tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GlaxoSmithKline on its remote desktop interface for independent reanalysis of drug trial data
Authors: J. Shannon
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We launched our system in May 2013 to provide researchers with access to patient level data from our studies in the belief that greater access to these data would facilitate further research to advance medical science and lead to improvements in patient care. I am sorry that Jureidini and his team have had difficulty working within the system.1 We worked hard to …
Visions of Hope in Cancer: Focus on Infrastructure
Authors: Peter B. Bach
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Abstract A16: Overexpression of activin A is associated with poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and promotes the proliferation, motility and invasion of oral cancer cells.
Authors: Kai-Ping Chang, Chi-Neu Tsai
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective: Both activin A, a member of transforming growth factor superfamily, and its inhibitor follistatin have been shown to be overexpressed in various cancers. We examined the expression of activin A and follistatin in tissue and blood samples from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: The study population comprises 92 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. activin A and follistatin levels in tissues and sera were examined by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Effects of activin A on oral cancer cells were investigated by trans-well migration/invasion assays and RNA interference. Results: Overexpression of immunohistochemically detected activin A was correlated with positive N stage, poor histological differentiation, and perineural invasion (P = 0.029, 0.002, and 0.014, respectively). Statistical significant correlations between activin A and FST were observed in both mRNA and immunohistochemical expression (Pearson's correlation r = 0.507, P = 0.008 and r = 0.354 and P = 0.0005, respectively). In survival analyses, patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma whose tumors overexpressed activin A had a worse prognosis for overall survival and disease-free survival (P = 0.009 and 0.007). However, expression of follistatin in tumor was not correlated with overall survival or disease-free survival. Serum activin A and follistatin levels in 111 untreated patients were neither significantly different from those of 91 control samples nor associated with any clinicopathological manifestations. In vitro suppression of activin A expression in OC3 cells using specific interfering RNA attenuated cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. Conclusion: These findings suggest that activin A overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinomas is associated with patients survival and may contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):A16
Outcome Prediction in Pediatric Medulloblastoma Based on DNA Copy-Number Aberrations of Chromosomes 6q and 17q and the <i>MYC</i> and <i>MYCN</i> Loci
Authors: Stefan Pfister, Marc Remke, Axel Benner, Frank Mendrzyk, Grischa Toedt, Jörg Felsberg, Andrea Wittmann, Frauke Devens, Nicolas U. Gerber, Stefan Joos, Andreas Kulozik, Guido Reifenberger, Stefan Rutkowski, Otmar D. Wiestler, Bernhard Radlwimmer, Wolfram Scheurlen, Peter Lichter, Andrey Korshunov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Current treatment decisions are based on clinical variables. Novel tumor-derived biomarkers may improve the risk stratification of medulloblastoma patients.A model for the molecular risk stratification was proposed from an array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) screen (n = 80). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses for chromosome arms 6q, 17p, and 17q and the MYC and MYCN loci were performed in an independent validation set (n = 260). Copy number aberrations were correlated with clinical, histologic, and survival data.Gain of 6q and 17q and genomic amplification of MYC or MYCN were each associated with poor outcome in the array-CGH study (n = 80). In contrast, all patients with 6q-deleted tumors survived. Given these findings, the following hierarchical molecular staging system was defined: (1) MYC/MYCN amplification, (2) 6q gain, (3) 17q gain, (4) 6q and 17q balanced, and (5) 6q deletion. The prognostic value of this staging system was investigated by FISH analysis (n = 260). The addition of molecular markers to clinical risk factors resulted in the identification of a large proportion of patients (72 of 260 patients; 30%) at high risk for relapse and death who would be considered standard risk by application of clinical variables alone.Genomic aberrations in medulloblastoma are powerful independent markers of disease progression and survival. By adding genomic markers to established clinical and histologic variables, outcome prediction can be substantially improved. Because the analyses can be conducted on routine paraffin-embedded material, it will be especially feasible to use this novel molecular staging system in large multicenter clinical trials.
Fenfluramine and Pigmented Skin
Authors: Sune Jespersen
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The question from Irwin H. Linden (221:720, 1972) concerning brown pigmentation of the skin along the veins following heroin injections brings a letter from the<i>British Medical Journal</i>(3:115, 1972) to my mind. D.W. Barlett described "a beneficial side effect arising from the treatment of obesity with fenfluramine." In a number of patients he saw fading, shrinking, or complete disappearance of pigmented naevi, severe erythema intertrigo, and red Campbell de Morgan spots after a few weeks of fenfluramine therapy. Fenfluramine might be an answer to Dr. Linden's question.
