tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Goodpasture Syndrome With Recovery After Renal Failure
Authors: Barry S. Strauch
Journal: JAMA (1974)

GOODPASTURE syndrome is usually characterized by fulminant glomerulonephritis and hemorrhagic pneumonitis. It is often fatal within a few months. Recovery of function in advanced renal failure is considered to be so unlikely that bilateral nephrectomy has been used in an attempt to ameliorate life-threatening pulmonary hemorrhage.<sup>1</sup>Although several patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency have shown stabilization or improvement, only one patient has recovered function after the onset of renal failure and that patient apparently had at least some degree of acute tubular necrosis.<sup>2</sup> We describe a similar patient in whom pulmonary hemorrhage subsided and renal function improved over a long period of follow-up without bilateral nephrectomy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old man was hospitalized after several weeks of increasing dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. In the first week, he had extensive bilateral lung infiltrates and hemoptysis. He was given 6 units of blood to maintain
Major Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Apixaban or Warfarin
Authors: Elaine M. Hylek, Claes Held, John H. Alexander, Renato D. Lopes, Raffaele De Caterina, Daniel M. Wojdyla, Kurt Huber, Petr Jansky, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Michael Hanna, Laine Thomas, Lars Wallentin, Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: RUTH FOX
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Treatment of the alcoholic, to be successful, must be multidisciplinary. The use of psychotherapy or counseling, disulfiram (Antabuse), Alcoholics Anonymous, group therapy, psychodrama, occasionally LSD, sometimes hypnosis, and treatment of the families concurrently will enhance the results. In many cases the clergy may also be helpful. For the social isolation of the alcoholic, and often for his employment difficulties, it will be necessary to use the many ancillary resources of the community.
Bone Scan Findings in Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia
Authors: LORENZ T. H. RAMSEYER, JOE C. LEONARD, TERESA M. STACY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is a rare genetic bone disorder characterized by undertubulation of the long bones, especially in the lower extremities, and sclerosis of the skull base. Differentiation from other sclerosing bone dysplasias, including metaphyseal dysplasia (Pyle's disease), craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, and diaphyseal dysplasia is based largely on characteristic radio-graphic findings. Radionuclide bone scans usually are not necessary for diagnosis, but are helpful in demonstrating the abnormal bone metabolism. The authors report the first whole-body bone images in a patient with craniometaphyseal dysplasia, demonstrating the abnormal bone activity over time.
DOES EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION PREVENT NEUROLOGIC SEQUELAE OF ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS?
Authors: I. B. Wexler
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In our very first papers on the treatment of erythroblastosis by exchange transfusion, it was pointed out that the purpose of the procedure is to remove red cells coated with univalent Rh antibodies and to replace them by inagglutinable type Rh red blood cells. The validity of this rationale was established by the significant reduction in the immediate mortality rate for the disease following treatment by exchange transfusion. In addition, it was soon observed that the babies who survived developed normally both physically and mentally. In erythroblastotic babies who survive, the most dreaded complication is mental retardation and other evidences of brain damage resulting from the disease. The incidence of neurologic sequelae following erythroblastosis has been reported in the literature as ranging from 10 to 30 per cent. Among our ownpatients treated by exchange transfusion, 23 have now survived more than eighteen months and up to
Should we use regulation to demand improved public health outcomes from industry? No
Authors: S. Pramming
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Preventable chronic diseases are a major threat to health worldwide. <b>Stephen Sugarman</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.a1750) argues that setting targets for companies will produce innovative solutions, but <b>Stig Pramming</b> believes collaboration is the best way to improve health
Racial Differences in Cardiac Procedure Use
Authors: Robert S. Zucker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Peterson and colleagues<sup>1</sup>report that significant differences in the utilization of invasive cardiac procedures between white and black patients treated in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals persist while controlling for confounding variables. In response to this study, Jesse Brown, secretary of the VA, stated his concern about possible "racial bias in the delivery of care at VA hospitals."<sup>2</sup>However, since several important potential confounders could not be included in their regression models because of limitations of the database, the implication that racial biases influence the decision-making process in the VA is unwarranted. Their list of patient characteristics does not include a variable for smoking status, any indicator of socioeconomic status (SES) such as income or education, or any specific indicators of comorbidities such as pulmonary disease. Differences in the pattern of any of these characteristics between white and black patients within the
Competitive inhibition of bile acid synthesis by endogenous cholestanol and sitosterol in sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis. Effect on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase.
