tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcome in bacteremia associated with nosocomial pneumonia and the impact of pathogen prediction by tracheal surveillance cultures
Authors: Pieter Depuydt, Dominique Benoit, Dirk Vogelaers, Geert Claeys, Gerda Verschraegen, Koenraad Vandewoude, Johan Decruyenaere, Stijn Blot
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Parotid Gland Imaged With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yazan Z. Alabed, Rajan Rakheja, Jerome Laufer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 75-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of an enlarging mass in the left parotid gland. Biopsy revealed a parotid plasmacytoma, and the patient was referred for a staging 18F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate the presence of multiple myeloma bone involvement. The PET/CT scan showed intense FDG uptake in the neck mass but no FDG-avid lymphadenopathy or distant metastases. Plasmacytoma involving the parotid gland is extremely rare. We present the 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of solitary parotid plasmacytoma.
SOCS-3 regulates onset and maintenance of TH2-mediated allergic responses
Authors: Yoh-ichi Seki, Hiromasa Inoue, Naoko Nagata, Katsuhiko Hayashi, Satoru Fukuyama, Koichiro Matsumoto, Okiru Komine, Shinjiro Hamano, Kunisuke Himeno, Kyoko Inagaki-Ohara, Nicholas Cacalano, Anne O'Garra, Tadahilo Oshida, Hirohisa Saito, James A Johnston, Akihiko Yoshimura, Masato Kubo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Case of Lipodystrophy
Authors: P. J. Rooney
Journal: BMJ (1970)

case reports.McNicol and Smith (1964) reported on 15 patients with hypothermia, all of whom had raised blood urea levels; and in five out of eight cases described ty Fruehan (1960) there was a pronounced decrease in urine output 12 to 24 hours after admission.The beneficial effects of hypothermia on the preservation of renal function after transplantation are recorded (Schloerb, et al., 1959; Calne, et al., 1963) and hence the impairment of renal function that occurs after accidental exposure may be related to periods of relative ischaemia during rewarming.The histological changes reported here suggest that the renal failure was a direct result of ischaemic damage to the kidneys.Renal damage complicating accidental hypothermia may result not from the hypothermia itself but may occur as the body temperature is increased, suggesting that plasma expanders and mannitol should be used more vigorously during the rewarming phase.
Impact of Induction Treatment on Postoperative Complications in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Laurent Brouchet, Eric Bauvin, Bertrand Marcheix, Laurence Bigay-Game, Claire Renaud, Jean Berjaud, Pierre Emmanuel Falcoze, Nicolas Venissac, Dan Raz, David Jablons, Julien Mazières, Marcel Dahan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
The effects of intrathecal injection of a hyaluronan-based hydrogel on inflammation, scarring and neurobehavioural outcomes in a rat model of severe spinal cord injury associated with arachnoiditis
Authors: James W. Austin, Catherine E. Kang, M. Douglas Baumann, Lisa DiDiodato, Kajana Satkunendrarajah, Jefferson R. Wilson, Greg J. Stanisz, Molly S. Shoichet, Michael G. Fehlings
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Saphenous Vein Coronary Artery Bypass in Patients with "Preinfarction Angina"
Authors: D. CRAIG MILLER, DAVID S. CANNOM, THOMAS J. FOGARTY, JOHN S. SCHROEDER, PAT O. DAILY, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Among the first 400 patients undergoing saphenous vein coronary artery bypass at Stanford Medical Center, 67 (18%) met criteria for "preinfarction angina". Angina was alleviated and possible myocardial infarction was prevented utilizing these surgical technics. The overall operative mortality rate in the preinfarction angina patients was 10.4%, which contrasted strikingly with a 1.5% operative mortality for elective coronary artery bypass at Stanford. Six of the seven operative deaths resulted from myocardial infarction, two of which were related to technical factors. Operative mortality appeared to be related to degree of preoperative congestive heart failure and hypotension, pump time, sex, and number of atherosclerosis risk factors present. Fifty-two of the 60 patients leaving the hospital (87%) received good symptomatic benefit from surgery, including no late infarction, over a 6.8 month mean follow-ulp period. The late death rate was 3.3%, and the late infarction rate was 10% during the follow-up period. Angina can be alleviated and impending myocardial infarction may be prevented with aggressive surgical intervention.
