tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving Accountability for the Public Investment in Health Profession Education
Authors: David C. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acitretin and etretinate in the treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis: a double-blind comparative trial
Authors: A. LASSUS, J.-M. GEIGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Sixty patients with palmoplantar pustulosis were treated in a double-blind trial with either acitretin (etretin, Ro 10-1670) or with etretinate. The study consisted of 4 weeks of therapy with three 10 mg capsules/day followed by 8 weeks of therapy with a varying number of capsules given daily according to therapeutic response. At the end of the 12-week treatment period, the mean number of pustules (+/- SEM) had decreased from 57.8 (+/- 8.6) to 3.9 (+/- 1.6) in the acitretin group and from 57.1 (+/- 14.1) to 5.7 (+/- 2.7) in the etretinate group. With regard to influence on erythema, infiltration, scaling, and area involved, similar improvements were obtained in both treatment groups. Adverse reactions of the hypervitaminosis A type were observed with almost the same frequency and severity in both treatment groups. The mean number of 10 mg capsules used daily was comparable in the two groups: 2.82 (range 1.23-4.67) for acitretin and 2.77 (range 1.60-4.82) for etretinate. It can be concluded that acitretin and etretinate do not significantly differ with regard to efficacy and overall safety in the treatment of patients with palmoplantar pustulosis.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Mucolytic Action of Urea
Authors: Jack Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Urea has a mucolytic action on purulent or mucoid sputum when added in extremely large amounts (more than 0.2 gm urea per milliliter of sputum). No practical means for utilizing this action for aerosol therapy in lung disorders is foreseen since effective amounts of urea cannot be delivered into the lungs by any currently available method. The action of urea was shown to be irreversible and to be accompanied by the release of acid-soluble tyrosine in the sputum. Urea crystals may be useful for liquefying pus in decubitus ulcers or other sites of infection, or for liquefying sputum in preparation for bacteriologic studies.
In vitro susceptibility to rhinovirus infection is greater for bronchial than for nasal airway epithelial cells in human subjects
Authors: Nilceia Lopez-Souza, Silvio Favoreto, Hofer Wong, Theresa Ward, Shigeo Yagi, David Schnurr, Walter E. Finkbeiner, Gregory M. Dolganov, Jonathan H. Widdicombe, Homer A. Boushey, Pedro C. Avila
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Working party's reply
Authors: G P Summerfield, J G Smith, P Baddeley, R Barnes, J Lortan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—As M R Workman and colleagues state, the high susceptibility to salmonella infection among patients with sickle cell disease remains unexplained. Because there is no evidence to link this with hyposplenism the guidelines do not refer to the problem.

Our guidelines are part of the drive to increase the education of health professionals, and A A Palejwala and colleagues' study indicates that this need is greatest in general practice. Palejwala and colleagues and Helen Howie and Ann F Bisset point out the advantages of computerised data systems. We are aware of several regional registers and acknowledge the usefulness …
Regulator of G protein signaling 2 mediates cardiac compensation to pressure overload and antihypertrophic effects of PDE5 inhibition in mice
Authors: Eiki Takimoto, Norimichi Koitabashi, Steven Hsu, Elizabeth A. Ketner, Manling Zhang, Takahiro Nagayama, Djahida Bedja, Kathleen L. Gabrielson, Robert Blanton, David P. Siderovski, Michael E. Mendelsohn, David A. Kass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The heart initially compensates for hypertension-mediated pressure overload by enhancing its contractile force and developing hypertrophy without dilation. Gq protein–coupled receptor pathways become activated and can depress function, leading to cardiac failure. Initial adaptation mechanisms to reduce cardiac damage during such stimulation remain largely unknown. Here we have shown that this initial adaptation requires regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2). Mice lacking RGS2 had a normal basal cardiac phenotype, yet responded rapidly to pressure overload, with increased myocardial Gq signaling, marked cardiac hypertrophy and failure, and early mortality. Swimming exercise, which is not accompanied by Gq activation, induced a normal cardiac response, while Rgs2 deletion in Gαq-overexpressing hearts exacerbated hypertrophy and dilation. In vascular smooth muscle, RGS2 is activated by cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), suppressing Gq-stimulated vascular contraction. In normal mice, but not Rgs2–/– mice, PKG activation by the chronic inhibition of cGMP-selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) suppressed maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, inhibiting Gq-coupled stimuli. Importantly, PKG was similarly activated by PDE5 inhibition in myocardium from both genotypes, but PKG plasma membrane translocation was more transient in Rgs2–/– myocytes than in controls and was unaffected by PDE5 inhibition. Thus, RGS2 is required for early myocardial compensation to pressure overload and mediates the initial antihypertrophic and cardioprotective effects of PDE5 inhibitors.
