tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interferon and Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: JON A. GREEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1981Interferon and Respiratory Syncytial VirusJON A. GREEN, M.D. PH.D., PAUL WEISS, MSIVJON A. GREEN, M.D. PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL WEISS, MSIVSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-4-544_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Interferons are naturally occurring antiviral proteins that are rapidly produced during acute viral infections and provide an important host defense before the appearance of specific antibody (1). Re-exposure to antigen, including that of viral origin, affords the potential for immune-specific induction of an interferon (IFN-ᵧ) differing in several respects from that induced by viruses (1, 2). When acidified to less than pH 4.0 IFN-ᵧ is inactivated, whereas viral induced IFNs are stable for prolonged periods at pH 2.0 (2, 3).In the January 1981 issue of Annals, Hall and coworkers (4) have evaluated the role of interferon...References1. STEWART W. The Interferon System. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1979. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. GREENCOOPERBANDKIBRICK JSS. Immune specific induction of interferon production in cultures of human blood lymphocytes. Science. 1969;164:1415-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WHEELOCK E. Interferon-like virus-inhibitor induced in human leukocytes by phytohemagglutinin. Science. 1965;149:310-1. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. HAILDOUGLASSIMONS CRR. Interferon production in adults with respiratory syncytial viral infection. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:53-5. LinkGoogle Scholar5. GREENCHARETTEYEHSMITH JRTC. Serum interferon in humans with naturally acquired influenza. Curr Chemother Infect Dis. 1980;2:1332-4. Google Scholar6. HALLHALLSPEERS WCD. Respiratory syncytial virus infections in adults: clinical, virologic, and serial pulmonary function studies. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:203-5. LinkGoogle Scholar1. HALLHALLSPEERS WCD. Respiratory syncytial virus infections in adults: clinical, virologic, and serial pulmonary function studies. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:203-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MATHURBENTLEYHALL UDC. Concurrent outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A infections in the institutionalized elderly and chronically ill. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93(Part 1):49-52. LinkGoogle Scholar3. HALLDOUGLASSIMONS CRR. Interferon production in adults with respiratory syncytial viral infection. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:53-5. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Utah College of Medicine Salt Lake City, UT 84132 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1981Volume 94, Issue 4_Part_1Page: 544-544KeywordsAntigensInterferonsProteinsRespiratory syncytial virus Issue Published: 1 April 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Is cannibalism a myth?
Authors: F S A Doran
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In his article on cannibalism, Tony Smith turns for reliable evidence to that most trustworthy observer Captain James Cook, the great navigator. Lieutenant James King RN, a member of my wife's family, who was studying mathematics and astronomy at Christ Church College at the time, was chosen in 1776 to superintend the astronomical department of Cook's third voyage. It was James King who continued Cook's journal after his death.

The practice of eating the flesh of valiant warriors killed in battle is not an act of barbarism and crude savagery …
Regulation of the hepatitis C virus RNA replicase by endogenous lipid peroxidation
Authors: Daisuke Yamane, David R McGivern, Eliane Wauthier, MinKyung Yi, Victoria J Madden, Christoph Welsch, Iris Antes, Yahong Wen, Pauline E Chugh, Charles E McGee, Douglas G Widman, Ichiro Misumi, Sibali Bandyopadhyay, Seungtaek Kim, Tetsuro Shimakami, Tsunekazu Oikawa, Jason K Whitmire, Mark T Heise, Dirk P Dittmer, C Cheng Kao, Stuart M Pitson, Alfred H Merrill, Lola M Reid, Stanley M Lemon
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Why Londoners have low death rates from ischaemic heart disease and stroke.
Authors: D. J. Barker, C. Osmond, B. Pannett
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To explain the low death rates from cardiovascular disease in London.London and the other counties of England and Wales.Women living in London during 1901-10 and people in London dying during 1968-78.At the beginning of the twentieth century young women aged 15-34 in London had remarkably low death rates, largely because of low rates for tuberculosis and other infectious diseases and low mortality during childbirth. Their low death rates contrasted with the high rates in girls under 15 years.Large numbers of young women had migrated into London from agricultural counties in southern England and went into domestic service, where the diet was usually very good. Recent findings suggest that a mother's nutrition and health has a major effect on the risk of cardiovascular disease in the next generation. The low cardiovascular mortality in London is consistent with this, and contrasts with the high mortality from other common diseases.
