tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The functional properties of nephronectin: An adhesion molecule for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Chinmoy Patra, Filomena Ricciardi, Felix B. Engel
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)

Despite significant advances in preventive cardiovascular medicine and therapy for acute and chronic heart failure, cardiovascular diseases remain among the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years cardiac tissue engineering has been established as a possible future treatment option for cardiac disease. However, the quality of engineered myocardial tissues remains poor. In tissue engineering it is important that the scaffold allows cells to attach, spread, maintain their differentiation status or differentiate into functional cells in order to exhibit their physiological function. Here, we have investigated the suitability of the natural cardiac extracellular matrix component nephronectin as an adhesive material for cardiac tissue engineering. Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were seeded on collagen-, fibronectin- or nephronectin-coated glass coverslips and analyzed for cell adhesion, cellular metabolic activity, response to extracellular stimuli, cell-to-cell communication, differentiation and contractility. Our data demonstrate that most neonatal cardiomyocytes attached in an RGD domain-dependent manner within 18 h to nephronectin. The cells exhibited high metabolic activity, responded to growth factor stimuli and maintained their differentiation status. Moreover, nephronectin promoted sarcomere maturation and alignment, cell-to-cell communication and synchronous contractions. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that nephronectin has excellent properties for cardiomyocyte adhesion and function and thus has the potential to improve current cardiac tissue engineering approaches.
The Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 in Oxidative Damage–Induced Cell Death
Authors: Jun-Ying Zhou, Yusen Liu, Gen Sheng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a member of the MAPK phosphatase family that functions as a negative regulator of MAPK signaling. MKP-1 is induced by oxidative stress, but the role of its induction in cell death is not fully understood. Here, we show that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induces MKP-1 and activates MAPKs. Induction of MKP-1 by H2O2 correlated with inactivation of p38 and c-Jun-NH2-kinase (JNK). Overexpression of MKP-1 increased cell resistance to H2O2-induced death. Furthermore, we show by small interfering RNA silencing that down-regulation of MKP-1 increases phosphorylated p38 and JNK and subsequent cell death induced by H2O2. More importantly, primary embryonic fibroblasts from mice lacking MKP-1 had a higher level of phosphorylated p38 and JNK and were more sensitive to H2O2-induced cell death compared with corresponding cells with MKP-1, indicating that p38 and JNK pathways may play important roles in H2O2-mediated cell death. Thus, these results suggest that activation of MKP-1 is a survival mechanism against oxidative damage. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4888-94)
MACHINE LEARNING OF STS AND ECHO DERIVED FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS PREDICTS AORTIC STENOSIS MORTALITY BETTER THAN THE STS MORTALITY SCORE ALONE
Authors: Wendy Tsang, Ivan S. Salgo, Mark Gajjar, Benjamin Freed, Lynn Weinert, Sandeep Nathan, Atman Shah, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Physician's Assistant
Authors: Clifford L. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The rapid and widespread expansion of training programs for physicians' assistants presents a striking phenomenon, especially in a profession noted for cautious restraint in accepting innovations affecting relationships with patients. In less than six years, 50 such programs have been set up under the auspices of medical schools, specialty bodies, medical societies, and other professional groups. At least an equal number are under development. This proliferation of programs and the prominence given to physicians' assistants in both professional and popular publications, which contain repeated references to the 20,000 to 30,000 medical corpsmen who return to civilian life each year, could easily create the impression that assistants are, or soon will be, available to the medical profession in large numbers. In reality, only 200 physicians' assistants have so far been graduated. The arrival of these supporting reinforcements on the front line of medical care delivery is occurring at a far slower
Anesthesia and Multiple Sclerosis-Reply
Authors: Lorene M. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> The effect of spinal anesthesia on exacerbation risk in the postpartum period is one of several obstetrical concerns in multiple sclerosis that deserve rigorous study. Our study did not allow us to address this issue because the data was collected in the context of a larger study in which detailed information regarding labor and delivery was not sought. As Dr Birnbach and colleagues point out, the studies published to date have not provided strong evidence that spinal anesthesia is a risk factor for disease exacerbations. Most of the published studies on this issue have been small case series that are limited in their generalizability. The most widely cited study of the effect of anesthesia in multiple sclerosis found that one of three women studied who received spinal anesthesia during delivery experienced an exacerbation in the postpartum period.<sup>1</sup>This percentage (33%) is almost identical to the postpartum
A CONTROLLED STUDY OF DIAZEPAM IN PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENTS
Authors: H. MARLIN BEERMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

