tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of keratocalmin, a calmodulin-binding protein from human epidermis.
Authors: J A Fairley, G A Scott, K D Jensen, L A Goldsmith, L A Diaz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Using affinity-purified calmodulin-binding proteins from human epidermis we have developed a monoclonal IgM antibody, ROC 129.1, to a human desmosomal calcmodulin-binding protein. This antibody reacts with a submembranous 250-kD protein from human keratinocytes and stains human epidermis in a "cell-surface pattern". Permeability studies indicated that the epitope with which this monoclonal reacts is on the inner surface of the cell membrane. Immunoelectronmicroscopy localized the antigen to the desmosome. The epitope is restricted to stratified squamous epithelia and arises between 8-12 wk of fetal development. This desmosomal calmodulin-binding protein, which we have termed keratocalmin, may be involved in the calcium-regulated assembly of desmosomes.
Critical Comparisons of the Clinical Performance of Oxygen-conserving Devices
Authors: Aishwarya Palwai, Mary Skowronski, Albert Coreno, Colin Drummond, E. R. McFadden
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Clinical testing of oxygen-conserving devices is not mandated before marketing. Consequently, little is known about individual or comparative therapeutic effectiveness.To relate oxygen delivery from prototypical instruments to physiological performance.Thirteen subjects with obstructive lung disease performed progressive treadmill exercise while inhaling either room air, 2 L O(2)/min, or bolus oxygen from four commercially available conserving devices at regulator settings of 2, 5, and continuous. The devices were studied blindly in random order after first being tested to determine performance characteristics. Pulse oximetry, oxygen delivery, and nasal and oral ventilations were monitored at rest and with exertion.At a setting of 2 at rest, all conservers maintained saturation greater than 90%, but there were significant differences in oxygenation between systems. Only one equaled 2 L O(2)/min. With exertion, saturation decreased with all conservers but not with 2 L O(2)/min. One device did not perform any better than room air. Two systems provided less oxygen than predicted, one more, and in one the expected and actual amounts were equal only at rest. Breath-by-breath performance was highly variable, with irregular activation and inconsistent oxygen bolus size delivery. Increasing oxygen pulse volume to the point of eradicating conservation with the continuous setting did not eliminate all disparities.The mechanical and clinical performances of current oxygen conservers are highly variable and in some instances actually contribute to limitations in exercise ability. Seemingly equivalent technical features do not guarantee equivalent therapeutic functionality.
'Silent Epidemic' of 'Social Disease' Makes STD Experts Raise Their Voices
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

IMMUNOLOGICAL VIRGINS seem to be almost the only kind one finds among adolescents anymore, and that fact may in part account for the tremendous increase in sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. At a symposium in New York City on "The 'Other' STDs: A Silent Epidemic," sponsored by the American Medical Association and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Ga, authorities who have worked on stopping STD spread for years said the situation is now nearly out of control. ("Other" recognizes that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] has become the overwhelming concern, leaving different STDs in the shade. The meeting was supported by a grant from Burroughs Wellcome Company.) A major reason for STD increase is that young people are being exposed to infection, and acquisition is often rapid and asymptomatic. A great many of the more than 70% of people who are sexually active by age 19
Upregulation of astrocytic α7 nicotinic receptors in Alzheimer's disease brain- possible relevant to amyloid pathology
Authors: Wenfeng Yu, Naguib Mechawar, Slavica Krantic, Jean-Guy Chabot, Rémi Quirion
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular deposits of b-amyloid (Ab), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and inflammation response. The a7 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) were proposed to be directly relevant to the pathogenesis of AD by interacting with Ab. The a7 nAChRs and Ab1-42 are co-localized in neuritic plaques and neurons and can form a high affinity stable complex. The up-regulation of a7 nAChRs on activated astrocytes has been reported in the AD brain. However, because of the poor specificity of currently available a7 nAChR antibodies, it is important to develop new ways to investigate the discrete distribution of a7 nAChRs in nervous tissue.
