tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why Respiratory Physicians Should Learn and Implement EUS-FNA
Authors: Jouke T. Annema, Klaus F. Rabe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

In their recent editorial, “EUS/EBUS—A New Dawn for the Respiratory Physician,” Janes and Spiro raise the question whether it is “really a necessity” that gastroenterologists perform transesophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUSFNA) for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer or that respiratory physicians should adopt this diagnostic method (1). We think this is indeed a relevant question. In our opinion, based on experience in investigating over 1,000 patients with lung cancer using EUS-FNA, we strongly favor the idea that EUS-FNA should be performed by respiratory physicians. The actual EUS-FNA investigation itself is just one aspect. Assessing the proper indication for EUS and weighing alternative diagnostic approaches—such as positron emission tomography (PET), endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), and surgical staging—is essential. Major indications for EUS-FNA are diagnosing mediastinal or centrally located intrapulmonary lesions and mediastinal (re) staging. Nodes detected by EUS should be assigned and staged (N2/N3) according to the current lymph node map. EUS findings need to be related to further patient management to give referring physicians adequate feedback on EUS outcomes. Respiratory physicians are the experts on lung cancer staging, have the knowledge to interpret the various thoracic imaging modalities, and can best integrate all available clinical information. Obviously, gastroenterologists generally lack the specific knowledge just mentioned. Having said this just leaves the question whether respiratory physicians should enter the esophagus (cardiologists do) and implement this diagnostic method in their routine practice. Respiratory physicians are already accustomed to perform endoscopy. They should learn how to introduce a scope into the esophagus, interpret ultrasound images, and aspirate paraesophageal lesions. To address these questions, we conducted a prospective nationwide, government sponsored, implementation study (2005–2007) for EUS-FNA in lung cancer in The Netherlands (2). Based on current evidence in the literature (3), the question is no longer if but how EUS-FNA should be implemented for the care of patients with lung cancer. Now is the time for the pulmonary community to adopt EUS-FNA as a diagnostic method of our specialty. We should take up the challenge to develop standards, set up training centers, and facilitate implementation to ensure that patients with (suspected) lung cancer get access to promising minimally invasive diagnostic methodology.
Autologous Transfusion Endorsed-Reply
Authors: Paul D. Mintz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The Committee on Hospital Transfusion Practices endorses strongly autologous transfusion. This practice does not eliminate the possibility of a hemolytic transfusion reaction since clerical errors can occur when autologous units are transfused. The purpose of the Committee's communication was to present examples of audit standards that may be adapted and refined by individual institutions. The Hospital Transfusion Committee should encourage and monitor autologous transfusion.
Abstract 3648: Unraveling phenotype heterogeneity in prostate cancer susceptibility in Finland utilizing covariate-based analysis.
Authors: Cheryl D. Cropp, Claire L. Simpson, Tiina Wahlfors, Asha George, MaryPat S. Jones, Ursula Harper, Damaris Ponciano-Jackson, Teuvo Tammela, Johanna Schleutker, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in developed countries. Previously, we reported a genome-wide linkage scan in 69 Finnish Hereditary Prostate Cancer (HPC) families, which replicated the HPC9 locus on 17q21-q22 and a locus on 2q37. We used ordered subset analysis (OSA) to detect other loci linked to HPC in subsets of families to detect other loci linked to HPC incorporating mean family age of onset as a trait-related covariate to address genetic heterogeneity. The overall mean age of onset across the families was 66.2±8.8 years while the range of individual onset ages ranged from 46-98 years and age of onset varies within families. The highest OSA LOD score was 2.876 (ΔLOD p=0.02) on 15q26.2-q26.3 in a subset of 40 families ascending by age at onset, suggesting that a subset of early age at onset families may be segregating a risk allele(s) at this locus. No other ΔLOD scores were significant after permutation testing. To better capture the effect of age on the linkage signals, we used LODPAL to perform a model-free linkage analysis in affected relative pairs, while adjusting for the age of each individual family member as a single covariate. Preliminary results revealed strong evidence of linkage to HPC on chromosome 15q (LOD=4.9, 132cM) and 8q (LOD=3.1, 157cM). Future analyses are planned which will use age of onset, PSA levels and other clinical characteristics to prioritize regions which may harbor genetic variants of large effect on PRCA. Citation Format: Cheryl D. Cropp, Claire L. Simpson, Tiina Wahlfors, Asha George, MaryPat S. Jones, Ursula Harper, Damaris Ponciano-Jackson, Teuvo Tammela, Johanna Schleutker, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson. Unraveling phenotype heterogeneity in prostate cancer susceptibility in Finland utilizing covariate-based analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3648. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3648
Spironolactone and Plasma Cortisol
Authors: M. G. Metcalf
Journal: BMJ (1964)

