tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae as a Local Application in Small-Pox
Authors: J. Gabb
Journal: BMJ (1857)

urethra abouit a pint of blood.This was repeated three or four times during the night, my assistant remaining with him.Decenmber 25th.He had slightly rallied.The treatment was continuied.December 26r)th.Hiccup conitinued; this was relieved by bits of ice.He still complained of pain in the groini.Gallic acid, with hydrargyrum cum creti, were given three timiies a day.December 27th.IHe continues very much the same.I ordered beef-tea and branidy to be continlued.The urine was albuminous.Decemiiber 28th.The bowels not having been opened, I ordered lalf an ounce of castor oil, an(d this to be repeated in three houirs.As he complained of a general pain all over tlle abdomeni, and tympanitis, a linseed poultice was applied, and in- crease-d loses of the hydrargyruimi cum creth with opiumn.The gallic acid wvas omiiitted.Ice was continiually giveni; this ie- lieved the hiccup anid v-omiting, w*hiclh had reappeared.By these means, the pain over the abdomen was relieved; and, without any other severe symptomiis, the wound gradually healed; and, oni the 14th of January, he was able to be re- moved to his ow-n home-a distance of nearly half a mile.I still continued to visit an(d watch the case daily.January 21st.I perceived, for the first time, a slight fuliiess over the wouinded part, at about the situation of the internal opening of the wounid; this gradually enlarged, without muich pain.I tlhought that, in all probability, it was a collection of pus, the deep parts not lhav-ingunited so soon as the external parts.No pain was complain-etd of, only the fulness; and, as Nature lbad doine so muheli for my patient, I thought that I would leave the abscess to her care also, unless urgent symp- toms should ariise.January 25th.On examining his urine unider the micro- scope, pus-globules were found, wvith exudation cells.I there- fore thoughnt that it would be advisable to openi the abscess, for fear of roischief by pressuie uiponthe kidney.January 26th.I made a valvular openling into the tumour, whichi had nowv reached the size of a sinall chlild's head.About a pirnt of iuinle immediately escaped, loaded with phosphate
Albumin selectively inhibits TNFα-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human aortic endothelial cells
Authors: W Zhang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Leukocyte adhesion to, and transmigration across, the vascular endothelium are critical initiating steps in inflammation and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that albumin, the major plasma protein, acts as an anti-inflammatory agent towards endothelial cells. Methods and Results: To test the hypothesis, we studied the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on TNFα-induced expression of adhesion molecules in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). We found that incubation of HAEC for 16 h with BSA (0.5–5%, w/v) dose-dependently inhibited TNFα-induced mRNA and protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), but not intercellular adhesion molecule-1 nor E-selectin. Yeast recombinant human serum albumin exerted similar inhibitory effects on VCAM-1 expression, whereas γ-globulin was ineffective. BSA also significantly inhibited TNFα-induced adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to HAEC in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BSA strongly inhibited activation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). For example, the physiologically relevant concentration of 5% BSA inhibited NF-κB activation by 90±7%, VCAM-1 mRNA and protein expression by 81±4 and 80±13%, respectively, and THP-1 adhesion by 73±9% (n = 3). The inhibitory effect of BSA on TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression was not attenuated by inhibition of intracellular GSH synthesis. Conclusions: Our data show that physiological concentrations of albumin selectively inhibit TNFα-induced upregulation of VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion, most likely by inhibiting NF-κB activation in a GSH-independent manner.
CHARACTERIZATION OF REGIONAL HETEROGENEITY IN LEFT ATRIAL RESERVOIR AND CONDUIT FUNCTION BY SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Samir K. Saha, Paula L. Anderson, Giuseppe Caracciolo, Susan Wilansky, Anatoli Kiotsekoglou, James C. Moggridge, Satish C. Govind, A.J. Camm, Lars-Ake Brodin, Partho P. Sengupta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Budd-Chiari syndrome in a young patient with anticardiolipin antibodies: need for prolonged anticoagulant treatment.
Authors: R J Ouwendijk, J C Koster, J H Wilson, J Stibbe, J S Lameris, W Visser, J P Benhamou
Journal: Gut (1994)

