tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book Review Myelin Biology and Disorders Edited by Robert A. Lazzarini, with John W. Griffin, Hans Lassman, Klaus-Armin Nave, Robert H. Miller, and Bruce D. Trapp. 1182 pp. in two volumes, illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Elsevier Academic Press, 2004. $400. 0-12-439510-4
Authors: Richard M. Ransohoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Current Therapy of Acute and Chronic Leukemia in Adults
Authors: E. S. Henderson, T. Han
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1986)

Leukemia is a major cause of death from cancer in adults as well as children.In young adults (usually defined as 15 to 35 years of age), leukemia is the leading cause of cancer mortality in males and the second leading cause, behind breast cancer, in females.The absolute rates of leukemia incidence and mortality increase through middle and old age, but do not keep pace with the rapid increase in carcinomas with age.Nevertheless, the leukemias repre sent the ninth most prevalent fatal cancer overall.The major advances in the treatment of leukemia have occurred in childrenâ€"i.e., in individuals less than 15 years of age.These clinical cures have been achieved in a single form of the disease, the so-called common acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood.This form is rare in adults, usu ally occurring in persons less than 35 years of age, and most of the established cures of adult leukemia have been achieved in this group.Occasional cures have also been seen in the more heterogeneous group of acute myeloblastic leukemias (AML).In the vast majority of adult leukemia pa tients, however, cure is not possible.Symptomatic relief and temporary (al though often substantial prolongation of
Risk of ulcer bleeding in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: C J HAWKEY
Journal: Gut (2000)

To determine whether Helicobacter pylori is an independent risk factor for bleeding peptic ulcer in users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin.A prospective matched case-control study.Odense University Hospital, Denmark.132 patients with a bleeding peptic ulcer (n=124) or haemorrhagic gastritis (n=8) at endoscopy who had taken an NSAID in the previous week and 136 controls who had taken NSAIDs without gastrointestinal complications. The controls were recruited from rheumatology and geriatric outpatient clinics.H pylori status assessed by serology and 13C-urea breath test and regarded as positive if either test was positive. Data on potential confounding factors including smoking and alcohol were collected by interview.H pylori was present in 57% of cases and 43% of controls. The adjusted odds ratio of bleeding from a peptic ulcer owing to H pylori infection in NSAID users was 1.81 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.21) and was similar in aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID users. Peptic ulcer bleeding was also statistically significantly associated with a history of previous ulcer bleeding, dyspepsia within the previous 3 months, drinking alcohol but not with smoking. About 16% of bleeding peptic ulcers in NSAID users could be attributed to H pylori infection.NSAID users infected with H pylori have an almost doubled risk of bleeding peptic ulcer compared with uninfected NSAID users.
Abstract P6-12-16: Treatment with indol-3-carbinol (I3C) in a mice xenograft model of canine breast carcinoma alter hormone metabolism and produce liver metastases
Authors: JC Illera, AL Martin-Ruz, S Caceres, L Diez, A Gonzalez-Gil, L Peña
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Indol-3-carbinol (I3C) is a chemical component found mainly in the cruciferous family lants (i.e. broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, etc.). I3C is considered a potential anticancer agent that is naturally present in the diet and could prevents the development of certain tumors, activating tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in apoptosis and detoxifying genes. It has been observed in vitro that suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in some breast cancers. I3C is also estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR)Antagonist. Therefore, studies using I3C in breast cancer animal models for its action as a preventive or therapeutic substance have started. There are no data on the influence of I3C in human and/or spontaneous or experimental canine inflammatory breast cancers, that has shown to have distinct pathogenic mechanisms. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of I3C administration at a comparable dose used as preventive in humans in a xenograft model of canine inflammatory carcinoma established in SCID mice. Eighteen mice were used as controls and 13 mice were treated with I3C dose 150 mg/kg/day. Tumor cell proliferation was decreased in the I3C-treated xenografts (lower Ki-67 index, p &amp;lt;0.001), but neoplasms were more frequently ulcerated (p = 0.028), and mice had a higher number of emboli in dermis (p = 0.012) (characteristic of inflammatory breast carcinoma) and liver metastases (p = 0.05). In the treated group the presence of a subpopulation of neoplastic lipid-rich cells was characteristic (p = 0.001) togetehr with a higher content of intratumor androgens (p = 0.02) and serum steroid hormone (p &amp;lt;0 05). These results indicate that treatment with I3C, as administered, is not suitable for inflammatory breast carcinoma. This study was funded by the research project of the Ministry of Science and Innovation SAF2009-10572. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-12-16.
