tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paediatrics--Past and Present
Authors: F. M. B. Allen
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Background</h3> Delayed functional independence (DFI) in patients who do not experience early improvement after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is commonly observed in clinical practice. Recent studies suggest that the rate of DFI is approximately 30%. Younger age, lower discharge NIHSS score, and absence of any hemorrhage are independent predictors of DFI. We aim to validate the recently reported DEFIANT score to predict delayed functional improvement in the TIGER Study. <h3>Methods</h3> Demographic, clinical, radiological, treatment, and procedural information were analyzed from Tiger Trial (patients with complete data and undergoing EVT for anterior circulation LVO). Incidence of delayed functional independence (DFI, mRS score 0–2 at 90 days in non-EFI patients) was analyzed and the DEFIANT score was validated in the TIGER study. The DEFIANT score incorporates age, discharge NIHSS score, and presence/absence of any hemorrhage at discharge (Online calculator: https://bit.ly/3KZRVq5) probability of DFI= e<sup>(3.9699 – (.0359 * age) – (.2276*discharge NIHSS) – (.6013*hemorrhage)</sup>/[1 + e<sup>3.9699 – (.0359 * age) – (.2276*discharge NIHSS) – (.6013 *hemorrhage)</sup>] <h3>Results</h3> A total of 137 patients met study criteria. DFI was observed in 38% (30/79) of non-early improvers (79/137). Receiver operating curves for the DEFIANT score showed a robust capacity to predict delayed functional independence (using optimal cut-off of 0.42 for predicting DFI) (figure 1: area under the curve 0.775). The DEFIANT score had sensitivity 69%, specificity 86%, positive predictive value 74%, and negative predictive value 87% for detecting DFI. If the TIGER study had stopped follow-up for outcomes at discharge and used the DEFIANT score, rate of predicted 90-day mRS 0–2 would be similar to actually observed 90-day mRS 0–2 (60.5% vs 61.3%, p=0.90). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The DEFIANT score, utilizing readily available variables such as age, discharge NIHSS score, and presence/absence of any hemorrhage, is a reliable tool to predict the probability of delayed functional independence after stroke thrombectomy. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>S. Desai:</b> None. <b>R. Jha:</b> None. <b>J. Catapano:</b> None. <b>R. Gupta:</b> None. <b>J. Saver:</b> None. <b>E. Levy:</b> None. <b>O. Zaidat:</b> None. <b>D. Yavagal:</b> None. <b>A. Jadhav:</b> None.
Diagnosis and management of recurrent urinary tract infections in non-pregnant women
Authors: K. Gupta, B. W. Trautner
Journal: BMJ (2013)

#### Summary points

Recurrent acute cystitis, or recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), is common in women, and most primary care providers will encounter this clinical entity many times in their practice. Women who have two or more infections in six months or three or more in one year meet the traditional definition of recurrent UTI that has been used for studies on prophylaxis, risk factors, and self initiated management.1 2 3 4 5 6 However, from a clinical perspective, any second episode of UTI warrants consideration as a recurrence and requires an informed approach to diagnosis and management. Most of these recurrences are considered to be reinfections rather than relapse or failure of initial therapy, although reinfection with the same strain can occur. Modifiable risk factors are few, and retrospective case-control observational studies indicate that genetic predisposition may play a role.7 8 

