tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GP facilitators and HIV infection
Authors: P Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The cytokine IFN-beta 2/IL-6 has emerged as an important means of communication between cells--both within the immune system as well as outside it. In exploring the link between the endocrine and the immune systems, we have studied the secretion of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 by freshly explanted human endometrial stromal cells and its modulation by estrogens. Endometrial stromal cells produced IFN-beta 2/IL-6 in response to other inflammation-associated cytokines such as IL-1 alpha or beta, TNF, and IFN-gamma. This secretion was strongly inhibited by estradiol-17 beta at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M. Multiple species of stromal cell IFN-beta 2/IL-6 in the size range 23 to 30 kDa were detected using immunoprecipitation or immunoblotting procedures. The endometrial stromal cell IFN-beta 2/IL-6 species were phosphorylated and differentially glycosylated in a manner comparable to IFN-beta 2/IL-6 secreted by induced human peripheral blood monocytes or foreskin fibroblasts. However, in contrast to peripheral blood monocytes and fibroblasts, bacterial LPS did not induce IFN-beta 2/IL-6 production in endometrial stromal cells. Additionally, the IFN-beta 2/IL-6 identified in medium from IL-1 alpha-induced stromal cells is biologically active on hepatocytes. These observations, taken together with the observation that IFN-beta 2/IL-6 strongly inhibits the proliferation of human epithelial cells, suggest the possibility that stromal cell secreted IFN-beta 2/IL-6 may affect the physiology of the overlying epithelium in an hormonally modulated manner. Estrogen-regulated production of endometrial IFN-beta 2/IL-6 may participate in gender-specific systemic immunomodulation.
TCT-132 Prospective, Multicenter Tack Optimized Balloon Angioplasty (TOBA) Study for Femoropopliteal Arteries Using the Tack-IT Endovascular SystemTM
Authors: Koen Deloose, Marianne Brodmann, Hans M. Gissler, Dierk Scheinert, Marc Bosiers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Overexpression of Kinesins Mediates Docetaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Sarmishtha De, Rocky Cipriano, Mark W. Jackson, George R. Stark
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Resistance to chemotherapy remains a major barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. To understand mechanisms underlying docetaxel resistance in breast cancer, we used an insertional mutagenesis strategy to identify proteins whose overexpression confers resistance. A strong promoter was inserted approximately randomly into the genomes of tumor-derived breast cancer cells, using a novel lentiviral vector. We isolated a docetaxel-resistant clone in which the level of the kinesin KIFC3 was elevated. When KIFC3 or the additional kinesins KIFC1, KIF1A, or KIF5A were overexpressed in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB 468, the cells became more resistant to docetaxel. The binding of kinesins to microtubules opposes the stabilizing effect of docetaxel that prevents cytokinesis and leads to apoptosis. Our finding that kinesins can mediate docetaxel resistance might lead to novel therapeutic approaches in which kinesin inhibitors are paired with taxanes.
Radioiodine Tracer Tests in the Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism
Authors: K. H. Clarke, K. D. Fairley, W. E. King, J. Milne
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The use of radioiodine, ,31I, has now an established place as an aid in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, but there is no agreement on which radioiodine test is best for this purpose. Many indices of thyroid function have been proposed which variously involve the measure ment, either serial or at fixed times after the administra tion of the radioisotope, of its accumulation by the thyroid, excretion by the kidneys, and concentration in whole blood, blood plasma, and saliva. Indices dependent on measurements of the radioiodine content in the thyroid or in blood are considered preferable to those dependent on urinary excretion because of the problems involved, particularly for out-patients, in urine collection over set periods of time. Almost all of the radioiodine tests advanced in the literature will distinguish between the frankly thyrotoxic patient and the normal subject, but the real usefulness of a test must lie in its ability to aid the diagnosis in clinically borderline cases, and in its simplicity. It is often difficult to assess the relative merits of parti cular proposed indices of thyroid function, as the clini cal material varies so widely from one group of workers to another. However, most of the more promising radioiodine indices have been compared with each other, the B.M.R., and the biochemical determination of protein-bound iodine (P.B.I.) by the Royal Melbourne Hospital group (Clarke and Aujard, 1954 ; Madigan and King, 1954 ; Winikoff, 1954 ; Clarke, Sherriff, and Wini koff, 1955) and by others (Goodwin, Macgregor, Miller, and Wayne, 1951 ; Fryers, 1956 ; McConahey, Owen, and Keating, 1956). From the studies in Melbourne it has been concluded that the best single index of thyroid function is the