tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RESPIRATORY VERSUS GASTRO-INTESTINAL INFECTION IN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Simon Flexner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

The debated problem of gastro-intestinal versusrespiratory mode of infection in poliomyelitis has been restudied by several investigators recently, with conflicting findings. Kling and Levaditi in Europe carried out experiments from 1929 to 1933, which led them to the conclusion that the digestive tract affords a ready entrance of the virus of the disease into the body. They believe that the substitution of Macacus cynomolgus for Macacus rhesus as the animal of choice for the tests supports this point of view. Toomey in the United States has arrived at a similar conclusion, not by employing a particular species of monkey for experiment, but by the use of drastic measures of inoculation, which insure that the virus makes contact with the unmyelinated nerve fibers embedded in the intestinal wall. Toomey's methods are so severe and artificial that his results cannot be regarded as simulating a natural mode of infection. We have repeated the tests of Kling and Levaditi, but in a far more comprehensive manner than was followed by them, and, like Clark and his associates who early repeated them, we have failed to confirm them. Indeed, we do not find Macacus cynomolgusand rhesus to differ in any essential way in their response to the presence of the virus of poliomyelitis in the body. Cynomolgido not respond to virus introduced into the stomach when contamination of the buccal and nasal cavities is avoided; they respond, as do rhesi, to virus directly injected into the intestine when virus passes into the intestinal wall and makes the necessary nerve fiber contact. Both Macacus cynomolgus and Macacus rhesus which have resisted feedings of virus are subject to nasal instillations of the same strains of virus and in the same degree. On the basis of the experiments reported in this paper we can reaffirm the conclusion previously arrived at by ourselves, and confirmed independently by investigators in Europe and America, namely that the only established portal of entry of the virus of poliomyelitis into the central nervous system of man is the nasal membrane, and especially the olfactory nervous areas in that membrane.
The gut microbiota and its relationship to diet and obesity
Authors: Siobhan F. Clarke, Eileen F. Murphy, Kanishka Nilaweera, Paul R. Ross, Fergus Shanahan, Paul W. O’Toole, Paul D. Cotter
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Obesity develops from a prolonged imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. However, the relatively recent discovery that the composition and function of the gut microbiota impacts on obesity has lead to an explosion of interest in what is now a distinct research field. Here, research relating to the links between the gut microbiota, diet and obesity will be reviewed under five major headings: (1) the gut microbiota of lean and obese animals, (2) the composition of the gut microbiota of lean and obese humans, (3) the impact of diet on the gut microbiota, (4) manipulating the gut microbiota and (5) the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can impact on weight gain.
THE GRADIENT OF VASCULAR PERMEABILITY
Authors: Frederick Smith, Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

A mounting gradient of permeability exists along the capillaries of frog muscle. In chicken muscle on the other hand none has been demonstrated; but the close-knit vascularization is arranged in duplicate in such manner that the blood runs in opposite directions through the capillaries of nearly adjacent fibres. In a flight muscle of the pigeon there exists in addition to this artifice what appears to be a special collecting system of venous capillaries. In the mammalian diaphragm indications of such a system are also to be found, and a gradient of capillary permeability like that in the other skeletal muscles is probably present. These vascular conditions are briefly considered in terms of function.
Retinoid Targeting of Different D-Type Cyclins through Distinct Chemopreventive Mechanisms
Authors: Yan Ma, Qing Feng, David Sekula, J. Alan Diehl, Sarah J. Freemantle, Ethan Dmitrovsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

D-type cyclins (cyclins D1, D2, and D3) promote G1-S progression and are aberrantly expressed in cancer. We reported previously that all-trans-retinoic acid chemo-prevented carcinogenic transformation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells through proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1. Retinoic acid is shown here to activate distinct mechanisms to regulate different D-type cyclins in HBE cells. Retinoic acid increased cyclin D2, decreased cyclin D3 and had no effect on cyclin D1 mRNA expression. Retinoic acid decreased cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 protein expression. Repression of cyclin D3 protein preceded that of cyclin D3 mRNA. Proteasomal inhibition prevented the early cyclin D3 degradation by retinoic acid. Threonine 286 (T286) mutation of cyclin D1 stabilized cyclin D1, but a homologous mutation of cyclin D3 affecting threonine 283 did not affect cyclin D3 stability, despite retinoic acid treatment. Lithium chloride and SB216763, both glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors, inhibited retinoic acid repression of cyclin D1, but not cyclin D3 proteins. Notably, phospho-T286 cyclin D1 expression was inhibited by lithium chloride, implicating GSK3 in these effects. Expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 was deregulated in retinoic acid-resistant HBE cells, directly implicating these species in retinoic acid response. D-type cyclins were independently targeted using small interfering RNAs. Repression of each D-type cyclin suppressed HBE growth. Repression of all D-type cyclins cooperatively suppressed HBE growth. Thus, retinoic acid repressed cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 through distinct mechanisms. GSK3 plays a key role in retinoid regulation of cyclin D1. Taken together, these findings highlight these cyclins as molecular pharmacologic targets for cancer chemoprevention.
