tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lasker Award: Priority Claim
Authors: John C. Saunders
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I want to protest officially the recognition that has been accorded Dr. Nathan S. Kline's role in the development of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and specifically iproniazid, for the treatment of depression. This matter becomes currently urgent because of Dr. Kline's recent acceptance of the Lasker Award and the publication inThe Journalof his paper "The Practical Management of Depression," presented as a result of this (<b>190</b>:732 [Nov 23] 1964). Neither the terms of the award nor the paper recognize that my role was primary in the development and administration of this drug for this purpose. There can be no doubt that intellectual dishonesty is involved here. I am enclosing a substantiating reprint (Saunders, J.C.: Treatment of Hospitalized Depressed and Schizophrenic Patients With Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Including Reflections on Pargyline,<i>Ann NY Acad Sci</i><b>107</b>:1081 [July 8] 1963) and a copy of my letter of
Thomas Maciag: In praise of an open mind
Authors: Katherine A. Hajjar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

In my office, I have a painting. It depicts a waterway in Venice that is flanked by a row of eight buildings that recede diagonally from the foreground on the right to the background on the left. In the middle distance, a lone boatman plies his way inward along the canal. Blue- or red-and-white barber pole moorings demarcate the water’s edge. Each edifice rising from the water is architecturally detailed, with its own unique collection of pitched roofs, porticos, balustrades, niches, and statuettes. Rows of doors, windows, and balconies punctuate each facade. The colors are bold — a saturated reddish-brown invests each structure, setting it apart from the sky’s ethereal blue and the water’s murky gray. There is a strong sense of perspective in this picture, but the eye is drawn to a vanishing point that lies not within the watercolor image itself but off to the left, beyond the confines of the frame. The artist was Tom Maciag, who died on March 8, 2004.
Gene Duplications and Losses within the Cyclooxygenase Family of Teleosts and Other Chordates
Authors: J. C. Havird, M. M. Miyamoto, K. P. Choe, D. H. Evans
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Cyclooxygenase (COX) produces prostaglandins in animals via the oxidation and reduction of arachidonic acid. Different types and numbers of COX genes have been found in corals, sea squirts, fishes, and tetrapods, but no study has used a comparative phylogenetic approach to investigate the evolutionary history of this complex gene family. Therefore, to examine COX evolution in the teleosts and chordates, 9 novel COX sequences (possessing residues and domains critical to COX function) were acquired from the euryhaline killifish, longhorn sculpin, sea lamprey, Atlantic hagfish, and amphioxus using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloning methods. Phylogenetic analyses of these and other COX sequences show a complicated history of COX duplications and losses. There are three main lineages of COX in the chordates corresponding to the three subphyla in the phylum Chordata, with each lineage representing an independent COX duplication. Hagfish and lamprey most likely have traditional COX-1/2 genes, suggesting that these genes originated with the first round of genome duplication in the vertebrates according to the 2R hypothesis and are not exclusively present in the gnathostomes. All teleosts examined have three COX genes due to a teleost-specific genome duplication followed by variable loss of a COX-1 (in the zebrafish and rainbow trout) or COX-2 gene (in the derived teleosts). Future studies should examine the functional ramifications of these differential gene losses.
Hypokalemic Vacuolar Myopathy Associated With Chlorthalidone Treatment
Authors: Shing Joong Oh
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A 56-year-old woman developed hypokalemic vacuolar myopathy following chlorthalidone therapy and laxative abuse. A complete recovery was made with the proper treatment. The importance of recognition of hypokalemic neuromuscular complications during thiazide and chlorthalidone therapy is stressed.
Recruiting new principals in general practice.
Authors: I Key
Journal: BMJ (1985)

New principals in general practice who were appointed from 1981 to 1983 by two family practitioner committees, one in an inner city and one in a combination of an inner city and suburban area, were surveyed to find out if they were making improvements to primary medical care in their new practices. Most were not. The highly trained, motivated, young doctors on the whole had joined group practices and practices in health centres, where facilities tended to be good. Older doctors, who may not be as concerned with change, had joined smaller practices, in which it was difficult to make changes owing to, for example, the type of premises and costs.
A Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism May Influence Phenotype in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Arjun Andrew Anilkumar, Robert Newbury, Ranjan Dohil, James Mueller, Hal M. Hoffman, David H. Broide, Seema Sharma Aceves
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
G cell population of the gastric antrum, plasma gastrin, and gastric acid secretion in patients with and without duodenal ulcer.
Authors: C M Royston, J Polak, S R Bloom, W M Cooke, R C Russell, A G Pearse, J Spencer, R B Welbourn, J H Baron
Journal: Gut (1978)

Estimates of the G cell population were made in 24 resected human pyloric antra from counts of cells in multiple samples and from measurements of antral size. Measurements had been made previously in 20 subjects of acid output (basal and after pentagastrin) and in 10 subjects of plasma gastrin (basal and after insulin + bicarbonate). G cells were most dense near the pylorus, but their circumferential distribution was even. The G cell populations ranged from 8 to 15 (mean 10) million in four control patients and from 3 to 43 (mean 18) million in 15 patients with duodenal ulcer. Those with recurrent ulcer after vagotomy had either a low G cell count and incomplete vagotomy, or a high G cell count and apparently complete denervation. Two patients with hypergastrinaemia and duodenal ulcer had moderate (29 X 10(6)) or marked (56 X 10(6)) excesses of G cells. 9G cell hyperplasia9 may represent the extreme end of the normal range of G cell numbers in the antrum, and can be assessed by semi-quantitative grading of G cell hyperplasia in antral biopsies. There were significant direct correlations between antral area and G cell density, between peak acid output and G cell population, and between basal plasma gastrin and G cell density (but not population). We suggest that, in patients with duodenal ulcer, acid and gastrin secretion are interrelated and that both are related to the masses of parietal cells and of G cells.
Interleukin 5 and interleukin 2 cooperate with interleukin 4 to induce IgG1 secretion from anti-Ig-treated B cells.
Authors: J M Purkerson, M Newberg, G Wise, K R Lynch, P C Isakson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

We have analyzed requirements for IL-4-induced secretion of IgG1 from anti-Ig-activated B cells. Activated B cell blasts prepared by culture of high density B cells with anti-Ig failed to secrete IgG1 upon subsequent culture with LPS and IL-4. However, IL-4 markedly suppressed IgM secretion in the same cultures. Addition of a mixture of T cell-derived lymphokines or rIL-5 to LPS-stimulated anti-Ig blasts restored IL-4-stimulated IgG1 secretion; rIL-2 further enhanced the response to IL-4 + rIL-5. These results suggest that IL-4, IL-5, and IL-2 cooperate in the regulation of B lymphocyte Ig isotype expression.
ABC of arterial and venous disease: Arterial aneurysms
Authors: M M Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

True arterial aneurysms are defined as a 50% increase in the normal diameter of the vessel. Clinical symptoms usually arise from the common complications that affect arterial aneurysms—namely, rupture, thrombosis, or distal embolisation. Although the aneurysmal process may affect any large or medium sized artery, the most commonly affected vessels are the aorta and iliac arteries, followed by the popliteal, femoral, and carotid vessels.
Coincidental factors of handaxe morphology
Authors: April Nowell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Handaxe morphology is thought to be the first example of the imposition of arbitrary form. Handaxes may thus inform researchers about shared mental templates and evolving cognitive abilities. However, many factors, not related to changes in cognition (e.g., material type, function, resharpening processes), influence handaxe shape over time and space. Archaeologists must control for these factors before making inferences concerning cognition.
One week and six months angiographic controls of coronary stent implantation during primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Christian Spaulding, Khaldoun Ben Hamda, Laurent Roussel, Yann Chalet, Jacques Monsegu, Antoine Py, Romain Cador, Olivier Tsokanakis, Simon Weber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Brief Report
Authors: Tsu-Hui Shiao, Yih-Leong Chang, Chong-Jen Yu, Yeun-Chung Chang, Ya-Chieh Hsu, Shih-Han Chang, Jin-Yuan Shih, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Bulimia: When Is a Binge a Binge?
Authors: Steven C. Dilsaver
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —In a recently published article in JAMA , Schotte and Stunkard 1 reported that the incidence of bulimia defined by either DSM-III or DSM-IIIR criteria among college students is 1.3% for women and 0.1% for men. These conclusions, based on structured methods of data collection, seem sound. I have, however, questions about the questionnaire data.  When is a binge a binge? Some of us might consider the hearty eating done on Thanksgiving Day to be a binge. There is a great deal of latitude for subjective interpretations of the question of whether one binges or not. The authors report that the frequency of binging on a monthly or more frequent basis was 44.7% among women. Was this based on the subject's perception or were the questions written to ensure conformity to the DSM-III or DSM-IIIR definition of a binge? This is a basic question for those interested in
Prognostic Role of CMR in Patients Presenting With Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Dana K. Dawson, Karin Hawlisch, Gordon Prescott, Isabelle Roussin, Elisa Di Pietro, Monica Deac, Joyce Wong, Michael P. Frenneaux, Dudley J. Pennell, Sanjay K. Prasad
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Conceptual coordination bridges information processing and neurophysiology
Authors: William J. Clancey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Information processing theories of memory and skills can be reformulated in terms of how categories are physically and temporally related, a process called conceptual coordination. Dreaming can then be understood as a story-understanding process in which two mechanisms found in everyday comprehension are missing: conceiving sequences (chunking categories in time as a higher-order categorization) and coordinating across modalities (e.g., relating the sound of a word and the image of its meaning). On this basis, we can readily identify isomorphisms between dream phenomenology and neurophysiology, and explain the function of dreaming as facilitating future coordination of sequential, cross-modal categorization (i.e., REM sleep lowers activation thresholds, “unlearning”). [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Solms; Revonsuo; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
Ethical Issues Involved in Disclosing Medical Errors
Authors: P. R. Rajendran
Journal: JAMA (2001)

