tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NI-55 * PARAMETRIC MAPS OF CONTRAST AGENT DIFFUSION USING A NOVEL DIFFUSION-PERFUSION MODEL APPLIED TO DCE-MRI CAN DIFFERENTIATE NON-ENHANCING TUMOR FROM EDEMA IN HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: K. Leu, A. Tran, W. Pope, A. Lai, P. Nghiemphu, R. Harris, D. Woodworth, T. Cloughesy, B. Ellingson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: We propose a new method for estimating the diffusion of contrast agent in the perfusion scan, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI. We term the new parameteres “effective diffusion coefficients (Deff)”, due to the possibility of simultaneous diffusion and bulk flow in the brain. METHODS: Twenty-six glioblastoma patients were scanned after informed consent. All scans were acquired at the time of declared progression of the tumor. MRI was performed with a 3T Siemens scanner (Erlangen, Germany). A total of 130 images were acquired with five-second time resolution. The bolus of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Gd-DTPA, gadopenetic acid, Magnevist) was injected after 10-13 images. Diffusion was estimated via a perfusion-diffusion combination model. RESULTS: To establish whether the diffusion estimates provide new information or can simply be explained by perfusion, we first assess the correlation between diffusion and the traditional DCE parameter from the Tofts model, Ktrans. Within enhancing tumor lesions, where Ktrans is typically used to assess neovascularization, the average correlation is 0.28 ± 0.07 (mean ± standard error), which shows that diffusion estimates depend little on perfusion. We then compare interpatient variability of the same two parameters in normal appearing white matter, with Deff having mean to standard deviation ratio, a form of signal to noise ratio, of 1.55, while the same metric for Ktrans was 0.87. The mean of Deff in NAWM is 3.8x10−4 mm2/s and in tumor is 6.39x10−3 mm2/s. Finally, we determine thresholds that best separate tumor voxels from non-tumor voxels and assess classification accuracy over five trials with sensitivity/specificity of Deff being 91.6/75.3 and for Ktrans, 75.2/74.9, with sensitivity being significanly higher with Deff (p = 3.2x10−9). DISCUSSION: Our preliminary results suggest that Deff provides new information about glioblastomas not achievable by the Tofts model, has greater robustness across patients than Ktrans, and is more sensitive to tumors.
Gene-specific and global methylation patterns predict outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: S Deneberg, M Grövdal, M Karimi, M Jansson, H Nahi, A Corbacioglu, V Gaidzik, K Döhner, C Paul, T J Ekström, E Hellström-Lindberg, S Lehmann
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Prescribing of Benzodiazepines
Authors: Walter Strauser
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The report by Hasday and Karch investigating benzodiazepine prescribing in a family medical center states in its opening paragraph that diazepam  now the most widely prescribed drug in the United States. This was true in 1973, but in 1981 diazepam was the fourth most widely written outpatient prescription, trailing behind cimetidine, propranolol, and ibuprofen (Pharmaceutical Data Services, September 1981).  It is surprising to learn that only 65 (3.4%) of 1,886 benzodiazepine prescriptions were written to be taken as needed or taken as directed in the studied center. This would seem to indicate that there is a low incidence of intermittent anxiety among the population studied, assuming that apro re natamedication would be more appropriate therapy for an intermittent anxiety disorder.2In my outpatient experience at several hospitals during my training, I have found far more frequent indication forpro re natausage of
PM-13 * BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF HISTONE MUTATIONS IN THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN
Authors: J. Larson, L. Kasper, H. Russell, C. Qu, X. Zhu, P. McKinnon, S. Baker
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Pediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas (HGG) account for 20 percent of primary brain tumors in children and have a devastating outcome with a 2-year survival rate of 10-30 percent. Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), brainstem HGG found almost exclusively in children, represent approximately 50 percent of all pediatric HGG. Frequent recurrent somatic mutations in histone H3 distinguish the genetic drivers among pediatric and adult HGG. Mutually exclusive somatic heterozygous H3F3A or HIST1H3B mutations encoding a K27M variant of histone H3.3 or H3.1, respectively, are found in nearly 80 percent of DIPGs and 22 percent of non-brainstem HGG, where they occur predominantly in thalamic and other midline tumors. Strikingly, heterozygous H3F3A mutations encoding histone H3.3 G34R or G34V occur in approximately 14 percent of non-brainstem HGG, are associated predominantly with cortical tumors arising in older children through young adulthood, and suggest a distinct developmental origin compared to the majority of tumors harboring K27M mutations. DNA methylation signatures and gene expression patterns distinguish G34R/V and K27M tumors, but the oncogenic mechanisms and brain region selectivity of these mutations remain uncertain. To study these mutations in the developing mammalian brain, we generated conditionally activated, epitope-tagged knock-in mice to express K27M, G34R or non-mutated H3.3 proteins from the endogenous H3f3a locus. When activated in neural and glial precursor cells, extensive H3f3a expression was observed throughout the embryonic brain, and H3.3-K27M induces loss of H3K27me3, as has been shown in DIPGs. Notably, we also found that neural progenitor cells derived from embryonic hindbrain and forebrain expressing H3.3-K27M demonstrate a striking in vitro growth advantage compared to H3.3-G34R or H3.3-WT expressing neural progenitor cells. We will present an analysis of the epigenetic landscape and gene expression patterns from various brain regions expressing these different histone H3 mutations as well as a phenotypic analysis of the mutant mice.
Trials of automatic implantable defibrillator proceeding well
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Implanted in a human abdomen, the cigarette pack-sized device continuously monitors cardiac rhythm. The occurrence of an arrhythmia, however, jolts it into action, resulting in the delivery of as many as four low-energy defibrillatory pulses to the heart. Clinical evaluation of this automatic implantable defibrillator is still in progress at Stanford (Calif) Medical Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and, soon, some other centers. But, according to Mieczyslaw (Michel) Mirowski, MD, associate professor of medicine at Hopkins and director of the coronary care unit at Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, so far, so good. The model being tested costs about $6,000 and is manufactured under the trademark AID by Medrad/ Intec Systems Inc, Pittsburgh, which helped design it. Since 1980, the device has been implanted in 43 persons who already had survived "at least two episodes of arrhythmic cardiac arrest not associated with acute myocardial infarction," says Mirowski, who
Epicardial Fiber Organization in Swine Right Ventricle and Its Impact on Propagation
Authors: Frederick J. Vetter, Stephen B. Simons, Sergey Mironov, Christopher J. Hyatt, Arkady M. Pertsov
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Fiber organization is important for myocardial excitation and contraction. It can be a major factor in arrhythmogenesis and current distribution during defibrillation shocks. In this study, we report the discovery of a previously undetected thin epicardial layer in swine right ventricle (RV) with distinctly different fiber orientation, which significantly affects epicardial propagation. Experiments were conducted in isolated coronary-perfused right ventricular free wall preparations (n=8) stained with the voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANEPPS. Optical signals were recorded from the epicardium with a CCD video camera at 800 fps. Preparations were sectioned parallel to the epicardial surface with a resolution of 50 mum or better. To link the histological data with the observed activation patterns, resulting fiber angles were introduced into a 3D computer model to simulate the electrical activation and voltage-dependent optical signals. In all preparations, we detected a thin epicardial layer with almost no depth-dependent fiber rotation. The thickness of this layer (z(0)) varied from 110 to 930 microm. At the boundary of this layer, we observed an abrupt change in fiber angle by 64+/-13 degrees followed by a gradual fiber rotation in the underlying layers. In preparations with z(0) <700 microm, optical mapping during epicardial stimulation revealed unusual diamond- and rectangular-shaped activation fronts with two axes of fast conduction. Computer simulations accurately predicted the features of the experimentally recorded activation fronts. The free wall of swine RV has a thin epicardial layer with distinctly different fiber orientation, which can significantly affect propagation and give rise to unusually shaped activation fronts. This is important for understanding electrical propagation in the heart, and further refines the existing knowledge of myocardial fiber architecture.