TCT-362 Incidence, background, treatment strategies and the prognosis in very elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction – from Japanese multicenter database
Authors: Takafumi Yamane, Junichi Kotani, Hiroki Sakamoto, Masaharu Ishihara, Toshihisa Anzai, Wataru Shimizu, Satoshi Yasuda, Hideo Kusuoka, Hiroyuki Yokoyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Intravitreal Bevacizumab versus Intravitreal Dexamethasone for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Mark C. Gillies, Lyndell L. Lim, Anna Campain, Godfrey J. Quin, Wedad Salem, Ji Li, Stephanie Goodwin, Christine Aroney, Ian L. McAllister, Samantha Fraser-Bell
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Constituents of Sputum: A Simple Method
Authors: RALPH L. EPSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A simple and rapid method for evaluating the cellular and noncellular constituents of sputum is outlined. Cytologic evaluation of sputum should be an integral part of the study of all pulmonary patients. This can be accomplished with a simple microscope in the physician's office, without using a special stain. The distinction between eosinophilic and neutrophilic sputum is clinically important.
New Guidelines on Foregoing Life-Sustaining Treatment in Incompetent Patients: An Anti-Cruelty Policy
Authors: SUSAN BRAITHWAITE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

When certain ailments are an overwhelming and irremediable encumbrance, treatment directed at other curable ailments, although life-saving, cannot effectively achieve the goals of medicine. We are morally constrained from perpetuating the effects of a hopeless injury without prospect of benefit to the patient. An anti-cruelty policy is proposed as a new guideline for foregoing life-sustaining treatment that transcends the doctrines of "substituted judgment" or "reasonable persons" for certain incompetent patients. We propose the use of "anti-cruelty care" as an active chart order or progress note, and suggest that institutional ethics committees or governing bodies recommend its implementation.
Government Control of Hospital Utilization
Authors: Earl W. Brian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Because of insufficient action in the nongovernment health community to control hospital utilization, a requirement was made in California under the Medicaid (Medi-Cal) program that all nonemergency admissions be approved for a specified number of days of stay, before admission, by Medi-Cal program physicians (known as Medi-Cal consultants). Extensions of approved lengths of stay also required approval. During the nine-month study period, April to December, 1970, an overall decrease in Medi-Cal hospital utilization of approximately 16 per cent was observed. Admissions declined by 11 per cent. Reductions in lengths of stay were minimal, presumably, since unnecessary hospitalizations were less frequent, thus eliminating some of the shorter-stay cases. This reduced hospital utilization reversed a trend that had been developing under Medi-Cal since 1968. The effect of the controls was concluded to be primarily to deter unnecessary hospitalizations. Alternative explanations for the reduced utilization were generally found wanting.
Molecular modeling of adenosine receptors: new results and trends
Authors: Adriano Martinelli, Tiziano Tuccinardi
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2007)

Adenosine is a ubiquitous neuromodulator, which carries out its biological task by stimulating four cell surface receptors (A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)). Adenosine receptors (ARs) are members of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Their discovery opened up new avenues for potential drug treatment of a variety of conditions such as asthma, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic inflammatory diseases, and many other physiopathological states that are believed to be associated with changes in adenosine levels. Knowledge of the 3D structure of ARs could be of great help in the task of understanding their function and in the rational design of specific ligands. However, since GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins, high-resolution structural characterization is still an extremely difficult task. For this reason, great importance has been placed on molecular modeling studies and, particularly in the last few years, on homology modeling (HM) techniques. The publication of the first high-resolution crystal structure for bovine rhodopsin (bRh), a GPCR superfamily member, provides the option of utilizing HM to generate 3D models based on detailed structural information. In this review we report, analyze, and compare the main experimental data, computational HM procedures and validation methods used for ARs, describing in detail the most successful results.
Computer-Assisted Decision Support: A New Available Reality
Authors: Daniel K. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Computer technology is now commonplace in society in general, and in physicians' offices and homes in particular. For the most part, these applications take the form of medical practice and office management systems such as accounting packages and word processing. In addition, an increasing number of physicians are now using computer-assisted literature search services. As the availability of and familiarity with computer technology increase among clinicians, there will be an increasing demand for using the technology to obtain medical knowledge relevant to particular clinical questions. In this issue ofThe Journal, two studies are presented that concern the important application known as<i>computerbased decision support</i>. The first, by Dr Shortliffe,<sup>1</sup>considers the different issues and questions involved in the development of computer systems to support clinical decision making. The second, by Dr Barnett et al,<sup>2</sup>describes a new computer-based decision-support system developed with the support and collaboration of
"SNOWMAN" HEART
Authors: Richard L. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A boy with a history of cardiac disease in childhood was admitted to a hospital for evaluation of his cardiac status at the age of 16 years. Roentgenography in the frontal projection showed a snowman configuration of the heart, which was enlarged in the transverse diameter and had a contour suggesting right ventricular hypertrophy. The electrocardiogram suggested right atrial enlargement and right ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated a higher oxygen saturation in the right side of the heart than in the systemic arterial circulation. The findings were diagnostic of an anomalous connection between pulmonary and systemic veins at a supracardiac level with an atrial septal defect. The diagnosis is important because of the retardation of growth and the mortality among infants with this condition, which can now be corrected surgically.
