tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of the Hong Kong/68 Variant of Influenza A2 in Britain
Authors: D. L. Miller, M. S. Pereira, M. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Two influenza epidemics in Britain in 1968-9 and 1969-70, were due to the Hong Kong/68 variant of influenza A2 virus. The first epidemic was prolonged with low morbidity and mortality rates; the second was sharp with high rates. The difference between total morbidity and mortality in the two epidemics, however, was less than it appeared to be-the estimated excess morbidity and mortality due to all causes in 1969-70 was only about 50% greater than in 1968-9.Antibody studies showed that about one-quarter of two groups of adults investigated were infected in the first epidemic and about one-third in the second. After the two epidemics about one-third still had no antibody to the A2/Hong Kong/68 virus.
The Practice of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide in the United States
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Elisabeth R. Daniels, Diane L. Fairclough, Brian R. Clarridge
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Despite intense debates about legalization, there are few data examining the details of actual euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) cases in the United States.To determine whether the practices of euthanasia and PAS are consistent with proposed safeguards and the effect on physicians of having performed euthanasia or PAS.Structured in-depth telephone interviews.Randomly selected oncologists in the United States.Adherence to primary and secondary safeguards for the practice of euthanasia and PAS; regret, comfort, and fear of prosecution from performing euthanasia or PAS.A total of 355 oncologists (72.6% response rate) were interviewed on euthanasia and PAS. On 2 screening questions, 56 oncologists (15.8%) reported participating in euthanasia or PAS; 53 oncologists (94.6% response rate) participated in in-depth interviews. Thirty-eight of 53 oncologists described clearly defined cases of euthanasia or PAS. Twenty-three patients (60.5%) both initiated and repeated their request for euthanasia or PAS, but 6 patients (15.8%) did not participate in the decision for euthanasia or PAS. Thirty-seven patients (97.4%) were experiencing unremitting pain or such poor physical functioning they could not perform self-care. Physicians sought consultation in 15 cases (39.5%). Overall, oncologists adhered to all 3 main safeguards in 13 cases (34.2%): (1) having the patient initiate and repeat the request for euthanasia or PAS, (2) ensuring the patient was experiencing extreme physical pain or suffering, and (3) consulting with a colleague. Those who adhered to the safeguards had known their patients longer and tended to be more religious. In 28 cases (73.7%), the family supported the decision. In all cases of pain, patients were receiving narcotic analgesia. Fifteen patients (39.5%) were enrolled in a hospice. While 19 oncologists (52.6%) received comfort from having helped a patient with euthanasia or PAS, 9 (23.7%) regretted having performed euthanasia or PAS, and 15 (39.5%) feared prosecution.Intractable pain or poor physical functioning seem to be nearly absolute requirements for physicians to perform euthanasia or PAS. Only one third of cases are performed consistently with proposed safeguards. For some patients, end-of-life care that includes opioid analgesia and hospice care does not obviate their desire for euthanasia or PAS. While the majority of physicians seem comforted by their actions, some experience adverse consequences from having performed euthanasia or PAS.
Maduromycosis Due to Allescheria boydii
Authors: John A. Mohr
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Maduromycosis due to Allescheria boydii is rare in the United States. To our knowledge, we have observed the first such infection in a woman of childbearing age. A remarkable feature of this case is the presence of cyclic remissions and exacerbations which appears to be related to the menstrual cycles and to pregnancy.
