tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
As If He Were Family
Authors: Adam B. Possner
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Redi-Reference Clinical Guidelines Handbook
Authors: Thomas Balsbaugh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 November 2001Redi-Reference Clinical Guidelines HandbookThomas Balsbaugh, MDThomas Balsbaugh, MDUniversity of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-10-200111200-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Skolnik NS. Redi-Reference; 2000. Initial subscription price, $19.95; annual fee for updates. Order at www.redi-reference.com.Field of medicine: General medicine.Format: Personal digital assistant (PDA) software package includes Redi-Reference Clinical Guidelines Handbook-PDA application, PC desktop version, and Redi-Reference document reader. System requirements: Handheld computer using Palm operating system with 120 Kb of available memory. Accessing the PC version requires any Web browser.Audience: Health care providers who use a handheld computer and are interested in evidence-based practice guidelines.Purpose: To provide general medical reference and practice guidelines at the point of care.Content: The program includes 31 practice guidelines with ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas Balsbaugh, MDAffiliations: University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 November 2001Volume 135, Issue 10Page: 934KeywordsComputersEvidence based medicineInfectious diseasesMemoryPatent ductus arteriosusPulmonary medicineRisk assessmentsSoftware toolsThoraxTreatment guidelines ePublished: 20 November 2001 Issue Published: 20 November 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Inhibition of human allergic skin reactions <i>in vivo</i> by pretreatment with cromolyn (disodium cromoglycate)
Authors: H. Kimata, M. Igarashi
Journal: Allergy (1990)

The effect of cromolyn on allergen‐induced allergic skin reactions was studied. Two patients with allergic rhinitis, two patients with bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis and two patients with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were included in this study. They were allergic to cedar pollen, house dust mite and house dust, respectively. Scratching with allergen induced wheal and erythema reactions in each patient. Simultaneous application of allergen and cromolyn solution did not modulate allergic reactions; however, pretreatment with cromolyn solution inhibited allergen‐induced wheal and erythema reactions significantly.
172. Spatially-Controlled Delivery of Cyclodextrin-Based Polyplexes from Solid Surfaces
Authors: In-Kyu Park, Horst A. von Recum, Shaoyi Jiang, Suzie H. Pun
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Localized, nucleic acid delivery from solid surfaces is an important technology for biomedical research, with applications ranging from gene therapy to tissue engineering to functional genomics. The spatially-controlled delivery of growth factor is required for creating a well-organized, complex cellular architecture by tissue engineering. Non-viral gene delivery vehicles have been immobilized to solid surfaces by physical adsorption, biotin-streptavidin interaction, and chemical conjugation [1]. Here, we present a new approach for surface-mediated gene delivery based on inclusion complex formation between the solid surface and delivery vehicles. Through this method, the delivery of transgenes can be spatially controlled by gene delivery through specific interactions between the delivery vehicles and the surface. Cyclodextrins (CD), cyclic oligomers of glucose, form inclusion complexes with small, hydrophobic compounds such as adamantane. In this work, nanoparticle composites of cyclodextrin polycations and nucleic acids were specifically immobilized on adamantane-coated surfaces. The interaction was characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cyclodextrin molecules form high-affinity inclusion complexes with adamantane. This complexation ability was used to specifically immobilize CD-modified polyethylenimine (CD-PEI) nanoparticles on the adamantane (AD)-modified surfaces. To investigate the nanoparticle/surface interaction, CD-PEI-based nanoparticles and PEI-based nanoparticles were passed through an SPR flow cell containing the adamantane-modified chip. CD-PEI nanoparticles are specifically immobilized on the chip surface by cyclodextrin-adamantane inclusion complex formation, while PEI-based nanoparticles do not absorb to the chip surface due to electrostatic repulsion between the cationic particles and unreacted amines. The SPR data shows that the multiple interactions between a single CD- PEI nanoparticle and the adamantane-surface results in significantly higher binding affinity than single cyclodextrin: adamantane complexes. Through this study, we have demonstrated a new method for immobilizing gene delivery vehicles to solid surfaces by inclusion complex formation. CD-PEI nanoparticles demonstrated significantly higher adsorption on adamantane surfaces than PEI nanoparticles. Thus, the ability of CD-PEI nanoparticles to form inclusion complexes can be exploited to attain specific, high affinity loading of delivery vehicles onto solid surfaces. 1. Pannier and Shea. (2004) Molecular Therapy v10:19–27.
Adolescent Dosing and Labeling Since the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007
Authors: Jeremiah D. Momper, Yeruk Mulugeta, Dionna J. Green, Alyson Karesh, Kevin M. Krudys, Hari C. Sachs, Lynn P. Yao, Gilbert J. Burckart
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

During pediatric drug development, dedicated pharmacokinetic studies are generally performed in all relevant age groups to support dose selection for subsequent efficacy trials. To our knowledge, no previous assessments regarding the need for an intensive pharmacokinetic study in adolescents have been performed.To compare U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved adult and adolescent drug dosing and to assess the utility of allometric scaling for the prediction of drug clearance in the adolescent population.Adult and adolescent dosing and drug clearance data were obtained from FDA-approved drug labels and publicly available databases containing reviews of pediatric trials submitted to the FDA. Dosing information was compared for products with concordant indications for adolescent and adult patients. Adolescent drug clearance was predicted from adult pharmacokinetic data by using allometric scaling and compared with observed values.Adolescent and adult dosing information and drug clearance.There were 126 unique products with pediatric studies submitted to the FDA since the FDA Amendments Act of 2007, of which 92 had at least 1 adolescent indication concordant with an adult indication. Of these 92 products, 87 (94.5%) have equivalent dosing for adults and adolescent patients. For 18 of these 92 products, a minimum weight or body surface area threshold is recommended for adolescents to receive adult dosing. Allometric scaling predicted adolescent drug clearance with an overall mean absolute percentage error of 17.0%.Approved adult and adolescent drug dosing is equivalent for 94.5% of products with an adolescent indication studied since the FDA Amendments Act of 2007. Allometric scaling may be a useful tool to avoid unnecessary dedicated pharmacokinetic studies in the adolescent population during pediatric drug development, although each development program in adolescents requires a full discussion of drug dosing with the FDA.
SOME OF THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF ITALIAN MEDICAL MEN IN THE WAR
Authors: VICTOR G. HEISER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It is generally understood that the Italian army at the present time consists of at least 4,000,000 men, and that the number of hospital beds is approximately 1,000,000. Just what it means in two years to expand a country's hospital service to these huge proportions can be better appreciated when it is recalled that in the entire United States, with a population almost three times as great as that of Italy, there are only 300,000 beds. Yet in spite of this vast achievement, the work accomplished by the Italian medical profession since the beginning of the war has attracted to itself but little attention in this country. The reasons for this are obvious. While probably none of the Allies who are fighting in Europe have received less aid other than financial help from outside their own borders, the medical men of Italy almost invariably were loath to speak of their
What Would Osler Do? Learning from “Difficult” Patients
Authors: Michael W. Kahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

"My intern can't stand Ms. Andrews and refuses to meet with her. He says I'll do all the communicating for the team and that I shouldn't be too nice to her so she won't split us. The attending says she's a classic borderline." So began a student's presentation on "Difficult Patient Rounds," my unofficial name for an exercise I started a few years ago with groups of four to five third-year students during their medicine clerkship. As a psychiatrist and card-carrying biopsychosocialist, I wanted to offer students some practical tips for working with patients who drove their caregivers to distraction. . . .
Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Richard L. Landau
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The story of the development of antithyroid drugs, which reached its climax with the publication of "Treatment of Hyperthyroidism With Thiourea and Thiouracil,"<sup>1</sup>is an early example of the sort of research that has transformed clinical science into the most explosive branch of biology. As far as one can tell from the published literature, Astwood, a reproductive endocrinologist, had not directed his research efforts to the control of the thyroid before publication of the articles to be mentioned. One must assume, however, that as a clinician, he dealt with hyperthyroidism and longed for a more effective way of managing the disease. It must have been so, for when he became aware of several available, relatively safe chemical goitrogens, he certainly grasped their potential clinical importance and ran. <h3>First Goitrogens</h3> In 1941, Julia and C. G. MacKenzie and E. V. McCollum,<sup>2</sup>from the School of Hygiene and Public Health
Prolactin and the small intestine. Effect of hyperprolactinaemia on mucosal structure in the rat.
Authors: E Muller, R H Dowling
Journal: Gut (1981)

To study the mechanism for the adaptive mucosal hyperplasia which occurs independent of luminal nutrition and pancreatico-biliary secretions in isolated Thiry-Vella segments of intestine from lactating rats, and to examine the effects of prolactin on small bowel mucosal structure in the rat, we used two models of experimental hyperprolactinaemia and compared quantitative histology and several markers of mucosal mass in jejunum and ileum from control rats and from test and lactating animals. Hyperprolactinaemia, induced by perphenazine injections (5 mg/kg/day for two or seven weeks) or transplantation of four pituitary glands from donor animals to beneath the renal capsule in the recipient, was confirmed by radioimmunoassay. Proof of its biological activity was obtained by weighing the mammary pads and by demonstrating true breast hyperplasia on histological section. Median serum prolactin levels increased from 50 ng/ml in the controls to 570 ng/ml in the perphenazine treated animals and to 600 ng/ml in the pituitary transplanted rats-levels comparable with those seen in lactation (870 ng/ml). In the lactating rats, there was striking mucosal hyperplasia of both jejunum and ileum but, despite the hyperprolactinaemia, there were no such changes in villus height, crypt depth, or in mucosal wet weight, protein, or DNA/unit length intestine in the perphenazine-injected or pituitary-transplanted animals. We conclude that prolactin is not atrophic to the intestine in rats and that hyperprolactinaemia cannot explain the intestinal adaptive changes of lactation.
Treatment with peg-interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: a pilot study
Authors: Cesare Mazzaro, Francesca Zorat, Manuela Caizzi, Carlo Donada, Giampiero Di Gennaro, Luigino Dal Maso, Giorgio Carniello, Luigi Virgolini, Umberto Tirelli, Gabriele Pozzato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Focal Epilepsy
Authors: James C. White, Ching Tung Liu, William Jason Mixter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE neurologists and neurosurgeons of the Massachusetts General Hospital have long been interested in determining the causes of epileptic seizures in patients both acutely and chronically affected. Therefore, all epileptic patients admitted to the wards have been studied with special care for evidence of focal compression or scarring of the brain. Air studies, by either pneumoencephalography or ventriculography, have been performed routinely in these patients, and electroencephalography since 1937. We have selected the decade 1935–1944 for statistical review because it gives a period extending from twelve to a minimum of two years for the evaluation of surgical results. These patients . . .
Coronary Stent Placement in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Comparison of Clinical and Angiographic Outcome After Randomization to Antiplatelet or Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Albert Schömig, Franz-Josef Neumann, Hanna Walter, Helmut Schühlen, Martin Hadamitzky, Eva-Maria Zitzmann-Roth, Josef Dirschinger, Jörg Hausleiter, Rudolf Blasini, Claus Schmitt, Eckhard Alt, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Ethics of Clinical Science in a Public Health Emergency: Drug Discovery at the Bedside
Authors: Sarah J. L. Edwards
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Clinical research under the usual regulatory constraints may be difficult or even impossible in a public health emergency. Regulators must seek to strike a good balance in granting as wide therapeutic access to new drugs as possible at the same time as gathering sound evidence of safety and effectiveness. To inform current policy, I reexamine the philosophical rationale for restricting new medicines to clinical trials, at any stage and for any population of patients (which resides in the precautionary principle), to show that its objective to protect public health, now or in the future, could soon be defeated in a pandemic. Providing wider therapeutic access and coordinating observations and natural experiments, including service delivery by cluster (wedged cluster trials), may provide such a balance. However, there are important questions of fairness to resolve before any such research can proceed.
Phase I Clinical Trial Outcomes in 93 Patients with Brain Metastases: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Apostolia Maria Tsimberidou, Katherine Letourneau, Sijin Wen, Jennifer Wheler, David Hong, Aung Naing, Nancy G. Iskander, Cynthia Uehara, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Patients with brain metastases are often excluded from clinical trials, but it is unclear whether they pose an enhanced risk. Experimental Design: We reviewed the records of 1,181 consecutive patients, with and without brain metastases, treated in our Phase I Clinical Trials Program. Results: Ninety-three patients had brain metastases at the time of referral. Their median age was 54 years; median follow-up, 8 months. The rates of stable disease ≥ 4 months, partial response, and complete response combined in patients with and without brain metastases were 17% and 27%, respectively (P = 0.03). Although the median survival of patients with brain metastases was shorter than that of patients without brain metastases (7.5 vs. 10.3 months; P = 0.002), in multivariate analysis, the presence of brain metastases was not an independent factor predicting survival. There was no difference in time-to-treatment failure (1.74 vs. 1.84 months, respectively; P = 0.61) or in grade 3 and 4 toxicity rates (including neurologic; 12% vs. 10%, respectively; P = 0.77) between patients with and without brain metastases. Conclusions: The rates of survival and response of patients with brain metastases were lower than those for other patients in the phase I setting, but the presence of brain metastases was not an independent prognostic factor predicting survival, indicating that other covariates that coexist with brain metastases were more significant. Time-to-treatment failure for patients with brain metastases was not decreased, nor was the incidence of serious adverse effects (including neurologic toxicity) increased, suggesting that these patients should be eligible for early clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 17(12); 4110–8. ©2011 AACR.
EFFECT OF IODINE ON THE THYROID GLAND IN GRAVES' DISEASE WHEN GIVEN IN CONJUNCTION WITH THIOURACIL—A TWO-ACTION THEORY OF IODINE 1
Authors: Rulon W. Rawson, Francis D. Moore, Wendell Peacock, J. H. Means, Oliver Cope, Charlotte B. Riddell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1945)
Systemic Corticosteroids Decrease the Effectiveness of Talc Pleurodesis
Authors: CANMAO XIE, LISETE R. TEIXEIRA, JEFFREY P. McGOVERN, RICHARD W. LIGHT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Corticosteroids can inhibit the inflammatory process and the formation of fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the concurrent use of steroids at the time of talc-slurry pleurodesis would influence the development of the pleurodesis. One group of rabbits received an intrapleural injection of talc (400 mg/kg) and an intramuscular injection of triamcinolone (0.8 mg/kg) 1 d before talc instillation and weekly thereafter, whereas a control group received only talc. Ten rabbits in each group were killed at 6 h and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 d after instillation. The mean volume of pleural fluid was significantly lower in the group receiving corticosteroids at 6 h through 4 d after talc slurry than in the other groups. The degree of pleural adhesion was significantly smaller in the group receiving corticosteroids from Day 2 through Day 28. At Day 28, all 10 rabbits that received talc only had a pleurodesis score of 3 or 4, whereas only four of the 10 rabbits that also received steroids had a pleurodesis score of 3 or 4. This study shows that the use of corticosteroids at the time of talc-slurry pleurodesis markedly decreases the inflammatory reaction to the talc, and essentially prevents a pleurodesis from developing.
Improved Detection of Coronary Artery Disease by Stress Perfusion Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance With the Use of Delayed Enhancement Infarction Imaging
Authors: Igor Klem, John F. Heitner, Dipan J. Shah, Michael H. Sketch, Victor Behar, Jonathan Weinsaft, Peter Cawley, Michele Parker, Michael Elliott, Robert M. Judd, Raymond J. Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Fear of Obesity
Authors: Michael T. Pugliese, Fima Lifshitz, Gary Grad, Pavel Fort, Marjorie Marks-Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We evaluated 201 children for short stature or delayed puberty or both. Fourteen of them (nine boys and five girls, aged 9 to 17 years) fit a pattern of growth failure due to malnutrition, which was the result of a self-imposed restriction of caloric intake arising from a fear of becoming obese. All 14 patients underwent a complete history, physical examination, diagnostic laboratory evaluation, and psychiatric assessment. They were all below the fifth percentile for weight, and 11 of them were also below the fifth percentile for height. The deficit of weight for height ranged from 5 to 23 per cent. Seven of the older patients also had delayed puberty. All 14 patients had deteriorating linear growth, which was preceded by at least one to two years of inadequate weight gain. They ingested only 32 to 91 per cent of the recommended caloric intake for their age and frequently skipped meals. No gross psychiatric disease or anorexia nervosa was found; on the whole, they were good students with rather compulsive, shy personalities observed in an open-ended interview. The Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, which was conducted with seven patients, also revealed no psychiatric disease. After nutritional and psychiatric counseling, the patients resumed an adequate caloric intake for their age, and recovery occurred, as demonstrated by increased linear growth and sexual development.
The Effect of Vegetable Fat Ingestion on Human Serum Cholesterol Concentration
Authors: E. A. HILDRETH, S. M. MELLINKOFF, G. W. BLAIR, D. M. HILDRETH
Journal: Circulation (1951)

In 3 healthy male physicians a reduction of dietary fat produced a significant fall in the serum cholesterol concentration. Subsequently, when a diet containing normal quantities of fat but very low in cholesterol was taken, a rise in serum cholesterol concentration occurred in all 3 subjects.
Compulsory Postgraduate Sessions
Authors: W. H. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1970)

although these are presumably more suscep- tible of solution with the use of computers and automatic data processing.It is our opinion that it is essential that a great deal more investigation in this field be carried out before it is possible to suggest that a facility of this sort could, or even should, be made available.We feel that you might perhaps in your leading article have drawn attention to some of these difficulties rather than, to us at least, have created the impression that a brave new world was already awaiting around the corner.-Weare, etc.,