tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Local Anesthetics and Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein
Authors: C. Norman Shealy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A letter in the<i>American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy</i>(<b>25</b>:34, 1968) by Sydney L. Burgee, Jr., pointed out that local anesthetics of several kinds, especially procaine hydrochloride, tetracaine hydrochloride, and lidocaine hydrochloride, react with the agents used to determine protein content of cerebrospinal fluid, giving a false high reading, when the colorimetric test uses the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Procaine or tetracaine (0.1 cc of a 1% solution) give a "protein" reading of 972 mg/100 cc! Thus, if only 0.1 cc of procaine or tetracaine happens to be mixed in 1 cc of cerebrospinal fluid, the protein reading would be approximately 100 mg/100 cc. I think it should be brought to the attention of physicians who are doing spinal taps. I have seen many physicians inject some of the local anesthetic through the spinal needle as it neared the spinal canal. If the needle happened to be filled
Treatise on atherosclerosis
Authors: D. I. Abramson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

effects on transport mechanisms.Most of the leading experts in their respective fields have contributed valuable and informative articles.Those libraries which can afford to pur- chase this perhaps too-well-produced volume will find it very frequently referred to by their readers, for it contains a wealth of up-to-date technical information and detail, together with many valuable bibliographies.C. L. COPE.
Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Jeffrey J. Stoddard
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Simultaneous immunisation with influenza vaccine and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in patients with chronic respiratory disease
Authors: T J Fletcher, W S Tunnicliffe, K Hammond, K Roberts, J G Ayres
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To test the efficacy of a graded aerobic exercise programme in the chronic fatigue syndrome.Design: Randomised controlled trial with control treatment crossover after the first follow up examination.Setting: Chronic fatigue clinic in a general hospital department of psychiatry.Subjects: 66 patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome who had neither a psychiatric disorder nor appreciable sleep disturbance.Interventions: Random allocation to 12 weeks of either graded aerobic exercise or flexibility exercises and relaxation therapy.Patients who completed the flexibility programme were invited to cross over to the exercise programme afterwards.Main outcome measure: The self rated clinical global impression change score, "very much better" or "much better" being considered as clinically important.Results: Four patients receiving exercise and three receiving flexibility treatment dropped out before completion.16 of 29 patients rated themselves as better after completing exercise treatment compared with eight of 30 patients who completed flexibility treatment.Analysis by intention to treat gave similar results (17/33 v 9/33 patients better).Fatigue, functional capacity, and fitness were significantly better after exercise than after flexibility treatment.12 of 22 patients who crossed over to exercise after flexibility treatment rated themselves as better after completing exercise treatment.32 of 47 patients rated themselves as better three months after completing supervised exercise treatment.35 of 47 patients rated themselves as better one year after completing supervised exercise treatment.Conclusion: These findings support the use of appropriately prescribed graded aerobic exercise in the management of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome.
Plasma Natriuretic Peptide Levels and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death
Authors: Thomas J. Wang, Martin G. Larson, Daniel Levy, Emelia J. Benjamin, Eric P. Leip, Torbjorn Omland, Philip A. Wolf, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The natriuretic peptides are counterregulatory hormones involved in volume homeostasis and cardiovascular remodeling. The prognostic significance of plasma natriuretic peptide levels in apparently asymptomatic persons has not been established.
Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Treatment of Lymphocytic Bronchiolitis Following Lung Transplantation
Authors: ANTHONY De SOYZA, ANDREW J. FISHER, THERESE SMALL, PAUL A. CORRIS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Airway rejection after lung transplantation is recognized histologically as lymphocytic bronchiolitis (LB). We hypothesized that inhaled steroids could control LB and that changes in exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) would correlate with the development of LB and also have a role in monitoring response to treatment. A cohort of 120 lung transplant (LT) recipients attending for review and biopsy had eNO measurements, FEV1, lavage microbiology, and biopsy histology performed prospectively. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess the significance of changes in eNO and FEV1. The coefficient of reproducibility of eNO measurement in stable recipients was 2.36 ppb. Fourteen developed graft dysfunction owing to isolated LB and were treated with inhaled budesonide 800 μ g twice daily. They showed significant increases in eNO at diagnosis, median (range) 10.9 ppb (4.6 to 48) ppb compared with baseline, 4.33 (1.0 to 10.76), p = 0.008, and a decrease in FEV1. After inhaled treatment, both eNO and FEV1 returned to baseline values. Seven developed acute vascular rejection (with or without LB) and were treated with oral corticosteroids; no changes in eNO occurred at diagnosis or after treatment. Serial eNO measurements provide a useful noninvasive method of identifying airway inflammation in LT recipients. Inhaled budesonide may be a useful addition to systemic immunosuppressants in controlling airway inflammation posttransplant.
Comparative pathology of the nasal mucosa in laboratory animals exposed to inhaled irritants.
Authors: Jack R. Harkema
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The nasal cavity is susceptible to chemically induced injury as a result of exposure to inhaled irritants. Some responses of the nasal mucosa to inhaled toxicants are species specific. These species-related differences in response may be due to variations in structural, physiologic, and biochemical factors, such as gross nasal cavity structure, distribution of luminal epithelial cell populations along the nasal airway, intranasal airflow patterns, nasal mucociliary apparatus, and nasal xenobiotic metabolism among animal species. This paper reviews the comparative anatomy and irritant-induced pathology of the nasal cavity in laboratory animals. The toxicologist, pathologist, and environmental risk assessor must have a good working knowledge of the similarities and differences in normal nasal structure and response to injury among species before they can select animal models for nasal toxicity studies, recognize toxicant-induced lesions in the nasal airway, and extrapolate experimental results to estimate the possible effects of an inhaled toxicant on the human nasal airway.
Relationship between local oxygen consumption and local and external cardiac work: effect of tachycardia
Authors: J. KEDEM, J. SONN, M. SCHEINOWITZ, H. R WEISS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

