tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Anti-hepatitis B Virus RNA Interference by Double-stranded Adeno-associated Virus Serotypes 7, 8, and 9
Authors: Chun-Chi Chen, Cheng-Pu Sun, Hsin-I Ma, Cheng-Chieh Fang, Pin-Yi Wu, Xiao Xiao, Mi-Hua Tao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Using a hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mouse model, we previously showed that a single dose of double-stranded adeno-associated virus (dsAAV) vector serotype 8 carrying a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) effectively reduces HBV replication and gene expression, but the effect gradually decreases with time. In this report, we compared the anti-HBV RNA interference (RNAi) effect of dsAAV8 with those of dsAAV7 and dsAAV9, two other hepatotropic AAV vectors, and examined whether the sequential use of these heterologous AAV vectors could prolong the anti-HBV effect. Our results showed that shRNA delivered by each of the three dsAAV vectors profoundly reduced the serum HBV titer and liver HBV mRNA and DNA levels in the transgenic mice for up to 22 weeks, with dsAAV8 having the greatest inhibitory effect, followed by dsAAV9 and dsAAV7. The potency of dsAAV8 correlated with the presence of higher levels of vector DNA and anti-HBV shRNA in the liver. An in vivo cross-administration experiment showed that preexisting anti-AAV8 antibody completely blocked the anti-HBV RNAi effect of dsAAV8, but had no effect on the potency of dsAAV7 and dsAAV9. Moreover, we demonstrated that a longer anti-HBV effect could be achieved by the sequential use of dsAAV8 and dsAAV9. These results indicate that effective and persistent HBV suppression might be achieved by a combination of the power of RNAi silencing effect and multiple treatments with different AAV serotypes. Using a hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mouse model, we previously showed that a single dose of double-stranded adeno-associated virus (dsAAV) vector serotype 8 carrying a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) effectively reduces HBV replication and gene expression, but the effect gradually decreases with time. In this report, we compared the anti-HBV RNA interference (RNAi) effect of dsAAV8 with those of dsAAV7 and dsAAV9, two other hepatotropic AAV vectors, and examined whether the sequential use of these heterologous AAV vectors could prolong the anti-HBV effect. Our results showed that shRNA delivered by each of the three dsAAV vectors profoundly reduced the serum HBV titer and liver HBV mRNA and DNA levels in the transgenic mice for up to 22 weeks, with dsAAV8 having the greatest inhibitory effect, followed by dsAAV9 and dsAAV7. The potency of dsAAV8 correlated with the presence of higher levels of vector DNA and anti-HBV shRNA in the liver. An in vivo cross-administration experiment showed that preexisting anti-AAV8 antibody completely blocked the anti-HBV RNAi effect of dsAAV8, but had no effect on the potency of dsAAV7 and dsAAV9. Moreover, we demonstrated that a longer anti-HBV effect could be achieved by the sequential use of dsAAV8 and dsAAV9. These results indicate that effective and persistent HBV suppression might be achieved by a combination of the power of RNAi silencing effect and multiple treatments with different AAV serotypes.
Th2 and regulatory immune reactions are increased in immunoglobin G4-related sclerosing pancreatitis and cholangitis
Authors: Yoh Zen, Takahiko Fujii, Kenichi Harada, Mitsuhiro Kawano, Kazunori Yamada, Masayuki Takahira, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Immunoglobin G (IgG) 4-related sclerosing pancreatitis and cholangitis (autoimmune pancreato-cholangitis [AIPC]) are recently recognized disease entities characterized by high serum IgG4 concentrations and sclerosing inflammation with numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells, although the underlining immune mechanism remains only speculative. In this study, the immunopathogenesis of AIPC was examined with respect to the production of cytokines in situ and the possible involvement of regulatory T cells (Tregs) using fresh (5 cases) and formalin-fixed (28 cases) specimens of AIPC and related extra-pancreatobiliary lesions. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that AIPC and extra-pancreatobiliary lesions had significantly higher ratios of interleukin (IL)-4/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (45.8-fold), IL-5/IFN-gamma (18.7-fold), IL-13/interferon (IFN)-gamma (20.7-fold), IL-10/CD4 (45.3-fold), and tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta/CD4 (39.4-fold) than did primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Lymphocytes with signals for IL-4 and IL-10 were frequently found in AIPC by in situ hybridization. The expression of Foxp3 messenger RNA, a transcription factor specific for naturally arising CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs, was significantly increased in AIPC and extra-pancreatobiliary lesions in comparison to PSC and PBC (36.4-fold). Immunohistochemically, CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells were frequently found in AIPC, while few were found in PSC and other disease controls. Taken together, AIPC could be characterized by the over-production of T helper (Th) 2 and regulatory cytokines. Tregs might be involved in the in situ production of IL-10 and TGF-beta, which could be followed by IgG4 class switching and fibroplasia.AIPC is a unique inflammatory disorder characterized by an immune reaction predominantly mediated by Th2 cells and Tregs.
Persisting through subjective effort: A key role for the anterior cingulate cortex?
Authors: Kristin L. Hillman, David K. Bilkey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract One shortcoming of Kurzban et al.'s model is that it is not clear how animals persist through subjectively effortful tasks, particularly over a long time course. We suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a critical role by encoding the utility of an action, and signalling where efforts should be best directed based on previous and prospected experience.
Lactate Clearance and Central Venous Oxygen Saturation in Early Sepsis
Authors: Bertrand Sauneuf
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Illustrations of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ulcer of the Stomach
Authors: W. F. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1859)

with little bleeding.Very severe symptoms, however, followed it.Some bleeding occurred-not, however, to any alarming extent, and easily controlled by plugging the wound.It was accompanied, howvever, by a succession of most severe fainting fits, so severe that the patient seemed likely to sink.At length, however, le recovered; and the pulse rapidly assumed its normal rate.No symptoms of hemorrhaae remained; and it seemed certain that the symptoms had been due entirely to the inhalation of chloroform.This is not the first time we have hlad occasion to note this action of chloroform, especially in operations on the urinary passages.In some of the in- stances, the very gravest fears have been entertained for the safety of the patient; but no instance has hitherto come to our knowledge where death has occurred.
The anti‐inflammatory profile of fluticasone propionate
Authors: M. Johnson
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Fluticasone propionate is a new corticosteroid based on the androstane nucleus. It is more lipophilic than beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and budesonide, and binds more avidly to human lung tissue. It has an absolute affinity (K D ) of 0.5 nM for the glucocorticoid receptor and a relative receptor aflinity 1.5‐ and 3.0‐times greater than that of beclomethasone‐17‐monopropionate (17‐BMP) and budesonide, respectively. The rate of association with the receptor is faster and the rate of dissociation slower than with standard corticosteroids. As a result, the half‐life of the corticosteroid‐receptor complex is &gt;10 h. Fluticasone propionate is also highly selective for the glucocorticoid receptor, with little or no activity at other steroid receptors. Pretreatment with fluticasone propionate signiflcantly inhibits the increase in mast cell numbers in the nasal mucosa of rats chronically exposed to toluene di‐isocyanate (TDI), and suppresses TDI‐induced mast cell degranulation. It is more potent in vitro than dexamethasone, BDP and budesonide in inhibiting anti‐CD3‐induced human T‐lymphocyte proliferation, in attenuating tumour necrosis factor‐α‐induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression, and in increasing secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor levels in airway epithelial cells. It is also more potent and longer‐acting than other corticosteroids in inhibiting oedema formation, interleukin‐5 (IL‐5)‐induced blood eosinophilia, and IL‐5‐ or platelet activating factor‐stimulated eosinophil accumulation in the lung. Fluticasone propionate therefore has increased intrinsic glucocorticoid potency and high topical anti‐inflammatory activity.
