tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response Gene to Complement 32, a Novel Hypoxia-Regulated Angiogenic Inhibitor
Authors: Xiaojin An, Yi Jin, Hongnian Guo, Shi-Yin Foo, Brittany L. Cully, Jiaping Wu, Huiyan Zeng, Anthony Rosenzweig, Jian Li
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) is induced by activation of complement and regulates cell proliferation. To determine the mechanism of RGC-32 in angiogenesis, we examined the role of RGC-32 in hypoxia-related endothelial cell function.Hypoxia/ischemia is able to stimulate both angiogenesis and apoptosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1/vascular endothelial growth factor is a key transcriptional regulatory pathway for angiogenesis during hypoxia. We demonstrated that the increased RGC-32 expression by hypoxia was via hypoxia-inducible factor-1/vascular endothelial growth factor induction in cultured endothelial cells. However, overexpression of RGC-32 reduced the proliferation and migration and destabilized vascular structure formation in vitro and inhibited angiogenesis in Matrigel assays in vivo. Silencing RGC-32 had an opposing, stimulatory effect. RGC-32 also stimulated apoptosis as shown by the increased apoptotic cells and caspase-3 cleavage. Mechanistic studies revealed that the effect of RGC-32 on the antiangiogenic response was via attenuating fibroblast growth factor 2 expression and further inhibiting expression of cyclin E without affecting vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 signaling in endothelial cells. In the mouse hind-limb ischemia model, RGC-32 inhibited capillary density with a significant attenuation in blood flow. Additionally, treatment with RGC-32 in the xenograft tumor model resulted in reduced growth of blood vessels that is consistent with reduced colon tumor size.We provide the first direct evidence for RGC-32 as a hypoxia-inducible gene and antiangiogenic factor in endothelial cells. These data suggest that RGC-32 plays an important homeostatic role in that it contributes to differentiating the pathways for vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 in angiogenesis and provides a new target for ischemic disorder and tumor therapies.
Outcome of older patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Authors: Andrés Esteban, Antonio Anzueto, Fernando Frutos-Vivar, Inmaculada Alía, E. Wesley Ely, Laurent Brochard, Thomas E. Stewart, Carlos Apezteguía, Martin J. Tobin, Peter Nightingale, Dimitrios Matamis, Jorge Pimentel, Freki Abroug
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Elevated Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Microalbuminuric IDDM Patients Is Inversely Associated With Renal Plasma Flow: A compensatory mechanism?
Authors: P L Poulsen, B Juhl, E Ebbehøj, F Klein, C Christiansen, C E Mogensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between renal function, ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP), and glycemic control in microalbuminuric IDDM patients compared with normoalbuminuric patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nineteen male patients (age 33 ± 6 years) with slight microalbuminuria (UAE 20–70 μg/min) were compared with 19 normoalbuminuric (UAE &amp;lt; 15 μg/min) age-matched (33 ± 6 years) male patients. Through constant infusion technique, 125I-iothalamate marked the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and 131I-hippuran marked effective renal plasma flow (RPF). AMBP was measured by oscillometric technique (Spacelabs 90202). RESULTS The microalbuminuric group had higher daytime systolic AMBP (132 ± 11 vs. 125 ± 7 mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and a poorer glycemic control (HbA1c 9.5 ± 1.5 vs. 8.2 ± 1.3%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). GFR (135 ± 22 and 135 ± 17 ml/min) and RPF (598 ± 112 and 542 ± 98 ml/min) were similar in the two groups. In the microalbuminuric group, daytime systolic AMBP was inversely correlated to both RPF (r = −0.77, P &amp;lt; 0.005) and GFR (r = −0.53, P = 0.02). HbA1c and GFR correlated positively in the microalbuminuric group (r = 0.47, P &amp;lt; 0.04). In contrast, the normoalbuminuric patients exhibited no such associations. CONCLUSIONS IDDM patients with moderate microalbuminuria have elevated AMBP and a strong negative association between AMBP and RPF. This leaves several possibilities of interpretation. Primary blood pressure increase (of unknown origin) may induce morphological changes leading to reduction in renal function. Alternatively, blood pressure increase early in the course of incipient nephropathy may represent a compensatory mechanism, initially aiming at preservation of renal function, but later becoming maladaptive.
Bacterial Pathogens and Death during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Yu Wen Chien, Keith P. Klugman, David M. Morens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: A review of recut lung-tissue specimens and published autopsy series from the 1918 influenza pandemic suggests that secondary bacterial pneumonia1 was an important cause of death, co...
Long-term Treatment of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis With Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Derivative
Authors: J.-F. Vitoux, J.-N. Fiessinger, M. Roncato, J.-M. Pernes, P. Brenot, M. Aiach
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Most authors agree with the necessity for long-term antithrombotic therapy after the short-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) to prevent thrombus extension and thromboembolic phenomena. However, the duration of this treatment and the nature and dosage of the different drugs are still a matter of debate.<sup>1-3</sup>Some properties of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), such as long half-life, good bioavailability, and the low incidence of induced thrombocytopenia, support its use as an alternative in the long-term treatment of DVT. <h3>Study.</h3> —Ten patients (mean age, 59 years) with proximal DVT were included in a prospective study. All the DVTs were recent, as assessed by history and clinical and angiographic criteria. Causes and locations of DVT were varied. Six involved the iliofemoral vein, three involved the superficial femoral vein, and three involved the popliteal vein. The mean ( ± SD) initial phle bographic score, derived from Arnessen et al,<sup>4</sup>
Expensive Isolationsim of London's Teaching Hospitals
Authors: W. C. W. Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Doctors' Orders" SIR,-Like so many other doctors I have been appalled by the presentation and content of Doctors' Orders.It is based on the myth of the magical omniscience of the doctor in matters of " health " which belongs to the pre-scientific era of medicine.The advice given on diet implies acceptance of over-
RADIUM IN SKIN DISEASES
Authors: FRANK E. SIMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The preliminary note that I present at this time with reference to the action of radium in skin diseases is based on studies made on forty-five patients with fifteen different skin affections who have had in the aggregate about one thousand applications of radium. Some experiments made on guinea-pigs with the help of Dr. Korper of the Sprague Memorial Institute to determine the effect of radium on experimental eutaneous tuberculosis will be only briefly referred to here. The whole subject of the physics of radium is on a well-established foundation. Radium gives off spontaneously two different therapeutic forces—the emanation and the rays. The emanation has been used principally in the domain of internal medicine. In the treatment of skin diseases the rays are mainly utilized by simply applying the radium directly to the diseased area. A very useful modification of this method consists in the interposition of screens or filters
Synthetic retinoid Am80 ameliorates chronic graft-versus-host disease by down-regulating Th1 and Th17
Authors: Hisakazu Nishimori, Yoshinobu Maeda, Takanori Teshima, Haruko Sugiyama, Koichiro Kobayashi, Yoshiko Yamasuji, Sachiyo Kadohisa, Hidetaka Uryu, Kengo Takeuchi, Takehiro Tanaka, Tadashi Yoshino, Yoichiro Iwakura, Mitsune Tanimoto
Journal: Blood (2011)
Extending the use of clinical audit data: a resource planning model.
