tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Autoimmune Myocarditis Through the Induction of Antigen-Specific Peripheral Immune Tolerance
Authors: Lisa M. Godsel, Kegiang Wang, Beth A. Schodin, Juan S. Leon, Stephen D. Miller, David M. Engman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Autoimmunity to cardiac antigens, in particular cardiac myosin, has been observed in humans with myocarditis and in animals with experimental inflammatory heart disease. Current treatments for myocarditis are in many cases immunosuppressive and might lead to increased cardiac damage by reducing host defenses against infectious agents. Therefore, we sought to develop an antigen-specific approach to inhibit autoimmunity in mice with myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Methods and Results —Syngeneic splenocytes, coupled with cardiac myosin by use of ethylene carbodiimide, were administered intravenously before disease induction, and the effects of this peripheral tolerization on myosin-induced myocarditis were assessed. This antigen-specific immunotherapy significantly reduced both the incidence and severity of myocarditis, with the prevention of myocyte necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Myosin-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody production were significantly reduced, demonstrating that peripheral tolerance affected both T- and B-cell responsiveness to the autoantigen. Conclusions —These results suggest that the induction of antigen-specific peripheral immune tolerance may be an effective approach for the treatment of myocarditides with autoimmune involvement.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Low-Dose Oral Pulse Methotrexate Therapy
Authors: MARSHALL M. KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Two patients with sclerosing cholangitis responded to low-dose methotrexate treatment. A 40-year-old man who had previously undergone total colectomy for ulcerative colitis presented with refractory erythroderma and sclerosing cholangitis. Both disorders were alleviated and have remained in remission on methotrexate, 5 mg every 12 hours three times each week (15 mg/wk). Liver function improved, bile duct scarring did not worsen, and repeat liver biopsy samples have shown striking improvement. A 60-year-old man with long-standing ulcerative colitis and repeated exacerbations of sclerosing cholangitis had a similar response to low-dose methotrexate, 2.5 mg every 12 hours three times each week (7.5 mg/wk), during a 6-year period. Recurrent episodes of cholangitis have disappeared, liver function has become normal, bile duct scarring has not worsened, and liver histologic findings have become normal. Because of the potential hepatotoxicity of methotrexate, we suggest that a prospective, randomized trial be done.
Interleukin-10 modulates type I collagen and matrix metalloprotease gene expression in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
Authors: S Reitamo, A Remitz, K Tamai, J Uitto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

IL-10, originally isolated from mouse helper T cells, is a cytokine with regulatory functions on a number of interleukins. In this study we show that recombinant human IL-10 affects the expression of several genes involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling in human dermal fibroblast cultures. As judged by Northern blot analyses, type I collagen gene expression was downregulated, while collagenase and stromelysin gene expression were markedly enhanced by IL-10. No effect on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases mRNA levels was noted. Transient transfections of skin fibroblasts with type I collagen promoter/chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene constructs showed downregulation by IL-10, suggesting inhibition at the transcriptional level. When compared with control cultures, incubation with IL-10 resulted in a decrease in immunostaining of fibroblast cultures with antibodies to human type I collagen. In contrast, immunostaining of such IL-10-treated cultures with antibodies to human collagenase resulted in an increase in immunostaining. This study suggests a role for IL-10 in the breakdown and remodeling of the extracellular matrix.
Presence of glycosaminoglycans in purified AA type amyloid fibrils associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J H Magnus, G Husby, S O Kolset
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Previous studies have strongly suggested an association between glycosaminoglycans and tissue deposits of amyloid. The present study was aimed at studying this association in purified preparations of hepatic amyloid fibrils obtained from human AA type secondary amyloidosis. Glycosaminoglycans were isolated by gradient ion exchange chromatography of purified amyloid fibrils treated with pronase. Degradation with specific enzymes identified the glycosaminoglycans as chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate, and heparin/heparan sulphate. The total amount of glycosaminoglycans specifically coisolated with the amyloid fibrils was 15 micrograms/mg fibril weight. The presence of glycosaminoglycans in amyloid may play a part in the incorporation of structurally diverse protein precursors into amyloid fibrils of identical ultrastructure.
Higher Magnesium Intake Reduces Risk of Impaired Glucose and Insulin Metabolism and Progression From Prediabetes to Diabetes in Middle-Aged Americans
Authors: Adela Hruby, James B. Meigs, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Paul F. Jacques, Nicola M. McKeown
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To assess 7-year associations between magnesium intake and incident prediabetes and/or insulin resistance (IR), and progression from these states to type 2 diabetes.In 2,582 community-dwelling participants 26-81 years old at baseline, magnesium intake and risk of incident "metabolic impairment," defined as impaired fasting glucose (FG) (≥5.6 to <7.0 mmol/L), impaired glucose tolerance (2-h postload glucose ≥7.8 to <11.1 mmol/L), IR, or hyperinsulinemia (≥90th percentile of homeostasis model assessment of IR or fasting insulin, respectively), was estimated among those with normal baseline status, and risk of incident diabetes was estimated among those with baseline metabolic impairment. In participants without incident diabetes, we examined magnesium intake in relation to 7-year changes in fasting and postload glucose and insulin, IR, and insulin sensitivity.After adjusting for age, sex, and energy intake, compared with those with the lowest magnesium intake, those with the highest intake had 37% lower risk of incident metabolic impairment (P trend = 0.02), and in those with baseline metabolic impairment, higher intake was associated with 32% lower risk of incident diabetes (P trend = 0.05). In the combined population, the risk in those with the highest intake was 53% (P trend = 0.0004) of those with the lowest intake. Adjusting for risk factors and dietary fiber attenuated associations in the baseline normal population but did not substantially affect associations in the metabolically impaired. Higher magnesium intake tended to associate with lower follow-up FG and IR, but not fasting insulin, postload values, or insulin sensitivity.Magnesium intake may be particularly beneficial in offsetting risk of developing diabetes among those at high risk. Magnesium's long-term associations with non-steady-state (dynamic) measures deserve further research.
Paternal preconceptional radiation exposure in the nuclear industry and leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in young people in Scotland.
Authors: L J Kinlen, K Clarke, A Balkwill
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine if a relation exists between paternal exposure to relatively high levels of radiation in the Scottish nuclear industry and the risk of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma is subsequently conceived children. DESIGN--Matched case-control study with three controls for each case. SETTING--The whole of Scotland. SUBJECTS--The fathers of 1024 children with leukaemia and 237 children with non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma diagnosed in Scotland below the age of 25 among those born in Scotland since nuclear operations began (in 1958) and the fathers of 3783 randomly chosen controls. The fathers of 80 children with leukaemia and 16 with non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma in north Cumbria were also covered since some workers at one Scottish nuclear site live over the border in that area. Details of all fathers were then matched against records of the nuclear industry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Paternal preconceptional radiation exposures, particularly relatively high levels, both lifetime and in the six and three months before conception. RESULTS--No significant excess was observed in any subgroup and there was no significant trend: fathers of three controls but no cases were exposed to lifetime preconceptional levels of 100 mSv or greater (Fisher9s exact p value 0.84). In the six months before conception, fathers of two cases and three controls received 10 mSv or more, odds ratio 2.3 (95% confidence interval 0.31 to 17.24). In the three months before conception the fathers of one case and two controls received 5 mSv or more, odds ratio 1.7 (0.10 to 30.76). The results for leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma combined were similar. CONCLUSIONS--No significant excess of leukaemia or of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma was found at any radiation level in any preconceptional period.
Endobronchial Biopsy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Stable Lung Transplant Recipients and Chronic Rejection
Authors: CHRIS WARD, GREGORY I. SNELL, LING ZHENG, BERNADETTE ORSIDA, HELEN WHITFORD, TREVOR J. WILLIAMS, E. HAYDN WALTERS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We have obtained endobronchial biopsies (EBB), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transbronchial biopsies (TBB) in 17 stable lung transplant recipients (sLTR), 8 subjects with physiologic evidence of chronic rejection (BOS), and 9 normal subjects. A striking finding was the marked neutrophilia in BAL samples from patients with BOS, in the carefully screened absence of infection. A statistically higher neutrophil count was also present in the sLTR group relative to the normal group. Median BAL neutrophil count in BOS was 100 × 103/ml, range 13–1,661 103/ml (p < 0.001 relative to normal subjects and sLTR). Median BAL neutrophil count in sLTR was 7 × 103/ml, range 1–81 103/ml (p < 0.01 relative to normal subjects). Normal subjects had a median BAL neutrophil count of 3 × 103/ml, range 1–7 103/ml. There was evidence of a predominance of CD8 lymphocytes in BAL from sLTR and BOS with a lower CD4/CD8 ratio in both compared to normal subjects (p < 0.05). EBB mononuclear cell counts, class II major histocompatibility complex expression, and T-cell activation markers were normal in BOS, in contrast to the sLTR group. Our data may be consistent with BOS, representing a relative resolution of an active mononuclear cell chronic inflammation, perhaps at the expense of airway fibrosis. The relevance of the BAL neutrophilia and its role in BOS pathogenesis need further longitudinal investigation.
Regression of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease: diverse effects of various antihypertensive drugs
Authors: C Brilla
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: In left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) due to systemic hypertension, myocardial fibrosis is an important determinant of pathologic hypertrophy. Therefore, it is most relevant to utilize an antihypertensive regimen that permits a regression in myocardial fibrosis along with blood pressure normalization and regression of LVH. Methods: To address this issue we examined 60 Sprague—Dawley rats. We treated 16-week-old rats having established LVH and myocardial fibrosis due to 8-week renovascular hypertension (RHT) with either 6 mg/kg/day zofenopril (ZOF), 30 mg/kg/day nifedipine (NIF) or 40 mg/kg/day labetalol (LAB) for 12 weeks. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP, mmHg), left ventricular/body weight ratio (LV/BW, mg/g), and left and right ventricular collagen volume fractions (LVCVF, RVCVF, %) were obtained and compared with age/sex matched untreated rats with RHT and sham-operated controls. Results: In RHT, SAP was significantly elevated compared with controls (188±11 vs. 125±5 mmHg; P<0.001) while in each treated group SAP was normalized. LV/BW was significantly increased in RHT (2.61±0.12 mg/g; P<0.00001) while in each treated group LVH was completely regressed (P<0.002 vs. untreated RHT) with LV/BW values comparable to controls (1.82±0.03 mg/g) irrespective of the utilized antihypertensive agent. In untreated RHT, myocardial fibrosis was present in the left (LVCVF: 12.3±1.9%; P<0.0005 vs. 4.5±0.2% of controls) and right ventricles (RVCVF: 20.6±2.5%; P<0.00005 vs. 8.8±0.4% of controls). In rats treated with ZOF or NIF, LVCVF was significantly reduced to 5.6±0.4 and 5.4±0.6%, respectively (P<0.005 vs. untreated RHT), and RVCVF was decreased as well (ZOF: 11.0±0.9%; NIF: 10.4±2.4%; P<0.007 vs. untreated RHT) where no significant difference to controls remained. In contrast, treatment with LAB did not affect myocardial fibrosis where LVCVF was 9.3±1.3% and RVCVF was 19.8±2.8%, i.e., remained significantly elevated compared with controls (P<0.007). Conclusions: In rats with renovascular hypertension and hypertensive heart disease that included LVH and fibrosis, equipotent doses of ZOF, NIF, and LAB normalized arterial pressure associated with regression of LVH while only ZOF and NIF were found to regress myocardial fibrosis.
Assessment of elite-level volleyball players' performance and fitness based on biometric data
Authors: D Miyamoto, S Arima, T Ogiuchi, M Netsu, S Kanari, K Yakama, I Hamano
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Improvement sought in the performance of a professional volleyball team, eighth in Japanese Premiere Volleyball League 2009-Season, based on collection and analysis of biometric data. Objective Physical performance and biometric data were collected from one team of the Japanese Premiere Volleyball League (CT) and the Japanese National Team (NT). The aim is to compare the fitness of CT to NT and analyze differences in athletes of high and low performance. Design Measure values in 10 physical performance tests and body-composition. Setting The study was conducted in the regular training facility of CT team. Photo-detector and yardstick were used for measurements. Participants 18 healthy male players on the active roster of CT team were examined. The control consisted of 21 members of NT. Intervention Measurements for CT were taken during the 2010 off-season, with NT taken during the same period 2009. The 10 performance tests are: 20 m dash, pro agility, T test, vertical jump, medicine-ball throw, standing triple jump, standing triple long jump, block jump, sit-up, and endurance test. Body-composition parameters are age, height, weight, body mass index, standing reach, vertical jump, and running vertical jump. Main outcome measurements We hypothesized NT would show higher numbers than CT in both power and speed tests. Significant difference was found only in the medicine-ball throw, while other tests did not reveal significant differences. Results NT had higher numbers in height, weight, and standing reach, recorded higher numbers in medicine-ball throw. CT produced higher numbers in vertical jump. Conclusions Since NT displayed higher numbers in medicine-ball throw CT will be required to improve power in order to achieve similar performance. Results also show that NT has slightly higher values in pro agility. This suggests that CT, with their lower body composition figures, also needs to improve agility to perform at the same level as NT.
Structure and liver cell expression pattern of the HFE gene in the rat
Authors: Petra Holmström, Vijole Dzikaite, Rolf Hultcrantz, Öjar Melefors, Kristina Eckes, Per Stål, Nils Kinnman, Bård Smedsrød, Mats Gåfvels, Gösta Eggertsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Psychiatric Consultation Masking Moral Dilemmas in Medicine
Authors: Mark Perl, Earl E. Shelp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Psychiatric consultations are a legitimate and necessary clinical activity in any general medical hospital or clinic. At times, however, psychiatrists are consulted when their fellow physicians face moral dilemmas related to patient care. In this article, we attempt to show that such moral issues may be masked as requests for help for a "depressed patient" or a "management problem."The practice of medicine abounds with value-laden decisions. Although this has generally been recognized, it has recently received increased attention in the press and the medical literature. Discussion has focused on the care of the dying, transplantation, abortion, genetic manipulation, behavior . . .
Myoendothelial Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood–Derived Stem Cells in Ischemic Limb Tissues
Authors: Maurizio Pesce, Alessia Orlandi, Maria Grazia Iachininoto, Stefania Straino, Anna Rita Torella, Vania Rizzuti, Giulio Pompilio, Giuseppina Bonanno, Giovanni Scambia, Maurizio C. Capogrossi
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) contains high numbers of endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) characterized by coexpression of CD34 and CD133 markers. Prior studies have shown that CD34 + /CD133 + EPCs from the cord or peripheral blood (PB) can give rise to endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis in ischemic tissues. In the present study, it is shown that freshly isolated human cord blood CD34 + cells injected into ischemic adductor muscles gave rise to endothelial and, unexpectedly, to skeletal muscle cells in mice. In fact, the treated limbs exhibited enhanced arteriole length density and regenerating muscle fiber density. Under similar experimental conditions, CD34 − cells did not enhance the formation of new arterioles and regenerating muscle fibers. In nonischemic limbs CD34 + cells increased arteriole length density but did not promote formation of new muscle fibers. Endothelial and myogenic differentiation ability was maintained in CD34 + cells after ex vivo expansion. Myogenic conversion of human cord blood CD34 + cells was also observed in vitro by coculture onto mouse myoblasts. These results show that human cord blood CD34 + cells differentiate into endothelial and skeletal muscle cells, thus providing an indication of human EPCs plasticity. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
821 INTERFERON (IFN)-FREE ALISPORIVIR (ALV) HAS A BETTER OVERALL SAFETY PROFILE COMPARED TO IFN-CONTAINING TREATMENT: A POOLED ANALYSIS OF THE ALV DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Authors: L. Griffel, W. Bao, R. Orsenigo, V. Guo, M. Wu, J. Loeffler, C. Brass, C. Avila, N.V. Naoumov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Phenytoin and Ranitidine Interaction
Authors: C. S. Ted Tse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 May 1994Phenytoin and Ranitidine InteractionC. S. Ted Tse, PharmD and Peter Iagmin, MDC. S. Ted Tse, PharmDSt. James Hospital and Health Centers; Chicago Heights, IL 60411Search for more papers by this author and Peter Iagmin, MDSt. James Hospital and Health Centers; Chicago Heights, IL 60411Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-10-199405150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We report a rare case of elevated phenytoin plasma concentration associated with the concurrent use of ranitidine that persisted for several days after therapy with phenytoin was discontinued but that declined rapidly after ranitidine was withdrawn.A 77-year-old African-American man with a 1-year history of severe stroke and residual right hemiparesis had entered our hospice for a new-onset seizure 4 weeks before this hospitalization. He was treated with phenytoin, 100 mg orally three times daily, and was discharged 1 week later with oral phenytoin suspension, 300 mg three times daily. Ranitidine, 150 mg orally twice daily, was ...References1. Skinner MH, Lenert L, Blaschke TF. Theophylline toxicity subsequent to ranitidine administration: a possible drug–drug interaction. Am J Med. 1989; 86:129-32. Google Scholar2. Bramhall D, Levine M. Possible interaction of ranitidine with phenytoin. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1988; 22:979-80. Google Scholar3. Gardner ME, Sikorski GW. Ranitidine and theophylline (Letter). Ann Intern Med. 1985; 102:559. Google Scholar4. Tse CS, Akinwande KI, Biallowons K. Phenytoin concentration elevation subsequent to ranitidine administration. Ann Pharmacother. 1993; 27:1448-51. Google Scholar5. Hoensch HP, Hutzel H, Kirch W, Ohnhaus EE. Isolation of human hepatic microsomes and their inhibition by cimetidine and ranitidine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1985; 29:199-206. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: C. S. Ted Tse, PharmD; Peter Iagmin, MDAffiliations: St. James Hospital and Health Centers; Chicago Heights, IL 60411 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPotential drug-drug interactions in ICU patients: a retrospective studyPotential Drug Interactions and Duplicate Prescriptions Among Cancer Patients 15 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 10Page: 892-893KeywordsAttentionBlood plasmaCreatinineDrug metabolismDrugsEpileptic seizuresHospitalizationsSerum albuminStrokeSuppository ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Calcium supplementation of the diet.
Authors: P. I. Selby, C. J. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

increase has been only 1 6'%o.Let this be compared with the previous five vears (under Wilson/ Callaghan), when the average annual growth was 3-6%.With 1-6% growth £100 of expenditure in 1979 would have increased to £115.36 in 1988.With 3 6% annual growth its value would have increased to £137.48.This represents a shortfall in revenue for 1988 of 19-15%.I am sure that many of the problems of the district health authorities would be solved if their present income was increased by that amount.Even worse, however, is the accumulated loss of funding over the period.With the same £100 base the total loss in income over those nine years is £103.40,equivalent to a loss of 89-6% of the 1988 annual budget.This will inevitably become rapidly
Medical Records Privacy a Patient Rights Issue
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

A PATIENT has a right to keep personal medical information confidential. The right is paramount and nonnegotiable, says a Boston psychiatrist. Furthermore, ensuring the privacy of health records in employee health plans makes good business sense. Ethically and financially, the bottom lines are similar. Denise M. Nagel, MD, president of the National Coalition for Patient Rights, based in Lexington, Mass, and an instructor in psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, gave this advice to human resources managers and others at the 15th National Conference of the Employers' Managed Health Care Association, held in Washington, DC. The group's membership includes some of the nation's largest corporations, such as Xerox, General Motors, and Allied Signal. The members have considerable clout when it comes to negotiating health care plans for their employees. <h3>Privacy Protection Not an Option</h3> "Guarantees that health information is protected are no longer a value-added option," Nagel stated, adding,