tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rubella screening and immunisation of schoolgirls: results six to seven years after vaccination.
Authors: H Zealley, E Edmond
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A long term follow-up study was carried out of girls given RA27/3 or Cendehill rubella vaccine in their 13th-14th year compared with a group of girls who had been found to be naturally immune at the age. A high proportion of the girls in all groups had persistent rubella antibody six to seven years after inclusion in the study, although some of these would have been considered to be susceptible to rubella by methods currently in use for screening for rubella antibody. Great care should be taken in interpreting the efficiency of the schoolgirl immunisation policy in the United Kingdom; women in their childbearing years who may have received vaccine but are found by a screening test to be seronegative should be retested by a more sensitive procedure before a final report is made.
Transgenic mice containing a human heavy chain immunoglobulin gene fragment cloned in a yeast artificial chromosome
Authors: Ted K. Choi, Paul W. Hollenbach, Barbara E. Pearson, Roanna M. Ueda, Gregory N. Weddell, Carole G. Kurahara, Clive S. Woodhouse, Robert M. Kay, Jeanne F. Loring
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Antigen-specific TIL therapy for melanoma: a flexible platform for personalized cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Sander Kelderman, Bianca Heemskerk, Mireille Toebes, Marit van Buuren, Nienke van Rooij, Laura Bies, Lorenzo Fanchi, Lothar Germeroth, Pia Kvistborg, Ton Schumacher
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for melanoma has shown to be an effective treatment modality with clinical responses in approximately 50% of stage IV disease patients. However, durable complete responses are observed in only a small proportion (10-20%) of patients. Recent data have
Treatment of Profound Hypothermia
Authors: David E. Welton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

MANY lives were lost due to accidental hypothermia during the severe winters of 1977 and 1978. The alcoholic, the trauma victim, and the elderly with underlying medical disorders are at risk of losing consciousness outdoors and therefore are prone to the development of this medical emergency.<sup>1</sup> Severe hypothermia depresses the CNS, the medullary respiratory center, and the cardiovascular system.<sup>2</sup>The profoundly hypothermic patient is comatose and hyporeflexive. Ventilatory drive is reduced, resulting in hypoxemia. Respiratory arrest occurs at temperatures of less than 24<sup>°</sup>C (75<sup>°</sup>F). In addition, there is hypotension due to low cardiac output and cardiac abnormalities such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, conduction defects, premature ventricular contractions, and junctional rhythms. The ECG may show T-wave inversion and prolonged PR, QRS, and QT intervals as well as the unique "J" wave at the end of the QRS complex<sup>3</sup>(Figure). In patients with moderate
Comparison of reliability of tests to distinguish upper from lower urinary tract infection.
Authors: G H Schardijn, L W Statius van Eps, W Pauw, C Hoefnagel, W J Nooyen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The results of scintiphotography with gallium-67 (67Ga), renography with technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid, immunofluorescence of antibody coated bacteria, and determination of renal beta 2 microglobulin excretion were compared in 19 patients with upper and 15 patients with lower urinary tract infection. All patients with acute pyelonephritis showed an appreciable unilateral or bilateral uptake of 67Ga and an increased excretion of beta 2 microglobulin, whereas immunofluorescence of antibody coated bacteria yielded positive results in only 10. In patients with lower urinary tract infections excretion of beta 2 microglobulin and uptake of 67Ga were always normal, whereas immunofluorescence of antibody coated bacteria was positive in three cases. Scintiphotography with 67Ga and determination of renal beta 2 microglobulin excretion are currently the most reliable non-invasive methods of detecting acute pyelonephritis.
THE NORMAL AND PATHOLOGIC HISTOLOGY OF THE AORTIC AND MITRAL VALVES.
