tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Rupture of Chordae Tendineae of the Mitral Valve in Infants
Authors: Isao Shiraishi, Kunihiro Nishimura, Heima Sakaguchi, Tadaaki Abe, Masataka Kitano, Kenichi Kurosaki, Hitoshi Kato, Toshio Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Yamagishi, Koichi Sagawa, Yoshihiko Ikeda, Takayuki Morisaki, Takaya Hoashi, Koji Kagisaki, Hajime Ichikawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Recently, infant cases of acute heart failure attributable to rupture of the mitral chordae tendineae have been reported. However, little is known about the pathogenesis and clinical course of this condition.Ninety-five children with rupture of mitral chordae tendineae were identified in nationwide surveys of Japan diagnosed from 1995 to 2013. The clinical manifestations, management strategies, and prognosis were investigated. Eighty-one (85%) patients were between 4 and 6 months (median, 5 months) of age. In 63 (66%) patients, rupture occurred during the spring or summer. The underlying conditions before rupture included Kawasaki disease (10 cases), maternally derived anti-SSA antibodies (2 cases), and infective endocarditis (1 case). Surgery was performed in 80 patients (94 operations), and the final operations included plasty of mitral chordae in 52 cases and mechanical valve replacement in 26 cases. The histopathologic examinations of the mitral valves and chordae (n=28) revealed inflammatory reactions with predominant mononuclear cell infiltration in 18 cases (64%) and increased fibrous and myxoid tissue in 11 cases (39%), suggesting that nonbacterial infectious or autoimmune endocarditis and myxoid changes are involved in the pathogenesis. Eight patients (8.4%) died before (n=6) and shortly after (n=2) the operation, and significant neurological complications persisted in 10 cases (11%).Acute heart failure attributable to rupture of the mitral chordae tendineae in infants is a unique disease resulting from diverse causes. This condition should be recognized as a significant cardiovascular disorder that may cause sudden onset of cardiogenic shock and death in infants.
The use of chitosan based hydrogel for enhancing the therapeutic benefits of adipose-derived MSCs for acute kidney injury
Authors: Jiasheng Gao, Rongfu Liu, Jie Wu, Zhiqiang Liu, Junjie Li, Jin Zhou, Tong Hao, Yan Wang, Zhiyan Du, Cuimi Duan, Changyong Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to β‐lactam antibiotics
Authors: A. Romano, M. Blanca, M. J. Torres, A. Bircher, W. Aberer, K. Brockow, W. J. Pichler, P. Demoly
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Nonimmediate manifestations (i.e. occurring more than 1 h after drug administration), particularly maculopapular and urticarial eruptions, are common during β ‐lactam treatment. The mechanisms involved in most nonimmediate reactions seem to be heterogeneous and are not yet completely understood. However, clinical and immunohistological studies, as well as analysis of drug‐specific T‐cell clones obtained from the circulating blood and the skin, suggest that a type‐IV (cell‐mediated) pathogenic mechanism may be involved in some nonimmediate reactions such as maculopapular or bullous rashes and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. In the diagnostic work‐up, the patient's history is fundamental; patch testing is useful, together with delayed‐reading intradermal testing. The latter appears to be somewhat more sensitive than patch testing, but also less specific. In case of negative allergologic tests, consideration should be given to provocation tests, and the careful administration of the suspect agents. With regard to in vitro tests, the lymphocyte transformation test may contribute to the identification of the responsible drug. Under the aegis of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) interest group on drug hypersensitivity and the European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA), in this review we describe the general guidelines for evaluating subjects with nonimmediate reactions to β ‐lactams.
Chronic infection with hepatitis B viruses and antiviral drug evaluation in uPA mice after liver repopulation with tupaia hepatocytes
Authors: Maura Dandri, Martin R. Burda, David M. Zuckerman, Karsten Wursthorn, Urte Matschl, Joerg M. Pollok, Xavier Rogiers, Andreas Gocht, Josef Köck, Hubert E. Blum, Fritz von Weizsäcker, Joerg Petersen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
A CASE OF AMPUTATION OF THE BREAST—WITH REMARKS.
