tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Skin problems in sugar artists
Authors: E. BANGHA, P. ELSNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Summary Sugar artistry is a growing profession amongst bakers and confectioners and an increasingly common hobby in amateur cooks. The main work consists of manual manipulation of sugar which is formed into figures and objects for table and food decoration. The sugar must be warmed up to 50°C in order to be liquid and malleable and so the artists suffer from diverse thermally induced skin problems on their hands. Such changes have not to date been reported in the dermatological literature. In this study we report our experience in 50 Swiss sugar artists who have suffered from skin problems. The study took the form of a questionnaire survey. The response rate was 30 out of 50. Twenty-six reported no chronic skin disorder. Four suffered from a palmar vesicular relapsing type of chronic eczema. The main skin problems on the hands during work with hot sugar were increased sweating, seen in 20 out of 30 (67%), and burning with erythema and blistering, seen in 12 out of 30 (40%). Most participants (83%) were highly irritated by the skin problems during their work, and applied a protective cream before working with sugar, or wore rubber gloves. Topical therapy with a preparation containing 10% aluminium chloride hexahydrate, used once daily for 3 weeks, evaluated in 14 participants, decreased sweating in 10 (71%) and reduced the thermally induced erythema in one (7%).
Selective activation of PI3Kα/Akt/GSK‐3β signalling and cardiac compensatory hypertrophy during recovery from heart failure
Authors: Julian C. Braz, Robert M. Gill, Angela K. Corbly, Bonita D. Jones, Najia Jin, Chris J. Vlahos, Qingyu Wu, Weiqun Shen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
PSEUDO, MODIFIED, OR TRUE SMALLPOX— WHICH IS IT?
Authors: H. M. BRACKEN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The first term is in common use at the present time. Let us analyze it. It is applied indiscriminately to a mild eruptive disease prevailing quite generally throughout the southern and middle states and, to a limited extent in other parts of the country. This disease is admittedly like smallpox in many of its characteristics, but those who use the above term in describing it insist that certain characteristics of smallpox are absent. I presume no one will dispute the fact that the disease prevailing so generally, whether accompanied by slight or severe symptoms, is one and the same when the line of infection is clearly continuous. It is therefore all smallpox or not smallpox. Let us consider carefully some of the arguments used against the diagnosis of this epidemic disease as true smallpox. First, the mildness of the disease! It is absurd in this day of advanced knowledge to
Current Concepts of Jaundice, with Particular Reference to Hepatitis
Authors: Lawrence E. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

Infectious and Serum Hepatitis‡The etiology of infectious hepatitis, like that of yellow fever, long remained a mystery, owing to a lack of susceptible experimental animals. During the war years, however, it was demonstrated by studies on human volunteers that the agent responsible for outbreaks of acute hepatitis is filterable and that it is present in the blood and stools and perhaps occasionally in the urine and nasopharyngeal washings of infected persons.47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Since it now appears that transmission occurs for the most part by fecal contamination53 , 55 56 57 and since ordinary chlorination of water fails to inactivate the agent,58 it is imperative . . .
HYDRALAZINE-NITROGLYCERIN COMBINATION REDUCES DIASTOLIC CALCIUM LEAK IN ADULT CARDIOMYOCYTES FROM NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE-1-DEFICIENT MICE
Authors: Raul A. Dulce, Daniel R. Gonzalez, Adriana V. Treuer, Joshua M. Hare
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE VISCERAL LESIONS PRODUCED IN MICE BY THE SALIVARY GLAND VIRUS OF MICE
Authors: Howard A. McCordock, Margaret G. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

Extensive visceral lesions containing intranuclear inclusions have been produced in mice by intraperitoneal and intracerebral inoculations of the homologous salivary gland virus. Rarely small pancreatic lesions containing inclusions have been encountered 2 weeks after subcutaneous inoculation. Many of the animals injected intraperitoneally died between the 4th and 7th day after inoculation. In spite of the extensive lesions produced in the liver and spleen, the virus could not be transferred with an emulsion of these organs.
1142-180 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha intron 7 polymorphism exhibits racial dimorphism and is associated with increased left ventricular mass
Authors: Lisa de las Fuentes, Sheng-Jing Dong, Alan D Waggoner, Sharon Cresci, Sharon Marsh, Howard L McLeod, Daniel P Kelly, Victor G Davila-Roman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: JOHN M. BATTEN
Journal: JAMA (1885)

