tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epigallocatechin gallate, the main component of tea polyphenol, binds to CD4 and interferes with gp120 binding
Authors: Kazushige Kawai, Nelson H Tsuno, Joji Kitayama, Yurai Okaji, Kentaro Yazawa, Masahiro Asakage, Nobukazu Hori, Toshiaki Watanabe, Koki Takahashi, Hirokazu Nagawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Evaluating Other Diseases With Computed Tomographic Screening for Lung Cancer
Authors: Marco D. Huesch, Michael K. Ong, Jason N. Doctor
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Towards an evolutionary pluralism? The need to establish evidentiary standards and avoid reification of assumptions
Authors: Agustin Fuentes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The adaptationist and exaptationist programs overlap in their need for a pluralistic approach to understanding evolutionary change, and Andrews et al. effectively illustrate the methodological confounds of these approaches. However, the current critique of adaptationism, especially in the arena of human behavior, rests on the tendency to rapidly reify adaptationist hypotheses prior to broad evidentiary consensus across relevant disciplines.
Dermatitis in Grocery Workers Associated with High Natural Concentrations of Furanocoumarins in Celery
Authors: SETH F. BERKLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

A vesicular, peeling rash characteristic of a phytophototoxic dermatitis developed on the hands and arms of 30 of 127 grocery workers. The rash subsequently healed with residual hyperpigmentation. Produce workers had the highest attack rate, 100% (8 of 8, p less than 0.0001). Although contact with celery had the highest relative risk for disease (relative risk, 6.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.6, 19.2) and the strongest dose-response effect, an association with celery alone could not be shown because workers were also exposed to other produce. However, anecdotal evidence also suggested that celery might be involved. The disease-resistant, high-quality brand of celery carried by these stores had higher levels of furanocoumarins, potent photosensitizers and a known cause of phytophotodermatitis, than other brands (p = 0.01). A randomly selected nationwide sample of stores in this chain showed dermatitis in 13 of 17 states and 26% of produce workers surveyed. Plant breeding to produce a more disease-resistant celery stock may lead to increased levels of endogenous furanocoumarins, resulting in phytophotodermatitis in grocery workers.
BARBITAL (VERONAL) INTOXICATION
Authors: IRVING J. SANDS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Since its introduction in 1903, diethylbarbituric acid, or barbital, introduced under the proprietary name "veronal," has enjoyed the reputation of being an efficient and practically harmless hypnotic in proper dosage. Especially has it gained popularity in neuropsychiatric practice, partly because of its efficacy in inducing sleep in the various anxiety states, and partly on account of its usefulness in the management of other conditions in which there are disturbances in the emotional field. Its popularity soon reached the laity, and the latter began to use it extensively for insomnia and all other conditions to which laymen apply the term "nervousness." This promptly resulted in cases of intoxication due to excessive dosage. In order to understand the signs and symptoms of barbital intoxication, it is opportune to review the physiology of the drug, and to discuss the pathologic findings in fatal poisoning cases. Animal experimentation, clinical observation and studies of postmortem
ERBB2 Mutations Characterize a Subgroup of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancers with Excellent Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Floris H. Groenendijk, Jeroen de Jong, Elisabeth E. Fransen van de Putte, Magali Michaut, Andreas Schlicker, Dennis Peters, Arno Velds, Marja Nieuwland, Michel M. van den Heuvel, Ron M. Kerkhoven, Lodewijk F. Wessels, Annegien Broeks, Bas W.G. van Rhijn, René Bernards, Michiel S. van der Heijden
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Intrauterine transfusion in Rh-isoimmunization.
Authors: G Masera, A Marini
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MtC-.YOW& titioner palpated an epigastric mass.On admis- sion the child appeared well.He was afebrile and the pulse rate was normal.The abdomen was soft and the presence of a mass was not confirmed.Rectal examination was negative, and plain x-rays of the abdomen showed no evidence of fluid levels or dilated loops of bowel.He was therefore observed for 24 hours, after which time he complained of further abdominal pain.Examination during a spasm of pain confirmed the presence of a tender sausage-shaped mass in the epigastrium.A diagnosis of intussusception was made, and an immediate barium enema performed, which con- firmed this.The apex lay in the epigastrium.This was readily reduced by the pressure from the enema, and filling was obtained to the caecum.No barium entered the terminal ileum, and a filling defect was demonstrated in the ileocaccal region (Fig. 1).It was not possible to be certain, therefore, that reduction had been complete.
Human peripheral blood basophils primed by interleukin 3 (IL-3) produce IL-4 in response to immunoglobulin E receptor stimulation.
