tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interplay of hepatic and myeloid signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in facilitating liver regeneration via tempering innate immunity
Authors: Hua Wang, Ogyi Park, Fouad Lafdil, Kezhen Shen, Norio Horiguchi, Shi Yin, Xin‐Yuan Fu, George Kunos, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Liver regeneration triggered by two-thirds partial hepatectomy is accompanied by elevated hepatic levels of endotoxin, which contributes to the regenerative process, but liver inflammation and apoptosis remain paradoxically limited. Here, we show that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an important anti-inflammatory signal, is activated in myeloid cells after partial hepatectomy and its conditional deletion results in an enhanced inflammatory response. Surprisingly, this is accompanied by an improved rather than impaired regenerative response with increased hepatic STAT3 activation, which may contribute to the enhanced liver regeneration. Indeed, conditional deletion of STAT3 in both hepatocytes and myeloid cells results in elevated activation of STAT1 and apoptosis of hepatocytes, and a dramatic reduction in survival after partial hepatectomy, whereas additional global deletion of STAT1 protects against these effects. Conclusion: An interplay of myeloid and hepatic STAT3 signaling is essential to prevent liver failure during liver regeneration through tempering a strong innate inflammatory response mediated by STAT1 signaling. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
Influence of peritubular protein on solute absorption in the rabbit proximal tubule. A specific effect on NaCl transport.
Authors: C A Berry, M G Cogan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The effect of removal of peritubular protein on the reabsorption of various solutes and water was examined in isolated rabbit proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) perfused in vitro. In 22 PCT perfused with ultrafiltrate (UF) and bathed in serum, volume absorption (Jv) was 1.44 nl/mm per min and potential difference (PD) was -3.6 mV. When these same PCT were bathed in a protein-free UF, Jv was reduced 38% without a change in PD. Simultaneous measurements of total CO2 net flux (JTCO2) and glucose efflux (JG) showed that less than 2% of the decrease in JV could be accounted for by a reduction in JTCO2 and JG, suggesting that removal of peritubular protein inhibited sodium chloride transport (JNaCl). Therefore, in eight additional PCT, JNaCl was measured, in addition to PD, Jv, JG, and JTCO2. In these PCT, the decrease in total solute transport induced by removal of bath protein was 201.7 +/- 37.5 posmol/mm per min. JG decreased slightly (9.1 +/- 3.9 posmol/mm per min); NaHCO3 transport did not change (9.2 +/- 6.6 posmol/mm per min); but JNaCl decreased markedly (160.6 +/- 35.7 posmol/mm per min). 80% of the decrease in Jv could be accounted for by a decrease in JNaCl. In 13 additional PCT perfused with simple NaCl solutions, a comparable decrease in Jv and JNaCl was observed when peritubular protein was removed without an increase in TCO2 backleak. In summary, removal of peritubular protein reduced Jv and JNacl, but did not significantly alter PD, JG, JTCO2, or TCO2 backleak. The failure to inhibit JG and JTCO2, known sodium-coupled transport processes, indicates that protein removal does not primarily affect the Na-K ATPase pump system. Furthermore, since PD and TCO2 backleak were not influenced, it is unlikely that protein removal increased the permeability of the paracellular pathway. We conclude that protein removal specifically inhibits active transcellular or passive paracellular NaCl transport.
NMDA Receptors Subserve Persistent Neuronal Firing during Working Memory in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Min Wang, Yang Yang, Ching-Jung Wang, Nao J. Gamo, Lu E. Jin, James A. Mazer, John H. Morrison, Xiao-Jing Wang, Amy F.T. Arnsten
Journal: Neuron (2013)
A public hospital closes. Impact on patients' access to care and health status
Authors: A. B. Bindman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We studied the impact of the closing of a public hospital on patients' access to care and health status. We surveyed individuals who had been medical inaptients at Shasta General Hospital, Redding, Calif, in the year prior to its closing and compared them with those in a second county, San Luis Obispo, whose public hospital did not close. Surveys were administered after the closing of Shasta General Hospital and 1 year later. We assessed outcomes using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form and a series of transition questions that asked about changes in health over time. Data were available for 88% of patients at 1 year: 219 from Shasta County and 195 from San Luis Obispo County. At follow-up, the percentage of patients from Shasta County who reported no regular provider increased from 14.0 to 27.7 and the percentage who reported they were denied care rose from 10.8 to 16.9. Meanwhile, patients in San Luis Obispo County reported improved access to a regular provider and the level of denied care was unchanged. Patients in Shasta County had significant declines on the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form in health perception, social and role function, and increases in pain as compared with those patients in San Luis Obispo County. The closing of a public hospital had a significant effect on access to health care and was associated with a decline in health status. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2899-2904)
A cultural revolution in the making?
Authors: R. Higgs
Journal: BMJ (1990)

