tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conditional tetracycline-regulated expression of TGF-β1 in liver of transgenic mice leads to reversible intermediary fibrosis
Authors: Elke Ueberham, Rainer Löw, Uwe Ueberham, Kai Schönig, Hermann Bujard, Rolf Gebhardt
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Based on the tetracycline-regulated gene expression system, a double-transgenic mouse model for liver fibrosis was established in which the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) can be regulated deliberately by addition or removal of doxycycline hydrochloride to the drinking water. TGF-beta1 plasma levels in induced double-transgenic mice reached values ranging from 250 to 1,200 ng/mL, being 10 to 30 times above the normal plasma levels. By applying a cyclic induction-deinduction protocol, deleterious effects of the high plasma TGF-beta1 levels were overcome. By using this protocol, liver fibrosis occurred within a few cycles and progressed further to an intermediary fibrosis when cyclic induction was continued. On histochemical staining, a marked perisinusoidal deposition of extracellular matrix was detected accompanied by the activation of hepatic stellate cells as shown by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression. Apoptosis of hepatocytes was prominent in TGF-beta1 high producers, leading to a decreasing number of TGF-beta1-expressing cells with time. No compensatory proliferation of hepatocytes could be detected. In advanced stages, fibrogenesis could be stopped by switching off TGF-beta1 production and reversal of fibrosis could be shown by (immuno)histochemistry within 6 to 21 days. Determination of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of procollagen I and III, laminin (B1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9, and -13, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provided insight into some mechanistic details of the fibrogenic process and its reversal. In conclusion, this model will enable the analysis of fibrogenesis at progressive stages and help in elucidating the cellular changes during development and regression of liver fibrosis caused by elevated TGF-beta1 expression.
Skin Signs in AIDS: Textbook of AIDS/HIV Infection—Related Dermatology
Authors: Keyoumars Soltani
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our understanding of the pathogenesis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its broad range of manifestations, the newest yet most dangerous epidemic disorder plaguing mankind, is still evolving. Among the numerous specific and secondary symptoms of the disease, dermatologic manifestations stand high on the list and can alert the clinician to the proper diagnosis. Although these symptoms are readily recognized by dermatologists, physicians in other disciplines may overlook some of the more subtle cutaneous changes. In this book, Drs Weismann et al provide the reader with a brief atlas of the specific as well as nonspecific cutaneous findings in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. There are two introductory chapters defining AIDS and AIDS-related complex, as well as human immunodeficiency virus—related skin disease, a useful background for the subject matter in ensuing chapters. The remainder of the book contains short chapters with brief descriptions of the various types of
The Relationship of Uric Acid to the Clinical Manifestations of Gout.
Authors: J. E. Seegmiller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962The Relationship of Uric Acid to the Clinical Manifestations of Gout.J. E. Seegmiller, M.D., R. R. Howell, M.D.J. E. Seegmiller, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. R. Howell, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-677_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe deposition of tophi in gout has long been recognized to be a consequence of the sparing solubility of sodium urate in body fluids. On the other hand, the precise way in which uric acid might be related to the acute attack of gouty arthritis has been poorly understood. The failure to produce acute attacks of gouty arthritis by the intravenous infusion or the intra-articular injection of urate solutions has led many to doubt seriously that uric acid per se has anything to do with the acute attack of gouty arthritis.We have found no significant response to the intra-articular... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Md. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByACUTE GOUT—UNSOLVED 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 677-678KeywordsArthritisBody fluidsGoutUric acid Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Omental Transposition in the Control of Chronic Lymphedema
Authors: Harry S. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Chronic lymphedema of an extremity has persisted over the years as an unsolved surgical problem. The multiple operations that have been attempted for this condition indicate a continued search for an ideal procedure. Lymphedema appears to be the result of lymphatic flow obstruction in association with varying degrees of venous blockage.<sup>1</sup>Successful treatment of lymphedema would therefore require the introduction of new lymphatic and venous channels into an involved extremity in order to bypass the area of lymphatic and venous obstruction. A new one-stage operation has been devised whereby the omentum, with its rich lymphatic and vascular supply, is used to bridge discontinuity in the lymphatic system of a lymphedematous extremity. In order to test the technical feasibility of mobilizing the omentum for long distances, ten dogs had their omentum fashioned into a pedicle graft with preservation of the gastroepiploic arcade. The length of the omentum was extended so
Mental Illness and Firearm Violence
Authors: Jeffrey Swanson, Allison R. Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
VALIDATION OF ISOTROPIC CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM MEASUREMENTS USING 320-DETECTOR ROW CT AGAINST INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND WITH RADIOFREQUENCY BACKSCATTER
Authors: Abinashi Dhungel, Zhen Qian, Sarah Rinehart, Kunal Bhatt, Wassim Odeh, Jesus Gustavo, Vazquez Figueroa, Michael Weeks, Szilard Voros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Removable Intracranial Tumors
Authors: Charles B. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This monograph's title and the reputation of its author were at once inviting. The small size and reasonable price further suggested something suitable for assigned reading by students and junior house staff. The book proved to be disappointing on all counts. If for no reason other than to explain exactly what the author means by "removable," this book needs an introduction. In chapter 1, "Neurological Examination," 33 of 34 pages are devoted to the cranial nerves, a remarkably unbalanced account even if one could justify inclusion of such material in a monograph on brain tumors. Chapter 2 covers "Investigations." Few neurosurgeons would agree that biopsy or craniotomy may be undertaken on the basis of a positive radioisotope brain scan without further investigation. The description of "standard carotid angiography" (four lateral and three anteroposterior exposures after common carotid injection with the patient under general anesthesia) is out of date and unnecessarily
Nimbolide targets BCL2 and induces apoptosis in preclinical models of Waldenströms macroglobulinemia
Authors: K Chitta, A Paulus, T R Caulfield, S Akhtar, M-KK Blake, S Ailawadhi, J Knight, M G Heckman, A Pinkerton, A Chanan-Khan
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Neem leaf extract (NLE) has medicinal properties, which have been attributed to its limonoid content. We identified the NLE tetranorterpenoid, nimbolide, as being the key limonoid responsible for the cytotoxicity of NLE in various preclinical models of human B-lymphocyte cancer. Of the models tested, Waldenströms macroglobulinemia (WM) cells were most sensitive to nimbolide, undergoing significant mitochondrial mediated apoptosis. Notably, nimbolide toxicity was also observed in drug-resistant (bortezomib or ibrutinib) WM cells. To identify putative targets of nimbolide, relevant in WM, we used chemoinformatics-based approaches comprised of virtual in silico screening, molecular modeling and target–ligand reverse docking. In silico analysis revealed the antiapoptotic protein BCL2 was the preferential binding partner of nimbolide. The significance of this finding was further tested in vitro in RS4;11 (BCL2-dependent) tumor cells, in which nimbolide induced significantly more apoptosis compared with BCL2 mutated (Jurkat BCL2Ser70-Ala) cells. Lastly, intraperitoneal administration of nimbolide in WM tumor xenografted mice, significantly reduced tumor growth and IgM secretion in vivo, while modulating the expression of several proteins as seen on immunohistochemistry. Overall, our data demonstrate that nimbolide is highly active in WM cells, as well as other B-cell cancers, and engages BCL2 to exert its cytotoxic activity.
Defining the New End Point for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment
Authors: Martin Stangel, Iris-Katharina Penner, Bernd C. Kieseier
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A NEW EYE PARTICLE REMOVER
Authors: Joseph B. Biederman
Journal: JAMA (1942)

All physicians have had many occasions to remove foreign bodies from the eye. At times it is difficult to find the particle, and a magnifying glass then becomes of great help in locating the foreign body. If the mass happens to consist of a metal which is capable of being magnetized, a magnet is used to loosen the particle before it is removed. A cotton swab is most frequently used to perform the mechanical removing. Sometimes a small portion of the cotton remains in the eye when the particle is removed. Cotton and handkerchiefs, when placed under the low power magnification of the microscope, are seen to have many rough projections that are capable of irritating the inflamed conjunctiva. My object in this report is to describe a new device which has been found extremely useful for the removal of foreign bodies from the eyes. The illustration shows this eye
Mites in House Dust in the Stockholm Area
Authors: Maria Turos
Journal: Allergy (1979)

Today there is no doubt that mites (and especially species within the Pyroglyphidae family: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae) are an important agent in dust allergies. The author reports on a study of the occurrence of mites in house dust in the environment of allergic persons in the Stockholm area. 201 private homes, 13 farmers' houses and two hospitals have been studied. In 12% of the homes several different types of mite were found in dust in relatively small numbers, while pyroglyphids occurred in only 1.5% of the dwellings. The frequency of mites in dust from farmers' homes was three times higher and that of pyroglyphids ten times higher than in other dwellings. Mites were most often found in floor dust and very infrequently in bed dust. All hospital beds were free from mites; in floor-dust samples from a hospital for long-term therapy several species of mite were found. The author draws the conclusion that the conditions of climate and humidity within the geographical area studied are adverse to the development of an allergologically significant mite population in indoor dust, but that small numbers may spread from potted plants, work premises and outdoor flora.
Diagnosis of Brain Death and Organ Donation
Authors: Owen S. Surman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Medical advances in the 20th century have left a long stretch of road between the hare of scientific technology and the tortoise of social policy. Enter the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association, which reported in abridged form "Decisions Near the End of Life."<sup>1</sup>The article suffers, as do others of this genre, by making no reference to the pressing need for cadaveric organs and the potential loss of such organs when conditions of brain death are precluded by decisions to curtail life-sustaining treatment. The case is made more poignant in Japan where solid-organ transplantation is unavailable from cadaver donors because brain death is not an accepted concept.<sup>2</sup>Brain death is an established entity in American medicine, but it will be more concept than reality as issues around brain death fail to evolve in our efforts toward compassionate and reasoned
An Extracorporeal Device for Hepatic Coma
Authors: Nathaniel P. Ching
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN THIS LABORATORY in 1958,<sup>1</sup>blood was first passed over ion exchange resins to lower hyperammonemia. It was noted that a column of the cation exchange resin Dowex 50 × 8 used by Walther<sup>2</sup>to decalcify blood would also remove ammonium. Laboratory studies on dogs with surgically induced, acute, hepatic ischemia showed this to be an effective and safe in vivo method of lowering blood ammonia. It was theorized that perfusion of blood over ion exchange resins might be a satisfactory method of treating the hyperammonemia of patients in hepatic coma. The first columns contained 50 gm Dowex 50 × 8, a cation exchange resin in the sodium cycle, in 12 cm × 3.5 cm hemorepellent vinylite plastic containers. Two such columns, used in parallel, were connected to the radial artery and antecubital vein. Blood flowed through the columns and returned to the vein under the force
THE PRESENT CONSIDERATION AND CARE OF THE COLON
Authors: JOHN A. LICHTY
Journal: JAMA (1931)

It is my purpose in this contribution to call attention more specifically to those functional disturbances of the large bowel which are frequently the cause of considerable concern to the patient, and annoyance to the attending physician. It is not my purpose, on the other hand, to discuss chronic ulcerative colitis. That condition is at present receiving intensive study, especially in the bacteriologic laboratory, and a voluminous, controversial literature is about the only definite result as yet. Among the functional disturbances of the bowels are certain irregularities due to an atonic condition at times or, again, to a spastic condition of the colon. With these disturbances of motility there are also secondary disturbances, and these together may gradually develop a mild irritative condition of the mucous membrane, with a production of stringy mucus, ordinarily called mucous colitis, and attributed to a neurogenic origin. There may gradually develop a more or
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: W. A. ALTEMEIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Phage type 29 Staphylococcus aureus was identified singly or with type 52 in 64.1% of 248 coded isolates from patients with toxic shock syndrome. These phage types also have a high capability of producing pyrogenic exotoxin C and enterotoxin F. The origin and development of these toxigenic strains were explored by studying 25 220 isolates of S. aureus stored in a staphylococcal bank between 1960 and 1979. A small percentage of phage types 29, 52 were found in I960, but their prevalence increased between 1961 and 1970, and continued at elevated levels through 1979. The toxigenic capabilities of these phage types were apparently acquired about 1971 and increased up to 1975. High levels of prevalence persisted during the following 4 years, and receded in 1980 and 1981. Other evidence during 1980 and 1981 indicates that these strains of S. aureus have become an important pathogen in surgical wounds, burns, and other infections.
Mesothelin Expression in Human Lung Cancer
Authors: Mitchell Ho, Tapan K. Bera, Mark C. Willingham, Masanori Onda, Raffit Hassan, David FitzGerald, Ira Pastan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate mesothelin as a new target for immunotherapy in lung cancer. Experimental Design: Mesothelin mRNA and protein expression were assessed by reverse transcription-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry in human lung cancer specimens. Expression was also characterized in human lung cancer cell lines by flow cytometry and immunoblotting. The SS1P immunotoxin specific for mesothelin was assessed for its cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cells. Results: We found that mesothelin mRNA was expressed in 83% of lung adenocarcinomas (10 of 12 patients). The mesothelin precursor protein was detected in 82% of lung adenocarcinoma (9 of 11 patients), and its mature form was detected in 55% (6 of 11 patients). Immunohistochemistry showed strong and diffuse mesothelin staining in human lung adenocarcinomas and weak or modest staining in squamous cell carcinomas. We detected mesothelin mRNA in 78% of lung cancer cell lines (7 of 9) of the NCI-60 cell line panel. Mesothelin mRNA and proteins were expressed at a high level in non–small cell lung cancer lines EKVX, NCI-H460, NCI-H322M, and NCI-H522. Flow cytometric analysis showed high surface expression of mesothelin in NCI-H322M and EKVX cell lines. Immunotoxin SS1P showed high cytotoxic activity on NCI-H322M and EKVX cells with IC50 values ranging from 2 to 5 ng/mL. Conclusions: Mesothelin is expressed on the surface of most lung adenocarcinoma cells. Immunotoxin SS1P is cytotoxic against mesothelin-expressing lung cancer cell lines and merits evaluation as a new therapeutic agent in treating non–small cell lung cancer.
TCTAP A-203 The “4S” Law for the Management of Iatrogenic Aortocoronary Dissection: Clinical Results and Importance of Immediate Bail-out Stenting
Authors: Shao-Ping Nie, Edmundo Patricio Lopes Lao, Xiao Wang, Yan Qiao, Chang-Sheng Ma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The World Bank and world health: Focus on South Asia---I: Bangladesh
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is the fourth in a series of six articles examining the World Bank's role in international health

The World Bank's policies may sound reassuring in Washington, but their true efficacy can be gauged only at country level. Each region (figure) offers differing challenges—from economic collapse in the Far East to economic infancy in central Asia; from perpetual poverty in Africa to the floundering aspirations of Latin America. Perhaps, of all regions, South Asia is the most enigmatic. Sri Lanka's healthcare system is relatively successful despite the ongoing civil war, whereas Nepal and Afghanistan lie at the other end of the spectrum. Somewhere in between—geographically, and in terms of health indicators—are Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.

A sixth of the world's population is crammed into what was, until partition in 1947, a single nation. Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan may have common cultures, but in their short, independent lives they have acquired distinct personalities which require differing approaches from the bank (table). In Bangladesh, approximately 35% of health sector funding of the government is coordinated through a large consortium of donors and aid agencies, headed by the bank. In India, specific disease control, health, population and family planning, and nutrition programmes are being increasingly linked through state-wide health reform programmes. In Pakistan, by contrast, lending for health is dependent on the government introducing institutional reforms. The regions within each of these countries can present equally diverse challenges.

Richard Skolnik, the bank's sector leader for health, nutrition, and population in South Asia, believes that the region is unique: “This region is especially important given the very large numbers of very poor people. Our aim over the long term would be to assist our client countries in establishing coherent, effective, and sustainable approaches to health.” Such approaches seem far off in an area that is …