tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary carbohydrates and glycaemic load and the incidence of symptomatic gall stone disease in men
Authors: C-J Tsai
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Diets with a high glycaemic response exacerbate the metabolic consequences of the insulin resistance syndrome. Their effects on the incidence of gall stone disease are not clear, particularly in men. <b>Methods:</b> Dietary information was collected as part of the Health Professionals Follow up Study starting in 1986 using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire with follow up until 1998. On biennial questionnaires participants reported new symptomatic gall stone disease, diagnosed by radiology, and whether they had undergone cholecystectomy. <b>Results:</b> During 12 years of follow up, we documented 1810 new cases of symptomatic gall stones. After adjusting for age and other known or suspected risk factors in multivariate models, the relative risk (RR) for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of carbohydrate intake was 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25, 2.02; p for trend = 0.002). The RR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of dietary glycaemic load was 1.50 (95% CI 1.20, 1.88; p for trend = 0.0008), and 1.18 for dietary glycaemic index (95% CI 1.01, 1.39; p for trend = 0.04). Independent positive associations were also seen for intakes of starch, sucrose, and fructose. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that a high intake of carbohydrate, glycaemic load, and glycaemic index increases the risk of symptomatic gall stone disease in men. These results add to the concern that low fat high carbohydrate diets may not be an optimal dietary recommendation.
Lilly Lecture: Cell Pathology, 1964.
Authors: Marcel C. Bessis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Lilly Lecture: Cell Pathology, 1964.Marcel C. Bessis, M.D.Marcel C. Bessis, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-726_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past decade, techniques for the exploration of the cell at a near molecular level have been devised and utilized, which now allows certain analogies to be made between the system of organs in the body and those in the cell. It is now possible to speak of the anatomy of a cell, and of the structural details of cellular organs, such as the Golgi apparatus, the centriole, the ergastoplasm, the ribosomes, and the mitochondria. One may be concerned with cell organelle physiology and the problems which relate cellular physiologic functions to structure, such as membrane transport or ingestion,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Paris, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 726-726KeywordsCell membranesCell physiologyIngestionMitochondriaRibosomes Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Genomic Instability Within Tumor Stroma and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Sporadic Primary Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Koichi Fukino, Lei Shen, Attila Patocs, George L. Mutter, Charis Eng
Journal: JAMA (2007)

That genomic alterations occur in both the epithelium and stroma of sporadic breast cancers has been documented by several groups. However, whether these microenvironmental alterations relate to clinicopathological features is unknown.To analyze the relationship between stromal genomic alterations and presenting clinicopathological features in sporadic breast cancer.A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of DNA from the epithelium and stroma of 220 primary sporadic invasive breast carcinomas for global genomic alterations manifested by loss of heterozygosity/allelic imbalance with 386 microsatellite markers. Data were collected from October 2003 through June 2006 from samples at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.Association of the loss of heterozygosity/allelic imbalance, in both the stroma and epithelium, with presenting clinicopathological features, such as tumor grade, expression status of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, clinical stage, and regional lymph node metastasis status. Associations were assessed in regression models and tested with Fisher exact test. Bonferroni correction was applied to P values, with significance set at P<.0022.We found significant associations between loss of heterozygosity/allelic imbalance on chromosome 11 in the stroma and tumor grade (P = .0013), on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 18, 20, and 22 in the stroma and regional lymph node metastasis (P = .0002-.0016), and on chromosome 14 in the epithelium and progesterone-receptor expression status (P = .002). Specific markers contributing to the loss of heterozygosity/allelic imbalance on chromosome 11 in the stroma associated with tumor grade were D11S1999 (P = .00055) and D11S1986 (P = .042). The loss of heterozygosity/allelic imbalance at various markers in the stroma was significantly associated with regional lymph node metastasis: ATA42G12 (chromosome 1, P = .00095), D5S1457 (P = .00095), D5S1501 (P = .0011), D5S816 (P = .0008), D18S858 (P = .0026), D20S103 (P = .0027), D20S851 (P = .0045), D22S683 (P = .00033), and D22S1045 (P = .0013).There were more correlations between clinicopathological features and the loss of heterozygosity/allelic imbalance in the stroma than in the epithelium, suggesting that stromal genomic alterations may help account for clinical diversity. Future research is necessary to validate these results and investigate their significance for prognosis and outcome.
