tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Things That Matter
Authors: David Hamerman
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diseases of Nerves
Authors: James F. Toole
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This companion to volume 8 contains 24 chapters, the first several of which deal with the development, chemical composition, and physiology of the peripheral nervous system by Wolfgang Wechsler, John S. O'Brien, and Sidney Ochs, respectively. Thereafter the chapters are devoted to subjects of clinical interest. The methods and results of testing of neuromuscular transmission and the measurement of nerve conduction velocities by J. E. Desmedt and S. Borenstein and by H. E. Kaesar are definitive and offer the clinician an exhaustive consideration of these useful procedures. Kaesar provides the reader with comprehensive tables for comparing motor nerve conduction velocities, distal latencies, amplitude, and duration of muscle action potentials not only for the ulnar, median, peroneal, and posterior tibial but for muscles of the shoulder girdle, the ischial nerve, the facial, the vagus, accessory, hypoglossal, phrenic, intercostal, and femoral nerves as well. He includes summary tables of the normal nerve
Lifetime prevalence of self-reported atopic diseases in a population-based sample of elderly subjects: results of the ESTHER study
Authors: M. Wolkewitz, D. Rothenbacher, M. Löw, C. Stegmaier, H. Ziegler, M. Radulescu, H. Brenner, T.L. Diepgen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Prevalence studies of atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), hay fever and allergic asthma have mostly been performed in children. Studies in the adult population are still rare.We estimated the lifetime prevalence of different atopic diseases in an elderly population in Saarland, Germany. Additionally we investigated the association between atopic diseases and sociodemographic factors including age, gender, duration of school education (as a proxy measure of socioeconomic status), family history, and size of place of residence.This study was conducted between June 2000 and December 2002 in the State of Saarland, Germany. Participants aged 50-75 years (n=9961) were recruited by their general practitioner in the context of a general health screening examination. All filled out a standardized questionnaire and reported whether a physician had ever diagnosed an atopic disease (hay fever, AD or asthma).Overall, 9949 subjects (mean age 62 years, 45% men) were included in this analysis. The lifetime prevalence of reported AD, hay fever and asthma was 4.3%, 8.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Lifetime prevalence of AD and asthma among women, and lifetime prevalence of hay fever among both genders, strongly decreased with age. Duration of school education (<or= 9 years, 10-11 years, > 11 years) was strongly associated with AD (3.7%, 5.7%, 6.8%; P trend < 0.0001) and hay fever (7.2%, 11.2%, 12.8%; P trend < 0.0001), but only tentatively with asthma.The lifetime prevalence of AD is considerably lower in the elderly compared with the prevalence reported among younger adults in recent studies. Adults with a longer duration of school education appeared to have a higher risk for atopic diseases.
P2-13-11: Follow Up of BRCA1/2 Carriers: The Spectrum of Cancer Diagnoses in Healthy at Risk Individuals (HTR), and in Cancer Survivors (CS).
Authors: AI Clara, CS Costa, J Silva, JC Marques, C Moura, S André, A Luís, S Bento, A Opinião, P Rodrigues, P Machado, S Fragoso, S Santos, F Vaz
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Data from long term follow up of BRCA1/2 carriers is scarce and is mainly related to BRCA1 women. Our multidisciplinary program targets both women and men for counselling towards BRCA1/2 screening and inclusion in clinical follow up. In here we review all cancer diagnoses observed in our BRCA1/2 cohort during follow up. Methods: Review of individual records of BRCA1/2 carriers registered from January 2000 to December 2010. Follow up was calculated since BRCA1/2 post-test counselling until the last visit to the Clinic. All new cancer diagnoses and preventive surgeries were registered. Results: Two-hundred and fifty nine BRCA1/2 carriers (206 females and 53 males) were diagnosed with BRCA1/2 mutations (42 BRCA1 and 217 BRCA2). Medium follow up for all population is 25 months (1-98). At the date of initial BRCA1/2 diagnosis 99 women and 14 men were CS. Female population: Eighty-eight female CS had been previously diagnosed with breast cancer (18 bilateral cases), 18 with ovarian cancer, and 1 with biliary tract cancer. Preventive surgeries in the CS female population were: bilateral adnexectomy (33 pts) and prophylactic contralateral mastectomy (10 pts). In this CS female population, new cancers, during follow up were: Contralateral breast cancer (4 cases), peritoneal cancer (2 cases in pts with previous prophylactic surgery) and skin non-melanoma cancers (2 cases). In female HTR, 23 preventive bilateral adnexectomies and 20 bilateral mastectomies were performed. Cancer diagnoses during follow up were: breast (11), peritoneum (1 in a pt with previous prophylactic surgery), gastric (1) and M3 leukemia (1). Global failure of prophylactic adnexectomy, so far (CS+HTR): 3/56 (5%). Male population: The medium age for male CS is 73 yrs and for male HTR is 52 yrs. Male CS had mostly been previously diagnosed with BC (12; 4 bilateral) and prostate cancer (4). Other previous cancers: gastric (2), skin (2: 1Melanoma, 1 non-Melanoma), colorectal (1). One BRCA2 man with gynecomastia and prostate cancer was submitted to reduction mastectomy, as a preventive surgery. During follow up, we diagnosed second and third cancers in male CS: breast (2), prostate (6) and gastric (1). Only 1 male HTR was diagnosed with cancer: skin non-melanoma. Conclusion: The proportion of second and third cancer diagnoses in the male BRCA2 CS population is higher than in the female BRCA1/2 CS population. Small numbers and the availability of preventive surgery for women influence this observation. No data from preventive mastectomy exists for males (we have one case). The low frequency of cancer in male HTR may be due to younger age and other unknown modifier factors. Longer follow is needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-11.
