tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Compressive Neuropathies-Reply
Authors: John F. Aita
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The author's comments regarding a surgical intervention as treatment for postoperative, compressive neuropathies are well taken. In the time interval since our work was originally submitted, we have tried to follow a more aggressive treatment plan at the urging of our surgeons. They recommend surgical decompression, or transposition, of the ulnar nerve within the first ten days after the onset of appropriate clinical symptoms and signs. They find less scar formation and think that the surgical results are better than if they undertook surgical treatment at a later date. Dr Belber thinks that the focal thickening of the epineurium, presumably at the site of compression, antedates the compressive injury and contributes to its clinical manifestation. However, as the function of the epineurium is protective and supportive of the enclosed nerve fibers, it may be that the author's "neuroma in continuity" is nothing more than the normal thickening of
Mediterranean diets are associated with a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome one year following renal transplantation
Authors: Mohsen Nafar, Nazanin Noori, Sara Jalali-Farahani, Farhad Hosseinpanah, Fatemeh Poorrezagholi, Pedram Ahmadpoor, Fariba Samadian, Ahmad Firouzan, Behzad Einollahi
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Greek doctors prescribe the most antibiotics
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

European countries differ substantially in the use of antibiotics, a study has found.

The variations were in the volume of drugs dispensed and the types of antibiotics used in the 13 countries surveyed. There were also differences in prescribing trends.

Greece topped the prescribing list, with 1350 prescriptions per 1000 in the population, closely followed by Spain, with 1320, and then …
Recent advances: Occupational disease
Authors: N. Cherry
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> One remarkable feature of neuronal activity in the mammalian cortex is the high level of variability in response to repeated stimuli. First, we used an open dataset, the Allen Brain Observatory, to quantify the distribution of responses to repeated presentations of natural movies. We find that even for their preferred moment in the movie clip, neurons have high variability which cannot be well captured by Gaussian or Poisson distributions. A large fraction of responses are better fit by log-normal or Gaussian mixture models with two components. These distributions are similar to activity distributions during training of deep neural networks using dropout. This poses the interesting hypothesis: is the role of cortical noise to help in generalization during learning? Second, to ensure the robustness of our results we analyzed electrophysiological recordings in the same areas of mouse visual cortex, again using repeated natural movie presentations and found similar response distributions. To make sure that the trial-by-trial variations we observe are not due exclusively to the result of changes in state, we constructed a population coupling model, where each neuron’s activity is coupled to a low-dimension version of the activity of all other simultaneously recorded neurons. The population coupling model can capture global, brain-wide activity fluctuations that are state-dependent. The residuals from this model also show non-Gaussian noise distributions. Third, we ask a more specific question: is the noise in the cortex more likely to move the representation of the stimulus in-class versus out-of-class? To address this question, we analyzed the responses of neurons across trials from multiple sections of different movie clips. We observe that the noise in the cortex better aligns to in-class variations. We argue that a useful noise for learning generalizations is to move from representations of different exemplars in-class, similar to cortical noise.
Psychothérapie et modifications dans les institutions psychiatríques
Authors: P.C. Racamier
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Institutional psychiatry is walking nowadays through a developmental crisis concerning its methods as well as its basic concepts. The individual and collective psychotherapy and chiefly the psychoanalysis is often regarded as a model, but in the institutional field, psychoanalysis actually represents a model of knowledge, not of pratice; institutional methods of care have to get their own specificity. The author of this report, after having stressed some elementary yet often forgotten matters of fact, proposes some guiding principles for institutional therapy. What may be called the institutional care of patients is distinguished from the specific treatments employed in psychiatry. A basic and non-manifest model of the illness, the patient and the inter-human relationship is always guiding the whole organization of psychiatric care; this model has to be clearly specified and examined. One must objectively scrutinize the very nature of every changement in every institutional organism, knowing that the contrary of an institutional illness is not sanity but actually an other kind of illness.
Multiple Nevoid Basal Cell Epitheliomas, Jaw Cysts, and Skeletal Defects
Authors: Walter D. Maddox, Richard K. Winkelmann, Edgar G. Harrison, Kenneth D. Devine, Joseph A. Gibilisco
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A syndrome characterized by multiple nevoid basal cell epitheliomas of the skin, cysts of the jaw, and congenital skeletal deformities has been studied and a series of new cases reported. Manifestations of the syndrome occur early in life, often in childhood, and there are definite familial or hereditary tendencies but no sex predilection. Some of the multiple basal cell tumors, which show areas of aggressive change and ulceration and demonstrate a wide range of histopathological basal cell patterns, could not be distinguished histologically from basal cell epitheliomas in patients without the syndrome. The cysts of the jaws are grossly destructive of bone and have not been found in any bones except the maxilla and mandible. The skeletal deformities include bifid and anomalous ribs, dorsal scoliosis, and frontal bosses.
Fatal myocardial necrosis
Authors: M.-M. Gordon, R. Madhok
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Case historyA 36 year old married, non-smoker was referred for further management of a 10 week history of Raynaud's phenomenon aVecting the hands and feet beginning in mid-summer.There was an associated history of myalgia, fatigueability and exertional praecordial chest pain radiating into the neck and relieved by rest.Her symptoms had increased such that she was no longer able to work.She had no significant past medical history and was taking no regular medication.There was no family history of note.On examination, there was proximal muscle tenderness in the limb girdles with reduced power.She was comfortable at rest, normotensive and full cardiorespiratory examination was normal.All peripheral pulses were present and symmetrical and there was no sclerodactly or nail fold capillary changes.There was no associated rash.Initial investigations including full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, renal and hepatic function, chest radiography, and electrocardiography were all normal.Urine analysis was negative.ANF, antiphospholipid antibodies and antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens, including anti-Jo1 were not detected.Creatine kinase was increased at 313 U/l (normal range 10-171).Needle muscle biopsy showed an inflammatory infiltrate with no muscle necrosis.Electronmicrography showed spontaneous fibrillation, consistent with a diagnosis of polymyositis.Prednisolone 40 mg/day resulted in an improvement in muscle symptoms with a concomitant decrease in creatine kinase to 676 U/l.An exercise tolerance test was limited by fatigue with no associated changes in electrocardiography.Eighteen days later she was readmitted with increasing anterior chest pain at rest.The pain settled spontaneously on admission and sequential resting electrocardiograms were normal.There was no rise in creatine kinase.On the second day after admission, her chest pain recurred and was relieved by leaning forward.There was a rise in creatine kinase to 756 U/l.Resting electrocardiography remained normal and continuous cardiac monitoring did not show any arrhythmias or repolarisation changes over the next 24 hours.Raynaud's phenomenon was not a feature during admission and her skin remained intact.Cardiac echo showed moderate reduction in left ventricular function.To assess left ventricu-
Adverse Effects of Chelation Therapy
Authors: Gerald R. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the report inThe Journal<sup>1</sup>indicating that edetate disodium had not been shown in any well-designed control trials to be beneficial to patients with coronary artery disease and that the safety of using such was questionable. Nevertheless, some physicians have been using this treatment. I suspect that some adverse side effects have not been reported. I work as a consultant and not as a primary care physician. Within the past several months, I have seen one patient who experienced a severe vasculitis after treatment with edetic acid. That resulted in near death to the patient and even the use of pericardiocentesis for pericardial tamponade. My associate has also seen another patient who experienced what he believed was a hemolytic anemia while the patient was receiving edetic acid therapy and who subsequently suffered a myocardial infarction. I believe that there is a correlation between the
Abstract P6-06-44: Role of uPA and PAI-1 mRNA expression as prognostic factors in molecular subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: I Witzel, K Milde-Langosch, M Schmidt, T Karn, A Rody, R Wirtz, F Jänicke, V Müller
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) determined by ELISA from fresh-frozen tumor tissue have been evaluated as prognostic factors in prospectively randomized trials in node-negative breast cancer. However, uPA and PAI-1 mRNA expression might reveal new clinically relevant information using paraffin-embedded tumor tissue. Methods: We evaluated uPA and PAI-1 mRNA expression with the Affymetrix HG-U 133A array also within molecular subgroups of breast cancer in a finding cohort of breast cancer patients (cohort A; n = 548). We validated mRNA expression in a cohort of HER2 positive breast cancer patients (cohort B, n = 347). For uPA and PAI-1, mRNA values below and above the median were compared in two different probesets. “Luminal”, “triple-negative” and “HER2 positive” subcohorts were defined by ESR1 and ERBB2 mRNA expression using pre-defined cut-offs. Results: In cohort A, elevated PAI-1 mRNA expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), elevated uPA mRNA expression was associated with shorter OS. Regarding different molecular subgroups, 71% (n = 388) of tumors had a luminal, 13% (n = 69) a HER2 positive and 17% (n = 91) a triple-negative subtype. Only in the HER2 positive subgroup, elevated PAI-1 mRNA expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival (p = 0.003 for DFS and p = 0.012 for OS). Same results were found for uPA in HER2 positive patients (DFS, p = 0.027 and OS, p = 0.011). In contrast, no association between both markers and DFS and OS could be seen in the luminal or triple-negative subgroups. In the HER2 positive validation cohort B elevated uPA and PAI-1 mRNA expression showed a strong association with shorter DFS (p = 0.013 for PAI-1, p = 0.001 for uPA). Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate that the prognostic impact of uPA and PAI-1 mRNA expression was observed mainly in patients with HER2 positive tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-06-44.
Further Studies of Gastric Hypersecretion in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: A. M. M. Shepherd, W. K. Stewart, B. Thjodleifsson, K. G. Wormsley
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The effect of medical treatment has been studied in four patients with end-stage renal failure who suffered from severe spontaneous gastric hypersecretion, associated with very low levels of intraduodenal pH in two cases. Atropine decreased the overnight gastric acid output, but the residual acid secretion and duodenal content of acid remained dangerously high in one of the patients. Secretin inhibited the basal gastric secretion of acid in all cases and converted the pH of the duodenal contents to alkaline. While atropine cannot be used to control the gastric hypersecretion, secretin may prove to be valuable in the therapeutic management of the gastric hypersecretion of patients with chronic renal failure.
PTEN and Hypoxia Regulate Tissue Factor Expression and Plasma Coagulation by Glioblastoma
Authors: Yuan Rong, Dawn E. Post, Russell O. Pieper, Donald L. Durden, Erwin G. Van Meir, Daniel J. Brat
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract We have previously proposed that intravascular thrombosis and subsequent vasoocclusion contribute to the development of pseudopalisading necrosis, a pathologic hallmark that distinguishes glioblastoma (WHO grade 4) from lower grade astrocytomas. To better understand the potential prothrombotic mechanisms underlying the formation of these structures that drive tumor angiogenesis, we investigated tissue factor (TF), a potent procoagulant protein known to be overexpressed in astrocytomas. We hypothesized that PTEN loss and tumor hypoxia, which characterize glioblastoma but not lower grade astrocytomas, could up-regulate TF expression and cause intravascular thrombotic occlusion. We examined the effect of PTEN restoration and hypoxia on TF expression and plasma coagulation using a human glioma cell line containing an inducible wt-PTEN cDNA. Cell exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) markedly increased TF expression, whereas restoration of wt-PTEN caused decreased cellular TF. The latter effect was at least partially dependent on PTEN's protein phosphatase activity. Hypoxic cells accelerated plasma clotting in tilt tube assays and this effect was prevented by both inhibitory antibodies to TF and plasma lacking factor VII, implicating TF-dependent mechanisms. To further examine the genetic events leading to TF up-regulation during progression of astrocytomas, we investigated its expression in a series of human astrocytes sequentially infected with E6/E7/human telomerase, Ras, and Akt. Cells transformed with Akt showed the greatest incremental increase in hypoxia-induced TF expression and secretion. Together, our results show that PTEN loss and hypoxia up-regulate TF expression and promote plasma clotting by glioma cells, suggesting that these mechanisms may underlie intravascular thrombosis and pseudopalisading necrosis in glioblastoma.
Promising Advances in the Treatment of Malignant Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors
Authors: Robert T. Jensen, Gianfranco Delle Fave
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are classified as functional (10 to 30% of the tumors) or nonfunctional (50 to 80%).1 Functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have long fascinated physicians because they produce florid syndromes, owing to ectopic secretion of various biologically active hormones (e.g., insulin and gastrin).1 In the past, the hormone excess syndrome was the leading cause of death; however, with advances in surgical and medical treatments, the natural history of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is becoming the major determinant of death in patients with functional tumors, similar to patients with nonfunctional tumors. This is occurring because more than 50% of all pancreatic . . .
Role of spironolactone in heart failure should be emphasised
Authors: J. Mapstone
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—We welcome the article by Lonn and McKelvie on drug treatment in heart failure,1 which is a common and important condition. The article showed how good the evidence on the subject is. We were disappointed, however, that the role of spironolactone in improving outcomes was not discussed.

A randomised controlled trial …
731 EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE IN FIELD PRACTICE: A MULTICENTER EUROPEAN COHORT STUDY OF 302 NUC-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: P. Lampertico, R. Soffredini, M. Viganò, C. Yurdaydin, R. Idilman, G.V. Papatheodoridis, K. Margariti, M. Buti, R. Esteban, S. Zaltron, A. Vavassori, E. Minóla, M. Vinci, G. Pinzello, A. Giorgini, M. Zuin, A. Salmi, P. Del Poggio, F. De Filippi, S. Bruno, L. Pasulo, S. Fagiuoli, M. Andreoletti, A. Colli, F. Fumagalli Maldini, M. Milanese, A.E. Colombo, G. Bellati, C. Magni, E. Angeli, G. Gubertini, G. Rizzardini, M. Fasano, T. Santantonio, N. Terreni, G. Spinzi, F. Facchetti, F. Invernizzi, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
694. Breast Cancer Specificity, Anti-Tumor Activity, and Reduced Toxicity of an Adenoviral Vector Encoding Interleukin-2 under Control of the Human Mammaglobin Promoter
Authors: Paggy Hew, Changxin Shi, Melissa Paiva, Jen Robertson, Chuyan Ying, Frank L. Graham, Christina Addison, Jack Gauldie, Mary M. Hitt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Previous studies in our labs have shown that an adenoviral (Ad) vector encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) under control of the CMV promoter induced tumor regression in an immunocompetent mouse tumor model, but this regression was accompanied by toxicity and mortality (Addison et al., Gene Therapy 5, 1400-09, 1998) . We hypothesized that this toxicity might partially result from inadvertant expression of IL-2 in normal tissues, particularly the liver, of treated animals. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated transcriptionally targeted Ad vectors as a means to localize IL-2 expression to mammary tumors. We have recently isolated a DNA fragment from upstream of the human mammaglobin-1 (MGB) gene that can direct mammary- or breast cancer-specific expression of reporter genes when delivered by helper-dependent adenoviral (Ad) vectors (Shi et al, Mol. Ther. 10, 758-767, 204). We demonstrate here that activity of the MGB enhancer/promoter is also highly specific when inserted into first generation Ad vectors. In human breast cancer cell lines, the Ad-delivered MGB enhancer/promoter was nearly as active as the murine CMV promoter in driving luciferase expression. Activity of the MGB enhancer/promoter was reduced by over 1000-fold in comparison to the mCMV promoter in normal human cell lines. A high degree of specificity of the MGB enhancer/promoter, in contrast to the mCMV promoter, was also demonstrated following intratumoral injection in a mouse tumor model. This high level of activity in combination with specificity has prompted us to examine first generation Ad vector delivery of MGB enhancer/promoter-controlled IL-2 as a potential cancer therapeutic. An Ad vector encoding IL2 under control of the MGB enhancer/promoter (AdMGB-IL2) induced high levels of IL2 secretion in human and murine breast cancer, but not normal, cell lines. Here we demonstrate that AdMGB-IL2 generated little, if any, liver toxicity (assessed by ALT, AST, and GGT levels as well as histology) even after intravenous delivery to immunocompetent mice. Toxic effects of the same dose of AdmCMV-IL2 were severe, and correlated with high levels of serum IL-2. Although significant tumor regression in this mouse tumor model was induced by treatment with AdMGB-IL2, much higher doses of this vector were required than with the AdCMV-IL2 vector. In conclusion, transcriptional targeting of IL-2 gene expression can be achieved using the MGB enhancer/promoter, however high doses of vector are required to achieve tumor regression in a mouse model for breast cancer.
KSHV-induced notch components render endothelial and mural cell characteristics and cell survival
Authors: Ren Liu, Xiuqing Li, Anil Tulpule, Yue Zhou, Jeffrey S. Scehnet, Shaobing Zhang, Jong-Soo Lee, Preet M. Chaudhary, Jae Jung, Parkash S. Gill
Journal: Blood (2009)
Metformin Enhances Clearance of Chylomicrons and Chylomicron Remnants in Nondiabetic Mildly Overweight Glucose-Intolerant Subjects
Authors: Itamar Grosskopf, Yehuda Ringel, Gideon Charach, Nitsan Maharshak, Ronit Mor, Adrian Iaina, Moshe Weintraub
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of metformin on the metabolism of intestinally derived lipoproteins in nondiabetic individuals who were mildly overweight and glucose intolerant. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of nine subjects with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and fasting serum glucose ≤ 6.1 mmol/l and who were glucose intolerant were studied. The subjects underwent a vitamin A fat-loading test before and after a 3-month treatment with 850 mg metformin twice a day. The metabolic behavior of the postprandial lipoproteins was compared with that found in a group of 19 healthy normolipidemic individuals who participated in a previous study. RESULTS Mean total plasma, chylomicron fraction, and nonchylomicron fraction retinyl palmitate (RP) pretreatment levels were 3.4-fold, 3.59-fold, and 3-fold higher, respectively, in the study group than in the normolipidemic group and were reduced by 50, 56, and 32%, respectively, after 3 months of metformin treatment. The decrease of chylomicron levels after treatment was positively correlated to the fasting triglyceride values before treatment (r = 0.73, P = 0.039) and to the serum insulin level at 120 min of standard glucose loading before treatment (r = 0.91, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Metformin was shown to be beneficial in the clearance of postprandial lipoproteins in nondiabetic individuals who were mildly overweight and glucose intolerant.
The Role of the Kidney in Hypertension
Authors: Allen W. Cowley
Journal: JAMA (1996)

DESPITE unequivocal evidence that renal function is altered in hypertension, certain important issues are unresolved. The most controversial area is whether the observed changes in renal function are a consequence of hypertension or the primary basis of the disease. Although there is little doubt that the kidney is progressively damaged as a longterm consequence of hypertension, 6 lines of evidence indicate that renal function is altered before the development of the disease and that some form of renal dysfunction is essential for the development and maintenance of hypertension. These studies demonstrate that (1) the kidney plays a dominant role in the long-term control of blood pressure; (2) the induction of every experimental model of hypertension involves some maneuver that reduces renal excretory function, and certain changes, such as reduction of renal medullary blood flow, can be observed before the development of hypertension and in the absence of more global changes
Thyrotoxicosis Caused by Functioning Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: K PATRICK OBER, ROBERT J. COWAN, ROBERT E. SEVIER, G JOSEPH POOLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A patient with progressively worsening thyrotoxicosis, refractory to medical therapy, is described. Repeated measurements of thyroidal RAI uptake over a 13 month period were low consistently and could not be explained by iodine ingestion, thyroiditis, or administration of exogenous thyroid hormone. An I-131 scan ultimately revealed striking activity at the base of the skull, reflecting ectopic excessive production of thyroid hormone by a solitary functioning metastatic thyroid carcinoma. The thyrotoxic state resolved after large doses of therapeutic I-131. Typical features of this rare cause of hyperthyroidism are discussed.