tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of sex steroids on inflammation and bone metabolism
Authors: Harlan J. Shiau, Mary E. Aichelmann‐Reidy, Mark A. Reynolds
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2013)

Abstract Sex steroids are central to sexual development and reproduction, exerting pleiotropic effects on multiple tissues and organs throughout the lifespan of humans. Sex steroids are fundamental to skeletal development, bone homeostasis and immune function. The composite effect of sex‐specific genetic architecture and circulating levels of sex‐steroid hormones closely parallels differences in the immune response and may account for corresponding sex‐related differences in risk for chronic periodontitis, with men exhibiting greater susceptibility than women. Age‐associated reductions in sex steroids also provide insight into apparent temporal increases in susceptibility to periodontitis and alveolar bone loss, particularly among women. Chronic infection and inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal disease, provide a unique platform for exploring the interface of sex steroids, immunity and bone metabolism.
Über die Behandlung yon Asozialen in einer geschlossenen psychotherapeutischen Abteilung
Authors: K. Kaila
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The author reports about a small closed psychotherapeutic ward. The personnel exceeded in number that of the patients. The team was from the beginning familiar with the psychotherapy of psychoses and of severe psychosomatic cases. Gradually the team also managed to enter into a psychotherapeutic process with young asocial female patients. It was unavoidable to keep these patients in the beginning strictly confined to the ward during a certain, individually varying period of time. These circumstances led 'spontaneously' to intensive contacts and tensions the working through of which proved to be fruitful, to be effective psychotherapy.
Book Review Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders (Current Clinical Neurology.) Second edition. Edited by Henry J. Kaminski. 310 pp., illustrated. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2009. $139. 978-1-58829-852-2 (cloth); 978-1-59745-156-7 (e-book).
Authors: Jan Verschuuren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Rapid resetting of the aortic baroreceptors in the rabbit and its implications for short-term and longer term reflex control.
Authors: P K Dorward, M C Andresen, S L Burke, J R Oliver, P I Korner
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

We studied the effects of sustained changes in resting mean arterial pressures (MAP) on arterial baroreceptor properties in anesthetized rabbits and on the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex in conscious animals.The rabbits had balloons implanted round their aorta and vena cava, for producing transient changes in MAP about the resting MAP.Aortic baroreceptor function curves were obtained at different resting MAP by relating balloon-induced changes in MAP to either (1) integrated aortic nerve activity or (2) unit baroreceptor activity.Any sustained change in resting MAP reset the unit function curves in the same direction within 15 minutes by altering their threshold without affecting gain.The effect was reversible and independent of starting pressure.It was the same whether resting MAP was altered by vasoactive drugs (nitroprusside, phenylephrine) or was changed by withdrawing or infusing blood in sympathetically blocked rabbits.We studied baroreflex function in conscious rabbits by deriving MAP-heart period (HP) curves at different resting MAP.Nitroprusside lowered baroreflex threshold for evoking bradycardia, whereas phenylephrine increased threshold.From our analysis, the resting MAP-mediated changes in receptor threshold accounted for the reflex threshold changes.Altered baroreceptor properties did not account for changes in baroreflex HP range produced by both drugs, and in reflex gain; these were probably due to afferent interactions in the CNS.Because of rapid arterial baroreceptor resetting, transient changes (of about 30 seconds or less) in MAP of moderate magnitude evoked normal reflex heart rate responses at each resting MAP.After changes in resting MAP sustained for 15 minutes or longer, reflex changes in resting heart rate were considerably smaller than in the absence of resetting.Therefore the arterial baroreceptors provide the baroreflex with a "floating" rather than a fixed set point, determined by the prevailing MAP.
Problem drinking in middle age doubles risk of memory loss later in life, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A history of problem drinking in middle age more than doubles the risk of developing severe memory problems later in life, a new study has found. The study was carried out by researchers from the University of Exeter Medical School in the United Kingdom and was published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry .1 

The paper’s lead author was Elzbieta Kuzma, a research fellow in neuroepidemiology, and the senior author was Iain Lang, senior lecturer in public health.

