tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated plasma xanthine oxidase activity in chronic heart failure: Source of increased oxygen radical load and effect of allopurinol in a placebo controlled, double blinded treatment study
Authors: Wolfram Doehner, Margaret M. Tarpey, Darrell V. Pavitt, Aidan P. Bolger, Roland Wensel, Stephan von Haehling, David A. Reaveley, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Acute restraint stress activates functional NK1 receptor in the colon of female rats: involvement of steroids
Authors: S Bradesi
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background and aims: Psychological factors have been implicated in the aetiology of irritable bowel syndrome characterised by intestinal altered motility and visceral hypersensitivity. Similar disorders have been found in rats under stressful conditions. The role of tachykinins in bowel dysfunctions caused by stress is not fully documented. Therefore, we investigated the influence of stress on NK1 receptor activation at the colonic level in female rats. Methods: The stress procedure used consisted of two hours of partial restraint. Histamine release was measured from colonic samples of control and stressed animals and the effect of SR140333, a NK1 receptor antagonist, on substance P induced histamine release was determined. Involvement of steroids has been evaluated in this response. Results: NK1 receptor antagonist was found to inhibit substance P induced histamine release in samples from stressed female rats but not in samples from control animals. Previous treatment of female rats with RU 486 abolished this effect observed in stressed animals. Similarly, in samples from stressed female rats previously ovariectomised, SR140333 failed to inhibit substance P induced histamine release but previous treatment with both progesterone and oestrogen restored its effect. Conclusions: Stress induces NK1 receptor activation in the colon, and ovarian steroids are involved in this response.
Diagnosis of Joint Injuries
Authors: J. C. Flood
Journal: BMJ (1940)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-MEDICAL JOURNAL occurred during treatment.In another instance (not included in the analysis) a pneumothorax patient suffering from repeated small haemoptyses was rapidly saturated, but without effect.Haemorrhage ceased spontaneously a fortnight later, the adhesions were cauterized, and there has been no recurrence of this complication. ConclusionsAscorbic acid is of no value in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and its complications, including haemoptysis, for which most benefit might be expected.Saturation with the vitamin neither contributes to recovery nor retards retrogression.As hypovitaminosis-C is encountered in many infections the state found in this disease must be assumed to be the result of toxaemia, and is therefore non-specific.REFERENCES
Rehabilitating troubled doctors
Authors: E. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1997)

If someone had told me, as an ambitious young registrar, that 10 years later I would be grateful to be able to do medical examinations for a private company I would have thought they were talking about someone else. Further, if they had told me that this would happen because of mental illness I would have laughed at them. Doctors were by definition physically strong and psychologically intact. Mental health problems were a sign of weakness and happened to other people-that is, patients. I believed my medical state rendered me immune. Time has proved me wrong.

It is well known that the medical profession has higher rates of depression, suicide, and drug and alcohol abuse than other professional groups.(1) Furthermore, chronic stress predisposes to depression.(2)Firth-Cozens has shown that high levels of both self criticism and empathy are associated with depression. Among women doctors, particularly, depression is related to conflicts between personal life and a career.(3) Doctors with mental illness face problems in three main areas. They need appropriate psychiatric help. They need to be able to return to work. And they need to make sense of their illness in personal terms as well as understanding its impact on their clinical work.

Many doctors do not have a general practitioner and therefore cannot access psychiatric help. Psychiatric illness cannot be managed with the self diagnosis, self prescribing, and casual consultations with which many doctors manage physical illnesses.