This review will focus on the causes of recurrent UTI, when and how to investigate women who present with this problem, and how to manage and prevent recurrent infections. The recommendations are limited to non-pregnant adult women without comorbidities apart from diabetes. It is important to distinguish between this population …
High-Dose IgG Completely Inhibited TNF-α-Induced, but Not IL-1β- or Poly (I:C)-Induced, G-CSF Expression by Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells
Authors: Akio Matsuda, Hideaki Morita, Hirotoshi Unno, Hirohisa Saito, Kenji Matsumoto, Jun Abe
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology in infants and young children, and it is frequently associated with coronary artery aneurysms. High-dose infusion of IgG (IVIG) effectively reduces systemic inflammation and the incidence of coronary artery lesions in 80-90% of KD. However, for reasons that remain unclear, some patients do not respond to IVIG. In order to obtain clues to the cause of IVIG resistance, we compared the in vitro effects of high-dose IgG on cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) exposed to various inflammatory stimuli. HCAECs were stimulated with TNF-α, IL-1β or Poly (I:C) in the presence and absence of 20 mg/ml human polyclonal IgG for 48 hours. G-CSF and IL-6 mRNAs and proteins were measured by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. High-dose IgG completely inhibited TNF-α-induced expression of G-CSF and IL-6, which are known to be crucially associated with the pathogenesis of acute KD. In contrast, high-dose IgG only partially inhibited Poly (I:C)-induced expression of these cytokines and did not inhibit IL-1β‑induced expression at all. The pathogenesis of IVIG-resistant KD may be associated with viral-induced or IL-1β-induced inflammatory reactions, and blockade of those pathways may be a new therapeutic target for IVIG-resistant KD.
Oral albendazole for the treatment of cutaneous larva migrans
Authors: S.K. JONES, N.J. REYNOLDS, SIMONE OLIWIECKI, R.R.M. HARMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Cutaneous larva migrans is becoming more common in the U.K. with the popularity of tropical countries as holiday destinations. We describe the increasing use of a new benzimidazole derivative, albendazole, which is very effective in the treatment of cutaneous larva migrans. In contrast to thiabendazole, it is virtually free from side-effects and should, we feel, become the treatment of choice for this condition.
Platelets constitutively express IL-33 protein and modulate eosinophilic airway inflammation
Authors: Tomohiro Takeda, Hirotoshi Unno, Hideaki Morita, Kyoko Futamura, Maiko Emi-Sugie, Ken Arae, Tetsuo Shoda, Naoko Okada, Arisa Igarashi, Eisuke Inoue, Hiroshi Kitazawa, Susumu Nakae, Hirohisa Saito, Kenji Matsumoto, Akio Matsuda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Microbiology: Including Immunology and Molecular Genetics
Authors: G. Wesley White
Journal: JAMA (1981)

As the preface to the third edition correctly states, this continues to be a textbook designed for the student of microbiology. It can be a valuable reference for the clinical microbiologist and infectious disease specialist, but probably has little relevance for the practicing physician. The format has not changed from the 1973 edition. There are five major sections. The first two cover bacterial physiology and molecular genetics. The authors give a very detailed presentation of bacterial structure and metabolic pathways, with an emphasis on advancements in nucleic acids. Plasmids are described in a new chapter. Section 3 is devoted to immunology and is one of the strongest sections of the book. It, along with the virology section, can be obtained as a separate volume. Recent advances in immunologic techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescent antibody, immunodiffusion, and radioimmunoassay are covered thoroughly. Chapters on immunoglobulins, complement, and a new
Oxygenation of Cats by Hydrogen Peroxide during Temporary Ventilatory Arrest
Authors: S. A. Feldman, J. R. Hoyle, J. P. Blackburn
Journal: BMJ (1966)

minor radio-opacities ranging from phleboliths and arterial calcification to calcified periosteal reactions.The presence of bone in the base of the ulcer may be a cause for non-healing.In two of our cases in which loose bone was removed more rapid healing seemed to occur on conservative treatment.However, in other cases, where sub- cutaneous bone was not removed from the ulcer or adjacent areas, healing took place with conservative treatment, surgical measures not being necessary.It is therefore difficult to assess the effect of ossification on healing of a chronic ulcer.The bone may be the cause or the effect of non-healing of the ulcer.The formation of new bone may conceivably be part and parcel of the long-term tissue changes associated with prolonged venous stasis.The appearances of subcutaneous ossification are patho- gnomonic (Moberg, 1939; Gray, 1959).This ossification is confined to the subcutaneous layer and produces a coarse network or opacities of bone density in the leg below the knee and above the ankle (Special Plate, Fig. 2).When seen in profile it produces a straight edge, which can be seen to impinge on the subdermal layers.There are definite varia- tions in density within this coarse network, which tends to encircle the leg and occurs most markedly in its middle third.This network of subcutaneous ossification may vary in extent from a small area to relatively widespread involve- ment.It is easily distinguished from phleboliths, arterial calcification, or periosteal reactions.Though the three latter types of change are often found with varicose veins and may occur with the ossification network pattern, they can easily be recognized.Other radiographic opacities which occur in soft tissues, such as those seen in cysticercosis, guinea-worms,
1363 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA BY QUANTITATIVE METAGENOMICS: A PROMISING TOOL FOR RISK STRATIFICATION IN NAFLD PATIENTS
Authors: V. Ratziu, M. Pichaud, L. Fedchuk, Florence F. Levenez, Benoit B. Quinquis, Nathalie N. Galleron, Jean-Michel J.-M. Batto, Nicolas N. Pons, Emmanuelle E. Le Chatelier, Mathieu M. Almeida, Sean S. Kennedy, Joël Doré, Stanislav S. Ehrlich, P. Rimbaud
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Not Using Insulin
Authors: Laura M.C. Welschen, Evelien Bloemendal, Giel Nijpels, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Robert J. Heine, Wim A.B. Stalman, Lex M. Bouter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

A strict glycemic control reduces the risk of the development of micro- and macrovascular complications (1–3). In the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study, each 1% reduction in HbA1c was associated with a 37% decrease in risk for microvascular complications and a 21% decrease in risk for any end point or death related to diabetes (3). In clinical practice, a 3-monthly visit to the general practitioner is recommended for the assessment of glycemic control (4). There is now much debate on the effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) as a tool in the self-management of diabetic patients (1,5,6).

