tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tissue factor activity. A marker of alveolar macrophage maturation in rabbits. Effects of granulomatous pneumonitis.
Authors: H Rothberger, M P McGee, T K Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Experiments were carried out to examine relationships between alveolar macrophage maturity and amounts of tissue factor (Clotting Factor III) in these cells under physiologic conditions and during immunologically induced pneumonitis. Using discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, alveolar macrophages from healthy rabbits were rapidly isolated into five subpopulations at different stages of maturation, as demonstrated by morphologic and morphometric evaluation. Very large amounts of tissue factor activity were found in fully mature cells that were purified in the lowest density subpopulation and assayed without preliminary in vitro stimulation or culture. In the remaining four subpopulations of increasing density, amounts of tissue factor were found to progressively diminish in direct correlation with declines of cell maturity. These differences at mean levels were as great as 35-fold. In addition, blood monocytes had less than 1/219 and less than 1/6 of the activity of the fully mature and the least mature subpopulations, respectively. After 16 h culture of the five isolated subpopulations in the absence of lymphokines or of significant numbers of lymphocytes, tissue factor activity increased in inverse correlation with the preincubation stage of cell maturity (2,387 and 109% in the least mature and most mature subpopulations, respectively). These increases required protein synthesis and were accompanied by morphologic and morphometric changes which indicated cellular maturation during the period of tissue factor activity generation in vitro, thus further demonstrating relationships between macrophage maturity and tissue factor content. In additional experiments, direct correlations between cell maturity and tissue factor activity content were also found in activated alveolar macrophage populations from rabbits with Bacillus Calmette Guering (BCG)-induced granulomatous pneumonitis. However, as compared with controls, the BCG populations had increased total amounts of tissue factor activity due to the presence of large numbers of mature alveolar macrophage forms that had high levels of the procoagulant. Thus, tissue factor activity in alveolar macrophages is a marker of cellular maturation in vivo and in vitro. Increased amounts of this initiator of the extrinsic clotting pathway, as found in alveolar macrophage populations from animals with granulomatous pneumonitis induced by BCG hypersensitivity, suggest that alveolar macrophage tissue factor may contribute to the pathology of immune lung diseases.
Monoclonal antibodies against IREM-1: potential for targeted therapy of AML
Authors: W Korver, X Zhao, S Singh, C Pardoux, J Zhao, M L Guzman, S Sen, S Yonkovich, S Liu, X Zhan, N Tomasevic, C Zhou, D Gros, C T Jordan, J Gotlib, E D Hsi, A Abo
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Increased Melphalan Activity in Intracranial Human Medulloblastoma and Glioma Xenografts Following Buthionine Sulfoximine-Mediated Glutathione Depletion
Authors: H. S. Friedman, O. M. Colvin, O. W. Griffith, B. Lippitz, G. B. Elion, S. C. Schold, J. Hilton, D. D. Bigner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

In previous studies we demonstrated that administration of buthionine sulf-oximine (BSO) to athymic BALB/cmice bearing intracranial human gli-oma xenografts resulted in highly se-lective depletion of glutathione in neo-plastic tissue with minimal effects on contralateral normal brain tissue. In the present study we treated athymic BALB/c mice bearing intracranial human glioma (D-54 MG) or medul-loblastoma (TE-671) xenografts with melphalan alone or BSO followed by melphalan. Administration of BSO depleted intracellular glutathione to7.5% of the control level. BSO plusmelphalan resulted in a significant increase in median survival over that produced by melphalan alone: 45.3%versus 26.4% in TE-671 and 69%versus 27.6 in D-54 MG. These studies justify further efforts to modulate chemotherapeutic and radio-therapeutic interventions of primarymalignant brain tumors by depletionof glutathione. [J Natl Cancer Inst81:524-527, 1989]
The association of the heart failure score with mortality and hospitalizations in pacemaker patients
Authors: Eldrin F. Lewis, Marc A. Pfeffer, Anne S. Hellkamp, Arnold J. Greenspon, Christian Machado, Steven Singh, John H. McAnulty, Eleanor Schron, Kerry L. Lee, Gervasio A. Lamas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Precompetition anxiety in women volleyball players: a test of ZOF theory in a team sport.
Authors: J S Raglin, M J Morris
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1994)

Consistency in psychological factors is widely regarded to be important for successful performance in team sports, but the Zone of Optimal Function (ZOF) theory contends that athletes should exhibit considerable variability in the level of anxiety that will optimize performance. In an attempt to determine if tenets of ZOF theory held for athletes in a team sport, anxiety was measured using Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) at the baseline and before easy and difficult competitions in nine members of a collegiate women's volleyball team. The ability to predict precompetition anxiety was assessed by having the athletes complete the STAI both 3 weeks and 2 days before each match according to how they thought they would feel 1 h before competition. Each athlete also completed the STAI on the basis of how she recalled feeling before her best competition. Four anxiety units were added and subtracted from this value to establish the ZOF of each player. Actual precompetition anxiety was assessed 1 h before each match. In accordance with ZOF theory, considerable variability was found in the range of optimal anxiety, and 55.5% of the team members reported performing best at either low or high levels of anxiety. The prediction of precompetition anxiety made 2 days before competition was significantly correlated to actual anxiety for the difficult match (r = 0.69, P < 0.05) but not the easy match (r = 0.21, P > 0.05). Predictions made 3 weeks before competition were not significant (P > 0.05). More (P < 0.05) of the player possessed anxiety levels within the ZOF for the difficult match compared with the easy match (77.7% versus 22.2%). In summary, athletes in the team sport of volleyball exhibit considerable variation in optimal precompetition anxiety in accordance with ZOF theory. As posited by ZOF theory, the athletes were able to predict anxiety before a difficult match accurately and were more likely to have anxiety levels with ZOF.
Multiple Myeloma Associated With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Vincent DelDuca
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In 1958 Aström et al described a unique demyelinating process occurring in three patients with Hodgkin's disease and chronic lymphatic leukemia, which they called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.<sup>1</sup>Pathologically there were multiple foci of demyelination of different age and size with relative sparing of axis cylinders. The white matter of posterior cerebrum was most extensively involved, but lesions were also seen elsewhere in the cerebrum and in the cerebellum, brain stem, and basal ganglia. Enlarged oligodendrocytes, some with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, and bizarre giant astrocytes, some with multiple and mitotic nuclei, were described. Clinically, there were progressive focal neurological signs and dementia, with death occurring in two to six months. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was usually normal and the electroencephalogram diffusely and nonspecifically abnormal. Richardson has extensively reviewed the cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy,<sup>2,3</sup>and to date over 50 cases have been reported. Most have been associated with an
Medicare as Secondary Payer-Reply
Authors: Kathleen A. Buto
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The law provides that Medicare is secondary payer to large group health plans for "active individuals." This term is defined in the law as "an employee (as may be defined in regulations), the employer, an individual associated with the employer in a business relationship, or a member of the family of any of those persons." Congress did not define the term<i>employee</i>nor indicate that it intended this term to apply only to actively working individuals. Also, by specifying that the term<i>employee may be</i>defined in regulations, Congress implicitly authorized the HCFA to define the term<i>employee</i>. Our instructions, published in April 1988, include persons actively working, as well as persons not actively working, within the definition of an employee. An individual who is not actively working is considered an employee if the individual's relationship to an employer is indicative of employee status. Whether such a person
The histopathology and ultrastructure of liver disease in erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: D.M. MACDONALD, DANIELE GERMAIN, H. PERROT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

