tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A traveller's tale
Authors: E Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (1994)

My general practitioner suggested that I contacted the staff of my local hospice, St Richard's, shortly after my diagnosis of breast cancer, when I was overwhelmed by anger, fear, and confusion. I had no intention of going to the hospice, but I needed help, and with my doctor's encouragement I agreed to be visited at home for counselling.

When the counsellor came to see me and suggested that I visit St Richard's the following week I felt like a drowning woman who has been offered a concrete lifebelt. My mental picture of a hospice was one which is probably shared by many other people: nurses in uniform, rows of beds, desperately sick people waiting for death. My counsellor explained that there were no beds at St Richard's and …
Characterization of response of circulating glucagon to intraduodenal and intravenous administration of amino acids
Authors: Akira Ohneda, Eugenio Parada, Anna M. Eisentraut, Roger H. Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Studies were carried out to determine if hyperaminoacidemia stimulates the secretion of pancreatic glucagon, and, if so, to evaluate the effect of endogenous and exogenous pancreozymin and of hyperglycemia upon this response. The intravenous administration to 16 dogs of 1 g/kg of a 10 amino acid mixture over a 60 min period raised amino nitrogen to a mean level of 13.5 mg/100 ml; mean pancreaticoduodenal vein insulin rose from 84 to 459 muU/ml and glucagon from 1.1 to 2.7 mmug/ml. Further augmentation of both insulin and glucagon secretion was achieved during hyperaminoacidemia by infusing pancreozymin. Since endogenous pancreozymin is known to be stimulated by amino acids in the gut, it seemed possible that intraduodenal loading of amino acids would elicit a greater insulin and glucagon response than could be explained by the accompanying hyperaminoacidemia. The intraduodenal administration of 1 g/kg of the amino acid mixture was followed by substantial hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia, which frequently anticipated the hyperaminoacidemia, and in many of the dogs the ratio of hormone rise to amino nitrogen rise was greater after intraduodenal than after the intravenous route of amino acid administration in the same animal. Intraduodenal administration of amino acids did not cause measurable release of intestinal glucagon-like immunoreactivity into the mesenteric vein plasma. Hyperglycemia induced by constant glucose infusion prevented aminogenic hyperglucagonemia and even suppressed the augmenting action of pancreozymin; sudden termination of the infusion with continued amino acid infusion was associated with a striking rise in glucagon. It is concluded (a) that hyperaminoacidemia stimulates pancreatic glucagon secretion, (b) that aminogenic hyperglucagonemia is augmented by the infusion of pancreozymin, (c) that intraduodenal administration of amino acids stimulates pancreatic glucagon secretion without measurable release of glucagon-like immunoreactivity into the mesenteric vein, and (d) that hyperglycemia prevents aminogenic hyperglucagonemia even during augmentation with pancreozymin. This conclusion suggests that the prevention of hypoglycemia during amino acid-induced insulin secretion may be an important function of glucagon.
Intrauterine Growth Retardation, Insulin Resistance, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children
Authors: Valerio Nobili, Matilde Marcellini, Giulio Marchesini, Ester Vanni, Melania Manco, Alberto Villani, Elisabetta Bugianesi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Intrauterine growth retardation is associated with the development of abnormalities in glucose tolerance in adulthood (1,2). Studies in adults and children born small for gestational age (SGA) (3–7) indicate that insulin resistance is the earliest component associated with low birth weight, irrespective of confounding factors, including obesity (8) and a family history of type 2 diabetes.

In SGA children, the typical central fat accumulation may actively contribute to insulin resistance (9). Visceral fat and fatty liver represent special depots of ectopic fat, independently associated with insulin resistance (10–12). In the liver, hepatic triglyceride accumulation characterizes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a highly prevalent and potentially progressive condition in adults, now considered the hepatic expression of the metabolic syndrome (13). In the pediatric population, the prevalence of NAFLD is only 2–3% but increases to 53% in the presence of obesity (14,15).

We studied the association of low birth weight with histologically assessed pediatric NAFLD to test the hypothesis that intrauterine growth retardation might be an additional factor responsible for metabolic liver disease in children via insulin resistance.

We studied 90 children with NAFLD, consecutively observed in the Liver Unit, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy, from June 2001 to April 2003. Part of this cohort group was reported elsewhere (16). All had a complete anthropometric …
Ultrasound in Cholangiofibromas of the Liver Detected by Laparoscopy
Authors: H.-M. Vogel, K. Friedrich, H. Koch
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

We investigated the question as to whether benign cholangiofibromas of the liver (biliary microharmatomas) show specific structures in ultrasound. Patients with single, sporadic, multiple or diffuse cholangiofibromas (n = 53), detected by laparoscopy and verified by histology, were examined by ultrasound. The single and sporadic type (n = 30) could not be detected by US. In patients with the multiple and diffuse type (N = 23) the descriptive US finding was: "increased content of fibrous tissue, cirrhotic transformation possible". Thus we conclude that patients with non-specific alterations of the liver in the ultrasound image must undergo further investigation by laparoscopy. Blind biopsy is not capable of verifying the presence of cholangiofibromas.
309 COMPARISON OF EFFICACY BETWEEN PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A OR −2B PLUS RIBAVIRINE IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS IN DAILY ROUTINE: RESULTS FROM PRACTICE
Authors: T. Witthoeft, S. Mauss, D. Hueppe, C. John, R. Heyne, B. Moeller, R. Link, A. Herrmann, A. Baumgarten, A. Dikopoulos, G. Teuber
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Stopping postop shivers eases rewarming
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Although shivering generally is an important adaptive response to cold, it "may not be the optimal method of rewarming in the postoperative period," reported anesthesiologist Jorge L. Rodriguez, MD, at the recent American College of Surgeons meeting in Chicago. This is particularly true with respect to patients with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease who have been chilled during any type of major surgery, he said. In these patients, the least physiologically debilitating approach to rewarming may be complete obliteration of normal shivering. Rodriguez reported on a study of 16 such patients who underwent major surgery at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, and were subsequently admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit, where they were maintained on mechanical ventilatory support for 24 hours. All of the patients were hypothermic, with esophageal temperatures of less than 35.8 °C, after having major body cavities exposed to a cool operating room and being unable to
Antibiotic resistance in Serratia marcescens
Authors: D A Lewis, P M Hawkey, P M Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1984)

much experimental work as stating ". . . it may still be premature to say with conviction that radiation as a cause of non-disjunction in- creases the frequency of 21-trisomy.However, it seems logical to avoid unnecessary exposure to mutagens that might add to the genetic burden of humans."
Abstract 903: The IKKα kinase is a potential therapeutic target in K-Ras-induced lung cancer
Authors: Daniela S. Basseres, Aaron Ebbs, Patricia C. Cogswell, Elena Levantini, Albert S. Baldwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. In lung cancer, K-Ras oncogenic mutations are widespread, and compounds used to target the biological activity of the Ras proteins failed in clinical trials. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel therapeutic targets that reduce K-Ras-induced lung tumorigenesis. We have previously shown that K-Ras-induced lung tumorigenesis is potentiated by the subunit p65 of the transcription factor NF-κB; and that K-Ras-induced NF-κB activation in the lung requires IKKα. Therefore, we hypothesized the following: (1) the IKKα kinase promotes K-Ras-induced oncogenesis; and (2) pharmacological inhibition of IKKα activity will be beneficial therapeutically. We used genetic and/or pharmacological approaches to inactivate IKKα in primary lung epithelial cells transformed by K-Ras, as well as K-Ras-positive lung cancer cell lines, and determined that IKKα inhibiton reduces oncogenic properties in vitro. In addition we used a highly specific IKKα inhibitor (CmpdA, Bayer) to treat a K-Ras-induced lung cancer mouse model combined with loss of the tumor suppressor p53 (LSL-K-RasG12D/p53fl/fl). We chose this model for the following reasons: (1) K-Ras activation coupled to p53 loss leads to aggressive lung adenocarcinomas in mice that better resemble human lung tumors; (2) lung cancer patients harboring K-Ras oncogenic mutations frequently display p53 inactivation; and (3) it has been recently demonstrated that p53 loss can enhance NF-κB activation by K-Ras in lung tumors. To induce concomitant K-Ras activation and p53 loss in murine lung epithelial cells, we infected the lungs of LSL-K-RasG12D/p53fl/fl mice by intranasal administration of a Cre-expressing adenovirus (AdCre). Two treatment regimens were used to treat infected animals: CmpdA was either administered daily for 2 weeks immediately following AdCre infection or daily for 4 weeks starting 8 weeks post-infection. In either case, mice treated with CmpdA presented smaller and lower grade tumors than mice treated with placebo. These results show that IKKα promotes lung cancer growth and progression both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have shown that pharmacological administration of an IKKα inhibitor slows lung tumor growth and progression in vivo, supporting our hypothesis that IKKα inhibition therapy will have clinical benefits in lung cancer. This research is supported by a FAMRI YCSA Award and a FAPESP Young Investigator Award to DB and a NIH grant (CA73756) to AB. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 903. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-903
The liver in boutonneuse fever
Authors: J. Guardia, J. M. Martinez-Vazquez, A. Moragas, C. Rey, J. Vilaseca, J. Tornos, M. Beltran, R. Bacardi
Journal: Gut (1974)

Hepatic lesions were studied for the first time in 13 cases of boutonneuse fever (Mediterranean exanthematous fever). The glutamic-oxalacetic transaminases were raised in eight patients, the glutamic-pyruvic transaminases showed an increase in 10 patients, alkaline phosphatases in seven of the 10 patients investigated, and conjugate bilirubin showed moderate increases in three patients. Five patients were studied histologically; this study showed lesions of a granulomatous type, similar to those described in Q fever, in three patients, fatty degeneration with marked alcoholism in another patient, and a normal liver in the last patient. Two of the three patients with granulomatous lesions showed a moderate increase in alkaline phosphatases. After this report boutonneuse fever must be included among the infectious conditions that can produce granulomas within the liver.
Seminoma in Identical Twins
Authors: R. Salm, S. R. Adlington
Journal: BMJ (1962)

BICALISOUNAL RESULTSData for known carriers, for possible carriers, and for a group of normal subjects are given in Tables I and II.Unfortunately it was not possible to obtain meaningful values for aldolase on all of the serum specimens because some were haemolysed.Phospho- creatine kinase estimations, on the other hand, are unaffected in these circumstances.TABLE I.
The right to be wrong
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

I was lying in my bath on a recent Monday morning listening to Radio 4's Start the Week (freelance journalists choose their working hours to suit themselves) when the talk turned to the “book police.” Authors have been claiming that publishers have rejected their manuscripts on the grounds of political correctness—by which they mean that their views are unacceptable because they do not conform to the current consensus in literary circles, generally perceived to be liberal and permissive.

Assertions of this kind are usually made by authors and their agents without any documented evidence, and I suspect that in many cases it is a publicity exercise—getting a book talked …
The 'Pennies Drop'
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Discovery, examined closely, I said to Crick, seemed curiously difficult to pin to a moment or to an insight or even to a single person. "No, I don't think that's curious," Crick said. "I think that's the nature of discoveries, many times: that the reason they're difficult to make is that you've got to take a series of steps, three or four steps, which if you don't make them you won't get there, and if you go wrong in any one of them you won't get there. It isn't a matter of one jump—that would be easy. You've got to make several successive jumps. And usually the pennies drop one after another until eventually it all<i>clicks</i>. Otherwise it would be too easy!"<sup>1</sup> This issue of<i>JAMA</i>is an extension of previousJOURNALpublications this year (1993;269:1040-1045, 1966-1994) designed to mark the 40th anniversary of the 1953 publication of
Low-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy for extragenital lichen sclerosus: Results of a preliminary study
Authors: Alexander Kreuter, Thilo Gambichler, Annelies Avermaete, Marcus Happe, Martina Bacharach-Buhles, Klaus Hoffmann, Thomas Jansen, Peter Altmeyer, Gregor von Kobyletzki
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2002)
Early outward current in rat single ventricular cells.
Authors: I R Josephson, J Sanchez-Chapula, A M Brown
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Voltage clamp experiments were conducted using single ventricular myocytes which had been dissociated enzymatically from adult rat hearts in order to examine further the membrane currents which contribute to the unusual plateau of the rat action potential. Membrane currents were recorded, using a single microelectrode (switching) voltage clamp circuit. From holding potentials near the resting potential (-80 to -90 mV), depolarizing clamp steps above -20 mV elicited an early outward current which overlapped in time with the slow inward current and displayed time-dependent inactivation. This is the first demonstration of a transient potassium current in an isolated ventricular myocyte. The early outward potential was voltage-inactivated at holding potentials of -50 to -40 mV and was blocked by 4-aminopyridine. The current was not dependent on Cao or ICa and was blocked by Bao. Double pulse experiments revealed that the time course for the recovery of the early outward current at -80 mV was rapid, and had a tau of 25 msec. The possible functional significance of this current is discussed.
Cost and the Common Cold
Authors: Lee C. Vermeulen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 January 1997Cost and the Common ColdLee C. Vermeulen Jr., MSLee C. Vermeulen Jr., MSUniversity of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Hayden and colleagues [1] assessed the efficacy of intranasal ipratropium in the management of the common cold but failed to consider the cost of this treatment.The product (Atrovent nasal spray, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut) is available at an average wholesale price of $24.00 [2]. When the pharmacy dispensing fee is added, the cost of therapy exceeds $30.00. In formulating coverage decisions, managed care organizations not only consider the cost of the medication but also review other potential costs and savings associated with the treatment. If ipratropium could show clinical benefits that, for example, reduced ...References1. Hayden FG, Diamond L, Wood PB, Korts DC, Wecker MT. Effectiveness and safety of intranasal ipratropium bromide in common colds. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:89-97. Google Scholar2. Drug Topics Red Book. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics; 1996. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lee C. Vermeulen Jr., MSAffiliations: University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 2Page: 173-174KeywordsCommon coldMorbidityPainSafety ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
HOSPITAL PERFORMANCE IN THE TREATMENT OF ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION CORRELATES WITH OVERALL ADHERENCE TO EVIDENCED BASED CARE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES IN THE AUSTRALIAN COOPERATIVE NATIONAL REGISTRY OF ACUTE CORONARY CARE, GUIDELINE ADHERENCE AND CLINICAL EVENTS CONCORDANCE
Authors: Bernadette Aliprandi-Costa, David Brieger, Karice Hyun, Darren Walters, Sandra West, Janice Gullick, Victoria Miller, Isuru Ranasinghe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Novel<i>CTSC</i>mutations in a patient with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome with recurrent pyoderma and minimal oral and palmoplantar involvement
Authors: M. Castori, S. Madonna, L. Giannetti, G. Floriddia, M. Milioto, S. Amato, D. Castiglia
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: None declared. Sir, Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis mainly characterized by early‐onset periodontitis and palmoplantar keratoderma. Recurrent pyogenic skin infections, usually of mild degree and self‐healing, are relatively common additional features.1, 2 PLS is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the CTSC gene, which encodes for cathepsin C, a lysosomal cysteine protease required for the activation of granule‐associated serine proteases in immune/inflammatory cells.3 Cathepsin C consists of four identical subunits, each composed of three distinct polypeptide chains, the heavy chain, light chain and the N‐terminal fragment, held together by noncovalent interactions. The heavy and light chains form a two‐domain papain‐like structure, which contains the catalytic site, whereas the N‐terminal fragment shapes the 'exclusion' domain, which is crucial for substrate binding and selectivity.4 More than 60 distinct CTSC mutations have been identified, most of which are missense mutations that alter protein folding and function.5 We report a 24‐year‐old Italian woman, who underwent dermatological evaluation for recurrent pyoderma. She was the only affected child of healthy nonconsanguineous parents. Primary dentition was normal. In infancy, the gingiva surrounding the erupted teeth started to become inflamed with consequent premature tooth loosening. All remaining deciduous teeth were extracted before spontaneous exfoliation. The first permanent tooth erupted at 6 years of age. Progression of periodontal disease was slow, requiring extraction of only two permanent teeth. At the age of 4 years, multiple suppurative and inflamed skin lesions appeared on the cheeks and, subsequently, involved most of the body surface. These lesions had a protracted course and healed with scar formation. Since childhood the patient has complained of multiple and painful plantar callosities. Examination of the oral cavity revealed gingival inflammation and recession, and slight tooth mobility (Fig. 1a). A panoramic radiograph revealed bone resorption of mild to moderate degree around the teeth. In addition, the patient exhibited multiple callosities and minimal diffuse erythema of the soles (Fig. 1b,c). Palmar skin appeared slightly xerotic. Mild longitudinal ridging was also evident on the fingernails. Over the buttocks, thighs and calves, there were numerous polymorphic scarring lesions at sites of previous pyogenic infections. The most recent lesions appeared as violaceous nodules and plaques, while the oldest ones were hypopigmented and atrophic scars frequently showing subcutaneous fat herniation (Fig. 1d,e). A 10‐month course of isotretinoin (0·5 mg kg−1 daily) improved both the skin infections and the plantar keratoderma.
Creatine kinase isoenzymes: their separation and quantitation
Authors: E. A. OGUNRO, D. J. HEARSE, J. P. SHILLINGFORD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

The cardiospecificity of the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase, EC 2.7.3.2, (CK) with its associated diagnostic and research value has resulted in the development of a number of procedures for the separation and quantitation of the three isoenzymes of CK. In our experience methods involving cellulose acetate electrophoresis, apposition incubation, and fluoroscanning for quantitation are of limited linearity, insensitive, and irreproducible. We have, therefore, developed a method which overcomes these difficulties. Our method is based on agarose gel electrophoresis, gel overlay incubation with optimisation of all substrates and elution of the NADPH into solution for isoenzyme quantitation. We have: (1) characterised this technique; (2) used it to verify the extent to which the MB isoenzyme of CK is cardiospyocardial; (3) studied its application to the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction; and (4) compared it with existing methods involving dithiothreitol activation and ion exchange chromatography.
Reputations for sale?
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

This week, BBC's Panorama programme again revisits the controversy surrounding the SSRI Seroxat. Its 2002 investigation into reports of adverse events from Seroxat prompted 67 000 people to contact the BBC, forcing a rethink of the safety data. Now GlaxoSmithKline faces legal action and, if found culpable, the possibility of huge payouts to thousands of patients. 

As Joe Collier explains in his preview of this week's Panorama , to be aired on Monday 29 January (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39104.771597.59), the focus this time is on the interplay between industry and the forces that should counter what he calls “the adverse effects of drug companies.” Panorama 's account …
Low levels of nucleotide diversity at homoeologous Adh loci in allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium L.)
Authors: R. L. Small, J. A. Ryburn, J. F. Wendel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Levels of genetic diversity within and among populations and species are shaped by both external (population-level) and internal (genomic and genic) evolutionary forces. To address the effect of internal pressures, we estimated nucleotide diversity for a pair of homoeologous Adh loci in an allotetraploid species, Gossypium hirsutum. These data represent the first such estimates for a pair of homoeologous nuclear loci in plants. Estimates of nucleotide diversity for AdhA in Gossypium are lower than those for any plant nuclear gene yet described. This low diversity appears to reflect primarily a history of repeated, severe genetic bottlenecks associated with both speciation and recent domestication, supplemented by an unusually slow nucleotide substitution rate and an autogamous breeding system. While not statistically supportable, the sum of the observations also suggest differential evolutionary dynamics at each of the homoeologous loci.