Factors Responsible for Acute Tubular Necrosis Following Lower Aortic Surgery
Authors: Samuel L. Kountz
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS is one of the most serious complications following lower aortic surgery. In some patients there is only transitory oliguria and mild elevation of the blood urea nitrogen, whereas others progress to anuria and die with uremia. The widespread application of aortoiliac reconstructive surgery for arteriosclerotic aneurysms and occlusive vascular disease necessitates a knowledge of the factors responsible for, and a means of, preventing this potentially fatal complication. Although the true incidence is difficult to determine, a review of 1,659 cases from 10 different series revealed an over-all incidence of 3.8 per cent, with a range up to 20 per cent.  Patients with surgical lesions of the aorto-iliac region have a high incidence of arteriosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, renal disease, 1 and genitourinary problems 2 which can and do compromise renal functions. Large and ruptured aneurysms may necessitate wide perirenal dissection and multiple transfusions, resulting in a period
The Temporal Distribution of Gene Duplication Events in a Set of Highly Conserved Human Gene Families
Authors: Robert Friedman, Austin L. Hughes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Using a data set of protein translations associated with map positions in the human genome, we identified 1520 mapped highly conserved gene families. By comparing sharing of families between genomic windows, we identified 92 potentially duplicated blocks in the human genome containing 422 duplicated members of these families. Using branching order in the phylogenetic trees, we timed gene duplication events in these families relative to the primate-rodent divergence, the amniote-amphibian divergence, and the deuterostome-protostome divergence. The results showed similar patterns of gene duplication times within duplicated blocks and outside duplicated blocks. Both within and outside duplicated blocks, numerous duplications were timed prior to the deuterostome-protostome divergence, whereas others occurred after the amniote-amphibian divergence. Thus, neither gene duplication in general nor duplication of genomic blocks could be attributed entirely to polyploidization early in vertebrate history. The strongest signal in the data was a tendency for intrachromosomal duplications to be more recent than interchromosomal duplications, consistent with a model whereby tandem duplication—whether of single genes or of genomic blocks—may be followed by eventual separation of duplicates due to chromosomal rearrangements. The rate of separation of tandemly duplicated gene pairs onto separated chromosomes in the human lineage was estimated at 1.7 × 10−9 per gene-pair per year.
Acyclovir and Behcet's Disease
Authors: JESUS PRIETO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Acyclovir and Behcet's DiseaseJESUS PRIETO, M.D., JUAN SUÁREZ, M.D., PILAR CIVEIRA, M.D.JESUS PRIETO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JUAN SUÁREZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PILAR CIVEIRA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-565_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Indirect evidence suggests that persistent herpes simplex virus infection might be involved in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease (1). Resegotti and Pistone (2) have reported in your journal that acyclovir, a potent antiherpetic drug (3), was effective in the treatment of a patient with Behçet's disease and severe neurologic involvement. We present an additional case of Behçet's disease in which acyclovir produced prompt and sustained improvement.A 36-year-old woman was hospitalized in May 1984 with a 2-year history of frequent bouts of painful oral and genital mucosal lesions, wrist and ankle arthritis, repeated episodes of dizziness and...References1. DENMAN A, FIALKOW P, PELTON B, SALO A, and APPLEFORD D. Attempts to establish a viral aetiology for Behçet's syndrome. In: LEHNER T, BARNES CG, eds. Behçet's Syndrome. New York: Academic Press; 1979:91-105. Google Scholar2. RESEGOTTI L and PISTONE M. Acyclovir and Behçet's syndrome [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1984; 100:319. Google Scholar3. BRIDGEN D, FOULE A, and ROSLING A. Acyclovir, a new antiherpetic drug: early experience in man with systemically administered drug. In: COLLIER LH, OXFORD J, eds. Developments in Antiviral Therapy. New York: Academic Press; 1980:53-62. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JESUS PRIETO, M.D.; JUAN SUÁREZ, M.D.; PILAR CIVEIRA, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfection and Behçet's SyndromeNon-herpetic fulminant meningoencephalitis with periodic lateralised epileptiform dischargesBehçet’s disease and complex aphthosisRECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITISAphthen und Morbus BehçetBehçet's syndrome / AIDS / cerebral toxoplasmosis: an unusual associationRecurrent aphthous ulceration: Virological and immunological aspectsAre viruses associated with aphthae and oral vesiculoerosive disorders?Viruses and chronic disorders involving the human oral mucosaBehcet's disease in a patient with immunodeficiency virus infection.Cyclosporin a treatment of Behçet's disease: a long-term studyNeutrophilic Vascular DermatosesLetter to the caseBehçe’s Disease and Complex AphthosisThalidomide in the treatment of neuro-Behcet's syndrome 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 565-566KeywordsAnklesArthritisDrugsGenital anatomyHerpes simplexLesionsPathogenesisPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE EFFECTS OF HEMORRHAGE ON PULMONARY CIRCULATION AND RESPIRATORY GAS EXCHANGE*†
Authors: Paul H. Gerst, Christen Rattenborg, Duncan A. Holaday
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

in hemorrhagic shock (8-10), or after diversion of blood around the lungs, as in open heart surgery.The results of the present study contribute in- formation on the response of the pulmonary ves- sels to a reduction in blood flow.Our findings suggest that as flow is diminished portions of the pulmonary vascular bed close completely, and that with restoration of flow there is some delay before these vessels reopen.
Alterations of red blood cell sodium transport during malarial infection
Authors: Michael J. Dunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Previous studies have suggested that malaria induces changes in erythrocytic membrane permeability and susceptibility to osmotic lysis. The present study investigated erythrocytic transport of sodium with cells from Rhesus monkeys infected with Plasmodium knowlesi. Red blood cell sodium concentration was significantly elevated in 37 parasitized animals (21.8±1.2 mM; mean ±SEM), as compared to 23 control animals (10.0±0.38 mM). The cellular sodium increased with the density of parasitemia and the cellular potassium decreased in proportion to the elevation of sodium. Nonparasitized as well as parasitized erythrocytes possessed this abnormality of cation metabolism. Effective chloroquine therapy reversed the changes over a period of 4 days.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings in a Trial of Norgestrel, a Low-dose Progestogen-only Contraceptive
Authors: P. Eckstein, M. Whitby, K. Fotherby, C. Butler, T. K. Mukherjee, J. B. C. Burnett, D. J. Richards, T. P. Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Norgestrel, a progestogen-only oral contraceptive, was given continually at a dose of 75 μg/day to 144 women of proved fertility. It was an efficient contraceptive with a failure rate of 2·1% (assessed by the “life-table” method) within the first 12 cycles and 3·6% within the first 30 cycles (or 2·0 conceptions per 100 woman-years when assessed by the Pearl index). The overall conception rate for the entire trial period was 2·1% and 1·3 pregnancies per 100 woman-years respectively. Norgestrel caused a high proportion of irregular and generally short bleeding intervals, about one-fifth of the cycles lasting less than 17 days. This irregularity appeared to be due to individual variance in cycle length between women rather than that between their successive cycles. No confirmed instances of thromboembolism were observed. Norgestrel apparently exerts its contraceptive action by several mechanisms: reduction in the sperm penetrability of the cervical mucus and an impairment of luteal function appear important. The serum concentrations of cholesterol and globulin were significantly reduced in women taking norgestrel. Preliminary observations suggest that on discontinuing the medication fertility is promptly restored. Of the 144 women originally enrolled 57 (40%) withdrew for reasons connected with the method before completing 30 months on trial, over half of them because of the irregular menstrual pattern. Nonetheless, in view of its main clinical and laboratory characteristics and simple mode of administration, norgestrel appears to be a useful alternative to the combined type of pill for women unsuitable for, or unable to tolerate, oestrogen-containing preparations.
Inequalities in health in Britain: specific explanations in three Lancashire towns.
Authors: D J Barker, C Osmond
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The reasons why mortality is higher in the poorer areas of Britain are largely unknown. Thus how to reduce inequalities in health is a matter of conjecture. In three neighbouring towns in northern England the rates of death from all causes differ greatly. Socioeconomic conditions in the towns are similar though below average for England and Wales. The pattern of disease specific rates was analysed and related to past differences in infant mortality. It is suggested that past differences in maternal health and physique and in the postnatal environment, particularly infant feeding, housing, and overcrowding, may be determinants of current differences in adult mortality.
Giant cell arteritis of the female genital tract with temporal arteritis.
Authors: F Lhote, C Mainguene, V Griselle-Wiseler, R Fior, M J Feintuch, I Royer, B Jarrousse, J Amouroux, L Guillevin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The clinical and pathological features of a patient with giant cell arteritis of the uterus and ovaries are described. A 61 year old woman had fever and weight loss over a period of eight months. A hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed for a large cystic ovarian mass. Histological examination showed a benign ovarian cyst and unexpected giant cell arteritis affecting numerous small to medium sized arteries in the ovaries and myometrium. The diagnosis of temporal arteritis was confirmed by a random temporal artery biopsy, despite the absence of symptoms of temporal arteritis. This observation is compared with previously reported cases and the relation between granulomatous arteritis of the genital tract and temporal arteritis is discussed. The main differential diagnosis in this localisation was represented by Wegener9s granulomatosis and periarteritis nodosa.
Nutrition in the Third World
Authors: JAMES A. HALSTED
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Editorials1 February 1973Nutrition in the Third WorldJAMES A. HALSTED, M.D.JAMES A. HALSTED, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-296 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMany of the diseases of primary malnutrition—pellagra, scurvy, rickets, marasmus—that once existed worldwide have become rarities in nations with the highest standards of living. There they usually occur secondary to serious gastrointestinal malabsorption or other chronic problems, including alcoholism. In the developing nations of the world, the "Third World," they are still common diseases, while at home the diseases associated with overnutrition, such as obesity and the hyperlipidemias, now occupy our main attention. What progress has been made against primary undernutrition in the past 20 years, when concern for poor nations has commanded considerable attention by the rich?A recent...References1. Nutrition: A Review of the WHO Programme 1965-1971. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1972. Google Scholar2. The State of Food and Agriculture, 1970. Rome, Food and Agricultural Organization, 1970 Google Scholar3. Endemic Goitre, Scientific Publication No. 193. Washington, D.C., Pan American Health Organization, 1969 Google Scholar4. RAMALINGASWAMI V: Endemic goiter in Southeast Asia. New Clothes on an Old Body. Ann Intern Med 78:000-000, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar5. Ten-State Nutrition Survey, 1969-70, 5 vol. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albany Medical College Albany, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDetection of endotoxemia with the Limulus test: Preliminary studies in severely malnourished childrenNitrogen and amino acid metabolism in adults with protein-calorie malnutrition 1 February 1973Volume 78, Issue 2Page: 296-297KeywordsAlcoholismHyperlipidemiaNutritionObesity Issue Published: 1 February 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
`Nodular necrobiosis': a new cutaneous manifestation of Crohn's disease?
Authors: C. Du Boulay, P J Whorwell
Journal: Gut (1982)

A skin lesion previously unassociated with Crohn9s disease is described. Although superficially resembling erythema nodosum it runs a different clinical course and has different histological appearances, the central feature being necrobiotic collagen. The term `nodular necrobiosis9 is suggested.
Inhibition of Renal Metabolism. Relative effects of arsenate on sodium, phosphate, and glucose transport by the rabbit proximal tubule.
Authors: P C Brazy, R S Balaban, S R Gullans, L J Mandel, V W Dennis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

These studies examine the inhibitory effects of arsenate on the transport of sodium, phosphate, glucose, and para-aminohippurate (PAH) as well as oxidative metabolism by proximal convoluted tubules from the rabbit kidney. Transport rates were measured with radioisotopes in isolated and perfused segments. Metabolic activity was monitored through oxygen-consumption rates and HADH fluorescence in parallel studies in suspensions of cortical tubules. The addition of 1mM arsenate to the perfusate reduced fluid absorption rates from 1.24 +/- 0.17 to 0.66 +/- 0.19 nl/nm.min (P < 0.01) and lumen-to-bath phosphate transport from 9.93 +/- 3.47 to 4.25 +/- 1.08 pmol/mm.min (P < 0.01). Similar concentrations of arsenate reduced glucose transport only slightly from 66.1 +/- 6.0 to 56.8 +/-4 4.6 pmol/mm.min (P < 0.05) and had no effect of PAH secretion. Removing phosphate from the perfusate did not affect the net transport of sodium or glucose. In suspensions of tubules, arsenate increased oxygen consumption rates by 20.5 +/- 2.9% and decreased NADH fluorescence by 10.8 +/- 1.5%. These effects on metabolism were concentration dependent and magnified in the presence of ouabain. The data indicate that arsenate's main effect is to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, and that graded uncoupling of oxidative metabolism causes graded reductions in the net transport of both sodium and phosphate. Glucose transport is inhibited only slightly and PAH secretion is not affected. Thus, partial as opposed to complete inhibition of metabolism reveals that different relationships exist between net sodium transport and the transport of phosphate, glucose, and PAH by the proximal renal tubule.