Authors: H. LEAMAN
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Mrs. J. J. W., age 48, married 29 years, the mother of eight children, and the recipient of ten severe miscarriages, carriages, came to my office Sept. 1, 1882. She had first noticed this tumor in her breast three months previously. Her attention at that time was called to the swelling in her breast by a small pimple on the surface. Up to this time there had been no apparent change. A tender enlargement, the size of an English walnut, nut, situated deeply in the inner lower quarter of the left breast. During the past week—for the first time —sharp, shooting, retracting pain, piercing the nipple, had been experienced more frequently. Menstruation ceased six years ago, without giving rise to any trouble. She had no cachexia, and was apparently in her usual health. On the 18th of September she called again. There was no perceptible increase of the growth, but
Randomized comparison of split tip versus step tip high-flow hemodialysis catheters
Authors: Scott O. Trerotola, Michael Kraus, Himanshu Shah, Jan Namyslowski, Matthew S. Johnson, Michael S. Stecker, Iftikhar Ahmad, Gordon Mclennan, Nilesh H. Patel, Elaine O'Brien, Kathleen A. Lane, Walter T. Ambrosius
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
MPs lambast government for haste in closing down Forensic Science Service
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK government’s aim to close down the Forensic Science Service for England and Wales by next March threatens to disrupt the criminal justice system and hinder the development of new investigative techniques, says an influential committee of MPs. They also say that the closure will limit the ability to reopen “cold” cases no longer being investigated but that remain unsolved.

The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee lambasts the government for failing to consult properly on the effects of the move and calls for a stay of execution of at least six months to develop a strategy for private laboratories …
Abstract 151: Angiotensin II-Mediated Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage Reduces Nitric Oxide Bioavailability: Possible Role in Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Abdulrahman K Doughan, David G Harrison, Sergey I Dikalov
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Mitochondrial (mito) dysfunction is a prominent feature of most cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, diabetes and heart failure. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important stimulus for athe...
INHIBITION OF ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION BY LOCAL CATHETER-BASED ADMINISTRATION OF BISPHOSPHONATES ON ARTERIAL WALL IN AN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Andreas Synetos, Georgios Benetos, Maria Drakopoulou, George Latsios, Rafail Kotronias, Angelos Papanikolaou, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Request for Embryologic Specimens
Authors: Franklin P. Mall
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The embryologic collection at the Johns Hopkins Medical School has now grown sufficiently large to be of great value to the medical profession. Over one hundred special papers on various topics in human embryology are based on this collection, and it is for this reason that I again appeal to physicians for more abortion specimens to help along the studies in this subject. Not only does this collection prove to be of value in the study of the anatomy of the human embryo, but it also sheds light on the cause of abortion, a question which concerns very much the general practitioner. In every hundred pregnancies there are about twenty abortions, among which there are seven pathologic ova and one monster. The clinical histories in these cases show that some sort of uterine disease produces the abortion, and for this reason it seems plain that the pregnancies
<i>In vitro</i> effects of flunisolide on MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, fibronectin, TGF‐<i>β</i>1 release and apoptosis in sputum cells freshly isolated from mild to moderate asthmatics
Authors: M. Profita, R. Gagliardo, R. Di Giorgi, A. Bruno, L. Riccobono, A. Bonanno, J. Bousquet, A. M. Vignola
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Corticosteroids play an important role in inflammation and remodelling of airways and are considered an important therapeutic target in asthma. Inflammation in asthma is characterized by a dysregulation of eosinophil apoptosis and of markers of airways remodelling. We evaluated the ability of flunisolide to inhibit in vitro the release of metalloproteinases‐9 (MMP‐9), tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1), transforming growth factor (TGF‐ β ) and fibronectin by sputum cells (SC) as well as to induce sputum eosinophil apoptosis. Methods: The SC, isolated from induced sputum samples of 12 mild‐to‐moderate asthmatics, were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of flunisolide (1, 10 and 100 μ M). The release of mediators was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) whereas apoptosis was studied by TUNEL technique. Results: Flunisolide (10 μ M) significantly reduced MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 ( P = 0.0011 and P &lt; 0.0001 respectively) and increased MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 molar ratio ( P = 0.004). In addition, flunisolide decreased TGF‐ β and fibronectin release by SC ( P = 0.006; and P &lt; 0.0001 respectively) and increased eosinophil apoptosis ( P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that flunisolide may play an important role in the inhibition of airway inflammation and remodelling, by promoting the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation and by inhibiting the release of MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, TGF‐ β and fibronectin.
