tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book: Trauma: Culture, Meaning and Philosophy
Authors: D. Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Patrick Bracken Whurr, £21, pp 230 ISBN 1 86156 280 2 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Pat Bracken, who has doctorates in both psychiatry and philosophy, has written a remarkable book. He describes how Western societies now frame the impact of violence and other types of suffering, and questions of responsibility and morality, through the sciences of memory and psychology. Orthodox psychiatry presents us as creatures whose nature lies in the ways our brains are wired and our memories stored. Bracken is critical of the cognitivist view of the brain as a processing machine, in which the meaningful nature of reality is seen as something arising from programmes or schemas running … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
El Nino causes diarrhoea outbreaks
Authors: A. Easton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

El Nino may have begun to affect people's health on both sides of the Pacific Ocean, with an increase in outbreaks of diarrhoea and dehydration.

Higher seasonal temperatures in South America and droughts in South East Asia brought on by El Nino may have led to higher incidences of the disease. Manila in the Philippines and Lima in Peru have experienced marked increases in the number of cases of diarrhoea, mainly among infants and young …
Active stage of autoimmune diabetes is associated with the expression of a novel cytokine, IGIF, which is located near Idd2.
Authors: H Rothe, N A Jenkins, N G Copeland, H Kolb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Recently, interferon-gamma-inducing-factor (IGIF) has been described as a novel monokine that is a more potent interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inducer than IL-12. By cloning IGIF from affected tissue and studying IGIF gene expression, we describe for the first time a close association of this cytokine with an autoimmune disease. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune insulitis and diabetes which can be accelerated and synchronized by a single injection of cyclophosphamide. IGIF mRNA was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase PCR in NOD mouse pancreas during early stages of insulitis. Levels of IGIF mRNA increased rapidly after cyclophosphamide treatment and preceded a rise in IFN-gamma mRNA, and subsequently diabetes. Interestingly, these kinetics mimick that of IL-12p40 mRNA, resulting in a close correlation of individual mRNA levels. Cloning of the IGIF cDNA from pancreas RNA followed by sequencing revealed identity with the IGIF sequence cloned from Kupffer cells and in vivo preactivated macrophages. When extending our study to macrophages of the spleen we observed that NOD mouse macrophages responded to cyclophosphamide with IGIF gene expression while macrophages from Balb/c mice treated in parallel did not. The IGIF gene position is located within the Idd2 interval on mouse chromosome 9 and therefore it is a candidate for the Idd2 susceptible gene. We conclude that IGIF expression is abnormally regulated in autoimmune NOD mice and closely associated with diabetes development.
Meta-analysis of effects and side effects of low dosage tricyclic antidepressants in depression: systematic review
Authors: T. A Furukawa
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To compare the effects and side effects of low dosage tricyclic antidepressants with placebo and with standard dosage tricyclics in acute phase treatment of depression.Systematic review of randomised trials comparing low dosage tricyclics (< or =100 mg/day) with placebo or with standard dosage tricyclics in adults with depression.Relative risk of response in depression (random effects model), according to the original authors' definition but usually defined as 50% or greater reduction in severity of depression. Relative risks of overall dropouts and dropouts due to side effects.35 studies (2013 participants) compared low dosage tricyclics with placebo, and six studies (551 participants) compared low dosage tricyclics with standard dosage tricyclics. Low dosage tricyclics, mostly between 75 and 100 mg/day, were 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.36 to 2.0) and 1.47 (1.12 to 1.94) times more likely than placebo to bring about response at 4 weeks and 6-8 weeks, respectively. Standard dosage tricyclics failed, however, to bring about more response but produced more dropouts due to side effects than low dosage tricyclics.Treatment of depression in adults with low dose tricyclics is justified. However, more rigorous studies are needed to definitively establish the relative benefits and harms of various dosages.
Gallium-67 SPECT Imaging in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: CHRIS RUSH, JERRY STERN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Ga-67 imaging is useful in the investigation of patients suspected of having hepatocellular carcinoma. The gallium image is usually compared with a colloid liver scan, and discordant areas of increased or normal gallium uptake at the site of colloid defects are consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, planar images are often difficult to interpret and SPECT can be used to improve sensitivity and more clearly define the extent of pathology. Two patients were studied who subsequently were proven to have hepatocellular carcinoma. SPECT gallium imaging added information that was unavailable from planar imaging and clearly enhanced confidence in the interpretation of the examinations.
