tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Diet Behaviors in Achieving Improved Glycemic Control in Intensively Treated Patients in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
Authors: Linda M Delahanty, Beverly N Halford
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether specific diet-related behaviors practiced by IDDM patients in the intensive treatment group of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial were associated with lower HbAlc values. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A questionnaire addressing various aspects of their dietary behavior during the previous year in the DCCT was completed by 623 DCCT intensive treatment group subjects. The association between selfreported diet behaviors and the subject's mean HbA1c during the previous year was evaluated using a linear rank test for trend. The goal of intensive treatment was to achieve blood glucose and HbA1c levels as close to the nondiabetic range as possible without hypoglycemia. RESULTS Adherence to the prescribed meal plan and adjusting food and/or insulin in response to hyperglycemia were significantly associated with lower HbA1c levels. Over-treating hypoglycemia and consuming extra snacks beyond the meal plan were associated with higher HbA1c levels. Adjusting insulin dose for meal size and content and consistent consumption of an evening snack were associated, albeit to a lesser degree, with lower HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS The average HbA1c among intensively managed patients who reported that they followed specific diet-related behaviors was 0.25 to 1.0 lower than among subjects who did not follow these behaviors. Health-care providers may wish to use these results to focus clinical care for intensively treated IDDM patients by emphasizing counseling on meal plans, prompt response to high blood glucose levels, appropriate treatment of hypoglycemia, and consistent snacking behaviors.
A histometric and autoradiographic study of hydrocortisone action in cultured human epidermis
Authors: RAIJA TAMMI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

SUMMARY Pieces of human skin maintained their viability, grew and differentiated for at least 10 days in chemically defined (serum-free) culture conditions. Physiological concentrations of hydrocorti sone, added to the cultures, were shown to cause thinning of epidermis, which was due to decreased rate of epidermal proliferation. The relative volume of normal, orthokeratotic stratum corneum with underlying granular cells was increased concomitantly with epidermal thinning. The present findings show that even small concentrations of the hormone influence epidermal cell proliferation and suggest that hydrocortisone has a physiological role in keratinization. The possibility of using human skin culture in the assessment of the antiproliferative and atrophogenic action of synthetic glucocorticoids is discussed.
Multifunctional nanoprobes for upconversion fluorescence, MR and CT trimodal imaging
Authors: Huaiyong Xing, Wenbo Bu, Shengjian Zhang, Xiangpeng Zheng, Ming Li, Feng Chen, Qianjun He, Liangping Zhou, Weijun Peng, Yanqing Hua, Jianlin Shi
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Early clearance kinetics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C under therapy with pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) alpha-2b or consensus-interferon (CIFN) plus ribavirin
Authors: L.C. Da Silva, S.K. Ono-Nita, F.J. Carrilho, J.E.M. Medeiros-Filho, J.R.R. Pinho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Postresuscitation accelerated idioventricular rhythm: a potential prognostic factor for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors
Authors: Min-Shan Tsai, Chien-Hua Huang, Hung-Ren Chen, Cheng-Chun Hsieh, Wei-Tien Chang, Chiung-Yuan Hsu, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma, Shyr-Chyr Chen, Wen-Jone Chen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Acid suppression in duodenal ulcer: a meta-analysis to define optimal dosing with antisecretory drugs.
Authors: D B Jones, C W Howden, D W Burget, G D Kerr, R H Hunt
Journal: Gut (1987)

FVMany different dosage schedules of antisecretory drugs for the treatment of duodenal ulcer are recommended. The relationship between degree of acid suppression and therapeutic efficacy has not been precisely defined for these drugs. We have examined the association between suppression of intragastric acidity and duodenal ulcer healing rates for a number of therapeutic regimens. For the H2 receptor antagonists alone, the most significant correlation with healing rates was with suppression of intragastric acidity at night (r = 0.926; p = 0.0001). When other classes of drug: high dose antacid, omeprazole and a synthetic prostaglandin (enprostil) were included in the analysis, the closest correlation was with suppression of total 24 hour intragastric acidity (r = 0.911; p less than F0.0001). Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relative contributions to healing of suppression of acidity during the day and night. Suppression of nocturnal acidity was found to be the single most important factor in explaining healing rates. No further benefit was obtained with daytime suppression for H2 receptor antagonists; suppression of acidity at night accounted for 86.1% of the observed variation in healing rates among different regimens of H2 receptor antagonists. When all classes of drugs were analysed, inclusion of daytime suppression produced a significant improvement in correlation over nocturnal suppression alone. Drug regimens providing potent suppression of nocturnal acidity produce the highest healing rates in controlled clinical trials. The healing rate for any dose regimen of an antisecretory drug can be predicted from a knowledge of its effect on intragastric acidity. For the H2 receptor antagonists, suppression of nocturnal acidity is the most relevant in this context. Moderate suppression of acidity achieves ulcer healing rates at four to eight weeks which are comparable with those seen with potent suppression at two to four weeks. Increasing degrees of suppression merely accelerate healing.
