tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dieldrin-Induced Mallory Bodies in Hepatic Tumors of Mice of Different Strains
Authors: Earl F. Meierhenry, Boris H. Ruebner, M. Eric Gershwin, Lucy S. Hsieh, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Mallory bodies (MBs) were induced in hepatic tumors by administration for up to 85 weeks of a diet containing 10 ppm dieldrin to 50 C3H/He and 62 C57BL/6J X C3H/He B6C3F1 male mice. MBs were seen in 15 of 28 (54%) mice which developed benign hepatic tumors and 33 of 45 (73%) mice with hepatocellular carcinoma, but in only 3 of 39 (8%) mice without hepatic tumors. In mice with tumors, the MBs were predominantly confined to tumor tissue and persisted in a carcinoma transplanted into a nude mouse. MBs were not observed, however, in hepatic tumors of 67 C57BL/ 6J, 49 C3H/He, or 81B6C3F1 mice given 12 jug diethylnitrosamine i.p. on Days 0, 3,9, and 15. Thirty-one of 195 control mice of all three strains had hepatic tumors. Only one of the controls had a tumor with an MB, and no MBs were seen in nontumor-bearing livers of control animals. These observations, coupled with the results of a previous study in which MBs were observed in hepatocytes of dieldrin-treated C57BL/6J mice, indicate that mice treated with dieldrin are a reliable animal model for the study of MBs.
Abstract 1394: Role of non-coding RNA in regulation of stemness and differentiation via notch signaling pathway in glioblastoma
Authors: Keisuke Katsushima, Keiko Shinjo, Fumiharu Ohka, Atsushi Natsume, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Yutaka Kondo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Multiple distinct subpopulations of cancer cells within tumors may derive from a limited source of cancer cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which may have plasticity and respond to signals from their microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrated the fundamental roles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in various biological processes. Here, we investigated the roles of lncRNA in glioma stem cells (GSCs) differentiation. Whole-genome RNA sequencing revealed that 180 and 171 lncRNAs were commonly upregulated and downregulated with a greater than 2-fold difference in GSC differentiation, respectively. Among those, linc-A was consistently downregulated during GSC differentiation. Linc-A, of which expression is regulated by the Notch signaling pathway, physically interacted with polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and conferred a recruitment of PRC2 and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in its target loci. An RNA pull-down assay revealed that linc-A specifically bound to a number of neuronal differentiation-associated genes in GSC. These target genes were consistently silenced in GSCs. Inhibition of linc-A using antisense oligonucleotide reduced the H3K27me3 level and increased expression of its target genes, resulted in loss of stemness and induction of GSC differentiation into neuronal lineage. Intriguingly, in silico analysis revealed that linc-A shared a sequence of microRNA-response element (MRE) with mRNAs of stemness markers, such as MYC, SOX2, and NANOG. Indeed, downregulation of linc-A increased the miR-X expression together with repression of its target genes, MYC, SOX2, and NANOG, being consistent with an RNA sponge mechanism, in which lncRNAs contain complementary binding sites (MRE) to a miRNA of interest and prevent these mRNAs from degradation. Our data indicated that linc-A plays consistent roles in modulation of stemness properties in GSC in response to Notch-epigenetic regulatory pathway. Citation Format: Keisuke Katsushima, Keiko Shinjo, Fumiharu Ohka, Atsushi Natsume, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Yutaka Kondo. Role of non-coding RNA in regulation of stemness and differentiation via notch signaling pathway in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1394. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1394
A Magic Bullet for Cancer — How Near and How Far?
Authors: Lowell E. Schnipper, Terry B. Strom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The search for effective and specific antineoplastic therapy has led to considerable interest in antitumor antibodies. Attempts to treat cancer with antibodies date back to the early 1900s, but progress was stalled until discovery in 1975 of a way to produce mouse monoclonal antibodies in vitro.1 Early trials with these antibodies in patients with cancer found only short-lived responses.2 One exception is a class of mouse monoclonal antibodies against the unique antigen-binding structure (idiotype) of the surface immunoglobulin on a neoplastic B cell, which can be effective in low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.3 These early attempts drew attention to the potential benefits . . .
Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in the Elderly
Authors: Mary Ann Clark, Ameet Bakhai, Michael J. Lacey, Elise M. Pelletier, David J. Cohen
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been documented extensively in clinical trials and single-center series, but few data exist on the clinical and economic outcomes after PCI in an unselected population.We used the Medicare Standard Analytic File to identify all initial PCI procedures performed in 1998 among a random sample of 5% of all Medicare beneficiaries > or =65 years of age. These patients (n=9868) were followed up for 1 year after PCI to identify clinical outcomes, medical resource use, and costs. Between 1 month and 1 year after PCI, 16.9% of patients required > or =1 repeat revascularization procedures. Mean 1-year medical care costs increased 5-fold among patients with repeat revascularization compared with those without (26,186 dollars versus 5344 dollars; P<0.001). After adjustment for baseline differences, the independent cost of repeat revascularization was 19,074 dollars (95% CI, 18,440 to 19,707). Assuming from previous studies that 85% of repeat revascularization procedures over the first year of follow-up are attributable to restenosis, the estimated clinical restenosis rate was 14.4%, and the 1-year economic burden of restenosis to the healthcare system was 2747 dollars per initial PCI procedure.Among unselected elderly patients undergoing PCI, repeat revascularization occurs in approximately 14% and increases 1-year healthcare costs by >19,000 dollars per occurrence. These findings have important implications for the cost-effectiveness of new treatments that substantially reduce restenosis.
Recurrent Spontaneous Rupture of the Bowel Manifested by Hemoperitoneum
Authors: James W. S. Hartshorn
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:—  Spontaneous rupture of the normal bowel is a rare event. Perforation of the normal colon is less frequent than rupture of the small intestine. In a recent article, Noussias 1 reports two cases of ruptured large intestine and discusses 34 other cases from the literature, 22 of them without apparent associated muscular straining. All of these had a complete rupture of the intestinal wall.  Hemoperitoneum as a presenting feature with partial rupture of the colon has been reported only once, as far as we can determine. Howe 2 reports a case with partial rupture after severe straining at stool. The wall of the sigmoid flexure showed a rupture of the serosa and muscularis, with the mucosa remaining intact.  Our case has several unusual features: It is the only reported case with primary resection, the youngest reported case, and the only case with a recurrence.  Case Report.—  A
Results of ophthalmosonometry and supraorbital photoplethysmography in evaluating carotid arterial stenoses.
Authors: L J Duke, E E Slaymaker, W C Lamberth, C B Wright
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A total of 263 patients underwent either periorbital ophthalmosonometry (Doppler ultrasound) or a combination of ophthalmosonometry and supraorbital photoplethysmography (SOPPG) to determine the presence or absence of a hemodynamically significant lesion (occlusion or greater than 50% reduction in lumen diameter). There were 522 vessels studied with Doppler ultrasound and 272 vessels with a combination of the two modalities. The tests were correlated with carotid arteriography to determine their accuracy. Overall accuracy of the Doppler ultrasound examination was 95%. A normal Doppler ultrasound examination was obtained in 367 vessels and arteriography confirmed the absence of a hemodynamically significant lesion in 93%. Of 155 vessels with an abnormal Doppler examination, 149 (96%) were proven on arteriography to have hemodynamically significant lesions. The Doppler ultrasound examination had a high incidence of false-negative examinations (26%) in those vessels that were between 50% and 99% stenotic, however. The SOPPG alone had a high incidence of false-positive examinations (19%); however, in 155 vessels with a normal SOPPG, 98% were proved to have no hemodynamically significant lesion. The combination of Doppler ultrasound and SOPPG was highly accurate in identifying patients with hemodynamically significant lesions. Of 97 vessels with such lesions, 96 (99%) had either an abnormal Doppler ultrasound examination or an abnormal SOPPG. In 240 vessels with concordant results of the Doppler ultrasound and SOPPG, the presence or absence of a hemodynamically significant lesion was accurately predicted in 235 (98%).
