tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caloric Imbalance and Public Health Policy
Authors: Jeffrey P. Koplan
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IS PSORIASES A BACTERIAL ALLERGY?
Authors: K.A. BAIRD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1950)

Journal Article IS PSORIASES A BACTERIAL ALLERGY? Get access K.A. BAIRD, M.D., F.A.C.A. K.A. BAIRD, M.D., F.A.C.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 62, Issue 3, 1 March 1950, Pages 129–131, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1950.tb10966.x Published: 01 March 1950
The transcription factors Ik-1 and MZF1 downregulate IGF-IR expression in NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Deeksha Vishwamitra, Choladda V Curry, Serhan Alkan, Yao-Hua Song, Gary E Gallick, Ahmed O Kaseb, Ping Shi, Hesham M Amin
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) tyrosine kinase promotes the survival of an aggressive subtype of T-cell lymphoma by interacting with nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) oncogenic protein. NPM-ALK(+) T-cell lymphoma exhibits much higher levels of IGF-IR than normal human T lymphocytes. The mechanisms underlying increased expression of IGF-IR in this lymphoma are not known. We hypothesized that upregulation of IGF-IR could be attributed to previously unrecognized defects that inherently exist in the transcriptional machinery in NPM-ALK(+) T-cell lymphoma.Screening studies showed substantially lower levels of the transcription factors Ikaros isoform 1 (Ik-1) and myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) in NPM-ALK(+) T-cell lymphoma cell lines and primary tumor tissues from patients than in human T lymphocytes. A luciferase assay supported that Ik-1 and MZF1 suppress IGF-IR gene promoter. Furthermore, ChIP assay showed that these transcription factors bind specific sites located within the IGF-IR gene promoter. Forced expression of Ik-1 or MZF1 in the lymphoma cells decreased IGF-IR mRNA and protein. This decrease was associated with downregulation of pIGF-IR, and the phosphorylation of its interacting proteins IRS-1, AKT, and NPM-ALK. In addition, overexpression of Ik-1 and MZF1 decreased the viability, proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent colony formation of the lymphoma cells.Our results provide novel evidence that the aberrant decreases in Ik-1 and MZF1 contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of NPM-ALK(+) T-cell lymphoma through the upregulation of IGF-IR expression. These findings could be exploited to devise new strategies to eradicate this lymphoma.
Total homocyctein levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Z. Yesilova, S. Bagci, A. Uygun, Y. Ates, A. Erdil, N. Ercin, O. Akgul, A. Tuzun, M. Gulsen, N. Karaeren, K. Dagalp
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Diagnostic value of direct examination of the protected specimen brush in ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: CH Marquette, F Wallet, R Neviere, MC Copin, F Saulnier, JN Drault, H Mehdaoui, D Mathieu, P Ramon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Interpretation of the protected specimen brush (PSB) technique is based on quantitative bacterial cultures (QC), which unfortunately requires at least 24 h. We prospectively compared the diagnostic value of direct examination (DE) and QC of PSB specimens in 75 patients with suspected pneumonia. We also determined the optimal technique for DE. QC was performed using the serial dilution technique. From the original suspension, two cytospin slides were obtained and stained by the May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) and the Gram method for DE. If the prescreening on the MGG-stained slide was positive, the morphology and the Gram staining of the organisms were assessed on the Gram-stained slide. Using the 10(3) colony forming units (cfu.ml-1) threshold for defining PSB as positive or negative, DE had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 94%. In a parallel in vitro study, 18 pairs of PSB specimens were collected from respiratory secretions inoculated with S. aureus. From each pair, one brush was processed as described above and the other was smeared on a glass slide prior to performance of QC. Using direct smear instead of cytocentrifuged preparation, slightly but significantly affected QC. Direct examination of cytospin slides is highly predictive of quantitative bacterial culture results, and provides rapid information regarding the Gram-stain morphology of the causative organisms. It may therefore guide initial therapy.
Altruism, Self-interest, and Medical Ethics-Reply
Authors: Edmund D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I am pleased that Dr Tiemstra found some points of agreement with my editorial. I am sorry he missed the major thrust of my argument. Dr Tiemstra draws the erroneous inference that I favor paternalism because I emphasize the dependence, vulnerability, and exploitability of the sick person. Rather, I hold that those features of illness impose the obligation to enhance the autonomy of the patient.<sup>1</sup> Dr Tiemstra denies that there is something special about being ill and being healed. He ignores the special nature of the invasion of personal privacy that a medical education entails. He equates access to a knowledge of pipes and drains, or to various business procedures, with access to knowledge of a person's body, emotional history, or state of suffering. The comment about student selection is gratuitous. However students are selected, once admitted they are morally bound to observe the obligations of being
Acute changes of lung volumes and lung mechanics in asthma and in normal subjects.
