tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Simple Surgical Approach to the Management of Axillary Hyperidrosis
Authors: Harry J. Hurley
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In a simple surgical technique for the management of axillary hyperidrosis, removal of the majority of the central axillary sweat glands, responsible for 70% to 80% of the axillary secretion, accomplishes reduction of the sweating levels to those of the normal individual. The operation described does not require hospitalization and may be performed under local anesthesia. It consists of elliptical excision of a wedge of tissue across the width of the central axilla. In addition to its effect on axillary hyperidrosis, the procedure results also in reduction of axillary odor, and may be useful in the management of axillary bromidrosis.
Neurologic Sequelae of Meningitis
Authors: Arnold L. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Most meningitis that occurs in the United States cannot be prevented with a vaccine. Haemophilus influenzae remains the primary etiologic agent, with Streptococcus pneumoniae a distant second and Neisseria meningitidis third. Although there has been a small but perceptible decrease in the case fatality rate since penicillin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin became available, the medical importance of meningitis derives principally from its neurologic sequelae. In the period from 1954 to 1960, the fatality rate was 9.75 percent,1 from 1968 to 1970 it was 4.4 percent,2 and from 1982 to 1983, 1.5 percent.3 The major sequelae of meningitis consist of motor . . .
Types I and III collagens and the activities of prolyl hydroxylase and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase in skin lesions of tuberous sclerosis
Authors: A. OIKARINEN, R. PALATSI, S.L. LINNA, L. PELTONEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Collagen synthesis and the ratios of collagen types I and III were assayed from the skin lesions of five subjects with tuberous sclerosis. Collagen synthesis, measured by the activities of prolyl hydroxylase and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase, was clearly increased in three angiofibromas of these patients and in one soft tumour of the face, but it was unchanged in shagreen patches. The total collagen content was decreased in angiofibromas, indicating either increased turnover of collagen or an increased amount of cellular or other macromolecular elements in these lesions. The proportions of types I and III collagens, estimated by cyanogenbromide digestion and SDS-gel electrophoresis, were 80-90% and 10-20%, respectively, in all samples except two angiofibromas, in which the relative amount of type III collagen was increased. This may indicate that angiofibromas of tuberous sclerosis are heterogenous with respect to the collagen types they contain, and that there may be disturbed cell growth or collagen synthesis, with individual variation from case to case.
THE SURVIVAL OF STAPHYLOCOCCI WITHIN HUMAN LEUKOCYTES
Authors: David E. Rogers, Ralph Tompsett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

In a study of the phagocytosis of staphylococci by human leukocytes it has been observed that strains of staphylococci producing human infection were phagocytized by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro under conditions in which virulent pneumococci, streptococci, or Klebsiella were rarely engulfed. In the presence of human leukocytes in plasma there was a rapid fall in the numbers of viable staphylococci of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains, the beginning of which was detectable in 10 to 15 minutes. The fall in culturable pathogenic microorganisms was considerably less marked, however, and a rapid resurgence of growth occurred in 4 to 8 hours, whereas the number of culturable non-pathogenic microorganisms remained low for 18 to 24 hours. These differences appear to be explained by the observation that a significant number of microorganisms of pathogenic strains were able to survive within human leukocytes. Such intracellular survival was found to be associated with evidence of destruction of the leukocytes. In contrast, non-pathogenic strains of staphylococci failed to survive within human polymorphonuclear leukocytes following ingestion.
Abnormal Tracheal Deposition of Technegas on Ventilation-Perfusion Scanning Due to Endobronchial Malignancy
Authors: Ranjana Dwarkanath, Radhakrishnan Jayan, Sobhan Vinjamuri
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 63-year-old woman with dyspnea and hypoxia had ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) imaging for possible pulmonary embolism. Prominent focal deposition of Technegas was noted in the region of the carina on the ventilation scan. Subsequent computed tomography (CT) scan showed an endobronchial mass corresponding to the abnormality on ventilation scan. The Technegas was probably passively deposited on the mass, which was projecting into the tracheal lumen. This was proved by biopsy to be non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although rare, such focal abnormalities on V/Q scanning may represent malignancy and may warrant further investigation.
THE ENERGY REQUIRED FOR KERATIN SYNTHESIS..
Authors: K. M. HALPRIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article THE ENERGY REQUIRED FOR KERATIN SYNTHESIS.: A TheoreticalConsideration. Get access K. M. HALPRIN, M.D. K. M. HALPRIN, M.D. Department of Dermatology, The University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 10, 1 October 1966, Pages 541–543, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12144.x Published: 01 October 1966
Return of splenic function after splenectomy.
Authors: G H Hutchinson, S Nicholson, T Hawkins, C W Venables
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Dr Faizallah and others seem therefore to find themselves in a predicament.They have achieved results which are statistically powerful but not consistent with background clinical data.They attempt to explain their findings on the basis of poor compliance in the high dose antacid group and reference to a paper by Deering et a12 suggesting that single large doses of antacid increase gastric acid secretion.Compliance in their study may have been a problem, but most patients in the high dose group consumed an appreciable amount of antacid-judging by the high incidence of diarrhoea at two and four weeks (890' and
Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. III. Medical sects and their influence
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A sect comes into existence through two distinct yet related steps. First, some one person, not satisfied with traditional beliefs or actions, propounds new beliefs or ways of doing things. Second, through force of personality, together with favorable environmental conditions, he persuades other persons to follow him, to accept his beliefs and procedures. A sect is thus a splinter group, leaving tradition and following some definite leader on a new course. In medicine, sects have been numerous indeed, but in the first half of the 19th century the two most important were those founded by Samuel Thomson and Samuel Hahnemann. Samuel Thomson (1769-1843), born in a frontier region of New Hampshire, grew up on a farm in severe poverty. He had only the most minimal education, yet he did have a long-time interest in plants and their medicinal properties, an interest that eventually determined his life work. In sparsely settled
ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a genetically heterogeneous disease with widely disparate clinical outcomes
Authors: Edgardo R. Parrilla Castellar, Elaine S. Jaffe, Jonathan W. Said, Steven H. Swerdlow, Rhett P. Ketterling, Ryan A. Knudson, Jagmohan S. Sidhu, Eric D. Hsi, Shridevi Karikehalli, Liuyan Jiang, George Vasmatzis, Sarah E. Gibson, Sarah Ondrejka, Alina Nicolae, Karen L. Grogg, Cristine Allmer, Kay M. Ristow, Wyndham H. Wilson, William R. Macon, Mark E. Law, James R. Cerhan, Thomas M. Habermann, Stephen M. Ansell, Ahmet Dogan, Matthew J. Maurer, Andrew L. Feldman
Journal: Blood (2014)
Diminished expression of CD40 ligand by activated neonatal T cells.
Authors: S Nonoyama, L A Penix, C P Edwards, D B Lewis, S Ito, A Aruffo, C B Wilson, H D Ochs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

CD40 and CD40 ligand (gp39) mediate contact-dependent T-B cell interaction. We determined the expression of CD40 ligand by activated neonatal T cells and the response of neonatal B cells when activated through CD40. Although expression of CD40 ligand peaked simultaneously in both activated adult and neonatal cells, neonatal T cells expressed significantly less CD40 ligand surface protein and mRNA than adult T cells. Activated thymocytes also expressed far less CD40 ligand than adult T cells. Consistent with these results, activated neonatal T cells exhibited less helper function than activated adult T cells. Neonatal T cells primed and restimulated in vitro expressed CD40 ligand in amounts comparable with adult T cells and provided B cell help more effectively. This suggests that the poor expression of CD40 ligand reflects antigenic naiveté rather than an intrinsic defect of neonatal T cells. Neonatal B cells cultured with soluble CD40 ligand (sgp39) and IL-10 produced IgM in amounts comparable with adult cells, but much less IgG and IgA. Nevertheless, neonatal B cells were capable of proliferation and class switching, since sgp39 and IL-4 induced proliferation and IgE production comparable to adult B cells and production of modest amounts of IgG. Together, these results indicate that diminished CD40 ligand expression, along with decreased production of lymphokines, may be responsible, at least in part, for the transient immunodeficiency observed in human neonates.
