tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of histamine on the growth of human gastrointestinal tumours: reversal by cimetidine.
Authors: S A Watson, L J Wilkinson, J F Robertson, J D Hardcastle
Journal: Gut (1993)

The proliferative effects of histamine were examined on the human gastric tumour cell lines; MKN45, the gastrin producing subline, MKN45G, and the colorectal lines; LoVo and C170. The proliferation of MKN45 as assessed by 75[Se] selenomethionine uptake and cell counts was increased by histamine concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-9) M. Histamine concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-7) M maximally stimulated MKN45G proliferation which titrated out at lower histamine concentrations. The accumulation of cyclic adenosine 39,59 monophosphate (cAMP) in response to the same histamine concentrations was also increased in the two gastric cell lines. The histamine receptor antagonist, cimetidine (10(-5) M) reversed the histamine stimulated proliferation of both gastric cell lines despite having no effect on basal growth. The proliferation of the colorectal lines was unaffected by histamine. Histamine given locally at the subcutaneous implantation site of the tumour (1 mg/kg/day) increased the growth of MKN45G xenografts in nude mice. This was reversed by coadministration of cimetidine (100 mg/kg/day, given in the drinking water). Cimetidine also inhibited the basal proliferation of MKN45 xenografts. Histamine acting locally may enhance the proliferation of tumours arising within the stomach. Such effects may be blocked by administration of histamine receptor antagonists, such as cimetidine.
Is the association of airborne particles with daily deaths confounded by gaseous air pollutants? An approach to control by matching.
Authors: Joel Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Although particulate air pollution has been associated with increased numbers of daily deaths in dozens of cities around the world, issues still remain about the association. Some have questioned the complex modeling used to control for season in Poisson regression or the role of gaseous air pollutants as potential confounders of the association. I examined the association between deaths and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 microm (PM10) using a case-crossover design. In this approach, the pollution on the day of each death is contrasted with the pollution level on control days when the subject did not die. Season and gaseous air pollutants were controlled by matching. Control days were chosen within the same month of the same year to control for season, and matched on either sulfur dioxide (SO2; within 1 ppb), nitrogen dioxide (within 1 ppb), maximum ozone (within 2 ppb), or carbon monoxide (within 0.03 ppm). The analysis was conducted in 14 U.S. cities that have daily PM10 monitoring. After matching, there were about 400,000 deaths in each analysis. Results were combined across cities using a maximum likelihood method. PM10 was a significant predictor of mortality when controlling for gaseous air pollutants, with effect sizes ranging from a 0.45% increase per 10 microg/m3 increment of PM10 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12-0.79%] when matched on maximum hourly ozone levels, to a 0.81% increase per 10 microg/m3 increment of PM10 (95% CI, 0.47-1.16%) when matched on 24-hr average SO2.
Comparison of magnetic resonance enteroclysis and capsule endoscopy with balloon-assisted enteroscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: B. Wiarda, D. Heine, P. Mensink, M. Stolk, J. Dees, H. Hazenberg, J. Stoker, E. Kuipers
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> New modalities are available for visualization of the small bowel in patients with possible obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), but their performance requires further comparison. This study compared the diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance enteroclysis (MRE) and capsule endoscopy in patients with OGIB, using balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) as the reference standard. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Consecutive consenting patients who were referred for evaluation of OGIB were prospectively included. Patients underwent MRE followed by capsule endoscopy and BAE. Patients with high grade stenosis at MRE did not undergo capsule endoscopy. The reference standard was BAE findings in visualized small-bowel segments and expert panel consensus for segments not visualized during BAE. <b>Results:</b> Over a period of 26 months, 38 patients were included (20 female [53 %]; mean age 58 years, range 28 – 75 years). Four patients (11 %) did not undergo capsule endoscopy due to high grade small-bowel stenosis at MRE (n = 3; 8 %) or timing issues (n = 1; 3 %). Capsule endoscopy was non-diagnostic in one patient. The reference standard identified abnormal findings in 20 patients (53 %). MRE had sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 21 %, 100 %, infinity, and 0.79, respectively. The corresponding values for capsule endoscopy were 61 %, 85 %, 4.1, and 0.46. The reference standard and capsule endoscopy did not differ in percent positive findings (<i>P</i> = 0.34), but MRE differed significantly from the reference BAE (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Capsule endoscopy was superior to MRE for detecting abnormalities (<i>P</i> = 0.0015). <b>Conclusion:</b> Capsule endoscopy performed better than MRE in the detection of small-bowel abnormality in patients with OGIB. MRE may be considered as an alternative for the initial examination in patients with clinical suspicion of small-bowel stenosis.
Abstract 651: The clinical significance of tissue miR-124 methylation in sporadic and ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
Authors: Yuji Toiyama, Keun Hur, Koji Tanaka, Yasuhiro Inoue, Takeshi Nagasaka, Masato Kusunoki, C. Richard Boland, Ajay Goel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Growing evidence indicates that the expression of several miRNAs can be epigenetically regulated through methylation of their promoter CpG sequences. MiR-124 is one such tumor suppressive miRNA, which is expressed at lower levels in various human cancers due to methylation of its promoter region. The present study aimed to determine miR-124 methylation status and determine its clinical significance in sporadic and ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials &amp; Methods: We analyzed 579 colorectal tissues, which included 176 sporadic CRC and the corresponding adjacent normal colonic mucosa (NC), 57 colorectal adenomas and 20 normal colonic mucosae from non-cancer patients (NN). In addition, we also examined 135 normal mucosae (N-UC), 12 dysplasia(D-UC) and 12 colitic cancers (C-UC) from UC patients. We performed quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing analysis to determine miR-124 promoter methylation levels. Results: MiR-124 methylation rate was significantly higher in CRCs and adenomas compared to NC or NN (P&amp;lt;0.0001, CRC vs. NC; P&amp;lt;0.0001, CRC vs. NN). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that methylation levels of miR-124 can robustly discriminate patients with CRC (AUC=0.977) and adenomas (AUC=0.985) from healthy controls. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high miR-124 methylation demonstrated poor overall survival (p=0.001), and high miR-124 methylation was an independent prognostic factor of sporadic CRC (p=0.028). Similarly, miR-124 methylation was significantly higher in C-UC and D-UC compared to N-UC (p&amp;lt;0.0001). ROC analysis showed that miR-124 methylation can successfully discriminate C-UC (AUC=0.978) and D-UC (AUC=0.884) from N-UC. Interestingly, high levels of miR-124 methylation in rectal specimens were an independent predictor for the development of UC-associated CRC. Conclusions: miR-124 methylation is an early event in sporadic, as well as ulcerative colitis-associated CRC. Since miR-124 methylation could robustly identify patients with colorectal adenomas and cancers, this miRNA has the potential to serve as a diagnostic marker in colorectal neoplasia. Citation Format: Yuji Toiyama, Keun Hur, Koji Tanaka, Yasuhiro Inoue, Takeshi Nagasaka, Masato Kusunoki, C. Richard Boland, Ajay Goel. The clinical significance of tissue miR-124 methylation in sporadic and ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 651. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-651
Ambulatory management of large primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Stéphane Jouneau, Laurent Sohier, Benoit Desrues
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal, MASSONGO et al. [1] reported the results of a prospective study dealing with ambulatory management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) using a pigtail catheter with one-way valve in a series of 60 consecutive patients.The authors reported a success rate of 83%, a 1-year recurrence rate of 17% and full outpatient management in 50% of the patients.However, they included in their analysis 12 (20%) patients with small PSP and no breathlessness, which were treated conservatively, and all of these patients demonstrated complete re-expansion by day 7.As the definition of success was based on the complete or nearly complete re-expansion of the lung on chest radiography at 7 days, these 12 patients alter the results, as the size of the pneumothorax determines the rate of resolution [2].Therefore, in large PSP, the success rate is actually 79% (38 out of 48) and 37% (18 out of 48) had full outpatient management.However, we strongly agree with the usefulness of such management of spontaneous pneumothoraces.We would like to highlight the importance of the four ''discharge safety criteria'' described by the authors: 1) patient in stable condition; 2) time to reach the hospital from patient's home ,1 h by any means of transport; 3) patient not living alone; and 4) patient able to understand and implement instructions given in the case of problems.We think that with this technique, patient could be discharge even at night.Therefore, the fifth criterion (time of discharge earlier than 20:00 h) seems not so relevant.To conclude, we would like to thank MASSONGO et al. [1] for this work, which shows that ambulatory management of large PSP is safe, efficient and cost-effective.This technique is not mentioned in current guidelines [2][3][4] and should be included in future recommendations.As recently stated by BRIMS and MASKELL [5], prospective studies are lacking in this field and we need randomised clinical trials to clearly demonstrate the benefit of this ambulatory management, such as that described by the authors of the present paper.
