tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A FEW OBSERVATIONS ON THE ACTION OF SALVARSAN UPON THE IRRITABILITY OF NERVE AND MUSCLE
Authors: Don R. Joseph
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

These experiments have shown that salvarsan is a comparatively inactive drug when applied directly to nerve and muscle tissue of the frog. In perfusion experiments with alkaline solutions, no detrimental action whatever was to be seen either upon direct or indirect irritability. In bathing .experiments, in which the concentration of the salvarsan in the various solutions was surely much higher than that in which it reaches the peripheral tissues in the human subject through the circulation, the loss of irritability occurred only after a long period of exposure to the drug.
TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION FROM FOOD.
Authors: CHARLES E. WINSLOW
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Preventive medicine to-day, like a gigantic signal light, sends its piercing rays into all the world, guiding medical men upward to a plain above their forefathers which gives advantages unknown before. Old theories have developed into facts, prophecies of the past are now being fulfilled, and hygiene has been clothed in new garments of interest. There is more earnest thought along this line than ever before. We have the benefit of the most advanced laboratory investigations, giving us an understanding of the causes of disease hitherto unknown. With this growing enlightenment comes a greater responsibility and a more urgent need of earnest labor in preventive medicine. Science, as she turns the pages of this new book of knowledge, calls for pure food, pure drink, pure air and better protection from disease and death. Man seems prone to disease, and of all the ills he is heir to, the most appalling
GPs' services improve on last year
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

against the use of docetaxel.At the time the appraisal committee found that there was "too much uncertainty about the evidence to make a clear judgment on its clinical and cost effectiveness compared with current practice in England and Wales" (bmj.com, 6 May 2006, News Extra).NICE asked for more information on the clinical and cost effectiveness of docetaxel in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide when compared with currently used regimens, including a combination of 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and epirubicin.The committee concluded that the evidence supported that the docetaxel regimen was clinically and cost effective in comparison with standard practice.
Clinical Pediatric Nephrology
Authors: Shane Roy
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The first section outlines a problem-oriented approach for evaluating children with renal diseases as they might present in a general pediatric practice. Hypertension, azotemia, hematuria, proteinuria, short stature, and polyuria are discussed, from the viewpoint of history and physical examination and laboratory data, emphasizing the differential diagnostic points of specific disease entities. This section will be most valuable to house officers and general pediatricians. The tables, figures, and line diagrams are informative and complete. The chapter on abnormalities of plasma composition is exceptionally well outlined and complete. A companion chapter on the treatment of these abnormalities would have been welcomed. The middle section discusses the management of the more common pediatric nephrological problems. The chapters reviewing the management of renal failure are particularly informative and comprehensive. The pathophysiology of renal insufficiency and therapy based on these concepts are clearly discussed. This is a timely subject, especially for general pediatricians, since
Monocyte attachment to activated human vascular endothelium in vitro is mediated by leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (L-selectin) under nonstatic conditions.
Authors: O Spertini, F W Luscinskas, M A Gimbrone, T F Tedder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The receptors that mediate monocyte adhesion to cytokine-stimulated endothelial monolayers were assessed using a nonstatic (rotating) cell-attachment assay. In this system, leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LAM-1) (L-selectin) mediated a major portion (87 +/- 15% at 37 degrees C) of monocyte attachment to activated endothelium. mAb blocking of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (41% inhibition), CD18 (36%), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (25%) function had lesser effects on attachment. These results suggest that LAM-1 may serve an important role in monocyte attachment to endothelium at sites of inflammation.
Toxic Megacolon Detected by Tc-99m HMPAO Mixed Leukocyte Scan
Authors: ENRIQUE PRATS, JAVIER BANZO, JUAN NERIN, EMILIO FREILE, JUSTO LOPEZ ZABORRAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Toxic megacolon, a life-threatening complication of inflammatory bowel disease, is generally suspected on the basis of available clinical and analytical data. Barium enema and colonoscopy are contraindicated, and, although it can be diagnosed in most instances by x-ray of the abdomen, the plain film does not reveal the real extent of the disease. A Tc-99m HMPAO labeled leukocyte scan can be a useful diagnostic procedure in the assessment of the true extent of toxic megacolon.
Suicide is leading cause of death in young Indian women, finds international study
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<i>Abstract</i>. The pathogenesis of the epidemic form of hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by endothelial cell damage. In this study, the role of apoptosis in verocytotoxin (VT)-mediated endothelial cell death in human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (GMVEC), human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and foreskin microvascular endothelial cells (FMVEC) was investigated. VT induced apoptosis in GMVEC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells when the cells were prestimulated with the inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). FMVEC displayed strong binding of VT and high susceptibility to VT under basal conditions, which made them suitable for the study of VT-induced apoptosis without TNF-α interference. On the basis of functional (flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy using FITC-conjugated annexin V and propidium iodide), morphologic (transmission electron microscopy), and molecular (agarose gel electrophoresis of cellular DNA fragments) criteria, it was documented that VT induced programmed cell death in microvascular endothelial cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, whereas partial inhibition of protein synthesis by VT was associated with a considerable number of apoptotic cells, comparable inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide was not. This suggests that additional pathways, independent of protein synthesis inhibition, may be involved in VT-mediated apoptosis in microvascular endothelial cells. Specific inhibition of caspases by Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-CHO, but not by Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-CHO, was accompanied by inhibition of VT-induced apoptosis in FMVEC and TNF-α-treated GMVEC. These data indicate that VT can induce apoptosis in human microvascular endothelial cells.
Metabolic Aspects of a Protein-Sparing Modified Fast in the Dietary Management of Prader-Willi Obesity
Authors: Bruce R. Bistrian, George L. Blackburn, John B. Stanbury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Four adolescents or young adults with the Prader-Willi syndrome (hypotonia, mental retardation, hypogonadism and obesity) received a protein-sparing modified fast consisting of 1.5 g of meat protein per kilogram of ideal body weight and meeting vitamin, mineral and fluid requirements. Evaluation of nitrogen and energy metabolism revealed the development of starvation ketosis and a positive nitrogen balance. Serial whole-body potassium measurements in two patients confirmed preservation of lean tissue despite continuing loss of weight. Clinical diabetes mellitus in two subjects was rapidly ameliorated by the regimen. Short-term weight loss greater than 18 kg occurred in three of the four subjects, and reduced weight persisted during observation periods of 26 to 44 months. This degree of outpatient diet adherence by mentally deficient subjects, who do not normally experience satiety, suggests that hunger is eliminated or at least reduced by modified, protein-sparing fasting.
Abstract 1788: Preclinical development of a selective, potent small molecule ALK inhibitor
Authors: Christine M. Lovly, Elisa de Stanchina, Chris Liang, William Pao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A chromosomal inversion [inv (2)(p21p23)] resulting in the expression of an oncogenic kinase fusion protein known as EML4-ALK [echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4- anaplastic lymphoma kinase] has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of lung adenocarcinomas. An agent (PF-02341066), originally described as a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) but with “off-target” ALK activity, has demonstrated significant activity in ALK-fusion positive lung cancer patients and is currently in phase II/III clinical trials. In this study, we describe the development and characterization of a novel and highly selective ALK TKI. X-276 (racemic mixture) is an orally bioavailable ATP mimetic that has high selectivity for ALK as assessed by Ambit assays (binding constant 2nM). Treatment of H3122 lung adenocarcinoma cells, which harbor the EML4-ALK E13;A20 fusion product, resulted in potent inhibition of cell growth with an IC50 of 10nM, approximately 10 fold less than the IC50 of H3122 cells treated with a racemic mixture of PF-02341066. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that X-276 inhibited ALK phosphorylation in H3122 cells. Importantly, the IC50 of X-276 in H1993 lung cancer cells, known to be MET-dependent, was &amp;gt;100 fold higher. In addition, the selectivity index of H3122 cells vs. hepatocyte HepG2 cells was &amp;gt;135. Finally, compared to vehicle controls, X-276 delayed the growth of H3122 xenografts in established nude mice by &amp;gt;60%. Collectively, these data show that TKIs can be developed with greater specificity against ALK. Such compounds may lead to the development of ‘second-generation’ ALK TKIs with more potency against ALK-mutant cancers. Future studies will focus on determining the mechanism of acquired resistance to ALK TKIs using these more potent ALK inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1788.
PULMONARY STREPTOTHRICOSIS.A REPORT OF TWO CASES AND A REVIEW OF THOSE HITHERTO REPORTED FROM A CLINICAL STANDPOINT.
Authors: THOMAS G. ASHTON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It is not our intention in the present paper to discuss the morphology or the classification of the streptothrix. This subject has been very ably considered in the papers of Norris and Larkin,<sup>1</sup>Flexner,<sup>2</sup>Warthin and Olney<sup>3</sup>and others. It may be said, however, that no definite conclusions have been reached. The consensus of opinion seems to be that there are several distinct varieties of steptothrix, and that the various cases reported as instances of streptothricosis have been due to different varieties of this micro-organism. From a study of the thus far reported cases of pulmonary streptothricosis it seems that the majority of the cases present the clinical picture of pulmonary tuberculosis. Bronchiectasis is frequently encountered, and hemorrhage is quite a common symptom. The majority of cases ended fatally, often as the result of metastasis to different parts of the body, the central nervous system being frequently
Impact of multivessel disease on recovery of left ventricular function after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Jan-Henk E. Dambrink, Rene J. van der Schaaf, Jan C. Hoorntje, Stoffer Reiffers, Arnoud W. van 't Hof, Harry Suryapranata, Menko-Jan de Boer, Felix Ziljstra, Isala Klinieken
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Folate requirement in pregnancy.
Authors: M. L. Willoughby
Journal: BMJ (1968)

