tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract PD04-09: Multiple Biomarker Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: RH Bruce, HB Hsieh, R Bennis, RT Krivacic, X Liu, P Frankel, S Lau, G. Somlo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Numeration of circulating tumor cells, CTCs, from metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts) is predictive of outcome. Biomarker characterization of CTCs may be a useful adjunctive guide for personalized targeted and systemic treatment (Rx) selection. Method: A multimarker assay was used to simultaneously quantify expression of HER2, ER and ERCC1. A fast laser scanning instrument was used for sensitive location of CTCs on large glass substrates. CTCs are identified using automated digital microscopy by morphology, the presence of cytokeratin and a nucleus, and the absence of CD45. At the COHCC pts with newly diagnosed/progressing MBC were accrued. Blood samples (10 ml) were procured prior to initiating systemic Rx and at subsequent 3 month intervals and sent to PARC for analysis. Cell lines with expression of each marker were used for normalization of the cell intensities. Sample scores were derived from the percentage of CTCs expressing the marker and the average expression level. Results: The multiple-marker assay was done on CTCs at repeat time points and results were compared to findings from the original primary BCs (P) and biopsied metastases (M) in 30 and 20 MBC pts respectively. While P and M tissue scores were concordant for HER2, the CTC score was discordant in 58% of the samples; HER2 expression changed during Rx in 19% of pts. While the status for ERCC1 was discordant between P and M tissue in 13% of the pts, CTCs scores were discordant with P and M tumors in 63% and 67% of the patients respectively, and CTC expression status changed during Rx in 15% and 7% of pts respectively. While the status for ER was discordant between P and M tissue in 15% of the pts, CTC scores were discordant from the P and M tumors in 42% and 71% of pts respectively, and CTC ER status changed in 7% and 17% respectively of pts during Rx. Conclusions: Significant discordances in expression level of ER, HER2 andERCC 1 was observed between CTCs, and both primary and metastatic BC tissue. Changes in CTC expression patterns were also observed during the course of Rx for all three markers. Correlation of CTC biomarker expression patterns and changes with response to Rx therapy is ongoing to validate medical significance. Multimarker testing may ultimately lead to improvements in personalized Rx for pts with MBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD04-09.
Computer Analysis of the RR Interval-Contractility Relationship during Random Stimulation of the Isolated Heart
Authors: FRITS L. MEIJLER, JAN STRACKEE, FRANS J. L. VAN CAPELLE, JEANNY C. DU PERRON
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Hemodynamic variability in patients with atrial fibrillation may originate from a direct influence of the variations in RR intervals on myocardial contractility. With the aid of a computer the serial autocorrelation function and the histogram of the RR intervals of patients with atrial fibrillation receiving no medication were produced. The RR intervals were randomly distributed and the histograms rather skew. Next, random rhythms with histograms matching those of the patients were produced with a radioactive source and a Geiger-Müller counter. These rhythms were used to stimulate isolated perfused rat hearts to study the relationship between the RR interval and a number of contractile parameters. The ECG and the isotonic contractions were digitized and processed by the computer. Serial crosscorrelation coefficients were computed between the RR interval on the one hand, and contraction height, contraction area, and maximum of the first derivative of the contraction on the other hand. The zero order crosscorrelation coefficient between the RR interval and contraction height was 0.6, between the RR interval and contraction area 0.8, and between the RR interval and maximum of first derivative 0.5. Although small, the first and second to approximately the tenth order coefficients were definitely negative. It is concluded that during a random rhythm the contractile parameters of an isolated heart are strongly related to the preceding RR interval. It is conceivable that this relation contributes to the variability of hemodynamic parameters during atrial fibrillation in man.
Identification of c-FLIPL and c-FLIPS as critical regulators of death receptor-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: C. Haag, D. Stadel, S. Zhou, M. G. Bachem, P. Moller, K.-M. Debatin, S. Fulda
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of pancreatic cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are still only partly understood and may involve antiapoptotic proteins such as c-FLIP. Here, the role of c-FLIP in the regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer was investigated. <h3>Methods</h3> Expression of c-FLIP<sub>L</sub> and c-FLIP<sub>S</sub> was analysed in primary pancreatic carcinoma samples, pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and primary tumour cells together with its function as a regulator of death receptor-induced apoptosis by knockdown and overexpression studies and through modulation by chemotherapeutics. <h3>Results</h3> c-FLIP is expressed in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN) lesions and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, whereas normal pancreatic ducts were consistently negative for c-FLIP. Simultaneous downregulation of c-FLIP<sub>L</sub> and c-FLIP<sub>S</sub> as well as individual knockdown of either isoform by RNA interference significantly enhances TRAIL (tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)- and CD95-induced caspase activation and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Also, pretreatment with chemotherapeutic drugs—that is, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin or gemcitabine—downregulates c-FLIP and renders cells sensitive to death receptor-triggered apoptosis. Similarly, primary cultured pancreatic cancer cells are primed for TRAIL-induced apoptosis by pre-exposure to 5-FU or cisplatin. Mechanistic studies revealed that 5-FU-mediated suppression of c-FLIP results in increased TRAIL-induced recruitment and activation of caspase-8 at the death-inducing signalling complex (DISC), leading to caspase-3 activation and caspase-dependent cell death. Overexpression of c-FLIP<sub>L</sub> rescues cells from 5-FU- or cisplatin-mediated sensitisation for TRAIL-induced apoptosis, indicating that c-FLIP suppression is a key event in this chemotherapy-mediated sensitisation to TRAIL. Further, concomitant neutralisation of c-FLIP and XIAP acts in concert to potentiate TRAIL-induced apoptosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Both the long and the short isoform of the antiapoptotic protein c-FLIP are critical regulators of death receptor-induced apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells and are suppressed by chemotherapeutics. Targeting either c-FLIP<sub>L</sub> or c-FLIP<sub>S</sub> is sufficient to promote death receptor-induced apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells. These findings have important implications for the design of TRAIL-based combination protocols in pancreatic cancer.
Platelet activation during pain crisis in sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Christina Beurling‐Harbury, Stanley G. Schade
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Platelet activation at sites of enmeshed sickled red cells in the microcirculation may contribute to platelet plug formation and microinfarction in sickle cell anemia. To test this hypothesis platelets from 116 sickle cell anemia patients free of crisis, 32 patients with crisis, 16 convalescents within 1 week of crisis, and 180 normal controls were studied. Platelets store 90% of their ADP in dense secretory granules. During activation ADP is secreted and permanently lost from the cell. This leads to a decrease in cellular ADP concentration and a sharp rise in the ATP/ADP ratio. ATP and ADP were ethanol‐extracted from platelet‐rich plasma, measured in the luciferase‐luciferin assay and expressed in nmoles per 10 8 cells. No adenine nucleotide differences were found in platelets from patients free of crisis compared with normal controls. The ADP concentration of platelets from patients in crisis was significantly lowered, indicating that in vivo platelet secretion of ADP had occurred. Total and released ADP was decreased from 2.69 to 1.66, and from 1.90 to 1.21 respectively, and the total ATP/ADP ratio was increased from 1.85 to 2.84 ( P &lt; 0.001). ADP stores in platelets from convalescents were significantly different from sickle controls ( P &lt; 0.001) but were less abnormal than ADP stores in platelets from crisis patients ( P &lt; 0.01), indicating recovery. Total and released ADP was decreased to 1.97 and 1.31 respectively, and the ATP/ADP ratio was increased to 2.38. Platelets from patients in crisis were able to release their remaining granular ADP in response to thrombin as effectively as normal platelets. Thus significant platelet activation with ADP release occurs during acute sickle pain crisis. This might contribute to platelet plug formation and microvascular obstruction.
Sudden Blindness Due to Intracranial Vascular Accident
Authors: Ora H. Wagman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

TOTAL blindness due to intracranial disease is of comparatively rare occurrence. Its sudden onset is even more unusual. Notwithstanding the infrequency of this condition, one may at some time encounter a case in which "blindness" is the sole presenting complaint. In these patients the onset and degree of visual loss, as well as their reaction and attitude to it, may vary widely.The primary purpose of this paper is to emphasize, in the form of a case report, the importance of intracranial vascular accidents as the cause of selective irreparable damage to the visual pathways. The case reported herewith has . . .
THE USE OF TROPA-COCAIN IN SPINAL ANESTHESIA.
Authors: WILLIAM P. ILLING
Journal: JAMA (1902)

At the last meeting of the Arkansas State Medical Society I read a paper on my experience with spinal anesthesia and reported 23 cases in full. In that paper I gave the technique and method of preparation in detail, and will not now consume your time by their repetition. Since last May I have had a varied experience with spinal anesthesia, having used the method on 80 different occasions. These comprise six obstetrical cases, of which three were instrumental deliveries—four multiparæ and two primiparæ. Two of these suffered from lacerated perineum—one a primipara, the other a multipara. In these six cases twenty minims of a 2 per cent. solution of cocain hydrochlorate was injected. These cases did not differ from any of the others on which I had used this method, the anesthesia appearing in the usual length of time and lasting one hour and ten minutes in the shortest
Prospective case-control comparison of percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization in patients with multivessel disease treated in 1986–1987 versus 1991: Improved in-hospital and 12-month results
Authors: Stephen G. Ellis, Michael J. Cowley, Patrick L. Whitlow, Michel Vandormael, A. Michael Lincoff, Germano DiSciascio, Larry S. Dean, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Oral antibiotics work as well as intravenous treatment in severe urinary tract infection
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Oral antibiotics are as effective as intravenous antibiotics in treating acute symptoms and preventing long term complications in severe urinary tract infection (UTI), according to a recent Cochrane review ( Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007;(4):CD003237).

