tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of acute experimental left ventricular thrombi with quantitative backscatter imaging.
Authors: B F Vandenberg, R A Kieso, K Fox-Eastham, R E Kerber, H E Melton, S M Collins, D J Skorton
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Two-dimensional echocardiography is an excellent technique for detecting left ventricular thrombi, however, acute clot is sometimes difficult to differentiate from adjacent myocardium and intracavitary signals. We hypothesized that quantitative assessment of the acoustic properties of acute left ventricular thrombi using a quantitative backscatter imaging system would permit the differentiation of thrombus from adjacent myocardium and intracavitary echoes. Acute, experimental left ventricular thrombi in seven dogs were evaluated with a quantitative backscatter imaging system that allowed the measurement of relative integrated backscatter and cyclic (i.e., diastolic minus systolic) variation in integrated backscatter. Coronary ligation abolished the cyclic variation in relative backscatter that occurred in normal myocardium. The end-diastolic relative backscatter in the thrombus (16.9 +/- 1.3 dB) was significantly higher than in apical myocardium (13.2 +/- 0.6 dB, p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the cyclic variation in relative backscatter among thrombus, ischemic myocardium, or intracavitary blood. Thus, the quantitative assessment of the acoustic properties of left ventricular thrombi can be useful in their detection and in the differentiation from myocardium and intracavitary signals.
Comparative clinical morbidity of an (autosomal) agammaglobulinemic female and bruton's XLA*1
Authors: L.G. Scott, C.M. Bowman, R.B. Pillai, C.A. Little, P.M. Scibielski, A.F. Finn, F.M. Schaffer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Efficient Gene Transfer of HIV-1-Specific Short Hairpin RNA into Human Lymphocytic Cells Using Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Vectors
Authors: Daniel Boden, Oliver Pusch, Fred Lee, Lynne Tucker, Bharat Ramratnam
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The cellular introduction of short, interfering RNA leads to sequence-specific degradation of homologous mRNA, a process termed RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we report that recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (rAAV-2) can be used to transfer short hairpin (sh) RNA expression cassettes genetically into human cells. HIV-1 replication was suppressed by >95% in H9 cells and primary human lymphocytes that expressed shRNA targeting the first exon of the viral transactivator protein tat compared to control cells. rAAV-2 integrated stably into the host genome, leading to long-term expression of tat shRNA. Our findings demonstrate the utility of rAAV-2 for the genetic transfer of shRNA expression cassettes into human cells, providing an alternative to using retroviral vectors as RNAi delivery systems.
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Authors: F. RONGIOLETTI, E. GROSSHANS, A. REBORA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

A patient is described with a tumour of the upper lip which was proved histologically to be a microcystic adnexal carcinoma, probably derived from the outer hair root sheath. This appears to be the eighth in the literature.
Is there more to “model” than “muddle”?
Authors: Matthias Scheutz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Any discussion comparing different models with respect to their quality qua models must presuppose a notion of model, that is, what it is to be a model. While Webb provides seven criteria to assess the quality of various proposed biorobotic models, she does not clarify the very notion of “model of animal behavior” itself.
Segregation of eosinophil proteins in alveolar macrophage compartments in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia.
Authors: A Janin, G Torpier, P Courtin, M Capron, L Prin, A B Tonnel, P Y Hatron, B Gosselin
Journal: Thorax (1993)

The objective was to characterise the process and consequences of eosinophil activation and lysis in patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and to compare them with those in patients with eosinophil pulmonary infiltrates from other causes.Cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of four patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and four patients with eosinophilic infiltrates associated with Sjögren's syndrome, drug hypersensitivity pneumonia, postradiotherapy fibrosis, and pulmonary disease associated with graft versus host disease were studied ultrastructurally and with immunogold labelled antibodies directed against eosinophil proteins: major basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein, and Charcot-Leyden crystal protein. The concentration of eosinophil cationic protein was also measured in bronchoalveolar fluid.In the four patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, ultrastructural studies demonstrated numerous lysed eosinophils. Further, three released eosinophil proteins were detected in distinct cytoplasmic structures in alveolar macrophages. These features were not found in the four patients with eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates from other causes.Eosinophils in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia show signs of activation with release of eosinophil proteins. The appearance of three of these eosinophil proteins in different macrophage compartments suggests that macrophage uptake, with or without intracellular transport of released eosinophil proteins, involves separate mechanisms. This interaction does not lead to macrophage lysis, however, and one or more of these eosinophil proteins might directly affect macrophage function.
Risk of acute non-specific upper respiratory tract infections in healthy men taking dapsone-pyrimethamine for prophylaxis against malaria
Authors: P. S. Lee, E. Y L Lau
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The relative risks of non-specific upper respiratory tract infections were studied in two well matched groups of military recruits to see whether dapsone-pyrimethamine (Maloprim) given as antimalarial prophylaxis was associated with immunosuppression. Mean risks of upper respiratory tract infection were 64% higher in the study group than in the controls, the largest monthly differences being recorded in the months of harder training. These findings were unlikely to have been due solely to harder training in the study group, as concurrently measured sprains (arguably more likely to have been affected) were increased by only 19%. A more likely explanation was some degree of immunosuppression, physical stress possibly having a synergistic effect. These findings suggest that travellers taking dapsone-pyrimethamine as antimalarial prophylaxis may be rendered more susceptible to commoner infections, especially when engaged in increased physical activity.
Right Ventricular Mural Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Alummoottil George Koshy, Babu Kanjirakadavath, Radhakrishnan Vallikkattu Velayudhan, Mohammed Sali Subair Kunju, Preetham Kumar Francis, Abdul Rasheed Mohammed Haneefa, Rajasekharan Vellannure Rajagopalan, Suresh Krishnan
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Left cardiac sympathetic denervation in the therapy of congenital long QT syndrome. A worldwide report.
Authors: P J Schwartz, E H Locati, A J Moss, R S Crampton, R Trazzi, U Ruberti
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a congenital disorder accompanied by a high incidence of sudden cardiac death. beta-Adrenergic blockade is the therapy of choice, and it is successful in 75-80% of patients. For those in whom cardiac events (syncope or cardiac arrest) are not prevented by beta-blockade, experimental studies suggest that left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) may be useful.We identified 85 LQTS patients worldwide who underwent LCSD, and we provide here the first large-scale evaluation of its efficacy. The time interval between the first cardiac event and LCSD and the follow-up period after LCSD were similar (5.6 +/- 6.1 versus 5.9 +/- 5.7 years). The mean age of the patients at surgery was 20 +/- 13 years. LCSD was followed by highly significant (p less than 0.0001) decreases in the number of patients with cardiac events (from 99% to 45%), in the number of cardiac events per patient (from 22 +/- 32 to 1 +/- 3), and in the number of patients with five or more cardiac events (from 71% to 10%). There were seven sudden deaths (8%), and the 5-year survival rate was 94%. The marked reduction in the incidence of tachyarrhythmic syncope suggests that LCSD has also reduced the risk for sudden death in this high-risk population.The present findings demonstrate that for LQTS patients who continue with syncope or cardiac arrest despite the use of beta-blockers, LCSD is a very effective therapy.
Layer-Specific Quantification of Myocardial Deformation by Strain Echocardiography May Reveal Significant CAD in Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Sebastian I. Sarvari, Kristina H. Haugaa, Wasim Zahid, Bjørn Bendz, Svend Aakhus, Lars Aaberge, Thor Edvardsen
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Correlation of Development of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis to Previous Infections in Chinese and Hispanic Immigrant Populations Residing in Brooklyn
Authors: Irina Katayeva, Maria-Anna Vastardi, Haijun Yao, Daniel Puebla-Neira, Kobkul Chotikanatis, Jeremy Weedon, Helen G. Durkin, Stephan Kohlhoff, Rauno Joks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Tumor-Specific Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Patients: [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose and Beyond
Authors: David A. Mankoff, Janet F. Eary, Jeanne M. Link, Mark Muzi, Joseph G. Rajendran, Alexander M. Spence, Kenneth A. Krohn
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Biochemical and molecular imaging of cancer using positron emission tomography (PET) plays an increasing role in the care of cancer patients. Most clinical work to date uses the glucose analogue [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to detect accelerated and aberrant glycolysis present in most tumors. Although clinical FDG PET has been used largely to detect and localize cancer, more detailed studies have yielded biological insights and showed the utility of FDG as a prognostic marker and as a tool for therapeutic response evaluation. As cancer therapy becomes more targeted and individualized, it is likely that PET radiopharmaceuticals other than FDG, aimed at more specific aspects of cancer biology, will also play a role in guiding cancer therapy. Clinical trials designed to test and validate new PET agents will need to incorporate rigorous quantitative image analysis and adapt to the evolving use of imaging as a biomarker and will need to incorporate cancer outcomes, such as survival into study design.
Excessivein vitro bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced production of monokines in cirrhosis
Authors: Jacques Devière, Jean Content, Chantal Denys, Paul Vandenbussche, Liliane Schandene, Joseph Wybran, Etienne Dupont
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The objective of this study was to analyze monokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified monocytes from these patients to produce tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6 was investigated. Spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 and interleukin 1β was similar in cirrhotic and healthy subjects, but serum levels of interleukin 6 (&lt;2 U/ml vs. 9.5 ± 3 U/ml) and tumor necrosis factor α (3.1 ± 1.2 pg/ml vs. 12.0 ± 1.2 pg/ml) were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients. However, peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified monocytes from patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, stimulated in vitro with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, displayed a marked increase of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 secretions compared with healthy controls. A striking feature of this overproduction was its reversibility as assessed by allowing cells to rest in vitro without lipopolysaccharide for 1 to 7 days before stimulation. In such conditions, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 secretions declined to levels present in healthy subjects in whom production remained stable, whereas interleukin 1β secretion markedly decreased in both groups to the point where no difference could be seen. This reversible oversecretion of cytokines after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, along with the lack of abnormality of spontaneous cytokine secretion, suggests that monocytes in these patients may have undergone an in vivo activation process analogous to a priming phenomenon. The in vitro activation with lipopolysaccharide may represent the correlate of in vivo endotoxemia observed during acute events such as sepsis. This might lead–possibly through the recognized cytopathic and cytotoxic effects of excessive production of monokines–to the decompensation of the underlying liver disease. Monokine oversecretion may also play a role in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of the disease and may be associated with clinical and biological features of cirrhosis such as cachexia, muscle wasting and hypergammaglobulinemia.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:628:634.)
STUDIES ON PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: Chien Liu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

A factor present in fresh normal human or guinea pig serum enhances the primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) antibody titers in serological reaction with its homologous virus as tested by indirect fluorescent antibody staining. This factor is not properdin. It has many properties similar to complement but may not be identical with complement. The addition of this enhancement factor to human sera convalescent from primary atypical pneumonia has made the serological test more sensitive without affecting its specificity.
The metabolism of apolipoproteins (a) and B-100 within plasma lipoprotein (a) in human beings
Authors: Jennifer L. Jenner, Leo J. Seman, John S. Millar, Stefania Lamon-Fava, Francine K. Welty, Gregory G. Dolnikowski, Santica M. Marcovina, Alice H. Lichtenstein, P. Hugh R. Barrett, Carl deLuca, Ernst J. Schaefer
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Rapid weight loss in children.
Authors: C G Brook, J K Lloyd, O H Wolff
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Fibre and Irritable Bowels SIR,-I read with interest your leading article (1 June, p. 457) which referred to recent work on this disorder.I had just completed a survey of most of the medical journals of Africa south of the Sahara from 1960 to 1974 and had found no mention of this disease in Africans.In 1960 I had suggested as a tentative hypothesis that the rarity of non-infective colonic diseases in Africans was due to diets which contained large amounts of fibre-rich starchy carbo- hydrate.This may be called the "fibre hypothesis," those words being employed at that time.There appeared to be rarity of constipation, irritable bowel disease, diverti- cular disease, appendicitis, ulcerative colitis, haemorrhoids, polyps, and carcinoma of the large bowel and rectum.1The position does not seem to have changed much in the intervening 14 years.My clinical obsetrvations, based on some 30 years' medical ex- perience in East Africa, have been considerably amplified by my Uganda colleague, Mr. Denis Burkitt, and the studies of Mr. Neil Painter.There is a possibility that irritable bowel disease often precedes diverticular disease.It is therefore of interest that we are presenting shortly much new information, necropsy, radiological, and clinical, concern- ing the great rarity of diverticular disease in many countries in Africa and Asia.2At medical 'boards I had frequently retired European government officials for incurable irritable bowel disease, having satisfied my- self that no significant and detectable tropical infection was present.In 1960 I could not remember ever having diagnosed an African as having suffered from irritable bowel disease so I suggested that a placid tempera- ment and high-carbohydrate diets rich in dietary fibre protected them against oonsti-
New Strategies for Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors in the Era of Targeted Therapy
Authors: Mei Dong, Alexandria T. Phan, James C. Yao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Low- to intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumor (NET) constitutes a group of indolent malignancies that share the capacity for secreting hormones and neuroamines. Until recently, there were few therapeutic options for oncologic control. The PROMID study showed that octreotide long-acting repeatable formulation can delay tumor growth in midgut NETs. And, recent phase III studies showed both everolimus and sunitinib improved progression-free survival in pancreatic NETs, validating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway and angiogenesis as important targets for further advances. Ongoing and planned pivotal studies targeting these pathways in other NET subtypes may widen their therapeutic application. Development of rational combinations may further improve therapeutic outcome. These successes and our improved understanding of the underlying molecular biology are likely to lead to further important advances on the horizon.
Does agomelatine have a place in the treatment of depression?
Authors: G. Ambresin, J. Gunn
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Only as an alternative second line therapy for those with severe symptoms

Depression is mainly managed in primary care,1 2 and antidepressant medication is the most common treatment used in this setting in the developed world.3 Current clinical guidelines recommend that primary care doctors consider prescribing antidepressants for adults with major depressive disorder and dysthymia.4 5 Recent research suggests that the efficacy of antidepressants may have been overestimated because of publication bias—the tendency for positive trials to have a higher likelihood of publication than negative trials.6 7 While some criticism remains about the analytical techniques used, in particular by Kirsch et al,8 the balance of evidence does support the view that the benefits of these agents have been overestimated and further suggests that they are more effective for people with severe depressive disorder and less effective for those with mild to moderate depressive disorder.

These findings have important implications for primary care, where most depression is managed, and paves the way for research into new and more effective treatments. Agomelatine, which acts via the melatonergic system, has been promoted as an alternative to second generation antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors) with a different side effect profile. …
77 VIRAL LOADS CORRELATE WITH MILD SUPPRESSION OF THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING IN THE LIVER OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS
Authors: J.-H. Bockmann, M. Lütgehetmann, T. Volz, A. Köpke, A.W. Lohse, J. Petersen, M. Dandri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Erratum to “Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptors are involved in human liver fibrosis by action on hepatic myofibroblasts motility” [J Hepatol 2011; 54: 1205–1213]
Authors: Changyong Li, Sujun Zheng, Hong You, Xihong Liu, Minghua Lin, Lin Yang, Liying Li
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Beta-adrenergic stimulation of adenine nucleotide catabolism and purine release in human adipocytes.
Authors: H Kather
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on ATP utilization and adenine nucleotide breakdown in human adipocytes were examined. The catecholamine-induced increase in cAMP was associated with an enhancement of adenine nucleotide catabolism resulting in an increase in release of inosine and hypoxanthine which can not be reutilized for adenine nucleotide synthesis. Therefore, one-third of total cellular adenine nucleotides were irreversibly lost in the presence of 1 mumol/liter isoproterenol. The catecholamine-induced increase in purine release could be blocked by phosphodiesterase inhibitors, suggesting that cAMP is the main precursor of purines in the presence of beta-adrenergic agonists. However, epinephrine (in the simultaneous presence of the alpha 2-adrenergic blocking agent, yohimbine) and isoproterenol were 10 times more potent in stimulating purine release than in elevating cAMP. In addition, purine release ceased when cAMP was still markedly increased, suggesting a compartmentation of the cyclic nucleotide and/or involvement of the hormone-sensitive, low Km cAMP phosphodiesterase. The results document that white fat cells have an enormous potential for dissipating energy, and demonstrate that the pathway involving cAMP formation and hydrolysis constitutes the principle route of adenine nucleotide catabolism in the presence of beta-adrenergic agonists.
Abstract 3421: Differential potentiation of temozolomide and camptothecin by the PARP inhibitors olaparib and veliparib in relationship with their PARP-DNA trapping abilities, and lack of impact of PARP inhibitors on cisplatin activity.
Authors: Yves G. Pommier, Junko Murai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We recently showed that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors act by a novel allosteric mechanism of action that involves the trapping of PARP-DNA complexes in addition to their previously established NAD-competitive catalytic inhibitory mechanism). We also demonstrated that PARP inhibitors differ in their ability to trap PARP-DNA complexes, with olaparib being more effective than veliparib in spite of their comparable potency as catalytic PARP inhibitors). Here, by using PARP knockout cells, olaparib and veliparib, we tested the role of PARP trapping in the potentiating effect of PARP inhibitors with the alkylating agent temozolomide and the topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin. Using isogenic chicken DT40 cells, we show that PARP-dependent potentiation of temozolomide is markedly greater for olaparib than veliparib, and goes beyond knocking out PARP-1. On the other hand, in the case of camptothecin, knocking out PARP-1 has a greater effect than veliparib or olaparib. In human DU145 prostate cancer and SF295 glioblastoma cells, olaparib is markedly more potent than veliparib in potentiating the cytotoxicity of temozolomide whereas both olaparib and veliparib are almost comparable in the case of camptothecin. By measuring cellular PARP-DNA complexes), we find that in the case of temozolomide, olaparib is a least 10-fold more potent than veliparib at trapping PARP-DNA complexes. On the other hand, in the case of camptothecin, neither olaparib nor veliparib produced detectable trapping of PARP-DNA complexes. Finally, olaparib fails to sensitize DT40, DU145 or SF295 cells to cisplatin and does not induce detectable PARP-DNA complexes in cisplatin-treated cells. These results suggest that, in the case of temozolomide, olaparib trapping of PARP-DNA complexes is more toxic than inactivating PARP catalytic activity, which is not the case for topoisomerase I-induced DNA damage, where catalytic inactivation of PARP appears to be the sole enhancing mechanism. Citation Format: Yves G. Pommier, Junko Murai. Differential potentiation of temozolomide and camptothecin by the PARP inhibitors olaparib and veliparib in relationship with their PARP-DNA trapping abilities, and lack of impact of PARP inhibitors on cisplatin activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3421. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3421