tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reevaluation of Arterial Constitutive Relations: A FINITE-DEFORMATION APPROACH
Authors: BRUCE R. SIMON, ALBERT S. KOBAYASHI, D. Eugene STRANDNESS, CURT A. WIEDERHIELM
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The purpose of this investigation was to use the finite-deformation theory of elasticity to interpret pressure-diameter data for in situ canine aortas and other arterial response data reported in the literature. A meaningful mechanical property for arterial tissue was identified as ∂ W 1 /∂ I , the partial derivative of the strain-energy density function with respect to the first strain invariant. An exponential function was found to characterize the mechanical property ∂W 1 /∂I for all arteries considered. Thin-walled tube stress approximations were found to result in inaccurate values for arterial stresses and incremental elastic mechanical properties. Wave speeds calculated using ∂ W 1 /∂ I for these arterial tissues agreed well with experimental measurements of wave speeds reported in the literature. Elevated values for strain-energy density were found in the inner arterial tissue layers. These high values for strain energy may contribute to atherogenesis in relatively straight arteries (e.g., the abdominal aorta) subjected to hypertension.
Bi-allelic inactivation of TCF1 in hepatic adenomas
Authors: Olivier Bluteau, Emmanuelle Jeannot, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Juan Martin Marqués, Jean-Frédéric Blanc, Hung Bui, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Dominique Franco, Charles Balabaud, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Jessica Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
P1298 PERFORMANCE OF TWO RAPID TESTS OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN FOR SCREENING HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION IN THE RURAL COMMUNITIES OF THE GAMBIA
Authors: H.F. Njai, Y. Shimakawa, L. Ferguson, B. Sanneh, U. Dalessandro, R. Njie, M. Thursz, M. Lemoine
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
The "redisorganisation" of the NHS
Authors: J. Smith, K. Walshe, D. J Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The NHS is being reorganised—again. Having declared on taking office in 1997 that it recognised that the NHS had suffered too much structural reform, the re-elected Labour government has embarked on the largest, and least debated, reorganisation of the NHS for two decades.1 A consultation document, “Shifting the balance of power in the NHS: securing delivery,”2 published in July proposed abolishing the executive regional offices of the NHS and two thirds of health authorities and creating new primary care trusts to take on a raft of responsibilities from health authorities. Only the acute NHS trusts emerge from these changes relatively unscathed. The consultation, which lasted six weeks, closed in early September and the government has yet to publish its results. But the reorganisation is steaming ahead regardless, with the aim of completing all the changes by April 2002. Few people outside the NHS management community seem to be aware of the exact nature and implications of these changes, which have their roots in growing public and political impatience with the quality of NHS services.

From two recently published surveys 3 4 it appears that …
Radionuclide Brain Scan Findings in Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: BRIAN R. J. WILLIAMSON, C DAVID TEATES, STUART T. BRAY, HANS O. RIDDERVOLD, RICHARD F. LESS, JEAN A. WAKEFIELD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is a serious condition requiring early diagnosis. This paper presents our experience with two cases and describes the findings. In one case radionuclide brain Imaging was the first study performed. In the other, the diagnosis was made at arteriography with scanning used for follow-up.
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Europe: still a matter of deep concern
Authors: T Schaberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> When deep-sea hydrothermal fluids mix with cold oxygenated fluids, minerals precipitate out of solution and form hydrothermal deposits. These actively venting deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits support a rich diversity of thermophilic microorganisms which are involved in a range of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen metabolisms. Global patterns of thermophilic microbial diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems have illustrated the strong connectivity between geological processes and microbial colonization, but little is known about the genomic diversity and physiological potential of these novel taxa. Here we explore this genomic diversity in 42 metagenomes from four deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields and a deep-sea volcano collected from 2004 to 2018, and document their potential implications in biogeochemical cycles. <h3>Results</h3> Our dataset represents 3,635 metagenome-assembled genomes encompassing 511 novel genera, with 395 Bacteria and 116 Archaea, providing many targets for cultivation of novel archaeal and bacterial families. Notably, 52% (206) of the novel bacterial genera and 72% (84) of the novel archaeal genera were found at the deep-sea Brothers volcano, many of which were endemic to the volcano. We report some of the first examples of medium to high-quality MAGs from phyla and families never previously identified, or poorly sampled, from deep-sea hydrothermal environments. We greatly expand the novel diversity of Thermoproteia, Patescibacteria (Candidate Phyla Radiation, CPR), and Chloroflexota found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and identify a small sampling of two potentially novel phyla, designated JALSQH01 and JALWCF01. Metabolic pathway analysis of metagenomes provides insights into the prevalent carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen metabolic processes across all sites, and illustrates sulfur and nitrogen metabolic ‘handoffs’ in community interactions. We confirm that Campylobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria occupy similar ecological guilds but their prevalence in a particular site is driven by shifts in the geochemical environment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study of globally-distributed hydrothermal vent deposits provides a significant expansion of microbial genomic diversity associated with hydrothermal vent deposits and highlights the metabolic adaptation of taxonomic guilds. Collectively, our results illustrate the importance of comparative biodiversity studies in establishing patterns of shared phylogenetic diversity and physiological ecology, while providing many targets for enrichment and cultivation of novel and endemic taxa.
