tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method.
Authors: R B Devereux, N Reichek
Journal: Circulation (1977)

An accurte echocardiographic (E) method for determination of left ventricular mass (LVM) was derived from systematic analysis of the relationship between the antemortem left ventricular echogram and postmortem anatomic LVM in 34 adults with a wide range of anatomic LVM (101-505 g). No subject had massive myocardial infarction, ventricular aneurysm, severe right ventricular volume overload or hypertrophic cardiography. The best method for LVM-E identified combined cube function geometry with a modified convention for determination of left ventricular internal dimension (LVID), posterior wall thickness (PWT), and interventricular septal thickness (IVST), which excluded the thickness of endocardial echo lines from wall thicknesses and included the thickness of left septal and posterior wall endocardial echo lines in LVID (Penn Convention, P). By this method, anatomic LVM = 1.04 ([LVIDp + PWTp + IVSTp]3--[LVIDp]3) -- 14 g; r = 0.96, SD= 29 g, N= 34. Standard echo measurements gave less accurate results, as did previously reported methods for LVM-E. LVM-Dp is an accurate, widely applicable method for the study of left ventricular hypertrophy.
ROUTINE FOLLOW-UP CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY VERSUS CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP ONLY FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENTS : 2-YEAR CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP RESULTS
Authors: Seung Woon Rha, Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Meera Kumari, Ji Young Park, Byoung Geol Choi, Yun Kyung Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The relationship of endoscopy, portal doppler ultrasound flowmetry, and clinical and biochemical tests in cirrhosis
Authors: Sebastiano Siringo, Luigi Bolondi, Stefano Gaiani, Soccorsa Sofia, Giulio Di Febo, Gianni Zironi, Alessandra Rigamonti, Mario Miglioli, Giancarlo Cavalli, Luigi Barbara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Sulfasalazine-Induced Exacerbation of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Armond G. Schwartz, Stephan R. Targan, Andrew Saxon, Wilfred M. Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

SULFASALAZINE is used extensively to treat ulcerative colitis. Maintenance therapy with sulfasalazine decreases the frequency of relapse, and the drug has also been used to treat mild to moderate flare-ups of ulcerative colitis.1 , 2 We report studies in a patient with ulcerative colitis in remission who had unequivocal endoscopic and histologic evidence of relapses after oral and rectal challenges with sulfasalazine. Both challenges also provoked the systemic manifestation of iridocyclitis.Case ReportA 35-year-old male physician had two weeks of rectal bleeding at the age of 19. At the ages of 21 and 22 he had recurrences of blood-streaked stool. Sulfasalazine . . .
Junior doctors plan further hours' survey
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Under the new deal on junior doctors' hours of work no doctor should be contracted to work more than 72 hours on an on call rota in hard pressed posts after 31 December 1994. The Junior Doctors Committee does not believe that this target will be achieved universally and plans to survey junior doctors before the end of the year to highlight those places where the targets are not met.

In the anonymous questionnaire doctors will be asked to provide details of their working patterns, contracted hours, whether these include cover for colleagues' annual and study leave, and the maximum number of hours on duty without a period off duty. There are questions on standards of accommodation, personal security, and catering. The JDC also wants to know if doctors regret taking up a career in medicine.

The progress reports from task forces for the period 30 September 1993 to 31 March 1994 show that if the rate of reduction of hard pressed on call posts remained the same until the end of the year there would still be 5500 posts (21% of all posts) outside the contracted hours' targets. Since the reports were completed, however, several steps have been taken. Task forces have been given a greater role in approving further staff grade posts and, with postgraduate deans, to vary the number of senior house officer posts. A further £11.6m was made available for 125 extra consultant posts. Authorities and trusts were asked to conduct an urgent review of skill mix and reassess working arrangements.

