tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of the wavefront of myocardial necrosis by chronic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in dogs.
Authors: K C Dellsperger, J L Clothier, J A Hartnett, L M Haun, M L Marcus
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Previous studies have shown that hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (HT-LVH) increase completed infarct size. Myocardial infarction progresses in a wavefront of myocardial necrosis from the subendocardium to the subepicardium. We tested two hypotheses: First, HT-LVH accelerates the wavefront of myocardial necrosis when compared with normotensive animals; and second, lowering of arterial pressure by infusing nitroprusside 1 hour after coronary artery occlusion exerts a salutary effect on infarct size. To test these hypotheses, systemic hypertension (mean aortic pressure = 141 +/- 3 mm Hg) and left ventricular hypertrophy (18% increase in left ventricular mass) were induced in dogs using a single-kidney, single-clip model. Seventeen adult mongrel dogs were used as controls. We measured mean aortic pressure, heart rate, left atrial pressure, and myocardial perfusion (microspheres) in several groups of normal and HT-LVH awake dogs. In two groups (normal and HT-LVH), 1 hour of circumflex coronary artery occlusion was followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. In two additional groups (normal and HT-LVH), 3 hours of circumflex coronary artery occlusion was followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion. In another group with HT-LVH, nitroprusside was infused to reduce mean arterial pressure to 100 mm Hg beginning 1 hour after occlusion and was continued for the duration of reperfusion period (HT-LVH + N). Infarct size was assessed using triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain and risk area was determined using postmortem barium angiography. Fifteen of 17 (88%) control animals survived coronary artery occlusion, whereas only 17 of 42 (40%) dogs with HT-LVH survived coronary occlusion (p less than 0.05). Infarct-to-risk ratios in the various layers of the left ventricular wall were determined for survivors in all groups. After 1 hour of coronary occlusion more than twice as much mid-wall and epicardium was infarcted in the HT-LVH group compared with the control group. After 3 hours of coronary occlusion significantly more endocardium, mid-wall, and epicardium was infarcted in the dogs with HT-LVH. In the nitroprusside-treated HT-LVH dogs, the infarct sizes were similar to control animals. From these data we conclude: 1) the rate of infarction is accelerated in animals with HT-LVH; 2) nitroprusside infused 1 hour after coronary artery occlusion and continued throughout the reperfusion period exerts beneficial effect on infarct size when compared with control animals; and 3) acute coronary artery occlusion in animals with HT-LVH is associated with significantly greater mortality when compared with control animals.
Persistence of minimal residual disease in bone marrow predicts outcome in follicular lymphomas treated with a rituximab-intensive program
Authors: Marco Ladetto, Chiara Lobetti-Bodoni, Barbara Mantoan, Manuela Ceccarelli, Carola Boccomini, Elisa Genuardi, Annalisa Chiappella, Luca Baldini, Giuseppe Rossi, Alessandro Pulsoni, Francesco Di Raimondo, Luigi Rigacci, Antonello Pinto, Sara Galimberti, Alessia Bari, Delia Rota-Scalabrini, Angela Ferrari, Francesco Zaja, Andrea Gallamini, Giorgina Specchia, Pellegrino Musto, Francesca Gaia Rossi, Enrica Gamba, Andrea Evangelista, Umberto Vitolo
Journal: Blood (2013)
Immunoglobulin E‐ (IgE) and non‐IgE‐mediated reactions in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS)
Authors: E. J. Bardana
Journal: Allergy (2004)

AEDS is a chronic, relapsing, highly pruritic inflammatory skin disease that commonly begins in childhood. Two forms of this disorder exist, i.e. an allergic (extrinsic) form and a nonallergic (intrinsic) form. There are clear genetic, humoral and cellular differences between the allergic and nonallergic forms of AEDS. The allergic variants express local IgE production in affected tissue and both allergic and nonallergic triggers play a major role in the expression of disease. The role of allergens is very important in the immunopathogenesis of AEDS. Nonimmunological triggers play a secondary modulatory role often hampering treatment effort and optimal response to therapeutic efforts.
