tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The DNA<i>N</i>-Glycosylase MED1 Exhibits Preference for Halogenated Pyrimidines and Is Involved in the Cytotoxicity of 5-Iododeoxyuridine
Authors: David P. Turner, Salvatore Cortellino, Jane E. Schupp, Elena Caretti, Tamalette Loh, Timothy J. Kinsella, Alfonso Bellacosa
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The base excision repair protein MED1 (also known as MBD4), an interactor with the mismatch repair protein MLH1, has a central role in the maintenance of genomic stability with dual functions in DNA damage response and repair. MED1 acts as a thymine and uracil DNA N-glycosylase on T:G and U:G mismatches that occur at cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) methylation sites due to spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine, respectively. To elucidate the mechanisms that underlie sequence discrimination by MED1, we did single-turnover kinetics with the isolated, recombinant glycosylase domain of MED1. Quantification of MED1 substrate hierarchy confirmed MED1 preference for mismatches within a CpG context and showed preference for hemimethylated base mismatches. Furthermore, the kst values obtained with the uracil analogues 5-fluorouracil and 5-iodouracil were over 20- to 30-fold higher than those obtained with uracil, indicating substantially higher affinity for halogenated bases. A 5-iodouracil precursor is the halogenated nucleotide 5-iododeoxyuridine (5IdU), a cytotoxic and radiosensitizing agent. Cultures of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) with different Med1 genotype derived from mice with targeted inactivation of the gene were evaluated for sensitivity to 5IdU. The results revealed that Med1-null MEFs are more sensitive to 5IdU than wild-type MEFs in both 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed that Med1-null cells exhibit increased levels of 5IdU in their DNA due to increased incorporation or reduced removal. These findings establish MED1 as a bona fide repair activity for the removal of halogenated bases and indicate that MED1 may play a significant role in 5IdU cytotoxicity. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(15): 7686-93)
Points: Crime and psychopathology
Authors: D. F Early
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Dr. Butler claims that I have "further-tarnished the reputation of Chile," nd he recommends that "further interchange ofdoctors takes placeso.thatmore people -may appreciate the freedom enjoyed by medical staff there, thus destrying the.ppular nusconceptions represented by thisarticle."My artcle did inl actcontai a strong plea that the medical professiot should not ostracise Chile, and that more British doctors should consier -ex- changes there.Aisl said in the article, this *will-e helpful to the profession in Chile.Whether it wl achieve Dr Eutler's intention of helping "more people-to appreciate the f0eedonm enjoyed 0-by medical staff there, thus destroying popglar mis- conceptions as perpetuated by this article" is more than doubtful.
SISCOPE: A Multiuser Information System for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: A Gouveia-Oliveira, V D Raposo, A P Azevedo, N C Salgado, I Almeida, A M Silva, F G de Melo, J P Correia
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

SISCOPE is an integrated data management system for use in gastrointestinal endoscopy units which operates in the multiuser mode on UNIX minicomputers or MS-DOS personal computers and can be used for patient bookings, endoscopic data entry and retrieval, and automatic report generation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, proctologic examinations, colonoscopy and peritoneoscopy. The description of endoscopic findings is remarkably detailed and data entry very rapid due to an advanced design of input screens that incorporates several recent concepts, including windows, menu bars and pull-down menus; typing is eliminated as data is entered with a mouse by pointing at options within menus. Endoscopic findings can be described under eight headings: morphology, topography, qualifiers, modifiers, signs of bleeding, endoscopic diagnosis, pathological diagnosis and etiology. Terminology is based strictly 3on the OMED system. SISCOPE also allows recording of details on endoscopic procedures, indications for the examination, preparation, premedication, complications and late entry of pathology reports. After entering all data, a report in natural language is produced automatically, the entire process taking one minute on average. Data retrieval programs give on-line access to previous examinations of a given patient and automatically generate activity reports. A formal language allows direct queries to the database and transfer of data for statistical analysis or other data processing. The system is simple to learn and use because operation is intuitive and all endoscopic techniques share the same basic menu structure and screen design.
