tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of duodenal lymphangiectasia incidentally found during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: J. Kim, Y. Bak, J. Kim, S. Seol, B. Shin, H. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Although duodenal lymphangiectasia in individuals without clinical evidence of malabsorption has been reported, the prevalence and clinical significance in this situation are not yet known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of incidentally found duodenal lymphangiectasia.A retrospective review of medical records was undertaken for consecutive patients who had undergone diagnostic upper endoscopy between January 2005 and June 2006. A prospective study was then performed in consecutive individuals undergoing routine upper endoscopy for health examination between July 2006 to October 2006. Endoscopic features of duodenal lymphangiectasia were classified into three types: (1) multiple scattered pinpoint white spots; (2) diffuse prominent villi with whitish-discolored tips; and (3) focal small whitish macule or nodule. The histologic grade of duodenal lymphangiectasia was classified according to the depth and severity of lymphatic duct dilatations. Prevalence and clinical data of incidentally found duodenal lymphangiectasia were evaluated in the retrospective and prospective studies.Among 1866 retrospective cases, duodenal lymphangiectasia was endoscopically suspected in 59 cases (3.2%), and histologically confirmed in 35 cases (1.9%). No clinical evidence of malabsorption was noted in the duodenal lymphangiectasia cases. The "scattered pinpoint white spots" type was the most frequently found endoscopic feature (40.0%). Duodenal lymphangiectasia was persistent in seven of 10 individuals who underwent repeat endoscopy after a median of 12 months. Among 134 prospective cases, duodenal lymphangiectasia was histologically confirmed in 12 cases (8.9%). There was no significant clinical difference between groups with and without duodenal lymphangiectasia. Lymphatic duct dilatation was histologically more severe in the "focal small whitish macule or nodule" type than in the other types.Duodenal lymphangiectasia without clinical evidence of malabsorption is not extremely rare among cases undergoing routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Carbenicillin administration in patients with severe renal failure.
Authors: J. B. Eastwood, J. R. Curtis
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Knudsen, Rolinson, and Sutherland (1967), Jones and Lowbury (1967), and Brumfitt, Percival, and Leigh (1967) have demon- strated that the majority of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are inhibited by a carbenicillin concentration of 100 /Lg./ml.Carbenicillin is very rapidly excreted in the urine under normal circumstances, however, and Knudsen et al. (1967) have shown that in patients with normal renal function it would be necessary to administer 1 g. of carbenicillin intravenously every hour together with probenecid in order to maintain serum levels of 100 .tg./ml.The present study was undertaken to determine the dose of carbenicillin necessary to maintain serum levels of about 100 tug./ml. in patients with severe renal failure.As in the previous study (p. 484),informed consent was obtained from all of them.The opportunity was also taken to study the effect of haemo- dialysis and peritoneal dialysis on serum levels of the drug.
Metastatic Rectal Carcinoid on In-111 Octreotide SPECT-CT Imaging
Authors: Saiyyeda Rahman, Peeyush Bhargava
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 65-year-old asymptomatic male who tested positive for fecal occult blood was found to have a rectal mass on colonoscopy. Staging workup included a CT scan of the abdomen which showed a neoplasm in the liver, with neuroendocrine features on fine needle aspiration. Planar 24 hours whole body In-111 octreotide scan showed a small focus of mildly increased activity in the lateral left lower chest, a very large focus of intense uptake in the liver, and 4 distinct foci of mild to moderately increased uptake in the lower abdomen and pelvis. SPECT-CT images localized these abnormalities to: focal uptake in the rectal wall thickening, 2 presacral lymph nodes, the liver mass, and multiple bone metastases (left ilium, L5 pedicle, and the left 6th rib). This rare case highlights the importance of SPECT-CT in staging carcinoid tumors with In-111 octreotide imaging.
ABC of AIDS. Having AIDS.
