tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abnormalities of the Arterial Pulse Wave in Young Diabetic Subjects
Authors: HENRY LAX, ARTHUR W. FEINBERG, William Urban
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Abnormalities have been noted in the arterial pulse wave of human subjects with peripheral arteriosclerosis and with hypertension. The major change, diminution to disappearance of the dicrotic wave, has also been found in young diabetic subjects. The present study reports on the differences in the configuration of the arterial pulse wave of 162 diabetic subjects between the ages of 11 and 29 years and a comparable group of 275 nondiabetic controls. The findings seem to support the concept that the vascular abnormalities seen in diabetes mellitus are an integral part and not a complication of the disease.
A memorable locum job
Authors: S. Bloxham
Journal: BMJ (2002)

“Today you go to root.” Surely a curious instruction to a trainee general practitioner starting his first locum job. As the principal raised herself in her sick bed and went on to tell me where the various visits were and the characters of the patients concerned, I eventually realised she was talking about the village of Wroot.

After the five mile drive along an empty ditch-lined road through the fens, I spent the morning listening to inarticulate, generally healthy folk giving histories of “bellyache” or “spots.”

Returning to the surgery, I had to make up the medicines for the last Wroot patient seen to collect. In the tiny dispensary …
Rapid improvement of recalcitrant disseminated granuloma annulare upon treatment with the tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, infliximab
Authors: M.S. Hertl, I. Haendle, G. Schuler, M. Hertl
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, which is characterized clinically by erythematous plaques preferentially localized to the distal extremities, although disseminated variants exist. In light of the chronic relapsing nature of GA and lack of satisfactory treatment options, we initiated treatment with infliximab in a patient with chronic disseminated GA that was recalcitrant to standard treatment. The 59-year-old female patient with insulin-dependent diabetes had experienced GA lesions for more than 4 years despite various systemic and topical treatments. Systemic glucocorticoids were not a therapeutic option because of the preexisting unstable insulin-dependent diabetes. Infliximab was administered intravenously at 5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) at weeks 0, 2 and 6 and thereafter at a monthly interval for an additional 4 months. Most of the GA plaques resolved within 4-6 weeks, leaving postinflammatory brownish macules. Newly arising plaques disappeared within 2 weeks and new GA lesions were not observed during the entire observation period of more than 16 months. Infliximab may be an additional option in the treatment of recalcitrant forms of GA as well as in other chronic granulomatous skin disorders, such as sarcoidosis and necrobiosis lipoidica.
Adverse Effects of Fluorinated Steroids Applied to the Face
Authors: Albert M. Kligman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The application of potent, fluorinated steroids to the face for periods of several months or more may be contraindicated when used widely or indiscriminately. Three distinctive syndromes occur in the patients who are nearly always adult women: (1) steroid rosacea, (2) perioral dermatitis, and (3) steroid-induced acne. Initial improvement of the original condition—often a trivial disorder—is followed by aggravation and emergence of one of these distinctive entities. Treatment is effective and consists of oral administration of tetracycline and exclusion of steroids. (<i>JAMA</i>229:60-62, 1974)
Post-operative atrial fibrillation — a randomized trial of Metoprolol, Flecainide, and placebo
Authors: J. Dy, T. Jayasundera, D. Kapadia, C. Cuperman, G. Whitman, V. DiSesa, C. Hargrove, J. Sink, S. Meister, N. Wolf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
ROENTGEN DIAGNOSIS OF THE PRIMARY TUBERCULOUS INFECTION
Authors: C. C. BIRKELO
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our present knowledge of the first infection with tuberculosis is the result of a careful correlation of postmortem findings, much animal experimentation and repeated roentgen examinations. Briefly, it may be said that the desire to understand fully this perplexing problem has persuaded all physicians interested in tuberculosis to combine their efforts to the extent that we are now able to say that we have a fairly accurate understanding of the entire primary complex as it occurs in both the child and the adult. It is a little less than twenty years ago since our knowledge of the tuberculous infection, as it occurred in the child, was so meager and uncertain that the clinician looked on the roentgen examination as only one link in a chain of evidence necessary to decide whether or not the child had tuberculosis. We knew then, as we do now, that the first infection with tuberculosis
Resection of Anginal Pathway for Relief of Anginal Pain
Authors: James A. Evans, James L. Poppen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

