tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A fact database for toxicological data at the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Japan
Authors: Makoto Hayashi, Masahiro Nakadate, Takaharu Osada, Tamotsu Ishibe, Satoru Tanaka, Akihiko Maekawa, Toshio Sofuni, Yasuko Nakata, Naoko Kanoh, Shigeko Hashiba, Yusuke Takenaka, Motoi Ishidate
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The computerized fact database for the toxicity data of chemicals was constructed at the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (biological database, BL-DB). The BL-DB stores data on mutagenicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and other toxicological tests of chemicals that appeared in the scientific literature. The BL-DB includes information about chemical identification, test system, results of the assays, and a bibliography. The system consists of five modules: data collection, data maintenance, data search, data downloading, and backup. ADABAS is used as a core database management system. Many kinds of test data are stored with the same formats; therefore, users can retrieve data of different toxicological data by the same manner. A user of the BL-DB can use about 50 kinds of commands to interact with the system, and the majority of fields are defined as search fields, thereby facilitating retrieval of target data through many ways. Currently, there are mainly data for the mutagenicity, especially on the Salmonella/microsome assay and the rodent micronucleus assay. These data can be retrieved and used for structure–activity relationship studies.
Severe Dermatitis and "Biological" Detergents
Authors: W. Cochran
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MBIcRfJOURNAL ever, the advice to continue increasing the dose "until intolerable side-effects are provoked or a total daily dose of about 8 g. is attained" should be modified.Experience in starting three to five new patients weekly on treatment with L-dopa has shown that many months are needed to become familiar with the drug's actions, its foibles, and the range of patients' responses to it.Some of our patients have done well on as little as 1-5 g. per day, and only rarely was it nec- essary to exceed 6 g. per day.In a group of 88 patients we found the average effective therapeutic dose to be 4-5 g. per day.This is in agreement with the average dose used
REMARKS ON THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES.Read before the Section of Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It will be my aim in presenting the subject of the treatment of diabetes, to call attention to some facts which my own experience has impressed upon me and to one or two of the most recent suggestions that have been made in regard to it. I believe that patients are often placed too quickly on a rigorous diabetic diet. A sudden, very great change in one's regime will invariably disturb the appetite and if only one or two articles of food are •constantly eaten a disgust for these will be produced. Very considerable depression is frequently noticed after such changes. In two cases that came under my observation, though in the practice of others, the sudden restriction of them to a diet that was uncongenial produced a disinclination for food, and growing out of this a diminished secretion of urine and apparently great mental depression and physical malaise which
Tolerance induction in B lymphocytes but thymus-dependent antigens. T cells may abrogate B-cell tolerance induction by prevent an antibody response.
Authors: J W Schrader
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Thymus-dependent protein antigens such as fowl gamma globulin (FGG) and dinitrophenylated-human gamma globulin (DNP-HGG), readily induced tolerance of the B cell in the absence of T cells even when these antigens were not deaggregated. However, when the same doses of antigen were given in the presence of T cells, the B-cell population was shown to be protected from tolerance induction, especially when the antigen was not in a deaggregated form. In this case, there was in fact evidence of a priming effect, manifest in both the B-cell and T-cell populations. The priming effect on the B-cell population was demonstrated by an increased response of mice pretreated with DNP-HGG, upon challenge with DNP conjugated to a heterologous carrier. The priming effect on the T-cell population was evident in a helper effect demonstrated in vitro. However, when euthymic mice which had been pretreated with large doses of FGG or DNP-HGG were challenged with the homologous carrier, the results were different. In this case, there was a profound suppression of the response against the carrier or the hapten on that carrier. Suppressor activity was also demonstrated in vitro and was shown to be sensitive to treatment with anti-theta-serum plus complement. Additionally it was shown that the effector phase of the suppression had a definite nonantigen-specific component. Thus, in pretreated euthymic mice, provided the homologous carrier was present, the response to a heterologous carrier was also suppressed. To account for the observation that nondeaggregated antigens can induce B-cell tolerance in athymic mice, but B-cell priming and T-cell-mediated suppression in euthymic mice, it is proposed that B-cell tolerance occurs when antigen at some critical dose interacts with the B cell in the absence of some second signal. This second signal is normally provided by the macrophage, probably with the assistance of the T cell, and its effect is to divert the result of the interaction of the B cell with antigen towards immunization and away from tolerance induction. When a large dose of an antigen that tends to form aggregates is given to an animal possessing functional T cells, both T-dependent helper and T-dependent suppressor activities are generated, thus accounting for a situation where the B-cell population is immunized, but B-cell activation is suppressed in the presence of the original carrier.
