tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune-Neuro-Endocrine Interactions: Facts and Hypotheses
Authors: HUGO OSCAR BESEDOVSKY, ADRIANA DEL REY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1996)

THE existence of mechanisms that provide immunity to an infective agent was inferred from empirical observations obtained through the ingenuity and deductive capacity of early investigators. The first procedures for vaccinations and serotherapy resulted from these observations. The implementation of these procedures, probably the most important contribution of immunology to medical science, was, at first, based on a very rudimentary knowledge of the immune system. During the first half of the 20th century, this rather primitive knowledge coincided with evidence showing that the endocrine and nervous systems integrate and regulate different bodily functions. Therefore, based on some supportive data, it was considered that immune mechanisms may also be influenced by these systems. However, at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, most efforts were directed at understanding the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response and the mechanisms of acquisition of immunological diversity and self-tolerance.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Ancestral Codon Usage Bias Parameters in Drosophila
Authors: R. Nielsen, V. L. Bauer DuMont, M. J. Hubisz, C. F. Aquadro
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

We present a likelihood method for estimating codon usage bias parameters along the lineages of a phylogeny. The method is an extension of the classical codon-based models used for estimating dN/dS ratios along the lineages of a phylogeny. However, we add one extra parameter for each lineage: the selection coefficient for optimal codon usage (S), allowing joint maximum likelihood estimation of S and the dN/dS ratio. We apply the method to previously published data from Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans, and Drosophila yakuba and show, in accordance with previous results, that the D. melanogaster lineage has experienced a reduction in the selection for optimal codon usage. However, the D. melanogaster lineage has also experienced a change in the biological mutation rates relative to D. simulans, in particular, a relative reduction in the mutation rate from A to G and an increase in the mutation rate from C to T. However, neither a reduction in the strength of selection nor a change in the mutational pattern can alone explain all of the data observed in the D. melanogaster lineage. For example, we also confirm previous results showing that the Notch locus has experienced positive selection for previously classified unpreferred mutations.
Treat Yourself, Right?
Authors: Samuel Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The lump above my clavicle burst upon my consciousness like popcorn over a gas flame, suddenly full size. Yet, at a centimeter, it clearly had taken more than a couple of days to arrive at its present dimension. An area of my body that previously received very little attention, being in need of neither daily dental flossing nor shaving, quickly became the focus of my conscious and unconscious stroking. Each day I would pause in conversation as I silently wondered how my lump was doing, or I would find the fingertips of my right hand floating gently over the area. Was it larger? Was it movable? Attached to the skin? The possibilities list was, of course, headed by the ominous. It became impossible to forget the discovery of a close friend's lymphoma during a yearly employee chest roentgenogram, while simultaneously forgetting how all medical students are successively afflicted by whatever
The Internet Workbook for Health Professionals
Authors: Mary A. Curran
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 January 1998The Internet Workbook for Health ProfessionalsMary A. Curran, RN, PhDMary A. Curran, RN, PhDUniversity of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-1-199801010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Hutchinson D. 202 pages. Sacramento, CA: New Wind Publishing; 1997. $19.95. ISBN 0965141241. Order phone 916-452-4380.Field of medicine: Medical informatics.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Health care professionals beginning to use the Internet.Purpose: To teach the skills and processes needed to use on-line medical and health-related resources.Content: The book is organized into three sections that introduce basic skills and Internet activities, show how to use Internet resources, and review the professional use of available assets. Content lists start each chapter; suggestions for on-line reading are found at the end. The seven appendices at the end of the book ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1998Volume 128, Issue 1Page: 79-80KeywordsExerciseHealth careInternet ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Age, Neuropathology, and Dementia
Authors: George M. Savva, Stephen B. Wharton, Paul G. Ince, Gillian Forster, Fiona E. Matthews, Carol Brayne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Research in Alzheimer's disease is focused mainly on younger old persons, whereas studies involving very old persons report attenuated relationships between the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.We assessed 456 brains donated to the population-based Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study from persons 69 to 103 years of age at death. We used a standard neuropathological protocol that included measures of the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease, cerebral atrophy, and cerebrovascular disease. Neuropathological variables were dichotomized to represent no burden or a mild burden of pathological lesions as compared with a moderate or severe burden. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of age on the relationship between neuropathological features and dementia.The difference in the prevalence of moderate and severe Alzheimer's-type pathological changes between persons with and those without dementia decreased with increasing age. The association between neocortical neuritic plaques and dementia was strong at 75 years of age (odds ratio, 8.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.81 to 19.60) and reduced at 95 years of age (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 0.92 to 4.14), and similar attenuations with advancing age were observed in the association between other pathological changes related to Alzheimer's disease and dementia in all brain areas. In contrast, neocortical cerebral atrophy maintained a relationship with age in persons with dementia at both 75 years of age (odds ratio, 5.11; 95% CI, 1.94 to 13.46) and 95 years of age (odds ratio, 6.10; 95% CI, 2.80 to 13.28) and thus distinguished the cohort with dementia from the cohort without dementia.The association between the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease and dementia is stronger in younger old persons than in older old persons. Age must be taken into account when assessing the likely effect of interventions against dementia on the population.
