tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer in women with systemic inflammatory diseases: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Seoyoung C Kim, Robert J Glynn, Edward Giovannucci, Sonia Hernández-Díaz, Jun Liu, Sarah Feldman, Elizabeth W Karlson, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Daniel H Solomon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Background Previous studies have suggested a potential risk of cervical cancer in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases (SID) such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objectives To assess the risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia, a surrogate endpoint for cervical cancer and cervical cancer, in women with SID, including IBD, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or SLE, compared with the risk in women without SID. Methods Using US insurance data (2001–2012), we conducted a cohort study of 133 333 women with SID, based on two or more diagnoses and one or more dispensed prescription for disease-specific treatment, and 533 332 women without SID. High-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer was defined by a validated algorithm with a positive predictive value of ≥81%. Results Over the mean follow-up of 2.1 years, the crude incidence rate of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer per 100 000 person-years was the highest at 141.1 in SLE and the lowest at 82.2 in psoriasis among women with SID, and 73.4 in women without SID. The multivariable HR adjusted for potential confounders was 1.07 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.45) in IBD, 0.96 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.27) in psoriasis, 1.49 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.00) in RA and 1.53 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.19) in SLE. Multivariable HRs were increased, but not statistically significant, in IBD, RA and SLE with baseline use of systemic immunosuppressive drugs or steroids. Conclusions The risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer was 1.5 times higher in women with RA and SLE than in those without SID. The risk may be increased in IBD with use of systemic immunosuppressive drugs or steroids.
Effect of Mothers' Smoking Habits on Birth Weight of their Children
Authors: C. R. Lowe
Journal: BMJ (1959)

It has been reported that when pregnant rats and rabbits are exposed to tobacco smoke their offspring weigh less than those of control animals (Essenberg, Schwind, and Patras, 1940; Schoeneck, 1941). A similar observation has been made in respect of pregnant women. Simpson (1957) collected data over a three-year period from American maternity hospitals and found that the incidence of premature births (those weighing 5½ 1b.— 2.5 kg.—or less) among women who smoked was double that among non-smokers and increased fairly regularly with the amount smoked. No explanation was offered for this observation, but it is clear from the data that age, parity, and social circumstances had little to do with it.
The Prevalence of Proteolytic Antibodies against Factor VIII in Hemophilia A
Authors: Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes, Jagadeesh Bayry, Namita Misra, Michael P. Horn, Sylvie Villard, Anastas Pashov, Natalie Stieltjes, Roseline d'Oiron, Jean-Marie Saint-Remy, Johan Hoebeke, Michel D. Kazatchkine, Joseph Reinbolt, Dipika Mohanty, Srini V. Kaveri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Factor VIII inhibitors are IgG alloantibodies that arise during replacement therapy in 25 to 50 percent of patients with severe hemophilia A. The hydrolysis of factor VIII by anti–factor VIII antibodies has been proposed as a mechanism of inactivation of factor VIII.
Colorectal involvement of follicular lymphoma - findings with narrow band imaging and magnifying endoscopy
Authors: D. Norimura, H. Isomoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Follicular lymphoma occurs rarely in the gastrointestinal tract. Although prior studies have reported cases of follicular lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract by using advanced endoscopic imaging studies [1] [2] [3], observation of colorectal involvement of follicular lymphoma using magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) has rarely been described.
Reduction of Serum Cholesterol and Hypercholesterolemic Atherosclerosis in Rabbits by Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Isolated From Flaxseed
Authors: Kailash Prasad
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a plant lignan isolated from flaxseed. Lignans are platelet-activating factor–receptor antagonists that would inhibit the production of oxygen radicals by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. SDG is an antioxidant. Antioxidants studied thus far are known to reduce hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of SDG on various blood lipid and aortic tissue oxidative stress parameters and on the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. Methods and Results —Rabbits were assigned to 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, SDG control (15 mg · kg body wt −1 · d −1 PO); group 3, 1% cholesterol diet; and group 4, same as group 3 but with added SDG (15 mg · kg body wt −1 · d −1 PO). Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and after 4 and 8 weeks of experimental diets for measurement of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and LDL, HDL, and VLDL cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C). The aorta was removed at the end of the protocol for assessment of atherosclerotic plaques; malondialdehyde, an aortic tissue lipid peroxidation product; and aortic tissue chemiluminescence, a marker for antioxidant reserve. Serum TC, LDL-C, and the ratios LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C increased in groups 3 and 4 compared with time 0, the increase being smaller in group 4 than in group 3. Serum HDL-C decreased in group 3 and increased in group 4 compared with time 0, but changes were lower in group 3 than in group 4. SDG reduced TC and LDL-C by 33% and 35%, respectively, at week 8 but increased HDL-C significantly, by&gt;140%, as early as week 4. It also decreased TC/LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios by ≈64%. There was an increase in aortic malondialdehyde and chemiluminescence in group 3, and they were lower in group 4 than in group 3. SDG reduced hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by 73%. Conclusions —These results suggest that SDG reduced hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis and that this effect was associated with a decrease in serum cholesterol, LDL-C, and lipid peroxidation product and an increase in HDL-C and antioxidant reserve.
The Rape of the Phallus —A Sequel
Authors: James F. Glenn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We have read with fascinated interest and amusement the Critical Commentary... We are intrigued by the encompassing interest in the phallus exhibited by Dr. Morgan, a chest physician, and we are prompted to speculate that the poetic enthusiasm evident is the result of social and literary consideration rather than the medical and scientific involvement. <i>W. K. C. M.</i>: Occasionally articles have both literary and scientific merit—attributes not mutually exclusive. Wives of chest physicians sometimes have male progeny, a minority of whose fathers prefer their sons to have their first experience of rape somewhat nearer to adulthood.
Transient verrucous hyperplasia after toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: I. Garcia-Doval, A. Florez, C. De La Torre, A. Conde, M.J. Cruces
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Transient verrucous hyperplasia after toxic epidermal necrolysis Get access I. García‐Doval, I. García‐Doval Department of Dermatology, Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Loureiro Crespo 2, E‐36200 Pontevedra, Spain E‐mail: igarciad@meditex.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Flórez, A. Flórez Department of Dermatology, Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Loureiro Crespo 2, E‐36200 Pontevedra, Spain E‐mail: igarciad@meditex.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. De La Torre, C. De La Torre Department of Dermatology, Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Loureiro Crespo 2, E‐36200 Pontevedra, Spain E‐mail: igarciad@meditex.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Conde, A. Conde Department of Dermatology, Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Loureiro Crespo 2, E‐36200 Pontevedra, Spain E‐mail: igarciad@meditex.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Cruces M.J. Cruces Department of Dermatology, Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Loureiro Crespo 2, E‐36200 Pontevedra, Spain E‐mail: igarciad@meditex.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 5, 1 November 2003, Pages 1082–1083, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05614.x Published: 01 November 2003
Informed Consent—The Rebuttal
Authors: Alan Meisel
Journal: JAMA (1975)

