tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relatives of people who die from sudden cardiac death are at increased risk of CVD
Authors: L. Anekwe
Journal: BMJ (2012)

First degree relatives of young people who die suddenly from cardiovascular disease are at increased risk of heart problems, a study has found. Relatives under 35 years are at the greatest risk and should be offered comprehensive screening, suggest the researchers.

Danish researchers looked at information from a purpose built database of deaths in young Danes and at Danish national health and population registers …
Influence of diltiazem on bronchoconstriction induced by cold air breathing during exercise.
Authors: H Magnussen, V Hartmann, G Reuss
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Since the calcium antagonists nifedipine and verapamil have been shown to diminish exercise induced asthma, the effect of oral diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker not previously investigated in this context, was studied. Ten patients with bronchial asthma were given 60 mg diltiazem or placebo four hours before the challenge in a double blind, randomised, crossover fashion. Exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer while the subjects were breathing cold air, resulting in a respiratory heat exchange which was similar at the two study sessions. FEV1 and specific conductance (sGaw) were recorded before and three, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after the challenge. No significant differences were found between placebo and diltiazem days in the fall of FEV1 or sGaw after exercise. Thus unlike other calcium antagonists diltiazem, in a dose of 60 mg given orally four hours before exercise, failed to protect against exercise induced asthma.
Mechanisms of pollution‐induced airway disease: <i>in vivo</i> studies
Authors: D. B. PEDEN
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Peden DB. Mechanisms of pollution‐induced airway disease: in vivo studies. Several studies have investigated the effects of ozone, sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) on lung function in normal and asthmatic subjects. Decreased lung function has been observed with ozone levels as low as 0.15 ppm ‐ this effect is concentration dependent and is exacerbated by exercise. A number of lines of evidence suggest that the effect on lung function is mediated, at least in part, by neural mechanisms. In both normals and asthmatics, ozone has been shown to induce neutrophilic inflammation, with increased levels of several inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin E 2 . However, in normal subjects, none of the markers of inflammation correlate with changes in lung function. The lung function changes in asthmatics may be associated with inflammatory effects; alternatively, ozone may prime the airways for an increased response to subsequently inhaled allergen. Indeed, an influx of both polymorphonucleocytes and eosinophils has been observed in asthmatic patients after ozone exposure. It has been suggested that the effect of ozone on classic allergen‐induced bronchoconstriction may be more significant than any direct effect of this pollutant in asthmatics. SO 2 does not appear to affect lung function in normal subjects, but may induce bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. Nasal breathing, whlch is often impaired in asthmatics, reduces the pulmonary effects of SO 2 , since this water‐soluble gas is absorbed by the nasal mucosa. NO 2 may also influence lung function in asthmatics, but further research is warranted. SO 2 and NO 2 alone do not seem to have a priming effect in asthmatics, but a combination of these two gases has resulted in a heightened sensitivity to subsequently inhaled allergen.
Responses of porcine epicardial venules to neurohumoral substances
Authors: F. W Sellke, H. B. Dai
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The coronary microvenous system may be determinant of ventricular distensibility and of resistance to coronary flow under conditions of arteriolar dilatation. Because responses of venules have not been well defined, in vitro responses of porcine venules and arterioles to neurohumoral substances were examined. Methods: Porcine subepicardial venules (125-250 μm in diameter) and arterioles (100-200 μm in diameter) were studied in a pressurised no flow state with video microscopical imaging and electronic dimension analysis. After precontraction of vessels with the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619, agents were applied extraluminally. Results: Responses of precontracted venules to sodium nitroprusside, adenosine, and adenosine 5' diphosphate (ADP) were comparable with those of similarly sized arterioles. By contrast, precontracted venules responded minimally to noradrenaline, whereas arterioles were dilated potently by this agent. Precontracted arterioles were dilated minimally by serotonin and were contracted slightly by acetylcholine, whereas venules dilated in response to either serotonin or acetylcholine. Serotonin and acetylcholine both produced greater contraction in non-precontracted arterioles than in non-precontracted venules. Responses of venules to most substances were minimally affected by changes in oxygen tension except when this was very low. Relaxation of venules by ADP, serotonin, and acetylcholine were all inhibited to varying degrees by indomethacin, methylene blue, and NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Both methylene blue and L-NMMA produced minimal but significant contraction of non-precontracted venules, indicating a small amount of basal release of endothelium derived relaxing factor. Conclusion: Responses of coronary venules to acetylcholine, serotonin, and noradrenaline are opposite or of a significantly different magnitude when compared with the respective arteriolar responses. Relaxation of venules to ADP, serotonin, and acetylcholine is likely mediated at least in part by the release of endothelium derived relaxing factor and prostaglandins. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1326-1332
Flares in Patients with Systemic Lupus erythematosus Are Associated with Daily Psychological Stress
Authors: Cornelius R. Pawlak, Torsten Witte, Hans Heiken, Matthias Hundt, Jörg Schubert, Birgitt Wiese, Annette Bischoff-Renken, Katrin Gerber, Birgit Licht, Marion U. Goebel, Cobi J. Heijnen, Reinhold E. Schmidt, Manfred Schedlowski
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. Clinical observations and a small number of studies performed so far suggest an association between psychological stress and self-reported symptoms of SLE patients. This longitudinal study was designed to investigate whether daily psychological stress is associated with flares in SLE patients, measured by clinical and laboratory parameters. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Female SLE patients (n = 41) were followed over a period of six months. Daily stress was monitored by a hand-held PC diary programmed with 44 items based on standardized measures and clinical experience. Once every four weeks patients visited the outpatient clinic for medical evaluation. Disease activity was evaluated using the European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM), laboratory parameters, and intake of steroids. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Classification and regression tree (CART) patient-wise analyses revealed that SLE patients with vs. without flares using complement and ECLAM as activity measures show greater negative self-ratings in mood, and social duties (p &lt; 0.01). In addition, mixed model analysis of variance showed that daily hassles with social relationships were significantly associated with flares in SLE measured by an increase in steroid medication &gt;5mg/d (p &lt; 0.01). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; These results suggest that psychological stress is associated with flares in SLE. Particularly daily stress with social relationships and social duties may be factors to be related to the course of disease activity in SLE.
DIFFERENTIATION OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI WITH A COMMON R ANTIGEN INTO THREE SEROLOGICAL TYPES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE BACTERICIDAL TEST
Authors: Rebecca C. Lancefield
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

In further study of streptococci having the R antigen, the bactericidal test has been used instead of the mouse protection test in investigating the type-specific M antigens of these organisms. The results have been confirmed by M anti-M precipitin tests, and a correlation between the M and T antigens of the strains has been shown. On the basis of a specific M antigen, type 28 has been shown to comprise Griffith's strain Small and four other R-containing strains. A number of other strains previously thought to belong to type 28 on the basis of R antigen reactions have now been identified as belonging either to type 2 or to a new type, designated 48, which shows a one-way cross-relationship to type 13. The bactericidal test is suggested as a useful method for assessing M antigen in group A streptococci and for establishing type-specificity by means of a biological test which is more widely applicable than the standard mouse protection test.
MENSTRUAL PERIODICITY IN YOUNG P.E. STUDENTS
Authors: H. Thomason, D. Holstead
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

In a study involving women physical education students and non-physical education students, Rougier and Liquette (1962) could establish no physical difference in the characteristics of the menstrual periods of both groups. Agreement with this work was expressed by Mean and von Neiderhaeusern (1966), except that more abnormal menstruations were found in sporting women. Klaus and Schubert (1961) observed that the appearance of dysmenorrhea and anomalies of the menstrual period were present during hard physical training. In this study menstrual periodicity, blood flow time and the incidence of dysmenorrhea were investigated using women undergoing a three year course of physical education. Group A, Experimental Population — students undergoing a three year physical education course, n = 28. Group B, Control Population — students undergoing a three year non-physical education course, n = 15. Data collected over the three years of the investigation was subjected to detailed statistical analysis. No significance could be demonstrated between the two groups in respect of menstrual cycle time. However, group means and standard deviations of both groups after the first six months course work are interesting: [Table: see text] Significant differences were demonstrated between the groups in respect of blood flow time. (P ≥ 0.05) The incidence of dysmenorrhea was significantly different with Group A in respect of physical work load and significantly different between groups. (P ≥ 0.05) These findings agree with those of Rougier and Liquette (1962) in that no significant difference could be established between the two groups in respect of mean periodicity and with Mean and von Neiderhaeusern (1966) that abnormal menstrual periodicity was found in some sporting women. The incidence of dysmenorrhea was similar to that seen by Klaus and Schubert (1961) in that dysmenorrhea was present during hard physical training in some women.
Hemophiliacs At Summer Camp
Authors: Anthony F. H. Britten
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Hemophilia is a lifelong disorder comprising recurrent unpleasant tissue hemorrhages; joints and muscles are the regions most commonly affected. Pain may be severe. Disruption of schooling, employment, and social life may be as crippling<sup>1,2</sup>as the damaging orthopedic complications.<sub>3</sub>The danger of hemorrhage from minor trauma and the constant fear of tragedy cause many hemophiliacs and their families to resort to extreme caution at all times. This defensive style compounds the psychosocial crippling which characterizes the worst effects of this disease. A resident summer camp can offer many facilities not normally available to these boys—outdoor life and physical activity, beneficial andenjoyable recreational and social experiences, and exploration of their personal capabilities. In addition, it can provide a setting for constant on-the-spot medical care and followup, more effective than what is possible at home. As a pilot study of the feasibility of this idea, 15
Effect of Acute Psychotic Stress in Nondiabetic Subjects on β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Eli Shiloah, Shula Witz, Yehuda Abramovitch, Ohad Cohen, Andreas Buchs, Yoram Ramot, Mordechai Weiss, Abraham Unger, Micha J. Rapoport
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To determine the effect of acute psychotic stress on glucose homeostasis in nondiabetic subjects.Beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity were determined by the homeostasis model assessment in 39 nondiabetic patients with acute psychotic stress reaction admitted to a psychiatric ward. The clinical global impression (CGI) score was used to evaluate the level of psychological stress. Patients were assessed on admission, after 2 weeks, before discharge, and 6 months after discharge.The mean CGI score decreased significantly with time: 5.3 +/- 0.8 and 1.6 +/- 0.7 on admission and predischarge, respectively (P < 0.001). This was associated with a significant reciprocal increase of mean beta-cell function from 96.8 +/- 33.2 to 134.4 +/- 60% at admission and postdischarge, respectively (P < 0.003), and a decrease of mean insulin sensitivity from 101.7 +/- 36 to 77.1 +/- 34.8% (P < 0.001). In contrast, mean glucose and HbA(1c) levels did not change significantly. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with the highest stress score on admission (> or =6) had significantly higher glucose (P = 0.01) and insulin levels (P = 0.04) than patients with lower score (<6). Furthermore, insulin sensitivity and CGI score on admission were inversely correlated (r = -0.38, P < 0.02). In these patients, no correlation was found between beta-cell function or insulin sensitivity and BMI.These data indicate that beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity are inversely correlated with acute psychotic stress.
Did the US boycott of French products spread to include scientific output?
Authors: Bernard Bégaud, Hélène Verdoux
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Participants, methods, and resultsThe research priorities outlined for developing countries in the Global Forum for Health Research's report for 2000 are child health and nutrition (including diarrhoea, pneumonia, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, other vaccine preventable diseases, and malnutrition); maternal and reproductive health (including mortality, nutrition, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, and family planning); non-communicable diseases (including cardiovascular diseases, mental illness, and disorders of the nervous system); injuries; and health systems and health policy research. 1 We compared these research priorities with the content in four leading medical journals: Lancet, BMJ, New England Journal of Medicine, and JAMA.A single observer, from a developing country, systematically reviewed all the articles published in these journals during January 2002 and January 2003 for relevancedefined as concordance with the Global Forum's priorities-to developing countries.In January 2002, 17 issues of these journals were published, containing 784 articles, of which 135 (17%) were relevant to research priorities of developing countries.In January 2003, a similar number of issues contained 725 articles, of which 104 (14%) were relevant.However, the data show important transatlantic differences.The Lancet and BMJ had better coverage, with 102/461 (22%) and 110/515 (21%) of articles relevant to developing countries compared with 17/318 (5%) and 10/215 (5%) of articles published in JAMA and the New England Journal of Medicine.The difference between UK and US journals was significant ( 2 = 71.74,P < 0.001).The table shows detailed information on various types of articles, showing that the transatlantic divide in original research articles is even more pronounced than that for total content.
10-year follow-up after interferon-? therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Daryl T. Lau, David E. Kleiner, Marc G. Ghany, Yoon Park, Peter Schmid, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Sustained responses to interferon-α occur in 10% to 25% of patients with chronic hepatitis C, but the long-term outcome is not well defined. We evaluated the long-term clinical, histological, and virological outcomes of 10 patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated between 1984 and 1987 with interferon-α-2b for 52 ± 6 weeks (total doses of 492 ± 116 MU). Before therapy, all 10 had hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, elevations of serum aminotransferases, and chronic hepatitis with fibrosis on liver biopsy. Clinical follow up was 6 to 13 years, and liver biopsies were done 5 to 11 years after initiation of therapy. HCV RNA was assayed by qualitative and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. Among 5 patients who had a 6-month sustained response after therapy, all remained HCV RNA negative, and at last follow-up, 4 had normal and 1 minimally elevated serum aminotransferase levels. Liver biopsy specimens were nonreactive for HCV RNA, and all the patients showed improvements in both inflammation and fibrosis and were either normal or had mild, nonspecific inflammatory changes. Among 5 patients without a sustained response, all continued to have HCV RNA in serum and persistent or intermittent aminotransferase elevations. Liver biopsy specimens showed little or no change in necrosis and inflammation; all except 1 patient had progression of fibrosis scores or cirrhosis. All 5 patients had symptoms of chronic hepatitis, 1 underwent liver transplantation, and another had progressive hepatic decompensation. In conclusion, patients with a 6-month posttreatment virological response have a favorable long-term clinical and histological outcome.
THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GASTRIC ULCER
Authors: B. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1919)

TREATMENT OF are read, or if thje diagnoses made in the out patient medical clinics are, reviewed, it will be found that there isa CHRONIC GASTRIC ULCER.-~~generalagreement that gastric ulceration occurs frequently, BY ~~~~~~and that its symptoms are of a kind hardly admitting of BY ~~~~~~~doubt or diffic.ilty in diagnosis.I hiave speDt a great deal SIn BERKELEY MlOYNIHAN, K.C.NI.G., C.B., F.R.C.S., of time in readinag almost everythiing to whichl I could SURGEON, LEEDS GENERAL INFIRtMARY, obtain access that has been written about gastr-ic ulcer, F[With Special Plate
Method of Preventing Insulin Atrophy
Authors: J. G. Fox, R. B. McConnell, H. S. Pemberton, D. C. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1953)

POISONING BRrRNsHIn the present case the rapid development of the fibrous stricture of the pyloric antrum and the pyloric stenosis can be seen by comparison of the two barium-meal examina- tions done 16 days apart.This clearly excludes a congenital abnormality. SummaryA case of pyloric stenosis and fibrous stricture of the pyloric antrum developing in under two months in a child after swallowing compound ferrous sulphate tablets is described.Death was due to acute suppurative peritonitis following jejunostomy.The literature on ferrous sulphate poisoning and fibrous stricture of the stomach due to the ingestion of corrosive poisons is briefly reviewed.My thanks are due to the physicians and surgeons under whose care the patient was at Hammersmith and Margate Hospitals for permission to publish the case, to Dr. J. Duncan White and Dr. J. P. Thierens for permission to use the radiographs, to Dr. Keith Simpson for his necropsy report, and to Mr.
CURE OF INTERNAL HEMORRHOIDS.
Authors: JAMES A. GARDNER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Undoubtedly there have been sufficient schemes advanced to cure internal hemorrhoids to rival in number the so-called cures of cancer. The trouble is so annoying and painful that the poor sufferer, trying each, turns from one to another and finally throws all aside as useless. The treatment of internal hemorrhoids divides itself into two classes, medical and surgical.  As regards the medical treatment, as a rule the patient has taken his druggist's advice and used all the different cures he has in stock, and finding no relief here he goes through the list advertised in the newspaper. He then turns to the physician. By this time the pathologic condition is such that the soothing ointment of his doctor does but little good. In the majority of cases, if the patient presented himself during the earlier stages, proper application of ichthyol would reduce the inflammation and effect a cure. Most remedies
Abstract B38: Cellular uptake of exogenous Arf6 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Syeda Afroze, M. Nasir Uddin, Xiaobo Cao, Dawit Gizachew
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The two isoforms of the Small GTP binding proteins of the ADP riboyslation factor (Arf1 and Arf6), which are involved in membrane trafficking events are extensively studied. As with most members of the ras superfamily, Arf proteins cycle between a GTP-bound and a GDP-bound form. This cycle is regulated by two groups of proteins: GEFs, which facilitate the exchange of GDP for GTP, and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), which promote the hydrolysis of bound GTP. Arf1 and Arf6 have distinct cellular functions despite sharing approximately 70% sequence identity. Arf1 regulates the recruitment of vesicle coat polymers, including COPI, to the Golgi apparatus. In contrast, Arf6 is located at the plasma membrane and implicated in endocytotic pathways and vesicle trafficking [1–3]. Recent studies, using mice injected with invasive melanoma cell lines (LOX) that express a dominantly inhibitory Arf6, have shown that Arf6 is an important regulator of tumor growth and metastasis [4]. Our goal is to study is the internalization of exogenous Arf6 and its effect on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in order to explore Arf6 as a therapeutic agent. Methods and Results: MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were incubated for 24 h with either purified Arf6-GTPγS (GTPγS is the nonhydorlysable form of GTP) or Arf6-GDP at various concentrations (60–500 nM) at 37°C and 4°C and the internalization of the proteins were evaluated using western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy. Both forms of Arf6 proteins were significantly internalized in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the internalized proteins inhibited cell invasion, migration and proliferation when compared to PBS (vehicle)-treated cells (p°C and 4°C, internalization mechanisms other than endocytosis must have been involved. We have also observed the internalization of Arf6 in colon and lung cancer cells at 37°C. Conclusions and Perspectives: Our findings show that when MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells are incubated with either Arf6-GTPγS or Arf6-GDP in the cell culture media, the proteins are internalized at both 37°C and 4°C. Though further studies are required in order to understand the internalization mechanisms of Arf6, it is known that direct membrane translocation of some peptides including TAT protein is observed in several cell types treated at 4°C. Arf6 is more basic protein (pls in the range of 8.5–9.5) than Arf1 (pls in the range of 6.0–7.0), which might explain why Arf6 is internalized, but not Arf1. The inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion of the cells might have been induced by defective Arf6 cycling due to the internalized Arf6, which indicates the potential to exploit Arf6 as therapeutic agent for cancer. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B38
Presynaptic Regulation of Astroglial Excitatory Neurotransmitter Transporter GLT1
Authors: Yongjie Yang, Oguz Gozen, Andrew Watkins, Ileana Lorenzini, Angelo Lepore, Yuanzheng Gao, Svetlana Vidensky, Jean Brennan, David Poulsen, Jeong Won Park, Noo Li Jeon, Michael B. Robinson, Jeffrey D. Rothstein
Journal: Neuron (2009)