tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nontranscriptional Regulation of Cardiac Repolarization Currents by Testosterone
Authors: Chang-Xi Bai, Junko Kurokawa, Masaji Tamagawa, Haruaki Nakaya, Tetsushi Furukawa
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Women have longer QT c intervals than men and are at greater risk for arrhythmias associated with long QT c intervals, such as drug-induced torsade de pointes. Recent clinical and experimental data suggest an important role of testosterone in sex-related differences in ventricular repolarization. However, studies on effects of testosterone on ionic currents in cardiac myocytes are limited. Methods and Results— We examined effects of testosterone on action potential duration (APD) and membrane currents in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes using patch-clamp techniques. Testosterone rapidly shortened APD, with an EC 50 of 2.1 to 8.7 nmol/L, which is within the limits of physiological testosterone levels in men. APD shortening by testosterone was mainly due to enhancement of slowly activating delayed rectifier K + currents ( I Ks ) and suppression of L-type Ca 2+ currents ( I Ca,L ), because testosterone failed to shorten APD in the presence of an I Ks inhibitor, chromanol 293B, and an I Ca,L inhibitor, nisoldipine. A nitric oxide (NO) scavenger and an inhibitor of NO synthase 3 (NOS3) reversed the effects of testosterone on APD, which suggests that NO released from NOS3 is responsible for the electrophysiological effects of testosterone. Electrophysiological effects of testosterone were reversed by a blocker of testosterone receptors, a c-Src inhibitor, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, and an Akt inhibitor. Immunoblot analysis revealed that testosterone induced phosphorylation of Akt and NOS3. Conclusions— The nontranscriptional regulation of I Ks and I Ca,L by testosterone is a novel regulatory mechanism of cardiac repolarization that can potentially contribute to the control of QT c intervals by androgen.
Case 27-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Raymond S. Koff, David L. Gang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 25-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of liver disease.He was well until seven weeks earlier, when he experienced the onset of malaise, daily fever, chilliness, night sweats, and headache. Anorexia developed, and he discontinued the use of alcohol and tobacco. Three weeks later he came to this hospital, where physical examination showed that the temperature was 36.3°C; no jaundice or lymphadenopathy was found. The liver span was 10 cm, with a firm, slightly tender edge; the spleen was not felt. The urine gave a + test for bile and was otherwise normal. The . . .
Fatal Infections Associated with Mifepristone-Induced Abortion
Authors: Michael F. Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Dr. Michael F. Greene on fatal infections associated with mifepristone-induced abortion. (07:00)Download The Population Council submitted a new drug application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on March 14, 1996, for the progesterone antagonist mifepristone (also known as RU 486) to be used as an abortifacient. The application was based on two studies, involving a total of 4600 women, of the drug's safety and efficacy in the termination of early pregnancies. Four years later, a review article in the Journal1 cited 14 studies of mifepristone with more than 300 patients per study and a total of 26,000 treated women. By the summer of 2000, mifepristone had been used to treat more . . .
Community-based Targeted Case Finding for Tuberculosis and HIV in Household Contacts of Patients with Tuberculosis in South Africa
Authors: Adrienne E. Shapiro, Ebrahim Variava, Modiehi H. Rakgokong, Neshen Moodley, Binnu Luke, Saeed Salimi, Richard E. Chaisson, Jonathan E. Golub, Neil A. Martinson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

