tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Visits by Children and Adolescents for Antipsychotic Drug Adverse Events
Authors: Lee M. Hampton, Matthew Daubresse, Hsien-Yen Chang, G. Caleb Alexander, Daniel S. Budnitz
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Emergency Department Visits by Children and Adolescents for Antipsychotic Drug Adverse EventsThe per capita number of outpatient visits in which an antipsychotic drug was supplied or prescribed increased approximately 660% among children and 380% among adolescents between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s in the United States, 1 prompting concerns about possible inappropriate prescribing.The most recent revisions to the DSM-5 were intended in part to decrease inappropriate child and adolescent antipsychotic drug use, 2 and the American Psychiatric Association has warned against using antipsychotics as first-line therapy in children and adolescents for conditions other than psychotic disorders. 3To quantify acute harms from child and adolescent antipsychotic drug use, we estimated the numbers and rates of US emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for adverse drug events (ADEs) from therapeutic use of antipsychotics and comparator psychotropic medications among children 10 years or younger and adolescents 11 to 18 years.Methods | We used the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance (NEISS-CADES) system to estimate child and adolescent US ADE ED visits from antipsychotics, antidepressants, and stimulants available only by prescription (2009-2011) and estimated child and adolescent outpatient prescription visits using the National Ambulatory Medical Care and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (2009-2010). [4]5][6] We excluded ADE ED visits resulting from therapeutic failures, nonadherence, drug withdrawal, and nontherapeutically intentioned use (intentional self-harm, drug abuse, or unsupervised ingestions) or involving ADEs that led to a patient's death in or before arrival at the ED.We also calculated the annual number of ADE ED visits per 10 000 outpatient visits at which each medication was prescribed.We classified medications as antipsychotics, antidepressants, or stimulants; categorized adverse effects; and calculated 95% CIs as described by Hampton et al. 4 The human participant oversight bodies of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Food and Drug Administration determined the methods and analyses in
ABC of sports medicine.: 2nd ed. Eds M Harries, G McLatchie, C Williams, J King. (Pp 129; pound18.95.) BMA House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR: BMJ Books, 2000. ISBN 0-7279- 1366-2.
Authors: Faith Gardner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Bone density in elderly womenEDITOR,-In the article by Rhodes et al 1 "EVects of one year of resistance training on the relation between muscular strength and bone density in elderly women", I was surprised to see no mention of HRT status in the women in the trial.Given the relatively small number of women taking part, surely this is quite an important variable?
Blood lead level and dental caries in school-age children.
Authors: Allison Gemmel, Mary Tavares, Susan Alperin, Jennifer Soncini, David Daniel, Julie Dunn, Sybil Crawford, Norman Braveman, Thomas W Clarkson, Sonja McKinlay, David C Bellinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The association between blood lead level and dental caries was evaluated in cross-sectional analyses of baseline data for 543 children 6-10 years old screened for enrollment in the Children's Amalgam Trial, a study designed to assess potential health effects of mercury in silver fillings. Approximately half of the children were recruited from an urban setting (Boston/Cambridge, MA, USA) and approximately half from a rural setting (Farmington, ME, USA). Mean blood lead level was significantly greater among the urban subgroup, as was the mean number of carious tooth surfaces. Blood lead level was positively associated with number of caries among urban children, even with adjustment for demographic and maternal factors and child dental practices. This association was stronger in primary than in permanent dentition and stronger for occlusal, lingual, and buccal tooth surfaces than for mesial or distal surfaces. In general, blood lead was not associated with caries in the rural subgroup. The difference between the strength of the associations in the urban and rural settings might reflect the presence of residual confounding in the former setting, the presence of greater variability in the latter setting in terms of important caries risk factors (e.g., fluoride exposure), or greater exposure misclassification in the rural setting. These findings add to the evidence supporting a weak association between children's lead exposure and caries prevalence. A biologic mechanism for lead cariogenicity has not been identified, however. Our data are also consistent with residual confounding by factors associated with both elevated lead exposure and dental caries.
Calcium depletion in rabbit myocardium. Calcium paradox protection by hypothermia and cation substitution.