Authors: S Shefer, G Salen, L Nguyen, A K Batta, V Packin, G S Tint, S Hauser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The 7 alpha-hydroxylation of two cholesterol analogues, sitosterol and cholestanol, and their effect on the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol were measured in rat and human hepatic microsomes. In untreated rat liver microsomes, the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol was higher than that of cholestanol (1.4-fold) and sitosterol (30-fold). After removal of endogenous sterols from the microsomes by acetone treatment, the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol was similar to that of cholestanol and only fourfold higher than that of sitosterol. Cholestanol and sitosterol competitively inhibited cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in both rat and human liver microsomes, with cholestanol the more potent inhibitor. Patients with sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis, who have elevated microsomal cholestanol and sitosterol, showed reduced cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity relative to the activity in control subjects (13.9 and 14.7 vs. 20.3 +/- 0.9 pmol/nmol P-450 per min, P less than 0.01). Enzyme activity in these patients was 40% higher when measured in microsomes from which competing sterols had been removed. Ileal bypass surgery in one sitosterolemic patient decreased plasma cholestanol and sitosterol concentrations and resulted in a 30% increase in hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase appears to have a specific apolar binding site for the side chain of cholesterol and is affected by the presence of cholestanol and sitosterol in the microsomal substrate pool. Reduced bile acid synthesis in sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis may be related to the inhibition of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity by endogenous cholesterol analogues.
Hypersensitivity to <i>Parietaria officinalis</i> pollen in newcomers to the area with the plant
Authors: S. Cvitanović, M. MaruŠić, M. JuriČić, E. Vrdoljak, M. Petrovečki, A. Rozga, A. Stavljenić‐Rukavina
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Hypersensitivity to Parietaria officinalis (wall pellitory) pollen and other environmental allergens was studied in pollinosis patients allergic to P. officinalis pollen who were born in areas without P. officinalis and later moved to the city of Split, where P. officinalis is responsible for some 65% of pollinosis cases. Highly significant positive correlations were found for both the intensity of skin test reaction and concentration of specific serum IgE with the length of residence in the area. In contrast, the respective data on subjects hypersensitive to P. officinalis pollen allergen, but born and living in the area of Split, revealed a tendency to negative correlation between age and intensity of hypersensitivity to P. officinalis. A number of patients from both groups were tested for presence of serum IgE antibodies specific for 14 common environmental allergens. Hypersensitivity to P. officinalis pollen was associated with hypersensitivity to olive, mugwort, and birch pollen in newcomers; hypersensitivity to birch and, to some extent, olive pollen was significantly more frequent in newcomers than in autochthonous patients who were allergic to P. officinalis pollen. Regardless of whether the patients were autochthons or newcomers to the area with P. officinalis, hypersensitivity to P. officinalis mostly excluded hypersensitivity to Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, and vice versa.
