tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The family impact of childhood atopic dermatitis: the Dermatitis Family Impact questionnaire
Authors: None Lawson, None Lewis-Jones, None Finlay, None Reid, None Owens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Little information is available about the effect of childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) on family function. The aim of this study was to identify the areas of family life most affected and their perceived importance. Intensive qualitative interviews with 34 families were conducted and 11 basic problem areas were identified. A detailed questionnaire was prepared, part of which addressed the perceived importance of particular issues using the framework of multi-attribute utility theory. The results from using this questionnaire in 41 families were analysed and a shorter 10-question one-page Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) questionnaire designed (maximum score = 30). In affected families the mean DFI score was 9.6 +/- 7.0 (range 0-27, n = 56) and in unaffected families the mean score was 0.4 +/- 0.9 (range 0-3, n = 26, P < 0.0001). The DFI could potentially be used as an extra measure in clinical studies, or to help guide appropriate management of AD.
Prenatal diagnosis for severe inherited skin disorders: 25 years' experience
Authors: H. Fassihi, R.A.J. Eady, J.E. Mellerio, G.H.S. Ashton, P.J.C. Dopping-Hepenstal, J.E. Denyer, K.H. Nicolaides, C.H. Rodeck, J.A. McGrath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Over the last 25 years there have been major advances in methods for prenatal testing of inherited skin disorders. Since 1979, our group at the St John's Institute of Dermatology has performed 269 prenatal diagnoses, using a variety of approaches, including fetal skin biopsy (FSB), chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Objectives This study was designed to review the clinical indications, testing procedures and laboratory analyses for all prenatal tests conducted at St John's over this period. Methods FSBs were examined for morphological and, when relevant or feasible, immunohistochemical abnormalities. The DNA‐based tests involved screening by nucleotide sequencing, restriction enzyme digests or, in a few cases, by linkage analysis. Results Of the 269 tests, 191 were FSB, 76 were CVS and two were PGD. The major indications for FSB were epidermolysis bullosa (EB) (138 cases, including 88 junctional and 48 dystrophic), ichthyoses (37 cases, including 22 tests for harlequin ichthyosis) and oculocutaneous albinism (12 cases). Of the CVS procedures, 75 were for EB (40 junctional, 35 dystrophic) and one was for the EEC (ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, clefting) syndrome. Both of the PGD procedures were for the skin fragility–ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. All tests provided accurate diagnoses and the fetal loss rate was ≈ 1% for both FSB and CVS. Conclusions The development of prenatal testing has proved to be of great benefit for individuals or couples at risk of having children with severe inherited skin disorders and, in the absence of a cure, prenatal testing along with appropriate counselling has become an important translational benefit of basic research and an integral part of clinical management.
The Genital Mycoplasmas
Authors: William M. McCormack, Peter Braun, Yhu-Hsiung Lee, Jerome O. Klein, Edward H. Kass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Introduction and Historical AspectsALTHOUGH the first isolation of a mycoplasma from a human being, a patient with a genital infection,1 was reported in 1937, it is only in the past few years that convincing evidence has appeared linking these organisms to disorders of the human genital tract. Genital mycoplasmas have now been associated with nongonococcal urethritis, acute salpingitis, abortion, post-partum fever and, most recently, with low birth weight. This review will attempt to evaluate critically the role of the genital mycoplasmas in human disease and to indicate areas of future investigations.Mycoplasmas were prominent in veterinary medicine long before . . .
Congress Puts Pressure on Scientists to Deal With Difficult Questions of Research Integrity
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST in scientific research integrity has taken a new and, in the view of some, more constructive turn. After a month in which one congressional committee called Secret Service investigators to testify about alterations in a scientist's notebooks, some semblance of sanity over the issue of what has been termed flawed versus fraudulent scientific research emerged during a hearing before a subcommittee of the Science, Space, and Technology Committee, House of Representatives.  While the debate on how to detect, correct, and prevent scientific fraud and misconduct continues, some changes in attitudes among scientists themselves are evident. In 1981, the same subcommittee heard testimony from Donald Fredrickson, MD, then director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Scientific fraud and misconduct were not a general problem, he said then. When it did occur, the scientific system had built-in self-corrective steps.  Different Story Today  Today, says the committee chair, Robert A.
In vitro effect of duodenal juice on R binders cobalamin complexes in subjects with pancreatic insufficiency: correlation with cobalamin absorption.
Authors: J Belaiche, J Zittoun, J Marquet, J Yvart, D Cattan
Journal: Gut (1987)

