tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Azlocillin compared with carbenicillin in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: A Penketh, M E Hodson, H Gaya, J C Batten
Journal: Thorax (1984)

A randomised controlled open comparison of azlocillin and gentamicin versus carbenicillin and gentamicin was carried out in patients with cystic fibrosis who were chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The clinical response was assessed by measurements of pulmonary function and of the patients9 feelings of wellbeing scored on a visual analogue scale. The sputum penetration of the antibiotics used was also studied. The two groups of 10 patients were similar in terms of age, sex, and pulmonary function at entry to the trial. Both regimens produced significant improvement in pulmonary function over 10 days. The mean FEV1 in the azlocillin group increased from 1206 to 1760 ml (p less than 0.001). In the carbenicillin group the mean FEV1 increased from 1116 to 1619 ml (p less than 0.001). Significant improvements in peak expiratory flow rate, forced vital capacity, and score on the visual analogue scale were also seen but there was no significant difference between the antibiotic regimens. Despite high serum concentrations the sputum penetration of the antibiotics was poor.
Free thiomalate in plasma and urine of patients receiving sodium aurothiomalate.
Authors: S.R Rudge, D Perrett, A.J Swannell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Free thiomalate is measureable in the plasma and urine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving sodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin). Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of free thiomalate were measured in 8 patients by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. After an initial intramuscular dose of 20 mg sodium aurothiomalate, free thiomalate was detected in plasma within 15 min, peak levels of up to 600 nmol/l occurring at 30 min. Plasma levels declined rapidly thereafter. During the first 24 h between 2 and 16% of the injected dose of aurothiomalate was recovered in the urine as free thiomalate, maximum excretion occurring during the first hour.
A fish-based diet intervention improves endothelial function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Keiko Kondo, Katsutaro Morino, Yoshihiko Nishio, Motoyuki Kondo, Keiko Nakao, Fumiyuki Nakagawa, Atsushi Ishikado, Osamu Sekine, Takeshi Yoshizaki, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Satoshi Ugi, Hiroshi Maegawa
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
What Can We Conclude from Death Registration? Improved Methods for Evaluating Completeness
Authors: Christopher J. L. Murray, Julie Knoll Rajaratnam, Jacob Marcus, Thomas Laakso, Alan D. Lopez
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Julie Rajaratnam and colleagues evaluate the performance of a suite of demographic methods that estimate the fraction of deaths registered and counted by civil registration systems, and identify three variants that generally perform the best.
Relation of infant diet to childhood health: seven year follow up of cohort of children in Dundee infant feeding study
Authors: A. C Wilson, J S. Forsyth, S. A Greene, L. Irvine, C. Hau, P. W Howie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the relation of infant feeding practice to childhood respiratory illness, growth, body composition, and blood pressure. <b>Design:</b> Follow up study of a cohort of children (mean age 7.3 years) who had detailed infant feeding and demographic data collected prospectively during the first two years of life. <b>Setting:</b> Dundee. <b>Subjects:</b> 674 infants, of whom 545 (81%) were available for study. Data on respiratory illness were available for 545 children (mean age 7.3 (range 6.1- 9.9) years); height for 410 children; weight and body mass index for 412 children; body composition for 405 children; blood pressure for 301 children (mean age 7.2 (range 6.9-10.0) years). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Respiratory illness, weight, height, body mass index, percentage body fat, and blood pressure in relation to duration of breast feeding and timing of introduction of solids. <b>Results:</b> After adjustment for the significant confounding variables the estimated probability of ever having respiratory illness in children who received breast milk exclusively for at least 15 weeks was consistently lower (17.0% (95% confidence interval 15.9% to 18.1%) for exclusive breast feeding, 31.0% (26.8% to 35.2%) for partial breast feeding, and 32.2% (30.7% to 33.7%) for bottle feeding. Solid feeding before 15 weeks was associated with an increased probability of wheeze during childhood (21.0% (19.9% to 22.1%) <i>v</i> 9.7% (8.6% to 10.8%)). It was also associated with increased percentage body fat and weight in childhood (mean body fat 18.5% (18.2% to 18.8%) <i>v</i> 16.5% (16.0% to 17.0%); weight standard deviation score 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.06) <i>v</i> −0.09 (−0.16 to 0.02). Systolic blood pressure was raised significantly in children who were exclusively bottle fed compared with children who received breast milk (mean 94.2 (93.5 to 94.9) mm