Ets-1 Stimulates Platelet-Derived Growth Factor A-Chain Gene Transcription and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth via Cooperative Interactions With Sp1
Authors: Fernando S. Santiago, Levon M. Khachigian
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family of ligands (composed of A-, B-, C-, and D-chains), potent mitogens, and chemoattractants for cells of mesenchymal origin has been implicated in numerous vascular pathologies involving smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperplasia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms mediating PDGF transcription would provide new insights into strategies to control PDGF-dependent pathophysiologic processes. We demonstrated previously that PDGF-A expression is under the positive regulatory influence of Sp1, Sp3, and Egr-1 and is negatively controlled by GCF2, NF-1(X), and WT-1. In this article, we demonstrate that Ets-1 induces PDGF-A expression in primary rat aortic SMCs at the level of transcription and mRNA expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift, supershift, and mutational analyses revealed a functional role for the −555 TTCC −552 motif in the PDGF-A promoter that binds endogenous Ets-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed the interaction of endogenous and exogenous Ets-1 or glutathione S -transferase-tagged Ets-1, bearing only the DNA-binding domain with the authentic PDGF-A promoter. Conversely, dominant-negative mutant of Ets-1 blocked the promoter interaction of endogenous Ets-1. Overexpression of Ets-1 but not the mutant form of Ets-1 activates the PDGF-A promoter cooperatively with Sp1. Sp1, which interacts with Ets-1, failed to induce PDGF-A promoter-dependent expression if the promoter contained a site-specific mutation in this novel Ets-binding site. Small interfering RNA to Ets-1 and Sp1 blocked PDGF-BB- and serum-inducible PDGF-A expression. SMC growth was stimulated by Ets-1 and Sp1 separately and further increased by both factors together. Ets-1-inducible mitogenesis is blocked by antibodies neutralizing PDGF-A and involves activation of the PDGF α-receptor, which binds PDGF-A. These findings identify a functional cis -acting element for Ets-1 in the PDGF-A promoter and demonstrate that Sp1 and Ets-1 cooperatively activate PDGF-A transcription in vascular SMCs.
Failure of Demand Pacemaker From Low-Voltage Bipolar Ventricular Electrograms
Authors: S. Serge Barold
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The recording of high voltage unipolar electrograms during bipolar demand ventricular pacing does not always guarantee delivery of an adequate QRS signal to the pacemaker as illustrated in two cases described in this report. In a bipolar system the actual QRS signal delivered to the pacemaker is the potential difference between the two intracardiac electrodes and may be measured by recording bipolar electrograms on a standard electrocardiograph.
The Clinical Value of Electron Microscopy in the Study of Renal Biopsy.
Authors: Robert C. Muehrcke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968The Clinical Value of Electron Microscopy in the Study of Renal Biopsy.Robert C. Muehrcke, M.D., F.A.C.P., A. K. Mandal, M.B., Samuel Gotoff, M.D., Eugene W. Isaacs, M.D.Robert C. Muehrcke, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, A. K. Mandal, M.B.Search for more papers by this author, Samuel Gotoff, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Eugene W. Isaacs, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1182_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptElectron microscopic studies were made on renal tissue obtained by percutaneous biopsy from 181 patients with renal disease. The clinical renal categories included the nephrotic syndrome, acute hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis (GN), acute renal failure, lupus GN, diabetic nephropathy, acute and chronic interstitial nephritis, hypertension, hypokalemic nephropathy, recurrent hematuria, and persistent asymptomatic proteinuria. Renal tissue was studied by light and electron microscopy and in some patients by immunopathology.Electron microscopy was of additional clinical value above that of light microscopy in approximately 12% of the patients. Ultrastructural study had its greatest value to patients with the nephrotic syndrome, poststreptococcal GN, lupus GN,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert C. Muehrcke, M.D., F.A.C.P.; A. K. Mandal, M.B.; Samuel Gotoff, M.D.; Eugene W. Isaacs, M.D.Affiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1182-1183KeywordsAcute renal failureBiopsyElectron microscopyGlomerulonephritisHypertensionImmunopathologyLight microscopyNephritisProteinuriaRenal diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Use of the automatic external defibrillator-pacemaker by ambulance personnel: the Stockport experience.
Authors: A J Gray, A D Redmond, M A Martin
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Maps of auditory space in the midbrain of the barn owl (<i>Tyto alba</i>) are calibrated by visual experience. When owls are raised wearing prismatic spectacles that displace the visual field in azimuth, the auditory receptive fields of neurons in the optic tectum shift to compensate for the optical displacement of the visual field. This shift results primarily from a shift in the tuning of tectal neurons for interaural time difference. The visually based instructive signal that guides this plasticity could be based on a topographic, point-by-point comparison between auditory and visual space maps or on a foveation-dependent visual assessment of the accuracy of auditory orienting responses. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we subjected owls to optical conditions that differed in the center of gaze and the visual periphery. A topographic signal would cause the portions of the space map representing the central and peripheral regions of visual space to adjust differently, according to the optical conditions that exist in each region. In contrast, a foveation-based signal would cause both portions of the map to adjust similarly, according to the optical conditions that exist at the center of gaze. In six of seven experiments, adaptive changes were as predicted by a topographic instructive signal. Although the results do not rule out the possible contribution of a foveation-based signal, they demonstrate that a topographic instructive signal is, indeed, involved in the calibration of the auditory space map in the barn owl optic tectum.
Eosinophil peroxidase stimulates the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor from bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Shinji Motojima, Tetsuya Adachi, Ken-ichi Manaka, Masafumi Arima, Takeshi Fukuda, Sohei Makino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Psychosocial Interventions for Perinatal Common Mental Disorders Delivered by Providers Who Are Not Mental Health Specialists in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kelly Clarke, Michael King, Audrey Prost
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

In a systematic review and meta-analysis, Kelly Clarke and colleagues examine the effect of psychosocial interventions delivered by non–mental health specialists for perinatal common mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Double light-chain production by leukemic cells of common clonal origin: A case report with review of pertinent literature
Authors: Young Ja Choi, Martha S. Wong
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract We are reporting the first case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia whose individual leukemic cells produced both K and λ light chains, without any heavy chains, as demonstrated by double immunofluorescent staining. This case together with cases of lympho‐plasmacytic neoplasia reported in the literature indicates that cells of a single clone are capable of producing more than a single class of light and/or heavy chains.
Intravascular Ultrasound Assessment of the Mechanisms and Results of Brachytherapy
Authors: Gary S. Mintz, Neil J. Weissman, Peter J. Fitzgerald
Journal: Circulation (2001)

S erial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies have shown that restenosis in nonstented lesions and late lumen loss in reference segments contiguous with both stented and nonstented lesions is a balance between arterial remodeling and neointimal hyperplasia.Conversely, in-stent restenosis (ISR) is neointimal hyperplasia. 1,2The present review focuses on lessons learned from IVUS about mechanisms of brachytherapy in preventing or treating restenosis.Most brachytherapy studies have included IVUS analyses, but to various degrees and with various methodologies.In some studies-eg, the Washington Radiation for In-stent Restenosis (WRIST) trials-serial (postirradiation and follow-up) IVUS was performed in the majority of patients.In other trials, IVUS was usually a site-specific substudy in small numbers of patients (Table 1).These studies assessed only the short-term (typically 6 to 9 months) effects of brachytherapy.
Diuretics and β-Blockers for Hypertension: Seeking Respect-Reply
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the thoughtful letter by Dr Hume and we agree with her comments and concerns. Stason<sup>1</sup>recently estimated that the annual direct costs for hypertension, including the costs of medications, office visits, and laboratory tests, were more than $10 billion. The costs of medications represent about 70% to 80% of these costs.<sup>2</sup> The degree to which physicians are responding to the evidence from recent clinical trials is an empiric question. A center for the assessment of pharmaceutical effectiveness, recently proposed by Ray and colleagues,<sup>3</sup>would help to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of alternative therapies for a number of diseases and conditions, including hypertension.
989 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ALT LEVELS IN A LARGE REAL-LIFE POPULATION: FOCUS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALT AND AGE
Authors: U. Vespasiani Gentilucci, P. Gallo, G. Piccinocchi, R. Piccinocchi, G. Galati, C. Mazzarelli, A. De Vincentis, C. Dell'Unto, A. Picardi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Possible Health Care Professional—to-Patient HIV Transmission
Authors: Barbara Gerbert
Journal: JAMA (1991)

On July 27, 1990, the Centers for Disease Control reported possible transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a dentist to a patient as a result of patient care. We surveyed a random national probability sample of 300 dentists with a 26-item survey in August and September 1990 to assess reactions to the report (response rate, 59%). Respondents tended not to believe the report (mean was 3.2, median 3.0, where 1 indicated "do not believe" and 7 indicated "believe"). Our sample also tended to believe that transmission of HIV from dentists to patients was unlikely in the future (mean was 2.0, median 2.0, where 1 indicated "not at all likely" and 7 indicated "very likely"). Fifty-one percent of our sample recommended that dentists infected with HIV should discontinue practice, while 38% recommended continuing practice with changes in procedures. Seventy-four percent believed patients should be told if their dentist was infected with HIV. In summary, dentists doubted the possibility of dentist-to-patient transmission of HIV and did not believe the Centers for Disease Control case report, but they did believe infected dentists should refrain from clinical work or modify their practice.
Mutations in FRMD7, a newly identified member of the FERM family, cause X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus
Authors: Patrick Tarpey, Shery Thomas, Nagini Sarvananthan, Uma Mallya, Steven Lisgo, Chris J Talbot, Eryl O Roberts, Musarat Awan, Mylvaganam Surendran, Rebecca J McLean, Robert D Reinecke, Andrea Langmann, Susanne Lindner, Martina Koch, Sunila Jain, Geoffrey Woodruff, Richard P Gale, Andrew Bastawrous, Chris Degg, Konstantinos Droutsas, Ioannis Asproudis, Alina A Zubcov, Christina Pieh, Colin D Veal, Rajiv D Machado, Oliver C Backhouse, Laura Baumber, Cris S Constantinescu, Michael C Brodsky, David G Hunter, Richard W Hertle, Randy J Read, Sarah Edkins, Sarah O'Meara, Adrian Parker, Claire Stevens, Jon Teague, Richard Wooster, P Andrew Futreal, Richard C Trembath, Michael R Stratton, F Lucy Raymond, Irene Gottlob
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Interferon- release assay tests to rule out active tuberculosis
Authors: J-P. Janssens
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

recovery indices in athletic populations, there has been little systematic analysis of the recovery phase in a clinical context, with the few existing studies being mostly in patients with chronic heart failure [2][3][4].This apart, it is not clear what advantage the inclusion of such indices might provide, particularly in prognostic evaluation and in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions.This lack of a critical mass of experimental data is the main reason why the recovery issue was not addressed in the 2007 Task Force document, which was intended to provide ''the evidence-based indications to the use of exercise testing in clinical practice''.As S. Kostianev and co-workers state, analysis of the recovery phase could well provide additional information related to the metabolic (and also ventilatory and cardiovascular) demands imposed by exercise [5].While some ''new'' physiological concepts relating to issues such as pulmonary gas exchange kinetics and the power-duration relationship were included in the online supplement, we nonetheless recognise that the recovery phase in patients with ventilatory and cardiac diseases would benefit from further investigation.
