tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5628: Synthetic peptide mimics of LPS: Potential role as novel adjuvants
Authors: Robert Suriano, Arulkumaran Shanmugam, Shilpi Rajoria, Andrea George, Abraham Mittelman, Raj K. Tiwari
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the principal structural component of gram negative bacterial cell walls, is a potent activator of the immune system responsible for induction of septic shock or systemic inflammation in patients. This systemic inflammation mainly occurs through the interaction between LPS and toll like receptors (TLR-4 and TLR-2) present on antigen presenting cells (APC) thus leading to inflammatory cytokine (TNFα, IL-12, and IL-1β) secretion. Apart from the negative side effects associated with LPS, it mimics an essential and desirable property sought after in developing an optimal adjuvant, namely inducing inflammation and it is this inflammatory property which enables an adjuvant to act as a catalyst in initiating an optimal immune response. Therefore, development and or identification of a compound(s) which can act as an adjuvant by mimicking LPS but lack its harmful systemic side effects is very intriguing. As an initial approach to develop LPS mimics, we used Peptide Phage Display Technology. The peptide library which we used was composed of random linear 7-mer peptides and we identified several peptides which displayed high reactivity with LPS specific antibodies thus suggesting their capability to function as LPS specific peptide mimics. Upon interaction of LPS with TLR-4 and TLR-2 receptors, the one essential event which is at the core of APC activation and initiation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Thus, in order to determine if our peptides functionally mimic LPS, we assessed if they are capable of inducing NFκB nuclear translocation in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells which are stably transfected to express either TLR-4 or TLR-2. The LPS peptide mimics identified in our study were capable of activating both TLR-4 and TLR-2 thus not only validating the fact that they are LPS peptide mimics but that they are functional LPS mimics and are capable of inducing NFκB nuclear translocation just as efficient as LPS. Identification of LPS peptide mimics opens up a new area in the development of adjuvants which can not only induce localized inflammation but also abrogate the systemic effects of LPS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5628.
Masking Author Identity in Peer Review
Authors: Mildred K. Cho, Amy C. Justice, Margaret A. Winker, Jesse A. Berlin, Joseph F. Waeckerle, Michael L. Callaham, Drummond Rennie, None and the PEER Investigators
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—In a previous study, we found that masking success was higher at a journal that masked reviewers to author identity. We hypothesized that masking policy or other factors could be associated with masking success.Objectives.—To evaluate differences in success of masking reviewers to author identity at 7 biomedical journals and to identify factors associated with these differences.Design.—Written questionnaire.Participants.—Reviewers at 3 journals with a long-standing policy of masking author identity (Annals of Emergency Medicine, Epidemiology, and Journal of the American Geriatrics Society) and 4 journals without a policy of masking author identity (Annals of Internal Medicine, JAMA, Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, and Ophthalmology).Main Outcome Measures.—Masking success (percentage of reviewers successfully masked) and reviewer characteristics associated with masking.Results.—There was no significant difference in masking success between journals with a policy of masking (60%) and those without (58%) (P=.92). We found no association between masking success and a policy of masking when adjusted for the reviewer characteristics of age, sex, years of reviewing experience, number of articles published, number of articles reviewed, percentage of time spent in research, editorial experience, or academic rank (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-2.8; P=.43). In multivariable analysis of reviewer characteristics, reviewers spending a greater percentage of time in research, the only significant predictor of masking success, were less likely to be successfully masked (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02) (P=.04).Conclusions.—Masking success appears unrelated to a journal policy of masking, but is associated with reviewers' research experience and could be affected by other characteristics. Using reviewers with less research and reviewing experience might increase masking success, but the effect on review quality is unknown.
Pesticides and priorities.
