tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Clinically Significant, Occult Prostate Cancer Metastases in Lymph Nodes Using a Splice Variant-Specific RT-PCR Assay for Human Glandular Kallikrein
Authors: Shahrokh F. Shariat, Michael W. Kattan, Sibel Erdamar, Cuong Nguyen, Peter T. Scardino, David M. Spencer, Thomas M. Wheeler, Kevin M. Slawin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To compare the detection of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) mRNA expression in archival lymph nodes with disease progression, the development of prostate cancer metastases, and mortality in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for locally advanced nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: We evaluated total RNA extracted from fixed, paraffin-embedded, histopathologically normal pelvic lymph nodes, removed at radical prostatectomy, from 199 pT3N0 prostate cancer patients (150 extraprostatic extension only; 49 seminal vesicle involvement) for hK2-expressing cells using a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/hK2 assay. Cumulative incidence functions and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed. Results: Forty patients (20%) had positive results, 80 patients (40%) had negative results, and 79 patients (40%) had equivocal results. RT-PCR/hK2 status was not associated with any pathologic characteristics (P &gt; .05). In postoperative multivariable models, the RT-PCR/hK2 result was associated with prostate cancer progression (P = .001), development of distant metastases (P = .001), and prostate cancer–specific survival (P = .005). In patients experiencing biochemical progression (n = 33), RT-PCR/hK2 status was a predictor of failure to respond to salvage radiotherapy (P = .002). Conclusion: RT-PCR/hK2 can detect biologically and clinically significant occult prostate cancer metastases in histopathologically normal lymph nodes. In patients with locally advanced prostate cancer, RT-PCR/hK2 is strongly associated with prostate cancer progression, failure following salvage radiation therapy, development of clinically evident metastases, and prostate cancer–specific mortality after surgery.
Habitual snoring with and without obstructive sleep apnoea: the importance of cephalometric variables.
Authors: M Zucconi, L Ferini-Strambi, S Palazzi, C Orena, S Zonta, S Smirne
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is characterised by an increased apnoea-hypopnoea index and a reduction in the minimal arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) values during sleep. The extent to which these variables can be predicted by cephalometric and otorhinolaryngological variables was tested. METHODS: One hundred consecutive habitual snorers (84% male), with a mean (SD) age of 50.1 (10.1) years, were studied. The 45 patients with less severe sleep apnoea, with an apnoea-hypopnoea index of 10 or less (group A), were compared with the 55 with an index above 10 (group B). RESULTS: Body mass index, some cephalometric variables, and some otorhinolaryngological variables differed significantly between group A and group B, in particular the soft tissue measures PNS-P (posterior nasal spine to palate), MP-H (mandibular plane to hyoid bone), degree of oropharynx stenosis, and tongue size. In a multiple regression correlation analysis MP-H, SNB (angle from sella to nasion to subspinale point), SNA (angle from sella to nasion to supramentale point), PAS (posterior airway space), tongue size, and body mass index contributed significantly to the equation explaining the severity of sleep apnoea. Nevertheless, these variables together explained only 33% of the variance of the apnoea-hypopnoea index in the total sample; they were more important for patients with moderate to severe stages of the disease. CONCLUSION: The lack of association between cephalometric variables and mild sleep apnoea suggests that the differences in these variables (soft tissue measures) may be the consequence rather than the cause of habitual snoring and the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
Double-Dose Drip-Infusion Cholangiography
Authors: Robert A. Bornhurst
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In routine, single-injection, intravenous cholangiography, incomplete or faint visualization of the biliary system is common. To overcome this deficiency, a drip infusion of a larger volume of iodipamide meglumine and tomography have been used. In a series of 107 cases, this method produced no instances of nonvisualization in patients with serum bilirubin levels below 3 mg/100 ml. As a rule, the duct system was densely opacified. Consequently, stones in the common duct could be directly seen as radiolucencies. In a series of 32 patients, correlation of roentgenographic interpretation and surgical findings was excellent. Diagnosis of obstructions within the common duct, therefore, did not have to be based on indirect signs as in the past. Reactions to the larger volume of contrast medium were minimal.
For Love of Karaoke
Authors: Julia E. McMurray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

