tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blocking p38 signalling inhibits chondrogenesis <i>in vitro</i> but not ankylosis in a model of ankylosing spondylitis <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Kirsten Braem, Frank P Luyten, Rik J U Lories
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Objectives To investigate p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling in an in vitro model of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced chondrogenesis and in vivo , with specific attention to its potential role in ankylosing enthesitis. Methods Human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) were cultured in pellets and stimulated with BMP2 or TGFβ1 in the presence or absence of a p38 inhibitor SB203580 or proinflammatory cytokines. Chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated using quantitative PCR. Male DBA/1 mice from different litters were caged together at the age of 8 weeks and treated with SB203580 in both a preventive and therapeutic strategy. The mice were evaluated for prospective signs of arthritis and the toe joints were analysed histologically to assess disease severity. Results p38 inhibition by SB203580 and proinflammatory cytokines downregulated chondrogenic markers in pellet cultures stimulated by BMP2 or TGFβ1. In contrast, the in vivo experiments resulted in an increased clinical incidence of arthritis and pathology severity score, reflecting progression towards ankylosis in mice given SB203580. Conclusion Inhibition of p38 inhibited chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells, showing that not only the SMAD signalling pathways and also alternative activation of MAPKs including p38 contribute to chondrogenesis. Such an inhibitory effect is not found in an in vivo model of joint ankylosis and spondyloarthritis. Increased incidence and severity of disease in preventive experiments and shifts in disease stages in a therapeutic experimental set-up suggest that specific inhibition of p38 may have deleterious rather than beneficial effects.
Significance of non-lymphoid ('accessory') cells in malignant lymphomas and pseudolymphomas of the skin
Authors: J. SMOLLE, P. KAUDEWITZ, G. BURG, H. KRESBACH, H. KERL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

We investigated the co‐distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and non‐lymphoid ‘accessory’ cells in 35 cases of cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases (T‐cell lymphoma, 10 cases; B‐cell lymphoma, 17 cases; pseudolymphoma, 8 cases) using immunohistochemical methods. T‐zone histiocytes and particularly Langerhans cells were abundant in all cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas, but were also found in B‐cell lymphomas. T‐zone histiocytes were associated with T‐lymphocytes, especially T‐helper cells, but not with T‐suppressor cells. Dendritic reticulum cells were essentially confined to well differentiated germinal centres. Macrophages occurred in both lymphomas and pseudolymphomas without definite relationship with either B‐ or T ‐cells. In malignant lymphomas of high grade malignancy, macrophages represented the only non‐lymphoid cell type. Our results indicate that malignant lymphoid cells, like normal lymphocytes, require definite micro‐environments which are, at least in part, maintained by certain non‐lymphoid cells.
The oldest surviving arthroplasty?
Authors: P. R. Landham, N. Abbas, H. Jahnich
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

A 74-year-old lady presented with right hip pain and a history of hip dysplasia.She recalled having a 'hip replacement' at St Thomas' Hospital, London 48 years previously-only the second such procedure to be performed at that hospital.X-rays revealed a Smith-Petersen arthroplasty, 1 a forerunner to the Total Hip Replacement.
Neural Tube Defects
Authors: Nicholas D.E. Greene, Andrew J. Copp
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2014)

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are severe birth defects of the central nervous system that originate during embryonic development when the neural tube fails to close completely. Human NTDs are multifactorial, with contributions from both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic basis is not yet well understood, but several nongenetic risk factors have been identified as have possibilities for prevention by maternal folic acid supplementation. Mechanisms underlying neural tube closure and NTDs may be informed by experimental models, which have revealed numerous genes whose abnormal function causes NTDs and have provided details of critical cellular and morphological events whose regulation is essential for closure. Such models also provide an opportunity to investigate potential risk factors and to develop novel preventive therapies.
Reduced Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With Increased Arterial Stiffness in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mamta Jaiswal, Elaine M. Urbina, R. Paul Wadwa, Jennifer W. Talton, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Richard F. Hamman, Tasha E. Fingerlin, Stephen R. Daniels, Santica M. Marcovina, Lawrence M. Dolan, Dana Dabelea
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and increased arterial stiffness (AS) are both present in youth with type 1 diabetes. However, it is unclear whether they are associated and whether their association is independent of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.The SEARCH Cardiovascular Disease (SEARCH CVD) study explored the cross-sectional relationships between HRV and several measures of AS in youth with (n = 344) and without (n = 171) type 1 diabetes. The SphygmoCor device (AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia) was used to measure HRV using SD of normal R-R interval (SDNN), as well as AS, using pulse wave velocity in the carotid to femoral segment (PWV-trunk) and augmentation index adjusted to a heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx75). Brachial distensibility (BrachD), another index of AS, was measured with a DynaPulse instrument (Pulse Metric, San Diego, CA). Multiple linear regression analyses explored the associations between HRV and each of the three AS measures, after adjusting for demographic characteristics and traditional CVD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, obesity, microalbuminuria, and smoking) separately, for youth with and without type 1 diabetes.Among youth with type 1 diabetes, lower SDNN was associated with peripheral AS (lower BrachD, P = 0.01; r(2) = 0.30) and central AS (higher PVW-trunk, P < 0.0001; r(2) = 0.37; and higher AIx75, P = 0.007; r(2) = 0.08). These associations were attenuated with adjustment for CVD risk factors, but remained statistically significant for BrachD and PWV-trunk. While a similar association between HRV and BrachD was present in control youth, lower HRV was not associated with increased central AS or with AIx75.Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the pathways responsible for these associations.
