tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Confidence intervals should be used in reporting trials
Authors: M. Bland
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editor—The dispute between Barber and Thompson,1 who are advocating a t test, and Williams, Cohen, and Russell, who are advocating a Mann-Whitney U test,2 has its roots in the use of P values rather than confidence intervals. If Williams et al had reported their results as a confidence interval for the difference in mean cost, as recommended for the results of clinical trials published in the BMJ, the question would not have arisen. The sample size is surely large enough for the large sample Normal comparison, which does not require data to follow a normal approximation and to which the t method approximates, to be valid, even with such highly skewed data. This gives a confidence interval for the difference in cost of secondary treatment (routine minus open access) equal to –£180 to +£238, the point estimate being £29, and the same P value as the t test.
Effectiveness of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Combination Delivered via the Diskus Device in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Donald A. Mahler, Patrick Wire, Donald Horstman, Chai-Ni Chang, Julie Yates, Tracy Fischer, Tushar Shah
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

This randomized controlled trial examined the benefits of combining an inhaled corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (F), with an inhaled long-acting beta(2)-agonist, salmeterol (S), to treat the inflammatory and bronchoconstrictive components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 691 patients with COPD received the combination of F and S (FSC), S (50 mcg), F (500 mcg), or placebo twice daily via the Diskus device for 24 weeks. A significantly greater increase in predose FEV(1) at the endpoint was observed after FSC (156 ml) compared with S (107 ml, p = 0.012) and placebo (-4 ml, p < 0.0001). A significantly greater increase in 2-hour postdose FEV(1) at the endpoint was observed after treatment with FSC (261 ml) compared with F (138 ml, p < 0.001) and placebo (28 ml, p < 0.001). There were greater improvements in the Transition Dyspnea Index with FSC (2.1) compared with F (1.3, p = 0.033), S (0.9, p < 0.001), and placebo (0.4, p < 0.0001). The incidence of adverse effects (except for an increase in oral candidiasis with FSC and F) was similar among the treatment groups. We conclude that FSC improved lung function and reduced the severity of dyspnea compared with individual components and placebo.
Sleep disturbances in allergic diseases
Authors: I. Baiardini, F. Braido, S. Cauglia, G. W. Canonica
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Sleep is fundamental for physical and mental health as well as daytime performance and represents a crucial aspect in the personal representations of well‐being. Sleep disturbances in patients with chronic disorders constitute a factor that contributes to exacerbate symptoms, complicate management, and affect mood and quality of life (QoL). Allergic diseases are a global health problem of increasing prevalence that affects up to 15% of the population in Western countries. Sleep problems associated with allergic diseases may play a role in worsening the burden of illness, contributing to impairment of the QoL. The aim of this review was to describe the most common causes leading to sleep disturbance in allergic patients and their consequences on the QoL. The possible negative effects of treatment on sleep parameters has been also considered.
Relief of Intention Tremor of Multiple Sclerosis by Thalamic Surgery
Authors: Irving S. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The relief of postural and intention tremor of multiple sclerosis can be accomplished by infliction of a surgical lesion in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. The development of postural or intention tremor in such cases is secondary to a lesion of the cerebellodentato thalamic pathway, which results in impaired feedback of sensory communication from muscle spindles via cerebellum to the thalamus. A surgical lesion within ventrolateral thalamus abolishes communication of pathologic sensory information to the motor cortex, and thus relieves the tremor. In a series of 32 cases of intention tremor due to multiple sclerosis, the patients were subjected to thalamic surgery and followed up for one to ten years. The tremor was abolished or markedly lessened in 85% (27 of 32) of the patients in this series. There was one postoperative death; there are two patients with preexisting spastic hemiparesis who had worsening of spasticity following surgery. It is concluded that thalamic surgery is the treatment of choice of chronic or progressive intention tremor of multiple sclerosis.
Inadvertent Hypothermia And Anesthesia
Authors: E. Montero
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The timely publication of ANESTHESIA PROBLEM OF the month is certainly filling a long-felt void. Doctors Warner and Hamilton should be congratulated for their contribution. Monitoring of the temperature in infants and children is emphasized in academic anesthesia circles. This is of paramount importance. Monitoring of the temperature to avoid the development of "inadvertent hypothermia" is equally important, in my experience, in the aged. Many unexplained intraoperative and postoperative complications occur during orthopedic and other procedures carried out in such a group of patients. I would also like to call attention to the fact that when body cavities are extensively washed with solutions of lower than body temperature, "inadvertent hypothermia" may occur. I have reference particularly to transurethral resection of the prostrate.
