tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Associations between Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants, Phenolic Metabolites, and Thyroid Hormones during Pregnancy
Authors: Heather M. Stapleton, Sarah Eagle, Rebecca Anthopolos, Amy Wolkin, Marie Lynn Miranda
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are chemical additives used as flame retardants in commercial products. PBDEs are bioaccumulative and persistent and have been linked to several adverse health outcomes.This study leverages an ongoing pregnancy cohort to measure PBDEs and PBDE metabolites in serum collected from an understudied population of pregnant women late in their third trimester. A secondary objective was to determine whether the PBDEs or their metabolites were associated with maternal thyroid hormones.One hundred forty pregnant women > 34 weeks into their pregnancy were recruited into this study between 2008 and 2010. Blood samples were collected during a routine prenatal clinic visit. Serum was analyzed for a suite of PBDEs, three phenolic metabolites (i.e., containing an -OH moiety), and five thyroid hormones.PBDEs were detected in all samples and ranged from 3.6 to 694 ng/g lipid. Two hydroxylated BDE congeners (4´-OH-BDE 49 and 6-OH-BDE 47) were detected in > 67% of the samples. BDEs 47, 99, and 100 were significantly and positively associated with free and total thyroxine (T4) levels and with total triiodothyronine levels above the normal range. Associations between T4 and PBDEs remained after controlling for smoking status, maternal age, race, gestational age, and parity.PBDEs and OH-BDEs are prevalent in this cohort, and levels are similar to those in the general population. Given their long half-lives, PBDEs may be affecting thyroid regulation throughout pregnancy. Further research is warranted to determine mechanisms through which PBDEs affect thyroid hormone levels in developing fetuses and newborn babies.
Effects of Biatrial Pacing in Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Katherine Fan, Kathy L. Lee, Clement S.W. Chiu, Jan W.T. Lee, Guo-Wei He, David Cheung, Man Ping Sun, Chu-Pak Lau
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and results in prolonged hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biatrial pacing in preventing post-CABG AF compared with single-site atrial pacing. Methods and Results —A total of 132 patients who had no history of AF and who underwent CABG were randomized to 1 of the following 4 groups: biatrial pacing (BiA), left atrial pacing (LA), right atrial pacing (RA), or no pacing (control) in postoperative period. Overdrive atrial pacing was performed for 5 days. The incidence of AF was significantly reduced in the BiA group (12.5%) compared with the other 3 groups (LA, 36.4%; RA, 33.3%; control, 41.9%; P &lt;0.05). The mean length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in the BiA group. At baseline, the mean P-wave duration (P dur ) and dispersion (P dis ) were not prolonged. BiA pacing resulted in the most significant percentage of reduction in P dis when compared with the LA or RA groups (BiA, 42±8%; LA, 13±6%; RA, 10±9%; P &lt;0.05 for BiA versus LA or RA). No significant differences existed in mean P dur and P dis between patients who developed AF and those who remained in sinus rhythm at baseline. However, only those patients who remained in sinus rhythm had a significant reduction in mean P dur and P dis after pacing therapy. Conclusions —Biatrial overdrive pacing is more effective in preventing post-CABG AF than single-site atrial pacing; this therapy also results in a shortened hospital stay. The overall reduction in atrial activation time with BiA pacing was reflected in the reduction in P dis .
Therapeutic implications and sites of relapse predicted by elevated posttherapy erythrocyte sedimentation rate in early stage Hodgkin disease
Authors: Samuel Friedman, Michel Henry‐Amar, Jean‐Marc Cosset, Patrice Carde, Marcel Hayat, Noelle Dupouy, Maurice Tubiana
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

