tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysing sport organisations with youth soccer teams
Authors: A J Santos, C E Gonçalves
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The aim of this study was to identify the soccer clubs model of organisation, their culture, goals and answers to the demands of the surrounding environment. Three Portuguese soccer clubs were analysed, in different contexts, one professional club (PC) – from the soccer national league – and two amateurs (AC) of regional level (one of rural area RAC, other of urban area UAC). The criteria to select the clubs were: a) belong to the same district, b) experience in collaboration with research studies. A documental analysis of the clubs was performed. Semi-structured interviews, with presidents in AC and with the manager of youth specialisation department in PC were made with audio record. The interviews were transcribed to text and then a content analysis was used. The PC is more formalised, specialised, complex and orientated to performance operating concepts. It has more specialised personal, with specific formation in the area of sport or education, and promotes coaches continuity in the club. The volunteers in PC that work with young athletes receive some compensation (eg, monetary, merchandising, tickets). The RAC and UAC have simple organisational structures, with a more familiar environment, informal relations and direct and lateral communication inside the organisation. The UAC have more sports services and protocols with the city council than RAC. The findings about organisational structure, human resources and goals agree with previous studies. Sport managers need to consider that organisational structure influences team performance and athletic achievement. Since the AC show less complexity and higher volunteer involvement in all hierarchy chains, it is expected they have an important role to provide informal education, promote active citizenship, and sense of community and confidence, as well as a greater pleasure. Both the PC and AC have volunteer involvement of the athletes' parents, which can create and influence the culture and policies of the organisation.
A very personal view
Authors: P. Kent
Journal: BMJ (1978)

