tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Age and Enzymatic Activities in Human Erythrocytes from Normal and Fava Bean-sensitive Subjects*
Authors: A. Bonsignore, G. Fornaini, A. Fantoni, G. Leoncini, P. Segni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

This paper is concerned with the relation between metabolic behavior and cell age in erythrocytes of normal subjects and in erythrocytes of fava bean-sensitive subjects in the nonhemolytic, the hemolytic, and the posthemolytic periods. That as red cells age there is a progressive decrease in the activity of several enzymes has been well established in vivo. The relationship between the age of erythrocytes and their enzy
Mutation of von Hippel–Lindau Tumour Suppressor and Human Cardiopulmonary Physiology
Authors: Thomas G Smith, Jerome T Brooks, George M Balanos, Terence R Lappin, D. Mark Layton, Dawn L Leedham, Chun Liu, Patrick H Maxwell, Mary F McMullin, Christopher J McNamara, Melanie J Percy, Christopher W Pugh, Peter J Ratcliffe, Nick P Talbot, Marilyn Treacy, Peter A Robbins
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background The von Hippel–Lindau tumour suppressor protein–hypoxia-inducible factor (VHL–HIF) pathway has attracted widespread medical interest as a transcriptional system controlling cellular responses to hypoxia, yet insights into its role in systemic human physiology remain limited. Chuvash polycythaemia has recently been defined as a new form of VHL-associated disease, distinct from the classical VHL-associated inherited cancer syndrome, in which germline homozygosity for a hypomorphic VHL allele causes a generalised abnormality in VHL–HIF signalling. Affected individuals thus provide a unique opportunity to explore the integrative physiology of this signalling pathway. This study investigated patients with Chuvash polycythaemia in order to analyse the role of the VHL–HIF pathway in systemic human cardiopulmonary physiology. Methods and Findings Twelve participants, three with Chuvash polycythaemia and nine controls, were studied at baseline and during hypoxia. Participants breathed through a mouthpiece, and pulmonary ventilation was measured while pulmonary vascular tone was assessed echocardiographically. Individuals with Chuvash polycythaemia were found to have striking abnormalities in respiratory and pulmonary vascular regulation. Basal ventilation and pulmonary vascular tone were elevated, and ventilatory, pulmonary vasoconstrictive, and heart rate responses to acute hypoxia were greatly increased. Conclusions The features observed in this small group of patients with Chuvash polycythaemia are highly characteristic of those associated with acclimatisation to the hypoxia of high altitude. More generally, the phenotype associated with Chuvash polycythaemia demonstrates that VHL plays a major role in the underlying calibration and homeostasis of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, most likely through its central role in the regulation of HIF.
Permissiveness of human biliary epithelial cells to infection by hepatitis C virus
Authors: Marie-Anne Loriot, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, David Lagorce, Fatima Lakehal, Tiziana Persico, Giovanna Barba, Martine Mergey, Corinne Vons, Dominique Franco, Jacques Belghiti, Mauro Giacca, Chantal Housset, Christian Bréchot
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The cellular tropism of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important but much debated issue. Permissivity to HCV of biliary cells has never been demonstrated. In this context, we used gallbladder epithelial cells (GBEC) as a model of the more proximal biliary epithelium. These cells were isolated from HCV-positive and -negative individuals and cultured for up to 40 days. Biliary cells from HCV-negative subjects were infected in vitro with various inocula. The retention of GBEC functional characteristics was assessed by the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). All 12 GBEC tested from HCV-negative patients were successfully infected by HCV. This was assessed by: 1) the detection of HCV-RNA positive and negative strands; 2) the detection of the viral capsid by immunofluorescence; and 3) the combination of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and HVR1 sequence analysis demonstrating the distinct majoritary HCV genomes in serum and in GBEC. The level of HCV RNA in cell extracts and supernatants was low, but HCV infection was highly reproducible. Our results expand those showing the cellular tropism of HCV, and demonstrate the sensitivity of biliary cells to HCV infection. This might have an important impact in terms of pathogenesis and pathological features of HCV infection. In addition, given the easy access to these cells and the high reproducibility of in vitro infection, they should constitute an important tool for studies aimed at analyzing the issue of HCV penetration and neutralizing antibodies.
Prevalence and characteristics of uveitis in the spondyloarthropathies: a systematic literature review
Authors: N Zeboulon, M Dougados, L Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> Uveitis is reported to be the most common extra-articular manifestation in spondyloarthritis (SpA); however, its prevalence and characteristics are not well established. <h3>Objective:</h3> To perform a systematic literature review in order to examine these topics. <h3>Methods:</h3> A systematic literature analysis was conducted in the Medline database up to October 2006 and in the abstracts of rheumatology scientific meetings for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. A hand search of references was also performed. Articles were analysed if they reported the prevalence or characteristics of uveitis in SpA. Data abstraction was standardised. Statistical analysis was mainly descriptive. <h3>Results:</h3> Among the 957 articles selected by the search, 126 articles (29 877 patients) allowed a calculation of the prevalence of uveitis in SpA; 36 articles (1989 patients) described its characteristics. The mean (SD) prevalence of uveitis was 32.7 (0.5)%; it varied with the type of SpA—for example, 33.2 (0.8)% for ankylosing spondylitis versus 25.1 (2.3)% for psoriatic arthritis. This prevalence increased with mean disease duration and was higher in HLA-B27-positive patients with an odds ratio of 4.2. Uveitis was acute in 88.7 (2.5)%, anterior in 90.5 (2.0)%, unilateral in 87.3 (2.8)%. Recurrence occurred in 50.6 (2.6)% and a reduction of visual acuity was observed in 8.3 (3.8)%. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The prevalence of uveitis varies with disease duration and according to the type of SpA. Reduction of visual acuity is not exceptional. Because of recent promising data about the effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy on uveitis flares in SpA, it was important to determine this baseline prevalence.
Opera and imaging: none may sleep
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I signed the consent form, confirmed that I did not have a pacemaker fitted, and took my position on the rack. The technician fitted me with headphones and ascertained my taste in music: rock, pop, jazz, or opera? Opera, please. She warned me to stay very still and pressed the button, which moved the rack into the tube. I clutched the panic button gratefully.

There was plastic in all directions, 3 inches from my face. Most people lying in …
Active Serum Vitamin D Levels Are Inversely Correlated With Coronary Calcification
Authors: Karol E. Watson, Marla L. Abrolat, Lonzetta L. Malone, Jeffrey M. Hoeg, Terry Doherty, Robert Detrano, Linda L. Demer
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Arterial calcification is a common feature of atherosclerosis, occurring in >90% of angiographically significant lesions. Recent evidence from this and other studies suggests that development of atherosclerotic calcification is similar to osteogenesis; thus, we undertook the current investigation on the potential role of osteoregulatory factors in arterial calcification.We studied two human populations (173 subjects) at high and moderate risk for coronary heart disease and assessed them for associations between vascular calcification and serum levels of the osteoregulatory molecules osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-vitamin D). Our results revealed that 1,25-vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with the extent of vascular calcification in both groups. No correlations were found between extent of calcification and levels of osteocalcin or parathyroid hormone.These data suggest a possible role for vitamin D in the development of vascular calcification. Vitamin D is also known to be important in bone mineralization; thus, 1,25-vitamin D may be one factor to explain the long observed association between osteoporosis and vascular calcification.
Government launches green paper on mental health
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Health secretary Alan Milburn this week published proposals for a reform of the Mental Health Act 1983, as part of his plans to modernise the NHS in England and Wales.

Patients discharged from psychiatric hospitals will be given orders specifying where they will live and what treatment they will have. If they break the terms of the order, they will be returned to hospital for compulsory treatment.

Meanwhile the government's recent proposals for the permanent detention of people with personality disorder were heavily criticised by psychiatrists at a joint conference held by the Royal Society of Medicine and Royal College of …
Re: Gianluca Giannarini, Thomas M. Kessler, Frédéric D. Birkhäuser, George N. Thalmann, Urs E. Studer. Antegrade Perfusion With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Patients With Non–Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract: Who May Benefit? Eur Urol 2011;60:955–60
Authors: Shiu-Dong Chung, Jeff Shih-Chieh Chueh, Chao-Yuan Huang, Hong-Jeng Yu
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Belli: For Your Malpractice Defense
Authors: Miles J. Gullickson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This volume is largely a compilation of a series of articles on medical malpractice previously published by Belli in Medical Economics . The title unintentionally reflects the concern of the legal mind with malpractice defense in contrast to the concentration of the medical mind on malpractice prevention. Despite the cynicism and even aversion with which many physicians will contemplate a book by Belli, there is no reason to doubt that, in the twilight of his career, Belli is convinced that his professional activities have been directed toward improvement in medical care, and that he believes that this review of his extensive experience is a further step in that direction.  He is reputed to have publicly said that money is the name of the game, an assessment medical professionals might wryly agree with—thinking of the generous legal fees, the startling increase in liability insurance costs, and the 20% rise in precautionary medical
Diabetic and Hypertensive Heart Disease
Authors: E Grossman, F H Messerli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To review the literature on the cardiac effects of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search of English-language articles published between 1980 and January 1996 was done using the terms diabetes mellitus, hypertension or blood pressure, and heart. References cited in identified articles were also reviewed. Study Selection: Selected studies were divided into those addressing coronary artery disease or myocardial ischemia and those addressing nonischemic cardiomyopathy and its sequelae. Preference was given to articles about the cardiac complications of both diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Results: Patients with diabetes and hypertension have a higher incidence of coronary artery disease than do patients with diabetes or hypertension alone. The former patients also show impaired systolic and diastolic function and have more severe left ventricular hypertrophy as documented by echocardiography and at autopsy. The structural myocardial damage seen in these patients has been attributed primarily to hypertension; the myocellular dysfunction has been attributed primarily to diabetes. In diabetic hypertensive patients with cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease as well as structural and functional cardiac abnormalities are more pronounced than would be expected from either diabetes or hypertension alone. Conclusions: Considerable evidence from both experimental animal models and humans points to hypertension as a critically important factor in the pathogenesis of severe heart disease in persons with diabetes. The pathogenetic sequelae of diabetes and hypertension are devastating to the heart and often lead to premature congestive heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and acute myocardial infarction. Strict control of arterial pressure and glycemia may prevent or even ameliorate heart disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes.
Stenting of Culprit Lesions in Unstable Angina Leads to a Marked Reduction in Plaque Burden: A Major Role of Plaque Embolization?
Authors: Francesco Prati, Tomasz Pawłowski, Robert Gil, Antonella Labellarte, Aneta Gziut, Eugenio Caradonna, Alessandro Manzoli, Alessandro Pappalardo, Francesco Burzotta, Alessandro Boccanelli
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies have shown that a mechanism of plaque compression/embolization contributes toward the poststenting increase in lumen area. The aim of this IVUS study was to compare the mechanisms of lumen enlargement after coronary stenting in 54 consecutive patients with unstable angina (UA) (group 1) and 56 with stable angina (group 2) to verify whether plaque embolization plays a major role in the former. Methods and Results— Both groups underwent the IVUS assessment (speed, 0.5 mm/sec) before the intervention and after stent implantation. The lumen area, the external elastic membrane area, and the plaque+media area (PA) were measured at 0.5-mm intervals. PA reduction in the lesion site was significantly greater in group 1 (−2.50±1.97 versus −0.53±1.43 mm 2 , P &lt;0.001). After stenting, 47% of the lumen area increase in group 1 was obtained by means of PA reduction, and 53% was attributable to external elastic membrane area increase; the corresponding figures in group 2 were 13% and 87% ( P &lt;0.05). Decrease in PA after stenting was the only significant predictor of the MB fraction of creatinine kinase (CK-MB) release in a multiple regression model ( P =0.047). Conclusions— Serial volumetric IVUS assessment revealed in UA lesions a marked poststenting reduction in plaque volume, which is significantly greater than in stable angina and is associated with postprocedural CK-MB release. The decrease in PA during the procedure predicts CK-MB release in a multiple regression model. These findings suggest that stent deployment is often associated with plaque embolization in patients with UA.
Case of Tetanus Treated with Antitoxin
Authors: J. J. Ridge
Journal: BMJ (1896)

io c. cm.) were then given twice a day.An immediate im- provement followed, which continued till August 4th, when the injections were finally stopped.The patient has since stated that he "felt a new man" after each of the latter injections of which he was conscious.The lungs cleared up with but little expectoration.It will be seen that the serum was mostly given in large doses, and that the larger doses produced more beneficial results than the small.The injections were made in the abdomen and loin.We noticed that the last half of the 2o-c.cm.bottles which were opened in the morning produced a local erythema when injected in the evening, although the serum was kept in the interval in ice, and every precaution was taken to sterilise the site of injection and the syringe.The intensely hot weather may have had something to do with this.In another case we should use a freshly-opened bottle for each injection, and would recommend that the serum be bottled in io-c.cm.bottles with india-rubber corks.Two days-after the injections were discontinued some urticaria gave a little trouble, but did not retard recovery, and, as the patient is now (August igth) able to walk about his room and take drives, we feel we ought not to delay in placing these notes before the profession.
Israel's medical complaints system updated
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Israel is to revamp completely the process of investigating complaints of alleged medical malpractice—which today takes an average of two years per case, with some taking as long as eight years.

