tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What keeps hepatocytes on the straight and narrow? Maintaining differentiated function in the liver
Authors: C SELDEN, M KHALIL, H J F HODGSON
Journal: Gut (1999)

The liver in general and hepatocytes in particular maintain an awesome array of function—synthesis, catabolism, intermediary metabolism, and detoxification. Recent work has enlarged our knowledge of the factors that permit this range of function to be expressed, and in particular the complex inter-relations of cellular and non-cellular elements in the liver that contribute to this. The functions expressed by the liver obviously vary over time. For example, growth and regeneration are associated with a functional repertoire that differs from that of mature adult liver, as in most tissues proliferation is associated with reduced expression of normal differentiated function and expression, generally short-lived, of cell cycle and other replication associated genes.1 Disease alters function, although there is some support for the “intact hepatocyte” hypothesis suggesting that in chronic disease the surviving hepatocytes continue to express a relatively normal functional array.2In acute disease, however, there are many changes in function such as the upregulation of acute phase protein production as well as the initiation of replication to regenerate liver mass.

Understanding the conditions necessary for a normal hepatocyte to express its full functional repertoire is important as science strives to recreate normality in a diseased liver. That understanding is also fundamental to attempts to establish fully functional cultures of liver cells, whether for experimental studies or with the aim of creating a bio-artificial liver. This article highlights three main areas relevant to maintaining expression of normal differentiated hepatic function: the multiplicity of cell types present, the relation between cells and non-cellular elements, particularly extracellular matrix (ECM), and intracellular events that modulate specific gene expression.

Hepatocytes comprise the main metabolically active cells of the liver, the majority of hepatic mass, and about 80% of the cell number. The hepatocyte cords are separated from the portal blood by the sinusoidal lining …
Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers
Authors: ROBERT P. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

