tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Hospital Mortality and Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Carine Milcent, Brigitte Dormont, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Philippe Gabriel Steg
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Women with acute myocardial infarction have a higher hospital mortality rate than men. This difference has been ascribed to their older age, more frequent comorbidities, and less frequent use of revascularization. The aim of this study is to assess these factors in relation to excess mortality in women. Methods and Results— All hospital admissions in France with a discharge diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were extracted from the national payment database. Logistic regression on mortality was performed for age, comorbidities, and coronary interventions. Nonparametric microsimulation models estimated the percutaneous coronary intervention and mortality rates that women would experience if they were “treated like men.” Data were analyzed from 74 389 patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction, 30.0% of whom were women. Women were older (75 versus 63 years of age; P &lt;0.001) and had a higher rate of hospital mortality (14.8% versus 6.1%; P &lt;0.0001) than men. Percutaneous coronary interventions were more frequent in men (7.4% versus 4.8%; 24.4% versus 14.2% with stent; P &lt;0.001). Mortality adjusted for age and comorbidities was higher in women ( P &lt;0.001), with an excess adjusted absolute mortality of 1.95%. Simulation models related 0.46% of this excess to reduced use of procedures. Survival benefit related to percutaneous coronary intervention was lower among women. Conclusions— The difference in mortality rate between men and women with acute myocardial infarction is due largely to the different age structure of these populations. However, age-adjusted hospital mortality was higher for women and was associated with a lower rate of percutaneous coronary intervention. Simulations suggest that women would derive benefit from more frequent use of percutaneous coronary intervention, although these procedures appear less protective in women than in men.
A COMPARISON OF THE METHOD OF EXCRETION OF NEUTRAL RED AND PHENOL RED BY THE MAMMALIAN KIDNEY
Authors: Eaton MacKay, Jean Oliver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

A direct examination with the method of perfusion of the excretion by the frog's kidney of phenol red and neutral red has shown that the dyes are eliminated in different manners as a result of different mechanisms. The former is excreted in much the greater part by the glomeruli; the latter by the tubules. Urea is excreted in a manner similar to phenol red. The indirect examination of the function of the mammalian kidney by means of excretion ratios has shown a like contrast between the manner of elimination of the two dyes, and here again was found a similarity in the manner of excretion of phenol red and urea. This would seem to be as close an examination as can be made with our present methods of experimentation of the question of the mechanism of the excretion of these substances by mammals. As the facts stand they constitute strong presumptive evidence that in mammals and amphibia the like results have arisen from like causes, phenol red and urea being eliminated chiefly through the glomeruli in both instances while neutral red is excreted principally through the tubules.
Trend in left handed presidents may be due to chance
Authors: J. Belsey
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Minerva describes the observation that there is a high frequency of left handed US presidents and says that only 13% of the population is left handed so this trend can’t be put down simply to chance.1 According to the website cited (www.anythingleft-handed.co.uk) there have been seven left handed presidents and, with both …
SEX-ENDOCRINE FACTORS IN BLOOD AND URINE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: ROBERT T. FRANK
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Note.  —This article and the articles in the previous issues ofThe Journalare part of a series published under the auspices of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry. Other articles will appear in succeeding issues. When completed, the series will be published in book form.—Ed.  The modern concepts of endocrinology have made it necessary to revise the obsolete humoral pathology of the ancients, which predicated four essential humors—blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile. Before the presence of hormones circulating in the blood had been demonstrated, the interpretation of many phenomena could be explained only by a humoral hypothesis. Today this hypothesis has been verified.  The first direct evidence by a specific test of hormones circulating in the blood was offered simultaneously and independently by Loewe1and his collaborators and by me and my group.2Since then other hormones have likewise been demonstrated in the circulation.  This contribution aims
Rehabilitating the Medical Specialist
Authors: George G. Spellman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —There is an almost universal assumption that the percentage of specialists will have to be reduced to increase the availability of quality medical care and to control costs.<sup>1</sup> Why can't a specialist provide better, more cost-effective care? Has the specialist pathetically lost his or her clinical skills so that he or she can no longer diagnose without expensive technology (eg, can a gastroenterologist no longer diagnose an ulcer without an expensive endoscopic photo session)? Or has the specialist willingly been seduced by the profitable perplexity usually danced as the now familiar two-step: "I agree this case is very perplexing" followed by "We will have to study this patient" (eg, cardiac catheterization). Further, high-tech dependence has discredited the specialist's clinical skills so that many primary care physicians consider their skills to be equal to the specialists'. Although not an easy sell to the savvy patient or tort
Can we build it better? Using BAC genetics to engineer more effective cytomegalovirus vaccines
Authors: Mark R. Schleiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The magnitude and durability of immunity to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) following natural infection is compromised by the presence of immune modulation genes that appear to promote evasion of host clearance mechanisms. Since immunity to HCMV offers limited protection, rational design of effective vaccines has been challenging. In this issue of the JCI, Slavuljica and colleagues employ techniques to genetically modify the highly related mouse CMV (MCMV), in the process generating a virus that was rapidly cleared by NK cells. The virus functioned as a safe and highly effective vaccine. Demonstration of the ability to engineer a safe and highly effective live virus vaccine in a relevant rodent model of CMV infection may open the door to clinical trials of safer and more immunogenic HCMV vaccines.