Genetic Boundaries of the Schizophrenia Spectrum: Evidence From the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia
Authors: Pekka Tienari, Lyman C. Wynne, Kristian Läksy, Juha Moring, Pentti Nieminen, Anneli Sorri, Ilpo Lahti, Karl-Erik Wahlberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Identification of the genetically related disorders in the putative schizophrenia spectrum is an unresolved problem. Data from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia, which was designed to disentangle genetic and environmental factors influencing risk for schizophrenia, were used to examine clinical phenotypes of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adopted-away offspring of mothers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Subjects were 190 adoptees at broadly defined genetic high risk who had biological mothers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including a subgroup of 137 adoptees at narrowly defined high risk whose mothers had DSM-III-R schizophrenia. These high-risk groups, followed to a median age of 44 years, were compared diagnostically with 192 low-risk adoptees whose biological mothers had either a non-schizophrenia-spectrum diagnosis or no lifetime psychiatric diagnosis.In adoptees whose mothers had schizophrenia, the mean lifetime, age-corrected morbid risk for narrowly defined schizophrenia was 5.34% (SE=1.97%), compared to 1.74% (SE=1.00%) for low-risk adoptees, a marginally nonsignificant difference. In adoptees whose mothers had schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the mean age-corrected morbid risk for a schizophrenia spectrum disorder was 22.46% (SE=3.56%), compared with 4.36% (SE=1.51%) for low-risk adoptees, a significant difference. Within the comprehensive array of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, schizotypal personality disorder was found significantly more often in high-risk than in low-risk adoptees. The frequency of the group of nonschizophrenic nonaffective psychoses collectively differentiated high-risk and low-risk adoptees, but the frequencies of the separate disorders within this category did not. The two groups were not differentiated by the prevalence of paranoid personality disorder and of affective disorders with psychotic features.In adopted-away offspring of mothers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the genetic liability for schizophrenia-related illness (with the rearing contributions of the biological mothers disentangled) is broadly dispersed. Genetically oriented studies of schizophrenia-related disorders and studies of genotype-environment interaction should consider not only narrowly defined, typical schizophrenia but also schizotypal and schizoid personality disorders and nonschizophrenic nonaffective psychoses.
Association between the Thr431asn Polymorphism of the Rock2 Gene and Breast Cancer.
Authors: M. Kalender, S. Demiryürek, S. Oztuzcu, A. Kizilyer, A. Demiryürek, A. Sevinc, M. Dikilitas, R. Yildiz, C. Camci
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the genotype distributions and allele frequencies for Threonine431Asparagine (Thr431Asn) and Arginine83Lysine (Arg83Lys) polymorphisms of the Rho kinase2 (ROCK2) gene among the breast cancer patients.Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 223 patients with breast cancer were recruited and divided into two groups according to metastases (n=128) and without metastases (n=95). Genomic DNA from the patients and the control cases (n=150) was analyzed by real-time PCR using a Light-Cycler.Results: Neither genotype distributions nor the allele frequencies for the Arg83Lys polymorphism showed a significant difference between the groups. Although no marked changes was observed with no metastasis group, a statistically significant association was found between the control and metastatic group for the Thr431Asn polymorphism of the ROCK2 gene. Further analysis revealed that there were marked associations of this polymorphism with bone, liver, and lung metastases. Homozygous carriers of the Thr431Thr genotype were more frequent among the metastatic patients (39.8%) than among controls (26.0%; P =0.0485). There was also an increase in Thr431 allele (60.5% in patients vs 51.7% in controls) and decrease in Asn431 allele frequencies (48.3% in control vs 39.5% in patients) in metastatic groups (P =0.0356). Progesterone and estrogen receptor negativity was more frequent among metastatic patients carrying a Thr431 allele when compared to the nonmetastatic group.Discussion: Our resulsts are the first to demonstrate that Thr431Asn polymorphism of the ROCK2 gene could be a risk factor for the metastases of the breast cancer, and may help in predicting the prognosis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3038.
