tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PROSTATIC DISEASE
Authors: ROY B. HENLINE
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Surgical diseases of the  gland present so many variations that no one surgical procedure will obtain the best results in all cases. A thorough understanding of the site of origin and progression of the disease permits one to select the proper surgical approach in each instance. So commonly do surgeons refer to the various types of prostatic operations as  of the prostate that many forget that the  is rarely actually removed. In many instances only the hyperplastic tissue, or so-called adenoma, is removed; the functioning prostatic glands or their remnants remain firmly attached to the surrounding fascia and together are referred to as the false capsule of the prostate. Often removal of this hyperplastic tissue is all that is required to establish adequate drainage of the bladder, and the remaining compressed, uninvolved prostatic tissue may reasonably be left behind. It is not uncommon, however, for these remaining
Incidence of Signs Usually Connected with Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: W. P. U. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1949)

POST-OPERATIVE THROMBOSIS MJ,BRMSH 847 decided that the results were not accurate enough to warrant the use of heparin and dicoumarol in those cases in which the tests were positive.It was found that there is commonly a fall in coagulation time during or immediately after operation, and it is suggested that thrombosis, if it does occur, probably starts during this period.I am indebted to Professor Digby Chamberlain, who proposed and guided these investigations, and on whose cases they were carried out.
Many cancer deaths could be eliminated by greater awareness and access to latest treatments, report says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Most deaths from cancer before advanced old age could be eliminated by 2050, claims a new report from the School of Pharmacy at University College London.1 But achieving this goal needs better awareness of cancer, a greater willingness of patients to share their worries with health professionals, and continuing access to the latest treatments even when they may seem expensive.

Overcoming Cancer in the 21st Century , which was funded by the Boots UK pharmacy group, argues that anticancer drugs are not a major item of public expenditure. Cancer is responsible for around a quarter of all deaths, but care of cancer patients amounts to no more than 6-7% of all healthcare spending in the United Kingdom, or around 0.7% of gross domestic product. Within cancer care, drug treatments typically represent about a fifth of the total cost, or between 0.1% and 0.2% of GDP.

“This is affordable for countries that wish to prioritise …
EU project interreg II: seroepidemiology study on hepatitis C and B viral infections prevalence in Bulgaria and nothern Greece
Authors: Bogdan Petrunov, Mira Kojauharova, Pavel Teoharov, Irina Haidushka, Penka Sotirova, Maria Sredkova, Ivan Russev, George Zacharakis, Fevronia Tzara, Nikolaos Vafeiadis, John Papathanasiou, Kostantinos Papoutselis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Non-operative removal of bile duct stones by duodenoscopic sphincterotomy in the elderly.
Authors: A S Mee, A G Vallon, J R Croker, P B Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Between January 1975 and December 1979, 71 patients over the age of 70 underwent attempted duodenoscopic sphincterotomy for stones in the common bile duct. Fifteen patients still had gall bladders in situ. Sphincterotomy was possible in 69 of the patients and in 65 of these duct clearance was achieved, giving an overall success rate of 92%. Failure to achieve sphincterotomy in two cases was due to substantial peripapillary diverticula. Duct clearance failed in four patients, mostly due to the size of the retained stones. The largest stone extracted was 24 mm diameter. There were no deaths but complications occurred in nine patients (13%); these were haemorrhage in four (requiring surgery in one), cholangitis in four (two of whom required surgical extraction of stones), and pancreatitis in one. The average duration of hospital stay in successful cases was 11 days (range three to 30). Clinical follow-up of 55 patients one to five years after sphincterotomy showed no evidence of stones or of stenosis of the sphincter. Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy is a major advance in the management of elderly patients with stones in the common bile duct.
Researcher is arrested for falsifying his results
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A former researcher at Iowa State University who spiked rabbit blood samples to make it look as though a potential HIV vaccine was working, earning millions in US federal grants, has been arrested and indicted in a federal court on four felony charges of making false statements.