PROGRAM FOR THE DETECTION OF COLONIC AND RECTAL POLYPS
Authors: Cesare Gianturco
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The clinical significance of polyps of the large intestine has been discussed by many authors, and it is now generally accepted that many cancers develop from originally benign adenomatous polyps. For this reason, the recognition of these small growths is important for the prevention and cure of early malignant lesions of the large intestine. The recognition of colonic and rectal polyps depends on objective methods of examination. Since many polyps are located in the terminal 25 cm. of the intestine, routine employment of the proctoscope by the general practitioner in adult patients has been strongly recommended. In diagnostic centers, the responsibility is greater and the visual inspection of the accessible large bowel should be supplemented by x-ray examination of the colon. This may pose peculiar problems of organization and timing. These problems can be solved through the cooperation of the clinical departments involved. The program of polyp detection developed at
Effects of nisoldipine on ischemia during exercise testing and during daily activity
Authors: Dan Tzivoni, Shmuel Banai, Jesaia Benhorin, Alex Gavish, Aharon Medina, Shlomo Rogel, Avraham Zilberman, Shulamit Botvin, Avraham Caspi, Teddy Weiss, Shlomo Stern
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Role of Apoptosis in the Disappearance of Infiltrated and Proliferated Interstitial Cells After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Genzou Takemura, Michiya Ohno, Yukihiro Hayakawa, Jun Misao, Motoo Kanoh, Atsuko Ohno, Yoshihiro Uno, Shinya Minatoguchi, Takako Fujiwara, Hisayoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Myocardial infarction (MI) progresses from the acute death of myocytes and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into granulation, followed by scars. During the healing process, the myocardial interstitial cell population in the infarcted tissues increases markedly and then decreases. We postulated that apoptosis is responsible for this process. Twenty-four male Japanese white rabbits underwent a 30-minute occlusion of the left coronary artery followed by reperfusion for 2 days, 2 weeks, or 4 weeks (n=8 each). The histological features consisted of dead cardiomyocytes and marked leukocyte infiltration at 2 days after MI and granulation consisting of numerous α-smooth muscle actin–positive myofibroblasts, macrophage antigen–positive macrophages, and neovascularization at 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, the cellularity decreased markedly, and scars were evident. Interstitial cells with positive nick end labeling were significantly more frequent at the light microscopic level in the 2-day MI samples (5.3±3.6% in the center and 6.9±3.3% in the periphery of the infarct region) than in the 2-week (2.5±1.0%) and 4-week (0.5±0.5%) samples. DNA electrophoresis showed a clear ladder in tissues from the ischemic areas at 2 days after MI but not at 2 and 4 weeks after MI. Ultrastructurally, typical apoptotic figures, including apoptotic bodies and condensed nuclei without ruptured plasma membranes, were detected in leukocytes from all hearts with 2-day MI and in myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages from all hearts with 2-week MI. In the electron microscopic in situ nick end labeling, immunogold particles intensely labeled the condensed chromatin of the typical apoptotic nuclei. These particles were also accumulated on nuclei of the interstitial cells showing homogeneous density but not definite condensation as typical apoptotic nuclei, suggesting an early stage of apoptosis. Thus, apoptosis plays an important role in the disappearance of both the infiltrated leukocytes and the proliferated interstitial cells after MI. This finding may have therapeutic implications for postinfarct ventricular remodeling through apoptosis handling during the healing stage of MI.
Prognostic factors and prediction of prognosis by the CTCL Severity Index in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome
Authors: C-D. Klemke, U. Mansmann, N. Poenitz, E. Dippel, S. Goerdt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Prognostic factors and prediction of prognosis by the CTCL Severity Index in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome Get access C‐D. Klemke, C‐D. Klemke Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht‐Karls‐University of Heidelberg, Theodor‐Kutzer Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany *Institute of Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany Claus‐Detlev Klemke. E‐mail: claus‐detlev.klemke@haut.ma.uni‐heidelberg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Mansmann, U. Mansmann Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht‐Karls‐University of Heidelberg, Theodor‐Kutzer Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany *Institute of Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Poenitz, N. Poenitz Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht‐Karls‐University of Heidelberg, Theodor‐Kutzer Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany *Institute of Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Dippel, E. Dippel Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht‐Karls‐University of Heidelberg, Theodor‐Kutzer Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany *Institute of Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Goerdt S. Goerdt Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht‐Karls‐University of Heidelberg, Theodor‐Kutzer Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany *Institute of Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 1, 1 July 2005, Pages 118–124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06676.x Published: 01 July 2005 Article history Accepted: 02 February 2005 Published: 01 July 2005
"Probiotic" remedies are not what they seem
Authors: J M T Hamilton-Miller, S. Shah, C. T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—“Probiotics,” usually called “acidophilus,” are claimed to contain “friendly” intestinal lactic bacteria, regular consumption of which confers health benefits.1 As a previous report showed that dietary products sold in the United States as containing Lactobacillus acidophilus either contained no viable lactobacilli or contained organisms other than L acidophilus,2 we investigated the microbiological content of 13 brands of probiotics bought over the counter in Britain.

