tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity during dynamic exercise. Insight from intraneural recordings in humans.
Authors: R G Victor, D R Seals, A L Mark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We used microelectrode recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve in the leg during arm exercise in conscious humans to test the concept that central command and muscle afferent reflexes produce mass sympathetic discharge at the onset of exercise. Nonischemic rhythmic handgrip and mild arm cycling produced graded increases in heart rate and arterial pressure but did not increase MSNA, whereas ischemic handgrip and moderate arm cycling dramatically increased MSNA. There was a slow onset and offset of the MSNA responses, which suggested metaboreceptor mediation. When forearm ischemia was continued after ischemic handgrip, MSNA remained elevated (muscle chemoreflex stimulation) but heart rate returned to control (elimination of central command). The major new conclusions are that: the onset of dynamic exercise does not produce mass, uniform sympathetic discharge in humans, and muscle chemoreflexes and central command appear to produce differential effects on sympathetic and parasympathetic responses.
NBT Reduction by Human Phagocytes
Authors: David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

When granulocytes (or monocytes) ingest particles, an important bactericidal mechanism is unleashed in the phagocytic vacuole. Under the aegis of a cyanide insensitive oxidase1 electrons flow from pyridine nucleotides and reduce oxygen to form Superoxide2 and hydrogen peroxide. These labile compounds are bactericidal, the latter being particularly active when it is accompanied by myeloperoxidase and halide ions.3 When yellow oxidized nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) is added to a suspension of ingesting phagocytes, the soluble dye enters the phagocytic vacuoles with the ingested particles. There, the dye substitutes for oxygen in the oxidase reaction or is reduced by Superoxide, a product of . . .
Facial Color and Syncope
Authors: J. F. Aita
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  In the recent article by Kapoor et al (1982;247:2687) that dealt with syncope, the authors correctly addressed the problems of evaluating the conditions of these patients. Mechanical activation procedures, eg, carotid sinus massage or compression, should not be used, since this may produce syncope that differs from the spontaneous spells. 1 In our studies of patients with syncope, we have found that a thorough history, which includes interviewing witnesses with questions about the color of the patient's face at the time of loss of consciousness, is invaluable. 2,3 To date, we have studied 42 patients whose loss of consciousness was characterized by a pale, white, or ashen face; hence, the paleface syndrome of loss of consciousness. This pale facial appearance is a peripheral manifestation of decreased blood flow to the face and head. Most episodes of the paleface syndrome occur during exertion in an upright position and can often
Rectal Carcinoid Metastatic to the Skeleton
Authors: PAUL R. JOLLES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Compared to other primary neoplasms, bone metastases from carcinoid tumor are rare. Because some lesions may be clinically or radiographically occult, the radionuclide bone scan can be very helpful in delineating the extent of disease. The authors report a case of a patient with clinically occult widespread metastatic disease detected by bone scan, with radiographic correlation.
Study may not be the best approach to assessing link between QOF and premature death
Authors: K. E. Honeyford, L. S. Levene, R. Baker
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Vaccinations are considered the major tool to curb the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine has demonstrated a 95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19 disease. These results are now corroborated with statistical analyses of real-world vaccination rollouts, but resolving vaccine effectiveness across demographic groups and its interaction with comorbidities is challenging. Here, applying a multivariable logistic regression analysis approach to a large patient-level dataset, including SARS-CoV-2 tests, vaccine inoculations and personalized demographics, we model vaccine effectiveness at daily resolution and its interaction with sex, age and comorbidities. Vaccine effectiveness gradually increased post day 12 of inoculation, then plateaued, around 35 days, reaching 95.0% [CI 93.4%-96.3%] for all infections and 99.5% [CI 97.0%-99.9%] for symptomatic infections. While effectiveness was on average uniform for men and women, it declined mildly but significantly with age especially for males. Effectiveness further declined for people with type 2 diabetes, COPD, and immunosuppression, as well as cardiac disease in females. Quantifying real-world vaccine effectiveness, including both biological and behavioral effects, our analysis provides initial measurement of vaccine effectiveness across demographic groups.
Twenty-Five-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial Comparing Radical Mastectomy, Total Mastectomy, and Total Mastectomy Followed by Irradiation
Authors: Bernard Fisher, Jong-Hyeon Jeong, Stewart Anderson, John Bryant, Edwin R. Fisher, Norman Wolmark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In women with breast cancer, the role of radical mastectomy, as compared with less extensive surgery, has been a matter of debate. We report 25-year findings of a randomized trial initiated in 1971 to determine whether less extensive surgery with or without radiation therapy was as effective as the Halsted radical mastectomy.
