tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia: An immunoelectron microscopic study
Authors: Nagahito Saito
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4; French-American-British classification) is light microscopically defined as the leukemia constituting leukemic cells in both granulocytic and monocytic lineages. Therefore, the characteristics of M4 have not been fully elucidated. The author previously indicated that normal neutrophilic granulocytes could be ultrastructurally differentiated from normal monocytes by the double staining of lactoferrin and lysozyme. In this investigation, the ultrastructural localization of both proteins were observed in order to make the outline of M4 clear. The leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia (M2) were also examined in comparison with those in M4. The leukemic cells in M4 showed the double stainability of lactoferrin and lysozyme, and the positive reactions were localized in the cytoplasmic matrix and in the granules. The staining pattern was similar to that in M2. The coexistence of lactoferrin and lysozyme in the leukemic cells in M4, which has ultrastructurally the monocytic characteristics, implied that the leukemic cells also possess the characteristics of the cells in the granulocytic lineage. This suggests that the presence of the various leukemic cells in the granulocytic lineage. This suggests that the presence of the various leukemic cells signifies the diversely abnormal maturations in vivo of the monocytes/granulocytes precursor cell and that M4 consists of not two kinds of distinguishable cells of granulocytic and monocytic lineages but various consecutive cells based on a malignant transformation of the precursor cell.
Increased Nitrosothiols in Exhaled Breath Condensate in Inflammatory Airway Diseases
Authors: MASSIMO CORRADI, PAOLO MONTUSCHI, LOUISE E. DONNELLY, ALBERTO PESCI, SERGEI A. KHARITONOV, PETER J. BARNES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Nitrosothiols (RS-NOs) are formed by interaction of nitric oxide (NO) with glutathione and may limit the detrimental effect of NO. Because NO generation is increased in airway inflammation, we have measured RS-NOs in exhaled breath condensate in patients with asthma, cystic fibrosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We also measured exhaled NO and nitrite (NO2 −) in the same subjects. RS-NOs were detectable in exhaled breath condensate of all subjects. RS-NOs were higher in subjects with severe asthma (0.81 ± 0.06 μ M) when compared with normal control subjects (0.11 ± 0.02 μ M, p < 0.01) and with subjects with mild asthma (0.08 ± 0.01 μ M, p < 0.01). Elevated RS-NOs values were also found in patients with cystic fibrosis (0.35 ± 0.07 μ M, p < 0.01), in those with COPD (0.24 ± 0.04 μ M, p < 0.01) and in smokers (0.46 ± 0.09 μ M, p < 0.01). In current smokers there was a correlation (r = 0.8, p < 0.05) between RS-NOs values and smoking history (pack/year). We also found elevated concentrations of NO2 − in patients with severe asthma, cystic fibrosis, or COPD, but not in smokers or patients with mild asthma. This suggests that exhaled NO2 − is less sensitive than exhaled RS-NOs. This study has shown that RS-NOs are detectable in exhaled breath condensate of healthy subjects and are increased in patients with inflammatory airway diseases. As RS-NOs concentrations in exhaled breath condensate vary in the different airway diseases and increase with the severity of asthma, their measurement may have clinical relevance as a noninvasive biomarker of nitrosative stress.
GPs to check on patients' residency status to stop “health tourism”
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

General practitioners will need to vet new patients for their residential status before treating them, under new rules to be drawn up by the government in a bid to cut the cost of so called health tourists seeking medical care in the United Kingdom.

The new proposals come just six weeks after hospitals introduced a system of charging overseas visitors for medical care other than emergency care.