This study was designed to determine the extent of coupling between regional myocardial segment work and corresponding regional oxygen consumption, and to examine whether tachycardia induced changes in regional work are translated into corresponding changes in external cardiac work. In the open chest anaesthetised dog, the heart was paced at frequencies of 120–270 beats·min−1. Global and regional myocardial O2 supply, consumption, and balance were evaluated at each heart rate, and correlated with corresponding functional changes. Global cardiac function was evaluated from aortic flow, blood pressure, and left ventricular pressure. Coronary sinus flow and O2 saturation were used to calculate O2 consumption. The integrated multiple of myocardial shortening (ultrasonic dimension crystals) by corresponding force (strain gauge arch) during an averaged beat was used to express regional segment work. Regional coronary blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres, and microspectrophotometry was used to evaluate O2 saturation in small arteries and veins. These indices were used to calculate regional myocardial oxygen consumption. NADH redox levels were recorded by surface fluorometry, and were found to increase with heart rate by up to 67%. Increasing heart rate from 120 to 180 beats·min−1 increased regional work from 3040(SEM 220) to a peak of 4290(280) mm·g−1·min−1, whereas external cardiac work did not increase [67.0(2.6) to 65.3(4.4) mm Hg·litre−1·min−1] and fell further at the highest rates. Regional oxygen consumption increased from 6.16(0.47) to 8.29(0.53) ml O2·min−1·100 g−1 and was linearly related to regional work at all heart rates (r=0.971, p<0.05). External cardiac work fell by about 26% whereas global myocardial oxygen consumption increased by 49% during tachycardia. It is concluded that myocardial oxygen consumption is more closely related to regional segment work than to external work, and that tachycardia significantly raises the oxygen cost of external work of the heart.
Dynamic studies on portal haemodynamics by scintiphotosplenoportography: flow patterns of portal circulation.
Authors: T Kashiwagi, K Kimura, T Suematsu, M Shichiri, T Kamada, H Abe
Journal: Gut (1980)