Abnormal "Surfactant" Activity Secondary to Protein Component Alteration.
Authors: James B. McClenahan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Abnormal "Surfactant" Activity Secondary to Protein Component Alteration.James B. McClenahan, M.D., F.A.C.P.James B. McClenahan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1055_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe thin fluid layer lining the pulmonary alveoli contains a protein-lipid (dipalmitoyllecithin) molecule, "surfactant," which is capable of greatly lowering the air-fluid interfacial tension on contraction of the surface. This material permits alveoli of different sizes to exist at the same transpulmonary pressure, prevents atelectasis on expiration, and decreases the work of breathing. Surfactant was obtained from fresh, normal dog lungs by tracheal-alveolar lavage with normal saline and purified by a differential centrifugation, salinegradient technique (Abrams); this material lowered the surface tension to 5 dynes on the modified Wilhelmy balance with contraction of the surface area from 75 cm2to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Palo Alto, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffects of intratracheal installation of dactinomycin on pulmonary edema and phosphatase activity of the lung lavage fluid in rats 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1055-1055KeywordsAlveoliBreathingLungsMembrane proteinsProteinsSaline solutions Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Exposure to Salty Drinking Water in an Arizona Community
Authors: Thomas K. Welty
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A high level of sodium (440 mg/L) in the water supply of Gila Bend, Ariz, caused concern because of apparently elevated rates of hypertension in Gila Bend Papago Indians. We surveyed 342 Gila Bend Papago Indians and 375 non-Indians from July to September 1983. Participants 25 years of age and older were interviewed for health risk factors, water consumption, and dietary sodium and calcium intake and had height, weight, blood pressure, and urinary sodium and potassium levels measured. No consistent associations were found between any of the sodium values and systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Mean blood pressures for the Gila Bend whites were lower in most age groups than in comparison US white populations. The prevalence rates of hypertension in Gila Bend were not significantly higher than national rates. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:622-626)
Gene expression and intracellular pathways involved in endothelial dysfunction induced by VLDL and oxidised VLDL
Authors: G Norata
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objectives: The molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between elevated plasma concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and coronary artery disease remain uncertain. In the present work, we investigated the gene expression pattern and intracellular pathways in human endothelial cells incubated with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Moreover, as VLDL can enter the arterial wall and undergo oxidative modification, we compared the VLDL-induced expression pattern with the one of oxidised VLDL (Ox-VLDL). Methods: Total RNA from endothelial cells incubated with 75 μg/ml VLDL or Ox-VLDL and total RNA from endothelial cells under basal conditions were hybridised to identical microarrays containing 8411 genes. Seven clusters of expression profiles were identified. This pattern was validated by quantitative real-time PCR of selected genes. The intracellular pathway involved in VLDL or Ox-VLDL mediated endothelial responses were also investigated. Results and conclusion: VLDL predominantly activated the ERK1/2 pathway while P38 MAPK was the main target of Ox-VLDL. CREB and NF-KB were activated by both VLDL and Ox-VLDL. Real-time PCR demonstrated that VLDL induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (5.47±1.74 fold), CD38 (2.38±0.23) and transforming growth factor-α (2.51±0.30) expression. Ox-VLDL was found to induce interleukin-15 (2.10±0.48) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (3.19±0.07) expression. In addition, several genes implicated in endothelial cell activation and damage/proliferation were identified by the array analysis. Ox-VLDL was found to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species and exert a cytotoxic effect, while VLDL lacks these effects. These findings confirm the involvement of VLDL and Ox-VLDL in endothelial dysfunction and suggest new genes and molecular mechanisms involved in these actions.
