tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding associated with chronic pancreatitis.
Authors: A P Jenkins, M M el-Omar, J C Booth, A K Banerjee, K G Burnand, R P Thompson
Journal: Gut (1995)

A 52 year old man with chronic pancreatitis presented with recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroscopy was normal, but visceral angiography suggested that there were gastric varices. Despite treatment with propranolol he had further episodes of bleeding and so underwent splenectomy to decompress the gastric varices. When the spleen was removed, however, an inflammatory mass in the head of the pancreas adherent to the posterior gastric wall was noted. Within it the splenic artery was visible and communicated with the gastric lumen through a small opening in the gastric wall. The artery was ligated and the patient has since had no further bleeding. Thus, chronic pancreatitis should be considered as a cause of recurrent upper gastro-intestinal bleeding, especially when gastroscopy is normal.
Shepard's mirrors or Simon's scissors?
Authors: Peter M. Todd, Gerd Gigerenzer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Shepard promotes the important view that evolution constructs cognitive mechanisms that work with internalized aspects of the structure of their environment. But what can this internalization mean? We contrast three views: Shepard's mirrors reflecting the world, Brunswik's lens inferring the world, and Simon's scissors exploiting the world. We argue that Simon's scissors metaphor is more appropriate for higher-order cognitive mechanisms and ask how far it can also be applied to perceptual tasks. [Barlow; Kubovy &amp; Epstein; Shepard]
Phosphorylation by aurora kinase A induces Mdm2-mediated destabilization and inhibition of p53
Authors: Hiroshi Katayama, Kaori Sasai, Hidehiko Kawai, Zhi-Min Yuan, Jolanta Bondaruk, Fumio Suzuki, Satoshi Fujii, Ralph B Arlinghaus, Bogdan A Czerniak, Subrata Sen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Liver transplantation after paracetamol overdose.
Authors: J G O'Grady, J Wendon, K C Tan, D Potter, S Cottam, A T Cohen, A E Gimson, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the role of liver transplantation after paracetamol overdose. DESIGN--Prospective study of consecutive candidates for transplantation and performance of transplantation over 18 months. SETTING--Liver unit, King9s College Hospital, London. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Fulfilment of indicators of poor prognosis, selection for transplantation, transplantation, survival. RESULTS--30 of 37 patients considered to have a reasonable prognosis with intensive medical care survived. Of 14 of 29 patients considered to have a very poor prognosis and registered for urgent liver transplantation, six received liver transplants, four of whom survived, while seven died and one survived without a transplant. Three of 15 patients with poor prognostic indicators but not selected for transplantation survived. CONCLUSION--Liver transplantation will have a definite but limited role in the management of fulminant hepatic failure induced by paracetamol.
Your Name Is Hughes Hannibal Shanks: A Caregiver's Guide to Alzheimer's
Authors: Mortimer B. Davis Jewish
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This book is a curious blend. At one level it is a manual for caregivers of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), full of practical information, addresses, tips, and so on. At another level the book is an inspirational plea by a devoted wife and long-suffering caregiver. At an even deeper level, it seems to be an attempt by the author to cope, via the act of writing, with her own (natural) fears, concerns, and difficulties in the personal disaster forced on her by her husband's terrible illness. To start with the practical side, the first part of the book is an intelligent layperson's view of symptoms, signs, and stages of AD, followed by a second part on techniques for successful in-home management. Although the option of a nursing home is briefly and competently dealt with, an underlying assumption of Mrs Shanks was that she would do everything in her power
1006. Analysis of Resistance to Viral Oncolysis in Primary Ovarian Cancer Cell Cultures
Authors: Robert Strauss, Pavel Sova, Shaoheng Ni, Nancy Kiviat, Nicole Urban, Andre Lieber
