tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The HLA-B*2709 subtype in a patient with undifferentiated spondarthritis
Authors: I. OLIVIERI
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Incidence of RA in people with persistently raised RFA criticism of the study reported in the Annals 1 is that age was not taken into account in the evaluation of the probability of development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among symptom free subjects with persistently raised rheumatoid factor (RF).The prevalence of RF can be as high as 14.1% in apparently healthy people aged 67-95 (mean age 81). 2 RF is also 3.5 times more common in healthy elderly subjects (aged >65) than in their younger counterparts. 3All these factors may alter the natural history of arthritis in elderly patients who have RF either in good health or in a non-arthritic presentation of RA.The latter is exemplified by a patient admitted at the age of 76 with symptomatic, as well as echocardiographically validated rheumatoid pericarditis in the absence of arthritis.Rheumatoid arthritis latex fixation test (RA LFT) was positive with a titre of 1/160, antinuclear factor (ANF) titre was 1/250, and signs of active inflammatory disease included a platelet count of 750 × 10 9 /l, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 98 mm/1st h (Westergren).Arthralgia of the hands and wrists developed for the first time two years later (when she was no longer taking steroids), with a subsequent RA LFT titre of 1/80 and an ANF titre of 1/320 about four months after the onset of arthralgia.Radiography showed narrowing of the joint spaces of the hands 12 months later, but there were as yet no erosions at this stage.Erosions were seen in March 1992, approximately two and a half years after the onset of arthralgia, when the RA LFT titre was 1/160, ANF titre 1/160, platelet count 421 × 10 9 /l, ESR 18 mm/1st h.At her most recent attendance, on 2 February 2000, she was still very active, having continued to receive prednisolone (maximum dose 5 mg/d) continuously since 1989.Her only complaint was a little pain in the left thenar eminence and painful heels.RF was now 768 IU/ml, ANF titre 1/320, platelet count 340 × 10 9 /l, ESR 42 mm/1st h.Antibodies against double stranded DNA had not been reported at any stage. COMMENTThis case shows a remarkable dissociation between arthritic symptoms and levels of RF, perhaps signifying that when the immune status is altered in old age, 2 the relation between RF and the natural history of RA might be less clear than it is in younger people.
Genomic Copy Number Changes Affecting the Thymidylate Synthase (<i>TYMS</i>) Gene in Cancer: A Model for Patient Classification to Aid Fluoropyrimidine Therapy
Authors: Jonathan R. Brody, Tomas Hucl, Eike Gallmeier, Jordan M. Winter, Scott E. Kern, Kathleen M. Murphy
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy. The TS polymorphic 5'-untranslated region tandem repeat sequence is under investigation to guide 5FU treatment, yet current protocols omit consideration of copy number changes at the TS locus. We surveyed the TS tandem repeat sequence and found copy number changes in gastrointestinal cancers. Ten of 12 informative cases had loss of heterozygosity (LOH), whereas two others and an additional cell line had a novel TS genotype, allelic imbalance at the TS locus due to polysomy. Experimentally, we studied a diploid colorectal cancer line heterozygous at TS to mimic three common TS genotypes of cancers. Using genetic engineering, we deleted the short tandem repeat (two repeats) allele and retained the long (three repeats) allele to produce artificial LOH at the TS gene; the TS(+/-) line had a reduced TS protein expression and was hypersensitive to 5FU and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in vitro as compared with syngeneic control lines. We linked this sensitivity directly to the reduced TS expression by introducing exogenous TS cDNA expression into the TS(+/-) line (i.e., increased TS copies). Our model predicts that the 5FU sensitivity of a tumor is modified by aneuploidy producing copy number changes of TS alleles by one or more of the following: LOH, amplification, and, as presented here, copy number changes due to polysomy. The data suggest that TS copy number in a patient's tumor may be a dominating variable affecting 5FU responsiveness.
Growth in Still's Disease
Authors: B. M. Ansell, E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1956)