Cardiology: A Clinicophysiologic Approach
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

On the basis of their practice at St. Vincent's Hospital, the editors of<i>Cardiology</i>have enlisted 16 fellow staff members in an effort to "blend basic physiology and clinical information." This effort is a qualified success. Most chapters, notably those by Ayres, Gregory, and Rossi, are extremely well written. Chapter 3 (Carella et al) presents a concise, well-illustrated introduction to cardiac radiology. "Cardiac Function" by Ayres is a superb précis of muscle mechanics with a good discussion of exercise, nicely complemented by Gregory and Mueller's conscientious review of abnormal ventricular function and Gnoj's "Cardiac Catheterization." "Chronic Valvular Disease" (Ayres) is a minor classic. Concise and accurate, "Diagnosis of Arrhythmias" by Kennedy very successfully inverts the usual ratio of attention to common arrhythmias (eg, A-V dissociation gets three times the space of atrial fibrillation). In any multi-authored text restricted to a single staff, one might anticipate unevenness and errors, and there
Anisocoria From Scopolamine Patches
Authors: Daniel C. Love
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  I am writing to correct an error noted in Dr Price's 1 letter, Anisocoria From Scopolamine Patches. Dr Price describes the case of a 25-year-old woman who developed lethargy, diarrhea, and a fixed and dilated pupil associated with a scopolamine patch prescribed prior to a trip on a yacht. Presumably, she inadvertently transferred scopolamine to her eye from touching or manipulating her patch. In his discussion of this case, however, Dr Price states that scopolamine contamination can be confirmed by prompt and extensive constriction of the pupil after instillation of 0.5% to 1.0% pilocarpine hydrochloride in the affected eye. The correct response is that failure of a dilated pupil to constrict to 0.5% to 1.0% pilocarpine is diagnostic of chemical blockade of the iris sphincter in the absence of a history of traumatic iridoplegia, acute angle closure glaucoma, or previous iris disease that would make the iris
Case 39-1977
Authors: Seymour Rosen, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseAn 11-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of azotemia.She was well until eight days previously, when a sore throat developed. On the following day fever and cervical pain appeared, and she experienced urinary frequency, urgency and dysuria; aspirin was administered. Six days before entry there was the onset of a nonpruritic, erythematous, papular rash over the trunk and extremities; the rash subsided during the next two or three days. Five days before admission she complained of headache, and her temperature rose to 38.9°C. Three days before entry dark urine was observed. On the following . . .
High avidity myeloid leukemia-associated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells preferentially reside in the bone marrow
Authors: J. Joseph Melenhorst, Phillip Scheinberg, Pratip K. Chattopadhyay, Emma Gostick, Kristin Ladell, Mario Roederer, Nancy F. Hensel, Daniel C. Douek, A. John Barrett, David A. Price
Journal: Blood (2008)
The Classification of Diabetes by Clinical and C-Peptide Criteria: A prospective population-based study
Authors: F John Service, Robert A Rizza, Bruce R Zimmerman, Peter J Dyck, Peter C O'Brien, L Joseph Melton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate both the concordance in the classification of diabetes by clinical and C-peptide criteria and, prospectively, the consistency of the classification by C-peptide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Individuals with diabetes who were enlisted in the prospective epidemiological study of diabetic neuropathy (Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study [RDNS]) were classified clinically by National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria to IDDM and NIDDM at entry to the study. In addition, C-peptide response to 1 mg glucagon was measured at entry for the classification to IDDM (basal C-peptide, &amp;lt; 0.17 pmol/ml; increment above basal, &amp;lt; 0.07 pmol/ml) and NIDDM (all other responses) and for concordance with the clinical classification made. The consistency of the C-peptide response was assessed every 2 years for up to 8 years. RESULTS Among 346 individuals with diabetes, 84 were classified as IDDM and 262 as NIDDM by clinical algorithm. COncordance with the C-peptide response occurred in 89% of the patients and remained consistent during 8 years of follow-up. Among the 37 patients with discordant clinical and C-peptide classification, those considered clinically to have NIDDM had a consistent IDDM C-peptide response during follow-up, and most of those considered to have IDDM clinically eventually showed an IDDM C-peptide response during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Clinical criteria for the classification of diabetes are highly correlated with the assessment of insulin secretory reserve. A small number of individuals considered to have NIDDM clinically or by C-peptide have or develop an IDDM peptide response.