Trichoscopic features of frontal fibrosing alopecia: Results in 249 patients
Authors: Pablo Fernández-Crehuet, Ana Rita Rodrigues-Barata, Sergio Vañó-Galván, Cristina Serrano-Falcón, Ana Maria Molina-Ruiz, Salvador Arias-Santiago, Antonio Martorell-Calatayud, Ramón Grimalt, Gloria Garnacho-Saucedo, Salvio Serrano, Jose Carlos Moreno, Pedro Jaén, Francisco M. Camacho-Martínez
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Why are patients not compliant to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for sleep apnoea?
Authors: Wai Sum Cho, Ashraf Morgan, Diaa Antonios, Madhup Chaurasia
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

s / International Journal of Surgery 11 (2013) 589e685 635 ABSTRACTS 0481: WHY ARE PATIENTS NOT COMPLIANT TO CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP) TREATMENT FOR SLEEP APNOEA? Wai Sum Cho, Ashraf Morgan, Diaa Antonios, Madhup Chaurasia. Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals, Boston, Lincolnshire, UK. Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypoapnoea syndrome (OSAHS) is a commoncondition affectingup to4%ofmiddle-agedmen.CPAP is aneffective treatment for this condition but compliance to therapy remains a challenge. Aim: To investigate why OSAHS patients are not compliant to CPAP therapy. Methods: Retrospective notes review of patients under the care of an Otolaryngologist in a district general hospital using Phillips Respitronics Database. Results: 131 (39.5%) of patients were not compliant to CPAP therapy with a mean age of 54.1 years old (range 21-82 years). Mask problems were the commonest complaint at 30% (n1⁄445) followed by patients who offered no reasons (22%, n1⁄433) and patients who were hindered by other medical conditions at 20.7% (n1⁄431). For patients who reported mask problems, 40.0% (n1⁄418) were non-compliant because of mask leaks, followed by 24.4% (n1⁄411) of patients who had fitting problems. More than half of the non-compliant patients (n1⁄473, 55.7%) did not adhere to treatment consistently since the start of therapy. Conclusion: The compliance rate to CPAP therapy is 60.5% with mask problems being the commonest complaint. This study reinforces the importance of regular patient centered follow-up to identify and solve problems early to improve long-term compliance to treatment. 0510: AVAILABILITY OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) DURING ENT EMERGENCIES: AN AUDIT OF NATIONAL GUIDELINES Jayne Robinson , Neil Killick , Rajiv Bhalla . Department of Otolaryngology e Head and Neck Surgery, Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Department of Otolaryngology e Head and Neck Surgery, Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester,
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ROENTGENOMETRY IN OBSTETRICS
Authors: HERBERT THOMS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Nearly 400 years has elapsed since Arantius<sup>1</sup>(1572) pointed out the importance of the configuration of the bony pelvis in its relation to the successful outcome of labor. At first glance, therefore, it seems surprising that only within our own time has accurate knowledge become available regarding the shape and size of the bony pelvis in the living subject. It is a fact, however, that until the advent of roentgen methods of pelvimetry such information was lacking. Furthermore, the most significant pelvimetric maneuver up to this time was that first described by Smellie<sup>2</sup>and later by Baudeloque<sup>3</sup>for determining the diameter of the diagonal conjugate. That roentgen pelvimetry has not been more generally employed is probably due to a number of factors; namely, The majority of women will be delivered spontaneously whether or not pelvic measurements of any sort are made. The medical profession does
The apical A wave versus the fourth heart sound in assessing the severity of aortic stenosis.
Authors: M A Kavalier, J Stewart, M E Tavel
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The height of the "a" wave of the apexcardiogram was evaluated as a marker for critical aortic stenosis in patients over 40. Critical aoritc stenosis was defined as an aortic valve area less than .75 cm-2 with no more than mild aortic insufficiency. Phonocardiograms and apexcardiograms were performed on 72 patients with catheterization proven aortic stenosis and on 14 normal controls, all over age 40. The height of the "a" wave of the apexcardiogram was measured as a percentage of the e to o excursion (a/e-o). Fourth heart sound gallops ( S4G) were recorded in 71% (11 of 14) of normal controls, 86% (6 of 7) of patients with less than critical aortic stenosis, and 85% ( 55 of 65) of patients with critical aortic stenosis. The a/e-o was less than 16% in all normals or patients with less than critical aortic stenosis. The a/e-o exceeded 16% in 45% (29 of 65) with critical aortic stenosis. Audibility of the S4G bore no relationship to recordability, apical "a" wave geight, or the severity of the aortic stenosis. In conclusion, therefore, we believe that when one is confronted with findings suggestive of aortic stenosis, the finding of a palpable apical "a" wave (or an "a" wave height of greater than 16% of the total complex on the apexcardiogram) is an important positive feature, suggesting severe aortic stenosis. Its absence, however, does not exclude severe valvar obstruction. Probably because of auscultatory inaccuracy in this condition, the apparent presence or absence of an S4G has not been of much aid in this evaluation. This sound, however, might be more useful in a carefully performed prospective study.
Salivary Sodium-Potassium Ratio and Plasma Renin Activity in Hypertension
Authors: E. VICTOR ADLIN, BERTRAM J. CHANNICK, ALLAN D. MARKS
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The cause of the suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA) in many patients with essential hypertension and normal aldosterone excretion is unknown. Since mineralocorticoid excess can lower PRA, we attempted to evaluate the activity of salt-retaining hormones in these patients by measuring the salivary Na/K ratio. The median Na/K ratio in 20 hypertensive patients with suppressed PRA and normal or low aldosterone excretion was 0.71. This was significantly lower than the median of 1.38 in 29 normal subjects and the median of 1.05 in 15 hypertensive patients with normal PRA. Excess dietary intake of salt is a possible cause of PRA suppression in these patients, but our findings indicate that high rather than low Na/K ratios would be expected if this were present. On the other hand, both the salivary electrolyte changes and the suppression of PRA are consistent with the hypothesis that mineralocorticoid excess is present in these patients, despite the failure to demonstrate elevated excretion of aldosterone.
Failure of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia to Cause Daytime Hyperglycemia in Patients With IDDM
Authors: Irl B Hirsch, Lori J Smith, Carolyn E Havlin, Suresh D Shah, William E Clutter, Philip E Cryer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

To test the hypothesis that nocturnal hypoglycemia causes postprandial hyperglycemia the next day (the Somogyi phenomenon) in patients with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we studied 10 moderately well controlled patients, who were on their usual therapeutic regimens, from 2000 to 2000 on three occasions. On a control day, samples were obtained without intervention. On another day, nocturnal hypoglycemia was prevented (by intravenous infusion of glucose, if necessary, from 2200 to 0400 to keep plasma glucose levels at &amp;gt;5.6 mM). On another day, nocturnal hypoglycemia was induced (by stepped intravenous insulin infusions between 2200 and 0200 to reduce plasma glucose levels to &amp;lt;2.8 mM). After nocturnal hypoglycemia (1.9 ± 0.2 mM), fasting (0800), morning (0800-1100), afternoon (1200-1500), evening (1600- 2000), and entire-day (0800-2000) plasma glucose concentrations were no higher than those after prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia or sampling only. On the control day, fasting and daytime plasma glucose levels were directly related to the preceding 2200 (r = 0.723, P &amp;lt; 0.02, and r = 0.762, P = 0.01, respectively) and nocturnal nadir (r = 0.714, P &amp;lt; 0.02, and r = 0.728, P &amp;lt; 0.02) plasma glucose concentrations. Daytime plasma glucose levels were unrelated to peak nocturnal plasma glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, or cortisol concentrations. We conclude that nocturnal hypoglycemia does not appear to cause clinically important daytime hyperglycemia in patients representative of most patients with IDDM.
Balantidiasis in a Patient with Suspected Crohn’s Disease
Authors: M. Agapov
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 15-year-old boy was referred to the gastroenterology department with a 2-month history of lower abdominal pain, intermittent diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss. He had been well until 8 weeks previously, when he had developed watery diarrhea with six or seven bowel movements per day, cramps, headache, and fatigue. Tetracycline 0.6 g b. i. d. had been prescribed for suspected infectious diarrhea. The number of bowel movements decreased to three or four per day with the treatment, but the patient began to note blood in the feces. Detailed examination showed nothing but a body mass index of 17.9 kg/m2, a temperature of 37.2 °C, mild tenderness across the lower abdomen without rebound, a positive guaiac test, mild iron-deficiency anemia, leukocytosis, and eosinophilia. Stool culture, ova, and parasites were negative. Colonoscopy revealed multiple long ulcers of various depths surrounded by congested mucosa; the diseased areas were separated by normal mucosa (Figure [1]). Multiple biopsies were taken. The rectum and the part of the small intestine examined (10 cm) were not affected. Crohn's disease was suspected. On morphological examination, Balantidium coli was detected in the specimens taken from the ulcer margins (Figure [2]). Initiation of treatment with metronidazole 0.5 g b. i. d. led to complete clinical recovery within 5 days. A colonoscopy check-up 1 month after admission showed that the colonic mucosa had healed. Nine months after the initial presentation, the clinical, laboratory and endoscopic examination revealed nothing but a few minor scars in the colon. The important part of the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from other inflammatory disorders is the endoscopic examination. Unfortunately, infectious and parasitic colitis may be not only clinically, but also endoscopically indistinguishable from IBD [1] [2] [3]. Stool culture and microscopy do not always make it possible to exclude the possibility of infectious colitis. A morphological examination is still the most reliable test for differentiating between infectious colitis and IBD [4].
Carbonic Anhydrase IX as a Marker for Poor Prognosis in Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Kårstein Måseide, Rita A. Kandel, Robert S. Bell, Charles N. Catton, Brian O’Sullivan, Jay S. Wunder, Melania Pintilie, David Hedley, Richard P. Hill
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Hypoxia is associated with malignant progression and poor outcome in several human tumors, including soft tissue sarcoma. Recent studies have suggested that carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is an intrinsic marker of hypoxia, and that CA IX correlates with poor prognosis in several types of carcinoma. The aim of this study was to quantify the extent of CA IX expression and to investigate whether CA IX is a marker for poor prognosis in soft tissue sarcoma patients at high risk of developing metastasis. Experimental Design: Archival paraffin-embedded blocks were retrieved from 47 patients with deep, large, high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Sections from two separate and representative tumor areas were immunostained for CA IX, and the CA IX-positive area fraction was quantified by image analysis, excluding areas of normal stroma and necrosis that were identified from serial H&amp;E-stained sections. Patients were then subject to survival analysis. Results: CA IX-positive area fractions of viable tumor tissue varied significantly between tumors (range, 0–0.23; median, 0.004), with positive membranous CA IX staining in 66% (31 of 47) of the tumors. Patients with CA IX-positive tumors had a significantly lower disease-specific and overall survival than patients with CA IX-negative tumors (P = 0.033 and P = 0.044, respectively). Conclusions: These data suggest that CA IX, a potential intrinsic marker of hypoxia, predicts for poor prognosis in patients with deep, large, high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Larger studies are required to determine whether CA IX has independent prognostic value in this group of tumors.
Positive Foley Catheter Tip Cultures—Fact or Fancy?
Authors: Peter A. Gross
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Forty of 42 patients had positive Foley catheter tip cultures, but only 14 had significant numbers of bacteria in a urine specimen obtained the same day. In these 14 patients, a 98% probability existed that at least one organism from the catheter tip culture would not grow in a simultaneous urine culture. The predictive value of the tip cultures was nonexistent; presence of most organisms in the tip probably represented contamination from the urethra. (<i>JAMA</i>228:72-73, 1974)
How to Have a Good Death
Authors: Abi Berger
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I f death were treated with as much respect as illness, and not as an embarrassing afterthought, most people dying in the United Kingdom would have an entirely different experience. As with diseases, there would be specific care pathways and a clear recognition that at a precise clinical point there would be a switch from actively treating illness to the active management of death. It is a hard concept for most of us health professionals to get our heads around, and recognising when this point has arrived is difficult, unless we are specifically trained to spot the signs. It can be harder still for friends and relatives who remain largely in the dark about what happens as death approaches.