During the last few years my recoveries of cases of diphtheria that I have treated have been 80 per cent. The remedies I have usually prescribed were chlorate of potash and tincture of the chloride of iron internally, with liberal sustaining diet and large doses of whisky at stated intervals. The local treatment consisted of gargling, penciling, or spraying the throat with a saturated solution of chlorate of potash, but latterly I have used lime water instead of the solution of chlorate of potash, and found it quite a beneficial local remedy. The physician, in order to be successful in the treatment of diphtheria, should see the patient at the commencement of the disease. The patient should be put immediately to bed in a large and well ventilated room, on the second or third floor. The temperature of the apartment should be about 65° F., the air of which should
The transcription factor IRF1 and guanylate-binding proteins target activation of the AIM2 inflammasome by Francisella infection
Authors: Si Ming Man, Rajendra Karki, R K Subbarao Malireddi, Geoffrey Neale, Peter Vogel, Masahiro Yamamoto, Mohamed Lamkanfi, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Abrasion and fatigue resistance of PDMS containing multiblock polyurethanes after accelerated water exposure at elevated temperature
Authors: Kimberly A. Chaffin, Charles L. Wilson, Adam K. Himes, James W. Dawson, Tarek D. Haddad, Adam J. Buckalew, Jennifer P. Miller, Darrel F. Untereker, Narendra K. Simha
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

Segmented polyurethane multiblock polymers containing polydimethylsiloxane and polyether soft segments form tough and easily processed thermoplastic elastomers (PDMS-urethanes). Two commercially available examples, PurSil 35 (denoted as P35) and Elast-Eon E2A (denoted as E2A), were evaluated for abrasion and fatigue resistance after immersion in 85 °C buffered water for up to 80 weeks. We previously reported that water exposure in these experiments resulted in a molar mass reduction, where the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction is supported by a straight forward Arrhenius analysis over a range of accelerated temperatures (37–85 °C). We also showed that the ultimate tensile properties of P35 and E2A were significantly compromised when the molar mass was reduced. Here, we show that the reduction in molar mass also correlated with a reduction in both the abrasion and fatigue resistance. The instantaneous wear rate of both P35 and E2A, when exposed to the reciprocating motion of an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) jacketed cable, increased with the inverse of the number averaged molar mass (1/Mn). Both materials showed a change in the wear surface when the number-averaged molar mass was reduced to ≈16 kg/mole, where a smooth wear surface transitioned to a 'spalling-like' pattern, leaving the wear surface with ≈0.3 mm cracks that propagated beyond the contact surface. The fatigue crack growth rate for P35 and E2A also increased in proportion to 1/Mn, after the molar mass was reduced below a critical value of ≈30 kg/mole. Interestingly, this critical molar mass coincided with that at which the single cycle stress–strain response changed from strain hardening to strain softening. The changes in both abrasion and fatigue resistance, key predictors for long term reliability of cardiac leads, after exposure of this class of PDMS-urethanes to water suggests that these materials are susceptible to mechanical compromise in vivo.
Rediscovery of Infarct Imaging by Cardiac CT⁎⁎Editorials published in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Pim J. de Feyter, Koen Nieman
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Angiotensin II inhibits insulin signaling in aortic smooth muscle cells at multiple levels. A potential role for serine phosphorylation in insulin/angiotensin II crosstalk.
Authors: F Folli, C R Kahn, H Hansen, J L Bouchie, E P Feener
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To investigate potential interactions between angiotensin II (AII) and the insulin signaling system in the vasculature, insulin and AII regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activation were examined in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Pretreatment of cells with AII inhibited insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity associated with IRS-1 by 60%. While AII did not impair insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) beta-subunit, it decreased insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 by 50%. AII inhibited the insulin-stimulated association between IRS-1 and the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase by 30-50% in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect of AII on IRS-1/PI 3-kinase association was blocked by the AII receptor antagonist saralasin, but not by AT1 antagonist losartan or AT2 antagonist PD123319. AII increased the serine phosphorylation of both the IR beta-subunit and IRS-1. In vitro binding experiments showed that autophosphorylation increased IR binding to IRS-1 from control cells by 2.5-fold versus 1.2-fold for IRS-1 from AII-stimulated cells, suggesting that AII stimulation reduces IRS-1's ability to associate with activated IR. In addition, AII increased p85 serine phosphorylation, inhibited the total pool of p85 associated PI 3-kinase activity, and decreased levels of the p50/p55 regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase. These results suggest that activation of the renin-angiotensin system may lead to insulin resistance in the vasculature.
ANGINA PECTORIS AND ARTERIOSCLEROSIS.
Authors: WILLIAM OSLER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In contrast to the many uncertainties relating to angina pectoris is the circumstance that in a large proportion of cases the attack is only an incident in the history of arteriosclerosis. Since Edward Jenner demonstrated postmortem disease of the coronary arteries, the association of a lesion of these vessels with the disease has been accepted as one of the best attested facts in cardiac pathology. Not that it has helped much to explain the mysterious nature of the pain of the attack, or all of the phenomena of the paroxysm. Pain in arteriosclerosis, as we see it in other parts, deserves a more careful study than it has jret received. In the head there is the association of migraine with arterial disease, the severe and characteristic headaches of arteriosclerosis and high pressure, and the agonizing pain in some cases of embolism of the cerebral arteries, more rarely in thrombosis. Abdominal
The MCAT Revisited
Authors: Robert D. Powers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