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We have generated a new type of capsid-modified, conditionally replicating, oncolytic adenovirus (Ad5/35.E1A/TRAIL). Tumor targeting of this vector is achieved via binding of the Ad serotype 35 fiber to CD46, which is upregulated, several orders of magnitude, on most tumor cells in situ. Furthermore, this vector employs a new concept for tumor-specific gene expression that is based on homologous recombination between inverted repeats (IR) in Ad genomes (Ad.IR). Ad5/35.IR-E1A/TRAIL was highly efficient in elimination of liver metastases derived from various human tumor cell lines in mice and did not cause unspecific toxicity in mice or baboons. So far, Ad5/35.IR-E1A/TRAIL has been tested in vitro and in vivo on established tumor cell lines, including ovarian cancer cell lines. Established tumor cell lines, however, often do not reflect the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of tumors in situ and appear not to be adequate models to assess the clinical performance of oncolytic adenoviruses. We therefore tested our oncolytic vector on cultures of primary ovarian cancer cells. Cultures were established from 25 biopsies and 6 ascites fluids from ovarian cancer patients. Tumor cells were either expanded in culture or as subcutaneous xenografts in immuno-deficient mice. Tumor cells within a given culture showed great heterogeneity in Ad infectibility. We therefore obtained clones from single tumor cells after limiting dilution and analyzed them for susceptibility to lysis by Ad5/35.IR-E1A/TRAIL. So far we have studied 16 clones derived from one ovarian biopsy culture. In 14 clones, 100% of tumor cells were lysed by the oncolytic vector. Resistant tumor cells can be efficiently infected with Ad5/35-GFP and supported viral replication. This indicates that resistance to Ad5/35.IR-E1A/TRAIL is due to a block in execution of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. To corroborate heterogeneity of tumor cells in susceptibility to our oncolytic vector, over the next two months we will perform transduction with clones derived from biopsies from at least four additional ovarian cancer patients. The fact that clones derived from the same tumor cultures display different susceptibility also gives us a means to study and identify genes or pathways that are involved in mediating resistance. So far, using DNA arrays, we have compared expression profiles of the original biopsy with those of the corresponding tumor cell culture at different passage numbers. We also included SKOV-3 cells, an established ovarian cancer cell line, in this study. These studies indicated that the expression profile of primary ovarian cancer cultures were closer to that of SKOV-3 than to the original biopsy. We plan to repeat this study and use laser capture to obtain tumor cells from biopsy sections. We have also started array analyses with RNA isolated from resistant and susceptible clone and the results of these studies will be presented.
Serum level of erythropoietin in anemias associated with chronic infection, malignancy, and primary hematopoietic disease
Authors: Harry P. Ward, John E. Kurnick, Michael J. Pisarczyk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The serum level of erythropoietin was measured in 31 patients with anemia secondary to chronic infection or malignancy and compared with erythropoietin levels in 23 patients with iron-deficiency anemia and 14 patients with primary hematopoietic diseases. Erythropoietin levels varied directly with the degree of anemia in patients with iron deficiency or primary hematopoietic disorders. There was no correlation of erythropoietin and the degree of anemia in patients with chronic infection or malignancy and the erythropoietin levels were significantly lower than in patients with iron deficiency or primary hematopoietic disease and the same degree of anemia. A major factor in the anemia of chronic disorders is a decrease in levels of erythropoietin.
Neither ondansetron nor metoclopramide reduced nausea and vomiting in the emergency department
Authors: Stephen R. Pitts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Egerton-Warburton D, Meek R, Mee MJ, Braitberg G. Antiemetic use for nausea and vomiting in adult emergency department patients: randomized controlled trial comparing ondansetron, metoclopramide, and placebo. Ann Emerg Med. 2014 May 9. [Epub ahead of print] 24818542
Keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei (Ulerythema ophryogenes): a cutaneous marker in the Noonan syndrome
Authors: DAGOBERTO O. PIERINI, ADRIAN M. PIERINI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Five cases are reported of Noonan's syndrome, all of which presented keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei (ulerythema ophryogenes). This dermatosis fulfils the criteria mentioned by Noonan & Ehmke (1963) as a pointer for the investigation of cardiac anomalies, especially of the pulmonary artery.
Blood pressure readings may be wrong for overweight patients
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Obese patients may be wrongly diagnosed as hypertensive because the arm cuffs used to measure their blood pressure are the wrong size, a new study has found ( Blood Pressure Monitoring 2003:8:101-6).

The authors say that the larger arm size of obese people results in higher readings when the standard cuff is used. Eight per cent of the people who took part in their study might have been wrongly classed as hypertensive, say the authors, from the Institute of Cardiovascular Investigation at the Hospital Civil de …
Differing Effects of Obstructive and Central Sleep Apneas on Stroke Volume in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Dai Yumino, Takatoshi Kasai, Derek Kimmerly, Vinoban Amirthalingam, John S. Floras, T. Douglas Bradley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea increase risk of mortality in patients with heart failure (HF), possibly because of hemodynamic compromise during sleep. However, beat-to-beat stroke volume (SV) has not been assessed in response to obstructive and central events during sleep in patients with HF. Because obstructive events generate negative intrathoracic pressure that reduces left ventricular (LV) preload and increases afterload, but central events do not, obstructive events should lead to greater hemodynamic compromise than central events.Objectives: To determine the effects of obstructive and central apneas and hypopneas during sleep on SV in patients with HF.Methods: Patients with systolic HF (LV ejection fraction ≤ 45%) and sleep apnea underwent beat-to-beat measurement of SV by digital photoplethysmography during polysomnography. Change in SV from before to the end of obstructive and central respiratory events was calculated and compared between these types of events.Measurements and Main Results: Changes in SV were assessed during 252 obstructive and 148 central respiratory events in 40 patients with HF. Whereas SV decreased by 6.8 (±8.7)% during obstructive events, it increased by 2.6 (±5.4)% during central events (P < 0.001 for difference). For obstructive events, reduction in SV was associated independently with LV ejection fraction, duration of respiratory events, and degree of oxygen desaturation.Conclusions: In patients with HF, obstructive and central respiratory events have opposite hemodynamic effects: whereas obstructive sleep apnea appears to have an adverse effect on SV, central sleep apnea appears to have little or slightly positive effects on SV. These observations may have implications for therapeutic approaches to these two breathing disturbances.
An Antithrombogenic Citric Acid‐Crosslinked Gelatin with Endothelialization Activity
Authors: Motoki Inoue, Makoto Sasaki, Asako Nakasu, Mariko Takayanagi, Tetsushi Taguchi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract A novel citric acid‐crosslinked gelatin matrix with endothelialization activity and anti‐adhesive properties for platelets is prepared. The matrix is characterized using an endothelial cell culture and an antithrombogenic activity test. The number of endothelial cells cultured on the surface of the trisuccinimidyl citrate (TSC)‐crosslinked gelatin increases as the concentration of TSC increases to 20 m M , and then decreases with further increases in TSC concentration. Compared with glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked gelatin, platelet number and fibrin network formation on the TSC‐crosslinked gelatin are minimal at high TSC concentration. The biocompatibility of the matrix is evaluated by bioluminescence imaging. This indicates that the inflammation reaction of the TSC‐crosslinked gelatin is lower than that of glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked gelatin. Physicochemical analysis of TSC‐crosslinked gelatin with different TSC concentrations shows that the high concentration of the cell adhesion sequence, arginine–glycine–aspartic acid, contributes to the promotion of endothelial cell adhesion and subsequent endothelial cell growth. Analysis of the carboxyl groups in the TSC‐crosslinked gelatin showed that the antithrombogenic activity is due to the increased negative charge derived from the hydrolyzed active ester groups of TSC. These findings show that TSC‐crosslinked gelatin has the potential for use in biomedical devices in contact with blood, such as stents, artificial blood vessels, and artificial heart valves.
Survey of Intestinal Pathogens from Immigrant Children
Authors: R. G. Thompson, J. G. P. Hutchison, N. M. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Four thousand immigrant schoolchildren were screened by using a concentration method on a single faecal specimen for intestinal helminths; 1,468 (37%) were positive. Carriage rates were highest (51%) in children from the West Indies, in whom trichuris (75% of carriers) and ascaris (40% of carriers) predominated; carriage of two or more species was common (36% of carriers). Carriage of worms was low in children from Kenya (16%) and Uganda (7%). Children from South-east Asia, predominantly from India and Pakistan, had carriage rates between 30 and 40%; girls and boys from Pakistan differed significantly in their carriage patterns of hook-worm (commoner in boys) and hymenolepis and ascaris (commoner in girls).Five salmonellas were found, two of which were Salmonella typhi, and five Shigella sonnei were isolated. No isolates were made of Vibrio cholerae (classical or El Tor biotypes) from 590 South-east Asian children.
Differences in the metabolism and disposition of ursodeoxycholic acid and of its taurine-conjugated species in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Pietro Invernizzi, Kenneth D. Setchell, Andrea Crosignani, Pier Maria Battezzati, Alberto Larghi, Nancy C. O'Connell, Mauro Podda
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The clinical effectiveness of ursodeoxycholate in the treatment of liver disease may be limited by its poor absorption and extensive biotransformation. Because in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the more hydrophilic bile acid tauroursodeoxycholate has greater beneficial effects than ursodeoxycholate, we have compared for the first time the absorption, metabolism, and clinical responses to these bile acids in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Twelve female patients with PBC were sequentially administered tauroursodeoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate (750 mg/d for 2 months) in a randomized, cross–over study. Bile acids were measured in serum, duodenal bile, urine, and feces by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Biliary ursodeoxycholate enrichment was higher during tauroursodeoxycholate administration (32.6% vs. 29.2% during ursodeoxycholate; P &lt; .05). Lithocholic acid concentration was consistently higher in all biological fluids during ursodeoxycholate administration. Fecal bile acid excretion was the major route of elimination of both bile acids; ursodeoxycholate accounted for 8% and 23% of the total fecal bile acids during tauroursodeoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate administration, respectively ( P &lt; .05). Tauroursodeoxycholate was better absorbed than ursodeoxycholate, and, although it was partially deconjugated and reconjugated with glycine, it underwent reduced biotransformation to more hydrophobic metabolites. This comparative study suggests that tauroursodeoxycholate has significant advantages over ursodeoxycholate that may be of benefit for long–term therapy in PBC.
REM Sleep and the Early Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Thomas A. Mellman, Victoria Bustamante, Ana I. Fins, Wilfred R. Pigeon, Bruce Nolan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The potential for chronicity and treatment resistance once posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become established has stimulated interest in understanding the early pathogenesis of the disorder. Arousal regulation and memory consolidation appear to be important in determining the development of PTSD; both are functions of sleep. Sleep findings from patients with chronic PTSD are complex and somewhat contradictory, and data from the acute phase are quite limited. The aim of the present study was to obtain polysomnographic recordings during an acute period after life-threatening experiences and injury and to relate measures of sleep duration and maintenance and the timing, intensity, and continuity of REM sleep to the early development of PTSD. METHOD: Twenty-one injured subjects meeting study criteria received at least one polysomnographic recording close to the time of medical/surgical stabilization and within a month of injury. PTSD symptoms were assessed concurrently and 6 weeks later. Sleep measures were compared among injured subjects with and without significant PTSD symptoms at follow-up and 10 noninjured comparison subjects and were also correlated with PTSD severity. RESULTS: There was more wake time after the onset of sleep in injured, trauma-exposed patients than in noninjured comparison subjects. Development of PTSD symptoms was associated with shorter average duration of REM sleep before a stage change and more periods of REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS: The development of PTSD symptoms after traumatic injury is associated with a more fragmented pattern of REM sleep.
