tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2657: Development of melanoma target-specific drug delivery system
Authors: Margaret Ndinguri, Gregg Fields, Janelle Lauer-Fields
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract While many approved drugs are well-tolerated by most biological systems, numerous drugs could utilize advanced delivery systems to direct them where needed and minimize breakdown as they circulate through the body. We are exploring targeted delivery of doxorubicin using Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery Systems (nanoDDSs). NanoDDSs have gained recent popularity but they do not posses inherent targeting capabilities. Nanoparticles and micelles can be modified in many ways allowing for specific targeted delivery. Over expression of CD44 in metastatic melanoma and a variety of tumor stem cells has made this receptor an ideal candidate for targeted drug delivery. The sequence to which CD44 binds within the type IV collagen triple helix has been identified as α1(IV)1263-1277. The incorporation of α1(IV)1263-1277 into drug loaded liposomes confers targeting selectivity against cancer cell lines that have CD44 receptors. Doxorubicin is one of the FDA approved drugs widely used for treatment of many types of cancers. The specificity of this drug can be enhanced by targeted delivery to the cancer cells, thereby minimizing deleterious side effects. In this study we present novel targeted doxorubicin-loaded liposomes and investigate the tumor cell selective localization and efficacy of the drug delivery system. Recent results on synthesis, structure and function, toxicity and selectivity will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2657.
Osteoblast growth and function in porous poly ε-caprolactone matrices for bone repair: a preliminary study
Authors: G. Ciapetti, L. Ambrosio, L. Savarino, D. Granchi, E. Cenni, N. Baldini, S. Pagani, S. Guizzardi, F. Causa, A. Giunti
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Multicentric Study Comparing Intravesical Chemotherapy Alone and With Local Microwave Hyperthermia for Prophylaxis of Recurrence of Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Renzo Colombo, Luigi Filippo Da Pozzo, Andrea Salonia, Patrizio Rigatti, Zvi Leib, Jack Baniel, Emanuele Caldarera, Michele Pavone-Macaluso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To compare the efficacy and local toxicity of the intravesical instillation of a cytostatic drug versus the same cytostatic agent in combination with local hyperthermia as an adjuvant treatment, after complete transurethral resection (TURB) of superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.The study was designed as a prospective, multicentric, randomized trial. Eighty-three patients suffering from primary or recurrent superficial (Ta-T1) TCC of the bladder, after a complete TURB, were randomly assigned to receive intravesical instillations of mitomycin C (MMC) alone, for 41 patients, and MMC in combination with local microwave-induced hyperthermia, for 42 patients. For the combined approach, a new system, Synergo101-1 (Medical Enterprises, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) was used. The effectiveness evaluation end points of the study were evaluation of recurrence-free survival and the estimated probability of recurrence. The safety evaluation end points included subjective and objective side effects and clinical complications. For the efficacy end point, Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed, with the log-rank test for significance. Minimum follow-up time was 24 months.Of the 83 randomly assigned patients, 75 completed the study according to the protocol and had valid cystoscopy results. Survival analysis of the 75 assessable patients demonstrated a highly significant difference in the survival curves in favor of thermochemotherapy. Subjective intolerance and clinical complications were significantly higher but transient and moderate in the combined treatment group.In our series, endovesical thermochemotherapy appears to be more effective than standard endovesical chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment for superficial bladder tumors at 24-month follow-up, despite an increased but acceptable local toxicity.
Screening for carotid junction disease by spectral analysis of Doppler signals
Authors: J. J. BASKETT, M. G. BEASLEY, G. J. MURPHY, D. E. HYAMS, R. G. GOSLING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Journal Article Screening for carotid junction disease by spectral analysis of Doppler signals Get access J. J. BASKETT, J. J. BASKETT From the Non-Invasive Angiology Group, Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Physics, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. G. BEASLEY, M. G. BEASLEY From the Non-Invasive Angiology Group, Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Physics, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. J. MURPHY, G. J. MURPHY From the Non-Invasive Angiology Group, Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Physics, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. E. HYAMS, D. E. HYAMS From the Non-Invasive Angiology Group, Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Physics, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. G. GOSLING R. G. GOSLING 2 From the Non-Invasive Angiology Group, Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Physics, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London 2Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr R. G. Gosling, Non-Invasive Angiology Group, Department of Physics, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 11, Issue 2, March 1977, Pages 147–155, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/11.2.147 Published: 01 March 1977
Fetal malformation after Debendox treatment in early pregnancy
Authors: R W Smithells, S. Sheppard
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Results of desmopressin urine concentration test at different ages Age group No of subjects Mean maximum (years) osmolality (mmol/kg) ± SD (A) 20-24 7 1044±73 (B) 25-29 3 983 ±48 (C) 30-34 3 983 ±152 (D) 35-39 6 935 ±82 (E) 40-44 8 894 ±95 (F) 45-49 3 926 ±143 (G) 50-54 8 873 ±142 (H) 55-59 5 909±91patients aged 40-59 (864 i 164 mmol/kg).Thus although all subjects achieved a concentration which we would regard as normal our results suggest that urine-concentrating ability diminishes with advancing age.We have found no evidence of diminished ability as a consequence of various non-renal diseases.
Uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase activity in synovial lining cells in the experimental antigen induced model of rheumatoid arthritis: an indication of synovial lining cell function.
Authors: A A Pitsillides, S M Blake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase (UDPGD) is the enzyme responsible for the production of uridine diphospho(UDP)-glucuronate, an essential monosaccharide in the biosynthesis of hyaluronan, which is found in high concentrations in normal synovial fluid. Synovial lining cells have been implicated in the synthesis of hyaluronan, but the degree to which they are adapted metabolically to this function in normal and inflamed synovium has not been established. Using a quantitative cytochemical method it was shown that synovial lining cells from chronically inflamed rabbit synovium had significantly lower UDPGD activity per cell than the lining cells of normal synovium. These findings suggest that the lining cells of normal non-inflamed synovium may be enzymatically adapted for the synthesis of hyaluronan and that this may be an indication of a specific role of synovial lining cells in the maintenance of normal joint function.
Anxiety responses to maximal exercise testing.
Authors: P J O'Connor, S J Petruzzello, K A Kubitz, T L Robinson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

