tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-793 Effects of Preoperative Tricuspid Regurgitation on Mitral Regurgitation Treatment with the MitraClip Device in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Maurizio Taramasso, Paolo Denti, Micaela Cioni, Nicola Buzzatti, Azeem Latib, Giovanni La Canna, Ottavio Alfieri, Antonio Colombo, Francesco Maisano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Case 15-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, William E. Strole, Terence J. Harrist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 69-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the right upper quadrant.A cholecystectomy had been performed 30 years earlier. She was well until eight months before admission, when she experienced right-upper-quadrant pain that radiated to the right shoulder. Physical examination revealed only local tenderness. The urea nitrogen was 17 mg per 100 ml (6.1 mmol per liter), the glucose 107 mg per 100 ml (5.9 mmol per liter), the bilirubin 0.4 mg per 100 ml (6.8 μmol per liter), and the protein 7.9 g (the albumin 3.6 g, and the globulin 4.3 . . .
Letter: Myopathies and malignant hyperpyrexia.
Authors: R F Moulds, M A Denborough
Journal: BMJ (1974)

scopy a small percentage of patients showed Giardia lamblia or Entamoeba histolytica infections and were treated with metroni- dazole (or other anti-amebic agent).How- ever, it was found that in patients with a similar chronic history but who had not had
Diphenylhydantoin-lnduced Asterixis
Authors: Martin J. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

While asterixis has recently been reported in connection with diphenylhydantoin intoxication, this clinical sign is not widely recognized as a symptom of such intoxication. We present two cases in which asterixis and multiple myoclonus occurred when serum diphenylhydantoin levels reached the toxic range. The movement disorder disappeared when diphenylhydantoin levels decreased. Controlled overdose reproduced the disorder in both patients. Metabolism of diphenylhydantoin and ammonia appeared to be normal in these patients. Asterixis is a potential symptom of diphenylhydantoin intoxication. (<i>JAMA</i>229:538-540, 1974)
Comparative Effectiveness and Health Care Spending
Authors: Robert C. Kane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: Weinstein and Skinner (Feb. 4 issue)1 provide a helpful framework for visualizing the relationship of aggregate medical expenditures to aggregate outcomes. In their article, they first propose “induc[ing] providers to cut back on cost-ineffective services” and later write that “If we can induce hospitals and health plans to improve efficiency . . . health costs . . . will come down.”1 Health care, like politics, is local. Is it possible that what is cost-effective for one provider or consumer may not be true for another? How much of the problem is “provider” driven as compared with “consumer” driven, in which case . . .
The European Respiratory Journal targets tuberculosis
Authors: C. Lange, W.W. Yew, G.B. Migliori, M. Raviglione
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

In the most recent report 1, 2, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2008 9.4 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases occurred and that 1.8 million people died of TB. Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many areas of the world, ranking at the seventh position of all causes of deaths worldwide and being second only to AIDS as an infectious cause of death 3. All regions of the world are affected, with the highest per capita rates in sub-Saharan Africa and the highest absolute numbers in Asia; however, the Middle East, Europe, especially Eastern Europe, and the Americas are also paying a heavy toll to the disease. It is very likely that the number of individuals who are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis , estimated to be about a third of humanity, has never been higher during human evolution than today.

In the past decades, huge efforts have been made and ambitious goals have been set, such as halving prevalence and mortality by 2015 compared to 1990 and eliminating TB by 2050 4, to combat TB at different levels: by governments, multilateral organisations ( e.g. WHO, the World Bank), new financing mechanisms ( e.g. the Global Fund, UNITAID), non-governmental organisations, foundations ( e.g. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation), civil society, the corporate sector and professional societies ( e.g. the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society (ERS)). As a result of these efforts, nearly 6 million lives have been saved compared to the standards of care before 1995 and 36 million people have been cured since 1995. Furthermore, the Millennium Development Goal-related TB target of halting the increase and beginning to make …
Role of SOX17 in hematopoietic development from human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi, Mitsujiro Osawa, Motohiko Oshima, Haruna Takagi, Satoru Miyagi, Mitsuhiro Endoh, Takaho A. Endo, Naoya Takayama, Koji Eto, Tetsuro Toyoda, Haruhiko Koseki, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Atsushi Iwama
Journal: Blood (2012)
Mortality among drug addicts in Greater London.
Authors: A H Ghodse, M Sheehan, B Stevens, C Taylor, G Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1978)

