tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of bile acid transport and synthesis in oval cells from carcinogen-fed rats
Authors: Matthias Blumrich, Renate Pack, Franz Oesch, Ernst Petzinger, Pablo Steinberg
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Freshly isolated oval cells, which we obtained from the livers of rats fed a choline-deficient/DL-ethionine-supplemented diet, did not transport bile acids. Compared with freshly isolated rat hepatocytes they took up only negligible amounts of [3H]taurocholate or [14C]cholate. The cells bound small amounts of radioactive bile acids. This portion of the total cell-associated radioactivity was enhanced on membrane permeabilization. In contrast to cultured liver parenchymal cells from untreated rats, no bile acid synthesis was detected in cultured oval cells. Cultured oval cells also lost the ability to conjugate exogenously added cholate (100 mumol/L) with taurine or glycine. However, when liver parenchymal cells were isolated from carcinogen-fed rats, bile acid uptake was diminished compared with that in hepatocytes from control animals. In particular, the maximum values of taurocholate and cholate uptake were decreased by 75% and 50%, respectively, whereas the Michaelis-Menten constant values were not altered. The study demonstrates that (a) oval cells lack typical liver parenchymal cell-specific properties such as bile acid uptake, bile acid synthesis and conjugation of bile acids with taurine/glycine and therefore do not contribute to bile acid dependent bile formation (b) proliferating in livers of rats fed a choline-deficient/DL-ethionine-supplemented diet are part of the bile duct epithelial cell compartment); and (c) bile acid uptake is reduced in liver parenchymal cells of rats fed a choline deficient/DL-ethionine-supplemented diet, and this effect is due to a decrease in transport capacity without a decrease in transport affinity.
Thyroid cancer has increased 12-fold in women since Chernobyl
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Rates of thyroid cancer among women in Belarus have increased up to 12-fold since the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, near Kiev, Ukraine, in April 1986.

Among young women aged under 14 in higher risk areas of the republic the rates have increased almost 30-fold since the disaster, new research has shown.

“This study documents dramatic increases in the incidence of thyroid cancer among both higher …
Ischemic preconditioning of the murine liver protects through the Akt kinase pathway
Authors: Kunihiko Izuishi, Allan Tsung, Mohammad Akram Hossain, Masao Fujiwara, Hisao Wakabayashi, Tsutomu Masaki, Timothy R. Billiar, Hajime Maeta
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in the settings of transplantation, trauma, and elective liver resection. Ischemic preconditioning has been used as a strategy to reduce inflammation and organ damage from I/R of the liver. However, the mechanisms involved in this process are poorly understood. We examined the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase/Akt-signaling pathway during hepatic ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Prior to a prolonged warm ischemic insult, BALB/c mice were subjected to a 20-minute IPC period consisting of 10 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion. Mice undergoing IPC demonstrated a significantly greater level and earlier activation of Akt in the liver compared with control animals. IPC also resulted in markedly less hepatocellular injury and improved survival compared with control animals. Akt activation associated with hepatic IPC suppressed the activity of several modulators of apoptosis, including Bad, glycogen synthase kinase beta, and caspase-3. In addition, IPC also inhibited the activities of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor kappaB after I/R. Pretreatment of mice with PI3 kinase inhibitors completely abolished Akt phosphorylation and the protective effects seen with IPC. In conclusion, these results indicate that the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway plays an essential role in the protective effects of IPC in hepatic I/R injury. Modulation of this pathway may be a potential strategy in clinical settings of ischemic liver injury to decrease organ damage.
Gene Therapy Fulfilling Its Promise
Authors: Donald B. Kohn, Fabio Candotti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

From its earliest conception, gene therapy held the promise of correcting inherited diseases by inserting a normal copy of the relevant gene into somatic cells.1 Common monogenic diseases of blood cells, such as sickle cell disease or β-thalassemia, were originally considered important candidates for gene therapy because they were well understood at the molecular level and because the target cell, the hematopoietic stem cell, is easily accessible and can be explanted, genetically corrected in the laboratory, and then retransplanted.2 The advantage of gene therapy over the conventional transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from compatible donors is that gene therapy is . . .
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: E. L. Manning
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Your editorial on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss ( 195 :1054, 1966) brought up the thought that conditions which take many years to produce could be very difficult to verify experimentally. I find that anyone in a vocation entailing noise usually has a hearing loss after working a number of years in it. Farmers (tractors without mufflers), policemen (target practice), carpenters (pounding nails, power saws), machinists (pounding on metal), and foundry workers usually show a fairly severe loss after five years. Of course, all they notice at first is that their wives always mumble. I wonder if the noise level at 2 feet from a hammer pounding on a metal bar isn't considerably more than 85 db or if even the sound reaching Beethoven's ears from the piano wouldn't be more than that, especially after his hearing was impaired enough so that it had to be louder for him to
A circulating anticoagulant in gamma-1A-multiple myeloma: its modification by penicillin.
Authors: H I Glueck, R Hong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

