tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Avulsion Fracture of the Tibial Spine
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. E. J. Morrissey: An automobile struck a 7-year-old boy. He was brought to the emergency ward with a swollen right knee. There was a small laceration medial to the insertion of the patellar tendon. There were no other injuries. The swollen right knee was tender over the anterior portion of the medial joint line. Although the knee could be flexed to 90°, it could not be fully extended. Because of this flexion deformity, proper evaluation of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments was not possible. A positive anterior "drawer sign" could be demonstrated by 1 cm of anterior motion of the tibia in relation to the femur. The small laceration did not involve the knee joint. X-ray films of the right knee showed a small fragment of bone present in the area of the anterior tibial spine (Figure). There were no other fractures seen. Dr. William C. Bostic: Physical
Patient safety indicators for England from hospital administrative data: case-control analysis and comparison with US data
Authors: V. S Raleigh, J. Cooper, S. A Bremner, S. Scobie
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the feasibility of deriving patient safety indicators for England from routine hospital data and whether they can indicate adverse outcomes for patients. <b>Design</b> Nine patient safety indicators developed by the United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) were derived using hospital episode statistics for England for 2003-4, 2004-5, and 2005-6. A case-control analysis was undertaken to compare length of stay and mortality between cases (patients experiencing the particular safety event measured by an indicator) and controls matched for age, sex, health resource group (standard groupings of clinically similar treatments that use similar levels of healthcare resource), main specialty, and trust. Comparisons were undertaken with US data. <b>Setting</b> All NHS trusts in England. <b>Participants</b> Inpatients in NHS trusts. <b>Results</b> There was fair consistency in national rates for the nine indicators across three years. For all but one indicator, hospital stays were longer in cases than in matched controls (range 0.2-17.1 days, P&lt;0.001). Mortality in cases was also higher than in controls (5.7-27.1%, P&lt;0.001), except for the obstetric trauma indicators. Excess length of stay and mortality in cases was greatest for postoperative hip fracture and sepsis. England's rates were lower than US rates for these indicators. Increased length of stay in cases was generally greater in England than in the US. Excess mortality was also higher in England than in the US, except for the obstetric trauma indicators where there were few deaths in both countries. Differences between England and the US in excess length of stay and mortality were most marked for postoperative hip fracture. <b>Conclusions</b> Hospital administrative data provide a potentially useful low burden, low cost source of information on safety events. Indicators can be derived with English data and show that cases have poorer outcomes than matched controls. These data therefore have potential for monitoring safety events. Further validation, for example, of individual cases, is needed and levels of event recording need to improve. Differences between England and the US might reflect differences in the depth of event coding and in health systems and patterns of healthcare provision.
Platelets and the Beginnings of Preeclampsia
Authors: Christopher W.G. Redman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Preeclampsia is a syndrome that develops at the end of pregnancy, during labor, or in the immediate puerperium. It is common, dangerous to both mother and baby, unpredictable in its onset and progression, and untreatable except by terminating the pregnancy. Because its pathogenesis is undefined, there is no specific diagnostic test for it; it is recognized by the concurrence of certain abnormalities that are induced by pregnancy and regress after delivery. Hypertension and proteinuria are the most easily recognized of these abnormalities, and are the conventional signs used in all definitions of the disorder. However, the syndrome is more polymorphic . . .
Bamiphylline improves exercise-induced myocardial ischemia through a novel mechanism of action.
