tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Fibrates reduce risk for cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Raul D. Santos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club16 November 2010Review: Fibrates reduce risk for cardiovascular outcomesRaul D. Santos, MD, PhDRaul D. Santos, MD, PhDLipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.D.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-10-201011160-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationJun M, Foote C, Lv J, et al. Effects of fibrates on cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:1875-84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20462635Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: Neurology: References1 Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Di Angelantonio E, Sarwar N, Perry P. Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease. JAMA. 2009;302:1993-2000. [PMID: 19903920] Google Scholar2 Chapman MJ. Fibrates in 2003: therapeutic action in atherogenic dyslipidaemia and future perspectives. Atherosclerosis. 2003;171:1-13. [PMID: 14642400] Google Scholar3 Sacks FM, Carey VJ, Fruchart JC. Combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes (Letter). N Engl J Med. 2010;363:692-4. [PMID: 20842772] Google Scholar4 Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90, 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366:1267-78. [PMID: 16214597] Google Scholar5 Deedwania P, Barter P, Carmena R, et al. Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Treating to New Targets study. Lancet. 2006;368:919-28. [PMID: 16962881] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.D.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 November 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 November 2010Volume 153, Issue 10Page: JC5-11KeywordsBlood plasmaCoronary revascularizationDyslipidemiaLipidsMyocardial infarctionStatinsStroke ePublished: 16 November 2010 Issue Published: 16 November 2010 CopyrightCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Moments of Truth: Four Creators of Modern Medicine
Authors: Ioana Vlad
Journal: BMJ (2004)

None of the four 19th century medical personalities who are the subjects of this book won the Nobel prize, but all made important steps in the development of today's medicine. At a time when immediate auscultation and hippocratic succusion (holding patients by their shoulders and shaking them vigorously) were typical diagnostic procedures, the Frenchman Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope and introduced it to clinical practice. Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian obstetrician, proved that puerperal fever was a type of septicaemia and pioneered antiseptic obstetrics. The book's third part focuses on …
Myofibroblasts in reperfused myocardial infarcts express the embryonic form of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMemb)
Authors: N Frangogiannis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the cellular content of healing myocardial infarcts and study the phenotypic characteristics of fibroblasts during scar formation utilizing a canine model of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Methods: Ischemia/Reperfusion experiments were performed in dogs undergoing 1 h of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion intervals ranging from 5 h to 28 days. Fibrotic and control areas were studied using immunohistochemistry. Results: The healing ischemic and reperfused myocardium demonstrated significant proliferative activity peaking after 3 to 7 days of reperfusion, predominantly in myofibroblasts. The numbers of proliferating cells decreased during the maturation phase of the scar (PCNA index: 13.7±2.25% at 5 days vs. 4.8±1.1% at 28 days; P<0.05, n = 5). During the proliferative phase of healing (3–7 days) α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMAc) expression was markedly increased in the fibrotic areas. α-SMAc predominantly localized in myofibroblasts which were vimentin positive, smooth muscle myosin, calponin and desmin negative. We examined expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms in myofibroblasts infiltrating the healing areas and found a marked induction of the embryonal isoform of myosin heavy chain (SMemb) in α-SMAc positive spindle shaped cells in the border of the scar. Myofibroblasts did not express SM2, a marker for mature smooth muscle cells. In contrast myocardial arterioles were positive for SM2, but did not express SMemb. Conclusions: Healing myocardial infarcts undergo rapid changes in their content of myofibroblasts. During the proliferative phase fibroblasts undergo phenotypic changes leading to expression of contractile proteins such as α-SMAc, and production of SMemb, a marker for dedifferentiated smooth muscle cells. Expression of embryonic isoforms indicates dedifferentiation and allows the myofibroblast pool to serve as a versatile cell population, assuming different phenotypes depending on the physiological needs.
Geographic Variation in Cancer-Related Imaging: Veterans Affairs Health Care System Versus Medicare
Authors: J. Michael McWilliams, Jesse B. Dalton, Mary Beth Landrum, Austin B. Frakt, Steven D. Pizer, Nancy L. Keating
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Geographic variations in use of medical services have been interpreted as indirect evidence of wasteful care. Less overuse of services, however, may not be reliably associated with less geographic variation.
