tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Binding of nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to normal human intestinal mucin and respiratory mucin from patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: U Sajjan, J Reisman, P Doig, R T Irvin, G Forstner, J Forstner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Lung infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia are common in patients with cystic fibrosis. Initial colonization is due to nonmucoid P. aeruginosa, while later mucoid variants emerge and are associated with chronic infection. P. cepacia colonization tends to be more prevalent in older patients. The present study was conducted to discover whether highly purified mucins (from cystic fibrosis sputum and control intestinal secretions) exhibited specific binding of nonmucoid P. aeruginosa. In vitro solid phase microtiter binding assays (with or without a blocking agent) as well as solution phase assays were conducted. Bacteria bound to both mucins via bacterial pili, but no differences in binding capacity were noted between the mucins. Unlike P. cepacia (described in the accompanying manuscript) there was also no preferential binding of P. aeruginosa to mucins versus bovine serum albumin, casein, gelatin, or a host of structurally unrelated proteins and glycoproteins. Carbohydrate hapten inhibition studies did not suggest the existence of specific mucin carbohydrate receptors for P. aeruginosa. In solid phase assays a low concentration (0.05 M) of tetramethylurea abolished P. aeruginosa bacterial binding to both mucins as well as to BSA, whereas in solution phase assays mucin binding to bacteria was not completely disrupted by tetramethylurea. Specific monoclonal antipilus antibodies did not inhibit binding to a greater extent than did Fab fragments of normal mouse IgG. Binding of strains PAO1 and PAK (and isolated PAK pili) to buccal epithelial cells was not influenced by the presence of mucin in binding assay mixtures. Our findings do not support the widely held notion that specific mucin receptors are responsible for the attachment of P. aeruginosa pili, nor do they support the idea that there is a competitive interference by mucins of bacterial binding to respiratory cells. In patients with cystic fibrosis, it would seem unlikely therefore that initial colonization of the lungs by P. aeruginosa is due to a 'selective tropism' of these bacteria for respiratory mucin.
PITYRIASIS ROSEA OF THE SCALP-AN ALMOST INVARIABLE LOCALIZATION OF THE DISEASE IN CHILDREN
Authors: H. HAXTHAUSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1927)

Journal Article PITYRIASIS ROSEA OF THE SCALP‐AN ALMOST INVARIABLE LOCALIZATION OF THE DISEASE IN CHILDREN Get access H. HAXTHAUSEN, M.D H. HAXTHAUSEN, M.D From the Skin‐Department of the Rigshospital, Copenhagen (Prof. C. Rasch) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 39, Issue 4, 1 April 1927, Pages 141–143, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1927.tb10062.x Published: 01 April 1927
Craig Donald Burrell
Authors: C. Burrell
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Craig Donald Burrell, physician, Sandoz executive, and past president of the New York Academy of Sciences, died on 20 November 2009 at the Lutheran Medical Centre, Brooklyn, from a massive cerebral haemorrhage. He had travelled to celebrate Thanksgiving with his family.

His career in America began in January 1960, when he was appointed assistant professor of medicine and medicine in psychiatry at Cornell University Medical School in New York City. He was in charge of the Metabolic Unit of the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic, having previously, with a hospital physicist, set up the first radioiodine diagnostic and research unit in Wales.

1961 marked the beginning of a 25 year employment with Sandoz (first Sandoz Pharmaceuticals and then Sandoz Inc). Dr Burrell served Sandoz as medical director (where he liaised with the Food and Drug Administration on clinical trials, including the removal of LSD from clinical research), vice president of medical affairs, and, finally, as vice president of external affairs. He sat on the steering committee of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, and was its representative to the board of trustees of the American Association of Laboratory Animal Care, which he served as treasurer and as a member of its executive committee.

