tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of Doppler Echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures
Authors: S. R. Ommen, R. A. Nishimura, C. P. Appleton, F. A. Miller, J. K. Oh, M. M. Redfield, A. J. Tajik
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Noninvasive assessment of diastolic filling by Doppler echocardiography provides important information about left ventricular (LV) status in selected subsets of patients. This study was designed to assess whether mitral annular velocities as assessed by tissue Doppler imaging are associated with invasive measures of diastolic LV performance and whether additional information is gained over traditional Doppler variables.One hundred consecutive patients referred for cardiac catheterization underwent simultaneous Doppler interrogation. Invasive measurements of LV pressures were obtained with micromanometer-tipped catheters, and the mean LV diastolic pressure (M-LVDP) was used as a surrogate for mean left atrial pressure. Doppler signals from the mitral inflow, pulmonary venous inflow, and TDI of the mitral annulus were obtained. Isolated parameters of transmitral flow correlated with M-LVDP only when ejection fraction <50%. The ratio of mitral velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/E') showed a better correlation with M-LVDP than did other Doppler variables for all levels of systolic function. E/E' <8 accurately predicted normal M-LVDP, and E/E' >15 identified increased M-LVDP. Wide variability was present in those with E/E' of 8 to 15. A subset of those patients with E/E' 8 to 15 could be further defined by use of other Doppler data.The combination of tissue Doppler imaging of the mitral annulus and mitral inflow velocity curves provides better estimates of LV filling pressures than other methods (pulmonary vein, preload reduction). However, accurate prediction of filling pressures for an individual patient requires a stepwise approach incorporating all available data.
The sociologist's view More convictions won't help victims of domestic violence
Authors: R. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> A causal relationship between long-term statin use and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains uncertain. We investigated the association with statin use before hospital admission for ICH in a Danish population–based, nationwide case-control study. <h3>Methods</h3> We used the Danish Stroke Registry to identify all patients aged 45 years or older with a first-ever ICH between 2005 and 2018. Patients with ICH were matched for age, sex, and calendar year to controls selected from the general population. A medication registry with information on all dispensed prescriptions at community pharmacies in Denmark since 1995 was used to ascertain previous statin exposure that was classified for recency, duration, and intensity. Using conditional regression and adjusting for potential confounders, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and corresponding 95% CIs for the risk of ICH. <h3>Results</h3> The study population consisted of 16,235 patients with ICH and 640,943 controls. Current statin use (cases 25.9% vs controls 24.5%; aOR 0.74, 95% CI, 0.71–0.78) and a longer duration of current statin use (&lt;1 year: aOR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81–0.92; ≥1 to &lt;5 years: aOR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.68–0.76; ≥5 to &lt;10 years: aOR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.60–0.71; ≥10 years of use, 0.53; 95% CI 0.45–0.62; <i>p</i> for trend &lt;0.001) were associated with a lower risk of ICH. Similar treatment duration relationships were found in analyses stratified by statin use intensity (high-intensity therapy: &lt;1 year of use: aOR 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66–0.93; ≥10 years of use: aOR 0.46; 95% CI 0.33–0.65; <i>p</i> for trend 0.001). <h3>Discussion</h3> We found that a longer duration of statin use was associated with a lower risk of ICH. <h3>Classification of Evidence</h3> This study provides Class II evidence that current statin use and a longer duration of statin use are each associated with a lower risk of ICH.
Development of an assay for a biomarker of pregnancy and early fetal loss.
Authors: R E Canfield, J F O'Connor, S Birken, A Krichevsky, A J Wilcox
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone, secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the fertilized ovum, that enters the maternal circulation at the time of endometrial implantation. It is composed of two nonidentical subunits; alpha and beta, with molecular weights of 14 kD and 23 kD, respectively. Its alpha subunit is identical in primary structure to its glycoprotein homologs, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Human chorionic gonadotropin binds to the same receptor as hLH and displays the same biological response, namely, to stimulate the declining function of the corpus luteum to produce progestins and estrogen late in the menstrual cycle. The differences in the structures of hCG and hLH have been exploited to develop antibodies that can measure hCG specifically in the presence of hLH. Two-site antibody binding assays have been developed, based on a surface immunological concept of hCG epitopes, that involve four distinct regions to which antibodies against hCG can bind simultaneously. Antibody cooperative effects, in conjunction with kinetic advantages derived from the concentration factors by use of the sandwich assay technique (immunoradiometric assay, IRMA), have enabled development of extremely sensitive and specific measurement protocols for urinary hCG. The assay described herein permits the detection of pregnancy on an average 25.4 days after the first day of the preceding menses, as opposed to 29.5 days for conventional radioimmunoassay techniques. In addition, the greater sensitivity and specificity of this assay method has permitted the detection of episodes of fetal loss not detected by radioimmunoassay of urine specimens. A large scale epidemiological study is in progress using this assay technique as a way to identify pregnancies that are lost before becoming clinically apparent. This methodology provides a valuable tool for the determination of the rate of early fetal loss.
Breast-Feeding, Antiretroviral Prophylaxis, and HIV
Authors: Glenda E. Gray, Haroon Saloojee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

More than 200,000 of the 500,000 new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections that occur each year in children are the result of transmission of the virus through the mother's breast milk.1 In resource-constrained environments, how do we continue to promote breast-feeding, an important intervention for child survival,2 without exposing more infants to this risk? This fundamental question plagues mothers and caregivers, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where such choices are made every day. In resource-constrained settings, current policies with respect to breast-feeding by mothers who are infected with HIV are guided by observational evidence that exclusive breast-feeding for the first 4 . . .
Responsibility for Future Medical Care
Authors: Ira S. Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The 'Borderline' Smear in Men With Urethritis
Authors: Alan J. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Four hundred three men with signs and symptoms of urethritis were examined by stained slide and culture of urethral exudate. Of these slides, 14.1% were interpreted as "borderline" for gonorrhea, ie, showing typical Gram-negative diplococci on microscopic examination located extracellularly only. Of these, only 10.5% were culture positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Patients with urethritis whose slides are "borderline" should be treated as for nongonococcal urethritis with tetracycline hydrochloride and not with aqueous penicillin G procaine.
Risk Assessment of Hepatitis B Virus–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development Using Liver Stiffness Measurement (FibroScan) σ
Authors: Kyu Sik Jung, Seung Up Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Young Nyun Park, Do Young Kim, Jun Yong Park, Chae Yoon Chon, Eun Hee Choi, Kwang-Hyub Han
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using FibroScan accurately assesses the degree of liver fibrosis and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis C. This study investigated the usefulness of LSM as a predictor of HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A total of 1,130 patients with non-biopsy–proven CHB who underwent LSM between May 2005 and December 2007 were enrolled in this prospective study. After LSM was performed, patients attended regular follow-up as part of a surveillance program for the detection of HCC. The mean age of the patients (767 men, 363 women) was 50.2 years, and the median LSM was 7.7 kPa. Six hundred seventy-two (59.5%) patients received antiviral treatment before or after enrollment. During the follow-up period (median, 30.7 months; range, 24.0-50.9 months), HCC developed in 57 patients (2.0% per 1 person-year). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 0.80%, 3.26%, and 5.98%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, together with old age, male sex, heavy alcohol consumption (&gt;80 g/day), serum albumin, and hepatitis B e antigen positivity, patients with a higher LSM (&gt;8 kPa) were at a significantly greater risk of HCC development, with the following hazard ratios: 3.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-9.31; P = 0.047) for LSM 8.1-13 kPa; 4.68 (95% CI, 1.40-15.64; P = 0.012) for LSM 13.1-18 kPa; 5.55 (95% CI, 1.53–20.04; P = 0.009) for LSM 18.1-23 kPa; and 6.60 (95% CI, 1.83-23.84; P = 0.004) for LSM &gt;23 kPa. Conclusion: Our data suggest that LSM could be a useful predictor of HCC development in patients with CHB. (Hepatology 2011)
Viral Hepatitis: An Occupational Hazard of Medical Personnel
Authors: Earl B. Byrne
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The occurrence of eight cases of viral hepatitis over a 13-month period among employees of the Yale-New Haven Hospital dramatically refocused attention on this disease as an occupational hazard. Epidemiological investigation was undertaken to determine the circumstances immediately responsible for the cases and to estimate the degree of risk for hospital personnel for the purpose of instituting long-term countermeasures. <h3>Recent Experience</h3> The eight employee cases of hepatitis occurred in four distinct episodes during the 13-month period (Table 1). The assistant resident of episode 1, who is believed to have acquired his disease from accidental self-inoculation with fibrinogen, donated blood while in the incubation phase of his illness. This blood along with several other units was administered to a patient in whom posttransfusional hepatitis of the long-incubation type subsequently developed. Episode 2 is presumed to have been initiated by a pediatric patient (hospitalized for nephrotic syndrome) with whom all episode 2
Active Compression-Decompression CPR-Reply
Authors: Keith G. Lurie
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Dr Mazziotti points out some of the challenges in designing and executing a study to determine the effectiveness of different methods of CPR. When comparing two treatment groups, it is essential that both methods of CPR are performed correctly, in similar patient populations, and that the study design enables adequate data acquisition of critical variables associated with the research, as described by the Utstein conference on uniform standards for CPR research. 1   In our evaluation of the effectiveness of ACD CPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, our study was designed to maximize the clinical similarities between patients in both treatment groups. Data were collected according to the Utstein recommendations. Mazziotti points out the importance of similar clinical characteristics between groups. In our study, both the standard CPR group and the ACD CPR group had very similar baseline characteristics in terms of age, sex, prior cardiac history, presenting
Improved prognosis since 1969 of myocardial infarction treated in a coronary care unit: lack of relation with changes in severity.
Authors: J. L. Hopper, B. Pathik, D. Hunt, W. W. Chan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To study changes from 1969 to 1983 in the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated in a coronary care unit. DESIGN--Mortality follow up of all patients with definite acute myocardial infarction. SETTING--The coronary care unit of the Royal Melbourne Hospital, a tertiary referral centre. SUBJECTS--4253 Patients (3366 men, 887 women) admitted from 1969 to 1983. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Mortality recorded at discharge from hospital and 12 months after admission. RESULTS--Details of clinical findings, history, electrocardiograms, arrhythmias, and radiological findings were recorded on admission. Mean ages were 63 for women and 57 for men, and women had haemodynamically more severe infarcts than men. In the later years patients were older and had less severe infarcts. Overall, hospital mortality in men was 16.7% in 1969-73 and 8.5% in 1979-83 and declined in all grades of the Norris and Killip infarct severity indices compared with a constant 19.2% in women. Even after adjustment for age and severity by logistic regression, hospital mortality fell in men by an average of 8% (95% confidence interval 4% to 11%) a year but remained constant in women. By 1983 male mortality was 60% that of women of similar age and comparable severity of infarction. Mortality of hospital survivors at 12 months declined by 7% (4% to 9%) a year in both sexes, even after adjustment for age and severity, with a male to female mortality ratio of about 0.8. New indices were derived to predict mortality in hospital and at 12 months. CONCLUSION--The observed declines in mortality cannot be explained by changes in severity of infarction or in prognostic characteristics of patients.
The Red Cell; an Account of Its Chemical Physiology and Pathology
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To say that the erythrocyte is not an important aspect of the human machine would border on asininity. An understanding of red blood cell physiology and pathology is of prime importance to all physicians. An author who can collect all available and pertinent information on the red blood cell should be commended. While such a monograph does not become a bedtime story, it can be a wonderful aid to the physician and researcher. In this volume, both can find complete references. The accurate subject and author indices also add to the value of this commendable work. Part one of the monograph discusses the normal physiology of the red blood cell in relation to its morphology and aging, molecular structure, permeability, metabolism, hemolytic mechanism, and blood storage. The second part, which deals with the pathological red blood cell, makes note of the morphological changes, molecular changes, and hemolytic mechanisms. An extra
Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality for Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Mario Rotondi, Flavia Magri, Luca Chiovato
Journal: JAMA (2010)

To the Editor: In their study, Dr Rodondi and colleagues 1 addressed the issue of the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and coronary heart disease (CHD) or mortality. Previous large prospective cohort studies have provided conflicting results about this extensively studied association. In the study by Rodondi et al, an attempt to reduce the effects of several confounders (including age, sex, degree of thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] elevation, and pre-existing cardiovascular disease) was performed. 1 However, the finding of no association of risk with subclinical hypothyroidism for TSH concentration up to 10.0 mIU/L may be flawed because it did not provide information about the body mass index (BMI) of the patients diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism. This might be a problem because subclinical hypothyroidism, especially when characterized by minor increases in serum TSH levels, is frequently observed among obese patients. 2-4 TheelevatedserumTSHfoundinobese(andparticularly in morbidly obese) patients may be a mere consequence of the excess body weight rather than a condition of primary thyroid failure. 2-4 This concept would imply that obesepatientswithamoderateelevationinserumTSHwould not experience increased systemic vascular resistance, altered endothelial function, increased atherosclerosis, altered coagulability, and lipid abnormalities, which account for the increased risk of CHD associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. 5
IRON IN ANEMIA
Authors: Oliver T. Osborne
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The letter of Dr. Whipple (The Journal, January 30) needs a seconder, because the subject is of great importance. The assertion of Williamson and Ets (<i>Arch. Int. Med.</i><b>36</b>:333 [Sept.] 1925) that inorganic iron is of no value in anemia is not true. From a clinical standpoint, bleeding an animal does not cause "anemia." Anemia is a distinct pathologic condition, primary or secondary. For laboratory experimenters to bleed animals and then to administer inorganic iron, and to state that it is of no benefit, but that food irons are of benefit, and then to draw the conclusion that inorganic iron is useless in the anemias of human beings, and broadcast the belief, is inexcusable. Such an assertion will certainly be used as an advertisement for the various organic irons on the market. Animals that have been bled, or human beings suffering from hemorrhage, do not have
Improvement over time in outcome for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second remission given hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors
Authors: F Locatelli, M Zecca, C Messina, R Rondelli, E Lanino, N Sacchi, C Uderzo, F Fagioli, V Conter, F Bonetti, C Favre, F Porta, G Giorgiani, A Pession
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Progressive Loss of Protective Reflexes in the Airway with the Advance of Age
Authors: Henning Pontoppidan
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Aspiration pneumonia is a common and serious complication, especially among elderly patients. By using randomized concentrations of ammonia gas as an irritant, the threshold of the protective airway reflex was determined in 103 subjects. The end-point was a brief stop in the inspiration as recorded on a metabolic spirometer. The median threshold was found to increase sixfold from the second to the eighth and ninth decades of life. This decrease in sensitivity explains, in part, why silent tracheal aspiration seems to occur oftener in older people. The protective airway reflex can be further depressed by injudicious use of depressant drugs in elderly patients. The effects of various drugs on the reflex can be determined readily by applying the method here described.
Progress in Resuscitation
Authors: Mary Ann Peberdy, Joseph P. Ornato
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Custom Zinc-Finger Nucleases for Use in Human Cells
Authors: Stephen Alwin, Maja B. Gere, Eva Guhl, Karin Effertz, Carlos F. Barbas, David J. Segal, Matthew D. Weitzman, Toni Cathomen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Genome engineering through homologous recombination (HR) is a powerful instrument for studying biological pathways or creating treatment options for genetic disorders. In mammalian cells HR is rare but the creation of targeted DNA double-strand breaks stimulates HR significantly. Here, we present a method to generate, evaluate, and optimize rationally designed endonucleases that promote HR. The DNA-binding domains were synthesized by assembling predefined zinc-finger modules selected by phage display. Attachment of a transcriptional activation domain allowed assessment of DNA binding in reporter assays, while fusion with an endonuclease domain created custom nucleases that were tested for their ability to stimulate HR in episomal and chromosomal gene repair assays. We demonstrate that specificity, expression kinetics, and protein design are crucial parameters for efficient gene repair and that our two-step assay allows one to go quickly from design to testing to successful employment of the custom nucleases in human cells.
False-Positive F-18 FDG PET/CT From Foreign Body Reaction on Anterior Chest Wall After Endoscopic Total Thyroidectomy via Axillo-Breast Approach for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Chan Hee Jung, Bo Yeon Kim, Jae Wook Kim, Seung Won Lee, Jung Ja Kwak, Ji Oh Mok, Chul Hee Kim, Hyun Sook Hong, Sung Koo Kang, Jung Mi Park
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Endoscopic thyroidectomy is becoming a popular method for the treatment of low-risk micropapillary thyroid cancers. Here, we report 2 cases showing increased uptake on postoperative follow-up FDG PET/CT imaging in the chest wall after endoscopic thyroidectomy via axillo-breast approach without gas insufflations. An ultrasound-guided gun biopsy was performed to rule out metastasis. The histopathology revealed granulomas caused by foreign body reaction, presumably because of the port pressure of the surgical instruments. These lesions are of clinical importance because they can cause misinterpretation of the imaging findings in patients undergoing postoperative FDG PET/CT surveillance for tumor recurrence and can lead to unnecessary treatment.