A series of 103 patients with psychoneurotic or psychotic disorders, most of whom had been under treatment for a long period, were given diazepam (Valium) for periods ranging up to a year. The usual dosage was 5 mg. t.i.d. but the daily intake was adapted to each patient in a range of 6 to 50 mg./day, taken in 3 to 8 doses. In a few cases of severe depression isocarboxazid was used adjunctively. Results of diazepam therapy were judged good or excellent in 98 patients (95%). The agent was especially potent in relieving anxiety-tension, panic and depression, and raised the emotional tone of patients, enabling them to think more clearly and to relate better to other people and to their work. Of the series 60 were switched to identical placebo medication on a blind basis. Half of them, after a month on placebo, became definitely worse in all symptoms, 21 showed no change, and 9 maintained gains previously made under the active drug. The psychotic patients regressed more rapidly under placebo than those with psychoneurotic reactions. In the author's experience, the percentage of improvement under diazepam, and the recurrence of symptoms on placebo are noteworthy. It is the best drug he has ever used in alleviating anxiety, and especially depressions in the older individuals. Of other controlled studies(9-11) that of Vilkin and Lomas, of 95 hospitalized and private patients, agrees most closely with the author's in the following observations: 1. Dosage of 5 mg. t.i.d. appears to be the most acceptable intake, and at this level patients become tranquil but mentally alert. 2. Patients in the difficult years between 40 and 60 do extremely well on diazepam, rapidly experiencing relief from anxiety, depression, phobias and inability to function well in work or personal relations. 3. Diazepam exerts a desirable degree of stimulation in helping the overwhelmed patient to regain confidence in himself, so that he or she can return to work or to household duties which had seemed too difficult to cope with. 4. Habituation to sedatives and analgesics may be corrected in some patients and in others a reduction of intake is possible. Patients scheduled for EST may in some cases achieve a remission on diazepam alone. 5. When patients who have been improving on diazepam are switched to placebo their symptoms are apt to return. The author feels that the use of adjunctive drugs with diazepam should be further studied. In the present investigation, insomnia, a chronic symptom in most of the patients, was apt to persist, albeit in a milder form, when diazepam was the sole medication. The addition of a sleeping pill was indicated in stubborn cases. A second possibility is the concomitant use of isocarboxazid (Marplan) in severe depressions. Pignataro(12) reports marked success with this procedure, and the author's experience of combined therapy in a few cases was similarly satisfactory. Diazepam appears to combine well with the medications used in this study, and its lack of toxicity should make exploration of this field fruitful.
Kathleen Mary Laing (nee Sumner)
Authors: E. Sumner
Journal: BMJ (2002)

after a series of strokes.After 10 years with a general practice in Coventry, he left to establish a singlehanded practice in his home.No boundary existed between his work and his after-work activities.Today he would have been considered a workaholic, but he was simply at his most relaxed when with or on call for his patients.His favourite holiday was walking, particularly in the Lake District.His daily exercise was to gather and to saw logs for his fire.There was little he did not know about logs, their expert dissection, and the qualities they would demonstrate when they burned.He leaves a wife, Hildegard; four children; and seven grandchildren.[
Supplementary Imaging for Breast Cancer Screening in High-Risk Women
Authors: Steven A. Narod
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and myocardial fibrosis
Authors: C Brilla
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

See article by Bishop et al. [26] (pages 57–67) in this issue. 