Missed neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Authors: A. White, B. Everist
Journal: BMJ (1992)

the presenting features.All three patients were assessed and investigated by a neurologist, and no other diagnoses were obtained.Nystagmus, unsteady gait, and cranial palsies other than cranial nerve VI have, however, rarely been described in association.'The close temporal relation of the symptoms (including atypical symptoms and signs and lumbar puncture opening pressures) and successful treatment of the patients' myeloma strongly suggests an association but of course is not conclusive.Other mechanisms may be at playthe aetiology ofmononeuritis multiplex in myeloma remains obscure.Total protein content, sugar, and cytology of cerebrospinal fluid were all entirely within normal limits in all three cases.The computed tomo- graphy appearances were also normal (ventricles; no mass effect) apart from the empty sella as shown in our table.We agree that dural sinus thrombosis has to be excluded in patients presenting with benign intra- cranial hypertension.Our radiologists were specifically asked to exclude the possibility on the basis of contrast enhanced computed tomography scans.Magnetic resonance imaging and arteriography would be more sensitive methods but we did not feel they were justified as the presenting features were chronic in onset, the protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was not raised, and there were no red cells to suggest venous infarction.Most
Surgery for control of recurrent life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias within 2 months of myocardial infarction
Authors: John P. Bourke, Colin J. Hilton, Janet M. McComb, J.Campbell Cowan, Suda Tansuphaswadikul, Paul J. Kertes, Ronald W.F. Campbell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Tsewang Yishey Pemba
Authors: D. Pemba
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Helped Tibetan refugees fleeing Chinese occupation

“Three years in Lhasa during my adolescence were very happy sunny years, full of the most pleasant memories. What a charming city to live in; willow trees, picnics, flying of kites, watching shows and spectacles, and frolicking in the warm sands close to Dekyi Linga by the banks of the Tsangpo river,” wrote Dr Tsewang Yishey Pemba, who has died aged 79, in the Tibetan Review in 1977. “One day there was a great excitement in our house and we all made ready from early morning to go somewhere. It was only later that I learnt that His Holiness the fourteenth Dalai Lama was being escorted into the city after his discovery in the far East of Tibet.”

Tsewang Yishey Pemba was famed for being the first Tibetan to be trained in Western medicine, and he served as consultant physician to the Bhutan royal family. He helped to found the first hospital in Paro, Bhutan, and in 1967 became the first Tibetan to become a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. The rest of his professional life was spent working in India and Bhutan. Pemba is also widely regarded to have written the first work of fiction by a Tibetan in English, Idols on the Path , published in 1966.

Pemba was born in 1932 in Gyantse, …
Control of Cotton Dust Exposure-Reply
Authors: L. Holness
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Dr Christiani for his comments concerning our article and agree that engineering controls are the primary means by which exposure to abnormal levels of cotton dust should be controlled. The point of our article is that persons exposed to high levels for just one day may experience acute symptoms should they be exposed to an environment in which high levels have not been controlled. For these persons, a respirator would seem to be indicated. Additional protection such as respirators may be required in some environments until exposure is reduced to acceptable levels with the appropriate engineering controls.
