tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in cardiac lipid metabolism during sepsis: The essential role of very low-density lipoprotein receptors
Authors: L JIA, M TAKAHASHI, H MORIMOTO, S TAKAHASHI, A IZAWA, H ISE, T IWASAKI, H HATTORI, K WU, U IKEDA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objective: Sepsis accompanies myocardial dysfunction and dynamic alterations of cardiac metabolism. We have recently demonstrated that the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDL-R), which is abundantly expressed in the heart, plays a key role in energy metabolism of the fasting heart. However, little is known about the function and regulation of the VLDL-R during sepsis. In the present study, we explored lipid accumulation and VLDL-R expression in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated heart in vivo and regulation of VLDL-R expression in vitro.
Flow-limited tracer oxygen distribution in the isolated perfused rat liver: Effects of temperature and hematocrit
Authors: Ibrahim Kassissia, Colin P. Rose, Carl A. Goresky, Andreas J. Schwab, Glen G. Bach, Suzette Guirguis
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

We used the multiple–indicator dilution technique to examine the kinetics of tracer oxygen distribution and uptake in the rat liver perfused in a nonrecirculating fashion with blood. 51 Cr–labeled 18 O 2 –saturated erythrocytes, labeled albumin, sucrose and water (the tracers for oxygen and vascular, interstitial and cellular references) were injected simultaneously into the portal vein. Timed anerobic samples were collected from the hepatic vein and analyzed by mass spectrometry for relative 18 O 2 enrichment and radioactivity. In a set of experiments performed at 32° C, oxygen uptake was substantially diminished; tracer oxygen profiles approached those expected for a completely recovered, flow–limited substance. At 37° C, much larger tracer oxygen sequestration occurred. Experiments were carried out at each temperature at higher and lower hematocrit, and oxygen consumption at each temperature was found to be independent of hematocrit. The tissue space of distribution for tracer oxygen relative to the total sinusoidal vascular content was influenced by the hematocrit: it was smaller at higher hematocrit and larger at lower hematocrit, as expected. The derived partition coefficient of oxygen for liver cells relative to plasma (expressed in terms of the liver and plasma water spaces) was, on average, 2.62 ml/ml; it was independent of the hematocrit. Analysis of the indicator dilution experiments indicates that the tracer oxygen is distributed into tissue in a flow–limited rather than a barrier–limited fashion, and that with this, an ongoing concomitant intracellular sequestration of tracer can be seen. (Hepatology 1992;16:763-775.)
Outcomes Analysis in Asthma
Authors: Michael S. Blaiss
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Physicians, patients, employers, managed care organizations, insurance companies, and government all want to know how different approaches to management of asthma are improving care. To this end, the field of outcomes analysis in asthma is playing a major role. Clinical, physiologic, humanistic, and economic outcomes are being assessed using different types of general and asthma-specific instruments. Historically, clinical and physiologic outcomes have been of most concern to clinicians. However, humanistic outcomes, such as health-related quality of life and patient satisfaction, shift the focus to the patient. Economic outcomes, especially cost-effectiveness, evaluate how to achieve the best outcomes at the lowest cost. These outcomes have been used to evaluate asthma intervention programs. Several large asthma outcomes research projects, which should define the future of outcomes analysis in asthma, are under way.
The Detection of Hepatic Metastases by Radioisotope Scanning.
Authors: Sheldon Baum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Detection of Hepatic Metastases by Radioisotope Scanning.Sheldon Baum, M.D., F.A.C.P.Sheldon Baum, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1176_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptUsing colloidal 198Au, radioisotope liver scans were performed on 410 patients over a period of 1 year. This report includes only those 116 cases in which a hepatic diagnosis was proven by biopsy, operation, or autopsy. In each case, the liver scan was interpreted prior to the establishment of a pathologic diagnosis.The radioisotope scan was interpreted as showing hepatic metastases in 47 cases. Subsequent pathologic diagnosis showed metastases to the liver to be present in only 42, or 89%, of these patients. Ineverypatient in whom metastases had been present, the scan had been interpreted as showing such... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sheldon Baum, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Jamaica, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5 Page: 1176-1176 Keywords Autopsy Biopsy Liver Radionuclide imaging ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
PRIMARY LUES OF THE BULBAR CONJUNCTIVA
Authors: CHARLES NELSON SPRATT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Statistics show that six or seven out of every hundred cases of chancre are extragenital. Fournier 1 says, I think the proportion of 9 or 10 per cent. would not be too high for extragenital chancres. Although they have been noted on all parts of the body, literally from head to toe, the ophthalmologist rarely meets this condition. Thus Zeissl, in 4,000 cases of syphilis, observed only two chancres on the lids, while Boeck of Christiania had one patient with palpebral chancre in 2,344 cases. In 642 cases of extragenital chancre, Fournier observed only seven on the eyes or lids (location not stated). Bulkley 2 personally observed 113 cases of extragenital chancre, four of which were on the eyelids. He has tabulated 9,058 cases, 372 of which were of the lids or conjunctiva.  In relative frequency, the structures of the eye which may be involved, are, according to Ronvillois 3 : the ciliary margin, skin of the lid, palpebral conjunctiva, culdesac, bulbar conjunctiva (scleral portion, inner angle and
Distribution of left ventricular sympathetic afferents demonstrated by reflex responses to transmural myocardial ischemia and to intracoronary and epicardial bradykinin.