Gastrointestinal blood loss. Effect of aspirin, fenoprofen, and acetaminophen in rheumatoid arthritis as determined by sequential gastroscopy and radioactive fecal markers
Authors: D. H. Loebl
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The feasibility of determining the exact site and amount of drug-induced gastric bleeding was tested. Fourteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis received equivalent therapeutic doses of the antiinflammatory drugs aspirin, 4 gm/day, and fenoprofen calcium, 2.4 gm/day, in randomized order for seven days. Acetaminophen was given for 14 days just prior to each of these periods. By fiberoptic gastroscopy, antral ulceration and acute mucosal lesions were found in seven patients following aspirin ingestion, in one taking fenoprofen, and in none taking acetaminophen. Fecal blood loss in four-day stool collections, quantitated by autologous chromium 51-labeled erythrocytes shed into the stool averaged 5.0 ml/day while taking aspirin, 2.2 ml/day while taking fenoprofen calcium, and 0.8 ml/day while taking acetaminophen. The mean blood loss was greater for those in whom gastric lesions developed while taking aspirin than for those in whom lesions did not develop. The short-term risk of erosive gastritis was greater for aspirin than fenoprofen. (<i>JAMA</i>237:976-981, 1977)
Implication of minimal extrathyroidal extension as a prognostic factor in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Jae Ho Shin, Tae Kwun Ha, Ha Kyoung Park, Min Sung Ahn, Kwang Hee Kim, Ki Beom Bae, Tae Hyeon Kim, Chang Soo Choi, Tae Kyoon Kim, Sung Kwon Bae, Sang Hyo Kim
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Comparison of the two time schedules for endoscopic sclerotherapy: a prospective randomised controlled study.
Authors: S K Sarin, G Sachdev, R Nanda, S K Batra, B S Anand
Journal: Gut (1986)

To compare the efficacy and safety of one week versus three weeks interval treatment schedules of endoscopic sclerotherapy, injections were carried out in a prospective manner in 96 patients with variceal bleeding; 47 on a one week and 49 on a three weeks treatment schedule. Weekly endoscopic sclerotherapy eradicated oesophageal varices significantly (p less than 0.01) earlier (mean +/- SD 7.1 +/- 2.43 weeks) as compared with the three weeks regimen (mean +/- SD 14.86 +/- 4.86 weeks). The rebleeding rate was also significantly less (p less than 0.05) with weekly endoscopic sclerotherapy (8.5%) as compared with three weeks endoscopic sclerotherapy treatment (26.5%). The amount of alcohol and the number of endoscopic sclerotherapy courses required for complete variceal eradication did not differ significantly between the two groups. Patients undergoing weekly injections were seen to have significantly more oesophageal ulcers (p less than 0.01) as compared with the three weeks group, necessitating at times (23%) postponement of the procedure. There was, however, no difference between the two groups in the frequency of oesophageal stricture formation, dysphagia, retrosternal pain, and fever. Mortality was also similar in the two groups. It can be concluded that a weekly schedule of endoscopic sclerotherapy appears superior to a three weeks schedule.
THE SUGAR TOLERANCE IN SIBLINGS OF JUVENILE DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: HARRY S. MACKLER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

It is generally accepted that diabetes mellitus is a familial or hereditary disorder of metabolism. In fact, Pincus and White<sup>1</sup>have been able statistically to show that diabetes is inherited as a mendelian recessive characteristic. Experimental proof of this fact has been brought forward by Cammidge.<sup>2</sup>He was able, by mating strains of mice having a high fasting blood sugar with those having normal blood sugars, to transmit the hyperglycemia to succeeding generations as a recessive quality. Cammidge suggested that in human beings the same blood sugar conditions might occur. Joslin and his co-workers<sup>3</sup>have shown that new cases of diabetes mellitus are continually being encountered in the families of diabetic children. They have shown a progressive incidence in new cases in those families from year to year. Because of the familial tendency of diabetes, a study was started in 1928 with the purpose of detecting early
Abstract 2829: Patient-derived primary melanoma cells that differentially express melano-specific antigens as a model for vaccines.
