tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serotonin Stimulates the Expression of Thrombin Receptors in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Valérie B. Schini-Kerth, Beate Fisslthaler, Ellen Van Obberghen-Schilling, Rudi Busse
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Thrombin has been implicated in the development of intimal thickening after balloon angioplasty. The action of thrombin on vascular cells involves the proteolytic activation of G protein–coupled receptors that are subjected to rapid and irreversible homologous desensitization. Hence, the amount and availability of thrombin-activatable receptors play a determinant role in thrombin responsiveness. The possibility that the platelet-derived product serotonin (5-HT) regulates expression of the thrombin receptor was examined in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods and Results Thrombin receptor expression was assessed at the mRNA level by Northern blot analysis and functionally by measurement of the release of 6-ketoprostaglandin F 1α . 5-HT significantly enhanced thrombin receptor mRNA levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, an effect that was abolished by 5-HT 2 receptor antagonists and by inhibition of protein kinase C but only slightly affected by inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases. Enhanced thrombin receptor mRNA levels after exposure to 5-HT were associated with an increase in the thrombin-induced release of 6-ketoprostaglandin F 1α . Conclusions 5-HT stimulates the expression of thrombin receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells, probably via activation of 5-HT 2 receptors and the subsequent activation of protein kinase C and possibly also protein tyrosine kinases. The upregulation of the synthesis of plasma membrane thrombin receptors by 5-HT released from aggregating platelets at sites of vascular injury may potentiate the mitogenic and constrictor actions of thrombin in the vascular wall.
Activation of human blood monocytes by products of sensitized lymphocytes.
Authors: R E Rocklin, C T Winston, J R David
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Studies were carried out to determine whether products of activated human lymphocytes altered human monocyte function. Supernatants from sensitized human lymphocytes stimulated by specific antigen were cultured with monolayers of human monocytes. Such monocytes exhibited enhanced adherence to their culture vessels and increased glucose carbon-1 oxidation after 2-3 days of incubation. The substance responsible for these effects was found to elute from Sephadex G-100 gel columns in a fraction with 23,000 mol wt, the same fraction containing human migration inhibitory factor.
916-91 Recombinant Endotoxin-binding Protein (rBPI23) Attenuates Endotoxin-induced Circulatory Changes in Humans
Authors: Robbert J. de Winter, Marijke A.M. von der Mohlen, Nancy Wedel, B.J.M. Delemarre, Sander J.H. van Deventer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Induction of Androgen Formation in the Male by a TAT-VDAC1 Fusion Peptide Blocking 14-3-3ɛ Protein Adaptor and Mitochondrial VDAC1 Interactions
Authors: Yasaman Aghazadeh, Daniel B Martinez-Arguelles, Jinjiang Fan, Martine Culty, Vassilios Papadopoulos
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Low testosterone (T), a major cause of male hypogonadism and infertility, is linked to mood changes, fatigue, osteoporosis, reduced bone-mass index, and aging. The treatment of choice, T replacement therapy, has been linked with increased risk for prostate cancer and luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression, and shown to lead to infertility, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Alternate methods to induce T with lower side effects are desirable. In search of the mechanisms regulating T synthesis in the testes, we identified the 14-3-3ɛ protein adaptor as a negative regulator of steroidogenesis. Steroidogenesis begins in mitochondria. 14-3-3ɛ interacts with the outer mitochondrial membrane voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) protein, forming a scaffold that limits the availability of cholesterol for steroidogenesis. We report the development of a tool able to induce endogenous T formation. Peptides able to penetrate testes conjugated to 14-3-3ɛ site of interaction with VDAC1 blocked 14-3-3ɛ-VDAC1 interactions while at the same time increased VDAC1-translocator protein (18 kDa) interactions that induced steroid formation in rat testes, leading to increased serum T levels. These peptides rescued intratesticular and serum T formation in adult male rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, which dampened LH and T production. Low testosterone (T), a major cause of male hypogonadism and infertility, is linked to mood changes, fatigue, osteoporosis, reduced bone-mass index, and aging. The treatment of choice, T replacement therapy, has been linked with increased risk for prostate cancer and luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression, and shown to lead to infertility, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Alternate methods to induce T with lower side effects are desirable. In search of the mechanisms regulating T synthesis in the testes, we identified the 14-3-3ɛ protein adaptor as a negative regulator of steroidogenesis. Steroidogenesis begins in mitochondria. 14-3-3ɛ interacts with the outer mitochondrial membrane voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) protein, forming a scaffold that limits the availability of cholesterol for steroidogenesis. We report the development of a tool able to induce endogenous T formation. Peptides able to penetrate testes conjugated to 14-3-3ɛ site of interaction with VDAC1 blocked 14-3-3ɛ-VDAC1 interactions while at the same time increased VDAC1-translocator protein (18 kDa) interactions that induced steroid formation in rat testes, leading to increased serum T levels. These peptides rescued intratesticular and serum T formation in adult male rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, which dampened LH and T production.
