tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acid perfusion test: does it have a role in the assessment of non cardiac chest pain?
Authors: E G Hewson, J W Sinclair, C B Dalton, W C Wu, D O Castell, J E Richter
Journal: Gut (1989)

Using 24 hour pH monitoring as a reference standard, the usefulness of the acid perfusion (AP) test in predicting gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) was assessed in 71 non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) patients and 23 endoscopic oesophagitis patients. Of the 71 NCCP patients, 35 had a positive AP test (of whom 20 had an abnormal 24 hour pH) and 36 had a negative AP test (of whom 14 had an abnormal 24 hour pH study). Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the AP test in this group was 59%, 59%, 57%, and 61%, respectively. The corresponding values in the oesophagitis group were 85%, 67%, 94%, and 40%. In the NCCP group when heartburn alone was used as the positive criterion the PPV rose to 74%. When chest pain with or without heartburn was used, however, the PPV dropped to 38%. A 'symptom index' was used to define the number of chest pain episodes that were caused by acid reflux. Only 48% of AP test positive patients had demonstrable acid mediated chest pain. In the NCCP population with a normal oesophageal examination (1) AP test reproduction of chest pain is poorly predictive of GORD; (2) AP test reproduction of heartburn is more predictive of GORD but does not ensure that the chest pain is caused by GORD; (3) a negative AP test does not exclude GORD and (4) only 48% of AP test positive patients have demonstrable acid mediated chest pain. The ambulatory 24 hour pH test may have rendered the AP test obsolete in the assessment of GORD as the cause of NCCP.
Mental Mischief and Emotional Conflicts. Psychiatry and Psychology in Plain English.
Authors: William Samuel Sadler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1948)

This book was written for the "average" person who wants to know more about emotional conflicts—most likely his own. It is an excellent idea, but the author runs into the same difficulty that all technical writers do in attempting to simplify complicated mechanisms. The result is either an oversimplification or an incomprehensible hodgepodge. This book suffers from being both. There are passages which are simplified enough to make them interesting, but which, unfortunately, strain the facts. There are also long and detailed classifications which the technical reader would have to classify as original but meaningless. The book tends mostly toward description, and only chapter headings indicate the dynamic aspect. The author describes the illnesses very well, but when he begins to explain the basic origins of the disorders he becomes once more descriptive and not very helpful. This book was read with the purpose of evaluating its usefulness to the
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells reduce interstitial fibrosis but do not delay progression of chronic kidney disease in collagen4A3-deficient mice
Authors: V. Ninichuk, O. Gross, S. Segerer, R. Hoffmann, E. Radomska, A. Buchstaller, R. Huss, N. Akis, D. Schlöndorff, H.-J. Anders
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Impact of Time-of-Flight and Point-Spread-Function in SUV Quantification for Oncological PET
Authors: Elena Prieto, Inés Domínguez-Prado, María José García-Velloso, Iván Peñuelas, José Ángel Richter, Josep Maria Martí-Climent
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Accuracy in the quantification of the SUV is a critical point in PET because proper quantification of tumor uptake is essential for therapy monitoring and prognosis evaluation. Recent advances such as time-of-flight (TOF) and point-spread-function (PSF) reconstructions have dramatically improved detectability. However, first experiences with these techniques have shown a consistent tendency to measure markedly high SUV values, bewildering nuclear medicine physicians and referring clinicians.We investigated different reconstruction and quantification procedures to determine the optimum protocol for an accurate SUV quantification in last generation PET scanners.Both phantom and patient images were evaluated. A complete set of experiments was performed using a body phantom containing 6 spheres with different background levels and contrasts. Whole-body FDG PET/CT of 20 patients with breast and lung cancer was evaluated. One hundred five foci were identified by 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians.Each acquisition was reconstructed both with classical and advanced (TOF, PSF) reconstruction techniques. Each sphere and each in vivo lesion was quantified with different parameters as follows: SUV(max), SUV(mean), and SUV(50) (mean within a 50% isocontour).This study has confirmed that quantification with SUV(max) produces important overestimation of metabolism in new generation PET scanners. This is a relevant result because, currently, SUV(max) is the standard parameter for quantification. SUV(50) has been shown as the best alternative, especially when applied to images reconstructed with PSF + TOF.SUV(50) provides accurate quantification and should replace SUV(max) in PET tomographs incorporating advanced reconstruction techniques. PSF + TOF reconstruction is the optimum for both detection and accurate quantification.