Authors: T Madeley
Journal: BMJ (1987)

HAVING AIDSSix years ago last December I started to feel unwell, with fatigue, nausea, diarrhoea, and weight loss.Being homo- sexual I took myself off to my GP thinking I had hepatitis or glandular fever.He did blood tests and over six months discovered that I had a very low platelet count and recom- mended that I attend the haematology department at one of London's teaching hospitals, which I did for the next four years.
Abstract 139: MicroRNA-375 and microRNA-221: Potential noncoding RNAs associated with antiproliferative activity of benzyl isothiocyanate in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Aruna Basu, Hansjuerg Alder, Amer Khiyami, Patrick Leahy, Carlo M. Croce, Subrata Haldar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Large high-throughput studies in patients with pancreatic cancer revealed that oncogenic miR-221 is commonly upregulated microRNA whereas putative tumor suppressor miR-375 is generally down modulated when compared to adjacent benign pancreatic tissue or normal pancreas. In our laboratory, we observed that deregulated expression of miR-375 and miR-221 (as noted in pancreatic cancer patients) can be recapitulated in PDX1-Cre+; KRasG12D+ pancreatic cancer mouse model. Coherent data obtained from pancreatic cancer patient samples to preneoplastic lesions developed in preclinical mouse model tempted us to postulate that aberrant expression of these miRNAs (−375 and-221) might play significant role for the development of pancreatic cancer. Interestingly, ablation of miR-221 by ectopic expression of antagomir-221 in pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells can significantly exert antiproliferative effect with increased expression of p27kip1, a target of miR-221. To the other end, premiR-375 overexpression diminished cell proliferation with downmodulation of Insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and Caveolin-1 (CAV-1 gene), which are of particular interest because of their potential link with pancreatic cancer cell growth and diagnosis. It is quite intriguing that the levels of both CAV-1 and IGFBP5 expression were elevated when miR-375 expression wanes in KRASG12D driven PanIN lesion in compound mutant mice. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrate that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a prototypical member of the isothiocyanate (ITC) family, inhibits proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells by causing cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis. Interestingly, real time qRT-PCR analysis indicates that anticancer agent BITC can diminish oncogenic miR-221 expression and elevate the level of tumor suppressor miR-375 in pancreatic cancer cells. Besides, genetic manipulation studies revealed that enforced silencing of miR-221 or overexpression of miR-375 enhances the antiproliferative effect of BITC in pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells. Next we explored the efficacy of BITC to interfere with the development of mouse PanIN lesions. Results indicate that pancreata of BITC administered compound mutant mice exhibit reduced level of IGFBP5 protein. Histopathological analysis of the extent of PanINs as well as studies on the magnitude of expression of miR-221/miR-375 and other molecular mediators in these pancreata are in progress. Explicitly, our investigation might provide new insight into nonconventional microRNA replacement therapy against pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 139. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-139
Adenyl Cyclase and Myocardial Contractility
Authors: Stephen E. Epstein, C. Lynn Skelton, Gerald S. Levey, Mark Entman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The activity of many hormones can be related to their capacity to increase adenyl cyclase activity in their target organs. Evidence that the augmentation of myocardial contractility produced by catecholamines is mediated by adenyl cyclase activation is summarized. Glucagon and thyroid hormone also enhance myocardial adenyl cyclase activity, findings compatible with the hypothesis that activation of this enzyme may also be responsible for the increased contractility produced by glucagon and associated with hyperthyroidism. The inotropic action of epinephrine and glucagon may be due to an increase in sarcotubular calcium stores, an effect that appears to be related to activation of an adenyl cyclase in the microsomal fraction. Chronic cardiac decompensation did not alter the capacity of norepinephrine to enhance contractility or activate adenyl cyclase, but it markedly impaired the capacity of glucagon to elicit these responses. Thus, glucagon may have limited value in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure.
Presence of Macroalbuminuria Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jae-Seung Yun, Sun-Hye Ko, Sun-Hee Ko, Ki-Ho Song, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kun-Ho Yoon, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We investigated the factors that might influence the development of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.From January 2000 to December 2002, patients with type 2 diabetes aged 25-75 years without chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) were consecutively recruited (n = 1,217) and followed-up in January 2011 and May 2012. Severe hypoglycemia (SH) was defined as an event requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer glucose, hospitalization, or medical care in an emergency department. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to test the association between SH episodes and potential explanatory variables.After a median 10.4 years of follow-up, 111 (12.6%) patients experienced 140 episodes of SH, and the incidence was 1.55 per 100 patient-years. Mean age and duration of diabetes were 55.3 ± 9.8 and 9.8 ± 6.5 years, respectively. The incidence of SH events was higher in older patients (P < 0.001), in those with a longer duration of diabetes (P < 0.001), in those who used insulin (P < 0.001) and sulfonylurea (P = 0.003), and in those who had macroalbuminuria (P < 0.001) at baseline. Cox hazard regression analysis revealed that SH was associated with longer duration of diabetes and the presence of macroalbuminuria (normoalbuminuria versus macroalbuminuria: hazard ratio, 2.52; 95% CI 1.31-4.84; P = 0.006).The development of SH was independently associated with duration of diabetes and presence of macroalbuminuria, even with normal renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
PD09-01: Target-Based Therapeutic Matching in Early-Phase Clinical Trials in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer and PIK3CA Mutations.
Authors: F Janku, SL Moulder, JJ Wheler, V Stepanek, GS Falchook, A Naing, DS Hong, S Fu, SA Piha-Paul, R Luthra, AM Tsimberidou, R Kurzrock
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Therapeutic matching based on underlying molecular abnormalities showed promising results in early-phase clinical trials. PIK3CA mutations may predict response to therapies with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors. Methods: Tumors from patients with breast cancer referred to the Clinical Center for Targeted Therapy (Phase I Program) were analyzed for PIK3CA mutations. Patients with PIK3CA mutations were treated, whenever feasible, with agents targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Results: Of 54 patients analyzed, 15 (28%) had PIK3CA mutations. PIK3CA mutations were found in 5/9 (56%) metaplastic, 3/8 (38%) HER2−positive, 7/29 (24%) hormone receptor-positive, and 0/8 (0%) triple negative (excluding metaplastic) breast cancers (P=0.07). Of the 15 patients with PIK3CA mutations, 12 (80%) were treated in clinical trials containing a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor (median age, 54; median number of prior therapies, 3). Of these 12 patients, 3 (25%, 95% CI 0.09−0.53) had stable disease for more than 6 months (SD≥6 months; n=1) or a partial response (PR; n=2). Breast cancer patients without PIK3CA mutations treated on the same protocols had a rate of SD≥6 months/PR of 8% (1/12; 95% CI 0.01−0.35, p=0.6). Of the 4 patients with a H1047R mutation treated with agents targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, 3 (75%) had SD≥6 months (n=1) or a PR (n=2) compared to 0 of 8 patients (0%) with other PIK3CA mutations (P=0.045). Patients with H1047R mutations had a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 8.5 months compared to 2 months in patients with other PIK3CA mutations (p=0.13). Conclusion: Heavily pretreated patients with PIK3CA-mutant advanced breast cancer had a SD≥6 months/PR rate of 25% on protocols incorporating PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Patients with mutation H1047R had significantly longer SD≥6 months/PR rate compared to those with other PIK3CA mutations. Our observations suggest that screening for PIK3CA mutations is warranted in larger numbers of patients with advanced breast cancer when treatment with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors is planned. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD09-01.
Prognostic Factors in Stage T1 Grade 3 Bladder Cancer Survival: The Role of G1–S Modulators (p53, p21Waf1, p27kip1, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin D3) and Proliferation Index (ki67-MIB1)
Authors: A. Lopez-Beltran, R.J. Luque, J. Alvarez-Kindelan, A. Quintero, F. Merlo, J.C. Carrasco, M.J. Requena, R. Montironi
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Promoter hypermethylation of the anti-fibrotic gene socs-3 by TGF as novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of SSc
Authors: C. Dees, A. Akhmetshina, N. Busch, A. Horn, J. Gusinde, A. Junge, S. Gay, O. Distler, G. Schett, J. H W Distler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Tissue fibrosis caused by a pathological activation of systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts is a major hallmark of SSc. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)is a major mediator of fibrosis and has been identified as key-player in the pathogenesis of SSc. Alterations in DNA methylation and subsequent changes in gene transcription have been implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether TGFβ induces DNA methylation.

The methylation status of suppressor of cytokine …
Bone Loss in Menopausal Women
Authors: Kenneth R. Phelps
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 May 1992Bone Loss in Menopausal WomenKenneth R. Phelps, MDKenneth R. Phelps, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-9-775_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Dawson-Hughes and colleagues (1) found comparable increases in lumbar vertebral density from June-July through December-January (period 1) in women who received either placebo or vitamin D. Bone density declined during the other half-year (period 2) in both treatment groups, but it declined less in the vitamin D-treated women. At 1 year, there was a net improvement in subjects given vitamin D and no change in those given placebo. These investigators imply, in their title and text, that "bone loss" was forestalled by vitamin D supplementation during period 2.I suspect that boneper sewas neither gained...Reference1. Dawson-HughesDallalKrallHarrisSokollFalconer BGESLG. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on wintertime and overall bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:505-12. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Dawson-HughesDallalKrallHarrisSokollFalconer BGESLG. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on wintertime and overall bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:505-12. LinkGoogle Scholar2. AaronGallagherNordin JJB. Seasonal variation of histological osteomalacia in femoral-neck fractures. Lancet. 1974;1:84-5. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albany Medical College Albany, NY 12208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1992Volume 116, Issue 9Page: 775-775KeywordsBoneBone densityBone resorptionVitamin D Issue Published: 1 May 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
International Comparison of the Prevalence of Psychosomatic Disorders in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: R.A. Ramsay, A.J. Krakowski, Z. Rydzynski, M. Jarosz, F. Engelsmann, J. Ananth
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

An epidemiological survey was carried out in Montreal (Canada), Plattsburgh (USA) and Lodz (Poland) to test the hypothesis that certain psychosomatic disorders show a low lifetime prevalence in schizophrenic patients (total n = 665). The same method for collection and evaluation of demographic and clinical data was used in order to establish the lifetime prevalence of peptic ulcer (PU), bronchial asthma (BA), neurodermatitis (ND) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the patients as well as in their nuclear families. Low values of lifetime prevalence were found in schizophrenic patients in chronic hospitals as compared with those in general-university hospitals. Similarities were found in age- and sex-related patterns of these psychosomatic disorders in both samples. However, PU showed higher prevalence, and BA, ND and RA showed lower prevalence in the Polish sample.
25. Development and Characterization of Viral Vectors with High Specificity for Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Katie M. White, Hildergard Buening, Lorraine M. Work, Michael Hallek, Stuart A. Nicklin, Andrew H. Baker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Targeted delivery of biological agents selective for atherosclerotic plaques may provide a useful tool for treatment and/or imaging of atherosclerosis. However, there are no naturally occurring viral vectors which are suitable for this. The commonly used gene transfer vectors adenovirus 5 (Ad5) and adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) have a broad tropism and inefficiently transduce vascular cells following systemic administration. Therefore there is a requirement for the development of vectors with a high specificity for atherosclerotic tissue. By insertion of atherosclerotic plaque targeting peptides into the viral capsids it may be possible to create retargeted plaque-specific vectors. Previously, phage display in ApoE-/- mice identified several peptides that selectively bind to atherosclerotic plaques 1. We therefore engineered 3 peptides [CAPGPSPSKC, CNHRYMQMC (thought to bind a putative TIMP2 receptor (1)) and CQEPTRLKC] into the capsid of both Ad5 and AAV2 (CQE in Ad only). Modified viruses expressing the LacZ reporter gene were produced and their targeting capacity was then tested in vitro. Transduction of human, murine and rat endothelial cells with peptide-modified Ads was between 2 and 20 fold higher than controls (p 0.1). CNH-modified AAV transduction of murine endothelial cell lines was between 10 and 100 fold higher than controls (p<0.05) and transduction was mediated through a proteasome-insensitive pathway, suggesting that the peptide insertion alters both the receptor and trafficking pathway of the virus. In addition, the CNH-modified Ad and AAV vectors both transduced cells expressing the putative CNH receptor, membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) significantly higher than control cells.
Salvage of JAMA Covers
Authors: S. W. Berkheiser
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It has seemed a regretful waste of the beautiful color reproductions on covers ofThe Journalwhen the journal is bound and the cover discarded. These covers can be salvaged and made into decorative wall plaques. The technique is relatively simple. <h3>Method.—</h3> The cover is trimmed to appropriate margins, preserving the legend if needed, and mounted with ordinary white glue on a block of scrap wood, usually one-half inch thick. The cover is then sprayed with either glossy varnish, or with a matte finish varnish for an antique effect. Three to four coats of varnish are sufficient. A false frame is easily constructed by using one of the acrylic polymer preparations available at most artist supply stores. Hyplar Modeling Paste ( Grumbacher) was found most adaptable. The first thin coat of modeling paste is applied with a palette knife around the margin of the cover and allowed to
Mortality After Prison Release: Opioid Overdose and Other Causes of Death, Risk Factors, and Time Trends From 1999 to 2009
Authors: Ingrid A. Binswanger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Among former prisoners, a high rate of death has been documented in the early postrelease period, particularly from drug-related causes. Little is known about risk factors and trends in postrelease mortality in the past decade, especially given general population increases in overdose deaths from pharmaceutical opioids.To determine postrelease mortality between 1999 and 2009; cause-specific mortality rates; and whether sex, calendar year, and custody factors were risk factors for all-cause, overdose, and opioid-related deaths.Cohort study.Prison system of the Washington State Department of Corrections.76 208 persons released from prison.Identities were linked probabilistically to the National Death Index to identify deaths and causes of death, and mortality rates were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the effect of age, sex, race or ethnicity, whether the incarceration resulted from a violation of terms of the person's community supervision, length of incarceration, release type, and calendar year on the hazard ratio (HR) for death.The all-cause mortality rate was 737 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 708 to 766) (n = 2462 deaths). Opioids were involved in 14.8% of all deaths. Overdose was the leading cause of death (167 per 100 000 person-years [CI, 153 to 181]), and overdose deaths in former prisoners accounted for 8.3% of the overdose deaths among persons aged 15 to 84 years in Washington from 2000 to 2009. Women were at increased risk for overdose (HR, 1.38 [CI, 1.12 to 1.69]) and opioid-related deaths (HR, 1.39 [CI, 1.09 to 1.79]).The study was done in only 1 state.Innovation is needed to reduce the risk for overdose among former prisoners.National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
<i><i>Candida albicans</i></i>and<i><i>Enterococcus faecalis</i></i>in the gut
Authors: Danielle A Garsin, Michael C Lorenz
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

The fungus Candida albicans and the gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis are both normal residents of the human gut microbiome and cause opportunistic disseminated infections in immunocompromised individuals. Using a nematode infection model, we recently showed that co-infection resulted in less pathology and less mortality than infection with either species alone and this was partly explained by an interkingdom signaling event in which a bacterial-derived product inhibits hyphal morphogenesis of C. albicans. In this addendum we discuss these findings in the contest of other described bacterial-fungal interactions and recent data suggesting a potentially synergistic relationship between these two species in the mouse gut as well. We suggest that E. faecalis and C. albicans promote a mutually beneficial association with the host, in effect choosing a commensal lifestyle over a pathogenic one.
Maternal Prenatal Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations and Child Mental, Psychomotor, and Behavioral Development at 3 Years of Age
Authors: Robin M. Whyatt, Xinhua Liu, Virginia A. Rauh, Antonia M. Calafat, Allan C. Just, Lori Hoepner, Diurka Diaz, James Quinn, Jennifer Adibi, Frederica P. Perera, Pam Factor-Litvak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Research suggests that prenatal phthalate exposures affect child executive function and behavior.