Urticarial vasculitis: a report of nine cases and review of the literature
Authors: J.P. CALLEN, SHERILYN KALBFLEISCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Urticaria may be the only cutaneous manifestation of a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. We have studied nine patients with urticarial vasculitis.The spectrum ranged from limited cutaneous disease (six cases) to severe systemic disease with renal failure (one case). The individual urticarial lesions were of long duration (over 4h) in all patients and in seven cases an ecchymotic stain was left when the urticaria resolved. All patients complained of moderate to severe pruritus. Associated findings included arthralgia (two cases), fever (one case) and glomerulonephritis (one case), but none had neurological disease, abdominal pain or arthritis. Therapy was difficult in seven patients, and these cases were controlled only with systemic corticosteroids. This disorder falls within the larger group of vasculitides. It is distinguished only by its skin lesions, which cannot always be distinguished clinically from common urticaria.
Association of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity with treatment and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (HCV)
Authors: James E. Everhart, Elizabeth C. Wright
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Increased γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity is associated with liver injury and with mortality in the general population. Less is known about its association with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) outcomes. We examined GGT as a predictor of both virological response to treatment and long-term clinical outcomes in the Hepatitis C Anti-viral Treatment Against Cirrhosis Trial (HALT-C). HALT-C enrolled patients with advanced liver disease (Ishak fibrosis score ≥3) in two phases: a lead-in to establish lack of sustained viral response with full dose pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin followed by a 3.5-year randomized trial with low-dose IFN. Low-dose IFN did not prevent liver disease progression, and patients were then followed for up to an additional 5 years off therapy. Analyses were performed for 1,319 patients who had GGT measured prior to initiation of treatment. Increases in risk with each increase in quintile of GGT (10-57, 58-89, 90-139, 140-230, 231-2,000 IU/L) were determined by logistic regression for treatment response or Cox regression for clinical outcomes. Baseline GGT was associated with male sex, nonwhite ethnicity, diabetes and insulin resistance, interleukin (IL)28B rs12979860 CT and TT genotypes, and numerous markers of liver disease injury and severity. In the lead-in phase, increasing GGT was strongly associated with diminished week 20 response, end of treatment response, and sustained virological response in both univariate and multivariate analyses controlling for factors known to be associated with treatment response ( P &lt; 0.0001). GGT was also associated with all clinical outcomes in univariate and multivariate analysis ( P &lt; 0.05) except for hepatocellular carcinoma ( P = 0.46 in multivariate analysis). Conclusion : GGT is an independent predictor of both virological response and clinical outcomes among patients with advanced liver disease due to HCV.
Controversial Costs of Cocaine-Reply
Authors: Ciaran S. Phibbs
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —Dr Page is correct in pointing out that our abstract was potentially misleading. Our article examined both the crude (or unadjusted) costs of fetal cocaine exposure and those obtained from regression models. In the abstract we included only the unadjusted costs and the most interesting regression results, ie, the differential effects of crack and multiple substance exposure. We regret not clearly stating in the abstract the method by which each of these was calculated; however, as Page notes, we did so in the body of the article.  However, Page's objections to our national projections are unfounded because the projections were based on a regression model where the cost of cocaine was statistically significant (model 3, the effects of crack vs other forms of cocaine exposure). His conclusions about the lack of statistical significance of the variable for all cocaine-exposed infants (model 1) deserves comment. Although it did not
Cancer Immunotherapy-Reply
Authors: Evan M. Hersh
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Drs Plotkin and Rosen are critical of our discussion of BCG vaccine (235:646, 1976) mainly because of its tone of enthusiasm. In our opinion, that is exactly the way a promising new modality of therapy should be brought to the attention of the broad medical community. In our article, we cited the positive studies either completed or in progress, which are the foundation of our enthusiasm. We also pointed out several uncertainties and summarized our cautious optimism (as clearly recognized by Drs Plotkin and Rosen in the last paragraph of their letter). New treatments do not become widely used without both enthusiasm and optimism based on scientific observation. Another point of the letter is that it is both "misleading" and "precipitous" to encourage the use of a treatment modality that is "extraordinarily complex" with expectations that are unduly optimistic at this time. We do not agree. First, we