tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunopathologic Studies of Pneumonitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: TAKATOSHl INOUE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We performed immunohistopathologic studies on biopsied lung tissue obtained from two patients with lupus pneumonitis using immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, electron microscopy, and acid-microelution. In both patients, immunofluorescence showed granular deposits of IgG, the third component of complement (C3), and DNA in the alveolar walls. The immunoperoxidase technique in both and electron microscopy in one showed that these deposits were in the interstitium of the alveolar walls and in the alveolar capillary walls. The eluates obtained from cryostat sections of the biopsied lungs contained antinuclear factor of IgG class in one patient and showed anti-DNA antibody activity in both. We suggest that the deposits are immune complexes composed of DNA, anti-DNA antibody, and complement and that deposits of DNA-anti-DNA immune complex may play a role in lupus pneumonitis.
BREAST FEEDING PROBLEMS: I. MATERNAL
Authors: C. ULYSSES MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The mental hazards of motherhood are multitudinous. Left to her own instincts and inherited intuitions, a mother naturally wishes to nurse her baby. Too often, however, the statements of well intentioned friends and the literature that comes to hand raise the question in her mind as to the possibility or advisability of doing so. When a mother has decided that she will nurse her baby, many problems of personal hygiene and nutrition arise. A proper balance between exercise, rest and caloric intake is so essential to successful nursing that physicians need to advise a mother on these points in considerable detail. Nine hours of sleep and a mile walk daily in the open air, lightly clothed, are essentials. If we can interpret the nutritional requirements of lactating rats as paralleling those of human beings, the diet must be not only calorically adequate but include ample vitamins, minerals and certain amino-acids,
Liver Injury Associated With Tranylcypromine Therapy
Authors: Calvin Bandt, F.W. Hoffbauer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE OCCURRENCE OF liver injury in patients receiving monamine oxidase inhibiting drugs of the hydrazine group has been well documented.<sup>1</sup>Similar reactions have not been reported with the nonhydrazine monamine oxidase inhibiting drug, tranylcypromine sulfate.<sup>2</sup>In a patient receiving this drug liver injury developed. After recovery the patient exhibited recurrent symptoms and abnormal laboratory values when given a challenge dose of the drug. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Since 1958 a 49-year-old housewife had been seen intermittently in the psychiatric clinic for involutional depression. On May 8, 1962, tranylcypromine, 20 mg daily, was prescribed. At a return visit six weeks later, the patient complained of weakness and malaise of recent onset. The significance of these symptoms was not appreciated and the dosage of tranylcypromine was increased to 30 mg daily. One week later the patient returned, complaining of nausea, diarrhea, and anorexia. Dark urine, light stools, jaundice, and epigastric
Report recommends drug agency for Scotland
Authors: B Christie
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A national drugs agency is needed in Scotland to coordinate services designed to combat the country's growing drugs problem, a parliamentary inquiry has concluded. Scotland is estimated to have 20 000 drug injectors - the highest proportion in any country in Europe.

The Netherlands has three times the population of Scotland but the same number of injectors. The inquiry's report calculates the cost to society of illegal drug use in Scotland to be over £1bn after account is taken of health and social care costs and …
Human C4-binding protein. Association with immune complexes in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: J Scharfstein, E B Correa, G R Gallo, V Nussenzweig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

C4-binding protein (bp), a glycoprotein with specific binding affinity for the activated form of C4 (C4b), has recently been isolated from human serum and partially characterized. This report demonstrates that C4-bp is incorporated into soluble immune complexes after complement activation in vitro. The reaction requires Ca++ ions and the presence of C4 in serum. Immunopathological studies of various forms of glomerulonephritis revealed intense C4-bp deposition in glomeruli from patients with immune-complex type of pathogenesis. C4-bp deposition was in close correlation with that of C4. These observations, together with the in vitro association of C4-bp to immune complexes, support the notion that the deposits in glomeruli represent the local accumulation of immune complexes.