UNUSUAL FORMS OF PAIN IN THE AREA OF THE FIFTH NERVE
Authors: HARRY L. PARKER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Aches, pains and unpleasant sensations are common enough in the structures supplied by the fifth cranial nerve. No manifest cause can be discovered for the complaints of a certain group of patients, even when the painful area has been examined by the best methods known to modern science. The area lies in the domain studied by the ophthalmologist, otorhinologist, stomatologist and other allied scientists. The patient is frequently referred to the neurologist for a final opinion when neither investigation nor treatment has succeeded in satisfactorily explaining the cause of the pain. Often the condition may be diagnosed "neuralgia" or "neurosis," and the neurologist must explain the situation and treat the patient, a complex problem and worthy of a free discussion, for many such cases are extraordinarily difficult to interpret, and the classification in use is vague and obscure, and not based on accurate scientific foundation. It is my intention here
Characterization of the natural killer cell activity in Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases
Authors: B. K. PEDERSEN, U. FELDT‐RASMUSSEN, K. BECH, H. PERRILD, K. KLARLUND, M. HØIER‐MADSEN
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Natural killer (NK) cell activity and blood mononuclear cell subpopulations were characterized in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis ( n = 11), Graves' disease ( n = 20), non‐toxic goitre ( n = 10) and in normal controls ( n = 22). NK cell activity against K 562 target cells and the capability of IFN‐α, Il‐2, and indomethacin to enhance NK cell activity in vitro did not differ significantly between the groups. The percentages of large granular lymphocytes, CD5 +, CD4 +, CD8 + and CD16 + cells were normal in patients with non‐toxic goitre, Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases. There was no correlation between NK cell activities and TgAb, MAb and TSAb. Although NK cell activity is suppressed in several autoimmune diseases, NK cell function is normal in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders.
AN EPIDEMIC PAPULO-PUSTULAR ERUPTION OF OCCUPATIONAL ORIGIN OCCURRING IN COAL-MINERS
Authors: G. B. DOWLING, R. T. BRAIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1934)

Journal Article AN EPIDEMIC PAPULO‐PUSTULAR ERUPTION OF OCCUPATIONAL ORIGIN OCCURRING IN COAL‐MINERS Get access G. B. DOWLING, M.D., F.R.C.P., G. B. DOWLING, M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician, Skin Department, St. Thomas's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. T. BRAIN, M.D., M.R.C.P. R. T. BRAIN, M.D., M.R.C.P. Assistant Physician, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 46, Issue 5, 1 May 1934, Pages 215–221, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1934.tb10210.x Published: 01 May 1934
The last appraisal
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2008)

When I’m lecturing I often use the phrase “my wife, who is a GP.” The all important comma after “wife” doesn’t always come across clearly, so grammatically aware audiences are left with the impression that I have another wife who is not a GP. Or a harem of spouses in various specialties.

This name dropping is of course a pathetic attempt to increase my credibility. It says yes, I may be an academic in an ivory tower …
A Clinical Study of Intestinal Bilharziasis (Schistosoma mansoni) in Africa
Authors: K. J. Ho
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Since T. Bilharz discovered<i>Schistosoma</i>worms in the portal veins of a young Egyptian cadaver in 1851, bilharziasis has seemed, instead of being under control, to extend its influence and increase its severity. This is true especially in the recent several decades, apparently correlating with the extension of the irrigating system in Africa. The author, Dr. Gelfand, having exceptional experience of this disease in Africa, summarized the best knowledge of the intestinal bilharziasis in his book, which is one of the very few textbooks or monographs on this subject in the English language. Dr. Gelfand introduces the subject of intestinal bilharziasis (<i>S mansoni</i>) in a sound order: after giving the interesting historical background of the disease, he discusses geographical distribution and life cycle of the parasite, including details of the snail hosts (<i>Biomphalaria</i>species) and animal reservoir. The major portion of the book concerns clinical aspect of the disease, including
Screening and cervical cancer cure: population based cohort study
Authors: B. Andrae, T. M.-L. Andersson, P. C. Lambert, L. Kemetli, L. Silfverdal, B. Strander, W. Ryd, J. Dillner, S. Tornberg, P. Sparen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether detection of invasive cervical cancer by screening results in better prognosis or merely increases the lead time until death. <b>Design</b> Nationwide population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Sweden. <b>Participants</b> All 1230 women with cervical cancer diagnosed during 1999-2001 in Sweden prospectively followed up for an average of 8.5 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Cure proportions and five year relative survival ratios, stratified by screening history, mode of detection, age, histopathological type, and FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage. <b>Results</b> In the screening ages, the cure proportion for women with screen detected invasive cancer was 92% (95% confidence interval 75% to 98%) and for symptomatic women was 66% (62% to 70%), a statistically significant difference in cure of 26% (16% to 36%). Among symptomatic women, the cure proportion was significantly higher for those who had been screened according to recommendations (interval cancers) than among those overdue for screening: difference in cure 14% (95% confidence interval 6% to 23%). Cure proportions were similar for all histopathological types except small cell carcinomas and were closely related to FIGO stage. A significantly higher cure proportion for screen detected cancers remained after adjustment for stage at diagnosis (difference 15%, 7% to 22%). <b>Conclusions</b> Screening is associated with improved cure of cervical cancer. Confounding cannot be ruled out, but the effect was not attributable to lead time bias and was larger than what is reflected by down-staging. Evaluations of screening programmes should consider the assessment of cure proportions.
