tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts used for arterial bypass: a canine model
Authors: R W LANDYMORE, C E KINLEY, C A CAMERON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Late vein graft occlusion following myocardial revascularisation is usually the result of progressive intimal hyperplasia which ultimately leads to vein graft thrombosis. Considerable attention has recently been directed towards the development of optimal platelet-inhibiting drug regimens designed to prevent intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts. This report describes an animal model that reliably reproduces short-term intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts, thus facilitating the study of platelet-inhibiting drug regimens for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia. 28 segments of undistended jugular vein were implanted end-to-end between bilaterally divided femoral arteries in 14 mongrel dogs. Seven control animals (CON) received a non-lipid diet one week before and for 6 weeks following vein implantation. A further seven animals received a 2% cholesterol diet throughout the study. Serum cholesterol was measured at 4.06 ± 0.6 mmol·litre-1 in the CON and did not change significantly throughout the study. Serum cholesterol rose from 3.9 ± 0.4 to 8.5 ± 0.8 mmol·litre-1 in the lipid-supplemented animals (p<0.001). Vein grafts were harvested at 6 weeks and fixed in formaldehyde. Precise measurements of intimal thickness in microns were measured from multiple vein graft cross-sections with a Zeiss computerised interactive image analysing system. A mean of 102 ± 15 measurements were made from each vein graft cross-section. Intimal thickness of autogenous vein grafts prior to implantation were similar in both groups and measured 4.15 ± 0.4 μm. Intimal thickness increased in CON animals to 23.3 ± 3 μm. By contrast, intimal thickness was more marked in those animals receiving a lipid-supplemented diet and increased to 84 ± 14 μm (p<0.001). These data indicate that a 2% cholesterol diet results in a markedly accelerated rate of intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts used for arterial bypass and suggests that this animal model may be used in future to facilitate the study of platelet-inhibiting drug regimens, designed to prevent intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts used for arterial bypass.
The Interpreter of Facts
Authors: Harold W Horowitz
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TCT-182 How Safe is the idea "Full-Metal Jacket" for Long Diffuse Coronary Lesions; Insights from a Very Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Sandeep Basavarajaiah, Tasuku Hasegawa, Toru Naganuma, Ahmed Rezq, Kensuke Takagi, Alessandro Sticchi, Filippo Figini, Azeem Latib, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 3023: MicroRNA expression profile in pancreatic cancer stem cells
Authors: Dawoon E. Jung, Jing Wen, Tae Yun Oh, Si Young Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNA(or miRNA) regulates various biological process including development, differentiation, proliferation, maintenance and apoptosis. Recently, existence of cancer stem cells was reported in some solid malignancies, including breast, brain, prostate, liver and pancreas cancers. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains an extremely aggressive malignancy that is virtually therapy-resistant. Thus better understanding on cancer stem cell biology will not only help us to develop diagnostic marker for early diagnosis but also to treat against chemoresistant pancreatic cancer. Lately, evidences of miRNA involvement in cancer stem cells have been reported. Several miRNAs including let-7, mir-200, and mir-181 shows regulatory functions in cancer stem cells of different organs, however, miRNAs in other cancers including pancreas has not yet been reported. In this present study, we analyzed pancreatic cancer stem cell specific miRNAs and further investigated their functional role in cancer stem cells. To analyze the differentially expressed miRNAs, we used sphere cultivation methods to enrich stem cell population and analyzed overall miRNA expression with miRNA microarray. Then correlation of miRNA expression and mRNA expression was analyzed by using linear model Yijkg=µ+Ai+Dj+Vk+Gg+AGig+VGkg+εijkg where A, D, V, and G represent the additive effect of the ith array, jth dye, kth biological group, and gth gene, respectively; AG represents the combinatorial effect of the ith array with the gth gene; εijkg describes the random error associated with each measurement; and VG for the combinatorial effect of the kth biological group with the gth gene. All additive effects were estimated via least squares and an F-test was performed on the modeled data to select differentially expressed genes. The candidate miRNA expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR. As a result, number of miRNAs showed differential expression in sphere and are considered to have functional role in cancer stem cells by directly or indirectly targeting mRNAs. Further, correlation analysis suggested possible linkage between miRNA clusters with stem cell associated mRNAs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3023.