Hg <i>v</i> 90.7 (89.9 to 91.7) mm Hg). <b>Conclusions:</b> The probability of respiratory illness occurring at any time during childhood is significantly reduced if the child is fed exclusively breast milk for 15 weeks and no solid foods are introduced during this time. Breast feeding and the late introduction of solids may have a beneficial effect on childhood health and subsequent adult disease. <h3>Key messages</h3> Current guidelines in the United Kingdom recommend that babies are exclusively breast fed for the first 4 months of life, with solids being introduced thereafter This study found that exclusive breast feeding is associated with a significant reduction in childhood respiratory illness The early introduction of solids is associated with increased body fat and weight in childhood Exclusive bottle feeding is associated with higher systolic blood pressure in childhood Breast feeding and delaying the introduction of solids until after 15 weeks may have a beneficial effect on childhood health and subsequent adult disease
Laparotomy in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: BARRY KISLOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments and Corrections1 December 1971Laparotomy in Hodgkin's DiseaseBARRY KISLOFF, M.D.BARRY KISLOFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-6-973_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Some statements in Dr. Ralph E. Johnson's article on staging laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease in the September issue (Ann Intern Med 75:459-462, 1971) are confusing.Dr. Johnson makes the point that laparotomy can be useful in Hodgkin's disease of stage II or less, when the disease is above the diaphragm, only if positive nodes or liver specimens, or both, are obtained. Negative histological findings, he claims, are probably not accurate enough to enable the physician to safely omit prophylactic radiotherapy to the lumbar periaortic nodes and splenic pedicle.When discussing the indications for laparotomy, however, Dr. Johnson...References1. JOHNSON R, GLOVER M, and MARSHALL S: Results of radiation therapy and implications for the clinical staging of Hodgkin's disease, in Proceedings of the Ann Arbor Conference on the Staging of Hodgkin's Disease. Cancer Res. In press, 1971 Google Scholar2. SALZMAN J and KAPLAN H: Effect of prior splenectomy on hematologic tolerance during total lymphoid radiotherapy of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 27:471-478, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GLATSTEIN E, TRUEBLOOD H, and ENRIGHT L: Surgical staging of abdominal involvement in unselected patients with Hodgkin's disease. Radiology 97:425-432, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. INGOLD J, REED G, and KAPLAN H: Radiation hepatitis. Am J Roentgen 93:200-208, 1965 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BARRY KISLOFF, M.D.Affiliations: Resident-in-Medicine Northwestern University Medical Center Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1971Volume 75, Issue 6Page: 973-974KeywordsHodgkin lymphomaLaparotomyLiverLiver diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3120: Aberrant activation of ERBB3 oncogenic signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sen-Yung Hsieh, Jung-Ru He, Chih-Yun Hsu, Ming-Chin Yu, Wen-Hui Weng, Shiu-Fen Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background &amp; aims: Recent evidence that ERBB3 is responsible for tumor resistance to EGFR or ERBB2 targeted therapies highlighted its crucial role in the oncogenic signaling of EGFR family. However, its roles in hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Methods: Expression and phosphorylation of ERBB3 was examined in HCC tissues and cells. Gene number was determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Roles of EGEF, ERBB2, and neuregulin in phosphorylation of ERBB3 were evaluated via small-interference RNAs to silence their expression. The effects of ERBB3 on cell proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis were assayed in vitro and in vivo. Results: Overexpression of ERBB3 was associated with a higher recurrence (P=0.000), and a worse prognosis (P=0.004). Gain of ERBB3 gene number was found in most HCC cells. EGFR, ERBB2, neuregulin and phosphorylated ERBB3 were detected in HCC cells. Phosphorylation of ERBB3 was induced by treatment with the conditioned media of HCC cells, while it was abolished by pre-treatment of the conditioned media with the anti-neuregulin antibodies or by silencing neuregulin expression. Phosphorylation of ERBB3 was suppressed by silencing the expression of ERBB2 but not EGFR. Induction of ERBB3 phosphorylation promoted cell proliferation, invasion and colony formation, while silencing ERBB3 expression suppressed xenograft tumor formation and growth in nude mice. Conclusions: Overexpression of ERBB3, primarily attributable to gene amplification, was associated with a poor prognosis of HCC. Aberrant activation of ERBB3, via an autocrine mechanism by dimerization with ERBB2, enhanced tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. The oncogenic signaling of ERBB3 can be the target for anti-HCC therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3120.
Towards investing in health gain Evaluation of interventions is needed
Authors: I G Finlay, A R Ness, C Duff, W I Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> We use recent data and research results to approximate the probability that an air traveler in coach will contract Covid-19 on a US domestic flight two hours long, both when all coach seats are full and when all but middle seats are full. The point estimates we reach based on data from late June 2020 are 1 in 4,300 for full flights and 1 in 7,700 when middle seats are kept empty. These estimates are subject to both quantifiable and nonquantifiable sources of uncertainty, and sustain known margins of error of a factor about 2.5. However, because uncertainties in key parameters affect both risk estimates the same way, they leave the relative risk ratio for “fill all seats” compared to “middle seat open” close to 1.8 (i.e., close to 1/4,300)/(1/7,700). We estimate the mortality risks caused by Covid-19 infections contracted on airplanes, taking into account that infected passengers can in turn infect others. The point estimates—which use 2019 data about the percentage of seats actually occupied on US flights--range from one death per 400,000 passengers to one death per 600,000. These death-risk levels are considerably higher than those associated with plane crashes but comparable to those arising from two hours of everyday activities during the pandemic.
Monica Kathleen McAllen
Authors: R. McAllen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

On qualifying, Monica Kathleen McAllen (nee Mack) took out the Robert Fellowes Gold Medal for medicine. After training as a chest physician under Andrew Morland at UCH, she developed her career interest in asthma and allergy, after the revelation by D A Williams that deaths from asthma were much commoner than appreciated at the time (the early 1950s). Motivated by the desire to do something about preventable deaths in so many young people, she obtained expert training from D A …
Immediate Photographic Projection for Teaching
Authors: Bernard Appel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE inability of large medical audiences, particularly in halls and amphitheaters, to see details of skin lesions has been a stumbling block in the teaching of dermatology. This applies particularly to undergraduate teaching. The only photoreproductive method of immediately projecting the subject, until now, has been the closed-circuit type of television. This system is limited by its inability to show a greatly enlarged picture, as well as by its costliness and complicated engineering.Recently, when my attention was called to a new development of a positive, transparent film that is developed in the specially designed camera in two minutes,* I . . .
A CHILD WITHOUT ARMS OR LEGS. MATERNAL IMPRESSIONS.
Authors: JACOB SCHNECK
Journal: JAMA (1892)

On September 30, 1885, I attended Mrs. B. in her third accouchement. I found a breech presentation, in the sacro-pubic anterior position. The child was a female, and was born after about four hours' ordinary labor. The cry was feeble at time of birth, and gradually grew weaker until, at the end of fifty minutes, the child died; no special effort was made to assist it to live. It weighed about 7 lbs. The body, so far as external inspection could determine, was in every way normal and well developed. The four extremities were entirely absent. The ends of the clavicle and scapula could be distinctly felt; but there was no sign of a remnant of an arm. The lower extremities were represented, each, by a fleshy teatlike protuberance, about ½ inch long; these did not appear to be attached to the pelvic bones, nor could I find any small
Danazol-induced Augmentation of Serum α1-Antitrypsin Levels in Individuals with Marked Deficiency of this Antiprotease
Authors: James E. Gadek, Jack D. Fulmer, Jeffrey A. Gelfand, Michael M. Frank, Thomas L. Petty, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Individuals with serum alpha1-antitrypsin levels below 80 mg/dl are clearly at risk for the development of accelerated panacinar emphysema. One possible approach to the therapy of this disorder would be to raise serum levels of this major antiprotease to establish protease-antiprotease homeostasis within the lung parenchyma. Because danazol, an impeded androgen, elevates levels of C1 inhibitor in patients deficient of that serum antiprotease, we hypothesized that this agent might also increase alpha1-antitrypsin levels in patients with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. To evaluate this concept, seven patients with severe emphysema associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (six PiZ and 1 M(Duarte)Z) and one asymptomatic individual (PiSZ) received 600 mg of danazol daily for 30 d. Five of the six PiZ patients responded to danazol therapy with significant increases in serum alpha1-antitrypsin levels (mean increase of 37%; P < 0.03). The two individuals who were heterozygous for the Z protein increased their serum levels by 85% (PiM(Duarte)Z) and 87% (PiSZ), respectively. These increases in serum alpha1-antitrypsin antigen were accompanied by commensurate increases in serum trypsin inhibition. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed no alterations of the microheterogeneity of the alpha1-antitrypsin or the presence of protease-antiprotease complexes in serum during danazol therapy. These data demonstrate that serum alpha1-antitrypsin levels can be augmented by danazol therapy in PiZ individuals as well as those heterozygotes with severe deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin. The clinical relevance of these increases in serum alpha1-antitrypsin remains speculative, but these findings suggest that danazol may provide a means of improving the protease-antiprotease balance in these individuals and thus impede the progression of their lung disease.
