tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synovitis in knee osteoarthritis: a precursor or a concomitant feature?
Authors: Chao Zeng, Yu-sheng Li, Guang-hua Lei
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Synovitis in knee osteoarthritis: a precursor or a concomitant feature?We read with deep interest the article by Atukorala et al 1 aimed at determining if synovitis precedes the development of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (ROA).This nested case-control study suggested that effusion-synovitis and Hoffa-synovitis strongly predicted the development of incident ROA.We really appreciate the work which was done by the authors.The findings supported the potential role of targeted therapies for synovitis in the prevention of knee osteoarthritis (OA).However, there are some worthwhile issues that need to be explored.Effusion-synovitis and Hoffa-synovitis were assessed by MRI, while ROA was evaluated by a posterior-anterior radiograph.We agree with the authors' point of view that the best imaging method to identify synovial inflammation is by MRI, and MRI is useful to investigate early 'preclinical' disease before radiographic changes occur.However, we have no idea why the authors did not use MRI to evaluate the ROA.A new study conducted by Culvenor et al 2 reported that of all the knee osteophytes (OSPs) presented on MRI (67%), just over one-third (26%) were visible on radiographs following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).Of the 21 ACLR knees with MRI-defined tibiofemoral OA, 18 (86%) did not have radiographic tibiofemoral OA, which means that MRI is also useful in diagnosing early OA before radiographic changes occur.So it is hard to say that the sequence of synovitis and ROA was not because of unequal diagnostic method.We very much look forward to the causal relationship between synovitis and development of ROA, which were both evaluated by MRI.In addition, ROA was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade ≤2.4][5][6] We are also very curious about whether the causal relationship between synovitis and development of early ROA (K-L grade 1 or 2) still remained.The result of this sensitivity analysis is worthy of expectation.In addition to all the above, there are some other issues that need to be mentioned.First, the authors indicated that pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to OA pathogenesis by increasing cartilage degradation.Since K-L grade is largely driven by the presence of OSP, particularly between grades 0 and 2, OSP and joint space narrowing assessed individually according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International atlas 7 would be better.The result of this subgroup analysis is also worthy of expectation.Second, the authors indicated that their study suggested that synovial membrane inflammation plays a role early in ROA.Is it possible that synovitis and ROA were caused by some common pathogenesis?Third, there should be some other confounders that need to be addressed, such as serum C-reactive protein level.Finally, the OR for occurrence of ROA associated with the presence of effusionsynovitis in P0 was 4.7 (2.35-9.34),while it was 4.7 (1.10-2.95) in the Abstract.
108 ASSOCIATION OF GENES REGULATING VITAMIN D HOMEOSTASIS WITH VITAMIN D LEVELS AND LIVER FIBROSIS IN A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: F. Grünhage, K. Hochrath, M. Krawczyk, B. Obermayer-Pietsch, M. Trauner, F. Lammert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Monocyte antigens may cause graft rejection
Authors: Elizabeth Pease
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Monocyte cross matching should be done before patients undergo renal transplantation, according to James Cerilli, MD, professor of surgery at Ohio State University. The technique involves obtaining an almost pure monocyte preparation from the kidney donor's WBCs and mixing this preparation with the recipient's serum. Then, Cerilli says, "You look to see if there is anything in the serum that kills those cells." This technique, he adds, is only moderately more difficult than standard cross matching. During the annual meeting of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons in Chicago, Cerilli reported on a preliminary study designed to evaluate the relationship between renal allograft survival and results of monocyte cross matching. "We attempted to show," he explains, "that patients who have antibody to [donor] monocytes do poorly, even when all the other immunologic parameters predict an excellent outcome." Earlier investigations by Peter Stastny, MD, of the University of Texas at Dallas
The etiology of acute hepatitis superimposed upon previously unrecognized asymptomatic HBsAg carriers
Authors: Chia-Ming Chu, Yun-Fan Liaw, Chia C. Pao, Miau-Ju Huang
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

To study the etiology of acute hepatitis superimposed upon previously unrecognized asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, paired sera were collected in acute and convalescence phases for measurement of HBeAg, anti-HBe, hepatitis B virus DNA and anti-delta from 76 adult patients with acute hepatitis who were HBsAg positive but IgM anti-HBc negative or positive only at low titer. None of them were IgM anti-hepatitis A virus positive on admission. Of the 34 patients who were HBeAg positive initially, two (5.9%) were diagnosed as having delta superinfection, and another two (5.9%) were suspected to have non-A, non-B virus superinfection because of a transient decrease of serum hepatitis B virus DNA. The remaining 30 (88.2%) cases were hepatitis B virus DNA negative with or without anti-HBe seroconversion on follow-up. The episodes of acute hepatitis in these cases may represent “immune clearance of HBeAg” or “immune clearance of hepatitis B virus with delayed anti-HBe seroconversion,” respectively, in the natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Of the patients who were anti-HBe positive initially, 23 (54.8%) were diagnosed as having delta superinfection, including eight with de novo seroconversion of anti-delta and 15 with a rising titer of anti-delta; 10 (23.8%) were positive for hepatitis B virus DNA and were considered as reactivation of hepatitis B virus, and the other nine (21.4%) were suspected as having non-A, non-B virus superinfection. We conclude that the vast majority of episodes of acute hepatitis in HBeAg carriers may represent immune clearance of hepatitis B virus in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and, by contrast, in anti-HBe carriers they are usually the result of superinfection with other non-B viruses, the majority of which are due to delta superinfection.
Immunohistochemical Phenotype after 20-Year Follow-Up of the Royal Marsden Tamoxifen Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (RMTBCPT).
Authors: S. Detre, S. Ashley, A. Tidy, I. Smith, T. Powles, M. Dowsett
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: 20-yrs after starting the randomized, double-blind RMTBCPT (13-year median follow-up) 186 women developed invasive breast cancer, 82 on tamoxifen and 104 on placebo1. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of invasive ER+ but not ER- breast cancer that was significant after but not during the 8yr treatment period. The phenotype of ER+ breast cancer is highly variable. We have therefore assessed PgR, HER2, EGFR and Ki67 expression in as many as possible of these tumours.Methods: Tumour blocks were available on 154 participants, 65 on tamoxifen and 89 on placebo a similar distribution to the whole population. Staining was conducted using the following antibodies: ER, clone 6F11(Vector); PgR, clone 16 (Vector); HER2, HercepTest + K5207 (Dako), FISH PathVysion (Abbott) for IHC 2+ cases; EGFR, clone 31G7 (Invitrogen); Ki67 clone Mib1(Dako). ER and PgR were quantified as H-scores, HER2 and EGFR as + or –, and Ki67 as % cells staining.Results: There were 47 and 18 ER+ and ER- tumours in the tamoxifen arm vs 76 and 13 in the placebo arm, showing a 37% (95% CI 10- 57%, p=0.01) reduction of ER+ tumours which was essentially the same as that in the whole population1.There were 38 and 27 PgR+ and PgR- tumours in the tamoxifen arm vs 58 and 31 in the placebo arm, showing a 33% (95% CI 0-56%, p=0.05) reduction of PgR+ tumours. The distribution of ER/PgR tumours according to arm and time on trial at tumour diagnosis is shown in the table (there were no ER-PgR+ cases).The decrement in ER+ tumours was predominantly in ER+PgR+ cases after 8yrs but extended to ER+PgR- cases. It is important to note that the post 8yr tumour phenotype cannot be affected by continued exposure to tamoxifen. ER levels were significantly lower in the tamoxifen-treated group even among tumours presenting as ER+ (median H-score 123 vs 161, p=0.02). There were 9 and 6 HER2+ and 11 and 12 EGFR+ cases in the tamoxifen and placebo arms, respectively (p=NS for both). The mean (95%CI) levels of Ki67 were 8.4% (6.3-11.1) and 8.5% (6.8-10.6) in the 2 arms, respectively.Discussion: The decrement in ER+ tumours in the tamoxifen-treated women was restricted to the post-treatment period and was similar to that seen in the overall population1. Among the ER+ group there was a similar proportional reduction of PgR+ and PgR- tumours by tamoxifen.There was no evidence of enhanced HER2 or EGFR expression or increased proliferation in tumours developing in the tamoxifen arm but ER expression was reduced even among ER+ tumours.1Powles et al, JNCI, 2007;99:283-90. Time on trialPlaceboTamoxifenER+PgR+&amp;lt;8 years2622ER+PgR+&amp;gt;8 years3216ER+PgR-&amp;lt;8 years106ER+PgR-&amp;gt;8 years83ER-PgR-&amp;lt;8 years711ER-PgR-&amp;gt;8 years67All&amp;lt;8 years4339All&amp;gt;8 years4626 Supported by the Da Costa International Fund for Breast Cancer Prevention Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1046.