Authors: A Gaspardone, F Crea, M Iamele, F Tomai, F Versaci, A Pellegrino, L Chiariello, P A Gioffré
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND In patients with stable angina pectoris aminophylline, a nonselective antagonist of adenosine receptors, markedly improves exercise capacity. To establish the role played by A1 adenosine receptors in the anti-ischemic action of aminophylline, the effects of bamiphylline, a selective A1 antagonist, on exercise-induced ischemia were investigated in patients with stable angina pectoris. METHODS AND RESULTS In a single-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over trial in 18 patients, oral administration of 1200 mg bamiphylline increased both the time to 1-mm ST segment depression (from 524 +/- 177 to 664 +/- 192 seconds, P &lt; .01) and the rate-pressure product at 1-mm ST segment depression (from 159 +/- 31 to 190 +/- 34 beats per minute per mm Hg/10(2) (P &lt; .001). End-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular volumes, left ventricular ejection fraction, and systolic septal and posterior wall thickening investigated by two-dimensional echocardiography in 12 of the 18 patients were not affected by oral administration of bamiphylline (124 +/- 22 versus 125 +/- 20 mL, P = NS; 49 +/- 12 versus 50 +/- 13 mL, P = NS; 60 +/- 8% versus 58 +/- 7%, P = NS; 35 +/- 6% versus 36 +/- 7%, P = NS; 32 +/- 6% versus 33 +/- 6%, P = NS, respectively). In 7 of the 18 patients, the intravenous infusion of bamiphylline (5 mg/kg in 15 minutes) during cardiac catheterization did not produce any significant change of heart rate (76 +/- 10 versus 75 +/- 13 beats per minute, P = NS), mean right atrial pressure (3.8 +/- 1.7 versus 3.7 +/- 1.7 mm Hg, P = NS), mean aortic pressure (102 +/- 12 versus 99 +/- 10 mm Hg, P = NS), or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (14 +/- 3 versus 14 +/- 4 mm Hg, P = NS) compared with baseline. Furthermore, after intravenous infusion of bamiphylline, the diameter of seven proximal and distal normal segments and of seven stenotic segments were similar to those measured at baseline (3.1 +/- 0.5 versus 3.1 +/- 0.5 mm, P = NS; 1.6 +/- 0.2 versus 1.7 +/- 0.2 mm, P = NS; 1.6 +/- 0.5 versus 1.6 +/- 0.5 mm, P = NS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In patients with stable angina pectoris, oral administration of bamiphylline improves exercise capacity. Its anti-ischemic action does not appear to be mediated by systemic hemodynamic effects or by stenosis dilation. Therefore, the improvement of myocardial ischemia caused by bamiphylline is probably due to redistribution of coronary blood flow toward the underperfused subendocardium. This novel anti-ischemic action would appear to be mediated by antagonism of A1 receptors.
Influence of age on wall thickness, cavity dimensions and myocardial contractility of the left ventricle in simple transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: E Maroto, J C Fouron, M Y Douste-Blazy, A M Carceller, N van Doesburg, C Kratz, A Davignon
Journal: Circulation (1983)

This study was carried out to establish a reference table of echocardiographic values for the left ventricle of simple d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) and to determine at what age left ventricular dimensions in these patients become different from those of a normal population. Fifty-three patients with d-TGA and normal pulmonary pressure and 395 normal children ages 1 day to 10 years were studied by M-mode echocardiography. Results show that in d-TGA, left ventricular systolic and diastolic internal diameters are normal at birth. After 1 month, however, both diameters were below normal and despite a progressive increase with age, the mean values were always below normal. The mean posterior wall thickness of patients with d-TGA was also normal at birth but did not increase with age (2.3 mm in diastole and 4.3 mm in systole) and became significantly thinner than normal at 10 months of age in diastole and 7 months in systole. Septal thickness of patients with d-TGA did not differ from that of the control group. The shortening fraction and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were significantly greater in d-TGA at all ages. Left ventricular measurements related to age are presented and should be of help in interpreting M-mode echocardiograms of patients with d-TGA.
