tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intensified Blood Glucose Monitoring Improves Glycemic Control in Stable, Insulin-Treated Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Glen H. Murata, Jayendra H. Shah, Richard M. Hoffman, Christopher S. Wendel, Karen D. Adam, Patricia A. Solvas, Syed U. Bokhari, William C. Duckworth
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To examine the effect of intensified self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) testing on glycemic control.Subjects with stable, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes performed SMBG using an electronic blood glucose meter before all meals and at bedtime for 8 weeks. Baseline data were collected on demographics, clinical characteristics, diet, and exercise. HbA(1c) was measured at baseline, at 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks. After the intensified monitoring period, subjects resumed their usual monitoring. HbA(1c) was then measured at 24, 37, and 52 weeks. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine the effect of monitoring on glycemic control.A total of 201 subjects completed the monitoring period. The baseline HbA(1c) (8.10 +/- 1.67%) decreased during the monitoring period by 0.30 +/- 0.68% (P < 0.001) at 4 weeks and by 0.36 +/- 0.88% (P < 0.001) at 8 weeks. Although entry HbA(1c) and compliance independently predicted the week 8 HbA(1c) (r = 0.862, P < 0.001), standardized regression analysis found that compliance with the SMBG protocol influenced the week 8 HbA(1c) more than age, sex, BMI, exercise level, carbohydrate consumption, or treatment intensity at baseline. However, SMBG benefited only subjects whose testing compliance exceeded 75% or with an entry HbA(1c) >8.0%. Decreases in HbA(1c) (-0.31 +/- 1.17%, P = 0.001) persisted in the 159 subjects followed for 52 weeks.Intensified blood glucose monitoring improved glycemic control in a large cohort of stable, insulin-treated veterans with type 2 diabetes. SMBG provided a strong stimulus for improved self-care resulting in clinically important and sustained reductions in HbA(1c).
Radiation: Use and Control in Industrial Application
Authors: Dorothy E. Kremen
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book attempts to explain the use of radiation in industry and medicine. It is aimed at the practicing physician and is written for him in simple and non-technical language. It deals only with radioactive radiation, not with the rest of the radiation spectrum of light, heat, and radio waves. The theoretical background is presented first, in non-mathematical form. The uses of radiation in medicine and industry are then covered. Chapters deal with the effects of various doses of radiation— their symptoms and treatment. Low doses cause little damage; high doses cause nausea, burns and death. Case histories are given for each type. In many instances, no cure can be effected; only supportive treatment is possible. The problem of genetic damage by any radiation exposure is discussed at length. The author concludes that, with the maximum allowable dosages now in effect, the number of mutations caused by uses of radiation
Absence of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in human myocardium
Authors: T. Podzuweit, H. Beck, A. Muller, R. Bader, G. Gorlach, H. H Scheld
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Absence of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in human myocardium Get access Thomas Podzuweit, Thomas Podzuweit Correspondence to: Dr Podzuweit Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hilderose Beck, Hilderose Beck Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Antje Müller, Antje Müller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ralf Bader, Ralf Bader Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gerold Görlach, Gerold Görlach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans H Scheld Hans H Scheld Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 10, October 1991, Pages 820–830, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.10.820 Published: 01 October 1991 Article history Received: 11 July 1990 Accepted: 24 June 1991 Published: 01 October 1991
Was it Henri IV's head?
Authors: G. Fornaciari
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Charlier and colleagues use an international multidisciplinary approach to identify the head of Henri IV.1

However, the evidence for positive identification seems to be meagre, particularly from a medical point of view. Earrings were commonly worn by men in the 16th century. The maxillary bone lesion looks like a cyst, and the nasal …
Nicousamide, a potent inhibitor of phosphorylation by TGF-β receptor II
Authors: Hai-jing Zhang, Jing Jin, Wan-qi Zhou, Yi Zhang, Yan Li, Jian-yi Liu, Sen Zhang, Xiao-guang Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

Renal fibrogenesis is related to the development of diabetic nephropathy. TGF-β receptor II (TGF-β RII) plays a vital role during renal fibrogenesis by phosphorylation and activation of type I receptors and downstream regulators. Nicousamide is a 1.1 class of drug, which can inhibit renal fibrosis in animal models of diabetic nephropathy. After cloning and purification of TGF-β RII, an in vitro substrate phosphorylation assay was set up to investigate the ability of nicousamide to inhibit phosphorylation and formation of cellular downstream proteins. Our results validate nicousamide as a potent inhibitor of phosphorylation of TGF-β RII.
