tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morrell Henry Draper
Authors: John Duffus
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer toxicologist International Programme on Chemical Safety (b Adelaide, Australia, 1921; q Adelaide 1944; PhD, OBE, FRSE), d 1 October 2005.



Figure 1



After posts in Edinburgh and London Morrell Draper became medical officer and then senior medical officer to the division of toxicology and environmental protection at the Department of Health and Social Security. Here he was largely responsible for compiling the draft guidelines on mutagenicity testing of new drugs issued by the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products. Morrell moved on to the International Programme on Chemical Safety, where he started a programme to introduce more education in the science of toxicology and produced a number of environmental health criteria documents, regarded as among the most reliable sources of toxicological information. After retirement Morrell became a consultant in toxicology to the Health and Safety Directorate of the European Commission. He leaves a wife, Mary; four children; and seven grandchildren.
AZORUBIN-BINDING CAPACITY AND PROTEIN COMPOSITION OF SERUM OF RATS SUBJECTED TO TOURNIQUET SHOCK AND TO TREATMENT WITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Authors: Ulrich Westphal, Robert DeArmond, Stanley G. Priest, John F. Stets
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

The cause of a decreased azorubin-binding capacity (ABC) of serum albumin, previously observed in humans under certain pathological conditions (1), is not known. The present paper is part of an experimental study into the mechanism of a lowering of the ABC (2). It describes the production of decreased ABC values of serum albumin of rats by subjecting them to tourniquet shock or to treatment with carbon tetrachloride. In addition, the serum protein composition of these experimental rats, was analyzed, since changes in the protein metabolism have been observed in traumatic shock (3, 3a).
A METHOD OF PALPATING THE LOBES OF THE THYROID
Authors: FRANK H. LAHEY
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The method of palpating the thyroid lobes presented here was developed by me and is based on the following facts: The thyroid gland is fixed only at one point, its attachment to the trachea at its isthmus. Its lateral lobes are freely movable, so much so that when lifted from their beds by the finger inserted behind them,<sup>1</sup>they may be almost completely inverted. In this position, as I have many times demonstrated, the only fixed attachment of the gland is at the isthmus, the two lateral lobes hanging free as thick wings of thyroid tissue. The usual anterior palpation of the thyroid gives information only as to its anterior surface, and when the lateral lobes are small, one may not be able to palpate them at all, as they sink back into their pockets beside the trachea and esophagus. The usual methods of palpation give little information as
Locum's errors prompt review
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Hospitals in Britain have been advised to apply “more robust standards” when appointing locums after investigations into numerous diagnostic errors by Dr Samuel Kiberu while he was working as a locum consultant histopathologist at two hospitals, in Grantham and Bassetlaw, between 1991 and 1993. The case may also result in new research into error rates in histopathology, because of a lack of comparative data.

Dr Kiberu, who trained in …
Phase III Trial of Gabapentin Alone or in Conjunction With an Antidepressant in the Management of Hot Flashes in Women Who Have Inadequate Control With an Antidepressant Alone: NCCTG N03C5
Authors: Charles L. Loprinzi, John W. Kugler, Debra L. Barton, Amylou C. Dueck, Loren K. Tschetter, Robert A. Nelimark, Ernie Porteza Balcueva, Kelli N. Burger, Paul J. Novotny, Mark D. Carlson, Steven Fletcher Duane, Steven W. Corso, David B. Johnson, Anthony J. Jaslowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Despite the utility of newer antidepressants for alleviating hot flashes, antidepressants do not work adequately enough in many patients. Gabapentin is a nonhormonal agent that also can reduce hot flashes. No data have been available to address whether the combination of both agents would more effectively alleviate hot flashes, compared with gabapentin alone, in patients with inadequate hot flash control with an antidepressant alone.This was a randomized trial in which 118 patients with inadequate hot flash control on an antidepressant were randomly assigned to receive both an antidepressant and gabapentin versus being weaned off the antidepressant and receiving gabapentin alone. Patients were observed for 5 weeks (including a baseline week in which patients continued on their current antidepressant without gabapentin) during which time they completed validated daily hot flash diaries.Ninety-one patients provided complete data at the 5-week assessment. Regardless of whether or not the antidepressant was continued when gabapentin was started, there was an approximately 50% median reduction in hot flash frequencies (54%; 95% CI, 34% to 70% for combined treatment v 49%; 95% CI, 26% to 58% for gabapentin alone) and scores (56%; 95% CI, 26% to 71% for combined treatment v 60%; 95% CI, 33% to 73% for gabapentin alone).Gabapentin seems to decrease hot flashes by approximately 50% in women with inadequate hot flash control who were using an antidepressant. This study saw no significant additional hot flash reduction from continuation of the antidepressant.
Refractory duodenal ulcer.
Authors: K D Bardhan
Journal: Gut (1984)

