tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Sulfhydryl Groups on the Impaired Hepatic 3′,3,5-Triiodothyronine Generation from Thyroxine in the Hypothyroid, Starved, Fetal, and Neonatal Rodent
Authors: Arthur R. C. Harris, Shih-Lieh Fang, Lee Hinerfeld, Lewis E. Braverman, Apostolos G. Vagenakis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The role of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) in the decreased in vitro hepatic 3′,3,5-triiodothyronine (T3) generation from thyroxine (T4) in the starved, hypothyroid, fetal and 1- to 4-d-old neonatal rat and dwarf mouse was assessed. NPSH were measured in fresh 25% liver homogenates prepared in 0.1 M PO4/10 mM EDTA buffer. As compared with values in adult male rats, NPSH concentration was decreased in the 2-d-starved (1.1±0.04 (mean±SE) vs. 2.2±0.15 mmol/250 g wet liver weight, P < 0.001), fetal (1.0±0.04 vs. 3.2±0.08, P < 0.001), 1-d-old neonatal (1.1±0.03 vs. 2.1±0.04, P < 0.001), and hypothyroid (thyroidectomized 60 d) (1.4±0.06 vs. 2.2±0.15 P < 0.001) rat. NPSH were also decreased in the hypothyroid, hypopituitary dwarf mouse as compared with values in their normal litter mates (1.3±0.03 vs. 2.0±0.2, P < 0.01). Chronic administration of T3 (0.5 μg/100 g body wt per d) markedly increased hepatic T3 generation from T4 in the thyroidectomized rat and in the dwarf mouse to values similar to those observed in the normal rodent without affecting NPSH concentration. In contrast, T3 administration to the starved rat did not alter either hepatic T3 generation from T4 or NPSH. Reduced glutathione concentration was also markedly decreased in the starved rat (fed; 1.05±0.075 mmol/250 g wet tissue vs. starved 0.38±0.02, P < 0.001). Dithiothreitol (DTT), a thiol reducing agent, increased hepatic T3 generation from T4 in the normal adult male rat by 45±5% in six experiments. When compared to DTT-stimulated control homogenates, the addition of DTT completely restored hepatic T3 generation in starved rats, partially restored T3 generation in 1- and 4-d-old neonates, but had little or no effect in the fetal and hypothyroid rat and dwarf mouse. Liver homogenates stored for 6 mo at −20°C lost their capacity to generate T3 from T4. NPSH concentrations in the frozen homogenates decreased progressively with increasing storage and were absent by 6 mo. 5′-Deiodinase activity correlated with NPSH concentration in the stored homogenates (r = 0.95, P < 0.005). Addition of DTT partially restored hepatic T3 generation in the frozen homogenate. It is concluded that NPSH are important for the action of the liver 5′-deiodinase. The decreased hepatic T3 generation in the starved rat is associated with decreased NPSH but not with a decrease in the absolute quantity of 5′-deiodinase because provision of sulfhydryl groups restored hepatic T3 generation to normal. In contrast, the decreased hepatic T3 generation in the adult hypothyroid rodent and in the fetal rat is probably due to a decrease in the enzyme concentration per se. In the 1- and 4-d neonatal rat, the decrease in hepatic T3 generation is secondary to a decrease in NPSH and the deiodinating enzyme.
A Case of Severe Calciphylaxis Seen on Three-Phase Bone Scan
Authors: Adrian Cosmin, Gabriel Soudry
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 60-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis presented with cellulitis of both pretibial areas, which did not respond to antibiotics. She then underwent a bone scan showing evidence of calciphylaxis. She was subsequently diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure with parathyroid hormone levels as high as 2500. She underwent a total parathyroidectomy with reimplantation of one parathyroid gland into the left forearm.
It's not fishy: fruit of the sea may foil cardiovascular disease
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What Is Meant by “Increased Risk for Suicide”?
