tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diminished experience-dependent neuroanatomical plasticity: evidence for an improved biomarker of subtle neurotoxic damage to the developing rat brain.
Authors: Christopher S Wallace, Jonathon Reitzenstein, Ginger S Withers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Millions of children are exposed to low levels of environmental neurotoxicants as their brains are developing. Conventional laboratory methods of neurotoxicology can detect maldevelopment of brain structure but are not designed to detect maldevelopment of the brain's capacity for plasticity that could impair learning throughout life. The environmental complexity (EC) paradigm has become classic for demonstrating the modifications in brain structure that occur in response to experience and thus provides a set of indices for plasticity in the healthy brain. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that if degradation of experience-dependent cortical plasticity is used as a biomarker, then developmental neurotoxic effects will be detected at doses below those that alter cortical morphogenesis overtly. Pregnant Long-Evans hooded rats received a single injection of either saline vehicle or 1, 5, 10, or 25 mg/kg of the well-characterized developmental neurotoxicant methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) on the 16th or 17th day of gestation. On postnatal days 35-39, male offspring were assigned to either a complex environment (EC) or an individual cage (IC) for 28 days to stimulate neuroanatomical plasticity. This response was measured as the difference between the thickness of visual cortex of IC and EC littermates at a given dose. The threshold dose for significant reduction of cortical thickness was 25 mg/kg, but the threshold dose for failure of plasticity was much lower and could be detected at 1 mg/kg, the lowest dose used. No other method of assessment has detected lasting effects of prenatal exposure to MAM at such a low dose. These data suggest that this simple test of plasticity could be an efficient way to detect subtle neurotoxic damage to the developing brain.
Is there still a place for myeloablative regimen to transplant young adults with sickle cell disease?
Authors: Mathieu Kuentz, Marie Robin, Nathalie Dhedin, Yosr Hicheri, Regis Peffault de Latour, Pierre Rohrlich, Pierre Bordigoni, Bénédicte Bruno, Gérard Socié, Françoise Bernaudin
Journal: Blood (2011)
Remarks ON MYASTHENIA AND OPHTHALMOPLEGIA
Authors: W. R. Gowers
Journal: BMJ (1902)

THE mysterious malady commonly called "myasthenia," or " myasthenia gravis," is a rare disease, the special characters of which have only been discerned during recent years.Indeed, it is still not known, even by name, to many members of the profession.It is met with chiefly in the first half of adult life, and is characterized by general feebleness of the muscles, and also by their quick exhaustion on use, and the quick renewal by rest of what power they possess.The same feature is often, but is not always.conspicuous when the muscles are stimulated by electricity, the effect of a tetanizing faradic current of given strength soon, as a rule, ceases, but returns after a brief rest.This weakness is not attended by definite wasting, or loss of electrical excitability.Although general, it is especially marked in the lips, palate, pharynx, and often in the muscles of mastication, and in those of the eyeball.The " bulbar " weakness, indeed, first attracted
Differences in Gene Expression Profiles of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegic Arrest
Authors: Pierre Voisine, Marc Ruel, Tanveer A. Khan, Cesario Bianchi, Shu-Hua Xu, Isaac Kohane, Towia A. Libermann, Hasan Otu, Alan R. Saltiel, Frank W. Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for early postoperative mortality and complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We sought to compare the cardiac gene expression responses to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest (C) in patients with and without diabetes.Twenty atrial myocardium samples were harvested from 5 type II insulin-dependent diabetic and 5 matched nondiabetic patients undergoing CABG, before and after CPB/C. Oligonucleotide microarray analyses of 12625 genes were performed on the 10 sample pairs using matched pre-CPB tissues as controls. Array results were validated with Northern blotting and immunoblotting. Compared with pre-CPB/C, post-CPB/C myocardial tissues revealed 851 upregulated and 480 downregulated genes with a threshold P< or =0.025 (signal-to-noise ratio, 4.04) in the diabetic group, compared with 480 upregulated and 626 downregulated genes (signal-to-noise ratio, 3.04) in the nondiabetic group (P<0.001). There were 18 genes that were upregulated >4-fold in diabetic and nondiabetic patients (including inflammatory/transcription activators FOS, CYR 61, and IL-6, apoptotic gene NR4A1, stress gene DUSP1, and glucose-transporter gene SLC2A3). However, 28 genes showed such marked upregulation in the diabetic group exclusively (including inflammatory/transcription activators MYC, IL8, IL-1beta, growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor, amphiregulin, and glucose metabolism-involved gene insulin receptor substrate 1), and 27 genes in the nondiabetic group only, including glycogen-binding subunit PPP1R3C.Gene expression profile after CPB/C is quantitatively and qualitatively different in patients with diabetes. These results have important implications for the design of tailored myocardial protection and operative strategies for diabetic patients undergoing CPB/C.
TETANY AND THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PARATHYROIDS
Authors: D. N. Paton, L. Findlay
Journal: BMJ (1917)

r Tnz DRITISE 575 whlilst -tlhe base, or point of attaclhment to the parent stem, remains fixed.In otlher cases slhort lateral buds retain their relative position to the parent stem, itself exlhibiting unfettered rotatory movements.The accuracy of these observations is confirmed in Clhart 9 of warm stage studies. CONCLUSIONS.It has, of course, long been recognized that changes in the cultural environment of bacteria may sometimes be followed by corresponding morplhological adaptations.By many students such changes in form have been sum-
Poisoning with antidepressants.
Authors: H Kopera, H Schenk
Journal: BMJ (1977)

two separate analyses2 3 we concluded that from 1956 to 1973 age-specific mortality from ischaemic heart disease increased in both sexes, but the increase was greater in women than in men, except in age groups above 55 years, and in young men this increase was less marked during the 1960s than it was in earlier years.The reasons for the different conclusions arise from the inclusion by Clayton et al of deaths due to hypertensive disease in their analyses of ischaemic heart disease trends.It is not, however, clear why they did this.With the introduction of effective treatment for hypertension there are reasonable grounds for believing that the reduction in mortality from hypertensive disease in recent years is real and not simply due to transfer of cases from hypertensive categories into ischaemic heart disease categories.4If such transfer did occur one would expect it to have affected men and women to the same extent, but this did not happen.If deaths attributable to hypertensive disease are excluded from analyses of ischaemic heart disease trends the conclusions of Clayton et al are consistent with ours and together they indicate the need to explain the recent increase in ischaemic heart disease among women.
1056-142 Investigation of myocardial-gated SPECT imaging as an initial strategy in heart failure: The IMAGING in heart failure study
Authors: Prem Soman, A Lahiri, J Mieres, D Calnon, D Wolinsky, G.A Beller, T Sias, K Burnham, L Conway, P mcCullough, E Daher, M.N Walsh, J Wight, G.V Heller, J.E Udelson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Qualitative research and evidence based medicine
Authors: J. Green, N. Britten
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Qualitative research may seem unscientific and anecdotal to many medical scientists. However, as the critics of evidence based medicine are quick to point out, medicine itself is more than the application of scientific rules.1 Clinical experience, based on personal observation, reflection, and judgment, is also needed to translate scientific results into treatment of individual patients.2 Personal experience is often characterised as being anecdotal, ungeneralisable, and a poor basis for making scientific decisions. However, it is often a more powerful persuader than scientific publication in changing clinical practice,3-5 as illustrated by the occasional series “A patient who changed my practice” in the BMJ. 6

In an attempt to widen the scope of evidence based medicine, recent workshops have included units on other subjects, including economic analysis and qualitative research.7 However, to do so is to move beyond the discipline of clinical epidemiology that underpins evidence based medicine. Qualitative research, in particular, addresses research questions that are different from those considered by clinical epidemiology. Qualitative research can investigate practitioners' and patients' attitudes, beliefs, and preferences, and the whole question of how evidence is turned into practice. The value of qualitative methods lies in their ability to pursue systematically the kinds of research questions that are not easily answerable by experimental methods.

We use the example of asthma treatment to illustrate how qualitative methods can broaden the scope of evidence based medicine. Although there is consensus over evidence based practice in the treatment of asthma,8 questions remain about general practitioners' use of clinical guidelines and patients' use of prescribed medication.9

#### Summary points

Qualitative methods can help bridge the gap between scientific evidence and clinical practice …
Double Gastric Ulcer with Perforation and Haemorrhage
Authors: M. Kaye
Journal: BMJ (1946)

A case of subacromial dislocation of the humerus is described in which, contrary to the usual finding, both clinical and radiological diagnosis presented no difficulty.Kocher's method was used to reduce the deformity, and a good functional result was obtained.It was suggested that osteo-arthritic changes may have been an aetiological factor in this case.The condition should be borne in mind in cases of injury to the shoulder in which radiological examination appears to be negative.I wish to thank Mr. M. R.
HYPOPROTHROMBINEMIA DUE TO PROPYLTHIOURACIL THERAPY
Authors: Raphael H. Greenstein
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Thiouracil therapy of thyrotoxicosis has been well established for a number of years. Tapazole (Methimazole) and propylthiouracil are the two drugs in this group that have been extensively used. A number of toxicity reactions to these drugs are well known to the medical profession. However, purpura caused by severe hypoprothrombinemia due to propylthiouracil therapy in a rare complication and is not well known to physicians. There are apparently only two previous cases of this form of toxicity reported in the literature in the United States. Craddock and others 1 reported in 1951 a case of a 16-year-old girl who developed a severe bleeding diathesis while being treated with propylthiouracil. A low prothrombin time was the only abnormality noted. Mirrer 2 in 1955 reported a second case in a 43-year-old woman who had been on propylthiouracil therapy for about six months.  A 33-year-old woman had been under continuous medical observation since
Assessment of Renal Flow and Flow Reserve in Humans
Authors: Ganesh Manoharan, Nico H.J. Pijls, Norbert Lameire, Katia Verhamme, Guy R. Heyndrickx, Emanuele Barbato, William Wijns, Juraj Madaric, Xanden Tielbeele, Jozef Bartunek, Bernard De Bruyne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
The Medicalization of Society: On the Transformation of Human Conditions Into Treatable Disorders
Authors: A. Mark Clarfield
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eosinophil SNAREs are critical components for eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) release and are associated with the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) regulator, Munc18c
Authors: M.R. Logan, S.O. Odemuyiwa, P. Lacy, R. Moqbel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
PRETREATMENT OF AUTOLOGUS MARROW-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS WITH PIOGLITAZONE IMPROVED THE EFFICACY OF TRANSPLANTATION ON CARDIAC FUNCTION IN BEAGLE
Authors: Kiyokazu Kokaji, Shunichiro Miyoshi, Tatsuo Takahashi, Kazuma Okamoto, Takehiro Kimura, Masahito Munakata, Kohei Inagawa, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Naoko Hida, Hikaru Tsuruta, Osamu Ishida, Satoshi Ogawa, Akihiro Umezawa, Ryohei Yozu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Isolation of chromosome 21–specific yeast artificial chromosomes from a total human genome library
Authors: I.M. Chumakov, I. Le Gall, A. Billault, P. Ougen, P. Soularue, S. Guillou, P. Rigault, H. Bui, M.-F. De Tand, E. Barillot, H. Abderrahim, D. Cherif, R. Berger, D. Le Paslier, D. Cohen
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
HEPATIC COMPLICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS
Authors: GERSON R. BISKIND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Excerpt Patients undergoing routine antisyphilitic therapy occasionally develop hepatic disturbances. The liver of the individual with syphilis may be damaged by the disease or by untoward effects of antisyphilitic remedies, or by a combination of both. Latent disease of the liver may also be found in certain patients undergoing specific treatment, in whom the usual methods of clinical examination fail to reveal these pathologic processes. The clinical recognition of the acute phases of hepatic disease offers little difficulty. After the subsidence of the acute process, however, the determination of the exact status of the liver requires careful study. ROSE BENGAL LIVER
Spain to charge elderly for drugs
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Spanish pensioners will have to pay for prescription drugs for the first time under government plans to curb the country's spiralling drugs budget.

Spain's minister of health, Celia Villalobos, announced last week that her government was going to introduce a “drugs co-payment system” by which pensioners, who currently receive prescription drugs free, will have to pay for drugs according to their incomes.

Ms Villalobos said: “It is neither fair nor reasonable that someone who is unemployed or a worker with three or four children …
Differentiation of Malignant B-Lymphoma Cells from Normal and Activated T-Cell Populations by Their Intrinsic Autofluorescence
Authors: Seth M. Pantanelli, Zhuqing Li, Robert Fariss, Sankaranarayana P. Mahesh, Baoying Liu, Robert B. Nussenblatt
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Patients with active posterior and intermediate uveitis have inflammatory cells in their vitreous; those with primary intraocular lymphoma have malignant B-lymphoma cells concomitantly. These cell types cannot be distinguished clinically. The goal of this study was to investigate intrinsic autofluorescence as a noninvasive way of differentiating immune and lymphomatous cell populations. Human primary T cells were stimulated with or without anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 stimulation. B-lymphoma cells (CA46) were cultured separately. Five experimental groups were prepared: unstimulated T cells, stimulated T cells, CA46 cells, and stimulated T cells mixed with CA46 cells at a ratio of 1:3 or mixed at a ratio of 3:1. Samples were excited with three wavelengths and imaged with a confocal microscope. For each condition, the autofluorescent emissions from the sample were measured. In separate experiments, T cells or CA46 cells were injected into the anterior chamber of a BALB/c mouse eye and autofluorescence was measured. Pure T-cell and lymphoma populations were clearly distinguishable based on autofluorescence intensity spectra. CA46 cells were the least fluorescent when excited with 351-nm light, but most fluorescent when excited with longer wavelengths like 488 nm. Mixed populations of T cells and CA46 cells had emission intensities that fell predictably in between those of the pure populations. An ex vivo study showed that CA46 cells could be detected based on their intrinsic autofluorescence. Our studies showed that normal activated and malignant lymphocyte populations can be distinguished based on their intrinsic autofluorescent properties. Future work with in vivo models may prove useful in facilitating the diagnosis of uveitis and other ocular diseases.
Abstract P6-11-14: Long-Term Disease Control with Vinorelbine, Cisplatin and Continuous Infusion of 5-Fluorouracil -ViFuP Regimen-in Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: A Sciandivasci, E Munzone, G Aurilio, L Adamoli, E Botteri, M Locatelli, A Esposito, I Minchella, D Cullura’, G Curigliano, A Goldhirsch, F. Nole’
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are characterized by lack of estrogen, progesterone, HER-2-neu receptors expression and comprise 15% to 20% of all breast cancers. Studies have suggested that TNBCs may be more sensitive to DNA damaging agents like cisplatin. Our previous experience had identified a combination chemotherapy -the ViFuP regimen-with noteworthy efficacy and safety as a first or subsequent line treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts). In this view we retrospectively examined the activity of ViFuP regimen in 2 cohorts (A and B) of metastatic TNBC pts. Material and Methods: From January 2000 to December 2008, 115 pts with MBC were treated with ViFuP regimen, at the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. Among these, 35 pts (30%) had TNBC. Pts received continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil 200 mg/m2/day, vinorelbine 20 mg iv on days 1 and 3 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2on day 1. Therapy was given every three weeks. In A 22 pts (63%) were triple negative on primary tumor and in B 13 pts (37%) were triple negative in metastatic site. Median age was 54 years (range 35-73), 11 pts (31%) were pre-treated for MBC and 21 pts (60%) had ≥3 metastatic sites. Results: Thirty three pts were evaluable for response and 34 pts were assessable for toxicity. Median duration of treatment was 3.57 months (range 1-5.7). Four pts (12%) had complete responses, 14 pts (42%) had partial responses and 11 pts (33%) had stable disease with a clinical benefit (CB) of 73% (95% CI, 55%-87%). Four pts (12%) had progressive disease. Median time to progression was 6 months (95% CI, 5-8 months). Main toxicity was haematological with 62% of the pts showing grade 3/4 leuco-neutropenia. Alopecia was almost absent. Discussion: Treatment with ViFuP regimen was effective and safe in metastatic TNBC providing long-term disease control in a high proportion of pts. The prolonged CB supports this regimen as an additional therapeutic opportunity in this category of pts. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-14.
Leukemia in patients with acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia: An evaluation of prognostic indicators
Authors: Robert Ira Lewy, Emin Kansu, Thomas Gabuzda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract The initial clinical and laboratory data of 25 patients with acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (AISA) were anlayzed. Criteria for accepting the diagnosis were hyperferremia, ringed marrow sideroblasts, ineffective erythropoiesis, and exclusion of associated hematologic disorders. The findings of a mean age at onset of 70 years, increased mean corpuscular volume, relative neutropenia, and occasional splenomegaly at diagnosis corresponded with previous reports. During the followup for a median period of 32 months, 6 patients (25%) transformed to acute myelogenous or myelomonocytic leukemia after widely variable intervals. The initial data base of these patients was compared to that of the remaining 19 patients in order to isolate predictive features. Only a lesser degree of hyperferremia (P &lt; 0.001) made the group going on to leukemia distinctive. The median survival of these patients was 20 months. The median survival of 19 patients not developing leukemia was 72 months for males and 42 months for females . Hemochromatosis was diagnosed in four patients and was a primary or associated cause of death in three. Analysis of the transfusion history suggested that intrinsic iron leading was a major factor in these patients. We conclude that leukemic transformation in AISA is a common, poorly predictable event which required lengthy followup for detection. Hemochromatosis in AISA occurs frequently and shortens the median survival.
Vasostatin-I, a chromogranin A-derived peptide, in non-selected critically ill patients: distribution, kinetics, and prognostic significance
Authors: Francis Schneider, Charlotte Bach, Hélène Chung, Luca Crippa, Thomas Lavaux, Pierre-Edouard Bollaert, Michel Wolff, Angelo Corti, Anne Launoy, Xavier Delabranche, Thierry Lavigne, Nicolas Meyer, Patrick Garnero, Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
"SPINAL ANESTHESIA EXCLUDING THE MOTOR NERVES"
Authors: George H. Ewell
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 4, page 1168, appears a communication from Dr. Edward G. Martin of Detroit on "Spinal Anesthesia Excluding the Motor Nerves." I should like to call attention to my article on Intradural Caudal Anesthesia, which appeared inThe Journal, January 10, page 91. I believe this article will answer all the questions raised by Dr. Martin.
REVERSAL OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLES DYSFUNCTION AND EXERCISE CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT AFTER CONTINUOUS-FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Stavros Dimopoulos, Georgios Tzanis, Athanasios Tasoulis, Anthi Mpouchla, Christos Manetos, Nikolaos Diakos, Eleni Tseliou, Iraklis Pozios, Lambros Katsaros, Serafim Nanas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A NEW RECORDING SPHYGMOMANOMETER
Authors: Daniel R. Barr
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The desirability of automatically recording blood pressure in clinic routine has long been recognized, and with the advent of the new Tycos recording sphygmomanometer this seems at last to have become entirely practicable. This latest development in the mechanical determination of blood pressure enables one to do away entirely with the stethoscope, palpating finger and indicating hand, thus eliminating completely the personal equation, and further gives a permanent record of unquestioned accuracy. Its service to the anesthetist, surgeon, diagnostician and general practitioner is well nigh incalculable, as it is also to the specialist in insurance medicine. The instrument consists of a rigid reservoir of very light metal into which is set an air-tight collapsible chamber, also of metal, which expands and contracts with the pressure communicated to it from the rubber cuff encircling the arm. Attached to the upper member of this chamber is a bell crank assembly which gives a circular motion to