tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Infection in Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: Ira Tager, Frank E. Speizer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

CHRONIC or recurrent production of sputum on most days for at least three months a year for more than two years defines the disease called chronic bronchitis.1 Although the existence of states of chronic and recurrent sputum production has been recognized for a long time, adequate description of the pathology and epidemiology of chronic bronchitis has largely taken place over the past 25 years.1 2 3 4 5 During this period an extensive clinical literature has appeared detailing the role of infectious agents in the production of both the chronic and the recurrent aspects of chronic bronchitis and the effect of antimicrobial agents in . . .
Genetic Variations On IL10 Gene and Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Shirleide Assis, Cintia R. Marques, Ryan S. Costa, Neuza M. Alcantara-Neves, Mauricio L. Barreto, Kathleen C. Barnes, Camila A. Figueiredo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Chronic hepatitis type B in childhood: longitudinal study of 35 cases.
Authors: F Bortolotti, P Cadrobbi, C Crivellaro, A Bertaggia, A Alberti, G Realdi
Journal: Gut (1981)

Clinical, virological, and histological features of hepatitis B virus infection have been examined in 35 children, aged 1 to 11 years, known to be hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers for at least six months when entering the study. Only 10 patients had a history of acute unresolved hepatitis: in the remaining cases the detection of HBsAg had been an occasional finding. Although 77% of the patients were asymptomatic, all had evidence of hepatic involvement and liver history showed the features of chronic persistent hepatitis in 18 cases and of chronic active hepatitis in 16 cases, with associated cirrhosis in two of them. One patient had only minimal histological changes. A high percentage of children with both chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis had evidence of active virus replication throughout the observation period. During the follow-up study of one to eight years (mean 3.1 +/- 1.7 years), transaminase levels became consistently normal in five patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, and inflammatory infiltrates disappeared in three of them. However, only one of these children cleared HBsAg from serum. Eleven of 16 patients with chronic active hepatitis received immunosuppressive treatment but only one of them achieved a complete and protracted remission, although active viral replication persisted. On the other hand, two of five untreated patients reached complete remission after two and three years of follow-up respectively and one of them cleared HBsAg three years later. These results would suggest the possibility of a spontaneous complete remission of HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis in children but also raise doubts about the usefulness of immunosuppressive therapy in such patients.
Anatomy of aortic atresia. Cases presenting with a ventricular septal defect.
Authors: G Thiene, V Gallucci, F J Macartney, S Del Torso, P A Pellegrino, R H Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The anatomy of 58 specimens of aortic outflow tract atresia was studied. All cases had situs solitus and levocardia, 37 had atrioventricular (AV) concordance, two had common inlet to a right ventricle and 19 had mitral atresia. The great arteries were normally interrelated in all cases. Fifty-one cases had an intact ventricular septum, while seven presented with a ventricular septal defect (VSD). Of the seven with VSD, in two it was associated with a common AV orifice draining exclusively into the right ventricle in the presence of a rudimentary left ventricular chamber. In one case a small VSD accompanied combined mitral and aortic atresia. In the other four cases the left ventricles and mitral valves were fairly normal in size; the VSD was subpulmonary in three cases, due to infundibuloventricular malalignment, and perimembranous in one. These last four cases are of particular interest since they could be amenable to surgical correction. Possible approaches to surgical treatment and morphologic features pertinent to them are described and discussed.
ERYTHROCYTE LIFE SPAN IN GROWING SWINE AS DETERMINED BY GLYCINE-2-C14
Authors: J. A. Bush, N. I. Berlin, W. N. Jensen, A. B. Brill, G. E. Cartwright, M. M. Wintrobe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Red blood cell survival studies were performed on five normal growing swine by following the C(14)-specific activity of hemoglobin and heme after the administration of glycine-2-C(14). The erythrocytes of normal growing swine appear to be destroyed both by a random and an age-dependent process. Random destruction accounts for the larger portion of the cells which are destroyed. The "mean" red cell survival time was 62 days. This represents the interval from the time of incorporation of 50 per cent of the maximal amount of labelling achieved to the time when the level had decreased once more to the 50 per cent amount. The " 'corrected' average potential life span" of the red cells was 86 +/- 11.5 days. This figure was obtained by subtracting the number of days required to attain 80 per cent of the maximal labelling from the average survival time of red cells destroyed by an age-dependent process as distinguished from random destruction.
Abstract 5189: N-cadherin promotes metastasis by enhancing motility through Akt3 suppression
Authors: Jiahong Yao, Rachel Hazan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Here we show that in vivo mammary expression of N-cadherin in the PyMT model which enhances breast tumor metastasis results in selective inhibition of Akt3 expression and phosphorylation. Similarly, exogenous expression of N-cadherin in PyMT tumor cells which enhances motility caused a dramatic reduction in Akt3 expression and activation. Moreover, knockdown of Akt3 in PyMT cells enhanced cell motility, disrupted mammary morphogenesis but had no effect on cell proliferation. Conversely, overexpression of constitutively active Akt3 inhibited cell motility, suggesting signaling through Akt3 relays motility suppression by N-cadherin. Taken altogether, these findings demonstrate that N-cadherin suppresses Akt3 to promote cell motility and highlight the intricate regulation of the AKT pathway by N-cadherin during metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5189. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5189
Experiences in a Vaginitis Clinic
Authors: C. C. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  The article by Dr. W. R. Lang on Experiences in a Vaginitis Clinic inThe Journalof Dec. 3, 1960, p. 1814, makes no mention of Neisseria gonorrheae as the causative organism in any of the many hundreds of cases of vaginitis in adults. Unless gonorrhea cases were excluded from the series without mention in the article, it is indeed most unusual if N. gonorrheae were not identified by appropriate cultural methods in any of these cases.
Operative Laparoscopy: Cholecystotomy
Authors: E. Frimberger
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

