tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surrogate markers for survival in patients with AIDS and AIDS related complex treated with zidovudine.
Authors: M. A. Jacobson, P. Bacchetti, A. Kolokathis, R. E. Chaisson, S. Szabo, B. Polsky, G. T. Valainis, D. Mildvan, D. Abrams, J. Wilber
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether early effects of zidovudine treatment on CD4+ lymphocyte count and concentrations of beta 2 microglobulin, neopterin, or HIV p24 antigen or antibody are correlated with survival in patients with AIDS or AIDS related complex. DESIGN--Retrospective study of changes in laboratory markers and survival. SETTING--Multicentre trial at university hospital clinics. SUBJECTS--90 Patients with AIDS or AIDS related complex. INTERVENTION--Patients started zidovudine 200 mg orally every four hours. Fifty six of the patients died a median 17 months after starting zidovudine; the remaining 34 patients were followed up for a median 25.5 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Changes in CD4+ lymphocyte count and serum concentrations of p24 antigen and antibody, beta 2 microglobulin, and neopterin; survival of the patient. RESULTS--The pretreatment characteristics that independently predicted poor survival were determined using a multivariate proportional hazards model: a diagnosis of AIDS (v AIDS related complex), age over 45 years, and the logarithm of serum neopterin concentration. When these baseline characteristics were controlled for the logarithm of CD4+ lymphocyte count at weeks 8-12 of treatment (p = 0.007) and an increase in serum beta 2 microglobulin concentration at weeks 8-12 (p = 0.05) also independently correlated with survival. In the 38 patients with a better pretreatment prognosis, 24 month survival estimated by the product-limit method was 88% for those with a good response on both surrogate markers during early treatment compared with only 50% for those with a poor response on either marker. In the 38 with a worse pretreatment prognosis, 24 month survival was estimated to be 49% for those with a good response on both surrogate markers compared with only 18% for those with a poor response on either. CONCLUSION--These data suggest that CD4+ lymphocyte count at 8-12 weeks and, perhaps, change in serum beta 2 microglobulin concentration could be surrogate end points for clinical outcome in trials of antiretroviral drugs for patients with HIV disease.
Abnormal breathing patterns. Their mechanisms and clinical significance
Authors: N. S. Cherniack
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE development over the past 30 years of tests of pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange has allowed defects in the function of the lung to be characterized precisely. Advances in the understanding of the mechanisms that cause abnormalities in breathing patterns, either in level or in rhythm, have been much less rapid. In large part, this slow rate of progress has occurred because the control of breathing could not be evaluated easily or accurately and because it was not appreciated that the control of physiological functions and the control of processes by machines had much in common. In recent years, information on the control of breathing has been acquired at an increasing rate with (1) the development of rebreathing methods that allow ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia to be assessed in a few minutes,<sup>1,2</sup>(2) the use of esophageal electrodes to measure diaphragm electromyographic response, a more direct
1038 CAN SERUM LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN PREDICT LIVER INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)? A STUDY IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
Authors: S. Zelber-Sagi, V. Ratziu, L. Blendis, G. Morali, Z. Halpern, R. Oren
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Sir Donald Campbell
Authors: A B M Telfer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Sir Donald Campbell was a pioneer in many aspects of anaesthesia, particularly the introduction of intensive care units.

After his resident posts he left for Canada for training. He worked in Edmonton and in Lethbridge, Alberta, and after three years, in 1956, he returned to Glasgow and began his long association with anaesthesia in the west of Scotland. He was appointed lecturer in the university department of anaesthetics at Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1960, transferring the following year to the health service department as a consultant, a post that he held for the next 15 years.

While in Canada he developed an interest in anaesthesia for heart surgery and he also noted the early development of intensive care units, which were associated with the concept of progressive patient care. With much lobbying and political skill he succeeded in persuading his surgical colleagues at the Royal Infirmary that this was the best way forward for their patients. The respiratory intensive care unit was opened in 1966 and Professor Campbell was its first director.​director.




Figure 1




At the same time he pursued his research interests in several areas, mainly involving the development of more sophisticated ventilators, the pharmacology of new analgesic drugs, and the effects of smoke inhalation on the lungs.

In 1976 he was appointed to the chair of anaesthesia in Glasgow, a post that he held until 1992. From here he was able to develop his interest in medical education and wield his influence and apply his wisdom over a wider field, which was further expanded in 1987 when he was appointed dean of the medical school for four years.

Among his many other distinctions, he served as vice president of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and as chairman of the Scottish Council for Post-Graduate Medical Education.

Predeceased by his first wife, Nan, he leaves his second wife, Kay, and their two daughters; and a son, a daughter, and two grandchildren from his first marriage.

Sir Donald Campbell, emeritus professor of anaesthesia University of Glasgow (b Rutherglen, near Glasgow, 1930; q Glasgow 1952; CBE, FFA RCS, FRCS), d 14 September 2004.
Sports medicine--health care information--supply and demand
Authors: Katherine M. Markee
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

One field for health practitioners and specialists that is becoming of increasing importance is sports medicine. Many of the techniques have been used in the treatment of diseases or injuries such as broken bones or sprains, but an element in this practice is the speed with which the injury is treated and rehabilitated. The literature is diffused throughout the biomedical and biological science fields. As this is a growing specialty, it opens a challenge and an opportunity for the health science librarian. Availability of the literature is enhanced by on-line access to computerised bibliographic material and data such as MEDLINE; Toxicology Data Bank; Biosis Previews (Biological Abstracts/Bioresearch Index); Excerpta Medica; AVLINE; CATLINE; Health Planning and Administration and their corresponding reviews. The 1980 Olympics have increased the number of reviews and discussions in the literature. This paper is a review of the demand and supply for sports medicine information in the English language in Purdue University. Emphasis is given to the physical, social, and psychological rehabilitation of the athlete patient and the impact on the medical librarian in the provision of information demanded by the sports medicine specialist. Computerised access to the literature sources is discussed as an introduction to their use in this field.
REDUCED AMPUTATION WITH SUCCESSFUL RECANALIZATION OF INFRAPOPLITEAL CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS IN CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: Gagan Deep Singh, Ehrin Armstrong, Usman Javed, Khung Yeo, Satinder Singh, Greg Westin, Caroline McCoach, David Anderson, John Laird
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Efficiency of the Stimulus Characteristics of ECT
Authors: Conrad M. Swartz, David T. Manly
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Greater ECT stimulus efficiency allows for a lower stimulus dose and should diminish the side effects of ECT. METHOD: Four different ECT stimuli of identical charge (average mC=2.5 times age) with pulse widths of 0.5 msec and 1 msec and frequencies of 30 Hz and 60 Hz, respectively, were compared for efficiency. The stimuli were applied in a balanced order to each of 24 subjects. Asymmetric bilateral electrode placement was used. RESULTS: Peak heart rates were higher with the 0.5-msec pulse width than the 1-msec pulse width. Seizure induction was more successful with the 0.5-msec pulse width than the 1-msec pulse width. Stimulus frequency had no effect on heart rate or seizure induction. CONCLUSIONS: The pulse width of 0.5 msec is more efficient than the 1-msec pulse width. The "half-age" dose for the first bilateral ECT treatment is usually successful for subsequent ECTs when the 0.5-msec pulse width is used.
Fluid Therapy in Severe Systemic Reaction to Radiopaque Dye
Authors: ANIS I. OBEID
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Two patients developed severe vascular collapse after left ventriculography with organic iodides. Hemodynamic monitoring showed marked reduction in systemic pressures. In one patient there was no response to the standard therapeutic measures in anaphylactic reactions, and prompt response to fluid administration was obtained. In the second patient response was prompt to fluids, adrenalin, and hydrocortisone.
Coordinate regulation of neutrophil homeostasis by liver X receptors in mice
Authors: Cynthia Hong, Yoko Kidani, Noelia A-Gonzalez, Tram Phung, Ayaka Ito, Xin Rong, Katrin Ericson, Hanna Mikkola, Simon W. Beaven, Lloyd S. Miller, Wen-Hai Shao, Philip L. Cohen, Antonio Castrillo, Peter Tontonoz, Steven J. Bensinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The most abundant immune cell type is the neutrophil, a key first responder after pathogen invasion. Neutrophil numbers in the periphery are tightly regulated to prevent opportunistic infections and aberrant inflammation. In healthy individuals, more than 1 × 109 neutrophils per kilogram body weight are released from the bone marrow every 24 hours. To maintain homeostatic levels, an equivalent number of senescent cells must be cleared from circulation. Recent studies indicate that clearance of senescent neutrophils by resident tissue macrophages and DCs helps to set homeostatic levels of neutrophils via effects on the IL-23/IL-17/G-CSF cytokine axis, which stimulates neutrophil production in the bone marrow. However, the molecular events in phagocytes underlying this feedback loop have remained indeterminate. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate both lipid metabolic and inflammatory gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that LXRs contribute to the control of neutrophil homeostasis. Using gain- and loss-of-function models, we found that LXR signaling regulated the efficient clearance of senescent neutrophils by peripheral tissue APCs in a Mer-dependent manner. Furthermore, activation of LXR by engulfed neutrophils directly repressed the IL-23/IL-17/G-CSF granulopoietic cytokine cascade. These results provide mechanistic insight into the molecular events orchestrating neutrophil homeostasis and advance our understanding of LXRs as integrators of phagocyte function, lipid metabolism, and cytokine gene expression.
Evaluation of Phosphorus 32 for Intractable Pain Secondary to Prostatic Carcinoma Metastases
Authors: Daya P. Joshi
Journal: JAMA (1965)

