tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ALS and Neurotoxins
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
412 The importance of nasal allergen specific IgA and eosinophils in seasonal allergic rhnitis
Authors: M BUBAK, P WENTZMURTHA, S DUNNETTE, M KEUTING, N WALLEN, D WEILER, J BUTTERFIELD, J BLOMGRCN, M PFENNING, G GLEICH
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)
Analysis of T cell receptor variability in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from a human regressive melanoma. Evidence for in situ T cell clonal expansion.
Authors: L Ferradini, A Mackensen, C Genevée, J Bosq, P Duvillard, M F Avril, T Hercend
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Malignant melanomas are often infiltrated by T lymphocytes. It is postulated that the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) reflects ongoing immune responses against transformed cells. Such "responses" appear generally inefficient with the potential exception of infrequent clinical situations characterized by spontaneous tumor regression. We have characterized here the molecular structure of the T cell receptor beta chain expressed by TILs in a case of regressive melanoma. Advantage was taken of the PCR technology to study T lymphocytes directly without cell culture. Experimentally validated V beta subfamily specific primers were used to evaluate the V beta usage in TILs and control samples. Our results reveal that clonal T cell populations, precisely defined by their V-D-J junctional sequences, are amplified at the tumor site. The existence of such local antigen-driven selections support the hypothesis that antitumor responses may indeed take place in regressive melanoma.
Preparation of Quantum Dot/Drug Nanoparticle Formulations for Traceable Targeted Delivery and Therapy
Authors: Ken-Tye Yong, Yucheng Wang, Indrajit Roy, Hu Rui, Mark T. Swihart, Wing-Cheung Law, Sang Kyu Kwak, Ling Ye, Jianwei Liu, Supriya D. Mahajan, Jessica L. Reynolds
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

Quantum dots (QDs) are luminescent nanocrystals with rich surface chemistry and unique optical properties that make them useful as probes or carriers for traceable targeted delivery and therapy applications.QDs can be functionalized to target specific cells or tissues by conjugating them with targeting ligands.Recent advancement in making biocompatible QD formulations has made these nanocrystals suitable for in vivo applications.This review provides an overview of the preparation of QDs and their use as probes or carriers for traceable, targeted therapy of diseases in vitro and in vivo.More specifically, recent advances in the integration of QDs with drug formulations for therapy and their potential toxicity in vitro and in vivo are highlighted.The current findings and challenges for optimizing QD/drug formulations with respect to optimal size and stability, short-term and long-term toxicity, and in vivo applications are described.Lastly, we attempt to predict key trends in QD/drug formulation development over the next few years and highlight areas of therapy where their use may provide breakthrough results in the near future.
Tuberculous Endometritis Diagnosed 12 Days after Abortion
Authors: K. H. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1962)

ABSTRACT  Rhizobia form a symbiotic relationship with plants of the legume family to produce nitrogen-fixing root nodules under nitrogen-limiting conditions. We have examined the importance of glutathione (GSH) during free-living growth and symbiosis of Sinorhizobium meliloti. An S. meliloti mutant strain (SmgshA) which is unable to synthesize GSH due to a gene disruption in gshA, encoding the enzyme for the first step in the biosynthesis of GSH, was unable to grow under nonstress conditions, precluding any nodulation. In contrast, an S. meliloti strain (SmgshB) with gshB, encoding the enzyme involved in the second step in GSH synthesis, deleted was able to grow, indicating that γ-glutamylcysteine, the dipeptide intermediate, can partially substitute for GSH. However, the SmgshB strain showed a delayed-nodulation phenotype coupled to a 75% reduction in the nitrogen fixation capacity. This phenotype was linked to abnormal nodule development. Both the SmgshA and SmgshB mutant strains exhibited higher catalase activity than the wild-type S. meliloti strain, suggesting that both mutant strains are under oxidative stress. Taken together, these results show that GSH plays a critical role in the growth of S. meliloti and during its interaction with the plant partner.
GASTROSCOPY: A NEW METHOD FOR INTRODUCTION OF THE GASTROSCOPE
Authors: Gordon F. Helsley
Journal: JAMA (1924)

That it is possible to introduce a straight tube from the mouth into the stomach is well known, and numerous workers have sought to utilize this fact to secure a visual examination of the interior of the stomach. Ingenious instruments have been devised for this purpose, notably the gastroscope of Eisner and its modification by Schindler.<sup>1</sup>While not all the problems have been solved, endoscopic examination of the stomach gives information of great value and conceivably may come to occupy the same position in gastro-enterology that cystoscopy holds in urology. In the hands of such a one as Schindler, who is doing gastroscopies daily, the introduction of his instrument is expeditiously performed without serious inconvenience to the patient. However, I noted in Schindler's clinic that the passage through the hiatus esophageus of the diaphragm, where the axis of the esophagus turns sharply to the left, was usually accomplished against
182 Circulating levels of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and portal, systemic, renal hemodynamics and activation of neurohormonal systems in cirrhosis
Authors: C.M. Fernandez Rodriguez, J. Romero, T.J. Petros, M.L. Gutierrez, P. Lopez Serrano, J.L. Lledo, J.M. Walker
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Is DAS28 an appropriate tool to assess remission in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: H Makinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objectives:</b> To study which cut off point of DAS28 corresponds to fulfilment of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) preliminary remission criteria, and clinical remission criteria in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <b>Methods:</b> All adult patients diagnosed with RA at Jyväskylä Central Hospital 1997–98 were assessed for remission at 5 years. Remission was defined as (<i>a</i>) ARA remission; (<i>b</i>) clinical remission (defined as no tender or swollen joints and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate). DAS28 was used to measure disease activity. A receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was performed to calculate a cut off point of DAS28 that best corresponds to the ARA remission criteria and the clinical remission criteria. <b>Results:</b> 161 patients (mean age 57 years, 107 (66%) female, 98 (61%) with positive rheumatoid factor, and 51 (32%) with erosions) were studied. At 5 years, 19 (12%) patients met the ARA remission criteria, and 55 (34%) met the clinical remission criteria. The cut off value of DAS28 was 2.32 for the ARA remission criteria, and 2.68 for the clinical remission criteria. In patients with DAS28 &lt;2.32, 11/57 (19%) had tender joints, 6/57 (11%) had swollen joints, and 4/57 (7%) had both tender and swollen joints (66 joint count). <b>Conclusion:</b> In this study the DAS28 cut off point for the ARA remission was lower than in previous studies. The cut off point for DAS28 remission remains controversial. A substantial proportion of patients below the DAS28 cut off point for remission have tender or swollen joints, or both. DAS28 may not be an appropriate tool for assessment of remission in RA.
Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk of Heart Failure Events
Authors: Baris Gencer, Tinh-Hai Collet, Vanessa Virgini, Douglas C. Bauer, Jacobijn Gussekloo, Anne R. Cappola, David Nanchen, Wendy P.J. den Elzen, Philippe Balmer, Robert N. Luben, Massimo Iacoviello, Vincenzo Triggiani, Jacques Cornuz, Anne B. Newman, Kay-Tee Khaw, J. Wouter Jukema, Rudi G.J. Westendorp, Eric Vittinghoff, Drahomir Aujesky, Nicolas Rodondi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure recommend investigating exacerbating conditions such as thyroid dysfunction, but without specifying the impact of different thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) levels. Limited prospective data exist on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and heart failure events. Methods and Results— We performed a pooled analysis of individual participant data using all available prospective cohorts with thyroid function tests and subsequent follow-up of heart failure events. Individual data on 25 390 participants with 216 248 person-years of follow-up were supplied from 6 prospective cohorts in the United States and Europe. Euthyroidism was defined as TSH of 0.45 to 4.49 mIU/L, subclinical hypothyroidism as TSH of 4.5 to 19.9 mIU/L, and subclinical hyperthyroidism as TSH &lt;0.45 mIU/L, the last two with normal free thyroxine levels. Among 25 390 participants, 2068 (8.1%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 648 (2.6%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, risks of heart failure events were increased with both higher and lower TSH levels ( P for quadratic pattern &lt;0.01); the hazard ratio was 1.01 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–1.26) for TSH of 4.5 to 6.9 mIU/L, 1.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.84–3.23) for TSH of 7.0 to 9.9 mIU/L, 1.86 (95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.72) for TSH of 10.0 to 19.9 mIU/L ( P for trend &lt;0.01) and 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.88–1.95) for TSH of 0.10 to 0.44 mIU/L and 1.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.72) for TSH &lt;0.10 mIU/L ( P for trend=0.047). Risks remained similar after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion— Risks of heart failure events were increased with both higher and lower TSH levels, particularly for TSH ≥10 and &lt;0.10 mIU/L.
The Lead-Miners of Derbyshire: And their Diseases
Authors: W. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1857)

THE Derbyshire miner is indeed subjected to many hardships and numberless privations, unknown to persons engaged in work above ground; he is exposed to a great variety of acci- dents, and obliged oftentimes to labour for hours in a con- strained and stooping posture, in an atmosphere very deficient in oxygen, and highly charged with carbonic acid and other unwholesome gases-his groove clothes, at the same time, fre- quently sticking to the skin from wet, and his whole body drenched in moisture.Yet he is not the fragile, puny, and delicate creature, which a consideration of his daily circum- stances, occupation, and habits, might suggest; but a moder- ately hale, robust, and vigorous individual.This is probably owing in part to the custom observed, I believe, throughout the mineral field of this county, of employing the men only six or eight hours at a shift, and to their taking, except under certain circumstances, only one shift in the twenty-four hours.Much is likewise due to the men in this matter; for when unoccupied in mineral concerns, which they must generally be for six or eight hours per diem, they for the most part engage themselves in out-door labour and employment.Many miners have small plots of ground, where they keep a cow or cows, the
Haemodynamic adaptation to exercise in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation
Authors: R. THOMPSON, I. ROSS, P. LESLIE, R. EASTHOPE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Thirty-six patients with severe aortic regurgitation and 10 normal subjects underwent radionuclide angiography to examine the cardiovascular adaptations to exercise. Patients were sub-divided into four groups based on the directional change of ejection fraction with exercise. Group A (15 patients) showed normal ejection fraction at rest and peak exercise (0.65 +/- 0.05 and 0.73 +/- 0.06 respectively). Group D (six patients) showed significant abnormalities in left ventricular function at rest with further deterioration during exercise (0.44 +/- 0.09 to 0.35 +/- 0.07 respectively). In patients with good left ventricular function left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume decreased progressively with exercise and at peak exercise end-systolic volume was within normal limits. In patients with poor left ventricular function both end-diastoic and end-systolic volume progressively increased with exercise. Both net and total stroke volume were significantly higher at rest in patients with normal left ventricular function but net stroke volume increased with exercise only in those with good myocardial function and was quantitatively similar to that seen in normal subjects. The severity of aortic regurgitation as judged by regurgitant fraction was reduced during exercise in all except four patients, by an average of 22% in all groups. The major factor determining increasing cardiac output with exercise was found to be the status of myocardial function. Although reduction in the severity of aortic regurgitation may favourably influence distribution of stroke volume in those with normal myocardial function, it failed to contribute significantly to increasing cardiac output in those with poor left ventricular function.
Lesson of the week: When "NAI" means not actually injured
Authors: C. Mayes, C. Macleod
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Non-accidental injury is a diagnosis that must be kept in mind by all health professionals who deal with children. The characteristic features of non-accidental injury are well known.1 We describe a previously unreported case of congenital melanocytic naevi presenting as scalp bruising in an infant with features in the history suggestive of abuse. This case emphasises the need for a cautious, open minded approach to this difficult subject even when the initial history and examination are highly suspicious.

JD presented to his general practitioner at the age of 3 months with a one week history of bruising to both parietal areas of the scalp. The doctor initially reassured the mother and sent her home. An anonymous telephone call to social services resulted in a second visit that same day with a social worker in attendance, and an urgent referral to a consultant paediatrician was arranged with a suspected diagnosis of non-accidental injury. The mother was insistent that she had not harmed the child in any way and was clearly distraught that such an allegation had been made. In hospital the mother stated that the bruises had been caused by the infant rolling his head from side to side in an unpadded car seat. She could not, however, describe a …
Perceptions of open access publishing: interviews with journal authors
Authors: Sara Schroter, Leanne Tite, Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To explore authors9 attitudes towards open access publishing and author charges, their perceptions of journals that charge authors, and whether they would be willing to submit to these journals. <b>Design</b> Semistructured telephone interviews. <b>Participants</b> 28 randomly selected international authors who submitted to the <i>BMJ</i> in 2003. <b>Results</b> Authors were more aware of the concepts of open access publishing and author pays models than previously reported. Almost all authors supported the concept of open access, but few had submitted to an open access journal, other than the <i>BMJ</i>. Reasons for not submitting included lack of awareness of which journals publish with open access, and journal quality taking a higher priority in decision making than the availability of open access. Authors disliked the idea of author charges without institutional support and were concerned about implications for authors from developing countries and those without research funding. However, many said they would probably continue to submit to journals they perceived as being of high quality even if they charged authors. <b>Conclusions</b> Authors consider perceived journal quality as more important than open access when deciding where to submit papers. New journals with open access may need to do more to reassure authors of the quality of their journals.
BMJ launches soap opera
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Martha Millstone, a domineering surgeon, is due to take centre stage in the BMJ 's new weekly soap opera, starting on 29 November.

Ms Millstone is clinical director at Murkton Moor, a failing NHS trust, which has just been the subject of a visit from the Commission for Health Improvement. Unfortunately for the trust, the man from the commission found a dead body—by the cupboard …
Letter: Fibrinolysis and venous thrombosis.
Authors: I C Gordon-Smith, J A Hickman
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In your article you stress that genitourinary medicine should not be confused with urology, and would not encroach on the realm of urology.In spite of this you im- mediately state that the work of genito- urinary physicians could "expand to include infertility and other diseases of the genitourinary tract when appropriate."This could only be seen as an encroachment on the realm of the urologist.May I stress again the deep concern which the council and members of the British Association of Urological Surgeons feel regarding the change of title.In a recent issue of the B.M.7. a junior post in genitourinary medi- cine was advertised under "Venereology."Surely this is an anachronism.It would appeair that the time is now opportune for the whole subject to be dis- cussed logically not only by the Royal College of Physicians but in association with the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases, and more particularly with the British Association of Urological Surgeons.-Iam, etc.,
The Papanicolaou Test and Screening for Cervical Cancer-Reply
Authors: R. Marshall Austin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The review of the literature by Drs Vasilev and Scott regarding the effectiveness of the Pap test is limited and misleading. Probably the  comprehensive, recent, governmentsponsored expert review on this question was performed by the Office of Technology Assessment and published in 1990. 1 The review concluded most sensitivity rates reported in the literature are between 56% and 95%—far from the figure of 20% to 35% cited by Vasilev and Scott from a flawed meta-analysis. 2 A subsequent letter to the editor in the American Journal of Epidemiology also pointed out how the study underestimated Pap test sensitivity. 3 Even the authors of the meta-analysis concede there is good evidence that Pap test screening is effective. 2 Most studies suggest that approximately half of the false-negative results relate to inadequate sampling procedures, 4 a limitation that can be considerably improved with use of modern endocervical brush devices, of a
A MODIFIED FORM OF TEST-CARD AND TEST-LETTER.
Authors: ELMER G. STARR
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The importance of painstaking care and accuracy in determining the refraction of the eye is well understood by the ophthalmologist of to-day. Indeed, in America, those in the front rank in every department of medicine recognize the great value, for the relief of many disturbing conditions, of accurately correcting refractive errors. Any suggestions which may render results more certain are of value, and the careful ophthalmologist will spare no effort to reach a decision as nearly correct as possible, well knowing that what appears to be a slight error in the measurement of any eye's refraction may render valueless the work of making the measurement, and cause a failure of his attempt to relieve a patient of some distressing condition. The question of illumination, the position of test types with reference to patient and light, and even the arrangement of the case of test lenses, all are worthy of attention.
Book Review Sleep Apnea: Current Diagnosis and Treatment (Progress in Respiratory Research. Vol. 35.) Edited by Winfried J. Randerath, Bernd M. Sanner, and Virend K. Somers. 243 pp., illustrated. Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 2006. $171. 978-3-8055-8049-6
Authors: Gary S. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Endoplasmic reticulum polymers impair luminal protein mobility and sensitize to cellular stress in alpha<sub>1</sub>‐antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Adriana Ordóñez, Erik L. Snapp, Lu Tan, Elena Miranda, Stefan J. Marciniak, David A. Lomas
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Point mutants of alpha1-antitrypsin (α1AT) form ordered polymers that are retained as inclusions within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes in association with neonatal hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These inclusions cause cell damage and predispose to ER stress in the absence of the classical unfolded protein response (UPR). The pathophysiology underlying this ER stress was explored by generating cell models that conditionally express wild-type (WT) α1AT, two mutants that cause polymer-mediated inclusions and liver disease (E342K [the Z allele] and H334D) and a truncated mutant (Null Hong Kong; NHK) that induces classical ER stress and is removed by ER-associated degradation. Expression of the polymeric mutants resulted in gross changes in the ER luminal environment that recapitulated the changes observed in liver sections from individuals with PI*ZZ α1AT deficiency. In contrast, expression of NHK α1AT caused electron lucent dilatation and expansion of the ER throughout the cell. Photobleaching microscopy in live cells demonstrated a decrease in the mobility of soluble luminal proteins in cells that express E342K and H334D α1AT, when compared to those that express WT and NHK α1AT (0.34 ± 0.05, 0.22 ± 0.03, 2.83 ± 0.30, and 2.84 ± 0.55 μm2/s, respectively). There was no effect on protein mobility within ER membranes, indicating that cisternal connectivity was not disrupted. Polymer expression alone was insufficient to induce the UPR, but the resulting protein overload rendered cells hypersensitive to ER stress induced by either tunicamycin or glucose depletion. Conclusion : Changes in protein diffusion provide an explanation for the cellular consequences of ER protein overload in mutants that cause inclusion body formation and α1AT deficiency.
IMPACT OF RECURRENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: LONG–TERM ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FOLLOW–UP STUDY
Authors: Kitae Kim, Shuichiro Kaji, Takeshi Kitai, Atsushi Kobori, Natsuhiko Ehara, Makoto Kinoshita, Tomoko Tani, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)