SMBG aims at collecting information on blood glucose levels at different time points during the day and allows for the timely identification of high levels. SMBG has proven effective for patients with type 1 diabetes (7–9) and patients with type 2 diabetes who are using insulin (10–12) because the information about a patient’s glucose level is useful to refine and adjust insulin dosages, resulting in an improved glycemic control. It has been suggested that patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin might also benefit from SMBG (13). These patients might cope more independently with their disease when using SMBG, and they might achieve a better understanding about the factors that affect their disease and potentially a better perceived quality of life. SMBG might also improve adherence to pharmacological treatment and motivate patients to make appropriate lifestyle changes (10,14).

Until 2001, several reviews investigated the literature on the effectiveness of SMBG in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin and reported no clear effects of SMBG on HbA1c (1,5,6,15). Other outcome measures like quality of life …
Aging of the Lung: Perspectives. The Tenth Hahnemann Symposium
Authors: Giles F. Filley
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This collection of essays on the lung summarizes many established opinions, and the interesting group discussions touch on several exciting hypotheses and yet hardly any concepts on aging of the lung can be considered established. Aging in general is not well understood and information on how the lung grows old is very sparse indeed. However, valuable material on pulmonary function and structure is contained in these pages.  The tremendous drop with age in the maximal breathing capacity remains obscure, but Dubois presents data on a few old lungs which helps to explain it. The aging process limits the lateral separation of collagen subunits and increases the elastin content of lungs; yet old lungs have less recoil than young ones. Radford says he does not know about aged surfactant but is most provocative in his thoughts about the high residual volume in old age. Robinson summarizes the data on the impaired
The Royal Touch
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

CORONATION year has brought expressions of loyalty to the Crown from all sections of the community, and the medical profession has not been backward in paying its own homage. Many journals have published coronation issues, and these have recalled in special articles the long-standing royal patronage of the profession and the keen interest that many monarchs have taken in the health of their people.E. Ashworth Underwood, in an article in the British Medical Journal, Coronation Number,* traces the relation between the Crown and medicine. He describes how St. Bartholomew's, the oldest London hospital and dating from 1123, came into . . .
TEACHING TEMPERANCE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Authors: CHAS. H. SHEPARD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

