hr. The first order rate constants for dissociation of spectrin, at 0 degrees C, was 0.030-0.035 x 10-4 sec-1 for AA,LDSS, and HDSS core skeletons. However at 24, 30, 34, and 37 degrees C the rate of dissociation of spectrin from HDSS core skeletons was significantly slower than the rate of dissociation from AA core skeletons. Having determined the first order rate constants for spectrin dissociation at these specified temperatures, we then asked whether dithiothreitol (DTT) would hasten the dissociation of core skeletons. The presence of DTT caused the rate of dissociation of the HDSS membrane skeleton to become statistically indistinguishable from the rate of dissociation of AA membrane skeletons. This is consistent with the suggestion that reversible thiol oxidation is responsible for the slow dissociation of the HDSS membrane skeleton.
107 LIVER RESECTION AND RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION IN THE TREATMENT OF SINGLE SMALL (≤3 CM) HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC): LONG TERM EFFECTIVENESS IN A MULTICENTER SERIES
Authors: M. Pompili, A. Saviano, N. de Matthaeis, F. Giuliante, F. Ardito, B. Federico, L. Aldrighetti, F. Brunello, F. Calise, L. Capussotti, E. Caturelli, I. De Sio, F. Fornari, A. Giorgio, S.M. Giulini, A. Guglielmi, A.D. Pinna, F. Piscaglia, G. Torzilli, G.L. Rapaccini, G. Nuzzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Calcification of the Interventricular Septum
Authors: Thomas M. Kazamias
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Myocardial calcification involving the interventricular septum was demonstrated in a 49-year-old man by roentgenography and cineangiography. Such a condition is relatively uncommon; it is, however, important that a correct diagnosis be made in order to differentiate this from calcifications seen in pericarditis, a condition which is potentially amenable to therapy.
Codeine induces human mast cell chemokine and cytokine production: involvement of G‐protein activation
Authors: C. H. Sheen, R. P. Schleimer, M. Kulka
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Activation of mast cells and the systemic release of histamine are common side effects of opiates such as codeine and morphine. In some individuals, codeine not only elicits a sizable early response due to mast cell degranulation, but can also lead to late cutaneous allergic inflammation possibly through the production of chemokines. However, individuals who exhibit a late phase reaction to codeine often do not react to its synthetic analog, meperidine. The goal of this study was to test whether codeine and meperidine induce secretion of inflammatory mediators in human mast cells. Methods: To characterize opiate activation of human mast cells, we stimulated cultured human (LAD2 cell line and CD34 + ‐derived) mast cells with codeine and meperidine and measured degranulation and chemokine production. Results: Codeine, but not meperidine, activated human mast cell degranulation within 30 min in a dose‐dependent manner. Degranulation was blocked by the phosphoinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin, and pertussis toxin but not by Ro‐31‐8220, a PKC inhibitor or forskolin, a cyclic adenylyl cyclase activator. After 3 and 8 h of stimulation, codeine, but not meperidine, activated human mast cells to release monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (CCL2), regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES, CCL5) and interleukin‐8 (CXCL 8) but not inducible protein‐10 (CXCL10). Conclusions: Codeine activates human mast cell degranulation and chemokine production by activating protein kinase A and PI3 kinase, possibly leading to NF‐ κ B activation. Therefore, opiates may regulate late phase allergic inflammation by activating chemokine production by human mast cells.
Single nucleotide variation in the TP53 3′ untranslated region in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab-CHOP: a report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program
Authors: Yong Li, Michael W. Gordon, Zijun Y. Xu-Monette, Carlo Visco, Alexander Tzankov, Dehui Zou, Lugui Qiu, Santiago Montes-Moreno, Karen Dybkaer, Attilio Orazi, Youli Zu, Govind Bhagat, Kristy L. Richards, Eric D. Hsi, William W. L. Choi, J. Han van Krieken, Qin Huang, Weiyun Ai, Maurilio Ponzoni, Andrés J. M. Ferreri, Jane N. Winter, Ronald S. Go, Miguel A. Piris, Michael B. Møller, Lin Wu, Michael Wang, Kenneth S. Ramos, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Ken H. Young
Journal: Blood (2013)