Tuberculosis and Gut Surgery
Authors: AALFRED I. KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1978Tuberculosis and Gut SurgeryAALFRED I. KAPLAN, M.D. M.P.H., F.A.C.P.AALFRED I. KAPLAN, M.D. M.P.H., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-4-578_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Fisher's letter in the December issue (Ann Intern Med 87:792, 1977) on tuberculosis after gastrointestinal surgery contains some misinformation about tuberculosis and its pathogenesis and demonstrates some of the problems noted by Byrd (1) that emerge as tuberculosis re-enters the mainstream of medicine from its relative isolation in sanitoria.That contact with an active case of tuberculosis could not be established in Fisher's 57-year-old diabetic patient who had a positive reaction (12 mm) to PPD preoperatively is not surprising. For uncertain reasons the patient reactivated his initial (old) tuberculous infection manifested by the positive PPD in the...References1. BYRD R, HORN B, SOLOMON D, GRIGGS G, and WILDER N: Treatment of tuberculosis by the nonpulmonary physician. Ann Intern Med 86:799-802, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. : The Tuberculin Test. New York, American Lung-Association, 1974 Google Scholar3. STEAD W: Tuberculosis, in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 7th ed., edited by WINTROBE MM, THORN GW, ADAMS RD, BRAUNWALD E, ISSELBACHER KJ, PETERSDORF RG: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974, p. 860 Google Scholar4. See Reference 3, p. 870 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: AALFRED I. KAPLAN, M.D. M.P.H., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Leonard Morse Hospital Natick, MA 01760 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1978Volume 88, Issue 4Page: 578-579KeywordsPathogenesisSurgeryTuberculin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
108. The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Sendai Virus Isolate BB1 and Comparison with Other Isolates
Authors: Yu Yang, Lufeng Ren, Xiaoyan Dong, Xiaobing Wu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Sendai virus vectors have been identified to be a highly efficient transduction tool for a broad range of different tissues and applications over the last few years. These vectors are all based on a isolate of sendai virus (SeV) genome sequence. In this study, a novel isolate BB1 was whole sequenced, the entire nucleotide sequence of a BB1 was determined and compared to other known sequenced isolates of sendai virus. SeV isolate BB1 was identified almost five decades ago but has not been fully characterized at the molecular level. The viral genome of BB1 isolate comprises 15384 nucleotides, which is conserved in all of the SeVs. Sequence comparisons with other isolates revealed that BB1 isolate is not close to any sequenced SeV isolate and it has several distinct features in terms of sequence identity although all of SeVs deduced a homologous genome organization. Investigation of the sequence diversity of different virus isolates is important because variants may differ in characteristics such as their patterns of serological reactivity, pathogenicity, and virulence. The distinct features was obtained suggesting that BB1 isolate is possible to be a novel sendai virus vector taking the advantage of vector phenotypes, immunological and cytopathogenic properties. After using reverse genetics to generate a sendai virus based on this isolate, we should advance to viral mutagenesis studies and in the production of vaccines and gene therapy vectors.
T cell stimulation by staphylococcal enterotoxins. Clonally variable response and requirement for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on accessory or target cells.
Authors: B Fleischer, H Schrezenmeier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are the most potent mitogens for T lymphocytes known; concentrations of less than 10(-9) M are sufficient for T cell activation. The mechanism of T cell activation by SE is unknown. We have used cloned human cytotoxic and proliferative T lymphocytes to dissect the molecular mechanism of T cell activation by SE. With rare exceptions, all TCR alpha/beta chain-expressing T cell clones of CD4+ or CD8+ phenotype, as well as CD4-8- TCR alpha/beta chain negative chain-expressing T lymphocyte clones, respond with proliferation and/or cytotoxicity to SE. For triggering of all these clones, the presence of autologous or allogeneic MHC class II molecules on accessory or target cells is necessary. This requirement for class II antigens is not due to an immunological recognition of processed SE, since inhibition of antigen processing has no influence on the T cell response to SE. SE acts on the T cells directly since (a) they stimulate a rise in intracellular calcium concentration in T cell lines or purified T cells, and (b) accessory cells can be replaced by phorbolesters in the proliferative activation of resting T cells by SE. Furthermore, the T cell response to SE shows extensive clonal heterogeneity. These results suggest that SE are functionally bivalent mitogens binding highly selectively to HLA class II molecules and the TCR. Thus, compared with other polyclonal T cell activating agents, activation with SE most closely mimicks the physiological way of MHC-restricted antigen recognition by T lymphocytes.
