tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A new self-emulsifying formulation of mefenamic acid with enhanced drug dissolution
Authors: Pornsak Sriamornsak, Sontaya Limmatvapirat, Suchada Piriyaprasarth, Punyanutch Mansukmanee, Zongkang Huang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

To enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble mefenamic acid, self-emulsifying formulation (SEF), composing of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, was formulated. Among the oils and surfactants studied, Imwitor® 742, Tween® 60, Cremophore® EL and Transcutol® HP were selected as they showed maximal solubility to mefenamic acid. The ternary phase diagram was constructed to find optimal concentration that provided the highest drug loading. The droplet size after dispersion and drug dissolution of selected formulations were investigated. The results showed that the formulation containing Imwitor® 742, Tween® 60 and Transcutol® HP (10:30:60) can encapsulate high amount of mefenamic acid. The dissolution study demonstrated that, in the medium containing surfactant, nearly 100% of mefenamic acid were dissolved from SEF within 5 min while 80% of drugs were dissolved from the commercial product in 45 min. In phosphate buffer (without surfactant), 80% of drug were dissolved from the developed SEF within 5 min while only about 13% of drug were dissolved in 45 min, from the commercial product. The results suggested that the SEF can enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drug and has a potential to enhance drug absorption and improve bioavailability of drug.
Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Colitis
Authors: David A. Nardone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 September 1996Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile ColitisDavid A. Nardone, MDDavid A. Nardone, MDVeterans Health Administration, Portland, OR 97207Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In the article by Manabe and colleagues [1] on Clostridium difficile colitis, only a length of stay of 5 days or longer seems to be of value in managing patients (Table 1). The “ideal” high true-positive rate and low negative likelihood ratio make this an excellent screening test for ruling out C. difficile colitis. I disagree that previous use of cephalosporin is an important predictor, because the positive likelihood ratio is too low and the negative likelihood ratio is too high. I recommend that the authors evaluate combinations of historical findings to define a positive index test ...References1. Manabe YC, Vinetz JM, Moore RD, Merz C, Charache P, Bartlett JG. Clostridium difficile colitis: an efficient clinical approach to diagnosis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:835-40. Google Scholar2. Deyo RA, Rainville J, Kent DL. What can the history and physical examination tell us about low back pain? JAMA. 1992; 268:760-5. Google Scholar3. Nardone DA, Roth KM, Mazur DJ, McAfee JH. Usefulness of physical examination in detecting the presence or absence of anemia. Arch Intern Med. 1990; 150:201-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Health Administration, Portland, OR 97207 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 6Page: 515KeywordsAntibioticsBehaviorC difficile colitisLaboratory testsLength of stayLikelihood ratio Issue Published: 15 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Chorionic villus sampling.
Authors: D. T. Liu
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Chromatin accessibility is modulated in a variety of ways, both to create open and closed chromatin states which are critical for eukaryotic gene regulation. At the mechanistic single molecule level, how accessibility is regulated remains a fundamental question in the field. Here, we use single molecule tracking by high-speed atomic force microscopy to investigate this question using chromatin arrays and extend our findings into the nucleus. By high-speed atomic force microscopy, we tracked chromatin dynamics in real time and observed that the essential kinetochore protein CENP-C reduces the diffusion constant of CENP-A nucleosomes and the linker H1.5 protein restricts H3 nucleosome mobility. We subsequently interrogated how CENP-C modulates CENP-A chromatin dynamics <i>in vivo</i>. Overexpressing CENP-C resulted in reduced centromeric transcription and impaired loading of new CENP-A molecules. These data suggest a model in which inner kinetochore proteins are critically involved in modulating chromatin accessibility and consequently, noncoding transcription at human centromeres.
Life stages, put in words: Morning, four; noon, two; evening, three?
Authors: Wolfgang M. Schleidt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The social function of language, as exemplified by “tonic communication,” is certainly not restricted to our own species. An individual's cognitive mastering of its environment, moreover, is equally essential for understanding the nature of any language. In the absence of comparative data, it is premature to claim that language skills at a particular developmental stage are uniquely human.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Letrozole plus Anti-MUC1 Antibody AS1402 in Hormone Receptor–Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Nuhad K. Ibrahim, Kemal O. Yariz, Ihor Bondarenko, Alexei Manikhas, Vladimir Semiglazov, Anna Alyasova, Volodymyr Komisarenko, Yaroslav Shparyk, James Lee Murray, David Jones, Shai Senderovich, Albert Chau, Fredrik Erlandsson, Gary Acton, Mark Pegram
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: AS1402 is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 antibody that targets the aberrantly glycosylated antigen MUC1, which is overexpressed in 90% of breast tumors and contributes to estrogen-mediated growth and survival of breast cancer cells in vitro by modulating estrogen receptor (ER) activity. Aromatase inhibitors have been reported to enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity elicited by antibodies in vitro. We compared the outcomes of patients with breast cancer treated with letrozole with or without AS1402. Experimental Design: The study population included 110 patients with locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor–positive breast cancer randomized to receive 2.5 mg letrozole only once daily or with a weekly 9 mg/kg AS1402 infusion. The primary endpoint was overall response rate. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, time to progression, and safety. AS1402 exposure and influence of allotypes of FcγRIIIa, FcγRIIa, and MUC1 were evaluated. Results: The study was stopped early because of a trend toward worse response rates and a higher rate of early disease progression in the AS1402 + letrozole arm. Final analysis revealed no significant difference in efficacy between the study arms. Evaluated gene polymorphisms did not define patient subgroups with improved outcomes. Addition of AS1402 to letrozole was associated with manageable toxicity. Conclusions: Because adding AS1402 to letrozole did not improve outcomes compared with letrozole only, blocking ER may be a better strategy for harnessing MUC1 modulation of the ER to a clinical advantage. FcγRIIIa, FcγRIIa, and MUC1 allotype did not predict outcome for patients treated with letrozole with or without AS1402. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6822–30. ©2011 AACR.
Injection Treatment of Haemorrhoids
Authors: C. W. Graham-Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1962)

BAronz 213In the present paper the conditions necessary for the induction of runt disease are described, as are the clinical and pathological features.While there are as yet many aspects which admit of no ready explanation, runt disease promises to be an important tool in a wide variety of clinical and experimental fields.We wish to acknowledge the assistance of our colleague, Dr. Irmgard Zeiss, during the initial stages of this study.We are indebted to Dr. W. I. McDonald, who undertook the neuropathology, and to Dr. B. McMahon for the
The manubriosternal joint--an anatomicoradiological survey
Authors: H. U. Cameron, V. L. Fornasier
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Cameron, H. U. and Fornasier, V. L. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 472-474. <b>The manubriosternal joint—an anatomicoradiological survey.</b> The movement of the manubriosternal joint is said to be a significant factor in respiration. The incidence of fusion of the manubriosternal joint in necropsy cases has been investigated with fine detail radiography. In over 600 cases, fusion of the joint was found in 14% and partial fusion in 8%. In total, the joint was found to be abnormal in 66% of cases. There was an increase in fusion with increasing age. Little relationship was found with degenerative disc disease, and no relationship with ankylosing spondylitis. The incidence of joint abnormality suggests that hinging of the manubriosternal joint is not as significant a factor in respiration as has previously been thought.
Improving Sepsis Care
Authors: Jeremy M. Kahn, David W. Bates
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1580: Molecular mechanisms of OSM-induced VEGF in breast cancer
Authors: Madhuri Nandakumar, Ryan Fox, Cheryl Jorcyk
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Oncostatin M (OSM) is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokine that has been shown to induce expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in astroglioma and in hepatocellular and breast carcinoma. It is also known to induce VEGF in non-cancerous cells such as cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Under hypoxic conditions, VEGF expression is known to be dependent on the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α). Our current studies were designed to determine whether VEGF expression induced by OSM and other IL-6 family members, including IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is likewise dependent on HIF1α in human breast cancer cells. To analyze VEGF expression levels, MDA-MB-231 and T47D human breast cancer cells were cultured in the presence or absence of OSM, IL-6, and LIF, with or without a HIF1α siRNA, for 12 to 72 hrs. All three cytokines significantly induced HIF1α expression by Western blot analysis at each time point in both MDA-MD-231 and T47D cells. Conditioned media from these experiments was also analyzed using ELISA to determine HIF1α-induced VEGF expression. Treatment with OSM resulted in a two- to three-fold induction of secreted VEGF, while treatment with IL-6 and LIF showed no significant induction. In addition, OSM-induced VEGF expression was independent of HIF1α in MDA-MB-231 cells. This was indicated by unchanged secreted VEGF levels despite the reduction of HIF1α expression in siRNA treated groups. In T47D cells however, HIF1α siRNA-treatment for 72 hrs reduced VEGF levels by 40% suggesting that OSM-induced HIF1α may be partially responsible for VEGF expression in this cell line. To summarize, it is important to note that IL-6 and LIF did not induce VEGF expression in two commonly used human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and T47D. Furthermore, OSM-induced VEGF was not dependent on HIF1α in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting regulation of VEGF by an alternative molecular mechanism. Investigations are in progress to better understand mechanisms utilized by breast cancer cells for OSM-induced VEGF expression. Future results could lead to the potential design of OSM-targeted therapeutics. Funded by NIH R15CA137510, ACS RSG-09-276-01-CSM, Susan G. Komen for the Cure KG100513, and NIH/NCRR P20RR016454. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1580. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1580
Absence of platelet activating factor (PAF) mediated platelet aggregation: A new platelet defect
Authors: Catherine J. Pelczar‐Wissner, Elizabeth G. McDonald, Ira I. Sussman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract The failure of normal human platelets to aggregate in response to platelet activating factor (PAF) has not been previously observed. We report here the first case of a patient whose platelets did not aggregate to PAF on multiple occasions.
THE FIELD OF THE SECTION ON HYGIENE AND SANITARY SCIENCE.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION, AT THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT NEW ORLEANS, MAY 5-8, 1903.
Authors: HENRY M. BRACKEN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The question may reasonably be raised as to whether sanitary science should have recognition through a section in the American Medical Association. The answer, I think, must be in the affirmative. Assuming this to be the fact, the next question is as to the function of the Section, and to this the answer should be : To look after those matters that have a specific bearing on sanitary science and hygiene. This would appear to embrace questions pertaining to vital statistics, water, sewage and other topics of like nature. The fact must not be lost sight of that these topics are fully considered by various sanitary bodies, such as the American Public Health Association, the Conference of State and Provincial Boards of Health of North America, etc. This Section should be working in harmony with these strictly sanitary associations. I take it that matters pertaining strictly to preventable diseases should
IN VITRO DEMONSTRATION OF CELLULAR SENSITIVITY IN ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Authors: John R. David, Philip Y. Paterson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Peritoneal cells obtained from animals exhibiting delayed hypersensitivity are inhibited from migrating in vitro by specific sensitizing antigen. This test for the detection of delayed hypersensitivity was applied to the problem of cellular sensitivity in allergic encephalomyelitis (AE). The migration of peritoneal cells obtained from guinea pigs with AE was inhibited specifically by nervous tissue antigens. The specificity of this reaction was further studied. Neonatal rat nervous tissue, which was shown to lack the encephalitogenic antigen, i.e. did not produce AE when injected with complete adjuvant into guinea pigs and rats, did not inhibit the migration of cells from animals with AE. Adult rat nervous tissue, which readily produces AE, and thus contains the encephalitogenic antigen did inhibit the migration of such cells. The finding that cells from animals with AE display hypersensitivity which appears to be directed specifically to the encephalitogenic antigen strongly supports the view that such cells could play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Comparison of reduction in microalbuminuria by enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide in normotensive patients with insulin dependent diabetes.
Authors: M Hallab, Y Gallois, G Chatellier, V Rohmer, P Fressinaud, M Marre
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To compare the effects of sodium depletion and of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition on microalbuminuria in insulin dependent diabetes.Randomised, double blind, double dummy parallel study of normotensive diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 h) treated with enalapril or hydrochlorothiazide for one year after a three month, single blind placebo period.Diabetic clinic in a tertiary referral centre.10 diabetic patients with low microalbuminuria (30-99 mg/24 h) and 11 with high microalbuminuria (100-300 mg/24 h).11 subjects (six with low microalbuminuria, five with high microalbuminuria) were given enalapril 20 mg plus placebo hydrochlorothiazide once daily and 10 (four with low microalbuminuria, six with high microalbuminuria) hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg plus placebo enalapril once daily.Monthly assessment of urinary albumin excretion and mean arterial pressure; plasma active renin and aldosterone concentrations and renal function studies at 0, 6, and 12 months.Median urinary albumin excretion decreased from 59 (range 37-260) to 38 (14-146) mg/24 h with enalapril and from 111 (33-282) to 109 (33-262) mg/24 h with hydrochlorothiazide (analysis of variance, p = 0.0436). During the last three months of treatment with enalapril five patients had persistent normoalbuminuria (2-3 times below 30 mg/24 h), five low microalbuminuria, and one high microalbuminuria; in the hydrochlorothiazide group one had normoalbuminuria, three low microalbuminuria, and six high microalbuminuria (chi 2 test = 6.7; p = 0.03). Mean arterial pressure did not differ before (98 (SD 7) with enalapril v 97 (9) mm Hg with hydrochlorothiazide) or during treatment (88 (7) with enalapril v 90 (7) mm Hg with hydrochlorothiazide (analysis of variance, p = 0.5263)). Glomerular filtration rate did not vary. The aldosterone to active renin ratio was decreased by angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition and increased by sodium depletion, showing treatment efficacy.Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition by enalapril effectively reduces microalbuminuria in normotensive diabetic patients whereas hydrochlorothiazide is not effective. Changes in blood pressure and activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may contribute to these different effects.
Methotrexate-responsive chronic idiopathic urticaria: a report of two cases.
Authors: J.E. Gach, R.A. Sabroe, M.W. Greaves, A. Kobza Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) may be severe and refractory to standard therapies. We describe two patients with CIU, neither of whom had detectable autoantibodies, in whom control of the disease was achieved with methotrexate.
Abstract 913: Natural product sulforaphane selectively inhibits breast cancer stem cells in basal and trastuzumab resistant Her2+ breast cancer.
Authors: Joseph Burnett, Hasan Korkaya, Bryan Newman, Sarah Conley, Jamie Connarn, Lichao Sun, Hsiu-Fang Lee, Maria Ouzounova, Max Wicha, Duxin Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The natural product sulforaphane (SF) has demonstrated efficacy against multiple forms of cancers and cancer stem cells. However, it is unclear what are the molecular targets for sulforaphane to inhibit breast cancer stem cells and how efficacy varies among four subtypes of breast cancers. In vitro assay showed that sulforaphane preferentially inhibited triple negative (TNBC) breast cancers, but did not show any efficacy to inhibit Her2+ breast cancer cells (even at &amp;gt;100 uM). However, when Her2+ breast cancer cells (with PTEN deletion) developed resistance to trastuzumab, sulforaphane showed more than 20-fold higher activity. Low concentration of sulforaphane (1 uM) also preferentially eliminates breast cancer stem cells from triple negative breast cancers. Her2+ breast cancer cells (with PTEN deletion and long term treatment of trastuzumab) induced resistance to trastuzumab and increase breast cancer stem cell populations by activating a positive feedback loop of IL-6 and NF-kB. Luciferase reporter assay and immunostaining showed that sulforaphane (1 uM) disrupted NF-kB translocation from cytosol to nucleus and inhibited its activity. Sulforaphane (1 uM) also inhibited endogenous IL-6 production by 50%. Sulforaphane (50 mg/kg, adjuvant therapy) reduced tumor formation rate by 70% and inhibit tumor volume by more than 90% of trastuzumab resistant Her2+ breast cancers in mouse fat pad. These data suggest that sulforaphane inhibits trastuzumab-resistant Her2+ breast cancers and breast cancer stem cells by disrupting NF-kB and IL6 positive feedback loop. Citation Format: Joseph Burnett, Hasan Korkaya, Bryan Newman, Sarah Conley, Jamie Connarn, Lichao Sun, Hsiu-Fang Lee, Maria Ouzounova, Max Wicha, Duxin Sun. Natural product sulforaphane selectively inhibits breast cancer stem cells in basal and trastuzumab resistant Her2+ breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 913. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-913
Genotype–Phenotype Correlations for Infants and Children with ABCA3 Deficiency
Authors: Jennifer A. Wambach, Alicia M. Casey, Martha P. Fishman, Daniel J. Wegner, Susan E. Wert, F. Sessions Cole, Aaron Hamvas, Lawrence M. Nogee
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Recessive mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3) cause lethal neonatal respiratory failure and childhood interstitial lung disease. Most ABCA3 mutations are private.To determine genotype-phenotype correlations for recessive ABCA3 mutations.We reviewed all published and unpublished ABCA3 sequence and phenotype data from our prospective genetic studies of symptomatic infants and children at Washington and Johns Hopkins Universities. Mutations were classified based on their predicted disruption of protein function: frameshift and nonsense mutations were classified as "null," whereas missense, predicted splice site mutations, and insertion/deletions were classified as "other." We compared age of presentation and outcomes for the three genotypes: null/null, null/other, and other/other.We identified 185 infants and children with homozygous or compound heterozygous ABCA3 mutations and lung disease. All of the null/null infants presented with respiratory failure at birth compared with 75% of infants with null/other or other/other genotypes (P = 0.00011). By 1 year of age, all of the null/null infants had died or undergone lung transplantation compared with 62% of the null/other and other/other children (P < 0.0001).Genotype-phenotype correlations exist for homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in ABCA3. Frameshift or nonsense ABCA3 mutations are predictive of neonatal presentation and poor outcome, whereas missense, splice site, and insertion/deletions are less reliably associated with age of presentation and prognosis. Counseling and clinical decision making should acknowledge these correlations.