PHYSICIANS are often faced with the serious problem of intractable pain in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. The hormonal treatment, either by orchiectomy or external estrogens, is the most widely used therapy for inoperable carcinoma of the prostate since the discovery of endocrine influence on prostatic cancer by Huggins<sup>1</sup>in 1941. However, some patients, after a period of symptomatic relief, fail to respond to the conservative therapy of castration and estrogens used alone or in combination. External radiation, bilateral adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, and chordotomy have been used to relieve the incapacitating pain. The studies made by Lawrence and Tobins,<sup>2</sup>who used radioactive phosphorus on neoplastic tissues, stimulated interest in this method of therapy as a possible means of improving palliation in advanced malignancy. In recent years,<sup>32</sup>P has received increased recognition for palliation in these cases, particularly where bony metastases are present.<sup>3-5</sup>In this series,
Managing the persistent vegetative state.
Authors: B. Jennett, K. M. Boyd
Journal: BMJ (1992)

that a long term trial is needed -hides a much more complicated situation than is suggested.Hip sonography was introduced in Austria in 1980 and has been painstakingly followed up since then.2The results of examinations of many tens of thousands of neonatal hips are now available.From the beginning immediate vigorous conservative treatment was instituted for all dysplastic and unstable hips.This was followed by an extensive and eventually comprehensive ultrasound screen- ing programme for all newborn infants in the maternity unit.'This policy resulted in a dramatic reduction in the average age at diagnosis of hip dysplasia4itself a strong prognosticator of improved outcome.Over the ensuing years the numbers of babies presenting with late dislocation of the hip and with hips failing to mature completely fell to almost zero.Practically all children have now finished their treatment before the age at which they start to walk.Operative reduction has not been necessary in the screened group for several years, and congenital dislocation of the hip has been completely eradicated among Austrian babies (R Graf, personal communication).The savings due to the reduction of the number of operations more than cover the cost of the entire screening programme.Thus the large long term trial that Clarke calls for was completed and reported on several years ago.Its results are staggering if true because they imply that many hundreds of children are still suffering from a crippling but completely prevent- able disease.Such results may need to be corro- borated and confirmed, but at the very least the enormous Austrian and German experience needs to be taken into account.
Transient depolarisation and action potential alterations following mechanical changes in isolated myocardium
Authors: M. J LAB
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Journal Article Transient depolarisation and action potential alterations following mechanical changes in isolated myocardium Get access MAX J LAB MAX J LAB * From the Department of Physiology, Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, London *Reprint requests to Dr M J Lab, Department of Physiology, Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 14, Issue 11, November 1980, Pages 624–637, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/14.11.624 Published: 01 November 1980
Ventilator Circuit Changes
Authors: Lenore E. Asbel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 May 1996Ventilator Circuit ChangesLenore E. Asbel, MD and Caroline C. Johnson, MDLenore E. Asbel, MDMedical College of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19129Search for more papers by this author and Caroline C. Johnson, MDMedical College of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19129Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-10-199605150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent article, Kollef and associates [1] studied whether routinely changing ventilator circuitry affected the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. We were surprised to see that the results were not expressed as rates of infected patients per 1000 ventilator-days, as recommended by the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Infectious Diseases for surveillance of nosocomial pneumonias [2]. The authors report the average duration of mechanical ventilation but not actual rates of infection. Thus, their results cannot be easily compared with those of other studies or with ...References1. Kollef MH, Shapiro SD, Fraser VJ, Silver D, Murphy DM, Trovillion E, et al. Mechanical ventilation with or without 7-day circuit changes. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:168-74. Google Scholar2. Draft guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia: notice of comment period. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Federal Register. 1994; 59:4980-5022. Google Scholar3. Hess D, Burns E, Romagnoli D, Kachmarek RM. Weekly ventilator circuit changes, a strategy to reduce cost without affecting pneumonia rates. Anesthesiology. 1995; 82:903-11. Google Scholar4. Freeman J, McGowan JE. Methodologic issues in hospital epidemiology. I. Rates, case-finding and interpretation. Rev Infect Dis. 1981; 3:658-67. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lenore E. Asbel, MD; Caroline C. Johnson, MDAffiliations: Medical College of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19129 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1996Volume 124, Issue 10Page: 929KeywordsEpidemiologyInfectious disease controlInfectious disease surveillanceInfectious diseasesNosocomial infectionsPneumoniaVentilators ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lipid overaccumulation and drastic insulin resistance in adult catch-up growth rats induced by nutrition promotion after undernutrition
Authors: Lu-Lu Chen, Xiang Hu, Juan Zheng, Wen Kong, Hao-Hao Zhang, Wei-Hong Yang, Su-Ping Zhu, Tian-Shu Zeng, Jiao-Yue Zhang, Xiu-Ling Deng, Di Hu
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
UK's chief medical adviser proposes global health strategy
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Concerted action is needed to develop a strategy on global health issues that protects the health of the UK while contributing to improving health in the rest of the world, recommends a report published last week by England's chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson.