During January 1970 to December 1974, 134 deaths in people aged 10-50 years investigated by coroners in Greater London were recorded as being due to drug addiction. Over three-quarters of the addicts were under 30, and 105 (78%) were male; 55 (41%) were unknown to the Home Office. Barbiturate overdose accounted for over half of the deaths, though two-thirds of these were in people registered as addicts to notifiable drugs. Since the Home Office index is concerned with addiction to one class of drugs only, it fails to reflect accurately the prevalence of all serious forms of addiction. Owing to the continuous change in drug-taking behaviour, however, probably no one method of assessment can provide a complete picture, and thus complementary research methods are essential.
Mutations in KIF7 link Joubert syndrome with Sonic Hedgehog signaling and microtubule dynamics
Authors: Claudia Dafinger, Max Christoph Liebau, Solaf Mohamed Elsayed, Yorck Hellenbroich, Eugen Boltshauser, Georg Christoph Korenke, Francesca Fabretti, Andreas Robert Janecke, Inga Ebermann, Gudrun Nürnberg, Peter Nürnberg, Hanswalter Zentgraf, Friederike Koerber, Klaus Addicks, Ezzat Elsobky, Thomas Benzing, Bernhard Schermer, Hanno Jörn Bolz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is characterized by a specific brain malformation with various additional pathologies. It results from mutations in any one of at least 10 different genes, including NPHP1, which encodes nephrocystin-1. JBTS has been linked to dysfunction of primary cilia, since the gene products known to be associated with the disorder localize to this evolutionarily ancient organelle. Here we report the identification of a disease locus, JBTS12, with mutations in the KIF7 gene, an ortholog of the Drosophila kinesin Costal2, in a consanguineous JBTS family and subsequently in other JBTS patients. Interestingly, KIF7 is a known regulator of Hedgehog signaling and a putative ciliary motor protein. We found that KIF7 co-precipitated with nephrocystin-1. Further, knockdown of KIF7 expression in cell lines caused defects in cilia formation and induced abnormal centrosomal duplication and fragmentation of the Golgi network. These cellular phenotypes likely resulted from abnormal tubulin acetylation and microtubular dynamics. Thus, we suggest that modified microtubule stability and growth direction caused by loss of KIF7 function may be an underlying disease mechanism contributing to JBTS.
Hospital laboratory computing.
Authors: E C Cole
Journal: BMJ (1978)

