tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Include medical ethics in the Research Excellence Framework
Authors: W. M. Kong, B. Vernon, K. Boyd, R. Gillon, B. Farsides, G. Stirrat
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite the increasing popularity of hookah bars, there is a lack of research assessing the health effects of hookah smoke among employees. This study investigated indoor air quality in hookah bars and the health effects of secondhand hookah smoke on hookah bar workers. <h3>Methods</h3> Air samples were collected during the work shift of 10 workers in hookah bars in New York City (NYC). Air measurements of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), fine black carbon (BC<sub>2.5</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), and nicotine were collected during each work shift. Blood pressure and heart rate, markers of active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure (exhaled CO and saliva cotinine levels), and selected inflammatory cytokines in blood (ineterleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α)) were assessed in workers immediately prior to and immediately after their work shift. <h3>Results</h3> The PM<sub>2.5</sub> (gravimetric) and BC<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in indoor air varied greatly among the work shifts with mean levels of 363.8 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and 2.2 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The mean CO level was 12.9 ppm with a peak value of 22.5 ppm CO observed in one hookah bar. While heart rate was elevated by 6 bpm after occupational exposure, this change was not statistically significant. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood were all increased at postshift compared to preshift testing with IFN-Υ increasing from 0.85 (0.13) to 1.6 (0.25) (mean (standard error of the mean; SEM)) pg/mL (p&lt;0.01). Exhaled CO levels were significantly elevated after the work shift with 2 of 10 workers having values &gt;90 ppm exhaled CO. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results demonstrate that hookah bars have elevated concentrations of indoor air pollutants that appear to cause adverse health effects in employees. These data indicate the need for further research and a marked need for better air quality monitoring and policies in such establishments to improve the indoor air quality for workers and patrons.
A Cardiac Factor in Hypertensive Responses
Authors: THEODORE COOPER, CLARENCE N. PEISS, VALLEE L. WILLMAN, WALTER C. RANDALL
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Patterns of blood pressure response to direct and reflex activation of the central nervous system were compared in normal dogs and in dogs after cardiac autotransplantation. Interventions which regularly result in elevated systemic blood pressure in the normal, anesthetized dog may produce attenuated pressor reactions, or even depressor reactions, in the dog with a cardiac autotransplant. The differences in response patterns indicate a significant contribution by the heart to the pressor response of the intact dog.
A New Method for Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Vector Delivery to Murine Diaphragm
Authors: Cathryn Mah, Thomas J Fraites, Kerry O Cresawn, Irene Zolotukhin, Melissa A Lewis, Barry J Byrne
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Genetically modified mice are important models for evaluation of potential gene therapies for human diseases. However, their small size often precludes the use of clinically feasible methods for vector delivery, therefore, alternative methods must be used. We have developed a gel-based method for delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors to the mouse diaphragm, an important target organ for many myopathic diseases. We hypothesized that delivery of vectors in a viscous solution would increase transduction by providing a longer exposure time to target cells. We demonstrate that gel-mediated delivery of rAAV serotypes 1, 2, and 5 results in higher transduction efficiencies than free vectors alone when administered in vivo to mouse diaphragms. We further establish greater tropism of rAAV1 vectors for the diaphragm compared to serotypes 2 and 5. This report describes a novel method for efficient delivery of rAAV vectors to the mouse diaphragm and is the first demonstration of gene transfer to the diaphragm using recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors.
Birch pollen‐related food as a provocation factor of allergic symptoms in children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome
Authors: K. Breuer, A. Wulf, A. Constien, D. Tetau, A. Kapp, T. Werfel
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Food allergy to cow's milk or hen's egg is a common problem in children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) but the role of birch pollen‐related food for the induction of allergic symptoms is still not clear. Patients/methods: Twelve children (median age 5 years) with AEDS underwent an oral challenge with those birch pollen‐related foods which were reported to induce no immediate symptoms, but were consumed on a regular basis. Total IgE and specific IgE to birch pollen, Bet v 1/2 and various birch pollen‐related foods were determined. Results: Seven of 12 children showed immediate and/or late eczematous reactions upon ingestion of birch pollen‐related foodstuff. Four children showed a worsening of eczema 24 h upon oral challenge with a significant difference in SCORAD before and after challenge. There were no differences in terms of total IgE or birch pollen‐specific IgE between children with a late eczematous response and non‐reacting children. Conclusions: Birch pollen‐related food may induce allergic symptoms in children with AEDS who exhibit a sensitization to birch pollen. Oral challenge tests should be performed in those children who suffer from severe AEDS and who are highly sensitized to birch pollen allergens even in the absence of a history suggestive of food allergy.
Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation in the Management of Common Bile Duct Stones in Patients with Roux-En-Y Reconstruction
Authors: M. Inomata, M. Endo, H. Obara, Y. Hashimoto, T. Terui, S. Oana, N. Kudara, T. Chiba, S. Orii, K. Suzuki
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic transpapillary management of bile duct stones is more difficult in patients with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis than it is in patients with Billroth II reconstructions because of differences in the postoperative anatomy. Two patients, a 48-year-old man (patient 1) and a 74-year-old man (patient 2), who had both undergone a total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis for gastric carcinoma, were admitted to our hospital for endoscopic treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones. In both cases, a pediatric colonoscope (PCF-230; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted into the Roux-en-Y limb up to the papilla. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed CBD stones with diameters of less than 10 mm. Neither conventional sphincterotomes nor needle-knives could be safely positioned to perform endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in these patients. We therefore attempted to demonstrate that endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) could be used as an alternative to ES. A balloon dilator (Max-Force Balloon Dilator; Microvasive, Boston Scientific Corporation, Watertown, USA) was passed over the guide wire and into the common bile duct. The balloon was inflated to a diameter of 8 mm and a pressure of 3 atmospheres for 1 minute (Figure [1]). After EPBD, the stones were successfully extracted in both cases using a conventional basket catheter in a single procedure (Figure [2]). There were no major complications. Although several techniques are available for performing ES in patients who have previously undergone Roux-en-Y anastomosis [1] [2] [3], it is not easy to maneuver the sphincterotome through a forward-viewing endoscope that has a long working length, such as the pediatric colonoscope. Compared with ES, the technical advantage of EPBD is the ease with which the opening of the bile duct can be enlarged without the need for fine control of the sphincterotome and endoscope. For this reason, EPBD has already been applied in endoscopic explorations for bile duct stones in patients who have had a Billroth II gastrectomy [4] [5]. In conclusion, EPBD appears to be particularly useful for managing bile duct stones in patients who have had a Roux-en-Y reconstruction.
Treatment of fulminant hepatic failure. Clinical syndrome and basis of therapy.
Authors: R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Fulminant hepatic failure has one of the highest mortalities among medical diseases?82% in the first 318 patients reported from centres throughout the world to the Fulminant Hepatic Failure Surveillance (F.H.F.S.) study.1 The problem of fulminant hepatic failure is also being forcibly drawn to medical and public attention in this country by the continuing outbreaks of severe hepatitis in renal dialysis units.2
A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Prednisone for Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Joseph E. Parrillo, Robert E. Cunnion, Stephen E. Epstein, Margaret M. Parker, Anthony F. Suffredini, Matthew Brenner, Gary L. Schaer, Sebastian T. Palmeri, Richard O. Cannon, David Alling, Janet T. Wittes, Victor J. Ferrans, E. Rene Rodriguez, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Although prednisone has been used to treat patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, its efficacy has not been rigorously studied. We therefore randomly assigned 102 patients to either treatment with prednisone (60 mg per day) or a control group. At three months, improvement, defined prospectively as an increase in the ejection fraction of ≥ percentage points, was observed in 53 percent of the patients receiving prednisone and 27 percent of the controls (P = 0.005). The mean (±SE) ejection fraction increased 4.3±1.5 percentage points (from 17.9 ± 1.0 to 22.2 ± 1.6 percent) in the prednisone group, as compared with 2.1 ±0.8 percentage points (from 17.1±1.1 to 19.3±1.4 percent) in the control group (P = 0.054). All patients were categorized prospectively in two separately randomized subgroups. "Reactive" patients (n = 60) were those who had fibroblastic (n = 36) or lymphocytic (n = 2) infiltration or immunoglobulin deposition (n = 16) on endomyocardial biopsy, a positive gallium scan (n = 7), or an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (n = 18). "Nonreactive" patients (n = 42) had none of these features. At three months, 67 percent of the reactive patients who received prednisone had improvement, as compared with 28 percent of the reactive controls (P = 0.004). Nonreactive patients did not improve significantly with prednisone (P = 0.51). After three months, reactive patients who received prednisone daily were switched to alternate-day therapy (60 mg every other day), and after six months the improvement seen earlier was no longer present. These data suggest that patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy may have some improvement when given a high dose of prednisone daily. However, the increases in the ejection fraction that we observed during prednisone treatment were small, their duration was limited, and the side effects were important. Overall, prednisone was judged to have only marginal clinical benefit, and should not be administered as standard therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1061–8.)
Classification of human ovarian tumors.
Authors: R E Scully
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Most human ovarian tumors are classified into one of several categories based on presumed histogenesis and direction of differentiation. Separate categories are reserved for neoplasms composed of cells of several origins and for nonneoplastic disorders that simulate neoplasms. Using the World Health Organization Histologic Classification of Ovarian Tumors, histologic features for common and rare human ovarian tumors are described and illustrated.
CONTRAST ENHANCED ULTRASOUND CHANGES CLINICAL MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY PRIOR TO ELECTRICAL CARDIOVERSION FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION OR ATRIAL FLUTTER
Authors: Chad E. Travers, Merrick Donenberg, Jonathan Kaplan, Arvin Bansal, Steven Feinstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Defective thymopoiesis and poor peripheral homeostatic replenishment of T-helper cells cause T-cell lymphopenia in cirrhosis
Authors: Margaret Lario, Leticia Muñoz, María Ubeda, María-José Borrero, Javier Martínez, Jorge Monserrat, David Díaz, Melchor Álvarez-Mon, Agustín Albillos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Extensive White Matter Involvement in Patients With Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Authors: Paola Caroppo, Isabelle Le Ber, Agnès Camuzat, Fabienne Clot, Lionel Naccache, Foudil Lamari, Anne De Septenville, Anne Bertrand, Serge Belliard, Didier Hannequin, Olivier Colliot, Alexis Brice
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Mutations in the progranulin (<i>GRN</i>) gene are responsible for 20% of familial cases of frontotemporal dementias. All cause haploinsufficiency of progranulin, a protein involved in inflammation, tissue repair, and cancer. Carriers of the<i>GRN</i>mutation are characterized by a variable degree of asymmetric brain atrophy, predominantly in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. We describe 4<i>GRN</i>mutation carriers with remarkable widespread white matter lesions (WML) associated with lobar atrophy shown on magnetic resonance imaging. <h3>Observations</h3> Four<i>GRN</i>mutation carriers (age at onset, 56-65 years) presenting with severe WML were selected from 31<i>GRN</i>mutation carriers who were followed up in our dementia centers. The WML were predominantly in the frontal and parietal lobes and were mostly confluent, affecting the periventricular subcortical white matter and U-fibers. In all patients, common vascular, metabolic, inflammatory, dysimmune, and mitochondrial disorders were excluded and none had severe vascular risk factors. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Our data suggest that white matter involvement may be linked to progranulin pathological processes in a subset of<i>GRN</i>mutation carriers. The plasma progranulin measurement, which is predictive of<i>GRN</i>mutations, and<i>GRN</i>sequencing should thus be included in investigations of patients with frontotemporal lobar degenerations who show unusual white matter hyperintensities and atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging.
Pulmonary Arteriography and Embolectomy in Pulmonary Embolism.
Authors: Dean A. Emanuel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Pulmonary Arteriography and Embolectomy in Pulmonary Embolism.Dean A. Emanuel, M.D., F.A.C.P., George E. Magnin, M.D., F.A.C.P.Dean A. Emanuel, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, George E. Magnin, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-906_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTen successive patients with massive pulmonary emboli were seen during a 12-month period 1963 to 1964. Their ages ranged from 21 to 83 years. All of the patients had dyspnea out of proportion to their cardiac or pulmonary signs. The other common features of pulmonary emboli, such as cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, right heart failure, or evidence of leg edema were inconsistently present. Chest roentgenogram revealed a pulmonary infarct with cavitation in one patient, diffuse lung disease in a second patient, evidence of pulmonary infarction with pleural involvement in four patients, and evidence of enlarged pulmonary artery segments in four... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Dean A. Emanuel, M.D., F.A.C.P.; George E. Magnin, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Marshfield, Wisconsin PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 906-907KeywordsEmbolectomyHeart failureInfarctionIschemiaLungsPulmonary arteriesPulmonary arteriographyPulmonary diseasesPulmonary embolismThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Suitability of HIV-Positive Individuals for Marriage and Pregnancy
Authors: Ronald Bayer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> It is regrettable that in an otherwise thorough and thoughtful analysis of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that Drs Haverkos and Edelman<sup>1</sup>conclude with incautiously worded comments on the future course of public debate and policy. They state that "societies may soon have to wrestle with many difficult questions, including the suitability of infected individuals for marriage and natural parenthood." The question of whether to mandate premarital screening for HIV infection has been debated in state legislatures across the nation. In virtually all cases, public health officials have argued that given the epidemiology of HIV disease, the patterns of sexual behavior in America, and the social costs of widespreadscreening, such an approach to prevention would represent a misguided effort. In Louisiana, a one-year trial of mandatory premarital screening has been ended. Whatever the justification for requiring testing so that potential marriage partners might
Body surface mapping during endocardial pacing at multiple left ventricular sites: QRS variability in patients with prior myocardial infarction
Authors: Arne SippensGroenewegen, Hans Spekhorst, Norbert M. van Hemel, J.Herre Kingma, Richard N.W. Hauer, Michiel J. Janse, Arend J. Dunning
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Rates of caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery in nulliparous women after low concentration epidural infusions or opioid analgesia: systematic review
Authors: E H C Liu, A T H Sia
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the effects of low concentration epidural infusions of bupivacaine with parenteral opioid analgesia on rates of caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery in nulliparous women. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register, and handsearching of the <i>International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia</i>. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised controlled trials comparing low concentration epidural infusions with parenteral opioids. <b>Data synthesis</b> Seven trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Epidural analgesia does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of caesarean section (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 1.48) but may be associated with an increased risk of instrumental vaginal delivery (2.11, 0.95 to 4.65). Epidural analgesia was associated with a longer second stage of labour (weighted mean difference 15.2 minutes, 2.1 to 28.2 minutes). More women randomised to receive epidural analgesia had adequate pain relief, with fewer changing to parenteral opioids than vice versa (odds ratio 0.1, 0.05 to 0.22). <b>Conclusions</b> Epidural analgesia using low concentration infusions of bupivacaine is unlikely to increase the risk of caesarean section but may increase the risk of instrumental vaginal delivery. Although women receiving epidural analgesia had a longer second stage of labour, they had better pain relief.