Researchers looked at the association between a history of alcohol use disorder in middle age and participants’ memory and cognitive function later in life. The study considered 6542 middle aged men and women born from 1931 …
406 FULL GENOME ULTRA-DEEP PYROSEQUENCING INDICATES AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF HYPERMUTATION IN THE NATURAL PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: B. Beggel, C. Münk, M. Däumer, M. Neumann-Fraune, K. Hauck, D. Häussinger, T. Lengauer, A. Erhardt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Left ventricular hypertrophy and its reversibility in young spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: L. WEISS, Y. LUNDGREN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

The development of an increased ventricular wall mass was followed from birth until five weeks of age and also later in life in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which were compared with normotensive control rats (NCR). It was shown that the first signs of enhanced ventricular growth were already evident in SHR in the first week of life. At 10 months of age left ventricular weight was 68% higher in SHR than in matched NCR, at a mean pressure difference of 30%. Treatment of SHR with antihypertensive agents, like hydralazine, hydralazine-guanethidine, propranolol, or metoprolol, from three weeks up to 10 months of age reduced this gross increase in left ventricular weight by only about 10% while the mean pressure difference between SHR and NCR was reduced by 50 to 70%. It appears that the increase in left ventricular wall mass in SHR is initiated so early in life and is of such a character that it can only, to a fairly minor extent, be reversed or prevented by pressure-lowering procedures. Part of the explanation may be a substantial contribution of myocardial hyperplasia, in association with a genetically linked predisposal to structural cardiovascular adaptation, either 'inherent' in the effectors and/or caused by 'trophic' influences of a hormonal and/or transmitter nature.
Scleroderma After Silicone Augmentation Mammoplasty
Authors: Garry S. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  Dr Spiera 1 raises again the specter of silicone breast implants somehow being associated with autoimmune disorders, specifically, scleroderma. At first blush, the 4.4% of his patients with scleroderma who had implants contrasts dramatically with the 0.3% of his patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had breast augmentation and could possibly represent the first real documented connection. However, one must be wary of assuming causal relationships of two medical events merely because they are visible. There is too much confounding information available that casts doubt on this association.  Certainly, gel-filled implants do bleed or sweat small quantities of silicone through the elastomeric envelope, and fine droplets of silicone are found in the scar capsule around the implant, axillary nodes, and possibly in minute but unmeasurable quantities throughout all body tissues. By the same token, there is probably no human in the civilized world whose body does not contain
721 ETHANOL-INDUCED CYTOCHROME P450 2E1 CAUSES CARCINOGENIC ETHENO-DNA LESIONS IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Y. Wang, G. Millonig, J. Nair, E. Patsenker, F. Stickel, S. Mueller, H. Bartsch, H.K. Seitz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Sensitization and lung function in workers occupationally exposed to natural thickening products
Authors: A. Steger, K. Radon, A. Pethran, D. Nowak
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Three workers engaged in the manufacture of natural thickener products (Cassia spp., guar, and tamarind flour) were occupationally sensitized to Cassia spp. Therefore, a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of sensitization among and respiratory health of the employees of this plant was conducted.Sixty-two workers (36 with high, 26 with low exposure) participated in the survey. Skin prick tests and specific IgE tests with extracts of these components revealed that 11.3% were sensitized to Cassia spp. and 9.7% to at least one species of storage mites, with a significantly higher portion of atopic subjects in the sensitized group. Overall, 55% of the subjects reported work-related symptoms (upper and lower airways, eyes, or skin). FVC % pred. was significantly lower in highly exposed workers, while RV % pred. and RV%TLC % pred. were significantly higher in this group. In the multivariate model, sensitization was not a risk factor for impairment of lung function.Dust exposure to flours may not only cause allergic sensitization but also induce chronic changes in lung function.
Phylogenomic Analysis of the Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Superfamily
Authors: J. I. Lucas-Lledo, R. Maddamsetti, M. Lynch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

The spontaneous deamination of cytosine produces uracil mispaired with guanine in DNA, which will produce a mutation, unless repaired. In all domains of life, uracil-DNA glycosylases (UDGs) are responsible for the elimination of uracil from DNA. Thus, UDGs contribute to the integrity of the genetic information and their loss results in mutator phenotypes. We are interested in understanding the role of UDG genes in the evolutionary variation of the rate and the spectrum of spontaneous mutations. To this end, we determined the presence or absence of the five main UDG families in more than 1,000 completely sequenced genomes and analyzed their patterns of gene loss and gain in eubacterial lineages. We observe nonindependent patterns of gene loss and gain between UDG families in Eubacteria, suggesting extensive functional overlap in an evolutionary timescale. Given that UDGs prevent transitions at G:C sites, we expected the loss of UDG genes to bias the mutational spectrum toward a lower equilibrium G + C content. To test this hypothesis, we used phylogenetically independent contrasts to compare the G + C content at intergenic and 4-fold redundant sites between lineages where UDG genes have been lost and their sister clades. None of the main UDG families present in Eubacteria was associated with a higher G + C content at intergenic or 4-fold redundant sites. We discuss the reasons of this negative result and report several features of the evolution of the UDG superfamily with implications for their functional study. uracil-DNA glycosylase, mutation rate evolution, mutational bias, GC content, DNA repair, mutator gene.
Mothers' anxiety during pregnancy is associated with asthma in their children
Authors: Hannah Cookson, Raquel Granell, Carol Joinson, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, A. John Henderson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)

