tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-117: Phenotype and function of tumor-infiltrating macrophages and B cells in a novel humanized mouse model (NSG-HIS) for ovarian cancer
Authors: Selene Nunez-Cruz, Marc Walter, Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers, Nathalie Scholler
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Anti-cancer treatments are often highly effective in human tumor xenografts grown subcutaneously in immune deficient hosts such as athymic (nude) or severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice. However, such preclinical results are frequently followed by failure or limited activity of the drug/therapy in clinical trial, prompting the development of more sophisticated animal models engrafted with fully human immune system (HIS). We reconstituted NOD-Scid-IL2Rγcnull (NSG) mice with cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and 12 to 16 weeks after transplantation NSG-HIS mice were injected with human ovarian tumor cells (OVCAR5) orthotopically (io), subcutaneously (sc), or both (io/sc). Although sc tumor growth was the fastest in the absence of human immune system, four weeks after tumor implantation the average sizes of sc, io and sc/io tumors were similar across all NSG-HIS groups (0.3cm3); regardless of the tumor site, all tumors were infiltrated with human B cells, T cells and macrophages. However, sc tumors contained proportionally more human B cells and macrophages than io tumors. Macrophages infiltrating sc and io, but not sc or sc/io tumors, exhibited an IL10high immunosuppressive phenotype. Io tumor-infiltrating macrophages expressed the highest levels of CD32 (FcγRII) and mannose receptor (CD206), and the lowest level of CD64 (FcγRI) compared to macrophages infiltrating sc or io/sc tumors. Finally, io tumors were infiltrated with less human B cells than all the other tumors; B cells from tumor-bearing mice presented an altered phenotype compared to non tumor-bearing animals, characterized by the upregulation of plasma and activation markers and the production of IgM and IgG. Our results support the hypothesis that the location of the tumor implantation impacts the phenotype and function of human tumor cell infiltrate. The novel NSG-HIS mouse model of ovarian cancer may help understanding the role of tumor microenvironment during tumor development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-117. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-117
Isolated CNS Sarcoidosis
Authors: Alan T. Cariski
Journal: JAMA (1981)

ENDOCRINE hypofunction resulting from hypophysial or hypothalamic sarcoidosis is well recognized.<sup>1</sup>Almost always, this central involvement occurs in a patient with widespread disease involving the lungs, skin, or liver. This article reports the case of a man with secondary hypogonadism attributable to sarcoidosis that apparently was confined to the CNS. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 52-year-old white man had a history of complete impotence and decreased libido of several months' duration. He denied a change in beard growth or development of breast enlargement, tenderness, or discharge. Except for easy fatigability and occasional blurred vision of recent onset, the review of systems was normal. He was taking no medications, and both past medical and family history were noncontributory. Physical examination was unremarkable except for exogenous obesity. The patiént's weight was 120 kg; height, 186 cm; and blood pressure, 136/88 mm Hg. An ophthalmologist, however, found a minimal refractive error bilaterally
Peliosis Hepatis in Hematologic Disease
Authors: Sanjiv Chopra
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Two patients with hematologic disease, one of whom had received androgenic steroids, had liver damage associated with peliosis hepatis. In one patient with spherocytic hemolytic anemia, peliosis hepatis was an incidental postmortem finding. In the other patient, who was treated with androgenic-anabolic steroids for aplastic anemia, hepatic failure associated with peliosis hepatis developed. Splenic involvement by peliosis was present in both patients. Peliosis hepatis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatic disease in patients with hematologic disorders, especially if treatment has included androgenic-anabolic steroids.
Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Bone Scanning
Authors: EDWIN K. CHINN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 68-year-old woman underwent hip arthroplasty for congenital hip dislocation. Beginning on postoperative day 3 she complained of left shoulder and chest pain. Lung scanning was normal, but chest radiography showed cystic changes in the scapula. On postoperative day 8 bone scanning to assess the scapular lesion showed unexpected intense uptake in the anterior myocardium. The ECG was not diagnostic. Cardiac enzymes were normal. Cardiac catheterization on postoperative day 9 showed a large anterior infarction. Both Tc-99m MDP and Tc-99m PYP can be diagnostic for acute myocardial infarction when cardiac enzymes have normalized, and the ECG is not diagnostic.
