tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of local corticosteroid injection and naproxen for treatment of lateral epicondylitis of elbow in primary care
Authors: E. M Hay, S. M Paterson, M. Lewis, G. Hosie, P. Croft
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To compare the clinical effectiveness of local corticosteroid injection, standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and simple analgesics for the early treatment of lateral epicondylitis in primary care. <b>Design:</b> Multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> 23 general practices in North Staffordshire and South Cheshire. <b>Participants:</b> 164 patients aged 18-70 years presenting with a new episode of lateral epicondylitis. <b>Interventions:</b> Local injection of 20 mg methylprednisolone plus lignocaine, naproxen 500 mg twice daily for two weeks, or placebo tablets. All participants received a standard advice sheet and co-codamol as required. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Participants9 global assessment of improvement (five point scale) at four weeks. Pain, function, and “main complaint” measured on 10 point Likert scales at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. <b>Results:</b> Over 2 years, 53 subjects were randomised to injection, 53 to naproxen, and 58 to placebo. Prognostic variables were similar between groups at baseline. At 4 weeks, 48 patients (92%) in the injection group were completely better or improved compared with 30 (57%) in the naproxen group (P&lt;0.001) and 28 (50%) in the placebo group (P&lt;0.001). At 12 months, 43 patients (84%) in the injection group had pain scores ≤3 compared with 45 (85%) in the naproxen group and 44 (82%) in the placebo group (P&gt;0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Early local corticosteroid injection is effective for lateral epicondylitis. Outcome at one year was good in all groups, and effective early treatment does not seem to influence this. <h3>Key messages</h3> Most lateral epicondylitis is managed by general practitioners, but optimum treatment is unclear This large pragmatic randomised trial showed that corticosteroid injection was significantly better than non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or placebo tablets at four weeks A two week course of a standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory was no better than placebo A few patients who respond well initially to injection relapse by six months. Long term outcome was good, irrespective of initial treatment allocation
Establishment of a novel anaplastic large-cell lymphoma-cell line (COST) from a ‘small-cell variant’ of ALCL
Authors: L Lamant, E Espinos, M Duplantier, N Dastugue, A Robert, M Allouche, J Ragab, P Brousset, C Villalva, R D Gascoyne, T Al Saati, G Delsol
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Details of circulatory system, chest yielding to computed tomography
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Computed tomography (CT) still reigns as the hottest technology in medicine, revolutionizing the diagnostic capabilities of most medical specialties. A number of studies are in progress to further delineate its specific diagnostic potential. At the American College of Chest Physicians meeting in Boston, one panel focused on the use of CT to diagnose heart and lung disease. The CT whole-body scanner, which is used to visualize the thorax, revolves a roentgenographic beam around a patient, completing a 360-degree revolution in about 4 1/2 s. A 1-cm tissue plane is scanned and then converted into an image that is first depicted by a set of attenuation numbers. These numbers represent the rate at which the beam penetrates the tissues of the thorax, thus reflecting tissue density. Bone has arbitrarily been assigned an attenuation number of +1,000, air —1,000, and water 0. Hence the first image is a set of numbers indicating
THE MINIMIZING OF INSANITY
Authors: MARY LAWSON NEFF
Journal: JAMA (1913)