9 months of the onset of the disease were treated with oral cortisone acetate in sufficient quantity to suppress symptoms (the dose varying from 25-150 mg./day) and continued thus as long as disease activity was thought to be present.No case was treated for less than 3 months and most of these patients received continuous hormone for at least one year.Six more patients received hor- mone therapy in a similar way, but in these cases the 295 copyright.
Left ventricular function in tricuspid atresia. Angiographic analysis in 28 patients.
Authors: M A La Corte, M Dick, G Scheer, C G La Farge, D C Fyler
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Thirty-one left ventricular (LV) biplane angiograms were performed in 28 patients with tricuspid atresia. Measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end-systolic volume were obtained by the modified Simpson's rule and systolic ejection fraction (EF) calculated. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions were also obtained in 19 control patients with no significant heart disease. The patients with tricuspid atresia were classified according to the appearance of the pulmonary vascularity on initial radiologic examination: Group A, decreased pulmonary vascularity; Group B, increased pulmonary vascularity. In the 13 group A infants who were unoperated, LVEDV was increased and EF mildly diminished. In the group B patients LVEDV was increased and EF normal. In the 12 group A patients with surgical shunts LVEDV was elevated. The five group A patients with long-standing systemic artery to pulmonary artery anastomoses (greater than 10 years) showed the largest LVEDV and the poorest EF. The angiographic data indicate that patients with tricuspid atresia experience significant LV dysfunction as a consequence of longstanding LV volume overload. The early detection of LV dysfunction may be an indication for a right ventricular bypass procedure in these patients.
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS IN DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: S. SHERWELL
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In company with its direct analogue, histological as well as in some degree functional, the skin suffers many insults from the glycosuric state, subjectively, and often bears decided objective symptoms resulting therefrom. It never should be forgotten, though it often is, to what large degree vicarious elimination of morbid and effete matter is carried on by the skin, in its natural effort to relieve other organs in the human economy, more particularly the larger splanchnic glands, as for example the liver and kidneys, as evidenced in those cases by icterus, uridrosis, etc. In fact, the integument must really be recognized, taken in its totality, as the largest eliminating organ of the body, which perhaps is only another way of putting the aphorism of Æsop, "that there is nothing like leather." Skin symptoms are frequently the first to call our attention to the presence of the morbid condition which is being
Effect of prednisone and beclomethasone dipropionate on airway responsiveness in asthma: a comparative study.
Authors: C R Jenkins, A J Woolcock
Journal: Thorax (1988)

To examine the effect of corticosteroids on bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a randomised, double dummy, single blind crossover study was performed in 18 subjects with chronic asthma, comparing the effect of three weeks9 treatment with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate, 1200 micrograms daily, and oral prednisone 12.5 mg daily. The 12 week study began with a three week run in period of baseline treatment, which was continued unchanged throughout the study, and the two treatment periods were separated by a three week washout period. Patients kept daily Airflometer readings and attended the laboratory every three weeks for spirometry and a histamine inhalation test for determining the provocative dose of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20). The mean FEV1 at the start was 1.9 litres (56% predicted). There was no significant change in PD20 with prednisone treatment, the mean PD20 being 0.56 and 0.59 mumol before and after treatment. There was, however, a significant improvement in PD20 with beclomethasone dipropionate treatment, the geometric mean PD20 being 0.38 and 1.01 mumol before and after treatment (p less than 0.001). There was a small but significant improvement in mean FEV1 after beclomethasone dipropionate treatment--from 1.9 to 2.2 litres--but no change after prednisone. Both medications produced significant and similar improvements in morning and evening Airflometer readings, post-bronchodilator improvement, and diurnal variation. Thus at doses that had similar beneficial effects on lung function beclomethasone dipropionate caused a significant improvement in bronchial hyperresponsiveness whereas prednisone caused no change. The superior topical anti-inflammatory effect of beclomethasone dipropionate may account for the different effects on bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Methodological issues in the study of rare exposures and rare outcomes in perinatal epidemiology
Authors: Michael B. Bracken
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

Epidemiologic study of rare exposures and rare outcomes is complicated. For perinatal epidemiology, a prospective cohort study design is preferred for reproductive outcomes with incidences of at least 5%. Case-control studies are generally used to investigate rare outcomes with incidences from 5 per 1000 to less than 1 per 1000. However, obtaining data on large numbers of rare cases can be difficult. The use of nested case-control designs or nested prospective studies may be particularly useful in perinatal epidemiology. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:S354-5.)
ARSENICAL POISONING TREATED BY SODIUM THIOSULPHATE
Authors: H. M. Halliday, C. E. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1925)

rMEDICAL JOUSNAL 407 diaphragm; or, since the patient was up and about, the sighinig mnay simply have resulted from cerebral anaemia connected with the recenit vasoim1otor disturbance.
High-sensitivity troponin &amp;lt; 3 ng/L ruled out acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Michael E. Farkouh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Body R, Carley S, McDowell G, et al. Rapid exclusion of acute myocardial infarction in patients with undetectable troponin using a high-sensitivity assay. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1332-9. 21920261
Non-hypervascular hypointense nodules detected by Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI are a risk factor for recurrence of HCC after hepatectomy
Authors: Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Kumada, Toshifumi Tada, Takuro Niinomi, Takanori Ito, Yasuhiro Sone, Yuji Kaneoka, Atsuyuki Maeda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Feedforward versus feedbackward: An ethological alternative to the law of effect
Authors: R. Allen Gardner, Beatrix T. Gardner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1988)