South Africa has a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-coinfected adults in whom TB is often diagnosed late in the course of disease.Improved case-finding approaches for TB and HIV are needed to reduce mortality and prevent transmission.We identified newly diagnosed index TB cases in a rural district and enrolled their households in a TB-HIV contact-tracing study. A group of randomly selected control households were enrolled to determine community prevalence of undetected TB and HIV. Field teams screened participants for TB symptoms, collected sputum specimens for smear microscopy and culture, provided HIV counseling and testing, and collected blood for CD4 testing. Participants were referred to public clinics for TB treatment and antiretroviral therapy.We evaluated 2,843 household contacts of 727 index patients with TB and 983 randomly selected control household members. The prevalence of TB in household contacts was 6,075 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 5,789-6,360 per 100,000), whereas the prevalence detected in randomly selected households was 407 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 0-912 per 100,000; prevalence difference, 5,668 per 100,000; P < 0.001). TB detected among contacts was less likely to be smear-positive than in the index patients (6% vs. 22%; P < 0.001). Most contacts with culture-confirmed TB were asymptomatic. At least one case of undiagnosed TB was found in 141 (19%) of 727 contact versus 4 (1%) of 312 control households. HIV testing was positive in 166 (11%) of 1,568 contacts tested versus 76 (14%) of 521 control participants tested (odds ratio, 1.48; P = 0.02).Active case finding in TB contact households should be considered to improve TB and HIV case detection in high-prevalence settings, but sensitive diagnostic tools are necessary.
THE INHERITANCE OF INDIVIDUAL ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITIES OF RABBIT ANTIBODIES TO STREPTOCOCCAL CARBOHYDRATES
Authors: Klaus Eichmann, Thomas J. Kindt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The inheritance of individual antigenic specificities (IAS) of rabbit antibodies to the Group C streptococcal carbohydrate was demonstrated in a selectively bred rabbit family. The IAS of the antibodies from 3 proband rabbits were also observed in the Group C antibodies in as many as 7 out of 42 related rabbits, but in none of the Group C antibodies from 48 unrelated rabbits, Immunodiffusion analyses and quantitative radioprecipitin experiments revealed that this cross-specificity may be either partial or complete. Quantitative inhibition of the precipitin reaction between the proband antibody and its antiserum by preimmune IgG revealed 30-fold differences in the proportion of molecules with cross-specificity for the proband antibody. This proportion is higher in the preimmune IgG of the proband rabbit and of those relatives which produced cross-precipitating antibodies than it is in the IgG of rabbits which had the same group a allotype, but did not produce cross-precipitating antibodies. The proportion is much lower in the IgG of rabbits with a group a allotype different from that of the proband antibody. These data suggest that serologically detected individual antigenic specificities are inherited markers of immunoglobulins.
Chemokine Sequestration by Viral Chemoreceptors as a Novel Viral Escape Strategy: Withdrawal of Chemokines from the Environment of Cytomegalovirus-infected Cells
Authors: Bahram Bodaghi, Thomas R. Jones, Donato Zipeto, Claudio Vita, Lei Sun, Lysiane Laurent, Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos, Jean-Louis Virelizier, Susan Michelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a betaherpesvirus, has developed several ways to evade the immune system, notably downregulation of cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains. Here we report that HCMV has devised another means to compromise immune surveillance mechanisms. Extracellular accumulation of both constitutively produced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor necrosis factor–superinduced RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) was downregulated in HCMV-infected fibroblasts in the absence of transcriptional repression or the expression of polyadenylated RNA for the cellular chemokine receptors CCR-1, CCR-3, and CCR-5. Competitive binding experiments demonstrated that HCMV-infected cells bind RANTES, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, and MCP-3, but not MCP-2, to the same receptor as does MIP-1α, which is not expressed in uninfected cells. HCMV encodes three proteins with homology to CC chemokine receptors: US27, US28, and UL33. Cells infected with HCMV mutants deleted of US28, or both US27 and US28 genes, failed to downregulate extracellular accumulation of either RANTES or MCP-1. In contrast, cells infected with a mutant deleted of US27 continues to bind and downregulate those chemokines. Depletion of chemokines from the culture medium was at least partially due to continuous internalization of extracellular chemokine, since exogenously added, biotinylated RANTES accumulated in HCMV-infected cells. Thus, HCMV can modify the chemokine environment of infected cells through intense sequestering of CC chemokines, mediated principally by expression of the US28-encoded chemokine receptor.
Cartilage degradation by polymorphonuclear leucocytes: in vitro assessment of the pathogenic mechanisms.
Authors: A R Moore, H Iwamura, J P Larbre, D L Scott, D A Willoughby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs), which predominate in inflammatory synovial fluid, can degrade cartilage. This was measured by a novel in vitro model; PMNs were incubated for up to one hour with 2 or 3 microns sections of cartilage and the glycosaminoglycan loss determined by microdensitometry after alcian blue staining. Glycosaminoglycan loss could be as a result of damage from reactive oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes, or a combination of the two. The relative contributions of these mechanisms were evaluated using selective inhibitors. The results show that activated PMNs will degrade cartilage and that this degradation is due to proteolytic enzymes and not reactive oxygen species. There is a specificity involving elastase but not other serine proteases. It is suggested that enzyme inhibition may play a part in reducing PMN mediated cartilage damage.
ALLERGIC FACTORS IN RHINORRHOEA AND NASAL CATARRH
Authors: T. Just
Journal: BMJ (1934)

