tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anaemia of rheumatoid arthritis and iron therapy.
Authors: R Hume, W J Currie, M Tennant
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1965)

Gardner, Alexander, and Duthie (1958) reported that anaemia in rheumatoid arth- ritis could be significantly improved by giving intravenous saccharated oxide of iron.They ob- served, furthermore, that this response to parenteral iron was not related to the initial iron content of the marrow, the degree of anaemia, the mean corpuscu- lar haemoglobin concentration, the plasma iron level, or the activity of the disease.However, it is apparent from their results that, of 26 patients treated with iron in this way, no more than half achieved a haemoglobin level of 90 per cent.at the end of 3 months.Recently, while treating two anaemic patients with rheumatoid arthritis, we noted that the failure of one of them to respond to paren- teral iron was associated with an increase in gamma globulin.This paper reports a more detailed study of this observation. Methods and MaterialPatients.-44consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied.The diagnosis had been estab- lished on clinical, radiological, and serological grounds, and all were undergoing the same basic treatment.Eighteen patients were excluded from the trial: fifteen with a haemoglobin level of 13 g.per cent.or more, two with renal insufficiency, and one with cirrhosis of the liver.Faecal occult blood tests were carried out to detect significant blood loss which might interfere with the response to iron therapy, but no patient was ex- cluded on this ground.The remaining 26 patients, none of whom was receiving steroid therapy, were divided into three groups depending on whether the gamma globulin based on paper electrophoresis was normal or increased.This was a visual interpretation carried out by one of us (M.T.) who did not know the patients and who was unaware a trial was in progress.Group L.-Eleven patients (10 females and 1 male) who showed no increase in gamma globulin on paper electro- phoresis of the serum.Group II.-Twelve patients (11 females and 1 male) who did show an increase in gamma globulin on paper electrophoresis of the serum.copyright.
Unexpectedly low pulse oximetry measurements associated with variant hemoglobins: A systematic review
Authors: Madeleine Verhovsek, Matthew P.A. Henderson, Gerard Cox, Hong‐yuan Luo, Martin H. Steinberg, David H.K. Chui
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Pulse oximetry estimates arterial blood oxygen saturation based on light absorbance of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin at 660 and 940 nm wavelengths. Patients with unexpectedly low SpO₂ often undergo cardio-pulmonary testing to ascertain the cause of their hypoxemia. However, in a subset of patients, a variant hemoglobin is responsible for low SpO₂ measurements. The extent of this problem is unclear. We performed a systematic literature review for reports of low SpO₂ associated with variant hemoglobins. We also reviewed unpublished cases from an academic hemoglobin diagnostic reference laboratory. Twenty-five publications and four unpublished cases were identified, representing 45 patients with low SpO₂ and confirmed variant hemoglobin. Fifty-seven family members of patients had confirmed or suspected variant hemoglobin. Three low oxygen affinity variant hemoglobins had concordantly low SpO₂ and SaO₂. Eleven variant hemoglobins were associated with unexpectedly low SpO₂ measurements but normal SaO₂. Hemoglobin light absorbance testing was reported in three cases, all of which showed abnormal absorption spectra between 600 and 900 nm. Seven other variant hemoglobins had decreased SpO₂, with unreported or uncertain SaO₂. Twenty-one variant hemoglobins were found to be associated with low SpO₂. Most variant hemoglobins were associated with spuriously low SpO₂. Abnormal absorption spectra explain the discrepancy between SpO₂ and SaO(2) for some variants. The differential diagnosis of possible variant hemoglobin ought to be considered in asymptomatic patients found to have unexpectedly low SpO₂. The correct diagnosis will help to spare patients from unnecessary investigations and anxiety.
JEJUNAL ALIMENTATION IN TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER
Authors: H. L. BOCKUS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the surgeon belong the chronic large peptic ulcer of long standing, the perforating ulcer and ulcer of the anterior wall of the stomach; ulcer complicated by pyloric stenosis, hour glass contraction, deforming adhesions or localized peritonitis; ulcer associated with recurrent attacks of uncontrollable hemorrhage or disease of the gallbladder or appendix. The average uncomplicated peptic ulcer is amenable to medical treatment. A satisfactory cure is obtained in a large percentage of cases by any of the recognized methods of medical management. A large number of failures is due to an abbreviated course of treatment, improper selection of cases, or a lack of cooperation on the part of the patient in the later stages of treatment. The average patient requires one month of hospital management and one month of convalescent care before he can return to work with any sense of security. Economically, this long period of inactivity constitutes a
Estelle Ramey, PhD: her sister's keeper
Authors: B. Bolsen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

