tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vivo</i>and<i>In Vitro</i>Studies of a Novel Cytokine, Interleukin 4δ2, in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Keertan Dheda, Jung-Su Chang, Ronan A. M. Breen, Louise U. Kim, Jamanda A. Haddock, Jim F. Huggett, Margaret A. Johnson, Graham A. W. Rook, Alimuddin Zumla
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Tuberculosis progresses despite potent Th1 responses. A putative explanation is the simultaneous presence of a subversive Th2 response. However, interpretation is confounded by interleukin 4δ2 (IL-4δ2), a splice variant and inhibitor of IL-4. Objective: To study levels of mRNA encoding IL-4 and IL-4δ2, and their relationship to treatment and clinical parameters, in cells from lung lavage and blood from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: IL-4δ2, IFN-γ, IL-4, and soluble CD30 (sCD30) levels were measured by polymerase chain reaction and relevant immunoassays in 29 patients and matched control subjects lacking responses to tuberculosis-specific antigens. Results: mRNA levels for IL-4 and IL-4δ2 were elevated in unstimulated cells from blood and lung lavage of patients versus control subjects (p < 0.005). In control subjects, there were low basal levels of IL-4 and IL-4δ2 mRNA expressed mainly by non–T cells (p < 0.05). However, in patients, there were greater levels of mRNA for both cytokines in both T- and non–T-cell populations (p < 0.05 compared with control subjects). Radiologic disease correlated with the IL-4/IFN-γ ratio and sCD30 (p < 0.005). After chemotherapy, IL-4 mRNA levels remained unchanged, whereas IL-4δ2 increased in parallel with IFN-γ (p < 0.05). Sonicates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis upregulated expression of IL-4 relative to IL-4δ2 in mononuclear cell cultures from patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A Th2-like response, prominent in T cells and driven by tuberculosis antigen, is present in tuberculosis and modulated by treatment, suggesting a role for IL-4 and IL-4δ2 in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and their ratio as a possible marker of disease activity. The specific antigens inducing the IL-4 response require identification to facilitate future vaccine development strategies.
The Cytodiagnosis of Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Irwin N. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Careful digital examination of the prostate is one of the most rewarding cancer screening tests performed.<sup>19</sup>The detection of an area of induration or nodularity in the prostate is sufficient evidence that a malignant lesion may be present to warrant a biopsy. However, early curable carcinoma of the prostate may be present in a gland which the examiner feels is normal, uniformly enlarged, or "slightly abnormal." The microscopic examination of prostatic secretions may expand the diagnostic armamentarium of the clinician. Abnormal cells which suggest the presence of malignancy may alert the physician to the need for further evaluation and biopsy confirmation. Prostatic secretion for examination can be obtained in adequate amounts in most situations with minimum discomfort to the patient. Examination of prostatic fluid obtained by massage is preferred to the examination of urine. However, a voided urine specimen following massage may yield malignant cells when prostatic fluid is
Looking to Future of Genome Mapping, Sequencing
Authors: Jaan Kangilaski
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE HUMAN GENOME mapping and sequencing project is perhaps the prime example of an international project in medicine today (<i>JAMA</i>. 1988;260:2477). The project director, Nobelist James D. Watson, PhD, noted at the bicentennial conference (see accompanying article) that it may be possible to bring the cost down to as low as 50¢ a base pair (for the approximately 3-billion base-pair genetic message) "without any enormous technological breakthroughs in the 10-nation effort." Another speaker, George Poste, PhD, DVM, DSc, head of research and development, Smith Kline &amp; French Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pa, predicted that completion of the genetic dictionary will lead to compilation of "a protein dictionary for each cell type" for use against disease. However, he predicted, because of the cost, "technological self-sufficiency will not be possible, I would argue, in probably 5 to 10 years for any single pharmaceutical company." The way to work on some of these problems, he
THE CALM BEFORE THE STORM: FIVE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF ACS PATIENTS DEMONSTRATE A LATE STEEP INCREASE IN CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS – AN ACAP-ACS DATABASE ANALYSIS
Authors: Emad F. Aziz, Chaithanya Pamidimukala, Balaji Pratap, Joseph Bastawrose, Urvi Pai, Shuaib Mohamed, Ramya Bharathi, Taskheer Abbas, Joshua Aziz, Ammy Alburo, Fahad Javed, Alexandre Benjo, Eyal Herzog
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Childhood leukaemia and nuclear establishments
Authors: G A Harte
Journal: BMJ (1987)

none) or who have been so subsidised bv the manufacturers.What would happen if everv uni- versity hospital applied the same restrictions?More worrying to me is the fact that where local National Health Service management labours under the delusion that drugs account for a considerable proportion of the overall costs of anaesthesia and intensive care a new breed of second class university department is being created.In these days of dwindling independent sources of f'unds such departments can hope to keep in the forefront only by doing investigative work that the manufacturers want to support: exeunt academic and clinical freedom, arm in arm.
