tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UN pushes for efficient fight against AIDS
Authors: F Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Objective</h3> The objective of this study was to compare immunohistochemical profile for the apoptosis regulators p53, C-MYC, bax, PUMA, and PTEN and the cell cycle regulatory proteins p21 and p27, as well as clinical factors between types I and II tumors. <h3>Methods</h3> In total, 131 patients in FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stages I-II were divided into 2 groups of patients after type I tumors (n = 79) and type II tumors (n = 52). Differences in the immunohistochemical profile for the cell cycle–related proteins, detected by tissue microarrays and immune-histochemistry, were compared. For statistical tests, the Pearson χ<sup>2</sup> test and the logistic regression model were used. All tests were 2-sided, and the level of statistical significance was <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05. <h3>Results</h3> In multivariate logistic regression analysis with recurrent disease as endpoint, FIGO stage (odds ratio [OR], 4.7), type I/II tumors (OR, 3.8), body mass index (BMI) (OR, 3.5), and p53 status (OR, 4.2) all were found to be independent predictive factors. In 2 different multivariate logistic regression analyses with type I/II tumors as endpoint, both p53<sup>+</sup>p21<sup>−</sup> (OR, 2.9) and p27 status (OR, 3.0) were associated with type II tumors. Differently, C-MYC status (OR, 0.4) was associated with type I tumors. Furthermore, age (OR, 1.04), BMI (OR, 0.4), and recurrent disease (OR, 4.3) all were associated to type II tumors. In survival analysis, there was a trend (<i>P</i> = 0.054) toward better disease-free survival for patients with type I tumors. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Concomitant positivity for p53 and negativity for p21, positivity for p27, and negativity for C-MYC in an epithelial ovarian tumor might strengthen the diagnostic option of type II tumor ovarian carcinoma. Patients with type II tumors were older, had lower BMI, and had more often recurrent disease than patients with type I tumors.
Non-hypervascular hepatobiliary phase hypointense nodules on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: Risk of HCC recurrence after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Dong Ho Lee, Jeong Min Lee, Jae Young Lee, Se Hyung Kim, Jung Hoon Kim, Jung Hwan Yoon, Yoon Jun Kim, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Su Jong Yu, Joon Koo Han, Byung Ihn Choi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Natural killer p46<sup>High</sup>expression defines a natural killer cell subset that is potentially involved in control of hepatitis C virus replication and modulation of liver fibrosis
Authors: Benjamin Krämer, Christian Körner, Moritz Kebschull, Andreas Glässner, Marianne Eisenhardt, Hans-Dieter Nischalke, Michael Alexander, Tilman Sauerbruch, Ulrich Spengler, Jacob Nattermann
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in the early control and natural course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. NK cell function is regulated by a multitude of receptors, including activating NKp46 receptor. However, reports on NKp46 in hepatitis C are controversial. Therefore, we investigated the hepatic recruitment and function of NKp46(+) NK cells, considering differential surface expression of NKp46 resulting in NKp46(High) and NKp46(Dim) subsets. Intra- and extrahepatic NK-cell subsets from HCV-infected patients were characterized by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic activity and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion were studied using K-562, P815, and primary hepatic stellate cells as targets. Anti-HCV activity of NK-cell subsets was studied using the replicon system. Density of NKp46 surface expression clearly segregated NKp46(Dim) and NKp46(High) subsets, which differed significantly with respect to the coexpression of maturation markers and NK-cell receptors. More important, NKp46(High) NK cells showed a higher cytolytic activity and stronger IFN-γ secretion than NKp46(Dim) NK cells. Accordingly, NKp46(High) NK cells efficiently blocked HCV replication in vitro. Blocking experiments confirmed an important role for the NKp46 receptor. Furthermore, we found an intrahepatic accumulation of NKp46(High) NK cells. Of note, high cytolytic activity of NKp46(High) NK cells was also confirmed in the intrahepatic NK-cell population, and the frequency of intrahepatic NKp46(High) NK cells was inversely correlated with HCV-RNA levels and fibrosis stage.NKp46(High) expression defines a specific NK-cell subset that may be involved in both the suppression of HCV replication and HCV-associated liver damage underpinning the role of NK cells in the immunopathogenesis of HCV.
