tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5320: Sonic hedgehog in non-small cell lung cancer lymph node metastasis; ROS and PI3kinase/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Seungwoo Cheon, Myounghee Kang, Hanna Kang, Junglim Kim, Hyunsuk An, Hyunkoo Kim, Younga Yoo, Junsuk Kim, Sangcheul Oh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway plays an important role in the metastasis of various organs. Recently, we found that increased shh producing cells correlate with enhanced migration, invasiveness and increased lymphangiogenesis in Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of shh pathway in human NSCLC. We performed immunohistochemistry on lung tumor biopsies and the result showed the expressions of shh, Gli1, VEGF-D and LYVE1 were enhanced in lymph node metastasis specimens compared to lymph node negative lung cancer specimens. We also investigated the role of shh signaling in the invasiveness and the motility of NSCLC. We found that Shh N-terminal peptide (N-shh) enhanced cell motility and invasiveness in NSCLC, and this process was inhibited by AAD-cyclopamine (SMO inhibitor). We observed that the mRNA expressions of shh, Gli1, VEGF-D and LYVE1 were enhanced by N-shh treatment, whereas no increase of these factors was observed when KAAD-Cyclopamine (a Shh signaling inhibitor) was treated together. In addition, we confirmed that Shh-induced lymphangiogenesis and motility/invasiveness of NSCLC are also reduced by LY294002, PI-3 Kinase/Akt inhibitor meaning that shh pathway and PI-3 Kinase/Akt are strongly related. Thus, we investigated the functional relationship between Shh and Akt signaling in the metastatic progression in NSCLC. Phosphorylation of Akt was enhanced by N-Shh, but regulated by KAAD-cyclopamine or LY294002. We further analyzed the effects of shh signaling in vitro by stimulating a HMVEC with N-shh and we observed N-shh enhanced the tube formation on matrigel, but the enhancement was inhibited upon cyclopamine or LY294002 treatment. The ROS production was increased in shh-overexpressing cells. These results indicate that shh signaling pathway can contribute to ROS generation enhancing the metastatic and lymphangiogenetic potential of tumor cells. Our findings suggest that Shh-Akt signaling processes through ROS and the activation of these pathway increases the metastatic potential of non-small cell lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5320. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5320
Smell and Taste in Health and Disease
Authors: Alan R. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Smells are surer than sounds and sights to make your heart-strings crack. —Rudyard Kipling So begins this thorough compendium of current knowledge of human chemosensation. While clearly the best work available on the topic, it suffers the inevitable shortcomings of such collections: with each chapter by a different author, there is a certain disjointedness and overlapping. The editors have overcome this to a degree by organizing the book into seven parts: "Neural Basis," "Psychophysical Integration," "Chemosensory Regulation of Behavior," "Clinical Problems," "Transport Disorders," "Sensorineural Disorders," and "Systemic Conditions." With the notable absence of Robert Henkin, the authors include the gurus of chemosensation. Overall, the work represents the best scientific writing in the field. Not that the volume is without problems. The chapter on depression and the chemical senses is years out of date, referring to<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III</i>criteria (1980) rather than the<i>DSM-III-R</i>(1987).
Conflict over drug policy in Australia.
Authors: W. J. Louis
Journal: BMJ (1989)

has provoked most interest among patients, giving rise to new optimism.It does, however, present more challenges to the clinician, who now has to decide which patients are medically and psychologically suitable for transplantation.Donor organs are limited and selection is therefore essential; like all the changes that have led to increased survival of these patients transplantation has appreciable financial implications.36
Part 1The Erlanger Endo-Trainer
Authors: M. Neumann, J. Hochberger, T. Felzmann, C. Ell, W. Hohenberger
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Various issues in the field of endoscopy reinforce the need for adequate training of sufficient quality. Pressure is exerted from various sides: trainees are faced with limited time in which to gain experience in the various diagnostic and therapeutic techniques; endoscopists are required to stay in touch with the latest technological developments and treatment modalities; there are increased demands and restrictions from health reform systems which further limit time and investment possibilities. Furthermore, the risk of complications needs to be kept to a minimum in the light of the increasing legal pressure placed on endoscopists. Last but not least, the growing awareness of patients about the various treatment options and their associated risks is leading towards specific questioning about the ability of the individual endoscopist to carry out a particular procedure.
Gynaecomastia and breast cancer in men
Authors: Catherine B Niewoehner, Anna E Schorer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

#### Summary points

Breast disorders in males can be distressing for both patients and examining doctors. Patients often feel embarrassed and anxious. Although cancers are diagnosed in only about 1% of cases of male breast enlargement, practitioners may feel uncertain about how to differentiate gynaecomastia (benign breast enlargement) from malignancy and how to manage these disorders. This review covers the causes, evaluation, and treatment of gynaecomastia and the risk factors for and evaluation and treatment of breast cancer in males.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline for English language papers with the key words “gynaecomastia”, “gynecomastia”, and “male breast cancer”; the Cochrane database for clinical trials; our personal archives of references; and websites with those terms. We also referred to our institutional experience with gynaecomastia and male breast cancer.

