tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TYPHOID FEVER AND WATER SUPPLY IN CHICAGO.
Authors: EDWIN OAKES JORDAN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The severity of the recent epidemic of typhoid fever in Chicago has given rise to some discussion concern- ing the relation of the city drinking water to the out- break, and considerable interest has been aroused in the future possibilities, as well as the present conditions, of drainage disposal and water supply.The matter is of far more than local concern.The character of the Chicago water supply affects not merely the large body of persons continuously dependent on this supply, but also all those living in the territory immediately surrounding the city and commercially connected with it.In fact, all the communities of the middle west whose citizens visit Chicago at frequent or at occasional intervals are vitally interested in the quality of the Chicago water supply.Not only is the health of individual visitors endangered by a polluted water, but cases of typhoid fever contracted in Chicago may be imported into other towns and serve as new foci for the spread of the disease, thus enlarging the circle of vicious influence to wide limits.A few years ago it was shown on investigation of the origin of an exces- sive number of deaths from typhoid fever in a small city over a hundred miles from Chicago that more than half of the cases were clearly contracted in Chicago,
A genome-wide association study identifies alleles in FGFR2 associated with risk of sporadic postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: David J Hunter, Peter Kraft, Kevin B Jacobs, David G Cox, Meredith Yeager, Susan E Hankinson, Sholom Wacholder, Zhaoming Wang, Robert Welch, Amy Hutchinson, Junwen Wang, Kai Yu, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Nick Orr, Walter C Willett, Graham A Colditz, Regina G Ziegler, Christine D Berg, Saundra S Buys, Catherine A McCarty, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Eugenia E Calle, Michael J Thun, Richard B Hayes, Margaret Tucker, Daniela S Gerhard, Joseph F Fraumeni, Robert N Hoover, Gilles Thomas, Stephen J Chanock
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Prenatal X-Ray Exposure and Childhood Cancer in Twins
Authors: Elizabeth B. Harvey, John D. Boice, Merton Honeyman, John T. Flannery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We conducted a case-control study to investigate the relation between prenatal exposure to x-rays and childhood cancer, including leukemia, in over 32,000 twins born in Connecticut from 1930 to 1969. Twins as opposed to single births were chosen for study to reduce the likelihood of medical selection bias, since twins were often exposed to x-rays to diagnose the twin pregnancy or to determine fetal positioning before delivery and not because of medical conditions that may conceivably pre-dispose to cancer. Each of 31 incident cases of cancer, identified by linking the Connecticut twin and tumor registries, was matched with four twin controls according to sex, year of birth, and race. Records of hospitals, radiologists, and private physicians were searched for histories of x-ray exposure and other potentially important risk factors. Documented prenatal x-ray exposures were found for 39 per cent of the cases (12 of 31) and for 26 per cent of the controls (28 of 109). No other pregnancy, delivery, or maternal conditions were associated with cancer risk except low birth weight: 38 per cent of the cases as compared with 25 per cent of the controls weighed under 2.27 kg at birth. When birth weight was adjusted for, twins in whom leukemia or other childhood cancer developed were twice as likely to have been exposed to x-rays in utero as twins who were free of disease (relative risk, 2.4; 95 per cent confidence interval, 1.0 to 5.9). The results, though based on small numbers, provide further evidence that low-dose prenatal irradiation may increase the risk of childhood cancer.
Kv3.4, a key signalling molecule controlling the cell cycle and proliferation of human arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: N. Leblanc
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

This editorial refers to ‘Cell cycle-dependent expression of Kv3.4 channels modulates proliferation of human uterine artery smooth muscle cells’ by E. Miguel-Velado et al. , pp. 383–391, this issue. 

