tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
USE OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS FOR FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Authors: R E Clouse
Journal: Gut (2005)

In 1990 we asked clinicians attending a symposium during the annual meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association how many were using psychopharmacological agents, specifically antidepressants, to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders.1 Very few raised their hands. Over the subsequent 15 years, these agents increasingly have become used in the management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms, despite a limited amount of scientific information supporting this practice. It is now estimated that at least 1 in 8 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is offered an antidepressant.2,3 Nearly every comprehensive current review of management strategies for IBS and other mainstream functional gastrointestinal disorders mentions their use, and prescribing among gastroenterologists has become commonplace.3–10 In parallel with this change, primary care physicians have become sufficiently comfortable in using antidepressants for treating not only anxiety and depression but also a host of somatic symptoms and syndromes that their use has nearly tripled in the past decade.11

Enhanced appreciation for the relative importance of central mechanisms (for example, signal processing alterations) in many if not most patients with IBS and other painful functional gastrointestinal disorders is an important factor responsible for prescribing shifts among gastroenterologists—more so than a new or improved understanding of the relationship of symptoms to anxiety or depression.8 The composite body of investigation over the past 15 years involving visceral stimulation, brain imaging, multidimensional clinical studies, and treatment trials designed to answer mechanistic questions has led us closer to understanding the pathways by which psychopharmacological agents may interrupt the symptomatic process in these common gastrointestinal disorders. Complemented by clinical observations, improved recommendations for their use have evolved.6,12 This review describes the types of psychopharmacological agents used in functional gastrointestinal disorders, new models for their potential benefits, a summary of the reported efficacy, and practical aspects …
The Nature of the Alpha-Methyldopa Red-Cell Antibody
Authors: Albert F. LoBuglio, James H. Jandl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

ACQUIRED hemolytic anemia is commonly associated with a positive Coombs test; when of the "gamma type," this test indicates the presence of an immunoglobulin attached to the affected red cells. The association of hemolysis with a positive Coombs test implies that the hemolytic process is mediated by antibodies, and, for lack of a clear explanation of the pathogenesis, the process has been regarded by many as "autoimmune." Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the inferred loss of tolerance toward the "self" antigens of red cells, but none can be regarded as established.In some patients with immunohemolytic anemia . . .
Analysis of the interaction of induction regimens with p-glycoprotein expression in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: results from the MRC AML15 trial
Authors: M Pallis, R Hills, P White, M Grundy, N Russell, A Burnett
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Retrospective analyses in non-randomised cohorts suggest that regimens containing fludarabine/Ara C and/or idarubicin/ara C may be more effective than daunorubicin/AraC (DA)-containing regimens in cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) overexpressing p-glycoprotein (Pgp). We prospectively measured Pgp protein and function by flow cytometry in CD45-gated blasts from 434 AML15 trial patients randomised to remission induction therapy with two courses of FLAG-Ida or DA±etoposide (DA/ADE). In all, 34% were positive for Pgp protein and 38% for function. Pgp protein-positive cases had a higher incidence of resistant disease (14% vs 5%), adjusted odds ratio 2.67 (1.14–6.24). There was a trend towards a higher cumulative incidence of relapse at 5 years for Pgp-positive cases (46% vs 55%), adjusted hazard ratio 1.42 (0.98–2.07) (P=0.06). For patients treated with FLAG-Ida, the complete remission (CR) rate was 86% for both Pgp-positive and Pgp-negative patients. In patients treated with DA/ADE, 78% of Pgp-positive and 90% of Pgp-negative cases achieved CR (P=0.06). In analyses of overall survival, there was no interaction between treatment received and Pgp expression. Data for Pgp function followed similar trends. Our data suggest that FLAG-Ida may improve the remission rate for Pgp-positive AML, but the malignant clone is reduced rather than eradicated such that the relapse rate remains high in Pgp-positive patients.
Urodynamics in Enuretic Children
Authors: MARY J. E. VAN DER VIS-MELSEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Although the incidence of an organic cause is low and most of the detected genitourinary anomalies are not responsible for enuresis, a simple, noninvasive screening test is preferable in the analysis of children with enuresis. Extension of standard radionuclide renography as a method of screening the upper as well as lower urinary tract function in one session is noninvasive and at least as good as conventional direct urine flow rate recording. This method was carried out in 124 children. In 30%, some abnormality probably related to the enuresis was identified. Upper urinary tract anomalies were identified in 5% of the children, anomalies of the upper and the lower urinary tract in 9.6%, and functional voiding disturbances in 16%.
Abnormal Splenic Uptake of Gallium-67 Citrate in a Case of Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: RICHARD J. CAMPEAU, WILLIAM S. LaCORTE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A case of fever of undetermined origin (FUO) demonstrated abnormal intense concentration of Ga-67 citrate in the spleen. Initial workup demonstrated two negative mono spot tests for infectious mononucleosis (IM) but, on hospital day 2, a repeat mono test was positive. The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by rising heterophilic antibody titers. Six weeks after hospital discharge, repeat Ga-67 citrate imaging demonstrated absence of abnormal splenic activity. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been previously described in IM. In the appropriate clinical setting, intense splenic uptake of Ga-67 should alert the clinician to include the possibility of IM in the differential diagnosis
A new look for 2005
Authors: Jennifer Bell, William A. Wells
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