Most known fossil fuel reserves must remain unused to meet climate change targets
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Most of the known reserves of fossil fuels need to remain in the ground if global warming is to stay below 2°C by 2050, a new analysis has found.

A third of oil reserves, half of gas, and 80% of coal need to stay unburnt to keep global temperatures within 2°C of the pre-industrial average, a target accepted as adequate to avoid the worst consequences of climate change, two scientists from the Institute for Sustainable Resources at University College London have said in a paper in Nature. 1

The implication is that if governments are serious about meeting the target they will have to abandon plans to exploit their fossil fuel reserves to the maximum. Moreover, exploring for new supplies, such …
Duodenal Perforation Secondary to Placement of a Biliary Endoprosthesis Diagnosed by Multislice Computed Tomography
Authors: G. Novacek, M. Hörmann, S. Puig, F. Herbst, A. Püspök, R. Schöfl
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Duodenal perforation secondary to an endoscopically placed biliary endoprosthesis is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. We report the case of a patient with cholangiocarcinoma in whom a biliary plastic endoprosthesis was used for palliation.
Abstract 5465: Modulation of DMS612 (BEN) pharmacokinetics and metabolism in mice by disulfiram, and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
Authors: Robert A. Parise, Jan Beumer, Dana Clausen, Merrill Egorin, Joseph Covey, Julie Eiseman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: DMS612 (NSC 281612, BEN) is an alkylating agent in clinical trials based on its in vitro and in vivo activity against renal cell carcinoma. We previously reported that BEN is rapidly metabolized into its carboxylic acid (BA), and that BEN and BA undergo chemical degradation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that BEN is rapidly metabolized into at least 13 different analytes in vivo. We hypothesized that BEN is metabolized to BA by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). In an attempt to increase the exposure to BEN, we explored the effect of the ALDH inhibitor disulfiram on the pharmacokinetics of BEN in mice. Materials &amp; Methods: Female CD2F1 mice were dosed with either 20 mg/kg BEN i.v. alone or 24 h after the i.p. administration of 300 mg/kg disulfiram. Plasma and urine concentrations of BEN and its metabolites were quantitated by LC-MS/MS. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated non-compartmentally. Urinary excretion of BEN and metabolites was calculated as percentage of the dose. Results: BEN was metabolized to at least 13 different products as previously reported. In the BEN alone study, BEN was metabolized quickly with a half-life &amp;lt;5 min. The half-lives of the metabolites were &amp;lt; 2 h. Pretreatment with disulfiram resulted in a 300-fold increase in exposure to BEN, from AUC0-inf 143 ng/mL*min to 40,515 ng/mL*min, while BA exposure remained similar, at AUC0-inf 254,280 ng/mL*min after BEN alone to AUC0-inf 274,947 ng/mL*min after disulfiram. In addition, the half-lives and AUCs of some of the metabolites in the BEN + disulfiram study appeared to be longer than when BEN was administered alone. Urinary excretion of BEN was increased 50% after disulfiram (from 1% to 1.5 % of the dose), BA excretion accounted for 5.8% of the dose after BEN alone and this was not markedly affected by disulfiram pretreatment. Conclusions: BEN is rapidly metabolized into many metabolites, which could affect the efficacy of BEN as an anti-neoplastic agent. We have demonstrated that by administering the ALDH inhibitor disulfiram the exposure to BEN is greatly increased, suggesting that ALDH is at least partly responsible for the rapid metabolism of BEN. However, the plasma exposure to BA increased only 8%. Our results will aid in the interpretation of ongoing clinical studies with BEN, which include genotyping for ALDH. Support: N01-CM07106, N01-CM52202, P30-CA47904. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5465. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5465
Comprehensive Human Physiology: From Cellular Mechanisms to Integration
Authors: Panayotis G. Iatridis
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<i>Comprehensive Human Physiology</i>, edited by Greger and Windhorst, is an impressive addition to the human physiology textbooks now available. The editors have made an extra effort to produce a complete treatise of physiological concepts and content. The chapter authors are internationally known physiologists. The editors' goal was not merely to add another physiology text but rather to provide a textbook that incorporates recent developments in the field. It is clear that new knowledge in physiology requires revision of concepts, especially at the molecular and cellular level. Another need is to better understand principles in physiology as an integrated<i>holon</i>. As the editors indicate in their preface, the goal of the physiologist is "to understand how cells are coordinated to function as an organ, how organs cooperate in systems, and finally, how systems function as an integrated mechanism in the somatomotor and neurovegetative behavior of the whole organism when adapting to
Foreword and acknowledgements
Authors: H. Schaefer, M. Prunieras, B. Shroot, M. W. Greaves, L. Juhlin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Foreword and acknowledgements Get access H. Schaefer, H. Schaefer Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Prunieras, M. Prunieras Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Shroot, B. Shroot Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. W. Greaves, M. W. Greaves The Institute of Dermatology, University of London, London, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Juhlin L. Juhlin University Hospital Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s28, 1 July 1985, Page iii, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb15618.x Published: 01 July 1985
Should prisoners have a say in prison health care ?
Authors: L. Birmingham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Unlikely scenarios of 1997We are approaching that utterly depressing time of year again when the Ulster calendar deviates from the Julian; over here, it's January, February, March, March, March.March: the only verb in the English language which always begins with a capital.Is strife inevitable?Perhaps not if we imagine this unlikely scene.Orangeman (inhaling deeply): "My child, my flower, my flower child, we were kind of wondering if you'd mind us boogieing along your road."Resident: "OK, Rasta-man, come on down and we'll groove on it for a while.And hey, bring some records.
A gifted teacher and storyteller writes about his medical adventures
Authors: D. L. Breo
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulmonary veno‐occlusive disease in pulmonary Langerhans′ cell granulomatosis
Authors: K. Hamada, S. Teramoto, N. Narita, E Yamada, K Teramoto, L Kobzik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

This report describes unusual clinical and pathological findings in a 29-yr-old female with pulmonary Langerhans9 cell granulomatosis (LCG). During a 7-yr clinical course her condition deteriorated despite corticosteroid therapy, and she died of respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension. At autopsy, there were widespread pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) lesions as well as abundant advanced and healed lesions of pulmonary LCG composed of multiple cysts and stellate fibrosis. The present case demonstrates that pulmonary Langerhans9 cell granulomatosis should be considered as a possible cause of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.
Cancer and Leukemia Group B Surgery Committee
Authors: Leslie J. Kohman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Surgeons play a vital role in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B by providing patients and specimens for studies of the common solid tumors, and more recently, by serving as investigators who conduct surgically focused research protocols and contribute to the correlative science studies in the Group. Surgical activities encompass thoracic, gastrointestinal, breast, and genitourinary cancers and melanoma. Surgical quality assurance is also an important focus. This article will describe the development and importance of a robust and vigorous surgical component to a strong cooperative group and highlight the many trials conducted by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B surgeons and their contributions to advancement of the care of the patient with solid organ malignancy.
Ascending and Transverse Aortic Arch Repair
Authors: Anthony L. Estrera, Charles C. Miller, Taek-Yeon Lee, Pallav Shah, Hazim J. Safi
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— The benefit of retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) with profound hypothermic circulatory arrest has been subject to much debate. We examined our experience with ascending and transverse arch repairs to determine the impact of retrograde cerebral perfusion on stroke and mortality. Methods and Results— Between August 1991 and June 2007, we performed 1107 repairs of the ascending and transverse aortic arch. RCP was used in 82% of cases (907 of 1107). Sixty-two percent were men (682 of 1107); median age was 64 years (range, 16 to 93 years). Perioperative variables were evaluated using univariate and multivariable analysis for mortality and stroke. Thiry-day mortality was 10.4% (115 of 1107). Stroke occurred in 2.8% (31 of 1107) of patients. Univariate risk factors for mortality were increasing age ( P &lt;0.0001), history of coronary artery disease ( P =0.02), previous coronary artery bypass ( P =0.02), emergency status ( P &lt;0.0001), acute dissection ( P =0.02), rupture ( P =0.0001), preoperative glomerular filtration rate, bypass time ( P &lt;0.0001), crossclamp time ( P &lt;0.007), RCP time ( P &lt;0.0001), and packed red blood cell transfusions ( P =0.0001). Univariate risk factors for stroke included emergency status ( P &lt;0.02), cerebrovascular disease ( P &lt;0.02), and crossclamp time ( P &lt;0.04). Independent risk factors for mortality were glomerular filtration rate &lt;90 mL/min ( P =0.0004), emergency status ( P =0.006), rupture ( P =0.004), cardiopulmonary bypass time &gt;120 minutes ( P &lt;0.04), and packed red blood cell transfusions ( P =0.0002). Risk factors for stroke were emergency status ( P &lt;0.009) and hypertension ( P &lt;0.05). RCP was protective against mortality and stroke. Conclusions— The use of RCP with profound hypothermic circulatory arrest was associated with a reduction in mortality and stroke. The use of RCP remains warranted during repairs of the ascending and transverse aortic arch.