Under …
Suppression of Factor IX Antibody in Hemophilia B by Factor IX and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: I. M. NILSSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Two patients with severe hemophilia B complicated by inhibitors of factor IX (equivalent to 0.6 and 4 to 12 units per millilitre plasma, respectively) are described. Administration of factor IX concentrate alone caused a tenfold increase of the inhibitor, which did not return to its original level for 8 months. Combined treatment, with a large single dose of factor IX concentrate (4000 to 15 000 units of factor IX) and cyclophosphamide, for tooth extractions and severe bleeding episodes, resulted in a prompt decline in antibody titer. Satisfactory hemostasis and suppression of antibody formation required administration of factor IX in doses large enough to neutralize the inhibitor and raise the factor IX level to at least 50% of normal. The inhibitor level remained at zero for 12 days to 3 months, after which it gradually rose to its original level.
Requiem for a Textbook
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1964)

DARWINIAN PRINCIPLES can apply to textbooks as well as to persons. Books, like people, have their own struggle for existence and only the fittest survive. We may argue, of course, that the ones that survive are not necessarily the best. A textbook's viability and life span may depend largely on the goodwill and recommendations of the faculty, yet, in the last analysis, it is the student's acceptance that counts. Any such approbation, in turn, depends on the problems the student has to face in the classroom. As will presently become apparent, the changing attitudes of the teaching faculty, as well as the marked expansion in knowledge and information, have affected the style of some popular textbooks and doomed others to premature obsolescence. It is the student who develops the most intimate relationships with textbooks, which represent for him the chief and dependable storehouses of medical knowledge. They protect him against
HERPES ZOSTER WITH MOTOR PARALYSIS
Authors: W. A. BLOEDORN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Herpes zoster is now generally considered to be an acute infectious disease, to which infection the posterior root ganglions show a decided susceptibility. The lesion is usually an acute hemorrhagic inflammation limited to a few ganglions, those most prone to attack being the gasserian and the ganglions from the third dorsal to the second lumbar spinal roots. The cutaneous lesions are, as a rule, typical and leave little room for doubt regarding the nature of the process.  The involvement of the posterior root ganglions may, however, be secondary to some acute infectious disease such as malaria, typhoid, meningitis or syphilis, and the eruption occurs in the usual fashion.  As a rule, the lesions of zoster are confined to the sensory roots, but occasionally manifestations of motor involvement are observed and one should keep this fact in mind, as the motor symptoms, when occurring, may cause more alarm to the patient
Catheter Guide for Bronchoscope
Authors: Richard H. Overholt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

EXPOSURE of the larynx and the passage of the tip of the instrument between the vocal cords is usually the most difficult of the entire bronchoscopic procedure. This is particularly true when the intubation is done under topical anesthesia, a method that has certain practical advantages. Not infrequently, patients tell me that bronchoscopy performed elsewhere was such a terrible ordeal that they refuse another examination or beg not to have it.With careful preoperative medication and application of the anesthetic agent to all mucosal areas that will come in contact with the instrument, and with skillful and gentle instrumentation, pain . . .
Abstract 5657: Polyamidoamine dendrimers induce epigenetic changes in cultured normal and malignant human lung epithelial cells.
Authors: Pekka J. Kohonen, Neus T. Feliu, Lena Palmberg, Hanna L. Karlsson, Annika E. Wallberg, Roland C. Grafström, Bengt Fadeel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Dendrimers constitute structurally well-defined nanomaterials that are potentially useful for a vast range of biomedical applications, including targeted cancer therapy. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are a relatively unexplored material subclass from consideration of low-dose studies of toxicological and biological effects, including epigenetic changes that may link to altered cell differentiation and risk of transformation. The present study assessed cell viability, histone modifications, genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression changes in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) and the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 following exposure to 4th generation PAMAM dendrimers with hydroxyl (-OH) or amino (-NH2) terminating groups. The preliminary results show that these PAMAMs can regulate DNA methylation and histone modification at micromolar levels without significant effect on cell viability (lactate dehydrogenase assay). Specific changes in DNA methylation patterns implicated inflammation-related genes, although with different results in the two model systems. The results imply epigenetic regulation of gene expression by PAMAMs, and follow up work now investigates this hypothesis. Close attention to safety issues is of paramount importance for the sustainable development of the nanotechnologies, especially for biomedical applications, and the present data may shed light on potential long-term/low-dose effects of engineered nanomaterials. Citation Format: Pekka J. Kohonen, Neus T. Feliu, Lena Palmberg, Hanna L. Karlsson, Annika E. Wallberg, Roland C. Grafström, Bengt Fadeel. Polyamidoamine dendrimers induce epigenetic changes in cultured normal and malignant human lung epithelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5657. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5657
Mothers of Misery: Child Abandonment in Russia
Authors: Fred Butzen
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<i>Mothers of Misery</i>is a learned and thorough study of child abandonment in tsarist Russia and of the attempts of the tsarist government to cope with the problem. Its author, David L. Ransel, professor of history and women's studies at Indiana University, began to study the records of the Russian foundling homes in order to portray the lives of Russian peasants. His study appears to have outgrown his original plan, however: although much light is shed on how peasants lived,<i>Mothers of Misery</i>can also be studied as a parable of the difficulties governments face when they grapple with the problems of the family. As Dr Ransel documents, infanticide was commonly practiced in Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Church and state attempted to deal with this problem by punishing women who killed their children and by creating institutions to care for illegitimate infants. Such institutions first made their appearance in
Surrogate Parenting: Analysis and Recommendations for Public Policy
Authors: Mary A. Hartshorn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In March of 1985, New York State's Governor Cuomo convened a Task Force on Life and the Law, to deal with issues such as organ transplantation, determining death, the new reproductive technologies, and other issues devolving from advancements in medical technology. This slender volume (139 pages plus an Appendix, Proposed Surrogate Parenting Act), published in May of 1988, is one product of the Task Force's deliberations.  Packed into its two parts is some quite concentrated material. Part I, The Medical, Legal and Social Context, deals with infertility (chapter 1), Assisted Reproduction, (chapter 2), and the applicability of New York State family law to questions of surrogacy. In more detail, chapter 1 raises the question of why the public is not more educated about treatable causes of infertility, pointing out that sexually transmitted diseases, for example, may account for a potentially preventable 20% of the infertility statistics. Chapter 2 presents brief,
Low-Level Exposure to Multiple Chemicals: Reason for Human Health Concerns?
Authors: Andreas Kortenkamp, Michael Faust, Martin Scholze, Thomas Backhaus
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

A key question in the risk assessment of exposures to multiple chemicals is whether mixture effects may occur when chemicals are combined at low doses which individually do not induce observable effects. However, a systematic evaluation of experimental studies addressing this issue is missing.
Differences in therapeutic consequences of exercise testing between a rural and an urban Danish county: population based study
Authors: T. Niemann
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Coronary angiography is the main diagnostic test for deciding whether to refer a patient for coronary revascularisation, but referral for coronary angiography may vary significantly among regions. 1 2 Regional differences have been explained by the fact that access to cardiac catheterisation facilities is associated with a higher likelihood of undergoing angiography. 3 4 We investigated the impact of exercise stress testing on decisions taken about patients suspected of having angina pectoris and the barriers to referral for coronary angiography.

We identified all exercise tests and coronary angiography performed during 1996 in two Danish counties, Aarhus (urban) and Ringkobing (rural), with five hospitals in each county. The total study population was about 900 000 inhabitants. Invasive cardiac facilities were available only in Aarhus but were for use of both counties. Data from the County Public Health Authorities on the number of admissions …
BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN NONPSYCHOTIC VOLUNTEERS FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF TARAXEIN, THE SUBSTANCE OBTAINED FROM SERUM OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: ROBERT G. HEATH, STEN MARTENS, BYRON E. LEACH, MATTHEW COHEN, CHARLES A. FEIGLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Our studies concerned with the clinical effects of the administration of taraxein, a protein isolated from the serum of schizophrenic patients and not obtained from normal serum through our processing procedure, are summarized. In addition, we reported studies which suggest that this substance apparently is present in whole serum and is not a product activated through our processing procedure. One study concerned with the attempt to isolate taraxein following the administration of D-LSD-25 and a study describing the isolation of taraxein from patients receiving Thorazine were described. These experiments suggested that the LSD psychoses do not result from the formation of taraxein in nonpsychotic volunteers and that Thorazine does not produce clinical improvement by destroying or reducing levels of taraxein.
Ion Channel Subunit Expression Changes in Cardiac Purkinje Fibers
Authors: Ange Maguy, Sabrina Le Bouter, Philippe Comtois, Denis Chartier, Louis Villeneuve, Reza Wakili, Kunihiro Nishida, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Purkinje fibers (PFs) play key roles in cardiac conduction and arrhythmogenesis. Congestive heart failure (CHF) causes well-characterized atrial and ventricular ion channel subunit expression changes, but effects on PF ion channel subunits are unknown. This study assessed changes in PF ion channel subunit expression (real-time PCR, immunoblot, immunohistochemistry), action potential properties, and conduction in dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced CHF. CHF downregulated mRNA expression of subunits involved in action potential propagation (Nav1.5, by 56%; connexin [Cx]40, 66%; Cx43, 56%) and repolarization (Kv4.3, 43%, Kv3.4, 46%). No significant changes occurred in KChIP2, KvLQT1, ERG, or Kir3.1/3.4 mRNA. At the protein level, downregulation was seen for Nav1.5 (by 38%), Kv4.3 (42%), Kv3.4 (57%), Kir2.1 (26%), Cx40 (53%), and Cx43 (30%). Cx43 dephosphorylation was indicated by decreased larger molecular mass bands (pan-Cx43 antibody) and a 57% decrease in Ser368-phosphorylated Cx43 (phospho-specific antibody). Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced Cx40, Cx43, and phospho-Cx43 expression at intercalated disks. Action potential changes were consistent with observed decreases in ion channel subunits: CHF decreased phase 1 slope (by 56%), overshoot (by 32%), and phase 0 dV/dt(max) (by 35%). Impulse propagation was slowed in PF false tendons: conduction velocity decreased significantly from 2.2+/-0.1 m/s (control) to 1.5+/-0.1 m/s (CHF). His-Purkinje conduction also slowed in vivo, with HV interval increasing from 35.5+/-1.2 (control) to 49.3+/-3.4 ms (CHF). These results indicate important effects of CHF on PF ion channel subunit expression. Alterations in subunits governing conduction properties may be particularly important, because CHF-induced impairments in Purkinje tissue conduction, which this study is the first to describe, could contribute significantly to dyssynchronous ventricular activation, a major determinant of prognosis in CHF-patients.
Strumal Carcinoid Tumor of the Ovary
Authors: Isabelle Gorin, Xavier Sastre-Garau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