Scintiphotosplenoportography (SSP) was performed in 190 instances in 161 patients. No significant complications, such as severe pain or splenic haemorrhage, were encountered in any of the patients studied. Flow patterns of SSP were classified into nine groups according to the direction of collateral flow. Hepatopetal collateral flow was frequently observed in pancreatic cancer. In portal hypertension, cephalic collateral flow was more frequently observed than caudal flow. In detecting oesophageal varices, both SSP and endoscopy were performed in 81 patients. In four out of 46 patients with cephalic flow, oesophageal varices could not be observed by endoscopy. Conversely, in three out of 44 patients with oesophageal varices, SSP failed to show cephalic flow. The combined use of SSP and endoscopy would therefore provide more useful information in the management of patients with portal hypertension.
Diabetic Coma: Ketoacidotic and Hyperosmolar
Authors: David L. Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Diabetic coma is one of the most commonly seen medical emergencies, yet it is difficult to find lucid, up-to-date, and comprehensive works on this topic.<i>Diabetic Coma: Ketoacidotic and Hyperosmolar</i>fills this need admirably. Its transatlantic authorship, by Schade and Eaton in Albuquerque and Alberti and Johnston in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, England, has brought a variety of expertise to the volume, yet constancy of style has been maintained. There is no identification of individual authorship for each chapter, and the book reads as a cohesive whole. This book can be used at several different levels. In an urgent situation, when time is precious, the inside covers summarize the authors' approach to treatment, using a flow sheet type of approach. When there is more time (or, preferably, before it is needed), chapter 12, "Initial Clinical Approach," provides greater details on the first 12 hours of treatment. Treatment of both adults and children is
Sodium Intake and Lithium Treatment in Mania
Authors: ROBERT G. DEMERS, GEORGE R. HENINGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Following an increase in the intake of dietary sodium during treatment with lithium carbonate, the manic symptoms of six patients were observed to increase prior to or coincident with the reduction of side effects. Although sodium intake does influence lithium carbonate treatment, the data suggest that the therapeutic index of lithium carbonate is not improved by increasing dietary sodium.
Abstract 1841: Characterizing long non-coding RNAs located within a replication origin at the human DBF4 locus.
Authors: Shawn Hughes, Kathleen Kylie, Julia Romero, Hoyun Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Faithful replication of the entire genome only once per cell cycle is crucial to cell homeostasis. The importance of proper replication is manifested by the presence of a large library of strict regulatory mechanisms that a cell employs to govern entry into the cell cycle. Failure to regulate this “licensing” process may result in a state of aneuploidy which is a driving force in cancer development. Besides the licensing proteins, the precise mechanism of how a cell chooses or activates replication initiation points is still poorly understood in mammalian cells. We have been studying the replication origin located at the promoter region of the human DBF4 gene. This origin contains two replication initiation zones that fire in opposite directions sequentially in a time-dependant manner, which we've termed it asymmetrical bidirectional replication (ABR). We have recently discovered that the DBF4 origin region contains a unique distribution and modifications of histones, which appears to be relevant to the regulation of replication initiation. In addition, we also found high activities of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcription up- and down-stream of the DBF4 origin. Our preliminary data suggest that the active transcription of the lncRNAs at this locus may have a regulatory function on the chromatin conformation, transcription and DNA replication. We are currently carrying out experiments to gain a better understanding of the mechanism how lncRNA transcription is regulated in the context of replication initiation and DBF4 transcription. Citation Format: Shawn Hughes, Kathleen Kylie, Julia Romero, Hoyun Lee. Characterizing long non-coding RNAs located within a replication origin at the human DBF4 locus. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1841. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1841
Abstract PR5: Identifying mechanisms of drug resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition via genome-scale rescue screens
Authors: Cory M. Johannessen, Laura A. Johnson, Daniel Lam, Luke Hamm, Federica Piccioni, David Root, Levi Garraway
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The recent clinical success of RAF inhibitors in BRAF(V600E)-mutant malignant melanoma highlights the promise of targeted therapeutics as well as the inevitability of acquired drug resistance: responses are sustained for less than a year and all patients ultimately become drug resistant. To identify causative drug resistance genes in BRAF(V600E)-mutant melanoma, we have individually expressed over 14, 000 unique genes and queried their ability to affect sensitivity to a panel of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors, including a RAF, MEK and ERK inhibitor, both as single agents or in combination (RAFi+MEKi). Out of this genome-scale collection, less than 1% of genes are sufficient to induce resistance to the MAPK pathway inhibitors tested. Here, we present the results of this rescue screen and extensive validation/characterization efforts that reveal a number of novel insights into mechanisms of drug resistance, melanoma biology and the MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, the scale of this first-of-kind functional rescue screen permits its integration with existing genome characterization efforts, including melanoma sequencing studies, gene expression data and parallel functional assays to identify the most relevant genetic modifiers of resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition. This proffered talk is also presented as Poster B27.
Secret ballots: a cure for apathy?
Authors: K W E Craven
Journal: BMJ (1991)

We are grateful to Dr Martin and Mr Tweedle for their comments.It is our contention that this complication, which has been noted before,' is probably underrecognised rather than rare.We do not advocate doing therapeutic biliary endoscopy as a day case procedure, and it is certainly not our practice to do this.Other complications such as pancreatitis and septicaemia may also present after four to six hours, and our patients often come from far away as tertiary referrals.We use a similar technique to that of Dr Martin and Mr Tweedle, using an electrosurgical unit with a power output of 30 watts, although the output may have to be increased in patients with longstanding choledocholithiasis and fibrosis at the lower end of the bile duct.We prefer a plain wired sphincterotome.Interestingly, our overall rate of bleeding after sphincterotomy (3%) is virtually identical with that quoted by others,' 2 including Dr Martin and Mr Tweedle, who were among four authors who reported bleeding in six of 215 patients.'It is not apparent why this bleeding may become overt late, but the need for vigilance remains clear.
Conversion of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, into two nonanaphylactic T cell epitope-containing fragments: candidates for a novel form of specific immunotherapy.
Authors: S Vrtala, K Hirtenlehner, L Vangelista, A Pastore, H G Eichler, W R Sperr, P Valent, C Ebner, D Kraft, R Valenta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

A novel approach to reduce the anaphylactic activity of allergens is suggested. The strategy makes use of the presence of conformational immunoglobulin E (IgE) epitopes on one of the most common allergens. The three dimensional structure of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, was disrupted by expressing two parts of the Bet v 1 cDNA representing amino acids 1-74 and 75-160 in Escherichia coli. In contrast to the complete recombinant Bet v 1, the fragments showed almost no allergenicity and exhibited random coil conformation as analyzed by circular dichroism. Both nonanaphylactic fragments induced proliferation of human Bet v 1-specific T cell clones, indicating that they harbored all dominant T cell epitopes and therefore may be considered as a basis for the development of a safe and specific T cell immunotherapy.
A variant insulin promoter in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: L Olansky, C Welling, S Giddings, S Adler, R Bourey, G Dowse, S Serjeantson, P Zimmet, M A Permutt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To test the hypothesis that alterations in regulatory regions of the insulin gene occur in a subset of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), the promoter region was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification directly from genomic DNA, followed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. By using this method a previously identified HincII polymorphism (GTTGAC to GTTGAG at position-56) in American Blacks was readily detected, indicating that single base changes could be observed. In the course of screening the insulin promoter from 40 American Black subjects with NIDDM, an apparent larger allele was found in two individuals. Both patients were shown to have in addition to a normal allele, a larger allele containing an 8-bp repeat, TGGTCTAA from positions -322 to -315 of the insulin promoter. To facilitate rapid screening for the 8-bp repeat, a high-resolution agarose gel electrophoretic analysis was adopted. DNA from American Black NIDDM subjects (n = 100) and nondiabetic subjects (n = 100) was PCR amplified and analyzed. The 8-bp repeat was present in five NIDDM subjects, and one nondiabetic subject. DNA from Mauritius Creoles, also of African ancestry, was analyzed, and the 8-bp repeat was present in 3 of 41 NIDDM subjects, and 0 of 41 nondiabetic subjects. Analysis of glucose metabolism in three presumed normal sibs of an NIDDM patient with an 8-bp repeat revealed that one sib had overt diabetes, and two sibs were glucose intolerant, but there was no consistent segregation of the insulin promoter variant with the diabetes phenotype. The variant promoter was not present in 35 Caucasian NIDDM patients or in 40 Pima Indians. To test the biological consequences of the 8-bp repeat sequence in the insulin promoter, a normal and variant promoter were subcloned into a luciferase plasmid, and reporter gene activity assessed by transient transfection into mouse insulinoma (beta TC1) and hamster insulinoma (HIT) cells. The promoter activity of the variant allele was found to be reduced to 37.9 +/- 10.3% of the activity of the normal promoter in HIT cells (P less than 0.01, n = 4), and 49.1 +/- 6.4% in beta TC1 cells (P less than 0.01, n = 6). These data thus suggest that a naturally occurring variant of the insulin promoter may contribute to the diabetes phenotype in 5-6% of Black NIDDM patients.
Insulin pumps: more consultation was needed
Authors: Andrew J Palmer, Daniel M D Tucker, Joshua A Ray, William J Valentine, Craig Currie, Phil McEwan, Michael Brändle
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Colquitt et al recently published a health technology assessment on the clinical and cost effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for diabetes for the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).1 Believing that some important issues needed to be communicated with other readers, we contacted the NHS Health Technology Assessment Programme and were informed that its journal does not offer the opportunity to respond to previous appraisals in forthcoming publications (although the programme's website offers a forum for discussion, at www.ncchta.org/correspond/).

Given the potential impact of such publications in …
How popular perceptions of risk from SARS are fermenting discrimination
Authors: J. Schram
Journal: BMJ (2003)

While scientists have been struggling to find the causative pathogen and mode of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), popular perceptions about SARS have been forming in decidedly unscientific ways.

The media saturate us with images of east Asians wearing masks 

In Boston and New York city false rumours of infection proliferated faster than the microbe itself. An insidious April fool's hoax surfaced on a Massachusetts Institute of Technology website warning of infected employees at a restaurant in Boston's Chinatown. Exaggerated by mouth and email, rumours soon alleged that there was widespread contagion in the district. Meanwhile, in New York City a healthy Vietnamese owner of a Chinatown restaurant confronted the unsettling details of his own death through consolatory phone calls, online postings, and the local newsprint ( New York Times , 4 April). Businesses in both communities …