The influence of maximal exercise testing on state anxiety was examined in three separate studies. Highly trained male distance runners (Study 1, n = 12) as well as college students with average (Study 2, n = 16) and below average (Study 3, n = 32) physical fitness levels completed graded maximal exercise tests. This last group was also randomly assigned to either a control or an 8 week training programme in order to determine the effect of increased fitness on the psychological responses to maximal exercise testing. Physical fitness was determined by the measurement of maximal oxygen uptake. State anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) was assessed before and from 2-15 min following exercise. It was found that the state anxiety responses to maximal exercise testing were not influenced by re-testing or by 8 weeks of endurance training. Across the three study groups, the anxiety response was variable during the first 5 min following exercise testing; increases, decreases and no changes in anxiety were observed when compared to pre-exercise levels. The anxiety response to maximal exercise appeared to be dependent on the pre-exercise anxiety levels as well as the timing of the post-exercise assessments. It is concluded that maximal exercise testing can be associated with negative mood shifts during the first 5 min after exercise; however, this response is transitory and followed by positive mood shifts 10-15 min following such tests.
THE FATTY AND FIBROID DEGENERATIONS.
Authors: EPHRAIM CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

ALCOHOL A CAUSE OF FATTY DEGENERATION. The use of alcohol is so common that this subject would not be well treated were not an allusion made to the effect of alcohol in producing fatty degeneration. Systemic writers so put it, and there is good reason, for alcohol is CHO while fat is CHO in varied proportion. Both are hydrocarbons and convertible with very little change in proportion. Alcohol acutely produces what fatty and fibrous degeneration produce chronically. Drunkenness may well sometimes be called acute locomotor ataxy, and insanity, acute softening of the brain, acute paralysis and want of coördination. The mental vagaries of a drunken man are like those of people paralyzed more or less, so much so that people paralyzed from fatty brain degeneration have been mistaken and locked up as drunkards. Some years ago a Mayor of a New Hampshire city was found in the Boston and Lowell
Future of long term care of dependent elderly people.
Authors: J M Kellett
Journal: BMJ (1991)

