tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Localization of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the lungs of silica-exposed mice.
Authors: R C Nario, A K Hubbard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is expressed on a variety of cells including endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages. Endothelial/epithelial cell ICAM-1 participates in the migration of leukocytes out of the blood in response to pulmonary inflammation, whereas alveolar macrophage ICAM-1 may represent cell activation. Our previous studies have shown that there is increased expression of ICAM-1 in lung tissue during acute inflammation following intratracheal injection with silica particles (2 mg/mouse). This increased expression was shown to play a role, in part, in the migration of neutrophils from the circulation into the tissue parenchyma. The aim of the current work is to localize expression of ICAM-1 during acute inflammation in lungs of mice exposed to either silica or the nuisance dust, titanium dioxide. In silica-exposed mice, a significant increase in ICAM-1 was detected on day-1 and localized by immunohistochemistry to aggregates of pulmonary macrophages and to type II epithelial cells. Areas of the lung with increased ICAM-1 expression also showed increased tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. Immunocytochemical staining of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells demonstrated increased ICAM-1 expression associated with alveolar macrophages 3, 5, and 7 days following silica exposure. Finally, soluble ICAM-1 levels in the BAL fluid were significantly increased in mice exposed to silica on the same days. Titanium dioxide exposure elicited a minimal increase in expression of ICAM-1 in the lungs. These data demonstrate that exposure to the toxic particle silica specifically increases ICAM-1 expression localized to pulmonary macrophages and type II epithelial cells.
PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF HEMOPOIETIC STEM CELLS DIFFERING IN THEIR CAPACITY FOR SELF-RENEWAL
Authors: R. G. Worton, E. A. McCulloch, J. E. Till
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Bone marrow cells in suspension were separated into a number of fractions on the basis of cell size by sedimentation at unit gravity through gradients of fetal calf serum. The colony forming units (CFU) from the various fractions were tested for their self-renewal capacity using a double transplantation technique. The results indicate that the CFU in the fractions containing slowly sedimenting cells have an increased capacity for self-renewal in comparison with CFU in fractions containing rapidly sedimenting cells. In addition, a culture method was used to select populations containing CFU with increased self-renewal capacity, and these CFU were shown to sediment slowly in comparison with CFU of lower self-renewal capacity obtained from control cultures. It may be concluded that at least part of the heterogeneity observed in the CFU content of individual spleen colonies arises from the composition of the initial cell suspension, probably from intrinsic differences between the stem cells themselves.
Dazed by Darzi
Authors: Frank Loeffler
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

I refer to the article in the July 2008 issue of your journal by ‘Professor the Lord Darzi’ (your version of the author's name) about evidence-based medicine (EBM) and the NHS (JRSM 2008;101:342–344). Professor Darzi starts by reminding us that EBM (which used to be the acronym for expressed breast milk) has been around for at least 36 years. And after reading the article six times, I gather that his message is that EBM is a good thing, that everyone involved in healthcare should be aware of its findings, and that there is a need to measure not only the outcomes of treatment but the manner in which it is delivered. All this is good common sense and nowhere near what one might call cutting-edge observations.

What is so desperately disappointing is that it took me six readings to grasp the simple points that Professor Darzi was making. Reading his article made me feel as I do when trying to swat a fly – just when you think you have got it, the beast eludes you. Nowhere in Professor Darzi's article can one find any hard information about how the Darzi message might be applied to everyday clinical practice.