Authors: A J Minisi, M D Thames
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Stimulation of left ventricular (LV) receptors with sympathetic afferents generally results in reflex sympathoexcitatory responses. Stimulation of LV receptors with vagal afferents results in reflex sympathoinhibitory responses. Vagal afferents are known to be preferentially distributed to the inferoposterior (IP) wall of the LV. We tested the hypothesis that there is also a preferential distribution of LV sympathetic afferents. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured reflex responses to stimulation of sympathetic afferents located in the anterior and IP LV: We used myocardial ischemia and chemical stimuli to increase the activity of the sensory endings in 15 chloralose-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs with sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy. Reflex responses were assessed by direct recordings of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). In nine dogs, maximal RSNA changes elicited by transmural anterior myocardial ischemia (22.6 +/- 3.9% increase from baseline nerve traffic) were not significantly different from maximal RSNA changes observed during transmural IP ischemia (27.1 +/- 4.4%). Similar changes in mean arterial and left atrial pressures were noted during transmural anterior and IP ischemia. In eight dogs, maximal changes of RSNA elicited by epicardial or intracoronary bradykinin to the anterior LV were not significantly different from those observed during bradykinin to the IP LV (anterior epicardial bradykinin, 76.7 +/- 11.7%; IP epicardial bradykinin, 72.2 +/- 10.0%; anterior intracoronary bradykinin, 84.6 +/- 21.0%; IP intracoronary bradykinin, 88.8 +/- 17.3%). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that cardiac receptors with sympathetic afferents are distributed equally to the IP and anterior regions of the LV.
Can Current Treatments for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Be Improved?
Authors: Athanassios Argiris, Joan H. Schiller
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Further characterisation of allergens associated with hypersensitivity to the “green nimitti” midge (<i>Cladotanytarsus lewisi</i>, Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: R. D. Tee, P. S. Cranston, A. B. Kay
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Chironomid midges are small (2–15 mm) non‐biting flies, characteristically seen swarming by water at dusk. Allergens of the “green nimitti” midge, Cladotanytarsus lewisi (Freeman) (Diptera: Chironomidae), a cause of widespread hypersensitivity in the Sudan, were isolated and partially characterized by Sephacryl S200 chromatography. The allergenicity of the fractions was identified by “rocket” autoradiography, RAST inhibition, skin “prick” tests, and the immunoblot technique. The fractions were further analysed by isoelectric focusing and SDS‐PAGE. Two major allergens with pI's ranging from 4.3 to 6.0 were identified and had molecular weights of approximately 17,000 and 32,000 daltons, sizes compatible with their being monomeric and dimeric haemoglobins. Since chironomids occur in nuisance numbers worldwide and their haemoglobins have been shown to produce severe hypersensitivity reactions in man, they should be seen as an important potential cause of environmental and occupational allergy.
Endothelin-1 induces hypertrophy with enhanced expression of muscle-specific genes in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
Authors: H Ito, Y Hirata, M Hiroe, M Tsujino, S Adachi, T Takamoto, M Nitta, K Taniguchi, F Marumo
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

To determine whether endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, the effects of ET-1 on the expression of muscle-specific genes and a proto-oncogene, c-fos, in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were examined by Northern blot analysis. ET-1 (10(-7) M) induced about twofold to fourfold increases in the gene expression of myosin light chain 2, alpha-actin, and troponin I after 6 hours, which continued up to 24 hours. The ET-1-induced increases in mRNA levels for these muscle-specific genes were dose dependent (10(-9) to 10(-7) M). Run-on transcriptional assay showed that the changes in mRNA level for three muscle-specific genes were regulated, at least in part, at the transcriptional level. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a potent protein kinase C activator, and the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin also increased mRNA levels of three muscle-specific genes. ET-1, TPA, and ionomycin similarly induced the expression of c-fos after 30 minutes, which returned to an undetectable level after 6 hours. ET-1 remarkably and dose-dependently stimulated accumulation of total inositol phosphates in cardiomyocytes. Morphometrical evaluation showed that ET-1 significantly increased surface area of cardiomyocytes without cell proliferation. ET-1 also dose-dependently stimulated the synthesis of protein and DNA, which was unaffected by the L-type calcium channel blocker nicardipine. These data suggest that ET-1 induces hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes associated with the induction of muscle-specific gene transcripts through the possible involvement of protein kinase C activation or intracellular Ca2+ mobilization.
Ethanol metabolism results in a G2/M cell-cycle arrest in recombinant Hep G2 cells
Authors: Dahn L. Clemens, Lilian E. Calisto, Michael F. Sorrell, Dean J. Tuma
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Previous studies using the Hep G2-based VA cells showed that ethanol metabolism resulted in both cytotoxicity and impaired DNA synthesis, causing reduced accumulation of cells in culture. To further characterize the ethanol oxidation-mediated impairment of DNA synthesis we analyzed the cell-cycle progression of VA cells. These studies showed approximately a 6-fold increase in the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle after 4 days of ethanol exposure. The G2/M transition requires activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdc2. Cdc2 is positively regulated by association with cyclin B1, and negatively regulated by phosphorylation of amino acids Thr14 and Tyr15. Immunoblot analysis revealed that ethanol metabolism had little affect on total Cdc2 content in these cells, but resulted in the accumulation of up to 20 times the amount of cyclin B1, indicating that cyclin B1 was available for formation of Cdc2/cyclin B1 complexes. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that 6 times more Cdc2/cyclin B1 complexes were present in the ethanol-treated cells compared with the controls. Investigation of the phosphorylation state of Cdc2 revealed that ethanol oxidation increased the amount of the phosphorylated inactive form of Cdc2 by approximately 3-fold. Thus, the impairment in cell-cycle progression could not be explained by a lack of cyclin B1, or the ability of Cdc2 and cyclin B1 to associate, but instead resulted, at least in part, from impaired Cdc2 activity. In conclusion, ethanol oxidation by VA cells results in a G2/M cell-cycle arrest, mediated by accumulation of the phosphorylated inactive form of Cdc2.
Shared Accountability, Appropriateness, and Quality of Surgical Care
Authors: John L. Zeller
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How Critical Is the Blood-Brain Barrier to the Development of Neurotherapeutics?
Authors: Carmen Kut, Stuart A. Grossman, Jaishri Blakeley
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), with its charged, lipid-based, continuous basement membrane and specialized transporters, is optimized to exclude potentially threatening compounds from the central nervous system (CNS). In the setting of CNS diseases, the careful construction of the BBB is thought to restrict access of therapeutic agents that may otherwise be effective, contributing to poorer outcomes. However, there is controversy in the neurotherapeutics community about the degree to which this hypothesis is true; some argue that the BBB is not the critical factor because it naturally opens in the setting of brain pathology and that techniques to circumvent the BBB do not improve drug efficacy in many instances.1 Moreover, some drugs do not need direct access to brain tissue in order to have their therapeutic effect. For example, fingolimod and bevacizumab are effective in patients with multiple sclerosis and glioblastoma, respectively, although their primary mechanism of action is systemic. Additionally, in some brain tumors, achieving target drug concentrations in the brain either fails to show efficacy or, in fact, causes toxicity.2 In these instances, the factor impeding success of neurotherapeutics is clearly not the BBB.
686 EXPANSION OF CXCR3 (+) NK CELLS WITH A LOW CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL IN HEPATITIS C MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH INEFFICIENT ANTI-VIRAL IMMUNE RESPONSE AND HCV-ASSOCIATED FIBROSIS
Authors: M. Eisenhardt, A. Glässner, B. Krämer, D. Schulte, C. Körner, T. Sauerbruch, U. Spengler, J. Nattermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Pathogen-imposed skewing of mouse chemokine and cytokine expression at the infected tissue site
Authors: Shoshana D. Katzman, Deborah J. Fowell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Compartmentalization of immunity ensures tight regulation of T cell activation in the LN and precise effector T cell delivery to inflamed sites. Herein we show that the tissue-specific accumulation of effector T cells can be subverted by a pathogen at the infection site. Using the Leishmania major mouse model of dermal infection, we observed a restricted chemokine profile at the infection site, i.e., the expression of Th2 cell–attracting CCL7 but not of Th1 cell–attracting chemokines. Consistent with these chemokine expression data, recruitment of cytokine-producing T cells to the infection site was also selective. Both IL-4– and IFN-γ–producing effector T cells homed to inflamed OVA/CFA-immunized dermis, but only IL-4–producing cells homed to L. major–infected dermis. The narrowing of the cytokine repertoire at the site of infection with L. major was driven, in part, by pathogen-induced CCL7. Inflammatory signals failed to disrupt the early restrictive L. major infection site, which suggests that L. major dominantly modifies the local milieu. We have highlighted an emerging principle in pathogen-host interactions: that the cytokine repertoire at the infection site and the LN draining the infection site can be different because of the ability of the pathogen to modify the chemokine profile at the infection site. Thus, pathogens may edit the LN cytokine repertoire through differential recruitment of cytokine-producing cells.
