tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-09-18: Doctors with breast cancer are more likely to opt for mastectomy: Fact or fiction?
Authors: RL O'Connell, G Gui, JE Rusby
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction Doctors who are diagnosed with breast cancer make up a small but unique subset of women owing to their medical knowledge. Anecdote suggests that doctors with breast cancer are more likely to opt for mastectomy than non-medically qualified patients. The primary aim of this study was to compare mastectomy rates in medically-qualified doctors with degree-educated controls with breast cancer. Methods Research ethics approval was obtained. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 1/1/2006 and 31/12/2011 and who had signed a generic research consent form were included in this observational study. Every patient was screened by occupation independently by 2 investigators to identify medically-qualified doctors and suitable (degree-educated) controls such as teachers, lawyers etc. Those with a medical background (e.g.nurse, physiotherapist etc) but not a medical doctor were excluded. Further exclusions were necessary if patients who were reviewed for a second opinion, reconstruction only or radiotherapy only or were male, surgery was not performed, BRCA positivity (might opt for bilateral mastectomy), unusual histology (e.g. lymphoma, sarcoma), recurrence or had a past history of contralateral breast cancer. Doctors and controls were compared by age, tumour characteristics and treatments using Student's t test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Results: In total 8623 patients were reviewed and/or treated for breast cancer of whom 5215 had signed the generic research consent form. Overall 607 were either doctors or appropriate occupation controls. After exclusions 473 patients were eligible to be included in the analysis. Of these: 51 were medically-qualified doctors and 422 were degree-educated (controls). Comparison of tumour characteristics and treatment between doctors and controls DoctorsControlspNumber51422 Mean age (years)53.350.80.11Mean total tumour size (mm)32.231.60.89 Number (%)Number (%)pDCIS alone10(20)53 (13)0.18Node positive16 (31)157 (37)0.44ER positive45 (88)337 (80)0.18HER2 positive12 (24)113 (27)0.73 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy6 (12)58 (14)0.83Adjuvant chemotherapy14 (27)154 (36)0.21 mastectomy17 (33)145 (34)1.00Immediate reconstruction9 (53)65 (45)0.61Post mastectomy radiotherapy5 (29)68 (47)0.20Comparison of age, tumour characteristics, mastectomy, chemotherapy and post mastectomy radiotherapy rates between doctors and the control group There was no statistical difference in age and tumour characteristics between the doctors with breast cancer and the control group. There was no statistical difference in chemotherapy rate, mastectomy rate, or uptake of immediate breast reconstruction or post-mastectomy radiotherapy in mastectomy patients between the doctors with breast cancer and the control group. Conclusion Doctors in this study were not statistically more likely to undergo mastectomy than controls. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-09-18.
Comparative Serum Hyaluronan Levels in Patients with Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease, Asthma, and Healthy Controls
Authors: Alexei Gonzalez-Estrada, Alana Majors, Lisa Ruple, Suzy A.A. Comhair, Xiaofeng Wang, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Mark A. Aronica
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Evidence That Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Response to Endotoxin Is Augmented in Atherosclerotic Rabbits
Authors: Christopher G. Sobey, Robert M. Brooks, Donald D. Heistad
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Atherosclerotic lesions contain monocytes/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells and thus may have an increased capacity for generation of nitric oxide by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We used three approaches (contractile responses, generation of l -citrulline from l -arginine, and staining with NADPH-diaphorase) to test the hypothesis that after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo, generation of nitric oxide by inducible NOS is augmented in atherosclerotic arteries. New Zealand White (normal, n=18) and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (atherosclerotic, n=21) rabbits were anesthetized and injected intravenously with vehicle or LPS. Contractile responsiveness of aortic segments was examined in vitro 4 hours after injection of LPS in vivo. There was a substantial (approximately fivefold) decrease in contractile sensitivity of aortas from LPS-treated atherosclerotic rabbits and a small (approximately twofold) decrease in normal rabbits. Incubation of aortic segments with aminoguanidine, which inhibits inducible NOS, restored contractile responsiveness after LPS treatment. In vitro assay of conversion of [ 14 C] l -arginine to [ 14 C] l -citrulline by aortic segments demonstrated marked (approximately fivefold) increase in calcium-independent conversion of [ 14 C] l -arginine by LPS-treated atherosclerotic, but not normal, aortas. NADPH-diaphorase staining demonstrated positive cells only in the endothelium of normal rabbits and in the lesions and media of the atherosclerotic aortas in both vehicle- and LPS-treated rabbits. The general distribution of these NADPH-diaphorase–positive cells resembled that of smooth muscle cells and not macrophages. Thus, impairment of contractile responses, generation of l -citrulline, and staining with NADPH-diaphorase suggest that atherosclerotic arteries have increased capacity for generation of nitric oxide by inducible NOS.
1025-44 Is the ICHOR platelet works test as valid as flow cytometry to assess the efficacy of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-receptor inhibitors in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention?
Authors: Jochem W van Werkum, Wim B.M Gerritsen, Hans C Kelder, Fred J.L.M Haas, Jurriën M ten Berg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Corticosteroid therapy. II. Complications and therapeutic indications
Authors: D. H. Streeten
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN GENERAL, complications of corticosteroid therapy are the same as the manifestations of spontaneous Cushing syndrome. We shall discuss each of these complications.  Abnormalities of Fat Distribution.—  There is increased deposition of fat in the supraclavicular, cervicodorsal, and the anterior neck areas, as well as in the face, which becomes rounded. These complications produce cosmetic damage only, and cannot be overcome except by reduction of steroid dosage. Generalized obesity tends to occur and should be minimized by caloric restriction.  Loss of Muscle Mass Causing Weakness and Fatigue.—  The administration of corticotropin rather than of individual glucocorticoids, or the use of adjuvant therapy with an anabolic agent probably reduces muscle wasting but at the frequent expense of causing hirsutism.  Skin Changes.—  The skin becomes erythematous, especially over the face, becomes thinned (probably because of reduced protein content), loses its elasticity, and shows stretch marks or striae in areas overlying large deposits
Government uses new method to judge performance of hospitals to try to prevent "gaming" of system
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A new official indicator of the number of patients who die after treatment in hospital has found 14 NHS trusts in England with a higher than expected mortality and 14 whose mortality is lower than expected.