Points: Use of a conical spacer device in severe asthma
Authors: F Carswell, A H Kendrick
Journal: BMJ (1984)

and Dr R Wise (21 April, p 1179) emphasised the toll exacted by pneumococcal infections but did not make it clear that pneu- mococcal bacteraemia generally occurs in people with pre-existing disease.In a study of 103 cases of pneumococcal bacteraemia at East Birmingham Hospital pre-existing disease was found in 820' of the 79 patients aged over 20 and in 38 of the 41 aged between 40 and 70.1 Most of the underlying diseases involved the respiratory system, major metabolic processes, or the immune system.In the latter group the most common disorder was hyposplenism.
Pathology: Diseases of Bone
Authors: Louis Lichtenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

SOME fourteen years have elapsed since a Medical Progress report in this journal was last devoted to consideration of the pathology of diseases of bone,1 although a cursory survey of a miscellaneous group of skeletal disorders from the radiologist's point of view2 appeared in 1951. This apparent neglect seems to reflect pressures in many other directions during a period of unparalleled activity, rather than waning of interest in diseases of bone, neoplastic or otherwise, or lack of significant progress in understanding of them. Within the limited scope of this discussion, it will be possible only to highlight certain altered or . . .
Care of the Medical Ethos: Reflections on Social Darwinism, Racial Hygiene, and the Holocaust
Authors: Jeremiah A. Barondess
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

The core values of medicine-healing, relief of suffering, and compassion-have ancient roots and have been reiterated on countless occasions over the millennia. Most physicians have adopted these values and use them to guide clinical practice. However, these principles, which reflect the ethical priorities of medicine in most western societies, are vulnerable to distortion and subversion by various forces. The eugenics movement of the early 20th century, based on flawed and simplistic science, was one such force; it led medicine to adversely affect the lives of tens of thousands of persons in the United States, Great Britain, and elsewhere. The most egregious distortions of the medical ethos took place in Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, when state policies led German biomedicine to depart radically from the traditional values. Recent decades have seen heightened sensitivity to the idea that the medical ethos is not immutable; rather, upholding it requires concerned attention and ongoing care. Such views have been sharpened not only by reports of ethically flawed research but by striking inequalities in access to and quality of health care among socioeconomic and ethnic groups in the U.S. population. Specific efforts are needed to raise awareness of the central importance of the medical ethos as an active guide across the range of activities of biomedicine.
Sports medicine training in the United States
Authors: Walton W Curl, Irvin E Bomberger
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Editor,—The article “Sports medicine training in the United States” was recently brought to our attention. We applaud the journal's interest in improving the public's understanding of this complex area, but we are concerned about a number of serious misstatements on orthopaedic sports medicine training.

Firstly, the author states that orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship programmes are not accredited and do not have curriculum requirements or standards for supervision. It is a point of public record by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)—the US entity responsible for accrediting fellowships in all specialty endeavours—that there are 53 accredited orthopaedic sports medicine programmes. This compares with 64 accredited primary care sports medicine programmes in emergency medicine, internal medicine, paediatrics and …
Up-Regulation of c-Jun Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis via Caspase-Triggered c-Abl Cleavage in Human Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Klaus Podar, Marc S. Raab, Giovanni Tonon, Martin Sattler, Daniela Barilà, Jing Zhang, Yu-Tzu Tai, Hiroshi Yasui, Noopur Raje, Ronald A. DePinho, Teru Hideshima, Dharminder Chauhan, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Here we show the antimyeloma cytotoxicity of adaphostin and carried out expression profiling of adaphostin-treated multiple myeloma (MM) cells to identify its molecular targets. Surprisingly, c-Jun was the most up-regulated gene even at the earliest point of analysis (2 h). We also observed adaphostin-induced c-Abl cleavage in immunoblot analysis. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, but not melphalan or dexamethasone, induced similar effects, indicating unique agent-dependent mechanisms. Using caspase inhibitors, as well as caspase-resistant mutants of c-Abl (TM-c-Abl and D565A-Abl), we then showed that c-Abl cleavage in MM cells requires caspase activity. Importantly, both overexpression of the c-Abl fragment or c-Jun and knockdown of c-Abl and c-Jun expression by small interfering RNA confirmed that adaphostin-induced c-Jun up-regulation triggers downstream caspase-mediated c-Abl cleavage, inhibition of MM cell growth, and induction of apoptosis. Finally, our data suggest that this mechanism may not only be restricted to MM but may also be important in a broad range of malignancies including erythroleukemia and solid tumors. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1680–8]
Abstract B19: Pentostatin facilitates fully MHC-disparate murine mini-transplantation
Authors: Paul R. Massey, Justin Taylor, Kaitlyn Ryan, Jason Foley, Jacopo Mariotti, Daniel H. Fowler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (RIC allo-HSCT) contain cytotoxic agents to create marrow space for donor cells and rely on graft-vs-leukemia effect for curative potential. Pentostatin is in the same class of chemotherapeutics as the purine analog fludarabine, which is commonly used in RIC allo-HSCT. However, pentostatin has a unique mechanism of action that targets adenosine deaminase and may allow for selective targeting of lymphocytes. We hypothesize that pentostatin can be used as an alternative to fludarabine in an MHC-disparate murine setting (stringent model). We compared the immune effects of pentostatin (1 mg/kg/d) and fludarabine (100 mg/kg/d) alone to each in combination therapy with cyclophosphamide (50 or 100 mg/kg/d). BALB/c mice were treated with a three-day regimen followed by transplantation of B6 bone marrow. Combination PC or FC were each more effective at depleting and suppressing splenic T cells than either agent alone; however, the PC regimen was synergistic in depleting host CD4+ T cells (p&amp;lt;0.01) and CD8+ T cells (p&amp;lt;0.01), and suppressing their function. Immune depletion was characterized by spleen harvest followed by flow cytometry at different times during treatment, while host immune suppression was evaluated by cytokine content in multiplex bead array (Bio-Rad). Surprisingly, recipients in both cohorts rejected the graft. We then reasoned that the rejection was mediated by host immune reconstitution. Indeed, CD4+ T cells of BALB/c mice rebounded to 22.4% (p&amp;lt;0.0001) of pre-treatment levels 10 days after conditioning with PC, and cohorts treated with FC rebounded to 58.8% (p&amp;lt;0.001) of pre-treatment levels (means of 26.7∗106 cells in HBSS, 6.0 ∗ 106 for P, 15.7∗106 for F, 1.9∗106 for XRT). We successfully developed a more immunodepletive regimen by intensification of cyclophosphamide therapy to 14 days with P or F administered every 3 days. In this model, PC demonstrated approximately a 75-fold decrease in CD4+ cells two weeks after the end of treatment (8.3 × 106 v. 0.12 × 106, p&amp;lt;0.05) and FC a 15-fold decrease (0.53 × 106, p&amp;lt;0.05) compared to controls; granulocytes were preserved in both cases (#Gr1+ cells). The 14-day regimen also allowed for engraftment in both PC and FC, with 93% of PC–treated and 57% of FC-treated cohorts achieving &amp;gt;5% donor chimerism (p&amp;lt;0.0001). In conclusion, pentostatin facilitates engraftment in stringent, fully-MHC disparate model, therefore we posit it can be used as a fludarabine alternative in a reduced-intensity human transplant setting. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B19
The three paradoxes of private medicine
Authors: Marcus J Longley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Intra-articular and soft tissue injections of corticosteroid are widely used in the treatment of patients with rheumatic disorders. Hydrocortisone acetate, which was the first to be used, was introduced over forty years ago. Several synthetic corticosteroids followed: but critical comparisons of the different corticosteroid preparations were few and inconclusive when we last reviewed them.1 In this article we consider the preparations, when they help, who should give them, their risks and the precautions necessary.
A memorable teacher: Reasons to be thankful
Authors: N. W Goodman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Subsequent managementThe management of the patient after court approval rests with the doctor responsible.The usual and recommended process is as follows.The patient may be moved to a different location.The gastrostomy (or nasogastric) tube should be removed.There is no need to start intravenous fluids, but it is reasonable to maintain intravenous access if drugs (for example, for epilepsy) are thought to be necessary.Drugs for any symptoms can be continued (for example, anticonvulsants and antacids).Arrangements must be made to provide the staff and family with emotional support.The family should be given free access to the patient.The patient is likely to die within 14 days.
