tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CURE OF PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY BY INTERNAL PRESSURE.
Authors: EVAN O'NEILL KANE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Some years ago I wrote an article for the<i>Medical Times</i>of Philadelphia, in which I set forth the superior advantages of internal pressure absorption, as a treatment for senile hypertrophy of the prostate gland with its attendant evils, over the usual forms of palliative and operative procedure. I then gave the credit of this mode of cure, as I do now, to the originator of the operation, the late Dr. S. D. Freeman. The details of the procedure being, perhaps, not sufficiently entered into, my article was received without comment, and, so far as I am aware, it has not led any one to perform the operation. The radical and, it would seem to me, the over-heroic course advocated by Dr. White of the Pennsylvania University, in removing the testicles in order to bring about an atrophy of the gland, if it be a satisfactory cure, entails too great
New Insights into Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Michael C. Sneller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) is a heterogenous immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections, and various immunologic abnormalities. In addition to recurrent infections, patients with this syndrome also have an increased incidence of autoimmune disease and malignancy. Because the spectrum of associated diseases is broad, patients with CVI are seen by various medical specialists. This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of CVI.
False-Positive Findings on F-18 Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography in a Patient With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Extensive Sinusitis
Authors: Sheng-Chieh Chan, Shu-Hang Ng, Yen Tzu-Chen, Joseph Tung-Chieh Chang, Tsung-Ming Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning has been used to evaluate nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, with positive FDG uptake in the contiguous paranasal sinus, it may be difficult to differentiate tumor invasion from an inflammatory process. We describe such a patient with NPC in whom an FDG PET scan revealed intense FDG uptake in and above the nasopharynx, suggesting tumor invasion in the sphenoethmoid sinuses. After fusion PET/CT imaging, sphenoethmoid sinusitis rather than tumor invasion was noted. This patient achieved complete remission after current chemoradiotherapy
Bone: from a reservoir of minerals to a regulator of energy metabolism
Authors: Cyrille B. Confavreux
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

Besides locomotion, organ protection, and calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, the three classical functions of the skeleton, bone remodeling affects energy metabolism through uncarboxylated osteocalcin, a recently discovered hormone secreted by osteoblasts. This review traces how energy metabolism affects osteoblasts through the central control of bone mass involving leptin, serotoninergic neurons, the hypothalamus, and the sympathetic nervous system. Next, the role of osteocalcin (insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and pancreas β-cell proliferation) in the regulation of energy metabolism is described. Then, the connections between insulin signaling on osteoblasts and the release of uncarboxylated osteocalcin during osteoclast bone resorption through osteoprotegerin are reported. Finally, the understanding of this new bone endocrinology will provide some insights into bone, kidney, and energy metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease.
The Houston Citywide Policy on Medical Futility
Authors: Susan M. Bauman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The multi-institution collaborative policy on medical utility developed by the Houston Bioethics Network1is an impressive achievement given the controversy surrounding this subject. The Medical Society of New Jersey, which represents approximately 9500 physicians, has, through its biomedical ethics committee, been struggling over the past 2 years with this same issue and will soon publish a model policy and procedure for New Jersey physicians and hospitals to use as a guideline.2  Remarkable similarities exist between the 2 policies. Just as our Houston colleagues decided that process is more important than a stringent definition of futility, so too we emphasize communication, negotiation, second opinions, ancillary support persons, and ethics committee review. We believe that futility decisions must result from a shared decisionmaking process between the physician and the patient or the patient's surrogate wherein the physician supplies the objective data about the effectiveness of the proposed
Science Ponders Whether HIV Acts Alone or Has Another Microbe's Aid
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

DEBATE has been rekindled over whether the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) itself grows virulent enough in the body to cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and kill its host, or whether it has some help from another microbe. In San Francisco, at the Sixth International Conference on AIDS, Jay A. Levy, MD, presented new data on increasing virulence. Levy is professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and discoverer—shortly after the Pasteur Institute's Luc Montagnier, MD, and the National Cancer Institute's Robert Gallo, MD—of the similar organism he named "AIDS-related virus." Levy and colleagues have found viral genetic changes that may help explain why HIV-positive people progress to AIDS. Their discoveries may also offer a new target for therapy. "Recognizing the diversity of HIV strains," Levy says, "the surprising observation was made that an HIV strain obtained from an individual with nonsymptomatic infection was different from the