By 31 October 1978 there had been four confirmed instances where the Legionnaires' disease bacterium had been isolated from water samples taken from cooling towers or evaporative condensers located near the site of an epidemic of Legionnaires' disease. These devices are widely used to reject unwanted heat into the atmosphere and vary greatly in size and configuration. However, the operation of all towers and condensers depends on intimate contact between the circulating water and ambient air. Airborne contaminants in the vicinity of these devices are likely to be absorbed to some degree by the circulating water. The airstream leaving a cooling tower is saturated with water vapor and may also contain a relatively minute portion of the circulating water in the form of fine droplets known as drift. It is common practice to bleed a small portion of the circulating water, including all contaminants, from the tower into a storm sewer, sanitary sewer, or even a nearby body of water.
In vitro IL-8 production by epithelial cells from nasal mucosa and polyp tissue: Modulation by IL-1B, TNF-a, and dexamethason
Authors: P.W. Hellings, E. Verbeke, M. Jorissen, C.M. van Drunen, J.L. Ceuppens, W.J. Fokkens
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
The Clinical Approach to the Patient
Authors: Alister Brass
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<b>Physical Diagnosis: The History and Examination of the Patient</b>, by John A. Prior and Jack S. Silberstein, 436 pp, 454 illus, $10.50, St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co., 1969. The art of examination must be acquired by hard experience. No words can conjure up the sensation of vocal fremitus, or the feeling of a tumor deep in the abdomen. All the same, a student about to enter clinical medicine needs expert guidance. The clinical world is an abnormal one, and initiation is necessary. In it, the student must relate to many people whom it would be his predisposition to avoid, and must take physical liberties far beyond the bounds of ordinary social contact. At the same time he is forced to preserve an emotional detachment which would prove fatal to any regular relationship. Morgan and Engel have prepared their initiation manual carefully, profiting by their experience in running introductory clinical
<i>E2F1</i> Expression Is Deregulated and Plays an Oncogenic Role in Sporadic Burkitt's Lymphoma
Authors: Irene Molina-Privado, María Rodríguez-Martínez, Patricia Rebollo, Daniel Martín-Pérez, María-Jesús Artiga, Javier Menárguez, Erik K. Flemington, Miguel A. Piris, Miguel R. Campanero
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Current treatments of sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma (sBL) are associated with severe toxicities. A better understanding of sBL formation would facilitate development of less toxic therapies. The etiology of sBL remains, however, largely unknown, C-MYC up-regulation being the only lesion known to occur in all sBL cases. Several studies examining the role of C-MYC in the pathogenesis of BL have concluded that C-MYC translocation is not the only critical event and that additional unidentified factors are expected to be involved in the formation of this tumor. We herein report that a gene distinct from C-MYC, E2F1, is involved in the formation of all or most sBL tumors. We found that E2F1 is highly expressed in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and sBL lymphoma specimens. Our data indicate that its elevated expression is not merely the consequence of the presence of more cycling cells in this tumor relative to other cell lines or to other neoplasias. In fact, we show that reduction of its expression in sBL cells inhibits tumor formation and decreases their proliferation rate. We also provide data suggesting that E2F1 collaborates with C-MYC in sBL formation. E2F1 expression down-regulation did not affect, however, the proliferation of human primary diploid fibroblasts. Because E2F1 is not needed for cell proliferation of normal cells, our results reveal E2F1 as a promising therapeutic target for sBL. [Cancer Res 2009;69(9):4052–8]
Ileo-Iliac, Arterial-Enteric Fistula
Authors: Harold F. Hamit
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  We would like to report an unusual case of rectal bleeding from rupture of an aneurysm of the iliac artery into the ileum, ie, an ileo-iliac, arterial-enteric fistula. Our review of the literature discloses that gastrointestinal bleeding from these kinds of sources usually occurs in the duodenum, 1 but occasionally in the jejunum or the ileum, 2 and usually results from the rupture of aneurysms or from complications of reconstructive arterial operations. 3   Report of a Case.—  Four hours before admission, a 53-year-old man passed a large, dark, bloody stool. On his way to the hospital, he noted pain in the right thigh and weakness in the right leg. Shortly after arriving in the emergency room, he suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest from which he was successfully resuscitated. The anxious patient's abdomen was soft and nontender, with no masses. The rectum contained grossly bloody stool. Right femoral, popliteal,
The steroidogenic enzyme Cyp11a1 is essential for development of peanut-induced intestinal anaphylaxis
Authors: Meiqin Wang, Julita Ramirez, Junyan Han, Yi Jia, Joanne Domenico, Max A. Seibold, James R. Hagman, Erwin W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Appropriate Use of Non–English-Language Skills in Clinical Care
Authors: Marsha Regenstein, Ellie Andres, Matthew K. Wynia
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract S5-04: Primary results of ROSE/TRIO-12, a randomized placebo controlled phase III trial evaluating the addition of ramucirumab to first-line docetaxel chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: JR Mackey, M Ramos-Vazquez, O Lipatov, N McCarthy, D Kraznozhon, V Semiglazov, A Manikhas, K Gelmon, G Konecny, M Webster, R Hegg, S Verma, V Gorbounova, D Abi Gerges, F Thireau, H Fung, L Simms, M Buyse, A Ibrahim, M Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: To date, anti-angiogenic strategies in metastatic breast cancer have demonstrated benefits confined to modest improvements in progression-free survival, warranting evaluation of new agents in a placebo-controlled setting. Ramucirumab, an anti-VEGF receptor 2 antibody, is a human IgG1 antibody that specifically binds VEGF receptor 2 and blocks ligand stimulated activation. Early phase studies suggested anticancer effects in several solid tumors, and a phase III study demonstrated survival improvements in gastric cancer. The ROSE trial was designed to evaluate ramucirumab in the setting of HER2 negative, unresectable locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Methods: In this placebo-controlled randomized multinational phase III trial, patients with HER2 negative breast cancer who had not received cytotoxic chemotherapy in the advanced setting were randomized 1:2 to receive docetaxel 75 mg/m2 + placebo IV every three weeks, or to the same chemotherapy + ramucirumab 10 mg/kg IV every three weeks. Treatment was continued with each agent until investigator determined progressive disease using RECIST criteria, or until unacceptable toxicity. Patients were stratified by previous taxane therapy, visceral metastasis, hormone receptor status, and geographical region. An independent data monitoring committee oversaw the trial conduct, the efficacy database resides with TRIO, and this analysis was conducted by the TRIO statistical team in collaboration with Eli Lilly and Co. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed PFS. The sample size was calculated to provide for this event-driven final PFS analysis and interim OS analysis, and a final OS analysis (to be conducted when at least 792 OS events are observed). ROSE also includes evaluation of potential predictive biomarkers. Results: Between Aug 2008 and Dec 2011, 1144 patients were randomized. At data cut-off (March 31, 2013), median follow-up was 16.2 months. Safety, final PFS and interim OS results will be presented. Anticipated data availability is early November 2013. Aggregated Patient CharacteristicsAge(years) 24 - 82Prior Taxane Therapy(%)No74 (%)Yes26Visceral Metastasis(%)No29 Yes71Hormonal Receptor(%)Negative/Unknown24 Positive76Geographic Region(%)Americas24 Asia/Middle East/Africa12 Europe/Australia/New Zealand64 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S5-04.
Should patients with renal failure associated with myeloma be dialysed?
Authors: R A Coward, N P Mallick, I W Delamore
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In a study of renal function in multiple myeloma seven patients presented with renal failure and three developed it 16-106 months after diagnosis. All were dialysed. Infection with dehydration was a precipitating factor in all seven cases of acute or acute on chronic renal failure. Of these, two patients recovered normal renal function and one other was left with permanent renal impairment but no longer required dialysis. Results from the seven patients with acute renal failure and for the three with more chronic features support the practice of dialysis for all patients who present with renal failure. Dialysis is not indicated for those patients with progressive myelomatous disease. The study showed no evidence that chemotherapy permitted recovery from established renal failure. The prognosis in this elderly group is heavily dependent on the presence of cardiovascular or other degenerative disease.
Extrahepatic replication of HCV: Insights into clinical manifestations and biological consequences
Authors: Jason T. Blackard, Nyingi Kemmer, Kenneth E. Sherman
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