A layered perceptron approach to categorizing cDNA microarray measurements
Authors: Markus Ringner, Carsten Peterson, Sofia Gruvberger, Mårten Fernö, Åke Borg, Javed Khan, Jun Wei, Lao Saal, Yidong Chen, Marc Ladanyi, Paul S. Meltzer, Jeff M. Trent
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Impact of [18F]-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine PET imaging on target definition for radiation therapy of high-grade glioma
Authors: P. Munck af Rosenschold, J. Costa, S. A. Engelholm, M. J. Lundemann, I. Law, L. Ohlhues, S. Engelholm
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

We sought to assess the impact of amino-acid 18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (FET) positron emission tomography (PET) on the volumetric target definition for radiation therapy of high-grade glioma versus the current standard using MRI alone. Specifically, we investigated the influence of tumor grade, MR-defined tumor volume, and the extent of surgical resection on PET positivity. Fifty-four consecutive high-grade glioma patients (World Health Organization grades III–IV) with confirmed histology were scanned using FET-PET/CT and T1 and T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery MRI. Gross tumor volume and clinical target volumes (CTVs) were defined in a blinded fashion based on MRI and subsequently PET, and volumetric analysis was performed. The extent of the surgical resection was reviewed using postoperative MRI. Overall, for ∼90% of the patients, the PET-positive volumes were encompassed by T1 MRI with contrast-defined tumor plus a 20-mm margin. The tumor volume defined by PET was larger for glioma grade IV (P < .001) and smaller for patients with more extensive surgical resection (P = .004). The margin required to be added to the MRI-defined tumor in order to fully encompass the FET-PET positive volume tended to be larger for grade IV tumors (P = .018). With an unchanged CTV margin and by including FET-PET for gross tumor volume definition, the CTV will increase moderately for most patients, and quite substantially for a minority of patients. Patients with grade IV glioma were found to be the primary candidates for PET-guided radiation therapy planning.