REFERENCES 1. Heymann WR: Toxic epidermal necrolysis 2006. J Am Acad Dermatol 55:867-869, 2006 2. Lacouture ME, Melosky BL: Cutaneous reactions to anticancer agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor: A dermatology-oncology perspective. Skin Therapy Letter 12:1-5, 2007 3. Nassif A, Bensussan A, Boumsell L, et al: Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Effector cells are drug-specific cytotoxic T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 114:1209-1215, 2004 4. Krumbholz M, Pellkofer H, Gold R, et al: Delayed allergic reaction to natalizumab associated with early formation of neutralizing antibodies. Arch Neurol 64:1331-1333, 2007 5. Lacouture ME: Mechanisms of cutaneous toxicities to EGFR inhibitors. Nat Rev Cancer 6:803-811, 2006
THE TREATMENT OF EXTENSIVE BURNS.
Authors: EMANUEL FRIEND
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Of all accidents which befall the human race none, in my opinion, call for more speedy and at the same time scientific treatment to alleviate pain, shock and subsequent infection than an extensive burn of the second or third degree, may it be caused by the mere flame, molten metals, boiling fats, hot water, steam and the like. It is not the object of this paper to go into the minutiæ of etiology, symptomatology or pathologic anatomic changes characterizing the different forms and degrees of burns, but merely to hint at the anatomic changes taking place in the three gradations under which all burns are classified, and suggest a method of application of one of the oldest and best of therapeutic measures, namely water. In burns of the first degree, dermatitis combustionis erythematosa, we get a mild hyperemia of the papillary vessels of the corium with consecutive paresis and passive
Hemodynamic effects of acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
Authors: R Marfella, F Nappo, L De Angelis, G Paolisso, M R Tagliamonte, D Giugliano
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients and to see whether these effects are related to changes in nitric oxide (NO) availability. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty newly diagnosed complication-free diet-treated type 2 diabetic patients participated in the study. All patients underwent 3 hyperglycemic glucose clamps in random order: 1) the control study was performed with plasma glucose clamped at 18 mmol/l for 2 h; 2) the octreotide study with plasma insulin blocked at basal levels during the clamp; and 3) the L-arginine study with L-arginine (1 g/min) infused during the last 30 min of the clamp. A group of 8 patients also underwent a glutathione infusion (600 mg as an intravenous bolus followed by 5 mg/min infusion) during the clamp. RESULTS: During hyperglycemia, there were significant increments of systolic (sBP) (from 115.5 +/- 9.1 to 120.3 +/- 8.2 mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and diastolic (dBP) (from 70.3 +/- 7.8 to 79.7 +/- 5.3 mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.01) blood pressure, as well as heart rate (from 75.2 +/- 7.8 to 80.8 +/- 5.4 beats/min, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and plasma catecholamines (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Squatting ratios, a measure of the baroreflex activity, significantly deteriorated after hyperglycemia (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The infusion of octreotide, used to avoid the possible confounding influence of insulin, did not change the hemodynamic effects of hyperglycemia. Glutathione, a free radical scavenger, completely prevented the vascular effects of hyperglycemia. L-Arginine produced a fall in sBP and dBP to baseline values and normalized squatting ratios. CONCLUSIONS: Acute hyperglycemia in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients causes significant hemodynamic changes that are independent of endogenous insulin and are prevented by glutatione and reversed by L-arginine, suggesting an interference with endogenous NO availability. These observations could help explain the adverse cardiovascular effects of hyperglycemic spikes.
THE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA
Authors: B. W. Rycroft
Journal: BMJ (1933)

1. Acute Hepatic Inefficiency.-Although the greater part of the liver may be removed or incapacitated without much change in the blood urea level, subnormal values of 5 to 10 mg. per 100 c.cm. have been recorded in severt and usually fatal conditions of acute yellow atrophy, acute necrosis due to arsenic, phosphorus, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride, and in post-operative " hepatic shock."A corresponding rise in the amino-acid level of the blood usually accompanies this type of hypo-uraemia.2. Diuresis.-Increase in the volume output of urine tends to lower the level of blood urea, and may explain the minimal values recorded in diabetes insipidus and other diabetic polyurias. 3. Lipoid Nephrosis.-Thiscontroversial condition has been associated with blood urea values of 7 to 12 mg.per 100 c.crn. 4. Pregnancy.-Thehypo-uraemia of pregnancy is probably due to renal stimulation by the extra load imposed upon it.UROTOXAEMIA Pathologically, the chief interest of urea is in relation to the condition of " uraemia," the late manifestation of nephritis, and other forms of oliguria.It is difficult to isolate and identify the various signs and symptoms that have been included in the uraemic syndrome, but a distinction can be drawn between simple uraemia, or urotoxaemnia, due entirely to retention of urinary waste products, and the uraemias complicated by extrarenal factors, notably: vascular hypertension, diffuse arteriolar and arterial disease, abnormal vasomotor sensitivity, and myocardial degeneration.The biochemical syndrome of a simple uraemia following total nephrectomy in man has recently been described by Thompson (1932).It was accompanied by the following changes in the blood during the last five days of life.Compositioni of Blood in Simtple Uraemiiia.Values in Milligrams
Reply to S. Stegmaier et al
Authors: Edoardo Missiaglia, Dan Williamson, Julia Chisholm, Pratyaksha Wirapati, Gaëlle Pierron, Fabien Petel, Jean-Paul Concordet, Khin Thway, Odile Oberlin, Kathy Pritchard-Jones, Olivier Delattre, Mauro Delorenzi, Janet Shipley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)