tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cryoproteins in Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Authors: RAWLE M. MCINTOSH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 November 1970Cryoproteins in Poststreptococcal GlomerulonephritisRAWLE M. MCINTOSH, M.D.RAWLE M. MCINTOSH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-857_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The detection of cryoproteins in immunologic disease is well recognized. In our recent article, "Cryoglobulinemia and Disease" (1), I mentioned the inability to detect streptococcal antigens in the cryoprecipitates of patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Since these studies we have immunized animals with large quantities of pooled cryoprecipitates from patients with streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The antisera was anticomplimentary and contained antibodies to human IgG, IgM, and beta1Cbut no other serum proteins. Antibody to streptococcal proteins in the antisera could not be detected by double layer immunofluorescence or other techniques. This suggests that these precipitates are not complexes...References1. BARNETTBLUESTONECRACCHIOLO ERA: Cryoglobulinemia and disease. Ann Intern Med 73:95-107, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LANGESEMARTY KMA: A specific antigen and antibody in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Clin Res 17:468, 1969 Google Scholar3. LINDBERGVOSTI LK: Elution of glomerular bound antibodies in experimental poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Science 166:1032-1034, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. RAPAPORTMARKOWITZMCCLUSKEY FAR: Induction of renal disease with antisera to group A streptococcal membranes. Transplant Proc 1:981-984, 1969 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. MARKOWITZARMSTRONGKUSHNER ASD: Immunologic relationship between rat glomerulus and mephritogenic streptococci. Nature (London) 187:1095, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: UCLA Medical Center for Health Sciences Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRapidly progressive cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritisThe evolution of the focal post-streptococcal glomerular lesion 1 November 1970Volume 73, Issue 5Page: 857-857KeywordsAntibodiesAntigensGlomerulonephritisImmunofluorescenceProteinsSerum proteins Issue Published: 1 November 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pulmonary epithelial cell expression of GM-CSF corrects the alveolar proteinosis in GM-CSF-deficient mice.
Authors: J A Huffman, W M Hull, G Dranoff, R C Mulligan, J A Whitsett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Mutation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene by homologous recombination caused alveolar proteinosis in mice. To further discern the role of GM-CSF in surfactant homeostasis, the synthesis of GM-CSF was directed to the respiratory epithelium of GM-CSF-hull mutant mice (GM-/-) with a chimeric gene expressing GM-CSF under the control of the promoter from the human surfactant protein-C (SP-C) gene. Transgenic mice bearing the SP-C-GM-CSF construct (SP-C-GM+) were bred to GM-/- mice resulting in complete correction of alveolar proteinosis in bitransgenic GM-/-, SP-C-GM+ mice. No effects of the transgene were found outside the lung. GM-CSF was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the bitransgenic mice. Surfactant proteins-A and -B and phospholipid in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were normalized in the GM-/-, SP-C-GM+ mice. SP-A, -B, and -C mRNAs were unaltered in lungs from GM-CSF-deficient and -replete mice. Expression of GM-CSF in respiratory epithelial cells of transgenic mice restores surfactant homeostasis in GM-/- mice. From these findings, we conclude that GM-CSF regulates the clearance or catabolism rather than synthesis of surfactant proteins and lipids.
MRI in predicting a major clinical response to anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: M Rudwaleit, S Schwarzlose, E S Hilgert, J Listing, J Braun, J Sieper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To evaluate the role of MRI in predicting a Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) improvement of at least 50% (BASDAI 50) upon anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). <h3>Methods:</h3> MRIs from patients with active AS who participated in randomised controlled trials were analysed with respect to presence and extent of active inflammatory lesions as detected in the spine (n = 46), sacroiliac (SI) joints (n = 42) and both sites (n = 26). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate MRI and clinical data in predicting a BASDAI 50 response. <h3>Results:</h3> The Berlin MRI spine score (odds ratio (OR) 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.33) and disease duration (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.97) were statistically significant predictors of a BASDAI 50 response using regression analysis while there was only a trend for C-reactive protein (CRP). The likelihood ratio (LR) for achievement of BASDAI 50 was increased in patients with a Berlin MRI spine score ⩾11 (LR 6.7), disease duration &lt;10 years (LR 4.2) and CRP ⩾40 mg/litre (LR 3.4). All patients with two or three of these predictors improved clinically (as assessed by BASDAI) by at least 45%. Disease duration &gt;20 years, normal CRP and no active inflammatory lesion in the spine were highly predictive of not achieving BASDAI 50. A trend was only found for the MRI score of SI joints to be predictive. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Widespread inflammation in the spine as detected by MRI contributes to predicting a BASDAI 50 response in active patients with AS treated with anti-TNF agents.
The discrimination of phenotypes for rate of disappearance of isonicotinoyl hydrazide from serum
Authors: Edward M. Scott, Rita C. Wright, David D. Weaver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Expression of the rate of inactivation of isonicotinoyl hydrazide (INH) as a first-order constant gave better discrimination of slow and rapid inactivators than did the level of INH at the end of 6 hr. The most probable division point between the two classes was at k = 0.130. Rate of inactivation by obligatory heterozygotes was determined. Such heterozygotes could not be adequately differentiated from homozygous rapid inactivators. The gene frequency for slow inactivation was 0.46 +/-0.04 in Alaskan Eskimos and 0.62+/-0.06 in Athabaskan Indians.
New leader, new hope for WHO
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In the mid-1990s the World Health Organization seemed doomed to either “flounder in a morass of petty corruption and ineffective bureacracy”1 or to die.2 Neither of these happened. Instead, Gro Harlem Brundtland, who took office as director general in July 1998, restored the organisation's reputation as a credible force in global health.3 Last week the World Health Assembly approved Jong-Wook Lee as Brundtland's successor. Unlike Brundtland, Lee is not being charged with saving the organisation but with harnessing its potential to transform the lives of the poorest. There are four things he must do to help achieve this.

Firstly, he must start to close the huge gap between what WHO is doing on the global stage and what is happening at country level. Where Brundtland focused her energies and much of WHO's resources on headquarters—a strategy that was useful for launching new, high profile public-private partnerships—Lee must think globally and act locally.

High profile public-private initiatives are being rolled out in countries with weak public health systems. The poorest countries struggle with epidemics, natural …
THE GENERATION AND STORAGE OF NITRIC OXIDE METABOLITES DURING EXERCISE TRAINING CONTRIBUTES TO EXERCISE-MEDIATED CARDIOPROTECTION
Authors: John W. Calvert, Marah Elston, Amy Sindler, Susheel Gundewar, David Bennett Grinsfelder, Juan Pablo Aragon, Douglas R. Seals, David J. Lefer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Reorganisation and culture change still needed in the Care Quality Commission
Authors: J. W. L. Puntis
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The role of the Care Quality Commission (CQC) is to check whether healthcare providers are meeting national standards, so it’s good that MPs now consider it fit for purpose.1 Why its new chairman David Prior is loudly proclaiming the non-evidence based ideology that the panacea for NHS woes is more competition …
The woman at increased risk for breast cancer: evaluation and management strategies
Authors: M. M. Bilimoria, M. Morrow
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1995)

Increased understanding of risk factors for breast cancer, especially the identification of genes associated with a predisposition to breast cancer, has focused attention on the issue of breast cancer prevention. At present, the only clinically available method of breast cancer prevention is prophylactic mastectomy. However, there are no absolute indications for its use, and it is not often appropriate in relation to actual risk for disease. This article reviews what is known about major breast cancer risk factors, reviews the available data on prophylactic mastectomy, and discusses current strategies for the management of the woman at increased risk for breast cancer.
Intrathecal Production of Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in Patients with Toxoplasmic Encephalitis and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: ISRAEL POTASMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