I am 56 next birthday and until three years ago I was one of those supremely lucky people who had never been ill. Now there was nothing clever about that and nothing for self-con gratulation?perhaps I came from healthy stock or enjoyed some equally vague inherent resistance?perhaps I'd just been lucky. Anyhow, there it was: unassailed by illness or accident, my reservoir of reliability seemed inexhaustible, and in this I revelled, strong and secure. While others might fall beside me, I was impregnable, always ready to step in. With this I must own came a certain attitude of mind that really amounted to a deep-rooted dislike?no, even almost a contempt?of pills and tablets, medicines and lotions, and, if I am honest, a sort of tolerant forbearance of those who, through no fault of their own, seemed to need such things. Certainly they were not for me. At any rate, not until I sneezed. Now for some curious reason I have always had a truly remarkable sneeze?not one of those poor-quality jobs that can be stifled and trapped in a rapidly drawn handkerchief, but a colossal, house-shaking, unpredict able explosion, with a measurable, noisy echo. Assailed by one such explosion as I stood shaving one morning, I was transected across my back by a pain such as I never dreamed could have existed, and worse?the agony down one leg floored me as I shouted for mercy. But none came, and over the next few days no amount of pulling and injecting made any difference, and that somewhat notorious investigation the myelogram clearly showed why : a full-blown disc protrusion. Well, I could hardly call this illness' after all. Surely this was just something traumatic?yes, that was right?just as traumatic as a road accident. And so to a lumbar laminectomy, and?absolute magic?all the pain gone. So I settled my operation-ruffled feathers and made a rapid, straightforward recovery, firmly resolved to control my volcanic sneezing. All this happened three years ago. But then another trouble started. On a short lakeland holiday I got a swollen ankle, then knee, then the other ankle. So what ??these things passed. I thought that I must have sprained them somehow, though I knew I hadn't. Oh well, out of sight, out of mind.  body had other ideas, and suddenly I awoke very early one morning, knowing that something really was wrong: both my hands and fingers looked like sausages, and were stiff and tingling with pain. So away to the experts : My dear chap, you have an acute arthro pathy. Blood tests: well, the uric acid will be in the skies? that's it?no. But the Rose-Waaler?well, that was it: positive. Such a lot seems to have happened since then. Firstly, and I suppose this must be good for me, I have been
Medically Muddled Media
Authors: Elizabeth M. Whelan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Television and radio programs could be the ideal vehicle for giving sound health information to the public. But as any physician who has winced at the medical discussions on talk shows knows only too well, this resource is being wasted and misused to promote fallacies, it seems, more often than facts. It is customary to blame the media and their obsession with ratings for the prevalence of health hogwash on the air, and they certainly are partly responsible. What we usually fail to recognize, however, is that we, the medical profession, share the blame. If the situation is to change, we must help to change it. The enormous impact of the media should not be ignored. Television and radio have huge audiences that trust them as reliable sources of information. Unfortunately, most viewers do not realize that it is perfectly legal to present misinformation about health on the air, as
Effectiveness of Glucose Monitoring Systems Modified for the Visually Impaired
Authors: Marla Bernbaum, Stewart G Albert, Stephanie Brusca, Joan McGinnis, Deborah Miller, Joseph W Hoffmann, Arshag D Mooradian
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To compare three glucose meters modified for use by individuals with diabetes and visual impairment regarding accuracy, precision, and clinical reliability.Ten subjects with diabetes and visual impairment performed self-monitoring of blood glucose using each of the three commercially available blood glucose meters modified for visually impaired users (the AccuChek Freedom [Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN], the Diascan SVM [Home Diagnostics, Eatontown, NJ], and the One Touch [Lifescan, Milpitas, CA]). The meters were independently evaluated by a laboratory technologist for precision and accuracy determinations.Only two meters were acceptable with regard to laboratory precision (coefficient of variation < 10%)--the Accuchek and the One Touch. The Accuchek and the One Touch did not differ significantly with regard to laboratory estimates of accuracy. A great discrepancy of the clinical reliability results was observed between these two meters. The Accuchek maintained a high degree of reliability (y = 0.99X + 0.44, r = 0.97, P = 0.001). The visually impaired subjects were unable to perform reliable testing using the One Touch system because of a lack of appropriate tactile landmarks and auditory signals.In addition to laboratory assessments of glucose meters, monitoring systems designed for the visually impaired must include adequate tactile and audible feedback features to allow for the acquisition and placement of appropriate blood samples.
OXYGEN-STABLE HEMOLYSINS OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Isaac Ginsburg, T. N. Harris, Nathan Grossowicz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The production of oxygen-stable hemolysin in growing and resting Group A streptococci has been induced by RNA, by detergents, and by mammalian blood serum proteins, in the presence of glucose, Mg++, and cysteine. Of the serum proteins, albumin and α lipoprotein could act as inducers. In the case of both these serum proteins treatment with trypsin did not affect the capacity to induce hemolysin production, but removal of the bound lipids by alcohol-ether or chloroform-methanol destroyed this property. In comparisons of the conditions of production and of activity between the hemolysin produced by RNA on one hand and albumin and detergents on the other, some data indicated similarities among the hemolysins, and others, differences. The similarities included similar degrees of temperature dependence for production and equal degrees of inhibition by serum ß lipoprotein. Differences found among these hemolysins included differences between, the rate of production of the RNA hemolysin from that of albumin or detergent hemolysin by both resting and growing streptococci, and the failure of utilization of glucosamine as an energy source for the production of albumin hemolysin, in contrast with that of RNA hemolysin. The fact that the data have in some cases indicated similarities and in other cases differences among the hemolysins raises the question of whether these are different molecular species, or a single hemolysin synthesized by the streptococci via different pathways of metabolism, or complexes of a single hemolytic moiety with various molecular carriers.
Prevalence of Insulin Deficiency Among Initially Non-Insulin-Dependent Middle-Aged Diabetic Individuals
Authors: Markku Laakso, Helena Sarlund, Kalevi Pyörälä
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

