tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer Risk Inflation as a Consequence of Image-targeted Biopsy of the Prostate: A Computer Simulation Study
Authors: Nicola L. Robertson, Yipeng Hu, Hashim U. Ahmed, Alex Freeman, Dean Barratt, Mark Emberton
Journal: European Urology (2013)

Prostate biopsy parameters are commonly used to attribute cancer risk. A targeted approach to lesions found on imaging may have an impact on the risk attribution given to a man.To evaluate whether, based on computer simulation, targeting of lesions during biopsy results in reclassification of cancer risk when compared with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy.A total of 107 reconstructed three-dimensional models of whole-mount radical prostatectomy specimens were used for computer simulations. Systematic 12-core TRUS biopsy was compared with transperineal targeted biopsies using between one and five cores. All biopsy strategies incorporated operator and needle deflection error. A target was defined as any lesion ≥ 0.2 ml. A false-positive magnetic resonance imaging identification rate of 34% was applied.Sensitivity was calculated for the detection of all cancer and clinically significant disease. Cases were designated as high risk based on achieving ≥ 6 mm cancer length and/or ≥ 50% positive cores. Statistical significance (p values) was calculated using both a paired Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the t test.When applying a widely used biopsy criteria to designate risk, 12-core TRUS biopsy classified only 24% (20 of 85) of clinically significant cases as high risk, compared with 74% (63 of 85) of cases using 4 targeted cores. The targeted strategy reported a significantly higher proportion of positive cores (44% vs 11%; p<0.0001) and a significantly greater mean maximum cancer core length (7.8mm vs 4.3mm; p<0.0001) when compared with 12-core TRUS biopsy. Computer simulations may not reflect the sources of errors encountered in clinical practice. To mitigate this we incorporated all known major sources of error to maximise clinical relevance.Image-targeted biopsy results in an increase in risk attribution if traditional criteria, based on cancer core length and the proportion of positive cores, are applied. Targeted biopsy strategies will require new risk stratification models that account for the increased likelihood of sampling the tumour.
Immobilization of protein-coated drug nanoparticles in nanofibrillar cellulose matrices—Enhanced stability and release
Authors: Hanna Valo, Miia Kovalainen, Päivi Laaksonen, Merja Häkkinen, Seppo Auriola, Leena Peltonen, Markus Linder, Kristiina Järvinen, Jouni Hirvonen, Timo Laaksonen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Attempted Suicide: A Practical Guide to Its Nature and Management
Authors: L. D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1987)

As its title indicates, this work is devoted to the care of those individuals who survive attempted self-harm. The experience in this country and in the United Kingdom, on which the work is based, shows that about nine of ten attempters do so with ingested medications. The other attempts are through various methods of self-injury, eg, wrist-cutting or hanging. A repetition of the suicide attempt is common, particularly in the first three months after a first episode. Among individuals attempting suicide, a small proportion, perhaps 2%, are "chronic repeaters," carrying out several attempts and often frustrating treatment efforts to ameliorate their condition. Individuals attempting suicide present a major demand on the health care system in terms of their direct medical management and their need for followup care. The suicide attempts seen in hospital emergency settings are only a partial view of the problem, since a large number of suicide attempters
Diagnosing Vascular Causes of Renal Failure
Authors: Edward R. Ahrens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 July 1996Diagnosing Vascular Causes of Renal FailureEdward R. Ahrens, MD, MPHEdward R. Ahrens, MD, MPHMeriter Hospital Madison, WI 53703Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I was pleased to read Dr. Abuelo's excellent summary of the vascular causes of renal failure [1]. In clinical practice, many of these causes are rare and easily forgotten or overlooked. I emphasize the importance of microvascular disease that affects the renal arterioles. I have observed this condition to be among the most common causes of renal failure progressing to end-stage renal disease. Unfortunately, this entity is not mentioned in most nephrology or internal medicine journals and texts and was not discussed by Dr. Abuelo.Microvascular renal disease is commonly present in patients with a medical history ...REFERENCE1. Abuelo JG. Diagnosing vascular causes of renal failure. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:601-14. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Meriter Hospital Madison, WI 53703 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 2Page: 155KeywordsBiopsyHypertensionMedical dialysisNephrologyPeripheral vascular diseaseRenal diseasesRenal failureSerum proteinsStable coronary artery diseaseVascular diseases Issue Published: 15 July 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Extended Normal Life After AAVrh10-mediated Gene Therapy in the Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease
Authors: Mohammad A Rafi, Han Zhi Rao, Paola Luzi, Mark T Curtis, David A Wenger
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) or Krabbe disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). This deficiency results in accumulation of certain galactolipids including psychosine which is cytotoxic for myelin-producing cells. Treatment of human patients at this time is limited to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that appears to slow the progression of the disease when performed in presymptomatic patients. In this study, adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype rh10-(AAVrh10) expressing mouse GALC was used in treating twitcher (twi) mice, the mouse model of GLD. The combination of intracerebroventricular, intracerebellar, and intravenous (iv) injection of viral particles in neonate twi mice resulted in high GALC activity in brain and cerebellum and moderate to high GALC activity in spinal cord, sciatic nerve, and some peripheral organs. Successfully treated mice maintained their weight with no or very little twitching, living up to 8 months. The physical activities of the long-lived treated mice were comparable to wild type for most of their lives. Treated mice showed normal abilities to mate, to deliver pups, to nurse and to care for the newborns. This strategy alone or in combination with other therapeutic options may be applicable to treatment of human patients.
A fishy tale
Authors: Ceris Watson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

As part of my GP vocational training, I was working in the accident and emergency department when I met Mr A. He described an evolving rash on his right hand and arm, but was otherwise well. It had started after he had cleaned out his fish tank two weeks before. He first noticed some small nodules under the skin of his forearm. These continued to grow, up to 2 cm in …
Experimental Evidence of Ventricular Diastolic Suction
Authors: GERHARD A. BRECHER
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Intraventricular pressures were measured during brief periods of mitral orifice occlusion to determine whether or not the ventricle can exert a sucking force during diastole. This procedure was based on the premise that with a wide open mitral orifice negative diastolic transmural pressures cannot be detected in the ventricle because the adjoining atrium has collapsible walls. During mitral orifice closure, negative intraventricular pressures were recorded, and Ringer's solution was sucked against the force of gravity into the ventricle. It is concluded that the mammalian ventricle is capable of sucking blood from the atrium into its cavity.
The Pressure Sore: Pathophysiology and Principles of Management
Authors: James B. Reuler, Thomas G. Cooney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

The pressure sore is a common clinical problem, although its pathophysiology and management are poorly appreciated by many physicians. The impact of these lesions in terms of patient morbidity and rehabilitation, and health care expenditures is great. Shearing forces, friction and moisture, as well as pressure, contribute to the development of these sores. This paper reviews the clinical settings, causative factors, complications, and principles of prevention and management of the pressure sore. Early surgical consultation is important, because of the deceptive nature and multiple sequelae of these wounds.
Latex allergens in tire dust and airborne particles.
Authors: A G Miguel, G R Cass, J Weiss, M M Glovsky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The prevalence and severity of latex allergy has increased dramatically in the last 15 years due to exposure to natural rubber products. Although historically this health risk has been elevated in hospital personnel and patients, a recent survey has indicated a significant potential risk for the general population. To obtain a wide-spread source for latex exposure, we have considered tire debris. We have searched for the presence of latex allergens in passenger car and truck tire tread, in debris deposited from the atmosphere near a freeway, and in airborne particulate matter samples representative of the entire year 1993 at two sites in the Los Angeles basin (California). After extraction of the samples with phosphate buffered saline, a modified-ELISA inhibition assay was used to measure relative allergen potency and Western blot analyses were used to identify latex allergens. The inhibition studies with the human IgE latex assay revealed inhibition by the tire tread source samples and ambient freeway dust, as well as by control latex sap and latex glove extracts. Levels of extractable latex allergen per unit of protein extracted were about two orders of magnitude lower for tire tread as compared to latex gloves. Western blot analyses using binding of human IgE from latex-sensitive patients showed a band at 34-36 kDa in all tire and ambient samples. Long Beach and Los Angeles, California, air samples showed four additional bands between 50 and 135 kDa. Alternative Western blot analyses using rabbit IgG raised against latex proteins showed a broad band at 30-50 kDa in all samples, with additional bands in the urban air samples similar to the IgE results. A latex cross-reactive material was identified in mountain cedar. In conclusion, the latex allergens or latex cross-reactive material present in sedimented and airborne particulate material, derived from tire debris, and generated by heavy urban vehicle traffic could be important factors in producing latex allergy and asthma symptoms associated with air pollution particles.
New online diagnostic tool launched to help doctors
Authors: C. McKenna
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A paediatric online diagnostic tool called Isabel was launched at the Royal College of Physicians in London this week.