During the past decade, evidence has been provided that the circulating and local renin–angiotensin–aldosterone systems (RAAS) promote the development of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease and chronic heart failure [1,2] including in vitro experiments using adult rat cardiac fibroblasts where both angiotensin II (AngII) [3–5] and aldosterone [3] stimulate collagen synthesis in a dose-dependent manner while AngII additionally suppresses the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 1, the key enzyme of interstitial collagen degradation [3], that synergistically leads to progressive collagen accumulation within the myocardial interstitium. This could be proved in in vivo studies in renovascular hypertension [1], with chronic administration of aldosterone [1,6,7], or in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of genetic hypertension [8–12] where a local cardiac AngII generating system is operative [13]. Therefore, the physiological role of RAAS on the development of myocardial fibrosis could be established. In particular, in various models of experimental hypertension with comparable degrees of elevated systolic arterial pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), myocardial fibrosis was found only in the presence of stimulated circulating RAAS, i.e., in renovascular hypertension, or when aldosterone was chronically infused via subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps to raise plasma aldosterone levels as seen in congestive heart failure. There, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis was found in either ventricle, the pressure-overloaded, hypertrophied left ventricle and the non-overloaded, not hypertrophied right ventricle [1]. In contrast, myocardial fibrosis was absent in either ventricle of hypertensive rats with infrarenal aortic band where RAAS was not activated although LVH was present [1].

Furthermore, low output heart failure models, like rapid pacing in dogs, were associated with activation of RAAS and progressive increase in preload. There, myocardial fibrosis was seen in either ventricle [14]. On the … 

