tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dangerous oronasal obstruction in weak senile patients.
Authors: A. M. Berkhout, H. J. Cools
Journal: BMJ (1988)

As the table shows, parkinsonism can be induced even by daily doses of cinnarizine of less than 150 mg.Patients with tremor tended to be younger (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0O0043), however, and seemed to have taken lower cumulative doses than those with parkinsonism (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0O0417).Patients with flunarizine induced parkinsonism (median age 63) were younger than those affected by cinnarizine (median age 78) (Mann-Whitney U test, p=00059), and these differences were apparently not related to different indications for the use of each drug.Cinnarizine and flunarizine are piperazine deriva- tives structurally related to some phenothiazines, and this may explain their extrapyramidal effects.Their calcium channel blocking activity may also contribute to this effect.We have started a case-control study with the aim of quantifying the risk of extrapyramidal disorders associated with these drugs.
Third Vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE WAY has been opened to license a third vaccine against<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>for use in 2-month-old infants. Pasteur Merieux, Swiftwater, Pa, the manufacturer of the third vaccine, was in the midst of two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies a year ago when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed a vaccine against<i>H influenzae</i>to Lederle-Praxis Biologics, Wayne, NJ. A second license was issued to Merck &amp; Co Inc, West Point, Pa, for a similar vaccine 2 months later (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1375). With vaccines on the market that are effective in 2-month-old infants, the Merieux study could not ethically be continued. The trial was stopped. To deal with this situation, the FDA asked an advisory committee to decide on surrogate methods that could be used to measure efficacy in lieu of placebo-controlled studies. The committee now says that it has no objection to measuring serum antibody response to see if that is
A Case–Control Study of Screening Sigmoidoscopy and Mortality from Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Joe V. Selby, Gary D. Friedman, Charles P. Quesenberry, Noel S. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The efficacy of sigmoidoscopic screening in reducing mortality from colorectal cancer remains uncertain. A randomized trial would be ideal for clarifying this issue but is very difficult to conduct. Case–control studies provide an alternative method of estimating the efficacy of screening sigmoidoscopy.
CONCENTRATION OF THE PROTECTIVE BODIES IN ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM BY MEANS OF SPECIFIC PRECIPITATION
Authors: Frederick P. Gay, Henry T. Chickering
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