Video Capsule Endoscopy in Small-bowel Malignancy: A Multicenter Belgian Study
Authors: D. Urbain, D. De Looze, I. Demedts, E. Louis, O. Dewit, E. Macken, A. Van Gossum
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: Early diagnosis of small-bowel tumors is crucial for therapy. Video capsule endoscopy has improved the diagnosis of small-bowel diseases, but data concerning the role of this technique in detecting small-bowel malignancy are scarce. The aim of this paper was to review all capsule endoscopy findings at Belgian hospitals, in order to evaluate the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in the field of small-bowel malignancy. Patients and Methods: For this retrospective study, the seven Belgian academic hospitals where the device was being used were asked to review the findings obtained by means of video capsule endoscopy, and to collect information about the cases of small-bowel malignancy. Results: In total, 443 capsule endoscopies were performed up to November 2004, and 11 malignant small-bowel processes were detected (2.5 %). The most frequent indications for performing capsule endoscopy in those 11 cases were intestinal bleeding of undefined origin or iron-deficiency anemia. The mean number of diagnostic procedures performed before capsule endoscopy was 3.6. The capsule endoscopy results had a diagnostic yield of 1.6 % after classical work-up. In 55 % of these cases, capsule endoscopy findings had an influence on therapy. Conclusions: Tumors of the small bowel remain a rare condition. Video capsule endoscopy is able to detect tumors undiagnosed by classical procedures in about 1.6 % of cases and has an impact on the therapy in 55 % of the tumor cases.
Recent Selection on the Y-to-Dot Translocation in Drosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Amanda M. Larracuente, Andrew G. Clark
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

The Drosophila pseudoobscura dot chromosome acquired genes from the ancestral Drosophila Y chromosome in a Y-to-dot translocation event that occurred between 12.7 and 20.8 Ma.The formerly Y-linked genes mostly retained their testis-specific expression but shrank drastically in size, mostly through intron reduction, since becoming part of the dot chromosome in this species.We investigated the impact of this translocation on the evolution of the both the Y-to-dot translocated region and the original segments of the dot chromosome in D. pseudoobscura.Our survey of polymorphism and divergence across the chromosome reveals a reduction in variation, a deletion polymorphism segregating at high frequency, and a shift in the frequency spectra, all consistent with a history of recent selective sweeps in the Y-to-dot translocated region but not on the rest of the dot chromosome.We do find evidence for recombination primarily as gene conversion on the dot chromosome; however, predicted recombination events are restricted to the part of the dot chromosome outside the translocation.It therefore appears that recombination has resulted in a degree of decoupling between the ancestral Y region and the conserved region of the dot chromosome.
Mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Susana Gardete, Alexander Tomasz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Traditionally, it has been used as a drug of last resort; however, clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin (vancomycin intermediate-resistant S. aureus [VISA]) and more recently with high-level vancomycin resistance (vancomycin-resistant S. aureus [VRSA]) have been described in the clinical literature. The rare VRSA strains carry transposon Tn1546, acquired from vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, which is known to alter cell wall structure and metabolism, but the resistance mechanisms in VISA isolates are less well defined. Herein, we review selected mechanistic aspects of resistance in VISA and summarize biochemical studies on cell wall synthesis in a VRSA strain. Finally, we recapitulate a model that integrates common mechanistic features of VRSA and VISA strains and is consistent with the mode of action of vancomycin.
Comprehensive Textbook of Oncology
Authors: Max Haid
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Just when we thought it was safe to visit the medical book store again, a second edition of Moossa's<i>Textbook of Oncology</i>appears. It is a handsomely bound two-volume text printed on high-quality paper. From the introduction, its goal appears to be the presentation of a comprehensive review of oncology and its related fields. Such an undertaking is a formidable task. It is as difficult as developing a suit of clothing in which one size will fit all comers. The book is sensibly and logically organized. It presents an overview of cell biology, evaluation of the patient with cancer, and concepts of cancer therapy. In a fourth part, approaches to specific neoplasms are addressed. I found the inclusion of an appendix devoted solely to tumor staging systems useful and unique. In addition to providing the usual numbered references in the text, many of the chapters include additional selective readings. However,