I HAVE found Don Harper Mills<sup>1</sup>article, "Whither Informed Consent?" to be a fine recounting of the doctrine of informed consent and of the implications of the doctrine for daily medical practice. There are, however, a few aspects of the article with which I must take substantial issue, for I fear that some of the advice Dr Mills gives is imprudent and could lead to untoward "legal" complications for the physicians involved. Dr Mills advises that physicians need not disclose the risks for most office procedures or minor office operations on the basis of dicta in the<i>Cobbs</i><sup>2</sup>case that excludes the necessity of disclosing the risk of allergic reaction to penicillin. I know of at least one case<sup>3</sup>in which a physician has been found liable to a patient who suffered an allergic reaction to penicillin. The court found that the physician was negligent for failing to
Gastric Response to Metiamide
Authors: B. Thjodleifsson, K. G. Wormsley
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Metiamide greatly reduced pentagastrin-stimulated and overnight secretion of acid and pepsin in 11 patients with duodenal ulcer and virtually abolished gastric secretion in three patients with gastric ulcer. The drug was equally effective when infused intravenously or intraduodenally. A therapeutic trial of Metiamide is warranted in diseases caused or aggravated by excess gastric secretion of acid and pepsin.
Health in rural south India: new approaches.
Authors: P D Bidinger
Journal: BMJ (1990)

