tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Na+-dependent bile salt uptake by WIF-B cells, a rat hepatoma hybrid cell line, following growth in the presence of a physiological bile salt
Authors: Elisa M. Konieczko, Amy K. Ralston, Aleta R. Crawford, Saul J. Karpen, James M. Crawford
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Although bile salts are toxic to the liver at high plasma concentrations, the effects of physiological concentrations of bile salts on normal hepatic function are poorly understood. We examined the effect of taurocholate (TC) on the basolateral uptake of [ 3 H]TC in WIF-B cells, a hybrid cell line stably exhibiting in vitro the structural and functional polarity of hepatocytes. Cells were grown in the absence or presence of TC (50 μmol/L) over 12 days, and then incubated with [ 3 H]TC concentrations ranging from 1 to 250 μmol/L. For both control and TC-grown cells, uptake of [ 3 H]TC was linear over 2 minutes. In control cells, the K m for [ 3 H]TC Na + -dependent uptake over 1 minute was 6 ± 5 μmol/L, and the V max was 45 ± 6 pmol TC/mg protein/min (± SEM). TC-grown cells exhibited no significant change in K m but showed a doubling of V max to 87 ± 6 pmol TC/mg protein/min ( P &lt; .005). In both control and TC-grown cells, maximal uptake of [ 3 H]TC occurred following 10 to 12 days in culture, with TC-grown cells consistently showing greater rates of [ 3 H]TC uptake from 4 to 14 days in culture. Western blots immunostained for the basolateral Na + -dependent plasma membrane protein, ntcp, revealed the appropriate ≈50-kd band in control and TC-grown cells, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated staining along the basolateral plasma membrane. Northern blots hybridized with a cDNA probe directed against ntcp indicated a modest TC-induced increase in mRNA levels. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using RNA isolated from WIF-B cells and oligonucleotide primers specific for rat ntcp or human NTCP transcripts revealed only the presence of the rat ntcp transcript. We conclude that bile salts, at concentrations normally found in mammalian portal blood, may be capable of promoting enhanced hepatocellular bile salt uptake via an increase in basolateral Na + -dependent plasma membrane transport capacity.
Mixed Blessings: Intensive Care for Newborns
Authors: Joan E. Hodgman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This important book by nonphysicians looks into an area usually closed to the public. In the last decade, newborn intensive care has become the third-highest income producer in the United States. More than 10% of all infants born spend some time in a newborn intensive care unit (NICU); for a few, the stay lasts weeks or months. This book analyzes the organization of these units and considers the viewpoint of both the professionals who work in the units and the institution of which the unit is a part. The role of the social workers and psychologists in newborn care is not neglected. The authors consider the infant patient both as an integral part of the organization and as an individual. The parents' needs are explored thoroughly. One chapter compares national and international methods of newborn intensive care. The book
IL-21 mediates apoptosis through up-regulation of the BH3 family member BIM and enhances both direct and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro
Authors: Aruna Gowda, Julie Roda, Syed-Rehan A. Hussain, Asha Ramanunni, Trupti Joshi, Susan Schmidt, Xiaoli Zhang, Amy Lehman, David Jarjoura, William E. Carson, Wayne Kindsvogel, Carolyn Cheney, Michael A. Caligiuri, Susheela Tridandapani, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2008)
The Roadside Waver
Authors: Joseph E. Hardison
Journal: JAMA (1983)

I frequently travel a state highway through the farmland of north Georgia. The road is well traveled for a rural road because it is near Atlanta. There used to be a man who sat on a hill by the road where he could easily see and be seen by the passing motorists. He sat on a small cushion that he placed on top of a gallon tin can, a tin can I imagined once contained the syrupy halves of Alberta peaches. He wore overalls, a flannel shirt, and brogans. He always seemed to be there. I found myself looking forward to seeing him because he always waved and smiled at me and I always waved and smiled back at him. I thought of him as my friend. I wondered many times why he was there, but never stopped to ask anyone because I was afraid of knowing the real reason.
Intracardiac Electrogram T-Wave Alternans/Variability Increases Before Spontaneous Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Patients
Authors: Charles Swerdlow, Theodore Chow, Mithilesh Das, Anne M. Gillis, Xiaohong Zhou, Athula Abeyratne, Raja N. Ghanem
Journal: Circulation (2011)

