tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Informed Consent, Proxy Consent, and Catholic Bioethics: For the Good of the Subject
Authors: John Travaline
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Points from Letters: Infection and the Water-closet
Authors: R. R. Gilfillan
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BDffMponsibilities and carry their burdens without themselves breaking under the strain.Social workers everywhere are trained to respect their clients' integrity and to en- courage them to make their own decisions with a view to helping them retain or recover their self-respect and independence as far as may be possible.Only as a last resort will a social worker seek to solve the problem by removing it-for example, by arranging insti- tutional care.Moreover, the importance they attach to the uniqueness of the individual, whoever he may be and whatever his circumstances, which is a basic principle of social casework, helps to counteract the tendency to standardization which is a recognized risk arising from the size and complexity of the social services.Admittedly, the developments just described do not and cannot go all the way to overcoming the tendency, to which all of us are liable in greater or lesser degree, to accept what is given and rely on others to see us through our difficulties, and any attempt to alleviate distress by collective provisions involves the risk of encouraging this, but I think it right, especially in view of the quota- tions cited by Pertinax, to draw attention to the fact that the most recent developments in the social services are directed towards giving individuals and families (to quote the Child- ren and Young Persons Act, 1963) "professional advice, guidance and assistance," which, it is hoped, will encourage and enable them to cope with their difficulties without forfeiting their independence and self-respect.
Pulmonary Autograft Versus Aortic Homograft for Rereplacement of the Aortic Valve : Results From a Subset of a Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: G. S. Carr-White, S. Glennan, S. Edwards, F. D. Ferdinand, A. C. Desouza, J. R. Pepper, M. H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The use of a pulmonary autograft for rereplacement of the aortic valve has both potential advantages and disadvantages. This study details the early results of a subset of patients enrolled in a prospective randomized trial comparing pulmonary autografts and aortic homografts who have had previous aortic valve replacements.A total of 47 patients who had undergone >/=1 previous aortic valve replacement were randomized to receive either a pulmonary autograft (24 patients aged 40+/-11 years) or an aortic homograft (23 patients aged 37+/-11 years) for rereplacement of the aortic valve. One early death occurred in the homograft group, and 1 late (7 months) death occurred in the autograft group. One patient who received a pulmonary autograft was reoperated on for inflammatory pulmonary stenosis. One patient in each group was reopened for bleeding (both within 24 hours). Two patients in the autograft group had postoperative neurological weakness; they fully recovered over 2 months. Hospital stay, blood loss, incidence of perioperative arrhythmia, and markers of coronary ischemia were similar between the 2 groups. At 6-month follow-up (range, 1 to 12 months), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was similar in both groups (homografts, 5.0+/-0.9 cm; autografts, 5.2+/-0.6 cm; P=NS), and no patient in either group had significant aortic valve dysfunction.Rereplacement of the aortic valve with a pulmonary autograft is feasible and safe in patients aged 14 to 60, regardless of their preoperative diagnosis or clinical condition.
A Human Factors Subsystems Approach to Trauma Care
Authors: Ken Catchpole, Eric Ley, Doug Wiegmann, Jennifer Blaha, Daniel Shouhed, Alexandra Gangi, Renaldo Blocker, Richard Karl, Cathy Karl, Bill Taggart, Benjamin Starnes, Bruce Gewertz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> A physician-centered approach to systems design is fundamental to ameliorating the causes of many errors, inefficiencies, and reliability problems. <h3>Objective</h3> To use human factors engineering to redesign the trauma process based on previously identified impediments to care related to coordination problems, communication failures, and equipment issues. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This study used an interrupted time series design to collect historically controlled data via prospective direct observation by trained observers. We studied patients from a level I trauma center from August 1 through October 31, 2011, and August 1 through October 31, 2012. <h3>Interventions</h3> A range of potential solutions based on previous observations, trauma team engagement, and iterative cycles identified the most promising subsystem interventions (headsets, equipment storage, medication packs, whiteboard, prebriefing, and teamwork training). Five of the 6 subsystem interventions were successfully deployed. Communication headsets were found to be unsuitable in simulation. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome measure was flow disruptions, with treatment time and length of stay as secondary outcome measures. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 86 patients were observed before the intervention and 120 after the intervention. Flow disruptions increased if the patient had undergone computed tomography (CT) (<i>F</i><sub>1200</sub> = 20.0,<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and had been to the operating room (<i>F</i><sub>1200</sub> = 63.1,<i>P</i> &lt; .001), with an interaction among the intervention, trauma level, and CT (<i>F</i><sub>1200</sub> = 6.50,<i>P</i> = .01). For total treatment time, there was an effect of the intervention (<i>F</i><sub>1200</sub> = 21.7,<i>P</i> &lt; .001), whether the patient had undergone CT (<i>F</i><sub>1200</sub> = 43.0,<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and whether the patient had been to the operating room (<i>F</i><sub>1200</sub> = 85.8,<i>P</i> &lt; .001), with an interaction among the intervention, trauma level, and CT (<i>F</i><sub>1200</sub> = 15.1,<i>P</i> &lt; .001), reflecting a 20- to 30-minute reduction in time in the emergency department. Length of stay was reduced significantly for patients with major mortality risk (<i>P</i> = .01) from a median of 8 to 5 days. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Deployment of complex subsystem interventions based on detailed human factors engineering and a systems analysis of the provision of trauma care resulted in reduced flow disruptions, treatment time, and length of stay.