On Being a Doctor15 December 1998For Love of KaraokeJulia E. McMurray, MDJulia E. McMurray, MDUniversity of Wisconsin at Madison; Madison, WI 53762Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The would-be cowboy stands at the microphone, his black western hat tilted rakishly back on his head; he has a scraggly beard and a definite paunch that is overshadowed by a huge rodeo belt and buckle. Without a trace of self-consciousness, he belts out his hopes and dreams of being Willie Nelson, if only for the few minutes allowed during the karaoke evening. The off-key notes and the amused glances of the audience do not seem to faze him. There is a vitality and happiness about him that catches my attention.I sit watching from the bar, a middle-aged physician ...References1. Neruda P. On impure poetry. In: Los Completas Obras. Buenos Aires: Editorial Lozado; 1973. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Julia E. McMurray, MDAffiliations: University of Wisconsin at Madison; Madison, WI 53762Corresponding Author: Julia E. McMurray, MD, J5/210 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53762. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1998Volume 129, Issue 12Page: 1072-1073KeywordsEmotionsFoodPhotographyResidencyShockTaxesThoraxTouchVisionWine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Assaulting alternative medicine: worthwhile or witch hunt?
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Campaigns to cleanse complementary medicine courses from universities go global



Fresh from its successes in the United Kingdom, the campaign to close down complementary and alternative medicine courses at universities is moving down under. A new group called the Friends of Science in Medicine wants to stop what it calls “pseudoscience” on campus, and vice chancellors at many of Australia’s universities are in its sights. So is this a reasonable reassertion of scientific principles or a bellicose, tribal attack on the competition?

The campaign is targeting many modalities, from acupuncture, naturopathy, and chiropractic to energy medicine, homeopathy, and tactile healing. While saying that it supports research, Friends of Science in Medicine argues that “universities involved in teaching pseudoscience give such ideologies undeserved credibility, damage their academic standing, and put the public at risk.” Vice chancellors are being urged to discuss with science faculties the “withdrawal of these courses,” and further campaigns aimed at insurers are being flagged.

“It’s a witch hunt,” says Southern Cross University’s Stephen Myers, a leading complementary medicine researcher and trained naturopath, a medical doctor, and author of government funded reports urging the integration of traditional Chinese …
Primary prevention with low dose aspirin cuts cardiovascular deaths
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Low dose aspirin significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and deaths in people with at least one risk factor but no history of cardiovascular disease, according to a major primary prevention study published last week.

The study of 4495 people recruited in general practices throughout Italy showed that low dose aspirin (100 mg a day) reduced the risk of cardiovascular death by 44% at 3.6 years of follow up ( Lancet 2001;357:89-95).

The proportion of participants dying from cardiovascular causes was 1.4% in those not receiving aspirin and 0.8% in those taking aspirin. The corresponding …
EPITHELIOMA OF THE CLITORIS.
Authors: F. H. NEUHAUS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In view of the rarity of malignant neoplasms of the external female genital organs I wish to report the following case: <h3>Patient.</h3> —A widow, aged 52, mother of two healthy children, gave the following family history: Her mother died at the age of 32, of yellow fever, her father at the age of 40, of acquired tuberculosis; her two sisters died in infancy of some bowel trouble. She passed the menopause three years ago. There is no history of malignancy among the immediate relatives. <h3>History of Present Illness.</h3> —The patient was first seen in the latter part of January, when she complained of a pruritus vulvæ which had existed about two years. It had been very annoying for the past six months, and had resisted several different methods of treatment. Examination was then refused. The urine showed no sugar nor evidence of any kidney disease, was alkaline and contained an
False-Positive I-131 Deposition in a Parotid Gland Duct Ectasia
Authors: HENRY WOLFF, DINIS J. BREDA, NEIVO DA SILVA, ANTONIO A. HARTMANN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