THE ORIGIN OF CORPORA AMYLACEA IN THE PROSTATE GLAND.
Authors: JOSEPH RILUS EASTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The formations designated by Seigert as corpora colloidea, and commonly known as corpora amylacea, have been observed in various organs. Morgagni saw them first in the prostate gland in 1723. Virchow found them later in the brain, spinal cord, at the neck of the bladder, and in the so-called female prostate (delicate tubular glands surrounding the female urethra). Friedrich found them in the lung; Lubarsch in a tumor of the supra-renal capsule, and Hildebrand in a malignant growth from the sternum. Widely varying hypotheses concerning the histogenesis of these bodies have been proposed by those whose attention they have attracted, the same after painstaking investigations, but none has led to an agreement as to the meaning of the observations made. Morgagni compared the concretions macroscopically with snuff particles, and regarded them as a pathologic product of precipitation in prostate secretion. Virchow remarked the gray-blue nuance of color upon application of
Comparison of phototherapy with near vs. far erythemogenic doses of narrow-band ultraviolet B in patients with psoriasis
Authors: None Hofer, None Fink-Puches, None Kerl, None Wolf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The therapeutic effectiveness of radiation from a 311 nm ultravoilet B (UVB) lamp (Philips TL-01) in a near vs. far erythemogenic therapy regimen was investigated in 13 patients with widespread, symmetrically distributed psoriasis. The patients received UV therapy starting with 70% of the 311 nm minimal erythema dose (MED) on one randomly chosen half of the body and 35% of the 311 nm MED on the other half. Therapy was given three to five times a week, and the UVB dose in both regimens was increased simultaneously in the same relation. For the 11 patients completing the study, the mean psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score for the near vs. far erythemogenic treatment side was 21.2 vs. 18.5 before therapy (Wilcoxon's test, not significant), 11.8 vs. 14.4 at week 1 (P = 0.003), 8.2 vs. 12.0 at week 2 (P = 0.004), and 6.6 vs. 15.6 at week 3 (P = 0.005). After 3 weeks, a satisfactory response (i.e. improvement of the initial PASI score by more than 75%) was observed in six of 11 patients on the near erythemogenic treatment side vs. three of 11 patients on the far erythemogenic side. However, the definitive median total number of treatments needed to achieve a satisfactory therapy response on the near vs. far erythemogenic sides was 12 vs. 16 (P = 0.022), whereas the definitive median cumulative UV dose was 14.0 vs. 9.1 J/cm2 (P = 0.088), respectively. These results suggest that near erythemogenic 311 nm UVB therapy may clear psoriasis faster than far erythemogenic therapy but that the latter regimen may be equally effective as it requires slightly more treatment sessions at a lower (and possibly less carcinogenic) cumulative UV dose.
The Charing Cross-Cassel Focal Psychotherapy Research Project: Method of Content Analysis
Authors: R.M. Rosser, C.M. Moynihan, J. Denford, A. Heslop, B. Muir, D. Macklin, A. Guz
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

A method of content analysis has been designed for application in brief focal psychotherapy with physically ill patients. The method is being used to study the process of therapy with patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. This paper discusses its reliability and validity in this context and suggests that it may illuminate the relevance of environmental factors to the development of the transference.
Decoupling of Sleep-Dependent Cortical and Hippocampal Interactions in a Neurodevelopmental Model of Schizophrenia
Authors: Keith G. Phillips, Ullrich Bartsch, Andrew P. McCarthy, Dale M. Edgar, Mark D. Tricklebank, Keith A. Wafford, Matt W. Jones
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Rhythmic neural network activity patterns are defining features of sleep, but interdependencies between limbic and cortical oscillations at different frequencies and their functional roles have not been fully resolved. This is particularly important given evidence linking abnormal sleep architecture and memory consolidation in psychiatric diseases. Using EEG, local field potential (LFP), and unit recordings in rats, we show that anteroposterior propagation of neocortical slow-waves coordinates timing of hippocampal ripples and prefrontal cortical spindles during NREM sleep. This coordination is selectively disrupted in a rat neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: fragmented NREM sleep and impaired slow-wave propagation in the model culminate in deficient ripple-spindle coordination and disrupted spike timing, potentially as a consequence of interneuronal abnormalities reflected by reduced parvalbumin expression. These data further define the interrelationships among slow-wave, spindle, and ripple events, indicating that sleep disturbances may be associated with state-dependent decoupling of hippocampal and cortical circuits in psychiatric diseases.
Impact of surgical resection of primary breast tumor in stage IV breast cancer on local control and survival
Authors: S. R. Gorla, J. Steel, R. Cohn, S. A. Khan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

629 Background: Treatment for women with Stage IV breast cancer and an intact primary tumor consists of systemic therapy; resection of the primary tumor (PT) is reserved for palliation only. Retrospective data from the National Cancer Database suggest that local control of the PT may improve survival. We now report the experience with such patients at the Lynn Sage Breast Center, to assess the impact of treating in-breast disease on cancer-related outcomes Methods: Women presenting with Stage IV disease and an intact PT were identified through a prospectively maintained database. Charts were reviewed for: surgical resection of primary tumor, systemic therapy, time to first progression, overall survival, and presence of chest wall disease at death or last follow-up. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher’s Exact Test and the Gehan-Wilcoxon Test. Results: 84 patients with Stage IV breast cancer and an intact PT were seen between 1985–2003 (mean age 58, range 30–88). 39 women had chest wall data at last follow-up or death (median follow-up 22 months). Of these, 20 women underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor, and four (20%) had a disease-free chest wall, compared to 15/19 (79%) who did not undergo resection of the primary tumor (O.R. 0.073; 95% C.I. 0.010, 0.384, p=0.0004). In addition, the Gehan-Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference in time to first progression for patients who underwent surgical resection of the PT (p=0.04). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrate a median first progression time of 17 months for 43 patients in the resection group vs.11 months for 41 patients in the non-resection group. Overall survival was longer in those who had surgical resection of the PT (p=0.0122). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrate a median survival time of 26 months for the 43 patients in the resection group and 16 months for the 41 patients in the non-resection group. Conclusions: Resection of the primary tumor in women with Stage IV breast cancer appears to protect against uncontrolled chest wall disease, with increased overall survival. However, these data do not overcome inherent selection biases for surgical treatment, and a prospective randomized trial is needed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abnormal coronary flow reserve and abnormal radionuclide exercise test results in patients with normal coronary angiograms
Authors: Victor Legrand, John McB. Hodgson, Eric R. Bates, Fred M. Aueron, G.B. John Mancini, Joseph S. Smith, Milton D. Gross, Robert A. Vogel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
RELATION OF THE SIZE OF THE INOCULUM AND THE AGE OF THE INFECTION TO THE CURATIVE DOSE OF PENICILLIN IN EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE FEASIBILITY OF ITS PROPHYLACTIC USE
Authors: Harry Eagle, H. J. Magnuson, Ralph Fleischman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

1. A relatively small amount of penicillin sufficed to abort syphilitic infection in rabbits when administered during the incubation period of the disease. 2. The abortive dose, given as a single intramuscular injection in oil and beeswax, varied with the age of the infection. (a) With a fixed intratesticular inoculum, the amount of penicillin necessary to prevent infection in half the animals remained at a constant level for 4 days. By the end of the 2nd week more than seven times this dosage was needed; and by the 6th week, after the chancre had appeared, more than thirty times the amount was needed to obtain the same result. The progressive increase in the abortive dose of penicillin with the passage of time probably reflects the interim multiplication of organisms. (b) Qualitatively similar results were obtained in rabbits inoculated intracutaneously. 3. The abortive dose varied also with the size of the inoculum. In animals inoculated intracutaneously with 20, 2,000, and 200,000 spirochetes, and treated 4 days later, it required 200, 500, and 3,500 units per kg., respectively, to protect half the animals, and the corresponding PD(90) dosages were 500, 2,000, and 16,000 units per kg. 4. The present observations, indicating the ease of aborting experimental rabbit syphilis during the incubation period by a single injection of penicillin, are perhaps applicable to the prevention of the disease in man. 5. Asymptomatic infections were rare in animals receiving inadequate doses of penicillin during the incubation period. Sixty-four of sixty-five such animals developed darkfield-positive lesions at the inoculated site. In animals treated 6 weeks after inoculation, however, after the development of lesions, inadequate treatment was usually manifested by an asymptomatic redissemination of organisms demonstrable only by lymph node transfer. The difference in the two groups probably reflects the beginning development of immunity in the rabbits treated 6 weeks after inoculation. 6. As suggested by Rake and Dunham (11), the treatment of animals during the incubation period permits a rapid assay of antisyphilitic agents, and one which requires only small amounts of material. Possible limitations of the method are discussed in the text.