Clinical significance of anti-annexin V antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Junichi Kaburaki, Masataka Kuwana, Mihoko Yamamoto, Shinichi Kawai, Yasuo Ikeda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Annexin V has a calcium-dependent binding affinity for anionic phospholipids and activated platelets, and prevents prothrombinase activity. We investigated the clinical significance of IgG anti-annexin V antibodies in patients with SLE. The study population consisted of 140 patients with SLE. Sera were examined for IgG anti-annexin V antibodies by ELISA. IgG anti-annexin V antibodies were detected in 27 of 140 patients (19%). Significantly higher incidences of arterial or venous thrombosis, intrauterine fetal loss, and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time were found in patients with anti-annexin V antibodies than in those without anti-annexin V antibodies. Three patients with thrombosis were found not to have anticardiolipin antibodies, but to show sustained serological reactions for anti-annexin V antibodies, irrespective of prednisolone administration. These results indicated the clinical characteristics of SLE patients with anti-annexin V antibodies, and that these antibodies may be associated with the pathogenesis of thrombotic events.
Molecular evolution in Hawaiian drosophilids
Authors: Rob DeSalle, John A. Hunt
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (1987)

The evolutionary relationships of the Hawaiian drosophilids have been studied by several molecular techniques. Immunological measurements have determined some of the distances between the major groups. More detailed studies have used protein polymorphism, DNA hybridization, DNA restriction enzyme analysis and DNA sequence studies of both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. These studies indicate both the strengths and the weaknesses of the various methods and suggest new ways to examine phylogenetic relationships and question some of the accepted ph ylogenies.
Mechanism of decreased left ventricular stroke volume during inspiration in man.
Authors: M Karam, R A Wise, T K Natarajan, S Permutt, H N Wagner
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Radionuclide ventriculography was performed in 15 healthy subjects during quiet breathing and during inspiration against a 24 cm H2O threshold load with a respiratory gating technique. Inspiratory threshold loading caused an inspiratory decrease in ejection fraction from 64% to 59% (p less than .001). Stroke counts proportional to stroke volume decreased by 9.6% (p less than .02) due to an increase in end-systolic counts of 15.9% (p less than .05). End-diastolic counts decreased in four subjects and increased in three subjects, but the mean counts did not change significantly. These findings suggest that negative pleural pressure causes an impediment to left ventricular ejection comparable to an increase in arterial pressure. Respiratory gating of radionuclide ventriculography during loaded breathing is suggested as a controlled stress on the ventricle for diagnostic purposes.
La carcinose péritonéale est-elle une bonne indication de prothèse colique?
Authors: R Laugier, A Laquiere, E Ileana
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: La pose de prothèse duodénale ou recto-colique est devenue une attitude acceptée en cas de sténose maligne du colon. Ces prothèses sont-elles également efficaces en cas de sténose maligne extrinsèque?
Rheumatic disorders and primary biliary cirrhosis: an appraisal of 170 Italian patients
Authors: B Marasini, M Gagetta, V Rossi, P Ferrari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To establish the frequency of connective tissue diseases (CTD) in a cohort of Italian patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and to evaluate the availability of a marker for the early identification of the more common associated CTD. <h3>METHODS</h3> One hundred and seventy consecutive patients with histologically diagnosed PBC were screened for the presence of a CTD and/or Raynaud9s phenomenon (RP). Patients were classified as having a CTD only if they fulfilled standardised criteria. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Forty seven patients had a CTD. The most common CTD was systemic sclerosis (SSc), found in 21 patients. RP was present in 54 patients, most of whom (n=39) had an associated CTD. The most prevalent autoantibodies included antinuclear antibodies (ANA) with anticentromere (ACA) and speckled patterns (34 and 33 patients, respectively) and extractable nuclear antigens (ENA, 27 patients). However, while the frequencies of ACA and ENA were significantly higher in patients with an associated CTD (p&lt;0.0001 and p&lt;0.005, respectively), no relationship was found for speckled ANA. ACA was the best predictor of a CTD in patients with PBC (odds ratio (OR) 24.5, 95% CI 5.5 to 108.8), followed by the presence of ENA (OR 23.9, 95% CI 5.6 to 101.0) and RP (OR 20.2, 95% CI 5.7 to 71.2). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Using strict standardised classification criteria we have found that SSc is the most common CTD associated with PBC and that ACA and ENA are strong markers for an associated CTD in patients with PBC.
Glossopharyngeal Breathing as an Aid to the Coughing Mechanism in the Patient with Chronic Poliomyelitis in a Respirator
Authors: Charles I. Feigelson, David G. Dickinson, Norman S. Talner, James L. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL breathing, first described by Dail1 in 1951, is a technic for ventilating the lungs that does not require the use of the muscles of respiration. Instead, the muscles of the mouth and pharynx are utilized to force air into the lungs under positive pressure. A volume of air averaging 60 ml. is trapped in the pharynx when the mouth and nasopharynx are closed. The air is then forced into the trachea by the constricting action of the pharyngeal muscles and upward displacement of the tongue. The trapped air is held in the trachea and lungs by closing of the . . .
Activin A/erythroid differentiation factor is induced during human monocyte activation.
Authors: M Erämaa, M Hurme, U H Stenman, O Ritvos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Activin A/erythroid differentiation factor (EDF), a dimeric polypeptide hormone composed of two beta A subunits, regulates growth and erythroid differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitor and erythroleukemia cells. We have identified activated human peripheral blood monocytes as a natural source of activin A/EDF. In these cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced rapidly the expression of the beta A subunit mRNAs through protein kinase C-dependent transcriptional regulation. The beta A subunit mRNA expression was also increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, an inducer of macrophage maturation of monocytes. Western analysis with an anti-beta A antibody and an erythroid differentiation bioassay confirmed that the conditioned media of LPS-activated monocytes contained the activin A/EDF protein. We suggest that monocyte/macrophage-derived activin A/EDF may not only modulate hematopoiesis but may also act as a mediator molecule in the diverse physiologic and pathogenetic events in which these cells are involved.
Burrowing through blocked arteries with a balloon 'relocates' plaques
Authors: May Annexton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In the wake of the current controversy concerning the value of coronary bypass surgery, alternative methods for dealing with some forms of heart disease command special attention. So it is with the recently publicized use of a balloon catheter for "relocation" of plaque in the arteries to increase their patency. On June 15, 1978, the<i>New York Times, Time</i>magazine, CBS's Walter Cronkite, and the<i>International Herald Tribune</i>all reported on a "balloon which clears up heart arteries." A press conference on the subject had been held by Simon Stertzer, MD, head of the Hemodynamics Laboratory at New York's Lenox Hill Hospital. The four news articles tell the same story: A patient at Lenox Hill Hospital agreed to forego coronary artery bypass surgery to repair his clogged arteries and opted for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. In this procedure a small deflated balloon catheter is threaded through the narrowed artery and
Trends in Biliary Surgery
Authors: Kenneth W. Warren, Gabriel A. Kune
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE significant recent trends in diagnostic and surgical technics related to biliary surgery are presented in this paper, with emphasis on the fact that complicated diagnostic technics are valuable only in a relatively small proportion of cases. In the majority of patients undergoing biliary surgery a carefully taken, detailed history, complete physical examination, simple laboratory tests and an accurate demonstration of the pathologic changes at operation remain the sheet anchors of sound treatment. The second part of the paper deals with recent advances in the preparation, selection and surgical technic of patients with biliary disorders.Diagnostic TechnicsIntravenous CholangiographyIntravenous . . .
474 ADVANCED FIBROSIS AND THE RISK OF LIVER DECOMPENSATION AMONG HIV/HCV-COINFECTED INDIVIDUALS: CONSEQUENCES FOR THE TIMING OF THERAPY AGAINST HCV
Authors: J. Macias, A. Camacho, M.A. von Wichmann, L.F. López-Cortés, E. Ortega, C. Tural, M.J. Ríos, D. Merino, F. Téllez, M. Márquez, J.A. Pineda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Comparative incidence of pregnancy outcomes in thrombophilia-positive women from the NOH-APS observational study
Authors: Sylvie Bouvier, Éva Cochery-Nouvellon, Géraldine Lavigne-Lissalde, Érick Mercier, Pascale Fabbro-Peray, Jean-Pierre Balducchi, Pierre Marès, Jean-Christophe Gris
Journal: Blood (2013)
COMBINED PHARMACO-FEVER TREATMENT WITH IMIPRAMINE (TOFRĀNIL) AND TYPHOID VACCINE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DEPRESSIVE CONDITIONS
Authors: H. E. LEHMANN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

Imipramine (Tofrānil) therapy and artificial pyrexia obtained through the intravenous administration of typhoid vaccine in gradually increasing amounts were combined in the therapeutic management of special clinical problems encountered in depressed patients. Shortening of the time lag between the start of treatment and first significant improvement, a final favourable response in patients who at first had proved refractory to the drug and therapeutic control of acutely suicidal patients were the criteria for successful responses. These special criteria were met in 15 of our 28 patients (58%) subjected to pharmaco-fever therapy. It is assumed that the mechanism which contributed to a favourable response include the physiological lowering of the blood-brain barrier with a resulting increase of drug concentration in the target organ. On the psychological side, the unspecffic anxiety-reducing effects of pyrexia are noted as well as the facilitation of clinical and nursing management of acutely suicidal patients if they are confined to bed with a recurring fever of moderate degree.
Erratum to: Genome-wide mutational landscape of mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei of appendiceal origin
Authors: Hakan Alakus, Michele L Babicky, Pradipta Ghosh, Shawn Yost, Kristen Jepsen, Yang Dai, Angelo Arias, Michael L Samuels, Evangeline S Mose, Richard B Schwab, Michael R Peterson, Andrew M Lowy, Kelly A Frazer, Olivier Harismendy
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

Abstract No abstract.
Simulation of action potential propagation in an inhomogeneous sheet of coupled excitable cells.
Authors: R W Joyner, F Ramón, J W Morre
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Cable theory and active equivalent circuits have been used to simulate the propagation of action potentials along a single nerve or muscle fiber by representing the cell as a unidimensional cable composed of isopotential segments. We extended this method to a two-dimensional sheet of cells which in many ways represents the atrium. Our method consisted of solving for the potential profile of a sheet composed of a large number of isopotential membrane patches, each of which was represented by an active equivalent circuit in which the ionic conductances were functions of voltage and time. The patches were arranged in a rectangular array with resistive interconnections that could be varied over the sheet. We used this model to study the effect of various inhomogeneities on conduction velocity and the resulting wave fronts in a sheet of excitable tissue. Some of these inhomogeneities included different effective internal resistances in the x and y directions, preferential pathways, and discrete regions of changing resistive connections. The results showed that very localized changes in membrane properties or cellular interconnections produce changes in the wave front over broad areas. This model provides a method for computing the wave fronts of action potential propagation in any two-dimensional inhomogeneous sheet of coupled excitable cells.
A METHOD OF PREVENTING PUERPERAL INFECTION
Authors: F. H. Whyte
Journal: BMJ (1922)

JOUAr-The patient is a professional man, aged-54wlho was in the north durinig the eclipse, Iand was seen by one of us (P.M.) on April 13tlh.The eclipse of the sun (annular) occurred on April 8tI.He gave a history whichl is set out below-from
Cocaine use in England and Wales rises as cannabis use falls
Authors: H. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The number of people using cocaine in England and Wales rose last year, although fewer people used cannabis, the latest figures show. 

The data from the NHS Information Centre, published this week, are set against an overall decline in drug misuse over recent years.

The figures show that in 2006-7 2.6% of adults reported taking cocaine, an estimated 835 000 people. This is an increase of 0.2% from the previous year and a 2% rise since 1996.

However, the use of cannabis continues to fall. It reached a …