Prevention of Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections — Foreskin at the Forefront
Authors: Matthew R. Golden, Judith N. Wasserheit
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Three landmark randomized, controlled trials conducted in South Africa, Uganda, and Kenya from 2005 through 2007 demonstrated that adult male circumcision reduced the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by 50 to 60%.13 Complications associated with the procedure were rare and almost uniformly minor.4 These findings were largely consistent with those of observational and ecologic studies in which adult male circumcision was associated with a lower HIV risk at both individual and population levels,5 and mathematical models suggest that widespread circumcision could substantially reduce the HIV epidemic in high-prevalence heterosexual populations.6 In 2007, the World Health Organization and the . . .
Can a guest liver bring the gift of a gene to disarm a hostile host?
Authors: Chandan Guha, Jayanta Roy Chowdhury
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

We have established a system of efficient gene transfer to liver grafts using adenovirus vectors. The purpose of this study was to examine variables affecting gene transfer to rat liver grafts during cold preservation. Our results demonstrate that gene transfer efficiency was directly correlated with the ratio of vector to hepatic cells (multiplicity of infection [MOI]) and the length of exposure to the vector. At MOls of 101 and 501, the hepatic cell transduction rate was 25-30% and 10%, respectively. However, higher MOI was associated with significant mortality. Prolonging the cold preservation/exposure time resulted in an increased transduction rate (50% at MOI of 10:1). Similar gene transfer efficiencies were observed when the vector was diluted in lactated Ringer’s or University of Wisconsin solution. Recombinant protein production was evident within 12 hr after reperfusion, and increased to a peak level within 48 hr. These results suggest a predictable pattern of gene transfer and expression after ex vivo transduction of liver grafts with adenovirus vectors. These data are es sential in directing desirable levels of recombinant protein within the transplanted organ.
A novel flow cytometry–based platelet aggregation assay
Authors: Iris M. De Cuyper, Marjolein Meinders, Edith van de Vijver, Dirk de Korte, Leendert Porcelijn, Masja de Haas, Johannes A. Eble, Karl Seeger, Sergio Rutella, Daria Pagliara, Taco W. Kuijpers, Arthur J. Verhoeven, Timo K. van den Berg, Laura Gutiérrez
Journal: Blood (2013)
CCR6-Mediated Dendritic Cell Activation of Pathogen-Specific T Cells in Peyer's Patches
Authors: Rosa Maria Salazar-Gonzalez, Jan H. Niess, David J. Zammit, Rajesh Ravindran, Aparna Srinivasan, Joseph R. Maxwell, Thomas Stoklasek, Rajwardhan Yadav, Ifor R. Williams, Xiubin Gu, Beth A. McCormick, Michael A. Pazos, Anthony T. Vella, Leo Lefrancois, Hans-Christian Reinecker, Stephen J. McSorley
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Very young infants' responses to human and nonhuman primate vocalizations
Authors: Brock Ferguson, Danielle R. Perszyk, Sandra R. Waxman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Recent evidence from very young human infants' responses to human and nonhuman primate vocalizations offers new insights – and brings new questions – to the forefront for those who seek to integrate primate-general and human-specific mechanisms of acoustic communication with theories of language acquisition.