An analysis was performed of all 57 early relapses (ER) (within 18 months of therapy initiation) seen in a group of 301 patients treated on three successive European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) protocols from 1964 to 1981; to determine whether a posttherapy elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (greater than or equal to 30 mm) could predict the type of relapse and the effect upon the relapse of different therapies received. Overall most ER occurred in extranodal (EN) (42%) or irradiated transdiaphragmatic nodal (TDN) (40%) sites. Compared to patients with normal posttherapy ESR (n = 12), patients with elevated posttherapy ESR (n = 45) had the same proportions of outfield and late relapses; more frequent multiple sites of ER (38% vs. 25%), increased proportions of early EN relapses (16% vs. 3%), TDN relapses (17% vs. 2%), and other ER (6% vs. 1%). ER were most frequently observed between 1964 and 1971, and "modern" radiotherapy (Rt) decreased ER overall from 27% to 13% and for elevated posttherapy ESR patients from 54% to 25%. When chemotherapy (Ct) was used as either adjuvant or initial therapy, ER were greatly reduced vs. Rt alone [overall (6% vs. 28%) and for patients with elevated posttherapy ESR (10% vs. 39%)]. Stepwise logistic regression showed Ct to be the most important factor "protecting" from EN relapse, but elevated posttherapy ESR was still significant. For early TDN relapse, elevated posttherapy ESR had the highest predictive value for relapse, greater than the types of radiation fields used and chemotherapy. An unexplained elevated posttherapy ESR, regardless of previous therapy, predicts for ER from aggressive HD, frequently in EN and irradiated areas, and warrants further early therapy.
Puerperal Streptococcal Septicaemia
Authors: G. E. Bellamy
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Puerperal Streptococcal Septicaemia SIR,-I welcome the excellent letter of Dr. W. D. Allan in the Journal of October 12th on the question of the apportion,ment of the blame for those cases of puerperal deaths which from time to time all practitioners of obstetrics see. The lay press, taking their cue from some of our leading gynaecologists, have for too long been harping on the theme of the uneducated and negligent general practitioner-and midwife. I have personally conducted over 1,600 confinements in every social class and in every kind of environment. This may not be a vast experience, but it has confirmed me in the unalterable opinion that the fons et origo of puerperal disasters is in the already potentially infected woman herself, or in some other anatomical or biochemical latent disability inherent in her constitution. My experience is exactly the same as Dr. Allan's and countless other practitioners'. I have had, many a time before the district where I practise was supplied with midwives, to carry out difficult obstetric procedures on unclean women on filthy beds alive with fleas,  helped by a direct lineal descendant of Mrs. Gamp, the floor area almost completely occupied by the large double bed, one guttering candle, and a limited supply of hot water. Results? A normal puerperium, and the mother well and hard at work in a fortnight. The opposite picture need not be sketched. The incidence of sepsis and other post-natal troubles are evenly divided between the two classes. No, Sir, these clerics and elderly ladies are barking, in chorus up the wrong tree. If these anxious and bewildered committees on maternal mortality wish to see the death rate in childbirth reduced to nil, there must be compulsory attendance of all women of marriageable age at clinics where conception control (to use Lord Horder' s more accurate term) is taught and practised with a view to eliminating those cases which are clearly unfitted to become mothers owing to hereditary or acquired defects, and also in order to regulate the spacing of births. Those women passing the conception control room would then be periodically investigated biochemically and bacteriologically and treated accordingto the findings' before a pregnancy were permitted-a measure, I grant you, unattainable for many generations perhaps and savouring of Mr. Aldous Huxley's  brave new world. But this is an appeal, with Dr. Allan, to our honest and generous specialists in obstetrics to uphold -to the public the prestige of us general practitioners who bear the heat and burden of the day and who are no more to be blamed for deaths in childbirth than for deaths from cancer.-I am, etc.,
Autoimmune‐thrombocytopenia and sle in a patient with 5q‐anomaly and deletion of the c‐fms oncogene
Authors: Ulrich Jaeger, Simon Panzer, Claus Bartram, Oskar Haas, Beatrix Volc‐Platzer, Wolfgang Graninger, Klaus Geissler, Thaddaeusz Radaszkiewicz, Klaus Lechner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Autoimmune‐thrombocytopenia was the striking feature in a patient with typical clinical symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), complement C 4 deficiency, and positive lupus serology. However, myelodysplasia was found in the bone marrow and chromosome analysis revealed a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q‐ anomaly), which was confirmed by a hemitygosity for the c‐fms oncogene (CSF‐1‐receptor) on Southern blot. Autoimmune phenomena reported In conjunction with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), e.g., an elevation of antinuclear antibodies, are usually regarded as nonspecific. This case report suggests that SLE can occur in patients with MDS and that a concomitant autoimmune‐thrombocytopenia may mask the typical signs of the 5q‐ syndrome. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural Reinfection of Adults by Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Karl M. Johnson, Henry H. Bloom, Maurice A. Mufson, Robert M. Chanock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

RESPIRATORY syncytial virus has been shown to be responsible for a significant amount of acute respiratory disease during infancy and childhood.1 2 3 This virus was linked particularly with cases of pneumonia and bronchiolitis occurring among children less than two years of age. In one study outbreaks of infection were recorded during each of three successive years.4 Serologic studies indicate that infection is extremely common in early life, since 60 to 80 per cent of persons tested possessed neutralizing antibodies against the virus by four years of age.5 At present there is little information concerning infection among adults. Hamre et al.6 and . . .
Pathology, pathogenesis, and aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: L E Glynn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The opioid epidemic has risen to an all-time high. Harm reduction and prevention policies have not alleviated this crisis. Recent investigations have highlighted the efficacy and safety of marijuana-based products for pain management. Providing alternative pain treatment options may help mitigate the opioid epidemic. The distribution of codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, morphine, and oxycodone per 100K people and by 3-digit zip codes and overdose rates from 2014 to 2018 in California, which legalized recreational marijuana in 2016, were compared to Texas, where marijuana is functionally prohibited. Drug weights were obtained from the Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System and converted to oral morphine milligram equivalents. Overdose data was retrieved from the Centers for Disease Control’s WONDER database. California (−43.7%) and Texas (−27.3%) showed significant reductions in cumulative opioid distribution from 2014 to 2018. Opioid distribution per 100K people decreased −38.9% in California relative to −26.4% in Texas. Opioid and heroin overdoses increased between 1999 and 2019 by +11.6% in California but +272.7% in Texas. This evidence supports marijuana legalization as a mitigating factor to the opioid epidemic. Continued studies on safer pain management alternatives and policies will help identify measures that help combat the opioid epidemic.
Health minister Ara Darzi pushes innovation in the NHS
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Doctors have been challenged to come up with innovations to tackle some of the challenges that the population’s health face.

A £220m (€250m; $330) pot will be available to England’s 10 strategic health authorities to encourage innovation within the NHS. Each authority will receive £2m this year and £5m in each of the following four years as dedicated regional innovation funds.

England’s strategic health authorities have a legal duty to promote innovation and support the spread of innovative technologies and solutions throughout the health services. This is part of new measures set out in the health bill currently before parliament.

Strategic health authorities will …
Driving and the Heart Rate
Authors: Z. A. Leitner
Journal: BMJ (1967)

[Confidential, not for public use until the week before the conference date (as written in the Terms of Use Agreement).] Oral breathing is a real problem in pediatric population, which could cause respiratory or orthodontic disorders. Early diagnosis allows proper intervention (in most cases ENT or orthodontic treatment), however it is usually studied through surveys with parents, which are not sufficiently reliable. The aim of the work was to assess the accuracy of distinguishing nasal and oral breathing using the system (Clebre) consisting of wireless acoustic sensor and the mobile application, which utilizes artificial neural networks as a classifier. We proposed the solution to put the Clebre prototype on nose, and stream audio signal from the nasal cavity to the smartphone using Bluetooth. Online algorithm performed episode segmentation and machine learning classification into nasal and oral breathing. 90-seconds-lasting recordings, both for nasal and oral breathing were registered from 50 generally healthy students. The database of the parameters were divided in half into training and testing parts, and automatically labelled. We also tested individual classifier after calibration. We obtained overall accuracy of 93.92% (sensitivity 92.94% and specificity 94.77%) in determining between nasal and oral route. Using individual calibration allows to improve the accuracy to 95.76%. We noticed weak signal when breathing through the mouth, which can be a problem during ambulatory testing. Provided innovative system allows to carry out sleep testing during night to differentiate nasal and oral breathing with high accuracy and more comfortable way than when using nasal cannula or thermistors.
PIP implants don't pose risk to health, expert group concludes
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The final report of an expert group looking into the safety of silicone breast implants manufactured by the French firm Poly Implant Prothese (PIP) has concluded that although the implants are more likely to rupture or leak silicone than other devices, they do not pose a risk to human health.1

In the light of this evidence the Department of Health for England has reiterated its advice to the 40 000 UK women who had the implants not to have them removed routinely but to seek clinical advice.2 An estimated 747 women had breast augmentation surgery with PIP implants done on the NHS and are entitled to have the implants removed and replaced …
DIAGNOSIS OF DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS: COMPARISON OF CLINICAL EVALUATION, ULTRASOUND, PLETHYSMOGRAPHY, AND VENOSCAN WITH X-RAY VENOGRAM
Authors: DavidA. Sandler, JohnS. Duncan, Peter Ward, AnthonyC. Lamont, Susan Sherriff, JohnF. Martin, GlenM. Blake, LawrenceE. Ramsay, Brian Ross, Lee Walton
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
The Mammography Dilemma
Authors: Alfred O. Berg, Janet Allan, Steven Woolf
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters6 May 2003The Mammography DilemmaAlfred O. Berg, MD, MPH, Janet Allan, PhD, RN, CS, and Steven Woolf, MD, MPHAlfred O. Berg, MD, MPHU.S. Preventive Services Task Force; Rockville, MD 20852 (Berg, Allan, Woolf)Search for more papers by this author, Janet Allan, PhD, RN, CSU.S. Preventive Services Task Force; Rockville, MD 20852 (Berg, Allan, Woolf)Search for more papers by this author, and Steven Woolf, MD, MPHU.S. Preventive Services Task Force; Rockville, MD 20852 (Berg, Allan, Woolf)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-9-200305060-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The editorial by Dr. Steven Goodman (1) on the U.S. Preventive Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for breast cancer screening (2) made important observations on the difficulties in crafting evidence-based recommendations regarding mammography. The members of the USPSTF share Goodman's belief that no amount of rigor in critiquing evidence will extinguish the mammography debate or completely eliminate the subjectivity of grading evidence, but we take exception to three points.First, Goodman asserted that the USPSTF was inattentive to the harms of mammography. The full USPSTF recommendation and rationale statement, only part of which was published in Annals, more ...References1. Goodman SN. The mammography dilemma: a crisis for evidence-based medicine? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:363-5. [PMID: 12204023] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Screening for breast cancer: recommendations and rationale. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:344-6. [PMID: 12204019] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Recommendations and Rationale. Screening for Breast Cancer. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Accessed at www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/breastcancer/brcanrr.htm on 27 March 2003. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force; Rockville, MD 20852 (Berg, Allan, Woolf) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Breast Cancer: Recommendations and RationaleThe Mammography Dilemma: A Crisis for Evidence-Based Medicine? Steven N. Goodman The Mammography Dilemma: A Crisis for Evidence-Based Medicine? Steven N. Goodman The Mammography Dilemma Donald E. Stanley The Mammography Dilemma Steven N. Goodman Metrics Cited ByDisease, Outcomes, and Money 6 May 2003Volume 138, Issue 9Page: 770-771KeywordsAnxietyBiopsyCancer treatmentDuctal carcinoma in situEvidence based medicineMammographyRandomized trialsStatistical dataStatistical methodsSurgery ePublished: 6 May 2003 Issue Published: 6 May 2003 CopyrightCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Understanding Sexual Violence Perpetration—Reply
Authors: Michele L. Ybarra, Kimberly J. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

We agree with Reed et al that sexual violence perpetration is gendered. Indeed, this is the story that emerges from our study: although females and males perpetrate sexual assaults at equivalent rates, males are overrepresented in coercive sex and in attempted and completed rapes. Among those who have attempted or completed rape, female perpetrators tend to initiate this behavior at an older age than male perpetrators. Accordingly, there are some differences in the type of victims female and male perpetrators describe. We posit in our study that these data point to etiological differences in the emergence of sexual violence between males and females. As an epidemiological study, the main aim was to report prevalence rates. We certainly hope that the findings will invigorate future studies that are designed to better illuminate cultural and gender differences that may help contextualize the rates that we observed.... Language: en
CDC Tracking Enterovirus D-68 Outbreak Causing Severe Respiratory Illness in Children in the Midwest
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Letter: Alcohol and the brain.
Authors: C Brewer
Journal: BMJ (1976)

of the baby are impossible to carry out.Nevertheless, all the indications are that the practice is nearly always, in hot countries or cold, unnecessary and undesirable.Newborn babies often need frequent body contact and always require abundant opportunities to suckle.Their mothers, no less, need support and encouragement, as is recommended by the authors of the study.
The effects of biotin deficiency on organic acid metabolism: Increase in propionyl coenzyme A-related organic acids in biotin-deficient rats
Authors: Y-Y. Liu, Y. Shigematsu, A. Nakai, Y. Kikawa, M. Saito, T. Fukui, K. Hayakawa, J. Oizumi, M. Sudo
Journal: Metabolism (1993)