Dong-Pyou Han, 57, an assistant professor, added human and rabbit HIV antibodies to rabbit serum samples to make it appear that an experimental HIV vaccine had stimulated a broad immune response. He also altered data files to convey the same impression and reported false results to his colleagues, according to the findings of the Office of Research Integrity and of a university inquiry.1 2 …
Genetic tylosis with malignancy: a study of a South Indian pedigree
Authors: PATRICK YESUDIAN, S. PREMALATHA, A. S. THAMBIAH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

SUMMARY Tylosis at birth was found as an autosomal dominant inheritance in twenty-two members of a family spanning over five generations. Of those affected three of the fourth generation tylotics developed squamous carcinoma of the tylotic skin and one of these died of carcinoma of the oesophagus. It is possible that there is a genetic association between the state of the oesophagus and the tylosis of the palms and soles which predisposes both sites towards the development of squamous carcinoma.
Our Endangered Integrity — It Can Only Get Worse
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In this issue of the Journal, Asch and Ubel call our attention to a common problem for physicians — namely, whether to choose the “best” test or treatment for their patients or a second-best, cheaper one.1 They illustrate the problem with several realistic clinical scenarios and describe the second-best choice as a compromise that could be considered a form of rationing. The rationales for the compromise choices vary: in one case the physician chooses a cheaper item because he is concerned about the high cost of care to society, in another the inferior alternative is chosen because it is considered . . .
“Mind the Gap” When Managing Ketoacidosis in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Paul Lee, Jerry R. Greenfield, Lesley V. Campbell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Substance abuse has increased among type 1 diabetic patients (1) and can lead to life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This is the first study examining the impact of substance abuse on acidosis in DKA.