Authors: T L Rich, G A Langer
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The purpose of this study was to define further the basis of control of myocardial membrane permeability by further examination of the "calcium paradox." To this end, the protective effect of hypothermia and addition of micromolar amounts of divalent cations during the Ca-free perfusion period were studied. Damage during Ca++ repletion to the isolated arterially perfused, interventricular rabbit septum was assessed by contracture development, loss of developed tension, and loss of 42K and creatine kinase. Progressive hypothermia prolongs the time of Ca-free perfusion needed to cause similar 42K, creatine kinase and developed tension losses upon Ca++ repletion. Complete protection against the Ca-paradox after 30-60 minutes Ca-free perfusion is seen at 18 degree C. The inclusion of 50 microM Ca++ during 30 minutes "Ca-free" perfusion also provides complete protection during Ca++ repletion i.e., there was full mechanical recovery with no 42K or creatine kinase loss. Other divalent cations perfused in 50 microM concentrations during the Ca-free period exhibited variable ability to protect when Ca++ was reperfused. The order of effectiveness (Ca++ greater than Cd++ greater than Mn++ greater than Co++ greater than Mg++) was related to the crystal ionic radius, with those cations whose radii are closest to that of Ca++ (0.99 A) exerting the greatest protective effect. The cation sequence for effectiveness in Ca-paradox protection is the same sequence for potency of excitation-contraction uncoupling. The mechanism of hypothermic protection is likely a phase transition in the membrane lipids (from a more liquid to a less liquid state) which stabilizes membrane structure and preserves Ca++ permeability characteristics during the Ca-free period. The mechanism of protection via cation addition is perhaps a cation's ability to substitute for Ca++ (dependent on unhydrated crystal ionic radius) at critical sarcolemmal binding sites to preserve control of Ca++ permability during the Ca-free period.
Waiting for a disaster to happen
Authors: H Needham-Bennett, I Cumming
Journal: BMJ (1995)

I unlock the door to the ward each morning and experience the same mixture of emotions and feelings as I did on the first day—disgust, despair, and nausea. I try to walk about 20 metres which will take me to the relative sanctuary of my office. In doing so I pass several cells. Out of some the prisoners watch me and into some I peer. The stench of the slop out and unwashed humanity hangs in the air. In the first cell there is a naked and contorted body lying on the floor next to a torn mattress; faeces are daubed on the wall and food lies underfoot. From the next, a face appears at the hatch: “Hey Doc, when are you going to get me out of here?” I avoid his eye contact, knowing that all our conversations end in threatened violence. In the next a man in strip conditions paces, mumbling to himself and occasionally shouting at his private demons. I hurry my pace and again ignore a question asked from a young, intellectually retarded man charged with rape. “When's my mum coming to see me?”

This somewhat melodramatic account is not taken from some historical archive but represents my own experience of working as a psychiatrist in a prison hospital. Actually, that is not entirely true and therein lies the problem—it is not a hospital, it is a prison health care centre.

Prisoners cannot be treated against their will in the prison system, except urgent treatment given under common law. That crucial difference denies insightless psychotic men the opportunity of treatment, even when they have been found guilty of an offence, even when the diagnosis is not in doubt, and even when they are awaiting transfer to hospital on a section of the Mental Health Act made …
Rubella in Naval Recruits
Authors: A. D. Heggie, F. C. Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE procedures for isolation and identification of the rubella virus, reported by Parkman, Buescher and Artenstein1 and Weiler and Neva,2 make possible precise definition of the disease and invite investigations to correlate its natural course and epidemiology with laboratory observations. Through the co-operation of Naval Medical Research Unit No. 4 it was possible to study 34 naval recruits with rubella at the United States Naval Training Center, Great Lakes, Illinois, where the disease is endemic.Materials and MethodsRecruits exhibiting a rubelliform rash, a total peripheral leukocyte count of less than 10,000 and a throat culture negative for beta-hemolytic streptococci . . .