This report is concerned with the presence of an inhibitor of antihemophiliac globulin (AHG, VIII) in a patient with multiple myeloma.Al- though inhibitors against AHG have been de- scribed in a variety of disorders (1-4), to our knowledge they have not been described in mye- loma.The inhibitory capacity was confined to those fractions of the patient's plasma that contained YlAprotein and was lost when the myeloma protein was adsorbed from the plasma by specific antise- rum.Penicillin in vivo and penicillamine in vitro reversed the inhibition. MethodsSamples were collected in 0.1 M sodium citrate, 1 vol of anticoagulant being used for each 9 vol of blood.Clotting methods.Bleeding time was measured by the Ivy method (5), clotting time by the 3 tube Lee-White method in glass tubes (6).Platelets were enu- merated by the method of Dameshek (7).The one-stage prothrombin was determined by the Quick assay (8), with rabbit brain thromboplastin.1In one instance the thromboplastin was serially diluted 1/10, 1/100, and 1/1,000 with saline, and the prothrombin time then de- termined with the diluted thromboplastin.Prothrombin content was determined by the p-toluensulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester (TAMe) synthetic substrate method (9) and prothrombin consumption by a modification of the *
SPIRONOLACTONE IMPROVES SUBENDOCARDIAL MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION, INCREASES MYOCARDIAL ENERGY SUPPLY, AND REVERSES LV REMODELING IN NONISCHEMIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Susan P. Bell, Douglas Adkisson, Mark Lawson, Li Wang, Henry Ooi, Douglas Sawyer, Marvin Kronenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Youth Experimentation With e-Cigarettes
Authors: Raymond S. Niaura, Thomas J. Glynn, David B. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
D1-02: Initial results from an intergroup phase III trial evaluating two different doses of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with limited small cell cancer (SCLC) in complete remission (PCI99-01, IFCT 99-01, EORTC 22003-08004, RTOG 0212)
Authors: Cecile Le Pechoux, Suresh Senan, Elisabeth Quoix, Aaron Wolfson, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Tudor Ciuleanu, Rinus Wanders, Francois Lesaunier, Caroline Tissing, Agnes Laplanche
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Retraction: (–)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Prevents Photocarcinogenesis in Mice through Interleukin-12–Dependent DNA Repair
Authors: Syed M. Meeran, Sudheer K. Mantena, Craig A. Elmets, Santosh K. Katiyar
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