T-wave alternans (TWA) increases before ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF), suggesting that it may warn of VT/VF in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. Recently, we described a method for measuring alternans and nonalternans variability (TWA/V) from electrograms (EGMs) stored in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators before VT/VF. The goal of this prospective, multicenter study was to determine whether EGM TWA/V was greater before VT/VF than at baseline.We enrolled 63 implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. TWA/V was computed from stored EGMs before spontaneous VT/VF and from sequential windows of 8 pairs of beats using 4 different control recordings: baseline rhythm, rapid pacing at 105 bpm, segments of ambulatory Holter EGMs matched to the time of VT/VF episodes, and EGMs before spontaneous supraventricular tachycardia. During follow-up, 28 patients had 166 episodes of VT/VF. TWA/V was greater before VT/VF (62.9 ± 3.1 μV; n = 28) than during baseline rhythm (12.8 ± 1.8 μV; P < 0.0001; n = 62), during rapid pacing (14.5 ± 2.0 μV; P < 0.0001; n = 52), before supraventricular tachycardia (27.5 ± 6.1 μV; P < 0.0001; n = 9), or during time-matched ambulatory controls (12.3 ± 3.5 μV; P < 0.0001; n = 16). By logistic regression, the odds of VT/VF increased by a factor of 2.2 for each 10-μV increment in TWA/V (P < 0.0001).In implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients, EGM TWA/V is greater before spontaneous VT/VF than in control recordings. Future implantable cardioverter-defibrillators that measure EGM TWA/V continuously may warn patients and initiate pacing therapies to prevent VT/VF.
219. Prolonged Bioactive Transgene Expression Driven by the HSV Latency Active Promoter 2 (LAP2) in the Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Munmun Chattopadhyay, Darren P. Wolfe, William C. Goins, Shaohua Huang, Joseph C. Glorioso, Marina Mata, David J. Fink
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
We have previously demonstrated in subacute experiments lasting up to 2 months that HSV-mediated transfer of neurotrophin genes to dorsal root ganglion by peripheral subcutaneous inoculation can prevent the progression of neuropathy caused by pyridoxine (PDX), cisplatin or diabetes in rodents. In order to further examine the duration of biologically active transgene expression we compared non-replicating HSV vectors expressing nerve growth factor (NGF) under the control of the HCMV IEp (SHN) or HSV LAP2 (SLN), and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) under the control of LAP2 (QL2NT3) or a LAP2-HCMV fusion promoter (QL2HNT3), and a control lacZ expressing vector (SHZ) in a delayed model of PDX neuropathy.

Each animal received 25 μl containing 25 × 106 pfu of SHN, SLN, QL2HNT3, QL2NT3, or the control vector SHZ in a single subcutaneous injection under the skin of the plantar surface of each hind paw. Six months after vector inoculation neuropathy was induced by injection of PDX twice a day for 8 days, and the animals assessed for neuropathy by electrophysiologic, behavioral and histologic parameters 7 days later.