A novel hierarchical prognostic model of AML solely based on molecular mutations
Authors: Vera Grossmann, Susanne Schnittger, Alexander Kohlmann, Christiane Eder, Andreas Roller, Frank Dicker, Christoph Schmid, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Peter Staib, Hubert Serve, Karl-Anton Kreuzer, Wolfgang Kern, Torsten Haferlach, Claudia Haferlach
Journal: Blood (2012)
Electrophysiological Properties of the Rabbit Sinoatrial Perinodal Fibers
Authors: Harold C. Strauss, J. Thomas Bigger
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

In the rabbit, the sinus node is surrounded by a group of cells which we have termed perinodal fibers. Since sinus node impulses preferentially proceed to the crista terminalis and then spread to the rest of the atrium, we selected the zone of perinodal fibers lying between the sinus node and the crista terminalis for study. Values of transmembrane potentials and the maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of phase 0 in these perinodal fibers were intermediate between those in sinus node and crista terminalis fibers. Values of phase-0 amplitude and Vmax obtained from perinodal fibers near the crista terminalis were greater than those values from perinodal fibers near the sinus node. Membrane responsiveness was determined using premature stimulation or potassiuminduced depolarization. In perinodal fibers, recovery of phase-0 Vmax of premature responses to peak value showed a strong time dependence outlasting full repolarization and extending throughout diastole. The increasing values of Vmax during diastole occurred despite spontaneous diastolic depolarization. When time was minimized as a variable, using potassium-induced depolarization, Vmax was also shown to be dependent on membrane activation voltage. In addition, recovery of phase-0 amplitude of premature responses to peak value was shown to be somewhat time dependent. The resistance of phase-0 amplitude and Vmax to the depolarizing effects of increased external potassium concentration was greater in perinodal fibers than it was in ordinary a trial fibers. We were able to show that premature responses capable of exciting the crista terminalis blocked in the zone of perinodal fibers.
WHEN NOT TO OPERATE FOR APPENDICITIS.
Authors: JAMES E. MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The profession has spent a number of years discussing when to operate in appendicitis and has arrived at a definite conclusion concerning most cases, but there still remains a class of cases in which there is a decided difference of opinion. In the past few years the extremists have been losing ground. It is some years now since I have met a medical man who claimed that medical treatment is the best for appendicitis and that operations should not be performed. On the other hand, I am not now personally familiar with the work of any surgeon who says that every case of appendicitis should be operated on no matter when the diagnosis is made, although several of my colleagues held that opinion a few years ago, and I was inclined to believe then that operation at all times and under all conditions should be the rule. At that time we had just learned that by operating on acute appendicitis early we could save nearly all cases.
Intensive Care Society's APACHE II study in Britain and Ireland--II: Outcome comparisons of intensive care units after adjustment for case mix by the American APACHE II method.
Authors: K M Rowan, J H Kerr, E Major, K McPherson, A Short, M P Vessey
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To compare outcome between intensive care units in Britain and Ireland both before and after adjustment for case mix with the American APACHE II method and to validate the American APACHE II method in Britain and Ireland. DESIGN--Prospective, cohort study of consecutive admissions to intensive care units. SETTING--26 general intensive care units in Britain and Ireland. SUBJECTS--8796 admissions to the study intensive care units. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Death or survival at discharge from intensive care unit and hospital. RESULTS--At discharge from both intensive care unit and hospital there was a greater than twofold variation in crude mortality between the 26 units. After adjustment for case mix, variations in mortality were still apparent. For four intensive care units the observed numbers of deaths were significantly different from the number predicted by the American APACHE II equation. The overall goodness of fit, or predictive ability, of the APACHE II equation for the British and Irish data was good, being only slightly inferior to that obtained when the equation was tested on the data from which it had been derived. When patients were grouped by various factors such as age and diagnosis, the equation did not adjust across the subgroups in a uniform manner. CONCLUSIONS--The American APACHE II equation did not fit the British and Irish data. Use of the American equation could be of advantage or disadvantage to individual intensive care units, depending on the mix of patients treated.
Influence of calcium or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation on the hepatic microsomal and in vivo metabolism of vitamin D3 in vitamin D-depleted rats.
Authors: P Haddad, M Gascon-Barré, G Brault, V Plourde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Hypocalcemic vitamin D (D)-depleted rats were supplemented with calcium or 1,25(OH)2D3, and the metabolism of D3 to 25(OH)D3 was studied. Infusion with 7 or 65 pmol 1,25(OH)2D3 X 24 h-1 led to normal or slight hypercalcemia associated with physiological and supraphysiological plasma concentrations of the hormone while calcium supplementation normalized plasma calcium despite 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations as low as those observed in hypocalcemic controls. Constant administrations of [14C]D3 during the supplementation regimens uncovered a stimulation of the in vivo 25(OH)D3 production by calcium supplementation; this was further confirmed in vitro by an increase in the hepatic microsomal D3-25 hydroxylase. The group supplemented with pharmacological doses of the hormone displayed lower circulating concentrations of both D3 and 25(OH)D3 while the in vitro 25(OH)D3 production remained unaffected by 1,25(OH)2D3. Investigation of the kinetics of intravenous 25(OH)[3H]D3 revealed similar elimination constants in all groups. The data indicate that calcium supplementation of hypocalcemic D-depleted rats results in an increased transformation of D3 into 25(OH)D3 while supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 does not affect the in vitro D3-25 hydroxylase but seems to influence the in vivo handling of the vitamin by accelerating its metabolism.