A refractory duodenal ulcer was arbitrarily defined as one that had failed to heal completely after treatment with cimetidine 1 g daily for three months. Of 66 patients with refractory duodenal ulcer, healing eventually occurred in 37 patients, after treatment for an average of 7.4 months. But 28 patients did not heal despite treatment for an average of 9.4 months; and one patient defaulted. In 41 patients the daily dose of cimetidine was increased to 2 g: the ulcers in 31 patients healed. In eight patients the daily dose was increased to 3 g and healing occurred in four patients. Eighteen patients required admission on 22 occasions because of severe symptoms despite treatment. Nine patients underwent surgery but in five the results were poor. Differences in clinical and endoscopic features between refractory and non-refractory ulcer patients were small. Acid and pepsin secretion were similar and gastrin concentrations normal. Blood levels of the drug and suppression of acid secretion were both satisfactory. Identification of refractory ulcer patients at the start of treatment was therefore not possible. Refractoriness could occur at any time during the course of the disease, previous treatment with cimetidine often having resulted in rapid healing, but subsequent relapses were also usually refractory. The cause of refractoriness remains unknown and the rather poor results of surgery in this series suggests that optimal management of these patients remains to be determined. Refractoriness probably indicates a changed natural history of the disease and in some patients a more poor prognosis.
Wall Remodeling During Luminal Expansion of Mesenteric Arterial Collaterals in the Rat
Authors: Joseph L. Unthank, Steven W. Fath, Harold M. Burkhart, Scott C. Miller, Michael C. Dalsing
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Wall remodeling associated with rapid luminal enlargement of collateral mesenteric arteries in rats was investigated 1 and 4 weeks after creation of a collateral pathway by ligating three to four sequential arteries. Paired observations were made of inner diameters of collateral and normal arteries in the same animals. Arterial blood flow was measured at the final observation. Sections of arteries were processed for morphological measurements. After 4 weeks, inner arterial diameter was increased more at the beginning (63±6%) than the end (25±9%) of the collateral pathway. At 1 and 4 weeks, respectively, cross-sectional areas of collateral relative to normal arteries were increased by 46±5% and 59±13% (lumen), 55±8% and 65±14% (media), and 89±18% and 60±31% (intima). The wall expansion during luminal enlargement resulted in a normal medial thickness:luminal radius relationship. At 1 week postligation, wall shear rate remained elevated and endothelial but not smooth muscle hyperplasia had occurred (intimal nuclei: 40±1.7 collateral versus 24±3.0 normal; medial nuclei: 42±6.8 collateral versus 37±2.1 normal). At 4 weeks, wall shear rate in collaterals was similar to normal arteries, and smooth muscle hyperplasia had taken place (medial nuclei: 84±9.4 collateral versus 44±4.7 normal). The data demonstrate that wall expansion associated with rapid luminal enlargement of these collaterals involves hyperplasia of both endothelial and smooth muscle cells; however, smooth muscle proliferation does not occur until after wall shear rate is reduced. The specific cellular adaptations that occur during collateral development may depend on the level of wall shear and shear-dependent modulation of endothelial growth factors.
ADDRESS ON GENERAL MEDICINE.Read before the American Medical Association, at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: ALBERT L. GIHON
Journal: JAMA (1892)