Amendments to the Physicians' Law have already been approved by the ministerial committee on legislation and are due to be approved by the Knesset (Israel's parliament) within a few months, said the ministry's legal adviser, Mira …
Characteristics of anger: Notes for a systems theory of emotion
Authors: Michael Potegal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Although emotion may subserve social function, as with anger-maintaining dominance, emotions are more than variant cognitions. Anger promotes risk-taking, attention-narrowing, and cognitive impairment. The proposition that appraised “blameworthiness” is necessary for anger excludes young children's anger as well as adults' pain-induced anger. To be complete, any systems model of anger must account for its temporal characteristics, including escalation and persistence.
Abstract P6-04-22: Regulation of Notch localization by endocrine therapy in Estrogen Receptor positive breast cancer cells: Clinical implications for endocrine resistance
Authors: I Espinoza, M Caskey, RC Baker, L Miele
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Estrogen receptors occur in about two-thirds of breast tumors and endocrine therapy is probably the most important systemic therapy for hormone receptor positive breast cancer. However, after an initial response to hormonal therapy, most tumors develop resistance leading to disease progression. Central mechanisms thought to be involved in this process include: 1) alterations in tumor cell physiology causing insensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis or induction of drug-detoxifying mechanisms; 2) expression of energy-dependent transporters that eject anti-cancer drugs from cells and 3) the emergence of cancer stem-like cell clones that are estrogen-independent and/or antiestrogen resistant. We and others have shown that Notch signaling mediates survival signals in ER+ breast cancer cells; induces expression of drug transporter ABCG2 (BCRP), activates ERα in the absence of estrogen and mediates survival of breast cancer stem-like cells. Previously, we demonstrated a crosstalk between ERα and Notch signaling whereby estrogen inhibits Notch activation and estrogen withdrawal or tamoxifen re-activate Notch, a possible mechanism of resistance. The mechanism of these effects has remained elusive. Methods: we used sub-cellular fractionation and immunofluorescence staining to investigate the total expression and cellular distribution of Notch signaling components in MCF-7 cells treated with 17-β-estradiol, or estrogen-free medium. Results: Our data shows that in cells treated with estrogen-free medium, Notch1 is located in the Lipid Rafts (LR) in the plasma membrane, along with Notch signaling components such as presenilin 1 (the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase), ADAM10 and Notch negative regulator NUMB. There is published evidence that γ-secretase is most active in lipid rafts.17-β-Estradiol modifies the membrane lipid composition and change the localization of Notch and Notch regulators (such as ADAM10, presenilin-1 and NUMB) at the plasma membrane, thereby altering the activation of Notch. These observations are consistent with a model in which the lipid composition of the plasma membrane is a critical factor in regulating the rate of Notch activation. FDA-approved cholesterol lowering drugs affect Notch signaling in ways consistent with this model. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that endocrine therapy affects Notch signaling at least in part through alterations in membrane composition and lipid raft localization of Notch signaling components. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-22.
Chest Radiographic Findings in Patients with Tuberculosis with Recent or Remote Infection
Authors: BRENDA E. JONES, ROBERT RYU, ZHENHUA YANG, M. DONALD CAVE, JANICE M. POGODA, MICHIKO OTAYA, PETER F. BARNES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

To determine if chest radiographic findings differ in adult tuberculosis patients with recent and remote infection, we reviewed the chest radiographs of 103 patients with tuberculosis in Los Angeles and performed RFLP analyses of their Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Patients whose isolates had identical or closely related RFLP patterns were considered a “cluster.” Most patients in large clusters (more than seven patients) had tuberculosis from recent infection, whereas most unclustered patients had tuberculosis from remote infection. Mediastinal adenopathy or pleural effusions were classified as typical of recent infection, and upper lobe infiltrates, cavitation, or fibrosis were classified as characteristic of remote infection. Radiographic patterns were typical of remote infection in 62% of patients and were characteristic of recent infection in 23% of patients. The distribution of these radiographic patterns was similar in clustered and unclustered patients, both with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. However, mediastinal adenopathy and pleural effusions were significantly more common in HIV-infected patients. We conclude that: (1) chest radiographic findings in adults with tuberculosis of recent infection are similar to those in patients with remote infection; (2) the distinctive chest radiographic findings in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis are not due to an increased frequency of recent infection.