tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Informed patients and physician satisfaction
Authors: A. J. Douma
Journal: JAMA (1980)

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'Peopleware' and medical informatics
Authors: Bonnie Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

There was a little bit of everything at the first IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Computer Society International Conference on Medical Computer Science/Computational Medicine (MEDCOMP) in Philadelphia. On the program were more than 120 papers from 11 countries. Emphasis on an element that conference chair Judith M. S. Prewitt, PhD, of the National Institutes of Health and Ohio University, Athens, called "peopleware" also distinguished the conference. In other words, issues of user orientation and acceptance came in for much discussion. Techniques were reported for analyzing and solving problems in introducing computers, and in applications including laboratory systems, computer-assisted consultation and education for health professionals, and computers to aid the handicapped. In particular, speakers stressed that specific user groups must be studied to determine their needs and their working and thinking styles. They presented different ideas for building flexibility into programs so that users could interact with the computer
Sports injuries in Saudi Arabia.
Authors: M Sadat-Ali, M Sankaran-Kutty
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Saudi Arabia has now a wealth of sporting facilities of which the youth of the country is making full use. A prospective study of sports related injuries was conducted during the twelve months of 1983. We present an analysis of 846 such injuries seen at the King Fahd University Hospital, Al Khobar. These injuries formed 8.36% of those who attended after an accident for emergency treatment, of which 63% were under 20 years. The majority was sustained during soccer games. The most frequent site of injury was the knee. We believe that specialised Sports Injury Clinics, initially based at the University Hospitals should be established here, to give guidance and education concerning avoidance of injuries, and for the treatment and follow-up of those injured and enable them to return to sports early.
Prognostic Value of Exercise Capacity as Evaluated by the 6-Minute Walk Test in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Michael Mok, Luis Nombela-Franco, Marina Urena, Robert DeLarochellière, Daniel Doyle, Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro, Mélanie Côté, Philippe Pibarot, Hugo DeLarochellière, Louis Laflamme, Paul Poirier, Eric Dumont, Josep Rodés-Cabau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Shear Stress Insensitivity of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression as a Genetic Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Marco Cattaruzza, Tomasz J. Guzik, Wojciech Słodowski, Ayşegül Pelvan, Jürgen Becker, Martin Halle, Arnd B. Buchwald, Keith M. Channon, Markus Hecker
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is based on the development of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. Shear stress-induced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release not only contributes to local blood pressure control but also effectively helps to retard atherosclerosis. Therefore, functionally relevant polymorphisms in the endothelial NO synthase (NOS-3) gene may contribute to the development of CHD. NOS-3 expression was analyzed in endothelial cells isolated from umbilical cords genotyped for the -786C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the human nos-3 gene. Moreover, NO-dependent relaxation was examined in segments of saphenous vein isolated from genotyped patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery, and patients subjected to quantitative coronary angiography were genotyped to verify an association between this SNP and CHD. Shear stress-induced NOS-3 mRNA and protein expression was present in TT and CT genotype cells but absent in cells with CC genotype. Pretreatment of these cells with a decoy oligonucleotide comprising position -800 to -779 of the C-type nos-3 promoter reconstituted shear stress-induced NOS-3 expression. These results were confirmed by reporter gene analysis with the corresponding nos-3 promoter luciferase constructs. In addition, the NO-mediated relaxant response of vein grafts from CC genotype patients was significantly attenuated as compared with the CT or TT genotype, and in CHD-positive patients, the CC genotype was significantly more frequent (19.0%) than in CHD-negative patients (4.4%). The -786C/T SNP of the nos-3 gene thus constitutes a genetic risk factor for CHD, presumably due to binding of an inhibitory transcription factor to the C-type promoter blocking shear stress-dependent maintenance of NOS-3 expression.
The Pathophysiologic Roles of Interleukin-6 in Human Disease
Authors: Dimitris A. Papanicolaou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Interleukin-6, an inflammatory cytokine, is characterized by pleiotropy and redundancy of action. Apart from its hematologic, immune, and hepatic effects, it has many endocrine and metabolic actions. Specifically, it is a potent stimulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is under the tonic negative control of glucocorticoids. It acutely stimulates the secretion of growth hormone, inhibits thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion, and decreases serum lipid concentrations. Furthermore, it is secreted during stress and is positively controlled by catecholamines. Administration of interleukin-6 results in fever, anorexia, and fatigue. Elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6 have been seen in the steroid withdrawal syndrome and in the severe inflammatory, infectious, and traumatic states potentially associated with the inappropriate secretion of vasopressin. Levels of circulating interleukin-6 are also elevated in several inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Interleukin-6 is negatively controlled by estrogens and androgens, and it plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the osteoporosis seen in conditions characterized by increased bone resorption, such as sex-steroid deficiency and hyperparathyroidism. Overproduction of interleukin-6 may contribute to illness during aging and chronic stress. Finally, administration of recombinant human interleukin-6 may serve as a stimulation test for the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Diastolic Blood Pressure Changes During Exercise Positively Correlate With Serum Cholesterol and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Sally E. Brett, James M. Ritter, Philip J. Chowienczyk
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Metabolic factors, including plasma concentrations of cholesterol and insulin resistance, may influence blood pressure through effects on vascular reactivity. Such effects might influence blood pressure during exercise more strongly than at rest.We examined whether there is an association between serum cholesterol or insulin resistance and change in blood pressure during mild exercise. Blood pressure was measured at rest and during fixed low-workload bicycle ergometry (50, 75, and 100 W, each for 3 minutes) in 75 healthy active men (age, 18 to 66 years). Blood pressure at rest was not significantly correlated with serum cholesterol or insulin resistance (estimated from the fasting glucose-insulin product). The change from resting values in diastolic but not systolic blood pressure during exercise was correlated with serum cholesterol (R>0.47, P<0.0001 for each workload) and insulin resistance (R>0.38, P<0.01 for each workload). Serum cholesterol and insulin resistance were the only independent predictors of the change in diastolic blood pressure during exercise in a stepwise regression model incorporating age, body mass index, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, insulin resistance, and heart rate during exercise. In a further study, the change in diastolic blood pressure during exercise was greater in men with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (13.6 mm Hg [95% CI, 8.5 to 18.8]; n=10) than in nondiabetic control men (2.7 mm Hg [95% CI, -2. 0 to 7.3]; n=10; P=0.002).Changes in diastolic blood pressure during gentle exercise are strongly associated with serum concentrations of total cholesterol and insulin resistance. This may contribute to development of hypertensive complications in dyslipidemic and/or insulin-resistant patients.
NHS could learn from John Lewis about motivating staff, says Nuffield Trust
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Adopting principles from employee owned organisations, such as the major UK retail group the John Lewis Partnership, may help the NHS engage staff and deliver better services, says a report from the Nuffield Trust.

