tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor Irradiation Increases the Recruitment of Circulating Mesenchymal Stem Cells into the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Ann H. Klopp, Erika L. Spaeth, Jennifer L. Dembinski, Wendy A. Woodward, Anupama Munshi, Raymond E. Meyn, James D. Cox, Michael Andreeff, Frank C. Marini
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) migrate to and proliferate within sites of inflammation and tumors as part of the tissue remodeling process. Radiation increases the expression of inflammatory mediators that could enhance the recruitment of MSC into the tumor microenvironment. To investigate this, bilateral murine 4T1 breast carcinomas (expressing renilla luciferase) were irradiated unilaterally (1 or 2 Gy). Twenty-four hours later, 2 × 105 MSC-expressing firefly luciferase were injected i.v. Mice were then monitored with bioluminescent imaging for expression of both renilla (tumor) and firefly (MSC) luciferase. Forty-eight hours postirradiation, levels of MSC engraftment were 34% higher in tumors receiving 2 Gy (P = 0.004) than in the contralateral unirradiated limb. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections from mice treated unilaterally with 2 Gy revealed higher levels of MSC in the parenchyma of radiated tumors, whereas a higher proportion of MSC remained vasculature-associated in unirradiated tumors. To discern the potential mediators involved in MSC attraction, in vitro migration assays showed a 50% to 80% increase in MSC migration towards conditioned media from 1 to 5 Gy–irradiated 4T1 cells compared with unirradiated 4T1 cells. Irradiated 4T1 cells had increased expression of the cytokines, transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and this up-regulation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in tumors irradiated in vivo. Interestingly, the chemokine receptor CCR2 was found to be up-regulated in MSC exposed to irradiated tumor cells and inhibition of CCR2 led to a marked decrease of MSC migration in vitro. In conclusion, clinically relevant low doses of irradiation increase the tropism for and engraftment of MSC in the tumor microenvironment. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11687–95]
Pre-Anesthetie Evaluation of Patients on a Small Obstetrical Service
Authors: Lowry L. Sheely
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE PROVISION of adequate anesthesia coverage for a small obstetrical service presents several difficult problems. In our hospital, with no more than 400-600 deliveries per year, the exclusive assignment of an anesthesiologist to the obstetrical service is impractical and uneconomical because only 1 to 2 deliveries per 24 hours can be expected. This means that only on-call service is feasible. In the past the usual result was that the anesthesiologist did not have the opportunity for the equivalent of a preoperative evaluation and interview, and was often forced to administer anesthesia under emergency conditions. While serious mishaps are rare, such conditions are potentially very dangerous. Abnormalities which would have significant influence on the choice of anesthetic management for a particular patient may easily be overlooked. The lack of discussion between patient and anesthesiologist as to anesthetic management prior to the onset of labor puts both patient and anesthesiologist in a
Experts call for tougher targets on carbon emissions to avoid catastrophe
Authors: H. Nicholls
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Rising temperatures, melting ice, swollen seas, and increasingly erratic climatic events will cause water and food shortages that will not only bring a global health catastrophe but “trigger conflict within and between countries,” leading scientific, medical, and military experts warned at a conference in London on 17 October. 

“Climate change poses an immediate, growing, and grave threat to the health and security of people in both developed and developing countries around the globe,” says a statement signed at the meeting by, among others, Michael Jay (chairman of the medical aid charity Merlin), Ian Gilmore (former president of the Royal College of Physicians), Anthony Costello (director of the Institute for Global Health at University College London), Fiona Godlee (editor in chief of the BMJ ), Richard Horton (editor in chief of the Lancet ), and Hege Gjessing (president of the Norwegian Medical Association).

It adds, “Mass migration will also increase, triggered by both environmental stress and conflict, thus leading to serious further security issues.”

The …
The Composition of Coronary-Artery Plaques
Authors: M.J. Davies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Smoking, elevated levels of plasma lipids, and hypertension are known to increase the number of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta and coronary arteries.1,2 The influence of these cardiovascular risk factors on the structure and composition of individual plaques has been less well studied.The common factor precipitating acute cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease is thrombosis. Thrombosis develops on a plaque either because the overlying endothelium undergoes denudation (erosion) or because the plaque tears open (rupture), exposing the highly thrombogenic core to blood in the arterial lumen.3 The two processes differ in that after endothelial erosion the . . .
Fetal, infant, and childhood growth are predictors of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension in adult men and women.
