tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
United Kingdom back pain exercise and manipulation (UK BEAM) trial
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Recent enthusiasm for genetic advances in prevention is out of keeping with the etiology of most common diseases of the industrialized world, including the major inflammatory arthritides. These conditions have a genetically "complex" causation, involving many genes, and strong influences of the environment, acting on our individual genetic endowments over the entire life course. Lines of evidence that this is so are reviewed--especially migrant epidemiological cohort studies, which are stronger etiological evidence that "twins reared apart" studies, since they tend to involve massive cultural and environmental changes, while "holding genetic factors constant." More such studies would better inform preventive strategies for the inflammatory arthritides, which lag behind cardiovascular disease in understanding causation, and therefore primary prevention. Finally, factors are briefly reviewed that affect risks, benefits, and costs of single-locus genetic tests to predict lifelong risk of chronic diseases with complex and multifactorial determination. Both negative and positive predictive values of such tests for predicting lifetime disease occurrence are generally unacceptable for use in the general population. Expert genetic counseling is therefore important before such testing, to ensure that an appropriate family and personal history justifies these expensive tests, the "labeling" effects of which can last a lifetime.
Identification of Maillard reaction products on peanut allergens that influence binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products
Authors: G. A. Mueller, S. J. Maleki, K. Johnson, B. K. Hurlburt, H. Cheng, S. Ruan, J. B. Nesbit, A. Pomés, L. L. Edwards, A. Schorzman, L. J. Deterding, H. Park, K. B. Tomer, R. E. London, J. G. Williams
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Background Recent immunological data demonstrated that dendritic cells preferentially recognize advanced glycation end product (AGE)-modified proteins, upregulate expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), and consequently bias the immune response toward allergy. Methods Peanut extract was characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) to elucidate the specific residues and specific AGE modifications found in raw and roasted peanuts and on rAra h 1 that was artificially glycated by incubation with glucose or xylose. The binding of the RAGE-V1C1 domain to peanut allergens was assessed by PAGE and Western analysis with anti-Ara h 1, 2, and 3 antibodies. IgE binding to rAra h 1 was also assessed using the same methods. Results AGE modifications were found on Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 in both raw and roasted peanut extract. No AGE modifications were found on Ara h 2. Mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis demonstrated that RAGE binds selectively to Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 derived from peanut extract, whereas the analysis failed to demonstrate Ara h 2 binding to RAGE. rAra h 1 with no AGE modifications did not bind RAGE; however, after AGE modification with xylose, rAra h 1 bound to RAGE. Conclusions AGE modifications to Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 can be found in both raw and roasted peanuts. Receptor for AGE was demonstrated to selectively interact with AGE-modified rAra h 1. If sensitization to peanut allergens occurs in dendritic cells via RAGE interactions, these cells are likely interacting with modified Ara h 1 and Ara h 3, but not Ara h 2.
Polyclinics could close 1700 general practices, Conservatives claim
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Polyclinics could lead to the closure of more than 1000 surgeries in London, more than three quarters of the total in the capital, and a further 600 in the rest of England, says the opposition leader David Cameron.

The Conservative party leader has warned that the clinics are a threat to general practices because “Gordon Brown is trying to nationalise GP surgeries and to make GPs salaried employees of the state,” he said in a speech to health specialists at the King’s Fund, in London on Monday.