had a stillbirth rate of 10 1 per 1000.A decline in the hospital stillbirth rate for this minimalrisk group from 117 to 101 per 1000 is rela- tively less than that achieved outside, from 4 2 to 34-hardly an impressive vindication of the current policy of moving towards hospitalisation for all.Thus the more recent evidence on stillbirths fails to support the conclusion drawn by Mrs Fedrick and Professor Butler from 1958 data.The need for further research is as great as ever.
Neurotrophin 3 Transduction Augments Remyelinating and Immunomodulatory Capacity of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Jingxian Yang, Yaping Yan, Yang Xia, Tingguo Kang, Xing Li, Bogoljub Ciric, Hui Xu, Abdolmohamad Rostami, Guang-Xian Zhang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) have therapeutic potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, to date, their use has resulted in only limited clinical and pathological improvement. To enhance their therapeutic capacity, in the present study, we transduced bone marrow–derived NSCs (BM-NSCs) with neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), a potent neurotrophic factor that is both neuroprotective and immunomodulatory. We found that BM-NSCs transduced with NT-3 reduced central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and neurological deficits in ongoing EAE significantly more than conventional NSC therapy, and, in addition, had the following advantages: (i) enhanced BM-NSC proliferation and differentiation into oligodendrocytes and neurons, as well as inhibited differentiation into astrocytes, thus promoting remyelination and neuronal repopulation, and reducing astrogliosis; (ii) enhanced anti-inflammatory capacity of BM-NSCs, thus more effectively suppressing CNS inflammation and accelerating remyelination; (iii) the easy accessibility of BM-NSCs provides another advantage over brain-derived NSCs for MS therapy; and (iv) a novel Tet-on system we used enables efficient control of NT-3 expression. Thus, our study provides a novel approach to break the vicious inflammation-demyelination cycle, and could pave the way to an easily accessible and highly effective therapy for CNS inflammatory demyelination. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have therapeutic potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, to date, their use has resulted in only limited clinical and pathological improvement. To enhance their therapeutic capacity, in the present study, we transduced bone marrow–derived NSCs (BM-NSCs) with neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), a potent neurotrophic factor that is both neuroprotective and immunomodulatory. We found that BM-NSCs transduced with NT-3 reduced central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and neurological deficits in ongoing EAE significantly more than conventional NSC therapy, and, in addition, had the following advantages: (i) enhanced BM-NSC proliferation and differentiation into oligodendrocytes and neurons, as well as inhibited differentiation into astrocytes, thus promoting remyelination and neuronal repopulation, and reducing astrogliosis; (ii) enhanced anti-inflammatory capacity of BM-NSCs, thus more effectively suppressing CNS inflammation and accelerating remyelination; (iii) the easy accessibility of BM-NSCs provides another advantage over brain-derived NSCs for MS therapy; and (iv) a novel Tet-on system we used enables efficient control of NT-3 expression. Thus, our study provides a novel approach to break the vicious inflammation-demyelination cycle, and could pave the way to an easily accessible and highly effective therapy for CNS inflammatory demyelination.
Gene Therapy of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: The Engraftment Dilemma
Authors: Manuel Grez, Janine Reichenbach, Joachim Schwäble, Reinhard Seger, Mary C Dinauer, Adrian J Thrasher
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

