tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced unloaded sarcomere shortening velocity and a shift to a slower myosin isoform in acute murine coxsackievirus myocarditis.
Authors: B B Hamrell, S A Huber, K O Leslie
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

We developed a mouse myocardial preparation to study cellular dysfunction in acute coxsackievirus myocarditis. Thin right ventricular papillary muscles from normal mice (n = 8) were compared with muscles from mice 7 days after coxsackievirus infection (n = 7). Sarcomere shortening was studied with laser diffraction (HeNe, lambda = 623.8 nm). A servomotor was used to shorten a muscle until slack early in isometric contraction. Unloaded sarcomere shortening velocity (Vo) was measured at the start of zero force at slack length. Vo was independent of the extent of slack release and was the same as that estimated with an isotonic force-sarcomere shortening velocity relation. Resting muscle stiffness was calculated from shortening perturbations in resting muscles. The histology of some papillary muscles (normal, n = 4; infected, n = 3) was studied. There was no ventricular hypertrophy. Resting sarcomere length (SL) in infected preparations (2.11 +/- 0.07 micron) (mean +/- 1 SD) was the same as in normal preparations (2.11 +/- 0.08 micron). In isometric twitches in normal and infected muscles, total peak force (4.31 +/- 1.07 and 3.77 +/- 1.86 g/mm2, respectively) resting force (0.81 +/- 0.37 and 0.81 +/- 0.35 g/mm2, respectively), and time to peak force (129.5 +/- 20.3 and 125.2 +/- 13.0 milliseconds, respectively) were not significantly different. Vo was 4.14 +/- 0.84 micron/s in normal muscles at an SL of 2.08 +/- 0.09 micron and 1.70 +/- 0.33 micron/s in infected muscles at an SL of 2.06 +/- 0.08 micron. Resting stiffness was the same for normal and infected muscles. There was inflammation but no fibrosis or necrosis. Thus, Vo was depressed early in acute viral myocarditis without hypertrophy, myocyte necrosis, fibrosis, or altered resting stiffness. Pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis showed a shift from predominantly fast to slow myosin isoforms. Apparently, there is remodeling of the contractile apparatus early in acute coxsackievirus myocarditis that is caused either by the direct effects of the virus or the immune response.
Laparoscopic vs Open Ventral Hernia Repair in the Era of Obesity
Authors: Justin Lee, Allan Mabardy, Reza Kermani, Marvin Lopez, Nicole Pecquex, Anthony McCluney
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

This study analyzes a role of laparoscopy in obese patients with ventral hernia.To evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic compared with open ventral hernia repair (VHR) in obese patients.Retrospective cohort analysis.Nationwide hospital survey.Obese patients undergoing VHR from 2008 through 2009 were selected from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database.Data analysis included intraoperative and postoperative complications, length of stay, and total hospital charges. Additional patient demographics, including insurance, median income, and locations, were analyzed.Of the 47,661 obese patients who underwent VHR during the study period, laparoscopic VHR increased more than 4-fold, from 1547 of 23,917 (6.5%) to 6629 of 23,704 (28.0%) (P < .001). Laparoscopic VHR was associated with a lower overall complication rate (6.3% vs 13.7%; P < .001), shorter median length of stay (3 vs 4 days; P < .001), and lower mean total hospital charges ($40,387 vs $48,513; P < .001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified a predictive variable for laparoscopic VHR: private insurance (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15-1.27; P < .001). Ventral hernias with a gangrenous bowel were less likely to undergo laparoscopic VHR (odds ratio, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06-0.34; P < .001).In the era of laparoscopy, the overall use of laparoscopic VHR in obese patients has increased significantly and appears to be safe, with a shorter stay and a lower cost of care.
