tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measuring blood-flow in dialysis.
Authors: R. M. Jameson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The neural mechanisms underlying the exogenous coding and neural entrainment to rapid auditory stimuli have seen a recent surge of interest. However, few studies have characterized how parametric changes in stimulus presentation alter entrained responses. Applying inter-trial phase-locking (ITPL) and phase-locking value (PLV) analyses applied to high-density human electroencephalogram (EEG) data, we investigated the degree to which the brain entrains to speech vs. non-speech (i.e., click) sounds within and across tokens. Passive cortico-acoustic tracking was investigated in N=24 normal young adults utilizing EEG time-frequency and source analyses that isolated neural activity stemming from both auditory temporal cortices. We parametrically manipulated the rate and periodicity of repetitive, continuous speech and click stimuli to investigate how speed and jitter in ongoing sounds stream affect oscillatory entrainment. Both stimulus domains showed rightward hemisphere asymmetry in phase-locking strength with stronger and earlier responses to speech vs. clicks. Neuronal synchronization to speech was enhanced at 4.5 Hz (the putative universal rate of speech) and showed a differential pattern to that of clicks, particularly at higher rates. Phase-locking to speech decreased with increasing jitter but entrainment to speech remained superior to clicks. Surprisingly, click were invariant to periodicity manipulations. Our findings provide evidence that the brain’s neural entrainment to complex sounds is enhanced and more sensitized when processing speech relative to non-speech sounds. That this specialization is apparent even under passive listening suggests a priority of the auditory system for synchronizing to behaviorally-relevant signals.
More patients could be treated in the UK if associate specialists' skills were recognised
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Thousands of patients who are being sent abroad for surgery could be treated in their local hospital if the skills of staff and associate specialist doctors working throughout the NHS were properly recognised, the BMA's annual conference heard.

Mr Mohib Khan, chairman of the Staff and Associate Specialists Committee, said that the doctors he represents have been treated as an underclass, often bullied and harassed by colleagues and frustrated and demoralised by their lack of progression and recognition.

Despite years of experience the careers of many of the 12 500 specialist doctors in the United Kingdom …
Health-Policy Directions for the 1970's
Authors: William L. Kissick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Abstract The health endeavor in the United States, a $60,000,000,000 human-services enterprise, is in a state of crisis that challenges the continuation of its pluralistic, independent, voluntary nature. Health care, although still predominantly a private-sector activity, is no longer solely the private concern of the individual. The evolution of the role of the government has proceeded through four phases, beginning with categorical grants-in-aid (1935), investments in the development of health resources (1946), organization and delivery of health services (1963) and a transition to comprehensive health-care systems (1967). Health-policy deliberations during the 1970's, including the debates over National Health Insurance, must focus on the modification of financing mechanisms and patterns of organization if society is to realize the most effective utilization of its health resources to provide health care for a population projected to reach 250,000,000 by the end of the decade.
Relationships Among Commonly Used Measures of Cord Blood Potency, ALDHbr Cell Content, and Colony Forming Cell Content in Cord Blood Units Prior to Cryopreservation: Towards An Improved Metric for Potency of Banked Cord Blood,
Authors: Kristin M. Page, Brigid Betz-Stablein, Adam M Mendizabal, Stephen Wease, Tracy Gentry, Kevin Shoulars, Andrew E Balber, Joanne Kurtzberg
Journal: Blood (2011)
Specific Microbiota Direct the Differentiation of IL-17-Producing T-Helper Cells in the Mucosa of the Small Intestine
Authors: Ivaylo I. Ivanov, Rosa de Llanos Frutos, Nicolas Manel, Keiji Yoshinaga, Daniel B. Rifkin, R. Balfour Sartor, B. Brett Finlay, Dan R. Littman
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Abstract A15: A reciprocal feedback loop between grainyhead-like-2 and ZEB1 controls EMT and tumor suppression
Authors: Benjamin Cieply, Heide L. Ford, Joshua Farris, Steven Frisch
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The oncogenic Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) enhances malignant progression by promoting invasion and survival of tumor cells. EMT is induced by microenvironmental factors including TGF-β and Wnt agonists, and transcription factors including the E-box binding factors Twist, Snail and ZEB. Previously, we reported that a member of the mammalian Grainyhead family of wound healing-regulatory transcription factors, Grainyhead-like-2 (GRHL2), suppresses EMT and restores sensitivity to anoikis by repressing ZEB1 expression and inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Here, we elucidate the functional relationship between GRHL2 and ZEB1 in EMT/MET and tumor biology. At least three homeodomain proteins, Six1, LBX1, and HoxA5, transactivated the ZEB1 promoter; for Six1, this occurred through direct protein-promoter interaction. GRHL2 altered the Six1-DNA complex, inhibiting this transactivation. Correspondingly, GRHL2 expression prevented tumor initiation in xenograft assays, sensitized breast cancer cells to paclitaxel, and suppressed the emergence of CD44highCD24low cells in a cell line where this marker set correlates with cancer stem cell phenotype. GRHL2 was down-regulated in recurrent mouse tumors that had evolved to an oncogene-independent, EMT-like state, supporting a role for GRHL2 down-regulation in this tumor phenotype transition modeling disease recurrence. The combination of TGF-β and Wnt activation repressed GRHL2 expression through direct interaction of ZEB1 with the GRHL2 promoter, inducing EMT. These observations indicate that a reciprocal feedback loop between GRHL2 and ZEB1 controls epithelial vs. mesenchymal phenotypes and EMT-driven tumor progression. Citation Format: Benjamin Cieply, Heide L. Ford, Joshua Farris, Steven Frisch. A reciprocal feedback loop between grainyhead-like-2 and ZEB1 controls EMT and tumor suppression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Giant Cell Arteritis—A Multifaceted Disease of Older People.
Authors: Kenneth R. Wilske
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Giant Cell Arteritis—A Multifaceted Disease of Older People.Kenneth R. Wilske, M.D., F.A.C.P., L. A. Healey, M.D., F.A.C.P.Kenneth R. Wilske, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, L. A. Healey, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-842_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHorton described temporal arteritis as a clinical syndrome in 1932 but considered it a benign self-limited illness. Several years later the serious complication of blindness was recognized. Since then, it has been shown that giant cell arteritis is not benign or self-limiting but a potentially lethal disease with involvement of large and medium-sized arteries throughout the body. Vascular occlusion leading to infarction of the brain is the most frequent cause of death, followed by similar lesions of the heart. Prolonged morbidity may result from unrecognized giant cell arteritis presenting as incapacitating proximal muscle pain, severe anemia, fever, or malaise. The... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kenneth R. Wilske, M.D., F.A.C.P.; L. A. Healey, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Seattle, Wash. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 842-842KeywordsBlindnessBrainFeversGiant cellsHeartInfarctionLesionsMorbidityMyalgiaTemporal arteritis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
The muscle-specific microRNA miR-206 blocks human rhabdomyosarcoma growth in xenotransplanted mice by promoting myogenic differentiation
Authors: Riccardo Taulli, Francesca Bersani, Valentina Foglizzo, Alessandra Linari, Elisa Vigna, Marc Ladanyi, Thomas Tuschl, Carola Ponzetto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Many microRNAs (miRNAs), posttranscriptional regulators of numerous cellular processes and developmental events, are downregulated in tumors. However, their role in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. In this work, we examined the role of the muscle-specific miRNAs miR-1 and miR-206 in human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a soft tissue sarcoma thought to arise from skeletal muscle progenitors. We have shown that miR-1 was barely detectable in primary RMS of both the embryonal and alveolar subtypes and that both miR-1 and miR-206 failed to be induced in RMS cell lines upon serum deprivation. Moreover, reexpression of miR-206 in RMS cells promoted myogenic differentiation and blocked tumor growth in xenografted mice by switching the global mRNA expression profile to one that resembled mature muscle. Finally, we showed that the product of the MET proto-oncogene, the Met tyrosine-kinase receptor, which is overexpressed in RMS and has been implicated in RMS pathogenesis, was downregulated in murine satellite cells by miR-206 at the onset of normal myogenesis. Thus, failure of posttranscriptional modulation may underlie Met overexpression in RMS and other types of cancer. We propose that tissue-specific miRNAs such as miR-1 and miR-206, given their ability to modulate hundreds of transcripts and to act as nontoxic differentiating agents, may override the genomic heterogeneity of solid tumors and ultimately hold greater therapeutic potential than single gene–directed drugs.
Neurologic Complications in Children with Enterovirus 71 Infection
Authors: Chao-Ching Huang, Ching-Chuan Liu, Ying-Chao Chang, Cheng-Yu Chen, Shan-Tair Wang, Tsu-Fuh Yeh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Enterovirus 71 infection causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease in young children, which is characterized by several days of fever and vomiting, ulcerative lesions in the oral mucosa, and vesicles on the backs of the hands and feet. The initial illness resolves but is sometimes followed by aseptic meningitis, encephalomyelitis, or even acute flaccid paralysis similar to paralytic poliomyelitis.
Pressure Overload Induces Cardiac Hypertrophy in Angiotensin II Type 1A Receptor Knockout Mice
Authors: Koichiro Harada, Issei Komuro, Ichiro Shiojima, Doubun Hayashi, Sumiyo Kudoh, Takehiko Mizuno, Kazuhisa Kijima, Hiroaki Matsubara, Takeshi Sugaya, Kazuo Murakami, Yoshio Yazaki
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Many studies have suggested that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the development of pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, it has been reported that pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy is completely prevented by ACE inhibitors in vivo and that the stored angiotensin II (Ang II) is released from cardiac myocytes in response to mechanical stretch and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT 1 ) in vitro. These results suggest that the AT 1 -mediated signaling is critical for the development of mechanical stress–induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods and Results —To determine whether AT 1 -mediated signaling is indispensable for the development of pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy, pressure overload was produced by constricting the abdominal aorta of AT 1A knockout (KO) mice. Quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction revealed that the cardiac AT 1 (probably AT 1B ) mRNA levels in AT 1A KO mice were &lt;10% of those of wild-type (WT) mice and were not affected by pressure overload. Chronic treatment with subpressor doses of Ang II increased left ventricular mass in WT mice but not in KO mice. Pressure overload, however, fully induced cardiac hypertrophy in KO as well as WT mice. There were no significant differences between WT and KO mice in expression levels of fetal-type cardiac genes, in the left ventricular wall thickness and systolic function as revealed by the transthoracic echocardiogram, or in the histological changes such as myocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Conclusions —AT 1 -mediated Ang II signaling is not essential for the development of pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Ultrasound scan of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, transverse plane
Authors: S. J. Karia, R. H. Kassamali, S. Kletzenbauer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Abstract  Glaucoma and optic neuropathies cause progressive and irreversible degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve and are currently without any effective treatment. Previous research into cell replacement therapy of these neurodegenerative diseases has been stalled due to the limited capability for grafted RGCs to integrate into the retina and project properly along the long visual pathway to reach their brain targets. In vivo RGC regeneration would be a promising alternative approach but mammalian retinas lack regenerative capacity even though cold-blood vertebrates such as zebrafish have the full capacity to regenerate a damaged retina using Muller glia (MG) as retinal stem cells. Nevertheless, mammalian MG undergo limited neurogenesis when stimulated by retinal injury. Therefore, a fundamental question that remains to be answered is whether MG can be induced to efficiently regenerate functional RGCs for vision restoration in mammals. Here we show that without stimulating proliferation, the transcription factor (TF) Math5 together with a Brn3 TF family member are able to reprogram mature mouse MG into RGCs with exceedingly high efficiency while either alone has no or limited capacity. The reprogrammed RGCs extend long axons that make appropriate intra-retinal and extra-retinal projections through the entire visual pathway including the optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tract to innervate both image-forming and non-image-forming brain targets. They exhibit typical neuronal electrophysiological properties and improve visual responses in two glaucoma mouse models: Brn3b null mutant mice and mice with the optic nerve crushed (ONC). Together, our data provide evidence that mammalian MG can be reprogrammed by defined TFs to achieve robust in vivo regeneration of functional RGCs as well as a promising new therapeutic approach to restore vision to patients with glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
Cognitive Effects of Cancer Systemic Therapy: Implications for the Care of Older Patients and Survivors
Authors: Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, Paul B. Jacobsen, Tim Ahles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The number of patients with cancer who are age 65 years or older (hereinafter "older") is increasing dramatically. One obvious aspect of cancer care for this group is that they are experiencing age-related changes in multiple organ systems, including the brain, which complicates decisions about systemic therapy and assessments of survivorship outcomes. There is a consistent body of evidence from studies that use neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging that supports the existence of impairment following systemic therapy in selected cognitive domains among some older patients with cancer. Impairment in one or more cognitive domains could have important effects in the daily lives of older patients. However, an imperfect understanding of the precise biologic mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment after systemic treatment precludes development of validated methods for predicting which older patients are at risk. From what is known, risks may include lifestyle factors such as smoking, genetic predisposition, and specific comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Risk also interacts with physiologic and cognitive reserve, because even at the same chronological age and with the same number of illnesses, older patients vary from having high reserve (ie, biologically younger than their age) to being frail (biologically older than their age). Surveillance for the presence of cognitive impairment is also an important component of long-term survivorship care with older patients. Increasing the workforce of cancer care providers who have geriatrics training or who are working within multidisciplinary teams that have this type of expertise would be one avenue toward integrating assessment of the cognitive effects of cancer systemic therapy into routine clinical practice.
MRI in early rheumatoid arthritis: synovitis and bone marrow oedema are independent predictors of subsequent radiographic progression
Authors: Pernille Bøyesen, Espen A Haavardsholm, Mikkel Østergaard, Désirée van der Heijde, Sølve Sesseng, Tore K Kvien
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objectives To determine whether MRI and conventional (clinical and laboratory) measures of inflammation can predict 3-year radiographic changes measured by the van der Heijde Sharp score in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods 55 patients with RA with disease duration &lt;1 year participated in this 3-year follow-up study. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 36 months by swollen and tender joint count, disease activity score based on 28-joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein, MRI measures of synovitis, bone marrow oedema and tenosynovitis of the dominant wrist, as well as conventional x-rays of the hands and wrists. Results All measures of inflammation decreased during the follow-up period. ESR, MRI synovitis and MRI bone marrow oedema were independent predictors of 3-year radiographic progression adjusted for age, sex and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. The 1-year cumulative measures of MRI synovitis and bone marrow oedema provided an improved explanation of variation (adjusted R 2 ) in radiographic change compared with the baseline MRI values (adjusted R 2 =0.32 and 0.20 vs 0.11 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusions Both baseline and 1-year cumulative measures of MRI synovitis and bone marrow oedema independently predicted 3-year radiographic progression. These results confirm that MRI synovitis and MRI bone marrow oedema precede radiographic progression in patients with early RA.
Hyperalimented Lung Diagnosed by Perfusion Scan
Authors: RANDALL L. BIVENS, PETER W. BLUE, JOHN H. JACKSON, NASSER GHAED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Injection of radiopharmaceutical through a catheter may be useful in localizing its placement. A case is described in which a central venous line had punctured to superior vena cava, delivering hyperalimentation solution into the right pleural space.
Therapeutic strategy for removal of a large dental prosthesis with a sharp clasp, embedded in the esophagus
Authors: Y. Moriwaki, M. Sugiyama, S. Arata, H. Toyoda, T. Kosuge, N. Suzuki
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Ingested and unremovable dental prostheses, with sharp clasps which catch and stick in the esophagus, can lead to direct injury, compression ulcer, and perforation or penetration [1] [2]. To establish appropriate procedures for removing such objects according to our strategy for accidentally swallowed esophageal foreign bodies, we examined: (i) the removal process in cases without esophageal resection, and (ii) the resected specimen in a case where esophagectomy had been done.
Controlled Trial of Amitriptyline in General Practice
Authors: T. G. Blashki, R. Mowbray, B. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A controlled double-blind trial of amitriptyline at two dosage levels (75 and 150 mg/day), amylobarbitone (150 mg/day), and an inert substance for a period of four weeks was conducted on four matched groups of women attending their general practitioners and suffering from a depressive illness. Improvement at 7 and 28 days was noted on several measures of depression and anxiety in all treatment groups. Of these treatments amitriptyline 150 mg/day was the most consistent in relieving depression and anxiety. Troublesome side effects were equally distributed among the four treatments.
Effects of a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen, and an H1 histamine receptor antagonist, terfenadine, alone and in combination on allergen induced immediate bronchoconstriction in man.
Authors: N Curzen, P Rafferty, S T Holgate
Journal: Thorax (1987)

The effect of flurbiprofen, a potent cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, on histamine and methacholine reactivity was assessed in seven atopic subjects with asthma. Flurbiprofen 150 mg daily for three days displaced the histamine-FEV1 concentration-response curve to the right by 1.5 doubling doses, whereas no effect was observed on the response to methacholine. Subsequently the effects of flurbiprofen and terfenadine, a specific H1 histamine receptor antagonist, on allergen induced bronchoconstriction were studied in seven atopic but non-asthmatic subjects. The subjects inhaled the concentration of grass pollen allergen that had previously been shown to produce a 20% fall in FEV1 on separate occasions after prior treatment with placebo, flurbiprofen 150 mg daily for three days, terfenadine 180 mg three hours before challenge, and the combination of flurbiprofen and terfenadine. After placebo, allergen challenge caused a mean (SEM) maximum fall in FEV1 of 37.6% (2.6%) after 20 (3.7) minutes, followed by a gradual recovery to within 15% of baseline at 60 minutes. Terfenadine reduced the maximum allergen provoked fall in FEV1 to 21.5% (2.2%) and reduced the area under the time-response curve (AUC) by 50% (6%). Flurbiprofen alone reduced the mean maximum fall in FEV1 to 29.6% (3.2%) and reduced the AUC by 26%. The effect of the combination of flurbiprofen and terfenadine did not differ significantly from that of terfenadine alone. We conclude that histamine and prostaglandins contribute to immediate allergen induced bronchoconstriction and that a complex interaction occurs between the two classes of mediators.
Coping With Sudden Infant Death
Authors: Georgia Schefft
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The grieving process that follows the loss of a loved one and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are both topics receiving much attention in recent years. These two topics are combined in this book based on a psychological study of 112 SIDS families.  Thirteen chapters deal with various topics including organization of the research and description of the grief responses experienced by mothers, fathers, and siblings. Separate chapters are devoted to research into the causes of SIDS and a description of the experience of two SIDS mothers in organizing a support group for other SIDS parents. An appendix contains a self-study guide for SIDS parents, which is intended to be used to facilitate grief counseling.  This book is unusual as it stems from a research study and yet departs from the usual format in reporting such work. Rather than a systematic analysis of data, important points are illustrated using
Antioxidant effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
Authors: J. E. Tanus-Santos
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This letter refers to ‘The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil reduces oxidative stress while reversing pulmonary arterial hypertension’ by Y.-F. Fan et al ., Cardiovascular Research (2013) 99, 395–403. 

Fan et al .1 have shown convincing results indicating that the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor vardenafil reduces oxidative stress and this effect was associated with attenuation of chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats and in humans.

We would like to make the point that the results shown by Fan et al .1 may have underestimated the beneficial effects of …