tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognosis for infants born at 23 to 28 weeks' gestation.
Authors: V Y Yu, H L Loke, B Bajuk, W Szymonowicz, A A Orgill, J Astbury
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The survival and neurodevelopmental outcome of 356 extremely preterm infants born at 23 to 28 weeks9 gestation were reported by week of gestation. Their corrected 1 year survival improved from 7% at 23 weeks to 75% at 28 weeks. The overall incidence of impairment was 19% and of major disability 12%. Boys had a significantly lower normal survival than girls. Multiple births had a significantly lower survival and higher incidence of impairment than singleton births. Predictions of outcome were made before delivery, after resuscitation, and at 1 week to aid the development of guidelines on when perinatal intensive care is justified, whether obstetric intervention for fetal reasons is warranted, and what initial and ongoing prognoses to give to parents. Intensive care for progressively smaller and more immature infants, many of whom were previously considered non-viable, needs to be carefully monitored by every perinatal centre.
Asthma exacerbations during pregnancy: incidence and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: V E Murphy
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Exacerbations of asthma during pregnancy represent a significant clinical problem and may be related to poor pregnancy outcomes. A systematic review of the literature was conducted for publications related to exacerbations during pregnancy. Four studies with a control group (no asthma) and two groups of women with asthma (exacerbation, no exacerbation) were included in meta-analyses using fixed effects models. During pregnancy, exacerbations of asthma which require medical intervention occur in about 20% of women, with approximately 6% of women being admitted to hospital. Exacerbations during pregnancy occur primarily in the late second trimester; the major triggers are viral infection and non-adherence to inhaled corticosteroid medication. Women who have a severe exacerbation during pregnancy are at a significantly increased risk of having a low birth weight baby compared with women without asthma. No significant associations between exacerbations during pregnancy and preterm delivery or pre-eclampsia were identified. Inhaled corticosteroid use may reduce the risk of exacerbations during pregnancy. Pregnant women may be less likely to receive oral steroids for the emergency management of asthma. The effective management and prevention of asthma exacerbations during pregnancy is important for the health of both the mother and fetus.
Corporate involvement in public health policy is being obscured
Authors: J. Collin, S. Hill
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Plain packaging policy should be developed in plain sight 

The government in England, having previously indicated its intention to follow Australia’s lead in legislating for plain packaging for cigarettes, has reportedly abandoned this public health initiative.1 This policy U turn was met with dismay from tobacco control advocates,2 jubilation by the tobacco industry, and an increase in tobacco share prices.1 Plans to introduce a minimum unit price for alcohol in England and Wales were also recently jettisoned after intensive lobbying by industry. Furthermore, the government has abandoned its plan to introduce a statutory register of lobbyists (signalled in its coalition agreement).3 

These public health casualties of the government’s midterm travails reinforce concerns about the role of the commercial sector in public health policy. Corporate involvement in public health is epitomised by a Public Health Responsibility Deal that privileges initiatives favoured by the alcohol and processed food industries.4 The absence of a statutory register of lobbyists underlines a continuing lack of transparency because it means that private companies can petition to take over health campaigns …
Dietary Cholesterol Still a Lively Discussion Topic
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

