tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical and histological features of head and neck melanoma: a population-based study in France
Authors: F. Dabouz, C. Barbe, C. Lesage, A. Le Clainche, G. Arnoult, E.  Hibon, P. Bernard, F. Grange
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background Head and neck melanomas (HNMs) account for an increasing proportion of melanomas and have a poor prognosis. Objectives To compare the clinical and histological characteristics of HNMs with those of melanomas at other sites (MOS), and to identify pertinent clinicopathological subgroups of HNM. Methods A retrospective population-based study of incident in situ and invasive melanomas in the period 2004–2011 was performed. Results HNMs represented 26·7% of 1548 melanomas, corresponding to a density ratio of 3·7 between HNMs and MOS. HNMs occurred later than MOS (71·2 vs. 58·4 years; P < 0·01), included a higher proportion of in situ cases (49·6% vs. 13·5%; P < 0·01) and were mainly lentigo malignant melanomas (73·0% vs. 2·6%; P < 0·01). Invasive HNMs included a higher proportion of thick (> 2 mm) tumours [33·7% vs. 24·1% (P = 0·01); mean Breslow thickness: 2·18 vs. 1·77 mm (P = 0·03)] and nodular melanomas (20·1% vs. 12%; P < 0·01). HNMs in the peripheral area of the head and neck differed from those of central location by a younger age of onset (65·2 vs. 72·4 years; P < 0·01), male predominance (64·4% vs. 33·8%; P < 0·01), and higher proportions of invasive (67·2% vs. 42%; P < 0·01) and nodular (15·1% vs. 7·5%; P = 0·01) melanomas. Conclusions HNMs highly differ from MOS, and are clinically and histologically heterogeneous, possibly as a consequence of different patterns of sun exposure. These data could help to improve primary and secondary prevention messages for patients and doctors.
Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor is essential for the viability and function of cultured murine epidermal Langerhans cells.
Authors: M D Witmer-Pack, W Olivier, J Valinsky, G Schuler, R M Steinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

A panning method has been developed to enrich Langerhans cells (LC) from murine epidermis. In standard culture media, the enriched populations progressively lose viability over a 3-d interval. When the cultures are supplemented with keratinocyte-conditioned medium, LC viability is improved and the cells increase in size and number of dendritic processes. Accessory function, as monitored by stimulating activity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), increases at least 10-20-fold. The conditioned media of stimulated macrophages and T cells also support the viability and maturation of cultured LC. A panel of purified cytokines has been tested, and only granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) substitutes for bulk-conditioned medium. The recombinant molecule exhibits half-maximal activity at 5 pM. Without activity are: IL-1-4; IFN-alpha/beta/gamma; cachectin/TNF; M- and G-CSF. A rabbit anti-GM-CSF specifically neutralizes the capacity of keratinocyte-conditioned medium to generate active LC. However, GM-CSF is not required for LC function during the MLR itself. We conclude that the development of immunologically active LC in culture is mediated by GM-CSF. The observation that these dendritic cells do not respond to lineage-specific G- and M-CSFs suggests that LC represent a distinct myeloid differentiation pathway. Because GM-CSF can be made by nonimmune cells and can mediate the production of active dendritic cells, this cytokine provides a T-independent mechanism for enhancing the sensitization phase of cell-mediated immunity.
Mechanisms of induction of endothelial cell E-selectin expression by smooth muscle cells and its inhibition by shear stress
Authors: Jeng-Jiann Chiu, Li-Jing Chen, Chih-I Lee, Pei-Ling Lee, Ding-Yu Lee, Min-Chien Tsai, Chia-Wen Lin, Shunichi Usami, Shu Chien
Journal: Blood (2007)
The Gene for the Poliovirus Receptor
Authors: Howard Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

In cultures containing mixed populations of mammalian somatic cells, two cells of diverse origin may fuse and produce mono-nucleated hybrid descendants that can be grown indefinitely. Even cells of different species can be hybridized in this way. The nature of the human-mouse hybrid cell lines that Mary Weiss and I prepared in 19671 suggested that these hybrids could be used to determine in which chromosome a particular human gene is located. The property that distinguished the human-mouse lines from other interspecies hybrids made earlier in the laboratory of Ephrussi2 was that during growth, they eliminated human chromosomes preferentially. Since conditions . . .