Effect of Orlistat in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin
Authors: John M. Miles, Lawrence Leiter, Priscilla Hollander, Thomas Wadden, James W. Anderson, Michael Doyle, John Foreyt, Louis Aronne, Samuel Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of orlistat, a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor, on body weight, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A 1-year multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 120 mg orlistat t.i.d. (n = 249) or placebo (n = 254) combined with a reduced-calorie diet was conducted in overweight and obese patients with suboptimal control of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS—After 1 year of treatment, mean (±SE) weight loss was greater in the orlistat than in the placebo group (−4.6 ± 0.3% vs. −1.7 ± 0.3% of baseline wt, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Orlistat treatment caused a greater improvement in glycemic control than placebo, as evidenced by a greater reduction in serum HbA1c, adjusted for changes in metformin and sulfonylurea therapy (−0.90 ± 0.08 vs. −0.61 ± 0.08, P = 0.014); a greater proportion of patients achieving decreases in HbA1c of ≥0.5 and ≥1.0% (both P &amp;lt; 0.01); and a greater reduction in fasting serum glucose (−2.0 ± 0.2 vs. −0.7 ± 0.2 mmol/l, P = 0.001). Compared with the placebo group, patients treated with orlistat also had greater decreases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). Although more subjects treated with orlistat experienced gastrointestinal side effects than placebo (83 vs. 62%, P &amp;lt; 0.05), more subjects in the placebo group withdrew prematurely from the study than in the orlistat group (44 vs. 35%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—Orlistat is a useful adjunctive treatment for producing weight loss and improving glycemic control, serum lipid levels, and blood pressure in obese patients with type 2 diabetes who are being treated with metformin.
The Changing Outlook for the Hypertensive Patient
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

Article1 July 1962The Changing Outlook for the Hypertensive PatientIRVINE H. PAGE, M.D., F.A.C.P.IRVINE H. PAGE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-57-1-96 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI deeply appreciate the honor you have given our group that composes the Research Division of the Cleveland Clinic. I think Dr. John Phillips, who is honored by this important award, might be pleased, too, inasmuch as he helped prepare the soil in which some of the research I am about to describe took root.I will try to give you a perspective in this complicated field of arterial hypertension, and to do so I must be brief, not telling the whole story lest you lose the outlines of the broader picture. I will not indulge in false modesty and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, OhioFrom the Research Division, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.Presented as the John Phillips Memorial Lecture at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of The American College of Physicians, April 9-13, 1962, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Irvine H. Page, M. D., Research Division, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 2020 East 93d Street, Cleveland 6, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byControl of Aldosterone SecretionResults of sympathectomy and adrenalectomyFactors influencing the choice of treatment in essential hypertensionRENAL ARTERY STENOSIS WITHOUT RENAL ISCHÆMIA 1 July 1962Volume 57, Issue 1Page: 96-109KeywordsHypertension Issue Published: 1 July 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lymphocyte subsets, phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness of blood lymphocytes, and interleukin 2 production in sarcoidosis.
Authors: E Chailleux, J D Bignon, M A Peyrat, A Godard, J P Soulillou
Journal: Thorax (1985)

To test the possibility that T lymphocyte subset imbalance and interleukin 2 (IL2) play a part in the impairment of cellular immune response in sarcoidosis, the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and alveolar lavage fluid from 21 patients with sarcoidosis was studied, monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 being used. Lectin induced production of IL2 and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated. The percentage of both OKT3+ and OKT4+ T lymphocytes was significantly lower in peripheral blood from patients with sarcoidosis than in control subjects (control 63% and 46%), more so in patients with chronic sarcoidosis (44% and 23%) than in patients with recent sarcoidosis (56% and 38%). PHA induced IL2 production from peripheral blood lymphocytes did not differ between patients with sarcoidosis and control subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between PHA responsiveness and the percentage of blood OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells. Peripheral blood lymphocyte PHA responsiveness was decreased only in patients with an OKT4/OKT8 ratio of less than 1.5. Finally, late addition of exogenous IL2 to the culture medium on day 5 increased 3(H)Tdr incorporation by PHA stimulated blasts in peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal subjects, but not from those of patients with sarcoidosis. The data suggest that the impairment of cellular immune response in patients with sarcoidosis could in part reflect a decrease in the percentage of blood T helper lymphocytes and impaired IL2 receptors at the surface of stimulated lymphocytes.
Urinary tract infection in children How vigorous should investigation be?