He was active as a spokesman on issues ranging from patient package inserts to ethics in research. He was responsible for ensuring that Sandoz did not use prisoners for medical research, and he testified before the National Commission on Protection …
IDENTITY OF OHARA'S DISEASE AND TULAREMIA
Authors: EDWARD FRANCIS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The present account of what we have styled for convenience's sake Ohara's disease is based on two papers<sup>1</sup>published in Japanese, reprints of which were kindly sent to one of us by the author, Dr. Ohara of Fukushima, Japan. The first part of our paper presents the epidemiologic, clinical, bacteriologic pathologic and experimental observations made by Dr. Ohara. The second part presents our own observations, which were made at Washington, D. C., on material furnished at our request by Dr. Ohara and which have led us to the conclusion that Ohara's disease and tularemia<sup>2</sup>are identical. <h3>CHARACTERISTICS OF OHARA'S DISEASE</h3><h3>Distribution.</h3> —Dr. Ohara's attention has recently been called to an acute febrile disease transmitted to man by the wild rabbits of the Abukuma Mountains in the eastern part of Fukushima Ken (prefecture), Japan. In January, 1924, a mother and two sons, simultaneously stricken with the same disease, sought
Predictors of Subacute Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Edouard Cheneau, Laurent Leborgne, Gary S. Mintz, Jun-ichi Kotani, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Daniel Canos, Marco Castagna, Neil J. Weissman, Ron Waksman
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Factors leading to subacute stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have not been well established. We assessed the pre- and post-PCI intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) characteristics of subacute stent thrombosis. Methods and Results— We analyzed 7484 consecutive patients without acute myocardial infarction who were treated with PCI and stenting and underwent IVUS imaging during the intervention. Twenty-seven (0.4%) had angiographically documented subacute closure &lt;1 week after PCI (median time to subacute closure, 24 hours). Subacute closure lesions were compared with a control group (selected to be 3 times the abrupt closer group) matched by procedure date (within 6 months), age, gender, stable or unstable angina, lesion location, and additional treatment (balloon angioplasty or atherectomy). Postintervention IVUS did not identify a cause in 22% and did identify at least 1 cause for abrupt closure in 78% of patients (versus 33% in matched lesions, P =0.0002). In 48% of the patients, there were multiple causes in 48% (versus 3% in matched lesions, P &lt;0.0001). Causes included dissection (17%), thrombus (4%), and tissue protrusion within the stent struts leading to lumen compromise lumen (4%). A total of 83% of patients with &gt;1 of these abnormal morphologies also had reduced lumen dimensions post-PCI (final lumen &lt;80% reference lumen). Preprocedural lesion characteristics were not different from matched lesions. Conclusions— Subacute stent thrombosis is infrequently related to the preintervention lesion characteristics. Inadequate postprocedure lumen dimensions, alone or in combination with other procedurally related abnormal lesion morphologies (dissection, thrombus, or tissue prolapse), contribute to this phenomenon.
Comparison of aspiration and scintigraphic techniques for the measurement of gastric emptying rates of liquids in humans.
Authors: E J Beckers, J B Leiper, J Davidson
Journal: Gut (1992)