We have shown previously that topical application of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol of green tea, prevents photocarcinogenesis in mice. EGCG prevents UVB-induced immunosuppression by inducing interleukin-12 (IL-12). As immunosuppression is a risk factor for photocarcinogenesis, we investigated the possibility that EGCG also prevents UVB-induced photocarcinogenesis through an IL-12-dependent DNA repair mechanism. To investigate this possibility, we determined the effects of EGCG on photocarcinogenesis in IL-12 knockout (KO) mice using the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) as an indicator of the extent of UVB-induced DNA damage. Topical application of EGCG (1 mg/cm(2) skin) prevented photocarcinogenesis in wild-type (C3H/HeN) mice in terms of tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity but did not prevent photocarcinogenesis in IL-12 KO mice. UVB-induced DNA damage, as determined by the formation of CPDs and the number of sunburn cells, was resolved more rapidly in the skin of wild-type mice treated with EGCG than untreated control mice. In contrast, the extent of UVB-induced DNA damage and the numbers of sunburn cells were not significantly different in the EGCG-treated IL-12 KO mice and untreated control mice. In addition, treatment of XPA-proficient human fibroblast cells with EGCG promoted repair of UVB-induced CPDs in a dose-dependent manner but not in an XPA-deficient cells, indicating that the nucleotide excision repair mechanism is involved in EGCG-mediated DNA repair. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that EGCG can prevent photocarcinogenesis through an EGCG-induced IL-12-dependent DNA repair mechanism.
Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and transient renal failure. Results of cytotoxic treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: David S. Ettinger, William G. Harker, Hubert W. Gerry, Roger C. Sanders, Rein Saral
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia following the initiation of cytotoxic therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been reported.<sup>1-3</sup>Renal insufficiency of varying degree occurs in this setting.<sup>1-2</sup>We report a case of severe transient renal failure associated with hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 21-year-old man was admitted to The Johns Hopkins Hospital with a one-month history of increasing weakness, dyspnea, intermittent fever with night sweats, and hematemesis associated with epigastric pain. The blood pressure was 100/70 mm Hg; pulse rate was regular at 112 beats per minute; the respirations were 24/min; and the temperature was 37.4 °C. The patient appeared chronically ill. Results of physical examination showed cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. The lungs were clear to auscultation except for decreased breath sounds at the bases. The abdomen was normal; however, the liver and spleen were enlarged. Neurological examination showed bilateral
HIV-Infected Surgeons
Authors: Gary C. Burget
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Dr Orentlicher 1 effectively underscored the need to address many issues surrounding the intraoperative transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Little dialogue has surfaced regarding the possibility of virtual elimination of risk through modification of surgical technique. The transfer of body fluids in the operating room can occur when a sharp instrument, usually a solid surgical needle, penetrates both the patient's skin and the surgeon's gloved hand. During an operation, the surgeon's dominant hand holds a scalpel, needle holder, or scissors and therefore makes no contact with the surgical needle, while the nondominant hand (1) exerts counterpressure to propel the needle through the tissues, (2) extracts the needle from the wound, (3) pulls the suture through the tissues, and (4) positions the needle in the jaws of the needle holder. It is in the performance of these four maneuvers that percutaneous needle injuries occur. A surgical
ANTAGONISTIC ACTION OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY EXTRACT AND INSULIN
Authors: ROBERT C. MOEHLIG
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Sufficient experimental and clinical data are at hand to prove that the pituitary gland is related to carbohydrate metabolism. Goetsch, Cushing and Jacobson 1 noted that injections of posterior pituitary extract produced glycosuria, and Achard, Ribot and Binet 2 also found that injections of this extract caused glycosuria. The latter likewise noted that the hyperglycemia produced by intravenous glucose solutions was increased by the simultaneous injections of pituitary extract. It is logical, therefore, to study the effects of posterior pituitary extract and insulin on blood sugar. Burn 3 studied this problem, proving that the pituitary extract has a powerful antagonistic effect on the lowering of blood sugar produced by insulin. His conclusions, in part, are that subcutaneous injections of posterior pituitary extract given simultaneously with injections of insulin diminish or abolish the fall of sugar produced by the latter. The doses of pituitary extract used do not, when given alone,
Imaging Patients with Psychosis and a Mouse Model Establishes a Spreading Pattern of Hippocampal Dysfunction and Implicates Glutamate as a Driver
Authors: Scott A. Schobel, Nashid H. Chaudhury, Usman A. Khan, Beatriz Paniagua, Martin A. Styner, Iris Asllani, Benjamin P. Inbar, Cheryl M. Corcoran, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Holly Moore, Scott A. Small
Journal: Neuron (2013)
EXPERIMENTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC ANTISERA FOR INFECTIONS OF UNKNOWN CAUSE
Authors: Peyton Rous, Oswald H. Robertson, Jean Oliver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