The Risk of Esophageal Cancer in Patients With Achalasia
Authors: Robert S. Sandler, Olof Nyrén, Anders Ekbom, Glenn M. Eisen, Jonathan Yuen, Staffan Josefsson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To determine more precise and accurate cancer risk estimates for achalasia that could be used to plan surveillance.Cohort.Swedish population.All patients with achalasia listed in the population-based Swedish Inpatient Register from 1964 through 1989.The observed number of cancers in the cohort was compared with expected numbers of cancers (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]) for each 5-year age group and calendar year of observation, calculated using data from the Swedish Cancer Registry.A total of 1062 patients with achalasia accumulated 9864 years of follow-up. The mean age at entry was 57.2 years, and the mean age at cancer diagnosis was 71.0 years. Esophageal cancer occurred in 24 patients. The risk of esophageal cancer in the first year after achalasia diagnosis was extremely high (SIR, 126.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63.0 to 226.1) as a consequence of prevalent cancers leading to distal esophageal obstruction simulating achalasia. During years 1 to 24, the risk was increased more than 16-fold (SIR, 16.6; 95% CI, 8.8 to 28.3). Annual surveillance after the first year would require 406 endoscopic examinations in men and 2220 in women to detect one cancer.Patients with achalasia are at markedly increased risk of developing esophageal cancer. A substantial number of surveillance examinations might be required to screen for cancers, especially in women. It is not known whether surveillance will result in improved survival.
Commentary
Authors: James F. Toole
Journal: JAMA (1969)

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Book Review Bookends Pro for the Macintosh -- Bibliography Management System Version 3.0.3. By Jonathan D. Ashwell. Diskette (3.5“) with manual. Tiburon, Calif., Westing Software, 1994. System needed: Macintosh SE through Quadra series with System 6.05 or higher and at least 2 MB Ram (4 MB for System 7). $149 (single user).
Authors: Eytan Z. Blumenthal, Daniel Mimouni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Single-operator cholangioscopy for the diagnosis of bile duct lymphoma: a case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: M. Torrealba, M. Berzosa, I. Raijman
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Locally advanced mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) causing obstructive jaundice due to involvement of the common bile duct (CBD) is a particularly rare condition. In the literature there are only 24 case reports of primary CBD lymphoma. To our knowledge there are no case reports of recurrent locally advanced MALT presenting as biliary obstruction and diagnosed with single-operator cholangioscopy.