Dual roles of human BubR1, a mitotic checkpoint kinase, in the monitoring of chromosomal instability
Authors: Hyun-Jin Shin, Kwan-Hyuck Baek, Ae-Hwa Jeon, Moon-Taek Park, Su-Jae Lee, Chang-Mo Kang, Hyun-Sook Lee, Seong-Ho Yoo, Doo-Hyun Chung, Young-Chul Sung, Frank McKeon, Chang-Woo Lee
Journal: Cancer Cell (2003)
Spinal Injuries in the Sichuan Earthquake
Authors: Zhi-hui Dong, Zhi-gang Yang, Tian-wu Chen, Yuan-chun Feng, Qi-ling Wang, Zhi-gang Chu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: A magnitude 8.0 earthquake hit the densely populated region of Sichuan, China, on May 12, 2008, causing an estimated 374,643 injuries. By July 23, 2008, a total of 2728 wounded patients had been treated at the nearest major university hospital, which had 4300 beds and was located 92 km away from the epicenter, Wenchuan County. A total of 13.0 to 15.2% of all patients with earthquake-related trauma who were admitted to the hospital had spinal injuries.1,2 Multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) with multiplanar reformation is a fast and reliable method that can be used to determine the . . .
Erratum to: “Epithelial mesenchymal transition and hedgehog signaling activation are associated with chemoresistance and invasion of hepatoma subpopulations” [J Hepatol 2011;55:838–845]
Authors: Xiaoli Chen, Shilpa Lingala, Shiva Khoobyari, Jan Nolta, Mark A. Zern, Jian Wu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A double blind multicentre study of OM-8980 and auranofin in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: T L Vischer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

The therapeutic efficacy of the immunomodulator OM-8980 in rheumatoid arthritis was compared with that of auranofin, an oral gold salt, in a double blind, randomised multicentre study lasting six months. Seventy patients were treated with auranofin and 75 with OM-8980. The patients of both groups improved significantly at three and six months for all the clinical parameters observed: Ritchie index, number of swollen joints, morning stiffness, pain, grip strength, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. No serious side effects were observed in either group. The patients receiving auranofin had more adverse reactions, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal system.
Mechanism of Action Potential Prolongation by RP 58866 and Its Active Enantiomer, Terikalant
Authors: Nancy K. Jurkiewicz, Jixin Wang, Bernard Fermini, Michael C. Sanguinetti, Joseph J. Salata
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The class III antiarrhythmic agent RP 58866 and its active enantiomer, terikalant, are reported to selectively block the inward rectifier K + current, I K1 . These drugs have demonstrated efficacy in animal models of cardiac arrhythmias, suggesting that block of I K1 may be a useful antiarrhythmic mechanism. The symmetrical action potential (AP)–prolonging and bradycardic effects of these drugs, however, are inconsistent with a sole effect on I K1 . Methods and Results We studied the effects of RP 58866 and terikalant on AP and outward K + currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. RP 58866 and terikalant potently blocked the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K + current, I Kr , with IC 50 s of 22 and 31 nmol/L, respectively. Block of I K1 was ≈250-fold less potent; IC 50 s were 8 and 6 μmol/L, respectively. No significant block of the slowly activating delayed rectifier, I Ks , was observed at ≤10 μmol/L. The phenotypical I Kr currents in mouse AT-1 cells and Xenopus oocytes expressing HERG were also blocked 50% by 200 to 250 nmol/L RP 58866 or terikalant, providing further conclusive evidence for potent block of I Kr . RP 58866 ≤1 μmol/L and dofetilide increased AP duration symmetrically, consistent with selective block of I Kr . Only higher concentrations (≥10 μmol/L) of RP 58866 slowed the rate of AP repolarization and decreased resting membrane potential, consistent with an additional but substantially less potent block of I K1 . Conclusions These data demonstrate that RP 58866 and terikalant are potent blockers of I Kr and prompt a reinterpretation of previous studies that assumed specific block of I K1 by these drugs.
Cytoglobin Overexpression Protects against Damage-Induced Fibrosis
Authors: Ruian Xu, Phillip M. Harrison, Miao Chen, Linyan Li, Tung-yu Tsui, Peter C.W. Fung, Pik-to Cheung, Guangji Wang, Hua Li, Yong Diao, Geoffrey W. Krissansen, Sue Xu, Farzin Farzaneh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Cytoglobin (Cygb), a member of the hexacoordinate globin superfamily (hxHb), is expressed in fibroblasts from a broad range of tissues. The physiological functions of hxHb are still unclear, but biochemical studies reveal that they can scavenge toxic species, such as nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. We demonstrate that the overexpression of Cygb in rat hepatic stellate cells, both in vitro and in vivo, protects against oxidative stress, inhibiting their differentiation into a myofibroblast-like phenotype. Accordingly, the overexpression of Cygb reduces extracellular matrix deposition in both toxic and cholestatic models of liver injury. The overexpression of Cygb also promotes recovery from previously initiated damage-induced fibrogenesis. By inhibiting free radical-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells, Cygb plays an important role in controlling tissue fibrosis. Therefore, the normal upregulation of Cygb during tissue injury has a homeostatic effect, inhibiting free radical-induced fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis.
Clinical Features, Prodrome Types and Vasovagal Syncope Types in Passive and Nitrate Potentiated Head Up Tilt Test
Authors: Lale Dinç Asarcıklı, Habibe Kafes, Yesim Guray, Umit Guray, Esra Gucuk İpek, Burcu Demirkan, Ayse Colak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Inhibition of Transplant Coronary Arteriosclerosis in Rabbits by Chronic Estradiol Treatment Is Associated With Abolition of MHC Class II Antigen Expression
Authors: Hong Lou, Teruaki Kodama, Ye Jun Zhao, Peter Maurice, Yi Ning Wang, Nevin Katz, Marie L. Foegh
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Accelerated coronary arteriosclerosis is a major complication in long-term survivors of cardiac transplantation. Estrogen prevents transplant arteriosclerosis in experimental cardiac and aortic allografts and may act by an immune mechanism. Methods and Results New Zealand White rabbits immunosuppressed with cyclosporine were recipients of cardiac allografts from Dutch Belted rabbits. The recipients received either estradiol or placebo daily until they were killed 6 weeks later. Histological cross sections of the cardiac allograft were used for quantification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen expression, T lymphocytes, and macrophages by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. MHC class II antigen expression was not detectable in allograft coronary arteries from any of the estradiol-treated recipients, whereas this antigen expression was present in the allograft coronary arteries from all the placebo-treated recipients. Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration of the allograft coronary artery myointima was significantly less frequent in the estradiol-treated group. Rejection was moderate but slightly less in the estradiol-treated group. These findings were associated with a 60% decrease in allograft coronary artery myointimal thickening (determined by morphometry) in the estradiol-treated compared with the placebo-treated group. Conclusions Estradiol treatment of cardiac allograft recipients abolishes MHC class II antigen expression in the coronary arteries and decreases macrophage infiltration in all three layers of the vessel wall, whereas T-lymphocyte infiltration is decreased only in the myointima. These findings are associated with estradiol inhibition of myointimal proliferation. Thus, estradiol treatment may have a beneficial effect on graft arteriosclerosis through immune mechanisms.