There are an increasing number of conditions that lead to false-positive I-131 whole body scans. We report the detection of I-131 in a parotid gland duct ectasia. I-131 that was secreted into the lumen of the ectasia was probably retained there. The condition should be included with I-131 elimination in body fluids. There was no I-131 uptake after excision of the ectasia, and unnecessary I-131 therapy was avoided.
ADYNAMIC ILEUS AND THERMAL INFLUENCES ON GASTRIC AND INTESTINAL MOTOR ACTIVITY
Authors: J. DEWEY BISGARD
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The terms adynamic ileus and paralytic ileus are used to designate a condition characterized by distention and relative inactivity of the bowel. As implied by the latter term, there prevails an opinion that the condition is the result of paralysis of the bowel. This is implied also in much that has been written, and there have been statements from sources of authority that intestinal motor activity is totally or virtually suspended for many hours or even days after abdominal operations. These opinions, as will be shown, are not supported by factual evidence, either clinical or experimental. As to clinical evidence, our interest in the subject was aroused by experiences with the Miller-Abbott tube. It was observed that this tube traveled down the small bowel as readily and rapidly in the patient with so-called paralytic ileus as in the patient with normal intestinal function. Obviously, for a state of paralysis this
Abstract 3908: Genomic profiling of gastric carcinoma in situ and adenomas by array-based comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto, Masahiro Uchida, Tsuyoshi Noguchi, Tomohisa Uchida, Naoki Hijiya, Chisato Nakada, Keiko Matsuura, Kazunari Murakami, Toshio Fujioka, Masatsugu Moriyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Although genomic copy number aberrations (CNAs) of gastric carcinoma at the advanced stage have already been extensively characterized by array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) analysis, those of gastric carcinoma in situ (CIS) are still poorly understood. Furthermore, no reports have demonstrated correlations between CNAs and histopathologic features of gastric adenoma. In this study, we investigated CNAs of 20 gastric CISs (Vienna category 4.2), 20 adenomas including 7 low-grade adenomas (LGA; Vienna category 3) and 13 high-grade adenomas (HGA; Vienna category 4.1), using oligonucleotide-based array CGH. The most frequent aberrations in CIS were gains at 8q (85%) and 20q (50%), and losses at 5q (50%) and 17p (50%), suggesting that these CNAs are involved in the development of CIS. We found that the pattern of CNAs in HGA was quite different from those in LGA. The most frequent CNAs in HGA were gain at 8q (62%) and 7pq (54%), whereas those in LGA were gain at 7q21.3-q22.1 (57%) and loss at 5q (43%). Interestingly, gains at 8q and 7pq, both of which occurred most frequently in HGA, were not detected in any cases of LGA. Of note, 8q gain was detected most frequently in both HGA and CIS but undetected in LGA. Since HGA is believed to have a higher risk of progression to invasive carcinoma than LGA, these data suggest that 8q gain is important for the malignant transformation of gastric adenoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3908. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3908
Symptom prevalence and odor-worry interaction near hazardous waste sites.
Authors: D Shusterman, J Lipscomb, R Neutra, K Satin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Retrospective symptom prevalence data, collected from over 2000 adult respondents living near three different hazardous waste sites, were analyzed with respect to both self-reported "environmental worry" and frequency of perceiving environmental (particularly petrochemical) odors. Significant positive relationships were observed between the prevalence of several symptoms (headache, nausea, eye and throat irritation) and both frequency of odor perception and degree of worry. Headaches, for example, showed a prevalence odds ratio of 5.0 comparing respondents who reported noticing environmental odors frequently versus those noticing no such odors and 10.8 comparing those who described themselves as "very worried" versus "not worried" about environmental conditions in their neighborhood. Elimination of respondents who ascribed their environmental worry to illness in themselves or in family members did not materially affect the strength of the observed associations. In addition to their independent effects, odor perception and environmental worry exhibited positive interaction as determinants of symptom prevalence, as evidenced by a prevalence odds ratio of 38.1 comparing headaches among the high worry/frequent-odor group and the no-worry/no-odor group. In comparison neighborhoods with no nearby waste sites, environmental worry has been found to be associated with symptom occurrence as well. Potential explanations for these observations are presented, including the possibility that odors serve as a sensory cue for the manifestation of stress-related illness (or heightened awareness of underlying symptoms) among individuals concerned about the quality of their neighborhood environment.
A Preliminary Note ON THE HISTO-PATHOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC (LETHARGIC) ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: C. Da Fano
Journal: BMJ (1921)

ENCEPHALITIS. M oALU5Ir3It will tlhus be seen that symptogiatology is like chemistry, where lthe oombination of elements results in the production of a great number of compounds bewldering in their -variety.Nevertheless, as in chemistry, when they 'are subjected to strict analysis they can be resolved into tlleir component elements.When "the analysis of symptoms is studied as fully as the analysis of chemical compounds hlave been studied, tllen it will be possiible to group the disturbed reflexes in an orderly manner.The next step then will be to find out the agents capable of provoking the different reflexes, so that we get nearer to the immediate cause of disease.The employment.of this method of investigation is but a return to those methods of clinical research which were so fruitful in tlleir results in tlle past, especially during the early half of the nineteenth century.To realize how great the progress was during tllat period we have to consider the discoveries associated with the names of Addison, Bright, Graves, Adams, Stokes, Cheyne, Paget, Hodgkin, and Jenner.Tihese observers employed the most useful of all weapons in research-tlhe trained senses.What we aim at is to recognize tlle metlhods which these great observers employed, and by improving and refining their mnethods restore clinical medicine to the van of researcl.StrUctural and Functional Symnptoms.A certain number of symptoms are due to structural changes and functional derangements.These are generally shown by physical signs, and are due to departures from the normal in various ways, as in alteration in the size and shape and consistence of organs, changes in the colour, as pallor, modification of the sounds of tlle heart and lungs.Tllese are not dealt witlh here, but will have to be recon- sidered in view of this theory of disturbed reflexes, because many apparently structural and functional signs are really disturbed reflexes, or are produced by disturbed reflexes.
Clinical Outcomes of Therapeutic Agents That Block the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Integrin in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: David F. Kong, Robert M. Califf, Dave P. Miller, David J. Moliterno, Harvey D. White, Robert A. Harrington, James E. Tcheng, A. Michael Lincoff, Vic Hasselblad, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Several platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists have been evaluated in clinical trials. We conducted a systematic overview (meta-analysis) to assess the effect of these compounds on death, myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization. Methods and Results —ORs were calculated for 16 randomized, controlled trials of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. An empirical Bayesian random-effects model combined the outcomes of 32 135 patients. There was a significant mortality reduction by GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors at 48 to 96 hours, with an OR of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.96; P &lt;0.03), equivalent to a reduction of 1 death per 1000 patients treated. Mortality benefits at 30 days (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.02; P =0.08) and 6 months (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.10; P =0.67) were not statistically significant. For the combined end point of death or MI, there was a highly significant ( P &lt;0.001) benefit for GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors at each time point. The 30-day OR was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.87), or 20 fewer events per 1000 patients treated. For the composite end point of death, MI, or revascularization, there was also a highly significant ( P &lt;0.001) benefit for GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. At 30 days, the OR was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.86), or 30 fewer events per 1000 patients treated. The risk differences for death, death or MI, and composite outcomes were similar at 6 months, indicating a sustained absolute improvement. Similar benefit was seen when trials were subgrouped by therapeutic indication (percutaneous intervention versus acute coronary syndromes). Conclusions —Application of this new therapeutic class to clinical practice promises substantial benefit for both indications.
Integrating Global and National Knowledge to Select Medicines for Children: The Ghana National Drugs Programme
Authors: David Sinclair, Martha Gyansa-Lutterodt, Brian Asare, Augustina Koduah, Edith Andrews, Paul Garner
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

