tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency exposure near high-voltage lines.
Authors: M Vignati, L Giuliani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Many epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between incidence of diseases like cancer and leukemia and exposure to 50/60 Hz magnetic fields. Some studies suggest a relationship between leukemia incidence in populations residing near high-voltage lines and the distance to these lines. Other epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between leukemia incidence and exposure to 50/60 Hz magnetic fields (measured or estimated) and distance from the main system (220 or 120 V). The present work does not question these results but is intended to draw attention to a possible concurrent cause that might also increase the incidence of this disease; the presence on an electric grid of radiofrequency currents used for communications and remote control. These currents have been detected on high- and medium-voltage lines. In some cases they are even used on the main system for remote reading of electric meters. This implies that radiofrequency (RF) magnetic fields are present near the electric network in addition to the 50/60 Hz fields. This intensity of these RF fields is low but the intensity of currents induced in the human body by exposure to magnetic fields increases with frequency. Because scientific research has not yet clarified whether the risk is related to the value of magnetic induction or to the currents this kind of exposure produces in the human body, it is reasonable to suggest that the presence of the RF magnetic fields must be considered in the context of epidemiologic studies.
HYPERTENSION ENHANCES THE EXPRESSION OF URATE TRANSPORTER, SLC2A9 IN HEART
Authors: Masanari Kuwabara, Ichiro Hisatome, Hisae Kobayashi, Asuka Ogikubo, Yasuyoshi Ouchi, Sugao Ishiwata, Minoru Ohno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Central-Nervous-System Reactions to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Bernard H. Feder
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Can man sense low doses of ionizing radiation? This is a key question in this age of atomic energy applications. The risk of industrial accidents in nuclear reactors, to say nothing of the dread possibility of atomic warfare, adds new urgency to finding the answer to this query. Until recently, however, the likelihood of finding the answer seemed very remote. The central nervous system has always been considered to be very resistant to the effects of ionizing radiation. Furchtgott<sup>1</sup>has reviewed the evidence for this, and stated that in the past six years no studies have been published in the American or Western European literature which would cast doubt upon it. In general, such studies have been aimed at detecting radiation-induced structural change in the central nervous system, rather than at detecting the functional reaction of the animal to the stimulus of ionizing radiation. If one carefully investigates the
Falls need tailored management, fractures risk management
Authors: Clive E Bowman
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Cameron and Kurrle strike a note of frustration in their editorial accompanying the paper on preventive strategies to minimise falls.1 2 Falls in older people are sensitive to several spheres of influence: the physical status of the individual; the mental state of the individual; the influence of environmental factors; the impact of medication, adverse or beneficial; and acts of violence …
Ovariectomy is sufficient to accelerate spontaneous skin ageing and to stimulate ultraviolet irradiation-induced photoageing of murine skin
Authors: K. Tsukahara, H. Nakagawa, S. Moriwaki, S. Kakuo, A. Ohuchi, Y. Takema, G. Imokawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Wrinkling and sagging of the skin during photoageing is physiologically associated with diminished elasticity, which can be attributed to increased fibroblast-derived elastase activity. This degrades the dermal elastic fibres needed to maintain the three-dimensional structure of the skin. We previously reported that ovariectomy accelerates ultraviolet (UV)B-induced wrinkle formation in rat hind limb skin by altering the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres.In this study, we used hairless mice to assess the effects of ovariectomy with or without chronic UVA or UVB radiation on sagging and wrinkling of skin, on the elasticity of skin, as well as on matrix metalloproteinase activities in the skin.Ovariectomies or sham operations were performed on 6-week-old female ICR/HR hairless mice.Even in the ovariectomy group without UV irradiation, the skin elasticity was significantly decreased during the 3-13 weeks after ovariectomy, which was accompanied by a significant increase in elastase activity in the skin. After UVA or UVB irradiation, skin elasticity was significantly decreased to a greater extent in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group, and this was accompanied by a reciprocal increase in elastase activity but not in the activities of collagenases I or IV in the skin. Consistent with the decreased skin elasticity, UVA irradiation for 12 weeks elicited more marked sagging in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group. UVB irradiation for 12 weeks also induced more marked wrinkle formation in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group.These results suggest that ovariectomy alone is sufficient to accelerate skin ageing and to increase UV sensitivity, which results in the further deterioration of the skin and photoageing, and may account for the accelerated skin ageing seen in postmenopausal women.
Comparison of Simultaneously Recorded Central and Peripheral Arterial Pressure Pulses During Rest, Exercise and Tilted Position in Man
Authors: EDWIN J. KROEKER, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Central (aortic or subclavian), brachial, radial and femoral pressure pulses were recorded simultaneously in 12 healthy subjects during conditions of rest, exercise and 70 degree head-up tilt. Peripheral systolic pressure at rest uniformly exceeded the central systolic pressure generated by the same heartbeat. The average radial pulse pressure was 146, 146 and 165 per cent of central pulse pressure during rest, exercise and tilt while radial mean pressures were 94, 93 and 98 per cent of central mean pressures respectively. Summation of the incident pulse wave with reflected waves from the periphery and resonance effects in the peripheral arterial systems may produce these changes in pressure and contour.
Abstract B36: Micronome-wide explorations of NSCLC: microRNA-seq discovery
Authors: Saurabh Gombar, Miao Shi, Joseph Locker, Changcheng Zhu, Steven Keller, Yousin Suh, Simon Spivack
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs play important regulatory roles in carcinogenesis. Some key miRNAs may regulate lung carcinogenesis and be useful for lung cancer early detection. For discovery, we used high-throughput next-gen sequencing technology to investigate miRNA expression profiles in a study of 25 lung adeno- and squamous cell carcinomas, paired with far-adjacent noncancerous lung tissues from the same donors. Method: Total RNA was isolated by Trizol from 14 pairs of lung adenocarcinomas, 11 squamous cell cancers, and paired noncancerous lung tissues, from the same patients. Small RNA library of each total RNA was constructed with Illumina's Small RNA Sample Prep Kit, followed by high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina IIa platform. In parallel, transcriptome microarrays (Affymetrix GA 1.0) were run on these same paired samples. Statistical differences in microRNA expression between groups were analyzed by GenePattern software, logistic regression, and other methods. Results: For adeno, 128 micros were differentially expressed and 63 were two-fold differentially expressed between the tumors and non-tumor tissue; for squamous, the numbers of altered microRNAs were 42 overall, and 25 &amp;gt;two-fold. Among adenocarcinoma, the top 10 upregulated were miRs-147b, 577, 877, 556, 449c, and others; and downregulated were miRs 516b, 1251, 486, 139, 516a, and others. Among squamous cell carcinomas, the top up-regulated miRs were 708, 1259, 494, 200a, 216b, and others; and down-regulated miRs were 184, 1251, 144, 516a, 584, and others. MiRs 1259, 135b, 200a, 21, 494, 708 were upregulated in both tumor histologies. When the highest expressed microRNAs were correlated with the most altered mRNA transcripts, putative mRNA targets were more often anti-correlated to the individual microRNAs (Chi Square, p = 4.6 × 10-6), and this anticorrelation generally held true for the top differentially expressed microRNAs and their putative mRNA targets, and within histology strata. Conclusion: The lung cancer microRNA complement differs from non-tumor tissue, adeno- differs from squamous, and many of the most dysregulated miRs appear to be anticorrelated with putative mRNA targets. Which of the putative mRNA targets are actual biological targets awaits experimental functional work. Once constructed, the combined microRNA:mRNA signature of lung cancer is likely to be more informative for biologic potential than either signature alone. [Funding source: NCI 1RC1 CA145422-01; 1K24-CA139054-01]
Catecholamine and cortisol levels in Oxford college rowers.
Authors: R Pearson, G Ungpakorn, G A Harrison
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

Urinary catecholamines and cortisol levels in two teams of Oxford college eight oarsmen were compared on three different day types: training days, racing days, and non-rowing days. Adrenaline and cortisol were raised on racing and training days compared to non-racing days. Noradrenaline was raised on training days, reflecting longer periods of physical exercise during training. There was evidence of a progressive lowering of adrenaline output over consecutive race days and that the outcome of the races had an effect on both adrenaline and cortisol. In addition to this there seemed to be differences in cortisol levels between the two teams of rowers on both racing days and non-rowing days.
Immunosuppression Therapy Posttransplantation Can Be Associated With a Different Clinical Phenotype for Diabetic Charcot Foot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Jonathan Valabhji
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Proinflammatory changes in the immune phenotype of circulating blood monocytes in acute Charcot in diabetes have recently been described (1), but the effects of immunosuppression have not been investigated. This report describes a modified clinical phenotype for Charcot in three subjects on immunosupression therapy for previous transplantation—two live-related renal and one simultaneous pancreas kidney transplant. Charcot presented without typical features such that the early acute phase was difficult to define clinically. In the two in whom immobilization was not initially undertaken, deformity developed. All had previous proliferative retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy resulting in end-stage renal failure.