THE PHYSICIAN AS A SCIENTIST.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The sentiment to which I have been invited to respond on this pleasant occasion is a timely and important one. My friend and colleague, Professor Fenger, who is our honored guest this evening, has reached his sixtieth birthday, and we are assembled around this festive board to tender our congratulations and to wish him many years of usefulness in the interests of our profession and humanity. It is an easy matter to eulogize the dead, it must be a source of great and lasting satisfaction to receive the recognition and encomiums from competing colleagues during the prime of life, as in the case of our guest. Professor Fenger needs no introduction. His name and fame are known wherever modern surgery is practiced. Although a general surgeon, the sentiment "The Physician as a Scientist," applies to him as he is a physician in the broadest sense of the word, and his
Drugs in Depressive Illness
Authors: P. Armitage
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BIUTISHinserted it slightly crookedly so that its mouth was directly adjacent to the mouth of the outlet (Fig 2).This led to air being drawn into the set.Approximately 25 ml. of air alternated with 25 ml. of fluid in the tubing of the set, and when the drip chamber was filled it emptied again within six seconds.We later found that this situa- tion can also occur if the force required to insert the air inlet into the bottle pushes the shaft of the needle back into its plastic holding.We have mentioned this complication, which can occur with some of the other Baxter sets, to the manufacturers.They point out that if the directions for use are correctly followed air should not be drawn into any drip set.Nevertheless, they have agreed to modify the sets to make such events impossible.-Weare, etc.,
Active interstitial remodeling: an important process in the hibernating human myocardium
Authors: Nikolaos G Frangogiannis, Sarah Shimoni, SuMin Chang, Guofeng Ren, Oliver Dewald, Christine Gersch, Kesavan Shan, Constandina Aggeli, Michael Reardon, George V Letsou, Rafael Espada, Mahesh Ramchandani, Mark L Entman, William A Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Interferon-lambda polymorphisms and hepatitis C virus clearance revisited
Authors: Joachim Lupberger, Daniel J. Felmlee, Thomas F. Baumert
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. We performed RNA sequencing in primary human hepatocytes activated with synthetic double-stranded RNA to mimic HCV infection. Upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) on chromosome 19q13.13, we discovered a new transiently induced region that harbors a dinucleotide variant ss469415590 (TT or δG), which is in high linkage disequilibrium with rs12979860, a genetic marker strongly associated with HCV clearance. ss469415590[δG] is a frameshift variant that creates a novel gene, designated IFNL4, encoding the interferon-λ4 protein (IFNL4), which is moderately similar to IFNL3. Compared to rs12979860, ss469415590 is more strongly associated with HCV clearance in individuals of African ancestry, although it provides comparable information in Europeans and Asians. Transient overexpression of IFNL4 in a hepatoma cell line induced STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes. Our findings provide new insights into the genetic regulation of HCV clearance and its clinical management.
Comparison of Insulin Levels After Injection by Jet Stream and Disposable Insulin Syringe
Authors: J I Malone, S Lowitt, N P Grove, S C Shah
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Intermediate-acting biosynthetic human (NPH) insulin was administered by disposable insulin syringe into the right upper thigh of nine insulin-dependent diabetic youths. Seven days later, the same amount and type of NPH insulin was given in the same anatomic site with a Medi-Jector II, which delivers insulin as a jet stream. Blood was collected before insulin injection and at hourly intervals subsequently for the measurement of glucose and insulin. The total serum insulin measured before the first morning dose with the needle and syringe and the Medi-Jector II was 41.2 +/- 10.7 microU/ml and 46.2 +/- 10.7 microU/ml, respectively. During the next 9 h, the areas under the respective total insulin curves were not different, but the area under the free-insulin curve after jet injection was greater than the free-insulin area after needle injection (P less than .01). The ratio of free/total serum insulin was 0.31 +/- 0.02 after needle injection and 0.40 +/- 0.03 after jet injection (P less than .0025). The peak of total insulin concentration occurred 4.2 h after jet injection of NPH: 1 h earlier than the peak after needle injection. The plasma glucose at time zero was 197 +/- 15 mg/dl before needle injection and 242 +/- 19 mg/dl before jet injection. Although the diet consumed by each subject on the 2nd study day was identical to that of the 1st day, the mean glucose increase was greater after needle-injected insulin than after jet-spray injection. This indicates that the greater amount of free insulin observed after jet-injected insulin had a direct effect in lowering the plasma glucose. Jet injection may reduce insulin requirements by increasing the availability of free insulin.
Psychiatric Treatment for Alopecia Totalis
Authors: Sadie H. Zaidens
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To  Editor:—  In QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (200:188, 1967) Dr. Howard T. Behrman presented a comprehensive answer to  question on  medical  (also advising psychiatric investigation) of alopecia totalis, concluding that the most effective therapeutic modality at this time consists in  employment of a suitable transformation (ie, a wig). Because alopecia totalis occurs most often in men, this treatment is not entirely effective since  loss of eyelashes and eyebrows present additional problems, particularly to people who work and must function in  business and social world. Also  embarrassment concerning  lack of axillary, pubic, and chest hairs diminishes a man's selfesteem as a masculine figure.  Early and thorough psychiatric  by a trained psychiatrist is very much in order since most recalcitrant cases are triggered and perpetuated by emotional causes. There often is a history of preceding episodes of alopecia areata ( also of emotional
34. Transposon-Based Gene Therapy of Hemophilia A Targeting Endothelial Cells in Neonates
Authors: Li Liu, Bradley S. Fletcher
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Hemophilia A is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by the absence of functional coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Gene therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of FVIII deficiency, as only small amounts of protein are needed to phenotypically correct the disorder. Obstacles to non-viral gene therapy of hemophilia A include the lack of prolonged expression and immune responses to the FVIII transgene in the form of neutralizing inhibitory antibodies. In an effort to overcome these obstacles we have utilized the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system to facilitate gene insertion and promote long-term expression. To reduce the likelihood of generating inhibitory antibodies, gene therapy was conducted in neonatal mice, which are more likely to be tolerant of foreign protein expression. While FVIII is thought to be primarily synthesized in the liver, endothelial cells may also be a source for FVIII production. Here we targeted transgene expression to endothelial cells within the lung by a combination of gene delivery approach and a transposon that harbors an endothelial cell specific promoter (Liu et al., (2004) Mol. Ther. 10(1):97-105). Two groups of FVIII deficient mice (n=7) were treated with a transposon plasmid expressing FVIII (pMSZ-FVIII) and an expression plasmid encoding either a defective SB transposase (mutant), or a hyperactive transposase (HSB|[num]|17) (2:1 molar ratio). A total of 5 |[igrave]|g of plasmid DNA was complexed with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and injected via the superficial temporal vein in one-day-old mice (total volume 30 |[mu]|l). Chromogenic FVIII activity assays (Coatest) revealed |[sim]|80% of normal activity at day +3 after injection. Immunohistochemical studies at day +3 showed FVIII immunoreactivity in blood vessels within the lung and scattered throughout the liver. FVIII activity assays and Bethesda titers were monitored over the ensuing 6 months. The activity of FVIII in mice that received the hyperactive SB transposase reached a plateau of approximately 10% by 8 weeks and remained stable thereafter. The FVIII activity in mice receiving the mutant transposase fell to around 2|[ndash]|4%. Bethesda titers for both groups ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 BU, with the higher titers within the hyperactive transposase group. Immunohistochemistry at 24 weeks showed the presence of FVIII protein within endothelial cells of the lung, while there was no detectable immunoreactive protein within the liver. Phenotypic correction of the bleeding disorder was confirmed by tail bleeding times, which were significantly reduced in the gene therapy treated animals. These results suggest that endothelial cell targeting of transposon-based gene therapy can result in long-term correction of the bleeding disorder in hemophilia A.
