tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Significance of a Fragmented QRS Complex Versus a Q Wave in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mithilesh K. Das, Bilal Khan, Sony Jacob, Awaneesh Kumar, Jo Mahenthiran
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Q waves on a 12-lead ECG are markers of a prior myocardial infarction (MI). However, they may regress or even disappear over time, and there is no specific ECG sign of a non-Q-wave MI. Fragmented QRS complexes (fQRSs), which include various RSR' patterns, without a typical bundle-branch block are markers of altered ventricular depolarization owing to a prior myocardial scar. We postulated that the presence of an fQRS might improve the ability to detect a prior MI compared with Q waves alone by ECG.A cohort of 479 consecutive patients (mean+/-SD age, 58.2+/-13.2 years; 283 males) who were referred for nuclear stress tests was studied. The fQRS included various morphologies of the QRS (<120 ms), which included an additional R wave (R') or notching in the nadir of the S wave, or >1 R' (fragmentation) in 2 contiguous leads, corresponding to a major coronary artery territory. The Q wave was present in 71 (14.8%) patients, an fQRS was present in 191 (34.9%) patients, and an fQRS and/or a Q wave was present in 203 (42.3%) patients. Sensitivity, specificity, and the negative predictive value for myocardial scar as detected by single photon emission computed tomography analysis were 36.3%, 99.2%, and 70.8%, respectively, for the Q wave alone; 85.6%, 89%, and 92.7%, respectively, for the fQRS; and 91.4%, 89%, and 94.2%, respectively, for the Q wave and/or fQRS.The fQRS on a 12-lead ECG is a marker of a prior MI, defined by regional perfusion abnormalities, which has a substantially higher sensitivity and negative predictive value compared with the Q wave.
Accurate Conductance-Based Post-Dilation Balloon Catheter Sizing
Authors: Mark C. Svendsen, Anjan K. Sinha, James B. Hermiller, Deepak L. Bhatt, Benjamin Jansen, Zachary C. Berwick, Arika Kemp, William Combs, Ghassan Kassab
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Identification of patients when taking blood.
Authors: J Georgsen, U Brodthagen, N Grunnet, S E Jacobsen, C Jersild
Journal: BMJ (1991)

trying to push a used needle into a movable sheath and then turning the syringe upwards to let the sheath cover the needle could lead to "chasing" the sheath across the surface of the table, flipping the sheath off on to the floor, and injuring a bystander in the process.The Saf-T-Cap and other similar devices would still require a steady hand and eye to put the needle into the sheath at the first attempt.There might also be the temptation to steady the device with the other hand while using it, thereby increasing the risk of a needlestick injury to that hand.We accept that if there are situations where recapping is unavoidable, the Saf-T-Cap is simple enough and better in many aspects than some of the more complicated alternative multiple hole devices- some with cutter attachments to remove the needle from the syringe.The advice of the Centers for Disease Control and the British Medical Association,2 that re- sheathing is generally inadvisable, is still sound.We would also support the requirement for all sharps containers to meet British Safety standards (7320).Rather than recommending resheathing we recommend the adequate provision, use, and disposal of robust sharps containers at suitable intervals and a programme to educate all staff in the safe disposal of sharps, as required by the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regu- lations 1988.
Evaluating the causal relevance of diverse risk markers: horizontal systematic review
Authors: H. Kuper, A. Nicholson, M. Kivimaki, A. Aitsi-Selmi, G. Cavalleri, J. E Deanfield, P. Heuschmann, X. Jouven, S. Malyutina, B. M Mayosi, S. Sans, T. Thomsen, J. C M Witteman, A. D Hingorani, D. A Lawlor, H. Hemingway
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objectives</b> To develop a new methodology to systematically compare evidence across diverse risk markers for coronary heart disease and to compare this evidence with guideline recommendations. <b>Design</b> "Horizontal" systematic review incorporating different sources of evidence. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic search of Medline and hand search of guidelines. <b>Study selection </b>Two reviewers independently determined eligibility of studies across three sources of evidence (observational studies, genetic association studies, and randomised controlled trials) related to four risk markers: depression, exercise, C reactive protein, and type 2 diabetes. <b>Data extraction </b>For each risk marker, the largest meta-analyses of observational studies and genetic association studies, and meta-analyses or individual randomised controlled trials were analysed. <b>Results</b> Meta-analyses of observational studies reported adjusted relative risks of coronary heart disease for depression of 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.5 to 2.4), for top compared with bottom fourths of exercise 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0), for top compared with bottom thirds of C reactive protein 1.6 (1.5 to 1.7), and for diabetes in women 3.0 (2.4 to 3.7) and in men 2.0 (1.8 to 2.3). Prespecified study limitations were more common for depression and exercise. Meta-analyses of studies that allowed formal Mendelian randomisation were identified for C reactive protein (and did not support a causal effect), and were lacking for exercise, diabetes, and depression. Randomised controlled trials were not available for depression, exercise, or C reactive protein in relation to incidence of coronary heart disease, but trials in patients with diabetes showed some preventive effect of glucose control on risk of coronary heart disease. None of the four randomised controlled trials of treating depression in patients with coronary heart disease reduced the risk of further coronary events. Comparisons of this horizontal evidence review with two guidelines published in 2007 showed inconsistencies, with depression prioritised more in the guidelines than in our review. <b>Conclusions</b> This horizontal systematic review pinpoints deficiencies and strengths in the evidence for depression, exercise, C reactive protein, and diabetes as unconfounded and unbiased causes of coronary heart disease. This new method could be used to develop a field synopsis and prioritise future development of guidelines and research.
EARLY DETECTION OF TUBERCLE BACILLI IN SPUTUM: PRACTICAL METHODS OF OBTAINING SATISFACTORY SPECIMENS
Authors: J. Dundas-Grant
Journal: BMJ (1928)

EARLY DETECTION.OOF TUBERCOE +BACGIL I IN SPUTUM. - T JOiNsw 627explained by Gr-iffith on the grounld that some of these lesions are cauised by direct infectioni from the abdominal cavity, wlhere, of course, as it is well knowin, the ratio of infectioni with the boviine to that with the humaln type of bacillus is high.Significance of Numbers of Tubercle Bacilli in the Dischearges jroma a Tuberculouis Joint.Two samples of pus from tubercuLlous joints wllich came to this laboratorv attracted my attenition on account of the ullusual numnbers of tubercle bacilli they contained.The ,severity of the disease turned out to be uniusual also, and it seems that the numbers of bacilli in joint cases may have some prognostic significance.These cases, tlierefore, seenm to be worth reporting.A married woman, aged 38, was admitted to Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, on June 23rd, 1927, on account of severe pain in the left ankle.She came under the care of Mr. W. H. Bowen, to whom I am indebted for notes of the case.On admission there was a swelling on the outer side of the joint.This was aspirated five days after admission.The fluid
Debate over mentally ill patient's caesarean section was too emotional
Authors: W O Goldthorp, G McDade
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Chick ciliary ganglion neurons have a membrane component that shares an antigenic determinant with the “main immunogenic region” of the alpha subunits in nicotinic ACh receptors from skeletal muscle and electric organ. Ultrastructural studies on antibody binding in the ganglion have shown that the cross-reacting antigen on the neuron surface is located predominantly in synaptic membrane. Biochemical studies have shown that the cross-reacting component has a number of other properties expected for the ganglionic nicotonic ACh receptor and that it is distinct from the alpha-bungarotoxin binding component in the tissue. Here we show that ciliary ganglion neurons grown in dissociated cell culture express a similar component that cross-reacts with monoclonal antibodies to ACh receptors, and that the number of antibody-binding sites on the neurons can be modulated by exposure to cholinergic agonists and a protein neurotoxin that reversibly inhibits ACh receptors on the neurons. In most, though not all, cases, levels of ACh sensitivity associated with the neurons are specifically comodulated in parallel with the changes in number of antibody binding sites. The results suggest that at least a portion of the cross-reacting sites on the surface of ciliary ganglion neurons is likely to represent nicotinic ACh receptors. The fact that in some instances levels of ACh sensitivity can be altered without changing the number of cross-reacting sites, however, leaves open the possibility that not all of the sites are associated with receptors or that the neurons can alter the proportion of receptors that is functional.
The Motor Endplate
Authors: Lewis P. Rowland
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The space between nerve and muscle is less than 700 angstroms, but what a complicated mechanism it contains! Zacks has performed a service in summarizing the pertinent literature of histology, histochemistry, physiology, electron microscopy, experimental pathology, and human disease. The text is lively and controversial areas are not avoided. Problematic areas such as denervation, the "trophic" influence of nerve upon muscle, reinnervation guidance, and the nature of membranes are presented in lucid terms. The volume is well illustrated with photomicrographs and diagrams from the author's publications and those of other workers. The bibliography is ample, and an appendix of staining methods should be useful to histologists. Zacks' vantage point is morphologic and the book is weighted in this direction, as indicated by his prefatory comment that "... the electron microscope promises to open a new and richly productive era in ultramicroscopic pathology." This may be so, but the book provides little
1173 VARIATION IN INTERLEUKIN 28B GEN PREDICTS RESPONSE TO PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN HIV/HEPATITIS C VIRUS-COINFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: K. Neukam, A. Caruz, A. Rivero, C. Roldán, I. Salas, Á. Camacho, J. Macías, A. Martínez, J.C. Palomares, J.A. Pineda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Curd ML Bollen, Thomas Beikler
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Halitosis, bad breath or oral malodour are all synonyms for the same pathology. Halitosis has a large social and economic impact. For the majority of patients suffering from bad breath, it causes embarrassment and affects their social communication and life. Moreover,halitosis can be indicative of underlying diseases. Only a limited number of scientific publications were presented in this field until 1995. Ever since, a large amount of research is published, often with lack of evidence. In general, intraoral conditions, like insufficient dental hygiene, periodontitis or tongue coating are considered to be the most important cause (85%) for halitosis. Therefore, dentists and periodontologists are the first-line professionals to be confronted with this problem. They should be well aware of the origin, the detection and especially of the treatment of this pathology. In addition, ear-nose-throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrinological (5%) disorders may contribute to the problem. In the case of halitophobia, psychiatrical or psychological problems may be present. Bad breath needs a multidisciplinary team approach: dentists, periodontologists, specialists in family medicine, ear-nose-throat surgeons, internal medicine and psychiatry need to be updated in this field, which still is surrounded by a large taboo.Multidisciplinary bad breath clinics offer the best environment to examine and treat this pathology that affects around 25% of the whole population. This article describes the origin, detection and treatment of halitosis, regarded from the different etiological origins.
Proteobacteria-specific IgA regulates maturation of the intestinal microbiota
Authors: Julie Mirpuri, Megan Raetz, Carolyn R Sturge, Cara L Wilhelm, Alicia Benson, Rashmin C Savani, Lora V Hooper, Felix Yarovinsky
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

The intestinal microbiota changes dynamically from birth to adulthood. In this study we identified γ-Proteobacteria as a dominant phylum present in newborn mice that is suppressed in normal adult microbiota. The transition from a neonatal to a mature microbiota was in part regulated by induction of a γ-Proteobacteria-specific IgA response. Neocolonization experiments in germ-free mice further revealed a dominant Proteobacteria-specific IgA response triggered by the immature microbiota. Finally, a role for B cells in the regulation of microbiota maturation was confirmed in IgA-deficient mice. Mice lacking IgA had persistent intestinal colonization with γ-Proteobacteria that resulted in sustained intestinal inflammation and increased susceptibility to neonatal and adult models of intestinal injury. Collectively, these results identify an IgA-dependent mechanism responsible for the maturation of the intestinal microbiota.
Aluminum — Much Ado about Something
Authors: Donald J. Sherrard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Aluminum was first used to control phosphate levels in patients undergoing dialysis 30 years ago, after Dr. Belding Scribner noted that his early patients on dialysis were "turning to stone"1 (and Scribner BH: personal communication). As phosphate levels fell in response to oral aluminum salts, the tumorous calcium phosphate deposits melted away. From these observations came the concept of monitoring the calcium phosphate product and the recognition of the need for phosphate binders.Twelve years ago concern was expressed about the toxicity of parenteral aluminum when it was discovered that a virulent dementia, as well as fracturing osteomalacia, was associated . . .
Medical Radiation Biology
Authors: F. Lamont Jennings
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Though the objectives of this textbook are most laudable, the results are a severe disappointment. Perhaps it is too much to expect a significant treatise when responsibility is diffused through four editors and 32 contributors. Starting with the premise that this is "the first textbook in radiation biology specifically directed to the student of human health sciences" the authors aim at an audience of "residents, undergraduate medical students, other college and graduate students, and students in radiologic and nuclear technology." Unfortunately, they fail to meet the needs of any of their audience. After a delightful introduction considering the development of radiation science, the book launches into discussions of the physical, chemical, biologic, and genetic principles of radiation. These discussions are characterized by illogical development, technical and complex terminology, and inappropriate emphases. In approaching the genetic effects of diagnostic radiation, the authors spend much space on "x-ray-induced heritable changes that may
Nebulization treatment with saline compared to bromhexine in treating chronic sinusitis in asthmatic children
Authors: H. P. S. Van Bever, J. Bosmans, W. J. Stevens
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Twenty children aged 3 to 14 years with a history of bronchial asthma complicated by chronic sinusitis were studied in a double‐blind study. Patients received, at random, over a period of 2 weeks, either 2 ml saline or 2 ml bromhexine (2 mg/ml) t.i.d. by means of a home nebulizer. A significant decline of clinical symptoms during both nebulization treatments as compared to the pretreatment symptom score was observed (mean score of 1.5 ± 0.7 and 0.5 ± 0.8, respectively, ( P 0.01). Both types of nebulization were equally efficient in reducing the symptom score. Radiological abnormalities were significantly more reversed after saline nebulization as compared with bromhexine ( P &lt; 0.05), although both treatments showed radiological improvement ( P &lt; 0.01). The present study indicates that nebulization with saline may have some beneficial effect on chronic sinusitis in asthmatic children. Bromhexine was not superior to saline for this purpose.
Increased risk of chronic liver failure in adults with heterozygous ?-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Ivo W. Graziadei, Jacob J. Joseph, Russell H. Wiesner, Terry M. Therneau, Kenneth P. Batts, Michael K. Porayko
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Controversy exists whether patients who are genetically heterozygous for 1-antitrypsin deficiency (1ATD), carrying a single PI*Z allele, are at increased risk of developing chronic liver disease. In these investigations, we determined the prevalence of heterozygous 1AT phenotypes (PI MZ, PI SZ) in a well-characterized cohort of patients presenting with chronic liver failure before orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We analyzed data collected from all adult patients (n = 641) who underwent OLT at our tertiary referral center between March 1985 and December 1996. Study patients entered a prospective protocol designed to test for all known etiologies of liver disease. Complete testing including 1AT phenotyping was successfully performed in 599 adults. We compared the overall number of heterozygous PI*Z carriers in our OLT cohort with established prevalence figures for general and regional American populations, and examined their distribution among various liver disease subgroups. Fifty-one patients were found to be heterozygous carriers of a single PI*Z allele for 1AT. The predominant phenotype in our transplantation cohort was PI MZ, identified in 49 patients (8.2%), which is a significantly higher prevalence than that reported from previous American population studies (2%-4%). Additionally, a significantly greater number of PI MZ carriers existed in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis compared with other liver disease categories (26.9%; P < .001). These data suggest that individuals carrying a single PI*Z allele for 1AT may be at increased risk of developing cirrhosis and liver failure, even in the absence of an identifiable coexisting liver disease.
'Atypical' mumps may occur after immunization
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

When parotitis and aseptic meningoencephalitis appeared among children in a Little Rock, Ark, elementary school district, authorities immediately suspected mumps. Investigation indicated that none of the sick children had been immunized against the infection. The clincher was the isolation of mumps virus from three of the youngsters. However, at the same time, another and more puzzling illness appeared among other children in the district. Symptoms included fever, appetite loss, nausea, malaise, and a 24-hour erythematous papular rash, generalized except for the head, neck, palms, and soles. A University of Arkansas College of Medicine pediatrician who investigated five cases of this puzzling "other" illness has concluded that it is atypical mumps. What makes this conclusion especially interesting is that, unlike their classmates with parotitis or aseptic meningoencephalitis, all five of these children were immunized against mumps long before the other symptoms developed. Terry Yamauchi, MD, who is professor of pediatrics at
Effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in experimental myocardial injury following acute coronary occlusion. Biochemical, ultrastructural, and physiological aspects
Authors: K. SISKA, A. ZIEGELHOFFER, M. FEDELESOVA, V. HOLEC, J. SLEZAK, J. STYK, D. PANCZA, I. GABAUER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article Effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in experimental myocardial injury following acute coronary occlusion. Biochemical, ultrastructural, and physiological aspects Get access K. ŠIŠKA, K. ŠIŠKA From the Institute of Experimental Surgery, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. ZIEGELHÖFFER, A. ZIEGELHÖFFER From the Institute of Experimental Surgery, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. FEDELEŠOVÁ, M. FEDELEŠOVÁ From the Institute of Experimental Surgery, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. HOLEC, V. HOLEC From the Institute of Experimental Surgery, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. SLEZÁK, J. SLEZÁK From the Institute of Experimental Surgery, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. STYK, J. STYK From the Institute of Experimental Surgery, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. PANCZA, D. PANCZA From the Institute of Experimental Surgery, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I. GABAUER I. GABAUER From the Institute of Experimental Surgery, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 3, May 1974, Pages 404–414, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.3.404 Published: 01 May 1974
Blood lead and coronary heart disease risk among elderly men in Zutphen, The Netherlands.
Authors: D Kromhout
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Information about blood lead and other coronary heart disease risk factors was collected in 1977 among 152 men aged 57 to 76 years in the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands. Blood lead was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The blood lead distribution was skewed to the right. The median blood lead concentration was 167 micrograms/L, and the mean was 183 micrograms/L. Blood lead levels above 300 micrograms/L were present among 8.6% and levels above 400 micrograms/L among 1.3% of the Zutphen men. Blood lead was of borderline significance to cigarette smoking. After both univariate and multivariate analyses, a significant association was found between blood lead and blood pressure. This relation was stronger for systolic than for diastolic blood pressure. Of the 141 elderly men free of coronary heart disease in 1977, 26 developed coronary heart disease between 1977 and 1985. Blood lead was not associated with coronary heart disease incidence in both univariate and multivariate analyses.
PREDICTOR, IMPACT, AND PROGNOSTIC FACTOR OF ANGIOGRAPHIC NO-REFLOW PHENOMENON IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENT FOR ACUTE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Youngkeun Ahn, Seo Na Hong, Nam Sik Yoon, Hae Chang Jeong, Doo Sun Sim, Young Joon Hong, Hyung Wook Park, Ju Han Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Chun Park, Jung Chaee Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Novel ultrasonic contrast agent targeted to D-dimer using DD-3B6 monoclonal F(ab) in vitro
Authors: Gregory M. Lanza, Kirk D. Wallace, Paul R. Eisenberg, Michael J. Scott, William P. Cacheris, Donald H. Christy, Angela M. Sharkey, James G. Miller, Samuel A. Wickline
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)