The case of a 20 year old woman is reported with Budd-Chiari syndrome in whom lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies were shown; treatment with oral anticoagulants induced a considerable improvement. This treatment was interrupted after one year; interruption was followed by redevelopment of ascites. Further treatment with anticoagulants was continued for five years with noticeable improvement. When treatment with oral anticoagulants was stopped because of pregnancy, the patient redeveloped ascites and had a spontaneous miscarriage. Subsequently, treatment with oral anticoagulants was reintroduced and again resulted in noticeable improvement. In conclusion patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome should be tested for lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies, Budd-Chiari syndrome resulting from this cause may have a good response to treatment with oral anticoagulants; this treatment should be maintained permanently, and pregnancy in such patients may initiate serious difficulties.
The Role of Circulating Glucose and Triglyceride Concentrations and Their Interactions with Other “Risk Factors” as Determinants of Arterial Disease in Nine Diabetic Population Samples from the WHO Multinational Study
Authors: Kelly M West, M M S Ahuja, Peter H Bennett, Arthur Czyzyk, Oscar Mateo De Acosta, John H Fuller, Bernard Grab, Vili Grabauskas, R John Jarrett, Kosaka Kosaka, Harry Keen, Andrezej S Krolewski, Eishi Miki, Volker Schliack, Arthur Teuscher, Peter J Watkins, Judy A Stober
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

In 9 of the 14 national samples of diabetic patients assembled for the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes additional laboratory data made it possible to relate manifestations of macrovascular disease to blood glucose concentrations as well as to diabetes duration and to other potential determinants. In five of the samples, serum triglyceride concentrations were also measured and were included in simple and multivariate analyses. Ischemic heart disease defined from Minnesota-coded EKGs and standardized WHO questionnaires was more strongly associated with serum triglyceride concentrations than with serum cholesterol concentrations, an association less notable in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Ischemic heart disease was not related to the single fasting plasma glucose estimated for this study. Stroke and amputation were much more strongly related to the known duration of diabetes than was ischemic heart disease, and they were both related to blood glucose concentration measured at the time of study. Despite major variation in arterial disease prevalence rates between collaborating centers, risk for diabetic women appeared to equal that for diabetic men. The major variation in arterial disease prevalence between national groups could be accounted for only in part by the risk factors studied. Other factors, genetic or more likely environmental, are likely to contribute to the variation in arterial disease susceptibility and, if definable, may be potentially preventable.
Advantages of treatment of ascites without sodium restriction and without complete removal of excess fluid.
Authors: T B Reynolds, F L Lieberman, A R Goodman
Journal: Gut (1978)

Two modifications of the standard method of treatment of ascites in chronic liver disease were investigated in three separate randomised trials involving a total of 201 patients. These modifications were (1) an unrestricted sodium intake and (2) limitation of diuresis to partial removal of ascites, to the point of relief of abdominal tension. Mean serum sodium fell significantly in all patient groups receiving the low sodium diet and did not fall in the groups given an unrestricted diet. Mean serum urea nitrogen rose significantly in the patient groups undergoing complete diuresis and did not change in the groups undergoing partial diuresis. Mean serum uric acid rose only in the groups undergoing complete diuresis. We concluded that the advantages of these two modifications of therapy of ascites were increased dietary palatability and decreased likelihood of hyponatraemia and of rise in serum urea nitrogen and uric acid. Disadvantages included dissatisfaction of patients over incomplete clearing of ascites, occasional difficulty in performing diagnostic studies because of prolonged ascites, and unsuitability of a high sodium intake in patients whose ascites is highly refractory to treatment.
Patients in England waited 6% longer for elective operations in 2011, says report
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Waiting times for eight common elective operations in England have risen for the second year running with 18 628 fewer procedures carried out in 2011 compared with 2010, shows an audit carried out by the Patients Association.

The figures cast doubt on claims by government that changes being imposed on the NHS and demands for efficiency savings will not affect patient care. The association is calling for action to ensure that waiting times do not increase this year and says that greater transparency is needed on waiting times in individual clinical areas.

Altogether 95 out of the 150 acute trusts in England responded to the freedom of information request from the association asking for data on waiting times and number of operations on eight operations: hip, knee, hernia, tonsillectomy, adenoid, gallstone, …
Reproductive Autonomy and Normalization of Cesarean Section
Authors: Peter Shiu-Hwa Tsu
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

"Reproductive Autonomy and Normalization of Cesarean Section." The American Journal of Bioethics, 12(7), pp. 61–62 Acknowledgments This research was funded by Taiwan's National Science Council (NSC 101-2410-H-038-001-MY2).
Mary L. Efron, MD
Authors: C. R. Scriver
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In the January issue of the<i>American Journal of Diseases</i><i>of Children</i>, friends and colleagues of the late Mary L. Efron, MD, illustrate, with their own work, the type of advances in the medical sciences which she made in her own brief scintillating career. This is a collection of papers describing work which was either begun by her before her death in August 1967 or was in some manner associated with her particular interests. The range and complexity of these publications may delight and stimulate some; yet it may also confound others. Dr. Efron would have preferred the former response, and her fantastic energy was always directed towards preventing the latter outcome. The papers cover a number of topics: A characteristically elegant last paper on urinary excretion of D-amino acids is reported by Dr. Efron, her husband, and associates. A newly recognized error in the little known area of metabolism
Characterization of the Relationship of AAV Capsid Domain Swapping to Liver Transduction Efficiency
Authors: Xuan Shen, Terry Storm, Mark A Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors show promise for use in gene therapy. For liver-targeted gene transfer in animals, AAV vectors pseudotyped with the AAV serotype 8 (AAV8) capsid have definite advantages over the widely used but less efficient serotype AAV2, even though the capsid amino acid sequences are 82% conserved. To demonstrate the mechanism behind the higher liver transduction efficiency associated with AAV8 capsids, we adopted a domain-swapping strategy that would generate 27 chimeric capsid genes containing exchanged domains between AAV2 and AAV8. The resulting chimeric capsids were then used to package AAV genomes with a liver-specific human coagulation factor IX (hFIX) expression cassette. By comparing the transduction efficiencies between vectors pseudotyped with chimeric, AAV2 and AAV8 capsids, we found that the more efficient liver transduction achieved by AAV8 was closely related to the components of its interstrand Loop IV domain, particularly the subloops 1 and 4. These subloops are exposed on opposite sides of a threefold proximal peak on the virion surface, which may function as a critical structural determinant for AAV transduction. Because a single specific peptide component could not explain all the observed differences in the transduction parameters, we suggest that important subloop regions require interaction with other portions of the capsid for their functioning. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors show promise for use in gene therapy. For liver-targeted gene transfer in animals, AAV vectors pseudotyped with the AAV serotype 8 (AAV8) capsid have definite advantages over the widely used but less efficient serotype AAV2, even though the capsid amino acid sequences are 82% conserved. To demonstrate the mechanism behind the higher liver transduction efficiency associated with AAV8 capsids, we adopted a domain-swapping strategy that would generate 27 chimeric capsid genes containing exchanged domains between AAV2 and AAV8. The resulting chimeric capsids were then used to package AAV genomes with a liver-specific human coagulation factor IX (hFIX) expression cassette. By comparing the transduction efficiencies between vectors pseudotyped with chimeric, AAV2 and AAV8 capsids, we found that the more efficient liver transduction achieved by AAV8 was closely related to the components of its interstrand Loop IV domain, particularly the subloops 1 and 4. These subloops are exposed on opposite sides of a threefold proximal peak on the virion surface, which may function as a critical structural determinant for AAV transduction. Because a single specific peptide component could not explain all the observed differences in the transduction parameters, we suggest that important subloop regions require interaction with other portions of the capsid for their functioning.
Reduction of arthritis following intra-articular administration of an adeno-associated virus serotype 5 expressing a disease-inducible TNF-blocking agent
Authors: J Adriaansen, M Khoury, C J de Cortie, F J Fallaux, P Bigey, D Scherman, D J Gould, Y Chernajovsky, F Apparailly, C Jorgensen, M J B M Vervoordeldonk, P P Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<b>Background:</b> In the context of preclinical development, we studied the potential of intra-articular gene delivery using a recombinant adeno-associated virus 5 (rAAV5) encoding a chimeric human tumour necrosis factorα (TNFα) soluble receptor I linked to a mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain Fc portion (TNF receptor I; TNFRI-Ig). <b>Methods:</b> Expression was under control of a nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-responsive promoter and compared with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (rAAV5.NFκB-TNFRI-Ig and rAAV5.CMV-TNFRI-Ig, respectively). <b>Results:</b> Fibroblast-like synoviocytes transduced in vitro with rAAV5.NFκB-TNFRI-Ig were able to produce TNFRI-Ig protein in response to several stimuli, and this was inhibited upon treatment with a specific NFκB blocking agent. A bioassay revealed that the synthesised TNFRI-Ig was bioactive, showing a higher affinity for human than for rat TNFα. Transcription of the transgene and protein production were detectable in joints injected with both constructs. No dissemination of the vector was observed outside the joints. A significant reduction in paw swelling was seen in rats treated with rAAV5.NFκB-TNFRI-Ig. This clinical effect was accompanied by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and an increase in IL10 expression in the synovium. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results provide evidence that intra-articular gene therapy using rAAV5 encoding TNFRI-Ig may be a safe and feasible approach for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The higher affinity for human TNFα suggests that in patients with rheumatoid arthritis the therapeutic effect might be even more pronounced than in rat adjuvant arthritis.
Clinical Electroneurography: An Introduction to Nerve Conduction Tests
Authors: Roberto P. Segura