An estimated 170 million persons are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. While hepatocytes are the major site of infection, a broad clinical spectrum of extrahepatic complications and diseases are associated with chronic HCV infection, highlighting the involvement of HCV in a variety of non-hepatic pathogenic processes. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that HCV can replicate efficiently in extrahepatic tissues and cell types, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nonetheless, laboratory confirmation of HCV replication in extrahepatic sites is fraught with technical challenges, and in vitro systems to investigate extrahepatic replication of HCV are severely limited. Thus, future studies of extrahepatic replication should combine innovative in vitro assays with a prospective cohort design to maximize our understanding of this important phenomenon to the pathogenesis and treatment response rates of HCV.
ACUTE TUBERCULOUS BRONCHOPNEUMONIA WITH PNEUMOTHORAX, SECONDARY TO TUBERCULOSIS OF THE PERI BRONCHIAL LYMPH NODES
Authors: A. Malloch
Journal: BMJ (1917)

Chronic mild D.A.H. 15 32 4,892,000 87 0.89 -Severe D.A.H.Tlhe average of the fifteen patients sLffering from D.A.H.was 5,837,000, whichl is quite in excess of anything previously observed in healtljy individuals, and is the more remarkable in view of tlhe fact that these men were invalids, wlho had for the greater part spent a considerable time in hospital before the estimation was made.The average ag,e of these patients was 28 years.One-third-of these patients had a count of over 6,000,000,.and more than one half (53 per cent.) had a count of 5,900,00 or over.
Tumor necrosis factor α −238G&gt;A genotype alters postprandial plasma levels of free fatty acids in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bénédicte Fontaine-Bisson, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Jean-Louis Chiasson, Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret, Pierre Maheux, Robert G. Josse, Lawrence A. Leiter, N. Wilson Rodger, Edmond A. Ryan, Ahmed El-Sohemy
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
GlaxoSmithKline to set up comprehensive online clinical trials register
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has set up the first comprehensive register of pharmaceutical trials in the industry, two weeks after settling for $2.5m (£1.41m; €2.07m) a US lawsuit that accused the London based company of burying unfavourable results.

The lawsuit, launched by New York State's attorney general Eliot Spitzer, accused GSK of “repeated and persistent fraud,” alleging that the company suppressed data from at least four trials of the antidepressant paroxetine (marketed as Seroxat in Britain and as Paxil in the United States) (12 June, p 1395). The trials, which studied the drugs in adolescents, either showed no benefit over placebo or a slight …
Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects.
Authors: K S Polonsky, B D Given, E Van Cauter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The pattern of endogenous insulin secretion over a 24-h period, which included three mixed meals, was evaluated in 14 normal volunteers and 15 obese subjects. Insulin secretory rates were calculated from plasma C-peptide levels using individually derived C-peptide kinetic parameters and a validated open two-compartment model of peripheral C-peptide kinetics. Insulin secretion rates were consistently elevated in the obese subjects under basal conditions (11.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.5 nmol/h) and in the 4 h after breakfast (139 +/- 15 vs. 63 +/- 5 nmol/4 h, P less than 0.001), lunch (152 +/- 16 vs. 67 +/- 5 nmol/4 h, P less than 0.001), and dinner (145 +/- 18 vs. 65 +/- 6 nmol/4 h, P less than 0.001). In the normal subjects, basal insulin secretion represented 50 +/- 2.1% of total 24-h insulin production, insulin secretion returned to baseline between meals, and equal quantities of insulin were secreted in the 4 h after breakfast, lunch, and dinner, despite the fact that subjects consumed half the number of calories at breakfast compared to lunch and dinner. Overall glucose responses were also similar after the three meals. In contrast, the pattern of insulin secretion in obese subjects was largely normal, albeit set at a higher level. However, the insulin secretion rate after meals did not return to baseline, and the secretion rate immediately before lunch (350.5 +/- 81.9 pmol/min) and dinner (373.6 +/- 64.8 pmol/min) was considerably higher than the secretion rate immediately before breakfast (175.5 +/- 18.5 pmol/min). In these overweight subjects, the glucose response after lunch was lower than after dinner. Analysis of individual 24-h insulin secretory profiles in the normal subjects revealed that insulin secretion was pulsatile. On average 11.1 +/- 0.5 pulses were produced in each 24-h period. The most prevalent temporal distribution of postmeal secretory pulses was two pulses after breakfast and three pulses after both lunch and dinner. Insulin secretion was also pulsatile during the period without meal stimuli: 3.9 +/- 0.3 pulses occurred during the period of overnight sampling and in the 3-h period before ingestion of the breakfast meal. In the obese subjects, the number and timing of secretory pulses was similar to those of normal volunteers, although the amplitude of the pulses was significantly greater. In both groups of subjects, greater than 80% of insulin pulses were concomitant with a pulse in glucose concentration in the postmeal period. The concomitancy rate was significantly lower in the interval without the meal stimuli, averaging 47% in both groups. Thus in obesity, although hypersecretion of insulin can be documented, the temporal pattern of secretion i s largely unaltered, which suggests that the functioning beta cell mass is enhance, but normal regulatory mechanisms influencing secretion are still operative.
ACUTE PROCEDURAL SUCCESS OF POPLITEAL AND INFRAPOPLITEAL CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION RECANALIZATION USING THE VIANCE CROSSING CATHETER: A MULTICENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Salil Sethi, Atif Mohammad, Samir Germanwala, S. Hinan Ahmed, Rahul Thomas, Omar Hadidi, Karan Sarode, Carolina Ortiz-Lopez, Anna Sanchez, Robert N. Bertoldo, Subhash Banerjee, Anand Prasad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Excessive mortality in Central African Republic is out of control, warns charity
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Central African Republic is in the grip of a chronic medical emergency with some of the world’s worst crude mortality rates, says the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres.