Infectious Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The reader picking up a book with this title probably expects current information on such topics as bacterial and aseptic meningitis, cryptococcal and tuberculous CNS infections, and brain abscesses. Most likely, he expects a summary of important knowledge on pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. I regret to state that the reader will be disappointed. This volume, a compilation of material presented at a recent symposium, includes discussions on pathophysiology and epidemiology of viral infections, scrapie prions, and immunemediated CNS diseases—hardly what most practitioners seek in a reference book. Topics of more clinical relevance, such as treatment of bacterial infections of the CNS, neuroradiological diagnosis of CNS infections, and herpes encephalitis, are dealt with superficially. Cryptococcal disease is not even discussed. Inaccuracies ("recommendations for prophylactic therapy [for<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>contacts] have not yet been established") and innumerable misspellings cast doubt on the preparation of this volume. That the book is not
The plasma membrane of Malpighian cells from pig epidermis: isolation and lipid and protein composition
Authors: G.M. GRAY, I.A. KING, H.J. YARDLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

A plasma membrane fraction from Malpighian cells has been isolated by differential and density gradient centrifugation of a pig epidermal homogenate. It was enriched in the marker enzymes 2-naphthylamidase, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase I and acid phosphatase and depleted of NADH-ferricyanide reductase and cytochrome c oxidase. It had a protein to lipid ratio of 3:2 by weight. The protein composition was complex with compounds ranging from a molecular weight of 150,000 down to 13,000. Major components with molecular weights 120,000 to 90,000 were glycoproteins. Two other components had molecular weights of 39,000 (actin ?) and 24,000. There were minor components with molecular weights from 63,000 to 46,000. About 76% of the total lipid was present as phospholipid, which was enriched in sphingomyelin. Most of the neutral lipids were accounted for by cholesterol, triacylglycerols and fatty acids: very little glycosphingolipid was present. The preparation was probably derived from non-desmosomal areas of the plasma membrane of Malpighian cells, as desmosomes were not seen in the preparation.
New approaches to selecting medical staff
Authors: M. Cook
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In the second of his articles on the recruitment of doctors, occupational psychologist Mark Cook examines newer techniques that may help select the best person for the job 

Last week I noted that traditional approaches to recruiting doctors often did not define what was being looked for in medical staff and used methods of poor validity such as the letter of reference and the unstructured interview.1 In this paper I review the use of other methods, which have been devised mostly by industrial and organisational psychologists and may give better results.

Extensive research on intelligence tests shows that they predict performance at work well, for nearly all types of work. They may, however, be less useful in selecting doctors, given that access to the profession has depended on very high grades in university admission examinations. These entry requirements are likely to mean that few doctors would get anything but high scores in intelligence tests, so such tests would not contribute useful information in selection. The American general aptitude test battery has information on average intelligence quotients (IQs) for 444 occupational groups, in which general practitioners (with an average IQ of 136) are beaten to the top only by mathematicians (mean IQ 143).2

Some approaches to testing intellectual ability favour aptitude batteries - from four to 12 separate tests, assessing spatial ability, memory, manual dexter- ity, etc. In theory, differential aptitude testing should give more accurate predictions on the assumption that each job requires a different profile of abilities: surgeons need dexter- ity, general practitioners (these days) need financial numeracy, psychiatrists need verbal skills, etc. In practice, scores for different aptitudes are highly correlated, so multiplying the number of tests may not add that much extra information.3 A high score in an ability test does not guarantee that the applicant will …
Serological diagnosis of rubella.
Authors: J. Desmyter
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Ban= 119 chore unlikely to be undertaken readily by general practitioners.Again, if it were undertaken, the number of specimens would be such as to swamp all available laboratory facilities (possibly something like 17,000 specimens would need to be obtained, trans- mitted, and examined in the laboratory each day throughout the United Kingdom).The introduction of convenient media for semiquantitative bacterial counts could help to cut this volume of work by about one third if the new technique allowed for incubation and reading on the practice premises; the Positives and doubtful positives only would be transmitted to the laboratory.There is nothing mystical about the technique, and personal experience supports the contention that it is well within the capability of a practice sister or other suitably trained worker.Three requirements must be met for this change in primary medical care to come about:Equipment: the commercially available media and a simple incubator would need to be readily available to all general practi- tioners who wish to use this method.Organization: including the establishing of van collection services, and better communi- cations with laboratories.Demonstration: that this method in fact raises the quality of medical care.-Iam, etc.,
Genetic Modeling of Human Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Corinne M. Linardic, Diane L. Downie, Stephen Qualman, Rex C. Bentley, Christopher M. Counter
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma, a malignancy showing features of skeletal muscle differentiation, is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. The identification of distinct clinical presentation patterns, histologic tumor types, and risk groups suggests that rhabdomyosarcoma is a collection of highly related sarcomas rather than a single entity. In an effort to understand this seemingly heterogeneous malignancy, we constructed a genetically defined but malleable model of rhabdomyosarcoma by converting less differentiated human skeletal muscle cell precursors (SkMC) and committed human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) into their malignant counterparts by targeting pathways altered in rhabdomyosarcoma. Whereas the two cell types were both tumorigenic, SkMCs gave rise to highly heterogeneous tumors occasionally displaying features of rhabdomyosarcoma, whereas HSMMs formed rhabdomyosarcoma-like tumors with an embryonal morphology, capable of invasion and metastasis. Thus, despite introducing the same panel of genetic changes, altering the skeletal muscle cell of origin led to different tumor morphologies, suggesting that cell of origin may dictate rhabdomyosarcoma tumor histology. The ability to now genetically induce human rhabdomyosarcoma-like tumors provides a representative model to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying this cancer.
Induction of arthritis by purified cell-derived chemotactic factor: role of chemotaxis and vascular permeability.
Authors: I Spilberg, D Rosenberg, B Mandell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The injection of monosidium urate-induced chemotactic factor into the joint cavities of rabbits induces an acute inflammatory response that resembles the one produced by monosodium urate crystals. The leukocyte accumulation induced by the factor was not accompanied by a measurable increase in vascular permeability as measured by appearance of 125I-albumin in the joint cavity. When histamine was injected into the joints, a marked increase in vascular permeability but no leukocytosis above control levels was observed. The above results suggest that the cell-derived factor is primarily responsible for the accumulation of cells seen in the acute inflammation induced by monosodium urate crystals.
Abstract 3032: MicroRNA profiling in head and neck cancer
Authors: Ya-Ching Lu, Ann-Joy Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules, such as micorRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to play an important role in human carcinogenesis. These 21-23 nucleotides of miRNAs will silence gene expressions through binding to the 3’UTR of their target mRNAs. Previous evidence with differential expression of microRNA in cancer and normal samples suggests that they are involved in the development of cancer. To identify the miRNA expression specific for head-neck cancer (HNC), the miRNA profiling of 6 cancer cell lines, 2 immortalized normal cell lines and 3 lines of primary normal cell were performed by miRNA microarray. Total of 470 human miRNA were screened for the differential expressions between cancer and normal cell lines. There were 23 miRNAs expressed significantly between two groups (P &amp;lt; 0.05), with 19 elevated and 4 decreased in HNC cell lines. Of which, 9 miRNAs were further validated using RT-qPCR analysis, including miR-10b. The biological function of miR-10b was investigated. Suppression of miR-10b expression by anti-sense oligonucleotide led to repression of cell migration and invasion phenotype. However, there is no significant effect on cell growth, apoptosis or chemo/radio-sensitivity. In conclusion, we have identified at least 9 miRNAs which associated with HNC. miR-10b plays role in the carcinogenesis through promoting cancer cell migrating and invasive, while no effect on cell viability or stress responses. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3032.
Abstract 659: Simvastatin Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Kazufumi Nakamura, Tetsuya Ikeda, Hideki Fujio, Aiko Ogawa, Kaoru Kobayashi, Aya Miura, Daiji Miura, Satoshi Nagase, Soichiro Fuke, Takefumi Oka, Satoshi Mohri, Kengo F Kusano, Hiromi Matsubara, Masahiro Miyazaki, Hiroshi Date, Tohru Ohe
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a progressive disease characterized by inappropriate increase of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) leading to occlusion of pulmonary arterioles and causing pulmonary hypertension. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory effects of simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on proliferation and migration of PASMCs obtained from patients with IPAH. Methods and Results: PASMCs were obtained from 6 patients with IPAH who underwent lung transplantation, and PASMCs were obtained as control cells from 6 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma who underwent lung lobectomy. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (10 ng/mL) stimulation caused a significantly higher growth rate of PASMCs from patients with IPAH than that of control cells assessed by 3 H-thymidine incorporation ( P&lt; 0.05). Simvastatin at 0.1 Â113&gt;mol/L significantly inhibited PDGF-induced cell proliferation of PASMCs from IPAH patients but did not inhibit proliferation of control cells at the same concentration. Simvastatin at 1 Â113&gt;mol/L also inhibited PDGF-induced migration of PASMCs from IPAH patients assessed by a transwell migration assay ( P&lt; 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining revealed that simvastatin at 1 Â113&gt;mol/L inhibited translocation of Rho A from the cytoplasm to membrane and disorganized actin fibers in PASMCs from IPAH patients. Conclusions: Simvastatin had an inhibitory effect on the inappropriate proliferation and migration of PASMCs from IPAH patients. Simvastatin may be useful for treatment of patients with IPAH.