Authors: Matthew B. Wintersteen, Alan L. Berman, Morton M. Silverman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Complexes of IgA with FcαRI/CD89 are not specific for primary IgA nephropathy
Authors: Paul J.M. van der Boog, Johan W. de Fijter, Cees van Kooten, Rutger van der Holst, Anneke van Seggelen, Leendert A. van Es, Mohamed R. Daha
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Sequester to force $1.5bn cut in NIH budget
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Sequestration cuts from the federal budget agreement will force the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) to issue fewer competitive research project grants, to admit fewer new patients to its Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, and cap stipends for its National Research Service Award to researchers in training, says a fact sheet the NIH released on 4 June.1

The cuts will slow progress in a wide variety of research efforts, including work on new anticancer drugs, a universal flu vaccine, and chronic disease prevention, and will have an economic effect across the country, the NIH predicted. 

Sequestration …
Case 4-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Michael J. Bresnan, Edward P. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of CaseA 15-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of stupor.She was well until two months previously, when she struck her occiput in a gymnasium class but did not lose consciousness. On the following day she had blurred vision and was examined by an ophthalmologist, who found a right macular hemorrhage and prescribed prednisone. During the next three weeks her vision returned to normal, and the prednisone therapy was tapered in amount and omitted. She then felt well until three and a half weeks before entry, when she began to complain of fatigue and headache. Several . . .
Extrauterine Conception — More Uniformity? — Operation Dump
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE successful extrauterine fertilization of a women's ovum with her husband's sperm, which was carried out in a laboratory by a Cambridge physiologist, Dr. Robert Edwards, in collaboration with Mr. Patrick Steptoe, a gynecologist in Oldham, Lancashire, and the subsequent successful implantation of the embryo in the mother's uterus, must be regarded as an outstanding scientific achievement.1 When this procedure was followed by an apparently normal pregnancy and the delivery, by cesarean section, of a normal baby girl, there were congratulations for all who had been involved.Reaction to the news of the birth of the first "test-tube" baby has . . .
Nuclear Disaster Preparedness: The SONGS Scenario
Authors: Harold J. Leider
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your issue of Aug 1, 1986, contained several news items and special communications as well as editorial comment on the "fallout" of the Chernobyl disaster. It was quite informative except for the absence of a contribution from that segment of medicine associated with the nuclear utility industry, the physicians most intimately in contact with the greatest number of potential casualties (nuclear utility plant workers). Following the Three Mile Island incident in 1979, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued regulations designed to cope with similar potential accidents. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's regulatory guide (regulation 0654) specifically mandates preparations, by the utility, to use local off-site facilities for medical treatment of radiation-contaminated injured individuals. In 1980, nuclear utilities were directed to provide training and drills to community medical support personnel on an annual basis. In the case of the Southern California Edison Company's San Onofre nuclear plant, training sessions have
Specific tolerance induction across a xenogeneic barrier: production of mixed rat/mouse lymphohematopoietic chimeras using a nonlethal preparative regimen.
Authors: Y Sharabi, I Aksentijevich, T M Sundt, D H Sachs, M Sykes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The development of safe methods for inducing donor-specific tolerance across xenogeneic barriers could potentially relieve the critical shortage of allograft donors that currently limits the applicability of organ transplantation. We report here that such tolerance can be induced in a xenogeneic combination (rat----mouse) using a nonmyeloablative and nonlethal preparative regimen. Successful induction of chimerism and donor-specific transplantation tolerance required pretreatment of recipients with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against NK1.1, Thy-1.2, CD4 and CD8, followed by administration of 3 Gy whole body radiation (WBI), 7 Gy thymic irradiation, and infusion of T cell-depleted rat bone marrow cells (BMC). Rat cells appeared among peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of such recipients by 2-3 wk, and rat T cells by 2-5 wk following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Donor-type rat skin grafts placed 4 mo after BMT were accepted, while simultaneously placed non-donor-type rat skin grafts were promptly rejected. In addition to its clinical potential, the ability to induce donor-specific tolerance across xenogeneic barriers using such a nonlethal preparative regimen provides a valuable model for the study of mechanisms of xenogeneic transplantation tolerance.
Differential regulation of IgG1 and IgE synthesis by interleukin 4.
