tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF NEURAMINIDASE ON THE FATE OF TRANSFUSED LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Judith J. Woodruff, Bertram M. Gesner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Evidence has been obtained that incubation of rat lymphocytes with neuraminidase, prior to intravenous transfusion into allogeneic or syngeneic recipients, alters the distribution of the cells. Many enzyme-treated lymphocytes initially become trapped in the liver, and there is a decrease in the selective accumulation of these cells in the lymph nodes and spleen. Subsequently, many enzyme-altered cells emigrate from the liver, concentrate in lymph nodes, and recirculate to the lymph. The results suggest that sialic acid constituents of the lymphocyte surface play a critical role in ensuring the normal distribution of these cells in the body. The findings also imply that reactions involving surface sialic acid can markedly alter the fate of lymphocytes without "killing" the cells.
Histopathologic Characteristics of Gastric Ulcers Created by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: N. Kakushima, M. Fujishiro, S. Kodashima, K. Kobayashi, A. Tateishi, M. Iguchi, A. Imagawa, T. Motoi, N. Yahagi, M. Omata
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aim: We have previously reported that gastric ulcers artificially created by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) would heal within 8 weeks regardless of size and location. The details of the healing process remain unclear, and we aimed to clarify the mechanism by histopathological investigation. Patients and Methods: 21 post-ESD ulcers were examined histopathologically, using surgically resected specimens from patients who had subsequently undergone gastrectomy due to submucosal invasion and/or lymphovascular infiltration by the tumor. The grade of ulcer, appearance of regenerative mucosa, scar formation, and extent of fibrosis were evaluated. Results: Fibrosis and wall thickening were observed from 2 weeks after ESD, but regenerative mucosa was not observed until 5 weeks. Among 12 patients who underwent gastrectomy later than 8 weeks after ESD, a mucosal defect was still observed in two patients. In these two patients the lesion was associated with severe fibrosis due to previous peptic ulcer or submucosal invasion by the lesion. Conclusion: Size reduction in these ulcers occurs by contraction in the early phase, then regenerative mucosa covers the remaining mucosal defect within 8 weeks. If there is fibrosis under the lesion before ESD, there is a possibility that the artificially created ulcer will not heal within 8 weeks.
Cytokine production at the site of disease in chronic eosinophilic pneumonitis.
Authors: H Kita, S Sur, L W Hunt, E S Edell, D A Weiler, M C Swanson, R W Samsel, J S Abrams, G J Gleich
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonitis (CEP) is characterized by longstanding respiratory symptoms accompanied by a massive pulmonary eosinophil infiltration. We hypothesized that cytokine(s) produced in the disease sites are implicated in the pathophysiology of CEP. We studied peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) obtained from two lung segments of a patient with CEP. Seventy times more eosinophils were found in the BALF from an involved lung segment (showing patchy opacification on a chest roentgenogram) than from an uninvolved segment. The eosinophil-active cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-6, and IL-10 were strikingly elevated in the BALF from the involved lung segment, whereas no or minimal levels of these cytokines were detectable in the BALF from the uninvolved segment or serum, respectively. Leukocytes in the involved lung segment, but not those in peripheral blood, expressed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. In contrast, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were not detected in any sample. These findings suggest that increased production of several cytokines, such as IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, in the involved lung segment, but not in the uninvolved lung segment or peripheral blood, is a critical pathophysiologic feature of CEP.
WHO wades into row over sharing of H5N1 flu research
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The World Health Organization has expressed concern that US attempts to block publication of aspects of recent research on the H5N1 avian influenza virus may undermine an international agreement on sharing information on the virus. The research relates to genetic mutations that might increase the virus’s risk of transmission to humans.

WHO raised its concerns in a statement released on 30 December (www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2011/pip\_framework\_20111229/en/index.html) and urged that information gathered through such research be shared in the manner delineated in its pandemic influenza preparedness (PIP) framework (http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf\_files/WHA64/A64\_8-en.pdf), which came into effect in May 2011.