The endogenous insulin secretion capacity of 171 insulin-treated middle-aged persons with diabetes (81 men, 90 women) of the Kuopio University Central Hospital district (population 250,000), East Finland, was measured by the C-peptide response to glucagori. The prevalence of insulin deficiency among initially non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) individuals was calculated on the basis of those who were initially treated with diet or oral drugs and 3 yr or more after diagnosis had been treated with insulin and were insulin deficient in this study. The prevalence of complete insulin deficiency (postglucagon C-peptide undetectable) was among initially NIDDM individuals of the same region, 0.7% in menand 1.2% in women. Using the postglucagon C-peptide level of 0.20 nmol/L as a cut-offpoint, the prevalence of insulin deficiency was 2.0% in men and 1.9% in women and, on thebasis of C-peptide level of 0.60 nmol/L, the prevalence of insulin deficiency was 3.5% in men and 2.7% in women. Our data suggest that the deterioration of insulin secretion capacity in NIDDM to the level that leads to insulin dependency occurs less often than has been previously suggested.
Insulin Resistance and Insulin Secretory Dysfunction Are Independent Predictors of Worsening of Glucose Tolerance During Each Stage of Type 2 Diabetes Development
Authors: Christian Weyer, P. Antonio Tataranni, Clifton Bogardus, Richard E. Pratley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Although prospective studies indicate that insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction predict type 2 diabetes, they provide limited information on the relative contributions of both abnormalities to worsening glucose tolerance at different developmental stages of the disease. We therefore assessed the predictive effect of insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction separately for the progression from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and from IGT to diabetes.Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (M) (hyperinsulinemic clamp), acute insulin secretory response (AIR) (25-g intravenous glucose tolerance test), and body composition (hydrodensitometry or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured in 254 Pima Indians with NGT and in 145 Pima Indians with IGT, who were then followed for 0.5-13 years.After follow-ups of 4.4 +/- 3.1 and 5.5 +/- 3.4 years, 79 (31%) of the subjects with initial NGT had developed IGT, and 64 (44%) of the subjects with initial IGT had developed diabetes. In proportional-hazards analyses with adjustment for age, sex, and percent body fat, low M and low AIR were independent predictors of both the progression from NGT to IGT (relative hazards [95% CI] for 10th vs. 90th percentile: M 2.4 [1.2-4.7], P < 0.02; AIR 2.1 [1.1-4.1], P < 0.04) and from IGT to diabetes (M 2.5 [1.3-5.0], P < 0.01; AIR 1.8 [0.99-3.3], P = 0.055).During each stage of the development of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction are independent predictors of worsening glucose tolerance and are, therefore, both targets for the primary prevention of the disease.
Differential roles of IL-16 and CD28/B7 costimulation in the generation of T-lymphocyte chemotactic activity in the bronchial mucosa of mild and moderate asthmatic individuals
Authors: Gordon Dent, Lisa A. Hosking, James L. Lordan, Mark D. Steel, William W. Cruikshank, David M. Center, Jonathan H. Ellis, Stephen T. Holgate, Donna E. Davies, Ratko Djukanović
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
"I want to see the consultant"
Authors: D. P Crampsey
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Hospital trainees working in outpatient clinics are familiar with the scenario. The next case record in the pile has a note from the nursing staff saying, “Patient wishes to see consultant.” Invariably these patients will get to see the consultant, but why? Are we bowing to the pressure of assertive patients simply to avoid confrontation? Do patients have a right to insist on seeing a particular member of the team? Patients wishing an exclusively consultant led service are already well catered for—in the private sector. However, the NHS is founded on principles of equality of access, and it also exists to provide training to junior medical and nursing staff and those in professions allied to medicine.

Some patients have a long established relationship with a particular consultant. Consultants themselves …
The health visitor and prevention
Authors: J. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

in the first 12 months,7 a comparison of the curves beginning after year 1 may be con- founded by variables related to survival.A number of presumably high-risk patients in the beta-blocker group were saved in the first year, most probably resulting in a patient population on that treatment which was, on average, sicker than that on placebo after one year.Thus, parallel and even converging curves beyond one year could be consistent with continued benefit.In addition, we do not know what would happen if the treatment were stopped at one year.Rose9 has posed the question, "Do beta-blockers merely keep the wolf from the door, and when protection is withdrawn, does he retum ?"We tend to conclude from the absolute difference in the number of deaths between the beta-blocker and placebo groups at the end of a trial how many lives had been prolonged.The results from the Norwegian timolol trial could imply that 54 deaths (152 minus 98) were delayed by an average of at least 17 months.Another interpretation could be that more than 150 patients had their lives prolonged by an average of six months.We have no way of knowing with certainty over what period of time during the entire patient follow-up protection is provided-that is, when the door is closed on the wolf.For these reasons, it seems prudent to recommend beta-blocker treatment to survivors of a heart attack for at least three years, the duration of the trial7 which followed patients for the longest time.
Influence of current strength on excitability and conduction of human atrium and atrioventricular node
Authors: A. MICHELUCCI, L. PADELETTI, D. MONIZZI, F. FANTINI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

The influence of current strength on excitability and conduction of atrium and atrioventricular node was assessed in 25 patients using different current strengths (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15 mA) and introducing extrastimuli (parasinusal zone) after the eighth paced complex of a basic drive (100 beats X min-1). Bipolar stimulation with the distal pole as cathode was performed so that effective and functional refractoriness of atrium and atrioventricular node, and the maximum value of atrial latency (interval between the extrastimulus and the beginning of atrial activity), intra-atrial conduction time, and AH interval could be determined at each current strength. In some patients atrioventricular nodal effective refractoriness could or could not be determined at each current strength, whereas in others the determination was possible only at the highest or the lowest current strengths. Moreover, the increase in current strength induced a progressive parallel reduction in both atrial effective and functional refractoriness; induced a progressive lengthening of intra-atrial conduction time (this was seen only in patients with a history of atrial arrhythmias); allowed the maximum possible lengthening of AH interval; and did not visibly influence atrioventricular nodal refractoriness and atrial latency. By altering atrial refractoriness and intra-atrial conduction time current strength affects the prematurity of the atrial impulse and the time at which it reaches the atrioventricular node. These findings should be taken into account when diagnostic and therapeutic electrophysiological procedures are performed.
How many beds do we really need--for example, in neurosurgery?
Authors: C B Sedzimir, J B Miles, R. Jeffreys, M D M Shaw, P. Foy
Journal: BMJ (1981)

I did a colonoscopy; the "caecum" apparently looked normal (see below).A year later once again she was anaemic.There was no ulcer this time and a further barium enema showed an obvious caecal carcinoma which was successfully removed.
Association Between Second Hand Smoke Exposure (SSE) and T-Helper Type 2 (TH2) Cytokine Production During Early Childhood
Authors: A. Patel, D.A. Gentile, J.M. Koehrsen, D.P. Skoner, M. Varga, C.A. Schad, T.J. Schaffner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Cervical cancer screening: Authors' reply
Authors: J. Coste
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Ind and Whitley, as well as other respondents to our paper on bmj.com, refer to the issue of our split sample design.1 Many such previous studies show that monolayers are superior to conventional smears (and were used to obtain approval from the Food and Drug Administration for ThinPreps). Now some who praised this design when it favoured monolayers are discovering that it is “flawed” or “faulty” when it gives the opposite results.

Our paper shows that the main issue for …
The Significance of Endoscopy for Gastric Diseases
Authors: K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