The potential of gene therapy as a curative treatment for monogenetic disorders has been clearly demonstrated in a series of recent Phase I/II clinical trials. Among primary immunodeficiencies, gene transfer into hematopoietic stem (HSC)/progenitor cells has resulted in the long-term correction of immune and metabolic defects in treated patients. In most cases, successes were augmented by a recognized biological selection for successfully treated cells in vivo, perhaps even to some extent at the HSC level. In contrast, similar achievements have not turned into reality for immunodeficiencies in which gene-transduced cells lack selective advantages in vivo. This is the case for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a primary immunodeficiency, characterized by deficient antimicrobial activity in phagocytic cells. Several attempts to correct CGD by gene transfer in combination with bone marrow conditioning have resulted in low-level long-term engraftment and transient clinical benefits despite high levels of gene marking and high numbers of reinfused cells. This review summarizes the data from clinical trials for CGD and provides some insights into treatment options that may lead to a successful application of gene therapy for CGD. The potential of gene therapy as a curative treatment for monogenetic disorders has been clearly demonstrated in a series of recent Phase I/II clinical trials. Among primary immunodeficiencies, gene transfer into hematopoietic stem (HSC)/progenitor cells has resulted in the long-term correction of immune and metabolic defects in treated patients. In most cases, successes were augmented by a recognized biological selection for successfully treated cells in vivo, perhaps even to some extent at the HSC level. In contrast, similar achievements have not turned into reality for immunodeficiencies in which gene-transduced cells lack selective advantages in vivo. This is the case for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a primary immunodeficiency, characterized by deficient antimicrobial activity in phagocytic cells. Several attempts to correct CGD by gene transfer in combination with bone marrow conditioning have resulted in low-level long-term engraftment and transient clinical benefits despite high levels of gene marking and high numbers of reinfused cells. This review summarizes the data from clinical trials for CGD and provides some insights into treatment options that may lead to a successful application of gene therapy for CGD.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Patients With Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Authors: Bruce A. Perkins, David Olaleye, Vera Bril
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are common conditions in patients with diabetes and therefore frequently occur concomitantly. Diagnosis of CTS in patients with DPN is important, as therapeutic interventions directed toward relief of CTS may be effective irrespective of diffuse neuropathy. The prevalence of clinical CTS and the most efficient electrodiagnostic discriminators of CTS from diffuse neuropathy are uncertain.A total of 478 subjects, including reference subjects (without diabetes and without neuropathy), nonneuropathic subjects with diabetes, and diabetic subjects with mild, moderate, and severe neuropathy, were evaluated in a cross-sectional design for clinical features of CTS. In the ascertainment of the cohort, a clinical stratification method was used to ensure a broad spectrum of neuropathy severity. All subjects underwent nerve conduction study determinations of median, ulnar, and sural nerve parameters.The prevalence of clinical CTS was 2% in the reference population, 14% in diabetic subjects without DPN, and 30% in those with DPN. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that mean electrodiagnostic parameters are not significant predictors of clinical CTS in patients with diabetes. Generally, the parameters worsened with severity of neuropathy, but none reliably distinguished diabetic patients with and without CTS.Given the high prevalence of CTS in patients with DPN and that electrodiagnostic criteria cannot distinguish those with clinical CTS, it is recommended that therapeutic decisions for CTS be made independently of electrodiagnostic findings.
Prognosis of Patients Listed for a Heart Transplant During the Pretransplant Period: Does Diabetes Matter?
Authors: Gerdi Weidner, Miriam Hemmersbach, Jacqueline M.A. Smits, Thomas Kubiak, Uwe Schulz, Jan Gummert, Michael Weyand, Heike Spaderna
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Whether patients with advanced heart failure and diabetes mellitus (DM) should be listed for heart transplantation (HTx) remains controversial due to conflicting findings regarding their post-HTx survival (1–3). We studied HTx candidates with and without DM during the pre-HTx period, examining multiple waiting list outcomes. Patients were enrolled in the Waiting for a New Heart Study, a multisite observational study of 318 adult (≥18 years of age) patients (aged 53 ± 11 years; 18% female) who were newly listed for HTx with Eurotransplant between April 2005 and December 2006 (4). Informed consent and ethics approval were obtained (4). Characteristics at the time of listing included age, DM, and the Heart Failure Survival Score (1). Outcomes were mechanical circulatory support (MCS) device implantation, death combined with delisting due to clinical deterioration, high urgency HTx, and elective HTx.

There were 288 patients (75 with DM, 213 without …
PATTERNS OF VASCULAR HEALING OF BARE METAL STENTS DILATED WITH A SECOND GENERATION PACLITAXEL COATED BALLOON: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH THE TAXUS STENT IN THE FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC OVERSTRETCH INJURY CORONARY MODEL
Authors: Piotr Buszman, Armando Tellez, Maxwell Afari, Yanping Cheng, Jennifer McGregor, Gerard Conditi, Mark Stenoien, Dan Langanki, Serge Rousselle, Greg Kaluza, Juan Granada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Age-Specific Incidence Rates Of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Murray Joseph Casey
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  I am writing to supportthe conclusions of Proudfit and Austin in LETTERS (237:958-959, 1977) that the incidence of uterine corpus cancer, an age-specific disease, should be reported in age-specific rates. An earlier analysis of data generated by the Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR) showed no change in the age-adjusted rates of endometrial cancer between 1935 and 1969. 1 Because we felt that age-adjusted rates may not realistically reflect an actual change in the incidence of a disease that experience has shown to be most commonly diagnosed in specific older age groups, we used the Yates modification of chi-square analysis to examine the incidence rates of corpus cancer reported to the CTR between 1953 and 1973. We found a most significant ( P
Endoscopic Therapy of a Congenital Oesophageal Stricture
Authors: H. Huchzermeyer, M. Burdelski, M. Hruby
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

A sixteen months old girl with Down's-Syndrome suffered from congenital oesophageal membrane and segmental oesophageal stricture. In the neonatal period, two other associated malformations of the gastrointestinal tract (malrotation of gut and duodenal web) had been operated successfully. The first endoscopic examination of the eosophagus was performed at the age of sixteen months because of increasing dysphagia. A solid membrane in the lower part of the oesophagus was incised by diathermy. The associated segmental stenosis necessitated repeated bougienages. After this treatment the child developed well without clinical signs of dysphagia.
Thallium Avid Cerebral Radiation Necrosis
Authors: EDWARD B. MOODY, JONATHAN E. HODES, JOHN W. WALSH, STARLING THORNSBERRY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Thallium imaging has been proposed as a noninvasive method to distinguish recurrent tumor from cerebral radiation necrosis in patients who have undergone radiation therapy. Previous reports have supported the intuitive hypothesis that metabolically active tumor tissue would accumulate TI-201 to a much higher degree than nonviable necrotic tissue. A case of biopsy-proven cerebral radiation necrosis is presented demonstrating a degree of TI-201 avidity previously thought to be diagnostic of recurrent tumor. Based on this finding, it is concluded that a high degree of TI-201 uptake does not exclude the diagnosis of cerebral radiation necrosis.
Functional Diffusion Map As an Early Imaging Biomarker for High-Grade Glioma: Correlation With Conventional Radiologic Response and Overall Survival
Authors: Daniel A. Hamstra, Craig J. Galbán, Charles R. Meyer, Timothy D. Johnson, Pia C. Sundgren, Christina Tsien, Theodore S. Lawrence, Larry Junck, David J. Ross, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Brian D. Ross, Thomas L. Chenevert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Assessment of radiologic response (RR) for brain tumors utilizes the Macdonald criteria 8 to 10 weeks from the start of treatment. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a functional diffusion map (fDM) may provide an earlier measure to predict patient survival. Patients and Methods Sixty patients with high-grade glioma were enrolled onto a study of intratreatment MRI at 1, 3, and 10 weeks. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate imaging parameters as a function of patient survival at 1 year. Both log-rank and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to assess overall survival. Results Greater increases in diffusion in response to therapy over time were observed in those patients alive at 1 year compared with those who died as a result of disease. The volume of tumor with increased diffusion by fDM at 3 weeks was the strongest predictor of patient survival at 1 year, with larger fDM predicting longer median survival (52.6 v 10.9 months; log-rank, P &lt; .003; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 5.9). Radiologic response at 10 weeks had similar prognostic value (median survival, 31.6 v 10.9 months; log-rank P &lt; .0007; HR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.7 to 7.2). Radiologic response and fDM differed in 25% of cases. A composite index of response including fDM and RR provided a robust predictor of patient survival and may identify patients in whom RR does not correlate with clinical outcome. Conclusion Compared with conventional neuroimaging, fDM provided an earlier assessment of equal predictive value, and the combination of fDM and RR provided a more accurate prediction of patient survival than either metric alone.
Peritoneal Lavage White Cell Counts
Authors: Richard E. Burney, James R. Mackenzie
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the report of Vij and associates<sup>1</sup>regarding peritoneal lavage white cell counts. We would like to call to the attention of readers work not cited in this report nor in the accompanying editorial that addresses the timing and character of this white cell response after abdominal visceral injury.<sup>2-4</sup>White cell count elevations in lavage fluid are independent of hemorrhage and relate almost exclusively to hollow viscus perforation but may be delayed four to six hours in onset, depending on the location and extent of injury. Readers ofThe Journalmay find this information helpful in resolving some of the apparent conflicts regarding the interpretation of lavage white cell counts. Other current clinical reports<sup>5,6</sup>affirm the value of lavage white cell count elevations for the prompt diagnosis of isolated small-bowel perforation with 18 to 24 hours of diagnostic delay saved by