The report, Health Is Global: Proposals for a UK Government-wide Strategy , argues that the UK needs to engage in the health of other countries so it can protect the wellbeing of its own residents while contributing to health for others. To achieve this, the report recommends a government-wide strategy on global health, bringing together all UK international health activities and factors that influence global health. This strategy should take a coordinated …
In saphenous vein grafts bigger is not significantly better: an intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Ioannis Iakovou, G. Dangas, A. Abizaid, G. Mintz, R. Mehran, Y. Kobayashi, D. Ashby, M. Hirose, S. Iyer, G.W. Stone, M. Collins, G. Roubin, M. Astatkie, J.W. Moses, M.B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Is strong reciprocity really strong in the lab, let alone in the real world?
Authors: Şule Güney, Ben R. Newell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract We argue that standard experiments supporting the existence of “strong reciprocity” do not represent many cooperative situations outside the laboratory. More representative experiments that incorporate “earned” rather than “windfall” wealth also do not provide evidence for the impact of strong reciprocity on cooperation in contemporary real-life situations or in evolutionary history, supporting the main conclusions of the target article.
SAFETY PIN SAFELY PASSED BY CHILD OF SIXTEEN MONTHS.
Authors: J. A. POSTLEWAIT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

InThe Journalof Nov. 25, 1905, Dr. L. W. Littig reported a case of a child eleven months old who swallowed a safety pin one and one-eighth inches in length and passing it in a few hours less than five days. No inconvenience was suffered and no treatment was given. Some time since I had an experience much the same with a child sixteen months old. In my case the safety pin swallowed was one and one-fourth inches long, open, and three-fourths of an inch wide at the angle of opening. The safety pin was swallowed at noon on Saturday and on the following Thursday at 9 a. m. it was passed. The child did not suffer and no treatment was given.
A CASE OF PERFORATING WOUND OF THE EYE: OPERATION: RECOVERY
Authors: C. Killick
Journal: BMJ (1909)

rHl o EAinu I671 recurrent, as they frequently are, the condition clearing up under treatment, and recurring in a week or ten days.'Pressure over the lacrymal sac, which is the simplest of procedures, will clear up the diagnosis almost to a certainty; should pus or muco-pus regurgitate through 'the puncta, the expression treatment should be at once instituted.This is easily carried out by a careful nurse o*r mother ; the sac is evacuated five or six times a day,
Applications for self government
Authors: S S Banerjee, T Hardie, P M Brown, A Hodgkiss, O Burke, S Lloyd-Davies, I Cumming, H Needham-Bennett, S Curran, M Pierides, M Duke, A Treloar, S El Kary
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Although many retrospective studies have con- cluded that Sudeck's atrophy is an unusual and, by implication, uncommon complication of this injury, there is now increasing evidence that this syndrome occurs more often than previously suspected.In one prospective study of 109 patients with Colles' fractures 27 (25%) had clinical features of algodystrophy at nine weeks,2 and in another prospective series of 60 patients the incidence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy was found to be 37%.3We have used three phase technetium-99 m scintigraphy combined with Kozin's clinical cri- teria to determine more accurately the true incidence of this complication.Our experience confirms that as many as one third of patients develop Sudeck's atrophy after a Colles' fracture, although the manifestations are often mild.To our knowledge no specific predisposing factors have been identified, and we therefore question the validity of the statement (which has considerable medicolegal implications) that immobilisation of the wrist in more than 200 of palmar flexion may predispose to the condition.
John David Chaloner
Authors: D. Faux
Journal: BMJ (2011)

John David Chaloner (“David”) was a rare and special doctor. A man who was destined to be the archetypal family doctor, he is mourned by family, friends, colleagues, and patients alike. He was the doctor who everyone wanted as their doctor, who had an encyclopaedic knowledge of patients’ histories and family relationships, and who was always greeted …