tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychological sequelae to elective sterilisation: a prospective study.
Authors: P Cooper, D Gath, N Rose, R Fieldsend
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A total of 201 women were interviewed four weeks before elective interval tubal sterilisation, of whom 190 (94.5%) were assessed again six months postoperatively and 193 (96.0%) 18 months postoperatively. Before sterilisation the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity as measured by the present state examination was 10.4% (21 patients), no greater than might be expected in a general population sample; six months after the operation the prevalence was significantly reduced to 4.7% (nine patients); and 18 months postoperatively it had returned almost to the preoperative value (9.3%; 18 patients). Postoperative psychosexual disturbance was rare, only 3% of patients reporting reduced enjoyment of sexual intercourse at either follow-up. Considerable regret was reported by only five patients (2.6%) six months after the operation and by eight (4.1%) 18 months after the operation; however, some dissatisfaction was reported by 15 patients (7.9%) at six months and 21 patients (10.9%) at 18 months. Postoperative psychiatric disturbance and dissatisfaction were largely associated with preoperative psychiatric disturbance. Thus there was no evidence that elective interval sterilisation increased the risk of psychiatric disturbance up to 18 months after the operation.
The action spectrum between 320 and 400 nm for clearance of psoriasis by psoralen photochemotherapy
Authors: P.M. FARR, B.L. DIFFEY, E.M. HIGGINS, J.N.S. MATTHEWS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

We have compared the effectiveness of oral 8-methoxypsoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) using ultraviolet fluorescent lamps with peak emission at either 325, 352 or 370 nm in the treatment of 24 Patients with psoriasis. The forearms of each patient were treated three times weekly with two of the three lamps. The erythmal sensitivity of each patient was tested before the first treatment to ensure that equally erythemal doses of radiation were given from each of the lamps. A side-to-side comparison was used to assess response to treatment at weekly intervals for the 6 weeks of the trial. The lamp with peak emission at 325 nm was shown to be significantly superior to either of the other lamps in terms of response assessed at weekly intervals, and time to clearance of psoriasis. An action spectrum, constructed from the median doses required for clearance of psoriasis using each of the lamps showed that the effectiveness of the radiation decreased exponentially with increasing wavelength throughout the UVA waveband, such that radiation at 320 nm was an order of magnitude more effective than at 360 nm. This suggests that lamps with peak emission around 325 nm will be more dfective than those conventionally used in PUVA units with a peak emission at 352 nm. Lamps with peak emission around 325 nm are also highly effective in the treatment of psoriasis with phototherapy alone. Thus a single treatment unit containing these lamps could be used either for PUVA or ultraviolet phototherapy of psoriasis, avoiding duplication or irradiation equipment.
The Caveolin-1 Binding Domain of HIV-1 Glycoprotein gp41 Is an Efficient B Cell Epitope Vaccine Candidate against Virus Infection
Authors: Ara G. Hovanessian, Jean-Paul Briand, Elias A. Said, Josette Svab, Stephane Ferris, Hayet Dali, Sylviane Muller, Claude Desgranges, Bernard Krust
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Effect of aerosol propellants and surfactants on airway resistance
Authors: G. M. Sterling, J. C. Batten
Journal: Thorax (1969)

The effects on the airways of inhalation of the vehicles used in two commercial pressurized bronchodilator aerosols were studied in 20 normal and seven asthmatic subjects. Changes in bronchial calibre due to bronchoconstriction were measured as changes in airway resistance using a constant volume whole body plethysmograph, and results were expressed as changes in the ratio Airway conductance/Thoracic gas volume (=specific airway conductance). The aerosols caused very slight bronchoconstriction in the normal subjects, with a mean decrease of 5·3% in specific airway conductance after inhalation of a spray containing sorbitol trioleate as a surface tension lowering agent, and of 9·7% after inhalation of a spray containing lecithin. This effect was prevented by prior inhalation of atropine methonitrate, and its mechanism was therefore probably a vagally mediated reflex. The bronchoconstriction was also reversed by the addition of isoprenaline to the aerosol. The asthmatic subjects showed larger mean reductions in specific airway conductance of 13% and 21% after sorbitol and lecithin respectively: the response was again prevented by atropine. We conclude that, although the aerosol vehicles cause slight bronchoconstriction, this is unlikely to be a clinical danger since it is insufficient to cause symptoms of wheezing, and is less than that caused by inhalation of a single cigarette. Moreover, the constriction is regularly converted to dilatation in both normal and asthmatic subjects by the addition of atropine or isoprenaline to the aerosol.
Presidential Address ON OSTEOPATHY, CHIROPRACTIC, AND MEDICINE: Delivered before the Medical Society of London
Authors: H. J. Waring
Journal: BMJ (1925)

XHENN I was elected presiden it of this society your secretary informed me that it wais the Custom for the ilncoming presi- dent to address you onl some general subject in coninexion with our profession.]i' discu-tssing with lim what might be a suitable subject, it was suggested that I should address you oni " Osteopathy, Chliropractic and -other Cults, and Medicine."This subject apl)pealed to mie tao a certain extent, since during the past tlhree or four-years I lhave had so many inquiries from medical friends-as to wlhat was the exact nature of osteopathy anid chiiropr-actic, what advan- tages anid results were to be gainIecl froni its emiployment, and what were its disadvantages and dangers.In order to miake myself as clear as possible 1 think it will be best for me to give you as a commencemiient defini- tions of both osteopathy aind chiropractic, and a statemiient of the prinieciples, or so-called principles, oni wliclh they are founded. OSTEOI'ATHY.Osteopatlhy is a system of treatinig disease without drugs, and is based on the belief that all disease is caused by some part of the hlumLai nmechlaniismii being out of proper adjust- ment or alignment, as ill the case, of a misplaced bone, cartilage, or ligament; or in tlhei case of adhesions or contrac- *tions of imiuscle resultinig in uinnatural lpressure on, or obstructioni to, a nerve, or a blood or lymnph vessel.This
High-dose cyclophosphamide in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia in children
Authors: Jos� Carlos Jaime-P�rez, Oscar Gonz�lez-Llano, David G�mez-Almaguer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

To the Editor: Mutations in the factor XI gene are responsible for a variable bleeding phenotype which correlates poorly with levels of circulating FXI product.We read with interest and concern an article published recently describing a novel nonsense mutation [1].The authors state in their discussion that "eighteen causative mutations of the congenital FXI deficiency have been reported: three nonsense mutations, ten missense mutations, and five splicing site abnormalities.Three nonsense mutations are located in exons 5 and 7, which truncate the proteins in the middle of the second and third apple domains, respectively".To our knowledge, prior to the publication of their paper, only two nonsense mutations had been described for the FXI gene, both in exon 5 [2,3].No nonsense mutation has been described in exon 7. Also, only three splicing site abnormalities have been described, not five [2,4] (Table I).Additionally, an important omission was the 14-bp type IV deletion described in Askenazi Jews [5].
Relation between lupus anticoagulant and splanchnic venous thrombosis in cirrhosis of the liver
Authors: F Violi, D Ferro, S Basili, A D'Angelo, G Mazzola, C Quintarelli, C Cordova
Journal: BMJ (1994)

While angiographic studies have indicated that splanchnic venous thrombosis rarely occurs in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, a postmortem study has shown that it may occur in up to a fifth.'We have shown that patients with cirrhosis have lupus anti- coagulant, which predisposes to venous and arterial thrombosis.2In this study we determined whether splanchnic venous thrombosis is associated with lupus anticoagulant in patients with cirrhosis.
Movers and shakers
Authors: Susan Mills, Fergus Shanahan, Catherine Stanton, Colin Hill, Aidan Coffey, R. Paul Ross
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

The human intestinal microbiota is one of the most densely populated ecosystems on Earth, containing up to 1013 bacteria/g and in some respects can be considered an organ itself given its role in human health. Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant replicating entities on the planet and thrive wherever their bacterial hosts exist. They undoubtedly influence the dominant microbial populations in many ecosystems including the human intestine. Within this setting, lysogeny appears to be the preferred life cycle, presumably due to nutrient limitations and lack of suitable hosts protected in biofilms, hence the predator/prey dynamic observed in many ecosystems is absent. On the other hand, free virulent phages in the gut are more common among sufferers of intestinal diseases and have been shown to increase with antibiotic usage. Many of these phages evolve from prophages of intestinal bacteria and emerge under conditions where their bacterial hosts encounter stress suggesting that prophages can significantly alter the microbial community composition. Based on these observations, we propose the "community shuffling" model which hypothesizes that prophage induction contributes to intestinal dysbiosis by altering the ratio of symbionts to pathobionts, enabling pathobiont niche reoccupation. The consequences of the increased phage load on the mammalian immune system are also addressed. While this is an area of intestinal biology which has received little attention, this review assembles evidence from the literature which supports the role of phages as one of the biological drivers behind the composition of the gut microbiota.
The underrated role of the “move system” in determining saccade latency
Authors: Michael C. Dorris, Douglas P. Munoz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The Findlay &amp; Walker target article emphasizes the role of the target-nonspecific “fixate” system while downplaying the role of the target-specific “move” system in determining saccade latency. We agree that disengagement of the fixate system is responsible for the target-nonspecific latency reduction associated with the gap effect. However, high target predictability and extensive training at a target location can also result in latency reductions, the culmination of this being express saccades. The target-specificity associated with the latter forms of latency reduction implicate a mechanism involving the move system. Recently discovered neurophysiological correlates underlying these behavioural phenomena reside in the superior colliculus.
Impaired flow-induced dilation in mesenteric resistance arteries from mice lacking vimentin.
Authors: D Henrion, F Terzi, K Matrougui, M Duriez, C M Boulanger, E Colucci-Guyon, C Babinet, P Briand, G Friedlander, P Poitevin, B I Lévy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The intermediate filament vimentin might play a key role in vascular resistance to mechanical stress. We investigated the responses to pressure (tensile stress) and flow (shear stress) of mesenteric resistance arteries perfused in vitro from vimentin knockout mice. Arteries were isolated from homozygous (Vim-/-, n = 14) or heterozygous vimentin-null mice (Vim+/-, n = 5) and from wild-type littermates (Vim+/+, n = 9). Passive arterial diameter (175+/-15 micron in Vim+/+ at 100 mmHg) and myogenic tone were not affected by the absence of vimentin. Flow-induced (0-150 microl/min) dilation (e. g., 19+/-3 micron dilation at 150 mmHg in Vim+/+) was significantly attenuated in Vim-/- mice (13+/-2 micron dilation, P < 0.01). Acute blockade of nitric oxide synthesis (NG-nitro- L-arginine, 10 microM) significantly decreased flow-induced dilation in both groups, whereas acute blockade of prostaglandin synthesis (indomethacin, 10 microM) had no significant effect. Mean blood pressure, in vivo mesenteric blood flow and diameter, and mesenteric artery media thickness or media to lumen ratio were not affected by the absence of vimentin. Thus, the absence of vimentin decreased selectively the response of resistance arteries to flow, suggesting a role for vimentin in the mechanotransduction of shear stress.
Prevention of lymphoedema after axillary surgery for breast cancer
Authors: A. Cheville
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Physiotherapy shows promise in a selected group of women

Lymphoedema is a potential complication of the treatment of primary breast cancer that reduces the quality of life of millions of breast cancer survivors.1 Cure is not possible and patients have a life long dependence on compression garments and other labour intensive treatments to prevent worsening of the condition’s hallmarks—arm swelling and discomfort. 

The recognition that more extensive surgery and radiation substantially increase a woman’s risk of developing lymphoedema has spurred on the development of treatments that lessen lymphatic injury, such as sentinel lymph biopsy.2 Nevertheless, about a third of patients with breast cancer present with lymph node positive disease and cannot benefit from these treatments because they need surgical clearance and perhaps irradiation of their axillary lymph nodes.3 As many as 60% of patients who undergo axillary lymph node resection and irradiation will eventually develop lymphoedema.4 Therefore, an intervention that could reduce the risk of lymphoedema after treatment would be an important advance. None is presently known.

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.b5396),5 Lacomba and colleagues report a randomised controlled trial that assessed the effectiveness of the …
Side-to-Side for "Steal"?
Authors: F. Brunnner, Alex Krneta
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1972Side-to-Side for "Steal"?F. BRUNNNER, ALEX KRNETAF. BRUNNNERSearch for more papers by this author, ALEX KRNETASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-2-325 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their report, "A Radial Steal Syndrome with Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis"Ann Intern Med75:387-394, 1971), J. A. Bussell, J. A. Abbott, and R. C. Lim put forward the hypothesis that steal of radial bloodflow to the fingers is a common occurrence and may be disabling in patients with side-to-side radial-cephalic arteriovenous anastomosis for chronic hemodialysis. The evidence from their very elaborate studies looks convincing, and their proposal to create preferentially end-to-side arteriovenous fistulas appears logical. Nevertheless, we should like to propose a different therapeutic approach that relies on the tenuous ground of a single observation....References1. SCHENKBAHNCORDELL WRA: The regional hemodynamics of experimental acute arteriovenous fistulas. Surg Gynecol Obstet 105:733-740, 1957 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. HOLMAN E: Abnormal arteriovenous communications, Circulation 32:1001-1009, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ABBOTT J: Medical staff conference: Hemodynamic consequences of an arteriovenous fistula. Calif Med. In press, 1972 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIntermittent claudication of the hand after creation of an arteriovenous fistula in the forearm 1 August 1972Volume 77, Issue 2Page: 325-326KeywordsFistulas ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Protests mount to cuts in translation services in the Netherlands
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Stargardt disease (STGD1; MIM 248200) is the most prevalent inherited macular dystrophy and is associated with disease-causing sequence variants in the gene <i>ABCA4</i>. Significant advances have been made over the last 10 years in our understanding of both the clinical and molecular features of STGD1, and also the underlying pathophysiology, which has culminated in ongoing and planned human clinical trials of novel therapies. The aims of this review are to describe the detailed phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the disease, conventional and novel imaging findings, current knowledge of animal models and pathogenesis, and the multiple avenues of intervention being explored.
Allopurinal and acute uric acid nephropathy.
Authors: R. W. Watts, P. J. Watkins, J. Q. Matthias, D. A. Gibbs
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Gentamicin-Barber and Waterworth MEDIISH AL 0O5 being those referred to above) and three were from wards in which neomycin-resistant infections already existed or subsequently occurred.Treatment of nasal carriers of these organisms presents a problem.Almost all are resistant also to penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin, there are obvious objections to the use of methicillin or chloramphenicol, fucidin is irritant as a nasal cream, and a small trial of vancomycin produced uncomfortable side-effects.White (1964) treated 20 nasal carriers with an ointment containing 1 or 3 mg. of gentamicin per gramme and found total suppression of staphylococci while treatment lasted, but a large proportion relapsed after it ceased.The use of gentamicin as a spray may well be more successful and fully justifies clinical trial. SummaryThe antibacterial activity of gentamicin has been examined and compared with that of related antibiotics.It has two promising properties: (1) consistently high activity against Ps.pyocyanea, exceeding that of either streptomycin or kanamycin; and (2) unimpaired activity against staphylococci resistant to neomycin and kanamycin- the majority of these strains (recent clinical isolates) were also resistant to bacitracin.
The reproducibility and sample size requirements of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction measurements
Authors: B. Dahlén, P.M. O'Byrne, R.M. Watson, A. Roquet, F. Larsen, M.D. Inman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Dry air exercise challenges are frequently used to screen medications that have potential utility in the management of exercise−induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). The purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility of three outcome measurements made using such challenges, and sample size requirements for drug evaluation studies based on these outcomes. Forty adult subjects with asthma, who tested positively on a screening exercise challenge, were subjected to two further identical challenges, separated by 1 to &gt;35 days. Outcome measurements included the maximum per cent fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ), after exercise (% fall max ), and the area under the per cent fall in FEV 1 /time curve for 30 min (AUC 30 ) and 60 min (AUC 60 ) after exercise. The reproducibility of these outcomes, as assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients was 0.72, 0.53 and 0.35 for % fall max , AUC 30 and AUC 60 measurements, respectively. The sample size requirements to demonstrate an attenuation of EIB equivalent to a 50% reduction in % fall max was 9, 14 and 19 subjects for the % fall max , AUC 30 and AUC 60 responses, respectively (90% power). It is concluded that the maximum percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second has greater reproducibility and results in greater power in clinical trials than area under the curve measurements. Sample size calculation curves are provided which may be used in study design and interpretation of published studies.
976-10 Fast-slow (Uncommon) Form of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT): New Classification Based on the Site of the Retrograde Slow AV Nodal Pathway
Authors: Hiroko Nawata, Naohito Yamamoto, Kazumasa Hiejima, Fumio Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The presence of an HLA-identical sibling donor has no impact on outcome of patients with high-risk MDS or secondary AML (sAML) treated with intensive chemotherapy followed by transplantation: results of a prospective study of the EORTC, EBMT, SAKK and GIMEMA Leukemia Groups (EORTC study 06921)
Authors: M Oosterveld, S Suciu, G Verhoef, B Labar, A Belhabri, C Aul, D Selleslag, A Ferrant, P Wijermans, F Mandelli, S Amadori, U Jehn, P Muus, R Zittoun, U Hess, Ö Anak, F Beeldens, R Willemze, T de Witte
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Lipid tails dictate NKT cell response
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Short lipid chains tweak the responses of natural killer T (NKT) cells by weakening the binding between the T cell receptor (TCR) and the lipid-presenting protein, report McCarthy et al. on page 1131.






Figure 1

Lipid antigens have to be long enough for cytotoxic granules (green) to move from the rear of NKT cells to the immunological synapse (left to right).




Lipid antigens are presented to NKT cells by the surface glycoprotein CD1d. These fatty antigens are composed of a hydrophilic head that is exposed to the TCR on the NKT cells, and two hydrophobic tails. Each tail—an acyl chain and a fatty acid chain—is tucked away inside separate grooves within the CD1d molecule.

Previous studies showed that shorter lipid chains destabilize the binding of the lipid antigen to CD1d. Whereas some of these short ligands simply reduce the ability of CD1d to activate an NKT cell, others switch the NKT response from interferonγ to interleukin-4 production.

McCarthy et al. now find that shortening either the acyl or the fatty acid chain destabilizes the CD1d-lipid complex. The shorter fatty acid chain, however, also reduces the binding affinity between the CD1d-lipid complex and the TCR. The NKT cells are therefore unable to induce clustering of CD1d-lipid complexes and fail to form a productive synapse with the antigen presenting cell. The authors propose that the stumpy fatty acid chain doesn't completely fill its CD1d groove, which consequently collapses. This new conformation might lead to a less stable interaction between the complex and the TCR.
Transient Vasopressin-Resistant Diabetes Insipidus of Pregnancy
Authors: William M. Barron, Loren H. Cohen, L. Arlie Ulland, William E. Lassiter, Edwin M. Fulghum, Dimitrios Emmanouel, Gary Robertson, Marshall D. Lindheimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

OSMOREGULATION is markedly altered in normal human pregnancy. Osmotic thresholds for both thirst and secretion of arginine vasopressin decrease, and plasma osmolality and sodium levels are reduced by 10 mOsm per kilogram and 4 mmol per liter, respectively, as compared with levels measured before pregnancy.1 2 3 Despite this lower osmolality, pregnant women maintain basal levels of plasma arginine vasopressin of 1 to 2 pg per milliliter — values similar to those of nongravid subjects — and concentrate their urine appropriately when they are dehydrated.3 , 4 This is all the more intriguing since two developments during normal gestation would be expected to interfere . . .