tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What to Do About Legionella?
Authors: Paul H. Edelstein
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Pneumonia caused by<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>and other<i>Legionella</i>species is recognized to occur worldwide, in sporadic, endemic, and epidemic form.<sup>1</sup>The importance of recognizing this group of diseases is that they are treated best with antibiotics not usually administered for common types of pneumonia and that an environmental source of the bacteria is usually implicated in endemic and epidemic disease. There is now good evidence that decontamination of potable water sources, heat-exchange devices, or both, using heating, chlorination, or both, can end outbreaks of legionnaires' disease.<sup>2-4</sup>Thus, it seems that early disease recognition and specific treatment will result in fewer deaths, less morbidity, and possibly even the cessation of a previously unrecognized epidemic. With this knowledge, Muder and colleagues (p 3184) have determined that clinically unsuspected<i>Legionella</i>pneumonia in a private hospital can be detected by looking for it intensively, using specific laboratory tests. For the purposes of
Toward a Restorative Medicine—The Science of Care
Authors: James C. Harris
Journal: JAMA (2009)

“The most common criticism made at present by older practitioners is that young graduates have been taught a great deal about the mechanism of disease, but very little about the practice of medicine—or to put it more bluntly, they are too “scientific” and do not know how to take care of patients . . . The good physician knows his patients through and through, and his knowledge is bought dearly. Time, sympathy, and understanding must be lavishly dispensed, but the reward is to be found in that personal bond which forms the greatest satisfaction of the practice of medicine. One of the essential qualities of the clinician is interest in humanity, for the secret of the care of the patient is in caring for the patient.”See PDF for full text of the original JAMA article.
USE OF SECOND GENERATION DES DOES NOT IMPROVE THE LONG-TERM OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN COMPARISON TO FIRST GENERATION DES
Authors: Wojciech Wojakowski, Wojciech Wanha, Tomasz Roleder, Beata Ochala, J. Dola, Beata Morawiec, Aleksandra Pluta, Kamil Marcinkiewicz, Andrzej Ochala, Damian Kawecki, Michal Tendera
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Secretary of state for health declines to promote free distribution of smoke alarms
Authors: I. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—A recent paper in the New England Journal of Medicine1 on a topic of direct relevance to the Health of the Nation's targets for reducing accidents2 stimulated a parliamentary question that received a rather disappointing response from the Department of Health.

Residential fires are the second commonest cause of accidental death of children in Britain: each year about 70 children die as a result of residential fires in England and Wales.3 Observational epidemiological studies indicate that smoke alarms are effective in preventing …
Role of sarcolemmal KATP channels in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Masashi Suzuki, Norihito Sasaki, Takashi Miki, Naoya Sakamoto, Yuki Ohmoto-Sekine, Masaji Tamagawa, Susumu Seino, Eduardo Marbán, Haruaki Nakaya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Recently it has been postulated that mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels rather than sarcolemmal KATP (sarcKATP) channels are important as end effectors and/or triggers of ischemic preconditioning (IPC). To define the pathophysiological significance of sarcKATP channels, we conducted functional experiments using Kir6.2-deficient (KO) mice. Metabolic inhibition with glucose-free, dinitrophenol-containing solution activated sarcKATP current and shortened the action potential duration in ventricular cells isolated from wild-type (WT) but not KO mice. MitoKATP channel function was preserved in KO ventricular cells. In anesthetized mice, IPC reduced the infarct size in WT but not KO mice. Following global ischemia/reperfusion, the increase of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during ischemia was more marked, and the recovery of contractile function was worse, in KO hearts than in WT hearts. Treatment with HMR1098, a sarcKATP channel blocker, but not 5-hydroxydecanoate, a mitoKATP channel blocker, produced a deterioration of contractile function in WT hearts comparable to that of KO hearts. These findings suggest that sarcKATP channels figures prominently in modulating ischemia/reperfusion injury in the mouse. The rapid heart rate of the mouse (>600 beats per minute) may magnify the relative importance of sarcKATP channels during ischemia, prompting caution in the extrapolation of the conclusions to larger mammals.