THE INDICATIONS FOR SURGICAL INTERFERENCE FOR THE RELIEF OF OTITIC MENINGITIS
Authors: S. MacCUEN SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1910)

On account of the apparently increasing prevalence of otitic meningitis, especially in children, due, no doubt to our greater ability to recognize the disease, the subject is of the utmost importance, not only to the aurist, but more especially to the physician of general practice, since he is usually the first to be consulted in the initial illness. The questions pre-eminent, therefore, for our consideration are (1) the establishment of a prompt diagnosis of otitic meningitis, still replete with difficulties; and (2) the adoption of immediate measures for its relief, an accomplishment even more perplexing than the first. As all scientific attainment, however, is developed by slowly progressive steps, judging from the progress of the recent past, we have every reason to feel encouraged in the belief that, in the very near future, we shall have reached the goal whereby our ability to diagnose this disease promptly will be unfailing,
Notes on a Case of Forcible Removal of the Uterus
Authors: L. Cane
Journal: BMJ (1883)

85.0 0.c.Average quantity = 14.18 0.0.= 0.708 grammes 10.92 grains.The effect on spontaneous action was, as compared with chloral, but slightly marked; in the end stages, the beats grew much less frequent, it is true, but, on the whole, the effect was but slight.The contractile power of the muscular tissue was ultimately abo- lished; but, in this process, two points are noteworthy.The first,
Making a Medical Living: Doctors and Patients in the English Market for Medicine, 1720-1911
Authors: Gert H. Brieger
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<b>Trials of an Ordinary Doctor: Joannes Groenevelt in Seventeenth-Century London</b>, by Harold J. Cook, 301 pp, with illus, $45, ISBN 0-8018-4778-8, Baltimore, Md, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. In the last three decades the history of medicine has been greatly enriched by an interest brought from social history, which has stressed what happened to people when they became sick and were treated by the average practitioners. This is in contrast to an older history of medicine, which had as its main emphases the great doctors and the development of important ideas about health and disease and its treatments. In the two volumes reviewed herein, we see an important slice of British medicine and British life in the period from the late 17th to the early 20th centuries. While in our day the question of access to medical care has become a key issue for debate, it is important to remember
Response of right ventricular ejection fraction to upright bicycle exercise in coronary artery disease.
Authors: H J Berger, D E Johnstone, J M Sands, A Gottschalk, B L Zaret
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The right ventricular (RV) response to exercise was assessed in 32 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and in 14 normal controls without cardiopulmonary disease. The relationships between exercise RV reserve, exercise left ventricular (LV) reserve, and the presence of proximal right coronary stenosis were also evaluated. RV and LV ejection fractions were determined using first-pass radionuclide angiocardiograms. The normal response to exercise was at least a 5% absolute increase in RV and LV ejection fractions. In the group with coronary artery disease, RV ejection fraction either decreased or remained the same with exercise (abnormal exercise RV reserve) in 19 of 32 patients. LV exercise reserve was abnormal in 26 of 32 patients. All 19 patients with abnormal exercise RV reserve had abnormal exercise LV reserve, and all six patients with normal LV reserve had normal RV reserve. There was a significant linear relationship between the direction and magnitude of change from rest to exercise of LV ejection fraction and RV ejection fraction (r = 0.77). In contrast, the RV response to exercise was not primarily dependent upon the presence or absence of proximal right coronary stenosis. These data suggest that abnormal exercise RV reserve occurs frequently in coronary artery disease and that the concomitant LV response to exercise appears to be its major determinant.
SCUBA Diving and the Bends
Authors: Allan Erde
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —One omission from the excellent remarks on medical aspects of SCUBA diving by Drs. Salzman and Jung in the Oct. 27 issue ofThe Journal(<b>182</b>:34) was underscored by the sentence: "By using compressed air a diver can descend without too much danger to a depth of 125 feet." The omission, of course, is discussion of decompression sickness or the "bends." Diving to 125 ft and surfacing without decompression is limited to 10 min of "bottom time" according to Navy diving tables. Repetitive diving reduces this safe bottom time to even briefer periods. During the past 2 yr, 23 civilian sport SCUBA divers have been treated for decompression sickness in the recompression-decompression chambers of the submarine base at Pearl Harbor. Next to drowning, this disease is the most common serious misfortune encountered in diving. It can be prevented by informing SCUBA divers of the limitations of
Antibody response against 26 and 46 kilodalton released proteins of yersinia in yersinia triggered reactive arthritis.