A 42-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes, duration 34 years, presented with 3 …
Mannose-binding Lectin-deficient Mice Are Susceptible to Infection with <i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>
Authors: Lei Shi, Kazue Takahashi, Joseph Dundee, Sarit Shahroor-Karni, Steffen Thiel, Jens Christian Jensenius, Faten Gad, Michael R. Hamblin, Kedarnath N. Sastry, R. Alan B. Ezekowitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Gram-positive organisms like Staphylococcus aureus are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Humoral response molecules together with phagocytes play a role in host responses to S. aureus. The mannose-binding lectin (MBL, also known as mannose-binding protein) is an oligomeric serum molecule that recognizes carbohydrates decorating a broad range of infectious agents including S. aureus. Circumstantial evidence in vitro and in vivo suggests that MBL plays a key role in first line host defense. We tested this contention directly in vivo by generating mice that were devoid of all MBL activity. We found that 100% of MBL-null mice died 48 h after exposure to an intravenous inoculation of S. aureus compared with 45% mortality in wild-type mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that neutrophils and MBL are required to limit intraperitoneal infection with S. aureus. Our study provides direct evidence that MBL plays a key role in restricting the complications associated with S. aureus infection in mice and raises the idea that the MBL gene may act as a disease susceptibility gene against staphylococci infections in humans.
Ethical Decisions in Small Hospitals
Authors: Peter Glusker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1989Ethical Decisions in Small HospitalsPeter Glusker, MD, PhDPeter Glusker, MD, PhDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-5-413 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Niemira's article (1) on ethics committees at rural hospitals is interesting, but I fear that she misses a deeper issue. She appears to assume that the committee's role in a large institution is similar to that in a small one, although she alludes to the possibility that their functions may be different. I agree strongly with the latter point from my experience as chairman of the ethics committee of our local 54-bed district hospital for the last 5 years. Its central role is resolving conflict among the patient (or family), the physician, nurses, or, rarely, administrators. A...Reference1. Niemira D. Grassroots grappling: ethics committees at rural hospitals. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:981-3. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Peter Glusker, MD, PhDAffiliations: Fort Bragg, CA 95437 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEthical Considerations in Rural Health Care: A Pilot Study of Clinicians in Alaska and New Mexico 1 March 1989Volume 110, Issue 5Page: 413-413KeywordsFearNursing administration ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Information from drug companies and opinion leaders
Authors: A. Liberati
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Double standards in information for medical journals and practitioners should go 

Medicines can offer enormous health benefits if choices for treatment are made appropriately, and availability of valid information is a necessary condition. The asymmetry in the information available to health professionals and consumers is a fundamental barrier to rational and informed choice. Good quality information, however, is a rationed commodity for health professionals also, and the use of different standards in its dissemination represents a major determinant of the failure of the therapeutic chain.1 Healthcare systems make limited investments to provide independent information, and pharmaceutical companies—who fund most clinical research—therefore become major players in the dissemination of information to health professionals and the public. Do pharmaceutical companies and the researchers acting as opinion leaders for them behave fairly and consistently or do they adopt double standards when they write in peer reviewed journals and talk to practitioners? We know that this form of information asymmetry exists.2 Two recent examples—a document from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Companies3 and the debate generated by the ALLHAT study, a landmark trial in the treatment of hypertension—illustrate this danger.4–8

The document from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Companies identifies 20 diseases and conditions, such as dementia, asthma, hepatitis C, rheumatoid arthritis, some …
Acyclovir for herpes: no clinical payoff yet
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In a<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS report last April 4 on promising results with the new antiherpetic drug acyclovir in tissue culture and in animal models, Jonathan H. Lass, MD, was quoted as saying: "The properties of acyclovir so far are encouraging. Exactly how close [it] comes to the bull's-eye remains to be seen (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1980;243:1315). Well, if the results of two clinical trials described at the recent Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in New Orleans are any indication, acyclovir is right on target but as yet has made no substantial contribution to the body's fight against invading herpesviruses. "There is an antiviral effect. That's all we're comfortable saying," Clyde Crumpacker, MD, of Harvard University Medical School, told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS. In a double-blind study, Crumpacker, Spotswood Spruance, MD, of the University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, and colleagues administered either acyclovir in polyethylene
Transfer of Technology From Statistical Journals to the Biomedical Literature
Authors: Douglas G. Altman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To investigate the speed of the transfer of new statistical methods into the medical literature and, on the basis of current data, to predict what methods medical journal editors should expect to see in the next decade.Influential statistical articles were identified and the time pattern of citations in the medical literature was ascertained. In addition, longitudinal studies of the statistical content of articles in medical journals were reviewed.Cumulative number of citations in medical journals of each article in the years after publication.Annual citations show some evidence of decreasing lag times between the introduction of new statistical methods and their appearance in medical journals. Newer technical innovations still typically take 4 to 6 years before they achieve 25 citations in the medical literature. Few methodological advances of the 1980s seem yet to have been widely cited in medical journals. Longitudinal studies indicate a large increase in the use of more complex statistical methods.Time trends suggest that technology diffusion has speeded up during the last 30 years, although there is still a lag of several years before medical citations begin to accrue. Journals should expect to see more articles using increasingly sophisticated methods. Medical journals may need to modify reviewing procedures to deal with articles using these complex new methods.
A DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE–4 INHIBITOR, ALOGRIPTIN, ATTENUATES ARTERIAL INFLAMMATION AND NEOINTIMAL FORMATION AFTER INJURY
Authors: Koji Akita, Kikuo Isoda, Sarasa Isobe, Tomiharu Niida, Takehiko Kujiraoka, Takeshi Adati, None Cardiology
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with subclinical myocardial remodeling and dysfunction: A population‐based study
Authors: Lisa B. VanWagner, Jane E. Wilcox, Laura A. Colangelo, Donald M. Lloyd‐Jones, J. Jeffrey Carr, Joao A. Lima, Cora E. Lewis, Mary E. Rinella, Sanjiv J. Shah
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and heart failure (HF) are obesity-related conditions with high cardiovascular mortality. Whether NAFLD is independently associated with subclinical myocardial remodeling or dysfunction among the general population is unknown. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 2,713 participants from the multicenter, community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who underwent concurrent computed tomography (CT) quantification of liver fat and comprehensive echocardiography with myocardial strain measured by speckle tracking during the Year-25 examination (age, 43-55 years; 58.8% female and 48.0% black). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤40 Hounsfield units after excluding other causes of liver fat. Subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction was defined using values of absolute peak global longitudinal strain (GLS). Diastolic dysfunction was defined using Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging markers. Prevalence of NAFLD was 10.0%. Participants with NAFLD had lower early diastolic relaxation (e') velocity (10.8 ± 2.6 vs. 11.9 ± 2.8 cm/s), higher LV filling pressure (E/e' ratio: 7.7 ± 2.6 vs. 7.0 ± 2.3), and worse absolute GLS (14.2 ± 2.4% vs. 15.2 ± 2.4%) than non-NAFLD (P < 0.0001 for all). When adjusted for HF risk factors or body mass index, NAFLD remained associated with subclinical myocardial remodeling and dysfunction (P < 0.01). The association of NAFLD with e' velocity (β = -0.36 [standard error = 0.15] cm/s; P = 0.02), E/e' ratio (β = 0.35 [0.16]; P = 0.03), and GLS (β = -0.42 [0.18]%; P = 0.02) was attenuated after controlling for visceral adipose tissue. Effect modification by race and sex was not observed.
Coexistent Myasthenia Gravis and Hypopituitarism
Authors: Charles L. Walters
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We recently encountered a patient with coexistent myasthenia gravis and hypopituitarism. To our knowledge, this association has not previously been reported, and we suggest that their occurrence in our patient may have been related to an underlying autoimmune disorder. Myasthenia gravis has been reported to occur in association with Hashimoto thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren disease, and polymyositis<sup>1-4</sup>—suggesting an underlying autoimmune process. In this regard, it is also interesting to note that an animal model of myasthenia gravis has recently been experimentally produced by the injection of acetylcholine receptor in rabbits.<sup>5</sup>Hypopituitarism has previously been reported to occur on an autoimmune basis,<sup>6,7</sup>and, recently, allergic hypophysitis<sup>8</sup>has been experimentally produced in rats, lending support to the earlier clinical observations. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> This 39-year-old man was in good health until January 1969, when transient diplopia developed, lasting
The Encyclopedia of Microscopy
Authors: F. T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The description of this book, on its dust cover, as an achievement of major importance and a superbly illustrated reference work, is amply justified. Among the 26 kinds of microscopy discussed are diffraction, infrared, interference, phase contrast, polarizing, and ultraviolet microscopy, as well as special methods of electron microscopy and various types (projection, reflection, and ultrasoft) of x-ray microscopy. Many important applications of these techniques in the medical sciences, in public health, and forensic medicine are suggested. The abundance of magnificent illustrations includes many of human and animal tissues, particularly the blood and connective tissues, and there is an extensive article on the application of x-ray microscopy to medicobiologic research. This book is the fruit of the work of a truly international team of English, Scotch, Canadian, South African, French, German, Swiss, Dutch, Swedish, Japanese, and American microscopists, but it has been so carefully edited that no suggestion of this
Case 30-1977
Authors: Barbara H. Tindle, John C. Long
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever and lymphadenopathy.She was well until one month earlier, when a mild sore throat developed, with fever, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, malaise and fatigue. A throat culture yielded a growth of streptococci, and penicillin was begun. Fatigue persisted, and occasional night sweats occurred. She became nauseated and lost 5 kg in weight. Erythromycin was substituted, without benefit. For several days before entry the temperature rose as high as 39.5°C.There was history of exertional dyspnea during the preceding year. A routine medical evaluation four months before . . .