tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MET and EGFR Mutations Identified in ALK-Rearranged Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: Molecular Analysis of 25 ALK-Positive Cases
Authors: Jennifer M. Boland, Jin Sung Jang, Jun Li, Adam M. Lee, Jason A. Wampfler, Michele R. Erickson-Johnson, Ibere Soares, Ping Yang, Jin Jen, Andre M. Oliveira, Eunhee S. Yi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Transient Gynecomastia in Chronic Renal Failure During Chronic Intermittent Hemodialysis
Authors: GUNTHER W. SCHMITT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Transient gynecomastia was observed in six of seven patients with chronic renal failure that was being treated with chronic intermittent hemodialysis. All seven had tenderness of the breasts, poor sexual function, and small testes, or poor spermatogenesis, or both. Neither drugs nor hepatic disease seemed to be responsible for the gynecomastia. The gynecomastia appeared similar to that seen during refeeding of malnourished patients. The cause of this disorder is as yet unknown, but may be due to secretion by the testes of an estrogen or a similar substance.
Weaver's Bottom
Authors: Robert W. Parvin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was surprised to find under the section, "Clinical Characteristics," the remark, "Symptomatically, the patients may have a slight fever and a moderately high erythrocyte sedimentation rate" since fever and sedimentation rate can hardly be described as symptoms. I was also surprised to note that "ischiatic x-ray films, if positive, are incidental." A "positive" x-ray film would be one depicting calcification, which is quite germane rather than incidental.
Sports, Medical Officials Call 'Spit' Tobacco 'Out'
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

DESPITE GRUMBLING by some players, professional baseball is trying to discourage the use of smokeless tobacco. And if the American College of Sports Medicine has its way, smokeless tobacco will disappear from the entire sports scene. The Indianapolis, Ind-based college lays claim to being "the world's largest sports medicine and exercise science association." It is calling for an end to sponsorship of athletic events by smokeless tobacco product manufacturers. (Smokeless tobacco products have not been advertised on US radio or television since a 1988 congressional ban.) Despite a growing body of research data indicating negative effects of smokeless tobacco use, the college says, "the sale of dipping and chewing tobacco has been increasing at alarming rates" in this country. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, based in Chicago, Ill, adds: "Smokeless tobacco not only is linked to oral cancer and other diseases, it also causes cavities." The academy is calling
Renal Biopsy Pathology With Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: John P. Hayslett
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Although needle biopsy of solid organs was introduced into clinical medicine nearly 40 years ago, the widespread use of renal biopsy for diagnostic purposes in individual patients, and to classify and analyze the clinicopathologic correlates of renal parenchymal disease, began in the early 1960s. Information derived from the examination of human tissue has accumulated rapidly, presenting the student of renal disease, as well as the nonnephrologist, with a complex nomenclature and often a bewildering array of clinically relevant facts. This book, by Spargo, Seymour, and Ordón̄ez, is a scholarly and comprehensive treatise of renal histopathologic patterns of injury, and an attempt to synthesize this information. After a description of fixation and staining, and normal renal histology by light and electron microscopy, the first half of the text is devoted to an analysis of the major patterns of injury, while remaining sections deal with specific clinical entities. Each chapter provides information
test of capacity has little practical benefit
Authors: Derek Chiswick
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In a civilised society mental health laws protect insight-less seriously mentally ill people from themselves and protect citizens from the actions of those who are seriously mentally ill. These principles have been the cornerstone of mental health law for 50 years. But legislation must be fit for today. It should embrace contemporary concern for patient autonomy but at the same time deliver what society requires of it. Should decision making capacity have a place in modern mental health law?1 Of course it should. Should capacity be the over-riding factor that trumps all other considerations as it does with physical illness? That goes too far.

Capacity has not earned this pivotal status in routine clinical psychiatry for four reasons: it is a poorly defined concept; it is consequently difficult to assess; its assessment adds little of practical benefit when considering the clinical grounds for compulsory treatment; and its alleged presence will be used as a convenient device to legitimise rejection and delay in the treatment of mentally ill patients.

