tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> relationship between collagenase‐2 and interleukin‐8 but not tumour necrosis factor‐<i>α</i> in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Authors: K. Kostamo, T. Sorsa, M. Leino, T. Tervahartiala, H. Alenius, M. Richardson, E. Toskala
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: The characteristic feature of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is eosinophilic inflammation of the sinus mucosa; a type of inflammation also seen in asthmatic airways. Similar histopathologic findings of airway remodelling are present in both diseases. Remodelling is tightly controlled by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Increase of collagenase‐2 (MMP‐8) expression in the bronchial epithelial cells has been described in asthmatic patients, but it has not been studied in CRSwNP. Methods: The concentrations and degree of activation of MMP‐8 were analysed by immunofluorometric assay and Western blotting, respectively, in sinus mucus samples from CRSwNP patients and in nasal lavages from healthy controls in relation to inductive cytokines interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and tumour necrosis factor‐ α (TNF‐ α ). Results: Significantly elevated levels of MMP‐8 and IL‐8 but not TNF‐ α were found in CRSwNP patients relative to controls. In particular, the activation of mesenchymal‐type MMP‐8 but not polymorphonuclear‐type MMP‐8 was associated with elevated IL‐8 levels. Conclusions: The IL‐8 and MMP‐8 seemingly form an inductive cytokine‐proteinase cascade in CRSwNP pathogenesis. Together they provide a target for novel therapies and a diagnostic tool for monitoring CRSwNP treatment.
INCREASED ADMISSION GLUCOSE RELATES WITH INCREASED 5-YEAR MORTALITY IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS, IRRESPECTIVE OF THE INITIALLY APPLIED REPERFUSION STRATEGY
Authors: Maarten de Mulder, Jan Hein Cornel, Tjeerd van der Ploeg, Victor A. Umans, Eric Boersma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Failure of periodic ultraviolet radiation treatments to prevent sensitization to nitrogen mustard: a case report
Authors: FLOR A.VEGA, KENNETH M.HALPRIN, J.RICHARD TAYLOR, CLYDE WOODYARD, MARY COMERFORD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

We have reported that prior ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure significantly delayed development of contact sensitivity to nitrogen mustard (Halprin et al. 1981). We felt that this effect was due to disruption of functional Langerhans cells in skin by UVR and suggested that periodic UVR treatments might prevent sensitization to the mustard. We now report on a patient with mycosis fungoides whose epidermal Langerhans cell count was monitored with the ATP‐ase stain in order to determine when such ‘booster’ UVR therapy was to be given. Our attempts to interfere with Langerhans cell function in this manner failed to prevent delayed contact sensitivity to nitrogen mustard and may have been partly responsible for the development of contact urticaria to nitrogen mustard after 28 days of use. Whether the reaction was a delayed, cell‐mediated reaction, or an antibody mediated reaction is not clear, but the use of UVR did fail to prevent contact sensitivity to the nitrogen mustard in our patient.
EU seeks to define its role in global health strategies
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The European Union must take account of the views and values of low and medium income countries in any future strategies it might develop on global health, participants agreed at a recent meeting held at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. 