Flocculation of Insulin Preparations
Authors: LINDA PACHUCKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1987Flocculation of Insulin PreparationsLINDA PACHUCKI, R.N., M.S., PAMELA GOTCH, R.N., M.S.N., JOE SHAKER, M.D., JAMES FINDLING, M.D.LINDA PACHUCKI, R.N., M.S.Search for more papers by this author, PAMELA GOTCH, R.N., M.S.N.Search for more papers by this author, JOE SHAKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES FINDLING, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-5-781_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It has been reported that Humulin NPH insulin (Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, Indiana) may develop flocculation (white, clumped precipitate adhering to the glass vial) resulting in a loss of potency (1). This phenomenon has been seen with Humulin NPH after 3 to 6 weeks of patient use and may cause a deterioration in glycemic control. Although flocculation (or frosting) is considered to be a rare event (1 in 30 000 vials) (2), we have seen this problem frequently and wish to share our experience and current recommendations.Two patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus had unexplained hyperglycemia and...References1. BENSON E, WEBSTER B, and BECKER N. Flocculated Humulin N insulin. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1026-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ANDERSON J and MASSEY E. Flocculated Humulin N insulin. N Engl J Med. 1987:316:1027. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LINDA PACHUCKI, R.N., M.S.; PAMELA GOTCH, R.N., M.S.N.; JOE SHAKER, M.D.; JAMES FINDLING, M.D.Affiliations: St. Luke's Hospital Milwaukee, WI 53215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1987Volume 107, Issue 5Page: 781-781KeywordsHyperglycemiaInsulinType 1 diabetes ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from acute myeloid leukemia bone marrow exhibit aberrant cytogenetics and cytokine elaboration
Authors: J C Huang, S K Basu, X Zhao, S Chien, M Fang, V G Oehler, F R Appelbaum, P S Becker
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Abstract Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) play a fundamental role in the BM microenvironment (BME) and abnormalities of these cells may contribute to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to characterize the cytokine and gene expression profile, immunophenotype and cytogenetics of BM-MSCs from AML patients compared to normal BM-MSCs from healthy donors. AML BM-MSCs showed decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels compared to normal BM-MSCs. AML BM-MSCs expressed similar β1 integrin, CD44, CD73, CD90 and E-cadherin compared to normal BM-MSCs. Cytogenetic analysis revealed chromosomal aberrations in AML BM-MSCs, some overlapping with and others distinct from their corresponding AML blasts. No significant difference in gene expression was detected between AML BM-MSCs compared to normal BM-MSCs; however, comparing the differences between AML and MSCs from AML patients with the differences between normal hematopoietic cells and normal MSCs by Ingenuity pathway analysis showed key distinctions of the AML setting: (1) upstream gene regulation by transforming growth factor beta 1, tumor necrosis factor, tissue transglutaminase 2, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4; (2) integrin and interleukin 8 signaling as overrepresented canonical pathways; and (3) upregulation of transcription factors FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog. Thus, phenotypic abnormalities of AML BM-MSCs highlight a dysfunctional BME that may impact AML survival and proliferation.
Drugs acting on the bladder and urethra.
Authors: N G Bowery, N H Hills
Journal: BMJ (1978)

eye injuries was in players aged 11 to 15 years.Largely as a result of this study and others like it protective headwear and facewear is now mandatory in almost all junior ice hockey in Canada.There have also been recent articles regarding eye injuries in badminton2 and squash.3I am not aware of such an article on cricket eye injuries.This is just the right time for such a survey.I write from the land of ice hockey to the land of cricket in the hope of stimulating somebody to tackle the sticky
Abstract 4903: Identification of damage products derived from C3′-deoxy-3′-thymidinyl radical, a proposed intermediate from DNA-LEEs interactions
Authors: Buthina Abdallah, Kevin Trabbic, Amanda Bryant-Friedrich
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation (IR) to target deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) among other biological molecules for cancer treatment. As a result genotoxic, mutagenic and recombinogenic lesions can be formed. Oxidative damage to DNA through IR is partially produced by the secondary particles created along the ionization track. Secondary low-energy electrons (LEEs, 1-20 eV) are the most abundant secondary species produced by primary IR. Although it has been established that LEEs can produce substantial yields of DNA single and double strand breaks, the mechanism of their formation has not been established. Elucidation of the mechanism of damage by LEEs is essential for the development of global models of cellular radiolysis and more efficient methods of cancer radiotherapy. It was proposed that LEE can add to DNA constituents resulting in the formation of transient molecular anion intermediates that eventually lead to bond dissociation. It is believed that carbon-centered radicals on the sugar moiety are a major reactive intermediate formed in this process. One of these is the C3′-deoxy-3′-thymidinyl radical. The synthesis of C3′-deoxy-3′-(selenophenyl)thymidine as a precursor of this radical has been completed. Initial photolysis experiments for photochemical generation of the radical of interest were performed and the formation of the radical intermediate of interest has been established. Identification of damage products derived from this intermediate in nucleosides is currently in progress. The modified nucleoside was incorporated into oligonucleotides using reverse DNA synthesis. Photochemical generation of the C3′-deoxy-3′-thymidinyl radical within DNA was achieved using ultraviolet light (≥ 320nm). Identification of the damage products obtained from the generation of the C3’ radical is currently in progress. Oligonucleotides sequences with different base context were synthesized in order to investigate the effect of sequence on the distribution of damage products. The effect of the concentration of GSH on the damage product distribution is also under investigation. Through these efforts a link will be established between the products of LEEs and the deleterious effects of radiation in cancer radiotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4903. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4903
Growth hormone in children with idiopathic short stature
Authors: K. Albertsson-Wikland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The use of enterococci as a fecal indicator bacterial group for public health risk assessment has been brought into question by recent studies showing that “naturalized” populations of <i>E. faecalis</i> exist in the extraenteric environment in a viable but not culturable (VBNC) state. The extent to which these naturalized or VBNC <i>E. faecalis</i> can confound water quality monitoring is unclear. To determine if strains isolated from different habitats display different survival strategies and responses, we compared the decay patterns of three <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates from the natural environment (<i>environmental strains</i>) against three human gut isolates (<i>enteric strains</i>) in laboratory mesocosms that simulate an oligotrophic, aerobic freshwater environment. Our results showed similar overall decay rates between enteric and environmental isolates based on viable plate and qPCR counts. However, the enteric isolates exhibited a spike in rRNA:rDNA ratios between days 1 and 3 of the mesocosm incubations that was not observed in environmental isolates, which could indicate a different stress response. Nevertheless, there was no strong evidence of differential expression of genes thought to be related to habitat adaptation in the accompanying mesocosm metatranscriptomes when compared between environmental and enteric isolates. Overall, our results provide novel information on how rRNA levels may vary over different metabolic states (i.e., alive vs. VBNC) for this important indicator bacteria. We also observed some evidence for habitat adaptation in <i>E. faecalis</i>; however, this adaptation may not be substantial or consistent enough for integration in water quality monitoring. <h3>IMPORTANCE</h3> Enterococci are commonly used worldwide to monitor environmental fecal contamination and public health risk for waterborne diseases. However, some species within this group can enter an inactive, viable but not culturable (VBNC) state that make it difficult to accurately quantify during routine monitoring. Furthermore, lower-risk, environmental enterococci strains may also confound water quality estimates. We developed an rRNA:rDNA viability assay for <i>E. faecalis</i> (a predominant species within this fecal group) and tested it against both enteric and environmental isolates in freshwater mesocosms to assess whether this approach can serve as a more sensitive water quality monitoring tool. We were unable to reliably distinguish the different isolate types using this assay under the conditions tested here; thus, environmental strains should continue to be counted during routine water monitoring. However, this assay could be useful for distinguishing more recent (i.e., higher risk) fecal pollution because rRNA levels significantly decreased after one week in all isolates.
Bortezomib down-regulates the cell-surface expression of HLA class I and enhances natural killer cell–mediated lysis of myeloma
Authors: Jumei Shi, Guido J. Tricot, Tarun K. Garg, Priyangi A. Malaviarachchi, Susann M. Szmania, Rachel E. Kellum, Brian Storrie, Arend Mulder, John D. Shaughnessy, Bart Barlogie, Frits van Rhee
Journal: Blood (2007)
Prednisone in Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Thomas J. Romano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 April 1994Prednisone in Managing Rheumatoid ArthritisThomas J. Romano, MD, PhDThomas J. Romano, MD, PhDWheeling, WV 26003Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent article by Laan and colleagues [1] was interesting and thought provoking. However, a practicing physician must consider how this information, which was gathered after less than a year of treatment, applies to long-term management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Physicians are certainly aware that osteoporosis can result from glucocorticosteroids, but their use is unavoidable and essential in the initial management of some patients, especially those with severe, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis. If these drugs are not used, the patient's activity level tends to decrease with attendant psychological problems and diminution in quality of life.I certainly ...REFERENCE1. Laan RF, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB, van Erning LJ, van't Hof MA, Lemmens JA. Low-dose prednisone induced rapid reversible axial bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:963-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wheeling, WV 26003 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1994Volume 120, Issue 8Page: 693-694KeywordsBone resorptionDrugsExerciseFearMedical risk factorsOsteoporosisQuality of lifeRheumatoid arthritisSedentary behavior Issue Published: 15 April 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
<i>KrasG12D</i> and <i>p53</i> Mutation Cause Primary Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Michael R. O'Dell, Jing Li Huang, Christa L. Whitney-Miller, Vikram Deshpande, Paul Rothberg, Valerie Grose, Randall M. Rossi, Andrew X. Zhu, Hartmut Land, Nabeel Bardeesy, Aram F. Hezel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is a primary cancer of the liver with an increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Preclinical studies of the etiology and treatment of this disease are hampered by the relatively small number of available IHCC cell lines or genetically faithful animal models. Here we report the development of a genetically engineered mouse model of IHCC that incorporates two of the most common mutations in human IHCC, activating mutations of Kras (Kras(G12D)) and deletion of p53. Tissue-specific activation of Kras(G12D) alone resulted in the development of invasive IHCC with low penetrance and long latency. Latency was shortened by combining Kras(G12D) activation with heterozygous or homozygous deletion of p53 (mean survival of 56 weeks vs. 19 weeks, respectively), which also resulted in widespread local and distant metastasis. Serial analysis showed that the murine models closely recapitulated the multistage histopathologic progression of the human disease, including the development of stroma-rich tumors and the premalignant biliary lesions, intraductal papillary biliary neoplasms (IPBN), and Von Meyenburg complexes (VMC; also known as biliary hamartomas). These findings establish a new genetically and histopathologically faithful model of IHCC and lend experimental support to the hypothesis that IPBN and VMC are precursors to invasive cancers.