Lineage- and differentiation stage-specific expression of LSM-1 (LPAP), a possible substrate for CD45, in human hematopoietic cells
Authors: Y. Shimizu, H. Sugiyama, Y. Fujii, K. Sasaki, K. Inoue, H. Ogawa, H. Tamaki, S. Miyake, Y. Oji, T. Soma, T. Yamagami, M. Hirata, K. Ikeda, T. Monden, T. Kishimoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

CD45, a transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase, is found on almost all nucleated hematopoietic cells and plays a crucial role in lymphocyte activation and differentiation. We recently achieved isolation of the human LSM-1 (hLSM-1) gene, whose product is a possible substrate for CD45, and we raised antibodies against the hLSM-1 protein. hLSM-1 expression in hematopoietic cells was examined with Northern and Western blot, fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and immunocytochemical analyses. It was found that in the lymphoid lineage, T and B lymphocytes as well as NK cells expressed LSM-1, whereas terminally differentiated plasma cells did not. As for the myeloid lineage, immature myeloid cells expressed LSM-1, whereas terminally differentiated granulocytes and monocytes did not. In the erythroid lineage, normal erythroblasts expressed very low levels of LSM-1, while erythroid cell lines (K562 and HEL) did not. Megakaryocytes did not express LSM-1. Both CD34+/CD33- and CD34+/CD33+ hematopoietic progenitor cells weakly expressed LSM-1. These results showed that LSM-1 is expressed in a lineage- and differentiation stage-specific fashion.
Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Risk Prediction Studies: The GRIPS Statement
Authors: A. Cecile J. W. Janssens, John P. A. Ioannidis, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Julian Little, Muin J. Khoury
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Cecile Janssens and colleagues present the GRIPS Statement, a checklist to help strengthen the reporting of genetic risk prediction studies.
Commissioners in Bristol agree to procurement policy changes after legal challenge
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A clinical commissioning group (CCG) in southwest England has agreed to change its policy on consulting the public about changes to its services after a legal challenge from patients. Bristol CCG’s procurement policy originally omitted to state that the public would be consulted on all stages of its plans to change services, as is required under the law.

The group controls a budget of £500m (€610m; $840m). Patients were …
Hepatoprotective effect of the endothelin receptor antagonist TAK-044 against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the canine liver
Authors: Y Kitayama, N Yamanaka, E Kawamura, N Kuroda, E Okamoto
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The present study was designed to investigate if TAK-044, a novel endothelin (ET) ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, inhibits ischemia-reperfusion liver injury. The initial study showed the presence of both ETA and ETB receptors in canine hepatic membrane fractions using the specific binding assay of labeled ET-1 with ET isomers and TAK-044. The nonselective ETA/ETB receptor antagonist TAK-044 inhibited the specific binding of ET-1 to the receptors in a concentration-dependent manner. In subsequent studies using a canine 70% partial liver ischemic model (60 minutes), we found that an intravenous injection of TAK-044 (3 mg/kg) before ischemia significantly inhibited the release of serum liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and an increase of indocyanine green retention rate after reperfusion, compared with the control group. Elevation of the portal venous pressure was also suppressed significantly during the portal triad occlusion, and a rapid restoration of oxygen pressure in the liver tissue after reperfusion was observed in the TAK-044-treated group. Morphometric analysis revealed that the hepatocyte swelling and sinusoidal contraction 1 hour after reperfusion were significantly less severe in the treated group than in the control group. The sludging of erythrocytes in the sinusoidal lumens was also minimal in the treated group. In conclusion, the significant suppression of hepatic microcirculatory disturbance and tissue injury after ischemia-reperfusion were shown in the TAK-044-treated group. This finding indicates that the pretreatment of TAK-044 is useful as a hepatoprotective agent against ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is otherwise produced by a pathway involving ET-1.
