tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Importance of Early Insulin Secretion
Authors: Priscilla A. Hollander, Sherwyn L. Schwartz, Marjorie R. Gatlin, Stephen J. Haas, Hongjie Zheng, James E. Foley, Beth E. Dunning
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—This study compared the effects of nateglinide, glyburide, and placebo on postmeal glucose excursions and insulin secretion in previously diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study was conducted in 152 patients who received either nateglinide (120 mg before three meals daily, n = 51), glyburide (5 mg q.d. titrated to 10 mg q.d. after 2 weeks, n = 50), or placebo (n = 51) for 8 weeks. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide profiles during liquid meal challenges were measured at weeks 0 and 8. At weeks −1 and 7, 19-point daytime glucose and insulin profiles, comprising three solid meals, were measured. RESULTS—During the liquid-meal challenge, nateglinide reduced the incremental glucose area under the curve (AUC) more effectively than glyburide (Δ = −4.94 vs. −2.71 mmol · h/l, P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas glyburide reduced fasting plasma glucose more effectively than nateglinide (Δ = −2.9 vs. −1.0 mmol/l, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In contrast, C-peptide induced by glyburide was greater than that induced by nateglinide (Δ = +1.83 vs. +0.95 nmol · h/l, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and only glyburide increased fasting insulin levels. During the solid meal challenges, nateglinide and glyburide elicited similar overall glucose control (Δ 12-h incremental AUC = −13.2 vs. −15.3 mmol · h/l), but the insulin AUC induced by nateglinide was significantly less than that induced by glyburide (Δ 12-h AUC = +866 vs. +1,702 pmol · h/l, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS—This study demonstrated that nateglinide selectively enhanced early insulin release and provided better mealtime glucose control with less total insulin exposure than glyburide.
Drummer’s Fracture of the Third Metatarsal Bone
Authors: Mel Cusi, Jason Tsung, Fred Nouh, Louise Wong, Robert Mansberg, Hans Van der Wall
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 14-year-old girl presented with a painful right foot. She was an elite water-polo player and could recall no history of specific trauma to the foot. On close and persistent questioning, she admitted to having taken up playing the drums recently, with practice sessions of up to 4 h/d. She used the foot drum with her right foot and had noticed that this was becoming increasingly painful and prevented her playing the instrument for the last 2 days. Plain films of the foot were originally reported as normal, but revised to abnormal after the scintigraphic study. Bone scintigraphy confirmed a stress fracture of the right 3rd metatarsal bone. Stress fractures of the 3rd metatarsal bone are rare with only 2 previous reports in the literature.
Long-term reduction of plasma homocysteine levels by super-flux dialyzers in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Anne Van Tellingen, Muriël P.C. Grooteman, Piet C.M. Bartels, Jacques Van Limbeek, Coen Van Guldener, Piet M. Ter Wee, Menso J. Nubé
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Comparative Longevity of Christian Scientists
Authors: David K. Nartonis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Much as we respect the rigorous standards of<i>JAMA</i>, the recent study entitled "Comparative Longevity in a College Cohort of Christian Scientists"<sup>1</sup>raises questions about the objectivity of the review process in evaluating evidence on an unconventional mode of healing. The study, comparing survival rates among University of Kansas alumni with those among alumni of Principia College (a Christian Science school), was seriously marred by misleading assumptions and incomplete data. The most serious problem stems from the incompleteness of the University of Kansas alumni records, which included current data on only 87% of its graduates from the period under study. The large proportion of unknowns would by itself call into question the validity of any comparative findings. The study compounds the problem with an assumption that is almost certainly invalid: that those Kansas alumni for which the university has no current address "have the same
Antibiotics in Endocarditis due to Nutritionally Deficient Streptococci
Authors: Claudia R. Libertin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Recently, the American Heart Association's Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease 1 gave their recommendations for the treatment of streptococcal endocarditis, including that caused by nutritionally deficient variants. We feel their recommendation of 4 weeks of intravenous penicillin with at least 2 weeks of an aminoglycoside for treatment of endocarditis caused by nutritionally deficient variants deserves comment.  Previous studies 2-4 have demonstrated the isolation of penicillin-resistant strains 5 and that minimal inhibitory concentrations to penicillin of 0.12 μg/mL or greater occur in up to one third of the strains tested. In clinical use, the therapy of penicillin and an aminoglycoside for nutritionally deficient streptococcal endocarditis has resulted in persistently positive blood cultures or positivevalue culture in 38% of the cases reviewed, 5 as compared with the 25% failure rate noted in enterococcal endocarditis. 1 Mortality in patients with nutritionally deficient streptococcal endocarditis who received penicillin
Studying Color Blindness and Other Visions
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

RESEARCH that has identified the genes responsible for color vision has revealed a strong connection among the myriad sensory genes, including those involved in transmitting the sense of smell, regulation of heart rate, processing memory, and thinking. Jeremy Nathans, MD, PhD, assistant professor of molecular biology, embarked on this sensory trail at Stanford (Calif) University, where he and colleagues isolated the genes for three pigment proteins that function as receptors on the cone cells of the retina. The pigment proteins respond to light of different wavelengths to register the colors red, green, and blue. In doing so, they took advantage of a previously isolated gene for bovine rhodopsin, the pigment in rod cells responsible for black-and-white vision. They theorized that the rhodopsin and the three color pigment genes had evolved from a common precursor and that there would be a relatively high degree of homology among the four genes. Thus,
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CANDIDA ALBICANS AND LESIONS OF SEBORRHOEIC ECZEMA
Authors: J. MARTIN BEARE, E. A. CHEESEMAN, D. W. R. MACKENZIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY.— A study of 86 infants aged 2 to 9 months who had sehorrhoeic eczema, and a similar number of clinically unaffected controls, matched for age and sex, shows that for each of 8 external areas of the skin surface the incidence of C. albicans was significantly higher among the infants with the skin disease (the differences ranged from about 8 to 39%). This conclusion was also true when only clinically affected areas of the skin surface were considered but more data are required to discover whether, as is suggested by some of the present data, a similar conclusion is justified when only clinically unaffected areas of the skin surface, of children clinically affected elsewhere, are considered. Of the infants studied, 69% of those with seborrhoeic eczema were infected with C. albicans at one or more areas of the skin surface (including the buccal mucous membrane) compared with 38% of those who had no clinical skin disease. Attention is drawn to the high incidence of C. albicans on the buccal mucous membrane of clinically unaffected infants (31·4% were so infected) and to the fact that the majority of infants infected with C. albicans had the organism either on that site, the margin of the anus, or on both. The implications of these findings for future studies of the nature of the association between C. albicans and lesions of seborrhoeic eczema are emphasized.
SC-24 * IMPROVEMENT OF HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL HOMING IN DELIVERY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO GLIOMA STEM CELL XENOGRAFTS
Authors: C. L. Nilsson, N. C. Wildburger, J. Gumin, R. A. Kroes, J. R. Moskal, Y. Mechref, F. F. Lang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

There is an urgent need to develop novel delivery methods for brain tumors. To this end, we have developed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to overcome the problems associated with traditional therapeutic treatments. Compared with other cellular delivery systems, MSCs may be easily acquired from patients, can be readily expanded and engineered ex vivo, can be auto-transfused without fear of rejection, and are free of ethical concerns. Therefore, MSCs are the ideal cells for therapeutic clinical applications. Defining the process of homing of MSCs to tumors-which is largely unknown-is essential to improve their application in clinical medicine. We have recently exploited glioma stem cell (GSC) xenografts (GSCXs) as a pertinent clinical model of human gliomas, because unlike GBM cell lines, GSCXs recapitulate the histology of the tumor from which they are derived. After intravascular delivery some GSCXs attract MSCs, while others do not. We hypothesized that successful homing of MSCs to GSCXs requires chemoattraction, adhesion to the endothelial wall, and extravasation. Adhesion and extravasation are driven largely by lectin-carbohydrate interactions. Measurements of MSC and GSCX glycogene expression, glycan expression on cell surface proteins, and quantitative proteomics were performed. We compared the molecular landscapes of attracting vs. non-attracting GSCXs. Key findings were the shift from high-mannose type glycosylation on MSCs following exposure to chemoattractants and expression of SIGLEC9 by attractor GSCXs versus expression of SIGLEC8 in non-attractors. Attractor GSCXs displayed down-regulated galactosyltransferase activity, whereas non-attractors were enriched in transcripts related to mannosyltransferases. In attractor GSCXs, kallikrein 4, 13, 14, and 15 were upregulated. These serine proteases are likely to contribute to the modulation of the tumoral extracellular biochemical environment. Results from this project will lead to future engineering strategies to enhance engraftment of MSCs in gliomas, a concept that is likely to have great clinical benefit.