What must it have been like to be the first person to be taught to use a fork, or the party official who received Margaret Thatcher's application for membership? Nowadays it is every Sunday news hack's job to spot the incipient revolution or the first stirrings of a new trend. Claims come by the dozen, but wave upon wave beaches itself and is forgotten. In that sense K W M Fulford's Moral Theory and Medical Practice could just be the latest book on medical :/ ethics: but I think it is much more than that. I shall stick my neck out. When it comes to thinking about the purpose and practice of medicine, Dr Fulford has something really new to say and a potentially revolutionary approach. Mind you, it takes some getting at; but even if I've missed some of the subtleties I hope this is the shape of things to come.
COMBINED TRANYLCYPROMINE-TRIFLUOPERAZINE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH AGITATED DEPRESSIONS
Authors: STANLEY LESSE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

The tranylcypromine-trifluoperazine combination is of definite benefit in the treatment of patients with severe agitated depressions. In the author's experience this combination represents the only psychopharmacologic antidepressant that is of proven worth in this particular very prevalent clinical group. While others have reported that this combination has been of benefit in the treatment of chronic, regressed and withdrawn patients(4) and in chronic refractory schizophrenics(5), I have not found this to be true. To the contrary, this combination is of benefit primarily in patients with a marked increase in psychomotor activity.
THE NATIONAL CRY.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Unrest, criticism and grumbling are the accompaniments and heritage of every war. These symptoms of war fever have been unusually well developed during the war just ended, and they will be discussed for a long time after the treaty of peace has been signed. After an uninterrupted reign of peace for more than thirty years, the war cloud that came upon us so suddenly and unexpectedly provoked a commotion among the people unparalleled in degree and extent since the War of the Rebellion. All eyes were turned in the direction of the seat of war, and the contents of our enterprising and prolific newspapers were devoured with an eagerness unknown in any other country. It is strange that with all this great national unrest the current of commerce and business pursued its natural course. While our troops were engaged in war in foreign lands, the tilling of the soil the
The origin of the amniote sensory and motor cortices
Authors: Fernando Martinez-Garcia
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

A rigorous cladistic analysis of the dorsal pallium of amniotes indicates that the stem amniote lacked sensorimotor areas. Reptiles apparently acquired a visual cortex by parcellation from the multimodal, hippocampal-like mediodorsal pallium of stem amniotes. The high number of sensory areas of the mammalian isocortex might derive from the specific properties it shows, such as growth-promoting influence on thalamic axons.
An event that changed my life
Authors: Geoffrey Marsh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

have pleural adhesions can be approached through the axilla with the patient sitting on a stool and the image intensifier rotated for an anteroposterior projection.Occasionally a lateral approach is not possible, in which case anterior chest wall puncture in a sitting patient is required in the second or even first intercostal space (fig 12).Small pigtail drains of 8-10 French gauge with locking suture devices are the most commonly placed radiological catheters in our department.They are cosmetically acceptable, more comfortable than large bore 20 or 28 French gauge tubes, and are easier to site satisfactorily in small air collections.In addition, small bore catheters have been shown to be as effective as larger drains in the treatment of pneumothorax. 2Traction on small non-sutured catheters by the drain bottle may, however, lead to progressive extrusion, with prolapse of side holes.If such drains are used, they should be well supported with tape and adhesive dressing.A securing suture should be placed around the catheter if the drain is to be placed for a long period (more than 24 hours) or the patient is uncooperative.
Chemokines: role in inflammation and immune surveillance
Authors: B Moser
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Chemotactic migration of leucocytes largely depends on adhesive interaction with the substratum and recognition of a chemoattractant gradient. Both aspects, cell adhesion and chemotaxis, are regulated by members of the family of chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) comprising structurally related and secreted proteins of 67-127 amino acids in length. Breakdown in the control of leucocyte mobilisation contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases and, hence, interference with chemokine function is a promising approach for the development of novel anti-inflammatory medication. Chemokines target all types of leucocyte, including haematopoietic precursors, mature leucocytes of the innate immune system as well as naive, memory, and effector lymphocytes. The combinatorial diversity in responsiveness to chemokines ensures proper tissue distribution of distinct leucocyte subsets under normal and inflammatory/pathological conditions. Here, we discuss recent views on the role of chemokines in controlling tissue localisation of human memory T cells under steady state (non-inflamed) conditions. Emphasis is placed on a concept describing distinct subsets of memory T cells according to their primary residence in peripheral blood, secondary lymphoid tissues, or peripheral (extralymphoid) tissues.
Atrial Fibrillation and Death After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Patricia Jabre, Xavier Jouven, Frédéric Adnet, Gabriel Thabut, Suzette J. Bielinski, Susan A. Weston, Véronique L. Roger
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexists with myocardial infarction (MI), yet its prognostic influence is disputed. Prior reports studied the relationship of AF during early hospitalization for acute MI to the risk of death and could not address the timing of AF in relation to the MI (ie, before, during, after). Furthermore, as data come mostly from clinical trials, their applicability to the community is uncertain. The aims of our study were to assess the occurrence of AF among MI patients, determine whether it has changed over time, and quantify its impact and the impact of its timing on mortality after MI. Methods and Results— This was a community-based cohort of 3220 patients hospitalized with incident (first-ever) MI from 1983 to 2007 in Olmsted County, MN. Atrial fibrillation was identified by diagnostic codes and ECG. Outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular death. Atrial fibrillation before MI was identified in 304 patients, and 729 developed AF after MI (218 [30%] within 2 days, 119 [16%] between 3 and 30 days, and 392 [54%] &gt;30 days post-MI). The cumulative incidence of AF after MI at 5 years was 19% and did not change over the calendar year of MI (the incidence of AF was the same regardless of when the MI occurred). During a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, 1638 deaths occurred. AF was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 3.77 [3.37 to 4.21]), independently of clinical characteristics at the time of MI and heart failure. This risk differed markedly according to the timing of AF, and was the greatest for AF occurring &gt;30 days post MI (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.63 [1.37 to 1.93] for AF within 2 days, 1.81 [0.45 to 2.27] for AF between 3 and 30 days, and 2.58 [2.21 to 3.00] for AF &gt;30 days post MI). Conclusions— In the community, AF is frequent in the setting of MI. Atrial fibrillation carries an excess risk of death, which is the highest for AF developing &gt;30 days after MI.
Functionalized nanospheres for targeted delivery of paclitaxel
Authors: Jared Bushman, Asa Vaughan, Larisa Sheihet, Zheng Zhang, Marius Costache, Joachim Kohn
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)

