tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2910: Selenium nanoparticles suppress prostate LNCaP cancer cells growth through induced endogenous apoptosis
Authors: Xiaolin Bi, Ling Kong, Qing Yuan, Huari Zhu, Xueyun Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer has the highest incidence in all kinds of cancers in males.Recent reports suggest androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer development.The trace element Selenium is suggested having cancer prevention activity and used as food supplement. Here, we investigated inherent anticancer mechanisms of Selenium nanoparticles. We found Selenium nanoparticles inhibit growth of prostate LNCaP cancer cells partially through caspases mediated apoptosis. Selenium nanoparticles suppress transcriptional activity of androgen receptor via down-regulating its mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, Selenium nanoparticles activate Akt kinase by increasing its phosphorylation, promote Akt-dependent androgen receptor phosphorylation and Mdm2 regulated degradation through proteasome pathway. Together, we suggest Selenium nanoparticles suppress prostate cancer cells growth by disrupting androgen receptor, implicating a potential application in cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2910. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2910
Public Health Nurses
Authors: Emma G. Burt
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It has occurred to me very often that many physicians do not realize what real assistance local public health nurses could be to them in helping to solve such questions from physicians as: Where is the time and opportunity to find out what my patient really is doing at home—has he understood instructions and was the demonstration clear enough? Is his home as adequate as he says it is or should he have been kept in the hospital longer? What about some extra help with his nutrition problems and his special diet? Are homemaker services needed in his home and are these available? My patient seemed so uncertain. Where is the time to give him all of the reassurance and encouragement he needs? Why hasn't John Smith returned for his appointment? Is he going to another physician or is he neglecting himself? Why don't some of my
Dogs that bite.
Authors: P C Shewell, J D Nancarrow
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To study the circumstances of dog bites and identify risk factors.Postal questionnaire survey and case note review of victims of dog bites referred between 1982 and 1989.One referral based regional plastic surgery unit.146 consecutive patients referred for primary treatment of dog bites, for whom current addresses were available for 133, 107 (81%) of whom returned the questionnaire.The male to female ratio was 74:72; 79 (54%) patients were aged below 15 years. The commonest dogs producing bites were Staffordshire bull terriers (15 cases), Jack Russell terriers (13), medium sized mongrels (10), and Alsatians (nine). 82 of 96 (85%) dogs were male. 29 of 47 (62%) adults were bitten at home and 45 of 60 (75%) children at a friend's, neighbour's, or relative's house. 91 of 107 (85%) bites occurred in the dog's home. Bites occurred during playing with 13 (12%), petting 14 (13%), or waking 16 (15%) dogs. 45 (42%) bites were judged as unprovoked. 32 bites were identified as severe and 11 attacks as sustained.Most victims are bitten by male dogs which they either own or have had frequent contact with, and the bite occurs in the dog's home.
The foregoing comments were referred to Dr. Stone, and he has submitted the following reply
Authors: Robert E. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1963)

My statement concerns the manner and occasion, or the propriety, of the use of the term  by the doctor in his discussions with his patient. I feel strongly that the patient should be informed, but from the many inquiries we have had about cholesterol my impression is that many patients are more perplexed than enlightened on cholesterol by the doctor's discussions. Why this is I do not know. I can only surmise that the importance of the role of cholesterol is emphasized, but insufficient information is provided to enable the patient to understand its relationship to his condition or to follow the instructions intelligently.  Cholesterol to the patient is an intangible substance, and thus it may be difficult for some to grasp its significance. In many instances it would be better probably to focus the attention of the patient on some other feature of his condition with which he
TAT conjugated cationic noble metal nanoparticles for gene delivery to epidermal stem cells
Authors: Li-Hua Peng, Jie Niu, Chen-Zhen Zhang, Wei Yu, Jia-He Wu, Ying-Hui Shan, Xia-Rong Wang, You-Qing Shen, Zheng-Wei Mao, Wen-Quan Liang, Jian-Qing Gao
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
BROW PRESENTATION AS A CAUSE OF DIFFICULT LABOUR
Authors: J. G. Swayne
Journal: BMJ (1853)

explored, yet the number of plants discovered, including marine, scarcely xceeds six hundred species-a scantines which corresponds with that of the animal kingdom, of which, however, the deficiency is far more striking.The greater number of plants, too, both species and genera, are peculiar to the country; and, although lists of marine mam- mals, birds, reptiles, insects, fishes, shells recent and fossil, and annulose animals, have been furnished, as yet no ter- restrial mammal, except bats, has been found in these islands.The question, then, which arises, is this: Are the flora and fauna of New Zealand-so different to those of its anti- podes-to be viewed as the development of a southern re- gion, which is co-ordinate with an opposite state of the earth's magnetism to that of the northern ?and if so, will its effects, so far as they affect organization, prove con- geuial to the system of living beings deriving their origin within the polar influence of a northern hemisphere?Should this inquiry, aided by science and experience, re- ceive a favourable solution, there is no reason left to doubt the isogenetic character of the middle and south island of New Zealand, in reference to our zone, or that they will prove the most suitable home for the Anglo-Saxon that has yet been colonized by his race.
THE EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA AT CAMP SHERMAN, OHIO
Authors: ALFRED FRIEDLANDER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

At the time the prevailing epidemic of influenza was at its height in New England, numerous cases of coryza and bronchitis appeared at Camp Sherman. The picture was not characteristic of influenza, but the condition was so frequently noticed among the patients of the base hospital that isolation was instituted and special wards set aside for this purpose. The absence of the usual features of influenza led to considerable comment as to the justification of such a diagnosis. This uncertainty was abruptly and definitely terminated by the sudden appearance of large numbers of patients exhibiting characteristics of clinical influenza. Unlike the simple syndrome of the earlier cases, the new group was featured by sharper onset, prostration, aches and pains, and high temperature. By September 24 the transition had occurred, and this date marks the beginning of a definite epidemic of clinical influenza. At this time the population of the camp
Induction of tissue transglutaminase in human peripheral blood monocytes.
Authors: M P Murtaugh, W P Arend, P J Davies
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The levels and activity of tissue transglutaminase were studied in human peripheral blood monocytes during differentiation into macrophages in vitro. The enzyme was present at low levels in freshly isolated monocytes (less than 20 ng/mg cell protein) but increased 50-fold during 10 d of adherent culture in autologous serum, reaching levels of 0.1% of total cellular protein. The rate of appearance of tissue transglutaminase in monocytes was accelerated by low levels of lipopolysaccharide. The half-life of disappearance of transglutaminase from human monocytes was 11 and 7 h in 2-d-old and 10-d-old cells, respectively. Treatment of 1-day-old monocytes with actinomycin D for 24 h blocked the increase in transglutaminase levels. These results indicated that the induction of gene transcription and protein synthesis was responsible for the increased transglutaminase levels and activity observed with cultured human monocytes. The induction of tissue transglutaminase may be a component in the in vivo differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages.
The Authoritarian Specter
Authors: Thomas H. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Claims Examiner</h3> Decisional Review has firmly bounced a case I've done, returning it to me to do more work. I'm charged a major error— enough of these and my job's in jeopardy. The claimant's been denied six times before for his sore knees. I find he's mentally ill and grant him benefits back several years. They want his starting date back further still. I'm stuck and feel like the lanced pig Earl drew on his DR return for a misspelling. His comical depiction shook DR, though Earl's intent was just to keep from yelling. I take my lumps, not wanting to provoke a prolonged searchlight on a future case, as an escapee scaling the wall must fear the field below will have no hiding place. Developing the claimant's onset date for disability twelve years ago, I'll call three clinics where he might have gone, then his ex-wife, who certainly would
Mortality in young people admitted to hospital for diabetes: database study
Authors: Stephen E Roberts, Michael J Goldacre, H Andrew W Neil
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> Investigation is scare on job satisfaction among general practitioners (GPs) in China. This study aimed to investigate job satisfaction of GPs in China and explore its determinants. <h3>Methods:</h3> A multistage-stratified random sampling method was used to collect data with a structured self-administered questionnaire from 3236 GPs (response rate, 99.8%) working in community health institutions in China between October 2017 and February 2018. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the associated factors with job satisfaction among GPs. <h3>Results:</h3> Among these respondents, 1215 (37.5%), 352 (10.9%), and 1669 (51.6%) GPs were dissatisfied, moderate, and satisfied for their current job, respectively. Male GPs, a higher education level, at a higher professional title, at a lower level of income, and those with heavy work stress had a lower job satisfaction. In addition, GPs who often worked overtime, who were at a higher level of emotional exhaustion, at a higher level of depersonalization, at a lower level of personal accomplishment, and who had less occupational development opportunities reported a lower level of job satisfaction. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> These findings suggest that job satisfaction among Chinese GPs is at a moderate level. Region, sex, professional title, education level, working overtime, income level, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, work stress, and occupational development opportunities were significant predictors of job satisfaction.
Hospice Approach to the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
Authors: Ladislav Volicer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A program that limits the extent of medical treatment in patients with advanced dementia of the Alzheimer type was initiated on an intermediate medical ward. Five levels of care were designed to define options that stress maintenance of patient comfort without striving for a maximal period of survival (hospice approach). An optimal care level for each patient recommended by the staff correlated highly with the severity of dementia, but care levels assigned during meetings of family members with the multidisciplinary team for 40 patients correlated poorly with the staff recommendations and the severity of dementia. Intensive nursing care and comfort measures, which included antipyretics, analgesics, and (if necessary) oxygen and anticholinergics, were provided during the terminal phase. Preliminary results indicate that the mortality did not increase significantly during the first year of this program, although the extent of medical care was limited in all patients, and 62% were not treated with antibiotics if they developed symptoms of pneumonia or urinary tract infection. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2210-2213)
Raloxifene, Retinoids, and Lavender: "Me Too" Tamoxifen Alternatives Under Study
Authors: J. Ziegler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

News News sphingomyelin to ceramide, and a third appears to be mediated by CD95, independent of p53."The pathways probably merge, and the point at which they merge is of great interest," said Harris.Merging pathways raise the possibility of combination therapy using ionizing radiation, cisplatin, or doxorubicin to activate p53, and something else to mobilize the CD95 pathway."The combination might be additive or synergistic," said Harris.
Is There an Ethical Obligation to Disclose Controversial Risk? A Question From the ACCORD Trial
Authors: Joseph P. DeMarco, Paul J. Ford, Dana J. Patton, Douglas O. Stewart
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Researchers designing a clinical trial may be aware of disputed evidence of serious risks from previous studies. These researchers must decide whether and how to describe these risks in their model informed consent document. They have an ethical obligation to provide fully informed consent, but does this obligation include notice of controversial evidence? With ACCORD as an example, we describe a framework and criteria that make clear the conditions requiring inclusion of important controversial risks. The ACCORD model consent document did not include notice of prior trials with excess death. We develop and explain a new standard labeled risk in equipoise. We argue that our approach provides an optimal level of integrity to protect the informational needs of the reasonable volunteers who agree to participate in clinical trials. We suggest language to be used in a model consent document and the informed consent discussion when such controversial evidence exists.
<i>APOE</i> Polymorphism and the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Japanese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shin-ichi Araki, Daisuke Koya, Tetsuya Makiishi, Toshiro Sugimoto, Motohide Isono, Ryuichi Kikkawa, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Masakazu Haneda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study is to clarify the conflicting results of the ε2/ε3/ε4 APOE polymorphism as a risk factor on diabetic nephropathy by a cohort study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 429 Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes and with normoalbuminuria (n = 299) or with microalbuminuria (n = 130) were enrolled in a prospective observational follow-up study during 1995–1998 and followed until 2001 (for at least 3 years). The endpoint was the occurrence of a renal event defined as the progression to a higher stage of diabetic nephropathy. RESULTS—During the study (the mean follow-up period: 4.4 ± 1.0 years), 31 of 429 subjects progressed: 21 from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria and 10 from microalbuminuria to overt proteinuria. The allele frequency of the APOE polymorphism was significantly different between the progressors and the nonprogressors. Eight of 42 ε2 carriers (19%) progressed, whereas 23 of 387 noncarriers (6%) progressed with a relative risk of 3.2 (95% CI 1.5–6.7). When subjects were stratified by renal status at baseline, each relative risk for the progression in the ε2 carriers was 2.7 (0.99–7.4) in those with normoalbuminuria and 4.2 (1.3–13.3) in those with microalbuminuria. Furthermore, when analyzed only in subjects with normoalbuminuria and short duration of diabetes (&amp;lt;15 years) at baseline, the risk in the ε2 carriers became higher to 3.2 (1.2–8.8). CONCLUSIONS—Our follow-up study indicates that the ε2 allele of the APOE polymorphism is a prognostic risk factor for both the onset and the progression of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetes.
OC-097 The novel gastrin/CCK2 receptor antagonist YF476 induces clinical responses and is well tolerated in patients with type I gastric neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: A R Moore, L Ball, M Boyce, A Varro, D M Pritchard
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis causes loss of gastric parietal cells and results in achlorhydria, increased antral gastrin production and hypergastrinaemia. In some patients this hypergastrinaemia induces hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells and leads to type I gastric neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumour (NET) development. Most type I gastric NETs behave in an indolent fashion, but a small proportion (&lt;1%) grow more rapidly and metastasise. Surgical antrectomy has been shown to lead to resolution of hypergastrinaemia and regression of tumours in some patients. We therefore hypothesised that pharmacological inhibition of the gastrin/CCK-2 receptor using the novel orally bioavailable competitive antagonist YF476 would also lead to clinical regression of type I gastric NETs. The aims of this study were to assess (1) whether YF476 is an effective medical treatment for type I gastric neuroendocrine tumours; (2) the safety and tolerability of YF476 treatment and (3) the effects of YF476 on biomarkers of ECL cell activity. <h3>Methods</h3> Following ethical committee and MHRA approval, six patients with small type I NETs secondary to autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis and hypergastrinaemia have received a 12-week course of 50 mg/day YF476. Clinical responses were monitored by six weekly upper GI endoscopy with biopsy and three weekly measurement of fasting serum gastrin and chromogranin A (CgA) concentrations. Drug tolerability has been assessed by monitoring clinical adverse events and by assessing haematological, renal and hepatic blood parameters. <h3>Results</h3> In all six patients the number and size of NETs decreased following 12 weeks of therapy (mean reduction in size of largest tumour = 39%, mean reduction in tumour number = 40%). However no patient showed complete tumour regression after 12 weeks9 therapy. Serum CgA concentrations decreased in all subjects while receiving YF476, but increased to pre-treatment levels in the three subjects in whom measurements have to date been performed 12 weeks after completing therapy. Fasting serum gastrin concentrations did not significantly change while patients received YF476. YF476 was well tolerated in all patients; no serious adverse effects were reported and there was no evidence of haematological, renal or hepatic toxicity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> YF476 is a promising new medical treatment for type I gastric neuroendocrine tumours. It appears to be well tolerated with no observed toxicity. Further trials of YF476 involving more prolonged treatment regimes are therefore warranted in this condition. <h3>Competing interests</h3> A Moore grant/research support from: Trio Medicines Ltd., L Ball: None declared, M Boyce: None declared, A Varro: None declared, D Pritchard: None declared.
