tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mucin in gall bladder bile of gall stone patients: influence of treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid.
Authors: S Sahlin, A Danielsson, B Angelin, E Reihner, R Henriksson, K Einarsson
Journal: Gut (1988)

The concentration of hexosamine, a marker for mucin, was determined and related to the degree of cholesterol saturation and to the occurrence of cholesterol crystals in gall bladder bile of gall stone patients (n = 40) and gall stone free subjects (n = 25). Ten of the gall stone patients had been treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and eight with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) three to four weeks before cholecystectomy. The hexosamine content was significantly higher in gall stone patients (137 (19) ng/ml, mean (SE) than in gall stone free subjects (83 (9) ng/ml, p less than 0.02). Treatment with CDCA or UDCA decreased cholesterol saturation, but did not significantly affect the hexosamine concentration. There was no difference in hexosamine concentration between gall stone patients with and without cholesterol crystals. The results do not support the hypothesis that the degree of cholesterol saturation is important for the mucin content of gall bladder bile in man. Neither do the data indicate that the formation and occurrence of cholesterol crystals in gall bladder bile from gall stone patients is caused by an increased concentration of mucin. As the studies were conducted on patients who had already had gall stones for several years, however, an effect of mucin in the very early stage of gall stone formation cannot be completely excluded.
DIAGNOSTIC EFFICIENCY OF HYBRID IFR-FFR DECISION-MAKING STRATEGY COMPARED WITH FFR-ONLY STRATEGY
Authors: Yuetsu Kikuta, Junichi Matsuda, Hideo Takebayashi, Shigeki Hiramatsu, Kenji Goto, Masahito Taniguchi, Arata Hagikura, Yoshimasa Morimoto, Hiroki Yamane, Manabu Taniguchi, Seiichi Haruta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 2040: Identification of microRNAs associated with tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Lai-yee Lau, Kelvin Yuen-kwong Chan, Ui-Soon Khoo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tamoxifen is the most commonly used endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients. As an estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen competes for binding with estrogen receptor, thereby inhibiting estrogen-dependent gene transcription and tumor growth. However, some breast tumors become estrogen-independent and ultimately develop resistance to the treatment. The mechanisms underlying this transition in the control of cell proliferation remain unclear. Recent work has shown that aberrant expression of microRNAs has been frequently detected in breast cancer and some of which are associated with breast cancer metastasis, poor prognosis, suggesting an important role of microRNAs in breast cancer development and progression. Certain microRNAs negatively regulate AIB1/ACTR, ERα, HER2 and HER3 and deregulation of these genes are well documented to modulate the resistance to tamoxifen in breast cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that deregulated microRNAs might confer the aberrant expression of their target genes and the development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. To identify microRNAs that might confer resistance to tamoxifen in breast cancer, we examined expression profiles of more than 600 microRNAs in a pair of tamoxifen-sensitive ZR75 and -resistant AK47 breast cancer cell lines using TaqMan Low Density Array (Applied Biosystems). Sixty-five microRNAs were identified substantially downmodulated in the tamoxifen-resistant cell line while 44 microRNAs were found to be upregulated. Consistent with others’ previous findings, our profiling results indicated that miR-221 and miR-222 were overexpressed in the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Of the differentially expressed microRNAs, miR-449a and miR-449b were significantly downregulated in the resistant AK47 cells. miR-449a/b expression was also examined in 60 frozen breast tumors by TaqMan Individual MicroRNA Assay (Applied Biosystems). The expression of miR-449a/b was inversely correlated with tumor grade (miR-449a: OR=0.11, 95%CI=0.03-0.38, p&amp;lt;0.001; miR-449b: OR=0.23, 95%CI=0.07-0.70, p=0.008) and strongly associated with estrogen receptor status of the tumor (miR-449a: OR=5.57, 95%CI=1.67-18.55, p=0.003; miR-449b: OR=5.0, 95%CI=1.51-16.56, p=0.006). Our results suggest that miR-449a/b may influence tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Further functional studies are being performed to investigate the regulatory roles of the microRNAs in the development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2040.
"Meta-fuel" Poisoning
Authors: D. R. Lewis, G. A. Madel, J. Drury
Journal: BMJ (1939)

