tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Pharmacology in Obstetrics
Authors: T. Keith Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Pregnancy is a therapeutic orphan, says Dr Peter Lewis, the editor of this book. While there have been profound changes and rapid growth in the fields of pharmacology and obstetrics in the last three decades, there has been an understandable reluctance on the part of drug companies to endorse trials of their drugs in pregnant patients. This book looks at the cutting edge of drug therapy in pregnancy today. The first three chapters, which are written by Dr Lewis himself, deal with the effect of drugs on the mother and on the fetus. The pharmacokinetics of drugs in a two-compartment (mother and fetus) system are discussed and diagramed. A careful reading of these chapters may help someone to understand why the fetus may have a higher concentration of the drug in its system than the mother. The remaining 22 chapters of the book are handled by 27 contributing editors who
Monitoring of immunotherapy by measuring monocyte HLA-DR expression and stimulated TNFα production during sepsis after liver transplantation
Authors: C. Denzel, J. Riese, W. Hohenberger, G. Born, F. Köckerling, K. Tschaikowsky, H.-B. Reith, T. Reck, W. Haupt
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1998)
Safety of etanercept in patients with psoriasis and hepatitis C virus assessed by liver histopathology: Preliminary data
Authors: Andrea Paradisi, Giacomo Caldarola, Rodolfo Capizzi, Massimo Siciliano, Eleonora Annichiarico, Fabio Maria Vecchio, Pier Luigi Amerio, Clara De Simone
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Utility of the Routine Left Lateral View in Gated Blood Pool Studies
Authors: ROBERT G. CARROLL, STEVE A. SHIRLEY, JANET B. BEECHAM, LYLE E. SHELDON, PETER C. SMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

One hundred twenty-four sequential gated blood pool studies were examined by four observers in order to determine the impact on overall interpretation created by the addition of a routine left lateral view to supplement the standard LAO and RAO projections. Of these 124 studies, 114 studies in 87 patients were considered technically adequate. Forty-one of the 114 studies revealed differences in the perception of apex motion in the LAO as compared with the left lateral view. In seven of these 41 cases, the overall diagnostic impression was altered by the left lateral view. A 15-minute increase in technician time at an incremental cost of $3.00 is attributed to the added view. Approximately 6% of overall diagnostic impressions were altered because of this additional routine view.
Suicinde in Physicians
Authors: Paul H. Blachly
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The myth that physicians have a rate of suicide greater than that of the general population or more particularly, those in other professions, such as dentistry or law, should be promptly dispelled. The myth comes out in casual ways such asThe Journalin (<b>209</b>:497, 1969), in which it states: "Physicians have a high suicide rate ( 36 per 100,000, compared with 11 per 100,000 in the general population)." These figures obviously compare a white male population more than 25 years of age with the total population of all ages. Certainly, some groups of physicians have a high rate of suicide, but other groups of physicians have a low rate of suicide. The factors in each group which contribute to using suicide as a way of solving problems can be specified. These factors have been considered in detail elsewhere.<sup>1,2</sup>
Mild recessive epidermolytic hyperkeratosis associated with a novel keratin 10 donor splice-site mutation in a family of Norfolk terrier dogs
Authors: K.M. Credille, K.F. Barnhart, J.S. Minor, R.W. Dunstan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in humans is caused by dominant-negative mutations in suprabasal epidermal keratins 1 and 10. However, spontaneous keratin mutations have not been confirmed in a species other than human. Objectives To describe an autosomal recessive, mild, nonpalmar/plantar epidermolytic ichthyosis segregating in an extended pedigree of Norfolk terrier dogs due to a splice-site mutation in the gene encoding keratin 10 (KRT10). Methods Dogs were evaluated clinically, and skin samples were examined by light and electron microscopy. Genomic DNA samples and cDNA from skin RNA were sequenced and defined a mutation in KRT10. Consequences of the mutation were evaluated by assessing protein expression with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and gene expression with real-time RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). Results Adult dogs with the disease had generalized, pigmented hyperkeratosis with epidermal fragility. Light microscopic examination defined epidermolysis with hyperkeratosis; ultrastructural changes included a decrease in tonofilaments and abnormal filament aggregation in upper spinous and granular layer keratinocytes. Affected dogs were homozygous for a single base GT→TT change in the consensus donor splice site of intron 5 in KRT10. Keratin 10 protein was not detected with immunoblotting in affected dogs. Heterozygous dogs were normal based on clinical and histological appearance and keratin 10 protein expression. The mutation caused activation of at least three cryptic or alternative splice sites. Use of the cryptic sites resulted in transcripts containing premature termination codons. One transcript could result in shortening of the proximal portion of the 2B domain before the stutter region. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated a significant decrease in KRT10 mRNA levels in affected dogs compared with wild-type dogs. Conclusions This disease is the first confirmed spontaneous keratin mutation in a nonhuman species and is the first reported recessive form of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.