It was summer 1970, and the women's movement had begun to flower, when Edgar Berman, MD, friend and physician to Hubert Humphrey, told the Democratic Party's Committee on National Priorities that women were unfit for leadership because of "raging hormonal imbalances." The reaction by women was swift and furious. Among the outraged letter writers demanding Berman's ouster from the committee was Estelle R. Ramey, PhD, a respected endocrinologist, former "Distinguished Woman for Humphrey," and professor of physiology and biophysics at Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC. "If Dr Berman's political advice to Hubert Humphrey was as sound as his knowledge of medicine, the whole enterprise [1968 elections] was doomed from the start," Ramey wrote in a letter to the editor of a Washington newspaper. In the hoopla that followed, Ramey, a specialist on hormones and stress, and Berman, a surgeon, appeared together on national television and debated before the press
Genetic variation in interleukin-28B locus is associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV in children with non-1 viral genotype infection
Authors: Giuseppe Indolfi, Melissa Sambrotta, Maria Moriondo, Chiara Azzari, Massimo Resti
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

In a recent article in HEPATOLOGY, Ruiz-Extremera et al.1 reported that interleukin (IL)-28B C/C genotype in the child was associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection. This result is important, as, although on a limited number of patients (n = 15), the IL-28B C/C genotype is the first and only predictor of the outcome of HCV genotype 1 infection identified in children. So far, previous studies in natural history settings demonstrated only that genotype 3 was associated with a higher rate of spontaneous viral clearance in children, when compared with other genotypes.2, 3 Our aim was, therefore, to examine the association between polymorphisms in the IL-28B gene and clearance of HCV in a cohort of children infected with an HCV non-1 viral genotype. We genotyped a total of 28 (male/female = 15/13) Caucasian children at the Pediatric and Liver Unit of the Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Italy, for the single nucleotide polymorphism rs12979860 of the IL-28B gene. This cohort included 24 children with persistent infection (HCV RNA/anti-HCV positive) and 4 individuals who naturally cleared the virus (HCV RNA negative, anti-HCV positive). All the children were hepatitis B antigen and anti-human immune deficiency negative and acquired HCV infection vertically.4 Patients with the C/C genotype were more likely to clear HCV relative to patients with the C/T and T/T genotypes combined (odds ratio = 15; 90% confidence interval = 1.2-376 ; P = 0.04; Table 1). The present results strengthen the primary role for IL-28B in the resolution of HCV infection. The IL-28B C/C genotype has been associated in adults with sustained virological response to HCV drug treatment and with spontaneous clearance of HCV. The present data demonstrate that IL-28B promotes the spontaneous clearance of HCV independently of age and genotype. IL-28B polymorphisms in children treated with the recently approved combined therapy could be important in the treatment decision-making process. The independent role of IL-28B C/C genotype and viral genotype 3 in predicting spontaneous viral clearance should be evaluated in future studies enrolling a higher number of patients. Giuseppe Indolfi MD*, Melissa Sambrotta MB , Maria Moriondo MB , Chiara Azzari MD, PhD , Massimo Resti MD*, * Pediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy, Immunology Laboratory, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy, Immunology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy.
A Review of Medical Education in Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse
Authors: David C. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1987)

RECOGNITION of the deleterious effects of alcohol and other drugs is not a recent phenomenon. Over 200 years ago America's first Surgeon General, Benjamin Rush, MD, labeled "intemperance" a disease. He also described the symptoms of tolerance and alcohol withdrawal, which are still pathognomonic of alcohol dependence.<sup>1,2</sup>Medical concern about the widespread abuse of other drugs began in the post-Civil War period when addiction resulting from the indiscriminate prescribing of opium and its derivatives for pain relief was recognized. In 1929, Congress passed a law establishing "two United States narcotic farms for the... treatment of persons addicted to the use of habitforming narcotic drugs." Three decades ago, the American Medical Association (AMA) formally acknowledged alcoholism as a medical illness,<sup>3</sup>and, a decade later, as a disease.<sup>4</sup>Despite this long history of medical concern, physicians still do not diagnose alcoholism or other illnesses related to substance abuse with
Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Michael S. Lauer
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modern Radiation Oncology: Classic Literature and Current Management
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In 1978, editor Gilbert and coeditor A. Robert Kagan brought out volume 1 of<i>Modern Radiation Oncology</i>, with the interesting approach of a broad survey of the major cancers, leading off with classic articles from the literature reproduced exactly as printed and followed by comments and annotations from later literature by selected experts in individual fields. That volume was quite successful and has now, in the fullness of time, been followed by the current volume 2 with the same title. As might be expected, much of the same general ground is covered, now with more esoteric tumors, so as to include almost all major tumor types. Thus, in the current volume, we find that among head and neck tumors, "classic articles" deal with such entities as cancer of the nasal fossa, salivary gland tumors, and primary ocular tumors. While I have no quarrel with the designation of certain articles as
Out of the mouths of babes: A hierarchical view of imitation by human infants
Authors: Harlene Hayne
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Byrne &amp; Russon have argued that imitation is not an all-or-none phenomenon but may instead occur at different levels. Although I applaud their theoretical framework, their data provide little empirical support for the theory. Data from studies of human infants, however, are consistent with the view that imitation may occur at different levels. These data may provide better support for Byrne &amp; Russon's hierarchical view of imitation than the nonhuman primate data that their theory was developed to explain.
The Effect of Day Care Exposure on the Risk of Developing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Brinderjit Kaila, Shayne P. Taback
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Exposure to infections in infancy or childhood may be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, but a protective role has also been suggested. We tested the hypothesis that increased early contact with infectious agents, measured by day care exposure, would decrease the risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a systematic review of case-control studies. Meta-analysis was performed to combine results, assess for heterogeneity, and explore variation in study design. RESULTS—Several generally well-designed case-control studies show a statistically significant protective effect of day care on type 1 diabetes. However, meta-analysis revealed too much heterogeneity to accept the overall synthesis results and none of the studies used prerecorded data. Day care does seem to have a protective effect in the subgroup of children who will be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before the age of 5 years (odds ratio = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.8); however, this result is based on only two studies. CONCLUSIONS—Recall bias is one alternate explanation for these data; confirmation using prerecorded data is required. Such data could be prospectively measured in cohort studies of children at risk. We also suggest that information about day care attendance be measured in randomized trials of agents for the prevention of type 1 diabetes, as day care exposure could potentially modify the effect of the preventive agent.
Implantation and the Survival of Early Pregnancy
Authors: Errol R. Norwitz, Danny J. Schust, Susan J. Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The implantation of fertilized ova and the formation of the placenta are crucial steps in reproduction. This review summarizes current information about these steps, including some of the molecular mechanisms that mediate them and how they may go awry, with consequent loss of the pregnancy.
Lectures on the Surgery of the Spinal Cord and its Appendages: Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Authors: W. Thorburn
Journal: BMJ (1894)

IN these lectures it is my intention to discuss the present position and future prospects of the surgery of the spinal cord and its appendages-that is, its meninges and its nerve roots so far as they lie within the vertebral canal.The present is a suitable time for such a summary, because we are now in a position to estimate with considerable accuracy the true value of the operation of laminectomy.Practised from the early part of the century-not to go further back to such operations as that of Louis, and such suggestions as those of Paulus of 2Egina and others-this operation gained but little in favour, .sothat from 1814 to 1885 we find but 50 formal operations undertaken for injuries of the spinal cord.During the last ten years, however, we have seen a great development of this branch of surgery. TERMINOLOGY.The term " laminectomy " is itself a creation of the last few years.Until recently it was customary to speak of this operation as " trephining the spine; " but not only is the trephine seldom use in laminectomy, but the analogy between this operation and that of trephining the skull is at best a distant one.The term " vertebral resection " is cumbrous and not by any means explicit, the latter objection holding also in the case of the name "rachiotomy '-introduced, I believe, by Mr. Davies-Colley-which, although convenient, includes such operations as that by which we attack the anterior aspect of carious vertebrie.Llinectomy, on the other hand, is perfectly explicit and at the same time convenient, and, as it as been generally adopted in this country, I shall use it throughout.The only objection to it is its bastard deriva- tion, and the purer " lamnectomy " has therefore been sub- stituted by Lloyd; but the latter term has not apparently
FURTHER EXPERIENCES OF THE USE OF MALONONITRILE IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESSES
Authors: HANS HARTELIUS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