Attempts to produce antisera in animals to combat specific infections are usually deferred until the cause of the infection has been isolated and grown in pure culture to furnish antigen. It has seemed to us that the fulfillment of these conditions might in some cases be rendered unnecessary through the use of infected tissue itself as an antigen, combined with selective absorption of the antiserum to rid it of elements injurious to the species furnishing the tissue. In order to test this possibility type experiments have been carried out with immune sera effective against known antigens of three different sorts: 1. Sera resulting from the injection of rabbits and a goat with normal guinea pig tissues and a bacterial hemotoxin, the megatheriolysin described by Todd, which hemolyzes guinea pig cells. The sera possessed strong antitoxins for the megatheriolysin but were fatal to guinea pigs. By the method of selective absorption they were rendered innocuous to these animals and were successfully used to protect them from lethal doses of the megatheriolysin. 2. Anti-rabbit dog sera containing antibodies protective against pneumococcus infection. Such sera, subjected to repeated absorption with rabbit red cells, proved capable of protecting mice from pneumococcus infection in exactly the same degree as the unexhausted serum; that is to say, they protected against 100 times the dose of pneurnococci that was fatal with normal dog serum. 3. The serum of a monkey recovered from poliomyelitis and repeatedly injected with human red cells and extract of placental tissue. This serum, after selective absorption with human red cells, protected a monkey against an intracerebral dose of poliomyelitic virus fatal to eight other monkeys given it with normal monkey or human serum. The results in these instances, purposely chosen for their simplicity, would seem to indicate for the absorption method some usefulness in the study of immunity to infections of unknown cause. In Part II of our paper the method is applied to one such infection; namely, a sarcoma of the fowl engendered by a filterable agent. A general discussion will be found in connection with this portion of the work.
The Med Tech Explains the Differential
Authors: Jackie Bartley
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thrombin generation and activity during thrombolysis and concomitant heparin therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Piera Angelica Merlini, Kenneth A Bauer, Luigi Oltrona, Diego Ardissino, Alessandra Spinola, Marco Cattaneo, Marco Broccolino, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Robert D Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Cholesterol Production in Obesity
Authors: TATU A. MIETTINEN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Sterol-balance studies were performed in 10 control subjects, 10 normolipidemic obese patients, and 10 hypertriglyceridemic (type IV, mostly obese) patients on a low-cholesterol solid-food diet. Fecal elimination of cholesterol was markedly elevated in the overweight patients and tended to be high in the hypertriglyceridemic subjects also. A significant correlation was found between body weight and fecal excretion of neutral, acidic, and total steroids, indicating that the greater the body weight the higher was the rate of cholesterol synthesis. Sterol-balance data in obese subjects showed that excess daily cholesterol production roughly amounted to 20 mg/kg of adipose tissue. The control subjects produced only 12 mg/kg of body weight daily. Thus, obesity is associated with an increased rate of cholesterol synthesis in man. However, the correlation between serum cholesterol concentration and cholesterol production was low, suggesting that the overall rate of cholesterol synthesis was not the only factor determining the serum cholesterol level. That enhanced cholesterol production is not an irreversible phenomenon in obese subjects was indicated by the normalization of sterol-balance values in three overweight patients after their weights had been reduced by total fast followed by a low-calorie diet.
Gene transfer of a phospholamban-targeted antibody improves calcium handling and cardiac function in heart failure
Authors: T DIETERLE, M MEYER, Y GU, D BELKE, E SWANSON, M IWATATE, J HOLLANDER, K PETERSON, J ROSSJR, W DILLMANN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Abnormalities of intracellular calcium handling are widely recognized as a common hallmark of heart failure in animal models and humans. Modifying the interaction of phospholamban (PLB) with the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase (SERCA) by PLB mutants improves cardiac function but may also lead to heart failure. In this study we describe the in vivo effects of a new approach to modify the PLB-SERCA interaction using a recombinant, intracellularly expressed chicken-antibody derived protein (PLADP) targeting the cytoplasmic domain of PLB in the cardiomyopathic BIO 14.6 hamster.In vivo gene transfer was performed in 12-14-week-old BIO 14.6 cardiomyopathic hamsters using intracoronary delivery of adenovirus containing the PLADP or the beta-galactosidase (LacZ) gene (8 x 10(9) PFU per animal). A third group was injected with saline (Sham). Echocardiography was performed before and, together with hemodynamic measurements, repeated 4-5 days after gene transfer. Indo-1 calcium transients and myocyte contractility were measured in isolated cardiomyocytes from the BIO 14.6 hamster transfected with the PLADP. Gene expression (LacZ) was found in 54+/-15% of cells throughout the heart without any signs of myocardial inflammation. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic indices of left ventricular function were significantly increased after gene transfer with the PLADP, compared to controls. Measurements of myocyte contractility and calcium transients in isolated cardiac myocytes from BIO 14.6 hamsters revealed improved intracellular calcium handling and contractility.In vivo adenoviral gene transfer with the PLADP resulted in short-term intracellular expression of a PLADP, improving LV function and enhancing myocardial contractility in the failing cardiomyopathic hamster heart. The PLADP enhanced contractility and cardiac function by improving intracellular calcium handling. Expression of antibody-derived protein represents a new approach to modify protein-protein interactions at the cellular level.
Serum screening for Down's syndrome. ...but time consuming and expensive.
Authors: J M Ibison
Journal: BMJ (1993)

distress.This test, with a positive predictive value of less than 3%,4 will generate many false positive results.Women who receive a positive result from a screening test are entitled to much greater support than they now receive.The costs of such a service would, however, outweigh the benefits of routine screening.Districts now considering the introduction of such a programme should bear in mind the maxim quoted by Marteau: "first do no harm.