These comprise instruments for grasping and rinsing the gallbladder, for the elevation of ancillary instruments into the right angle with respect to the surface of the target organ, for the closure of gallbladder incisions with metal clips, a method for stable fixation of the trocar in the abdominal wall, and a special suspension system for the trocar and the laparoscope contained within the trocar
SANITARY MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN NEW YORK CITY AND THEIR RESULTS.
Authors: HERMANN M. BIGGS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

There is no problem which confronts the sanitary authorities of the large municipalities at the present time exceeding in its importance and magnitude that presented by the tuberculous diseases, nor is there any other sanitary proposal which offers promise of such large returns in a diminishing morbidity and mortality rate as one which provides successful measures for the prevention of tuberculosis. The problem is not a new one. The tuberculous diseases are not more prevalent than formerly; on the contrary, there has been a steady and very material decline in the death rate caused by them; but only in recent years have the sanitary authorities and the medical profession begun to partially realize the great possibilities in the restriction of this disease. A comprehension of the full meaning of the discovery of Koch on the prevention of tuberculosis has very slowly found its way into the minds of the medical
TGF-β and the endothelium during immune injury
Authors: Pairach Pintavorn, Barbara J. Ballermann
Journal: Kidney International (1997)

During immune injury, activation of endothelial cells by inflammatory cytokines stimulates leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, turns the endothelium from an anticoagulant surface to one that is frankly procoagulant, and results in the release of vasoactive mediators and growth factors. Cytokine activation of endothelial cells also results in increased endothelial cell TGF-beta 1 synthesis and enhanced activation of latent TGF-beta, the latter involving a shift of plasmin production from the apical to subendothelial surface. In cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells, TGF-beta hinders leukocyte adhesion and transmigration via inhibition of IL-8 and E-selectin expression. TGF-beta also profoundly diminishes cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase production and instead augments endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. Thus, some of the TGF-beta actions on endothelium during immune activation can viewed as immunosuppressive. TGF-beta also influences mechanisms of vascular remodeling during the healing phase of immune injury. It stimulates PDGF-B synthesis by endothelial cells, causes bFGF release from subendothelial matrix, and promotes VEGF synthesis by non-endothelial cells. Together these mediators control angiogenesis, a critical component of the vascular repair phenomenon. Further, endothelial cell derived PDGF-B and bFGF influence the proliferation and migration of neighboring cells. Thus, endothelial cells and TGF-beta actions on the endothelium play important roles both during the initial phase of immune injury and during the later remodeling phase.
The human tissue bill and the mental capacity bill
Authors: Kathleen Liddell, David K Menon, Ron Zimmern
Journal: BMJ (2004)