Cetacean culture: Definitions and evidence
Authors: Janet Mann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Rendell and Whitehead have drawn attention to some striking cetacean behaviour patterns. However, the claims for "culture" are premature. Weak examples of cetacean social learning do not, in sum, provide strong evidence for culture. Other terms, such as social learning, vocal learning, imitation, and tradition may be applied in some cases without resorting to more complex and controversial terms.
Cardiac Examination in Wartime
Authors: J. Parkinson
Journal: BMJ (1940)

adrenal was enlarged and hyperplastic to about three times its normal size, weighing 16 grammes, and Dr. Vines reported that it gave a fairly strong fuclisinophil reaction.Left uni- lateral adrenalectomy was therefo.-eperformed.It was obvious from the skiagram that the " turnour " we suspected was the spleen, although it is difficult ta say why it appeared to be surrounded by air.Apart fronm an unexplained attack of pyelitis about the fourteenth day the patient made an unin- terrupted recovery.The post-operative assay for male hormone taken on December 13 showed that the amount of sterone was reduced to 6.5 mg.daily, a figure which may be regarded as a low normal.The sugar tolerance shows a decrease, and is charted with the pre-operative result.Within two months the patient had lost a stone and a half in weight, the blood pressure is the same, and her periods have been regular.The present photograph was taken in January, 1940; the pre-operative one was unfortunately lost.This case of basophilism due to adrenal cortical hyper- plasia presents several points of interest.A diagnosis was only arrived at by means of a urinary assay for androgens.The immediate response to unilateral adrenal- ectomy, both clinically and biochemically, and the cor- roboration of the diagnosis by histological means, conform to the experience which we have obtained in our work on virilism. SummaryAt the moment it may be said that the subject of baso- philism is still sub judice.An apparently identical clinical syndrome may result from a lesion in either the pituitary or the adrenal glands.It is a matter of speculation whether the one is primary and the other secondary, or whether both are involved.From the practical standpoint in the treatment of a condition which has hitherto been unsatisfactory, and the study of these two cases, one of each type provides confirmation of the view that estima- tion of the urinary androgens affords a valuable means of making a differential diagnosis.When these are in excess it points to adreno-cortical overactivity.The ancillary methods of confirming such a diagnosis are dis- cussed in the description of each of the two cases.The important outcome is that unilateral adrenalectomy in suitable cases offers a hope of alleviation, if not cure, in this most distressing condition.
NEGATIVE RESULTS WITH THE NINHYDRIN REACTION AS A TEST FOR AMINOACIDS IN THE SERUM OF NEPHRITICS AND OTHERS
Authors: RICHARD M. PEARCE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The use by Abderhalden of "ninhydrin" (triketohydrindenhydrate) as an indicator in his test for pregnancy, and especially his experimental work with Lampe,<sup>1</sup>in which ninhydrin was used to demonstrate amino-acids and related bodies in the serum, suggested the possible application of the test to the serum of persons suffering from nephritis, the intoxications of pregnancy and other conditions characterized by so-called nitrogen retention. Although our knowledge of the minute amounts of amino-acids in the serum and Abderhalden's statement that ninhydrin fails to react with an amino-acid (Glycocoll) when the dilution is greater than 1: 11,000 presaged failure, it was deemed advisable to give the test a trial, especially as the labor of the procedure could be greatly lessened by using serum filtrates prepared in connection with other work<sup>2</sup>going on in the laboratory at the same time. Serums were obtained chiefly from nephritics and pregnant women—a total of
Elevated Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Associated With Stroke or Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Nikolaj Eldrup, Marie-Louise Moes Grønholdt, Henrik Sillesen, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 could exhibit an important role in the destabilization of atherosclerotic carotid plaques. We hypothesized that in patients with carotid stenosis, elevated levels of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 are associated with ipsilateral stroke or cardiovascular death.We followed up 207 patients with > or = 50% carotid stenosis initially for a mean of 4.4 years, during which time 53 patients developed ipsilateral stroke or died of cardiovascular causes. The cumulative incidence of ipsilateral stroke or cardiovascular death was higher in those with matrix metalloproteinase-9 above versus below the median of 41.9 ng/mL (log-rank P=0.002). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 above versus below the median had a hazard ratio for ipsilateral stroke or cardiovascular death of 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.5); during extended follow-up, this remained significant until 10 years. The absolute risk of ipsilateral stroke or cardiovascular death at 4.4 years was 34% and 17% in those with matrix metalloproteinase-9 above and below the median, respectively. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 and an echolucent plaque on B-mode ultrasound versus a low matrix metalloproteinase-9 and an echorich plaque had a hazard ratio for ipsilateral stroke or cardiovascular death of 4.4 (95% CI, 1.8 to 11.1) and for ipsilateral stroke of 3.3 (95% CI, 1.1 to 9.7).Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with > or = 50% carotid stenosis were associated with a 2-fold risk of ipsilateral stroke or cardiovascular death. Combining elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 and plaque echolucency was associated with a 4-fold risk for ipsilateral stroke or cardiovascular death and a 3-fold risk for ipsilateral stroke.
A Multistep Approach to Improving Biopsy Site Identification in Dermatology
Authors: Murad Alam, Andy Lee, Omar A. Ibrahimi, Natalie Kim, Jeremy Bordeaux, Karen Chen, Scott Dinehart, David J. Goldberg, C. William Hanke, George J. Hruza, Kishwer S. Nehal, Suzanne M. Olbricht, Jeffrey Orringer, Thomas E. Rohrer, Noah S. Scheinfeld, Chrysalyne D. Schmults, John M. Strasswimmer, James S. Taylor, Simon Yoo, Michael Nodzenski, Emily Poon, Todd Cartee
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Excisional skin cancer surgery is a common procedure, with no formal consensus for mitigating the risk of wrong-site cutaneous surgery. To systematically consider the usefulness and feasibility of proposed methods for correct biopsy site identification in dermatology. Survey study with a formal consensus process. Item development was via a literature review and expert interviews, followed by 2 stages of a Delphi process to develop consensus recommendations. In total, 2323 articles were reviewed in the literature search, with data extraction from 14. Twenty-five experts underwent 30-minute structured interviews, which were transcribed and coded. The resulting survey was composed of 42 proposed interventions by multiple stakeholders (biopsying physicians, operating physicians, nurses, ancillary staff, patients, caregivers, and family members) at 3 time points (day of biopsy, delay and consultation period, and day of definitive surgery). Two rounds of a Delphi process with 59 experts (25 academic and 34 private practice) scored the survey. Strong consensus was obtained on 14 behaviors, and moderate consensus was obtained on 21 other behaviors. In addition, a 2-state simultaneous algorithm was developed to model surgeon behavior on the day of definitive surgery based on surgeon and patient perceptions. When definitive surgery is performed after the initial biopsy and by a different surgeon, procedures can be implemented at several time points to increase the likelihood of correct site identification. The specific circumstances of a case suggest which methods may be most appropriate and feasible, and some may be implemented. The risk of wrong-site cutaneous surgery can be reduced but not eliminated.
Concurrent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections – an unprecedented epidemic wave of mosquito-borne viruses in the Pacific 2012–2014
Authors: A Roth, A Mercier, C Lepers, D Hoy, S Duituturaga, E Benyon, L Guillaumot, Y Souarès
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Since January 2012, the Pacific Region has experienced 28 new documented outbreaks and circulation of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus. These mosquito-borne disease epidemics seem to become more frequent and diverse, and it is likely that this is only the early stages of a wave that will continue for several years. Improved surveillance and response measures are needed to mitigate the already heavy burden on island health systems and limit further spread to other parts of the world.