Plasma des-γ-carboxyprothrombin in the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun-Lung Tsai, Guan-Tarn Huang, Pei-Ming Yang, Jin-Chuan Sheu, Juei-Low Sung, Ding-Shinn Chen
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

To evaluate the role of plasma des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, we simultaneously studied both des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin activities by staphylocoagulase method and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin antigen levels by enzyme immunoassay in 39 patients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (tumor size less than 3 cm in 21 patients, 3 to 5 cm in 18 patients); 68 patients had large hepatocellular carcinoma and 54 patients had chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin levels by staphylocoagulase method (X) and enzyme immunoassay method (Y) on the same plasma specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma patients showed a linear correlation (Y = 0.15X - 10.5, r = 0.533, n = 67, p less than 0.001). Elevated des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin activities were present in 10 of 21 patients (47.6%) with hepatocellular carcinoma less than 3 cm, 66.7% of 18 with hepatocellular carcinoma 3 to 5 cm, 67.6% of 68 with hepatocellular carcinomas greater than 5 cm and 27.8% of 54 with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. The plasma des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin levels did not correlate with the tumor size or serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Plasma des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin and serum alpha-fetoprotein measurements were comparable in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma because 22 (56.4%) and 21 (53.8%) of 39 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma less than 5 cm had increased des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin and alpha-fetoprotein levels, respectively. Up to 77% had an abnormal elevation in either marker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Still Consider the Source
Authors: Amr H. Sawalha, Sanjay Saint, Robert W. Ike, Michael S. Bronze
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 50-year-old man presented to the clinic with fever, chills, and generalized weakness that he had had for three weeks. He also noticed pain and swelling in his right hand and left elbow, a weight loss of about 4.5 kg, and occasional upper abdominal pressure. He had no nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, or dysuria.
Regulation of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activity and gene expression in cultured rat pulmonary endothelial cells.
Authors: G P Dupont, T P Huecksteadt, B C Marshall, U S Ryan, J R Michael, J R Hoidal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The central importance of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) in the pathobiochemistry of a number of clinical disorders underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of their expression. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of cytokines on XDH/XO activity and gene expression in pulmonary endothelial cells. The results indicate that IFN-gamma is a potent inducer of XDH/XO activity in rat lung endothelial cells derived from both the microvasculature (LMVC) and the pulmonary artery. In contrast, interferon-alpha/beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 or -6, lipopolysaccharide and phorbol myristate acetate have no demonstrable effect. The increase in XDH/XO activity requires new protein synthesis. By Northern analysis, IFN-gamma markedly increases the level of the 5.0-kb XDH/XO mRNA in LMVC. The increase is due, in part, to increased transcription rate of the XDH/XO gene. Transcriptional activation does not require new protein synthesis. The physiologic relevance of these observations was evaluated by administering IFN-gamma to rats. Intraperitoneal administration leads to an increased XDH/XO activity and XDH/XO mRNA level in rat lungs. In sum, IFN-gamma is a potent and biologically relevant inducer of XDH/XO expression; the major site of upregulation occurs at the transcriptional level.