New regulations are necessary to make useful research possible 

Many authorities have expressed reservations about some provisions in the human tissue bill, which parliament will debate again at the end of June. Although these general concerns remain relevant, we must draw attention to another issue that has been largely glossed over—namely, the use of tissue and genetic information obtained from people with mental incapacity. The human tissue bill is one of several pieces of legislation which in their current form are likely to make research involving adult patients with critical illness, learning disability, or mental illness, either difficult or impossible.

One of the central themes of the human tissue bill is that “appropriate consent” or “qualifying consent” must be obtained before tissue from a living person may be used, stored, or genetically analysed. Failure to do so constitutes a criminal offence. Where the tissue comes from a living adult, the person himself or herself must give the consent.1 This indicates it may become a criminal offence to use, store, or genetically analyse human tissue taken from adults who lack capacity to make a decision themselves. Responding to these concerns, the government stated that an additional piece of proposed legislation, the mental capacity bill, would make it possible for a third party …
The psychiatrically violent patient
Authors: K Jones
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Chlorpromazine, amylobarbitone sodium, and haloperidol, as mentioned by Dr Short, may be use- ful but I was surprised to find no mention of droperidol.This can be given intramuscularly, or orally, in a dose of 5-10 mg and produces a calming effect without sedation within a few minutes.It is also safe in patients suffering from epilepsy.Another useful standby is paraldehyde (5-10 ml intra- muscularly or orally), which in spite of its pene- trating smell is safe, effective, and rapidly acting.If no more than 5 ml is given at any one injection site it is unlikely to produce sterile abscesses.Some of the more modern plastic syringes do not appear to be affected by paraldehyde, but it is wise to check this first.
Starting on prevention in practice
Authors: K A Macdonald-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>Background</h3> Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy in large-vessel vasculitis, including Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) <b>(1-3</b>). Clinical trials with TCZ in GCA was performed with intravenous (iv) TCZ in a phase 2 trial <b>(3</b>), and with subcutaneous (sc) TCZ in the phase 3 GiACTA <b>(4</b>). However, in GCA there are no studies comparing IV vs SC TCZ. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the efficacy of TCZ in GCA patients according to the route of administration IV-TCZ vs SC-TCZ. <h3>Methods</h3> Multicentre study of 471 patients diagnosed with GCA and treated with TCZ. They were divided into 2 groups according to the route of administration: <b>a</b>) IV, and <b>b</b>) SC. GCA was diagnosed by: <b>a</b>) ACR criteria, and/or <b>b</b>) temporal artery biopsy, and/or <b>c</b>) imaging techniques. Sustained remission was established according to EULAR definitions <b>(5</b>). <h3>Results</h3> We studied 471 patients (mean age, 74±9 years) treated with TCZ, 238 with IV-TCZ and 233 with SC-TCZ (Table 1). The time between diagnosis of GCA and TCZ onset was shorter in the SC TCZ group. Regarding acute phase reactants at the beginning of TCZ, no differences were found between both groups. There were no significant differences in sustained remission or in glucocorticoid-sparing effect of TCZ (Figure 1). Patients on IV TCZ treatment suffered more relevant adverse effects during follow-up. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In GCA, TCZ seems equally effective and safe regardless of the route of administration IV or SC. <h3>References</h3> [1]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 49: 126-135. PMID: 30655091 [2]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021; 13: 1759720X211020917. PMID: 34211589 [3]Villiger PM, et al. Lancet. 2016; 387:1921-1927. PMID: 26952547 [4]Stone JH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377:317-328. PMID: 28745999 Hellmich B, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79: 19-30. PMID: 31270110 <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None declared
The National Health: a Radical Perspective
Authors: R. Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The NHS faces misguided reorganisation, creeping privatisation, cuts, increased waiting lists, and stagnant wages. Although they are eerily familiar, these are not just today’s problems, but also those of 1988, when the east end London general practitioner and left wing activist David Widgery wrote his book The National Health .