951-69 Serial Angioscopic Assessment of Coronary Stent Lining with Antiplatelet or Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Giulio Guagliurni, Orazio Valsecchi, Maurizio Tespili, Mario Scuri, Alessandro Tasca, Luisa Colombo, Teresa Tomaselli, Rosella Oberti, Angelo Casari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Walter Brown Shelley
Authors: J. S. Comaish
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Walter Brown Shelley, MD PhD (always known as “Shelley” to his friends and family), died at home on Friday 30 January 2009, from cancer.

Born on the 6 February 1917, he developed into a brilliant clinician and a yet more brilliant and enterprising researcher. He published almost 1000 papers and six books. He achieved a worldwide reputation in his field and was first professor, then chairman of the renowned department of dermatology in the University of Pennsylvania, USA. He attracted not just the cream of his specialty in his native country, but many scores of privileged young dermatologists from the United Kingdom and other English-speaking centres. His brilliance as a diagnostician was remarkable, and his creative masterpieces in elucidating a wide variety of clinical and laboratory problems were awe inspiring.

To have studied with Walter Shelley and his colleague, competitor, and lifelong friend Albert Kligman was to have touched gold.

Always rapidly moving, physically, at nearly …
Heart Disease and Sports-Reply
Authors: Dwight E. Harken
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There has been an exchange of correspondence regarding an asymptomatic 18-year-old boy presumably with aortic insufficiency, possibly on the basis of rheumatic fever, with a normal electrocardiogram and roentgenogram. He is or was on an athletic scholarship for basketball or track. My advice was: "From the information at hand, the only safe advice is to avoid competitive sports." Dr. Lurie has answered this by saying that "an apparently safe, conservative course of action by the physician can do harm." He sensibly emphasizes the avoidance of iatrogenic heart disease. Dr. Lurie is not as impressed as I with the<i>diastolic</i>murmur and the fact that, if this heart disease is on the basis of rheumatic fever, at age 18 there is almost certainly residual rheumatic activity. These are the people who can dilate their ventricles and pass the point where prosthetic valves can be placed. Strenuous competitive sports
The oral toll-like receptor-7 agonist GS-9620 in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Edward J. Gane, Young-Suk Lim, Stuart C. Gordon, Kumar Visvanathan, Eric Sicard, Richard N. Fedorak, Stuart Roberts, Benedetta Massetto, Zhishen Ye, Stefan Pflanz, Kimberly L. Garrison, Anuj Gaggar, G. Mani Subramanian, John G. McHutchison, Shyamasundaran Kottilil, Bradley Freilich, Carla S. Coffin, Wendy Cheng, Yoon Jun Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Scintigraphic distribution of complexes of antiinsulin antibodies and 123I-insulin. In vivo studies in rats.
Authors: F Sodoyez-Goffaux, J C Sodoyez, M Koch, N Dozio, E R Arquilla, B McDougall, C J De Vos, R von Frenckell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Clearance of immune complexes made of antiinsulin antibodies and 123I-insulin was studied with scintillation scanning in anesthetized rats. Complexes made with purified guinea pig antiinsulin IgG2 (cytophilic isotype) were rapidly cleared by the liver whereas those made with IgG1 remained in the plasma, as did 123I-labeled IgG1 or IgG2 of control animals. Hepatic clearance of insulin-antiinsulin IgG complexes was not inhibited by either an excess of insulin or decomplementation, thereby ruling out interaction with insulin and C3b receptors. Insulin and guinea pig antiinsulin serum or its purified IgG isotypes formed large aggregates exceeding 5 IgG. Antiinsulin antibodies of diabetics, mostly IgG1 and IgG3 (cytophilic isotypes), formed complexes that either remained in plasma (small aggregates) or were cleared by the liver (large aggregates). In conclusion, clearance of insulin-antiinsulin IgG complexes is probably mediated by Fc gamma receptors on macrophages and requires cytophilic subclass composition and formation of large IgG aggregates.
