tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Computer-assisted Model in Diagnosis of Drug Hypersensitivity Jaundice
Authors: R. B. Stern, J. D. Maxwell, R. P. Knill-Jones, R. P. H. Thompson, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Of 374 patients with jaundice seen in the liver unit over a four-year period 21 were finally thought to be hypersensitive to one of seven different drugs. The clinical, laboratory, and histological features were often difficult to distinguish from those of viral hepatitis, tumour of the extrahepatic biliary tree, or primary biliary cirrhosis. A computer-assisted diagnostic model made use of minor differences, and made a correct diagnosis in all patients. Even when information about drug ingestion was left out it was still correct in 81% of patients. Sixty-four other patients gave a history of ingestion of potentially hepatotoxic drugs of whom 62 were correctly diagnosed by the computer. In the complete series of 374 patients only two were incorrectly computed to have drug jaundice when there was no history of drug ingestion.Two additional patients became jaundiced after exposure to drugs, but were found to have primary biliary cirrhosis.
Defence of Dummy
Authors: B. R. Townend
Journal: BMJ (1956)

<h3>Abstract</h3> During the current COVID-19 pandemic, testing kit and RNA extraction kit availability has become a major limiting factor in the ability to determine patient disease status and accurately quantify prevalence. Current testing strategies rely on individual tests of cases matching restrictive diagnostic criteria to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA, limiting testing of asymptomatic and mild cases. Testing these individuals is one effective way to understand and reduce the spread of COVID-19. Here, we develop a pooled testing strategy to identify these low-risk individuals. Drawing on the well-studied group testing literature, modeling suggests practical changes to testing protocols which can reduce test costs and stretch a limited test kit supply. When most tests are negative, pooling reduces the total number of tests up to four-fold at 2% prevalence and eight-fold at 0.5% prevalence. At current SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, randomized group testing optimized per country could double the number of tested individuals from 1.85M to 3.7M using only 671k more tests. This strategy is well-suited to supplement testing for asymptomatic and mild cases who would otherwise go untested, and enable them to adopt behavioral changes to slow the spread of COVID-19.
Febuxostat — Treatment for Hyperuricemia and Gout?
Authors: Larry W. Moreland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Gout is a relatively common cause of legendary, severe pain as well as tophi, joint deformities, and nephropathy. Unlike most noninfectious diseases, frequently a pharmacologic "cure" for gout is attained. Shortcomings in the management of gout — due to poor patient education and compliance, substandard medical management, and drug toxicity — can perpetuate its adverse effects. The burden of gout is substantial, and recent epidemiologic studies suggest that it is increasing. This increase is probably due to risk factors related to lifestyle.1,2 Acute and chronic arthritis, tophi, and renal disease are manifestations of gout that reflect the magnitude and . . .
Orofacial Odontogenic Infections
Authors: ANTHONY W. CHOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Clinical manifestations of odontogenic orofacial infections are protean and are largely dictated by complex microbiota and anatomic routes of spread. Complications such as suppurative mediastinal or intracranial extension, retropharyngeal spread and airway obstruction, pleuropulmonary involvement, and hematogenous dissemination indicate the potentially serious nature of these infections. In this review we emphasize the pathogenetic mechanisms of infection, the principles of antimicrobial therapy, and the need for early surgical intervention.
The Significance of D-Dimer in Acute Urticaria-Angioedema at the Emergency Room
Authors: Mauro Cancian, Alessio Calabrò, Raffaele Bendo, Daniela Baldo, Stela Dako, Giulia Mormando, Riccardo Senter, Gianna Vettore, Fabrizio Fabris
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Combination Therapy with Colestipol and Psyllium Mucilloid in Patients with Hyperlipidemia
Authors: J. David Spence
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To test whether combining psyllium mucilloid with half the usual dose of colestipol reduces the adverse effects associated with colestipol and maintains or increases its efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This strategy might make bile acid sequestrants, which are seldom used because they cause adverse effects such as bloating and constipation, more tolerable and less expensive. Design: A randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, controlled trial. Setting: An outpatient clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Patients: 121 patients who had moderate primary hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol level more than 6 mmol/L and less than 8 mmol/L; triglyceride level less than 3 mmol/L) after following a low-fat diet for 1 year (National Cholesterol Education Program Step Two diet). Intervention: 5 g of cellulose placebo; 5 g of colestipol; 2.5 g of colestipol plus 2.5 g of psyllium; or 5 g of psyllium three times daily before meals for 10 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: At baseline and at weeks 4 and 10, fasting blood lipid levels