tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pressure-volume relations of the respiratory system in healthy children.
Authors: A Thorsteinsson, A Larsson, C Jonmarker, O Werner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Static pressure-volume (P-V) curves of the respiratory system were obtained in 48 healthy children (1 mo to 16 yr of age) during anesthesia and muscle paralysis. The lungs were inflated to a pressure of 25 to 40 cm H2O, and during the subsequent deflation an interrupter placed in the airway tubing opened and closed every 0.16 s. Airway flow was integrated to obtain the volume decrement between consecutive flow interruptions. Airway pressure was measured during interruptions, and a curve relating pressure to lung volume was plotted, assuming the lung volume at zero pressure to equal functional residual capacity (FRC). FRC was measured using tracer gas washout. The maximum slope of the P-V curve (maximum compliance = Crsmax, ml/cm H2O) was closely related to length (in centimeters) of the child: Crsmax = 7.7 x 10(-4) x length2.38; r = 0.97. The pressure coinciding with Crsmax was 6 +/- 1 cm H2O (mean +/- SD) in infants (1 to 6 mo of age) and 12 +/- 1 cm H2O in older children (> 1.5 yr of age). Total lung capacity (TLC) per kg body weight increased with age and was 52 +/- 13 ml/kg in infants and 87 +/- 11 mg/kg in older children. The FRC/TLC ratio was greater in infants (38 +/- 4%) than in older children (30 +/- 5%). The lung volume coinciding with Crsmax was nearly the same at all ages, when expressed as a percentage of TLC: 62 +/- 3%. Specific compliance of the respiratory system, that is, Crsmax/TLC, decreased with growth and was 0.044 +/- 0.006 cm H2O-1 in infants and 0.035 +/- 0.004 cm H2O-1 in older children. It is concluded that although the P-V relations of the respiratory system changed markedly with growth, especially during the first year of life, the lung volume (%TLC) at which maximum compliance occurred varied little.
Judge slams BAT's shredding policy as part of “a fraud”
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The “document retention policy” of British American Tobacco Australia Services (BATAS), under which sensitive documents were shredded, had been developed “for the purpose of a fraud,” Justice Jim Curtis of the Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales has found, in a damning ruling.

In the case before the tribunal, the transport services company Brambles Australia is seeking to recover part of $A200 000 (£79 800; €116 000; $150 300) in compensation costs paid to the family of Mr Alan Mowbray, who died from lung cancer in 2002. Mr Mowbray, a motor mechanic, was exposed to asbestos …
The cbb3 Oxidases Are an Ancient Innovation of the Domain Bacteria
Authors: A.-L. Ducluzeau, S. Ouchane, W. Nitschke
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

A survey of genomes for the presence of gene clusters related to cbb3 oxidases detected bona fide members of the family in almost all phyla of the domain Bacteria. No archaeal representatives were found. The subunit composition was seen to vary substantially between clades observed on the phylogenetic tree of the catalytic subunit CcoN. The protein diade formed by CcoN and the monoheme cytochrome CcoO appears to constitute the functionally essential "core" of the enzyme conserved in all sampled cbb3 gene clusters. The topology of the phylogenetic tree contradicts the scenario of a recent origin of cbb3 oxidases and substantiates the status of this family as a phylogenetic entity on the same level as the other subgroups of the heme-copper superfamily (including nitric oxide reductase). This finding resuscitates and exacerbates the conundrum of the evolutionary origin of heme-copper oxidases.
Wing-shaped plastic stents vs. self-expandable metal stents for palliative drainage of malignant distal biliary obstruction: a randomized multicenter study
Authors: Arthur Schmidt, Bettina Riecken, Susanne Rische, Christoph Klinger, Ralf Jakobs, Matthias Bechtler, Georg Kähler, Arno Dormann, Karel Caca
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Previous studies have shown superior patency rates for self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) compared with plastic stents in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. The aim of this study was to compare stent patency, patient survival, and complication rates between a newly designed, wing-shaped, plastic stent and SEMSs in patients with unresectable, malignant, distal, biliary obstruction. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A randomized, multicenter trial was conducted at four tertiary care centers in Germany. A total of 37 patients underwent randomization between March 2010 and January 2013. Patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with insertion of either a wing-shaped, plastic stent without lumen or an SEMS. <b>Results:</b> Stent failure occurred in 10/16 patients (62.5 %) in the winged-stent group vs. 4/18 patients (22.2 %) in the SEMS group (<i>P</i> = 0.034). The median time to stent failure was 51 days (range 2 – 92 days) for the winged stent and 80 days (range 28 – 266 days) for the SEMS (<i>P</i> = 0.002). Early stent failure (< 8 weeks after placement) occurred in 8 patients (50 %) vs. 2 patients (11.1 %), respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.022). After obtaining the results from this interim analysis, the study was discontinued because of safety concerns. <b>Conclusions:</b> The frequency of stent failure was significantly higher in the winged-stent group compared with the SEMS group. A high incidence of early stent failure within 8 weeks was observed in the winged-stent group. Thus, the winged, plastic stent without central lumen may not be appropriate for mid or long term drainage of malignant biliary obstruction. <break/>Study registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01063634).
Cholesterol screening programmes: how much potential benefit?
Authors: K. T. Khaw, G. Rose
Journal: BMJ (1989)