The preparations were cultured for lactobacilli on MRS agar (Unipath, Basingstoke, Hampshire), for enterococci on …
Points from Letters: Hamilton Bailey
Authors: S. V. Humphries
Journal: BMJ (1970)

<h3>Aims:</h3> The present analysis served to address the question at what age environmental factors start to exert their influence on the occurrence of ulcerative colitis. <h3>Methods:</h3> Mortality data from 21 different countries were accumulated between 1941 and 2004 to analyse the variation of age-specific death rates during consecutive time periods and among different countries. <h3>Results:</h3> Between 1941 and 2004 the trends of mortality from ulcerative colitis among different age groups formed a fan-like pattern with a progressively steeper decline of mortality among increasingly younger age groups. This general pattern included mortality in all age groups older than 5 years, but was absent in the youngest age group, 0–4 years. In countries with frequent occurrence of ulcerative colitis, high mortality from ulcerative colitis affected different age groups alike. This pattern was reflected by a set of statistically significant correlations between the mortality of each two consecutive age groups from different countries. The progression of significant correlations among consecutive age groups broke off only when the geographic variations of the age groups 0–4 and 5–9 years were compared. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The analysis suggests that environmental factors responsible for the temporal and geographic variations of ulcerative colitis start to exert their influence during early childhood.
Trainees' attitudes to shift work depend on grade and specialty
Authors: M. Aitken
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Social cues, such as eye gaze and pointing fingers, can increase the prioritisation of specific locations for cognitive processing.A previous study using a manual reaching task showed that, although both gaze and pointing cues altered target prioritisation (reaction times [RTs]), only pointing cues affected action execution (trajectory deviations).These differential effects of gaze and pointing cues on action execution could be because the gaze cue was conveyed through a disembodied head; hence, the model lacked the potential for a body part (i.e., hands) to interact with the target.In the present study, the image of a male gaze model, whose gaze direction coincided with two potential target locations, was centrally presented.The model either had his arms and hands extended underneath the potential target locations, indicating the potential to act on the targets (Experiment 1), or had his arms crossed in front of his chest, indicating the absence of potential to act (Experiment 2).Participants reached to a target that followed a nonpredictive gaze cue at one of three stimulus onset asynchronies.RTs and reach trajectories of the movements to cued and uncued targets were analysed.RTs showed a facilitation effect for both experiments, whereas trajectory analysis revealed facilitatory and inhibitory effects, but only in Experiment 1 when the model could potentially act on the targets.The results of this study suggested that when the gaze model had the potential to interact with the cued target location, the model's gaze affected not only target prioritisation but also movement execution.
Data Presentation and Visual Literacy in Medicine and Science
Authors: J.K. Smelz
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This book has been designated by its authors for "all those who are new to the business of using computer technology in the design and production of scientific information." The first author, now retired, was formerly head of Medical Illustration at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at the Hammersmith Hospital in London, England. The second author is now visiting lecturer at the University of Reading and freelance consultant, formerly senior research fellow at the Royal College of Art. Drawing from this background, they present information on computer systems and software basics, ergonomics, and computer security, and move through specific elements of typography and design for various aspects of scientific publishing. They include the uses of type and space to show text structure, of color, and of diagrams and various graphing and charting methods. Different types of presentations are considered in depth, including overheads, posters, and 35-mm slides, as well as
Transplantation — A Case for Consent
Authors: Alfred M. Sadler, Blair L. Sadler, E. Blythe Stason, Delford L. Stickel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, drafted by the Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, provides a comprehensive and modern legal framework for the donation of human organs for medical research, education and therapy. Widespread adoption of the Act, which eliminates existing unnecessary legal formalities, will make available more human tissue for medical purposes. In building the Act on the principles of consent and voluntary donation, the Commissioners recognized and protected other important interests in a dead body. They further recognized that many nonlegal impediments to the procurement of organs exist that cannot be overcome by legislation but must be resolved. Because of this approach, the Act is widely supported by the medical and legal communities and the general public and will soon probably become the law of most states. Such acceptance obviates the need for more radical legislative measures that would eliminate the principles of consent and voluntary donation. Finally, legislation that disregards the other interests in a dead body would encourage public disfavor toward organ donation.