Cell of origin determines clinically relevant subtypes of MLL-rearranged AML
Authors: Andrei V. Krivtsov, Maria E. Figueroa, Amit U. Sinha, Matthew C. Stubbs, Zhaohui Feng, Peter J.M. Valk, Ruud Delwel, Konstanze Döhner, Lars Bullinger, Andrew L. Kung, Ari M. Melnick, Scott A. Armstrong
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Massive Bleeding From Hemorrhoidal Varices in Portal Hypertension
Authors: Kaj Johansen
Journal: JAMA (1980)

GASTROINTESTINAL bleeding in patients with portal hypertension frequently results from ruptured esophagogastric varices. Although an alternative site of natural decompression of the portal system occurs via communications from the superior hemorrhoidal to the middle and inferior hemorrhoidal veins through the submucosa of the distal rectum, severe bleeding from such hemorrhoidal varices has rarely been reported. The management of such bleeding is a matter of conjecture, and recommendations range from watchful waiting to the performance of a portasystemic shunt.<sup>1,2</sup>Our recent experience with a cirrhotic patient who bled massively from hemorrhoidal varices is illustrative of the problem and suggests a rational approach to therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old man with known alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, and esophageal varices was admitted to the Medicine Service of the Veterans Administration Hospital, San Diego, because of rectal bleeding. For several months before this hospital admission, he had had numerous episodes
An interplay of genetic and environmental factors in familial hepatitis and myasthenia gravis
Authors: S. Whittingham, I. R. Mackay, Z. S. Kiss
Journal: Gut (1970)

A family is described in which there occurred two cases of the lupoid type of active chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis, one of chronic persistent hepatitis, and one of myasthenia gravis. The two cases of lupoid hepatitis were in the proposita, a schoolgirl aged 16 years, and her great-aunt aged 69 years whom she had never met. The case of myasthenia gravis was that of the father. The whole family, except the great-aunt, had been exposed to an epidemic of infectious hepatitis five years previously, and the girl and her brother had contracted this disease. The schoolgirl later developed active chronic hepatitis while her brother had chronic persistent hepatitis without immunological concomitants. APART FROM COINCIDENCE, SOME COMBINATION OF THREE PROCESSES WAS REQUIRED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE ILLNESSES IN THIS FAMILY: a genetic predisposition to chronic liver disease in particular, a genetic predisposition to autoimmune reactions in general, and a ;triggering' effect of infection with the hepatitis virus.
The Impending Doctor Glut-Reply
Authors: Donald B. Louria
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Nguyenle-Hieu makes some good points. I used the word<i>few</i>in the context of the practice of medicine over the next several generations. Perhaps the word<i>virtually</i>is overly optimistic, but I think it almost certain that by the year 1990 the maldistribution problem will be strikingly ameliorated and by the year 2000 will be a very small issue with only pockets of rural and inner city areas still markedly underserved. In regard to physicians welcoming new doctors, I did not mean to imply a monolithic reaction, but I do believe the reception often will depend on perceptions about competition and income reduction. In areas where there is an ostensibly ample supply of physicians, some doctors will still be supportive, but others (as many young physicians will attest) will greet the newcomers as though they were interlopers suffering from pneumonic plague. I think the comment about the
Physical Examination of the Abdomen in Health and Disease. Part First
Authors: C. J. B. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1851)

ALTHOUGH practitioners have long (even before the examination of the chest became a study) been in the habit of proving the condition of the state of the abdominal viscera by means of inspection and palpation, yet it does not appear that any systematic attempt has been made to reduce this mode of investigation to fixed principles, which, by render- ing it more rational and intelligible, would facilitate and extend its application in practice.The signal aid which the diagnosis of thoracic diseases has derived from the light of physical science, is a sufficient encouragement to attempt the elucidation of abdominal diseases in the same rational point of view.If it be objected, that the signs of the state of the abdomen, being derived chiefly from the touch, are rather to be learnt by experience than taught by precept, it may be answered, that although experience is absolutely necessary for proficiency in all matters in which the senses are concerned, yet a proper analysis of the objects of examination will render this experience much more intelligible and instructive.And this applies as much to the sense of touch as to those of vision and hearing.The tactus expertus, a fine delicacy of toueb, capable of very nicely feeling and discriminating between im- pressions, may be more or less acquired by mere experience: but the tactus eruditus, the faculty of properly interpreting these impressions, and their differences, includes an exercise of the understanding, and requires a due consideration of the subject in its relations of cause and effect.In the following papers, I propose to give an outline of the principles of the Physical Examination of the Abdomen, illustrated by facts, which have been supplied by clinical observation.The subject might be ex- tended almost indefinitely in the way of example and further application of the principle; but such prolonged details would be neither con- VOL.11.
What kind of neural coding and self does Hurley's shared circuit model presuppose?
Authors: Georg Northoff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Susan Hurley's impressive article about the shared circuit model (SCM) raises two important issues. First, I suggest that the SCM presupposes relational coding rather than translational coding as neural code. Second, the SCM being the basis for self implies that the self may be characterized as format, relational, and embodied and embedded, rather than by specific and isolated higher-order cognitive contents.
More Than “A Case of Fragile X”
Authors: Colleen L. McGavin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

In one of my first lectures as a medical student, my instructor flashed the image of a young boy’s face on the giant projection screen. The boy’s face was long and his forehead and ears stuck out. According to our genetics professor, this was the face of fragile X syndrome. I looked at that boy and felt alienated. He didn’t look anything like my brother Carter, who has been the face of fragile X syndrome for me. An hour later, my classmates and I went on to review a hypothetical case of a healthy 25-year-old woman and her husband who sought genetic counseling after their 2-year-old son was diagnosed with global developmental delay. When my classmates heard that the mother also had a brother with intellectual disabilities, they immediately suggested fragile X. The instructor confirmed their diagnosis. Case closed. We moved on to drawing pedigrees.
Evidence of widespread binding of HLA class I molecules to peptides.
Authors: J A Frelinger, F M Gotch, H Zweerink, E Wain, A J McMichael
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We have tested the binding of HLA class I proteins to peptides using a solid-phase binding assay. We tested 102 peptides, mostly derived from the HIV gag and HIV pol sequences. Most peptides did not bind to any class I protein tested. The pattern of binding among the three class I proteins tested, HLA-A2, -B27, and -B8, was approximately 85% concordant. Further, all five of the known HIV-1 gag T cell epitopes detected by human CTL bound at least one class I protein. Binding of class I to the peptides could be detected either by directly iodinated class I proteins, or indirectly using monoclonal antibodies specific for class I. The binding to the plates could be blocked with MA2.1, which binds in the alpha 1 region of A2, but not by W6/32, which binds elsewhere. The data presented here show that binding of class I to peptides is specific, but that many peptides bind to more than a single class I protein.
Control of epidermal cell proliferation in vitro
Authors: K. M. HALPRIN, J. R. TAYLOR, MARY COMERFORD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Epidermis from explants of keratome slices of domestic pig skin can be induced to migrate, proliferate, and stratify if at least two serum protein factors and a source of nucleosides are present. The factor which is necessary for cell movement or spreading is destroyed by heating the serum to 100 degrees C and is resistant to 80 degrees C heating. This factor has a molecular weight of 65,000 and is identical to the 'epibolin' found by Stenn. Proliferation is dependent on a serum factor which is destroyed by heating to 80 degrees C. However, cells which are denied this factor can make their own proliferation factor(s). Cell migration and cell proliferation usually occur together but they can be dissociated and are therefore independent phenomena. Increased cell proliferation can be achieved by some retinoids at the proper concentration but steroids, epidermal growth factor, a phorbol ester (TPA), and the use of injured skin as a keratome source failed to show in vitro hyperproliferation. Mitotic inhibition, however, can be induced by a variety of metabolic poisons (methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea), steroids, retinoids at high concentrations, and agents which increase adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP).
Medical planning for a major event: the Pope's visit to Coventry Airport, 30 May 1982.
Authors: J G Avery, J G Chitnis, P J Daly, G T Pollock
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The five-hour day visit by the Pope to Coventry Airport on 30 May 1982 required a major exercise in medical planning. First- and second-line first-aid facilities were provided by the British Red Cross Society and the St John Ambulance Association. Hospital facilities were provided in a 30-bed Territorial Army field hospital. The visit attracted a crowd of 350,000; 1424 casualties were seen at first-aid stations and 152 at the field hospital. Twenty patients required transfer to NHS hospitals for further treatment, and one woman died. Most ailments experienced were headaches and effects of heat, blisters, and abdominal symptoms. The field hospital treated a wide range of conditions including cardiac conditions, fractures, premature labour, and acute abdominal emergencies.
ADDICTION TO GLUTETHIMIDE (DORIDEN)
Authors: GEORGE A. ROGERS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

This report illustrates one case where a potent, new, non-barbiturate sedative (glutethimide) proved to be addicting to a predisposed alcoholic with an underlying schizophrenic illness. It emphasizes, however, the danger of addiction that this drug possesses, which in this patient was greater than alcohol, barbiturates, or any of the tranquilizing medications.