The summary hospital level mortality indicator (SHMI) compares the number of patients who die within 30 days of treatment at a trust with the number expected to die if the trust performed at the national average rate. The actual deaths are corrected for factors outside the trust’s control, such as age, deprivation, and comorbidities.

The new measure, developed for the NHS by an expert committee, is similar to the hospital standardised mortality ratio (HMSR) published by the health analysis company Dr Foster.

Its creation was inspired by the occasional embarrassing gaps between the conclusions reached by Dr Foster and those of the health service regulator, at that time the Healthcare Commission. Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, now recognised to have been one of the most dysfunctional in the history of the NHS, was rated by Dr Foster among its five most improved hospitals …
Recurrent hypoglycaemia in a young man without diabetes
Authors: H. U. Rehman
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 37 year old man presented with a sensation of weakness, irritability, and poor concentration. His blood glucose was 2.4 mmol/L (reference range 3.6-11; 1 mmol/L=18.02 mg/dL). Three months earlier he had noticed a craving for sweets and episodes of weakness, sometimes associated with foggy sensorium. He felt cold, clammy, and fatigued during these episodes and his wife noticed that he acted strangely and had no memory for long periods. After drinking large amounts of cola he felt better and had gained 30 lb (13 kg) in weight during this time. His symptoms recurred when he had not eaten for several hours, particularly at night and in the early morning.

Several days before his current presentation, he had presented to another hospital with similar symptoms and was found to have a blood glucose of 2.6 mmol/L. He responded well to dextrose infusion and was discharged home.

His medical history was unremarkable except for an umbilical hernia repair and back surgery 10 years earlier. He was taking no prescription or over the counter drugs. He did not smoke and drank beer socially. He denied taking illicit drugs. His family history was positive for diabetes but he had not been diagnosed as having diabetes.

