tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Amyl Nitrite in Aortic Valvular and Muscular Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: E. W. HANCOCK, W. C. FOWKES
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The effects of amyl nitrite inhalation were observed in 12 patients with aortic valve stenosis and five patients with muscular subaortic stenosis during left heart catheterization. In aortic valve stenosis the left ventricular systolic pressure always fell, although less than the brachial arterial pressure, and the transaortic systolic pressure gradient rose by an average of 25% due to the increase in left ventricular ejection rate. In muscular subaortic stenosis, the left ventricular pressure always remained the same or rose despite a marked fall in brachial arterial pressure, and the average increase in transaortic systolic pressure gradient was more than fourfold. This effect was associated with a significant increase in the degree of outflow tract obstruction. The increase in outflow tract obstruction is thought to be due to a decrease in left ventricular volume, causing the hypertrophied walls of the left ventricle to become more closely apposed. We believe that inhalation of amyl nitrite is superior to infusion of isoproterenol as a provocative test for muscular subaortic stenosis during cardiac catheterization and is probably the most potent stimulus available for this purpose.
Medical Compared with Surgical Treatment of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Thomas Brott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

The Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) results suggest that carotid endarterectomy combined with aspirin and risk factor reduction is superior to aspirin and risk factor reduction alone in preventing ipsilateral stroke in asymptomatic patients with diameter stenosis of the carotid artery of 60% or more. The absolute risk reduction over 5 years conferred by surgical therapy is modest (5.9%) compared with the risk reduction conferred by surgical therapy for symptomatic carotid disease but compares favorably with the degree of stroke prevention shown for antihy-pertensive therapy in the elderly. For prevention of stroke in women and for prevention of major stroke, the ACAS results favoring surgery did not reach statistical significance. The combined arteriographic and perioperative surgery-related mortality and stroke rates achieved by the carefully selected surgical teams was low (2.3%). Accordingly, carotid endarterectomy can be recommended for preventing stroke in the setting of hemodynamically significant stenosis when the arteriographic and surgical complication rates can be kept low.
Happenings at a Medical School in the Late Sixties
Authors: Roger O. Egeberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Indiana's Senator James Watson told me when I was 11 years old that I could grow up to be president of the United States because my father was an immigrant and I was born here. But nobody ever told me I could be dean of a medical school. So I was amazed and honored when Dr Norman Topping, president of the University of Southern California, offered me that position in 1964. I was from the other side of the tracks. I had gone up the clinical ladder, from clinical instructor of medicine to clinical professor, but had never been part of academia. I was going to have to learn, on the job, the delicate difference between administering to a medical faculty's needs and a similar responsibility in a large teaching hospital. I found that generically there was none. But the students were a surprise. I found school-oriented activists urging changes
Use of mouse anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies in postexposure treatment of rabies.
Authors: C L Schumacher, B Dietzschold, H C Ertl, H S Niu, C E Rupprecht, H Koprowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Immunization of mice and hamsters with a cocktail of mouse MAbs specific for rabies virus nucleocapsid protein and glycoprotein protected animals not only when challenged with a lethal dose of rabies virus after immunization, but also in post-exposure situations. Hamsters treated with the MAb cocktail 3 h after virus inoculation were completely protected from lethal rabies virus infection, and 80% of the animals survived when the MAb cocktail was given 36 h after virus challenge. The potential usefulness of this MAb cocktail for the postexposure treatment of human rabies is discussed.
“Double loop” learning
Authors: Ed Peile
Journal: BMJ (2004)

As well as sympathising with the patient, many respondents to this case commentary found themselves engaging in the difficulties faced by the general practitioner.1 Donald Schon, in Educating the Reflective Practitioner , described a “swampy lowland” wherein lie the problems of greatest human concern and where “messy, confusing problems defy technical solution.”2 Schon contrasts beautifully the technical and rational approaches of the theoretical high ground with the reflective approaches we often need in professional practice.

In interactive …
Defeating Rotavirus? The Global Recommendation for Rotavirus Vaccination
Authors: Margaret H Danchin, Julie E Bines
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

This past April, the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization announced a global recommendation that rotavirus vaccines be included in national immunization programs. The basis for the decision is clear: more than 2 million children younger than 5 years of age are hospitalized each year because of rotavirus gastroenteritis, and more than half a million of them die. The introduction of rotavirus vaccines into national immunization programs in the United States, Europe, Latin America, and Australia has already caused a significant decline in hospitalizations and emergency department visits for rotavirus disease.1 The onset and . . .
Why targeted therapy hasn’t worked in advanced cancer
Authors: Jack L. Arbiser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

