tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Third Gas: H2S Regulates Perfusion Pressure in Both the Isolated and Perfused Normal Rat Liver and in Cirrhosis *
Authors: Stefano Fiorucci, Elisabetta Antonelli, Andrea Mencarelli, Stefano Orlandi, Barbara Renga, Giovanni Rizzo, Eleonora Distrutti, Vijay Shah, Antonio Morelli
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract The regulation of sinusoidal resistance is dependent on the contraction of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) around sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) through paracrine cross-talk of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a recently discovered gas neurotransmitter, is a putative vasodilator whose role in hepatic vascular regulation and portal hypertension is unexplored. Four-week bile duct–ligated (BDL) rats with cirrhosis and control rats were treated daily with NaHS (56 μmol/kg) for 5 days. Isolated livers were perfused first with NaHS for 20 minutes and then with norepinephrine (NE) and the intrahepatic resistance studied. In normal rats and animals with cirrhosis, administration of NE resulted in a dose-dependent increase of portal pressure. This effect was attenuated by H2S treatment ( P &lt; .05). The H2S-induced relaxation of hepatic microcirculation was attenuated by glibenclamide, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channel inhibitor. l-Cysteine, a substrate of cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), decreased vasoconstriction in normal rat livers ( P &lt; .05) but failed to do so in livers with cirrhosis. BDL resulted in a downregulation of CSE mRNA/protein levels and activity ( P &lt; .05). Our in vitro data demonstrate that CSE is expressed in hepatocytes, HSCs, but not in sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC). HSC activation downregulates CSE mRNA expression, resulting in a defective production of H2S and abrogation of relaxation induced by l-cysteine. In conclusion , CSE-derived H2S is involved in the maintenance of portal venous pressure. The reduction of CSE expression in the liver with cirrhosis contributes to the development of increased intrahepatic resistance and portal hypertension. (Hepatology 2005.)
Insulin resistance in total lipodystrophy: Evidence for a pre-receptor defect in insulin action
Authors: Michael P. Golden, M.Arthur Charles, Edward R. Arquilla, Gayle L. Myers, Barbara M. Lippe, William C. Duckworth, Oscar F. Zuniga, Sterling M. Tanner, Ann M. Palmer, Maureen Spell, Jose Ocariz
Journal: Metabolism (1985)
Sequelae of Thorotrast.
Authors: Z. A. Leitner
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Epidemic CollapseSIR,-Referring to the mysterious illness among pupils at a girls' school reported in the B.M.7.for 16 October (p.950) the fact that laboratory investigations so far have proved negative prompts me to relate an incident with which I was concerned at a mixed secondary modern school some years ago.I was called to this school one morning by the head teacher as a number of pupils had been taken ill.When I arrived I found that some of the children had already been sent home not feeling well.Others were lying in classrooms and corridors exhibiting various stages of " collapse."Among those I examined some had
Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Monte S. Meltzer, Donald R. Skillman, Peter J. Gomatos, D. Chester Kalter, Howard E. Gendelman
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1990)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
" God and the Doctor we Alike Adore."
Authors: N. H. Church
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, Dec. 5, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Regarding the quotation you inquire about I think that you have slightly misquoted. At the time this appeared in print, something like seven to ten years ago, I cop ied these lines, which were accredited to<i>Texas Journal</i>. They read as follows: " God and the doctor we alike adore Just on the brink of danger, not before; The danger passed, both are alike requited, God is forgotten, and the doctor slighted." 5 Blue Island Ave.
BMX bike injuries: the latest epidemic.
Authors: S M Soysa, M L Grover, P J McDonald
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In the auditory cortex of awake animals, a substantial number of neurons do not respond to pure tones. These neurons have historically been classified as “unresponsive” and even been speculated as being nonauditory. We discovered, however, that many of these neurons in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of awake marmoset monkeys were in fact highly selective for complex sound features. We then investigated how such selectivity might arise from the tone-tuned inputs that these neurons likely receive. We found that these non-tone responsive neurons exhibited nonlinear combination-sensitive responses that require precise spectral and temporal combinations of two tone pips. The nonlinear spectrotemporal maps derived from these neurons were correlated with their selectivity for complex acoustic features. These non-tone responsive and nonlinear neurons were commonly encountered at superficial cortical depths in A1. Our findings demonstrate how temporally and spectrally specific nonlinear integration of putative tone-tuned inputs might underlie a diverse range of high selectivity of A1 neurons in awake animals. We propose that describing A1 neurons with complex response properties in terms of tone-tuned input channels can conceptually unify a wide variety of observed neural selectivity to complex sounds into a lower dimensional description.
NAS on Lead
Authors: HAROLD H. SANDSTEAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1972NAS on LeadHAROLD H. SANDSTEAD, M.D.HAROLD H. SANDSTEAD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-2-330_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The UCLA Conference on "Heavy Metal Poisoning," moderated by Jean S. Felton, which appeared in the May 1972 issue, is a fine short review of the state of our knowledge regarding two important environmental pollutants. It is unfortunate that the discussions were so brief. Your readers may be interested to know that the National Academy of Sciences Committee has recently published a comprehensive review on lead,Airborne Lead in Perspective. Those interested in lead may find this document a useful resource.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1972Volume 77, Issue 2Page: 330-330KeywordsHeavy metals Issue Published: 1 August 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Respiratory Disease in Young Adults: Influence of Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Tract Illness, Social Class, Air Pollution, and Smoking
Authors: J. R. T. Colley, J. W. B. Douglas, D. D. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The prevalence of cough during the day or night in winter has been studied in 3,899 20-year-olds. These were members of a cohort born in England, Scotland, and Wales in the last week of March 1946. The prevalence of cough and current smoking habits have been related to events recorded during infancy and childhood-that is, exposure to air pollution, social class of father, and lower respiratory tract illness under 2 years of age. At age 20, of these factors cigarette smoking was found to have the greatest effect on symptom prevalence, followed by a history of a lower respiratory tract illness under 2 years of age. Social class and air pollution had little effect.
Asymptomatic Reactivation of JC Virus in Patients Treated with Natalizumab
Authors: Yiping Chen, Evelyn Bord, Troy Tompkins, Janice Miller, Chen S. Tan, R. Philip Kinkel, Marion C. Stein, Raphael P. Viscidi, Long H. Ngo, Igor J. Koralnik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) occurs in a fraction of patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with natalizumab. Most adults who are infected with the JC virus, the etiologic agent in PML, do not have symptoms. We sought to determine whether exposure to natalizumab causes subclinical reactivation and neurotropic transformation of JC virus.
Abstract IA18: Molecular basis for cancer susceptibility in Bloom's syndrome
Authors: Ian D. Hickson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract BLM is a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases, and is the protein defective in the cancer predisposition disorder, Bloom's syndrome. This autosomal recessive disorder is also associated with fertility, immune system and skin abnormalities. BLM forms part of an evolutionarily conserved complex of proteins including Topoisomerase IIIa, RMI1 and RMI2 (collectively called the BTRR complex). The BTRR complex has a well-defined role in S-phase, but our recent studies have uncovered a novel function in mitosis. All proliferating cells must faithfully segregate their newly replicated sister chromatids during mitosis. Any perturbation of this process, arising from either endogenous or exogenous sources, can lead to cell death or chromosomal instability. We have shown previously that common fragile site loci are difficult to segregate in anaphase and, as a result, create so-called ultra-fine anaphase bridges (UFBs). These bridges are present in virtually all cells in early anaphase and are decorated along their length by a SNF2 family protein, PICH, and the BTRR complex. We hypothesize that common fragile sites fail to complete replication in S-phase, which necessitates that action of the PICH and BTRR proteins to disentangle the incompletely replicated DNA in anaphase itself. We are analyzing these processes in yeast, chicken and human cells. For example, we have generated a PICH-deficient chicken DT-40 cell mutant, and have devised a system in yeast to generate a site-specific, artificial fragile site by blocking converging replication forks. Biochemically, we are analyzing the ability of purified PICH and BTRR proteins to disentangle a DNA substrate in vitro that mimics the structure that would form as two replication forks converge. We have also recently discovered a link between the action of DNA structure-specific nuclease, MUS81-EME1, and the frequency of fragile site expression and UFB formation. Results of these studies will be discussed. Citation Format: Ian D. Hickson. Molecular basis for cancer susceptibility in Bloom's syndrome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Susceptibility and Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes; Jan 29-Feb 1, 2014; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CANSUSC14-IA18
The functional role of representations cannot explain basic implicit memory phenomena
Authors: Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The propositional account of explicit and implicit knowledge interprets cognitive differences between direct and indirect test performance as emerging from the elements in different hierarchical levels of the propositional representation that have been made explicit. The hierarchical nature of explicitness is challenged, however, on the basis of neuropsychological dissociations between direct and indirect tests of memory, as well as the stochastic independence that has been observed between these two types of tests. Furthermore, format specificity on indirect test of memory challenges the basic notion of a propositional theory of implicit and explicit knowledge.
Hematologic aspects of human immunodeficiency virus infection: Laboratory and clinical considerations
Authors: Luke A. Perkocha, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Hematologic abnormalities are common in patients with HIV infection. This review will focus on HIV‐associated cytopenias and coagulation abnormalities. Their occurrence, laboratory evaluation, and clinical significance and the mechanisms underlying their development are discussed. Therapeutic modalities are presented, with an emphasis on treatment strategies for HIV‐associated thrombocytopenia.
Interpretation of the HJ interval of the normal ballistocardiogram based on the principle of conservation of momentum and aortic ultrasonic Doppler velocity measurements during left ventricular ejection
Authors: W S SEITZ, M B McILROY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The principle of conservation of momentum and the observation that blood acceleration in the ascending aorta is approximately constant during ventricular ejection was applied to develop a new interpretation of the HI and IJ intervals of the normal ballistocardiogram. The results indicate that the acceleration (A), velocity (V), and displacement (D) of the ballistocardiogram in the HI and IJ phases may be expresed by a set of equations which, when evaluated numerically, give theoretical acceleration, velocity, and displacement curves. The theoretical A, V, and D curves corresponded closely to those observed on the normal ballistocardiogram record during the HJ interval.
Racial Differences in the Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Risk of Retinopathy Among Individuals With NIDDM
Authors: Emily L Harris, Susan Feldman, C Rahj Robinson, Steven Sherman, Angeljki Georgopoulos
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To assess whether the prevalence of retinopathy differs between blacks and whites with diabetes and to examine differences between blacks and whites in the relationship between risk factors for and prevalence of retinopathy. Population data suggest diabetic retinopathy is either more prevalent or more severe in blacks than in whites. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from a screening study for retinopathy among patients with diabetes, conducted in Maryland from 1986–1990. RESULTS After adjusting for age, duration of diabetes, type of treatment for diabetes, and presence or absence of high blood pressure, black men with NIDDM were ∼23% more likely to have retinopathy than other race-sex groups (not statistically significant). We also found a different relationship between systolic blood pressure and retinopathy prevalence in blacks than in whites among individuals with NIDDM. Among blacks, the risk increased as systolic blood pressure increased, even within the normal range, and reached statistical significance at &amp;gt; 150 mmHg. Among whites, the risk was increased only among those with high systolic blood pressure (&amp;gt;140 mmHg) and did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that differences exist between blacks and whites in risk of diabetic retinopathy, and that the effect of blood pressure on risk of retinopathy differs between blacks and whites.
Common Genetic Variants in Proinflammatory and Other Immunoregulatory Genes and Risk for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Sophia S. Wang, James R. Cerhan, Patricia Hartge, Scott Davis, Wendy Cozen, Richard K. Severson, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Meredith Yeager, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Profound disruption of immune function is an established risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We report here a large-scale evaluation of common genetic variants in immune genes and their role in lymphoma. We genotyped 57 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 36 candidate immune genes in 1,172 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 982 population-based controls from a US multicenter study. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between individual SNP and haplotypes with non-Hodgkin lymphoma overall and five well-defined subtypes. A haplotype comprising SNPs in two proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and lymphotoxin-α (rs1800629, rs361525, rs1799724, rs909253, and rs2239704), increased non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk overall (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63; P = 0.01) and notably for diffuse large B cell (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.23-2.19; P = 0.0007). A functional nonsynonymous SNP in the innate immune gene Fcγ receptor 2A (FCGR2A; rs1801274) was also associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma; AG and AA genotypes were associated with a 1.26-fold (95% CI, 1.01-1.56) and 1.41-fold (95% CI, 1.10-1.81) increased risk, respectively (Ptrend = 0.006). Among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes, the association with FCGR2A was pronounced for follicular and small lymphocytic lymphomas. In conclusion, common variants in genes influencing proinflammatory and innate immune responses were associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk overall and their effects could vary by subtype. Our results require replication but potentially provide important clues for investigating common genetic variants as susceptibility factors and in disease outcomes, treatment responses, and immunotherapy targets. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9771-80)
Re: Paolo Gontero, Richard Sylvester, Francesca Pisano, et al. Prognostic Factors and Risk Groups in T1G3 Non–Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Patients Initially Treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: Results of a Retrospective Multicenter Study of 2451 Patients. Eur Urol 2015;67:74–82
Authors: Francesco Montorsi, Giorgio Gandaglia
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase: a new player in heart failure?
Authors: Y Zhou
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

See article by Lutz et al. [33] ( pages 48 -55) in thisPhosphorylation of these Ca handling proteins leads to issue.positive chronotropic, inotropic and lusitropic effects, which provide support for the failing heart.b-Adrenergic Despite considerable efforts, the incidence, prevalence stimulation, as the most potent natural cAMP generator and mortality of heart failure remain high in most in-and the primary regulatory mechanism of cardiac function dustrialized countries [1,2].This is partially due to the in the normal heart, was among the first choice of complex nature of the heart failure syndrome.As a final treatments for heart failure patients [6].Another reason for outcome of many types of heart disease, the degree of b-adrenergic receptors as the target for heart failure heart failure varies from case to case depending on the treatments is that diminished cardiac response to b-adrenpathological history, genetic basis and environmental ergic stimulation (associated with a selective down regulabackground.However, the most common feature of the tion of b -adrenergic receptors, upregulation of b-ARK1
Diagnosis and management of drug allergy in adults, children and young people: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: K. Dworzynski, M. Ardern-Jones, S. Nasser
Journal: BMJ (2014)

All drugs have the potential to cause side effects or “adverse drug reactions,” but not all of these are allergic in nature. The diagnosis of drug allergy can be challenging, and there is considerable variation both in how drug allergy is managed and in geographical access to specialist drug allergy services.1 On the basis of a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) analysis of hospital episode statistics, about half a million people admitted to NHS hospitals each year in England and Wales have a diagnostic label of “drug allergy,” with the most common being penicillin allergy.2 Fewer than 10% of people who think they are allergic to penicillin are truly allergic.3 Inadequate clinical documentation of allergic drug reactions and a lack of patient information (provided to and by patients) may lead to an inappropriate label of allergy to penicillin or other drugs remaining on a medical record. This can prevent future prescription even when clinically indicated. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from NICE on drug allergy.4 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group’s experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Assessment When a course of treatment with a drug is started a patient may experience adverse symptoms for a variety of reasons. Not all reactions are caused by the drug itself and careful assessment is needed to establish the correct cause. Signs and allergic patterns of suspected drug allergy
A Rare Complication of Twin Delivery
Authors: S. Bender, S. E. Prebble
Journal: BMJ (1961)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAin the right iliac fossa for the preceding 24 hours, but this passed off after defaecation before the boy arrived at the hospital.He admitted to twinges of similar but less severe pain at times in the past.There was no fever, the right side of the scrotum was empty, and the testis was not palpable in the inguinal canal.He returned on November 17 with recurrence of the symptoms, especially on lying down, and tenderness to pressure in the right iliac fossa.On examination no real tenderness was demonstrable and the patient was afebrile.He attended again the same evening because of an aching pain in the right groin.There was marked tenderness over the right inguinal canal, and there was a slight swelling of the right groin compared with the left.There was also a small lump presenting at the internal ring, with a definite cough impulse.His tempera- ture was 990 F. (37.2°C.) and pulse 104 a minute.Sub- acute torsion of an undescended testis was diagnosed.At operation a small congenital hernial sac with a wide neck was disclosed, with the right testis emerging into the inguinal canal through the internal ring.The right testis was three-quarters the size of the left but otherwise apparently normal.Arising from the caput of the epididy- mis was a small pedunculated gangrenous appendage wrapped in omentum.The appendage was excised and orchiopexy performed.Macroscopically the appendage was a dull, plum-coloured ovoid mass, 7 mm.long by 4 mm.wide, which from the site of attachment of its pedicle appeared to be an appendix epididymis.Microscopical examination showed: " A tubular columnar epithelium, rather like that of epididymis but spoiled by autolysis.The outer covering is completely missing, probably for the same reason.It does not resemble the available specimens of torsion of the hydatid of Morgagni, none of which has internal tubules."Comment.-This case demonstrates the confusion which can occur in diagnosing this condition.Whether the cause of the torsion was the obvious attempt of the testis at descent is a matter for speculation.There seems to be no previous record of torsion of the appendix epididymis associated with maldescent of the
“Very like a whale”: Analogies about the mind need salient similarity to convey information
Authors: David Spurrett, Jeffrey Martin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Knobe relies on unhelpful analogies in stating his main thesis about the mind. It isn't clear what saying the mind works, or doesn't work, “like a modern university” or “a scientific investigation” means. We suggest he should say that some think that human cognition respects a ban on fallacies of relevance, where considerations actually irrelevant to truth are taken as evidence. His research shows that no such ban is respected.