tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Universal Surveillance for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 3 Affiliated Hospitals
Authors: Ari Robicsek, Jennifer L Beaumont, Suzanne M Paule, Donna M Hacek, Richard B Thomson, Karen L Kaul, Peggy King, Lance R Peterson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

The effect of large-scale expanded surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on health care-associated MRSA disease is not known.To examine the effect of 2 expanded surveillance interventions on MRSA disease.Observational study comparing rates of MRSA clinical disease during and after hospital admission in 3 consecutive periods: baseline (12 months), MRSA surveillance for all admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) (12 months), and universal MRSA surveillance for all hospital admissions (21 months).A 3-hospital, 850-bed organization with approximately 40,000 annual admissions.Polymerase chain reaction-based nasal surveillance for MRSA followed by topical decolonization therapy and contact isolation of patients who tested positive for MRSA.Poisson and segmented regression models were used to compare prevalence density of hospital-associated clinical MRSA disease (bloodstream, respiratory, urinary tract, and surgical site) in each period. Rates of bloodstream disease with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus were used as a control.The prevalence density of aggregate hospital-associated MRSA disease (all body sites) per 10,000 patient-days at baseline, during ICU surveillance, and during universal surveillance was 8.9 (95% CI, 7.6 to 10.4), 7.4 (CI, 6.1 to 9.0; P = 0.15 compared with baseline), and 3.9 (CI, 3.2 to 4.7; P < 0.001 compared with baseline and ICU surveillance), respectively. During universal surveillance, the prevalence density of MRSA infection at each body site had a statistically significant decrease compared with baseline. The methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteremia rate did not statistically significantly change during the 3 periods. In a segmented regression model, the aggregate hospital-associated MRSA disease prevalence density changed by -36.2% (CI, -65.4% to 9.8%; P = 0.17) from baseline to ICU surveillance and by -69.6% (CI, -89.2% to -19.6%]; P = 0.03) from baseline to universal surveillance. During universal surveillance, the MRSA disease rate decreased during hospitalization and in the 30 days after discharge; no further reduction occurred thereafter. Surveillance with clinical cultures would have identified 17.8% of actual MRSA patient-days, and ICU-based surveillance with polymerase chain reaction would have identified 33.3%.The findings rely on observational data.The introduction of universal admission surveillance for MRSA was associated with a large reduction in MRSA disease during admission and 30 days after discharge.
97 BILIARY STRICTURES AND RECURRENT DISEASE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS – A LARGE, MULTICENTER COHORT ANALYSIS WITH LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP
Authors: T. Horn, N. Pannicke, A. Dechene, D. Gotthardt, G. Kirchner, F.P. Reiter, K. Herzer, H. Lenzen, H. Barg-Hock, M. Sterneck, P. de Leuw, A. Teufel, V. Zimmer, F. Lammert, C. Sarrazin, U. Spengler, C. Rust, M.P. Manns, C.P. Strassburg, C. Schramm, T.J. Weismüller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Ivory Vertebra in Hodgkin's Disease-Reply
Authors: Marjorie Hertz, Albert Solomon, Esther Aghai
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We have read the comments of Drs Stein and Flexner. The main point of our report concerned a sclerotic bone lesion in Hodgkin's disease that reverted to normal after treatment. We do not consider that this lesion was due to hematogenic spread because (<i>a</i>) it was a sclerotic lesion of the "ivory vertebra" type, which is believed to be caused by extrinsic pressure from involved lymph nodes,<sup>1,2</sup>(<i>b</i>) only one bone was involved, and (<i>c</i>) the patient relapsed only in the abdominal nodes and not in the chest or in the periphery. Also, he has remained well with chemotherapy to the present date. In our opinion the normal lymphangiography and normal laparotomy do not exclude the possibility of nodal disease as high up as the 11th dorsal vertebra with contiguous invasion of the bone. Our general guideline for treatment of Hodgkin's extranodal disease includes adjuvant combined
Defining Diastolic Heart Failure and Identifying Effective Therapies
Authors: John G. F. Cleland, Pierpaolo Pellicori
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Autopsy Study of Leg Vein Thrombosis
Authors: PAUL D. STEIN, HILARY EVANS
Journal: Circulation (1967)

An autopsy study of leg veins in unselected patients was performed in which postmortem venography, complete gross dissection, and microscopic examination were utilized in order to assess the incidence, location, origin, and mode of propagation of venous thrombi in the leg. The incidence of leg vein thrombosis is high; 13 of 27 patients studied (48%) had antemortem thrombi. Thrombosis in the veins of the thigh occurred often (eight patients), but thrombosis in the veins of the calf was even more frequent (12 patients). Thrombi large enough to cause significant pulmonary embolism were found in seven patients. Leg vein thrombi were found in five of the six patients in this study who had pulmonary embolism at autopsy. Initiation of thrombosis was noted in the veins of both the thighs and the calves. The valve pockets were a frequent site of origin of thrombi. Inflammation of the wall of the vein (phlebitis) secondary to thrombosis was found in one patient. Postmortem venography is a useful and simple adjunct for the autopsy study of leg vein thrombosis. It is particularly reliable for the detection of thrombi in the thigh.
Threat to Hospital Privileges
Authors: J. Attenborough, D. R. Aubrey, H. Auger, A. J. Austin, C. I. S. Bartlett, R. C. T. Bellamy, R. C. Bergel, D. Bryant, M. E. Carpenter, R. Cates, A. R. Christmas, G. E. Clyne, J. A. Collings-Wells, P. F. A. Crawshaw, J. H. Cule, L. W. B. Dobbin, B. Donovan, J. Edwards, K. M. Evans, V. C. Faber, R. France, N. S. C. Gent, G. W. Hadfield, T. D. Haskins, B. Henley, D. O. Henry, J. J. Holden, J. P. James, J. N. Kayll, S. G. Kent, I. A. Key, B. T. Kieft, M. F. L. Wright, C. O. Lister, A. D. MacAdam, J. McNutt, J. Y. J. M. Mason, D. P. Mason, J. Mathewson, W. May, R. W. M. Morrison, Y. P. Narula, J. C. N. Price, J. M. Norman, H. J. C. Page, J. R. Perry, P. B. Poole, A. M. W. Porter, J. K. Powell, R. C. Poyntz-Wright, D. J. Price, J. Price, J. N. A. Pritchard, I. H. Robinson, N. E. Rust, J. M. Scriven, G. E. Singer, P. C. Smart, P. S. Smith, J. L. V. Summerhayes, C. R. Tilly, H. B. Tipler, D. G. L. Trust, A. G. Turner, D. R. H. Urquhart, C. D. Walker, I. W. Wallace, M. Watson, M. S. Whitehouse, M. A. Whittingham, W. Whittingham, E. M. Williams, B. Winchurch
Journal: BMJ (1968)
Cloning and Characterization of TRAIL-R3, a Novel Member of the Emerging TRAIL Receptor Family
Authors: Mariapia A. Degli-Esposti, Pamela J. Smolak, Henning Walczak, Jennifer Waugh, Chang-Pin Huang, Robert F. DuBose, Raymond G. Goodwin, Craig A. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

TRAIL-R3, a new member of the TRAIL receptor family, has been cloned and characterized. TRAIL-R3 encodes a 299 amino acid protein with 58 and 54% overall identity to TRAIL-R1 and -R2, respectively. Transient expression and quantitative binding studies show TRAIL-R3 to be a plasma membrane-bound protein capable of high affinity interaction with the TRAIL ligand. The TRAIL-R3 gene maps to human chromosome 8p22-21, clustered with the genes encoding two other TRAIL receptors. In contrast to TRAIL-R1 and -R2, this receptor shows restricted expression, with transcripts detectable only in peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen. The structure of TRAIL-R3 is unique when compared to the other TRAIL receptors in that it lacks a cytoplasmic domain and appears to be glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked. Moreover, unlike TRAIL-R1 and -R2, in a transient overexpression system TRAIL-R3 does not induce apoptosis.
Dependence of nucleotide substitutions on Ung2, Msh2, and PCNA-Ub during somatic hypermutation
Authors: Peter H.L. Krijger, Petra Langerak, Paul C.M. van den Berk, Heinz Jacobs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

During somatic hypermutation (SHM), B cells introduce mutations into their immunoglobulin genes to generate high affinity antibodies. Current models suggest a separation in the generation of G/C transversions by the Ung2-dependent pathway and the generation of A/T mutations by the Msh2/ubiquitinated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA-Ub)–dependent pathway. It is currently unknown whether these pathways compete to initiate mutagenesis and whether PCNA-Ub functions downstream of Ung2. Furthermore, these models do not explain why mice lacking Msh2 have a more than twofold reduction in the total mutation frequency. Our data indicate that PCNA-Ub is required for A/T mutagenesis downstream of both Msh2 and Ung2. Furthermore, we provide evidence that both pathways are noncompetitive to initiate mutagenesis and even collaborate to generate half of all G/C transversions. These findings significantly add to our understanding of SHM and necessitate an update of present SHM models.
Regional myocardial blood flow during graded treadmill exercise in the dog.
Authors: R M Ball, R J Bache, F R Cobb, J C Greenfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Regional myocardial blood flow was measured in nine dogs at rest and during three levels of treadmill exercise by using left atrial injections of 7-10-mum radioactive microspheres. At rest, heart rate was 76 plus or minus 3 beats/min (mean plus or minus SEM), mean left ventricular myocardial flow was 0.94 plus or minus 0.09 ml/min/g and endocardial flow (endo) exceeded epicardial flow (epi) in all regions (endo/epi equals 1.12-1.33). When treadmill exercise was regulated to increase heart rates from 152 plus or minus 3 to 190 plus or minus 3 to 240 plus or minus 6 beats/min, myocardial blood flow (MBF) to all regions of the left ventricle increased linearly with heart rate (HR) from 1.83 plus or minus 0.11 to 2.75 plus or minus 0.22 to 3.90 plus or minus 0.26 ml/min/g (MBF EQUALs 0.0175 HR - 0.523 PLUS OR MINUS 0.614, R EQUALS 0.87). Exercise abolished the gradient of blood flow favoring the left ventricular endocardium at rest, so that the endo/epi flow ratios were not significantly different from 1.00. Right ventricular flows were consistently less than corresponding left ventricular flows, but showed a similar linear increase with heart rate. Right ventricular endo/epi ratios were not different from 1.00 either at rest or during exercise. Thus, exercise resulted in increased myocardial blood flow to all regions of the left and right ventricles with maintenance of subendocardial flow equal to subepicardial flow.
Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of myocardial infarction
Authors: John A. Ambrose, Mark A. Tannenbaum, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Craig E. Hjemdahl-Monsen, Jeffrey Leavy, Melvin Weiss, Susan Borrico, Richard Gorlin, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Abstract 516: Obinutuzumab (GA101): A novel type II glycoengineered CD20 antibody exhibits enhanced cell death against Rituximab-resistant and -sensitive cell lines in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Aradhana Awasthi Tiwari, Janet Ayello, Carmella Van de ven, Mitchell S. Cairo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Rituximab (RTX), an antibody targeting the B-cell antigen CD20, in combination with chemotherapy, is safe, well tolerated and associated with &amp;gt; 90% EFS in children with advanced mature B-Cell NHL (Cairo M.S. et al, ASCO 2010). However, RTX resistance has evolved as one of the limiting factors of such therapy and the exact cause of this resistance is not well understood. C-terminal deletion mutations of CD20 may be one possible reason such resistance or for relapse (Mishima Y. et al, Blood Cancer Journal 2011). Obinutuzumab (GA101), a novel type II glycoengineered CD20 antibody of the IgG1 isotype, demonstrates superior cell death induction and its glyco-engineered Fc region has shown to cause significant enhanced ADCC (Mössner et al, Blood 2010; Niederfellner G. et al, Blood 2011). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of GA101 as compared to RTX against RTX resistant cell lines (Raji-2R and Raji-4RH, generously supplied by M. Barth, MD, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY) in-vitro. Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of GA101 against Raji (Burkitt Lymphoma), a RTX sensitive cell line (RSCL) and RTX resistant cell lines (RRCL), Raji-2R and Raji-4R (Barth M. et al, ASH 2010). All cell lines were cultured in RPMI with 10% FBS and incubated with dose escalation of GA101 (1-100 µg/ml) for 24 hrs. Cell death was evaluated by staining with AnnexinV/7AAD using a standard kit (BD Biosciences) and flow-cytometry. B-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (BLL) U-698-M cells (CD20+) (DSMZ, Germany) were used as the positive control; whereas, Loucy cells (CD20−) (T-ALL) (ATCC, Manhass, VA) were used as the negative control. Results: At 100 µg/ml of GA101 when incubated for 24 hrs, Raji and U-698-M demonstrated 26.5±0.42% and 32.4±1.9% cell death, respectively. Cell death of the RRCL, Raji-2R and Raji-4RH, was 16.3±3.4% and 17.5±0.07% respectively, at 100 µg/ml of GA101 at 24 hrs. Significant cell death was demonstrated with RSCL as compared to the RRCL, Raji vs Raji-2R (p&amp;lt;0.05) and Raji vs Raji-4RH (p&amp;lt;0.01). There was no significant change in cell death with any concentration of GA101 with the Loucy cell line. Conclusion: Based on these findings, GA101 is a promising novel CD20 antibody for the treatment of RTX resistant B-Cell Lymphomas and related B-Cell malignancies. Further studies are aimed to identify novel candidates that may increase the efficacy of GA101 against RTX resistant cell lines in-vitro and in-vivo. One such approach is to combine GA101 with activated NK cells or a chemotherapeutic agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 516. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-516
Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride monomer: a model of risk assessment on an experimental basis.
Authors: C Maltoni, G Lefemine, A Ciliberti, G Cotti, D Carretti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Data are presented regarding the final results of the Bentivoglio (Bologna) project on long-term carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride (VC). The experimental project studied the effects of the monomer, administered by different routes, concentrations and schedules of treatment, to animals (near 7000) of different species, strains, sex and age. To our knowledge this is the largest experimental carcinogenicity study performed on a single compound by a single institution. The results indicate that VC is a multipotential carcinogen, affecting a variety of organs and tissues. In the experimental conditions studied, the neoplastic effects of the monomer were also detected at low doses. The experimental and biological factors greatly affect the neoplastic response to VC. Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays are, at present, a unique tool for the identification and quantification of environmental and occupational risks. Precise and highly standardized experimental procedures are needed to obtain data for risk assessment.
NATURE OF THE TOXIC MOIETY OF STREPTOCOCCUS SCARLATINÆ
Authors: Charles W. Duval, R. J. Hibbard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The cutaneous reaction demonstrates that the culture lysate of Streptococcus scarlatinae is approximately ten time more potent in its toxic effect than is the culture filtrate since repeated and carefully controlled human skin tests show that 0.1 cc. of a 1:2000 dilution of lysate reacts equally as well as a similar dose of a 1:250 dilution of culture filtrate (Dick's standard skin unit). Animal tests and the human intradermal reaction clearly reveal that the toxic principle of culture filtrate (Dick's toxin) and culture lysate (Duval-Hibbard endotoxin) are of the same nature) namely intracellular derivatives of the streptococcal cell. The in vivo prepared lysate affords a more potent antigen for the production of an antiendotoxic serum than the living, killed or culture filtrate of Streptococcus scarlatinae. The inoculations into dogs of culture filtrate and of the "washed coccal bodies" yield strikingly different results. In those that receive filtrate no toxic effect is produced while in the ones injected with the washed coccal bodies a severe and often fatal toxemia results. The dog is highly susceptible to infection with Streptococcus scarlatinae and also readily affected by injections of the in vivo prepared lysate. Toxic effects are produced almost immediately following the intravenous injection of lysate and death usually occurs in 24 to 48 hours from an acute hemorrhagic nephritis. Daily urinary examination shows a high percentage of albumin, large numbers of fine granular casts and quantities of macroscopic blood. A study of the kidney sections reveals an extensive glomerulonephritis. The work reported constitutes further evidence in support of our original contention that the poisonous substance of the scarlatinal streptococcus is derived from the bacterial cell set free through the dissolution of the germ plasm. The liberation of the poison in vitro occurs as the natural result of autolysis while in vivo it is produced through specific action of bacteriolysin.
TCT-643 Abluminal- Only Coating Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent Provides an Anti-inflammatory Vascular Effect Compared to Bare Metal Stents in the Familial Hypercholesterolemic Swin
Authors: Armando Tellez, Elina Donskoy, Natalia Sushkova, Paul Seifert, Taylor Palmieri, William Rate, Samantha Stone, Michael Eppihimer, Greg Kaluza, Barbara Huibregtse, Keith Dawkins, Juan Granada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Tamoxifen and mastectomy for elderly patients with operable breast cancer.
Authors: A. P. Forrest, U. Chetty, D. Gaskell, R. A. Hawkins
Journal: BMJ (1988)

shoe size over 5 (p<OO5).Women over 155 cm tall had a 3% incidence of disproportion whereas women of 155 cm or less had an incidence of 18% (p<00005).More significantly, shoe size was more helpful in mothers of 155 cm or less.In this group the incidence ofcephalopelvic disproportion was 23% when the shoe size was less than 5 and 7% when the shoe size was 5 or over.By pointing out that mothers of short stature or small feet are at a higher risk of requiring abdominal delivery we are not suggesting that this should be done without a properly conducted and monitored trial of labour.
Dietary Protein and Renal Failure
Authors: Brian H. McCracken, Maurice A. Pearl, Enrique Carvajal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IT is the accepted method of treatment in acute renal failure and in acute exacerbations of chronic failure to place the patient on a protein-free regimen that includes a daily intake of at least 100 gm. of carbohydrate for its protein-sparing effect, this figure having been given by Gamble,1 in 1947, as providing the approximately maximum protein-sparing effect. He found very little further protection of body protein when the intake was increased to 200 gm. in his experiments. The 100-gm. figure has since been widely accepted. A number of authors, however, have suggested that an increased caloric intake would further . . .
<b> <i>In vitro</i> </b> Stimulation with WT1 Peptide-Loaded Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive B Cells Elicits High Frequencies of WT1 Peptide-Specific T Cells with <b> <i>In vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>In vivo</i> </b> Tumoricidal Activity
Authors: Ekaterina S. Doubrovina, Mikhail M. Doubrovin, Sangyull Lee, Jae-Hung Shieh, Glen Heller, Eric Pamer, Richard J. O’Reilly
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The Wilms tumor protein (WT1) is overexpressed in most acute and chronic leukemias. To develop a practicable, clinically applicable approach for generation of WT1-specific T cells and to comparatively evaluate the immunogenicity of WT1 in normal individuals, we sensitized T cells from 13 HLA-A0201+ and 5 HLA-A2402+ donors with autologous EBV-transformed B cells or cytokine-activated monocytes, loaded with the HLA-A0201-binding WT1 peptides 126–134RMFPNAPYL or 187–195SLGEQQYSV or a newly identified HLA-A2402-binding WT1 peptide 301–310RVPGVAPTL. WT1-specific T cells were regularly generated from each donor. T cells sensitized with peptide-loaded EBV-transformed B cells generated higher numbers of WT1-specific T cells than peptide-loaded cytokine-activated monocytes. Contrary to expectations, the frequencies of WT1 peptide-specific T cells were equivalent to those generated against individual highly immunogenic HLA-A0201-binding EBV peptides. Each of these T-cell lines specifically killed WT1+ leukemias and solid tumors in an HLA-restricted manner but did not lyse autologous or HLA-matched normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells or reduce their yield of colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), burst-forming unit erythroid (BFU-E), or mixed colonies (CFU-mix). Furthermore, WT1 peptide-specific T cells after adoptive transfer into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of WT1+ and WT1− HLA-A0201+ leukemias preferentially accumulated in and induced regressions of WT1+ leukemias that expressed the restricting HLA allele. Such cells are clinically applicable and may prove useful for adoptive cell therapy of WT1+ malignant diseases in humans.
Notes on Cholera
Authors: R. W. Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1865)

produced a large chancre, which was re-inoculable, as was proved on other subjects.It grew to a diameter of more than half an inec, and produced some swell- ing and inflammatory redness.A new, but smaller, chancre formed itself in the neighbourhood, probably by spontaneous inoculation from the abundant secretion of the first ulcer.One of the nxillary glands