tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The in Vitro and in Vivo Effect of a New Non-Halogenated Corticosteroid - Budesonide - Aerosol on Human Ciliary Epithelial Function
Authors: G. S. M. J. E. Duchateau, J. Zuidema, F. W. H. M. Merkus
Journal: Allergy (1986)

The in vitro and in vivo effect on the ciliary epithelial function of a new corticosteroid (budesonide), with a high topical and negligible systemic activity, was investigated. Ciliary function is an important factor in the nasal clearance mechanism. It must not be hampered by drugs or additives. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured in vitro with a photo‐electric method. CBF appeared to be only slightly decreased by the budesonide and placebo aerosols. As there is no significant difference in ciliotoxicity between the aerosols, the small decrease may be caused by the solubilizing excipient. The influence of the aerosols in vivo was measured in human volunteers as changes in mucus transport time (MTT) with the indigocarmine/saccharine sodium method. Ciliotoxicity in vivo could not be found.
Does Owning a Firearm Increase or Decrease the Risk of Death?
Authors: P Cummings, T D Koepsell
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship between viral replication and fibrosis/necroinflammatory activity index in the liver is observed in chronic hepatitis B HBeAg negative but not in HBeAg positive
Authors: Rosamar E.F. Rezende, Leandra N.Z. Ramalho, Sergio Zucoloto, Jose F.C. Figueiredo, Afonso D.C. Passos, Marcia G. Villanova, Ana L.C. Martinelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
STUDIES ON PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: Chien Liu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

By means of fluorescein-labelled antibody, the primary atypical pneumonia virus was found to multiply exclusively in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells lining the bronchioles and air sacs of developing chick embryos. When 13-day old embryos were inoculated intra-amniotically and incubated at 35 degrees C. for 5 days or longer, over 90 per cent of the inoculated embryos became infected. Between 1954 and 1956, seven strains of PAP virus were isolated from sputums or nasopharyngeal washings in patients during the acute stage of the PAP infection. One strain of virus was isolated from the frozen lung of a patient who died at Boston in 1943. All eight recently isolated strains and the Mac strain isolated by Eaton et al. in California in 1944 were antigenically closely related if not identical. PAP virus is not related antigenically to agents of psittacosis, Q fever, adenovirus (Types 1 to 6), influenza A or B, or PVM.
Abstract 4687: Gene expression of breast cancer with CD44+CD24-/low genotype
Authors: Yuko Tsunoda, Masaaki Sakamoto, Kenya Suzuki, Terumasa Sawada, Akiko Sasaki, Gou Yamamoto, Tomohide Isobe, Tetsuhiko Tachikawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Breast cancer cells with a CD44+CD24-/low phenotype have been suggested to have tumor-initiating properties with stem cell-like. The purpose of this study is to clarify the gene expression profiling of cells with different CD44/CD24 genotypes within breast cancer. Methods: Laser-captured microdissection was used to select the isolation of cancer cells in 36 frozen tissues of breast cancer, and RNA extracted from these cells was examined by real-time RT-PCR to quantify CD44 and CD24 expressions. Human stem cell RT2 profiler PCR array was used for gene expression analysis in the groups of different CD44/CD24 genotype. Associations between different CD44/CD24 genotypes and clinical variables were assessed by Fisher's exact test, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for gene expression profiling. P&amp;lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: Thirty-six tumors were divided into 3 groups. Group A was composed of CD44+CD24-/low genotype, in which the ratio of CD44/CD24 was &amp;gt;1.0. Group B was composed of CD44+CD24+ genotype, in which that was 0.1 &amp;lt; ratio ≤ 1.0. In group C of CD44-/lowCD24+ genotype, that was &amp;lt; 0.1. The number of tumors in group A, B and C was 5, 29 and 2, respectively. Regarding the correlation of CD44/CD24 status with tumor characteristics, tumors of group A were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis compared with those of group B (P=0.029). The number of tumor with HER 2 score 3 within group A and B was 0 and 11, respectively. There was no significantly difference in ER status and tumor size. As far as the signaling pathways, the number of expression genes for Notch pathway in group A was significantly greater than in group B (P=0.028), and that for Wnt pathway was not significantly different between group A and B. Overexpressed gene in group A was NUMB, which is related to the programmed cell death. MYST1 and SOX2 tended to show higher levels of group A than of group B. Conclusion: This study suggests that Notch pathway may be more important than Wnt pathway on breast cancer with CD44+CD24-/low genotype, and the CD44+CD24-/low status would be associated with low/negative HER2 expression. Moreover, the gene of self-renewal markers, such as MYST1, SOX2 and NUMB might be a target for therapy against breast cancer with low/negative HER2 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4687.
Proteus Infections in a General Hospital. I. Biochemical Characteristics and Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Organisms
Authors: JONATHAN L. ADLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Biochemical characteristics, bacteriophage and bacteriocine typing, Dienes tests, and susceptibility to antibiotics were used to classify strains of Proteus mirabilis from 209 patients at Boston City Hospital, Boston, Mass. Three fourths of the strains could be classified into 10 major proticine types. Strains of proticine types 6 and 9 were the most closely related by Dienes tests and by their antibiotic resistance patterns. Gentamicin was uniformly active against strains of P. mirabilis, but approximately 15% were resistant to kanamycin. Carbenicillin was the most active of the penicillins; 20% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin. There was a marked inoculum effect with most of the antibiotics. Carbenicillin and gentamicin were equally active against P. mirabilis and against indole-positive strains of Proteus.
Endoscopic Features of Metastatic Tumors in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: C. C. Hsu, J. J. Chen, C. S. Changchien
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: Metastatic tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract are rare. The tumors that most frequently metastasize to the upper gastrointestinal tract are reported to be melanoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. We describe here our experience in relation to the clinical manifestations and endoscopic findings of metastatic tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of the Cortisone-Modified Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Sheldon Berger, James L. Downey, Howard S. Traisman, Robert Metz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

BY use of a cortisone-modified glucose tolerance test Fajans and Conn12 found marked susceptibility to the diabetogenic effect of cortisone far more frequently among nondiabetic relatives of diabetic patients than among subjects with no known family history for diabetes. The mechanism of this cortisone effect has not been established. Long and his co-workers3 demonstrated in 1940 that the partially depancreatized rat was more susceptible to the diabetogenic effect of adrenocortical extracts than intact animals, and nine years later Zucker4 reported similar findings in rabbits given subdiabetogenic amounts of alloxan. These observations, interpreted in conjunction with morphologic evidence of increased islet . . .
Free-radical chemistry of sulfite.
Authors: P Neta, R E Huie
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The free-radical chemistry of sulfite oxidation is reviewed. Chemical transformations of organic and biological molecules induced by sulfite oxidation are summarized. The kinetics of the free-radical oxidations of sulfite are discussed, as are the kinetics of the reactions of the sulfite-derived radicals SO3 and the peroxy derivative SO5 with organic compounds.
Examination of the Larynx
Authors: Eugene G. Flaum
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The cost of flexible laryngoscope (more than $2,500) is reason enough to emphasize that improved methods of teaching the otolaryngologic examination to medical students is needed. The physical diagnosis courses are taught by internists, who are not experts in the technique of the laryngoscopic examination. Following one session with a specialist, many of the students never again pick up a laryngoscopic mirror. Continued exposure (ie, rotations through ENT services) is the only way to develop the skills necessary for indirect laryngoscopy. The medical education system made a big mistake when it dropped the rotating internship. Medical schools should improve their understanding and education in this field. I believe that it is wrong to resort to expensive instrumentation when improved education is all that is needed.
Infusion of Floxuridine in Treatment of Solid Tumors-Reply
Authors: R. J. Papac
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  In response to the comments of Drs. Moertel and Reitemeier, we wish to acknowledge the difficulty of evaluating a new agent in a small series of cases. We reported that three of 20 patients with gastrointestinal cancer responded to infusion of floxuridine. One of the patients initially received the agent as a two-hour infusion, and the following month was treated with the 24-hour infusion method, achieving a response to treatment subsequently.  In an earlier study ( Cancer Chemother Rep  20 :143, 1962), we reported tumor regression in two of eight patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas given floxuridine by rapid injection. Because of the small number of cases, we have refrained from stating percentage of responses since we felt that such values would have little statistical significance.  Our aim was to report the minimal toxicity in relation to the observed benefit. In addition we endeavored to classify the cases according
Diseases of the heart and blood-vessels. Ischaemia of the lower limbs.
Authors: N. L. Browse
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Ischaemia of the lower limbs is almost always due to enlarging plaques of atheroma in the major abdominal or limb vessels.Other causes of ischaemia such as Buerger's disease, the small vessel blocks associated with diabetes, and permanent arterial damage secondary to vasospastic disease (Raynaud's phenomenon in the feet) are rare and will not be discussed.Atheroma, the aetiology of which is still not understood, is a disease of arteries, not arterioles, and has a particular affinity for bifurcations.Thus the common sites of atheromatous stenosis or block are the bifurcations of the abdominal aorta, the common iliac artery, and the common femoral artery.One possible reason for this distribution is the presence of turbulent flow at these sites.The superficial femoral artery at the adductor hiatus is another site that is frequently grossly diseased.However, the vessels between these points also are always abnormal, for atherosclerosis is a disease which affects all arteries.Complete occlusion of an artery is usually due to thrombosis at the site of a pre-existing irregular stenosis.The symptoms that follow total occlusion may be so acute as to be identical with those of an arterial embolism, but the occlusion may produce no more than an exacerbation of those signs of chronic ischaemia that are already present.The severity of the symp- toms depends in each case on the balance between the progres- sion of the disease and the growth of the collateral circulation. Symptoms of Arterial OcclusionAtheromatous occlusions of the lower limb vessels may present wth symptoms of acute or chronic arterial insufficiency.Acute arterial insufficiency usually results from thrombosis in a stenosed segment.The patient complains of the sudden onset of pain, coldness, discoloration, loss of power, and loss of sensation in the affected limb.The outcome is either gangrene or slow recovery. Chronic Arterial InsufficiencyChronic arterial insufficiency may present as pain, sepsis, pre- gangrene, or gangrene.
Chemical synthesis of nitric oxide in the stomach from dietary nitrate in humans.
Authors: G M McKnight, L M Smith, R S Drummond, C W Duncan, M Golden, N Benjamin
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It has been suggested that dietary nitrate, after concentration in the saliva and reduction to nitrite by tongue surface bacteria, is chemically reduced to nitric oxide (NO) in the acidic conditions of the stomach. This study aimed to quantify this in humans. METHODS: Ten healthy fasting volunteers were studied twice, after oral administration of 2 mmol of potassium nitrate or potassium chloride. Plasma, salivary and gastric nitrate, salivary and gastric nitrite, and gastric headspace NO concentrations were measured over six hours. RESULTS: On the control day the parameters measured varied little from basal values. Gastric nitrate concentration was 105.3 (13) mumol/l (mean (SEM), plasma nitrate concentration was 17.9 (2.4) mumol/l, salivary nitrate concentration 92.6 (31.6) mumol/l, and nitrite concentration 53.9 (22.8) mumol/l. Gastric nitrite concentrations were minimal (&lt; 1 mumol/l). Gastric headspace gas NO concentration was 16.4 (5.8) parts per million (ppm). After nitrate ingestion, gastric nitrate peaked at 20 minutes at 3430 (832) mumol/l, plasma nitrate at 134 (7.2) mumol/l, salivary nitrate at 1516.7 (280.5) mumol/l, and salivary nitrite at 761.5 (187.7) mumol/l after 20-40 minutes. Gastric nitrite concentrations tended to be low, variable, and any rise was non-sustained. Gastric NO concentrations rose considerably from 14.8 (3.1) ppm to 89.4 (28.6) ppm (p &lt; 0.0001) after 60 minutes. All parameters remained increased significantly for the duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS: A very large and sustained increase in chemically derived gastric NO concentrations after an oral nitrate load was shown, which may be important both in host defence against swallowed pathogens and in gastric physiology.
Rational Diagnosis and Treatment: An Introduction to Clinical Decision-Making
Authors: Stephen G. Pauker
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Although clinical decision-making occupies a central role in the practice of medicine, the basic principles of this art have, until recently, rarely been discussed, formally taught, or subjected to the well-deserved scrutiny applied to most aspects of medical care. This brief, more or less readable book attempts to give both student and practitioner an armchair view of medical logic. The first edition might have served to introduce the preclinical student to uncertainties commonplace in the clinic; unfortunately, the second edition delivers far less than the reader must invest, hardly providing a modern view of a rapidly evolving field. After reading this monograph, the student will certainly appreciate the nature of clinical reasoning and the flaws that all too often make it irrational. Wulff delineates the problems but fails to provide reasonable approaches to their solution. In fact, he dismisses the entire field of prescriptive decision-making: "I hope that no clinician
Scintigraphic ???Doughnut Sign??? on Bone Scintigraphy Secondary to Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, HIDENORI OTAKE, MARI KANUMA, YASUO MOGI, TAKASHI TATEZAWA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 57-year-old man noticed two bumps on the right fronto-parietal region of his head. Head CT showed an osteolytic lesion with soft tissue density in the right parietal bone. Tc-99m HMDP bone scintigraphy demonstrated a ring-like accumulation in the right parietal bone, and an area of increased uptake in the right temporal bone and at the left pedicle of the twelfth thoracic vertebral body. Abdominal CT scan was performed to look for a primary focus, and revealed numerous small round tumor lesions in the enlarged liver. Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy was performed for further confirmation and to look for metastatic foci, and showed an area of increased uptake in the calvarium, the twelfth thoracic spine, and the enlarged liver. Metastatic hepatocellular
Course of Peripheral Occlusive Arterial Disease in Diabetes: Vascular Laboratory Assessment
Authors: Philip J Osmundson, W Michael O'Fallon, Bruce R Zimmerman, Francis J Kazmier, Alice L Langworthy, P J Palumbo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