Authors: O Maki-Ikola, M Pulz, J Heesemann, R Lahesmaa, R Saario, A Toivanen, K Granfors
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Using an inhibition enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the serum antibody responses against released proteins of yersinia of molecular weights 26 and 46 kilodaltons were studied in 37 patients with and in 21 patients without reactive arthritis following yersinia infection. Although no difference was seen for the 46 kilodalton released protein, patients with yersinia triggered reactive arthritis had higher levels of antibodies against the 26 kilodalton released protein at the beginning of the disease than patients with uncomplicated yersiniosis. This may indicate an increased production of this protein in the early infection leading to poorer phagocytosis of the bacteria and thereby to the persistence of yersinia organisms within the arthritic host.
Effect of RA233 on Platelet Function In Vitro
Authors: A. A. Hassanein, A. G. G. Turpie, G. P. McNicol, A. S. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1970)

RA233, a new pyrimido-pyrimidine compound, is a powerful inhibitor of platelet function tested in vitro; it inhibits calcium and adenosine diphosphate (A.D.P.)-induced platelet aggregation, inhibits the retention of platelets by glass beads, decreases the release of platelet factor 3 by kaolin, and inhibits clot retraction. In some in-vitro systems RA233 is significantly more potent that its analogue RA433 in inhibiting platelet function.
Heart Rate Turbulence: Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use
Authors: Axel Bauer, Marek Malik, Georg Schmidt, Petra Barthel, Hendrik Bonnemeier, Iwona Cygankiewicz, Przemyslaw Guzik, Federico Lombardi, Alexander Müller, Ali Oto, Raphael Schneider, Mari Watanabe, Dan Wichterle, Wojciech Zareba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Treatments, Trends, and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Matthew T. Roe, John C. Messenger, William S. Weintraub, Christopher P. Cannon, Gregg C. Fonarow, David Dai, Anita Y. Chen, Lloyd W. Klein, Frederick A. Masoudi, Charles McKay, Kathleen Hewitt, Ralph G. Brindis, Eric D. Peterson, John S. Rumsfeld
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma Mimicking Paget??s Disease on Bone Imaging
Authors: LORRAINE M. FIG, MILTON D. GROSS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Both Paget's disease and metastatic carcinoma to bone are common conditions. They occur in the same age group but rarely coexist. The two conditions may be difficult to distinguish in bone imaging, as they may show similar patterns of tracer uptake. Biopsy may be necessary to make the diagnosis. A case illustrating this problem is presented.
Spectinomycin as initial treatment for gonorrhea.
Authors: D D Coelho, A H De Silva, R B Roy
Journal: BMJ (1984)

1383 portion of HbA, was high in carriers and nor- mal in controls.HbF determined by cellogel electrophoresis was present in three carriers.HbA, was measured by a column chromato- graphic method6 in blood samples drawn after about 12 hours' fasting and immediately tested at 23-C.The HbAj concentration in carriers of 5 thalassaemia trait was higher than that in controls (9-3 (SD 1-7)')0 v 7 1 (0 8)o; t test for unpaired data: p<0 001).This difference remained significant even when carriers with HbF were excluded from the comparison.We found no direct relation between HbA2and HbAj.The cause of our results remains a matter of speculation.Nevertheless, we think it is im- portant to be aware that the usual column chromatographic method of measuring HbAj might give high results in carriers of P thalas- saemia trait.
Giant cell tumour associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A Reginato, V Martinez, H R Schumacher, J Torres
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is commonly con- sidered in the differential diagnosis of chronic mono- articular joint disease (Rodnan, 1966).Some authors have considered it a neoplasm (Bennett, 1950; Wright, 1951), while others believe it is a chronic inflammatory process of unknown aetiology (Jaffe, Lichtenstein, and Sutro, 1941).A histologically identical process localized to a single nodular tumour- like mass in one portion of a joint or tendon sheath has variously been termed giant cell tumour of the tendon sheaths, fibrous xanthoma of synovium, or nodular pigmented villonodular synovitis (Byers, Cotton, Deacon, Lowy, Newman, Sissons, and
A Novel Family of Divergent Seven-Transmembrane Proteins
Authors: Peter J. Clyne, Coral G. Warr, Marc R. Freeman, Derek Lessing, Junhyong Kim, John R. Carlson
Journal: Neuron (1999)

Although insects have proven to be valuable models for exploring the function, organization, and development of the olfactory system, the receptor molecules that bind odors have not been identified in any insect. We have developed a novel search algorithm, used it to search the Drosophila genomic sequence database, and identified a large multigene family encoding seven transmembrane domain proteins that are expressed in olfactory organs. We show that expression is restricted to subsets of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) for a number of these genes. Different members of the family initiate expression at different times during antennal development. Some of the genes are not expressed in a mutant of the Acj6 POU-domain transcription factor, a mutant in which a subset of ORNs show abnormal odorant specificities.
