tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observations on some diurnal rhythms in depressive illness.
Authors: A. Elithorn, P. K. Bridges, M. C. Lobban, B. E. Tredre
Journal: BMJ (1966)

A viscous mucoid fluid occasionally accumulates after intratesticular inoculation of rabbits with Treponema pallidum. Experiments were performed to assess the effects of this testicular fluid on the development of syphilitic lesions. Intramuscular injections of this fluid altered host defences as indicated by shorter incubation periods, by reactivation of healing lesions, and by the presence of lesions at a time when solid immunity should have developed.
Cell cycle-associated changes in receptors for IgE during growth and differentiation of a rat basophilic leukemia cell line.
Authors: C Isersky, H Metzger, D N Buell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-1) showed an inverse relationship between growth rate and expression of receptor activity for IgE. After prolonged exponential growth, the number of receptors per cell stabilized at 4-6 times 10-5. Cells in stationary cultures, which are arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, continued to accumulate up to 0.9-1.7 times 10-6 receptors/cell with no increase in volume. Upon resuspension in fresh medium at low density, these cells were shown to lose up to 70% of the receptor activity within 4 h. Assessment of cultures synchronized by double thymidine block and cells fractionated by centrifugation of a Ficoll gradient indicated that the RBL-1 cells acquire receptors in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. No accumulation of active receptors occurred during the S and G2 phases, though the average cell volume increased. Cell division resulted in a drop in number of receptors per cell while the number of cell-bound receptors in the culture remained unchanged. This indicates that during mitosis receptors were simply distributed to daughter cells.
PROSTATECTOMY.IS IT WISE TO TRY TO MAKE ANT ONE OPERATIVE METHOD APPLY TO ALL CASES?
Authors: EUGENE FULLER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The excellent results which follow the radical removal of obstructing prostatic hypertrophy have caused the profession as a body to change its position of skepticism, or I might say almost open hostility toward the radical operation, to one of lukewarm favor. Before the time of McGill's operative work a surgeon called in one of these cases had nothing to suggest aside from the catheter. After that time, however, it becoming more or less generally known that operative surgery at the hands of a few pioneers had effected cures in these cases, a surgeon in consultation no longer felt safe in confining his discussion entirely to the catheter. He had to bring up the subject of radical operation, if only to condemn it, so far as that particular case was concerned. Next in order came the various surgical makeshifts devised to get around the troublesome subject of radical operation. Beside being
Physical Activity and Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Authors: I-Min Lee, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Nancy R. Cook, JoAnn E. Manson, Julie E. Buring
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextPhysically active women have lower coronary heart disease (CHD) rates than inactive women. However, whether the association differs by intensity of activity or in women at high risk for CHD is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the relation between physical activity, specifically investigating walking (a light-to-moderate activity depending on pace), and CHD among women, including those at high risk for CHD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort study of 39 372 healthy female health professionals aged 45 years or older, enrolled throughout the United States between September 1992 and May 1995, with follow-up to March 1999. Recreational activities, including walking and stair climbing, were reported at study entry.Main Outcome MeasureCorrelation of CHD with energy expended on all activities, vigorous activities, and walking.ResultsA total of 244 cases of CHD occurred. Adjusting for potential confounders, the relative risks (RRs) of CHD for less than 200, 200-599, 600-1499, and 1500 or more kcal/wk expended on all activities were 1.00 (referent), 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.12), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.37-0.82), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.50-1.12), respectively (P for linear trend = .03). Vigorous activities were associated with lower risk (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.38-1.04 comparing highest and lowest categories). Walking also predicted lower risk among women without vigorous activities. Among these women, the multivariate RRs for walking 1 to 59 min/wk, 1.0 to 1.5 h/wk, and 2 or more h/wk, compared with no regular walking, were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.57-1.29), 0.49 (95% CI, 0.28-0.86), and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.29-0.78), respectively. For walking paces of less than 3.2 km/h (2.0 mph), 3.2 to 4.7 km/h (2.0-2.9 mph), and 4.8 km/h (3.0 mph) or more, compared with no regular walking, RRs were 0.56 (95% CI, 0.32-0.97), 0.71 (95% CI, 0.47-1.05), and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.30-0.90), respectively. When analyzed simultaneously, time spent walking (P for linear trend = .01) but not walking pace (P for linear trend = .55) predicted lower risk. The inverse association between physical activity and CHD risk did not differ by weight or cholesterol levels (P for interaction = .95 and .71, respectively), but there were significant interactions by smoking and hypertension status. Physical activity was inversely related to risk in current smokers but not hypertensive women (P for interaction = .01 and .001, respectively).ConclusionsThese data indicate that even light-to-moderate activity is associated with lower CHD rates in women. At least 1 hour of walking per week predicted lower risk. The inverse association with physical activity was also present in women at high risk for CHD, including those who were overweight, had increased cholesterol levels, or were smokers.
Merritt's Textbook of Neurology
Authors: Michael P. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This text is both easy and difficult to review. It is easy to review because it is a good book: generally well written, very well edited, and comprehensive. It remains disease oriented, as were the previous editions, when the book was the solo enterprise of Dr Merritt. Overall, the editor has been successful in preserving the tone and the voice of Dr Merritt throughout this multiauthored text. Readers of early editions will find this volume familiar. There is, however, variation in the quality of the contribution. I found several sections to be particularly valuable and clearly written— brain edema, tardive dyskinesia, myasthenia gravis, and sleep disorders are some of the areas that were exemplary. I recommend the book to anyone who needs ready access to contemporary information about neurological diseases. In particular, internists, neurosurgeons, physiatrists, and psychiatrists would find this book a useful addition to their libraries. The difficulty in
Medical care in the inner cities.
Authors: M A Downham, R MacGibbon, G M Preston, S M Tyrrell
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Health services do not in the long term hold the key to the health and happiness of those living with the problems of our urban society.To a large extent these problems are an inevitable result of our political and economic philosophy.This does not mean, however, that the doctor and the nurse can with a free conscience cede their responsibilities to the politician and the economist and the philosopher; because there are real con- tributions, in terms of both alleviation and prevention, that health services can make, but are not making, to the special problems of inner cities.Can general practice, the institutional core of our primary health care service, the envy of health services in other countries, provide the answers?I no longer believe that it can in its present form.Why is general practice not working?First, because of its "geographic disintegration."The principle that patients must be free to choose their doctor, and doctors to choose their patients, has led to widely scattered practice lists.The city GP, unlike his rural or small-town counterpart, cannot identify with a community, live in it and learn its ways, see it as his responsibility.He has to deal with too many health visitors, social workers, schools, housing departments, and voluntary agencies to be able to make constructive working relationships.Similarly his patients do not see him as their undisputable source of help, and are often deflected by a crisis to casualty departments or community services.Secondly, the health problems in inner cities, to an even greater extent than in other communities, very often involve a mixture of social, medical, and educational factors, which
An assessment of the diagnostic value of the monoclonal antibodies Leu 8, OKT9, OKT10 and Ki67 in cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates
Authors: MARLYN L. TURBITT, RONA M. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Biopsies from 63 patients, 40 with mycosis fungoides (MF) and 23 with other lymphocytic infiltrates, were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to differentiation antigens (OKT10, Leu 8), to activation antigens (OKT9), and to an antigen expressed by all dividing cells (Ki67) to establish whether this panel was of value in the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. None of these antibodies used in isolation was found to give a staining pattern specific for mycosis fungoides, but the phenotype Leu 3a+, OKT9+, Leu 8- of the majority of lymphocytes in the cutaneous infiltrate was strongly suggestive. The presence of Leu 3a+ Leu 8- lymphocytes is of particular interest in that in the peripheral blood both of normal subjects and of MF patients Leu 3a+ lymphocytes also are predominantly Leu 8+, were the lymphocytes in the cutaneous infiltrates of the non-MF infiltrates included in this study.
Surgery in South Asia
Authors: Musthaq Ahmed, Asad Raja, Samiran Nundy
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A private complication of a public problem 

It is difficult to write about surgery in South Asia with any sense of pride. In most of the region health care, and especially surgical care, is concentrated in major hospitals in big cities. In villages and small towns the health infrastructure exists on paper, but even minor procedures are not carried out because equipment does not work, and surgeons are reluctant to undertake operations for which they are not well trained.

In a community survey of surgical emergencies in the northern areas of Pakistan, the incidences of acute abdominal, trauma, and obstetric emergencies therefore far exceeded the rates of acute surgical intervention.1 In rural areas of Pakistan the overall rate of surgery was 124/100 000 patients per year compared with 8253/100 000 in the United States. Death rates were correspondingly high. Even in city hospitals the situation is not much different. …
Adiponectin is independently associated with apolipoprotein B to A-1 ratio in Koreans
Authors: Jong Suk Park, Min Ho Cho, Ji Sun Nam, Jeong Seon Yoo, Yoon Bum Lee, Jung Min Roh, Chul Woo Ahn, Sun Ha Jee, Bong Soo Cha, Eun Jig Lee, Sung Kil Lim, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Detection, characterization, and bioavailability of membrane-associated iron in the intact sickle red cell.
Authors: T Sugihara, T Repka, R P Hebbel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

It is hypothesized that membrane-associated iron in the sickle red cell is of pathophysiologic importance, but the actual existence of such iron in the intact cell has been questioned. Using a strategy whereby membrane iron can be detected through its bioavailability for catalyzing peroxidation, we used phospholipid exchange protein to load membranes of intact erythrocytes (RBC) with approximately 2% phosphatidylethanolamine hydroperoxide (PEOOH) and monitored the development of peroxidation by-products during subsequent incubation. Normal RBC loaded with PEOOH developed very little peroxidation, but vitamin E-replete sickle RBC showed an exuberant peroxidation response that was not seen in cells loaded with control nonoxidized phosphatidylethanolamine. Ancillary studies of sickle RBC revealed that the catalytic iron included both heme iron and free iron located at the bilayer inner leaflet. Significantly, these studies also revealed that peroxidation after PEOOH loading is promoted by cellular dehydration and inhibited by hydration, thus identifying a dynamic interaction between hemoglobin (sickle >> normal) and membrane lipid. High-reticulocyte control RBC and sickle trait RBC behaved exactly like normal RBC, while HbCC RBC and RBC having membranes gilded with hemoglobin iron because of prior exposure to acetylphenylhydrazine showed an abnormal peroxidation response like that of sickle RBC. Indeed, the peroxidation response of RBC loaded with PEOOH paralleled amounts of iron measured on inside-out membranes prepared from them (r = 0.783, P < 0.01). These studies corroborate existence of membrane-associated heme and free iron in the intact sickle cell, and they document its bioavailability for participation in injurious peroxidative processes. That association of cytosolic sickle hemoglobin with membrane lipid is modulated by cell hydration status provides a mechanism that may help explain increased development of oxidative membrane lesions in abnormally dehydrated sickle RBC regardless of the mechanism underlying their formation.
Osseous resective surgery
Authors: GIANFRANCO CARNEVALE, WAYNE B. KALDAHL
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2000)

Osseous resective surgery necessitates following certain guidelines for proper recontouring of the alveolar bone and proper management and positioning of the gingival tissues. The results from osseous resective surgery are technique sensitive. It has limited use in treating cases with very deep intrabony or hemiseptal defects, which should be treated with a different surgical approach. If osseous resective surgery is used in advanced lesions, a compromise in the amount of probing depth reduction should be expected. Yet, osseous resective surgery provides the surest method of reducing pockets with an intrabony or hemiseptal osseous component of 3 mm or less, albeit at the expense of some attachment in the neighboring less involved sites. Osseous resective surgery has been and remains one of the principal periodontal treatment modalities because of its proven success (Fig. 17).
Coexistence of functioning beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in single myocytes from human ventricle.
Authors: F del Monte, A J Kaumann, P A Poole-Wilson, D G Wynne, J Pepper, S E Harding
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Both beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors (beta 1 AR and beta 2 AR) are present in human ventricle. This study was designed to determine whether the two subtypes contribute to contraction in single myocytes from human heart. METHODS AND RESULTS (-)-Epinephrine increased the contraction amplitude and velocity of single myocytes isolated from the ventricles of failing and nonfailing human hearts. Concentration-response curves to (-)-epinephrine were constructed in the presence and absence of selective antagonists for beta 1 AR (CGP 20712A) and beta 2 AR (ICI 118,551). Responses to (-)-epinephrine were antagonized to a variable degree by the blockers, suggesting heterogeneous contribution of beta 1AR and beta 2AR among cells. The most common response in single myocytes was that ICI 118,551 (50 nmol/L) shifted the concentration-response curve less than 10-fold: this was lower than the 100-fold shift expected for a pure beta 2AR effect. Inclusion of CGP 20712A (300 nmol/L) with ICI 118,551 shifted the (-)-epinephrine curve still further. These observations suggest that both beta 1AR and beta 2AR contribute to the increase in contraction amplitude with (-)-epinephrine in this group of myocytes. When 300 nmol/L CGP 20712A was present as the sole antagonist, only a marginal shift of the concentration-response curve for (-)-epinephrine was usually observed, indicating that beta 1AR were not mediating the effect of these low concentrations of (-)-epinephrine. Both beta 1AR and beta 2AR mediated a considerable abbreviation of the time to peak contraction and time to 50% relaxation in the single cells. CONCLUSIONS beta 1AR and beta 2AR coexist and function on human ventricular myocytes. At low (-)-epinephrine concentrations, contractile responses are predominantly mediated by beta 2AR rather than beta 1AR in myocytes from failing hearts.
Tetracycline Poisoning in Renal Failure
Authors: M. E. Phillips, J. B. Eastwood, J. R. Curtis, P. E. Gower, H. E. de Wardener
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Seven cases are reported in which drugs of the tetracycline group produced a fall in the glomerular filtration rate. In six patients there was a primary underlying renal disease and renal impairment. All seven patients were made seriously ill by the antibiotic. Two patients required immediate haemodialysis; one died and the other continued on dialysis until transplanted. Another patient initially responded to intravenous fluids and protein restriction but his renal function deteriorated and four months later he began maintenance haemodialysis. Three patients required peritoneal dialysis. The seventh patient responded satisfactorily to conservative management. The medical and medicolegal complications arising from the use of tetracycline in patients with renal disease are discussed. Yet another plea is made that drugs of the tetracycline group other than doxycycline should not be given to patients with chronic renal failure.
GRADUAL EMPTYING OF THE OVERDISTENDED BLADDER
Authors: HERMON C. BUMPUS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

It is generally recognized that the removal of urine from a chronically overdistended bladder is often followed by untoward symptoms, or death. If the bladder is emptied rapidly and completely at one time, the sudden reduction of the intravesical pressure results in immediate congestion throughout the urinary tract, with resulting edema and hemorrhage, which may be so severe as completely to suppress renal function by increasing the pressure within the renal capsule to a point incompatible with glomerular and tubular function. Even though the process may not go on to complete suppression of urine, the congestion and edema make the urinary tract a fertile field for infection, a complication which is borne very poorly by this class of patients, and is the undoubted cause of many of the fatalities. O'Conor<sup>1</sup>has shown that, coincident with emptying the bladder of residual urine, there is a decided fall in blood pressure.
Differences in Peripheral and Autonomic Nerve Function Measurements in Painful and Painless Neuropathy: A clinical study
Authors: Aristidis Veves, Matthew J Young, Christos Manes, Andrew J M Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

To examine the differences in peripheral and autonomic nerve function measurements between diabetic patients without neuropathy (group 1, n = 38, mean age 50.9, range 29-71 years), with painless neuropathy (group 2, n = 32, mean age 49.2, range 30-71 years), and with painful neuropathy (group 3, n = 52, mean age 51.5, range 28-73 years).The evaluation of neuropathy was based on clinical symptoms, signs, and quantitative sensory testing, including current perception threshold (CPT) with a neurometer and electrophysiology.The Neuropathy Symptom Score and the Neuropathy Disability Score were higher in patients with painful neuropathy compared with patients with painless neuropathy (6.8 +/- 2.7 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.8 [mean +/- SD], P < 0.0001, and 12.5 +/- 6.2 vs. 8.6 +/- 6.8, P < 0.01, respectively). In contrast, no differences were found in the quantitative sensory testing, including CPT measurements, the electrophysiological measurements, and the autonomic nerve system function tests in the two groups. Significant differences were found in all the above measurements when groups 2 and 3 were compared with diabetic patients without neuropathy (group 1). When all diabetic patients were considered as one group, significant correlations were found between CPT and the other peripheral nerve function assessments. In particular, peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity correlated with CPT at 2 kHz (r = -0.48, P < 0.001) and vibration perception threshold (r = -0.50, P < 0.001).We conclude that no difference could be found in the function of small and large nerve fibers between painful and painless diabetic neuropathy using conventional tests currently used. The CPT evaluation failed to quantify painful symptoms, but it compared favorably with other quantitative sensory tests in quantifying peripheral neuropathy.
More than 30 NHS organisations end 2011-12 in debt totalling 356m
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> A range of policies aim to reduce salt intake; however, their relative effects remain unclear. We undertook a narrative synthesis of existing evidence to determine the most promising approaches. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched for systematic reviews, then empirical and modelling studies of salt reduction policies in six electronic databases. Reference lists of retrieved articles were screened and key informants were asked to identify further reviews and empirical/modelling studies. Items were assessed for inclusion and data were extracted into predesigned forms. Results were categorised using a modified version of the marketing four P’s framework: Price, Product, Place and Promotion. <h3>Results</h3> <i>Price</i>: A US sodium excise tax may reduce sodium intake (by 6%), systolic blood pressure (by 0.9mmHg), stroke (by 10%) and myocardial infarction (by 5%) over the lifetime of those aged 40 – 85 years.<i> (One modelling study)</i> <i>Product:</i> Voluntary US salt limits might achieve lifetime reductions in sodium intake (-9.5%), blood pressure (-1.25mmHg), myocardial infarction (-5%) and stroke (-10%). In Australia, mandatory salt limits could reduce cardiovascular disease (by 18%) but only by 1% with voluntary intervention. <i>(Two modelling studies)</i> <i>Promotion:</i> Intensive advice, support and encouragement to restrict dietary sodium intake led to significant long term reductions in urinary sodium excretion, systolic blood pressure (-1.1mmHg) and disease burden (-0.5%.) Interventions involving advertising/marketing/labelling have only been evaluated within multi-component interventions. <i>(One systematic review.)</i> <i>Place:</i> Place-based interventions (targeting schools, workplaces and community settings) have only been evaluated within multi-component interventions. <i>Multi-component interventions:</i> The UK FSA product and promotion-based initiatives reduced salt intake by approximately 10%. Two modelling studies estimate that similar interventions in low- and middle-income countries might achieve a 15% reduction in salt consumption, globally averting perhaps 1 million deaths and 21 million disability-adjusted life years annually. Modelling estimates from Norway suggest that combining taxes and subsidies with product and price interventions might reduce daily salt intake by 6g. Survey data reveal that in Finland between 1979 – 2002, a comprehensive and mandatory nutrition intervention (using regulations targeting price, product, place and promotion) reduced urinary sodium excretion from 13 to 10 g/day in men and from 10.5 to 7.5g/day in women. <i>(Two empirical studies and three modelling studies)</i> <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is patchy evidence on the effectiveness of policy actions to reduce dietary salt intake. Dietary advice can achieve modest benefits. Modelling suggests taxes and reformulation may be effective (particularly when mandatory). Empirical and modelling studies indicate multi-component interventions could be particularly powerful.
A phase II study of 5-azacitidine for patients with primary and post-essential thrombocythemia/polycythemia vera myelofibrosis
Authors: A Quintás-Cardama, W Tong, H Kantarjian, D Thomas, F Ravandi, S Kornblau, T Manshouri, J E Cortes, G Garcia-Manero, S Verstovsek
Journal: Leukemia (2008)