tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of ASXL1 mutation and other associated genetic alterations during disease progression in patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: T-C Chen, H-A Hou, W-C Chou, J-L Tang, Y-Y Kuo, C-Y Chen, M-H Tseng, C-F Huang, Y-J Lai, Y-C Chiang, F-Y Lee, M-C Liu, C-W Liu, C-Y Liu, M Yao, S-Y Huang, B-S Ko, S-C Hsu, S-J Wu, W Tsay, Y-C Chen, H-F Tien
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Recently, mutations of the additional sex comb-like 1 (ASXL1) gene were identified in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but the interaction of this mutation with other genetic alterations and its dynamic changes during disease progression remain to be determined. In this study, ASXL1 mutations were identified in 106 (22.7%) of the 466 patients with primary MDS based on the French-American-British (FAB) classification and 62 (17.1%) of the 362 patients based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. ASXL1 mutation was closely associated with trisomy 8 and mutations of RUNX1, EZH2, IDH, NRAS, JAK2, SETBP1 and SRSF2, but was negatively associated with SF3B1 mutation. Most ASXL1-mutated patients (85%) had concurrent other gene mutations at diagnosis. ASXL1 mutation was an independent poor prognostic factor for survival. Sequential studies showed that the original ASXL1 mutation remained unchanged at disease progression in all 32 ASXL1-mutated patients but were frequently accompanied with acquisition of mutations of other genes, including RUNX1, NRAS, KRAS, SF3B1, SETBP1 and chromosomal evolution. On the other side, among the 80 ASXL1-wild patients, only one acquired ASXL1 mutation at leukemia transformation. In conclusion, ASXL1 mutations in association with other genetic alterations may have a role in the development of MDS but contribute little to disease progression.
Critically Ill Patients and Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Y. Kida
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of long lasting unsurmountable histamine H2 blockade and gastric carcinoid tumours in the rat.
Authors: D Poynter, C R Pick, R A Harcourt, S A Selway, G Ainge, I W Harman, N W Spurling, P A Fluck, J L Cook
Journal: Gut (1985)

The oral administration of loxtidine, a potent histamine H2-antagonist, to a total of 378 rats at doses of 50, 185, or 685 mg/kg/day for 116 weeks resulted in the late formation of carcinoid tumours of the gastric fundus. The first such tumour was detected after 712 days of treatment. There was no dose related response; 11 rats at the low level of treatment were affected, 12 at the intermediate and 11 at the high. Twenty seven females but only seven males were affected. No gastric tumours were found in the 228 controls. There is no evidence that loxtidine acts as a direct carcinogen and it is suggested that the tumours were the result of prolonged achlorhydria produced by a potent unsurmountable histamine H2 receptor antagonist.
Decision Making in Hospital Administration and Medical Care: A Casebook
Authors: Ralph E. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This is a casebook written in answer to the need for current, practical material in the field of hospital administration. The cases come from consultations by Hamilton Associates, the hospitalmanagement consulting firm associated with the University of Minnesota. The five groups of cases are concerned with ( 1) determining the need for hospital facilities, (2) establishing a new general hospital, (3) handling the external relations of a hospital, (4) organizing the internal operations of a hospital, (5) and making changes as the hospital adapts itself to the dynamics of the environment. The last chapter is comprised of 96 "curbstone cases." These are short case reports demanding both immediate action and unusual candor. Each case report is followed by pertinent questions that clearly ferret out the central issues. Following these, even larger numbers of complementary questions are presented in such a way that the full teaching value can be extracted from each
Millennium development goal met early on access to safe water
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Two billion more people around the world gained access to safe drinking water between 1990 and 2010, meeting the millennium development goal of halving the proportion of people without access to this resource.

A report on progress on goals for improving safe drinking water and sanitation by the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and its children’s agency Unicef, has found that by the end of 2010, 11% of the world’s population did not have access to safe drinking water, compared with 24% in 1990. The goal, one of the first to be met, was reached five years earlier than the target date of 2015.

The report points out that progress on this goal …
Fleiss, Freud and the nose
Authors: P. Perkins
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

The review by Mahmood Bhutta (JRSM 2007;100:268-274) concludes that, even in humans, the humble nose maybe responsible for far-reaching consequences if it cunningly influences one's choice of partner.1 Grand claims have previously been made for this appendage. Wilhelm Fleiss (1858-1928), a nose and throat specialist in Berlin, developed a unique and curious theory that illnesses are caused by disturbances in the nasal mucous membranes.2

Fleiss attended a course of lectures given by Sigmund Freud in Vienna and they later became close and influential friends;3 indeed, Fleiss twice operated on Freud's nose. In 1893 Fleiss published his monograph on ‘The Nasal Reflex Neurosis’, in which he claimed that back pain, chest tightness, digestive disturbances, insomnia and ‘anxious dreams’ could all be attributed to nasal pathology. He also claimed that temporary relief of these symptoms was possible with the topical application of cocaine,4 of which Freud had published the first account of local anaesthetic properties.5

Gradually the list of conditions grew to include migraine, vertigo, asthma and then gynaecological conditions such as dysmenorrhoea and repeated miscarriages. All these could be diagnosed by careful inspection of the nasal mucosa. Fleiss later concluded that there was a ‘special’ connection between the nose and the sexual organs.

It is interesting that recent and more orthodox research techniques have confirmed a link of sorts and possibly a subliminal reflex between the nose, its olfactory function and choice of sexual partners. A limited degree of posthumous credibility might now distinguish Fleiss and his once-discredited nasal-reflex theory.
CD4 Counts as Surrogate Markers for Progression to AIDS
Authors: Andrew N. Phillips
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 January 1994CD4 Counts as Surrogate Markers for Progression to AIDSAndrew N. Phillips, PhD and Caroline A. Sabin, MScAndrew N. Phillips, PhDUniversity College London Medical School; London W1N 8AA; EnglandRoyal Free Hospital School of Medicine; London NW3 2 PF; EnglandSearch for more papers by this author and Caroline A. Sabin, MScUniversity College London Medical School; London W1N 8AA; EnglandRoyal Free Hospital School of Medicine; London NW3 2 PF; EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Choi and colleagues [1] use data from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Protocol 019 Trial to investigate the degree to which zidovudine's effect on the risk for clinical disease acts via its effect on the CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4+ percent). They fit the CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4+ percent) as a time-dependent covariate (that is, the current value) in a Cox proportional-hazards model of the effect of zidovudine on the risk for progression to AIDS. The small degree of attenuation in the placebo-zidovudine relative risk estimate resulting from such adjustment led to the conclusion that only a ...REFERENCE1. Choi S, Lagakos SW, Schooley RT, Volberding PA. CD4+ lymphocytes are an incomplete surrogate marker for clinical progression in persons with asymptomatic HIV infection taking zidovudine. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:674-80. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University College London Medical School; London W1N 8AA; EnglandRoyal Free Hospital School of Medicine; London NW3 2 PF; England PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1994Volume 120, Issue 1Page: 87-88KeywordsAIDSBiomarkersClinical trialsConfidence intervalsLymphocytesRelative riskRisk management Issue Published: 1 January 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A CASE OF FOURNIER'S SECONDARY SYPHILITIC ANALGESIA
Authors: C. RASCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1916)

Journal Article A CASE OF FOURNIER'S SECONDARY SYPHILITIC ANALGESIA Get access C. RASCH C. RASCH Skin‐Department, Rigshospital, Copenhagen. Director, C. Ranch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 28, Issue 4-6, 6 April 1916, Pages 119–122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1916.tb16768.x Published: 06 April 1916
Peripheral Neuropathy and Starvation After Gastric Partitioning for Morbid Obesity
Authors: Howard Feit, Mark Glasberg, Carol Ireton, Roger N. Rosenberg, Erwin Thal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Three months after gastric partitioning for morbid obesity, two patients developed an unusual and severe form of polyneuropathy that affected their sense of position maximally. This disorder produced severe ataxia of the upper extremities and trunk, and pseudochorea. One patient died and the autopsy showed an extensive demyelinating polyneuropathy. Neuronal cell bodies in the anterior horns and dorsal root ganglia showed extensive accumulations of lipofuscin and Schwann cells showed extensive accumulations of lipid. This neuronal and Schwann cell lipidosis appears to result from starvation of the obese and has never been reported in other forms of human starvation or nutritional deficiency.
Treatment of Acute Massive Pulmonary Embolism by Streptokinase during Labour and Delivery
Authors: R. J. C. Hall, C. Young, G. C. Sutton, S. Cambell
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A 29-year-old woman sustained an acute massive pulmonary embolism in the 32nd week of pregnancy. Rapid clinical improvement followed the use of streptokinase. Treatment was continued for 41 hours, including labour and the first three hours after delivery. There was slow but severe postpartum haemorrhage. Partial uterine atony occurred, and may have been due, at least in part, to fibrin degradation products arising from thrombolysis. No adverse effects were noted in the baby. Our experience suggests that streptokinase may be given during labour but that an oxytocic agent may be needed; and that reversal of fibrinolysis before delivery is best achieved by the use of aprotinin (Trasylol) rather than aminocaproic acid.
AZGP1 Autoantibody Predicts Survival and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Increase Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Daniel L. Albertus, Christopher W. Seder, Guoan Chen, Xiaoju Wang, Wibisono Hartojo, Lin Lin, Amy Silvers, Daffyd G. Thomas, Thomas J. Giordano, Andrew C. Chang, Mark B. Orringer, William L. Bigbee, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, David G. Beer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Pulmonary Function Studies in Patients With Farmer's Lung
Authors: J. V. Williams
Journal: Thorax (1963)