An early feature of Lyme disease is the distinctive erythema chronicum migrans.Bateman and Lawton described nine patients with Lyme disease who had unilateral or bilateral facial nerve palsies, and in three of these the palsy was associated with this skin lesion.'The induration and erythema seen in my patients may have been those of erythema chronicum migrans.Seven of the patients described here developed swelling and erythema of the face of varying severity that started before the facial nerve palsy.The appear- ances resembled those of cellulitis, but the affected skin was not painful or tender to touch.In addition, erythema of the tympanic membrane on the affected side was noted in two of these patients.These clinical features have not been reported in Bell's palsy.I recommend that a presumptive diagnosis of Lyme disease should be made in any patient presenting with a facial nerve palsy that is associated with induration and erythema of the face.The diagnosis becomes more probable if the patient presents in the summer and lives in, or has visited, an area in which the vector may be found.Treatment with an antibiotic should be started as soon as Lyme disease is suspected, rather than be delayed until the diagnosis has been confirmed by serological tests, because prompt treatment may hasten recovery from what would otherwise be a disfiguring complaint lasting several months.I Grodzicki BL, Stcere AD.Comparison of immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different antigen preparations for diagnosing early Lyme disease.
Essential Hyperlipaemia and Idiopathic Hypercholesterolaemic Xanthomatosis
Authors: P. Borrie
Journal: BMJ (1957)

MEDICAL JOURNALnot a prominent complaint in our series, nor was diarrhoea.The dose may have to be adjusted to the need of the patient; the average dose was 45 g. daily.Less than 30 g. may not by itself be enough to increase diuresis, but it may be enough to potentiate the effect of mercurial diuretics and to abolish water retention the day after injection. SummaryA new assessment of the diuretic properties of urea has been made.When integrated in action with mercurial diuretics urea has a special place in the thera- peutics of chronic heart failure with oedema.A group of 17 patients, all suffering from obstinate and prolonged right ventricular failure, has been studied.Fourteen had chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease, and some of these had developed cardiac hepatic cirrhosis with ascites; six underwent mitral valvotomy.Of the remaining three patients, heart disease in two was of coronary origin, and in the remaining one hypertensive.Urea was administered in doses of 15 g.dissolved in 2 oz.(57 ml.) of water or grapefruit juice thrice daily.Treatment was maintained over periods ranging from two and a half weeks to seven years.This treatment was found to be advantageous.In about half the patients a negative fluid balance was changed to positive on urea alone.In cases in which it remained negative, fluid retention became less.Urea was found to produce such effects even after mercurial diuretics had become useless.In several patients mer- curial diuretics were greatly augmented in their effect when urea was given concurrently.At worst, urea administration is never harmful, but it may have to be discontinued on account of distaste on the part of the patient or because of nausea and vomit- ing.At best it may be the means of maintaining, in a quiet occupation for several years a patient with grave valvular heart disease in whom this result is unattainable by any other medicaments singly or in combination.Between these extremes are the patients in chronic con- gestive failure who may receive many months of benefit, at first by prolongation of quiet activity free from oedema, and latterly by mitigation or abolition of distressing oedema and effusions until the last days of the illness.
Nonallergic angioedema: role of bradykinin
Authors: M. Bas, V. Adams, T. Suvorava, T. Niehues, T. K. Hoffmann, G. Kojda
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Angioedema is an underestimated clinical problem. Many cases are nonallergic reactions, e.g. bradykinin‐induced angioedema caused by genetic defects and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. This difference is crucial for successful therapy, in particular when complete emergency care is not available. Five important forms of nonallergic angioedema can be distinguished: hereditary (HAE), acquired (AAE), renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS)‐blocker‐induced (RAE), pseudoallergic angioedema (PAE) and idiopathic angioedema (IAE). Some angioedema are present in the larynx and may cause death. A vast majority of nonallergic angioedema are RAE, particularly those caused by ACE inhibitors. It appears important to emphasize that in patients with complete intolerance to RAAS‐blockers, cessation of RAAS‐blockers is likely to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Currently, there is no published algorithm for diagnosis and treatment. Angioedema is usually treated by a conservative clinical approach using artificial ventilation, glucocorticoids and antihistamines. Today, a plasma pool C1‐esterase inhibitor (C1‐INH) concentrate is the therapy of choice in HAE. The current pharmacotherapy of nonallergic angioedema is not satisfactory, thus requiring the identification of effective agents in clinical trials. Recently, several new drugs were developed: a recombinant C1‐INH, a kallikrein inhibitor (ecallantide) and a specific bradykinin‐B2‐receptor antagonist (icatibant). According to currently available reports, these drugs may improve the treatment of kinin‐induced angioedema.
Traitement endoscopique du diverticule de Zenker par myotomie du cricco-pharyngien
Authors: A Charachon, M Levy, M Firouzmand-Daneshvar, I Sobhani, JC Delchier
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: Le diverticule de Zenker est une cause de dysphagie haute et de régurgitations. Son traitement est habituellement chirurgical ou réaliséà l'aide d'un endoscope rigide. Quelques équipes européennes ont rapporté leur expérience de traitement à l'aide d'un endoscope flexible consistant à sectionner la paroi comprise entre le diverticule et l'oesophage ainsi que le muscle cricco-pharyngien qu'elle contient. Nous rapportons notre expérience.
Regulation of the Seminiferous Epithelium*
Authors: MARTTI PARVINEN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1982)

The development of male germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis involves three main phases: spermatogonial multiplication, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. In the seminiferous epithelium, cells in these developmental phases are arranged in defined associations or stages. Along the seminiferous tubules, these stages follow each other in regular fashion, giving rise to the wave of the seminiferous epithelium in most mammals. The time interval between the appearance of the same cell association at a given point of the tubule is called the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The dependence of spermatogenesis on pituitary FSH and on androgens secreted by Leydig cells in the testicular interstitial tissue is well documented. The somatic components of the seminiferous epithelium, the Sertoli cells, are the primary targets of these hormones. However, the local mechanisms, i.e. how Sertoli cells interact with the germ cells at various stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle, have remained poorly understood. New possibilities for biochemical studies of this interaction have become available with the transillumination-assisted microdissection technique. It permits a collection of seminiferous tubular segments at defined stages of the cycle in unstained living conditions.
Risk Factors Suggesting Malignant Transformation of Gastric Adenoma: Univariate and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: D. I. Park, P.-L. Rhee, J.-E. Kim, J. G. Hyun, Y.-H. Kim, H. J. Son, J. J. Kim, S. W. Paik, J. C. Rhee, K. W. Choi, Y. L. Oh
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Since gastric adenomas are precancerous lesions, polypectomy is necessary. However, there have been no reports suggesting factors capable of predicting malignant transformation of gastric adenomas removed by endoscopic snare polypectomy (ESP) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in Korea, a country in which gastric cancer is a major problem. The aim of this paper was to elucidate the risk factors suggesting malignant transformation of gastric adenomas removed by ESP or EMR at our center.Between November 1994 and June 1999, 118 gastric adenomas diagnosed on the basis of endoscopy and histological examinations of the forceps biopsy specimens obtained were treated by ESP or EMR at our department. Factors capable of predicting malignancy were searched for in the endoscopy reports, still photographs, and histopathological findings.Eight of the 118 adenomas ultimately proved to have malignant foci. In the univariate analysis, four of the variables studied--location, histological type, surface redness, and degree of dysplasia--had a statistically significant relationship with malignant transformation. In the multivariate analysis, only the degree of dysplasia had a statistically significant relationship with malignant transformation.These results suggest that a diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia in forceps biopsy material should be considered an absolute indication for ESP or EMR.
Tronothane in Primary Gingivostomatitis
Authors: Lewis H. Lambert, Otis Field Jillson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

PRIMARY herpetic gingivostomatitis can be an extremely debilitating disease. The painful oral lesions, which may last from eight to fourteen days, may interfere with eating and drinking so that parenteral fluid therapy is necessary. Whereas there appear to be some contraindications to the liberal use of the "caine derivatives" for symptomatic relief of this disease, in a recent case study Tronothane§ was found effective and without evidence of toxicity or sensitization.The Tzanck procedure is an easy and reliable method of confirming this diagnosis.Case ReportsD.L., a 34-year-old woman, had a past history of recurrent herpes simplex involving the . . .
The Courts, Futility, and the Ends of Medicine
Authors: Douglas B. White, Thaddeus M. Pope
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Postoperative Ulnar Neuropathy
Authors: John R. Mawk
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter by John F. Aita, MD, concerning ulnar neuropathy occurring after cardiac surgery (1981;245:2295) attracted our attention. We have also recently noticed two cases of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow occurring after coronary bypass surgery. One of these patients underwent ulnar nerve transposition and has shown remarkable improvement, both in sensation and in strength of the abductor digiti quinti muscle. We must take issue, however, with the suggestion that this neuropathy is exclusively compressive in nature. At our institution, we have scrupulously padded the elbow in patients undergoing surgery of any sort in the supine position. Furthermore, we are careful not to tape the arm on an arm board in such a fashion as to produce pressure in the cubital tunnel, either from the edge of the arm board or from adjacent tubing. Despite these precautions, we have noted the occurrence of postcardiotomy ulnar nerve palsy.
Does Performance-Based Remuneration for Individual Health Care Practitioners Affect Patient Care?
Authors: Sherilyn K.D. Houle, Finlay A. McAlister, Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Anderson W. Chuck, Ross T. Tsuyuki
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Pay-for-performance (P4P) is increasingly touted as a means to improve health care quality. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of P4P remuneration targeting individual health care providers. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, OpenSIGLE, Canadian Evaluation Society Unpublished Literature Bank, New York Academy of Medicine Library Grey Literature Collection, and reference lists were searched up until June 2012. Study Selection: Two reviewers independently identified original research papers (randomized, controlled trials; interrupted time series; uncontrolled and controlled before–after studies; and cohort comparisons). Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently extracted the data. Data Synthesis: The literature search identified 4 randomized, controlled trials; 5 interrupted time series; 3 controlled before–after studies; 1 nonrandomized, controlled study; 15 uncontrolled before–after studies; and 2 uncontrolled cohort studies. The variation in study quality, target conditions, and reported outcomes precluded meta-analysis. Uncontrolled studies (15 before–after studies, 2 cohort comparisons) suggested that P4P improves quality of care, but higher-quality studies with contemporaneous controls failed to confirm these findings. Two of the 4 randomized trials were negative, and the 2 statistically significant trials reported small incremental improvements in vaccination rates over usual care (absolute differences, 8.4 and 7.8 percentage points). Of the 5 interrupted time series, 2 did not detect any improvements in processes of care or clinical outcomes after P4P implementation, 1 reported initial statistically significant improvements in guideline adherence that dissipated over time, and 2 reported statistically significant improvements in blood pressure control in patients with diabetes balanced against statistically significant declines in hemoglobin A1c control. Limitation: Few methodologically robust studies compare P4P with other payment models for individual practitioners; most are small observational studies of variable quality. Conclusion: The effect of P4P targeting individual practitioners on quality of care and outcomes remains largely uncertain. Implementation of P4P models should be accompanied by robust evaluation plans. Primary Funding Source: None.
THE GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: J. W. Shackle, W. S. C. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1933)

improper dieting, and a " soil " favourable to t-he growth of all forms of micro-organisms has been cultivated.Bacteria which are always present and are usually quite harmless become active in -these patients, giving rise to conjunctivitis and to ulceration of the cornea.In patients in whom the disease has existed for many weeks, therefore, ulceration of the cornea and all other dangerous symp- toms are the result of secondary infection.The eyelids, nose, and the upper lip become swollen, and the skin of the face is covered by an eczematous eruption.Painful fissures form at the external canthus, the side of the nostrils, and round about the mouth.In addition, sebor- rhoea of the scalp, enlarged cervical glands, nasal and bronchial catarrh, and intestinal disturbances are common.It is all-important to remember that micro-organismsthat is to say " seed "-will only grow upon a suitable " soil."The general make-up of children who suffer from phlyctenular conjunctivitis is such that they offer feeble resistance to every form of infection, consequently they fall a ready prey to the ubiquitous tubercle bacillus.The clinical picture is always that of bovine tuberculosis, and it is very probable that in these patients who are attacked disordered carbohydrate metabolism has paved the way for the onset of the tuberculous infection.It is probable that in many adults who suffer from toxic amblyopia-the result of over-indulgence in tobacco or alcohol or both-there is disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism, and that a systematic estimation of the blood sugar may prove an important factor both in prognosis and in treatment.A full investigation of this subject offers a promising field for research.
SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.
Authors: F. SAVARY PEARCE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage, in unison with many other of the acute affections of the central nervous system, are so frequently aberrant and simulated by different diseases producing a sudden insult to that vital organ of the body, the brain, that rehearsing the subject as a whole seems timely before this representative body. We shall dwell upon the cardinal symptoms in due measure, we trust, and yet hope to point out the more unusual signs resulting from rupture of the cerebral vessels. Coming under the head of cerebral hemorrhage, not only an extravasation of blood in or about the brain, but thrombosis or embolism producing acute softening, which latter is indeed difficult to distinguish from a slow exudation of blood within the encephalon. This latter condition was shown recently in consultation with Dr. Küsel in a man, aged 63, visited on March 7, 1901. There was no history of