The Many Faces of Emphysema
Authors: Frederic Speer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  Will we ever agree on a single term to describe the diffuse lung damage associated with cigarette smoking?  Here are some terms in current use:  Emphysema  Chronic emphysema  Pulmonary emphysema  Destructive emphysema  Chronic emphysema and bronchitis  Chronic nonspecific lung disease  Chronic obstructive lung disease  Chronic obstructive airway disease  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  Chronic obstructive ventilatory disease  Chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease  Irreversible general obstructive lung disease  Obstructive ventilatory disease of the lung  Some authors will use one of these terms for one disease and a second term for another disease. If so, it is difficult to find uniformity among the workers in this field as to where the line is drawn.  This disease, whatever we choose to call it, is most certainly important. Let us hope that authors and editors will come to some sort of agreement on naming it. Emphysema, alone, will certainly not do. There are
Increased familial risk and evidence of genetic factor in migraine
Authors: M. B. Russell, J. Olesen
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate familial occurrence of migraine with and without aura. <b>Design</b>: Familial occurrence of migraine with and without aura among first degree relatives and spouses of probands with migraine with or without aura and those who had never had migraine. All interviews of first degree relatives and spouses were done blindly by a neurological resident. The operational diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society were used. <b>Setting</b>: population from Copenhagen County. <b>Subjects</b>: The 378 probands had 1109 first degree relatives and 229 spouses. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Patterns of familial aggregation of migraine with and without aura as assessed by calculation of the population relative risk. <b>Results</b>: Compared with the general population the first degree relatives of probands with migraine without aura had 1.9 times the risk of migraine without aura and 1.4 times the risk of migraine with aura. The first degree relatives of probands with migraine with aura had nearly four times the risk of migraine with aura and no increased risk of migraine without aura. The first degree relatives of probands who had never had migraine had no increased risk of migraine either with or without aura. Spouses of probands with migraine without aura had 1.4 times the risk of migraine without aura whereas spouses of probands with migraine with aura had no increased risk of migraine with aura. <b>Conclusion</b>: The different familial patterns indicate that migraine without aura and migraine with aura have a different aetiology. Migraine without aura seems to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors whereas migraine with aura is probably determined largely or exclusively by genetic factors.
Survival of medically treated patients in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) registry.