While completing a research fellowship and a residency in internal medicine at the University of Virginia, I served on the medical-school admissions committee. Last year I decided that it would be an interesting experience to take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). It struck me during one of our committee meetings that we were judging applicants on the basis of performance on a test of which we had very little first-hand knowledge. The MCAT has changed radically in recent years, and of the permanent committee members, no one has taken it since I took it as a college junior in . . .
Food Packaging and Bisphenol A and Bis(2-Ethyhexyl) Phthalate Exposure: Findings from a Dietary Intervention
Authors: Ruthann A. Rudel, Janet M. Gray, Connie L. Engel, Teresa W. Rawsthorne, Robin E. Dodson, Janet M. Ackerman, Jeanne Rizzo, Janet L. Nudelman, Julia Green Brody
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are high-production-volume chemicals used in plastics and resins for food packaging. They have been associated with endocrine disruption in animals and in some human studies. Human exposure sources have been estimated, but the relative contribution of dietary exposure to total intake has not been studied empirically.Objectives: To evaluate the contribution of food packaging to exposure, we measured urinary BPA and phthalate metabolites before, during, and after a "fresh foods" dietary intervention.Methods: We selected 20 participants in five families based on self-reported use of canned and packaged foods. Participants ate their usual diet, followed by 3 days of "fresh foods" that were not canned or packaged in plastic, and then returned to their usual diet. We collected evening urine samples over 8 days in January 2010 and composited them into preintervention, during intervention, and postintervention samples. We used mixed-effects models for repeated measures and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to assess change in urinary levels across time.Results: Urine levels of BPA and DEHP metabolites decreased significantly during the fresh foods intervention [e.g., BPA geometric mean (GM), 3.7 ng/mL preintervention vs. 1.2 ng/mL during intervention; mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxy hexyl) phthalate GM, 57 ng/mL vs. 25 ng/mL]. The intervention reduced GM concentrations of BPA by 66% and DEHP metabolites by 53–56%. Maxima were reduced by 76% for BPA and 93–96% for DEHP metabolites.Conclusions: BPA and DEHP exposures were substantially reduced when participants' diets were restricted to food with limited packaging.
Recurrence of hepatocellular cancer after liver transplantation: The role of primary resection and salvage transplantation in East and West
Authors: Quirino Lai, Alfonso W. Avolio, Jan Lerut, Gurusharan Singh, See Ching Chan, Pasquale B. Berloco, Giuseppe Tisone, Salvatore Agnes, Kenneth S. Chok, William Sharr, Massimo Rossi, Tommaso M. Manzia, Chung Mau Lo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Avoiding the Slippery Knot Syndrome
Authors: Melvyn Westreich
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—   letter by Drs Foley and McGinn (236:821, 1976) on The Slippery Knot Syndrome placed the blame for their slipping knots on the coated synthetic suture material.  blame perhaps lies elsewhere.   low coefficient of friction of these materials is well known to us here in Detroit 1 and has alerted us to the need of special care in knottying technique. Square knots must be square, and extra throws are placed. Great care must be taken in tying square knots, and even greater care in laying down square knots. If the knots are secure, the slippage rates of the synthetics and silk are almost equal. 1   In the illustration accompanying the letter of Drs Foley and McGinn, a tie with four perfect square knots is shown and should be quite secure. Slippage will occur, however, if the knot was tied, as most are, with tension applied
P1-057: False-positive and false-negative results of [18F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lessons learnt from clinical practice
Authors: Jose Belda-Sanchis, Mireia Serra-Mitjans, Ramon Rami-Porta, Jose Luis Heredia, Roma Bastus, Sonia Gonzalez, Lidia Canales, Guadalupe Gonzalez, Jose Maria Sole, Marc Simo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Regulatory body fails in bid to challenge GMC's ruling on suspension
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Council for the Regulation of Healthcare Professionals last week lost an appeal to the High Court against a decision by the General Medical Council (GMC) to suspend a GP for three months for sexual misconduct and dishonesty.

In one of its first cases, the new watchdog for health professionals' disciplinary bodies argued that the sanction was “unduly lenient” and should be reviewed to protect the interests of the public.

Mr Justice Leveson, who said the case raised interesting and important issues, dismissed the appeal but reserved his reasons to a later date.

He upheld a decision by the GMC last …
THE MYELINS AND POTENTIAL FLUID CRYSTALLINE BODIES OF THE ORGANISM.
Authors: J. GEORGE ADAMI
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The polarizing microscope, simple as it is with its Nicol's prisms—the two pieces of Iceland spar which can be turned at various angles one to the other—has not been a popular instrument in medical science. I take it that my own experience is that of other medical men. I can remember well a genial and enthusiastic colleague inviting me years ago to spend the evening with him, when he showed me slide after slide of various substances exhibiting exquisite figures under the Nicol's prisms. I know I thought the results too pretty to be useful—that the instrument was peculiarly well adapted for the use of members of microscopic societies and other amateurs of microscopy, but for the physician and pathologist it was at most a toy. I would here recant this early error and would acknowledge humbly that within certain limits the polarizing microscope shows itself a most valuable aid
Cystic Thyroid Mass Following I-131 Treatment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Unusual Complication
Authors: DONALD W. MORRISH, FRANK I. JACKSON, ZULFIKARALI H. LALANI, Z CATZ, RONALD SLOBODA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Several unusual complications of I-131 therapy for thyroid carcinoma are known. Two patients who developed a further unusual event that consisted of a palpable mass and cystic degeneration are described.
Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: A. Melero-Pita, F. Alonso-Pardo, J.L. Bardají-Mayor, J. Higueras
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: We commend Drs. Bartlett and Mundy on their review of community-acquired pneumonia (Dec.14 issue). 1 Having served as a chair or member of the Canadian and American Thoracic Society (ATS) consensus committees that developed guidelines for the treatment of communityacquired pneumonia, we would like to address the differences between the approaches to initial empirical antibiotic therapy recommended by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and by the Canadian and ATS consensus committees. 2,3 The BTS statement dealt only with hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia, whereas the Canadian and ATS statements dealt with both inpatients and outpatients.The BTS statement emphasized the importance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, while downplaying the importance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and gram-negative rods.The recommendations, however, were based in part on data from studies in which the definition of pneumonia was nonselective, sputum samples were not screened, and patients at risk for infection with gram-negative rods were essentially excluded.The BTS statement distinguished between pneumococcal pneumonia and "pneumonia of unknown etiology without features indicating severe or nonpneumococcal disease."In contrast, the Canadian and ATS statements stressed that clinical features do not necessarily predict the microbial cause.This view is supported by data clearly showing that the history, physical examination, chest radiograph, and laboratory tests do not reliably predict the microbial cause. 4 Drs.Bartlett and Mundy emphasize the need to identify the etiologic pathogen by Gram's staining and culture of sputum, plus selected serologic tests.The Canadian and ATS recommendations were less aggressive because of problems with the sensitivity and specificity of these tests and the lack of published data supporting their value.Although empirical therapy may be intellectually unappealing, studies of severe community-acquired pneumonia have shown that early appropriate (empirical) therapy directed at the likely pathogens can improve the outcome, whereas identification of the pathogen is not associated with improved survival rates. 5,6We are not opposed to appropriate diagnostic testing but would reserve it for suspected cases of infection with unusual or resistant pathogens or for infections that do not respond to initial empirical therapy.Drs. Bartlett and Mundy identify areas for future study.No guidelines should be accepted without attempts to validate their usefulness in terms of outcomes.
Signals and Noise in Drug Safety Analyses
Authors: William T. Cefalu, Julio Rosenstock, Robert R. Henry, Matthew Riddle
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

In this issue of Diabetes Care , our editorial team has decided to “push the envelope” by openly addressing a safety issue in drug development and monitoring that is gaining interest and provoking controversy. Traditionally, we have not felt it was our charge to comment on moral issues or political decisions related to aspects of medical care or delivery. Rather, it has been our goal and privilege to “survey the current landscape of clinical, research, and health care changes” and “to provide the most up-to-date information for our readers” (1). On one previous occasion we felt it was necessary to voice our opinion as an editorial on academic freedom (2), which we considered critical for the sake of scientific dialogue and collaboration across national borders. At present, we feel it is our charge to bring to the forefront another contentious topic that directly concerns the care of people with diabetes: the ongoing debate on the risks versus benefits of incretin-based therapies. Thus, in this issue we present four articles providing background material and specific arguments on this controversy.

As is currently well known and accepted, many parties have a stake in drug development, its regulation, and the subsequent use and monitoring of approved agents. Manufacturers of drugs and devices have obvious financial incentives to develop and market their products. We charge the regulatory agencies with guiding the process, approving safe agents for clinical use, and assuring long-term surveillance of their effects. The charge of the medical and scientific communities is to assist the pharmaceutical industry in developing new therapies, testing them, and advising how they can best be used in clinical practice. However, as outlined in a commentary by Dr. Eric P. Brass in this issue of Diabetes Care (3), the input of advisory committees is not always clear-cut in …