Reversal of postischemic acute renal failure with a selective endothelinA receptor antagonist in the rat.
Authors: M Gellai, M Jugus, T Fletcher, R DeWolf, P Nambi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Studies were designed to examine the effect of a selective endothelinA (ETA) receptor antagonist, BQ123, on severe postischemic acute renal failure (ARF) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Severe ARF was induced in uninephectomized, chronically instrumented rats by 45-min renal artery occlusion. BQ123 (0.1 mg/kg.min) or vehicle was infused intravenously for 3 h on the day after ischemia. Measurements before infusion (24 h control) showed a 98% decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), increase in fractional excretion of sodium from 0.6 to 39%, and in plasma K+ from 4.3 to 6.5 mEq/liter. All vehicle-treated rats died in 4 d because of continuous deterioration of renal function, resulting in an increase of plasma K+ to fatal levels (> 8 mEq/liter). Infusion of BQ123 significantly improved survival rate (75%) by markedly improving tubular reabsorption of Na+ and moderately increasing GFR and K+ excretion. Plasma K+ returned to basal levels by the 5th d after ischemia. Improved tubular function was followed by gradual recovery in GFR and urinary concentrating mechanism. Additional data from renal clearance studies in rats with moderate ARF (30-min ischemia) and in normal rats with intact kidneys showed that ETA receptor blockade increases Na+ reabsorption and has no effect on renal hemodynamics. These results indicate that in the rat, the ETA receptor subtype mediates tubular epithelial function, and it plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced ARF. Treatment with the selective ETA receptor antagonist reverses deteriorating tubular function in established ARF, an effect of possible therapeutic significance.
1325 NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND CORRELATION OF SERUM ALANIN AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT) LEVEL WITH HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS
Authors: S. Khosravi, S.M. Alavian, Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani, A. Zare, S.-M. Fereshtehnejad, S. Taba, Taba Vakili, Narges Ebrahimi Daryani, S. Abdollahzade
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Gastrin in portal and peripheral venous blood after feeding in man
Authors: H. Dencker, R. Hakanson, G. Liedberg, C. Norryd, J. Oscarson, J. F. Rehfeld, F. Stadil
Journal: Gut (1973)

The concentrations of immunoreactive gastrin in serum from portal and peripheral venous blood were determined in 10 patients with indwelling portal catheters before and after feeding. No significant differences were found between the gastrin concentrations in portal and peripheral serum. Gel filtration studies of serum did not reveal any differences between the gastrin components of portal and peripheral venous serum. Since neither the concentrations of immunoreactive gastrin nor the four gastrin components differed between portal and peripheral serum it is suggested that the liver is without effect on gastrin metabolism.
Abstract 1862: Inactivation of P53 by HPV 16/18 E6 proteins in lung cancer is correlated with P53 codon 72 genotypes
Authors: Nan-Yung Hsu, Chih-Yi Chen, Ming-Chih Chou, Ya-Wen Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A polymorphism at codon 72 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is as a possible determinant for cancer risk and particularly carcinomas associated with HPV infection. Our recent report has shown that high-risk HPV 16/18 E6 proteins were associated with p53 protein degradation in lung cancer. To address the relationship of the different p53 genotypes and HPV oncoprotein expression in p53 protein degradation of lung cancer, 141 primary lung cancer patients were included in this study. PCR-RFLP, nested-PCR and immunohistochemial analysis were used to detect the p53 codon 72 polymorphism, HPV 16/18 infection, HPV 16/18 E6 and p53 protein expression. Our data showed that HPV 16/18 E6 protein but not HPV 16/18 DNA were reversely correlated with p53 expression, which was further confirmed by tissue in situ immunostaining. Additionally, the frequency of p53 protein negative expression in HPV 16/18 E6-positive/Arg homozygosity lung cancer tumors is much higher than that in the other three categorizes. This correlation was not found in HPV DNA infection. In conclusion, HPV 16/18 E6 proteins involvement in p53 inactivation to contribute to HPV-infected lung tumorigenesis is correlated with p53 codon 72 genotypes. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1862.
The Polarity Protein Scrib Is Essential for Directed Endothelial Cell Migration
Authors: U. Ruth Michaelis, Emmanouil Chavakis, Christoph Kruse, Benno Jungblut, David Kaluza, Katalin Wandzioch, Yosif Manavski, Heinrich Heide, Marie-Josée Santoni, Michael Potente, Johannes A. Eble, Jean-Paul Borg, Ralf P. Brandes
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Polarity proteins are involved in the apico-basal orientation of epithelial cells, but relatively little is known regarding their function in mesenchymal cells. We hypothesized that polarity proteins also contribute to endothelial processes like angiogenesis. Screening of endothelial cells revealed high expression of the polarity protein Scribble (Scrib). On fibronectin-coated carriers Scrib siRNA (siScrib) blocked directed but not random migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and led to an increased number and disturbed orientation of cellular lamellipodia. Coimmunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assays identified integrin α5 as a novel Scrib interacting protein. By total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, Scrib and integrin α5 colocalize at the basal plasma membrane of endothelial cells. Western blot and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed that silencing of Scrib reduced the protein amount and surface expression of integrin α5 whereas surface expression of integrin αV was unaffected. Moreover, in contrast to fibronectin, the ligand of integrin α5, directional migration on collagen mediated by collagen-binding integrins was unaffected by siScrib. Mechanistically, Scrib supported integrin α5 recycling and protein stability by blocking its interaction with Rab7a, its translocation into lysosomes, and its subsequent degradation by pepstatin-sensitive proteases. In siScrib-treated cells, reinduction of the wild-type protein but not of PSD95, Dlg, ZO-1 (PDZ), or leucine rich repeat domain mutants restored integrin α5 abundance and directional cell migration. The downregulation of Scrib function in Tg(kdrl:EGFP)(s843) transgenic zebrafish embryos delayed the angiogenesis of intersegmental vessels. Scrib is a novel regulator of integrin α5 turnover and sorting, which is required for oriented cell migration and sprouting angiogenesis.
The pathogenic status of yeasts infecting ulcerated legs
Authors: R. J. SMITH, M. P. ENGLISH, R. P. WARIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article The pathogenic status of yeasts infecting ulcerated legs Get access R. J. SMITH, R. J. SMITH Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, United Bristol Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. P. ENGLISH, M. P. ENGLISH Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, United Bristol Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. P. WARIN R. P. WARIN Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, United Bristol Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 6, 1 December 1974, Pages 697–698, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12456.x Published: 01 December 1974 Article history Accepted: 18 May 1974 Published: 01 December 1974
Cerebral Palsy and Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring
Authors: Dermot MacDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Laënnec's invention of the stethoscope in 1806 was soon followed by auscultation of the fetal heart, which was pioneered by Kergaradec. Hoping to hear the fetus crying and splashing about in the womb, Kergaradec heard “beats occurring 143 to 148 times per minute, and the patient's pulse was only 72 beats per minute.” He wondered “whether it would be possible to judge the state of health or disease of the fetus from the variations which occur in the beat of the fetal heart.”1 The publication of An Introduction to the Use of the Stethoscope by Stokes in 18252 popularized the . . .