When we consider that the number of students in all the colleges and universities of the nation is exceeded by the number of patients in our hospitals for the insane; that the annual economic loss is conservatively estimated at $100,000,000, to which may be added one-third as much for actual maintenance; while the burden of sorrow and loss in social and ethical ways cannot be computed, we realize that in seeking to minimize this sad feature of our national life we are considering no small problem in medicine, in sociology, in economics and in philanthropy. Obviously, the first consideration is, how far is it possible, with our present knowledge of preventive medicine, to decrease this number. At least from 15 per cent, to 20 per cent, of commitments are attributed to alcohol, and from 10 per cent. to 12 per cent, to syphilis. Such cases are, in theory at least,
Bath is a bath is a bath
Authors: Harold O. Conn
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Immersion in water in spas has been practised for centuries and has many proponents. Despite fierce debate about its efficacy there has been little scientific evaluation of the effect of immersion in mineral waters. Eight normal subjects were immersed in Bath spa water for two hours and the renal, haematological, and cardiovascular responses were compared with those in the control periods before and after immersion. Significant, twofold diuresis and natriuresis, 5% haemodilution, and a 50% increase in cardiac index were observed in subjects immersed, sitting, in Bath spa water at 35°C. These changes may constitute part of the scientific rationale for spa treatment in many states of disease.
127 HOMOZYGOSITY FOR THE PNPLA3/ADIPONUTRIN I148M POLYMORPHISM INFLUENCES LIVER FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: L. Valenti, A. Al-Serri, A.K. Daly, E. Galmozzi, R. Rametta, P. Dongiovanni, V. Nobili, E. Mozzi, G. Roviaro, E. Vanni, E. Bugianesi, M. Maggioni, A.L. Fracanzani, S. Fargion, C.P. Day
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Unacceptable in the under 50s
Authors: Alain Braillon, Gérard Dubois
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Lane et al report the feasibility of testing for prostate cancer in men aged 45-49.1 Screening for prostate cancer in men older than 50 is hardly acceptable because overdiagnosis is obvious and the impact on mortality remains unproved despite the findings of numerous trials in the past 15 years.

Of 19 major …
Bursting the bubble: Do we need true Gestalt isomorphism?
Authors: Niall P. McLoughlin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Lehar proposes an interesting theory of visual perception based on an explicit three-dimensional representation of the world existing in the observer's head. However, if we apply Occam's razor to this proposal, it is possible to contemplate far simpler representations of the world. Such representations have the advantage that they agree with findings in modern neuroscience.
Renal Uptake on Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy in a Patient With Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Meryem Kaya, Tevfik Fikret ??ermik, Erhan Tabako??lu, Yasemin Kutucu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

An 18-year-old woman presented with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and was hospitalized because of hemoptysis and was referred to our department for a differential diagnosis pulmonary thromboembolism. Doppler ultrasonography of the lower extremities was normal. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization showed right ventricular dilatation and increased pulmonary artery pressure without anatomic (intracardiac) shunt. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 110 mm Hg. Tc-99m MAA lung perfusion scans showed nonsegmental patchy defects. Extrapulmonary renal uptake and increased systemic deposition of radiotracer were seen in the MAA scintigraphy. It could be related to a functional intrapulmonary shunt resulting in increasing pressure in the pulmonary artery in PPH.
THE MEDICAL SCIENCES—A SOURCE OF SCHOLARLY STRENGTH FOR THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: H. Stanley Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A proper affiliation of medical schools with universities, though advocated as a reform measure in the United States by Flexner, is actually of ancient and noble sanction. Eight hundred years ago the Universities of Salerno and Montpelier boasted of eminent doctors in their medical faculties. Faculties of medicine were necessary and standard features of medieval European universities. <h3>Medieval Learning</h3> But medieval universities were primarily instruments for disseminating and fortifying orthodoxy. Once they had assimilated the classical learning of the ancients and reconciled it with Christian dogma, medieval universities continued as essentially teaching institutions, passing on and working over the knowledge of the past, but contributing little that was new. Francis Bacon speaks thus of the substance of medieval university curricula: "This kind of degenerate learning did chiefly reign amongst the schoolmen; who having sharp and strong wits, and abundance of leisure, and small variety of reading; but their wits being
Interleukin-7 induced immunopathology in arthritis
Authors: S A Y Hartgring, J W J Bijlsma, F P J G Lafeber, J A G van Roon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Interleukin (IL)-7 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that is detected in joints of patients with rheumatoid and juvenile idiopathic arthritis and which correlates with parameters of disease. Several synovial cell types that play an important role in inflammation and immunopathology, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts, produce IL-7. IL-7 induces cytokines produced by arthritogenic T cells (for example, interferon γ (IFNγ), IL-17), T cell differentiating factors (for example, IL-12), chemokines capable of attracting inflammatory cells (for example, macrophage induced gene (MIG), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α) as well as molecules involved in cell adhesion, migration, and costimulation (for example, lymphocyte function associated antigen (LFA)-1, CD40, CD80). In addition, IL-7 can induce bone loss by stimulating osteoclastogenesis that is dependent on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). IL-7 induces tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) secretion by T cells and by monocytes after T cell dependent monocyte/macrophage activation. Importantly, induction of both IL-7 and IL-7 induced effects seems to be able to operate independent of TNFα. Together this suggests that IL-7 is an important cytokine in several rheumatic conditions, capable of inducing inflammation and immunopathology. Thus it may be an important target for immunotherapy.
Transient Rib Abnormalities on Radionuclide Bone Imaging Related to Breast Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: TIMOTHY S. BURKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A patient presented with symmetric focal increased uptake on radionuclide bone imaging 2 months after breast reconstruction surgery. Subsequent bone imaging revealed disappearance of the rib abnormalities. The transient nature of the symmetric rib abnormalities, along with the history of recent surgery, strongly suggested postoperative changes rather than metastatic disease.
China is accused of "warehousing" and denying treatment to its illicit drug users
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The compulsory incarceration of drug users in China deprives detainees of treatment for their addiction and other diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV, and exposes them to forced labour and physical abuse, says a report by human rights campaigners. 

Holding drug users in drug detention centres also exacerbates the transmission of HIV among injection drug users and into the wider community, say international organisations. 

The report by New York based Human Rights Watch is based on interviews with drug users and staff from local and international non-government organisations in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces in China’s southwest—two provinces with the highest prevalence for illicit drug use in China.

Joe Amon, the health and human rights …
Analgesic abuse, ureteric obstruction, and retroperitoneal fibrosis.
Authors: C T Lewis, E A Molland, V R Marshall, G C Tresidder, J P Blandy
Journal: BMJ (1975)

We report two cases of unusual ureteric obstruction in patients with an excessive consumption of analgesics. In a retrospective survey of seven cases of non-malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis seen in the last 15 years it was found that four had taken excessive amounts of analgesics. A careful drug history should be taken in all patients with restroperitoneal fibrosis and ureteric obstruction.
TCT-652 Incidence and Predictors of Late Catch-up Phenomenon After Drug-eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Masanobu Ohya, Kazushige Kadota, Seiji Habara, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Successful anti-scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) monoclonal antibody therapy in humanized mice after challenge with HCV variants with<i>in vitro</i>resistance to SR-BI-targeting agents
Authors: Koen Vercauteren, Naomi Van Den Eede, Ahmed Atef Mesalam, Sandrine Belouzard, Maria Teresa Catanese, Dorothea Bankwitz, Flossie Wong-Staal, Riccardo Cortese, Jean Dubuisson, Charles M. Rice, Thomas Pietschmann, Geert Leroux-Roels, Alfredo Nicosia, Philip Meuleman
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced endstage liver disease is currently a major indication for liver transplantation. After transplantation the donor liver inevitably becomes infected with the circulating virus. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the HCV coreceptor scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) inhibit HCV infection of different genotypes, both in cell culture and in humanized mice. Anti-SR-BI mAb therapy is successful even when initiated several days after HCV exposure, supporting its potential applicability to prevent HCV reinfection of liver allografts. However, HCV variants with reduced SR-BI dependency have been described in the literature, which could potentially limit the use of SR-BI targeting therapy. In this study we show, both in a preventative and postexposure setting, that humanized mice infected with HCV variants exhibiting increased in vitro resistance to SR-BI-targeting molecules remain responsive to anti-SR-BI mAb therapy in vivo . A 2-week antibody therapy readily cleared HCV RNA from the circulation of infected humanized mice. We found no evidence supporting increased SR-BI-receptor dependency of viral particles isolated from humanized mice compared to cell culture-produced virus. However, we observed that, unlike wild-type virus, the in vitro infectivity of the resistant variants was inhibited by both human high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). The combination of mAb1671 with these lipoproteins further increased the antiviral effect. Conclusion : HCV variants that are less dependent on SR-BI in vitro can still be efficiently blocked by an anti-SR-BI mAb in humanized mice. Since these variants are also more susceptible to neutralization by anti-HCV envelope antibodies, their chance of emerging during anti-SR-BI therapy is severely reduced. Our data indicate that anti-SR-BI receptor therapy could be an effective way to prevent HCV infection in a liver transplant setting. (Hepatology 2014;60:1508–1518)
Cholecystectomy protects against extrahepatic bile duct cancer: Is this a result of the removal of gallstones? Ekbom A, Hsieh C-C, Yuen J, Trichopoulous D, McLaughlin JK, Lan S-J, Adami H-O. Risk of extrahepatic bile duct cancer after cholecystectomy. Lancet 1993;342:1262–1265
Authors: David T. Walden, Roger D. Soloway, Roger S. Crowther
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
Green college lectures: 1984. Medicine in the United States.
Authors: G Wolstenholme
Journal: BMJ (1984)

thermia core temperature fell because of peripheral vasodilata- tion and sweating.Furthermore, central inhibition of shivering occurred when plasma glucose concentrations were below 2-5 mmol/l (45 mg/100 ml), resulting in more profound hypothermia.Intravenous glucose rapidly restored the shivering response.6Awareness of the association between hypoglycaemia and hypothermia is clinically important.In the patient described correction of hypoglycaemia led to rapid restoration to normal body temperature.In some patients presenting with hypothermia the primary event may be hypoglycaemia.Where hypothermia and hypoglycaemia coexist the most appropriate treatment could be the immediate administration of intravenous glucose.Plasma glucose concentration should, therefore, be measured in all patients with hypothermia. References
Bath-water compared with oral delivery of 8-methoxypsoralen PUVA therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: P.C. LLINS, S.R. GERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Bath‐water compared with oral delivery of 8‐methoxypsoralen PUVA therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis Get access P.C. LLINS, P.C. LLINS City of Dublin Skin and Cancer Hospital, Hume Street, Dublin 2 Dr P.Collins, Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.R. GERS S.R. GERS City of Dublin Skin and Cancer Hospital, Hume Street, Dublin 2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 4, 1 October 1992, Pages 392–395, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00460.x Published: 01 October 1992
Atrial Fibrillation in the Intact Unanesthetized Dog: Hemodynamic Effects during Rest, Exercise, and Beta-Adrenergic Blockade*
Authors: Richard H. Martin, Samuel T. Lim, Robert L. Van Citters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The effects of atrial fibrillation were studied in 12 healthy unanesthetized dogs, 9 to 49 days after surgical implantation of transducers for measurement of aortic flow and left ventricular diameter. Atrial fibrillation and pacing at comparable ventricular rates were induced by electrical stimulation of the right atrial appendage, and their effects were compared with observations made during sinus rhythm in each dog. At rest, cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were not significantly different during sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation, and atrial pacing. After beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, cardiac output during fibrillation was significantly less than that during pacing at comparable ventricular rates. Arterial pressure was not detectably altered. During moderately severe treadmill exercise by six dogs, cardiac output fell significantly upon induction of fibrillation. After pentobarbital anesthesia fibrillation caused decrements in cardiac output and arterial pressure that were accentuated after thoracotomy.These observations suggest the existence of compensatory mechanisms that maintain an essentially constant cardiac output when atrial fibrillation is induced in healthy unanesthetized dogs at rest. These mechanisms appear to fail during moderately severe exercise, beta-adrenergic blockade, and pentobarbital anesthesia.
US agency warns against morcellation in hysterectomies and myomectomies
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety communication on 17 April urging doctors not to use laparoscopic power morcellation for hysterectomies or removal of uterine fibroids over concerns that the technique may spread uterine sarcomas beyond the uterus.1

These procedures use a device with rapidly spinning blades to cut the uterine tissue into fragments so that it can be removed through a small incision. The term comes from the French morceler, to break into pieces.

However, according to a new FDA analysis, about 1 in 350 women having a hysterectomy or myomectomy for …
Does Pancreatic Elastase-1 in Stools Predict Steatorrhea in Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: Franco Cavalot, Katia Bonomo, Elisa Fiora, Elisa Bacillo, Paola Salacone, Massimo Chirio, Ezio Gaia, Mariella Trovati
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Areduction of exocrine pancreas function frequently occurs in type 1 diabetes (1), and its detection has been made easy by measurement of fecal pancreatic elastase-1 (PE-1) (2,3). We recently observed that PE-1 correlates in these patients with poor blood glucose control, diabetes duration, and residual β-cell function (4). A possible consequence of severe pancreatic insufficiency is steatorrhea, defined as a daily fecal fat excretion (FFE) >6 (1) or >7 (5) g/day for subjects consuming 100 g of fat per day (1,5,6). Testing FFE requires multiple daily stool collections (6) and is not routinely feasible in asymptomatic subjects, being poorly accepted by patients and disliked by laboratory technicians. We considered here the hypothesis that low PE-1 identifies patients to be submitted to FFE measurement for steatorrhea detection.

We studied, with the approval of the ethical committee of our institution and the subjects’ informed consent, 66 consecutive type 1 diabetic subjects in regular follow-up at our diabetes clinic without history or symptoms of gastrointestinal disease and negative for anti-transglutaminase, anti-gliadin, and anti-endomysium antibodies checked to exclude celiac disease. Their clinical features were 32 men and 34 women aged (means ± SD) 36.7 ± 12.1 years, age at diagnosis 22.7 ± 13.6 years, diabetes duration 13.9 ± 9.7 years, BMI 24.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2, fasting C-peptide 0.21 ± 0.32 ng/ml (radioimmunoassay; Adaltis, Bologna, Italy), Diabetes Control and Complications Trial–aligned HbA1c 8.4 ± 1.4% (high-performance liquid chromatography, Bio-Rad Variant II Total GHb Program; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Munchen, Germany; calibrated to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial through the U.S. National Glycohemoglobin Standardized Protocol), and daily albumin excretion rate (AER) 35.3 ± 63.7 μg/min (nephelometry; Beckman, Milan, Italy). A total of 49 subjects were normoalbuminuric, 15 were micro- and 2 macroalbuminuric, 45 presented no diabetic retinopathy, 14 …
Emphasize Steering Instead of the Brake
Authors: Dwight L. Wilbur
Journal: JAMA (1968)

I have great pride in the American Medical Association! To have been placed in the highest office of the Association by the House of Delegates is, therefore, at once not only a signal honor but a great satisfaction to me personally and clearly the high point in my professional life. I accept the opportunity to serve this great Association, confident that with your guidance and support the burdensome problems of the year ahead can be met with vigor, with strength, with clear understanding, and with substantial progress toward our ideal of high quality of medical care for every American. This is a day of great importance and sentiment to me. I have been a most fortunate person. Here, in this beautifully situated city overlooking the blue and calm Pacific, I have lived for 31 years practicing my beloved profession of medicine. Here before me lived my maternal great-grandfather, Dr. Charles
The Changing Mole
Authors: Arthur J. Sober
Journal: JAMA (1985)

What should be done about a changing mole? Do all changing pigmented lesions need to be removed? More information is available about change in the setting of malignant melanoma than change in benign nevi. Change is a relatively common event in cutaneous melanoma and has been well studied. The frequencies of certain changes have been correlated with the extent of development. Fifty-five percent of early melanoma (≤0.85 mm in thickness) have had an increase in size and 49% have had a change in color noted by the patient before diagnosis.<sup>1</sup>Bleeding, pain, and ulceration are rarely seen in early melanoma and benign nevi but are significant findings encountered in 63%, 19%, and 50% of advanced primary tumors (≥3.65 mm), respectively. Lesional itching is noted by at least one of four patients with melanoma.<sup>1</sup> Changes occurring in benign nevi have not been as well studied. Because only 1% of