Authors: M Brindle, J A Holemans
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - J M Smellie and colleagues concluded that it is essential to identify vesicoureteric reflux early by cystography in infants with antenatal dilatation of the urinary tract, infants and young children after a first urinary tract infection, and siblings and offspring of patients with renal scarring.1 They reiterated that ultrasonographic imaging is inadequate to exclude renal scarring. A paper from Gothenburg confirms that even experienced radiologists frequently fail to find renal scars.2

In general radiological practice plain radiography …
Tumors of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The fascicles of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology are a distinguished series of atlases on many aspects of pathology. This new fascicle on tumors of the nervous system replaces an earlier one on the same subject by Kernohan and Sayre, long out of print. Rubinstein's fascicle is larger than most other publications in the series, with 400 pages and 369 figures, including 15 color plates. The classification of central nervous system tumors is that of Russell and Rubinstein's<i>Pathology of Tumors of the Nervous System</i>. The fascicle supplements but does not replace this classic work. It contains short but very clear and informative descriptions of each sort of tumor and a generous number of carefully chosen references. Its main feature is the illustrations. These include gross photographs, many photomicrographs and such electronmicrographs as are currently available. Frank Mallory once wrote, "the first and greatest secret of good microphotographs is
Patients Who Deceive: Assessment and Management of Risk in Providing Health Care and Financial Benefits
Authors: Ruth M. Lamdan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes2 February 1999Patients Who Deceive: Assessment and Management of Risk in Providing Health Care and Financial BenefitsRuth M. LamdanRuth M. LamdanAllegheny University of the Health Sciences, MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00043 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Pankratz L. 264 pages. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1998. $55.95 clothbound, $41.95 paperback. ISBN 0398068674. Order phone 800-258-8980.Field of medicine: Consultation-liaison psychiatry.Format: Clothbound or paperback book.Audience: Consultation-liaison psychiatrists; risk managers; and health care providers who perform disability evaluations, including general internists, emergency department physicians, and mental health practitioners. General readers interested in medical and psychiatric history and clinical vignettes may also find this book of interest.Purpose: To describe the full spectrum of clinical disorders characterized by the telling of untruths by patients to health care providers—interactions that the author calls “deception”—and their financial sequelae.Content: ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 252KeywordsDisabilitiesEmergency departmentHIVHIV infectionsHealth careHealth care providersHealth insuranceInterleukinsPatientsPsychiatry and mental health ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Targeted nanoparticle delivery overcomes off-target immunostimulatory effects of oligonucleotides and improves therapeutic efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Bo Yu, Yicheng Mao, Li-Yuan Bai, Sarah E. M. Herman, Xinmei Wang, Asha Ramanunni, Yan Jin, Xiaokui Mo, Carolyn Cheney, Kenneth K. Chan, David Jarjoura, Guido Marcucci, Robert J. Lee, John C. Byrd, L. James Lee, Natarajan Muthusamy
Journal: Blood (2012)
COMPARISON OF TRIMETHOPRIM ALONE WITH TRIMETHOPRIM SULPHAMETHOXAZOLE IN THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY AND URINARY INFECTIONS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO SELECTION OF TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE
Authors: R.W. Lacey, H.K.W. Gunasekera, VickiL. Lord, P.J. Leiberman, D.E.A. Luxton
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
The Christian Virtues in Medical Practice
Authors: Stephen G. Post
Journal: JAMA (1996)

One need not be a believer to note the power of religion in shaping the illness experience of patients across cultures and in inclining many health care professionals to altruism over the centuries. In Western medical ethics, the dominant shaping tradition since the fourth century CE happens to be Christianity. Some Western nations are still entirely dominated by it, while in others it has diminished considerably. Edmund D. Pellegrino, MD, and David C. Thomasma, PhD, intellectual collaborators for two decades, have written an apologetic for a Christian medical ethics that invites readers of any persuasion to appreciate the continuing power of faith commitments in shaping professional consciousness. In a successful chapter entitled "Medical Practice and Charity," these authors remind us that the Christian virtue of charity or love quickened the spirit of beneficence in medical practice to a degree that Greco-Roman antiquity did not approach. The factors that now seem
FIP1L1-PDGFRα Induces Stem Cell Factor Dependent Eosinophil and Mast Cell Development from Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cell/Progenitors in Vitro
Authors: Y. Yamada, J.A. Cancelas, A.W. Lee, D.A. Williams, M.E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Transient Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: G. E. BAUER
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Fourteen patients with transient bundle-branch block have been personally studied. All but one suffered from ischemic heart disease commonly accompanied by hypertension. The conduction defect was observed to appear during acute infarction, attacks of prolonged chest pain, and episodes of left ventricular failure. Not infrequently, however, the appearance and disappearance of bundle-branch block was unaccompanied by any recognizable change in the patient's physical condition. Bundle-branch block may revert to normal intraventricular conduction after many years. In one patient bundle-branch block disappeared on three separate occasions after having been present for over 12 months. Another patient is described in whom normal conduction returned after left bundle-branch block had been established for a record duration of 6 years. The etiology, prognosis, and pathogenesis of transient bundle-branch block have been discussed and the practical importance of this conduction defect in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction is mentioned.