A Carrier–Protein Receptor Is Not A Prerequisite for Avid Hepatic Elimination of Highly Bound Compounds: A Study of Propranolol Elimination by the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver
Authors: Brian D. Jones, Michael S. Ching, Richard A. Smallwood, Denis J. Morgan
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

The highly efficient hepatic extraction of propranolol by the isolated perfused rat liver does not diminish when albumin binding is increased from 30 to 75%. One possible explanation of this insensitivity of propranolol uptake to changes in albumin binding is the mediation of uptake of bound ligand by an albumin receptor on the hepatocyte as postulated for oleate, taurocholic acid and rose bengal. To test this hypothesis, the hepatic extraction of propranolol was studied in the isolated perfused rat liver using α 1 –acid glycoprotein, which lacks a hepatocyte receptor, as the carrier protein in the perfusate rather than albumin. Livers were perfused with a medium containing propranolol (4 μ M ) and varying concentrations of α 1 –acid glycoprotein (0 to 25 μ M ). Hepatic extraction of propranolol was very high (0.990 ± 0.006; mean ± S.D.) and did not alter significantly despite an increase in bound fraction from 0.2 to 0.8, thus closely paralleling the findings when albumin is the carrier protein. This result indicates that bound propranolol is efficiently cleared by the liver, presumably by a “free intermediate” mechanism, in the absence of a specific carrier–protein receptor on the hepatocyte. This study does not, therefore, support the albumin receptor hypothesis.
Promoting smoking cessation in general practice
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In conclusion, the estimated risk of stroke after a TIA or minor stroke is 8-12% at seven days and 11-15% at one month.For stroke prevention to be effective, the public would need to be educated to seek medical attention urgently and services would need to be organised such that all patients with TIA or minor stroke are seen immediately.Further research is needed to determine the most effective strategy to prevent early recurrent stroke.We thank everyone who helped with this project, particularly M Giles (study physician), P Edwards (study administrator), and L Silver and L Bull (study nurses).We especially thank the participating general practitioners.The participating general practices were (name of liaison partner from each practice only): M Raine (19 Beaumont Road, Oxford),
THE METABOLISM OF STEROTBS BY SKIN TN MAN*
Authors: J. K. GRANT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article THE METABOLISM OF STEROTBS BY SKIN TN MAN Get access J. K. GRANT J. K. GRANT Department of Steroid Biochemistry, University of Glasgone Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s2, 1 March 1969, Pages 18–22, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12841.x Published: 01 March 1969
Obstinate Chronic Discharge from the Nostril Removed by Extraction of a Carious Tooth
Authors: A. Fleischmann
Journal: BMJ (1859)

ably rapid.Instead of the loathing usually expressed where turpentine has been used, there was an evident desire to take this oil, and, indeed, to continue it, when the necessity for it had cease(l.My belief is, that almost all the essential oils would do just as much goodl as the turpentine, and I do not think that I shall have recourse to the turpentine again.
Multiple Bone Metastases in a Patient with Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: MARGARET HADDON, JAMES D. SLAVIN, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Extracranial bone metastases from glioblastoma multiforme are rarely reported in the medical literature. The authors describe a case of glioblastoma multiforme with distant osseous metastases that were detected by a Tc-99m MDP image. The metastases were osteolytic and expansile on plain radiographs.
Contemporary American Surgery: Hard Data at Last
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Six years ago the American Surgical Association, in partnership with the American College of Surgeons, launched a global self-assessment of delivery of surgical care in the United States. This Study of Surgical Services for the United States (dubbed SOSSUS) was under the chairmanship of Dr. George Zuidema, of Johns Hopkins. Support was obtained from several private foundations as well as from the government (DHEW). A summary report was published in the summer of 1975, and a "Long Form Report" with full statistics and documentation will be published within the next several months.The Subcommittee on Surgical Manpower was my responsibility . . .
