tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multivitamin Use, Folate, and Colon Cancer in Women in the Nurses' Health Study
Authors: Edward Giovannucci
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: High intake of folate may reduce risk for colon cancer, but the dosage and duration relations and the impact of dietary compared with supplementary sources are not well understood. Objective: To evaluate the relation between folate intake and incidence of colon cancer. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 88 756 women from the Nurses' Health Study who were free of cancer in 1980 and provided updated assessments of diet, including multivitamin supplement use, from 1980 to 1994. Patients: 442 women with new cases of colon cancer. Measurements: Multivariate relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs for colon cancer in relation to energy-adjusted folate intake. Results: Higher energy-adjusted folate intake in 1980 was related to a lower risk for colon cancer (RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.93] for intake >400 µg/d compared with intake ≤ 200 µg/d) after controlling for age; family history of colorectal cancer; aspirin use; smoking; body mass; physical activity; and intakes of red meat, alcohol, methionine, and fiber. When intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E and intake of calcium were also controlled for, results were similar. Women who used multivitamins containing folic acid had no benefit with respect to colon cancer after 4 years of use (RR, 1.02) and had only nonsignificant risk reductions after 5 to 9 (RR, 0.83) or 10 to 14 years of use (RR, 0.80). After 15 years of use, however, risk was markedly lower (RR, 0.25 [CI, 0.13 to 0.51]), representing 15 instead of 68 new cases of colon cancer per 10 000 women 55 to 69 years of age. Folate from dietary sources alone was related to a modest reduction in risk for colon cancer, and the benefit of long-term multivitamin use was present across all levels of dietary intakes. Conclusions: Long-term use of multivitamins may substantially reduce risk for colon cancer. This effect may be related to the folic acid contained in multivitamins.
The myth of the myth of martyrdom
Authors: Yael Sela, Todd K. Shackelford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Lankford asserts that suicide terrorism is attributable to suicidality. We argue in this commentary that this assertion is not well supported theoretically or empirically. In addition, we suggest that failure to acknowledge religious beliefs as motivationally causal for suicide terrorism may place innocent people at risk of murder in the service of political correctness and multiculturalism.
Hazards of Prolonged Use of Beclomethasone Spray
Authors: John Morrison Smith
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue ofThe Journal(1982;247:885), a question was raised and a reply given by Irwin J. Polk, MD, regarding use of beclomethasone dipropionate spray. The reply is, in my opinion, likely to be misleading to physicians and to result in denying valuable treatment to many patients for whom the quality of life could be greatly improved with little risk of serious side effects. Internists and pediatricians in the United Kingdom and elsewhere have now had up to ten years experience with this inhaled steroid in patients of all ages with asthma. In therapeutic doses of up to 800 mg in adolescents and adults and up to 400 mg in children, it has proved to be largely free of serious side effects. Clinical experience does not suggest significant suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, even after many years of continuous use. Planned studies in children such
Altered Cardiac Repolarization in Association with Air Pollution and Air Temperature among Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: Regina Hampel, Alexandra Schneider, Irene Brüske, Wojciech Zareba, Josef Cyrys, Regina Rückerl, Susanne Breitner, Harald Korb, Jordi Sunyer, H.-Erich Wichmann, Annette Peters
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Epidemiological studies have shown that ambient particulate matter (PM) and changes in air temperature are associated with increased cardiopulmonary events.We hypothesized that patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) experience changes in heart rate (HR) and repolarization parameters, such as Bazett-corrected QT interval (QTc), and T-wave amplitude (Tamp), in association with increases in air pollution and temperature changes.Between May 2003 and February 2004, 67 MI survivors from the Augsburg KORA-MI registry repeatedly sent 16 sec electrocardiograms (ECGs) with a personal transmitter (Viapac) via telephone to the Philips Monitoring Center, where ECG parameters were immediately analyzed. Meteorological data and air pollutants were acquired from fixed monitoring sites on an hourly basis. Additive mixed models were used for analysis. Effect modification by patient characteristics was investigated.The analysis of the 1,745 ECGs revealed an increased HR associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM levels among participants not using beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and among those with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m². We observed a 24- to 47-hr lagged QTc prolongation [0.5% change (95% confidence interval, 0.0-1.0%)] in association with IQR increases in levels of PM ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, especially in patients with one [0.6% (0.1-1.0%)] or two [1.2% (0.4-2.1%)] minor alleles of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2364725. Positive immediate (0-23 hr) and inverse delayed (48-71 hr up to 96-119 hr) associations were evident between PM and Tamp. We detected an inverse U-shaped association between temperature and Tamp, with a maximum Tamp at 5°C.Increased air pollution levels and temperature changes may lead to changes in HR and repolarization parameters that may be precursors of cardiac problems.
Disease-Related Conditions in Relatives of Patients with Hemochromatosis
Authors: Zaneta J. Bulaj, Richard S. Ajioka, John D. Phillips, Bernard A. LaSalle, Lynn B. Jorde, Linda M. Griffen, Corwin Q. Edwards, James P. Kushner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Hemochromatosis occurs in approximately 5 white people per 1000 and is usually due to homozygosity for mutations in the HLA-linked HFE gene. Although screening has been proposed, the proportion of homozygotes with conditions related to hemochromatosis is uncertain.
Nuchal acne keloidalis associated with cyclosporin
Authors: L. Carnero, J.F. Silvestre, J. Guijarro, M.P. Albares, R. Botella
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Sir, The occurrence of disorders of the pilosebaceous follicle following treatment with cyclosporin is frequent and well known. Hypertricosis, tricholemmal cysts, acne and sebaceous hyperplasia have been described in such cases.1,2 Another reported side‐effect of cyclosporin is the development of excessive granulation tissue, as in the case of gingival hyperplasia and the formation of periungueal pyogenic granulomas.3,4 Recently Lear et al. reported a case of excessive perifollicular granulation tissue in the form of hyperplastic pseudofolliculitis barbae.5 A 54‐year‐old man complained of cutaneous lesions of the nape of the neck, which he had had for 2 years. He thought they were related to his cyclosporin treatment. He had no clinical history of acne during his adolescence. He had noticed that when he was given cyclosporin the skin lesions worsened. Conversely when he was given less cyclosporin the skin lesions improved and actually disappeared. He had a past history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and in October 1997 had received a liver transplant for hepatocarcinoma. His current treatment was cyclosporin 200 mg daily, nifedipine 60 mg daily, amiloride chlorhydrate 10 mg + hydrochlorthiazide 100 mg daily. On examination of the skin there were follicular papules and pustules, of firm consistency, grouped together as plaques with the appearance of scarring. Skin biopsy showed a dilated follicular infundibulum occupied by inflammatory cells, keratin and amorphous material. In the adjacent dermis there was an abscess‐like zone with a marked fibroblastic scar reaction and vascular neogenesis. The histological diagnosis was keloid acne. On culture of the biopsy material there was an extensive growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Studies for fungi and mycobacteria were negative.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN IN ACQUIRED AND HEKEDITARY PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA
Authors: R. H. CORMANE, N. SIMON, E. SZABO, C.H. BEEK, TIO TIONG HOO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN IN ACQUIRED AND HEKEDITARY PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA Get access R. H. CORMANE, R. H. CORMANE Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam, Binnengasthuis, Amsterdam, Holland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. SIMON, N. SIMON Department of Dermatology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. SZABÒ, E. SZABÒ Department of Dermatology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.H. BEEK, C.H. BEEK Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty of Rottrdam, Rotterdam, Holland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar TIO TIONG HOO TIO TIONG HOO Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty of Rottrdam, Rotterdam, Holland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 6, 1 December 1971, Pages 531–539, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14078.x Published: 01 December 1971 Article history Accepted: 28 June 1971 Published: 01 December 1971
Recurrence of Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Kenneth D. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  I would like to disagree with Dr. George A. Sheehan (220:864, 1972) in his comment in regard to common recurrence of  mononucleosis. In 15 years and some 1,500 cases of this disease in a university population, I have never seen a bona fide recurrence of a previous case which had a proven recovery from the first attack. Exacerbations in unresolved cases, yes; but recurrences in proven cure cases, no. Often, the illusion is created by inadequate diagnosis of supposed previous cases. This reflects the experience of some 350 physicians at the International Symposium on Infectious Mononucleosis in Washington, DC, in 1967. The consensus there was that infectious mononucleosis was less likely to recur than chicken pox, measles, and other common childhood diseases.  If Dr. Sheehan has valid data, they would be of inestimable value. Lacking such, it is only harmful and disconcerting to hear such statements
Backpedalling from Blair's privatisation agenda