Extracardiac Ablation of the Canine Atrioventricular Junction by Use of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound
Authors: S. Adam Strickberger, Takashi Tokano, Jan-Ulco A. Kluiwstra, Fred Morady, Charles Cain
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —High-intensity focused ultrasound has been applied to internal organs from outside the body to ablate tissue. No published study has assessed the feasibility of ablating cardiac tissue within the beating heart by use of this type of therapeutic ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high-intensity focused ultrasound can be used to ablate the atrioventricular (AV) junction within the beating heart. Methods and Results —Ten dogs were anesthetized and underwent a thoracotomy. The heart was covered with a polyvinyl chloride membrane. The thorax above the membrane was perfused with degassed water, which functioned as a coupling medium for the ultrasound. A 7.0-MHz diagnostic ultrasound probe was affixed to a spherically focused 1.4-MHz high-intensity focused ultrasound transducer with a 1.1×8.3-mm focal zone 63.5 mm from the ablation transducer. The diagnostic ultrasound probe was calibrated such that the location of the focal zone of the ablation transducer was identifiable on the 2-dimensional ultrasound image. Target sites were identified with the diagnostic ultrasound. The maximum ultrasound intensity for ablation (2.8 kW/cm 2 ) was delivered to the AV junction only during electrical diastole and for a total of 30 seconds. Complete AV block was achieved in each of the 10 dogs with 6.5±5.6 (range, 3 to 21) 30-second applications of therapeutic ultrasound. Gross inspection showed that the mean lesion volume was 124±143 mm 3 , with a depth of 6.7±3.6 mm, a length of 5.7±2.5 mm, and a width of 4.7±1.8 mm. Four hours after the dogs were killed, histopathological study demonstrated a well-demarcated area of necrosis and early inflammation. Conclusions —High-intensity focused ultrasound produces well-demarcated lesions and appears to be a feasible energy source to create complete AV block within the beating heart without damaging the overlying or underlying cardiac tissue. This energy source may allow for a noninvasive approach to ablation of cardiac arrhythmias.
Survival times in people with dementia: analysis from population based cohort study with 14 year follow-up
Authors: Jing Xie, Carol Brayne, Fiona E Matthews
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objectives</b> To provide estimates of survival after onset of dementia by age, sex, self reported health, disability, and severity of cognitive impairment. <b>Design</b> Analysis of participants from prospective population based cohort study in 1991-2003, with follow-up of dementia status in all individuals after two and six years (in one centre) and 10 years and in subsamples additionally at six and eight years and mortality until 2005. <b>Setting</b> Multicentre population based study in England and Wales: two rural and three urban centres. <b>Participants</b> 438 participants who developed dementia from a population based study of 13 004 individuals aged 65 years and over drawn from primary care population registers. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Sociodemographic factors, cognitive function, specific health conditions, and self reported health collected at each interview. Cox's proportional hazards regression models were used to identify predictors of mortality from the selected variables in people who received diagnosis of dementia according the study's criteria<b>.</b> <b>Results</b> By December 2005, 356 of the 438 (81%) participants who developed dementia during the study had died. Estimated median survival time from onset of dementia to death was 4.1 years (interquartile range 2.5-7.6) for men and 4.6 years (2.9-7.0) for women. There was a difference of nearly seven years in survival between the younger old and the oldest people with dementia: 10.7 (25th centile 5.6) for ages 65-69; 5.4 (interquartile range 3.4-8.3) for ages 70-79; 4.3 (2.8-7.0) for ages 80-89, and 3.8 (2.3-5.2) years for ages ≥90. Significant factors that predicted mortality in the presence of dementia during the follow-up included sex, age of onset, and disability. <b>Conclusion</b> These analyses give a population based estimated median survival for incident dementia of 4.5 years. Such estimates can be used for prognosis and planning for patients, carers, service providers, and policy makers.
Low Iodine Diet in I-131 Ablation of Thyroid Remnants
Authors: H R MAXON, S R THOMAS, A BOEHRINGER, J DRILLING, M I SPERLING, J C SPARKS, I W CHEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

A low-iodine diet was developed for used in decreasing iodine intake and excretion in patients undergoing evaluation with radioactive I-131 for ablation of thyroid remnants as treatment for thyroid cancer. It has been demonstrated to effectively lower iodine excretion to less than 25% of basal values. Preliminary calculations suggest that such iodine depletion may be potentially useful in increasing the radiation dose per mCi of administered activity in I-131 ablative therapy.
Anisakiasis From the American Perspective
Authors: Robert E. Fontaine
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Human anisakiasis results from accidental infection with larval ascarid nematodes, which normally parasitize several phyla of marine life during their complex life cycle.<sup>1,2</sup>Larvae from two genera,<i>Anisakis and Phocanema</i>, of the family Anisakidae, have been definitely identified from human cases, but<i>Anisakis</i>has produced by far the greater number of human cases. Adult worms of these two genera infest the stomachs of marine mammals, attaching and burrowing into the mucosal surface in dense clusters. Unembryonated eggs passed in the stool develop and hatch in sea water to produce sheathed secondstage larvae. After ingestion by a small crustacean, the larva molts and encysts in the crustacean's body cavity. The larval worm then encysts in the viscera or muscles of any fish that eats these parasitized crustaceans. Fish or squid that eat other parasitized fish also become parasitized. During repeated passages from one fish to another, the larvae may grow
Recent Advances:General practice
Authors: C Silagy
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Advances in most medical disciplines are usually characterised by the emergence of new technologies and therapeutic discoveries.In general practice, however, recent advances have been more oriented towards the introduction of radical new organisational structures, internal systems, and methods of technological transfer.'These developments are shaping new roles for general practitioners within their health services.2Many of these changes have been driven by governments keen to control the spiralling rise in health care costs.In many countries the increased importance being attached to the primary health care sector is reaching new heights.The example par excellence is the United States, where we are witnessing what amounts to a rebirth of the family physician.'This seems almost ubiquitous-at a time when most of the major disci- plines in medicine are being increasingly dominated by rapid technological advances in genetic engineering and molecular biology.The Clinton administration, amid a climate of rising health costs generated by the demand for new techno- logies together with the growing threat of medical litigation, has proposed extensive reforms of the American health care system.'If these reforms are successfully implemented, the primary health care sector will be placed firmly at the base of the system, with a crucial gate keeping role to regulate access to the high cost secondary and tertiary sectors.The impact of this major policy shift is likely to be far reaching and provide a role model for a number of other countries to follow.
