tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Program to Prevent Functional Decline in Physically Frail, Elderly Persons Who Live at Home
Authors: Thomas M. Gill, Dorothy I. Baker, Margaret Gottschalk, Peter N. Peduzzi, Heather Allore, Amy Byers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons is associated with substantial morbidity. It is uncertain whether such functional decline can be prevented.
POINTS FROM LETTERS: Boxing Injuries
Authors: H. Simon
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Endovascular treatment of aneurysms with flow diverters or coiling is sometimes complicated by intraprocedural or postprocedural thrombosis along or within the devices. Thrombus composition and structure associated with such complications may provide insights into mechanisms of thrombus formation and clinical strategies to remove the thrombus. We present a retrospective histopathologic study of 4 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy due to acute occlusion of either implanted flow diverter devices or along coils during the treatment of intracranial aneurysm.
The AP-1 Transcription Factor c-Jun Is Required for Efficient Axonal Regeneration
Authors: Gennadij Raivich, Marion Bohatschek, Clive Da Costa, Osuke Iwata, Matthias Galiano, Maria Hristova, Abdolrahman S Nateri, Milan Makwana, Lluı́s Riera-Sans, David P Wolfer, Hans-Peter Lipp, Adriano Aguzzi, Erwin F Wagner, Axel Behrens
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Patient centredness in the MRCGP video examination: analysis of large cohort
Authors: P. Campion
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The examination for membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners (MRCGP) consists of four modules.The consulting skills module, introduced in 1996, is normally taken by submitting a videotape of seven consultations, selected by the candidate to show "competency" in each of 15 "performance criteria."These criteria are explained in the examination literature and on the college's website. 1 The module is based on a competency model of assessment, which defines outcomes, in a hierarchical framework. 2 The performance criteria (see table) are grouped into five areas: discovering the reason for the patient's attendance, exploring the problem(s), tackling the problem(s), explaining the problem(s), and making effective use of the consultation.
Retroviral vector insertion sites associated with dominant hematopoietic clones mark “stemness” pathways
Authors: Olga S. Kustikova, Hartmut Geiger, Zhixiong Li, Martijn H. Brugman, Stuart M. Chambers, Chad A. Shaw, Karin Pike-Overzet, Dick de Ridder, Frank J. T. Staal, Gottfried von Keudell, Kerstin Cornils, Kalpana Jekumar Nattamai, Ute Modlich, Gerard Wagemaker, Margaret A. Goodell, Boris Fehse, Christopher Baum
Journal: Blood (2006)
Switchable Antimicrobial and Antifouling Hydrogels with Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bin Cao, Qiong Tang, Linlin Li, Jayson Humble, Haiyan Wu, Lingyun Liu, Gang Cheng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

New switchable hydrogels are developed. Under acidic conditions, hydrogels undergo self-cyclization and can catch and kill bacteria. Under neutral/basic conditions, hydrogels undergo ring-opening and can release killed bacterial cells and resist protein adsorption and bacterial attachment. Smart hydrogels also show a dramatically improved mechanical property, which is highly desired for biomedical applications.
Indian doctors criticise health ministry's plan to curb medical "brain drain"
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Sections of India’s medical community have decried a decision by the health ministry to make it obligatory for Indian medical graduates who pursue higher studies in the United States to return to India for at least two years after their studies.

The ministry said last week that it has stopped issuing “No obligation to return to India” certificates required under US visa rules by foreign medical graduates who wish to remain in the United States after study periods lasting up to seven years. It also said that it would provide Indian medical graduates with documents needed for US visa applications only if they pledge through notarised affidavits to return to serve in India for two years.

The decision comes amid longstanding concerns that India is a large exporter of doctors and that most medical graduates from India who …
Studies in dogs on the biphasic nature of the gastric secretory response to hypoglycaemia and other stimuli with special reference to the role of the adrenals: 1 The pattern of the biphasic response and the relation to gastric innervation and to hypoglycaemia
Authors: W. Sircus, C. J. W. Huston, R. M. Preshaw, H. Bassoe, R. A. Harkness
Journal: Gut (1963)

The gastric secretory response of dogs with fundal pouches to insulin hypoglycaemia is biphasic in character, the two secretory peaks being separated by some hours. The first response depends on the intact innervation of the pouch and is attributed to direct vagal action on the parietal cell. Experiments have been made to test the hypothesis that the second peak is due to activation of a pituitary adrenal mechanism. The second phasic response does not depend on the intact innervation of the pouch and does not coincide with the period of hypoglycaemia. No relationship has been established with the second phase and plasma cortisol levels nor is this peak abolished by bilateral adrenalectomy. The second acid secretory response, however, is only evident when acid secretion of the main stomach makes prolonged contact with the antral mucosa; it is abolished by antrectomy. The hypothesis is put forward that the pattern of response following insulin hypoglycaemia after the initial vagal response is attributable to an interaction of acid-inhibiting and acid-stimulating mechanisms of gastric acid secretion mediated through the gastric antrum.
Autonomic Disturbance at Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: S. W. Webb, A. A. J. Adgey, J. F. Pantridge
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Of 74 patients seen within 30 minutes of the onset of acute myocardial infarction 68 (92%) had signs of autonomic imbalance. Excessive vagal activity was evident in 41 (55%) and there was sympathetic overactivity in 27 (36%). The high incidence of sudden death in the acute phase of a coronary attack probably results from the electrical imbalance caused by autonomic disturbance. This disturbance must therefore be taken into account in any prophylactic regimen against the lethal early ventricular dysrhythmias.
Maintenance of antigen specificity by human interleukin-2-dependent T cell lines. Use of antigen-presenting cells and OKT3 antibody in the absence of antigen.
Authors: S J Padula, M K Pollard, E G Lingenheld, R B Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The in vitro growth of T cells obtained from localized anatomic sites of pathology may offer a new approach to the investigation of certain human autoimmune diseases. However, if interleukin-2-dependent T cell cloning is to be useful in helping to elucidate putative pathogenetic antigens in these diseases, the expansion of the small number of T cells obtainable from localized anatomic sites of pathology will often have to be accomplished in the absence of these, as yet undetermined, antigens. At present, it is a generally held belief that antigen-responsive, interleukin-2-dependent T cell lines and clones will lose antigen responsiveness if propagated in the absence of specific antigen. Thus, the use of T cell cloning might be viewed as being of limited usefulness in the investigation of certain human autoimmune diseases. In this report we demonstrate that, when propagated in the absence of antigen, human tetanus toxoid-specific, interleukin-2-dependent T cell lines will indeed lose antigen reactivity. However, if propagated in the absence of antigen but in the presence of antigen-presenting cells, the tetanus toxoid reactivity of a subset of such lines can be maintained. Moreover, the propagation with OKT3 antibody, in addition to antigen-presenting cells, may be even more effective in maintaining antigen reactivity. These results may suggest a new approach to the use of T cell cloning technology in the investigation of certain autoimmune diseases.
Working on the Congolese front line
Authors: B. Breuillac
Journal: BMJ (2009)

For Paul Kanulambi Walelu, dealing with gunshot wounds, open fractures, emergency caesarean sections, peritonitis, and typhoid perforations is all in a day’s work. Or, quite often, all in a night’s work. For as well as working seven days a week, Mr Walelu, an anaesthetic nurse, works every other night, for the medical aid organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres at the busy Rutshuru Hospital in North Kivu, the war-torn province on the eastern border of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

It is Mr Walelu who in October last year helped the British surgeon David Nott in a forequarter amputation on a 16 year old boy who was close to death ( BMJ 2008;337:a2958, 10 Dec, doi:10.1136/bmj.a2958). The boy had previously had an operation to remove the upper part of his arm, but his stump was septic and gangrenous when Dr Nott arrived for a month’s voluntary service at the hospital. …
Is the president's plan dead even before arrival?
Authors: Uwe E Reinhardt
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage, with multiple genetically heterogeneous clones existing in the tumors long before therapeutic intervention. Herein we characterized HGSC evolutionary states using whole-genome sequencing data from 214 samples of 55 HGSC patients in the prospective, longitudinal, multiregion DECIDER study. Comparison of the tissues revealed that site-of-origin samples have 70% more unique clones than the metastatic tumors or ascites. By integrating clonal composition and topology of HGSC tumors we discovered three evolutionary states that represent a continuum from genomically highly variable to stable tumors with significant association to treatment response. The states and their evolutionary trajectories were characterized by unique, targetable pathways, which were validated with RNA-seq data. Our study reveals that genomic heterogeneity is unaffected by the current standard-of-care and pinpoints effective treatment targets for each group. All genomics data are available via an interactive visualization platform for rapid exploration.
The Effect of Introducing Endoscopic Therapy on Surgery and Mortality Rates for Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage A Single Center Analysis of 1,125 Cases
Authors: G M Fullarton, G G Birnie, A MacDonald, W R Murray
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

The introduction of early endoscopic diagnosis has not been associated with a reduction in either surgical intervention or overall mortality for peptic ulcer hemorrhage. Recent studies have suggested that endoscopic therapy can reduce rebleeding rates from peptic ulceration. We report a 2-year experience of the influence of endoscopic heater probe (HP) (Olympus CD 10Z) therapy on the outcome of patients admitted with peptic ulcer hemorrhage. Eight hundred and sixty-two patients admitted with peptic ulcer hemorrhage over a 5-year period (1978/9 and 1983/5) before endoscopic therapy (PRE-HP), and 263 patients admitted with peptic ulcer hemorrhage after introduction of endoscopic therapy (POST-HP: 1986-1988) were assessed. All 1,125 patients were managed by a joint physician/surgeon team. The introduction of HP therapy was associated with a reduction in surgical intervention and overall mortality rates for gastric ulceration from 16% and 8.9% PRE-HP to 7% and 2.6% POST-HP respectively (p less than 0.05). A similar but non-significant trend was noted for duodenal ulceration. The beneficial effects of HP therapy appear to be due to a reduction in the need for surgical hemostasis in patients with an ulcer base visible vessel. Our results suggest that a more widespread use of endoscopic therapy may result in an improved outcome from peptic ulcer hemorrhage.
LEPROT and LEPROTL1 cooperatively decrease hepatic growth hormone action in mice
Authors: Thierry Touvier, Françoise Conte-Auriol, Olivier Briand, Céline Cudejko, Réjane Paumelle, Sandrine Caron, Eric Baugé, Yves Rouillé, Jean-Pierre Salles, Bart Staels, Bernard Bailleul
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Growth hormone (GH) is a major metabolic regulator that functions by stimulating lipolysis, preventing protein catabolism, and decreasing insulin-dependent glucose disposal. Modulation of hepatic sensitivity to GH and the downstream effects on the GH/IGF1 axis are important events in the regulation of metabolism in response to variations in food availability. For example, during periods of reduced nutrient availability, the liver becomes resistant to GH actions. However, the mechanisms controlling hepatic GH resistance are currently unknown. Here, we investigated the role of 2 tetraspanning membrane proteins, leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LEPROT; also known as OB-RGRP) and LEPROT-like 1 (LEPROTL1), in controlling GH sensitivity. Transgenic mice expressing either human LEPROT or human LEPROTL1 displayed growth retardation, reduced plasma IGF1 levels, and impaired hepatic sensitivity to GH, as measured by STAT5 phosphorylation and Socs2 mRNA expression. These phenotypes were accentuated in transgenic mice expressing both proteins. Moreover, gene silencing of either endogenous Leprot or Leprotl1 in H4IIE hepatocytes increased GH signaling and enhanced cell-surface GH receptor. Importantly, we found that both LEPROT and LEPROTL1 expression were regulated in the mouse liver by physiologic and pathologic changes in glucose homeostasis. Together, these data provide evidence that LEPROT and LEPROTL1 influence liver GH signaling and that regulation of the genes encoding these proteins may constitute a molecular link between nutritional signals and GH actions on body growth and metabolism.
Effect of thrombocytopenia on treatment tolerability and outcome in patients with chronic HCV infection and advanced hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Raoel Maan, Adriaan J. van der Meer, Bettina E. Hansen, Jordan J. Feld, Heiner Wedemeyer, Jean-François Dufour, Hooman F. Zangneh, Frank Lammert, Michael P. Manns, Stefan Zeuzem, Harry L.A. Janssen, Robert J. de Knegt, Bart J. Veldt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Editor of Journal of American Medical Association
Authors: A. M. Wilder
Journal: JAMA (1884)

<h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —In your issue of the 11th inst. you were pleased to notice at some length my paper on " Old and New Codes," read at the meeting of the California State Medical Society in April last. I think you have drawn some erroneous conclusions from my proposed plan for the establishment of a " caste" in the profession, and I venture to explain more at length my ideas in this direction. It was far from my thoughts to attempt the formation of an aggressive organization; that partakes too much of legislation methods, which have always proven utter failures in the past and will most certainly continue to do so in the future. There is no doubt of the truth of your statement that " no examination can positively determine a man's fitness to be a practitioner," and " his success in the actual conflict with disease is the only true criterion by
Vastus Lateralis Muscle Biopsy
Authors: Elizabeth S. Gerard
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During the past ten years, the muscle biopsy technique has become a valuable asset to researchers in sports medicine and exercise physiology for examining various properties of skeletal muscle. Somewhat surprisingly, the risks of this procedure have not been well documented, despite the fact that both researchers and institutional review boards have recognized more clearly the importance of establishing the relative safety of such methods. The lack of documentation for muscle biopsy led us, during the course of planning a comprehensive physiological study of athletes, to incorporate a prospective surveillance of the recovery of subjects from vastus lateralis muscle biopsy. Athletes were evaluated for immediate and delayed complications, barriers encountered in training resumption, and duration of recovery periods. Thirty swimmers and nine divers— mean age, 18.7 years—participated in the study. All athletes had participated in the US National Championships of their respective sport, 36% had been national
Investigating doctors' performance can cause problems of consent and confidentiality
Authors: M E Y Capek
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—After pilot schemes were carried out in the north west of England health authorities in England established panels to address poor performance among general practitioners.1 Through experience several important ethical issues have arisen that need to be addressed by the panels, the National Clinical Assessment Authority, and primary care trusts.

The need for obtaining patients' consent is a major issue. Gaining such consent may be difficult when poor performance is discovered in the absence of the patient—for example, when medical …
Effectiveness and safety of diltiazem or lisinopril in treatment of hypertension after heart transplantation Results of a prospective, randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Susan C. Brozena, Maryl R. Johnson, Hector Ventura, Robert Hobbs, Leslie Miller, Maria Teresa Olivari, Barry Clemson, Robert Bourge, Rebecca Quigg, Roger M. Mills, David Naftel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Altruism is a social behavior
Authors: Richard Schuster
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Altruism and cooperation are explained as learned behaviors arising from a pattern of repeated acts whose acquired value outweighs the short-term gains following single acts. But animals and young children, tempted by immediate gains, have difficulty learning behaviors of self-control. An alternative source of reinforcement, shared by animals and humans, arises from social interaction that normally accompanies cooperation and altruism in nature.
The Role of Crying Activity in Apgar Scoring
Authors: Samuel Karelitz
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE APGAR SCORE<sup>1</sup>is designed to determine the physical condition or viability of the newborn 60 seconds after birth, and it has been established that there is a strong association between low scores and neonatal mortality.<sup>1-4</sup>Two of the five segments comprising the score involve crying, and the response sought to one of them (respiratory effort) is a "strong cry" (Table 1). The second sign(reflex irritability) lists "cry" in response to a tangential foot slap. The diagnostic value of the cry alone, reported in previous studies,<sup>5,6M</sup>suggested the potential importance of its role within the Apgar score; thus, it seemed feasible to isolate for study the two segments, respiratory and reflex, in order to determine their relative contribution to the total score. Since Apgar<sup>2</sup>has already mentioned that some of the signs of her test may be more discriminative than others, it was decided to compare each of the signs with the other and with the total score. The cry segments and the total score were also compared with an independent measure of the newborn's crying activity taken from magnetic tape recordings made in the delivery room. In this manner, the "on-the-spot" Apgar evaluation of the cry
Studies in Intracardiac Electrography in Man
Authors: HAROLD D. LEVINE, WALTER T. GOODALE, Eunice Gilman
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Two parallel researches in progress at the Brigham Hospital, one an investigation of intracardiac electrography in general, the other a long-term study of heart muscle metabolism with the aid of the venous catheter, converge, resulting in the interesting practical and theoretical findings reported here. The authors show how the electrogram may help establish the position of the catheter in the coronary venous system and indicate the type of potential variations recorded in the coronary sinus, in its continuation, the great cardiac vein, and in its tributary, the middle cardiac vein.
Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell-Derived Factors from Severe Asthmatics Can Stimulate Local Eosinophilopoetic Responses
Authors: Steven G. Smith, Manali Mukherjee, Anam Irshad, Sophie Plante, Gail M. Gauvreau, Parameswaran K. Nair, Jamila Chakir, Roma Sehmi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Effect of completeness of revascularization on long-term outcome of patients with three-vessel disease undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. A report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry.
Authors: M R Bell, B J Gersh, H V Schaff, D R Holmes, L D Fisher, E L Alderman, W O Myers, L S Parsons, G S Reeder
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Complete revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery is a logical goal and improves symptomatic outcome and survival. However, the impact of complete revascularization in patients with three-vessel coronary disease with varying severities of angina and left ventricular dysfunction has not been clearly defined. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was performed as a retrospective analysis of 3,372 nonrandomized surgical patients from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry who had three-vessel coronary disease. Group 1 (894 patients) had class I or II angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society criteria) and group 2 (2,478 patients) had class III or IV angina. In group 1, adjusted cumulative 4-year survivals according to the number of vessels bypassed were 85% (one vessel), 94% (two vessels), 96% (three vessels), and 96% (more than three vessels) (log rank, p = 0.022). Adjusted event-free survival (death, myocardial infarction, definite angina, or reoperation) was not influenced by the number of vessels bypassed, nor was the anginal status among patients remaining alive after 5 years. In group 2, adjusted cumulative 5-year survivals were 78% (one vessel), 85% (two vessels), 90% (three vessels), and 87% (more than three vessels) (log rank, p = 0.074). Adjusted event-free survivals after 6 years were 23% (one vessel), 23% (two vessels), 29% (three vessels), and 31% (more than three vessels) (p = 0.025); at 5 years, those with more complete revascularization were more likely to be asymptomatic or free of severe angina. Among group 2 patients with ejection fractions less than 0.35, 6-year survival was 69% for those with grafts to three or more vessels versus 45% for those with grafts to two vessels (p = 0.04). Placing grafts to three or more vessels was independently associated with improved survival and event-free survival in group 2 but not group 1 patients. The case-fatality rates among 529 patients experiencing a myocardial infarction during follow-up was significantly higher for patients with less complete revascularization. CONCLUSIONS Complete revascularization (grafts to three or more vessels) in patients with three-vessel coronary disease appears to most benefit those with severe angina and left ventricular dysfunction.