A retrospective review was performed on 19 type 1 diabetic patients who presented with DKA (glucose >15 mmol/l, presence of urinary and/or plasma ketones , and pH <7.2) during a 10-month period. Of these, patients reported nonadherence to ≥1 dose of insulin before presentation. Ten patients reported illicit drug use in the 48 h before presentation, including cannabis ( n = 8), ecstasy ( n = 6), ketamine ( n = 6), benzodiazepines ( n = 3) , …
Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in 24 461 Patients Aged 80 Years or Older
Authors: Eric D. Peterson, Patricia A. Cowper, James G. Jollis, Judith D. Bebchuk, Elizabeth R. DeLong, Lawrence H. Muhlbaier, Daniel B. Mark, David B. Pryor
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is increasingly common in patients of age ≥80 years. Single-institution reviews have cited a wide range of mortality results after bypass surgery in this age group, in part because of limited sample sizes. Using claims data, we examined recent national trends in the use and outcomes of bypass surgery in the very elderly. Methods and Results From an examination of Medicare data from 1987 through 1990, we identified 24 461 patients of age ≥80 years who underwent bypass surgery. We compared surgical outcomes in these patients with those in Medicare patients of age 65 to 70 years. We found that the national use of bypass surgery in patients of age ≥80 years increased 67% between 1987 and 1990. Compared with patients of age 65 to 70 years, the very elderly had significantly longer postoperative hospital stays (mean, 14.3 versus 10.4 days), higher charges (mean, $48 200 versus $38 000), and greater costs (mean, $27 200 versus $21 700). In-hospital (11.5% versus 4.4%), 1-year (19.3% versus 7.9%), and 3-year mortality rates (28.8% versus 13.1%) after bypass surgery were also significantly higher in patients of age ≥80 years compared with younger patients. Although their initial surgical risk was high, octogenarians who underwent bypass surgery had a long-term survival rate similar to that of the general US octogenarian population. Conclusions The use of bypass surgery in patients of age ≥80 years is increasing. These very elderly patients face high surgical risks and accumulate significant hospital expenses. Further research is indicated to determine whether the long-term benefits from bypass surgery in the very elderly outweigh the increased procedural risks.
Differential Effects of Apolipoprotein A-I–Mimetic Peptide on Evolving and Established Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Null Mice
Authors: Xiaojun Li, Kuang-Yuh Chyu, Jose R. Faria Neto, Juliana Yano, Nitya Nathwani, Carmel Ferreira, Paul C. Dimayuga, Bojan Cercek, Sanjay Kaul, Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-I-mimetic peptides showed promise to prevent atherosclerosis development. Using a bypassed vein graft model in apoE-null mice, we evaluated the effects of oral or intraperitoneal administration of an apoA-I-mimetic peptide on evolving atherosclerotic lesions in the vein graft and compared such effects on the established atherosclerotic lesions in aortic sinus in the same mice.We used apoE-null mice in which a segment of inferior vena cava was grafted into the right carotid artery at 16 weeks of age. Native aortic atherosclerotic lesions (established atherosclerosis) and vein-graft atherosclerotic lesions (evolving atherosclerosis) were assessed 4 weeks after daily oral (0.3 mg/mL) or intraperitoneal (50 microg in 200 microL saline) administration of an apoA-I-mimetic peptide, D4F. Mice receiving saline or water without D4F served as controls. Both oral and intraperitoneal administration of D4F reduced vein-graft atherosclerotic (evolving lesions) plaque size by 43% and 42%, plaque lipid by 70% and 49%, and macrophage immunoreactivity by 63% and 62%, respectively, compared with controls. In contrast, D4F had no effect on the native aortic sinus atherosclerotic lesions (established lesions).Oral and intraperitoneal administration of the apoA-I-mimetic peptide D4F significantly reduced rapidly evolving atherosclerotic lesions in vein grafts but not established atherosclerotic lesions in aortic sinus. These observations suggest that the type of atherosclerotic lesions and the time of initiation during the course of lesion evolution modulate the beneficial effects of apoA-I-mimetic peptides on atherosclerosis.
Philadelphia County Medical Society.
Authors: Augustus A. Eshner
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Philadelphia, Sept. 25, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you kindly announce on behalf of the Philadelphia County Medical Society that I have a considerable number of volumes of Transactions of the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania from 1889 to 1894, and some earlier ones in not perfect condition, which I shall be glad to furnish any one who will apply in person, or forward to any one who will accompany his application with the cost of packing and transportation, about 25 cents by mail. Respectfully, 224 S. Sixteenth St.
Drinks companies delayed publication of analysis of marketing practices
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Drinks companies and their advertising agencies tried to persuade the House of Commons health select committee to keep under wraps many of the internal documents setting out their marketing strategies. The documents have been analysed in a BMJ paper published this week.

They argued that many of the documents, handed over to the committee as part of its recent inquiry into alcohol, were confidential and commercially sensitive.

But after a brief delay to allow the companies to make their representations the committee decided to give the go-ahead for publication of the paper analysing the documents, which it commissioned from Gerard Hastings and colleagues at the Institute for Social Marketing at Stirling University ( BMJ 2010;340:b5650, doi:10.1136/bmj.b5650).