VISUAL REQUIREMENT IN THE PUBLIC SERVICES OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors: WILLIAM CAMPBELL POSEY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

I invite your attention to the consideration of the visual standards in the public services of the United States, the subject concerning which I have chosen to address you this afternoon. It occurred to me that it might be well to collate all the laws which the government has enacted regarding the visual requirements of those engaged in its public services. I was aware that this information had never been collected and placed in a readily accessible form, as I had frequently myself had difficulty in ascertaining what the standards of vision were, which governed the admission of cadets into our naval and military academies, or regulated the granting of licenses to pilots. With this idea in mind, and with the intention of laying the entire subject before the Section at this meeting, I devoted myself to the acquisition of as much information regarding the matter as was possible, and
Detection and characterization of acute myocardial infarction in man with use of gated magnetic resonance.
Authors: M T McNamara, C B Higgins, N Schechtmann, E Botvinick, M J Lipton, K Chatterjee, E G Amparo
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To evaluate the capability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection and characterization of alterations in signal intensity and T2 relaxation time in acutely infarcted relative to normal myocardium 16 adult patients and normal volunteers were studied by electrocardiographically gated proton MRI. The seven volunteers were entirely asymptomatic and had no history of cardiovascular abnormality. The nine patients had each suffered an acute myocardial infarction within 5 to 12 days before the MRI studies. The diagnosis in each patient was confirmed by electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria and elevated levels of fractionated creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes. Electrocardiographically gated MRI was performed with a superconducting system operating at 0.35 tesla. MRI demonstrated infarcted myocardium as a region of high signal intensity relative to that of adjacent normal myocardium; regions of high intensity corresponded anatomically to the site of infarction as defined by the ECG changes. The mean percent difference between normal and infarcted myocardium was substantially greater on 56 msec images (70.2 +/- 21.3%) compared with 28 msec images (27.1 +/- 13.6%). Region of interest analysis revealed that infarcted myocardium had a significantly (p less than .01) prolonged T2 relaxation time (mean T2 = 80.9 msec) relative to that in normal myocardium (mean T2 = 42.3 msec) and relative to the mean T2 of left ventricular myocardium in the volunteers (mean T2 = 42.4 msec). An additional finding for each patient with myocardial infarction was a high intraluminal flow signal on 56 msec images, but this was also observed in normal subjects and is therefore a nonspecific finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Strain-Specific Variation in Murine Natural Killer Gene Complex Contributes to Differences in Immunosurveillance for Urethane-Induced Lung Cancer
Authors: Daniel Kreisel, Andrew E. Gelman, Ryuji Higashikubo, Xue Lin, Haris G. Vikis, J. Michael White, Kelsey A. Toth, Charuhas Deshpande, Beatriz M. Carreno, Ming You, Samantha M. Taffner, Wayne M. Yokoyama, Jack D. Bui, Robert D. Schreiber, Alexander S. Krupnick
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and results from a complex interaction between carcinogen exposure and inherent susceptibility. Despite its prevalence, genetic factors that predispose to the development of lung cancer remain elusive. Inbred mouse models offer a unique and clinically relevant tool to study genetic factors that contribute to lung carcinogenesis due to the development of tumors that resemble human adenocarcinoma and broad strain-specific variation in cancer incidence after carcinogen administration. Here, we set out to investigate whether strain-specific variability in tumor immunosurveillance contributes to differences in lung cancer. Using bone marrow transplantation, we determined that hematopoietic cells from lung cancer-resistant mice could significantly impede the development of cancer in a susceptible strain. Furthermore, we show that this is not due to differences in tumor-promoting inflammatory changes or variability in immunosurveillance by the adaptive immune system but results from strain-specific differences in natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. Using a newly discovered congenic strain of mice, we show a previously unrecognized role for strain-specific polymorphisms in the natural killer gene complex (NKC) in immunosurveillance for carcinogen-induced lung cancer. Because polymorphisms in the NKC are highly prevalent in man, our data may explain why certain individuals without obvious risk factors develop lung cancer whereas others remain resistant to the disease despite heavy environmental carcinogen exposure.