The mechanisms of surface chemistry effects of mesoporous silicon nanoparticles on immunotoxicity and biocompatibility
Authors: Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Mehrdad Hamidi, Ermei M. Mäkilä, Hongbo Zhang, Patrick V. Almeida, Martti Kaasalainen, Jarno J. Salonen, Jouni T. Hirvonen, Hélder A. Santos
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
FDG-PET as a Potential Tool for Selecting Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Who May Be Spared Maintenance Therapy after First-Line Chemotherapy
Authors: Dok Hyun Yoon, Sora Baek, Chang-Min Choi, Dae Ho Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Jin-Sook Ryu, Dae Hyuk Moon, Jung Shin Lee, Sang-We Kim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate whether 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) may be a potential tool to select a subgroup of patients who might be spared maintenance treatment, if the metabolic response after first-line chemotherapy could predict time-to-progression (TTP). Experimental Design: A total of 43 patients who underwent baseline FDG-PET scan and did not show disease progression (DP) after 4 cycles of first-line chemotherapy were enrolled and underwent second FDG-PET 3 weeks after completion of the first-line chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was to compare percent decrease in maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) between early (TTP after second PET examination &amp;lt;8 weeks) and late (TTP ≥8 weeks) DP subgroups. Secondary endpoints were to determine whether fractional decrease in SUVmax could predict TTP and overall survival (OS), both calculated from the date of the second FDG-PET. Results: Percent decreases in SUVmax in late DP subgroup were greater than those in early DP subgroup (mean reduction, 54.7% ± 27.2% vs. 27.8% ± 46.8%, P = 0.021). Receiver operating characteristic curves identified a 50.0% decrease in SUVmax as the optimal threshold to distinguish these subgroups. Using this value as the cutoff resulted in a positive predictive value of 82.6% and negative predictive value of 60.0% in predicting TTP ≥8 weeks. Patients with SUVmax decrease &amp;lt;50% had significantly longer median TTP (3.0 vs. 1.5 months, P = 0.001) and OS (not reached vs. 14.2 months, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Fractional decrease in SUVmax of the main lesion after completion of 4 cycles of chemotherapy may discriminate patients with TTP ≥8 weeks and predict TTP and OS in patients with advanced NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(15); 5093–100. ©2011 AACR.
Left Hepatic and Common Hepatic Ductal Bile Leaks Demonstrated by Tc-99m HIDA Scan and Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiogram
Authors: REBECCA STEIN WEXLER, GARY S. GREENE, MARK SCOTT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Cholescintigraphy provides a sensitive means of diagnosing biliary leaks in the posttraumatic or postsurgical patient. After cholecystectomy, leaks are usually demonstrated in the gallbladder fossa or secondary to iatrogenic disruption of the common bile duct. The authors present a case of postcholecystectomy bile leak presumably secondary to rupture of an iatrogenically obstructed biliary system, with a relatively distal leak occurring at the junction of the left hepatic and common hepatic ducts (as well as another more proximal leak). Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram provides exact anatomic correlation.
Alcohol Benefit for The Geriatric Patient
Authors: Sidney R. Nussenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Readers of your recent editorial on a possible alcohol benefit to geriatric patients (226:779, 1973) or of the recent abstract on a possible protective effect of alcohol on a myocardial infarction ( Circulation 48 [suppl 4]:94, 1973) may be interested in the following data from the Miami Sudden Cardiac Death Study.  In a series of 118 consecutive casesof sudden cardiac death, retrospective interviews identified 40 patients as substantial or heavy alcohol users and 78 patients as drinking little or no alcoholic beverages regularly. In all 118, autopsies were performed under identical protocol by the Chief Medical Examiner for Dade County, Fla, or by deputies under his supervision. The two groups (users and nonusers) were then compared for the presence of chronic coronary artery stenosis (Table 1) and for the presence of acute heart vessel or muscle damage (Table 2).  Although the numbers in each cell are not
NHS IT requires the wisdom of the crowd not the marketplace
Authors: S. Bewley, H. Perry, R. Fawdry, G. Cumming
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In his recent upbeat article on IT in the NHS, Cross reverses some of the recent press nihilism.1 Why then did the recent Department of Health (DH) IT consultation only garner responses from seven clinicians and 21 health professionals?2 Are they disillusioned because of past failures to involve frontline clinical staff? Arguably, those failures to harness their expertise might explain the NHS England IT fiasco.

Cross draws attention to an …
Tolerogenic signals delivered by dendritic cells to T cells through a galectin-1-driven immunoregulatory circuit involving interleukin 27 and interleukin 10
Authors: Juan M Ilarregui, Diego O Croci, Germán A Bianco, Marta A Toscano, Mariana Salatino, Mónica E Vermeulen, Jorge R Geffner, Gabriel A Rabinovich
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
The Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient Is Superior to the Exudate-Transudate Concept in the Differential Diagnosis of Ascites
Authors: Bruce A. Runyon, Agnes A. Montano, Evangelos A. Akriviadis, Mainor R. Antillon, Michelle A. Irving, John G. McHutchison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To compare the serum-ascites albumin gradient to the exudate-transudate concept in the classification of ascites.Prospective collection of ascitic fluid data from patients with well-characterized causes of ascites.Hepatology inpatient and outpatient ward and consult service of a large, urban hospital.A total of 901 paired serum and ascitic fluid samples were collected from consecutive patients with all forms of ascites.None.The utility of the serum-ascites albumin gradient and the old exudate-transudate concept (as defined by ascitic fluid total protein concentration [AFTP]) were compared for their ability in discriminating the cause for ascites formation.The albumin gradient correctly differentiated causes of ascites due to portal hypertension from those that were not due to portal hypertension 96.7% of the time. The AFTP, when used as defined in the old exudate-transudate concept, classified the causes of ascites correctly only 55.6% of the time. This resulted in part because the AFTP of most spontaneously infected samples (traditionally expected to be exudates) was low, and the AFTP of most cardiac ascites samples (traditionally expected to be transudates) was high.The exudate-transudate concept should be discarded in the classification of ascites. The serum-ascites albumin gradient is far more useful than the AFTP as a marker for portal hypertension, but the latter remains a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of ascites.
Activation or anergy: NKT cells are stunned by -galactosylceramide
Authors: B. A. Sullivan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are T lymphocytes that behave similarly to cells of the innate immune system. The glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a potent and specific activator of mouse and human iNKT cells and has been used in cancer clinical trials to drive NKT cell–mediated immune responses. However, little is known about the dynamics of the iNKT cell response to α-GalCer in vivo. In this issue of the JCI, Parekh and colleagues demonstrate that administration of α-GalCer causes iNKT cells to become unresponsive, for at least 1 month, in mice. This leads us to ask, should sequential administration of α-GalCer still be used to activate iNKT cells given the anergic state it has been shown here to induce? This intriguing article raises the issue of the avoidance of anergy induction in the design of treatment regimens that use α-GalCer as a specific activator of iNKT cells.
Age of exposure to infections and risk of childhood leukaemia.
Authors: E Petridou, D Kassimos, M Kalmanti, H Kosmidis, S Haidas, V Flytzani, D Tong, D Trichopoulos
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Between January and August 1992 in Greece, researchers conducted telephone interviews with parents of children with leukemia (136 cases, most in Attica [Athens and its environs] and the others on the island of Crete) and with parents of children not afflicted with leukemia (187 controls) to determine whether childhood leukemia may be a result of a subclinical infection at an earlier age. They controlled for place of residence when they conducted the multiple logistic regression analyses. They used attendance at a day care facility as a proxy for earlier infection because children come in close contact with each other at day cares, thereby exposing them to many infectious agents. Children who attended a day care had a lower relative risk of developing leukemia than those who did not attend day care (.67), but attendance did not have a significant protective effect. It did appear to have a significant protective effect for children who attended day care during infancy (for at least 3 months during the first 2 years of life), however, (relative risk = .28; p = .03). Significance remained even when the researchers considered different operational definitions of early attendance. Exposure to magnetic fields appeared to have a protective effect also against the development of childhood leukemia, but this effect did not reach significance (p = .07). The relative risk for 100 m from an electricity substation was 0.35. There was a slight, but insignificant increase in the relative risk for children living close to power lines, however (1.19 for 5 m; p = .63). Significant risk factors included young age at diagnosis and mothers with less than high school education.
Primum Non Nocere: Active Surveillance for Clinical Stage I Testicular Cancer
Authors: David J. Vaughn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.58.2247 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print October 20, 2014 PMID: 25332248 Primum Non Nocere: Active Surveillance for Clinical Stage I Testicular Cancer David J. VaughnxDavid J. VaughnSearch for articles by this author Show More Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.58.2247 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Oleic Acid–Induced Mitogenic Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Gang Lu, Thomas A. Morinelli, Kathryn E. Meier, Steven A. Rosenzweig, Brent M. Egan
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

As an initial step in testing the hypothesis that high oleic acid concentrations contribute to vascular remodeling in obese hypertensive patients by activating protein kinase C (PKC), the effects of oleic acid on primary cultures of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) were studied. Oleic acid, an 18-carbon cis -monounsaturated fatty acid (18:1 [ cis ]), from 25 to 200 μmol/L significantly increased [ 3 H]thymidine uptake in RASMCs with an EC 50 of 41.0 μmol/L and a maximal response of 196±15% of control ( P &lt;.01). Oleic acid from 25 to 200 μmol/L caused a concentration-dependent increase in the number of RASMCs in culture at 6 days, reaching a maximum of 210±13% of control at 100 μmol/L ( P &lt;.001). PKC inhibition with 4 μmol/L bisindolylmaleimide I and PKC depletion (α, μ, ι, and ζ) with 24-hour exposure to 200 nmol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in RASMCs eliminated the mitogenic effects of oleic acid but did not reduce responses to 10% FBS. Stimulation of intact cells with oleic acid induced a peak increase of cytosolic PKC activity, reaching 328±8% of control ( P &lt;.001), but did not enhance PKC activity in the membrane fraction (105±4%, P =NS). The oleic acid–induced increase of PKC activity in cell lysates was similar in the presence and absence of Ca 2+ , phosphatidylserine, and diolein (maximum response, 360±4% versus 342±9% of control, P =NS). Unlike phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, oleic acid over 24 hours did not downregulate any of the four PKC isoforms detected in RASMCs. Oleic acid treatment activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. PKC depletion in RASMCs eliminated the rise in thymidine uptake, activation of PKC, and activation of MAP kinase in response to oleic acid. In contrast to oleic acid, 50 to 200 μmol/L stearic (18:0) and elaidic (18:1 [ trans ]) acids, which are less effective activators of PKC than oleic acid, did not enhance thymidine uptake. These data suggest that oleic acid induces proliferation of RASMCs by activating PKC, particularly one or more of the Ca 2+ -independent isoforms, and raise the possibility that the higher oleic acid concentrations observed in obese hypertensive patients may contribute to vascular remodeling.
How my teaching about the management of stroke would change after my own.
Authors: T H Howell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

On 28 April 1983 I had a cerebrovascular accident. My left arm became useless ; the left side of my mouth felt strange and so did my tongue; swallowing was difficult and I tended to choke when I drank. For some time my arm felt a vibration, as if I had been lying on it for a long time. Fortunately my leg remained quite unaffected and I had no sensory abnormalities. For the first three days I had to live on semisolids. Solid food tended to accumulate in the corners of my mouth and under my tongue. After this the lips and tongue returned to normal, so that I could eat more normally in comfort. At the same time the movement came back to my shoulder. One odd clinical finding was that when I yawned the fingers of my left hand would move. After this, shoulder movements became fuller, elbow move? ments started to come back, and, eventually, wrist flexion and extension made their appearance. After two months, the fingers began to flex and extend, but the thumb and index finger recovered less than the others. For several weeks there was considerable oedema of the left hand, including the proximal part of the fingers. This was to produce some difficulties later. The clinical sequence of events described above produced a number of problems in daily living which had to be solved. Given that I had taught students about these for many years I began to think how my own experience would affect what I taught them. What follows is what I would now say.
MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES (A TUMEURS D'EMBLEE) AT 83 YEARS OF AGE.
Authors: W. Kenneth Wills
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1934)

Journal Article MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES (À TUMEURS D'EMBLÉE) AT 83 YEARS OF AGE. Get access W. Kenneth Wills, M.B., B.Ch.Cantab. W. Kenneth Wills, M.B., B.Ch.Cantab. Bristol. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 46, Issue 4, 1 April 1934, Pages 184–186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1934.tb10203.x Published: 01 April 1934
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cristina Varas-Lorenzo, Luis A. García-Rodríguez, Susanne Perez-Gutthann, Alberto Duque-Oliart
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Epidemiological studies suggest a decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in healthy women taking hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). Whether this effect is shared by oral and transdermal preparations is unknown. Methods and Results —We conducted a population-based case-control study nested in a cohort of women 50 to 74 years of age without cardiovascular disease history in the United Kingdom. Among 164 769 women from the General Practice Research Database (January 1, 1991, to December 31, 1995), we identified 1242 first acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and confirmed 1013 after medical record review. We randomly selected 5000 age-frequency–matched control subjects. AMI incidence was 1.6 per 1000 person-years; 13% and 17% of cases and control subjects used HRT within 6 months before the index date. Risk factor and comorbidity–adjusted OR of AMI for current-recent HRT users compared with nonusers was 0.72 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.89). The OR was similar within 30 days before the index date. The beneficial effect was present after 1 year of use (OR 0. 68; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.86), with no increase in risk within the first year. ORs for unopposed and opposed therapy were 0.52 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.78) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.08); 79% and 21% used oral and transdermal therapy. The protective effect was present at medium-high doses of estrogens with ORs for oral and transdermal therapy of 0.63 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.86) and 0.62 (95% CI 0.37 to 1.06) and ceased after 2 to 3 years since stopping HRT. Conclusions —Results are consistent with those previously reported in women without CHD who were taking oral HRT and, although based on few users, suggest that transdermal therapy might have similar cardioprotective effects.