The tool has been developed by a charity, also known as Isabel, which was launched by Charlotte and Jason Maude, whose daughter Isabel almost died at age 3 years of necrotising fasciitis as a complication of chicken pox, after it was missed by a series of doctors. The diagnostic tool was set up with help from paediatric intensive care consultant Joseph Britto at St Mary's Hospital in London, who helped …
The Changing Pattern of Rheumatic Fever.
Authors: Gene H. Stollerman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Changing Pattern of Rheumatic Fever.Gene H. Stollerman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Gene H. Stollerman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1151_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIf there has been a decline in the incidence and severity of rheumatic fever, one might expect this to be related to a change in the epidemiology of streptococcal disease. The two features of streptococcal infection that have been shown to be related most closely to the attack rate of rheumatic fever are the magnitude of the immune response and the duration of convalescent carriage of the infecting organism. Both of these features are, in turn, related to the virulence of the streptococcal strain causing the infection. The two most important factors related to virulence of group A streptococci are... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Memphis, Tennessee PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1151-1152KeywordsEpidemiologyGroup A streptococcal infectionGroup A streptococciImmune responseRheumatic feverStreptococcal infectionsVirulence factors ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Reality of Drug Shortages — The Case of the Injectable Agent Propofol
Authors: Valerie Jensen, Bob A. Rappaport
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Over the years, physicians have come to rely on certain drugs as standards of care because of their unique clinical effects. Reduction in the supply of these drugs can have dramatic effects on medical practice, ultimately keeping patients from receiving the level of care they deserve and have come to expect. Drug shortages have therefore been a topic of some discussion within the medical profession.1,2 Recently, the supply of one drug — the sterile injectable drug propofol, a fast-onset, short-acting sedative–hypnotic agent used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation — has become critically low.3 In 2009, . . .
Schaffer and Avery's Diseases of the Newborn
Authors: Paul M. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Mary Ellen Avery notes in the preface to this sixth edition of<i>Diseases of the Newborn</i>that Schaffer's original (1960) volume was 878 pages long, in contrast to this edition's 1115 pages. Further, pages have grown in size from 44 to 71 square inches and in weight from 4 lb, 11 oz, to 6 lb, 6 oz. These increases surely underestimate the growth over three decades in the understanding of normal neonatal physiology and of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the newborn. Taeusch, Ballard, and Avery have edited the latest version of this standard text, and it is not only bigger than its predecessor (growth parameters on edition five are available on request) but also better. Strengths abound. Overall, contributors have struck a reasonable balance between basic knowledge and its clinical application. Greater emphasis has been placed on structure-function relationships in several sections; this is done to
Symptoms of cervical cancer often go unrecognised, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

About a third of young women with cervical cancer present with symptoms, but many do not see their doctor promptly and some experience delays in getting a diagnosis, a study has found.

Researchers from Queen Mary University of London set out to document how many young women with cervical cancer had experienced symptoms, whether they had reported them, and how their doctors had responded. The study followed a recommendation by the Advisory Committee on Cervical Screening to audit young women’s routes to diagnosis, …
Consecutive Brain SPECT Surface Three-Dimensional Displays Show Progression of Cerebral Cortical Abnormalities in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, J. WESSON ASHFORD, JOHN J. COUPAL, YUN U. RYO, VICKIE STIPP, SYLVIA L. MAGOUN, KELLY GROSS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose To monitor progression of cerebral blood flow deterioration, this study used consecutive surface SPECT to evaluate the feasibility of brain surface displays (BSD) to follow Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to determine whether overtime is a consistent feature of the disease. Methods Eighteen men (mean age, 75.7 years) with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with moderate to profound dementia indicated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; median score, 10; range, 0 to 19), underwent brain Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer SPECT. Brain SPECTs were obtained using a three-head gamma camera. Brain surface displays (BSD) were reconstructed from transaxial data using a threshold of 55% of the maximum pixel count. A second series of SPECTs were obtained after 5 to 23 months (except for one, which was done after 60 months). Each BSD was graded semiquantitatively, by visual interpretation, from zero to 8 (normal = 0, mild = 2, moderate = 4, severe = 6, and profound = 8) depending on the extent of the perfusion defects in the frontal, temporal, or parietal (or all of these) pattern of AD. MMSE scores were used to calculate “time index” values for estimating severity at the time of the SPECTs. Results The initial BSD scores correlated significantly with dementia severity (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). All 18 patients had decreased blood flow on consecutive SPECTs. Scores for BSD progressed at a rate of 2.5 ± 1.7 points per year and correlated significantly with the time interval between the scans (r = 0.71;P < 0.001). Conclusions The BSDs of SPECT scan data have considerable objective discriminatory power for assessing the severity and progression of AD-related hypoperfusion, particularly in the moderate to profound dementia ranges, and is potentially more reliable than the MMSE. Consecutive BSDs simplify SPECT image interpretation for measuring loss of brain function over time and could be useful for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for AD patients such as vitamin E and cholinesterase inhibitors.
Internalization pathways into cancer cells of gadolinium-based radiosensitizing nanoparticles
Authors: Wael Rima, Lucie Sancey, Marie-Thérèse Aloy, Emma Armandy, Gustavo B. Alcantara, Thierry Epicier, Annie Malchère, Lucile Joly-Pottuz, Pierre Mowat, François Lux, Olivier Tillement, Béatrice Burdin, Annie Rivoire, Christelle Boulé, Isabelle Anselme-Bertrand, Jérémie Pourchez, Michèle Cottier, Stéphane Roux, Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse, Pascal Perriat
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
The Use of Hyperbaric Oxygenation in the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction
Authors: ALBERT HEYMAN, HERBERT A. SALTZMAN, ROBERT E. WHALEN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The therapeutic usefulness of hyperbaric oxygenation in cerebral vascular disease was evaluated in 22 persons with recent neurologic deficits caused by cerebral embolism, thrombosis, hemorrhage, or arteriographic complications. Hyperoxygenation produced a significant elevation in content and tension of oxygen in blood and increased the reservoir of oxygen available for utilization by neurons. Remarkable and dramatic improvement in neurologic function occurred in four patients. The improvement persisted in two patients. In two others the neurologic deficit recurred a few hours after removal from the hyperbaric chamber; repeated exposure to high oxygen pressures was associated with only temporary improvement. In six other patients there was some evidence of clinical recovery immediately after onset of hyperoxygenation, but the neurologic deficit returned during decompression. The remaining 12 patients did not improve during hyperbaric oxygenation. These observations indicate that in some patients neuronal structures remain viable for some hours after loss of function in acute cerebral ischemia. In such instances an increase in oxygen delivery may reverse cellular ischemia and prevent death of cerebral tissues. Hyperbaric oxygenation may provide supportive therapy in some patients with acute cerebral ischemia, thereby permitting the removal of the occlusive lesion by surgery or other methods.
<i>TNFRSF1B</i>in Genetic Predisposition to Clinical Neuropathy and Effect on HDL Cholesterol and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Adam V. Benjafield, Cheryl L. Glenn, Xing Li Wang, Stephen Colagiuri, Brian J. Morris
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Genetic variation in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 gene (TNFRSF1B) has shown association with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, and essential hypertension. Here we tested the TNFRSF1B marker used in the latter studies in type 2 diabetes patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A case-control study of a microsatellite marker with five alleles (CA13– CA17) in intron 4 of TNFRSF1B was performed in 357 well-characterized white patients and 183 healthy control subjects. RESULTS—The CA16 allele was associated with clinical neuropathy (frequency = 27% in 69 patients with the condition versus 16% in 230 subjects without the condition; χ2 = 9.0, P = 0.011; odds ratio = 2.1 [95% CI 1.2–3.8]). No association was seen with other complications or diabetes itself. The CA16 allele tracked with elevation plasma HDL cholesterol (1.3 ± 0.2, 1.2 ± 0.4, and 1.1 ± 0.2 for CA16/CA16, CA16/–, and –/–, respectively; n = 9, 110, and 218, respectively; P = 0.009) and reduction in plasma glycosylated hemoglobin (6.6 ± 0.3, 8.3 ± 0.2, and 8.1 ± 0.1 for CA16/CA16, CA16/–, and –/–, respectively; n = 9, 102, 205, respectively; P = 0.007). Significance remained after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS—Genetic variation in or near TNFRSF1B may predispose clinical neuropathy, reduced glycosylated hemoglobin, and increased HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients. The latter could be part of a protective response.