tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Textbook of Neuroanatomy
Authors: Mary Jane C. Showers
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<b>Human Neuroanatomy</b>, by Raymond C Truex, Malcolm B Carpenter, ed 6; (formerly Strong and Elwyn's<i>Human Neuroanatomy</i>), 673 pp, with illus, $16.50, Baltimore, Williams &amp; Wilkins Co, 1969. The second edition of Elliott's well-organized textbook, including glossary and atlas, is essentially similar to the first edition. Information is synthesized into general topics: neurohistology; segmental structures; sensory systems; motor systems; cerebral hemispheres; accessory systems and structures. The author effectively utilizes a heuristic theme of morphogenesis of the nervous system which is reinforced throughout the book by individualistic, simple, and colored line diagrams. Newer findings and appropriate deletions are incorporated into the presentations of cranial nerves, cerebrum, hypothalamus, visceral system, and pyramidal system. The angiographic plan of brain-stem circulation is a strength in the revision. The book by Truex and Carpenter preserves the format used in the previous five editions but this revision involves considerable internal updating and subtle shifts in emphasis.
Endocardial Activation Mapping of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients
Authors: Martin J. Schalij, F. Paul van Rugge, Machiel Siezenga, Enno T. van der Velde
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Localization of early activated endocardial areas during ventricular tachycardia (VT) is mandatory for performance of surgical or radiofrequency catheter interventions. The use of a multielectrode catheter may shorten the procedure time and increase the accuracy of the procedure compared with single-electrode mapping techniques. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 32-bipolar-electrode mapping catheter in patients. Methods and Results —The basket-shaped mapping catheter (BMC), integrated with a computerized mapping system, allowed on-line reconstruction of endocardial activation maps. Twenty patients with VT were studied before surgery (n=4) or radiofrequency catheter ablation (n=16). End-diastolic left ventricular (LV) volume was 280±120 mL, with an LV ejection fraction of 33±14%. The volume encompassed by the BMC was 164±27 mL (130 to 200 mL); the deployment time was 46±11 minutes. Endocardial activation time during sinus rhythm was 105±34 ms; 14±5 electrodes could be used to stimulate the heart. Cycle length of VT was 325±83 ms. Earliest endocardial activation was recorded 58±42 ms before the onset of the surface ECG. Complications were pericardial effusion (n=2) and transient cerebral disorientation (n=1). Conclusions —Percutaneous multielectrode endocardial mapping in patients with VT is feasible and relatively safe. The use of this technique shortens the time patients have to endure VT.
Lawyers in MMR vaccine cases have had £1.3m from public funds
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The three leading barristers involved in the litigation relating to the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine have been paid more than £1.3m ($2.3m; €1.9m), a parliamentary reply revealed last week.

In a written question in the House of Lords, the Conservative peer Earl Howe had asked what legal advice on the merits of the litigation had been obtained by the Legal Services Commission from barristers with or without an interest in being paid legal aid fees in the litigation.

A written reply said that the three lead barristers working on the generic work in the litigation were paid £463 782, £445 601, and £424 659.

It said that no barristers provided advice …
Resources for Optimal Care of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: LEONARD S. SOMMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Editorial Notes1 April 1972Resources for Optimal Care of Congenital Heart DiseaseLEONARD S. SOMMER, M.D., F.A.C.P.LEONARD S. SOMMER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-4-664 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCriteria for long-term care of patients born with cardiac defects have been published by the Congenital Heart Disease Study Group of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources (1, 2). An earlier report gives requirements for the acute care of these patients. They are two of a series of reports of different cardiovascular study groups that have appeared as appendixes in several issues of Circulation since May 1970.General and specific guidelines, in narrative and tabular form, indicate steps to be taken from the recognition of a congenital cardiac disorder at any age from birth onward. The important role of...References1. Report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. Resources for the optimal long-term care of patients with congenital heart disease. Circulation 44:A205-A219, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. Resources for the optimal acute care of patients with congenital heart disease. Circulation 43:A123-A133, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. TALNERNADAS NA: Regional plan to aid infants with heart disease (editorial). N Engl J Med 281:794, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Miami School of Medicine Biscayne Annex, Miami, Fla. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1972Volume 76, Issue 4Page: 664-665KeywordsBirthCardiovascular therapyCongenital heart diseaseHeart diseasesLong-term careLongitudinal studiesPatients Issue Published: 1 April 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pulmonary histiocytosis X: pulmonary function and exercise pathophysiology.
Authors: R S Crausman, C A Jennings, R M Tuder, L M Ackerson, C G Irvin, T E King
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Pulmonary histiocytosis X (PHX) is a diffuse, smoking-related lung disease characterized pathologically by bronchocentric inflammation, cyst formation, and widespread vascular abnormalities and physiologically by exercise limitation. The major mechanism underlying exercise impairment in this disease has not been previously defined. Spirometry, lung volumes, lung mechanics, and exercise physiology were performed on 23 patients with PHX. Two subgroups were identified on the basis of elastic recoil: 12 subjects had an elevated coefficient of elastic recoil with 11 demonstrating a predominant pattern of restriction, and 10 subjects had normal elastic recoil and relatively normal lung function. Exercise performance was severely limited in both subgroups (workload 53 +/- 3%). Abnormalities of ventilatory function and gas exchange were present but did not appear to be exercise-limiting in the majority of subjects. Indices reflecting pulmonary vascular function (DLCO, baseline VD/VT, exercise VD/VT) were abnormal. Strong correlations between overall exercise performance (% predicted VO2max) and indices of vascular involvement were present: DLCO (r = 0.68, p = 0.0004), baseline VD/VT (-0.65, 0.001), exercise VD/VT (-0.67, 0.0004). Similar correlations were found when exercise performance was measured by maximal workload achieved. We conclude that (1) subjects with PHX present with either normal or predominantly restrictive pulmonary physiology and that (2) exercise impairment is common and appears to reflect pulmonary vascular dysfunction.
ERK Mutations Confer Resistance to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Eva M. Goetz, Mahmoud Ghandi, Daniel J. Treacy, Nikhil Wagle, Levi A. Garraway
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The use of targeted therapeutics directed against BRAF(V600)-mutant metastatic melanoma improves progression-free survival in many patients; however, acquired drug resistance remains a major medical challenge. By far, the most common clinical resistance mechanism involves reactivation of the MAPK (RAF/MEK/ERK) pathway by a variety of mechanisms. Thus, targeting ERK itself has emerged as an attractive therapeutic concept, and several ERK inhibitors have entered clinical trials. We sought to preemptively determine mutations in ERK1/2 that confer resistance to either ERK inhibitors or combined RAF/MEK inhibition in BRAF(V600)-mutant melanoma. Using a random mutagenesis screen, we identified multiple point mutations in ERK1 (MAPK3) and ERK2 (MAPK1) that could confer resistance to ERK or RAF/MEK inhibitors. ERK inhibitor-resistant alleles were sensitive to RAF/MEK inhibitors and vice versa, suggesting that the future development of alternating RAF/MEK and ERK inhibitor regimens might help circumvent resistance to these agents.
British doctor fabricated results of a non-existent experiment, US body finds
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A British ophthalmologist who headed a US laboratory involved in pioneering stem cell research fabricated the results of a non-existent pilot experiment in applying for two federal grants, the US Office of Research Integrity (ORI) has found.

Peter Francis, who has resigned from his job as associate professor and director of the Translational Clinical Trials Center at Oregon Health and Science University’s Casey Eye Institute, was granted permanent US residency on the basis of the country’s national interest in attracting clinical researchers. In 2002, while still in Britain, he won the National Research prize for …
Hypoglycemia Resulting from Insecticide Poisoning
Authors: Zdenek Hruban
Journal: JAMA (1963)

AN 8½-mo-old girl was in excellent health until 3 weeks prior to admission, when she developed a mild cough. About Oct 5, 1959, excessive perspiration, thirst, and urination were noticed and her cough became more severe. The girl appeared listless on Oct 8, 1959. Although she was conscious when seen at 10:30 am on Oct 9, 1959, she was found unresponsive at noon and therefore was brought to the University of Chicago Hospitals at 2:45 pm. The child received injection of her third diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus toxoid and of her second poliomyelitis vaccine on Sept 26, 1959. The only medication given to the child was a "cough medicine," but this had been discontinued more than a week before the admission. On examination, she was unconscious, cyanotic, and limp. The deep and plantar reflexes were absent. The pulse was 60 beats/min, respirations 10/min, systolic blood pressure 60 mm Hg, and
The relationships between alcoholic beverage use and other traits to blood pressure: a new Kaiser Permanente study.
Authors: A L Klatsky, G D Friedman, M A Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (1986)