* Tel.: +49-6421-286-4980; fax: +49-6421-286-8954 brilla{at}t-online.de
Preoperative prediction of significant coronary artery disease in patients with valvular heart disease.
Authors: D R Ramsdale, E B Faragher, D H Bennett, C L Bray, C Ward, D C Beton
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A prognostic index for predicting significant coronary artery disease was established using multiple logistic regression analysis of clinical data from 643 patients with valvular heart disease who had undergone routine coronary arteriography before valve replacement. The index or equation obtained incorporated the presence of angina, a family history of ischaemic heart disease, age, cigarette smoking habits, mitral valve disease, sex, and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction. The equation was validated using prospective data from 387 patients with valvular disease and shown to enable almost a third of routine coronary arteriograms to be omitted while maintaining 95% sensitivity for patients with coronary artery disease. Similar analysis of the more detailed prospective data produced a second discriminant function incorporating diastolic blood pressure, total cigarettes smoked in life, the severity of angina, family history of ischaemic heart disease, age, current cigarette smoking habits, and the ratio of total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol. This method improved the discrimination between patients with and without coronary artery disease, allowing omission of 30% of routine coronary arteriograms with 100% sensitivity for patients with coronary disease and omission of 41% with a 96% sensitivity level.
Microscopical comparison of cotton, corn, and soybean dusts.
Authors: W R Goynes, B F Ingber, M S Palmgren
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Specialized analytical methods are required for identification of components of agricultural dusts such as those generated in harvesting, transportation, storage, and processing of cotton, corn, and soybeans. The larger particles and trash components of the dusts can often be identified visually or with the aid of an optical microscope (OM). The respirable portion of the dust, that which causes lung dysfunction, retains few structural features for identification. Electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis, together with special optical microscopical techniques, can be used to characterize these microdusts. Combination studies with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of cotton dusts have shown the presence of mineralogical particles probably of a soil origin and materials that can be associated with plant parts. Even in screened and filtered cotton dusts, fibrillar fragments are usually present due to their ability to penetrate openings the size of their diameters. The corn and soybean dusts studied were different from the cotton dust in that the large fibrillar component of the cotton dust was absent in the screened grain dusts. However, these dusts consisted of structurally unrecognizable particles that appeared similar to those found in cotton dust. In addition they contained many spheroid particles identified as starch. Dusts from all three sources were found to agglomerate into larger particles, some of which were still less than 10 micron. This agglomeration could confuse the instrumental measurement of dust particle size.
The Multichain Interleukin-2 Receptor: A Target for Immunotherapy
Authors: Thomas A. Waldmann, Ira H. Pastan, Otto A. Gansow, Richard P. Junghans
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Activation of resting T-lymphocytes induces synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and expression of cell surface receptors for this lymphokine. In contrast to resting normal T-cells that do not express high-affinity IL-2 receptors (IL-2R), abnormal T-cells of patients with leukemia-lymphoma, certain autoimmune disorders, and individuals rejecting allografts express this receptor. Exploiting this difference in receptor expression, antibodies to the IL-2 receptor have been used effectively to treat patients with leukemia and lymphoma. One approach is to use monoclonal antibodies produced in mice; the disadvantage is that they are highly immunogenic. In an effort to reduce the immunogenicity of the mouse monoclonal antibodies, monoclonalantibody-mediated therapy has been revolutionized by generating humanized antibodies produced by genetic engineering in which the molecule is human except for the antigen-combining regions, which are retained from the mouse. Further, to increase its cytotoxic effectiveness, the monoclonal antibody has been armed with toxins or radionuclides. Alternatively, IL-2 itself has been linked to a toxin to kill IL-2 receptor-bearing cells. Thus, IL-2 receptor-directed therapy provides a new method for treating certain neoplastic diseases and autoimmune disorders and for preventing allograft rejection.
AML patients with CEBPα mutations mostly retain identical mutant patterns but frequently change in allelic distribution at relapse: a comparative analysis on paired diagnosis and relapse samples
Authors: L-Y Shih, D-C Liang, C-F Huang, J-H Wu, T-L Lin, P-N Wang, P Dunn, M-C Kuo, T-C Tang
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Na+-Ca2+ exchange in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: E G Nabel, B C Berk, T A Brock, T W Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) contract as intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) rises. While Na+-Ca2+ exchange has been proposed to contribute to transmembrane Ca2+ flux, its role in cultured VSMC is unknown. Accordingly, we have investigated the role of Na+-Ca2+ exchange in unidirectional and net transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes in cultured rat aortic VSMC under basal conditions and following agonist-mediated stimulation. Transmembrane Ca2+ uptake was significantly increased in response to a low external Na+ concentration ([Na+]o) compared with 140 mM [Na+]o. Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake in response to low [Na+]o was further increased by intracellular Na+ loading by preincubation of the VSMC with 1 mM ouabain. Under steady-state conditions, Ca2+ content varied inversely with [Na+]o, increasing from 1.0 nmol Ca2+/mg protein at 140 mM [Na+]o to 4.0 nmol Ca2+/mg protein at 20 mM [Na+]o. Increasing [K+]o to 55 mM also enhanced Na+-dependent Ca2+ influx. Augmentation of Ca2+ uptake with K+ depolarization was not significantly inhibited by the calcium channel antagonist verapamil. Transmembrane Ca2+ efflux was increased in response to 130 mM [Na+]o compared with zero [Na+]o (iso-osmotic substitution with choline+), and was further stimulated by the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, which is known to elevate [Ca2+]i. These changes in [Ca2+]i were studied directly using fura-2 fluorescence measurements. Elevated [Ca2+]i levels returned to baseline more rapidly in the presence of normal (130 mM) [Na+]o compared with zero [Na+]o (iso-osmotic substitution with choline+). These findings suggest that a bidirectional Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism is present in cultured rat aortic VSMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Understanding Adherence Requires Pragmatic Trials
Authors: Andrea J. Apter
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
FATALITIES FROM LOCAL ANESTHETICS
Authors: EMIL MAYER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Since the publications of the Committee for the Study of Toxic Effects of Local Anesthetics<sup>1</sup>in 1924 I have been in receipt of many communications. All expressed their appreciation to the Board of Trustees and the Therapeutic Research Committee of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry for instituting and supporting the investigation. Without making any special effort to secure reports of further fatalities, I have learned of fourteen additional deaths, none recorded in medical journals. With one exception these occurred in a limited but very populous area of about 6,000,000 inhabitants during 1925, 1926 and 1927. The local anesthetics used were: cocaine, three; cocaine-procaine, two; procaine, eight; butyn, one. The cocaine-procaine fatalities were recorded as procaine, but the history obtained showed that cocaine had been used first. In at least two of the procaine fatalities the patients seem to have been practically moribund before operation was attempted. Of remarkable interest
The Sub-Section on Tropical Medicine.
Authors: Albert S. Ashmead
Journal: JAMA (1903)

New York, March 28, 1903 <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Allow me the observation that tropical medicine is of such vast importance that a sub-section as proposed by you and which you editorially endorse would not cover the ground. Why should the Section on Hygiene and Sanitary Science have anything to do with it? That section has as much interest in every other section as it would have in tropical medicine.