Uncoupling of biliary lipid from bile acid secretion by formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in the rat
Authors: K Mizuno
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A neutrophil chemotactic factor N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), produced by Escherichia coli under conditions of intestinal inflammation, is reported to circulate enterohepatically in the presence of experimental colitis, but its effect on bile secretion is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of fMLP on bile secretion in a single-pass isolated perfused rat liver system. Infusion of fMLP at different concentrations (2 micromol/L, 10 micromol/L, and 20 micromol/L) into the portal vein resulted in excretion into bile in the native form, independent of sodium taurocholate (1 micromol/min) infusion. Excretion of fMLP increased dose dependently, and approximately 12% of the infused dose was detected at each concentration. With constant infusion of sodium taurocholate (1 micromol/min), fMLP (20 micromol/L) increased bile flow but decreased phospholipid and cholesterol secretion. Bile acid secretion was not affected. Phospholipid/bile acid molar ratios decreased from 0.069 +/- 0.002 to 0.038 +/- 0.002, and cholesterol/bile acid molar ratios decreased from 0.0074 +/- 0.0009 to 0.0029 +/- 0.0008. Thus, administration of fMLP resulted in the uncoupling of biliary excretion of phospholipid and cholesterol from that of bile acids; this effect proved reversible. The increase in bile flow caused by fMLP infusion appeared to result from osmotic choleresis. When 25 mg of horseradish peroxidase, a conventional marker of transcytotic vesicle transport pathway, was infused for 1 minute as a pulse load into the portal vein after continuous infusion of taurocholate, its late peak excretion was reduced by fMLP (10 micromol/L) from 9.59 +/- 1.09 to 6.05 +/- 0.66 (ng/g liver). Gel-permeation chromatography of bile showed a specific association of fMLP with bile acids. These results suggest an uncoupling of biliary lipids from bile acids by fMLP because of inhibition of transcellular vesicle transport and interaction between fMLP and bile acid micelles in the bile canaliculus.
Appendix: morphological and molecular characteristics of living human fetuses between Carnegie stages 7 and 23: embryos in the collection
Authors: L. Harkness
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1997)

This is a collection of all of the identifiable and stageable embryos collected over a period of years in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Edinburgh. Each of the embryos has been allocated to one of the Carnegie stages on the basis of the maximum number of its developmental parameters fitting into the stage. Some embryos may have developmental events which could classify them into another stage, but using a rigid classification system would mean that some embryos are therefore not classifiable. Keywords: Carnegie stages/development/embryo classification
The core autophagy protein ATG4B is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in CML stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Katharina Rothe, Hanyang Lin, Kevin B. L. Lin, Amy Leung, Hui Mi Wang, Mehrnoush Malekesmaeili, Ryan R. Brinkman, Donna L. Forrest, Sharon M. Gorski, Xiaoyan Jiang
Journal: Blood (2014)
Book Review Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research Edited by Jennifer S. Hawkins and Ezekiel J. Emanuel. 327 pp. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2008. $65 (cloth); $24.95 (paper). 978-0-691-12675-3 (cloth); 978-0-691-12676-0 (paper).
Authors: Carmen Paradis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Macrophage functions after exposure to nonfibrous mineral dusts.
Authors: F Tilkes, E G Beck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The effects of the standard dusts, electrocorundum, and Dorentruper quartz (DQ12), as well as mine dusts have been tested in guinea pig lung macrophage cultures. The parameters compared were: release of lactic dehydrogenase for demonstration of plasma membrane permeability and production of lactic acid as an indicator of carbohydrate metabolism. In addition to the dose-dependent toxicity of different mine, coal and other mineral dusts, we studied the influence of cell culture media and the supplement of fetal calf serum (FCS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) upon the cell toxicity in this test system. We demonstrated a protective effect of FCS and BSA on dusts of low and medium toxicity, while dusts of high toxicity, like DQ12, were not influenced in their toxicity.
Breast Cancer Prediction and the Wolfe Classification of Mammograms
Authors: Thomas Carlile
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Mammographic parenchymal patterns have been proposed as a method of determining women at high risk of developing breast cancer. Wolfe's original report of relative risks as high as 37:1 for "dysplastic" breasts (DY) as compared with adipose breasts (N1), with intermediate values of P1 and P2, were not uniformly confirmed by others. (Relative risks are used here as the equivalent of odds ratios.) A case-control study of 706 breast cancers, each with two matching controls, drawn from 40,000 participants in four Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project clinics, was conducted to assess the role of the Wolfe classification of breast parenchymal patterns as a breast-cancer risk factor together with a set of well-established risk factors for breast cancer. Relative risks of 3.1 for DY to N1, 3.5 for P2 to N1, and 2.0 for P1 to N1 were determined. These are comparable to or greater than other known risk factors found in the same population. The Wolfe classification of parenchymal patterns strengthens the basis for clinical judgment, but should not be used exclusively to determine intervention in an individual patient's care. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1050-1053)
Abnormal properties of collagen lysyl hydroxylase from skin fibroblasts of siblings with hydroxylysine-deficient collagen.
Authors: R S Quinn, S M Krane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Skin fibroblasts from two siblings with hydroxylysine-deficient collagen collagen (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type VI) contained normal levels of collagen prolyl hydroxylase activity but were markedly deficient in collagen lysyl hydroxylase activity. The deficiency was evident in all fractions of cell lysates, in low and high ionic strength buffers, and in detergent. Assays of mixtures of wild-type and mutant cell lysates indicated no activation of mutant enzyme by factors in wild-type cells or inhibition of normal enzyme by material in mutant cells. Wild type or mutant cells cultured with ascorbic acid (50 mug/ml of culture medium, added daily) contained approximately the same level of lysyl hydroxylase activity as cells cultured without ascorbate, but prolyl hydroxylase activity without ascorbate was depressed in both an average of 41%. The mutant lysyl hydroxylase was less stable at 37 degrees C than the wild type and did not form high molecular weight aggregates in low ionic strength buffers, as did the control enzyme. The activity of the mutant enzyme was maximally stimulated after dialysis against buffer solutions containing 10 mM dithiothreitol. When assayed in 100 muM dithiothreitol, the mutant enzyme exhibited a higher apparent Km for ascorbate (20 muM) than the wild type (4 muM). In 1.0 mM dithiothreitol the mutant enzyme's apparent Km for ascorbate was reduced to 5 muM. Wild type and mutant enzymes had the same apparent Km for alpha-keto-glutarate (20 muM). The properties of prolyl hydroxylase in wild type and mutant cells were identical: apparent Km's for ascorbate and alpha-ketoglutarate were 100 muM and 20 muM, respectively. If mutant enzyme protein with altered kinetic properties is the only enzyme functioning to hydroxylate lysyl residues in collagen, the variations in hydroxylysine content observed in collagen from different tissues in the subjects reported here could be in part due to differences in cofactor concentrations and in rate and sequence of events in collagen synthesis in different tissues.
Six polio vaccination workers are shot dead in Pakistan
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Six polio vaccination workers have been shot and killed in Pakistan. Five workers were killed in Karachi, and another was killed in the city of Peshawar, in what Pakistani police told the BBC were “pre-planned and coordinated attacks.”

Another man was also shot, but it is unclear whether this shooting was linked to the polio vaccination campaign.