The trust, which carries out research in healthcare services, looked at the international evidence on the effects of employee ownership on performance, including the operation of four such organisations: the John Lewis Partnership; Kaiser Permanente, a US healthcare provider; Circle, a European private healthcare provider; and Central Surrey Health, a provider of nursing and community healthcare services.

It found that employee owned companies …
Book: La Tendresse
Authors: J. Leaning
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Ken Strauss Black Ace Books, £16.95, pp 287 http://blackacebooks.com/ ISBN 1 87298842 3 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> This first novel by American doctor Ken Strauss attempts, through a complicated narrative conceit, to craft a wartime love story and a medical anti-war treatise. It succeeds in doing both, in part. The unnamed contemporary narrator has just bought and begun to renovate a château on the French-Belgian border. He uncovers a diary hidden behind a high chimney wall. The diary was written by an English surgeon whose life, loves, and losses spanned the first half of the 20th century, and whose destiny it was to serve in both world wars. The château was used as a British field hospital where the surgeon worked during the autumn of 1917 and then later became his home and refuge duringthe interwar period up to the time of his execution by the Germans in 1944. Only a minimum suspension of disbelief is required to accept the notion that the diary is also … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Differential Metabolic Impact of Gastric Bypass Surgery Versus Dietary Intervention in Obese Diabetic Subjects Despite Identical Weight Loss
Authors: Blandine Laferrère, David Reilly, Sara Arias, Nicholas Swerdlow, Prakash Gorroochurn, Baani Bawa, Mousumi Bose, Julio Teixeira, Robert D. Stevens, Brett R. Wenner, James R. Bain, Michael J. Muehlbauer, Andrea Haqq, Lillian Lien, Svati H. Shah, Laura P. Svetkey, Christopher B. Newgard
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

