tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiation exposure and circulatory disease risk: Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivor data, 1950-2003
Authors: Y. Shimizu, K. Kodama, N. Nishi, F. Kasagi, A. Suyama, M. Soda, E. J Grant, H. Sugiyama, R. Sakata, H. Moriwaki, M. Hayashi, M. Konda, R. E Shore
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the degree to which ionising radiation confers risk of mortality from heart disease and stroke. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study with more than 50 years of follow-up. <b>Setting</b> Atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. <b>Participants</b> 86 611 Life Span Study cohort members with individually estimated radiation doses from 0 to &gt;3 Gy (86% received &lt;0.2 Gy). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Mortality from stroke or heart disease as the underlying cause of death and dose-response relations with atomic bomb radiation. <b>Results</b> About 9600 participants died of stroke and 8400 died of heart disease between 1950 and 2003. For stroke, the estimated excess relative risk per gray was 9% (95% confidence interval 1% to 17%, P=0.02) on the basis of a linear dose-response model, but an indication of possible upward curvature suggested relatively little risk at low doses. For heart disease, the estimated excess relative risk per gray was 14% (6% to 23%, P&lt;0.001); a linear model provided the best fit, suggesting excess risk even at lower doses. However, the dose-response effect over the restricted dose range of 0 to 0.5 Gy was not significant. Prospective data on smoking, alcohol intake, education, occupation, obesity, and diabetes had almost no impact on the radiation risk estimates for either stroke or heart disease, and misdiagnosis of cancers as circulatory diseases could not account for the associations seen. <b>Conclusion</b> Doses above 0.5 Gy are associated with an elevated risk of both stroke and heart disease, but the degree of risk at lower doses is unclear. Stroke and heart disease together account for about one third as many radiation associated excess deaths as do cancers among atomic bomb survivors.
Medical Department, United States Army—Internal Medicine in Vietnam, vol 1: Skin Diseases in Vietnam, 1965-72
Authors: J. Graham Smith
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Two important concepts are documented in this book: (1) Santayana's aphorism "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it," and (2) significant clinical research can be carried out under military conditions in combat areas. During World War II and in subsequent military campaigns in tropical and subtropical regions, skin diseases have been a major cause of disability. They were the single greatest cause of outpatient visits to US Army medical facilities during the entire Vietnam War, and on occasions in 1967 and 1968, Vietnam combat commanders reported up to 50% of their men were unavailable for duty because of dermatologic problems. The most frequent diseases were pyodermas from streptococci and staphylococci, fungus infections caused by dermatophytes and<i>Candida</i>, and miliaria rubra and immersion foot. Exotic diseases such as leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and hirudiniasis were not common. Streptococcal infections—impetigo, ecthyma, and cellulitis—responded best to penicillin (intramuscular benzathine penicillin G
Pressure Ulcers-Reply
Authors: Gary H. Brandeis
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We thank Drs Berlowitz and Wilking for their interest in our article and clarification of the period for their incidence rate. In the past, it has been difficult to compare incidence of pressure ulcer formation because the periods associated with the rates were not always indicated. The Consensus Development Conference Statement<sup>1</sup>made special reference to this issue. We feel it is essential that whenever a rate such as incidence is reported, the time frame be given simultaneously. This should make future work in this area easier to interpret. Our study was designed to present the epidemiology of pressure ulcers in the nursing home. The relationship between pressure ulcers and death, controlled for underlying comorbidity, was beyond the scope of our article. However, the fact that the majority (Table 4) of pressure ulcers healed completely in nursing home residents who did not die suggests that ulcers are
Hand dermatitis and lymphoedema
Authors: V.J. Pearce, P.S. Mortimer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Hand dermatitis is common, with lymphoedema of the hand and forearm a rare complication. The mechanism of lymphoedema in such cases is poorly understood, hence management can be challenging. To investigate the underlying mechanism of lymphoedema associated with hand dermatitis and outline recommendations for management, we identified all patients with lymphoedema associated with hand dermatitis referred to our lymphoedema service, a tertiary referral centre. Treatment outcome was assessed by telephone interview and through correspondence with primary physicians and therapists. In total, nine patients, six with bilateral and three with unilateral lymphoedema associated with hand dermatitis, attended our service over a 4-year period. Most had long-standing bilateral pompholyx eczema. Three patients reported no signs of infection prior to the onset of swelling. All patients had recurrent episodes of infection after the onset of swelling. Lymphoscintigraphy, when used, revealed a failure of small initial lymphatics of the hand to absorb and drain lymph to regional nodes. Prophylactic antibiotics together with aggressive management of the dermatitis, often with systemic therapy, were required to reduce swelling. Possible mechanisms for lymphoedema associated with hand dermatitis include obliterative lymphangitis from infection, an inflammatory effect of the dermatitis on local lymphatics or a constitutive weakness of lymph drainage exposed to chronic inflammation, or any combination of the three. Treatment is only successful once both infection and inflammation from the dermatitis are controlled.
Radiological and histological study of aseptic loosening using a cemented tibial hemiarthroplasty in the rabbit knee
Authors: S.B. Goodman, F.P. Magee, V.L. Fornasier
Journal: Biomaterials (1993)

Fourteen mature New Zealand white female rabbits had a unilateral cemented, stemmed, titanium, condylar-type tibial hemiarthroplasty, using an anteromedial arthrotomy of the right knee. The articular cartilage and minimal bone were resected. There were two prosthetic groups of seven animals each: a well-fixed, non-loose group and a loose group. In the non-loose group, the implant was inserted into the cement bed and axially compressed until the PMMA had cured. In the loose group, the same volume of cement was allowed to cure on the implant ex vivo; the prosthesis was then implanted to ensure that it was loose fitting. Radiographs were performed at zero and 3 months and graded for new lucent lines. Histological analysis was performed using undecalcified coronal sections, surface stained with toluidine blue with the prosthesis in situ, and the cement mantle preserved. Back-scattered electron microscopy was also performed. The mean cumulative grading of new lucent lines was 0.3 ± 0.1 for the non-loose group and 2.2 ± 0.4 for the loose group (P < 0.005). Non-loose prostheses were surrounded by a thin fibrous membrane or bone. Loose prostheses were surrounded by a thicker, fibrous tissue layer, containing histiocytes and giant cells which were more prevalent around cement particles, especially near the prosthetic tip. These findings parallel the histology found at cemented prosthetic interfaces in humans. The results of this study suggest that the fibrohistiocytic membrane commonly found around loose cemented implants may be the result of, rather than the cause of, the loosening process.
Comments on a Book Review
Authors: EZRA M. GREENSPAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1983Comments on a Book ReviewEZRA M. GREENSPAN, M.D.EZRA M. GREENSPAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-3-419_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Ochoa's review of my book, Clinical Interpretation and Practice of Cancer Chemotherapy" (1), although admittedly "positive," is so ambivalent and emotional as to warrant response.In the interests of historical accuracy, his statement that "a pejorative assault on dissension" is among my "goals" is so far from the truth as to obviously bring disbelief to those who have followed my publications since 1945. Encouragement of dissension and discussion has always been my goal. My reaction to the denunciations of my original oral and written presentations on combination chemotherapy of breast cancer are understandable because the Annals...Reference1. OCHOA M. Clinical Interpretation and Practice of Cancer Chemotherapy [Book review]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:943. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, New York 10029 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1983Volume 98, Issue 3Page: 419-419KeywordsAssaultBreast cancerCancer chemotherapyCombination chemotherapyEmotions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical Profile of Angioedema Associated With Angiotensin Converting-Enzyme Inhibition
Authors: Eve E. Slater
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Based on data from three studies with complete recording of adverse events in about 12,000 patients each, we determined that angioedema in association with the angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor enalapril maleate occurred during the first week of therapy at the rate of one case per 3000 patients per week. Thereafter, the incidence was 14-fold lower, without evidence of a temporal trend in incidence beyond the first week of therapy. The cumulative incidence was one case per 1000 patients treated (0.1%). An additional 138 case reports consistent with the diagnosis of angioedema were obtained from our overall controlled and marketed experience using enalapril in more than 1.2 million patients. These reports were examined to further characterize the reaction. The cases generally were mild, and they resolved on discontinuation of drug therapy. Seven patients experienced angioedema or urticaria in association with both enalapril and captopril, a structurally different angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor. This further suggested that the side effect is mechanism based. If angioedema is suspected, therapy with any angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor should be interrupted promptly, respiratory distress should be treated appropriately, and subsequent therapy should be initiated with an agent from an alternative class of medication.
Pluripotentiality, epigenesis, and language acquisition
Authors: Bob Jacobs, Lori Larsen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Müller provides a valuable synthesis of neurobiological evidence on the epigenetic development of neural structures involved in language acquisition. The pluripotentiality of developing neural tissue crucially constrains linguistic/cognitive theorizing about supposedly innate neural mechanisms and contributes significantly to our understanding of experience–dependent processes involved in language acquisition. Without this understanding, any proposed explanation of language acquisition is suspect.
Gout in South African blacks.
Authors: G M Mody, P D Naidoo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

A retrospective study was carried out to determine the frequency, age of onset, mode of presentation, pattern of joint involvement, and incidence of primary and secondary gout in black patients with gout who were admitted to the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa. Nineteen patients were admitted to hospital with gout over a 5-year period from 1977 to 1981. The admission rate was found to be 4.7/100 000 hospital admissions. Five patients (26%) presented with monoarthritis and 14 patients (74%) had polyarthritis on admission. The joints most frequently involved were the knees (74%), the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint (58%), and ankles (42%). The serum uric acid (SUA) was increased in 94%, and tophi were noted clinically in 47%. Eight patients (42%) with hypertension were on treatment with diuretics and 7 of these patients had a raised blood urea. These 8 patients (42%) were considered to have secondary gout, while no secondary causes were noted in the remaining 11 patients (58%) who had primary gout.
Platelets mediate neutrophil-dependent immune complex nephritis in the rat.
Authors: R J Johnson, C E Alpers, P Pritzl, M Schulze, P Baker, C Pruchno, W G Couser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Neutrophils and platelets are frequently present in glomeruli in immune glomerulonephritis (GN). No role for the platelet in acute neutrophil-mediated renal injury has been defined. We investigated a neutrophil-mediated model of subendothelial immune complex GN in the rat. Rats were platelet-depleted (mean platelet less than 10,000/microliter) with goat anti-platelet IgG before induction of GN by the renal artery perfusion of concanavalin A followed by anti-concanavalin A IgG. Platelet-depletion resulted in a significant reduction in albuminuria (7 +/- 2 vs. 55 +/- 10 mg/24 h) and fractional albumin excretion (0.045 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.410 +/- 0.09) compared with controls. The decrease in albuminuria was not due to differences in blood or glomerular neutrophil counts, complement, renal function, or glomerular antibody binding. Platelet-depleted rats had equivalent subendothelial deposits and glomerular endothelial cell injury but had minimal platelet infiltrates and fibrin deposition compared with controls. These studies demonstrate a role for platelets in mediating acute neutrophil-induced glomerular injury and proteinuria in this model of GN.
General Psychiatry as a Primary-Care Specialty
Authors: E. A. Zein-Eldin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The commentary on general psychiatry by Drs Oken and Fink should provide enlightenment to thousands of physicians throughout the country. In this area, thanks to the efforts of pioneering psychiatrists,<sup>1</sup>patients with primary mental disorders have been integrated in the general hospital setting for more than 40 years. This has gradually led to an increasing role of general psychiatrists as primary-care physicians. My experience shows that many patients insist on being hospitalized under my care as the primary physician for such conditions as renal calculi, delirium due to systemic infections, hemiparesis from a stroke, even fractures of the pelvis. They know I don't perform surgery, but they are "secure" in relating to me and trust that I will do my best to get them the proper treatment. To these patients I represent the "gateway" to the medical profession. My daily visits to their hospital beds for
HEMOLYSIS OF ERYTHROCYTES IN CONTACT WITH GLASS
Authors: Wallace O. Fenn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

1. Washed erythrocytes, in both acid and alkaline solutions, hemolyze more rapidly when allowed to settle out on a clean microscope slide than when kept in suspension. 2. This is also true on slides coated with paraffin, paraffin oil, or vaseline, and on mica surfaces. 3. The presence of as little as 0.1 per cent serum inhibits such contact hemolysis, particularly in alkaline solutions. 4. Contact hemolysis is most marked on slightly soiled glass, and may occur so rapidly with unfixed cells in a hemocytometer that accurate counts are rendered impossible. 5. Erythrocytes are more sticky than normally in acid solutions and less sticky in alkaline solutions. 6. The increased stickiness of erythrocytes in acid solutions and their larger size during contact hemolysis in acid media provide some experimental evidence for the view that contact hemolysis is to be correlated with an attempt on the part of the corpuscles, or some ingredient of the corpuscle, to spread on the glass after the manner of leucocytes and invertebrate blood cells.
Color Atlas of Medical Mycology
Authors: E. Dorinda Loeffel
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Learning medical mycology from a beautiful book like this should be a pleasure. More than 400 color photographs of excellent quality portray the salient facts of basic and clinical mycology: gross cultures (including contaminants), microscopic characteristics in cultures and tissue, potassium hydroxide preparations of scales and hair (with common artifacts shown), and clinical variations of the dermatophyte, yeast, and deep fungal diseases. The written text is also practical and clearly written, with excellent translation from the original French edition published in 1974. Although American readers must adjust to European terminology, this problem is minor, since all of the known synonyms for each organism and disease are clearly listed in several sections and tables. A glossary of fungal terms, with illustrations of each type of spore, mycelium, and reproductive organ, also helps with terminology, as does the excellent index. Unfortunately, no references are included, which particularly hampers the usefulness of sections
Abstract LB-161: Colospheres: 3D <i>ex vivo</i> microtumors with more aggressive phenotype than original human colon cancer tissues
Authors: Louis-Bastien Weiswald, Gérald Massonnet, Sophie Richon, Jean-Marc Guinebretiere, Dominique Bellet, Ivan Bieche, Virginie Dangles-Marie
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The ex vivo colospheres are a newly characterised three-dimensional colon cancer multicellular model, derived from mechanically dissociated human colon cancer tissue (Br J Cancer 2009, 101:473-82). We have previously demonstrated that this short term culture model is exclusively formed by cancer cells and associated with tumor aggressiveness. To further investigate the potential interest of colospheres as micrometastasis or cancer stem cell model, we used 3 human colon cancer xenografts directly established from 3 patient colon adenocarcinoma in Nude mice (Cancer Res 2007, 67:398-407). These xenograft tissues are able to give rise to numerous colospheres in only 3 days after mechanical dissociation. This approach allows working with reproducible biological tumor material, in which all human part is known to be cancer cells. Xenograft tissues and derived colospheres were collected for gene expression study. Expression of 78 genes, involved in stemness, proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, has been studied using real-time RT-PCR. All the probes used are human specific and do not cross with mouse genome. Consequently, the comparison of gene expression profiles corresponds to the comparison of gene expression in colosphere-forming cells versus that in the cancer cell counterpart from xenograft tissue. Gene expression clustering analysis clearly showed that for the 3 colon adenocarcinoma, colospheres matched with their parent xenografts. This first point is important because it demonstrated 1) the lack of ex vivo culture artefact (which would have led to classification into 2 groups: all xenografts opposed to all colospheres); 2) the relevance of colospheres for mimicking in vivo tumor cells. Nevertheless, in all 3 pairs xenograft/colospheres, 3 genes were found overexpressed: ALDH1, KLF4 and PLAUR. This overexpression has to be put in line with high tumorigenicity of these colospheres when injected into mice (Br J Cancer 2009, 101:473-82). Gene expression increase will be confirmed at protein level. To gain also information about location of the cells expressing ALDH1, KLF4 and PLAUR, we developed an immunostaining protocol for confocal microscopy and in situ protein detection (BMC Cancer, in revision). In conclusion, these preliminary data underline the interest of colospheres as ex vivo microtumor model with cancer initiating-cell functions. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-161.
Can microwave radiation at high temperatures reduce the toxicity of fibrous crocidolite asbestos?
Authors: M Gulumian, Z L Nkosibomvu, K Channa, H Pollak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Exposure of animals and humans to crocidolite asbestos fibers produces fibrosis and two types of cancers: bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma. It is therefore desirable to reduce toxicity of these fibers without affecting their other characteristics. In this study, commercial crocidolite asbestos fibers were radiated with microwave radiation at different temperatures. Radiated fibers and nonradiated original fibers were then studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy to quantify the amount of ferric and ferrous ions present at structurally different sites in each crocidolite sample. They were also studied for their ability to initiate the peroxidation of linoleic acid to assess the effect of radiation on this process. Results showed that microwave radiation reduced the total Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio. This reduction produced a concomitant decrease in the ability of the radiated samples to peroxidize linoleic acid.
Second-Line Combination Chemotherapy with Docetaxel and Nedaplatin for Cisplatin-Pretreated Refractory Metastatic/Recurrent Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jianhua Jin, Xiyuan Xu, Fang Wang, Guodu Yan, Jianyue Liu, Wenbin Lu, Xianwen Li, Steven Jay Tucker, Baoliang Zhong, Zhigang Cao, Daoyuan Wang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Competency in mismatch repair prohibits clonal expansion of cancer cells treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
Authors: J M Carethers, M T Hawn, D P Chauhan, M C Luce, G Marra, M Koi, C R Boland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The phenomenon of alkylation tolerance has been observed in cells that are deficient in some component of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system. An alkylation-induced cell cycle arrest had been reported previously in one MMR-proficient cell line, whereas a MMR-defective clone derived from this line escapes from this arrest. We examined human cancer cell lines to determine if the cell cycle arrest were dependent upon the MMR system. Growth characteristics and cell cycle analysis after MNNG treatment were ascertained in seven MMR-deficient and proficient cell lines, with and without confirmed mutations in hMLH1 or hMSH2 by an in vitro transcription/translation assay. MMR-proficient cells underwent growth arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle after the first S phase, whereas MMR-deficient cells escaped an initial G2 delay and resumed a normal growth pattern. In the HCT116 line corrected for defective MMR by chromosome 3 transfer, the G2 phase arrest lasted more than five days. In another MMR-proficient colon cancer cell line, SW480, cell death occurred five days after MNNG treatment. A competent MMR system appears to be necessary for G2 arrest or cell death after alkylation damage, and this cell cycle checkpoint may allow the cell to repair damaged DNA, or prevent the replication of mutated DNA by prohibiting clonal expansion.
Combination therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Additive preclinical efficacy of the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat with sorafenib
Authors: Anja Lachenmayer, Sara Toffanin, Laia Cabellos, Clara Alsinet, Yujin Hoshida, Augusto Villanueva, Beatriz Minguez, Hung-Wen Tsai, Stephen C. Ward, Swan Thung, Scott L. Friedman, Josep M. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)