Evidence that phenomenal consciousness is the same as access consciousness
Authors: Bernard J. Baars
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Block seems to propose untested answers to empirical questions. Whether consciousness is a “mongrel problem,” rather than a single core fact with many facets, is an empirical issue. Likewise, the intimate relationship between personal consciousness and global access functions cannot be decided pretheoretically. This point is demonstrated by the reader's private experience of foveal versus parafoveal vision, and for conscious versus unconscious representation of the many meanings of common words.
Platelets in gravitational disease: are they an aetiological factor?
Authors: M.J. Goodfield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

It is now accepted that a fibrin diffusion barrier, secondary to chronically elevated peripheral venous pressure, is important in the pathogenesis of gravitational disease (Burnand et al., 1982). Other factors may be active, however, in determining which patients develop gravitational changes while others with chronic venous disease are spared. Platelet counts were obtained in age‐ and sex‐matched patients with gravitational ulcers, gravitational eczema, endogenous eczema and normal controls. Causes of secondary thrombocytosis were excluded. Platelet counts were higher in patients with gravitational ulcers (n= 50, mean = 429 ± 125) than normal controls (n= 50, mean = 254 ± 54, P < 0.001). They were also higher in patients with gravitational eczema (n= 50, mean = 379 ± 112) than in normal controls (P < 0.001), and than in patients with endogenous eczema (n= 30, mean ‐ 273 ± 60, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between patients with endogenous eczema and normal controls. In the ulcer group, healing (10 cases) produced a small but not significant fall in platelet count. Platelet volume estimation in 20 patients with each diagnosis suggests differences between both ulceration (mean = 9.65 fl) and controls (mean = 9.45 fl, t= 1.4) and gravitational eczema (mean = 9.79 fl) and controls (t= 1.99). These findings suggest that two platelet parameters are elevated in gravitational disease, but not in another inflammatory dermatosis. In view of the effects of platelet aggregation on fibrin production, this may be of importance in the aetiology of this condition, and suggests alternative methods of treatment.
Prospective detection of chikungunya virus in blood donors, Caribbean 2014
Authors: Pierre Gallian, Xavier de Lamballerie, Nicolas Salez, Geraldine Piorkowski, Pascale Richard, Laure Paturel, Rachid Djoudi, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Pierre Tiberghien, Jacques Chiaroni, Remi N. Charrel
Journal: Blood (2014)
Emergency dentistry for the general practitioner. 3. Bleeding tooth sockets and trauma.
Authors: G. R. Seward
Journal: BMJ (1966)

The two previous articles have described the diagnosis and management of dental diseases causing pain.This week dental haemorrhage and trauma are discussed.)The causes of bleeding tooth sockets may be discussed under the following headings:(a) Continued primary haemorrhage. (b) Reactionary haemorrhage.(c) Secondary haemorrhage. Continued Primary HaemorrhageThe commonest reason for prolonged primary haemorrhage is inflammation of the socket from which a tooth has been extracted, or of the wall of an abscess which has been incised.In this context gross periodontal disease is more often the cause than acute apical infection.After extraction of teeth for perio- dontal disease copious bleeding can occur; this sometimes slows but does not cease spontaneously, or a bulky clot may form which is easily disturbed by the tongue, with intermittent bleeding.When an abscess is incised in the sulcus a persistent brisk ooze follows, which continues with no apparent likelihood of spontaneous arrest.Hypertensive patients are prone to pro- longed and vigorous bleeding after oral surgical procedures.Other uncommon causes of continued primary haemorrhage from tooth sockets include coagulation defects, in particular coagulation defects produced by anticoagulant drugs.Thrombocytopenia, as for example in leukaemia, unsuspected scurvy in the aged and those with dietary fads, and certain rare abnormalities of blood-vessels must also on occasions be
Experimental study of afterload-reducing therapy: the effects of the reduction of systemic vascular resistance on cardiac output, aortic pressure and coronary circulation in isolated, ejecting canine hearts.