A comparison was made of two techniques to measure the rate of gastric emptying. A noninvasive scintigraphic technique using a gammacamera and an invasive aspiration technique based on dye dilution were performed simultaneously. Seven healthy male volunteers each consumed two different liquid meals on two separate occasions. Scintigraphic measurements were performed continuously with aspiration every 10 minutes for a total of one hour. Gastric emptying rates were expressed as slope values after semilog linearisation of the emptying curves. Agreement between the two methods was assessed from the individual differences and mean of the two techniques, as well as from the geometric mean, including 95% limits of agreement. The scintigraphic technique gave a 70% slower emptying rate than the dye dilution technique. However, the 95% limits of agreement are large (1.56 to 0.30), reflecting the small sample size and the large coefficient of variation in the techniques used.
Multiple human-to-human transmission from a severe case of psittacosis, Sweden, January–February 2013
Authors: A Wallensten, H Fredlund, A Runehagen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Proven transmission of Chlamydia psittaci between humans has been described on only one occasion previously. We describe an outbreak which occurred in Sweden in early 2013, where the epidemiological and serological investigation suggests that one patient, severely ill with psittacosis after exposure to wild bird droppings, transmitted the disease to ten others: Two family members, one hospital roommate and seven hospital caregivers. Three cases also provided respiratory samples that could be analysed by PCR. All the obtained C. psittaci sequences were indistinguishable and clustered within genotype A. The finding has implications for the management of severely ill patients with atypical pneumonia, because these patients may be more contagious than was previously thought. In order to prevent nosocomial person-to-person transmission of C. psittaci, stricter hygiene measures may need to be applied.
Hepatitis-Associated Antigen (Australia Antigen) in Massachusetts Blood Donors
Authors: Allan Kliman, Nana R. Reid, Constance Lilly, Jean Morrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Blood transfusion is associated with a definite risk of viral-hepatitis transmission. The risk varies widely depending on the source of the blood, the manner of blood processing and the susceptibility of the recipients. Even with the use of volunteer donors and high proficiency in blood processing, one pint of blood in 250 was believed to be carrying the virus of post-transfusion hepatitis in the era before hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA or Australia antigen) testing.1This report concerns the results of large-scale HAA testing of Massachusetts blood donors. Starting in August, 1970, all bloods collected by the Massachusetts Red Cross Blood Program . . .
Parasites and piranhas: a journey round Guyana.
Authors: J Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Sisters lie next to Brothers, and Experience separates Catherine's Lust from Shumaker's Lust.I am not quoting from a racy novel, but from the coastal map of Guyana.The chequered history of this impoverished country is shown in such unlikely place names.Although Jonestown hit the headlines in 1978, the ex-British colony is known chiefly for its sugar and rum from the Demerara district.Guyana lies just __-----_;-above the equator on ArLANTIC the north-east coast of South America.It has many rivers cutting through rain forest and the Rupununi, the southern savannah.The 0 U 2 jPrX z country is sparsely v"G. . 1 f .kel*populated, and the A'> ~A 750 000 people are con- centrated on the coastal v ViiL ~*o; <plains.Africans and Eastr -9.Jỹ RINAM Indians predominate in the racially diverse r t ).Ij 7society, and the main Meeting the Amerinds I was invited to visit the family of a laboratory worker who lived in the interior.Arapiaco was a tiny Amerind community of homes in clearings along the Pomeroon River, which was the only means of transport and communication: children, in Amerind women preparing cassava.
Hemodynamic Changes Around a Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Before and After Embolization Measured with PET
Authors: TATSURO KAMINAGA, KOUHEI HAYASHIDA, TOURU IWAMA, TSUNEHIKO NISHIMURA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Embolization is an important treatment for cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow around an AVM is essential for the evaluation of the embolization effect. A 12-year-old girl with an AVM was examined sequentially with angiography and PET using a O-15–labeled gas inhalation technique before and after embolization. PET depicted the increase in regional cerebral blood flow in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the AVM and the decrease of cerebral blood flow in the AVM region after embolization. PET can depict hemodynamic changes after embolization and possibly estimate the effect of embolization in patients with AVM. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: T1 weighted axial images of a 12-year-old girl with AVM (A) 7 days before the first embolization and (B) 6 months after the last embolization. Embolization was performed three times using a superselective catheterization technique with a 3-French gauge catheter (Tracker 18; Target Therapeutics, San Jose, CA). Ethylene-vinyl-alcohol co-polymer was used as an embolization material. A total of 0.5 to 2.7 ml of this polymer was injected into each feeder and one to three feeders were embolized each time. The nidus of the AVM decreased, and neither bleeding nor edema ensued after embolization on the T1 weighted image.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: Right internal carotid arteriography (A) just before the first embolization and (B) 6 months after the last embolization. The AVM was fed mainly from branches of the right middle cerebral artery before embolization. The nidus of the AVM decreased, and some feeders of the AVM were obstructed after embolization. No fresh feeders developed and no recanalization of embolized feeders were detected after embolization.FIGURE 3Fig. 3: Images of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) derived using a PET scanner (HEADTOME IV; Shimazu Co., Kyoto, Japan) and an O-15–labeled gas inhalation technique (A) 14 days before the first embolization and (B) 4 months after the last embolization. Before embolization, rCBF in the territory of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery was decreased compared with the contralateral territory. The rCBF in the territory of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery increased after embolization (arrowheads) on rCBF images. This increase of rCBF was interpreted as a release of the steal phenomenon caused by the AVM itself (1,2).FIGURE 4Fig. 4: Images of cerebral blood volume (CBV) created using a PET scanner (A) 14 days before the first embolization and (B) 4 months after the last embolization. The CBV of the AVM region decreased after the embolization on CBV images.
Treatment of restenosis of coarctation by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
Authors: J S Kan, R I White, S E Mitchell, E J Farmlett, J S Donahoo, T J Gardner
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was used successfully to treat coarctation restenosis in seven patients. The patients were 10 months to 17 years old at the time of the angioplasty, and the initial coarctation repair had been performed 10 months to 16 1/2 years previously. PTA reduced the systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation from a mean of 58 mm Hg before the procedure to a mean of 13 mm Hg immediately after PTA. Follow-up has been from 1 to 14 months and indicates that the decrease in the systolic pressure gradient is persistent.
832. Suppression of HIV-1 Replication by Delievery of multiple siRNA Genes Against p24, Tat/ Rev and CCR5
Authors: Hsin-Lung Lo, Jerry Wu, Tan Chang, Priscilla Yam, John Zaia, Jiing-Kuan Yee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) have been evaluated for their potential to treat infectious diseases such as HIV infection in humans. Several studies demonstrated that siRNAs targeted to different sites in the HIV-1 genome could lead to significant suppression of HIV-1 replication in cell culture. However, HIV-1 escape variants emerged quickly with the expression of a single siRNA and sequence analysis of these escape variants revealed that the siRNA target sites in the HIV-1 genome had nucleotide substitutions or deletion. The rapid replication kinetics of HIV-1 and the error-prone nature of viral reverse transcriptase most likely lead to the emergence and selection of viral quasispecies that are genotypically distinct in the siRNA target site, thereby eliminating the siRNA antiviral effect. These studies suggest that multiple siRNAs targeted to different regions of the HIV-1 genome needs to be developed to reduce the probability of generating these escape mutants. To down-regulate HIV-1 replication permanently, a generally taken approach is to stably express in the target cell a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) that can be processed into siRNA by endogenous RNAse III like enzyme Dicer. The shRNA gene is introduced into hematopoietic cells via either retroviral or HIV-based vectors. In the current study, we showed that using HIV-based vector for the delivery of a single shRNA gene against HIV-1 encounters the problem of reduced vector titers. This most likely is due to siRNA-mediated down-regulation of packaging plasmid-derived transcripts during the vector production process. Insertion of multiple shRNA genes against HIV-1 in a single vector led to further reduction in vector titers. Introduction of conservative changes that modified the siRNA target sequence without altering the amino acid sequence into the packaging plasmid restored the production of viral proteins from the packaging plasmid and increased the vector titers. Such modifications would be critical for large-scale production of HIV vectors containing multiple shRNA genes for clinical application to treat HIV-1 infection. In this study, we also compared three shRNA genes against the p24 region, a common region shared by both the tat and rev genes and HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 for their ability to suppress HIV-1 replication in culture. Human H9 cells transduced with HIV vectors expressing either two or all three of these shRNAs were established and challenged with HIV-1NL4-3 at different doses. The efficacy of different combinations of these shRNAs compared with single shRNAs against HIV-1 will be discussed.
Fall in admission rate of old people to psychiatric wards
Authors: I. Pullen
Journal: BMJ (1978)