C-peptide replacement therapy as an emerging strategy for preventing diabetic vasculopathy
Authors: M. P. Bhatt, Y.-C. Lim, K.-S. Ha
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Lack of C-peptide, along with insulin, is the main feature of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and is also observed in progressive β-cell loss in later stage of Type 2 DM. Therapeutic approaches to hyperglycaemic control have been ineffective in preventing diabetic vasculopathy, and alternative therapeutic strategies are necessary to target both hyperglycaemia and diabetic complications. End-stage organ failure in DM seems to develop primarily due to vascular dysfunction and damage, leading to two types of organ-specific diseases, such as micro- and macrovascular complications. Numerous studies in diabetic patients and animals demonstrate that C-peptide treatment alone or in combination with insulin has physiological functions and might be beneficial in preventing diabetic complications. Current evidence suggests that C-peptide replacement therapy might prevent and ameliorate diabetic vasculopathy and organ-specific complications through conservation of vascular function, as well as prevention of endothelial cell death, microvascular permeability, vascular inflammation, and neointima formation. In this review, we describe recent advances on the beneficial role of C-peptide replacement therapy for preventing diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, impaired wound healing, and inflammation, and further discuss potential beneficial effects of combined C-peptide and insulin supplement therapy to control hyperglycaemia and to prevent organ-specific complications.
Urinary estrogen metabolites in patients at high risk for breast cancer.
Authors: A Im, V Vogel, G Ahrendt, S Lloyd, S Garte, C Ragin, E Taioli
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4080 Background:&amp;#x2028; Variations in estrogen metabolism may be associated with increased breast cancer risk. Women who have preferential metabolism via 16α-hydroxylation are reported to have a higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to women who have preferential metabolism via 2α-hydroxylation. Profiling estrogen metabolites may identify women who are more likely to develop breast cancer within a population of women with known risk factors. Our aim was to evaluate estrogen metabolism in a group of high risk women.&amp;#x2028; Methods:&amp;#x2028; Women were recruited from the Magee-Women's Hospital High Risk Breast Cancer program. Risk factors included first degree family history, atypia, fibrocystic breast disease, BRCA1/2, Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Urine 2:16 OHE ratios were compared among the high risk group, an average risk control group, and a group of women with breast cancer. We also evaluated the relationship between urine 2:16 OHE ratios and epidemiological risk factors including BMI, alcohol use, smoking history and first degree family history.&amp;#x2028; Results:&amp;#x2028; There were 65 high risk patients, 30 breast cancer patients, and 41 controls. The Kruskaul-Wallis rank test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for analysis. There was a significant difference in 2:16 OHE ratios among all three groups, p=0.0001. Urine 2:16 OHE ratios were lower in the high risk group (median 1.15) compared to the control group (2.22), p=0.00, and were lower in the breast cancer group (1.09) compared to the controls, p=0.00. There was a difference in BMI among all three groups, p=0.002. Overall, the 2:16 OHE ratio was positively associated with BMI, p=0.0006, and with alcohol use, p=0.02. Smoking history did not differ among all groups, and there was no association between smoking history and 2:16 OHE ratio. Within the high risk group, family history was not associated with 2:16 OHE ratio.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions:&amp;#x2028; Our research suggests that there is an association between lower urine 2:16 OHE ratios and high risk breast cancer. This association may be linked to specific risk factors such as BMI and alcohol use. This information may help to further elucidate the clinical relevance of using urinary 2:16 OHE ratios as clinical markers and prognostic indicators in this population. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4080.
Characterization Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (asd) Requiring Intravenous Immunoglobulin (ivig) For Specific Polysaccharide Antibody Deficiency (spad)/hypogammaglobulinemia - Distinct Patterns Of Cytokine Production And Gene Expression Profiles
Authors: H. Jyonouchi, L. Geng, S. Kapoor, D. Streck, G. Toruner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Hero Worship and the Propagation of Fallacies
Authors: C. S. BUTLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 February 1932Hero Worship and the Propagation of Fallacies(Lessons from the Lives of Jean Astruc and John Hunter)* †C. S. BUTLER, M.D., F.A.C.P.C. S. BUTLER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-8-1033 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGabriel LeClerc in the year 1692 wrote a compend entitled "La Chirurgie Complete" which, according to Garrison went through eighteen editions. The fourth edition was translated into English in 1707, and we will quote part of the title-page of this because of its pleasing quaintness of diction: "The Compleat Surgeon: or the Whole Art of Surgery explain'd in a most familiar method. Containing an exact account of its principles and several parts, viz. Of the bones, muscles, tumours, ulcers, and wounds, simple and complicated, or those by gun-shot; As also of VenerealDiseases, the Scurvy, Fractures, Luxations, and all sorts...References1 CLENDENING L: History of certain instruments, Ann. Int. Med., 1930, iv, 176-189. LinkGoogle Scholar2 MANSON-BAHR PH: Yaws, Brit. Jr. Ven. Dis., 1928, iv, 44-54. Google Scholar3 MANSON-BAHR : Tropical diseases, 1929, William Wood and Company, New York, p. 500. Google Scholar4 CASTELLANICHALMERS AAJ: Frambesia tropica, (Yaws), The practice of medicine in the tropics, Byam and Archibald, 1922, ii, Henry Frowde and Hodder and Stoughton, London, p. 1309. Google Scholar5 FOX H: Yaws (frambesia tropica) as observed in Haiti, Arch. Dermat. and Syph., 1929, xx, 820-834. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6 MACLEOD JM: Contribution to the histo-pathology of yaws, Brit. Med. Jr., 1901, 797-803. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: C. S. BUTLER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: U.S. Navy U.S. Naval Hospital Brooklyn, N.Y.*Read at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 20th, 1931.†Received for publication, November 2, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1932Volume 5, Issue 8Page: 1033-1038KeywordsBoneMusclesSexually transmitted diseasesSurgeonsSurgeryUlcers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects on birth weight of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial stress.