The enhanced decrease in circulating branched-chain amino acids and their metabolites after gastric bypass occurs by mechanisms other than weight loss.
Energy Expenditure In Sicklemia
Authors: Massimo Cresta
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by J. R. Murphy (225:981, 1973) concerned the prevalence of sickle cell hemoglobin (Hb AS) in football players and offered the hypothesis that men with sickle cell trait would not have limited physical capabilities. During a mission performed in Dahomey by the Institute of Anthropology of Rome University, the energy expenditure of two groups of 15 adults in apparent good health was examined, one group with normal adult hemoglobin (Hb A) and the other with Hb AS. The two groups were selected to show similar somatometric values, also similar to the average values of the examined population as a whole. The energy expenditure was measured at rest and at the cycloergometer, with power levels of 483 and 790 kg/meter, respectively. Respiratory gas analysis was carried out by means of an open-circuit Hartmann and Braun apparatus. Data of the Table show that the energy expenditure under
Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions
Authors: Carol L Fischer, Katherine S Walters, David R Drake, Deborah V Dawson, Derek R Blanchette, Kim A Brogden, Philip W Wertz
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

Oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit potent antimicrobial activity for a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, little is known about their spectrum of antimicrobial activity or mechanisms of action against oral bacteria. In this study, we examine the activity of two fatty acids and three sphingoid bases against Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in periodontitis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations, minimal bactericidal concentrations, and kill kinetics revealed variable, but potent, activity of oral mucosal and salivary lipids against P. gingivalis, indicating that lipid structure may be an important determinant in lipid mechanisms of activity against bacteria, although specific components of bacterial membranes are also likely important. Electron micrographs showed ultrastructural damage induced by sapienic acid and phytosphingosine and confirmed disruption of the bacterial plasma membrane. This information, coupled with the association of treatment lipids with P. gingivalis lipids revealed via thin layer chromatography, suggests that the plasma membrane is a likely target of lipid antibacterial activity. Utilizing a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blot followed by mass spectroscopy and N-terminus degradation sequencing we also show that treatment with sapienic acid induces upregulation of a set of proteins comprising a unique P. gingivalis stress response, including proteins important in fatty acid biosynthesis, metabolism and energy production, protein processing, cell adhesion and virulence. Prophylactic or therapeutic lipid treatments may be beneficial for intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on mucosal surfaces. Researchers in the USA have identified five naturally occurring molecules that kill bacteria responsible for periodontal disease. The molecules are part of the diverse but sparsely documented countermeasures that the body uses to fight oral pathogens. Led by Philip Wertz and Carol Fischer of the University of Iowa, the researchers characterized the effects of naturally secreted lipids known as sphingoid bases and short-chain fatty acids, which are toxic to many bacteria, on Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key contributor to periodontitis. The two particularly potent molecules that they identified, phytosphingosine and sapienic acid, both killed this bacterium by inflicting severe damage to its outer membrane. Since these lipids are produced by the body and active at physiological concentrations, they may offer a safe and effective alternative to antibiotics for fighting P. gingivalis infection.
TWO CASES OF CHOLESTERIN PLEURAL EFFUSION
Authors: H. Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (1919)

The rate and timing of information transfer at neuronal synapses are critical for determining synaptic efficacy and higher network function. Both synchronous and asynchronous neurotransmitter release shape the pattern of synaptic influences on a neuron. The PSD-95 family of postsynaptic scaffolding proteins, in addition to organizing postsynaptic components at glutamate synapses, acts transcellularly to regulate synchronous glutamate release. Here we show that PSD-95 family members at nicotinic synapses on chick ciliary ganglion neurons in culture execute multiple functions to enhance transmission. Together, endogenous PSD-95 and SAP102 in the postsynaptic cell appear to regulate transcellularly the synchronous release of transmitter from presynaptic terminals onto the neuron while stabilizing postsynaptic nicotinic receptor clusters under the release sites. Endogenous SAP97, in contrast, has no effect on receptor clusters but acts transcellularly from the postsynaptic cell through N-cadherin to enhance asynchronous release. These separate and parallel regulatory pathways allow postsynaptic scaffold proteins to dictate the pattern of cholinergic input a neuron receives; they also require balancing of PSD-95 protein levels to avoid disruptive competition that can occur through common binding domains.
The 1990 Florida Dental Investigation: The Press and the Science
Authors: Carol A. Ciesielski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from a dentist to six of his patients was first reported in 1990 by the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, controversy and speculation have surrounded the investigation of that case.This controversy has been fueled by the inability to determine exactly how the transmissions occurred. Many theories have appeared in the media and have led to confusion and uncertainty about the facts of this investigation. Recently, a magazine article and a newspaper article, as well as a segment on the television newsmagazine "60 Minutes," presented information that was largely based on findings by investigators hired as part of private litigation and that cast doubt on the conclusion that the patients had been infected by the dentist. However, these reports omitted pertinent epidemiologic and laboratory evidence that shows that no other sources of HIV infection could be documented for the six dental patients. The scientific evidence indicates that the Florida dentist transmitted HIV to six of his patients.
THYROTOXICOSIS AND INDICANURIA
Authors: L. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1928)

THYROTOXICOSIS AND INDICANUEM-*X3Baixm -,INDICANURIA ~~~~~~~IMuRDICA JOUDNAS heels.The nasal septum perforated.The previous day the heels and.back were in perfect order.A radiogram taken oln December 22nd showed necrosis of the bone of the os calcis.At this tinic both legs were markedly pigmented.The patient was discharged well oln January 3rd, 1928.CASE v.-Pulmonary En2 bolism.7This man was first seen on January 21st, 1927, with a primary syphilitic sore.He was treated at the London Hospital with 'sveii weekly injections of novarsenobillon; the last six doses were 0.9 gram.Early in March he had some irritation of the neck, which he treated with iodine, and on March 6th he was admitted with exfoliative dermatitis.lHe became extremely ill with high fever, delirium, and albuminaturia-, he recovered from this, but his nasal septum perforated.On-April 7th hie complained of smiall boils on the left axillae and right groin.I examined hin at 2 p.m. on April 12th, when he seemed fairly well, able to sit up in bed unassisted, tongue moist, pulse 80 regular, and exfolia- tion confined to the scalp, palms, anod -feet.At 10 o'clock that
Ten Years of Mixing Cocktails: A Review of Combination Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Authors: Andreas Kortenkamp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

In the last 10 years, good evidence has become available to show that the combined effects of endocrine disruptors (EDs) belonging to the same category (e.g., estrogenic, antiandrogenic, or thyroid-disrupting agents) can be predicted by using dose addition. This is true for a variety of end points representing a wide range of organizational levels and biological complexity. Combinations of EDs are able to produce significant effect, even when each chemical is present at low doses that individually do not induce observable effects. However, comparatively little is known about mixtures composed of chemicals from different classes of EDs. Nevertheless, I argue that the accumulated evidence seriously undermines continuation with the customary chemical-by-chemical approach to risk assessment for EDs. Instead, we should seriously consider group-wise regulation of classes of EDs. Great care should be taken to define such classes by using suitable similarity criteria. Criteria should focus on common effects, rather than common mechanisms. In this review I also highlight research needs and identify the lack of information about exposure scenarios as a knowledge gap that seriously hampers progress with ED risk assessment. Future research should focus on investigating the effects of combinations of EDs from different categories, with considerable emphasis on elucidating mechanisms. This strategy may lead to better-defined criteria for grouping EDs for regulatory purposes. Also, steps should be taken to develop dedicated mixtures exposure assessment for EDs.
Gene knockdown studies revealed CCDC50 as a candidate gene in mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: A Farfsing, F Engel, M Seiffert, E Hartmann, G Ott, A Rosenwald, S Stilgenbauer, H Döhner, M Boutros, P Lichter, A Pscherer
Journal: Leukemia (2009)