tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypercholesterolemia Attenuates Angiogenesis but Does Not Preclude Augmentation by Angiogenic Cytokines
Authors: Eric Van Belle, Alain Rivard, Donghui Chen, Marcy Silver, Stuart Bunting, Napoleon Ferrara, James F. Symes, Christophe Bauters, Jeffrey M. Isner
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The impact of hyperlipidemia on collateral vessel development in vivo remains enigmatic. We sought to determine the anatomic extent and functional capacity of the collateral bed that develops in response to limb ischemia in a well characterized animal model of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia, the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit. We further characterized the impact of exogenous angiogenic cytokine administration on collateral vessel development and function in the same animal model. Methods and Results Weight-matched 6-month-old male homozygous WHHL (n=9) and normal New Zealand White (NZW) (n=9) rabbits underwent surgical resection of one femoral artery. Ten days later, the ischemic hindlimb was evaluated for collateral vessel formation, blood flow, and tissue damage. Collateral vasculature was less extensive among WHHL than NZW, as indicated by a significant reduction in angiographic score (0.19±0.02 versus 0.35±0.03, P &lt;.001) and capillary density (46.4±4.1 versus 78.9±4.6/mm 2 , P &lt;.0002). This was associated with a reduction in calf blood pressure index (9.5±3.5% versus 32.8±2.8%, P &lt;.0001), arterial blood flow (7.5±0.6 versus 13.6±0.7 mL/min, P &lt;.0001), and muscle perfusion index (40.1±3.2% versus 65.9±2.0%, P &lt;.0001) and an increase in muscle necrosis (48.16±5.41% versus 25.90±3.83% negative 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, P &lt;.004). Treatment of WHHL rabbits (n=9) with recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor produced a statistically significant improvement in all functional as well as anatomic indices of collateral development. Conclusions Collateral vessel development associated with hindlimb ischemia in vivo is severely attenuated in an animal model of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia but nevertheless may be augmented by administration of angiogenic cytokines.
Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Primary Coronary Angioplasty or Intravenous Thrombolysis in the “Real World”
Authors: Nicolas Danchin, Laurent Vaur, Nathalie Genès, Sylvie Etienne, Michaël Angioï, Jean Ferrières, Jean-Pierre Cambou
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Recent randomized trials comparing primary coronary angioplasty and intravenous thrombolysis at the acute stage of myocardial infarction have shown a limited but definite advantage for primary angioplasty. The aim of this study was to document 1-year outcome in patients receiving either thrombolysis or primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction in the "real world."We used a nationwide prospective registry of all patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction in French intensive care units in November 1995. Of the 721 patients who received reperfusion therapy, 152 were treated with primary angioplasty and 569 received intravenous thrombolysis. The two groups were remarkably similar with respect to all baseline descriptors, except that a higher proportion of patients in the angioplasty group had a history of cerebrovascular accident (10% versus 2%, P<0.01). In-hospital outcome was not different in the 2 groups. One-year survival was 85.5% in the angioplasty group and 89. 5% in the thrombolysis group (P=0.18). Multivariate analysis showed that older age, anterior location of infarction, female sex, and history of heart failure were related to 1-year mortality. In patients alive on day 5, the use of primary angioplasty and higher Killip class were additional adverse prognostic indicators.The results of this large registry of real-world practice indicate no survival benefit for patients treated with primary angioplasty compared with those who received thrombolytic therapy.
Two year results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) for presumed precore mutant chronic hepatitis B
Authors: S. Hadziyannis, N. Tassopoulos, J. Heathcote, T.T. Chang, G. Kitis, M. Rizetto, P. Marcellin, S.G. Lim, S.-S. Chen, M. Wulfsohn, M. Wollman, J. Fry, C. Brosgart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Psychosocial Cardiovascular Risks – on the Double Loads in Women
Authors: Tores Theorell
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

The author discusses gender differences in the psychosocial correlates of cardiovascular risk. A moderate amount of overtime work was associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction in men but a corresponding increased risk in women. The reason for this difference may be the double role (home and paid work) of women. Emotional states in diaries differed between men and women in the same occupations, and these differences seemed to some extent to be occupation specific.
INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON THE GROWTH AND MALIGNANCY OF A TRANSPLANTABLE NEOPLASM OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Experiments are reported in which an environment of constant and continuous light with a wave-length of from 3022 to 5790 Ångström units, supplied by mercury arcs in crown glass, and of constant darkness, have influenced the course and character of a malignant disease of rabbits induced by a transplantable neoplasm. Under the influence of constant light the level of malignancy was lower than in control animals living under ordinary conditions of diffused sunlight. Under the influence of constant darkness the level of malignancy was somewhat lower than in control animals but the effect of this environment was modified by the special character of the disease prevailing at this time. The incidence of bone metastases was unusually high, but it was greatly increased in the rabbits kept in constant darkness. These observations furnish experimental evidence in support of the belief that there is a correlation between the external factor of light and the manifestations of an experimental malignant disease.
Identification of Inorganic Pyrophosphate in Human Platelets and Its Release on Stimulation with Thrombin
Authors: Donald C. Silcox, Sergio Jacobelli, Daniel J. McCarty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Serum inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) levels were consistently two- to threefold higher than plasma PPi prepared from the same blood. PPi was found in platelets in amounts ranging from 1.4 to 3 nmol/10(8) cells, using three different techniques for quantification. These levels are approximately 800 times higher than the mean PPi concentration in normal plasma and approximate the levels of ADP found in platelets by other workers. About 50% of platelet PPi was specifically released extracellularly after stimulation with thrombin. Timed release experiments showed a pattern of release that resembled that described for ADP and ATP. This pattern was clearly different from that shown by platelet calcium, serotonin, or beta-glucuronidase. Platelet inorganic pyrophosphatase was not released into the supernate in detectable amounts. Platelets from patients with nucleotide storage pool deficiency showed greatly reduced levels of PPi as compared with control. There was no detectable release of PPi into extracellular medium after thrombin addition to a suspension of these platelets.
Desloratadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria
Authors: J. Ring
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a common dermatologic disorder that may severely impair quality of life. Patients may suffer symptoms such as pruritus and disfigurement due to wheals for years or decades. Advances have been made in the last 10 years with the identification of an autoimmune pathogenesis in a significant proportion of patients. Despite this, treatment remains symptomatic, and antihistamines are the first choice of therapy once the diagnosis of CIU has been established. The goal of treatment is rapid, long‐lasting symptom relief, and currently available antihistamines fail to provide this in many cases. Desloratadine is a novel, potent H 1 ‐receptor antagonist with additional inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and adhesion molecules. Newly published data on the efficacy and safety of desloratadine in CIU is highly encouraging, suggesting that the drug may improve symptom control above that currently available.
789-4 Simultaneous Dual Isotope Imaging with 99m -MIBI and 18 FDG-SPECT for Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Searle W. Videlefsky, William H. Martin, Dominique Delbeke, James A. Patton, Michelle G. Campbell, Martin P. Sandler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Abnormal Gait in Patients Following Leucotomy
Authors: JOSE POZUELO-UTANDA, FRANCIS A. TYCE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

We have reported the postmortem findings of one case and present clinical evidence of an abnormal gait among some leucotomized patients since 1940. In a random chronic group of 42 leucotomized patients abnormalities of the gait were found in nine. The gait is reported as different from abnormalities observed in patients taking phenothiazines and it is not considered to be a parkinsonian type of gait. Incoordination between limbs and trunk movements and hypotonia are significant features in most of the cases. A wide walking base, to a greater or lesser degree, was found in all the cases. The more significant postmortem findings in one such patient were a moderate amount of yellowish necrotic material under the leucotomy scar on the right side and slight reduction in size of the entire right cerebral hemisphere. This patient's gait, when she was attempting to walk forward, was directed sideways to the left.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and the Ethics of Clinical Research in Pediatrics
Authors: J D Lantos, J Frader
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The emergence of an innovative treatment as standard therapy has serious legal, ethical, and economic consequences, especially in pediatrics. Since children are unable to consent to or refuse treatment for themselves, the provision of standard therapy may be legally and ethically obligatory.1 Parents who refuse to consent to standard therapy may be accused of medical neglect and may face legal consequences.2 , 3 By contrast, the use of experimental therapy is restricted by both laws and ethical norms.4 , 5 When physicians propose to use experimental therapies in conducting research on children, parents may refuse to allow their children to participate and may withdraw . . .
Erythema Multiforme Associated with Sulfamethoxypyridazine Administration
Authors: Robert C. Garner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

SULFONAMIDE therapy has always held an important place in pediatrics. Hypersensitivity reactions to this group of drugs have been seen frequently in the past. Sulfamethoxypyridazine,‡ a newer sulfonamide with special appeal for pediatric use since effective levels are maintained when it is given at twenty-four-hour intervals, has proved to be no exception. The medical literature concerning such experience with sulfamethoxypyridazine has been limited to adults. Three cases of erythema multiforme showing the Stevens–Johnson syndrome, occurring in children receiving sulfamethoxypyridazine, have been seen on the Pediatric Service of Grady Memorial Hospital. Two of these patients were siblings, simultaneously affected, 1 of . . .