Authors: S Isoyama, Y Maruyama, Y Koiwa, N Ishide, S Kitaoka, K Tamaki, S Sato, Y Shimizu, E Ino-Oka, T Takishima
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The relationship between cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance (Rp) was examined under the following conditions for coronary perfusion: constant coronary flow perfusion; perfusion with a pressure equal to mean aortic pressure (AoP perfusion); and perfusion with a pressure equal to the mean AoP - 30 mm Hg (AoP - 30 mm Hg perfusion). We also examined the coronary pressure-flow relationship. For these studies, we used paced, isolated, ejecting canine hearts, which were loaded by a hydraulic system that simulated the input impedance of a dog's systemic arterial tree. The CO in the constant coronary flow perfusion continued to increase with the reduction of Rp. The CO in the AoP perfusion became maximal at a slightly subphysiologic Rp, or at an average mean AoP of 65 mm Hg. This mean AoP was closely associated with the lower limit of the autoregulation of coronary blood flow. In the AoP - 30 mm Hg perfusion, the mean AoP at which CO became maximal was 72 mm Hg and the corresponding coronary perfusion pressure appeared to be lower than the lower limit of the perfusion pressure range for coronary flow autoregulation. The Rp value at that point was slightly higher than the physiologic range. We conclude that when coronary perfusion pressure changes with mean AoP, and when left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is fixed, there is a clear optimal Rp at which CO becomes maximal, and this optimal Rp is higher if coronary perfusion pressure is biased from mean AoP to a significant degree.
Metabolism of pantethine in cystinosis.
Authors: C T Wittwer, W A Gahl, J D Butler, M Zatz, J G Thoene
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

D-Pantethine is a conjugate of the vitamin pantothenic acid and the low-molecular-weight aminothiol cysteamine. Pantethine is an experimental hypolipemic agent and has been suggested as a source of cysteamine in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis. We treated four cystinotic children with 70-1,000 mg/kg per d oral D-pantethine and studied its metabolism. Pantethine was rapidly hydrolyzed to pantothenic acid and cysteamine; we could not detect pantethine in plasma after oral administration. The responsible enzyme, "pantetheinase," was highly active in homogenates of small intestinal mucosa and plasma. The Michaelis constant of the rat intestinal enzyme was 4.6 microM and its pH profile showed a broad plateau between 4 and 9. Pantothenate pharmacokinetics after orally administered pantethine followed an open two-compartment model with slow vitamin elimination (t1/2 = 28 h). Peak plasma pantothenate occurred at 2.5 h and levels over 250 microM were seen at 300 times normal. Apparent total body storage of pantothenate was significant (25 mg/kg), and plasma levels were elevated threefold for months after pantethine therapy. Plasma cysteamine concentrations after pantethine were similar to those reported after equivalent doses of cysteamine. However, at best only 80% white blood cell cystine depletion occurred. We conclude that pantethine is probably less effective than cysteamine in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and should only be considered in cases of cysteamine intolerance. Serum cholesterol was decreased an average of 14%, which supports the potential clinical significance of pantethine as a hypolipemic agent. Rapid in vivo hydrolysis of pantethine suggests that pantothenate or cysteamine may be the effectors of its hypolipemic action.
Prostaglandin-oxytocin Enhancement and Potentiation and their Clinical Applications
Authors: A. Gillespie
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The pharmacological phenomena of enhancement and potentiation of uterine response occur respectively when combinations of some prostaglandins and oxytocin are given serially and simultaneously to a patient. Employing these phenomena allows small doses of the drugs to achieve the same effects as a large dose given alone. In a pilot study of the use of the combination of prostaglandin and oxytocin for the induction of mid-trimester abortion seven of nine women were aborted within 48 hours. Side effects attributable to prostaglandin were eliminated or reduced in severity.