an identical manner on the opposite side of the anatomy.Ratios over 10 may be obtained.Ulcerated pigmented carcinomas involving skin give ratios under 3. Variable uptakes have been obtained with malignant melanomas according to the degree of histo- logical activity.Haematomas often give a value less than 1.Radiation suppresses phosphorus uptake and tests at intervals have been used as a control for radiotherapy of skin lesions where indicated.Values reducing to unity have been taken as ablation of active disease.2Perhaps it might be feasible to do a radio- active-phosphorus test (minimum ratio of 5), then insert the radioactive gold before excising the lesion, so that the lymphatics are dealt with in continuity and uninterruptedly.-
Cyproheptadine and Sexism
Authors: ELIZABETH NEUFELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1980Cyproheptadine and SexismELIZABETH NEUFELD, M.D.ELIZABETH NEUFELD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-2-373_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent article by Dr. Tah-Hsiung Hsu (1) states that cyproheptadine may induce breast enlargement and that "this complication may be viewed as beneficial in most women." Beneficial by whom? Does Dr. Hsu mean "by most women" or "by most men in most women"? Perhaps Dr. Hsu would like to comment on a hypothetical drug whose only "complication" is elephantiosis and whether this might be considered "beneficial in most men".Scientific journals are not the place for such sexist statements....Reference1. HSU T. Management of virilizing congential adrenal hyperplasia with cyproheptadine. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:628-30. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Children's Hospital San Francisco, CA 94118 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1980Volume 93, Issue 2Page: 373-373KeywordsDrugs Issue Published: 1 August 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Newell's program, like Hilbert's, is dead; let's move on
Authors: Yingrui Yang, Selmer Bringsjord
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

We draw an analogy between Hilbert's program (HP) for mathematics and Newell's program (NP) for cognitive modeling. The analogy reveals that NP, like HP before it, is fundamentally flawed. The only alternative is a program anchored by an admission that cognition is more than computation.
Effect of morphine, prostigmine, pethidine, and probanthine on the human colon in diverticulosis studied by intraluminal pressure recording and cineradiography
Authors: N. S. Painter, S. C. Truelove, G. M. Ardran, M. Tuckey
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS A previous study has shown that morphine causes the generation of high intrasigmoid pressures.In diverticulosis of the colon, this effect is exaggerated in those segments actually bearing diverticula.There is therefore a prima facie case for questioning the wisdom of giving morphine to patients with diverticulosis.In the present investigation, cineradiography was used in conjunction with intraluminal pressure recording to study the behaviour of colonic diverticula after the administration of morphine and other drugs.High intrasigmoid pressures evoked by morphine are shown to be accompanied by distension of neighbouring diverticula, sometimes to an extrelne degree.Although the necks of the diverticula may shut under the influence of morphine, they do not remain closed but open intermittently and allow colonic contents to be squirted into the diverticula.It appears possible that the use of morphine in acute diverticulitis may predispose to rupture of inflamed diverticula.These effects of morphine can be abolished by an intravenous injection of the anticholinergic agent, probanthine.The analgesic drug, pethidine (demerol), does not have the undesirable effects of morphine and it is suggested that this drug is to be preferred to morphine for the relief of pain in acute diverticulitis.RESULTS Figure 1 consists of a pressure tracing together with on July 21, 2023 by guest.
Mercurial Diuretics and Nephrosis
Authors: G. Clennar
Journal: BMJ (1958)