On arrival his blood pressure was 124/76 mm Hg, pulse was 94 beats/min, and respiratory rate was 18 breaths/min. He was confused, cold, and clammy. Examination of the rest of the neurological system; skin; joints; and cardiovascular, respiratory, and abdominal systems was unremarkable. His haemoglobin, white blood cell count, and platelet count were in the normal range. Sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, and liver panel results were normal. Glycated haemoglobin was 5% (31 mmol/mol). He responded to …
Risk of mortality in hydroa vacciniforme and hypersensitivity to mosquito bites
Authors: B. Poligone
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

All listed authors meet ICMJE authorship criteria. ORIGINAL ARTICLE, p 56 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is a common occurrence in adolescence in developed countries, whereas in developing countries the age of infection is frequently 3–4 years.1 The long‐term sequelae of EBV infection are varied and include a spectrum of diseases from Burkitt lymphoma, Duncan disease and post‐transplant lymphoma, to chronic active EBV disease (CAEBV). For the dermatologist, classical hydroa vacciniforme (cHV) and hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) are two diseases associated with EBV infection that may present to the clinic. Despite having the commonality of EBV infection, the two skin diseases could not be more different. cHV presents with vesicles on sun‐exposed skin without any systemic symptoms, while HMB presents with cutaneous lesions at sites of insect bites or vaccinations and systemic symptoms of fever, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Even more intriguing is that some cases of HV can present with systemic symptoms similar to those of HMB, but with the skin findings as in cHV. Some of these patients die, and earlier treatment provides some benefit.2 What has confused the clinician has been how to determine which patients with systemic symptoms require aggressive treatments such as stem cell transplants due to the associated mortality.
Recurrence Patterns After Open and Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Daniel P. Nguyen, Bashir Al Hussein Al Awamlh, Xian Wu, Padraic O’Malley, Igor M. Inoyatov, Abimbola Ayangbesan, Bishoy M. Faltas, Paul J. Christos, Douglas S. Scherr
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Measurement of intestinal progression of a meal and its residues in normal subjects and patients with functional diarrhoea by a dual isotope technique.
Authors: R Jian, Y Najean, J J Bernier
Journal: Gut (1984)

A new double isotopic method was used to measure the gastrointestinal progression of a meal in nine healthy subjects and seven patients with functional diarrhoea. 51 Chromium chloride (colonic marker) was ingested eight hours before the beginning of the scintigraphic study so that it was by then located in the colon at that time. A second marker, 99m Technetium sulphur colloid labelled the meal. Scintigraphic images were taken before and after the meal for two hours, detecting simultaneously the two isotopes. In the 51 Cr window right colon was localised and intracolonic propulsion was studied; and in the 99m Tc window gastric emptying and colon filling of the meal marker was quantified. A propulsive gastrocolic reflex was evidenced in five of the seven patients with functional diarrhoea but in none of the normal subjects. Unabsorbed residues of the meal are propelled rapidly in the ileocaecal region. Small intestinal transit of the meal marker was twice as rapid in patients with functional diarrhoea as in normal subjects.
Abstract 4232: Naematoloma sublateritium extracts suppresses TNF-alpha-induced expression of adhesion molecules through down-regulation of NF kappa B in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Yu Ran Lee, Hyun Jae Jang, Byeong Hwa Jeon, Tae Woong Kim, Ji Hong Kim, Jong Woon Choi, Sunga Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Inflammation is considered to play an important role in the cancer pathophysiology as a result of chronic reaction in vivo. Chronic inflammation has been involved in carcinogenesis including cellular transformation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis as well as vascular diseases. During the carcinogenesis, several kinds of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which were produced by tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells can activate NFκB transcriptional factor influencing proliferation, differentiation and movement of tumor cells. Therefore, the regulation of NFκB signaling pathway and might be a therapeutically impact diseases associated with cancer. Naematolma (=Hypholoma) is a basidiomycete of the fungus that is known to produce antitumor compound, clavaric acid. In this present study, we report for the first time that Naematoloma sublateritium butanol fraction (NSBF) dose-dependently inhibited TNF alpha-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Anti-adhesive activity of NSBF was correlated with the suppressed expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-8, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, NSBF significantly regulated nuclear factor (NF)-kB activation by TNF-alpha in luciferase reporter assay. Interestingly, NSBF also inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 expression in dose-dependent manner. It suggests the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 might be correlated with inhibition of proliferation in human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. In conclusion, we propose that NSBF may be a safe and potential therapeutic agent against chronic inflammation such as cancers. * This study was supported by Forest Sceince &amp; Technology Projects (NO. S120910L110000) KFS (Korea Forest Service) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4232. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4232
AACR Cancer Progress Report 2014
Authors: Carlos L. Arteaga, Peter C. Adamson, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Margaret Foti, Richard B. Gaynor, Susan G. Hilsenbeck, Paul J. Limburg, Scott W. Lowe, Elaine R. Mardis, Scott Ramsey, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Andrea L. Richardson, Eric H. Rubin, George J. Weiner
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Americans are more likely to survive a cancer diagnosis today than at any other time in history. In fact, thanks to the incredible strides that have been made in biomedical research, the percentage of the U.S. population living with, through, or beyond cancer has more than tripled since the U.S.
374. Knockdown of Shp-2 Expression by siRNA in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Derived EB Cells Affects Their Hematopoietic Development
Authors: Gang-Ming Zou, Rebecca J. Chan, W. Christopher Shelley, Mervin C. Yoder
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Shp-2 is a member of a small subfamily of cytoplasmic Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases. To address the question of whether Shp-2 is required for normal hemangioblast, primitive, and definitive hematopoietic development, we used Shp-2 siRNA to knockdown Shp-2 gene expression in embryonic stem (ES) derived embryoid body (EB) cells. We found that a pool of (but not single siRNA) Shp-2 siRNA at a concentration of 50 nM/ml was efficient to knockdown Shp-2 expression in EB cells. The density of Shp-2 protein in western blot assay was decreased about 10 fold in Shp-2 siRNA treated cells compared with cells treated with a scrambled control Shp-2 siRNA. The frequency of growth factor-dependent hemangioblast formation were decreased 5 fold following cell treatment with Shp-2 siRNA (112.6 |[plusmn]| 11.7 vs 31 |[plusmn]| 1), but not by scrambled Shp-2 siRNA (112.6 |[plusmn]| 11.7 vs 114 |[plusmn]| 12). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) promotes hemangioblast development. As Shp-2 is involved in the upstream signaling of bFGF receptor activation, we then asked whether Shp-2 was involved in this bFGF mediated hemangioblast effect. Addition of bFGF at doses of 10 and 20 ng/ml significantly increased (121.6 |[plusmn]| 4.7 vs 232.3 |[plusmn]| 10) and (121.6 |[plusmn]| 4.7 vs 281.3 |[plusmn]| 4.1) (compared with control siRNA treated cells) the frequency of hemangioblast formation. However, knockdown of Shp-2 gene expression by siRNA blocked the bFGF effect on hemangioblast development. In primitive hematopoietic assays, knockdown of Shp-2 expression in day-6 EB cells resulted in a (350 |[plusmn]| 12.5 vs 173 |[plusmn]| 16.3) 2 fold decrease in EPO-dependent Ery-P colonies, a (25 |[plusmn]| 2.3 vs 7.2 |[plusmn]| 1.8) 3 fold decrease in Ery-D colonies and a (23 |[plusmn]| 1.8 vs 4.1 |[plusmn]| 0.6) 5 fold decrease in GM-CSF-dependent CFU-GM colonies. Altogether, these data demonstrate that Shp-2 is required in hemangioblast, primitive, and definitive progenitor hematopoietic development. Shp-2 is also involved in bFGF regulation of hemangioblast development. We conclude that Shp-2 plays a critical role in hemangioblast, primitive, and definitive hematopoiesis.
Left Ventricular Unloading in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Is Safe and Feasible and Provides Acute and Sustained Left Ventricular Recovery
Authors: Krischan D. Sjauw, Maurice Remmelink, Jan Baan, Kayan Lam, Annemarie E. Engström, René J. van der Schaaf, Marije M. Vis, Karel T. Koch, Jan P. van Straalen, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Bas A.J.M. de Mol, Robbert J. de Winter, Jan J. Piek, José P.S. Henriques
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Abstract 4476: Targeted delivery of curcumin to improve therapeutic outcome in breast cancer
Authors: Rajesh Singh, James W. Lillard
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Conventional chemotherapeutics offered to treat breast cancer (BrCa) are not selectively targeted. Due to this fact, they are toxic to the normal cells. It is imperative to identify new anti-cancer agents and/or methods to selectively target BrCa cells without affecting normal cells. In this regard, Curcumin, a plant polyphenol, has shown very promising results. Despite the proven anti-tumor effects of curcumin, clinical use of this compound is restricted due to its poor bioavailability. To surmount these problems, we developed nanoparticles, loaded with curcumin, using a planetary-balled milling (PBM) technique with particles tagged with folate for selective targeting to BrCa cells, which express high affinity folate receptors. Multispectral imaging, using an Amnis ImageStream system, was used to measure the response of curcumin-loaded PBM nanoparticles, and free curcumin on various BrCa cell lines. Curcumin-loaded folic acid-coated PBM nanoparticles selectively targeted and were taken-up by BrCa cells and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, our results indicate that targeted delivery of curcumin using PBM nanoparticles was 60 % more effective in killing BrCa cells at concentrations lower than the IC50 of free curcumin. Citation Format: Rajesh Singh, James W. Lillard. Targeted delivery of curcumin to improve therapeutic outcome in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4476. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4476
UK charter aims to improve rights for the dead
Authors: H. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The Dead Citizens Charter , launched this week in the United Kingdom, warns that the average funeral in Britain is a “costly and miserable affair,” and calls for wide reforms of the £840m funeral industry to allow informed choice for those preparing for death.

The charter, published by the National Funerals College--an organisation set up in 1994 to improve funeral practices--and supported by Age Concern, expresses alarm over the cost of …
Aorta Replacement Surgery In a Rural County Hospital
Authors: Rhys A. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  The Boone County Hospital in Harrison, in northwest Arkansas, is a 130-bed general hospital that serves primarily a rural area with a population of approximately 60,000.  Treatment of aortic disease in a rural Arkansas hospital during the past decade is presented with an evaluation of surgical treatment of the abdominal aorta.  Data presented support the premise that effective surgical treatment is available even in the rural areas of our country.  During the decade 1961 to 1970, 36 patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of aneurysm, occlusion, or tumor of the abdominal aorta. Of these, 21 were treated by replacement of the infrarenal abdominal aorta with either a Dacron prosthesis or by endarterectomy.  We think that our data are particularly pertinent at this time. The public and administrative clamor for good medicine for all our citizenry has often denigrated the quality of medical services in rural areas. Our
Anti‐influenza virus agents: Synthesis and mode of action
Authors: Irene M. Lagoja, Erik De Clercq
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2006)

Annual epidemics of influenza virus infection are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality, and pandemics are much more devastating. Considerable knowledge of viral infectivity and replication has been acquired, but many details still have to be elucidated and the virus remains a challenging target for drug design and development. This review provides an overview of the antiviral drugs targeting the influenza viral replicative cycle. Included are a brief description of their chemical syntheses and biological activities. For other reviews, see References.1-9 © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 1, 1–38, 2008
Oral Manifestations of Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Anja Ulmer, Gerhard Fierlbeck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Figure 1. A 26-year-old man presented with a four-month history of whitish oral lesions and pain on swallowing (Panels A and B). The patient had noticed lesions on the glans penis seven months previously, but these had cleared spontaneously. Otherwise he was afebrile and in good overall health. Physical examination revealed pseudomembranous lesions and erosions of the tongue, the hard and soft palate, and tonsils, as well as generalized lymph-node enlargement. Condylomata lata, macular skin lesions, and alopecia were absent. Titers of Treponema pallidum were 1:81,920 on hemagglutination assay, and a fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test was positive. A serologic . . .