tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PHARMACOLOGIC FETISHISMSA SECOND CONTRIBUTION
Authors: WILFRED M. BARTON
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Last April I had the honor of reading before the Georgetown Medical Society a paper with the above title, which was an attempt to refute the following therapeutic delusions: (1) that olive-oil will dissolve gall-stones; (2) that valerian is valuable in hysteria; (3) that tannic acid will stop internal hemorrhage; (4) that alcohol and ether hypodermically injected are indicated in shock and collapse; (5) that colchicum cures gout; (6) that the anilin dyes are tissue antiseptics; (7) that epinephrin given by the stomach or hypodermically acts as a heart stimulant; (8) that potassium iodid will affect the scleroses; (9) that chlorate of potassium will curestomatitis; (10) that the hypophosphites and phosphates are beneficial in neurasthenic and adynamic states; (11) that lithium salts are indicated in the uric acid diathesis; and (12) that calcium salts will stop internal bleeding. The article was published,<sup>1</sup>and to my great surprise it attracted
Kinetics of enteroendocrine cells with implications for their origin: a study of the cholecystokinin and gastrin subpopulations combining tritiated thymidine labelling with immunocytochemistry in the mouse.
Authors: E M Thompson, Y E Price, N A Wright
Journal: Gut (1990)

Evidence for a common endodermal stem cell has been derived from kinetic studies in mouse small intestine which indicate that the turnover characteristics of endocrine cells are similar to those of other cell lineages (columnar and goblet cells). We have used continuous tritiated thymidine labelling and peptide immunocytochemistry on resin embedded semithin sections, a combination of techniques which have not been used before in the small intestine. Our data show that the turnover time for endocrine cells in the small intestine is 10 days, considerably longer than the four days suggested by previous studies, although for columnar and mucous cell lineages, turnover rates are similar to the published literature. In the stomach, the turnover time was very slow indeed (of the order of 45-60 days). These results show that endocrine cells do not share turnover characteristics with the other cell types and suggest that they constitute a kinetically distinct cell population independent of the other cell lineages. These data are not consistent with a common stem cell origin for gut endocrine cells.
ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7 STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH HAEMORRHAGIC COLITIS IN THE UNITED STATES PRODUCE A SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE 1 (SHIGA) LIKE CYTOTOXIN
Authors: AlisonD O'Brien, ThomasA Lively, MelindaE Chen, SaraW Rothman, SamuelB Formal
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Venkataprasanth P. Reddy, Reginald W. Dusing
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 68-year-old woman presented for reevaluation of progressively worsening dyspnea over 2 years. Imaging 4 months prior included unremarkable chest CT, pulmonary function tests, and pulmonary angiogram. On reevaluation, transesophageal echocardiogram was performed; a large right atrial mass was discovered. Magnetic resonance imaging and chest CT defined the extent of the mass. Fluoroscopically guided biopsy of the mass confirmed leiomyosarcoma. Immunostains were positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin. Combined PET/CT scan was done for staging. The leiomyosarcoma, noted to originate from the inferior vena cava intraoperatively, was resected in toto. Postoperative course was unremarkable and her dyspnea gradually improved.
ISOLATION OF AN INFECTIOUS AGENT FROM BONE-MARROWS OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: D.N. Mitchell, J.S. Porterfield, R. Micheletti, L.S. Lange, K.K.A. Goswami, P. Taylor, J.P. Jacobs, D.J. Hockley, A.J. Salsbury
Journal: The Lancet (1978)
Nitric oxide formation contributes to beta-adrenergic dilation of resistance coronary vessels in conscious dogs.
Authors: R Parent, M al-Obaidi, M Lavallée
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The contribution of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway to beta-adrenergic dilation of resistance coronary vessels was examined in conscious dogs instrumented for measuring coronary blood flow (CBF), left ventricular (LV) wall thickening, and LV and aortic pressures and for intracoronary injections of acetylcholine (0.003 micrograms/kg), nitroglycerin (0.175 micrograms/kg), and graded doses of isoproterenol (0.0005 to 0.004 micrograms/kg). Peak increases in CBF with intracoronary isoproterenol (0.001 micrograms/kg) averaged 105 +/- 10% from baseline. With acetylcholine, CBF increased by 158 +/- 11%, and with nitroglycerin, CBF increased by 139 +/- 10%. After the administration of intracoronary N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 micrograms/kg per minute for 12 minutes) to block nitric oxide synthesis from L-arginine, baseline CBF was not altered, and CBF increased by 49 +/- 7% with isoproterenol and by 94 +/- 6% with acetylcholine; both values were smaller (P &lt; .01) than those before the arginine analogue. With nitroglycerin, CBF was increased by 145 +/- 11%, not significantly different from the value before L-NAME. Intracoronary L-arginine (1.0 mg/kg per minute for 12 minutes), the precursor of nitric oxide synthesis, partially reversed the inhibition of L-NAME on CBF responses to acetylcholine and isoproterenol. After beta 1-adrenergic blockade, CBF responses to isoproterenol and acetylcholine were also reduced (P &lt; .05) by the arginine analogue. When increases in CBF were prevented, peak changes in coronary vascular conductance with intracoronary bolus doses of acetylcholine and isoproterenol were attenuated (P &lt; .01) by L-NAME. Thus, nitric oxide formation is an important intermediate in beta-adrenergic dilation of resistance coronary vessels in conscious dogs.
The Risk for Fatal Pulmonary Embolism after Discontinuing Anticoagulant Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: James D. Douketis, Chu Shu Gu, Sam Schulman, Angelo Ghirarduzzi, Vittorio Pengo, Paolo Prandoni
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

The long-term risk for fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) after treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) may be an important factor in the decision to discontinue this treatment.To provide reliable and precise estimates of the annual risk for fatal PE and the case-fatality rate of disease recurrence and to assess these outcomes according to the initial presentation of VTE (deep venous thrombosis [DVT], PE, or both) and its etiology (secondary or idiopathic) in patients who have discontinued anticoagulant therapy.Prospective cohort study.Academic medical centers.Inception cohort of patients with a first episode of symptomatic VTE who discontinued anticoagulant therapy.Incidence rates of any fatal PE (which included sudden death from possible fatal PE) and definite or probable PE per 100 person-years of follow-up and case-fatality rate of recurrent VTE.Of 2052 patients studied, 1450 had DVT, 310 had PE, and 292 had DVT and PE. The mean duration of previous anticoagulant therapy was 6 months (range, 3 to 39 months), and the mean duration of follow-up after discontinuation of treatment was 54 months (range, 1 to 120 months). The annual risk for any fatal PE and definite or probable fatal PE after discontinuation of anticoagulation was 0.49 events (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.64 events) per 100 person-years and 0.19 events (CI, 0.12 to 0.30 events) per 100 person-years, respectively. The case-fatality rate of recurrent disease was 9.0% (CI, 6.8% to 11.8%) for any fatal PE and 3.8% (CI, 2.4% to 5.9%) for definite or probable fatal PE.The findings are less pertinent to patients with active cancer, permanent immobility, or high-risk thrombophilia.The risk for fatal PE is 0.19 to 0.49 events per 100 person-years for patients who have finished a course of anticoagulant therapy for a first episode of symptomatic VTE. The case-fatality rate for death from recurrent PE is 4% to 9%. This information helps to inform patient prognosis and may assist clinicians in deciding whether to discontinue anticoagulant therapy for VTE.
Clinical Features of Accidental Hypothermia, With Some Observations on Thyroid Function
Authors: A. J. Rosin, A. N. Exton-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1964)

hypothermia. This condition occurs spontaneously, usually in a cold environment, and is often associated with an acute . systemic disturbance without an apparent primary pathological lesion of the temperature-regulating centre in the brain. Old people seem especially at risk to this condition in winter-time. The diagnosis is often made on suspicion, suggested by the cold state of the body and the environmental circumstance, but it may be overlooked, with grave consequences to the patient. Duguid et cd. (1961) described a series of 22 patients with hypothermia treated in hospital over a period of three years, and analysed the clinical and pathological features. The poor prognosis was shown in some cases to be due to widespread vascular occlusive damage in the viscera. That the condition is not rare is indicated in a report (Prescott et al., 1962) in which accidental hypothermia was present in 2.5 % of acute medical admissions to one hospital in the winter. In a group of 32 patients with hypothermia whom we have seen, an attempt has been made to distinguish the causes and results of hypothermia. This paper describes the clinical features and diseases associated with the fall in temperature. In some of the patients who were known to have been euthyroid studies were made of some tests of thyroid function, as there is evidence of disturbance of radioiodine uptake in severe hypothermia (Verz?r et al., 1953).
Remarks on Electrolysis in the Treatment of Lachrymal Obstruction
Authors: W. E. Steavenson
Journal: BMJ (1887)

Burgeon to the Paddington Green Children's HospitaL Tun'great difficulty of effecting anything like a cure for obstinate cases of epiphora due to obstruction in the lachrymal passages is known to all.The usual treatment by astringents, probes, styles, andjslitting up the canaliculi are all open to grave objections, and often little benefit to the patient.Mr. Power, in his lectures at the Royal College of Surgeons of London, drew special attention to the anatomical conformation of the lachrymal passages, and the great harm that might be generally done to them by the passage of the large probes so often used.
CGG Repeat-Associated Translation Mediates Neurodegeneration in Fragile X Tremor Ataxia Syndrome
Authors: Peter K. Todd, Seok Yoon Oh, Amy Krans, Fang He, Chantal Sellier, Michelle Frazer, Abigail J. Renoux, Kai-chun Chen, K. Matthew Scaglione, Venkatesha Basrur, Kojo Elenitoba-Johnson, Jean P. Vonsattel, Elan D. Louis, Michael A. Sutton, J. Paul Taylor, Ryan E. Mills, Nicholas Charlet-Berguerand, Henry L. Paulson
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Medicine and the Law
Authors: Morton Birnbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THIS communication is intended to be an addendum to a recent article in the Journal by Kozol1 entitled "The Psychopath before the Law." Although it would be advisable to reread the Kozol article before this paper is read, it may be summarized, if it is not readily available, by the statement that it advocated the following changes in the law:The extension of the present law applicable to the civil commitment of the mentally disordered to mental hospitals to include psychopaths. The article said that although, according to modern psychiatric knowledge, many psychopaths are sufficiently mentally disordered to need hospitalization, . . .
The Johns Hopkins AIDS Service
Authors: Stephen J. Gluckman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings15 October 1998The Johns Hopkins AIDS ServiceStephen J. Gluckman, MD and Chris BA DwyerStephen J. Gluckman, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaAmerican College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this author and Chris BA DwyerUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaAmerican College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-8-199810150-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Johns Hopkins AIDS Service; The Johns Hopkins University Division of Infectious Diseases. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ; 1998. Free. http://www.hopkins-aids.edu. Information phone 410-955-3150.Field of medicine: Infectious disease.Format: World Wide Web site.System requirements: Optimized for Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.01 and Netscape Navigator 3.0 or above.Audience: Infectious disease specialists, practitioners caring for patients with HIV infection, medical students, internal medicine house officers, and patients.Purpose: To provide comprehensive information on HIV for treatment and educational purposes.Content: The site includes Medical Management of HIV Infection by John Bartlett, MD, a comprehensive management manual describing the standards of care ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaAmerican College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 8Page: 675KeywordsAIDSClinical epidemiologyHIVHIV infectionsHIV preventionHealth information technologyInfectious diseasesInternetPatientsTreatment guidelines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Myocardial healing requires Reg3β-dependent accumulation of macrophages in the ischemic heart
Authors: Holger Lörchner, Jochen Pöling, Praveen Gajawada, Yunlong Hou, Viktoria Polyakova, Sawa Kostin, Juan M Adrian-Segarra, Thomas Boettger, Astrid Wietelmann, Henning Warnecke, Manfred Richter, Thomas Kubin, Thomas Braun
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Cortisone and Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Khalil Maghen
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —In the March 23 issue of your journal, there appeared an article by Dr. Nicoloff and co-workers on The Effect of Cortisone on Peptic Ulcer Formation (JAMA183:1019, 1963). It is perhaps true, as Dr. Nicoloff and his group have mentioned, that cortisone does enhance and aggravate the peptic ulcer, but one could doubt that validity of their experimental work on dogs.In this study, only the experimental group of dogs received daily intramuscular injections of cortisone acetate for a period of about 2 months or less, and the control group of dogs escaped the in
Determinants and Prognostic Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension in Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Patrizio Lancellotti, Julien Magne, Erwan Donal, Kim O'Connor, Raluca Dulgheru, Monica Rosca, Luc A. Pierard
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Recent studies emphasized the usefulness of exercise stress echocardiography in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis. Nevertheless, the additive value of exercise pulmonary hypertension (Ex-PHT) in such patients remains unexplored. We therefore aimed to identify the determinants and to test the impact on outcome of Ex-PHT in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis. Method and Results— Asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (n=105; aortic valve area &lt;0.6 cm 2 /m 2 ; age, 71±9 years; male, 59%) and preserved left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction ≥55%) were prospectively submitted to exercise stress echocardiography. Resting PHT and Ex-PHT were defined as a systolic pulmonary arterial pressure &gt;50 and &gt;60 mm Hg, respectively. Ex-PHT was more frequent than resting PHT (55% versus 6%; P &lt;0.0001). On multivariable logistic regression, the independent predictors of Ex-PHT were male sex (odds ratio, 4.3; P =0.002), resting systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (odds ratio, 1.16; P =0.002), exercise indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume (odds ratio, 1.04; P =0.026), exercise e′-wave velocity (odds ratio, 1.35; P =0.047), and exercise-induced changes in indexed left atrial area (odds ratio, 1.36; P =0.006). Ex-PHT was associated with reduced cardiac event-free survival (at 3 years, 22±7% versus 55±9%; P =0.014). In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, Ex-PHT was identified as an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–3.3; P =0.047). When exercise-induced changes in mean aortic pressure gradient were added to the multivariable model, Ex-PHT remained independently associated with reduced cardiac event-free survival (hazard ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.6; P =0.025). Conclusions— In asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis, the main determinants of Ex-PHT are male sex, resting systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, and exercise parameters of diastolic burden. Moreover, Ex-PHT is associated with a 2-fold increased risk of cardiac events. These results strongly support the use of exercise stress echocardiography in asymptomatic aortic stenosis.
Mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: influence of diagnostic tools.
Authors: J F Timsit, S Chevret, J Valcke, B Misset, B Renaud, F W Goldstein, P Vaury, J Carlet
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The overmortality induced by nosocomial infections, especially pneumonia in ventilated patients (VNP), is still a matter of controversy because it is difficult to know precisely the respective effects of VNP per se and both the underlying illness and the severity of the disease that indicates ICU stay. During a 3-yr period, for each patient mechanically ventilated for more than 48 h we recorded underlying illness, reason for mechanical ventilation, clinical and therapeutic data collected during the first 48 h of ventilation, and death in the ICU. Patients with suspicion of VNP (S-VNP) according to clinical, radiologic, and biologic criteria underwent bronchoscopy with protected specimen brush (PSB) and bronchoalveolar lavage culture (BAL-C). VNP was confirmed (C-VNP) if PSB > or = 10(3) cfu/ml and/or BAL-C > or = 10(4) cfu/ml. Prognostic multivariate analysis was performed introducing S-VNP and C-VNP as time-dependent covariates. Of the 387 studied patients, 112 S-VNP and 56 C-VNP were observed with overall mortality of 43% (168 patients). MacCabe, APACHE II score, shock, use of sedatives and absence of enteral nutrition were additively associated with an increased mortality as well as C-VNP (relative risk [RR]: 1.8, p = 0.007). Nevertheless, when S-VNP and C-VNP were simultaneously introduced in the Cox model, only S-VNP remained associated with increased mortality. In patients suspected of VNP, confirmation of VNP using PSB and/or BAL-C adds no prognostic information. Whether this could be explained by the lack of sensitivity of protected distal samples or the severity of underlying conditions of S-VNP patients is still an open issue. A multivariate analysis based on follow-up data during the ICU course of ventilated patients will be initiated in the near future.
Migraines during pregnancy linked to stroke and vascular diseases: US population based case-control study
Authors: C. D Bushnell, M. Jamison, A. H James
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To examine the association between migraine and cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Design US population based case-control study.Nationwide inpatient sample, from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Population 18,345,538 pregnancy related discharges from 2000 to 2003.Diagnosis of migraine, as identified by ICD-9 codes 346.0 and 346.1. Stroke and other vascular diseases were identified by using standard ICD-9 codes.From the hospital discharges with a pregnancy discharge code, 33 956 migraine codes were identified: 185 per 100 000 deliveries. Diagnoses that were jointly associated with migraine codes during pregnancy (excluding pre-eclampsia) were stroke (odds ratio 15.05, 95% confidence interval 8.26 to 27.4), myocardial infarction/heart disease (2.11, 1.76 to 2.54), pulmonary embolus/venous thromboembolism (3.23, 2.06 to 7.07), and hypertension (8.61, 6.43 to 11.54), as well as pre-eclampsia/gestational hypertension (2.29, 2.13 to 2.46), smoking (2.85, 2.53 to 3.21), and diabetes (1.96, 1.64 to 2.35). However, migraine was not associated with several non-vascular diagnoses (pneumonia, transfusions, postpartum infection or haemorrhage).In this large, population based sample of pregnant women admitted to hospital, a strong relation existed between active peripartum migraine and vascular diagnoses during pregnancy. Because these data do not allow determination of which came first, migraine or the vascular condition, prospective studies of pregnant women are needed to explore this association further.
Preventing crime and violence
Authors: J. P Shepherd, D. P Farrington
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Violent crime, which is committed mainly by adolescents and young adults, is a serious and increasing problem on both sides of the Atlantic. In the United States the number of juveniles (under 18) who were arrested for murder and manslaughter rose by 60% between 1981 and 1990 compared with a 5% rise in those aged 18 years and over.1 The proportion of all murders by those under 18 rose in the same interval from 9.4% to 13.6%, and arrests of juveniles over the period rose by 28%for rape, 57% for aggravated assault, and 54% for motor vehicle theft. In Britain reported crime has steadily increased; in 1991 its peak incidence was at 18 for males and 15 for females.2 The number of victims of violence attending one British accident and emergency department trebled over 1974–91.3

Juvenile crime is recognised as one of the most important problems facing both Britain and the United States, not least because of its costs to victims, offenders, and society. For example, incarceration of a juvenile in the United States cost an average of $29 000 a year in 1991. Escalating juvenile crime, particularly involving firearms in the United States and permanently disfiguring maxillofacial injury in Britain, has been the spur for the adoption of violence as a public health issue.4 5

Young offenders …