Authors: P W Holmes, A H Campbell, C E Barter
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Lung volumes, pulmonary mechanics, and specific airway conductance (sGaw) were studied before and 15 minutes after 200 microgram of aerosol salbutamol in nine asthmatics undergoing mild spontaneous exacerbations of their disease and in five normal subjects. In addition, three of the normal subjects were studied after voluntarily breathing at high lung volumes for one minute. The normal subjects and four of the asthmatics showed no overall changes in lung volumes or pressure-volume (PV) curves after salbutamol, even though airway dilatation was produced in the asthmatic subjects. In another five asthmatics, salbutamol induced a significant fall in the total lung capacity (TLC) in three, and in the residual volume and functional residual capacity in all five. There was a significant displacement of the PV curve downwards and to the right in all five, with increased lung compliance (Cl stat) in two. The fall in TLC could be accounted for by the increase in lung elasticity. There is reason to believe that this change in lung mechanics could be due to the reversal of asthma-induced stress relaxation. Sustained breathing at high lung volume is known to cause stress relaxation of the lung. However, this breathing pattern did not alter the PV curve or TLC in two of three normal subjects, which is consistent with stress relaxation being rapidly reversible. The other normal subject had an acute shift of the PV curve upwards and to the left after breathing at high lung volume. It has been concluded that stress relaxation is usually rapidly reversed but that in some individuals it may only be slowly reversed. This more persistent form of stress relaxation may contribute to the acute changes of TLC found in some asthmatics.
Nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel promotes three-dimensional liver cell culture
Authors: Madhushree Bhattacharya, Melina M. Malinen, Patrick Lauren, Yan-Ru Lou, Saara W. Kuisma, Liisa Kanninen, Martina Lille, Anne Corlu, Christiane GuGuen-Guillouzo, Olli Ikkala, Antti Laukkanen, Arto Urtti, Marjo Yliperttula
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)

Over the recent years, various materials have been introduced as potential 3D cell culture scaffolds. These include protein extracts, peptide amphiphiles, and synthetic polymers. Hydrogel scaffolds without human or animal borne components or added bioactive components are preferred from the immunological point of view. Here we demonstrate that native nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) hydrogels derived from the abundant plant sources provide the desired functionalities. We show 1) rheological properties that allow formation of a 3D scaffold in-situ after facile injection, 2) cellular biocompatibility without added growth factors, 3) cellular polarization, and 4) differentiation of human hepatic cell lines HepaRG and HepG2. At high shear stress, the aqueous NFC has small viscosity that supports injectability, whereas at low shear stress conditions the material is converted to an elastic gel. Due to the inherent biocompatibility without any additives, we conclude that NFC generates a feasible and sustained microenvironment for 3D cell culture for potential applications, such as drug and chemical testing, tissue engineering, and cell therapy.
Telemedicine: Practice in the Information Age
Authors: Rashid L. Bashshur
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 April 1999Telemedicine: Practice in the Information AgeRashid L. Bashshur, PhDRashid L. Bashshur, PhDThe University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-7-199904060-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Viegas SF, Dunn K; eds. 383 pages. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1998. $49.95. ISBN 0397518439. Order phone 800-777-2295.Field of medicine: Telemedicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians in all medical specialties, other health care professionals, and health systems developers and planners interested in using information technology in patient care and professional education.Purpose: To provide a practical guide to the design, implementation, and use of telemedicine in various clinical specialties and education.Content: This book is organized into three sections. The first section, which deals with historical and environmental perspectives, contains a mixture of historical accounts of the field as well as ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 April 1999Volume 130, Issue 7Page: 624KeywordsComputer softwareHealth careHealth information technologyInformation technologyMedical educationPatientsSurgeryTelemedicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 April 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A graphical analysis of the interrelationships among waterborne asbestos, digestive system cancer and population density.
Authors: M E Tarter, R C Cooper, W R Freeman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Five statistical procedures were used to partial the correlation between waterborne asbestos and digestive site cancer for the putative effects of population density. These include: analysis based on a data subset with roughly homogeneous population density; standard residual analysis (partial correlation); conditional probability integral transformation; analysis based upon ranked data, and use of logarithmic transformation. Nonparametric regression graphical techniques are applied to examine the nature or shape of the asbestos-cancer dose-response curve. Evidence is presented that suggests that there is considerable difference between analyses involving nonhigh-density tracts and non-San Francisco tracts. Evidence is also presented that the modal-type nonparametric regression curve forks or bifurcates when adjustment is made for population density.