Dr G. H. Armauer Hansen
Authors: Mark Bernhardt
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Functional Analysis via Standardized Whole-Blood Stimulation Systems Defines the Boundaries of a Healthy Immune Response to Complex Stimuli
Authors: Darragh Duffy, Vincent Rouilly, Valentina Libri, Milena Hasan, Benoit Beitz, Mikael David, Alejandra Urrutia, Aurélie Bisiaux, Samuel T. LaBrie, Annick Dubois, Ivo G. Boneca, Cécile Delval, Stéphanie Thomas, Lars Rogge, Manfred Schmolz, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Matthew L. Albert, Laurent Abel, Andres Alcover, Philippe Bousso, Ana Cumano, Marc Daëron, Cécile Delval, Caroline Demangel, Ludovic Deriano, James Di Santo, Françoise Dromer, Gérard Eberl, Jost Enninga, Antonio Freitas, Ivo Gomperts-Boneca, Serge Hercberg, Olivier Lantz, Claude Leclerc, Hugo Mouquet, Sandra Pellegrini, Stanislas Pol, Lars Rogge, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Olivier Schwartz, Benno Schwikowski, Spencer Shorte, Vassili Soumelis, Frédéric Tangy, Eric Tartour, Antoine Toubert, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Matthew L. Albert
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Ethical Incentives — Not Payment — For Organ Donation
Authors: Francis L Delmonico, Robert Arnold, Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Laura A Siminoff, Jeffrey Kahn, Stuart J Youngner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The therapeutic promise of transplanting organs from cadaveric donors, as envisioned by the pioneers of transplantation,1 has never been realized because the demand for cadaveric organs has far exceeded the supply. The waiting list for organ transplants continues to grow, and in 2000, nearly 5000 patients were removed from the list because of death.2 Consequently, many patients with end-stage organ failure are no longer relying solely on the waiting list. Instead, they are turning to spouses, friends, or strangers as possible donors — a medically acceptable alternative because advances in immunosuppression have eliminated the requirement of a genetic match for . . .
Bone marrow failure and myelofibrosis in a case of PVP storage disease
Authors: Po Dunn, Tseng-tong Kuo, Lee-Yung Shih, Po-Nan Wang, Chien-Feng Sun, Ming J.W. Chang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

"PVP storage disease" is a disorder occurring in patients who have received high molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which cannot be excreted from the body. These large polymers deposit in the histiocytes and cause proliferation and infiltration of histiocytes in the reticuloendothelial system. There was usually no significant damage to these organs except that prolonged administration might cause bone destruction, skin lesions, arthritis, and polyneuropathy. We describe a patient who had received a large amount of PVP-containing solution for years. Severe bone marrow failure with extensive infiltration of bone marrow by foamy histiocytes occurred later. In addition, she suffered from multiple pathological fractures with spinal cord compression and arthritis of bilateral knee joints.
p19ARFDeficiency Reduces Macrophage and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis and Aggravates Atherosclerosis
Authors: Herminia González-Navarro, Yafa Naim Abu Nabah, Ángela Vinué, María J. Andrés-Manzano, Manuel Collado, Manuel Serrano, Vicente Andrés
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Regional information systems
Authors: F T De Dombal
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The only surprising thing about the woeful attempts to introduce a regional information system is that anyone should be surprised at the outcome.1 As long ago as 1977 an editorial in the BMJ entitled “Experiments with computers and our money” referred scathingly to unsuccessful attempts to introduce information systems and commented on poor management2 - as did the committee of public accounts even more forcefully.3 The earlier editorial concluded that unless the Department of Health and Social …
AN IMPROVED ASEPTIC ETHERIZING INHALER.
Authors: C. FONTAINE MAURY LEIDY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

in the kidney pelvis on that side.The segregator, in this case,' even if it had obtained the purulent urine from the left side and clear urine from the right side, would not have made the positive indication for opera- tion that was made by the finding of a large collection of pus by the ureter catheter.While the instrument illustrated does not afford the ability to catheterize both ureters at the same time, I have one which does accomplish that purpose, that is, the catheterism of both ureters at the same sitting, the drainage of both ureters coincidently, allowing of com- parison as to, not only the quality of urine, but the quantity as furnished by the two kidneys at the same time and under the same general influences.
