tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antiangiogenic Potential of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Temsirolimus
Authors: Donatella Del Bufalo, Ludovica Ciuffreda, Daniela Trisciuoglio, Marianna Desideri, Francesco Cognetti, Gabriella Zupi, Michele Milella
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is increasingly recognized as a master regulator of fundamental cellular functions, whose deregulation may underlie neoplastic transformation and progression. Hence, mTOR has recently emerged as a promising target for therapeutic anticancer interventions in several human tumors, including breast cancer. Here, we investigated the antiangiogenic potential of temsirolimus (also known as CCI-779), a novel mTOR inhibitor currently in clinical development for the treatment of breast cancer and other solid tumors. Consistent with previous reports, sensitivity to temsirolimus-mediated growth inhibition varied widely among different breast cancer cell lines and was primarily due to inhibition of proliferation with little, if any, effect on apoptosis induction. In the HER-2 gene–amplified breast cancer cell line BT474, temsirolimus inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in vitro under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions through inhibition of hypoxia-stimulated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression and transcriptional activation. Interestingly, these effects were also observed in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, independent of its inherent sensitivity to the growth-inhibitory effects of temsirolimus. A central role for mTOR (and the critical regulator of cap-dependent protein translation, eIF4E) in the regulation of VEGF production by BT474 cells was further confirmed using a small interfering RNA approach to silence mTOR and eIF4E protein expression. In addition to its effect on HIF-1α–mediated VEGF production, temsirolimus also directly inhibited serum- and/or VEGF-driven endothelial cell proliferation and morphogenesis in vitro and vessel formation in a Matrigel assay in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that antiangiogenic effects may substantially contribute to the antitumor activity observed with temsirolimus in breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5549-54)
CME Credits for Cleaning the “Med Closet”
Authors: Donald Liss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 February 1993CME Credits for Cleaning the “Med Closet”Donald Liss, MDDonald Liss, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Because many continuing medical education (CME) activities are clinically useless, I suggest a truly practical one. Most practices store pharmaceutical samples in a “med closet”—often poorly organized and cluttered. Many drugs are rarely used, and many are inappropriate to provide as samples. The ACP should extend CME credits for the academic cleaning and organizing of the “med closet.” All physicians and nonphysician practitioners would be required to gather in the “med closet” to review the samples by class and to determine a practice formulary, thereby creating a lively debate about efficacy, effectiveness, cost, side effects, anecdotal experience, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1993Volume 118, Issue 3Page: 232KeywordsDrugsMedical educationReasoning Issue Published: 1 February 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Left Ventricular Tension and Stress in Man
Authors: Harold Sandler, Harold T. Dodge
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

A method is described for calculating tension and stress acting within the wall of the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle. This method is based upon ventricular pressure observations and measurements of left ventricular dimensions and wall thickness made from biplane angiocardiograms. To calculate wall tension and stress, it is assumed that the left ventricle can be represented as an ellipsoid of revolution with a relatively thin wall. The relative importance of ventricular pressure, volume, shape and wall thickness in determining the magnitude of wall tension and stress is illustrated and discussed.
Immunity to Cancer
Authors: M. D. Innis
Journal: BMJ (1969)

These were the war and postwar years when refined sugar was rationed and our bread contained more natural fibre.The correction of colonic stasis by the addition of sufficient bran to the diet relieves the pain of diverticular disease.Therefore, not only is there a great deal of evidence that a low residue diet causes the disease, but also that a high residue diet would prevent its appearance.Furthermore, the addition of roughage to the diet in the form of wholemeal bread and additional bran is of benefit even when the disease is already established and is causing symptoms.-Iam, etc.,
Comparison of peptides bound to spleen and thymus class II.
Authors: P Marrack, L Ignatowicz, J W Kappler, J Boymel, J H Freed
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

In the past we and others have suggested that positive selection of developing thymocytes may depend upon interaction between the alpha beta receptors on these cells and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins bound to peptides found uniquely in the selecting tissue, thymus cortical epithelium. To test this hypothesis, peptides were isolated from MHC class II proteins of spleen, thymus cortical plus medullary epithelium, or thymus cortical epithelium alone. The results showed that the major peptides bound to class II on thymus cortical epithelium were also associated with spleen class II. Some peptides could only be detected in isolates from spleen, probably because of differences in the distribution or uptake of the donor proteins between spleen and thymus. Thus, although we found some tissue-specific distribution of self-peptides, our data suggest that there are no fundamental differences among these tissues in the occupancy of class II MHC by self-peptides. These results limit hypotheses which depend on a specialized mechanism of peptide generation and/or MHC class II loading to account for the positive selection of T cells on thymic cortical epithelium.
The role of epidemiology in the detection of harmful effects of radiation.
Authors: A Stewart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Data relating to acute injuries of atomic bomb survivors show that the life span study cohort is biased in favor of exceptionally low levels of radiosensitivity. These data also show that factors influencing the death rates of this cohort include irreversible damage to the immune system. These impressions are still awaiting confirmation. Meanwhile, the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers and surveys of nuclear workers show that at low dose levels the cancer risk is much greater than estimates based on atomic bomb survivors; the special association between leukemia and radiation is an exclusively high dose effect, and levels of radiosensitivity are much lower in the middle of the life span than at either extreme.
Thyroid Failure and Protirelin (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone) Test Abnormalities in Depressed Outpatients
Authors: Harvey A. Sternbach
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Forty-four consecutive outpatients referred to a psychiatric hospital for evaluation of depression and anergia were assessed by means of the protirelin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) test. Nineteen patients (43%) had a blunted thyrotropin (TSH) response to protirelin, while six patients (13.5%) had augmented TSH responses indicating some degree of hypothyroidism. One patient had a low thyroxine level, while three patients had elevated basal TSH levels. Five of the six patients with augmented TSH responses were found to have antithyroid antibodies. These results suggest that a majority of depressed outpatients have abnormalities on the protirelin test and that the TSH response to protirelin is useful in both confirming a diagnosis of major depression and assessing thyroid status.
Presence of p16 hypermethylation and Epstein–Barr virus infection in transplant-associated hematolymphoid neoplasm of the skin
Authors: Jack L. Arbiser, Karen P. Mann, Elizabeth M. Losken, Cynthia Cohen, Kalpana Reddy, Kenneth Kokko, Brian Pollack, Chung-Yang Fan, Fiona O'Reilly
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Femoral vs Jugular Venous Catheterization for Short-term Dialysis Access
Authors: Lewis Eisen
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cradle to Grave
Authors: C. Martin
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An art installation at the “Living and Dying” exhibition at the Wellcome Trust Gallery, the British Museum, London www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/livinganddying/index.html www.cradletograve.org/ Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img> A 1936 photograph of CM's mother and her friends is included in Cradle to Grave. The inaugural display in a new series of long term exhibitions at the British Museum explores the diverse ways in which people deal with the challenges of everyday life. “Living and Dying” particularly looks at how different cultures strive to gain and maintain a sense of wellbeing. Artefacts from the museum's ethnographic collections illustrate the values that indigenous people attach to their environment, their spiritual beliefs, and each other. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
For a National Bureau of Health.
Authors: C. Henri Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1898)

medico-military situation and the pitiable condition of our wounded or sun-stricken soldiers.He says:The first division of our troops landed at Baiquiri and ad¬ vanced swiftly to Siboney, which it occupied without resist¬ ance.On the 24th, the transport Alleghany, upon which I was, with other members of General Wheeler's staff, steamed down to Siboney, but it was only on the morning of the 25th that I was able to make a landing.This landing was accele¬ rated by the news, brought by a newspaper man, of the fight which had taken place the day before in the jungle of Guacima.Fortunately we had kept on the upper deck, in an accessible place, three medical and surgical chests, quite a lot of addi¬ tional articles, a small bale of blankets and a few litters.All these we quickly transferred to a row-boat and successfully landed, so that there was no suffering, at any time, among my patients due to any want of medical attendance, medicines or dressings.We also had an abundance of rations, which were cooked and served without counting.A large store-room, much dilapidated but with plenty of
Problems in Developing a Respiratory Vaccine
Authors: Te-Wen Chang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Humoral antibodies against viral invasion may be classified according to whether they are local (primarily of IgA type), intravascular (IgM, IgA and IgG) and interstitial (IgA and IgG). Because of these differences in sites, there is a strategic importance of each type of immunoglobulins in defense against viral invasion.The first line of defense is at the portal of entry. In man, the nasopharynx is the prime portal for invasion by most viruses. Here, the virus replicates and then is disseminated to different organs, disturbances in which are responsible for the characteristic clinical pictures. Circulating and interstitial antibodies have an . . .
On abandoning ties and avoiding nose rings: ... and economic analysis of tie wearing might be interesting
Authors: A. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—With reference to Dobson's news item,1 I am shocked and amazed that no one seems to have considered the economic implications of a change in dress code for doctors, given the importance of health economics in today's climate. When I used to work as a medical writer in a large company, I had to wear a tie every day. Now that I run …
<i>FLT3</i> mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Naval Daver, Paolo Strati, Elias Jabbour, Tapan Kadia, Raja Luthra, Sa Wang, Keyur Patel, Farhad Ravandi, Jorge Cortes, Xiao Qin Dong, Hagop Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia‐Manero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

FMS-like tyrosine kinase III (FLT3) mutations occur in one-third of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and predict poor outcome. The incidence and impact of FLT3 in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is unknown. We conducted a retrospective review to identify WHO MDS and CMML patients with FLT3 mutations at diagnosis. A total of 2,119 patients with MDS and 466 patients with CMML were evaluated at MD Anderson between 1997 and 2010. Of these, FLT3 mutation analysis was performed on 1,232 (58%) MDS and 302 (65%) CMML patients. FLT3 mutations were identified in 12 (0.95%) MDS patients: 9 (75%) had FLT3-ITD mutation and 3 had FLT3-tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutation. MDS patients with FLT3 mutations were younger (P = 0.02) and presented as RAEB (P = 0.03) more frequently. Median overall survival (OS) for FLT3-mutated MDS patients was 19.0 months versus 16.4 months for FLT3-nonmutated MDS patients (P = 0.08). FLT3 mutations were identified in 13 (4.3%) CMML patients: 8 had FLT3-ITD mutation and 5 had FLT3-TKD mutation. There were no significant differences in demographic and disease characteristics among CMML patients with and without FLT3 mutations. Median OS for FLT3-mutated CMML patients was 10.8 months versus 21.3 months for FLT3-nonmutated CMML patients (P = 0.12). FLT3 occurs in MDS and CMML at a lower frequency than AML and does not predict poor outcome.
Small bowel perforation caused by an impacted endocapsule
Authors: S. Um, H. Poblete, J. Zavotsky
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Capsule endoscopy has become a common diagnostic study to evaluate small-bowel lesions. One of its major complications is small-bowel obstruction due to capsule impaction [1]. So far, there have been two documented cases of small-bowel perforation caused by the impacted capsule [2] [3]. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with Crohn's disease who presented with acute abdominal pain and vomiting. CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed small-bowel obstruction with a metallic foreign body in the distal ileum ([Fig. 1] and [2]). Seventeen days earlier, the patient had undergone capsule endoscopy for evaluation of persistent diarrhea related to Crohn's disease, which revealed multiple strictures in the small-bowel.
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF VARIOUS PLATELET FUNCTION TESTS ON ST-SEGMENT RESOLUTION AND CLINICAL OUTCOME IN STEMI PATIENTS RANDOMIZED TO EITHER DUAL OR TRIPLE ANTIPLATELET THERAPY: THE ONTIME2 PLATELET FUNCTION SUBSTUDY
Authors: Heleen J. Bouman, Jochem W. van Werkum, Jaap J. Smit, Nicoline J. Breet, Sonja Postma, Ton Heestermans, Jurriën M. ten Berg, Robbert Slingerland, Christian M. Hackeng, Christian Hamm, Arnoud van ‘t Hof
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Combination Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 93-10
Authors: Lisa M. DeAngelis, Wendy Seiferheld, S. Clifford Schold, Barbara Fisher, Christopher J. Schultz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive primary brain tumor. Cranial irradiation alone rarely results in long-term disease control or prolonged survival. We prospectively studied the use of combination chemotherapy plus cranial irradiation in newly diagnosed patients with PCNSL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 102 newly diagnosed, immunocompetent patients with PCNSL; 98 were assessable. Patients first received five cycles of methotrexate 2.5 g/m 2 , vincristine, procarbazine, and intraventricular methotrexate (12 mg). Whole-brain radiotherapy (RT) was administered to a total dose of 45 Gy and all patients received high-dose cytarabine after RT. RESULTS: Fifty-eight percent of patients with measurable disease had a complete response to preirradiation chemotherapy and 36% had a partial (&gt; 50%) response, for a 94% response rate. Median progression-free survival was 24.0 months and overall survival was 36.9 months. Age was an important prognostic factor; median survival was 50.4 months in patients younger than 60 and only 21.8 months in those aged 60 or older (P &lt; .001). Fifty-three percent of patients had grade 3 or 4 toxicity during induction chemotherapy, half of which was hematologic. However, 12 patients (15%) experienced severe delayed neurologic toxicity, eight of whom died. CONCLUSION: This is the first multicenter trial demonstrating improved survival with the combination of chemotherapy plus RT compared with previous reports of RT alone. A high-dose methotrexate-based regimen produced a high response rate before RT was administered. High-dose methotrexate combined with cranial irradiation is an effective therapeutic approach to PCNSL, but neurotoxicity is a delayed risk of this approach.
REMARKS ON THE CAUSES OF GLAUCOMA.
Authors: LEARTUS CONNOR
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Judged by its literature, the causation of glaucoma is unsettled. No effort to harmonize undoubted facts has met with general support. Whether glaucoma is a deformity or a disease, remains an open question. Thus Priestly Smith and his followers claim that glaucoma is a deformity of the eyeball, that an engorgement of the blood vessels in the posterior chamber pushes forward the lens and crowds the ciliary body and iris into the anterior angle, effectually blocking the outlet from the eye for the intraocular secretion. From the resultant intraocular tension he deduces the phenomena of primary glaucoma. The failure of this view to account for glaucomatous attacks in the young, in persons having no iris, in cases of intraocular tumor or dislocated lens, etc., has prevented its universal acceptance. Of those holding that glaucoma is a disease, part affirm that it is purely local; and part that it is the
A PROGRAM FOR "SEXUAL PSYCHOPATHS" IN A STATE MENTAL HOSPITAL
Authors: DANIEL LIEBERMAN, BENJAMIN A. SIEGEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

This paper reports a program for sex offenders at a state hospital in California during the 2 fiscal years July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1954. The elements of the California law are outlined, including the determination of "sexual psychopathy," the basis of jurisdiction, the court medical examination and qualification of examiners, the disposition of the sex offender, the procedure for release from the hospital, and the voluntary commitment procedure. The California "sexual psychopath" program is administered by the state hospitals, and is divided into 2 major phases: (1) commitment for a 90-day observation period, and (2) commitment for an indeterminate period of treatment. The first phase determines if the sex offender is a "sexual psychopath" as defined by law. If he is found to qualify and if he is likely to benefit by treatment he enters the hospital on an indeterminate basis and becomes a treatment patient. Of the sex crimes perpetrated by 284 patients studied during this 2-year period over 50% involved children under the age of 14. For the most part, this pedophiliac activity did not include sexual intercourse. During the period of observation approximately one-half of the patients were selected to continue treatment in the hospital. The remainder were returned to court as either not being amenable to treatment or not fulfilling the criteria of a "sexual psychopath." A seasonal incidence of sex offenders was also noted with decreased admissions during the winter months. The 284 cases were classified according to 4 groups: (1) The normal; (2) the constitutionally abnormal; (3) the neurotic; and (4) the group with deteriorated ego control. About 70% of the cases fall into the neurotic group, which includes both the neuroses and some of the personality disorders. The details of the treatment program are outlined, and our data indicate that intensive psychiatric treatment for the sex offender is justified. The program was structured with emphasis on group psychotherapy with extensive adjunctive aid, such as occupational and recreational therapy. During the period of intensive treatment approximately three-quarters of the patients were discharged as improved. During the early part of the program, before intensive treatment was instituted, fewer than 50% were discharged as improved. For this study to be complete, it will be necessary to follow closely for a prolonged period patients who have been released as improved. Preliminary studies indicate a low percentage of recidivism.
Analysis of uveitis rates across all etanercept ankylosing spondylitis clinical trials
Authors: J Sieper, A Koenig, S Baumgartner, C Wishneski, J Foehl, B Vlahos, B Freundlich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objective: To assess uveitis (including iritis and iridocyclitis) incidence from clinical trials of etanercept in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Clinical trials of etanercept in AS (four placebo-controlled; one active-controlled; three open-label) were examined for reports of uveitis. Between-group differences with confidence intervals (CIs) in the uveitis rates were calculated for the double-blind, active-controlled and long-term studies. Results: In placebo-controlled trials, the uveitis rate per 100 subject years (95% CI) for etanercept (8.6 (4.5 to 14.2)) was lower than that for placebo (19.3 (11.0 to 29.8), p = 0.03). In the active comparator trial, rates for etanercept and sulfasalazine were similar (10.7 (5.5 to 17.6) and 14.7 (6.4 to 26.5), respectively; p = 0.49). The long-term rate for etanercept, estimated from both placebo-controlled and open-label extension studies was 12.0 (10.0 to 14.1). Conclusions: In subjects with AS, rates of uveitis events with etanercept were lower than with placebo in placebo-controlled trials and similar to sulfasalazine in an active comparator trial.