Capacity is a shaky concept in psychiatry. Scottish legislators opted instead for “decision making ability.”2 It …
Case 2-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Alexander Nadas, John T. Fallon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 3 1/2-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of congestive heart failure.She was well until two months previously, when symptoms of a respiratory-tract infection developed. Five days later her parents observed pallor and cyanosis of her lips. A physician found signs of congestive heart failure and admitted her to another hospital. Routine laboratory studies were reported to be negative; a throat culture yielded no beta-hemolytic streptococci. Agglutination studies disclosed a 10-fold rise in antibodies to influenza A/Port Chalmers/1/73 strain. She improved and one month before entry was discharged home on a regimen of bed . . .
Postmortem Cesarean Section
Authors: John W. Ritter
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE FIRSTlegendary cesarean section—accord-according to Greek mythology—was the delivery of Asklepios, the physician, by his father, Apollo, from the womb of the dead Koronis. Bacchus, the Roman god of wine, was also supposedly born in this manner. The earliest recorded reference to a successful postmortem cesarean section is by Pliny the Elder1in reference to the birth in 237 B.C. of Scipio Africanus, the Roman general who defeated Hannibal. Pope Gregory XIV was also delivered by postmortem hysterotomy; as was the 15th century Genoese admiral Andrea Doria. Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII, died giving birth to Edward VI, and it was popularly believed that the future king was delivered by postmortem cesarean section.  Contrary to legend, Julius Caesar was not born by cesarean section. At that time this operation was only performed on dead women. We know from his writing that his mother was still alive
The Intention-to-Treat Principle
Authors: Michelle A. Detry, Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4870: A Novel gamma-Lactam-Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Potently Inhibits the Growth of Human Breast and Renal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sunyoung Park, Jae Cheol Lee, Ye Ji Jeon, Hyunwoo Lee, Munkyung Kim, Jeung-Whan Han
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We evaluated the novel gamma-lactam-based analogue, KBH-A145, for its anticancer activities. KBH-A145 markedly inhibited histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in vitro and in vivo to an extent comparable to suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). The proliferation of various types of cancers was significantly suppressed by KBH-A145, among which MDA-MB-231 and MCF, human breast cancer cells and ACHN human renal cancer cells, were most sensitive. This was accompanied by induction of p21WAF1/Cip1 through compromised recruitment of HDAC1, which leads to hyperacetylation of its promoter region and thus arrested both cells in the G2/M phase. Interestingly, this compound induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, but not ACHN cells, through cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Taken together, these results show that this novel gamma -lactam-based HDAC inhibitor potently inhibits the growth of human breast and renal cancer cells. Thus KBH-A145 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of these types of cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4870.
Abstract 231: Conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies against Notch1 target aberrant Notch1 signaling in cancer stem cells.
Authors: Ankur Sharma, Annapoorni Rangarajan, Rajan R. Dighe
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating various cell fates including those of stem cells, throughout the mammalian development and adult homeostasis. Here we report characterization of anti-Notch1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb's) with potential therapeutic applications. Antibodies against various domains of human-Notch1 receptor were generated and characterized, mAb's generated against primary ligand-binding domain (EGF like repeats 11-12) and activation domain NRR (Negative Regulatory region) showed most prominent therapeutic potential. The Notch1 specific mAb 602.101 against ligand-binding domain (EGF like repeats 11-12) prevents binding of Jagged and Delta-like ligands and subsequent Notch1 receptor activation in breast cancer stem cells. Further, antibody treatment leads to apoptosis, inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions as well as irreversible depletion of cancer stem cells. The conformation specific mAb's against Notch1 NRR can specifically distinguish between the mutant and the wild type human Notch1 receptor present on cancer cells. Anti-NRR mAb's 604.107 (mutant specific) and 604.132 (wild type specific) specifically inhibited Notch1 signaling in leukemic and breast cancer stem cells. These mAbs can serve as a potential tool to irreversibly combat therapy resistant cancer stem cell subpopulations and to inhibit the epithelial to mesenchymal transitions in various types of cancers. Citation Format: Ankur Sharma, Annapoorni Rangarajan, Rajan R. Dighe. Conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies against Notch1 target aberrant Notch1 signaling in cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 231. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-231
Late blockade of T cell costimulation interrupts progression of experimental chronic allograft rejection.
Authors: A Chandraker, H Azuma, K Nadeau, C B Carpenter, N L Tilney, W W Hancock, M H Sayegh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Early blockade of T cell-costimulatory activation pathways prevents development of experimental chronic allograft rejection. Ongoing T cell recognition of alloantigen and activation may also play an important role in progression of chronic rejection, but definitive evidence is lacking. We used the fusion protein CTLA4Ig to block CD28-B7 T cell costimulation late after the onset of initial graft injury. Using the F334 into LEW rat model of chronic renal allograft rejection, transplant recipients were treated with a 10-d course of cyclosporine, and a subgroup received a single injection of CTLA4Ig at 8 wk after transplant. Functionally, CTLA4Ig administration prevented development of progressive proteinuria (14.3+/-4.1 mg/24 h versus 41.0+/-12.0 mg/24 h at 24 wk after transplant, P < 0.05). Histologically, graft mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerular hypertrophy, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, and intimal vascular hyperplasia were all attenuated in CTLA4Ig-treated animals. Lastly, reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistologic studies showed a significant reduction in the intragraft expression of key products of T cell and macrophage activation, and upregulation of what have recently been termed as "protective" genes, including the bcl family members, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and hemoxygenase. Our data are the first to demonstrate that blocking T cell-costimulatory activation late after transplantation, after initial graft injury, prevents progression of chronic allograft rejection supporting the hypothesis that ongoing T cell recognition of alloantigen and activation are key mediators of ongoing chronic allograft rejection.
Rat and human colonic mucins bind to and inhibit adherence lectin of Entamoeba histolytica.
Authors: K Chadee, W A Petri, D J Innes, J I Ravdin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Establishment of adherence by Entamoeba histolytica is mediated by a 170-kD Gal/GalNAc inhibitable lectin and is required for cytolysis and phagocytosis of mammalian target cells. We studied the biochemical mechanisms of the in vitro interaction between rat and human colonic mucins and axenic E. histolytica trophozoites. Crude mucus prevented amebic adherence to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by up to 70%. Purification of the colonic mucins by Sepharose 4B chromatography, nuclease digestion, and cesium chloride gradient centrifugation resulted in a 1,000-fold enrichment of the inhibitory mucins. Purified rat mucin inhibited amebic adherence to and cytolysis of homologous rat colonic epithelial cells. Oxidation and enzymatic cleavage of rat mucin Gal and GalNAc residues completely abrogated mucin inhibition of amebic adherence. The binding of rat 125I-mucin to amebae was galactose specific, saturable, reversible, and pH dependent. A monoclonal antibody specific for the 170-kD amebic Gal/GalNAc lectin completely inhibited the binding of rat 125I-mucin. Rat mucin bound to Affigel affinity purified the amebic lectin from conditioned medium. Colonic mucin glycoproteins act as an important host defense by binding to the parasite's adherence lectin, thus preventing amebic attachment to and cytolysis of host epithelial cells.
Efficacy of TG101348, a Selective JAK2 Inhibitor, in Treatment of a Murine Model of JAK2V617F-Induced Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Gerlinde Wernig, Michael G. Kharas, Rachel Okabe, Sandra A. Moore, Dena S. Leeman, Dana E. Cullen, Maricel Gozo, Elizabeth P. McDowell, Ross L. Levine, John Doukas, Chi Ching Mak, Glenn Noronha, Michael Martin, Yon D. Ko, Benjamin H. Lee, Richard M. Soll, Ayalew Tefferi, John D. Hood, D. Gary Gilliland
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
Inhibition of Hyaluronan Synthesis Accelerates Murine Atherosclerosis
Authors: Nadine Nagy, Till Freudenberger, Ariane Melchior-Becker, Katharina Röck, Michael ter Braak, Holger Jastrow, Martina Kinzig, Susann Lucke, Tatsiana Suvorava, Georg Kojda, Artur A. Weber, Fritz Sörgel, Bodo Levkau, Süleyman Ergün, Jens W. Fischer
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Hyaluronan is thought to mediate neointimal hyperplasia but also vasoprotection as an integral component of the endothelial glycocalyx. The present study addressed for the first time the effects of long-term pharmacological inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis on vascular function and atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— Four-week-old apolipoprotein E–deficient mice on a Western diet received orally an inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU; 10 mg/g body wt), resulting in 600 nmol/L 4-MU in plasma. As a result, aortic plaque burden was markedly increased at 25 weeks. Furthermore, acetylcholine-dependent relaxation of aortic rings was decreased and mean arterial blood pressure was increased in response to 4-MU. However, hydralazine blunted the hypertensive effect of 4-MU without inhibiting the proatherosclerotic effect. A photothrombosis model revealed a prothrombotic state that was not due to increased platelet activation or increased thrombin activation as monitored by CD62P expression and the endogenous thrombin potential. Importantly, increased recruitment of macrophages to vascular lesions was detected after 2 and 21 weeks of 4-MU treatment by immunohistochemistry, by intravital microscopy, and in a peritonitis model. As a potential underlying mechanism, severe damage of the endothelial glycocalyx after 2 and 21 weeks of treatment with 4-MU was detected by electron microscopy of the innominate artery and myocardial capillaries. Furthermore, 600 nmol/L 4-MU inhibited hyaluronan synthesis in cultured endothelial cells. Conclusions— The data suggest that systemic inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis by 4-MU interferes with the protective function of the endothelial glycocalyx, thereby facilitating leukocyte adhesion, subsequent inflammation, and progression of atherosclerosis.
Chaos and corruption: an everyday tale of health care in Macedonia
Authors: K. Krosnar
Journal: BMJ (2003)

My first impression was of chaos as crowds of people milled around in a dimly lit corridor. This was the State Hospital in Skopje, the main healthcare facility in Macedonia, and I was accompanying my friend's mother to hospital on the day that she was due to be admitted for treatment to a blocked artery.

My second impression was dismay. People shoved forward each time a door opened and a doctor appeared. There was no admissions desk or reception area, no organisation, seating, or even any signs.

After pushing our way to the front we were sent to another floor where there was similar chaos. Eventually, the surgeon who had seen my friend's mother a month earlier called her into his small bare office and claimed that he had no record of her being due for admission that day.

Tearful, she was sent home—a two and a half hour drive away—and told to call the …
Regional Intravenous Anesthesia
Authors: T. B. Quigley
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The editorial inThe Journalof July 26 (<b>193</b>:300, 1965) entitled "Regional Intravenous Anesthesia" in an example of its use describes the reduction of Colles fracture. A tourniquet is required; an Esmarch's bandage is optional. No comment is made with regard to the potential dangers of interruption of arterial flow to the extremity. Colles fracture almost invariably occurs in the afternoon of life, when vessels are stiff and tissues, particularly nerves, do not endure anoxia kindly. Irreversible injury can and occasionally does occur. The following simple rules have served me well for many years in keeping complications from the use of Esmarch's bandages and tourniquets to a minimum: Circulation is never interrupted nor a limb exsanguinated if (a) the patient is over 45 years of age; (b) there is any history or objective evidence of any sort of peripheral vascular disease, arterial or venous; or
Endothelin binding to cultured calf adrenal zona glomerulosa cells and stimulation of aldosterone secretion.
Authors: E N Cozza, C E Gomez-Sanchez, M F Foecking, S Chiou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Endothelins are a group of potent vasoconstrictors whose structure was deduced from genomic DNA. ET-1 was first isolated from culture supernatants from porcine endothelial cells and ET-3 was identified from a rat DNA library. We report on the binding of 125I-ET-1 to zona glomerulosa cells in culture and on its ability to stimulate aldosterone secretion. Cultured calf adrenal zona glomerulosa cells have saturable, high affinity [Kd = 1.00 +/- 0.17 X 10(-10) M (SEM)] receptors which bind ET-1 in a temperature and time dependent manner. Binding was specific and angiotensin II, vasopressin, ANP, BNP, apamin, calcium channel agonists or antagonists did not interact with the receptor. ET-3 displaced 125I-ET-1 from the receptor with a relative potency of 0.39 +/- 0.1% (SEM) that of ET-1. ET-1 incubated with cultured glomerulosa cells stimulated aldosterone secretion in a dose dependent manner but it was less potent than angiotensin II. ET-3 had less than 1% the relative potency of ET-1 stimulating aldosterone secretion. This data suggest that ET-1 is an independent stimulator of aldosterone secretion and we are speculating that it might be important in those situations, like in malignant hypertension, where endothelial damage might result in increased ET-1 production.
Recurrent episodes of hair loss in a 37 year old woman
Authors: C. Cunningham, R. Paus, M. Harries
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 37 year old woman presented with recurrent episodes of hair shedding that led to reduced hair volume. The first episode of hair loss had occurred three months after the death of her father. Her scalp hair had become dry and of poor quality, and soon after her hair started "falling out by the roots." After four months of serious hair shedding the hair loss slowed. Unfortunately, she then had a miscarriage, which resulted in a flare of the shedding. Investigations at this time identified low iron stores (ferritin 24.7 pmol/L, reference range 54-674 for men and 34-690 for women; 1 pmol/L=0.45 ng/mL). With increased iron consumption the shedding settled and was associated with improvements in hair quality and volume. A few months later she started a combined oral contraceptive (cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol), but within a month she developed side effects so stopped the treatment. Within six weeks she developed a further episode of increased hair shedding with loss of hair density. On first attendance she reported a reduction in the rate of hair shedding, with evidence of hair regrowth. However, she thought that her hair volume was still subnormal and felt self conscious about it. She had no medical history of note, no allergies, and had been taking multivitamin and iron supplements for the past seven months. She had not used any topical treatments, had not changed the frequency of shampooing, and denied any traumatic hair care practices. On examination there was no evidence of scarring or inflammation of the scalp skin. Short regrowing hairs were seen, the vertex hair part width was normal compared with the occipital hair part width, and a pull test to assess for active hair shedding was negative.