We reviewed our two-year (1967-7) experience of patients who might have had an African-derived haemorrhagic fever: only two out of 46 suspects had such infections, and these were successfully contained. Malaria was the most frequent diagnosis in these patients recently returned from Africa, especially if malarial prophylaxis had been inadequate. Altogether 26% of patients had become ill before travelling to Britain. It is impossible to ensure absolute safety even with draconian measures, but the degree of isolation recommended (based on epidemiological factors that included return from Africa within the previous three weeks, visiting country districts, exposure to possible cases, or infected material and illness despite adequate malarial prophylaxis) has proved effective and acceptable.
Meanings of “function” in neuroscience, cognition, and behaviour analysis
Authors: Julian C. Leslie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Different sciences approach the brain-behaviour system at various levels, but often apparently share terminology. “Function” is used both ontogenetically and phylogenetically. Within the ontogeny it has various meanings; the one adopted by Arbib et al. is that of mainstream cognitive psychology. This usage is relatively imprecise, and the psychologists who are sceptical about the ability of cognitive psychology to predict behavioural outcomes may have the same reservations about Arbib et al.'s cognitive neuroscience.
Resting the brain
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

I spent last week painting my boat, with the bonus of good weather the whole time. The exertion required is just about ideal; the old paint had to be burnt off with blow lamp and scraper, the surface sanded, new paint applied—and my legs were kept occupied going up and down ladders and negotiating the ironwork of the slipway.

By ideal exertion I am referring not so much to the preventive effects of physical activity on the risk of heart disease as to the soothing effect of labour on the mind. Painting requires some concentration on the job in hand, but once a rhythm has been established the mind can then drift off to other concerns. …
Effect of L-dopa on the seborrhoea of Parkinsonism
Authors: J.L. BURTON, MARGARET CARTLIDGE, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

By studying the sebum excretion rate in patients with Parkinsonism before and during treatment with L-dopa we have shown that L-dopa reduces sebum excretion if seborrhoea is initially present, but has no effect on normal sebum excretion rates. The seborrhoea of Parkinsonism may be due to increased production of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and our finding may have therapeutic implications in Parkinsonism and breast cancer.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF HUMAN NEUROGLIA
Authors: Edward Wyllys Taylor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1897)

THE RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE ABOVE INVESTIGATION ARE: 1. The term glio-sarcoma should be dropped, as unscientific and misleading in its significance. 2. The problems regarding neuroglia demand varied methods for their adequate study. 3. With all the means at our command, the absolute determination of the relation of cells and fibres in individual cases remains difficult and at times impossible. 4. No criterion has yet been offered to determine a fundamental distinction between glioma and sarcoma (Stroebe); and secondly, between glioma and so-called gliosis (Weigert). 5. The development of neuroglia in all probability is from cells with protoplasmic processes to cells with differentiated and independent fibres. 6. Herein lies a possible reconciliation of the conflicting views concerning the ultimate structure of human neuroglia.
Respiratory Failure Precipitated by High Carbohydrate Loads
Authors: HENRY D. COVELLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Acute respiratory failure developed in three patients needing ventilatory support within hours after total parenteral nutrition was started. We postulate that the high carbohydrate load provided in the parenteral solution resulted in the use of glucose as the primary energy source, with the development of substantial increases in the carbon dioxide production and the respiratory quotient. Because these patients had a relatively fixed ventilatory response, hypercapnia ensued. Excessive carbohydrate loading may precipitate respiratory acidosis in patients unable to adequately improve their alveolar ventilation when compensating for increased carbon dioxide production.