made in table VII (that is, 13 surgeons by three types of operations and all operations together).Thirdly, no data are given to show whether or not survival is improved when surgery is done by specialists because, as the authors say, none of the surgeons specialised in this type of surgery.Furthermore, the postoperative mortality and complication rates for the four consultants with over 40% oftheir operations performed by surgeons in training were no worse than those for the other surgeons.Fourthly, comparing the hazard rates in the 10 years after surgery ignores the possibility that factors influencing postoperative mortality may well differ from those influencing longer term mortality.For example, postoperative mortality may be related to the technical skill of the surgeon, but longer term mortality might be related more to the surgeon's choice of procedure influenced by the patients' likely prognosis.Reporting large variability based on relatively small numbers resembles the situation on referral rates of general practitioners some time ago.Such studies had reported 20-fold variation in rates.Concern about this forms part of the government's justification for NHS reforms.'These studies were, however, based on small numbers of referrals and much of the variability could be attributed to random variation.4Later studies involving larger numbers of referrals found significant but much smaller variations in referral rates.4The paper by Messrs McArdle and Hole raises the important issue of significant variation in patients' outcome among surgeons.In our opinion there is insufficient adequate data and statistical back up to justify their conclusions.Further studies involving many more patients are required.
US launches campaign to combat Medicare fraud
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The US Department of Health and Human Services has joined up with the American Association of Retired Persons to campaign against Medicare fraud to train patients systematically to query their healthcare bills.

The campaign-“Who Pays? You Pay”-was launched last month with training sessions in 31 cities for 10000 Medicare beneficiaries and volunteers from the American Association of Retired Persons. It is aimed at reducing waste, including simple billing errors …
Silent Infarction of the Brain Incidental Finding Demonstrated by SPECT
Authors: JAMES M. MOUNTZ, HERBERT MALINOFF, MARK W. WILSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Bone imaging of the body is often requested to rule out metastatic disease. A patient with suspected breast carcinoma underwent bone imaging which revealed a focal area of uptake that appeared to be localized in the right posterior calvarium. The initial interpretation was possible solitary metastatic breast carcinoma to the skull. Skull radiographs and head computed tomography (CT) were suggested for follow-up evaluation. The skull series was performed immediately after bone imaging and was negative. Further clinical information revealed that the patient recently had undergone total right internal carotid artery ligation for treatment of a large, surgically inaccessible right cavernous aneurysm. SPECT imaging of the head localized the region of abnormal uptake adjacent to the calvarium, which suggested the uptake was due to a recent brain infarction or metastatic disease to the brain. A CT scan performed 4 days later demonstrated generalized cerebral atrophy, but was otherwise normal, ruling out metastatic breast carcinoma. This case emphasizes the importance of SPECT imaging when a solitary skull lesion is found on bone imaging. SPECT can localize the lesion to be within the brain and/or skull and can aid in further investigative management. A lesion located at the periphery of the brain may be due to an occult stroke. This finding is of particular consideration in the elderly in whom there is a relatively high incidence of coexisting cancer and silent brain infarction.
Correlation between CXCR4 and Homing or Engraftment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Giuseppe Monaco, John W. Belmont, Marina Konopleva, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Tavor et al. [(1)][1] investigated the role of CXCR4 in the migration and development of human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) stem cells in NOD/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. They reported that human AML cells home to the murine bone marrow (BM) and spleen in an SDF-1/CXCR4-dependent
Pitfalls of Genetic Testing
Authors: R Hubbard, R C Lewontin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Genes have become the preferred way to explain all types of ill health and unwanted behavior. Some of the attributions seem fairly clear-cut, but many are being embraced uncritically and oversold. This situation can be troubling for clinicians, as well as for the general public. It is often hard to be sure that genes do account for someone's complex condition, such as circulatory problems or cancer. But even when such an association seems fairly clear, it is hard to know what practical conclusions to draw. Unfortunately, many of these uncertainties arise from the way genes function, not just from shortcomings . . .
Pharmaceutical Sponsorship, CME, and the Prurient Desires of Registrants
Authors: Glenda D. Donoghue
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The American Medical Association's (AMA) guidelines for physician relationship with industry<sup>1</sup>and the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education's (ACCME) guidelines for commercial support of continuing medical education (CME) programs<sup>2</sup>have now been widely circulated and the Food and Drug Administration is promising to issue guidelines that will define their interpretations of "promotion" and "education" by the end of the year.<sup>3</sup>In the midst of all this activity, the AMA has revised its requirements for earning the Physician's Recognition Award (PRA)<sup>4</sup>to give greater weight to category 2 credit and "encourage self-directed medical education." Category 2 includes attendance at lectures that have not been designated AMA PRA category 1. As the director of an accredited sponsor's CME program with more than 40 000 annual registrants, I welcome the more restrictive regulations on commercial support; while they create work for an already burdened program,
Changing of the Deans
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

