tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rectal Epithelium in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: DALE C. SNOVER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1985Rectal Epithelium in the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeDALE C. SNOVER, M.D.DALE C. SNOVER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-2-278_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the article by Kotler and associates (1), I was interested in the conclusion regarding the histopathology of the rectal epithelium in their patients with enteropathy and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the conclusion focal degeneration of crypt epithlial cells (apoptosis) was characteristic of this enteropathy and suggested a specific pathologic process. However, it is difficult to draw those conclusions from the material presented, because the finding of apoptotic bodies in rectal epthelium appears to be nonspecific and needs to be interpreted in its clinical context.The authors noted that apoptotic bodies have been found in graft-versus-host...References1. KOTLERGAETZLANGEKLEINHOLT DHMEP. Enteropathy associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:421-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SNOVERFILIPOVICHRAMSAYWEISDORFKERSEY DANSJ. Graft-versus-host-disease-like histopathological findings in pre-bone marrow transplantation biopsies of patients with severe T cell deficiency. Transplantation. 1985. (In press). CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. SNOVER D. Musocal damage simulating acute graft-versus-host reaction in cytomegalovirus colitis. Transplantation. 1985. (In press). Google Scholar4. SNOVERWEISDORFVERCELLOTTIRANKHUTTONMCGLAVE DSGBSP. The histopathology of gastric and small intestinal graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Hum Pathol. 1985. (In press). CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Minnesota Hospitals Minneapolis, MN 55455 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1985Volume 102, Issue 2Page: 278-279KeywordsAIDSApoptosisCellsEnteropathiesEpitheliumHistopathology Issue Published: 1 February 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Treating Depression and Anxiety in Primary Care
Authors: L Eisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Depression is one of the most common and most debilitating psychiatric disorders. It is usually recognized when patients present with clear-cut psychiatric symptoms, but many depressed patients have only physical symptoms for which no biologic cause can be found, and still others have symptoms out of proportion to the severity of their medical conditions. For the most part, depression is managed by primary care physicians. Unfortunately, the psychiatric problem frequently goes unrecognized, and even when the correct diagnosis is made, most patients are under-treated and continue to suffer. Improving the recognition and management of this condition is a worthy goal. . . .
Pathophysiology and treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Authors: M T Naughton
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a disorder characterised by recurrent central apnoeas during sleep alternating with a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of tidal volume.1 2 It is often observed in patients with congestive heart failure, usually during stages 1 and 2 non-REM sleep when ventilation is under chemical-metabolic control.2 Patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration usually present with the symptoms of orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, excessive daytime sleepiness and witnessed apnoeas in the setting of congestive heart failure.1 3 Excessive weight and snoring may be absent. Approximately 50% of patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure have sleep apnoea, mainly of the Cheyne-Stokes respiration variety.4-6 As congestive heart failure occurs in 1% of the adult population and doubles in prevalence for each decade beyond 60 years,7 Cheyne-Stokes respiration is common but often left unrecognised.

Based upon small case series, patients with congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration have a significantly greater mortality,8 9 particularly if present during wakefulness,10 than those without Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Although Cheyne-Stokes respiration is likely to arise as a result of congestive heart failure, once present it is likely to have adverse effects upon cardiac function akin to a vicious cycle. Following an initial cardiac insult there is a compensatory increase in sympathetic activity11 12 which in susceptible patients causes hyperventilation,13 destabilises respiratory control, and leads to Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Once Cheyne-Stokes respiration is established, apnoea related hypoxaemia causes cardiac diastolic dysfunction.14 Hypoxaemia and arousals lead to further increases in sympathetic activity15 which contribute to potentially fatal arrhythmias16-18 and further cardiotoxicity.19 

Hyperventilation and resultant increased work of the respiratory muscles probably play a part in the symptom of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea1 and place an increased demand upon the already reduced cardiac output.20 

Finally, patients with congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes …
Heterotopic Ossification Effect on Dual-Photon Absorptiometry of the Hip
Authors: CHARLES A. STEWART, GUO-LONG HUNG, DOUGLAS E. GARLAND, CHARLES D. ROSEN, RODNEY ADKINS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) is now widely used to determine bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and hips. Because the resulting images are often not of sufficient resolution to identify many bone or soft tissue abnormalities that may influence results, clinical and radiographic correlation is necessary. Presented are two cases in which results of DPA of the hips were elevated because of the presence of heterotopic ossification.
A memorable patient: Not an ordinary sore throat
Authors: J. Price
Journal: BMJ (2000)

It was a busy Saturday morning surgery. The patient was a 52 year old Menorcan waiter whom I knew vaguely, having seen him a few times when his marriage was in trouble. His new partner made the call at about 10 30 am when there were still 15 patients to see and three visits in the book. He had been down to the surgery the previous afternoon with a sore throat without a cough, and had been prescribed penicillin by one of my partners. His girlfriend said that he was no better and was having trouble breathing. I asked if he could come down to the surgery, to …
SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIAC DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE, IRRESPECTIVE OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION: A PROSPECTIVE 10-YEAR FOLLOW UP STUDY
Authors: Hiromichi Ueda, Takahisa Yamada, Yuji Okuyama, Takashi Morita, Yoshio Furukawa, Koji Tanaka, Yusuke Iwasakki, Taku Yasui, Takeshi Okada, Masato Kawasaki, Yuki Kuramoto, Masatake Fukunami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cellular localization of AT1 receptor mRNA and protein in normal placenta and its reduced expression in intrauterine growth restriction. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of vasorelaxants.
Authors: X Li, M Shams, J Zhu, A Khalig, M Wilkes, M Whittle, N Barnes, A Ahmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Angiotensin II (ANG II) is a potent vasoconstrictor and growth promoter. Quantitative receptor autoradiography using the nonselective radioligand [125I]ANG II and subtype-selective competing compounds demonstrated the presence of both ANG II receptor (AT)1 and AT2 receptor recognition sites. In addition, a relatively small population of apparently non-AT1/non-AT2 sites was identified that may represent a novel high affinity ANG II recognition site in human placenta. Using placental membrane preparations, the AT2 receptor antagonist PD123177 failed to compete for [3H]ANG II binding at relevant concentrations, whereas the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan competed in a monophasic manner for all the specific binding, suggesting that the non-AT1/non-AT2 recognition site identified using autoradiography may be a cytosolic binding site. AT1 receptor binding was significantly reduced (P < 0. 02) in intraeuterine growth restriction (IUGR) pregnancies. Western blot analysis confirmed this showing a reduction in AT1 receptor protein. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry revealed that AT1 receptor mRNA and protein were localized throughout pregnancy in the cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, and extravillous trophoblast, as well as in or around the blood vessels of placental villi. The intensity of the hybridization signal for AT1 receptor mRNA over the syncytium was reduced in IUGR. ANG II evoked a rapid and concentration-dependent release of NO in first trimester cytotrophoblast-like cells that was abolished by the inclusion of the competitive NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Neither losartan nor PD123177 alone significantly inhibited ANG II-evoked NO release, and when cells were stimulated with ANG II in the presence of losartan (10 microM) and PD123177 (10 microM) in combination, NO release was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). These observations also suggest, for the first time, the existence of a cross-talk between AT1 or AT2 receptors in trophoblast and that the reduction in placental AT1 receptors in IUGR may, in part, account for poor placental function in this disorder.
Pressure Ulcer Prevention With Low-Air-Loss Beds
Authors: Roy B. Verdery
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The high incidence of new ulcers seen by Inman et al<sup>1</sup>was due, in part, to a high incidence of stage I ulcers. Because there is no skin breakdown, diagnosis of stage I ulcers is more variable than diagnosis of ulcers of stages II through IV. How did the investigators control for interrater variability in diagnosis and staging of ulcers, since raters could not be blinded to treatment? About 25% of control patients developed ulcers of stage II or worse (severity score &gt;1). This is a very high rate in patients receiving close attention. Stage II ulcers usually develop from stage I ulcers. Standard treatment of stage I or worse ulcers, other than turning every 2 hours, was not described, and might have been inadequate. Development of ulcers was reported as the number of ulcers that occurred per subject studied. The risk of developing an ulcer
Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Hla‐Hla Thein, Qilong Yi, Gregory J. Dore, Murray D. Krahn
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Published estimates of liver fibrosis progression in individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are heterogeneous. We aimed to estimate stage-specific fibrosis progression rates and their determinants in these individuals. A systematic review of published prognostic studies was undertaken. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) presence of HCV infection determined by serological assays; (2) available information about age at assessment of liver disease or HCV acquisition; (3) duration of HCV infection; and (4) histological and/or clinical diagnosis of cirrhosis. Annual stage-specific transition probabilities (F0→F1, … , F3→F4) were derived using the Markov maximum likelihood estimation method and a meta-analysis was performed. The impact of potential covariates was evaluated using meta-regression. A total of 111 studies of individuals with chronic HCV infection (n = 33,121) were included. Based on the random effects model, the estimated annual mean (95% confidence interval) stage-specific transition probabilities were: F0→F1 0.117 (0.104–0.130); F1→F2 0.085 (0.075–0.096); F2→F3 0.120 (0.109–0.133); and F3→F4 0.116 (0.104–0.129). The estimated prevalence of cirrhosis at 20 years after the infection was 16% (14%–19%) for all studies, 18% (15%–21%) for cross-sectional/retrospective studies, 7% (4%–14%) for retrospective-prospective studies, 18% (16%–21%) for studies conducted in clinical settings, and 7% (4%–12%) for studies conducted in nonclinical settings. Duration of infection was the most consistent factor significantly associated with progression of fibrosis. Conclusion: Our large systematic review provides increased precision in estimating fibrosis progression in chronic HCV infection and supports nonlinear disease progression. Estimates of progression to cirrhosis from studies conducted in clinical settings were lower than previous estimates. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Effects of inhaled acids on airway mucus and its consequences for health.
Authors: B Holma
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The high molecular fractions, i.e., greater than 100,000 dalton, are found to be most responsible for the H+ ion absorption capacity of the mucus in the respiratory tract. This function serves as a protection against the penetration of the H+ ion to the surrounding tissue. Acidifying mucus with a high concentration of protein, mainly glycoproteins, results in increased viscosity, which affects various lung functions. After acid saturation of the mucus, the H+ ion will react with the epithelial tissue, which results in increased permeability and a variety of effects. Acidic mucus or mucus with a low protein concentration, as in some asthmatics, constitutes a base for risk groups regarding acidic exposures. A rough estimate indicates that persons with normal mucus buffer capacity and protein content can tolerate about 3000 micrograms SO2/m3 or 300 micrograms H2SO4/m3 per 30 min.
Alopecia of Eyebrows
Authors: Andrew Kallos
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to make a correction to the statement that appeared in the Question and Answers section ofThe Journal, regarding Alopecia of Eyebrows (<b>179</b>:994 [March 24] 1962). Syphilis should be included among the diseases causing Alopecia Areata of the eyebrows, even though this disease is much less frequent today than in the days of Fournier. The French syphilologist described the partial loss of eyebrows due to syphilis as the classic Sign of the Omnibus (public conveyance) where one could make a diagnosis of the disease merely by observing the passengers.
Anaphylaxis after Oseltamivir (Tamiflu<sup>®</sup>) therapy in a patient with sensitization to star anise and celery‐carrot‐mugwort‐spice syndrome
Authors: G. Hirschfeld, L. Weber, A. Renkl, K. Scharffetter‐Kochanek, J. M. Weiss
Journal: Allergy (2008)
Oral contraceptives and pituitary adenomas.
Authors: S J Wingrave, C R Kay, M P Vessey
Journal: BMJ (1980)