Exstrophy of the Bladder: Diagnosis on a Bone Scan
Authors: BHASKARA K. RAO, JOHN G. WEIR, LIONEL M. LIEBERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

RAO, BHASKARA K. M.D.; WEIR, JOHN G. Jr. M.D.; LIEBERMAN, LIONEL M. M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Abstract 1482: Caveolin is related to progression of malignant transformation in patients with breast tumors.
Authors: Hasan Bostanci, Tevfik Tolga Sahin, Kursat Dikmen, Aynur Albayrak, Volkan Yildirim, Hulagu Kargici
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Aim: Caveolin seems to be an important factor in tumorigenesis and progression. It has a dual role in both tumor suppression and progression. The proponents of tumor suppression suggest that caveolin is the major protein of the cavea in the cells and these regions accumulate the growth stimulatory signals from certain growth factors such as epidermal growth factor family. Locus of caveolin gene on chromosome 7 is closely related to other tumor suppressor genes. Proponents of the oncogenic role state that caveolin is highly expressed in cancer tissues such as prostate, lung, and renal cell carcinoma when compared to normal counterparts. This type of expression in breast cancers has been ill defined in previous studies. We designed a detailed study in order to evaluate the expression of caveolin in breast cancers and investigation of its possible use as target of specific cancer therapy. The initial phase of the study consists of evaluation of caveolin in patients with benign and malignant breast disease with respect to normal controls. Here we present our preliminary results of the first phase of the study. Materials and methods: Breast tissue from 202 benign breast tumors, 98 breast cancers and 20 normal controls (obtained from reduction mammoplasties with informed consent) in our center. Caveolin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Caveolin distribution was higher in malignant tissues when compared to control tissues and benign tumors. Furthermore caveolin antigen distribution was enhanced with more aggressive tumor behavior. We observed enhanced caveolin expression especially in myoepithelial cells. The benign tumors expressed higher caveolin when compared to normal controls. In both benign and malignant breast tumors the caveolin expression increased with stromal content of the tumor. Conclusion: Tumor microenvironment influences the tumor tissue interms of proliferation and metastasis. Caveolin seems to be expressed in the stromal component of the tumor and seems to have increased expression with aggressive nature of the tumor. Results of this preliminary study suggests that caveolin plays a determinative role in tumorigenesis in breast cancer and furthermore correlates with the aggressiveness of the tumor. Caveolin may exert its oncogenic effects by promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Therefore targeting caveolin may be logical strategy in breast cancer treatment. Citation Format: Hasan Bostanci, Tevfik Tolga Sahin, Kursat Dikmen, Aynur Albayrak, Volkan Yildirim, Hulagu Kargici. Caveolin is related to progression of malignant transformation in patients with breast tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1482. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1482
Follicular lymphoma cells induce T-cell immunologic synapse dysfunction that can be repaired with lenalidomide: implications for the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy
Authors: Alan G. Ramsay, Andrew J. Clear, Gavin Kelly, Rewas Fatah, Janet Matthews, Finlay MacDougall, T. Andrew Lister, Abigail M. Lee, Maria Calaminici, John G. Gribben
Journal: Blood (2009)
The Cost of Treating Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Neil L. Kao
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 October 1993The Cost of Treating Common Variable ImmunodeficiencyNeil L. Kao, MD and G. Wendell Richmond, MDNeil L. Kao, MDSearch for more papers by this author and G. Wendell Richmond, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-8-199310150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with enthusiasm the article by Sneller and colleagues [1]. One important aspect of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin that deserves comment is its cost. The annual retail costs of administering intravenous immunoglobulin at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight for a 70-kg adult would be $25 020 to $45 180 [2]. This expense is already an issue in the care of these patients; in our experience, some insurance carriers have resisted paying for this treatment. It would be unfortunate for patients with common variable immunodeficiency in this era of health care reform and cost containment ...References1. Sneller MC, moderator. New insights into common variable immunodeficiency. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:720-30. Google Scholar2. Buckley RH, Schiff RI. The use of intravenous immune globulin in immunodeficiency diseases. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325:110-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 8Page: 862KeywordsBody weightHealth careImmunodeficienciesIntravenous immunoglobulinPatients Issue Published: 15 October 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Straw Charcoal with Boric Acid as an Antiseptic.
