tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Open access clinic providing HIV-I antibody results on day of testing: the first twelve months.
Authors: S B Squire, J Elford, R Bor, G Tilsed, H Salt, E K Bagdades, G Janossy, P D Griffiths, M A Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To determine the sociodemographic profile, risk category, and prevalence of HIV-I infection among people attending a clinic providing counselling, medical advice, and results of HIV-I antibody testing on the day of consultation; to determine the stage of infection and peripheral blood CD4 cell count among attenders with detectable HIV-I antibodies.Analysis of prospectively collected data for the 12 months from March 1989.Same day testing clinic run by the HIV/AIDS team at an urban teaching hospital.561 consecutive people choosing to attend and proceeding to HIV-I testing.The demand for the service caused it to run to capacity within six months. The median age of those attending was 28 years and 65% (364 patients) were male. The overall prevalence of HIV-I infection was 3.9% (22 patients). The greatest prevalence was in men reporting their primary risk as homosexual contact (11.9%, 13/109). The median CD4 cell count in the 22 patients who had detectable HIV-I antibodies was 0.31 x 10(9) cells/l (normal range 0.5 x 10(9)/l to 1.2 x 10(9)/l). Twenty of these patients were asymptomatic (Centers for Disease Control stages II or III), 14 had CD4 cell counts below 0.5 x 10(9)/l.There is a recognisable demand for a service providing rapid results of HIV-I antibody testing in this setting. The overall seroprevalence of 3.9% is comparable with the 5.8% reported from freestanding clinics in the United States. Most patients with HIV-I antibodies detected in this way are asymptomatic but could benefit from early medical intervention because of low CD4 cell counts.
NEW CONCEPTIONS IN THE TEACHING OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: A. Balfour
Journal: BMJ (1924)

THERE lhas been a cry from Chile, faint and far distant, but lnot without a certain significance -for this country at the present time.It was raised by Dr. Alejandro Del Rio in the course of an address to the University of Chile, wherein lie bemoans the state of the public health in that South American republic.It is noteworthy that he cited England as " the cradle of hygiene," and compared the huge sum spent there annually by the State and by muni- cipalities in safeguarding and promoting the health of the populace with the two million pesos-roughly £83,333which is all that Chile in 1923 was expending for like purposes.Dr. Del Rio's address is embodied in a paper recently published.He pleads for revised sanitary organization in Chile; for a stirring of bones which, if niot dry, are yet tendinig towards desiccation; for a recognition of all that hygiene means to a modern community.He acknowledges England as the leader in that great movement which, during the last seventy years, has revolutionized health conditions in many parts of the world; but let it be noted that, in framing his budget, he takes as his basis the American stalndard of one dollar per person per year for public health work.While it is to the two great Eniglish-speaking countries of the globe that he turns, there is possibly a suggestion that, though he sees in England the fount of hygienic knowledge, he finds, in the application of that knowledge, the Ulnited States nowadays leading the way.Be that as it may, in hygienle, as in other departments of medical science, progress, as the distinguished Chilian recalls, depends on education, and the enlightenment of the people can only proceed on sound lines if those who spe- cially profess public health wtork are afforded full facilities for the study of hygiene in all its branches.Now the hygiene of to-day differs markedly from that of thirty years ago.Indeed, we may go fartlher and say that even in the last fifteen years, or, for that matter, the last ten years, the outlook in matters hygieniic has nlot only been greatly extended but has actually changed in many direc- Newman for the permeation of the medical curricuilumn with [3323J
Tubular Damage and Worsening Renal Function in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Kevin Damman, Serge Masson, Hans L Hillege, Adriaan A Voors, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Patrick Rossignol, Gianni Proietti, Savino Barbuzzi, Gian Luigi Nicolosi, Luigi Tavazzi, Aldo P Maggioni, Roberto Latini
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Legal issues of data anonymisation in research
Authors: Petra Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

quality, patient specific data is increasing in Britain and elsewhere, 21 though the use of data may be restricted by legislation. 22 ConclusionOur results support efforts to reduce unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics in the community. 23 Clear demonstration of the added value of individual data will be important in the debate about practical and reasonable methods for obtaining consent for record linkage research. 24 25
St. Bartholomew's
Authors: Miles Atkinson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Since I have an idea that you are the author of the interesting series of biographies which is appearing inThe Journal, I am writing to you personally as a Bart's man to point out a small error of protocol in the Sept 22, 1962, issue (<i>JAMA</i><b>181:</b>1071). The biography is of "Abernethy of St. Bart's." The hospital is never referred to as "St. Bart's," but as "Bart's" or "St. Bartholomew's." The other "Saint" hospitals in London having short names do not have them contracted when they are referred to, so to speak, colloquially; thus, "Thomas's men," "Mary's men," but "Bart's men." When the reference is formal, the names of all are given in full. A small matter, but perhaps worth noting.