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus a Coumarin for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Agnes Y.Y. Lee, Mark N. Levine, Ross I. Baker, Chris Bowden, Ajay K. Kakkar, Martin Prins, Frederick R. Rickles, Jim A. Julian, Susan Haley, Michael J. Kovacs, Michael Gent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Patients with cancer have a substantial risk of recurrent thrombosis despite the use of oral anticoagulant therapy. We compared the efficacy of a low-molecular-weight heparin with that of an oral anticoagulant agent in preventing recurrent thrombosis in patients with cancer.Patients with cancer who had acute, symptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or both were randomly assigned to receive low-molecular-weight heparin (dalteparin) at a dose of 200 IU per kilogram of body weight subcutaneously once daily for five to seven days and a coumarin derivative for six months (target international normalized ratio, 2.5) or dalteparin alone for six months (200 IU per kilogram once daily for one month, followed by a daily dose of approximately 150 IU per kilogram for five months).During the six-month study period, 27 of 336 patients in the dalteparin group had recurrent venous thromboembolism, as compared with 53 of 336 patients in the oral-anticoagulant group (hazard ratio, 0.48; P=0.002). The probability of recurrent thromboembolism at six months was 17 percent in the oral-anticoagulant group and 9 percent in the dalteparin group. No significant difference between the dalteparin group and the oral-anticoagulant group was detected in the rate of major bleeding (6 percent and 4 percent, respectively) or any bleeding (14 percent and 19 percent, respectively). The mortality rate at six months was 39 percent in the dalteparin group and 41 percent in the oral-anticoagulant group.In patients with cancer and acute venous thromboembolism, dalteparin was more effective than an oral anticoagulant in reducing the risk of recurrent thromboembolism without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Altered Antigen Expression Predicts Outcome in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: G. T. Wolf, T. E. Carey, S. P. Schmaltz, K. D. McClatchey, J. Poore, L. Glaser, D. J. S. Hayashida, S. Hsu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Monoclonal antibody UM-A9 identifies an antigen found on the basal surface of epithelial cells and expressed on all of the squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) that we have tested. In a previous study, we showed that cell lines from metastatic or recurrent SCC exhibit stronger expression of the A9 cell membrane antigen than cell lines from the primary tumor of the same donors, suggesting that this marker is associated with tumor progression. Loss of expression in tumor tissue of normal A, B, and H (ABH) blood group antigens has also been linked to clinical behavior in some epithelial cancers. To determine the prognostic significance of these antigen markers, we prospectively evaluated tissue specimens for expression of these markers in a group of 82 consecutive, previously untreated patients with SCC of the head and neck. Three patterns corresponding to strong (pattern 1), intermediate (pattern 2), or weak (pattern 3) A9 antigen expression were observed. Fifty-eight percent of the patients whose tumors had pattern 1 A9 antigen expression and 78% of the patients with loss of blood group antigen had early relapse, compared with only 34% of those with A9 antigen pattern 2 or 3 ( P =.042) and 37% of those whose tumors expressed the mature ABH blood group antigen ( P =.012). The combination of A9 pattern and ABH blood group antigen expression in tumor tissue was the variable most strongly associated with duration of disease-free survival, even after adjustment for the traditional prognostic factors of tumor site, stage, and TNM classification. Loss of blood group was the most significant single variable associated with early recurrence, but among patients whose tumors retained ABH blood group antigen expression, the A9 pattern distinguished good and poor prognostic groups. To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate that differences in blood group antigen expression are significantly correlated with disease free survival in SCC of the head and neck. We have initiated a study (a) to determine the relationship of the A9 antigen and the blood group antigens with clinical response of the tumors and (b) to determine whether these markers should be used as prognostic indicators. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:1566–1572, 1990]
Start Hesitation — A Side Effect of Long-Term Levodopa Therapy
Authors: Lalit M. Ambani, Melvin H. Van Woert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE side effects of levodopa therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease are numerous and prevalent. Reports of short-term clinical trials emphasize the frequency of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular toxic reactions to this drug.1 2 3 Appraisals of long-term therapy are still scarce, but those available have indicated that as tolerance to the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects gradually develops, other new adverse reactions appear.4 , 5 Barbeau4 , 5 labeled these toxic delayed reactions "the long-term levodopa syndrome." The first component of this syndrome was an increased frequency of involuntary dyskinetic or choreoathetoid movements even at progressively smaller levodopa doses. Secondly, in some patients subtle mental and . . .
