tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influenza — Interpandemic as Well as Pandemic Disease
Authors: Raphael Dolin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Influenza occurs in both pandemic and interpandemic forms. Fortunately, pandemics, defined as worldwide outbreaks of severe disease, occur infrequently. Interpandemic influenza, although less extensive in its impact, occurs virtually every year. Widespread avian infection with influenza A (H5N1) and associated clusters of human disease have aroused concern about the threat of a pandemic, and attention has been appropriately focused on control measures to deal with such an event. However, interpandemic influenza has a substantial effect, both cumulatively and in individual outbreaks, and has much to teach us about transmission, pathogenesis, and potentially effective control measures.Since the H1N1 pandemic of . . .
Induction of a regulatory B cell population in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by alteration of the gut commensal microflora
Authors: Javier Ochoa-Repáraz, Daniel W. Mielcarz, Sakhina Haque-Begum, Lloyd H. Kasper
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

We have recently shown that alteration of the gut commensal microbiota with antibiotics can modify the susceptibility to autoimmune demyelinating processes of the central nervous system. Treatment of mice with a broad spectrum of antibiotics not only induced significant changes in the regulatory T cell populations of the gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and peripheral lymphoid organs but reduced the susceptibility to EAE, the most widely used animal model for human multiple sclerosis. Here, we show further that oral antibiotic treatment of EAE mice induced a CD5(+)B cell subpopulation that conferred protection against the disease. Protection was associated with an enhanced frequency of CD5(+)B cells in distal lymphoid sites such as cervical LN. In vitro stimulation with LPS increased the production of IL-10 by splenic CD5(+)B cells. Adoptive transfer of CD5(+)B cells from antibiotic treated mice reduced significantly the severity of EAE by shifting the immune responses from Th1/Th17 towards anti-inflammatory Th2-type responses. Our results demonstrate that this specific B cell population appears to be involved in the immune regulation of autoimmunity, in particular this experimental demyelinating disease of the central nervous system by gut commensal microflora.
Kussmaul's Sign
Authors: RALPH L. TIESZEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1984Kussmaul's SignRALPH L. TIESZEN, M.D.RALPH L. TIESZEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-2-315_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Dell 'Italia and associates (1) on physical examination for exclusion of hemodynamically important right ventricular infarction was an excellent and valuable article, but, nowhere could I find an exact description or criteria for "Kussmaul's sign." Neither is there a reference in the bibliography that I could find describing Kussmaul's sign or where the original description was published.There are clinicians other than cardiologists who read articles like this, and I think more attention should be paid by the editorial board in seeing that adequate information is contained to make these articles readable. Adequate...Reference1. DELL 'ITALIASTARLINGO'ROURKE LMR. Physical examination for exclusion of hemodynamically important right ventricular infarction. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:608-11. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1984Volume 100, Issue 2Page: 315-315KeywordsInfarction Issue Published: 1 February 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Spurious Platelet Count
Authors: Michele Siegenthaler, Olivier Spertini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A previously healthy 48-year-old man was admitted for severe burns involving his face, thorax, and upper and lower limbs (45 percent of body-surface area) associated with an inhalation injury. The hemoglobin level was 12.3 g per deciliter, the hematocrit 37 percent, the mean corpuscular volume 93 μm3, the red-cell–distribution width 15.8 percent, and the white-cell count 7400 per cubic millimeter. The platelet count was 274,000 per cubic millimeter when measured with the use of an automated system. Because staining of a peripheral-blood smear with May–Grunwald–Giemsa showed numerous spherocytes (arrowheads) and microspherocytes (arrows) resulting from heat-induced damage to red-cell membranes, . . .
Intravenous Immunoglobulins as Therapeutic Agents
Authors: E. RICHARD STIEHM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Intravenous immunoglobulins are stable monomeric pooled human IgG preparations for therapeutic use. Three intravenous immunoglobulins licensed in the United States are generally therapeutically equivalent. Intravenous immunoglobulin is the preferred agent for replacement therapy for most patients with primary or secondary antibody immunodeficiency because of the rapidity and ease of giving large quantities of IgG, even by self-administration. Disadvantages of intravenous immunoglobulins include frequent (approximately 10%) but usually not serious side effects, the need for venous access (often difficult in infants and young children), and high cost. Intravenous immunoglobulins are also beneficial in the prevention of certain viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus pneumonia and varicella; they may also have a synergistic effect with antibiotics in certain bacterial diseases. Intravenous immunoglobulin has also been used successfully in the management of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, Kawasaki disease, and certain autoimmune diseases. Intravenous immunoglobulin may also be of use in certain high-risk and premature newborns.
Double Infection of the Meninges with Meningococcus and Gaertner's Bacillus
Authors: K. J. Guthrie, T. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1941)

MEDICAL JOUJRNAL 4 p.m.-Condition improved.Complete excision of wound, suilphanilamide pack, vaselined gauze, immobilization on Thomas splint with pins above and below fracture.November 16
RECENT PROGRESS IN ELECTR0GYNECOLOGY,Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting oi the American Medical Association.
Authors: G. BETTON MASSEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The year's progress in the art of applying electricity as a remedy in the diseases of women has been of twofold character, embracing increased exactness in an art requiring technical knowledge of a high order on the one hand, and on the other an increased use of the remedy by conservative gynecologists. The allurements of a surgical ambition continue to operate as a bar to the higher electrical skill of some operators it is true, but a still greater number are becoming convinced that the diseases of women have a deeper significance than mere cosmetic accuracy of outline in pelvic organs; and that an agent capable of doing much in the cure of diseased processes, the relief of suffering and restoration of function deserves a more careful study than has been given to it by those who regard gynecology and surgery as synonymous terms. RESTORATION OF FUNCTION. It is too
Circulatory and Respiratory Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate in Man
Authors: DEAN F. DAVIES, ARTHUR L. GROPPER, HENRY A. SCHROEDER
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The authors have studied the acute effects of the intravenous and intra-arterial injection of the sodium salt of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in man. Rapid injection causes a frightening sensation in the chest and hyperpnea. The changes found agree with those reported in cats and are consistent with the concept that adenosine triphosphate is a vasodilator in somatic structures but causes an increase in pulmonary vascular and possibly in splanchnic resistance. Its principal action seems to be pharmacologic rather than in its role as an intracellular metabolite.
The Role of Somatostatin and Its Analogs in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors
Authors: STEVEN W. J. LAMBERTS, ERIC P. KRENNING, JEAN-CLAUDE REUBI
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1991)

LONG-term therapy with somatostatin analogs has been reported to result in the control of hormonal hypersecretion, in improvement of symptomatology, and in tumor shrinkage in patients with acromegaly, endocrine pancreatic tumors, and metastatic carcinoids. One of these somatostatin analogs, octreotide, has been approved for clinical use in most countries, including the United States. It is a well-tolerated, but expensive drug. Experimental studies show that chronic administration of somatostatin analogs causes growth inhibition of a number of (transplantable) tumors in animals, including chondrosarcomas, pancreatic, prostatic, breast, and pituitary cancers. Somatostatin receptors have been demonstrated on a variety of human tumors by classical biochemical binding techniques, as well as by in vitro autoradiography. These tumors include those with amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) characteristics (pituitary tumors, endocrine pancreatic tumors, carcinoids, paragangliomas, small cell lung cancers, medullary thyroid carcinomas, pheochromocytomas), as well as meningiomas, well-differentiated brain tumors (astrocytomas), neuroblastomas, and some human breast cancers. Recently we developed a technique that allows the in vivo visualization in man of the somatostatin receptorpositive tumors mentioned above after the iv administration of the 123I-coupled somatostatin analog Tyr3-octreotide. We have simplified, as well as improved, this technique, which should be available for general use in 1992.
B cell depletion: a novel therapy for autoimmune diabetes?
Authors: Hélène Bour-Jordan, Jeffrey A. Bluestone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Autoimmune diabetes is believed to be mediated primarily by T cells. However, B cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease in NOD mice. Although preclinical studies have been limited by the absence of anti-CD20 reagents that can induce B cell depletion in mice, a clinical trial using the B cell–depleting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (Rituxan) is underway in type 1 diabetes patients. In this issue of the JCI, Hu et al. describe the generation of transgenic NOD mice that express human CD20 on B cells (see the related article beginning on page 3857). They show that anti-CD20 therapy induces B cell depletion in these mice and offers some level of protection against diabetes. Although many questions remain unanswered, this mouse model represents the first opportunity to evaluate the potential value of rituximab as a novel therapy for autoimmune diabetes.
German health insurance companies reluctantly agree to doctors' pay rise
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Health insurance companies in Germany have been forced to agree a 10% pay rise for community based doctors, averting the threat of strike action.

The €2.7bn (£2.2bn; $3.9bn) settlement is the minimum that the country’s 150 000 family doctors and community based specialists were prepared to accept without going on strike. The profession had originally demanded €4.5bn. The Ministry of Health is yet to formally agree the deal but has signalled its consent.

Andreas Kohler, head of the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians, which …
Taking babies' temperatures: science versus social taboos in battle over Baby Check.
Authors: S Handysides
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Baby Check, a scoring system for assessing the severity of illness in babies under 6 months old, has not met with the success its developers expected. The inclusion of rectal temperature in the assessment was strongly opposed by the Royal College of Midwives, which refused to alter its view despite evidence of the safety and accuracy of rectal thermometry. British parents appear not to like rectal thermometers either. Most other medical bodies have supported Baby Check and the reason for midwives9 opposition may have more to do with professional pique at not being consulted than clinical wisdom.
Low Renin Hypertension: A State of Inappropriate Secretion of Aldosterone.
Authors: Clarence Grim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Low Renin Hypertension: A State of Inappropriate Secretion of Aldosterone.Clarence Grim, M.D., Thomas Peters, M.S., John Maher, M.D., F.A.C.P.Clarence Grim, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Thomas Peters, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, John Maher, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-858_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLow renin hypertension is characterized by normokalemia, suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA), and normal urinary aldosterone excretion (UA). To define further the pathophysiology of low renin hypertension, in six normal persons and five patients with low renin hypertension the authors measured the response of PRA (nanograms angiotensin I per milliliter per hour by radioimmunoassay) and plasma aldosterone (PA) (nanograms per 100 ml by radioimmunoassay) to [1] 4-hour saline infusion (30 ml/kg body weight); [2] 2-hour upright posture on high sodium intake (3 days); [3] 2-hour upright posture on low sodium intake (3 days); and [4] condition 3 plus 1 day... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Columbia, Mo. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 858-858KeywordsAldosteroneBlood plasmaBody weightExcretionHypertensionPlasma renin activityPostural controlRadioimmunoassaysSodium Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Skin irritation caused by transdermal drug delivery systems during long-term (5 days) application
Authors: J.F.G.M. HURKMANS, H.E. BODDE, L.M.J. DRIEL, H. DOORNE, H.E. JUNGINGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

We have studied the skin irritation produced by the prolonged application of transdermal therapeutic systems. The systems were applied to the skin of the back of male volunteers for 120 hours, and sweat accumulation and bacterial growth were studied. In some cases hydrogel discs were attached to the systems. The results showed that sweat accumulation contributed more to the skin irritation than the bacterial overgrowth. The incorporation of hydrogels in the transdermal delivery system may help to reduce skin irritation by absorbing water.
Severe Hypoglycemia Incidence and Predisposing Factors in 85 Pregnancies of Type I Diabetic Women
Authors: Renate Kimmerle, Lutz Heinemann, Alexander Delecki, Michael Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

To evaluate the incidence and predisposing factors of severe hypoglycemia (SH) in pregnant women with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus.SH (impairment of consciousness due to hypoglycemia subsequently treated with glucagon or i.v. glucose) was recorded in all pregnant type I diabetic women (n = 77) who attended our pregnancy clinic during 85 pregnancies from 1986 to 1990.Ninety-four SHs were reported during 35 pregnancies. Of 94 SHs, 84% occurred before the 20th gestational wk (median 12th wk) and 77% during sleep. In the group with SH, there was no permanent maternal sequelae, and there was a favorable fetal outcome (no perinatal death and no congenital malformation). Mean HbA1c values were not different between the group with and without SH for the first half (6.4 +/- 1.1 vs. 6.3 +/- 0.9%) and 2nd half (5.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.7%) of pregnancy. The percentage of women with SH before pregnancy (51 vs. 28%, P less than 0.05) and the incidence of SH patients before pregnancy (0.49 vs. 0.08 SH/patient/yr) was different between the group with and without SH.SH is frequent during pregnancies of type I diabetic women with near normoglycemia. The risk for SH is particularly pronounced during the first half of pregnancy and in women with a history of SH.
Weight gain after cholecystectomy.
Authors: P W Houghton, L A Donaldson, L R Jenkinson, M K Crumplin
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Purpose</h3> The regional anesthetic technique of epidural anesthesia provides one of the most effective methods of relieving pain during labor. This technique is not without controversy, however. Many believe that neuraxial analgesia such as this may slow labor and increases the incidence of cesarean and instrumental delivery. Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation is to identify consensus within the literature to provide more clear recommendations to providers and patients, as well as identify areas of controversy in which further study may be necessary. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic review of the literature was performed, including 22 studies and reviews. <h3>Summary</h3> All authors considered in this review agree that epidural anesthesia provides the best pain blockade but may increase the need for oxytocin augmentation. Most agree that epidural anesthesia does not increase the rate of cesarean delivery, instrumental/operative vaginal delivery, or difficult delivery. The majority of authors agree that epidural anesthesia is associated with prolongation of the second phase of labor but cite mixed results regarding the first phase. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists currently recommends that the decision to use epidural anesthesia should be based on patients9 wishes and other factors, including parity, not a standard amount of cervical dilation. This review of the literature may serve to help summarize the evidence and elucidate some of these factors for informed decision making by patients and practitioners. Further study may be necessary to account for pain as a confounding variable.
Germline deletion of the miR-17∼92 cluster causes skeletal and growth defects in humans
Authors: Loïc de Pontual, Evelyn Yao, Patrick Callier, Laurence Faivre, Valérie Drouin, Sandra Cariou, Arie Van Haeringen, David Geneviève, Alice Goldenberg, Myriam Oufadem, Sylvie Manouvrier, Arnold Munnich, Joana Alves Vidigal, Michel Vekemans, Stanislas Lyonnet, Alexandra Henrion-Caude, Andrea Ventura, Jeanne Amiel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Is Pancreatoscopy of Any Benefit in Clarifying the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Duct Lesions?
Authors: M. Jung, A. Zipf, D. Schoonbroodt, G. Herrmann, W. F. Caspary
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Background and Study Aims: Modern fine-caliber endoscopes enable clinicians to directly visualize the pancreatic duct. They allow intraductal manipulation under optical control. We tried to evaluate the additional diagnostic potential of pancreatoscopy in assessing inconclusive intraductal pancreatic changes.
Synergistic Interactions between DMAG and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1/2 Inhibitors in Bcr/abl+ Leukemia Cells Sensitive and Resistant to Imatinib Mesylate
Authors: Tri K. Nguyen, Mohamed Rahmani, Ning Gao, Lora Kramer, Amie S. Corbin, Brian J. Druker, Paul Dent, Steven Grant
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: To characterize interactions between the heat shock protein 90 antagonist 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (DMAG) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1/2 inhibitor PD184352 in Bcr/abl+ leukemia cells sensitive and resistant to imatinib mesylate. Experimental Design: K562 and LAMA 84 cells were exposed to varying concentrations of DMAG and PD184352 for 48 hours; after which, mitochondrial integrity, caspase activation, and apoptosis were monitored. Parallel studies were done in imatinib mesylate–resistant cells, including BaF3 cells transfected with plasmids encoding clinically relevant Bcr/abl mutations conferring imatinib mesylate resistance (e.g., E255K, M351T, and T315I) and primary CD34+ bone marrow cells from patients refractory to imatinib mesylate. Results: Cotreatment of Bcr/abl+ cells with minimally toxic concentrations of DMAG and PD184352 resulted in synergistic induction of mitochondrial injury (cytochrome c release and Bax conformational change), events associated with the pronounced and sustained inactivation of ERK1/2 accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-xL. Conversely, cells ectopically expressing Bcl-xL displayed significant protection against PD184352/DMAG–mediated lethality. This regimen effectively induced apoptosis in K562 cells overexpressing Bcr/abl, in BaF3 cells expressing various clinically relevant Bcr/abl mutations, and in primary CD34+ cells from patients resistant to imatinib mesylate, but was relatively sparing of normal CD34+ bone marrow cells. Conclusions: A regimen combining the heat shock protein 90 antagonist DMAG and the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase 1/2 inhibitor potently induces apoptosis in Bcr/abl+ cells, including those resistant to imatinib mesylate through various mechanisms including Bcr/abl kinase mutations, through a process that may involve sustained ERK1/2 inactivation and Bcl-xL down-regulation. This strategy warrants further attention in Bcr/abl+ hematopoietic malignancies, particularly those resistant to Bcr/abl kinase inhibitors.
Some Cases of Catalepsy
Authors: G. H. Savage
Journal: BMJ (1876)

<h3></h3> Sunday, April 2, 2006 - 10:30 am to 12:30 pm Room 250/262 - Moscone Convention Center Organizer Name: Steven Grinspoon, MD <i>Massachusetts General Hospital</i>, Boston, Massachusetts Ashok Balusubramanyam, MD Associate Professor of Medicine and Cell Biology Baylor College of Medicine Colleen Hadigan, MD Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Steven Grinspoon, MD Director, Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Morris Schambelan, MD Program in Nutritional Metabolism Chief, Division of Endocrinology University of California, San Francisco <i>Abstract:</i> Recent evidence demonstrates a novel metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected patients, including altered lipid metabolism, substrate flux, fat distribution, and insulin resistance. Increased visceral adiposity and subcutaneous fat atrophy are most prominent. Significant progress has been made in recent years to understand this syndrome. Increased lipolysis and flux of fatty acids to the liver and muscle contribute to insulin resistance. Protease inhibitors have been shown to affect PPAR signaling, adipocyte differentiation, and apoptosis. At the same time, NRTIs, through inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, impair fatty acid oxidation, resulting in lipid accumulation in both the liver and muscle and repartitioning away from the subcutaneous compartment. Furthermore, reduction in critical cytokines, including adiponectin, impairs fatty acid oxidation. Recent data suggest significant clinical consequences of insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients, including increased cardiovascular disease. Recent data also suggest potentially beneficial effects of insulin sensitizing agents, such as the thiazolidinediones, to increase adiponectin and subcutaneous adipogenesis while inhibiting lipolysis and reducing hepatic and intramuscular fat accumulation. The HIV lipodystrophy syndrome is a novel metabolic syndrome in which to understand the mechanisms of insulin resistance and fat redistribution. The proposed symposium will cover critical pathophysiologic mechanisms of altered lipid metabolism and nutrient trafficking, highlighting the most recent clinical and molecular data on the effects of protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on these processes.