tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COX-2 Inhibitors and Ligaments
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Specific Treatment of Syphilitic Aortitis
Authors: R. H. KAMPMEIER, HUGH J. MORGAN
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Penicillin has made the specific treatment of cardiovascular syphilis easy to give and easy to take and has all but abolished dangerous treatment reactions. Just as the curative therapy of acute syphilis with penicillin is simple and feasible, so is the prophylactic treatment of cardiovascular syphilis in individuals with latent syphilis and uncomplicated syphilitic aortitis simple and feasible. In spite of the fact that the effectiveness of such treatment has not been conclusively established, the prospects seem bright that the incidence of cardiovascular syphilis will decrease sharply in the immediate future. Cardiovascular syphilis may be treated, with or without preliminary bismuth and iodide "preparation," by the administration of 4.8 to 6 million units of penicillin in a period of 8 to 10 days. Larger doses and longer periods of treatment have been employed. Experience thus far does not indicate that penicillin therapy of established complications of syphilitic aortitis will be any more successful than was therapy of the pre-penicillin era.
Massive Bleeding From Hemorrhoidal Varices in Portal Hypertension
Authors: Aron Mashiah
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The article by Johansen et al (1980;244:2084) reports an instance of massive bleeding from hemorrhoidal varices in portal hypertension. We would like to suggest an alternative way of treating such a condition, by means of cryosurgery and without any anesthesia.  Report of Cases.—Case 1.—  A 61-year-old man with known alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, and esophageal varices was admitted to our hospital because of weakness and rectal bleeding. For several months before admission he had suffered daily rectal bleeding, with blood loss serious enough to cause a fall in his hematocrit value to 18% to 20%, and on several occasions he had needed blood replacement. A physical examination showed three groups of edematous and dilated rectal varices, one of which bled easily on anoscopy. With the patient in the left lateral position, and without any premedication or anesthetic, cryosurgery was performed, using a nitrous oxide
Gene-modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Against Radiation-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Jianxin Xue, Xin Li, You Lu, Lu Gan, Lin Zhou, Yongsheng Wang, Jie Lan, Shurui Liu, Lan Sun, Li Jia, Xianming Mo, Jian Li
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) presents a common and major obstacle in the radiotherapy of thoracic cancers. The aim of this study was to examine whether RILI could be alleviated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing soluble transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type II receptor via an adenovirus (Ad-sTβR). Here, we systemically administered male MSCs into female mice challenged with thoracic irradiation. The data showed that either MSCs or Ad-sTβR transduced MSCs (Ad-sTβR-MSCs) specifically migrated into radiation-injured lung. Ad-sTβR-MSCs obviously alleviated lung injury, as reflected by survival and histopathology data, as well as the assays of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyproline, plasma cytokines, and the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, MSCs and Ad-sTβR-MSCs could adopt the characteristics of alveolar type II (ATII) cells. However, the MSCs levels in the lungs were relatively low to account for the noted therapeutic effects, suggesting the presence of other mechanisms. In vivo, MSCs-conditioned medium (MSCs CM) significantly attenuated RILI. In vitro, MSCs CM protected ATII cells against radiation-induced apoptosis and DNA damage, and modulated the inflammatory response, indicating the beneficial effects of MSCs are largely due to its paracrine activity. Our results provide a novel insight for RILI therapy that currently lack efficient treatments.
Skin Reactivity in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Michael W. Johnson, Howard I. Maibach, Sydney E. Salmon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

DEPRESSION of the delayed hypersensitivity response in patients with advanced cancer has been observed by a number of investigators.1 2 3 4 The chemical hapten 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) has been used widely for studies of such patients. The response can be quantitated, and almost all normal persons can be sensitized2 , 5; in addition, use of DNCB eliminates the problem of determining whether the patient has been exposed to any of the commonly used skin-test antigens. Furthermore, the majority of patients reacting to common antigens also react to DNCB.2 A correlation between reactivity to DNCB and prognosis in patients with cancer led Eilber and Morton . . .
Growth-related alterations during liver carcinogenesis: effect of promoters.
Authors: P O Seglen, P Gerlyng
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Bromodeoxyuridine labeling of DNA, binuclearity counting, and flow cytometric analysis of isolated hepatocytes and hepatocyte nuclei has been used to assess hepatocellular growth patterns related to liver carcinogenesis. Three growth patterns can be distinguished. Mononucleating growth is observed during liver regeneration and after treatment with the tumor promoter 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and its analogue 4-AAF. In this growth mode binucleation does not occur, resulting in a decrease in the fraction of binucleated cells. Binucleating growth is observed during normal liver development and after treatment with compounds such as phenobarbital, characterized by progressive polyploidization and maintenance of a binucleated cell fraction. Diploid growth is the growth pattern of neoplastic liver hepatocytes. Most of the cells in neoplastic lesions (foci, nodules, and carcinomas) are diploid, in contrast to the normal liver. Diploid tumor cells have a much higher proliferative activity than tetraploid tumor cells, suggesting that the latter may possess a limited growth potential that makes abrogation of binucleation proliferatively advantageous.
RNA Expression of the WT1 Gene in Wilms' Tumors in Relation to Histology
Authors: H. Miwa, G. E. Tomlinson, C. F. Timmons, V. Huff, S. L. Cohn, L. C. Strong, G. F. Saunders
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background: On the basis of accumulating data, the recently isolated WT1 gene is a Wilms’ tumor gene and a putative tumor suppressor gene. These findings include expression in developing fetal kidney, intragenic deletions in tumors, and germline mutations in predisposed individuals. Wilms‘ tumors, which exhibit a broad range of differentiation, are composed of three cell types: blastema, epithelium, and stro-ma. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between WT1 gene expression and histo-logic composition in Wilms’ tumors in an effort to elucidate how the WT1 gene functions in proliferation of these histologic components. Methods: We used Northern blot hybridization to study WTlgene expression by messenger RNA (mRNA) accumulation in 20 tumors of varying histology and in adjacent uninvolved kidney tissue. In two patients, tumors were also compared before and after therapy. Results: Tumors that were predominantly blaste-mal expressed high amounts of WT1 mRNA, whereas predominantly stro-mal tumors expressed either low or un-detectable amounts. Blastemal tumors that were predominantly poorly differentiated expressed WT1 mRNA at higher levels than those that were more well differentiated. Although we expected that a putative tumor suppressor gene like WT1 would generally be expressed at lower levels in tumor than in normal kidney, this was true only in predominantly stromal cells. One of the two patients studied before and after therapy had a dramatic response to therapy accompanied by a decline in WT1 gene expression and disappearance of blastemal and epithelial elements. Conclusions: A correlation was observed between WT1 gene expression and histology of the tumors. Level of expression was inversely related to the degree of differentiation in blastemal tumors and in the patient with a dramatic response to therapy. These results, in conjunction with the observation that WT1 mRNA is abundant in normal fetal kidney, suggest that WT1 gene expression is related to kidney development, especially in differentiation of blastemal components. Implications: Further studies to search for alterations of the WT1 gene in tumors and to identify regulatory factors in gene expression will increase understanding of the role of this gene in normal development and tumorigenesis. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 181–187, 1992]
Lymphocytes from the site of disease but not blood lymphocytes indicate the cause of arthritis.
Authors: D K Ford, D da Roza, M Schulzer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The [3H]thymidine uptake procedure for measuring lymphocyte responses was applied to lymphocytes derived concurrently from synovial effusions and from peripheral blood.The stimulating antigens were crude preparations of those micro-organisms that are related to the enteritis and the non-gonococcal urethritis that precipitate reactive arthritis.Salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter antigens stimulated synovial but not peripheral blood lymphocytes in eight cases of enteric reactive arthritis.Ureaplasma or chlamydia antigens, or both, stimulated synovial lymphocytes in all 12 cases of sexually transmitted reactive arthritis, whereas peripheral blood lymphocytes were only stimulated in four of the 12 cases.In 14 cases of rheumatoid arthritis reactions to either enteric or ureaplasma/chlamydia antigens were minimal from either synovial or peripheral blood lymphocytes.It is concluded that synovial rather than peripheral blood lymphocytes indicate the microbiological cause of reactive arthritis and that similar studies of lymphocytes from the site of local disease might be productive in other diseases.
