tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synergistic interaction in simultaneous exposure to Streptomyces californicus and Stachybotrys chartarum.
Authors: Kati Huttunen, Jukka Pelkonen, Kristian Fogg Nielsen, Ulla Nuutinen, Juha Jussila, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The microbial exposure associated with health complaints in moldy houses consists of a heterogeneous group of components, including both living and dead bacteria, fungi, and their metabolites and active compounds. However, little is known about the interactions between different microbes and their metabolites, although the cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential of certain individual microbes have been reported. In this study, we investigated the inflammatory responses of mouse RAW264.7 macrophages after exposure to six indoor air microbes (Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium spinulosum, Stachybotrys chartarum, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium terrae, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) alone and together with the actinomycete Streptomyces californicus. The production of nitric oxide, levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cytotoxicity were measured. The coexposure to Sta. chartarum and Str. californicus caused a synergistic increase in the production of IL-6 but not other cytokines. In further experiments, the metabolites from Sta. chartarum or from closely related fungi (atranones B and E, satratoxin G, trichodermin, 7-alpha-hydroxytrichodermol, staplabin, and SMTP-7) and the known fungal toxins sterigmatocystin, citrinin, and ochratoxin A were each tested with Str. californicus. The testing revealed a synergistic response in TNF-alpha and IL-6 production after coexposure to Str. californicus with both trichodermin and 7-alpha-hydroxytrichodermol. Finally, the synergistic inflammatory response caused by Str. californicus and trichodermin together was studied by analyzing for the presence of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-kappa-B) in nuclear extracts of the exposed cells. The exposure to Str. californicus induced the binding of NF-kappa-B proteins to the NF-kappa-B consensus sequence as well as to the natural NF-kappa-B site of the IL-6 promoter. Adding trichodermin to the exposure did not increase the DNA binding.
Rapid Genotyping of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Niel T. Constantine, Mohamed Abdel-Hamid, David Oldach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Rapid identification of the genotype of an isolate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) obtained from an organ donor may offer a means of preventing infection by new, genetically different viruses in recipients who are already HCV-positive.1 Current methods of determining HCV genotypes require at least two or three days. A faster, direct polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) method that uses serum without the need for purification2 has been further modified in our laboratory by shortening the amplification cycles and changing the dilutions of the sample. Coupled with the appropriate use of restriction enzymes, this method can be used to determine . . .
Urinary Tobacco Smoke–Constituent Biomarkers for Assessing Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: Jian-Min Yuan, Lesley M. Butler, Irina Stepanov, Stephen S. Hecht
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tobacco-constituent biomarkers are metabolites of specific compounds present in tobacco or tobacco smoke. Highly reliable analytic methods, based mainly on mass spectrometry, have been developed for quantitation of these biomarkers in both urine and blood specimens. There is substantial interindividual variation in smoking-related lung cancer risk that is determined in part by individual variability in the uptake and metabolism of tobacco smoke carcinogens. Thus, by incorporating these biomarkers in epidemiologic studies, we can potentially obtain a more valid and precise measure of in vivo carcinogen dose than by using self-reported smoking history, ultimately improving the estimation of smoking-related lung cancer risk. Indeed, we have demonstrated this by using a prospective study design comparing biomarker levels in urine samples collected from smokers many years before their development of cancer versus those in their smoking counterparts without a cancer diagnosis. The following urinary metabolites were associated with lung cancer risk, independent of smoking intensity and duration: cotinine plus its glucuronide, a biomarker of nicotine uptake; 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), a biomarker of the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK); and r-1-,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (PheT), a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These results provide several possible new directions for using tobacco smoke–constituent biomarkers in lung cancer prevention, including improved lung cancer risk assessment, intermediate outcome determination in prevention trials, and regulation of tobacco products. Cancer Res; 74(2); 401–11. ©2014 AACR.
Nelson, 14–16 March, Med. School Class Reunion
Authors: Rae Varcoe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Ad Libitum7 August 2007Nelson, 14–16 March, Med. School Class ReunionRae Varcoe, MA, MB, ChBRae Varcoe, MA, MB, ChBFrom Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1, New Zealand.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-3-200708070-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail this morning I've learned:three ways to repel a bearon the Appalachian Trailhow to climb Kilimanjarowith the minimum of gearthat on the Te Araroa Trail the sunrises in places laden with syllablesthat the Mandarin for please sit downdiffers only tonally fromyou are a big green vegetableyesterday I:dined with the allergistsensitive to butter, milk and creamwas advised that, at the beach,the way to cope with forgotten togsis to strip off brisklyand speak Germanenjoyed a hesitant lectureon the notion of uncertaintylearned that Chook Brookes hassailed the Atlantic in a small yachtwhile pacifying three childrenwith measured dosesof Arthur Ransomean ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1, New Zealand.Current Author Address: Rae Varcoe, MA, MB, ChB, Auckland City Hospital, Park Road, Private Bag 92024, Auckland, New Zealand. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 August 2007Volume 147, Issue 3Page: 207KeywordsChildrenMilk ePublished: 7 August 2007 Issue Published: 7 August 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Myasthenia gravis. A clinical and basic science review
Authors: M. E. Seybold
Journal: JAMA (1983)

MYASTHENIA gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of skeletal muscle. Although the prevalence of MG is only about one per 20,000 people in the United States, it is the best studied and best understood of the neuroreceptor disorders. As such, it is likely to serve as the prototype for the understanding of more common organ-specific autoimmune disorders. <h3>Clinical Characteristics</h3> Myasthenia gravis has no racial or geographic predilection. Although it is extremely rare during the first two years of life, MG may occur at almost any age. Females are affected more commonly than males (about 2:1), and this female preponderance is most striking during young adulthood. The disease shows decreasing sexual preference with increasing age and may even show a slight male preponderance in the elderly. Familial cases are uncommon, and no consistent HLA type or genetic inheritance pattern has been identified.
Pulmonary Nodules Causing False-positive Liver Scans
Authors: KYOICHI UENO, HIROKO KABUTO, SHIGEHO RIKIMARU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

False-positive liver scans may occur due to intrinsic hepatic anatomy, extrinsic impression on the liver from adjacent structures, or external attenuation of gamma rays. However, reports of false-positive scans due to external attenuation by pulmonary nodules are very few, and postoperative changes in liver scintigraphy have not been reported. We experienced three such cases. In each case, a pulmonary mass was located in the right posterior basal segment. The preoperative liver scan showed a focal “cold” area in the upper portion of the right lobe. This “cold” area was seen only in the posterior view, and after resection of the tumor it usually disappeared promptly unless direct liver invasion was present.
Concurrent Sentences — Dialysis in the State Penitentiary
Authors: Eric M. Gibney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

I was driving the last desolate stretch of road to the state penitentiary, headed to visit patients undergoing dialysis. I was well outside my comfort zone of the university transplantation clinic, and I was tense. The prison loomed large in my imagination, a caricature of every forbidding, barbed-wire-and-cinderblock jailhouse I had seen in the movies. Along the road, a sign marked the boundary of the Great Dismal Swamp.I called ahead to Ms. Tuttle, the nurse who would meet me at the gate. “Tuttle,” she answered the phone. The others would identify themselves similarly — a curt surname only. Prison . . .
Geographic Distribution of HBsAg Carriers in China
Authors: Palmer R. BEASLEY, Chia-Chin Lin, Chia-Siang Chien, Chien-Jen Chen, Lu-Yu Hwang
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

We tested by radioimmunoassay the sera of 22,707 male Chinese government employees in Taiwan for HBsAg and found 15.2% to be positive. Almost all were confirmed as carriers by follow–up testing 1 year later. This paper presents HBsAg positivity rates of these men according to the province of China from which they originated, and compares the rates with published provincial mortality rates for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Moderate variation in carrier rates between provinces was observed with high prevalence in men from provinces south of the Yangtze River. There was positive correlation between HBsAg prevalence and primary hepatocellular carcinoma incidence giving further support to the possibility of a causal relationship.
Abstract LB-449: The relationship between <i>CHRNA5</i> gene polymorphism and the strength of nicotine addiction in lung cancer, COPD and healthy smokers
Authors: Kamila Wojas-Krawczyk, Pawel A. Krawczyk, Beata Biernacka, Tomasz Kucharczyk, Radosław Mlak, Dariusz M. Kowalski, Jolanta Andrzejuk, Janusz Milanowski
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction. A rare variant of chromosomal region 15q25.1, marked by rs16969968 (substitution 1354G&amp;gt;A or D398N in CHRNA5 gene), was found to be associated with increased lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence appearance. We attempted to confirm the relationship between polymorphism of gene for nicotine acetylocholine receptor A subunit 5 (CHRNA5) and stage of nicotine dependence measured by the result of Fagerström test and cotinine level in serum in lung cancer, COPD and healthy smokers. Methods. Polymorphism of CHRNA5 gene was analised using PCR-RFLP method in the group of 97 lung cancer patients, 99 COPD patients and 98 healthy volunteers. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was used as a standard instrument for assessing the intensity of this physical addiction. Cotinine serum level was measured using ELISA method. Results. In all analyzed subjects, the frequency of AA, AG and GG genotypes were 11%, 47% and 42%, respectively. The polymorphism of CHRNA5 gene does not have a significant influence on the elevated risk of lung cancer and COPD. The presence of GG genotype decreased the risk of strength of nicotine addiction (HR=0.238, 95%CI:[0.066–0.857], p&amp;lt;0.05). We observed that allele A was presented more frequently in the subjects with high level of nicotine dependence and in the subjects with early (&amp;lt;25 years) onset of addiction (p&amp;lt;0.05). Moreover, cotinine serum level significantly correlated with results of Fagerström test (p&amp;lt;0.001). The carriers of allele A expressed significantly higher level of serum cotinine when compared with the carriers of GG genotype (p=0.05). Conclusion. In the presented abstract we report for the first time the relationship between the polymorphism of CHRNA5 gene and the strength of nicotine addiction. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-449. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-449
Establishment of pregnancy after removal of sperm antibodies in vitro.
Authors: R. Sharma, D. R. Bromham, V. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (1992)

postoperative endotoxaemia is 32%.1 Further work should be directed at identifying those who are at risk and assessing their innate immunity in different clinical situations.If antiendotoxin is then given early, rather than after sepsis is established, the results are likely to be superior to those obtained in the trials published so far.Comparisons can be made with the published trials of steroids in sepsis.For them to be beneficial it was thought necessary to administer steroids in the very early stages.They were deemed in- effective, though confirmatory studies were not performed.Although these two drugs are not comparable, by performing similar studies with antiendotoxins without fully understanding the events leading up to sepsis we run the risk of condemning this potentially useful treatment for the wrong reasons, spending millions in the process.
Gallium-67 Uptake in Meningeal Sarcoidosis
Authors: JON G. AYRES, B H HICKS, M N MAISEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A case of sarcoidosis limited to the central nervous system is described in which the diagnosis was suggested by high Ga-67 uptake in the cranial and spinal meninges. The diagnosis was confirmed by meningeal biopsy. Treatment with oral corticosteroids resulted in clinical improvement and marked reduction in Ga-67 uptake in the meninges. This is the first reported case of the central nervous system sarcoid diagnosed by Ga-67 imaging.
Synthesis and properties of amphiphilic networks. 1: the effect of hydration and polymer composition on the adhesion of immunoglobulin-G to poly(laurylmethacrylate-stat-glycerolmonomethacrylate-stat-ethylene-glycol-dimethacrylate) networks
Authors: R Haigh, S Rimmer, N.J Fullwood
Journal: Biomaterials (2000)
Secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA: a regulator of immune function in atherosclerosis?
Authors: A. Bobik
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Soluble phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is an acute-phase reactant that is markedly increased in inflammatory disorders including cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins IL-6 and IL-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α increase its expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and hepatocytes, two cell types largely responsible for its elevations in plasma. sPLA2-IIA is also highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and associated with smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and glycoaminoglycans,1 where it exerts proatherogenic effects in part by modifying low-and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL). It hydrolyses the sn -2 ester bond in the glyceroacyl phospholipids present in both LDL and HDL and cell membranes, releasing fatty acids and lysophospholipids. sPLA2-IIA can also exert effects that are independent of its hydrolytic functions. It elevates IL-6 production by macrophages2 and contributes to elevations in cyclooxygenase-2 expression by mast cells:3 two cell types with significant roles in atherosclerosis. Thus, sPLA2-IIA is thought to promote atherosclerosis by hydrolysing lipoproteins and regulating macrophage and mast cell responses via non-hydrolytic mechanisms.

In this issue of Cardiovascular Research , Ibeas et al. 4 provide additional new and somewhat unexpected insights as to how … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +61 3 8532 1190; fax: 61 3 8532 1100. E-mail address : alex.bobik{at}bakeridi.edu.au
TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR VOLUMES REVISITED: AN MRI COMPARISON STUDY IN ADULTS WITH REPAIRED TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
Authors: Matthias Greutmann, May Ling Mah, Daniel Tobler, Patric Biaggi, Andrew Crean, Candice Silversides, Erwin Oechslin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Common Health Problems in Medical Practice
Authors: Elliott B. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The literature of family medicine is becoming crowded with book lookalikes. The unwary consumer may come to feel he has purchased a book featuring neither new information nor a novel treatment of important information if he does not carefully evaluate acquisitions beforehand. <i>Common Health Problems in Medical Practice</i>is neither a quick reference book nor an exhaustive treatment. It is neither an authoritative treatise for the library nor a field manual for the beleaguered resident. This unshaped identity precludes it from being considered as a unique contribution to the primary care field. The arrangement of health problems by the age at which they occur, rather than by system, is unique, but there are no pearls of wisdom within the covers. Primary care physicians already know this basic material. Dr Medley is from the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine at the College of Medicine, University of Florida, and he
Abstract A34: Critical and reciprocal regulation of SLUG-KLF4 and SLUG-miR-1/miR-200b in TGFβ-initiated prostate cancer EMT
Authors: Yen-Nien Liu, Philip Martin, Kathleen Kelly, Juan Juan Yin, Wassim Abou-Kheir, Paul Hynes, Lei Fang, Orla Casey, Ming Yi, Victoria Seng, Heather Tillman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in various pathological processes within the prostate, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer progression. However, an ordered sequence of signaling events initiating carcinoma-associated EMT has not been established. We have used a mouse model of Pten and TP53 null prostate adenocarcinoma, which undergoes progressive TGFβ-dependent EMT leading eventually to sarcomtoid carcinoma formation. Sarcomatoid carcinomas are characterized by various mesenchymal lineages and bone formation. In this model, SLUG is the dominant regulator of EMT initiation in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of Slug inhibited EMT. We determined that TGFβ-stimulated KLF4 degradation is the mechanism of SLUG induction, and the introduction of a degradation-resistant mutant of KLF4 inhibited EMT. We show that KLF4 and another epithelial determinant, FOXA1, are direct transcriptional inhibitors of SLUG expression in mouse and human prostate cancer cells. In addition, SLUG-dependent binding of polycomb repressive complexes to the Klf4 and Foxa1 promoters was demonstrated to inhibit transcription of these epithelial transcription factors, suggesting that SLUG expression helps to consolidate mesenchymal commitment. Analysis of tissue arrays demonstrated decreased KLF4 and increased SLUG expression in advanced stage primary prostate cancer, substantiating the involvement of the EMT signaling events described in model systems. As microRNAs are pleiotropic regulators of differentiation and tumorigenesis, we evaluated miR expression associated with tumorigenesis and EMT. Mir-1 and mir-200 were reduced with progression of prostate adenocarcinoma, and we identified Slug as one of the phylogenetically-conserved targets of these miRs. We established that SLUG is a direct repressor of miR-1 and miR-200 transcription. Thus, SLUG and miR-1/miR-200 act in a self-reinforcing regulatory loop leading to amplification of EMT. Depletion of Slug inhibited EMT during tumorigenesis, while forced expression of miR-1 or miR-200 inhibited both EMT and tumorigenesis in human and mouse model systems. Various miR targets were analyzed, and our findings suggest that miR-1 has roles in regulating EMT and mesenchymal differentiation through Slug and functions in tumor-suppressive programs by regulating additional targets. Citation Format: Yen-Nien Liu, Philip Martin, Kathleen Kelly, Juan Juan Yin, Wassim Abou-Kheir, Paul Hynes, Lei Fang, Orla Casey, Ming Yi, Victoria Seng, Heather Tillman. Critical and reciprocal regulation of SLUG-KLF4 and SLUG-miR-1/miR-200b in TGFβ-initiated prostate cancer EMT [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A34.
Thrombin and fibrin activity in patients treated with enoxaparin, ticlopidine and aspirin versus the conventional coumadin regimen after elective stenting: The ENTICES trial
Authors: Kevin R. Kruse, Charles S. Greenberg, Jean-François Tanguay, Roger S. Gammon, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Mitchell W. Krucoff, Fadl A. Matar, Lynne A. Morrison, Steven R. Sawchak, Scott D. Berkowitz, Harry R. Phillips, Richard S. Stack, Robert M. Califf, James P. Zidar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Sponge Biopsy in Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
Authors: Sidney A. Gladstone
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The report by Drs. Nolan and Enos (<i>JAMA</i><b>180</b>:248-250 [April 21] 1962) has brought to our attention the very satisfactory results that can be obtained by bronchoscopists and pathologists in the diagnosis of<i>precancerous and cancerous</i>lesions of the lung. In a series of 100 cases, 20 examinations by sponge biopsy during bronchoscopy "yielded groups of cells which have been proven to be forerunners of, or actually associated with, invasive bronchogenic carcinoma.... We have found that with the sponge biopsy we can demonstrate the same premalignant and malignant changes in the bronchial epithelium of cigarette smokers which Auerbach et al<sup>1</sup>have demonstrated in autopsy material." We are especially indebted to Drs. Nolan and Enos for their careful work and detailed report. In 1951 a similar study was begun but never completed. Those investigators state,<sup>2</sup>"Earlier in the series we compared the sponge method with