To die pain free, in peace, and with dignity, surrounded by our family, is how most of us would like to die. But according to the BBC's 90 minute documentary How to Have a Good Death , presented by Esther Rantzen, most of the 12 000 people who die in the United Kingdom each week do not achieve this. If you die from cancer, you may be …
Methicillin Tolerance After Penicillin G Anaphylaxis
Authors: Edgar F. Luton
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Eight consecutive patients with histories of penicillin G anaphylaxis have been given the usual dose (1 gm) of sodium methicillin without any reaction. Immediate type skin testing to aqueous potassium penicillin G has been positive in each patient, and sodium methicillin (Staphcillin) tests have been negative except for a nonspecific irritant reaction when high concentrations have been used.
Rapid Recovery of Bone Mass in Hypercalciuric, Osteoporotic Men Treated with Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: John S. Adams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Chronic hypercalciuria can contribute to osteoporosis, particularly in men.To ascertain the effects of resolution of hypercalciuria on bone mineral density.Case series.Referral service for metabolic bone disease in a tertiary-care teaching hospital.Five male patients (42 to 66 years of age) with hypercalciuria and osteoporosis.Hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg twice daily, for a mean (+/- SD) of 7.8 +/- 3.6 months.Fasting urinary calcium:creatinine ratio, serum calciotropic hormone levels, and bone mineral density before and after hydrochlorothiazide administration.Hydrochlorothiazide resolved hypercalciuria and increased bone mineral density at a rate of 8% and 3% per year at the spine and hip, respectively.Hydrochlorothiazide treatment in hypercalciuric and osteoporotic men was associated with a rapid rebound increase in bone mineral density.
Atorvastatin, Diabetic Dyslipidemia, and Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Ingrid Berk-Planken, Inge de Konig, Ronald Stolk, Hans Jansen, Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Cognitive functioning is reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared with age-matched patients without diabetes (1). In particular, verbal memory and complex information processing are affected in patients with diabetes, which has an impact on daily functioning (2). The severity of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes presumably results from an interaction between risk factors for macro- and microvascular disease (3). Previous studies suggest a positive association between indexes of cognitive impairment and elevation of plasma triglyceride level (4,5). The effect of lowering serum triglyceride levels by gemfibrozil on cognitive functioning has been investigated in elderly hypertriglyceridemic patients (11 of the 44 patients had diabetes). Lowering triglyceride levels …
Quality of Life Measurements in Chronic Disorders
Authors: P. Bech
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

The political or ecological concept of quality of life refers to irreplaceable aspects of life. The health-related quality of life concept has the same impact of considering the irreplaceable (idiographic) aspects of treatment outcome in patients with chronic disorders. When comparing the different attempts to measure quality of life, two main approaches have been considered, namely a multidimensional view of medical disorders and a global view of outcome of treatment. Both approaches have been discussed at the same level of measurement, i.e. how the patient considers the various components. A dialectic procedure has been followed: quality of life data versus 'raw' health data; idiographic versus nomothetic scales; index versus profile statistics; generic versus disease-specific measurements.
REVERSE PERISTALSIS ASSOCIATED WITH NAUSEA
Authors: John H. Fitzgibbon
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Recent contributions by Alvarez<sup>1</sup>and Keeton<sup>2</sup>have presented interesting and valuable evidence as to the cause of nausea. Both find the bowel to be an important factor in nausea production. For a number of years, Alvarez has considered it "very probable that it is brought about by reverse peristalsis, particularly in the bowel."<sup>3</sup> Clinical evidence has not been abundant, because of evident difficulties in human experimentation. A case recently observed, however, demonstrates very definitely the association of reverse peristalsis and nausea. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. E. M., aged 61, referred to me by Dr. H. M. Greene, July 27. 1925, gave a history of intermittent abdominal distress for several months up until two years ago. A diagnosis of peptic ulcer was made by the family physician, After treatment, she was comfortable until three weeks before I saw her, when pain in the epigastrium reappeared. At times, it
Treatment of palmoplantar lichen nitidus with acitretin
Authors: G.P.H. LUCKER, R.J.J. KOOPMAN, P.M. STEIJLEN, P.G.M. VALK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

We report a patient with lichen nitidus of the palms of the hands and the toes, whose skin lesions responded to treatment with acitretin.