MEDICAL ERRORS ARE THE FIFTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE United States and result in annual costs of up to $29 billion, according to estimates from the Institute of Medicine (IOM). These figures suggest that medical mistakes occur commonly in medical practice. Indeed, 95% of physicians surveyed reported witnessing a medical error, and 61% of health care professionals believe errors are a routine part of medical practice. Because medical errors have a large impact on patient care, it is important to consider the ethical issues regarding disclosure that arise when health care providers make or witness errors. According to the IOM report, many medical errors are due to systemic flaws rather than mistakes by particular health care providers. Examples of such systemic culprits include poor communication between multiple health care providers and inadequate labeling of drug interactions. Therefore, strategies that focus less on individuals’ actions and concentrate on systemic problems are more likely to detect and prevent medical errors. Such strategies include instituting electronic medical records and improving the coordination of patient care. A major challenge for hospitals in reducing errors is to institute systems that can better pinpoint, investigate, and prevent medical errors without exposing staff to excessive blame and litigation. When medical error is not disclosed, those who witness the error must determine whether they should remain silent or reveal the error. This decision can be particularly difficult for medical students, who must violate the traditional medical hierarchy to disclose the error. The doctrine of respondeat superior holds the attending physician ultimately responsible for all decisions concerning a patient. Does this doctrine relieve the medical student of any ethical responsibility to the patient? Entrants in the 2001 Conley Ethics Contest were asked to apply this question to the following scenario: “During your surgical clerkship, you observe a medical mistake during a procedure in the operating room. The error does not result in the patient’s death, but requires the patient to extend his stay in the hospital several days. In addition, the postoperative pain experienced by the patient is more significant than it would have been otherwise. The attending physician informs the patient that there was a complication during the procedure, but does not specify that it was secondary to his error. How do you respond?” In this issue of MSJAMA, the winning essays ultimately urge disclosure of the error by the physician and not by the medical student. Courtney Wusthoff discusses how the student should facilitate disclosure when the attending physician refuses to reveal the error. Scott Cowie and Susan Lee emphasize the importance of categorizing error by type and severity. Norman Fost adds a new perspective to this debate by examining ethical issues involved when a physician considers disclosing the error of another physician. Understanding these ethical issues will ultimately help reduce the occurrence of medical errors.
Hypersensitivity Angiitis Caused by Fumes from Heat-Activated Photocopy Paper
Authors: JOHN R. TENCATI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A 53-year-old librarian had recurrent palpable purpura on her ankles and legs that was found to be caused by the fumes released from heat-activated photocopy paper at her place of employment. Behenic acid was identified as the responsible chemical component through a series of challenge studies that simulated her work exposure. Behenic acid, a fatty acid, is volatilized when heat-activated photocopy paper is developed. Absorption through the upper respiratory mucosa was the likely route of entry of this agent. The mechanism of this reaction is unclear. Skin biopsies, complement studies, and immune complex assays failed to confirm a type III immune response. Physicians should be aware that chemical fumes released from microfilm copying machines or other devices that use heat-activated photocopy paper may cause palpable purpura.
Treatment of Subungual Haematoma
Authors: C. A. Stossel
Journal: BMJ (1964)

coincidental, must result from a failure of aseptic techniques.Any interference in a patient with a foetal death has some risk, and this risk must be weighed against that of conservative treat- nent.At a scientific meeting of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Dr. Geoghegan, of Dublin, reported a maternal death resulting from amniotic embolus immediately after abdominal amni- otomy in a patient with polyhydramnios; this must also be recognized as a rare but definite risk of the procedure.If induction of labour is thought necessary in a patient with foetal death intravenous oxytocin is probably the safest initial procedure.How- ever, induction may fail in these circum- stances, and it would still seem reasonable to use intra-amniotic hypertonic glucose or saline rather than prolong oxytocin therapy for more than two days.-Weare, etc.,
F-18 FDG-Avid Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Adenoma Mimicking Follicular Neoplasm
Authors: Mee Kyoung Kim, Guil Sun Kim, Su Yoen Kim, Ki Hyun Baek, Moo II Kang, Kwang Woo Lee, Hyung Sun Sohn, Woo Chan Park, Ki-Ho Song
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 64-year-old woman was biochemically diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism. Technetium-99m sestamibi parathyroid scan demonstrated persistent uptake in the left lower pole of the thyroid. She underwent F-18 FDG PET due to unrelated causes. Incidentally, we found focal FDG accumulation in the lower portion of left thyroid lobe. An ultrasound showed a 2.2-cm nodule containing cystic component in the left lower pole of the thyroid. The intact PTH level in the cystic fluid was much higher than the serum intact PTH level, suggesting an intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma. Left lobectomy revealed an intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma in the left thyroid lobe.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Aurora-A Induce Proteasomal Degradation of N-Myc in Childhood Neuroblastoma
Authors: Markus Brockmann, Evon Poon, Teeara Berry, Anne Carstensen, Hedwig E. Deubzer, Lukas Rycak, Yann Jamin, Khin Thway, Simon P. Robinson, Frederik Roels, Olaf Witt, Matthias Fischer, Louis Chesler, Martin Eilers
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Epidemiology of Nosocomial Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: ROBERT L. THOMPSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Outbreaks of hospital-acquired infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are being recognized with increasing frequency in the United States. Two thirds of outbreaks have been centered in critical care units. Infected and colonized inpatients appear to be the major institutional reservoir, and transient carriage on the hands of hospital personnel appears to be the most important mechanism of serial patient-to-patient transmission. In over 85% of hospitals into which they have been introduced, methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus have become established as endemic nosocomial pathogens. A program designed to control a widespread outbreak in a university hospital used three surveillance methods to identify the major institutional reservoir of colonized and infected inpatients. Daily clinical laboratory surveillance, monthly prospective microbiologic surveys of high-risk inpatients, and the recognition of previously infected or colonized patients at rehospitalization identified 38%, 31%, and 31% of new cases, respectively. After control measures were instituted, the prevalence (p < 0.001) and the number of acquisitions (p < 0.002) of methicillin-resistant S. aureus declined over a 12-month period.
Adora2b-elicited Per2 stabilization promotes a HIF-dependent metabolic switch crucial for myocardial adaptation to ischemia
Authors: Tobias Eckle, Katherine Hartmann, Stephanie Bonney, Susan Reithel, Michel Mittelbronn, Lori A Walker, Brian D Lowes, Jun Han, Christoph H Borchers, Peter M Buttrick, Douglas J Kominsky, Sean P Colgan, Holger K Eltzschig
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Control and prevention of tuberculosis in the UK.
Authors: F Festenstein
Journal: Thorax (1995)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To determine if simple screening tests of visual function are sensitive to a history of mTBI in recently deployed soldiers. <h3>Background:</h3> Mildtraumatic brain injury (mTBI=concussion) can result in persistent neurological symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, behavioral changes, and sleep disturbances. Vision problems can also stem from these injuries, including difficulty with reading, double vision, and eye strain. Such symptoms are often overlooked in the standard evaluation of mTBI. We evaluated the performance of three simple tests of visual function in a non-clinical cohort of recently deployed soldiers in order to determine whether these tests distinguished between soldiers with and without a history of mTBI. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Participants were a random subset of recently deployed soldiers returning to Fort Bragg, NC. We evaluated near point of convergence break, amplitude of accommodation, and saccadic eye movement (King-Devick) during a structured clinical examination. Mean test values / proportions with clinically significant results were compared between soldiers with (cases) and without (controls) a history of mTBI sustained during this last deployment. <h3>Results:</h3> Participants(n=406; 122 mTBI cases; 284 controls) were primarily male (89%) and young (28years of age). Compared to controls, those with a history of mTBI did worse on all visual tests and had approximately doubled odds of having clinically relevant results. Sub-group analysis showed that mTBI with reported loss of consciousness was particularly associated with poor performance on these tests. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Three simple tests of visual function are sensitive to a history of mTBI in this non-clinical sample of recently deployed soldiers. Since these tests are quick, inexpensive, and easy to administer, they may be useful as screening instruments or prognostic biomarkers in studies of non-clinical populations. <b>Study Supported by:</b> Primary funding was provided by the Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM)and the Defense Medical Research and Development Program (DMRDP). <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Chang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Finkel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schwab has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brenner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Klimp has nothing to disclose. Dr. McMillan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scher has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Inc. as an advisory board member.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome Complicating Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: VICTOR W. LEE, TIEN T. PENG, MICHAEL J. O??BRIEN, ROBERT M. HAUCK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by the Budd-Chiari syndrome is described. The antemortem diagnosis of both conditions was made with the unique findings of multitracer scintigraphy. The difficulty of diagnosing these two conditions by the conventional approach is reviewed. The advantages of using multitracer scintigraphy for evaluation of hepatic lesions are also discussed.