The review analysed data from 15 studies of 1743 patients with severe, symptomatic urinary tract infection who received either oral or parenteral antibiotic treatment. They either used intravenous antibiotics throughout treatment or started with intravenous or intramuscular antibiotics before switching to oral antibiotics—“switch therapy”.

The results showed no evidence that oral antibiotics were less effective than …
Detection of drug-dependent antibodies by the51cr platelet lysis test: Documentation of immune thrombocytopenia induced by diphenylhydantoin, diazepam, and sulfisoxazole
Authors: Philip L. Cimo, Anthony V. Pisciotta, Rajendra G. Desai, Jose L. Pino, Richard H. Aster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract Sudden, severe thrombocytopenia developed in each of three patients receiving diphenylhydantoin, diazepam, and sulfisoxazole, respectively. Recovery followed discontinuance of the drugs. An antiplatelet antibody requiring the presence of an appropriate drug for interaction with platelets was demonstrated in each case by the 51 Cr platelet lysis test using normal, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuric, or enzyme‐treated normal platelets as target cells. These antibodies could not be detected by techniques that depend on clot retraction inhibition, complement fixation, or platelet factor‐3 activation. Quinine‐ and quinidine‐dependent antiplatelet antibodies in the serum of 16 patients who developed acute thrombocytopenia while taking either quinine or quinidine could be demonstrated readily with the 51 Cr platelet lysis test and could also be detected by other methods employed.
Smoke free hospitals: Withdrawal from cigarettes should not be confused with withdrawal from nicotine
Authors: M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR-As we showed in our editorial, there are many sound clinical reasons for stopping smoking, not least that it improves the chances of recovery (which is surely the aim of being in hospital).However, some responses to our editorial seem to confuse withdrawal from cigarettes with withdrawal from nicotine.1For those unable to do without nicotine, replacement therapy will satisfy their craving while they are in hospital (as your correspondents note) while reducing the risk of fire or pollution of the environment.Most importantly, it will allow it to be administered in a controlled manner that takes account of its physiological effects on those whose body systems may already be compromised.In response to Head, it is unethical to enable patients who are seriously ill to self administer a potent drug, with no idea of how much they are taking or how it might interact with the other drugs they are receiving.1The correspondents from the Royal Victoria Hospital also raise ethical issues.2Contrary to their assertion, smoking bans are achievable.The fact that many of their patients experience social disadvantage should be a reason to increase efforts to reduce smoking, not to despair that it is too difficult.
Spontaneous decapitation of a small colorectal cancer: follow-up of the spontaneous course
Authors: Y. Tomiki, H. Gonda, E. Seki, T. Maeda, D. Kitamura
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

An 80-year-old woman with a history of diabetes and arrhythmia underwent colonoscopy on 28 August 2000, because of a positive fecal occult blood test. An elevated tumor measuring 20 mm was found in the rectum ([Fig. 1 ] a). Biopsy of three different sites revealed well differentiated adenocarcinoma.
Preparation and Use of a Potent, New Antihemophilic Concentrate.
Authors: Edward Shanbrom
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Preparation and Use of a Potent, New Antihemophilic Concentrate.Edward Shanbrom, M.D., F.A.C.P., Lajos Fekete, B.S., Daphne Tse, B.S.Edward Shanbrom, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Lajos Fekete, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, Daphne Tse, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1086_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA potent, new antihemophilic (AHF) (factor VIII) concentrate has been prepared from human plasma by precipitation with glycine and polyethylene glycol. This material is from 100 to 400 times purified and contains from 30 to 100 units of AHF activity/ml. This glycine-precipitated material has been shown to be stable and effective when used in the treatment of patients with hemophilia A.The concentrate was prepared by large-scale fractionation of human plasma. The starting material for a batch was pooled cryoprecipitate obtained from 200 to 500 bottles of citrated human plasma (whole blood drawn into 4% citrate). Pooled cryoprecipitate was redissolved,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edward Shanbrom, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Lajos Fekete, B.S.; Daphne Tse, B.S.Affiliations: Los Angeles, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1086-1086KeywordsBlood plasmaChemical fractionationGlycineHemophilia APatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
ONE MAN WITH FIVE TESTES: REPORT OF CASE
Authors: George H. Day
Journal: JAMA (1918)

This case was referred to the urologic department, July 1, 1918, for confirmation by Major H. C. Loos, chief of the surgical service at Camp Bowie. The man in question was discovered by Major Loos at a local garage, where he was employed as a mechanic. After questioning the man and hearing his history, Major Loos was interested enough to have him report to the base hospital for examination. The case has since been presented to the Clinical Society of the Base Hospital, Camp Bowie, for examination. G. E. M., aged 19, of San Benito, Texas, presented a negative family and personal history other than that his father had died of typhoid ten years before. He had had gonorrhea twice, the first time at 17 years, and again six months before we saw him. The first time he knew he was other than normal was two years before, when on
Pediatric Use of Insulin Pumps: Longer Infusion Site Lifetime With NovoLog
Authors: Denis I. Becker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Insulin aspart (Novolog) and insulin lispro (Humalog) are rapid-acting insulin analogs suitable for mealtime use in an intensive insulin therapy regimen of multiple daily injections (MDIs). Insulin analogs administered just before meals improve postprandial glycemic control as compared with regular human insulin administered 30 min before meals (1,2). These rapid-acting analogs are soluble insulins and are effective in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (3,4).

P.L. is a 12-year-old male with a 4-year history of type 1 diabetes. Initial treatment with a mixed-split regimen of NPH insulin and insulin lispro in MDI therapy was reasonably well accepted, given the necessity of lifestyle modifications (patient was …
Generalized Pustular Psoriasis in a Child
Authors: J. Walter Kaye
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A RECENT series of 25,000 dermatological patients examined over a period of years 1 revealed 1,625 patients, or 6.5%, to have psoriasis. Of the latter, only 3 patients were diagnosed to have the rare variant of generalized pustular psoriasis.  Generalized pustular psoriasis was in fact first described in 1910 by von Zumbusch. 2 Later, Schaeffer 3 and Ebert 4 further contributed to its understanding. This variant, occurring in psoriatic patients, is characterized by an explosive generalized eruption, marked by high fever and toxicity, without evident precipitating cause. The dermatitis progresses from early discrete and sterile pustules to shallow subcorneal layers of pus, then to dry, brownish crusts, and finally to a generalized exfoliation. The disease is cyclic in nature, associated with complete clearance of the disseminated pustular phase and unexplained reexacerbations. Reports of occasional fatalities are recognized. 1,5 Moslein, 6 in an extensive review of the literature up to 1958,
Status epilepticus and diazepam.
Authors: S. N. Sinha
Journal: BMJ (1969)

IC,, BRNsH advantages that it is effective, can be given in a disposable syringe, is painless, odourless, and virtually non-toxic.It seems illogical to administer phenobarbitone or phenytoin intramuscularly to patients with severe recur- rent fits who almost certainly have had maximal doses of these drugs over the years.Occasional hypotensive reactions in seriously ill people should not be allowed to detract from the very real value diazepam has in the control of severe fits and the prevention of status epilepticus.-Iam, etc.,
THE ROLE OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE GENERALIZED SHWARTZMAN REACTION
Authors: C. Palmerio, S. C. Ming, E. Frank, J. Fine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Unilateral denervation of the renal pedicle was performed in a series of rabbits. 5 to 21 days later two intravenous injections of E. coli endotoxin were given 18 hours apart. In seven rabbits the generalized Shwartzman reaction developed in the non-denervated kidney. Four of the seven denervated kidneys did not show the reaction, and in the remaining three only a mild reaction was present. From these and previous observations we conclude that an intact sympathetic nervous system as well as endotoxin from the intestine, are necessary for the production of the generalized Shwartzman reaction.
Patient Education
Authors: Grace A. Lin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

videos, may be limited by low participation rates even in the setting of Internet access.Second, such endeavors should include assessments of why patients fail to use online resources to allow appropriate alterations in strategy.Third, more aggressive efforts to help subjects view the video might have increased usage rates.For example, our nurse could have walked subjects through the process of accessing the video on the reminder call.Fourth, Internet-based patient resources may not be suitable for all older patients or those with limited education.This becomes an important consideration as the nation prepares itself for online insurance exchanges and an expansion of Medicare's Physician Compare website.The Internet provides a unique platform for disseminating health information.However, limited patient interest and lower rates of internet access among older and less welleducated patients should be considered when planning Internet-based health care initiatives.