Individual foraging specializations in marine mammals: Culture and ecology
Authors: Richard C. Connor
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Rendell and Whitehead argue persuasively that individual foraging specializations, if socially learned, are examples of cetacean culture. However, they discount ecological variation experienced by individuals within a population as a factor in such behavior. I suggest that ecological variation may play an important role in individual foraging specializations and describe several ecological parameters that may help us understand the high frequency of this interesting behavior in the marine habitat.
Pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis: a pharmaco‐economic approach
Authors: S. Simoens, G. Laekeman
Journal: Allergy (2008)

This article reports on a systematic literature review of the costs of allergic rhinitis (AR), the economic value of pharmacotherapy of AR, and the factors affecting costs and economic value of pharmacotherapy. Included studies had carried out a cost-of-illness analysis, cost analysis, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility or cost-benefit analysis. Allergic rhinitis imposes a substantial economic burden on society, with indirect costs of productivity loss being larger than the direct healthcare costs. Cost estimates were biased because of difficulties of diagnosis; exclusion of patients who do not seek healthcare; exclusion of over-the-counter medication; difficulties in estimating productivity loss. There is limited evidence on costs of seasonal/perennial and intermittent/persistent AR. Little is known of the economic value of pharmacotherapy of AR, although levocetirizine appears to be cost-effective as compared with placebo. Economic evaluations suffered limitations from small sample sizes, short trial duration, lack of standardized effectiveness measure, restricted scope of costs. Finally, the economic value of pharmacotherapy of AR is influenced by the perspective of the economic evaluation, relative effectiveness and costs of available drugs, patient compliance with treatment.
Accumulation of aluminium in chronic renal failure due to administration of albumin replacement solutions.
Authors: E R Maher, E A Brown, J R Curtis, M E Phillips, B Sampson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

that reported by McIntyre in industry.23McIntyre suggested that about one half of cases were undisclosed, and our study supports this.According to Scambler and Hopkins, only one in 10 people with epilepsy always disclosed their disability.4As Gloag pointed out, "people fear... that their job applications will not be considered on their merits if they admit a history of epilepsy and.. their medical history will not be assessed by anyone knowledgeable."5How might things be improved?One way is to establish guidelines that distinguish between how prospective new employees with epilepsy and employees who develop epilepsy are dealt with.In the first case the employer should state clearly ifparticular jobs are unsuitable for people with epilepsy.Espir suggested that people should be rejected on medical grounds only after a medical examination.5In our view this examination should be undertaken by an occupational physician as it is on his advice that the employer relies.Guidelines would be beneficial to all those working in the NHS and ought to ensure a uniform procedure.There are undoubtedly some posts within the NHS that are unsuitable for people with epilepsy, particularly those that entail direct responsibility for the lives or safety of patients or other employees.If onset of epilepsy occurs after the start of employment a full assessment must be made by the occupational physician in consultation with the employee's medical adviser.Recommendations should be made on the individual merits of each case.Every effort should be made to modify the demands of the post so that it is safe for the employee to continue in it or to find him suitable alternative work.Each employee with epilepsy should be regularly reviewed by the occupational physician so that he can give advice on matters related to work, monitor progress, and allay the anxiety of the employer.
Psychometric Characteristics of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire: A Replication Study&lt;footref rid="foot01"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/footref&gt;
Authors: Ellert R.S. Nijenhuis, Philip Spinhoven, Richard van Dyck, Onno van der Hart, Johan Vanderlinden
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; The present study aimed to replicate the results of previous studies concerning the development of two versions of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire. The SDQ-20 evaluates the severity of somatoform dissociative phenomena, and the SDQ-5 is a dissociative disorders screening instrument. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Thirty-one patients with dissociative disorders and 45 consecutive psychiatric outpatients with other DSM-IV diagnoses completed the SDQ-20 and SDQ-5 as well as the Dissociation Questionnaire which measures psychological dissociation. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Mokken scale analysis showed that the items of the SDQ-20 are strongly scalable on a latent unidimensional scale. Internal consistency was high. The SDQ-20 convergent validity was supported by high intercorrelations with the DIS-Q. Dissociative patients obtained significantly higher scores than comparison patients. Patients with dissociative identity disorder scored significantly higher compared to patients with dissociative disorder nos. Sensitivity (94%) and specificity (98%) of the SDQ-5 were very satisfactory, as were, at an estimated prevalence rate of dissociative disorders of 10% among psychiatric patients, positive predictive value (84%) and negative predictive value (99%). &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; All results replicated the first findings, and therefore corroborate the conclusion that the SDQ-20 and SDQ-5 are instruments of sound psychometric quality, and that somatoform dissociative phenomena are core symptoms of complex dissociative disorders.