Topical antibiotics in pyodermas
Authors: S. T. ZAYNOUN, M. T. MATTA, M. M. UWAYDA, A. K. KURBAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

The value of topical antibiotics in the treatment of pyodermas was reassessed. In a double-blind study, the efficacy of 0.1% gentamicin cream was tested. There was no significant statistical difference in the degree of improvement between the group of patients that received the gentamicin cream and those treated with a placebo. The response obtained was thought to be due to washing and removal of crusts. Hence, it is considered advisable to abstain from the use of topical antibiotics in pyodermas.
Nobel Prize Winners’ Research Relates to Brain Function and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Claire L. Langrish, Yi Chen, Wendy M. Blumenschein, Jeanine Mattson, Beth Basham, Jonathan D. Sedgwick, Terrill McClanahan, Robert A. Kastelein, Daniel J. Cua
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of a unique p19 subunit, and a common p40 subunit shared with IL-12. IL-12 is important for the development of T helper (Th)1 cells that are essential for host defense and tumor suppression. In contrast, IL-23 does not promote the development of interferon-γ–producing Th1 cells, but is one of the essential factors required for the expansion of a pathogenic CD4+ T cell population, which is characterized by the production of IL-17, IL-17F, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor. Gene expression analysis of IL-23–driven autoreactive T cells identified a unique expression pattern of proinflammatory cytokines and other novel factors, distinguishing them from IL-12–driven T cells. Using passive transfer studies, we confirm that these IL-23–dependent CD4+ T cells are highly pathogenic and essential for the establishment of organ-specific inflammation associated with central nervous system autoimmunity.
Abstract 2445: Involvement of neutrophils and natural killer cells in the anti-tumor activity of alemtuzumab in xenograft tumor models
Authors: William M. Siders, Jacqueline Shields, Carrie Garron, Yanping Hu, Paula Boutin, Srinivas Shankara, William Weber, Bruce Roberts, Johanne M. Kaplan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Alemtuzumab (Campath) is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against CD52, an antigen expressed at high levels on the surface of normal and malignant B and T lymphocytes. Alemtuzumab is approved for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), but the exact mechanism by which the antibody depletes malignant lymphocytes in vivo is not clearly defined. To address this issue, the anti-tumor activity of alemtuzumab was studied in disseminated and subcutaneous xenograft tumor models. The density of CD52 target antigen on the surface of tumor cells appeared to be an important factor as an overall correlation was observed between the anti-tumor activity of alemtuzumab and levels of CD52 expression. Deglycosylation of alemtuzumab resulted in a loss of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro and was found to abolish anti-tumor activity in vivo. Individual inactivation of these effector mechanisms in tumor-bearing mice indicated that the protective activity of alemtuzumab in vivo was primarily dependent on ADCC mediated by neutrophils and to a lesser extent NK cells, as evidenced by the loss of tumor growth inhibition caused by removal of these populations with antibodies to Gr-1 or asialo-GM-1, respectively. In contrast, inactivation of complement by treatment with cobra venom factor or depletion of macrophages using clodronate liposomes had no significant impact on the anti-tumor activity of alemtuzumab in vivo. Increasing the number of circulating neutrophils by treatment with G-CSF enhanced the anti-tumor activity of the antibody thus providing further evidence for the involvement of neutrophils as effector cells in the activity of alemtuzumab. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2445.
Rheumatic Nephrosclerosis
Authors: WALTER L. BRUETSCH
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Three instances of rheumatic nephrosclerosis are described in patients with chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease. The underlying mechanism of this renal lesion consists of an obliterating rheumatic endarteritis, involving mainly medium-sized and small arteries of the renal cortex. The arterioles take relatively little part in these changes. The widespread occlusive vascular disease gives rise to innumerable microscopic infarctions, resulting in a coarsely granular external surface of the kidneys. A similar granular appearance of cerebral convolutions may or may not occur in these cases, depending on whether the small meningeal and cortical vessels of the brain are extensively involved.
Review: Treatment options for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis were compared
Authors: Kuan Huei Ng, Wieslaw Oczkowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club20 August 2013Review: Treatment options for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis were comparedKuan Huei Ng, MD, Wieslaw Oczkowski, MDKuan Huei Ng, MDMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (K.H.N., W.O.), Wieslaw Oczkowski, MDMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (K.H.N., W.O.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-4-201308200-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationRaman G, Moorthy D, Hadar N, et al. Management strategies for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:676-85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23648949Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Hospitalists: Neurology: References1 Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, et al; Carotid Endarterectomy Trialists' Collaboration. Analysis of pooled data from the randomised controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Lancet. 2003;361:107-16. [PMID: 12531577] Google Scholar2 Woo K, Garg J, Hye RJ, Dilley RB. Contemporary results of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Stroke. 2010;41:975-9. [PMID: 20339122] Google Scholar3 Rudarakanchana N, Dialynas M, Halliday A. Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial−2 (ACST-2): rationale for a randomised clinical trial comparing carotid endarterectomy with carotid artery stenting in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009;38:239-42. [PMID: 19540137] Google Scholar4 Chaturvedi S, Wechsler LR. Carotid revascularization strategies: the need for more data [Editorial]. Stroke. 2012;43:929-30. [PMID: 22308242] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kuan Huei Ng, MD; Wieslaw Oczkowski, MDAffiliations: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (K.H.N., W.O.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 August 2013Volume 159, Issue 4Page: JC6KeywordsCarotid arteriesCarotid endarterectomyCohort studiesDatabasesDrug administrationFoodHealth care qualityHealth services researchHospitalistsMyocardial infarctionNeurologyPopulation statisticsRevascularizationStatinsStenosisStrokeSystematic reviews ePublished: 8 March 2020 Issue Published: 20 August 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Design of clinically useful iron(III)‐selective chelators
Authors: Zu D. Liu, Robert C. Hider
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2001)

Abstract Iron overload is a serious clinical condition which can be largely prevented by the use of iron‐specific chelating agents. Desferrioxamine‐B, the most widely used iron chelator in haematology over the past 30 years, has a major disadvantage of being orally inactive. Consequently, the successful design of an orally active, nontoxic, selective iron chelator has become a much sought after goal. In order to identify an ideal iron chelator for clinical use, a range of specifications must be considered such as metal selectivity and affinity, kinetic stability of the complex, bioavailability and toxicity. A wide range of chelator types bind iron(III) and of these, hexa‐, tri‐, and bidentate are capable of providing iron(III) with the favoured octahedral environment. In this review, the comparative properties of such ligands are discussed, examples being selected from hydroxamates, aminocarboxylates, hydroxypyridinones, orthosubstituted phenols and triazoles. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 1, 26–64, 2002
Increased Expression of Osteopontin Contributes to the Progression of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ani C. Khodavirdi, Zhigang Song, Shangxin Yang, Chen Zhong, Shunyou Wang, Hong Wu, Colin Pritchard, Peter S. Nelson, Pradip Roy-Burman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Osteopontin is a secreted glycosylated phosphoprotein known to be involved in numerous physiologic functions and associated with the late stages of various cancers. We used preneoplastic and neoplastic mouse models of prostate cancer to determine the onset of elevated expression of osteopontin in the development of this disease. Osteopontin alterations occurred early in the disease with dysregulated expression observed in lesions of low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Over time, osteopontin expressing dysplastic cells seemed to increase in number in high-grade PIN and increased further in adenocarcinoma, and in metastasis, almost all of the cancer cells immunohistochemically stained positive for osteopontin overexpression. We examined the biological properties of human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC-3, in which osteopontin overexpression was achieved via lentiviral gene transduction. Evidence was obtained that osteopontin could contribute to a proliferative advantage in both cell types, although more significantly in LNCaP than PC-3. Osteopontin also influenced their in vitro invasive ability, and again, most strikingly in the weakly oncogenic LNCaP. Furthermore, excess osteopontin induced the LNCaP cells to acquire a strong intravasation potential in vivo in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay for blood vessel penetration. These results establish a correlation between an increased gradient of osteopontin expression throughout the stages of murine prostate cancer, beginning from the preneoplastic lesions to distant metastases that suggests a proliferative and invasive advantages to those prostate tumor cells overexpressing osteopontin. Together, these findings support a strategy designed to target osteopontin in the context of prostate cancer therapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 883-8)
Inhibition of metastasis and growth of breast cancer by pH-sensitive poly (β-amino ester) nanoparticles co-delivering two siRNA and paclitaxel
Authors: Shan Tang, Qi Yin, Jinghan Su, Huiping Sun, Qingshuo Meng, Yi Chen, Lingli Chen, Yongzhuo Huang, Wangwen Gu, Minghua Xu, Haijun Yu, Zhiwen Zhang, Yaping Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Medicines Control Agency takes over GP research database
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Medicines Control Agency has taken over operation of the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), the world's largest computerised database of anonymised patient records, and will invest £3m ($4.8) over five years towards its development.

It is hoped that the move will counter the falling number of contributing GPs, and database deficiencies and remove the barriers faced by researchers in accessing the data.

The database was initially developed by Dr Alan Dean, a GP, to facilitate management of his own practice. A commercial company, Value …
Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnostic fiberoptic gastroscopy
Authors: H. Colcher
Journal: JAMA (1974)

RECENT developments in fiberoptic technology have revolutionized the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy. The endoscopist now can examine in great detail the entire length of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, and parts of the small intestine. Gastric lesions can be visualized and photographed.<sup>58</sup>Biopsy and cytologic specimens can be obtained under direct vision.<sup>59-62</sup> The diameter of the gastroscope is only 10 to 11 mm. Sophisticated manipulative systems permit the examiner to direct the distal tip of the gastroscope to specific areas of interest and perform a thorough investigation. External illumination from powerful sources of light and an integral bundle to carry the light into the stomach provide adequate illumination for still photography, cinegastroscopy, and television.<sup>63</sup>Magnetic tape recording for instantaneous replay and simultaneous examination by two observers via a teaching attachment serve to train new endoscopists. Review of these tapes and other photographic documents is useful for self-teaching.
The sight test fee Optomoetrists are making more thoughtful referrals
Authors: K W Pullum
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Optogenetics has in recent years become a central tool in neuroscience research. Estimating the transmission of visible light through brain tissue is of crucial importance for controlling the activation levels of neurons in different depths, designing the optical systems and avoiding lesions from excessive power density. The Kubelka-Munk model and Monte Carlo simulations have previously been used to model light propagation through rodents9 brain tissue, however, these prior attempts suffer from fundamental shortcomings. Here, we introduce and study two modified approaches for modeling the distributions of light emanating from a multimode fiber and scattering through tissue, using both realistic numerical Monte Carlo simulations and an analytical approach based on the Beam Spread Function approach. We demonstrate a good agreement of the new methods9 predictions both with recently published data, and with new measurements in mouse brain cortical slices, where our results yield a new cortical scattering length estimate of ∼47 µm at λ = 473 nm, significantly shorter than ordinarily assumed in optogenetic applications. <b>Significance statement</b> For optogenetic stimulation to become highly controlled, reproducible and safe, a thorough understanding of the deep-tissue scattered light distributions that mediate the excitation is required. However, effective computation tools validated by actual measurements in brain tissue are currently still lacking. In this paper, we introduce, study and validate new numerical and analytical approaches for modeling the distributions of light propagating through brain tissue. We show that both methods lead to consistent results and use the much faster analytical method to iteratively extract the optical parameters from new measurements, suggesting that light penetration into cortical tissue is significantly less than usually assumed. The new level of faithfulness could assist in designing experimental setups and optical interfaces, and help interpret optogenetics experiments.
Mutation in the Transcriptional Regulator PhoP Contributes to Avirulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra Strain
Authors: Jong Seok Lee, Roland Krause, Jörg Schreiber, Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf, Jane Kowall, Robert Stein, Bo-Young Jeon, Jeong-Yeon Kwak, Min-Kyong Song, Juan Pablo Patron, Sabine Jorg, Kyoungmin Roh, Sang-Nae Cho, Stefan H.E. Kaufmann
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)