Authors: JOHN HOMANS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

At the suggestion of Dr. Councilman, we have undertaken in the last few years the study of the aortic and mitral valves from hearts of different ages, representing both normal and pathologic conditions. The study was undertaken in the first place to obtain more definite ideas of the normal structure of the valves, particularly the amount and relation of different tissues entering into their composition; further, to determine the period at which degenerative lesions first appear in the valves and the relation of these degenerations to the different tissues; and finally, to study the relation between such degenerative changes and acute infections. The work will be considered under these heads: 1. Normal structure of valves and normal variations of structure with age. 2. Degenerative lesions. 3. Acute infections in relation to degenerative lesions. <h3>TECHNIC.</h3> The specimens were obtained from autopsies on 42 hospital patients, varying in age
CD24 polymorphisms affect risk and progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Dongling Li, Linghua Zheng, Lei Jin, Yuesu Zhou, Haiying Li, Junliang Fu, Ming Shi, Peishuang Du, Lizhong Wang, Hao Wu, Guo-Yun Chen, Pan Zheng, Yang Liu, Fu-Sheng Wang, Shengdian Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract T-cell immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) is involved in both viral clearance and the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma following chronic HBV infection. It is therefore of great interest to analyze whether genetic polymorphism of genes involved in the immune response may determine the outcomes of chronic HBV infection. Here we report that CD24 polymorphisms affect the risk and progression of chronic HBV infection. Thus the CD24 P170 T allele, which is expressed at a higher level, is associated with an increased risk of chronic HBV infection. Among the chronic HBV patients this allele shows recessive association with more rapid progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison to the P170 C allele. In contrast, a dinucleotide deletion at position 1527–1528 (P1527 del ), which reduces CD24 expression, is associated with a significantly reduced risk of chronic HBV infection. To confirm the role for CD24 in liver carcinogenesis, we compared the size of liver tumor developed in CD24 −/− and CD24 +/− HBV transgenic mice. Our data demonstrate that targeted mutation of CD24 drastically reduced the sizes of spontaneous liver cancer in the HBV transgenic mice. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that genetic variation of CD24 may be an important determinant for the outcome of chronic HBV infection. (Hepatology 2009.)
Explaining the cardiovascular risk associated with rheumatoid arthritis: traditional risk factors versus markers of rheumatoid arthritis severity
Authors: Daniel H Solomon, Joel Kremer, Jeffrey R Curtis, Marc C Hochberg, George Reed, Peter Tsao, Michael E Farkouh, Soko Setoguchi, Jeffrey D Greenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Cardiovascular (CV) disease has a major impact on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, the relative contributions of traditional CV risk factors and markers of RA severity are unclear. The authors examined the relative importance of traditional CV risk factors and RA markers in predicting CV events. Methods A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the setting of the CORRONA registry in the USA. Baseline data from subjects with RA enrolled in the CORRONA registry were examined to determine predictors of CV outcomes, including myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack. Possible predictors were of two types: traditional CV risk factors and markers of RA severity. The discriminatory value of these variables was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c-statistic) in logistic regression. The authors then assessed the incidence rate for CV events among subjects with an increasing number of traditional CV risk factors and/or RA severity markers. Results The cohort consisted of 10 156 patients with RA followed for a median of 22 months. The authors observed 76 primary CV events during follow-up for a composite event rate of 3.98 (95% CI 3.08 to 4.88) per 1000 patient-years. The c-statistic improved from 0.57 for models with only CV risk factors to 0.67 for models with CV risk factors plus age and gender. The c-statistic improved further to 0.71 when markers of RA severity were also added. The incidence rate for CV events was 0 (95% CI 0 to 5.98) for persons without any CV risk factors or markers of RA severity, while in the group with two or more CV risk factors and three or more markers of RA severity the incidence was 7.47 (95% CI 4.21 to 10.73) per 1000 person-years. Conclusions Traditional CV risk factors and markers of RA severity both contribute to models predicting CV events. Increasing numbers of both types of factors are associated with greater risk.
Hyperplastic gastric polyps after argon plasma coagulation treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE)
Authors: J. Baudet, H. Salata, M. Soler, V. Castro, D. Díaz-Bethencourt, M. Vela, S. Morales, J. Avilés
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a noncontact technique of electrocoagulation in which energy is transmitted via ionized argon gas flow. The tip of the catheter should be kept between 1 mm and 3 mm away from the mucosa. APC has become increasingly popular for treating gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). Its main advantage is that coagulation is more superficial, thus reducing the risk of complications [1].
A Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach Evaluated With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hyo Jung Seo, June-Key Chung, Heounjeong Go, Gi Jeong Cheon, Dong Soo Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The condition of a 55-year-old man was diagnosed with unresectable advanced gastric cancer, and initial biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. On evaluation of treatment response after chemotherapy, F-FDG PET/CT showed large residual stomach cancer with increased FDG uptake (SUVmax, 13.6), lymph node metastasis with mild FDG uptake (SUVmax, 2.5), and no distant metastasis. Palliative subtotal gastrectomy was done, and the finding was hepatoid adenocarcinoma. Compared with the previous report of Pan et al (Clin Nucl Med. 2011;36:1137-1139), our patient had more increased FDG uptake of SUVmax (13.6 vs 1.9) in the gastric mass and lymph node metastases but no liver metastasis.
Respiratory symptoms and washing powders.
Authors: M Newhouse
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BRNAL nearer to that of 15 mg. of morphine sulphate (11-4 mg. of anhydrous morphine).Our own studies* have shown that 13-3 mg. of morDhine sulohate contains the same amount of anhydrous morphine as 20 mg. of papaveretum, and that the effect of these two are indistinguishable clinically.-Weare, etc.,
ADIPOSIS DOLOROSA, 300 B. C.
Authors: LeROY CRUMMER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

At a recent exhibition of archeologic objects of Greek and Eutruscan origin, a terra cotta grotesque seemed strangely familiar; and, after a moment's embarrassment from failure of association, there came a flash of recognition, and the grotesque assumed the proportions of a case of adiposis dolorosa seen recently at the University Hospital. The history of the earlier phases of the development of medicine depends fully as much on objects in bronze, marble and clay as on the written word; no picture on vellum or paper exists that dates from this early period (300 B. C.), and the manuscripts of the medicine of the ancients have suffered so much at the hands of the generations of scribes and the destructive influences of the time that it is difficult to be sure of the authenticity of much of the material that dates from the period of Hippocrates. The interpolations at the hands
The Physician's Role in Patients' Nursing Home Care
Authors: Steven C. Zweig, Lori L. Popejoy, Debra Parker-Oliver, Susan E. Meadows
Journal: JAMA (2011)

More than 1.5 million adults live in US nursing homes, and approximately 30% of individuals in the United States will die with a nursing home as their last place of residence. Physicians play a pivotal role in the rehabilitation, complex medical care, and end-of-life care of this frail and vulnerable population. The reasons for admission are multifactorial and a comprehensive care plan based on the Minimum Data Set guides the multidisciplinary nursing home team in the care of the patient and provides assessments of the quality of care provided. Using the cases of 2 patients with different experiences, we describe the physician's role in planning for admission, participating as a team member in the ongoing assessment and care in the nursing home, and guiding care at the end of life. The increasing population of older adults has also promoted community-based and residential alternatives to traditional nursing homes. The future of long-term care will include additional challenges and rich innovations in services and options for older adults.
Efficacy of Latanoprost or Fixed-Combination Latanoprost–Timolol in Patients Switched from a Combination of Timolol and a Nonprostaglandin Medication
Authors: Leopoldo Magacho, Ricardo Reis, Rajesh K. Shetty, Lúcia C. Santos, Marcos P. Ávila
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
SPECT Gated Cardiac Imaging Rules Out Paradoxical Right Ventricular Wall Motion
Authors: JIM HOUSER, S A COOK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A 67-year-old man with a history of bronchial asthma was referred for a gated cardiac study. Routine planar MUGA views demonstrated a peculiar configuration to the right side of the heart, with a convex bulge during systole along its right inferolateral margin. The firstpass portion of the study, however, did not demonstrate an unusual right atrial or right ventricular configuration. The differential diagnoses included a prominent right atrium, aberrant conduction pathway with delayed contractility in that area of the right ventricle, or a right ventricular aneurysm, which was less likely. A SPECT gated cardiac study using a Technicare Omega 500 camera and 560 Computer system failed to demonstrate any paradoxical motion of the right ventricle. The “abnormality” was the right atrium. A 2-D echo study confirmed normal wall motion.
