tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Asphyxia
Authors: J. Hepworth
Journal: BMJ (1861)

OBJECTIVE  To examine whether diabetes genetic risk testing and counseling can improve diabetes prevention behaviors.  RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS  We conducted a randomized trial of diabetes genetic risk counseling among overweight patients at increased phenotypic risk for type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomly allocated to genetic testing versus no testing. Genetic risk was calculated by summing 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes. Participants in the top and bottom score quartiles received individual genetic counseling before being enrolled with untested control participants in a 12-week, validated, diabetes prevention program. Middle-risk quartile participants were not studied further. We examined the effect of this genetic counseling intervention on patient self-reported attitudes, program attendance, and weight loss, separately comparing higher-risk and lower-risk result recipients with control participants.  RESULTS  The 108 participants enrolled in the diabetes prevention program included 42 participants at higher diabetes genetic risk, 32 at lower diabetes genetic risk, and 34 untested control subjects. Mean age was 57.9 ± 10.6 years, 61% were men, and average BMI was 34.8 kg/m2, with no differences among randomization groups. Participants attended 6.8 ± 4.3 group sessions and lost 8.5 ± 10.1 pounds, with 33 of 108 (30.6%) losing ≥5% body weight. There were few statistically significant differences in self-reported motivation, program attendance, or mean weight loss when higher-risk recipients and lower-risk recipients were compared with control subjects (P > 0.05 for all but one comparison).  CONCLUSIONS  Diabetes genetic risk counseling with currently available variants does not significantly alter self-reported motivation or prevention program adherence for overweight individuals at risk for diabetes.
Vertical Leg Drainage of Odema in Treatment of Leg Ulcers
Authors: I. H. J. Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Since oedema of adjacent tissue is a major factor in preventing healing of leg ulcers conservative treatment should aim to dry out the ulcer area before bandaging and to keep it dry afterwards. A method of postural drainage of oedema is described in which the patient lies supine with the legs raised vertically for two days. Non-stretch Viscopaste bandages are then applied and the patient allowed to move about normally, but instructed to continue vertical leg drainage for a period each day. Out of 106 cases treated by this method the leg ulcer healed within a year in 82 (77.4%). Relapses were apt to occur when the patient neglected to continue the vertical drainage regimen after the ulcer had healed. These results compare well with those reported for other methods of treatment. Vertical leg drainage treatment is inexpensive and the patient can continue at work.
Survival Is Not a Good Outcome for Randomized Trials With Effective Subsequent Therapies
Authors: Marc Buyse, Daniel J. Sargent, Everardo D. Saad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Our careful position on this matter is reflected in the concluding paragraph of the Discussion section where we stated that "…novel evidence is provided suggesting that loss of Nuc-pYStat5 is associated with elevated risk of failure of antiestrogen therapy.However, conclusive validation of the response-predictive value of Nuc-pYStat5 will require quantitative analyses in tumors from patients randomized for antiestrogen therapy, and prospective analyses in a CLIA-certified laboratory to overcome additional limitations of retrospective studies."This conclusion was also incorporated into the Abstract to relay to readers that further validation of this candidate predictive marker will be needed.
Is there a role for physician involvement in introducing research to surrogate decision makers in the intensive care unit? (The Approach trial: a pilot mixed methods study)
Authors: K. E. A. Burns, L. Rizvi, O. M. Smith, Y. Lee, J. Lee, M. Wang, M. Brown, M. Parker, A. Premji, D. Leung, M. Hammond Mobilio, L. Gotlib-Conn, R. Nisenbaum, M. Santos, Y. Li, S. Mehta
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Detection of an Abdominal Aneurysm by lndium-111 Platelet Imaging
Authors: L FORSTROM, P THORPE, E K WEIR, T JOHNSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

The authors report a case in which in-111 platelet imaging provided uniquely useful information in the discovery of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This case illustrates the potential usefulness of this procedure in the detection of unsuspected sites of thrombogenic vascular disease.
HIV-1 Vpr Induces Adipose Dysfunction in Vivo Through Reciprocal Effects on PPAR/GR Co-Regulation
Authors: Neeti Agarwal, Dinakar Iyer, Sanjeet G. Patel, Rajagopal V. Sekhar, Terry M. Phillips, Ulrich Schubert, Toni Oplt, Eric D. Buras, Susan L. Samson, Jacob Couturier, Dorothy E. Lewis, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Farook Jahoor, Tomoshige Kino, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Ashok Balasubramanyam
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

HIV-1 Vpr induces the cardinal metabolic defects of HIV-associated lipodystrophy and hepatosteatosis in vivo.
Role of a 5′-enhancer in the transcriptional regulation of the human endothelial cell protein C receptor gene
Authors: Luigina R. Mollica, James T. B. Crawley, Ke Liu, James B. Rance, Peter N. Cockerill, George A. Follows, Josette-Renee Landry, Dominic J. Wells, David A. Lane
Journal: Blood (2006)
The Anti‐Anaphylactic Action of Tiaramide Hydrochloride
Authors: M. L. Renoux, B. J. Weill, D. Wallach, E. Chwetzoff
Journal: Allergy (1978)

Tiaramide hydrochloride (THC) is a new basic, non-steroidal, anti-flammatory drug. Its anti-anaphylactic action has been investigated using rat mast cells. It was found that THC exerts a strong inhibitory action on antigen-induced and compound 48/80-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in a fluorometric assay. Compound 48/80-induced vasodilatation in rat skin is inhibited by prior intradermal injection of THC, as measured by blueing of skin due to intravascular Evans blue dye. THC also inhibits radio-labeled serotonin release from compound 48/80-challenged rat mast cells. In these experimental systems a similar action was exerted by disodium cromoglycate, but higher drug concentrations were needed. Further studies are needed to determine the exact mode of action of this drug and its eventual clinical use in the field of allergic diseases.
Abnormal DNA Methylation of<i>CD133</i>in Colorectal and Glioblastoma Tumors
Authors: Joo Mi Yi, Hsing-Chen Tsai, Sabine C. Glöckner, Steven Lin, Joyce E. Ohm, Hari Easwaran, C. David James, Joseph F. Costello, Gregory Riggins, Charles G. Eberhart, John Laterra, Angelo L. Vescovi, Nita Ahuja, James G. Herman, Kornel E. Schuebel, Stephen B. Baylin
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Much recent effort has focused on identifying and characterizing cellular markers that distinguish tumor propagating cells (TPC) from more differentiated progeny. We report here an unusual promoter DNA methylation pattern for one such marker, the cell surface antigen CD133 (Prominin 1). This protein has been extensively used to enrich putative cancer propagating stem-like cell populations in epithelial tumors and, especially, glioblastomas. We find that, within individual cell lines of cultured colon cancers and glioblastomas, the promoter CpG island of CD133 is DNA methylated, primarily, in cells with absent or low expression of the marker protein, whereas lack of such methylation is evident in purely CD133+ cells. Differential histone modification marks of active versus repressed genes accompany these DNA methylation changes. This heterogeneous CpG island DNA methylation status in the tumors is unusual in that other DNA hypermethylated genes tested in such cultures preserve their methylation patterns between separated CD133+ and CD133− cell populations. Furthermore, the CD133 DNA methylation seems to constitute an abnormal promoter signature because it is not found in normal brain and colon but only in cultured and primary tumors. Thus, the DNA methylation is imposed on the transition between the active versus repressed transcription state for CD133 only in tumors. Our findings provide additional insight for the dynamics of aberrant DNA methylation associated with aberrant gene silencing in human tumors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8094–103]
Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 (Gpnmb/Osteoactivin) is a biomarker of progressive renal injury across species
Authors: Mina Patel-Chamberlin, Ying Wang, Bancha Satirapoj, Lynetta M. Phillips, Cynthia C. Nast, Tiane Dai, Renecia A. Watkins, Xiwei Wu, Rama Natarajan, Aishe Leng, Kathleene Ulanday, Raimund R. Hirschberg, Janine LaPage, Edouardo J. Nam, Tahmina Haq, Sharon G. Adler
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Cooperation between sequence variants in cis during splice site selection.
Authors: Y Jin, H C Dietz, R A Montgomery, W R Bell, I McIntosh, B Coller, P F Bray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder, results from abnormalities in the platelet fibrinogen receptor, GP(IIb)-IIIa (integrin alpha(IIb)beta3). A patient with GT was identified as homozygous for a G-->A mutation 6 bp upstream of the GP(IIIa) exon 9 splice donor site. Patient platelet GP(IIIa) transcripts lacked exon 9 despite normal DNA sequence in all of the cis-acting sequences known to regulate splice site selection. In vitro analysis of transcripts generated from mini-gene constructs demonstrated that exon skipping occurred only when the G-->A mutation was cis to a polymorphism 116 bp upstream, providing precedence that two sequence variations in the same exon which do not alter consensus splice sites and do not generate missense or nonsense mutations, can affect splice site selection. The mutant transcript resulted from utilization of a cryptic splice acceptor site and returned the open reading frame. These data support the hypothesis that pre-mRNA secondary structure and allelic sequence variants can influence splicing and provide new insight into the regulated control of RNA processing. In addition, haplotype analysis suggested that the patient has two identical copies of chromosome 17. Markers studied on three other chromosomes suggested this finding was not due to consanguinity. The restricted phenotype in this patient may provide information regarding the expression of potentially imprinted genes on chromosome 17.
The European IPF Network: towards better care for a dreadful disease
Authors: A. Guenther
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most aggressive forms of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) and probably affects up to 340,000 people in Europe and North America 1. Despite extensive research over the past 25 yrs, considerable investment in controlled clinical trials, and significant progress in defining appropriate outcome measures and surrogates of disease progression, IPF remains a progressive and invariably fatal disease with a mean survival of ∼3 yrs from diagnosis.

With the exception of pirfenidone 2, which is now on the way of being approved in Europe, and N-acetylcysteine 3, which has shown some signs of therapeutic efficacy in IPF, no other investigational agents, including bosentan 4, imatinib 5 and interferon-γ 6, have proven to be beneficial in phase III studies performed over the last decade. IPF, therefore, remains a dismal disease for which new effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Despite this, we would argue that there is much cause to be optimistic in terms of the current climate for scientists and clinicians striving to develop novel therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease. The last 5 yrs or so have seen major advances, including the definition of novel paradigms of disease pathogenesis and the discovery of novel biomarkers. Pharmaceutical interest and investment from both academia and industry are at unprecedented levels. We must, however, be careful to heed the lessons we have learned from our past experience.

There are many possible answers to these important questions. First, we need to deconstruct the way IPF has been approached in terms of controlled clinical trials. Most of the trials conducted to date were based on an “opportunistic approach”, using drugs or investigational compounds developed for other disease indications rather than agents which emerged from a systematic programme for the development of novel …
Implementation of Medicare Part D and Nondrug Medical Spending for Elderly Adults With Limited Prior Drug Coverage
Authors: J. Michael McWilliams, Alan M. Zaslavsky, Haiden A. Huskamp
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Implementation of Medicare Part D was followed by increased use of prescription medications, reduced out-of-pocket costs, and improved medication adherence. Its effects on nondrug medical spending remain unclear.<h3>Objective</h3>To assess differential changes in nondrug medical spending following the implementation of Part D for traditional Medicare beneficiaries with limited prior drug coverage.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Nationally representative longitudinal survey data and linked Medicare claims from 2004-2007 were used to compare nondrug medical spending before and after the implementation of Part D by self-reported generosity of prescription drug coverage before 2006. Participants included 6001 elderly Medicare beneficiaries from the Health and Retirement Study, including 2538 with generous and 3463 with limited drug coverage before 2006. Comparisons were adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics and checked for residual confounding by conducting similar comparisons for a control cohort from 2002-2005.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Nondrug medical spending assessed from claims, in total and by type of service (inpatient and skilled nursing facility vs physician services).<h3>Results</h3>Total nondrug medical spending was differentially reduced after January 1, 2006, for beneficiaries with limited prior drug coverage (−$306/quarter [95% confidence interval {CI}, −$586 to −$51]; P = .02), relative to beneficiaries with generous prior drug coverage. This differential reduction was explained mostly by differential changes in spending on inpatient and skilled nursing facility care (−$204/quarter [95% CI, −$447 to $2]; P = .05). Differential reductions in spending on physician services (−$67/quarter [95% CI, −$134 to −$5]; P = .03) were not associated with differential changes in outpatient visits (−0.06 visits/quarter [95% CI, −0.21 to 0.08]; P = .37), suggesting reduced spending on inpatient physician services for beneficiaries with limited prior drug coverage. In contrast, nondrug medical spending in the control cohort did not differentially change after January 1, 2004, for beneficiaries with limited prior drug coverage in 2002 ($14/quarter [95% CI, −$338 to $324]; P = .93), relative to beneficiaries with generous prior coverage.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Implementation of Part D was associated with significant differential reductions in nondrug medical spending for Medicare beneficiaries with limited prior drug coverage.
Neuroprotection in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Fred Plum
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
War Surgery in the Middle East
Authors: R. K. Debenham
Journal: BMJ (1943)

During the last nine months of 1942 3,279 battle casualties were brought to a military hospital on the lines of com- munication in the Middle East.All types of casualties were seen, under various and changing conditions, as a result of three different battles.First, during April and May some 300 battle casualties, including a large proportion of severely ill patients, were received from Tobruk by sea.They had already had hospital treatment, and had been held at Tobruk until to travel.Suppurating wounds of all types were seen; battle w nds do not heal by first intention.Secondly, during the mvnth of July alone, 2,287 battle casualties were received from the first battle of El Alamein.They arrived from 12 to 48 hours after being wounded, and the great majority had received no treat- ment other than the application of the first field dressing.The hospital, in fact, worked as a C.C.S., and continued to do so during the following two months.Thirdly, during the second battle of El Alamein, at the end of October, the conditions were again different, and in two weeks about 500 battle casualties were received, mostly from 36 to 48 hours after being wounded.The particular characteristic of this group was that they were selected cases, and for the most part com- prised seriously wounded men who were not fit enough for a long journey and who had already received treatment.These three periods have been particularly instructive, and an attempt is made below to summarize the main features of this diverse group of casualties occurring in men of different colour, different race, and different language.Before dealing with the casualties themselves, a few words about adapting a base hospital to function as a C.C.S. are not out of place.Hospital Acting as a C.C.S.As a result of the enemy's rapid advance to El Alamein and the battle that followed, convoys of 100 to 500 men began to arrive daily at the hospital, which now acted as a C.C.S. Convoys almost invariably arrived in the evenings; and an evacuation took place the following morning.The entrance and exit were made as easy as possible, and one-way traffic TABLE I.-Showing Region of Body hit in 2,287* Casualties from the First Battle of El Alamein in July, 1942 Cases Lesions Cases Lesions Scalp and head
Health in China: Traditional Chinese medicine: one country, two systems
Authors: T. Hesketh, W. X. Zhu
Journal: BMJ (1997)

China is the only country in the world where Western medicine and traditional medicine are practised alongside each other at every level of the healthcare system. Traditional Chinese medicine has a unique theoretical and practical approach to the treatment of disease, which has developed over thousands of years. Traditional treatments include herbal remedies, acupuncture, acupressure and massage, and moxibustion. They account for around 40% of all health care delivered in China. The current government policy of expansion of traditional facilities and manpower is being questioned because many hospitals using traditional Chinese medicine are already underutilized and depend on government subsidies for survival. Research priorities include randomised controlled trials of common treatments and analysis of the active agents in herbal remedies. As more studies show the clinical effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine, an integrated approach to disease using a combination of Western medicine and traditional approaches becomes a possibility for the future.
Participation of antigens related to the psoriasis associated antigen, pso p27, in immune complex formation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: E Rødahl, K Asbakk, O.J Iversen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Analysis of five serum samples and three synovial fluids from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and five serum samples from healthy blood donors for the presence of antibodies cross reacting with the Fc part of rabbit IgG (rheumatoid factors (RFs] using an isotype specific, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed only insignificant amounts of free RFs, while IgG RFs were observed in alkaline dissociated circulating immune complexes (CICs). Only insignificant amounts of free antibodies reacting with the psoriasis associated antigen pso p27 could be detected in the samples, while extensive amounts of IgG antibodies and moderate amounts of IgM antibodies reacting with pso p27 were detected in alkaline dissociated CICs from the patients. Pso p27 has been reported to share a common determinant with the Fc part of human IgG. Removal of the RF activity from the CICs of patients with AS by absorption with IgG resulted in a decrease of the anti-pso p27 activity. Monoclonal anti-pso p27 antibodies in a sandwich ELISA were used to detect antigens cross reacting with pso p27. A positive reaction was observed in all serum CICs and in one of the synovial fluid CICs. The data indicate that antigens related to pso p27 participate in CIC formation in AS and may also be responsible for the elicitation of rheumatoid factors in patients with AS.
Glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids: Do they harm?
Authors: Janusz Witowski, Achim Jörres, Katarzyna Korybalska, Krzysztof Ksiazek, Justyna Wisniewska-Elnur, Thorsten O. Bender, Jutta Passlick-Deetjen, Andrzej Breborowicz
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Un-cross-matched Blood for Emergency Transfusion
Authors: Neil Blumberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

One year's experience (56 cases) in the use of un-cross-matched blood for emergency transfusion in a large civilian teaching hospital showed that 49 transfusions were given as un-cross-matched, group-specific (ABO and Rh) blood in emergencies. Seventy-seven percent (43) of blood requests were for patients with trauma, unexpected massive intraoperative hemorrhage, or ruptured aneurysm. The indications for emergency transfusion were questionable in ten cases. There were no adverse effects noted even though complete serologic testing had not been done. While the use of un-cross-matched blood is usually safe, the potential for serious reaction exists. Overuse should be discouraged. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2057-2059, 1978)
FOREIGN BODY IN URETHRA.
Authors: L. M. GREENE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

On Aug. 3, 1898, I was called to a neighboring town to operate on a man, 43 years of age, suffering from a foreign body in the urethra. Nine days previously, while manipulating the inside of his penis with a lead pencil, it escaped into the urethra. After five days, being unable to urinate, and suffering severely from pain, his physician was called, and attempted to pass a catheter, which was arrested at the proximal extremity of the pendulous urethra. I found an enormously swollen scrotum, with [ill] extravasation of urine throughout the perineal and pubic regions, extending to Poupart's ligament. There was a constant dribbling of urine from the penis, none having been passed naturally during the nine days. The man was suffering extremely, temperature 103, pulse 120. With the assistance of the attending physician, Dr. F. E. Steele, and Drs. C. C. Smith and O. D. Greene, under