Reassessment of the Anurias after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: W. J. Dempster
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MEDICAL JOURNAL in a few cases, improvement may take place even if the diet is started later than this.However, there is also evidence that in older children who have not deteriorated too greatly the diet may cause improvement in mental development, neurological status, and social behaviour.It is not yet known for how long treatment should continue.There are an increasing number of reports indicating that the special diet has been discontinued without deleterious results, but until this work is fully confirmed no definite statement can be made.Available published information about the effects of treatment is still incomplete, though eight years have elapsed since the first publication of a practical dietary regime.The Conference wishes to emphasize the importance of using standardized methods of biochemical control and mental testing.It is regarded as essential that, in future, full opportunities should be provided for the collection of complete data on the progress of all cases reported in Britain.
On the choice of fluid for the hydration of middle-aged marathon runners.
Authors: T. Kavanagh, R. J. Shephard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

Nine subjects (five well-trained post-coronary patients and four other middle-aged joggers) paticipated in a 42 km "Marathon" race. The course was covered in an average of 212 minutes under pleasantly warm conditions (Maximum 21.7 degree C, 69% relative humidity). Subjects were given initial hyperhydration and repeated subsequent doses of water, "Erg" (Na+ 19mE/l K+ 10.7mE/l, glucose 5.3g/100 ml) or a "Special Solution" (during the race Na+ 21mE/1 glucose 4.1g/100 ml; after the race Na+ 20 mE/l, K+ 4.7mE/l., glucose 4.1 g/100 ml). Weight loss averaged 2.2 kg and sweat production 3.3l taking account of water liberated from the hydration of glycogen and the oxidation of food stuffs, it was estimated that most subjects suffered relatively little dehydration over the race (0.4--0.8l). This was confirmed by a sustained urine production of greater than 100ml/hr. Nevertheless, rectal temperatures showed substantial elevation over the race (final readings 38.3 - 40.2 degree C). In terms of fluid balance and stability of plasma mineral composition, the runners drinking water performed slightly better than those receiving the other two solutions. Nevertheless, there may be merit in giving potassium solutions during recovery from vigorous effort.
Malignant tumours and psoriasis: climatotherapy at theDead Sea
Authors: G. Frentz, J.H. Olsen, W.W. Avrach
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

In this retrospective, nation‐wide cohort study, the risk of cancer was assessed for 1738 Danish patients with psoriasis subjected to climatotherapy at the Dead Sea during 1972–93, by linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry. The overall risk of cancer in patients treated at the Dead Sea (standardized incidence ratio, SIR = 1·59) was higher than that expected in the general population, owing to an excess risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) [SIR = 4·2 for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 10·7 for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)]. In addition, the distribution of NMSC among body sites, age groups and sexes was unusual in those treated at the Dead Sea, favouring NMSC in young individuals and at multiple sites (SIR = 10·7 for BCC and 57·2 for SCC), multiple BCCs being particularly common among young women. Thus, people subjected to climatotherapy at the Dead Sea for psoriasis constitute a high‐risk group for NMSC, SCC in particular, but not for malignant diseases in general. The study design precludes conclusions on whether climatotherapy plays a specific part in skin carcinogenesis which is different from other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as climatotherapy is inevitably confounded by excess UV exposure.