David Sinclair and colleagues discuss their experience at the Ghana National Drugs Programme reviewing the international evidence base for five priority pediatric medicines and report that applying the global recommendations to Ghana was not straightforward for any of the five medicines. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
<i>Neurofibromatosis‐1</i> gene deletions and mutations in de novo adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Elise Boudry‐Labis, Catherine Roche‐Lestienne, Olivier Nibourel, Nicolas Boissel, Christine Terre, Christine Perot, Virginie Eclache, Nathalie Gachard, Isabelle Tigaud, Ghislaine Plessis, Wendy Cuccuini, Sandrine Geffroy, Céline Villenet, Martin Figeac, Frederic Leprêtre, Aline Renneville, Meyling Cheok, Jean Soulier, Hervé Dombret, Claude Preudhomme
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Germline heterozygous alterations of the tumor-suppressor gene neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) lead to neurofibromatosis type 1, a genetic disorder characterized by a higher risk to develop juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). More recently, somatic 17q11 deletions encompassing NF1 have been described in many adult myeloid malignancies. In this context, we aimed to define NF1 involvement in AML. We screened a total of 488 previously untreated de novo AML patients for the NF1 deletion using either array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) or real-time quantitative PCR/fluorescence in situ hybridization approaches. We also applied massively parallel sequencing for in depth mutation analysis of NF1 in 20 patients including five NF1-deleted patients. We defined a small ∼0.3 Mb minimal deleted region involving NF1 by aCGH and an overall frequency of NF1 deletion of 3.5% (17/485). NF1 deletion is significantly associated with unfavorable cytogenetics and with monosomal karyotype notably. We discovered six NF1 variants of unknown significance in 7/20 patients of which only one out of four disappeared in corresponding complete remission sample. In addition, only one out of five NF1-deleted patients has an acquired coding mutation in the remaining allele. In conclusion, direct NF1 inactivation is infrequent in de novo AML and may be a secondary event probably involved in leukemic progression.
Migration of Arterial Wall Cells
Authors: Michael A. Reidy, Colleen Irvin, Volkhard Lindner
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract The expression of plasminogen activators and inhibitors was examined in denuded arteries. Within 5 days, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on the luminal surface expressed the mRNA for tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPA), the receptor for UPA (UPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). Similar results were seen after 8 days. Six weeks later, only TPA mRNA was still expressed by SMCs on the luminal surface. En face casein zymograms revealed a net fibrinolytic activity in areas covered with luminal SMCs. Reverse zymography showed no antifibrinolytic activity in these zones. Quiescent endothelial cells did not express TPA, UPA, UPAR, or PAI-1 mRNA. Regenerating endothelium at the wound edge strongly expressed TPA, UPA, and UPAR, as well as PAI-1. UPA and UPAR expression was highly restricted to cells at the wound edge and was not present elsewhere. En face zymography showed no plasmin activity in endothelialized areas, and reverse zymography showed a net antifibrinolytic activity in endothelialized zones. These results suggest that plasminogen activator and inhibitor expression correlates with the migration of both SMCs and endothelial cells into an arterial wound.