Coexisting Tuberculous and Meningococcal Meningitis
Authors: Edgar Alsop Riley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

MENINGITIS due to a simultaneous mixed infection is relatively rare. Neal1 reviewed 3178 cases of meningitis and found that 26, or 0.8 per cent, were due to mixed infections. Unfortunately she did not break down these 26 cases into the different bacterial combinations that were present. Tripoli2 studied 468 cases of bacterial meningitis and found 2 cases of mixed infection, an incidence of approximately 0.4 per cent. In a more recent study Hertzog3 reviewed 377 cases of fatal meningitis with special reference to the bacterial diagnoses and collected 5 cases of mixed infection, or an incidence of 1.3 per cent. . . .
Inspection for Trichinae
Authors: Benjamin Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Walters and Shelton, in their joint letter toThe Journal, Dec. 31, 1960, pointed out that, contrary to popular belief, under federal meat inspection hog carcasses are not inspected for trichinae. This statement is true; however, federal meat inspection does protect consumers by requiring processors to destroy trichinae in ready-to-eat meat products containing pork. Statements in another paragraph of their letter create the impression that Federal Meat Inspection abandoned the practice of microscopic inspection of pork for trichinae years ago and offered the American housewife only free advice to cook pork products adequately before eating them. Microscopic inspection of some pork for trichinae was made prior to 1906 to comply with import requirements of European countries. Microscopic inspection of pork for trichinae in this country was applied only to hogs intended to be exported, never to pork intended for domestic use. That inspection was stopped in 1906
To Provide Safe Passage: The Humanistic Aspects of Medicine
Authors: Stephen P. Hersh
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The practice of medicine continues to change rapidly. Scientific and technological advances are the basic driving forces. Glamorous, intriguing, tantalizing, with a certain reality and many fantasies of increasing control over our mortality, science and technology becloud their own advances. Increasing cohorts of individuals at all stages of the life cycle survive serious trauma and continue to exist with serious illnesses, now almost all of them chronic in nature.  Physicians appear to be responding with painful slowness to this new reality: the era of chronic disabilities. Most of us continue to focus overly on our areas of expertise. We remove symptoms, arrest destructive processes of all kinds, and consider our job complete. We neglect the reality that our social role is an ancient one, that of healer. As such, in terms of the basic needs of those who seek our care and their expectations, proper healing remains as it always
Unexpected Reversal of Gallium-67 Citrate Avidity in an Anaerobic Hepatic Abscess
Authors: ALBERT J. MORENO, MICHAEL A. YEDINAK, JERRY M. BROWN, TOMMY J. BROWN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A case of anaerobic hepatic abscess (Bacteroides fragilis), which initially was imaged as a cold defect on Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy and, following percutaneous drainage, became Ga avid, is presented. Proposed mechanisms for this occurrence are given.
Chronic depletion of glutathione exacerbates ventricular remodelling and dysfunction in the pressure-overloaded heart
Authors: Yosuke Watanabe, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Kobayashi, Yukio Saito, Daisuke Fujioka, Takamitsu Nakamura, Jun-ei Obata, Kenichi Kawabata, Hideto Mishina, Kiyotaka Kugiyama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

AimsChronic depletion of myocardial glutathione (GSH) may play a role in cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. This study examined the relationship between chronic GSH depletion and cardiac failure induced by pressure overload in mice lacking the modifier subunit (GCLM) of glutamate–cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. In addition, we examined the association between idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans and –588C/T polymorphism of the GCLM gene, which reduces plasma levels of GSH.