tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DEMISE OF NURSING IN THE UK: The demise of nursing in the United Kingdom: a warning for medicine
Authors: B. Tucker
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

A catchy title, but I wasn't expecting the authors to show such astonishing lack of insight into the causes of this decline (JRSM 2007;100:70-74). Their main premise seems to be that what is wrong with UK nursing is that not everyone has a degree, and therefore nurses are unable to understand how to do their jobs! I can't speak for others, but I suspect I am not alone in believing that it is exactly that switch from an ‘apprenticeship’ form of training to the academic regimes we have now that has ruined UK nursing. Healthcare assistants have always taken on much of the basic care of nursing, but in the ‘olden days’ they were called nursing auxiliaries, and they were also closely supervised by the Ward Sister or Staff Nurse, who seemed to manage pretty well without a degree. In this ‘golden age’ of nursing, probably back in the 1970s and 80s, the SRNs and SENs who ran the wards spent their time actually looking after patients, administering drugs, sorting out social problems, and yes, making sure the place was clean. The ‘tick-box’ culture of today means no-one can check a urine dipstick unless they have completed a ‘point of care’ testing assessment (reviewed annually!).
Environmental poisoning of children--lessons from the past.
Authors: W J Rogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Children have physiologic and behavioral characteristics that make them vulnerable to damage from environmental chemicals. In the past, there have been episodes in which children became ill or died from environmental exposures that spared adults or affected them less severely. Among the characteristics leading to children's sensitivity are their limited diets, dividing cells, differentiating organs and organ systems, slow or absent detoxification mechanisms, long life expectancy with the resulting ability to express damage with delayed consequences, and the severe metabolic demands of growth. There have been large outbreaks of poisonings involving children in Asia and Turkey, and some of the less obvious effects of chemicals have appeared in children in the United States. Although the United States has been spared a widespread outbreak of severe poisoning, such an incident is possible and would likely have greater consequences for children than adults.
Assessment of nasal flora and respiratory function tests of bakery workers working under modern conditions
Authors: H. Issever, B. Hapcioglu, K. Ozdilli, E. Kocyigit, H. Kaymakcalan, Y. Yegenoglu, O. Ozturk, S. Agkoc, A. Topuzoglu, N. Onoglu, E. Isik, S. Susever, B. Calak, B. Gurtekin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: experience of GIMEMA trials
Authors: L Pagano, A Pulsoni, M Vignetti, L Mele, L Fianchi, MC Petti, S Mirto, P Falcucci, P Fazi, G Broccia, G Specchia, F Di Raimondo, L Pacilli, P Leoni, S Ladogana, E Gallo, A Venditti, G Avanzi, A Camera, V Liso, G Leone, F Mandelli
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Immunologic Benefits and Hazards of Milk in Maternal-Perinatal Relationship
Authors: ALAN E. BEER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Aside from nutritional significance, milk affords infant mammals immunologic benefits. However, it is not without immunologically based hazards. These stem from its antigenicity and the fact that in certain species that receive their maternal immunologic endowment postpartum, hemolytic disease of the newborn may be mediated by colostral antibodies. Awareness that viable leukocytes are ingredients of colostrum and milk has stimulated interest in the significance of these cells. Skin grafting tests on foster-nursed rats and mice have given circumstantial evidence that, in these species, leukocytes may be transmitted naturally from the mother's blood stream to the suckling's blood stream through the milk, and that these cells may be beneficial (adoptive immunization) or, in some genetic contexts, harmful (initiating graft-versus-host disease). In man, too, studies on necrotizing enteritis and other disease provide increasing support for the thesis that leukocytes in milk fulfill a protective function, possibly as a consequence of their "natural" transplantation.Although milk provides infant mammals nutritional and immunologic benefits, it is not without immunologically-based hazards. The hazards are based on the antigenic status of milk and the fact that in certain animals that receive their maternal immunologic endowment postpartum, hemolytic disease of the newborn may be mediated by colostral antibodies. Laboratory experiments in rats suggest the possibility that birth does not necessarily preclude further transmission of viable leukocytes from maternal to infant tissues and that this may bring about certain immunologic hazard in certain genetic contexts (initiating graft vs. host disease). Studies in human infants strongly suggest however that milk is a better diet for the newborn than the manufacturer's artificial milk formula. There is a need to reevaluate the biological significance of the female breast and deemphasize its status as a symbol of femininity.