Authors: F. H. DeVaux
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Valley City, N. D., Sept. 23, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It may interest some of theJournalreaders to know that a mixture composed of one part, by weight, of muslin-sifted straw charcoal to two parts of powdered boric acid will heal old ulcers or wounds very rapidly; fresh cut or torn surfaces are healed as if by magic. This may be old to many of the profession, but I never heard of it until I used it. But even if old it may do no harm to remind all that it is a very valuable combination. Fraternally
Retrograde coronary venous contrast echocardiography: Assessment of shunting and delineation of regional myocardium in the normal and ischemic canine heart
Authors: Gerald Maurer, Christian Punzengruber, Roberto V. Haendchen, Marco A.R. Torres, Bernd Heublein, Samuel Meerbaum, Eliot Corday
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
Ciliary Abnormalities in Bronchial Epithelium of Smokers, Ex-smokers, and Nonsmokers
Authors: Fernando Verra, Estelle Escudier, François Lebargy, Jean François Bernaudin, Hubert de Crémoux, Jean Bignon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Although respiratory changes induced by tobacco smoke have been extensively described, no study has focused on ciliary abnormalities associated with chronic smoking. Ciliary ultrastructure was studied in 37 adults with chronic sputum production (CSP) consisting of 13 current smokers (Group 1), 5 ex-smokers (Group 2), and 19 nonsmokers (Group 3). Five healthy nonsmokers constituted the control group (Group 4). Clinical and radiologic data and respiratory function tests were recorded. Acute respiratory infection was diagnosed by culture of tracheobronchial secretions obtained during bronchoscopy. Bronchial ciliated cells were obtained and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Within each group, the percentages of abnormal cilia were similar in patients with either chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis and in patients with or without acute infection. The percentage of axonemal ultrastructural abnormalities (AUA) was higher in smokers (16.5% ± 2.7%) and ex-smokers (17.5% ± 7%) than in nonsmokers (5.2% ± 1%) or control subjects (0.7% ± 0.2%) (p < 0.0002). The AUA were polymorphic, characteristic of acquired ultrastructural changes. These results suggest that chronic smoking may induce an increased number of abnormal cilia which could participate in impairment of tracheobronchial clearance and which appears to be independent of the etiology of CSP.
The Effectiveness and Costs of Elective Cesarean Delivery for Fetal Macrosomia Diagnosed by Ultrasound
Authors: Dwight J. Rouse
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To quantitate the potential effectiveness and monetary costs of a policy of elective cesarean delivery for fetal macrosomia diagnosed by ultrasound. <h3>Design.</h3> —A decision analytic model was constructed to compare 3 policies: (1) management without ultrasound; (2) ultrasound and elective cesarean delivery for estimated fetal weight of 4000 g or more (4000-g policy); and (3) ultrasound and elective cesarean delivery for estimated fetal weight of 4500 g or more (4500-g policy). The impact of maternal diabetes was analyzed separately. Probability data used in the decision analytic model were summarized from the literature and supplemented with unpublished data from the Collaborative Trial of Preterm Birth Prevention. Costs were estimated from the literature, regional reimbursements, and clinical practice data. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Rates of shoulder dystocia and permanent brachial plexus injury, and both the number of additional cesarean births and monetary costs per permanent brachial plexus injury averted. <h3>Results.</h3> —In the baseline analysis for nondiabetic women, the ultrasound policies increased both the cesarean delivery rate and costs, while decreasing the rate of shoulder dystocia and brachial plexus injury. For each permanent brachial plexus injury prevented by the 4500-g policy, 3695 cesarean deliveries were performed at an additional cost of $8.7 million, vs 2345 cesarean deliveries and $4.9 million with the 4000-g policy. In the baseline analysis for diabetic women, with all 3 policies, rates of cesarean delivery, shoulder dystocia and brachial plexus injury, and total costs were higher than for nondiabetic women. However, more favorable ratios for both cesarean deliveries and cost per permanent injury avoided were observed: 443 deliveries and $930 000, respectively, with the 4500-g policy, and 489 deliveries and $880 000, respectively, with the 4000-g policy. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the general robustness of these findings. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —For the 97% of pregnant women who are not diabetic, a policy of elective cesarean delivery for ultrasonographically diagnosed fetal macrosomia is medically and economically unsound. In pregnancies complicated by diabetes, such a policy appears to be more tenable, although the merits of such an approach are debatable.