Authors: C M Snapper, F D Finkelman, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

IL-4/B cell stimulatory factor-1 is a T cell-derived lymphokine that has been shown to enhance IgG1 and IgE and to suppress IgG3 and IgG2b secretion by B cells stimulated with bacterial LPS. We show here that the stimulation of IgG1 and IgE secretion in response to rIL-4 is differentially regulated. The dose-response curve for IgG1 production is bimodal with peaks at 100 and 10,000 U/ml. IgE production is modest at 100 U/ml and exhibits a progressive enhancement as the IL-4 concentration is increased to 10,000 U/ml, reaching approximately 1 microgram of IgE from an initial cell number of 2 X 10(4). Both of these effects are reversed by monoclonal anti-IL-4 antibody. Neither the enhancing nor suppressing effects of IL-4 can be explained by changes in viable cell yields or [3H]thymidine incorporation. The production of both IgG1 and IgE is controlled by IL-4 in a two-phase manner. During the initial 2 d of culture with LPS, IL-4 action for both IgG1 and IgE production is relatively concentration independent at doses greater than 600 U/ml. This 2-d treatment leads to maximal IgG1 production at day 6 with no further addition of IL-4. Addition of IL-4 during the final 4 d of culture has no effect at concentrations under 100 U/ml. At higher concentrations, IL-4 is strikingly suppressive for IgG1 production. By contrast, little IgE is produced unless IL-4 is present after 2 d of culture and the response is directly dependent on the concentration of IL-4 during this second phase of culture with maximal responses observed at 10,000 U/ml. These differences in IL-4 requirements for IgG1 and IgE production, respectively, may have an important role in the regulation of the synthesis of these isotypes in responses to microbial antigens.
OBSTRUCTION OF BOWEL—DIETL'S CRISIS
Authors: BROWN REXWALD
Journal: JAMA (1910)

equal to their normal average.Although in our puer¬ peral series the average percentage eliminated is greatei m the first than in the second hour, the relative differ¬ ence is not so great as is observed in non-obstetrical patients, and in several instances the figures for the second hour are higher than for the first.AI the saint lime the total annum!eliminated corresponds fairly well with Bountree and (¡eraghty's normal low limit, as the average was 61.0 per cent, with extremes of -18.2 and 76.9 per cent., while in six instances the readings fell within their normal limits.Comparison of the results obtained in these two series of cases seems to indicate thai several important points of difference exist in the renal activity of pregnant and puerperal women, which may he summarized as follows:
Androgens in Men — Uses and Abuses
Authors: Carrie J. Bagatell, William J. Bremner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The female steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, are prescribed widely by physicians, and their risks and benefits have been studied extensively. Although androgen preparations have been available for many years, most clinicians are less familiar with these hormones, and their risks and benefits have received less attention. The most common indication for androgen therapy is hypogonadism in men, but other potential uses of androgens are being explored. In addition, androgen abuse has become common among athletes and bodybuilders. It is therefore important that physicians be aware of the physiology, pharmacology, clinical indications, and adverse effects of androgens.PhysiologyThe hypothalamus . . .
The ENHANCE Study and Marketing Ezetimibe—Reply
Authors: Philip Greenland
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2792: Characterization of spontaneous in vivo cachexia models in Champions TumorGraft™ models.
Authors: Nathan Anderson, Tin Oo Khor, Andrew Feldhaus, Katie Olson, John Latham, David Sidransky, Elizabeth M. Bruckheimer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cachexia, defined as a loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass not reversible by nutritional support, is present in the majority of patients with advanced cancer progression. This reduces the patient's quality of life and impacts their ability to function normally and undergo treatments. Reversing cachexia has been problematic due to a lack of quality pre-clinical models. Traditional xenograft models using cell lines are limited due to their inability to accurately replicate the whole body response to cancer. Champions Oncology overcomes this challenge through the use of its innovative Champions TumorGraft™ platform, where primary human tumors are implanted into immunocompromised mice in a manner that preserves the biological properties of the original human tumor. Champions has identified a panel of three TumorGraft models which spontaneously induce cachexia when implanted subcutaneously into nude mice: 1) CTG-0282, a pancreatic cancer model, 2) CTG-0765, a NSCLC model, and 3) CTG-0804, a renal cell carcinoma model. All three models have shown a greater than 90% cachexia rate, as demonstrated by lost body weight, over multiple passages. In addition, loss of body weight correlates with an increase in tumor volume size. Mice that have