tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-reported Antiretroviral Therapy in Injection Drug Users
Authors: David D. Celentano, David Vlahov, Sylvia Cohn, Vera M. Shadle, Olugbenga Obasanjo, Richard D. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—The US Public Health Service and the International AIDS Society–USA recently published recommendations for antiretroviral therapy (ART) for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, anecdotal evidence suggests that HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) may not be receiving optimal care as defined by the recommendations.Objective.—To assess ART use in HIV-infected IDUs.Design.—A cross-sectional survey of self-reported ART use between July 1996 and June 1997 in IDUs.Setting.—A community-based clinic affiliated with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.Participants.—A total of 404 HIV-infected IDUs with CD4+ cell counts less than 0.50×109/L recruited into a longitudinal study in 1988 and 1989.Main Outcome Measure.—Self-reported ART use was assessed: no current therapy, monotherapy, or combination therapy with or without a protease inhibitor.Results.—One half (199/404 [49%]) of patients reported no recent ART. A total of 14% (58/404) had monotherapy, 23% (90/404) were receiving combination therapy without a protease inhibitor, and 14% (57/404) had triple-combination therapy with a protease inhibitor. A multivariate analysis of factors associated with ART showed that care continuity and recent HIV-related outpatient visit (odds ratio [OR], 4.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.36-7.81 and OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.66-4.88, respectively), CD4+ cell count of less than 0.20×109 (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.51-3.84), no current drug use and being in drug treatment (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.34-3.47; OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.23-3.66, respectively), and unemployment (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.21-4.40) were associated with reporting ART use. In other analysis, less likely to receive protease inhibitors were current drug injectors (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0) and those recently incarcerated (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.03-0.9), but patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were more likely to receive protease inhibitors (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9-4.6). Protease inhibitor use doubled (P<.01) from July and December 1996 to January and June 1997 (7.7% and 14.8%, respectively).Conclusions.—Those IDUs infected with HIV who were not receiving ART tended to be active drug users without clinical disease who have less contact with health care providers. Although we do not have information on clinical judgment regarding treatment decisions or whether persons were prescribed therapy not taken, the proportion of subjects reporting receiving ART suggests that strategies for improving treatment in this population are indicated. Expanding simultaneous treatment services for HIV infection and substance abuse would enhance the response to these related epidemics.
Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Induces an Inflammatory Response in the Mouse Lung
Authors: NICOLE P. JUFFERMANS, ANNELIES VERBON, JOHN T. BELISLE, PRESTON J. HILL, PETER SPEELMAN, SANDER J. H. van DEVENTER, TOM van der POLL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a cell wall component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, induces the production of cytokines and chemokines in vitro. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) contributes to granuloma formation in tuberculosis (TB), and exerts effects via the IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1R). To determine the effects of LAM in the pulmonary compartment in vivo and to establish the role of endogenous IL-1 herein, normal and IL-1R deficient (− / −) mice were intranasally inoculated with LAM (50 μ g). In normal mice, LAM resulted in a neutrophilic cell influx into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). LAM also induced increases in the lung concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), keratinocyte (KC), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), IL-1 α , and IL-1 β . IL-1R− / − mice had less influx of granulocytes in their BALF than wild-type mice. Also, lung TNF- α levels were lower in IL-1R− / − mice. LAM may be an important stimulator of innate immunity in infection with M. tuberculosis via mechanisms that involve endogenous IL-1 activity.
More on "Munchausen Syndrome"
Authors: RICHARD B. DEVEREUX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments and Corrections1 February 1974More on "Munchausen Syndrome"RICHARD B. DEVEREUX, M.D., THOMAS R. MILLER, M.D.RICHARD B. DEVEREUX, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS R. MILLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-2-283 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We report briefly the cases of two scarred simulators of pulmonary embolism seen recently at the New York Hospital, in hope that physicians warned of their story will spare them further mutilation.A woman of 27 years, a practical nurse by training, was admitted in March with a complaint of 1 day of severe left leg pain. She gave an 11 months' history of repeated admissions to Virginia hospitals for thrombophlebitis and pulmonary emboli, culminating after 9 months in referral to a New York hospital for inferior vena cava plication. Examination showed two abdominal scars and two...References1. BUXTON A, MEYERS J, and GARDNER L: Attention: a case of Munchausen syndrome (letter). Ann Intern Med 77:477, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LATOS D and MATTHEWS O: Itinerant patient (letter). Ann Intern Med 79:765, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar3. MULLER J, MCDONNELL M, and EVATT B: Case of Munchausen syndrome: Philadelphia, Baltimore (letter). Ann Intern Med 78:784, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar4. LIZZI F and WHITE R: "Munchausen" cases (letter). Ann Intern Med 79:290, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar5. IRELAND P, SAPIRA J, and TEMPLETON B: Munchausen's Syndrome. Am J Med 43:579-592, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD B. DEVEREUX, M.D.; THOMAS R. MILLER, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine New York Hospital New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMunchausen’s syndrome: report of caseLes maladies factices et le syndrome de Münchausen 1 February 1974Volume 80, Issue 2Page: 283-284KeywordsInferior vena cavaNursesPulmonary embolismScars ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: James B. Sprague, John C. Hierholzer, Russell W. Currier, Michael A. W. Hattwick, M. Dale Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Between May and September, 1971, 114 cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis occurred in industrial workers and their contacts in Alabama. Twenty-nine nonindustrial cases were identified in the community. Infection was maintained and transmitted in a clinic by a contaminated ophthalmic wash solution and by direct conjunctival manipulation by the nursing staff. The risk of infection was significantly higher for eye-clinic patients who had a foreign body removed from their eyes than for those who had none. The mean incubation period was 10 days; the average duration of illness was 20 days. Adenovirus Type 8 was isolated from eye swabs and corneal scrapings from 10 of 22 patients and from one bottle of ophthalmic wash solution. Hemagglutination-inhibition antibody was as specific as serum neutralizing antibody for documenting infection and was simpler to measure. (N Engl J Med 289:1341–1346, 1973)
Observations on Typhoid (Intestinal) Fever in the Pig
Authors: W. Budd
Journal: BMJ (1865)

THE very remarkable disease of which I propose to show you some of the results to-night was frst brought to my knowledge by Professor John Gamgee, of the New Veterinary College, Edinburgh.On the 27th of August last, I received a letter from that gentleman, stating-i.That an outbreak of typhoid fever, attended by ulcerations of the intestine, had occurred among pigs in the neighbourhood of Edin- burgh; 2. That the disease had been imported by stock from Wolverhampton; and 3.That he had suc- ceeded in stopping its spread by measures-as I in- ferred from his note-directed against contagion.Professor Gamgee concluded his letter with the kind offer to send me specimens, or a whole pig, should I desire it.I immediately telegraphed for a whole pig; and, in the afternoon of the same day, I received from the professor the following message: a Pig sent off, packed in ice; dead thirty-six hours."On the 29th, atte at night, the box contanin this interesting relic was delivered at my house.As the weather was er- tremely hot at the time, the carcase, when I opened the box next morning, stank so badly as to put my pathological zeal to a test of no common severity.The post mortem examination did not the less dis- close some results of high interest.The intestinal follicles presented, in fact, altera- tions which, although limited in extent and differing somewhat in the order of their distribution, bore a close resemblance to the well known ulcers of the typhoid fever of man.In following the course of the ileum downwards, the last sxk or eight patches were somewhat more conspicuous than common; but the only really cha.racteristic changes were confined to the large folli.cular patch, which in the pig, as in man, is seated immediately above the ileo-ewcal valve; and to a cluster of the smaller follicles which beset the cwcum.The Peyerian patch immediately above the valve was very vascular and much thickened, standing out in strong relief on the surface of the gut.This Patch was the seat of three ulcers, of irregular oval shape, varying from a third to half an inch m diameter, and having their edges sharply cut.These ulcers had destroyed the mucous membrane through its whole depth.Their base-and the same observation applies to the ulcers found in the cvecum also-was formed by an adventitious deposit, presenting, as far as I could judge from the state of the parts, the general characteristics of the yellow deposit which occurs in the typhoid fever of man.In the cmecum I counted six other ulcers, for the most part of smaller size, but presenting precisely the same appearances.The diseased patch in the ileum was too rotten to preserve; but by inspecting the aocum, which is now B Read before the Bath and Bristol Branch, on March 2nd and April 13tb, 1863.