Blood Pressure Measurement at Home
Authors: Christopher Unger
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Let us add a qualified positive response to Dr Page's suggestion that home blood pressure measurement be "universally accepted" ("Egregious Errors in the Management of Hypertension," 236:2621, 1976). Although the benefits of self-monitoring of blood pressure (in terms of lowered average pressures) were disappointing to Carnahan and Nugent,<sup>1</sup>we feel that obtaining an overview of the patient's diurnal pattern of blood pressure may still be an invaluable tool to the clinician seeking more rational therapy. Adherence to office pressures alone may tend to give a distorted picture. Self-measurement, or measurement at home by a friend, is the most practical method we know to gain access to the patient's overall blood pressure behavior pattern. The practitioner should not be surprised to find that blood pressure readings taken in his office are subject to peculiar and sometimes poorly recognized circumstances: for example, the patient who repeats the same
Infra-red coagulation for removing tattoos and vascular naevi
Authors: G.B. Colver, G.W. Cherry, R.P.R. Dawber, T.J. Ryan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Infra‐red coagulation for removing tattoos and vascular naevi Get access G.B. Colver, G.B. Colver Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.W. Cherry, G.W. Cherry Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.P.R. Dawber, R.P.R. Dawber Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.J. Ryan T.J. Ryan Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 27–28, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05248.x Published: 01 July 1984
High-Dose Intravascular β-Radiation After De Novo Stent Implantation Induces Coronary Artery Spasm
Authors: D. Scheinert, V. Strnad, R. Müller, R. Burckhard, S. Ropers, R. Sauer, W.G. Daniel, R. Bonan, J. Ludwig
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Intracoronary brachytherapy is effective in preventing restenosis after coronary interventions. However, in vitro and animal studies have shown that irradiation produces immediate and sustained endothelial dysfunction. This study assesses the clinical relevance of impaired vasomotoric function induced by brachytherapy. Methods and Results — We analyzed the occurrence of postradiation coronary artery spasms in 1 animal study and 2 clinical trials investigating the effects of high-dose intracoronary β-radiation after de novo coronary artery stenting. Irradiated segments (IRSs) proximal and distal to the stent were studied by quantitative coronary angiography after stenting, after radiation, and at the end of the procedure. There was an 67% overall incidence of coronary artery spasm in the IRSs immediately after β-radiation compared with 9% after sham treatment ( P &lt;0.001). Whereas in most cases this phenomenon was only minor or moderate, in 12 cases, 4 (22%) animals and 8 (28%) patients, severe coronary spasm (&gt;90% diameter stenosis) with significant ECG-changes or hemodynamic instability was observed. Relief of spasms was protracted (mean time until complete relief of spasm 423±122 seconds) and required repetitive intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin (mean dose: 1.2±0.6 mg). Conclusions — Vasoconstriction is a frequent reaction of coronary arteries after high-dose intracoronary β-radiation, necessitating repetitive administration of vasodilators.