We attempted to determine whether patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and toxoplasmic encephalitis produce Toxoplasma antibodies in the central nervous system, and whether these antibodies would be useful for diagnosing toxoplasmic encephalitis. Thirty-seven patients with AIDS and toxoplasmic encephalitis and 11 patients with AIDS alone were studied. All patients had serum IgG but not IgM Toxoplasma antibodies. Twenty-three of the patients with AIDS and toxoplasmic encephalitis had Toxoplasma antibody in cerebrospinal fluid compared to none of the patients with AIDS alone. Of the patients with AIDS alone who had serum antibodies to T. gondii, none had Toxoplasma antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. Production of antibodies in the central nervous system was seen in 11 of 16 patients with AIDS and toxoplasmic encephalitis but not in 4 patients in the control group who only had Toxoplasma antibody in their cerebrospinal fluid. These results suggest that production of T. gondii antibodies in the central nervous system may be diagnostic of toxoplasmic encephalitis.
Abstract 4763: Administration of a vaccine composed of dendritic cells pulsed with premalignant oral lesion lysate: immunologic effects in mice bearing carcinogen-induced premalignant oral lesions
Authors: Anna-Maria A. Clark, M R. Young
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Most studies with dendritic cell vaccines have focused on eliminating or preventing the progression of already established malignancies. This is complicated by the immune suppression that is often exhibited in the presence of solid carcinomas. The goal of this study is to determine if an immune response can be elicited by administering a dendritic cell vaccine during the premalignant stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), prior to the development of systemic immune suppression. Mice treated with the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) in drinking water develop premalignant oral lesions which subsequently progress to OSCC. As previous studies in our lab demonstrated that premalignant lesions and OSCC share overexpression of common tumor antigens, bone-marrow derived dendritic cells were pulsed with premalignant lesion lysate and administered to 4NQO-treated C57/BL6 mice exhibiting premalignant lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a similar increase in the number of CD8+ and CD4+ cells in the tongues of both the 4NQO-treated mice immunized with premalignant lesion-pulsed dendritic cells (DCpm) and the 4NQO-treated mice immunized with keratinocyte-pulsed dendritic cells (DCker) compared to 4NQO-treated mice injected with saline. However, the tongues of 4NQO-treated DCpm mice exhibited a dramatic decrease in the number of Foxp3+ cells compared to both 4NQO-treated control groups. In addition, splenocytes from 4NQO-treated DCpm mice released greater amounts of both IFN-γ and IL-2 in response to challenge with premalignant lysate compared to splenocytes from 4NQO-treated DCker mice in response to challenge with keratinocyte lysate. These studies indicate that stimulated dendritic cells, regardless of pulsing with premalignant lesions or keratinocytes, may be able to elicit an upregulation of T cells in the tongue. However, DCpm immunization specifically appears to result in a decrease in immune inhibitory regulatory T cells in the tongue and an increase in splenocyte secretion of immune stimulatory cytokines in response to antigenic challenge. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4763.
England continues to lag behind Europe in cancer survival, despite 6.7bn budget
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Despite some improvement in cancer services in England in the past three years, survival is still 10% lower than the European average, with older and poorer patients faring worse than other groups, a report by the public spending watchdog has said.1

The National Audit Office said that there was still variable access to cancer services around the country, which if tackled could improve overall survival. For example, it said that there would be nearly 20 000 fewer deaths from cancer a year if death rates in all socioeconomic groups were the same as that in the least deprived.

The audit office last looked at cancer services in 2010 and was asked by the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts last year to …
TREATMENT OF TYPHOID CARRIERS
Authors: Wendell R. Ames
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recent articles inThe Journalon the use of medicinal agents to treat chronic typhoid and paratyphoid carriers have been interesting to health authorities. Following the optimistic reports of Saphir and Howell (May 18, 1940, p. 1988) and of Enright (Jan. 18, 1941, p. 220), the Division of Communicable Disease of the New York State Health Department studied the efficacy of soluble iodophthalein in several carriers. The results were unsuccessful, similar to those more recently reported by Saphir, Baer and Plotke (March 21, 1942, p. 964) and by Cutting and Robson (April 25, 1942, p. 1447). With the cooperation and active help of Dr. Kenneth Keill and Dr. W. M. Pamphilon of the Willard State Hospital, Willard, N. Y., six known chronic typhoid carriers were treated at that institution. The results are summarized in the accompanying table. In each of the instances it was known that the
Points from Letters: Errors Caused by Language Barriers
Authors: E. V. Bevan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Sugar Consumption and Acne SIR,-I was interested in the study by Dr. D. G. G. Bett and others (15 July, p. 153) in which they found raised sugar consumption in patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis but not in those with acne.In a study of 2,720 soldiers it was estab- lished that there is no correlation between the incidence or severity of acne and dandruff.'There was also no correlation between acne and obesity in men under 20 years old--the age group studied by Bett et al.However, in older men (age 20-40) there was a signifi- cant correlation between acne and obesity.It appears, therefore, that perhaps Bett et al. should extend their study to see if there is raised sugar intake in this older group before it can be settled that sugar intake in acne is not raised.-Iam, etc.,
Detoxification and Endothelialization of Glutaraldehyde-Fixed Bovine Pericardium With Titanium Coating
Authors: Norbert W. Guldner, Inka Jasmund, Hanngörg Zimmermann, Markus Heinlein, Britta Girndt, Veronika Meier, Florian Flüß, Daniel Rohde, Andreas Gebert, Hans-Hinrich Sievers
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Endothelial cell seeding of glutardialdehyde-fixed biological heart valves is hypothesized to improve biocompatibility and durability; however, the toxicity of glutardialdehyde prevents its use as a biological coating. Therefore, different detoxification strategies are applied, including surface coating with titanium, before in vitro endothelialization of glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium as the base material for prosthetic heart valves. Methods and Results— Bovine pericardium was fixed with 0.25% glutardialdehyde. Detoxification was performed with citric acid, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and plasma deposition with titanium at low temperatures of 30°C to 35°C. Toxic glutaraldehyde ligands were quantified photometrically, and the vitality of seeded cells was tested to validate detoxification methods. Detoxification agents and titanium coating were applied before seeding with human endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were visualized by electron microscopic surface scanning. To evaluate cell adhesion, shear stress was applied by a flow of 5 L/min over 24 hours. Compared with untreated glutaraldehyde-fixed samples, treatment with the different agents reduced free aldehyde groups gradually (citric acid 5% &lt; citric acid 10% &lt; titanium &lt; aldehyde dehydrogenase). A combination of citric acid 10%, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and titanium coating resulted in a reduction of free aldehyde ligands to 17.3±4.6% ( P ≤0.05) and demonstrated a vitality of seeded cells of 94±6.7% ( P ≤0.05). This procedure yielded a completely confluent layer of regular human endothelial cells (n=5). After application of shear stress for 24 hours on these endothelial layers, cell vitality was 81%. Conclusions— Titanium coating combined with chemical procedures yielded significant detoxification and complete endothelialization of conventional glutaraldehyde-fixed pericardium. This new technique might improve glutardialdehyde-fixed cardiovascular bioimplants for better biocompatibility and longer durability.
The Trustworthiness of the Present-Day Preparations of the Digestive Ferments
Authors: E. M. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1895)

Biimh 1031 pression of urine had existed since the previous night.-Copious watery vomiting and diarrhcea continued.The pulse was 98, and of low tension.The child became semiconscious and died in convulsions after a period of thirty-one hours of complete anuria.Post mortem, the tonsils and pharynx were ragged, injected, and exhibited a few scattered patches of pellicular debris.The trachea, bronchi, and lungs were healthy.The heart substance was paler than normal, and the right auricle and ven- tricle were filled with a buff-coloured ante-mortem clot adhe- Tentto the cardiac walls, and extending into the pulmonary artery.Great hypereemia of the walls of the intestines was observed, and the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines showed a uniform injection.The macroscopic ap- pearances of the kidneys and other organs were healthy.REMARKS.--Fewdeductionscanof coursebemade from such a emall series of cases, but it will be observed that certain features were present in all three.The type of the disease was very severe, and there was evidence of a general systemic infection against which the most active treatment was of no avail.The nasal cavity was implicated in each case, and pallor, languor, and debility, with the physical signs of peripheral
Effect of tachycardia on regional function and transmural myocardial perfusion during graded coronary pressure reduction in conscious dogs.
Authors: J M Canty, J Giglia, D Kandath
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The purpose of the present study was to examine subendocardial flow and function during graded coronary pressure reduction to determine the effect of tachycardia on the lower autoregulatory pressure limit (critical coronary pressure) in unanesthetized dogs. During atrial pacing at a rate of 200 beats/min, subendocardial flow measured by radioactive microspheres averaged 1.55 +/- 0.34 ml/min/g and remained unchanged as pressure was reduced over the autoregulatory plateau from 84 +/- 10 to 59 +/- 7 mm Hg. Further reductions in coronary pressure to below a critical coronary pressure of approximately 60 mm Hg were associated with concomitant reductions in subendocardial flow and the endocardial-epicardial flow ratio during tachycardia. Although regional function remained constant over the autoregulatory plateau, there was a rightward shift of the coronary pressure-function relation during ischemia in response to a steady-state increase in rate from 100 to 200 beats/min. Reductions in regional wall thickening began when coronary pressures reached 38 +/- 7 mm Hg at a heart rate of 100 beats/min and 61 +/- 6 mm Hg at a heart rate of 200 beats/min (p less than 0.005). Similar critical coronary pressure values were obtained for subendocardial segment shortening. Relations between subendocardial flow and myocardial function measured by both transmural wall thickening and subendocardial segment shortening were linear during pacing at a heart rate of 200 beats/min with relative reductions in wall thickening related to reductions in subendocardial flow on a nearly one-to-one basis. The results of this study demonstrate that there is a shift in the lower limit of subendocardial autoregulation during tachycardia as manifest by the onset of subendocardial ischemia at a higher distal coronary artery pressure. The shift in critical coronary pressure relates to an increase in resting flow requirements due to increased demand and diminished subendocardial vasodilator reserve at any given coronary pressure secondary to a reduction in the time available for diastolic subendocardial perfusion during tachycardia.
The Expanding Emergency Department
Authors: David N. Kluge
Journal: JAMA (1965)

During 1963, the number of visits to hospital emergency departments in Rochester, NY, equaled one fifth of the county population. A detailed one-month analysis of the 2,372 emergency visits to one hospital revealed that 20% of the patients were in the first decade of life and that two thirds of the patients were self-referred. Although 61% of the patients (1,019 following trauma) were seen by the surgical service initially, most of the house admissions were to the medical service. One third of the patients had no insurance. The visit was found to be necessary in one third of the cases. Two thirds of the patients could have been treated in a physician's office.