that he had given the wrong medicine and that he was going to a community further out into the desert, where his prestige was still strong. When we saw him leaving the initiations he was happily waving from the back of a crowded truck on his way to Jigalong, a four day drive away, and we wondered if he would ever come back. Our return confirmed my earlier impressions. I found the Aborigines a gifted and lovable people who are making a brave attempt to adjust to our society. We must remember that we are asking them to achieve in 200 years a level of sophistication that has taken us 2000. Had I a wish to be granted it would be that they would suddenly develop the confidence to take the responsibility for their future into their own hands and that we would be given the patience necessary while they are developing; this will be an appreciably longer time than everyone expects.
Endoscopic markers of villous atrophy are not useful for the detection of celiac disease in patients with dyspeptic symptoms
Authors: S. Lecleire, F. Di Fiore, M. Antonietti, G. Savoye, F. Lemoine, F. Le Pessot, E. Lerebours, P. Ducrotté
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Celiac disease can manifest with nonspecific symptoms, including functional gastrointestinal disorders such as dyspepsia. The aim of our study was to assess the usefulness of duodenal endoscopic markers of villous atrophy for the selection of dyspeptic patients for histological assessment.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in dyspeptic patients, in patients considered to be at risk of having celiac disease, and in healthy controls. At least three duodenal biopsies were performed for histological assessment of villous atrophy in all patients and controls. We looked for the following four duodenal endoscopic markers of celiac disease: reduction in the number of folds, scalloping of folds, mosaic-pattern mucosa, and nodular mucosa.A total of 175 people were enrolled (75 patients with dyspepsia; 75 patients who were "at risk" of having celiac disease; and 25 healthy volunteers, or "controls"). Of the dyspeptic patients, four had endoscopic markers of celiac disease with no histologically confirmed villous atrophy, while one patient without endoscopic markers was found to have Marsh type I villous atrophy. Of the patients at risk of having celiac disease, 16 had at least one endoscopic marker and 10/16 were found to have histological villous atrophy. In this group, the sensitivity and specificity of the endoscopic markers were 100 % and 90.8 % respectively. "At-risk" patients with two or more endoscopic markers all had histologically confirmed villous atrophy. Neither endoscopic markers nor villous atrophy were found in any of the control patients.Additional endoscopic markers are valuable for diagnosis in patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of celiac disease. In contrast, endoscopic markers of villous atrophy are not useful for selecting a subgroup of dyspeptic patients for screening for celiac disease by duodenal histological assessment. These patients should be screened using other protocols.
Call for a new approach to the process of clinical trials and drug registration
Authors: T. C Jones
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The process of phases I-IV of clinical trials is the cornerstone of the drug registration and regulation process.1 Yet expanding drug expenses, the slow process of development in critical areas of need, poor worldwide distribution of new therapeutics, and an emerging multibillion dollar industry receiving finances for clinical trials as a part of healthcare delivery, indicate that the process needs revision. Recent changes in testing by clinical trials, different methods of supervision of drug development by pharmaceutical companies, and new methods for the monitoring of drug safety suggest a direction for this revision. A fresh approach is proposed (see boxes, p 921). This article reviews the basis for considering this new approach.

#### Summary points

The process of phases I-IV of clinical trials for drug registration is expensive, raises ethical issues of informed consent in phases III and IV, and has been expanded to try to answer too many questions

Careful assessment of recent, well constructed safety data from phase II studies compared with data from the end of phase III is expected to show little new safety information gained from phase III

A fresh approach to drug registration is needed

#### Suggested steps in new approach to drug assessment

1.  Summarise innovative aspects of the drug (based on chemistry of the drug, animal toxicology, mechanisms of action, and initial clinical trials) to identify special approaches to drug development that should be considered

2.  Summarise characteristics of the disease or diseases for which the drug is to be used, healthcare needs, and market pressures that indicate special risks or benefits regarding the drug's development

3.  Review data about the drug collected from countries outside of the region in which registration is occurring, and summarise data about drugs marketed by competitors