The addition of a water-clear extract of pneumococci to homologous antiserum produces a voluminous precipitate which carries down with it the agglutinins and practically the totality of the protective bodies against pneumococcus infection in animals. This precipitate when washed and resuspended in saline solution to the original volume of serum protects as well as the whole serum. The protein content of such solutions has varied from 0.09 to 0.34 per cent., as contrasted with about 6 per cent. in the original serum. The solution of this precipitate is not necessary to insure protection, and when produced by dilute alkali (sodium hydrate) frequently destroys the immune bodies.
Antibody Response Following Customary Use of MMR Vaccine-Reply
Authors: Philip A. Brunell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The "bottom line" in the evaluation of a vaccine is how it influences the disease it is intended to prevent; antibody determinations merely provide a rough guide as to what one might expect in this regard. The bottom line for rubella as well as measles and mumps vaccines looks very good. Indeed, we now talk of the "elimination" of measles and rubella. Serological assays for measuring response to immunization can be made more sensitive and, consequentlyly, increase the apparent effectiveness of the vaccine or vice versa. In our article, we tried to provide an "epidemiologic standardization" of the assays by adjusting their specificity and sensitivity using populations of known immune or susceptible persons. To suggest, however, that this could be used in lieu of the performance of the vaccine in preventing disease would be naive. The difference between our serological results and those of Dr Balfour was not
Do Bicycle Helmets Protect, and Should They Be Mandatory?
Authors: Daniel Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the articles on bicycle helmets and head injuries by Ms Thompson and colleagues,1,2 the authors state: "Our study design requires that both case and control groups have equal probability of striking their heads; that is, all cyclists must have experienced a crash." However, doesn't the probability of striking the head depend on crash circumstances? For example, while the authors believe it unlikely that there could be a 4-fold difference in risk-taking behavior between bicyclists, there could be at least a 4-fold difference in risk of head injury between riding slowly on a side street with little traffic vs, for example, riding at high speed in heavy traffic. General risk-taking behavior would also be important to consider. Furthermore, since cases were involved in more serious crashes than controls, the study does not have a comparable control group. To correct for this, the authors state they adjusted for "motor vehicle involvement."
A Bruit Due to Renal-Artery Stenosis
Authors: Paul F. Gilliland, John J. Deller, Robert Hall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE recent literature has called attention to the increasing number of cases of hypertension due to unilateral renal-artery disease. A wide array of vascular abnormalities have been described, and various special diagnostic procedures have been emphasized. The role of the stethoscope in the diagnosis of unilateral renal-artery disease, however, has seldom been mentioned. Auscultation over the lower thoracic and the lumbar paravertebral region and upper abdominal quadrants may afford the physician an early clue to the etiology of a patient's hypertension. We have had the opportunity to study a young hypertensive patient who had a bruit over the flank and . . .
Megestrol Acetate and Hyperpnea
Authors: W. Jeffrey Fessel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 June 1989Megestrol Acetate and HyperpneaW. Jeffrey Fessel, MDW. Jeffrey Fessel, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-12-1034_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: After reading the interesting article by Von Roenn and colleagues ( 1 ), I wish to alert physicians who use high doses of megestrol acetate of an unexpected and potentially perplexing side effect—hyperpnea.Patient 1 is a 46-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had lost approximately 25 pounds. He also had a recurrence of Pneumocystis pneumonia and was receiving intravenous pentamidine, 3 mg/kg body weight, administered at home by visiting nurses. On day 3 of megestrol, 80 mg three times daily, which was day 14 of pentamidine treatment, the patient was gasping for breath and...Reference1. Von RoennMurphyWeberWilliamsWeitzman JRKLS. Megestrol acetate for treatment of cachexia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:840-1. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. Jeffrey Fessel, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySteroids and ProgestinsSex hormones and related compounds including hormonal contraceptives 15 June 1989Volume 110, Issue 12Page: 1034-1035KeywordsAIDSBody weightPatientsPneumocystisPneumonia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 June 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Functional Disability in the Hospitalized Elderly
Authors: Gregg A. Warshaw
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Little documentation exists concerning the extent of functional disability in the hospitalized elderly and the impact of this disability on the care of these patients. A physician-led survey was conducted in a 400-bed community hospital of 279 patients aged 70 or more years. Considerable age-correlated disability was documented. Fifty-four percent of the patients aged 85 years or older were moderately or severely disoriented. Thirty-four percent had impaired hearing, 40% had impaired vision, and 25% had speech impairments. More than half of the patients 75 years or older needed assistance with activities of daily living. Modern hospital design and services may interfere with functional recovery. Evaluation of special care units to minimize the hazards of hospitalizing the elderly is recommended.
The Patient Who Falls
Authors: Ruth Katz, Priti Shah
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4140: Inhibition of mTOR signaling by psoralidin in breast cancer
Authors: Chendil Damodaran, Raj Kumar, Jurgen Rohr
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy in women and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major effector of the PI3Kinase/Akt pro-survival signaling pathway and has received significant attention as a therapeutic target for the treatment of various malignancies. Rapamycin and its analogs are specific mTOR antagonists; however their toxicity hampers wide use in the clinical setting for the treatment of breast cancer. This compels development of new strategies for the treatment of advanced, triple and double negative breast cancers. Psoralidin is one of the major active ingredients in Psoralea corylifolia, herbal plant that is extensively used in Asian and African traditional medicines. In our study we tested the effects of psoralidin on the mTOR pathway in estrogen-responsive (MCF-7) and -refractory (MDA 231) breast cancer cells. Our results suggest that psoralidin inhibits phoshporlyation of mTOR resulting in the inhibition of the phosphorylation of mTOR effectors (p70S6K and 4EBP1) in both MCF-7 and MDA 231 cells. Interestingly, there was no significant down regulation of pAkt expression in either cell lines following treatment with psoralidin. While dissecting the effect of psoralidin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we found that psoralidin inhibits expression of β-catenin with a concomitant increase in the expression of E-cadherin in both estrogen-responsive and -refractory breast cancers cells. In addition, treatment with psoralidin effectively inhibits the growth of both estrogen-responsive (MCF-7) and -refractory (MDA 231) breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis without causing significant toxicity to normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Currently we are pursuing studies using xenograft models to determine the effect of psoralidin in estrogen-responsive and -refractory breast cancers animal models. The outcome of this study may provide a mechanistic validation of psoralidin as a potent compound that may be used for the treatment of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4140.
FDA opens office in China to regulate safety of exported drugs
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The US regulatory agency the Food and Drug Administration has opened its first branches abroad—in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai—to improve the safety of products imported from China into the United States.

The new branches are part of a strategy, called “beyond our borders,” to improve the safeguards applied to food and drugs that are imported into the United States, acknowledging the increasingly global market. Further branches of the FDA are planned in India, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Michael Leavitt, secretary of the US Department …
Exercise, health, and medicine.
Authors: J E Cotes, J W Reed
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Summary</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented challenges in health care, threatening access and delivery of medical services across all sectors. Patients with breast cancer desiring breast reconstruction require timely interdisciplinary care; resource limitations threaten access to this elective reconstructive element of cancer care. An expert panel was convened to identify challenges, recommend preliminary solutions, and identify important future directions in anticipation of prolonged restrictions. This paper presents consensus recommendations for care of breast cancer reconstruction patients during the pandemic based on expert opinion from the BC Breast Reconstruction Network.
Letter: Changing from a high- to low-dose oral contraceptive.
Authors: M Briggs
Journal: BMJ (1975)

575 thromboembolic complications: six patients died of pulmonary embolism, seven had deep vein thrombosis as a presenting symptom, and three had evidence of amyloidosis.We report here a case of multiple myeloma presenting as venous gangrene of feet.A 71-year-old woman presented with bilateral
STUDIES ON AMINO ACID EXCRETION IN MAN. V. CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND REGIONAL ENTERITIS 1
Authors: Joseph B. Kirsner, A. Leonard Sheffner, Walter L. Palmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

The depletion of body protein complicating chronic ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis (1) may be attributed to a combination of factors.These include the insufficient intake of food, the increased catabolism of protein during fever and possibly the loss of nitrogen in the tissue fluids, blood and purulent exudate from the diseased bowel; decreased synthesis of protein resulting from concomitant impairment of hepatic function may be a contributory factor.Direct studies of this problem have been made only occasionally.Welch, Adams and Wakefield (2) noted increased fecal outputs of nitrogen and negative nitrogen bal- ances in three patients with ulcerative colitis.Sappington and Bockus (3) obtained evidence of previous protein depletion in five patients with the disease.The large outputs of nitrogen in the ileostomy drainage in four of seven patients with ulcerative colitis (4), the decreased absorption of a protein hydrolysate from closed loops of jejunum
Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
Authors: J. STAMLER, R. PICK, L. N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

The effects of supplementary oils--saturated and unsaturated--were examined in groups of cholesterol-fed cockerels. Unsaturated oils failed to suppress hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis. When various oils and fats high in oleic acid were added to the mash, slight lowering of serum cholesterol occurred. Oleic acid per se given to a group was accompanied by a diminution in atherosclerosis.
Chronic coronary artery disease: drugs, angioplasty, or surgery?
Authors: C. S Rihal, S. Yusuf
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The cardiovascular community has been studying the effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for about 15 years and coronary artery bypass graft surgery for about 25; yet important questions remain about the relative roles of these two revascularisation procedures in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. A recent meta-analysis comparing angioplasty with bypass surgery1 is most appropriately interpreted in the context of previous trials comparing angioplasty or bypass surgery with medical treatment.

An overview of randomised trials published in 1994 included data on about 2500 patients; it found that bypass surgery resulted in a highly significant overall reduction in mortality compared to initial medical treatment in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.2 This difference in mortality was clearly evident only after four to five years of follow up and was confined to patients at high and moderate risk of death (those with five year mortality during medical treatment ranging from 25% to about 12%, in whom the risk reduction with bypass surgery was 50% and about 37%, respectively.) Patients at low risk of death (those with five year mortality rates of about 5%) were not likely to live longer after bypass surgery.

Two trials have compared medical treatment with angioplasty in patients with single vessel disease.3 4 Neither trial was large enough to detect a significant difference in the major clinical outcomes of death or myocardial infarction. The ACME trial, which included patients with angina and exercise induced ischaemia, …
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: RESULTS FROM A MULTICENTER REGISTRY
Authors: Kelvin Chua, Gagan Singh, Jonathan Yap, Ehrin Armstrong, Krishan Soni, Stephen W. Waldo, Gregory Barsness, Ehtisham Mahmud, David Muller, Paul Jamie McCabe, Kendrick Shunk, Jason Rogers, Reginald Low, Aaron Wong, Khung Keong Yeo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
P188 An evaluation of a novel semi-quantitative saliva test for cotinine and other nicotinic metabolites
Authors: G. F. Cope, G. V. O'Donovan, B. Savage, H. J. Milburn
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> This study aimed at identifying the role of angiopoietin 1 (angpt1) in brain development, the mode of action of angpt1, and the main targets in the zebrafish brain. We investigated embryonic brain angiogenesis and neural development in the <i>angpt1</i><sup><i>sa14264</i></sup>, <i>itgb1b</i><sup><i>mi371</i></sup>, <i>tek</i><sup><i>hu1667</i></sup> mutant fish, and the effects of transgenic overexpression of <i>angpt1</i> in the larval brain. Lack of <i>angpt1</i> was associated with downregulation of <i>tek</i> and upregulation of <i>itgb1b</i>. We found deficiencies in the patterning of proliferation, the vascular network and reticulospinal neurons in the hindbrain, and selective deficiencies in specific neurotransmitter systems. In the <i>angpt1</i><sup><i>sa14264</i></sup> and <i>itgb1b</i><sup><i>mi371</i></sup> larval brains, using microangiography, retrograde labeling, and immunostaining, we demonstrated that the targeted destruction of <i>angpt1</i><sup><i>sa14264</i></sup> and <i>itgb1b</i><sup><i>mi371</i></sup> mutant fish caused severe irregular cerebrovascular development, aberrant hindbrain patterning, downregulation of neural proliferation, expansion of the radial glial progenitors, deficiencies of dopaminergic, histaminergic, and GABAergic populations in the larval brain. In contrast, the <i>tek</i><sup><i>hu1667</i></sup> mutants regularly grew with no such apparent phenotypes. Neurally overexpressed <i>angpt1</i> promoted opposite effects by increasing the vascular branching, increasing cell proliferation, and neuronal progenitors. Notably, zebrafish <i>angpt1</i> showed neurogenic activity independent of its typical receptor <i>tek</i>, indicating the novel role of a dual regulation by <i>angpt1</i> in embryonic neurogenesis and angiogenesis in zebrafish. The results show that angpt1 and its interaction with itgb1b are crucial in zebrafish brain neuronal and vascular development and suggest that angpt1 through itgb1b can act as a neurogenic factor in the neural proliferation fate in the developing brain.
HEMIPLEGIA OCCURRING DURING THE THTRD WEEK OF TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: THEODORE DILLER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In the<i>Medical Record</i>, Dec. 19, 1903, I reported a case of sudden hemiplegia with aphasia occurring during the fourth week of an attack of typhoid fever in a boy aged five years, and I also referred to several other reported cases. Inasmuch as this complication of typhoid fever seems to be a rare one. I have though it worth while to briefly record the clinical notes of a second case which has since come under my observation. <h3>Patient.</h3> —A married man, aged 38, a bricklayer, habits good, previous history not significant. <h3>History.</h3> —The patient was in the fourth week of a simple uncomplicated attack of typhoid fever, when on Aug. 9, 1904, he developed the hemiplegia to be described. His physician saw him at 5 p. m. on the date mentioned, and noted nothing unusual. He saw the patient again at 9 p. m.
Proliferation-dependent changes in release of arachidonic acid from endothelial cells.
Authors: R E Whatley, K Satoh, G A Zimmerman, T M McIntyre, S M Prescott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Stimulation of endothelial cells resulted in release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids. The magnitude of this response decreased as the cells became confluent and the change coincided with a decrease in the percentage of cells in growth phases (G2+M); this was not a consequence of time in culture or a factor in the growth medium. Preconfluent cells released approximately 30% of arachidonic acid; confluent cells released only 6%. The decreasing release of arachidonic acid was demonstrated using metabolic labeling, mass measurements of arachidonic acid, and measurement of PGI2. The decrease was not due to a changing pool of arachidonic acid, and mass measurements showed no depletion of arachidonic acid. Release from each phospholipid and from each phospholipid class decreased with confluence. Conversion of confluent cells to the proliferative phenotype by mechanical wounding of the monolayer caused increased release of arachidonic acid. Potential mechanisms for these changes were investigated using assays of phospholipase activity. Phospholipase A2 activity changed in concert with the alteration in release, a consequence of changes in phosphorylation of the enzyme. The increased release of arachidonic acid from preconfluent, actively dividing cells may have important physiologic implications and may help elucidate mechanisms regulating release of arachidonic acid.