Long-term complications and side effects after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an update
Authors: B Mohty, M Mohty
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective therapy for various malignant and non-malignant diseases. Many patients have now been followed for two or three decades posttransplant and are presumed to be cured. With the tremendous advances achieved in terms of supportive care, it is reasonable to expect outcomes to improve steadily and consequently increasing numbers of transplant survivors will be facing life after the initial transplant experience. Although long-term allo-HSCT survivors generally enjoy good health, for many others, cure or control of the underlying disease is not accompanied by full restoration of health. The burden of long-term morbidity borne by allo-HSCT survivors is substantial, and long-term follow-up of patients who received allo-HSCT is now widely recommended. Immediate survival is no longer the sole concern after allo-HSCT. The goals should also include complete recovery of the overall health status with normal physical and psychological functioning. Long-term side effects after allo-HSCT include non-malignant organ or tissue dysfunction, changes in quality of life, infections related to abnormal immune reconstitution and secondary cancers. Many of these can be attributed to the deleterious effects of chronic graft-versus-host disease. The aims of this review are to provide an update on the recent research evidence in the field.
Natural history of monoclonal immunoglobulins.
Authors: M Seligmann, F Danon, J P Clauvel
Journal: BMJ (1971)

the major prolongation is in the Gi phase of the cell cycle.When nutritional limitations on growth are overcome evidence is obtained that crowding and contact inhibition as well as soluble metabolic factors may contribute to the limitations on proliferation.The lymphoid and plasma cells in culture provide an interest- ing, though not completely analagous, model for studies of cell proliferation in vivo.The stationary culture shift to prolonged Gl phase, like a comparable event in vivo, should make cells resistant to chemotherapeutic agents that act primarily on DNA synthesis (S phase events).Mechanisms for affecting Gl cells or bringing arrested cells out of Gl are beginning to be explored.
INCREASING TRENDS IN HOSPITALIZATION FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN AUSTRALIA: 1998-2008
Authors: Christopher X. Wong, Dennis H. Lau, Anthony G. Brooks, Darryl P. Leong, Nicholas J. Shipp, Muayad Alasady, Han S. Lim, Hany Abed, Julian Laborderie, Prashanthan Sanders
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Characterization of 5′ End of Human Thromboxane Receptor Gene
Authors: Drew D. D’Angelo, Michael G. Davis, William A. Houser, Jeremy J. Eubank, Michael E. Ritchie, Gerald W. Dorn
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Platelet thromboxane receptors are acutely and reversibly upregulated after acute myocardial infarction. To determine if platelet thromboxane receptors are under transcriptional control, we isolated and characterized human genomic DNA clones containing the 5′ flanking region of the thromboxane receptor gene. The exon-intron structure of the 5′ portion of the thromboxane receptor gene was determined initially by comparing the nucleotide sequence of the 5′ flanking genomic clone with that of a novel human uterine thromboxane receptor cDNA that extended the mRNA 141 bp further upstream than the previously identified human placental cDNA. A major transcription initiation site was located in three human tissues ≈560 bp upstream from the translation initiation codon and 380 bp upstream from any previously identified transcription initiation site. The thromboxane receptor gene has neither a TATA nor a CAAT consensus site. Promoter function of the 5′ flanking region of the thromboxane receptor gene was evaluated by transfection of thromboxane receptor gene promoter/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) chimera plasmids into plateletlike K562 cells. Thromboxane receptor promoter activity, as assessed by CAT expression, was relatively weak but was significantly enhanced by phorbol ester treatment. Functional analysis of 5′ deletion constructs in transfected K562 cells and gel mobility shift localized the major phorbol ester–responsive motifs in the thromboxane receptor gene promoter to a cluster of activator protein-2 (AP-2) binding consensus sites located ≈1.8 kb 5′ from the transcription initiation site. These studies are the first to determine the structure and organization of the 5′ end of the thromboxane receptor gene and demonstrate that thromboxane receptor gene expression can be regulated by activation of protein kinase C via induction of an AP-2–like nuclear factor binding to upstream promoter elements. These findings strongly suggest that the mechanism for previously described upregulation of platelet thromboxane receptors after acute myocardial infarction is increased thromboxane receptor gene transcription in platelet-progenitor cells.
