tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sharing stories: complex intervention for diabetes education in minority ethnic groups who do not speak English
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh, Anna Collard, Noorjahan Begum
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To develop and refine a complex intervention for diabetes support and education in minority ethnic groups, delivered through bilingual health advocates. <b>Design</b> Action research framework—a variety of methods used in an emergent and developmental manner, in partnership with clinicians, managers, and service users, drawing especially but not exclusively on narrative methods. <b>Setting</b> Deprived inner London district. <b>Interventions</b> Development and evaluation of three components of the complex intervention: a group based learning set for bilingual health advocates, in which stories about clients with diabetes formed the basis for action learning; advocate led support and education groups for people with diabetes, which used personal stories as the raw material for learning and action; organisational support to help to develop these new models and embed them within existing services. <b>Results</b> Both advocate groups and user groups were popular and well evaluated. Through storytelling, advocates identified and met their own educational needs in relation to diabetes and the unmet needs of service users. In the advocate led user groups, story fragments were exchanged in a seemingly chaotic way that the research team initially found difficult to facilitate or follow. Stories were not so much told as enacted and were often centred on discussion of “what to do.” Whereas some organisations welcomed, successfully implemented, and sustained the advocate led groups, others failed to do so. A key component of the complex intervention was organisational support. <b>Conclusions</b> An action research approach allowed engagement with an underserved group of health service staff and with hard to reach service users. The study produced subjective benefits to these groups locally as well as a worked-up complex intervention that will now be formally tested in a randomised controlled trial.
Selegiline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: D. B Calne
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In medicine, as in all other human activities, fashions come and go. In the field of Parkinson's disease, there has been an explosion of research on the possibility that nerve cells in the substantia nigra are dying because of excessive production of toxic free radicals. The “oxidative stress” hypothesis envisions dopamine undergoing oxidative metabolism to produce an excess of free radicals that gradually kill the dopaminergic neurons, which bear the brunt of the pathology of Parkinson's disease.1 But there is no compelling evidence for this view2; at best damage by free radicals might represent the final common pathway to cell death, just as cessation of the heart-beat is an inevitable feature of corporeal death.

In its heyday, the free radical hypothesis fuelled enormous therapeutic trials for Parkinson's disease, based on the premise that if we could reduce formation of free radicals this would confer “neuroprotection” in chronic neurodegenerative disease. The largest of these trials was DATATOP (deprenyl and tocopherol antioxidant therapy for parkinsonism),3 …
The Effect of the 65-mph Speed Limit on Fatalities in New Mexico
Authors: J. J. Baxter
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The October 27, 1989, article by Gallaher et al<sup>1</sup>exemplifies studies based on short-time-frame limited data and the replacement of cause-and-effect relationships with correlations. Fatalities on rural interstate highways in New Mexico did indeed increase significantly in 1987, as did the speed limit and highway speeds (and traffic volume). The authors point to this combinationof events and imply that there is a cause-and-effect relationship inherent in this series of events. Data that may have been unavailable to the authors at the time of their analysis suggest the speed limit/speed/fatality correlation is not entirely defensible.<sup>2</sup>In 1988, speeds on rural interstates in New Mexico continued to increase over 1987 levels, but fatalities declined 23.7%. Further, despite higher speeds on rural interstates and all other rural roads, New Mexico experienced its lowest historic highway fatality rate. Even fatal collisions and fatalities dropped below 1986 levels
Assessing the relative contribution of the Asthma Control Test? and spirometry in predicting asthma control*1
Authors: C.A. Sorkness, M. Schatz, J.T. Li, R.A. Nathan, J.J. Murray, P. Marcus, M. Kosinski, T.B. Pendergraft, P. Jhingran
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
New MRI method offers diagnosis option in heart patients
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A new, non-invasive method has been devised for checking patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Three dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography is an accurate non-invasive method for identifying disease of the proximal and middle coronary artery segments and may one day replace invasive techniques for some patients, said Dr Warren Manning from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.

He and his colleagues performed coronary magnetic resonance angiography in 109 men and women before they had elective …
1226 HEPATITIS C VIRUS ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN SIGNATURES AND RESISTANCE TO ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT
Authors: R. Moenne-Loccoz, A. Velay, J. Murray, F. Habersetzer, M. Doffoël, S. Fafl-Kremer, M.B. Zeisel, I. Fofana, J.-P. Gut, T.F. Baumert, F. Stoll-Keller, E. Schvoerer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Curbing the Global AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Helene D. Gayle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

President George W. Bush's recent pledge of $15 billion to fight human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS is another welcome sign of the increased priority placed on the global epidemic. The announcement calls for a strong focus on prevention along with increased access to treatment. The critical steps now are to ensure that these resources are appropriated rapidly and that they complement other critical health and development initiatives. The hope is that other donor governments will follow the lead of the United States with commitments to increased resources, because the global AIDS epidemic threatens to grow far graver. Stover . . .
Accumulation of Tc-99m PMT in Adrenal Metastasis of Hepatoma
Authors: HIDETOSHI MIYAKE, HIROSHI TAKEOKA, MASAKI WAKISAKA, HIROMU MORI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Hepatobiliary imaging agents have been used to detect extrahepatic metastases of hepatoma. Adrenal imaging using Tc-99m pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan was performed on two patients with hepatoma whose CT scans revealed left adrenal metastasis. Uptake was seen in each adrenal metastasis.
Pelvic Bone Imaging in Bladder Exstrophy
Authors: JEAN LETTE, JULIE PRENOVAULT, MARIE-CLAIRE EYBALIN, MICHEL CERINO, ANDRE LEVASSEUR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Online First Collections ACNM MeetingsCMECommunication in OrganizationCOVID-19Feedback and RewardsFrom the American College of Nuclear MedicineHighly Cited and Frequently Read ArticlesPlanning and Conducting Meetings EffectivelyQuality and Safety in Health CareRecruitment of New PhysiciansTips for Giving a Memorable PresentationTips for LeadersTips for Physicians in Getting the Right Job ACNM ArticlesACNM Website For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Fatty acids in colostrum from mothers of children at high risk of atopy in relation to clinical and laboratory signs of allergy in the first year of life
Authors: P. Reichardt, D. Müller, U. Posselt, B. Vorberg, U. Diez, U. Schlink, W. Reuter, M. Borte
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: It remains controversial whether fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk relates to development of atopy in the infant. This study evaluates FA in colostrum from mothers of children at high risk of atopy in association with atopy at the age of 1 year. Methods: The FA of colostrum were analyzed for 218 children (60 with low birth weight between 1500 and 2500 g, 84 with a history of maternal atopy, and 74 with an elevated cord blood immunoglobulin (Ig)E of &gt;0.9 IU/ml). Total lipids were extracted, methylated and separated by gas–liquid chromatography. Laboratory screening for allergic sensitization and clinical examination took place within the Leipzig Allergy Risk Children's Study (LARS). Results: Low birth weight was correlated with low percentage levels of 20:2n‐6, 22:2n‐6, and 22:3n‐3 ( r = 0.14, P &lt; 0.05; r = 0.14, P &lt; 0.05 and r = 0.20, P &lt; 0.01, respectively) and low gestational age at birth was correlated with low 22:3n‐3 ( r = 0.15, P &lt; 0.05). There was no association between FA and atopic eczema at the age of 1 year. However, high linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n‐6) was linked to high specific IgE against cow's milk protein ( P &lt; 0.05), and low docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n‐3) was associated with elevated total serum IgE ( P &lt; 0.05) at the age of 1 year, respectively. Conclusions: The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of colostrum in a high risk newborn population shows associations with atopic sensitization at the age of 1 year and may be predictive for later atopic disease.
Drug-Related Superinfection in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Alexander M. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In a series of 14,077 hospitalized medical patients receiving antibiotics, superinfection developed in 95 (0.7%) during drug therapy. The majority were yeast and fungal infections, and serious infections occurred with a frequency of less than one per 1,000 patients treated. Concurrent immunosuppression and impaired renal function increased the risk of new infections.
A high-throughput chemical screen reveals that harmine-mediated inhibition of DYRK1A increases human pancreatic beta cell replication
Authors: Peng Wang, Juan-Carlos Alvarez-Perez, Dan P Felsenfeld, Hongtao Liu, Sharmila Sivendran, Aaron Bender, Anil Kumar, Roberto Sanchez, Donald K Scott, Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña, Andrew F Stewart
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
The Val158Met Polymorphism of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase Gene is Associated with the PSA-Progression-Free Survival in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Estramustine Phosphate
Authors: Motofumi Suzuki, Mohammed Rafiqul Islam Mamun, Kazuo Hara, Takeshi Ozeki, Yasuhiko Yamada, Takashi Kadowaki, Hidetoshi Honda, Yoshitsugu Yanagihara, Yoichi Minagawa Ito, Shuji Kameyama, Nobutaka Ohta, Takayuki Hosoi, Tomio Arai, Motoji Sawabe, Takumi Takeuchi, Satoru Takahashi, Tadaichi Kitamura
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Angiothrombotic Pulmonary Hypertension in Addicts
Authors: Vernon E. Wendt, Henry E. Puro, Jack Shapiro, William Mathews, Paul L. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1964)

MAO is one of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of potent biogenic amines such as l-epinephrine, l-norepinephrine, serotonin, tyramine, and dopamine.<sup>4</sup>After the administration of MAO inhibitors, it is believed that there is an increase in tissue levels of l-epinephrine and l-norepinephrine. Tyramine may act as a pressor substance normally degraded by MAO, or it may provoke the release of stored catechol amines.<sup>5</sup>As contrasted with pheochromocytoma, urinary 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxymandelic acid determinations have been reported as normal in those cases of cheese-induced hypertension so studied. Perhaps metanephrine or normetanephrine output must be measured in this situation, as the 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxymandelic acid pathway is dependent on MAO activity. Pargyline hydrochloride (N-benzyl-N-methyl-2-propynylamine hydrochloride) is a nonhydrazine MAO inhibitor seven to ten times as potent as iproniazid, with an effect lasting up to ten days after administration of a single oral dose. This drug was evaluated as an antihypertensive agent
Interleukin 1: An Immunological Perspective
Authors: Scott K. Durum, John A. Schmidt, Joost J. Oppenheim
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1985)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Mechanisms for induction of mutations and chromosome alterations.
Authors: A T Natarajan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Genotoxic agents induce chromosomal alterations, such as aberrations, micronuclei, and sister chromatid exchanges as well as mutations both in vivo and in vitro. Ionizing radiation and typical radiomimmetic agents such as bleomycin are very efficient inducers of chromosomal aberrations. The type of aberrations induced by these agents are cell-cycle dependent, i.e., chromosome type in pre-replication stages and chromatid type in post-replication stages of the cell cycle. Under optimal DNA repair conditions, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) appear to be the most important lesion responsible for the production of aberrations. In human lymphocytes, fast-repairing DSBs lead to exchange-type aberrations. The fact that the dose-response curves for induction of exchange aberrations induced by ionizing radiation are similar in vitro and in vivo allows one to use the yield of induced aberrations to estimate absorbed radiation dose in the case of accidents. In this respect, frequencies of translocations detected by the chromosome painting technique appear to be more sensitive. Mutations do not express immediately after exposure and require an expression time before they can be detected. In humans, it is estimated that for the mutations induced in bone marrow, it takes about 2 months for them to express and to be detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Hence, frequency of mutations is of limited value for estimating radiation doses immediately after an accident. This holds true for chemical exposure as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Maryland's All-Payer Approach to Delivery-System Reform
Authors: Rahul Rajkumar, Ankit Patel, Karen Murphy, John M. Colmers, Jonathan D. Blum, Patrick H. Conway, Joshua M. Sharfstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Maryland, with its all-payer rate-setting system for hospital services, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are launching a new model that will transform the state's delivery system and may guide other federal–state partnerships in improving health care.
End points to establish the efficacy of new agents in the treatment of acute leukemia
Authors: Frederick R. Appelbaum, Daniel Rosenblum, Robert J. Arceci, William L. Carroll, Philip P. Breitfeld, Stephen J. Forman, Richard A. Larson, Stephanie J. Lee, Sharon B. Murphy, Susan O'Brien, Jerald Radich, Nancy S. Scher, Franklin O. Smith, Richard M. Stone, Martin S. Tallman
Journal: Blood (2006)
THE EFFICACY OF A ‘REVERSED WIRE TECHNIQUE’ FOR TREATING BIFURCATION LESIONS IN PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: TIPS &amp; TRICKS” FOR SALVAGING THE SIDE BRANCH
Authors: Tomohiko Teramoto, Masashi Kimura, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Hirotomo Sato, Taku Ichihashi, Syuichi Ishizuka, Masanori Yamamoto, Atsuko Kodama, Maoto Habara, Kenya Nasu, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Tetsuo Matsubara, Takahiko Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Recombinant AAV Viral Vectors Pseudotyped with Viral Capsids from Serotypes 1, 2, and 5 Display Differential Efficiency and Cell Tropism after Delivery to Different Regions of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Corinna Burger, Oleg S. Gorbatyuk, Margaret J. Velardo, Carmen S. Peden, Philip Williams, Sergei Zolotukhin, Paul J. Reier, Ronald J. Mandel, Nicholas Muzyczka
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (rAAV2) has been shown to deliver genes to neurons effectively in the brain, retina, and spinal cord. The characterization of new AAV serotypes has revealed that they have different patterns of transduction in diverse tissues. We have investigated the tropism and transduction frequency in the central nervous system (CNS) of three different rAAV vector serotypes. The vectors contained AAV2 terminal repeats flanking a green fluorescent protein expression cassette under the control of the synthetic CBA promoter, in AAV1, AAV2, or AAV5 capsids, producing the pseudotypes rAAV2/1, rAAV2/2, and rAAV2/5. Rats were injected with rAAV2/1, rAAV2/2, or rAAV2/5 into selected regions of the CNS, including the hippocampus (HPC), substantia nigra (SN), striatum, globus pallidus, and spinal cord. In all regions injected, the three vectors transduced neurons almost exclusively. All three vectors transduced the SN pars compacta with high efficiency, but rAAV2/1 and rAAV2/5 also transduced the pars reticulata. Moreover, rAAV2/1 showed widespread distribution throughout the entire midbrain. In the HPC, rAAV2/1 and rAAV2/5 targeted the pyramidal cell layers in the CA1–CA3 regions, whereas AAV2/2 primarily transduced the hilar region of the dentate gyrus. In general, rAAV2/1 and rAAV2/5 exhibited higher transduction frequencies than rAAV2/2 in all regions injected, although the differences were marginal in some regions. Retrograde transport of rAAV1 and rAAV5 was also observed in particular CNS areas. These results suggest that vectors based on distinct AAV serotypes can be chosen for specific applications in the nervous system.
EARLY PREGNANCY AND EPITHELIOMATA
Authors: C. W. A. Emery
Journal: BMJ (1924)

On October 1st, the ninth day of disease, he was listless and apathetic.He was a bad colour, and the pulse remained frequent in spite of the fall of temperature.The liver edge could be felt 1 to 12 inches below the costal margin, and there was epigastric tenderness.The pericardium was tlherefore again aspirated, and 200 c.cm. of thin purulent fluid removed.This was again followed by definite pericardial friction sounds.Later in the same day it was decided to drain the pericardium.This was opened (V.T.)
PREPARATION OF HEMOGLOBIN SOLUTIONS FOR INTRAVENOUS INFUSION
Authors: Paul B. Hamilton, Lee E. Farr, Alma Hiller, Donald D. Van Slyke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

A procedure has been detailed for the preparation of sterile non-pyrogenic solutions of oxyhemoglobin which have the approximate protein content and electrolyte composition of plasma. Large volumes of solution can be rapidly prepared, with 95 to 98 per cent of the hemoglobin in the active form capable of combining with oxygen. The solutions contain no particulate matter; 95 per cent of total blood lipids are removed. Solutions stored at 4 degrees C. showed no conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin over a period of 2(1/2) months; over a 6 month period a small and variable amount of methemoglobin may be formed.
Specificity of antibodies secreted by hybridomas generated from activated B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: L P Chao, J Steele, C Rodrigues, J Lennard-Jones, J L Stanford, C Spiliadis, G A Rook
Journal: Gut (1988)

Hybridomas have been prepared from active B cells in lymphoid tissue draining lesions of Crohn9s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), by fusion of fresh mesenteric lymph node suspensions with the murine JK myeloma. Two hundred and fifty nine immunoglobulin secreting hybridomas have been obtained from nine patients. The antibodies have been screened for binding to food antigens, sections of human gut, and bacteria including two unidentified acid fast isolates from CD lymph nodes. Autoantibodies, and antibodies to food antigens implicated by others in the aetiology of CD were rare, comprising 1.2%, and 2.5% respectively. Most donors yielded none of these. Thus neither food antigens nor autoantigens are major antigenic stimuli in nodes draining inflammatory bowel disease. On the other hand between 19% and 83% of supernatants from different donors bound to one or more bacterial genus. The mycobacteria and the CD isolates were amongst the genera to which most antibodies bound, though binding to E coli was more frequent. Significantly more CD than UC derived supernatants bound to BCG. As mycobacteria are not though to be part of the normal bowel flora, the high percentage of hybridomas secreting antibodies which bind to this genus is surprising.
Hyperfractionated or Accelerated Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Audrey Mauguen, Cécile Le Péchoux, Michele I. Saunders, Steven E. Schild, Andrew T. Turrisi, Michael Baumann, William T. Sause, David Ball, Chandra P. Belani, James A. Bonner, Aleksander Zajusz, Suzanne E. Dahlberg, Matthew Nankivell, Sumithra J. Mandrekar, Rebecca Paulus, Katarzyna Behrendt, Rainer Koch, James F. Bishop, Stanley Dische, Rodrigo Arriagada, Dirk De Ruysscher, Jean-Pierre Pignon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

In lung cancer, randomized trials assessing hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy seem to yield conflicting results regarding the effects on overall (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS). The Meta-Analysis of Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer Collaborative Group decided to address the role of modified radiotherapy fractionation.We performed an individual patient data meta-analysis in patients with nonmetastatic lung cancer, which included trials comparing modified radiotherapy with conventional radiotherapy.In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 10 trials, 2,000 patients), modified fractionation improved OS as compared with conventional schedules (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.97; P = .009), resulting in an absolute benefit of 2.5% (8.3% to 10.8%) at 5 years. No evidence of heterogeneity between trials was found. There was no evidence of a benefit on PFS (HR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.03; P = .19). Modified radiotherapy reduced deaths resulting from lung cancer (HR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.98; P = .02), and there was a nonsignificant reduction of non-lung cancer deaths (HR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.15; P = .33). In small-cell lung cancer (SCLC; two trials, 685 patients), similar results were found: OS, HR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.02, P = .08; PFS, HR = 0.88, 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.03, P = .11. In both NSCLC and SCLC, the use of modified radiotherapy increased the risk of acute esophageal toxicity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.44 in NSCLC and OR = 2.41 in SCLC; P < .001) but did not have an impact on the risk of other acute toxicities.Patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC derived a significant OS benefit from accelerated or hyperfractionated radiotherapy; a similar but nonsignificant trend was observed for SCLC. As expected, there was increased acute esophageal toxicity.
ATP induced polarization of keratohyalin granules
Authors: WALTER B. SHELLEY, LENNART JUHLIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Within seconds of exposure of frozen sections of stratum granulosum of glycerinized cow hoof to a buffered solution of adenosinetriphosphate, the keratohyalin granules underwent transformation into polarized fine linear rods. This polarization phenomenon was associated with gross pleating, twisting and crumpling of the section, indicative of varying contractile forces.