Their paper suggests that the UK’s self regulatory …
Clinical significance of myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration in the subacute phase of myocarditis
Authors: Yasushi Abe, Jiyoong Kim, Masatake Fukunami, Masaharu Ohmori, Tsuyoshi Shimonagata, Kazuaki Kumagai, Takahisa Yamada, Motoo Dale, Syoji Sanada, Noritake Hoki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Racing to the Beginning of the Road: The Search for the Origin of Cancer
Authors: William R. Jewell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings19 January 1999Racing to the Beginning of the Road: The Search for the Origin of CancerWilliam R. Jewell, MDWilliam R. Jewell, MDUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Racing to the Beginning of the Road: The Search for the Origin of CancerWeinberg RA. 274 pages. New York: WH Freeman; 1998. $14.95. ISBN 0716732831. Order phone 800-877-5351.Field of medicine: Oncology, molecular biology, and cancer biology.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Students at all levels of medical education and general readers who are interested in cancer research.Purpose: To tell the story of how the current concept of the molecular genesis of cancer came about.Content: The book begins by outlining the state of cancer research in 1953, when Watson and Crick published their watershed work on the structure ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 2Page: 167KeywordsCarcinogenesisComputer softwareDNAGeneticsMedical educationMolecular biology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 19 January 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Bone Crystal Maturation in Renal Osteodystrophy in Humans
Authors: James M. Burneli, Elizabeth Teubner, Jon E. Wergedal, Donald J. Sherrard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, carbonate, magnesium, and hydroxyproline were measured in iliaccrest biopsies of 22 normal volunteers and 24 selected patients with renal osteodystrophy. Histologic classification revealed that 10 were mildly abnormal, 8 osteomalacic, and 6 osteofibrotic. Bone density measurements were performed on an additional 12 normal, 11 mildly abnormal, 6 osteomalacic, and 10 osteofibrotic subjects. The results revealed an increase in magnesium and adecrease in carbonate apparent in the minimal and osteomalacic lesions and a much greater change in osteofibrosis. The bone density was decreased in patients with osteofibrosis. These observations would appear to be explained by postulation of an impairment of the normal maturational process of bone whereby there is an increase in amorphous calcium phosphate and a decrease in apatite crystal. The data suggest that the maturational defect is present as soon as any abnormality can be identified histologically, is present to the same degree in osteomalacia, and is most severe in osteofibrosis. In comparison of two sets of six patients matched for age and duration of dialysis, neither acidosis nor vitamin D therapy appeared to influence the severity of the maturational defect.
Associations between air pollution and mortality in Phoenix, 1995-1997.
Authors: T F Mar, G A Norris, J Q Koenig, T V Larson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We evaluated the association between mortality outcomes in elderly individuals and particulate matter (PM) of varying aerodynamic diameters (in micrometers) [PM(10), PM(2.5), and PM(CF )(PM(10) minus PM(2.5))], and selected particulate and gaseous phase pollutants in Phoenix, Arizona, using 3 years of daily data (1995-1997). Although source apportionment and epidemiologic methods have been previously combined to investigate the effects of air pollution on mortality, this is the first study to use detailed PM composition data in a time-series analysis of mortality. Phoenix is in the arid Southwest and has approximately 1 million residents (9. 7% of the residents are &gt; 65 years of age). PM data were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Exposure Research Laboratory Platform in central Phoenix. We obtained gaseous pollutant data, specifically carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide data, from the EPA Aerometric Information Retrieval System Database. We used Poisson regression analysis to evaluate the associations between air pollution and nonaccidental mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Total mortality was significantly associated with CO and NO(2) (p &lt; 0.05) and weakly associated with SO(2), PM(10), and PM(CF) (p &lt; 0. 10). Cardiovascular mortality was significantly associated with CO, NO(2), SO(2), PM(2.5), PM(10), PM(CF) (p &lt; 0.05), and elemental carbon. Factor analysis revealed that both combustion-related pollutants and secondary aerosols (sulfates) were associated with cardiovascular mortality.
A CASE OF APOPLEXY AND APHASIA IN A BOY TEN YEARS OLD.
Authors: TALBOT JONES
Journal: JAMA (1884)