Direct immunofluorescence on cytological smears in oral pemphigus
Authors: A.E. ACOSTA, J. HIETANEN, L. IVANYI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Direct immunofluorescence on cytological smears in oral pemphigus Get access A.E. ACOSTA, A.E. ACOSTA Department of Oral Medicine, Institute of Dental Surgery, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. HIETANEN, J. HIETANEN Department of Pathology, Institute of Dental Surgery, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. IVANYI L. IVANYI Department of Oral Medicine, Institute of Dental Surgery, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue 6, 1 December 1981, Pages 645–651, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00974.x Published: 01 December 1981 Article history Accepted: 12 February 1981 Published: 01 December 1981
Ultrasound-activated Agents Comprised of 5FU-bearing Nanoparticles Bonded to Microbubbles Inhibit Solid Tumor Growth and Improve Survival
Authors: Caitlin W Burke, Eben Alexander, Kelsie Timbie, Alexander L Kilbanov, Richard J Price
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery vehicles may eventually offer improved tumor treatments; however, NP delivery from the bloodstream to tumors can be hindered by poor convective and/or diffusive transport. We tested whether poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NP delivery can be improved by covalently linking them to ultrasound (US)-activated microbubbles in a "composite-agent" formulation and whether drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-loaded NPs delivered in this fashion inhibit the growth of tumors that are typically not responsive to intravenously administered 5FU. After intravenous composite-agent injection, C6 gliomas implanted on Rag-1−/− mice were exposed to pulsed 1 MHz US, resulting in the delivery of 16% of the initial NP dose per gram tissue. This represented a five- to 57-fold increase in NP delivery when compared to multiple control groups. 5FU-bearing NP delivery from the composite-agent formulation resulted in a 67% reduction in tumor volume at 7 days after treatment, and animal survival increased significantly when compared to intravenous soluble 5FU administration. We conclude that NP delivery from US-activated composite agents may improve tumor treatment by offering a combination of better targeting, enhanced payload delivery, and controlled local drug release. Nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery vehicles may eventually offer improved tumor treatments; however, NP delivery from the bloodstream to tumors can be hindered by poor convective and/or diffusive transport. We tested whether poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NP delivery can be improved by covalently linking them to ultrasound (US)-activated microbubbles in a "composite-agent" formulation and whether drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-loaded NPs delivered in this fashion inhibit the growth of tumors that are typically not responsive to intravenously administered 5FU. After intravenous composite-agent injection, C6 gliomas implanted on Rag-1−/− mice were exposed to pulsed 1 MHz US, resulting in the delivery of 16% of the initial NP dose per gram tissue. This represented a five- to 57-fold increase in NP delivery when compared to multiple control groups. 5FU-bearing NP delivery from the composite-agent formulation resulted in a 67% reduction in tumor volume at 7 days after treatment, and animal survival increased significantly when compared to intravenous soluble 5FU administration. We conclude that NP delivery from US-activated composite agents may improve tumor treatment by offering a combination of better targeting, enhanced payload delivery, and controlled local drug release.
Immunomodulatory effects of growth hormone administration are associated with improvement in myocardial contractile performance in dilated cardiomyopathy patients
Authors: Stamatis Adamopoulos, John T. Parissis, John Paraskevaidis, Dimitrios Karatzas, Christos Kroupis, Eftimios Livanis, George Karavolias, Dimitrios T. Kremastinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Dendritic cell regulation of carbon tetrachloride-induced murine liver fibrosis regression
Authors: Jingjing Jiao, David Sastre, Maria Isabel Fiel, Ursula E. Lee, Zahra Ghiassi–Nejad, Florent Ginhoux, Eric Vivier, Scott L. Friedman, Miriam Merad, Costica Aloman
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Although hepatic fibrosis typically follows chronic inflammation, fibrosis will often regress after cessation of liver injury. In this study, we examined whether liver dendritic cells (DCs) play a role in liver fibrosis regression using carbon tetrachloride to induce liver injury. We examined DC dynamics during fibrosis regression and their capacity to modulate liver fibrosis regression upon cessation of injury. We show that conditional DC depletion soon after discontinuation of the liver insult leads to delayed fibrosis regression and reduced clearance of activated hepatic stellate cells, the key fibrogenic cell in the liver. Conversely, DC expansion induced either by Flt3L (fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand) or adoptive transfer of purified DCs accelerates liver fibrosis regression. DC modulation of fibrosis was partially dependent on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, because MMP-9 inhibition abolished the Flt3L-mediated effect and the ability of transferred DCs to accelerate fibrosis regression. In contrast, transfer of DCs from MMP-9-deficient mice failed to improve fibrosis regression.Taken together, these results suggest that DCs increase fibrosis regression and that the effect is correlated with their production of MMP-9. The results also suggest that Flt3L treatment during fibrosis resolution merits evaluation to accelerate regression of advanced liver fibrosis.
A New Era in the Treatment of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Christy Sandborg, Elizabeth D. Mellins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Advances in understanding the biology of inflammation have spurred drug development and revolutionized the care of both adults and children with rheumatic diseases. Among the most dramatic examples of this progress are the clinical trials, reported by Ruperto et al.1 and De Benedetti et al.2 in this issue of the Journal, of two different biologic agents — the interleukin-1 inhibitor, canakinumab, and the interleukin-6 inhibitor, tocilizumab — for the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). These studies represent the culmination of work begun in small, but encouraging studies involving patients with systemic JIA who received treatment with interleukin-1 or . . .