IF one is searching for a metaphor to express ephemerality, the tenure of medical-school deans is rapidly replacing the lives of butterflies these days. According to Association of American Medical Colleges statistics (personal communication, Dr. M. Wilson) the half-life of such deans is close to three years — half the deans in American medical schools will have changed jobs within that period. (A decade ago, the figure was five years.) Moreover, as many as 20 medical deanships were open earlier this year. Yet the number of applicants for such positions appears plentiful.Reasons for this impermanence of deans are multiple. . . .
CONGENITAL OPACITY OF THE CORNEA.
Authors: H. MOULTON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The recent articles by Tepljaschin (<i>Arch. Ophth.</i>, Vol. xxvi, p. 74) and by Barbacheff (review in<i>Ophth. Rec.</i>, Vol. vi, p. 88) have stimulated interest in the rare anomalies of corneal transparency of congenital origin. The point of practical interest is to determine whether such a case is due to arrested development or to an inflammatory process, especially interstitial keratitis of syphilitic origin<i>in utero.</i> My case was that of a boy seen Nov. 14, 1896, at that time 8 years old. The case had also been seen by my colleague Dr. W. G. Smith in January, 1890, who noted as follows: "Total opacity of left cornea, said by parents to have been present from birth. The parents also stated that opacity would sometimes clear up so that the outline of the pupil could be seen. V.=Pl." There was no record made of nystagmus, but a concomitant convergent squint was
A case of systemic multinodular mastocytosis
Authors: L.J. STANOEVA, D. KONSTANTINOV
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

A case of systemic multinodular mastocytosis in a girl aged 6 months is described. The disease started at 3 months with numerous nodules over the entire body, including palms and soles. Severe itching and dermographism were also present. Transient bullous lesions appeared on the scalp, chest and limbs. Enlargement of the liver, and of lymph nodes in both inguinal regions, was found. On X‐ray examination of the skeleton osteoporotic and osteosclerotic changes were observed. X‐ray examination of the gastro‐intestinal tract showed nodules of the jejunal mucosa. Yellowish punctiform lesions were present in the fundus oculi.
Case-Control Study of Oral Contraceptive Pills and Endometrial Cancer
Authors: RALPH I. HORWITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

This paper analyses the data of a large case-control study on the relationship of various estrogen preparations to endometrial cancer. 2 methods of selecting cases and controls (conventional and alternative) were used. In both the conventional and alternative series, mean age of the cases was 60 + or - 8 (SD); for controls of both series, mean age was 61 + or - 8 (SD). In the conventional series. 119 cases from the Yale Registry Tumor between July '74 and June '76 were age-matched (within 4 years) with 119 controls. In the alternative series, 149 who had had dilatation and curettage or hysterectomy between January '74 and June '76 were age-matched with 149 controls. All case and control members were directly interviewed by telephone and were asked as to type of oral contraceptive used, duration of use, and reasons for prescription and discontinuation. In the conventional series, exposure rate, or number of women who were pill users, was 6% for cases and controls; the odds ratio was 1.0. In the alternative series, exposure rate was 8% for cases and controls, with an odds ratio of 0.95. Results of this analysis failed to support the association between oral contraceptive use and endometrial cancer, and this was further strengthened by the consistency of results in 2 separate case control investigations done with different methods of patient selection.
<i>miR-31</i> Ablates Expression of the HIF Regulatory Factor FIH to Activate the HIF Pathway in Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Chung-Ji Liu, Meng-Miao Tsai, Pei-Shih Hung, Shou-Yen Kao, Tsung-Yun Liu, Kou-Juey Wu, Shih-Hwa Chiou, Shu-Chun Lin, Kuo-Wei Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously expressed noncoding RNAs with important biological and pathological functions that are yet to be fully defined. This study investigated alterations in miRNA expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the incidence of which is rising throughout the world. Initial screening and subsequent analysis identified a panel of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in HNSCC tissues, with miR-31 among the most markedly upregulated. Ectopic expression of miR-31 increased the oncogenic potential of HNSCC cells under normoxic conditions in cell culture or tumor xenografts. Conversely, blocking miR-31 expression reduced the growth of tumor xenografts. The in silico analysis suggested that miR-31 may target the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH), a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) regulatory factor that inhibits the ability of HIF to act as a transcriptional regulator under normoxic conditions. In support of this likelihood, miR-31 expression repressed FIH expression and mutations within the predictive miR-31 target site in the FIH 3' UTR abrogated FIH repression. Furthermore, miR-31 expression increased HIF transactivation activity. We found that FIH suppressed oncogenic phenotypes under normoxic conditions and that this activity was abrogated by functional mutations. Lastly, increased miR-31 expression was correlated with decreased levels of FIH in tumor tissues. Our findings suggest that miR-31 contributes to the development of HNSCC by impeding FIH to activate HIF under normoxic conditions.