The strange malady of Alessandro’s uncle
Authors: Neil A (Tony) Holtzman
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Objective To assess the evidence for a genetic basis to magic.Design Literature review.Setting Harry Potter novels of J K Rowling.Participants Muggles, witches, wizards, and squibs.Interventions Limited.Main outcome measures Family and twin studies, magical ability, and specific magical skills.Results Magic shows strong evidence of heritability, with familial aggregation and concordance in twins.Evidence suggests magical ability to be a quantitative trait.Specific magical skills, notably being able to speak to snakes, predict the future, and change hair colour, all seem heritable.Conclusions A multilocus model with a dominant gene for magic might exist, controlled epistatically by one or more loci, possibly recessive in nature.Magical enhancers regulating gene expression may be involved, combined with mutations at specific genes implicated in speech and hair colour such as FOXP2 and MCR1. IntroductIonGenetic factors that underlie traits such as height 1 and weight 2 are currently under scrutiny using genome wide association methods, yet the detection of genes predisposing to magic has been given relatively short shrift.Using the books by J K Rowling about Harry Potter, a schoolboy wizard, to gain an insight into humans with magical abilities, one study suggested that magic is the result of a single gene. 3This assertion has been contentious, however, with another study questioning whether magic is heritable. 4We assessed the heritability of magic now that the Harry Potter series is complete with the publication of the seventh and final book. 5 According to the Harry Potter books [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] most people in the world are muggles-that is, possess no magical ability-whereas a minority are witches and wizards with magical abilities.Rarely we are introduced to squibs, offspring resulting from the non-transmission of magic within a family with magical abilities.Compared with muggles squibs have some magical ability, as they can see and interact with the magical world.When considering the genetics of magic we need to be able to explain several observations.Firstly,
Efficiencies of different genes and different tree-building methods in recovering a known vertebrate phylogeny
Authors: C. A. Russo, N. Takezaki, M. Nei
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

The relative efficiencies of different protein-coding genes of the mitochondrial genome and different tree-building methods in recovering a known vertebrate phylogeny (two whale species, cow, rat, mouse, opossum, chicken, frog, and three bony fish species) was evaluated. The tree-building methods examined were the neighbor joining (NJ), minimum evolution (ME), maximum parsimony (MP), and maximum likelihood (ML), and both nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed. Generally speaking, amino acid sequences were better than nucleotide sequences in obtaining the true tree (topology) or trees close to the true tree. However, when only first and second codon positions data were used, nucleotide sequences produced reasonably good trees. Among the 13 genes examined, Nd5 produced the true tree in all tree-building methods or algorithms for both amino acid and nucleotide sequence data. Genes Cytb and Nd4 also produced the correct tree in most tree-building algorithms when amino acid sequence data were used. By contrast, Co2, Nd1, and Nd41 showed a poor performance. In general, large genes produced better results, and when the entire set of genes was used, all tree-building methods generated the true tree. In each tree-building method, several distance measures or algorithms were used, but all these distance measures or algorithms produced essentially the same results. The ME method, in which many different topologies are examined, was no better than the NJ method, which generates a single final tree. Similarly, an ML method, in which many topologies are examined, was no better than the ML star decomposition algorithm that generates a single final tree. In ML the best substitution model chosen by using the Akaike information criterion produced no better results than simpler substitution models. These results question the utility of the currently used optimization principles in phylogenetic construction. Relatively simple methods such as the NJ and ML star decomposition algorithms seem to produce as good results as those obtained by more sophisticated methods. The efficiencies of the NJ, ME, MP, and ML methods in obtaining the correct tree were nearly the same when amino acid sequence data were used. The most important factor in constructing reliable phylogenetic trees seems to be the number of amino acids or nucleotides used.