tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of acute symptomatic hyponatraemia
Authors: D T H Paine
Journal: BMJ (1994)

and especially in KwaZulu, the Zulu homeland, we have an extreme shortage of medical staff.The KwaZulu Department of Health has divided itself into six regions, each of which contains about five wards centred on their own hospital.Specialists are based at the regional hospitals but are encouraged to visit the ward hospitals for teaching and to provide services.The ward hospitals are rural.Around each ward hospital is a network of residen- tial clinics staffed by nurses trained in primary health care.Patients with conditions beyond the nurses' competence are referred to the ward hos- pital for care.Rural hospitals are therefore very much part of the community, and a good rural physician can have considerable contact with the local people.Because the rural hospitals are up to 200 km
c-mpl mutations are the cause of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Matthias Ballmaier, Manuela Germeshausen, Harald Schulze, Klara Cherkaoui, Sabine Lang, Annika Gaudig, Stephanie Krukemeier, Martin Eilers, Gabriele Strauß, Karl Welte
Journal: Blood (2001)
TREATMENT OF DRUG ADDICTION
Authors: ALEXANDER LAMBERT
Journal: JAMA (1931)

To confine drug addiction only to the habitual use of opium derivatives is too narrow a conception. It is really the habitual use of any drug for the purpose of avoiding emotional strains of life. In its mildest form it is manifested by the habitual taking of the hypnotic group of drugs; in its more intense narcotic forms it is seen in the excessive use of alcohol or of the opium alkaloids. The causation is the same in all instances, the difference being only one of degree, the psychologic demand being for forgetfulness of life's worries, or even the obliteration of all consciousness to escape the misery and unhappiness of existence. It is immaterial whether custom and public opinion condone alcoholic drunkenness and condemn morphine addiction, the basic principle of causation for the two is the same. The mildest form of drug addiction to dodge the unhappiness and unsolved problems
A CASE OF CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON A PLEOMORPHIC DIPLOCOCCUS OBTAINED BY LUMBAR PUNCTURE
Authors: J. S. Darling, W. J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1907)

6zx2amo::T 433.-district there were fairly numerous sporadic cases of the -disease, in some of which I found the parasites of kalaazar, thus establishing the identity of this small outbreak ,with the more extensive ones already described.I have now completed my survey of the subject from the epidemiological point of view, having, treated it in -considerable detail, because I think the vast economic importance of these terrible spreading fevers is not yet -fully realized out of India, and that the necessity of 'clearly distinguishing between the epidemic and the sporadie forms of the disease cannot be too strongly insisted on.The two disastrous outbreaks I have de- scribed both occurred within the last half century, their tspread being conceivably assisted by improved com- munications in the affected tracts; antl, as it is impos- tsible to say when a fresh epidemic may be started, we amust be on our guard against them, for in no disease is it so true that knowledge is power, as I shall hope to show you in the course of my remaining lectures.
In Sickness and in Health: Social Dimensions of Medical Care
Authors: Alan P. Chesney
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The purpose of this volume, as stated by the authors, is "to make clear that rendering effective medical care requires more than technical competence and mastery of new biomedical knowledge. It also does and will require an understanding of the<i>social forces</i>that influence the acquisition of illness, the delivery and use of medical services, the scope of provider responsibilities, provider-provider and provider-patient interactions, patient outcomes in treatment, and the many ethical issues confronting medicine. It also will require a willingness to become socially and politically engaged in efforts to better the public's health." In addition, the authors identify means by which these goals can be achieved. The book is organized into three parts. Part 1 focuses on health maintenance, care seeking, and becoming a patient. It provides an excellent synthesis of the literature in these areas. Part 2 identifies major aspects of caring for and being a patient. This
Polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in sarcoidosis.
Authors: E Arbustini, M Grasso, G Leo, C Tinelli, R Fasani, M Diegoli, N Banchieri, A Cipriani, M Gorrini, G Semenzato, M Luisetti
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Sarcoidosis is the disease in which increased levels of serum Angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE) are most often detected. It has recently been shown that the deletion (D) or the insertion (I) of a 250bp-DNA fragment in the ACE gene accounts for three main ACE genotypes (i.e., II, ID, and DD) and for 47% of total phenotypic variance in sACE level. The aim of our work was to investigate whether or not patients with sarcoidosis have an increased incidence of those ACE genotypes coding for highest sACE levels and to investigate whether or not sACE level in sarcoidosis is related to ACE genotypes. We studied 61 unrelated patients with sarcoidosis (test group) and 80 unrelated healthy control subjects (control group). The ACE I and D alleles were detected with polymerase chain reaction on genomic DNA. In the control group we found an ACE genotype distribution that agreed with the Hardy-Weinberg proportion. The ACE genotype distribution was not significantly different in the test group. There was no correlation between ACE genotype and roentgenologic stage of sarcoidosis. Plotting the sACE level in the control group against ACE genotype, we found a trend of increasing mean sACE value according to the order II < ID < DD. The same trend for ACE genotype was found in the test group, in which it also paralleled the trend of sACE values plotted against roentgenologic stage, according to the order Stage I < Stage II < Stage III. We conclude that in sarcoidosis the ACE genotype distribution is not altered. The trends for increasing sACE values in sarcoidosis according to both ACE genotype and roentgenologic stage would suggest that both mechanisms play a role in determining sACE level.
Familial myelodysplastic syndrome with onset late in life
Authors: Katherine Marsden, David Challis, Roger Kimber
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

A family is described in which three, and possibly four members, namely, the propositus, two paternal uncles, and possibly his paternal grandfather, developed a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after the age of 60 years. This late onset resembles sporadic cases which are commoner in older age, rather than the previously reported familial cases most of whom have been children or young adults. The three affected members had megaloblastoid bone marrows with an increased proportion of bone marrow blasts and developed progressive bone marrow failure without leukemic transformation. The propositus showed a dramatic but temporary response to GM-CSF therapy but eventually became unresponsive with a marked increase in bone marrow reticulin and reduction in hemopoietic elements. Affected members had no recognisable bone marrow cytogenetic abnormality but the pattern of inheritance and similarity in clinical features suggest an inherited genetic defect which predisposes to the development of MDS.
TCTAP A-189 The Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring for Future Coronary Artery Events in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Takashi Miki, Satoru Sakuragi, keiji Yamada, Masafumi Tanimoto, Takashi Fujiwara, Hiroaki Otsuka, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Kenji Kawamoto, Machiko Tanakaya, Yusuke Katayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Myelomeningocele and Hydrocephalus
Authors: Robert E. Merrill, Thomas McCutchen, William F. Meacham, Theresa Carter
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Fifty infants with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele were treated comprehensively by a team of specialists. Patients were evaluated at death or the first birthday, whichever occurred first. Twenty patients died, 13 from bacterial infection. Thirteen of the survivors were classified as noncompetitive, that is, were thought to have a poor prognosis based on a developmental quotient of less than 80. Seventeen patients were judged competitive; in each case the latest developmental quotient was more than 79 and the urinary tract was not irreversibly decompensated. Developmental quotient was based on motor development, adaptive behavior, language development, and personal-social development. This report is a progress report in a longitudinal study. In comparison with a previously surveyed group the results seem encouraging: current data from 39 older patients followed 6 to 13 years shows 2 competitive survivors, 11 noncompetitive survivors, and 26 deaths.
Mummies, Disease, and Ancient Cultures
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This journal and others have reported on the use of today's medical equipment and techniques to study mummified human remains from cultures that have long since ceased to exist. For those readers who have found such reports to be fascinating, and for many who have yet to read these accounts, this book may provide a welcome opportunity to engage in some armchair archaeology and passive paleopathology. Contributors discuss mummies of Africa, Europe, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific, how (intentionally or accidentally) they came to be preserved, and what has been learned about their life, times, and diseases through radiological, chemical, serological, microscopic, and other scientific studies in recent months and years. Numerous helpful photographs and drawings are included. There is a lot of history, mystery, medicine, and human drama here. The chapters are interestingly written and well referenced for those who wish to pursue the subject. This is the
Skin reactivity and local cell recruitment in human atopic and nonatopic subjects by CCL2/MCP‐1 and CCL3/MIP‐1α
Authors: M. Gaga, Y.‐E. Ong, F. Benyahia, M. Aizen, J. Barkans, A. B. Kay
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP‐1/CCL2), the ligand for CCR2 and CCR5, and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α/CCL3), the ligand for CCR1 and CCR5, are potent chemo‐attractants in vitro and produce lesions in experimental animals, which resemble immediate and delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. CCL3 induces mononuclear cell and granulocyte infiltration in human atopic and nonatopic skin. Whether CCL2 (MCP‐1) has comparable activity in man is uncertain as is the capacity of both the chemokines to elicit immediate‐ and DTH‐like reactions in humans. Methods: Inflammatory cells were counted by immunohistochemistry in 24 and 48‐h skin biopsies from atopics and nonatopics after intradermal injection of CCL2 and CCL3. Immediate (15 min) wheals‐and‐flares and delayed (24 and 48 h) indurations were also recorded. Results: Both chemokines induced immediate‐ (15 min) and delayed (24 and 48 h) reactions, which were associated with significant infiltrations of CD68+ macrophages, CD3+, CD4+ (but not CD8+) T cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in biopsies from injection sites. CCL2, but not CCL3, also induced infiltration of basophils. Neither chemokine produced significant changes in the numbers of tryptase+ cutaneous mast cells. There were no differences in the pattern of skin reactivity or the numbers of infiltrating leukocytes in response to CCL2 and CCL3 between atopic and nonatopic subjects. In general, maximal infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed at the 24‐h, rather than the 48‐h, time point. Conclusions: CCL2 and CCL3 induce both immediate and delayed skin reactions in atopics and nonatopics, and evoke a similar profile of local T cell/macrophage and granulocyte recruitment which, in general, confirm previous in vitro findings and in vivo experimental animal data.
Praziquantel in the Treatment of Cysticercosis
Authors: Jay A. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article on cysticercosis in Los Angeles County documents 497 patients followed up over an 11-year period and underscores the need for heightened physician awareness of this seemingly rare disease.<sup>1</sup>While the authors note that anticonvulsant therapy may be used to control neurocysticercosis and mention the role of surgical shunting in control of hydrocephalus, they fail to alert readers about the promising new anthelminthic agent praziquantel. Praziquantel is a synthetic pyrazineisoquinoline derivative recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the only drug effective for all forms of trematode infections, namely, schistosomiasis.<sup>2</sup>The drug has been tried in cestode infections as well, and, as referenced in their article, praziquantel therapy for cysticercosis has documented efficacy. The earliest reports were quite promising; praziquantel in doses as low as 10 mg per kilogram of body weight cured 33 of 33 patients with<i>Taenia solium</i>, the
Science, medicine, and the future: Virtual colonoscopy
Authors: S. Halligan, H. M Fenlon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Virtual colonoscopy is a new procedure that fuses computed tomography of the large bowel with advanced techniques for rendering three dimensional images to produce views of the colonic mucosa similar to those obtained during “real” colonoscopy. Preliminary results suggest that it surpasses barium enema and approaches the sensitivity of conventional colonoscopy. This review summarises the technical developments that have made virtual colonoscopy possible and describes the expected advantages of this exciting technique over conventional endoscopy and more traditional imaging methods. We describe its possible applications and outline further technical developments that can be expected in the near future.
Registry Request: Intestinal Ulcers, Malabsorption, Celiac Disease, Ulcerative Ileojejunitis
Authors: THEODORE M. BAYLESS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 January 1973Registry Request: Intestinal Ulcers, Malabsorption, Celiac Disease, Ulcerative IleojejunitisTHEODORE M. BAYLESS, M.D.THEODORE M. BAYLESS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-1-154_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: At least 20 cases of multiple small-intestinal ulcers and malabsorption have been reported in the literature. Some of these were diagnosed as "non-granulomatous ulcerative ileojejunitis" (1-3). Others were well-documented celiac disease, and the intestinal ulcerations seem to occur as a sequel to or in association with celiac disease.With few exceptions, the recurrent ulcerations have resulted in death after perforation or obstruction. Because these patients have very difficult therapeutic problems and present diagnostic enigmas, it is important to keep a registry of information on these patients.I should be pleased to receive a discharge summary, or autopsy...References1. GOULSTONSKYRINGMCGOVERN KAV: Ulcerative jejunitis associated with malabsorption. Aust Ann Med 14:57-64, 1965 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. JEFFRIESSTEINBERGSLEISENGER GHM: Chronic ulcerative (nongranulomatous) jejunitis. Am J Med 44:47-59, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MORITZMORANPATTERSON MJJ: Chronic ulcerative jejunitis. Report of a case and discussion of classification. Gastroenterology 60:96-102, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BAYLESSKAPELOWITZSHELLEY TRW: Intestinal ulceration—a complication of celiac disease. N Engl J Med 276:996-1002, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1973Volume 78, Issue 1Page: 154-154KeywordsAutopsyCeliac diseaseUlcers Issue Published: 1 January 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
High-Grade Gliomas: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Victor Levin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

High-Grade Gliomas: Diagnosis and Treatment is part of the Humana Press Current Clinical Oncology series. This edited work is composed of five parts: classification of high-grade gliomas, clinical characteristics, diagnostic tools, management, and contemporary investigational treatments. The 27 chapters were written by 60 contributing authors. The book comes with a CD-ROM of figures, tables, and photomicrographs from the book.

High-Grade Gliomas is concise and inclusive, but by no means an exhaustive textbook on this subject. The book gives the reader a broad sampling of the diagnostic tools used in the setting of high-grade gliomas, including chapters on computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging tumor biology, nuclear imaging of gliomas, and magnetoencephalography. The tumor classification section is well done, with photomicrographs in black and white, undoubtedly to save publication costs. The tumor classification section, while short, is concise and inclusive with respect to some of the areas of current debate in tumor classification.

The management section is reasonably complete, although some of the chapters do not reference controversial articles on the side effects of radiation therapy and chemoradiation. The coverage of radiation therapy is, nonetheless, broader than in other textbooks. There is a general section that covers radiation therapy and individual chapters on brachytherapy and radiosurgery. There is also a nice chapter on nursing considerations.

The contemporary investigational treatments section contains chapters on convection-enhanced delivery, immunotoxins for glioma therapy, small-molecule agents, cytokine immuno-gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies, oncolytic viruses, biologic response modifiers, gene therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, and photodynamic therapy. While not overly detailed, these chapters give the reader a good overview of each of these areas.

In summary, this book is not a “must have” book for everyone’s library. It does, however, fit a need for the clinician who sees patients with gliomas but who is not working in a neuro-oncology center and for residents and fellows early in their careers. It quite nicely presents the spectrum of therapies under investigation, as well as outcomes of the most recent large cooperative trials. The book conveys the fact that much is going on to improve our understanding of gliomas and to improve the outcome for our patients.
Lipoprotein(a) in Diabetic Patients and Normoglycemic Relatives in Familial NIDDM
Authors: Gilberto Velho, Danielle Erlich, Elisabeth Turpin, Dominique Néel, Daniel Cohen, Philippe Froguel, Philippe Passa
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To compare lipoprotein(a) levels in diabetic patients and normoglycemic relatives in familial NIDDM and to assess whether Lp(a) is a risk factor for myocardial infarction in this population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared 577 patients and 261 normoglycemic relatives from 189 NIDDM multiplex families with 49 unrelated healthy individuals. of the 577, 23 patients with previously documented myocardial infarction were further analyzed as a separate group. RESULTS Lp(a) concentrations in diabetic patients, normoglycemic relatives, and the control group were not significantly different. Variance of Lp(a) in a given individual could not be accounted for by any clinical or biological parameter, but was strongly related to the mean Lp(a) value in his or her family. Diabetic patients with previous myocardial infarction (and their relatives) had significantly higher levels of Lp(a) than patients without coronary heart disease complaints. CONCLUSIONS Lp(a) concentration in familial NIDDM was not related to the degree of glucose intolerance, but presented a strong familial aggregation. High Lp(a) levels seem to be an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction in this NIDDM cohort.
The wizard and the gatekeeper: of castles and contracts
Authors: B. Herd, A. Herd, N. Mathers
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The wizards and the gatekeepers were unhappy. There were many reasons for their unhappiness. They worked hard but felt that too much was being demanded of them. The poorly people's charter was resulting in unrealistic expectations, and changes in the apprenticeship for wizards were putting great strain on their mentors. The wizards enjoyed their work less and less, and it was getting difficult to find new gatekeepers. On the other hand, the way the system worked meant that there had to be plenty of goblins and the number of scrolls that had to be filled in was rising sharply. The wizards and gatekeepers tried to point out ways to improve things that would ensure that poorly people were better treated, but there was no easy solution. With the ominous sign that the recruitment of wizards and gatekeepers was becoming more difficult, an answer was needed--and soon.
Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX), a promissing combination for the treatment of relapsed, advanced or metastatic non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: C. J. Calfa, L. E. Raez, G. Lopes, G. Walker, N. Farfan, J. Macintyre, M. Blaya, C. M. Rocha-Lima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

19061 Background: Combination of Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin (GEMOX) given every 3 weeks was reported to be safe and active in phase II studies in first and second line therapy of NSCLC. The aim of our trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin in combination with fixed rate infusion gemcitabine in the second and third line treatment of NSCLC, and to assess quality of life (QOL). Methods: 30 patients with advanced NSCLC, with Performance status (PS) ECOG 0–1, and who had failed first or second line treatment with chemotherapy and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors were treated with GEM 1,000 mg/m2 over 100 min in combination with O× 100 mg/m2 over 2 hours both given on days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Primary endpoint was ORR and secondary endpoints were toxicity, time to tumor progression, time to treatment failure, overall survival. QOL was assessed by the FACT-L V.4 and Lung Cancer Subscale (LCS) questionnaires. Results: From the 30 patients, 16 (53%) were males and 14 (47%) females. 20 patients were Hispanics (66%), 7 Caucasian (23%), 3 African American (10%). Median age was 56 years. PS was ECOG 0 and 1 in 14(47%) and 16(53%) respectively. Histological subtypes were adenocarcinoma in 14 patients (47%), adeno-squamos in 1(3%), squamos in 3(1%), Bronchoalveolar carcinoma in 2 (6%) and unspecified in 9 (30%) patients. The treatment was second line for 22 (73%) patients and third line for 7(23%) patients. 1 patient progressed quickly and became ineligible for the treatment after enrollment. Two patients died on study from disease progression leading to respiratory and multi-organ failure. Partial responses were achieved in 4 (13%) patients, stable disease in 12 (40%) and progressive disease in 12 (40%). Grade 3/4 adverse events were seen in <10% of the patients and included fatigue, dyspnea, anemia and multiorgan failure (1 patient). There was a 25% improvement in the QOL LCS score. Conclusion: GEMOX combination given in day 1 and 15 of every 4 weeks shows activity and tolerable side effects when used to treat patients with advanced NSCLC who have previously failed chemotherapy, tirosine kinase or angiogenesis inhibitors, with a suggestion of QOL improvement. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Lilly Oncology, sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis