tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Factor and Vasopressin in High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Robert L. Cosby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

A diagnosis of acute high-altitude pulmonary edema was made in five male skiers (age, 35.0 +/- 1.8 years) by history and physical examination and was confirmed by a characteristic chest radiogram showing alveolar infiltrates associated with a normal cardiac silhouette. Five healthy age- and sex-matched subjects with similar physical activity at the same altitude served as controls. Plasma sodium was 135.0 +/- 1.5 mmol/L in the acutely ill patients compared with 144.0 +/- 3.3 mmol/L in the controls (P less than 0.025). Mean plasma atrial natriuretic factor immunoreactivity averaged 17.6 +/- 5.6 pmol/L in patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema compared with 6.8 +/- 0.7 pmol/L in the controls at the same altitude (P less than 0.05). Elevated atrial natriuretic factor levels normalized to 7.5 +/- 1.9 pmol/L (P less than 0.05) during recovery in Denver (altitude, 1600 meters) 24 hours later. Plasma arginine vasopressin levels were 1.8 +/- 0.37 pmol/L in patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema at diagnosis compared with 0.92 +/- 0.28 pmol/L in controls (P = 0.07). The inappropriately elevated arginine vasopressin levels decreased to 1.29 +/- 0.37 pmol/L during recovery (P less than 0.025), but the lowered plasma sodium concentration had not normalized by discharge within 24-hours of transfer to Denver and averaged 135.8 +/- 1.2 mmol/L. The pathophysiologic implications of these findings are discussed.
Cisplatin, Fluorouracil, and Docetaxel in Unresectable Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jan B. Vermorken, Eva Remenar, Carla van Herpen, Thierry Gorlia, Ricard Mesia, Marian Degardin, John S. Stewart, Svetislav Jelic, Jan Betka, Joachim H. Preiss, Danielle van den Weyngaert, Ahmad Awada, Didier Cupissol, Heinz R. Kienzer, Augustin Rey, Isabelle Desaunois, Jacques Bernier, Jean-Louis Lefebvre
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Phase 2 studies suggest that the standard regimen of cisplatin and fluorouracil (PF) plus docetaxel (TPF) improves outcomes in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. We compared TPF with PF as induction chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced, unresectable disease.We randomly assigned eligible patients between the ages of 18 and 70 years who had stage III or stage IV disease and no distant metastases to receive either TPF (docetaxel and cisplatin, day 1; fluorouracil by continuous infusion, days 1 to 5) or PF every 3 weeks for four cycles. Patients without progression of disease received radiotherapy within 4 to 7 weeks after completing chemotherapy. The primary end point was progression-free survival.A total of 358 patients underwent randomization, with 177 assigned to the TPF group and 181 to the PF group. At a median follow-up of 32.5 months, the median progression-free survival was 11.0 months in the TPF group and 8.2 months in the PF group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death in the TPF group, 0.72; P=0.007). Treatment with TPF resulted in a reduction in the risk of death of 27% (P=0.02), with a median overall survival of 18.8 months, as compared with 14.5 months in the PF group. There were more grade 3 or 4 events of leukopenia and neutropenia in the TPF group and more grade 3 or 4 events of thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, and hearing loss in the PF group. The rates of death from toxic effects were 2.3% in the TPF group and 5.5% in the PF group.As compared with the standard regimen of cisplatin and fluorouracil, induction chemotherapy with the addition of docetaxel significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with unresectable squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00003888 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Honorary Medical Degrees.
Authors: Francis R. Packard
Journal: JAMA (1897)

ion in our test case with the osteopaths.They had plenty of money and were ably defended, but after the proof was heard we never had any doubt as to the result.They are not only the most ignorant, but also the most unscrupulous lot of empirics with which we have yet had to contend in this State.Our law has now been in operation nearly four years.It has been tested upon every point and so far we have not failed to secure a conviction in each case tried.We convicted the Copeland people, the "K.& K.'s," and all other concerns of that kind doing business here, and are able to report that there is not now an itinerant or advertising doctor within the limits of the State.Very respectfully,
Gadd45a Suppresses Ras-Driven Mammary Tumorigenesis by Activation of c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase and p38 Stress Signaling Resulting in Apoptosis and Senescence
Authors: Jennifer S. Tront, Barbara Hoffman, Dan A. Liebermann
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The Gadd45 family of proteins is known to play a central role as cellular stress sensors that modulate the response of mammalian cells to stress inflicted by physiologic and environmental stressors. Gadd45a was shown to be a direct target to the p53 and BRCA1 tumor suppressor genes, whose loss of function is known to play a vital role in breast carcinogenesis; however, the role of Gadd45a in the suppression of breast cancer remains unclear. To address this issue, Gadd45a-deficient mice were crossed with breast cancer prone mouse mammary tumor virus–Ras mice to generate mice that express activated Ras and differ in their Gadd45a status. Using this mouse model, we show that the loss of Gadd45a accelerates Ras-driven mammary tumor formation, exhibiting increased growth rates and a more aggressive histologic phenotype. Moreover, it is shown that accelerated Ras-driven tumor formation in the absence of Gadd45a results in both a decrease in apoptosis, which is linked to a decrease in c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and a decrease in Ras-induced senescence, which is correlated with a decrease in p38 kinase activation. Altogether, these results provide a novel model for the tumor-suppressive function of Gadd45a in the context of Ras-driven breast carcinogenesis, showing that Gadd45a elicits its function through activation of the stress-induced JNK and p38 kinases, which contribute to increase in apoptosis and Ras-induced senescence. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8448-54)
Towards More Accurate Blood Pressure Readings
Authors: Denis Abelson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The accompanying illustration shows a device that facilitates the determination of blood pressures when both patient and observers are seated, as in a doctor's office. A hole is drilled in the upper platform of the jack and the base of the sphygmomanometer, the two components being fastened together with a nut and bolt to form a rigid unit. With the adjustable jack, the instrument is raised until the mercury meniscus is at or near the same horizontal level as the eye, thus reducing errors due to parallax. Accuracy is also improved because the observer is seated more comfortably.
Sensitivity of lymphocytes to prostaglandin E2 increases in subjects over age 70.
Authors: J S Goodwin, R P Messner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We examined the sensitivity of lymphocytes from different age groups to inhibition by prostaglandin E2. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 healthy subjects over the age of 70 were much more sensitive to inhibition by exogenously added prostaglandin E2 than were cells from 17 young controls (ID50 congruent to 10 nM for the subjects over 70 vs. greater than 3 micronM for the young controls). The more senstivie lymphocytes from a subject over 70 were to prostaglandin E2, the lower was his or her response to phytohemagglutinin (r = 0.75, P less than 0.01). The mean responses to phytohemagglutinin of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the subjects over 70 were significantly depressed compared to the young controls. Addition of indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, to the cultures resulted in an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation of 140 +/- 16% in the cells of the subjects over 70 vs. a 36 +/- 3% increase in the young controls (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.001). The mean phytohemagglutinin response of the subjects over 70 was 40% of the control response without indomethacin. With addition of indomethacin the response of subjects over 70 rose to 72% of control. Thus, increased sinsitivity to prostaglandin E2 appears to be responsible in part for the depressed mitogen response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects over 70.
Leuprolide Therapy for Prostate Cancer An Association with Scintigraphic “Flare” on Bone Scan
Authors: WILLIAM D. JOHNS, MARC B. GARNICK, WILLIAM D. KAPLAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The scintigraphic "flare" phenomenon on bone imaging refers to an increase in intensity of tracer uptake in sites of bone metastases and/or the appearance of "new" lesions, which occur shortly after commencement of hormonal therapy or chemotherapy for breast, prostate, or lung cancer. In this study, we observed that scintigraphic flare can occur in patients with prostate cancer following treatment with the "hormone-like" luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog, leuprolide acetate. Twenty-six patients with prostate cancer being treated with leuprolide acetate underwent serial bone scans at three-month intervals. Five (19.2%) of the 26 patients had findings consistent with a scintigraphic flare on bone scans obtained between three and six months after initiation of therapy. These scan findings should not be confused with progression of skeletal metastases.
Montelukast Sodium Treatment Inhibits IL-10 Production By Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) In Asthmatic Children During Allergen Immunotherapy
Authors: P MAJAK, J JERZYNSKA, W SCIBIOREK, J KACZMAREK, T GRZELEWSKI, P KUNA, I STELMACH
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Nasal Gouty Tophus
Authors: Michael R. Rask
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While collections of irritating, autologous, serum uric acid in unusual locations have been reported before, a case of symptomatic gouty tophus of the nose has not been annotated previously to our knowledge. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 66-year-old man has been in good health all of his life except for hyperlipoproteinemia and gout. Having known that he had gouty arthritis, he has been receiving probenecid since it was first released for medical use. His practitioner attempted to convert his therapy to allopurinol, but it stirred up his gout so much that the patient refused ever to try the medication again. Gradually over a three-year period the patient noticed that the bridge of his nose had become enlarged and that his eyeglasses no longer fit, causing diplopia (Fig 1). Because of this problem and its interference with the patient's driving, the tophus was removed surgically (Fig 2). Roentgenograms
Getting it right for children: a review of UNICEF joint health and nutrition strategy for 2006–15
Authors: Jennifer Bryce, Shams El Arifeen, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Robert E Black, Mariam Claeson, Duff Gillespie, Jean-Pierre Habicht, Gareth Jones, Claudio F Lanata, Saul S Morris, Hassan Mshinda, George Pariyo, Gordon Perkin, Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg, Richard W Steketee, Hans Troedsson, Cesar G Victora, Davidson R Gwatkin
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
Conditions for vasodilator-induced coronary steal in experimental myocardial ischemia.
Authors: L C Becker
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The conditions for coronary steal were determined using the two vasodilators--dipyridamole and nitroglycerin--in anesthetized dogs after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Previous studies have shown that when the non-ligated coronary arteries are normal, collateral flow increases after dipyridamole. This study utilized a model in which the distal LAD was ligated and the proximal LAD and left circumflex (LC) arteries were stenosed. Heart rate and blood pressure were kept constant. In 20 dogs, 1-1.5 mg/kg dipyridamole caused a decrease in flow to the ischemic region as measured by radioactive microspheres (0.19 to 0.14 ml/min/g, P = 0.05) while flow increased four-fold to surrounding nonischemic myocardium. The decrease in collateral flow was confined to the epicardial half of the ischemic region (0.26 to 0.14 ml/min/g, P less than 0.001) and was associated with an increase in sigmaST from 30.9 to 44.7 mV (P less than 0.01). In five dogs nitroglycerin, 5 microgram/kg/min, produced no significant changes in collateral flow or flow to other parts of the LV, and sigmaST was unchanged. Vasodilator-induced coronary steal therefore appears to require 1) an arteriolar-type dilator like dipyridamole and 2) stenoses of the arteries supplying collateral flow to the ischemic region. The steal phenomenon is probably caused by a decrease in pressure distal to the stenoses in these vessels, resulting in reduced driving pressure for collateral flow.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) Normalizes Macrophage (MØ) Programming And Efferocytosis In Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) Via IL-4 Dependent Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)g Activation
Authors: R.F. Fernandez-Boyanapalli, C.S. Frasch, D.L. Bratton
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL LESION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PRODUCED BY A COMPLEX OF C POLYSACCHARIDE FROM GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: John H. Schwab
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Rabbits presumably sensitized to components of the streptococcal cell by natural contact with cross-reactive microbial antigens in their environment, display distinctive phases of evolving allergic response to an extract of streptococcal cells. Animals under 4 weeks of age show no gross allergic skin reaction; this is followed successively by age periods in which allergic reactions become most prominent at 4 hours, 23 hours, or 2 to 4 days after injection. A relapsing nodular lesion, produced by cell wall components in the cell extract, occurs in neonatal rabbits which display no hypersensitivity, reaches a peak response in young animals during the period of most active growth, and decreases in severity in older rabbits while the degree of hypersensitivity is increasing. Relapses occur with greater frequency in neonatal than in older rabbits. Passive transfer of spleen cells or serum from sensitized adult rabbits has no influence on the nodular reaction in neonatal animals.
Expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1 and CTLA4 in myelodysplastic syndromes is enhanced by treatment with hypomethylating agents
Authors: Hui Yang, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Courtney DiNardo, Marcos R Estecio, Masoud Davanlou, Qi-Rong Geng, Zhihong Fang, Martin Nguyen, Sherry Pierce, Yue Wei, Simrit Parmar, Jorge Cortes, Hagop Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Pulmonary function, activated T cells, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and serum activity for eosinophil survival in vitro: A longitudinal study in bronchial asthma
Authors: None Virchow, None Oehling, None Boer, None Hansel, None Werner, None Matthys, None Blaser, None Walker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)
Multimodal treatment in operable breast cancer
Authors: A. Rossi
Journal: BMJ (1982)

4year (observed a difference=4-3/.5 year (predicted) difference-12 2%o 1 2 3 4 5 Years after mastectomy Redrawn survival curve (from fig 2, Rossi et all).Open squares= survival in CMF group as originally plotted.Closed squares= survival in CMF group redrawn.Open circles= survival in control group as originally plotted.Closed circles= survival in control group redrawn.group worsens suddenly to give the final difference of 12-2%.The study closed in 1975, and the report is in 1981, which means that follow up for five years should have been complete.The survival difference is marginal when the data from complete follow up are used as the comparison.Our third point is that local recurrence alone occurred less frequently in the groups given cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) (87o% versus 11*7%°).The local recurrence figures should really be deducted from the recurrence free survival data since avoidance of solitary local recur- rence is not the objective of chemotherapy- radiotherapy is an effective preventive measure.In view of the importance of the study we feel that clarification of these points is needed.
Research Councils UK issues tougher guidelines on research conduct
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Research Councils UK has issued more explicit guidelines on the conduct that it expects from holders of its members’ research grants.1 Unlike the document it replaces, published in 2009, it also outlines the likely penalties facing individuals and institutions that knowingly break the rules.

“We want to be seen to be tougher, but there’s a balance to be struck,” said Dr Tony Peatfield, director of corporate affairs at the Medical Research Council. “The more you threaten sticks rather than carrots, the greater the temptation for institutions to bury stuff. …
Challenge-proven aspirin hypersensitivity in children with chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Ozlem Cavkaytar, Ebru Arik Yilmaz, Betul Buyuktiryaki, Bulent E. Sekerel, Cansin Sackesen, Ozge U. Soyer
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) exacerbated cutaneous disease is defined as the exacerbation of wheals and/or angioedema in patients with a history of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The objective of this study was to define 'aspirin-hypersensitive' children and adolescents in a clearly defined group of patients with CSU and to describe their clinical features. Methods Eighty-one children with a history of CSU were enrolled over a 3-year period. The daily or almost daily (>4 days a week) presence of urticaria was defined as 'chronic persistent urticaria' (CPU), while the presence of urticaria for 2–4 days a week was defined as 'chronic recurrent urticaria' (CRU). Single-blind, placebo-controlled provocation tests (SBPCPTs) with aspirin were performed for children with CSU. Results Patients with CRU had a longer duration of cutaneous symptoms [1.6 (0.5–4) vs 0.6 (0.3–1.5) years], and stress was less frequently experienced as an eliciting factor in patients with CRU compared with the patients with CPU (P < 0.016, P = 0.024, respectively). SBPCPTs with aspirin revealed that 14 of 58 patients (24%) with CPU and one of 10 patients with CRU (10%) were aspirin hypersensitive. Aspirin hypersensitivity rate was 26.5% in patients <12 years of age. All of the 15 aspirin-hypersensitive patients (aged between 6.6 and 17.4 years), except for three, experienced an unequivocal angioedema of the lips as a positive reaction in SBPCPT. Conclusions Nearly a quarter of children and adolescents with CSU were hypersensitive to aspirin. For children with chronic urticaria, determination of NSAID hypersensitivity in a well-controlled clinical setting will help to avoid severe drug hypersensitivity reactions.
Abstract 3607: Differential protein expression and miR content of sorted subsets of circulating microvesicles from cancer patients and healthy controls
Authors: Shannon E. Smith, Daniel A. Holterman, Kirk M. Brown, Janet E. Duncan, Jason Zhong, Adam Stark, Meredith Millis, Teresa Tinder, David Spetzler
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that are 20 to 25 nucleotides in length and regulate expression of entire families of genes. A major source of circulating miRs in cancer patients is believed to be circulating microvesicles (cMV) within biologic fluids such as blood. The transfer of these modifiers of RNA translation from diseased cells into the bloodstream can have broad impacts on disease detection, progression and/or prognosis. The goal of these studies was to determine whether there are differences in miR composition within different subpopulations of cMV based on surface protein composition. We used flow cytometry to phenotype and sort plasma-derived cMV from 20 individuals (3 breast cancer, 2 lung cancer, 6 prostate cancer, 1 bladder cancer and 6 non-cancer controls). cMV were stained for proteins associated with membranes such as tetraspanins (CD9, 63, 81) Ago2 and/or GW182 using a Beckman Coulter MoFlo XDP. For phenotypic analysis, events were gated on tetraspanin expression to distinguish cMV from nano-sized irrelevant debris, and co-expression of GW182 and Ago2 was determined. Quadrant-based sorting was performed for single- and double-positive events. miR content was determined using conventional Taqman probes with the ABI 7900 thermal cycler on extracted RNA from the sorted cMV. The results of these studies demonstrate that unfractionated cMV were not able to discriminate cancers from non-cancers using miRs-let-7a, -16, -22, -148a or -451 in this population of patients. When sorted tetraspanin+, Ago2+ and/or GW182+ populations of cMV were compared, miR expression was generally 5-fold higher in cancer patients than in healthy controls. These studies demonstrate that cMV can be consistently phenotyped, analyzed and sorted using a flow cytometer and that subpopulations of cMV contain unique miR profiles which can be useful in distinguishing cancer plasma from non-cancer plasma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3607. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3607
Significant tricuspid regurgitation is a marker for adverse outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous ballon mitral valvuloplasty
Authors: Alex Sagie, Ehud Schwammenthal, John B. Newell, Lari Harrell, Talbot B. Joziatis, Arthur E. Weyman, Robert A. Levine, Igor F. Palacios
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
IMPACT OF SEVERE DYSPNEA ON OUTCOMES AND HEALTH CARE COSTS IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Robert J. Mentz, Xiaojuan Mi, Adam DeVore, Laura Qualls, Puza P. Sharma, Katherine Waltman, Gregg Fonarow, Lesley Curtis, Adrian Hernandez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The history of box ticking
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2006)

No one knows when or where the first human being ticked the first box. The word “tick” does not appear in the Bible. Archaeologists have found no traces of boxes—ticked, crossed, or otherwise—in Egyptian papyruses, French caves, or Asian temples. Someone has even proposed the highly implausible theory that in the past great civilisations flourished without questionnaires.

Aerial photography in Peru, however, has revealed regular rows …
Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in the Skin from Patients with Maculopapular Exanthema to Drugs
Authors: T.D. Fernández, C. Mayorga, J.A. Cornejo-García, M.J. Torres, C. Rondon, R. R-Pena, S. López, E. Martín, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)