economic strata and are often residents of rural areas.Diet lacks high-class proteins and consists mostly of cereals and a small quantity of pulses.Very low levels of total serum proteins and albumin are noted in hospitalized patients.The presumptive evidence of pro- tein malnutrition and deprivation is strong, unlike the cryptogenic types in Britain.Less than a quarter of patients give a his- tory of jaundice.Presuming that all jaundice in the past is due to infectious hepatitis, the actual percentage may be much less, as pallor of anaemia due to ankylostomiasis is often wrongly described as icterus by these patients, as they are not good witnesses of their past events.Further, infectious hepatitis is more common in cities, but cirrhotics are mostly drawn from villages.It is therefore likely that viral hepatitis may be of even lesser importance in causation of cirrhosis in India than in England.A majority of patients, 55 to 75%, show a post-necrotic pattern of hepatic tissue.-Iam, etc.,
A monoclonal anti-DC1 antibody selectivity inhibits the generation of effector T cells mediating specific cytolytic activity.
Authors: G Corte, A Moretta, M E Cosulich, D Ramarli, A Bargellesi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The products of the DC locus have been shown to be structurally different from those of the DR locus. In this paper it is shown that, unlike anti-DR antibodies, a monoclonal antibody directed against DC1 does not affect proliferation of T cells in response to alloantigens or soluble antigens or production of Ig in a pokeweed mitogen-stimulated in vitro culture. However, the anti-DC1 inhibits the generation of effector T cells mediating specific cytolytic activity, whereas no inhibitory effect can be observed on natural killer and antibody-dependent cytotoxic cell activities.
Obesity and Serious Infections
Authors: Dimitrios Farmakiotis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters17 December 2013Obesity and Serious InfectionsDimitrios Farmakiotis, MDDimitrios Farmakiotis, MDFrom Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent In the Clinic, Tsai and Wadden (1) include increased susceptibility to influenza, as well as skin and soft tissue infections, in their comprehensive list of obesity-associated health consequences. I would like to highlight some additional issues of potential clinical significance about the well-described but often underrecognized association between obesity and infection (2).In several studies, obesity has been identified as an important risk factor for higher incidence of and worse outcomes from surgical wound, respiratory, periodontal, and urinary tract infections (2–4). Those associations are definitely influenced by comorbid conditions and management pitfalls that occur ...References1. Tsai AG and Wadden TA. In the clinic: obesity. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:ITC3-1-ITC3-15 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Falagas ME and Kompoti M. Obesity and infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:438-46. [PMID: 16790384] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Kwong JC, Campitelli MA, and Rosella LC. Obesity and respiratory hospitalizations during influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada: a cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:413-21. [PMID: 21844024] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Almond MH, Edwards MR, Barclay WS, and Johnston SL. Obesity and susceptibility to severe outcomes following respiratory viral infection. Thorax. 2013;68:684-6. [PMID: 23436045] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Bishara J, Farah R, Mograbi J, Khalaila W, Abu-Elheja O, Mahamid M, et al. Obesity as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57:489-93. [PMID: 23645850] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Dimitrios Farmakiotis, MDAffiliations: From Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.Disclosures: None disclosed. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L13-1075. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoObesity Adam Gilden Tsai , Thomas A. Wadden Obesity and Serious Infections Adam Gilden Tsai and Thomas A. Wadden Metrics 17 December 2013Volume 159, Issue 12Page: 859KeywordsAntibacterialsAntibioticsBody weightC difficile colitisClostridium difficileCohort studiesCytokinesHospitalizationsImmune systemMedical risk factorsMicrobiomeMorbid obesityObesityOverweightPhagocytosisSoft tissue infectionsT cellsUrinary tract infections ePublished: 17 December 2013 Issue Published: 17 December 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Experimental Prophylaxis of Severe Hemophilia With a Factor VIII Concentrate
Authors: Edward Shanbrom
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A patient with severe hemophilia A was given long-term prophylactic treatment with an aminoacetic acid-precipitated preparation of human factor VIII (antihemophilic factor [AHF]). Dosage was based on units of AHF per kilogram of body weight required to maintain AHF levels between 80% and 100% of normal. Weekly intravenous infusions produced predictable AHF levels. Response to the concentrate was prompt. Hemostasis was achieved following two episodes of severe, spontaneous, intracerebral and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Despite extensive bruising of the patient's entire body after an automobile accident, no hematomas developed. The preparation was well tolerated with no changes in pulse rate or blood pressure. Neither hyperfibrinogenemia nor hypervolemia occurred. With the evidence provided by this case, and the availability of AHF concentrates for simple office or outpatient treatment, prophylaxis of severe hemophilia now appears feasible.
KCNJ11 E23K Affects Diabetes Risk and Is Associated With the Disposition Index
Authors: Antje Fischer, Eva Fisher, Matthias Möhlig, Matthias Schulze, Kurt Hoffmann, Martin O. Weickert, Rita Schueler, Martin Osterhoff, Andreas F.H. Pfeiffer, Heiner Boeing, Joachim Spranger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Various cross-sectional studies suggest that a polymorphism (E23K) within the ATP-sensitive K+ channel KCNJ11 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes (1). However, only two prospective studies have addressed the relation between KCNJ11 E23K and type 2 diabetes, and these studies were intervention trials based on individuals with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance (2–4). With respect to functional effects, recent studies have been inconsistent regarding demonstration of a relation of the polymorphism with markers of insulin secretion (3,5,6), although in vitro studies clearly suggested a defect in insulin secretion (7–9). One study proposed a relation to glucagon response, while insulin secretion itself was not affected (10). However, the relation between polymorphism and insulin secretion might have been masked in some of those studies by differences of insulin sensitivity, and detailed analysis might thus require consideration of insulin sensitivity of the study participants, such as that given in the disposition index (11).

We investigated the effect of KCNJ11 E23K on diabetes risk within a prospective case-cohort study ( n = 2,945) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort. We additionally tested the association with diabetes in a second independent cross-sectional study, the Metabolic Syndrome Berlin Potsdam (MeSyBePo) cohort, from the same geographical region ( n = 1,891). Within this second study, the association between polymorphism and disposition index was additionally investigated.

We designed a case-cohort study within the EPIC-Potsdam study, a prospective cohort involving 27,548 Caucasian volunteers, mainly aged 35–65 years, from the general population (12–14). A total of 2,263 individuals were randomly selected for a subcohort. Because the …
Mechanisms of Disease: An Introduction to Pathology
Authors: August P. Hovnanian
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In reading the<i>Mechanisms of Disease: An Introduction to Pathology</i>by Ruy Pérez-Tamayo, it is obvious that single author texts can still be written and be useful. On studying this book, one is impressed by the clarity of thought and the vividness of the flowing language. From beginning to end, it is a brilliant exposition on the basic introductory aspects of cellular pathology, coupled with a coherent view of disease entities as they constitute a disturbance in homeostasis. Every chapter ends with a well selected, comprehensive reference list, sometimes enumerating more than 450 articles on the subject. This aspect of the text is in itself a boon of immeasurable value to the inquisitive reader. The publishers must be congratulated for the excellence and the presentableness of this text. The photomicrographs and the photographs are reproduced well on glossy paper and the double column printing of the text adds ease and
The Physician's Records
Authors: Bertram T. Uren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

BECAUSE the medical profession is a combination of professional services and business procedures a certain amount of bookwork is necessary. If it is done in an orderly fashion and not put off it will, within a short time, be accepted as a normal part of the routine that maintains the practice on an efficient level for the benefit of the doctor and the patient as well.Appointment BookIf patients are to be seen by appointment, this book should be used. Although at the beginning of a practice appointments may be few it is not advisable to use the day . . .
The potassium iodide patch test in dermatitis herpetiformis in relation to treatment with a gluten-free diet and dapsone
Authors: G. P. HAFFENDEN, W. K. BLENKINSOPP, N. P. RING, FENELLA WOJNAROWSKA, LIONEL FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

The potassium iodide patch test was studied in twenty-six patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Histological assessment was found more sensitive than clinical. All of five patients with active disease and not on treatment had a positive test, whereas only two of six patients taking a gluten-free diet (GFD) and one of eight taking dapsone were positive. In another two patients taking a GFD, but in whom the diet had not been strict, the test was positive. All three patients in remission and both patients with the linear pattern of IgA (but with active disease) were negative. Immunofluorescence studies showed no difference in the presence, quantity, or distribution of immunoglobulin, complement or fibrinogen between the patch test site and uninvolved skin, or in the uninvolved skin between patients with and without active lesions.