tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
“Expert patient”—dream or nightmare?
Authors: Joanne Shaw, Mary Baker
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The concept of a well informed patient is welcome, but a new name is needed 

Since the chief medical officer for England first introduced the term expert patient, it has been picked up and used very widely.1 During this time, the notion of the expert patient seems to have been criticised by doctors at least as much as it has been welcomed.2 If one asks lawyers, architects, social workers, or management consultants whether they prefer clients who take an interest in the issues they face and are motivated to work in partnership to achieve successful results, the answer seems obvious. So why does the idea of expert patients provoke such antipathy within the medical profession?

We know from reading the press and listening to the debate that when doctors come across the term “expert patient” they hear different things. For the chief medical officer, expert patients are “people who have the confidence, skills, information and knowledge to play a central role in the management of life with chronic diseases.”1 The suspicion is that for many doctors, the expert patient of the imagination is the one clutching a sheaf of printouts from the internet, demanding a particular treatment that is unproved, manifestly unsuitable, astronomically expensive, or all three. Or, …
Latex sensitization prior to secondary allergen sensitization enhances systemic Th2 immune responses without augmenting airway inflammation
Authors: Katharina Bluemchen, Marcus Schwede, Kirstin Gerhold, Philippe Stock, Bodo Niggemann, Birgit Wagner, Heimo Breiteneder, Eckard Hamelmann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Blockers of ATP sensitive potassium current are of potential benefit in ischaemic heart disease
Authors: P. Siegl
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Blockers of ATP sensitive potassium current are of potential benefit in ischaemic heart disease Get access Peter Siegl Peter Siegl Merck Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, West Point, PA 19486, USA: Dr P Siegl. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 31–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.1.31 Published: 01 January 1994
Food and Mankind
Authors: J. Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (1950)

MEDICAL JOURNALdepot preparation may require reinforcement with the crystalline penicillin, but subsequent daily dosage with the depot product should prove adequate.The development of procaine penicillin has been rapid, and many preparations are now available.There is no doubt that the reinforced mon6stearate preparation gives the greatest prolongation of effect in combination with relatively high initial blood levels.It is, however, an oily preparation which presents some difficulty in administra- tion, particularly in cold weather; this is a serious dis- advantage for routine use in general practice.It is never- theless a valuable preparation which should be very useful when it is desirable to give the injection at longer intervals than 24 hours.Considerable prolongation of the blood levels can be achieved by increasing the dosage of the monostearate preparations; but such injections tend to produce local discomfort, and difficulty in administration may be experienced (Peacock and Gillespie, 1950).The aqueous preparation (400,000 u./ml.) has proved a satisfactory product for daily administration.It is stable, and if well shaken can be injected without difficulty.In this trial effective levels have been consistently maintained in adults for 24 hours after the injection of 1 ml.This should be a convenient preparation for general use.It is interesting to note that throughout this investigation no instance of hypersensitiveness to the procaine was observed, and that, apart from the initial prick, no local discomfort was reported.Summary Blood levels have been estimated in adults after the intra- muscular injection of 1 ml. of various procaine penicillin preparations.With procaine penicillin (300,000 units) in arachis oil with 2% aluminium monostearate plus crystalline potassium penicillin G (100,000 units), effective levels were maintained for the 24-hour period in 28 out of 28 individuals (15 out of 21 gave assayable levels after 48 hours), but some difficulty in administration was experienced.Aqueous procaine penicillin (300,000 units per ml.) is a con- venient preparation, but assayable levels were not produced in 7 out of 44 subjects after 24 hours.A stable aqueous procaine penicillin suspension (400,000 u./ml.)proved a satisfactory product.It was injected without difficulty and gave satisfactory levels for a 24-hour period in 40 out of 40 cases.This preparation should prove particularly valuable in general practice.The various preparations of procaine penicillin were kindly supplied
Multipotent CD15+ Cancer Stem Cells in <i>Patched-1</i>–Deficient Mouse Medulloblastoma
Authors: Ryan J. Ward, Lilian Lee, Kevin Graham, Thevagi Satkunendran, Koichi Yoshikawa, Erick Ling, Lauren Harper, Ryan Austin, Erica Nieuwenhuis, Ian D. Clarke, Chi-chung Hui, Peter B. Dirks
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Subpopulations of tumorigenic cells have been identified in many human tumors, although these cells may not be very rare in some types of cancer. Here, we report that medulloblastomas arising from Patched-1–deficient mice contain a subpopulation of cells that show a neural precursor phenotype, clonogenic and multilineage differentiation capacity, activated Hedgehog signaling, wild-type Patched-1 expression, and the ability to initiate tumors following allogeneic orthotopic transplantation. The normal neural stem cell surface antigen CD15 enriches for the in vitro proliferative and in vivo tumorigenic potential from uncultured medulloblastomas, supporting the existence of a cancer stem cell hierarchy in this clinically relevant mouse model of cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4682–90]
Sex Education in Schools— A Polemic
Authors: F. Fuller Royal
Journal: JAMA (1969)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— Reading your views on Sex Education in the Schools (208:1016, 1969), one gets the impression that physicians are only to exert leadership roles  emphasizing (to the public) the need for sex education programs in the  Until competent teachers with high moral integrity can be properly trained and until guidelines for proper supervision can be established, I am opposed to such a program in the school curriculum. Believe me, I am not proud of the American Medical Associations' blanket approval of such a program.The six guiding principles mentioned are noble and sound. Why not do some investigating to determine whether these concepts are being followed throughout the country by the advocates of sex education? For example, here in Oregon there has been no involvement of broad representation from the community in both the planning and conduct of sex education in the schools. Instead, educators
Notch2 signaling is required for proper mast cell distribution and mucosal immunity in the intestine
Authors: Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto, Toru Sakai, Yasuyuki Miyake, Toshiki I. Saito, Haruhiko Maruyama, Yasuyuki Morishita, Etsuko Nakagami-Yamaguchi, Keiki Kumano, Hideo Yagita, Masashi Fukayama, Seishi Ogawa, Mineo Kurokawa, Koji Yasutomo, Shigeru Chiba
Journal: Blood (2010)
Autoreactive CD4+ T-cell clones to β2-glycoprotein I in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: preferential recognition of the major phospholipid-binding site
Authors: Takahide Arai, Kazue Yoshida, Junichi Kaburaki, Hidetoshi Inoko, Yasuo Ikeda, Yutaka Kawakami, Masataka Kuwana
Journal: Blood (2001)
International Health—Getting Together
Authors: Norman W. Hoover
Journal: JAMA (1971)

