tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Raw vs. Cooked Data
Authors: Murray Weiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

"Not just data — reality" [IBM AD.]Before the evolution of the art of medical practice into clinical science, the acceptance of medical opinions depended on the prestige and position of the person who voiced them. The "Herr Professor" of the community needed only indicate that his personal observations led him to a particular conclusion to have that conclusion accepted. The wisdom and experience of the leading specialists was considered to be the best possible basis for a proper technical judgment. It was assumed that only somebody with the expert's unique qualifications was in a position to know and understand . . .
Abstract LB-391: Aurora kinase inhibitor AT9283 potently inhibits the proliferation and migration of medulloblastoma cells
Authors: Tobey J. Macdonald, Jingbo Liu, John Lyons
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aurora kinases play an important role in regulating cell mitotic division. It has been found that they are over expressed in many human cancers, and decreased expression in either Aurora kinase A or B levels lead to cell apoptosis. It has been suggested that Aurora kinase inhibitors might be an attractive molecular target of anticancer therapy. AT9283, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with potent activity against both Aurora kinases A and B, is currently being evaluated in clinical trails in patients with advanced hematological malignancies including AML. However to date, this compound has not been evaluated in medulloblastoma, one of the most common malignant brain tumors in children. In this study, AT9283 was investigated in a panel of human medulloblastoma cell lines (DAOY and D556) and the SmoA1 transgenic mouse model of medulloblastoma cells (PS125) to assess its ability to inhibit medulloblastoma cell survival, growth and migration. Western blotting demonstrated significant inhibition of both Aurora kinases A and B in each cell type by AT9283. MTT assay demonstrated that AT9283 significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in all 3 cell lines. Furthermore, the compound potently reduced phospho-histone H3 levels, and induced caspase-3 and cleaved PARP in all cells. AT9283 treatment at concentrations as low as 0.01–0.05μM significantly inhibited cell migration, as demonstrated by the Scratch assay without affecting caspase-3 induction, cleaved PARP or phospho-histone H3 levels. Thus taken together, our results indicate that AT983 has a dual effect on inhibiting cell growth and migration in medulloblastoma cells, suggesting it may be a valuable therapy in medulloblastoma treatment and warrants further preclinical in vivo investigation in this disease model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-391. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-391
Acute Paracetamol Poisoning
Authors: A. T. Proudfoot, N. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Of 41 cases of acute paracetamol poisoning one died of gastrointestinal haemorrhage and acute massive necrosis of the liver, three became jaundiced, and 13 others had biochemical evidence of hepatocellular damage. Liver damage is a toxic effect which is present in most patients who ingest more than 15 g. of paracetamol. One patient with liver damage survived renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis. It is suggested that the renal lesion was also the result of paracetamol overdosage.Profound hypoglycaemia and metabolic acidosis may also complicate severe poisoning. Plasma levels of para-aminophenol fall rapidly, and procedures currently used to enhance the elimination of the drug cannot be expected to prevent development of hepatic damage.
Apoptosis in relevant clinical situations contribution of apoptosis in myocardial infarction
Authors: H Yaoita
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Myocardial infarction is associated with increased TUNEL-positivity in cardiac resident and infiltrated cells. Apoptosis of proliferated interstitial myofibroblasts and infiltrated inflammatory cells may have a role in terminating tissue repair processes after infarction. Lateral and endocardial border zones of infarction within the risk area have frequent appearance of TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes. Although the typical ultrastructural morphology of apoptosis has rarely been detected in ischaemic cardiomyocytes, there are many reports in which the TUNEL method was used for assessment of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It has become evident that TUNEL-positivity reflects a wide range of cellular conditions; viable cells undergoing DNA repair, apoptosis, and necrosis. Therefore, it is controversial whether TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes in infarcted myocardium are all apoptotic. Methods which will be more specific for identifying apoptosis are required for future study. TUNEL-positivity can be attenuated by anti-apoptotic interventions such as inhibition of caspases, mitochondrial protection, free radical scavenging, and some conventional pharmacotherapies. However, it remains to be determined whether anti-apoptotic interventions result in satisfactory reduction of infarct size. The injurious impact of myocardial ischaemia comes from a mixture of pro-apoptotic and necrosis-promoting signals, and the target of both signals is mitochondria. Through a common pathway they may cause permeability transition. Interventions which act only at the post-mitochondrial stage of apoptosis may fail to reduce infarct size, whereas those acting at pre-mitochondrial and mitochondrial stages may reduce infarct size. Progress in investigating the basic mechanisms of apoptosis and recognition of the modes of cardiomyocytes death will contribute to advances in cardioprotective therapy in myocardial infarction.
The activity of various topical griseofulvin preparations and the appearance of oral griseofulvin in the stratum corneum
Authors: ARTHUR G. KNIGHT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Stratum corncum may be stripped onto a tape, sterilized and then inoculated with Trichophyton mentagrophytes spores. Under controlled conditions the spores germinate in vitro in the stratum corneum. This method has been quantified and adapted to the investigation of topical antifungal agents. Various formulations of topical griseofulvin were tested for activity and duration of effect with this method. The antifungal effect of I% griseofulvin in a cream base was weak and of short duration. I% griscofulvin in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) was totally effective for 24 h and could be detected 96 h after one application. Griseofulvin in DMAC was also totally effective, as a prophylactic agent, against experimental human T, mentagrophytes infections for up to 72 h after one application. Griseofulvin in an oral dose of I g daily was detected in all three layers of the stratum corneum within 8 h of administration.
Comparison of Naive Sixth-Grade Children With Trained Professionals in the Use of an Automated External Defibrillator
Authors: John W. Gundry, Keith A. Comess, Frances A. DeRook, Dawn Jorgenson, Gust H. Bardy
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is strongly influenced by time to defibrillation. Wider availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) may decrease response times but only with increased lay use. Consequently, this study endeavored to improve our understanding of AED use in naive users by measuring times to shock and appropriateness of pad location. We chose sixth-grade students to simulate an extreme circumstance of unfamiliarity with the problem of OHCA and defibrillation. The children’s AED use was then compared with that of professionals. Methods and Results —With the use of a mock cardiac arrest scenario, AED use by 15 children was compared with that of 22 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) or paramedics. The primary end point was time from entry onto the cardiac arrest scene to delivery of the shock into simulated ventricular fibrillation. The secondary end point was appropriateness of pad placement. All subject performances were videotaped to assess safety of use and compliance with AED prompts to remain clear of the mannequin during shock delivery. Mean time to defibrillation was 90±14 seconds (range, 69 to 111 seconds) for the children and 67±10 seconds (range, 50 to 87 seconds) for the EMTs/paramedics ( P &lt;0.0001). Electrode pad placement was appropriate for all subjects. All remained clear of the “patient” during shock delivery. Conclusions —During mock cardiac arrest, the speed of AED use by untrained children is only modestly slower than that of professionals. The difference between the groups is surprisingly small, considering the naïveté of the children as untutored first-time users. These findings suggest that widespread use of AEDs will require only modest training.
Cultural adjustment and the overseas trainee
Authors: S. Singh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Two years ago I arrived in Britain on the overseas doctors' training scheme in psychiatry. This was my first trip to a foreign country. I came with little money and no friends or relatives in Britain. I was singularly unprepared, having gathered impressions of Britain from the books of P G Wodehouse and George Mikes. I had expected a country of cricket lovers; football hooligans took me by surprise.