If the proposal for more polyclinics, which are expected to be recommended in the forthcoming report from Ara Darzi, goes ahead, patients would lose the one to one relationship that they have with their …
Research Aims at Gallstone Prevention
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

GALLSTONES RECUR in persons prone to the problem no matter which procedure is used for their removal. A conservative estimate, say some gastroenterologists, is that stones will recur in half of all treated persons in five to ten years. Other investigators say eventual recurrence in almost all stone-prone patients is virtually certain. In Europe, chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid are used routinely to prevent recurrence in such patients. The former drug is used in this country, but some physicians question whether, at about $1000 per year, it is worth the cost, especially since stones often form after its use is discontinued. Although cholelithiasis is a very common disease, present in up to 10% of the general population and up to 20% of persons more than 40 years of age—increasing as the US population ages and accounting for at least 500 000 cholecystectomies each year—it is usually a sufficiently benign disease
THE PRECIPITIN REACTION BETWEEN DNA AND A SERUM FACTOR IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: H. R. G. Deicher, H. R. Holman, H. G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

The sera of certain patients with systemic lupus erythematosus contain an antibody-like substance capable of reacting with highly purified DNA preparations from widely divergent sources. Precipitin reactions have been demonstrated by double diffusion in agar and quantitative precipitin curves have been obtained. Complement was observed to be fixed in the reaction. Evidence was obtained that the serum factor possessed antigenic properties similar to those of gamma-globulins and migrated with this fraction on zone electrophoresis. The interaction of this factor with DNA exhibited certain specific characteristics which differ considerably from non-specific reactions between DNA and proteins in general. The DNA-precipitating factor appeared to be one of a number of related factors reacting with nuclear constituents of many different cells. It differed in certain respects from the "LE factor" which is responsible for the formation of "LE cells." The accumulated evidence, although not yet conclusive, favors the concept that the precipitating factor represents an antibody to DNA, and that it is one of a number of autoantibodies elicited in this disease.
1417 SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE WITH DACLATASVIR PLUS SOFOSBUVIR ± RIBAVIRIN (RBV) IN CHRONIC HCV GENOTYPE (GT) 1-INFECTED PATIENTS WHO PREVIOUSLY FAILED TELAPREVIR (TVR) OR BOCEPREVIR (BOC)
Authors: M.S. Sulkowski, D.F. Gardiner, M. Rodriguez-Torres, K.R. Reddy, T. Hassanein, I. Jacobson, E. Lawitz, A.S. Lok, F. Hinestrosa, P.J. Thuluvath, H. Schwartz, D.R. Nelson, G.T. Everson, T. Eley, M. Wind-Rotolo, S.-P. Huang, M. Gao, F. McPhee, D. Hernandez, D. Sherman, R. Hindes, W. Symonds, C. Pasquinelli, D.M. Grasela
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Relationship Between Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance and Clinical Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Bernhard Witzenbichler, Akiko Maehara, Giora Weisz, Franz-Josef Neumann, Michael J. Rinaldi, D. Christopher Metzger, Timothy D. Henry, David A. Cox, Peter L. Duffy, Bruce R. Brodie, Thomas D. Stuckey, Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Ke Xu, Helen Parise, Roxana Mehran, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Prior small to modest-sized studies suggest a benefit of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance in noncomplex lesions. Whether IVUS guidance is associated with improved clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in an unrestricted patient population is unknown. Methods and Results— Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents (ADAPT-DES) was a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized “all-comers” study of 8583 consecutive patients at 11 international centers designed to determine the frequency, timing, and correlates of stent thrombosis and adverse clinical events after DES. Propensity-adjusted multivariable analysis was performed to examine the relationship between IVUS guidance and 1-year outcomes. IVUS was utilized in 3349 patients (39%), and larger-diameter devices, longer stents, and/or higher inflation pressures were used in 74% of IVUS-guided cases. IVUS guidance compared with angiography guidance was associated with reduced 1-year rates of definite/probable stent thrombosis (0.6% [18 events] versus 1.0% [53 events]; adjusted hazard radio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.73; P =0.003), myocardial infarction (2.5% versus 3.7%; adjusted hazard radio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.88; P =0.004), and composite adjudicated major adverse cardiac events (ie, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis) (3.1% versus 4.7%; adjusted hazard radio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.88; P =0.002). The benefits of IVUS were especially evident in patients with acute coronary syndromes and complex lesions, although significant reductions in major adverse cardiac events were present in all patient subgroups those with including stable angina and single-vessel disease. Conclusions— In ADAPT-DES, the largest study of IVUS use to date, IVUS guidance was associated with a reduction in stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and major adverse cardiac events within 1 year after DES implantation. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00638794.