CORRESPONDENCEMEIAJORL parents, the weight record at clinic was persistentiy unsatisfactory, and the briefest observation of the motber handling her baby showed her uncertain of herself and needing sympathetic guidance.In fact the only advice given was always to use boiled water for washing the baby's face, and that " babies always cry a lot."No instruction or supervision was offered, though the importance of regular attendance at clinic was stressed repeatedly.The mother was rated because she would miss one clinic while staying with a general practitioner's family.There, two days' common sense
INDICATIONS FOR ENTEROSTOMY
Authors: THOMAS G. ORR
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Enterostomy as a therapeutic measure in intestinal obstructive lesions and in the distention of peritonitis has been quite generally accepted by the majority of surgeons. There has not, however, been a universal agreement concerning its indications or complete accord in the interpretation of its results. The general impression is gained that the operation is frequently done as a last resort when little or no result may be logically expected. It must also be recognized that many patients, apparently treated successfully by enterostomy, might recover without drainage of the bowel if properly treated by modern supportive methods. The logical use of enterostomy as a drainage operation involves some understanding of the pathologic changes and perverted function present in diseases associated with distention of the bowel. It has been quite conclusively shown that a bowel which retains its normal muscle tone and peristaltic activity does not absorb substances it should not absorb.
Management of Cholelithiasis
Authors: Thomas McKenzie
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Venu et al<sup>1</sup>referred to the numerous reports of gallbladder calculi found at surgery in patients who have had a "normal" cholecystogram or normal ultrasound examination results and drew attention to the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) when the clinical suspicion of biliary colic persists despite these normal test findings. The diagnostic yield was even more likely when the results of liver function tests were abnormal. The statement is commonplace that reliance on these new diagnostic tools should not be absolute. Increasingly, however, it is the brave surgeon indeed who rejects the tempting assurances of high technology in favor of that erstwhile staple of surgical practice—exploratory laparotomy. Yet only thus can we rescue some of our patients from wholly remediable suffering. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 24-year-old woman underwent cholecystectomy in December 1976. Thereafter her symptoms were limited to occasional local pain and "gas attacks"
The severity of breathlessness during challenges with inhaled methacholine and hypertonic saline in atopic asthmatic subjects. The relationship with deep breath-induced bronchodilation.
Authors: J K Sont, P Booms, E H Bel, J P Vandenbroucke, P J Sterk
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The severity of breathlessness at given degrees of airway obstruction varies between patients with asthma. It has been postulated that the symptoms during bronchoconstriction are determined in part by involvement of airway inflammation. We compared the severity of breathlessness at various degrees of acute airway obstruction between a direct stimulus of airway smooth muscle, methacholine, and an indirectly acting stimulus, hypertonic saline. Twelve atopic asthmatic adults (mean +/- SD; age 25.3 +/- 3.4 yr; baseline FEV1 91.2 +/- 10.4% pred; PC20 1.0 mg/ml methacholine +/- 1.7 doubling dose) entered a methacholine and a hypertonic saline period in random order. In each period doubling doses of either methacholine (0.03 to 256 mg/ml) or hypertonic saline (0.9 to 14.4% NaCl) were inhaled on two occasions 7 d apart, using standardized tidal breathing methods. The response was obtained by FEV1 and, in order to assess volume history effects on airway caliber, by the ratio of flows obtained from volume history standardized maximal and partial expiratory flow-volume curves (M/P ratio). Breathlessness was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS), which ranged from 0 (none) to 100% (most severe experienced). The subjects were blinded to the response in lung function. The changes from baseline in VAS scores at intervals of 5% fall in FEV1 (delta VAS) and the changes in M/P ratios (delta M/P ratio) were calculated by linear interpolation. The results were analyzed by MANOVA. There were no differences in baseline FEV1 or baseline VAS scores between the methacholine and hypertonic saline periods (p > 0.40).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Benzene induces a dose-responsive increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells in rat Zymbal glands.
Authors: F A Angelosanto, G R Blackburn, C A Schreiner, C R Mackerer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The Zymbal gland, a sebaceous tissue associated with the ear duct of certain rodent species, is a principal target for carcinogenesis by benzene. To investigate the mechanism of induction of tumors in the rat Zymbal gland, we have developed a procedure for primary culture of epithelial cells from Zymbal gland explants so that cytogenetic analysis can be performed on this target tissue following an in vivo exposure to benzene. Cytogenetic analysis performed 45 hr after in vivo oral dosing with benzene revealed chromosome damage that occurred as a result of acute, subchronic, and chronic dosing. This damage, expressed as a dose-related increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells, was observed in Sprague-Dawley female rats over a range of benzene doses from 12.5 to 250 mg/kg/day, and in male Fischer 344 rats at doses ranging from 1 to 200 mg/kg/day. These results are consistent with the known clastogenicity of benzene in mouse bone marrow, which is also a target tissue. This study is the first report of a genotoxic effect of benzene in the rat Zymbal gland and shows that micronucleus formation may be used as a correlate for carcinogenesis induced by benzene in this target tissue.
Hypercalcemia without Hypercalcuria or Hypophosphatemia, Calcinosis and Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Charles H. Burnett, Robert R. Commons, Fuller Albright, John E. Howard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

