tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lithium and Pregnancy--II, Hazards to Women Given Lithium During Pregnancy and Delivery
Authors: M. Schou, A. Amdisen, O. R. Steenstrup
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The renal lithium clearance of a manic-depressive woman rose when she became pregnant and fell to the prepregnancy level when she gave birth. The lithium clearances of four healthy women were higher during pregnancy than after delivery. This emphasizes the need for frequent determinations of the serum lithium concentration and appropriate dosage adjustments during pregnancy and delivery.
Promoting Self-Change from Addictive Behaviors: Practical Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Treatment
Authors: Lisa J. Merlo
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Remission induction with cytosine arabinoside and L-Asparaginase in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: T. J. McElwain, R. M. Hardisty
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Nine patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in relapse were treated with a course of cytosine arabinoside followed immediately by a course of L-asparaginase. Eight patients achieved complete remission of their disease. This combination of drugs is sufficiently effective to suggest that further trial is needed. It is possible that the combination has a synergistic effect.
PTU-231 Bowel preparation for inpatient colonoscopy: an audit of quality and outcomes
Authors: M Aldridge, A Phillips, I Gee
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> It is well recognised that inpatient colonoscopy is more problematic than outpatient colonoscopy, with poorer quality of bowel preparation<sup>1</sup> and reduced rates of successful completion of the procedure among inpatients.<sup>2</sup> We aimed to measure the quality of bowel preparation and the success rate of inpatient colonoscopy in a large district general hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients undergoing inpatient colonoscopy at Worcestershire Royal Hospital between 1 September 2010 and 1 September 2011 were identified retrospectively using paper-based documentation available in the Endoscopy department. The computerised colonoscopy reports (Unisoft, Enfield, UK) were then obtained for these patients. Standard bowel preparation for these patients was two sachets of Picolax, one the evening before and one the following morning, with colonoscopy performed on an afternoon list. Successful colonoscopy was defined as intubation of the caecum with “excellent” or “good” bowel preparation. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 50 patients undergoing inpatient colonoscopy, with a median age of 74 (IQR 62–80), representing 3% of all colonoscopies done during this period. Approximately one-third (38%) were performed due to suspicious symptoms (most commonly PR bleeding), one-third (34%) were performed due to a CT abnormality, with the remainder predominantly due to unexplained anaemia (18%). Only 50% (25/50) of inpatient bowel preparation was rated by the endoscopist as “excellent” or “good,” compared with 86% overall for the same period (p&lt;0.001 by χ<sup>2</sup> analysis). Among endoscopists with individual overall caecal intubation rates of &gt;90%, the inpatient caecal intubation rate was only 74% (37/50). Out of the 13 failed inpatient intubations, 7 (54%) were due to poor bowel preparation. The remainder were due to patient discomfort (3), difficult angulation (2), and malignancy (1). In addition, the overall inpatient success rate was only 66% (33/50). In four cases (8%), although caecal intubation was achieved, poor bowel preparation meant a small lesion could not be excluded. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This audit has demonstrated that the failure rate for inpatient colonoscopy is greater than outpatient procedures. The majority of these failures are due to poor bowel preparation. The reasons for this are complex, but may include reduced mobility and poorer adherence to bowel preparation and oral hydration. Deferring colonoscopy until after discharge from hospital is therefore advised whenever possible. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Ness RM</b>, Manam R, Hoen H, <i>et al.</i> Predictors of inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy. <i>Am J Gastroenterol</i> 2001;<b>96</b>:1797–802. 2. <b>Hendry PO</b>, Jenkins JT, Diament RH. The impact of poor bowel preparation on colonoscopy: a prospective single centre study of 10,571 colonoscopies. <i>Colorectal Dis</i> 2007;<b>9</b>:745–8.
Seroconversion of human T cell lymphotrophic virus III (HTLV-III) in patients with haemophilia: a longitudinal study.
Authors: S E Ball, J M Hows, A M Worsley, L Luzzatto, A C Chu, R Meacham, J Morris, R Cheingsong-Popov, R A Weiss, R Tedder
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Patients with hemophilia are at a risk for the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). As part of a surveillance program on AIDS, a group of patients with hemophilia was studied for clinical and immunological features associated with the syndrome. 30 patients in England who had received factor VIII treatment within 5 years were studied. 29 (male) had hemophilia A, and 1 female heterozygote had been treated for postoperative bleeding. 1 man had been tattooed over 10 years previously. No other risk factors for AIDS were present. 5 patients had recently developed splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy, and 1 of these also had mild thrombocytopenia. No opportunistic infection or unexplained loss of weight was noted. A basal cell carcinoma of the face in a 59-year old was recorded. 20 patients had detectable HTLV-III antibodies at the most recent date of testing. After 1981 approximately 15% of the subjects seroconverted each year until 1984. Most of the seropositive patients had had large amounts of factor VIII treatment, predominantly commercial concentrate from the US. 4 patients who seroconverted during 1984 had had little treatment, including a man who had used only 3250 units during 1983 from the same batch of commercial concentrate. 5 patients had used only products from the National Health Service over 5 years, and all were seronegative. The results failed to identify features that might help distinguish between self limiting HTLV-III infection and leading to AIDS or a carrier state.
ACCURACY OF NON-INVASIVE MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; DETECTION OF SIGNIFICANT STENOSIS VERSUS DETECTION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Joella E. Velzen, Joanne D. Schuijf, Fleur R. de Graaf, Gabija Pundziute, Fabrizio Spano, Jacob M. van Werkhoven, Martin J. Schalij, Lucia J. Kroft, Albert de Roos, Johannes H. Reiber, J. Wouter Jukema, Ernst E. van der Wall, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) skin test in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: E.A JOHANSSON, U. KIISTALA, K-M. NIEMI, H. HALME, A. LASSUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A clinical evaluation of the intradermal DNA-test was carried out on a series of patients with untreated or with treated definite systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or with suspected SLE with or without circulating antinuclear factors. A saline solution of a commercially available DNA-preparation was used. The course of the DNA reaction was followed for 24-48 h after the injection. All nine cases of untreated definite SLE had a positive DNA test 6 h after the injection, and eight cases a positive result at 24 h. All seven patients with definite SLE who were on low-dosage systemic steroid treatment had a clinically positive. DNA test at 6 h. In all except one of these cases the test was still positive at 24 h. All five patients with definite SLE on antimalarial treatment had a positive test at 6 h which had become negative at 24 h after the injection. Eleven of the twelve patients with suspected SLE and circulating antinuclear factors had a positive DNA test at 6 h, which in nine cases persisted for 24 h. On the other hand, of the eleven ANF negative patients with various connective tissue diseases five had a positive test at 6 h. In only one of these cases it persisted for 24 h. Two of the eighteen control patients with various dermatoses exhibited a positive test at 6 h, and in one of these the positive reaction persisted for 24 h. It is concluded that the intradermal skin test using native DNA is a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of SLE when the reaction is followed up for 24 h. Antimalarial treatment seems to decrease skin reactivity to native DNA.
Hormesis as a biological hypothesis.
Authors: E J Calabrese, L A Baldwin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

A comprehensive effort was undertaken to identify articles demonstrating chemical hormesis. Nearly 4000 potentially relevant articles were retrieved from preliminary computer database searches by using various key word descriptors and extensive cross-referencing. A priori evaluation criteria were established including study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Evidence of chemical hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 350 of the 4000 studies evaluated. Chemical hormesis was observed in a wide range of taxonomic groups and involved agents representing highly diverse chemical classes, many of potential environmental relevance. Numerous biological end points were assessed; growth responses were the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, longevity, reproductive responses, and survival. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude. The average low-dose maximum stimulation was approximately 50% greater than controls. The hormetic dose-response range was generally limited to about one order of magnitude, with the upper end of the hormetic curve approaching the estimated no observable effect level for the particular end point. Based on the evaluation criteria, high to moderate evidence of hormesis was observed in studies comprised of > 6 doses; with > 3 doses in the hormetic zone. The present analysis suggests that chemical hormesis is a reproducible and relatively common biological phenomenon. A quantitative scheme is presented for future application to the database.
A Case of Tuberculous Disease of the Caecum, in which the Diseased Portion of Intestine was Resected
Authors: J. Maitland
Journal: BMJ (1901)

rAY II, 190l. a sudden pain in the upper part of the belly,' which caused her to faint; this was followed by general abdominal pain and vomiting.The next day the doctor who saw her, having diagnosed the case as one of perforated gastric ulcer, advised her removal to hospital.Conditien on Admission.-Sheappeared somewhat collapsed; temperature 99.4 F.;. pulse i io.The abdomen was rigid and
Essays in Medical Sociology: Journeys Into the Field
Authors: Jeffrey Michael Clair
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Although the title of this collection of papers suggests an audience of sociologists and anthropologists, the penetrating depth of the essays, on a variety of remarkable medical issues, also will benefit physicians, nurses, social workers, clergy, and medical educators, researchers, and students. In fact, Fox makes great efforts not to overlook an understanding of the biologic aspects of medicine, thus avoiding the common assumption that they fall outside the bounds of sociologically relevant considerations. The book serves as an impressive biography of Fox, whose sociological contributions span nearly four decades. Fox journeys through medical schools, hospitals, and laboratories, in countries such as the United States, Belgium, Zaire, and the People's Republic of China. Fox illuminates the inner life of the people and societies she observes and the values that underlie their being. The cross-cultural focus allows us more clearly to see the distinctive cultural tradition and the prevalent state of
Atlas of Surgical Operations
Authors: J. H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The first edition of this atlas appeared in 1939 and was immediately received as an excellent volume in the teaching of surgical techniques. Cutler and Zollinger, teacher and pupil in the 1930's, shared equally in the preparation of the first edition. The volume was but one expression of Cutler's desire to make available to students and house staff, who were dearer to him than any professional associate, the visual description of the usual and the unusual surgical procedures. The second and third editions have been the responsibility of Zollinger, whose interest in the surgeon-to-be is as apparent as was that of his teacher. Although I have never performed any more extensive surgery than to lance a boil in the preantibiotic days, I, too, was interested in the earlier editions as excellent teaching volumes. The third edition, extensively revised, maintains the high standards set.
Report of the Secretary's Commission on Medical Malpractice
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

A PREVIOUS column1 reported on the major findings of the Secretary's Commission on Medical Practice.2 The report, as noted in the first column, has been severely criticized by the American Medical Association's president, who was a member of the Commission. On the other hand, it has been much praised by consumer advocate, Ralph Nader. I was also a member, the only full-time medicolegal academic in the group. I suppose that my own views were somewhat more in the middle of the positions of the AMA and the Nader-tvpe consumer representatives on the Commission.Middle grounds can be dangerous, of course, . . .
Greatest Challenge in Medicine Today
Authors: Seymour M. Farber
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A human being engaged in medicine for any length of time must be aware of two kinds of change taking place in his profession. There is the change, brought about in part by his own efforts, in the work which engages his interest. It involves the successive solution of problems standing between himself and his objective. The second kind of change is harder to define. It includes changes in relationships in community living, changes in means of communication, and finally even changes in objectives. It is slow and amorphous and nondirectional, and it is easy to ignore. This second kind of change seriously challenges the progress we have made in the practice of medicine, not only because of the items mentioned above but chiefly because of the successes we have had. Medical research has been so productive that it threatens our integrity. We are in danger of becoming a profession
The Charles University
Authors: Karl W. Ascher
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Every alumnus of our Universitas Carolo-Ferdinandea Pragensis must have been happy to read the brief history of our alma mater in the letter by Dr. Vladko Puchta (<b>194</b>:96, 1965). Some statements might mislead the uninitiated reader, such as "During World War II the university was divided." The division into a Czech and German branch was ordered in 1882 by the Austrian emperor Franz Josef, in recognition of the justified national aspiration of the Czech people. The German University of Prague was proud to have many men of world fame in its faculty, Einstein, Mach, Chiari, Klebs, Woelfler, Elschnig, Pick, and Kafka, to name but a few. To understand the complicated history of the Prague University, one has to study the multifaceted history of central Europe. It is possible to disagree with Dr. Puchta's interpretations of history. There is no question that Charles IV, son of a
Epithelioid granulomas, pattern recognition receptors, and phenotypes of Crohn's disease
Authors: M Pierik
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Introduction:</b> Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gut. It is assumed that a defective interaction between the bacterial flora of the gut and the innate immune system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. This may lead to specific histological lesions. The epithelioid granuloma is particularly interesting in this regard as it is also observed in several bacterial infections of the gut. <b>Aims and methods:</b> We hypothesised that genetic or environmental factors with a known influence on inflammation or immunity would lead to an increased prevalence of granulomas. Therefore, surgical specimens from 161 patients were evaluated for the presence of granulomas. Patients were genotyped for the three single nucleotide polymorphisms in caspase recruitment domain 15 (CARD15)/NOD2 associated with CD and for Asp299Gly in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). <b>Results:</b> The overall prevalence of granulomas was 68.9%. We did not find a significant correlation between granulomas and TLR4 or CARD15 variants. The frequency of granulomas increased with more distal disease (63% small bowel, 72% right colon, 88% left colon, 90% rectum; p = 0.01). Granulomas were more frequent in younger patients (odds ratio 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.92–0.98) p = 0.007). <b>Conclusion:</b> In this study of 161 well documented CD patients, we found no significant association between CARD15 and TLR4 variants and granulomas. This finding seems to refute our initial hypothesis. However, it may be that additional factors are needed for granuloma development. Granulomas may develop only when specific bacterial components are present. Therefore, future research on granuloma pathogenesis should be orientated towards detection and identification of bacterial components in these lesions.