Effects of mitral valve surgery on static lung function and exercise performance.
Authors: K M Rhodes, K Evemy, S Nariman, G J Gibson
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Lung function at rest was assessed in 50 patients before and six months after mitral valve surgery. There were small increases in spirometric volumes (FEV1 and vital capacity) with decreases in total lung capacity and residual volume, but no change in carbon monoxide transfer factor or transfer coefficient (KCO). Progressive exercise tests performed before and after operation in 19 of the patients confirmed an improved exercise capacity after surgery. The patients with the greatest symptomatic improvement in breathlessness were also those who achieved the greatest increase in maximum work load and the greatest decrease in ventilation for a given oxygen consumption. Depression of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram and frequent ventricular ectopic beats on exercise remained common after surgery and may have been due to digoxin treatment.
Who Discovered Circulation of Blood?
Authors: John H. Felts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters21 May 2002Who Discovered Circulation of Blood?John H. Felts, MDJohn H. Felts, MDWake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1030 (Felts)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-10-200205210-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Misreading my communications (1, 2), Cheng (3) has confounded hypothesis and proof. While Hippocrates may have suggested circular blood flow, confirmation of this theory awaited Harvey's direct observations two millennia later. That work, extended by Lower (4) and completed when Malpighi defined the capillary system, seems to me to mark “the birth of modern circulatory physiology.” In his biography of Harvey, Keynes (5) considered earlier speculation about circulation in detail and suggested that “any claim that Hippocrates believed in a circulatory system should be taken with caution.”John H. Felts, MDWake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, ...References1. Felts JH. Richard Lower: anatomist and physiologist. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:420-3. [PMID: 10691601] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Felts JH. Richard Lower: anatomist and physiologist [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:485. [PMID: 10975977] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Cheng TO. Who discovered circulation of blood? [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:1008-9. [PMID: 11352704] LinkGoogle Scholar4. Lower R. Tractatus de Corde: Item de Motu & Colore Sanguinis. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall; 1958. Google Scholar5. Keynes G. The Life of William Harvey. Oxford: Oxford Univ Pr; 1966:166-75. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John H. Felts, MDAffiliations: Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1030 (Felts) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRichard Lower: Anatomist and Physiologist John H. Felts Richard Lower: Anatomist and Physiologist John H. Felts Who Discovered Circulation of Blood? Tsung O. Cheng Metrics 21 May 2002Volume 136, Issue 10Page: 779KeywordsBirthBloodBlood flowCapillaries ePublished: 21 May 2002 Issue Published: 21 May 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Formulation development of transdermal dosage forms: Quantitative structure-activity relationship model for predicting activities of terpenes that enhance drug penetration through human skin
Authors: L. Kang, C.W. Yap, P.F.C. Lim, Y.Z. Chen, P.C. Ho, Y.W. Chan, G.P. Wong, S.Y. Chan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Neurologic Manifestations of Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: JOSEPH JABAILY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Essential thrombocythemia is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder, characterized predominantly by a markedly elevated platelet count without known cause. We report a case that was recognized during investigation of a transient ischemic attack, and review the neurologic findings in 33 patients with unequivocal essential thrombocythemia under prospective study by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group. Twenty-one patients had neurologic manifestations at some point during their course, including headache (13 patients), paresthesiae (10), posterior cerebral circulatory ischemia (9), anterior cerebral circulatory ischemia (6), visual disturbances (6) and epileptic seizures (2). All patients with neurologic symptoms responded satisfactorily to treatment, although continuous or repeated treatment was often required. Therapeutic recommendations include plateletpheresis for major thrombo-hemorrhagic phenomena, or megakaryocyte suppression with radioactive phosphorus, alkylating agents (such as melphalan), or hydroxyurea; minor symptoms may respond to platelet antiaggregating agents.
Identification of genes involved in imatinib resistance in CML: a gene-expression profiling approach
Authors: R Villuendas, J L Steegmann, M Pollán, L Tracey, A Granda, E Fernández-Ruiz, L F Casado, J Martínez, P Martínez, L Lombardía, L Villalón, J Odriozola, M A Piris
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
THYMUS-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTES PRODUCE AN IMMUNOLOGICALLY SPECIFIC MACROPHAGEARMING FACTOR
Authors: R. Evans, C. K. Grant, Helen Cox, Kathleen Steele, P. Alexander
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Spleen cells from mice immunized with an allogeneic tumor when cultured with the specific tumor cells release into the supernatant a specific macrophage-arming factor(s) (SMAF) which binds nonspecifically to macrophages from both mice and rats and renders these cytotoxic to the specific tumor cells. SMAF also binds in an immunologically specific way to the target cells. SMAF-treated target cells grow normally in the absence of macrophages but are killed in the presence of normal macrophages. Thymus-derived cells are necessary for the production of SMAF since (a) after treatment with anti-theta serum immune spleen cells fail to release SMAF; (b) spleen cells from immunized T cell-deprived mice (thymectomized as adults followed by whole body irradiation and restored with bone marrow) fail to produce SMAF on stimulation with the specific target cells. While SMAF has the properties of a cytophilic antibody, it does not belong to one of the established classes of immunoglobulin since high activity is found after column separation in a fraction having a molecular weight between 50,000-60,000 daltons.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Consequences in Therapeutics
Authors: A. R. Colwell
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The proceedings of the international symposium held at Basel, Switzerland, in March 1971 offer practicing physicians a modern (albeit still primitive) approach to therapy based on pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The book is a scholarly collection of more than 80 papers in which 36 European (and six American) authors present results of their immunological, pathological, and clinical experiments, and evaluate many of the current developments in rheumatology research. The inflammatory process involves an immune complex of rheumatoid factor, globulins, and complement, apparently initiated by bacterial or viral agents. There is synovial capillary damage, lysosomal enzyme release from cellular disruption, accumulation of chemical mediators, cartilage dissolution, and bony destruction. Ultrastructural changes include loss of ground substance and disturbance in collagen fibers, perhaps due to certain enzymes. Immunological reactions involve proliferation of lymphocytes and plasma cells, synthesis of immunoglobulins (antibodies) by the synovial membrane and perhaps disturbance in cellular immunity. Much of
The Electrocardiographic Features of Acute Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: HOWARD S. FRIEDMAN, JOSEPH A. GOMES, ANTHONY R. TARDIO, JACOB I. HAFT
Journal: Circulation (1974)

To test the hypothesis that the electrocardiogram of cardiac rupture is due to acute cardiac tamponade, 27 episodes of cardiac tamponade were produced in ten open-chest dogs. During continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram and the arterial and venous pressures, 10-30 cc of autologous, heparinized blood, or one of several other solutions, were intermittently infused into the pericardial sac until no effective blood pressure was recorded. The characteristic electrocardiographic findings of acute cardiac tamponade were peaked P waves, decrease of QRS complex voltage, left axis deviation of the QRS complex, deep T wave inversions, and ST-segment change. With the appearance of electromechanical dissociation, there was a sudden, vagally-mediated bradycardia. Because these changes are similar to those observed at the time of cardiac rupture, it was concluded that the electrocardiographic manifestations of cardiac rupture could be attributed to acute cardiac tamponade.
Ultrasonic Echolucent Carotid Plaques Predict Future Strokes
Authors: Marie-Louise M. Grønholdt, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Torben V. Schroeder, Sissel Vorstrup, Henrik Sillesen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —We tested prospectively the hypothesis that stroke development can be predicted by echolucency of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in previously symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Methods and Results —We followed incidence of ipsilateral ischemic strokes for 4.4 years in 111 asymptomatic and 135 symptomatic patients with ≥50% relevant carotid artery stenosis. At inclusion, echogenicity of carotid plaques and degree of stenosis were evaluated with high-resolution B-mode ultrasound with computer-assisted image processing and Doppler ultrasound, respectively. We observed 44 ipsilateral ischemic strokes. In symptomatic patients, relative risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke for echolucent versus echorich plaques was 3.1 (95% CI, 1.3 to 7.3), whereas for 80% to 99% versus 50% to 79% stenosis, the relative risk was 1.4 (95% CI, 0.7 to 3.0). Relative to symptomatic patients with echorich 50% to 79% stenotic plaques, those with echorich 80% to 99% stenotic plaques, echolucent 50% to 79% stenotic plaques, and echolucent 80% to 99% stenotic plaques had relative risks of ipsilateral ischemic strokes of 3.1 (95%CI, 0.7 to 14), 4.2 (95% CI, 1.2 to 15), and 7.9 (95% CI, 2.1 to 30), equivalent to absolute risk increases of 11%, 18%, and 28%. This was not observed in previously asymptomatic patients. Conclusions —Echolucent plaques causing ≥50% diameter stenosis by Doppler ultrasound are associated with risk of future stroke in symptomatic but not asymptomatic individuals. This suggests that measurement of echolucency, together with degree of stenosis, may improve selection of patients for carotid endarterectomy.