ANOTHER SALVO has been fired in the ongoing debate over the efficacy of restricting intake of high-cholesterol foods (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2775-2780). "There is almost a fanaticism about cholesterol levels... but for two thirds of people, lowering dietary cholesterol will not affect [their plasma] cholesterol levels," says Tucson nutritionist Donald J. McNamara, PhD. This is so, he says, because most people have built-in feedback mechanisms to maintain their baseline plasma cholesterol levels, irrespective of dietary modification. Dallas cholesterol expert Scott M. Grundy, MD, has some reservations about interpreting McNamara's results as suggesting that most people should not worry about dietary cholesterol, but he thinks the work is "provocative, important, and very carefully done." McNamara, professor of nutrition and food science at the University of Arizona, spoke about his latest research at an American Diabetes Association Science Writers Seminar in Palm Desert, Calif. He and coworkers have been attempting to unravel the nature
Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine stimulates leukotriene B4 synthesis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Authors: A H Lin, D R Morton, R R Gorman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) induce concentration-dependent neutrophil aggregation. On a molar basis, LTB4 is approximately 10 to 100 times more potent than AGEPC. AGEPC-induced aggregation is attenuated by two inhibitors of arachidonate lipoxygenation, eicosatetraynoic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and to a lesser extent by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. LTB4-induced aggregation is not readily reduced by the above inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with selective ion gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, shows that AGEPC stimulates neutrophils to synthesize sufficient LTB4 to account for the AGEPC response. In addition, the rate of LTB4 biosynthesis in response to AGEPC correlates well with the rate of AGEPC- and/or LTB4-induced neutrophils aggregation, and desensitization experiments indicate that AGEPC and LTB4 cross-desensitize. These data suggest that AGEPC-induced neutrophil aggregation may be mediated by LTB4.
PTH-019 The Effect Of Three Interventions On Colonoscopy Quality Outcomes - An Exemplar For Endoscopy Units: Abstract PTH-019 Table 1
Authors: AM Verma, A Dixon, AP Chilton
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Kettering General Hospital’s endoscopy unit performs &gt;1300 colonoscopies per annum (symptomatic, surveillance and bowel cancer screening). During 2012, three interventions took place in the unit. The vetting guidelines for requesting colonoscopy were updated to reflect BSG guidance for the management of iron deficiency anaemia and NICE guidelines for colorectal cancer. The aim was to reduce the number of inappropriate colonoscopies, especially in those patients not fit for colonoscopy. The information leaflets sent to patients pre-colonoscopy had a prompt added to urge patients to take the full dose of 4 sachets of Klean Prep (polyethylene glycol) to improve the diagnostic quality and exclusion value. Three colonoscopists who were not meeting key performance indicators stopped performing colonoscopy. This allowed the remaining operators to increase the number of colonoscopies they perform. We have audited the effects of these interventions individually and overall. <h3>Methods</h3> We compared data from 2013 to 2011 to assess the impact of the intervention undertaken. To assess the impact of the change in vetting guidelines, we measured the number of patients with ASA grade 3 or 4 who underwent colonoscopy. To assess the impact of the change in patient information, we measured the number of sachets of Klean prep taken by patients and the assessment of the quality of bowel preparation. To assess the impact of certain operators stopping performing colonoscopy, we measured the number of operators (excluding trainees) who performed &gt;100 colonoscopies per annum and those with caecal intubation rate (CIR) &gt;90%. To measure the combined effect of the interventions, we looked at the combined CIR of all operators within the department. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3> All three interventions have caused improvements in measured outcomes. Fewer patients with significant co-morbidities are undergoing colonoscopy. The bowel preparation has improved and there is a statistically significant increase in the mean dose of Klean prep taken. The changes in the number of operators undertaking colonoscopy have allowed fewer operators to do more procedures. Intuitively, practice makes perfect and this along with the other interventions has significantly improved the combined CIR of all operators from 90.21 to 94.54% (p= &lt;0.0001). The implementation of interventions outlined has been rewarding and is an exemplar to other endoscopy units on how to improve key quality outcomes of their colonoscopy practice. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Child Maltreatment: Journal of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children
Authors: Eric Albright
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Child abuse and neglect were rediscovered as social problems in the 1960s, with the description of the battered child syndrome. Mandatory reporting laws instituted in the 1970s began to shed light on the scope of the problem. In the last 10 years, public and professional awareness has focused on child sexual abuse, a difficult and volatile topic. Until recently, the monthly<i>Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal</i>was the only journal devoted exclusively to this field. Last year, the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (APSAC) began publishing<i>Child Maltreatment</i>, a major new peer-reviewed resource. Editor Mark Chaffin intends this journal to serve an interdisciplinary audience that includes practitioners and researchers from mental health, child protection, law and law enforcement, and medicine and allied health professions. The editorial board derives strength from its broad-based membership, comprised of nationwide leaders in these areas. This attractive journal presents its
1372 ONCE DAILY PSI-7977 PLUS PEG-IFN/RBV IN HCV GT1: 98% RAPID VIROLOGIC RESPONSE, COMPLETE EARLY VIROLOGIC RESPONSE: THE PROTON STUDY
Authors: D.R. Nelson, J. Lalezari, E. Lawitz, T. Hassanein, K. Kowdley, F. Poordad, A. Sheikh, N. Afdhal, D. Bernstein, E. Dejesus, B. Freilich, D. Dieterich, I. Jacobson, D. Jensen, G.A. Abrams, J. Darling, M. Rodriguez-Torres, R. Reddy, M. Sulkowski, N. Bzowej, M. Demicco, J. Strohecker, R. Hyland, M. Mader, E. Albanis, W.T. Symonds, M.M. Berrey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Psychotherapy: Its Place in Psychosomatic Management
Authors: H.H. Wolff
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