To determine comparative rates of development and progression of peripheral occlusive arterial disease, 110 healthy nondiabetic control subjects, 112 patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease (POAD), 240 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and 100 patientswith diabetes mellitus and peripheral occlusive arterialdisease (DM + POAD) were studied over 4 yr with noninvasive techniques. The presence of peripheral occlusive arterial disease was determined by postexercise ankle-brachial index (ABI) values; progression of peripheral occlusive arterial disease was determined by the rate of change in postexercise ABI. Patients who underwent peripheral arterial reconstructive surgery or amputation were also classified as having progression of their peripheral occlusive arterial disease. On this basis, follow-up revealed that peripheral occlusive arterial disease developed and therefore progressed in 1 (1%) of the control group and 22 (9%) of the DM. Peripheral occlusive arterial disease progressed in 31 (28%) of the POAD and 26 (26%) of the DM + POAD. The presence of peripheral occlusive arterial disease predisposes to progression of disease, and peripheral occlusive arterial disease is more likely to develop in diabetic patients who do not have peripheral occlusive arterial disease than in nondiabetic control subjects. However, the presence of diabetes mellitus in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease does not seem to increase the risk of progression.
Plasma Adiponectin Concentrations Are Independently Predicted by Fat Insulin Sensitivity in Women and by Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Men
Authors: Junlong Zhang, Richard I.G. Holt, Sarah H. Wild, Ruth B. Poole, Helen Holt, Christopher D. Byrne
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Adiponectin is an abundant plasma protein, mainly secreted by adipocytes and closely linked to insulin sensitivity (1–4). Plasma adiponectin independently correlates with insulin sensitivity (5). Since women have greater plasma adiponectin levels than men (5–7), we determined sex-specific differences in associations between plasma adiponectin and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, liver, and fat.

Plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured (intra-assay coefficient of variation <4%) in 28 men and 28 women (6 men and 6 women had impaired glucose tolerance according to World Health Organization criteria). Insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, liver, and fat was determined by insulin-mediated whole-body glucose disposal ( M values), suppression of hepatic glucose output evaluated during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and suppression of free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance …
On Bad Doctors
Authors: Michael A. LaCombe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

On Being A Doctor15 June 1991On Bad DoctorsMichael A. LaCombe, MDMichael A. LaCombe, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-12-1054 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe narrow road from Épinal to Provènchères is the most direct route and the most enchanting as well. Leaving the calm predictability of the upper Moselle, its asphalt races eastward seemingly without purpose, hardly noticing the licks and swirls of the Mortagne or the heavy warning of the chapel bells at Bruyères. Only after St. Diè does the road, now shaded on either side by the forests of the Vosges, slow to the climb ahead. Leaning first to this curve and now back into a left-ward ascent, as though undecided about the sanctuary of the mountains, the road at last... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael A. LaCombe, MDAffiliations: Oxford Hills Internal Medicine Group Norway, ME 04268From the Oxford Hills Internal Medicine Group, Norway, Maine. For the current author address, see end of text. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySomeone New and Something Old 15 June 1991Volume 114, Issue 12 Page: 1054-1056 Keywords Racial and ethnic issues ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 June 1991 Copyright & Permissions© 1991 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Conundrum of the HOPE study: Time of taking ramipril may account for lack of relation between blood pressure and outcome
Authors: R. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The conundrum of the HOPE (heart outcomes prevention evaluation) study is resolved.1 Why was there no relation between blood pressure and outcome? Answer: Because ramipril was taken at bedtime.

Separate papers in the BMJ and Lancet reported that risk reduction for stroke and cardiovascular end points in the HOPE study were much greater than could be accounted for by the small reduction in measured blood pressure.2 3 Both papers suggested that ramipril …
Operative Neurosurgery, vol 2, Posterior Fossa, Spinal Cord, and Peripheral Nerve Disease
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Volume 1 of this manual of operative neurosurgery dealt with craniotomy and treatment of various disorders of the regions above the tentorium. This second and concluding volume is concerned with all the rest of the nervous system—from suboccipital craniectomy to entrapment of the tibial nerve at the ankle. The approach is a regional one: posterior fossa tumors and vascular disorders, cordotomy and laminectomy (for trauma, tumor, and malformations), sympathetic nervous system, peripheral nerves, and finally cervical and lumbar (but not thoracic) root compression syndrome. For each subject, a page or two of detailed text is followed by a series of illustrations, many in color, of the detailed anatomy. Diagrams and horizontal sections through head, spine, or limb make the approaches clearer and make relationships stand out. As before, the techniques are the personal preferences of the author which, for the most part, are in current favor. The values and pitfalls