The medical director of the NHS Executive, Dr Graham Wingard, …
Red Blood Cell Groups and ABH Secretor System as Genetic Indicators of Susceptibility to Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: T. D. Dublin, A. D. Bernanke, E. L. Pitt, B. F. Massell, F. H. Allen, F. Amezcua
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The familial aggregation of rheumatic fever and its sequel, rheumatic heart disease, has long been recognized.Despite well-established evidence that group A haemolytic streptococcus infections may precipitate initial episodes as well as recurrences, the factors determining host susceptibility are still poorly understood.Opinions diverge with respect to the role of inheritance in the aetiology of this disease.Wilson (1962) and her associates have advanced the hypothesis, based on extensive family studies, that susceptibility to rheumatic fever is inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait.Such a view has not received universal acceptance.This may be due, in part, to the difficulty of replicating Dr. Wilson's elaborate observations covering two or more generations.In addition, the essentially descriptive observations thus far reported have not yet proved fruitful in establishing a basic biochemical or immunochemical mechanism determining susceptibility or resistance.
The Black American Elderly: Research on Psysical and Psychosocial Health
Authors: Mal Schechter
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The growth of the American elderly population is hardly news, but the racespecific and culture-specific elements of aging and older populations are generally unappreciated. The black elder group is growing much faster than the whole elder population, by 45.6% vs 22.7% in the 15-year period ending in the year 2000. Blacks tend to show more longevity than whites after age 75 to 80 years. In this age group, the black population will grow slightly faster than the white. Investigations of these oldest-old groups, white and black, may disclose differential aging processes not only among them but also within them. Do blacks age differently from whites and others by birth cohort, early personal history, gender, socioeconomic status, health-seeking behavior, and physical and social environment? To what extent are interracial and intraracial differences in aging related to these factors? These are among questions animating<i>The Black American Elderly: Research on Physical and</i>
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Children’s Intelligence at 8–11 Years of Age
Authors: Subin Park, Soo-Churl Cho, Yun-Chul Hong, Jae-Won Kim, Min-Sup Shin, Hee Jeong Yoo, Doug Hyun Han, Jae Hoon Cheong, Bung-Nyun Kim
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Evidence supporting a link between postnatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and cognitive problems among children is mounting, but inconsistent.We examined the relationship between ETS exposure, measured using urine cotinine, and IQ scores in Korean school-aged children.The participants were 996 children 8-11 years of age recruited from five administrative regions in South Korea. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of urinary cotinine concentrations and IQ scores obtained using the abbreviated form of a Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders, and estimates were derived with and without adjustment for mother's Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) score.After adjusting for sociodemographic and developmental covariates, urinary cotinine concentrations were inversely associated with FSIQ, Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), vocabulary, math, and block design scores. Following further adjustment for maternal IQ, only the VIQ scores remained significantly associated with urinary cotinine concentration (B = -0.31; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.03 for a 1-unit increase in natural log-transformed urine cotinine concentration; p = 0.03).Urine cotinine concentrations were inversely associated with children's VIQ scores before and after adjusting for maternal IQ. Further prospective studies with serial measurements of cotinine are needed to confirm our findings.
Hearing and Deafness
Authors: L. A. Michael
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The first edition appeared in 1947. The passage of time has necessitated a changed emphasis in some sections of the field of audiology, resulting in extensive rewriting of some chapters. Others remain virtually unchanged. Thus, though the original organization has been retained, there has been expansion of the parts on hearing and hearing loss, with much more detail of interest to the otologist. Equally useful is the expansion of the former chapter on tests of hearing to 3 chapters, on audiometry, special auditory tests, and medicolegal considerations. The chapter on hearing aids has been brought up to date. The value of this introductory textbook in audiology has been enhanced by this revision, and it is strongly recommended.
Assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: a new approach using 111In granulocyte scanning.
Authors: S H Saverymuttu, J P Lavender, H J Hodgson, V S Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1983)

111In leucocyte scanning yields images of diseased bowel in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The technique has recently been improved by being made more specific for acute inflammation by the isolation and labelling of a pure granulocyte preparation. The value of 111In granulocyte scanning in monitoring response to steroid treatment was assessed in 22 patients with Crohn9s disease or ulcerative colitis. After steroid treatment there was agreement between the change in the scan grade and the change in clinical disease activity in 18 of the 22 patients. Overall there was a significant correlation between the change in the scan grade and clinical improvement (r = 0.775, p less than 0.001). This study suggests that 111In granulocyte scanning can provide a rapid assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
Who Is the Primary Physician?
Authors: Jane S. Spiegel, Lisa V. Rubenstein, Bonnie Scott, Robert H. Brook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Several studies have concluded that specialists form a hidden system for primary-care delivery. However, these studies assume that a specialist who provides the majority of care is the primary-care physician. Using data for a one-year period from 2752 people enrolled in the Rand Health Insurance Experiment, we examined the validity of this conclusion. We compared the effects of three different definitions of a primary-care physician on identification of the primary-care provider: the physician who delivered the "majority of care" (34 per cent were specialists), the physician designated by the patient to receive the results of a multiphasic-screening examination (12 per cent were specialists), and the physician who treated common problems (9 per cent were specialists). Use of the "majority-of-care" criterion to define primary care overestimated by threefold the contribution specialists make to this activity. Definitions of a primary-care physician must be more specific and should include the tasks frequently associated with primary care, as well as patients' perceptions of the physician who provides their primary care.
Specification of type 2 innate lymphocytes by the transcriptional determinant Gfi1
Authors: Chauncey J Spooner, Justin Lesch, Donghong Yan, Aly A Khan, Alex Abbas, Vladimir Ramirez-Carrozzi, Meijuan Zhou, Robert Soriano, Jeffrey Eastham-Anderson, Lauri Diehl, Wyne P Lee, Zora Modrusan, Rajita Pappu, Min Xu, Jason DeVoss, Harinder Singh
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
P69 A Study Of The Effect Of The 2013 'be Clear On Lung Cancer' Campaign On 2 Week Wait Referrals To An Inner North West London Cancer Centre
Authors: H. Ramsey, Y. Chan, S. Obaidee, E. Bowen, S. Elkin
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The first national ‘Be Clear on Cancer’ lung cancer campaign ran for 6 weeks from May 2012 with the message ‘Been coughing for 3 weeks? Tell your doctor’. During this time there was a 32% increase in 2 week wait (2 WW) referrals, with approximately 700 additional cancers diagnosed compared to 2011. <h3>Method</h3> We studied the effect of the 6 week campaign in 2013 on 2 WW referrals to Imperial College NHS trust, comparing with referrals in the 6 week period prior to the campaign. We assessed quality of the referral based on completeness of the 2 WW proforma (scored out of 10), and the outcome of the referral. Direct radiology referrals were not included. <h3>Results</h3> The campaign period was 2nd July to mid-August 2013. We studied from 15th May until 15th August 2013. Our referrals increased by 52% during the campaign (25 vs 38). The referral quality was unchanged (average score 6.24 pre-campaign and 6.65 during the campaign, p = 0.41). The proforma was used in 20/25 referrals pre-campaign and 30/38 during the campaign. Table 1 shows the results of the patient information section. Patients received less information during the campaign (p=ns). <h3>Diagnoses</h3> There were more referrals diagnosed with lung cancer pre-campaign than during it (37.5% vs 13.9% p = 0.055). One patient in the campaign group was diagnosed with lymphoma. The pre-campaign group had normal investigations in 16.7% patients, with other diagnoses made in 45.8% compared to the campaign group which had 22.2% (p = 0.6) and 61.1% (p = 0.25) respectively. There was no significant increase in referrals with a cough as the only symptom (7/25 vs 11/38 p = 0.95). In the campaign group, in patients diagnosed with lung cancer, we found a significant improvement in referral score compared to those without cancer (8 vs 4.87, p = 0.01). There was no change in the pre-campaign group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our 2 WW referrals increased during the campaign but fewer patients were diagnosed with lung cancer and more received a non-cancer diagnosis. During the campaign, referral forms for those without cancer were poorly completed which may represent pressure on GPs to refer coughs through the 2 WW pathway despite low suspicion.
CNS events in elderly patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with modern chemotherapy (CHOP-14) with or without rituximab: an analysis of patients treated in the RICOVER-60 trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL)
Authors: Volkmar Boehme, Norbert Schmitz, Samira Zeynalova, Markus Loeffler, Michael Pfreundschuh
Journal: Blood (2009)
Glucose transporter levels in spontaneously obese (db/db) insulin-resistant mice.
Authors: L Koranyi, D James, M Mueckler, M A Permutt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

In the present study we examined mRNA and protein levels for the muscle/adipose tissue glucose transporter (GLUT-4) in various tissues of spontaneously obese mice (C57BL/KsJ, db/db) and their lean littermates (db/+). Obese (db/db) mice were studied at 5 wk of age, when they were rapidly gaining weight and were severely insulin resistant, evidenced by hyperglycemia (plasma glucose 683 +/- 60 vs. 169 +/- 4 mg/dl in db/+, P less than 0.05) and hyperinsulinemia (plasma insulin 14.9 +/- 0.53 vs. 1.52 +/- 0.08 ng/ml in db/+, P less than 0.05). The GLUT-4 mRNA was reduced in quadriceps muscle (67.5 +/- 8.5%, P = 0.02), but unaltered in adipose tissue (120 +/- 19%, NS), heart (95.7 +/- 6.1%, NS), or diaphragm (75.2 +/- 12.1%, NS) in obese (db/db) mice relative to levels in lean littermates. The GLUT-4 protein, measured by quantitative immunoblot analysis using two different GLUT-4 specific antibodies, was not different in five insulin-sensitive tissues including diaphragm, heart, red and white quadriceps muscle, and adipose tissue of obese (db/db) mice compared with tissue levels in lean littermates; these findings were consistent when measured relative to tissue DNA levels as an index of cell number. These data suggest that the marked defect in glucose utilization previously described in skeletal muscle of these young obese mice is not due to a decrease in the level of the major muscle glucose transporter. An alternate step in insulin-dependent activation of the glucose transport process is probably involved.
Radiological study of cervical spine and hand in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of 15 years' duration: an assessment of the effects of corticosteroid treatment.
Authors: J J Rasker, J A Cosh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Radiological abnormalities in the cervical spine were assessed in detail in a group of 62 patients with rheumatoid arthritis of approximately 15 years' duration, of whom 33 had been treated with corticosteroids and 29 had not. The 10 criteria of damage described by Bland (1974), which include subluxation, correlated as a whole with the severity of the disease in general but not with the duration of corticosteroid treatment. Subluxation alone, whether assessed in the cervical spine as a whole or in the atlanto-axial joint alone, was less closely related to disease activity, was on average greater in patients treated with corticosteroids, and tended to increase in relation to the duration of treatment. Corticosteroid treatment thus tends to produce, over the course of years, a degree of subluxation in addition to that caused by the disease itself. Radiological signs of damage to the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and carpal bones correlated with both the degree of damage and the degree of subluxation in the cervical spine as well as with corticosteroid treatment. Mutilans deformity at the MCP joints was associated with subluxation in the neck and with corticosteroid treatment.
CHADS2 AND CHA2DS2VASC SCORES AS PREDICTORS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION SUCCESS
Authors: Ismail Hamam, Emile Daoud, Marshall Winner, German Kamalov, Jose Torres, Raul Weiss, Steven Kalbfleisch, Mahmoud Houmsse, Ralph Augostini, Charles Love, Zhenguo Liu, Jaret Tyler, Molly Sachdev, Troy Rhodes, John Hummel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
CAROTID ARTERY STENTING WITH DOUBLE CEREBRAL EMBOLIC PROTECTION IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS
Authors: Francesco Tomassini, Andrea Gagnor, Cristina Rolfo, Enrico Cerrato, Paolo Giay Pron, Massimo Hartwig, Mario Bollati, Emanuele Tizzani, Denise Baricocchi, Ferdinando Varbella
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Lessons in ethnonephrology
Authors: W.E. Hoy
Journal: Kidney International (2006)