4.  Review patent issues, estimate the potential sales, and record the proposed drug price

5.  Enter into special negotiations regarding the approach for drug development based …
Improvement of exercise capacity by sarpogrelate as a result of augmented collateral circulation in patients with effort angina
Authors: Terumitsu Tanaka, Masatoshi Fujita, Izuru Nakae, Shun-Ichi Tamaki, Koji Hasegawa, Yasuki Kihara, Ryuji Nohara, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The Look AHEAD Trial: Bone Loss at 4-Year Follow-up in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Edward W. Lipkin, Ann V. Schwartz, Andrea M. Anderson, Cralen Davis, Karen C. Johnson, Edward W. Gregg, George A. Bray, Robert Berkowitz, Anne L. Peters, Amelia Hodges, Cora Lewis, Steven E. Kahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To determine whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) designed to sustain weight loss and improve physical fitness in overweight or obese persons with type 2 diabetes was associated with bone loss after 4 years of follow-up.This randomized controlled trial of intensive weight loss compared an ILI with a diabetes support and education (DSE) group among 1,309 overweight or obese subjects. Bone mineral density was assessed at baseline and after 1 year and 4 years of intervention.ILI was effective in producing significant weight loss (5.3% vs. 1.8% in ILI and DSE, respectively; P < 0.01) and increased fitness (6.4% vs. -0.8%) at year 4. In men, ILI participants had a greater rate of bone loss during the first year (-1.66% vs. -0.09% per year in ILI and DSE, respectively). Differences between groups were diminished by one-half after 4 years (-0.88% vs. -0.05% per year in ILI and DSE, respectively) but remained significant (P < 0.01). The difference in rate of hip bone loss between groups over 4 years was related to increased weight loss in ILI. Among women, the rate of bone loss did not differ between ILI and DSE after 4 years.A 4-year weight loss intervention was significantly associated with a modest increase in bone loss at the hip in men but not in women.
Atrial Septal Defect with Mitral Stenosis in a Woman of 81
Authors: L. Rosenthal
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Four patients suffering from virilism due to adrenocortical hyperplasia were treated with cortisone, hydro- cortisone acetate, prednisone, or prednisolone for periods ranging from six to eighteen months.Oral cortisone was effective in reducing to normal the 17- ketosteroid excretion in the two younger patients, aged 31 and 16 years, but was ineffective in the two older patients, aged 19 and 20 years.Prednisone and prednisolone were the most active in depressing the 17-ketosteroid levels, prednisone being about five times more potent in this respect than oral cortisone and having from two-thirds to three-quarters of the activity of prednisolone.Hydrocortisone acetate injected intramuscularly weekly or fortnightly was also effective.Growth of excess hair was retarded to some extent; acne disappeared in three patients in whom it was present; and menstruation was established in one patient with secondary amenorrhoea.We are indebted to Ciba Laboratories Ltd. for supplies of prednisone (" ultracorten ").
Population and Primary Health Care Characteristics and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality—Reply
Authors: Louis S. Levene
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human Plasma and the Antibacterial Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions
Authors: K. A. Borchardt, J. A. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The influence of human plasma on the antibacterial effect of solutions for peritoneal dialysis was studied. The solutions contained 43 mEq per litre of either acetate or lactate as the source of base. Enough pooled human plasma was added to half of each solution to give a total concentration of a gramme of protein per litre. The numbers of viable organisms from 15 clinical isolates each of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas species were counted before and after incubation in the four solutions. Numbers of viable Staph. aureus and E. coli diminished consistently after incubation in all four solutions, but the greatest decreases occurred in the acetate solution which contained no plasma. Plasma abolished the greater antibacterial effect of acetate on these organisms. Differences between numbers of viable Pseudomonas sp. after incubation in the four solutions were not significant. The diffusion of substances from plasma into dialysis fluids during peritoneal dialysis, therefore, may abolish the greater antibacterial effect of solutions made with acetate rather than lactate.
Shouldn't enantiomeric purity be included in the 'minimum information about a bioactive entity? Response from the MIABE group
Authors: Sandra Orchard, Bissan Al-Lazikani, Steve Bryant, Dominic Clark, Elizabeth Calder, Ian Dix, Ola Engkvist, Mark Forster, Anna Gaulton, Michael Gilson, Robert Glen, Martin Grigorov, Kim Hammond-Kosack, Lee Harland, Andrew Hopkins, Christopher Larminie, Nick Lynch, Romeena K. Mann, Peter Murray-Rust, Elena Lo Piparo, Christopher Southan, Christoph Steinbeck, David Wishart, Henning Hermjakob, John Overington, Janet Thornton
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2012)
The First Street-Railway Ambulance-Car
Authors: George Homan
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the<i>Scientific American</i>, April 5, 1913, p. 316, in the description of a street-car ambulance for Bahia, Brazil, the statement is made that "not until the present time has there been manufactured a conveyance for the transportation of hospital patients over the street-car tracks of any city." That South American may not be given credit which rightly belongs to our own country I wish to point out that in December, 1894, an ambulance-car which I originated while health commissioner of St. Louis went into service. Descriptions of the car appeared in several publications at the time.
NEJM stands by its criticism of Vioxx study
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The New England Journal of Medicine last week reaffirmed the expression of concern that it made last December, about the omission of three heart attacks from a study of rofecoxib (Vioxx) published in 2000. The online editorial was published on 22 February 2006 (http://content.nejm.org, doi: 10.1056/NEJMe068054).

The journal also published responses from 11 authors of the study who are not employed by Merck, the drug's manufacturer, and from two authors who are (doi: 10.1056/NEJMc066096).

The controversy concerns the VIGOR (Vioxx gastrointestinal outcomes research) study, which compared upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib with naproxen and was published in the journal in 2000 ( New England Journal of Medicine 2000;343: 1520-8).

Last year, the journal editors reviewed electronic documents relating to the study when the journal's executive …