The framework was negotiated to meet the concerns of several nations in Asia, where most new strains of flu first emerge, that they were …
Gout in the Negro Female.
Authors: William E. Reefe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Gout in the Negro Female.William E. Reefe, M.D., F.A.C.P.William E. Reefe, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-330_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGouty arthritis is generally considered to be a disease of middle-aged white men and uncommon in women. It has been considered even rarer in the Negro female. Since 1953, only 25 cases have been reported in the literature. It is the purpose of this report to present 10 cases of gout in Negro females seen in a general hospital over a 3-year period. The clinical findings in these cases are compared to the classical historical description of gout in women, namely its occurrence in the postmenopausal state, the relative sterility of women with gout, and the older age of onset... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William E. Reefe, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGouty Arthritis in the Adult 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 330-330KeywordsArthritisGoutInfertility ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
LEFT ATRIAL DEFORMATION IMAGING WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE-TRACKING PREDICTS THE RECURRENCE-RISK OF PAROXYSMAL OR PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER SUCCESSFUL ABLATION PROCEDURES
Authors: Christoph Hammerstingl, Marieke Schwiekendick, Robert Schueler, Alexander Ghanem, Diana Momcilovic, Jan-Malte Sinning, Erica Mittmann-Braun, Georg Nickenig, Lars Lickfett, Medizinische Klinik, None Poliklinik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Unemployment and patterns of consultation with the general practitioner.
Authors: P. Yuen, R. Balarajan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The relation between unemployment and consultations with the general practitioner was investigated among 13,275 economically active men aged 18-64 by using the British general household surveys. Men who were unemployed but seeking work consulted with doctors significantly more (odds ratio 1.83; 95% confidence interval 1.61 to 2.09) than those in employment, the highest consultation rate being among those who had been out of work for five years or more (odds ratio 2.12; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 3.78). The high consultation rates persisted even after adjustment for self reported longstanding illness (odds ratio 1.53; 95% confidence interval 1.34 to 1.76). These findings suggest that in areas with high unemployment general practitioner workload is likely to be high.
Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of trichloroethylene and its metabolites for use in risk assessment.
Authors: H J Clewell, P R Gentry, T R Covington, J M Gearhart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed that provides a comprehensive description of the kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its metabolites, trichloroethanol (TCOH), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and dichloroacetic acid (DCA), in the mouse, rat, and human for both oral and inhalation exposure. The model includes descriptions of the three principal target tissues for cancer identified in animal bioassays: liver, lung, and kidney. Cancer dose metrics provided in the model include the area under the concentration curve (AUC) for TCA and DCA in the plasma, the peak concentration and AUC for chloral in the tracheobronchial region of the lung, and the production of a thioacetylating intermediate from dichlorovinylcysteine in the kidney. Additional dose metrics provided for noncancer risk assessment include the peak concentrations and AUCs for TCE and TCOH in the blood, as well as the total metabolism of TCE divided by the body weight. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were performed on the model to evaluate its suitability for use in a pharmacokinetic risk assessment for TCE. Model predictions of TCE, TCA, DCA, and TCOH concentrations in rodents and humans are in good agreement with a variety of experimental data, suggesting that the model should provide a useful basis for evaluating cross-species differences in pharmacokinetics for these chemicals. In the case of the lung and kidney target tissues, however, only limited data are available for establishing cross-species pharmacokinetics. As a result, PBPK model calculations of target tissue dose for lung and kidney should be used with caution.
Wastage from Training in Radiology
Authors: W. D. Jeans
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Normal full-term infants require about 100 IU of vitamin D daily to prevent rickets and premature infants about 200 IU.The adult requirements may be so low as to be met by the amount in unfortified foods and exposure to sunlight.2A survey of American children (newborn to 17 years) showed that half ingest 400-800 IU daily; almost 10%, consistently consume over 1000 IU daily.3In contrast, in the past half-century magnesium intakes have fallen, whereas dietary contents of protein, fat, sugar, and calcium have risen.4High intakes of these nutrients, and of vitamin D, increase magnesium requirements and increase susceptibility to magnesium deficit.56Metabolic balance studies indicate that Occidental magnesium intakes are suboptimal.7The cardiovascular and renal lesions of experimental magnesium deficiency and experi- mental hypervitaminosis D are similar, as are those of infantile hypercalcaemia, an out- break of which in England was related to excessive vitamin D-2000-4000 IU daily.68Increased magnesium intakes protect against cardiomyopathy produced by many agents, including excessive vitamin D.59It may be the combination of excesses of most nutrients, with the exception of mag- nesium, that contributes to the high in- cidence of ischaemic heart disease in the industrialized countries.Perhaps the amount of magriesium provided by hard water10 may be sufficient to correct a marginal deficit, thereby contributing to the lower death rates from ischaemic heart disease in hard-water than in soft-water areas.-Iam, etc.,
965 ACID SPHINGOMYELINASE CONTROLS HEPATIC STELLATE CELL ACTIVATION AND IN VIVO LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: A. Moles, N. Tarrats, A. Morales, M. Dominguez, R. Bataller, J. Caballeria, C. Garcia-Ruiz, J.C. Fernandez-Checa, M. Mari
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
General Internal Medicine at the Crossroads of Prosperity and Despair: Caring for Patients with Chronic Diseases in an Aging Society
Authors: Eric B. Larson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