Coroner highlights prescribing error after patient dies from warfarin overdose
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Health resource use and identification of related costs are two essential steps in health economics assessment. The elicited costs will be balanced with health outcome improvement and enable the comparison of different diagnostic procedures or therapeutic strategies from a health economic point of view. The cost typology can be disentangled in three main components, that is, direct cost related to health resource use, indirect costs related to productivity loss and sometimes intangible costs (costs related to pain and suffering). These costs can be elicited from different perspectives depending on the general aim of the assessment: payer, societal perspective or patient perspective. Practically, the first step corresponds to the quantification of health resource use, that is, number of consultations, biological or imaging workups, hospitalisation, dispensed medication units or days on sick leave. It can be done by specific self-questionnaires or by access to insurance health databases. The second step is then to value each health resource use item, based on available public databases—either produced by insurance entities or statistics institute—providing the unit costs for each item. Importantly, substantial variability does exist in the costing exercise, requiring accepting a certain uncertainty around cost estimates. This can be taken into account by sensitivity analyses, which capture in what extent measurement error can impact cost assessment, depending on different hypotheses or assumptions. One essential element of health economic assessment is the identification of costs incurred by or associated with a specific health condition for a study on the economic burden of a disease—cost-of-illness study—or with a given diagnostic or therapeutic intervention in the context of health technology assessment in which these costs are compared with the alternative reference strategy—cost-effectiveness study.
Food allergy in atopic eczema I. The effect of maternal diet on breast-fed babies with eczema
Authors: A.J. Cant, P.J. Kilshaw, J.A. Bailes, R.A. Marsden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Eczema in infants solely breast fed may be caused by food proteins transmitted through mother's milk (Warner, 1980). By radioimmunoassay we identified traces of cow's milk and egg proteins in human milk 2–4 h after oral challenge. Sixty‐nine exclusively breast‐fed infants with eczema and 36 controls were then studied. The infants' rashes were classified as ‘definite atopic eczema’ (DAE), ‘possible atopic eczema’ (PAE) and ‘atopic eczema unlikely’ (AEU). All were skin prick‐tested against 12 common antigens including six foods. Thirty‐five mothers who were breast feeding eczematous infants then completed controlled trials of cows' milk and egg exclusion diets. Sixty‐nine per cent of infants with DAE, 37% with PAE, 25% with AEU and 8% of controls gave positive skin tests to food antigens, in all but three cases to egg and cows' milk. Thirty of 35 (86%) infants did not benefit from a maternal cow's milk and egg exclusion diet. In five, however, exclusion appeared to be effective and double‐blind challenge provoked eczema in all five and diarrhoea and colitis in one. Although half of exclusively breast‐fed infants with eczema (DAE and PAE) show cutaneous hypersensitivity to cows' milk or egg protein, only a minority improve if mothers avoid these foods.
“Smile down the phone”: Extending the effects of smiles to vocal social interactions
Authors: Frédéric Basso, Olivier Oullier
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract The SIMS model offers an embodied perspective to cognition and behaviour that can be applied to organizational studies. This model enriches behavioural and brain research conducted by social scientists on emotional work (also known as emotional labour ) by including the key role played by body-related aspects in interpersonal exchanges. Nevertheless, one could also study a more vocal aspect to smiling as illustrated by the development of “smile down the phone” strategies in organizations. We propose to gather face-to-face and voice-to-voice interactions in an embodied perspective taking into account Lakoff and Johnson's (1980) theory of conceptual metaphors.