The effective practice of endoscopic examination in gastric disorders is described based on the author's experience in Japan and Germany. The gastrocamera is recommended for mass examinations, the gastrofiberscope for the primary detailed endoscopic examination. The first step, however, in the morphological diagnosis of gastric diseases remains roentgenology in spite of the progress in endoscopy. But only the combined adoption of both methods assures exact pre-operative diagnosis. In addition the significance of endoscopic follow-up examinations is stressed.
Phase I/II study of melphalan, prednisone and lenalidomide combination for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are not candidates for stem cell transplantation
Authors: V Roy, A K Stewart, P L Bergsagel, A Dispenzieri, K Laumann, J Allred, M Q Lacy, R Fonseca, C B Reeder, S Kumar, C E Rivera, M A Gertz, F K Buadi, S R Hayman, S V Rajkumar
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Phase I/II study of melphalan, prednisone and lenalidomide combination for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are not candidates for stem cell transplantation
Abstract 1364: Epigenetic regulation of SPARC in ovarian cancer
Authors: Dylan P. Matthews, Sherine Taylor, Neveen A. Said
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epithelial Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies as most patients are diagnosed at late stages. Despite aggressive surgical debulking and cytoreduction, recurrence is common with poor patient survival. Constitutive progressive inflammation is the hallmark of OvCa and is contributed by the interaction of transformed OvCa cells with cues from the peritoneal microenvironment, activating multiple signaling pathways that converge in the (trans)activation of NFκB which not only induces the transcription of myriad inflammatory mediators but represses tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) creating a vicious circle of disease progression, recurrence and chemoresistance. Therefore there is a pressing need to identify new diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers as well as new. Our earlier studies indicated Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine SPARC is a tumor suppressor in OvCa in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that SPARC suppresses OvCa cells interactions with environmental cues within the peritoneal milieu. We also found that the expression of SPARC was decreased in established OvCa cell lines and microdissected OvCa cells from advanced tumors consistent with hypermethylated of its promoter. However, the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of SPARC in OvCa (and other morbidities) are unraveled. Mapping of SPARC promoter revealed consensus binding sites for NFB subunits. Pharmacologic inhibition of NFκB as well as knockdown of p65-RelA and p50 subunits restored SPARC expression and function in OvCa cells. Furthermore, treatment of OvCa cells with demethylating agent 5′azacytidine indicated that NFκB-mediated SPARC repression is due to methylation. In OvCa tissue microarrays, the expression of SPARC in cancer cells inversely correlated with nuclear p65-RelA and DNMT3a expression. Together these findings indicate that activated NFκB integrates inflammatory signals to exert epigenetic pressure suppressing tumor cell SPARC through promoter methylation. Citation Format: Dylan P. Matthews, Sherine Taylor, Neveen A. Said. Epigenetic regulation of SPARC in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1364. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1364
Hypertension and Cerebral Atherosclerosis
Authors: A. B. BAKER, JOSEPH A. RESCH, RUTH B. LOEWENSON
Journal: Circulation (1969)

This study consisted of an analysis of autopsy material from 3,824 persons who were 30 years of age or older in whom the arterial circle of Willis was scored for the severity and extent of atherosclerosis. Several criteria were used for hypertension. These consisted of the heart weight, the clinical diagnosis of hypertension, and the blood pressure. Regardless of which criterion was used, a definite increase in the severity of atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis was noted in the presence of hypertension. The increase was most pronounced when clinical criteria were used.
Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation on Temperature and Blood Flow in Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: ROBERT H. BICKFORD, ANO ROBERT DUFF
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

The circulatory response to ultrasonic irradiation of the upper limbs was measured under controlled conditions by venous occlusion plethysmography. Volumetric blood flow changes were related to temperature measurements in the treated tissues. Ultrasonic irradiation of the extremities was not found, per se, to be an effective means of promoting a sustained increase in blood flow. The information obtained on the nature of the circulatory effects of ultrasonation permits a more satisfactory evaluation of this new method of treatment.
Mother asks surgeons to perform hysterectomy on daughter with cerebral palsy
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The High Court in London may be asked to decide whether a 15 year old girl with cerebral palsy and severe learning disabilities should have a hysterectomy at the request of her mother.

Alison Thorpe, of Billericay, Essex, went public last week with her plea that her daughter Katie, said to have a mental age of 18 months, should have the operation to prevent her going through the pain and discomfort of menstruation.

The disability charity Scope warned that the case could set a “disturbing precedent.” Andy Rickell, the charity's executive director, said, “It is very difficult …