A Substitute for the Ligature
Authors: N. R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1868)

ON April 5th, I was asked to see a case of strangulated hernia.The patient was a robust man of middle agc; the hernia was scrotal, of about the size of a hen's egg, and seemingly direct; but it is proper to state that a truss had been worn on account of it for some years.The taxis made no impression on the size of the swelling, which was firm, and gave a dull sound on percussion; and, as symptoms of strangulation had existed for more than twelve hours, and vomiting had now set in, andI the patient's expression Was anxious, and the ptulse small and wiry, I proceedcd to operate, with the assistance of Dr. Brereton, Demonstrator of Anatomy, and Dr. England, the practitioner attending the case.The superficial fat, which was very thick, having been divided, and the sac of the hernia exposed by dissection, it appeared to me that the cause of strangulation was at the superficial inguinal ring, and I divided the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle for about a quarter of an inch.As soon, however, as this was done, a slight additional descent of intestine took plaec at the enlarged aperture, while the original hernia retained its dimensions, and was separated by a tight hour-glass constric- tion from the new bulging above.Thus, the whole cause of strangu.lation was seen to be situated at the constriction which lay before our eyes.On passing a finger down by the sides of this constriction, it was found that there was a structure like a string tightly grasping the in- testine on the sides as well as in front.Feeling uncertain what was the exact state of matters, I deemed it expedient to push an aneurism-needle beneath this structure, and, in doing this, perforated the sac, when a considerable escape of sanious fluid took place, but without the effect of relieving strangulation.I had then an opportunity of examininig at leisure the strangulating structure, and of observing that it was certainly an artery, quite free from thickened tissue, but stretched with a tightness that made circulation impossible.The vessel was tied in two places, and vas divided between the ligatures slowvly, ani attempt being made to
Update in Hepatology
Authors: Buddha Basnyat
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters7 November 2000Update in HepatologyBuddha Basnyat and R.M. ScottBuddha BasnyatNepal International Clinic; Kathmandu, Nepal (Basnyat)Warun, Nepal (Scott)Search for more papers by this author and R.M. ScottNepal International Clinic; Kathmandu, Nepal (Basnyat)Warun, Nepal (Scott)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The Update in Hepatology (1) was very informative, but it made almost no mention of hepatitis E. Hepatitis E is very uncommon in the United States, but astute physicians would have liked to read a line or two about hepatitis E. American travelers may be exposed to this virus. More important, an effective vaccine for hepatitis E, which affects thousands of people, may soon be available (2, 3).References1. Schiff ER. Update in hepatology. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:460-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Purcell RH, Ernerson SU, Robinson R, Shapiro M, Prieels JP. Pre-clinical evaluation of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine [Abstract]. 48th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. September 1999, Washington, DC. J Am Soc Trop Med Hygiene. 1999;61 Suppl 3. Google Scholar3. Shrestha SK, Scott RM, Shrestha MP, Preston C, Endy T, Myint KS, et al. A safety and immunogenicity study of a recombinant baculovirus expressed hepatitis E vaccine in healthy adult Nepalese volunteers. Late breaker presentation. 48th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. September 1999, Washington, DC. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nepal International Clinic; Kathmandu, Nepal (Basnyat)Warun, Nepal (Scott) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUpdate in Hepatology Eugene R. Schiff Metrics Cited ByInfections at High Altitude 7 November 2000Volume 133, Issue 9Page: 747KeywordsGastroenterology and hepatologyHepatitis EVaccines ePublished: 7 November 2000 Issue Published: 7 November 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Iincidence and Hospitalkation Patterns of Insulkin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Howard A Fishbein, Gerald A Faich, Susan E Ellis
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Data from a statewide insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) registry in Rhode Island show that IDDM affects young adults (20-29 yr) as frequently as adolescents and teenagers (10-19 yr). Overall incidence less than 30 yr was 14/100,000 population. Peak incidence occurred at 10-14 yr (19/100,000 population). Poor diabetic control and infection accounted for 46-62% of hospitalizations among 275 known diabetic persons. Despite a 10-yr mean duration of diabetes, only 31% of hospitalized diabetic persons less than 30 yr of age reported ever having received outpatient diabetes education of two or more hours. Readmissions 1 yr after initial registration were more frequent for known (43%) than new-onset (18%) IDDM cases. Increased risk of readmission for both groups was associated with a poverty socioeconomic status. Total direct hospitalization costs for IDDM in persons under 30 yr of age in Rhode Island was $530,000 per year of $2,245 per patient.
How to Improve the Public's Health
Authors: Leon S. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

I'm gonna live fast, love hard, die young, and leave a beautiful memory. [Country and Western Song Title]The Health-Care SystemThis is the era of the health-care system. Everyone, the politician, the administrator, the health professional, and recently even the physician, is concerned with its efficiency and effectiveness. It is generally agreed that access to the health-care system is too difficult for many Americans, particularly the poor and the near poor. Many believe that the quality of care provided by the system must be improved. Almost all believe that the cost of health care is too high and out . . .
Scytalidium infection associated with dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: J. Garg, R. Tilak, A.K. Gulati, S. Singh, P. Prakash, A. Garg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Scytalidium infection associated with dyskeratosis congenita Get access J. Garg, J. Garg Departments of Microbiology and Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Tilak, R. Tilak Departments of Microbiology and Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.K. Gulati, A.K. Gulati Departments of Microbiology and Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Singh, S. Singh Departments of Microbiology and Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Prakash, P. Prakash Departments of Microbiology and Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Garg A. Garg Departments of Microbiology and Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India Correspondence: Atul Garg. E‐mail: atulgargbhu@rediffmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 3, 1 March 2007, Pages 604–606, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07702.x Published: 01 March 2007
Transformation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia to acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Case report and review of the literature of lymphoblastic transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Peter A. Kouides, John M. Bennett
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

If chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) transforms into an acute leukemic phase, the blast crisis is invariably myeloid. Occasionally, the other subtypes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (refractory anemia, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation) have been noted to transform into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We now report a case of CMML that transformed into ALL and we review the literature of 13 other cases of MDS with ALL transformation. Such cases provide suggestive clinical evidence that MDS can involve a pluripotent stem cell.
Babe Ruth, Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer-Reply
Authors: Randal J. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —Dr Garner is correct in pointing out that the major risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma do not generally include alcohol and tobacco use. 1 Some studies, however, have shown that heavy exposure to tobacco 2 or alcohol 3 may be linked to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Unfortunately, Henderson et al 4 failed to address the question of the amount of exposure to tobacco and alcohol in their review of nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk factors that was referenced by Dr Garner.  Was Babe Ruth's cancer caused by his lifelong heavy use of tobacco and alcohol? In light of the best information available about nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk factors and about the life of Babe Ruth, his cancer probably was tied to his lifelong vices.  Given the magnitude of health risks involving alcohol and tobacco use—and particularly in view of the habits exemplified by many professional athletes of today 5 and
Risk-adapted postremission therapy in acute myeloid leukemia: results of the german multicenter AML HD93 treatment trial
Authors: R F Schlenk, A Benner, F Hartmann, F del Valle, C Weber, H Pralle, JTh Fischer, U Gunzer, A Pezzutto, W Weber, W Grimminger, J Preiß, M Hensel, S Fröhling, K Döhner, R Haas, H Döhner
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
New Oral Anticoagulants in Acute Coronary Syndromes: What Does a Meta-analysis Tell Us?
Authors: Joey S. W. Kwong, Cheuk-Man Yu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Compendium of Immunology
Authors: Roberto Kretschmer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To write a compendium of current topics in so rapidly evolving a field—both factually and conceptually—as immunology is a formidable task. Dr Schwartz has succeeded in his endeavor, operating as a reader to benefit his fellow readers, as he comments in the preface, and not as an immunology researcher. Not surprisingly, this compendium of immunology has its shortcomings. Some are apparently inevitable, such as length and repetition. Others are remediable, such as excessive redundancies that occasionally lead to confusion (eg, the terms "prozone" and "postzone" on pages 54 and 62), uneven balance between subjects, somewhat haphazard choice of references (some numbered and cited in the text, others not), and a weak cross-reference system within the<i>Compendium</i>. Most tables are informative, but many figures could have been eliminated (pages 3, 112, 133, 168, 304, and 324) or improved (pages 42, 63, 65, and 66). It would be impossible to detail
Survival at all costs?
Authors: H Marcovitch
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Back in prehistory, when I was a senior house officer in neonatology the house rule was that babies born weighing less than 1 kg (so who were usually of a gestation less than 28 weeks) were left largely to their own devices. About one in 10 surprised us by surviving, whereupon he or she was offered what then passed for intensive care as a reward for such fortitude. Over the decades I have watched as the boundaries of viability were pushed further into fetal life. Sooner or later the neonatologists, crying “Back, back!” were bound to pass the abortionists shouting, “On, on!”

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Evidence for a promoter of urate crystal formation in gouty synovial fluid.
Authors: N W McGill, P A Dieppe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The effect of serum and synovial fluid obtained from six healthy subjects and from 12 patients with gout, six with rheumatoid arthritis and 18 with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate arthropathy (CPPD) on the rate of in vitro urate crystal formation was measured. Gouty and normal serum produced similar results. Gouty synovial fluids promoted urate crystal formation significantly more than did rheumatoid or CPPD fluids. The promotion of urate crystal formation by gouty synovial fluid was not due to native urate crystals nor to an effect on the level of urate supersaturation. The development of gout in some, but not other, hyperuricaemic subjects may relate to the presence of promoters (or relative lack of inhibitors) of urate crystal formation in the group who develop gout.