Abstract 4389: Impact of regulatory T cell depletion on dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine immunotherapy
Authors: Chunrui Tan, Varun Reddy, Enyu Ding, Jens Dannull, Smita Nair, Scott K. Pruitt, Walter T. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A promising branch of research in cancer immunotherapy is the development of vaccines comprised of dendritic cells hybridized to tumor cells by electrofusion. Studies in numerous murine models have shown the efficacy of treatment with a dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine; however, this is critically dependent on systemic administration of 3rd signals such as IL-12 (Interleukin-12). Translation of these findings into the clinic will be difficult due to toxicity, morbidity, and mortality associated with IL-12 administration. Thus, alternative strategies to enhance the efficacy of fusion vaccines are needed. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Treg depletion has been demonstrated to improve tumor immunotherapy in murine tumor models as well as some phase I clinical studies. We therefore investigated whether Treg depletion with the anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody PC61 would significantly improve dendritic cell - tumor fusion immunotherapy in a murine melanoma model. Experiments were conducted using six groups of animals: no treatment (negative control), isotypic monoclonal antibody alone (Y13), Treg depletion alone (PC61), fusion vaccine with Y13 (Fusion + Y13), fusion vaccine with PC61 (Fusion + PC61), and fusion vaccine with IL-12 (Fusion + IL12; positive control). Pulmonary metastases were established through intravenous tail vein injection of 0.25x106 tumor cells (Day 0). Three days later, an injection of 0.6x106 fusion hybrids was delivered intranodally. 250 µg of Y13 or PC61 monoclonal antibodies were delivered one day prior to vaccine delivery. Starting on the day of vaccination in the IL-12 group, 0.2 µg of IL-12 was given daily for 4 days. Three weeks after tumor inoculation, mice were euthanized and the pulmonary metastases were enumerated. The median number of metastases and standard deviation [SD] per group were the following: no treatment= 204 [50]; Y13= 220 [59]; PC61= 211 [49]; fusion+Y13= 126 [67]; fusion + PC61= 72 [74]; fusion + IL12= 1 [11]. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of tumor metastases between both the fusion vaccine + Y13 group and the fusion + PC61 group (P=.0397) as well as PC61 alone group and fusion + PC61 group (P=.002). This suggests that Treg depletion can significantly augment dendritic cell-tumor cell fusion melanoma immunotherapy. Our results support the development of novel therapeutic modalities that include Treg depletion, or modulation, to enhance the efficacy of dendritic cell - tumor fusion cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4389. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4389
Effect of low dose cyproterone acetate on the response of acne to isotretinoin
Authors: J.R. MARSDEN, M. F. LAKER, G.P. FORD, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Twenty-seven males with severe acne were treated for 12 weeks with 0·05 mg/kg/day isotretinoin (ten patients) or 5 mg daily cyproterone acetate (eight patients) or both drugs together in these doses (nine patients). With isotretinoin, the sebum excretion rate (SER) fell by 45%± 9% s.e.m. (P < 0·0025), lesion count fell by 65%± 10% (P < 0·0005) and median clinical severity fell from 8 to 2·5 (P= 0·01). With cyproterone acetate there was a 17%± 12% (NS) fall in SER, a 15%± 10% (NS) fall in lesion count and the median severity was unchanged. Patients treated with both drugs showed a 42%± 13% reduction in SER (P < 0·005), a 68%± 11% decrease in lesion count (P < 0.0005) and a decrease in median severity from 8 to 4 (P < 0·01) which was no different from the response to isotretionoin alone. Isotretinoin increased serum cholesterol from 4·4 mmol/1 ± 0.3 s.e.m. to 4.7 mmol/1 ± 0·3 s.e.m.(P < 0.01), serum triglyceride from 0·73 mmol/1 ± 0·07 s.e.m. to 0·96 mmol/1 ± 0·14 s.e.m. (P < 0·05) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) from 15·9 i.u./1 ± 2·1 s.e.m. to 19·0 i.u./1 ± 2·4 s.e.m. (P < 0·01). Comparison of the area under the concentration-time curve for triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol showed that the changes were smaller when isotretinoin was combined with cyproterone acetate. We conclude that the effect of isotretinoin in acne was not enhanced by the antiandrogen, but the increase in serum triglyceride and decrease in HDL-cholesterol produced by the retinoid were reduced by combination with the antiandrogen.
Brunner's Gland Hamartoma Associated with Microcarcinoids
Authors: T. Matsui, M. Iida, M. Fujischima, K. Sakamoto, H. Watanabe
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

We report on the case of a 51-year-old female with a pedunculated duodenal tumor that was covered with normal duodenal mucosa. Histology of the endoscopically resected tumor revealed Brunner's gland adenoma with two foci of microcarcinoids. To our knowledge, such a case has not been reported in the literature.
580 MODULATION OF ERK, AKT PATHWAYS AND CELL CYCLE REGULATION IN HUH7 CELLS AND PRIMARY MARMOSET HEPATOCYTES BY RT-M204I HBV IS COMPARABLE TO WILD TYPE HBV
Authors: R. Chin, L. Earnest-Silveira, B. Koeberlein, S. Franz, H. Zentgraf, X. Dong, E. Gowans, C.-T. Bock, J. Torresi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Lack of Effect of Oral Charcoal in Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
Authors: Elisabeth I. Minder, Xiaoye Schneider-Yin, F. Moll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with progressive photomutilation and hemolysis due to excessive porphyrin production. Published studies have shown that oral treatment with activated charcoal to absorb intraluminal porphyrins in the intestine was effective in reducing the porphyrin concentration and clinical symptoms in three patients1–3. Efficacy over a prolonged period was reported in one patient1. A 44-year-old patient with clinically and biochemically confirmed congenital erythropoietic porphyria was treated with two different brands of charcoal emulsion for a total of 32 days. One brand had been used with success in a . . .
Paying for Drug Approvals — Who's Using Whom?
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Jerry Avorn and Mark McClellan on the Prescription Drug User Fee Act and its effects on drug safety (10:23)Download Years ago, an administrator at a community hospital explained to me how well his institution's grand-rounds program worked. "The drug companies find the speakers, pay their honoraria, and provide free food for the doctors, which helps a lot with attendance," he said. "It works well for us, especially with our budgets so tight." Yet those lunches were actually quite costly for the hospital: attendees at such events predictably go on to prescribe the products promoted there — which is precisely why the drug companies so willingly pay for these programs.This penetration of commerce into the province of science isn't . . .
Dendritic macromolecules as nano-scale drug carriers: Phase solubility, in vitro drug release, hemolysis and cytotoxicity study
Authors: Pravinkumar M. Patel, Rinkesh Patel, Devang Wadia, Rajni M. Patel
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

Potential of nanoscale triazine based dendritic macromolecules G1, G2 and G3 as solubility enhancers of drug was investigated. Effect of pH, concentration and generation of synthesized dendritic macromolecules on solubility of ketoprofen was studied. G3 dendrimer was further exploited as carrier for sustained release. Ketoprofen was encapsulated by inclusion complex method and also characterized by Flourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Sustained release study of ketoprofen from ketoprofen loaded dendrimer was carried out and compared with free ketoprofen. Hemolytic potential and Cytotoxicity assay using A-549 lung cancer cell lines revealed that synthesized triazine based dendritic macromolecules having more potential that commercially available PAMAM dendrimer.
Research capacity in complementary medicine
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

A report by the House of Lords in 2000 suggested that the dearth of research capacity in complementary medicine (CM) should be remedied by creation of centres of excellence.1 The UK Department of Health, however, decided on a different strategy and currently funds 9 isolated postdoctorate fellowships at various UK institutions of higher education, each supervising one PhD student. The costs of this exercise are about £2 million. For roughly the same amount of money, my unit has during the past eleven years hosted 33 researchers (this figure excludes my current staff). Of those who came and left, 17 were from the UK, 2 each from Germany, Japan, Korea and Sri Lanka, the rest from other countries. 17 held paid employment while the rest had honorary positions. 26 researchers continued CM research after leaving my unit. An independent analysis has suggested that my unit is the most productive research centre of CM in the world.2 These data, I believe, indicate that sponsorship of centres of excellence is the most effective way to generate research capacity in CM.
Suppression of metallothionein-I/II expression and its probable molecular mechanisms.
Authors: Samson T Jacob, Sarmila Majumder, Kalpana Ghoshal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Metallothionein (MT) promoter was methylated in rat hepatoma and in mouse lymphosarcoma cells by methylation of cytosine within the CpG dinucleotide region. After demethylation of MT-I promoter in mouse lymphosarcoma cells or in the transplanted rat hepatoma with 5-azacytidine, a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, the promoter was activated in response to heavy metal treatment. MT-I promoter was also suppressed in human prostate cancer lines PC3 and DU145, probably by promoter methylation, whereas cadmium induced MT-I in the human prostate cancer line LNCaP. In the prostate cancer lines where MT-I was suppressed, glutathione-S-transferase-pi (GST-pi) was expressed. On the contrary, GST-pi gene was repressed in the cell line where MT-I was induced, which suggests an inverse relationship between MT-I induction and GST-pi expression in some prostate cancer lines. The expressions of GST-pi and gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthase were also significantly higher (5- to 12-fold) in the lymphosarcoma cells and the hepatoma relative to the parental tissues. The higher expressions of these two genes suggest a compensatory mechanism in the cells where the gene for the antioxidant MT-I/II is not induced. MT-I/II may function as a growth suppressor either alone or in concert with other factor(s), and consequently their lack of expression could facilitate the tumor growth. In addition to suppression of MT-I/II expression by promoter methylation, the lack of MT induction could also be brought about by nuclear factor I (NFI), probably by interaction with the metal transcription factor MTF-1. An inverse relationship was observed between the level of NFI and MT-I expression in some cells, which suggests a role for NFI in the relatively low constitutive levels of MT-I expression in these cells.