That the temperance problem is fraught with imminent consequences both to the present and future generations, none can deny. The educational method of dealing with the subject commands itself to all, for if it is studied from a purely scientific standpoint, then whatever advance is made will be permanent, and leave no room for an emotional reaction. The use of narcotics has become such an overshadowing calamity that it behooves all to make diligent inquiry if perchance there may be some way of escape for our people. Not those who give way to such indulgences are to become the permanent inhabitants of our land, for such conditions do but bring about an inferiority and degeneration that eventually and surely leads to extinction. We also well know that by studying and obeying the laws of life and health, the term is lengthened and its enjoyment enhanced. This is a subject that
Ensuring Safe and Effective Use of Medication and Health Care
Authors: Darren A. DeWalt
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atlas of Clinical Haematology
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Physicians and technicians who examine smears of blood, bone marrow, lymph node, and splenic aspirates, using Wright or similar stains, have use for a good hematologic atlas. Typical cell types must be learned by the novice; abnormal cell types and patterns should be available for reference by the expert. This volume is an excellent aid for both groups and, in addition, includes a section on parasites in the blood. Most illustrations are from artists' renditions included in the first edition, 18 years ago— large, pertinent drawings of individual cells or fields with excellent detail and true colors. A number of photomicrographs have been added to this edition, mostly with Wright stain but a number with other special stains. They are generally at a lesser magnification than the drawings. While most are of excellent quality, some mediocre views are included. A few electron micrographs are added to facilitate understanding of structure.
DNA Repair by ERCC1 in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Cisplatin-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Ken A. Olaussen, Ariane Dunant, Pierre Fouret, Elisabeth Brambilla, Fabrice André, Vincent Haddad, Estelle Taranchon, Martin Filipits, Robert Pirker, Helmut H. Popper, Rolf Stahel, Laure Sabatier, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Thomas Tursz, Thierry Le Chevalier, Jean-Charles Soria
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves survival among patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer, but there is no validated clinical or biologic predictor of the benefit of chemotherapy.We used immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) protein in operative specimens of non-small-cell lung cancer. The patients had been enrolled in the International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial, thereby allowing a comparison of the effect of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy on survival, according to ERCC1 expression. Overall survival was analyzed with a Cox model adjusted for clinical and pathological factors.Among 761 tumors, ERCC1 expression was positive in 335 (44%) and negative in 426 (56%). A benefit from cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with the absence of ERCC1 (test for interaction, P=0.009). Adjuvant chemotherapy, as compared with observation, significantly prolonged survival among patients with ERCC1-negative tumors (adjusted hazard ratio for death, 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50 to 0.86; P=0.002) but not among patients with ERCC1-positive tumors (adjusted hazard ratio for death, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.55; P=0.40). Among patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, those with ERCC1-positive tumors survived longer than those with ERCC1-negative tumors (adjusted hazard ratio for death, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.90; P=0.009).Patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer and ERCC1-negative tumors appear to benefit from adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy, whereas patients with ERCC1-positive tumors do not.
Monitoring Heparin Therapy in Hemodialysis
Authors: James E. Congdon
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Three tests of anticoagulation—the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and the Celite and BaSon activated whole blood coagulation times—were evaluated to determine the value of each test as a reliable monitor of heparin sodium therapy in mongrel dogs, normal human controls, and patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Mean normal clotting times were as follows: aPTT, 29.42 seconds; Celite, 92.54 seconds; and BaSon, 80.40 seconds.  The Celite and BaSon test values increased essentially as a linear function of rising heparin concentration, while the aPPT values rapidly became inaccurate. Therapeutic ranges in each test reflecting adequate heparinization were as follows: aPPT, 60 to 100 seconds; Celite, 140 to 200 seconds, and BaSon, 160 to 300 seconds.  The Celite and BaSon tests are rapid, accurate, simple monitors of heparin-induced anticoagulation levels, and they are particularly useful to control anticoagulation in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Using “Big Data” to Optimize Public Health Outreach
Authors: Ramone F. Williams, Gideon P. Smith
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Baseline SYNTAX Score Predicts Long Term Mortality in Elderly (≥70) Patients Treated with Primary Angioplasty
Authors: Arif Oguzhan Cimen, Vecih Oduncu, Atila Bitigen, Ayhan Erkol, Nihal Tefik, Abdulmelik Yildiz, Taylan Akgun, Yuksel Dogan, Can Yucel Karabay, Ali Cevat Tanalp, Cevat Kirma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Exercise-induced ST depression in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. A meta-analysis.
Authors: R Gianrossi, R Detrano, D Mulvihill, K Lehmann, P Dubach, A Colombo, D McArthur, V Froelicher
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To evaluate the variability in the reported diagnostic accuracy of the exercise electrocardiogram, we applied meta-analysis to 147 consecutively published reports comparing exercise-induced ST depression with coronary angiography. These reports involved 24,074 patients who underwent both tests. Population characteristics and technical and methodologic factors, including publication year, number of electrocardiographic leads, exercise protocol, use of hyperventilation, definition of an abnormal ST response, exclusion of certain subgroups, and blinding of test interpretation were analyzed. Wide variability in sensitivity and specificity was found (mean sensitivity, 68%; range, 23-100%; SD, 16%; and mean specificity, 77%; range, 17-100%; SD, 17%). The four study characteristics found to be significantly and independently related to sensitivity were the treatment of equivocal test results, comparison with a "better" test such as thallium scintigraphy, exclusion of patients on digitalis, and publication year. The four variables found to be significantly and independently related to specificity were the treatment of upsloping ST depressions, the exclusion of subjects with prior infarction or left bundle branch block, and the use of preexercise hyperventilation. Stepwise linear regression explained less than 35% of the variance in sensitivities and specificities reported in the 147 publications. There is wide variability in the reported accuracy of the exercise electrocardiogram. This variability is not explained by information reported in the medical literature.
Role of collateral blood flow in the apparent disparity between the extent of abnormal wall thickening and perfusion defect size during acute myocardial infarction and demand ischemia
Authors: Howard Leong-Poi, Matthew P. Coggins, Jiri Sklenar, Ananda R. Jayaweera, Xin-Qun Wang, Sanjiv Kaul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)