Risk of complications of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: nationwide prospective study in the Netherlands
Authors: Inge M Evers, Harold W de Valk, Gerard H A Visser
Journal: BMJ (2004)

To investigate maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies in women with type 1 diabetes in the Netherlands.Nationwide prospective cohort study.All 118 hospitals in the Netherlands.323 women with type 1 diabetes who became pregnant between 1 April 1999 and 1 April 2000.Maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy.84% (n = 271) of the pregnancies were planned. Glycaemic control early in pregnancy was good in most women (HbA(1c) < or = 7.0% in 75% (n = 212) of the population), and folic acid supplementation was adequate in 70% (n = 226). 314 pregnancies that went beyond 24 weeks' gestation resulted in 324 infants. The rates of pre-eclampsia (40; 12.7%), preterm delivery (101; 32.2%), caesarean section (139; 44.3%), maternal mortality (2; 0.6%), congenital malformations (29; 8.8%), perinatal mortality (9; 2.8%), and macrosomia (146; 45.1%) were considerably higher than in the general population. Neonatal morbidity (one or more complications) was extremely high (260; 80.2%). The incidence of major congenital malformations was significantly lower in planned pregnancies than in unplanned pregnancies (4.2% (n = 11) v 12.2% (n = 6); relative risk 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.88).Despite a high frequency of planned pregnancies, resulting in overall good glycaemic control (early) in pregnancy and a high rate of adequate use of folic acid, maternal and perinatal complications were still increased in women with type 1 diabetes. Neonatal morbidity, especially hypoglycaemia, was also extremely high. Near optimal maternal glycaemic control (HbA1c < or = 7.0%) apparently is not good enough.
When Heroics Fail
Authors: Jeanne LeVasseur
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
873 A MIXTURE OF NATIVE AND RECOMBINANT MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIGENS IMPROVES THE DETECTION OF PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES
Authors: C. Daehnrich, M. Mytilinaiou, A. Rosemann, C. Probst, W. Schlumberger, D. Bogdanos, W. Stoecker, L. Komorowski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Lung hyaluronan decreases during group B streptococcal pneumonia in neonatal piglets.
Authors: S E Juul, M G Kinsella, W E Truog, R L Gibson, G J Redding
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Neonatal Group B streptococcus (GBS) sepsis and pneumonia result in lung injury and remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Increased lung hyaluronan (HA) content is an important component of the lung's early response to damage in diseases such as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), and bleomycin-induced fibrosis. It is known, however, that GBS virulence factors include specific secretory enzymes such as hyaluronidase, an enzyme which breaks down HA. We therefore hypothesized that in lobar GBS pneumonia, lung HA would be decreased compared with normal values, and that in lobar pneumonia with atelectasis, lung HA would be further decreased because of increased substrate availability. The right lower lobes (RLL) and left lower lobes (LLL) of anesthetized piglets 16 +/- 2 d old were each selectively inoculated with 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units (CFU) GBS via an endobronchial catheter (n = 7). The LLL was subsequently collapsed by endobronchial occlusion following 10 min of 100% O2. Control animals (n = 6) was anesthetized, instrumented, and ventilated without exposure to GBS. At 4 h, lungs were removed and HA extracted and assayed using a competitive inhibition assay. HA extracted from areas of lobar pneumonia was significantly decreased (27 +/- 6.6 micrograms/g wet lung, p < 0.005) when compared with control values of control piglets (51 +/- 19.6 micrograms/g wet lung). Atelectasis plus lobar pneumonia further decreased lung HA to 10 +/- 13.3 micrograms/g wet lung, p < 0.0001. We conclude that lobar GBS decreases lung HA and that this process is augmented by collapsed lung regions, and speculate that this departure from the usual early lung response to injury contributes to GBS invasion of lung parenchyma.
