tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tropical Diarrhea in Vietnam — A Controlled Study of Cholestyramine Therapy
Authors: Randolph M. McCloy, Alan F. Hofmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

NONSPECIFIC diarrhea has been a major health problem for United States military personnel in Vietnam; little is known of its pathogenesis, and responses to treatment often are inconsistent.1 2 3 4 Malabsorption of bile acids has been implicated as a cause of diarrhea in other conditions — for example, with ileal disease, resection or bypass5 , 6 or in the irritable-bowel syndrome.7 Cholestyramine, which binds bile acids, is effective symptomatic treatment in some cases.8 The possibility that bile acids are involved in other diarrheal conditions prompted us to compare the responses of tropical diarrhea to cholestyramine or placebo under double-blind conditions in 31 patients who . . .
Effect of chronic iron overload on procollagen gene expression
Authors: Faye D. Roberts, Paul Charalambous, Linda Fletcher, Lawrie W. Powell, June W. Halliday
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in genetic hemochromatosis may involve a direct effect of excess iron on collagen synthesis in the liver. To investigate this theory, we measured procollagen messenger RNA levels (types I, III and IV) in the livers of rats in which we produced chronic parenchymal iron overload by feeding them dietary carbonyl iron (2.5%, wt/wt) for up to 18 mo. This feeding resulted in predominantly parenchymal iron deposition in a periportal distribution similar to that seen in genetic hemochromatosis. Increased amounts of collagen fibrils were observed in iron-loaded livers on electron microscopy; all iron-loaded livers showed some periportal fibrosis. Although very high hepatic iron concentrations (range = 340 to 1,100 mumol/gm dry wt) were achieved in the carbonyl iron-loaded rats, we saw no consistent difference between steady-state messenger RNA levels for procollagens types I, III and IV in control and iron-loaded livers examined at five different time points up to 18 mo. Messenger RNA levels of the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta 1, which has been implicated as having a role in the production of extracellular matrix proteins, were also measured. No significant differences were observed between iron-loaded and control livers. These results suggest that excess parenchymal iron does not have a direct effect on the expression of the procollagens or transforming growth factor-beta 1 genes in iron-loaded livers and that factors other than, or in addition to, iron are necessary for fibrosis to occur.
TOO MUCH ROUTINE CARE
Authors: Bernard Notes
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —After 30 years of obstetric experience, I sometimes think patients are subjected to too much routine study and treatment. Perhaps we have swung too far, therapeutically, from supporting patients in their natural functions and physiological reactions. The multiplicity of scientific articles that are simply statistical, often with the lack of perspective that term implies, seems to be in part the basis for these practices, which too often are put into effect en masse with little respect for individual reactions. Aspects of routine postpartum care in lying-in hospitals, such as (1) excessively early ambulation when involution is just beginning, (2) involution of the breasts too quickly (and distortion of normal hormonal balance) by the administration of hormones when simple supportive measures, including sufficient fluids, give better results, and (3) unnecessary treatments of the perineal wound, which needs nothing more than simple cleansing, are glaring examples. A recent editorial,
Closing the Gap: The Burden of Unnecessary Illness
Authors: Jimmy Carter
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Improvements in medical technology and health care have led most Americans to expect long and healthful lives. In part, these expectations have been realized. Nevertheless, despite remarkable accomplishments by the American medical community, there exists a gap between what is and what could be the health of the American people. Hundreds of thousands of illnesses and deaths occurring each year are unnecessary in light of currently available medical knowledge. Such occurrences pose a double burden for our nation: the impact on the victims themselves, and the diversion of medical resources from unavoidable health problems. Recognizing this condition, I directed The Carter Center (established at Emory University shortly after I left the White House) to determine the factors most responsible for unnecessary morbidity and mortality in the United States, and to recommend intervention strategies to reduce or eliminate those factors. The Carter Center consultants analyzed the burden imposed by cancer, heart
A dynamic prognostic model to predict survival in primary myelofibrosis: a study by the IWG-MRT (International Working Group for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment)
Authors: Francesco Passamonti, Francisco Cervantes, Alessandro Maria Vannucchi, Enrica Morra, Elisa Rumi, Arturo Pereira, Paola Guglielmelli, Ester Pungolino, Marianna Caramella, Margherita Maffioli, Cristiana Pascutto, Mario Lazzarino, Mario Cazzola, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Blood (2009)
Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy of common warts: cryo-spray vs. cotton wool bud
Authors: R.T. Kuwahara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy of common warts: cryo‐spray vs. cotton wool bud Get access British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 2, 1 February 2002, Page 341, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.4653_11.x Published: 01 February 2002
Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Models for People With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: David P. J. Osborn, Sarah Hardoon, Rumana Z. Omar, Richard I. G. Holt, Michael King, John Larsen, Louise Marston, Richard W. Morris, Irwin Nazareth, Kate Walters, Irene Petersen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

People with severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have excess rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk prediction models validated for the general population may not accurately estimate cardiovascular risk in this group.To develop and validate a risk model exclusive to predicting CVD events in people with SMI incorporating established cardiovascular risk factors and additional variables.We used anonymous/deidentified data collected between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2010, from the Health Improvement Network (THIN) to conduct a primary care, prospective cohort and risk score development study in the United Kingdom. Participants included 38,824 people with a diagnosis of SMI (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other nonorganic psychosis) aged 30 to 90 years. During a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 2324 CVD events (6.0%) occurred.Ten-year risk of the first cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular accidents, or major coronary surgery). Predictors included age, sex, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, smoking, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, social deprivation, SMI diagnosis, prescriptions for antidepressants and antipsychotics, and reports of heavy alcohol use.We developed 2 CVD risk prediction models for people with SMI: the PRIMROSE BMI model and the PRIMROSE lipid model. These models mutually excluded lipids and BMI. In terms of discrimination, from cross-validations for men, the PRIMROSE lipid model D statistic was 1.92 (95% CI, 1.80-2.03) and C statistic was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.83) compared with 1.74 (95% CI, 1.63-1.86) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.75-0.82) for published Cox Framingham risk scores. The corresponding results in women were 1.87 (95% CI, 1.76-1.98) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.76-0.82) for the PRIMROSE lipid model and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.48-1.68) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.73-0.81) for the Cox Framingham model. Discrimination statistics for the PRIMROSE BMI model were comparable to those for the PRIMROSE lipid model. Calibration plots suggested that both PRIMROSE models were superior to the Cox Framingham models.The PRIMROSE BMI and lipid CVD risk prediction models performed better in SMI compared with models that include only established CVD risk factors. Further work on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the PRIMROSE models is needed to ascertain the best thresholds for offering CVD interventions.
Care of the Patient and Management of Complications after Percutaneous Coronary Artery Interventions
Authors: James J. O'Meara
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Certain aspects of patient management are common with conventional balloon angioplasty and newer coronary artery interventions. These aspects include the evaluation of chest pain or treatment of acute vessel closure shortly after the intervention, management of the vascular access site (especially if complications occur), prevention and treatment of contrast-induced renal dysfunction, and the use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents after the procedure. However, some aspects of management vary among techniques. Several different drug therapies are indicated after these procedures, but pharmacologic therapy for restenosis has been largely unsuccessful. Placement of an intracoronary stent decreases the frequency of restenosis and subsequent revascularization procedures, and functional testing may be of value in some patients after coronary artery interventions. It is important for the specialist in internal medicine to have a firm working knowledge of the various aspects of care that are required because their role in management is increasing.
The Lie-Flat Phenomenon
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  One need not look to the laboratory or even the bedside for material worthy of clinical investigation. Close observation of a patient in the simple act of mounting the examining table has given rise to a series of provocative observations and interesting research possibilities.  It was noted in a consecutive series of 1,000 such mountings that 85% of patients given the instruction  on your back, lie on their stomachs and vice versa. In an effort to direct the patient into the supine position, without resorting to such nonanatomical, though commonly understood, instructions as  on your duff or  down, belly up, another 1,000 subjects were told to  flat. With this simple change in command the statistics were reversed: 85% of patients so instructed obeyed by reclining supine.  The word flat as defined in the 1965 edition of Webster's Third New International Dictionary is having
Portable medical record for the homeless mentally ill.
Authors: J B Reuler, J R Balazs
Journal: BMJ (1991)

gramme, the time may be right to investigate circum? stances leading to cases of infants affected by Rh haemolytic disease rather than deaths. This is especially important if the death rate is falling while new cases are still occurring at the same rate. Computerised blood transfusion centres could provide information to interested clinicians about new cases occurring. This could be a topic for a regional obstetric audit group. In summary, we think that the overall outlook for almost complete prevention of Rh haemolytic disease deaths is good. The introduction of monoclonal anti-D is on the horizon and, when it is readily available, will contribute to a reduction in new cases of sensitisa tion.' We are grateful to Professor P L Mollison for advice on the classification of cases, and Professor Charles Rodeck and Dr L A P Tovey for commenting on the changing rates of death in 1988 and 1989. The Office of Population Censuses and Surveys kindly forwarded the death information and Mrs E Batty typed the manuscript. The work is supported by the Mersey Regional Research Committee.
Surgical Treatment of Complete Heart Block
Authors: Howard L. Gadboys, B. George Wisoff, Robert S. Litwak
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Thirty-six patients, 6 to 88 years of age, with complete heart block had surgical implantation of internal electric pacemakers. Asynchronous pacers were used in 27 patients and synchronous units in nine. The average age at the time of surgery was 67 years. Severe coexisting disease, including congestive heart failure, azotemia, diabetes, or hypertension, was present in 26 patients. There was one operative death (2.7%), and six patients (16.7%) died subsequently. Mechanical pacemaker failures occurred in 25% and probably resulted in one fatality. A comparison of results in patients with syncopal histories who were treated medically and surgically reveals a 50% mortality at 42 months in the medically managed group and a 17% mortality at 37 months in the surgically managed patients. The symptomatic results warrant the use of pacemakers in the treatment of complete heart block. INITIAL SUCCESS with implantable electrical pacemakers in the treatment of complete heart block has
Effects of temperature and air pollutants on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases for males and females older than 65 years of age in Tokyo, July and August 1980-1995.
Authors: F Ye, W T Piver, M Ando, C J Portier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We studied exposures to higher daily maximum temperatures and concentrations of air pollutants in Tokyo during the summer months of July and August from 1980 to 1995 and their effects on hospital emergency transports for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases for males and females > 65 years of age. Cardiovascular diseases were angina, cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Respiratory diseases were asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia. Except for pneumonia, daily maximum temperatures were not associated with hospital emergency transports. Increasing daily maximum temperatures, however, were associated with decreased hospital emergency transports for hypertension. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide or particulate matter < or = 10 microm, however, were associated with daily hospital emergency transports for angina, cardiac insufficiency, myocardial infarction, asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia. For cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, myocardial infarction, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia, the expected daily number of emergency transports per million were greater for males than for females. For angina and acute bronchitis, there were no differences for the expected daily numbers of emergency transports per million between males and females.
Expectations for Comparative Effectiveness and Efficacy Research
Authors: William H. Eaglstein, Robert S. Kirsner
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Immunity in Hodgkin's Disease: Importance of Age at Exposure
Authors: N J Vianna, A K Polan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

A relatively common viral agent of low virulence and infectivity might be of etiologic importance in Hodgkin's disease. Age at initial exposure is a major determinant of the outcome of infection (immunity versus clinical disease) and the different epidemiologic patterns for this lymphoma observed internationally. Early exposure, particularly when it occurs in persons from high birth ranks, is associated with a relatively durable immunity. In contrast a delay in initial exposure, also mediated by family factors, results in higher clinical disease-to-immunity ratio. The large male excess in childhood Hodgkin's disease might be due to some sexlinked environmental factor operating early in life and the greater frequency of an asymptomatic carrier state in this sex.
False negative Tc-99m Hepatobiliary Scan in a Patient With Osler-Weber-Rendu Disease
Authors: ISIS GAYED, RAMESH DHEKNE, PATRICK FORD, WARREN MOORE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 51-year-old woman with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease presented with right upper quadrant pain. Ultrasonography of the gallbladder and Tc-99m cholescintigraphy showed no evidence of acute cholecystitis. CT of the abdomen 9 hours after the hepatobiliary scan was consistent with acute cholecystitis. A gangrenous gallbladder was surgically removed after identification and ligation of an anomalous accessory right hepatic duct inserting directly into the gallbladder. The pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of acute ischemic acalculous cholecystitis.