The light, polarization and electron microscopic changes in the liver of four cases of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) are described. In one of these cases liver involvement resulted in death, whereas in the other three there were no symptoms of referable to hepatic disease. In two cases hepatic pigment was readily visible on light and polarization microscopy and corresponded to characteristic crystalline aggregates seen ultrastructurally. Pronounced micronodular cirrhosis and cholestasis were present in the fatal case, while in the other only mild periportal fibrosis and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate occurred. The third and fourth cases showed no evidence of hepatic involvement on light microscopy. Electron microscopy, however, revealed characteristic crystal-containing vacuoles indicative of protoporphyrin deposition. The need for early detection of the hepatic lesion is emphasized.
62 Common bile-duct-ligation of FXR knockout mice results in severe hepatic steatosis due to enhancement in lipogenic gene expression
Authors: T. Moustafa, P. Fickert, A. Prokesch, M. Wagner, A. Fuchsbichler, D. Silbert, J. Gumhold, H. Denk, Z. Trajanoski, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The Psychosocial Environment and Psychosomatic Disease
Authors: Z. J. Lipowski
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Unfortunately, terms like "psychosocial environment" and "psychosomatic diseases" are ambiguous and do not reflect the actual contents of the book. Some contributors discuss the effects on man's psychophysiological functioning of various aspects of his social environment, such as specific work conditions. Others present reports on experimental research with animals in whom pathological changes were induced by manipulation of the environment. Others still deal with the man-made physical aspects of the environment, like air pollution, whose effects on health need not involve any intervening psychological variables. Thus the broad focus of the symposium is on human ecology and man's adaptation to his social and physical environment. The majority of the papers deal with the ways whereby social interaction and situations affect persons psychologically and physiologically. The physiological changes set off by the individual's psychological response to events and situations in his social environment may influence susceptibility to organic disease. In other
The three paradoxes of private medicine: Hypocrisy, shock, and embarrassment were trivialised
Authors: John A Bailey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Incompetent patients may pose a problemEditor-The BMJ ethics committee's revised policy on consent to the publication of patient information is laudable, 1 but an important matter remains overlooked: publishing cases involving incompetent patients.Much can be learnt from these cases; be it highlighting clinical difficulties or drawing attention to neglected moral issues.But the guidelines as written may make it impossible to publish them.Imagine I wished to publish a case involving a traceable adult with learning disability who had requested genetic counselling.Turning to the guidelines, I would be required to obtain her consent before publication.However, obtaining written informed consent from adults with questionable competence could be difficult or exploitative, as they may lack the capacity to understand the implications of consent to publication.Furthermore, the exceptions listed under point 3 do not apply.Merely anonymising her information would be ethically problematic, as could drafting a fictional case "inspired" by the clinical encounter.Until the mental capacity bill becomes law, no one can provide consent on her behalf.How should we balance the value gained from publishing these cases with respecting the interests of the people involved?Rogers and Draper have already addressed this issue in the context of medical ethics research and teaching. 2They argue that using cases with practical obstacles to obtaining consent can often be justified by an appeal to public interest arguments, such as the public's right to know what clinical and ethical dilemmas doctors face.Although more discussion is required, the BMJ ethics committee also needs to develop practical recommendations for the use of case studies where the subject cannot provide full informed consent.
Blood Pressure in Early Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Robert W. Schrier, Kaleab Z. Abebe, Ronald D. Perrone, Vicente E. Torres, William E. Braun, Theodore I. Steinman, Franz T. Winklhofer, Godela Brosnahan, Peter G. Czarnecki, Marie C. Hogan, Dana C. Miskulin, Frederic F. Rahbari-Oskoui, Jared J. Grantham, Peter C. Harris, Michael F. Flessner, Kyongtae T. Bae, Charity G. Moore, Arlene B. Chapman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Hypertension is common in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and is associated with increased total kidney volume, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and progression of kidney disease.In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 558 hypertensive participants with ADPKD (15 to 49 years of age, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] >60 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area) to either a standard blood-pressure target (120/70 to 130/80 mm Hg) or a low blood-pressure target (95/60 to 110/75 mm Hg) and to either an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril) plus an angiotensin-receptor blocker (telmisartan) or lisinopril plus placebo. The primary outcome was the annual percentage change in the total kidney volume.The annual percentage increase in total kidney volume was significantly lower in the low-blood-pressure group than in the standard-blood-pressure group (5.6% vs. 6.6%, P=0.006), without significant differences between the lisinopril-telmisartan group and the lisinopril-placebo group. The rate of change in estimated GFR was similar in the two medication groups, with a negative slope difference in the short term in the low-blood-pressure group as compared with the standard-blood-pressure group (P<0.001) and a marginally positive slope difference in the long term (P=0.05). The left-ventricular-mass index decreased more in the low-blood-pressure group than in the standard-blood-pressure group (-1.17 vs. -0.57 g per square meter per year, P<0.001); urinary albumin excretion was reduced by 3.77% with the low-pressure target and increased by 2.43% with the standard target (P<0.001). Dizziness and light-headedness were more common in the low-blood-pressure group than in the standard-blood-pressure group (80.7% vs. 69.4%, P=0.002).In early ADPKD, the combination of lisinopril and telmisartan did not significantly alter the rate of increase in total kidney volume. As compared with standard blood-pressure control, rigorous blood-pressure control was associated with a slower increase in total kidney volume, no overall change in the estimated GFR, a greater decline in the left-ventricular-mass index, and greater reduction in urinary albumin excretion. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others; HALT-PKD [Study A] ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00283686.).
Baby's doctors to ask for right to die
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Doctors caring for a 3 month old baby girl who is severely brain damaged are to ask the High Court to let them switch off the ventilator keeping her alive. Sir Stephen Brown, president of the High Court's family division, who is expected to hear the case in May, will be asked to lay down guidelines for doctors taking decisions about withdrawing or withholding treatment from newborn babies with brain damage.

In the wake of a series of right to die cases involving adults, doctors …
Variation in factor B (BF) and complement component 2 (C2) genes is associated with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Bert Gold, Joanna E Merriam, Jana Zernant, Lisa S Hancox, Andrew J Taiber, Karen Gehrs, Kevin Cramer, Julia Neel, Julie Bergeron, Gaetano R Barile, R Theodore Smith, Gregory S Hageman, Michael Dean, Rando Allikmets
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Drug for Severe Sepsis Is Withdrawn From Market, Fails to Reduce Mortality
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Why should we expect a structure-modifying osteoarthritis drug to relieve osteoarthritis pain?
Authors: K. D. Brandt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

In patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) the real problem, for the clinician and the patient, is not radiographic OA but painful OA. As noted by Liang, ‘x-rays don't weep'.1 Patients weep.

In this issue of the Annals , Snijders et al 2 report results of a randomised controlled (RCT), placebo-controlled trial of doxycycline (doxy) in patients with symptomatic knee OA. Their primary end point was the difference in the proportion of subjects in the two treatment groups who achieved a clinical response at 24 weeks, as judged by OMERACT-OARSI responder criteria. Secondary outcomes included joint pain, stiffness, function, quality of life, OA-related medication use and side effects of treatment. The results showed no difference between doxy and placebo with respect to symptomatic benefit; about one-third of each treatment group met the responder criteria. The authors conclude that doxy is ineffective in reducing symptoms of knee OA over 24 weeks.

The study was prompted by our 2005 report that doxy slowed the rate of joint space narrowing (JSN) over 30 months in patients with knee OA; significant differences from placebo were seen as early as 16 months.3 In contrast to the study by Snijders et al ,2 our primary outcome measure was the effect of doxy on radiographic progression of OA, not on symptoms. Specifically, our intent was to ascertain whether a fluoroscopically assisted semiflexed radiographic view of the knee4 was suitable for use in a multicentre clinical trial of a putative structure-modifying OA drug (SMOAD). Subjects enrolled in the study, which was implemented in 1997, were recruited chiefly from the community, rather than from clinics for patients with joint pain. Our inclusion criteria did not contain a threshold for severity of joint pain and levels of knee pain at entry were low. Post hoc comparison showed …
INFECTIOUS FACTORS IN PEDIATRIC AND ADULT ALLERGY
Authors: Robert Chobot
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Allergic therapy, in my opinion, has been greatly hampered by the reluctance of many to acknowledge the theory of infective allergy. Indeed, allergists other than Cooke and his followers still fail to regard foci of infection as specific etiological factors. The practicing physician, however, recognizes the significance of focal infection because he sees the therapeutic results obtained when the chronic foci are removed. It is hoped that more and more physicians will recognize the necessity of the removal of foci in treatment, as they begin to understand the importance of bacterial sensitivity in allergy.  But before one can discuss intelligently the importance of focal infections in allergy, it is first necessary to consider the theoretical basis on which the concept of bacterial hypersensitivity rests. In 1921, Zinsser produced proof that the anaphylactic and tuberculin types of sensitization could exist in the same animal separately or at the same time. Rich
A Complex Adenovirus Vector That Delivers FASL–GFP with Combined Prostate-Specific and Tetracycline-Regulated Expression
Authors: Semyon Rubinchik, Danher Wang, Hong Yu, Fan Fan, Min Luo, James S. Norris, Jian-yun Dong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Cell-type-restricted transgene expression delivered by adenovirus vectors is highly desirable for gene therapy of cancer, as it can limit cytotoxic gene expression to tumor cells. However, many tumor- and tissue-specific promoters are weaker than the constitutively active promoters and are thus less effective. To combine cell-type specificity with high-level regulated transgene expression, we have developed a complex adenoviral vector. We have placed the tetracycline transactivator gene under the control of a prostate-specific ARR2PB promoter, and a mouse Tnfsf6 (encoding FASL)-GFP fusion gene under the control of the tetracycline responsive promoter. We have incorporated both expression cassettes into a single construct. We show that FASL-GFP expression from this vector is essentially restricted to prostate cancer cells, in which it can be regulated by doxycycline. Higher levels of prostate-specific FASL-GFP expression were generated by this approach than by driving the FASL-GFP expression directly with ARR2PB. More FASL-GFP expression correlated with greater induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Mouse studies confirmed that systemic delivery of both the prostate-specific and the prostate-specific/tet-regulated vectors was well tolerated at doses that were lethal for FASL-GFP vector with CMV promoter. This strategy should be able to improve the safety and efficacy of cancer gene therapy using other cytotoxic genes as well.