WE first became interested in the possibility of relieving anginal pain in patients undergoing splanchnicectomy who had severe hypertension and angina pectoris. After the pioneer work of White,1 who discovered the correct anatomic pathway in the wake of earlier, less accurate French exploration, it was only a step to extend the high dorsolumbar sympathectomy upward to include the first to the fourth thoracic ganglion.It is true that we and other neurosurgeons had noted relief of anginal pain in many hypertensive patients who had had sympathectomies too low to include the anginal pathway.2 3 4 Our experience in this regard is shown . . .
Dilation angioplasty of congenital or operative narrowings of venous channels.
Authors: J E Lock, J L Bass, W Castaneda-Zuniga, B P Fuhrman, W J Rashkind, R V Lucas
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Balloon dilation angioplasty was attempted in 10 infants and children with severe congenital or operative "venous" obstructions. In five children the obstructions were "vena caval" and followed repair for transposition of the great vessels (four patients) or orthotopic liver transplantation (one patient). In the four patients with fixed vena caval or baffle obstructions, balloon angioplasty was successful in relieving the obstruction, decreasing the average gradient (16.0 to 4.5 mm Hg), and increasing the average diameter (3.0 to 8.9 mm) of the obstructed site. One child died 1 week later from an unrelated cerebral hemorrhage; the three survivors have had persistent clinical and angiographic improvement. The fifth child had severe systolic narrowing of the superior baffle limb caused by marked tricuspid regurgitation, which ballooned the superior limb of the baffle against the atrial roof. Angioplasty was unsuccessful in relieving this type of obstruction, which resolved with tricuspid valve replacement. Of the five infants with obstructed pulmonary veins, three had congenitally narrowed vessels associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, one had acquired stenosis, and one had postoperative obstruction after repair of a mixed type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Dilation was unsuccessful in all five patients, but for different reasons: in the congenitally narrowed veins, the waist in the balloon could not be eliminated, even with high dilating pressures; in the infant with acquired stenosis, the vein stretched but did not tear at low dilating pressures; and in the postoperative obstruction, angioplasty increased the diameter of the obstruction but did not increase flow to the affected lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
267. Inflammatory Killing of Normal Cells To Treat Metastatic Tumors
Authors: Luis Sanchez-Perez, Gregory Daniels, Timothy Kottke, Rosa Maria Diaz, Atique Ahmed, Jill Thompson, Heung Chong, Richard Vile
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
We hypothesized that it might be possible to use intentional pathological-like killing of normal cells (melanocytes) to generate immune responses against tumor cells (melanoma). Recently, we demonstrated that i.d. injections of two plasmids, in which the HSVtk suicide gene is transcriptionally targeted to melanocytes (Tyr-HSVtk) and the hsp70 protein is expressed from the CMV promoter, generated localized killing of normal melanocytes within a highly inflammatory environment. This primed a CD8 T cell response which cleared 6 day established tumors. However, it was also rapidly suppressed in vivo by a population of CD25 regulatory T cells which prevented autoimmune vitiligo in tumor cured mice. We have now investigated additional interventions by which the potency of the inflammatory killing of melanocytes may be enhanced. Co-injection of a plasmid expressing CD40L led to dramatically enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy against B16 tumors (cure of >80% of mice bearing 9 day established B16 tumors) where suboptimal treatments with Tyr-HSVtk and CMV-hsp70 alone were ineffective. pCD40L increased the number of tetramer positive, antigen specific T cells directed against a melanocyte specific antigen in the LN. CD40L also led to the generation of potent immune memory in tumor cured mice (90% of rechallenged animals protected long term), and autoimmunity, effects that were not observed in mice cured of smaller tumors by Tyr-HSVtk+CMX//Q-hsp70. Interestingly, local expression of CD40L caused the disappearance of putative regulatory T cells from both the LN and the spleen within 8 days of the first plasmid injection, compatible with the ability to clear large established tumors, induction of memory and autoimmunity. Thus, inflammatory killing of normal cell types in vivo represents a novel way to induce autoimmune T cell reactivity which is cross reactive to tumors bearing shared SELF antigens. By manipulating the normal in vivo mechanisms which restrain these responses, increased anti-tumor responses can be induced but at the risk of also increasing autoimmune related side effects. Therefore, we also studied other ways to augment the T cell response without increasing autoimmune sequelae. In the non curative vaccination protocol, the CD8 T cell response leads to the immunoselection of tumor cell variants which have lost expression of the TRP-2 and tyrosinase melanocyte/melanoma antigens. Antigen expression could be re-induced in tumors by treatment with 5-Azacytidine and vaccination plus systemic 5-Azacytidine generated therapy against antigen loss variants which were otherwise poorly treated by further rounds of vaccination alone. These data show that protocols aimed at re-inducing/maintaining expression of tumor associated antigens may enhance the value of successful vaccination strategies which fail in part because of the emergence of antigen loss variants.
NPC1L1 is a key regulator of intestinal vitamin K absorption and a modulator of warfarin therapy
Authors: Tappei Takada, Yoshihide Yamanashi, Kentaro Konishi, Takehito Yamamoto, Yu Toyoda, Yusuke Masuo, Hideaki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Suzuki
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

NPC1L1, a cholesterol importer and a molecular target of ezetimibe, mediates the physiological absorption of vitamin K and therefore modulates the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Treatment of resistant pain in hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy with subcutaneous octreotide
Authors: S. A. Johnson, P. A. Spiller, C. M. Faull
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Pain in hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) due to periostitis and arthropathy can be a particularly disabling symptom, and resistant to a wide variety of treatments. The effectiveness of subcutaneous octreotide in relieving this pain in a patient with HPOA is reported.
In Vitro Tests of Thyroid Function in Pregnancy
Authors: Martin L. Nusynowitz, Stephen Plymate, Jerry L. Prather
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

The range of normal values of in vitro thyroid function tests in pregnancy is reported. Serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone, the free thyroxine index, and the free triiodothyronine index are identical to those of nonpregnant normals, and alterations of the triiodothyronine uptake, total thyroxine, and total triiodothyronine concentrations are attributable to changes in thyroxine binding proteins. The maintenance of normal free hormonal concentrations results from the redistribution of nonmetabolically, reversibly linked stores of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, without necessitating an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone. By six weeks after delivery, values which deviated from normal as a result of thyroxine binding protein alterations return towards, but do not quite achieve, normal, indicating persistence of slight estrogen effect on thyroxine binding proteins at this time.
Three-dimensional culture of human keratinocytes on a dermal equivalent as a model system to study environmental modulation of epidermal physiology in vitro: effect of air-exposure
Authors: D. ASSELINEAU, B.A. BERNARD, C. BAILLY, Y.M. DARMON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Three‐dimensional culture of human keratinocytes on a dermal equivalent as a model system to study environmental modulation of epidermal physiology in vitro: effect of air‐exposure Get access D. ASSELINEAU, D. ASSELINEAU Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques (CIRD), Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Dr D.Asselineau. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.A. BERNARD, B.A. BERNARD Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques (CIRD), Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. BAILLY, C. BAILLY Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques (CIRD), Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y.M. DARMON Y.M. DARMON Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques (CIRD), Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s31, 1 August 1986, Pages 126–127, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02121.x Published: 01 August 1986
Antibody synthesis by bone marrow cells in vitro following primary and booster tetanus toxoid immunization in humans.
Authors: H Kodo, R P Gale, A Saxon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Normal volunteers received either initial or booster immunization with tetanus toxoid. Bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained for up to 28 d after immunization and were analyzed for synthesis of total Ig and specific antibodies to tetanus toxoid. Cells were cultured in vitro for 3 or 7 d with or without pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Synthesis of IgG and IgM antibodies to tetanus (IgG-Tet and IgM-Tet) and total IgG and IgM was determined by radioimmunoassay. Four functional B cell subpopulations were detected in the bone marrow after booster tetanus immunization: (a) B cells that spontaneously synthesized IgG-Tet appeared on day 7 after immunization but were undetectable by day 21; (b) B cells that synthesized IgG-Tet after stimulation with PWM appeared after day 21 and persisted for greater than 1 mo; (c) B cells that synthesized IgM-Tet in the presence of PWM were detectable before and after immunization; and (d) B cells that spontaneously synthesized IgM-Tet appeared on day 7 and were undetectable by day 21. In contrast to the other three types of bone marrow B cells described, this fourth subpopulation of PWM-independent IgM-Tet-synthesizing B cells was not detected in the peripheral blood. After primary immunization, no spontaneous antibody-producing cells were detected in the blood or bone marrow, although there was a small rise in IgM-Tet in two of three subjects. In the bone marrow, only IgM-Tet PWM-inducible cells were seen, although mitogen-responsive IgM and IgG-Tet cells were detected in the circulation. The IgM-Tet PWM-reactive cells were present even before primary antigen exposure and appear to represent the initial B cells involved in the antibody response. These data indicate that there are specific times after immunization when different functional classes of anti-Tet-synthesizing B cells and memory B cells appear in human bone marrow. Knowledge of these data may be important in developing a strategy for the transfer of immune memory from donors to recipients in the setting of bone marrow transplantation.
Air pollutant-enhanced respiratory disease in experimental animals.
Authors: M I Gilmour, M Daniels, R C McCrillis, D Winsett, M K Selgrade
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Studies in animals have shown that a wide range of airborne particulates including cigarette smoke, acid aerosols, metals, organic compounds, and combustion products can interfere with the normal defense processes of the lung to enhance susceptibility to respiratory infection or exacerbate allergic diseases. Such detrimental effects are less easy to quantify in humans because of the difficulties in obtaining comprehensive exposure history and health status in large populations and because of the inherent dangers of inducing disease in clinical studies. In this article we describe examples of how air pollutants affect lung disease in experimental animal systems. This information can be used to predict the health risk of simple and complex exposures and to lend insight into the mechanisms of air pollution toxicity.
Logic and Goals in the Practice of Medicine.
Authors: J. R. Reid
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Logic and Goals in the Practice of Medicine.J. R. Reid, Ph.D.J. R. Reid, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-727_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDoctors and patients largely agree on the ultimate goals of medical practice. These goals are to cure and prevent disease, as well as to improve the health of the community. Regarding the best means to these goals, there are of course some disagreements, even among experts. To clarify and evaluate our concepts about these goals, with special reference to our choices and conduct in trying to attain them, is the aim of ethics as this discipline is applied to medicine.Logic, by partial contrast, is concerned with the analysis and criticism of reflective thought, more specifically, with explaining and defending... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 727-728KeywordsPrevention, policy, and public health Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Care of the Pregnant Woman with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Norbert Freinkel, Sharon L. Dooley, Boyd E. Metzger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

THE expectations for a viable birth in pregnancy complicated by diabetes have never been better in centers where a large number of diabetic pregnant women receive their care from teams of specially trained physicians and members of the allied health professions. By the end of the 1970s, perinatal losses in such optimal settings had been reduced from 33 per cent (the incidence that obtained during the period 1920 to 1930) to 6.5 per cent,1 and even better results were being observed in some clinics.2 3 4 5 6 Indeed, within the past few years, some centers have reported perinatal mortality figures for the offspring . . .
Modulation of Anthracycline-Induced Myofibrillar Disarray in Rat Ventricular Myocytes by Neuregulin-1β and Anti-erbB2
Authors: Douglas B. Sawyer, Christian Zuppinger, Thomas A. Miller, Hans M. Eppenberger, Thomas M. Suter
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — There is an increased incidence of heart failure in patients treated concurrently with anthracyclines and the chemotherapeutic anti-erbB2 agent trastuzumab (Herceptin). On the basis of our previous studies with recombinant neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β), a ligand for the erbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, we hypothesized that activation of erbB2 by anti-erbB2 versus NRG-1 would cause differential effects on myocyte intracellular signaling as well as anthracycline-induced myofibrillar injury and might potentially account for the clinical toxicity of trastuzumab in the setting of concurrent anthracycline therapy. Methods and Results — We tested this hypothesis using adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) in culture, assessing myofibrillar structure by immunostaining for myomesin and filamentous actin. Activation of erbB2, extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), and Akt was assessed by use of antibodies to phosphorylated activated receptor or kinase detected by immunoblot. ARVMs treated with doxorubicin (0.1 to 0.5 μmol/L) showed a concentration-dependent increase in myofilament disarray. NRG-1β (10 ng/mL) activated erbB2, Erk1/2, and Akt in ARVMs and significantly reduced anthracycline-induced disarray. In contrast to NRG-1β, anti-erbB2 (1 μg/mL) caused rapid phosphorylation of erbB2 but not Erk1/2 or Akt, with downregulation of erbB2 by 24 hours. Concomitant treatment of myocytes with anti-erbB2 and doxorubicin caused a significant increase in myofibrillar disarray versus doxorubicin alone. Conclusions — NRG-1β/erbB signaling regulates anthracycline-induced myofilament injury. The increased susceptibility of myofilaments to doxorubicin in the presence of antibody to erbB2 may explain the contractile dysfunction seen in patients receiving concurrent trastuzumab and anthracyclines.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Trigger Factors and Trends in Therapy
Authors: A FORBES
Journal: Gut (1998)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Trigger Factors and Trends in Therapy. Caprilli R, ed. (Pp 218; illustrated; price not given.) Stuttgart: Schattauer, 1997. ISBN 3-7945-18808-X.

In preface to my review of Dr Caprilli’s interesting book I must declare a bias, as I am the author of a volume of similar size and title, also published in 1997. I hope that this has not influenced my comments too much, as …
Erratum to “Adhesion Receptors Mediate Efficient Non-viral Gene Delivery”
Authors: Inge S Zuhorn, Dharamdajal Kalicharan, George T Robillard, Dick Hoekstra
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Molecular Therapy 15: 946–953; doi:10.1038/mt.sj.6300139; published online 20 March 2007 Figures 1, 5, and 6 were printed incorrectly in the online version of this article. The correct versions of these figures appear in the May 2007 issue of Molecular Therapy.