RHINORRHOEAT MEIBRCALSRORNAL 587 when the growth is confined to the bladder.The infiltrating type, on the other hand, is more radio-resistant, and operable cases of this type should, I think, be treated by resection.Inoperable cases must be carefully considered.If they are extensive within the bladder their extravesical spread probably renders them incurable by any means, and widespread interstitial irradiation runs the danger of making the patient more miserable than he was before.Experience with these sixty cases at the Radium Institute seems to show that cystoscopic implantation of seeds should be limited to those cases of papillary carcinoma where the growth or growths are not more than 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, and that larger growths should be dealt with by the suprapubic route that operable infiltrating carcinoma should be resected and that great care must be taken in selecting inoperable cases suitable for radium treatment.
Payments announced for patients infected with hepatitis C
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

British patients infected with hepatitis C through blood, blood products, or organ transplants during NHS treatment are to receive payments of up to £45 000 ($82 298, €65 417) under a government compensation scheme unveiled last week.

The ex gratia scheme will include patients who have cleared the virus through antiviral treatment (but not those who have cleared it spontaneously), those who caught the virus from someone else who was infected by NHS treatment, and those who are also infected with HIV. …
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS FROM SESQUITERPENOIDS OF THE COMPOSITAE FAMILY OF PLANTS
Authors: J. C. MITCHELL, G. DUPUIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 84, Issue 2 p. 139-150 ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS FROM SESQUITERPENOIDS OF THE COMPOSITAE FAMILY OF PLANTS J. C. MITCHELL, J. C. MITCHELL Division of Dermatology and Departmant of Botany, The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, British Columbia, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorG. DUPUIS, G. DUPUIS Division of Dermatology and Departmant of Botany, The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, British Columbia, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author J. C. MITCHELL, J. C. MITCHELL Division of Dermatology and Departmant of Botany, The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, British Columbia, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorG. DUPUIS, G. DUPUIS Division of Dermatology and Departmant of Botany, The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, British Columbia, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1971 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb06857.xCitations: 122AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume84, Issue2February 1971Pages 139-150 RelatedInformation
If a wound is "neatly incised" it is not a laceration
Authors: C M Milroy, G N Rutty
Journal: BMJ (1997)

More widespread public debate on rationing is essentialEditor-We find it significant that none of the clinicians who contributed to the conference "Rationing in the NHS: Time to Get Real" signed the open letter to Frank Dobson. 1 In the letter, rationing is defined as occurring when not all health services can be provided to everybody who might benefit from them, a definition so broad that it can be said always to have existed.Yet most British clinicians would not recognise the examples given as rationing.A young woman with high cholesterol as a single risk factor for coronary heart disease may be "denied" drug treatment and given dietary advice instead simply because the risks of side effects outweigh the marginal benefit; this is rational, not rationing.Again, "denying" magnetic resonance imaging for uncomplicated migraine in a young person has nothing to do with cost: the risks of iatrogenic anxiety and distress are far greater than any possible benefit from such intervention.The authors do the cause of so called smart rationing a disservice by these examples.This debate is too important to be "dumbed down" in this way.Whenever rationing is discussed there is a tension between those whose professional discipline (health economics, medical ethics, or policy analysis) allows them to work with broad underlying principles and those who are constantly brought face to face with the limitations of these principles through daily contact with patients.The former are much more likely to believe that it is possible and appropriate to base all rationing decisions on a series of well argued principles.Life for the latter is far messier: it is often impossible to apply broad principle to individual cases, let alone find a "currency of comparison" 2 that will enable the claims of, for example, a dying older person on an understaffed geriatric ward to be ranked against those of a patient with multiple sclerosis who might benefit from interferon beta.Struggling to make these sorts of comparisons is painful; the examples given in the open letter tax no one and thereby offer false hope of easy solutions.It is because the choices are difficult that more widespread public debate is essential.Only through such a debate can we all, as citizens, realise what is happening to the NHS, consider if that is the NHS that we want, and decide how much of our taxes an NHS worthy of the name deserves.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in an HIV-positive man: response to cetirizine
Authors: D.W.S. HARRIS, L. OSTLERE, C. BUCKLEY, M. JOHNSON, M.H.A. RUSTIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in an HIV‐positive man: response to cetirizine Get access D.W.S. HARRIS, D.W.S. HARRIS Departments of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London NW3 2QG, U.K. D.W.S.Harris. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. OSTLERE, L. OSTLERE Departments of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London NW3 2QG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. BUCKLEY, C. BUCKLEY Departments of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London NW3 2QG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. JOHNSON, M. JOHNSON Departments of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London NW3 2QG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.H.A. RUSTIN M.H.A. RUSTIN Departments of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London NW3 2QG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 4, 1 April 1992, Pages 392–394, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00687.x Published: 01 April 1992
Statistical Operations: Analysis of Health Research Data
Authors: Robert P. Hirsch, Richard K. Riegelman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Directionally Specific Paracrine Communication Mediated by Epithelial FGF9 to Stromal FGFR3 in Two-Compartment Premalignant Prostate Tumors
Authors: Chengliu Jin, Fen Wang, Xiaochong Wu, Chundong Yu, Yongde Luo, Wallace L. McKeehan
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Tissue homeostasis in normal prostate and two-compartment nonmalignant prostate tumors depends on harmonious two-way communications between epithelial and stromal compartments. Within the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, signaling to an epithelial cell-specific FGF receptor (FGFR) 2IIIb-heparan sulfate complex from stromal-specific FGF7 and FGF10 delivers directionally specific instruction from stroma to epithelium without autocrine interference. Using a two-compartment transplantable prostate tumor model in which survival of stromal cells in vivo depends on epithelial cells, we show that signaling from epithelial FGF9 to stromal FGFR3 potentially mediates epithelial-to-stromal communication that also is directionally specific. FGF9 mRNA was expressed exclusively in the epithelial cells derived from well-differentiated, two-compartment Dunning R3327 rat prostate tumors. In contrast, FGFR3 was expressed at functionally significant levels only in the derived stromal cells. Competition binding and immunoprecipitation assays revealed that FGF9 only bound to an FGFR on the stromal cells. FGF9 also failed to covalently cross-link to clonal lines of stromal cells devoid of FGFR3 that expressed FGFR1 and FGFR2IIIc. Furthermore, FGF9 specifically stimulated DNA synthesis in stromal cells expressing FGFR3. These results demonstrate a directionally specific paracrine signaling from epithelial FGF9 and stromal FGFR3. Similar to the FGF7/FGF10 to FGFR2IIIb signaling from the stroma to the epithelium, the directional specificity from epithelium to stroma appears set by a combination of cell-specific expression of isoforms and cell-context specificity of FGFR isotypes for FGF.
Researchers call for national funding to monitor all birth defects
Authors: S. Wedgwood
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Most congenital anomalies in England and Wales go unreported with the risk that clusters of defects could go undetected and not be investigated, says researchers.

The second annual report of congenital anomalies in England and Wales found that one in every 45 babies (2.2%, an estimated 16 000 babies) born in 2010 had a birth defect. This level of congenital anomalies has remained stable for the past five years and is similar to the rest of Europe.1

The report found that the most common anomalies were congenital heart defects, which affected at least five in 1000 births.

Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, affected one in 1000 babies, as did gastroschisis. Regional monitoring has shown that gastroschisis has become more common in some areas, including …
Increasing Rates of Depression-Reply
Authors: Gerald L. Klerman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  The seasonal disorder hypothesis discussed by Dr Mueller is an interesting one and one we did not consider, partly because the Epidemiologic Catchment Area with the five-site data did not show an effect of season on rates of major depression.  Since the article was published, we have identified other population studies, using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition , or Research Diagnostic Criteria, undertaken in China, Taiwan, and Texas, thus giving us a broader range of latitudes to explore. The reason why a seasonal disorder would be increasing is unclear.  Our article entitled Increasing Rate of Depression does end with a large question. We think that the evidence for secular change in the rate of depression, based on thousands of persons from different countries and different investigations, is not entirely an artifact and that the absence of secular change in some parts of the world
Kyoto protocol rescued in Bonn
Authors: K. Sheridan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Success came at the 11th hour at United Nations climate talks in Bonn as the future of the Kyoto protocol was saved by a last minute compromise.

Ministers from 174 countries went into an all night session and an unplanned fifth day of talks as negotiators and the conference chairman—the Dutch environment minister, Jan Pronk—tried to break the deadlock on the main issue of disagreement, legal penalties. This centred on whether to have legally binding penalties for countries failing to …