Myocardial stiffness during hypoxic and reoxygenation contracture
Authors: M. J LEWIS, P. R HOUSMANS, V. A CLAES, D. L BRUTSAERT, A. H HENDERSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Isolated rat papillary muscle preparations were used to study hypoxic contracture, and cat papillary muscle preparations with ouabain to study reoxygenation contracture. Electronic analysis of the response to rapid small sinusoidal perturbations gave a continuous measurement of the elastic and viscous components of total stiffness. Increased resting force during hypoxic contracture was characterised by an increase in resting elastic and viscous stiffness relative to the control stiffness-active force relationships. During reoxygenation contracture the stiffness-force relationships followed those of active force development. The linear active force-elastic stiffness relationship (dt/dl=kT+c) was also reversibly altered during hypoxic contracture, predominantly by an increase in intercept c. These data imply that hypoxic contracture unlike reoxygenation contracture is not due solely to a rise in intracellular calcium, but is associated with a component of stiffness not participating an active force development, for example rigor.
Decreased early atherosclerotic lesions in hypertriglyceridemic mice expressing cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgene.
Authors: T Hayek, L Masucci-Magoulas, X Jiang, A Walsh, E Rubin, J L Breslow, A R Tall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates the transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The activity of CETP results in a reduction in HDL cholesterol levels, but CETP may also promote reverse cholesterol transport. Thus, the net impact of CETP expression on atherogenesis is uncertain. The influence of hypertriglyceridemia and CETP on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the proximal aorta was assessed by feeding transgenic mice a high cholesterol diet for 16 wk. 13 out of 14 (93%) hypertriglyceridemic human apo CIII (HuCIII) transgenic (Tg) mice developed atherosclerotic lesions, compared to 18 out of 29 (62%) controls. In HuCIII/CETPTg, human apo AI/CIIITg and HuAI/CIII/CETPTg mice, 7 of 13 (54%), 5 of 10 (50%), and 5 of 13 (38%), respectively, developed lesions in the proximal aorta (P < .05 compared to HuCIIITg). The average number of aortic lesions per mouse in HuCIIITg and controls was 3.4 +/- 0.8 and 2.7 +/- 0.6, respectively in HuCIII/CETPTg, HuAI/CIIIg, and HuAI/CIII/CETPTg mice the number of lesions was significantly lower than in HuCIIITg and control mice: 0.9 +/- 0.4, 1.5 +/- 0.5, and 0.9 +/- 0.4, respectively. There were parallel reductions in mean lesion area. In a separate study, we found an increased susceptibility to dietary atherosclerosis in nonhypertriglyceridemic CETP transgenic mice compared to controls. We conclude that CETP expression inhibits the development of early atherosclerotic lesions but only in hypertriglyceridemic mice.
Coordinated expression of the vitronectin receptor and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in metastatic melanoma cells.
Authors: J Nip, S A Rabbani, H R Shibata, P Brodt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Integrin alpha v beta 3 is a marker of progression in malignant melanoma. Previously we reported that human melanoma cells derived from regional lymph node metastases had increased alpha v beta 3-mediated adhesion to lymph node vitronectin. In the present study, the expression and function of alpha v beta 3 were further investigated with emphasis on the functional relationship between alpha v beta 3 and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system of proteolysis. We found that metastases-derived melanoma MeWo LNI 6I (6I) and MIM/8 LNI cells had a markedly increased expression of alpha v mRNA transcripts relative to the parent lines which was reflected in significantly elevated levels of the alpha v beta 3 heterodimers on the cell surface. These cells also expressed elevated levels of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) mRNA and had higher levels of surface bound urokinase plasminogen activator as detected by immunolabeling. To determine whether the expression of uPAR and alpha v were linked, alpha v synthesis in the metastatic melanoma cells was suppressed using alpha v antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. This resulted in a marked decrease in detectable alpha v mRNA and protein and a corresponding substratum-specific reduction in cell adhesion to vitronectin. When uPAR expression in these cells was subsequently analyzed, we found a reduction of approximately 50% in uPAR mRNA levels. On the other hand, ligation of the alpha v beta 3 receptor on the melanoma cells by immobilized antibody resulted in a twofold increase in uPAR mRNA. The results suggest that the expression of uPAR in metastatic melanoma cells is linked to the expression and function of the vitronectin receptor.