Most patients rely on their own experiences to choose hospitals, shows survey
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess the impact of home telemonitoring on health service use and quality of life in patients with severe chronic lung disease. <h3>Design</h3> Randomised crossover trial with 6 months of standard best practice clinical care (control group) and 6 months with the addition of telemonitoring. <h3>Participants</h3> 68 patients with chronic lung disease (38 with COPD; 30 with chronic respiratory failure due to other causes), who had a hospital admission for an exacerbation within 6 months of randomisation and either used long-term oxygen therapy or had an arterial oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) of &lt;90% on air during the previous admission. Individuals received telemonitoring (second-generation system) via broadband link to a hospital-based care team. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> Primary outcome measure was time to first hospital admission for an acute exacerbation. Secondary outcome measures were hospital admissions, general practitioner (GP) consultations and home visits by nurses, quality of life measured by EuroQol-5D and hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale, and self-efficacy score (Stanford). <h3>Results</h3> Median (IQR) number of days to first admission showed no difference between the two groups—77 (114) telemonitoring, 77.5 (61) control (p=0.189). Hospital admission rate at 6 months increased (0.63 telemonitoring vs 0.32 control p=0.026). Home visits increased during telemonitoring; GP consultations were unchanged. Self-efficacy fell, while HAD depression score improved marginally during telemonitoring. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Telemonitoring added to standard care did not alter time to next acute hospital admission, increased hospital admissions and home visits overall, and did not improve quality of life in chronic respiratory patients. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT02180919 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Dissatisfaction with Medical Legislation.
Authors: W. G. McFadden
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Shelbyville, Ind., Sept. 5, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Chapter II, Article 1, Section 1, of the Principles of Medical Ethics, we find this clear and emphatic statement: "It is inconsistent with the principles of medical science, and it is incompatible with honorable standing in the profession, for physicians to designate their practice as based on an exclusive dogma or a sectarian system of medicine." My son, after graduating in a regular school of medicine, went before the State Board of Examination and secured a certificate of competency signed by a physio-medical as president and an eclectic as secretary, who also advertised himself as a homeopath and a graduate of Pratt's School of Orificial Surgery. Now, my son, as well as myself, feel very much humiliated when we are reminded that he is practicing medicine by the courtesy and under the certificate of two gentlemen who, according to the principles
Inert gas single-breath washout after heart-lung transplantation.
Authors: A Van Muylem, M Antoine, J C Yernault, M Paiva, M Estenne
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We prospectively studied the distribution of ventilation in 22 heart-lung transplant (HLT) recipients. At entry into study, the patients had undergone surgery an average of 6.7 mo earlier, and were followed for a mean period of 16 mo. Vital-capacity (VC) single-breath washouts as well as single-breath washouts using a 1-L inspiration from FRC were performed on a total of 395 occasions. The inhaled gas mixture consisted of 5% He, 5% SF6, and 90% O2, and the expired N2, He, and SF6 concentrations were analyzed. Six patients showed normal standard pulmonary-function tests and indexes of ventilation distribution throughout the study. Five patients gradually developed an irreversible airflow obstruction, presumably due to obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). They showed increases in the slopes of the N2, SF6, and He alveolar plateaus (SN2, SSF6, S(He)), but because S(He) increased more than SSF6, the slope difference (SSF6-S(He)) invariably decreased and became negative in four of five patients. Thirteen patients developed 16 episodes of reversible airflow obstruction as a result of acute infection or rejection of the lung allograft. The alterations in ventilation distribution were qualitatively similar to those seen in patients with OB. We conclude that: (1) ventilation distribution in the lung periphery is normal in HLT recipients with adequate allograft function; (2) the airflow obstruction elicited by OB and acute episodes of lung infection or rejection is accompanied by increases in SN2, SSF6, and S(He) and decreases in SSF6-(He)).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vasectomy and testicular cancer.
Authors: I C Chi
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The recent work on the pathology and genetics of prion disease in humans has several implications for the epidemiological proposals at the end of Professor Matthews's editorial.Firstly, because of the clinical and pathological variability the true incidence of transmissible dementias (prion disease) in humans can be established with certainty only by a combination of genetic screening and immunocytochemical detection of the abnormal isoform of prion protein.Secondly, on the basis of information already available the incidence of the range of prion diseases in humans is (and probably always was) significantly higher than the figures quoted in the editorial.Thirdly, because of this improved rate of detection any attempts at ascertaining the possible impact of foodstuffs contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalitis on the incidence of transmissible dementias must take this apparent rise in the number of cases into account.Finally, the number of familial cases being identified raises the possibility that in humans the prion disease range has more of a genetic basis than hitherto realised.
The interleukin 23 receptor is essential for the terminal differentiation of interleukin 17–producing effector T helper cells in vivo
Authors: Mandy J McGeachy, Yi Chen, Cristina M Tato, Arian Laurence, Barbara Joyce-Shaikh, Wendy M Blumenschein, Terrill K McClanahan, John J O'Shea, Daniel J Cua
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
TCT-275 A Novel Drug-Coated Scoring Balloon for the Treatment of Coronary In-Stent Restenosis: One Year Results of the PATENT-C First-in-Human Trial
Authors: Bruno Scheller, Alexandre Abizaid, Tobias Fontaine, Bodo Cremers, Norman Mangner, Stefan HOFFMANN, Klaus Bonaventura, Yvonne P. Clever, Bettina Kelsch, Maren Kutschera, Ulrich Speck, Gary Gershony
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Opposition to divulging patient information.
Authors: S Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

advantage of Polaroid films is their relatively low resolution, which may fail to pick out fine vessels if the quality of the photograph is other than excellent.This finding coincides with our experience of working in a retinopathy clinic.Over the past eight months of using the non-mydriatic camera there were at least eight cases ofproliferative retinopathy which presented with lesions outside its photographic field.
Shoemaker's "Materia Medica and Therapeutics."
Authors: John V. Shoemaker
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Philadelphia, Feb. 20, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —While thanking you for your favorable notice of my "Materia Medica and Therapeutics," sixth edition, I would regard it as only just to me that a misconception on the part of the reviewer should be corrected, and I ask you to publish this explanation in an early issue ofThe Journal. Unlike other text-books, my work is based on both the United States Pharmacopeia and the British Pharmacopeia, so that it can be used in all parts of the world where these two standards are in force. Unfortunately, the committee of revision did not see its way clear to adopt the English titles of some drugs, like carbolic acid and sulphonal, but authorized "phenol," "hexamethylenamine," etc., instead. A careful examination of my work will show that these drugs are described under both of their official titles, with full explanation given under each heading.
Medical and Health Annual—1979
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Physicians are well aware that the public is obtaining its medical information from an increasing variety of sources. Among the more durable of these sources are the so-called year-books, of which this is one of the latest. Some 60 physicians and other medical scientists were consulted in the preparation of this third edition. It contains 12 major features, including discussions of some of the leukemias, of efforts to develop efficacious and safe drugs, and of the challenges in coping with some infectious diseases. Other sections review such developments as Legionnaires' disease, injuries associated with jogging, and even the influence of television on Americans' health consciousness, or offer information and self-quiz questions on contraception, nutrition, being a good patient, and other subjects. There are first-aid recommendations for 44 injuries or illnesses. The annual has more than 350 illustrations, 150 of which are in color. Physicians may not agree completely with the
Increase in drug resistance among Shigella dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii.
Authors: A S Phadke, N B Jain, S A Phadke, A P Saraf, R K Kalbag, G V Jogalekar
Journal: BMJ (1982)

To the authors' knowledge (information given by Cheltenham Drug Squad) this preparation after nine months has not found its way on to the black market outside of the Cheltenham area.Only one addict has admitted trying to inject the mixture: she concluded that it was "impossible," and she has not tried doing this again.Thus it would appear that this new di- pipanone mixture has considerable advantages over any other opiate preparation currently being prescribed to maintain drug addicts.