The view that learning is governed by positive and negative consequences has dominated theory and application throughout this century. In some systems stimulus-response connections are stamped in or stamped out by the consequences of action, in others, cognitive expectancies are formed by experience with past consequences. The evidence from early experiments with rats and pigeons and the feedback principles of early servomechanisms seemed to offer both hard evidence and a plausible model for the law of effect in either its behaviorist or its cognitive form.A large body of evidence demonstrates that the results of operant conditioning appear regardless of and often in spite of response-contingent consequences. Experiments designed to measure a residual effect of consequences exhibit an inevitable ex post facto error that vitiates all possible versions of this experimental design. Experiments designed to measure the effect of predictive contingency in Pavlovian conditioning exhibit a corresponding error. There appears to be a fundamental logical defect in all contingency models of the learning process.Meanwhile, modern developments in ethology and computer science provide a unified feedforward model of the learning of adaptive and maladaptive behavior under both laboratory and field conditions. Because the feedforward model is more parsimonious, it is also more compatible with Darwinian principles of biological economy. Research on teaching new and challenging tasks to freeliving, well-fed subjects such as children and cross-fostered chimpanzees illustrates the wide applicability and practical effectiveness of feedforward.
Sugars for success?
Authors: I Macdonald
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

As long ago as the 1930s it was known that dietary carbohydrates enhance physical performance, especially in prolonged exercise.It was also known that in intense exercise over short periods the fuel used by active muscle is solely glycogen.Unfortunately, the amount of glycogen stored in muscle is limited (800 kCal).As this glycogen is being used up, body fat has to be broken down in order to provide for the continuing need for muscle contraction.When fat becomes the prime source of muscle energy, a marked drop in muscle efficiency occurs.This not only means that more energy has to be spent to achieve the same output, but also that the individual becomes ketotic.The aim, therefore, is to make sure the supply of muscle glycogen does not get depeleted.This applies especially to long term events.Furthermore, as the body cannot convert body fat or dietary fat to glycogen or glucose, and as dietary protein is needed for other metabolic tasks, this leaves only the carbohydrate in the diet as a major source of energy for the muscles.Carbohydrates in the diet come in many forms from complex starches to simple sugars such as sucrose, glucose and fructose.is stored with about three times its weight of water.Carbohydrate loading may produce a one to two kilogram increase in body weight.It has been suggested that an
DRUG REACTIONS VIII
Authors: Harvey Baker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article DRUG REACTIONS VIII Get access Harvey Baker Harvey Baker The London Hospital, E.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 12, 1 December 1969, Pages 946–949, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15983.x Published: 01 December 1969
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in psoriatic smokers
Authors: N. Cox
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in psoriatic smokers Get access N. Cox N. Cox Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue 1, 1 July 1989, Page 143, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01412.x Published: 01 July 1989
RETRACTED: Cancer-Associated PP2A Aα Subunits Induce Functional Haploinsufficiency and Tumorigenicity
Authors: Wen Chen, Jason D. Arroyo, Jamie C. Timmons, Richard Possemato, William C. Hahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The introduction of SV40 small t antigen or the suppression of PP2A B56γ subunit expression contributes to the experimental transformation of human cells. To investigate the role of cancer-associated PP2A Aα subunit mutants in transformation, we introduced several PP2A Aα mutants into immortalized but nontumorigenic human cells. These PP2A Aα mutants exhibited defects in binding to other PP2A subunits and impaired phosphatase activity. Although overexpression of these mutants failed to render immortalized cells tumorigenic, partial suppression of endogenous PP2A Aα expression activated the AKT pathway and permitted cells to form tumors in immunodeficient mice. These findings suggest that cancer-associated Aα mutations contribute to cancer development by inducing functional haploinsufficiency, disturbing PP2A holoenzyme composition, and altering the enzymatic activity of PP2A.
Adjuvant Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: B. M. Wolpin, J. A. Meyerhardt, H. J. Mamon, R. J. Mayer
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2007)

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common noncutaneous malignancy in the United States and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death. Approximately three quarters of patients are diagnosed with disease limited to the bowel wall or surrounding lymph nodes. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the treatment of localized colorectal cancer due to advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. For patients with Stage III colon cancer, an overall survival benefit for fluorouracil-based chemotherapy has been firmly established, and recent data have shown further efficacy through the inclusion of oxaliplatin into adjuvant treatment programs. For patients with Stage II colon cancer, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial, but may be appropriate in a subset of individuals at high risk for disease recurrence. In the treatment of patients with rectal cancer, improved outcomes have been noted with the use of total mesorectal excision and preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Current randomized clinical trials in the adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer are examining the value of adding agents known to be active in metastatic disease, including those that modify specific molecular targets.
Alveolar and tissue surfactant pool sizes in humans.
Authors: C M Rebello, A H Jobe, J W Eisele, M Ikegami
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The amounts of surfactant in human lung tissue and in the alveolar pool have not been extensively reported. We used 24 human lungs from persons over the age range of 13 mo to 80 yr to investigate whether the amount of saturated phosphatidylcholine (Sat-PC) in the human lung changed with age. Lung lavages also were obtained from 10 lungs at autopsy for measurements of the alveolar Sat-PC and surfactant protein-A (SP-A) concentrations. We found that (mean +/- SEM) lung Sat-PC/body weight (28.4 +/- 2.2 mumol/kg), Sat-PC/lung protein (0.060 +/- 0.005 mumol/mg), and Sat-PC/lung deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (0.23 +/- 0.01 mumol/mg) did not vary significantly with age. The amounts of alveolar Sat-PC (1.9 +/- 0.2 mumol/kg) and SP-A (105 +/- 15 micrograms/kg) were lower than previous estimates in other species. The relatively small surfactant pools in the human may make the lung more susceptible to injuries that interfere with surfactant function.
Accuracy of Electronically Reported “Meaningful Use” Clinical Quality Measures
Authors: Robert H. Dolin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

LettersJuly 2, 2013Accuracy of Electronically Reported “Meaningful Use” Clinical Quality MeasuresRobert H. Dolin, MDRobert H. Dolin, MDFrom Lantana Consulting Group and Health Level 7 International, East Thetford, Vermont.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Let's face it. Although we can challenge Kern and colleagues’ (1) methods (for example, by claiming that electronic health records [EHRs] are much different today than they were in 2008), I don't think that we can challenge their findings. The Achilles’ heel of end-to-end quality reporting from EHRs lies with data capture. The challenges to data capture are many—divergent data requirements (across quality measures, decision support rules, clinical practice guidelines, and others), time pressures, and skepticism (for example, are all these data elements really necessary?)—which can leave providers overwhelmed and resistant.Quality reporting is required under the ...Reference1. Kern LM, Malhotra S, Barrón Y, Quaresimo J, Dhopeshwarkar R, Pichardo M, et al. Accuracy of electronically reported “meaningful use” clinical quality measures: a cross-sectional study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:77-83 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Lantana Consulting Group and Health Level 7 International, East Thetford, Vermont.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAccuracy of Electronically Reported “Meaningful Use” Clinical Quality Measures Lisa M. Kern , Sameer Malhotra , Yolanda Barrón , Jill Quaresimo , Rina Dhopeshwarkar , Michelle Pichardo , Alison M. Edwards , and Rainu Kaushal Accuracy of Electronically Reported “Meaningful Use” Clinical Quality Measures Lisa M. Kern and Rainu Kaushal Metrics July 2, 2013Volume 159, Issue 1Page: 73KeywordsElectronic medical recordsHealth care qualityHealth information technologyTreatment guidelines ePublished: 2 July 2013 Issue Published: July 2, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
US Institute of Medicine calls for major changes at FDA
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The US Institute of Medicine last week called for fundamental changes to the country's Food and Drug Administration to improve drug safety. Its report says that the agency should be funded better and that a greater emphasis on post-marketing surveillance is needed.

The report also calls for the FDA's culture and management and its system of funding to be changed. Some of the agency's income comes from user fees paid by drug companies.

It says, “Recent drug safety events have called into question FDA's regulatory decision making and oversight processes, and caused the public to question its ability to accomplish a balanced evaluation of safety and efficacy of the drugs it reviews …
Advantages of Peritoneal Dialysis in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Angus Rae
Journal: JAMA (1973)

There are occasions when peritoneal dialysis is the appropriate treatment for patients with chronic renal failure. Some patients are best treated in this way permanently, and in others temporary treatment is indicated. In this study, an indwelling silicone rubber tube is used for this purpose in 34 patients. The procedure is simple and safe, and, apart from its benefit in the clinical situations outlined, it is of great value in relieving the congestion often found in chronic renal failure units.
HCV core-mediated activation of latent TGF-β via thrombospondin drives the crosstalk between hepatocytes and stromal environment
Authors: Nassima Benzoubir, Charlène Lejamtel, Serena Battaglia, Barbara Testoni, Barbara Benassi, Claire Gondeau, Laure Perrin-Cocon, Christophe Desterke, Valérie Thiers, Didier Samuel, Massimo Levrero, Christian Bréchot, Marie-Françoise Bourgeade
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)