Book Review Microbial Inhabitants of Humans: Their Ecology and Role in Health and Disease By Michael Wilson. 455 pp., illustrated. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2005. $65. 0-521-84158-5 Colonization of Mucosal Surfaces Edited by James P. Nataro, Paul S. Cohen, Harry L.T. Mobley, and Jeffrey N. Weiser. 456 pp., illustrated. Washington, D.C., ASM Press, 2005. $119.95. 1-55581-323-2
Authors: Andrew G. Plaut
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Early Alterations in Intracellular and Alveolar Surfactant of the Rat Lung in Response to Endotoxin
Authors: HEINZ FEHRENBACH, FRANK BRASCH, STEFAN UHLIG, MARKUS WEISSER, CORDULA STAMME, ALBRECHT WENDEL, JOACHIM RICHTER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The aim of this study was to characterize early ultrastructural, biochemical, and functional alterations of the pulmonary surfactant system induced by Salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat lungs. Experimental groups were: (1) control in vitro, 150 min perfusion; (2) LPS in vitro, 150 min perfusion, infusion of 50 μ g/ml LPS after 40 min; (3) control ex vivo, 10 min perfusion; (4) LPS ex vivo, lungs perfused for 10 min from rats treated for 110 min with 20 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally. Morphometry of type II pneumocytes showed that LPS increased stored surfactant. Lamellar bodies were increased in size, but decreased in numerical density, suggesting that giant lamellar bodies observed in LPS-treated lungs may result from fusion of normal bodies. Structural analysis of alveolar surfactant composition showed that LPS elicited an increase in lamellar body–like and multilamellar forms. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) material from LPS-treated lungs was decreased in phospholipids. BAL bubble surfactometer analysis showed a reduction in hysteresis area caused by LPS. We conclude that LPS leads to alterations of intracellular and alveolar surfactant within 2 h: fusion of lamellar bodies, reduction in surfactant secretion, and changes in alveolar surfactant transformation, composition, and function, which may contribute to the development of respiratory distress.
BI-04 * PID1 IS A CHEMOTHERAPY SENSITIZER AND CANDIDATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: J. Xu, X. Ren, G. M. Shackleford, R. Moats, A. Erdreich-Epstein
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

We recently showed that medulloblastoma PID1 mRNA was highly correlated with survival (Erdreich-Epstein et al, Clinical Cancer Research 2014). PID1 mRNA was lower in Group 3 and Group 4 medulloblastoma and higher in SHH medulloblastoma. In cultured medulloblastoma cells we also showed that PID1 expression induced apoptosis, decreased proliferation and suppressed phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. PID1 also induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, while siRNA to PID1 decreased it. We now show that PID1 is growth inhibitory to medulloblastoma tumors in vivo: cerebellar granule neuron precursors from pups of our BarTeL Tva-based genetically-engineered mouse that were transduced ex vivo with Pid1/Shh/Mycn and injected into mouse cerebella grew slower than those transduced only with Shh/Mycn. This indicates that in addition to its growth inhibitory effects in culture, PID1 is also inhibitory to medulloblastoma growth in vivo. We hypothesized that the improved survival in patients whose tumors had higher PID1 mRNA reflected a higher sensitivity of these tumors to therapy. Indeed, in culture, transient transfection of PID1 augmented etoposide- and cisplatin-induced apoptosis compared to vector control combined with these drugs. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of PID mitigated the chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, indicating that some of the chemotherapy effect was mediated by PID1. Interestingly, cisplatin, etoposide and vincristine also increased PID1 mRNA in medulloblastoma cells, and this increase was blocked by NFkappaB inhibitors, BAY-117082 and JSH-23. Taken together, our data indicate that PID1 is a candidate tumor suppressor for medulloblastoma, and that it sensitizes medulloblastoma to chemotherapy in an NFkappaB-dependent manner.
SNP and haplotype mapping for genetic analysis in the rat
Authors: Kathrin Saar, Alfred Beck, Marie-Thérèse Bihoreau, Ewan Birney, Denise Brocklebank, Yuan Chen, Edwin Cuppen, Stephanie Demonchy, Joaquin Dopazo, Paul Flicek, Mario Foglio, Asao Fujiyama, Ivo G Gut, Dominique Gauguier, Roderic Guigo, Victor Guryev, Matthias Heinig, Oliver Hummel, Niels Jahn, Sven Klages, Vladimir Kren, Michael Kube, Heiner Kuhl, Takashi Kuramoto, Yoko Kuroki, Doris Lechner, Young-Ae Lee, Nuria Lopez-Bigas, G Mark Lathrop, Tomoji Mashimo, Ignacio Medina, Richard Mott, Giannino Patone, Jeanne-Antide Perrier-Cornet, Matthias Platzer, Michal Pravenec, Richard Reinhardt, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Markus Schilhabel, Herbert Schulz, Tadao Serikawa, Medya Shikhagaie, Shouji Tatsumoto, Stefan Taudien, Atsushi Toyoda, Birger Voigt, Diana Zelenika, Heike Zimdahl, Norbert Hubner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Should athletes be allowed to use performance enhancing drugs?