Abstract 9: An angiogenic function for E-cadherin in ovarian cancer
Authors: Maggie Kei Shuen Tang, Alice Sze Tsai Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The loss of E-cadherin, a cell-cell adhesion molecule, is a well-established marker for metastasis of cancer. Although E-cadherin is synthesized as a transmembrane molecule, it can be cleaved of the ectodomain and released in a soluble form (sE-cad), and this accounts a key mechanism for a rapid reduction of functional E-cadherin at the cell surface. Yet, very little is known about how this important protein dictates the metastasis of these tumors. In ovarian cancer, a highly metastatic tumor that is rapidly lethal, sE-cad is highly expressed in the serum and metastatic ascites of ovarian carcinoma patients. Despite many studies focused on the role of E-cadherin loss in weakening cell-cell adhesion, whether sE-cad has biological activity in itself remain virtually unknown. Here we show for the first time that sE-cad can transduce angiogenic signals. sE-cad was also present in the culture supernatant of ovarian cancer lines. sE-cad of supernatant and a recombinant sE-cad-Fc chimera potently stimulated the migration of, permeability, and tubulogenesis by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. sE-cad also promoted functional neovascularization in a Matrigel implant model in vivo. These effects could be reversed by neutralizing anti-sE-cad, confirming that the effects were sE-cad specific. In addition, we found that sE-cad bound to VE-cadherin, an effect mediated through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-β-catenin pathway. These results unravel a new and important piece to the complex biology of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and provide insights of novel mechanisms regulating angiogenesis (This study was supported by RGC grant HKU781013). Citation Format: Maggie Kei Shuen Tang, Alice Sze Tsai Wong. An angiogenic function for E-cadherin in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 9. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-9
Effects of small pulsed nanocurrents on cell viability in vitro and in vivo: Implications for biomedical electrodes
Authors: Michael Gabi, Michael E. Bullen, Irina Agarkova, Dörthe Schmidt, Roman Schoenauer, Chad Brokopp, Maximilian Y. Emmert, Alexandre Larmagnac, Takumi Sannomiya, Benedikt Weber, Markus J. Wilhelm, Janos Vörös, Simon P. Hoerstrup
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Head Injuries in Children
Authors: A. W. Craft, D. A. Shaw, N. E. F. Cartlidge
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Two-hundred children with head injury admitted consecutively to paediatric wards in the two main hospitals in Newcastle upon Tyne have been studied. Eight children required neurosurgical operation. There were two deaths. Details of the cause and consequences of the accidents have been analysed and an attempt has been made to identify psychological or physical factors that may predispose to injury. There was a slightly higher proportion of children with what are regarded as adverse personality factors among the head injuries than in a control group and there were more left-handed children than would be expected in the general population. The results suggest that the modern "high-rise" bicycle may carry a special risk of head injury.
Mutations in the voltage-gated potassium channel gene KCNH1 cause Temple-Baraitser syndrome and epilepsy
Authors: Cas Simons, Lachlan D Rash, Joanna Crawford, Linlin Ma, Ben Cristofori-Armstrong, David Miller, Kelin Ru, Gregory J Baillie, Yasemin Alanay, Adeline Jacquinet, François-Guillaume Debray, Alain Verloes, Joseph Shen, Gözde Yesil, Serhat Guler, Adnan Yuksel, John G Cleary, Sean M Grimmond, Julie McGaughran, Glenn F King, Michael T Gabbett, Ryan J Taft
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Rate of Disappearance of Endogenous Insulin from the Circulation after Removal of Insulinomas
Authors: B. J. Boucher, R. J. Frankel, P. Walters, M. Abel
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In two patients with insulinomas a rapid rate of disappearance of insulin from the circulation was found after the tumours had been removed. In a third case the rate of disappearance was slower but the insulin was not immunologically identical to normal human insulin standards, as it was in the other two cases.
Clinical Manifestations of Trichomoniasis in Men
Authors: John N. Krieger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis among sexually active men. Design: Survey of two groups of men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Subjects had a comprehensive sexual history and clinical examination plus cultures for Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Participants: The study included 147 sexual partners of women with trichomoniasis and 300 subjects selected randomly from heterosexual men coming to the same clinic for evaluation of new problems. Main Outcome Measures: Isolation of T. vaginalis was compared with urogenital signs and symptoms. Results: The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 33 of 147 (22% [95% CI, 16% to 29%]) among sexual contacts of women with trichomoniasis and 17 of 300 (6% [CI, 3% to 9%]) among heterosexual men attending the same clinic. Men with trichomoniasis alone were more likely to complain of urethral discharge (P < 0.01), to have discharge on examination (P < 0.03), and to have inflammatory cells in their urethral secretions (P < 0.01) than were men who did not have T. vaginalis, N. gonorrhoeae, or C. trachomatis. Trichomonas vaginalis remained associated with nongonococcal nonchlamydial urethritis (adjusted odds ratio 3.8; CI, 1.1 to 11.2) after adjustment for race, age, number of sex partners in the previous 6 months, exposure to a partner with trichomoniasis, and history of trichomoniasis, urethritis, or gonorrhea. Conclusions: Trichomoniasis was common among men at risk for sexually transmitted diseases and was associated with symptoms and signs of urethritis.
MCP-1 synthesis by diisocyanate antigen stimulated PBMCs is a more sensitive in vitro assay for diisocyanate asthma than specific antibodies
Authors: Zana L Lummus, André Cartier, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Johanne Côté, Jean-Luc Malo, Mark Wanner, Joanne Milot, Jocelyne L'Archevéque, David I Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Surgical Emergency Cases — Endoscopic Treatment
Authors: N. Soehendra, A. Knipper, P. Eckert
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

For gastrointestinal surgery endoscopy gains more and more importance. Besides the desired improvement of pre-, intra- and postoperative diagnosis multiple therapeutic procedures proved to be practicable. Of special interest are those methods, which can be used successfully in emergency cases. Here the foreign body dislodgement, the stopping of hemorrhage and the introduction of tubes in cases of ileus or dehiscence of the suture have to be mentioned. The endoscopic treatment is very often a complementary or palliative one and not so much an alternative. These methods are applied to patients at high risk.
Prevalence, Vascular Distribution, and Multiterritorial Extent of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in a Middle-Aged Cohort
Authors: Leticia Fernández-Friera, José L. Peñalvo, Antonio Fernández-Ortiz, Borja Ibañez, Beatriz López-Melgar, Martín Laclaustra, Belén Oliva, Agustín Mocoroa, José Mendiguren, Vicente Martínez de Vega, Laura García, Jesús Molina, Javier Sánchez-González, Gabriela Guzmán, Juan C. Alonso-Farto, Eliseo Guallar, Fernando Civeira, Henrik Sillesen, Stuart Pocock, José M. Ordovás, Ginés Sanz, Luis Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero, Valentín Fuster
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Data are limited on the presence, distribution, and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged populations. Methods and Results— The PESA (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) study prospectively enrolled 4184 asymptomatic participants 40 to 54 years of age (mean age, 45.8 years; 63% male) to evaluate the systemic extent of atherosclerosis in the carotid, abdominal aortic, and iliofemoral territories by 2-/3-dimensional ultrasound and coronary artery calcification by computed tomography. The extent of subclinical atherosclerosis, defined as presence of plaque or coronary artery calcification ≥1, was classified as focal (1 site affected), intermediate (2–3 sites), or generalized (4–6 sites) after exploration of each vascular site (right/left carotids, aorta, right/left iliofemorals, and coronary arteries). Subclinical atherosclerosis was present in 63% of participants (71% of men, 48% of women). Intermediate and generalized atherosclerosis was identified in 41%. Plaques were most common in the iliofemorals (44%), followed by the carotids (31%) and aorta (25%), whereas coronary artery calcification was present in 18%. Among participants with low Framingham Heart Study (FHS) 10-year risk, subclinical disease was detected in 58%, with intermediate or generalized disease in 36%. When longer-term risk was assessed (30-year FHS), 83% of participants at high risk had atherosclerosis, with 66% classified as intermediate or generalized. Conclusions— Subclinical atherosclerosis was highly prevalent in this middle-aged cohort, with nearly half of the participants classified as having intermediate or generalized disease. Most participants at high FHS risk had subclinical disease; however, extensive atherosclerosis was also present in a substantial number of low-risk individuals, suggesting added value of imaging for diagnosis and prevention. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01410318.
Polyvalent vaccines for optimal coverage of potential T-cell epitopes in global HIV-1 variants
Authors: Will Fischer, Simon Perkins, James Theiler, Tanmoy Bhattacharya, Karina Yusim, Robert Funkhouser, Carla Kuiken, Barton Haynes, Norman L Letvin, Bruce D Walker, Beatrice H Hahn, Bette T Korber
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Unstimulated release of endothelium derived relaxing factor is independent of mitochondrial ATP generation
Authors: T M GRIFFITH, D H EDWARDS, A H HENDERSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Unstimulated release of endothelium derived relaxing factor is independent of mitochondrial ATP generation Get access T M GRIFFITH, T M GRIFFITH **From the Departments of Radiology, University of Wales College of Medicine. Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D H EDWARDS, D H EDWARDS **From the Departments of Radiology, University of Wales College of Medicine. Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A H HENDERSON A H HENDERSON **From the Departments of Radiology, University of Wales College of Medicine. Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 8, August 1987, Pages 565–568, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.8.565 Published: 01 August 1987 Article history Received: 02 July 1986 Accepted: 15 February 1987 Published: 01 August 1987
Imaging for Sinusitis
Authors: Roger P. Harrie
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Mafee<sup>1</sup>has summarized the benefits of the computed tomographic (CT) scan in the evaluation of paranasal disease. He feels that this is the diagnostic procedure of choice for patients with complicated acute sinusitis, but implies that a plain-film sinus series is adequate for uncomplicated sinusitis. Unfortunately, disease of the ethmoid sinuses is often missed on plain roentgenograms. Andrew and Swart<sup>2</sup>found six patients to have significant ethmoidal sinusitis on CT scans who all had previously "normal" plain-film radiographs of the sinuses. I have found ultrasound to be a valuable screening technique for this blind spot between roentgenographic and CT detection of ethmoid sinus disease. Most nonophthalmologists are unaware of the value of orbital A-scan ultrasound in the detection of sinus disease, especially the ethmoid sinuses. Bockmann et al<sup>3</sup>found a good correlation between echography and plain-film roentgenograms vs sinus "proof puncture" of the
A Vulnerable Period for Ventricular Tachycardia Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: G. A. Wolff, F. Veith, B. Lown
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Following ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in dogs, low energy shocks delivered in the ventricular vulnerable period result in ventricular tachycardia—VT(υp). These disorders degenerate to ventricular fibrillation. VT(υp) can be reverted to sinus rhythm with transthoracic shocks of less than 1 Wsec. Within 7 days after infarction, VT(υp) can no longer be evoked. Similar arrhythmias have been noted in men with acute myocardial infarction.
315 HEPATITIS E IN HAEMATOLOGY: A RISK OF SEVERE THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENTS AND PROLONGED HEPATITIS IN PATIENTS WITH HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
Authors: E. Fourquet, S. Tavitian, J.-M. Mansuy, C. Bureau, A. Huynh, J.-P. Vinel, J. Izopet, C. Récher, J.-M. Péron
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)