Abstract 4447: In search of the ideal cancer screening test
Authors: Xavier Pivot, Jérôme Viguier, Jean-François Morère, Jean-Yves Blay, Yvan Coscas, Claire Roussel, François Eisinger
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The success of a cancer screening program partly depends on the compliance level of the screened population for the proposed screening procedure. Since 2005, EDIFICE surveys on cancer screening behaviours are carried out in France in the general population for breast, colon and prostate cancers. In the third edition of the EDIFICE surveys, subjects were questioned on what could be improved on screening tests. Methods: This third nationwide observational study, EDIFICE 3, was conducted through phone interviews among a representative sample of 1603 subjects aged between 40 and 75 years, using the quota method, from July 8th to July 28th, 2011. The question concerning subjects’ expectations for a screening test was: “If scientific progress were made, what kind of cancer screening test would you wish to be proposed?” Results: For breast cancer screening, among 669 women never treated for cancer, the main expectations were: a more reliable imaging or radiological test for 43% of the subjects, a blood test for 32% and no preference for 17% of the subjects. For colon cancer screening, among 1469 subjects never treated for cancer, the main expectations were: a blood test for 35% of the subjects, no preference for 22% and a more reliable imaging or radiological test for 21% of the subjects. Results show a low level of satisfaction for the fecal occult blood test with 9% of the subjects looking for a more reliable fecal test. For prostate cancer screening, among 711 men never treated for cancer, the main expectations were: a blood test for 43% of the subjects, a more reliable imaging or radiological test for 21% and no preference for 21 % of the subjects. Conclusions: For breast cancer and prostate cancer, screening procedures are well accepted by the population. The vast majority prefers a blood test for cancer screening, even if they seem to accept radiological tests. In contrast, the population seems reluctant with fecal occult blood tests. This suggests the need to think over colon cancer screening tests to improve their results. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4447. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4447
High-Dose Folic Acid Pretreatment Blunts Cardiac Dysfunction During Ischemia Coupled to Maintenance of High-Energy Phosphates and Reduces Postreperfusion Injury
Authors: An L. Moens, Hunter C. Champion, Marc J. Claeys, Barbara Tavazzi, Pawel M. Kaminski, Michael S. Wolin, Dirk J. Borgonjon, Luc Van Nassauw, Azeb Haile, Muz Zviman, Djahida Bedja, Floris L. Wuyts, Rebecca S. Elsaesser, Paul Cos, Kathy L. Gabrielson, Giuseppe Lazzarino, Nazareno Paolocci, Jean-Pierre Timmermans, Christiaan J. Vrints, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The B vitamin folic acid (FA) is important to mitochondrial protein and nucleic acid synthesis, is an antioxidant, and enhances nitric oxide synthase activity. Here, we tested whether FA reduces myocardial ischemic dysfunction and postreperfusion injury.Wistar rats were pretreated with either FA (10 mg/d) or placebo for 1 week and then underwent in vivo transient left coronary artery occlusion for 30 minutes with or without 90 minutes of reperfusion (total n=131; subgroups used for various analyses). FA (4.5x10(-6) mol/L i.c.) pretreatment and global ischemia/reperfusion (30 minutes/30 minutes) also were performed in vitro (n=28). After 30 minutes of ischemia, global function declined more in controls than in FA-pretreated rats (Delta dP/dtmax, -878+/-586 versus -1956+/-351 mm Hg/s placebo; P=0.03), and regional thickening was better preserved (37.3+/-5.3% versus 5.1+/-0.6% placebo; P=0.004). Anterior wall perfusion fell similarly (-78.4+/-9.3% versus -71.2+/-13.8% placebo at 30 minutes), yet myocardial high-energy phosphates ATP and ADP reduced by ischemia in controls were better preserved by FA pretreatment (ATP: control, 2740+/-58 nmol/g; ischemia, 947+/-55 nmol/g; ischemia plus FA, 1332+/-101 nmol/g; P=0.02). Basal oxypurines (xanthine, hypoxanthine, and urate) rose with FA pretreatment but increased less during ischemia than in controls. Ischemic superoxide generation declined (3124+/-280 cpm/mg FA versus 5898+/-474 cpm/mg placebo; P=0.001). After reperfusion, FA-treated hearts had smaller infarcts (3.8+/-1.2% versus 60.3+/-4.1% placebo area at risk; P<0.002) and less contraction band necrosis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling positivity, superoxide, and nitric oxide synthase uncoupling. Infarct size declined similarly with 1 mg/d FA.FA pretreatment blunts myocardial dysfunction during ischemia and ameliorates postreperfusion injury. This is coupled to preservation of high-energy phosphates, reducing subsequent reactive oxygen species generation, eNOS-uncoupling, and postreperfusion cell death.