For someone who has always been one of us, it is impossible to imagine the feeling of being the other that engulfs you soon after arrival in a new country. The deafening silence of the countryside; the palpable discomfort at meeting a stranger's gaze; astonishment at everyone's attempts to hide behind a newspaper in the London tube; inability to react to the smile of a stranger that never quite reaches the eyes; and the early awareness of racial stereotypes are all disconcerting experiences. You are torn between the need to make human contact and a greater need to hide. For most people a summation of discrete experiences crystallises into this feeling of otherness. On my third night I walked into my first English pub and was immediately aware of the intrusive quality of my appearance by its effect on others. Later that night three young men decided to settle scores with someone for the Gulf war, …
An Ego-analytic Approach to Administration
Authors: J. Kuten
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1968)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 An Ego-analytic Approach to Administration: (The Application of Psychotherapeutic Principles in the Organization and Development of Child Guidance for U. S. Air Forces in Europe) Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology J. Kuten J. Kuten Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical School, Boston, Mass. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1968) 16 (1-3): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285918 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. Kuten; An Ego-analytic Approach to Administration: (The Application of Psychotherapeutic Principles in the Organization and Development of Child Guidance for U. S. Air Forces in Europe). Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1968; 16 (1-3): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285918 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal 1968Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Excessive Work Hours of Physicians in Training: Maladaptive Coping Strategies
Authors: Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi, Masoom Kassi, Talha Khawar
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

We would like to congratulate Kenneth R. Fernandez Taylor for bringing up such an important but avoided issue in developing countries like Pakistan [1]. The growing debate regarding long working hours of postgraduate trainees has been receiving considerable attention recently [2]. This greater workload contributes to increasing stress and decreases the overall performance and the quality of life of the affected individuals [3,4].

