tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT DISORDERS
Authors: David Minard
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Uniformityt disorders based on a universally acceptable, up-to-date classification and nomenclature is a goal recognized for a decade or more in this country and elsewhere. A major step toward achieving this objective is the recent publication 1 of a proposed revision of certain categories in the World Health Organization's Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (ISC) , adopted in 1957. The recommendations represent the culmination of extended collaboration between working parties of the Medical Research Council's Climatic Physiology Committee (United Kingdom) and the National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council's Subcommittee on Thermal Factors in Environment (United States).  The proposed changes apply to four ISC categories in which environmental heat is an etiologic factor, namely, N 981 (Effects of Heat and Insolation), 703 (Other Dermatitis), 714 (Diseases of the Sweat and Sebaceous Glands) , and 318 (Psychoneurotic Reaction) . The authors of the proposed revisions have sought
Reflections of a Maverick Measurement Maven
Authors: Christine H. McGuire
Journal: JAMA (1995)

All living physicians who have ever practiced medicine in the United States share memories of a common ordeal—designed, most of us believe, to protect the public or, as some cynics would have it, to preserve a profitable monopoly—namely, the examination for licensure and/or specialty certification. Herewith, a very personal view of the alleged horrors of"how it used to be" and an account of the changes (progress?) I have witnessed over the past third of a century in the philosophy, procedures, and techniques of assessing physician competence. For editorial comment see p 741. When I entered the field of medical testing 35 years ago, no one had ever heard the word "simulation" applied to examinations in medicine, nor had anyone read a book or seen a test printed in invisible ink. The few existing computers occupied entire floors of large university buildings; litigation against a testing authority for unwelcome results was
Clinical Electroencephalography in Epilepsy and Related Conditions in Children
Authors: Pauline M. Cooke
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Here is an atlas composed of 223 reproductions of various types of abnormal electroencephalograms. It is introduced by 48 pages of brief discussion of technique and of the clinical entities and electrical patterns presented. Some are conditions found only in childhood; tracings used to illustrate the rest are those of children of different ages. The selection on epilepsies has been arranged roughly according to ages at which they appear, from hypsarrhythmia through petit mal, grand mal, cortical foci, psychomotor epilepsy, and vegetative seizures. The electroencephalographic correlates of cerebral palsy, acute convulsive encephalopathy, and febrile convulsions are presented. There is a comprehensive bibliography of approximately 400 items taken from European and American sources, chiefly between 1956 and 1961. The author is an assistant and docent of pediatrics at the University of Siena, Italy. His point of view is clinical and practical and this atlas is addressed primarily to the pediatrician and
Merck faces ongoing claims after Texan ruling on rofecoxib
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The drug company Merck may face thousands of lawsuits over its cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor rofecoxib (Vioxx) after losing a court case concerning the death from an arrhythmia of a fit 59 year old man from Texas who was taking the drug. The jury awarded his widow $253.4m (£140m; €206m)—$24.4m for economic loss and emotional anguish and $229m in punitive damages. However, the award will be reduced under Texan law to about $26m. Merck has said it will appeal.

But Merck faces at least 4200 state and federal lawsuits in the United States by people or their relatives who say they were harmed by the drug.

People elsewhere—the United Kingdom and other European countries, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, and Brazil—are …
Evaluation of fluorescent dyes for the detection of mitochondrial membrane potential changes in cultured cardiomyocytes
Authors: A Mathur
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) is fundamental for the normal performance and survival of cells such as cardiomyocytes, that have a high energy requirement. Measurement of Δψm is therefore essential in order to develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling cardiomyocyte function. Here we have evaluated various potentiometric dyes for their ability to detect alterations of Δψm, using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Methods: Primary cultures of cardiomyocytes from neonate rats were treated with mitochondrial uncouplers before or after loading with Rho123, DiOC6(3), CMXRos or JC-1, and then analysed by flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were identified by light scatter and Annexin V staining. Results: The four potentiometric dyes tested were able to discriminate between viable and apoptotic cells. However, only JC-1 was able to detect the collapse of Δψm induced by uncouplers of mitochondrial respiration. Confocal microscopic analysis confirmed that JC-1 stained mitochondria in a potential-dependent manner. In contrast, CMXRos stained cardiomyocytes irrespective of alterations in Δψm. Conclusions: We conclude that JC-1 is the optimal dye to use when measuring Δψm in cardiomyocytes.
CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING SOME EXTERNAL SOURCES OF INFECTION IN THEIR BEARING ON PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.
Authors: WM. H. WELCH
Journal: JAMA (1889)