Authors: Robert Suriano, Andrea L. George, Shilpi Rajoria, Jan Geliebter, Raj K. Tiwari, Marc Wallack
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Transformation of pigment producing melanocytes into melanoma is a complex multi-step process involving the generation and/or over expression of various immunotherapeutic antigens. Several of these melanoma associated antigens (MAAs) are directly involved in melanin biosynthesis and melanosome biogenesis. The precise contribution of proteins involved in melanin synthesis to the MAA associated immune response is poorly understood. To this end, we have developed primary cell lines from human patients and xenograft models to analyze melanin synthesis and antigen expression. In vitro, from the perspective of melanin production, these primary cell lines express essential proteins associated with melanin synthesis, namely tyrosinase, Trp-1, Trp-2, and gp100, all of which are immunotherapeutic targets in melanoma. When grafted in nude mice, these cell lines were capable of producing solid pigmented tumors in vivo. However, three out of the five cell lines that produced melanin in vivo failed to produce melanin in vitro, even when cultured with supplementation of either α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or matrigel. Despite expression of tyrosinase, Trp-1, Trp-2, and gp100, two of the five cell lines failed to grow in nude mice or produce melanin in vitro. These patient derived primary cells and xenografts were also analyzed for expression of various other significant MAAs, which included MART-1 (Melan-A), MAGE-A1, and NY-ESO-1 as well as antigens not classified as MAAs but essential for tumor progression such as CD71 (transferring receptor) and CD146 (MCAM or melanoma cell adhesion molecule). All of the antigens analyzed in our cell lines, such as gp100, NY-ESO-1, MART-1, MAGE-A1, have been the targets of clinical trials but our results clearly indicate that these antigens are differentially expressed by our primary melanoma cells. Therefore, we believe that in order to develop a clinically effective immunotherapeutic vaccine, multiple cell lines expressing a combination of melano-specific antigens and a repertoire of MAAs that allows for minimal immune evasion may be necessary. To this end, we are exploring a vaccinia virus antigen retrieval technology, which incorporates multiple primary cell lines to develop such a pan-antigen melanoma vaccine. Citation Format: Robert Suriano, Andrea L. George, Shilpi Rajoria, Jan Geliebter, Raj K. Tiwari, Marc Wallack. Patient-derived primary melanoma cells that differentially express melano-specific antigens as a model for vaccines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2829. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2829
Metabolic activation of toxins: tissue-specific expression and metabolism in target organs.
Authors: O Pelkonen, H Raunio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyze the generation of reactive species capable of binding with cellular macromolecules, leading to acute and delayed toxicity. Since individual CYP forms differ markedly in their substrate preferences and regulation, the expression profiles of CYP in various cell types are important determinants in tissue-specific toxicity. The highest concentrations of most forms of CYP are found in liver, but they are also present in many extrahepatic organs. Liver is also a target organ in which CYP-mediated activation and toxic outcome have been most convincingly linked. Prime examples are paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and aflatoxin B1-associated hepatic cancer. In contrast to liver, most extrahepatic tissues are composed of multiple call types, which make experimental approaches difficult. Also the low abundance of individual forms is a challenge in the study of extrahepatic CYP-related toxicity. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of molecular biological techniques, e.g., reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions, which facilitate the study of low abundant CYP forms in human tissues. Nevertheless, in the end we need definite information on the expression of activity, and for this purpose enzyme-specific substrates, reactions, and inhibitors and other methods to detect proteins and associated activities are needed. In humans, it is important to measure activities of specific enzymes in vivo. For this purpose, two approaches are currently available. Metabolism and/or elimination of enzyme-specific drugs can be employed. In cases in which genetic background determines the presence or absence of a specific enzyme, phenotyping and genotyping tests can be devised, e.g., for CYP2D6 (debrisoquine hydroxylation) polymorphism.
Effect of frusemide on airway smooth muscle contractility in vitro.