In defining psychotherapy, the central importance of person-related understanding and of the therapist–patient relationship are emphasized. When psychotherapeutic methods are applied in psychosomatic medicine, the therapist needs to be patient- and situation-oriented, rather than illness-oriented; his efforts need to be directed towards personal growth by restoring unity between psychic and somatic experience and by increasing awareness of the relation between life events and disease. In such work, <i>Winnicott's</i> concepts of the early infant-mother relationship and of transitional phenomena are particularly valuable. The treatment setting needs to be flexible and a psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approach can be combined with other psychological treatment methods like hypnosis, autogenic training and behaviour therapy.
A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of a Geriatric Consultation Team
Authors: Cathy M. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

As part of a prospective, randomized, controlled study of the effectiveness of a geriatric consultation team, we examined compliance by the house staff with recommendations made by the team. Recommendations were formulated for 185 patients, aged 75 years or older, who were randomized into intervention (n = 92) and control (n = 93) groups. In the control group, only 27.1% of the actions that would have been recommended by the team were implemented independently by the house staff. Problems commonly neglected included polypharmacy, sensory impairment, confusion, and depression. In the intervention group, overall compliance was 71.7%. Highest compliance occurred for recommendations addressing instability and falls (95.0%) and discharge planning (94.3%). We conclude that a geriatric consultation team contributes substantial additional input into the care of older patients. Furthermore, relatively high compliance can be achieved with recommendations made by a geriatric consultation team, thereby overcoming the first barrier to the establishment of such a service.
History of Gaza
Authors: Bernard Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  In the March 4 issue ofThe Journal, a letter from S. A. Morton, MD, of Beirut, Lebanon, is printed (227:1007, 1974). I in no way want to engage in a political dispute with Dr. Morton, but I feel compelled to add some historical facts to his letter implying that the Gaza Hospital was only occupied territory when Israel took it over in 1967. Prior to the creation of the State of Israel by United Nations vote in 1948, Gaza was in the territory of Palestine, administered by British Mandate, under the authority of the actions of the League of Nations following World War I. The United Nations vote placed this community in a partitioned, independent Arab state that was to have been carved from the Mandate territory of Palestine. Because of the refusal of the Arab nations to accept this compromise plan, Gaza was subsequently captured
Physiology of the kidney and body fluids; an introductory text
Authors: William D. Lotspeich
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This excellent book is one of a projected, and partially completed, series of monographs in physiology being brought out by Year Book Medical Publishers. These are designed to be a "textbook" of physiology in the aggregate, but at the same time to serve individually as complete monographs in the particular specialty areas of the field. They are further meant to serve the needs of both the medical student in physiology and the practitioner requiring a relatively short, readable, upto-date treatment of the subject. These aims are admirably met by this book of Dr. Pitts. Others in the series already out are<i>The Lung</i>, by Comroe et al,<i>Physiology of the Digestive Tract</i>by Davenport, and<i>Metabolic and Endocrine Physiology</i>, by Tepperman. Others are about to appear in the fields of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The field of renal physiology has not had so current, readable, and understandable a general
Gene Replacement Therapy Enters Second Year
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