Effects of Octreotide Treatment on Restenosis After Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Rainer von Essen, Ralf Ostermaier, Eberhard Grube, Wolfgang Mäurer, Ulrich Tebbe, Raimund Erbel, Michael Roth, Werner Oel, Joachim Brom, Gottfried Weidinger
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The VERAS study (VErringerung der Re- stenoserate nach Angioplastie durch ein Somatostatin-analogon [Prevention of Restenosis Following Angioplasty With a Somatostatin Analogue]) was a placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effects of octreotide for the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Octreotide is a somatostatin analogue with antiproliferative properties on smooth muscle cell growth in vitro that limits myointimal thickening of arteries in balloon injury models. Methods and Results Patients received either octreotide or placebo, starting 1 hour before angioplasty and continued for 3 weeks. The minimal luminal diameters before and after angioplasty and at 6-month follow-up were analyzed with a digital quantitative algorithm. Of the initial 274 patients recruited, 217 (108 in the octreotide group and 109 in the placebo group) could be analyzed after a complete 6-month evaluation: the minimal luminal diameters were 1.67±0.57 mm in the oc-treotide-treated group and 1.66±0.64 mm in the placebo group (two-paired P =.70), and the relative losses were 0.16±0.22 and 0.13±0.21 (two-paired P =.27). The restenosis rates were also identical in both treatment groups: final diameter stenosis ≥50% (34.3% versus 33.9%, two-paired P =1.0), loss of ≥50% of the initial gain (34.3% versus 33.9%, two-paired P =1.0), and absolute reduction of minimal luminal diameter &gt;0.72 mm (29.6% versus 24.8%, two-paired P =.45). Likewise, there was no difference with regard to the incidence of clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, bypass operations, reintervention). Octreotide was well tolerated, with the exception of gastrointestinal side effects, which were three times more common than in the placebo group. Conclusions Octreotide did not reduce the angiographically determined restenosis rate or the incidence of major clinical events after coronary angioplasty.
Research Ethics: Depression and Mortality in Nursing Homes
Authors: Greg A. Sachs
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Rovner et al<sup>1</sup>on depression and mortality in nursing homes raises important ethical issues concerning the conduct of research in nursing homes. Rovner et al report on the prevalence of major depressive disorder in residents newly admitted to eight nursing homes between February 1987 and March 1988. The investigators interviewed the residents and determined if they met the criteria for major depressive disorder, but they apparently did not divulge this information to the staff caring for the residents. Only 14.3% of the residents with depression had this diagnosis made by the nursing home physicians, and only 21.1% received antidepressant treatment. We assume that the remainder of the residents went untreated for the course of the study and continued to suffer from depression while being observed. Our primary question centers on how the researchers justified not revealing the diagnosis of depression to the
Clinical Application of Measurement of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Level
Authors: Theodore Shultz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Assay of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the sera of 69 patients demonstrated elevated levels in 19 of 22 (86%) of those with clinically active, biopsy-proved sarcoidosis. Patients with dormant sarcoidosis and generally those with various other disorders had normal levels. Elevated levels were also seen in six cases possibly representing sarcoid variants and in one case each of leprosy, carcinoma, tuberculosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and immunoblastic sarcoma. Although ACE is sensitive to active sarcoidosis, the presence of false-positive findings limits its diagnostic usefulness to an adjunctive role; the assay should be combined with medical evaluation and tissue biopsy in selected cases.
Single centre experience of use of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with doxorubicin eluting beads (DEB) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: K. Jamil, N. Fotiadis, D. Lowe, P. Kooner
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is evidence that TACE can prolong survival in patients with inoperable HCC, and DEB may provide even further benefit, with a favourable side effect profile. This is the first UK report of experience with this treatment modality. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors performed a retrospective analysis of all patients receiving TACE with DEB for HCC at The Royal London Hospital between January 2009 and April 2010. Data collected included patient demographics, aetiology of liver disease and tumour characteristics. The Child-Pugh Score, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, Cancer of the Liver Italian Programme (CLIP) score and Okuda stage were calculated. Complications following TACE were analysed and tumour response was assessed by 6-week post-treatment triphasic CT scanning (by mRECIST criteria). The authors also analysed overall survival to the end of follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> During the study period 14 patients received 21 cycles of TACE with DEB. There were 11 males (79%), and mean age was 64 years (SD 8.3). The main causes of liver disease were hepatitis C (29%), hepatitis B (21%), alcohol (21%). The median number of liver lesions was 2 (range 1–7), and the mean size of the largest lesion was 5 cm (range 1.2–11.2 cm). All patients had Child Pugh Score A5 to B7, and 71% were BCLC stage B or C. The median CLIP score was 1 (range 0–2), and 79% were Okuda stage 1. The mean Doxorubicin dose was 119 mg (range 37.5–150 mg). The only complications were postembolisation syndrome of pain and fever in one patient and a haematoma in one patient, requiring conservative treatment only. These resolved with no long-term sequelae. There were no episodes of neutropenia at day 10. All patients had a radiological response observed on the 6-week triphasic CT scan. Tumour response (mRECIST partial and complete) was observed in 76% of cases and after a mean follow-up of 8 months (range 1–16) 13 patients (93%) were alive. <h3>Conclusion</h3> TACE with DEB is a well tolerated and safe modality for treatment of inoperable HCC. This results demonstrate high rates of tumour response and a low complication rate. Further larger studies are warranted to evaluate this promising treatment.
UPDATE: A Computer Program for Converting Diagnoses to the New Nomenclature of the American Psychiatric Association
Authors: ROBERT L. SPITZER, LORETTA M. GILFORD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

A computer program to convert automated hospital and patient records from DSM-I diagnostic categories to those used in DSM-II has been developed; program listings are available on request from the authors. Since some diagnostic categories are not directly convertible, the methods used to surmount particular problems are explained.
Eliminating the Use of Partially Hydrogenated Oil in Food Production and Preparation
Authors: William H. Dietz, Kelley S. Scanlon
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Induction of dominant mutations that cause skeletal malformations in mice
Authors: Paul B. Selby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

A new approach for estimating genetic risk to humans from radiation is based upon an analysis of the frequency of induction of dominant mutations that cause skeletal abnormalities in mice. The main goal of this work is to improve estimates of the effect that an increase in the mutation frequency would have upon the incidence of serious genetic diseases in humans. The data obtained relate to dominant and irregularly inherited conditions in humans, which together constitute the great majority of human genetic diseases. The skeletal method could be used in chemical mutagenesis research in order to make a much more accurate risk-benefit analysis. A more likely application, however, is to provide a relatively quick and easy mammalian testing procedure for identifying mutagens. Dominant mutations at an unknown, but probably large, number of genetic loci could be detected. The relatively quick and easy procedure, which is described, has not yet been tested.
Hepatic 60-kD heat-shock protein responses in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: John Koskinas, Vivienne R. Winrow, George L. A. Bird, Johnson Y. N. Lau, Bernard C. Portmann, David R. Blake, Graeme J. M. Alexander, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The precise mechanism of the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis is unknown, but immune involvement may perpetuate and exacerbate the process. Heat-shock proteins, normally protective, may be immunogenic and have been shown to induce antibody formation in some inflammatory conditions. Alcohol, cellular hypoxia and tumor necrosis factor, all involved in alcoholic hepatitis, are potent inducers of heat-shock protein. In this study, we sought 60-kD heat-shock protein in liver tissue with a murine monoclonal antibody and measured circulating antibody to 60-kD heat-shock protein on ELISA. Fourteen of 20 livers from patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis expressed 60-kD heat-shock protein in hepatocyte cytoplasm in a diffuse pattern with superimposed clusters; other cell types were occasionally positive. Twelve of these patients had high-titer IgA 60-kD heat-shock protein antibody in serum. In contrast, 60-kD heat-shock protein was identified in only 2 of the 10 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis without hepatitis (p = 0.013). These two patients had severe liver disease, and one patient in this group was seropositive for IgA 60-kD heat-shock protein antibody. Eight alcoholic patients with fatty liver alone were negative for antigen, and all but one were negative for antibody. The 10 patients without liver damage were negative for antigen and antibody. The findings that 60-kD heat-shock protein is present in liver tissue of patients with acute alcoholic liver damage and that circulating IgA 60-kD heat-shock protein antibody levels are increased may point to one pathogenetic mechanism underlying development and progression of liver damage in alcoholic hepatitis.
Continuous Positive-Pressure Ventilation
Authors: DANIEL H. SIMMONS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1972Continuous Positive-Pressure VentilationDANIEL H. SIMMONS, M.D., PAUL S. KASNITZ, M.D.DANIEL H. SIMMONS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL S. KASNITZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-2-327 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the article "Continuous Positive-Pressure Ventilation: Effects on Systemic Oxygen Transport and Tissue Oxygenation" by Drs. Lutch and Murray (Ann Intern Med76:193-202, 1972). We agree that the effectiveness of this mode of therapy should be evaluated either in terms of its effect on systemic oxygen transport, the product of cardiac output and arterial oxygen content, or its effect on mixed venous oxygenation. The data, however, did not provide an adequate test of whether oxygen delivery would be affected by continuous positive-pressure (CPP) ventilation in severely hypoxemic patients. In addition, the errors involved in...References1. TUCKERMURRAY HJ: Effects of continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) on the distribution of cardiac output in dogs with induced lung disorders (abstracts). Clin Res 20:243, 1972 Google Scholar2. UZAWAASHBAUGH TD: Continuous positive-pressure breathing in acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. J Appl Physiol 26:427-432, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pulmonary Division Department of Medicine Center for the Health Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1972Volume 77, Issue 2Page: 327-328KeywordsCardiac outputOxygen Issue Published: 1 August 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...