Blood Cultures Drawn Through Catheters
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The stated purpose of the study "Cultures of Blood Drawn by Catheters vs Venipuncture" (235:1877, 1976) was to determine the reliability of blood cultures drawn through venous and arterial cannulas relative to the standard percutaneous technique. The data provided, however, were not adequate to allow meaningful conclusions. Specifically, among the 161 comparisons in which percutaneous and catheter-drawn blood culture results agreed, in how many instances were both specimens positive and in how many were both negative? If only a small number of the 161 comparisons that agreed were both positive, then the false-positive rate of the cultures drawn from catheters would be unacceptably high. For example, if 15 were positive by both techniques, then 9 of 24 catheter specimens (37%) would be considered false-positive. This would be clearly unacceptable, even when dealing with organisms which are frequently contaminants, such as<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. If, however, among the
Treatment of post-transplant premalignant skin disease: a randomized intrapatient comparative study of 5-fluorouracil cream and topical photodynamic therapy
Authors: C. M. Perrett, J. M. McGregor, Jane Warwick, P. Karran, I. M. Leigh, C. M. Proby, C. A. Harwood
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Organ transplant recipients (OTR) are at high risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer and premalignant epidermal dysplasia (carcinoma in situ/ Bowen's disease and actinic keratoses). Epidermal dysplasia is often widespread and there are few comparative studies of available treatments.To compare topical methylaminolaevulinate (MAL) photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical 5% fluorouracil (5-FU) cream in the treatment of post-transplant epidermal dysplasia.Eight OTRs with epidermal dysplasia were recruited to an open-label, single-centre, randomized, intrapatient comparative study. Treatment with two cycles of topical MAL PDT 1 week apart was randomly assigned to one area of epidermal dysplasia, and 5-FU cream was applied twice daily for 3 weeks to a clinically and histologically comparable area. Patients were reviewed at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. The main outcome measures were complete resolution rate (CRR), overall reduction in lesional area, treatment-associated pain and erythema, cosmetic outcome and global patient preference.At all time points evaluated after completion of treatment, PDT was more effective than 5-FU in achieving complete resolution: eight of nine lesional areas cleared with PDT (CRR 89%, 95% CI: 0.52-0.99), compared with one of nine lesional areas treated with 5-FU (CRR 11%, 95% CI: 0.003-0.48) (P = 0.02). The mean lesional area reduction was also proportionately greater with PDT than with 5-FU (100% vs. 79% respectively). Cosmetic outcome and patient preference were also superior in the PDT-treated group.Compared with topical 5-FU, MAL PDT was a more effective and cosmetically acceptable treatment for epidermal dysplasia in OTRs and was preferred by patients. Further studies are now required to confirm these results and to examine the effect of treating epidermal dysplasia with PDT on subsequent development of squamous cell carcinoma in this high risk population.
Dissatisfaction in the Services
Authors: A. G. D. Whyte
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MBJOURNAprohibited from having any political affilia- tions, and no decisions are taken on purely political questions, so the views of members of Council in such issues never arise.On the question of our affiliation to the Trades Union Congress, we regard this as of great value to the profession as a whole.It provides an important platform on which the interests of the profession can be pre- sented to an influential section of public opinion.The M.P.U., in common with other non-political unions, is in no way committed by its affiliation to identification with a particular political point of view, and as member- ship of a trade union becomes increasingly common in the professions this issue will rapidly lose its emotive appeal.We in the M.P.U. are convinced that there is need of a rational approach to this question, and we have repeatedly answered this charge of political bias, which arises when the barrel of reasoned argument has been scraped to the bottom.-Iam, etc.,
Bloodstream Infections Associated With a Needleless Intravenous Infusion System in Patients Receiving Home Infusion Therapy
Authors: Lisa E. Danzig
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To determine risk factors for bloodstream infections (BSIs) in an outbreak among patients receiving home intravenous infusion therapy.Case-control and retrospective cohort studies.Home health agency.Patients receiving home intravenous infusion therapy from Rhode Island Home Therapeutics (RIHT) from January through December 1993.Development of primary BSI.We compared patients with BSI (ie, case patients) with randomly selected noninfected RIHT patients receiving intravenous therapy, conducted a cohort study of all RIHT patients receiving intravenous therapy via a central venous catheter (CVC), and conducted a culture survey of injection cap luminal fluid.Case patients were more likely than controls to have had therapy via a CVC (11/11 vs 14/32; odds ratio [OR] undefined; P < .001) or total parenteral nutrition and intralipid therapy (TPN/IL) (9/11 vs 3/32; OR, 43.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9 to 510.0). Among RIHT patients with CVCs, risk factors for BSI were receipt of TPN/IL (9/35 vs 2/67; rate ratio [RR], 8.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 37.7) or use of a needleless infusion system (10/41 vs 1/61; RR, 14.9; 95% CI, 2.0 to 111.8). Only the combination of both exposures was significantly associated with development of a BSI (P < .001). Luminal fluid from injection caps of needleless devices was significantly more likely to be culture positive than fluid from protected-needle devices (5/23 vs 0/18; RR undefined; P = .04).Our data suggest that a needleless device used for TPN/IL was associated with increased risk of BSI when injection caps were changed every 7 days.
