tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colon Interposition for Treatment of Benign and Malignant Constricting Esophageal Lesions
Authors: Ronaldo Luna
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Twelve consecutive operations for the treatment of constricting esophageal lesions by interposing a segment of colon are reviewed. There were three types of constrictions: lye strictures, peptic strictures, and carcinoma. The last-named comprised one half of the total. If the operation is done by two teams and the patient is well prepared, operative mortality will be low, although most patients are elderly. The preferred operation bypasses the thoracic esophagus by placing the esophagocolonic-anastomosis in the neck. A breakdown of the anastomosis in the neck will result in very little morbidity and almost no mortality as compared with breakdowns in the thorax. Thus the program outlined by the authors for the treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus, when feasible, is (1) colon interposition, (2) supervoltage radiation to the primary tumor and mediastinum, and (3) radical esophagectomy.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BACTERIOLOGIC CHEMISTRY.Read in the Section on Materia Medica and Pharmacy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: W. T. WENZELL
Journal: JAMA (1894)

In the year 1865 a German chemist named Marquardt made the discovery that during the putrefaction of animal matter, a substance was formed which bore a close resemblance to an organic base or alkaloid known to reside in the leaves of the spotted hemlock<i>(conium maculatum)</i>known by the name of coniine. Schwanert, found very soon after, while pursuing a similar investigation of the intestines, liver and spleen of a child who had died suddenly, an organic base which he separated by the Stas-Otto process, and also by a similar search in the human cadaver,a sufficient amount of the alkaloid to enable him to determine its nature. He found that it possessed strongly basic properties, that it blued reddened litmus paper, that it was neutralized by muriatic acid, and that it was precipitated by alkaloidal reagents such as chlorid of platinum, chlorid of gold, iodoiodid of potassium, phospho-molybdic acid, etc.
The Know-Do Gap in Quality of Health Care for Childhood Diarrhea and Pneumonia in Rural India
Authors: Manoj Mohanan, Marcos Vera-Hernández, Veena Das, Soledad Giardili, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert, Tracy L. Rabin, Sunil S. Raj, Jeremy I. Schwartz, Aparna Seth
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

In rural India, as in many developing countries, childhood mortality remains high and the quality of health care available is low. Improving care in such settings, where most health care practitioners do not have formal training, requires an assessment of the practitioners' knowledge of appropriate care and the actual care delivered (the know-do gap).To assess the knowledge of local health care practitioners and the quality of care provided by them for childhood diarrhea and pneumonia in rural Bihar, India.We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of the knowledge and practice of 340 health care practitioners concerning the diagnosis and treatment of childhood diarrhea and pneumonia in Bihar, India, from June 29 through September 8, 2012. We used data from vignette interviews and unannounced standardized patients (SPs).For SPs and vignettes, practitioner performance was measured using the numbers of key diagnostic questions asked and examinations conducted. The know-do gap was calculated by comparing fractions of practitioners asking key diagnostic questions on each method. Multivariable regressions examined the relation among diagnostic performance, prescription of potentially harmful treatments, and the practitioners' characteristics. We also examined correct treatment recommended by practitioners with both methods.Practitioners asked a mean of 2.9 diagnostic questions and suggested a mean of 0.3 examinations in the diarrhea vignette; mean numbers were 1.4 and 0.8, respectively, for the pneumonia vignette. Although oral rehydration salts, the correct treatment for diarrhea, are commonly available, only 3.5% of practitioners offered them in the diarrhea vignette. With SPs, no practitioner offered the correct treatment for diarrhea, and 13.0% of practitioners offered the correct treatment for pneumonia. Diarrhea treatment has a large know-do gap; practitioners asked diagnostic questions more frequently in vignettes than for SPs. Although only 20.9% of practitioners prescribed treatments that were potentially harmful in the diarrhea vignettes, 71.9% offered them to SPs (P < .001). Unqualified practitioners were more likely to prescribe potentially harmful treatments for diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio, 5.11 [95% CI, 1.24-21.13]). Higher knowledge scores were associated with better performance for treating diarrhea but not pneumonia.Practitioners performed poorly with vignettes and SPs, with large know-do gaps, especially for childhood diarrhea. Efforts to improve health care for major causes of childhood mortality should emphasize strategies that encourage pediatric health care practitioners to diagnose and manage these conditions correctly through better monitoring and incentives in addition to practitioner training initiatives.
HEMORRHAGE FROM THE STOMACH.
Authors: HENRY M. LYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

tion of both lungs.One calcareous nodule in the upper lobe of right lung.Ecchymosis in mucous membrane of intestine.Congestion of liver.Diagnosis.-Acutevegetative endocarditis.Infarct of spleen and left kidney.Hydrothorax.Pulmonary, splenic and hepatic congestion.Healed tuberculosis of lung.Bacteriologic examination of the vegetations was not made, the presumptive etiologic relation of the gonorrhea was therefore not demonstrated.
Congenital absence of the left circumflex coronary artery in the systolic click syndrome.
Authors: R D Gentzler, J H Gault, A J Liedtke, W D McCann, R H Mann, A S Hunter
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The anatomy of the coronary artery circulation was examined by means of selective coronary arteriography in 19 patients, evaluated because of disabling chest pain and ECG abnormalities, with typical clinical findings of the systolic click syndrome (SCS). In 17 (89.5%), the elft circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) was absent; a single marginal branch arose from the left main vessel, but no vessel was present in or near the atrioventricular (A-V) groove. In contrast, the LCCA was identified in 74 of 78 control patients (94.9%) considered to have representative normal distribution of coronary artery branches, All but two patients with SCS exhibited reduced contraction of the segment of left ventricular (LV) myocardium surrounding the mitral valve ring (extent of systolic diameter decrease 1.4 +/- 3.1% vs normal 31.8 +/- 3.4%, P lwss than 0.001), as well as of the LV inflow tract (diameter decreasce 16.2 +/- 2.5% vs normal 38.6 +/- 1.8% P less than 0.001); both of these regions of the left ventricle derive their vascular supply from the LCCA, An identical segmental LV contraction disorder was observed in seven patients with functionally single vessel occlusive coronary artery disease involving the LCCA, An identical finding in this study was a relatively high incidence of absent LCCA (42%) in 19 patients with atypical angina and normal coronary arteriograms. It is concluded that a congenital anomaly of the coronary circulation, with absent LCCA, may be responsible for segmental myocardial dysfunction in some patients with SCS. In turn, this segmental contraction disorder may determine functional abnormality of the mitral valve apparatus.
Recurrent Rheumatic Chorea and Optic Atrophy after Occlusion of Central Retinal Artery
Authors: G. S. Willetts
Journal: BMJ (1961)

hypertrophic gastritis (Menetrier's disease), in which hypoproteinaemia and a considerable protein loss in the stomach (Schwartz and Jarnum, 1959) is very common.It seems likely that in both cases the loss of protein occurs through secretion of protein-containing fluid into the gastric lumen.In actual cancer of the stomach, hypoalbuminaemia is a common finding and is due, at least partially, to gastro-intestinal loss of protein (Jarnum and Schwartz, 1960).A conclusion to be drawn from our case is that the gastro-intestinal tract must be examined in all obscure cases of hypoproteinaemia.
Relation of Glycemic Control to Diabetic Complications and Health Outcomes
Authors: Ronald Klein, Barbara EK Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Data from the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) demonstrated that the incidence of diabetic complications is directly related to glycemic control. The results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Stockholm Study showed that intensive insulin therapy and improved glycemic control reduced diabetic complications in people with type 1 diabetes. Results of the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group and the Kumamoto trial also support the relationship between glycemic control and diabetic complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Preliminary WESDR health outcomes data suggest that higher levels of glycemia are related to a decreasing quality of life. This study and others showing that higher levels of glycemia are associated with an increased incidence of complications suggest that it is the complications of diabetes that contribute to a decrease in quality of life. Despite evidence of the benefits of improved glycemic control, a large percentage of people with diabetes maintain poor glucose control in part because of the limitations of the therapies available for diabetes management.
HSV oncolytic therapy upregulates interferon-inducible chemokines and recruits immune effector cells in ovarian cancer
Authors: Fabian Benencia, Maria C. Courrèges, José R. Conejo-García, Alisha Mohamed-Hadley, Lin Zhang, Ronald J. Buckanovich, Richard Carroll, Nigel Fraser, George Coukos
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Cooperation between oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) and host effector immune mechanisms has been previously described. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying such cooperation in a murine syngeneic model of ovarian carcinoma. Therapeutic administration of HSV-1716, a replication-restricted mutant, resulted in significant reduction of tumor growth and a significant survival advantage. Intratumoral injection of HSV-1716 induced expression of IFN-γ, MIG, and IP-10 in the tumor. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the number of tumor-associated NK and CD8+ T cells expressing CXCR3 and CD25. Ascites from HSV-1716-treated animals efficiently induced in vitro migration of NK and CD8+ T cells, which was dependent on the presence of MIG and IP-10. Murine monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) were responsible for the production of MIG and IP-10 upon HSV-1716 infection. In monocytes, this was partially abrogated by neutralizing antibodies against IFN-α and -β, thus indicating a role for type-1 IFNs in the reported effect. Human ovarian carcinomas showed high numbers of monocytes and DCs. Upon HSV-1716 infection, human monocyte-derived DCs produced large amounts of IFN-γ and upregulated MIG and IP-10 expression. These results indicate that HSV-1716 induces an inflammatory response that may facilitate antitumor immune response upon oncolytic therapy.
A concise review: Iron absorption—The mucin‐mobilferrin‐integrin pathway. A competitive pathway for metal absorption
Authors: Marcel E. Conrad, Jay N. Umbreit
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Newly identified iron binding proteins isolated from rat duodenal homogenates permit better understanding of iron absorption. Mucins bind iron at acid pH to keep iron soluble and available for absorption at the more alkaline pH of the duodenum; this explains iron deficiency following prolonged achlorhydria. Integrin (90/150 kD) was identified on the absorptive surface of enterocytes in association with radioiron and is believed to facilitate transit of iron through the microvillous membrane. Mobilferrin, a 56 kD iron binding protein, was isolated from enterocyte cytosol. It coprecipitates with integrin and appears in close association with integrins in the apical cytoplasm. We postulate it accepts dietary iron from integrin and acts as the shuttle protein for iron in the cytoplasm. Since iron in enterocytes remains in equilibrium with body stores, we postulate mucosal iron uptake is regulated by the number of iron binding sites either occupied or unoccupied by iron on mobilferrin. Iron repletion of enterocytes from body stores is accomplished via transferrin receptors on the posterolateral membranes of enterocytes. Increased transfer of iron from blood into absorptive enterocytes occurs in iron replete animals to inhibit mucosal uptake of dietary iron. Little transfer of iron from plasma to enterocytes occurs in iron deficiency. Enhanced mucosal transfer of iron into the body occurs with increased body need for iron. The exact mechanism for mucosal transfer of iron into the plasma has not been defined but may also be mediated by an integrin. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abstract 10224: Common Carotid End-Diastolic Velocity is Independently Associated with Future Ischemic Heart Disease in Taiwan
Authors: Shao-Yuan Chuang, Pai-Feng Hsu, Chyi-Huey Bai, Jiunn-Rong Chen, Wen-Ting Yeh, Wen-Harn Pan
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background and Purpose Our previous prospective study showed that low end-diastolic velocity (EDV) in common carotid artery, a potential hemodynamic marker of intracranial resistance, was associated with ischemic stroke. We investigated that whether the end-diastolic velocity was also associated with incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) in an Asian population. Methods Baseline data from 3170 adults (30 years or older) in the Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factor Two-Township Study were linked to incidental ischemic heart disease (ICD-9-CM: 410-414) status derived from insurance claims and death certificate records. Hazard ratios for risk of ischemic heart disease for EDV values measured in common carotid artery were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results With 9.84 years (median) of follow-up, 138 persons had ischemic heart disease develop. A dose-response relationship (inverse association) was found in univariate analysis between IHD risk and tertiles of peak systolic velocity (hazard rat...
A Quantitative Promoter Methylation Profile of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Carmen Jerónimo, Rui Henrique, Mohammad O. Hoque, Elizabeth Mambo, Franclim R. Ribeiro, Graça Varzim, Jorge Oliveira, Manuel R. Teixeira, Carlos Lopes, David Sidransky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Promoter hypermethylation is an alternative pathway for gene silencing in neoplastic cells and a promising cancer detection marker. Although quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP) of the GSTP1 promoter has demonstrated near perfect specificity for cancer detection in prostate biopsies, we postulated that identification and characterization of additional methylation markers might further improve its high (80–90%) sensitivity. Experimental Design: We surveyed nine gene promoters (GSTP1, MGMT, p14/ARF, p16/CDKN2A, RASSF1A, APC, TIMP3, S100A2, and CRBP1) by QMSP in tissue DNA from 118 prostate carcinomas, 38 paired high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias (HGPIN), and 30 benign prostatic hyperplasias (BPH). The methylation levels were calculated and were correlated with clinical and pathologic indicators. Results: Only the methylation frequencies of GSTP1 and APC were significantly higher in prostate carcinoma compared with BPH (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Methylation levels of GSTP1, APC, RASSF1A, and CRBP1, differed significantly between prostate carcinoma and HGPIN, and/or HGPIN or BPH (P &amp;lt; 0.0001).With QMSP and empirically defined cutoff values, the combined use of GSTP1 and APC demonstrated a theoretical sensitivity of 98.3% for prostate carcinoma, with 100% specificity. Methylation levels were found to correlate with tumor grade (GSTP1 and APC) and stage (GSTP1, RASSF1A, and APC). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the existence of a progressive increase of promoter methylation levels of several cancer-related genes in prostate carcinogenesis, providing additional markers to augment molecular detection of prostate carcinoma. Because methylation levels of GSTP1, APC, and RASSF1A are associated with advanced grade and stage, QMSP might augment the pathologic indicators currently used to predict tumor aggressiveness.
Melanosomal Targeting Sequences from gp100 Are Essential for MHC Class II–Restricted Endogenous Epitope Presentation and Mobilization to Endosomal Compartments
Authors: Stéphanie Lepage, Réjean Lapointe
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in CD8+ T cell–mediated responses against tumors. Considering that ∼20% of melanomas express MHC class II, it is plausible that concomitant presentation by MHC class I and class II shapes positive (helper T cells) or negative (regulatory T cells) antitumor responses. Interestingly, gp100, a melanoma antigen, can be presented by both MHC class I and class II when expressed endogenously, suggesting that it can reach endosomal/MHC class II compartments (MIIC). Here, we showed that gp100 putative NH2-terminal signal sequence and the last 70 residues in COOH terminus are essential for MIIC localization and MHC class II presentation. Confocal microscopy analyses confirmed that gp100 was localized in LAMP-1+/HLA-DR+ endosomal/MIIC. Gp100 targeting sequences were characterized by deleting different sections in the COOH terminus (last 70 residues). Transfection in 293T cells, expressing MHC class I and class II molecules, revealed that specific deletions in COOH terminus resulted in decreased MHC class II presentation, without effects on class I presentation, suggesting a role in MIIC trafficking for these deleted sections. Then, we used these gp100 targeting sequences to mobilize green fluorescent protein to endosomal compartments and to allow MHC class II and class I presentation of minimal endogenous epitopes. We conclude that these specific sequences are MIIC-targeting motifs, which could be included in expression cassettes for endogenously expressed tumor or viral antigens for MHC class II and class I presentation and optimize in vivo T-cell responses or as an in vitro tool for characterization of new MHC class II epitopes. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2423-32)
Hand-Schüller-Christian Disease: A Detailed Clinical Survey. Results of Short Term Prednisone Therapy in Ten Patients.
Authors: L. V. Avioli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Hand-Schüller-Christian Disease: A Detailed Clinical Survey. Results of Short Term Prednisone Therapy in Ten Patients.L. V. Avioli, M.D., M. Z. Lazor, M.D., H. K. Kashima, M.D., J. R. Andrews, M.D.L. V. Avioli, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. Z. Lazor, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. K. Kashima, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. R. Andrews, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1042_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTen patients with the systemic variety of Hand-Schüller-Christian disease (eosinophilic xanthomatous granulomatosis) have been followed for periods of six to 18 months. Osteolytic lesions were observed in all patients; four presented with diabetes insipidus and three with exophthalmos. Seborrheic dermatitis, chronic otitis media, a non-regenerative anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly were also observed clinically. One case presented with exanthoma disseminata and what appeared to represent hypothalmic involvement, since the disease process was manifested by documented deficiencies in adenocorticotropic and thyroid-stimulating hormones. Bone age as well as urinary gonadotrophin levels were normal in this patient. Osteolytic lesions were biopsied and cultured before and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1042-1042KeywordsAnemiaBoneHepatosplenomegalyLesionsMetastasisOtitis mediaSystemic diseasesThyroid-stimulating hormone ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
713 IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY APPLICABILITY TO EVALUATE LIVER STIFFNESS BY TRAINED OPERATORS AND USING XL PROBE
Authors: J.A. Carrión, M. Puigvehí, S. Coll, M. Garcia-Retortillo, N. Cañete, I. Cirera, M.D. Giménez, C. Márquez, F. Bory, R. Solà
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Differential macrophage requirements for T helper cell and T helper cell-induced B lymphocyte proliferation.
Authors: A Bandeira, G Pobor, S Petterson, A Coutinho
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Major histocompatibility complex-restricted helper T cell clones against "minor" antigens expressed on B cell and macrophage surfaces, when confronted with appropriate T cell-depleted spleen cells, are induced to proliferation and, in turn, activate "target-responder" B cells to polyclonal growth and maturation. Irradiation of helper cell populations, however, demonstrates that their effector functions (and B lymphocyte responses) are independent of proliferative activity. Adherent cell depletion on Sephadex G10 columns, while completely abrogating helper T cell proliferation, does not abolish helper cell-induced B cell responses, demonstrating a remarkable quantitative difference in macrophage requirements for the growth of these two cell types. Because significant B cell responses are detected upon interaction with primed helper T cells under conditions of extreme macrophage depletion, we conclude that the role of macrophages in T-B cell cooperation is limited to expansion of optimal numbers of helper T lymphocytes. It follows that activated helper cells can autonomously produce all B cell-specific growth and maturation factors mediating cooperative antibody responses. In contrast, the profound reduction of LPS-induced responses upon macrophage depletion suggests accessory cell production of such factors in thymus-independent B cell growth and/or maturation.
Two Children of Same Family Showing Features of Mongolism
Authors: F. M. Paul
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Two Children of Same Family Showing Features of MongolismMongolism occurs in all races, though most descriptions have come from Europe or America.It is not uncommon among the Chinese population of Singapore, and we have recently seen two mongols in a single Chinese sibship.CASE REPORTS Case 1.-A 2-year-old Chinese girl was admitted to hos- pital on November 14, 1955, for bronchopneumonia.It was noticed that s h e
Dialysis and Pregnancy
Authors: George E. Schreiner
Journal: JAMA (1976)

When hemodialysis was introduced in the treatment of patients with prolonged or irreversible, acute 1 or chronic 2 renal failure, one of the questions asked was: Could pregnancy be sustained in an oliguric woman? It was feared that heparin used during dialysis could precipitate or aggravate uterine hemorrhage.  Many nephrologists speculated on this problem with optimism. Experience with heparin in patients with menorrhagia, uterine fibroids, septic abortion, premature separation of the placenta, and uterine bleeding from other causes suggested that even the diseased uterus is resistant to the bleeding effects of heparin. The healthy pregnant uterus should be even more so.  Since the first use of dialysis in pregnancy in 1963, 3 the overall experience has been that serious uterine bleeding induced by heparin is rare and that a pregnant woman can undergo dialysis with relative safety.  However, the more basic question remained: Is the abnormal biochemical environment in the