Authors: T Brunner, C H Heusser, C A Dahinden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

In contrast to most cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression is restricted to T lymphocytes, with the exception of mast cell lines and mast cells, as more recently demonstrated in rodents. Little is known, however, about the capacity of human nonlymphoid cells to produce IL-4. In this study we show that mature human basophils are capable of expressing IL-4 and examine the regulation of IL-4 production in comparison with the lipid mediator leukotriene C4. IL-4 was produced upon immunoglobulin E receptor (IgER) activation of basophils cultured with IL-3, a cytokine previously shown to prime these cells for enhanced release of inflammatory mediators. In some experiments, IL-3 or IgER activation alone also induced IL-4 production close to the detection limit. The effect of IL-3 on IgER-dependent IL-4 expression was dose and time dependent: maximal IL-4 production occurred between 18 and 48 h preexposure of basophils to 3-10 ng/ml IL-3. IgER-induced IL-4 synthesis and release by basophils cultured with IL-3 was rapid and complete after 6 h. In contrast to IL-3, other cytokines (IL-5, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and nerve growth factor) that also prime basophils for enhanced histamine and leukotriene C4 release did not promote IgER-induced IL-4 synthesis. Basophils appear to secrete a "TH2-like" cytokine profile since no detectable IL-2 or interferon gamma was produced upon IgER activation. Mononuclear cells (depleted of basophils), cultured in parallel, did not release IL-4 in response to IL-3 and/or IgER activation, and produced approximately ten times less IL-4 than basophils upon nonspecific activation by phorbol ester and calcium ionophore. Thus, human basophils are an important cellular source of IL-4, and may, therefore, in addition to their inflammatory effector functions, also regulate the differentiation of T helper cells and B cells, in particular in allergic diseases.
Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors influenced by the sera of injured patients prone to severe sepsis
Authors: Anke Mueller, Ernst Kreuzfelder, Baerbel Nyadu, Monika Lindemann, Vera Rebmannn, Matthias Majetschak, Udo Obertacke, Ulrich F. Schade, Dieter Nast-Kolb, Hans Grosse-Wilde
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
Diabetes Mellitus and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: C. R. Pengelly
Journal: BMJ (1965)

this country to procure an abortion before quickening had taken place.It is this permissive legislation which Glanville Williams and many others advocate.Until recently many medical men were opposed to abortionlaw reform because they were convinced that the operation was dangerous and that there were considerable psychological sequelae.It was also surmised that legal abortion increased the number of criminal abortions.So many papers from abroad have been published refuting these beliefs with hard, cold facts that opponents of reform are now obliged to resort to other arguments.Nobody in possession of the facts thinks of abortion as a " cure " or as the ideal solution to marital or population problems.Abortion is simply the lesser of two evils in so many cases, and a legal abortion is infinitely preferable to the criminal variety.-I am, etc.,
Disease-specific Reference Equations for Lung Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Michal Kulich, Margaret Rosenfeld, Jonathan Campbell, Richard Kronmal, Ron L. Gibson, Christopher H. Goss, Bonnie Ramsey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), an important measure of pulmonary disease severity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), is frequently expressed as a percentage of a predicted value derived from a healthy reference population. There are limitations to comparing the lung function of a patient with CF to that of healthy control subjects, and potential advantages to comparing it to that of other patients with CF.Objective: To estimate CF-specific percentiles of FEV1 as functions of height, age, and sex.Methods: We used 287,108 FEV1 observations among more than 21,000 patients with CF in the CF Foundation National Patient Registry between 1994 and 2001. The percentiles were estimated using quantile regression methods.Results: FEV1 percentile “growth grids” are presented, allowing comparison of an individual's FEV1 to that of patients with CF of the same sex, age, and height. Their potential uses in clinical practice and research are illustrated.Conclusions: CF-specific reference equations allow individual patients' FEV1 to be placed in the context of the distribution of lung function of their peers with CF, and should improve generalizability of CF clinical trials by setting entry criteria that are equitable across sex and age ranges. They may serve as a useful adjunct to conventional reference equations.
INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION AND QUANTITATION OF TRITIATED ANTIGENS IN RETICULOENDOTHELIAL TISSUES OF MICE DURING SECONDARY AND HYPERIMMUNE RESPONSES
Authors: Audrey N. Roberts, Felix Haurowitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Autoradiography and quantitative radiochemical techniques have been used to determine intracellular localization of tritium and the quantity of tissue-bound tritium, respectively, following injections of H(3)-aniline azo PGG or H(3)-arsanilazo PGG to yield hyperimmune or secondary response stimulation in mice. Autoradiography revealed intracytoplasmic localization of grains in macrophages of spleen and lung sections, and in Kupffer cells of liver sections following intravenous and subcutaneous injections of H(3)-aniline azo PGG. Quantitation of tissue section surface radioactivities in the windowless flow counter and scintillation counter, and of dissolved tissue section activities in the scintillation counter, showed that greatest radioactivity was present in lung tissue, with less in spleen, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes from these hyperimmunized mice. Autoradiographic studies on tissue sections from mice in secondary response stimulation after subcutaneous foot-pad injections of H(3)-arsanilazo PGG, showed intracellular and extracellular grains over regional popliteal node sections, with intracytoplasmic grain localization over macrophages and pyroninophilic plasmacytes. Scattered macrophages in spleen and lung sections also contained intracytoplasmic radioactivity. Clusters of antibody-synthesizing cells in the regional lymph nodes were demonstrated with fluorescence microscopy, and these cells were compared to similar cells possessing radioactivity as observed in the section autoradiographs. An occasional Russell body plasma cell containing specific antibody was observed in splenic impressions. Windowless flow counting showed that greatest radioactivity was in regional node sections, with less in spleen and lung, and none in contralateral lymph nodes. A quantitative comparison between windowless flow counting and autoradiography revealed that 20 counts were required to yield one silver grain.
Allopurinol and Iron
Authors: Frank J. Ascione
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Mundy et al (229:1744, 1974) referred to the theoretical risk with hepatic iron overload in patients receiving allopurinol and iron preparations concurrently. Since the manufacturer of allopurinol clearly states in his literature that these two drugs should not be administered simultaneously, I think it may be useful to the practitioner to examine the potential therapeutic significance of this reported drug interaction. Green and Mazur<sup>1</sup>hypothesized that xanthine oxidase may play an essential role in the release of iron from its storage form ferritin (hemosiderin). Several animal studies<sup>1-3</sup>and the report of a patient with decreased hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and hemosiderosis<sup>4</sup>made it reasonable to anticipate altered iron metabolism with the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. Theoretically, the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, by decreasing the activity of xanthine oxidase, could thereby increase hepatic iron storage.<sup>3-5</sup> However, other animal studies<sup>5-7</sup>have not mentioned
THE LYSIS IN RABBITS OF INTRAVASCULAR BLOOD CLOTS BY THE STREPTOCOCCAL FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM (STREPTOKINASE)
Authors: Alan J. Johnson, William S. Tillett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

1. Based upon quantitative estimations of the factors that promote or retard the development and activity of the streptococcal fibrinolytic phenomenon, an active lytic system was developed within the circulating blood stream of rabbits following the intravenous infusion of streptokinase. During the infusion of adequate doses of SK, an active lytic system was observed to be present within 30 minutes following the beginning of the experiment and remained present for periods of time ranging from 1 to 20 hours depending primarily upon the concentration of SK and the duration of the infusion. Some of the biochemical changes accompanying the lytic system in vivo were: (a) a striking fall in the plasminogen; (b) a moderate fall in the serum inhibitor and the fibrinogen; and, (c) a rise in the acid-soluble nitrogen. These changes were usually self-terminating within 24 hours following the infusion of SK. In earlier studies similar trends were observed in the chest fluid of patients with hemothorax and empyema treated locally with streptokinase (22). 2. Intravascular clots, induced artificially by local applications of sodium morrhuate within the ear vein of the rabbits, were observed to liquefy and disappear in 23 of 25 rabbits during the intravenous infusion of SK into the opposite ear. The average quantity of SK necessary to effect an active lytic system was found to be about 40,000 units per kilo per hour. The clot in the ear vein was observed to be lysed completely in periods of time ranging from 3 to 7 hours after the infusion of SK was begun. Maintenance of an active lytic system for 3 to 4 additional hours was required to prevent re-formation of the clots at the original site. In 3 of 4 rabbits in which clots did reform, ACTH had been given to combat the toxic effects of the streptococcal concentrates. 3. The toxicity of the unusually large dose of the streptococcal concentrates, containing measured amounts of SK, along with other identifiable and unknown substances, was considerable, inasmuch as 8 animals eventually died. No evidence of pulmonary infarction was observed at autopsy. The administration of ACTH appeared to prevent a fatal outcome in at least 3 of the rabbits. Further studies of toxicity are in progress.
An Hfe-dependent pathway mediates hyposideremia in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mice
Authors: Cindy N Roy, Ángel O Custodio, Jos de Graaf, Susanne Schneider, Imo Akpan, Lynne K Montross, Mayka Sanchez, Alessandro Gaudino, Matthias W Hentze, Nancy C Andrews, Martina U Muckenthaler
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
In-column electrocoagulation for lymphatic malformation of the tongue
Authors: A. Vilalta, G.A. Moreno-Arias, J.M. Mascaro
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, A 17‐year‐old Caucasian male was referred to our clinic because of a congenital lymphatic malformation on the middle third of the tongue. The lesion had slowly grown since childhood. Two years previously the patient underwent partial surgical excision; however, the lesion recurred 6 months later. One year after recurrence, the patient underwent CO2 laser treatment, with partial reduction in lesion size. Finally, 2 years later, when the patient consulted our clinic the lesion showed an important hypertrophy associated with bleeding and discomfort at swallowing (Fig. 1). The histopathological examination showed large dilated vascular spaces with scarce erythrocytes, and proteinaceous material as well as dilated venules, findings corresponding to a lymphatic malformation. Our challenge was to find a conservative, efficient treatment with low morbidity that could lead to better results than those obtained with other surgical techniques. The size of the lesion dissuaded us from using surgical excision that would result in partial mutilation of the tongue. In addition, the patient rejected both excisional surgery and CO2 laser, which had already failed. Pulsed dye laser was not recommended due to its limited penetration (1·2 mm). Other treatments such as selective embolization, cryotherapy and transfixation were judged of limited use in this case. Microembolization does not achieve complete elimination of the lymphatic component of lymphatic malformation, while cryotherapy and transfixation might be difficult to accomplish in this anatomical region.
Hypothesis for the Initiation of Vasomotion
Authors: Hongli Peng, Vladimir Matchkov, Anders Ivarsen, Christian Aalkjær, Holger Nilsson
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Vasomotion is the regular variation in tone of arteries. In our study, we suggest a model for the initiation of vasomotion. We suggest that intermittent release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR, cytosolic oscillator), which is initially unsynchronized between the vascular smooth muscle cells, becomes synchronized to initiate vasomotion. The synchronization is achieved by an ion current over the cell membrane, which is activated by the oscillating Ca(2+) release. This current results in an oscillating membrane potential, which synchronizes the SR in the vessel wall and starts vasomotion. Therefore, the pacemaker of the vascular wall can be envisaged as a diffuse array of individual cytosolic oscillators that become entrained by a reciprocal interaction with the cell membrane. The model is supported by experimental data. Confocal [Ca(2+)](i) imaging and isometric force development in isolated rat resistance arteries showed that low norepinephrine concentrations induced SR-dependent unsynchronized waves of Ca(2+) in the vascular smooth muscle. In the presence of the endothelium, the waves converted to global synchronized oscillations of [Ca(2+)](i) after some time, and vasomotion appeared. Synchronization was also seen in the absence of endothelium if 8-bromo-cGMP was added to the bath. Using the patch-clamp technique and microelectrodes, we showed that Ca(2+) release can activate an inward current in isolated smooth muscle cells from the arteries and cause depolarization. These electrophysiological effects of Ca(2+) release were cGMP dependent, which is consistent with the possibility that they are important for the cGMP-dependent synchronization. Further support for the model is the observation that a short-lasting current pulse can initiate vasomotion in an unsynchronized artery as expected from the model.
Sleep Patterns Scrutinized as Depression Therapy
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

EARLY TO BED, early to rise, may be the new prescription for depression. Twenty-two years ago, quite by chance, psychiatrists discovered that a night without sleep sometimes cured depression. Since then, more than 1000 patients have been subjected to total sleep deprivation; 70% of those with bipolar depression and 60% of those with unipolar depression respond to the treatment (<i>Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry</i>1983;7:351-364). While the effect is immediate (unlike that of antidepressant drugs), it is also short-lived. Relapse typically occurs following a night of recovery sleep. But evidence is accumulating to suggest that partial sleep deprivation—if it occurs at the right time of the night— can exert an effective and lasting benefit to depressed persons (<i>Arch Gen Psychiatry</i>1980;37:267-271). This may open the way for a simple and far more tolerable therapy, even in those patients who do not respond to drugs, and narrow the search for the mechanisms
Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Earnest C. Atkins, Martin M. Cummings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE treatment of spinal block occurring in tuberculous meningitis has been unsatisfactory. Recently, however, Smith1 2 3 has reported successful results in such cases with the intrathecal administration of P. P. D. (Purified Protein Derivative). Two patients who were moribund and had failed to respond to streptomycin were treated with intrathecal administration of P. P. D. In both cases recovery ensued. This appeared to be complete after a year. A third case, in which the full decerebrate state had developed, was treated with intrathecal P. P. D., with temporary improvement. After a year's illness, the patient died, and at autopsy the exudate . . .