Targeted delivery of anti-cancer agents to cancer cells is a mature line of investigation that has yet to realize its full potential. In this study we report on the development of a delivery platform with the future goal of merging two thus far parallel methods for selective elimination of cancer cells: targeted nanospheres and pretargeted radioimmunotherapy. Several clinical trials have shown the promise of pretargeted radioimmunotherapy, which leverages the specificity of antibodies for targeted cell populations and delivers a localized dose of a biotinylated radionuclide that is most often administered following binding of a biotinylated antibody and streptavidin (StA) to the target cells. The work presented here describes the development of biotinylated nanospheres based on an ABA-type copolymer comprised of a tyrosine-derived oligomer as the B-block and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) A-blocks. The biotinylated nanospheres encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX) to the same extent as unbiotinylated nanospheres. Efficacy of targeting was shown on CD44 positive cells in the SUM159 breast cancer cell line by incubating the cells sequentially with a biotinylated anti-CD44 antibody, StA and the biotinylated nanospheres encapsulating PTX. Targeted nanospheres achieved the half maximal inhibitory concentration of PTX on SUM159 cells at a 5-10 fold lower concentration than that of PTX applied in either non-targeted nanospheres or free drug approaches. Moreover, targeted nanospheres selectively eliminated CD44 positive SUM159 cells compared to free PTX and untargeted nanospheres. This new generation of nano-sized carrier offers a versatile platform that can be adopted for a wide variety of drug and target specific applications and has the potential to be combined with the clinically emerging method of pretargeted radioimmunotherapy.
Development of Angiography and Cardiovascular Catheterization
Authors: Edward A. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1977)

"Die Methode macht alles aus." This is a well-written account of the development of two important categories of technique. Doby has correctly implied that the intravascular manipulation incident to angiography such as cardiac catheterization is equal in importance to angiography itself. He traces methods that observe appearance or function of the interior of the cardiovascular system, from Hippocrates and Galen to our present time. The development of our knowledge of the vascular system is thus documented in a scholarly fashion. Angiography, as we know it, awaited the clinical application of Roentgen's discovery. Except for sporadic attempts, the interior of the blood vessels and of the heart were not visualized until the 1920s and 1930s, after the techniques for most of the other organ systems had been well standardized. It is remarkable to find in so scholarly a work such warm and lively portrayals of the people involved in this work—their
Prophylaxis for Deep-Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Joseph I. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Oster et al<sup>1</sup>. inThe Journalof Jan 9,1987, needs to be questioned regarding its conclusions. The authors themselves point out that there are questions about the internal and external validity of the studies they analyzed, but based their conclusions on six assumptions (Table 1 of the article) that were never, in fact, true for most studies. They tell us in two separate places that prophylaxis saves lives. On the other hand, they also tell us quite frankly that "no prophylactic agent, to the best of our knowledge, has been shown in a randomized controlled trial to reduce the risk of fatal PE [pulmonary embolism] in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery." Those of us who are in clinical practice are well aware of the difficulty in establishing a diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis and differentiating it from other causes of postoperative swelling and pain in
The Effect of Etanercept on Lung Leukocyte Margination and Fibrin Deposition after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Barry Dixon, Roger Smith, Duncan J. Campbell, Antony Tobin, Andrew E. Newcomb, Alexander Rosalion, Kenneth Opeskin, Helen Carter, David A. Scott, John D. Santamaria
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)
Diagnostic Whole-Body Scanning Before Radioiodine Therapy for Pulmonary Metastases of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Yasushi Tachi, Shingo Iwano, Katsuhiko Kato, Masanori Tadokoro, Shinji Naganawa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Radioiodine therapy improves the survival of patients with pulmonary metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). It is controversial whether the diagnostic whole-body I-131 scan (DWS) before therapy is essential. We determined whether DWS could predict the efficacy of I-131 therapy for pulmonary metastases.We undertook a retrospective review of records of 42 patients (28 women and 14 men, mean age 52.7 years). The patients had received 62 rounds of I-131 therapy for lung metastases of DTC at our institution between June 2002 and June 2006. On the same day that the DWS (dose of 185 MBq) (5 mCi) was completed, the patient received I-131 therapy (dose of 3700-7400 MBq) (100-200 mCi). Post-therapy whole-body scans (PWS) were performed after 3 to 4 days and 7 to 8 days. For all therapies, chest CT images were obtained before I-131 therapy, and 3 and 6 months after therapy for evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness. In addition, serum thyroglobulin (Tg) values were measured before and after the radioiodine therapy for all treatments.In the group demonstrating I-131 accumulation for pulmonary metastases on DWS, 72% of patients showed a reduction of pulmonary metastases on follow-up CT. On the other hand, in the group that failed to accumulate I-131 on DWS, only 5% of patients showed a reduction of pulmonary metastases. After therapy, serum Tg levels decreased significantly in the group that initially showed accumulation of I-131 in DWS (P = 0.045). In contrast, no remarkable changes between pre- and post-therapy Tg levels were observed in patients who failed to accumulate I-131 in DWS.A whole-body I-131 diagnostic scan before I-131 therapy has a predictive value for the efficacy of therapeutic radioiodine treatment for pulmonary metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer.
Is "efficient" and "painless" screening worth the candle?
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2009)

My elderly relative recently received an invitation on a letterhead entitled “Life Line Screening: the Power of Prevention” for the same package of tests referred to by Warlow.1 She had been made extremely anxious by the letter and thought she would go along “just to be on the safe side.” The letter had a postscript: “Your friends and family are welcome to have these tests even if they haven’t received a letter. Please tell a friend or a loved one—you may just save a life.”

Eighteen months ago a patient of mine was invited for “thermographic breast screening” at her private gym. Having recently …
Toward Optimal Estrogen-Replacement Therapy
Authors: Robert L. Rosenfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Some of the many paradoxes about estrogen therapy are addressed by Ross et al. in this issue of the Journal.1 Their studies consider the optimal dose of ethinyl estradiol to promote growth, and they are relevant to a more general question: Why is the outcome of the usual estrogen therapy often less satisfactory than that of normal feminization?Many of our problems with estrogen treatment can be understood from a historical perspective. Early researchers did not have ready access to indexes more sophisticated than uterine weight. Estrogen doses that greatly stimulated uterine growth were found to inhibit somatic growth. . . .
Identification of spore allergens from the indoor mould <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i>
Authors: D. Benndorf, A. Müller, K. Bock, O. Manuwald, O. Herbarth, M. Von Bergen
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Indoor mould growth and dampness are associated with respiratory health effects and allergies and several studies demonstrated that mainly Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium expansum are responsible for indoor mould exposure. In contrast, commercialized test systems to diagnose allergic reactions to this mould species are not available. In this study, allergenic proteins from spores of the indoor relevant species A. versicolor and P. expansum should get detected and identified.We used two-dimensional (2D)-gel electrophoresis of spore proteins and immunoblotting with sera from patients participating in an epidemiologic study about indoor exposure of moulds and their influence on the development of allergies (ESTERSPEGA). Sera were screened for IgE antibodies specific for proteins from A. versicolor, A. fumigatus and P. expansum in one-dimensional blots and in 2D immunoblots. From the 2D gels, the corresponding spots were picked and identified by mass spectrometry.More than 20 allergens from A. versicolor were identified; in particular, seven major allergens were selected, which were detected by more than 90% of the positive sera. The most abundant allergen was glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, followed by an unnamed protein, which displays a high homology to sobitol/xylose reductase. The other allergens were identified as catalase A, hypothetical protein AN6918.2, enolase, hypothetical protein AN0297.2 and a protein with homology to a fungal malate dehydrogenase.The results indicate an important role of spore proteins from A. versicolor for sensitization against indoor moulds and identification of the major allergens might enable species-specific diagnosis of allergic reactions.