tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Endovascular Irradiation on Platelet Recruitment at Sites of Balloon Angioplasty in Pig Coronary Arteries
Authors: Mahomed Y. Salame, Stefan Verheye, Stephen P. Mulkey, Nicolas A. F. Chronos, Spencer B. King, Ian R. Crocker, Keith A. Robinson
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Endovascular irradiation (EI) inhibits balloon-induced neointima formation in animals and is now in clinical trials for restenosis prevention. However, little is known of the effect of EI on vessel thrombogenicity due to delayed arterial healing. We investigated EI effects on platelet recruitment in pig coronary arteries. Methods and Results —EI was performed using 90 Sr/Y at 0 Gray (Gy), 15Gy, or 30Gy at 2 mm after balloon overstretch injury. At 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month, platelet recruitment and thrombus formation were assessed using autologous 111 In-oxine-platelet labeling and light and scanning electron microscopy. In balloon-injured nonirradiated vessels, there was complete reendothelialization at 1 month, and platelet recruitment was similar to normal uninjured arteries. In irradiated vessels, scanning electron microscopy showed incomplete reendothelialization at 1 month, and these areas demonstrated attachment of activated platelets. Light microscopy of irradiated coronaries showed adherent partially organized thrombi and incomplete resolution of intramural hemorrhages. There was a significant increase in platelet recruitment at 1 month in arteries receiving EI at 15Gy (5.1±2.8×10 6 , P =0.02) or 30Gy (12.5±9.9×10 6 , P =0.005) compared with nonirradiated controls (2.7±1.5×10 6 ); 30Gy was also higher than 15Gy ( P =0.05). Platelet recruitment was also increased for 30Gy compared with control at 1 day. Conclusions —Endovascular irradiation at 15Gy or 30Gy after balloon angioplasty results in incomplete endothelial recovery, impaired resolution of intramural hemorrhage, and a dose-dependent increase in platelet recruitment at 1 month.
Pure Alpha-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: E. Chester Ridgway, Anne Klibanski, Paul W. Ladenson, David Clemmons, Inese Z. Beitins, Janet W. McArthur, Mary Anne Martorana, Nicholas T. Zervas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Isolated hypersecretion of the alpha subunit of the glycoprotein hormones occurred in two men with previously diagnosed "nonfunctioning chromophobe adenomas." The alpha hypersecretion was unresponsive to hypothalamic releasing hormone, thyroid hormone, and sex-steroid hormones. After trans-sphenoidal surgery and conventional pituitary irradiation, alpha secretion was decreased. Increased quantities of immunologically active and biologically inactive luteinizing hormone (LH) material were detected in serum and in tumor homogenate. Immunologic and gel-chromatographic studies determined that only the alpha subunit was present and that it was cross-reacting in the LH immunoassay. These studies suggest that the alpha subunit may be a useful marker of pituitary tumors, particularly in patients without clinical evidence of hormonal hypersecretion. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:1254–9.)
An axeman writes
Authors: I. Loudon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The reception at the opening of the BMJ 's exhibition last week of photographs of 20th century British doctors was a delightful, unpompous, and amusing occasion. I got a great deal of fun out of wandering round and trying to imagine what I would have guessed their occupation to be, if I had not known they were doctors.



Douglas Black



Stephen Lock , wind blown and weather beaten on the coast at Aldeburgh, suggested the captain of a trawler who had just made a bumper catch, and Julian Tudor Hart a happy, easy going, member of the crew, without a political thought in his head. In a modern version of Durer's “Melancolia” Douglas Black (famous for his …
We Need More Geriatricians
Authors: Noel D. List
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Geriatrics must be designated as primary care. We need trained primary care specialists delivering effective, cost-efficient care to the rapidly expanding elderly population, which uses a disproportionate share of health care dollars. Trained geriatricians, who spend more time with the complex problems of patients and families, appear to reduce health care costs by managing the interdisciplinary system more efficiently.<sup>1</sup>Because of this, geriatricians are in demand by managed health care groups at excellent salaries. That does not diminish our responsibility to train more general internists and family practitioners in geriatrics because geriatrics comprises more than half of most primary care practice. Unfortunately, education in geriatrics has low priority. Few medical schools and medicine residency training programs have sufficient geriatric content or requirements.<sup>2</sup>It has been reported that the American Board of Internal Medicine looked with favor on the recent recommendations by an Institute of Medicine
Does Low Bone Mineral Density Cause a Broken Heart? ∗
Authors: Kenneth W. Lyles, Cathleen S. Colon-Emeric
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

Osteoporosis, with its attendant fractures, is one of the most common and heart-breaking conditions in our aging society. In the United States, 2 million osteoporotic fractures occur each year, of which some 600,000 are in men [(1)][1]. These skeletal events cause significant pain, disability, and
Foreword of the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

We wish a happy and successful new year to all our friends and to all endoscopists throughout the world who read and subscribe to Endoscopy. As readers may have noticed, the layout of the title page changed in the middle of 2001 - the tenth year in which the same editorial team has been running the journal. In addition, the present issue is the first in which a new layout is being used for the entire issue. Our hope is that this will give the journal a more up-to-date appearance.
Stroke strategy in England is improving acute care, shows audit
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The risk of dying within 10 years of having a stroke has fallen since the introduction of a national stroke strategy in England in 2007, says a national review published this week. But it warns that improvements have not been universal and developments in follow-up care have not matched those achieved in acute care.

The 10 year national stroke strategy was developed in response to concerns raised by the National Audit Office in its 2005 report, which warned that stroke had a low priority in the NHS and that medical and technological developments that could improve patient outcomes were not being implemented. The strategy introduced strong national leadership and performance indicators for stroke care, supported by central funding of £59m (€67m; $95m) over the first two years.

An audit of progress made over the past four years shows that the chances of a patient dying within 10 years of having a stroke have …
A man with intra-abdominal calcification
Authors: A. Shaw, B. Smith, C. Inglis, D. Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 66 year old man presented to the accident and emergency department with a history of longstanding upper abdominal pain. The pain was of acute onset, located in the right upper quadrant, did not radiate, was associated with nausea and bloating, and had started after a meal of fried food. He had no history of foreign travel. Apart from hypertension, he had no relevant medical history.

On examination he was not jaundiced and his abdomen was soft with tenderness in the right upper quadrant. Murphy’s sign was positive. Plain abdominal radiography was performed (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Plain abdominal radiograph





### 1 What are the radiological findings and what is the likely diagnosis?

#### Short answer

The abdominal radiograph shows a soft tissue density in the right upper quadrant with thin curvilinear calcification outlining the wall. The diagnosis is a porcelain gallbladder.

#### Long answer

Porcelain …
Differential Gene Expression Profile Associated to Apoptosis Induced by Dexamethasone in CLL Cells According to IGHV/ZAP-70 Status
Authors: Maria Joao Baptista, Ana Muntañola, Eva Calpe, Pau Abrisqueta, Olga Salamero, Eva Fernández, Carles Codony, Eva Giné, Susana G. Kalko, Marta Crespo, Francesc Bosch
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Glucocorticoids are part of the therapeutic armamentarium of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) where it has been suggested that cells with unmutated IGHV genes exhibit higher sensitivity. The mechanisms by which glucocorticoids are active in CLL are not well elucidated. We aimed to ascertain the activity of dexamethasone in CLL cells according to prognosis and to identify the molecular mechanisms that are influencing the response to this drug.Sensitivity to dexamethasone was analyzed ex vivo in 50 CLL and compared according to IGHV mutational status and/or ZAP-70 expression. The response was further compared by gene expression profiling (GEP) of selected cases. Expression of genes of interest was validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.Response to dexamethasone was higher in cases with unmutated IGHV/high ZAP-70 expression, and the levels of induction of the pro-apoptotic Bim protein correlated with the degree of cell death. GEP analysis showed few genes differentially expressed after dexamethasone treatment between mutated and unmutated cases. However, functional annotation analysis showed that unmutated cases had significant enrichment in terms related to apoptosis. Specific analysis of genes of interest conducted in a large series disclosed that in unmutated IGHV cells, FKBP5 expression was higher at baseline and after dexamethasone exposure and that GILZ was more induced by dexamethasone treatment in these cases.Unmutated IGHV/high ZAP-70 CLL cells exhibit better response to dexamethasone treatment, which is accompanied by a differential expression of genes involved in the glucocorticoid receptor pathway and by an increased induction of genes related to apoptosis.
Hospital Infection, Causes and Prevention
Authors: W. R. Culbertson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This 386-page book, compiling a massive amount of data, includes methods and techniques, advice and admonitions. They represent the long experience and careful observations of a foremost authority in the field of infections. The approach is from the direction of the hospital and its duty in protecting the uninfected patient from infection by the hospital environment. The book, well organized, gives introductory factual information about the epidemiology of hospital infection and the types of infection encountered in temperate zones of the world. Much of these data result from original work of the authors and the remainder has been gleaned from a carefully selected, though comprehensive, bibliography. The second half of the volume describes in a condensed, but fully informative, fashion the best currently available methods and techniques for controlling hospital infections, emphasizing particularly the prevention of spread. The methods of handling materials and equipment used in the operating suite and
No effect of bipolar interferential electrotherapy and pulsed ultrasound for soft tissue shoulder disorders: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: G. J M G van der Heijden, P. Leffers, P. J M C Wolters, J. J D Verheijden, H. van Mameren, J. P Houben, L. M Bouter, P. G Knipschild
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

To assess the efficacy of bipolar interferential electrotherapy (ET) and pulsed ultrasound (US) as adjuvants to exercise therapy for soft tissue shoulder disorders (SD).Randomised placebo controlled trial with a two by two factorial design plus an additional control group in 17 primary care physiotherapy practices in the south of the Netherlands. Patients with shoulder pain and/or restricted shoulder mobility, because of a soft tissue impairment without underlying specific or generalised condition, were enrolled if they had not recovered after six sessions of exercise therapy in two weeks. They were randomised to receive (1) active ET plus active US; (2) active ET plus dummy US; (3) dummy ET plus active US; (4) dummy ET plus dummy US; or (5) no adjuvants. Additionally, they received a maximum of 12 sessions of exercise therapy in six weeks. Measurements at baseline, 6 weeks and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later were blinded for treatment.recovery, functional status, chief complaint, pain, clinical status, and range of motion.After written informed consent 180 patients were randomised: both the active treatments were given to 73 patients, both the dummy treatments to 72 patients, and 35 patients received no adjuvants. Prognosis of groups appeared similar at baseline. Blinding was successfully maintained. At six weeks seven patients (20%) without adjuvants reported very large improvement (including complete recovery), 17 (23%) and 16 (22%) with active and dummy ET, and 19 (26%) and 14 (19%) with active and dummy US. These proportions increased to about 40% at three months, but remained virtually stable thereafter. Up to 12 months follow up the 95% CI for differences between groups for all outcomes include zero.Neither ET nor US prove to be effective as adjuvants to exercise therapy for soft tissue SD.
Abstract LB-58: Role of mitochondrial ROS in activation of glioma stem cells and promotion of cancer development
Authors: Feng Wang, Shuqiang Yuan, Gang Chen, Sangbae Kim, Jing Yang, Feng Li, Ju-Seog Lee, Xiao-Nan Li, Rui-hua Xu, Peng Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) play a major role in brain tumor development, and they can be induced to undergo apparent differentiation morphology by serum. It is generally assumed that induction of differentiation by serum in cancer stem cells would reduce their ability to form tumors. However, how serum triggers such change in GSC differentiation status and whether it really affects their ability to form tumor remain unclear. Here we show that serum exposure activates mitochondrial respiration and causes an increase in mitochondrial ROS and stress responses, leading to NFκB activation and down-regulation of stem cell markers including CD133, Olig2, SOX2 and Notch1. Chemical perturbation of mitochondrial electron transport chain causes ROS increase in serum-induced GSCs and further decreases stem cell markers, while antioxidants reduce ROS and prevent the loss of stem markers. Surprisingly, the serum-induced GSCs exhibit greater ability to form tumor in both orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft models, which can be suppressed by antioxidants. Our study suggests that stimulation of mitochondrial respiration and ROS generation is critical in activation of GSCs and promoting tumor development in vivo. Although exposure of glioma stem cells to serum causes a decrease in stem cell markers and a loss of neurosphere morphology, the seemingly differentiated GSCs surprisingly exhibit greater ability to form tumors in vivo. A decrease in expression of certain stem cell markers such as CD133 and SOX2 may not necessarily indicate a decrease in tumorigenicity in vivo, and that redox signaling may play a major role in regulation of tumor formation from cancer stem cells. Citation Format: Feng Wang, Shuqiang Yuan, Gang Chen, Sangbae Kim, Jing Yang, Feng Li, Ju-Seog Lee, Xiao-Nan Li, Rui-hua Xu, Peng Huang. Role of mitochondrial ROS in activation of glioma stem cells and promotion of cancer development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-58. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-58
Psychiatric Practice Under Fire: The Influence of Government, Media and Special Interests on Somatic Therapies
Authors: Mark Fleisher
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Psychiatric Practice Under Fire is a well-constructed and well-written book that examines some of the prominent forces in society that have acted to unscientifically regulate medical practice, primarily psychiatric practice. In fact, this book is important for all physicians and specialties, because the information presented should cause sincere concern for all who feel that medical practice is moving out of the hands of the doctor and becoming influenced and controlled by forces whose agendas are other than to provide the best scientific patient care available.  Editor Harold Schwartz, MD, has brought together a group of knowledgeable professionals to address many topics, some primarily of interest to psychiatrists, that run the gamut over managed care, the media, and more. Chapters carefully outline the history, regulatory agencies involved, and the pertinent impact on the practice of medicine. Chapter topics are current and critically important. As I read the book, I began to
Rep/Cap Gene Amplification and High-Yield Production of AAV in an A549 Cell Line Expressing Rep/Cap
Authors: Guang-ping Gao, Fengmin Lu, Julio C. Sanmiguel, Phoi T. Tran, Zahra Abbas, Kimberly S. Lynd, Jon Marsh, Nancy B. Spinner, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Cell lines stably expressing rep/cap are important tools for studying adeno-associated virus (AAV) biology and producing AAV vectors. Several rep/cap cell lines have been isolated, each of which is based on HeLa cells. Infection of these cell lines with adenovirus for production of AAV vector is associated with substantial amplification of the rep/cap gene. Concerns over the presence of human papilloma viral (HPV) sequences in HeLa cells may limit use of such lines for production of clinical-grade vectors. Here we describe a non-HeLa-derived rep/cap cell line called K209, generated by stable transfection of A549 cells with a plasmid construct containing the P5 rep/cap cassette from AAV2. Infection of K209 cells with adenovirus leads to a 1000-fold amplification of the rep/cap gene with high-yield production of AAV vectors. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) of adenovirus that led to maximum amplification of the rep/cap gene and high-level production of AAV is 10 times higher in the HeLa-based cell line than that required in K209 cells. Our data suggest that papilloma-derived gene products present in HeLa cells are not required for high-yield production of AAV vectors. Cell lines stably expressing rep/cap are important tools for studying adeno-associated virus (AAV) biology and producing AAV vectors. Several rep/cap cell lines have been isolated, each of which is based on HeLa cells. Infection of these cell lines with adenovirus for production of AAV vector is associated with substantial amplification of the rep/cap gene. Concerns over the presence of human papilloma viral (HPV) sequences in HeLa cells may limit use of such lines for production of clinical-grade vectors. Here we describe a non-HeLa-derived rep/cap cell line called K209, generated by stable transfection of A549 cells with a plasmid construct containing the P5 rep/cap cassette from AAV2. Infection of K209 cells with adenovirus leads to a 1000-fold amplification of the rep/cap gene with high-yield production of AAV vectors. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) of adenovirus that led to maximum amplification of the rep/cap gene and high-level production of AAV is 10 times higher in the HeLa-based cell line than that required in K209 cells. Our data suggest that papilloma-derived gene products present in HeLa cells are not required for high-yield production of AAV vectors.
Tacrolimus reduces urinary excretion of leukotriene E4 and inhibits aspirin-induced asthma to threshold dose of aspirin
Authors: Tetsuya Kawano, Hiroto Matsuse, Yuki Kondo, Ikuko Machida, Sachiko Saeki, Shinya Tomari, Kazuko Mitsuta, Chizu Fukushima, Yasushi Obase, Terufumi Shimoda, Shigeru Kohno
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Anti-DKK1 mAb (BHQ880) as a potential therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma
Authors: Mariateresa Fulciniti, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Teru Hideshima, Sonia Vallet, Puru Nanjappa, Seth A. Ettenberg, Zhenxin Shen, Nipun Patel, Yu-tzu Tai, Dharminder Chauhan, Constantine Mitsiades, Rao Prabhala, Noopur Raje, Kenneth C. Anderson, David R. Stover, Nikhil C. Munshi
Journal: Blood (2009)
A Case of Myx deam Successfully Treated by Massage and Hypodermic Injections of the Thyroid Gland of a Sheep
Authors: W. Beatty
Journal: BMJ (1892)

speaking on digitalis in heart disease: "There is one condition in aortic in- sufficiency which warrants its use-that of over-compensation.This is marked by violent action of the heart, vibratory arteries visible all over the body, almost constant headache, flushed face, noises in the ears, occasional epistaxis, etc." Dr. Fagge5 says: In aortic regurgitation, when the hypertrophied ventricle is carrying on the circulation vigorously, digitalis often aggravates all the symptoms: " When there is dilatation of the heart (rather than hypertrophy), and the pulse is feeble, frequent, fluttering, and above all irregular, it may be given with a fair expectation that it will afford relief."What action will digitalis have on this case accord- ing to Sir Walter Foster?It would augment the ill effects of the insufficiency by slowing the action of the heart.The diminution in the frequency of the heart's beats under digitalis always means an increase of the period of the dilatation of the ventricles." The low arterial tension may require in- creasing, the heart's strength may want reinforcing, but these two indications cannot be fulfilled by any remedy which, like digitalis, adds to the prime evil.The more forcibly the heart beats, and the greater the arterial tension, the greater, caterisparibus, will be the reflux through the imperfect valves, and while the valvular lesion remains a constant quantity, digitalis will multiply its effects by increasing the period of its action."I have quoted Sir Walter Foster at length, not only because he is, as we see, diametrically opposed to such a
Nutrition and the New Health Awareness
Authors: Philip L. White
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The next great improvement in the public health will occur when people undertake personal efforts to reduce their risk of disease.<sup>1</sup>Personal efforts relate to abatement of smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, dietary immoderations, stress, and physical inactivity. Not much of this is under the direct control of the physician, nor does the busy practitioner have time to muster the necessary skills to effect significant changes in the well-ingrained but bad habits of patients. To bring about behavioral change requires knowledge of the patient's own set of health beliefs. In this time of medical and health enlightenment, people entertain an astounding variety of ideas that may have no basis in science or medicine. Self-assessment and self-treatment may be as commonplace as when the American Medical Association was founded in the last century. Many commercial interests prey on our heightened health awareness, reinforcing ill-conceived personal beliefs for their own monetary
Progression of Mediastinal Tuberculosis and Superior Vena Caval Obstruction Demonstrated by Gallium-67 Citrate and Radiocolloid Liver Scintigraphy
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, FRANK H. DeLAND, PEGGY A. DOMSTAD, H Mac VANDIVIERE, MARCUS L. DILLON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Most causes of superior vena caval (SVC) obstruction are caused by malignant mediastinal neoplasms, especially bronchogenic carcinoma. Less frequently SVC obstruction results from a non-malignant lesion such as mediastinal goiter or tuberculosis. We present a case of mediastinal tuberculosis which progressively enlarged as shown in consecutive Ga-67 citrate studies. As a result, SVC obstruction developed, exhibited by radionuclide SV Cavagram, and demonstrated “hot” spots in the radiocolloid scans.