bio chemical determination of P.B.I., which separates both the hyperthyroid and hypothyroid groups from the nor mal or euthyroid group with a high degree of accuracy. Between 90% and 95% of the patients in each group, including a large number of clinically borderline cases, have been correctly classified by this index. The determination of P.B.I., however, is technically difficult on account of the very low levels of iodine to be measured, and demands the utmost care in keeping the laboratory and apparatus completely free from iodine contamination. For this reason it has been hoped that the use of radioiodine, which is readily detected by its beta and gamma emanations, would provide a simpler index of thyroid activity. The best radioiodine indices in the Royal Melbourne Hospital studies referred to above have been shown to be
VERIFICATION OF THE RORSCHACH ALPHA DIAGNOSTIC FORMULA FOR UNDERACTIVE SCHIZOPHRENICS
Authors: ZYGMUNT A. PIOTROWSKI, DOROTHY A. BERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

1. The 1950 perceptanalytic alpha formula designed to aid in the differentiation between psychosis and neurosis(8) was tested on a new group of 145 patients, 100 schizophrenics, and 45 neurotics. All patients were followed for at least 3 years and were rediagnosed by Nolan D. C. Lewis. Their condition at the end of the 3-year period subsequent to the original Rorschach examination was evaluated in terms of improved, essentially unchanged, and worse. 2. An alpha formula score of 3 points or more indicates a mental condition more serious than a mere psychoneurosis, i. e., a schizophrenia, a manic-depressive psychosis, or intracranial pathology. If the alpha score is less than 3 points, a diagnosis of psychoneurosis indicated. The 1950 formula (Table 2) agreed with the independently made clinical psychiatric follow-up diagnoses in 83% of the 145 cases. The formula was as accurate in the diagnosis of schizophrenia as of neurosis provided both technical Rorschach requirements were met: ∑c≥∑C and W 7. If only one requirement was met, high alpha scores retained their validity but low scores were not valid. The validity of the formula in its present stage may depend upon the patient's intelligence; an IQ of at least 100 may be a necessary condition. 3. The formula grew out of the theoretical assumption (1) that in neurotics potential energy output is proportionate to their energy control in psychosocial situations, i. e., in the social interactions between the individual and others; and ( 2) that in cases more serious than a mere neurosis there is a disproportion between the patient's energy control and his potential energy output in social interactions. High alpha scores are not incompatible with the presence of neurotic symptoms. Schizophrenics as well as organic cerebral cases may have neurotic difficulties in addition to personality weaknesses specifically contingent upon schizophrenia or intracranial pathology. 4. The alpha formula may be the beginning of one of several possible laboratory tests for schizophrenia.
Randomized Trials in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Marcello Tonelli
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tc-99m Exametazime-Labeled Leukocyte Scans in the Study of Infections in Skull Neurosurgery
Authors: Mauro Liberatore, Francesco Maria Drudi, Roberto Tarantino, Daniela Prosperi, Vittorio Fiore, Paolo Missori, Mario Venditti, Roberto Delfini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Diagnosis and follow-up of skull infections are usually performed by neurologic examination, laboratory tests and instrumental diagnostic methods such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These have, however, shown some limitations for specificity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the overall contribution of Tc-99m exametazime-labeled leukocyte imaging scan Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine (HMPAO) labeled white blood cells (WBC) in the diagnosis and management of infections in skull neurosurgery. Thirty-four patients were subdivided into 4 groups on the basis of the suspected pathology: intracerebral lesions on CT or MRI (group A, n = 20), suspected postsurgical infections (group B, n = 6), suspected deep infection of the surgical wound (group C, n = 4), and suspected infection of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (group D, n = 4). All patients underwent CT, MRI, and Tc-99m HMPAO WBC imaging. Patients in group C also underwent bacteriologic and culture examinations of wound secretions if present. In positive cases in group A, Tc-99m HMPAO WBC imaging was repeated. The scintigraphic results were compared with histologic findings in patients who underwent surgery and with the results of a 12-month clinical follow-up in the remaining patients. Tc-99m HMPAO WBC scans correctly detected the infections in all groups. Furthermore, such imaging proved to be able to document recovery from the disease in all of the assessed cerebral abscesses. This study may have an important role both in the diagnosis and in the management of infections in skull neurosurgery, which, it is hoped, will be confirmed in the future.
Glomerulonephritis mediated by antibody to glomerular basement membrane. Immunological, clinical, and histopathological characteristics.