We are starting the New Year with an updated look and new content. The JEM has never been fashion conscious, and its distinctive format has changed very little over 109 years. It is an advantage to be instantly recognizable amidst the sea of PDF printouts found on most scientists' desks, so we have preserved the essential look of the Articles and Brief Definitive Reports. The new design is, however, tidier and thus easier to read.




Figure 1




More important than the change in style and the splash of color on the contents pages is the new content we are adding. “In This Issue” stories will highlight papers of special interest, explaining why we are excited about the advance. We hope that these short, accessible stories will attract you to read interesting papers outside of your immediate areas of expertise. Commentaries, which have an updated, more colorful look, will continue to give a more personal perspective on recent advances published in the JEM and elsewhere, providing the nonspecialist reader with insight into rapidly developing fields.

We are also initiating a new series of articles highlighting the many landmark papers that have been published in the pages of the JEM over the years. JEM Editors and Advisory Editors, past and present, have been helping us to identify groundbreaking papers that have shaped current biomedical research. If there is a particular JEM paper that you are still regularly citing more than a decade later, or if you uncover a gem in the archive, we'd be delighted to hear from you. Our News Editor Heather Van Epps kicks off this greatest hits series by discussing the papers that triggered immunologists' fascination with lymphocyte subsets.

These stories will provide another excuse to delve into the online archive—an extraordinary collection of 109 years of science at its best. The complete collection of JEM papers, starting from the 1896 publication of Volume 1, Issue 1, is available free online in PDF format. You can browse issue by issue or search the full text. Given the JEM's long and illustrious history, we don't expect to run out of papers to write about any time soon.
Inpatient mental healthcare in England and Wales: patterns in NHS and independent healthcare providers
Authors: Veena S Raleigh, Giovanna M Polato, Stephen A Bremner, Sunderjit Dhillon, Anthony Deery
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Independent healthcare, most of it NHS-funded, provides a significant and growing proportion of inpatient mental healthcare in the UK, but information about patients in these providers is limited. This paper examines differences in the profiles of mental health inpatients in NHS and independent providers in England and Wales, and assesses whether current information systems are adequate for monitoring patient flows and care, given the plurality of service provision. DESIGN DATA: from the national censuses of inpatients in mental health services in England and Wales in 2006 and 2007 were analysed to examine differences in demographic and other characteristics between inpatients in NHS and independent providers.All NHS and independent providers of inpatient mental health services in England and Wales in 2006 and 2007.Patients in independent providers were younger, 60% were on low/medium secure wards (compared with 16% in the NHS), they were 44% more likely to be detained and referrals were predominantly from NHS inpatient services. For all ethnic groups, ratios of detention on admission were higher in independent providers.This analysis highlights differences between inpatients in NHS and independent providers of mental health services. We also highlight the inadequacy of current information systems for monitoring care, and the urgent need for standardized data across all NHS-commissioned mental healthcare, irrespective of whether it is publicly or privately provided. This is especially important in view of the increases in independent sector provision, and the specialist nature of their services. Such information is critical for commissioners, regulators of health and social care, and other audiences for monitoring patient flows, the quality of care provided, usage of the Mental Health Act 2007 and compliance with equality legislation.
Developmental Immunotoxicity Testing and Protection of Children's Health
Authors: Rodney R Dietert
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), has been implicated as a possible cause of impaired immune function in children. For example, studies have shown that children who have been exposed to PCBs and related compounds from their mothers' contaminated diets have reduced concentrations of immunoglobulins and increased frequency of childhood infections [1–3]. And a new study by Heilmann et al. published in PLoS Medicine shows that children exposed to PCBs have reduced antibody responses to childhood vaccinations, adding to the growing evidence that PCBs are associated with developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) [4]. The study provides a stark example of the heightened immune vulnerabilities that exist during early life and that must be adequately protected from environmental insult if we are to minimize health risks to children.
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Authors: Stuart P. Weisberg, Daniel McCann, Manisha Desai, Michael Rosenbaum, Rudolph L. Leibel, Anthony W. Ferrante
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Obesity alters adipose tissue metabolic and endocrine function and leads to an increased release of fatty acids, hormones, and proinflammatory molecules that contribute to obesity associated complications. To further characterize the changes that occur in adipose tissue with increasing adiposity, we profiled transcript expression in perigonadal adipose tissue from groups of mice in which adiposity varied due to sex, diet, and the obesity-related mutations agouti (Ay) and obese (Lepob). We found that the expression of 1,304 transcripts correlated significantly with body mass. Of the 100 most significantly correlated genes, 30% encoded proteins that are characteristic of macrophages and are positively correlated with body mass. Immunohistochemical analysis of perigonadal, perirenal, mesenteric, and subcutaneous adipose tissue revealed that the percentage of cells expressing the macrophage marker F4/80 (F4/80+) was significantly and positively correlated with both adipocyte size and body mass. Similar relationships were found in human subcutaneous adipose tissue stained for the macrophage antigen CD68. Bone marrow transplant studies and quantitation of macrophage number in adipose tissue from macrophage-deficient (Csf1op/op) mice suggest that these F4/80+ cells are CSF-1 dependent, bone marrow-derived adipose tissue macrophages. Expression analysis of macrophage and nonmacrophage cell populations isolated from adipose tissue demonstrates that adipose tissue macrophages are responsible for almost all adipose tissue TNF-alpha expression and significant amounts of iNOS and IL-6 expression. Adipose tissue macrophage numbers increase in obesity and participate in inflammatory pathways that are activated in adipose tissues of obese individuals.
No difference in outcome between children and adolescents transplanted for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second remission
Authors: Giorgio Dini, Marco Zecca, Adriana Balduzzi, Chiara Messina, Riccardo Masetti, Franca Fagioli, Claudio Favre, Marco Rabusin, Fulvio Porta, Erika Biral, Mimmo Ripaldi, Anna Paola Iori, Carla Rognoni, Arcangelo Prete, Franco Locatelli
Journal: Blood (2011)
25 Value of hvpg predicting 5-day treatment failure in acute variceal bleeding. Comparison with clinical variables
Authors: J.G. Abraldes, C. Aracil, M.V. Catalina, A. Monescillo, R. Bañares, C. Villanueva, J.C. Garcia-Pagan, J. Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Public Relations in Medicine and the Transatlantic Image
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