Specialists or generalists? The Medical Outcomes Study
Authors: D. J. Balestra
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  — Primary care medicine has recently scored the academic equivalent of the triple-double in basketball or the hat trick in hockey. Articles and editorials in theAnnals of Internal Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, andJAMAhave addressed either the manpower shortages in primary care or the putative economic consequences of the specialist/generalist distribution in the United States.1-6As a general internist, geriatrician, and member of a medical school admissions committee, I wish to challenge some of the opinions offered in the editorials and express a few of my own.  Intelligence, commitment to medicine, skill, and humanism are desirable attributes in all physicians, not only in primary care physicians. Patients and most of my specialist colleagues would agree.  I am unwilling to concede that surgical or support specialities and subspecialities are more glamorous. In reality, most primary care physicians value professional recognition, financial rewards, and professional
Every Good Boy Deserves Favour
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In February 2008 Roman Nikolaychik, a parliamentary candidate for the opposition Other Russia party, was detained without explanation in a psychiatric hospital, laments Tom Stoppard in the latest foreword to his play written three decades before.

“Would a Soviet doctor put a sane man into a lunatic asylum?” the head of the hospital asks Alexander, the protagonist of Stoppard’s play. If he admits madness, his doctor has promised that he will be discharged and can see his son again. But Alexander’s only diagnosed pathology is to have publicly criticised the state. He knows that he is sane, and his conscience won’t allow him to …
Cardiovascular Surgery in Jehovah's Witnesses
Authors: David A. Ott
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Jehovah's Witnesses who require operation represent a challenge to the physician because of the patients' refusal to accept blood transfusion. We report a 20-year experience with a consecutive series of 542 Jehovah's Witness patients ranging in age from 1 day to 89 years who underwent operation. Early mortality (within 30 days after operation) was 9.4%. In 362 patients requiring temporary cardiopulmonary bypass, early mortality was 10.7%. Mortality was 13.5% among 126 patients who had single- or double-valve replacement. The only deaths among patients who had aortic valve replacement or repair of a ventricular septal defect occurred in those who had some serious complication before operation. Preoperative or postoperative anemia was a contributing factor in 12 deaths, and loss of blood was the direct cause of three deaths. Cardiovascular operations can be performed safely without blood transfusion.
The hemodynamic status of preascitic cirrhosis: An evaluation under steady-state conditions and after postural change
Authors: Mauro Bernardi, Claudio de Marco, Franco Trevisani, Carlo de Collibus, Lorenzo Fornalé, Mario Baraldini, Pietro Andreone, Carmela Cursaro, Fabio Zacá, Amedeo Ligabue, Giovanni Gasbarrini
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

To assess the hemodynamic status of patients with compensated cirrhosis, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index and peripheral vascular resistance and markers of central (plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor) and arterial volemia (plasma norepinephrine concentration, plasma renin activity) were studied in 10 patients and 10 healthy control subjects under steady-state conditions (after 2 hr of standing) and after assumption of the supine position (30, 60, and 120 min). After standing, neither hemodynamics nor markers of effective volemia differed significantly between controls and patients. By evaluating the areas under the curve during the 2 hr of supine posture, the increase in cardiac output and plasma natriuretic factor and the decrease in peripheral vascular resistance were greater in patients (2.59 ± 0.43 [S.E.M.] L/min/hr; 32.8 ± 7.2 pg/ml/hr − 1,103 ± 248.4 dyn · sec/cm5/hr, respectively) than in controls (0.53 ± 0.24 L/min/hr, p = 0.005; 17.4 ± 4.7 pg/ml/hr, p = 0.005; − 265.5 ± 206.2 dyn · sec/cm5/hr, p = 0.02). The declines in heart rate, plasma norepinephrine concentration and plasma renin activity did not differ significantly. Mean arterial pressure did not significantly change. Our results suggest that during periods of upright posture, cirrhotic patients in the preascitic stage, who are known to have expanded blood volume, compensate for dilatation of the splanchnic vascular bed through total hypervolemia. The latter becomes excessive during recumbency, leading to supernormal increases in venous return, central volemia and cardiac index. The decline in peripheral vascular resistance appears to be a compensatory mechanism to maintain steady arterial blood pressure. Thus increased cardiac index and reduced peripheral vascular resistance in recumbent compensated cirrhotic patients may represent a physiological adaptation rather than a primitive vascular abnormality. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:341–346.)