The shootings took place during …
MYOCARDIAL LAYER-SPECIFIC EFFECT OF MYOBLAST CELL SHEET IMPLANTATION FOR MYOCARDIAL REGENERATION EVALUATED BY TISSUE STRAIN IMAGING STUDY
Authors: Yasuhiro Shudo, Shigeru Miyagawa, Satoshi Nakatani, Atsuhiro Saito, Taichi Sakaguchi, Satoshi Kainuma, Tatsuya Shimizu, Teruo Okano, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Fish oil prevents sucrose-induced fatty liver but exacerbates high-safflower oil-induced fatty liver in ddy mice
Authors: Tomomi Yamazaki, Akiko Nakamori, Eriko Sasaki, Satoshi Wada, Osamu Ezaki
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Diets high in sucrose/fructose or fat can result in hepatic steatosis (fatty liver). We analyzed the effects of dietary fish oil on fatty liver induced by sucrose, safflower oil, and butter in ddY mice. In experiment I, mice were fed a high-starch diet [70 energy% (en%) starch] plus 20% (wt/wt) sucrose in the drinking water or fed a high-safflower oil diet (60 en%) for 11 weeks. As a control, mice were fed a high-starch diet with drinking water. Fish oil (10 en%) was either supplemented or not. Mice supplemented with sucrose or fed safflower oil showed a 1.7-fold or 2.2-fold increased liver triglyceride content, respectively, compared with that of control mice. Fish oil completely prevented sucrose-induced fatty liver, whereas it exacerbated safflower oil-induced fatty liver. Sucrose increased SREBP-1c and target gene messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and fish oil completely inhibited these increases. In experiment II, mice were fed a high-safflower oil or a high-butter diet, with or without fish oil supplementation. Fish oil exacerbated safflower oil–induced fatty liver but did not affect butter-induced fatty liver. Fish oil increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and target CD36 mRNA in safflower oil-fed mice. These increases were not observed in sucrose-supplemented or butter-fed mice. Conclusion: The effects of dietary fish oil on fatty liver differ according to the cause of fatty liver; fish oil prevents sucrose-induced fatty liver but exacerbates safflower oil-induced fatty liver. The exacerbation of fatty liver may be due, at least in part, to increased expression of liver PPARγ. (Hepatology 2007.)
Detection of Large Intrahepatic Cholangiectases in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography
Authors: L. Theilmann, A. Stiehl
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Cholangiographic features of primary sclerosing cholangitis are multiple strictures and alternating dilated and normal segments of both intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Formerly, intrahepatic cholangiectases have been shown only in explanted livers, but we now describe the presence of large intrahepatic cholangiectases in a 22-year-old male patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis, visualized using a balloon catheter at endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Cholangiectases in this patient appear to have been caused by the disease and not as a result of prestenotic dilatations. To treat possible early complications of this condition, we recommend looking for these cholangiectases when diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is performed in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Calcium Intake, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes After 5 Years
Authors: Claudia Gagnon, Zhong X. Lu, Dianna J. Magliano, David W. Dunstan, Jonathan E. Shaw, Paul Z. Zimmet, Ken Sikaris, Narelle Grantham, Peter R. Ebeling, Robin M. Daly
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To examine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and dietary calcium predict incident type 2 diabetes and insulin sensitivity.A total of 6,537 of the 11,247 adults evaluated in 1999-2000 in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study, returned for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 2004-2005. We studied those without diabetes who had complete data at baseline (n = 5,200; mean age 51 years; 55% were women; 92% were Europids). Serum 25OHD and energy-adjusted calcium intake (food frequency questionnaire) were assessed at baseline. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between serum 25OHD and dietary calcium on 5-year incidence of diabetes (diagnosed by OGTT) and insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity [HOMA-S]), adjusted for multiple potential confounders, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG).During the 5-year follow-up, 199 incident cases of diabetes were diagnosed. Those who developed diabetes had lower serum 25OHD (mean 58 vs. 65 nmol/L; P < 0.001) and calcium intake (mean 881 vs. 923 mg/day; P = 0.03) compared with those who remained free of diabetes. Each 25 nmol/L increment in serum 25OHD was associated with a 24% reduced risk of diabetes (odds ratio 0.76 [95% CI 0.63-0.92]) after adjusting for age, waist circumference, ethnicity, season, latitude, smoking, physical activity, family history of diabetes, dietary magnesium, hypertension, serum triglycerides, and FPG. Dietary calcium intake was not associated with reduced diabetes risk. Only serum 25OHD was positively and independently associated with HOMA-S at 5 years.Higher serum 25OHD levels, but not higher dietary calcium, were associated with a significantly reduced risk of diabetes in Australian adult men and women.