Authors: C Osmond, D J Barker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Many human fetuses have to adapt to a limited supply of nutrients. In doing so they permanently change their structure and metabolism. These programmed changes may be the origins of a number of diseases in later life, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, and noninsulin- dependent diabetes. We review epidemiologic studies in which the incidence of these diseases has been related to the recorded, early growth of individuals, while considering factors in the adult lifestyle, such as obesity and socioeconomic status. We discuss possible mechanisms. For hypertension these mechanisms include placentation, maternal blood pressure, fetal undernutrition; childhood growth, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, renal structure, programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, vascular structure, and sympathetic nervous activity. For noninsulin-dependent diabetes we discuss mechanisms concerning both insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. We include a review of evidence for the programming of serum cholesterol and clotting factor concentrations. We address the timing of critical windows for coronary heart disease, reviewing studies that allow assessment of the relative importance of fetal, infant, and childhood growth. We argue for a research strategy that combines clinical, animal, and epidemiological studies.
Reactivation of rheumatoid arthritis during continuous infusion of interleukin 2: evidence of lymphocytic control of rheumatoid disease.
Authors: M Lavelle-Jones, A al-Hadrani, E M Spiers, F C Campbell, A Cuschieri
Journal: BMJ (1990)

between idiopathic polymyalgia rheumatica and hypo- thyroidism is unlikely.
Iron-mediated regulation of liver hepcidin expression in rats and mice is abolished by alcohol
Authors: Duygu Dee Harrison-Findik, Elizabeth Klein, Callie Crist, John Evans, Nikolai Timchenko, John Gollan
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Alcohol reduces and iron increases liver hepcidin synthesis. This study investigates the interaction of alcohol and iron in the regulation of hepcidin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in animal models. Mice were administered 10% ethanol for 7 days after an iron-overloaded diet. Rats were administered regular or ethanol-Lieber De Carli diets for 7 weeks with or without carbonyl iron. Hfe(-/-) mice were used as a model for genetic iron overload. Hepcidin mRNA expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and northern blotting. Iron elevated and alcohol decreased liver hepcidin expression in mice and rats. Interestingly, despite iron overload, alcohol was capable of suppressing the up-regulation of hepcidin mRNA expression in both models. Liver iron and ferritin protein expression was elevated in alcohol-treated rats, but was not elevated further in rats treated with both iron and alcohol. Duodenal ferroportin protein expression was increased both in alcohol-treated mice and in mice treated with alcohol and iron. Hfe(-/-) mice treated with ethanol for 7 days exhibited a further decrease in hepcidin mRNA expression. The iron-induced increase in DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha) was also suppressed by alcohol.Alcohol abolishes the iron-induced up-regulation of both liver hepcidin transcription and the DNA-binding activity of C/EBP alpha. Of note, hepcidin protects the body from the harmful effects of iron overload. Our findings therefore suggest that alcohol negates the protective effect of hepcidin, which may have implications for the liver injury observed in alcoholic liver disease and genetic hemochromatosis in combination with alcohol.
N-acetylcysteine on its way to a broader application in patients with acute liver failure
Authors: Alexander Koch, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antidote for acetaminophen poisoning, might benefit patients with non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure. METHODS: In a prospective, double-blind trial, acute liver failure patients without clinical or historical evidence of acetaminophen overdose were stratified by site and coma grade and assigned randomly to groups that were given NAC or placebo (dextrose) infusion for 72 hours. The primary outcome was overall survival at 3 weeks. Secondary outcomes included transplant-free survival and rate of transplantation. RESULTS: A total of 173 patients received NAC (n = 81) or placebo (n = 92). Overall survival at 3 weeks was 70% for patients given NAC and 66% for patients given placebo (1-sided P = .283). Transplant-free survival was significantly better for NAC patients (40%) than for those given placebo (27%; 1-sided P = .043). The benefits of transplant-free survival were confined to the 114 patients with coma grades I-II who received NAC (52% compared with 30% for placebo; 1-sided P = .010); transplant-free survival for the 59 patients with coma grades III-IV was 9% in those given NAC and 22% in those given placebo (1-sided P = .912). The transplantation rate was lower in the NAC group but was not significantly different between groups (32% vs 45%; P = .093). Intravenous NAC generally was well tolerated; only nausea and vomiting occurred significantly more frequently in the NAC group (14% vs 4%; P = .031). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous NAC improves transplant-free survival in patients with early stage non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure. Patients with advanced coma grades do not benefit from NAC and typically require emergency liver transplantation.