In this issue of the JCI, Nissen et al. report that a reciprocal interaction exists between the growth factors FGF2 and PDGF-BB, causing tumors to exhibit increased angiogenesis and metastatic potential (see the related article beginning on page 2766). Both FGF2 and PDGF-BB signal through tyrosine kinase receptors, which have been the target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for cancer therapies. These inhibitors are usually small molecules that inhibit the kinase activity of a receptor or nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, preventing downstream signaling. The results of this study shed light on why tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been useful for the treatment of only a small number of advanced cancers. Currently, a major focus of pharmaceutical companies is to develop ever more potent and specific tyrosine kinases. The results presented here suggest that this approach may not be successful.
TABLE OF ANALYSIS OF ONE HUNDRED CASES OF CEPHALALGIA
Authors: E. H. Sieveking
Journal: BMJ (1855)

Sex and age.main symptoms.Violent headache several years, attributed to ringworm being "drove in"; ringing in ears, otorrhoa, catan.scanty, debility; eyes do not protrude.Cephal. 2 months; strange fancies, pain chiefly in eyes and forehead, falls if stoops, palljitation, catam.reg., no morbid sounds of heart,
Abstract 2114: Trypanosoma brucei: A model to evaluate joint contribution of BRCA2 and PARP in DNA damage repair
Authors: Rachel Cooper, Smita Misra, Minu Chaudhuri, Gautam Chaudhuri
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The DNA repair protein BRCA2, initially discovered as a tumor suppressor for familial breast cancer cases, is now found to play critical role in the biology of many eukaryotes. The extracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei significantly relies on its BRCA2 protein for stress management as well as surviving from host humoral immunity during its mammalian stage of its complex digenetic life cycle. An interesting aspect of BRCA2 deficiency in cancer cells is that these cells are ultra-sensitive to the inhibitors of the chromatin modifying enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In the absence of PARP, spontaneous single-strand breaks collapse replication forks and trigger homologous recombination for repair. Thus, PARP activity is essential in homologous recombination-deficient BRCA2-mutant cancer cells. BRCA2 and PARP are not only expressed in the mammalian cells but also present in high levels in many other eukaryotic cells including the parasitic protozoan T. brucei. To evaluate the universality of the importance of these two proteins in the management of DNA damage, we determined the effect of PARP inhibitors such as 3-AB, Veliparib, PF-01367338, Olaparib and Iniparib in BRCA2 knocked down T. brucei cells treated with the DNA damaging agent cisplatin. Our in vitro data strongly suggest that a combination of a BRCA2 inhibitor (e.g. BRCA2 BRC peptide), a PARP inhibitor and a DNA damaging agent (e.g. cisplatin) will be a chemical regimen for the management of trypanosomiasis and similar protozoan infections. Supported by NIH grants 2SC1GM081146-05 to MC, 1U54RR026140-01 to SM and NIH grants R01AI042327, R21AI076757 to GC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2114. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2114
Abstract 5560: Biomarker Discovery and Pathway Mapping using Differential Phosphoprofiling of PI3K-Pathway Inhibitors: PRAS40 Correlates with AKT Activation, but not PTEN Expression in Lung and Breast Cancer
Authors: Cloud P. Paweletz, Jannik Andersen, Sriram Sathyanarayanan, Alessandra Di Bacco, An Chi, Theresa Zhang, Chen Albert, Igor Feldman, Manfred Kraus, Bethany Lynch, John Rush, Peter Blume-Jensen, Ronald C. Hendrickson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Protein phosphorylation plays a key role in cell signaling and pathophysiological alterations in protein kinases and phosphatases contribute to human diseases. We used stable isotope labeling by amino acids (SILAC) in cell culture combined with phospho-antibody based enrichment for quantitative mass-spectrometry-based identification of differentially phosphorylated proteins in response to small-molecule PI3K-pathway inhibition. We quantified over 500 non-redundant serine/threonine phosphopeptides (NSTPs) containing either the AKT-, MAPK-substrate, or PDK1-docking motif. Of these NSTPs, 71 phosphoproteins were modulated by inhibitors targeting either AKT, PDK1 or PI3K/mTOR and a common set of 11 were modulated by all three drugs. Bioinformatics analysis of the regulated phosphoproteins identified core components of the canonical PI3K pathway and showed enrichment in adaptor and scaffolding molecules involved in cell polarity (PAK4), cytoskeletal reorganization (Filamin, Stathmin, Dynamin) vesicle transport (LARP1, VPS13D, SLC20A1), protein translation (S6RP and PRAS40), and transcription (EIF4BP-1). These results have guided the rational selection of antibodies for biomarker and patient stratification assays and a newly developed phosphor-specific antibody against PRAS40T246 shows specificity for oncogenic PI3K-pathway activation in PTEN-deficient mouse prostate tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the phospho-PRAS40T246 biomarker was evaluated across a panel of 67 breast and 96 lung cancer cell lines and in triple negative human breast tumor tissue. In these datasets, phopspho-PRAS40T246 positively correlates with phospho-AKTS473, but not PTEN protein expression. As such, we have positioned PRAS40T246 as a clinically relevant biomarker for the identification of PI3K-pathway activated tumors to enable individualized cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5560.
OXYGEN AND EVEREST
Authors: L. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1932)