In accepting the invitation to fill the breach caused by the illness of your appointed speaker on general medicine, I can but feel that I have imprudently undertaken a weightier task than, at the time, I fully realized. The very flattering terms, in which the appeal was conveyed, left me no option to decline, and blinded me to the responsibility I was assuming in agreeing to address this great body of experts in medicine on the vital issues involved in the address expected. Hence, I can only ask your indulgence for my shortcoming in begging you, who lead busy lives, to reflect how impossible it is to do in a few short days, what is, rightfully, the careful deliberate work of preparation for a whole year. What I say, therefore, shall only be in the way of desultory comment on medicine in general, instead of a systematic digest of the
Child Psychopharmacology Comes of Age
Authors: Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EPHA4 is a disease modifier of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in animal models and in humans
Authors: Annelies Van Hoecke, Lies Schoonaert, Robin Lemmens, Mieke Timmers, Kim A Staats, Angela S Laird, Elke Peeters, Thomas Philips, An Goris, Bénédicte Dubois, Peter M Andersen, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Vincent Thijs, Ann M Turnley, Paul W van Vught, Jan H Veldink, Orla Hardiman, Ludo Van Den Bosch, Paloma Gonzalez-Perez, Philip Van Damme, Robert H Brown, Leonard H van den Berg, Wim Robberecht
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Vaccine could prevent more cases of cervical cancer than previously thought
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Plasma cells are terminally differentiated B cells that produce and secrete profuse amounts of antibodies. Plasma cell differentiation involves an increase in exocytic pathway components and expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in order to accommodate high-rate immunoglobulin synthesis. ER expansion requires membrane biogenesis, a process that requires phospholipids. Increased phospholipid synthesis is dependent upon a sufficient supply of fatty acids. We have found that <i>de novo</i> fatty acid biosynthesis increases in CH12 B cells differentiating in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Increased fatty acid biosynthesis correlates with upregulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), enzymes that catalyze the formation of fatty acids. Further investigation will shed light into mechanisms that regulate lipid synthesis and ER expansion in differentiating plasma cells. Supported by NIH-GM61970 and NIH-T32 A1007508
High frequency of myelomonocytic tumors in aging E mu L-myc transgenic mice.
Authors: T Möröy, P E Fisher, G Lee, P Achacoso, F Wiener, F W Alt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Transgenic mice that contain constructs of the L-myc gene under the transcriptional control of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer (E mu) develop thymic hyperplasia and are predisposed to T cell lymphomas. Here we describe a second form of malignancy that occurs in aging E mu L-myc transgenic mice. The mean latency period for the development of this malignancy is longer compared with the E mu L-myc T cell lymphomas but the overall incidence is increased threefold. The histopathological morphology is that of a highly malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that closely resembles human fibrous histiocytoma. The tumor cells were classified as myelomonocytic on the basis of several lineage-specific markers and the lack of rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain and the T cell receptor beta loci. Cultured tumor cells produce macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) protein and express the M-CSF receptor, suggesting the involvement of an autocrine loop in this malignancy. Similar to the E mu L-myc T cell lymphomas, these tumors show high-level transgene expression but no detectable levels of endogenous c-myc mRNA, directly implicating the deregulated expression of L-myc in the generation of this malignancy. E mu L-myc myelomonocytic tumors show consistent trisomy of chromosome 16, implicating this as a secondary event in the development of this tumor. In the light of recent findings that L-myc is expressed in human myeloid leukemias and in several human myeloid tumor cell lines, the results described here might implicate L-myc in the development of naturally occurring myeloid neoplasias.
Development of a Video Assessment Scoring Method to Determine the Accuracy of Endoscopist Performance at Screening Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Authors: S. Thomas-Gibson, P. Rogers, N. Suzuki, M. Vance, M. Rutter, D. Swain, A. Nicholls, B. Saunders, W. Atkin
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Aims: Variation in the adenoma detection rate (ADR) at flexible sigmoidoscopy screening has been shown to be due to variation in endoscopist performance. There are no objective methods for scoring an endoscopist's performance reliably, and the aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable objective scoring method using video footage of screening flexible sigmoidoscopies. Methods: In a series of five experiments, experienced endoscopists (the scorers) independently scored a sample (n = 43) of the 40 000 flexible sigmoidoscopy extubations recorded as part of the United Kingdom Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial (UK FSST). The scoring system, the parameters scored, and their definitions evolved over the course of the five experiments. The initial visual analogue score (range 0 - 100) used in the first two experiments evolved into a five-point score that ranged from 1 (E, poor) to 5 (A, excellent) in the last three experiments. The final parameters scored were: time spent viewing the mucosa, re-examination of poorly viewed areas, suctioning of fluid pools, distension of the lumen, lower rectal examination, and overall quality of the examination. The first four experiments scored one individual case per endoscopist; in experiment 5, an overall score was awarded for five cases performed by each endoscopist being assessed. Results: Scoring five cases examined by an individual endoscopist using the A - E grading system was the most reliable method (interclass correlation coefficient 0.89). Cluster analysis demonstrated that the endoscopists in the high-scoring ADR group (ADR 14.7 - 15.9 %) could be differentiated from those in the intermediate- and low-scoring ADR groups (ADR 8.6 - 12.6 %). Conclusions: An objective scoring system for assessing the accuracy of performance at screening flexible sigmoidoscopy, based on video footage, is described. Endoscopists who might benefit from further training can be identified using this method.
The use of biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles to mediate SOX9 gene delivery in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and induce chondrogenesis
Authors: Jae-Hwan Kim, Ji Sun Park, Han Na Yang, Dae Gyun Woo, Su Yeon Jeon, Hyun-Jin Do, Hye-Young Lim, Jung Mo Kim, Keun-Hong Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
When a Baby Dies: Psychotherapy for Pregnancy and Newborn Loss
Authors: John M. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1990)

As a basis for his suggestions for psychotherapy for women who have suffered perinatal loss, Dr Leon begins with a discussion of the psychology of pregnancy. The approach is primarily a psychoanalytic one with emphasis on Freudian concepts including oral incorporation, penis envy, and oedipal conflicts. These basic concepts are said to play a large role in the pregnant woman's identification with her own mother. Dr Leon does not neglect the tenets of self psychology such as object seeking, the idea of the conceptus as an intimate part of the mother's own body and that of her husband, and the sense of narcissistic damage that occurs with the death or malformation of the fetus. The narcissistic injury impacts on the mother's body image, sexuality, and feeling of competence as a mother. The remaining 110 pages of the book deal with individual cases, suggested interpretations, and therapeutic emphases. These 20 persons
Renal, Metabolic, and Circulatory Responses to Heat and Exercise
Authors: ROBERT W. SCHRIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Acute renal failure is known to occur in military recruits during summer basic training. The effect of these summer training exercises on the urinary sediment, renal excretion of heme pigments, renal concentrating mechanism, body temperature, muscle enzymes, serum uric acid, coagulation factors, and systemic hemodynamics was evaluated during both the early and late stages of basic training. The findings are discussed in the context of potential predisposing and precipitating causes of acute renal failure, and a pathogenetic schema is proposed.
Sri Lanka's medical facilities overwhelmed by large influx of wounded
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The health infrastructure of Sri Lanka has been overwhelmed by the large influx of wounded and sick civilians evacuated from the escalating conflict in the north east of the island, Red Cross officials said this week. 

“What we are seeing is intense fighting in a very small area overcrowded with civilians who have fled there,” said Pierre Krahenbuhl, director of operations for the International Committee of the Red Cross. 

“The situation is nothing short of catastrophic. Ongoing fighting has killed or wounded hundreds of civilians who have only minimal access to medical care.”

“We are extremely concerned about the tens of thousands of civilians trapped in the ‘no fire zone,’” Mr Krahenbuhl …
Clinical competence in elective direct current (DC) cardioversion. A statement for physicians from the AHA/ACC/ACP Task Force on Clinical Privileges in Cardiology.
Authors: P M Yurchak, S V Williams, J L Achord, W A Reynolds, C Fisch, G C Friesinger, F J Klocke, M Akhtar, T J Ryan, R C Schlant
Journal: Circulation (1993)
What's in a Gnome?
Authors: P. J Scheuer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Gnomes were conceived in Gothenburg in 1967 at the second meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) because of a need to regularise the then confused nomenclature of chronic hepatitis. A small group of interested hepatologists met and, after animated discussion, agreed to circulate slides of relevant liver biopsy specimens and to reconvene the following year.

The second meeting in Zurich led to the publication of the classification of …
Natural History of Focal Moderate Cardiac Allograft Rejection
Authors: Gayle L. Winters, Evan Loh, Frederick J. Schoen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The rate of progression and potential long-term consequences of isolated foci of moderate acute rejection (FMR) on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) have not been defined; therefore, whether FMR necessitates augmented immunosuppression remains controversial.At our institution, recipients with EMBs having FMR, defined as one or two isolated foci of cellular infiltrates with associated myocyte damage (International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation [ISHLT] grade 2 and a subset of grade 3A), do not routinely receive intensified immunosuppression. Accordingly, to determine the outcome of untreated FMR, we reviewed 4398 EMBs (mean, 4.4 samples each) obtained after orthotopic heart transplantation in 208 consecutive recipients maintained on triple immunosuppressive therapy. The incidence of progression versus resolution of FMR, the time interval after transplantation when FMR was detected, and the relation of untreated FMR to recipient survival were analyzed. FMR categorized as one (n = 312) or two (n = 89) foci was present in 401 EMBs (9% of total) obtained 10 days to 7.5 years after transplantation from 149 recipients (72%). EMBs with FMR resolved without treatment in 341 of 401 (85%), and only 60 of 401 (15%) progressed to higher grade rejection. EMBs that progressed occurred 7.5 +/- 7.9 months (mean +/- SD) after transplantation compared with 14.0 +/- 16.5 months after transplantation for those that resolved (P < .005). Of the 60 EMBs that progressed, 55% occurred within the first 6 months, 78% within the first year, and 97% within the first 2 years after transplantation. EMBs with two foci of FMR were no more likely to progress than those with one focus. Thirty-nine recipients experienced one (n = 25), two (n = 9), three (n = 3), or four (n = 2) episodes of FMR that progressed. One or more episodes of FMR that did not progress occurred in 110 recipients. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, survival at 1 and 5 years was similar in recipients with and those without FMR progression.First, untreated FMR consisting of either one or two foci has a low rate of progression. Second, progression of FMR decreases with increasing postoperative interval and becomes rare after 2 years. Last, FMR progression did not identify recipients with decreased survival.
Serum Leucine Aminopeptidase Activity in Normal Pregnancy and in Patients with Hydatidiform Mole
Authors: Rubin Bressler, Ben R. Forsyth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN the course of investigating the rise in serum leucine aminopeptidase activity in pregnancy previously reported by Green et al.,1 we found that the activity in patients with hydatidiform mole was no higher than that in normal controls.Although the hydatidiform mole is a comparatively rare disease (occurring once in every 2500 pregnancies),2 it may present a diagnostic dilemma during the first trimester of pregnancy. The usual presenting sign of the hydatidiform mole is bleeding in the third or fourth month of an assumed pregnancy. The subjective signs of pregnancy are all present. Since the presence of a hydatidiform mole . . .