tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene with ulcerative colitis in Northern European Caucasians
Authors: M J Carter
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND AIMS</h3> An association between the allele 2 of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene variable number tandem repeats polymorphism in intron 2 and ulcerative colitis was first reported in 1994. Subsequent studies in Caucasian Northern European patients have not confirmed this, although trends towards an association were observed. The lack of statistical significance could reflect inadequate power. In this study the association was reassessed in a large independent set of well characterised Caucasian patients and a meta-analysis of reported patient series was performed. <h3>PATIENTS AND METHODS</h3> A total of 320 patients with endoscopically and histologically confirmed ulcerative colitis (124 pancolitis, 196 left sided and distal disease) and 827 ethnically matched controls were genotyped at polymorphic sites in the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene. Carriage rates were compared using χ<sup>2</sup> statistics. A meta-analysis of this and seven previous studies in North European Caucasian patients was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel χ<sup>2</sup> test. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Patients had a significantly increased carriage rate of allele 2 compared with controls (52% <i>v</i> 45%; odds ratio 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.7); p=0.04). The allele 2 carriage rate was highest in extensive colitis (carriage rate 56%; odds ratio 1.5 (95% CI 1.1–2.3) p=0.02) and in individuals who had undergone colectomy (carriage rate 55%; odds ratio 1.5 (95% CI 0.95–2.4); p=0.08). Meta-analysis of all eight studies showed a significant association between carriage of allele 2 and ulcerative colitis (odds ratio 1.23 (95% CI 1.04–1.45); p=0.01). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The association of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism with ulcerative colitis is confirmed. The association is minor and confers only a small risk to an individual but will contribute a high attributable risk in a population due to the high allelic frequency. Accurate phenotypic characterisation defines more homogeneous subsets of patients, such as those with extensive disease, in whom the association is greater.
It Pays to Stick Your Neck Out: Fifty Hours for the Poor
Authors: Laurence Bodine
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor. —  Sometimes, it pays to stick your neck out. Last December, JAMA and the ABA Journal , each with an editorial entitled Fifty Hours for the Poor 1,2 called on America's physicians and lawyers to devote at least 50 hours of professional time without charge to the poor.  The editorial stirred things up quite a bit in both professions. The ABA Journal received many letters, some praising, others criticizing. JAMA 's editor, George Lundberg, MD, and I appeared on a radio talk show and we fielded a great many phone calls from the press and media across the country.  The American Bar Association (ABA) has a long tradition of supporting pro bono work by lawyers. The ABA has a large budget and many staff working to help deliver legal services to the poor, but there was no policy on how much pro bono work a lawyer should do.
Stimulation of Hair Growth by Topical Application of Androgens
Authors: Christopher M. Papa
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our previous study of senile skin showed the capacity of topical, but not systemic, testosterone propionate to stimulate hair growth in the axilla and on the forearm. As an extension of this finding, androgen creams were applied to the scalps of 21 bald men. Approximately 75% of the group showed some stimulation of hair growth, as indicated by longer, thicker, more pigmented hairs in the bald area. Within five months of treatment approximately 10% to 15% of the follicles were stimulated to produce terminal type hairs. The probability of regrowth is dependent neither on the duration of the baldness nor on the age of the subject. The enhanced growth is not thought to be an expression of the hormonal activity of testosterone, which in predisposed subjects is a prerequisite for common baldness, but rather a pharmacological local effect on the synthetic activities of the underlying connective tissue. These results indicate the possibility of effective prophylaxis against common baldness; however, indiscriminate use of topical testosterone for its treatment, at this stage, is unjustifiable.
The Health of Pilots, and Others — G.M.C. Inquiry — Strange Times
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE prolonged inquiry into the cause of the crash of the BEA Trident aircraft as it took off from London Airport last June received daily cover in all the news media.1 There was much discussion about the value of the whole exercise, especially since there seemed to have been a preoccupation among many of those participating in the inquiry to apportion blame rather than to help determine the precise cause of the accident. The final report has not yet been published, but in the summing up of the evidence for BEA, it was suggested that the captain of the aircraft . . .