Professor Darzi seems, instead, to have fallen into the trap of espousing the obscurantist smoke screen of ‘management speak’. Example: ‘We can use an evidence base to better understand the structural enablers for driving forward multidimensional quality improvement agendas in a contemporary NHS’. If Lord Darzi and his advisers want to see changes for the better in the NHS, I would urge them to abandon management waffle, to resort to plain, basic English (preferably avoiding Americanisms like ‘incentivize’) and to give us concrete examples (rather than nebulous dissertations) on what they envisage for the future.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> and Its Potent Synthetic Analogs Downregulate Tissue Factor and Upregulate Thrombomodulin Expression in Monocytic Cells, Counteracting the Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Oxidized LDL
Authors: Mai Ohsawa, Takatoshi Koyama, Keiko Yamamoto, Shinsaku Hirosawa, Sachiko Kamei, Ryuichi Kamiyama
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —We have recently found that a hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], exerts anticoagulant effects by upregulating the expression of an anticoagulant glycoprotein, thrombomodulin (TM), and downregulating the expression of a critical coagulation factor, tissue factor (TF), in monocytic cells including human peripheral monocytes. In this study, we investigated the counteracting effects of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and its potent analogs on TF induction and TM downregulation by tumor necrosis factor and oxidized LDL in monocytic cells and the modulatory effects of potent analogs on TF and TM expression. Methods and Results —Effects of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and its potent synthetic analogs (22R)-22-methyl-20-epi-1,25(OH) 2 D 3 (KY3) and 22-oxacalcitriol on TF and TM antigen levels, cell surface activities, and mRNA levels in monocytic cells were examined. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and its potent analogs showed anticoagulant effects in monocytic cells by downregulating TF and upregulating TM expression, counteracting the effects of tumor necrosis factor and oxidized LDL. KY3 was most potent in its regulatory effect on TF and TM expression. Conclusions —Because KY3 has the highest affinity for vitamin D receptor, our findings suggest that TF and TM regulation by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 analogs is also mediated by vitamin D receptor. The 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 analogs KY3 and 22-oxacalcitriol may have the potential to serve as an agent for preventing and treating atherosclerotic and other cytokine-mediated thrombotic diseases and as a tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of TF and TM regulation.
Report of Three Cases of Lithotomy: With Remarks on the Operation
Authors: W. P. Swain
Journal: BMJ (1867)