1. The present paper offers some comments on the preliminary report by MacKinnion, Hoch, Cammer, and Waelsch on the treatment of mental illnesses with malononitrile. The forementioned authors reported 9 cases and stated that they obtained negative results. Their negative results are correlated by the writer to the short duration of the individual treatments. To this extent, the results of MacKinnon et al. confirm the experience of the writer (Hydén and Hartelius 1948). No therapeutic effects have been observed to follow an m-treatment with a duration of only 15 minutes. In order to obtain results, emphasis is placed here—as in the earlier report (1948)—on the importance of a sufficiently long duration of the individual treatment. 2. The writer also reports on a more recent series of 40 patients with recorded katamneses. 3. Each patient was given an average of 1,250 mg. The average individual dose was 2.4 mg/kg body weight. The average dura-of the m-stage was 48 minutes. The average number of treatments in a course was 8. 4. Table 1 shows the distribution of the cases according to the diagnoses. Endogenous depressions predominate. 5. The mental effect is in the nature of a stimulation that becomes evident within 24-48 hours of each treatment. 6. The results are collocated in Table 2. They are markedly positive in 23 cases, relatively positive in 9, and negative in 8. The results are lasting in 22 cases and transient in 10. 7. The relation between malononitrile treatment and ECT and other forms of therapy is discussed. Twenty-six patients received ECT before malononitrile treatment, with varying results. Contraindications to ECT were present in 23 cases. 8. The clinical value of the method is due mainly to the positive results, its freedom from risks, and the fact that it is less limited than ECT by contraindications.
Facts are few, comment is free
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Six in 10 Scottish doctors in a survey conducted by The BMJ in July and August planned to vote against independence for Scotland ( BMJ 2014;349:g5072, doi:10.1136/bmj.g5072). Repeating that survey today might produce different results, as the campaign for independence gathers supporters. Our survey was a snapshot of the mood of the Scottish medical profession that focused on health, but doctors against independence were still mostly concerned about the future of Scotland’s economy. Worries about medical research in Scotland and the undesirability of a new regulatory body for the profession were next. Doctors in favour of independence believed that healthcare and social care would improve and that autonomy was important for Scotland’s healthcare system. Interestingly, these secessionists believe that an independent …
Comparison of Oxygen Saturation of Blood in Azygos Vein and Superior Vena Cava
Authors: KEWAL K. JAIN, HENRY R. WAGNER, EDWARD C. LAMBERT
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Blood samples from the superior vena cava (SVC) are usually considered an acceptable representation of mixed systemic venous return in identifying and quantifying left-to-right atrial shunts. However, if during sampling from the SVC unrecognized entrance of the catheter into the azygos vein takes place, diagnostic errors may result. Blood samples from the azygos vein were collected from 60 children with congenital heart disease and the oxygen saturations ranged from 20% to 92%. These saturations were compared to those of samples taken from the superior vena cava above the entrance of the azygos vein. No substantial difference (saturation within ±4%) was found in 24 patients, while 28 patients had a significantly higher saturation in the azygos vein (from +5% to +21%) and eight patients had a lower saturation (from –5% to –16%). A significant left-to-right shunt may be overlooked or erroneously thought to be present when sampling of blood takes place unknowingly from the azygos vein. Examples are presented. Approaching from the groin it was possible to catheterize the azygos vein in two thirds of the cases when a deliberate attempt was made to do so.
THE TREATMENT OF FURUNCULOSIS
Authors: JOHN T. BROWEN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

By furunculosis is generally meant the repeated outbreak of furuncles either singly or in numbers, extending over a period varying from several weeks to many months and even years. As to the etiology of this condition the last word has by no means been said. We know that, a furuncle is usually, if not always, caused by the infection of a hair or sebaceous follicle with the<i>Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus</i>. We know that furuncles are propagated by auto-inoculation, the new lesion being produced by infection from an old one. We know that diabetes, debility, and albuminuria are conditions that may increase the susceptibility of tbe individual to infection in this way. We know that the development of furuncles is facilitated by external irritants to the skin, of whatever nature. Apart from the above etiologic factors which are present in only a small number of instances, we do not know what
AIDS Risk Reduction Among A Multiethnic Sample of Urban High School Students
Authors: Heather J. Walter
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the effectiveness of a teacher-delivered curriculum in favorably modifying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—related knowledge and beliefs, self-efficacy related to AIDS-preventive actions, and involvement in AIDS risk behaviors among an eligible population of 1316 New York City high school students. <h3>Design.</h3> —Students in two pairs of demographically similar high schools were assigned to receive either a special six-lesson AIDS-preventive curriculum (intervention group) or no formal AIDS-preventive curriculum (comparison group). <h3>Participants.</h3> —Study participants were ninth- and 11th-grade students, 12 to 20 years of age (mean, 15.7 years), 41.5% male, and 72.1% black or Hispanic. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —The special curriculum focused on conveying facts about AIDS, fostering theoretically derived beliefs favorable to AIDS prevention, and teaching skills necessary for the successful performance of AIDS-preventive behaviors. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —AIDS-related knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and behaviors were assessed among students in intervention and comparison groups at study baseline and at 3 months' follow-up. <h3>Results.</h3> —Significant (albeit modest) effects favoring intervention were observed for knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and risk behavior scores. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —School-based AIDS-preventive curricula may play a role in curtailing transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus among multiethnic groups of urban adolescents; however, such curricula may need supplementation by a broader-based prevention effort to achieve substantial risk behavior change. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:725-730.