tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemoradiation in the Management of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Lawrence Kleinberg, Arlene A. Forastiere
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

The combination of chemotherapy, fluorouracil and cisplatin, and radiation has improved outcome for patients with esophageal cancer. A randomized controlled trial confirmed a long-term survival benefit when this chemotherapy was added to radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma, but the approach has not been definitively assessed in patients with adenocarcinoma. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy has been tested in numerous phase II studies and underpowered or flawed phase III studies. Nevertheless, collectively, the evidence strongly suggests that preoperative chemoradiotherapy improves outcome, and thus, this strategy has become a standard treatment option. Attempts to improve outcome by intensifying conventional cytotoxic drugs or increasing the radiation dose have not been successful. Camptothecin and taxane-based regimens combined with radiation have altered the toxicity profile, but substantial improvement in survival outcomes has yet to be demonstrated. Future improvements will likely require the incorporation of targeted agents that add minimally to existing toxicity, the use of molecular predictors of response to individualize selection of the chemotherapeutic regimen, and early identification of responders such that therapy might be altered dynamically.
Radionuclide Detection of Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Calcification
Authors: George M. Grames, Donald D. Sauser, Carl Jansen, Robert E. Soderblom, John E. Hodgkin, Mildred S. Stilson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Two patients who had hypercalcemia, one from multiple myeloma and the other from metastatic carcinoma, showed striking concentrations of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in the lungs on routine bone scans. Neither patient had roentgenographic evidence of intrapulmonary calcification. Histologic examination in one patient showed extensive interstitial pulmonary calcification. These cases dramatically illustrate the capability of radionuclides to detect interstitial pulmonary calcification when radiographic demonstration is lacking. The early detection of extraskeletal calcification by bone-seeking radionuclides provides a unique opportunity, not previously available, to study metastatic calcification and the effects of treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>230:992-995, 1974)
390 TARGETED INHIBITION OF TISSUE FACTOR AND THROMBIN ON CD31 EXPRESSING CELLS SUPPRESSES HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN CCL4 TREATED MICE
Authors: G. Petts, A. Dhar, H. Kudo, F. Sadiq, Q.M. Anstee, Y. Kallis, A. Dorling, R. Goldin, M. Thursz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Abnormal Left Ventricular Energy Metabolism in Obese Men With Preserved Systolic and Diastolic Functions Is Associated With Insulin Resistance
Authors: Gianluca Perseghin, Georgia Ntali, Francesco De Cobelli, Guido Lattuada, Antonio Esposito, Elena Belloni, Tamara Canu, Federica Costantino, Francesca Ragogna, Paola Scifo, Alessandro Del Maschio, Livio Luzi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Perturbations in cardiac energy metabolism might represent early alterations in diabetes preceding functional and pathological changes. We evaluated left ventricular (LV) structure/geometry and function in relation to energy metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight/obese men using magnetic resonance techniques.We studied 81 healthy men (aged 22-55 years, with BMI between 19 and 35 kg/m2) by means of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the resting and fasted conditions and stratified them in quartiles of BMI (cut offs: 23.2, 25.5 and 29.0 kg/m2).LV mass increased across quartiles of BMI; meanwhile, the volumes did not differ. Parameters of LV systolic and diastolic function were not different among quartiles. The phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio was reduced across increasing quartiles of mean +/- SD BMI (2.25 +/- 0.52, 1.89 +/- 0.26, 1.99 +/- 0.38, and 1.79 +/- 0.29; P < 0.006) in association with insulin sensitivity (computer homeostasis model assessment 2 model); this relation was independent of age, BMI, blood pressure, wall mass, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking habits, and metabolic syndrome.Abnormal LV energy metabolism was detectable in obese men in the presence of normal function, supporting the hypothesis that metabolic remodeling in insulin resistant states precedes functional and structural/geometrical remodeling of the heart regardless of the onset of overt hyperglycemia.
The Need for Systemic-Pulmonary Artery Shunts in the Surgical Management of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: PAUL D. HARRIS, WILLIAM F. BERNHARD, ROBERT E. GROSS, ALEXANDER S. NADAS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

When managing infants and small children with severe enough symptoms to require operative intervention, there can be no doubt that the establishment of a shunt is highly efficacious. Total repair can be contemplated some years later. If technically feasible, a shunt of the Blalock-Taussig type is the desired form of procedure. When dealing with very small infants, a Potts anastomosis has a higher probability of remaining patent and is therefore more desirable, even though it might be more difficult to obliterate at the second operation. In older or larger children with the pink tetralogy, total correction in one stage can be advised with an acceptably low mortality rate. However, in older subjects with severe cyanosis, it is now our policy in nearly all cases to employ a two-stage attack in the form of a preliminary systemic-pulmonary arterial shunt, proceeding with complete correction some years later.
Schizophrenia: A Family's Projective Identification
Authors: JAMES R. STABENAU
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

By means of projective identification, parents may contribute to the differential life course leading to schizophrenia in a family member. The author presents the case history of a family with a set of monozygotic male twins discordant for schizophrenia. The father, by suggesting that one twin was more vulnerable than the other, helped establish in that twin a negative identity, an inhibition (rather than a neutralization) of instinctual expression, and an aggressive (rather than libidinal) tie with the parents. The ego splitting that resulted seemed to be based on the child's projective identification in a pathologically defensive way.
Possible implication of thiopurine S-methyltransferase in occurrence of infectious episodes during maintenance therapy for childhood lymphoblastic leukemia with mercaptopurine
Authors: T Dervieux, Y Médard, P Verpillat, V Guigonis, M Duval, B Lescoeur, S Suciu, E Vilmer, E Jacqz-Aigrain
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY ON BONE MINERAL CONTENT
Authors: I. C. Odita, P. J. Ross, B. J. Barron, L. M. Lamki, C. A. Cross, K. D. Burau
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Odita, I. C.; Ross, P. J.; Barron, B. J.; Lamki, L. M.; Cross, C. A.; Burau, K. D. Author Information
Differences in the effects of diet on lipoprotein subclasses distribution are related to triglycerides levels
Authors: JoséL. Vleira, Emilio H. Moriguchi, Vera L. Portal, Rubem Rodrigues, Eduardo T. Mastalir, Fabiana Buffé, Eleni Bortolini, Ricardo S. Brüch, Hiroscige Itakura, Akinori Nakashima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Development of Psychiatric Illness in Drug Abusers
Authors: A. Thomas McLellan, George E. Woody, Charles P. O'Brien
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The origin of the psychiatric illnesses observed in drug abusers is often unclear. This study examines the causal relation between drug abuse and specific psychiatric disorders. Fifty-one male veterans first seen in 1972, who were admitted at least once per year for six consecutive years for inpatient drug-abuse treatment, underwent psychiatric assessments at each admission. Eleven men mainly used stimulants, 14 depressants, and 26 opiates. Initial psychiatric examinations showed low symptom levels in all groups but no statistically significant differences among them. By the end of six years, five of the stimulant users had psychoses, and eight of the depressant users had serious depression. The narcotics users showed no change in psychopathology. Differences between the groups were significant at the 0.01 level. These changes were not due to acute toxic reactions, but our data suggest that abuse of particular drugs has a major role in the development of specific psychiatric illnesses. The possibility that different preexisting personality disorders lead to different kinds of drug abuse cannot be excluded.
THE IMPACT OF LOW TISSUE BACKSCATTERING AS ASSESSED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AFTER DRUG–ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Hiroto Tamaru, Kenichi Fujii, Masahiko Shibuya, Masashi Fukunaga, Takahiro Imanaka, Kojiro Miki, Daizo Kawasaki, Motomaru Masutani, Mitsumasa Ohyanagi, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Mutation in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Is Not Associated With Increased Risk for Coronary Artery Disease or Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jeffrey L Anderson, Gretchen J King, Matthew J Thomson, Michael Todd, Tami L Bair, Joseph B Muhlestein, John.F Carlquist
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
cDNA cloning and immunologic characterization of a novel EF‐1β allergen from <i>Penicillium citrinum</i>
Authors: R.‐B. Tang, Y.‐S. Chen, H. Chou, S.‐S. Lee, H.‐Y. Tai, H.‐D. Shen
Journal: Allergy (2005)

We have identified previously that Penicillium citrinum is the most prevalent Penicillium species in the Taipei area. It is important to delineate the whole spectrum of allergenic components of this prevalent airborne fungus. The purpose of this study was to identify novel P. citrinum allergens through molecular cloning of allergen genes using a cDNA library of P. citrinum and sera from patients with bronchial asthma.A lambda-Uni-ZAP XR-based cDNA library of P. citrinum was screened with sera from asthmatic patients. An IgE-binding cDNA clone was isolated and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The frequency of IgE-binding to the expressed protein and the IgE reactivity to allergen subunits were analyzed by immunoblotting.An IgE-reactive cDNA clone (clone B) was isolated by plaque immunoassay. The cDNA insert is 876-bp long and encodes a 228-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 25 035 Da. Protein database search with the deduced clone B sequence revealed that 121 (53%) and 82 (36%) of the 228 amino acids were identical to those of the elongation factor 1-beta (EF-1beta) proteins from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, respectively. His-tagged recombinant clone B proteins were constructed and expressed in E. coli. Seven (8%) of the 92 serum samples from patients with bronchial asthma showed IgE-binding to the recombinant clone B protein. Among these seven positive sera, five demonstrated IgE-binding to the C-terminal fragment (aa 119-228) while the other two sera showed IgE reactivity to the N-terminal fragment (aa 1-118) of this newly identified EF-1betaPenicillium allergen.A novel P. citrinum allergen (Pen c 24) was identified and characterized in the present study. Results obtained provide more information about allergens of prevalent airborne fungi and a basis to understand more about the IgE responses in human atopic disorders and in parasitic infections.
Focus: Sydney: Australian surgeons savaged by cutting report
Authors: S Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Against a backdrop of rising health care costs, politically damaging concern about surgical waiting lists, and a media ever ready to frame stories about doctors in terms of medicine-gone-wrong, Porsche driving, and general self interest, the Australian federal health minister for human services and health, Dr Carmen Lawrence, in June this year commissioned a major inquiry into the surgical workforce.

The report, A Cutting Edge: Australia's Surgical Workforce 1994, was delivered last month by its author, Peter Baume, a gastroenterologist who is professor of community medicine at the University of New South Wales. Baume served for 17 years as a Liberal senator in the Australian federal parliament. As a liberal “wet” he championed welfare and health reforms in both government and opposition before quitting politics when the …
Relation Between Prepublication Release of Clinical Trial Results and the Practice of Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextLittle is known about how clinical practice is affected by disseminating results of clinical trials prior to publication in peer-reviewed journals.ObjectiveTo determine whether prepublication release of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) trial results via National Institutes of Health Clinical Alerts was associated with prompt changes in patient care that were consistent with the new medical evidence.Design, Setting, and PatientsLongitudinal data series analysis using acute care hospital discharge data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for patients who had CEA performed in acute care hospitals in 7 states (New York, California, Pennsylvania, Florida, Colorado, Illinois, and Wisconsin). The trials were the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET clinical alert released February 1991) and the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS clinical alert released September 1994).Main Outcome MeasureCarotid endarterectomy rate during each month from 1989 (2 years before the NASCET clinical alert) to 1996 (2 years after the ACAS clinical alert), adjusted for age and sex. Because both trials were limited to patients 80 years or younger in hospitals with low mortality, we also stratified CEA rates by patient age and hospital mortality rate.ResultsFrom 1989 through 1996, 272,849 CEAs were performed in the acute care hospitals in these 7 states, with the annual number increasing from 22,300 to 51,495. After the NASCET clinical alert, the adjusted CEA rate increased 3.4% per month (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6%-5.3%) during the following 6 months and then increased 0.5% per month (95% CI, 0.2%-0.8%; P&lt;.04) after journal publication of the NASCET study. After the ACAS clinical alert, the CEA rate increased 7.3% per month (95% CI, 6.0%-8.5%) during the following 7 months and then decreased by 0.44% per month (95% CI, −0.86% to −0.0002%; P&lt;.04) after journal publication of the ACAS study. After the ACAS clinical alert, the CEA rate increased more in patients aged 80 years or older than in younger patients; whereas, after journal publication of ACAS, the CEA rate decreased more rapidly in the older population. The overall proportion of CEAs performed in low-mortality hospitals did not change substantially after release of the clinical alerts or after journal publication.ConclusionIn this study, prepublication dissemination of CEA trial results with clinical alerts was associated with prompt and substantial changes in medical practice, but the observed changes suggest that the results were extrapolated to patients and settings not directly supported by the trials.
The Harlequin Color Change
Authors: Jaggi Rao, Alfons Krol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

On the third day of life, balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve was performed in a full-term newborn with pulmonary atresia. Eight days later, asymptomatic, macular, blanchable erythema developed, involving areas of the head and neck and half of the trunk (Panel A), with sharp demarcation along the midline (Panel B). Over the course of a week, the color change fluctuated in both intensity and extent, demonstrating a migratory pattern that varied by the hour. Intravenous diphenhydramine and topical hydrocortisone had no benefit. The erythema gradually disappeared as the infant was weaned from prostaglandin E1 therapy; there were no . . .
Paradox of the Immune Response to Uncomplicated Gonococcal Urethritis
Authors: Donald H. Kearns, G. Burton Seibert, Richard O'Reilly, Linda Lee, Leslie Logan, Goldie Perkins, Ruth Geller, Romulus Skaggs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The antigonococcal immune response of 35 men with uncomplicated gonorrhea was studied with use of methods to detect immune lymphocytes, serum and secretion antibodies. As compared to 24 normal controls, lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by gonococcal antigens was marginally greater for 11 men with a first infection and significantly greater (p≤0.001) for 24 men with multiple infections. Antigonococcal antibodies were found in the serum of one of 24, six of 11, and 16 of 24 men with no, one and more than one infection respectively. Antigonococcal IgA antibodies were found in the urethral secretions of nine of 11 men with a first and in 20 of 24 men with multiple gonococcal infections. Among subjects with multiple infections the majority, 13 of 24, had antigonococcal activity detected by all three test systems. These data suggest that a variety of potential effectors — lymphocytes, serum antibodies and secretion IgA antibodies — with antigonococcal activity is insufficient for protection from recurrent disease. (N Engl J Med 289:1170–1174, 1973)
The Caries-Producing Effect of Similar Foods Grown in Different Soil Areas
Authors: Abraham E. Nizel, Robert S. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

A STATISTICALLY significant higher incidence of dental caries has been produced in hamsters fed diets containing corn and dried whole milk produced in New England, in comparison to those fed similar foods grown in northwest Texas.1 The present study was undertaken as a confirmation of these results, and to determine whether the cariogenic factor was in the corn or the milk, or in both.Four groups, each containing 35 weanling hamsters, were assembled so that each group had equal distribution in terms of weight, sex and litter-mates. They were fed a modified Hoppert, Webber and Canniff diet,2 consisting of corn . . .
THE MUTUAL RELATIONS OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND THE PUBLIC.
Authors: DAVID W. GRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The Illinois State Medical Society requires of its presiding officer each year an address on some subject of his own choosing, the members of the Society for the most part constituting the audience. But to some extent the nature of the subject and the character of the audience for this evening have been determined by the circumstances under which this meeting is held, and the plans of the committee of arrangements. The reciprocal relations and duties of the medical profession and the community is, as a theme, like an old jewel which requires an occasional resetting to bring it into harmony with the changes of time and circumstance. While some of these relations and duties are always and everywhere the same, the subject still requires frequent restatement, both because of its perennial interest to the profession and the public at large, and also because in the progressive community the mutual
BRAF Mutations in Metanephric Adenoma of the Kidney
Authors: Toni K. Choueiri, John Cheville, Emanuele Palescandolo, André P. Fay, Philip W. Kantoff, Michael B. Atkins, Jesse K. McKenney, Victoria Brown, Megan E. Lampron, Ming Zhou, Michelle S. Hirsch, Sabina Signoretti
Journal: European Urology (2012)
The Pristionchus pacificus genome provides a unique perspective on nematode lifestyle and parasitism
Authors: Christoph Dieterich, Sandra W Clifton, Lisa N Schuster, Asif Chinwalla, Kimberly Delehaunty, Iris Dinkelacker, Lucinda Fulton, Robert Fulton, Jennifer Godfrey, Pat Minx, Makedonka Mitreva, Waltraud Roeseler, Huiyu Tian, Hanh Witte, Shiaw-Pyng Yang, Richard K Wilson, Ralf J Sommer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Tetanus Treated with d-Tubocurarine Chloride
Authors: P. R. C. Evans, R. J. Whiting
Journal: BMJ (1948)

POLIOMYELITISMEBfCAJOURNAL kind during the pre-paralytic stage increases the danger of severe paralysis.Complete physical rest in bed during the whole of the pre-paralytic stage seems to protect the patient rom severe paralysis."A similar analysis of cases of poliomyelitis occurring in Cornwall during 1947-8 is shown in Table I.The cases are selected in so far that only those giving a clear history of a pre-paralytic meningeal stage of the illness are included.The standards adopted for the criteria of meningeal involvement, the severity of physical activity, and the degree of paralysis are the same as used by Russell, differing only in that the degree of paralysis in my cases is estimated after three months' treatment instead of on admission.Two of the cases (Nos. 34and 38) had travelled to Cornwall by road during the pre-paralytic stage of the illness.In both cases the patient had personally driven his car 250 miles or more.TABLE 1I.-Showing
Training behaviour of coaches for junior football teams
Authors: Ne Abdel Azim, M Al-Gelani, M Amin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Through supervising local competitions and following up the training of some games at the under 13-year-old level, the authors observed that coaches at that stage are not professionally trained to deal with junior players. Coaches seem unaware of the real objective behind training those junior players or of holding competitions for them: the coaches focus on one goal only, which is wining the match. This perspective puts the players under heavy psychological pressures and the fear of committing mistakes and bringing defeat to their team. Therefore, the authors sought to identify coaches' behaviour and their ability to deal with beginners under 13 years old. This study aimed to identify the training behaviour of football coaches for junior teams. The study included 40 randomly selected coaches of junior teams in Egypt, aged 30-40 years and with 6±1 total years of experience. The authors developed a written questionnaire as a self-report named training behaviour for coaches. Statistical calculations included correlations between items, Cronbach's α of the total questionnaire, and principal component factor analysis with oblique rotation. The value of coefficient α=(0.769) while the ratio of continuous flow intersection=(61.8%). Factor analysis produced five factors that explained 62% of the variance. The first factor included self-efficacy items, the second included communication items, the third included self-confidence, the fourth included controlling, and the fifth included commitment . The results indicated a low content related to training behaviour for football coaches of junior teams, which indicates a need for preparing coaches of junior teams through specialised educational programmes before allowing them to train junior players.
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Surgery of the Nose
Authors: Maurice H. Cottle
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This book will provide an interesting introduction to the changes taking place in rhinology, particularly in the two most frequently performed nasal operations: submucous resection and rhinoplasty. The author indicates that these widely familiar procedures are being transported into an updated medical setting, predicated upon better diagnostic methods, physiologically oriented rather than just morphologically based. A broad clinical point of view is recommended as the best guide to nasal surgery—a refreshing relief from the anatomical approach to rhinology that has been prevalent for a century. The relation of nasal deformities— internal and external—to allergy, nasal breathing pressures, and systemic health problems is stressed. The author, a dedicated practitioner of extensive personal experience, distills the works of many investigators during the last 25 years. The book contains hundreds of technical directives and guides. It suggests strongly that the future of corrective nasal surgery will be changed markedly as nasal functions become