Rats intoxicated with PDX, or intoxicated and treated with QOZHG had no detectable H reflex. Animals inoculated with SHN had a dramatic reduction in H-wave amplitude. Animals inoculated with QL2HNT3, QL2NT3, or SLN 6 months prior to intoxication showed substantial preservation of the H-wave (SLN: 0.71 ± 0.2 mV; QL2HNT3: 1.35 ± 0.09 mV; QL2NT3: 1.28 ± 0.18 mV). The evoked sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) was markedly decreased in amplitude in rats intoxicated with PDX compared to control (control 22.03 ± 0.7 μV, PDX 8.3 ± 0.6 μV). Animals transduced with QL2HNT3, QL2NT3 and SLN but not SHN 6 months prior to intoxication showed substantial preservation of SNAP (SLN: 13.9 ± 2.7 μV; QL2HNT3 16.8 ± 1.2 μV; QL2NT3: 17.7 ± 1.5 μV). Control animals with normal proprioceptive function had no difficulty traversing a narrow beam. Animals intoxicated with PDX experienced substantial difficulty, recording an average of 15 slips from the beam during the test period, as did animals inoculated with SHN (13.25 ± 0.9 slips). Rats transduced with QL2HNT3, QL2NT3 and SLN performed substantially better than PDX-only animals both qualitatively and quantitatively (SLN: 5.8 ± 0.8 slips; QL2HNT3: 5 ± 0.5 slips; QL2NT3: 5 ± 0.7 slips). The sciatic nerve from animals transduced with QOZHG was indistinguishable from the nerve of PDX treated animals, while the sciatic nerve of vector treated animals except SHN showed preservation of normal nerve morphology. These results demonstrate that the HSV LAP2 element produces prolonged expression biologically active transgenes from latent HSV vector genomes in the DRG at levels sufficient to prevent the development of neuropathy up to 6 months after inoculation.
Erythrocyte Sodium-Potassium-ATPase and Sodium Transport in Obesity
Authors: M. A. Mir, B. M. Charalambous, K. Morgan, P. J. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