Coexistence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy and aortic valve disease in adults.
Authors: M V Raj, V Srinivas, I M Graham, D W Evans
Journal: Thorax (1979)

<h3>Objective.</h3> To study which adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) benefit from psychological intervention, and what is the best moment for it. <h3>Methods.</h3> In 3 months, 28 adolescents with JIA and 14 healthy adolescents as a control group received psychological intervention with the Self-confrontation Method (SCM), which combines the personal narrative with its affective structure. The adolescents with JIA were split into groups with low health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and high HRQOL. The Child Health Questionnaire, Checklist Individual Strength, and Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire were used to measure fatigue and physical and psychosocial functioning at baseline, and at 3 months and 9 months after baseline. <h3>Results.</h3> Adolescents with JIA and low HRQOL at baseline reported less fatigue and better HRQOL after psychological intervention. These changes could not be explained by changes in disease activity. Low HRQOL at baseline was associated with a more recent onset of JIA, higher levels of pain, more severe physical disability, and higher levels of fatigue. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> Two-thirds of adolescents with JIA function well before and after psychological intervention. One-third of adolescents with JIA reporting low HRQOL at baseline benefit from guided self-reflections and should be the focus of psychological intervention. The most effective moment for this psychological intervention is when the adolescent reports difficulties in HRQOL.
Effects of Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Neurobehavioral Outcomes in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Carole L. Marcus, Jerilynn Radcliffe, Sofia Konstantinopoulou, Suzanne E. Beck, Mary Anne Cornaglia, Joel Traylor, Natalie DiFeo, Laurie R. Karamessinis, Paul R. Gallagher, Lisa J. Meltzer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Positive airway pressure therapy is frequently used to treat obstructive sleep apnea in children. However, it is not known whether positive airway pressure therapy results in improvements in the neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with childhood sleep apnea.We hypothesized that positive airway pressure therapy would be associated with improvements in attention, sleepiness, behavior, and quality of life, and that changes would be associated with therapy adherence.Neurobehavioral assessments were performed at baseline and after 3 months of positive airway pressure therapy in a heterogeneous group of 52 children and adolescents.Adherence varied widely (mean use, 170 ± 145 [SD] minutes per night). Positive airway pressure therapy was associated with significant improvements in attention deficits (P < 0.001); sleepiness on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (P < 0.001); behavior (P < 0.001); and caregiver- (P = 0.005) and child- (P < 0.001) reported quality of life. There was a significant correlation between the decrease in Epworth Sleepiness Scale at 3 months and adherence (r = 0.411; P = 0.006), but not between other behavioral outcomes and adherence. Behavioral factors also improved in the subset of children with developmental delays.These results indicate that, despite suboptimal adherence use, there was significant improvement in neurobehavioral function in children after 3 months of positive airway pressure therapy, even in developmentally delayed children. The implications for improved family, social, and school function are substantial. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00458406).
Allergic rhinitis and asthma comorbidity in a survey of young adults in Italy
Authors: M. Bugiani, A. Carosso, E. Migliore, P. Piccioni, A. Corsico, M. Olivieri, M. Ferrari, P. Pirina, R. De Marco
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Several studies have provided evidence of a strong association between asthma and allergic or nonallergic rhinitis, leading to the hypothesis that allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma represent a continuum of the same disease. Aim: The aims of our study were: (i) to measure the comorbidity of AR and asthma and asthma‐like symptoms and (ii) to assess whether asthma, AR, and their coexistence share a common pattern of individual risk factors. Methods: The subjects are participants from the Italian multicentre, cross‐sectional survey on respiratory symptoms in the young adult general population (Italian Study of Asthma in Young Adults, ISAYA). The relationship between individual risk factors and asthma, AR and their coexistence, was studied by means of a multinomial logistic regression. Results: About 60% of asthmatics reported AR. On the other hand, subjects with AR presented an eightfold risk of having asthma compared to subjects without AR. Age was negatively associated with asthma [OR = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82–0.96], AR (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98), and asthma associated with AR (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.79–0.88). The risk of AR without asthma was significantly higher in the upper social classes (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08–1.39). Active current smoking exposure was positively associated with asthma alone (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.41) and negatively associated with AR with (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54–0.88) or without (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69–0.84) asthma. Conclusions: Asthma and AR coexist in a substantial percentage of patients; bronchial asthma and AR, when associated, seem to share the same risk factors as AR alone while asthma without AR seems to be a different condition, at least with respect to some relevant risk factors.
Evolution of Renal Hyperfiltration and Arterial Stiffness From Adolescence Into Early Adulthood in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: David Z.I. Cherney, Etienne B. Sochett
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To determine, in a small but carefully physiologically characterized cohort of subjects with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes, the changes in renal hemodynamic function and arterial stiffness that occur over time as the participants transitioned from adolescence into early adulthood. The classical paradigm for type 1 diabetes suggests that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines in patients with renal hyperfiltration, but the natural history of peripheral vascular function abnormalities in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes is less well understood, particularly as patients transition from adolescence to early adulthood.Renal hemodynamic function (inulin and p-aminohippuric acid clearance), blood pressure, arterial stiffness (radial augmentation index), albumin excretion, and circulating renin-angiotensin system measures were obtained during clamped euglycemia at baseline and at follow-up 6.8 ± 2.5 years later in 10 patients with hyperfiltration (GFR ≥135 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and in 8 with normofiltration.Compared with baseline values, GFR (171 ± 20 to 120 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and filtration fraction (FF, 0.24 ± 0.06 to 0.18 ± 0.03) declined in hyperfilterers (ANOVA P ≤ 0.033), and renal vascular resistance increased (0.0678 ± 0.0135 to 0.0783 ± 0.0121 mmHg/L/min, P = 0.017). GFR and FF did not change in normofiltering subjects. In contrast, the radial augmentation index decreased in hyperfiltering (1.2 ± 11.7 to -11.0 ± 7.8%) and normofiltering (14.3 ± 14.0 to 2.5 ± 14.6%) subjects (within-group changes, ANOVA P ≤ 0.030). The decline in circulating aldosterone levels was similar in both groups.During the transition from adolescence to early adulthood, hyperfiltration is not sustained in subjects with type 1 diabetes, whereas GFR remains stable in normofiltering subjects. Our findings suggest early normofiltration may predict stable renal function. In contrast, arterial stiffness decreased in all patients regardless of filtration status, suggesting that age-related increases in arterial stiffness occur at older ages.
TCT-222 Reperfusion Success, Infarct Size and Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elias Sanidas, Sorin Brener, Akiko Maehara, Philippe Genereux, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Magdi El-Omar, Ke Xu, Martin Fahy, Roxana Mehran, C. Michael Gibson, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Double-Blind Study of Antiemetic Therapy
Authors: W. J. Russell Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To  Editor:—  It is to be hoped human drug trials, present and future, will be viewed with a more critical eye than has been  case in  past. I am writing regarding A Controlled Double-Blind Study of Trimethobenzamide, Prochlorperazine and Pacebo ( 196 :796, 1966), by Dr. Philip Bardfeld.  The author found no significant differences between saline and  trimethobenzamide, but made a strong statistical point about the difference between  prochlorperazine and  placebo. I feel that any impression given by  author that prochlorperazine was almost significantly better than placebo should be corrected. The author's calculation of chi-square is in error, leading as it does to a P value between 0.07 and 0.08. This error arises from a failure to make a continuity correction which is necessary in 2 × 2 chi-square tables. Rather than  author's 3.25,  correct chi-square value is 2.37 which corresponds to
Occupational type I allergy to Christmas cactus (<i>Schlumbergera</i>)
Authors: E. Paulsen, P. Stahl Skov, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, V. Voitenko, L. K. Poulsen
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The study aimed to determine whether occupational contact urticaria and symptoms of mucous membranes, reported by five workers in a cactus nursery, were due to IgE‐mediated allergy to Schlumbergera cacti. The five persons had positive skin prick tests to the plants as is and positive histamine‐release tests, and in three of them specific IgE to the cacti could be demonstrated by Maxisorp RAST and immunoblotting. Four of the patients were atopic, and the fifth had a positive skin prick test to cat dander, indicating latent atopy. Skin prick tests with cacti were negative in most atopic volunteers, and all had negative histamine‐release tests. The results suggest a true IgE‐mediated allergy to the cacti, and both genetic predisposition and close contact with the plants at work seem to be important factors in the emergence of this new occupational allergy.
Endothelial cell adhesion in real time. Measurements in vitro by tandem scanning confocal image analysis.