Zimbabwe's health system is beginning to function again
Authors: K. Adams
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I was apprehensive as I returned to Zimbabwe in May this year. I had last visited in November 2008, a low point in Zimbabwe’s recent history, and wrote a personal view about my visit ( BMJ 2008;337:a2637, doi:10.1136/bmj.a2637). At that time the country had hyperinflation, there was no food in the shops, people were hungry and depressed, and the health system was in a near state of collapse.

The Government of National Unity, a coalition between Robert Mugabe’s ZANU-PF party and Morgan Tsvangirai’s Movement for Democratic Change, was formed in February 2009. Soon after, the Zimbabwean dollar was suspended after a period of hyperinflation, which became so out of control that at one point one South African rand was worth 50 trillion Zimbabwean dollars. No one could continue to trade under these extreme conditions, so adoption of the US dollar eased the crisis. 

Arriving in Bulawayo I immediately noticed more vehicles. Petrol is now available, and more trading is taking place. Communication is much easier now that Econet, a telecommunications …
Abstract 2872: Effects of ethanol and folate on peripubertal mouse mammary gland
Authors: Patricia A. Masso-Welch, Menachem E. Tobias, Shyam C. Vasantha Kumar, Judith Tamburlin, Stephen T. Koury
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Alcohol consumption has been clearly linked with increased breast cancer risk in women, with risks incurred even at low levels of consumption. The proposed mechanisms whereby ethanol exerts its effects include decreased folate levels and diminished DNA repair capacity, coupled with acetaldehyde-generated DNA damage. Based on these proposed mechanisms, we hypothesized that ethanol would have increased deleterious effects during periods of rapid mammary gland epithelial proliferation, such as peripuberty. We also hypothesized that folate deficiency alone might mimic the effects of ethanol, and that folate deficiency would exacerbate the effects of ethanol. CD2/F1 female mice (N=8 per group) were pair-fed control and ethanol-containing liquid diets +/− 0.2g/L folate supplementation from 5 weeks until 9 weeks of age. Mice were sacrificed after this 4 week feeding regimen, and mammary glands were harvested for preparation of whole mounts and paraffin sections. Folate levels of liver and kidney were assessed to verify folate status. Analysis of mammary gland whole mounts revealed that mammary gland structure was significantly altered in folate-replete mice fed ethanol, compared to control-fed mice (no ethanol/ folate-replete). These ethanol/folate replete mice showed an increased total number of ductal branches, due to an increased number of terminal short branches; no effect was seen on the number of terminal end buds or primitive alveolar buds. Systematic histological analysis of paraffin sections using NIH Image J software revealed that diets containing ethanol in the presence of folate significantly increased the total number of ducts, ductal epithelial area, and number of ducts with epithelial multilayering. These results demonstrate that folate deficiency alone does not mimic the effects of ethanol, and that folate deficiency in the presence of ethanol blocks proliferative effects of ethanol on the mammary ductal tree. Future studies are examining the effects of peripubertal ethanol and folate exposure on gene expression in the mouse mammary gland. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2872.
FDA Approves New HIV Drug
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Mechanism of the Leukocytosis in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.
Authors: Peter R. Galbraith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965The Mechanism of the Leukocytosis in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.Peter R. Galbraith, M.D., Leslie S. Valberg, M.D., Peter H. Gruner, M.D., G. Malcolm Brown, M.D., F.A.C.P.Peter R. Galbraith, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leslie S. Valberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Peter H. Gruner, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. Malcolm Brown, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1085_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLeukokinetic studies were performed in 11 subjects with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) by labeling leukocytes in vitro with diisopropyl fluorophosphate and returning them to the circulation. In contrast to normal subjects, in whom leukocytes disappeared in a random fashion with a mean half time (T ½) of 6.44 hours, the average T ½ of CML leukocytes was 106 hours. Normal isologous leukocytes transfused into CML subjects survived normally. Analysis of the leukocyte survival data indicated that the persistance of labeled immature cells could not account for the total amount of leukocyte radioactivity that remained in the blood for prolonged periods.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Peter R. Galbraith, M.D.; Leslie S. Valberg, M.D.; Peter H. Gruner, M.D.; G. Malcolm Brown, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Kingston, Ontario, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byReduced Number of Peripheral Blood Granulocytes in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia during Administration of Clofazimine (B 663)Return of Leucocytes to the Bone Marrow in Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1085-1085KeywordsBlood cellsCellsChronic myelocytic leukemiaChronic myelogenous leukemiaLeukocytosisSurvival analysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
A mechanistic role for cardiac myocyte apoptosis in heart failure
Authors: Detlef Wencker, Madhulika Chandra, Khanh Nguyen, Wenfeng Miao, Stavros Garantziotis, Stephen M. Factor, Jamshid Shirani, Robert C. Armstrong, Richard N. Kitsis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Heart failure is a common, lethal condition whose pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recent studies have identified low levels of myocyte apoptosis (80–250 myocytes per 105 nuclei) in failing human hearts. It remains unclear, however, whether this cell death is a coincidental finding, a protective process, or a causal component in pathogenesis. Using transgenic mice that express a conditionally active caspase exclusively in the myocardium, we demonstrate that very low levels of myocyte apoptosis (23 myocytes per 105 nuclei, compared with 1.5 myocytes per 105 nuclei in controls) are sufficient to cause a lethal, dilated cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, these levels are four- to tenfold lower than those observed in failing human hearts. Conversely, inhibition of cardiac myocyte death in this murine model largely prevents the development of cardiac dilation and contractile dysfunction, the hallmarks of heart failure. To our knowledge, these data provide the first direct evidence that myocyte apoptosis may be a causal mechanism of heart failure, and they suggest that inhibition of this cell death process may constitute the basis for novel therapies.
Infection with Animal Helminths
Authors: R. M. Arnold
Journal: BMJ (1964)

1~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL uterine haemorrhage in several instances of chorioncarcinoma.Toxic effects with this form of treatment are usually slight or absent, and it lacks the finality of hysterectomy on the patient's child-bearing capacity.The risks and unpleasantness of systemic chemotherapy are not to be underestimated, but when it offers a substantial expectation of cure and of further normal pregnancies it would be unfortunate if serious delays in its application result from any impression that it is a fate wores than death.-Iam, etc.,
Hospital at home for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review of evidence
Authors: Felix S F Ram, Jadwiga A Wedzicha, John Wright, Michael Greenstone
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To evaluate the efficacy of hospital at home schemes compared with inpatient care in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). <b>Design</b> A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Mortality and readmission to hospital. <b>Results</b> Seven trials with 754 patients were included in the review. Hospital readmission and mortality were not significantly different when hospital at home schemes were compared with inpatient care (relative risk 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.12, and 0.61, 0.36 to 1.05, respectively). However, compared with inpatient care, hospital at home schemes were associated with substantial cost savings as well as freeing up hospital inpatient beds. <b>Conclusions</b> Hospital at home schemes can be safely used to care for patients with acute exacerbations of COPD who would otherwise be admitted to hospital. Clinicians should consider this form of management, especially as there is increasing pressure for inpatient beds in the United Kingdom.
Inhibition of myo-inositol transport causes acute renal failure with selective medullary injury in the rat
Authors: Hiroshi Kitamura, Atsushi Yamauchi, Toshihiro Sugiura, Yasuko Matsuoka, Masaru Horio, Masaya Tohyama, Shoichi Shimada, Enyu Imai, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
The effect of rhGM‐CSF on the proliferation of osteogenic sarcoma cells
Authors: W. Jeffrey Baker, Jeffrey B. Hargis, Romano Danesi, Renato V. La Rocca
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) promotes the growth of a variety of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, both benign and malignant. There is now evidence that osteoblast-like cells produce GM-CSF and their growth is stimulated by this cytokine in vitro. We have studied the effect of rhGM-CSF on DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in the human osteogenic sarcoma cell lines U-20S, G-292, MG-63, and HOS. RhGM-CSF stimulated a dose-dependent increase in radioactive thymidine incorporation in each of the four cell lines in the presence of serum-free media, and in two cell lines (HOS and U-20S) in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). In addition, rhGM-CSF produced significant increases in cell proliferation in two cell lines (MG-63 and U-20S) in the presence of 2% FBS. These results suggest that GM-CSF may have an important role in the biology of human osteogenic sarcoma cells. The clinical implications of these findings merit further investigation.