Increased catabolic rate of low density lipoproteins in humans with cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency.
Authors: K Ikewaki, M Nishiwaki, T Sakamoto, T Ishikawa, T Fairwell, L A Zech, M Nagano, H Nakamura, H B Brewer, D J Rader
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers lipids among lipoprotein particles and plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism. Humans with genetic deficiency of CETP have both elevated HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations as well as decreased LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the metabolic basis for the decreased LDL cholesterol and apo B levels in CETP deficiency. We conducted a series of in vivo apo B kinetic studies in tow unrelated homozygotes with CETP deficiency and in control subjects. A primed constant infusion of stable isotopically labeled phenylalanine was administered to the two CETP deficient subjects and control subjects and apo B kinetic parameters in VLDL, intermediate density lipoproteins, and LDL were obtained by using a multicompartmental model. The fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of LDL apo B were significantly increased in the CETP-deficient subjects (0.56 and 0.75/d) compared with the controls (mean FCR of 0.39/d). Furthermore, the production rates of apo B in VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein were decreased by 55% and 81%, respectively, in CETP deficiency compared with the controls. In conclusion, CETP-deficient subjects were demonstrated to have substantially increased catabolic rates of LDL apo B as the primary metabolic basis for the low plasma levels of LDL apo B. This result indicates that the LDL receptor pathway may be up-regulated in CETP deficiency.
Functional changes induced by chronic UVA irradiation to cultured human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: E. Naru, T. Suzuki, M. Moriyama, K. Inomata, A. Hayashi, K. Arakane, K. Kaji
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces damage of the skin, and in particular, photoageing is known to be the result of chronic UV irradiation. Many investigations have attempted to clarify the mechanisms of photoageing induced by chronic UVA irradiation, but consensus has not been achieved yet by in vivo experiments, mostly due to differences among UV sources and animals used for experiments. In vitro experiments have shown that a single exposure to UVA irradiation causes overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases and denaturation of collagen, but the mechanisms of the photoageing effects of chronic UVA irradiation are still unclear. To examine the effects of chronic UVA irradiation, we used an in vitro fibroblast cellular ageing system as a model of photoageing. Chronic UVA irradiation of normal human fibroblasts induced shortening of the cellular life span and an increase of cellular diameter, in parallel with expression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase. Extracellular degradation enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) was overexpressed after repeated UVA irradiation, but tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) expression was hardly changed by chronic UVA irradiation. We conclude that chronic UVA irradiation of normal human fibroblasts induces cellular functional changes, leading to accelerated cellular ageing and MMP-1 overexpression.
Current therapeutic approaches in childhood chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: B. Dikici, F. Ozgenc, A. Kalayci, S. Targan, T. Ozkan, A. Selimoglu, T. Doganci, A. Kansu, S. Tosun, N. Arslan, E. Kasirga, M. Bosnak, A. Ece, B. Buyukgebiz, S. Aydogdu, N. Girgin, R.V. Yagci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Increased university fees and graduate medical students
Authors: M Corrigan, D W K Cotton, S M Hopkins, J. E Loker, H Plummer, E. Portman
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Respiratory side effects of beta-blockers SIR,-I would like to comment on one aspect of the hazards of beta-blockers (leading article, 26 February, p 529)-namely, their use in patients with airways obstruction.It is well known that blockade of beta2 receptors may lead to bronchoconstriction in asthmatics.'This risk is said to be less with the so-called selective beta-blockers, which block predominantely the beta, receptors.My
New Drug-Eluting Stents Under Study
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A new contact sensitizer, diphencyprone, in the treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: S.P. MacDonald-Hull, J.F.B. Norris
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article A new contact sensitizer, diphencyprone, in the treatment of alopecia areata Get access S.P. MacDonald‐Hull, S.P. MacDonald‐Hull Dermatology Department, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.F.B. Norris J.F.B. Norris Dermatology Department, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Page 22, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12006.x Published: 01 June 1987
Cultural transmission with an evolved intuitive ontology: Domain-specific cognitive tracks of inheritance
Authors: Pascal Boyer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Atran's account of cultural transmission can be further refined by considering constraints from early-developed, domain-specific intuitive ontological understanding. These suggest specific predictions about the cultural survival of “memes,” depending on the way they activate intuitive understanding. There is no general dynamic of cultural inheritance; only complex predictions for domain-specific competencies that cut across cultural domains.