Somatostatin Receptor sst2 Decreases Cell Viability and Hormonal Hypersecretion and Reverses Octreotide Resistance of Human Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Julie Acunzo, Sylvie Thirion, Catherine Roche, Alexandru Saveanu, Ginette Gunz, Anne Laure Germanetti, Bettina Couderc, Richard Cohen, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Henry Dufour, Thierry Brue, Alain Enjalbert, Anne Barlier
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract In human somatotroph adenomas, growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion can be inhibited by somatostatin analogues such as octreotide. Unfortunately, serum GH levels reach normal values in only 60% of treated patients. The decreased sensitivity to octreotide is strongly related to a lower expression of somatostatin receptor sst2. In this present study, the sst2 gene was transferred by an adenoviral vector (Ad-sst2) in human somatotroph (n = 7) and lactotroph (n = 2) adenomas in vitro. Sst2 mRNA levels and sst2 immunostaining dramatically increased after infection. Ten days after infection at 20 multiplicity of infection (MOI), sst2 gene transfer decreased cell viability from 19% to 90% by caspase-dependent apoptosis. At low viral doses (5 MOI), Ad-sst2 decreased GH or prolactin (PRL) basal secretion and mRNA expression. Somatotroph tumors were classified in three groups according to their octreotide sensitivity. Four days after infection by 5 MOI Ad-sst2, the maximal GH suppression by octreotide increased from 31% to 57% in the octreotide partially resistant group and from 0% to 27% in the resistant ones. In the octreotide-sensitive group, EC50 values significantly decreased from 1.3 × 10−11 to 6.6 × 10−13 mol/L without improving maximal GH suppression. Finally, lactotroph tumors, nonresponding to octreotide in basal conditions, became octreotide sensitive with a maximal PRL suppression of 43% at 10−8 mol/L. Therefore, sst2 reexpression is able to improve octreotide sensitivity. Sst2 gene transfer may open new theapeutic strategies in treatment combined with somatostatin analogues. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10163–70]
Intravenous Calcitriol in the Treatment of Refractory Osteitis Fibrosa of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: D L Andress, K C Norris, J W Coburn, E A Slatopolsky, D J Sherrard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Osteitis fibrosa, a frequent complication of chronic renal failure, is characterized by increased rates of bone formation and bone resorption due to increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Effective treatment with oral calcitriol is often impossible in patients with osteitis fibrosa, because low doses may cause hypercalcemia. Because short-term infusions of intravenous calcitriol are capable of suppressing the secretion of parathyroid hormone in patients with uremia without causing hypercalcemia, we evaluated the effectiveness of long-term intermittent calcitriol infusions (1.0 to 2.5 micrograms three times weekly, during dialysis) in treating severe osteitis fibrosa in 12 consecutive patients on hemodialysis whose disease was refractory to conventional therapy. After a mean (+/- SE) treatment period of 11.5 +/- 1.4 months, the mean bone-formation rate declined from 1642 +/- 277 to 676 +/- 106 microns 2 per square millimeter per day (P less than 0.01) in the 11 patients who successfully completed the study. Similar reductions occurred in the osteoblastic osteoid (18 +/- 3 to 9 +/- 2 percent; P less than 0.01) and the degree of marrow fibrosis (6.2 +/- 1.7 to 3.5 +/- 1.3 percent; P = 0.01). Concomitant serum biochemical changes included increased calcium levels (2.55 +/- 0.03 to 2.67 +/- 0.05 mmol per liter; P less than 0.01), decreased alkaline phosphatase levels (489 +/- 77 to 184 +/- 32 U per liter; P less than 0.001), and decreased levels of PTH (amino-terminal, 172 +/- 34 to 69 +/- 16 ng per liter in five patients, P less than 0.03; and carboxy-terminal, 1468 +/- 467 to 1083 +/- 402 ml-eq per liter in six patients, P not significant). Although the majority of the patients had transient episodes of asymptomatic hypercalcemia, this complication could be quickly reversed by temporarily halting treatment or decreasing the dose of calcitriol. We conclude that long-term intermittent infusions of intravenous calcitriol are effective in ameliorating osteitis fibrosa in patients on dialysis. Patients whose osteitis fibrosa is refractory to oral calcitriol and who are candidates for parathyroidectomy should be considered first for intravenous calcitriol therapy.