Abstract 2052: MicroRNA-101 promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by repressing the polycomb group protein EZH2
Authors: Yukiharu Hiyoshi, Hidenobu Kamohara, Junji Kurashige, Kouichi Kinoshita, Naoko Hayashi, Masayuki Watanabe, Hideo Baba
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Although aberrant expression of miRNAs has been observed in various types of human cancer, their pathophysiologic role and their relevance to tumorigenesis are still largely unknown. Overexpression of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein, a known repressor of gene transcription, has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy in several types of cancer. Purpose: The aim of this study was (1) to analyze the expression and function of microRNA-101 (miR-101) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), (2) to elucidate the regulation of the EZH2 expression by miR-101 as its target gene. Methods: miR-101 expression was investigated in 27 matched normal esophageal epitheliums and ESCCs and 12 ESCC cell lines (TE1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, KYSE30) by TaqMan quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). To evaluate the role of miR-101, cell proliferation and apoptosis was analyzed with pre-miR-101-precursor transfected cells. Next, the regulation of EZH2 by miR-101 was analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting. In addition, to elucidate the role of EZH2 gene in ESCC, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of EZH2 protein in 120 resected ESCC specimens and determined its association with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Results: In matched 27 resected specimens, the expression of miR-101 was significantly down-regulated in ESCCs compared with normal epitheliums. All 15 ESCC cell lines also showed down-regulation of miR-101. Pre-miR-101-precursor transfected cells promote cellular apoptosis and showed significant reduction in cellular proliferation. Pre-miR-101-precursor transfected cells significantly repressed EZH2 expression in both mRNA level and protein level. In the immunohistochemical analysis of EZH2, 78 (65%) showed positive staining, while 42 (35%) lacked the staining. Positive staining for EZH2 was associated with a poor prognosis significantly. Conclusions: miR-101 promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in ESCC by repressing EZH2 expression as a tumor-suppressive-microRNA. It plays an important role in progression of ESCC and may serve as a novel therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2052.
STUDIES IN EXPERIMENTAL EXTRACORPOREAL THROMBOSIS
Authors: Takuji Shionoya
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The effects of environmental temperature on thrombosis in circulating blood were tested in the extracorporeal loop by the method previously described. Cold (7 degrees to 15 degrees C.) about the collodion tube retards the clotting of circulating blood. Obstruction of the arterial cannula occurs after from 15 to 25 minutes. Heat (40 degrees and 55 degrees C.) tends to hasten clotting; obstruction by red clot takes place after from 4 to 6 minutes and from 2 to 4 minutes, respectively. In the latter case no characteristic thrombus structure may be seen. These results were what might be expected. The formation of white thrombi occurs even under the influence of cold, and they continue to form and grow as long as the circulation continues. When the carotid artery is partially occluded and the blood stream slowed, after the injection of the anticoagulant, the blood has a tendency to form red thrombi on the foreign surface of the vascular loop. The thrombi are deposited chiefly in the arterial half of the apparatus, especially at the bottom of the arterial end of the collodion tube, just as in the case of Aschoff's sand experiments. In spite of incoagulability of heparinized blood, red clots, with interwoven fibrin bands, are found. Also very tiny white thrombi may form in other parts of the collodion tube. The effect of complete obstruction of the carotid artery and jugular vein on thrombus formation was studied after the use of anticoagulant. When the carotid artery is obstructed the formation of white thrombi is negligible and sedimentation of erythrocytes and deposition of fibrin appear throughout the apparatus; then the blood, at a standstill, clots very slowly. When the jugular vein is obstructed, dislodgment of platelet thrombi probably results from the pulsating movement, and sedimentation of erythrocytes follows, forming mixed thrombi. The dislodged white thrombi tend to gather in the bottom of the tubes of the widest caliber, especially in the collodion tube.
Analgesia in acute pancreatitis: comparison of buprenorphine and pethidine.
Authors: S L Blamey, I G Finlay, D C Carter, C W Imrie
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Les 2 produits ont une efficacite analgesique a peu pres equivalente. Cependant la pethidine, moins couteuse, presente un danger d'assuetude: pour les malades jeunes atteints d'episodes repetes et pancreatite, parfois lies a l'alcoolisme, la buprenorphine est plus sure
Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A multicentre study
Authors: E. Cuquemelle, F. Soulis, D. Villers, F. Roche-Campo, C. Ara Somohano, M. Fartoukh, A. Kouatchet, B. Mourvillier, J. Dellamonica, W. Picard, M. Schmidt, T. Boulain, C. Brun-Buisson
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Fatal hypercalcaemia complicating carcinoma of breast, resistant to cortisone and phosphate administration.
Authors: V Parsons, G Stirling, E Knight
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Scleroderma Heart Disease-Fletcher and Morton ME] greater than the S deflection, and this may reflect right ventricular hypertrophy, as this lead is located at the xiphistemum.Comment.-The electrocardiogram was recorded five months before death, so that close correlation with the necropsy find- ings has less meaning.Nevertheless, it is reasonable to assume that the abnormal S-T segment changes reflect myocardial impairment due to the diffuse myocardial fibrosis found at necmpsy. DiscussionThese two patients had primary myocardial infiltration and fibrosis associated wiih advanced scleroderma.They com- plained of breathlessness, but assessment of this symptom is difficult in view of the pulmonary fibrosis and restriction of respiratory effort in extensive scleroderma.Radiological and auscultatory findings were not particularly helpful.The Electrocardiogram alone afforded objective evidence of primary myocardial involvement, as noted in the above comments.The abnormal findings were confined chiefly to S-T segment and T-wave changes, indicating abnormal repolarization of the ventricular myocardium on the basis of extensive myocardial impairment supported by necropsy findings.Windesheim and Parkin (1958) reviewed the electrocardiographic findings in 27 similar cases, of which three showed low QRS voltage and T-wave changes similar to those described above.Pulmonary involvement or metabolic abnormalities in scleroderma may also produce secondary electrocardiographic anomalies, as noted in the interpretations.Neither patient had hypertension to com- plicate the electrocardiographic findings.The cause of death was probably not related directly to the cardiac abnormality in either case. SummaryTwo cases of generalized progressive scleroderma are described with electrocardiographic and necropsy findings.Cardiac symptoms may be masked by pulmonary involvement.The electrocardiogram gave the most useful objective evidence of the primary myocardial infiltration, confirmed at necropsy, when correlated with the clinical findings.The S-T segment and T-wave changes, however, are non-specific in character, and this requires to be taken into account in generalized scleroderma, which may also be associated with renal hypertension and metabolic imbalance.
Abstract 4730: Inhibition of the p53-HDMX interaction sensitizes melanoma to chemotherapy
Authors: Elisabeth A. Russell, Agnieszka Gembarska, Jean-Christophe Marine, Federico Bernal
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin disease worldwide. It is an aggressive cancer that is often resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation-based therapy. The combination of a low survival rate in metastatic disease and lack of successful treatment options underscores the need to elucidate novel methods to target melanoma. More than 95% of human melanomas retain wild type p53, the protein responsible for maintaining genomic integrity; and HDMX, a negative regulator of p53 that neutralizes p53, has recently been found to be overexpressed in 65% of human cutaneous melanoma. These features suggest that targeting the p53-HDMX interaction in melanoma could not only restore the tumor suppressor function of p53, but also sensitize melanoma cells to treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic agents which rely on an intact p53 response. We have previously demonstrated that a hydrocarbon-stapled α-helix based on the transactivation domain of p53 (SAH-p53-8) efficiently disrupts p53-HDM2 and p53-HDMX complexes allowing for p53 to induce apoptotic cell death. Here, we show that SAH-p53-8 treatment is cytotoxic to metastatic melanoma cells by a p53-dependent mechanism. Additionally, SAH-p53-8 sensitizes melanoma to treatment with either cisplatin or the HDM2-specific inhibitor Nutlin-3. Importantly, the inhibition of the p53-HDMX complex arrests the growth of human metastatic melanoma in vivo. The restoration of functional p53 activity provides a basis for a previously unrecognized targeted therapy for metastatic melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4730. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4730
Nephrotic Syndrome Induced by Tolmetin
Authors: Guru P. Chatterjee
Journal: JAMA (1981)

NONSTEROIDAL anti-inflammatory drugs have been reported to cause a variety of renal diseases ranging from acute renal failure to nephrotic syndrome. I have seen a patient with nephrotic syndrome associated with tolmetin sodium. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old woman with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis began therapy with 15 to 18 tablets of aspirin (5 grains each) in August 1977. She continued to have pains and stiffness and had thought of retiring at the age of 52 years. In August 1978, dosage was decreased to 12 tablets per day, and therapy with tolmetin sodium, 400 mg orally three times a day, was started, with excellent clinical results. In March 1980, she had ankle edema, and urinalysis showed proteinuria (4+) (dipstick; tetrabrom phenyl blue, confirmed with sulfosalicylic acid), many RBCs, and one to two WBCs per high-power field. Physical examination findings were unremarkable except for the ankle edema. Laboratory determinations disclosed the
PHLEBITIS FOLLOWING ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC OPERATIONS.
Authors: A. H. CORDIER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Following any surgical procedure there are many remote disasters occurring with sufficient frequency to keep the thoughtful surgeon on the lookout for these unforeseen complications for days and weeks, or until the patient's convalescence is at an end. The time of the occurrence of such complications varies from a few hours to several weeks after the operation. The change in character, from a postoperative hemorrhage to a phlebitis, begins from the second to the fifth week. Inflammation of the saphenous or femoral vein following abdominal and pelvic operations, while rare, is met sufficiently often to be of much interest to surgeons engaged in this class of surgery. I have written to a number of the leading operators in this country asking for their personal experience with this condition in their postoperative cases, and I find by the replies that their experience is about the same as my own. In discussing
Contact sensitization to fragrances in the general population: a Koch’s approach may reveal the burden of disease
Authors: J.P. Thyssen, T. Menné, A. Linneberg, J.D. Johansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Contact sensitization to fragrance mix (FM) I and Myroxylon pereirae (MP) is common among European patients with dermatitis. Recently, FM II was included in the European baseline series as an additional marker of fragrance sensitization. Objectives This literature review aims to assess the prevalence of fragrance sensitization in the general population, and to suggest how future population‐based studies and questionnaires should be constructed, better to assess the prevalence and burden of fragrance sensitization. This is of relevance as it is often difficult to establish causality in biological systems. Methods A systematic review of the literature was carried out by searching Pubmed‐Medline, Biosis and contact dermatitis textbooks. Results Nineteen studies were identified, of which 13 were performed among adults. Sample sizes varied between 82 and 2545 tested subjects, and 11 648 subjects were tested in total. The median prevalence of FM and MP sensitization among adults was 2·3% (women, 1·7%; men, 1·3%) and 1·1% (women, 1·4%; men, 0%), respectively. Conclusions Based on the reliability of patch test data from the general population and exposure data obtained from patients with dermatitis, the prevalence and burden of fragrance sensitization in the general population is significant.
Owen H. Wangensteen, MD, PhD, dead at 82
Authors: Michelle Preston
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Owen H. Wangensteen, MD, PhD, teacher, researcher, and surgeon, died of a myocardial infarction at Abbott-Northwestern Hospital in Minneapolis on Jan 13. He was 82 years old. Wangensteen was chief of surgery at the University of Minnesota Hospital for almost 40 years. Perhaps best remembered for the now-famous "Wangensteen tube" that facilitates conservative management of bowel obstruction with suction applied to an indwelling duodenal tube, he will also be remembered for his contributions in the treatment of stomach cancer. Wangensteen was born on a small farm in Lake Park, Minn, in September 1898. Because of his interest in farm animals, he aspired to become a veterinarian. However, after auditing a surgical lecture, he changed his mind. He earned all his degrees at the University of Minnesota. At age 31, Wangensteen was selected to head the Department of Surgery at the university—a position he held until he retired in 1967. Truly