Increased expression of the WNT antagonist sFRP-1 in glaucoma elevates intraocular pressure
Authors: Wan-Heng Wang, Loretta G. McNatt, Iok-Hou Pang, J. Cameron Millar, Peggy E. Hellberg, Mark H. Hellberg, H. Thomas Steely, Jeffrey S. Rubin, John H. Fingert, Val C. Sheffield, Edwin M. Stone, Abbot F. Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the principal risk factor for glaucoma and results from excessive impedance of the fluid outflow from the eye. This abnormality likely originates from outflow pathway tissues such as the trabecular meshwork (TM), but the associated molecular etiology is poorly understood. We discovered what we believe to be a novel role for secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (sFRP-1), an antagonist of Wnt signaling, in regulating IOP. sFRP1 was overexpressed in human glaucomatous TM cells. Genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway were expressed in cultured TM cells and human TM tissues. Addition of recombinant sFRP-1 to ex vivo perfusion-cultured human eyes decreased outflow facility, concomitant with reduced levels of β-catenin, the Wnt signaling mediator, in the TM. Intravitreal injection of an adenoviral vector encoding sFRP1 in mice produced a titer-dependent increase in IOP. Five days after vector injection, IOP increased 2 fold, which was significantly reduced by topical ocular administration of an inhibitor of a downstream suppressor of Wnt signaling. Thus, these data indicate that increased expression of sFRP1 in the TM appears to be responsible for elevated IOP in glaucoma and restoring Wnt signaling in the TM may be a novel disease intervention strategy for treating glaucoma.
Hearing Aids in Glue Ear
Authors: J. Keohane
Journal: BMJ (1970)

the interest of the child, notify the school authorities as soon as the condition is discovered."Are parents and children entitled to no privacy in an increasingly bureaucratic welfare state?Dr. S. D. V. Weller (11 January, 1969, p. 117) gave a frightening example of how information of a purely tentative kind, recorded in school medical records, could be seriously damaging to career finding many years afterwards.While community meas- ures are necessary to help many of those who suffer from chronic epilepsy, it is equally important that those who are going to recover or to improve to such a degree as to be able to perform work and maintain themselves adequately should be protected so far as possible from publicity, which could have an adverse effect on their ability to secure positions which are within their competence.-Iam, etc., D. T. MACLAY.
Sphingosine kinase type 2 is essential for lymphopenia induced by the immunomodulatory drug FTY720
Authors: Barbara Zemann, Bernd Kinzel, Matthias Müller, Roland Reuschel, Diana Mechtcheriakova, Nicole Urtz, Frédéric Bornancin, Thomas Baumruker, Andreas Billich
Journal: Blood (2005)
Hypersensitivity of Laryngeal C-Fibers Induced by Volatile Anesthetics in Young Guinea Pigs
Authors: Tatsushi Mutoh, Hirokazu Tsubone
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Inhalation induction of anesthesia with a single volatile anesthetic is commonly used in children but is sometimes associated with increased cough, secretion, and airway obstruction, which may result in part from stimulation of laryngeal C-fibers. We examined the effects of two popular volatile anesthetics, halothane and sevoflurane, on laryngeal C-fiber responsiveness in urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs (from age 4-5 weeks). After administration of halothane or sevoflurane to the functionally isolated upper airway, laryngeal C-fiber afferents recorded from the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and identified by a conduction velocity of less than 2.0 m/second were tested for responsiveness to chemical and mechanical stimuli. Halothane doubled C-fiber responsiveness to capsaicin injected into the left atrium or nebulized to the larynx and to laryngeal hyperinflation, compared with sevoflurane, but it had no effect on baseline activity. The data indicate that, compared with sevoflurane, halothane more markedly enhances laryngeal C-fiber sensitivity to chemical and mechanical stimuli in young guinea pigs, which would explain the greater number of respiratory-related complications in children during induction of anesthesia with this agent.
A time-driven activity-based costing model to improve health-care resource use in Mirebalais, Haiti
Authors: Morgan Mandigo, Kathleen O'Neill, Bipin Mistry, Bryan Mundy, Christophe Millien, Yolande Nazaire, Ruth Damuse, Claire Pierre, Jean Claude Mugunga, Rowan Gillies, Franciscka Lucien, Karla Bertrand, Eva Luo, Ainhoa Costas, Sarah L M Greenberg, John G Meara, Robert Kaplan
Journal: The Lancet (2015)