THE-IJTST;; ktEDICAL _TOURPML.iI.A discharge from the nipple exists in all affections of the true breast-gland.In cancer, it is sanguineous and scanty; in true cysti dis.ease, it is viscid and abundant, and can be readily increased by pressure on the cysts; in inflammatory,, it is watery or purulent.12. In cases of tumour of the breast, when the skin has ruptured or become ulcerated, the margin of the opening or sore reveals the character of the disease; in simple cases, presenting the appearance of being ruptured, cut out, or punched; whilst in cancerous diseases there is no such distinct margin, the.edges of the wound appearing thickened, in- durated, and everted.OBSTETRIC MEMORANDA.UNDER this head we shall from time to time, as materials come to hand from correspondents, publish records of cases remarkable in them- selves, or illustrating points of interest in obstetric practice, therapeutic or manipulative.We shall probably in this way preserve from oblivion the notes of very many useful and instructive occurrences in private practice; for the great obstetric experience is that-for the most part hitherto unwritten-of the great body of general practitioners throughout Great Britain.We will only ask those who may forward cases for record to relate them with the utmost brevity, and equally to condense any appended remarks.MATERNAL IMPRESSTONS, By E. GARRAWAY, Esq., Faversham.SCEPTICAL as many of us are in attributing the various deformities which we encounter in new-born children to the effect of maternal emo-- tion, cases do every now and then occur which compel us to believe.A more marked instance I never met with than the following, which-has just come under my notice.A young woman, not aware thiat she was pregnant, though the sequel proved that she was six weeks advanced, saw a rat advancing towards her.She shuddered, clutched her left arm below the elbow with her right hand, and shut her eyes.The child, at the completion of gesta- tion, was born with the left forearm undeveloped, as if it had been am- putated below the elbow, and totally blind-amaurotic.FIBROID TUMOUR OF THE UTERUS.By ARTHUR W. EDIS, M.B.ON June 26th, I was requested to see E. D., aged 5o, a married woman, who was in great pain in the pelvic region, blanched, puffy under the eyes, with very feeble pulse and great exhaustion.For the last ten years she had been subject to a continuous sero-sanguineous discharge from the vagina, occasionally sustaining profuse losses of blood, especi- ally after any unusual exertion.During the winter of i866, she suffered from severe weight and bearing down.On examination per vaginam, a large fibroid tumour was detected, filling up the cavity of the pelvis, and interfering with the pelvic viscera.By means of firm and steady pressure on the tumour, it was passed up above the brim of the pelvis, affording great relief to the patient.A dose of opium was given; and the liquid extract of ergot (nmxv), with bromide of potassium (gr.x), in decoction of cinchona, was prescribed.In a few days, the patient was enabled to leave her bed.
Resident Cardiac Mast Cells Degranulate and Release Preformed TNF-α, Initiating the Cytokine Cascade in Experimental Canine Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis, Merry L. Lindsey, Lloyd H. Michael, Keith A. Youker, Robert B. Bressler, Leonardo H. Mendoza, Robert N. Spengler, C. Wayne Smith, Mark L. Entman
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Neutrophil-induced cardiomyocyte injury requires the expression of myocyte intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and ICAM-1-CD11b/CD18 adhesion. We have previously demonstrated interleukin (IL)-6 activity in postischemic cardiac lymph; IL-6 is the primary stimulus for myocyte ICAM- 1 induction. Furthermore, we found that induction of IL-6 mRNA occurred very early on reperfusion of the infarcted myocardium. We hypothesized that the release of a preformed upstream cytokine induced IL-6 in leukocytes infiltrating on reperfusion.Constitutive expression of TNF-alpha and not IL-1beta was demonstrated in the normal canine myocardium and was localized predominantly in cardiac mast cells. Mast cell degranulation in the ischemic myocardium was documented by demonstration of a rapid release of histamine and TNF-alpha in the cardiac lymph after myocardial ischemia. Histochemical studies with FITC-labeled avidin demonstrated degranulating mast cells only in ischemic samples of canine myocardium. Immunohistochemistry suggested that degranulating mast cells were the primary source of TNF-alpha in the ischemic myocardium. In situ hybridization studies of reperfused myocardium localized IL-6 mRNA in infiltrating mononuclear cells and in mononuclear cells appearing in the postischemic cardiac lymph within the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. Furthermore, isolated canine mononuclear cells incubated with postischemic cardiac lymph demonstrated significant induction of IL-6 mRNA, which was partially blocked with a neutralizing antibody to TNF-alpha.Cardiac mast cells degranulate after myocardial ischemia, releasing preformed mediators, such as histamine and TNF-alpha. We suggest that mast cell-derived TNF-alpha may be a crucial factor in upregulating IL-6 in infiltrating leukocytes and initiating the cytokine cascade responsible for myocyte ICAM-1 induction and subsequent neutrophil-induced injury.
Assisted Suicide and Alternatives in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Lewis P. Rowland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Don't let go too soon, but don't hang on too long. Tuesdays with Morrie For an uncommon disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) commands a great deal of attention from the media, especially in the debate about physician-assisted suicide. Yet there has been no systematic survey of the views of patients themselves. Ganzini et al. have filled the gap by surveying 100 patients and 91 family care givers; they report the results in this issue of the Journal. 1 Most of the patients lived in Oregon; the study was completed just before assisted suicide became legal there in 1997. Fifty-six percent of . . .
261 51CR-EDTA PERMEABILITY TEST IN ASCITIC CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT HISTORY OF SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS
Authors: E. Scarpellini, G. Merra, A. Dal Lago, L. Zileri Dal Verme, C. Lauritano, C. Petruzzellis, R. Finizio, M. Santoro, M. Garcovich, A. Lupascu, G. Gasbarrini, G. Ghirlanda, V. Valenza, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Axl activates autocrine transforming growth factor‐β signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Patrick Reichl, Mirko Dengler, Franziska van Zijl, Heidemarie Huber, Gerhard Führlinger, Christian Reichel, Wolfgang Sieghart, Markus Peck‐Radosavljevic, Markus Grubinger, Wolfgang Mikulits
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic metastasis frequently correlates with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of malignant hepatocytes. Several mechanisms have been identified to be essentially involved in hepatocellular EMT, among them transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signaling. Here we show the up‐regulation and activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl in EMT‐transformed hepatoma cells. Knockdown of Axl expression resulted in abrogation of invasive and transendothelial migratory abilities of mesenchymal HCC cells in vitro and Axl overexpression‐induced metastatic colonization of epithelial hepatoma cells in vivo . Importantly, Axl knockdown severely impaired resistance to TGF‐β‐mediated growth inhibition. Analysis of the Axl interactome revealed binding of Axl to 14‐3‐3ζ, which is essentially required for Axl‐mediated cell invasion, transendothelial migration, and resistance against TGF‐β. Axl/14‐3‐3ζ signaling caused phosphorylation of Smad3 linker region (Smad3L) at Ser213, resulting in the up‐regulation of tumor‐progressive TGF‐β target genes such as PAI1, MMP9, and Snail as well as augmented TGF‐β1 secretion in mesenchymal HCC cells. Accordingly, high Axl expression in HCC patient samples correlated with elevated vessel invasion of HCC cells, higher risk of tumor recurrence after liver transplantation, strong phosphorylation of Smad3L, and lower survival. In addition, elevated expression of both Axl and 14‐3‐3ζ showed strongly reduced survival of HCC patients. Conclusion : Our data suggest that Axl/14‐3‐3ζ signaling is central for TGF‐β‐mediated HCC progression and a promising target for HCC therapy. (H epatology 2015;61:930–941)
Noninvasive ventilation after intubation and mechanical ventilation
Authors: M. Ferrer, O. Bernadich, S. Nava, A. Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Patients with chronic airflow obstruction who are difficult to wean from mechanical ventilation are at increased risk of intubation-associated complications and mortality because of prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation may revert most of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with weaning failure in these patients. Several randomized controlled trials have shown that use of noninvasive ventilation to achieve earlier extubation in difficult-to-wean patients or in patients who develop respiratory failure after apparently successful extubation can result in reduced periods of endotracheal intubation and complication rates and improved survival. However, this is not a consistent finding, and the currently available published data with outcome as the primary variable are exclusively from patients who had pre-existing lung disease. In addition, the patients were haemodynamically stable, with a normal level of consciousness, no fever and a preserved cough reflex. It remains to be seen whether noninvasive positive pressure ventilation has a role in other patient groups and situations, such as prevention of postextubation failure or unplanned extubation. The technique is, however, a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for a group of patients who pose a significant clinical and economic challenge.
Hamster female protein. A new Pentraxin structurally and functionally similar to C-reactive protein and amyloid P component.
Authors: J E Coe, S S Margossian, H S Slayter, J A Sogn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Female protein (FP), a serum protein present in normal female hamsters was found to be similar to acute-phase reactant, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) in the following ways: (a) hamster FP complexed with phosphorylcholine (PC) in a Ca++-dependent fashion as shown by its isolation from serum by affinity chromatography with PC-Sepharose and selective elution with free PC or EDTA; (b) electron microscopy of FP indicated a pentameric structure similar in size and appearance to other pentraxins; (c) the parent molecule of FP (150,000 mol wt) was composed of five noncovalantly assembled subunits of 30,000 mol wt; and (d) the amino acid analysis and terminal NH2 sequence of FP clearly showed homology with SAP-CRP. Although FP evolved from an ancestral gene common to SAP and CRP, and shares functional, morphological and structural properties with these acute-phase proteins, the biological homology of FP appears quite diverse as this protein is a prominent serum constituent (1-2 mg/ml) of normal female hamsters and under hormonal control (testosterone suppression) in males.
The Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sam U. Ho
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This 253-page book contributed to by 33 authors is packed with information. It is the product of a workshop sponsored by the Department of Neurology, Boston University. At times, clear-cut neurological symptoms and signs disseminated in time and space may not be available to the clinician for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The recent advances in medical technology provide help in these vague cases. The authors give a timely review of electrophysiological tests, cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis and analysis, computer tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The chapters on clinical neurology, neuropsychology, neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-urology provide insight and explanation of some of the unusual symptoms and signs presented by multiple sclerosis. The incorporation of these laboratory procedures and clinical data necessitates the revision of the existing diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis. The proposed new diagnostic guidelines are succinct and easy to apply. I predict the guidelines will be widely used in the
Selenomethionine Se 75 Scanning
Authors: Walter DiGiulio
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Toole and Witcofski (<b>198</b>:1219, 1966) reported visualizing a thymoma by photoscanning 24 and 48 hours following injection of selenomethionine Se 75. During the past three years we have performed such photoscans in more than 30 patients with proved primary hyperparathyroidism, and noted uptake in the mediastinum ( Figure). None of these patients had a thymoma, yet the scan was often indistinguishable from the authors' scan of a patient with thymoma. We have reported the high uptake of<sup>75</sup>Se over the mediastinum and suggested that it may be caused by selenomethionine Se 75 localized in bone marrow (<i>J Nucl Med</i><b>5</b>:417, 1964 ). Since there is a relatively large pool of blood containing<sup>75</sup>Se labeled plasma proteins under this area, the scanner probably detects the blood pool as well. We urge that caution be exercised in interpreting selenomethionine Se 75 scans of the upper chest area.
Anger and Hostility in Cardiovascular and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The list of contributors to this book reads like a<i>Who's Who</i>of researchers on anger and hostility. As a result, the editors have been able to compile the most recent and substantial information on the study of anger and hostility and how these factors influence cardiovascular and behavioral disorders. One of the nice features of this book is that anyone who is interested in these subjects won't have to do a literature search and sift through hundreds of articles to find relevant information on this field of study, because the authors of the various chapters do an exceedingly fine job of reviewing the literature. The first section of the book contains four chapters seeking a consensus on how best to conceive of anger, hostility, and aggression and objectively measure these phenomena. The second section contains six chapters that succeed in demonstrating how anger, hostility, and aggressiveness are related to
Primary care trusts provide poor information for practice based commissioning
Authors: Robert Short
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>This study found no detectable <sup>18</sup>F-MISO signal in fibrotic lung despite some histological expression of hypoxic markers, and concludes that in these IPF patients, the degree of hypoxia is too low to be detectable with <sup>18</sup>F-MISO-PET/CT</b>https://bit.ly/3wLJwja
SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY IN THE NHANES-III
Authors: Tushar A. Tuliani, Abhishek Deshmukh, Maithili Shenoy, Kaustubh Dabhadkar, Sadip Pant, Apurva Badheka, Diane Levine, Luis Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
LEUKOCYTE GROUPING. A METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION*
Authors: J. J. Van Rood, A. Van Leeuwen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

This study describes the development of a method for the recognition
and definition of leucocyte group Four. The method can also be
applied to the detection of other leucocyte groups. Essential factors
in the method were:
a) the use of leucocyte agglutinins formed during pregnancy;
b) an insight into the shortcomings of the agglutination test;
c) the use of statistical methods to overcome these shortcomings; and
d) the use of a panel consisting of the leucocytes of the women who
had formed the agglutinins, and of those of their husbands. 
	

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	 

	This study describes the development of a method for the recognition

	and definition of leucocyte group Four. The method can also be

	applied to the detection of other leucocyte groups. Essential factors

	in the method were:

	a) the use of leucocyte agglutinins formed during pregnancy;

	b) an insight into the shortcomings of the agglutination test;

	c) the use of statistical methods to overcome these shortcomings; and

	d) the use of a panel consisting of the leucocytes of the women who

	had formed the agglutinins, and of those of their husbands.
South Africa is to publish complaints about drug marketing
Authors: Liza Gibson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Eight bodies that represent the drug industry in South Africa are developing a new code of marketing that will, for the first time in the country, result in complaints about inappropriate promotional and advertising activities of drug companies (or other drug marketers) being published.

The new code, currently in draft form, is expected to be published for consultation by the end of March,after agreement is reached with …