Three Cases of Cyst of the Pancreas Treated by Incision and Drainage through the Anterior Abdominal Wall
Authors: B. Pollard
Journal: BMJ (1899)

THE diagnosis of pancreatic cysts by means of the clinical signs presented by thenm is adinitted to be very uncertain, and, as the condition is rather uncommon, it is desirable that eases should be reported; and there is the further reason for this course that surgeons have lnot yet decided which is the best way of dealing with them.Pancreatic cysts have been completely removed by some surgeons; by others they have been incised and drained through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall; anid by others they have been drained through the loin by an incision below the last rib.The cases recorded below were all treated by drainage through an anterior ab- dominal wound.It lhas been objected to this miethod, on the one hand, that the adlhesion whlich must of necessity be formed between the anterior and posterior walls of the abdomen might be injurious, and, on the other hand, that possibly simple drainage might not effect a permanent cure of the disease.I have delayed publication of these cases in order that, in regard to tlhem, time might shiow the validity orotherwise of tllese two objections.It is now nearly five years since my first case was operated upon; the second case was operated upon three years ago, and the third case two years ago.CASE I.
Esophageal Stricture Following Agranulocytosis Due to Sulfonamide Therapy
Authors: Burton D. Bryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

SULFONAMIDE therapy carries with it the threat of depression of the centers of blood formation and agranulocytosis and thus of agranulocytic angina. Should the process that sets up this angina extend to the esophagus, acute esophagitis results. The patient may survive the acute phases of the disease, only to face marked esophageal stenosis as a result of secondary cicatricial scarring. Investigation of the literature has revealed no reports similar to the following case of esophageal stricture resulting from agranulocytosis caused by sulfonamide therapy.In November, 1945, a 38-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a peritonsillar abscess.The past . . .
Hypokalaemia and diuretics: an analysis of publications.
Authors: D B Morgan, C Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Published data have been used to define the characteristics of the fall in serum potassium concentration after taking diuretics and the efficacy of the various treatments given to prevent or correct it. The average fall is less after the usual doses of frusemide (about 0.3 mmol/l) than after the usual doses of thiazides (about 0.6 mmol/l) and is little influenced by the dose or duration of treatment. The fall with a given drug is the same in heart failure and hypertension, but the initial serum potassium concentration is higher in heart failure, so that the final value is lower in hypertension. In standard doses potassium supplements are less effective than potassium-retaining diuretics in correcting the hypokalaemia. The relation between the average serum potassium value and the frequency of low values (hypokalaemia) is such that very low values after taking diuretics are unusual in patients with hypertension or heart failure. Hypokalaemia would almost disappear as an important complication of diuretic treatment if it was defined as a value less than 3.0 mmol/l rather than as a value less than 3.5 mmol/l.
Inhaled glucocorticoids decrease nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients.
Authors: S A Kharitonov, D H Yates, P J Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is elevated in untreated patients with asthma but not in patients treated with inhaled glucocorticoids. This may reflect an inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on the induction of the enzyme NO synthase in the respiratory tract. We have now studied the effect of an inhaled glucocorticoid (budesonide 800 micrograms twice daily via a dry powder delivery system for 3 wk) on exhaled NO in 11 patients with mild asthma in a double-blind crossover randomized-order placebo-controlled study. Exhaled NO was reduced from a baseline value of 203 +/- 29 parts per billion (ppb) to 120 +/- 26 ppb after 3 wk of treatment (p < 0.01), whereas there was no change after a matched placebo (169 +/- 20 at baseline compared with 184 +/- 16 ppb after 3 wk). A significant and progressive fall in exhaled NO was found from 1 to 3 wk. There was no significant change in FEV1 after inhaled steroids (although mean FEV1 was 92% predicted normal at baseline), although there was a reduction in airway responsiveness to methacholine (approximately 2.5 doubling dilutions). These results add further support to the view that the elevated levels of exhaled NO in asthma may derive from induction of an inducible isoform of NO synthase and indicate that exhaled NO may be a useful way of monitoring the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids and other anti-inflammatory treatments in asthma.
Choice among penicillins and cephalosporins.