Only recently has the nephrology community moved beyond a fairly singular focus on terminal kidney failure to embrace population-based studies of earlier stages of disease, its markers and risk factors, and of interventions. Observations in developing countries, and in minority, migrant, and disadvantaged groups in westernized countries, have promoted these developments. We are only beginning to interpret renal disease in the context of public health history, social and health transitions, changing population demography, and competing mortality. Its intimate relationships to other health issues are being progressively exposed. Perspectives on the multideterminant etiology of most disease and the pedestrian nature of most risk factors are maturing. We are challenged to reconcile epidemiologic patterns with morphology in diseased renal tissue, and to consider structural markers, such as nephron number and glomerular size, as determinants of disease susceptibility. New work force models are mandated for population-based studies and intervention programs. Intervention programs need to be integrated with other chronic disease initiatives and nested in a matrix of systematic primary care, and although flexible to changing needs, must be sustained over the long term. Cross-disciplinary collaboration is essential in designing those programs, and in promoting them to health-care funders. Substantial expansion and restructuring of the discipline is needed for the nephrology community to participate effectively in those processes.
Zyxin Is a Critical Regulator of the Apoptotic HIPK2-p53 Signaling Axis
Authors: Johanna Crone, Carolina Glas, Kathrin Schultheiss, Jutta Moehlenbrink, Eva Krieghoff-Henning, Thomas G. Hofmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

HIPK2 activates the apoptotic arm of the DNA damage response by phosphorylating tumor suppressor p53 at serine 46. Unstressed cells keep HIPK2 levels low through targeted polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Here we identify the LIM domain protein Zyxin as a novel regulator of the HIPK2-p53 signaling axis in response to DNA damage. Remarkably, depletion of endogenous Zyxin, which colocalizes with HIPK2 at the cytoskeleton and in the cell nucleus, stimulates proteasome-dependent HIPK2 degradation. In contrast, ectopic expression of Zyxin stabilizes HIPK2, even upon enforced expression of its ubiquitin ligase Siah-1. Consistently, Zyxin physically interacts with Siah-1, and knock-down of Siah-1 rescues HIPK2 expression in Zyxin-depleted cancer cells. Mechanistically, our data suggest that Zyxin regulates Siah-1 activity through interference with Siah-1 dimerization. Furthermore, we show that endogenous Zyxin coaccumulates with HIPK2 in response to DNA damage in cancer cells, and that depletion of endogenous Zyxin results in reduced HIPK2 protein levels and compromises DNA damage-induced p53 Ser46 phosphorylation and caspase activation. These findings suggest an unforeseen role for Zyxin in DNA damage-induced cell fate control through modulating the HIPK2-p53 signaling axis.
Long-Term Depression of the Cerebellar Climbing Fiber–Purkinje Neuron Synapse
Authors: Christian Hansel, David J. Linden
Journal: Neuron (2000)

In classic Marr-Albus-Ito models of cerebellar function, coactivation of the climbing fiber (CF) synapse, which provides massive, invariant excitation of Purkinje neurons (coding the unconditioned stimulus), together with a graded parallel fiber synaptic array (coding the conditioned stimulus) leads to long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fiber–Purkinje neuron synapses, underlying production of a conditioned response. Here, we show that the supposedly invariant CF synapse can also express LTD. Brief 5 Hz stimulation of the CF resulted in a sustained depression of CF EPSCs that did not spread to neighboring parallel fiber synapses. Like parallel fiber LTD, CF LTD required postsynaptic Ca2+ elevation, activation of group 1 mGluRs, and activation of PKC. CF LTD is potentially relevant for models of cerebellar motor control and learning and the developmental conversion from multiple to single CF innervation of Purkinje neurons.
Dietary Antioxidant Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jukka Montonen, Paul Knekt, Ritva Järvinen, Antti Reunanen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We would like to express our warm thanks to Granado-Lorencio and Olmedilla-Alonso for carefully reading our article (1) and for their comments regarding the inverse association between β-cryptoxanthin intake and diabetes risk (2). Granado-Lorencio and Olmedilla-Alonso pointed out that the β-cryptoxanthin intake in our study population was exceptionally low; therefore, any potential beneficial effect associated with such low amounts of β-cryptoxanthin is difficult to imagine.

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