tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ban on cluster bombs a “victory for humanity,” say campaigners
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Disability campaigners and survivors of cluster bombs have welcomed the comprehensive ban on cluster munitions agreed last week in Dublin. As well as outlawing an entire class of weapons, the ban includes provisions to help victims.

Thomas Nash, coordinator of the Cluster Munition Coalition, said, “We have consigned cluster bombs to the dustbin of history and stigmatised their use. With this historic agreement cluster bombs can never be used, produced, or transferred again, and this is a victory for humanity.”

The agreement “raises the bar for treaties covering conventional weapons, particularly around …
Points: Really a cerebrovascular accident
Authors: R T D FitzGerald
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Social class and private referrals Patients opting Total referred for private Social class population referral 1 5 % 9% 2 22-9% 40°% 3 56-6% 440°o 4 12-1% 6°,' 5 3-2°1% N= 694(100%) N= 139(100°o)health insurance schemes.Of 43 domiciliary visits by specialists, 10 (23 %) were carried out in private consultations although only six (14%) patients belonged to a private health insurance scheme.I agree that much more information is required about private practice in this country but I submit that the statistics presented here are rather more "central" than "peripheral."
Utilization of Iron Dextran
Authors: A. G. Davies, M. R. Beamish, A. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The utilization of iron dextran was investigated in normal subjects, in patients with iron-deficiency anaemia, and in anaemias associated with rheumatoid arthritis, reticulosis, and uraemia. Utilization of iron for haemoglobin formation at 14 days was found to be depressed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, reticulosis, and uraemia, but when a concomitant iron-deficiency anaemia was present utilization was significantly increased. When iron dextran is used to treat anaemias in such conditions an optimum therapeutic response will be obtained only when bone marrow iron stores are absent.
Grand Rounds: Latex-Induced Occupational Asthma in a Surgical Pathologist
Authors: Judith Green-McKenzie, Debra Hudes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Context: Latex allergy and sensitization have been an important problem facing health care workers. Providing a latex-safe environment is the intervention of choice.Case Presentation: A 46-year-old surgical pathologist presented with increasing shortness of breath for the previous 4 years. Twenty years before presentation, he noted a pruritic, erythematous rash on his hands, associated with latex glove use. Fourteen years before presentation, during pathology residency, he developed a nonproductive cough, wheezing, and an urticarial rash, temporally associated with use of powdered latex gloves. These symptoms improved while away from work. At presentation, he had one-flight dyspnea. His skin prick test was positive for latex, and pulmonary function testing showed mild obstruction, which was reversible with bronchodilator use. Because the patient was at risk for worsening pulmonary function and possible anaphylaxis with continued exposure, he was removed from the workplace because no reasonable accommodation was made for him at that time.Discussion: The patient's presentation is consistent with latex-induced occupational asthma. Initially noting dermal manifestations, consistent with an allergic contact dermatitis secondary to accelerators present in latex gloves, he later developed urticaria, flushing, and respiratory symptoms, consistent with a type I hypersensitivity reaction to latex. He also has reversible airways disease, with significant improvement of peak expiratory flow rate and symptoms when away from work.Relevance to Clinical or Professional Practice: The ideal treatment for latex sensitization is removal from and avoidance of exposure. Clinicians should consider occupational asthma when patients present with new-onset asthma or asthmatic symptoms that worsen at work.
Can BRIGHT Restore the Glow of Bivalirudin?
Authors: Matthew A. Cavender, David P. Faxon
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening Newborns for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection—Reply
Authors: Suresh B. Boppana, Karen B. Fowler, Shannon A. Ross
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GROWTH FAILURE AND GROWTH-HORMONE DEFICIENCY AFTER TREATMENT FOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: JudyA. Kirk, MichaelM. Stevens, MargaretA. Menser, Arnold Tink, Palany Raghupathy, ChristopherT. Cowell, Mary Bergin, RobertH. Vines, Martin Silink
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
20 years of toxicology.
Authors: B E Fisher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

With over 80,000 chemicals being used in commerce worldwide, it is important to identify the human health effects of these chemicals and the levels of exposure at which they are harmful to humans. In order to address this need, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) was established in 1978; since then, the NTP has become the world's leader in designing, conducting, and interpreting various types of toxicity assays.
Efficacy of myocardial initial reperfusion with 2,3 butanedione monoxime after cardioplegic arrest is time-dependent
Authors: H Habazettl
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