Finasteride for prostate cancer prevention has no effect on survival, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A study has confirmed that while finasteride reduces the risk of developing prostate cancer, it also increases the risk of being diagnosed with a higher grade lesion. However, the study also found that overall, the drug seems to have no significant effect on survival.1

The study, published on 15 August in the New England Journal of Medicine, is a follow-up to the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, published in 2003. That study found that treatment with finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor commonly used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy, reduced the risk of prostate cancer.2 But it also found that those who did develop prostate cancer while on the drug appeared, paradoxically, to have a significantly …
The Slit Receptor Rig-1/Robo3 Controls Midline Crossing by Hindbrain Precerebellar Neurons and Axons
Authors: Valérie Marillat, Christelle Sabatier, Vieri Failli, Eiji Matsunaga, Constantino Sotelo, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Alain Chédotal
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Rabies and human diploid cell vaccine
Authors: W. Vella
Journal: BMJ (1976)

the convulsion rate.No such evidence has been published, and indeed in Thorn's paper the recurrence rate was 12 00% in those with mean serum phenobarbitone levels over 61 umol (14 mg)/l and 12 80o in those with lesser concentrations.Further, we do not like the concept that some children may be protected by phenobarbitone and others not, without evidence that we were treating two types of patient.Even if there is a reduction in febrile convulsion recurrence rates on phenobarbitone the cost must be counted.There is no evidence that the risk of later recurrent afebrile seizures ("epilepsy") is reduced,6 while the incidence of adverse effects is unacceptably high, even at lower blood concentrations.3Although a recent publication7 indicates that sodium valproate may reduce the recur- rence rate of febrile convulsions without the side effects often associated with phenobarbitone, we must reiterate our point that the really serious complication, febrile status epilepticus, usually occurs with the first convulsion.The resultant brain damage must be prevented by a research-based country- wide emergency treatment service.In this field there is much anecdotal but little scientific evidence.Recommendations include paraldehyde, parenteral phenobarbitone, fever reduc- tion, and diazepam intravenously, rectally, or intramuscularly with hyalase, chlormethiazole, and lignocaine.If other authors do have clear evidence of the relative value of one or other therapy or management of febrile status, then we and many of your readers would like to know where this evidence is to be found.
Case of Successful Operation for Non-Union after Rupture of the Ligamentum Patellae
Authors: J. J. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1870)

valescent in a fortnight, having suffered the very smallest amount of inconvenience possible.These cases are chiefly remarkable on account of forming a series very similar to each other in most important particulars, andt in none more than the marked smallness of the mortality, or, indeed, of any serious consequences whatever attending them.The majority recovered rapidly.This fact has beeni observed in other wars with regard to wounds of the face.We had, also, a very large number of wounds traversing the neck in various directions without injuring important parts.In one case only was the trachea wounded.CASE xvii.-Farjonel was struck by a ball which entered in front of the left sterno-mastoid muscle, and emerged just above the centre of the right clavicle, wouniding the trachea in its passage across the neck.During respiration, the air flowed freely out of each aperture.He made, inevertheless, a good recovery.There must, doubtless, be many instances of wounds of the front vessels of the neck, but these die immediately, and are never carried off the field at all, wlhile the surgeon has his hands too much occupied with living wounded to have time to examiine the injuries received by the dead.Coming a little lower down in the body, there were under our care three cases in wlhich the clavicle was smashed by a ball, which after- wards wounded the lung,.In one of these I found it necessary to excise one third of the clavicle.In a second, the ball was cut out behiind, having traversed the lung with a piece of the clavicle sticking in it.These two patients died.The third recovered ; in him, the ball, be- sides fracturing the clavicle, had passed through the infraspinous fossa of the scapula, starring it.In all these there was profuse hxmoptysis.The longest day must come sometime to an end, and so did the 2nd September.It was only in the evening that we learnt authoritatively what our position really was.General De Wimpffen, who succeeded MacMahon in command of the army, when the latter was shot through the thigh, posted a proclamation in the town, in which he announced that he felt constrained to capitulate in order to avoid an useless mas- sacre; that the whole army could have been destroyed, without being able to reply even to the enemy's fire ; and that, further, when on the evening before he had appealed to the courage and devotion of his troops to make a sortie and cut their way out through the German lines, only two thousand men could be found to rally round his standard.
Identification of <i>SULF2</i> as a Novel Transcriptional Target of p53 by Use of Integrated Genomic Analyses
Authors: B. Nelson Chau, Robert L. Diaz, Matthew A. Saunders, Chun Cheng, Aaron N. Chang, Paul Warrener, Jeffrey Bradshaw, Peter S. Linsley, Michele A. Cleary
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Microarray analysis has been useful for identifying the targets of many transcription factors. However, gene expression changes in response to transcription factor perturbation reveal both direct transcriptional targets and secondary gene regulation. By integrating RNA interference, gene expression profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation technologies, we identified a set of 32 direct transcriptional targets of the tumor suppressor p53. Of these 32 genes, 11 are not currently associated with the core p53 pathway. From among these novel pathway members, we focused on understanding the connection between p53 and SULF2, which encodes an extracellular heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase that modulates the binding of growth factors to their cognate receptors and that has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor. Genetic and pharmacologic perturbation of p53 directly influences SULF2 expression, and similar to silencing of TP53, RNA interference-mediated suppression of SULF2 results in an impaired senescence response of cells to genotoxic stress. Thus, our integrated genomic approach has led to the identification of a novel mediator of p53 network biology.