BackgroundMaternal stress in early life has been associated with the development of asthma in children, although it is unclear whether there are any critical periods of exposure. The association of asthma with prenatal exposure to maternal stress has not been reported.ObjectiveWe tested whether prenatal and postnatal anxiety and/or depression in pregnant women predicted the risk of their offspring developing asthma in childhood.MethodsThe Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children is a population-based birth cohort recruited during pregnancy. Data were available on maternal anxiety scores and asthma at age 7½ years in 5810 children. Anxiety was assessed at 18 and 32 weeks of gestation by using the validated Crown-Crisp Experiential Index. Asthma was defined at age 7½ years as doctor-diagnosed asthma with current symptoms or treatment in the previous 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of prenatal anxiety with asthma (odds ratio; 95% CI).ResultsIndependent of postnatal anxiety and adjusted for a number of likely confounders, there was a higher likelihood of asthma at age 7½ years (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.25-2.17) in children of mothers in the highest compared with lowest quartile of anxiety scores at 32 weeks of gestation, with evidence for a dose-response (P value for trend <0.001).ConclusionsMaternal anxiety symptoms as an indicator of stress during fetal life may program the development of asthma during childhood. Maternal stress in early life has been associated with the development of asthma in children, although it is unclear whether there are any critical periods of exposure. The association of asthma with prenatal exposure to maternal stress has not been reported. We tested whether prenatal and postnatal anxiety and/or depression in pregnant women predicted the risk of their offspring developing asthma in childhood. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children is a population-based birth cohort recruited during pregnancy. Data were available on maternal anxiety scores and asthma at age 7½ years in 5810 children. Anxiety was assessed at 18 and 32 weeks of gestation by using the validated Crown-Crisp Experiential Index. Asthma was defined at age 7½ years as doctor-diagnosed asthma with current symptoms or treatment in the previous 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of prenatal anxiety with asthma (odds ratio; 95% CI). Independent of postnatal anxiety and adjusted for a number of likely confounders, there was a higher likelihood of asthma at age 7½ years (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.25-2.17) in children of mothers in the highest compared with lowest quartile of anxiety scores at 32 weeks of gestation, with evidence for a dose-response (P value for trend <0.001). Maternal anxiety symptoms as an indicator of stress during fetal life may program the development of asthma during childhood.
Brazil celebrates 10 years of universal access to antiretrovirals
Authors: Klaus Morales
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More than 4000 delegates from across Brazil met at a conference this week to celebrate the country's decision in 1996 to offer access to antiretroviral drugs to all its citizens living with HIV or AIDS who need treatment and to discuss future challenges. 

“Public policies must combine prevention and treatment simultaneously. They're not competitors, and there is no legitimacy in having prevention programmes if solid treatment strategies do not also exist,” said Mariângela Simao, head of Brazil's sexually transmitted disease and AIDS programme. 

A report issued by Brazil's health ministry and distributed at the conference said that about 600 000 Brazilians are HIV positive or have AIDS. 

The situation in Brazil is described as a “concentrated” epidemic—one where prevalence …
New ideas please
Authors: Trish Groves
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Did you know that diabetes kills 3.8 million people worldwide each year, around the same number as HIV/AIDS? Good glycaemic control will at least lower the risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes, but it's hard to achieve. R J Heine and colleagues, in their guidelines on hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, unpick the tangle of treatment options (p 1200 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39022.462546.80). The authors, who are based in the Netherlands, Cameroon, and Boston, say their proposed management algorithms will help doctors even where resources are poor. But treatments to alter the relentless decline of β cell function and the clinical course of diabetes are still a long way …
Go ahead, make my reputation
Authors: S Spence
Journal: BMJ (1994)

BBC2 Heretic “Jacques Benveniste” 15 July; “Linus Pauling” 12 July; “Hans Eysenck” 26 July

Heresy, for the BBC at least, comes with whispered medieval voices, burning books, and frequent allusions to the Pope and Galileo. Thereafter each programme descends into a pot pourri of various bright ideas - the triumph of style over content. This in itself may be significant - for each of these three “heretics” rejects scientific discourse when it suits him and courts publicity to his own ultimate detriment. Which is more important: the work or personal glory? We are in Faustian territory.