The Pulmonary Pressures in Pulmonary Venous Obstruction
Authors: MERRITT C. WARREN, PHILIP M. BENARON, NORMAN J. SISSMAN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The contour of the pulmonary artery wedge pressure tracing in a case of pulmonary venous obstruction was unique and may be diagnostic. Wedged pressures were obtained in both a pulmonary artery and a pulmonary vein on recatheterization of a 5-year-old boy with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the superior vena cava on whom an anastomosis of the confluence of the pulmonary veins to the left atrium with loose ligation of the vertical vein had been done at 2 months of age. The pulmonary artery wedge pressure (oxygen saturation, 97%) was 31/18 (mean, 22) mm Hg and its contour was almost identical to that of the pulmonary artery pressure. A similar contour was obtained in the pulmonary vein, for both wedged and free pressures. The similarity of the pulmonary artery wedge pressure to that in the free pulmonary artery may lead to the conclusion that the catheter is not wedged when actually it is. Doubt can be resolved by withdrawing fully saturated blood. Extreme stenosis between the confluence of the pulmonary veins and the left atrium may cause the pulmonary artery wedge to reflect pulmonary arterial rather than left atrial pressure and pulse form.
Cost-Effectiveness Studies in Endoscopy: Are They Worth it?
Authors: A. V. Sahai
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Cost-effectiveness analysis is currently in great demand. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of endoscopy in comparison with surgical and radiological alternatives for diagnosis and therapy would appear particularly important, since the costs they incur may be substantial. However, several technical and practical issues may limit the perceived value of cost-effectiveness studies and the applicability of their results to daily practice. Despite this, they are likely to be used to make decisions regarding health-care resource allocation. A better understanding of their limitations by all parties involved and active participation by physicians (as opposed to health-care administrators) in their conception and execution should help optimize our ability to provide excellent patient care at a reasonable price.
Androgen pathway stimulates MicroRNA-216a transcription to suppress the tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1 gene in early hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Po-Jen Chen, Shiou-Hwei Yeh, Wan-Hsin Liu, Chen-Ching Lin, Hsuan-Cheng Huang, Chi-Ling Chen, Ding-Shinn Chen, Pei-Jer Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is common in advanced human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the ones involved in early carcinogenesis have not yet been investigated. By examining the expression of 22 HCC-related miRNAs between precancerous and cancerous liver tissues, we found miR-216a and miR-224 were significantly up-regulated, starting from the precancerous stage. Furthermore, the elevation of miR-216a was mainly identified in male patients. To study this gender difference, we demonstrated that pri-miR-216a is activated transcriptionally by the androgen pathway in a ligand-dependent manner and is further enhanced by the hepatitis B virus X protein. The transcription initiation site for pri-miR-216a was delineated, and one putative androgen-responsive element site was identified within its promoter region. Mutation of this site abolished the elevation of pri-miR-216a by the androgen pathway. One target of miR-216a was shown to be the tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1 gene ( TSLC1 ) messenger RNA (mRNA) through the three target sites at its 3′ untranslated region. Finally, the androgen receptor level increased in male liver tissues during hepatocarcinogenesis, starting from the precancerous stage, with a concomitant elevation of miR-216a but a decrease of TSLC1. Conclusion: The current study discovered the up-regulation of miRNA-216a by the androgen pathway and a subsequent suppression of TSLC1 as a new mechanism for the androgen pathway in early hepatocarcinogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid and Astrocytoma
Authors: NAGUIB A. SAMAAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters1 May 1977Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid and AstrocytomaNAGUIB A. SAMAAN, M.D., PH.D., F.R.C.P., F.A.C.P., MICHAEL IBANEZ, M.D., C. STRATTON HILL JR., M.D.NAGUIB A. SAMAAN, M.D., PH.D., F.R.C.P., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, MICHAEL IBANEZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. STRATTON HILL JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-585 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSipple in 1961 (1) reported an endocrine tumor syndrome that is an association between thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma. Later, it was ascertained that this combination of tumors represented a heritable entity that arose from the neuroectoderm. Weichert (2) reviewed the subject and developed a concept that the medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, neurofibroma, and other associated tumors found in patients with multiple endocrine syndrome type 2 are forms of neuroectodermal dysplasia. Since these reports were published, a wealth of literature on the subject has accumulated but to our knowledge no report has been published on the association of medullary...References1. SIPPLE J: The association of pheochromocytoma with carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Am J Med 31:163-166, 1961 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. WEICHERT R: The neural ectodermal origin of the peptide-secreting endocrine glands. Am J Med 