Authors: B W Ellis, R C Rivett, H A Dudley
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To create a means by which we can examine and understand the interrelations among the fundamental elements of hospital inpatient care (patients, beds, theatre time, and staff). DESIGN--Predictive study of resource utilisation based on a computerised clinical information system of five years9 audit data from a surgical management system. SETTING--One surgical firm (of one consultant, one registrar, and one preregistration houseman) in a district general hospital. PATIENTS--5267 Patients whose admission records were part of the five years9 audit of surgical management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Mean length of stay; number of occupied beds; turnover interval; throughput (patients/bed); percentage elective theatre occupancy; waiting time for elective admissions; and theatre, hotel, and total costs. RESULTS--Predicted outcome was analysed in the model, taking the actual outcomes in 1988-9 as baseline values, for four clinical scenarios: an increase in accident and emergency admissions, a reduction in beds, a reduced length of stay, and creation of a new firm. Baseline values showed a mean stay of just over five days in 15 beds and with a theatre occupancy of 94%; the total cost was 812,000 pounds (hotel costs 597,000 pounds). Increasing the accident and emergency admissions to 460/year (19%), based on projected trends from 1984 to 1988, resulted in increased hotel costs (55,000 pounds) and reducing bed numbers (by halving admissions) in decreased use of theatres to 71%, decreased throughput, and increased waiting time, from 20 to 92 weeks, at a saving of 99,000 pounds (12%). Reducing stay marginally reduced bed occupancy (8%) and hotel costs (14%), and creating a new surgical team considerably reduced bed occupancy (14%) and waiting time for elective operations (by 20%). The minimum number of beds for referrals, accident and emergency admissions, and planned admissions was 9.0; that for urgent elective admissions was 3.3 and for non-urgent admissions was 2.4. CONCLUSION--A well designed clinical information system with the routine collection of data can provide the necessary output data to enable resource modelling. IMPLICATION--Use of such a model will allow clinicians to participate in resource planning on the basis of what is actually happening within the hospital.
Peritoneal Dialysis in Pulmonary Oedema
Authors: M. I. M. Noble
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Peritoneal Dialysis in Pulmonary Oedema SIR,-The paper by Dr. M. P. Chopra and colleagues (11 July, p. 77) suggests the use of peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of pulmonary oedema after acute myocardial infarction.I would like to make the follow- ing comments.The authors do not mention whether their patients were given salt-free diets.Myocardial infarction may be followed by intense sodium retention which results in rapid gain of body weight unless sodium intake is restricted.(Dr.Chopra and colleagues do not mention what happened to body weight.)If the patients were allowed to go into positive sodium balance it is hardly surprising that diuretics were ineffec- tive.The maximum doses of frusemide given (80 mg. in one case, 120 mg. in another, and 200 mg. in the other two) were quite small.Why were not higher doses of frusemide given?The authors do not mention whether the patients were kept in the sitting position in a cardiac bed.It would be unfortunate to subject patients with pulmonary oedema after myocardial infarction to peritoneal dialysis when the simpler methods of gravity, salt restriction, and high dose frusemide have not been used first.-Iam, etc.,
Motivational Interviewing Improves Weight Loss in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Delia Smith West, Vicki DiLillo, Zoran Bursac, Stacy A. Gore, Paul G. Greene
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—We sought to determine whether adding motivational interviewing to a behavioral weight control program improves weight loss outcomes and glycemic control for overweight women with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a randomized, controlled, clinical trial in which participants all received an 18-month, group-based behavioral obesity treatment and were randomized to individual sessions of motivational interviewing or attention control (total of five sessions) as an adjunct to the weight control program. Overweight women with type 2 diabetes treated by oral medications who could walk for exercise were eligible. Primary outcomes were weight and A1C, assessed at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months. RESULTS—A total of 217 overweight women (38% African American) were randomized (93% retention rate). Women in motivational interviewing lost significantly more weight at 6 months (P = 0.01) and 18 months (P = 0.04). Increased weight losses with motivational interviewing were mediated by enhanced adherence to the behavioral weight control program. African-American women lost less weight than white women overall and appeared to have a diminished benefit from the addition of motivational interviewing. Significantly greater A1C reductions were observed in those undergoing motivational interviewing at 6 months (P = 0.02) but not at 18 months. CONCLUSIONS—Motivational interviewing can be a beneficial adjunct to behavioral obesity treatment for women with type 2 diabetes, although the benefits may not be sustained among African-American women.
1368 URINARY ETHYL GLUCURONIDE IMPROVES THE DETECTION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN LIVER TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES AND RECIPIENTS
Authors: S. Piano, S. Cardillo, L. Marchioro, F. Morando, S. Rosi, A. Romano, M. Cavallin, M. Plebani, A. Gatta, P. Angeli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Dynamin 2 Is Required for Phagocytosis in Macrophages
Authors: Elizabeth S. Gold, David M. Underhill, Naomi S. Morrissette, Jian Guo, Mark A. McNiven, Alan Aderem
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Cells internalize soluble ligands through endocytosis and large particles through actin-based phagocytosis. The dynamin family of GTPases mediates the scission of endocytic vesicles from the plasma membrane. We report here that dynamin 2, a ubiquitously expressed dynamin isoform, has a role in phagocytosis in macrophages. Dynamin 2 is enriched on early phagosomes, and expression of a dominant-negative mutant of dynamin 2 significantly inhibits particle internalization at the stage of membrane extension around the particle. This arrest in phagocytosis resembles that seen with inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and inhibition of PI3K prevents the recruitment of dynamin to the site of particle binding. Although expression of mutant dynamin in macrophages inhibited particle internalization, it had no effect on the production of inflammatory mediators elicited by particle binding.
D1-04: Cisplatin (Cis) + etoposide (VP16) vs. cis + irinotecan (CPT11) in extensive stage small cell lung cancer (E-SCLC): Updated pharmacogenomic (SWOG 0124) and comparative toxicity analysis (JCOG 9511 &amp; SWOG 0124)
Authors: Primo N. Lara, Mary Redman, Ronald Natale, Heinz Josef Lenz, Michael Gordon, Taro Shibata, Haruhiko Fukuda, Tomohide Tamura, Nagahiro Saijo, John Crowley, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Gynaecologist showed "lack of care and judgment"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A consultant gynaecologist who committed a catalogue of surgical blunders and left patients to be rescued by colleagues was struck off the medical register last week for serious professional misconduct.

Charges involving shortcomings in the treatment of 11 patients at the William Harvey Hospital in Ashford, Kent, and at St Saviour's Hospital (owned by the private health insurance scheme BUPA) in nearby Hythe, were found proved against Rodney Ledward, aged 58, of Folkestone, Kent, by the General Medical Council's professional conduct committee.

Mr Ledward was suspended from his NHS practice in February 1996 and summarily sacked without compensation in December 1996 for professional misconduct and incompetence after …
IL-10: another therapeutic target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Authors: A B Millar
Journal: Thorax (2006)

simple intervention can improve cessation in other populations.Does spirometric screening work?For this group of men from Poland, the answer-with regard to increasing smoking cessation-appears to be a qualified yes.Those of us interested in decreasing the most preventable cause of death and disease in the developed world now have a road map to help us design studies for implementation in our own populations.
Early Coronary Angiogenesis in Response to Thyroxine
Authors: Robert J. Tomanek, Matthew K. Doty, Alexander Sandra
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Although a substantial coronary angiogenesis occurs after thyroid hormone treatment, its regulation and relationship to cardiac hypertrophy are not understood. This study was designed to determine (1) the onset of capillary proliferation, (2) the sites of capillary proliferation, and (3) whether basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) upregulation occurs in response to thyroxine administration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected daily with l -thyroxine (T 4 , 0.2 mg/kg SC). Bromodeoxyuridine labeling of capillary endothelial cells increased during the first 24 hours of treatment and peaked after 2 days of treatment. Northern blot analysis revealed a slight increase in bFGF mRNA during this period, followed by a doubling of expression by 48 hours, at which time bFGF protein was also increased. In situ hybridization, used to localize bFGF mRNA, showed an increase in transcripts within 24 hours after T 4 . This enhancement was uniform in the epimyocardium and endomyocardium. Histochemical analysis (double staining for alkaline phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase) of frozen sections, used to discriminate capillary profiles as arteriolar and venular, respectively, showed that growth occurred in the latter, since the percentage of capillary profiles positive for dipeptidyl peptidase was higher than the control value after 4 days of T 4 administration. These data indicate that in the thyroxine model of cardiac hypertrophy (1) capillary DNA synthesis occurs after a single injection of thyroxine, (2) capillary growth coincides with an upregulation in bFGF mRNA and increase in bFGF protein, and (3) proliferation occurs in the venular capillaries.