Frequency-dependent effects of amitriptyline on ventricular conduction and cardiac rhythm in dogs.
Authors: S Nattel
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Although overdoses of tricyclic antidepressant are known to produce both sinus tachycardia and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in man, these have been assumed to occur by independent mechanisms. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship of ventricular activation frequency to the cardiotoxic effects of amitriptyline. When amitriptyline was infused into dogs with formalin-induced atrioventricular (AV) block to evaluate a broad range of pacing frequencies, the drug produced dose-related QRS prolongation that was markedly frequency dependent. Similar frequency-dependent depression of the maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax) was noted for canine Purkinje fibers superfused with amitriptyline in vitro. The time constant of recovery from amitriptyline-induced block was dose independent and averaged 228 msec in vivo and 216 msec in vitro. When amitriptyline was infused into dogs with intact AV conduction, sinus tachycardia occurred within 15 min, followed by progressive QRS prolongation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias after an average 29 min. Slowing of sinus rate by vagal stimulation (seven dogs) or intravenous metoprolol (five dogs) reproducibly reversed the QRS prolongation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias caused by amitriptyline. These studies show that amitriptyline produces frequency-related depression of ventricular conduction in vivo, with a time dependence similar to effects on the maximum rate of depolarization in vitro. Interventions that slow heart rate reverse the adverse effects of amitriptyline on ventricular conduction and cardiac rhythm.
The Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Database
Authors: Javier Zarranz-Ventura, Gerald Liew, Robert L. Johnston, Wen Xing, Toks Akerele, Martin McKibbin, Louise Downey, Salim Natha, Usha Chakravarthy, Clare Bailey, Rehna Khan, Richard Antcliff, Stewart Armstrong, Atul Varma, Vineeth Kumar, Marie Tsaloumas, Kaveri Mandal, Catey Bunce, Adnan Tufail
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Vidéo-capsule endoscopique oesophagienne (VCO): caractéristiques diagnostiques dans le reflux gastro-oesophagien et la dyspepsie
Authors: S Sacher-Huvelin, E Coron, E Ben Soussan, F Cholet, M Antonietti, M Robaszkiewicz, B Filoche, G d'Abrigeon, M Le Rhun, JP Galmiche
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Une vidéo-capsule endoscopique spécifique pour l'exploration de l'oesophage est en court de développement (Pillcam ESO, Given Imaging). Des travaux préliminaires menés sur des populations artificiellement enrichies en endobrachyoesophage (EBO) et analysés en «per-protocole» ont montré la faisabilité de la technique et son intérêt pour le diagnostic d'EBO et d'œsophagite. Les buts de cette étude prospective, multicentrique, étaient d'évaluer les indices diagnostiques de la VCO comparativement à la fibroscopie oesogastroduodénale (FOGD) chez des malades explorés pour des symptômes de reflux et/ou de dyspepsie.
Coronary Angiograms and Myocardial Scintigraphy-Reply
Authors: Marvin L. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The letter by Vieras and Alter questions the choice of an angiographic lesion of 50% reduction in luminal diameter (equivalent to 75% reduction of the cross-sectional area pathologically) of the coronary artery. This has been a commonly accepted standard for several studies.<sup>1,2</sup>Other studies have used a more stenotic lesion.<sup>3</sup>We agree that further evaluation of the functional importance of an obstructive lesion is necessary, including degree of reduction, geometric shape, length, and multiplicity. There have been several reports in the literature directed at this problem.<sup>4-6</sup>However, the major point in the article was to emphasize the observer variability of interpreting angiograms. It is almost certain, regardless of the degree of angiographic lesion chosen, that there would be a noteworthy interobserver variability.<sup>7</sup>