Authors: M B Mock, I Ringqvist, L D Fisher, K B Davis, B R Chaitman, N T Kouchoukos, G C Kaiser, E Alderman, T J Ryan, R O Russell, S Mullin, D Fray, T Killip
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on survival of the anatomic extent of obstructive coronary artery disease and of two measures of left ventricular (LV) performance. This study is based on 20,088 patients without previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery who were enrolled in the registry of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Coronary Artery Surgery Study from 1975 to 1979. The cumulative 4-year survival of medically managed patients was analyzed to determine the survival of specific subsets of patients with obstructive coronary disease. The vital status of 99.8% of the patients was known. The 4-year survival of medically treated patients with no significant obstructive disease was 97%, in contrast to 92%, 84% and 68% in patients with one-, two- and three-vessel disease, respectively. The presence of left main coronary artery disease decreased survival significantly. The 4-year survival decreased from 70% to 60% in patients with three-vessel disease when significant obstruction of the left main coronary artery was also present. Patients with significant coronary artery disease who had an ejection fraction of 50--100%, 35--49%, and 0--34% had a 4-year survival of 92%, 83% and 58%, respectively. The systolic contraction pattern was assessed in five selected segments and given a score of 1--6, with a score of 1 for normal function, increasing to 6 if an aneurysm was present. In a patient with normal LV contraction in all five segments of the LV ventricular angiogram, the LV score would equal 5. Patients with an LV score of 5--11, 12--16 and 17--30 had 4-year survivals of 90%, 71% and 53%, respectively. Patients with good LV function (a score of 5--11) had a 4-year survival of 94%, 91% and 79% for one-, two- and three-vessel disease, respectively. Patients with poor left ventricular function (score of 17--30) had a 4-year survival rate of 67%, 61% and 42% in one-, two- and three-vessel disease, respectively. Thus, LV function is a more important predictor of survival than the number of diseased vessels.
Only soft evidence
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Recently I was invited to advise the Italian organisation of spa institutions on research issues. Unlike in the UK, spa medicine is very much alive on the Continent. It has an ancient tradition, patients swear by it, and whole towns make a living from it. Often the health insurance companies even pay for the treatment. But, in a time in which we are all asked to find ways of reducing the cost of healthcare and medicine is finally …
The Structure and Functions of the Brain
Authors: Marshall F. Gilula
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Internationally-minded scientists bewail the difficulty in evaluating Russian scientific literature. Indiana University Press dissolves part of the language barrier with publication of Sarkisov's volume. The translation is satisfactory albeit occasionally stiff and cumbersome.  S. A. Sarkisov directs the Moscow Institute of Brain Research. Reviewing 30 years of research from the Institute, he deftly places this material into historical as well as phylogenetic perspective. A polemic against Pribram's concept of spontaneous receptor activity spices the introduction.  Chapters 1 and 2 provide a superb version of functional neuroanatomy and neurohistology. Pavlov considered the cortex an aggregate of analyzers, which Sarkisov describes in detail as motor, cutaneous, optic, auditory, vestibular, olfactory, taste, and interoceptive. He summarizes cytoarchitectonic (cell structure) and myeloarchitectonic (fibrous structure) studies of the cerebral cortex. There are excellent reviews of Soviet research. Sarkisov elucidates histochemical topographies of the cortex with regard to various respiratory enzymes, acetylcholine, and cholinesterase, but there
Acute myocardial infarction as the presenting symptom of acute myeloblastic leukemia with extreme hyperleukocytosis
Authors: Yossi Cohen, Gail Amir, Nael Da'as, Shmuel Gillis, Deborah Rund, Aaron Polliack
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract This case report deals with an unusual leukostatic complication in a 56‐year‐old woman with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and extreme hyperleukocytosis (316 × 10 9 /L) who presented with acute myocardial infarction (MI). After leukopheresis the patient achieved hemodynamic stabilization and rapid neurologic recovery of encephalopathy that had also developed after the infarction. Considering the central role of WBC in the remodeling of post MI myocardial tissue, it was obvious that administration of chemotherapy with its subsequent inevitable pancytopenia could impose an increased risk for further cardiac complications including myocardial rupture. Nevertheless, cytarabine‐based induction chemotherapy was initiated 3 days after admission, and she achieved prolonged complete remission. Coronary angiography disclosed segmental atherosclerosis, but the only significant obstruction was in the right coronary artery. The patient died with relapsed leukemia 7 years later without recurrence of any cardiac symptoms or signs. Autopsy disclosed segmental coronary atherosclerosis involving the LAD (60% obstruction), suggesting that atherosclerosis was a predisposing risk factor. Additional compromise to blood perfusion due to leukostasis had led to this unusual complication of AML involving a major vessel. This is the first documented case of leukostasis causing coronary artery occlusion as well as the first report of successful induction chemotherapy for AML during a myocardial infarction. Am. J. Hematol. 71:47–49, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic review: Sodium bicarbonate treatment regimens for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy
Authors: Sophia Zoungas, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Rachel Huxley, Alan Cass, Meg Jardine, Martin Patrick Gallagher, Anushka Patel, Ali Vasheghani-Farahani, Gelareh Sadigh, Vlado Perkovic
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

In this review of 23 trials on whether sodium bicarbonate reduced risk for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) more than saline, the pooled relative risk for CIN was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.86). How...
Alcohol-impaired driving: the family's tragedy and the public's health
Authors: B. Templeton
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —Dr Templeton's story emphasizes the personal tragedy and the unacceptable and preventable loss of life that all too often result from alcohol-impaired driving, and we agree with him that driver record systems need to be improved to facilitate states' sharing information on offenses for DUI. A similar recommendation was made by participants in the Surgeon General's Workshop on Drunk Driving 1 and by a national panel of experts on alcohol-impaired driving convened by the US Department of Transportation. 2 In addition to improving driver record systems, we need to enact stricter laws against alcohol-impaired driving, including lowering the legal blood alcohol limit to 0.08 g/dL (17.37 mmol/L) or less 3 for drivers aged 21 years and older, as well as promptly suspending the licenses of drivers arrested for DUI. Furthermore, because alcohol-impaired driving is common among underage youth, we need to strictly enforce the minimum drinking age and enact zero-tolerance
Mr. Gates's Summer Vacation: A Centennial Remembrance
Authors: Charles S. Bryan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

In 1897, Frederick T.Gates, a Baptist minister and adviser to John D. Rockefeller Sr., read the entire second edition of The Principles and Practice of Medicine by William Osler while on a summer vacation at Lake Liberty, New York. The book reinforced the low opinion Gates had of the efficacy of medicine but convinced him that medical science would be a wise investment for the Rockefeller fortune. The results of this investment included the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, the General Education Board, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the International Health Board. Gates sponsored Rockefeller funding of full-time clinical professorships, an idea that Osler opposed but that eventually became the prevailing model for medical departments at universities in the United States.
Effectiveness of a Behavioral Weight Control Program for Blacks and Whites With NIDDM
Authors: Rena R Wing, Kimberly Anglin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To compare the weight losses of black and white patients with NIDDM treated in a year-long behavioral weight loss program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects were randomly assigned to a behavioral program that either used a low-calorie diet throughout or included two 12-week periods of a very-low calorie diet (VLCD). Weight, dietary intake, and exercise were measured at 0, 6, and 12 months of treatment, and attendance and self-monitoring records were assessed weekly throughout the year. RESULTS Blacks had smaller weight losses than whites regardless of treatment condition. Overall weight losses (baseline to 1 year) were 7.1 kg in blacks vs 13.9 kg in whites. The differences in overall outcome resulted primarily from greater weight regain in blacks during months 6-12 than in whites. There was a trend for blacks to have poorer attendance than whites during the latter half of the program and for blacks to report smaller changes in calorie intake from baseline to 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm prior studies with nondiabetic patients showing smaller weight losses in blacks than in whites and suggest that these differences may result primarily from faster weight regain in blacks. Further research is needed to more carefully examine the variables that may explain this difference and to develop more effective programs for blacks with NIDDM.
Human Dermal Myiasis Caused by Rabbit Bot Fly in Connecticut
Authors: Peter F. Salomon
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Human myiasis is rare in the United States particularly in the northeast. Infective stage larvae of a rabbit bot fly invaded the nasal mucous membranes of a 51-year-old man. Migration to the infraorbital area occurred, and a fully developed larva was extracted from this region.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECZEMATIDES
Authors: G.H. PERCIVAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECZEMATIDES Get access G.H. PERCIVAL, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.Edin. G.H. PERCIVAL, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.Edin. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 3, 1 March 1935, Pages 109–116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09838.x Published: 01 March 1935
Inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on antigen and alloantigen presenting capacity of human epidermal Langerhans cells
Authors: M.B.M. TEUNISSEN, M.H. JAGER, M.L. KAPSENBERG, J. D. BOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) on the capacity of human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) to stimulate allogeneic T cells or to present antigen to autologous T cells was investigated. Preparations of LC enriched by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation were pulsed for 2 or 16 h with graded doses (5–5000 ng/ml) of CyA prior to co‐culture with T cells. Pretreatment of LC with CyA resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease of the functional capacity of LC to stimulate T cells. This inhibition (up to 90%). already achieved after a pulse of 2 h, was not due to a cytotoxie effect of the drug and appeared to be reversible. The possibility that CyA exerted its effect indirectly on T cells via release of CyA from LC into the supernatant during co‐culture was excluded. The suppression of immunostimulatory function was a direct effect of the drug on LC. CyA did not affect the production by LC of IL‐1 or prostaglandin nor the expression of MHC class II products HLA‐D and RFDl or adhesion molecules ICAM‐1 and LFA‐3. These results suggest that inhibition of contact allergic skin reactions by CyA may be due in part to an impairment of the function of LC.
Abstract 4357: The role of lysyl oxidase on proangiogenic phenotypes of tumor endothelial cells
Authors: Takahiro Osawa, Noritaka Ohga, Yasuhiro Hida, Kazuko Kitayama, Kazuyuki Yamamoto, Taisuke Kawamoto, Nako Maishi, Miyako Kondo, Kosuke Akiyama, Yuichiro Onodera, Nobuo Shinohara, Katsuya Nonomura, Masanobu Shindoh, Kyoko Hida
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: The molecules which are highly expressed in tumor endothelial cell (TEC) are important to target TEC more specifically. We found LOX gene was upregulated in TEC compared to normal endothelial cell (NEC) by DNA microarray analysis in three different types of human tumor xenografts in nude mouse including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). LOX is an enzyme which is reported to play a critical role in the metastatic potential of tumor, possibly promoting tumor cell trafficking into the premetastatic niche in various types of malignancies. However, the effect of LOX on TEC has not been reported. To investigate whether LOX might be a TEC-specific target in cancer therapy, we analyzed its expression in clinical sample and examined the function of LOX on TEC. Methods: We successfully purified human TEC (hTEC) and NEC (hNEC) from surgically resected RCC and normal parenchyma from six patients, respectively. Using cultured hTEC and hNEC, competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed. LOX expression level was investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). To explore the role of LOX in TEC, mouse TEC (mTEC) and NEC (mNEC) were isolated from human tumor xenografts in nude mouse and the normal counterparts, respectively. To investigate the function of LOX, LOX was knock-downed using siRNA and TEC phenotypic changes were analyzed by migration assay and vascular tube formation assay. In addition, we investigated the effect of α-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an irreversible inhibitor of LOX, on tumor angiogenesis and metastatic colonization in vivo. Results: LOX expression levels were higher in isolated TEC than NEC both in human (Tissues: clear cell carcinoma 6; Stage T1, 3; T3, 3; Grade 1, 1; Grade 2, 2; Grade 3, 3) and mouse by RT-PCR. In IHC, LOX was detected in blood vessels in human RCC, not in normal tissue. Cell migration and tube formation of mTEC were suppressed by LOX knock-down using siRNA with decrease in phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (Tyr397). Furthermore, BAPN specifically inhibited tumor angiogenesis and micrometastasis in vivo, via inhibition of LOX activity of TEC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that LOX upregulated in TEC contributes in their proangiogenic phenotype and plays key roles in tumor metastasis. LOX might be a TEC-specific target and be useful for cancer therapeutic purposes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4357. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4357