Late Results of Closed Intrapleural Pneumolysis
Authors: P. W. Edwards, A. C. Penman, J. Logan
Journal: BMJ (1944)

The difficulties of statistical evaluation of artificial pneumo thorax treatment are well known. It is now recognized that crude statistics such as those of Drolet (1943) and Soderstrom (1941)?which do not take account of the effectiveness of the collapse?are weighted against pneumothorax by the inclusion of a large proportion of cases in which the A.P. was either useless or positively harmful* (Rafferty, 1943). The late results of pneumothorax treatment depend largely on the efficiency of the collapse obtained (Hjaltested and T?rning, 1939 ; Jennings et al., 1940), and since it has been shown that it is possible, by the use of internal pneumolysis, to improve the collapse in a large proportion of pneumothoraces (Edwards and Lynn, 1939 ; Wollaston, 1940), it seems to us that for the efficient practice of pneumothorax treatment this operation should be readily available and should be freely used when indicated.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1: An Epithelial Tumor Suppressor Essential to Prevent Spontaneous Prostate Cancer in Aged Mice
Authors: Raleigh D. Kladney, Robert D. Cardiff, David J. Kwiatkowski, Gary G. Chiang, Jason D. Weber, Jeffrey M. Arbeit, Zhi Hong Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway regulates mammalian cell growth, survival, and motility and plays a major pathogenetic role in human prostate cancer (PCa). However, the oncogenic contributions downstream of the PI3K pathway made by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated cell growth signal transduction in PCa have yet to be elucidated in detail. Here, we engineered constitutive mTORC1 activation in prostate epithelium by a conditional genetic deletion of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1), a potent negative regulator of mTORC1 signaling. Epithelial inactivation was not immediately tumorigenic, but Tsc1-deficient mice developed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) in lateral and anterior prostates by 6 months of age, with increasing disease penetrance over time. Lateral prostate lesions in 16- to 22-month-old mutant mice progressed to two types of more advanced lesions, adenomatous gland forming lesion (Type 1) and atypical glands embedded in massively expanded reactive stroma (Type 2). Both Type 1 and Type 2 lesions contained multiple foci of microinvasive carcinoma. Epithelial neoplastic and atypical stromal lesions persisted despite 4 weeks of RAD001 chemotherapy. Rapalogue resistance was not due to AKT or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation. Expression of the homeobox gene Nkx3.1 was lost in Tsc1-deficient mPIN, and it cooperated with TSC1 loss in mPIN initiation in doubly mutant Tsc1:Nkx3.1 prostatic epithelial knockout mice. Thus, TSC1 inactivation distal to PI3K and AKT activation is sufficient to activate a molecular signaling cascade producing prostatic neoplasia and focal carcinogenesis.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Annual Rate of Transvenous Defibrillation Lead Defects in Cardioverter-Defibrillators Over a Period of >10 Years”
Authors: Thomas Kleemann, Torsten Becker, Klaus Doenges, Margit Vater, Jochen Senges, Steffen Schneider, Werner Saggau, Udo Weisse, Karlheinz Seidl
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Green Tea Consumption and Mortality in Japan
Authors: Sin Hang Lee
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
From the Lab Into the World: A Pill for People, Pets, and Bugs
Authors: Bernard A. Eskin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In<i>From the Lab Into the World</i>, Professor Carl Djerassi provides a potpourri of essays on topics ranging from scientific values to artistic philanthropies, all part of his varied interests. Two thirds of the book centers on birth control with in-depth perceptions mostly written at a time when this topic was escalating in importance. The industry was focused on improving effectiveness while reducing the drawbacks of the birth control pill in the United States. Particularly compelling are Djerassi's discussions of who should be credited for the discovery of oral contraceptives. Is it the chemist, Djerassi himself, who discovered the compounds, or the biomedical theorists who delineated physiological functions in women, or the clinicians who provided the medical trials and results? This and other pithy conundrums are brought to light and described by a judiciously opinionated author. All the hair-shirt arguments, such as academia vs business vs government, scientists and the
Lymph-Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Murray F. Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In this issue of the Journal, Bonenkamp et al.1 report the results of a Dutch trial in which 711 patients with gastric cancer were randomly assigned to gastrectomy with either a limited (D1) lymph-node dissection (380 patients) or an extended (D2) lymph-node dissection (331 patients). The concept of extended lymph-node dissection was developed five decades ago, and there are claims based on historical data that extended surgical resection, especially extended lymph-node dissection, improves the outcome in gastric cancer.2 The procedure has lost favor, however, because of excessive morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, it has continued to be the standard approach used . . .