During the past quarter century, general internal medicine has emerged as a vital discipline. In the realm of patient care, it is the integrating discipline par excellence. Ironically, as general internists face the challenge of integrating advances of dizzying speed and complexity, and as their clinical practice becomes increasingly effective, it has become much more difficult for them to earn a living. General internists find themselves at the crossroads of prosperity and despair. Although general medicine research leads the research agenda in many departments of medicine, it is particularly vulnerable. The necessary multidisciplinary "programmatic" infrastructure is expensive, and results often take many years to obtain, particularly in the study of chronic disease. The educational environment in many institutions is particularly difficult for general medicine, both because the current emphasis on technical skills obscures patients' and learners' real needs and because complex patients on general medicine services are now so ill and their turnover so rapid. General internal medicine and geriatrics are synergistic, especially in today's marketplace. A focus on geriatric medicine could help general medicine continue to flourish. General internists are ideally suited to the integrated care of elderly patients with multiple problems, research opportunities are enormous in the geriatric population, and the teaching of geriatrics requires a high level of generalist skills. Problems that plague current generalist practice have unique significance to older patients. Organizations that represent general internists would do well to join forces with many other advocacy groups, especially those representing the interests of elderly patients and geriatric medicine.
Combination-sensitive neurons: A flexible neural strategy for analyzing correlated elements in sounds
Authors: Jeffrey J. Wenstrup
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Combination-sensitive neurons serve as the fundamental processing unit in Sussman and colleagues' proposal for the neural representation of stop consonants. This commentary describes recent studies in the mustached bat that show how ubiquitous and flexible this neural strategy can be. Sussman et al.'s proposal is an important contribution to a neuroethological consideration of speech perception.
Influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK
Authors: Emily J. Nicoli, Caroline L. Trotter, Katherine M.E. Turner, Caroline Colijn, Pauline Waight, Elizabeth Miller
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)

The common seasonality of incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and viral respiratory infections has long been recognized, however, the extent to which this affects the association between the pathogens is unknown. We have analysed weekly surveillance data of IPD, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), using ambient temperature and hours of sunshine as measures of seasonality.Reported cases of influenza, IPD and RSV, were collected in England and Wales, from week 1 (January) 1996 to week 23 (June) 2009. The associations between IPD and respiratory viral infections were analysed using several statistical methods, including correlation coefficients and both additive and multiplicative regression models.6-7.5% of cases of IPD are attributable to influenza and 3-4% attributable to RSV. Correlation coefficients reported considerably stronger associations between IPD and the viral infections compared to regression models.A small but potentially important percentage of IPD may be attributable to influenza and RSV when adjusted for seasonality by temperature. Jointly these viral infections may lead to over 10% of IPD cases. Therefore, prevention of viral respiratory infections may offer some additional benefit in reducing invasive pneumococcal infections.
Unexplained Unilateral Renal Hematuria
Authors: Willoughby E. Kittredge
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Determination of the cause of unilateral renal hematuria can occasionally pose a problem that will challenge the diagnostic acumen of the most experienced urologist. In such cases, investigation of the genitourinary tract should be relentlessly pursued until the cause has been established, if possible, and appropriate therapy begun. The following cases illustrate the difficulty that can be encountered in arriving at the correct diagnosis and represent the types of obscure pathologic conditions that can cause unilateral renal hematuria. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 54-year-old white man, first seen on Jan 17, 1946, complained of almost continuous bleeding since sudden onset of total, gross, painless hematuria 18 months previously. During this period, studies had been made on three occasions to determine the cause of the bleeding, each time it was determined that the blood came only from the right ureteric orifice. Studies of the right kidney and ureter revealed no
Australian Senate committee decides against compensation for victims of infected blood
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An Australian Senate committee of inquiry into the infection of over 8000 people with hepatitis C from blood transfusions and blood products has proposed a fund to improve their access to healthcare services but ruled out a compensation scheme.

Canada and Ireland have instituted compensation schemes covering loss of income and medical costs and—along with Great Britain—the provision of lump sum payments. It was a model that the Senate committee baulked at.

Chairwoman of the committee, Senator Jan McLucas, said: “If we had gone down the route of a compensation tribunal, it is the view of the …
An episodic change of rDNA nucleotide substitution rate has occurred during the emergence of the insect order Diptera
Authors: M. Friedrich, D. Tautz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

We have studied the potential reasons for a conspicuous deviation of substitution rates in Dipteran ribosomal genes. Systematic pairwise relative-rate tests reveal that a significant increase in substitution rate is characteristic for Diptera, but not for the other insects analyzed. Estimation of sequence change in specific lineages reveals that most of these substitutions took place during the evolution of the Dipteran stem lineage. When related to the paleontologically documented periods of absolute time, the substitution rate in the stem lineage of the Diptera underwent an at least 20-fold increase compared to other insect groups and subsequently dropped by a factor of 10 before the diversification of the major Dipteran subgroups. Systematic comparisons of nucleotide composition show that this episodic change in substitution rate was accompanied by a significant increase in A+T content of Dipteran rDNA. Our data suggest that the episodic evolution of the Dipteran rDNA has most probably been caused by a change of directional mutation pressure which must have occurred during the evolution of the stem lineage of the Diptera.
The mTOR pathway in hepatic malignancies
Authors: Mamatha Bhat, Nahum Sonenberg, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, growth, and proliferation and has been evaluated as a target for therapy in various malignancies. The mTOR pathway is a major tumor-initiating pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma, with up-regulation seen in up to 50% of tumors. Metformin, which represses mTOR signaling by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, has been shown to decrease liver carcinogenesis in population studies. mTOR inhibitors such as everolimus have been evaluated as adjunctive chemotherapy with some success, although efficacy has been limited by the lack of complete mTOR pathway inhibition. The active site mTOR inhibitors hold greater promise, given that they offer complete mTOR suppression. There is also evidence of mTOR pathway activation in cholangiocarcinoma, although its biological significance in initiating and promoting tumor progression remains ambiguous. This review provides an overview of the complex biochemistry behind the mTOR pathway and its role in carcinogenesis, especially as it pertains to hepatic malignancies.
Abstract 5274: MicroRNA-214 /hepatoma-derived growth factor paracrine pathway contributes to hypervascularity of human hepatoma
Authors: Sen-Yung Hsieh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background &amp; Aims: Unusual hypervascularity is a hallmark of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Angiogenesis is essential for tumorigenesis and metastasis. While microRNA (miRNA) deregulation is implicated in carcinogenesis, the role of miRNAs in tumor angiogenesis remains unknown. Methods: MiRNAs deregulated in HCC were identified using array-based miRNA profiling. A luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm target association between miR-214 and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF). Tube formation and in vivo angiogenesis assays were performed to validate the roles of miR-214 and HDGF in angiogenesis. Results: Downregulation of miR-214 was associated with HCC progression and poor clinical outcome. Ectopic expression of miR-214 suppressed cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth and depressed the vascularity of the tumor and its surrounding tissues. The genes downregulated by ectopic expression of miR-214 were involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle, and angiogenesis. Integrated analysis implicated HDGF as a downstream target of miR-214. Conditioned medium of HCC cells contained bioactivity to stimulate tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which was abolished by pretreatment of the conditioned media with HDGF antibodies, and silencing of HDGF expression or ectopic expression of miR-214 of the donor HCC cells. The angiogenic activity of the conditioned media lost by ectopic expression of miR-214 in the donor cells was restored by supplementation with recombinant HDGF. In vivo tumor angiogenesis assays showed significant suppression of tumor vascularity by ectopic expression of miR-214. Conclusions: A novel miR-214/HDGF paracrine pathway contributes to hypervascularity of HCC and is a candidate target for anti-HCC therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5274. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5274