THE THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF THE ORGANIC EXTRACTS.
Authors: O. T. OSBORNE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

A few years ago we listened with interest, wonder, and often incredulity to a paper on organic extracts, but since that time we have heard so many papers and read so much on the use and abuse of these extracts, that one feels like apologizing for talking on this subject. We can no longer treat of these internal secretions together, but each one now claims a separate discussion, and if you will bear with me I will try to present a few facts and thoughts concerning the thyroid, thymus, pituitary and suprarenal glands. Though Schiff had experimented in 1859,<sup>1</sup>he did not impress upon the profession, the scientific value of his experiments on thyroidectomized dogs until 1884.<sup>2</sup>Horsley and other observers<sup>3</sup>have confirmed Schiff's work, and Halsted<sup>4</sup>has shown the interesting fact that removal or injury of a portion of the thyroid can stimulate the rest
Intervention with bacterial adhesion by multivalent carbohydrates
Authors: Roland J. Pieters
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2006)

Abstract Bacterial adhesion is often a prelude to infection. In many cases, this process is governed by protein–carbohydrate interactions. Intervention at this early stage of infection is a conceptually highly attractive alternative to conventional antibiotics that are increasingly prone to resistance. The lack of high‐affinity inhibitors of adhesion has proven to be a hurdle for further exploitation of this concept; however, new developments indicate a positive change. Structure‐based design at the monovalent level and also evaluation of glycodendrimers and glycopolymers have yielded structures of high affinity. In addition to the development of inhibitors, topics of this review include available structural information of adhesion proteins, carbohydrate specificities of the various pathogens and their adhesion proteins. Other new developments aimed at affecting bacterial adhesion and the use of the adhesins for bacterial detection are also discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 6, 796–816, 2007
miR-30e targets IGF2-regulated osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, aortic smooth muscle cells, and ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Wen Ding, Jihe Li, Jayanti Singh, Razan Alif, Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron, Samirah A. Gomes, Joshua M. Hare, Lina A. Shehadeh
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Activation of an osteogenic transcriptional program contributes to the initiation of aortic calcification in atherosclerosis.The role of microRNAs in regulating aortic calcification is understudied.We tested the hypothesis that miR-30e regulates an osteogenic program in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and ApoE 2/2 mice. Methods and resultsIn aortas of wild-type mice, we found that miR-30e is highly expressed in medial SMCs.In aortas of old ApoE 2/2 mice, we found that miR-30e transcripts are down-regulated in an inverse relation to the osteogenic markers Runx2, Opn, and Igf2.In vitro, miR-30e over-expression reduced the proliferation of MSCs and SMCs while increasing adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and smooth muscle differentiation of SMCs.In MSCs and SMCs over-expressing miR-30e, microarrays and qPCR showed repression of an osteogenic gene panel including Igf2.Inhibiting miR-30e in MSCs increased Igf2 transcripts.In SMCs, IGF2 recombinant protein rescued miR-30e-repressed osteogenic differentiation.Luciferase and mutagenesis assays showed binding of miR-30e to a novel and essential site at the 3 ′ UTR of Igf2.In ApoE 2/2 mice, injections of antimiR-30e oligos increased Igf2 expression in the aortas and livers and significantly enhanced OPN protein expression and calcium deposition in aortic valves. ConclusionmiR-30e represses the osteogenic program in MSCs and SMCs by targeting IGF2 and drives their differentiation into adipogenic or smooth muscle lineage, respectively.Our data suggest that down-regulation of miR-30e in aortas with age and atherosclerosis triggers vascular calcification.The miR-30e pathway plays an important regulatory role in vascular diseases.