tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mycotic False Aneurysm of the Aorta Following Aortic Valvular Prosthesis
Authors: NOBUHISA BABA, TREVOR L. MCKISSICK
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A case of a mycotic false aneurysm of the ascending aorta and aortic sinus caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcal endocarditis following the placement of a Starr-Edwards prosthesis for rheumatic aortic stenosis is reported. The formation of the aneurysm caused aortic insufficiency, and terminally the prosthesis was torn from the aorta. The occurrence of mycotic aneurysms in the aorta and their etiology and pathogenesis are discussed. Cases of postoperative false-aneurysm formation of the ascending aorta are reviewed.
VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN MAN
Authors: J. Casals, Edward C. Curnen, Lewis Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

A filterable agent was isolated from the blood and from washings of the upper respiratory passages of a young laboratory worker during a mild, acute, febrile illness. This agent was identified as a strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. Circulating specific complement-fixing and neutralizing antibodies not present in sera withdrawn during the acute phase of illness were demonstrated in sera obtained during convalescence. A fellow laboratory worker who became similarly ill simultaneously also developed during convalescence specific circulating antibodies not present prior to illness.
Dendritic cells take up viral antigens but do not support the early steps of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Andreas Untergasser, Uta Zedler, Anja Langenkamp, Marianna Hösel, Maria Quasdorff, Knud Esser, Hans-Peter Dienes, Barbara Tappertzhofen, Waldemar Kolanus, Ulrike Protzer
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Dendritic cells (DC) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers have been reported to exhibit functional impairment. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are infection of HBV by DC or alteration of DC function by HBV. We therefore analyzed whether DC support the different steps of HBV infection and replication: uptake, deposition of the HBV genome in the nucleus, antigen expression, and progeny virus release. When HBV genomes were artificially introduced into monocyte-derived DC by adenoviral vectors, low-level expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) but no HBV replication was detected. When monocyte-derived DC were subjected to wild-type HBV or a recombinant HBV expressing Renilla luciferase under a non-liver-specific promoter, intracellular HBV DNA was detected in a low percentage of cells. However, neither nuclear cccDNA was formed nor luciferase activity was detected, indicating that either uncoating or nucleocytoplasmic transport were blocked. To verify our observation in the in vivo situation, myeloid and plasmacytoid DC were isolated from blood of high viremic HBV carriers, and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. Although circulating DC had in vivo been exposed to more than 10(4) HBV virions per cell, HBV genomic DNA was hardly detected, and no nuclear cccDNA was detected at all. By using electron microscopy, subviral particles were found in endocytic vesicles, but virions were undetectable as were viral capsids in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, circulating DC may take up HBV antigens, but neither support nucleocytoplasmic transport nor replication of HBV.
Physical Activity and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Men
Authors: I-Min Lee, Howard D. Sesso, Ralph S. Paffenbarger
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unclear whether the duration of exercise episodes is important: Are accumulated shorter sessions as predictive of decreased risk as longer sessions if the same amount of energy is expended? Methods and Results —In the Harvard Alumni Health Study, we prospectively followed 7307 Harvard University alumni (mean age 66.1 years) from 1988 through 1993. At baseline, men reported their walking, stair climbing, and participation in sports or recreational activities. For each of the latter activities, they also reported the frequency and average duration per episode. During follow-up, 482 men developed CHD. In age-adjusted analysis, a longer duration of exercise episodes predicted lower CHD risk ( P trend=0.04). However, after total energy expended on physical activity and potential confounders was accounted for, duration no longer had an independent effect on CHD risk ( P trend=0.25); that is, longer sessions of exercise did not have a different effect on risk compared with shorter sessions, as long as the total energy expended was similar. In contrast, higher levels of total energy expenditure significantly predicted decreased CHD risk in both age-adjusted ( P trend=0.009) and multivariate ( P trend=0.046) analyses. Conclusions —These data clearly indicate that physical activity is associated with decreased CHD risk. Furthermore, they lend some support to recent recommendations that allow for the accumulation of shorter sessions of physical activity, as opposed to requiring 1 longer, continuous session of exercise. This may provide some impetus for those sedentary to become more active.
Some Aspects of the Relationship of the Urban Pediatric Hospital to Community Mental Health Programs
Authors: DEXTER M. BULLARD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The expanded role of the urban pediatric hospital in the delivery of comprehensive medical care has been accompanied by increasing referrals of patients with social and emotional problems. In the treatment of these patients the "mecca" philosophy of the hospital must be weighed against the realistic appraisal of the most appropriate community resource. Clinical and geographical responsibilities must be delineated to make effective use of the urban pediatric hospital and reduce duplication of mental health services.
Reducing sexually transmitted infections among gay men
Authors: S. M Noar, R. S Zimmerman, C. Bonell, V. Strange, J. Imrie, J. M Stephenson, F. M Cowan, S. Wanigaratne, A. J P Billington, A. J Copas, L. French, P. D French, A. M Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2001)
Menetrier's Disease and Helicobacter pylori
Authors: E. Bayerdorffer, M.M. Ritter, R. Hatz, W. Brooks, M. Stolte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy is a life-threatening disease characterized by hypoproteinemia,1 often with the development of gastric cancer2. In a retrospective study of 138 patients, we found that hypertrophic gastropathy was associated with Helicobacter pylori in more than 90 percent of cases3. This finding encouraged us to treat a 28-year-old woman for Menetrier's disease associated with protein-losing gastropathy. She had been treated with cimetidine for more than three years, with little benefit, when colonization with H. pylori was detected. H. pylori was also found on examination of biopsy specimens obtained five years earlier, before treatment with . . .
Intradialytic parenteral nutrition improves protein and energy homeostasis in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Lara B. Pupim, Paul J. Flakoll, John R. Brouillette, Deanna K. Levenhagen, Raymond M. Hakim, T. Alp Ikizler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Decreased dietary protein intake and hemodialysis-associated protein catabolism are among several factors that predispose chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients to protein calorie malnutrition. Since attempts to increase protein intake by dietary counseling are usually ineffective, intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach in malnourished CHD patients. In this study, we examined protein and energy homeostasis during hemodialysis in seven CHD patients at two separate hemodialysis sessions, with and without IDPN administration. Patients were studied 2 hours before, during, and 2 hours following a hemodialysis session, using a primed constant infusion of L-(1-13C) leucine and L-(ring-2H5) phenylalanine. Our results showed that IPDN promoted a large increase in whole-body protein synthesis and a significant decrease in whole-body proteolysis, along with a significant increase in forearm muscle protein synthesis. The net result was a change from an essentially catabolic state to a highly positive protein balance, both in whole-body and forearm muscle compartments. We conclude that the provision of calories and amino acids during hemodialysis with IDPN acutely reverses the net negative whole-body and forearm muscle protein balances, demonstrating a need for long-term clinical trials evaluating IDPN in malnourished CHD patients.
LIVER ABSCESSA REPORT OF TWO CASES OF ABSCESS OF THE LEFT LOBE
Authors: ROBERT M. CULLER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The tropical or amœbic abscess of the liver concomitant with or a sequel of dysentery presents enough diagnostic difficulties to make any discussion of it acceptable to those who are initiated. In this brief paper no attempt is made to discuss this great subject in general, but these few suggestive ideas occurred to me in the study of this disease.  The clinical picture of liver abscess given in text-books seems clear and plain enough, but the text-book descriptions are often really of little help to the surgeon in his work, because they appear to be largely based on far advanced cases in which the pathologic process has extended to involvement of neighboring structures and the abscess has reached such great proportions that the patient is in a desperate situation. It is remarkable also, that many text-book descriptions indicate that the authors in their discussion of differential diagnosis have in mind
Relation between central and peripheral hemodynamics during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Muscle blood flow is reduced with maintenance of arterial perfusion pressure.
Authors: M J Sullivan, J D Knight, M B Higginbotham, F R Cobb
Journal: Circulation (1989)