Many cases of poisoning by "meta " tablets have been recorded in Continental literature.In Britain the first case of such poisoning was recorded by Willcox and Mitchell (1927), and later another by Miller (1928).Their patients made a complete recovery.On the Continent a few deaths from meta-poisoning have occurred.On account of the fatal issue in our case, and the opportunity of making a post-mortem examination, we felt it our duty to publish these notes.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Following Fallout Radiation Exposure
Authors: Robert A. Conard
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ACUTE myelogenous leukemia developed in a 19-year-old Marshallese man who had been exposed to radioactive fallout at 1 year of age. He was one of 64 people on Rongelap Island accidentally exposed in 1954 following the testing of an atomic device on Bikini atoll 100 miles away. The acute effects of exposure on this population were hematological depression from total body exposure to gamma radiation of 175 rads and beta-ray burns and epilation from deposit of fallout on the skin. There were no deaths, and recovery occurred within a year. Internal absorption of radionuclides from inhalation and consumption of contaminated food and water produced no acute effects, but absorption of radioactive iodine resulted in later development of thyroid lesions in one third of the population; three of these lesions were malignant. The highest incidence was in children exposed at less than 10 years of age, some of whom had growth
The Concept of "Masquerading" Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: PAUL N. UNGER, MILTON E. LESSER, VICTOR H. KUGEL, MAURICE LEV
Journal: Circulation (1958)

This is a clinicopathologic study of 2 patients who electrocardiographically presented so called "masquerading" bundle-branch block. The conduction systems and the entire hearts of these patients were studied pathologically by methods especially devised by Lev for electrocardiographic correlation. This report is part of a long-term project attempting to ascertain the anatomic substrate of electrocardiographic abnormalities.
Spheroid Culture of Primary Lung Cancer Cells with Neuregulin 1/HER3 Pathway Activation
Authors: Hiroko Endo, Jiro Okami, Hiroaki Okuyama, Toru Kumagai, Junji Uchida, Jumpei Kondo, Tetsuo Takehara, Yasuko Nishizawa, Fumio Imamura, Masahiko Higashiyama, Masahiro Inoue
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Relativistic implications of a natural-language-based format for thought
Authors: Steve Henser
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

I will argue ( contra Carruthers) that accepting natural language as the format of many of our thoughts should entail accepting a version of Whorfian relativism and that, rather than something to be avoided, evidence from bilingual cognition suggests that incorporating this idea into future research would yield further insights into the cognitive functions of natural language.
NLRX1 Negatively Regulates TLR-Induced NF-κB Signaling by Targeting TRAF6 and IKK
Authors: Xiaojun Xia, Jun Cui, Helen Y. Wang, Liang Zhu, Satoko Matsueda, Qinfu Wang, Xiaoang Yang, Jun Hong, Zhou Songyang, Zhijian J. Chen, Rong-Fu Wang
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Inhibitory effects of repeated hyperoxia on breathing in newborn mice
Authors: F. Lofaso, S. Dauger, B. Matrot, G. Vardon, C. Gaultier, J. Gallego
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Brief oxygen therapy is commonly used for resuscitation at birth or prevention of hypoxaemia before procedures during the neonatal period. However, O 2 may severely depress breathing, especially when administered repeatedly. The aim of the present study was to test the effects of repeated hyperoxia on breathing control in newborn mice. A total of 97 Swiss mouse pups were assigned to O 2 or air on post-natal day 0, 1 or 2. Each pup in the O 2 group was subjected to four hyperoxic tests (100% O 2 for 3 min followed by 12 min normoxia), whereas pups in the air group were maintained in normoxia. Breathing variables were measured using flow-through barometric plethysmography. O 2 significantly decreased minute ventilation as seen in a decrease in respiratory rate. This decrease became significantly larger with repeated exposure and ranged -17– -26% for all ages combined. Furthermore, hyperoxia increased total apnoea duration, as compared with the baseline value. In newborn mice, repeated hyperoxia increasingly depressed breathing. This finding further supports a need for stringent control of oxygen therapy, most notably repeated oxygen administration in the neonatal period for premature newborn infants and those carried to term.
Acute Effects of Toborinone on Vascular Capacitance and Conductance in Experimental Heart Failure
Authors: Lisa M. Semeniuk, Israel Belenkie, John V. Tyberg
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Toborinone (OPC-18790), a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, enhances cardiac contractility and is an arterial dilator. However, its effects on the venous system have not yet been clearly defined. Because toborinone administration reduces left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, it is probably also a venodilator. Because of the known arterial effects and the hypothesized venous effects, we compared changes in systemic vascular conductance (the inverse of resistance) with changes in venous capacitance. Methods and Results —In 15 anesthetized, splenectomized dogs (10 treatment, 5 control), pressures were measured in the right atrium, aorta, portal vein, and LV. A cuff constrictor was placed around the portal vein. Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution, and splanchnic vascular capacitance was measured by blood-pool scintigraphic methods. Data were collected at baseline, after induction of heart failure (microsphere embolization into the left coronary artery), and then after toborinone boluses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg. Heart failure was associated with decreased capacitance and conductance (to 87±3% and 64±4% of baseline values, respectively, P &lt;0.05). After administration of the lower doses of toborinone, capacitance increased more than conductance; however, the effects were more balanced at the higher doses. Compared with nitroglycerin, hydralazine, and enalaprilat (results of an earlier study) in the same model, toborinone increased capacitance to a degree similar to that with nitroglycerin, at higher doses increased conductance similarly to hydralazine, and increased both capacitance and conductance considerably more than did enalaprilat. Conclusions —Toborinone is a potent balanced venous and arterial dilator in experimental acute heart failure. These marked effects suggest that it may prove to be a clinically important alternative to other vasodilators.
Cisplatin, Vinblastine, and Bleomycin in Advanced and Recurrent Ovarian Germ-Cell Tumors
Authors: S D Williams, J A Blessing, D H Moore, H D Homesley, L Adcock
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

To evaluate the efficacy of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian germ-cell tumors.Nonrandom prospective trial with endpoints of tumor response, results of repeat surgical exploration, progression-free interval, and survival.Cooperative university-based cancer study comprising 27 participating institutions.Ninety-seven patients were treated and all were evaluable. Of these, 8 had dysgerminoma and 89 had other cell types.Patients received 3 to 4 courses of cisplatin. vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB). After chemotherapy, suitable patients had re-staging laparotomy. Maintenance vinblastine therapy was originally given but was discontinued for all patients in 1981. Patients with persistent or recurrent disease were treated with vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) or etoposide plus cisplatin (EP).Of 35 patients with tumors other than dysgerminoma who had clinically measurable disease, 15 (43%; CI, 26% to 61%) had complete responses. Forty of fifty-six second-look laparotomies (71%; CI, 58% to 83%) revealed no tumor or mature teratoma. Forty-seven patients are still disease-free and 59 are alive. The survival rate is 71% (CI, 62% to 89%) and the disease-free rate is 51% (CI, 41% to 62%) at 2 years. Eight patients had durable remissions with second- or third-line therapy. Seven of eight patients with dysgerminoma are also disease-free.Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is effective for patients with ovarian germ-cell tumors, is superior to previous regimens, and will cure a substantial number of patients.
Serum Macroglobulin (S<sub>19</sub>) in Families of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia
Authors: JAMES R. STABENAU, WILLIAM POLLIN, LOREN MOSHER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The authors studied 16 pairs of monozygotic twins—12 pairs of twins discordant for schizophrenia and four pairs of nonschizophrenic control twins—and their parents to determine the relationship between serum macroglobulin level and schizophrenia. They found no significant relation between the two factors. Evidence from these and other data suggests that serum macroglobulin levels are more influenced by factors based on sex and genetic makeup than by environment.
On White Coats and Other Matters
Authors: Joseph P. Kriss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