Authors: J J McPhaul, J D Mullins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

A prospective study was undertaken to establish the incidence of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis and its histopathological characteristics in a clinical group of patients presenting with renal disease. Biopsies from 43 of 409 consecutive patients technically satisfactory for direct immunofluorescent (IF) examination had diffuse and generalized linear localization of host immunoglobulin (Ig); two other badly scarred kidneys tested negative to IF although GBM antibodies were eluted. Confirmatory evidence of GBM antibody-mediated disease in these patients came from whole kidney or biopsy elutions (15 patients), serologic assays for circulating GBM antibodies by indirect IF (9 of 38 patients), radioimmunoassay (26 of 34), and hemagglutination (31 of 32). Although sera were not tested from six patients, circulating antibodies were demonstrated by some test in 36 of 39 of the remainder. Histologically, half of the patients had minor and nonspecific glomerular abnormalities or mild focal proliferative glomerulonephritis. More severely involved kidneys had focal necrotizing (17%), rapidly progressive (7%), and chronic, usually sclerosing, glomerulonephritis (27%). Clinical courses of these patients comparably were quite variable, ranging from indolent microhematuria and/or gross hematuric bouts to progressive renal failure; nephrotic syndrome was observed in 11 patients. GBM antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis may be a relatively mild disease with apparently stable renal function, although 16 patients have experienced functional deterioration, and 11 have progressed to dialysis, renal transplantation, or death.
Diagnosis and Follow-up of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis and Orchiepididymitis Detected by In-111–Labeled Leukocyte Imaging
Authors: JOSE J. MATEOS, FRANCISCO LOMEÑA, MARIA VELASCO, JUAN PABLO HORCAJADA, MARISA ORTEGA, SILVIA FUERTES, FRANCISCA PONS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

MATEOS, JOSE J. M.D.; LOMEÑA, FRANCISCO M.D., PH.D.; VELASCO, MARIA M.D.; PABLO HORCAJADA, JUAN M.D.; ORTEGA, MARISA M.D.; FUERTES, SILVIA M.D.; PONS, FRANCISCA M.D., PH.D. Author Information
Remarks ON THE PATHOLOGY OF BRADYCARDIA
Authors: J. Hay
Journal: BMJ (1905)

acid is present, especially in excess, that ulceration is si'mple.If hydrochloric acid be absent, it is malignant.I think, from trial of numerous cases, these microscopic and chemical investigations do help in the diagnosis between ulcer and early cancer, though I am far from suggesting they do not err.In the majority of cancer cases the free hydrochloric acid is absent, at any rate after a protei'd meal, and in the few where It is present it may be that malignant disease is grafted on the seat of an old ulcer.
The Efficacy of Dual Allergen Sublingual Immunotherapy in Subjects with Dermatophagoides farinae and Timothy Grass Allergy as Assessed by the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Score
Authors: C. Santos, N. Reshamwala, S. Vissamsetti, J. Galant, T. Hunter, R. Swami, K. Nadeau
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Bacterial Adherence to Bladder Uroepithelial Cells in Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Richard Daifuku, Walter E. Stamm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

To assess the role of bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells in the pathogenesis of nosocomial urinary tract infection, we prospectively studied 55 patients with indwelling urinary catheters. We obtained uroepithelial cells from the bladder and urine for culture on the patients' entry into the study and every two to four days during catheterization. In all, 235 collections of uroepithelial cells from these patients were used in an in vitro adherence assay with six gram-negative bacterial strains. With uroepithelial cells from patients who did not have bacterial infections, the adherence of the bacteria used in the assay differed significantly according to species. The least adherence occurred with Escherichia coli GR12; the adherence increased with (in order) Proteus mirabilis, E. coli J96, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With cells collected just before the onset of bacteriuria, adherence of these gram-negative strains was higher in patients in whom gram-negative rod infections developed than in those with gram-positive coccal infections (P = 0.005). Analysis with the Cox proportional-hazards model demonstrated that a significant increase in bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells in the bladder occurred two to four days before the onset of bacteriuria, but that adherence returned to base-line values with the onset of bacteriuria. These results suggest that a transient increase in the adherence of gram-negative bacteria to bladder epithelial cells may be an important early event in the development of catheter-associated bacteriuria.
Anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation GPs struggle to meet demand
Authors: J Shakespeare, D A Fitzmaurice, F D R Hobbs, E Murray
Journal: BMJ (1994)

127 (40%) felt that they themselves needed to be tested.This is in contrast to the much higher uptake rate reported in the Swedish paper.Susanne Lindgren and colleagues also suggest that to achieve a high uptake rate those offering the test should be highly motivated to recommend HIV testing.We would argue that the purpose of pretest counselling is to enable the women to make an informed decision about whether the test is right for her individually, not to ensure testing at any cost.To this end it is essential that the midwives are adequately trained to carry out pretest coun- selling, which the authors rightly suggest is a prerequisite to the acceptance of HIV testing.In Riverside we found that midwives, though on the whole happy to provide pretest counselling, are aware of the need for training, particularly concerning the practical and psychological impli- cations of being HIV positive.3Since May 1992 a specialist HIV counsellor has been in post to train and support the midwives, who are trained to discuss HIV testing with women at the booking interview, with the option of referral on to the counsellor in more complicated cases.In our experience, women are occasionally unwilling to discuss risk information with their midwife, being able only to open up to someone not directly involved in their obstetric care.The specialist counsellor also offers the test to partners, thus reaching sexually active men who may not otherwise come into contact with services.The aim of identifying HIV infected women should be achieved in a climate where those at risk have been encouraged to come forward for testing after sympathetic counselling, not by coercive persuasion-which may drive away from services the very women we need to reach.The use of a specialist counsellor to complement the work of the midwives has proved an effective strategy in Riverside in meeting this aim.
Evaluation of a Consumer-Oriented Internet Health Care Report Card
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, Saif S. Rathore, Jersey Chen, Yongfei Wang, Martha J. Radford
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Health care "report cards" have attracted significant consumer interest, particularly publicly available Internet health care quality rating systems. However, the ability of these ratings to discriminate between hospitals is not known.To determine whether hospital ratings for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality from a prominent Internet hospital rating system accurately discriminate between hospitals' performance based on process of care and outcomes.Data from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project, a retrospective systematic medical record review of 141 914 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries 65 years or older hospitalized with AMI at 3363 US acute care hospitals during a 4- to 8-month period between January 1994 and February 1996 were compared with ratings obtained from HealthGrades.com (1-star: worse outcomes than predicted, 5-star: better outcomes than predicted) based on 1994-1997 Medicare data.Quality indicators of AMI care, including use of acute reperfusion therapy, aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; 30-day mortality.Patients treated at higher-rated hospitals were significantly more likely to receive aspirin (admission: 75.4% 5-star vs 66.4% 1-star, P for trend =.001; discharge: 79.7% 5-star vs 68.0% 1-star, P =.001) and beta-blockers (admission: 54.8% 5-star vs 35.7% 1-star, P =.001; discharge: 63.3% 5-star vs 52.1% 1-star, P =.001), but not angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (59.6% 5-star vs 57.4% 1-star, P =.40). Acute reperfusion therapy rates were highest for patients treated at 2-star hospitals (60.6%) and lowest for 5-star hospitals (53.6% 5-star, P =.008). Risk-standardized 30-day mortality rates were lower for patients treated at higher-rated than lower-rated hospitals (21.9% 1-star vs 15.9% 5-star, P =.001). However, there was marked heterogeneity within rating groups and substantial overlap of individual hospitals across rating strata for mortality and process of care; only 3.1% of comparisons between 1-star and 5-star hospitals had statistically lower risk-standardized 30-day mortality rates in 5-star hospitals. Similar findings were observed in comparisons of 30-day mortality rates between individual hospitals in all other rating groups and when comparisons were restricted to hospitals with a minimum of 30 cases during the study period.Hospital ratings published by a prominent Internet health care quality rating system identified groups of hospitals that, in the aggregate, differed in their quality of care and outcomes. However, the ratings poorly discriminated between any 2 individual hospitals' process of care or mortality rates during the study period. Limitations in discrimination may undermine the value of health care quality ratings for patients or payers and may lead to misperceptions of hospitals' performance.
Madness and Government: Who Cares for the Mentally III?
Authors: Loren R. Mosher
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Although the authors give a brief overview of care for the mentally ill from colonial times to 1946, the book is really about the Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC) program with which the authors have been intimately involved. The origins of the CMHC movement can be traced back to an extraordinary time in American history: the 1956 to 1965 (or so) era of peace and prosperity. Federal support for medical research during this decade grew at a mind-boggling rate. The Fogarty-Hill— Shannon-Felix legislative cabal operations are reverently detailed. The excitement of the times, which culminated in President Kennedy's February 1963 special message to Congress on mental health, is obvious. As a history of the CMHC movement, the book is also a history of the parent organization, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). This part of the story is given less attention than this reviewer believes it warrants. That is,
Effects of a programme of interventions on regional comprehensive palliative care for patients with cancer: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Tatsuya Morita, Mitsunori Miyashita, Akemi Yamagishi, Miki Akiyama, Nobuya Akizuki, Kei Hirai, Chizuru Imura, Masashi Kato, Yoshiyuki Kizawa, Yutaka Shirahige, Takuhiro Yamaguchi, Kenji Eguchi
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
TCT-791 Improvement in Aortic Valve Area Using a New "Hour Glass" Shaped Valvuloplasty Balloon Compared with Standard Cylindrical Balloons in Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients
Authors: Wesley R. Pedersen, Christopher Pedersen, Michael Mooney, William Drasler, Dean Krueger, Ross Garberich, Marit Thorsgard, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)