Pubertal Growth in ID DM Is Determined by HbA1c Levels, Sex, and Bone Age
Authors: Marion L Ahmed, Matthew H Connors, Nick M Drayer, Jennifer S Jones, David B Dunger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE In cross-sectional studies of subjects with IDDM, the relationship between suboptimal pubertal growth, glycemic control, and abnormal insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) levels has proved difficult to define. The objective of this study was to examine these relationships in a longitudinal prospective study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 46 children (23 boys) were measured every 3 months, and their bone age was assessed annually. Blood samples were obtained for HbA1c, 1GF-I, and C-peptide. Growth data were compared with national standards, and 1GFI data were compared with a parallel longitudinal study of normal schoolchildren. Data were analyzed as SD scores (mean ± SD). RESULTS The onset of puberty was not delayed, although in the girls, bone age was advanced (bone age, 11.48 ± 1.01 years vs. chronological age, 10.93 ± 0.86 years “mean ± SD”; P = 0.04). The timing of peak height velocity (PHV) was normal in both sexes, but the magnitude was reduced in girls (PHV SDS = −0.56 ± 0.90, P &amp;lt; 0.02), and reductions in height SDS between diagnosis and final height were observed (P = 0.014). At PHV, 1GF-1 levels were reduced in both sexes, and there were no sex differences in HbA1c levels and insulin doses. 1GF- 1 SDS correlated with insulin dose (r = 0.47, P = 0.004) but not with PHV SDS, whereas HbA1c correlated negatively with PHV SDS in both sexes (r = −0.35, P = 0.03). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, the major determinants of PHV SDS were HbA1c (P = 0.04), sex (P = 0.0007), and bone age (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the magnitude of the pubertal growth spurt is related to HbAlc levels in both sexes, but it is reduced only in girls. This sexual dimorphism cannot be explained by differences in 1GF-I levels and may relate to the bone age advance at the onset of puberty in the girls.
Alteration of Fibroblast Architecture and Loss of Basal Lamina Apertures in Human Emphysematous Lung
Authors: Faye E. Sirianni, Alireza Milaninezhad, Fanny S. F. Chu, David C. Walker
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: In normal human lung, single alveolar fibroblasts link capillary endothelium to type 2 pneumocytes through apertures in the endothelial and epithelial basal laminae. These fibroblasts are hypothesized to play a role in cellular communication between the endothelium and epithelium and are positioned to provide leukocytes a surface on which they may migrate through the interstitium.Objectives: To determine whether fibroblasts link the endothelium to the epithelium in emphysematous lung and to compare basal lamina aperture frequency with previously published results.Methods: We performed transmission electron microscopy serial section three-dimensional reconstructions of emphysematous regions of human alveolar wall and a quantitative analysis of basal lamina apertures beneath 403 type 2 pneumocytes.Measurements and Main Results: Our three-dimensional reconstruction demonstrated that the fibroblasts subtending type 2 pneumocytes in emphysematous lung no longer link these epithelial cells to the capillary endothelium through basal lamina apertures. Basal lamina apertures may be absent below some type 2 pneumocytes. Our morphometric analysis showed that their frequency and area beneath type 2 pneumocytes is significantly reduced in emphysematous regions when compared with nonemphysematous regions of matched control lung.Conclusions: We conclude that the endothelial/fibroblast/epithelial linkage is disrupted in emphysematous human lungs and postulate this disruption may disturb leukocyte migration and account for their accumulation in the alveolar interstitium of emphysematous lung tissue.
ISTCs are not on the radar
Authors: G. L. Greenslade
Journal: BMJ (2010)

With other doctors, I have been developing services that deliver day case surgery (24-48 hours in hospital) for patients requiring major bowel surgery. These developments have been stimulated by our interest in providing optimum care for patients—in short, what we would want ourselves or for our families.

Listening to friends who are managers of primary care trusts, I conclude that …
Phase III randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of melapuldencil-t: autologous dendritic cells loaded with irradiated autologous tumor cells (dc-tc) in gm-csf in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Robert Dillman, Andrew Cornforth, Michael Bayer, Dynesha Carbonell, Gabriel Nistor
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Genomic analyses have shown that melanoma patients have hundreds to thousands of non-synonymous mutations including unique tumor associated antigens (TAA) that can be recognized by their immune systems. The efficacy of anti-checkpoint monoclonal antibodies provides further proof
Biological Weapons Control
Authors: Robert P. Kadlec
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC), which prohibits the acquisition of biological materials for hostile purposes and armed conflict, entered into force in 1975 and now has the participation of 140 nations (158 nations have signed the BWC, but only 140 of these have also ratified it). However, there is no monitoring mechanism associated with the BWC. Diplomatic efforts are now under way to create a supplemental, legally binding protocol to strengthen the convention. Measures to strengthen the BWC are analogous to the diagnostic processes familiar to physicians; the problem facing negotiators is to identify procedures with high positive and negative predictive value. Few proposed measures meet these criteria. However, the investigation of unusual disease outbreaks and allegations of use are highly diagnostic of illicit activities while avoiding false-positive accusations. At the same time, such information generated by the BWC can contribute to worldwide efforts to improve public health, control emergent disease, and establish an international norm against biological weapons proliferation.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Common Myofascial Syndromes
Authors: Burnell R. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PHYSICIANS commonly are faced with cervical and lumbar pain problems from antecedent trauma, muscular tension, or postural abnormalities. The common denominator of these conditions is skeletal muscle and ligamentous strain. Pain originating from lesions in these structures, regardless of anatomic localization, has been termed "primary myofascial syndrome." Paramount to the diagnosis of myofascial syndrome is the absence of demonstrable neurologic or orthopedic deficits. In fact, this constellation of pain problems frequently mimics conditions such as herniated cervical and lumbar disks, facet syndromes, fractured transverse processes, thoracic outflow syndrome, and spondylolisthesis. Obviously, therapy for these latter diagnoses is different from that for primary myofascial syndrome, and attention should be given to ruling out such surgically correctable lesions by evaluation of past history, adequate physical examination, and appropriate laboratory and roentgenographic studies. More than 500 cases of primary myofascial syndrome have been diagnosed and treated in the past six years at the
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia—Report of a new <i>c‐mpl</i> gene missense mutation
Authors: J.L. Passos‐Coelho, M. Sebastião, P. Gameiro, A. Reichert, L. Vieira, I. Ferreira, N. Miranda, A. Guimarães, F. Leal‐da‐Costa, M.M. Abecasis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract A 44‐month old girl with congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, already with pancytopenia, underwent an unrelated allogeneic cord blood transplantation with recovery of normal blood cell counts. The patient was a compound heterozygote for two c‐mpl missense mutations inherited from both parents, one of them, a G578A exon 4 mutation leading to a cysteine to tyrosine replacement of codon 193, previously unreported. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imperial Tobacco fails to block ban on cigarette displays in Scotland
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

One of the world’s biggest tobacco firms has lost its second legal challenge against legislation in Scotland designed to prevent young people from starting to smoke.

Imperial Tobacco has sought to overturn a ban on the open display of cigarettes in shops and their sale in vending machines. It argued that the Scottish parliament does not have the power to make such a change, as regulations on the sale of goods in Scotland are matters for Westminster.

That argument was rejected …
Firearm Violence and Public Health
Authors: Robert D. McKay
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent Commentary, Dr Adler and colleagues<sup>1</sup>attributed high rates of firearm violence to the large numbers of handguns, rifles, and assault weapons available to the population. While the authors reference Kellermann et al<sup>2</sup>as showing that firearms are more likely to kill or injure a member of the firearm owner's household than they are to successfully protect that household, they fail to consider that the firearm owners who became victims may have recognized a higher risk of their becoming a victim and, therefore, went armed. This latter interpretation of the data was conceded in the article by Kellermann et al. If the availability of firearms causes violence, then why are the rates of firearm violence and crime so low in Israel, New Zealand, and Switzerland? After all, these countries have rates of firearms per household similar to that of the United States. In
Eddy Formation and Turbulence in Flowing Liquids
Authors: J. E. MEISNER, ROBERT F. RUSHMER
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The birefringent properties of a colloidal solution of white Hector bentonite were used as a means of studying the development of flow patterns in transparent models. The liquid had approximately the same viscosity as blood; flow rates were within the physiological range; and some of the flow channels were shaped to resemble portions of the cardiovascular system. The light patterns produced by laminar flow were distinct from those of eddy formation and turbulence. Turbulent flow developed downstream from a constriction, where the velocities of the entering jet were much below the so-called critical Reynolds number. The same flow pattern was observed in a model of aortic stenosis. Also displayed was the flow pattern as it might develop in vivo during midsystole when the semilunar valves are widely opened. Eddies originating from the edges of the valves, the flow around the aortic arch and the effects of the openings of the branches all contributed to a complex turbulent pattern. Eddy formation and turbulence can be produced at low velocities when unsteady flow and sudden changes in diameter occur. This technique is useful in the study of changes in flow pattern under different physiological or pathological conditions. Observations from these models indicate that a more detailed analysis of flow conditions is both possible and worthwhile.
Predictors for falls among hospital inpatients with impaired mobility
Authors: M. Vassallo, R. Vignaraja, J. C Sharma, R. Briggs, S. C Allen
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Gait and balance disturbances have been shown to predispose to falls in hospital. We aimed to investigate the patient characteristics associated with an unsafe gait and to determine what features predispose to falling in this group of hospital inpatients. In a prospective open observational study we studied 825 patients admitted for rehabilitation following acute medical illness or a surgical procedure. The patient's gait was assessed with the 'get up and go' test and classified into one of four categories—normal; abnormal but safe with or without mobility aids; unsafe; or unable. 72.6% of patients were assessed as having an unsafe gait. The factors independently associated with an unsafe gait were confusion, abnormal lower limbs, hearing defects and the use of tranquillizers. Patients with an unsafe gait who fell were more likely than the non-fallers within the group to have had falls in the past (85.3% versus 73.8%) and to be confused (66.2% versus 34.1%). Patients with both these characteristics had a 37.5% chance of falling compared with 15.4% in patients with one and 11.2% in patients with none of these characteristics. The presence of confusion and a history of falls identifies those patients who are at greatest risk of falls. Such patients might be the focus of special efforts at falls prevention.
Prevention of Chronic Neonatal Hepatitis B Virus Infection with Antibody to the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
Authors: Peter F. Kohler, Reuben S. Dubois, Deborah A. Merrill, Watson A. Bowes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The efficacy of specific-antibody treatment in preventing hepatitis B virus infection in infants born to mothers positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen was evaluated. Four babies were treated one to six days after delivery with antibody to the antigen and remained antigen negative for five to 14 months. In six of seven similar but untreated babies, chronic antigenemia developed within five to 12 weeks of birth and persisted in all up to the age of 36 months. Two of seven umbilical-cord serums were positive, by radioimmunoassay only, but this finding does not establish in utero infection. The current prevalence of the surface antigen in mothers at term is 0.83 per cent at three Denver hospitals. Treatment with specific antibody appears to be effective, as compared to no treatment, in preventing neonatal hepatitis B virus infection. (N Engl J Med 291: 1378–1380, 1974)
American Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Pediatric Care
Authors: Dennis Rosen
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
31 uses for a white coat
Authors: Nawar Al-Shabibi
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government is trying to ban doctors in the United Kingdom from wearing white coats in hospitals,1 the only country in the world where this has happened. Although there is no logic or evidence to support this policy,2 no doubt there will be many thousands of white coats lying idle in hospital laundries. Rather than throwing them away, we tried to think of how they could be recycled. …
PREDICTION OF SIDE BRANCH COMPLICATION AFTER SINGLE STENT CROSSOVER TECHNIQUE WITH MULTIPLANE LONGITUDINAL RECONSTRUCTION IMAGES OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Makoto Watanabe, Shiro Uemura, Yu Sugawara, Tomoya Ueda, Tsunenari Soeda, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
More on Munchausen
Authors: RICHARD L. GOLDEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1977More on MunchausenRICHARD L. GOLDEN, M.D.RICHARD L. GOLDEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-6-798_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The history of Baron Munchausen and his "syndrome" continues to be intriguing. The recent erudite remarks of Dr. Taegtmeyer (1) on the correct spelling of Munchausen need some amplification. The controversial single or double "aitch" issue was discussed in the third edition ofThe Adventures of Baron Munchausen(2). In the introduction, T. Teignmouth Shore considers the question and states, ". . . I cannot find, in even the oldestEnglish edition, that there has been any variation from the familiar spelling—Munchausen. I am fortunate enough to possess a portrait of the Baron, which bears date 1792,...References1. TAEGTMEYER H: Munchausen to Münchhausen. Ann Intern Med 87:379-380, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SHORE T: The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, 3rd ed. New York, Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1862 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1977Volume 87, Issue 6Page: 798-798 Issue Published: 1 December 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...