The inhalation of mouldy hay, grain, or straw produces in certain individuals the respiratory illness known as farmer's lung (Campbell, 1932; Fawcitt, 1938a and b).It is characterized by dyspnoea, fever, malaise, basal crepitations, and later diffuse reticulo-nodular chest radiographic shadowing, the acute and subacute phases de- scribed by Fuller (1953).Lung biopsies taken when this illness is subsiding show an acute granulomatous pneumonitis (
Anaphylactic Reaction to Relaxin
Authors: Robert A. Levine, Richard J. Kossmann, Bernard Rogoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

RELAXIN has been used by various clinical investigators in the management of the vascular complications of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and in the therapy of a group of obstetric conditions, including premature labor. Since its introduction in 1956, interest in the clinical applications of this drug has continued to be high.Relaxin is a hormone extracted from the ovaries of pregnant sows and a polypeptide of low molecular weight. Because it is of porcine origin it might be expected to give rise to a variety of allergic reactions when given to human beings. Most reports emphasize minimal toxicity, noting local . . .
Use of primary care electronic medical record database in drug efficacy research on cardiovascular outcomes: comparison of database and randomised controlled trial findings
Authors: R. L Tannen, M. G Weiner, D. Xie
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine whether observational studies that use an electronic medical record database can provide valid results of therapeutic effectiveness and to develop new methods to enhance validity. <b>Design</b> Data from the UK general practice research database (GPRD) were used to replicate previously performed randomised controlled trials, to the extent that was feasible aside from randomisation. <b>Studies</b> Six published randomised controlled trials. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Cardiovascular outcomes analysed by hazard ratios calculated with standard biostatistical methods and a new analytical technique, prior event rate ratio (PERR) adjustment. <b>Results</b> In nine of 17 outcome comparisons, there were no significant differences between results of randomised controlled trials and database studies analysed using standard biostatistical methods or PERR analysis. In eight comparisons, Cox adjusted hazard ratios in the database differed significantly from the results of the randomised controlled trials, suggesting unmeasured confounding. In seven of these eight, PERR adjusted hazard ratios differed significantly from Cox adjusted hazard ratios, whereas in five they didn’t differ significantly, and in three were more similar to the hazard ratio from the randomised controlled trial, yielding PERR results more similar to the randomised controlled trial than Cox (P&lt;0.05). <b>Conclusions</b> Although observational studies using databases are subject to unmeasured confounding, our new analytical technique (PERR), applied here to cardiovascular outcomes, worked well to identify and reduce the effects of such confounding. These results suggest that electronic medical record databases can be useful to investigate therapeutic effectiveness.
Long-term results of chemoimmunotherapy with low-dose fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and high-dose rituximab as initial treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kenneth A. Foon, Dhaval Mehta, Suzanne Lentzsch, Patricia Kropf, Stanley Marks, Diana Lenzner, Louis Pietragallo, Mathew Sulecki, Ahmad Tarhini, Michael Boyiadzis
Journal: Blood (2012)
Sex steroids and bone mass in older men. Positive associations with serum estrogens and negative associations with androgens.
Authors: C W Slemenda, C Longcope, L Zhou, S L Hui, M Peacock, C C Johnston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether bone density in older men was associated with serum sex steroids or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Bone density and sex steroids were measured in men over age 65 at 6-mo intervals for an average of 2.1 yr. Bone density was significantly positively associated with greater serum E2 concentrations (+0.21 < r < +0.35; 0.01 < P < 0.05) at all skeletal sites. There were weak negative correlations between serum testosterone and bone density (-0.20 < r < -0.28; 0.03 < P < 0.10) at the spine and hip. SHBG was negatively associated only with bone density in the greater trochanter (r = -0.26, P < 0.05). Greater body weight was associated with lower serum testosterone and SHBG, and greater E2. Because of these associations, regression models which adjusted for age, body weight, and serum sex steroids were constructed; these accounted for 10-30% of the variability in bone density, and showed consistent, significant positive associations between bone density and serum E2 concentrations in men, even after adjustments for weight and SHBG. These data suggest that estrogens may play an important role in the development or maintenance of the male skeleton, much as is the case for the female skeleton. These data also indicate that, within the normal range, lower serum testosterone concentrations are not associated with low bone density in men.
More on preventing skin cancer: Sun avoidance will increase incidence of cancers overall
Authors: C. F Garland
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Fry and Verne in their editorial concluded that sunscreens may create a false sense of security and encourage over-exposure to the sun.1,2 Sunscreens should not be relied on to prevent melanoma. Typical sunscreens only weakly absorb ultraviolet A light, which is 97% of ultraviolet radiation and is nearly as carcinogenic as ultraviolet B light. The typical protection factor for ultraviolet A is 2-4 for chemical sunscreens.3 Absorption of ultraviolet A is not included in calculation of the sun protection factor.

The authors' advice to avoid the sun would not be the best strategy for reducing overall incidence of cancer. Recommending moderate exposure to the sun would be more prudent.

Solar exposure is the main source of vitamin D. Vitamin D and its metabolites reduce the risk of cancers of the colon,4,5 w1 w2 breast,w3-w5 and prostate,w6-w8 and other cancers.w9 Since the United Kingdom is located at northern latitudes supplementation of the diet with vitamin D would be helpful, in addition to encouraging moderate exposure to the sun. People in the United Kingdom cannot synthesise vitamin D from November to the end of March, like residents of Boston.w9 The half life of the storage form of vitamin D is about three weeks, so Britons become deficient by December.

Residents of the United Kingdom should aim for 10-15 minutes a day in the sun when the weather allows, without sunscreen, to allow adequate synthesis of vitamin D. Vitamin D3 supplementation of children aged 1 year and older and adults at 400 IU per day (10 μg) would be appropriate and would avoid risk of toxicity.w10 Adults aged 71 and older should receive 600 IU (15 μg) daily.w11 Sunscreens should be used with caution until products are available that block ultraviolet A with the same degree of protection as ultraviolet B.
HLA-B27-Associated Cardiac Disease
Authors: Jon A. Arnason
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 May 1998HLA-B27-Associated Cardiac DiseaseJon A. Arnason, MDJon A. Arnason, MDUW Health, Portage Community Clinic; Portage, WI 53901Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest Dr. Bergfeldt's excellent review on the cardiac manifestations of HLA-B27-associated diseases [1]. By using selected studies published from 1936 to 1995, the author presented convincing data in support of HLA-B27-associated heart disease as a clinical entity.The incidence of cardiac manifestations in ankylosing spondylitis is not clear. Transesophageal echocardiography [2] showed increased echogenicity of the subvalvular portion of the interventricular septum in eight of nine men with ankylosing spondylitis. This may represent fibrosis due to inflammation or obliterative endarteritis, possibly extending from the aortic valve. Asymptomatic cardiac involvement may therefore be common in ...References1. Bergfeldt L. HLA-B27-associated cardiac disease. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:621-9. Google Scholar2. Arnason JA, Patel AK, Rahko PS, Sundstrom WR. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of the aortic root and subvalvular structures in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1996; 23:120-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: UW Health, Portage Community Clinic; Portage, WI 53901 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 781KeywordsAnkylosing spondylitisAortic valveCardiovascular therapyEchocardiographyFibrosisHeart diseasesInflammationLongitudinal studies Issue Published: 1 May 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...