The Association of Nucleated Red Cells in the Peripheral Smear with Hypoxemia
Authors: HARRY P. WARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Article1 December 1967The Association of Nucleated Red Cells in the Peripheral Smear with HypoxemiaHARRY P. WARD, M.D., JANET HOLMAN, M.T. (ASCP)HARRY P. WARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JANET HOLMAN, M.T. (ASCP)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-6-1190 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNucleated red cells in the peripheral smear have been described in diseases of diverse etiology (1-3). In general, the barrier that prevents normoblasts from entering the circulation is violated by four processes: [1] infiltration of the bone marrow, for example, carcinoma, leukemia, myeloma; [2] extramedullary hemopoiesis, for example, polycythemia vera, myeloid metaplasia; [3] splenectomy; and [4] maximal response of the bone marrow, for example, hemorrhage, infection, hemolysis. Recently, we have been impressed with the transient occurrence of nucleated red cells in the blood smear of patients with pulmonary disease and in patients with congestive heart failure. The association of congestive...References1. VAUGHAN JM: Leuco-erythroblastic anemia. J. Path. Bact. 42: 541, 1936. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. WINTROBE MM: Clinical Hematology, 5th ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1961. Google Scholar3. DEGRUCHY GC: Clinical Hematology in Medical Practice, 2nd ed. F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, 1964. Google Scholar4. FRANKHARTMANN EE: Über Akute Entstehung Makrocytär-erythroblastischer Blutbilder ohne Anamie bei Hochgradiger Schwäche der Rechten Herzkammer. Klin. Wschr. 10: 195, 1931. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. GROENGODFRIED JEG: The occurrence of normoblasts in the peripheral blood in congestive heart failure. An indication of unfavorable prognosis. Blood 3: 1445, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. LINDERTCORRELL MCHL: The appearance of normoblasts in the peripheral blood in patients with pulmonary embolism. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 33: 1502, 1948. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. FRUMINMENDELLMINTZNOVACKFAULK AMTHSSPAT: Nucleated red blood cells in congestive heart failure. Circulation 20: 367, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. SCHWARTZSTANSBURY SOF: Significance of nucleated red blood cells in peripheral blood. JAMA 154: 1339, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. FRIEDPLZAKJACOBSONGOLDWASSER WLFLOE: Studies on erythropoiesis. III. Factors controlling erythropoietin production. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 94: 237, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. BRECHERSTOHLMAN GF: Reticulocyte size and erythropoietic stimulation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 107: 887, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar11. LINMAN JW: Factors controlling hemopoiesis: erythropoietic effects of "anemic" plasma. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 59: 249, 1962. MedlineGoogle Scholar12. LANGEPAVLOVIC-KENTERA RDV: Erythropoietin, in Progress in Hematology, vol. IV, edited by MOORE, C. V., BROWN, E. B. Grune & Stratton, Inc., New York, 1964, p. 72. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver, ColoradoFrom the Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital and the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo.This study was supported by the Clinical Investigator Program, Veterans Administration Hospitals, Washington, D. C.Request for reprints should be addressed to Harry P. Ward, M.D., Veterans Administration Hospital, 1055 Clermont St., Denver, Colo. 80220. 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