Methods for detecting teratogenic agents in man.
Authors: T H Shepard, J R Miller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

At a multidiscipline international meeting sponsored by L'Institut de la Vie held at Guadeloupe in January 1974, current methods for detecting teratogenic agents were outlined and discussed. Recommendations of the participants of the conference were: recognize the limitations of the present defenses against teratogenic agents; educate the public and medical profession about the known human teratogenic agents; select for animal teratogenicity screening among new and existing agents by emphasizing substances to which the entire population will be exposed, agents to which pregnant women are exposed, viruses which are found to persist in the human fetus, and agents which have become suspect from clinical experience; recognize that nearly all compounds have a fetotoxic dose but that this does not imply teratogenicity; encourage the development of new, quick in vitro testing methods for detecting teratogenic agents; monitor for sudden increases in the frequency of specific malformations in newborn infants and in aborted fetuses; assure that expert multidiscipline committees are available to evaluate the threat when suspected teratogens are reported; improve teratology information storage and retrieval systems by record linkage of clinical data, linkage between computer systems, and universal identifier system for chemical compounds and congenical malformations; foster the exchange of data, particularly those held by the pharmaceutical industry.
VERONAL DERMATITIS, AND THE NEGLECT OF THE ANAMNESIS.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

InThe Journal, April 20, is an account of an eruption caused by veronal which so exactly corresponds with that which I have recently observed that it seems well to corroborate the description, as drug eruptions are often the cause of much confusion in practice; and as far as I know this particular one has not been previously recorded. <h3>History.</h3> —Mr. H., aged 67, had been under my care off and on for over ten years, with occasional attacks of eczema, principally about the face and arms. He is a wiry, fairly preserved man, though nervous, and having large business interests. I had not seen him for nine months; he had spent the summer in Europe, returning in September, and had been in good health all winter, excepting occasional indigestion. February 17 I was sent for to see him at his country home because of a sudden and very general
Sortilin deficiency improves the metabolic phenotype and reduces hepatic steatosis of mice subjected to diet-induced obesity
Authors: Liane Rabinowich, Sigal Fishman, Einav Hubel, Tamar Thurm, Woo-Jae Park, Yael Pewzner-Jung, Ashish Saroha, Noam Erez, Zamir Halpern, Anthony H. Futerman, Isabel Zvibel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Reactions to Povidone Iodine Preparation
Authors: Arvin P. Shroff
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent letter, Feldtman and co-workers (242:239, 1979) reported that altered immune status of patients may be responsible for the cutaneous erythema, induration, and papulation observed in patients treated with 10% povidine iodine (Betadine). They conclude that such cutaneous sensitivity may be an indication that the patient has altered immunocompetence or even an occult malignant neoplasm. Their conclusions have merit and should be noted by the medical community. We would like to relate similar incidences with povidone-iodine that were reported approximately 12 to 18 months ago, investigations of which led us to a different conclusion. The Food and Drug Administration received an unusually high number of complaints concerning adverse reactions, citing skin erythema, tissue necrosis, and similar other skin-related problems, with the use of 10% povidone-iodine solution. During the investigation of these reports, we found that the manufacturer had recently changed the formulation to improve product's
363. Homing of Bone Marrow Cells to the Respiratory Epithelium in a Murine Acute Infection Model
Authors: Joanna Rejman, Massimo Conese
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The main advantage of using stem cells for gene therapy is that stem cells are a self-renewing population of cells. Thus their use may reduce or eliminate the need for repeated application of the gene therapy. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been chosen as delivery cells for several reasons: they can be readily obtained from the circulating blood or the bone marrow, they can be easily identified and manipulated in the laboratory and they can be returned to the patient relatively easily by injection. In addition, HSCs "home" or migrate, to a number of different sites in the body - mainly the bone marrow, but also to liver, spleen, and other organs. The objective of our study was to establish the feasibility to repopulate damaged respiratory epithelium with isolated stem/progenitor cells. Our approach was based on published observations that circulating adult HSCs preferentially home to damaged respiratory epithelium undergoing regeneration (1, 2). To produce marked damage to the respiratory epithelium, we injected C57Bl/6 mice intra-tracheally with different amounts of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The extent of damage of the respiratory epithelium was evaluated using different methods (wet- to-dry weight ratio, protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase level inbronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] fluid, histology). Total bone marrow was isolated from GFP positive animals and injected into the tail vasculature of animals earlier infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mice were sacrificed three, five or seven days later, their lungs frozen and screened for GFP positive cells. No GFP positive cells were detected in the lungs of mice infected with 10e5 bacteria. However, when the mice were inoculated with a higher dose of bacteria (10e6), GFP-positive cells could be identified in the lungs, albeit in very small numbers. Currently, we focus on improving the system in order to home higher numbers of GFP positive cells to the respiratory epithelium. References: 1. Theise ND, Henegariu O, Grove J, et al. Radiation pneumonitis in mice: A sever injury model for pneumocyte engraftment from bone marrow. Exp Hematol 2002; 30: 1333–1338. 2. Kotton DN, Ma BY, Cardoso WV, et al. Bone marrow-derived cells as progenitors of lung alveolar epithelium. Development 2001; 128: 5181–8.
Naturally occurring C-terminally truncated STAT5 is a negative regulator of HIV-1 expression
Authors: Andrea Crotti, Marina Lusic, Rossella Lupo, Patricia M. J. Lievens, Elio Liboi, Giulia Della Chiara, Marco Tinelli, Adriano Lazzarin, Bruce K. Patterson, Mauro Giacca, Chiara Bovolenta, Guido Poli
Journal: Blood (2007)
THE EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON SURFACE SEBUM AND ACNE VULGARIS.
Authors: A. JARRETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1959)

Journal Article THE EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON SURFACE SEBUM AND ACNE VULGARIS. Get access A. JARRETT A. JARRETT University College Hospital Medical School, London, W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 71, Issue 3, 1 March 1959, Pages 102–116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1959.tb13394.x Published: 01 March 1959
Molecular basis of selective atrial fibrosis due to overexpression of transforming growth factor-β1
Authors: Dolkun Rahmutula, Gregory M. Marcus, Emily E. Wilson, Chun-Hua Ding, Yuanyuan Xiao, Agnes C. Paquet, Rebecca Barbeau, Andrea J. Barczak, David J. Erle, Jeffrey E. Olgin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

AimsAnimal studies show that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important mediator of atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation (AF). This study investigated the role of TGF-β1 in human AF and the mechanism of atrial-selective fibrosis.
FDG Uptake in Abdominal Mesh Implant on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Mustafa Yilmaz, Alper Sevinc, Necdet Aybasti, Zeki Celen, Sabri Zincirkeser
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 50-year-old man with peritoneal angiosarcoma underwent total tumor excision along with removal of the total right rectus and medial part of the left rectus muscles 1 year earlier. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed for suspected recurrence. In the anterior abdominal wall extensive subcutaneous FDG uptake showing linear hypermetabolic zone on PET slices was noted. The patient had a history of a dual mesh implant, which consists of polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride for the reinforcement of the abdominal wall during the operation. PET/CT fusion image demonstrated that the finding was due to the dual mesh implant in the anterior abdominal wall most likely representing a foreign body reaction.
Methoxyflavone derivatives modulate the effect of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human leukemic cell lines
Authors: Benjawan Wudtiwai, Bungorn Sripanidkulchai, Prachya Kongtawelert, Ratana Banjerdpongchai
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2011)

Abstract Background Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in various tumor cells, but does not affect normal cells or human leukemic cells, such as MOLT-4 and U937 cells, which are relatively resistant to TRAIL. Three flavonoids extracted from the rhizome of K. parviflora were 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF), 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (TMF) and 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF), and synthetic flavonoids including 5-methoxyflavone (5-MF) and 2'-methoxyflavone (2"-MF) were chosen for testing in this study. The aims of this study were to examine whether the treatment of TRAIL-resistant leukemia MOLT-4 and U937 cells, with methoxyflavone derivatives could enhance the apoptotic response and to identify the mechanism involved. Methods The cytotoxic effect of methoxyflavone (MF) derivatives in MOLT-4, U937 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed by the MTT assay. The induction of apoptosis and the reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) after staining with annexin V FITC and propidium iodide (PI), and 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC 6 ), respectively, were performed using flow cytometry. ROS production was determined by staining with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and processed with a flow cytometer. DR4, DR5, cFLIP, Mcl-1, BAX and Bid expression were demonstrated by immunoblotting. Caspase-8 and -3 activities were determined by using IETD-AFC and DEVD-AFC substrates and the fluorescence intensity was measured. Results All methoxyflavone derivatives were cytotoxic to MOLT-4, U937 cells and PBMCs, except DMF, TMF and PMF were not toxic to PBMCs. All MF derivatives induced human leukemic MOLT-4 cell apoptosis, but not in U937 cells. Percentage of MOLT-4 cells with (ΔΨm) was increased when treated with DMF, TMF, PMF, 5-MF and 2'-MF in the presence of TRAIL. 5-MF and 2'-MF enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the up-regulation of both DRs and the down-regulation of cFLIP and Mcl-1. Bid was cleaved and BAX was up-regulated, followed by the activation of caspase-8 and -3. Oxidative stress was also increased. 2'-MF gave the same result compared with 5-MF but with a less effect. Conclusion Methoxyflavone derivatives enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human leukemic MOLT-4 cells through the death receptors and mitochondrial pathways.
Abstract 13268: Differential Thrombin Generation by Newer Anti-Xa and Anti-IIa Drugs in Prothrombin Complex: Relevance to Endogenous Modulation of Thrombogenesis
Authors: Angel Gray, Evangelos Litinas, Debra Hoppensteadt, Bruce Lewis, Omer Iqbal, Jawed Fareed
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Several anti-Xa agents (apixaban, otamixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban) and anti-IIa agents (dabigatran and melagatran) have been developed for clinical use. These agents are strong inhibitors of f...
Chronic sarcoid synovitis in the Caucasian: an arthroscopic and histological study.
Authors: D G Scott, L O Porto, C R Lovell, G O Thomas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Chronic synovitis is a rare complication of sarcoidosis, virtually confined to the black population. Synovial histology may be nonspecific or show typical sarcoid granulomata. We report 2 cases of chronic sarcoid synovitis in Caucasians. Histology showed typical granulomata in one patient, whose distinctive arthroscopic appearance is discussed.
Hypoxia induces heat shock protein expression in human coronary artery bypass grafts
Authors: A Hammerer-Lercher
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones which are essential for cell survival. Heat shock and hypoxia markedly increase the expression of several HSPs in various tissues, i.e. heart. In our in vitro study, we investigated whether HSPs are inducible in human vessels which are used as coronary artery bypass grafts. Methods: We used remnants of the saphenous vein and the internal mammary artery from 34 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Each vessel was divided into segments, one for control conditions at 37°C (5% CO2–95% air), the remaining ones for thermal (30 min at 42°C) or hypoxic treatment (6 h oxygen deprivation with nitrogen). The expression of Hsp60, Hsp72 and Hsp73 was investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis. Results: Compared to controls, segments of the saphenous vein undergoing heat treatment showed significantly increased expression of Hsp72 in the intima (P = 0.035) and Hsp73 in the media (P = 0.003). In the internal mammary artery, Hsp72 and Hsp73 were expressed in the intima at significantly higher levels (P = 0.042 each). A 6 h oxygen deprivation with nitrogen resulted in elevated levels of Hsp60 (media: P = 0.048), of Hsp72 (intima: P<0.001 and media: P = 0.004) and of Hsp73 (intima: P = 0.029) in the saphenous vein. In the internal mammary artery, Hsp73 expression was significantly enhanced (intima: P = 0.048 and media: P = 0.017). The results were confirmed by Western-blot analysis in representative veins. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the common cellular defense mechanism of HSP expression in response to stress in coronary artery bypass grafts. Hypoxia and heat treatment strongly induce Hsp72 and Hsp73 expression in human coronary artery bypass grafts.