INSULIN RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE 1 GENE VARIATION MODIFIES INSULIN RESISTANCE RESPONSE TO VARIOUS TYPES OF DIETARY STRATEGIES: RESULTS FROM THE DIRECT INTERVENTION TRIAL
Authors: Ronen Durst, Shoshi Shpitzen, Vardialla Meiner, Dan Schwarzfuchs, Meir J. Stampfer, Daniel Schurr, Osnat Eliav, Eran Leitersdorf, Iris Shai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Interferon&amp;ndash;Alpha Suppresses the Antiapoptotic Effect of NF&amp;ndash;kB and Sensitizes Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells in vitro to Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Authors: Th. Steiner, U. Junker, B. Henzgen, K. Nuske, S.K. Durum, J. Schubert
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Letter: Metronidazole in treatment of empyema.
Authors: B J Smith, J Wellingham
Journal: BMJ (1976)

low.It is difficult to know what the second figure "1 in 450 000 to 1 in 1 800 000" is intended to denote.It is presumably meant to imply that the average size of population expected to include nine such patients is 450 000-1 800 000.This figure is probably too high but in any case the total population from which the nine patients were ascertained is undefined and presumably unknown.The probability that the size of this population falls within 95% confidence limits of the above estimate is likely to be quite high.Moreover, three specialised rheumatological centres were involved so that the likelihood of biased ascertainment is considerable.Among 104 successive men with ankylosing spondylitis ascertained here, one has sero- positive peripheral erosive polyarthritis with a rheumatoid olecranon nodule, his HLA typing including B27.The prevalence of this grade of rheumatoid arthritis is 1 00' in males.4We therefore interpret the evidence as providing no support for a non-random association of the two diseases and indeed it would be surprising and even more interesting if such cases were not encountered.All the present clinical, immunological, and genetic evidence points to the likelihood that there is no aetiological connection between rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
PEROXIDASE-MEDIATED MAMMALIAN CELL CYTOTOXICITY
Authors: Paul J. Edelson, Zanvil A. Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Lactoperoxidase, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iodide is cytotoxic for human and mouse lymphoid cells, and human erythrocytes. Myeloperoxidase, in amounts equivalent to 1.5 x 10(6) neutrophils, readily replaces lactoperoxidase, and allows the substitution of the iodide ion by chloride. The myeloperoxidase-mediated reaction is rapid, and highly efficient, leading to 85-90% cell death in 90 min, as measured by (51)chromium release and dye exclusion. The mixture of granulocytes. monocytes, and lymphocytes present in an inflammatory exudate, and the intimate cell-to-cell association characteristic of cytotoxic phenomena may provide the in vivo requirements for such a system.
Experience in Monitoring Drug Reactions in Outpatients
Authors: Gary D. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The Kaiser-Permanente Drug Reaction Monitoring System is, to our knowledge, the first epidemiologic adverse drug reaction study that has systematically monitored ambulatory patients. Prescriptions dispensed and clinic diagnoses made at the Kaiser-Permanente medical center in San Francisco are recorded in a central patient computer medical record. Rates of untoward events developing in users and nonusers of drugs are computed and compared. Drug-event associations are evaluated as to whether a cause and effect relationship is likely. Analysis of data obtained from over 220,000 clinic and pharmacy visits made by about 75,000 patients during the period, July to December 1969, provided information about outpatient drug usage patterns and evidence both for the existence of certain adverse drug reactions and against the occurrence of others.
An Approach to the Management of Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Jeffrey M. Hoeg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Recent clinical trials indicate that reduction of plasma cholesterol concentrations in individuals with increased levels of low-density lipoproteins reduces their risk of myocardial infarction and death. Therefore, the question of "whether to treat" should be shifted to "whom to treat" and "how best to treat". The understanding of normal lipid transport via the plasma lipoproteins has grown to a sophisticated level over the past 20 years. Plasma cholesterol, required for cellular membrane integrity, and plasma triglycerides, the primary mammalian energy source, are carried in lipoprotein particles that vary in size, density, lipid composition, and apolipoprotein content. Some lipoprotein particles (low-density lipoproteins) play a causal role in the atherosclerotic process, while other particles (high-density lipoproteins) appear to prevent this process. Utilizing this understanding of the plasma lipoproteins, a systematic approach to the management of the patient with hyperlipoproteinemia has been developed which may lead to the normalization of plasma lipoprotein concentrations in the majority of hyperlipoproteinemic patients.
High serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with crytogenic chronic liver disease (CLD): Relationship with non organ specific serum autoantibodies
Authors: F. Cassani, M. Fusconi, D. Drigiannakis, P. Manotti, L. Muratori, M. Lenzi, F.B. Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Splenic Atrophy in Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Authors: J. E. Pettit, A. V. Hoffbrand, P. P. Seah, L. Fry
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Twenty-four patients with dermatitis herpetiformis were investigated for splenic atrophy by splenic scan and clearance of (51)Cr-labelled heat-damaged red blood cells. Eight of them had definite splenic atrophy. The average splenic cross-sectional area of the remaining 16 with normal clearance times was substantially smaller than normal, suggesting some degree of splenic atrophy. No relationship of splenic hypofunction to intestinal biopsy findings, folate status, reticulin antibody, or treatment with a gluten-free diet or dapsone was evident.
The importance of listening
Authors: C. J Mance
Journal: BMJ (2008)

When I was a second year medical student my father was diagnosed with a neuroendocrine tumour of the pancreas. Chemotherapy provided some symptomatic relief, but two months after the end of the course of treatment he developed heart failure as a side effect, and he was quite limited in his activity. During his chemotherapy he had continued his job as a director of a large organisation, but when he developed heart failure he took retirement.

Within a few months it was clear that he was terminally ill, …
Usefulness of pancreatic duct wire-guided endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary adenoma for preventing post-procedure pancreatitis
Authors: Shin Kim, Jong Moon, Hyun Choi, Dong Kim, Tae Lee, Young Cheon, Young Cho, Sang-Heum Park, Sun-Joo Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> After endoscopic papillectomy, pancreatic duct stenting is important in preventing pancreatitis, but duct cannulation can be difficult following conventional snare resection. Pancreatic duct wire-guided endoscopic snaring before resection can reduce the post-procedure stenting failure rate. We evaluated the usefulness of this approach. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Pancreatic duct wire-guided endoscopic papillectomy was performed in 72 patients with ampullary adenoma. The snare loop was passed over a guide wire inserted into the pancreatic duct. After resection, a pancreatic stent was immediately placed along or alongside the guide wire. <b>Results:</b> Pancreatic duct stenting was successful in all patients after endoscopic papillectomy. Post-procedure pancreatitis occurred in 6/72 (8 %), but was mild and resolved with conservative treatment. Complete endoscopic resection of ampullary adenoma was achieved in 65/72 (90 %), with en bloc resection in 60/72 (83 %). There was no procedure-associated mortality. Follow-up (mean 23.7 months) showed recurrence in 5/65 (8 %) who had undergone complete resection. <b>Conclusions:</b> Pancreatic duct wire-guided endoscopic snare papillectomy for ampullary adenoma effectively facilitated pancreatic duct stenting to prevent severe post-procedure pancreatitis.
Non-adherence to medication increases stroke risk in patients with high blood pressure
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Most opposition to induced abortion turns on the belief that human fetuses are persons from conception. On this view, the moral status of the fetus <i>alone</i> requires those in a position to provide aid—gestational mothers—to make tremendous sacrifices to benefit the fetus. Recently, critics have argued that this pro-life position requires more than opposition to induced abortion. Pro-life theorists are relatively silent on the issues of spontaneous abortion, surplus in vitro fertilisation human embryos, and the suffering and death of born persons due to lack of access to food, shelter and medical care. Colgrove <i>et al</i> call such arguments <i>inconsistency arguments</i>, arguing they ‘do not matter’ and mischaracterise them as <i>ad hominem</i> attacks. Here, I argue these are better understood as moral dilemmas. While some critics argue pro-life inaction is evidence that they do not really believe human fetuses are persons, I contend this inaction is likely the result of resolvable confusion rather than moral negligence.