NOTE ON GAUGING VESICAL CAPACITY.
Authors: G. FRANK LYDSTON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The determination of the capacity of the bladder is often a very important point in the study and treatment of vesical disease. While the amount of urine that the bladder will retain without serious discomfort is by no means an infallible criterion of the extent of vesico-parietal pathologic alterations, it is nevertheless often of positive value from that standpoint. As indicative of the progress of certain cases under treatment it is often invaluable. As indicating the relative degree of impairment of elasticity of the bladder walls and the presence, degree and progress of pericystitis, the capacity of the bladder is one of the most important points for the consideration of the surgeon. The ordinary method of injecting the bladder hydrostatically —as with the fountain syringe or glass irrigating apparatus, with or without catheter or tube—is open to serious impeachment on the grounds of inaccuracy. The reasons for this inaccuracy I
Salbutamol by various routes.
Authors: P D Semple, J S Legge
Journal: BMJ (1976)

respiratory arrest and died.No additional informa- tion was obtained at post-mortem examination.Presumably in our patient the normal blood loss from the corpus luteum was magnified by anticoagulation.Menorrhagia and irregular prolonged menstrual cycles are common in renal failure, but some of these cycles are ovulatory.1Often an oral contraceptive agent is advised to reduce the menstrual blood loss in these patients, who are already anaemic.A more simple approach would be to use medroxyprogesterone 150 mg intramuscularly three-monthly.This would prevent ovulation and conception and would perhaps abolish menstruation.There may therefore be a place for the regular use of a long-acting progester- one in some menstruating women being treated by chronic haemodialysis.
Integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling of mouse mammary tumor models identifies miRNA signatures associated with mammary tumor lineage
Authors: Min Zhu, Ming Yi, Chang Hee Kim, Chuxia Deng, Yi Li, Daniel Medina, Robert M Stephens, Jeffrey E Green
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, endogenous RNAs involved in regulating gene expression and protein translation. miRNA expression profiling of human breast cancers has identified miRNAs related to the clinical diversity of the disease and potentially provides novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for breast cancer therapy. In order to further understand the associations between oncogenic drivers and miRNA expression in sub-types of breast cancer, we performed miRNA expression profiling on mammary tumors from eight well-characterized genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of human breast cancer, including MMTV- H-Ras , - Her2 / neu , - c - Myc , - PymT , - Wnt1 and C3(1)/SV40 T / t -antigen transgenic mice, BRCA1 fl/fl ; p53 +/- ;MMTV- cre knock-out mice and the p53 fl/fl ;MMTV- cre transplant model. Results miRNA expression patterns classified mouse mammary tumors according to luminal or basal tumor subtypes. Many miRNAs found in luminal tumors are expressed during normal mammary development. miR-135b, miR-505 and miR-155 are expressed in both basal human and mouse mammary tumors and many basal-associated miRNAs have not been previously characterized. miRNAs associated with the initiating oncogenic event driving tumorigenesis were also identified. miR-10b, -148a, -150, -199a and -486 were only expressed in normal mammary epithelium and not tumors, suggesting that they may have tumor suppressor activities. Integrated miRNA and mRNA gene expression analyses greatly improved the identification of miRNA targets from potential targets identified in silico . Conclusions This is the first large-scale miRNA gene expression study across a variety of relevant GEM models of human breast cancer demonstrating that miRNA expression is highly associated with mammary tumor lineage, differentiation and oncogenic pathways.
Effects of CPAP on cardiac output in pigs with pacing-induced congestive heart failure.