In a new study controlled for many factors, we reconfirmed the relationship of higher blood pressure to alcohol use. This relationship was slightly stronger in men, whites, and persons 55 years of age or older. A slight increase in blood pressure appeared in men who drank one to two drinks daily, and a continuous increase occurred at all higher drinking levels among white men who had constant drinking habits. Among women, an increase occurred only at three or more drinks daily. The data suggest complete regression, beginning within days, of alcohol-associated hypertension upon abstinence. Blood pressure showed minor differences with beverage preference: those who preferred liquor had higher adjusted mean blood pressure than those preferring wine or beer. The results of this study contribute to the likelihood that the alcohol-blood pressure association is causal. Smoking, coffee use, and tea use showed no association with higher blood pressure. Systolic pressure showed a positive relationship to total serum calcium and an inverse relationship to serum potassium, but diastolic pressure showed little relationship to these blood constituents; the explanations include a possible direct effect on regulation of blood pressure.
High-risk 'heart' families: a genealogical look
Authors: Tom Hager
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Preliminary results from a three-pronged study now under way at the University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, indicate that probably half of all early heart attacks (before age 55 in men and age 60 in women) occur on the basis of a strong genetic predisposition clustered in only 5% of the families studied. But a look at the pedigrees of these high-risk families shows also that environment must have a strong modifying influence. In one of the largest population-based heart disease studies ever undertaken, Roger R. Williams, MD, of the Cardiology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, and co-workers are gauging the extent to which heart disease aggregates in families. Also, they are attempting to pin down some of the specific biochemical and physiological factors that lead to this high risk. Stage 3 involves using this information to develop a more effective prevention strategy. <h3>Role of Genetics</h3>
Research councils' requirements could bankrupt academic journals
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Journal publishers are concerned that a new proposal that requires all researchers who receivepublic research funding to post their results on publicly accessible electronic databases will lead to the financial collapse of many academic journals.

The proposal is in a consultation document from the Research Councils UK, which represents theeight research councils in the United Kingdom, including the Medical Research Council. The document considers the dissemination of, and access to, research outputs in the form of journal articles and conference proceedings.

The document says that ideas and knowledge derived from research funded with public money mustbe made available and accessible for public use, interrogation, and scrutiny, as widely, rapidly,and effectively as practicable.

To achieve this, it proposes that research councils require any researcher awarded a grant from 1 October 2005 to deposit any resulting journal article or conference “in an appropriate e-print repository (either institutional or subject-based), wherever such a repository is available to …
Finger clubbing and altered carbon monoxide transfer capacity in cannabis smokers
Authors: A. Schuller, V. Cottin, A. Hot, J-F. Cordier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

<h3>Aim</h3> The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity among children with disability. <h3>Methods</h3> 10 electronic databases were searched from the earliest time available to September 2010 to identify relevant articles. Articles were included if they examined the barriers or facilitators to physical activity for children with disability and were written in English. Articles were excluded if they included children with an acute, transient or chronic medical condition, examined sedentary leisure activities, or societal participation in general. Two reviewers independently assessed the search yields, extracted the data and assessed trial quality. Data were analysed descriptively. <h3>Results</h3> 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. Barriers included lack of knowledge and skills, the child9s preferences, fear, parental behaviour, negative attitudes to disability, inadequate facilities, lack of transport, programmes and staff capacity, and cost. Facilitators included the child9s desire to be active, practising skills, involvement of peers, family support, accessible facilities, proximity of location, better opportunities, skilled staff and information. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Personal, social, environmental, and policy and programme-related barriers and facilitators influence the amount of activity children with disability undertake. The barriers to physical activity have been studied more comprehensively than the facilitators.
A Phase I Study of Amrubicin Combined with Carboplatin for Elderly Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Akira Inoue, Koichi Yamazaki, Makoto Maemondo, Takuji Suzuki, Yuichiro Kimura, Mariko Kanbe, Hiroshi Isobe, Masaharu Nishimura, Yasuo Saijo, Toshihiro Nukiwa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Competition in the Health-Care Marketplace
Authors: Edward P. Melia, Leonard M. Aucoin, Leonard J. Duhl, Patsy S. Kurokawa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

