tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induction of ornithine decarboxylase following sellotape stripping in normal and psoriatic skin
Authors: W.P. ARNOLD, CANDIDA A.E.M. HOOIJDONK, P.D. MIER, P.C.M. KERKHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured in the epidermis of healthy volunteers and the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients at various times after sellotape stripping. Basal levels were less than 1 pmol/min/mg protein. Activity peaked to a maximum of 86 pmol/min/mg protein after 8 h; this was followed by an abrupt decline to a lower level which remained relatively constant for at least 36 h. No difference was seen between the response of controls and psoriatic patients. Pretreatment with topical corticosteroids reduced peak ODC levels to about one-half, but oral indomethacin had no effect.
SURGICAL GOWN WITH INSTRUMENT POCKETS
Authors: Wesley J. Woolston
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The accompanying illustration obviously explains the principle of the gown to be described. It is nothing more or less than a surgical gown patterned after a carpenter's apron. The first point of importance which occurred to me and which likewise will occur to the reader is the possibility of contamination of the instruments placed in the various pockets of the gown. In order to safeguard this point I have a triple thickness of material behind the pockets. After an experience of two years I find this to be ample. To those who might question the efficacy of this, an apron of either cellophane or thin rubber may be used to protect the cloth from the perspiration of the operator. To any objection which might be raised as to any discomfort occasioned by having the extra layers of cloth in back of the pockets I might add that it represents such
Wide-range load shift of combined aortic valvuloplasty-arterial vasodilation slows isovolumic relaxation of the hypertrophied left ventricle.
Authors: W J Paulus, G R Heyndrickx, P Buyl, M A Goethals, E Andries
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To assess the effects of left ventricular (LV) load on isovolumic relaxation rate of the hypertrophied LV, wide range LV load shifts were imposed by the sequential use of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) and arterial vasodilation in 14 patients with severe sclerocalcific aortic stenosis (aortic valve area, 0.45 +/- 0.16 cm2). Micromanometer tip-catheter LV pressure recordings (n = 14) and simultaneous LV angiograms (n = 9) were obtained before BAV, during nitroprusside infusion (NIT) before BAV, 48 hours after BAV, and 48 hours after BAV during NIT. LV peak systolic pressure (LVPSP) decreased from 237 +/- 33 mm Hg before BAV to 200 +/- 33 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) during NIT before BAV, to 201 +/- 27 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) after BAV and to 165 +/- 26 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) during NIT after BAV.LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) decreased from 55 +/- 34 ml before BAV to 25 +/- 23 ml (p less than 0.01) during NIT before BAV, to 30 +/- 32 ml (p less than 0.025) after BAV and to 15 +/- 12 ml (p less than 0.025) during NIT after BAV. LV end-systolic wall stress (LVESs) decreased from 90 +/- 30.10(3) dyne/cm2 before BAV to 41 +/- 13.10(3) dyne/cm2 (p less than 0.01) during NIT before BAV, to 55 +/- 16.10(3) dyne/cm2 (p less than 0.025) after BAV and to 26 +/- 6.10(3) dyne/cm2 (p less than 0.01) during NIT after BAV. Only after sequential BAV-NIT was the time of LV electromechanical systole (LVEST), which marked the onset of the LV isovolumic relaxation period, significantly reduced (from 419 +/- 26 msec before BAV to 363 +/- 28 msec after BAV-NIT [p less than 0.01]). The time constants of LV pressure decay with zero or nonzero asymptote pressure (TO and TPB) remained unchanged after BAV and during NIT before BAV. At the lowest LVPSP, LVESV, and LVESs after sequential BAV-NIT, both TO and TPB significantly prolonged from 35.7 +/- 6.3 to 46.7 +/- 12.6 msec (p less than 0.025) and from 46.6 +/- 12.5 to 73.2 +/- 23.3 msec (p less than 0.01). Phase-plane plots (LV dP/dt vs. LVP) of the LV pressure (P) signal during isovolumic relaxation were constructed for the four different loading states by matching corresponding LVP and LV dP/dt points. For a given LVP value, the corresponding LV dP/dt values on the phase plane plots were comparable before BAV, during NIT before BAV, and after BAV. The corresponding LV dP/dt value was higher during NIT after BAV, impling a slower relaxation rate at the same LVP after sequential BAV-NIT. A shift in the control of isovolumic LV relaxation kinetics from myofilamentary detachment to myoplasmic calcium removal, which proceeds slower in hypertrophied myocardium, could explain the observed slowing of LV isovolumic relaxation after drastic LV unloading of sequential BAV-NIT.