It must also learn lessons from the adverse effects on health of its existing policies, not least its trade policies, and acknowledge the limited effectiveness of making grand pledges, such as the 2004 Paris declaration on increasing …
Abstract LB-233: Identification of DNA palindromes in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Authors: Hui Yang, Natalia Volfovsky, Alison Rattray, Xiongfong Chen, Hisashi Tanaka, Strathern Jeffrey
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract DNA palindromes are implicated as a causative agent in cancer formation due to their association with genomic instability and DNA amplification. However, the unique properties of palindromes render them refractory to current methods of analyses including PCR amplification and cloning into bacterial vectors. Consequently, sequencing protocols that are dependent on PCR amplification fail on DNA palindromes. New tools are required for their discovery and characterization. Here we report our analysis of DNA palindromes from MCF-7, a widely used cell line model for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. We developed a new strategy to identify and clone palindrome junctions by high throughput sequence analysis of DNA isolated by the Genome-wide Analysis of Palindrome Formation technique. We identified 35 palindrome candidates from MCF-7 and have cloned and sequenced 4 of the centers of the palindromes. None of these identified palindromes are present in other published data sets, despite the fact that MCF-7 DNA has been extensively sequenced and breakpoints analyzed, confirming that conventional methods fail on DNA palindromes. Our results provide further support for a correlation between palindromes and gene amplification in cancer, and underscore the importance of developing new tools for identifying and characterizing palindromes. Citation Format: Hui Yang, Natalia Volfovsky, Alison Rattray, Xiongfong Chen, Hisashi Tanaka, Strathern Jeffrey. Identification of DNA palindromes in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-233. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-233
The<i>Lancet</i>and the Wakley Tradition
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN a recent issue of the Lancet Dr. W. H. McMenemey portrayed a remarkable character study of Thomas Wakley, the founder and first editor of that journal, who died a hundred years ago on May 16, 1862. Born in 1795 into the large family of a Devon farmer, he spent his early days in the open air and did not excel with his books but was known for his wit and love of sport. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to an apothecary, and seven years later he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons and . . .
Interferon gamma decreases hepatic stellate cell activation and extracellular matrix deposition in rat liver fibrosis
Authors: G S Baroni, L D’Ambrosio, P Curto, A Casini, R Mancini, A M Jezequel, A Benedetti
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) inhibits in vitro the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the primary extracellular matrix-producing cells in liver fibrosis. This study was undertaken to determine in vivo the effect of IFN-gamma in the rat model of liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), where HSC activation represents an early response to cell injury. Rats were killed after 1 or 3 weeks of treatment with DMN, IFN-gamma, DMN + IFN-gamma, or saline. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify proliferating (desmin-positive/bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells) and activated (alpha-smooth-muscle actin [alpha-SMA]-positive cells) HSCs. Collagen deposition was determined colorimetrically and by morphometry. The parenchymal extension of desmin- and actin-positive cells and of fibrotic tissue was measured by point-counting technique and expressed as a percentage of area. Western blot was used to determine laminin and fibronectin accumulation. The levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for procollagen type I, fibronectin, and laminin were evaluated by Northern blot. No differences were observed in rats treated with either saline or IFN-gamma alone. IFN-gamma reduced HSC activation induced by liver injury, as shown by the decreased number of proliferating HSC and the reduction of parenchymal area occupied by alpha-SMA-positive cells observed in DMN + IFN-gamma-treated animals compared with the DMN group. This was associated with reduced collagen, laminin, and fibronectin accumulation and lower levels of mRNA for procollagen type I, fibronectin, and laminin in the DMN + IFN-gamma group. Thus, this study indicates that IFN-gamma reduces extracellular matrix deposition in vivo by inhibition of HSC activation.
MODIFIED SHEEP-SHEARS USEFUL IN SURGERY
Authors: Edwin M. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The model photographed here was made up by an inexperienced man, who, being a blacksmith, used only hammer, anvil and file, but it serves the purpose. The advantages of these shears are that they are easily differentiated from other instruments on the table; can be used with the left hand as well as the right; they are always ready to cut, being open and not difficult to grasp. They are especially useful in cutting sutures, thin tissues and dissecting. If taken up by an experienced instrument maker and modified somewhat, I believe that this very simple instrument will prove itself valuable. 909 Avenue C.
Preventing HIV Infections
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Origin, Content, and Workload of E-mail Consultations
Authors: Stephen M. Borowitz
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Despite the common use of e-mail, little beyond anecdote or impressions has been published on patient-clinician e-mail consultation.To report our experiences with free-of-charge e-mail consultations.Retrospective review of all e-mail consultation requests received between November 1, 1995, and June 31, 1998.Consecutive e-mail consultation requests sent to the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology at the Children's Medical Center of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville.Number of consultation requests per month, time required to respond, who initiated the request and their geographic origin, and the kind of information requested in the consultation.During the 33-month period studied, we received 1239 requests, an average (SD) of 37.6 (15.9) each month. A total of 1001 consultation requests (81%) were initiated by parents, relatives, or guardians, 126 (10%) by physicians, and 112 (9%) by other health care professionals. Consultation requests were received from 39 states and 37 other countries. In 855 requests (69%), there was a specific question about the cause of a particular child's symptoms, diagnostic tests, and/or therapeutic interventions. In 112 (9%), the requester sought a second opinion about diagnosis or treatment for a particular child, and 272 consultations (22%) requested general information concerning a disorder, treatment, or medication without reference to a particular child. A total of 1078 requests (87%) were answered within 48 hours of the initial request. On average, reading and responding to each e-mail took slightly less than 4 minutes.E-mail provides a means for parents, guardians, and health care professionals to obtain patient and disease-specific information from selected medical consultants in a timely manner.
Crosstalk between B lymphocytes, microbiota and the intestinal epithelium governs immunity versus metabolism in the gut
Authors: Natalia Shulzhenko, Andrey Morgun, William Hsiao, Michele Battle, Michael Yao, Oksana Gavrilova, Marlene Orandle, Lloyd Mayer, Andrew J Macpherson, Kathy D McCoy, Claire Fraser-Liggett, Polly Matzinger
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Enhanced production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A E Koch, S L Kunkel, L A Harlow, B Johnson, H L Evanoff, G K Haines, M D Burdick, R M Pope, R M Strieter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Cells within the synovial tissue may recruit mononuclear phagocytes into the synovial fluid and tissues of arthritic patients. We investigated the production of the chemotactic cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) using sera, synovial fluid, synovial tissue, as well as macrophages and fibroblasts isolated from synovial tissues from 80 arthritic patients. MCP-1 levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in synovial fluid from RA patients (mean 25.5 +/- 8.1 ng/ml [SE]) compared to synovial fluid from osteoarthritis (OA) patients (0.92 +/- 0.08), or from patients with other arthritides (2.9 +/- 1.5). MCP-1 levels in RA sera (8.44 +/- 2.33) were significantly greater than MCP-1 in normal sera (0.16 +/- 0.06). The quantities of RA synovial fluid IL-8, which is chemotactic for neutrophils and lymphocytes, and MCP-1 were strongly positively correlated (P less than 0.05). To examine the cellular source of MCP-1, RA synovial tissue macrophages and fibroblasts were isolated. Synovial tissue fibroblasts did not express MCP-1 mRNA, but could be induced to produce MCP-1 by stimulation with either IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or LPS. In contrast, unlike normal peripheral blood monocytes or alveolar macrophages, RA synovial tissue macrophages constitutively expressed MCP-1 mRNA and antigen. Immunohistochemical analysis of synovial tissue showed that a significantly greater percentage of RA macrophages (50 +/- 8%) as compared to either OA macrophages (5 +/- 2) or normal macrophages (1 +/- 0.3) reacted with anti-MCP-1 antibodies. In addition, the synovial lining layer reacted with MCP-1 in both RA and OA synovial tissues. In contrast, only a minority of synovial fibroblasts (18 +/- 8%) from RA synovium were positive for immunolocalization of MCP-1. These results suggest that synovial production of MCP-1 may play an important role in the recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes during inflammation associated with RA and that synovial tissue macrophages are the dominant source of this cytokine.
Treatment allocation in trials: cluster randomisation
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers investigated the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in reducing the rate of acute knee injuries in adolescent female football players. A cluster randomised controlled trial study design was used. The intervention was a 15 minute neuromuscular warm-up programme (targeting core stability, balance, and proper knee alignment) carried out twice a week throughout one season. A total of 230 football clubs were recruited from the female under 14 to under 18 series in eight regional districts of the Swedish Football Association, located in the middle and southern parts of Sweden. Clubs were randomised to the intervention or control using cluster allocation, stratified by regional district. In total, 121 clubs were allocated to the intervention group and 109 to the control group, and the clubs were followed for one season. The coaches of the clubs allocated to the control group were instructed to train and play as usual without any changes.1 The primary outcome was the rate of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament. Secondary outcomes were rates of severe knee injury (longer than four weeks’ absence from playing) and any acute knee injury. The authors reported that the neuromuscular warm-up programme significantly reduced the rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in adolescent female football players. However, the absolute rate difference did not reach statistical significance, possibly because of the small number of events. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
General Practitioners’ Barriers to Physical Activity Negatively Influence Type 2 Diabetic Patients’ Involvement in Regular Physical Activity
Authors: Martine Duclos, Emmanuel Coudeyre, Lemlih Ouchchane
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

It is widely accepted that physical activity is a central component of type 2 diabetes management; HbA1c can be lowered by 0.6–0.8%, independent of changes in BMI and fat mass (1,2). However, incorporating regular physical activity into type 2 diabetes patients’ daily lives remains challenging. General practitioners (GPs) are cited as the primary source of information influencing healthy lifestyle decisions, but few studies have evaluated whether GPs’ perceived barriers toward physical activity affect physical activity uptake in diabetes patients (3). The objective of this study was to assess the associations between GPs’ perceived barriers to prescribing physical activity and type 2 diabetes patients’ perceived barriers to adopting physical activity.

We conducted a cross-sectional study on GPs and their type 2 diabetes patients in the Auvergne region (France) through a self-administered …
Abstract 3058: Bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell niche activation and mobilization fosters the metastatic niche
Authors: Amber J. Giles, Meera Murgai, Yorleny Vicioso, Steven Highfil, Crystal Mackall, Leonard Wexler, David Lyden, Rosandra Natasha Kaplan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metastasis remains the main cause of mortality for patients with cancer. The process whereby a localized tumor becomes metastatic remains poorly understood. Metastasis was previously thought to be a late-stage, unidirectional migration of cells from the primary tumor to a distant site, due to acquired genetic mutations that conferred necessary metastatic attributes to the cell. However, current research demonstrates that dissemination is not a late phenomenon and although loss of metastasis suppressor genes or gain of acquired mutations can contribute to the metastatic phenotype, the cross-talk between the tumor and its microenvironment has proven to be a major driver of this process. We have found that recruited bone marrow-derived cells and changes in resident stromal cells form a microenvironment that is conducive to metastatic progression, termed the pre-metastatic niche. The recruited and resident cells that form this microenvironment are active areas of investigation. Because the bone marrow is the source for most of the recruited cell types in these distant tissue sites, we postulated that activation of the bone marrow's hematopoietic compartment plays a key role in metastatic progression. We sought to profile the changes that occur within the hematopoietic stem cell niche of the bone marrow and subsequent changes in hematopoiesis in the setting of tumor development. Within the bone marrow of tumor bearing mice we found increased proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These cells are also increased in the circulation of both tumor bearing mice and patients with malignancy. Furthermore, we have determined that elevated levels of circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells can be predictive of metastatic risk, as those patients with the highest levels at diagnosis developed metastases. This biomarker may be useful in stratifying therapy for patients with localized disease who have the highest metastatic risk. Better understanding of the steps and individual factors required to establish a metastatic microenvironment can lead to novel adjuvant therapies to target this process. Citation Format: Amber J. Giles, Meera Murgai, Yorleny Vicioso, Steven Highfil, Crystal Mackall, Leonard Wexler, David Lyden, Rosandra Natasha Kaplan. Bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell niche activation and mobilization fosters the metastatic niche. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3058. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3058
Anaemia in Chinese, South Asian, and European populations in Newcastle upon Tyne: cross sectional study
Authors: C. Fischbacher
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Britt drew attention to anaemia in Punjabi women in Southall nearly 20 years ago.1 Representative population data on anaemia in adults from ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom have not been published since then. We used data from the Newcastle heart project 2 3 to assess the prevalence of anaemia in South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi) and Chinese ethnic groups.

View this table:

Number of respondents, percentage with anaemia,* and mean haemoglobin by sex, menopausal status, and ethnic group



The Newcastle heart project was a stratified random sample of 1889 Newcastle residents of European (n=825), Indian (259), Pakistani (305), Bangladeshi (120), and Chinese (380) ethnic origin, studied during 1991-7. Chinese respondents were aged 25–64 years; the others were aged 25–74 years. Full details have been published elsewhere. 2 3 Haemoglobin and red cell indices were determined with a Coulter STKS analyser. We defined anaemia as a haemoglobin <130 …
'Hey, You!' and Other Forms of Address
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1985)

How should a physician address his patients? The patients address the physician? And why one way rather than another? The questions are simple, the answers are not. When Juliet asked, "What's in a name?" she did not realize that the answer might involve cultural anthropology, history, linguistics, and ethics. Modes of address, and the replies thereto, provide a great deal of sociological information. If we hear a voice, "Oh, Ellen," and then a reply, "Yes, Ma'am?" we perceive a certain status level. If we hear, "Yes, Aunt Jane?" or "Yes, Doctor?" we perceive different levels. Or, if one voice says, "Oh, Mr. Johnson," and another, "Hey, buddy," we note distinctly different levels of respect. Or again, if one voice says, "Good morning, Dr Jones," and another, "Good morning, Doc," we hear a clear variance in deference. The actual use of names and titles is culturally determined, differing from one country
ON ASPARAGUS AS A DIURETIC
Authors: S. J. Jeaffreson
Journal: BMJ (1855)

ORIGINAL UOMWNKAATSIONLPMISCOPIC REVIEW.4 e until they atrced attention, the rslt of which would have been, that idiopathic diabetos would have been found to be a rather common, instead of, as it is, a com- partively rare disease.Applying these observations to the present case, we see that, by a treatment directed to allay irritability of the stomach, and by a carefully but not rigidly restricted diet, a well-marked diabetic condition of the urine, with its at- tendant loss of flesh and debility, was completely removed in a few weeks; and it is probable that, if a different treat- ment for the liver complaint had been substituted for mer- cury and drinking largely of sea-water, Mr. L.'s life might have been prolonged, if not preserved.