Potassium Balance and Acid-Base Changes in Patients Undergoing Regular Haemodialysis Therapy
Authors: A. G. Morgan, L. Burkinshaw, P. J. A. Robinson, S. M. Rosen
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Serial measurements of total body potassium in 21 patients with chronic renal failure being treated with three 10-hour periods of dialysis per week, against a dialysate fluid containing 1.5 mEq of potassium per litre, showed no evidence of potassium depletion. Mild hyperkalaemia was found in some patients before dialysis, correlated with the pre-dialysis hydrogen ion concentration. Hypokalaemia occurred during dialysis in almost half of the studies made; the plasma potassium concentration, however, rose to normal levels within two to four hours of stopping dialysis. A delay in the movement of potassium from the cells into the extracellular fluid is suggested as a cause for the observed hypokalaemia.In all but one patient the pre-dialysis blood pH was normal, but rose to alkalaemic levels during dialysis. A pronounced degree of hypocapnia was noted before dialysis, and this was not altered by a rising blood pH during dialysis. It is suggested that a stimulus to respiration other than the hydrogen ion gradient between the brain cells and cerebral spinal fluid may produce the observed hypocapnia.
Lipoprotein(a) in restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery disease.
Authors: T Cooke, R Sheahan, D Foley, M Reilly, G D'Arcy, W Jauch, M Gibney, G Gearty, P Crean, M Walsh
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to investigate the relation of lipoprotein(a) and serum lipid parameters to restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and to assess the association of these same biochemical markers to coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals with angiographically defined normal and diseased coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-two patients with successful PTCA had follow-up angiography at 35 +/- 10 weeks. Restenosis occurred in 21 male patients (46%) and 6 female patients (38%). Elevated apolipoprotein B (P &lt; .01) and decreased high-density lipoprotein-2 cholesterol (P &lt; .02) were found to be independently associated with restenosis after angioplasty, whereas lipoprotein(a) was not. Eighty-five patients undergoing PTCA were compared with 46 subjects who had no evidence of CAD on angiography. Elevated lipoprotein(a) (P &lt; .001) and reduced apolipoprotein A1 to B ratio (P &lt; .001) were found to be strong independent risk factors for the presence of CAD when adjustment was made for age (P &lt; .005), male sex (P &lt; .01), smoking (P &lt; .005), and hypertension (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS Serum lipoprotein(a) levels are not associated with restenosis after PTCA, but elevated levels are strongly associated with CAD. Low-serum, high-density lipoprotein-2 cholesterol concentration and elevated apolipoprotein B concentration were found to be associated with restenosis after PTCA.
'Rave' Scene, Ecstasy Use, Leap Atlantic
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE BRITISH rave counterculture, and its liberal use of ecstasy (MDMA), has become a hot export to the United States, wrapped in a high-tech music and video package and supported by low-tech laboratories that illicitly produce the drug stateside. An August 19,1992, article by United Press International says that a clampdown on rave parties by British authorities has inspired several English rave promoters to move their business to the United States. Staged in empty warehouses or open fields outside San Francisco or Los Angeles, their parties are drawing thousands of young Californians on designated weekend nights. Partygoers—attired in<i>Cat in the Hat</i>-hats and psychedelic jumpsuits—pay $20 at the door to dance all night to heavily mixed, electronically generated sound, surrounded by computer-generated video and laser light shows. They pay another $3 to $5 for "smart drinks"— amino acid—laced beverages that reputedly enhance energy and alertness. And for another $20,
Would primary health care workers give appropriate dietary advice after cholesterol screening?