49:232-241, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SAMAANBECEIROHILL NJC: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) studies in patients with thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 35:438-443, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. PATTEN B: Human Embryology, 3rd ed. New York, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1968 Google Scholar5. KEYNESTILL WA: Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Q J Med 159:443-456, 1971 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Section of Endocrinology Department of Medicine Department of Pathology The University of Texas System Cancer Center M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute Houston, TX 77030 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPluriglanduläre endokrine RegulationsstörungenMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type II (MEN II)Anaplastic astrocytoma following radiation for a glomus jugulare tumor 1 May 1977Volume 86, Issue 5Page: 585-586KeywordsAstrocytomaDysplasiaEndocrine tumorsMedullary thyroid carcinomaPheochromocytomaThyroid carcinoma Issue Published: 1 May 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Focus on Adolescent Health Enrolls School Helpers
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

AMERICA'S SCHOOLS are about to be enlisted as front-line units in the effort to make more children and adolescents healthier. Added to their educational duties next month will be implementation of a brand-new report entitled<i>A Call to Action</i>. The CDC's Division of Adolescent and School Health is a major player in this joint public and private project. With the National Association of State Boards of Education and the American Medical Association, it has formed the National Commission on the Role of the School and the Community in Improving Adolescent Health. Lloyd Kolbe, PhD, director of this 1 1/2-year-old part of the CDC, says the imperative driving the creation of the division, the commission, and the report is the need to prevent "something of which we as a nation should not be proud—the appalling rate of preventable morbidity and mortality in our 1- to 24-year-old age group due to behaviors."
What is number needed to treat (NNT)?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers tested the effectiveness of supplements during pregnancy on pre-eclampsia in a high risk population. A three arm, randomised, blinded, placebo controlled trial design was used. Intervention was two medical food bars a day containing the supplements L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins, antioxidant vitamins alone, or placebo.1 Participants were pregnant women with a previous pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia, or pre-eclampsia in a first degree relative, and deemed to be at increased risk of recurrence of the disease. Women were studied from week 14-32 of gestation and followed until delivery. In total, 228 women were allocated to L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins, 222 to antioxidant vitamins alone, and 222 to placebo. The primary outcome was development of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Antioxidant vitamins alone showed an observed benefit, but this effect was not significant compared with placebo. The proportion of women with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia was reduced significantly in the L-arginine plus antioxidant vitamins treatment group compared with placebo (absolute risk reduction 0.17 (95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.21). The number needed to treat (NNT) was 5.73 (4.0 to 10.0). The researchers concluded that supplementation during pregnancy with a medical food containing L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins reduced the incidence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in a population at high risk of the condition. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Prognostic indicators in alcoholic cirrhotic men
Authors: C Gluud, J H Henriksen, G Nielsen
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The relationships between portal pressure, liver function and clinical variables on one hand and development of variceal hemorrhage and death on the other were investigated in 58 men with newly diagnosed alcoholic cirrhosis. Portal pressure was determined during hepatic vein catheterization as wedged minus free hepatic vein pressure, and median pressure was 14 mm Hg (range = 3 to 26 mm Hg). Fourteen of 31 patients (45%) had esophageal varices at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (the size being considered large in nine patients). During follow-up (median = 31 months; range = 2 to 51 months), 12 patients (21%) developed variceal hemorrhage. Applying Cox's regression analysis, information about previous variceal bleeding (p = 0.0046), large varices at endoscopy (p = 0.012), hepatic vein pressure gradient (p = 0.0056) and indocyanine green clearance (p = 0.038) all contained significant prognostic information regarding development of variceal hemorrhage, even when easily obtained variables with known prognostic information were included [modified Child-Turcotte's criteria and incapacitation index (a weighted sum of days without normal health)]. During follow-up, 17 patients (29%) died. Applying Cox's regression analysis, large varices at endoscopy (p = 0.012) and hepatic vein pressure gradient (p = 0.019) contained significant prognostic information regarding death, in addition to the information contained in the modified Child-Turcotte's criteria and incapacitation index. In conclusion, prediction of prognosis in alcoholic cirrhotic men may be significantly improved by information about size of esophageal varices and level of portal pressure.
Observations on the Death of the Late Lieutenant-General Dick
Authors: E. Blackmore
Journal: BMJ (1845)

company at dinner the day before his death, and appeared quite well.On the morning of his death, Marchl 13thi, 1844, at the age of eighty, he is said to have complained of slight nauasea, flatulence, and giddiness, so that on reading the family prayers, " the letters seemed to turn round."For this some peppermint water was given by his daughter.At eleven o'clock his butler took a cup of chocolate to him, when he appeared as well as usual, and had smoked his cigar.About a quarter of an hour after mid-day, the servant observed him to be rather pallid, leaning back in the chair, his mouth a little open, the eyes
Transthoracic doppler echocardiographic assessment of intramyocardial artery flow and coronary flow velocity pattern predict wall motion recovery following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tomoko Tani, Kazuaki Tanabe, Motoaki Ibuki, Minako Katayama, Koichi Tamita, Kenji Yamabe, Atsushi Yamamuro, Kunihiko Nagai, Kenichi Shiratori, Shigefumi Morioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Hydroxychloroquine protects the annexin A5 anticoagulant shield from disruption by antiphospholipid antibodies: evidence for a novel effect for an old antimalarial drug
Authors: Jacob H. Rand, Xiao-Xuan Wu, Anthony S. Quinn, Anthony W. Ashton, Pojen P. Chen, James J. Hathcock, Harry A. M. Andree, Douglas J. Taatjes
Journal: Blood (2009)
Attractors – don't get sucked in
Authors: Peter M. Milner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Every immediate memory is unique; it is therefore unlikely to consist of an attractor or even a combination of attractors. In the present state of knowledge about the chemistry of synaptic transmission, there is no reason to look beyond neurons that directly receive sensory afferents for the afterdischarges that correspond to active memories.
The Role of cis-Platinum in Solid-Tumor Therapy
Authors: Lawrence H. Einhorn, Stephen D. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

CIS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM (DDP), a heavy metal co-ordination compound with unique antitumor properties, is the first of this type of compound to undergo extensive clinical testing. It has exhibited noteworthy activity in a broad range of solid tumors and represents a major improvement in therapy of some of these neoplasms.Historical BackgroundIn 1965 Rosenberg, Van Camp, and Krigas,1 while investigating bacterial growth in an electrical field, noted that current delivered between platinum electrodes inhibited replication of Escherichia coli. Subsequently, it was determined that growth inhibition was not due to the electrical current per se but was caused by certain . . .
Pure Air for Cities.
Authors: S. E. Hampton
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Milton, Ky., March 23,1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I believe it is entirely practicable to supply cities with air from an altitude of five hundred to a thousand feet, by means of an upright conical cylinder, a force-and-suction air pump, and pipes leading to sleeping and other apartments in the city. Will you kindly express your opinion upon this subject, and whether it would be of interest to ourAssociationto have the plans and specifications published in ourJournal? Respectfully, <h3>Answer:</h3> —The scheme is practicable. Let us have the plans.