1374 ANA POSITIVITY IDENTIFIES A SUBGROUP OF NAFLD PATIENTS WITH DISTINCT METABOLIC PROFILE AND IMPAIRED HISTOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO WEIGHT LOSS
Authors: L. Vonghia, A. Verrijken, L. Luc Van Gaal, E. Van Marck, V. Van Marck, P. Pelckmans, P. Michielsen, S. Francque
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Sources of Contamination in Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Ronica M. Kluge
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A prospective study was undertaken to identify potential sources of infection in patients requiring open heart surgery. Preoperative blood and urine cultures were sterile. Cultures done during surgery were positive in 47 (71%) of 66 patients studied. The most common site of microbial contamination was the repaired area of the myocardium and the prosthesis just prior to wound closure; diphtheroids and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most frequent operative isolants. Postoperative blood cultures were sterile; however, 41% of urinary catheter tips and 50% of intravascular catheter tips yielded a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms and fungi. Endocarditis was not encountered despite the high incidence of perioperative contamination by organisms that commonly cause postoperative infective endocarditis.  ( JAMA 230:1415-1418, 1974)
276 WEEK 4 HCV RNA IS THE OPTIMAL PREDICTOR OF SVR IN BOTH HIV POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SUBJECTS WITHIN THE AUSTRALIAN TRIAL IN ACUTE HCV
Authors: G.V. Matthews, J. Grebely, M. Hellard, B. Yeung, P. Marks, W. Rawlinson, J. Kaldor, G.J. Dore
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia following therapy for indolent lymphoma with fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone (FND) plus rituximab and interferon alpha
Authors: Peter McLaughlin, Elihu Estey, Armand Glassman, Jorge Romaguera, Felipe Samaniego, Ana Ayala, Kimberly Hayes, Anne Marie Maddox, H. Alejandro Preti, Fredrick B. Hagemeister
Journal: Blood (2005)
Ultrasound-guided fetal intravenous transfusion for severe rhesus haemolytic disease.
Authors: J Bang, J E Bock, D Trolle
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Intrauterine, intraperitoneal transfusion is associated with a poor survival rate in fetuses with hydrops and low gestational age. A method of direct fetal intravenous transfusion was used in two fetuses. One fetus with severe rhesus haemolytic disease was given transfusions in the 29th and 30th weeks of gestation, using an ultrasound-guided needle through the hepatic part of the umbilical vein without fetoscopy. In another fetus, an experimental cannulation of the umbilical vein succeeded in the 23rd week of gestation. Ultrasound-guided fetal intravenous transfusion avoids the use of fetoscopy, which has limitations, and may improve the prognosis for rhesus-sensitised fetuses.
Association of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Ozone with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hui Hu, Sandie Ha, Barron H. Henderson, Tamara D. Warner, Jeffrey Roth, Haidong Kan, Xiaohui Xu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundAmbient air pollution has been linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, evidence of the association is very limited, and no study has estimated the effects of ozone.ObjectiveOur aim was to determine the association of prenatal exposures to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) with GDM.MethodsWe used Florida birth vital statistics records to investigate the association between the risk of GDM and two air pollutants (PM2.5 and O3) among 410,267 women who gave birth in Florida between 2004 and 2005. Individual air pollution exposure was assessed at the woman's home address at time of delivery using the hierarchical Bayesian space–time statistical model. We further estimated associations between air pollution exposures during different trimesters and GDM.ResultsAfter controlling for nine covariates, we observed increased odds of GDM with per 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (ORTrimester1 = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.21; ORTrimester2 = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.20; ORPregnancy = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.26) and per 5-ppb increase in O3 (ORTrimester1 = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.11; ORTrimester2 = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.14; ORPregnancy = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.21) during both the first trimester and second trimester as well as the full pregnancy in single-pollutant models. Compared with the single-pollutant model, the ORs for O3 were almost identical in the co-pollutant model. However, the ORs for PM2.5 during the first trimester and the full pregnancy were attenuated, and no association was observed for PM2.5 during the second trimester in the co-pollutant model (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.07).ConclusionThis population-based study suggests that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of GDM in Florida, USA.CitationHu H, Ha S, Henderson BH, Warner TD, Roth J, Kan H, Xu X. 2015. Association of atmospheric particulate matter and ozone with gestational diabetes mellitus. Environ Health Perspect 123:853–859; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408456
Video Manometry of the Sphincter of Oddi: A New Aid for Interpreting Manometric Tracings and Excluding Manometric Artefacts
Authors: L. Madácsy, H.V. Middelfart, P. Matzen, P. Funch-Jensen
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry (ESOM) allows direct assessment of motor function in the sphincter of Oddi. However, variations in examination conditions and duodenal motility may have a critical effect on the results of ESOM. The aim of the present study was to develop a new method sphincter of Oddi video manometry-based on simultaneous ESOM and real-time endoscopic image analysis, and to investigate the usefulness of video manometry for detecting manometric artefacts during ESOM.Seven consecutive patients who had undergone cholecystectomy and were referred with a suspicion of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction were investigated. Sphincter of Oddi pressure and endoscopic images (20 frames/s) were recorded simultaneously on a Synectics PC Polygraf computer system with a time-correlated basis, and then compared.On ESOM, 69 sphincter of Oddi phasic contractions were identified, with an average amplitude of 153.9+/-85.0 mm Hg and a duration of 7.9+/-1.2 seconds. Visual analysis of the real-time endoscopic images, replayed in cine loop by the computer, revealed 236 separate duodenal contractions, with an average frequency of 3.5+/-2.4/min (range: 1-12/min). On the ESOM tracing, 78% of the duodenal contractions had a corresponding pressure wave with an average duration of 2.8+/-0.4 seconds and an amplitude of 71.9+/-16.7 mm Hg. Other artefacts on the ESOM tracings, such as catheter movements, pseudocontractions, hyperventilation, or retching, were also easily recognized using simultaneous ESOM and real-time endoscopic image analysis.Video manometry of the sphincter of Oddi is a promising new method for improving the analysis and documentation of ESOM tracings. It has several advantages over the conventional technique, allowing visual detection of duodenal activity and enabling enhanced recognition of other manometric artefacts.
Differences Between Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Extracts and Nicotine in the Activation of Platelets Under Static and Flow Conditions
Authors: David Rubenstein, Jolyon Jesty, Danny Bluestein
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Cigarette smoke is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Enhanced function of the hemostatic system, in which platelets play a major role, is a significant underlying mechanism in cardiovascular disease and its progression. Epidemiological studies, complemented by physiological and biochemical data, show that cigarette smoke adversely affects platelet function, both in smokers and in nonsmokers exposed to sidestream smoke.The thrombogenic potential of platelets subjected to mainstream smoke extracts, sidestream extracts, and nicotine was measured in vitro under static and dynamic flow conditions. Platelet activation state was measured with a modified prothrombinase-based method. Mainstream and sidestream smoke extracts caused increased platelet activation. Although low-tar mainstream extracts activated platelets less than high-tar extracts, the sidestream extracts were almost equally potent. Modification of the filters of low-tar cigarettes, by blocking the air-bypass holes, raised activation rates by mainstream extracts to the level of high-tar extracts. Nicotine (50 nmol/L and 5 micromol/L) inhibited platelet activation under both flow and static conditions.Cigarette smoke extracts directly cause platelet activation but also markedly increase the susceptibility of platelets to activation by shear stress. In contrast, nicotine, although also a constituent of cigarette smoke, significantly reduces platelet susceptibility to shear stress.
Cinacalcet in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cumulative Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Suetonia C. Palmer, Ionut Nistor, Jonathan C. Craig, Fabio Pellegrini, Piergiorgio Messa, Marcello Tonelli, Adrian Covic, Giovanni F. M. Strippoli
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Background Calcimimetic agents lower serum parathyroid hormone levels in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but treatment effects on patient-relevant outcomes are uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the benefits and harms of calcimimetic therapy in adults with CKD and used cumulative meta-analysis to identify how evidence for calcimimetic treatment has developed in this clinical setting. Methods and Findings Cochrane and Embase databases (through February 7, 2013) were electronically searched to identify randomized trials evaluating effects of calcimimetic therapy on mortality and adverse events in adults with CKD. Two independent reviewers identified trials, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Eighteen trials comprising 7,446 participants compared cinacalcet plus conventional therapy with placebo or no treatment plus conventional therapy in adults with CKD. In moderate- to high-quality evidence (based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria) in adults with CKD stage 5D (dialysis), cinacalcet had little or no effect on all-cause mortality (relative risk, 0.97 [95% confidence interval, 0.89–1.05]), had imprecise effect on cardiovascular mortality (0.67 [0.16–2.87]), and prevented parathyroidectomy (0.49 [0.40–0.59]) and hypercalcemia (0.23 [0.05–0.97]), but increased hypocalcemia (6.98 [5.10–9.53]), nausea (2.02 [1.45–2.81]), and vomiting (1.97 [1.73–2.24]). Data for clinical outcomes were sparse in adults with CKD stages 3–5. On average, treating 1,000 people with CKD stage 5D for 1 y had no effect on survival and prevented about three patients from experiencing parathyroidectomy, whilst 60 experienced hypocalcemia and 150 experienced nausea. Analyses were limited by insufficient data in CKD stages 3–5 and kidney transplant recipients. Conclusions Cinacalcet reduces the need for parathyroidectomy in patients with CKD stage 5D, but does not appear to improve all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Additional trials in CKD stage 5D are unlikely to change our confidence in the treatment effects of cinacalcet in this population. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Early death rate in acute promyelocytic leukemia remains high despite all-trans retinoic acid
Authors: Jae H. Park, Baozhen Qiao, Katherine S. Panageas, Maria J. Schymura, Joseph G. Jurcic, Todd L. Rosenblat, Jessica K. Altman, Dan Douer, Jacob M. Rowe, Martin S. Tallman
Journal: Blood (2011)