Review of Evaluation of Osseous Metastasis in Patients with Breast Cancer by Whole Body 99Tcm-MDP Bone Scintigraphy and 18F-2-Deoxyglucose PET
Authors: Philip Shie, Dana Mathews, William Erdman, Irfan Farukhi, Rubjit Chadha, David Brandon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Scientific Abstracts: Nine Poster Presentations for the 51st Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Chapter of the Society of Nuclear Medicine April 7-9, 2006, Hyatt Regency, Albuquerque, New Mexico http: //www.swcsnm.org: PDF Only
Diminished synthesis of immunoglobulin by peripheral lymphocytes of patients with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephropathy.
Authors: B S Ooi, Y M Ooi, A Hsu, P E Hurtubise
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Some studies of animal models of serum-sickness nephritis have shown that the lesions of membranous nephropathy develop in animals exhibiting a poor antibody response to the administered antigen (if given in constant amounts). It is postulated that patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy may share a similar characteristic, namely, a diminished capacity to produce sufficient amounts of antibody. To test this hypothesis, we examined the ability of lymphocytes isolated from 11 patients with this disorder to produce immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM on stimulation with a polyclonal B-cell activator, pokeweed mitogen. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (2 x 10(6) cells) from 24 normal individuals had geometric mean production rates of 1,779 ng for IgG, and 2,940 ng for IgM after 7 d of culture in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. By contrast, under identical conditions, lymphocytes from the 11 patients with membranous nephropathy produced significantly lower quantities of both immunoglobulins, with geometric mean concentrations of 511 ng for IgG and 439 ng for IgM. When lymphocytes from patients with membranous nephropathy were co-cultured with normal lymphocytes, the production of immunoglobulin by normal lymphocytes was depressed by 22-82%, suggesting that a population of suppressor cells was responsible for this disturbance in B-cell function. By co-culturing normal lymphocytes with patient lymphocytes depleted of either T cells or monocytes, the suppressor cell was identified as a monocyte.
Role of platelets in cholesteryl ester formation by U-937 cells.
Authors: M E Mendelsohn, J Loscalzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The conversion of tissue macrophages into cholesteryl ester-rich foam cells is a crucial early event in atherogenesis. We studied the platelet as a potential source of cholesterol for esterification by macrophages because (a) platelets are rich in free cholesterol, (b) they adhere to macrophages early in atherogenesis, and (c) vascular injury can induce foam cell formation in the absence of hyperlipoproteinemia. We found that washed, activated human platelets from normocholesterolemic donors stimulated cholesteryl ester formation by the human monocyte-derived cell, U-937. Platelet cholesterol, released from platelets activated with calf skin collagen, was approximately equipotent at donating cholesterol to U-937 cells for esterification as normal human low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The stimulation of cholesteryl ester formation by activated human platelets demonstrated both concentration and time dependence. When hypercholesterolemic donors were studied, it was found that increasing plasma levels of cholesterol correlated directly with the ability of these hypercholesterolemic platelets to support cholesteryl ester synthesis by U-937 cells. Cholesterol-donating activity was also found in a 1,000-g supernatants of activated platelets. These observations point to a new and potentially important role for platelets in atherogenesis and suggest a mechanism for foam cell formation in the absence of marked hypercholesterolemia.
Death and Disability in Drug Addiction and Abuse
Authors: HENRY BRILL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Editorials1 July 1967Death and Disability in Drug Addiction and AbuseHENRY BRILL, M.D.HENRY BRILL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-1-205 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwo papers on narcotics in this issue of the ANNALS, by Louria, Hensle, and Rose (1) and by Cherubin (2), should be of more than passing interest to a wide variety of physicians. Their work forcefully draws attention to the fact that, although much of the discussion about addiction centers on social and psychological aspects, there is also an important clinical and biological side. Internists, psychiatrists, pathologists, general practitioners, and even pediatricians are daily confronted with this fact in the form of medical emergencies and diagnostic puzzles in those who abuse drugs. This is a situation that can be expected...References1. LOURIAHENSLEROSE DBTJ: The major medical complications of heroin addiction. Ann. Intern. Med. 67: 1, 1967. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CHERUBIN CE: The medical sequelae of narcotic addiction. Ibid., p. 23. Google Scholar3. COHENMARINELLO MMMJ: Chromosomal damage in human leukocytes induced by lysergic acid diethylamide. Science 155: 1417, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: NYS Narcotic Addiction Control Commission West Brentwood, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1967Volume 67, Issue 1Page: 205-207KeywordsDisabilitiesDrug abuseDrug addictionDrugsPathologists Issue Published: 1 July 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Transforming the Size and Composition of the Physician Work Force to Meet the Demands of Health Care Reform
Authors: J J Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Despite the controversies surrounding almost every aspect of health care reform in the United States, analysts are virtually unanimous in complaining that our residency programs are turning out too few generalists, too many specialists, and too many doctors altogether. To correct these imbalances, one school of thought would rely on market forces and another would impose a regulatory apparatus. Those who support a market approach do not believe that regulators can make predictions about the future need for physicians that are sufficiently accurate to ensure a proper mix and number of physicians. In fact, they think the market is operating . . .
Diagnostic Carbon Dioxide Pneumomediastinography as an Extension of Scalene-Lymph-Node Biopsy
Authors: Alfred S. Berne, Philip M. Ikins, Clifford J. Straehley, Walter F. Bugden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE delineation of the normal structures and pathologic processes within the mediastinum is one of the most difficult aspects of chest roentgenology. The anatomic complexity of the mediastinal contents and their similar radiologic densities preclude precise x-ray visualization. Barium esophagography,1 , 2 overpenetrated films3 , 4 and vertical and horizontal laminagraphy,5 as well as the complicated contrast technics of angiocardiography and opacification of the azygos vein and superior vena cava,6 , 7 are widely employed to improve the radiologic study of the mediastinal structures.Theoretically, the introduction of gas as a contrast material into the various soft-tissue planes of the mediastinum, pneumomediastinography, should be the ideal . . .
Metabolic Characteristics of Castleman Disease on 18F-FDG PET in Relation to Clinical Implication
Authors: Eun Seong Lee, Jin Chul Paeng, Chang Min Park, Won Chang, Won Woo Lee, Keon Wook Kang, June-Key Chung, Dong Soo Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Castleman disease (CD) is a benign lymphoproliferative disease, which usually shows hypermetabolism on 18F-FDG PET/CT. In this study, we investigated metabolic characteristics of CD in consecutive series of patients and analyzed 18F-FDG uptake with regard to major clinicopathologic factors, to investigate clinical implication of 18F-FDG uptake in CD.Twelve patients (5 men and 7 women; mean age, 52 ± 14 years) with pathologically confirmed CD, who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT, were retrospectively enrolled, and their images were analyzed. The cases were composed of 10 first diagnosed and 2 relapsed cases. SUV(max) was measured for each lesion. Metabolic characteristics were compared according to clinical and pathologic characteristics.All the 18F-FDG PET/CT images showed hypermetabolic lesions including small lymph nodes of less than 1 cm. The average SUV(max) was 5.8 ± 4.1 with a varying range of 2.4 to 17.1. SUVmax was significantly higher in multicentric than in unicentric disease cases (7.0 ± 4.6 vs 3.3 ± 1.1; P = 0.048) and in the patients with clinical manifestation than the other group (7.1 ± 4.5 and 3.1 ± 0.8, respectively; P = 0.028).18F-FDG PET/CT is an effective diagnostic imaging for diagnosis of CD. Castleman disease shows moderately increased 18F-FDG uptake. In addition, the uptake is well correlated with disease multicentricity and clinical manifestation, suggesting that it would be a significant imaging marker for severity or prognosis of CD.
Mechanisms by Which COPD Affects Exercise Tolerance
Authors: OTTO BAUERLE, CARLA A. CHRUSCH, MAGDY YOUNES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

In view of the recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of COPD, we felt that it would be appropriate to examine the contribution of several abnormalities, not hitherto examined, to exercise limitation in this disease. These included: (1) The ability to exceed maximum expiratory flow (determined during forced maneuvers from TLC) during partial expiratory maneuvers. This is referred to as Δ FEV1. (2) Shape of the flow-volume curve (Shape). (3) Susceptibility to develop dynamic hyperinflation (dynamic hyperinflation index, DHI). (4) Ventilatory response to exercise (V˙ e max/V˙ e pred). Twenty-four COPD patients (FEV1 = 42 ± 13% pred) underwent symptom-limited progressive exercise. Δ FEV1, shape, DHI and V˙ e max/V˙ e pred were determined. All values were normalized to eliminate the effects of age, sex, and body size. Shape had no impact on peak V˙ o 2 (r = 0.8). Δ FEV1 (r = 0.50), DHI (r = 0.50) and V˙ e max/V˙ e pred (r = 0.46) correlated significantly with peak V˙ o 2 with all three exceeding FEV1 (r = 0.43). DHI and Δ FEV1 correlated significantly with each other (r = 0.43) suggesting that the latter exerts its beneficial effects by reducing the tendency to develop DH. We conclude that variability among patients in ventilatory response to exercise and in Δ FEV1 (likely an expression of extent of regional mechanical heterogeneity) contribute importantly to variability of exercise tolerance in COPD.