Maturation of the Human Complement System. I. ONSET TIME AND SITES OF FETAL C1q, C4, C3, AND C5 SYNTHESIS
Authors: Peter F. Kohler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The onset times and sites of human C1q, C4, C3, and C5 synthesis were determined by culturing tissues from 23 fetuses, 8-25 wk old, in the presence of [(14)C]lysine and isoleucine. In parallel, IgG and IgM production was followed. Liver, spleen, placenta, peritoneal and bone marrow cells, thymus, and colon were cultured for 48 h and the concentrated media studied by immunoelectrophoresis and subsequent autoradiography using adult human serum as carrier and specific antisera. The quantitative synthesis was approximated by scoring the intensity of the labeled precipitin lines using uniform conditions. C5 production was detected earliest at 8 wk gestation and by 11 wk and thereafter, C3, C4, and C5 synthesis was uniformly present in multiple tissues. C1q synthesis, however, was limited almost exclusively to the spleen, began at 14 wk, and was not uniformly present. In contrast IgG and IgM production did not occur in three fetuses synthesizing complement and while detected as early as 11 wk. was inconstant, occurred predominantly in the spleen, and was quantitatively much less compared to C3, C4, and C5. These findings suggest that developmentally the complement system is a more primative biological defense mechanism than antibody.
In-line measures of syntactic processing using event-related brain potentials
Authors: Marta Kutas, Jonathan W. King
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Scalp-recorded event-related potential (ERP) measures of reading and listening have been proved more sensitive to the time course of syntactic processing than the chronometric and behavioral data described by Caplan &amp; Waters. ERP studies using sentences containing relative clauses indicate that there are individual differences in syntactic processing that appear at the earliest theoretically relevant time points and are attributable to working memory operations.
National Rural Health Week April 4 Through 10, 1976
Authors: Bond L. Bible
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Things are happening in the provision of rural health care. The work of health care professionals, universities, and governmental agencies is beginning to pay off, and people in an increasing number of rural communities are the beneficiaries. The need for this kind of innovative work in rural health care provision was underscored recently by Earl Butz, Secretary of Agriculture, who said: "We must develop model facilities which can then be adapted by other communities for their own use." A number of programs are in operation that have already had an impact on the state of rural health and whose influence can be expected to continue to grow and spread. More primary care physicians are being produced. Rural emergency medical services are being extended into many more areas. Certification programs for physician's assistants are being expanded. The rural preceptorship program is being adopted by more medical schools. There is progress in
Sleeping sickness re-emerges in Uganda
Authors: B. Ochan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Millions of Ugandans are at risk of contracting sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis), after its re-emergence in areas where numbers of cases had been brought down to very low levels. The disease is also spreading to new areas.

National control programmes had been sacrificed in favour of programmes for new emerging public health problems such as HIV and AIDS, said Bob Mbulamberi, an expert on trypanosomiasis and assistant commissioner for health services in charge of control of vector borne diseases in the ministry of health. He said that over the past 12 years the disease had been given only marginal recognition by the government and the …
Patients Who Drink Too Much
Authors: Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Recently, a close acquaintance struggled through the physical and emotional ordeal of a marrow transplantation for leukemia. It was managed magnificently at a renowned academic health center, but he nearly died during an alcoholic binge following discharge. He had had many disastrous episodes with alcohol in the past. But when he tried to discuss his drinking with his doctors, they downplayed and scoffed at his suggestion that he was in trouble with alcohol. After all, he was a strong man who, with their help, had destroyed his cells run amok.  See also p 663.  Walsh and colleagues 1 bring us both good and bad news in this week's issue ofTHE JOURNAL. Welcome is their suggestion that when doctors address alcoholism with their patients, the outcome may improve. Confirming earlier reports, however, the bad news is the continuing inference that doctors are often loathe to intervene with patients who abuse
Advocacy Through a Prism: A Response to Commentaries on “Patient Advocacy in Clinical Ethics Consultation”
Authors: Lisa M. Rasmussen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments 1. As Autumn Fiester describes it, “the need for patient-advocacy arises when the patient's priorities are not getting proper recognition or consideration. And since this means that someone in the consult is being injured or harmed, allowing that harm is itself a moral wrong” (10). However, deciding what constitutes a harm is a normative act, which can be affected by whether one is advocating for a stakeholder.