Desperately seeking sugar: glial cells as hypoglycemia sensors
Authors: A. Klip
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

A life-saving response to hypoglycemia requires rapid sensing of decreases in glycemia and consequent brisk glucagon secretion. Preceding studies have shown that mice lacking glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) lose this response. In this issue of the JCI, Marty et al. report that glucose sensing and consequent pancreatic glucagon secretion are restored by re-expression of GLUT2 in glial but not neuronal cells. A new, glucose-sensing role is ascribed to GLUT2-expressing glial cells.
833 THE DECREASE OF INTRA-MUSCULAR ADIPOSE TISSUE CONTENT IS AN INDEPENDENT TARGET FOR TREATMENT OF NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS/NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Y. Eguchi, Y. Kitajima, M. Ono, T. Mizuta, E. Ishibashi, I. Ozaki, Y. Oda, N. Ono, T. Eguchi, K. Anzai, R. Iwakiri, S. Koizumi, K. Fujimoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Colchicine protects mice from the lethal effect of an agonistic anti-Fas antibody
Authors: Guoping Feng, Neil Kaplowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The aim of this study was to determine whether colchicine, which has been reported to protect against various hepatotoxic insults, influences the susceptibility of mice to the agonistic anti-Fas antibody, Jo2. All mice that were pretreated with colchicine (2 mg/kg) survived the lethal challenge of intraperitoneal administration of 10 μg of Jo2, whereas all control mice pretreated with γ-lumicolchicine succumbed to the challenge. Twelve micrograms of Jo2 killed less than half of colchicine-pretreated mice and its lethal effects were delayed relative to control mice, which all died within 8 hours. Other microtubule-disrupting agents such as Taxol, vinblastine, and nocodazole also improved the survival of mice treated with the lethal dose of Jo2. Histologic examination showed that colchicine protected against Jo2-induced fulminant liver injury, and TUNEL assay demonstrated that colchicine protected against massive apoptosis of hepatocytes. Hepatocytes isolated from colchicine-pretreated mice exhibited decreased susceptibility to Jo2-induced apoptosis. In addition, colchicine pretreatment reduced surface expression of Fas and decreased Jo2- and TNF-α–induced apoptosis of cultured hepatocytes in the presence of actinomycin D, but did not affect the susceptibility of cultured sinusoidal endothelial cells to Jo2-induced apoptosis. Remarkably, Fas and TNF receptor-1 mRNA and intracellular protein levels increased after colchicine treatment, indicating that colchicine protects against death ligand–induced apoptosis in the liver by decreasing death-receptor targeting to the cell surface.
Hypokalemia After Resuscitation
Authors: Harry W. Daniell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  Drs Thompson and Cobb (1982;248:2860) have carefully documented the presence of hypokalemia in patients hospitalized soon after myocardial infarction or resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. They were not, however, able to describe a mechanism adequately explaining their observation.  More than a decade ago, we described 1 a small group of patients who were hypokalemic at the time of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction, all of whom had recurrent ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia, none of whom had received out-of-hospital resuscitation, and most of whom had not been receiving diuretics and were without clinical reason to explain their potassium imbalance. Most of our patients were young men with striking diaphoresis and prominent clinical vasoconstriction, observations that suggested a massive adrenergic response.  Epinephrine injection is followed by a brief rise in plasma potassium level caused by exit of potassium from liver cells. This rise is soon followed, however, by a
The Second European Endoscopy Forum (Sintra, Portugal, 17 - 18 June 1999): Twenty Questions on the Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: None Axon, None Lambert, None Robaszkiewicz, None Rösch, None Sonnenberg
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

The purpose of the Second European Endoscopy Forum was to agree on definitions and to discuss the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and associated adenocarcinoma. It was agreed that the term “Barrett's esophagus” was a good one, since although our current concepts of this condition do not necessarily coincide with those originally described by Barrett, the use of the term is generally understood, and it is concise. The Symposium generally focused on the diagnosis and endoscopic management of BE, as well as on cost-effectiveness aspects.
Influence of Renin Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Efficiency of In-Vitro White Blood Cell Labeling With 8F-FDG
Authors: J N. Rini, K J. Nichols, K K. Bhargava, G G. Tronco, C J. Palestro
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
PEG Placement by a Single Physician
Authors: S. Rejchrt, J. Bureš
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

We read with some surprise the paper by Rimon entitled “The safety and feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement by a single physician” [1]. Probably the main point of this report is to state that percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy can be done safely by a single physician in case of necessity. However, percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy is very rarely done as an emergency procedure. Therefore it is questionable whether performance of such a procedure by a single endoscopist could be considered to be a normal clinical practice.