Smooth muscle cells, in contrast to their fully differentiated striated muscle counterparts, display the remarkable property of being able to alter their phenotype in response to environmental changes. Upon exposure to physiological (e.g. hormones, growth factors, etc.) or pathophysiological (e.g. low oxygen tension, mitogenic factors, acidosis) stimuli, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can switch their phenotype from a normal contractile state to a non-contractile, proliferative, and migratory behaviour that plays a prime function in the structural remodelling of blood vessels. This phenotypic switch is most often detrimental in disease states since the partial or complete obstruction of the lumen by thickening of the muscle layer or media causes ischaemia and impaired perfusion of the tissue.1–3 The so-called 'plasticity' of VSMCs1 has been the subject of intense investigation as it was recognized early to play an important role in the initiation and progression of common human vascular disorders such as systemic and pulmonary hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and stroke, and restenosis following coronary arterial angioplasty.3

The switch from a contractile to a proliferative state is … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +1 775 784 1420; fax: +1 775 784 1620, Email: nleblanc{at}medicine.nevada.edu
Altered Cortical Synaptic Morphology and Impaired Memory Consolidation in Forebrain- Specific Dominant-Negative PAK Transgenic Mice
Authors: Mansuo L Hayashi, Se-Young Choi, B.S.Shankaranarayana Rao, Hae-Yoon Jung, Hey-Kyoung Lee, Dawei Zhang, Sumantra Chattarji, Alfredo Kirkwood, Susumu Tonegawa
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Detection of Chylothorax and Cervical Cystic Hygroma in Hydrops Fetalis Using Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Yang Kuang-Tao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 2-month-old boy was diagnosed as having nonimmune hydrops fetalis. Lymphoscintigraphy of the lower extremities revealed accumulation of radiotracer in the middle mediastinum on both sides indicating leakage of lymphatic flow from the thoracic duct at 1 hour. There was visualization of radiotracer in both lung fields suggestive of chylothorax. Radioactivity was noted accumulating in the neck consistent with the areas of cystic hygromas on the 4-hour image. Visualization of the cystic hygromas was believed to be the result of feeding of the lymphatic flow from the tributaries of the right lymphatic trunk and thoracic duct or aberrant lymphatic drainage pathways.
Bilateral upper limb lymphoedema associated with psoriatic arthritis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: M. Böhm, B. Riemann, T.A. Luger, G. Bonsmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Bilateral upper limb lymphoedema associated with psoriatic arthritis: a case report and review of the literature Get access M. Böhm, M. Böhm Departments of Dermatology and Markus Böhm. E‐mail: bohmm@uni‐muenster.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Riemann, B. Riemann Nuclear Medicine, University of Münster, Von Esmarch‐Str. 56, D‐48149 Münster, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.A. Luger, T.A. Luger Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Bonsmann G. Bonsmann Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 6, 1 December 2000, Pages 1297–1301, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03905.x Published: 01 December 2000
Biventricular Assist Devices as a Bridge to Heart Transplantation in Small Children
Authors: Sanjiv K. Gandhi, Charles B. Huddleston, David T. Balzer, Deirdre J. Epstein, Traci A. Boschert, Charles E. Canter
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Experience with the use of biventricular assist device (BiVAD) support to bridge small children to heart transplantation is limited.We used BIVAD support (Berlin EXCOR) in 9 pediatric heart transplant candidates from 4/05 to 7/07. The median patient age was 1.7 years (12 days to 17 years). The median patient weight was 9.4 kg (3 to 38 kg). All children were supported with multiple intravenous inotropes+/-mechanical ventilation (6) or ECMO (3) before BiVAD implantation. All had significant right ventricular dysfunction. The median pulmonary vascular resistance index (Rpi) was 6.0 WU/m(2). Eight patients were successfully bridged to heart transplantation after a median duration of BiVAD support of 35 days (1 to 77 days). One death occurred after 10 days of support from perioperative renal failure in a 3 kg infant. Five patients required at least 1 blood pump change. One patient had a driveline infection requiring treatment. There were no acute neurological complications, no thromboembolic events, and no bleeding complications. In 2 patients with Rpi >10 WU/m(2) unresponsive to pulmonary vasodilator therapy, Rpi dropped to 1.4 and 4.6 WU/m(2), after 33 and 41 days of support, respectively. All 8 survivors underwent successful heart transplantation. Of 5 patients supported >30 days, 3 developed an extremely elevated (>90%) panel reactive antibody by ELISA that was not confirmed by other methods; none had a positive donor-specific retrospective crossmatch. There was 1 episode of rejection (with hemodynamic compromise) in the 8 transplanted patients. Rpi was normal (<3 WU/m(2)) without pulmonary vasodilators in all patients within 3 months after transplant. There have been no deaths after transplant with a median follow-up of 19 months.BiVAD support can effectively be used in small children as a bridge to heart transplantation and can be accomplished with low mortality and morbidity. BiVAD support may offer an additional means to reverse extremely elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Surveillance for HLA antibody sensitization during BiVAD support may be complicated by the development of non-HLA antibodies which may not reflect true HLA presensitization.
[376] SINUSOIDAL DUPLICATION BY INTUSSUSCEPTION IS AN EARLY EVENT IN LIVER REGENERATION AFTER PARIAL HEPATECTOMY
Authors: D. Stroka, M. Trochsler, R. Hlushchuk, O. Baum, D. Candinas, J.-F. Dufour, V. Djonov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection
Authors: Chloe L. Thio
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common; worldwide, an estimated 10% of HIV-infected persons have chronic hepatitis B. Because the incidence of traditional acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–related opportunistic infections has decreased with successful anti-HIV therapy, liver disease has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. HIV infection negatively impacts all phases of the natural history of hepatitis B leading to increased rates of persistent infection, higher HBV DNA levels, lower rates of hepatitis B e antigen loss, increased cirrhosis and liver-related mortality, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma at lower CD4+ T cell counts. The management of hepatitis B in HIV infection is complicated by the dual activity of several nucleoside analogs, the more rapid development of lamivudine-resistant HBV in patients who are HIV-positive, and the paucity of studies in this population. Until further research emerges on the optimal treatment for this population, data from HBV monoinfected persons will need to be extrapolated to the HIV-HBV coinfected population. Further research is also needed to determine the mechanism(s) for the increased liver disease progression and optimal treatment goals. (Hepatology 2009;49:S138–S145.)
ABC of sexually transmitted diseases. Syphilis: clinical features.
Authors: M W Adler
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The advent of penicillin made a dramatic and rapid impact on the incidence of early infectious syphilis throughout the world in the late 1940s.The number of cases of syphilis seen in clinics is now less than a fifth of that seen during the peak just after the second world war (27 761).Rates for syphilis are higher in men than in women.This disparity is explained by the fact that in the United Kingdom most primary and secondary cases of syphilis now occur among homosexuals.Classification Time after exposure Early infectious_ 9-90 days Primary 6weeks-6months Secondary (4-8 weeks after primary lesion 2 years Latent (early) Late non-infectious a2 years Latent (late) 3-20years Neurosyphilis Cardiovascular syphlis Gummatous syphilis Sites of primary syph lis Genital Extragenital Shaft penis Lip
Pioneering Research in Surgical Shock and Cardiovascular Surgery: Vivien Thomas and His Work With Alfred Blalock
Authors: David C. Sabiston
Journal: JAMA (1987)

For one who had the privilege of being a student, coworker, and later a colleague of Vivien Thomas, reading this autobiography is an extraordinary experience. Although the reviewer worked with him in the laboratory for 20 years, often on a daily basis, many features of this unique and compelling story have been revealed for the first time. Vivien Thomas has written an engaging account of his life of 75 years, and few can doubt that he was a major contributor throughout his entire career. Following graduation from high-school in 1929, he had planned to enter Fisk University in Nashville, but the depression necessitated a crucial change in plans. He describes in detail his first meeting with Alfred Blalock in the Experimental Surgery Laboratory at Vanderbilt when seeking a position as a technician. Vivien describes in detail their first meeting and the deep impression he obtained about Dr Blalock's certainty in
Mortality in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Robert G. Robinson
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Joint and Neuromuscular Manifestations of Periarteritis Nodosa
Authors: E. W. Lowman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1952)

Periarteritis nodosa is a protean disease which may manifest itself in multiple systems of the body.Muscle soreness and arthralgias are common early com- ponents of the disease complex, but indications are that frank joint reactions are infrequent and arthritis rare.In an effort to clarify the status of joint and of neuromuscular manifestations in periarteritis, the records of 43 patients who died of the disease have been reviewed.In each case the diagnosis was proven by post-mortem examination, and in one changes in the synovial tissue were studied histologically.Periarteritis nodosa is a pan-vasculitis (Dunbar, 1936;Spiegel, 1936) producing greatest damage on the arterial side of the circulatory system.It involves arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins, the greatest damage occurring in the smaller arteries and arterioles.The initial phase is one of acute damage with oedema and necrosis; this usually affects the media first, and then spreads to the other coats and beyond to contiguous perivascular tissue.This acute phase of damage and destruc- tion is followed by a reparative or granulation stage which finally heals by fibrosis.As a result of the inflammatory process compromising the calibre of the blood vessels, tissue distal to and normally dependent upon them for nourishment suffers from ischaemia.The degree of ischaemia depends upon the degree of vascular embarrassment and the availability of collateral circulation; it may vary from transient ischaemia to frank infarction.The involved vessel may develop throm- bosis, aneurysm, or a -rupture resulting in local haemorrhage (Diaz-Rivera and Miller, 1946).Any organ of the body may be involved; these are, in order offrequency, kidneys, heart, liver, gastro-intestinal tract, mesenteric arteries, muscles, spleen, lungs, and peripheral and central nervous system.Curtis and Coffey (1934) classified the disease into six types occurring singly or in combination: gastro-intestinal, renal, neuro-muscular, cardiac, cerebral, and cutaneous.The aetiology of the disease is not established.Many investigators, including Spiegel (1936( ), Boyd (1938)), and Friedberg and Gross (1934), have noted the high incidence of rheumatic fever in patients developing periarteritis nodosa and bave considered this significant.The experimental work of Rich (1942) and of Rich and Gregory (1943) in producing lesions in rabbits resembling those of peri- arteritis nodosa by hypersensitivity reaction with horse serum stimulated much interest in the allergic potentialities in the aetiology of this 'disease.It is felt by many (Spiegel, 1936; Cohen and others, 1936; Keefer, 1943) that it is of allergic 146 on July 16,
Causes of the Acute Urethral Syndrome in Women
Authors: W E Stamm, K F Wagner, R Amsel, E R Alexander, M Turck, G W Counts, K K Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

To determine the cause of the acute urethral syndrome, we studied 59 women with dysuria and frequent urination without "significant bacteriuria" (defined as greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms per milliliter), 35 women with typical cystitis and 66 women with no symptoms of urinary-tract infection. Although none of the 59 women with urethral syndrome had greater than 3.4 x 10(4) bacteria per milliliter in either of two successive midstream urine specimens, samples of bladder urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration or catheterization from 24 women contained coliforms, and samples from three contained Staphylococcus saprophyticus; all but one of these 27 women also had pyuria. Of the 32 women with sterile bladder urine, 10 of 16 with pyuria and one of 16 without pyuria were infected with Chlamydia trachomatis (P = 0.002). Chlamydial infection was found in 11 of 42 women with urethral syndrome and pyuria, in three of 66 without symptoms, and in one of 35 with cystitis (P less than 0.01 when the group with urethral syndrome is compared with either of the other groups). Thus, 42 of 59 women with urethral syndrome had abnormal pyuria and 37 of these 42 were infected with coliforms, S. saprophyticus, or C. trachomatis, whereas few women without pyuria had demonstrable infection. Bacteriuria of greater than or equal to 10(5) per milliliter may be an insensitive diagnostic criterion when applied to symptomatic lower-urinary-tract infection.