In 30 minutes (it seems longer) there is only so much that can be examined; either an exposition of the ideas or a biopic. Unfortunately we got the posturing of each but the detail of neither. …
EXIT—le droit de mourir
Authors: Raghav Chawla
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Directed by Fernand Melgar French speaking Switzerland release date: September 2005 German speaking Switzerland release date: February 2006 http://www.climage.ch/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> S witzerland is known not only for its snow covered mountains and for its chocolate but also for its liberal legislation with regard to assisted suicide. If no selfish motive is involved, suicide assistance—for example, by providing the necessary drugs—is legal even by non-doctors. Active euthanasia, however, remains illegal under all circumstances. Suicide assistance is largely offered by three organisations in Switzerland: EXIT for German … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Role of Hormones in Pilosebaceous Unit Development
Authors: Dianne Deplewski, Robert L. Rosenfield
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2000)

Androgens are required for sexual hair and sebaceous gland development. However, pilosebaceous unit (PSU) growth and differentiation require the interaction of androgen with numerous other biological factors. The pattern of PSU responsiveness to androgen is determined in the embryo. Hair follicle growth involves close reciprocal epithelial-stromal interactions that recapitulate ontogeny; these interactions are necessary for optimal hair growth in culture. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and retinoids have recently been found to specifically affect sebaceous cell growth and differentiation. Many other hormones such as GH, insulin-like growth factors, insulin, glucocorticoids, estrogen, and thyroid hormone play important roles in PSU growth and development. The biological and endocrinological basis of PSU development and the hormonal treatment of the PSU disorders hirsutism, acne vulgaris, and pattern alopecia are reviewed. Improved understanding of the multiplicity of factors involved in normal PSU growth and differentiation will be necessary to provide optimal treatment approaches for these disorders.
Anthracyclines and the Tailoring of Treatment for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Martine J. Piccart-Gebhart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal treatment have substantially reduced the risks of relapse and death that threaten a woman for many years after the diagnosis of breast cancer.1 Progress in breast-cancer treatment is due in part to the incorporation of powerful cytotoxic agents into chemotherapy regimens and to the optimization of the schedules of administration of these agents. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy combinations, such as the cyclophosphamide–epirubicin–fluorouracil (CEF) regimen evaluated in the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Mammary.5 (MA.5) study,2 when compared with the regimen of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF), produce on average a further relative reduction in deaths . . .
Access to the Scientific Literature — A Difficult Balance
Authors: Martin Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

During the past decade, scientific publications have increasingly become available on the Internet, where they can be used by far more readers than print journals have ever reached. In The Access Principle, 1 John Willinsky argues that since the knowledge conveyed in these publications is a public good, access to it should be broadened as far as possible. Willinsky, the principal investigator of the Public Knowledge Project at the University of British Columbia, is deeply involved in efforts to use technology to improve the professional and public value of research. Publishers of open-access online journals rely on open-source software that this . . .
The Dust Bowl of My Elbow
Authors: Margaret Campbell
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fatness, Puberty, and Ovulation
Authors: Jack Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Puberty is a late and possibly final stage in mammalian maturation, and the biologic mechanisms by which reproductive competence is acquired are still unclear. In a recent study, regular ovulatory cycles were achieved in infantile rhesus monkeys by means of pulsed administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH).1 This experimental induction of puberty, which regressed upon cessation of the LHRH administration, provides evidence that neither ovarian nor pituitary maturation is involved in the initiation of puberty in primates, and that only the development of a hypothalamic process for the episodic secretion of LHRH is required for the full function of the . . .
Ultrasound provides a 'window' into the brain during surgery
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A large tumor of the acoustic nerve was pressing on the brain stem. It could not be removed completely, but University of Chicago neurosurgeons hoped to make the few remaining years of the patient, an elderly woman, as comfortable as possible. They proposed to go directly to the tumor's center, then core out as much as possible. Operating room preparations, however, included something extra. George J. Dohrmann III, MD, PhD, and Jonathan M. Rubin, MD, PhD, set up the ultrasound equipment they've been using in neurological surgery since 1980. In this case, a neurosurgical resident wondered aloud why they were going to all that trouble, since "you can see the tumor clearly on the CT [computed tomography] scan." "Well," said Dohrmann, an assistant professor of neurosurgery at the university's Pritzker School of Medicine, "let's see what ultrasound will do for us." What ultrasound will do for all neurosurgeons, Rubin and