Authors: A J Knox, P Ajao
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Frusemide, an inhibitor of sodium-potassium-chloride (Na-K-Cl) cotransport, has been shown to inhibit the airway response to several constrictor stimuli in asthmatic subjects. The protection seen with frusemide in these studies could be due to an effect on epithelium, inflammatory cells, neural pathways, or airway smooth muscle. To determine whether frusemide inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction, experiments were performed in bovine and human airways in vitro. Fresh bovine tissue was obtained from the abattoir and human tissue from thoracotomy. The effect of 10(-5)M frusemide on histamine, potassium chloride, and hyperosmolar saline induced contractions was studied in bovine tracheal strips without epithelium. Frusemide, at a concentration that specifically inhibits Na-K-Cl cotransport, did not inhibit contraction caused by any of these agents. Frusemide was also without effect on hypertonic saline induced contractions of bovine and human bronchial rings with epithelium intact. These results suggest that modification of Na-K-Cl cotransport does not alter airway smooth muscle contractility and that the protective effect of frusemide on induced bronchoconstriction in vivo is unlikely to be due to a direct effect on airway smooth muscle.
Tourists travelling to Kilimanjaro do need advice
Authors: S. Toovey
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—As Bellis's letter confirms, many tourists attempting the ascent of Kilimanjaro come ill prepared for the climb.1 We have treated tourists on the mountain for a range of conditions, including high altitude cerebral and pulmonary oedema. In one instance we chanced on a traveller who was both frankly cyanotic and ataxic at an altitude of 3500 m and treated …
Alan Proctor Grant
Authors: Fiona Rainsbury
Journal: BMJ (2004)

​FormerFormer general physician Belfast (b Dublin 1918; q Belfast 1940; CBE, MD, FRCP), d 1 April 2004.




Figure 1




During the second world war Alan joined the Royal Army Medical Corps field ambulance and served at El Alamein and Anzio. He was mentioned in dispatches. He later had a leading role in the development of Belfast City Hospital. His interest in diabetes led to his involvement in early work on the insulin pump, and during the “Troubles” he was physician to the Maze prison, responsible for the care of the hunger strikers. He was president of the Northern Ireland Red Cross, and in 1981 of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, the first Ulsterman in the college's 300-year history. He leaves a wife, Jane; three children; and nine grandchildren.
Abstract 2573: Serum proteomic analysis of early pregnancy-induced protection against breast cancer.
Authors: Christina Gutierrez, Arunkumar Arumugam, Rebecca Lopez, Thiyagarajan Boopalan, Sushmita Nandy, Pamela Agullo, Jacqueline Parada, Susan Love, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The incidence of breast cancer is very high in western countries and is increasing rapidly in the third world. It is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Since it is difficult to defeat breast cancer after it has occurred, finding new strategies to delay or prevent the development of breast cancer has been an important area for clinical and experimental investigations. Women who undergo a full- term pregnancy before the age of 20, with or without lactation, have about one half the risk of developing breast cancer compared to women who undergo their first pregnancy after the age of 35 or women who have never undergone a full term pregnancy. This universal protective effect of pregnancy serves as a major clue and starting point in the search for new strategies and novel biomarkers related to the prevention of breast cancer. For the current study, women were recruited into one of the following categories; 1) had their first child ≤ 25 years of age [early parous], 2) had their first child ≥ 35 years of age [late parous], and 3) a control group of women the same age as those in groups 1 and 2 but who have never given birth [nulli parous]. Blood was collected these women and serum was separated. A high throughput proteomic analysis was performed with the samples collected. Briefly, protein was extracted from the samples and conjugated to a phosphoexplorer antibody array, detected with Cy3- streptavidin, and scanned with a microarray scanner. Using bioinformatic software, significantly differentially expressed proteins of interest have been found in late parous and nulli parous samples when compared to the early parous samples. We have identified the top 20 differentially expressed total (LIMK1, p53, Paxillin, Ret, Tyrosine hydroxylase) and phosphorylated (p14-3-3 theta, p14-3-3 zeta, pCav1, pCD3Z, pDok-1) proteins between the different groups. Several proteins identified using the phosphoexplorer antibody arrays have been validated using Western blots. Overall, this study focuses on the analysis of human breast tissue and serum to gain a deeper understanding of how early parity confers protection against breast cancer. Citation Format: Christina Gutierrez, Arunkumar Arumugam, Rebecca Lopez, Thiyagarajan Boopalan, Sushmita Nandy, Pamela Agullo, Jacqueline Parada, Susan Love, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy. Serum proteomic analysis of early pregnancy-induced protection against breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2573. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2573
A New Instrument for Apexcardiography
Authors: B. W. Watson, P. Gay, J. S. Fleming
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

An instrument for recording the displacement of the cardiac apex relative to the rib cage has been constructed using a commercially available displacement transducer and operational amplifier. A simple E.C.G. unit for timing purposes is also described. Recordings using this instrument are comparable with the apexcardiogram obtained from a more expensive apparatus.