Late sodium current and its contribution to action potential configuration in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
Authors: T Kiyosue, M Arita
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

We used the patch clamp technique to study the nature of the late sodium current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. In a cell attached mode of single channel recording at room temperature (22-24 degrees C) two kinds of late (100 msec or more after beginning of the depolarizing pulse) sodium channel activities were recognized. One is isolated brief openings appearing once for about 120 depolarizations per channel (background type), while the other type is sustained openings with rapid interruptions (burst type) that occurred only once for 2,700 depolarizations per channel. The time constant obtained from the open time histogram of the burst type (1.05 msec) was about five times longer than that of background type (0.18 msec, measured at the potential 10 mV above the threshold). Magnitude of the late sodium current flowing through the entire surface of a myocyte was estimated with tetrodotoxin (60 microM), a specific inhibitor of sodium channels, in whole-cell clamp experiments. The steady tetrodotoxin-sensitive current of 12 to 50 pA was registered at -40 mV (26 +/- 14 pA, mean +/- SD, n = 5), in good agreement with the late sodium current calculated from the single channel recording. Tetrodotoxin produced small (congruent to 10%) but significant decreases in the action potential duration. These results suggest the presence of a small but significant late sodium current with slow inactivation kinetics and that this current probably plays a significant role in maintaining the action potential plateau and the duration in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
THE CODE OF ETHICS.
Authors: SAMUEL C. BUSEY
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Ethics may be defined to be the adjustment of acts to ends. In medicine the acts relate, for the most part, to conduct, impliedly, good conduct, which "gains in ethical sanction" in proportion as the "activities do not necessitate mutual injury and hindrance".. "but consist with and are furthered by co-operation and mutual aid." In a homogeneous citizenship the evolution of conduct proceeds with the development of Christian civilization, and by common consent, becomes the type of moral standard which will unify the adjustment of acts to the attainment of a common purpose among the component constituency of any avocation in civilized life. There is no occupation or trade without rules of conduct, either written or unwritten, which are either good or bad as the ends to be obtained rise or fall in the scale of morality and good citizenship. A man may inherit or acquire the qualities of a
ERCP: Complications and Prophylaxis
Authors: J.-W. Brandes, B. Scheffer, H. Lorenz-Meyer, H.A. Körst, K.P. Littmann
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Prophylactic measures for the prevention of complications (pancreatitis, pancreatic and biliary sepsis) after an ERCP examination were investigated in a controlled study. A total of 118 patients were selected at random and divided into three groups by post-ERCP treatment (Group A: no treatment, Group B: oral prophylaxis with broad spectrum tetracycline, Group C: bedrest for 36 hours, fasting, stomach catheter and infusion prophylaxis. The total rate of complications in the study as a whole was 5% (2.5% pancreatitis, 2.5% bacterial complications). Statistical comparison of the groups produced no significant differences, i.e. neither the antibiotic nor the infusion prophylaxis proved advantageous with respect to the frequency of pancreatitis and bacterial complications. In addition to this, prophylactic measures after ERCP had no influence on the frequency, duration and extent of such temporary symptoms as abdominal discomfort, fever, leukocytosis, hyperamylasemia, hyperamylasuria and cholestasis. It is worth considering carrying out ERCP on an out-patient basis in special cases.
Solid microparticles based on chitosan or methyl-β-cyclodextrin: A first formulative approach to increase the nose-to-brain transport of deferoxamine mesylate
Authors: Giovanna Rassu, Elena Soddu, Massimo Cossu, Antonio Brundu, Guido Cerri, Nicola Marchetti, Luca Ferraro, Raymond F. Regan, Paolo Giunchedi, Elisabetta Gavini, Alessandro Dalpiaz
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
The echocardiographic profile of patients after Mustard's operation.
Authors: N H Silverman, M Payot, P Stanger, A M Rudolph
Journal: Circulation (1978)

In order to establish an echocardiographic profile of patients with simple transposition after Mustard's operation, we examined the M-mode records of 10 patients who were found to be free of significant abnormalities at follow-up cardiac catheterization. When compared with established normals, right ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions were increased, while left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions fell below the mean. The wall thicknesses, cavity dimensions and ratios of right ventricular preejection period/ejection time and left ventricular preejection period/ejection time were appropriate for the physiologic role of the ventricles rather than their morphologic identity. In each patient, a portion of the intra-atrial baffle was identified behind the pulmonary root. There was variation in baffle position and baffle mobility within the group, as well as in individual echograms. A variety of valve motion abnormalities were noted; these included diastolic flutter of the atrioventricular valves in all 10 patients and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in six patients. Paradoxical septal motion was found in nine patients. Although only minimal or no left ventricular outflow gradients were found at catheterization, nine patients had narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract, 10 had systolic flutter of the pulmonary valve and eight had early partial closure of the pulmonary valve. The finding of a large number of echocardiographic abnormalities in a group of patients with good hemodynamic results suggests that these echocardiographic features are to be expected after Mustard's opration. Furthermore, the reversal of the physiologic role of the ventricles must be considered when interpreting the echocardiographic dimensions and systolic time intervals.