Susceptibility to antivirals of a human HBV strain with mutations conferring resistance to both lamivudine and adefovir†
Authors: Marie‐Noëlle Brunelle, Anne‐Carole Jacquard, Christian Pichoud, David Durantel, Sandra Carrouée‐Durantel, Jean‐Pierre Villeneuve, Christian Trépo, Fabien Zoulim
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Mutations within the hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase gene conferring drug-resistance are selected during prolonged lamivudine (3TC) or adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment. Because there is no other approved drug against HBV, treatments with 3TC or ADV are used either sequentially or in addition, depending on treatment response or failure. Considering the use of de novo or add-on 3TC+ADV bitherapy, we investigated the possibility of the emergence of an HBV strain harboring polymerase mutations conferring resistance to both 3TC (rtL180M+M204V) and ADV (rtN236T). We constructed the L180M+M204V+N236T mutant and determined its replication capacity and its susceptibility to different nucleos(t)ide analogs in transiently transfected hepatoma cell lines. The triple mutant replicates its genome in vitro, but less efficiently than either the wild-type (wt) HBV or L180M+M204V and N236T mutants. Phenotypic assays indicated that the L180M+M204V+N236T mutant is resistant to pyrimidine analogs (3TC, -FTC, beta-L-FD4C, L-FMAU). Compared with wt HBV, this mutant displays a 6-fold decreased susceptibility to ADV and entecavir and a 4-fold decreased susceptibility to tenofovir. Interferon alfa inhibited equally the replication of wt and L180M+M204V+N236T HBV. In conclusion, the combination of rtL180M+M204V and rtN236T mutations impairs HBV replication and confers resistance to both 3TC and ADV in vitro. These results suggest that the emergence of the triple mutant may be delayed and associated with viral resistance in patients treated with 3TC+ADV. However, other nucleos(t)ide analogs in development showed an antiviral activity against this multiresistant strain in vitro. This provides a rationale for the clinical evaluation of de novo combination therapies.
Survival of Patients With AIDS Depends on Physicians' Experience Treating the Disease
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

HOW LONG HIV-infected patients live after they're diagnosed with AIDS depends to a surprising degree on whether their physicians have even a modest amount of experience in treating the disease. New research reported at the Third Annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Washington, DC, found that people with AIDS whose therapy was managed by primary care physicians with no previous experience in treating such patients died more than a year sooner than those whose physicians had previously treated at least five patients. Even people whose physicians had treated only a handful of patients lived 7 months longer. Previous studies found lower mortality rates among patients who were treated at hospitals that cared for greater numbers of patients with AIDS-related conditions, suggesting that the experience gained in treating larger numbers of patients may lead to better management strategies and patient outcomes. Given this apparent relationship between experience and patient
Leukemia-Associated Antigens
Authors: Dane R. Boggs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The paper by Halterman, Leventhal and Mann, published in last week's Journal,1 provides further evidence that a specific antigen may be present on leukocytes in patients with acute leukemia. The antigen was identified by an antibody produced by injection of rabbits with cells from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma, grown in tissue culture. Other investigators have suggested the presence of leukemia-associated antigens in man on the basis of antibodies spontaneously occurring in normal human beings2 or produced in monkeys by injection of human leukemic cells.3 Leukemia-associated antigenic changes in cell membranes are also suggested by observations that the A-type . . .
Nonequivalent Gene Expression and Copy Number Alterations in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancers with <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutations
Authors: Joshy George, Kathryn Alsop, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, Heather Hondow, Thomas Mikeska, Alexander Dobrovic, Anna deFazio, Gordon K. Smyth, Douglas A. Levine, Gillian Mitchell, David D. Bowtell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) accounts for the majority of epithelial ovarian cancer deaths. Genomic and functional data suggest that approximately half of unselected HGSC have disruption of the BRCA pathway and defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR). Pathway disruption is regarded as imparting a BRCAness phenotype. We explored the molecular changes in HGSC arising in association with specific BRCA1/BRCA2 somatic or germline mutations and in those with BRCA1 DNA promoter methylation.We describe gene expression and copy number analysis of two large cohorts of HGSC in which both germline and somatic inactivation of HRR has been measured.BRCA1 disruptions were associated with the C2 (immunoreactive) molecular subtype of HGSC, characterized by intense intratumoral T-cell infiltration. We derived and validated a predictor of BRCA1 mutation or methylation status, but could not distinguish BRCA2 from wild-type tumors. DNA copy number analysis showed that cases with BRCA1 mutation were significantly associated with amplification both at 8q24 (frequencies: BRCA1 tumors 50%, BRCA2 tumors 32%, and wild-type tumors 9%) and regions of the X-chromosome specifically dysregulated in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC; BRCA1 62%, BRCA2 34%, and wild-type 35%). Tumors associated with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations shared a negative association with amplification at 19p13 (BRCA1 0%, BRCA2 3%, and wild-type 20%) and 19q12 (BRCA1 6%, BRCA2 3%, and wild-type 29%).The molecular differences between tumors associated with BRCA1 compared with BRCA2 mutations are in accord with emerging clinical and pathologic data and support a growing appreciation of the relationship between HGSC and BLBC.
Emodin Enhances Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Apoptosis via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibition of Survival Signaling
Authors: Jing Yi, Jie Yang, Rong He, Fei Gao, Hairong Sang, Xueming Tang, Richard D. Ye
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Although arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induces apoptosis in a relatively wide spectrum of tumors, the sensitivity of different cell types to this treatment varies to a great extent. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critically involved in As2O3-induced apoptosis, we attempted to explore the possibility that elevating the cellular ROS level might be an approach to facilitate As2O3-induced apoptosis. Emodin, a natural anthraquinone derivative, was selected because its semiquinone structure is likely to increase the generation of intracellular ROS. Its independent and synergistic effects with As2O3 in cytotoxicity were studied, and the plausible signaling mechanism was investigated in HeLa cells. Cell Proliferation Assay and flow cytometry were used to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, luciferase reporter assay, and Western blotting were performed to analyze signaling alteration. The results demonstrated that coadministration of emodin, at low doses of 0.5–10 μm, with As2O3 enhanced As2O3-rendered cytotoxicity on tumor cells, whereas these treatments caused no detectable proproliferative or proapoptotic effects on nontumor cells. ROS generation was increased, and activation of nuclear factor κB and activator protein 1 was suppressed by coadministration. All enhancements by emodin could be abolished by the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Therefore, we concluded that emodin sensitized HeLa cells to As2O3 via generation of ROS and ROS-mediated inhibition on two major prosurvival transcription factors, nuclear factor κB and activator protein 1. This result allows us to propose a novel strategy in chemotherapy that uses mild ROS generators to facilitate apoptosis-inducing drugs whose efficacy depends on ROS.
Immunity of children to diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis.
Authors: D Bainton, M Freeman, D I Magrath, F Sheffield, J W Smith
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A survey of titres of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins and of antibodies to polioviruses in the sera of 291 schoolchildren aged 15, 11, and 7 years showed that high immunisation rates can evoke protective concentrations of tetanus antitoxin in 98% of children and protective levels of the antibodies to diphtheria and all three types of poliomyelitis in 85% of children. Reinforcing immunisation at school entry appeared to be necessary to maintain adequate titres of diphtheria antitoxin in children up to 15 years of age, not essential to maintain adequate titres of tetanus antitoxin, and to have little effect on the titres of antibodies to poliomyelitis.
Coronary Artery Disease In Vietnam Casualties
Authors: George V. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report on anatomical evidence of coronary disease in US combat casualties in Vietnam (<b>216</b>:1185, 1971) is inadequate in several aspects. A full report of the findings in such health-screened young Americans could be extremely valuable for our understanding of atherogenesis. There have been almost 50,000 United States deaths in Vietnam, but we are given the findings for 114. The description needs associated antemortem findings for such relevant measurements as relative weight, ethnic origin, family history, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol level—and these are all in the men's records. We need quantitative methods and not uninformative photographs with subjective gradations. Quantitative methods are available in a report by Young et al (<i>Amer J Cardiol</i><b>6</b>:288, 1960).
Deletion of Macrophage LDL Receptor–Related Protein Increases Atherogenesis in the Mouse
Authors: Cheryl D. Overton, Patricia G. Yancey, Amy S. Major, MacRae F. Linton, Sergio Fazio
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Macrophage low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein (LRP) mediates internalization of remnant lipoproteins, and it is generally thought that blocking lipoprotein internalization will reduce foam cell formation and atherogenesis. Therefore, our study examined the function of macrophage LRP in atherogenesis. We generated transgenic mice that specifically lack macrophage LRP through Cre/lox recombination. Transplantation of macrophage LRP −/− bone marrow into lethally irradiated female LDLR −/− recipient mice resulted in a 40% increase in atherosclerosis. The difference in atherosclerosis was not caused by altered serum lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, deletion of macrophage LRP decreased uptake of 125 I–very-low-density lipoprotein compared with wild-type cells in vitro. The increase in atherosclerosis was accompanied by increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein type-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and proximal aorta macrophage cellularity. We also found that deletion of macrophage LRP increases matrix metalloproteinase-9. This increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 was associated with a higher frequency of breaks in the elastic lamina. Contrary to what was found with other lipoprotein receptors, deletion of LRP increases atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Our data support the hypothesis that macrophage LRP modulates atherogenesis through regulation of inflammatory responses.
ABC of 1 to 7. Sleep problems.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Some children will not sleep when they are put to bed but the most 0 11 11| w -> distressing problem for parents are those who keep waking in the night or m llX||Ef-^s juLA wake in the early morning.The mother rapidly becomes exhausted, and | 1111110 : iwit;( L' ~marital discord may follow while the child remains fresh.Sleep problems are common.Twenty per cent of infants wake early or in the night at the
News Media Coverage of Medication Research
Authors: Michael Hochman, Steven Hochman, David Bor, Danny McCormick
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The news media are an important source of information about medical research for patients and even some physicians. Little is known about how frequently news articles report when medication research has received funding from pharmaceutical companies or how frequently news articles use generic vs brand medication names.To assess the reporting of pharmaceutical company funding and generic medication name use in news articles about medication studies and to determine the views of newspaper editors about these issues.We reviewed US news articles from newspaper and online sources about all pharmaceutical company-funded medication studies published in the 5 most prominent general medical journals between April 1, 2004, and April 30, 2008. We also surveyed editors at the 100 most widely circulated newspapers in the United States.The percentage of news articles indicating when studies have been pharmaceutical company-funded and the percentage that refer to medications by their generic vs brand names. Also the percentage of newspaper editors who indicate that their articles report pharmaceutical company funding; the percentage of editors who indicate that their articles refer to medications by generic names; and the percentage of newspapers with policies about these issues.Of the 306 news articles about medication research identified,130 (42%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 37%-48%) did not report that the research had received company funding. Of the 277 of these articles reporting on medications with both generic and brand names, 186 (67%; 95% CI, 61%-73%) referred to the study medications by their brand names in at least half of the medication references. Eighty-two of the 93 (88%) newspaper editors who responded to our survey reported that articles from their publications always or often indicated when studies had received company funding (95% CI, 80%-94%), and 71 of 92 (77%) responding editors also reported that articles from their publications always or often referred to medications by the generic names (95% CI, 67%-85%). However, only 3 of 92 newspapers (3%) had written policies stating that company funding sources of medical studies be reported (95% CI 1%-9%), and 2 of 93 (2%) newspapers had written policies stating that medications should be referred to by their generic names (95% CI 1%-8%).News articles reporting on medication studies often fail to report pharmaceutical company funding and frequently refer to medications by their brand names despite newspaper editors' contention that this is not the case.
Long-delayed Rupture of Spleen: Report of Two Cases
Authors: C. G. Attenborough
Journal: BMJ (1953)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA BouiuuRNnAt necropsy 18 hours later the only evidence of disease was in the coronary arteries, both of which were calcified, and the right artery was completely occluded.There was no evidence of multiple emboli.The LD 50 of the batch of ferrivenin when originally tested was approximately 300 mg. of iron per kg. of body weight in mice, and a recent toxicity test on the same batch showed no significant departure from this original figure .COMMENT Trivial and severe reactions to the use of intravenous ferrivenin have previously been reported.This case in which sudden death followed the first injection emphasizes the necessity for care: the initial dose should not exceed 25 mg.and the possibility of severe reactions even in patients who have had repeated injections should be kept constantly in mind.
No extra cancer deaths noted from atomic studies
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A study—by the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC—has been unable to find any new evidence of increased deaths from cancer related to radiation exposure in some of the early atomic bomb tests.  The council investigators studied more than 46,000 of the approximately 49,000 servicemen who were exposed to radiation while participating in at least one of five announced atmospheric nuclear tests of various atomic weapons between 1951 and 1958. (In all, there were 18 announced US tests of this type between 1946 and 1962.)  The study did confirm a previously reported number of excess deaths from leukemia—ten, as compared with the 3.97 deaths expected—among a group of 3,741 participants in one test (JAMA1983;250:620-624). The men in this group had participated in a test called Smoky of the Nevada test site series in 1957.  The National Research Council investigators also uncovered evidence of what