Nuns to run first heroin injecting room
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To clarify the natural course of gold nephropathy and thereby facilitate its clinical management 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed proteinuria during treatment with intramuscular sodium aurothiomalate were studied in detail throughout their renal illnesses. Renal biopsies were performed, and creatinine clearance and proteinuria were measured serially for 60 months (range 16-130 months). Ten patients developed proteinuria after six months9 treatment, 15 after 12 months, and 18 after 24 months. When treatment was stopped the proteinuria reached a median peak of 2.1 g/day (range 0.7-30.7 g/day) at two months (range 1-13 months) before resolving spontaneously, in eight patients by six months, in 13 by 12 months, and in 18 by 24 months. All patients were free of proteinuria by 39 months, the median duration being 11 months. The median first and last measurements of creatinine clearance showed no significant change (77 ml/minute and 59 ml/minute, respectively), and no patient died from or needed treatment for renal failure. HLA-B8 or DR3 alloantigens, or both, were identified in seven patients. Renal biopsy specimens showed membranous glomerulonephritis in 15 patients, a minimal change nephropathy in two, mesangial electron dense deposits in two, and no appreciable glomerular changes in two. In these 21 patients the proteinuria of gold nephropathy resolved completely when treatment was withdrawn. Renal function did not deteriorate, corticosteroids were unnecessary, and several different renal lesions were seen.
The Role of Effort and Occupation (Including Physicians) in Coronary Occlusion
Authors: Arthur M. Master
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A questionnaire method was developed for the study of 2,600 cases of proved acute coronary occlusion. The data included the hour, the day, and the type of effort or the mode of rest at the onset of the episode. The results did not show that occupation, exertion, or state of inactivity played any part in precipitating the occlusion. There was no evidence that one attack of acute coronary occlusion predisposed to a second attack except indirectly because of the underlying atherosclerosis. The author does not believe that coronary occlusion has become epidemic or that it is caused by modern stress and strain; he believes that its apparent incidence has increased because of the increased age of the population, improved diagnostic skill of physicians, and changes in the classification of heart diseases.
Treatment of chronic orthostatic hypotension with ergotamine.
Authors: A V Chobanian, C P Tifft, D P Faxon, M A Creager, H Sackel
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The acute and chronic effects of ergotamine were examined in four patients with chronic orthostatic hypotension. Chronic oral administration of ergotamine tartrate produced significant increases in standing blood pressure and marked clinical improvement, without appreciable recumbent hypertension. The blood pressure increases were not associated with significant changes in plasma norepinephrine or plasma renin activity. No major toxicity was observed at doses of 2-6 mg/day over treatment periods of 3-18 months. Hemodynamic studies on the effects of i.v. ergotamine tartrate (0.25-0.50 mg) revealed that the ergotamine-induced increase in blood pressure in the supine position was associated with an increase in total peripheral resistance (from 1616 +/- 165 to 2574 +/- 583 U) without a change in cardiac output. During 45-60 degrees upright tilt, ergotamine increased both total peripheral resistance (1801 +/- 296 to 3262 +/- 1107 U) and cardiac output (2.42 +/- 0.46 to 3.34 +/- 0.54 l/min). Forearm plethysmographic studies revealed decreased forearm blood flow and venous volume and increased vascular resistance with ergotamine. The orthostatic hypotensives had more platelet alpha-receptors (390 +/- 31 receptors/cell) than the control subjects (234 +/- 17 receptors/cell). The increased receptor level was associated with abnormally low circulating levels of norepinephrine and increased pressor responsiveness to infused norepinephrine in three of the four patients. Chronic ergotamine therapy appeared to reduce platelet alpha-receptor number to normal. The results indicate that ergotamine is of value in certain patients with chronic orthostatic hypotension and that the blood pressure effects are related to vasoconstriction in both arterial and venous beds.