little or no tumor growth show no loss of body weight. Past studies have indicated a function for pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFNγ), in the cachexia process. Champions is currently investigating the roles of these possible tumor-mediated factors in the aforementioned models. Principle among these factors is IL-6, which has been shown to be required in the regulation of cachexia in tumor-bearing mice and is correlated with weight loss and survival in patients. Preliminary results from our studies suggest a correlation between IL-6 levels and spontaneous cachexia in Champions TumorGraft models. In summary, we demonstrate that the Champions TumorGraft platform preserves the biological properties of the original human tumor, including spontaneous cachexia behavior in these models, and is therefore ideal for oncology drug development programs focused on the inhibition of cachexia. Citation Format: Nathan Anderson, Tin Oo Khor, Andrew Feldhaus, Katie Olson, John Latham, David Sidransky, Elizabeth M. Bruckheimer. Characterization of spontaneous in vivo cachexia models in Champions TumorGraft™ models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2792. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2792
Long-Term Preservation of Ischemic Myocardium after Experimental Coronary Artery Occlusion
Authors: Derek Maclean, Michael C. Fishbein, Eugene Braunwald, Peter R. Maroko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The results of experiments with indirect methods have suggested that various interventions reduce infarct size after coronary artery occlusion. To determine and quantify directly both the short- and long-term effects of several interventions on myocardial salvage without relying on indirect methods, the left coronary artery was occluded in 880 rats; they were then given either no treatment or one of the following interventions: (a) hyaluronidase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes interstitial glycoproteins, 1,500 National Formulary (NF) U/kg i.v. 5 min and 24 h after occlusion; (b) cobra venom factor, a protein that depletes the third component of complement, 20 U/kg i.v. 5 min after occlusion; (c) a glucocorticoid: hydrocortisone, 50 mg/kg i.v. 5 min after occlusion; or the five-fold more potent methylprednisolone (MP): (i) 50 mg/kg i.v. 5 min after occlusion or (ii) 50 mg/kg i.v. 5 min after occlusion followed by 50 mg/kg i.m. 3, 6, and 24 h after occlusion; or (d) reserpine, an agent that depletes the heart of catecholamines, 0.5 mg/kg i.m. once on each of the 3 days before occlusion. The animals were sacrificed either 2 days after occlusion, i.e., at the time of peak necrosis, or after 3 wk, i.e., after the infarct was completely healed. The amount of preserved myocardium was then assessed by two independent techniques: planimetric measurement of serial histologic sections and creatine kinase activity of the whole left ventricle. The amount of normal myocardium preserved at 21 days postocclusion was significantly increased, by 22.3±7.8% (P < 0.025) after the administration of hyaluronidase, by 25.3±5.8% (P < 0.005) after cobra venom factor, by 14.5±6.9% (P < 0.05) after hydrocortisone, by 20.8±8.2% (P < 0.025) after the single dose of MP, by 20.9±3.9% (P < 0.001) after the four doses of MP, and by 10.2±3.7% (P < 0.05) as a result of pretreatment with reserpine. The four doses of MP significantly thinned the infarct—by 25.6±2.9% (P < 0.001)—and although ventricular rupture did not occur, the intervention caused distension of the left ventricle as a result of stretching of the infarcted tissue during scar formation. Thus, myocardium acutely jeopardized by ischemia can be preserved on a long-term basis.
Sarcoid-Like Reaction in the Spleen Following Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Thomas B. Reilly, David M. Schuster, Michael D. Starsiak, Christine B. Kost, Raghuveer K. Halkar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

The use of 2-deoxy-2-F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computerized tomography (FDG PET-CT) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, staging, and restaging for both non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We present a 57-year-old female patient with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, involving the lungs and spleen. The patient is status post right upper lobectomy and right middle lobectomy. There was an initial FDG PET-CT followed by a postchemotherapy FDG PET-CT. The patient received 8 courses of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) and rituxan therapy. The initial postchemotherapy FDG PET-CT showed no hypermetabolic uptake in the spleen. An FDG PET-CT completed 4 months later subsequently showed increased uptake in the spleen. The patient underwent a splenectomy due to the suspicion of recurrence. The pathology of the spleen came back as noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoid-like reaction.
Ifosfamide impairs the allostimulatory capacity of human dendritic cells by intracellular glutathione depletion
Authors: Maria C. Kuppner, Anabel Scharner, Valeria Milani, Christoph von Hesler, Katharina E. Tschöp, Oksana Heinz, Rolf D. Issels
Journal: Blood (2003)