The book was published on the 40th anniversary of the inception of the health service and was a polemical intervention against the penny pinching cuts of Margaret Thatcher’s premiership. It makes a powerful case for universal healthcare. Widgery writes movingly of being an “Atlee child,” nursed through childhood polio by the NHS, and he is keen to defend that provision.

Widgery gives a historical …
Comparison of Nomogram- and Ultrasound-Determined Renal Depths for Calculation of Glomerular Filtration Rates in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: JOELLE WALDMAN, BRIAN EISENBERG, H. GLEN MURATA, XOCHITL ANDERSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

In an informal survey, poor correlation was found between 24-hour creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rates calculated from nuclear medicine studies in spinal cord injury patients. It was speculated that the discrepancies were because the nomograms used in the calculations did not take into account differences in body fat distribution for this patient group. Twenty-five chronic spinal cord injury patients were prospectively studied to compare glomerular filtration rates (GFR) using the nomograms based on height and weight and those using renal depth determined by ultrasound. It was found that the renal depth determined by nuclear medicine was significantly less than that determined sonographically. The mean difference between the total nuclear medicine-based GFR and total ultrasound-based GFR was 17.576 ml ± 15.449 ml (P =s 0.001). It was found that there was a significant difference between calculated GFRs based on renal depths as determined by the different methods. In addition, calculated GFRs based on ultrasound-determined depths corresponded more closely to 24-hour creatine clearance levels and with a smaller degree of error than those using renal depths determined by the nuclear medicine nomograms.
Treatment of osteoporosis: current and future.
Authors: M D Stone, D J Hosking
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Treatment of osteoporosis: current and future Political parties are always seeking the 'big idea' which will encapsulate their philosophy and catch the imagination of the electorate.This is a general phenomenon, and as evidence accumulates that preventive therapy is effective the 'big idea' in osteoporosis shifts to the-treatment of established disease.The strategies which will be needed, however, differ fundamentally from those which have been so successful in prevention.
Changes in immune status in patients undergoing splenectomy for the staging of Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: B W Hancock, L Bruce, A M Ward, J Richmond
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The immune status of 17 patients with Hodgkin's disease was studied before and after splenectomy (undertaken in staging laparotomy) and during chemotherapy or after radiotherapy. The findings were compared with those in 19 patients not selected for splenectomy. Serum IgA and IgM levels became significantly lower after treatment in the splenectomy group. Cell-mediated immunity was depressed mainly in patients receiving quadruple cytotoxic chemotherapy. Neutrophil function was normal or enhanced and was unchanged after splenectomy and treatment despite changes in neutrophil counts. Three patients who underwent splenectomy suffered fatal septicaemia. These results suggest that humoral immunity is depressed by treatment in patients who have undergon splenectomy, and the benefits of early accurate staging must be weighed against the likelihood of infective complications.
Quantitative assessment of growing hair counts, thickness and colour during and after treatments with a low-fluence, home-device laser: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: D. Thaysen-Petersen, M. Barbet-Pfeilsticker, F. Beerwerth, J.F. Nash, P.A. Philipsen, P. Staubach, M. Haedersdal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background At-home laser and intense pulsed-light hair removal continues to grow in popularity and availability. A relatively limited body of evidence is available on the course of hair growth during and after low-fluence laser usage. Objectives To assess growing hair counts, thickness and colour quantitatively during and after cessation of low-fluence laser treatment. Methods Thirty-six women with skin phototypes I–IV and light to dark-brown axillary hairs were included. Entire axillary regions were randomized to zero or eight self-administered weekly treatments with an 810-nm home-use laser at 5·0–6·4 J cm−2. Standardized clinical photographs were taken before each treatment and up to 3 months after the final treatment for computer-aided quantification of growing hair counts, thickness and colour. Results Thirty-two women completed the study protocol. During sustained treatment, there was a reduction in growing hair that reached a plateau of up to 59%, while remaining hairs became up to 38% thinner and 5% lighter (P < 0·001). The majority of subjects (77%) reported ‘moderately’ to ‘much less hair’ in treated than untreated axilla, and assessed remaining hairs as thinner and lighter (≥ 60%). After treatment cessation, hair growth gradually returned to baseline levels, and 3 months after the final treatment the count and thickness of actively growing hair exceeded pretreatment values by 29% and 7%, respectively (P ≤ 0·04). Conclusions Sustained usage of low-fluence laser induced a stable reduction of growing hair counts, thickness and colour. The reduction was reversible and hairs regrew beyond baseline values after cessation of usage. Computer-aided image analysis was qualified for quantification of hair counts, thickness and colour after laser epilation.
1043 THERAPY RESPONSE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS IS AFFECTED BY COMMON VITAMIN D RECEPTOR (NR 1I1) POLYMORPHISMS
Authors: K. Baur, J. Mertens, J. Schmitt, R. Iwata, B. Stieger, P. Frei, J. Braun, B. Müllhaupt, A. Geier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Intravascular Hemolysis, Thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia, and Circulating Immune Complexes after Jejunal-Ileal Bypass Surgery
Authors: J. L. MOAKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Two years after jejunal-ileal bypass surgery for obesity, a 25-year-old man developed intravascular hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. The patient's erythrocytes were coated with complement components (C4/C3) and his serum induced complement-dependent immune lysis of chromium-51-labeled platelets. Serum [125I]-C1q binding activity (a measure of the presence of immune complexes) was increased, and serum C4 and C3 hemolytic titers were depressed. Immune complex-mediated complement activation apparently accounted for the blood cell destruction in this patient.
Persistent Cushing's Syndrome Apparently Cured by Ectopic Adrenalectomy
Authors: Gerald O. Strauch
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Bilateral total adrenalectomy failed to cure Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal hyperplasia in the case presented here. However, removal of bilateral paraovarian nodules of ectopic adrenocortical tissue resulted in abolition of Cushing's syndrome. Determination of cortisol in venous blood from various locations was useful in diagnostic evaluation.
The Role of 11C-Choline PET Imaging in the Early Detection of Recurrence in Surgically Treated Prostate Cancer Patients With Very Low PSA Level &lt;0.5 ng/mL
Authors: Marcelo Mamede, Francesco Ceci, Paolo Castellucci, Riccardo Schiavina, Chiara Fuccio, Cristina Nanni, Eugenio Brunocilla, Lorenzo Fantini, Stefano Costa, Alice Ferretti, Patrick M. Colletti, Domenico Rubello, Stefano Fanti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