ANTITYPHOID VACCINATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: FREDERICK F. RUSSELL
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The prophylactic use of antityphoid vaccine among children has, as yet, received scant attention in medical literature. The subject has been referred to incidentally in papers which I have read at various places during the past year, 1 but heretofore no statistics have been furnished.  Whether the measure be regarded as necessary or merely desirable will depend, to a great extent, on local conditions, but for a large class of young people, it is now, in my opinion, highly desirable. This class includes all those, from 2 to 16 years of age, who leave home for summer vacations, schools and colleges. Osler says:  Typhoid fever is a disease of youth and early adult life. Of the 1,500 cases treated in my wards in the Johns Hopkins Hospital, there were under 15 years of age, 231; between 15 and 20, 253; between 20 and 30, 680; between 30 and 40, 227;
Tamoxifen Decreases Cholesterol Sevenfold and Abolishes Lipid Lesion Development in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice
Authors: Jill Reckless, James C. Metcalfe, David J. Grainger
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Apolipoprotein E (apo E) knockout mice develop severe vascular lipid lesions resembling human atherosclerotic plaques, irrespective of the fat content of their diet. Methods and Results Oral tamoxifen (TMX) at a dose of 1.9 mg·kg body wt −1 ·d −1 abolished lipid lesion development, assayed by oil red O staining, whether the mice were fed a normal diet or a diet with high fat content. The TMX-treated mice showed a sevenfold decrease in total cholesterol. However, the proportion of plasma cholesterol present in VLDL remained unchanged, whereas the proportion in LDL decreased by 37%, and that in HDL increased by 64%. Consistent with the shift from LDL to HDL cholesterol, there was a 62% decrease in total triglycerides. The concentrations of active and acid-activatable latent plus active TGF-β in the aorta were substantially elevated by TMX (87% and 24% increase, respectively). Conclusions Although the mechanism of cardiovascular protection by TMX in apo E knockout mice is unknown, the inhibition of lipid lesion formation may be attributable to the changes in lipoprotein profile and the elevated levels of TGF-β, both of which are thought to be protective against atherosclerosis in humans and animal models.
Early amniocentesis: a cytogenetic evaluation.
Authors: D. E. Rooney, N. MacLachlan, J. Smith, M. T. Rebello, F. E. Loeffler, R. W. Beard, C. Rodeck, D. V. Coleman
Journal: BMJ (1989)

We investigated the use of amniocentesis performed at eight to 14 weeks' gestation as a possible alternative to chorionic villus sampling.
Use of Opioids in Management of Chronic Noncancer Pain
Authors: Marcus M. Reidenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters1 June 2010Use of Opioids in Management of Chronic Noncancer PainMarcus M. Reidenberg, MDMarcus M. Reidenberg, MDFrom Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-11-201006010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The editorial by McLellan and Turner (1) states that “Opioid overdose is among the most common causes of death nationwide.” Reference 3 gave a total of 9798 deaths from opioids plus cocaine in 2004. Because some deaths were due to cocaine, the number of opioid deaths was less than 9798. They may have meant the most common cause of accidental deaths or poisoning deaths, but deaths from opioid overdose are certainly not more common than deaths from cancer, heart disease, or stroke.Marcus M. Reidenberg, MDWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY 10065Reference1. McLellan AT, Turner BJ. Chronic noncancer pain management and opioid overdose: time to change prescribing practices [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:123-4. [PMID: 20083830] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marcus M. Reidenberg, MDAffiliations: From Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoChronic Noncancer Pain Management and Opioid Overdose: Time to Change Prescribing Practices A. Thomas McLellan and Barbara J. Turner Use of Opioids in Management of Chronic Noncancer Pain A. Thomas McLellan and Barbara J. Turner Opioids in Management of Chronic Noncancer Pain Stephen G. Gelfand Use of Opioids in Management of Chronic Noncancer Pain Howard Kornfeld Metrics 1 June 2010Volume 152, Issue 11Page: 757KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCocaineConflicts of interestOpioidsStroke ePublished: 1 June 2010 Issue Published: 1 June 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Splanchnic glucose and amino acid metabolism in obesity.
Authors: P Felig, J Wahren, R Hendler, T Brundin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Arterial concentrations and splanchnic exchange of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, free fatty acids, and individual acidic and neutral amino acids were determined in obese and nonobese control subjects in the basal state and during a 45 min infusion of glucose. Glucose was administered to the controls at a rate (2 mg/kg/min; 144 +/- 4 mg/min) known to inhibit splanchnic glucose output without influencing peripheral glucose utilization. The obese subjects received glucose at two dose levels (75 and 150 mg/min) which simulated either the rise in insulin or the inhibition in splanchnic glucose production observed in the controls. In the basal state splanchnic glucose production did not differ significantly between obese and control subjects. However splanchnic uptake of lactate, glycerol, alanine, free fatty acids, and oxygen was 50-160% greater in obese subjects. Splanchnic uptake of glucose precursors could account for 33% of hepatic glucose output in the obese group as compared to 19% in controls. The increase in alanine and lactate uptake was due in part, to a 50% increase in splanchnic fractional extraction. Administration of glucose to the control subjects 144 +/- 4 mg/min) resulted in a 50-60% increment in arterial insulin and a 75% reduction in splanchnic glucose output. In the obese group, infusion of glucose at a rate of 75 mg/min resulted in an equivalent rise in arterial insulin, but was accompanied by a less than 40% inhibition in splanchnic glucose output. Glucose infusion at a rate of 150 mg/min in the obese resulted in a 75% reduction in splanchnic glucose output which was equivalent to that observed in controls, but was accompanied by a significantly greater rise (100-200%) in arterial insulin. It is concluded that in obesity (a) despite basal hyperinsulinemia, splanchnic uptake of glucose precursors is increased, the relative contribution to total glucose release attributable to gluconeogenesis being 70% higher than in controls; (b) infusion of glucose at rates causing equivalent increases in arterial insulin induces a smaller inhibition in splanchnic glucose output than in controls; (c) infusion of glucose at rates causing comparable inhibition in splanchnic glucose output is accompanied by a disproportionately greater increase in endogenous insulin than in controls. These data are compatible with hepatic resistance to insulin in obesity.