OBESITY, or stored energy in the form of excess fat, is a physical expression of a positive energy balance. From time to time, arguments against such a truism have arisen, mainly because most dietetic surveys have failed to show that obese people eat more than lean people do. Apart from many difficulties experienced by various investigators in reliably measuring energy intake and expenditure,1 an important reason for the ability of some lean subjects to eat more than obese people may involve their energy expenditure for various cell functions of the body. For example, the well-known sodium pump may vary in . . .
The related FLT4, FLT1, and KDR receptor tyrosine kinases show distinct expression patterns in human fetal endothelial cells.
Authors: A Kaipainen, J Korhonen, K Pajusola, O Aprelikova, M G Persico, B I Terman, K Alitalo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The growth factor receptors expressed on endothelial cells are of special interest because of their potential to program endothelial cell growth and differentiation during development and neovascularization in various pathological states, such as wound healing and angiogenesis associated with tumorigenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor ([VEGF] also known as vascular permeability factor) is a potent mitogen and permeability factor, which has been suggested to play a role in embryonic and tumor angiogenesis. The newly cloned FLT4 receptor tyrosine kinase gene encodes a protein related to the VEGF receptors FLT1 and KDR/FLK-1. We have here studied the expression of FLT4 and the other two members of this receptor family in human fetal tissues by Northern and in situ hybridization. These results were also compared with the sites of expression of VEGF and the related placenta growth factor (PlGF). Our results reveal FLT4 mRNA expression in vascular endothelial cells in developing vessels of several organs. A comparison of FLT4, FLT1 and KDR/FLK-1 receptor mRNA signals shows overlapping, but distinct expression patterns in the tissues studied. Certain endothelia lack one or two of the three receptor mRNAs. These data suggest that the receptor tyrosine kinases encoded by the FLT gene family may have distinct functions in the regulation of the growth/differentiation of blood vessels.
Abstract 388: Inhibition of IL-17 in tumor tissue suppressed tumor growth via anti-angiogenesis and CTL activation
Authors: Keiji Hayata, Makoto Iwahashi, Toshiyasu Ojima, Masahiro Katsuda, Takeshi Iida, Mikihito Nakamori, Kentaro Ueda, Masaki Nakamura, Motoki Miyazawa, Hiroki Yamaue
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract [Purpose]It remains controversial whether IL-17 promotes or inhibits cancer progression in tumor bearing mice. We hypothesized that IL-17 locally produced in tumor microenvironment had an important role on tumor growth. Therefore, we investigated inhibition of IL-17 by siRNA in only tumor sites using wild type mice have an effect on tumor progression.[Methods]Adenoviral vector encoding the siRNA against mouse IL-17 gene (Ad-IL-17 siRNA) was generated by the COS-TPC method. MC38 cells or B16 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice, and at day 5, 8, 11 or at day 7,10,13 Ad-IL-17 siRNA with 1 × 109 MOI were injected intratumorally into mice. [Results]Intratumoral injection of Ad-IL-17 siRNA significantly suppressed tumor growth in both tumor models compared with control mice. We confirmed that intratumoral administration of Ad-IL17 siRNA completely suppressed endogenous IL-17 protein expression in tumor sites. To investigate the mechanisms of tumor growth suppression by inhibition of IL-17, in term of the angiogenesis we performed immunohistochemical staining of CD31 and MMP-9. Intratumoral injection of Ad-IL-17 siRNA significantly suppressed CD31 expression and MMP-9 expression in tumor tissue. Next, to investigate the effect of the inhibition of IL-17 in tumor tissue on systemic and local anti-tumor immunity, we assessed CTL activities of CD8+ T cells from splenocytes or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The cytotoxic activities in CD8+ T cells from TILs in mice treated with intratumoral injection of Ad-IL-17 siRNA were significantly higher than those in control mice, but not splenocytes. To identify why the mechanism of the enhanceing effect on CTL activity by the inhibition of IL-17, especially in tumor microenvironment, we examined the Th1/Th2 phenotype from splenocytes or TILs. The levels of IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells from TILs were significantly higher in Ad-IL-17 siRNA-injected mice compared with those in control mice, but not splenocytes. On the other hand IL-4+ CD4+ T cells from TILs and splenocytes were similar levels in both mice.[Conclusion]The suppression of IL-17 expression in tumor tissues improved the immunological tumor microenvironment by shifting to Th1 dominant environment, resulting in CTL activation in tumor sites. It was suggested that the blockage of IL-17 in tumor tissue contributed to suppressing tumor growth via the inhibition of angiogenesis as well as CTL activation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 388. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-388
Lupus Nephritis and Renal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: MUHAMMAD ASIM KHAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 January 1977Lupus Nephritis and Renal Vein ThrombosisMUHAMMAD ASIM KHAN, M.D., M.R.C.P., EDMOND S. RICANATI, M.D., M. J. CHUNG PARK, M.D.MUHAMMAD ASIM KHAN, M.D., M.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, EDMOND S. RICANATI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. J. CHUNG PARK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-114_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Having read the paper by Appel and colleagues (Ann Intern Med 85:310-317, 1976), we wish to report a case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis who developed bilateral renal vein thrombosis.A 46-year-old woman complained of painful joints in 1973. She had a history of photosensitivity and alopecia. At physical examination she had low grade fever, several small tender trythematous papules on hands and feet, frontal alopecia, and synovitis involving shoulders, elbows, wrists, and metacarpophalangeal joints. Laboratory studies showed a hematocrit value of 30%; leukocyte count, 4800/mm3; BUN, 21 mg/dl; creatinine, 1.1 mg/dl; albumin,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital 3395 Scranton Road Cleveland, OH 44109 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRenal vein thrombosis and inferior vena cava thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus 1 January 1977Volume 86, Issue 1Page: 114-114KeywordsCreatinineElbowFeversHematocritLupus erythematosusLupus nephritisNephritisResearch laboratoriesShouldersVeins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Computer description of colours in dermoscopic melanocytic lesion images reproducing clinical assessment
Authors: S. Seidenari, G. Pellacani, C. Grana
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background The assessment of colours is essential for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma (MM), both for pattern analysis on dermoscopic images, and when employing semiquantitative methods. Objectives To develop a computer program for colour assessment in MM images mimicking the human perception of lesion colours, and to compare the automatic colour evaluation with one performed by human observers. Methods A colour palette comprising six colour groups (black, dark brown, light brown, blue–grey, red and white) was created by selecting single colour components inside melanocytic lesion images acquired by means of a digital videomicroscope, and was implemented in the image analysis program. Subsequently, colours were assessed by the computer program on 331 melanocytic lesion images composing our image database, and the results were compared with the evaluation of lesion colours performed by the clinician. Results The black, white and blue–grey colours were more frequently found in MMs than in naevi, both by the clinicians and by the computer. In MM images we observed 4·27 ± 1·14 colours (mean ± SD) per lesion, as opposed to 3·22 ± 0·68 in naevi. The correlation between clinical and computer evaluation of the colours was very good, with a value of 0·781 for overall assessment. Conclusions This innovative method for automatic colour evaluation, reproducing clinical assessment of melanocytic lesion colours, may provide numerical parameters to be employed for computer‐aided diagnosis of MM.
Calcium metabolism in acromegaly.
Authors: J. Brown, F. R. Singer
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MED&CLJOUNALof calcified cartilage together with somewhat porotic bone that causes these bones to be rather more brittle than usual.The contrast between the abnormal enchondral ossification and normal periosteal ossification has been demonstrated on a number of occasions in radiographs of the spine, where vertical sectors of vertebrae are formed by the enchondral and lateral sectors by the perio- steal mechanism.Since the underlying biochemical defect is in the organic matrix of the growth cartilage, this is unaffected by a diet severely restricted in calcium, although patients may suffer other metabolic disturbances as a result of the unbalanced diet.-Iam, etc., K. LITTLE.
Psychosocial aspects of mastectomy: I. the women's perspective
Authors: David K. Wellisch, Kay R. Jamison, Robert O. Pasnau
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors administered a questionnaire to 41 women who had had mastectomies to investigate aspects of the procedure itself, pre- and postmastectomy adjustment, effects on sexual relationships, and the influence of age. Although most women reported good overall adjustment, there were strong indications of psychological suffering (suicidal ideation, increased use of alcohol and tranquilizers, etc.). Psychological intervention may be called for in many cases, and age, support systems, and premorbid functioning may be indicators of the amount and type of intervention needed. Counseling is particularly important before surgery, since this was viewed as the period of maximum stress by most women. Further research with larger, more random samples and postsurgical control groups is indicated to determine more precisely the factors related to adjustment to mastectomy.
Is Type 1 Diabetes Transmissible by Bone Marrow Allograft?
Authors: Michael E. Beard, Jinny A. Willis, Russell S. Scott, Jeff W. Nesbit
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

A review of the medical literature suggests that type 1 diabetes in a bone marrow allograft donor may be transmitted to the recipient after a successful transplant (1,2). We report a 21-year follow-up after a successful allograft for aplastic anemia. The donor had type 1 diabetes at the time of transplant. The recipient has developed a number of antibodies against pancreatic islet cells, and although these have persisted for a number of years, she has not developed diabetes.

A 6-year-old Caucasian girl presented in 1976 with aplastic anemia. She showed a partial response to androgens, but this was not sustained, and in 1979 she received a bone marrow transplant (BMT) from her HLA-matched male sibling, who was 3 years older and had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes 7 years earlier. Both patients were group O Rh (D) positive and HLA-A1, -2, -B8, and MLC nonreactive. The transplant procedure and the progress post-BMT have already been published (3). Full donor engraftment of the hemopoietic system has been documented on a number of occasions over the past 21 years. …
Comparative Animal Physiology
Authors: Jeanette C. Opsahl
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book encompasses a broad survey of the physiological mechanisms to be found among animals ranging from protozoans through mammals. The physiological phenomena are interpreted in terms of their phylogenetic distributions and their specializations for dealing with the specific demands placed upon the organism by its particular habits and habitats. The text is organized on a functionalsystem basis rather than phylogenetically. The first half of the volume deals with the general adaptations of the organism to its environment with special reference to water, inorganic ions, nutritional factors, metabolic and excretory pathways, oxygen, and temperature. The second half is concerned with mechanisms of response and integration and deals with the various receptive capacities, effector phenomena, and with hormonal and neural integration. As a consequence of the evolutionary and ecological interpretation of the variations among physiological systems, one gains an appreciation of the intimate functional association between animal species and the physical
French guidelines are withdrawn after court finds potential bias among authors
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The highest administrative court in France has ruled that guidelines issued by the French Health Authority must be withdrawn immediately because of potential bias and undeclared conflicts of interest among the authors. Other guidelines are also being reviewed and will be withdrawn if similar problems emerge, the authority has said.

The French Council of State (Conseil d’Etat) made the ruling on 27 April, two years after doctors with the non-profit organisation Formindep (Formation Independante) charged that the guideline development process for the authority’s guidelines on type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease “contravened national law on conflicts of interests and the agency’s own internal rules.”

In a news release issued on 20 June Formindep stated …