Emerging tobacco hazards in China: 2. Early mortality results from a prospective study
Authors: S.-R. Niu, G.-H. Yang, Z.-M. Chen, J.-L. Wang, G.-H. Wang, X.-Z. He, H. Schoepff, J. Boreham, H.-C. Pan, R. Peto
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To monitor the evolving epidemic of mortality from tobacco in China following the large increase in male cigarette use in recent decades.Prospective study of smoking and mortality starting with 224 500 interviewees who should eventually be followed for some decades.45 nationally representative small urban or rural areas distributed across China.Male population aged 40 or over in 1991, of whom about 80% were interviewed about smoking, drinking, and medical history.Cause specific mortality, initially to 1995 but later to continue, with smoker versus non-smoker risk ratios standardised for area, age, and use of alcohol.74% were smokers (73% current, only 1% former), but few of this generation would have smoked substantial numbers of cigarettes since early adult life. Overall mortality is increased among smokers (risk ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.25, P<0.0001). Almost all the increased mortality involved neoplastic, respiratory, or vascular disease. The overall risk ratios currently associated with smoking are less extreme in rural areas (1.26, 1.12, or 1.02 respectively for smokers who started before age 20, at 20-24, or at older ages) than in urban areas (1.73, 1.40, or 1.16 respectively).This prospective study and the accompanying retrospective study show that by 1990 smoking was already causing about 12% of Chinese male mortality in middle age. This proportion is predicted to rise to about 33% by 2030. Long term continuation of the prospective study (with periodic resurveys) can monitor the evolution of this epidemic.
Gastroscopic Studies in Naval Personnel with Chronic Seasickness
Authors: Edward B. Benedict, Robert S. Schwab
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

IN a group of 150 cases of chronic seasickness studied clinically at the United States Naval Hospital in Chelsea, Massachusetts,1 , 2 routine gastrointestinal x-ray studies showed that 50 per cent had a characteristic roentgenologic appearance.3 These cases showed a constant triad of findings, namely, hypersecretion, loss of gastric motility and spasm of the pylorus. In a few cases there was in addition evidence of a moderate degree of hypertrophic gastritis, seen when a thick barium solution was used to bring out the gastric rugae.It was considered highly desirable to confirm these findings by direct gastroscopic examination. Since facilities for this . . .
Where to prick the apple for skin testing?
Authors: B. J. Vlieg‐Boerstra, W. E. van de Weg, S. van der Heide, A. E. J. Dubois
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Mal d 1 is not equally distributed over the apple. We aimed to examine the influence of the location of pricking in the apple on prick-to-prick skin prick test (PTP) results. PTPs were performed in autumn 2007 and spring 2008, before the birch pollen season, in 32 Dutch adults with symptoms of oral allergy to fresh apple, using apples harvested in autumn 2007. PTPs with fresh intact and unpeeled Pink Lady, Golden Delicious, Elise, Santana and Modi apples were performed using material obtained from approximately 2 cm near the stalk (top), and the middle region. All PTP responses were greater when performed with apple material near the stalk than from the middle region. In 2007, these differences were statistically significant for Pink Lady, Golden Delicious and Elise, and in 2008, for Pink Lady and Modi. When performing PTPs, the apple should be pricked near the stalk rather than in the middle.
miR-212 and miR-132 are required for epithelial stromal interactions necessary for mouse mammary gland development
Authors: Ahmet Ucar, Vida Vafaizadeh, Hubertus Jarry, Jan Fiedler, Petra A B Klemmt, Thomas Thum, Bernd Groner, Kamal Chowdhury
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Treatment of Persons Exposed to Rabies
Authors: Lawrence Corey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Several clinical and epidemiologic criteria have been formulated by the Center for Disease Control in advising physicians on the treatment of persons exposed to possibly rabit animals. When deciding whether or not to institute rabies prophylaxis, the physician must consider (1) the type of exposure, (2) the animal species involved in the exposure and the regional epidemiology of rabies, (3) the circumstances surrounding the exposure, and (4) the treatment alternatives and complications.