Authors: Nicholas Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Health experts clashed this week over the long term health risks for women who have terminations as the House of Commons science and technology committee launched its inquiry into whether the abortion laws in England and Wales need updating in the light of current knowledge.Doctors who gave evidence at the committee's first session agreed that the research showed that women who have induced abortions are more likely to have premature births in future-and the more terminations they have, the greater the risk.But there was disagreement about whether abortion increases the risk of mental health problems in later life and whether women who have terminations are more prone to breast cancer.The MPs are considering whether medical research indicates that the 24 week normal cut-off point for abortion should be reduced.The Pro-Life Alliance wants the upper limit cut to 20 weeks, but the BMA says that the number surviving at 24 weeks is still "extremely small" and argues that the limit should stay as it is.There were 193 000 abortions in England and Wales last year, 89% of them performed in the first 13 weeks.The MPs were told that a new study of the most premature babies, EPICure2, was expected to find no evidence of recent improvement in chances of survival.The British Association of Perinatal Medicine said that initial findings from the study did not support arguments for the upper limit to be reduced.Rates of survival for babies born below 24 weeks' gestation in 2006 were 10-15%, the same as in 1995, the association said in a written submission.But
Should reviewers of papers have their names published?: Practical example gives encouraging insights
Authors: Gunther Eysenbach
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-Despite research in tropical medicine being undertaken in countries from low human development index, authorship and editorial opinion remain with countries from higher development index.This unfair trend observed by Keiser et al demands to be addressed and overturned. 1 This observed bias may arise because countries of high human development index fund the bulk of research in tropical medicine. 2 3Authors from these countries have prepared the grant applications, taken principal investigator status, and believe that they should take primary or terminal authorship.Researchers from low human development index countries can break this cycle only if they can obtain international funding themselves or are allowed authorship by the principal investigators.It seems this is rarely extended to the collaborators in tropical countries, even though they are the ones practically conducting the study.If such generosity in authorship and mentorship were provided, this would enable researchers from low human devel-
Dr. J. C. Boileau Grant
Authors: Ebo K. Sauerland
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE VISITOR approached the modern building at the University of Toronto. A large bronze sign caught his attention: "The Discovery of Insulin 1921." Here, Banting and Best announced their dramatic discovery. This medical complex invariably was a stimulating environment. Many scientists, like the renowned pathologist Dr. William Boyd, wrote books of immense impact. Entering the Anatomy Department, the visitor strolled along the basement corridor stopping by a name plate on the door. It read, "Dr. J. C. B. Grant." Once inside, he had the strange impression that Dr. Grant simply left for lunch, temporarily interrupting his work. Grant's white coat was casually thrown over a chair. His teapot and a box of favorite biscuits stood on a shelf. A partly dissected anatomical specimen—several cervical vertebrae, the joint capsules neatly prepared, reposed on a working table. Nearby lay a scalpel, forceps, scissors, probe, and magnifying glass. Obviously, the work of the
775-3 Altered Vascular Biomechanical Properties Precede Angiographically Detectable Disease in Early Atherosclerosis of LDL Receptor Deficiency
Authors: Mun K. Hong, Jeffrey M. Hoeg, Jafar Vossoughi, Robert F. Hoyt, S. Chiu Wong, Gary S. Mintz, Bram D. Zuckerman, Moshe D. Mehlman, Kenneth M. Kent, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Biomarkers in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Federica Villanova, Paola Di Meglio, Frank O Nestle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated disease of the skin, which associates in 20–30% of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The immunopathogenesis of both conditions is not fully understood as it is the result of a complex interaction between genetic, environmental and immunological factors. At present there is no cure for psoriasis and there are no specific markers that can accurately predict disease progression and therapeutic response. Therefore, biomarkers for disease prognosis and response to treatment are urgently needed to help clinicians with objective indications to improve patient management and outcomes. Although many efforts have been made to identify psoriasis/PsA biomarkers none of them has yet been translated into routine clinical practice. In this review we summarise the different classes of possible biomarkers explored in psoriasis and PsA so far and discuss novel strategies for biomarker discovery.
Prophylaxis against Group A Streptococci in Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Gene H. Stollerman, Jerome H. Rusoff, Ilse Hirschfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE prevention of recurrences of rheumatic fever depend on the protection of the patient against infection with Group A streptococci. The daily oral administration of sulfonamides or penicillin has been employed with considerable success for this purpose.1 The major limitation of continuous oral chemoprophylaxis is that patients are apt to forget to take their medication regularly. For this reason the administration of penicillin parenterally by infrequent injections may afford a more reliable method of prophylaxis.Preliminary studies indicate that the administration of single monthly injections of benzathine penicillin to rheumatic subjects confers a high degree of protection against infection with . . .
Neurogenic inflammation and lowering of interstitial fluid pressure in rat trachea is inhibited by alpha-trinositol.
Authors: K Woie, R K Reed
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The effect of alpha-trinositol (D-myoinositol-1,2,6-triphosphate) on edema formation and capillary permeability in neurogenically induced inflammatory edema was investigated in rat trachea. Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) was studied, since increased negativity of Pif contributes to edema formation in this situation. alpha-Trinositol was used because it inhibits edema formation, capillary leakage, and increased negativity of Pif in burn-injured skin. Pif was measured with sharpened glass capillaries (3 to 7 microns) connected to a servocontrolled counterpressure system after circulatory arrest (induced by intracardiac injection of saturated potassium chloride in pentobarbital anesthesia). This was done in order to avoid the edema formation associated with inflammatory reactions, which will raise interstitial fluid volume and Pif, causing the underestimation of an increased negativity of Pif. Neurogenic inflammation induced by electrical-field stimulation of the left vagal nerve (10 V, 20 Hz, 0.5 ms) lowered Pif from -1.4 +/- 0.6 mm Hg to -8.4 +/- 2.1 mm Hg (p < 0.01). Corresponding numbers after the intravenous administration of alpha-trinositol (40 mg/kg) before stimulation were -1.2 +/- 0.4 and -1.4 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, respectively (p > 0.05). Another series of animals with intact circulation was used to study the effect of vagal nerve stimulation and alpha-trinositol on edema formation (total tissue water and extravascular 51Cr-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid-[EDTA] space) and albumin extravasation. These parameters increased significantly after vagal nerve stimulation, while intravenous alpha-trinositol (40 and 120 mg/kg), as given above, significantly attenuated this increase. Thus, alpha-trinositol prevented a lowering of Pif and the edema formation accompanying neurogenic inflammation in rat trachea.
Hospitalization for Tubal Sterilization
Authors: Herbert P. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Peter M. Layde, MD, et al (1981;245:714) warrants further comment and an update of the subject. Substantial reductions in the length of stay (LOS) after sexual tubal sterilization (STS) have been achieved in the past five years since those described by Layde et al; many contemporary facilities have now settled on a stay of four to six hours postoperatively as the standard of therapy. In achieving this, the laparoscope was but one of the technical innovations contributing to the reduction rather than its cause; other important changes were in progress in the last ten years that brought about the short LOS. First, favorable experience with STS by family planners in India and Southeast Asia during the early 1970s performed in free-standing clinics and "tubectomy" camps used little or no analgesia or anesthesia, and minimal postoperative supervision was needed for safe recovery.<sup>1</sup>Later, Lubell
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation
Authors: Philipp Lurz, Louise Coats, Sachin Khambadkone, Johannes Nordmeyer, Younes Boudjemline, Silvia Schievano, Vivek Muthurangu, Twin Yen Lee, Giovanni Parenzan, Graham Derrick, Seamus Cullen, Fiona Walker, Victor Tsang, John Deanfield, Andrew M. Taylor, Philipp Bonhoeffer
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation was introduced in the year 2000 as a nonsurgical treatment for patients with right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction. Methods and Results— Between September 2000 and February 2007, 155 patients with stenosis and/or regurgitation underwent percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. This led to significant reduction in right ventricular systolic pressure (from 63±18 to 45±13 mm Hg, P &lt;0.001) and right ventricular outflow tract gradient (from 37±20 to 17±10 mm Hg, P &lt;0.001). Follow-up ranged from 0 to 83.7 months (median 28.4 months). Freedom from reoperation was 93% (±2%), 86% (±3%), 84% (±4%), and 70% (±13%) at 10, 30, 50, and 70 months, respectively. Freedom from transcatheter reintervention was 95% (±2%), 87% (±3%), 73% (±6%), and 73% (±6%) at 10, 30, 50, and 70 months, respectively. Survival at 83 months was 96.9%. On time-dependent analysis, the first series of 50 patients (log-rank test P &lt;0.001) and patients with a residual gradient &gt;25 mm Hg (log-rank test P =0.01) were associated with a higher risk of reoperations. Conclusions— Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation resulted in the ability to avoid surgical right ventricular outflow tract revision in the majority of cases. This procedure might reduce the number of operations needed over the total lifetime of patients with right ventricle–to–pulmonary artery conduits.
Risk of misidentification of Enterobacter aerogenes inducible cephalosporinases
Authors: Vincenzo Savini, Chiara Catavitello, Andrea Balbinot, Marzia Talia, Assunta Manna, Fabio Febbo, Arianna Pompilio, Giovanni Di Bonaventura, Raffaele Piccolomini, Domenico D'Antonio
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Evidence for differential intracellular signaling via CD4 and CD8 molecules.
Authors: K S Ravichandran, S J Burakoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Although both the CD4 and CD8 molecules enhance antigen responsiveness mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), it is not known whether CD4 and CD8 initiate similar or different intracellular signals when they act as coreceptors. To characterize the early signals transmitted by CD4 and CD8, both CD4 and CD8 alpha were expressed in the same murine T cell hybridoma. In the double positive transfectants, CD4 and CD8 associated with equal amounts of p56lck (Lck), and both molecules enhanced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production equivalently when cross-linked with suboptimal levels of anti-TCR antibody. However, in an in vitro kinase assay, cross-linking CD4 initiated fourfold greater kinase activity compared with CD8 cross-linking. In the same assay, when CD4 or CD8 was cross-linked to the TCR, novel phosphorylated proteins were found associated with the TCR/CD4 complex but not with the TCR/CD8 complex. Consistent with this data, antiphosphotyrosine immunoblotting revealed greater tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular substrates after TCR/CD4 cross-linking compared with TCR/CD8 cross-linking. Additionally, a specific protein kinase C inhibitor (RO318220) inhibited CD8-mediated enhancement of IL-2 production far more effectively than CD4-mediated enhancement. Thus, it appears that CD8 alpha may depend more on a protein kinase C-mediated signaling pathway, whereas CD4 may rely on greater tyrosine kinase activation. Such differential signaling via CD4 and CD8 has implications for thymic ontogeny and T cell activation.