The Problems of Group Psychotherapy for Psychosomatic Patients
Authors: J.P. Roberts
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1977)

Research Articles| February 16 2010 The Problems of Group Psychotherapy for Psychosomatic Patients Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology J.P. Roberts J.P. Roberts Hornchurch, Essex Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1977) 28 (1-4): 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1159/000287076 Article history Published Online: February 16 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J.P. Roberts; The Problems of Group Psychotherapy for Psychosomatic Patients. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1977; 28 (1-4): 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1159/000287076 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1977Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Physicians' Prescribing Habits
Authors: Charles J. Nithman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

On July 30, 1965, the Social Security amendments of 1965 were signed into law. However, the benefits of this legislation were not to be initiated until July 1, 1966. This bill is popularly known as Medicare and its companion as Medicaid. The advent of Medicare removed any economic barriers that existed in regard to the Physicians' prescribing habits for hospitalized patients 65 years old or older. This is true in the institutional setting, since in this case, the cost of all drugs is paid for by the government. Since the advent of Medicare, Medicaid, and other third-party payments, physicians have been increasingly criticized as being materialistic individuals more concerned with income than services to the patient.<sup>1</sup>They have been accused of overprescribing or irrational prescribing or both, and accusations sometimes cite them in regard to prescribing substandard medications for public assistance patients because they are welfare patients. If physicians
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, Blood Pressure, and Renal Perfusion in Elderly Subjects
Authors: Jan T. Kielstein, Stefanie M. Bode-Böger, Jürgen C. Frölich, Eberhard Ritz, Hermann Haller, Danilo Fliser
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO) is thought to contribute to the age-associated increase of renovascular tone and blood pressure. We assessed blood concentrations of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as well as renal hemodynamics, comparing young (n=24, 13 men, 25+/-1 years) and elderly (n=24, 13 men, 69+/-2 years) healthy subjects and elderly subjects with essential hypertension (n=24, 13 men, 70+/-2 years).Plasma ADMA concentration and renovascular resistance (RVR) were significantly higher (P<0.05) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) significantly lower (P<0.05) in elderly (2.77+/-0.20 micromol/L, 125+/-10 mm Hg/mL per minute, 487+/-26 mL/min per 1.73 m2) than in young healthy subjects (1.30+/-0.11, 77+/-3, 654+/-18). Both ADMA levels and RVR were higher and ERPF lower in the hypertensive elderly subjects (3.53+/-0.23, 163+/-11, 427+/-19; P<0.05 versus both groups). In contrast, plasma concentrations of the biologically inactive stereoisomer symmetric dimethylarginine, l-arginine, and homocysteine were similar in the 3 groups studied. In the logistic regression analysis only ADMA was an independent determinant of both ERPF (P<0.001; r2=0.80) and RVR (P<0.002; r2=0.86). In addition, ADMA (P<0.002) and serum glucose (P<0.036) were independently related (r2=0.67) to the level of blood pressure.These results are compatible with the notion that accumulation of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor ADMA in senescent individuals is involved in the decrease of renal perfusion and increase of blood pressure.
Family Practice Education-Reply
Authors: Jacob F. Palomaki
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Durmon has proposed yet another solution to "the problem of family practice education." However, his recommendation that "specialty education might be adequately and congruently obtained" by means of consultation alone seems to be neither feasible nor acceptable. Many programs currently intersperse the family practice curriculum with specialty rotations during the first year to promote the mental transition to family practice that Dr Durmon advocates. His suggestion that elimination of formal, specialty-oriented training will result in the creation of a group of self-reliant, confident family physicians is not supported by those faculty members in other specialties who teach and supervise family practice residents. Perhaps it is time for the specialty of family practice to declare what role it wishes its training program graduates to assume in the medical system. If the goal is the provision of cross-specialty general care to the family unit, then I maintain that study
ABC of alcohol. Definitions.
Authors: A Paton, J B Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Confused thinking about alcohol abuse arises from (a) disagreement over the definition of alcoholism, (b) different ways of expressing alcohol consumption, and (c) lack of awareness, among doctors and others, of the hazards associated with excessive drinking.The purpose of these eight articles is to provide background information and practical guidelines for those who are not directly concerned with alcoholism, so that they may become more sensitive to an increasingly common social phenomenon and can take action at an early stage. No single diseaseThe term "alcoholism" is unsatisfactory because it implies a single disease.There are many different types of alcohol abuse, and a whole range of physical, psychological, and social problems is associated with excessive drinking.The term will be used here as a convenient shorthand to indicate repeated consumption of alcohol leading to dependence, physical disease, or other types of harm.In any one individual these are not necessarily directly related to the quantity of alcohol drunk, since such factors as constitution, social background, occupation, pattern of drinking, and dietary habits contribute to individual susceptibility.d 1'.
Cefazolin plus netilmicin versus cefazolin plus ceftazidime for treating CAPD peritonitis: Effect on residual renal function
Authors: Sing Leung Lui, Suk Wai Cheng, Flora Ng, Suk Yi Ng, Kit Mui Wan, Terence Yip, Kai Chung Tse, Man Fai Lam, Kar Neng Lai, Wai Kei Lo
Journal: Kidney International (2005)