No department of medicine has been cultivated in recent years with such zeal and with such fruit- ful results, as that relating to the causes of in- fectious diseases.The most important of these results for preventive medicine, and for the wel- fare of mankind is the knowledge that a large proportion of the causes of sickness and death are
The comparison of esophageal variceal ligation plus propranolol versus propranolol alone for the primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding
Authors: Dongmo Je, Yong-Han Paik, Geum-Youn Gwak, Moon Seok Choi, Joon Hyeok Lee, Kwang Cheol Koh, Seung Woon Paik, Byung Chul Yoo
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

Background/Aims To investigate the efficacy and longterm outcome of esophageal variceal ligation (EVL) plus propranolol in comparison with propranolol alone for the primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding. Methods A total of 504 patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. 330 patients were in propranolol group (Gr1) and 174 patients were in EVL plus propranolol group (Gr2). The endpoints of this study were esophageal variceal bleeding and mortality. Association analyses were performed to evaluate bleeding and mortality between Gr1 and Gr2. Results EVL was more applied in patients with high risk, such as large-sized varices (F2 or F3) or positive red color signs. Total 38 patients had bleeds, 32 in Gr1 and 6 in Gr2. The cumulative probability of bleeding at 120 months was 13% in Gr1 versus 4% in Gr2 (P=0.04). The predictive factors of variceal bleeding were red color signs (OR 2.962, P=0.007) and the method of propranolol plus EVL (OR 0.160, P=0.000). 20 patients died in Gr1 and 12 in Gr2. Mortality rates are similar in the two groups compared, 6.7% in Gr1 and 6.9% in Gr2. The cumulative probability of mortality at 120 months was not significantly different in the two groups (7% in Gr1, 12% in Gr2, P=0.798). The prognostic factors for mortality were age over 50 (OR 5.496, P=0.002), Child-Pugh class B (OR 3.979, P=0.001), and Child-Pugh class C (OR 10.861, P=0.000). Conclusions EVL plus propranolol is more effective than propranolol alone in the prevention of the first variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. Keywords: Esophageal varices; Bleeding; Prophylaxis; Ligation; Propranolol
Pathology of Amebiasis—An Acknowledgement.
Authors: None Woolley
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Manila, P. I., October, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the hurry of completing our article on the "Pathology of Intestinal Amebiasis," Dr. Musgrave and I omitted to give credit to whom credit was due. A certain number of the cases on which our statistics were based were cases at the First Reserve Hospital, in which Dr. R. P. Strong had done the autopsies either alone or assisted by Dr. Musgrave. The omission of this recognition was entirely unpremeditated, and we wish to express our sincerest apologies. In case the paper has gone to print<sup>1</sup>will you please give our acknowledgement space on another page?
An Integrative Analysis of the Tumorigenic Role of TAZ in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Satoshi Noguchi, Akira Saito, Masafumi Horie, Yu Mikami, Hiroshi I. Suzuki, Yasuyuki Morishita, Mitsuhiro Ohshima, Yoshimitsu Abiko, Johanna Sofia Margareta Mattsson, Helena König, Miriam Lohr, Karolina Edlund, Johan Botling, Patrick Micke, Takahide Nagase
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

TAZ, also known as WWTR1, has recently been suggested as an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the clinical relevance of TAZ expression and its functional role in NSCLC tumorigenesis.We characterized TAZ at the DNA (n=192), mRNA (n=196), and protein levels (n=345) in an NSCLC patient cohort. Gene expression analysis was complemented by a meta-analysis of public datasets (n=1,382). The effects of TAZ on cell proliferation and cell cycle were analyzed in cell cultures and on tumor growth in mice. TAZ-dependent microarray-based expression profiles in NSCLC cells were combined with molecular profiles in human NSCLC tissues for in silico analysis.Higher TAZ mRNA and protein levels were associated with shorter patient survival. Transduction of TAZ enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in bronchial epithelial cells, whereas TAZ silencing suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in NSCLC cells. Microarray and cell culture experiments showed that ErbB ligands (amphiregulin, epiregulin, and neuregulin 1) are downstream targets of TAZ. Our in silico analysis revealed a TAZ signature that substantiated the clinical impact of TAZ and confirmed its relationship to the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.TAZ expression defines a clinically distinct subgroup of patients with NSCLC. ErbB ligands are suggested to mediate the effects of TAZ on lung cancer progression. Our findings emphasize the tumorigenic role of TAZ and may serve as the basis for new treatment strategies.
Massive bladder hemorrhage.
Authors: P J Smith, R D Pocock, M A Ferro
Journal: BMJ (1986)