Management of Gout
Authors: Harry F. Klinefelter
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article "Management of Gout" (242:361, 1979) inThe Journal, little mention is made of the importance of colchicine in preventing attacks of gout. Most rheumatologists believe that patients who have gout should receive colchicine indefinitely to prevent attacks. In discussing the use of intravenous colchicine in treating acute attacks, the authors state that 2 mg is used, whereas 3 mg intravenously should be used (Wallace SL: The treatment of gout.<i>Arthritis Rheum</i>15:317-323, 1972). The authors do state that "prophylactic therapy with low-dose oral colchicine, 0.6 mg twice per day, may be helpful in any patient with a history of gout." There is no question that it is helpful and should be continued indefinitely. There are practically no patients who cannot tolerate low-dose colchicine therapy. The authors mention that the precipitation of acute gouty arthritis is the most common side effect of allopurinol therapy. This
Review: Relation between beat interval and force of the heartbeat and its clinical implications
Authors: W A SEED, J M WALKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Review: Relation between beat interval and force of the heartbeat and its clinical implications Get access W A SEED, W A SEED **From the Department of Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J M WALKER J M WALKER ‡ †From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JohnRadcliffe Hospital, Oxford ‡Present address: Cardiac Department, University College Hospital, London NW1. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 5, May 1988, Pages 303–314, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.5.303 Published: 01 May 1988 Article history Received: 27 July 1987 Accepted: 14 December 1987 Published: 01 May 1988
Creeping Eruption in New England
Authors: Charles U. Lowe, Donald L. Augustine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

ONE of the cases of creeping eruption reported below was attributed to the dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, and was actually acquired in Boston. Although frequent enough in tropical and subtropical countries, this infection has been reported only once before in New England, in a patient who became ill in Florida.1 The clinic to which the patient in Case 1 reported would probably have been confounded by his skin lesion had he not brought with him a note from a physician in Louisiana who had made the proper diagnosis. The patient in Case 2 had previously suffered from creeping eruption, and . . .
Impotence in diabetic and non-diabetic hospital outpatients.
Authors: P D Semple, G H Beastall, R Hume
Journal: BMJ (1980)

norphine 3 ,tg and fentanyl 1 t±g/kg body weight peroperatively with minimal intra- venous induction agents and halogenated vapours.Postoperatively I give papaveretum 10-20 mg intramuscularly as soon as full consciousness returns but before severe pain is felt.3Occasionally severe spasms of pain require injection of orphenadrine.4This technique provides analgesia comparable, as assessed by hourly pain scores, with continuous infusion.There was no detectable depression of respiration measured by counting, by Wright's respirometer, or by random blood gas samples.
Handbook of Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Eugene L. Nagel
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This work represents a collection of articles given during the 15th Annual Symposium on Acute Medicine held by the University of Southern California. The authors include many persons important in the development and current practice of intensive care and acute care medicine. Several chapters are short, and the titles may promise more than is delivered. Examples of the latter might include "Techniques on Monitoring Intracranial Pressure." The chapter on "Total Parenteral Nutrition in the Critically Ill" presents an excellent review of this important subject. Almost all of the material is repeated from the various author's original work, with little that can be considered new or original. However, the extensive list of references will allow those who are so motivated to pursue these topics in greater depth. Finally, the addition of pertinent questions at the end of the book follows the current format for teaching instruments in the field of medicine.
A Controlled Study of Factors in the Successful Adjustment of Mental Patients to Nursing Homes
Authors: BERNARD A. STOTSKY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Successful adjustment of former state hospital patients to nursing homes is determined to a greater degree by psychiatric status and initial adjustment during the period immediately following placement than by social and physical characteristics of nursing homes, staff attitudes toward the mentally ill, caseworker follow-up, the patient's social background, or clinical picture in the hospital.
Ephedrine Therapy in Asthmatic Children
Authors: David G. Tinkelman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Sixteen asthmatic children between the ages of 7 and 13 years, 13 of whom were receiving theophylline orally around-the-clock, were studied for eight weeks in double-blind manner to evaluate efficacy, toxicity, and development of tolerance to the combination of ephedrine sulfate and theophylline. Reactions to the drug combination, assessed by close observation and daily patient questioning by the nursing staff, showed no toxicity or substantial side effects. Pulmonary function was measured hourly for six hours after each morning dose, and the data were analyzed to determine the degree and duration of bronchodilator response. Comparison of data from weeks 1 and 8 showed no evidence of the development of tolerance. Ephedrine is a potent bronchodilator that, in appropriate doses, can be administered safely along with therapeutic doses of theophylline without fear of progressive tolerance or toxicity.
Sclerosing Peritonitis during Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Colin Church, Brian Junor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Figure 1. A 45-year-old man who was receiving long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for renal failure presented with a two-month history of colicky abdominal pain, weight loss, and vomiting. The dialysis fluid contained standard levels of sodium (132 mmol per liter), magnesium (0.25 mmol per liter), chloride (95 mmol per liter), and lactate (40 mmol per liter) and a low level of calcium (1.25 mmol per liter). A plain abdominal film showed the typical findings of sclerosing peritonitis: diffuse calcification of the peritoneum (arrow in Panel A) and small-bowel dilatation. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed both peritoneal and mesenteric . . .
Dieffenbachia Poisoning: A Clarification
Authors: Richard W. Pohl
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> During the past few years, several communications with regard to the toxicity of<i>Dieffenbachia</i>plants have appeared inThe Journal<sup>1-3</sup>and in the popular press (Time Magazine). The communications by Drach and Maloney<sup>2</sup>and Dore<sup>3</sup>have implied that the toxicity of plants of this genus is caused by soluble or insoluble oxalates or by "glycosides." Rizzini and Occhioni<sup>4</sup>showed that the toxicity resided in the centrifugate of the juice of the stem (not leaves), and not in the supernatant fluid. Therefore, no soluble compounds are concerned. The filtered juice of<i>Dieffenbachia</i>stems contains no detectable amounts of oxalates. The juice is nearly neutral (pH above 6.5) and could not contain appreciable amounts of free oxalic acid. The author was not able to detect crystals of calcium oxalate either macroscopically or microscopically in the juice after addition of solutions of calcium nitrate or calcium
Current Surgical Management, III: A Book of Alternative Viewpoints on Controversial Surgical Problems
Authors: Leo M. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The publication of a third volume in the series of<i>Current Surgical Management</i>is evidence that its precursors have fulfilled a need and have found acceptance. The new issue follows the same, rather unique, plan of the others, presenting conflicting viewpoints on controversial surgical problems. Although the editors introduce each topic with a brief discussion, they do not show their own preferences or pass judgment on the merits of either side. The exponents of the divergent views are equally prominent and authoritative surgeons whose works have exhibited a genuine interest in the subjects discussed. A comparison of the material covered in the three successive issues of<i>Current Surgical Management</i>indicates that many of the problems are still controversial, although there is often a shift of emphasis from one phase to another, as accumulating experiences lead toward a consensus. It is also evident that new discoveries evoke a choice of treatment
Prednisone increases PGH-synthase 2 in atopic humans in vivo.
Authors: R T Dworski, C D Funk, J A Oates, J R Sheller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We compared the expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2, cyclooxygenase) message and protein in alveolar macrophages (AM) and blood monocytes (BM) from 20 atopic subjects (AS) and nine control subjects (CS) at baseline and after 1 to 14 d of oral administration of therapeutic doses of prednisone. At baseline, the amounts of PGHS-2 mRNA in AM and BM varied within a similar range among subjects from each group. PGHS-2 protein was present in AM and BM from most AS, but it was also present in CS. In AS, PGHS-2 mRNA and protein significantly increased after prednisone administration, whereas in CS PGHS-2 message and protein remained undetectable or, if present at baseline, was decreased after prednisone. Ex vivo both atopic and normal monocytes and macrophages exhibited the expected decrease in stimulated PGHS-2 mRNA with glucocorticoids. PGHS-1 expression was not altered by prednisone in either group. The differential regulation of the inducible PGHS isoform by prednisone may be mediated by effects on cytokine production in AS.
Natural history of familial dilated cardiomyopathy: the heart muscle disease registry of trieste
Authors: Andrea Di Lenarda, Elisa Carniel, Gastone Sabbadini, Mauro Driussi, Serena Rakar, Cinzia Di Chiara, Cristiana Zanchi, Gianfranco Sinagra, Luisa Mestroni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Self-incompatibility systems as bioassays for mutagens
Authors: David L. Mulcahy, Claire M. Johnson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Many flowering plants are unable to set seeds with their own pollen because a system known as gametophytic self-incompatibility is operating. The basis of this system is a single multiallelic locus S, and if the S allele carried by a pollen grain matches one of the two S alleles carried in the style, as it is certain to do upon self-pollination, then pollen tube growth is inhibited. Should one of the self-pollen grains carry a mutated S allele, however, it would not match either of those carried in the style and would therefore, not be inhibited. Gametophytic self-incompatibility thus provides a mechanism for discriminating between such mutant and nonmutant pollen grains. Knowing the numbers of pollen grains available to the stigma, and also the numbers of seeds produced, it becomes possible to estimate the frequency with which mutations occur at the S locus. Assay systems of mutagenesis which employ gametophytic self incompatibility will allow very large numbers of pollen grains to be screened for S allele mutants, which should indicate the mutagenicity of the environment. These systems have the added benefit that screening is done by the stylar tissues, rather than technicians. Finally, they may be used to construct largely autonomous assay systems which would provide continuous monitoring of the environment.
Objective assessments of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in young children
Authors: B. L. K. Chawes, E. Kreiner‐Møller, H. Bisgaard
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis are common childhood disorders.To study nasal eosinophilia and nasal airway patency in young children with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis to assess the pathology behind such diagnoses.We investigated 255 children at six years of age from the Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood birth cohort assessing rhinitis history, specific immunoglobulin E relevant to rhinitis symptoms, nasal eosinophilia and nasal airway patency by acoustic rhinometry before and after decongestion. Associations were studied in a multivariate graphical model corrected for gender, height and nasal steroid usage.Allergic rhinitis was significantly and directly associated with irreversible nasal airway obstruction (reduced decongested nasal airway patency) (P = 0.004), whereas nonallergic rhinitis was not. Both allergic rhinitis (P = 0.000) and nonallergic rhinitis (P = 0.014) were directly and significantly associated with nasal eosinophilia, but this association was stronger for allergic rhinitis.Allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis are of different pathologies as suggested from their different associations not only to allergy but importantly also to irreversible nasal airway obstruction and eosinophilic inflammation. Allergic rhinitis was significantly associated with nasal eosinophilia and irreversible nasal airway obstruction suggesting chronic inflammation and structural remodeling of the nasal mucosa in children at the age of 6 years. Nonallergic rhinitis exhibited no change in the nasal airway patency, but some nasal mucosal eosinophilia albeit less than children with allergic rhinitis.
INTRACORONARY LIPID BURDEN AT BIFURCATIONS: RESULTS FROM THE COLOR REGISTRY
Authors: Jacob Townsend, Daniel H. Steinberg, Christopher D. Nielsen, Thomas M. Todoran, Peter L. Zwerner, Christopher P. McCarty, William J. McManus, J. Darrell Sneed, Chetan P. Patel, Robert A. Leonardi, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Kendrick A. Shunk, James A. Goldstein, Morton J. Kern, Brijeshwar Maini, Eric R. Powers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
John Dickson Dow
Authors: Hugh Saxton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

John Dickson Dow, one of the pioneers of vascular and cardiac radiology in Britain in the mid-20th century, died on 1 November 2007. His whole career showed the drive and determination which led him into medicine and which underlay his wartime decoration.

John was born in Glasgow in 1916. He had a happy early childhood but his father died when he was 7. His mother ran a dairy and bakery to support the family, and he was able to go to Hutcheson’s Grammar School. He wanted to go into medicine, but his mother thought a career …
Congenital Abnormalities in a Vermont County
Authors: Richard Wulf, Thomas C. Gibson, Roger J. Meyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE importance of congenital abnormalities, in terms of both the number of people affected and the relative lack of information concerning the etiology of these problems, has initiated many studies to determine incidence and pathogenesis. So far, effective primary preventive measures have rarely been indicated by the results of such studies. This failure has been partly offset by the recent development of new surgical and metabolic aids, which now allow many children with handicaps to function independently. Prompt and complete detection of abnormalities can therefore be of real value to both the community and the individual.The early discovery of . . .
Bone metabolism in advanced cholestatic liver disease: Analysis by bone histomorphometry
Authors: Maureen M. J. Guichelaar, Michael Malinchoc, Jean Sibonga, Bart L. Clarke, Eileen J. Hay
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Despite the clinical importance of cholestatic osteopenia, little is known about its pathophysiologic mechanism. By tetracycline-labeled histomorphometric analysis of bone biopsies taken at the time of liver transplantation, we prospectively evaluated bone resorption and formation in 50 consecutive patients with advanced primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Histomorphometric analysis confirmed low bone volume parameters, consistent with the mean T-score of the lumbar spine of −1.9 by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dynamic (bone formation rates, adjusted apposition rates) and static (osteoid markers, osteoblast number) parameters of bone formation were decreased in cholestatic patients with no abnormalities in mineralization. Increased osteoclast numbers and increased eroded surface areas suggested increased bone resorption, and this was supported in female patients by increased trabecular separation and decreased trabecular number. Male cholestatic patients, however, did not have significant increases in resorption parameters, although they were as osteopenic as female patients and had low bone formation markers. Bone histomorphometric changes were similar in PBC and PSC, suggesting an etiologic effect of chronic cholestasis rather than the individual diseases. Cancellous bone volume and osteoid markers correlated with bone mineral density measurements but no correlations were found between histomorphometric parameters and biochemical markers of bone metabolism. In conclusion, cholestatic osteopenia appears to result from a combination of decreased bone formation and increased resorption, especially in female patients, but the relative importance of these two abnormalities and their actual etiology remain to be elucidated.
Uses of heparin. Ancrod for heparin induced thrombocytopenia.
Authors: R L Soutar, J S Ginsberg
Journal: BMJ (1993)

this screening interval but did not strictly fulfil all the criteria.By analysing the smear histories of all women over the age of 50 living in the Dundee and Angus areas who were diagnosed as having cervical neoplastic disease in 1991 and 1992 we extended out initial study to cover four consecutive years.In 1991 and 1992 a total of 47 461 smears were taken and 710 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were diagnosed.Altogether 15-5% of smear tests
Can private providers be trusted to run NHS hospitals after Hinchingbrooke?
Authors: S. Collier, G. Scally
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The private company Circle is withdrawing from managing the NHS’s Hinchingbrooke Hospital. <b>Stephen Collier</b> says that all NHS providers are feeling the strain and that independent providers have an important part to play, but <b>Gabriel Scally</b> wonders whether a profit motive is compatible with the NHS’s values