International health has been characterized by fragmentation. Disenchantment with service roles has grown with recognition of the futility of efforts to apply limited resources to almost infinite needs. As both private and public contributions to international health have dwindled, it has become apparent that imagination will be required to sort out and tackle essential issues. Training of health manpower and development of educational resources appropriate to the needs of developing countries will be among the most important of these. Concern has been common among people working in international health that no orderly mechanism has existed by which information could be shared or cooperative efforts developed among the many and varied organizations working toward ill-defined but presumably common goals. A Task Force for International Health was formed in 1970 at the invitation of the American Medical Association to look at the problems of international health in their broadest terms, to examine
1022-82 A prospective, randomized trial of mild hypothermia during primary percutaneous intervention for acute myocardial infarction (COOL-MI): One-year clinical outcome
Authors: Simon R Dixon, David G Rizik, John J Griffin, Joseph P Carrozza, Barry D Rutherford, Adnan Kastrati, Suku T Thambar, Richard E Kuntz, Raymond J Gibbons, Jeffrey J Popma, William W O'Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Intimate partner violence: Marie Lloyd's bruises
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I’ve just watched a one woman play about Marie Lloyd, the music hall entertainer. She was born in 1870 in London’s east end, and her real name was Victoria Wood. Coached by her father, she made a stunning debut aged 14, when she silenced audiences by flirting with the men. Two years later she was earning the huge sum of £100 a week.

For a modern audience her story is uncomfortable as well as inspiring. It is disturbing …
Determinant analysis of IgE and IgG4 antibodies and T cells specific for bovine αs1-casein from the same patients allergic to cow's milk: Existence of αs1-casein–specific B cells and T cells characteristic in cow's-milk allergy☆☆☆★
Authors: Haruyo Nakajima-Adachi, Satoshi Hachimura, Wataru Ise, Kiri Honma, Shinya Nishiwaki, Maiko Hirota, Naoki Shimojo, Toshiyuki Katsuki, Akio Ametani, Yoichi Kohno
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Influence of Gallogen and Diethanolamine Upon Induced Hypercholesterolemia in the Rat
Authors: SEYMOUR DAYTON
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