Ponction biopsie sous choendoscopie des tumeurs solides du pancréas: seuil d'efficience du binôme Gastroentérologue-Pathologiste
Authors: F Portales, F Bibeau, E Assenat, E Samalin, S Thézénas, P Senesse
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Evaluer de manière rétrospective l'efficience du binôme gastroentérologue-pathologiste pour la ponction sous échoendoscopie (PEE) des tumeurs solides du pancréas.
Cold Splenic Lesion on Tc-99m Colloid and Denatured RBC Scintigraphy
Authors: C P. Wong, T K. Auyong, C M. Tong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 35-year-old man presented with a history of G6PD deficiency and thalassemia intermedia. Ultrasound, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging were done because of splenomegaly, which showed a 7-cm splenic mass of indeterminate nature. Tc-99m tin colloid liver–spleen and denatured RBC scans were performed. The mass showed photopenia in both scans. Ultrasound-guided biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of extramedullary splenic hematopoiesis. In contrast to other reported cases, this case was unusual in that a focal “cold” splenic defect was noted in extramedullary hematopoietic tissue. Extramedullary hematopoiesis should be included in the differential diagnoses of a cold splenic defect on colloid and denatured red cell scans.
Abstract 2007: Differential roles of BCL-XL and BCL-2 in protecting mitochondria against oxidative stress in CML cells
Authors: Hui Zhang, Weiqin Lu, Terrence Liu, Gang Chen, Zhao Chen, Dunyaporn Trachootham, Ralph B. Arlinghaus, Peng Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Previous studies have identified that BCR-ABL elevates cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondria and NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX). However, it is still unknown how BCR-ABL over-expressed cells can maintain such altered redox status, while escaping from the persistent oxidative stress-induced cell damage or apoptosis. Therefore elucidation of the mechanisms by which CML cells cope with oxidative stress will provide important insights into the molecular events leading to leukemia development and drug resistance. The major goals of this study are to investigate the role of BCR-ABL-regulated downstream cell survival factors in providing an adaptive mechanism which allows CML cells to survive in the presence of cellular oxidative stress, and to evaluate the potential therapeutic implications. Several experimental models were used to test the cellular redox status and relative sensitivity of oxidative stress-induced cell death in our study, including BCR-ABL inducible cell lines, BCR-ABL stably transformed cell lines and BCR-ABL-expressing CML blast crisis cells with different BCL-XL/BCL-2 patterns. Additionally, we established an artificial CML cell model with heterogenic BCL-XL/BCL-2 expression to assess the correlation between cell survival factor genetic background and cell sensitivity to Imatinib and oxidative stress. In this study, BCL-XL has been identified as the major survival factors responsive to BCR-ABL-promoted cellular oxidative stress and plays a dominant role in regulating the threshold of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. The cell survival factors BCL-XL and BCL-2 differentially protect mitochondrial integrity under oxidative stress. BCL-XL is an essential survival factor in maintaining viability of the cells with the excessive ROS while BCL-2 seems to play a relatively minor role. In addition, combination of redox-modulating reagent α-phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) with BCL-XL/BCL2 inhibitor ABT737 or suppression of BCL-XL expression by BCR-ABL inhibitor Gleevec dramatically sensitizes CML cell to ROS stress-induced apoptosis. These data together suggest that elevation of BCL-XL is important for the development of CML, and that redox-directed therapy may merit further clinical investigations in CML treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2007. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2007
Fas ligand–mediated immune surveillance by T cells is essential for the control of spontaneous B cell lymphomas
Authors: Shoukat Afshar-Sterle, Dimitra Zotos, Nicholas J Bernard, Anna K Scherger, Lisa Rödling, Amber E Alsop, Jennifer Walker, Frederick Masson, Gabrielle T Belz, Lynn M Corcoran, Lorraine A O'Reilly, Andreas Strasser, Mark J Smyth, Ricky Johnstone, David M Tarlinton, Stephen L Nutt, Axel Kallies
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Loss of Sept4 exacerbates liver fibrosis through the dysregulation of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Keiko Iwaisako, Etsuro Hatano, Kojiro Taura, Akio Nakajima, Masaharu Tada, Satoru Seo, Nobuyuki Tamaki, Fumiaki Sato, Iwao Ikai, Shinji Uemoto, Makoto Kinoshita
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
VOMIT (victims of modern imaging technology)--an acronym for our times
Authors: R. Hayward
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Case 1 —A request arrives for an urgent neurosurgical consultation. The urgency is reinforced by several telephone calls. A 12 year old boy with headaches has had a head scan—nowadays more likely magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) than computed tomography—that shows an arachnoid cyst. The parents have been told that the clinical diagnosis of migraine (the scan was performed “just to be on the safe side”) has been changed to something more sinister. The parents are terrified, their fears not at all eased by being referred to a brain surgeon. After all, everyone knows that when doctors talk about a “cyst” they really mean cancer.

> The internet is the most potent anxiety provoking system ever devised 

Case 2 —A 15 year old girl complains of back pain. A neurological examination and various blood and radiological examinations are negative—except for the MRI scan (“I'm sure there'll be nothing, but let's be certain”). The scan shows a mild focal dilatation …
High-dose House Dust Mite (HDM) Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) Increases Antigen-Specific Serum IgG4 and PD20 to HDM Antigen
Authors: R.K. Bush, C. Swenson, B. Fahlberg, J. Bernstein, K. Gaworski, M. Evans, R. Esch, W. Busse
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Fear of living
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<b>Objective: </b> To assess the safety of galantamine in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the ability of galantamine to benefit cognition and global functioning in subjects with MCI, and the ability of galantamine to delay conversion to dementia. <b>Methods: </b> In two studies, 2,048 subjects, 990 in Study 1 and 1,058 in Study 2, with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) = 0.5, CDR memory score ≥0.5, without dementia were randomized to double-blind galantamine (16–24 mg/day) or placebo for 24 months. Primary efficacy endpoint at month 24 was number (%) of subjects who converted from MCI to dementia (CDR ≥ 1.0). <b>Results: </b> There were no differences between galantamine and placebo in 24-month conversion rates (Study 1: 22.9% [galantamine] vs 22.6% [placebo], <i>p</i> = 0.146; Study 2: 25.4% [galantamine] vs 31.2% [placebo], <i>p</i> = 0.619). Mean CDR-sum of boxes declined less with galantamine than placebo at 12 and 24 months in Study 1 (<i>p</i> = 0.024 [12 months] and <i>p</i> = 0.028 [24 months]), but not in Study 2 (<i>p</i> = 0.662 [12 months] and <i>p</i> = 0.056 [24 months]). Digit Symbol Substitution Test scores improved with galantamine in Study 1 at 12 months and in Study 2 at 24 months (Study 1: <i>p</i> = 0.009 [month 12] and <i>p</i> = 0.079 [Month 24]; Study 2: <i>p</i> = 0.154 [month 12] and <i>p</i> = 0.020 [month 24]). The most frequently reported adverse event was nausea (galantamine, 29%; placebo, 10%). Serious AEs occurred in 19% of each group. Mortality of the cohort after retrospectively determining the status of subjects (98.3%) at 24 months was 1.4% (galantamine) and 0.3% (placebo); RR (95% CI), 1.70 (1.00, 2.90). <b>Conclusions: </b> Galantamine failed to significantly influence conversion to dementia. Galantamine was generally well tolerated. Whereas recorded mortality was greater in the galantamine group than in the placebo group in the original per-protocol assessment, a post hoc analysis of the cohort was consistent with no increased risk.