Authors: J. Francis, M. Roche, D. Mant, L. Jones, E. Fullard
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the dietary knowledge of primary health care workers and on their ability to apply this knowledge in practice. A total of 128 primary health care workers (53 general practitioners and 61 nurses) in 12 practices and 14 primary care facilitators were surveyed by questionnaire between December 1987 and June 1988. All of the practices were participating in a project to promote prevention in primary care and offered health checks designed to identify and deal with cardiovascular risk factors. The questionnaire focused on issues related to managing patients with moderate hypercholesterolaemia. The results of the study showed some important gaps in the health workers9 knowledge--for example, only 91 understood that dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids as a proportion of total fat intake should be increased in a diet designed to reduce serum lipid concentrations. Appreciable gaps in their ability to give practical and appropriate dietary advice were also identified: 35 gave advice that would have led to the patient losing weight (although his history indicated that he was not overweight), and 27 gave only negative advice, offering no suggestions about substituting healthy foods for unhealthy ones. The demand for primary health care workers to give dietary advice is increasing and is likely to increase further if a national screening programme for hypercholesterolaemia is recommended. The results of this survey point to a need for improved nutritional education and training in dietary counselling for general practitioners, nurses, and primary care facilitators.
Experimental uses of `internal tourniquet' continue to expand
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Balloon catheterization is fast becoming useful in the treatment of sundry diseases. Widely used to dilate stenotic arteries (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 240:1117-1119, 1978; 242:2769-2771, 1979; 243:99-101, 1980), the technique has now been modified for use in the therapeutic<i>occlusion</i>of arteries. At the recent American Heart Association science writers' forum held at St Petersburg Beach, Fla, Robert I. White, MD, discussed his use of detachable silicone balloons for therapeutic embolization. White, who is professor of radiology and director, Cardiovascular Diagnostic Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, initially reported on four patients who had undergone the procedure (<i>JAMA</i>241:1257-1260, 1979). He and his associates have now inserted some 200 balloons in 60 patients. One group of patients had traumatic or neoplastic hemorrhages in solid organs that were completely controlled by the catheterization technique alone. In a second group, highly vascular malignant neoplasms such as childhood hepatoblastoma made surgical resection dangerous;
Physicochemical and immunological comparison between natural and recombinant Pru p 3: Potential applications
Authors: M. Lombardero, A. Díaz-Perales, M.L. Sanz, G. García-Casado, R. Sánchez-Monge, F.J. García-Sellés, F. Polo, P. Gamboa, D. Barber, G. Salcedo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
For Cancers Caused by HPV, Two Vaccines Were Just the Beginning
Authors: J. Peres
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

cancer. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and the Prevention (CDC) recommends routine inoculation of preteen girls with either Gardasil or GlaxoSmithKline’s Cervarix. CDC’s advisory committee on immunization practices is now considering extending that recommendation to boys. Although anal cancer from HPV infection can affl ict both men and women, men who have sex with men are at greatest risk. Clinical data that Merck presented to the FDA showed that Gardasil prevented 78% of anal precancerous lesions in that population. On the basis of those results, the agency approved the vaccine for prevention of anal cancer in both men and women. Schiller speculates that the approval for anal cancer may be enough to persuade the CDC to extend the recommendation to boys. (Currently, the agency says that girls should be vaccinated, whereas boys may be vaccinated.) “This could put it over the top,” he said, partly because adding the indication will improve the cost – benefi t analyses of vaccinating both boys and girls.
Recurrent sigmoid volvulus in young people: a missed diagnosis.
Authors: H G Sturzaker, R S Lawrie, C L Joiner
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In nine young patients with recurrent attacks of sigmoid volvulus there was a long delay before a correct diagnosis was made, yet volvulus was indicated in most of them by a well-taken history. All were treated successfully by excision of the redundant colon. This condition is not as uncommon in young people as was thought.