eight cases in his private office, without anaesthesia, and allowed his patients to ride home in the street cars, and permitted them to remain up, and even to walk out during convalescence.In two of Dr. Mundé's cases, mentioned in his journal, he found upon the third day, when making his visit, that his patients had gone down town to attend to their business, they being shop girls in a dry goods store.They both made perfect recovery.While this is all possible, still the risk of the occur¬ rence of cellulitis is so great with some, upon slight exposure, that careful after treatment and rest in bed should be insisted npon.Fatal results have followed this operation.Mundé reported a death not long ago from secondary haemorrhage and another from cellulitis-the only deaths, by the way, which I happen to know of as the result of trachelorraphy.Much stress is laid by Emmet, Mundé, Thomas, Baker of Boston, Goodell, Lee, and others upon the necessity of careful preparatory treatment.This is good advice so far as relates to uncured pelvic cellu¬ litis, but so far as it relates to cervical catarrh, it has always appeared to me better not to delay to cure the catarrh before operating, but to cure it by operating.Cut away the tissues from which the glairy tenacious catarrhal secretion exudes, down to the healthy parts, and firing the denuded surfaces together by sutures, and you cure your patient and do away with the dis¬ charge at one and the same time.If the catarrh con¬ tinues from the canal which you construct or restore by your operation, I hold that you have it in much more favorable condition for treatment than before.In this connection I was pleased to see an article of Dr. Van de Warker in the July number of the Journal of Obstetrics for 1883, in which he makes this point in his analysis of thirty-one operations.The results produced by cervical laceration form, in a measure, the indications for its treatment, and I can state these indications in no more concise way
THE ASSESSMENT OF LEFT ATRIAL FUNCTION BY 2-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING ALLOWS TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY AND ATHLETE'S HEART
Authors: Luigi íGabrielli, Samuel íCordova, Fernando íYañez, Andrés íEnríquez, Fabrizio íFasce, Iván íGodoy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Mechanisms of Tumor Immunity
Authors: George H. Barrows
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This exceptional reference collates the massive data of tumor immunology that has accumulated during the past five years. Those closely associated with immunology and neoplasia will find the anthology invaluable, but the book is also well suited to anyone with serious interest in new developments in medical science. Although multiauthored, the book is carefully written and edited, with a minimum of overlap. The 20 contributors all have extensive experience in the subject matter they cover. The authors systematically cover the areas of tumor immunology and present extensive references. Particularly good discussions of cell-mediated reactions, by Robert McCluskey and Atiel Bhan, concisely characterize the basis of immunologic response in immunity to neoplasia. The related topics of tumor cell destruction and regulation of inflammatory response in neoplasia complete the coverage of the complex topic of immunologic protection against neoplasia. Elaine Jaffe and Ira Green present an authoritative review of neoplasms of the
Simvastatin Reduces Graft Vessel Disease and Mortality After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Klaus Wenke, Bruno Meiser, Joachim Thiery, Dorothea Nagel, Wolfgang von Scheidt, Gerhard Steinbeck, Dietrich Seidel, Bruno Reichart
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Accelerated graft vessel disease (GVD) represents the most serious long-term complication of heart transplantation. A possible cause underlying this progressive coronary vascular disease is believed to be post-transplantation hypercholesterolemia.In a 4-year prospective randomized study with heart transplant recipients, the efficacy of primary antihypercholesterolemic therapy with simvastatin was compared with that of general dietary therapy. The aim of the treatment was to maintain post-transplantation LDL-cholesterol levels at <120 mg/dL. Seventy-two heart transplant recipients receiving standard triple immunosuppression were randomly assigned to an active-treatment group (low-cholesterol diet and simvastatin, n=35) or a control group (general dietary measures, n=37). In the course of 4 years after transplantation, the simvastatin group had significantly lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations than the control group (mean+/-SD, 115+/-14 versus 156+/-17 mg/dL,P=.002), a significantly better long-term survival (88.6% versus 70.3%,P=.05), and a lower incidence of GVD in the coronary angiographic findings (16.6% versus 42.3%,P=.045). The incidence of graft rejections did not differ between the two groups, although there was a tendency toward a lower number of serious rejections in the simvastatin group (2.8% versus 13.5%, P=.1). Intracoronary ultrasound performed after 4 years in a subgroup of 27 patients (simvastatin, 10; control, 17) showed less intimal thickening in patients with LDL-cholesterol levels of <110 mg/dL (170+/-84 versus 370+/-171 microm, P=.04) and a lower intimal index (13.8+/-7.1% versus 27.9+/-12.1%,P=.04).In comparison with dietary measures alone, the combination of a low-cholesterol diet and simvastatin after heart transplantation led to a significant reduction in cholesterol levels, a significantly higher long-term survival rate, and a lower incidence of GVD.