tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A randomized study comparing ribavirin and interferon alfa monotherapy for hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Edward J. Gane, Su-Kong Lo, Stephen M. Riordan, Bernard C. Portmann, Johnson Y. Lau, Nikolai V. Naoumov, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection usually recurs after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and most patients develop graft damage. This study compared the efficacy of interferon alfa (IFN-α) and ribavirin monotherapies in liver transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C in the graft. Thirty OLT recipients with chronic hepatitis C were randomized to receive either IFN-α (3 MU three times a week) or ribavirin (up to 1.2 g daily) for 24 weeks. Virological, biochemical, and histological responses to treatment were assessed. Twenty-eight patients completed the treatment regimen, two ribavirin-treated patients being withdrawn because of severe hemolysis. Normalization of serum aspartate aminotransferase was achieved in 13 of 14 patients receiving ribavirin (93%) and 6 of 14 patients receiving IFN-α (43%; P = .01). Lobular inflammation was reduced in 9/14 ribavirin-treated (64%) and 3 of 14 IFN-α-treated patients (21%; P = .05), each of whom had a biochemical response. However, the total histological activity index did not improve in either the interferon ( P = .43) or the ribavirin ( P = .96) group. Posttreatment viremia levels were significantly reduced in IFN-α-treated ( P = .05) but not in ribavirin-treated ( P = .88) patients. Hemolysis occurred in all ribavirin-treated patients, with serum hemoglobin decreasing to &lt;10 g/dL in 50%. Total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts decreased significantly during ribavirin treatment ( P = .02 and P = .004, respectively). We concluded that in patients with chronic hepatitis C after OLT, IFN-α retains an antiviral effect whereas ribavirin is superior in achieving normalization of serum aspartate aminotransferase levels and reducing lobular inflammation, but not the total histological activity index. These findings provide a rationale for combination therapy in the post-OLT setting, although patients must be carefully monitored for hemolysis.
Circadian variation in deliberate self poisoning
Authors: J. R Price
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,—Roberto Manfredini and colleagues present data showing circadian variation in the incidence of deliberate self poisoning as determined by assessment of admissions to an Italian accident and emergency department.1 I am concerned, however, by their conclusion that “treatment of depressive disorders might therefore be improved by aiming for peak drug concentrations at vulnerable times.”

A large proportion of their patients would not have been …
Stage-specific control of early B cell development by the transcription factor Ikaros
Authors: Tanja A Schwickert, Hiromi Tagoh, Sinan Gültekin, Aleksandar Dakic, Elin Axelsson, Martina Minnich, Anja Ebert, Barbara Werner, Mareike Roth, Luisa Cimmino, Ross A Dickins, Johannes Zuber, Markus Jaritz, Meinrad Busslinger
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Polymorphisms in the TLR6 gene associated with the inverse association between childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and atopic disease
Authors: K G E Miedema, W J E Tissing, E M te Poele, W A Kamps, B Z Alizadeh, M Kerkhof, J C de Jongste, H A Smit, A P de Pagter, M Bierings, H M Boezen, D S Postma, E S J M de Bont, G H Koppelman
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Rationale and Design of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)
Authors: David M. Nathan, John B. Buse, Steven E. Kahn, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Mary E. Larkin, Myrlene Staten, Deborah Wexler, John M. Lachin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) threatens to become the major public health problem of this century. However, a comprehensive comparison of the long-term effects of medications to treat T2DM has not been conducted. GRADE, a pragmatic, unmasked clinical trial, aims to compare commonly used diabetes medications, when combined with metformin, on glycemia-lowering effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Brine Shrimp (<i>Artemia</i>) in China Using DNA Barcoding
Authors: Weiwei Wang, Qibin Luo, Haiyan Guo, Peter Bossier, Gilbert Van Stappen, Patrick Sorgeloos, Naihong Xin, Qishi Sun, Songnian Hu, Jun Yu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2008)

DNA barcoding is a powerful approach for characterizing species of organisms, especially those with almost identical morphological features, thereby helping to to establish phylogenetic relationships and reveal evolutionary histories. In this study, we chose a 648-bp segment of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), as a standard barcode region to establish phylogenetic relationships among brine shrimp (Artemia) species from major habitats around the world and further focused on the biodiversity of Artemia species in China, especially in the Tibetan Plateau. Samples from five major salt lakes of the Tibetan Plateau located at altitudes over 4,000 m showed clear differences from other Artemia populations in China. We also observed two consistent amino acid changes, 153A/V and 183L/F, in the COI gene between the high and low altitude species in China. Moreover, indels in the COI sequence were identified in cyst and adult samples unique to the Co Qen population from the Tibetan Plateau, demonstrating the need for additional investigations of the mitochondrial genome among Tibetan Artemia populations.
β2-Glycoprotein I/HLA class II complexes are novel autoantigens in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Kenji Tanimura, Hui Jin, Tadahiro Suenaga, Satoko Morikami, Noriko Arase, Kazuki Kishida, Kouyuki Hirayasu, Masako Kohyama, Yasuhiko Ebina, Shinsuke Yasuda, Tetsuya Horita, Kiyoshi Takasugi, Koichiro Ohmura, Ken Yamamoto, Ichiro Katayama, Takehiko Sasazuki, Lewis L. Lanier, Tatsuya Atsumi, Hideto Yamada, Hisashi Arase
Journal: Blood (2015)
Powers That Make Us Human: The Foundations of Medical Ethics
Authors: Stanley J. Reiser
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In<i>Powers That Make Us Human</i>, Kenneth Vaux has brought together perceptive authors to search for a "foundation of ethics" that could undergird medical practice. The book generates no grand design or clear foundation. Anthologies of essays written by different persons rarely can achieve complex synthetic goals. Each of the essays addresses a theme, such as reason, hope, virtue, feeling, honor, or mortality, as it applies to the problems of health and illness. In some essays, the analysis does not clarify adequately the connection between the theme and medical practice. However, two that are particularly successful deal creatively with one of the great dilemmas of medicine: increased longevity and the expanding population of elders. Leon Kass, in an essay on mortality, looks squarely at such questions as these: To what extent is longer life an unqualified good for individuals, assuming the life is healthy and vigorous? Is finitude good for
Risk for Occupational Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Associated with Clinical Exposures
Authors: David K. Henderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

To summarize the results of a 6-year, ongoing, prospective study of the risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission among health care workers, and to estimate the magnitude of the risk for HIV-1 infection associated with different types of occupational exposures.Prospective cohort study; the median follow-up for employees sustaining parenteral exposures was 30.2 months (range, 6 to 69 months).Health care workers at the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, including those reporting parenteral and nonparenteral occupational exposures to HIV-1.One thousand three hundred and forty-four clinical health care workers reported 179 percutaneous and 346 mucous membrane exposures to fluids from HIV-1-infected patients during a 6-year period. Responding to a supplementary questionnaire, 559 of these workers reported 2712 cutaneous exposures to blood from HIV-1-infected patients and more than 10,000 cutaneous exposures to blood from all patients during a 12-month period. Occupational transmission of HIV-1 occurred in a single worker after a parenteral exposure to blood from an HIV-1-infected patient. No infections occurred after either mucous membrane or cutaneous exposures to blood from HIV-1-infected patients. Use of newer diagnostic technologies (for example, antigen detection, gene amplification) has not resulted in the identification of occupationally transmitted seronegative infections.Combining our results with those of other prospective studies, the risk for HIV-1 transmission associated with a percutaneous exposure to blood from an HIV-1-infected patient is approximately 0.3% per exposure (95% CI, 0.13% to 0.70%); the risks associated with occupational mucous membrane and cutaneous exposures are likely to be substantially smaller. These data support the use of barrier precautions and suggest a need for strategies that change health care providers' attitudes and behaviors.
Angiotensin II blockade with saralasin.
Authors: G A MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involves dysregulations in <i>denovo</i> lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and fibrogenesis. Targeting these pathways holds promise for the treatment of liver disorders. Here we test the extract of a polyherbal formulation (namely Liv.52), which is approved by the Government of India’s Drug Regulatory Authority - AYUSH. The current study evaluates the effect of Liv.52 on <i>denovo</i> lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and fibrogenesis. Both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> model systems were employed to evaluate the efficacy of this polyherbal formulation. Male Wistar rats were dosed with Liv.52 for 2 weeks (250mg/k.g) and expression levels of the genes involved in <i>de novo</i> lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways were analysed by quantitative real time PCR. Liv.52 treatment resulted in increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation and decreased <i>de novo</i> lipogenesis in these rats. It also reduced hepatic stellate cell activation in CCL<sub>4</sub> treated Wistar rats as evidenced by histological evaluation. For <i>in vitro</i> experiments, HepG2 cells were cultured under lipotoxic conditions (using 200μM palmitic acid) and the conditioned media from these cells were used for inducing activation and fibrogenesis in human hepatic stellate cells (HHSteC). Treatment with lipotoxic conditioned media resulted in activation of hepatic stellate cells and fibrogenesis, as evidenced by increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and desmin (markers of stellate cell activation) and increased levels of collagen and lumican (markers of fibrogenesis). Treatment with Liv.52 reversed the up-regulation of α-SMA, collagen and lumican levels in HHSteC cells. These results indicate that Liv.52 exerts its hepatoprotective effect by improving fatty acid metabolism and fibrogenesis.
Free Clinics and Malpractice Claims-Reply
Authors: Kevin C. Kelleher
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Murphy raises a common concern and I appreciate the opportunity to address it more fully. In 17 years, the Bradley Free Clinic of the Roanoke Valley (Va) has never been sued. I believe there is a fair amount of protection in being known as an all-volunteer clinic and the goodwill it represents. Murphy's feeling that malpractice risk is higher when serving the indigent is probably unfounded. In a recent study of Medicaid patients by Mussman et al,<sup>1</sup>no increase in claims was noted. Quality assurance and working within the limits of a physician's usual expertise are just as important in the setting of a free clinic as elsewhere. Last, several states, like ours, have passed legislation (Chapter 396 of Title 54-276.12, Code of Virginia) protecting volunteer physicians from malpractice claims. This statute protects volunteer physicians at free clinics from "any civil damages for any act or
Importance of Raised Growth Hormone Levels in Mediating the Metabolic Derangements of Diabetes
Authors: Martin Press, William V. Tamborlane, Robert S. Sherwin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

To evaluate the importance of the raised levels of growth hormone that characterize poor diabetic control, we gave growth hormone for 21 to 45 hours in the form of hourly 100-μg pulses to 14 diabetics being treated by insulin pump. Insulin-pump settings and meals were kept constant. Mean 24-hour levels of growth hormone (±S.E.M.) rose from 8± 1 to 16±2 ng per milliliter — values identical to those observed in 12 other patients with poorly controlled diabetes (17±3 ng per milliliter). Plasma glucose concentrations doubled within 8 to 10 hours and remained elevated until growth hormone was discontinued (fasting glucose level rose from 86±11 to 204±17mg per deciliter at 18 hours and to 240±20 mg per deciliter at 42 hours). The hyperglycemia was due mainly to a marked stimulation of hepatic glucose production that occurred without changes in levels of free insulin or glucagon. Levels of circulating free fatty acids, ketones, and branched-chain amino acids were also increased. The moderate elevations in growth hormone levels that occur in poorly controlled diabetes can themselves reproduce the whole spectrum of abnormal metabolic fuel concentrations that are associated with poor diabetic control, despite optimized insulin treatment. Thus, hypersecretion of growth hormone may be the cause as much as the consequence of poor diabetic control. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:810–5.)
Pericardial tamponade associated with myeloid metaplasia
Authors: Glenn Bubley, Patricia Come, Don MacDougall, Robert Thurer, Joan Goldberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract A 32‐year‐old white male with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia developed pericardial tamponade shortly after elective splenectomy. Tamponade was relieved by pericardiocentesis but recurred, necessitating partial pericardiectomy. Following surgery and a course of radiation therapy to the heart, there was no further significant reaccumulation of fluid. Pathologic evaluation demonstrated foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the pericardium. To our knowledge, pericardial tamponade has not previously been reported as a biopsy‐proven complication of myeloid metaplasia.
High energy neutron treatment for pelvic cancers: study stopped because of increased mortality.
Authors: R D Errington, D Ashby, S M Gore, K R Abrams, S Myint, D E Bonnett, S W Blake, T E Saxton
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To compare high energy fast neutron treatment with conventional megavoltage x ray treatment in the management of locally advanced pelvic carcinomas (of the cervix, bladder, prostate, and rectum). DESIGN--Randomised study from February 1986; randomisation to neutron treatment or photon treatment was unstratified and in the ratio of 3 to 1 until January 1988, when randomisation was in the ratio 1 to 1 and stratified by site of tumour. SETTING--Mersey regional radiotherapy centre at Clatterbridge Hospital, Wirral. PATIENTS--151 patients with locally advanced, non-metastatic pelvic cancer (27 cervical, 69 of the bladder, seven prostatic, and 48 of the rectum). INTERVENTION--Randomisation to neutron treatment was stopped in February 1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Patient survival and causes of death in relation to the development of metastatic disease and treatment related morbidity. RESULTS--In the first phase of the trial 42 patients were randomised to neutron treatment and 14 to photon treatment, and in the second phase 48 to neutron treatment and 47 to photon treatment. The relative risk of mortality for photons compared with neutrons was 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.40 to 1.10) after adjustment for site of tumour and other important prognostic factors. Short term and long term complications were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS--The trial was stopped because of the increased mortality in patients with cancer of the cervix, bladder, or rectum treated with neutrons.
Increased Collagen IV Excretion in Diabetes
Authors: Margo P. Cohen, Gregory T. Lautenslager, Clyde W. Shearman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Increased albumin excretion in diabetes is believed to be derived from hemodynamic and/or permeability abnormalities, whereas mesangial matrix expansion gives rise to the reduction in glomerular filtration surface and decline in renal function in diabetic nephropathy. We postulated that the overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins underlying glomerulosclerosis in diabetes might be associated with the excretion of increased amounts of type IV collagen in the urine. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To explore this hypothesis, we measured the urinary excretion of (human) collagen IV by immunoassay in 65 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and various degrees of albuminuria and examined its relationship to filtration function assessed by the reciprocal of the serum creatinine (RSC). RESULTS—Collagen IV excretion showed a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.001) inverse correlation (r = −0.62) with the RSC, and this correlation pertained regardless of whether albumin excretion was in the low (≤100 μg/mg creatinine; r = −0.73) or high (&amp;gt;100 μg/mg; r = −0.53) range. In contrast, albumin excretion showed insignificant correlation with either collagen IV excretion (r = 0.12) or with the RSC (r = −0.20). Urinary collagen IV was significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in patients with an RSC value ≤100 (28.3 ± 2.4 ng/mg creatinine) than in patients with an RSC value &amp;gt;100 (16.0 ± 0.8 ng/mg creatinine). CONCLUSIONS—Because not all patients with microalbuminuria progress to declining renal function and some patients who develop nephropathy do not manifest albuminuria, the findings in this cross-sectional analysis suggest that measurement of urine collagen IV may be a useful noninvasive indicator to detect diabetic renal disease entering a phase of compromised renal function.
Pro-Osteogenic Phenotype of Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells Is Associated With Higher Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 and Enhanced Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
Authors: Xiaoping Yang, David A. Fullerton, Xin Su, Lihua Ao, Joseph C. Cleveland, Xianzhong Meng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Redundant Drug Benefits
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case of Fetal Monstrosity—Thoracopagus.
Authors: W. P. Long
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Weatherly, Va., Oct. 6, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —July 15, 1898, I was hastily summoned to the bedside of Mrs.—, a primapara, who presented the following history: She had been greatly molested by pains in the abdomen, principally during the night, for about a fortnight. During the night of July 15 she was startled by a sudden gush of liquids, which was none other than the amniotic fluid, and apprising her mother of what had happened, a messenger was sent for me. Arriving at her bedside I discovered her with a severe intermittent pain, characteristic of labor. Washing and disinfecting my hands, I proceded to make a digital examination to ascertain the cause, since the woman declared to be only six months pregnant, I found the os soft and dilatable, and a fetal foot presenting. Firmly grasping the presenting part I applied gentle traction, and presently I had what I
Comparative genomic tools and databases: providing insights into the human genome
Authors: Len A. Pennacchio, Edward M. Rubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The increasing availability of genomic sequence from multiple organisms has provided biomedical scientists with a large dataset for orthologous-sequence comparisons. The rationale for using cross-species sequence comparisons to identify biologically active regions of a genome is based on the observation that sequences that perform important functions are frequently conserved between evolutionarily distant species, distinguishing them from nonfunctional surrounding sequences. This is most readily apparent for protein-encoding sequences but also holds true for the sequences involved in the regulation of gene expression. While these observations have frequently been made retrospectively following the analysis of previously discovered genes or gene-regulatory sequences, examination of orthologous genomic sequences from several vertebrates has shown that the inverse is also true. Specifically, studying evolutionarily conserved sequences is a reliable strategy to uncover regions of the human genome with biological activity. To assist biomedical investigators in taking advantage of this new paradigm, various comparative sequence-based visualization tools and databases have been developed. Already, these new publicly accessible resources have been successfully exploited by investigators for the discovery of biomedically important new genes and sequences involved in gene regulation.
Risk of tuberculosis in patients with HIV-I and HIV-II infections in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
Authors: K M De Cock, E Gnaore, G Adjorlolo, M M Braun, M F Lafontaine, G Yesso, G Bretton, I M Coulibaly, G M Gershy-Damet, R Bretton
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the association between HIV-II infection and tuberculosis. DESIGN--Cross sectional study comparing the prevalence of HIV-I and HIV-II infections in patients with tuberculosis and in blood donors. SETTING--Abidjan, Ivory Coast, west Africa. PATIENTS--2043 consecutive ambulant patients with tuberculosis (confirmed pulmonary, presumed pulmonary, or extrapulmonary) and 2127 volunteer blood donors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Prevalence of HIV-I and HIV-II infections as assessed by presence of serum antibodies. RESULTS--Overall rates of HIV infection were 40.2% in patients with tuberculosis (26.4% positive for HIV-I, 4.7% for HIV-II, and 9.0% for both); and 10.4% in blood donors (7.2% positive for HIV-I, 1.9% for HIV-II, and 1.3% for both). HIV-II infection was significantly more common in patients with all types of tuberculosis than in blood donors (97/2043, 4.7% v 40/2127, 1.9%; odds ratio 3.8%, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 5.6). CONCLUSION--Both HIV-I and HIV-II infections are associated with tuberculosis in Abidjan. 35% of adult tuberculosis in Abidjan is attributable to HIV infection and 4% specifically to HIV-II.