Gynaecomastia is the benign enlargement of male breast tissue (>2 cm palpable, firm, subareolar gland and ductal tissue) resulting from a relative decrease in androgen effect or increase in oestrogen effect. Breast enlargement due to adipose tissue is called pseudogynaecomastia.

Male breast tissue contains receptors for androgen, oestrogen, and progesterone. Oestrogen stimulates duct development and progesterone stimulates alveolar development in the presence of the …
Darkness at Scientific Meetings
Authors: Julius G. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The antiquated and illogical custom of plunging a meeting into stygian darkness prompted an analysis of the periods spent in darkness during the second day of the June meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association. On this day 14 papers and one panel discussion were on the program. When the periods without light were timed, it was found that impenetrable darkness was present 74% of the time required for the presentation of the papers. The panel's discussion reduced the total blackout time to 64%, still an inordinately lengthy period of darkness. One picture (or slide) is still worth a thousand words, but not when darkness negates learning. The caliber of modern slides and the capacity of current projectors permit viewing the vast majority of slides with lighting quite adequate for note-taking and dispelling somnolence. It would seem proper, that at future meetings only the lights near the screen
Familial Occurrence of Meckel's Diverticulum
Authors: Howard J. Lewenstein, Sabin S. Levenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

MECKEL'S diverticulum is the most frequent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, being found in 0.8 per cent of 44,163 collected autopsies. Though the surgical aspects of the disease have been dealt with thoroughly and frequently, only 3 cases of familial occurrence have been reported. In the earliest report that we have found, which appeared in 1955,1 there were 4 cases in one family: a twenty-nine-year-old mother with gangrenous diverticulitis; her 2 sons; and her twenty-seven-year-old sister. Another report (also in 1955)2 described bleeding of a peptic ulcer in Meckel's diverticulum in a nine-year-old boy whose seven-year-old brother had had . . .
SOME ASPECTS OF THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: A. H. Douthwaite
Journal: BMJ (1929)

surgical treatment.Most of them were not true recur- rences, but dated from the time of one's appreinticeship to surgery, when dissections were not so thoroughly perform-led.Excision of the gland-bearing fascia with a sharp scalpel is preferable to blunt dissection of individual glands with a Mavo's scissors.One case reported with several large glands in th-e anterior triangle after two p)evious dis- sections by a eompctent surgeon.On removing the glands for a third time a small abscess was found deep to the digastric muscle, and extending towards the pharyngeal wall.Any focus of infection may act as a stimuluis to recurrenoe, and small particles of lymphoid material may grow-and ultimately function as glands.It has also been said that lymphadenoid tissue, metamorphosed into fat,-- may resume its original lymphadenoid structure.Condition of Scars following Dissection (see Table IV).-In 84 per cent.fine linear scars were piresent, with no suspicion of-redness or surface prominence; of these, 40 to 50 per cent.were practically invisible unless the neck was closely inspected, A -few-broad scars ae to be expectedin cases reporting ,with -abseesses or siniuseswhen the-sub- cutaneous tissue had-lai7geLy -slotughed away.No case of.
Immigrants and Health Care
Authors: Steven Asch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 September 1995Immigrants and Health CareSteven Asch, MD, MPHSteven Asch, MD, MPHUniversity of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA 90033Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I wholeheartedly agree with Dr. Evans that the recent California initiative limiting access to health services for undocumented immigrants may increase communicable disease rates. He stated that “in all likelihood, few immigrants would be compelled to leave the state because of the initiative; they would instead potentially spread the disease and remain ignorant of their disease status out of fear of requesting any health care service” [1]. However, he cited no data to support this reasonable conclusion.Data from a recent study conducted by the University of Southern California and Los Angeles Tuberculosis Control lend credence to ...References1. Evans CA Jr. Immigrants and health care: mounting problems [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:309-10. Google Scholar2. Asch S, Leake B, Gelberg L. Does fear of immigration authorities deter tuberculosis patients from seeking care? West J Med. 1994; 161:373-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Steven Asch, MD, MPHAffiliations: University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA 90033 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 6Page: 476KeywordsFearHealth careLesionsMedical servicesMotivation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tuberculosis infection process pinpointed
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Genetic aspects of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease were studied in familial and isolated cases. Complex segregation analysis with pointers was performed in 38 kindreds with two or more affected members. Dominant inheritance with almost complete penetrance in the highest age classes (0.96 at 51 to 60 and 0.99 at 61 to 70 years) was confirmed and there was no evidence of heterogeneity between families ascertained through complete and incomplete selection. The point prevalence of heterozygotes in East Anglia was 1.89/100,000 (1/53,000) persons with an estimated birth incidence of 2.73/100,000 (1/36,000) live births. Reproductive fitness was 0.83. Direct and indirect estimates of the mutation rate were 4.4 (95% CI 0.9 to 7.9) x 10(-6)/gene/generation and 2.32 x 10(-6)/gene/generation respectively. There was no significant association between parental age or birth order and new mutations for VHL disease.
TCT-836 Operator Radiation Exposure During Transradial Coronary Angiography in Obese Patients
Authors: Ivan Gomez-Blazquez, Victor Jimenez Diaz, Alberto Ortiz Saez, Antonio De Miguel Castro, Guillermo Bastos Fernandez, Jose A. Baz Alonso, Lucia Rioboo Leston, Andres Iñiguez Romo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
DN-02 * VULNERABILITY AND R ESISTANCE TO Wee1 INHIBITION IN GBM
Authors: H. Dhruv, A. Nelson, T. Whitsett, N. Tran, M. Berens
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Approximately 87% of GBMs have abnormalities in the p53 pathway. In the absence of functional p53, cell cycle G1 checkpoint control is compromised, and proliferative cells become highly reliant on G2 checkpoint control, largely regulated by Wee1 kinase. Activated Wee1 inhibits CDC2 function, thereby promoting G2 cell cycle arrest, preventing cells from entering mitosis in order to repair DNA. In tumor cells with p53 loss of function, inhibitors of Wee1 would heighten DNA damage due to compromised control of both G1 and G2 checkpoints. AZD1775 is a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of Wee1 kinase, which demonstrates in preclinical studies, enhanced cytotoxic effect in combination with several chemotherapeutic agents. In this work, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of Wee1 by AZD1775 as a single agent, in addition to cell cycle consequences, results in double-strand DNA breaks. We posit that the DNA-damaging effects of AZ1775 are greater in tumors with p53 aberrations, but also are dependent on (i) activity of Mus81-Eme1 endonuclease complex during S phase, recently shown to be regulated by Wee1 and (ii) assembly and activity of γH2A.X-mediated DNA double strand break (DSB) repair complex consequent to uncontrolled Mus81-Eme1 endonuclease activity. We selected an array of short-term cultures of glioma patient derived xenograft models (GBM43, GBM28, GBM79, GBM84, GBM46, GBM10) with aberrant and wild type G1 checkpoint pathways and investigated cytotoxic effects of AZ1775 as a single agent. Our results demonstrate that glioma xenograft cell lines harboring TP53 mutation show more sensitivity to Wee1 inhibition (IC50 < 1.5 µM) as compared to xenograft cell lines harboring wild type TP53 (IC50 > 1.5 µM). Further, effect on AZD1775 sensitivity after Mus81 and Eme1 depletion in glioma cells by siRNA oligonucleotides was also investigated. In summary, our results demonstrate that AZD1775, as a single agent, may be effective therapy in treatment of GBM harboring TP53 mutations.
PREDICTORS OF ANGIOGRAPHIC RESTENOSIS AFTER SIROLIMUS ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATIONS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: IMPACT OF REFERENCE VESSEL DIAMETER AND LESION SITE
Authors: Yasushi Fuku, Kazushige Kadota, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shingo Hosogi, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A patient with persistent hiccups and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: E Redondo-Cerezo, M Vinuelas-Chicano, G Perez-Vigara, C J Gomez-Ruiz, N Sanchez-Manjavacas, C Jimeno-Ayllon, A Perez-Sola
Journal: Gut (2008)

A 21-year-old woman came to our gastroenterology clinic because of persistent hiccups. She had suffered pyrosis for some months before, and had continuous hiccups with a nocturnal worsening that caused insomnia. …
Beta adrenergic receptors in lymphocytes and granulocytes from patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: P B Davis, L Dieckman, T F Boat, R C Stern, C F Doershuk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Intact lymphocytes from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) produce significantly (P less than 0.001) less adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) than normal lymphocytes in response to isoproterenol (10(-8)-10(-4) M), although the basal cAMP content and the response to prostaglandin E1 are normal. Obligate heterozygotes for CF have significantly (P less than 0.005) reduced cAMP response to isoproterenol as well, suggesting a genetic component in the beta adrenergic deficiency in CF. The number of beta adrenergic receptors, as determined by equilibrium binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol to lymphocyte particulates, is the same in normal lymphocytes (969 +/- 165 receptors/cell) and lymphocytes from patients with CF (1,333 +/- 263 receptors/cell). Binding properties of the receptor for both antagonist and agonist, as assessed by KD for dihydroalprenolol and Ki for (-)-isoproterenol, are also normal in the CF lymphocytes. Similarly, in granulocytes from patients with CF, the cAMP response to isoproterenol (10(-8)-10(-4) M) is significantly reduced compared with healthy controls (P less than 0.03), as is the response of granulocytes from obligate heterozygotes (P less than 0.05). Again, the basal cAMP levels and the response to prostaglandin E1 are normal. The number of beta adrenergic receptors, as determined by equilibrium binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol to granulocyte particulates, was the same in normal (1,462 +/- 249 receptors/cell) and CF (1,621 +/- 221 receptors/cell) preparations. Binding properties of the receptor for both agonist and antagonist, as assessed by KD for dihydroalprenolol and Ki for isoproterenol, are normal in CF granulocyte particulates. The lymphocyte and granulocyte beta adrenergic defect in CF cannot be explained by abnormalities of the beta adrenergic receptor or of adenylate cyclase itself. Receptor-cyclase coupling is the most likely site of the heritable beta adrenergic defect in CF.
PREVENTION OF REJECTION OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY DIRECTED AGAINST INTERLEUKIN 2
Authors: J.P. Soulillou, B. Le Mauff, D. Olive, M. Delaage, P. Peyronnet, M. Hourmant, C. Mawas, M. Hirn, Y. Jacques
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Will Genetics Revolutionize Medicine?
Authors: N A Holtzman, T M Marteau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

On both sides of the Atlantic, revolutionary claims have been made about the ultimate impact of genetics on clinical medicine. John Bell at Oxford has asserted that “within the next decade genetic testing will be used widely for predictive testing in healthy people and for diagnosis and management of patients. . . . The excitement in the field has shifted to the elucidation of the genetic basis of the common diseases.”1 And in the United States the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, Francis Collins, has stated that the good that would come from mapping the human genetic . . .
Protective role against restenosis from an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism in patients treated with coronary stenting
Authors: Adnan Kastrati, Werner Koch, Peter B Berger, Julinda Mehilli, Katherine Stephenson, Franz-Josef Neumann, Nicolas von Beckerath, Corinna Böttiger, Gordon W Duff, Albert Schömig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Maintenance of Metabolic Homeostasis by Sestrin2 and Sestrin3
Authors: Jun Hee Lee, Andrei V. Budanov, Saswata Talukdar, Eek Joong Park, Hae Li Park, Hwan-Woo Park, Gautam Bandyopadhyay, Ning Li, Mariam Aghajan, Insook Jang, Amber M. Wolfe, Guy A. Perkins, Mark H. Ellisman, Ethan Bier, Miriam Scadeng, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Jerrold Olefsky, Michael Karin
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Unusual Aurae in Two Cases of Epilepsy
Authors: B. D. Wyke
Journal: BMJ (1951)

DETECTING CORTISONE IN BODY FLUIDS MBRnJOHThe response to extracts of normal urine is fairly wide, but the drop in eosinophil count, after the equiva- lent of 12 hours' urine from " normal " hospital patients, is usually between 20 and 60% under the conditions we have used, the mean for a small group being 46%.This is equivalent to about 10 jug. of cortisone a day.Such a figure is considerably lower than has been found by other methods (Venning et al., 1946), and a consider- ably higher amount has actually been isolated from v~~~~~~~~~Ũ | --tsI|au|_"|o |
The Electric Field of an Eccentric Dipole in a Homogeneous Spherical Conducting Medium
Authors: FRANK N. WILSON, ROBERT H. BAYLEY
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The electrical position of the heart with reference to the electrodes used in studying its field is unknown. For reasons presented, it is more likely eccentric; hence, the equation defining the field of an eccentric dipole in a spherical medium might be useful for projected experimental studies and for better understanding of the way in which a given electrical position determines the electrode potentials. A method introduced by Helmholtz was used for deriving the desired equation. It is discussed since its concepts are of considerable importance to other electrocardiographic problems, too. The more simple mathematical example dealing with the centric dipole in the sphere is discussed. The equation for the field of the eccentric dipole is given and data based upon it are presented in numerical and map form. The Helmholtz equation for the field in the spherical conductor produced by two small spherical electrodes arbitrarily located is also presented and briefly discussed.