Effects of glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate, and theophylline on calcitonin secretion in vitro
Authors: Norman H. Bell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The secretion of calcitonin by slices of porcine thyroid glands has been investigated. Calcitonin in the incubation medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. Secretion of calcitonin was diminished when calcium or magnesium was omitted and was increased stepwise as the concentration of calcium or magnesium in the incubation medium was increased. Calcitonin secretion was augmented substantially when either the quantity of thyroid tissue or volume of incubation medium was increased. Secretion of calcitonin was stimulated by glucagon, theophylline, and dibutyryl cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate. It is concluded that calcitonin secretion is regulated by the concentration of calcium and magnesium, that secretion may be inhibited by calcitonin or a precursor and that secretion can be stimulated by increasing the concentration of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate in the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.
Brain games: Toward a neuroecology of social behavior
Authors: Jean-François Gariépy, Steve W. C. Chang, Michael L. Platt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract In the target article, Schilbach et al. defend a “second-person neuroscience” perspective that focuses on the neural basis of social cognition during live, ongoing interactions between individuals. We argue that a second-person neuroscience would benefit from formal approaches borrowed from economics and behavioral ecology and that it should be extended to social interactions in nonhuman animals.
Glucuronidation of Nicotine and Cotinine by UGT2B10: Loss of Function by the <i>UGT2B10</i> Codon 67 (Asp&amp;gt;Tyr) Polymorphism
Authors: Gang Chen, Andrea S. Blevins-Primeau, Ryan W. Dellinger, Joshua E. Muscat, Philip Lazarus
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Nicotine, the major addicting agent in tobacco and tobacco smoke, undergoes a complex metabolic pathway, with ∼22% of nicotine urinary metabolites in the form of phase II N-glucuronidated compounds. Recent studies have shown that UGT2B10 is a major enzyme involved in the N-glucuronidation of several tobacco-specific nitrosamines. In the present study, microsomes of UGT2B10-overexpressing HEK293 cells exhibited high N-glucuronidation activity against both nicotine and cotinine with apparent KM's that were 37- and 3-fold lower than that observed for microsomes of UGT1A4-overexpressing cells against nicotine and cotinine, respectively. The KM of microsomes from wild-type (WT) UGT2B10-overexpressing cells for nicotine and cotinine was similar to that observed for human liver microsomes (HLM) against both substrates. The level of glucuronidated nicotine or cotinine in 112 HLM samples was correlated with UGT2B10 genotype; the levels of nicotine- and cotinine-glucuronide were 21% to 30% lower in specimens from subjects with the UGT2B10 (*1/*2) genotype compared with specimens from subjects with the WT UGT2B10 (*1/*1) genotype; a 5- and 16-fold lower level of nicotine- and cotinine-glucuronide formation, respectively, was observed in HLM from subjects with the UGT2B10 (*2/*2) genotype. In contrast to the relatively high activity observed for cells overexpressing WT UGT2B10 in vitro, little or no glucuronidation was observed for microsomes from cells overexpressing the UGT2B10*2 variant against either nicotine or cotinine. These data suggest that UGT2B10 is the major hepatic enzyme involved in nicotine/cotinine glucuronidation and that the UGT2B10*2 variant significantly reduces nicotine- and cotinine-N-glucuronidation formation and plays an important role in nicotine metabolism and elimination. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9024–9]