Increased small dense LDL and intermediate-density lipoprotein with albuminuria in type 1 diabetes.
Authors: S D Sibley, J E Hokanson, M W Steffes, J Q Purnell, S M Marcovina, P A Cleary, J D Brunzell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: This population study examines the relationship between LDL density and persistent albuminuria in subjects with type 1 diabetes at the end of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects were classified as persistently normoalbuminuric (albumin excretion rate [AER] &amp;lt; 30 mg/d, n = 1,056), microalbuminuric (AER &amp;gt; or = 30-299 mg/day, n = 80), and macroalbuminuric (AER = 300 mg/day, n = 24) based on the last two AER measures. RESULTS: Triglyceride (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and LDL cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.01) levels were higher in macroalbuminuric subjects compared with normoalbuminuric subjects. Cholesterol distribution by density-gradient ultracentrifugation showed an increase in intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and a shift in peak LDL from buoyant toward more dense particles with progressive albuminuria. In the entire group, there was a significant negative correlation between the peak buoyancy of LDL particles and albuminuria (r = -0.238, P &amp;lt; 0.001, n = 1,160). This correlation persisted in the normoalbuminuric DCCT group (r = -0.138, P &amp;lt; 0.001, n = 1,056). CONCLUSIONS: As albuminuria increases in subjects with type 1 diabetes, dyslipidemia occurs with an increase in IDL and dense LDL that may lead to increased cardiovascular disease.
ON THE PRESENCE OF SUGAR IN THE CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID FROM CASES OF MENINGITIS
Authors: F. H. Jacob
Journal: BMJ (1912)

WHIIETHER tle reduicinig substance be dextrose, saccliarose, pyrocatechin, or a. mucinoid matters not for the purpose of this slhort paper.There is in nornial cer'cb:o-spinial fluid a clhemical substance wlhich reduces Fellliog's solution, antnd tllis is absent in some cases of meningitis and present in otlhers.There appears in the literatlnre of the subjept considerable confusion as to the cases in which it is present or absent, and considerable uncertainity as, to its value.'
SOME NOTES ON AURAL VERTIGO.
Authors: B. ALEX. RANDALL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Aural vertigoes have attracted a great deal of attention, especially of late years, yet they constitute a very little known field of our work, while their serious inconvenience or their actual disablement of the patients render them of great practical importance. Like the matter of subjective noises in the head the causation is so multiform that each case presents a problem of considerable difficulty and demands close and discriminating study in order to locate and improve the condition. Advance in this direction has undoubtedly been made by those who have laid stress on the tympanic origin of many of these cases, except when they have ignored or belittled the other elements of etiology and have assumed, because cure has been occasionally reached by procedures directed to the tympanum, that no labyrin-thin cases exist. "Menière's disease" as a distinct entity has certainly suffered much eclipse
ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn, without hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Eugene Kaplan, Fritz Herz, Elsie Scheye
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn without hyperbilirubinemia is described in 17 full-term infants. The erythrocyte characteristics, such as reticulocytosis, microspherocytosis, and positive indirect antiglobulin (Coomb's) test, resembled those in ABO disease with hyperbilirubinemia. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced in this group to the same degree as in the more severely affected infants. Negro infants predominated over white, in a 2.5:1 ratio in this mild ABO group.
Path space integrals for modeling experimental measurements of cerebellar functioning
Authors: Endre E. Kadar, Robert E. Shaw, M. T. Turvey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

A propagator for a path space integral can be used to represent the “tidal wave function” and provides a natural way to model a control signal that is temporally segmented by placement of pairs of stimulating and recording electrodes. Although care must be exercised in interpreting the resulting measurement, the technique should prove useful to experimenters who study cerebellar functioning.