California has enacted legislation that has been termed a "revolution in health care."1 State lawmakers passed three measures designed to intensify competition among hospitals and physicians in the health-care delivery system.2 Confronted with a potential $2-billion deficit in its proposed $27-billion state budget, recurrent cost overruns in the Medi-Cal (Medicaid) program, and a whopping 17.9 per cent increase in hospital costs in 1981, the legislature voted to authorize both the government and private insurance companies to negotiate prepaid contracts with hospitals and providers as a "tool" to contain costs.Although negotiated contracting is not a new method of cost control, . . .
The genomics of schizophrenia: update and implications
Authors: Paola Giusti-Rodríguez, Patrick F. Sullivan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Schizophrenia is strongly familial yet rarely (if ever) exhibits classical Mendelian inheritance patterns. The advent of large-scale genotyping and sequencing projects has yielded large data sets with higher statistical power in an effort to uncover new associations with schizophrenia. Here, we review the challenges in dissecting the genetics of schizophrenia and provide an update of the current understanding of the underlying genomics. We discuss the breadth of susceptibility alleles, including those that may occur with low frequency and high disease risk, such as the 22q11.2 hemideletion, as well as alleles that may occur with greater frequency but convey a lower risk of schizophrenia, such as variants in genes encoding subunits of the voltage-gated L-type calcium channel. Finally, we provide an overview of the clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia based on progress in understanding the underlying genetic basis.
Mechanisms of Altered Contractile Responses to Vasopressin and Endothelin in Canine Coronary Collateral Arteries
Authors: Julie A. Rapps, Allan W. Jones, Michael Sturek, Lawrence Magliola, Janet L. Parker
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Mature coronary collateral arteries are hyperresponsive to vasopressin; in contrast, contractile responses of collaterals to endothelin are attenuated. Our goal was to determine the cellular mechanisms underlying these differences in reactivity using two sizes of canine collateral arteries isolated from hearts subjected to chronic coronary occlusion. Methods and Results Contractile responses to vasopressin (100 nmol/L) were enhanced threefold to fourfold in near-resistance (≈200 μm lumen diameter) and conduit (≈500 μm lumen diameter) collateral arteries compared with similarly sized noncollateral coronary arteries ( P &lt;.01). In contrast, contractions of both sizes of collaterals in response to endothelin (0.01 to 30 nmol/L) were smaller than responses of size-matched noncollateral arteries ( P &lt;.05). Pretreatment with either indomethacin (5 μmol/L), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, or N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (100 μmol/L), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, did not alter the relative responsiveness of collateral arteries to vasopressin or endothelin compared with noncollateral arteries. Vasopressin produced greater increases of intracellular free Ca 2+ (measured by use of fura-2 microfluorometry and Ca 2+ -dependent 42 K + efflux) in smooth muscle of collateral arteries than in smooth muscle of noncollateral arteries ( P &lt;.05). Surprisingly, endothelin-induced increases of Ca 2+ were not different in smooth muscle of collateral and noncollateral arteries ( P &gt;.05). Conclusions We conclude that altered contractile responsiveness of collateral arteries to vasopressin and endothelin does not result from altered synthesis/release of nitric oxide or prostaglandins. Parallel enhancement of vasopressin-mediated Ca 2+ and contractile responses suggests increases in vasopressin receptor number, affinity, and/or efficiency of coupling mechanisms in collateral smooth muscle. The dissociation between endothelin-induced contractile and Ca 2+ responses of collaterals indicates that the mechanisms involved in increasing Ca 2+ sensitivity of contractile proteins during endothelin stimulation may be altered in collateral arteries.
Predicting 10-Year Mortality for Older Adults
Authors: Marisa Cruz, Kenneth Covinsky, Eric W. Widera, Irena Stijacic-Cenzer, Sei J. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2013)

TO THE EDITOR:

Preventive interventions such as cancer screening exposes patients to immediate risks with delayed benefits, suggesting that risks outweigh the benefits in patients with limited life expectancy. Guidelines now recommend considering the likelihood of long-term survival when evaluating whether preventive interventions with long lagtimes-to-benefit (such as CRC screening and intensive glycemic control) are more likely to help or harm an individual patient.1, 2 However, most mortality indices have focused on short-term mortality risk (≤5 years).3, 4 To help clinicians identify patients who are at low risk for 10-year mortality and thus most likely to benefit from these preventive interventions, we examined whether our previously developed 4-year mortality index5 accurately predicted 10-year mortality.
Treatment of Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder with Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Based on Wisdom Psychology and Hedonia Strategies
Authors: Michael Linden, Kai Baumann, Barbara Lieberei, Constanze Lorenz, Max Rotter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)

Posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) is a reaction to unjust or humiliating life events, including embitterment and impairment of mood, somatoform complaints, reduction in drive, withdrawal from social contacts, and even suicide and murder suicide. Patients have been shown to be nonresponders to many treatments. This paper gives an outline of cognitive behaviour therapy based on wisdom psychology and reports first data on treatment effects.In a first pilot study on psychotherapy for PTED, a cohort of 25 PTED inpatients was treated with routine multidimensional cognitive behaviour therapy. A second consecutive cohort of 28 patients was treated with PTED-specific cognitive behaviour therapy, which is based on wisdom psychology (wisdom psychotherapy) and another 29 patients with cognitive behaviour therapy based on wisdom psychology together with additional hedonia strategies (wisdom and hedonia psychotherapy). Treatment integrity was measured with special modules of the Behaviour Therapy Competency Checklist. The outcomes were measured in all 3 groups with the SCL-90 and a global clinical rating of patients and therapists on treatment outcome.There were significant and clinically meaningful reductions in the SCL score after wisdom therapy, as compared to routine treatment. In clinical ratings by therapists and patients, both specific treatments were judged as more effective than treatment as usual. Additional hedonia strategies did not lead to better treatment effects.The results of this pilot study suggest that wisdom psychology offers an approach to treat PTED and justify further randomized controlled outcome studies.