This study aims to evaluate the role of (11)C-choline PET/CT in patients with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy (RP) showing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values lower than 0.5 ng/mL.We performed (11)C-choline PET/CT in 71 consecutive patients previously treated with RP showing PSA values lower than 0.5 ng/mL. (11)C-Choline PET/CT was performed following standard procedure. (11)C-Choline PET/CT-positive findings were validated by transrectal ultrasonography + biopsy, repeated (11)C-choline PET/CT, other conventional imaging modality, and histology.(11)C-Choline PET/CT was true positive in 15/71 (21.1%). (11)C-Choline uptake was observed in pelvic lymph nodes (7/71; 9.9%), in the prostatic bed (7/71; 9.9%), and in bone (1/71; 1.4%). Mean PSA, PSA doubling time (PSAdt), and PSA velocity (PSAvel) values ± SD in (11)C-choline PET/CT-positive patients was 0.37 ± 0.1 ng/mL, 3.4 ± 2.1 months, and 0.05 ± 0.1 ng/mL/yr, respectively. (11)C-Choline PET/CT was false negative in 2 patients and false positive in 1 patient. Among all variables, only PSAdt and the ongoing hormonal treatment were statistically significant in the prediction of a positive (11)C-choline PET/CT at multivariate analysis.(11)C-Choline PET/CT could be used early after biochemical failure even if PSA values are very low, preferentially in hormonal resistant patients showing fast PSA kinetics. An early detection of the site of relapse could lead to a personalized and tailored treatment.