The diethanolamine salt of the mono (α,p-dimethylbenzyl) ester of d-camphoric acid (Gallogen) augmented diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipemia in the rat, while depressing liver cholesterol and total lipid concentrations. Diethanolamine had virtually identical effects. Gallogen, given orally to rats with biliary fistulas had a slight hydrocholeretic effect, but did not influence biliary excretion of cholesterol, cholic acid, or chenodeoxycholic acid.
Unsuspected Pneumonia Detected by Increased Lung Uptake on 111In-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan Scan
Authors: Misun Hwang, Judith M. Joyce, Herbert Klein, Jing-Zhou Hou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) is a CD20-targeted radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma approved by the FDA in 2002. The acquisition of an 111In ibritumomab tiuxetan scan (bioscan) to confirm normal biodistribution before treatment with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan was initially required in the United States until November 2011. This is the first documented example of abnormal biodistribution due to unsuspected pneumonia detected by increased lung uptake on the bioscan. The pneumonia was treated and resolved before 90Y Zevalin, avoiding potential harm and indicating that a screening chest x-ray may be appropriate when a bioscan is not performed.
Kidney Allocation and the Aging Immune Response
Authors: Stefan G. Tullius, Edgar Milford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

To the Editor: Organ allocation is a critical component in the success of transplantation. The increasing discrepancy between supply and demand is one of the most important problems in renal transplantation. Despite intensive efforts, donation rates have not increased recently. Moreover, demographics have changed, and the numbers of older recipients and donors show the highest proportional increase.1 The mainstay of the existing kidney-allocation policy for deceased donors has been the assignment of priority for waiting time, in addition to HLA matching and geographic aspects. The new proposal for kidney allocation calls for the assignment of 20% of available organs that . . .
35 Role of endothelin-1 in the maintenance of systemic and portal haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis: A randomised double blind placebo-controlled haemodynamic study of endothelin-A and endothelin-B receptor antagonism
Authors: D. Tripathi, G. Therapondos, J.W. Ferguson, D.J. Webb, D.E. Newby, P.C. Hayes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Peptidoglycan Sensing by the Receptor PGRP-LE in the Drosophila Gut Induces Immune Responses to Infectious Bacteria and Tolerance to Microbiota
Authors: Virginie Bosco-Drayon, Mickael Poidevin, Ivo Gomperts Boneca, Karine Narbonne-Reveau, Julien Royet, Bernard Charroux
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
GI disorders--the name's the thing.
Authors: D L Wingate, R C Gill
Journal: Gut (1987)

During development, retinal progenitors navigate a complex landscape of fate decisions that results in the generation of unique cell types necessary for proper vision. Here, we aim to provide the resources and techniques required to identify fac-tors that are critical for fate decisions in photoreceptors. These factors help create a diversity of photoreceptor subtypes that sustain vision in day and night, enable the discrimination of colors, facilitate the detection of prey and predators, and support other aspects of vision. First, we generate a key resource: a high-quality and deep transcriptomic profile of each photoreceptor subtype in zebrafish. We make this resource openly accessible, easy to explore and integrate it with other currently available photoreceptor transcriptomic datasets. Second, using our transcriptomic profiles, we derive an in-depth map of expression of transcription factors in photoreceptors—potential key players in cell-fate decisions. Third, we explore CRISPR-FØ screening as a fast, efficient and versatile technique to assess the involvement of candidate transcription factors in photoreceptor subtype-specification. We first show that known phenotypes can be easily replicated: loss of S cones in <i>foxq2</i> mutants and loss of rods in <i>nr2e3</i> mutants. We then explore four additional transcription factors of unknown function (Skor1a, Sall1a, Lrrfip1a and Xbp1) and find no evidence for their involvement in photoreceptor-subtype specification. Finally, we identify novel functions of Tbx2, demonstrating that it plays a central role in controlling the identity of all photoreceptor sub-types within the retina. Our study provides an open roadmap to discover additional factors involved in this process. This dataset and screening method will be a valuable way to explore the genes involved in many essential aspects of photoreceptor biology.
Heart Rate Variability and Dispersion of QT Interval in Patients With Vulnerability to Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation After Previous Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Juha S Perkiömäki, Heikki V Huikuri, Juhani M Koistinen, Timo Mäkikallio, Agustin Castellanos, Robert J Myerburg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)

Objectives. This study was designed to compare QT dispersion measured from the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram and 24-h heart rate variability in patients with vulnerability to either ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation after a previous myocardial infarction. Background. Increased QT interval dispersion and reduced heart rate variability have been shown to be associated with vulnerability to ventricular tachyarrhythmias, but the data have mainly been pooled from patients with presentation of stable ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Methods. QT dispersion and time domain and two-dimensional vector analysis of heart rate variability were studied in 30 survivors of ventricular fibrillation with a previous myocardial infarction and with inducible unstable ventricular tachyarrhythmia by programmed electrical stimulation and in 30 postinfarction patients with clinical and inducible stable monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia. Both of these patient groups were matched, with respect to age, gender and left ventricular ejection fraction, with an equal number of postinfarction control patients without a history of arrhythmic events or inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmia and arrhythmia-free survival during a follow-up period of 2 years. Forty-five age-matched healthy subjects served as normal control subjects. Results. Standard deviation of all sinus intervals and long-term continuous RR interval variability analyzed from Poincaré plots were reduced in patients with vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation (p < 0.001 for both), but not in patients with ventricular tachycardia (p = NS for both), compared with postinfarction control subjects. Corrected QT (QTc) dispersion was significantly broader both in patients with ventricular fibrillation (p < 0.001) and in those with ventricular tachycardia (p < 0.05) than in matched postinfarction control subjects. Heart rate variability performed better than QTc dispersion in predicting vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. Conclusions. Increased QT dispersion is associated with vulnerability to both ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Low heart rate variability is specifically related to susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation but not to stable monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, suggesting that the autonomic nervous system modifies the presentation of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
THE RÔLE OF CLASMATOCYTES AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS IN NON-SPECIFIC LOCAL CUTANEOUS IMMUNITY TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS
Authors: S. O. Freedlander, J. A. Toomey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. Plain broth is just as effective as specific broth filtrate if used as a skin compress for the protection of guinea pigs against a subcutaneous injection of Staphylococcus aureus. 2. Plain broth compresses applied for 48 hours previous to bacterial injection sometimes prevent the death of the animal and practically always alter the inflammatory reactions. 3. This protection is not specific and is localized to the area "compressed." 4. The protection lasts at least 24 hours after removal of the compress. 5. Broth compresses applied to the abdominal wall of a guinea pig for 48 hours produced definite histological changes, especially in the subcutis, i.e., edema, proliferation of clasmatocytes, thickening of the epidermis together with a moderate exudation of polymorphonuclears and small mononuclear cells. 6. The histological response to the subcutaneous injection of staphylococci was different in the control and the broth-prepared animal. 7. In the broth-prepared animal, there was an increase in clasmatocytes and fibroblasts with a dense exudation of polymorphonuclears, which latter, in the main, did not degenerate. The clasmatocytes phagocyted bacteria early and later engulfed the polymorphonuclears, while the fibroblasts rapidly walled off the lesion. The result was a localized abscess which either came to the surface and ruptured or was absorbed and organized.
Striatal Delivery of Neurturin by CERE-120, an AAV2 Vector for the Treatment of Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mehdi Gasmi, Christopher D Herzog, Eugene P Brandon, Justine J Cunningham, G Anthony Ramirez, Elias T Ketchum, Raymond T Bartus
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or its naturally occurring analog, neurturin (NTN), can potentially improve the function and delay the rate of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, their delivery to the central nervous system has proven to be a significant challenge. Viral vector-mediated gene transfer offers a practical means to continuously supply neurotrophic factors in targeted areas of the brain. CERE-120 is an adeno-associated viral vector encoding NTN, developed for the treatment of PD. We found that the kinetics and pattern of NTN expression in the rat striatum following injection of CERE-120 is rapid, increases significantly up to 4 weeks, and exhibits a stable volume of distribution thereafter for at least 1 year, the longest time-point evaluated. Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that steady-state levels are maintained from 4 weeks onward. We demonstrated that NTN volume of distribution can be controlled by varying the dose of vector injected and that NTN delivered via CERE-120 was bioactive, as evidenced by the neuroprotection of DA neurons in the rat 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model. These data provided the foundation for further non-clinical development of CERE-120, leading to an ongoing clinical trial in PD patients.
Autoimmune Responses in the Rheumatoid Synovium
Authors: Rene E. M Toes, Tom W. J Huizinga
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints, often with severe and disabling consequences. Although cells and intracellular signals characterizing inflamed tissue in RA are not qualitatively different from those found in other conditions, in about one third of patients with RA ectopic lymphoid structures can be found in affected tissue [1]. These structures, which form in response to sustained local inflammation, reflect the anatomical organization through which lymph nodes regulate the initiation and maturation of productive adaptive immune responses. Ectopic lymphoid structures therefore appear potentially capable of similarly mediating the encounter and interaction of immune cells with antigens.
Medical Society of State of Pennsylvania.
Authors: W. T. Bishop
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Harrisburg, Pa., June 15, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of May 30, page 1092, it is stated the "next convention will be held at Pittsburg in September, 1897." The next meeting of the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania will be held in Pittsburg, Pa., the third Tuesday of May, 1897. There was some mention of September, but May is provided for in the By-Laws. Convention is not a good word to use for meetings of medical men, though a good many journals use it, ourJournalshould set a better example. The above correction of date and title is so you can have the list of meetings correct. Very truly,