Authors: J. Savulescu, L. Creaney, A. Vondy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Although it is of great importance for healthcare professionals to ensure that patients' needs and concerns are valued and that they feel confident in the quality of the care they receive, there have been few studies specifically addressing the opinions, experiences and needs of patients with bronchiectasis, and more importantly the emotional impact of the disease, diagnosis and treatment. Using enterprise grade social listening tools, a comprehensive search around bronchiectasis was performed in five languages, on different social media platforms between January 2018 and December 2019 to obtain the perspectives of patients and caregivers from nine countries on symptoms, treatments and burden of the disease. Over 27 000 mentions of bronchiectasis were identified on social media channels, 38.8% of which were posted by patients and caregivers. Approximately 1600 posts were found on bronchiectasis symptoms, out of which persistent cough, shortness of breath and mucus production (22%, 20% and 18%, respectively) were the most commonly discussed. The research revealed that existing diagnostic tests often delay diagnosis or provide inaccurate results, leading to multiple rounds of consults and substantial delays in treatment initiation and management of the disease. Misdiagnosis was common across different age groups, especially among patients without severe symptoms, and this was associated with an emotional burden of anger, confusion, frustration and anxiety. Analysis of social media presents a new approach to derive insights on patients' experiences and emotions with bronchiectasis and has the potential to complement more traditional approaches to drive more patient-focused drug development.
Emergency X-Ray Examination in the Diagnosis of Severe Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Stefan C. Schatzki, William R. Blade
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

A CUTE and massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a serious and often life-threatening event. The necessity for early establishment of the actual site of bleeding has been a challenge to internists, surgeons, radiologists and other physicians for many years. Allen1 and Welch2 have emphasized the increased mortality with delayed surgery (often because the actual site of bleeding is not known) and have stressed the particular need for an accurate and immediately available diagnostic procedure in patients over fifty, in whom the mortality from bleeding is much greater than in younger persons. Jones,3 from an internist's point of view, states that proper . . .
Hypoxaemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients during a commercial flight
Authors: A. Akerø, C. C. Christensen, A. Edvardsen, O. H. Skjønsberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The aim of the study was to investigate hypoxaemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients during a commercial flight. The effect of a commercial flight, lasting 5 h 40 min, on arterial blood gas levels and symptoms in 18 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with a pre-flight percutaneous oxygen saturation of 94% and self-reported ability to walk 50 m without severe dyspnoea was studied. The arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) decreased from sea level to cruising altitude (10.3+/-1.2 versus 8.6+/-0.8 kPa), but, thereafter, except for one patient, remained stable throughout the flight. During light exercise, however, there was further desaturation (percutaneous oxygen saturation 90+/-4 versus 87+/-4%). After 4 h, a decrease in arterial carbon dioxide tension (5.0+/-0.4 versus 4.8+/-0.4 kPa) and an increase in cardiac frequency (87+/-13 versus 95+/-13 beats x min(-1)) were observed. A pre-flight Pa,O2 of >9.3 kPa did not secure an acceptable in-flight Pa,O2. Aerobic capacity showed the strongest correlation with in-flight Pa,O2. In conclusion, following an initial decrease in arterial oxygen tension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in a stable state of their disease seem to maintain a stable arterial oxygen tension throughout a flight of intermediate duration, except when walking along the aisle. However, a decrease in arterial carbon dioxide tension, indicating compensatory hyperventilation, could imply a risk of respiratory fatigue during longer flights.