Abstract 1856: Preclinical study for statins as anticancer drug.
Authors: Pengfei Jiang, Rajesh Mukthavavam, Ying Chao, Natsuko Nomura, Valentina Fogal, Sandra Pastorino, Ila Summit, Santosh Kesari
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Statins are a class of drug that inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase that is the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterols synthesis. Now, statins are among the most prescribed drug used for treatment of hypercholesterolemia by lower down the serum cholesterol concentration and it is also a major means to preventing and reducing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. In addition to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, the emerging evidences indicated the statins usage has a number of beneficial effect such as anti-inflammation and lowering down the risk of cancer. To investigate the anti-cancer effect statins drugs that have been approved to clinical usage we evaluated the inhibition of breast cancer and GBM cell line growth. Statins are also potent inhibitors to stem cell-like primary GBM cells freshly isolated from patients. Unexpected, statins treatment induces strong cell autophagy death signals as weak if not at all cellular apoptosis. Tumor cells can be rescued after statin treatment by adding intermediated product of cholesterol synthesis (mevalonate and GGPP), it indicates that the target of the statins is specifically related the cholesterols synthesis pathway. Knock-down the expression of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase-1 (GGPS-1), another key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis pathway, also stimulated strong cell autophagy and cell death in vitro, also dramatically reduced U87 tumor growth in vivo. In vivo data also showed that directly injection of statin is better than oral administrate to delay GBM tumor growth. This study showed statins are potent anti-cancer drug in vitro and in animal model. These safe and well-tolerate drugs are good candidates for clinical test as cancer chemotherapy reagents. Citation Format: Pengfei Jiang, Rajesh Mukthavavam, Ying Chao, Natsuko Nomura, Valentina Fogal, Sandra Pastorino, Ila Summit, Santosh Kesari. Preclinical study for statins as anticancer drug. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1856. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1856 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
In-Vivo Acquisition of Two Different Types of Aminoglycoside Resistance by a Single Strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Severe Infection
Authors: BARBARA E. MURRAY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Multiple isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained from a patient were of the same biotype and capsular type and had three common plasmids. Initially, three isolates (from blood) were susceptible to aminoglycosides. Three other isolates, obtained after gentamicin treatment was begun, were susceptible to amikacin but resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin, produced 2″aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase, and had acquired an R-factor. A later isolate, obtained after amikacin therapy was begun, was susceptible to gentamicin and tobramycin, resistant to amikacin, was a small-colony variant, produced no aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and no longer contained the R-factor. In-vitro protein synthesis by ribosomes from this isolate was inhibited by amikacin whereas uptake of amikacin was markedly less than with previous isolates. Thus, this case illustrates the apparent in-vivo acquisition of plasmid-mediated resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin followed by loss of the plasmid and development of amikacin resistance due to decreased aminoglycoside uptake.
Giant Pandas Are Not an Evolutionary cul-de-sac: Evidence from Multidisciplinary Research
Authors: Fuwen Wei, Yibo Hu, Li Yan, Yonggang Nie, Qi Wu, Zejun Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the world's most endangered mammals and remains threatened by environmental and anthropogenic pressure. It is commonly argued that giant pandas are an evolutionary cul-de-sac because of their specialized bamboo diet, phylogenetic changes in body size, small population, low genetic diversity, and low reproductive rate. This notion is incorrect, arose from a poor understanding or appreciation of giant panda biology, and is in need of correction. In this review, we summarize research across morphology, ecology, and genetics to dispel the idea, once and for all, that giant pandas are evolutionary dead-end. The latest and most advanced research shows that giant pandas are successful animals highly adapted to a specialized bamboo diet via morphological, ecological, and genetic adaptations and coadaptation of gut microbiota. We also debunk misconceptions around population size, population growth rate, and genetic variation. During their evolutionary history spanning 8 My, giant pandas have survived diet specialization, massive bamboo flowering and die off, and rapid climate oscillations. Now, they are suffering from enormous human interference. Fortunately, continued conservation effort is greatly reducing impacts from anthropogenic interference and allowing giant panda populations and habitat to recover. Previous ideas of a giant panda evolutionary cul-de-sac resulted from an unsystematic and unsophisticated understanding of their biology and it is time to shed this baggage and focus on the survival and maintenance of this high-profile species.