tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 804: Disseminated tumor cell heterogeneity and dormancy in prostate cancer.
Authors: Hung-Ming Lam, Lisly Chéry, Ilsa Coleman, Bryce Lakely, Sandy Larson, Roger Coleman, Lisha Brown, Kathy Doan, Jennifer Noteboom, Xiaotun Zhang, Lawrence True, Peter Nelson, Bruce Montgomery, Paul Lange, Linda Snyder, Robert Vessella, Colm Morrissey
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) can remain in the bone marrow for a prolonged period of time (&amp;gt;5 years) while the patient shows no evidence of disease before the cancer eventually recurs. Dormant cancer cells can be detected in bone, the principal metastatic site of PCa, and these bone-homing cancer cells are known as disseminated tumor cells (DTC). Little information is available on the heterogeneity and dormancy of DTC in PCa. In this study, we isolated and compared the gene expression profile of individual DTC (n=45) from the bone marrow of 4 PCa patients with no evidence of disease and 5 patients with advanced disease. Using principle component analysis and cluster analysis of the 1000 most variable genes, we determined the heterogeneity of the DTC population within each patient. To identify a dormancy signature from DTC in the bone marrow and primary PCa cells, we carried out two gene expression analyses: DTC in patients with no evidence of disease vs. those with advanced disease, and primary PCa tissues from patients with a short vs. long dormancy period post radical prostatectomy (8-86 months). Genes associated in other cancers with cellular senescence, cell-cycle inhibition, and dormancy were analyzed. Candidate genes from both gene expression arrays were validated at the protein level by a tissue microarray consisting of 64 primary PCa cases that recurred after either a short or long dormancy period post radical prostatectomy (6-121 months). The identification of heterogeneous gene signatures in DTC and novel proteins that promote dormancy will guide the development of possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets to prevent PCa recurrence, possibly by either eliminating DTC or inhibiting their escape from dormancy. Citation Format: Hung-Ming Lam, Lisly Chéry, Ilsa Coleman, Bryce Lakely, Sandy Larson, Roger Coleman, Lisha Brown, Kathy Doan, Jennifer Noteboom, Xiaotun Zhang, Lawrence True, Peter Nelson, Bruce Montgomery, Paul Lange, Linda Snyder, Robert Vessella, Colm Morrissey. Disseminated tumor cell heterogeneity and dormancy in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 804. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-804
Esophageal Food Bolus Obstruction: Evaluation of Extraction and Modified Push Techniques in 75 Cases
Authors: None Weinstock, None Shatz, None Thyssen
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Flexible endoscopy using a variety of accessories and techniques is recommended as the preferred approach to dislodge (or disimpact) and remove food bolus obstructions from the esophagus [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]. The choice of which techniques are employed should depend on the underlying esophageal disorder and the amount and character of the food bolus. In this study, the efficacy, efficiency, and safety of extraction and modified push techniques were evaluated in 75 episodes of food bolus obstruction. We also report our experience in dilating strictures during the same session.
Nasogastric Intubation: A Potentially Knotty Problem
Authors: Harold H. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> One of the most common hospital procedures is the use of the lowly nasogastric (NG) tube. As all physicians who use NG tubes know, nasal irritation and ulceration are common complications. Sinusitis, serous otitis, and pharyngitis are also commonly seen. I recently intubated a 5-year-old child with a degenerative CNS disease to administer food and medications. The position of the tubes was ascertained by the usual clinical practice of aspirating gastric contents and blowing air through the tube while listening over the stomach. The tube functioned well for two days, but on the third day it became impossible to inject or aspirate through the tube. Initially, on withdrawing the tube, an increased amount of resistance was felt. The withdrawal of the last 6 to 8 cm was difficult and mildly painful to the patient. Cause of the difficulty was immediately apparent (Figure). The patient had a
Noninvasive Monitoring of Long-Term Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Gene Expression in Rodent Brain with Bioluminescence Imaging
Authors: Christophe M. Deroose, Veerle Reumers, Rik Gijsbers, Guy Bormans, Zeger Debyser, Luc Mortelmans, Veerle Baekelandt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Gene transfer into the central nervous system is an emerging therapeutic strategy for a range of neurological diseases, including neurodegeneration. This approach would benefit from imaging technologies that could determine the extent, magnitude, and duration of transgene expression. We have used bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to image lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer into the mouse brain. We constructed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 lentiviral vectors that encode firefly luciferase and transduce cells in culture. After stereotactic injection of these vectors into the brain, we were able to detect luciferase expression in living mice and rats. We characterized the signal in mouse brain in terms of localization, kinetics, resolution, and reproducibility and demonstrated that it correlates with the level of firefly luciferase expression. Although the signal decreased gradually to about 20% of the initial value in the first month, the signal remained constant thereafter for more than 10 months. We demonstrated that the light signal can be used as a reporter by using a bicistronic vector. This is the first study to document noninvasive monitoring of long-term transgene expression in the adult mouse brain and provides the basis for applying BLI in the study of brain disease and gene therapeutic strategies.
Regulatory T cells in atopic dermatitis: epidermal dendritic cell clusters may contribute to their local expansion
Authors: A. Szegedi, S. Baráth, G. Nagy, P. Szodoray, M. Gál, S. Sipka, E. Bagdi, A.H. Banham, L. Krenács
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an essential role in tolerance and immune regulation. However, few and controversial data have been published to date on the role and number of these cells in atopic dermatitis (AD).To investigate the number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs and interleukin 10-producing T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells in patients with AD.Peripheral blood and skin biopsy samples from atopy patch test (APT)-positive patients with acute- and chronic-phase AD were investigated. Immunohistochemistry was applied to identify CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs in the skin, while flow cytometry was used to detect CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs and Tr1 cells in the peripheral blood.In the peripheral blood samples of patients with AD significantly elevated numbers of Tr1 cells were found. Although neither the absolute number nor the percentage of CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs showed significant alteration in the peripheral blood of patients, increased numbers of FOXP3+ Tregs were detected in skin biopsy specimens. All of the APT-positive skin samples showed epidermal dendritic cell aggregates, morphologically consistent with so-called Langerhans cell microgranulomas, which also contained intermingled FOXP3+ Tregs.Tr1 cell numbers were elevated in the peripheral blood and increased numbers of CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs were detected in the skin of patients with AD. The epidermal dendritic cell clusters in APT-positive lesional skin showed a close connection to the FOXP3+ Tregs.
Effect of patients seeing a general practitioner in accident and emergency on their subsequent reattendance: cohort study
Authors: A. W Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2000)

General practitioners working in an accident and emergency department manage non-emergency patients safely and use fewer resources than do usual accident and emergency staff. 1 2 In our previous study we speculated that this intervention might have the potential to break the cycle of "inappropriate attendance" at accident and emergency, use of hospital resources, and perceived confirmation of need for a visit. 2
A randomized placebo-controlled study of long-acting octreotide for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Man-Fung Yuen, Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon, Ching-Lung Lai, Sheung-Tat Fan, Chung-Mau Lo, Ka-Wah Wong, Wai Man Wong, Benjamin Chun-Yu Wong
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Although various types of treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been tried, the prognosis remains dismal, especially in patients with advanced stage of the disease. Somatostatin analogues exert antitumor effects. HCC have been shown to exhibit somatostatin receptors. The present randomized placebo-controlled study aimed at examining the efficacy of long-acting octreotide (Sandostatin LAR) for the treatment of advanced HCC. Seventy patients were randomized to receive a 2-week course of 250 μg short-acting octreotide twice daily followed by Sandostatin LAR 30 mg injection once every 4 weeks for 6 doses (n = 35) or placebo (control group) (n = 35). The clinical and laboratory parameters were monitored. There was no difference in the cumulative survival between the Sandostatin LAR-treated group compared with the control group [median survival 1.93 months vs. 1.97 months, respectively, P = NS (log-rank test)]. There was no tumor regression and no reduction of α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in patients receiving Sandostatin LAR treatment. There was no improvement of quality of life assessed by Karnofsky performance score. In conclusion, Sandostatin LAR monotherapy did not have survival benefit in our selected group of patients with advanced HCC. Further studies should be performed in patients with less advanced disease and/or different etiology to evaluate its benefit.
Health department is to shut down patient records site that was too hard to use
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Department of Health in England is to close a patient records website that was judged “too difficult” to use by one of the government’s leading health technology experts.

Charles Gutteridge, the national clinical director for informatics, told a conference that the NHS’s online personal health organiser HealthSpace (www.healthspace.nhs.uk) would close within a year.

HealthSpace was set up in November 2003 to help patients store and keep a track of their personal health and medication details; exchange information with clinicians; and, from October 2007, access their NHS summary care records.

Gutteridge referred to problems …
Acute urinary tract infection in children.
Authors: J. M. Smellie
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In the past confusion has arisen over the terminology used to describe infections of the urinary tract.In this article the fol- lowing terms and definitions will be used:A urinary tract infection is a condition in which actively multiplying bacteria persist in bladder urine.This state is indicated when a pure.growth of 100,000 organisms or more per ml. is obtained on culture of two consecutive clean specimens of urine, or by any growth on culture of a speci- men of urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration of the blad- der.Symptomatic infections are usually accompanied by more than 10 white cells per cu.mm. of uncentrifuged fresh urine.The presence of pus cells is evidence of an inflammatory process in the genito-urinary tract but is not synonymous with bacterial infection of the urine.Acute pyelonephritis is a term used to describe attacks of urinary infection in which loin pain, fever, and frequency of micturition occur, and in which infection of renal tissue is suspected.Direct evidence of involvement of the renal parenchyma or pelvis, however, can be obtained only by methods inappropriate for routine use in children-such as by ureteric catheterization or culture of renal biopsy speci- mens.Indirect evidence may be obtained by measuring the antibody response to the infecting organism or by the presence of a positive blood culture.Chronic pyelonephritis.-Severeor persistent infection of the renal parenchyma may be followed by the coarse irregu- lar scarring characteristic of chronic atrophic pyelonephritis.This can be recognized on pyelography by reduction in renal size, localized thinning of the renal cortex, and blunting of the corresponding calyx (Fig. 1).When this sequence of
Endothelium-specific loss of murine thrombomodulin disrupts the protein C anticoagulant pathway and causes juvenile-onset thrombosis
Authors: Berend Isermann, Sara B. Hendrickson, Mark Zogg, Mark Wing, Marjorie Cummiskey, Yaz Y. Kisanuki, Masashi Yanagisawa, Hartmut Weiler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The thrombomodulin (TM) gene was ablated in mice in a cell type-restricted manner from vascular endothelium by Cre-recombinase-mediated excision controlled by the endothelial cell lineage-specific Tie2 promoter. Forty percent of mutant (TMLox-) mice display a distinct lethal embryonic phenotype not observed in completely TM-deficient embryos. The remaining 60% of TMLox mice survive beyond birth, but invariably succumb to a severe hypercoagulable state and massive thrombosis after 3 weeks, terminating in a lethal consumptive coagulopathy. The progression of thrombosis was age- and sex-dependent. Disruption of the TM/protein C pathway was not associated with a latent proinflammatory state. Disease onset and progression could be prevented by warfarin anticoagulation. These results show that in mice, loss of endothelial cell TM function causes spontaneous and fatal thrombosis in the arterial and venous circulation, resulting from unfettered activation of the coagulation system. The combination of complete disease penetrance, uniform disease onset at young age, large vessel thrombosis of the extremities and multiple organ systems, and consumptive coagulopathy as the disease end-point provides a unique mouse model of human thrombotic disease.
Discovery and development of natural heat shock protein 90 inhibitors in cancer treatment
Authors: Yong Li, Dongmei Zhang, Jun Xu, Junmin Shi, Lei Jiang, Nan Yao, Wencai Ye
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that plays a vital role in the signal transduction of cancers. Hsp90 inhibitors are able to inhibit Hsp90 or the complex of Hsp90 and co-chaperones resulting in the degradation of Hsp90-dependent client proteins through the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, thereby leading to the growth inhibition of tumor cells. This review will briefly discuss the molecular structure and biological function of Hsp90, and focus on a summary of recent progress in the development and testing of natural Hsp90 inhibitors and their different means by which they interact with Hsp90.
MAXX: Maximum Access to Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: S. Satya-Murti
Journal: JAMA (1993)

OINOS: I dreamed that I should be at once cognizant of all things, and thus at once be happy.... AGATHOS: Ah, not in knowledge is happiness, but in the acquisition of knowledge!... to know all [is] the curse of a fiend. —Edgar Allan Poe,<i>Power of Words</i> The compact disk (CD) is almost the perfect answer to a bibliophile's cravings. One currently available CD includes the full text of almost 1000 literary classics and historical documents. The medical field is not far behind; several well-loved texts and journals are fast coming into the pale of the optical media. The print format of these books and journals has already earned reader adulation. It is the CD format that should win user acceptance now. MAXX is a single CD that operates in a Windows environment. It contains the entire text of 19 Little, Brown manuals: Clinical Problems in Dermatology, Dermatologic Therapeutics, Allergy
There may not be an A-not-B error
Authors: Thomas A. Stoffregen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

In the A-not-B situation children reach toward location A when the object is at location B. Researchers interpret this as an error. I question this interpretation. Reaches are inaccurate only if the intention actually is to obtain the hidden object. If this is not the goal, then reaching for A may be accurate and there may be no error to be explained.
THE TREATMENT OF THRUSH WITH GENTIAN VIOLET
Authors: Harold K. Faber
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Although in the majority of instances thrush yields, in from four to ten days, to simple cleansing with mild alkaline washes or weak solutions of formaldehyd, it is occasionally very intractable and even dangerous. While usually a minor disease, it is readily transmissible and constitutes one of the major contagious problems in hospital wards for very young infants. For a long time the need has been felt of a local antiseptic which would be prompter and more reliable both as a curative and, in the presence of epidemics, as a preventive agent than those in general use. For such purposes the dyes recently introduced into clinical therapeutics by Young and his associates appeared to us to deserve a trial. In several instances in which we used mercurochrome-220 soluble (from 1 to 2 per cent. aqueous solutions) definite improvement occurred but not with striking rapidity, and moreover we feared that repeated
SURVEY OF RETARDED CHILDREN IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF MASSACHUSETTS
Authors: Neil A. Dayton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1928)

1. Heredity, as recorded in the 3553 school clinic examinations, reveals that feeble-mindedness is present in one or both parents in approximately 7 per cent of cases, mental disease in approximately 3 per cent of the cases, and epilepsy in 1 per cent of the cases. The comparison in heredity made with cases in the Wrentham State School, seems to indicate that the inheritance of mental defect is more obvious in institution cases than in school clinic cases. 2. Approximately 72 per cent of the children examined were feeble-minded. 3. Sixty per cent of the children examined were unsuccessful in their attempts to pass the first grade in school. 4. There is little difference in the order of birth of these retarded children and children in the general population. 5. Physical defects were very common. In fact, there were but 26 children out of the total of 3553 who were without physical defect. Four children out of five had defective teeth or tonsils. One retarded child out of four had defective vision or hearing, one out of six had a defective heart or defective circulation. One out of seven had a nervous disease or disorder. One out of seven had a disorder of the bones. 6. Height and weight revealed but little variation from accepted averages in the general child population. 7. Four hundred and fifty-eight cases having two examinations at a mean interval of one and one-half years, show an increase in the mean mental age from seven years to eight years. During this period, the mean intelligence quotient decreased from .76 to .73. There were intelligence quotients which increased, but there were more showing a tendency to decrease, and consequently the mean of the second examination was depressed three points. Whether this decrease is significant or not is not yet settled, because of insufficient numbers. This study of mental deficiency is the first project under the new plan of organized research into the problems of mental disease and mental defect, which is being developed by the Massachusetts Department of Mental Diseases. When the entire investigation has been finished and a detailed study made of the completed material, conclusions will be in order. At this time, however, they would be premature. We can say that our present results suggest that there is a great deal of "legend" in much of the commonly accepted thought on feeble-mindedness. We have learned that there is much work to be done in studying extra-institutional cases before we can have a complete picture of mental deficiency. I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Henry B. Elkind, Director of the Massachusetts Society for Mental Hygiene, for his assistance in the preparation of the code and for his valued advice. Dr. Ransom A. Greene, Superintendent of the Walter E. Fernald State School, and Dr. George L. Wallace, Superintendent of the Wrentham State School, also receive my thanks for their suggestions and cooperation in rendering available the material of their travelling school clinics.
Computer Physician Order Entry
Authors: Barton M. Nassberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters20 April 2004Computer Physician Order EntryBarton M. Nassberg, MDBarton M. Nassberg, MDFrom Monmouth Endocrinology Associates, Freehold, NJ 07728.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Kuperman and Gibson on CPOE (1) was thought-provoking. The fact that this technology is being imposed on hospitals by the Leapfrog Group, that is, big business, is certainly disturbing. Following the lead of the likes of Enron, Philip Morris, and WorldCom does not seem promising. Their bottom line is a bottom line, not patient welfare. The productivity of physicians is also obviously of no concern to them. Had we wished to be data entry clerks, we could have entered that field with much less training.The somewhat positive experiences of various hospitals' CPOE systems ...Reference1. Kuperman GJ, Gibson RF. Computer physician order entry: benefits, costs, and issues. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:31-9. [PMID: 12834316] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Barton M. Nassberg, MDAffiliations: From Monmouth Endocrinology Associates, Freehold, NJ 07728. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoComputer Physician Order Entry: Benefits, Costs, and Issues Gilad J. Kuperman and Richard F. Gibson Computer Physician Order Entry Gilad J. Kuperman and Richard F. Gibson Computer Physician Order Entry David B. Edwards Metrics 20 April 2004Volume 140, Issue 8Page: 669KeywordsComputers ePublished: 20 April 2004 Issue Published: 20 April 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Criticism of Editorial on Oxaluria
Authors: P. G. Skillern
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I take exception to the statement in the editorial on "Oxaluria" inThe Journal, June 21, 1913, p. 1959, that "we believe that it is a tenable conclusion to say that the only conspicuous significance of the oxalates at present is to be found in their tendency to form sediment or concretions." In my experience, numerous oxalate of lime crystals in the urine are accompanied by symptoms of headache, irritability, depression, lassitude, insomnia and dyspepsia. Not all may be present in every case, but one or more usually is. Insomnia that does not yield to the numerous hypnotics often yields to correction of oxaluria. At this season tomatoes, rhubarb and strawberries may cause oxaluria, and "tomato-joint" is a well-recognized clinical entity. Cure is effected by administration of the strong nitrohydrochloric acid, 7 drops after each meal in a full glass of water, taken through a glass tube