EACH year, the Winchester division of the British Medical Association invites a speaker to give an address on "some subject connected with the practice of medicine in modern society."The Association having invited Sir William Haley, K.C.M.G., the editor of the Times, it is not surprising that he chose to speak about the problems of medical publicity, and it is interesting to note echoes of some of the same plaintive strains that were evident in the letter of Paul Benzaquin published in the June 14 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.Sir William believes that the . . .
Letter: Cancer statistics.
Authors: R F Mould
Journal: BMJ (1976)

intervertebral joint space widens.Hence intermittent or pulsating traction acts merely on muscles, evoking the stretch reflex but not the suction that determines the effect on the pro- trusion.The absolute contraindication to traction is acute lumbago.2Though pain and signs cease while the pull is maintained, the slightest diminution in tension causes such agonising twinges that it takes several hours to get the patient off the couch, and some aggravation
Serum Triglycerides in Health and in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: David F. Brown, Sandra H. Kinch, Joseph T. Doyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

SINCE 1959, when Albrink and Man1 suggested that elevated serum triglyceride levels might be related to the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, several investigators2 3 4 5 6 have measured the lipid in health and in this disease. No information is available on the possible value of elevated triglyceride levels in predicting the occurrence of the disease in apparently healthy men. Accordingly, in this study, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured in 1851 fasting middle-aged men who remained under clinical observation for the next four years (1959–1964). It was thus possible to relate triglyceride and cholesterol levels to both the incidence and the . . .
793-3 Percutaneous Arterial Gene Transfer to the Media Using Hydrogel-Coated Balloon Delivery of Plasmld-Polylysine Complexes and Chloroquine
Authors: O. Tahlil, P. Erbacher, M. Brami, J.Y. Scoazec, A.C. Roche, A. Legrand, J.J. Barry, M. Monsigny, P. Midoux, P.G. Steg.
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Nucleation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals from hepatic and gall-bladder bile of patients with cholesterol gall stones.
Authors: S H Gollish, M J Burnstein, R G Ilson, C N Petrunka, S M Strasberg
Journal: Gut (1983)

Nucleation time and cholesterol saturation index of hepatic and gall-bladder bile were measured in 16 patients with cholesterol gall stones to determine whether a gall bladder or liver defect was responsible for the rapid nucleation time of gall-bladder bile in such patients. Although hepatic bile was consistently more saturated than gall-bladder bile, the in vitro nucleation time of gall-bladder bile was more rapid. Dilution of gall-bladder bile to hepatic bile concentrations did not affect nucleation time. The results indicate that the gall bladder plays an important role in the production of the rapidly nucleating bile which is found in patients with cholesterol gall stones, and that this role is not simply concentration of bile by the gall bladder. Normal and abnormal gall-bladder biles were also compared in a larger group of patients. The view that there is a nucleation defect in cholesterol cholelithiasis which is independent of cholesterol saturation was confirmed. Subgroups of normal and gall-stone population were defined by the nucleation time and saturation index. Results suggested that solitary stones may be produced under different conditions than multiple stones. Some putative nucleating factors were examined but none was found to distinguish between normal and gall-stone bile.
Antibody guided irradiation of brain glioma by arterial infusion of radioactive monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor and blood group A antigen.
Authors: A A Epenetos, N Courtenay-Luck, D Pickering, G Hooker, H Durbin, J P Lavender, C G McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In a patient with recurrent grade IV glioma of the brain resistant to conventional treatment an antibody guided isotopic scan showed uptake by the tumour of a monoclonal antibody (9A) that was developed against epidermal growth factor receptor but cross reacted with blood group A antigen. As a therapeutic attempt antibody labelled with 1665 MBq (45.0 mCi) iodine-131 was delivered to the tumour area by infusion into the internal carotid artery. Computed tomography showed regression of the tumour after treatment, and an appreciable and sustained clinical improvement was noted without any toxicity. Delivery of irradiation guided by monoclonal antibody delivered by arterial infusion of the tumour area may be of clinical value in the treatment of brain gliomas resistant to conventional forms of treatment.
Screening for Thyroid Disease
Authors: Flavio Zelmanovitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters19 January 1999Screening for Thyroid DiseaseFlavio Zelmanovitz, MDFlavio Zelmanovitz, MDHospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre RS, 90035-003 BrazilAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Helfand and colleagues (1) tried to justify not treating subclinical hypothyroidism on the basis of the potential increased risk for atrial fibrillation associated with overtreatment. This phenomenon was observed in the Framingham study they cited (2). However, the authors did not report that persons with slightly low TSH levels (>0.1 to 0.4 mU/L) and those with high TSH levels (>5.0 mU/L) had an almost similar risk for atrial fibrillation, with inclusion or exclusion of patients receiving thyroid hormone. Therefore, the risk of not treating may be greater than the risk of treating with the correct dose.References1. Helfand M, Redfern CC. Screening for thyroid disease: an update. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:144-58. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Sawin CT, Geller A, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Baker E, Bacharach P, et al . Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1249-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre RS, 90035-003 Brazil PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Thyroid DiseaseScreening for Thyroid Disease Mark N. Friedman Screening for Thyroid Disease Robert S. Dieter Screening for Thyroid Disease Mark Helfand and Craig C. Redfern Screening for Thyroid Disease Glen L. Hortin Metrics Cited ByKnowledge of Thyroid Disease Manifestations and Risk Factors Among Residents of the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia 19 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 2Page: 161KeywordsAtrial fibrillationHypothyroidismRisk managementThyroid diseasesThyroid hormonesThyroid-stimulating hormone Issue Published: 19 January 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Removing the Incentive to Sell Kids Tobacco
Authors: Stanton A. Glantz
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE TOBACCO companies have a strong financial incentive to recruit children as new smokers. Every day 1200 smokers die and another 3500 stop smoking. Once a smoker is addicted, he or she can be expected to generate a daily revenue stream for the tobacco industry for 20 or more years. Since very few people begin smoking after they reach adulthood, the tobacco industry must recruit children. Tobacco advertising should not be viewed as a current expenditure but as a long-term investment. It is worth the high cost of advertising because it generates future profits.<sup>1,2</sup>As a result, these children-smokers are crucial to the industry's long-term health. The tobacco companies regularly and emphatically assert that "We don't want kids to smoke," yet they spend billions on advertising campaigns featuring cowboys and cartoon characters. Not surprisingly, Marlboro and Camel are the brands most commonly smoked by kids; in California, 59% of
Expression of the inhibitory receptor ILT3 on dendritic cells is dispensable for induction of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Giuseppe Penna, Andrea Roncari, Susana Amuchastegui, Kenn C. Daniel, Emilio Berti, Marco Colonna, Luciano Adorini
Journal: Blood (2005)