Authors: J H MacLoughlin
Journal: BMJ (1971)

ceptives have been more widely publicized.Equally disturbing is the increased ra-e of venereal disease among the young.If the British Medical Association can spend time in warning the public of the health hazards of smoking, why does it consistently neglect its duty in warning young people of the health hazards of sexual promiscuity?-Iam, etc.,
American Influence on International Medicine
Authors: Mohan Koppiker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Foreign Medical Graduates in US Postdoctoral Programs: Concern Rises as Total Declines"<sup>1</sup>in the May 15, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>was interesting. I was pleased to learn that Americans are aware of their declining influence on international medicine. In the field of surgery, Britain influences most of the world. There are far more British trained than American-trained surgeons internationally. The influence of American surgery is only through surgical journals. Many foreign medical graduates who study in America decide to stay in the United States for two reasons. First, the system of medicine they learn in the United States is specialized and sophisticated. The graduates do not have the same technology available and cannot practice the type of medicine they have learned in their own countries. Second, the attractions of American life make foreign medical graduates opt to stay in the United States. If
Editorial: Safety of Immunosuppressive Drugs in Pregnant Women With Systemic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Seoyoung C. Kim, Sonia Hernandez‐Diaz
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

In the U.S., it is estimated that more than 4.5 million patients are affected by systemic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriatic arthritis, other inflammatory arthropathy, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (1-3) These diseases often occur in women of childbearing ages. The safety of treatment for systemic inflammatory diseases during pregnancy is a major concern for both patients and their providers. For patients with no or minimal symptoms of systemic inflammatory diseases at conception, discontinuing immunosuppressive therapy before or right after conception might be an ideal option. Patients with active disease, however, need to continue immunosuppressive drugs to control the disease even during pregnancy as the disease activity seems to be an important predictor of pregnancy outcome across different systemic inflammatory diseases.(4-6)
What about sex differences? An adaptationist perspective on “the lines of causal influence” of personality systems
Authors: Kevin MacDonald
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The evolutionary theory of sex implies a theoretically principled account of the causal mechanisms underlying personality systems in which males pursue a relatively high-risk strategy compared to females and are thus higher on traits linked to sensation seeking and social dominance. Females are expected to be lower on these traits but higher on traits related to nurturance and attraction to long-term relationships. The data confirm this pattern of sex differences. It is thus likely that these traits have been a focus of natural selection rather than the traits of gregarious/aloof and arrogant/unassuming hypothesized by Depue &amp; Collins.
Persistent cytomegalovirus in liver allografts with chronic rejection
Authors: I Lautenschlager
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the suggested risk factors for chronic allograft rejection. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that CMV is somehow implicated in rejection mechanisms and in the generation of graft arteriosclerosis, characteristic of chronic rejection. In liver transplantation, there is also evidence of an association between CMV and vanishing bile duct-syndrome (VBDS), which is characteristic of chronic liver allograft rejection. In this study, the role of posttransplant CMV infection and of acute rejection in the patients with irreversible, histologically confirmed chronic liver rejection with VBDS and vasculopathy was analyzed. Ten of 200 (5%) consecutive liver transplants were lost due to chronic rejection, from between 5 and 28 months from transplantation. In these 10 patients, acute rejections were frequent, and nine of ten patients had at least one episode of rejection early after transplantation. All patients (10 of 10) had a history of CMV infection usually following acute rejection. To investigate the role of CMV in chronic rejection, nine available removed grafts were examined for the presence of the CMV genome by DNA-hybridization in situ using a biotinylated CMV-DNA probe. Persistent CMV-DNA was found in all of those available grafts with chronic rejection. CMV-DNA was strongly expressed in the remaining bile ducts and moderately expressed in the endothelial cells of the vascular structures, the CMV positivity of hepatocytes varied from graft to graft. Thus, persistent CMV genome was found in those structures that are the major targets of the chronic rejection process in the liver. These findings support the previous suggestion of an association between CMV and chronic allograft rejection.
Radionuclide Therapy of Pheochromocytomas and Neuroblastomas Using lodine-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)
Authors: A J BRENDEL, R JEANDOT, M GUYOT, B LAMBERT, J DROUILLARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

BRENDEL, A J M.D., Ph.D.; JEANDOT, R M.D.; GUYOT, M M.D.; LAMBERT, B M.D.; DROUILLARD, J M.D. Author Information
Transmission of Buruli disease.
Authors: D. J. Barker, J. K. Clancey, R. H. Morrow, S. Rao
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Da"U= conclude that the situation is one of com- pensated respiratory alkalosis.Surely these patients have a ventilation-perfusion imbalance, with a shunting effect in the collapsed areas.Consequent hypoxaemia has led to hyperventilation in unaffected lung with resulting hypocapnoea and alkalosis.It is clear that is is unwise to make assumptions about acid/base status on the basis of bicarbonate values alone.Less than one third of the patients studied had pH values performed, and those were in the latter portion of the study when the stimulus to ective reappraisal of the initial preli.e canno w Ave been strong.If the lowered Bicarbonate is a compensatf;
Increased Expression of High Affinity IgE (Fc ɛ RI) Receptor- α Chain mRNA and Protein-bearing Eosinophils in Human Allergen-induced Atopic Asthma
Authors: KARALASINGAM RAJAKULASINGAM, STEPHEN TILL, SUN YING, MARC HUMBERT, JULIA BARKANS, MARK SULLIVAN, QIU MENG, CHRISTOPHER J. CORRIGAN, JATINDER BUNGRE, J. ANDREW GRANT, A. BARRY KAY, STEPHEN R. DURHAM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Fc ɛ RI receptors play an important role in allergen-induced mediator release and antigen presentation by mast cells, basophils, and monocyte / macrophages in atopic disorders. The expression of Fc ɛ RI by tissue eosinophils in atopic asthma after allergen challenge has not been established. For this reason we attempted to identify mRNA and protein product + Fc ɛ RI α eosinophils in cytospins made from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from atopic asthmatics (n = 9) and nonatopic normal subjects (n = 4) 24 h after segmental challenge with allergen or diluent. Messenger RNA for Fc ɛ RI α was determined using in situ hybridization and Fc ɛ RI α protein expression by immunocytochemistry using a mouse monoclonal antibody 22E7. Colocalization of Fc ɛ RI α receptors to eosinophils was performed using chromotrope 2R. When compared with a control challenge, segmental challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus induced significant BAL eosinophilia (p = 0.007). The total number of BAL Fc ɛ RI α mRNA and protein-positive cells also increased in asthmatics, median values 2 (0.7–7.2) and 11.5 (0.6–65.0) × 106 cells (p = 0.02) and 0 (0–0.3 × 106) and 3.1 × 106 (0.45 − 162.5 × 106) cells (p = 0.007), respectively, for mRNA and protein. Net increases in Fc ɛ RI α+ cells correlated with the net increases in BAL eosinophils (r = 0.98, p = 0.0001 for mRNA and r = 0.72, p = 0.02 for protein). Colocalization studies with chromotrope 2R revealed that only 4% of Fc ɛ RI α+ cells were eosinophils after control challenge and, in contrast, 85 to 95% of Fc ɛ RI α+ cells were eosinophils after allergen. There were no differences in the numbers of Fc ɛ RI α+ cells or eosinophils in normal control subjects. Our results demonstrated that local endobronchial allergen provocation in atopic asthmatics results in increased synthesis and expression of Fc ɛ RI α predominantly on BAL eosinophils.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL HEMODYNAMIC FUNCTION TO SODIUM EXCRETION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEART DISEASE BUT WITHOUT EDEMA 12
Authors: William Hollander, Walter E. Judson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

Patients in congestive heart failure with periph- eral edema are known to have an impairment of sodium excretion (1), which may persist for some time after they recover from clinical "heart failure" (2).However, little information is available con- cerning the sodium excretion of patients with se- vere heart disease and dyspnea but without a his- tory of peripheral edema.Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate sodium excre- tion in such non-edematous cardiac patients during a moderately high sodium intake.When it was found that this group had no obvious disturbance in the renal excretion of sodium, measurements were made of their cardiovascular and renal hemo- dynamic functions both at rest and during exercise.These measurements were compared with similar determinations in a group of patients with severe heart disease but with peripheral edema in order to determine whether circulatory differences ex- isted which might account for the observed differ- ences in renal excretion of sodium. PATIENTS, METHODS AND COLLECTION OF DATAThe first group of cardiac patients had dyspnea on ex- ertion but no history or finding of peripheral edema al- though some had previously received an occasional diu- retic.Most of the subjects had severe valvular heart disease and evidences of pulmonary congestion in spite of the fact that they were on maintenance doses of digitalis.None had received a diuretic for at least three weeks prior to the study.Simultaneous cardiovascular and renal hemodynamic measurements were made at rest and during exercise by methods identical to those previ-1 Presented at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association, Chicago, Illinois, April 4, 1954.
