tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Circulation
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE mammalian circulation is ordinarily subjected to an enormous variety of stresses, and an understanding of the manner in which it responds almost instantaneously to rapidly changing conditions constitutes one of the most exciting chapters of contemporary physiology. Such an understanding is also of critical importance to the clinician, because the clinical manifestations of most cardiovascular disorders arise from an impairment of these responses.The primary functions of the heart are to propel unoxygenated blood to the lungs and to deliver oxygenated blood to the peripheral tissues in accord with their metabolic requirements. These requirements vary greatly from moment to . . .
Tattoos and Sarcoidosis
Authors: Lisa K. Torres, Saadia A. Faiz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 29-year-old man presented with an acute onset of right pleuritic chest pain and a 3-month history of dyspnea, cough, and skin lesions. Physical examination revealed crackles in both lungs and multiple nonerythematous papules along the ink lines of a tattoo.
Anti-γ-Globulin Factors in Visceral Larva Migrans
Authors: Carolyn C. Huntley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Sera from 26 of 59 children (1 to 5 years of age) with the visceral larva migrans syndrome were found to agglutinate γ-globulin-coated latex particles in titers of 1:16 to 1:4,096. The anti-γ-globulin factor was present during the acute phase of the disease and disappeared with clinical recovery in most patients. The factor was shown to be associated with the high molecular weight proteins by sucrose gradient centrifugation and Sephadex G 200 fractionation of sera. It is evident that young children do make antibodies which react with γ-globulin so that age alone cannot explain their relatively infrequent occurrence in juvenile rheumatoid disease.
Preprocedural levels of C-reactive protein, postprocedural creatin phosphokinase MB release, and long-term prognosis following coronary stenting: Results from the GENERATION study
Authors: Michael N. Zairis, John A. Ambrose, Olga Papadaki, Paraskevi Psarogianni, Anastassios Lyras, Maria Thoma, Evangelos Tsanis, George Psaltiras, Constantine Fakiolas, Evangelos Pissimissis, Christopher Olympios, Stefanos Foussas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract P1-01-23: Intraoperative optical coherence tomography for the assessment of metastatic disease in human lymph nodes
Authors: M Marjanovic, SG Adie, RM Nolan, EJ Chaney, ND Shemonski, FA South, SJ Erickson-Bhatt, RL Shelton, AJ Bower, DG Simpson, PS Ray, KA Cradock, J Brockenbrough, G Liu, SA Boppart
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The status of lymph nodes is an important factor in staging cancer since the transport of primary cancer cells via the lymphatic system is one of the main pathways of metastasis to distant organs. During cancer surgery, lymph node status is evaluated via sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), which involves the removal and analysis of the first (or sentinel) nodes along the lymphatic chain of nodes draining the primary tumor. The sentinel nodes are identified through the accumulation of a radioactive agent (technetium-99) and/or isosulfan blue dye within the nodes, frequently resulting in the resection of multiple nodes for subsequent, often time-consuming, histopathological analysis. The majority of these resected nodes are found by histological analysis to be normal, leading to unnecessary complications, including increased risk of lymphedema. Thus, a method for the in situ assessment of node status could reduce the number of normal lymph nodes that are resected. In this study we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the intraoperative assessment of metastatic disease in lymph nodes. OCT is the optical analogue to ultrasound imaging, except images are based on the optical scattering properties of near-infrared light. Real-time OCT with micron-scale resolution affords optical biopsies of tissue for immediate feedback. Intraoperative OCT imaging was conducted on human lymph nodes resected from 49 subjects during breast and, head and neck cancer surgeries. Three-dimensional OCT datasets were recorded ex vivo from one or more locations per node, and marked with surgical ink for subsequent correlation to histology. These lymph nodes then underwent the standard histological processing. A double-blinded study was performed comparing the assessment of OCT datasets to the co-registered histological findings. Three-dimensional -OCT datasets from 206 sites were independently analyzed by six observers and classified as cancerous or non-cancerous. Seventy-nine sets were identified as unsuitable for OCT analysis due to insufficient nodal tissue within the imaged field-of-view. Early training classification results from three of the six observers resulted in a sensitivity of 64.8% and a specificity of 73.3% for identifying metastatic lymph nodes intraoperatively, in real-time, compared to the gold standard of post-operative histopathology. Final study results are expected to improve with observer training and a decision tree for interpreting OCT images. Our initial imaging studies of resected lymph nodes in human cancer subjects demonstrate the potential of OCT as a technique for real-time optical biopsy of lymph nodes for the intraoperative staging of cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-01-23.
960 Basal preS2/S-promoter activity and inducibility for hepatitis B virus surface antigen expression is controlled by CREB and PKA
Authors: F TACKE, S BOCKLAGE, C GEHRKE, C KLEIN, M MANNS, C TRAUTWEIN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) transports and modulates the bioavailability of glucocorticoids in blood plasma. It is produced predominantly by the liver, but is also produced in a complex spatial and temporal pattern during development and is regulated hormonally. The rat Cbg promoter (pCbg) has therefore been cloned to allow identification of cis-acting sequence elements that could contribute to its regulation. Five protein-binding sites (P1 to P5) were identified within 236 bp immediately 5′ of the transcription start point by DNase I footprinting with rat liver nuclear extracts. These PI-P5 sites are highly conserved in the human pCbg, and resemble recognition sequences for HNF-1, CP-2, DBP, HNF-3 and C/EBP or NF-1L6, respectively. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays indicted that the P1 element most likely binds HNF-1, and transient transfection assays with luciferase reporter plasmids demonstrated that P1-P5 represent a positive component of rat pCbg activity, whereas additional 5' sequences repressed promoter activity 2–4-fold in H4IIEC3 rat hepatoblastoma cells.
Risk Factors Related to Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in the DCCT/EDIC Cohort and Their Relationship With Nephropathy and Macrovascular Complications
Authors: Maria F. Lopes-Virella, Rickey E. Carter, Gregory E. Gilbert, Richard L. Klein, Miran Jaffa, Alicia J. Jenkins, Timothy J. Lyons, W. Timothy Garvey, Gabriel Virella
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Because endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation are key contributors to the development of complications in type 1 diabetes, we studied risk factors related to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation (C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin, and fibrinolytic markers) in a subgroup of patients from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Intervention and Complications (EDIC) study cohort.We determined which of these risk factors or clusters thereof are associated with the presence of and subsequent development of nephropathy and macrovascular complications (reflected by carotid intima-media thickness [IMT]).After adjustment for conventional risk factors (age, sex, DCCT treatment group, diabetes duration, A1C, systolic blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, total and HDL cholesterol, and smoking status), fibrinogen remained strongly associated with progression of internal and common carotid IMT (P < 0.01) and soluble E-selectin had a strong association with nephropathy (P < 0.01).The best predictor for IMT progression in the DCCT/EDIC cohort was plasma fibrinogen, and the levels of soluble E-selectin discriminate patients with albuminuria better than conventional risk factors.
Providing Research Results to Participants: Attitudes and Needs of Adolescents and Parents of Children With Cancer
Authors: Conrad Vincent Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Davis Pentz, Raymond Carlton Barfield, Justin Nathaniel Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer, Eric Kodish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

There is an increasing demand for researchers to provide research results to participants. Our aim was to define an appropriate process for this, based on needs and attitudes of participants.A multicenter survey in five sites in the United States and Canada was offered to parents of children with cancer and adolescents with cancer. Respondents indicated their preferred mode of communication of research results with respect to implications; timing, provider, and content of the results; reasons for and against providing results; and barriers to providing results.Four hundred nine parents (including 19 of deceased children) and 86 adolescents responded. Most parents (n = 385; 94.2%) felt that they had a strong right to research results. For positive results, most wanted a letter or e-mail summary (n = 238; 58.2%) or a phone call followed by a letter (n = 100; 24.4%). If the results were negative, phone call (n = 136; 33.3%) or personal visits (n = 150; 36.7%) were preferred. Parents wanted the summary to include long-term sequelae and suggestions for participants (n = 341; 83.4%), effect on future treatments (n = 341; 83.4%), and subsequent research steps (n = 284; 69.5%). Understanding the researcher was a main concern about receiving results (n = 145; 35.5%). Parents felt that results provide information to support quality of life (n = 315; 77%) and raise public awareness of research (n = 282; 68.9%). Adolescents identified similar preferences.Parents of children with cancer and adolescents with cancer feel strongly that they have a right to be offered research results and have specific preferences of how and what information should be communicated.
The Safety of Roundup Pesticide
Authors: Thomas J. Hoogheem
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The May 5 issue<sup>1</sup>ofThe Journalcontains inaccurate and misleading information on the toxicological properties of Roundup herbicide (the trade name for the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate). The author has misinterpreted the study by Maibach.<sup>2</sup>The study was done on the entire formulation, not just the active ingredient. The results from this study found that the herbicide did not induce skin irritation, skin sensitization, photoirritation, or photosensitization in human volunteers. In light of these findings, the reports of contact dermatitis in California agricultural workers are highly suspect. Indeed, my investigation into these reports shows that no medical confirmation exists for any of these cases. In regard to the issue of tumors, the Environmental Protection Agency does not consider glyphosate to be a weak oncogen. The Environmental Protection Agency classification for a weak oncogen is class C. Glyphosate is listed as class D: inadequate
Time for category of pharmacist consultation and supply
Authors: J. K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Finch and Garner are rightly concerned that bacterial resistance will increase when drugs such as azithromycin become available over the counter.1 And there is a more general problem about switching a prescription only medicine (PoM) to pharmacy status (P).

Drugs that have switched from PoM to P have traditionally been used in treating minor ailments or injuries, health promotion, or …
Fluticasone propionate, salmeterol xinafoate, and their combination in the treatment of nocturnal asthma.
Authors: E J Weersink, R R Douma, D S Postma, G H Koëter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Inhaled corticosteroids have been shown to effectively reduce large circadian fluctuations in peak expiratory flow (PEF). Salmeterol xinafoate (SLM), a new long-acting beta2-agonist being used in the treatment of nocturnal airway obstruction, has proved to be very effective in this respect as well. However, it is yet unknown whether using SLM alone or in combination with fluticasone propionate (FP) constitutes the best treatment. We studied, in a randomized, double-blind, parallel manner, 46 asthmatics with increased circadian variation in PEF (> or = 15%) for 6 wk to compare FP 250 microg, SLM 50 microg, and a combination of them, all given twice a day. These three treatment protocols were equally effective in improving the generally used clinical outcome parameters, i.e., the circadian variation in PEF and FEV1 and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine (MCh) during the day and at night. FEV1 increased more at 4:00 A.M. than at 4:00 P.M. (FEV1 at both time points > 90% predicted). BHR to MCh improved with at least 1.5 doubling concentrations, thereby reducing the significant nocturnal decline in the SLM and FP group, but not in combination. The improvement in BHR to adenosine 5'monophosphate was greater (p = 0.05) when FP was combined with SLM but not when FP or SLM were used alone. Our data support the clinical view that FP, with its anti-inflammatory capacity, has greater beneficial effects as monotherapy than does SLM. However, this was detectable only by using the "indirect" stimulus adenosine 5'monophosphate, which is more specific in assessing changes in different components of airway wall inflammation than is MCh.
Patient-Partner Satisfaction Levels With the Inflatable Penile Prosthesis-Reply
Authors: Domeena C. Renshaw
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Furlow's letter and his references stress the need for evaluating the partner of a candidate for penile prosthesis.The Journalhas made a contribution by opening its letter columns for continuing dialogue on sensitive, ethical issues of postoperative use and preoperative patient education. In an era of consumerism, these are fine criteria for "standard prosthesis practice." It would be highly regrettable to polarize into a "for or against" posture toward prostheses or sex therapy. Both are new and pioneering modalities in sexual medicine. We share our critical insights to upgrade final adjustments for vulnerable and needy patients. Physicians are on the same side—that of the patient, whose sexual self-esteem includes (1) attaining, (2) seeing, and (3) using an erection, alone or in a partnership. Patients are our textbooks and teach us that day-to-day interpersonal differences that are unresolved by bedtime may form a barrier both to making
RUPTURE OF THE UTERUS DURING LABOR.Read before the Cambridge Society for Medical Improvement, April 23,1894.
Authors: EDMUND SCOTT DOW
Journal: JAMA (1894)

I wish to call your attention to this subject tonight, owing to a case which I saw recently in consultation with a physician who gave me the following history: "Mrs. X., age 33, 4-para, her youngest child being 7 years old. Her previous labors had been normal, never needing even the use of forceps. At different times during the last few years she has been in a hospital for some uterine disease, but has never had an operation, although one was advised for a laceration of the cervix. Her term of pregnancy has been uneventful, except she was said to be subject to faint spells but was able to attend to her family cares and to take out-of-door exercise. The membranes ruptured on a Wednesday night, but labor pains did not start until eight days later at about 7 in the morning. During this past week the waters had continued
Enterohepatic physiology of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Authors: R Kumar, S Nagubandi, V R Mattox, J M Londowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

After intravenous administration of radiolabeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to rats, approximately 25% of the administered radioactivity appeared in the bile within 24 h. Instillation of the biliary radioactivity into the duodena of other rats was followed by recovery of 15% of the radioactivity in newly secreted bile within 24 h. The process by which products of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were excreted in bile was not saturable in the dose range tested (0.275-650 ng). The metabolites of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 present in bile were found to be much more polar than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and were resolved into three fractions on high performance liquid chromatography. 60% of the radioactivity present in bile was retained selectively by DEAE-cellulose; the radioactive material could be eluted from the gel at a low pH or at high salt concentrations. When bile containing the radiolabeled metabolites was incubated at 37 degrees C and pH 5 with beta-glucuronidase, there was an increase in the amount of radioactivity comigrating with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Treatment of the products of radiolabeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in bile with diazomethane, an agent which converts acids into methyl esters, transformed one of the metabolites into a less polar compound. These results demonstrate that there is a quantitatively important enterophepatic circulation of the products of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat.
Obstructive Lung Disease Deaths in the United States from 1979 through 1993
Authors: DAVID M. MANNINO, CLIVE BROWN, GARY A. GIOVINO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We analyzed mortality trends among people who died with a diagnosis of obstructive lung disease from 1979 through 1993, using death certificate reports of 31,314,160 decedents in the Multiple-Cause Mortality Files compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. Of all the decedents, 2,554,959 (8.2%) had a diagnosis of obstructive lung disease (ICD-9 490 to 493.9, 496) listed on their death certificates; of these 2,554,959 decedents, only 1,106,614 (43.3%) had obstructive lung disease listed as the underlying cause of death. The age-adjusted mortality rate increased 47.3%, from 52.6 per 100,000 in 1979 to 77.5 per 100,000 in 1993. The age-adjusted mortality rate increased 17.1% among men, from 96.3% per 100,000 in 1979 to 112.8 per 100,000 in 1993, whereas this rate increased 126.1% among women, from 24.5 per 100,000 in 1979 to 55.4 per 100,000 in 1993. Over the study period, white males had the highest mortality rates (98.8 to 115.5 per 100,000), followed by black males (77.5 to 100.2 per 100,000), males of other races (38.1 to 58.6 per 100,000), white females (25.5 to 57.7 per 100,000), black females (14.9 to 38.5 per 100,000), and females of other races (10.9 to 20.9 per 100,000). We conclude that mortality related to obstructive lung disease is under-estimated in studies that look at only the underlying cause of death. Mortality rates of obstructive lung disease are starting to stabilize among men, but continue to increase among women, reflecting historical smoking trends in these populations.
Weightings used in distributing NHS resources.
Authors: S. Singleton, P. Tiplady, B. Kirkup
Journal: BMJ (1992)

in communicable disease control.The control of major outbreaks has many similarities to the control of chemical incidents.There is often a similar sense of urgency and public alarm.Also, consultants in communicable disease control still often act as advisers on environmental health and toxicological issues to local authorities.These consultants should participate in planning for, and controlling, major releases of chemicals.Improving training in this subject for consultants in communicable disease control should be a high priority.
Computed Tomography Findings Predicting Invasiveness of Thymoma
Authors: Edith M. Marom, Miguel A. Milito, Cesar A. Moran, Ping Liu, Arlene M. Correa, Edward S. Kim, Ritsuko Komaki, Jeremy J. Erasmus, Wayne L. Hofstetter, David C. Rice, Stephen G. Swisher
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
CONVULSIVE SEIZURES DUE TO A GENERAL RISE OF INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
Authors: WALTER M. KRAUS
Journal: JAMA (1928)

On first analysis, it might be assumed that an increase of intracranial pressure is in itself an adequate cause of convulsions. A more careful consideration leads to the opposite opinion. The increase of pressure may be demonstrated on lumbar puncture by simple observation of increased pressure, or by a manometric estimation. The latter is, of course, the more accurate of the two methods. Choked disks are usually certain evidence of increased intracranial pressure. However, in some cases of epidemic encephalitis, choked disks are found which may not be associated with a rise in pressure parallel to the appearance of the disks. The choking in these cases is probably due to blocking of the pia-arachnoidal sheaths of the nerves themselves. The other signs said to indicate increased intracranial pressure, such as bradycardia, headache, nausea, vomiting and cranial nerve paralysis, are not certain evidence. Examination of the skull by the roentgen ray