Left handedness and life expectancy: Causal inferences cannot be trusted
Authors: R Peto, A Burgess, A A Beaton
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Left handedness and life expectancyCausal inferences cannot be trusted EDrrOR,-Bryan S Turner was entirely wrong to conclude, from the evidence presented, that left handed individuals have a substantially lower life expectancy than otherwise similar right handers.Almost always in epidemiology, causal inferences cannot be trusted if they depend importantly on comparisons between the "average ages at death" of people with different characteristics.This is because the prevalences of so many human charac- teristics vary strongly with age.(What should instead be compared is the death rates among people who differ only in the characteristic of interest, and not in age.)Several decades ago, left handedness used to be strongly discouraged in schools, but nowadays this is much less the case.At present, therefore, the proportion of adults who remain left handed is larger among the young than among the old.Hence, in 1994 the proportion of left handers will likewise be larger among those who die at 40 than among those who die at 80.This in turn implies that the "average age at death" for those who die in 1994 will be lower for left handers than for right handers.But, as a left handed statistician, I do not find this sinister.
PTH-105 How Ominous Is The “double-duct” Sign ?: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: T Gardner, K Padala, R Sinha, J Greenaway, D Joy
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> “Double-duct” sign on ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatogram) is considered suggestive of pancreatic or biliary malignancy. This sign is frequently encountered in radiological imaging. We wish to investigate the prognostic value of the “double-duct” sign in patients who undergo Magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP), attempting to define the associated features which would predict underlying malignant disease.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis of all the patients who underwent MRCP over a two year period; January 2011 to December 2012 was undertaken. All the radiological reports showing both a dilated common bile duct (CBD) and pancreatic duct (PD) or the “double-duct” sign were included. These were all interpreted and reported by specialist gastrointestinal radiologists. The demographics, liver biochemistry, final diagnosis and outcome for all patients with the “double-duct” sign were accessed using the radiology PACS® system, biochemical results WebICE®, hospital letters and case notes. Follow up information was available for a mean of 24months (range 12–36 months). <h3>Results</h3> 1,367 patients underwent MRCP examination over two year period. 46 patients (3.5% incidence) had “double-duct” sign (Table 1) with a mean age of 69.5 years. The ratio of male to female patients was (M:F) 12:11. The commonest cause of “double-duct” sign was choledocholithiasis (29.4%) followed by malignancy (26%). Patients with jaundice in the context of “double-duct” sign had a higher incidence of malignancy (48%). Nearly half of the patients, (21/46; 46%) with “double-duct” sign were anicteric. None of the anicteric patients were found to have malignancy. Of the anicteric patients, 29% (6/21) had completely normal liver test and the remaining 71% (15/21) had some abnormality of the liver enzymes (raised GGT and/or Alkaline phosphatase). Three patients in the anicteric group had benign tumours (2 cases of benign IPMN and 1 case of benign ampullary tumour). The benign nature was confirmed on clinical and radiological follow-up. No surgical intervention was deemed appropriate for any of these patients. All three remained anicteric over the period of follow-up (13 months; unrelated death, 18 and 36 months respectively). Our results show that “double duct” sign in the absence of jaundice makes a malignant aetiology unlikely. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with cross-sectional imaging evidence of “double-duct” sign, the absence of jaundice makes a malignant aetiology unlikely. Conversely, in jaundiced patients a malignant cause is much more likely. Figures from larger series are needed to support this conclusion. <h3>References</h3> 1 Baillie J<i>, et al. </i>Biliary imaging: a review. <i>Gastroenterology </i>2003; 125 (5):1565 2 Ahualli J. The double duct sign. <i>Radiology</i>2007;244 (1):314–5 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
A comparison of the effect of various topically active steroids on the clinical and histological features of psoriasis
Authors: P.G. GOODWIN, SUSAN HAMILTON, LIONEL FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article A comparison of the effect of various topically active steroids on the clinical and histological features of psoriasis Get access P.G. GOODWIN, P.G. GOODWIN Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London, W.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SUSAN HAMILTON, SUSAN HAMILTON Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London, W.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LIONEL FRY LIONEL FRY Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London, W.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 1, 1 July 1973, Page 61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb01918.x Published: 01 July 1973 Article history Accepted: 19 December 1972 Published: 01 July 1973
Yesterday at Abbotsford
Authors: Manuel Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal