tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subdural Hematoma Associated With Long-Term Hemodialysis For Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: Andrew Talalla
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Three patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis developed subdural blood clots. The clinical manifestations of these hematomas were, in some cases, not unlike other neurological states seen in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Several factors predisposed to the formation of hematomas are present in such patients so that only an awareness of the possibility of a coexisting subdural hematoma can lead to their early detection and treatment.
Effects of processing and cooking on PBB residues.
Authors: M E Zabik, T M Johnson, S Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

To study the effect of processing on polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) levels, milk from four dairy herds containing less than 0.3 ppm (fat basis) of physiologically incorporated PBBs was presented individually into cream, skim milk, butter, and stirred curd cheese. Pasteurized and freeze-dried whole milk, skim milk, and cream, spray-dried whole milk and skim milk, and condensed whole milk were also made. PBBs were concentrated in the high-fat products. Spray-drying reduced PBBs in whole milk and skim milk while pasteurization, freeze-drying, aging of cheese, and condensation were not effective. To study the effect of cooking on PBB levels, thigh meat, thigh skin, drumstick and breast (with skin) from half of chickens fed PBBs were analyzed raw, and pieces from the other halves were analysed following separate pressure cooking. The level of PBBs expressed as parts per million on a solids basis was lower in the cooked sample than in the corresponding raw piece and part of the PBBs lost were found in the drip. Recoveries of PBBs in cooked tissue and broth ranged from 68.1% in the thigh skin to 84.6% in the drumstick, with approximately two-thirds of the recovered PBBs found in the cooked meat itself. Therefore, pressure cooking resulted in a loss ranging from 36% for the drumstick to 53% for the thigh skin.
Evaluation of the efficacy and acceptability to patients of a physiotherapist working in a health centre.
Authors: G I Hackett, M F Hudson, J B Wylie, A D Jackson, K M Small, P Harrison, J O'Brien, P Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The records of the first 805 patients who had been referred by general practitioners at this health centre to the attached physiotherapist were examined in November 1985, three years after the physiotherapy department was opened. Seventy per cent (549) of the patients had been treated within one week, treatment having started on the same day for 8.5% (67) of the patients. This compares with a mean of six weeks for direct access to a district general hospital that is eight miles away and between six and 13 months for the three nearest orthopaedic consultants who are 13 miles away. The most common conditions treated were knee injuries (16.5%), followed by cervical (15.5%) and shoulder (13.8%) injuries. Surprisingly, only 9% were back injuries. The non-attendance rate was 2.2% and only 7% of patients failed to complete treatment. Nearly all the patients were able to attend the clinic, only 4% requiring home treatment. By March 1986, 90 treatments a week were being carried out at a cost of 6.11 pounds per patient. Compared with official hospital figures, this represents a savings of 21,500 pounds a year for a practice of 12,000 patients.
Opportunities and Challenges for Diabetes Prevention at Two Community Health Centers
Authors: Milagros C. Rosal, Evan M. Benjamin, Penelope S. Pekow, Stephenie C. Lemon, Dorothea von Goeler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Translating evidence-based diabetes prevention interventions to disadvantaged groups is a public health priority that poses unique challenges. Community health centers (CHCs) provide unequaled opportunities to prevent diabetes among poor and minority high-risk groups. This formative study sought to assess structural, processes-of-care (health care quality domains), and patient factors that need to be considered for diabetes prevention at CHCs.A multimethod approach was implemented to assess system-, provider-, and patient-level factors at two large CHCs serving diverse urban communities.Medical chart audits (n = 303) showed limited documentation of risks. Provider surveys (n = 74) evidenced knowledge gaps regarding factors associated with increased diabetes risk, efficacy of pharmacological interventions, and low perceived efficacy in promoting patient behavior change. Patient focus groups (two groups) with at-risk Hispanics and African Americans suggested mixed knowledge regarding whether diabetes can be prevented, some knowledge gaps regarding factors related to risk, and multiple challenges for lifestyle change.Multiple and multilevel challenges to translating diabetes prevention interventions for the benefit of at-risk populations who seek care at CHCs were observed.
Occupational Skin Disease
Authors: S. Horner
Journal: BMJ (1948)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The expansion of out-of-hours pharmacy services results from a drive to improve patient care and promote integration into the wider healthcare team. However, there has been little attempt to explore these intended outcomes as well as the potential problems arising from working out of hours. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and views of pharmacists who work shifts as part of a 24/7 pharmacy service. <h3>Methods</h3> Semistructured interviews with shift-working pharmacists were conducted. Data were analysed using a framework approach. <h3>Results</h3> Pharmacists described the positive impact they had on patient safety by ensuring the prompt supply of time-critical medicines and their proactive role in preventing adverse drug events. Pharmacists’ on-site presence and attendance at handover promoted integration into the wider team and facilitated unplanned interventions. However, requests for non-urgent supplies were a source of frustration. Disparity of pharmacists’ perceptions of senior support demonstrated a need to explore communication further and the importance of non-technical skills, such as communication in service provision. Shift work appeared to be a double-edged sword for work–life balance, preventing participation in regular hobbies, but providing flexibility. Service improvements could include technician support, greater feedback provision and improved ordering processes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Overall, pharmacists believed the shift service exhibited numerous advantages over a traditional remote on-call service, particularly in improving aspects of patient safety and integration into the wider healthcare team. Clarity of the service scope and development of non-technical skills are areas for improvement and development.
Smoke hoods in aeroplanes.
Authors: P. Martin, J. A. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1992)

to them to set up strong audit structures in their units (£42 1 million in 1992-3)' they have only themselves to blame for a remarkable lack of initiative.But then effective audit requires not only hard work but also the active participation and commitment of senior doctors.On the other hand, picking up the telephone and complaining to the press is so much simpler and avoids the rather tedious business of systematic and critical analysis.For all that, it is time that we recognised and used the right whistle.
Abstract 5676: Effects of resveratrol on paclitaxel-sensitive and -resistant triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Alyssa A. Sprouse, Brittney-Shea Herbert
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Treatment of drug-resistant cancer cells remains a difficult problem in cancer therapy because most resistant cells can pump out drugs or upregulate other survival pathways to bypass a targeted therapy. The polyphenol natural compound, resveratrol, has been shown to inhibit cell growth of multiple cancer types, but it is not cytotoxic to normal cells. However, the effects of resveratrol in triple negative breast cancer cells (estrogen receptor-, progesterone receptor-, and HER2-negative) as well as cancers that are resistant to the common cancer drug, paclitaxel, are not well understood. In this study, the effects of resveratrol were investigated in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 as well as a novel MDA-MB-231 derived paclitaxel-resistant line generated in our laboratory. Assays for cell proliferation, apoptosis, and protein expression changes related to apoptosis and survival were utilized in order to determine the differential effects of resveratrol on the parental and resistant cell lines. At lower (&amp;lt; 10 μM) concentrations, resveratrol induced cell proliferation in both cell lines, consistent with other studies demonstrating lifespan extension of normal cells with resveratrol treatment. On the other hand, after treatment with 10-100 μM concentrations of resveratrol, both cell lines exhibited a reduction in cell proliferation, with the paclitaxel-resistant cells to a greater extent. In addition, resveratrol decreased the ability of both cell lines to form colonies when plated at low density (an indication of reduced cell survival capacity). Furthermore, resveratrol treatment increased the amount of DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis compared to untreated controls in both cell lines, but the paclitaxel resistant cells were more sensitive to resveratrol treatment than the parental cells. By protein expression analyses, we observed that in both the parental and paclitaxel-resistant cell lines, resveratrol may be acting through NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT1) activity by decreasing the expression of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein, surviving and increasing the activator-of-apoptosis, caspase 3. Based on these data, we propose that resveratrol can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells, including paclitaxel-resistant cells. These results provide rationale for the use of resveratrol as an important starting point for the development of a novel anti-cancer agent for drug resistant, aggressive cancers as well as in combination with other anti-cancer drugs without significant toxicity to normal cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5676. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5676
Effects of Levodopa on Systolic Preejection Period, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate during Acute and Chronic Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: THOMAS L. WHITSETT, LEON I. GOLDBERG
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The effect of levodopa on the externally recorded preejection period (PEP), blood pressure, and heart rate was evaluated in patients with Parkinson's disease during the first 2 weeks of therapy and after 3 months of continuous therapy. During the same time periods, the response of these parameters to graded intravenous doses of dopamine and epinephrine was determined. During the first 2 weeks, levodopa (1.0 and 1.5 g) produced a dose-related shortening of the PEP which was maximal at the time of the 30 or 60-min recordings and remained significant ( P &lt; 0.05) for 90 min following the 1.0-g dose and for 120 min after the 1.5-g dose. The drug had no effect on heart rate and reduced arterial blood pressure minimally. Propranolol (10 mg by mouth) prevented the shortening of PEP produced by levodopa. After 3 months of therapy, levodopa (1.5 g) failed to shorten the PEP significantly. However, the effect of dopamine and epinephrine on PEP was not significantly different from that obtained during the first 2 weeks of treatment with levodopa. It is concluded that levodopa exerts a positive inotropic effect which is mediated via beta-adrenergic receptors and that tolerance develops by 3 months of continuous administration. The tolerance does not appear to be caused by impaired responsiveness of the heart since the effect of graded doses of dopamine and epinephrine on the PEP was similar during both acute and chronic administration.
NICE rules on chemotherapy drugs for colon and breast cancer
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Capecitabine and oxaliplatin, two relatively new cancer drugs, should be considered for the adjuvant treatment of stage III (Dukes's type C) colon cancer after surgery, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recommended. Separate appraisals of docetaxel and paclitaxel for early breast cancer after surgery found insufficient evidence to make recommendations.

Previous NICE guidance said that the standard treatment for stage III (Dukes's type C) colon cancer after surgery was a six month course of 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid given intravenously. NICE also said that this treatment should be offered to all patients who are fit enough to tolerate it after surgery for Dukes's type C colon cancer (in which the tumour has spread to lymph nodes) and that it should begin within six weeks of surgery.

NICE's new appraisal reviewed the clinical and cost effectiveness data for two of the newer drugs. Capecitabine is an orally administered …
Peppers, Capsaicin, and the Gastric Mucosa
Authors: Peter Holzer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It was with great interest and pleasure that I read the study by Graham et al,<sup>1</sup>who provide further convincing evidence that highly spiced meals do not cause gastric and duodenal mucosal injury. I comment on two issues pertaining to this study and relating to physiological and pharmacologic aspects of capsaicin. This compound, which is the pungent principle in the fruits of red peppers of the genus<i>Capsicum</i>, differs profoundly in its pharmacologic actions from those of other spices, eg, piperine in black pepper.<sup>2</sup>Capsaicin, in fact, has been established in the last 10 years as an essential tool in neuroscience to probe the function of unmyelinated and thinly myelinated afferent neurons. The usefulness of capsaicin is due in part to its potent and selective stimulant action on these afferent neurons, which also innervate the gastrointestinal tract. My second comment relates to the inability of
TCT-242 Impact of gender on clinical outcome of everolimus-eluting stent versus bare-metal stent in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Authors: Ander Regueiro, Diego Fernández-Rodriguez, Salvatore Brugaletta, Angel Cequier, Andres Iñiguez, Antonio Serra, Rosana Hernandez-Antolin, Vicente Mainar, Marco Valgimigli, Maurizio Tespili, Armando Bethencourt, Nicolas Vazquez, Patrick W. Serruys, Manel Sabate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Results of long term interferon treatment in non A non B/C chronic active hepatitis. The French Group for the study of NANB/C chronic hepatitis treatment.
Authors: J M Metreau
Journal: Gut (1993)

One hundred and eleven patients with non-A, non-B/type C (NANB/C) chronic active hepatitis were randomly assigned to two groups to receive recombinant interferon alfa-2b treatment as follows: 3 million units (MU) interferon three times weekly for six months or 3 MU interferon three times weekly for the first six months, 2 MU for the next three months, and 1 MU for the last three months. At the end of treatment, the number who had responded completely was similar in both groups (47.2% in the six months group v 41.4% in the 12 months group). Cirrhosis was found to be the only predictive factor for response; a complete response was observed in 50.6% of patients without cirrhosis v 33.3% of those with cirrhosis (p = 0.04). After one year of treatment, the rate of relapse was lower in patients who had received longer treatment (33%) than in those who had received six months of interferon (60%). The difference between the groups was not statistically significant and the trend favouring longer treatment for sustained response requires further confirmation.
MEDIASTINAL AND INTRASPINAL PERINEURIAL FIBROBLASTOMA (HOUR-GLASS OR DUMB-BELL TUMOR) REMOVED BY ONE-STAGE OPERATION
Authors: Stuart W. Harrington
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Many hour-glass or dumb-bell tumors have been reported in the literature, and they occur with relative frequency in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. Those in the cervical and lumbar regions do not present the same surgical problem as do those in the thoracic region. The reason for this is that the extraspinal portion of the tumor in the thoracic region is in the mediastinum and encroaches on the adjacent intrathoracic structures. This involves the double surgical problem of combining the procedures for an intraspinal and an intrathoracic tumor. In a careful review of the literature, we have been unable to find the record of any case in which this type of tumor has been removed successfully in one stage. In the majority of cases the intraspinal portion is removed first, the intrathoracic portion being reserved for removal at a second stage. The procedures may be reversed, depending on the
Internal Medicine Residency Program Violations of the Minimum Autopsy Rate-Reply
Authors: Steven C. Campman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I agree completely with Dr Schatz. In looking for these new and creative ways to reverse the autopsy's trend toward extinction, we should start by improving communication and increasing discussions between clinical and laboratory physicians. I join in the lament over these data.
Abstract 2061: Vitamin D-regulates microRNAs in primary cultures of normal prostatic epithelial cells
Authors: Angeline Antonio, Avani Vaishnav, Larisa Nonn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent discoveries in cancer find that endogenous non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNA), bind to the 3’ untranslated region of target mRNAs and function to translationally repress or decrease mRNA stability. Additionally, a number of studies show that aberrant miRNA expression is linked to various cancers, such as prostate cancer. Cancer-related changes in miRNA levels may result in either repression of tumor suppressor genes and/or activation of oncogenes. MiRNAs pose a potential role as targets in the treatment of cancers. In prostate cancer research, studies suggest a role of vitamin D as a chemopreventive agent. Vitamin D inhibits the growth and differentiation of malignant prostate cells and tumors. Studies show that a reduction in serum levels of vitamin D metabolites is linked to PC occurrence. Research from our laboratory shows that vitamin D treatment alters mRNA stability. This suggests a potential role for miRNAs in the vitamin D prevention of prostate cancer. We hypothesize that vitamin D's prevention of prostate cancer involves up-regulating tumor suppressive miRNAs and down-regulating oncogenic miRNAs. Using normal human prostatic epithelial cells as a model, we investigated the miRNA expression profile changes in cells that were treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D for time points ranging from 30 min to 24 hours. Our results demonstrated that approximately 50% of the miRNAs are expressed in the normal epithelial cells. A smaller percentage of miRNAs, approximately 10%, were changed by vitamin D treatment. We found that vitamin D down-regulated a small number of miRNAs (&amp;lt;0.5 fold) commonly up-regulated in cancer (miR-181d, miR-378) and up-regulated miRNAs that are down-regulated in cancer (miR-29a, miR-16). Of the miRNAs altered by vitamin D, we observed an interesting down-regulation of the let-7 family of tumor suppressor miRNAs. Six of the seven let-7 family members present on the array (let-7 a-g) were down-regulated across the time points with four of the let-7 miRNAs downregulated as early as 30 minutes. This is a somewhat discrepant finding since let-7 is known as a tumor suppressor miRNA that is decreased in many cancers and we know that vitamin D is a cancer preventive agent. Further studies will determine the role of vitamin D on let-7 in the prostatic epithelial cells and the implications in cancer. Ongoing research will also determine the mechanism of vitamin D regulation of miRNAs to help further understand the chemopreventive role of vitamin D in prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2061.
Acquired syndactyly secondary to acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau
Authors: M.E. Kirkup, C.R. Lovell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Acquired syndactyly secondary to acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau Get access M.E. Kirkup, M.E. Kirkup Weston General Hospital, Weston‐super‐Mare BS23 4TQ, U.K. *Kinghorn Dermatology Unit, Royal United Hospital, Bath BA1 3NG, U.K. E‐mail: maggie@kirkup.plus.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. Lovell C.R. Lovell Weston General Hospital, Weston‐super‐Mare BS23 4TQ, U.K. *Kinghorn Dermatology Unit, Royal United Hospital, Bath BA1 3NG, U.K. E‐mail: maggie@kirkup.plus.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 5, 1 May 2005, Pages 1083–1084, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06580.x Published: 01 May 2005
Hazards to Vision in the Nursery
Authors: Thomas R.C. Sisson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Concerted efforts of neonatologists throughout the world to lower infant mortality rates have focused almost exclusively on instruments and techniques to salvage sick and immature newborns. The striking success in reducing neonatal mortality in the past two decades has been a source of considerable selfcongratulation. Advances in understanding neonatal physiology and the technologies to deal with its dysfunctions have produced an environment for the newborn that is only peripherally concerned with the infant's overall well-being. This environment has developed largely, and unwittingly, to serve those instruments and techniques and the needs of physicians, nurses, and technicians to employ them.The . . .
Distribution of Brevetoxin (PbTx-3) in Mouse Plasma: Association with High-Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Ricky T. Woofter, Page C. Spiess, John S. Ramsdell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We investigated the brevetoxin congener PbTx-3 to determine its distribution among carrier proteins, including albumin and blood lipoproteins. Using a radiolabeled brevetoxin tracer (PbTx-3), we found that 39% of the radiolabel remained associated with components in mouse plasma after > 15 kDa cutoff dialysis. Of this portion, only 6.8% was bound to serum albumin. We also examined the binding of brevetoxin to various lipoprotein fractions. Plasma, either spiked with PbTx-3 or from mice treated for 30 min with PbTx-3, was fractionated into different-sized lipoproteins by iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation. Each fraction was then characterized and quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis and brevetoxin radioimmunoassay, respectively. In both the in vitro and in vivo experiments, the majority of brevetoxin immunoreactivity was restricted to only those gradient fractions that contained high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Independent confirmation of brevetoxin binding to HDLs was provided by high molecular weight (100 kDa cutoff) dialysis of [3H]PbTx-3 from lipoprotein fractions as well as a scintillation proximity assay using [3H]PbTx-3 and purified human HDLs. This information on the association of brevetoxins with HDLs provides a new foundation for understanding the process by which the toxin is delivered to and removed from tissues and may permit more effective therapeutic measures to treat intoxication from brevetoxins and the related ciguatoxins.
Prescribe opioids for chronic non-cancer pain with care for the sake of patients and the community
Authors: S. M. Holliday, M. D. H. Dobbin
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Freynhagen and colleagues describe the lack of scientific evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of long term opioids for chronic non-cancer pain.1 Nevertheless, opioids are now the most prescribed drug in the US, where oxycodone sales reached $3.1bn (£2.08bn; €2.42bn) in 2010. 

The authors state that opioids are for moderate to severe pain …