tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Dysfunction Associated With Oxidative Stress in Failing Hearts After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tomomi Ide, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Shunji Hayashidani, Dongchon Kang, Nobuhiro Suematsu, Kei-ichiro Nakamura, Hideo Utsumi, Naotaka Hamasaki, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Mitochondria are one of the enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and could also be a major target for ROS-mediated damage. We hypothesized that ROS may induce mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, which leads to defects of mtDNA-encoded gene expression and respiratory chain complex enzymes and thus may contribute to the progression of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and failure after myocardial infarction (MI). In a murine model of MI and remodeling created by the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 4 weeks, the LV was dilated and contractility was diminished. Hydroxyl radicals, which originated from the superoxide anion, and lipid peroxide formation in the mitochondria were both increased in the noninfarcted LV from MI mice. The mtDNA copy number relative to the nuclear gene (18S rRNA) preferentially decreased by 44% in MI by a Southern blot analysis, associated with a parallel decrease (30% to 50% of sham) in the mtDNA-encoded gene transcripts, including the subunits of complex I (ND1, 2, 3, 4, 4L, and 5), complex III (cytochrome b ), complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), and rRNA (12S and 16S). Consistent with these molecular changes, the enzymatic activity of complexes I, III, and IV decreased in MI, whereas, in contrast, complex II and citrate synthase, encoded only by nuclear DNA, both remained at normal levels. An intimate link among ROS, mtDNA damage, and defects in the electron transport function, which may lead to an additional generation of ROS, might play an important role in the development and progression of LV remodeling and failure.
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN METALLIC POISONINGS.Read in the Section of Oral and Dental Surgery, at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: G. S. JUNKERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Many metallic poisons which are non-corrosive in character show the limit of their exhibition in the human system by manifestations of some nature in the oral cavity. Some of the corrosive metallic poisons also show this limit in the mouth. This is especially the case with the escharotic corrosive metallic poisons. In both acute and chronic metallic poisonings are found oral manifestations; but this paper wishes to direct the attention to the oral manifestations arising from chronic metallic poisonings. There is a slight suspicion that the prolonged exhibition of arsenic, in proper doses to produce medicinal effects, may result in the death of the pulp of one or more of the teeth in the individual so treated. There is no authenticated case of this nature, but the theory of it, based upon a knowledge of the accumulative nature of arsenic, is a good one. Arsenic in its action has a
Health implications of putting value added tax on fuel
Authors: G C M Watt
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The American senator Hubert Humphrey said, “The moral test of government is how that government treats those who are in the dawn of life, the children; those who are in the twilight of life, the elderly; and those who are in the shadows of life - the sick, the needy, and the handicapped.” By such criteria, putting value added tax (VAT) on fuel is a bad measure.

Almost three quarters of pensioners in Britain pay no income tax, yet virtually all pay VAT on their gas and electricity bills. Only if the government had added VAT to food or water could it have increased the tax burden for an equivalent number of households made up of elderly people.

The tax burden is not evenly distributed.1 Although households with low incomes spend less on fuel than those with high incomes (spending on fuel being mainly related to the size of the place where you live), the proportion that they spend is substantially higher - 13% in the lowest fifth of income compared with 4% in the highest fifth of income. Households made up of single parents with children aged under 5 or single pensioners spend one sixth of their income on fuel. When households in …
Health and Drug Information Library
Authors: James M. Lamiell
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The Health and Drug Information Library (HDIL) provides full text coverage with illustrations of more than 6000 health topics. I evaluated HDIL on a 90 MHz Pentium system with 32 MB RAM, 256 color SVGA monitor, triple speed CD-ROM drive, mouse, and laser printer. HDIL is distributed on an ISO 9660 CD-ROM with about 17 MB of compressed text, 4 MB of TIF images, and 1 MB of database indices. Concise HDIL installation instructions are written on the CD-ROM protective case cover. Windows Program Manager HDIL installation is easy and requires about 30 seconds. HDIL installation creates a hard drive subdirectory whose name and location can be customized and an HDIL program group containing HDIL and Read Me icons.  Double clicking on the HDIL icon starts a program that displays the Disclaimer within 10 seconds. Double clicking on the Disclaimer start button activates the HDIL Cover Window within 5 seconds,
rENaC is the predominant Na+ channel in the apical membrane of the rat renal inner medullary collecting duct.
Authors: K A Volk, R D Sigmund, P M Snyder, F J McDonald, M J Welsh, J B Stokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The terminal nephron segment, the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), absorbs Na+ by an electrogenic process that involves the entry through an apical (luminal) membrane Na+ channel. To understand the nature of this Na+ channel, we employed the patch clamp technique on the apical membrane of primary cultures of rat IMCD cells grown on permeable supports. We found that all ion channels detected in the cell-attached configuration were highly selective for Na+ (Li+) over K+. The open/closed transitions showed slow kinetics, had a slope conductance of 6-11 pS, and were sensitive to amiloride and benzamil. Nonselective cation channels with a higher conductance (25-30 pS), known to be present in IMCD cells, were not detected in the cell-attached configuration, but were readily detected in excised patches. The highly selective channels had properties similar to the recently described rat epithelial Na+ channel complex, rENaC. We therefore asked whether rENaC mRNA was present in the IMCD. We detected mRNA for all three rENaC subunits in rat renal papilla and also in primary cultures of the IMCD. Either glucocorticoid hormone or mineralocorticoid hormone increased the amount of alpha-rENaC subunit mRNA but had no effect on the mRNA level of the beta-rENaC or gamma-rENaC subunits. From these data, taken in the context of other studies on the characteristics of Na+ selective channels and the distribution of rENaC mRNA, we conclude that steroid stimulated Na+ absorption by the IMCD is mediated primarily by Na+ channels having properties of the rENaC subunit complex.
Rheumatic Fever in Adults
Authors: DOUGLAS J. MUND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1979Rheumatic Fever in AdultsDOUGLAS J. MUND, M.D.DOUGLAS J. MUND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-435_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I have read with great interest the article in the December 1978 issue on acute rheumatic fever in adults (1) and wish to add two cases to those presented.In the last 5 months I have seen two cases of acute rheumatic fever in adults with presentations and courses similar to those presented in the above paper. In each patient, a 25-year-old Yemenite man and a 22-year-old Jamaican woman, the initial presentation was one of high fever to 39.4°C accompanied by a rapidly additive migratory and symmetric polyarthritis mainly involving the lower extremities.The ankles and knees...Reference1. MCDANALD E and WEISMAN M: Articular manifestations of rheumatic fever in adults. Ann Intern Med 89:917-920, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DOUGLAS J. MUND, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRheumatic Fever in AdultsFRANCISCO G. AGUILAR-TORRES, M.D., LEON J. JACKSON, M.D. 1 March 1979Volume 90, Issue 3 Page: 435-435 Keywords Ankles Arthritis Fevers Knees Rheumatic fever ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Antigastric Antibodies in Hyperthyroidism: Their Relationship to Impaired Acid Secretion
Authors: M. J. Williams, G. B. Scott, J. S. Beck, D. W. Blair
Journal: BMJ (1966)

It was recently shown by means of the augmented histamine test that there was an increased incidence of achlorhydria in patients with hyperthyroidism, and that the mean acid output was considerably less than in normal subjects (Williams and Blair, 1964).No correlation was found between the level of acid secretion and the severity or duration of the hyper- thyroidism, and the acid output did not increase after success- ful control of thyroid function.Gastric biopsies, however, suggested that the reduction in acid secretion was related to the presence of some degree of gastritis.Round-cell infiltration and lymph-follicle formation were also often noted in the gastric mucosa, and because of these appearances, and the recent demonstration of an increased incidence of antigastric antibody in patients with hyperthyroidism (Doniach et al., 1963; Irvine, 1963a), it was suggested that the changes in gastric secretion in these patients may have an immunological basis.Tests for' antigastric antibody have now been performed on a group of patients with hyperthyroidism by means of the immuno- fluorescent technique, which demonstrates the reaction of this antibody with a particulate component of parietal-cell cyto- plasm and is the most sensitive method at present available for its detection (Irvine, 1963b).The results have been correlated with the changes in gastric secretion and other clinical findings.
Chrysotile biopersistence in the lungs of persons in the general population and exposed workers.
Authors: A M Langer, R P Nolan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Lung burden analysis was performed on 126 autopsy cases of persons who died in New York City from 1966 through 1968. Of the 126 cases, 107 were probably non-occupationally exposed, judging by occupational history and asbestos body content of lung. Fifty-three of the 107 cases contained short chrysotile fibers/fibrils, < 5 microns in length, present in 3-fold greater amounts than were found in laboratory background controls. The fiber concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 15.7 x 10(6) f/gm/dry lung tissue, and the proportion of fibers > or = 5 microns in length was only 0.34% of the total chrysotile population found. Other inorganic particles present included fragments of amphiboles. In contrast to these data, the lung parenchyma of persons occupationally exposed to asbestos commonly showed the presence of other fiber types, especially amosite and crocidolite, at very much higher concentrations and greater fiber length. Any chrysotile present would usually be in fiber bundle form, with both fibers and fibrils > 5 microns in length. Comparison of the lung fiber content of occupationally exposed persons with that of the general population showed marked qualitative and quantitative differences. Fibers are durable, and are retained in a range of concentrations. Their length and dose, among other factors, which control their biological potential are different in the two populations; the risk factors for chrysotile-induced disease are not the same.
Low molecular weight protamine-functionalized nanoparticles for drug delivery to the brain after intranasal administration
Authors: Huimin Xia, Xiaoling Gao, Guangzhi Gu, Zhongyang Liu, Ni Zeng, Quanyin Hu, Qingxiang Song, Lei Yao, Zhiqing Pang, Xinguo Jiang, Jun Chen, Hongzhuan Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
905-58 Multivessel Disease by Dobutamine Echocardiography is as Predictive as Angiographic Multivessel Disease for Adverse Outcome After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Steven C. Smart, Thomas Knickelbine, John C. Wynsen, Michael E. Carlos, Kiran B. Sagar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Sex and Alcohol: A Second Peek
Authors: David H. Van Thiel, Roger Lester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The effects of alcohol on male sexual function is discussed. Various phenomena affecting sexual function in males have been reported: 1) increased conversion of androgens to estrogens in the liver, 2) interconversion of weak and potent estrogens, 3) increased rate of conversion of adrenocortical steroid precursor to estrogenic substances, 4) decreased plasma levels of luteinizing hormone(LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and 5) diminished uptake of androstenedione by the liver and increased peripheral conversion to estrone. It is proposed that the pathogenesis of feminization in alcoholic males may be due partly to the derivative effects of liver damage and to a direct action of alcohol on the testes. Rats fed alcohol have shown atrophy of the gonads and accessory organs, and impaired spermtogenesis. In normal men ingesting alcohol for short periods of time, the frequency and intensity of bursts of testosterone secretion by the testes is dampened, and testosterone concentrations and production rates are increased while the metabolic clearance of testosterone is diminished. Deranged hypothalamic-pituitary function has also been observed. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which alcohol influences sexual function.
1159-185 Smoking-related endothelial dysfunction and increased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules are reversible by antioxidant treatment
Authors: Charalambos Antoniadis, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Marina Toutouza, Costas Tentolouris, Carmen Vasiliadou, Kyriakoula Marinou, Costas Tsioufis, Emmanuel Vavuranakis, Christos Pitsavos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Spasmodic torticollis. Results in 71 surgically treated patients
Authors: B. F. Sorensen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Seventy-one patients, 43 men and 28 women, with spasmodic torticollis were treated surgically over an 18-year period. The average age at onset of symptoms was 43.2 years. No evidence was found to suggest a psychological origin of spasmodic torticollis. The etiology is organically based although the exact mechanism is not known. Conservative therapy benefited only five of the 66 patients preoperatively. The final objective results for the 70 surviving patients were as follows: no improvement in 4, minimal improvement in 7, moderate improvement in 22, and excellent improvement in 37. Anterior cervical rhizotomy and subarachnoid spinal accessory neurectomy should be the initial operation for spasmodic torticollis and if further surgical therapy is required, peripheral spinal accessory neurectomy is indicated. The findings in our series indicate that operation should be the primary treatment for spasmodic torticollis.
Clinical utility of hepatitis B surface antigen quantitation in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A review
Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

This clinically relevant review focuses on recent findings concerning hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) quantitation in untreated patients and treated patients with chronic hepatitis B. Recent studies and emerging data have shown that both HBsAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels decline during the natural course of a chronic HBV infection; they are lowest in the inactive phase, which is also characterized by the highest HBsAg/HBV DNA ratio. It has been demonstrated that the combined use of HBsAg and HBV DNA levels might help in the identification of true inactive carriers with high accuracy. Retrospective analyses of HBsAg levels in patients undergoing therapy have suggested a role for HBsAg quantitation in monitoring the response to therapy. In comparison with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs), interferon-based therapy results in greater overall declines in serum HBsAg levels. A rapid on-treatment decline in HBsAg levels appears to be predictive of a sustained response. With the aid of HBsAg quantitation, it appears that we can anticipate an individualized approach to tailoring the treatment duration. The proposal of early stopping rules for patients not responding to pegylated interferon (according to a lack of any HBsAg decline) represents a step toward a response-guided approach. The development of stopping rules for patients treated with NAs is desirable for reducing the need for lifelong therapy. However, before stopping rules for antiviral therapy can be applied, we need to learn more about the kinetics of HBsAg declines during the natural history of the infection and as a response to therapy so that we can better define the best timing, the relevant HBsAg cutoff levels, and the best ways to apply these rules in clinical practice.
Sperm-Associated Antigen 9 Is Associated With Tumor Growth, Migration, and Invasion in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Manoj Garg, Deepika Kanojia, Aashima Khosla, Namrata Dudha, Satish Sati, Dipak Chaurasiya, Nirmala Jagadish, Amlesh Seth, Rajive Kumar, Samir Gupta, Anju Gupta, Nirmal Kumar Lohiya, Anil Suri
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents one of the most resistant tumors to radiation and chemotherapy. Current therapies for RCC patients are inefficient due to the lack of diagnostic and therapeutic markers. Our recent studies have suggested an association of sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) with ovarian carcinomas. In the present study, we investigated the clinical relevance of SPAG9 in RCC patients. RT-PCR analysis showed expression of SPAG9 transcript in RCC tissues and RCC cell lines. In situ RNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed the expression of SPAG9 in 88% of cancer patients, suggesting that SPAG9 participates in renal cancer. In addition, immunoblotting and ELISA analyses revealed a humoral immune response against SPAG9 in the sera of RCC patients but not in healthy individuals. Consistent with the clinical findings, knockdown of SPAG9 expression in RCC cells with specific siRNA significantly reduced cell growth and colony formation. Using in vitro wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays, we found that cell migration and invasive ability were also significantly inhibited. Furthermore, in vivo xenograft studies in nude mice revealed that administration of a SPAG9 siRNA plasmid significantly inhibited tumor growth. In conclusion, SPAG9 expression is associated with clinicopathologic features of tumors, suggesting that SPAG9 could contribute to the early spread of cancer. These results indicate that SPAG9 may have a role in tumor development and metastasis and thus could serve as a novel target for early detection and treatment of RCC. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8240–8]
THE CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID IN INTRACRANIAL INFLAMMATION
Authors: J. G. Greenfield
Journal: BMJ (1929)

AyTg^JIU A 84L NOV-9, 19291 -~ũnpleasant symptoms, such as two or thr ee miniills, one or more minims are injected everv fifteen, thirty, or sixty seconds, according to the patient's reactioni, thie rate being varie(l uintil it is founid how frequently thle inje(tion can be
HYPERDYNAMIC LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE EVENTS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY
Authors: Jonathan Afilalo, Lawrence G. Rudski, Igal A. Sebag, Mark J. Eisenberg, Karen P. Alexander, Jean-Francois Morin, Yves Langlois, Nicolas Noiseux, Louis P. Perrault, Johanne Monette, Howard Bergman, Michael H. Picard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Final Epidemic-Reply
Authors: Carl J. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> <i>The Final Epidemic: Physicians and Scientists on Nuclear War</i>appraises the nuclear age from a medical viewpoint and sees a doomsday machine at work powered by competing political, military, and economic forces and an unsuspecting public scarcely aware of the massive destruction that may soon be unleashed on the world.<sup>1</sup>Ambassador Kennan begins the text comparing the public to "victims of some sort of hypnotism, like men in a dream, like lemmings heading to the sea, like the children of Hamlin marching blithely along behind their Pied Piper." This book is a basic reference for understanding the technical details of how we may all die in the next world war, truly a "war to end all wars." There is little information for those who fail to grasp the simple physics and biology of nuclear war and who hope for survival. Lindop and Rotblat offer information on fallout
TCT-246 Feasibility and mid-term outcome of everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in diabetics
Authors: Jens Wiebe, Oliver Doerr, Christoph Liebetrau, Timm Bauer, Dursun Gündüz, Eva M. Wilkens, Helge Moellmann, Christian Hamm, Holger Nef
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
"I've just been bitten by a dog"
Authors: F. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Mammalian bites have a sinister reputation for causing tissue damage and infection. Although human bites have the greatest potential for local injury–because of the varied and virulent flora of pathogenic organisms in the mouth and the propensity for association with a crush injury–dog bites are numerically the most common.1 They account for 1-2 million injuries in America each year2 and about 200 000 cases in Britain.3 In addition, many victims regard their injury as too insignificant to seek medical help initially. A small number may then go on to develop overwhelming systemic infection, as reported in this week's BMJ by Mellor et al (p 129).4 This suggests that dog bites can only be regarded as trivial in retrospect. What then should be the advice to patients, general practitioners, minor injuries units, and accident and emergency departments in terms of safe guidelines for management?

The treatment of dog bites is twofold: proper surgical toilet and appropriate antibiotic treatment where indicated. Wound toilet remains the mainstay of treatment of all bite injuries, whether this means adequate cleaning of a superficial wound by the patient at home or the full exploration, debridement, and irrigation of a more extensive injury under local, regional, or general anaesthesia. The …
Dutch will have to pay for drugs they need as a result of unhealthy living
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Doctors and health insurance bodies in the Netherlands are worried that the new Dutch government plans to include cholesterol lowering statins and antacid drugs in a list of so called “lifestyle medicines” to be removed from basic health insurance cover.

The programme of the new, centre-right government aims to “halt the steep growth” in the pharmaceutical budget through “considering critically” which medicines are reimbursed.

It has decided that it should not reimburse patients for drugs that they need as a result of pursuing an unhealthy lifestyle— for example, in terms of diet and smoking. …