Chilaiditi Sign on FDG-PET
Authors: Félix-N Roy, Sylvain Beaulieu, Luc Boucher, Christian Cohade
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 66-year-old woman with a history of endometrial cancer underwent a F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Abnormal uptake was noted in the right lower chest. CT scan showed a loop of colon interposed between the liver and the diaphragm, an entity known as the Chilaiditi sign. This case illustrates the importance to correlate abnormal PET findings with CT images. The Chilaiditi sign should be included in the differential diagnosis of lower chest uptake on an FDG-PET study.
Mutant IDH1-Driven Cellular Transformation Increases RAD51-Mediated Homologous Recombination and Temozolomide Resistance
Authors: Shigeo Ohba, Joydeep Mukherjee, Wendy L. See, Russell O. Pieper
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations occur in most lower grade glioma and not only drive gliomagenesis but are also associated with longer patient survival and improved response to temozolomide. To investigate the possible causative relationship between these events, we introduced wild-type (WT) or mutant IDH1 into immortalized, untransformed human astrocytes, then monitored transformation status and temozolomide response. Temozolomide-sensitive parental cells exhibited DNA damage (γ-H2AX foci) and a prolonged G2 cell-cycle arrest beginning three days after temozolomide (100 μmol/L, 3 hours) exposure and persisting for more than four days. The same cells transformed by expression of mutant IDH1 exhibited a comparable degree of DNA damage and cell-cycle arrest, but both events resolved significantly faster in association with increased, rather than decreased, clonogenic survival. The increases in DNA damage processing, cell-cycle progression, and clonogenicity were unique to cells transformed by mutant IDH1, and were not noted in cells transformed by WT IDH1 or an oncogenic form (V12H) of Ras. Similarly, these effects were not noted following introduction of mutant IDH1 into Ras-transformed cells or established glioma cells. They were, however, associated with increased homologous recombination (HR) and could be reversed by the genetic or pharmacologic suppression of the HR DNA repair protein RAD51. These results show that mutant IDH1 drives a unique set of transformative events that indirectly enhance HR and facilitate repair of temozolomide-induced DNA damage and temozolomide resistance. The results also suggest that inhibitors of HR may be a viable means to enhance temozolomide response in IDH1-mutant glioma.
Colon Cancer Mortality Among Amputees
Authors: W. F. PAGE, J. E. NORMAN, Z. HRUBEC
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Colon Cancer Mortality Among Amputees Get access WILLIAM FRANK PAGE, WILLIAM FRANK PAGE Medical Follow-up Agency National Research Council2101 Constitution Ave., HA372 Washington, D.C. 20418 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES E. NORMAN, JR., JAMES E. NORMAN, JR. Medical Follow-up Agency National Research Council2101 Constitution Ave., HA372 Washington, D.C. 20418 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ZDENEK HRUBEC ZDENEK HRUBEC Division of Cancer Epidemiology National Cancer Institute BethesdaMD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 2, 17 January 1990, Pages 154–155, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.2.154 Published: 17 January 1990
Modulation of renal sodium-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase by aldosterone. Effect of high physiologic levels on enzyme activity in isolated rat and rabbit tubules.
