tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency Ablation in Breast Cancer.
Authors: E. Tzoracoleftherakis, E. Sdralis, J. Maroulis, P. Ravazoula
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of breast tumors is characterized by variable efficiency. Cell viability is principally evaluated by NADH-diaphorase and Hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) staining techniques.Methods: Twenty patients with breast cancer, 20.7 ± 9.14mm in diameter, underwent RFA of the tumor and of the margin of surrounding breast tissue. RFA was based on the radiofrequency impedance-switching algorithm. The algorithm was based on an internally cooled probe, which carried out algorithm-guided deposition of heat in a pulse-cycle fashion and under continuous monitoring of the desiccation status of the ablated site to avoid tissue charring (until its impedance level reached 30Ω above the baseline level or a maximum time interval (tmax) was reached). A minimum time interval of 5 seconds was set as the duration of time that the electrode must be off. If the cycles of power application occurred too rapidly, the power was diverted to the 150Ω resistance load for the remainder of the 5-second interval. Surgical resection was the next step. Sixteen patients underwent quardzantectomy (five with axillary lymph node dissection) and four unilateral total mastectomy. In fifteen patients SLNB was searched and identified (ten negative, four positive and one failure). The ablated tumor tissue was histologically examined and Ki67 immunohistological staining was applied to evaluate cellular proliferation, invasion and survival.Results: The mean time of operation was 119.47 ± 23.35minutes.The mean time of RFA was 12 - 15minutes. One patient had a post-operative complication (trauma infection). All twenty patients had a positive Ki67 immunohistochemical staining mean value of 28.79 ± 21.42, before RFA. The post-RFA Ki67 expression was zero in sixteen patients. In three patients no residual tumor cells were found and in one patient the Ki67 expression was under five percent. Recurrence developed in zero patients, to date (follow up time: 22.5 ± 2.3 months).Conclusion: Ki67 evaluation is a targeting indicator of viability of malignant cells after lesion RFA of breast tumors. RFA is able to provide satisfactory local control in breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2106.
Sexual Dimorphism in Superantigen Shock Involves Elevated TNF-α and TNF-α–induced Hepatic Apoptosis
Authors: Lee Faulkner, Daniel M. Altmann, Stephan Ellmerich, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Gordon Stamp, Shiranee Sriskandan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

There is conflicting evidence regarding sex differences in the outcome from severe sepsis and toxic shock. Superantigen-mediated toxic shock affects a higher proportion of female patients.The objective of the current study was to investigate sexual dimorphism in superantigen-associated sepsis and in superantigen-mediated shock and to identify the key mechanisms responsible for this sex difference.We measured mortality and serum cytokines after induction of sepsis with isogenic superantigen-positive and superantigen-negative Streptococcus pyogenes in HLA class II transgenics. During superantigen-mediated toxic shock, we measured mortality, T-cell responses, systemic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF receptors, TNF-alpha-induced hepatocyte apoptosis, and conditioning of these responses by tamoxifen treatment.In both superantigen-associated sepsis and in superantigen-mediated shock, serum TNF-alpha was increased in females compared with males. This was not attributable to a detectable difference in splenic TNF-alpha transcription; rather, serum soluble TNF receptors were higher in males. Pretreatment of females with the estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen increased serum soluble TNF receptors, reduced the early serum TNF-alpha response, and improved mortality in females challenged with staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Lethal superantigen shock was characterized by hepatocyte apoptosis, and was reproduced by injection of TNF-alpha. Females had enhanced susceptibility to TNF-alpha-mediated lethality. TNF-alpha-induced hepatocyte apoptosis was greater in females, and was reduced by tamoxifen pretreatment.Sexual dimorphism in experimental superantigen toxic shock results from increased systemic TNF-alpha in females, coupled with an increased susceptibility to TNF-alpha-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Both processes are abrogated by estrogen receptor modulators.
Measurement of Parathyroid Hormone
Authors: ERIC REISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Editorial Notes1 December 1968Measurement of Parathyroid HormoneERIC REISS, M.D.ERIC REISS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-6-1325 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe development of radioimmunoassay techniques for measuring plasma concentration of peptide hormone has made possible many important conceptual advances in clinical endocrinology. Adaptation of these methods to parathyroid hormone (PTH) has proved difficult, but recent progress in several laboratories provides hope that the assay of PTH will be clinically useful in the foreseeable future (1-3).The following problems have delayed progress: [1] it has been difficult to produce antisera with sufficiently high affinity for PTH to make them suitable for assay work; [2] bovine and human PTH probably differ antigenically; [3] hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands may secrete not only one but...References1. BERSON SA and YALOW RS: Parathyroid hormone in plasma in adenomatous hyperparathyroidism, uremia and bronchogenic carcinoma. Science 154: 907, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SHERWOOD LM, O'RIORDAN JL, AURBACH GD, and POTTS JT: Production of parathyroid hormone by nonparathyroid tumors. J. Clin. Endocr. 27: 140, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. REISS E and CANTERBURY JM: A radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone in man. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 128: 501, 1968. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. REISS E, CANTERBURY JM, and BILINSKY RT: Unpublished data. Google Scholar5. BETHUNE JE and TURPIN RA: A study of urinary excretion of parathyroid hormone in man. J. Clin. Invest. 47: 1583, 1968. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. SHERWOOD LM, POTTS JT, CARE AD, HAYES GP, and AURBACH GD: Evaluation by radioimmunoassay of factors controlling the secretion of parathyroid hormone: intravenous infusions of calcium and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid in the cow and goat. Nature (London) 209: 52, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ERIC REISS, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNeoplasms of the BoneOde to an Indian Rhinoceros: Or the Evaluation and Preparation of Patients for Parathyroid SurgeryHyperparathyroidismHYPERCALCEMIA OF CANCERGEORGE C. SCHUSSLER, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 December 1968Volume 69, Issue 6Page: 1325-1326KeywordsAntigensAttentionBlood plasmaEndocrinologyForecastingParathyroidParathyroid hormonePeptide hormonesRadioimmunoassays ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Legalized Abortion in Eastern Europe
Authors: Roy J. Heffernan
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The increased use of legalized abortion in Eastern Europe recently reported inThe Journal(<b>175</b>:1149 [April 1] 1961) has no medical justification. Better management of the complications of obstetrics has nullified the traditional indications for therapeutic abortion. Well-regulated clinics and well-trained physicians in increasing numbers are consigning interruption of pregnancy, with craniotomy on the living child, to the limbo of discarded, destructive obstetrical operations. As for the "compelling socioeconomic reasons," one wonders how members of a profession dedicated to the saving of human life can be induced to cooperate in such a diabolical program. One of the most important precepts of the World Health Organization is, "I will maintain the utmost respect for human life from the time of conception; even under threat, I will not use my medical knowledge contrary to the laws of humanity." Surely these countries can find better ways of relieving social
Unconscious Crime: Mental Absence and Criminal Responsibility in Victorian London
Authors: H. J. Bursztajn
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The value of DALY life: problems with ethics and validity of disability adjusted life years
Authors: T. Arnesen, E. Nord
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) have been launched by the World Bank and backed by the World Health Organisation as a measure of the global burden of disease. 1 2 The aim is ambitious: “The burden of disease has yet to entirely replace traditional approaches to the assessment of health needs as an influence on political decision making.”3

Just like quality adjusted life years (QALYs), DALYs combine information about morbidity and mortality in numbers of healthy years lost. In the DALY approach, each state of health is assigned a disability weighting on a scale from zero (perfect health) to one (death) by an expert panel.2 To calculate the burden of a certain disease, the disability weighting is multiplied by the number of years lived in that health state and is added to the number of years lost due to that disease (figure) Future burdens are discounted at a rate of 3% per year, and the value of the lifetime is weighted so that years of life in childhood and old age are counted less.



DALYs and QALYs are complementary concepts. QALYs are years of healthy life lived; DALYs are years of healthy life lost. Both approaches multiply the number of years (x axis) by the quality of those years (y axis). QALYs use “utility” weights of health states; DALYs use “disability weights” to reflect the burden of the same states. For example, if the utility of deafness is 0.67, the disability weight of deafness is 1−0.67=0.33 Disregarding age weighting and discounting, and assuming life expectancy of 80 years, a deaf man living 50 years represents 0.67×50=33.4 QALYs gained and 0.33×50+30×1=46.6 DALYs lost



#### Summary points

DALYs (disability adjusted life years) have been launched by the World Bank and the World Health Organisation as a combined measure of morbidity and mortality

The …
Poetry and Medicine
Authors: Elspeth Cameron Ritchie
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US Congress tells FDA to regulate tobacco
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The US Congress has passed legislation giving the Food and Drug Administration the power to regulate tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco.

The different bills passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate have been reconciled and sent to President Barack Obama for his signature. The president, who has struggled to quit smoking, said he would sign the bill quickly.

The legislation was praised by the American Medical Association, the American Lung Association, and the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, among other groups.

Nancy Nielsen, president of the American Medical Association, said, “More than 400 000 Americans die needlessly every year as a direct result of tobacco use . . . The sad truth is that tobacco related deaths are the number …
Serodiagnosis of Recent Hepatitis B Infection by IgM Class Anti-HBc
Authors: Kurt H. Chau, Martha P. Hargie, Richard H. Decker, Isa K. Mushahwarand, Lacy R. Overby
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

time sequence, relative reactivity, and persistence of anti-HBc IgM were assessed in patients with HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis. A solid-phase immunoassay was developed using the IgM capture procedure with anti-m̈ated polystyrene beads. HBcAg was purified from serum Dane particles and used as a probe with 125I-labeled anti-HBc IgG. This immunoassay exhibited a pronounced prozoning phenomenon, and relative titers of sera differed widely depending upon the dilution of serum tested. When all sera were tested at 1:5,000 dilution, results were comparable in different patient groups. HBc IgM persisted at detectable levels for up to 2 years, and it was necessary to establish relative titers to discriminate current from remote infections. A cut-off assay value was established, and in 12 cases of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, antibody exceeded this value for about 6 months after onset of HBs antigenemia. A similar profile of anti-HBc IgM persistence was observed in seven patients who developed an HBsAg chronic carrier state. Long-term viral replication did not sustain elevated IgM class-specific antibody levels. studies suggest that anti-HBc IgM analyses may be useful for differentiating recent and current HBV infections from remote infections, eliminating HBV as the agent for non-A, non-B hepatitis in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, and detecting HBV as the etiologic agent during silent (HBsAg negative) infections.
Divine Healing — Home Care
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE British Medical Association recently published a report on divine healing that was prepared in response to a request from the Commission set up by the archbishops of Canterbury and York. The Commission was anxious to know whether the medical profession could produce evidence of spontaneous recoveries from apparently incurable diseases, or of accelerated recovery from serious illness, that followed such spiritual ministrations as the laying on of hands, unctions or healing services. They also asked for the medical profession's views on whether such practices ever caused patients to delay seeking medical advice.The committee of the Association that prepared . . .
Incidence of Tuberculosis in the United States among HIV-Infected Persons
Authors: Norman Markowitz, Nellie I. Hansen, Philip C. Hopewell, Jeffrey Glassroth, Paul A. Kvale, Bonita T. Mangura, Timothy C. Wilcosky, Jeanne M. Wallace, Mark J. Rosen, Lee B. Reichman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: The resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States is largely linked to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Despite this link, the epidemiology of tuberculosis and preventive strategies in patients infected with HIV are not completely understood. Objectives: To determine the incidence and predictors of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons. Design: Prospective, multicenter cohort study. Setting: Community-based cohort of persons with and without HIV infection at centers in the eastern, midwestern, and western United States. Participants: 1130 HIV-seropositive patients without AIDS who were followed for a median of 53 months (814 homosexual men, 261 injection drug users, and 55 women who had acquired HIV through heterosexual contact). Measurements: Delayed hypersensitivity response to purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin and mumps antigen, CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, and frequency of tuberculosis. Results: 31 HIV-seropositive patients developed tuberculosis (0.7 cases per 100 person-years [95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0]). The most important demographic risk factor was location (adjusted risk ratio for eastern compared with midwestern and western United States, 4.1 [CI, 2.0 to 8.4]). Tuberculosis occurred more frequently in persons with CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/mm3 (1.2 cases per 100 person-years [CI, 0.7 to 1.9]) than in those with higher counts (0.5 cases per 100 person-years [CI, 0.3 to 0.8]). The rate of tuberculosis was highest among tuberculin converters (5.4 cases per 100 person-years [CI, 1.1 to 15.7]), lower among patients who were PPD positive at first testing (4.5 cases per 100 person-years [CI, 1.6 to 9.7]), and lowest among patients who remained PPD negative (0.4 cases per 100 person-years [CI, 0.2 to 0.7]). Tuberculosis was not reported among persons who had PPD reactions of 1 to 4 mm. Compared with that of patients who tested positive for mumps, the risk for tuberculosis of those who tested negative was increased about sevenfold if they were PPD positive (P < 0.03) and fourfold if they were PPD negative (P < 0.02). Conclusions: Incidence of tuberculosis was higher in the eastern United States, in patients with CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/mm3, and in PPD-positive patients. Analysis of tuberculin reaction size supports the current interpretive criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nonreactivity to mumps antigen indicated increased risk for tuberculosis independent of PPD response.
THE EMPIRICAL DETERMINATION OF CERTAIN SYNDROMES UNDERLYING PRÆCOX AND MANIC-DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSES
Authors: Thomas Verner Moore
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1930)

(1) A technique, based upon Spearman's tetrad difference criterion, has been evolved for the empirical determination of the syndromes of psychiatry. (2) This technique has given in a purely empirical manner eight syndromes and their constituent symptoms. (1) The Syndrome of Cognitive Defect which is positively related to præcox conditions but, negatively, to manic-depressive. (2) The Catatonic Syndrome, probably the inhibitory phase of dementia praæcox. (3) The Uninhibited or Kinetic Syndrome, probably the excited phase of dementia præcox. (4) The Non-Euphoric Manic Syndrome, which is probably also a phase or form of dementia præcox. (5) The Euphoric Manic Syndrome, which is probably the underlying condition in the manic form of manic-depressive insanity. (6) The Delusional Hallucinatory Syndrome, also a factor in dementia præcox. (7) The Syndrome of Constitutional Hereditary Depression, which indicates an hereditary factor that attacks the controlling mechanism of emotional life or heightens emotivity, but leaves the cognitive general factor untouched. (8) The Syndrome of Retarded Depression, which is not as yet clearly differentiated. (3) Reasons are given for regarding these syndromes as neurological defects of a definite nature. (4) The measures used in the determination of the general factor can now be applied to the diagnosis of the above syndromes. The development of a procedure for doing this in a definite and simple manner is now in progress.
The need to teach inspiration
Authors: Mary E Black
Journal: BMJ (2011)

I don’t know my place. I never have. This has been both a strength and a weakness. I am driven more by curiosity and an interest in talking to people and understanding how they work than in moving smoothly through the levels of social or class convention or staying within the defined limits of a medical problem. Often I find myself in the wrong place, and I make mistakes.

I came to England in the 1980s, on a tidal wave of Irish junior doctors facing unemployment and few training opportunities at home. In comparison with the …
Dietary intake of schizophrenic patients in Nithsdale, Scotland: case-control study
Authors: R. McCreadie, E. Macdonald, C. Blacklock, D. Tilak-Singh, D. Wiles, J. Halliday, J. Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The move to community care means that most schizophrenic patients now live outside hospital.Patients in the community are supported in various ways-for example, through drugs and nursing support.However, schizophrenic patients die early, especially from cardiovascular disease, which is promoted by an inappropriate diet. 1 Are schizophrenic patients making faulty dietary choices?