In Pakistan, physicians, after having done a five-year medical degree (MBBS) course, are supposed to do their “internship”, or “house job” as it is often referred to. The salaries speak a sorry tale as the typical monthly salary of an intern starts from 8,000 rupees (US$129); even lower than what is mentioned by the author in El Salvador.

The author very rightly describes a typical tiring working week for an intern with little or no time for any educational activities. Some of the specialties are known for the fact that their working hours are “killing” for their residents and interns; unfortunately, some may even pride themselves on this. This inhumane approach is not often criticized by the interns working in a hospital; probably because they are too tired at the end of a day or even two or three continuous days to do so. We know of two specialties (neurosurgery and urology) in which the on call team came on Friday and left on Monday morning (72 hours straight); the reason being no other team was available to cover for them. And most of the time what an intern does is merely “clerical” work, with little satisfaction.

We, as final year medical students, tried to bring attention to this issue by documenting firstly how many hours the interns and residents worked; and secondly if these hours led to negative coping strategies or mechanisms, which might further contribute to the stress of these individuals, rather than helping them in relieving it.

We found that long working hours were indeed leading to negative coping mechanisms such as behavioral disengagement (“I’ve been giving up trying to deal with it”), substance use (“I’ve been using alcohol or drugs to make myself feel better”), denial (“I’ve been saying to myself, ‘this isn’t real’”), and venting (“I’ve been saying things to let my unpleasant feelings escape”). The frequency of different coping strategies employed by the residents in the past two weeks was determined with the Brief COPE–28 tool [5].

We also found significant levels of mild as well as morbid stress in the trainees of the hospital, with every second individual suffering from some degree of stress as well. Action indeed is needed.
Transgenic mice overexpressing human KvLQT1 dominant-negative isoform Part II: Pharmacological profile
Authors: Gilles Lande, Sophie Demolombe, Antoine Bammert, Antoon Moorman, Flavien Charpentier, Denis Escande
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: The acquired long QT syndrome results most often from the action of IKr blocking-drugs on cardiac repolarization. We have evaluated a transgenic (TG) mouse (FVB) overexpressing a dominant-negative KvLQT1 isoform, as an in vivo screening model for IKr blocking drugs. Results: In TG mice, six-lead ECGs demonstrated sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, and QTc prolongation. Various drugs were injected intraperitoneally after blockade of the autonomic nervous system and serial ECGs were recorded. The end of the initial rapid phase of the T wave corrected for heart rate using a formula for mouse heart (QTrc), was used as a surrogate for the QT interval. Dofetilide, a specific IKr blocker, did not prolong the QTrc interval either in TG or in wild-type (WT) mice but dose-dependently lengthened the sinus period in TG mice but not in WT mice. Other IKr blockers including E 4031, haloperidol, sultopride, astemizole, cisapride and terikalant behaved similarly to dofetilide. Tedisamil, a blocker of the transient outward current, dose-dependently prolonged the QTrc in WT mice but not in TG mice and also reduced the sinus rhythm in both WT and TG mice. Lidocaine dose-dependently shortened the QTrc interval in TG mice and also lengthened the P wave duration. Nicardipine dose-dependently shortened QTrc and also produced sinus arrest in both WT and TG mice. Conclusions: We conclude that KvLQT1-invalidated TG mice discriminates in vivo drugs that blocks IKr from drugs that block the transient outward current, the sodium current or the calcium current.
Germany finally revamps its medical training
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Objective</h3> Women living with HIV (WLHIV) face disproportionately higher risks of acquiring human papillomavirus (HPV) compared with HIV negative counterparts. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of HPV in WLHIV in Chinese hospital setting and identify associated factors to the progression of late-stage cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in this population. <h3>Method</h3> This retrospective study collected data from 183 WLHIV on antiretroviral treatment (ART), based on reproductive health questionnaires. Gynaecological examination results including serum (for HIV viral load, CD4 T-cell count, hepatitis B infections, syphilis) and vaginal swabs for common bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Multivariate-logistic regression was applied to analyze the contributing factors to CIN2+. <h3>Results</h3> HIV coinfection with other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) were observed in 99 participants (54.1%, (99/183)). HPV (43.7% (80/183)) was the most prevalent STI. The three most prevalent HPV subtypes were all high-risk HPV (HR-HPV), including HPV52 (33.8% (27/80)), HPV58 (21.3% (17/80)) and HPV33 (13.75% (11/80)). About a third (37.5%, 30/80) of women with HPV had HR-HPV. Multiple HPV coinfections were common in HIV-HPV coinfected women (41.3%, 33/80). Cytological examinations revealed that 77.5% (62/80) HPV+ women had detectable cervical lesions. In comparison, only 4.9% (5/103) HPV negative womenwith Atypia and 1.0% (1/103) with CIN1 were diagnosed. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that HPV16 (OR=19.04, 2.53 to 122.92; p=0.004) and HPV18 (OR=11.54, 1.45 to 91.64; p=0.021) infections were significantly associated with CIN2+ in HIV-HPV coinfected women. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A high prevalence of HPV was found in women on ART. HPV16/18 infection are strong associated factors to CIN2+ in HIV-HPV coinfected women.
Up-regulation of IL-1 receptor through PI3K/Akt is essential for the induction of iNOS gene expression in hepatocytes
Authors: Shigeru Teshima, Hideki Nakanishi, Mikio Nishizawa, Katsuhiko Kitagawa, Masaki Kaibori, Masanori Yamada, Kozo Habara, A-Hon Kwon, Yasuo Kamiyama, Seiji Ito, Tadayoshi Okumura
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Therapy of Gram Positive Bacteremias With Presentation of Four Cases
Authors: RICHARD R. BECKWITH, EDWIN M. GOYETTE, WM. S. SPICER, CHAS. D. GRABER
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Improvement of therapeutic results in bacteremias due to the "resistant" organisms, staphylococci and enterococci, can best be achieved by a critical analysis of current concepts and adherence to certain fundamental principals. Experience with four successfully treated cases of this group of gram positive bacteremias is presented and specific therapeutic recommendations are set forth.
Response to Comment on: Butler et al. A Critical Analysis of the Clinical Use of Incretin-Based Therapies: Are the GLP-1 Therapies Safe? Diabetes Care 2013;36:2118–2125
Authors: Edwin A.M. Gale
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

I, on behalf of Butler et al. (1), thank Bjerre Knudsen et al. (2) for their comments and accept their statement that liraglutide was not withdrawn before euthanasia of the monkeys. Nyborg et al. (3) reported routine pathological examination in the pancreas of young healthy members of three species. A single transverse section of the midpart of the pancreas was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined unblinded in routine fashion by a toxicological pathologist at a time when no concerns had been raised about the possibility of pancreatic effects. The monkeys were presumably young as no pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions were seen, implying that exposure to liraglutide was at an age equivalent to human childhood. The findings …
A Privileged Communications Statute for Massachusetts
Authors: Arthur Harris Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

IN an article that appeared earlier in the Journal, the legal issues of confidentiality and privileged communication were discussed.1 It was noted that in the states where such a privilege exists, it relates to in-court testimony by a physician about confidential communications that he has obtained in his professional relation with a patient. The patient is privileged in that his physician is precluded from testifying about such communications. Accordingly, the physician may refuse to answer any questions in that context unless the patient, who alone may do so, waives the privilege.Massachusetts has recently enacted its first privileged communications . . .
Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: William B. Weil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE controversy continues unabated over whether control of the diabetic state influences the onset and progression of the renal, retinal and other changes that are so often concomitants of the terminal phase of the life of diabetic patients. There is no satisfactory answer to this vital question. The majority of physicians accept a cause- and-effect relation in spite of studies that cast serious doubt on the interaction between control and complications1 , 2 and other reports that indicate the presence of vascular abnormalities at the onset of the clinical expression of the disturbed carbohydrate metabolism.3 4 5 We are left with three possibilities: control . . .