Confidentiality is vital. Many doctors fear that they will be referred locally and will thus be forced to accept treatment alongside their own patients or from clinicians they know personally. There is an unofficial agreement that doctors will be managed outside their own areas. In practice, this rarely happens because health authorities are reluctant to pay for extracontractual referrals. Besides, many …
Dealing With Alleged Fraud in Medical Research
Authors: Barbara Mishkin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent editorial, "Dealing With Alleged Fraud in Medical Research" (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:1637), struck a responsive chord at the President's Commission. We are pleased with the endorsement of assigning responsibility to clinical investigators and research administrators for upholding, by declaration and example, the highest ethical standards for conducting biomedical research. The President's Commission has recently issued two reports on this subject. The 1981 Biennial Report, "Protecting Human Subjects,"<sup>1</sup>contains recommendations for improving the response of research institutions, professional societies, and funding agencies to reports of misconduct in biomedical research. Those recommendations were, in turn derived from a two-day conference held in September 1981 under the joint sponsorship of the President's Commission, the American Association for the Advancement of Science Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, and Medicine in the Public Interest. The published proceedings of that conference, "Whistle-blowing in Biomedical Research,"<sup>2</sup>are available through the Commission
Abdominal Bruits—Correlation With Arteriographic Findings
Authors: Arthur U. Rivin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Modern techniques of angiography have helped us understand and interpret what we hear with the stethoscope. The apical mid or late systolic click and murmur were formerly thought to be "functional" or extracardiac. Now, ventricular angiography has demonstrated correlation with the insufficiency of a ballooning mitral valve. Carotid arteriography demonstrates the atherosclerotic plaques that account for bruits over these vessels. And in this issue, McLoughlin and co-workers (p 1238) correlate abdominal bruits with arteriographic findings. This is a valuable contribution, especially in the demonstration of the high incidence of asymptomatic external compression of the celiac artery. The authors conclude that most epigastric bruits are due to asymptomatic celiac artery stenosis. An upper abdominal bruit usually cannot be ascribed to any other cause, unless celiac stenosis has been excluded by lateral aortography. The evidence that they present is convincing. However, if the implication is that all patients with epigastric bruits should
Effects of Sibutramine in Obese Female Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Poor Blood Glucose Control
Authors: Adnan Gokcel, Hatice Karakose, Eda Melek Ertorer, Nedret Tanaci, Neslihan Bascil Tutuncu, Nilgun Guvener
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of sibutramine in combination with hypoglycemic drugs in obese type 2 diabetic women whose glucose levels were poorly regulated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Female patients with type 2 diabetes, poorly controlled glucose levels, and HbA1c &amp;gt;8% were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In addition to their prescribed hypoglycemic agents (maximum doses of sulfonylureas and metformin), one group (n = 30) received a placebo twice daily for 6 months and the other (n = 30) received sibutramine 10 mg b.i.d. for the same period. RESULTS—One patient in the sibutramine group was excluded during the study period because of hypertension; thus, a total of 29 data sets were analyzed for this group. In the placebo group, five patients had to be excluded because of low treatment efficacy, leaving a total of 25 who completed the study. Comparing the changes that occurred over 6 months in the sibutramine and placebo groups, the former showed significantly greater reductions in fasting blood glucose (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), second-hour postprandial blood glucose (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), insulin resistance (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), waist circumference (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), BMI (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), HbA1c (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, uric acid levels, and all elements of the lipid profile except HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1. CONCLUSIONS—The addition of sibutramine to oral hypoglycemic therapy resulted in significant weight loss and improvement in metabolic parameters in this patient group. Sibutramine is an effective adjunct to oral hypoglycemic therapy in obese women with type 2 diabetes.
Abstract 4613: Identification of tumor necrosis factor receptor II as a regulatory T cell target for cancer immunotherapy using designed ankyrin repeat protein phenotypic selections
Authors: Geoff Williams, Judith Anderton, Vahe Bedian, Jane Coates Ulrichsen, Andrea Gonzalez-Munoz, Sandrine Guillard, Olivia Harris, James Hair, Andrew Leishman, Arthur Lewis, Jacques Moissan, Ralph Minter, Bina Mistry, Julie Parmentier, Edmund Poon, Amy Popple, Steve Rust, Alan Sandercock, Ross Stewart, Viia Valge-Archer, Robert W. Wilkinson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are observed within multiple tumor types and contribute to immune evasion. Effective and specific targeting of Treg cells by antibodies is hampered by the lack of a unique surface marker. With the aim of identifying such a marker, human Treg cells were isolated from peripheral blood, expanded in vitro and used as a source of antigen in phage display selections with a diverse library of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). The resulting DARPins were screened for binding to multiple cell-types, and approximately thirty with preferential binding to Treg cells were identified. All of these DARPins were determined to bind to the third and/or fourth cysteine-rich extracellular domains of tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII, also known as TNFRSF1B or CD120b). Expression of TNFRII has previously been demonstrated on Treg cells, and TNFRII is shown here also to be expressed on CD8+ T cells following exposure to cognate antigen and on the surface of tumor-infiltrating T cells in the 4T1 mouse tumor model. Furthermore, TNFRII mRNA was detected at increased levels in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes isolated from cancer patients. Functional characterisation of the anti-TNFRII DARPins and mAbs revealed an ability to enhance T-cell activation in response to polyclonal and antigen specific stimuli, and in Treg cell suppression assays. These studies demonstrate the utility of DARPins for phenotypic selections to identify drug targets using primary human lymphocytes and highlight TNFRII as a potential therapeutic target enriched on Treg cells. Citation Format: Geoff Williams, Judith Anderton, Vahe Bedian, Jane Coates Ulrichsen, Andrea Gonzalez-Munoz, Sandrine Guillard, Olivia Harris, James Hair, Andrew Leishman, Arthur Lewis, Jacques Moissan, Ralph Minter, Bina Mistry, Julie Parmentier, Edmund Poon, Amy Popple, Steve Rust, Alan Sandercock, Ross Stewart, Viia Valge-Archer, Robert W. Wilkinson. Identification of tumor necrosis factor receptor II as a regulatory T cell target for cancer immunotherapy using designed ankyrin repeat protein phenotypic selections. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4613. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4613
Functional characterization of CD4+ T cells in aplastic anemia
Authors: Shahram Kordasti, Judith Marsh, Sufyan Al-Khan, Jie Jiang, Alexander Smith, Azim Mohamedali, Pilar Perez Abellan, Caroline Veen, Benedetta Costantini, Austin G. Kulasekararaj, Nana Benson-Quarm, Thomas Seidl, Syed A. Mian, Farzin Farzaneh, Ghulam J. Mufti
Journal: Blood (2011)
A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Azathioprine on Natural Killer Cell Activity
Authors: B. K. Pedersen, J. M. Beyer
Journal: Allergy (1986)

Natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells was studied in six patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis before and during treatment with azathioprine. Azathioprine induced suppression of NK cell activity, but treatment with azathioprine for 5-8 months was necessary before NK cell activity was completely suppressed. In vitro incubation of mononuclear cells from a healthy donor with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in concentrations not reducing cell viability did not inhibit NK cell activity, nor did sera from patients treated with azathioprine for more than 6 months.
Side Population in Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines and Tumors Is Enriched with Stem-like Cancer Cells
Authors: Maria M. Ho, Alvin V. Ng, Stephen Lam, Jaclyn Y. Hung
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Stem cells have been isolated by their ability to efflux Hoechst 33342 dye and are referred to as the "side population" (SP). In this study, we used flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 dye efflux assay to isolate and characterize SP cells from six human lung cancer cell lines (H460, H23, HTB-58, A549, H441, and H2170). Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency xenograft experiments showed that SP cells were enriched in tumor-initiating capability compared with non-SP cells. Matrigel invasion assay showed that SP cells also have higher potential for invasiveness. Further characterization of this SP phenotype revealed several stem cell properties. We found evidence for repopulating ability by SP to regenerate a population resembling the original population. SP displayed elevated expression of ABCG2 as well as other ATP-binding cassette transporters and showed resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression was higher in the SP, suggesting that this fraction may represent a reservoir with unlimited proliferative potential for generating cancer cells. mRNA levels of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) 7, a member of the MCM family of proteins critical to the DNA replication complex, were lower in SP cells, suggesting that a majority of the SP fraction was in the G(0) quiescent state. Sixteen clinical lung cancer samples also displayed a smaller but persistent SP population. These findings indicate that SP is an enriched source of lung tumor-initiating cells with stem cell properties and may be an important target for effective therapy and a useful tool to investigate the tumorigenic process.
Accelerated Approval and Possible Withdrawal of Midodrine
Authors: Sanket S. Dhruva, Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neutrophil actin dysfunction is a genetic disorder associated with partial impairment of neutrophil actin assembly in three family members.
Authors: F S Southwick, G A Dabiri, T P Stossel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

A male infant with a severe neutrophil motility disorder and poorly polymerizable actin in PMN extracts was reported over a decade ago to have neutrophil actin dysfunction (NAD) (1974. N. Engl. J. Med. 291:1093-1099). Polymerized actin (F-actin) content of fixed and permeabilized intact neutrophils from the father, mother, and sister of the NAD index case have been measured using nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin, a fluorescent compound which binds specifically to actin filaments. F-actin content of unstimulated PMN from all three family members was significantly lower than unstimulated control PMN (mean 23.6 +/- 0.4 SEM fluorescent units vs. 32.6 +/- 0.6 for controls). After stimulation with the chemotactic peptide FMLP, maximal F-actin content of NAD family member PMN was below that of controls (52.7 +/- 1.3 vs. 72.6 +/- 1.8). F-actin content of detergent insoluble cytoskeletons after stimulation with FMLP was also significantly lower in PMN from NAD family members as compared with controls (21 +/- 6% vs. 73 +/- 8%). PMN extracts from the father and mother, when treated with 0.6 M KCl, polymerized half as much actin as controls. Whereas diisopropylfluorophosphate treatment of normal PMN decreased actin polymerizability in cell extracts, this treatment increased the assembly of actin in parental PMN extract. Addition of purified actin to NAD extracts failed to reveal an abnormal actin polymerization inhibitory activity, and no obvious structural defect in actin purified from the father's PMNs was noted by HPLC and two dimensional thin layer chromatography of tryptic digests. The present studies of actin assembly in intact PMNs confirm that NAD is associated with a true defect in PMN actin assembly and is a genetic disorder that is recessively inherited.
Ultrasound as a Diagnostic and Surgical Tool
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1965)

For some years experimental studies and clinical trials of ultrasound in many forms of treatment have yielded results which are sometimes significant but often contradictory. A critical guide and interpreter has been much needed to lead the nonspecialist through this maze of material. It is now at hand.  While the volume is based on a symposium held in 1962, there has been such extensive revision that the result is a good treatise on the present state of ultrasonics. It is particularly valuable that one fifth of the book is devoted to a clear and accurate discussion of the physics of ultrasound, designed for those who wish to use this agent but lack knowledge of the basic principles involved. The chapters which follow give accounts of the use of ultrasound in diagnosis of intracranial and ophthalmic lesions, in neurosurgery and otology, and in other clinical fields. There is also a restricted
Monitoring Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease by Computed Tomography. Radiation Risk in Perspective
Authors: Wieying Kuo, Pierluigi Ciet, Harm A. W. M. Tiddens, Wei Zhang, R. Paul Guillerman, Marcel van Straten
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<General Introduction to E...Terminology for CT Radiat...Effective DoseFrom CT Dose to Organ Dos...From Organ Dose to Cancer...Complexities of Estimatin...CT Radiation Risk in Pers...ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Treatment of Uterine Myoma by Removal of the Appendages
Authors: L. Tait
Journal: BMJ (1885)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Treatment of Uterine Myoma by Removal of the Appendages Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Views of doctors on clinical correspondence: questionnaire survey and audit of content of letters
Authors: Bruce Campbell, Katalijne Vanslembroek, Emma Whitehead, Caroline van de Wauwer, Ronald Eifell, Michael Wyatt, John Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Implications for research and practiceWe have shown that present assumptions about patients' goals are unlikely to be correct.If unnecessary symptomatic intervention is to be avoided in patients with unexplained symptoms, general practitioners will need to understand better the influences that shape patients' presentations and doctors' responses.We are grateful to T Hak for assistance in the design of the study, and for the enthusiastic participation of the anonymous general practitioners.
Hormonal Therapy Increases Arterial Compliance in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Chakravarthi Rajkumar, Bronwyn A. Kingwell, James D. Cameron, Tamara Waddell, Rishi Mehra, Nicholas Christophidis, Paul A. Komesaroff, Barry McGrath, Garry L. Jennings, Krishnankutty Sudhir, Anthony M. Dart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
THE RUBIN TUBAL INSUFFLATION TEST IN PRIMARY STERILITY
Authors: Murray L. Brandt
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The tubal insufflation test was performed in a series of fifty-five patients, average age 27 years and average duration of marriage four years, who had never been, pregnant. In most cases, the test was repeated several times. Twenty-eight were positive, i. e., the tubes were patent, and twenty-two negative. In five cases that were negative at the first test, patency was demonstrated in subsequent tests. In other words, 40 per cent. of the primary sterility cases showed closed tubes that were an absolute bar to conception. In twenty-four of the thirty-three cases in which the tubes were patent or became patent, the semen was examined. In sixteen, there were numerous actively motile, well-formed spermatozoa; while in eight, there were either no spermatozoa or a very few nonmotile bodies. The insufflation test is made according to the original Rubin technic. Carbon dioxid gas is employed because it is quickly absorbed; and
Incidence of Childhood-Onset IDDM in Black African-Heritage Populations in the Caribbean
Authors: Eugene S Tull, Oscar W Jordan, Lester Simon, Mervyn Laws, D Orlando Smith, Heskitt Vanterpool, Cleve Butler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To compare incidence rates of childhood-onset IDDM among black African-heritage populations age 0–19 years in the Caribbean region. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Population-based registries for IDDM were established on the eastern Caribbean islands of Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, St. Croix, St. Kitts, St. Thomas, and Tortola using standardized criteria from the World Health Organization (WHO) Multinational Project for Childhood Diabetes (DiaMond). Average annual incidence rates (IR) with 95% CI for 0–19 years olds were computed using the DiaMond Registry program for the 5-year period from 1989 to 1993. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine differences in incidence rates. RESULTS The highest incidence rate for 0–19 year olds was for the black African-heritage population of St. Croix (IR 10.09 per 100,000; 95% CI 4.35–19.89), one of the U.S. Caribbean islands. A significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) 3.9 variation in IDDM incidence across the registries was found when the IR for St. Croix was compared to the IR for Barbados (IR 2.57 per 100,000; 95% CI 0.90–4.64). CONCLUSIONS The variation in childhood-onset IDDM incidence rates among the black populations of the eastern Caribbean islands is consistent with the geographic variation in IDDM incidence seen among African Americans in the U.S. Variation in incidence rates of childhood diabetes in black populations may reflect differences in level of white genetic admixture or exposure to environmental diabetogenic agents.