Fluid type and the use of renal replacement therapy in sepsis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: B. Rochwerg, W. Alhazzani, A Gibson, C. M. Ribic, A. Sindi, D. Heels-Ansdell, L. Thabane, A. Fox-Robichaud, L. Mbuagbaw, W. Szczeklik, F. Alshamsi, S. Altayyar, W. Ip, G. Li, M. Wang, A. Włudarczyk, Q. Zhou, D. Annane, D. J. Cook, R. Jaeschke, G. H. Guyatt
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin
Authors: S Maclennan, P Flanagan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - D Lee, writing on behalf of the National Blood Transfusion Service's Immunoglobulin Working Party,1 advocates the continued use of a standard dose of 500 IU anti-D immunoglobulin for postnatal prophylaxis in Rh D negative women …
Author's reply to Hackett
Authors: S. M. Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In a response to my column,1 Hackett criticises the study by Finkle et al, which investigated about 55 000 men prescribed testosterone, considerably more than any previously published study assessing the cardiovascular risk of testosterone products.2 It found a significantly increased rate of non-fatal myocardial infarction in the three months after initial testosterone prescription compared with the previous year.3

Hackett challenges the validity of using non-fatal myocardial infarction as …
Multiple Recurrent De Novo CNVs, Including Duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams Syndrome Region, Are Strongly Associated with Autism
Authors: Stephan J. Sanders, A. Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek, Vanessa Hus, Rui Luo, Michael T. Murtha, Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Su H. Chu, Michael P. Moreau, Abha R. Gupta, Susanne A. Thomson, Christopher E. Mason, Kaya Bilguvar, Patricia B.S. Celestino-Soper, Murim Choi, Emily L. Crawford, Lea Davis, Nicole R. Davis Wright, Rahul M. Dhodapkar, Michael DiCola, Nicholas M. DiLullo, Thomas V. Fernandez, Vikram Fielding-Singh, Daniel O. Fishman, Stephanie Frahm, Rouben Garagaloyan, Gerald S. Goh, Sindhuja Kammela, Lambertus Klei, Jennifer K. Lowe, Sabata C. Lund, Anna D. McGrew, Kyle A. Meyer, William J. Moffat, John D. Murdoch, Brian J. O'Roak, Gordon T. Ober, Rebecca S. Pottenger, Melanie J. Raubeson, Youeun Song, Qi Wang, Brian L. Yaspan, Timothy W. Yu, Ilana R. Yurkiewicz, Arthur L. Beaudet, Rita M. Cantor, Martin Curland, Dorothy E. Grice, Murat Günel, Richard P. Lifton, Shrikant M. Mane, Donna M. Martin, Chad A. Shaw, Michael Sheldon, Jay A. Tischfield, Christopher A. Walsh, Eric M. Morrow, David H. Ledbetter, Eric Fombonne, Catherine Lord, Christa Lese Martin, Andrew I. Brooks, James S. Sutcliffe, Edwin H. Cook, Daniel Geschwind, Kathryn Roeder, Bernie Devlin, Matthew W. State
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Tackling inequalities in health: the Australian experience.
Authors: M Whitehead, K Judge, D J Hunter, R Maxwell, M A Scheuer
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Federal and state governments in Australia have embarked on a series of national initiatives which show a firm commitment to tackling social inequalities in health. The development of national goals and targets for health, for example, covers social and environmental conditions and sets differential targets for specific social groups with very poor health status. In a complementary initiative, a wide ranging analysis of the health care system--the National Health Strategy--has as one of its main objectives to improve the equitable impact of the health system. Where problems of access to and quality of services have been exposed, policies have been devised to deal with them. The exceptionally poor health of the Aboriginal community has elicited cross party support for action. Resources have been allocated to implement the National Aboriginal Health Strategy: to improve living and working conditions, education, and employment opportunities. Britain can glean much from the Australian experience.