Authors: S K Mujais, M A Chekal, W J Jones, J P Hayslett, A I Katz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The purpose of this study was to determine the nephron site, time course, and mechanism of mineralocorticoid action on renal tubular Na-K-ATPase in rats and rabbits, without dietary manipulation and by using the natural mineralocorticoid aldosterone. Sustained, high physiologic levels of circulating aldosterone mimicking those produced endogenously during potassium loading or sodium deprivation were provided by constant delivery of the hormone in doses of 5 or 50 micrograms/100 g body wt per 24 h, respectively, from osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously. In adrenal-intact rats receiving the 5-microgram dose, aldosterone levels were similar to those seen in animals fed a high K diet and produced a time-dependent increase in Na-K-ATPase activity in the cortical-collecting tubule (CCT) to a level 103% higher than in controls after 7 d (2,007 +/- 178 vs. 989 +/- 72 pmol/mm per h, P less than 0.001); the enzyme activity in the proximal convoluted tubule, medullary thick ascending limb, and the inner stripe of the medullary-collecting tubule did not change significantly. The increment in CCT Na-K-ATPase was larger (142%) in animals receiving for the same period of time the 50-micrograms dose, which produced circulating aldosterone levels similar to those of sodium-deprived rats. A significant stimulation of Na-K-ATPase activity was seen in the CCT of adrenalectomized rats after 24 h of treatment with either dose of the hormone, and at 12 h only in animals receiving the 50 micrograms/100 g per 24 h regimen. To determine whether the enhanced Na-K-ATPase activity produced by aldosterone is due to synthesis of new enzyme units or to alteration in its kinetics, we examined the ouabain-binding capacity and the affinity for Na and K of the enzyme from CCT of rabbits treated with 5 micrograms/100 g body wt per 24 h aldosterone for 3 d. These experiments revealed a parallel increment on Na-K-ATPase activity and specific [3H]ouabain binding in aldosterone-treated rabbits, while the affinity of the enzyme for either sodium or potassium was unaltered. The results of this study indicate that high physiologic levels of aldosterone simulating those measured during K loading or Na deprivation lead to a segment-specific increase in Na-K-ATPase activity in the CCT. This effect was time-and dose-dependent and was due to an increase in the number of active enzyme units. The segmental specificity and time course of the increase in enzyme activity suggest that modulation of Na-K-ATPase by aldosterone plays a role in the chronic adaptation of the CCT to altered availability of sodium and potassium, and therefore in the homeostasis of these cations by the kidney.
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy
Authors: An Na Seo, Haeryoung Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

Drug-induced liver injury presents with extremely diverse histologic patterns, including necroinflammatory, cholestatic, steatotic and vascular patterns. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), also referred to as toxic sinusoidal injury, veno-occlusive disease or blue liver syndrome, is a commonly recognized vascular pattern of drug-induced liver injury,1 and has been frequently associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.2,3,4,5,6

In this issue, we present a case of SOS after 6 cycles of oxaliplatin-based preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal cancer liver metastasis and discuss the morphologic findings of SOS.
Trends in Sunscreen Recommendation Among US Physicians
Authors: Kristie L. Akamine, Cheryl J. Gustafson, Scott A. Davis, Michelle M. Levender, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Sunscreen is an important part of sun protection to prevent skin cancer but may not be recommended as often as guidelines dictate.To evaluate trends in sunscreen recommendation among physicians to determine whether they are following suggested patient-education guidelines regarding sun protection, and to assess data regarding physician sunscreen recommendations to determine the association with patient demographics, physician specialty, and physician diagnosis.The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was queried to identify patient visits to nonfederal outpatient physician offices at US ambulatory care practices (January 1, 1989-December 26, 2010) during which sunscreen was recommended.Frequency of sunscreen recommendation.According to the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, there were an estimated 18.30 billion patient visits nationwide. Physicians mentioned sunscreen at approximately 12.83 million visits (0.07%). Mention of sunscreen was reported by physicians at 0.9% of patient visits associated with a diagnosis of skin disease. Dermatologists recorded the mention of sunscreen the most (86.4% of all visits associated with sunscreen). However, dermatologists reported mentioning sunscreen at only 1.6% of all dermatology visits. Sunscreen was mentioned most frequently to white patients, particularly those in their eighth decade of life, and least frequently to children. Actinic keratosis was the most common diagnosis associated with sunscreen recommendation.Despite encouragement to provide patient education regarding sunscreen use and sun-protective behaviors, the rate at which physicians are mentioning sunscreen at patient visits is quite low, even for patients with a history of skin cancer. The high incidence and morbidity of skin cancer can be greatly reduced with the implementation of sun-protective behaviors, which patients should be counseled about at outpatient visits.
Discriminating Between Cardiac and Pulmonary Dysfunction in the General Population With Dyspnea by Plasma Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Rasmus Mogelvang, Jens P. Goetze, Peter Schnohr, Peter Lange, Peter Sogaard, Jens F. Rehfeld, Jan S. Jensen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)