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This is the second edition of a book concerned solely with nerve conduction studies. The first chapter is a brief review of peripheral nerve anatomy and function, supplemented by an anecdotal survey of major historical contributions in chronological order. The next three chapters deal with different aspects of peripheral nerve function in a variety of clinical entities, as well as factors influencing nerve conduction. Techniques for testing of motor and sensory fibers are explained in detail, emphasizing the methodology preferred by the authors. The rest of the book is divided into sections pertaining to peripheral nerve studies in the face, neck, trunk, and upper and lower limbs. A final chapter is dedicated to diseases of the neuromuscular junction. Descriptions of techniques tend to be needlessly repeated throughout the text. There are also repetitions of identical lengthy paragraphs, as well as a few misspellings and some erroneous labeling of figures in
979-31 Intravenous Infusion of ATP Increases Coronary Blood Flow and Improves Ischemia via Elevation of Myocardial Adenosine Levels due to Degradation of ATP
Authors: Koichi Node, Masafumi Kitakaze, Kazuo Komamura, Tetsuo Minamino, Toshinao Kurihara, Yukihiro Koretsune, Michihiko Tada, Michitoshi Inoue, Masatsugu Hori, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Biliary Manometry in Swine: A Unique Endoscopic Model for Teaching and Research
Authors: P. J. Pasricha, T. G. Tietjen, A. N. Kalloo
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Biliary manometry, the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, is associated with technical and methodological problems. The lack of a suitable experimental model has hindered efforts to solve these problems. We report here on the first practical animal model for endoscopic biliary manometry, similar in technique to the procedure in humans. Piglets were sedated and intubated with a standard human duodenoscope. A standard water-perfused manometry catheter was inserted into the bile duct. The biliary sphincter was identified by a zone of high-pressure activity with superimposed phasic contractions. The sphincter responded normally to the administration of cholecystokinin and morphine by relaxation and contraction, respectively. This model should be useful for training in biliary manometry, and facilitate technical innovations in the field. Since it is relatively atraumatic, it may also be better than existing surgical models for studying the normal physiology and pharmacology of the sphincter of Oddi.
Calcitriol treatment improves methyl aminolaevulinate-based photodynamic therapy in human squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells
Authors: E. Cicarma, M. Tuorkey, A. Juzeniene, L-W. Ma, J. Moan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL) provides a new, approved method for treatment of skin cancer and its precursors. However, MAL-based PDT is not very efficient for poorly differentiated skin carcinoma. Thus, novel strategies to enhance the PDT effect are needed.In order to improve the efficacy of MAL-based PDT, we investigated the effect of adding calcitriol, a prodifferentiation hormone, to human squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells in vitro.A short course (24 h) of calcitriol pretreatment was applied in A431 cells, and, subsequently, MAL-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was measured.Calcitriol pretreatment of the cells elevated their PpIX levels. Furthermore, the cell damage after exposure to blue light was significantly higher in calcitriol-treated cells. Increased photoinactivation correlated with higher levels of PpIX in the calcitriol-pretreated cells.Calcitriol enhances MAL-based PDT in A431 cells.
Acute Optic-Nerve Infarction in Carotid Dissection
Authors: Sang Bae Ko, Kiwon Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 33-year-old man presented to the emergency room after a massive object fell onto his head and neck. An acute epidural hematoma on the left side was identified and evacuated. On subsequent physical examination, the patient was stuporous and had flaccid hemiplegia on the right side and a dilated left pupil that was not responsive to light stimulation. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive infarctions of the left, middle, and bilateral anterior cerebral artery territories (Panel A). In addition, hyperintense lesions (Panel B) were observed in the bilateral optic nerves (arrowheads) and optic chiasm (arrow), findings that were consistent with . . .
[688] THE ISOPRENYLATED LARGE HEPATITIS DELTA ANTIGEN ACTIVATES STAT-3 AND NFicB VIA ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS AND PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES
Authors: V. Williams, S. Brichler, I. Dusanter, I. Komla Soukha, C. Sureau, R. Fagar, P. Deny, E. Gordien
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
World Bank report examines India's approach to tackling AIDS
Authors: Sanjay Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Only 2% (12 000) of the estimated 555 000 AIDS patients in India are getting antiretroviral treatment, says a new report by the World Bank.

Moreover, the report says, more than half of the patients receiving antiretrovirals are not adhering to the regimen by the end of first year, mainly because of the high cost of the drugs and tests. Most of the treatment is in “unstructured” form—in other words, it is not conforming to the treatment guidelines issued by the World Health Organization.

In the absence of strict adherence to a three drug regimen, …
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions caused by iodixanol: An assessment of cross-reactivity in 22 patients
Authors: Frédéric Hasdenteufel, Julie Waton, Vanina Cordebar, Myriam Studer, Olivier Collignon, Samuel Luyasu, Etienne Beaudouin, Jean-Marie Renaudin, Martine Morisset, Gisèle Kanny, Annick Barbaud
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Migrainelike Headache and Cocaine Use
Authors: Sally L. Satel
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Migrainelike headache is a sequela of cocaine use. This finding expands the range of neurological complications of cocaine use and is consistent with the potential role of serotonin in the development of migraine. In these subjects, the desire to avoid the cocaine-induced headache eventually became part of the resolve to quit use. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:2995-2996)