Recent studies have shown mortality rates in some areas of the country to be three times the World Health Organization’s emergency threshold of one death per 10 000 people per day. The charity maintains that such rates “constitute a humanitarian crisis, and indicate that the situation is out of control.”

The country has the second lowest life expectancy in the world, at 48 years (just above …
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Genetic Polymorphisms, Activity Levels, and Lung Cancer Risk in Chinese in Hong Kong
Authors: James C. Ho, Judith C.W. Mak, S.P. Ho, Mary S.M. Ip, Kenneth W. Tsang, W.K. Lam, Moira Chan-Yeung
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
ILEOSIGMOIDOSTOMY WITH OBLITERATION OF THE ILEOCECAL COMMUNICATION, FOR THE TREATMENT OF ULCERS OF THE COLON.
Authors: R. C. COFFEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

For many centuries past chronic dyspepsia, obstinate constipation, cramps and colics and peritonitis have been valuable cloaks by which medical men have been able to hide their ignorance of pathologic conditions within the abdomen. Asepsis and the rapid development of abdominal surgery have enabled us to study living pathology in recent years. This has taught us to place peritonitis in a class with dropsy, in that it is a result of some other real disease, directly connected with the digestive, eliminative or reproductive organs in the abdominal cavity. Patients treated ten or fifteenyears ago for abdominal cramps and colics of recurrent type are now known to have had, in the great majority of cases, either appendicitis or gall-bladder disease, neither of which is curable by medical treatment. More recent years have brought to light the fact that a large percentage of the persistent incurable gastric disturbances or dyspepsias are due
Effectiveness of Long-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Sven Rabung
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The place of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) within psychiatry is controversial. Convincing outcome research for LTPP has been lacking.To examine the effects of LTPP, especially in complex mental disorders, ie, patients with personality disorders, chronic mental disorders, multiple mental disorders, and complex depressive and anxiety disorders (ie, associated with chronic course and/or multiple mental disorders), by performing a meta-analysis.Studies of LTPP published between January 1, 1960, and May 31, 2008, were identified by a computerized search using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Current Contents, supplemented by contact with experts in the field.Only studies that used individual psychodynamic psychotherapy lasting for at least a year, or 50 sessions; had a prospective design; and reported reliable outcome measures were included. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were considered. Twenty-three studies involving a total of 1053 patients were included (11 RCTs and 12 observational studies).Information on study characteristics and treatment outcome was extracted by 2 independent raters. Effect sizes were calculated for overall effectiveness, target problems, general psychiatric symptoms, personality functioning, and social functioning. To examine the stability of outcome, effect sizes were calculated separately for end-of-therapy and follow-up assessment.According to comparative analyses of controlled trials, LTPP showed significantly higher outcomes in overall effectiveness, target problems, and personality functioning than shorter forms of psychotherapy. With regard to overall effectiveness, a between-group effect size of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-3.4) indicated that after treatment with LTPP patients with complex mental disorders on average were better off than 96% of the patients in the comparison groups (P = .002). According to subgroup analyses, LTPP yielded significant, large, and stable within-group effect sizes across various and particularly complex mental disorders (range, 0.78-1.98).There is evidence that LTPP is an effective treatment for complex mental disorders. Further research should address the outcome of LTPP in specific mental disorders and should include cost-effectiveness analyses.
The vasopeptidase inhibitor, omapatrilat, increases survival, improves cardiac function, and attenuates ventricular remodeling after coronary artery ligation in insulin resistant zucker fatty rats
Authors: Nathalie Lapointe, Quang Trinh Nguyen, Francois Marcotte, Fayez Dawood, Peter Liu, Albert Adam, Jean-Lucien Rouleau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)