We studied the central hemodynamic, leg blood flow, and metabolic responses to maximal upright bicycle exercise in 30 patients with chronic heart failure attributable to severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction, 24 +/- 8%) and in 12 normal subjects. At peak exercise, patients demonstrated reduced oxygen consumption (15.1 +/- 4.8 vs. 32.1 +/- 9.9 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.001), cardiac output (8.7 +/- 3.2 vs. 18.6 +/- 4.4 l/min, p less than 0.001), and mean systemic arterial blood pressure (116 +/- 15 vs. 135 +/- 13 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) compared with normal subjects. Leg blood flow was decreased in patients versus normal subjects at rest and matched submaximal work rates and maximal exercise (2.1 +/- 1.9 vs. 6.4 +/- 1.4 l/min, all p less than 0.01). Mean systemic arterial blood pressure was no different in the two groups at rest or at matched submaximal work rates, whereas leg vascular resistance was higher in patients compared with normal subjects at rest, submaximal, and maximal exercise (all p less than 0.01). Although nonleg blood flow was decreased at rest in patients, it did not decrease significantly during exercise in either group. Peak exercise leg blood flow was related to peak exercise cardiac output in patients (r = 0.66, p less than 0.01) and normal subjects (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01). In patients, leg vascular resistance was not related to mean arterial blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, arterial catecholamines, arterial lactate, or femoral venous pH at rest or during exercise. Compared with normal subjects during submaximal exercise, patients demonstrated increased leg oxygen extraction and lactate production accompanied by decreased leg oxygen consumption. Thus, in patients with chronic heart failure compared with normal subjects, skeletal muscle perfusion is decreased at rest and during submaximal and maximal exercise, and local vascular resistance is increased. Our data indicate that nonleg blood flow and arterial blood pressure were preferentially maintained during exercise at the expense of leg hypoperfusion in our patients. This was associated with decreased leg oxygen utilization and increased leg oxygen extraction when compared to normal subjects, providing further evidence that reduced perfusion of skeletal muscle is important in causing early anaerobic skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise in subjects with this disorder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Malignant Neoplasms Following Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: John G. Krikorian
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Between Jan 6, 1968, and April 11, 1977, 124 patients underwent cardiac transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center, with a mean and median period of follow-up of 18.3 and 9.7 months, respectively. Malignant neoplasms developed in seven patients--three lymphoproliferative neoplasms, two skin cancers, one acute leukemia, and one colon carcinoma. Visceral tumors were often fatal and caused 11% of deaths after three months following transplantation. The incidence and spectrum of malignant neoplasms in this population are similar to those observed in recipients of renal homografts.
Minocycline prevents osmotic demyelination associated with aquaresis
Authors: Hiroshi Takagi, Yoshihisa Sugimura, Haruyuki Suzuki, Shintaro Iwama, Hisakazu Izumida, Haruki Fujisawa, Koichiro Ogawa, Kotaro Nakashima, Hiroshi Ochiai, Seiji Takeuchi, Atsushi Kiyota, Hidetaka Suga, Motomitsu Goto, Ryoichi Banno, Hiroshi Arima, Yutaka Oiso
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Dream research: Integration of physiological and psychological models
Authors: Michael Schredl
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

All five target articles are of high quality and very stimulating for the field. Several factors such as dream report length and NREM/REM differences, may be affected by the waking process (transition from sleep to wakefulness) and the recall process. It is helpful to distinguish between a model for REM sleep regulation and a physiological model for dreaming. A third model accounting for cognitive activity (thought-like dreaming) can also be of value. The postulated adaptive function of dreaming in avoidance learning does not seem very plausible because the two major basic assumptions (specificity of dream content and benefit of negative dreams) are not clearly supported by modern dream research: The critique of studies investigating memory consolidation in REM sleep is justified. Future studies integrating the knowledge of memory processes and sleep research will shed more light on the role of sleep, especially REM sleep in memory consolidation. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
Adapting Smoking Cessation Treatment According to Initial Response to Precessation Nicotine Patch
Authors: Jed E. Rose, Frédérique M. Behm
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated an adaptive smoking cessation treatment strategy in which nicotine patch treatment was initiated before a quit date, and then, depending on initial therapeutic response, either the nicotine patch was continued or alternative pharmacotherapies were provided. METHOD The study was a double-blind, parallel-arm adaptive treatment trial. A total of 606 cigarette smokers started open-label nicotine patch treatment 2 weeks before the quit date. Those whose ad lib smoking did not decrease by &gt;50% after 1 week were randomly assigned to one of three double-blind treatments: nicotine patch alone (control condition); "rescue" treatment with bupropion augmentation of the patch; or rescue treatment with varenicline alone. Participants whose precessation smoking decreased &gt;50% but who lapsed after the quit date were also randomly assigned to the two rescue treatments or to nicotine patch alone. Logistic regression analyses compared each rescue treatment against the control condition in terms of abstinence at the end of treatment (weeks 8-11) and at 6 months. RESULTS Smokers who did not respond adequately to precessation nicotine patch benefited from bupropion augmentation; abstinence rates at end of treatment were 16% with nicotine patch alone and 28% with bupropion augmentation (odds ratio=2.04, 95% CI=1.03-4.01). Switching to varenicline produced less robust effects, but point abstinence at 6 months was 6.6% with the patch alone and 16.5% with a switch to varenicline (odds ratio=2.80, 95% CI=1.11-7.06). Postquit adaptive changes in treatment had no significant effects on any abstinence outcome. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to rescue a significant portion of smokers who would have failed to achieve abstinence if left on nicotine patch alone by identifying these smokers before their quit date and implementing adaptive changes in treatment.
Rhinophyma‐like granuloma faciale successfully treated with carbon dioxide laser
Authors: W. Bakkour, V. Madan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Rhinophyma‐like granuloma faciale successfully treated with carbon dioxide laser Get access W. Bakkour, W. Bakkour The Dermatology Centre Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Stott Lane Manchester M6 8HD U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Madan V. Madan The Dermatology Centre Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Stott Lane Manchester M6 8HD U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 2, 1 February 2014, Pages 474–475, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12649 Published: 01 February 2014
Academies promote core values for scientific research integrity
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The responsibilities of researchers, research institutions, funding agencies, and journals for upholding ethical working practices are spelt out in a new report.1

The InterAcademy Council (IAC) and the Global Network of Science Academies (IAP), which have collaborated on the report, say that researchers have the primary responsibility for upholding standards of responsible conduct in research, but they are not alone.

Global research and development expenditures nearly doubled between 1996 and 2009 to $1.3 trillion (£0.8 trillion; €1 trillion). That research is increasingly complex, interdisciplinary, and international in scope.

The report identifies fundamental values and principles that researchers should incorporate into every part of the …
THE USE OF COLOUR TESTS IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: W. M. Beaumont
Journal: BMJ (1912)

MODEMN metlhods of colour vision testing, are duie to the work of Ediridge-Green, and the present-day uise of hiis lantern increases pari 1Jassi8 -witlh tlle disuse of Holm,gren's wools.Some iuterest in the subject of colour tests w-as aroused by the reading of three papers at the anlnual miieeting of the Bi-itisli Medical Associationi, lheld at Bournemiouth in 1891.At that timiie on most of the railways and in the
Hypocalcemia Following Magnesium Sulfate Therapy
Authors: T. H. MOUNTOKALAKIS
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Monif and Savory (219:1469, 1972) reported the case of maternal hypocalcemia secondary to magnesium sulfate therapy for eclampsia, as an example for the interrelationship of magnesium and calcium ions in man. Such an interrelationship is known to exist, though the exact role of parathormone in magnesium homeostasis remains to be defined. 1 Knowledge of the mechanism involved would have considerable implications regarding possible benefits and hazards of therapeutic use of magnesium.  We had the opportunity to study the changes of magnesium, calcium, and phosphate in serum and urine after a two-hour intravenous infusion of 41.1 mEq of magnesium (as magnesium sulfate in 200 ml normal saline solution) in 22 normal volunteers, 9 male and 13 female, whose ages ranged from 17 to 61 years. Blood and urine specimens were obtained before infusion, at the end of infusion, and at one-hour intervals, for a total time of four
A gross story
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2002)

“Get up, I tell you, girl, get up! Wine keeps not ever in the cup.” (Ogden Nash)

“I must tell you a gross story,” said the girl with the pigtails, over cocktails, speaking in modern teenager dialect.

She had gone to a bar with friends, and late in the evening had put a coin in a jukebox to hear her favourite song. As the record was slow in coming, most members of the party went home, leaving only the …
Letter to the EditorRe: Wirth MP, Weissbach L, Marx F-J, Heckl W, Jellinghaus W, Riedmiller H, Noack B, Hinke A, Froehner M. Prospective randomized trial comparing flutamide as adjuvant treatment versus observation after radical prostatectomy for locally advanced, lymph node-negative prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2004;45:267?70
Authors: Bernardo Rocco, Deliu Victor Matei, Ottavio de Cobelli, Francesco Rocco
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Angiopoietin-1 is essential in mouse vasculature during development and in response to injury
Authors: Marie Jeansson, Alexander Gawlik, Gregory Anderson, Chengjin Li, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Mark Henkelman, Susan E. Quaggin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Angiopoietin-1/Tek signaling is a critical regulator of blood vessel development, with conventional knockout of angiopoietin-1 or Tek in mice being embryonically lethal due to vascular defects. In addition, angiopoietin-1 is thought to be required for the stability of mature vessels. Using a Cre-Lox conditional gene targeting approach, we have studied the role of angiopoietin-1 in embryonic and adult vasculature. We report here that angiopoietin-1 is critical for regulating both the number and diameter of developing vessels but is not required for pericyte recruitment. Cardiac-specific knockout of angiopoietin-1 reproduced the phenotype of the conventional knockout, demonstrating that the early vascular abnormalities arise from flow-dependent defects. Strikingly, deletion in the entire embryo after day E13.5 produced no immediate vascular phenotype. However, when combined with injury or microvascular stress, angiopoietin-1 deficiency resulted in profound organ damage, accelerated angiogenesis, and fibrosis. These findings redefine our understanding of the biological roles of angiopoietin-1: it is dispensable in quiescent vessels but has a powerful ability to modulate the vascular response after injury.