tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Value of the Problem-Oriented Record
Authors: Richard N. Podell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I recently had the opportunity to subject the "problem-oriented medical record" to an unusual test. Despite its obvious limitations, the force of the results compel me to add my experience to the debate over the Weed system.<sup>1,2</sup> I recently did an audit of the office charts of 53 middle-aged patients with high blood pressure. All were the regular patients of one experienced and conscientious family physician. The physician had adopted the Weed system 2 1/2 years previously. The average duration of treatment was five years. Approximately half of the office visits were before the adoption of the Weed system and half after. The audit was conducted for other purposes. However, the advantage of the Weed system as used by this physician was so great as to make formal statistical testing trivial in the extreme. Before the use of the Weed system, I could usually tell what
Alcoholism and Liver Disease
Authors: DWIGHT K. OXLEY
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The two outstanding articles by Ryback and colleagues (1982;248:2261 and 1982;248:2342) should be read and understood by all physicians who practice clinical pathology and all clinicians who order laboratory tests for diagnostic purposes. In the daily practice of clinical pathology, one often sees that the discriminating power of laboratory measurements is attenuated (or even eliminated) by (1) a myopic preoccupation with the "normal<i>v</i>abnormal" dichotomy, and (2) considering test results one at a time rather than as individual elements in a pattern. It is far more logical and productive to approach test results as an exercise in pattern analysis, much as one looks at a tissue biopsy or a roentgenogram. Of course, it is necessary to analyze reports for certain discrete elements, but, too often, physicians devote all their attention to the trees and none to the forest. Other authors have made similar suggestions, but they
Weighing In on Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Bruce M. Wolfe, John M. Morton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CCR6 Mediates Dendritic Cell Localization, Lymphocyte Homeostasis, and Immune Responses in Mucosal Tissue
Authors: Donald N Cook, Dina M Prosser, Reinhold Forster, Jiwen Zhang, Nelly A Kuklin, Susan J Abbondanzo, Xiao-Da Niu, Shu-Cheng Chen, Denise J Manfra, Maria T Wiekowski, Lee M Sullivan, Sidney R Smith, Harry B Greenberg, Satwant K Narula, Martin Lipp, Sergio A Lira
Journal: Immunity (2000)
THE RELATION OF THE SPLEEN TO BLOOD DESTRUCTION AND REGENERATION AND TO HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE
Authors: Richard M. Pearce, J. Harold Austin, O. H. Perry Pepper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

The anemia which develops after splenectomy is most marked in animals on a mixed table scrap diet of meat, bread, cereals, and vegetables, which is essentially a cooked diet. Control studies in which a unilateral nephrectomy precedes splenectomy demonstrate that the anemia is not due to operation, hemorrhage, or accidents of convalescence but develops only in the absence of the spleen. The results of studies of the influence of food containing a large amount of iron in presumably easily utilizable form, as in raw beef spleen, do not support the view that the anemia is due to lack of iron in the food. Observation on the influence of a diet of raw meat as contrasted with cooked meat shows a more severe anemia in animals on the cooked diet and suggests the possibility that heat alters some substance which, in the absence of the spleen, the body cannot utilize. A final conclusion in regard to this point must, however, await the results of more detailed studies now in progress.
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate vs Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Cystitis in Women
Authors: Thomas M. Hooton, Delia Scholes, Kalpana Gupta, Ann E. Stapleton, Pacita L. Roberts, Walter E. Stamm
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The high prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other antimicrobials among Escherichia coli causing acute cystitis in women has led to increased use of alternative antibiotics. One such antibiotic, amoxicillin-clavulanate, has not been well studied.To compare the efficacy of a 3-day regimen of amoxicillin-clavulanate to that of a 3-day regimen of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute cystitis in women. The primary study hypothesis was that the amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin treatment groups would differ in clinical cure.Randomized, single-blind treatment trial of 370 women, aged 18 to 45 years, with symptoms of acute uncomplicated cystitis and a urine culture with at least 10(2) colony-forming units of uropathogens per milliliter from a university student health center or a health maintenance organization.Women were randomly assigned to receive amoxicillin-clavulanate (500 mg/125 mg twice daily) or ciprofloxacin (250 mg twice daily) for 3 days and were followed up for 4 months.The main outcome measure was clinical cure. Secondary study outcomes of interest were microbiological cure and vaginal E coli colonization at the 2-week follow-up visit.Clinical cure was observed in 93 (58%) of 160 women treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate compared with 124 (77%) of 162 women treated with ciprofloxacin (P<.001). Amoxicillin-clavulanate was not as effective as ciprofloxacin even among women infected with strains susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate (65 [60%] of 109 women in the amoxicillin-clavulanate group vs 114 [77%] of 149 women in the ciprofloxacin group; P = .004). The difference in clinical cure rates occurred almost entirely within the first 2 weeks after therapy. Microbiological cure at 2 weeks was observed in 118 (76%) of 156 women treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate compared with 153 (95%) of 161 women treated with ciprofloxacin (P<.001). At this visit, 45% of women in the amoxicillin-clavulanate group compared with 10% in the ciprofloxacin group had vaginal colonization with E coli (P<.001).A 3-day regimen of amoxicillin-clavulanate is not as effective as ciprofloxacin for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, even in women infected with susceptible strains. This difference may be due to the inferior ability of amoxicillin-clavulanate to eradicate vaginal E coli, facilitating early reinfection.