Authors: O. G. Brooke, H. R. Anderson, J. M. Bland, J. L. Peacock, C. M. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the effects of smoking, alcohol, and caffeine consumption and socio-economic factors and psychosocial stress on birth weight. DESIGN--Prospective population study. SETTING--District general hospital in inner London. PARTICIPANTS--A consecutive series of 1860 white women booking for delivery were approached. 136 Refused and 211 failed to complete the study for other reasons (moved, abortion, subsequent refusal), leaving a sample of 1513. Women who spoke no English, booked after 24 weeks, had insulin dependent diabetes, or had a multiple pregnancy were excluded. MEASUREMENTS--Data were obtained by research interviewers at booking (general health questionnaire, modified Paykel9s interview, and Eysenck personality questionnaire) and at 17, 28, and 36 weeks9 gestation and from the structured antenatal and obstetric record. Variables assessed included smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, and over 40 indicators of socio-economic state and psychosocial stress, including social class, tenure of accommodations, education, employment, income, anxiety and depression, stressful life events, social stress, social support, personality, and attitudes to pregnancy. Birth weight was corrected for gestation and adjusted for maternal height, parity, and baby9s sex. MAIN RESULTS--Smoking was the most important single factor (5% reduction in corrected birth weight). Passive smoking was not significant (0.5% reduction). After smoking was controlled for, alcohol had an effect only in smokers and the effects of caffeine became non-significant. Only four of the socioeconomic and stress factors significantly reduced birth weight and these effects became non-significant after smoking was controlled for. CONCLUSIONS--Social and psychological factors have little or no direct effect on birth weight corrected for gestational age (fetal growth), and the main environmental cause of its variation in this population was smoking.
Semaphorin 3E Suppresses Tumor Cell Death Triggered by the Plexin D1 Dependence Receptor in Metastatic Breast Cancers
Authors: Jonathan Luchino, Mélanie Hocine, Marie-Claude Amoureux, Benjamin Gibert, Agnès Bernet, Amélie Royet, Isabelle Treilleux, Patrick Lécine, Jean-Paul Borg, Patrick Mehlen, Sophie Chauvet, Fanny Mann
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Patient With Coronary Stents Needs Surgery
Authors: Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Subhash Banerjee
Journal: JAMA (2013)

One of the most common questions interventional cardiologists are being asked is: �My patient needs surgery and has a coronary stent; should I clear him/her for surgery and what should I do about the antiplatelet therapy?� With approximately 1 in 5 patients undergoing noncardiac surgery within 2 years after receiving a stent,1 this will continue to be a frequent question in the years to come.

The fact that this question is being asked is encouraging and reflects that most physicians are aware of the possibility of perioperative stent thrombosis, a severe and sometimes life-threatening complication that can occur when patients with coronary stents undergo surgery.2 Perioperative stent thrombosis is the result of several factors, such as incomplete stent endothelialization, antiplatelet therapy discontinuation, and the prothrombotic state caused by surgery, and carries significant morbidity and mortality.2
A 39-year follow-up of the U.K. oil refinery and distribution center studies: results for kidney cancer and leukemia.
Authors: L Rushton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

This paper presents briefly some of the principal results of a mortality analysis of a cohort of workers employed for at least 1 year between 1950 and 1975 at eight oil refineries and approximately 750 distribution centers in the U.K., together with detailed results for kidney cancer and leukemia. Over 99% of the workers were successfully traced. Their mortality was compared with that of all males in the national population. The mortality from all causes of death is lower than that of the comparison population in both studies, and reduced mortality is also found for many of the major nonmalignant causes of death. In the refinery study, some increased mortality patterns are found for diseases of the arteries, and no healthy worker effect is found in the distribution center study for ischemic heart disease. Mortality from all neoplasms is lower than expected overall in both studies, largely due to a deficit of deaths from malignant neoplasm of the lung. Mortality from malignant neoplasm of the kidney is increased overall in the distribution center study, and in drivers in particular. The mortality from this disease increases with increased time since first exposure. The observed deaths from leukemia are slightly less than expected in the refinery study and slightly more than expected in the distribution center study. One refinery shows increased mortality due to in myeloid leukemia, and mortality is increased among refinery operators. Mortality is also raised in distribution center drivers, particularly for myeloid leukemias, including acute myeloid leukemia.
Portal Hypertension Without Cirrhosis in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: TELFER B. REYNOLDS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

In alcoholic liver disease vascular distortion by the regenerative nodule may not be a satisfactory explanation for the sinusoidal or postsinusoidal location of the vascular resistance postulated from the findings at hepatic vein catheterization. Diffuse collagen deposition in the central portion of the liver lobule after cellular injury may be a more important mechanism. Twenty-eight patients were studied with acute alcoholic liver damage, a pathologic diagnosis of acute sclerosing hyaline necrosis, and a clinical syndrome consisting of tender hepatomegaly, jaundice, fever, abdominal pain, leukocytosis, and often ascites. Microscopic features included evidence of cellular damage, alcoholic hyalin, polymorphonuclear infiltration, and collagen deposition, predominantly centrolobularly. Regenerative nodules were not seen microscopically, and in 19 patients the liver surface was smooth when viewed at peritoneoscopy, autopsy, or surgery. All patients had portal hypertension, evidenced by elevated, wedged hepatic vein pressure (range, 6 to 20 mm Hg; mean, 13.6 mm Hg above vena caval pressure). Esophageal varices were seen in 13 patients.
Abstract 3131: Recurrence of cervical cancer following PR agonist withdrawal in mice
Authors: Fabiola Mehta, Salil Ojha, Sang-Hyuk Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The majority of human cervical cancers are associated with the high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Their tumorigenic potential stems mainly from viral oncogenes E6 and E7, which are best known to inactivate p53 and pRb tumor suppressor, respectively. Epidemiological studies, however, have suggested that persistent HPV infections are not sufficient and other cofactors are necessary for the progression of the disease. Prior studies using HPV transgenic mice expressing E6 and E7 under the control of K14 promoter (K14E6/K14E7) have demonstrated the requirement of estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) for the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer. It was also shown that inhibition of ERα is effective in both treating and preventing cervical cancer in the HPV transgenic mouse model. Another female sex hormone, progesterone, functions through the progesterone receptor (PR), which is a direct transcriptional target of ERα. PR and ERα are transcription factors, members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. We recently demonstrated that a PR agonist, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), is efficient in regressing cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in vivo. This result suggests that PR has an anti-tumorigenic activity in the context of ERα-dependent cervical cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether cervical cancer recurs after stopping MPA treatment using the same mouse model. Consistent with our previous publication, all K14E6/K14E7 double transgenic mice treated with estrogen for 6 months had cervical cancer, which regressed when treated with MPA for 2 months. When the mice were re-treated for 2 months with estrogen after MPA treatment, cervical cancer was observed in all mice. Interestingly, the cancer was also present in all mice that were left untreated for 2 months after MPA treatment. These results suggest that cervical cancer recurs if MPA treatment is ceased. The mice bearing recurring cancer were treated with MPA again for 2 months. It was interesting that the cancer remained in 6 of 7 mice, although cancers deemed smaller than those recurred. Further analyses of these cancers are warranted. Taken together, we conclude that cervical cancer recurred once MPA was withdrawn and recurring cancers partially responded to MPA. It implies that MPA treatment regimen used in the study did not eliminate all cancerous cells. Our results suggest that, if translatable to women, continuation of MPA treatment will be warranted to prevent the recurrence of cervical cancer. Citation Format: Fabiola Mehta, Salil Ojha, Sang-Hyuk Chung. Recurrence of cervical cancer following PR agonist withdrawal in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3131. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3131
A call to arms: Somatosensory perception and action
Authors: Gerry Leisman, Robert Melillo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Somatosensory processing for action guidance can be dissociated from perception and memory processing. The dorsal system has a global bias and the ventral system has a local processing bias. Autistics illustrate the point, showing a bias for part over wholes. Lateralized differences have also been noted in these modalities. The multi-modal dysfunction observed may suggest more an issue of interhemispheric communication.