Internet can be accessed from NHSnet
Authors: S. de Lusignan, A. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR —Keen raises several issues in his article about the cost effectiveness of the NHScomputer network, NHSnet, for general practices.1

Firstly, he seems to present the internet as an alternative to NHSnet, implying that practices can choose between one or the other. In fact the internet can be accessed from NHSnet though a secure gateway (though internet users cannot browse NHSnet). Thus practices connected to NHSnet can access useful internet sites, such as Medline, Bandolier, and the Cochrane …
Mobile Thrombus on Device Leads in Patients Undergoing Ablation
Authors: Gregory E. Supple, Jian-Fang Ren, Erica S. Zado, Francis E. Marchlinski
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Mobile thrombi, not routinely recognized on transthoracic echocardiography, are frequently identified on cardiovascular implantable electronic device leads with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) during ablation procedures. Their incidence, characteristics, and consequences have not yet been defined.We used ICE to examine leads for thrombi and to measure the pulmonary artery systolic pressure in patients with a cardiovascular implantable electronic device presenting for ablation. Patient clinical characteristics, device type, and lead characteristics were correlated with presence of thrombi. Most patients had congestive heart failure (84%), with an average left ventricular ejection fraction of 40%. Thrombi were seen with ICE in 26 of 86 patients (30%) but were seen on transthoracic echocardiography in only 1 of the 26 patients. Thrombi on ICE were mobile, averaged 18 ± 5.9 mm long by 4.4 ± 2.3 mm wide, and were more commonly identified in the right atrium (n=25) than in the right ventricle (n=5). Thrombi were associated with higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure: 39 ± 9 mm Hg with thrombi versus 33 ± 7 mm Hg without thrombi (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.20; P=0.01). No other characteristic assessed was associated with a significant difference in the presence of lead thrombi.Mobile thrombi on cardiovascular implantable electronic device leads are present in 30% of patients undergoing ablation and are readily identified with ICE despite being underrecognized with transthoracic echocardiography. Further study is warranted to determine whether lead thrombi are a clinically relevant source of pulmonary emboli in some patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.
Serum antibodies against the hepatitis C virus E2 protein mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Authors: Jacob Nattermann, Angelika Maria Schneiders, Ludger Leifeld, Bettina Langhans, Monika Schulz, Geneviève Inchauspé, Bertfried Matz, Hans H. Brackmann, Michael Houghton, Tilman Sauerbruch, Ulrich Spengler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Pancreatitis after sphincter of Oddi manometry.
Authors: P Rolny, B Anderberg, I Ihse, E Lindstrom, G Olaison, A Arvill
Journal: Gut (1990)

The nature, frequency, severity, and possible causes of complications after 207 sphincter of Oddi manometry measurements were studied in 146 patients. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in 6% (12 of 207) of the investigations and in 8% (12 of 146) of the patients examined. The pancreatitis was mild in all patients. After cannulation of the pancreatic duct, acute pancreatitis occurred in 10 of 95 (11%) patients compared with one of 93 (1%) when the manometry catheter entered the bile duct only (p less than 0.02). Seven (58%) of the patients who developed acute pancreatitis, however, were found to be suffering from chronic pancreatitis. Some 26% of all sphincter of Oddi manometry measurements on patients with this diagnosis were complicated by an acute attack of pancreatitis compared with 3% (p less than 0.001) in patients without signs of chronic pancreatitis. In all patients the pancreatitis developed within three hours of manometry. We conclude that pancreatitis may occasionally follow sphincter of Oddi manometry measurement, even in patients without pancreaticobiliary disease, and that underlying chronic pancreatitis constitutes a definite risk. Sphincter of Oddi manometry measurement in control subjects should therefore be performed only in centres where the safety of the procedure has been established, and the presence of chronic pancreatitis should be excluded beforehand. Cannulation of the pancreatic duct should be avoided. Manometry can be safely performed, however, as an outpatient procedure.
States Show Wide Discrepancies in Quality of Health Care for US Children
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal