tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Medicine, vols 1 &amp; 2
Authors: Thomas F. Heston
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serial OX40 Engagement on CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells and Natural Killer T Cells Causes Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Triya Damayanti, Toshiaki Kikuchi, Jamal Zaini, Hisayoshi Daito, Masahiko Kanehira, Kazuyoshi Kohu, Naoto Ishii, Masanobu Satake, Kazuo Sugamura, Toshihiro Nukiwa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: OX40–OX40 ligand (OX40L) interactions have been proposed to support induction of allergic airway inflammation, which may be attributable to OX40 signaling in CD4+ helper T cells for adaptive immune responses. However, a possible involvement of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the pathogenesis suggests that the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated.Objectives: We aimed to characterize the OX40-modulated cellular contribution to allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM) allergen exposure.Methods: Mice were sensitized to HDM and, 3 weeks later, challenged with HDM on three consecutive days through the airways. Two days after the last exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and blood samples and lung tissues were evaluated for the airway inflammation.Measurements and Main Results: The development of HDM-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation was dependent on OX40 of both CD4+ T cells and NKT cells; OX40 engagement on CD4+ T cells in the sensitization led to pulmonary OX40L augmentation after the allergen challenge, which stimulated pulmonary NKT cells through OX40 to provide the pathogenic cytokine milieu. This was ablated by OX40L blockade by inhalation of the neutralizing antibody during the challenge, suggesting the therapeutic potential of targeting pulmonary OX40–OX40L interactions. Moreover, OX40 expression in CD4+ T cells, but not in NKT cells, was reciprocally regulated by the helper T cell type 1–skewing transcription factor Runx3.Conclusions: OX40 on not only CD4+ T cells but also NKT cells is involved in allergic airway inflammation. Notably, pulmonary blockade of OX40 ligation on NKT cells has therapeutic implications.
Soft Verge (near Coleshill)
Authors: Jane O. Wayne
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Government launches plan to overhaul social care services
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The UK government is planning to establish a network of new posts, to be known as local directors of adult services, to bring together the health, social, community, and voluntary sectors to improve adults' social care.

The directors will be charged with setting up teams of professionals from the different services to produce and deliver a joint strategy for care. The proposals, which are contained in a government green paper that …
Blood glucose concentrations and progression of diabetic retinopathy: Authors' reply
Authors: O Brinchmann-Hansen, L Sandvik, K. F Hanssen, K. Dahl-Jorgensen
Journal: BMJ (1992)

overlap with the groupings of HbAI concentration at seven years.At three months into the study patients with strict diabetic control showed a worsening of retinopathy relative to those receiving more casual treatment.2At two years strict control seemed to be of benefit,' but the small difference had disappeared at 3 5 years.4The present report at seven years is claimed to argue for a benefit of strict control (as judged by HbA1 concentration), but the results are clearly equivocal and do not answer the question of whether a strict insulin regimen (which carries its own risks5) is ofbenefit.
Feasibility of opportunistic disease prevention: Doctors' responsibilities should not be reduced
Authors: N. C Stott
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–Getz et al doubt the justification for opportunistic disease prevention in primary care because the expanded agenda of risk and prevention since 1979 seems too daunting.1 This is not logical. The correct course is good science and sound professional discipline in the interests of patient wellbeing.

A lot of relevant …
Thoracoscopic extracardiac obliteration of the left atrial appendage for stroke risk reduction in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Joseph L Blackshear, W.Dudley Johnson, John A Odell, Vickie S Baker, Mary Howard, Lesly Pearce, Christopher Stone, Douglas L Packer, Hartzell V Schaff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Another doctor should investigate all hospital deaths
Authors: Kinesh Patel
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I’m going to get stick for saying this, but here goes. Surgeons are better at dealing with death than physicians, no matter how counterintuitive this generalisation might seem given the stereotypes involved.⇑

When a patient dies in hospital we physicians deal with the family sympathetically, express our sorrow, and move on. There’s always another patient to see, another long letter to dictate.

Our surgical colleagues, however, take a different approach. They too express sympathy and sadness, but they also tend to take the death more personally. “Why did this happen?” …
Significance of H. influenzae in Bronchiectasis of Children
Authors: E. C. Allibone, P. R. Allison, K. Zinnemann
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Shortly after her out-patient attendance on January 7, 1956 (five months after starting carbimazole), she first noticed a few spots on her chest, but unfortunately did not bother to report them; on January 18 a definite rash appeared on her arms and legs, and bruises developed at the right elbow, wrist, and ankle, and on both thighs.She then stopped drug therapy, but she still did not report until her routine out-patient appointment on January 21, when she was admitted at once.On admission her temperature was 99°F. (37.2°C.), and she had marked pallor of the skin and mucous membranes.A purpuric rash was present, mainly around the suprasternal notch, the nipples, the dorsal aspect of both elbows, and on both hands.Haematomata were present, as mentioned earlier, and below the right lower eyelid, while petechiae were present in the mouth and right conjunctiva.The fundi were clear.The Hess test was strongly positive with grossly prolonged bleeding and clotting times.There were no other abnormal clinical findings.Table II shows the blood picture on admission and thereafter.Sternal puncture on January 24 showed an
CHRONIC DIARRHEA ASSOCIATED WITH ACHYLIA GASTRICA.
Authors: ALLEN A. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Among the causes of diarrhea the different conditions of the stomach that give rise to abnormal intestinal fermentation and irritation are of the utmost importance. For many years a form of diarrhea termed lienteric has been described as being characterized by evacuation of the bowels immediately following each meal, the stools containing considerable undigested food. Sometimes more than one movement follows a meal. The explanation given for this a few years ago was that the food was hurried through the gastro-intestinal tract with such velocity that there was no time allowed for its digestion. While such an explanation is in part true it does not cover the phenomenon properly, nor satisfactorily account for the hurried peristalsis. It was advanced by some that the food eaten for dinner, for instance, was partly passed from the rectum immediately after that meal. It may be readily understood how this hypothesis was necessary to
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE TONGUE
Authors: J. R. Gillespie
Journal: BMJ (1930)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a periodic febrile disorder, characterised by fever and serositis. The acute phase response during attacks of FMF results from the release of cytokines, which in turn induce increased expression and changed glycosylation of acute phase proteins. A recent study indicated that attacks in FMF are accompanied by a rise of plasma concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) and C reactive protein (CRP), which remain significantly raised during remission relative to healthy controls. Another study suggested that obligatory heterozygotes also display an inflammatory acute phase response. <h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To determine the state of inflammation in homozygotic and heterozygotic MEFV genotypes. <h3>METHODS</h3> CRP and SAA were studied by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The glycosylation of the acute phase protein, α<sub>1</sub>-acid glycoprotein (AGP), was visualised with crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoresis with concanavalin A as diantennary glycan-specific component and Aleuria aurantia lectin as fucose-specific affinity component. <h3>RESULTS</h3> FMF attacks were associated with an increase (p&lt;0.05) in the serum inflammation parameters CRP, SAA, and AGP. The glycosylation of AGP showed an increase (p&lt;0.05) in fucosylated AGP glycoforms, whereas the branching of the glycans remained unaffected. The glycosylation of AGP in the MEFV carrier group, compared with that in a healthy control group, was characterised by a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in branching of the glycans, whereas the fucosylation remained unaffected. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The findings suggest an FMF-specific release of cytokines, resulting in a different glycosylation of AGP between a homozygotic and heterozygotic MEFV genotype.
Hyperglycemia and Stroke Mortality
Authors: Marjukka Hyvärinen, Qing Qiao, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Tiina Laatikainen, Robert J. Heine, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, K. George M.M. Alberti, Kalevi Pyörälä, Björn Zethelius, Birgitta Stegmayr
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—We investigated stroke mortality in individuals in different categories of glycemia and compared hazard ratios (HRs) corresponding to a 1-SD increase in 2-h plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We examined data from 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests taken from 13 European cohorts comprising 11,844 (55%) men and 9,862 (45%) women who were followed up for a median of 10.5 years. A multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate HRs for stroke mortality. RESULTS—In men and women without a prior history of diabetes, multivariate adjusted HRs for stroke mortality corresponding to a 1-SD increase in FPG were 1.02 (95% CI 0.83–1.25) and 1.52 (1.22–1.88) and those in 2-h plasma glucose 1.21 (1.06–1.38) and 1.31 (1.06–1.61), respectively. Addition of 2-h plasma glucose to the model with FPG significantly improved prediction of stroke mortality in men (χ2 = 10.12; P = 0.001) but not in women (χ2 = 0.01; P = 0.94), whereas addition of FPG to 2-h plasma glucose improved stroke mortality in women (χ2 = 4.08; P = 0.04) but not in men (χ2 = 3.29; P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes defined by either FPG or 2-h plasma glucose increases the risk of stroke mortality. In individuals without a history of diabetes, elevated 2-h postchallenge glucose is a better predictor than elevated fasting glucose in men, whereas the latter is better than the former in women.
Modulation of Cell Cycle Progression in Human Tumors: A Pharmacokinetic and Tumor Molecular Pharmacodynamic Study of Cisplatin Plus the Chk1 Inhibitor UCN-01 (NSC 638850)
Authors: Raymond P. Perez, Lionel D. Lewis, Andrew P. Beelen, Anthony J. Olszanski, Nicholas Johnston, C. Harker Rhodes, Bernard Beaulieu, Marc S. Ernstoff, Alan Eastman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

UCN-01, a Chk1 inhibitor, abrogates S and G(2) arrest and enhances cancer cell killing by DNA-damaging drugs in preclinical models. UCN-01 avidly binds alpha1-acid glycoprotein in plasma; whether sufficient drug concentrations are achieved in human tumors is unknown. A phase I trial tested the hypothesis that UCN-01 abrogates cisplatin-induced cell cycle arrest (in tumors) at tolerable doses.Patients with advanced cancer received i.v. cisplatin, followed 22 hours later by UCN-01 (3-day continuous i.v. infusion of a 28-day cycle). Platinum was measured by atomic absorption, UCN-01 by high-performance liquid chromatography, and cell cycle progression in tumor biopsies by geminin immunostaining (biomarker for S/G(2) phases of cell cycle).The first two patients treated with cisplatin (20 mg/m(2) plus UCN-01 45 mg/m(2)/d) experienced dose-limiting toxicities (subarachnoid hemorrhage, hyperglycemia, hypoxia, cardiac ischemia, and atrial fibrillation). Following 25% UCN-01 dose reduction, no toxicities greater than grade 2 were seen. Median plasma UCN-01 half-life (T(1/2)) was 405 hours. Salivary UCN-01 concentrations showed a rapid initial decline (median T(1/2alpha), 29.9 hours), followed by a terminal decay parallel to that in plasma. UCN-01 pharmacokinetics, and the timing of clinical toxicities, suggests that UCN-01 is bioavailable despite alpha1-acid glycoprotein binding. Marked suppression of cells in S/G(2) in tumor biopsies was seen by geminin immunohistochemistry, suggesting that UCN-01 is bioavailable at concentrations sufficient to inhibit Chk1.Cisplatin (30 mg/m(2)), followed 22 hours later by UCN-01 (34 mg/m(2)/d for 3 days), is well tolerated clinically and yields UCN-01 concentrations sufficient to affect cell cycle progression in tumors.
Preventive and therapeutic effects of rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, on food allergy in mice
Authors: K. Yamaki, S. Yoshino
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Because few curative treatments are available for food allergy, we investigated the therapeutic potential of rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin (m TOR ) inhibitor, on mouse food allergy. Methods The preventive and therapeutic effects of oral rapamycin on anaphylactic symptoms induced by oral ovalbumin ( OVA ) challenge in food allergy mice were investigated. Mast cell functions in response to rapamycin were also measured in the passive systemic anaphylaxis model and bone marrow–derived mast cells ( BMMC s). Results Daily rapamycin from the first challenge (preventive protocol) attenuated food allergy symptoms including diarrhea, anaphylactic reactions, and hypothermia in mice. The treatment decreased the challenge‐induced increases in mouse mast cell protease‐1 in serum and mast cell numbers in the intestine. Notably, the mice that already showed food allergy symptoms by previous challenges recovered from the disease with daily administration of rapamycin (therapeutic protocol). Anti‐ OVA I g G 1 and I g E levels in serum, as well as IFN ‐γ, IL ‐4, IL ‐13, IL ‐9, IL ‐10, and IL ‐17 secretion from splenocytes, were decreased by the treatments. In contrast, a single dose of rapamycin failed to affect passive systemic anaphylaxis. Spontaneous and IL ‐9‐dependent survival and I g E ‐induced IL ‐13 secretion, but not degranulation, of BMMC s were reduced by rapamycin. Conclusion Our data show that mouse food allergy was attenuated by rapamycin through an immunosuppressive effect and inhibition of intestinal mast cell hyperplasia. Inhibition of the IL ‐9 production–mast cell survival axis is one of the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of rapamycin. Rapamycin and other m TOR inhibitors might be good candidates for therapeutic drugs for food allergy.
US pharmacists cleared to buy in cheap drugs from Canada
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The US Senate has approved a proposal that would allow licensed pharmacists and drug wholesalers to import prescription drugs from Canada that are already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Canadian prices for many drugs range from 25% to 80% lower than those set for the same drugs by the US Congress and the manufacturers. Some US citizens already travel to Canada to buy the drugs or use the internet to import them. But this proposal is designed to make it easier for them to get access to the drugs.

Writing …
Nature and mediators of renal lesions in kidney transplant patients given cyclosporine for more than one year
Authors: Ariela Benigni, Isabella Bruzzi, Marilena Mister, Nadia Azzollini, Flavio Gaspari, Norberto Perico, Eliana Gotti, Tullio Bertani, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Diagnostic Fiberoptic Gastroscopy
Authors: Henry Colcher
Journal: JAMA (1974)

RECENT developments in fiberoptic technology have revolutionized the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy. The endoscopist now can examine in great detail the entire length of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, and parts of the small intestine. Gastric lesions can be visualized and photographed.<sup>58</sup>Biopsy and cytologic specimens can be obtained under direct vision.<sup>59-62</sup> The diameter of the gastroscope is only 10 to 11 mm. Sophisticated manipulative systems permit the examiner to direct the distal tip of the gastroscope to specific areas of interest and perform a thorough investigation. External illumination from powerful sources of light and an integral bundle to carry the light into the stomach provide adequate illumination for still photography, cinegastroscopy, and television.<sup>63</sup>Magnetic tape recording for instantaneous replay and simultaneous examination by two observers via a teaching attachment serve to train new endoscopists. Review of these tapes and other photographic documents is useful for self-teaching.
Mental illness in people who kill strangers: longitudinal study and national clinical survey
Authors: Jenny Shaw, Tim Amos, Isabelle M Hunt, Sandra Flynn, Pauline Turnbull, Navneet Kapur, Louis Appleby
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Abstract Objectives To establish changes over time in the frequency of homicides committed by strangers, and to describe the personal and clinical characteristics of perpetrators of stranger homicides. Design Longitudinal study and national clinical survey. Participants People convicted of homicide in England and Wales between 1996 and 1999 and whether the victim was known to the perpetrator. Setting England and Wales. Main outcome measure Characteristics of perpetrators of homicides according to whether victims were strangers or not. Results Stranger homicides increased between 1967 and 1997, both in number and as a proportion of all homicides. No increase was found, however, in the number of perpetrators placed under a hospital order after homicide, whether all homicides or stranger homicides only. 358 of 1594 (22%) homicides were stranger homicides. In these cases the perpetrator was more likely to be male and young. The method of killing was more likely to be by hitting, kicking, or pushing (36% (130 of 358) for victims who were strangers to the perpetrator compared with 14% (145 of 1074) for victims who were known). Perpetrators were less likely to have a history of mental disorder (34%, n = 80 ν 50%, n = 142), a history of contact with mental health services (16%, 37 of 234 ν 24%, 200 of 824), and psychiatric symptoms at the time of the offence (6%, n = 14 ν 18%, n = 143). They were more likely to have a history of drug misuse (47%, n = 93 ν 37%, n = 272); alcohol (56%, n = 94 ν 41%, n = 285) or drugs (24% n = 44 ν 12%, n = 86) were more likely to have contributed to the offence. Conclusions Stranger homicides have increased, but the increase is not the result of homicides by mentally ill people and therefore the “care in the community” policy. Stranger homicides are more likely to be related to alcohol or drug misuse by young men.
Acute Renal Failure Caused by Hypersensitivity to Polymyxin B Sulfate
Authors: Gregory J. Beirne
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A patient had reversible acute renal failure associated with polymyxin B sulfate therapy. Unusual cells in the urinary sediment, renal glycosuria, and eosinophilia during the oliguric stage were interesting clinical features. A renal biopsy performed early in the course of acute renal failure revealed severe tubular damage as well as an acute diffuse interstitial nephritis. The clinical and histological findings suggested that there were two pathogenetic mechanisms producing the symptoms. One was the specific toxic effects of polymyxin B on the renal tubular cells. The other was a hypersensitivity reaction to polymyxin B manifested by a diffuse interstitial nephritis.
The Metabolism of Dimethoxyphenethylamine, A Compound Found in the Urine of Schizophrenics
Authors: JACK W. SCHWEITZER, ARNOLD J. FRIEDHOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

DMPEA was injected into test rats to determine the pathways of its metabolism and to identify the resultant metabolites and their effects. The substance was absorbed into the liver, spleen, lungs, heart, and brain (minute amounts), and the course of its metabolism and the behavior of its metabolites were followed successfully. By administering the substance and its metabolites to test groups of schizophrenics and normal subjects, it may be possible to determine whether any block in the metabolism of this substance exists in schizophrenic patients.
Clinical Lecture on a Case of Acute Rheumatism, with Headsymptoms and High Temperature, Successfully Treated with Baths
Authors: H. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1872)

GENTLEMEN,-It has long been a familiar fact to all who are conversant with the history of acute rheumatism, that now and then, in a few rare and sparse examples, the malady proves fatal by an unexpected outbreak of overpowering nerve-symptoms.You will find ample illus- trations of this in the works of those who wrote before the days of thermometry.It has been reserved for a later age, and, indeed, for the writers of the last five years, among whom Dr. Ringer stands fore- most, to make the discovery that head-symptoms are complicated with hyperpyrexia in many rapidly fatal attacks of rheumatic fever.There can be no sort of question that the two sets of cases are essentially the same, and only differ in the commentaries given and the hypotheses ad- vanced by the pathologists of past and present epochs.In older times it was all metastasis, meningitis, and the like processes; now it is all