BECAUSE of our interest in the parathyroid glands our attention has been directed to a number of diseases with which primary hyperparathyroidism may be confused. These include acute osteoporosis,1 hypervitaminosis D,2 3 4 sarcoidosis,5 , 6 myelomatosis,6 7 8 carcinomatosis with extensive bone involvement,6 polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,9 renal osteitis fibrosa generalisata10 and osteomalacia.10 By clinical and laboratory observations it is usually possible to differentiate these conditions from primary hyperparathyroidism. However, when the latter condition is complicated by secondary renal damage the diagnosis, in our experience, may be very difficult.6 , 11 This report describes a syndrome observed in 6 patients that has many features in common with primary . . .
Prostaglandins I2 and E1 and red cell deformability in Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis
Authors: P. Dowd
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The available evidence does not show that PGE is an effective cutaneous vasodilator even when given at a rate sufficient to produce changes in blood flow.Its usefulness in Raynaud's disease8 must therefore remain questionable.The demonstration of changes in erythrocyte deformability following the infusion of inactive PGI2 solutions and after the administration of PGE1 at a rate insufficient to cause marked changes in haemodynamic values is therefore probably artefactual.
Benzene‐induced acute myeloid leukemia: A clinician's perspective
Authors: Ethan A. Natelson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Benzene-induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is considered a secondary form of AML, based both in theory and on limited cohort observations. Its latency, cytogenetic aberrations, and clinical features are thought similar to, or identical with, AML resulting from the use of modern day cytotoxic agents for chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Although distinction between secondary AML and the far more common de novo AML is difficult to establish with certainty in any given case, latency from toxic therapeutic and environmental exposure and certain clinical and pathological features generally separate these two entities. AML is the only human neoplasm proven to be potentially caused by benzene, which actually is an obsolete form of chemotherapy. Despite many years of environmental regulation, alleged toxic exposure to this ubiquitous chemical has become an expanding area of litigation. A review of benzene-induced AML suggests that, in developed countries, this entity should no longer merit serious consideration among workers in the modern petrochemical industry and related fields.
Does self-deception involve intentional biasing?
Authors: W. J. Talbott
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

I agree with Mele that self-deception is not intentional deception; but I do believe that self-deception involves intentional biasing, primarily for two reasons: (1) There is a Bayesian model of self-deception that explains why the biasing is rational. (2) It is implausible that the observed behavior of self- deceivers could be generated by Mele's “blind” mechanisms.
Radioisotopic Evaluation of Congenital Lobar Emphysema
Authors: JULIE S. MITNICK, NEIL S. KUTIN, PHILLIP BRAUNSTEIN, JOSEPH SANGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

MITNICK, JULIE S. M.D.; KUTIN, NEIL S. M.D.; BRAUNSTEIN, PHILLIP M.D.; SANGER, JOSEPH M.D. Author Information
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome—Reply
Authors: Stephen W. Patrick, Robert E. Schumacher, Matthew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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THE IMPACT OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY DETECTED BY SERUM CREATININE VERSUS ANALYSIS OF CREATININE CLEARANCE IN THE VERY LONG TERM OUTCOMES (UP TO 8 YEARS) OF NON-SELECTED PATIENTS TREATED WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENTS
Authors: José de Ribamar Costa, Amanda Sousa, Adriana Moreira, Ricardo Costa, Galo Maldonado, Manuel Cano, Cantidio Campos Neto, Mariana Carballo, Ricardo Pavanelo, J Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)