and apoprotein concentrations were measured and a quality-of-life instrument was completed. Results: A combination of 2.5 g of psyllium and 2.5 g of colestipol was better tolerated than and as effective as either 5 g of colestipol alone or 5 g of psyllium alone. The combination therapy and colestipol alone did not differ significantly with respect to changes in individual lipid values. The ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) was reduced by 18.2% (95% CI, 12.3% to 24%) with the combination therapy; by 10.6% (CI, 2.0% to 15.4%) with colestipol alone; by 6.1% (CI, 1.5% to 10.6%) with psyllium alone; and by 0.1% (CI, −4.8% to 7%) with placebo (P = 0.0002). Combination therapy reduced the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL significantly more than did colestipol alone or psyllium alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that adding psyllium to half the usual dose of bile acid sequestrant resins maintains the efficacy and improves the tolerability of these resins.
A Major Role for Prostacyclin in Nitric Oxide–Induced Ocular Vasorelaxation in the Piglet
Authors: Pierre Hardy, Daniel Abran, Xin Hou, Isabelle Lahaie, Krishna G. Peri, Pierre Asselin, Daya R. Varma, Sylvain Chemtob
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —We studied the mechanisms of retinal and choroidal vasorelaxation elicited by nitric oxide (NO) using piglet eyes. The NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and diethylamine-NONOate caused comparable concentration–dependent relaxation that was partially (≈40%) attenuated by the guanylate cyclase inhibitors methylene blue and LY83583 and reduced to a lesser extent (≈25%) by the inhibitor of cGMP–dependent kinase, KT 5823. In contrast, NO-induced dilatation (by NO donors and endogenous NO after stimulation with bradykinin) was substantially (≈70%) diminished by the K Ca channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA), charybdotoxin, and iberiotoxin; by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and ibuprofen; by the prostaglandin I (PGI 2 ) synthase inhibitor trans -2-phenyl cyclopropylamine (TPC); and by the removal of endothelium; whereas relaxation of endothelium-denuded vasculature to SNP was unaltered by indomethacin, TPC, and charybdotoxin but was nearly nullified by methylene blue and the K v channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. NO donors significantly increased PGI 2 synthesis and the putative PGI 2 receptor–coupled second messenger cAMP, from ocular vasculature (retinal microvessels and choroidal perfusate), and this increase in PGI 2 formation was markedly reduced by TPC, tetraethylammonium, charybdotoxin, and/or the removal of endothelium, but it was only slightly reduced by methylene blue and LY83583. Also, SNP and K Ca channel openers NS1619 and NS004 caused an increase in PGI 2 synthesis in cultured endothelial cells, which was virtually abolished by K Ca blockers. Finally, vasorelaxation to a cGMP analogue, 8-bromo cGMP, and protein kinase G stimulant β-phenyl-1, N 2 -etheno-8-bromoguanosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate was mostly K v dependent and, in contrast to NO, largely unrelated to PGI 2 formation. In conclusion, data indicate that NO-induced ocular vasorelaxation is partly mediated by cGMP through its action on smooth muscle, and more importantly, by stimulating PGI 2 formation of endothelial origin via a mechanism mostly independent of guanylate cyclase, which involves the opening of a K Ca channel.
The Alcohol-altered Liver Membrane Antibody and Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Progression of Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Shujiro Takase, Mikihiro Tsutsumi, Hiromu Kawahara, Nobuo Takada, Akira Takada
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Progression of alcoholic liver disease is closely related to drinking habits. However, prognosis of alcoholic liver disease is not determined just by drinking habits, but also by other factors. In this study, the roles of alcohol-altered liver membrane antibody and hepatitis C virus infection were analyzed in alcoholic patients who were followed up for various lengths of time. Serial changes of liver histological appearance were analyzed in 39 patients with alcoholic liver disease who were followed for long periods (49.7 +/- 34.3 mo) and who underwent liver biopsy at least two times. Prognoses of 35 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who were followed for more than 1 yr were also evaluated. Development of cirrhosis in alcoholic liver disease was significantly higher in the alcohol-altered liver membrane antibody-positive patients than in the patients negative for this antibody. On the other hand, hepatitis C virus markers were not related to development of cirrhosis. However, hepatocellular carcinoma developed more frequently in the hepatitis C virus marker-positive patients. In patients with cirrhosis, the cumulative rates of hepatocellular carcinoma development were significantly higher in the hepatitis C virus marker-positive patients than in the marker-negative patients. Cumulative survival rates in the hepatitis C virus marker-positive patients were significantly lower than rates in the hepatitis C virus marker-negative patients, even in noncancer patients. However, such differences were not observed in the alcohol-altered liver membrane antibody-positive and alcohol-altered liver membrane antibody-negative cirrhotic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SPONTANEOUS LATE DESCENT OF THE TESTIS
Authors: CARL B. DRAKE
Journal: JAMA (1934)

While making yearly examinations during the past six years of the boys at a country day school in St. Paul I was early impressed by the relative frequency of cases of undescended testis. The boys ranged in age from 9 to 19 and out of some 260 boys examined in all (the school enrolment averaging about 140) eleven boys showed this developmental defect at some time during this period of observation. The usual method of palpation with invagination of the scrotum, the examining finger reaching the external inguinal ring, failed to locate the missing testis in any of these eleven boys. These were in my opinion cases of undescended testis. The condition was left sided in six cases, right sided in four cases and bilateral in one case. The question was raised whether the parents should be notified of a developmental defect about the existence of which most of the
Translational research in respiratory medicine
Authors: R. Farré, A. T. Dinh-Xuan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Scientific research and the development of modern powerful techniques 1 are crucial for improving patient care in a society that is increasingly demanding the highest quality health services. Indeed, effective patient care requires the continuous improvement of knowledge on the pathophysiology of the diseases, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic tools available. To this end, development of both clinical and basic research in health sciences is required. However, what is most effective in improving medical knowledge, and hence patient care, is the cross-fertilisation between basic and clinical science. This has been specifically highlighted in recent years with the coining of the term “translational research” 2. Translational research is of great importance in all medical specialties, including respiratory medicine.

To review the contribution of translational research in …
Grey-scale ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in biliary tract disease.
Authors: S R Wild, J G Cruikshank, G M Fraser, W A Copland, D C Grieve
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Fifty-one patients with suspected obstructive jaundice and 14 without jaundice in whom disease of the biliary tract was suspected but infusion cholangiography had been unhelpful were examined by grey-scale ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and the findings analysed retrospectively. Grey-scale ultrasonography distinguished between obstructive and hepatocellular jaundice in 35 out of 46 patients (76%) and indicated the site of the obstruction in 27 (58%) and the cause of the obstruction in 13 (28%). Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography distinguished between obstructive and hepatocellular jaundice in 42 of the patients (91%) and indicated the site of the obstruction in 42 (91%) and the cause in 29 (63%). In the 14 patients without jaundice percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography showed bile-duct stones in one an ampullary stenosis in three. It is concluded that grey-scale ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography are complementary examinations and that ultrasonography should always be undertaken first as it is a non-invasive procedure that may provide the surgeon with all the diagnostic information he requires. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography should be performed when grey-scale ultrasonography has shown dilated bile ducts but failed to provide adequate diagnostic information. Cholangiography is also required when preoperative percutaneous drainage of the bile duct is contemplated. In those patients in whom grey-scale ultrasonography shows non-dilated ducts endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is probably the contract examination of choice.
Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution analysis of systemically administered 17-β-estradiol and its metabolites in vivo delivered using a cationic nanoemulsion or a peptide-modified nanoemulsion system for targeting atherosclerosis
Authors: Dipti Deshpande, Sravani Kethireddy, Florence Gattacceca, Mansoor Amiji
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Cineradiographic Evaluation of Prosthetic Cardiac Valves
Authors: ALAN F. WHITE, ROBERT E. DINSMORE, MORTIMER J. BUCKLEY
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Forty-nine patients whose clinical symptoms suggested a leaking cardiac prosthetic valve were studied by both cineradiography and angiocardiography. We found a wider range of tilting motion of the nonleaking mitral valve than has been previously shown. An angle of tilt greater than 6° for the prosthetic aortic valve strongly suggests separation of the prosthesis from its bed with a paravalvular leak, while the angle of tilt suggestive of a paravalvular leak for a prosthetic mitral valve is 12°. However, a tilt of less than these values does not entirely exclude the existence of a leak. We strongly suggest that routine cineradiography be done in each patient shortly after surgery, as a basis for comparison if the patient later develops a murmur or congestive heart failure.
In psoriasis the epidermis, including the subepidermal vascular plexus, grows downwards into the dermis
Authors: M. BACHARACH-BUHLES, S.EL. GAMMAL, B. PANZ, P. ALTMEYER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

In psoriatic lesions, capillaries in the papillary bodies seem elongated and increased in number. Most researchers postulate that there is angiogenesis of intrapapillary capillaries in psoriatic plaques. In this study we will show, by means of computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions in four patients suffering from chronic plaque-type psoriasis, and in a healthy volunteer, that the elongation and increase of intrapapillary capillaries are not the result of angiogenesis. Our three-dimensional reconstructions show that the papillary body of psoriasis contains lymph capillaries besides the blood capillaries. Additionally, an inclusion of two tips of papillary bodies into one papilla at the base of the rete ridges becomes obvious. The vessels of the two tips are connected by a horizontal vessel. At the level of the horizontal connecting vessel there is the blind beginning of a lymphatic vessel. The connecting blood vessel, as well as the lymph capillary, belong to the horizontal subpapillary venous plexus but lie within the papillary body. The three-dimensional reconstructions show that by growing towards the dermis, the rete ridges include the vessels of the horizontal plexus. Surrounded by rete ridges, these vessels appear as intrapapillary capillaries.
Myotonic Dystrophy and Leukemia
Authors: Joseph F. Fraumeni
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The clinician, who finds two or more uncommon and seemingly unrelated diseases in the same person, may wonder if the concurrence is simply coincidental or has larger significance. Should one of the diseases be of unknown origin, recognition of the association may provide clues to its etiology. Thus, case reports linking certain congenial cytogenetic disorders with leukemia suggest that chromosomal defects are involved in leukemogenesis.<sup>1</sup>We recently observed chronic granulocytic leukemia developing in a patient with myotonic dystrophy, a genetically determined disease not previously described with leukemia. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 47-year-old woman was admitted to the National Cancer Institute in October 1967 with the diagnosis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Evaluation revealed massive splenomegaly, a leukocyte count of 302,000/cu mm, and bone marrow studies showing granulocytic hyperplasia and the Philadelphia chromosome. She also had far-advanced myotonic dystrophy, with characteristic facies and muscle weakness, cataracts bilaterally, and
Nuclear War-Reply
Authors: Robert Shepherd
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It would be irrational to deny that a nuclear exchange between the United States and the Soviet Union would create a public health problem of unprecedented magnitude. However, Dr Fouts should check his own level of knowledge before criticizing mine. He says that the thermal pulse from a 1-megaton blast would likely cause a firestorm. United States government research indicates that this is not the case: Since we now estimate that only about 10% of the buildings will be ignited by a nuclear detonation, one of the criteria for firestorm conditions, that at least 50% be on fire initially, is not met. In other words, present evidence suggests that the most severe nuclear fire situation will be similar to that which occurred in Hiroshima.<sub>1</sub> The postattack fire situation in Hiroshima was not a firestorm, but is described as a group fire, with an intensity of about 40
A trophic role for Wnt-Ror kinase signaling during developmental pruning in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yu Hayashi, Takaaki Hirotsu, Ryo Iwata, Eriko Kage-Nakadai, Hirofumi Kunitomo, Takeshi Ishihara, Yuichi Iino, Takeo Kubo
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Expression of Mas-related gene X2 on mast cells is upregulated in the skin of patients with severe chronic urticaria
Authors: Daisuke Fujisawa, Jun-ichi Kashiwakura, Hirohito Kita, Yusuke Kikukawa, Yasushi Fujitani, Tomomi Sasaki-Sakamoto, Kazumichi Kuroda, Satoshi Nunomura, Koremasa Hayama, Tadashi Terui, Chisei Ra, Yoshimichi Okayama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Significantly Elongated Sagging Gallbladder Can Mimic Intestine in Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy and Cause False-Positive Interpretation for Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Hua Yang, Abass Alavi, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Nonvisualization of the gallbladder in hepatobiliary scintigraphy is usually caused by cystic duct obstruction and is a reliable sign for acute cholecystitis. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is known to be more sensitive than ultrasonography for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. However, false-positive interpretation of hepatobiliary scintigraphy can occur. We present a case in which a significantly elongated drooping gallbladder mimicked bowel activity and caused false interpretation of hepatobiliary scintigraphy.
Cardiovascular Health and Disease in Women
Authors: Nanette K. Wenger, Leon Speroff, Barbara Packard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Each year approximately 2.5 million U.S. women are hospitalized for cardiovascular illness, which also claims the lives of 500,000 women annually; half these deaths are due to coronary heart disease1. Despite the magnitude of this problem and its adverse repercussions on the national public health, we have insufficient information about preventive strategies, diagnostic testing, responses to medical and surgical therapies, and other aspects of cardiovascular illness in women. This lack of information is compounded by the less frequent participation of women in research studies; the difference has been due in part to the exclusion of women of childbearing age . . .
Patients demanding access to cancer drugs call off hunger strike
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Israeli government last week brought to an end a widely publicised hunger strike by patients with advanced colon cancer by agreeing to finance an expansion of this year's “health basket” of new drugs and medical technologies. But it will use money that was due to be spent on the health basket next year.

The patients, who had been on hunger strike for 15 days, were demanding the inclusion in the health basket of cetuximab (Erbitux) and bevacizumab (Avastin), two expensive drugs for cancer that prolong life but do not cure the disease.

The government said it would allow an additional $85m (£45m; €66) expansion of the basket of new medical drugs and technologies that the …
Premenstrual tension syndrome
Authors: D. Delvin
Journal: BMJ (1979)

had no hyperacidic peptic ulceration.As regards the second patient, simply oversewing perforations leads to further surgery in 20% of cases in five years.This is extremely rarely required within two months.2The occurrence and timing of recurrence of ulceration in both cases strongly suggests that cimetidine treatment or its withdrawal was implicated.When H2-blockade of acid-secreting cells is withdrawn, it is more likely to lead to excessive sensitivity to normal stimuli than to hyperplasia.