Absorption of cobalamin free or bound to chicken serum was assessed in nine patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Simultaneously the in vitro effect of duodenal juice collected from six patients and seven controls was tested on labelled cobalamin complexed to chicken serum or to R salivary binder. Malabsorption of free cobalamin was observed in one of nine patients and in four of nine patients when cobalamin was administered bound to chicken serum. The in vitro effect of duodenal juice on cobalamin complexed to chicken serum or to R salivary binder was studied: the percentage of free cobalamin released was significantly decreased in pancreatic insufficiency compared with controls whatever the binder used; the degradation of R salivary binder was different in pancreatic insufficiency and in controls. Despite the in vitro abnormalities observed in pancreatic insufficiency, these did not correlate with the in vivo absorption of cobalamin which was often normal in our patients.
THE ACTION OF ERGOT PREPARATIONS ON THE PUERPERAL UTERUS: A CLINICAL INVESTIGATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AN ACTIVE CONSTITUENT OF ERGOT AS YET UNIDENTIFIED
Authors: C. Moir, H. H. Dale
Journal: BMJ (1932)

division, this being justified by the issues at stake.The whole operation was done through one cannula.A direct vision telescope was used, and alongside this were passed the diathermy electrode and the electro-cautery.Both were used.As general anaesthesia was being employed I did not infiltrate the insertion of the adhesion with novocain, with the object of saving time.This, I believe, was a mistake, as every time the diathermy cutting -wire was used the spasm phenomenon in the muscles of the chest wall occurred, which greatly increased the difficulty of the operation.When the resistance of the tissues became great, or where they were thin, the electro-cautery was used.Thus, just when the adhesion became most difficult to deal with by diathermy, it became most easy with the electro-cautery.All adhesions were divided, and the child returned to bed in good condition.Respirations had been so deep that much air was expelled from the pleural cavity, and the lung almost re-expanded, but subsequent refills produced an excellent collapse.The child so dreaded the refills that it was decided to substitute an oleothorax for the pneumothorax.This was done gradu- ally.A year later the child was in good health, plump, _onny, and free from symptoms, and had gained over a stone in weight.-At the time of writing she is still in good health, and I believe she will continue to remain so.Diagrams of the x-ray pictures show the appearances at different stages.
Genetic instability in neural stem cells: an inconvenient truth?
Authors: Neil J. Harrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The evolutionary struggles from which mutants arise have been documented in almost every living system. In this issue of the JCI, Varela and colleagues extend this list of systems to include neural derivatives of human embryonic stem cells, which they show exhibit a repeated gain of material from chromosome 1q. Although this raises safety issues for therapeutic use of such cells, the frequent observation of a particular change may direct screening strategies for detection and removal of these unwanted cellular variants.
Common Patterns of Water and Electrolyte Change in Injury, Surgery and Disease
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

Ureterointestinal Anastomosis Clinical setting and appearances. As with the polyuria of relieved obstructive uropathy, this pattern of electrolyte disorder (Fig. 17) is neither inevitable nor invariable. Many patients with the underlying pathology, in this case an anastomosis between one or both ureters and some portion of the lower gastrointestinal tract, do very well over a period of years with little detectable abnormality in renal function, either by x-ray study or biochemically. Particularly prominent among those who do well are children who have had ureterointestinal anastomosis for congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract. Many adults also get along very . . .
Cats as a Factor in the Propagation of Infectious Diseases.
Authors: C. A. OSBORNE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Worcester, Mass., Aug. 2, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A research study is being made at Clark University in reference to the possible causal relation of cats as a factor in propagating infectious diseases, especially those of children. I wish to make an appeal through your columns to the readers ofThe Journalwho have observed any communication of disease from cats to human beings and to ask them kindly to put me in possession of such facts. This would aid materially in deciding to what extent the cat may be a source of danger in the transmission of communicable diseases.
Pulmonary Disability in the Hurler Syndrome (Lipochondrodystrophy)
Authors: John F. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE Hurler syndrome (lipochondrodystrophy, or gargoylism) is a rare disease with striking manifestations in the fully developed case. Typical features include numerous skeletal deformities, deafness, hepatosplenomegaly and cardiac involvement. Variants of the disease are probably more common, the So-Called formes frustes,1 and may be difficult to distinguish from the large group of eponymic connective-tissue disorders.2 The 2 cases of Hurler's disease reported below present pulmonary-function data on 1 patient and autopsy findings on another for the purpose of emphasizing the respiratory aspects of this disease; pulmonary insufficiency is an important component of the Hurler syndrome and has not received . . .
LITHOLAPAXY IN CHILDREN.
Authors: DUDLEY P. ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1889)

In accepting the invitation of our President to discuss before this body the subject of litholapaxy in children, I have felt no slight degree of hesitation. In the region of country where I reside —Cleveland, Ohio—stone in the bladder is of rare occurrence, so that no one surgeon secures a large number of cases for operation. However, having resided in the Massachusetts General Hospital, and having seen during three years the evolution of the operation of litholapaxy in the hands of Henry J. Bigelow, and having followed it carefully abroad as performed by Guyon of Paris, Sir Henry Thompson of London, and other surgeons, and having added to this some experience of my own in operating upon children—I shall venture briefly to open this discussion, hoping to elicit from others opinions which will be of value to us all. Though the operation of litholapaxy on children is a recent one,
The ribonucleic acid (RNA) skin test in systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases
Authors: E.A. JOHANSSON, K.-M. NIEMI, H. HALME
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

A series of 65 patients with different autoimmune diseases was examined using different RNA-solutions for intradermal skin tests. Clinically positive results were obtained most often in patients with mixed connective tissue disease but quite often also in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive systemic sclerosis or with some symptoms of an automimmune nature. The histological examination of the biopsies from the test sites revealed that there was no correlation between the clinically positive tests and the histological criteria usually used as a sign of a positive test.
Medical officer in the Royal Air Force
Authors: D. Rainford
Journal: BMJ (1997)

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The changes in the political arena of Europe since the Berlin Wall came down have allowed a reduction in the size of our armed forces. As a result the medical services have undergone a period of change and restructuring in order to meet the challenging demands of the future. The Royal Air Force has borne some of the most severe cuts, but has now settled down and is in a position once again to offer rewarding and satisfying careers in both primary and secondary care specialties.

Doctors join the Royal Air Force (either as fully qualified direct entrants or following house jobs as a cadet) and undergo initial officer training for eight weeks at RAF Cranwell. Leadership qualities are assessed and developed by learning about the traditions and administration of the RAF which adjusts medical officers to their new responsibilities as officers. Instruction in service specific medical matters, aviation medicine and advanced trauma life support are followed by posting to an accredited GP training practice practice on an active flying station. A station medical officer is responsible not only for the general practice care of his patients, but also for the occupational needs of the workplace, particularly in the field of aviation medicine and for aspects of public health. The young medical officer will gain experience of Royal Air Force life and of the special needs of its personnel. During this period preparations are made for the future training needs of the individual.

The intake of medical officers is on average 15 per year from the cadetship scheme and 3-5 per year as direct entrant officers. Approximately 60% of entrants opt for general duties and the rest will enter hospital practice.

Since April 1996 secondary care has been delivered to all of the services by the Defence Secondary Care Agency …

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Abstract 1159: A novel HGF-MET paracrine signaling pathway promotes growth and resistance to chemotherapy in lung cancer
Authors: Hyejin Choi, Ding Cheng Gao, Sharrell B. Lee, Anna Durrans, Seongho Ryu, Olivier Elemento, Stephen Wong, Nasser K. Altorki, Vivek Mittal
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Lung cancer is a leading cause of deaths from cancer among men and women worldwide with an estimated 1.5 million deaths each year. Available molecularly targeted therapies benefit a limited number of patients and even in these patients acquired resistance is a major impediment to effective therapeutic response. To address the need for additional therapeutic targets, we used a unique approach to identify and target tumor-stroma paracrine crosstalk pathways in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To explore paracrine crosstalk in NSCLC, we analyzed transcriptomes of specific stromal and epithelial compartments that were sorted from Kras driven mouse model of NSCLC. Transcriptome analysis and computational modeling of multi-cellular network identified potential tumor-stroma crosstalk signaling pathways. We have selected the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-MET tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway because both HGF and MET are associated with poor survival in many cancer types including lung cancer. Notably, we identified reprogrammed intratumoral macrophages as unique source of HGF, while the expression of MET receptor was confined to tumor epithelial compartment. Importantly, we have observed elevated HGF in chemoresistant tumors both in mouse and human. Previous studies have implicated MET receptor amplification or mutations as the main mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs, but little is known about the contribution of HGF ligand-dependent activation of MET signaling in NSCLC growth and resistance to chemotherapeutic regimens that are widely used. We have used a combination of culture experiments and in vivo genetic approaches to show that macrophage-derived HGF interacts with the MET receptor on tumor epithelial cells in a paracrine fashion, to activate downstream signaling pathways that promote tumor progression and mediate resistance to standard chemotherapies. Our investigations on this relatively unexplored HGF-MET paracrine interaction as a key mechanism of resistance to standard-of-care chemotherapeutic regimens-and not just EGFR targeted therapies-have the potential to benefit the NSCLC population as whole rather than a small subset of patients. Citation Format: Hyejin Choi, Ding Cheng Gao, Sharrell B. Lee, Anna Durrans, Seongho Ryu, Olivier Elemento, Stephen Wong, Nasser K. Altorki, Vivek Mittal. A novel HGF-MET paracrine signaling pathway promotes growth and resistance to chemotherapy in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1159
Smoking habits in psoriasis: a case control study
Authors: C.M. MILLS, E.D. SRIVASTAVA, I.M. HARVEY, G.L. SWIFT, R.G. NEWCOMBE, P.J.A. HOLT, J. RHODES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

We have examined smoking habits in 108 patients with psoriasis, including some with palmoplantar distribution, and compared the results with matched controls from the community. There was a significant association between psoriasis, current smoking status (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.44-5.42, P less than 0.01) and smoking habits prior to the onset of disease (OR = 3.75, 95% CI 1.68-9.47, P less than 0.001). There was also a marked dose-response relationship; the relative risk of psoriasis in those currently smoking more than 20 cigarettes/day was significantly elevated (OR = 5.3, 95% CI 2.1-13.0, P less than 0.001). Separate analysis of patients without palmoplantar distribution of psoriasis showed a significant association with smoking prior to onset of psoriasis (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.5-9.8, P less than 0.001). Smoking may play a role in the aetiology of this common skin disorder.
Growth control in mammalian cells by cell-cell contacts.
Authors: R J Wieser, D Renauer, A Schäfer, R Heck, R Engel, S Schütz, F Oesch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Growth of normal diploid mammalian cells in vitro is strongly regulated by the actual cell density. Cell-cell contacts via specific plasma membrane glycoproteins whose glycan moieties interact with specific receptors has been found to be a main growth regulatory principle. Malignant growth is suggested to result from impaired function of these receptors.
High la (HLA‐DR) and low CD11b (Mo1) expression may predict early conversion to leukemia in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Moshe Mittelman, Donald S. Karcher, Lisa A. Kammerman, Lawrence S. Lessin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract The FAB classification of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been useful in predicting prognosis; however, additional methods are required to detect patients at high risk for early conversion to acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to myelomonocytic surface antigens (MMSA) and flow cytometry, we studied bone marrow cells from 26 patients with MDS of all five FAB subtypes. The MMSA studied included la (HLA‐DR), CD11b (Mo1), CD14 (Mo2, My4), CD13 (My7), and CD33 (My9). Marrows were considered 'positive' for a given MMSA if the percentage of reactive cells exceeded the upper limit of the normal range. Twenty‐four of twenty‐six patients (92.3%) were CD13 (My7)+, suggesting that CD13 may serve as a diagnostic marker for MDS. Ten of twelve patients who developed ANLL during a median follow‐up of 44 weeks were la(HLA‐DR)+. The Kaplan‐Meier estimated median time to leukemia (TTL) was 16 weeks for la+ patients and 88 weeks for la– patients ( P = 0.004). All six patients who developed ANLL before 16 weeks from diagnosis were la+, while none of the la– patients converted to ANLL before 24 weeks. Nine of thirteen patients with low CD11b (Mo1) expression (&lt;53% reactive cells) developed ANLL, compared with only two of 11 patients with high CD11b expression (&gt;53% reactive cells). Kaplan‐Meier estimated TTL was 29 weeks for patients with low CD11b, compared to 160 weeks for patients with high CD11b ( P &lt; 0.05). Patients who met both criteria, la+ and low CD11b, represented the poorest prognostic subgroup, with median TTL of 13 weeks compared with 88 weeks for the others ( P = 0.017), la and CD11b patterns were not specific for MDS subtype, and their expression did not correlate with blast count. These data suggest that MDS patients whose bone marrow cells demonstrate high la (HLA‐DR) and low CD11b (Mo1) expression represent a poor prognostic subgroup with short TTL. These patients may be candidates for early aggressive or investigational treatment.
Serotyping for Homotransplantation
Authors: Paul I. Terasaki, Max R. Mickey, Dharam P. Singal, Kamal K. Mittal, Ramon Patel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

TWO recent developments have greatly changed the outlook of histocompatibility testing in clinical kidney transplantation. The first is the dramatic advances made in the area of serologic typing of leukocytes. The Third Histocompatibility Testing Workshop held in Torino, Italy, in June, 1967, showed that many laboratories are now identifying the same leukocyte antigens with considerable precision and that these antigens for the most part belong to a single complex system called HL-A.1 The second development has been the accumulation of evidence that these antigens function as histocompatibility antigens influencing kidney function, renal histology2 and survival of transplants3 from related donors. . . .
Africa: A Practical Guide for Global Health Workers
Authors: R. Scott McClelland
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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