~mu 81986 that is the electrocardiogriphicdreading.-ITfact that a patient has hypertension does not change that-reading.Howiver,-the ined cincin wih confldencein thehistoryandbloodpssures alues may then conclude that left ventricularhyper- trophyis more likely ;
Abstract 1424: Cyclophilin A induces head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) invasion by its interaction to EMMPRIN/CD147
Authors: Shinsuke Suzuki, Masafumi Takahashi, Kazuo Ishikawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that is crucial in tumorigenesis involves proteolytic enzymes, primarily matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The production of MMPs is stimulated by different factors, including extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer (EMMPRIN/CD147). Over-expression of EMMPRIN, a member of the immunoglobulin super-family, promotes invasion, metastasis, growth and survival of malignant cells. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a multifunction protein and promotes cancer progression in various cancer types. It has been reported CypA can interact and activate EMMPRIN, however the role of EMMPRIN-Cyp A interaction in oncogenicity is not fully understood in malignant cells including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In order to evaluate tumorigenicity that are induced by EMMPRIN-CypA interaction, EMMPRIN expressing HNSCC cell lines were stimulated with CypA. The MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] dye assay revealed that HNSCC cell proliferation was increased, whereas cisplatin induced cell death was declined in the presence of CypA. In addition, CypA induced MMP-9 up-regulation was detected in culture medium by gelatin zymography. Moreover, increment of invaded cells through matrigel-coated membranes was found by CypA stimulation. Interestingly the elevated invasive potential was abrogated by EMMPRIN function blocking antibody. These findings suggest that CypA, by its interaction to EMMPRIN, might contribute to the HNSCC tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1424. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1424
Epidemiologic Analysis of a Cluster of Homicides of Children in Atlanta
Authors: Martin J. Blaser
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Between July 1, 1979, and March 15, 1981, there were 22 unsolved homicides and two unsolved disappearances of Atlanta children. Using epidemiologic methods, we attempted to identify factors that had put children at an increased risk of homicide. That all victims in this cluster were black, killed away from home, and that asphyxiation was overrepresented suggests that the cluster was discrete. The cluster was not homogeneous in relation to location of the victim's area of residence or location of the body; however, the median distance of 9.3 miles from home to body suggests that in some cases a motor vehicle was involved. A neighborhood-based study of the male victims and age- and sex-matched controls showed that victims more often ran errands for money (relative risk, 7.9) and were more often alone on the streets or in shopping centers; therefore, they may have been more approachable than other children in the neighborhood. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:3255-3258)
P47 Patient characteristics of those referred and not referred for early post-hospitalisation pulmonary rehabilitation: Abstract P47 Table 1.
Authors: SE Jones, SSC Kon, SA Green, D Bell, JL Canavan, CM Nolan, AL Clark, M Dickson, A-M Nolan, S Fleming, M Haselden, WD-C Man
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Early post-hospitalisation pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) following acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) has been shown to improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL), increase exercise capacity and reduce rate of hospital readmission. However, only a minority of eligible patients are referred for (or receive) this intervention. The aim of this study was to determine differences in baseline characteristics between those referred or not referred for early post-hospitalisation PR. We hypothesised that those with poorer lung function, worse functional capacity, increased muscle weakness and cachexia would be less likely to be referred for early post-hospitalisation PR. <h3>Methods</h3> Two hundred and twenty six patients hospitalised for AECOPD were consecutively recruited on day of hospital discharge. All fulfilled the eligibility criteria for PR, which included the ability to walk 5 metres independently. The following measurements were performed on day of hospital discharge by the research team: spirometry, anthropometry (body mass index: BMI and fat free mass index (FFMI)), lower limb muscle strength (Quadriceps Maximum Voluntary Contraction: QMVC), functional capacity (4-metre gait speed (4MGS)), HRQOL (COPD Assessment Test (CAT)) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD)). Length of stay (LOS), previous admissions to hospital in past year, social deprivation scores (based on postcode) and smoking history were also recorded. The decision to refer was made by the clinical team, blinded to results of outcome measurements. <h3>Results</h3> The results are seen in Table 1. Seventy three patients (32%) were referred for early post-hospitalisation PR. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no difference in spirometry, muscle strength, functional capacity or muscle mass between patients that were referred or not referred for early post-hospitalisation PR. There were also no differences in HRQOL, anxiety or depression scores, smoking status, social deprivation score or number of hospitalisations in past year. The only significant difference was a slightly reduced length of hospital stay for those referred to PR <h3>Conclusion</h3> Reasons for non-referral for post-hospitalisation PR cannot be simply explained by physiological characteristics at hospital discharge, and are likely to be secondary to complex interactions between patient and healthcare professionals. Further qualitative work is required to understand these interactions and relationships.
Diabetic Clinics Today and Tomorrow: Mini-clinics in General Practice
Authors: P. A. Thorn, R. G. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In the belief that there was need for diabetic clinics in general practice, 14 of them have been started in the Wolverhampton area. Provided that patients with diabetes that is difficult to control, or who need extra care, remain the responsibility of the hospital diabetic department, this system is an advantage for the hospital department, general practice, and the patient. We believe that many patients are now getting better care in general-practice clinics than they were in the hospital department.
A PREDICTIVE SCORING MODEL OF 2-YEAR MORTALITY AFTER REVASCULARIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: tatsuya shiraki, Osamu iida, Shin Okamoto, Takayuki Ishihara, Kiyonori Nanto, Takuma Iida, Keisuke Okuno, Masaaki Uematsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Surgical Therapy of Liver Cancer
Authors: Reyer T. Ottow, David A. August, Paul H. Sugarbaker
Journal: Liver Cancer (1985)

Currently the only potentially curative therapy for the patient with a primary hepatic malignancy or with hepatic metastases is surgical resection of the cancer. Therefore, this option should always be evaluated before other treatment alternatives are pursued. In selected patients resection can be performed with a morbidity and mortality similar to that of many surgical procedures that are routinely performed. Survival of patients with resected intrahepatic malignancy is far superior to the natural course of the disease. With proximal biliary tract tumors even resection with clear margins seldom results in cure. The emphasis with this disease is on relief of obstructive jaundice, prolongation of life, and improvement of quality of life.
Television programme distorted dangers of diagnostic radiology
Authors: M. J Brindle
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—A recent television programme (Panorama “The x-ray files,” BBC1, 22 Apr 1996) seriously distorted the dangers of diagnostic radiology. The producers relied heavily on an American scientist whose views are unsupported by any peer reviewed evidence.

Radiologists in Britain are keenly aware of the potential hazard of ionising radiation, are responsible under the regulations for the protection of people undergoing medical examination or treatment for clinically …
Improvement of psoriasis by a topical vitamin D3 analogue (MC 903) in a double-blind study
Authors: K. KRAGBALLE, H. I. BECK, H. SOGAARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

The effect of the non-calciotropic vitamin D3 analogue MC 903 on psoriasis vulgaris was assessed in a double-blind, placebo controlled trial in 30 patients. Lesions on one side of the body were treated for 6 weeks with a cream containing 10 μ/g, 33 μg//g or 100 μg/g MC 903 and lesions on the other side were treated with the cream base alone, according to a randomized design. Nine of the 10 patients in each treatment group completed the study. MC 903 cream gave a statistically significant decrease in erythema, thickness and scaling of the lesions, compared with the control. Overall assessment of psoriasis after 6 weeks showed moderate or excellent improvement in two of nine patients treated with 10 μg/g, in five of nine patients treated with 33 μ/g, and in seven of nine patients treated with 100 μ/g MC 903. Placebo treatment showed a moderate improvement in only one of the 27 patients. The histopathological picture of the psoriatic lesions corresponded with the clinical changes. The patients reported no adverse reactions, and laboratory tests did not show any significant changes; in particular there was no change in serum calcium levels. These results suggest that the vitamin D3 analogue MC 903 is an effective and safe topical treattnent for psoriasis.
Polymorphisms of protein tyrosine phosphatase CD148 influence FcγRIIA-dependent platelet activation and the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Jérôme Rollin, Claire Pouplard, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Dorothée Leroux, Marc-Antoine May, Michel Aupart, Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart, Bernard Payrastre, Yves Gruel
Journal: Blood (2012)
Relationship between insulin- and histamine-stimulated gastric secretion before and after vagotomy.
Authors: P B Boulos, R G Faber, P F Whitfield, J V Parkin, M Hobsley
Journal: Gut (1983)

The relationship of gastric secretion in response to a single injection of insulin and in response to a histamine infusion, in unoperated patients with duodenal ulcer was studied before and after vagotomy. The secretion in response to insulin was significantly less than that in response to histamine. The ratio was about 0.7 before vagotomy, and about 0.4 after vagotomy irrespective of the adequacy of vagotomy. Highly significant correlations were obtained between the responses to the two stimuli, both in the unoperated group and in the whole postoperative group as well as in the inadequate vagotomy group, but not in patients after adequate vagotomy. Thus, the proportional differences between individuals in response to insulin were substantially the same as the proportional differences in response to histamine. The algebraic excess of histamine- over insulin-stimulated secretion before vagotomy did not differ from the value after vagotomy. Histamine-stimulated secretion after adequate vagotomy approximated to, but after inadequate vagotomy was greater than the preoperative algebraic excess of histamine- over insulin-stimulated secretion. These results are consistent with a new model of acetylcholine/histamine-receptor relationships. A certain proportion of the parietal cells are insensitive to the vagus but sensitive to histamine; and those sensitive to the vagus are also sensitive to histamine, but only when their vagal innervation is intact.
Striae and Systemic Abnormalities of Connective Tissue
Authors: Louis Pottkotter
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  Drs Glesby and Pyeritz 1 include striae as one of the 18 signs of a possible systemic connective-tissue disorder. Thirty-four percent of their patients with a diagnosis of overlap connective-tissue disorder had striae. However, Pinkus et al 2 found no significant difference in the striae of normal controls vs patients with Marfan syndrome, and Sisson 3 examined 190 healthy children aged 10 to 16 years and found striae in 35% (28% of the boys and 71.6% of the girls). Given the high percentage of striae found in the normal population, it is hard to understand why Drs Glesby and Pyeritz included striae as one of their clinical criteria for diagnosing a systemic connective-tissue disorder (with all of the ramifications that label entails). The presence of striae seems to be nothing more than a random association.
BAG5 Inhibits Parkin and Enhances Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration
Authors: Suneil K. Kalia, Sang Lee, Patrice D. Smith, Li Liu, Stephen J. Crocker, Thorhildur E. Thorarinsdottir, John R. Glover, Edward A. Fon, David S. Park, Andres M. Lozano
Journal: Neuron (2004)