Clinical conference: Rupture of right ventricle complicating closed chest cardiac massage.
Authors: J J Baldwin, J E Edwards
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Two cases of rupture of the right ventricle following closed chest cardiac massage are presented. This is believed to result from trapping of blood in the right ventricle at levels of systemic arterial pressure. In one case there was massive pulmonary embolism which interfered with egress of blood from the right ventricle. In the other case, application of pressure during a closed chest resuscitative attempt might have closed the right ventricular outflow tract.
Health secretary announces end to GP catchment areas
Authors: S. Cook
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A plan to do away with the boundaries of general practices in England over the next 12 months and to allow patients to choose where they register was announced on 17 September by the health secretary, Andy Burnham.

Speaking at the King’s Fund, Mr Burnham said, “Too often people’s choice of GP practice is unnecessarily limited by practice boundaries. So, with the profession, I want to open up real choice in primary care.”

Burnham’s speech outlined his plans for reform of the NHS over the next decade and …
NF-κB2 (p100) limits TNF-α–induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Sakae Tanaka, Hiroyasu Nakano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Bone undergoes a continuous cycle of renewal, and osteoclasts--the cells responsible for bone resorption--play a pivotal role in bone homeostasis. This resorption is largely mediated by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha. In this issue of the JCI, Yao et al. demonstrate that the NF-kappaB precursor protein NF-kappaB2 (p100) acts as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis (see the related article beginning on page 3024). TNF-alpha induced a sustained accumulation of p100 in osteoclast precursors, and TNF-alpha-induced osteoclast formation was markedly increased in Nfkb2-/- mice. They also found that TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is involved in the posttranslational regulation of p100 expression. These results suggest that blockade of the processing of p100 is a novel strategy to treat TNF-alpha-related bone diseases such as RA.
Amoebic Abscess of Left Buttock
Authors: T. C. Morton, S. F. Soutar
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEICT J0URNALdischarged on March 28 in reasonable health though still with cardiac enlargement and hypertension.The serum antibodies to the PR8 strain of influenza virus A and the Lee strain of virus B were estimated in samples collected on admission (Jan.25) and on Feb. 15 by the agglutination-inhibition test (Hirst).The results showed that the antibody level a*gainst influenza virus A had increased 64 times during the progress of the patient's illness, whereas that against influenza virus B had remained unchanged.
Abstract 2707: Impact of accuracy in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase methylation assays for temozolomide efficacy on glioblastoma
Authors: Motoo Nagane, Keiichi Kobayashi, Saki Shimizu, Yoshiaki Shiokawa, Andreas Waha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is implicated in resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). MGMT status has been shown to correlate with survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). We evaluated the relationship between promoter methylation status and protein expression of the MGMT gene in patients with GBM treated with TMZ, and also analyzed their prognostic value regarding response to TMZ and survival. Methods: We analyzed 47 GBM tissues from 43 patients treated with TMZ from September 2003 to January 2009. Among them, 22 patients with recurrent GBM treated with standard TMZ single therapy were subjected to survival analyses. TMZ was given daily orally 75mg/m2 during radiotherapy, or as standard 5/28-day regimen. MGMT protein expression was quantified by Western blotting, and promoter methylation status was determined by both methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and quantitative pyrosequencing. Results: MGMT promoter methylation was detected in 19/47 cases (40.4%) by MSP, 16/47 (34%) by pyrosequencing, and was significantly correlated with each other (p&amp;lt;0.001). The methylation status correlated significantly with MGMT protein expression as well. Upon TMZ treatment for recurrent GBM, patients with both methylated MGMT promoter by MSP and low MGMT protein expression had a significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), whereas methylation status by pyrosequencing data did not. MGMT status was the only significant prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Conclusions: The three MGMT assays revealed similar methylation/expression patterns and were suggested to be important prognostic factors for patients treated with TMZ. Whether precise quantification of the methylation status provides any clinically relevant information on the treatment strategy for GBM needs to be further investigated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2707.
Syndromes of the Head and Neck
Authors: Daniel M. Laskin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Most reference books are traditionally noted for the extensive amount of information which they contain and the difficulty with which they are read. In this book, Drs. Gorlin and Pindborg break with the latter tradition by their skillful and interesting presentation of a most complex subject. On the other hand, the former characteristic is maintained. Over 150 syndromes are comprehensively discussed, each in a separate chapter. Commendably, the authors have generally attempted to use as chapter headings descriptive names rather than eponyms. Each chapter begins with a general analysis of the syndrome. Then there follow sections describing the systemic manifestations, the differential diagnosis, and the diagnostic laboratory tests which may be available. For the various syndromes excellent clinical pictures and radiographs illustrate most of the outstanding features. The chapters are all documented with extensive references from both the American and foreign literature. The appendix contains several useful tables devoted to
INTRA-UTERINE AMPUTATION.
Authors: M. H. FUSSELL
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The following notes and accompanying specimens are due entirely to Dr. Thomas W. Brockbank of Philadelphia. I was called May 13, 1895, to attend Mrs. D., aged 36, healthy Pennsylvania German, mother of nine children, eight of which are living and healthy. Mrs. D. first menstruated at 15 years of age, has always been regular, and was married at 16. Her husband is also of Pennsylvania German type and healthy. I found her in labor at the end of the seventh month of gestation; external palpation showed nothing abnormal; bimanual examination showed genital organs and pelvis normal; cervix three-fourths dilated; position L. O. A. with vertex presentation; membranes had already ruptured and the waters escaped. Dilatation was soon complete and under good uterine contraction the head advanced rapidly. The extension and rotation were normal and complete, body rotating one-half circumference. The head and shoulders having been expelled from the vagina
Genetic and environmental factors associated with variation of human xenobiotic glucuronidation and sulfation.
Authors: B Burchell, M W Coughtrie
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Glucuronidation and sulfation are phase 2 metabolic reactions catalyzed by large families of different isoenzymes in man. The textbook view that glucuronidation and sulfation lead to the production of harmless conjugates for simple excretion is not valid. Biologically active and toxic sulfates and glucuronides are produced and leed to adverse drug reactions, including immune hypersensitivity. Considerable variation in xenobiotic conjugation is observed as a result of altered expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and sulfotransferases (STs). Recent cloning and expression of human cDNA encoding UGTs and STs has facilitated characterization of isoform substrate specificity, which has been further validated using specific antibodies and human tissue fractions. The availability of cloned/expressed human enzymes and specific antibodies has enabled the investigation of xenobiotic induction and metabolic disruption leeding to adverse responses. Genetic polymorphisms of glucuronidation and sulfation are known to exist although the characterization and assessment of the importance of these variations are hampered by appropriate ethical studies in men with suitable safe model compounds. Genetic analysis has allowed molecular identification of defects in well-known hyperbilirubinemias. However, full characterization of the specific functional roles of human UGTs and STs requires rigorous kinetic and molecular analyses of the role of each enzyme in vivo through the use of specific antibodies and inhibitors. This will leed to the better prediction of variation of xenobiotic glucuronidation and sulfation in man.