Functional Activation of the Estrogen Receptor-α and Aromatase by the HDAC Inhibitor Entinostat Sensitizes ER-Negative Tumors to Letrozole
Authors: Gauri J. Sabnis, Olga Goloubeva, Saranya Chumsri, Nguyen Nguyen, Saraswati Sukumar, Angela M.H. Brodie
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Approximately 25% of breast cancers do not express the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and consequently do not respond to endocrine therapy. In these tumors, ERα repression is often due to epigenetic modifications such as methylation and histone deacetylation. For this reason, we investigated the ability of the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat (ENT) to trigger reexpression of ERα and aromatase in breast cancer cells, with the notion that this treatment would restore sensitivity to the aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole. ENT treatment of tumor cells increased expression of ERα and aromatase, along with the enzymatic activity of aromatase, in a dose-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, ERα and aromatase upregulation resulted in sensitization of breast cancer cells to estrogen and letrozole. Tumor growth rate was significantly lower in tumor xenografts following treatment with ENT alone and in combination with letrozole than in control tumors (P &amp;gt; 0.001). ENT plus letrozole also prevented lung colonization and growth of tumor cells, with a significant reduction (P &amp;gt; 0.03) in both visible and microscopic foci. Our results show that ENT treatment can be used to restore the letrozole responsiveness of ER-negative tumors. More generally, they provide a strong rationale for immediate clinical evaluation of combinations of histone deacetylase and aromatase inhibitors to treat ER-negative and endocrine-resistant breast cancers. Cancer Res; 71(5); 1893–903. ©2011 AACR.
Radiological Society Meetings
Authors: M. E. Mottram
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> With regard to the announcement concerning the American Society of Diagnostic Radiology, there are a number of American, Canadian, regional, and international radiological societies with annual meetings which can be attended by any physician. There are radiological diagnostic sessions sponsored by the American Cancer Society held annually in California. There are radiological sections of both the California Medical Association and the American Medical Association as well as many of the other state societies holding annual meetings. There are x-ray study clubs in every large city throughout the country with monthly meetings. Every medical school has weekly x-ray conferences which may be attended by visiting physicians and many have yearly courses of 1 to 2 weeks in diagnostic radiology. Almost every hospital with a radiologist has regularly scheduled x-ray conferences. It therefore seems that an attempt to add to the number of meetings in radiology, particularly on the
Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn Caused by Anti-Lan Antibody
Authors: D. S. Smith, F. Stratton, T. Johnson, R. Brown, P. Howell, R. Riches
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The first recorded example of anti-Lan associated with haemolytic disease of the newborn is reported. This emphasizes the importance of screening for atypical antibodies early in pregnancy, even though prophylactic use of anti-D immunoglobulin will eventually reduce the incidence of haemolytic disease due to anti-D antibody.
TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY IN THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Edward J. Foley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

The clinical and pathological manifestations of a disease occurring in the late stages of pregnancy or following parturition in the guinea pig are described. The similarity of this disease to toxemia of pregnancy in the rabbit is discussed. The disease appears to be of endogenous origin and is in some way associated with a disordered metabolism occurring at about the time of parturition.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Medical Treatments for the Management of Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Literature Review and Mixed Treatment Comparison
Authors: Khaled Maman, Samuel Aballea, Jameel Nazir, Katia Desroziers, Mohamed-Elmoctar Neine, Emad Siddiqui, Isaac Odeyemi, Zalmai Hakimi
Journal: European Urology (2013)
RAT-BITE FEVER ACQUIRED FROM A DOG
Authors: HERBERT S. RIPLEY
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Rat-bite fever, or sodoku, from the Japaneseso(rat) anddoku(poison), has been recognized as a clinical entity in India for many centuries. Row1quotes a description of the disease by Wagabhatt, an ancient Indian who lived 2,300 years ago. Early modern reports of cases were made by Wilcox2and by Watson3in 1840. Miyake4described the symptomatology in detail in 1899. Excellent reviews have appeared recently; notably those of Robertson,5who gives a summary of the etiologic aspects of the disease and appends a good bibliography; McDermott,6who studied the biologic characteristics of the organism, and Bayne-Jones,7who reviewed the cases reported in the United States.  Rat-bite fever is widely distributed over the world. Perhaps the disease is more common than is generally recognized. Many people die after the bite of a rat without a definite diagnosis. Neel8reports that,