PWE-120 Liver Biopsy Using 16 G Needle: A Comparative Study
Authors: M Kumar, A Andi, S Lucas, M Wilkinson, I Ahmad, T Sabharwal, T Wong
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Liver biopsy is considered gold standard tool to investigate liver disease and provides valuable information which guides management<sup>1</sup>.Currently most liver biopsies in UK are performed under ultrasound guidance using size 18 guage needles but the adequacy of biopsy specimen varies and sometimes suboptimal. The British Royal College of Pathologists recommend a specimen size of at least 1 cm and a minimum of 6 portal tracts <sup>2</sup>, whereas the AASLD guidelines recommend a biopsy length of 2 cm, a minimum of 11 portal tracts for histological diagnosis and using 16 guage needle.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective data from ultrasound guided liver biopsies performed in 2011 using 16 gauge co -axial biopsy needle was collected from radiology and pathology databases. Adequacy of biopsy specimen, diagnostic and complication rates were analysed and results compared to a similar group of patients in 18 gauge group at a tertiary centre in London. <h3>Results</h3> 50 biopsies (n = 50)compared from both groups. Mean age 48 years (range 24–85).56% were females (n = 28).Indications were chronic hepatitis B (n = 20), chronic hepatitis C (n = 9), NASH (n = 5), focal liver lesions (n = 5), haemochromotosis (n = 2), PBC/AIH (n = 2) and others (n = 7).All biopsies were performed by radiology fellows or consultants.90%were non-targeted (n = 45) and majority were taken from the right lobe. The mean number of cores obtained in 16 gauge group were 2.08(range 1–5) as compared to 1.46 (range 1–4) in 18 gauge group. The mean length of specimen in the 16 gauge group was 14 mm and the mean (±SD) number of portal tracts per biopsy were 15 (±8.145) as compared to 7.5 (±4.47)in the 18G group (p &lt; 0.001).The specimen was diagnostic in 96% in 16 gauge group as compared to 90% in 18 gauge group.5 patients had metastatic lesions and were excluded from analysis. There were no major complications in either groups and one patient in the 16 G group died due to underlying metastatic cancer within 30 days of biopsy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Liver biopsy performed using 16 gauge co-axial needle improves specimen quality and increases diagnosis rate significantly compared to 18 gauge needle. Despite being a larger bore needle, it is not associated with an increased rate of complications. We recommend using 16 gauge co-axial needles routinely for percutaneous liver biopsies. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Guidelines on the use of Liver Biopsy in Clinical Practice: 2004. British Society Of Gastroenterology: (www.bsg.org.uk) Tissue pathways for liver biopsies for the investigation of medical disease and for focal lesions: GO64, May 2008, The Royal College of Pathologists Liver Biopsy :AASLD position statement : Don C. Rockey, Stephen H. Caldwell, Zachary D. Goodman, Rendon C. Nelson, Alastair D. Smith;HEPATOLOGY, Vol. 49, No. 3, 2009