AT THE START of the second year after initial clinical use of gene replacement therapy, the patient is "doing exceptionally well," says R. Michael Blaese, MD, National Cancer Institute who, with W. French Anderson, MD, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, is one of the principal National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinicians involved in the study (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991; 265:2311-2312). The patient, a 5-year-old girl, has adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a rare genetic disorder that paralyzes the immune system. On September 14,1990, at the NIH in Bethesda, Md, she received the first of eight infusions of her lymphocytes, cocultivated in the presence of a retroviral vector carrying the missing ADA gene. Some percentage of the lymphocytes pick up the gene and the gene-corrected lymphocytes are reinfused back into the patient. For 2 years before the patient became the first to receive gene replacement treatment, she had been receiving enzyme replacement with
814-1 Transendocardial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells may enhance myocardial viability around cell injection site
Authors: Emerson C Perin, Hans F Dohmann, Radovan Borejevic, Joao A Assad, Guilherme V Silva, Suzana A Silva, Andre L Sousa, William K Vaughn, Isabel Rossi, Antonio C Carvalho, Yong J Geng, Hans J Dohmann, James T Willerson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Inefficiency of Self-Constituted Midwives.
Authors: B. F. Dodson
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Berlin, Wis., May 16, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> I enclose an outline of a little of my experience; if proper to print in our valuableJournalit is at your service. The testimony presented to the coroner's jury summoned by Justice Biggert to investigate the cause of death of Mrs. John Secoro, who died in child-bed, May 12, showed she flowed to death and that the midwife rendered no assistance. Neither was she fitted by medical knowledge to give assistance in such cases. The above clipping is from our local paper. I trust it may seem time to most of us to call a halt, as far as possible, in this matter, as many like instances occur in every large community, due to the inefficiency of self-constituted midwives. Being summoned, at the last moment, to attend the above case, I found the woman dead. She might have been buried and
Mainstream Tobacco Smoke Causes Paternal Germ-Line DNA Mutation
Authors: Carole L. Yauk, M. Lynn Berndt, Andrew Williams, Andrea Rowan-Carroll, George R. Douglas, Martin R. Stämpfli
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Despite the presence of known mutagens and carcinogens in cigarette smoke, there is currently no evidence to show that smoking, or exposure to cigarette smoke, can result in heritable genetic mutation. We show that male mice exposed to mainstream tobacco smoke (MTS) exhibit a significant increase in germ-line mutation frequency in spermatogonial stem cells. We exposed mature male mice to MTS for 6 or 12 weeks and investigated mutations arising in exposed spermatogonial stem cells at the expanded simple tandem repeat locus Ms6-hm. A generalized score test showed a significant treatment effect (P = 0.0214). Ms6-hm mutation frequency was 1.4 and 1.7 times higher in mice exposed to MTS for 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, compared with sham controls. The data suggest that mutations accumulate in the spermatogonial stem cells with extended exposures. Mutation spectra were identical between exposed and sham individuals, supporting the hypothesis that tandem repeat mutations arise through indirect mechanisms of mutation. Mutations in sperm that are passed on to offspring cause permanent, irreversible changes in genetic composition and can persist in future generations. Our research suggests that the consequences of smoking extend beyond the smoker to their nonsmoking descendents. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5103–4]
Quality of Diagnostic Examinations in a University Hospital Outpatient Clinic
Authors: EDWARD J. GOETZL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The quality of outpatient diagnostic medicine at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital was assessed in a two-phase study. In phase 1 the records of 249 randomly selected outpatients were graded and assigned scores for completeness of patient evaluation by means of a standardized work sheet with 55 categories of history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Records that received higher scores belonged to patients seen more frequently in the medical clinic or in at least one consultation clinic. Many diagnostic categories not commonly evaluated fell into discrete historical, anatomical, or laboratory clusters. In phase 2, 25 patients with high record scores and 25 age- and sex-matched patients with low record scores were reevaluated. In all 50 patients many critical new or different findings were uncovered, but their yield in apparently overlooked areas was ten times greater in the low-scoring group. We conclude that both record review and patient reevaluation are necessary to assess the quality of ambulatory diagnostic examinations.
Longterm olsalazine treatment: pharmacokinetics, tolerance and effects on local eicosanoid formation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis.
Authors: K Lauritsen, L Staerk Laursen, K Bukhave, J Rask-Madsen
Journal: Gut (1988)

To examine pharmacokinetics and tolerance of long term administration of olsalazine (azodisalicylate), increasing doses of the drug were given for one year to 31 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and nine patients with Crohn's colitis (CC), refractory to, or intolerant of sulphasalazine, until sustained remission was obtained or a maximum of 4 g/day was reached. Colonic drug metabolism was studied by equilibrium in vivo dialysis of faeces. Complete azoreduction occurred in most cases. Concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid, but not N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid, in faecal dialysates increased dose dependently. Serum concentrations disclosed no cumulation in the long term and olsalazine was well tolerated, although loose stools occurred transiently in some patients with extensive disease: this was associated with a larger proportion of unsplit olsalazine in the faecal dialysates. Patients with ulcerative colitis having a high prostaglandin E2 concentration (greater than ng/ml) determined by equilibrium dialysis of rectum, were less likely to benefit from treatment. Olsalazine is a very effective means of delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid to the colonic mucosa in active disease. Use of the drug in controlled trials may be considered safe even in prolonged high dosage.
Prevention of mumps.
Authors: J Desmyter
Journal: BMJ (1980)

the Birmingham findings.The overall pneumonia rate in Birmingham was higher (400h) than in Glasgow (26%°), where pneumonia was taken to mean either consolidation on chest radiograph or a chest infection which in the judgment of the attending physician required antibiotics.It would be interesting to know -what "confirmation" by chest radiography means in the Birminghamstudy, since the difference may be explained by differing definitions.We have been reluctant to draw definite conclusions from the complication rate in those children immunised against pertussis compared with those not immunised, since the numbers are small, and this may also apply to the Birmingham study.However, overall findings are similar, confirming that whooping cough still causes substantial numbers of hospital.admissions for a prolonged and unpleasant illness and that immunisation appears to protect children from being -admitted to hospital with the disease, either by preventing it altogether or by preventing serious complicatioris.