Authors: J Genovese, S Huberfeld, A Tarasiuk, M Moskowitz, S M Scharf
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may improve left ventricular (LV) function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). To understand mechanisms involved, in nine sedated, unanesthetized pigs with pacing-induced CHF we measured cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), LV pressures and volumes, ejection fraction (LVEF), and maximal rate of LV pressure rise (dp/dtmax). LV end-systolic transmural pressure (afterload) was estimated as LV end-systolic pressure (LVESP)-CPAP. Measurements were taken at CPAP 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O and during recovery. At CPAP 5 cm H2O, CI increased from 4.23 +/- 1.00 to 4.99 +/- 0.88 L/min/m2 (p < 0.005), LV end-systolic volume decreased from 82.3 +/- 32.1 to 72.7 +/- 30.3 ml (p < 0.04) and LVEF increased from 0.30 +/- 0.09 to 0.36 +/- 0.12 (p < 0.02), and dp/dtmax increased. LVESP-CPAP was unchanged. After CPAP was discontinued, there was a rise in CI (p < 0.03), HR (p < 0.03), LVESP (p < 0.02), dp/dtmax (p < 0.02) and a decrease in total peripheral resistance (p < 0.03). We conclude that in CHF, low levels of CPAP improved CI, at least partly by improving contractility. Increased CI after discontinuing CPAP may be due to sympathoadrenal stimulation or withdrawal of alpha-adrenergic tone.
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Harry Goldblatt, Joseph R. Kahn, Harvey A. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Persistent hypertension has been produced in the goat and sheep by constriction of the main renal arteries. The presence or absence of accompanying uremia depends upon the degree of constriction of the renal arteries. In both sheep and goat, constriction of one main renal artery also caused elevation of the blood pressure which tended to persist longer than in the dog. Excision of the one kidney with main renal artery constricted resulted in a prompt (24 hours) return of the blood pressure to normal. In the animals with hypertension of long duration but without renal excretory insufficiency, (the "benign" phase) no significant arterio- or arteriolosclerosis developed as a result of the hypertension alone. In the animals that had both hypertension and renal excretory insufficiency, (the "malignant" phase) the typical terminal arteriolar lesions developed in many organs. These lesions consisted of necrosis and fibrinoid degeneration of arterioles and necrotizing arteriolitis which should not be confused with arteriolosclerosis. The same humoral mechanism which is responsible for experimental renal hypertension in the dog and other animals also obtains in the pathogenesis of experimental renal hypertension in the sheep and goat.
THE IMPACT OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY EDUCATION ON THE PRACTICE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS
Authors: C Heaney
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Sports injury can lead to negative psychological reactions such as frustration or depression and there is now a body of evidence which indicates that sport psychology intervention can benefit sports injury rehabilitation (Heaney, IJSEP 2006;4:67–80). It would, however, appear that physiotherapists are often not equipped to integrate sport psychology into rehabilitation. Generally research has shown that physiotherapists recognise the importance of psychological factors but lack the training to utilise sport psychology (Arvinen-Barrow et al . JSR 2007;16:111–121). This suggests a need for further training; yet limited research exists examining such training. Therefore the purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of sport psychology education on physiotherapists. 67 physiotherapists were assigned to the intervention group who studied an online sport psychology module and 68 were assigned to the control group, who studied an equivalent module with no psychology content. A questionnaire package which included the Psychology of Injury Usage Survey (Stiller-Ostrowski et al . JAT 2009;44:482–9) and the Attitudes About Imagery Survey (Hamson-Utley et al . JAT 2008;43:258–264) was completed by the participants at four points: immediately before, immediately after, 3 months and 6 months after completing the module. Data were collected on areas such as attitudes towards sport psychology, use of sport psychology and referral. Studying the module appeared to have a positive impact on the physiotherapists. Both attitudes towards and use of sport psychology improved following completion of the module. Importantly, use of sport psychology strategies was maintained during the 6 months following the completion of the module indicating a positive longitudinal effect. The findings of this study would suggest that sport psychology CPD courses should be more widely available to practicing physiotherapists.