Giant colonic diverticulum
Authors: N. Altaf
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

the imaging procedure of choice for diagnosis and followup. Gallium scanning and ACE measurement in serum and cerebrospinal fluid may be helpful but lack sensitivity and specificity. The same is true of increased protein and mild pleocytosis (usually lymphocytosis) in the cerebrospinal fluid. Definitive diagnosis of sarcoidosis requires biopsy evidence of non-caseating necrotizing granulomas.5 Hypothalamic-pituitary sarcoidosis is treated with corticosteroids together with anterior and posterior pituitary hormone replacement. Corticosteroids lower the CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio, decrease interleukin-2 production, and inhibit collagen synthesis, all of which are abnormal at the sites of active disease within the brain. When the dose of prednisolone is lowered to 20–25 mg daily the symptoms commonly recur. There are few data on other immunomodulatory therapies, but ciclosporin, radiotherapy, azathioprine, chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide have all been used with disappointing results.1 Surgical intervention is indicated in cases of hydrocephalus or when an expanding mass lesion causes an increase in intracranial pressure. Clearly, treatment of hypothalamic-pituitary sarcoidosis has made great advances since 1971, when the median survival was only 45 months.2 The patients reported here were two of only three diagnosed in our unit over that period. The third, a 26-year-old man, was seen in 1986 with panhypopituitarism. On replacement therapy he remains well 19 years later. Unfortunately the condition can still cause sudden unexpected death.6
THE AGE FACTOR IN THE VELOCITY OF THE GROWTH OF FIBROBLASTS IN THE HEALING WOUND
Authors: Edward L. Howes, Samuel C. Harvey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The velocity curve of fibroplasia in the healing of wounds in young rats reached its end-point 3 days ahead of a similar curve for adults. Strength and fibroplasia were manifest 1 day sooner than in the adults. A study of the increments of the curve showed that the rate of fibroplasia during the accelerated phase was less in the young and that it lasted longer. Correspondingly, retardation appeared later and was less in amount than in the curve for the adult rats. The amount of retardation was even less than in the curve obtained for adults on a high protein diet, in spite of the fact that in this latter curve there was a definite increase in the rate of fibroplasia. Healing in the young, therefore, is more rapid than in adults because fibroplasia begins earlier and is less retarded, not because the rate of fibroplasia is greater. Growth of the young is not hindered by the process of wound healing.
Predictors of Longitudinal Change in Diffusing Capacity over 8 Years
Authors: DUANE L. SHERRILL, PAUL L. ENRIGHT, WALTER T. KALTENBORN, MICHAEL D. LEBOWITZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Low single-breath diffusing capacity (Dl CO) values are associated with anatomic emphysema, but the predictors of longitudinal change in Dl CO over many years are unknown. Study subjects were adult participants in the longitudinal Tucson Epidemiology Study of Obstructive Lung Disease who had at least one Dl CO measurement during either of two surveys 8 yr apart (n = 543). Smoking status was determined at each examination (current, former, or never smoker). Quitters were defined as those currently smoking at the baseline Dl CO examination (1982–1983) and self-reported as no longer smoking at the follow-up exam (1990–1991). The longitudinal Dl CO data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis; because of missing observations this was done using a saturated random effects model. The results showed that males had higher levels of Dl CO than females, current smokers had significantly lower levels of Dl CO than never smokers, but there was no difference in their mean slopes over time. Smoking history, assessed using pack-years of smoking, was associated with reduced Dl CO levels, independent of whether current or ex-smokers. Males and females demonstrated equivalent rates of decline in Dl CO that accelerated with increasing age, and mean Dl CO declines were associated with declines in FEV1 between surveys. Sherrill DL, Enright PL, Kaltenborn WT, Lebowitz MD. Predictors of longitudinal change in diffusing capacity over 8 years.