activity may be limited.Unwanted effects, reflecting its central and autonomic nervous system activity, include insomnia, nervousness, dry mouth, constipation, and excessive sweating.These would not induce toxicity and it seems in our case that mazindol's anorexic activity caused the intoxication.
Cost of US health reforms is estimated at $1.6 trillion for first 10 years
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

President Barack Obama’s proposed health reforms are expected to cost $1.6 trillion (£1 trillion; €1.1 trillion) in new money over the first 10 years, at least a third more than advocates had hoped, the Congressional Budget Office has estimated.

Douglas Elmendorf, director of the office, said, “While popular measures such as increasing preventive care, expanding the use of electronic medical records, and rewarding doctors for choosing more effective treatments have the potential to lower costs, little reliable evidence exists about exactly how to implement those types of changes.”

The office has the task of evaluating the cost of any proposed legislation. It is scrupulously non-partisan, and its numbers are highly respected, though often …
Islamic Goals for Clinical Treatment at the End of Life: The Concept of Accountability Before God (<i>Taklīf</i>) Remains Useful: Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Ethical Obligations and Clinical Goals in End-of-Life Care: Deriving a Quality-of-Life Construct Based on the Islamic Concept of Accountability Before God (<i>Taklīf</i>)”
Authors: Aasim Padela, Afshan Mohiuddin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Our target article aimed to advance professional conversations and multidisciplinary engagement regarding the ethics of end-of-life care from an Islamic perspective. If the open commentaries are an...
Abstract 583: Treatment of human liver cancer in nude mice with a tumor-targeting <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> auxotroph
Authors: Yong Zhang, Ming Zhao, Fang Liu, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have previously developed a tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium double-amino acid auxotrophic strain termed A1-R (Cancer Research 66, 7647-7652, 2006; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 10170-10174, 2007). In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of A1-R against a nude mouse model of human liver cancer. GFP-expressing A1-R bacteria targeted, colonized, and replicated in the human liver tumor growing s.c. in transgenic nude mice expressing RFP as observed by fluorescence imaging on day 3 after i.v. injection of A1-R. Subsequently, the bacteria grew throughout most of the tumor by day 10 after i.v. injection. Bacterial growth within the tumor was observed by fluorescence imaging of the infected tumor tissue in transverse sections. For efficacy experiments, bacteria (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl) were inoculated i.v. in HepG2-bearing nude mice. Tumor growth was monitored by caliper measurement in two dimensions. Treatment with A1-R resulted in tumor shrinkage. The difference in tumor volume between the treated and control group was statistically significant. There were no obvious toxic effects on the host even with 5 × 107 A1-R injected i.v. The mice tolerated A1-R treatment and could survive as long as untreated mice. A1-R only replicated and persisted within the microenvironment of the tumor and not outside the tumor site. The results suggest the potential of bacterial therapy of liver cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 583.
The Management of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Rural Colorado
Authors: Charles M. Abernathy
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Kit Carson died of a ruptured aneurysm in rural Colorado in 1868. Since that time, techniques for management of aortic aneurysms have been developed and disseminated to rural areas with small hospitals. A survey of six Colorado rural hospitals' experience with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms is presented. Fifty-seven ruptured aneurysms had been managed during periods ranging from three to ten years. The average time to the operating room was 3.5 to 4.0 hours after hospital arrival and less than 45 minutes after diagnosis. Of those cases arriving with a systolic blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg, the mortality was 56%. The overall mortality was 53%. Groups are analyzed according to preoperative delay, occurrence of shock, and other risk factors. The results are compared with several series from metropolitan hospitals. Techniques of management that are of potential benefit in low-volume vascular case settings are discussed.
ISAAC in Hanoi, Vietnam: 1999–2002
Authors: S.K. Chai, N.N. Nga, H. Checkoway, T.T. Binh, T.K. Takaro, G.J. Redding, D.K. Van, P.H. Son, M.C. Keifer, L.V. Trung, S. Barnhart
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Ventricular contraction abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy: effect of biventricular pacing to correct interventricular dyssynchrony
Authors: Walter F. Kerwin, Elias H. Botvinick, J.William O’Connell, Scot H. Merrick, Teresa DeMarco, Kanu Chatterjee, Kim Scheibly, Leslie A. Saxon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Medicine and Mass Communication: An Agenda for Physicians
Authors: PETER M. SANDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Because the medical content of the mass media significantly affects public attitudes and behavior, physicians should participate more fully as critics and sources of that content. Attempts to sway audiences with medical information alone are often unsuccessful. Communication is more likely to be effective when it offers people something they want, such as satisfaction of a need or legitimation of an existing value. Except for advertising, the media seldom engineer their impact intentionally. Instead, the producers of news and entertainment rely heavily on sources, critics, and pressure groups outside the communications industry. By mastering the patterns of media impact and the rudiments of public relations, physicians can make the media a useful tool of medicine.
THE EVOLVING OF PET (F18-FDG) IMAGING IN CLINICAL MEDICINE
Authors: Giselle Vasquez, Giancarlo A Vento, Mozafareddin K. Karimeddini, John A. Vento
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
What is intention to treat analysis?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated the effectiveness of a home based early intervention on children’s body mass index at age 2 years. A randomised controlled trial was used. The intervention consisted of eight home visits from specially trained community nurses in the first 24 months after birth. This intervention was in addition to the usual childhood nursing services from community health service nurses. The control group received the usual childhood nursing services alone. Participants were first time mothers and their infants.1

The primary outcome was the child’s body mass index at age 2. In total, 667 first time mothers and their infants were recruited to the trial; 337 were allocated to intervention and 330 to control. An intention to treat analysis showed that mean body mass index was significantly lower in the intervention group (16.53) than in the control group (16.82) (mean difference −0.29, 95% confidence interval −0.55 to −0.02; P=0.04).

Which of the following statements, if any, describe intention …