Gene expression profiling of the ageing rat vibrissa follicle
Authors: C-L. Yang, T. Kurczab, G. Down, T. Kealey, K. Langlands
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Gene expression profiling of the ageing rat vibrissa follicle Get access C‐L. Yang, C‐L. Yang Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hill's Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Kurczab, T. Kurczab Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham MK18 1EG, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Down, G. Down Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hill's Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Kealey, T. Kealey Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hill's Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, U.KClore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham MK18 1EG, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Langlands K. Langlands Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hill's Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, U.KClore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham MK18 1EG, U.K Kenneth Langlands. E‐mail: kenneth.langlands@buckingham.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 1, 1 July 2005, Pages 22–28, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06550.x Published: 01 July 2005 Article history Accepted: 17 October 2004 Published: 01 July 2005
Lecture on Sympathetic Inflammation of the Eyeball, and its Treatment by Operation
Authors: H. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1860)

Erroneous Observations connected wvith the Presence of Fatty Matter in Urine.Numerous other instances, in which fat has been said to have been passed in considerable quantity, are on record; but there can be little doubt that, in many of these cases, the clhemical characters of the substance suipposed to be fatty were not carefully ascertained.There is reason to believe that the iridescent pellicle, which really consists principally of fungi, vibriones, and crystals of triple phosphate, from its general resemblance to a tlhin film of oily matter, was mistaken for fat.-Many practitioners have been deceived in consequence of the admnixture of milk with urine.This is not an uncom- mon practice, and( we should be very careful not to be misled by impositions of this kind.It is hardly credible what trouble some patients will take to deceive us; and very often deception
The Use of Genetic Markers to Determine Risk for Prostate Cancer at Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Robert K. Nam, William W. Zhang, Michael A.S. Jewett, John Trachtenberg, Laurence H. Klotz, Marjan Emami, Linda Sugar, Joan Sweet, Ants Toi, Steven A. Narod
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: We examined a panel of 13 polymorphisms in 13 different genes to determine whether specific genotypes can help predict prostate cancer at the time of biopsy among men prescreened with prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal exam. Experimental Design: We examined 2,088 consecutive men who were referred for prostate biopsy from 1997 to 2003. Thirteen genes were examined, including TNF308, GSTT1, KLK2, endostatin, MCRA, MCRV, tyrosinase, MSR1, CHK2, RNasel, HOGG1-326, HOGG1-11657, and HRAS1. Odds ratio for detection of prostate cancer were adjusted for age, race, prostate-specific antigen, digital rectal exam, family history of prostate cancer, and urinary symptoms. Results: Of the 2,088 men, 996 (47.7%) had cancer detected. Four genes (TNF308, GSTT1, KLK2, and HOGG1-326) were significantly associated with prostate cancer. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer for patients with the AA genotype of the TNF308 gene was 1.92 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.0-1.5, P = 0.05], compared with those with the GG genotype, and for patients with the TT genotype of the KLK2 gene, the OR was 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.2, P = 0.04), compared with the CC genotype. The OR for patients with a homozygous deletion of the GSTT1 gene was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.6-1.0, P = 0.06) compared with those with the deletion, and the OR for patients with the GG genotype of the HOGG1-326 gene was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.5-1.0, P = 0.05) compared with the CC genotype. Patients who had all four alleles that were positively associated with prostate cancer had an OR of 9.33 (95% CI, 2.4-35.8, P = 0.0005) for prostate cancer compared with patients with alleles that were negatively associated with prostate cancer. Conclusions: Of the 13 polymorphisms, two were found to be positively associated with prostate cancer (TNF308 and KLK2) and two were negatively associated with prostate cancer (GSTT1 and HOGG1-326). Future studies are required to confirm these results.
Safety of Bolus vs Infusion Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: James F. Graumlich
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal