tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Emotional Distress in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments
Authors: A. Vodermaier, W. Linden, C. Siu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Screening for emotional distress is becoming increasingly common in cancer care. This systematic review examines the psychometric properties of the existing tools used to screen patients for emotional distress, with the goal of encouraging screening programs to use standardized tools that have strong psychometrics. Systematic searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases for English-language studies in cancer patients were performed using a uniform set of key words (eg, depression , anxiety , screening , validation , and scale ), and the retrieved studies were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Evaluation criteria included the number of validation studies, the number of participants, generalizability, reliability, the quality of the criterion measure, sensitivity, and specificity. The literature search yielded 106 validation studies that described a total of 33 screening measures. Many generic and cancer-specific scales satisfied a fairly high threshold of quality in terms of their psychometric properties and generalizability. Among the ultrashort measures (ie, those containing one to four items), the Combined Depression Questions performed best in patients receiving palliative care. Among the short measures (ie, those containing five to 20 items), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Among the long measures (ie, those containing 21–50 items), the Beck Depression Inventory and the General Health Questionaire–28 met all evaluation criteria. The PsychoSocial Screen for Cancer, the Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients–Revised, and the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist are long measures that can also be recommended for routine screening. In addition, other measures may be considered for specific indications or disease types. Some measures, particularly newly developed cancer-specific scales, require further validation against structured clinical interviews (the criterion standard for validation measures) before they can be recommended.
WHO guidelines for antimicrobial treatment in children admitted to hospital in an area of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission: prospective study
Authors: B. Nadjm, B. Amos, G. Mtove, J. Ostermann, S. Chonya, H. Wangai, J. Kimera, W. Msuya, F. Mtei, D. Dekker, R. Malahiyo, R. Olomi, J. A. Crump, C. J. M. Whitty, H. Reyburn
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To assess the performance of WHO's "Guidelines for care at the first-referral level in developing countries" in an area of intense malaria transmission and identify bacterial infections in children with and without malaria.Prospective study.District hospital in Muheza, northeast Tanzania.Children aged 2 months to 13 years admitted to hospital for febrile illness.Sensitivity and specificity of WHO guidelines in diagnosing invasive bacterial disease; susceptibility of isolated organisms to recommended antimicrobials.Over one year, 3639 children were enrolled and 184 (5.1%) died; 2195 (60.3%) were blood slide positive for Plasmodium falciparum, 341 (9.4%) had invasive bacterial disease, and 142 (3.9%) were seropositive for HIV. The prevalence of invasive bacterial disease was lower in slide positive children (100/2195, 4.6%) than in slide negative children (241/1444, 16.7%). Non-typhi Salmonella was the most frequently isolated organism (52/100 (52%) of organisms in slide positive children and 108/241 (45%) in slide negative children). Mortality among children with invasive bacterial disease was significantly higher (58/341, 17%) than in children without invasive bacterial disease (126/3298, 3.8%) (P<0.001), and this was true regardless of the presence of P falciparum parasitaemia. The sensitivity and specificity of WHO criteria in identifying invasive bacterial disease in slide positive children were 60.0% (95% confidence interval 58.0% to 62.1%) and 53.5% (51.4% to 55.6%), compared with 70.5% (68.2% to 72.9%) and 48.1% (45.6% to 50.7%) in slide negative children. In children with WHO criteria for invasive bacterial disease, only 99/211(47%) of isolated organisms were susceptible to the first recommended antimicrobial agent.In an area exposed to high transmission of malaria, current WHO guidelines failed to identify almost a third of children with invasive bacterial disease, and more than half of the organisms isolated were not susceptible to currently recommended antimicrobials. Improved diagnosis and treatment of invasive bacterial disease are needed to reduce childhood mortality.
Interrupting antiretroviral treatment fails to improve chronic HIV
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An idea that doctors can enhance specific cellular immune responses and decrease the number of viruses in the blood of patients with chronic HIV infection by regularly repeated interruptions of antiretroviral treatment may have been disproved by new research. Such interruption of treatment should not be pursued in people with chronic HIV infection, the scientists advise.

Increasing concerns over the long term toxicity of antiretroviral drugs, the increasing prevalence of resistance to the drugs, and the cost of continuous treatment have prompted researchers to explore other approaches, such as delaying treatment or administering the drugs intermittently.

It has been thought that repeated interruption can enhance HIV specific immunity. This is thought to occur …
Infection and Immunity, with Special Reference to the Prevention of Infectious Diseases.
Authors: George Miller Sternberg
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Additional SNPs and linkage-disequilibrium analyses are necessary for whole-genome association studies in humans
Authors: Christopher S. Carlson, Michael A. Eberle, Mark J. Rieder, Joshua D. Smith, Leonid Kruglyak, Deborah A. Nickerson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)

More than 5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor-allele frequency greater than 10% are expected to exist in the human genome1. Some of these SNPs may be associated with risk of developing common diseases2,3,4. To assess the power of currently available SNPs to detect such associations, we resequenced 50 genes in two ethnic samples and measured patterns of linkage disequilibrium between the subset of SNPs reported in dbSNP and the complete set of common SNPs. Our results suggest that using all 2.7 million SNPs currently in the database would detect nearly 80% of all common SNPs in European populations but only 50% of those common in the African American population and that efficient selection of a minimal subset of SNPs for use in association studies requires measurement of allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium relationships for all SNPs in dbSNP.
Complications of Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Robert W. Cantrell
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Complications after treatment are something most physicians would rather not think about. Most competent physicians recognize that untoward effects can occur with any therapy and strive to minimize or eliminate them. This has always been true, but interest in complications and their prevention has assumed greater importance with the increase in litigation for medical misadventures. Rising expectation on the part of patients is one reason for this increased litigation. In the past, patients were often grateful just to emerge alive from anesthesia for a minor surgical procedure. Now patients having major surgery expect little or no sequelae, minimal scarring, and a successful outcome. We, as physicians, have become victims of our own success. Major complications occur every day. Occasionally neither the physician nor the patient will recognize them immediately. John Conley, an eminent head and neck surgeon, recognizes that complications may befall the finest surgeon, irrespective of training or expertise.
Methylmalonic Aciduria
Authors: Leon E. Rosenberg, Anne-Ch. Lilljeqvist, Y. Edward Hsia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

An eight-month-old boy was seen with profound metabolic acidosis, developmental retardation and a very unusual biochemical triad: methylmalonic aciduria; long chain ketonuria; and intermittent hyperglycinemia. Ingestion of a diet high in protein or one with a moderate amount of protein supplemented with valine or isoleucine accentuated the methylmalonic aciduria and precipitated ketoacidosis and long-chain ketonuria. There was no temporal association between these clinical and biochemical abnormalities and the elevated plasma glycine concentrations. The findings suggest that the methylmalonic aciduria, acidosis and ketonuria are the result of an inborn enzymatic defect in the conversion of methylmalonyl coenzyme A to succinyl coenzyme A. These studies also demonstrate that methylmalonic aciduria and idiopathic hyperglycinemia are two distinct but very closely related disorders.
Spontaneous Cytokine Production in Children According to Biological Characteristics and Environmental Exposures
Authors: Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo, Neuza Maria Alcântara-Neves, Rafael Veiga, Leila D. Amorim, Vitor Dattoli, Lívia Ribeiro Mendonça, Samuel Junqueira, Bernd Genser, Mariese Santos, Lain Carlos Pontes de Carvalho, Philip J. Cooper, Laura Rodrigues, Maurício L. Barreto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundEnvironmental factors are likely to have profound effects on the development of host immune responses, with serious implications for infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders such as asthma.ObjectiveThis study was designed to investigate the effects of environmental exposures on the cytokine profile of children.MethodsThe study involved measurement of T helper (Th) 1 (interferon-gamma), 2 [interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13], and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 in unstimulated peripheral blood leukocytes from 1,376 children 4–11 years of age living in a poor urban area of the tropics. We also assessed the impact of environmental exposures in addition to biological characteristics recorded at the time of blood collection and earlier in childhood (0–3 years before blood collection).ResultsThe proportion of children producing IL-10 was greater among those without access to drinking water [p < 0.05, chi-square test, odds ratio (OR) = 1.67]. The proportion of children producing IL-5 and IL-10 (OR = 10.76) was significantly greater in households that had never had a sewage system (p < 0.05, trend test).ConclusionsThese data provide evidence for the profound effects of environmental exposures in early life as well as immune homeostasis in later childhood. Decreased hygiene (lack of access to clean drinking water and sanitation) in the first 3 years of life is associated with higher spontaneous IL-10 production up to 8 years later in life.
Toxicity of the Organophosphate Chemical Warfare Agents GA, GB, and VX: Implications for Public Protection.
Authors: N Munro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The nerve agents, GA, GB, and VX are organophosphorus esters that form a major portion of the total agent volume contained in the U.S. stockpile of unitary chemical munitions. Congress has mandated the destruction of these agents, which is currently slated for completion in 2004. The acute, chronic, and delayed toxicity of these agents is reviewed in this analysis. The largely negative results from studies of genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, developmental, and reproductive toxicity are also presented. Nerve agents show few or delayed effects. At supralethal doses, GB can cause delayed neuropathy in antidote-protected chickens, but there is no evidence that it causes this syndrome in humans at any dose. Agent VX shows no potential for inducing delayed neuropathy in any species. In view of their lack of genotoxcity, the nerve agents are not likely to be carcinogens. The overreaching concern with regard to nerve agent exposure is the extraordinarily high acute toxicity of these substances. Furthermore, acute effects of moderate exposure such as nausea, diarrhea, inability to perform simple mental tasks, and respiratory effects may render the public unable to respond adequately to emergency instructions in the unlikely event of agent releaase, making early warning and exposure avoidance important. Likewise, exposure or self-contamination of first responders and medical personnel must be avoided. Control limits for exposure via surface contact of drinking water are needed, as are detection methods for low levels in water or foodstuffs.
THE CASE OF WILLETTA HUGGINS
Authors: G. W. Boot
Journal: JAMA (1922)

To the Editor:  —Now that Professor Jastrow has so ably disposed of the case of Willetta Huggins by stating that the medical profession has the will to believe, there remain a few other questions to be disposed of.  How does it happen that her case was diagnosed by the psychologic department of Wisconsin as almost a  Do any of the physicians who saw her in Chicago or Evanston think her a moron?  How does it happen that the psychologic department of Northwestern University has no instrument fine enough to determine her threshold of feeling?  How does it happen that she distinguished blue, yellow and green in a mixture of blue and yellow that to a normal eye appeared green only?  How does it happen that she distinguished between the streaks of pink and green feldspar? Her vision would seem to be abnormally acute instead of being, as every one
Letter: Undiagnosed haematuria.
Authors: R Hole
Journal: BMJ (1975)

2 19 F. 5 Genital herpes (persisting for H.S.V. isolated from genital lesions.Fourfold 16 days) C.F. antibody rise to H.S.V. 66 34 62 3 5 M. 20 Erythema multiforme Primary H.S.V. infection.Sibling with herpes labialis.72 38 100 4 68 F. N.K. Atypical purpuric varicelliform Carcinoma of cervix.Treated with rash cyclophosphamide 2 months previously; on steroids.>4-fold C.F. antibody
An endothelial growth factor involved in rat renal development.
Authors: J A Oliver, Q Al-Awqati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

In the kidney, there is a close and intricate association between epithelial and endothelial cells, suggesting that a complex reciprocal interaction may exist between these two cell types during renal ontogeny. Thus, we examined whether metanephrogenic mesenchymal cells secrete endothelial mitogens. With an endothelial mitogenic assay and sequential chromatography of the proteins in the media conditioned by a cell line of rat metanephrogenic mesenchymal cells (7.1.1 cells), we isolated a protein whose amino acid analysis identified it as hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF). Media conditioned with Cos-7 cell transfected with HDGF cDNA stimulated endothelial DNA synthesis. With immunoaffinity purified antipeptide antibodies, we found that HDGF was widely distributed in the renal anlage at early stages of development but soon concentrated at sites of active morphogenesis and, except for some renal tubules, disappeared from the adult kidney. From a 7.1.1 cells cDNA library, a clone of most of the translatable region of HDGF was obtained and used to synthesize digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes. In situ hybridization showed that during kidney development mRNA for HDGF was most abundant at sites of nephron morphogenesis and in ureteric bud cells while in the adult kidney transcripts disappeared except for a small population of distal tubules. Thus, HDGF is an endothelial mitogen that is present in embryonic kidney, and its expression is synchronous with nephrogenesis.
THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF EPSILON-AMINOCAPROIC ACID WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: FREDERICK REISS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

SUMMARY.— After a brief review of the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties of E-ACA, the therapeutic results of E-ACA in atopic dermatitis, anetoderma of Jadassohn and cold urticaria are reported. Among 21 patients with atopic dermatitis, 2 failed to return, 2 discontinued treatment on account of nausea, 9 responded favourably, and 5 showed only a fair response. Two patients showed no improvement. Eleven patients, with chronic atopic dermatitis, under corticosteroid therapy, were weaned off corticosteroids and treated with E-ACA and gave a favourable response. A patient with anetoderma showed complete remission of the disease 4 years after discontinuing therapy. The patient with cold urticaria was relieved to such a degree during therapy that, during freezing temperature, outdoor life was tolerable.
Effects of Estrogen and Progestogen Treatment on the Response of the Aorta of Male Rats to Hypertension: MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES
Authors: HARVEY WOLINSKY
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The effects of estrogen and progestogen treatment on the response of the thoracic aortic wall of male rats to hypertension were studied. Hypertension levels induced by clipping the renal artery were similar in untreated (H), estrogen-treated (E), and progestogen-treated (P) hypertensive groups. Hypertension of 8 weeks' duration caused increased wall thickness, increased calculated tangential tension, and increased medial area in groups H and P compared to normotensive controls (C), but wall thickness and medial area in groups E and C were similar despite the striking elevation in calculated tension and wall stress in group E. Chemical studies also showed that the absolute amounts of aortic collagen and elastin in groups H and P were similarly increased over group C values, but absolute amounts of both these fibrous proteins in vessels from group E were no different from those of group C. Noncollagenous alkali-soluble proteins in these vessels were present in absolute and relative amounts corresponding to the following rank: P &gt; H &gt; E &gt; C. Thus, it appears that estrogen-treatment has a distinctly inhibitory effect and progestogen-treatment a slightly stimulatory effect on the aortic wall response to hypertension. Since hypertension-induced morphological and chemical changes have many similarities to features of arteriosclerotic plaque growth, recognition of these differences in hormonal effects on the response of the vessel wall to hypertension may have implications beyond their physiological role as sex hormones.
Inhaled Corticosteroid Dose Adjustment in Mild Persistent Asthma
Authors: George T. O’Connor, Joan Reibman
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship between type IV collagen degradation, metalloproteinase activity and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in cultured human saphenous vein
Authors: Concepción M Aguilera, Sarah J George, Jason L Johnson, Andrew C Newby
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The relationship between degradation of basement membranes, metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation has not been previously investigated in any intervention study. We used adenoviral overexpression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in cultured human saphenous veins. By immunocytochemistry, the percentage of medial SMC surrounded by basement membrane type IV collagen (Coll-IV) decreased from 93±1 to 77±4% and 82±1% (n = 18, both P<0.001) after 7 and 14 days of culture, respectively, while all SMC that migrated to the neointima lacked Coll-IV. Overexpression of TIMP-1 or TIMP-3 significantly increased the percentage of medial SMC surrounded by Coll-IV (94±2 or 98±2%, respectively, both P<0.01 vs. no treatment) and decreased the number of neointimal SMC. Some 44±18 and 30±6%, respectively, of BrdU or PCNA labeled medial SMC remained surrounded by type IV collagen and this was not affected by overexpression of TIMP-1 or TIMP-3. We conclude that MMPs mediate loss of basement membrane and this is closely related to SMC migration. SMC proliferation does not require complete basement membrane degradation, which itself does not require MMPs in proliferating SMC.
Simian immunodeficiency virus–induced mucosal interleukin-17 deficiency promotes Salmonella dissemination from the gut
Authors: Manuela Raffatellu, Renato L Santos, David E Verhoeven, Michael D George, R Paul Wilson, Sebastian E Winter, Ivan Godinez, Sumathi Sankaran, Tatiane A Paixao, Melita A Gordon, Jay K Kolls, Satya Dandekar, Andreas J Bäumler
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Detection of pulmonary relapsed T-cell lymphoma by T-cell receptor (TCR) gene analysis
Authors: Michael Murphy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

To the Editor: Mutations in the factor XI gene are responsible for a variable bleeding phenotype which correlates poorly with levels of circulating FXI product.We read with interest and concern an article published recently describing a novel nonsense mutation [1].The authors state in their discussion that "eighteen causative mutations of the congenital FXI deficiency have been reported: three nonsense mutations, ten missense mutations, and five splicing site abnormalities.Three nonsense mutations are located in exons 5 and 7, which truncate the proteins in the middle of the second and third apple domains, respectively".To our knowledge, prior to the publication of their paper, only two nonsense mutations had been described for the FXI gene, both in exon 5 [2,3].No nonsense mutation has been described in exon 7. Also, only three splicing site abnormalities have been described, not five [2,4] (Table I).Additionally, an important omission was the 14-bp type IV deletion described in Askenazi Jews [5].