Authors: P F Davies, A Robotewskyj, M L Griem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Real time measurements of cell-substratum adhesion in endothelial cells were obtained by tandem scanning confocal microscopy of sites of focal contact (focal adhesions) at the abluminal cell surface. Focal contact sites were sharply defined (low radiance levels) in the living cell such that the images could be enhanced, digitized, and isolated from other cellular detail. Sites of focal contact are the principal determinant of cell-substratum adhesion. Measurements of (a) the focal contact area and (b) the closeness of contact (inverse radiance) were used to nominally define the adhesion of a single cell or field of cells, and to record spontaneous and induced changes of cell adhesion in real time. The topography of focal contacts was estimated by calculating separation distances from radiance values using a calibration technique based on interference ring optics. While slightly closer contact was noted between the cell membrane and substratum at or near the center of each focal contact, separation distances throughout the adhesion regions were always < 50 nm. Subtraction of consecutive images revealed continuous spontaneous remodeling of individual focal adhesions in unperturbed cells during periods of < 1 min. Despite extensive remodeling of focal contact sites, however, cell adhesion calculated for an entire cell over extended periods varied by < 10%. When cytoskeletal stability was impaired by exposure to cytochalasin or when cells were exposed to proteolytic enzyme, endothelial adhesion declined rapidly. Such changes were recorded at the level of single cells, groups of cells, and at single focal adhesions. In both unperturbed and manipulated cells, the dynamics of remodeling and cell adhesion characteristics varied greatly between individual sites within the same cell; disappearance of existing sites and appearance of new ones often occurred within minutes while adjacent sites underwent minimal remodelling. Tandem scanning confocal microscopy image analysis of living cells in real time provides repetitive spatial, temporal, and quantitative information about cell adhesion. Such an approach should allow more precise quantitative analyses to be made of the interactions between extracellular matrix, adhesion proteins, integrins, and the cytoskeleton in the living cell.
Early Assessment of Myocardial Viability by the Use of Delayed Enhancement Computed Tomography After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Gastón A. Rodriguez-Granillo, Miguel A. Rosales, Santiago Baum, Paola Rennes, Carlos Rodriguez-Pagani, Valeria Curotto, Carlos Fernandez-Pereira, Claudio Llaurado, Gustavo Risau, Elina Degrossi, Hernán C. Doval, Alfredo E. Rodriguez
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Elevated Concentrations of Soluble E-Selectin and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in NIDDM: Effect of intensive insulin treatment
Authors: Jean-Paul Albertini, Paul Valensi, Boris Lormeau, Marie-Hélène Aurousseau, Francoise Ferrière, Jean-Raymond Attali, Liliane Gattegno
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a 14-day intensive insulin therapy and short-term improvement of glycemic control on serum levels of soluble forms of adhesion molecules, i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and E-selectin (sE-selectin) in NIDDM patients with poor glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 16 NIDDM patients were compared with 23 healthy subjects (control group) and investigated before and after intensive insulin treatment. RESULTS On day 0, sE-selectin and sVCAM-1 levels were significantly higher in NIDDM patients than in nondiabetic control subjects (median 87, range 63–115; median 544, range 408–797 vs. 58, 43–80; 443, 395–573 ng/ml, respectively) (P &amp;lt; 0.008 in both cases). On day 15, the fall in sE-selectin levels was significant (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and at a lesser extent in sVCAM-1 levels (64, 48–85; 506, 417–678 ng/ml, respectively); these levels reached values that no longer differed from those of control subjects (P = 0.23 and 0.15, respectively). Moreover, the fall in sE-selectin was positively associated with the change in LDL cholesterol and the improvement of glycemia. CONCLUSIONS In poorly controlled NIDDM patients, sE-selectin levels are increased and significantly fall to normal after short-term improvement of glycemic control. This suggests that assaying sE-selectin makes it possible to detect endothelium activation and to follow its reversal with euglycemia.
The Ghrelin Agonist RM-131 Accelerates Gastric Emptying of Solids and Reduces Symptoms in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Andrea Shin, Michael Camilleri, Irene Busciglio, Duane Burton, Steven A. Smith, Adrian Vella, Michael Ryks, Deborah Rhoten, Alan R. Zinsmeister
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
A TRPV Channel in Drosophila Motor Neurons Regulates Presynaptic Resting Ca2+ Levels, Synapse Growth, and Synaptic Transmission
Authors: Ching-On Wong, Kuchuan Chen, Yong Qi Lin, Yufang Chao, Lita Duraine, Zhongmin Lu, Wan Hee Yoon, Jeremy M. Sullivan, Geoffrey T. Broadhead, Charlotte J. Sumner, Thomas E. Lloyd, Gregory T. Macleod, Hugo J. Bellen, Kartik Venkatachalam
Journal: Neuron (2014)