Effect of dietary manipulations (fasting, hypocaloric feeding, and subsequent refeeding) on rat muscle energetics as assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Authors: C Pichard, C Vaughan, R Struk, R L Armstrong, K N Jeejeebhoy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in vivo and fluorometry were used to measure muscle ATP, total creatine, pH, and Mg2+ in vivo; and to calculate creatine phosphate (CrP), the ratios of CrP/inorganic phosphate (Pi), CrP/ATP, free ADP levels, and the free-energy change in ATP hydrolysis so nutritional effects could be ascertained. These parameters were determined in vivo in resting control, 2-d-fasted, and hypocalorically fed rats and in animals similarly hypocalorically fed and then refed. The ATP, Pi, and intracellular Mg2+ levels were comparable in the four groups. When the fasted and underfed animals were compared with the control and refed animals, there were falls in the ratios of CrP/Pi and CrP/ATP, in the calculated CrP, and the free-energy change of ATP hydrolysis, but a rise in the calculated free ADP. In the hypocaloric group, intracellular pH fell significantly and a large peak was noted in the phosphodiester region. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that ATP levels are maintained at the cost of CrP, suggesting that ATP production is disturbed by aerobic and anaerobic mechanisms.
Blockade of Lymphocyte Chemotaxis in Visceral Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Ran Reshef, Selina M. Luger, Elizabeth O. Hexner, Alison W. Loren, Noelle V. Frey, Sunita D. Nasta, Steven C. Goldstein, Edward A. Stadtmauer, Jacqueline Smith, Sarah Bailey, Rosemarie Mick, Daniel F. Heitjan, Stephen G. Emerson, James A. Hoxie, Robert H. Vonderheide, David L. Porter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major barrier to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). The chemokine receptor CCR5 appears to play a role in alloreactivity. We tested whether CCR5 blockade would be safe and limit GVHD in humans.We tested the in vitro effect of the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc on lymphocyte function and chemotaxis. We then enrolled 38 high-risk patients in a single-group phase 1 and 2 study of reduced-intensity allogeneic HSCT that combined maraviroc with standard GVHD prophylaxis.Maraviroc inhibited CCR5 internalization and lymphocyte chemotaxis in vitro without impairing T-cell function or formation of hematopoietic-cell colonies. In 35 patients who could be evaluated, the cumulative incidence rate (±SE) of grade II to IV acute GVHD was low at 14.7±6.2% on day 100 and 23.6±7.4% on day 180. Acute liver and gut GVHD were not observed before day 100 and remained uncommon before day 180, resulting in a low cumulative incidence of grade III or IV GVHD on day 180 (5.9±4.1%). The 1-year rate of death that was not preceded by disease relapse was 11.7±5.6% without excessive rates of relapse or infection. Serum from patients receiving maraviroc prevented CCR5 internalization by CCL5 and blocked T-cell chemotaxis in vitro, providing evidence of antichemotactic activity.In this study, inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking was a specific and potentially effective new strategy to prevent visceral acute GVHD. (Funded by Pfizer and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00948753.).
The clinician's perspective on electronic health records and how they can affect patient care
Authors: Stephen H Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

lot of money-most textbooks in the United States cost at least $60.Textbooks often require an expansion card for storage.Finally, you may find an expandable keyboard useful-this folds to the same pocket size as the handheld but unfolds to match a full size keyboard.Contributors and sources: The information collected in this article is based on over five years' experience I have had with handheld computers, setting up projects, and working with fellow experts in use of handheld computers.The projects include Medical Approaches, a free medical textbook for handheld computers (www.medicalapproaches.org),Project Palm at Cambridge University (www.caret