MR. ODELL'S remarks,1 regarding Dr. Argyll Campbell's experiments, which were designed to test the power of acclimatisation of animals to low oxygen pressure, are not quite accurate. These experiments were undertaken to supply information that was wanting, and to endeavour to explain the adverse symptoms recorded in the official reports of the Everest expeditions. The animals were exposed to gradual decrease of oxygen pressure such as occurs in climbing. They showed all the well-known signs of so-called acclimatisation, for example, increase of red blood cells, increased depth of breathing, etc. Some of the experiments, unlike the expeditions, did not stop at a pressure equivalent to 28,000 ft. but went on to one near 30,000 ft. Some of the animals were exposed to 7–7½ per cent of an atmosphere of oxygen for eight days continuously, and recovered completely when put under normal oxygen pressure again. In spite of heroic efforts, no man has been exposed to so low a pressure for even one day, and Dr. Campbell's animals hold the record for toleration of low oxygen pressure by mammals.
Clinical and Neurocognitive Aspects of Source Monitoring Errors in Schizophrenia
Authors: Sophia Vinogradov, Jason Willis-Shore, John H. Poole, Emily Marten, Beth A. Ober, Gregory K. Shenaut
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Source monitoring, an aspect of memory that involves judgments about the origin of information, has been found to be more prone to errors in schizophrenic subjects than in normal persons. To examine the precise nature of such errors and their relationship to clinical and neurocognitive variables, the authors compared schizophrenic and normal subjects.Schizophrenic subjects who had been medication free for 1 week (N = 26) and demographically matched normal subjects (N = 21) performed a source monitoring task and were assessed on current psychiatric symptoms, IQ, and frontal lobe functioning.The schizophrenic subjects had normal recognition memory of target words (recognition hits) and a normal generation effect but made more errors than the comparison subjects in identifying the source of target words. Specifically, the schizophrenic subjects made more errors in remembering the source of new and self-generated items, and they tended to attribute items to an external source. In 11 retested subjects, these errors were stable and independent from medication status after a 2-year interval. Secondary analyses suggested that certain source monitoring errors may be associated with hostility and lower IQ. When the effect of IQ was controlled, correlations with frontal dysfunction were not significant.Schizophrenic subjects make significantly more source monitoring errors than normal subjects, but not because of problems with recognition memory hits or with the generation effect. This tendency may be trait like and may be related to hostility. Lower IQ in schizophrenia plays a partial role in these errors, but frontal dysfunction does not.
The Healing Presence of Art: A History of Western Art in Hospitals
Authors: Christopher Hamlin
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Contribution to the Statistics of Stone Operations
Authors: J. Prochnov
Journal: BMJ (1888)

swelling beyond a little puffiness of the tissues of the scalp over and around the seat of fracture.In the course of a few days the child became bright and lively, the deviation of the eyeballs and the ptosis disappeared.and on January 8tlh he was discharged from the hospital apparently quite well, no swelling being per- ceptible in the region of the fracture, the depression of which was still evident.Four days later, on January 12th, the child was brought to my out-patient room, when I saw him for the flrst time, and on ex- amining the head a distinct swelling was apparent immediately over the seat of fracture.The swelling was oval in shape, about two inches in length, one inch and a quarter in breadth, and slightly constricted at its middle, its long axis running I)arallel with, thie direction of the fracture; it was raised about three- (qiarters of an inch above the level of the surrounding surface, and was soft and fluctuating; it exhibited distinct pulsation szynichronous with that felt at the anterior fontanelle, was partially relucible on pressure, and became fuller an(I more tense when the chiild cried; the skin covering it presented a normal appearance.The fracture could be felt beyond the anterior and posterior margins of the tumour, and, after partially emptying the latter by external pressure, the depression of the bone beneath could also be distinguished.The child, thouglh somewhat dull and drowsy, presented no other symptoms.The only treatment adopted con- sisted in applying moderate pressure over the tumour by means of a pad of lint and bandage.January 19th.The swelling was somewhat diminished in size, and the pulsation less distinct.
PTU-005 Circulating levels of neopterin are associated with adverse outcomes following paracetamol-induced acute liver injury
Authors: D G Craig, P Lee, A Pryde, P C Hayes, K J Simpson
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Macrophage activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure following paracetamol overdose (POD). Simple biomarkers of macrophage activation could aid earlier identification of high-risk POD patients. Neopterin is synthesised from macrophages and monocytes upon stimulation by interferon-γ and serum levels reflect the intensity of monocyte/macrophage activation. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive patients (n=33, (15 (45.5%) male) admitted to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh with paracetamol-induced acute liver injury (ALT&gt;1000 IU/l and coagulopathy) were enrolled. Serum neopterin levels were measured by ELISA (IBL International, Hamburg, Germany). <h3>Results</h3> A total of 24/33 (72.7%) PODs developed hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and therefore acute liver failure. Neopterin levels were significantly higher in PODs (median 66.0 (IQR 25.4–96.6) nmol/l) compared with both chronic liver disease (10.8 (6.7–12.1) nmol/l, n=7, p&lt;0.001) and healthy (11.4 (9.4–15.7) nmol/l, n=10, p&lt;0.001) controls, but were similar to non-POD acute liver injury patients (52.5 (42.0–113.8) nmol/l, n=8, p&gt;0.05). Admission neopterin levels were significantly higher in PODs who developed HE (HE, 72.9 (59.5–116.7) nmol/l, n=24; no HE, 20.7 (17.5–22.1) nmol/l, n=9, p&lt;0.0001) or the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS, 79.1 (66.7–116.7) nmol/l, n=20; no SIRS, 21.6 (18.6–43.1) nmol/l, n=13, p&lt;0.0001), and in PODs who died/required emergency liver transplantation (OLT 72.9 (68.1–119.2) nmol/l, n=14; survived 30.3 (20.7–89.1) nmol/l, n=29, p=0.006; AUROC 78.6% (95% CI 62.2% to 94.9%). An admission neopterin value of 50 nmol/l predicted death/OLT with a sensitivity of 100.0 (95% CI 76.8 to 100.0) and specificity of 63.2 (95% CI 38.4 to 83.7). Admission neopterin levels in PODs correlated with: serum creatinine (Spearman9s r=0.847, p&lt;0.0001); prothrombin time (r=0.439, p=0.011); platelet count (r=−0.463, p=0.007); IL-6 (r=0.650, p=0.0001); IL-10 (r=0.529, p=0.004); serum ferritin (r=0.467, p=0.006); and with organ failure scores (SOFA, r=0.725, p&lt;0.0001; APACHE II, r=0.659, p&lt;0.0001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Serum neopterin levels are significantly elevated following POD and are correlated with adverse outcomes. Serum neopterin may have value as an early marker of prognosis in ALF and should be assessed further with larger prospective cohorts of ALF patients. The correlation of serum neopterin with adverse outcomes provides further support for the importance of macrophage activation in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure in ALF. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Anabolic Effects of Nandrolone Decanoate in Patients Receiving Dialysis
Authors: Kirsten L. Johansen, Kathleen Mulligan, Morris Schambelan
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Patients receiving dialysis commonly experience malnutrition, reduced muscle mass (sarcopenia), and fatigue for which no effective treatment has been identified. Anabolic steroids are known to increase muscle mass and strength in healthy individuals, but their effect on the sarcopenia and fatigue associated with long-term dialysis has not been evaluated.To assess the effects of an anabolic steroid, nandrolone decanoate, on lean body mass (LBM), functional status, and quality of life in dialysis patients.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between April 1996 and July 1997.Hospital-based outpatient dialysis unit.Twenty-nine patients undergoing dialysis for at least 3 months.Nandrolone decanoate, 100 mg (n = 14), or placebo (n = 15) by intramuscular injection once a week for 6 months.Weight, LBM, fatigue, grip strength, walking and stair-climbing times, and treadmill performance after 3 and 6 months of treatment.Lean body mass increased significantly in patients given nandrolone compared with patients given placebo (mean change [SD], +4.5 [2.3] kg; P<.001 compared with baseline). This effect was significantly greater than the change in LBM in the placebo group (mean change [SD], +1.9 [1.6] kg; P = .003 compared with baseline; P = .005 compared with nandrolone group). Serum creatinine levels increased in the nandrolone group (+168 [203] mmol/L [1.9 [2.3] mg/dL]; P = .02) but not in the placebo group (-4.0 [177] mmol/L [0.04 [2.0] mg/dL]; P = .95), suggesting an increase in muscle mass. Time to complete the walking and stair-climbing test decreased from 36.5 to 32.7 seconds in the nandrolone group, while those in the placebo group increased from 38.7 to 42.1 seconds (P = .05). Peak oxygen consumption increased in the individuals in the nandrolone group who performed treadmill tests, but not to a statistically significant degree. Grip strength did not change in either group.Treatment with nandrolone for 6 months resulted in a significant increase in LBM associated with functional improvement in patients undergoing dialysis.
INVASIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHIC AND REVASCULARIZATION RATES AFTER NON-INVASIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Fleur Rianne de Graaf, Joanne D. Schuijf, Stephanie M. de Boer, Jacob M. van Werkhoven, Joëlla E. van Velzen, Lucia J. Kroft, Albert de Roos, J. Wouter Jukema, Martin J. Schalij, Ernst E. van der Wall, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)