Consistency of State Statutes With the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV Testing Recommendations for Health Care Settings
Authors: Anish P. Mahajan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

In September 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the "Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women in Health-care Settings" to improve screening and diagnosis. The CDC now recommends that all patients in all health care settings be offered opt-out HIV screening without separate written consent and prevention counseling. State law on HIV testing is widely assumed to be a barrier to implementing the recommendations. To help policymakers and providers better understand their own legal context and to correct possible misunderstandings about statutory compatibility, a state-by-state review (including Washington, DC) of all statutes pertaining to HIV testing was performed and the consistency of these laws with the new recommendations was systematically assessed. Criteria were developed for classifying state statutory frameworks as consistent, neutral, or inconsistent with the new recommendations, and the implications for implementation of the CDC recommendations in these various legal contexts were examined. The statutory frameworks of 34 states and Washington, DC, were found to be either consistent with or neutral to the new CDC recommendations, which would enable full implementation. Statutory frameworks of 16 states were inconsistent with the new CDC recommendations, which would preclude implementation of 1 or more of the novel provisions without legislative change. In the 2 years since release of the recommendations, 9 states have passed new legislation to move from being inconsistent to consistent with the guidelines. State statutory laws are evolving toward greater compliance with the CDC recommendations. Policymakers, provider groups, consumer advocates, and other stakeholders should ensure that HIV screening practices comply with existing state law and work to amend inconsistent laws if they are interested in implementing the CDC recommendations.
SURVIVAL OF THE POLIOMYELITIC VIRUS FOR SIX YEARS IN GLYCEROL
Authors: Simon Flexner, Harold L. Amoss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

The virus of poliomyelitis contained within the spinal cord and medulla of human beings and monkeys withstands glycerolation for many years. The specimens tested had been kept for 4 and 6 years respectively in 50 per cent glycerol at refrigerator temperature. The symptoms and lesions caused by this virus are identical with those produced by that contained in the more recently collected spinal cord and medulla. The specimens had lost a part of their activity under the conditions described, necessitating larger and repeated doses to induce infection. Whether this difference is due merely to quantitative reduction in number of viable microorganisms or to qualitative alterations under the influence of the mildly antiseptic glycerol has not been determined. An ineffective inoculation of tissues containing the virus does not increase resistance, but rather diminishes it, so that a subsequent injection, inadequate in itself, may cause experimental poliomyelitis. This power of survival under adverse conditions may not be without significance in respect to the recrudescence of poliomyelitis in a given locality and after a lapse of years. Hitherto this phenomenon has been accounted for by assuming a fresh importation of a virus of pronounced pathogenic power. It is possible that the explanation in some instances resides in the renewed activity of specimens of the virus surviving from a previous epidemic, while in other instances a fresh introduction actually takes place from a remote focus of infection. The infectious nervous tissues employed in these experiments did not yield in culture streptococci or other ordinary bacteria.
The Principles and Practice of Rectal Surgery
Authors: Karl Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The fifth edition of Mr. Gabriel's book, like the previous four, presents diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus as they are treated at St. Mark's Hospital in London. St. Mark's is the oldest hospital in the world limiting its work to proctology. It was founded in 1835, and Mr. Gabriel has been on its staff for more than 40 years. The tremendous experience in volume and variety of proctologic cases done in St. Mark's is recorded in this book. In the latest edition each chapter has been brought up to date in regard to text and illustrations, and two new chapters have been added. Chapter 5 concerns the malformed rectum and anus, while the new Chapter 10 thoroughly discusses pain in the anorectal area not explained by clear-cut lesions found on local examination. Anal incontinence is unusually well covered as to cause and treatment. The sections on tumors of