Current Biochemical Approaches to Schizophrenia
Authors: Seymour S. Kety
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE schizophrenic psychoses that account for more than half the patients in mental hospitals present a major challenge to medical research. Biochemistry, which has had notable success in other areas of medicine, has appropriately been brought to bear on this one, and the ability of many simple chemical substances to produce a toxic psychosis that simulates schizophrenia in certain respects has generated the hope that a relatively simple chemical disturbance may be identified in its etiology. Heuristic hypotheses such as those formulated on this premise are always beneficial to a field because of the interest, thought and research that they . . .
Nearly all English general practices are set to run their own budgets
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The government has admitted that it will have to wait years before it discovers whether there are real productivity gains from the new consultants' contract.NHS leaders also told the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts last week that lessons had been learnt from mistakes made when the contract was introduced, such as not piloting it before implementation.They were giving evidence as part of the committee's inquiry into the consultants' contract.The session was prompted by the publication earlier this month of a report from the government's
Primary haemangiopericytoma of lung
Authors: J. B. Meade, F. Whitwell, B. J. Bickford, J. K. B. Waddington
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Meade, J. B., Whitwell, F., Bickford, B. J., and Waddington, J. K. B. (1974).</b><i>Thorax,</i><b>29,</b> 1-15. <b>Primary haemangiopericytoma of lung.</b> Haemangiopericytoma is a rare neoplasm which may occur at any age and arise in almost any part of the body. At least 247 examples have been reported in the world literature, but only 24 appear to have arisen primarily in the lung. A summary of the features of these cases, collected from the literature, is presented, and four additional cases are described. The tumour may be innocent [ill] malignant, but there are no characteristic clinical or radiological features to distinguish it from other neoplasms of the lung. Because of uncertainty as to diagnosis and prognosis, surgical excision appears to be the treatment of choice. In the whole series of 28 cases, rather more than half (16) were female, and they tended to be older than the male patients. The mortality from recurrence was higher in males than in females (50% compared with 32%). The prognosis in general seems to be best with small, asymptomatic tumours, especially in female patients. A brief account is given of the nature and function of the pericyte. It was originally thought to be a cell of muscular type, but recent research suggests that it is a multipotent cell capable of development into other cell types and having phagocytic properties. It lies in the basement membrane of capillary blood vessels and may have some connection with antibody formation, but its exact function has not yet been elucidated.
SUBSTITUTES FOR EPHEDRINE
Authors: K. K. Chen
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The experimental and clinical investigations of the action of ephedrine, reported by us separately in a number of recent publications, were carried out with ephedrine sulphate or hydrochloride, made in the laboratory of pharmacology of Peking Union Medical College according to the method described by one of us (Chen, K. K.: A Pharmacognostic and Chemical Study of Ma Huang [Ephedra Vulgaris Var. Helvetica],<i>J. Am. Pharm. A</i>.<b>14</b>:191 [March] 1925). We have recently had some experience with a preparation of so-called ephedrine hydrochloride, which was sold by a druggist in Philadelphia who obtained it from an English drug house, the source and method of preparation being unknown. This sample of the drug was not effective clinically in the control of asthma in a patient who had been completely relieved by the Peking product (Miller). Experimentally it was capable of relaxing the bronchial spasm produced in pithed
National register will monitor hip replacements
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A national register to monitor the long term performance of hip replacements in England is planned by the Department ofHealth to address widespread variations in the costs and effectiveness of such operations in the NHS.

The move comes in response to recommendations made this month in reports from the National Audit Office and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). The reports identified significant differences around the country in the quality of hip replacement services and in the type of prostheses used.

About 30000 people a year have hips replaced on the NHS in England, at a cost of £140m ($224m). Some 10% of these patients develop complications and may have to undergo repeat operations, the National Audit Office's investigation …
436 A study of procaterol hydrochloride and isoproterenol aerosol in pediatric outpatients with asthma
Authors: A Segal, J Kemp, S Bock, R Nathan, G Shapiro, S Siegel, J Wolfe, D Spangler, J Pinnas, L Mendelson, J Grossman, P Chervinsky, E Bronsky, L Cummins
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)