Authors: L P Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In 1944 medical personnel in London was scattered and com munications were difficult, but a meeting at the Royal Society of Medicine in November of that year was one of the most crowded ever held there. Such an audience could then have been attracted by only one subject, penicillin, which at that time was proving its worth in the treatment of battle casualties. Of the opening speakers, Fleming is fully reported in the Proceedings, but Florey1 much more briefly, and without reference to a prediction he made-namely, that  day chemists will manipulate the penicillin molecule to improve its performance. Fulfilment of this prophecy came 15 years later with the isolation of the penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopeni cillanic acid. Until then about 30 natural penicillins had been known, whose formation could be induced by adding the ap propriate precursor to the culture medium. But the only functioning precursors were derivatives of acetic acid. Removal of the side chain enabled others of quite different nature to be attached and by such means several thousand new penicillins were eventually produced. Later the process of synthetic modification was applied to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, the nucleus of cephalosporin C. The result of these efforts is that many penicillins and cephalo sporins are now available for clinical use. It is difficult for the clinician to distinguish between the particular merits of so many similar antibiotics or to recognize the purposes for which some of them may fail, and it is the object of the following analysis to make these tasks easier. The list of those considered cannot be exhaustive, and is confined mainly to those now available in this country. It will be necessary to go over some old ground, and indeed to summarize developments which have occupied a further 15 years since Florey's original prophecy.
Solitary Renal Calix
Authors: Margaret D. Bischel
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ALTHOUGH many mammalian kidneys have a solitary calix or unipapillary kidney, to the best of our knowledge, only one such example in the human has been reported.<sup>1</sup>We report a second case. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Proteinuria was first detected in our patient (a 26-year-old woman) at the age of 11 years. Urinary protein determinations ranged from trace to 2+. Her blood pressure (BP) was 130/84 mm Hg. No additional records were available until age 23 years, when she was admitted for acute gastroenteritis. At that time, the serum albumin level was 2.1 g/dl, with an otherwise normal serum protein electrophoresis level. A serum antinuclear antibody titer was undetectable. Urine culture and sensitivity showed no growth. Urine protein was 3+ to 4+ on five determinations. The urine sediment level was normal, and the creatinine clearance was 67 ml/min. Three years later, the results of a routine examination disclosed mild
Targeting mitochondria with methylene blue protects mice against acetaminophen‐induced liver injury
Authors: Kang Kwang Lee, Naoki Imaizumi, Sally R. Chamberland, Nathan N. Alder, Urs A. Boelsterli
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a frequent cause of drug‐induced liver injury and the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the Western world. Previous studies with mouse models have revealed that impairment of mitochondrial respiration is an early event in the pathogenesis, but the exact mechanisms have remained unclear, and therapeutic approaches to specifically target mitochondria have been insufficiently explored. Here, we found that the reactive oxidative metabolite of APAP, N ‐acetyl‐ p ‐benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), caused the selective inhibition of mitochondrial complex II activity by &gt;90% in both mouse hepatic mitochondria and yeast‐derived complexes reconstituted into nanoscale model membranes, as well as the decrease of succinate‐driven adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis rates. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that methylene blue (MB), a mitochondria‐permeant redox‐active compound that can act as an alternative electron carrier, protects against APAP‐induced hepatocyte injury. We found that MB ( &lt; 3 µM) readily accepted electrons from NAPQI‐altered, succinate‐energized complex II and transferred them to cytochrome c , restoring ATP biosynthesis rates. In cultured mouse hepatocytes, MB prevented the mitochondrial permeability transition and loss of intracellular ATP without interfering with APAP bioactivation. In male C57BL/6J mice treated with APAP (450 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [IP]), MB (10 mg/kg, IP, administered 90 minutes post‐APAP) protected against hepatotoxicity, whereas mice treated with APAP alone developed massive centrilobular necrosis and increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity. APAP treatment inhibited complex II activity ex vivo , but did not alter the protein expression levels of subunits SdhA or SdhC after 4 hours. Conclusion : MB can effectively protect mice against APAP‐induced liver injury by bypassing the NAPQI‐altered mitochondrial complex II, thus alleviating the cellular energy crisis. Because MB is a clinically used drug, its potential application after APAP overdose in patients should be further explored. (H epatology 2015;61:326–336)