Urinary Excretion of Fibrinogen-related Materials, Complement, and Immunoglobulins in Proliferative Glomerulonephritis and after Renal Transplantation
Authors: M. S. Hoq, J. L. Anderton, M. Cunningham, J. D. Cash
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Using a radial immunodiffusion technique we measured the urinary concentration of material related to complement (C3), IgM, and IgG along with fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products and heterophile (sheep) haemagglutinins in 15 patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis and in 10 patients after renal transplantation. There was a significant correlation between all variables measured, and serial studies showed that with the exception of IgG-related materials potentially useful information could be obtained on the detection of rejection and the response to treatment in both conditions. The significance of these observations is discussed.
NEUROLOGIC PROGRESS IN AMERICA.
Authors: C. H. HUGHES
Journal: JAMA (1897)

America has contributed much to the creation of modern neurology, especially to neuriatry or clinical neurology. By the term neurology I include normal neurology and abnormal neurology, which I term neuriaty, and psychology and its opposite morbid aspects psychiatry. In this great historic city one of its most honored names in medical and political history, Dr. Benjamin Rush, was the pioneer psychiatrist and neuriatrist<sup>1</sup>(if you will permit the coinage of this word) of the century. The consideration of mental aberration received much attention at his hands. It was here that insanity first had a hospital set apart to its victims, and inebriety was treated as a disease under the name oinomania. This great physician and statesman made a study of alcoholism, its causes and consequences and boldly proclaimed it the drink disease in advance of all the world, just as Ephraim McDowell in Kentucky had boldly cut into
Surgical treatment for infective endocarditis in elderly patients
Authors: N. Ramírez-Duque, E. García-Cabrera, R. Ivanova-Georgieva, M. Noureddine, J.M. Lomas, C. Hidalgo-Tenorio, A. Plata, J. Gálvez-Acebal, J. Ruíz-Morales, J. de la Torre-Lima, J.M. Reguera, F.J. Martínez-Marcos, A. de Alarcón
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Effects of Dietary <scp>l</scp> -Arginine on Atherosclerosis and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatationin the Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit
Authors: Richmond W. Jeremy, Hugh McCarron, David Sullivan
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) may protect arteries against atherosclerosis. In the present study, we examined whether dietary L-arginine, the precursor of NO, could chronically preserve endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in vivo and/or limit atherogenesis.Rabbits were randomized according to sex to receive 2% dietary cholesterol, with or without L-arginine (2.25% solution), for 7 or 14 weeks. Hindlimb vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and nitroprusside were measured with an electromagnetic flow probe. Atherosclerosis was measured with planimetry of aortic lesions stained with Oil-Red-O. In rabbits administered L-arginine, plasma arginine levels increased to 483 +/- 30 mumol/L at 3 weeks (mean +/- SEM, P < .0001 versus control animals) but declined to 224 +/- 25 mumol/L at 7 weeks (P = .02) and to 100 +/- 23 mumol/L at 14 weeks (NS versus control animals). At 7 weeks, peak hindlimb conductance in response to acetylcholine in cholesterol-fed males was 249 +/- 49% of baseline compared with 332 +/- 9% in control animals (P = .04), but peak response in arginine-fed rabbits (314 +/- 24%) did not differ from that of control animals. At 14 weeks, peak responses to acetylcholine were equally reduced in males fed cholesterol with (266 +/- 21%, P = .02 versus control) or without (263 +/- 13%, P = .01 versus control) L-arginine. Similar impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was seen in females at 14 weeks. Vasodilator responses to nitroprusside did not differ from those of control animals in any treatment group. After 14 weeks, atherosclerosis was less in the descending aorta of arginine-fed males (16 +/- 4% surface area) than that of males fed cholesterol only (42 +/- 8%, P = .04), but no treatment benefit was seen in the ascending aorta or in females.Dietary L-arginine supplementation causes an early rise in plasma arginine levels, with limitation of atherosclerosis in the descending aorta and preservation of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in resistance arteries, but this treatment effect is not sustained. Dietary L-arginine may not be of long-term benefit in the prevention of atherosclerosis in humans.
Impact of Metformin on Glucose Metabolism in Nondiabetic, Obese African Americans
Authors: Dara Schuster, Trudy Gaillard, Scott Rhinesmith, Diane Habash, Kuame Osei
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

everal clinical trials (1) have demonstrated that vitamin E does not reduce future major cardiovascular (CV) events.However, these trials could not rule out the potential benefit for highrisk subgroups.Diabetic individuals who are homozygous for the haptoglobin 2 allele (Hp 2-2) are at high risk for CV events (2-4); moreover, the Hp 2-2 protein product is an inferior antioxidant compared with the Hp 1 allele (5).We therefore hypothesized that vitamin E may reduce CV events in Hp 2-2 diabetic individuals.Hp type was measured in 3,167 participants (1,078 with diabetes) of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial, which evaluated the 4.5year effects of 400 IU vitamin E daily on the primary composite of CV death, myocardial infarction, and stroke (1).No significant benefit of vitamin E supplementation was detected in either the entire group or in the diabetic subset, consistent with what was previously reported for the entire HOPE cohort (1).In Hp 2-2 diabetic participants, there was a trend toward a reduced primary composite outcome (relative risk 0.70 [95% CI 0.45-1.10])and a statistically significant reduction in the risk of CV death (0.45 [0.23-0.90])and nonfatal myocardial infarction (0.57 [0.33-0.97]).However, this trend was not observed for strokes (1.15 [0.47-2.82]),and there was no statistical interaction between vitamin E use and haptoglobin type for either the composite outcome or any of its components.In conclusion, the absence of any statistical interaction indicates that these data do not support the hypothesis that the effects of vitamin E differed by Hp phenotype.Therefore, the results noted above in Hp 2-2 diabetic individuals demonstrating a significant reduction in CV death and myocardial infarction could be spurious and clearly require prospective testing in future trials.
An Olympic Medical Legacy
Authors: John D. Cantwell
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The Olympic Games date back at least 2700 years, when a young Greek cook named Coroebus planted his feet at the starting blocks of stone and dashed 200 m for the olive wreath. In the first 52 years, that single race was the only Olympic event.<sup>1</sup>In the years to follow, the distance was lengthened, and other athletic events were added, along with cultural contests featuring music, art, and poetry. The Olympic Games became a celebration of the total human potential, for the Greeks placed great emphasis on the development of body, mind, and spirit. In AD 393, the Roman Emperor Theodosius terminated the Olympics after 1000 years, deeming the event a pagan festival. It wasn't until 1500 years later, and thanks to the vision and determination of a French baron, Pierre de Coubertin, that the Olympic flame was rekindled. As we celebrate the centennial of the modern games
Abstract 3735: Mathematical modeling of the inflammatory breast cancer age-patterns indicates its unique biology
Authors: Dora Il'yasova, Igor Akushevich, Sharareh Siamakpour-Reihani, Neil Spector, Joellen Schildkraut
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most fatal form of breast cancer (BC) with unknown etiology. IBC is characterized by rapid onset (3-6 month) with unusual clinical presentation (redness, edema, warmth, and pain), sometimes without an underlying tumor mass, whereas non-inflammatory BC most often presents as painless breast mass. IBC also presents with higher nuclear grade, more frequent involvement of lymph nodes, and negative hormone receptor status than non-inflammatory locally-advanced BC (NI-LABC). Finally, the incidence age-pattern of IBC has been shown to be distinctly different from NI-LABC. The differences in the cancer incidence age-patterns, as hypothesized by Armitage and Doll, reflect different number of successive cellular transitions necessary for the development of a clinically significant malignancy. We used extended Armitage-Doll model and SEER data for 2004-2007 to describe age-patterns of IBC and NI-LABC incidence and to estimate the number of cellular transitions involved in the development of these two BC types. Also, it was important to compare earlier described IBC age-patterns to the most recent as coding of IBC has been changed since 2004. Methods: Using SEER data for 2004-2007, we estimated age-specific incidence rates of IBC and NI-LABC for ages 20-84. IBC cases were defined as having Common Stage Extension Codes 71-73. Incidence rates were modeled using extended Armitage-Doll model with four parameters reflecting the baseline hazard, the number cellular transitions, and properties of the distribution of individual predisposition. Results and Conclusions: As expected, IBC incidence age-pattern was distinctly different from that of NI-LABC and similar to the earlier described by Hance et al. Specifically, the IBC incidence increased with age and peaked between ages 50 and 60 with obvious deceleration after 60. In contrast, NI-LABC incidence continued to increase after 50 years of age without a peak or deceleration. The number of estimated cellular transitions was ∼7 for IBC and ∼ 9 for NI-LABC; this difference in cellular transition number was statistically significant. In theory, each transition represents a distinct stage with a rate-limiting event. We discuss different interpretations of the lower transition steps estimated for IBC in light of its unique presentation and age-pattern. Finally, the similarity of age-patterns with the previously published analysis of SEER data confirms the validity the new definition of IBC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3735. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3735
P119Changes of the late sodium current and the inward rectifier potassium current can contribute to generation of arrhythmias in heart failure
Authors: B Horvath, T Banyasz, Z Jian, KS Ginsburg, J Bossuyt, LT Izu, DM Bers, L Belardinelli, Y Chen-Izu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Arrhythmias are important mortality factors in heart failure. These arrhythmias are generated by the electrical remodeling of the myocardium. The aim of this study was to describe the cellular electrophysiological changes in the left ventricular myocardium accompanying heart failure.
"Great men" need not apply
Authors: S. Kraemer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Delamothe’s observations on leadership assume agreement on what we are talking about.1 Leadership is not an option in any organisation: it has to happen. The question is, how should it operate?

Nearly 70 years ago army psychiatrists and psychologists, later associated with the Tavistock Clinic and Institute, introduced the “leaderless group” method of selecting officers for the next phase of the second world …
Molecular Diagnosis of the Inherited Long-QT Syndrome in a Woman Who Died after Near-Drowning
Authors: Michael J. Ackerman, David J. Tester, Co-burn J. Porter, William D. Edwards
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Drowning accounts for more accidental deaths in children and adolescents than all other causes except motor vehicle accidents.1–3 Many of these fatalities are attributed to lack of supervision, trauma, alcohol or drug use, or seizures. However, an appreciable number of drownings have no satisfactory explanation. In these situations, cardiac arrhythmias, particularly those associated with the long-QT syndrome, may be an important consideration. The long-QT syndrome comprises a group of genetically distinct arrhythmogenic cardiovascular disorders, each resulting from a mutation in one of five genes encoding cardiac ion channels or auxiliary ion-channel subunits: KVLQT1 (at the LQT1 locus), HERG (at . . .
CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATING PATIENTS WITH CHEST PAIN IN A CHEST PAIN UNIT COMPARED WITH ROUTINE CARE
Authors: Elad Asher, Nir Shlomo, Roy Beigel, Michael Naroditsky, Ronen Goldkorn, Orly Goitein, Ari Shamiss, Hanoch Hod, Haim Reuveni, Shlomi Matetzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Delayed Traumatic Intracerebral Haemorrhage
Authors: C. P. Symonds
Journal: BMJ (1940)

MEDICLE BURNALgiven in the preceding table were taken on capillary blood.Those described as "after plasma " were taken five to fifteen minutes after the transfusion was completed.The mean-corpuscular-volume estimations were made at the same time but on venous blood.Each of the cases was given 500 c.cm. of plasma saline, twenty-five to thirty-five minutes being taken over the transfusion.The following patient (Case 16) was given one litre oi plasma, and made the most dramatic response I have yet seen.I first saw her at the end of operation, when a cerebellar tumour the size of a tangerine had been removed.She had lost a large amount of blood and was in a very bad condition-very pale and with no palpable pulse.After 600 c.cm. had been given in thirty minutes her colour had improved and her pulse had not only retuirned but registered a systolic pressure of 98 mm. 2.30.. 3,150,000 Case 16 2.55 ' 3 000 600 c.cm. plasma from 2.30 to 3.0 Post-operative 3 45 3,3950000 400 c.cm. plasma from 3.0 to 4.0 5.00 ..
THE RADICAL TREATMENT OF DISEASE OF THE HIP-JOINT.
Authors: CHARLES G. PLUMMER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

During the past two or three decades we have learned much in the treatment of disease of the hipjoint. Some of our knowledge is the direct result of years of research, yet more has the freshness and nearness of the teachings of men of our own age. The equipment of recent graduates in the theoretic treatment of this class of ailments is immense, but what they lack is the illustrated application. This we call experience. It is that something which we do not attain didactically—it only comes by personal contact. This fact holds equally good with almost any subject we might mention, but it is especially impressed upon our minds with reference to surgical procedures. Thére was a time—and it is not so far in the past that we can not witness living examples of the fact— when cases of hip-joint disease went unrecognized. I do not say they do
Effect of intravenous iron-dextran (Imferon) infusion on antigen induced monarticular arthritis in rabbits.
Authors: C N Kind, A Blackham, C J Morris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The effect of intravenously infused iron-dextran (Imferon) on the progression of antigen induced monarticular arthritis in rabbits was studied. A rapid deposition of iron and apoferritin in the synovia of arthritis joints occurred after infusion of iron-dextran during either the acute or chronic phases of the disease. This coincided with the appearance of catalytic (bleomycin reactive) iron in the synovial fluid. There was no evidence, however, for an exacerbation of the antigen induced arthritis as a result of the iron-dextran, and synovial and bleomycin reactive iron concentrations decreased with time after administration, indicating a redistribution of the synovial iron load. Thus although intravenously infused iron-dextran appears to 'prime' the rabbit arthritic joint transiently with the potential for iron stimulated oxygen free radical damage, other factors may determine its occurrence.
Apert's syndrome and androgen receptor staining of the basal cells of sebaceous glands
Authors: C.A HENDERSON, H. KNAGGS, A. CLARK, A.S. HIGHET, W.J CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report two cases of Apert's syndrome, each of whom developed the severe acne in adolescence which is a feature of this disorder. Both responded to isotretinoin therapy. Immunohistochemical techniques, using a mouse monoclonal antibody, were employed to stain sebocyte androgen receptors in the two patients, and in five controls. This showed no difference in the number of cells with androgen receptor expression between the patients with Apert's syndrome and controls. These results support the concept that the underlying problem in Apert's syndrome is an abnormal sensitivity to normal circulating levels of androgens, and not an excess number of androgen receptors.
Is Medicine Still an Art?
Authors: Truman G. Schnabel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

IN the 1920s, when I was a young boy, my father's practice was typical of any internist's at that time. His office occupied most of the ground floor of our home on Pine Street in Philadelphia, which like Harley Street in London, provided office space for many physicians. There was a waiting room, his own office, several examining rooms, a laboratory, a darkroom, and a medical library. The laboratory was equipped with a microscope, centrifuge, Bunsen burners, pipettes, and shelves filled with chemical reagents. It was not uncommon for my father to return from a house call and retire to . . .
Anaphylactoid Reaction to Penicillins V and G Administered Orally
Authors: Herman C. Maganzini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IT is now well known and frequently reported that anaphylactic reactions to parenteral injections of penicillin occur1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and that the mortality may be as high as 30 per cent.1 , 6 There is, however, less awareness of the fact that this type of reaction can also be caused by tablets,8 9 10 11 12 13 14 lozenges,15 , 16 aerosol spray,4 paranasal-sinus irrigation,17 , 18 ophthalmic ointment,19 contaminated syringes20 , 21 and skin testing.20 21 22 A review of the medical literature in English up to the present time reveals 9 cases actually reported and 2 others8 , 14 alluded to that were due to oral tablets, in addition to 2 cases due to lozenges (Table 1).The . . .