Determinants and control of breathing during muscular exercise.
Authors: B J Whipp, S A Ward
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

O2 (STPD) V~A (BTPS) (2) As is evident from equations 1 and 2,alveolar PCO2 and PO2 can only be maintained at constant levels during exercise if V~A changes in precise proportion to V~CO2 and V~O2 .A s V~ Ais common to both equations: 863 × V~CO2 PACO2 ← V~ A → 863 × V O2 PIO2 - PAO2 (3)
Smokers of Low-Yield Cigarettes Do Not Consume Less Nicotine
Authors: Neal L. Benowttz, Sharon M. Hall, Ronald I. Herning, Peyton Jacob, Reese T. Jones, Abdel-Latif Osman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Advertisements suggest that smokers of cigarettes low in nicotine are exposed to less nicotine and tar. Nicotine yields are measured with smoking machines, but machines do not smoke cigarettes as people do. We therefore measured the actual nicotine content of commercial cigarettes with different nicotine and tar yields as determined with smoking machines, and also measured actual nicotine intake as indicated by blood concentrations of its metabolite, cotinine, in 272 subjects smoking various brands of cigarettes. We found that low-yield cigarette tobacco did not contain less nicotine; in fact, the nicotine concentration in tobacco inversely correlated (r = -0.53, P less than 0.05) with the concentration measured by smoking machines. Blood cotinine concentrations correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day but not with the nicotine yield measured by smoking machines. Only 3.8 to 5.0 per cent of total variance in blood cotinine was contributed by nicotine yield. We conclude that smokers of low-nicotine cigarettes do not consume less nicotine.
An Extraordinary Foreign Body in the Esophagus
Authors: Edward B. Benedict
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

FOREIGN bodies in the esophagus are a fairly common occurrence, but to swallow half a clamshell is indeed a rarity! In the series of 3266 foreign bodies reported by Jackson and Jackson‡ there was not 1 clamshell or even a fragment thereof. The following case is therefore of unusual interest:Case ReportJ.G.V., a 61-year-old Mexican, entered the Massachusetts General Hospital for the 1st time with the chief complaint of difficulty in swallowing of 17 days' duration. Since that time he had been unable to swallow anything but liquids or very soft solids. He vomited other foods, which he felt . . .
Christopher Richard Sheard
Authors: Peter Sheard
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Ilkley, Yorkshire (b Airedale, Yorkshire, 1940; q Cambridge/London 1965; MA, DRCOG), died from a heart attack on 24 January 2004 while on holiday in Hawaii.

Christopher Richard Sheard did GP locums all over the United Kingdom before settling in Wharfedale, Yorkshire, in 1969 and practising in Ilkley, where he was principal at Ilkley Health Centre for 32 years. He was also a clinical assistant in ophthalmology. In his retirement Chris and his wife, Sue, travelled to Antarctica, Alaska, Canada, and lastly to Hawaii. He leaves Sue and two children.
Government Versus Health: 1974
Authors: JESSE L. STEINFELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The U.S. government, through financing, regulations, and laws, is reshaping the organizational structures underlying medical practice, medical research, and medical education. To formulate laws, regulations, and financing mechanisms in a way that will improve the overall health of the American people, administrative and management changes are needed in both the nonfederal and federal health sectors. The nation needs to fix responsibility for health education, for determining the numbers and distribution of health professionals, and for long-range policies regarding support of medical research and education. The country may need a new type of health professional, trained in universities for public service. The federal health apparatus should be restructured, creating a Department of Health that is staffed by career health professionals who are insulated from politics. This new career system should encourage movement from the private and academic sectors into and out of governmental positions.