Arterial-Blood Gas Tension in Asthma
Authors: E. R. McFadden, Harold A. Lyons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, pH and forced expiratory volumes were measured in 101 asthmatic patients during acute attacks of bronchospasm. Hypoxemia was observed in 91 subjects. The cause of the depressed oxygen tensions was found to be an alteration in ventilation-perfusion ratios. Overall alveolar hypoventilation and increased venous admixture were found to contribute to the hypoxemia in some patients with very severe levels of airway obstruction. Seventy-three subjects had hypocarbia and respiratory alkalosis. Carbon dioxide retention (observed in 11 patients) occurred only at extreme degrees of obstruction. Age, history of asthma and duration of the acute attack were unrelated to the alterations in blood gas tensions, pH or severity of airway obstruction.
Catheter Technique for Closed-Chest Ablation of the Atrioventricular Conduction System
Authors: John J. Gallagher, Robert H. Svenson, Jack H. Kasell, Lawrence D. German, Gust H. Bardy, Archer Broughton, Giuseppe Critelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Catheter Technique for Closed-Chest Ablation of the Atrioventricular Conduction System — A Therapeutic Alternative for the Treatment of Refractory Supraventricular Tachycardia
Atrioventricular Junctional Tissue
Authors: Mark A. McGuire, Jacques M.T. de Bakker, Jessica T. Vermeulen, Antoon F.M. Moorman, Peter Loh, Bernard Thibault, Jacqueline L.M. Vermeulen, Anton E. Becker, Michiel J. Janse
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Previous work has demonstrated that cells with AV nodal-type action potentials are not confined to Koch's triangle but may extend along the AV orifices. The aim of this study was to examine the histological and electrophysiological characteristics of this tissue. Methods and Results Studies were performed in isolated, blood-perfused dog and pig hearts. Microelectrode recordings revealed cells with nodal-type action potentials around the tricuspid and mitral valve rings. These cells were found within 1 to 2 mm of the valve annuli. A zone of cells with intermediate action potentials, ≈1 cm wide, separated cells with nodal-type action potentials from cells with atrial-type action potentials in the body of the atria. In cells with nodal-type action potentials, adenosine caused a reduction in action potential amplitude (49±2 versus 33±2 mV, mean±SE; P &lt;.001), upstroke velocity (2.5±0.2 versus 2.0±0.2 V/s, P &lt;.05), and duration (150±4 versus 96±8 ms, P &lt;.001). The light microscopic appearance of AV junctional cells was similar to that of myocytes in the body of the atrium. A polyclonal antibody raised against connexin-43 bound to atrial and ventricular tissue but not to the AV junctional tissue or AV nodal region. The absence of connexin-43 correlated with the sites of cells with nodal-like action potentials. With pacing techniques, the AV junctional tissue in the region of the posterior AV nodal approaches could be electrically dissociated from atrial, AV nodal, and ventricular tissue. AV nodal echoes were induced with ventricular pacing in three dog hearts. In each case, retrograde conduction was through the slow pathway, and anterograde conduction was through the fast pathway. During echoes, activation of AV junctional cells preceded atrial activation during retrograde slow pathway conduction, but these cells were not activated during anterograde fast pathway conduction. Conclusions AV junctional cells around both annuli are histologically similar to atrial cells but resemble nodal cells in their cellular electrophysiology, response to adenosine, and lack of connexin-43. The light microscopic appearance of AV junctional cells is a poor guide to their action potential characteristics. The AV junctional cells in the posterior AV nodal approaches appear to participate in slow pathway conduction. These cells may be the substrate of the slow “AV nodal” pathway.
Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Disease
Authors: David A. Karnofsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

The cancer chemotherapist, in the absence of a fundamental philosophy or a satisfactory approach to his problem, is an eclectic, borrowing ideas and discoveries from the more advanced or at least the more fruitful scientific disciplines. The range of his interests and the nature of his approach are shown in the number of chemicals and groups of substances under study. These agents are, for the most part, chiefly of interest in a historical and immediate sense for many, if not all, will ultimately be discarded. Until a fundamental discovery appears, each year will see new agents greeted with enthusiasm, and . . .
Phenothiazines and Sudden Death
Authors: Paul H. Blachly
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Hollister and Kosek, in "Sudden Death During Treatment With Phenothiazine Derivatives" (<i>JAMA</i><b>192</b>:1035-1038 [June 21] 1965), draw conclusions that seem unsupported by the facts. On the basis of six case histories it was concluded that sudden death may be due to ventricular arrhythmias induced by phenothiazine derivatives. Recognizing that it is difficult to refute a highly popularized allegation, I will mention briefly each of the case histories. In Hollister's case 1, the patient had been taking phenothiazines for about seven years when he abruptly choked to death during a meal. Although phenothiazine drugs may tend to cause psychiatric patients to choke on their food, the evidence for this is not particularly good, and such patients, when affected by an organic brain syndrome, were choking on their food long before the discovery of phenothiazine drugs. In case 2, the patient died nine days after his dosage of
ETO protein of t(8;21) AML is a corepressor for Bcl-6 B-cell lymphoma oncoprotein
Authors: Nathalie Chevallier, Connie M. Corcoran, Christine Lennon, Elizabeth Hyjek, Amy Chadburn, Vivian J. Bardwell, Jonathan D. Licht, Ari Melnick
Journal: Blood (2003)
551. The Use of Electroporation To Transfer Plasmids to the Lung Results in Reduced TLR9 Signaling and Inflammation
Authors: Rui Zhou, James E. Norton, Ning Zhang, David A. Dean
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Electroporation is an efficient and safe technique to deliver naked DNA to both cells in culture and in living animals. Application of brief square wave pulses to cells induces transient pores to open in the plasma membrane, allowing DNA to enter the cytoplasm directly. We have used this approach to deliver plasmid DNA to the murine lung and found high level gene expression with almost undetectable inflammation or lung injury. By contrast, cationic lipid mediated gene transfer routinely induces inflammatory responses characterized by increased levels of cytokines. This inflammatory response is caused by unmethylated CpG residues in plasmid DNA, which activate toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Since TLR9 has been reported to be located in endosomes, we hypothesized that plasmid DNA does not activate the TLR9 pathway when delivered by electroporation, because electroporation bypasses endocytosis. To test this, plasmids were transfected into HEK293-TLR9 cells and HEK293-Null cells, using electroporation or liposomes. Twenty- four hours later, expression of IL-8 was measured by qPCR. IL-8 mRNA increased more than 10-fold in Lipofectin transfected HEK293-TLR9 cells, but no significant increase was seen in electroporated cells. Neither method caused increases in IL-8 expression in HEK293-Null cells. Western blotting using an antibody against phosph-IRAK1 shows the activation of TLR signaling pathway after cells were transfected by lipofectin, but activation is greatly reduced following electroporation of the same plasmids. To follow this signaling in living animals, 20 μg plasmid DNA was transferred to the lungs of mice by tracheally delivered lipoplex or electroporation and activation of cytokine expression was measured 24 hours later by either qPCR or by Cytometric Bead Array to measure cytokine proteins in BALF. The levels of IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ were only slightly higher with electroporation gene transfer compared with DNA only and liposome only. By contrast, liposome/DNA complex caused more than 10-fold increase in these three cytokines compared to electroporation gene transfer. Taken together, these results suggest that electroporation-mediated transfer of DNA appears to bypass the TLR-9 pathway, accounting for the very low levels of inflammation seen in animals.
Prognosis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in operable tongue cancer patients
Authors: Wan-Yu Chen, Yih-Leong Chang, Sung-Hsin Kuo, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The immune microenvironment is important to the pathophysiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our aim was to investigate the prognostic significance of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in operable tongue cancer patients treated with curative surgery and