Morphine for Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Herbert B. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Except in those patients with severe chronic pulmonary disease, morphine sulfate has been a time-honored, and an unusually effective, drug. While its precise mode of action is not clear, it certainly does allay anxiety and produce venous pooling. Rotating tourniquets to all four extremities is another quick means to reduce venous return by pooling blood in the extremities. One other useful agent not mentioned in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema is intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) with oxygen bubbled through 50% ethyl alcohol. The alcohol is used for its antifoaming properties; the IPPB, because it tends to lower cardiac output by decreasing venous return and subsequently decreasing left ventricular filling, which improves arterial oxygen tension.
Quality of life in patients with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: S. Tabolli, F. Sampogna, C. Di Pietro, A. Paradisi, C. Uras, P. Zotti, D. Castiglia, G. Zambruno, D. Abeni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare, inherited group of disorders characterized by blistering of the skin following friction or mechanical trauma. EB has a clinical and socioeconomic impact on patients and their families.To assess the quality of life (QoL) in patients with EB and to determine disease burden.The study was an observational, cross-sectional postal survey. One hundred and eighty-five patients were invited to participate. Different sets of questionnaires [Short Form-36 (SF-36), Skindex-29, General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), EuroQol 5 dimensions] were sent to patients according to age. The perceived severity of the disease was evaluated by patients or by the mothers of the younger children with EB, using the Patient Global Assessment five-point scale. Carers received the Family Strain Questionnaire.One hundred and twenty-five respondents were analysed. Patients with EB showed lower values in physical components of the SF-36, while the mental components were not significantly impaired. Among EB types, patients with junctional EB and severe generalized recessive dystrophic EB reported lower values and their GHQ-12 scores were significantly different from those of patients with EB simplex. There were no significant differences among EB types/subtypes for Skindex-29 values. Women had a worse QoL compared with men in all Skindex-29 and SF-36 scales (P < 0.05). GHQ-positive cases were more frequent among women (48%) compared with men (16%) (P = 0.003); GHQ-positive cases had a worse QoL compared with GHQ-negative patients. The patient QoL decreased and the family burden increased with increasing patient perceived disease severity and with increasing patient body surface involved. No differences were seen among EB types for the family burden.In patients with EB mental components of SF-36 scores are similar to the normal population. The perceived disease severity and skin area involved are relevant for QoL in all EB types/subtypes. EB imposes a heavy burden on the caregiver and the family. Psychological support and close monitoring of QoL may help patients with EB and their carers.
Verbal encouragement: effects on maximum effort voluntary muscle: action
Authors: Peter J McNair, Jill Depledge, Matt Brettkelly, Stephen N Stanley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

Objective To examine the effects of verbal encouragement on the peak force of the elbow flexors during an isometric muscle action. Methods A crossover design whereby 20 subjects were divided into 10 2×2 Latin squares was undertaken. Peak forces were measured on a Kin-Com dynamometer, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was also recorded from the biceps brachii. All subjects completed trials with and without verbal encouragement. Results Mean peak force increased (P&lt;0.05) from 296 to 311 N (5%) when verbal encouragement was presented. A spectral analysis of the EMG activity showed no changes (P&gt;0.05) to the median frequency in the condition where verbal encouragement was present. Conclusions These findings have ramifications for training and exercise therapy. An awareness of the effects of verbal encouragement is important when motivating athletes and patients to attain maximum performance during exercise.