Evidence That Schizophrenia Risk Variation in the <i>ZNF804A</i> Gene Exerts Its Effects During Fetal Brain Development
Authors: Matthew J. Hill, Nicholas J. Bray
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

Objective The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1344706, located within an intron of the ZNF804A gene, exhibits genome-wide significant association with schizophrenia. Although genotype at rs1344706 is associated with altered functional brain connectivity, the molecular mechanisms mediating its association with schizophrenia have not been clearly defined. Given its location in noncoding sequence, the authors tested association between rs1344706 and ZNF804A expression in adult and fetal human brain. Method Highly quantitative measures of relative allelic expression were used to assess the effect of rs1344706 genotype on the mRNA expression of ZNF804A in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra of the adult human brain and in human brain tissue from the first and second trimester of gestation. Results Genotype at rs1344706 had no significant effect on the regulation of ZNF804A in any of the three adult brain regions examined. In contrast, rs1344706 genotype had a significant effect on ZNF804A allelic expression in second-trimester fetal brain, with the schizophrenia risk (T) allele associated with reduced ZNF804A expression. Conclusions The T allele of rs1344706 is associated with a relative decrease in ZNF804A expression during the second trimester of fetal brain development. These data provide evidence for a schizophrenia risk mechanism that is operational in (and possibly specific to) the fetal brain.
Phenelzine Overdose Treated With Dantrolene Sodium
Authors: Richard F. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THE INGESTION of a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor can induce a complex array of hypermetabolic signs, including hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, generalized muscle rigidity, tachypnea, metabolic acidosis, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia<sup>1</sup>(J. W. Katalavis, MD, oral communication, November 1984). Toxicity of MAO inhibitors has previously been treated with standard therapy, ie, gastric lavage with activated charcoal, magnesium citrate, alkalinization of urine, and general support. Similar fulminant hypermetabolic states, such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and malignant hyperthermia (MH), respond to dantrolene sodium. Although two brief reports have been published,<sup>2,3</sup>there has been no well-documented report of a fulminant hypermetabolic reaction to a MAO inhibitor that was treated with dantrolene sodium. We report a severe case of phenelzine (Nardil) overdose; the patient failed to respond to conventional therapy but dramatically improved with the administration of dantrolene sodium. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 33-year-old, 70-kg, well-developed man with a history of hypertension and
THE DISEASE OF INEBRIETY.ITS STUDY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE EXPERIENCE OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS OF EMINENCE WHO HAVE WORKED IN THIS FIELD OF RESEARCH.
Authors: EDWARD C. MANN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Dr. Wm. C. Wey, of Elmira, N. Y., the President of the New York State Medical Society in 1871 thus expressed himself in a paper on "Inebriety by Inheritance:" "Latterly, as men of science have more closely interrogated the antecedents of inebriety, it has been found to bear such a striking resemblance to the characteristics of mental disease as to possess a claim to be regarded as influenced and governed by the same general laws that bear upon the 'art and mystery' of insanity, to use a phrase employed by Dr. Blandford in his recent lecture on that subject. The transmitted tendency to inebriety has been observed by every intelligent physician of experience in the practice of his profession. As individuals are oftentimes unwilling to acknowledge the existence of insanity in the family line, so is the occurrence of inebriety equally concealed or positively denied. The impression is well-nigh universal,
LE Cell Test and Antinuclear Antibodies
Authors: Edmund L. Dubois
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Since Hargraves' description of the LE cell in 1948, our understanding of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has made rapid strides.1Extensive investigations into the immunological and clinical implications of this finding have greatly changed our concept of the disease and have shown that it is a relatively common disorder.2  It is currently believed that LE cell formation is due to an antibody to nucleoprotein.3Patients with SLE also have many other antibodies, most important and specific of which may be the one against deoxyribonucleic acid.4  Serologic Tests for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus  Antinuclear antibody tests have been extensively studied during the past 12 years. They are useful for the diagnosis of SLE and other autoimmune disorders but their sensitivity and specificity cannot be correlated between laboratories since there are no standard reagents or test sera. Consequently, each laboratory must have its own control studies of the incidence