C/EBP Homologous Protein-10 (CHOP-10) Limits Postnatal Neovascularization Through Control of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression
Authors: Céline Loinard, Yasmine Zouggari, Patricia Rueda, Bhama Ramkhelawon, Clément Cochain, José Vilar, Alice Récalde, Adéle Richart, Dominique Charue, Micheline Duriez, Masataka Mori, Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos, Bernard I. Lévy, Christophe Heymes, Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
Journal: Circulation (2012)

C/EBP homologous protein-10 (CHOP-10) is a novel developmentally regulated nuclear protein that emerges as a critical transcriptional integrator among pathways regulating differentiation, proliferation, and survival. In the present study, we analyzed the role of CHOP-10 in postnatal neovascularization.Ischemia was induced by right femoral artery ligation in wild-type and CHOP-10(-/-) mice. In capillary structure of skeletal muscle, CHOP-10 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated by ischemia and diabetes mellitus. Angiographic score, capillary density, and foot perfusion were increased in CHOP-10(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. This effect was associated with a reduction in apoptosis and an upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in ischemic legs of CHOP-10(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. In agreement with these results, eNOS mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated in CHOP-10 short interfering RNA-transfected human endothelial cells, whereas overexpression of CHOP-10 inhibited basal transcriptional activation of the eNOS promoter. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we also showed that CHOP-10 was bound to the eNOS promoter. Interestingly, enhanced postischemic neovascularization in CHOP-10(-/-) mice was fully blunted in CHOP-10/eNOS double-knockout animals. Finally, we showed that induction of diabetes mellitus is associated with a marked upregulation of CHOP-10 that substantially inhibited postischemic neovascularization.This study identifies CHOP-10 as an important transcription factor modulating vessel formation and maturation.
ATTENUATION IN PERIPHERAL ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AFTER CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR ADVERSE EVENTS
Authors: Yasushi Matsuzawa, Tal Hasin, Raviteja Guddeti, Tatsuo Aoki, Sarah Schettle, Ryan Lennon, Ramesh Chokka, Soon J. Park, Amir Lerman, Sudhir Kushwaha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cardiovascular actions of lead and relationship to hypertension: a review.
Authors: S J Kopp, J T Barron, J P Tow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Chronic and acute lead poisoning cause overt, clinical symptoms of cardiac and vascular damage with potentially lethal consequences. Morphological, biochemical, and functional derangements of the heart have all been described in patients following exposure to excessive lead levels. Disturbances in cardiac electrical and mechanical activity and postmortem evidence of morphological and biochemical derangements of the myocardium have all been reported following excessive exposure to lead in humans. In addition, signs of vascular degeneration, abnormal vascular smooth muscle function, and altered vessel compliance have been described in humans chronically and acutely exposed to toxic lead levels. Similar cardiovascular complications have been detected following excessive lead exposure in experimental animals. Myocarditis, electrocardiographic disturbances, heightened catecholamine arrhythmogenicity, altered myocardial contractile responsiveness to inotropic stimulation, degenerative structural and biochemical changes affecting the musculature of the heart and vasculature, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, and increased vascular reactivity to alpha-adrenergic agonists have been among the reported cardiovascular disturbances linked to lead poisoning. Less certain are the cardiovascular effects of subclinical lead poisoning. Although controversial, chronic low-level lead exposure has been linked to hypertension and other cardiovascular disturbances in both clinical and experimental studies. In general, it can be concluded that lead over a wide range of exposure intensities can induce significant changes in the function of the cardiovascular system. Evidence points to the involvement of multiple sites of action. Cardiac and vascular sites, as well as sites within the central nervous system, have all been implicated in the sequelae of cardiovascular effects. The exact pathogenic mechanisms that underlie the actions of lead in the cardiovascular system, however, have yet to be elucidated definitively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Keratinocytes express dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26) in benign and malignant skin diseases
Authors: M. NOVELLI, P. SAVOLA, M.T. FIERRO, A. VRRRONE, P. QUAGLINO, M.G. BERNENGO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

CD26 expression on keratinocytes, in both normal and pathological skin, was investigated using immunohistochemical techniques. A sporadic focal CD26 positivity was found in normal skin, whereas increased expression of CD26 was observed both in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and in inflammatory skin diseases, e.g. psoriasis, lichen planus and spongiotic dermatitis, in the basal and spinous layers. CD26 keratinocyte staining was not specific for a single disease, but seems to be associated with the presence of a reactive or neoplastic infiltrate in the epidermis. We propose that the CD26 molecule may function as a keratinocyte activation antigen.
Critics question whether "friends and family" test in NHS is fit for prime minister's purpose
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The BMA and the NHS Alliance have questioned the value of the latest idea from the prime minister for all general practitioners in England to undergo the “friends and family” test as a way to root out services that offer unacceptable standards of care.

Last May the government announced that hospitals in England would be subject to the test from this April after a recommendation from the Nursing Quality Care Forum, which was set up last January after a number of high profile cases of poor care in the NHS.1

But on 4 January David Cameron said that the test, in which patients and staff are asked …
Asymptomatic gonorrhoea and chlamydial infection in rural Tanzanian men
Authors: H Grosskurth, P Mayaud, F Mosha, J Todd, K Senkoro, J Newell, R Gabone, J Changalucha, B West, R Hayes, D Mabey
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To measure the prevalence of urethritis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in rural Tanzanian men. <b>Design</b>: About 500 men aged 15-54 years were selected from each of 12 rural communities by random cluster sampling; interviewed concerning past or present symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases; and asked to provide a first catch urine specimen, which was tested for pyuria with a leucocyte esterase dipstick test. Subjects with symptoms or with a positive result on testing were examined, and urethral swabs were taken for detection of N gonorrhoeae by gram stain and of C trachomatis by antigen detection immunoassay. <b>Setting</b>: Mwanza region, north western Tanzania. <b>Subjects</b>: 5876 men aged 15-54 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence of urethral symptoms, observed urethral discharge, pyuria, urethritis (&gt;4 pus cells per high power field on urethral smear), N gonorrhoeae infection (intracellular gram negative diplococci), and C trachomatis infection (IDEIA antigen detection assay). <b>Results</b>: 1618 (28%) subjects reported ever having had a urethral discharge. Current discharge was reported by 149 (2.5%) and observed on examination in 207 (3.5%). Gonorrhoea was found in 128 subjects (2.2%) and chlamydial infection in 39 (0.7%). Only 24 of 158 infected subjects complained of urethral discharge at the time of interview (15%). <b>Conclusion</b>: Infection with N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis is commonly asymptomatic among men in this rural African population. This has important implications for the design of control programmes for sexually transmitted disease. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages After decades of neglect, facilities for their treatment are poorly developed in many countries There is increasing evidence that the treatable bacterial sexually transmitted diseases facilitate the heterosexual transmission of HIV Asymptomatic urethral infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis is common in rural Tanzanian men In view of the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection in both men and women, the control of sexually transmitted diseases in developing countries will require innovative approaches to screening or mass treatment, or both, in addition to improved clinical services for patients with symptoms
Adrenal Tuberculosis Revealed by FDG PET
Authors: Nathalie Roudaut, Jean-Marc Malecot, Eric Dupont, Nicolas Boussion, Dimitris Visvikis, Laurent Doucet, Veronique Kerlan, Catherine Cheze-Le Rest
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

FDG PET has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the characterization of adrenal masses. On the other hand, a large number of clinical conditions are now well identified as being responsible for false positives in oncological PET, often related to uptake because of inflammation or infection processes. For example, tuberculosis is known to generate abnormal FDG uptake at the thoracic level, and it could also be considered to be a potential cause of adrenal uptake. The authors present a rare case of bilateral uptake in a patient with adrenal insufficiency associated with bilateral masses. An adrenalectomy provided the final diagnosis of adrenal tuberculosis.