In a previous study, initial reperfusion of isolated hearts after cardioplegic arrest with 2,3 butanedione monoxime (BDM) for 5 min was markedly superior to warm hyperkalemic reperfusion in improving the initial oxygen balance and reducing reperfusion arrhythmias. However, left ventricular contractility was only marginally enhanced. The goal of the present study was to test, wether the efficacy of BDM reperfusion can be enhanced by prolonging the application period.32 Langendorff perfused guinea pig hearts were subjected to 50 min of cardioplegic arrest in St. Thomas Hospital II solution at 37 degrees C for 50 min. Control hearts (n = 8) were immediately reperfused with normal Krebs solution for 30 min. In BDM-5, BDM-20, and BDM-40 hearts (n = 8, each), a 5, 20, or 40 min period of initial BDM reperfusion preceded perfusion with normal Krebs.BDM markedly improved the O2 balance during initial reperfusion by reducing O2 demand by over 50% (p < 0.01) in all treatment groups while coronary flow was maintained. Reperfusion contracture, estimated by the end-diastolic balloon pressure was inhibited by more than 50% in BDM-20 and BDM-40 hearts. Recovery of left ventricular developed pressure, dP/dtmax, and -dP/dtmax was significantly enhanced throughout the reperfusion period only in the BDM-20 group (p < 0.05). Myocardial ultrastructure was best preserved in BDM-20 hearts.20 min of initial BDM reperfusion were clearly superior to immediate Krebs reperfusion or a shorter (5 min) or longer (40 min) BDM treatment period in attenuating reperfusion damage. Thus, contraction uncoupling during initial reperfusion by BDM or similarly acting drugs may prove a viable technique to reduce myocardial reperfusion damage in patients undergoing open heart surgery.
Neoadjuvant bevacizumab, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy for primary inflammatory HER2-positive breast cancer (BEVERLY-2): an open-label, single-arm phase 2 study
Authors: Jean-Yves Pierga, Thierry Petit, Thierry Delozier, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Mario Campone, Joseph Gligorov, Florence Lerebours, Henri Roché, Thomas Bachelot, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Maria Pavlyuk, Sandrine Kraemer, François-Clément Bidard, Patrice Viens
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Differential effects of metalloporphyrins on messenger RNA levels of delta-aminolevulinate synthase and heme oxygenase. Studies in cultured chick embryo liver cells.
Authors: E E Cable, J A Pepe, N C Karamitsios, R W Lambrecht, H L Bonkovsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The acute porphyrias in relapse are commonly treated with intravenous heme infusion to decrease the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase, normally the rate-controlling enzyme in heme biosynthesis. The biochemical effects of heme treatment are short-lived, probably due in part to heme-mediated induction of heme oxygenase, the rate-controlling enzyme for heme degradation. In this work, selected nonheme metalloporphyrins were screened for their ability to reduce delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNA and induce heme oxygenase mRNA in chick embryo liver cell cultures. Of the metalloporphyrins tested, only zinc-mesoporphyrin reduced delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNA without increasing heme oxygenase mRNA. The combination of zinc-mesoporphyrin and heme, at nanomolar concentrations, decreased delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of zinc-mesoporphyrin (50 nM) and heme (200 nM) decreased the half-life of the mRNA for delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase from 5.2 to 2.5 h, while a similar decrease was produced by heme (10 microM) alone (2.2 h). The ability of zinc-mesoporphyrin to supplement the reduction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNA by heme, in a process similar to that observed with heme alone, provides a rationale for further investigation of this compound for eventual use as a supplement to heme therapy of the acute porphyrias and perhaps other conditions in which heme may be of benefit.
Microdialysis-assessed interstitium alterations during sepsis: relationship to stage, infection, and pathogen
Authors: Petros Kopterides, Nikitas Nikitas, Dimitra Vassiliadi, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Maria Theodorakopoulou, Ioannis Ilias, Eleni Boutati, George Dimitriadis, Eirini Maratou, Argyris Diamantakis, Apostolos Armaganidis, Urban Ungerstedt, Ioanna Dimopoulou
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Ambient particulate air pollution, heart rate variability, and blood markers of inflammation in a panel of elderly subjects.
Authors: C Arden Pope, Matthew L Hansen, Russell W Long, Karen R Nielsen, Norman L Eatough, William E Wilson, Delbert J Eatough
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Epidemiologic studies report associations between particulate air pollution and cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unclear, it has been hypothesized that altered autonomic function and pulmonary/systemic inflammation may play a role. In this study we explored the effects of air pollution on autonomic function measured by changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and blood markers of inflammation in a panel of 88 elderly subjects from three communities along the Wasatch Front in Utah. Subjects participated in multiple sessions of 24-hr ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and blood tests. Regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between fine particulate matter [aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microm (PM2.5)] and HRV, C-reactive protein (CRP), blood cell counts, and whole blood viscosity. A 100- microg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with approximately a 35 (SE = 8)-msec decline in standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN, a measure of overall HRV); a 42 (SE = 11)-msec decline in square root of the mean of the squared differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals (r-MSSD, an estimate of short-term components of HRV); and a 0.81 (SE = 0.17)-mg/dL increase in CRP. The PM2.5-HRV associations were reasonably consistent and statistically robust, but the CRP association dropped to 0.19 (SE = 0.10) after excluding the most influential subject. PM2.5 was not significantly associated with white or red blood cell counts, platelets, or whole-blood viscosity. Most short-term variability in temporal deviations of HRV and CRP was not explained by PM2.5; however, the small statistically significant associations that were observed suggest that exposure to PM2.5 may be one of multiple factors that influence HRV and CRP.
Reactivated fulminant hepatitis B virus replication after bone marrow transplantation: clinical course and possible treatment with ganciclovir
Authors: Thomas Mertens, Josef Köck, Walter Hampl, Hans-Jürgen Schlicht, Hans L. Tillmann, Karl-Jürgen Oldhafer, Michael P. Manns, Renate Arnold
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
A new point of care cotinine test for saliva to identify and monitor smoking habit
Authors: Graham F. Cope, Houdini H.T. Wu, Grace V. O'Donovan, Heather J. Milburn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

To the Editors:

We welcome the paper by Caponnetto et al. [1], in which they evaluated a nicotine-free inhalator as part of a smoking cessation programme. In the randomised controlled trial, they found no significant improvement with the inhalator, but further analysis of the data showed a significant increase in cessation rate among those with strong and very strong behavioural dependence as measured by questionnaire. While this was a good attempt to find inexpensive means to improve smoking cessation, we question their methodology to assess smoking dependency and abstinence.

Questionnaires such as those used for the Fagerstrom Dependence Score and the Glover–Nilsson Smoking Behavioural Questionnaire are subject to bias and intentional and unintentional under-reporting. Also, smoke topography, the way a …
Abstract P6-01-02: Flat Epithelial Atypia of the Breast on Core Needle Biopsies — To Re-Excise or Not
Authors: I Uzoaru, BR Morgan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Flat epithelial atypia (FEA) of the breast have a tendency to calcify, and as such, are becoming increasingly detected by mammography. There is no consensus yet on whether to excise these lesions or not after diagnosis on core needle biopsies (CNB). We reviewed 3948 consecutive mammotome breast CNB from our surgical pathology files between June 2004 and June 2009 correlating histomorphologic, radiological, and clinical features. Diagnosis of FEA was made based on the 2003 WHO definition (replacement of native epithelial cells by a single layer of mildly atypical cells often with apical snouts, or proliferation of a monotonous atypical cell population in the form of stratification of uniform, cuboidal to columnar cells generally up to 3-5 cell layers with occasional mounding). There were145 (3.7%) cases of pure FEA and 58 (1.5%) cases of concomitant FEA and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). In the pure FEA population, the age range was 33-82 years (median 49 years) and 67 patients (67.4%) had calcifications on mammography. There were 95 patients of the pure FEA group who underwent subsequent excisional biopsies with the following findings: Benign-19(20%), ADH-36(38%), Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)-1(1.05%), DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)-2 (2.10%), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)-3 (3.15%). In the concomitant FEA and ADH group, the age range was 34-83 years (median 51.50), and 50 patients (86.2%) had calcifications on radiograph. Of these, 44 patients underwent subsequent excisions with the following findings: Benign-10(22.7%), DCIS-4 (9.09%), DCIS and IDC-2(4.54%), DCIS+lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) + Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)-1(2.27%), papillary carcinoma-1(2.27%), and tubular carcinoma-1(2.27%). The incidence of carcinoma in the FEA+ADH group is about 20% (9 out 44) and 3% (3 out of 95) for the pure FEA group. This difference is statistically significant (p=0.0016). The relative risk of carcinoma findings in the ADH+FEA group versus the pure FEA group is 6.4773, 95% CI: [1.8432, 22.76 24]. These findings suggest that pure FEA in spite of having an association with carcinoma, albeit a low association, has a greater association with ADH, a well known risk factor for development of breast cancer. The contentious issue, however, still remains what to do with FEA when diagnosed by CNB since there is no consensus on the clinical management. Additional studies are needed to further understand the natural history of these lesions and provide a guide for their management. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-01-02.
PREDICTION OF OUTCOMES BY LONGITUDINAL MYOCARDIAL STRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE, NON-ISCHEMIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Maria Cristina Donadio Abduch, Ivan Salgo, Wendy Tsang, Marcelo L.C. Vieira, Victoria Cruz, Marta Lima, Jeane Tsutsui, Victor Mor-Avi, Roberto M. Lang, Wilson Mathias
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Markers of inflammation are negatively correlated with serum leptin in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: C Popa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Leptin regulates food intake and modulates immunity and inflammation. A positive feedback mechanism has been described between tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and leptin, and it has been suggested that leptin potentiates inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).To assess whether inflammation correlates with leptin concentrations in patients with RA, and whether anti-TNF treatment modulates leptin concentrations in these patients.Leptin, IL6 and CRP were measured (at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment) in the blood of 31 patients with RA starting either anti-TNF treatment or placebo, and in 18 healthy controls.In patients with RA, plasma leptin concentrations at baseline correlated inversely with the degree of inflammation as assessed by C reactive protein (CRP; r(s)(2) = 0.21, p<0.01) or interleukin (IL) 6 concentrations (r(s)(2) = 0.22, p<0.008). Mean (SD) leptin concentrations did not differ between patients with RA and controls (6.0 (4.6) v 4.2 (2.8) ng/ml in men; 15.1 (7.9) v 13.4 (5.2) ng/ml in women). Short course anti-TNF treatment for 2 weeks did not modify leptin concentrations, despite significant reduction of CRP and IL6.A significant inverse correlation between inflammation and leptin concentrations was found in patients with active RA, although plasma leptin concentrations did not significantly differ from those in healthy controls. This suggests that active chronic inflammation may lower plasma leptin concentrations. Two weeks' treatment with anti-TNF did not change plasma leptin concentrations and longer treatment may be needed to see an effect on leptin.
Stress as a Potential Modifier of the Impact of Lead Levels on Blood Pressure: The Normative Aging Study
Authors: Junenette L. Peters, Laura Kubzansky, Eileen McNeely, Joel Schwartz, Avron Spiro, David Sparrow, Robert O. Wright, Huiling Nie, Howard Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundLead exposure and psychological stress have been independently associated with hypertension in various populations, and animal studies suggest that when they co-occur, their effects may be exacerbated.ObjectivesWe examined whether psychological stress modifies the impact of cumulative lead exposure (measured as bone lead levels) on hypertension and blood pressure in Boston-area community–exposed men participating in the Normative Aging Study.MethodsWe evaluated the modifying effect of stress on lead exposure on baseline hypertension status (513 participants) and on blood pressure in those without hypertension (237 participants), cross-sectionally. In baseline nonhypertensives, we examined the same risk factors in relation to prospective risk of developing hypertension.ResultsCross-sectional analysis revealed a positive interaction between stress and tibia lead on systolic blood pressure, after adjusting for age, body mass index, family history of high blood pressure, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and nutritional factors. In prospective multivariate analyses, high stress also modified the effect of tibia lead and patella lead on the risk of developing hypertension. Those reporting high stress had 2.66 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43–4.95] times the risk of developing hypertension per standard deviation increase in tibia lead and had 2.64 (95% CI, 1.42–4.92) times the risk per standard deviation increase in patella lead.ConclusionTo our knowledge, these are the first analyses to look at interactive effects of stress and lead on hypertension in humans. These results suggest that the effect of lead on hypertension is most pronounced among highly stressed individuals, independent of demographic and behavioral risk factors.
Expression of WSX1 in Tumors Sensitizes IL-27 Signaling-Independent Natural Killer Cell Surveillance
Authors: Denada Dibra, Jeffry J. Cutrera, Xueqing Xia, Mark P. Birkenbach, Shulin Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract It is well known that the interleukin (IL)-27 receptor WSX1 is expressed in immune cells and induces an IL-27–dependent immune response. Opposing this conventional dogma, this study reveals a much higher level of WSX1 expression in multiple types of epithelial tumor cells when compared with normal epithelial cells. Expression of exogenous WSX1 in epithelial tumor cells suppresses tumorigenicity in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Different from the role of WSX1 in immune cells, the antitumor activity of WSX1 in epithelial tumor cells is independent of IL-27 signaling but is mainly dependent on natural killer (NK) cell surveillance. Deficiency of either the IL-27 subunit EBV-induced gene 3 or the IL-27 receptor WSX1 in the host animals had no effect on tumor growth inhibition induced by WSX1 expression in tumor cells. Expression of WSX1 in epithelial tumor cells enhances NK cell cytolytic activity against tumor cells, whereas the absence of functional NK cells impairs the WSX1-mediated inhibition of epithelial tumor growth. The underlying mechanism by which WSX1 expression in tumor cells enhances NK cytolytic activity is dependent on up-regulation of NKG2D ligand expression. Our results reveal an IL-27–independent function of WSX1: sensitizing NK cell-mediated antitumor surveillance via a NKG2D-dependent mechanism. [Cancer Res 2009;69(13):5505–13]