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning: Sulphur Metabolism
Authors: J. Beattie, P. H. Herbert, C. Wechtel, C. W. Steele
Journal: BMJ (1944)

present-day medical practice tends to limit investigation to assigning a name to a clinical picture."These names applied to disease," he says, " come to assume the importance of speci- fic entities, whereas they are for the most part no more than insecure and therefore temporary conceptions."Further, with the development of the science of bacteriology we have tended to take the view that one disease is likely to have one cause.This review of the aetiology of erythema nodosum shows how false this conception is and how necessary it is to search beyond a mere diagnosis if we are to understand a disease or syndrome.Erythema nodosum presents a clinical picture as clear-cut as many other so-called disease's, yet, as we have seen, it may be produced by several different and quite unrelated infections.Further studies may well show that the same holds true fur many disorders at present accepted as specific diseases.
RIBBON-2: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab In Combination with Chemotherapy for Second-Line Treatment of HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Authors: A. Brufsky, I. Bondarenko, V. Smirnov, S. Hurvitz, E. Perez, O. Ponomarova, I. Vynnychenko, R. Swamy, H. Mu, R. Rivera
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Three prior Phase III trials (E2100, AVADO, and RIBBON-1) established the clinical benefit of adding bevacizumab (BV) to various chemotherapies (chemos) as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A previous Phase III study (AVF2119g) in patients with predominantly heavily pre-treated MBC, in which BV was added to capecitabine (Cape), resulted in a significant increase in objective response rate (ORR), but did not meet the primary endpoint for progression-free survival (PFS). The current study, RIBBON-2, was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of BV to chemotherapies used as second-line treatment for MBC.Methods: Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to chemo+BV or chemo+placebo (PL). Key eligibility criteria included one prior cytotoxic treatment for MBC, ECOG performance status of 0 to 1, and HER2-negative or unknown status. Prior to randomization, investigators chose one of the following chemo agents: taxane (T; paclitaxel 90 mg/m2/wk for 3 of the 4 weeks; paclitaxel 175 mg/m2, nab-paclitaxel 260 mg/m2, docetaxel 75–100 mg/m2, all given q3wk), gemcitabine (G; 1250 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 q3wk), Cape (2000 mg/m2 Days 1–14 q3wk), or vinorelbine (V; 30 mg/m2/wk). BV or PL was administered at 10 mg/kg q2wk or 15 mg/kg q3wk, depending on the chemo regimen. The primary endpoint of the study was investigator-assessed PFS pooled across the chemo cohorts. Key secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), PFS within individual chemo cohorts, ORR, and safety.Results: 684 patients (T, 304; G, 160; Cape, 144; and V, 76) at 211 sites in 19 countries were randomized between February 2006 and June 2008. Overall, the two study arms were balanced for patient characteristics at baseline. The study met its primary endpoint of PFS pooled across chemo cohorts and also demonstrated a 10% increase in ORR when BV was added to chemo. At the interim analysis for OS, the median durations were 18 mo for chemo+BV and 16.4 mo for chemo+PL (see table).Across all chemo cohorts the incidence of BV-related AEs was consistent with data from previous studies. Hypertension was the only BV-related AE consistently increased in the chemo+BV arm across all chemo cohorts.Conclusions: The addition of BV to chemotherapies used for second-line treatment of MBC led to a significant improvement in PFS. The AE profile of BV in the overall study population and across the chemotherapy cohorts was consistent with that previously observed. Additional analyses, including PFS for the individual chemo cohorts, will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 42.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF ENHANCED DEPRESSION TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES: THE COPES RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Siqin Ye, Jonathan Shaffer, Nina Rieckmann, Joseph Schwartz, Ian M. Kronish, Joseph A. Ladapo, William Whang, Matthew Burg, Karina Davidson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The controlled trial and the advance of reliable knowledge
Authors: K D MacRae, J. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1983)

of science described by Hugh Dudley and no doubt will in time, having exhausted myself with the scientific rigours of the randomised controlled trials, yet without wishing to appear sanctimonious what alternative frame- work for progress does Professor Dudley offer other than to continue muddling through ?The time is long overdue when we should be considering if medicine is or is not a scientific discipline.If we are indeed a scientific discipline then the General Medical Council could protect the public more efficiently by keeping a register of remedies that have been scientifically evaluated, rather than a register of doctors, many of whom have joined the British Holistic Medical Society.If we are not a scientific discipline, then I can see no demarcation between orthodoxy and the fringe, with the GMC register serving only to protect the status and income of doctors by operating a closed shop.
Phase I Trial of Adoptive Immunotherapy With Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Immunized Against a Tyrosinase Epitope
Authors: Malcolm S. Mitchell, Denise Darrah, David Yeung, Samuel Halpern, Anne Wallace, Joseph Voland, Vicky Jones, June Kan-Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To study distribution and toxicity of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against a single melanoma epitope. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CD8+ T cells obtained by leukapheresis from 10 patients with disseminated HLA-A2.1+, tyrosinase-positive melanomas were immunized in vitro against tyrosinase369-377 (YMNGTMSQV). Drosophila cells transduced with HLA-A2.1, CD80, and CD54 (intracellular adhesion molecule-1) were used for priming, followed by two rounds of immunization with mononuclear cells as antigen-presenting cells. 1 × 108 CTL were infused intravenously (IV) on day 1. CTL frequency was measured by limiting dilutions in five patients. 111In labeling and scintigraphy measured distribution of CTL in next five. Five days later, 1 × 108 CTLs were infused on 4 successive days to both groups. Immunohistology of response was judged by biopsies. RESULTS: Infusions were nontoxic. CTLs were undetectable in the blood, going to lungs within 5 minutes. At 4, 24, and 72 hours, they were found in liver and spleen. Lesions were visualized by scintiscans in one responding patient where two subcutaneous nodules were noted at 4 and 24 hours. A second patient had a partial response and remains alive with disease 2 years later. CD8+ T cells were found in lesions of responders, associated with the presence of HLA-A2 molecules and tyrosinase. Two nonresponders without tyrosinase and HLA-A2 molecules had a paucity of CD8+ T cells in their lesions. Whether the CD8+ T cells in lesions of responders were those we had reinfused is uncertain. CONCLUSION: CTLs immunized against a single melanoma epitope were nontoxic but did not specifically localize to tumor sites. Nevertheless, two patients had disease regression. Additional therapeutic studies with specifically immunized CTL seem justified.
Nitrate contamination of drinking water: evaluation of genotoxic risk in human populations.
Authors: J C Kleinjans, H J Albering, A Marx, J M van Maanen, B van Agen, F ten Hoor, G M Swaen, P L Mertens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Nitrate contamination of drinking water implies a genotoxic risk to man due to the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds from nitrate-derived nitrite. Thus far, epidemiological studies have presented conflicting results on the relation of drinking water nitrate levels with gastric cancer incidence. This uncertainty becomes of relevance in view of the steadily increasing nitrate levels in regular drinking water supplies. In an attempt to apply genetic biomarker analysis to improve the basis for risk assessment with respect to drinking water nitrate contamination, this study evaluates peripheral lymphocyte chromosomal damage in human populations exposed to low, medium, and high drinking water nitrate levels, the latter being present in private water wells. It is shown that nitrate contamination of drinking water causes dose-dependent increases in nitrate body load as monitored by 24-hr urinary nitrate excretion in female volunteers, but this appears not to be associated with peripheral lymphocyte sister chromatid exchange frequencies.
Side Effects of Hemodialysis
Authors: Garabed Eknoyan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Long-term hemodialysis for the therapy of endstage kidney disease has dramatically altered the otherwise fatal outcome of progressive renal disease. Clinical experience and technologic advances have reduced many of the difficulties and hazards associated with the procedure. As a result, some 10 per cent of the 55,000 patients on maintenance hemodialysis in the United States are able to perform the procedure at home, and many others undergo dialysis in centers with only limited medical supervision. These creditable achievements notwithstanding, sporadic cases of technical failure and serious complications continue to occur. More distressing to patients, however, are some of the recurrent . . .