Wilms Tumors Arising at Young Age: A Genetic Basis to Distinguish Subgroups for Individualized Therapy
Authors: Brigitte Royer-Pokora, Norbert Graf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We read with interest the report by Perlman et al 1 that WT1 mutations and 11p15 loss of heterozygosity predict a relapse risk in children with very low-risk Wilms tumors (VLRWTs) treated with surgery alone.VLRWT is defined as a stage I Wilms tumor (WT) occurring in patients younger than 24 months of age and having a tumor volume less than 550 g.3][4] Our study included only patients with constitutional mutations in WT1 and confirmed Knudson's two-hit hypothesis, which states that patients with constitutional mutations have a younger age of onset and more often develop bilateral tumors. 5n our long-term follow-up of 19 patients from International Society of Pediatric Oncology Study 9/German Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP9/GPOH) with WT1 mutations, we have observed
Bacterial DNA Fragments in Otitis Media With Effusion-Reply
Authors: Garth D. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Cantekin's correspondence addressing the significance of our finding amplifiable DNA in "culturally sterile" pediatric chronic MEEs is the latest in a long line of his dissenting opinions on the topic of antibiotic effectiveness for the medical treatment of otitis media.<sup>1</sup>He has incorrectly inferred that we would use the data in our article to recommend increased antibiotic usage. He has chosen to ignore the animal data we referenced<sup>2</sup>that demonstrate that the bacterial DNA found in MEEs following antibiotic treatment is most likely associated with viable pathogens and not representative of DNA fragments fossilized in the secretory "glue." The fact that pathogenic bacteria are persisting in a viable, but unculturable, state following antimicrobial therapy would suggest that this treatment modality is not necessarily always effective. Furthermore, we would argue that the persistence of an MEE following therapy might be used as an indicator that other
Effects of the controlled-released TGF-β1 from chitosan microspheres on chondrocytes cultured in a collagen/chitosan/glycosaminoglycan scaffold
Authors: Jong Eun Lee, Ko Eun Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Hyun Jeong Ahn, Sang-Hoon Lee, Hyunchul Cho, Hee Joong Kim, Sang Chul Seong, Myung Chul Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
607. Novel Adeno-Associated Viruses as Vaccine Carriers for HIV-1: Evaluation in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Roberto Calcedo, Yan Zhi, Joanita M. Figueredo, Judith I. Franco, Julie C. Johnston, Rebecca L. Grant, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been widely studied as a vector for gene therapy applications. Many of the features that make AAV an attractive vector for gene therapy, such as non-pathogenicity, wide tropism and the ability to infect non-proliferating cells, low vector immunogenicity, also make it a potential candidate as a vector for vaccine development. Three groups of Cynomolgus macaque (n=5/group) were intramuscularly (im) immunized with AAV2, AAV2/7 or AAV2/8 mixture, expressing HIV-1W61Dgp140 (Env), Gag-Nef (GN2) and HIV-1 RT (RT3) at a dose of 1E+12 GC per vector per animal. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at baseline, and weeks 2, 4, 8, 14, 16, 20 and 24 after immunization. T cell mediated immune response was assessed over time by IFNγ ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and B cell mediated immune response by Gag specific antibodies (abs) detection. The AAV2/7 and AAV2/8 groups displayed a diverse T cell response towards Gag, RT, Nef but not Env. Unlike the AAV27 and AAV2/8 groups, AAV2 group displayed a strong response only towards Env and negligible response towards Gag, RT and Nef. One animal from the AAV2/8 group mounted a strong response towards Nef. ICS data suggest that this response was CD8+ T cell mediated. The T cell responses were remarkably stable during the duration of this experiment which currently is 24 weeks. All 15 animals showed a B cell response to Gag-p24 at 12 weeks post immunization. However, antibody titers to Gag-p24 were markedly higher in the AAV2/8 and AAV2/7 groups as compared to the AAV2 group. Gag-p24 abs were detected as early as week 4 in all 5 animals from the AAV2/8 gp, in 2 out of 5 animals from AAV2/7 and in none from AAV2/2 group. The levels of Gag-p24 antibody responses achieved with AAV2/8 and AAV2/7 were much higher than what we have seen in macaques with the best available adenovirus vector. In conclusion, a single intramuscular injection of AAV2/7 or AAV2/8 induced a diverse and stable T cell response and a quick and robust humoral response in cynomolgus macaques. The animals will be receiving a heterologous vector administration in order to boost both T and B cell responses towards these HIV-1 antigens. In addition, phenotypic and/or functional characterization of the T cells generated will be performed to evaluate the use of AAV vectors as a potential vaccine.
343 RESTORATION OF THE RELIABILITY OF LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT (FIBROSCAN®) IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B EXPERIENCING ACUTE EXACERBATION
Authors: H. Park, S.U. Kim, S.H. Ahn, D.Y. Kim, K.-H. Han, C.Y. Chon, J.Y. Park
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)