Wallstents for Metastatic Biliary Obstruction
Authors: A. M. van Berkel, J. J. G. H. M. Bergman, I. Waxman, P. Andres, K. Huibregtse
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

In patients with obstruction of the common bile duct caused by primary pancreaticoblliary tumors, Wallstents have been shown to remain patent for a median duration of 273 days (range: 14-363). However, in one study that included both patients with primary pancreaticobillary malignancies and patients with metastatic malignant disease, the reported median Wallstent patency was found to be significantly shorter. We have studied the patency of Wall-stents in patients with metastatic billary obstruction.All patients who had received a Wallstent for metastatic biliary obstruction between January 1990 and August 1994 were analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up was achieved by contacting referring physicians and general practitioners, and lasted up to the end of the study period (November 1994) or death of the patient. Follow-up was discontinued if a polyethylene stent was inserted through the Wallstent for treatment of stent dysfunction.28 patients were identified, including 14 men and 14 women, with a mean age of 61.3 years (range 24-87). Long-term follow-up was possible in 27 patients (96%), for a median duration of 140 days (range 29- 561). Eleven patients died during the study period, and there were three deaths related to Wallstent dysfunction. The median duration of Wallstent patency was 265 days (range 11-519). Wallstent obstruction occurred in 13 patients; seven patients presented with cholangitis, six patients had jaundice. The cause of obstruction was established at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in ten patients: seven had tumor ingrowth, and three had tumor overgrowth. Treatment consisted of insertion of a polyethylene stent in seven and placement of a second Wallstent in three patients.In patients with metastatic obstruction of the common bile duct, the duration of patency of Wallstents is comparable to that reported in series of Wallstents for primary pancreaticobiliary malignancies.
Prophylactic Sclerosing of Esophageal Varices - Results of a Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: H. Koch, H. Henning, H. Grimm, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Of 60 patients suffering from various stages of esophageal varices with no previously recorded bleeding, 30 underwent combined peri- and intravascular fiberscopic sclerotherapy in a prospective controlled study. Each of the two groups consisted of 22 men and 8 women with an average age of 49 years. The cause of portal hypertension in 58 patients was a morphologically proven cirrhosis of the liver, due mainly to alcoholism. Portal vein thrombosis was present in two patients. The severity of the liver disease was first evaluated in accordance with the PUGH modification of the CHILD classification.
Colorectal Cancer: Heredity and Environment
Authors: David L. Hahn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 March 1991Colorectal Cancer: Heredity and EnvironmentDavid L. Hahn, MDDavid L. Hahn, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-5-431_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:The article by Bufill (1) is a valuable contribution to the discussion of heredity and environment as etiologic factors in colorectal cancer. Most epidemiologic studies have focused on environmental contributions to causation; a recent worldwide observational study, however, has shown racial differences in the incidence of proximal and distal colorectal cancer (2), which could be explained by genetic drift as racial differentiation occurred (3). Racial differences in the incidence of proximal and distal colorectal cancer are further evidence of a probable genetic contribution. It must be emphasized, however, that the differences between proximal and distal colorectal cancer...References1. Bufill J. Colorectal cancer: evidence for distinct genetic categories based on proximal or distal tumor location. Ann Intern Med. 1990; 113:779-88. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hahn D. Sex and race are risk factors for colorectal cancer within reach of the sigmoidoscope. J Fam Pract. 1989;30:409-16. Google Scholar3. Cavalli-SforzaPiazziMenozziMountain LAPJ. Reconstruction of human evolution; bringing together genetic, archaeological, and linguistic data. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1988;85:6002-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HaenszelCorrea WP. Cancer of the colon and rectum and adenomatous polyps: a review of epidemiologic findings. Cancer. 1971;28:14-24. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. DeJongDayMuir UNC. The distribution of cancer within the large bowel. Int J Cancer. 1972;10:463-77. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Arcand Park Clinic 3434 East Washington Avenue Madison, WI 53704 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNuclear accumulation of p53 in colorectal adenocarcinomaAllelic loss of chromosome 17p, mutation of the p53 gene, and microsatellite instability in right- and left-sided colorectal cancer 1 March 1991Volume 114, Issue 5Page: 431-432KeywordsCancer epidemiologyCancer geneticsColorectal cancerHeredityMolecular epidemiologyObservational studies Issue Published: 1 March 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...