I recently gave a lecture-demonstration to a class of medical students taking clinical physiology (a preclinical course). I wished to present two patients with Graves's disease: in anticipation of the session I requested that white coats be worn by the students. When the class hour had ended, I received, from one of the students, a note that not only graded my performance but included the following comment: "I would like to see the evidence that wearing of white coats by students is of any benefit to patients — isn't your request more to satisfy your own ego?"The following is . . .
WHO launches list of nine solutions to improve patients' safety
Authors: Kaushal Pandey
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The World Health Organization has developed nine “patient safety solutions” to help reduce harm during medical care. The solutions are based on interventions that have been found to improve patients' safety around the world.

Healthcare errors affect one in every 10 patients worldwide. WHO estimates that at any point in time more than 1.4 million people around the world have a hospital acquired infection and says that many of these infections can be prevented by good hand hygiene.

“Compared with other high risk industries, such as the …
Abstract LB-294: Development and characterization of novel orally available hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling inhibitors as dual-mechanism cancer therapeutics
Authors: Christoph Schultes, Jorge Alonso, Arantxa Encinas-Lopez, Blanka Leber, Marcel Mülbaier, Sabine Wawro, Bernd Janssen, Joe Lewis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The HIF signaling pathway is a crucial way in which tumors can circumvent the constraints of regions of low oxygen (hypoxia) to induce angiogenesis and maintain proliferation. The oxygen regulated subunit of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), HIF1αlpha, is a positive factor in tumor growth and its expression has been correlated with poor patient prognosis in a number of settings. We here present in vitro and in vivo data for a novel series of orally available small-molecule HIF signaling modulators that show nanomolar inhibition of the HIF signaling pathway in addition to potent anti-proliferative activity against a large number of cell lines derived from solid and blood tumors (EC50 in the range 1-100nM). Phenotypically, the compounds elicit an initial G2/M arrest, followed by the induction of caspase-3/7 and the onset of apoptosis. The in vitro results also translate into in vivo animal models. The lead compounds from the series show efficacy in tumor xenograft mouse models, with dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition of 60-70% after oral dosing (MDA-MB-231 xenograft). Structural optimisation has additionally allowed us to improve the PK and physicochemical characteristics of the compounds, with a lead candidate currently in formal pre-clinical development with the aim of entering a Phase 1 clinical trial in multiple myeloma at the end of 2010. In conclusion, we believe that the development towards clinical Proof-of-Concept of this new class of dual-mechanism inhibitors of HIF signaling and cell proliferation presents a promising new option for cancer therapeutics. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-294.
The Preparation of the Specialist.
Authors: J. R. Guthrie
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Iowa City, Iowa, Sept. 5, 1907.  To the Editor:  —I have read with interest the note of Dr. Frank inThe Journal, Aug. 31, 1907, referring especially to Dr. Shambaugh's article on  Preparation of the Specialist. Both the articles furnish much food for thought and I believe that it would be well if our higher educational institutions would take cognizance of the sentiments expressed. Dr. Frank says: Where is the university which offers courses toward the Ph.D. degree for investigations in internal medicine, in diseases of the eye, ear, nose or throat, or diseases of the nervous system, or even pathology? The graduate college of the University of Iowa recognizes that the work done in various department of the College of Medicine is of such a character as to warrant the college offering courses leading to the degrees of M.S. and Ph.D. Since 1900 various departments of the medical
Microbial transformation of lovastatin by Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Lirui Qiao, Dan Xie, Quan Liu, Jianhua Zou, Zhufang Shen, Jungui Dai
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Microbial transformation of lovastatin (1) by resting cells of a filamentous fungus, Beauveria bassiana AS 3.4270, yielded five metabolites (2–6), which were unambiguously characterized by various spectroscopic data analyses. The occurred reactions included hydroxylation, lactone hydrolysis and methylation. The inhibitory effects of all metabolites on the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase were evaluated. Of the five compounds, 4 exhibited comparable inhibitory effect to lovastatin on the HMG-CoA reductase with IC50 value of 2.2 μM, and inhibitory rate of 81.4%.
Three Cases of Torsion of the Testis
Authors: J. P. Blandy
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Three Cases of Torsion of the Testis Torsion of the testis is uncommon, and when it has a gradual onset it can easily be mistaken for acute epididymitis.Three new cases are recorded which emphasize the difficulties in early diagnosis described in full by Kennedy (1948) and Walton (1952).CASE 1A private soldier aged 19 woke with pain and swelling in the left testicle.Four and a half hours later he was referred for admission as a case of acute epididymitis.On examination he was afebrile and not in severe pain.The left side of the scrotum was swollen, red, oedematous, tender, and faintly ecchymosed round its neck.The skin was not REcERENCES
A CASE OF AEROGENES CAPSULATUS INFECTION OF THE NECK.
Authors: LOUIS LEROY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The case which I have to report is one of some interest from the rather infrequent occurrence and from the fact that the<i>Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus</i>was obtained from the wound six days before death. W. F.—Age 23, black, male, single, laborer, muscular and vigorous; family history negative. Entered hospital January 27, died Feb. 4, 1903. Gave history of having had a "sore throat," with considerable swelling of left side of the neck in the region of the tonsil. The symptoms referable to the throat lessened, but the external conditions became worse, developing considerable swelling and pain. His physician, seeing him for the first time at night, made the diagnosis of erysipelas. Later the diagnosis at the hospital was made of suppurative cellulitis of face and neck. At this time his pulse was 128, respiration 30, temperature 102. An incision was made, from which a small amount of dark fluid
Electrocardiographic Changes in Accidental Hypothermia
Authors: William A. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1965)

UNIQUE CHANGES in the electrocardiogram induced by hypothermia have been of interest in recent years. Prior to 1958, only an occasional case of accidental freezing with an ECG taken during hypothermia had been reported. Tomaszewski, cited by Emslie-Smith et al,<sup>1</sup>published the first case in 1938, describing an accidentally frozen patient whose ECG showed a slowly inscribed deflection between the QRS complex and the early part of the ST segment. Only eight additional cases had been reported by 1958 when Emslie-Smith described accidental hypothermia and associated electrocardiographic changes in eight elderly patients in Great Britain.<sup>2</sup>The ECGs showed a pattern pathognomonic of hypothermia in seven of these eight cases. Since that report by Emslie-Smith, at least 35 subsequent cases of accidental hypothermia have been reported, and all but one of these from Great Britain.<sup>3-6</sup>Most of these revealed characteristic electrocardiographic changes. Reports of such cases in the
Progestogens and cardiovascular reactions.
Authors: D F Hawkins, M G Elder
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Our trial has shown (after 200 patients) a decrease in infarct size (approximately one- third) and a reduction in the numbers developing complete infarction in those patients given intravenous beta-blockers within 12 hours of the onset of pain.'The treated group needed less diuretics both in hospital and on discharge, suggesting clinical as well as biochemical and electrophysiological benefit.It is important, as Professor Rose points out, not to dismiss (with small trials) therapy which might reduce morbidity and perhaps mortality by, say, 20% as being clinically insignificant in this common condition.
ABC of brain stem death. Reappraising death.
Authors: C Pallis
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In view of the importance of and continuing interest in brain stem death and its criteria the "BMJ" has invited Dr Christopher Pallis to write (in a personal capacity) a series of articles on the subject.These nine articles are shortened versions of a fuller text that we willpublish in bookform at the beginning of nextyear.The articles concentrate on the more practical aspects of diagnosing brain stem death; the book explores the wider aspects, including some of the neurological controversies.