Activated protein C resistance and the factor V Leiden mutation in children with thrombosis
Authors: Maria T. Sifontes, Rachelle Nuss, Stephen P. Hunger, Jill Waters, Linda J. Jacobson, Marilyn Manco-Johnson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

To determine the prevalence of activated protein C resistance and the factor V Leiden mutation (position 1691, arginine 506 to glutamine substitution) in children with thrombosis, plasma samples from children with thrombosis were tested for activated protein C resistance. DNA was analyzed for the factor V Leiden mutation. Five of 34 children (15%) had activated protein C resistance; each was heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation. All 5 children heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation suffered non-CNS venous thromboses comprising 21% of the group of children (5/24) with non-CNS venous thrombotic events. Each of these 5 children had a family history of thrombosis. In conclusion, children with non-CNS venous thrombosis should be evaluated for the factor V Leiden mutation. Children most likely affected are those with a family history of thrombosis.
Myocardial stiffness derived from end-systolic wall stress and logarithm of reciprocal of wall thickness. Contractility index independent of ventricular size.
Authors: K Nakano, M Sugawara, K Ishihara, S Kanazawa, W J Corin, S Denslow, R W Biederman, B A Carabello
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) is useful in assessing acute changes in contractile state. However, a limitation of ESPVR is that its slope decreases progressively as ventricular size increases without this change necessarily indicating a change in contractile state. In this respect, an index of contractile function that is independent of ventricular size would have an obvious advantage. The exponential constant (k) of the end-systolic relation between wall stress (sigma) and the natural logarithm of the reciprocal of wall thickness [ln(1/H)], sigma = Cekln(1/H), corresponds to the stiffness constant of the myocardium (kSM), a contractile index that should be independent of ventricular size and geometry. To examine the size independence of kSM, we studied left ventricular kSM during beta-blockade (to stabilize inotropic state) in 25 normal dogs with greatly differing ventricular sizes whose end-diastolic volumes ranged from 14 to 82 ml. The kSM was nearly constant (3.6 +/- 0.4) over this wide range of end-diastolic volumes and thus was independent of end-diastolic volume. Conversely, ESPVR, also obtained during beta-blockade, was closely and negatively correlated to end-diastolic volume (r = 0.92). To test the ability of kSM to measure changes in contractile state, we altered contractile state pharmacologically. The kSM increased from 3.7 +/- 0.5 to 4.8 +/- 0.8 (p less than 0.01) with infusion of dobutamine (after reversal of beta-blockade) and decreased to 3.1 +/- 0.3 (p less than 0.05) with inhalation of isoflurane, a negative inotrope, during beta-blockade (p less than 0.05). We conclude that kSM is independent of ventricular size and is sensitive to changes in inotropic state. As such, it should be useful as an index of contractile function.
Regulation of Motor Neuron Specification by Phosphorylation of Neurogenin 2
Authors: Yong-Chao Ma, Mi-Ryoung Song, Jin P. Park, Hsin-Yi Henry Ho, Linda Hu, Martin V. Kurtev, Janine Zieg, Qiufu Ma, Samuel L. Pfaff, Michael E. Greenberg
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome and Renal Biopsy
Authors: JAMES G. DOLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1988Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome and Renal BiopsyJAMES G. DOLAN, M.D.JAMES G. DOLAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-494_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I disagree with Levey and associates (1) that their decision analysis model has shown that "the choice between biopsy and empiric steroids for the average adult with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a toss-up." For this conclusion to be valid, the authors would have to show that their analysis is methodologically correct, that their results are insensitive to plausible changes in the event probabilities and utility measures used in the model, and that the model itself incorporates all considerations that influence the clinical decision-making process. Their study does not fully meet any of these criteria.Although the authors...References1. LEVEYLAUPAUKERKASSIRER AJSJ. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: puncturing the biopsy myth. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:697-713. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WEINSTEINFINEBERG MH, eds. Clinical Decision Analysis. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, Co.; 1980:218-20. Google Scholar1. QUINE W: Methods of Logic. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston; 1961. Google Scholar2. SHEPARDWEINSTEIN DM. Utility functions for life years and health status. Operations Res. 1980;28:206-29. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCan decision analysis adequately represent clinical problems? 1 March 1988Volume 108, Issue 3Page: 494-494KeywordsBiopsyDecision analysisSteroids Issue Published: 1 March 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Haemodialysis in Infants and Small Children
Authors: J. Anderson, H. A. Lee, C. E. Stroud
Journal: BMJ (1965)

One of the main problems found was that many infants and young children needed more than one haemodialysis, which increased the technical difficulties.The problems are such that quite recently Barry and Schwartz (1964) suggested peritoneal dialysis as an alternative, although they felt that haemodialysis should be used when available and practicable, or when peritoneal dialysis fails.Segar, Gibson, and Rhamy (1961), however, reporting 10 infants and small children treated by peritoneal dialysis, were dubious whether extracorporeal haemodialysis could be done on small children.Since then reports of peritoneal dialysis in a further 20 children have appeared (Etteldorf, Dobbins, Summitt, Rainwater, and Fischer, 1961; Etteldorf, Sweeney, Smith, Whittington, Sheffield, and Meadows, 1962; Gianantonio, Vitacco, Mendilaharzu, Mendilaharzu, and Rutty, 1962; Burns, Henderson, Hager, and Merrill, 1962), the first mentioned authors believing that this method will be preferred for the management of acute renal failure until extracorporeal haemodialysis has been shown to be safe and that it can be applied repeatedly over a prolonged time. MethodUnder light general anaesthesia the saphenous veins were exposed in both legs in the region of the fossa ovalis and a 25-cm.nylon catheter with an external diameter of 1.34 mm. was passed through each vein into the inferior vena cava (Fig. 1).One catheter, which acted as the return from the artificial kidney, was passed to a high level; the other was placed low down for withdrawal of blood to the artificial kidney.The infant was given 1 mg./kg.body weight of
1218 HIGH SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE (SVR) RATE AFTER DANOPREVIR FOR ONLY 14 DAYS ASSOCIATED WITH PEG-INTERFERON ALFA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE CHRONIC HCV GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS
Authors: P. Larrey, C. Carenco, D. Guyader, N. Boyer, Y. Benhamou, H. Daniélou, G.-P. Pageaux, R. Rouzier, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts on the Theory of Dreams
Authors: Martin Grotjahn
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Humberto Nagera, MD, is professor of psychiatry in the University of Michigan and used to be the chairman of the "Concept Research" at Anna Freud's clinic in London. He has edited, together with his team from the Hampstead Child Therapy Clinic, this second volume of basic psychoanalytic concepts which follows a similar book on libido theory and which will be followed by two more volumes on psychoanalytic theory. In this volume 25 basic concepts have been isolated from Freud's work which are considered cornerstones of Freud's theory and interpretation of dreams. These concepts become fundamental for the understanding of psychoanalytic theory generally. They include subjects such as dream sources, dream work, censorship, manifest and latent contact, condensation, displacement, symbolism, secondary vision, and interpretation. The presentations are condensed but seem to contain all significant statements which were made by Freud at different points in his work during his lifetime. References to