tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rise and demise of the hospital: Managing hospital inpatient care
Authors: Graham Neale, Sisse Olsen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The nursing profession's coming of age The end of medicine as a professionEditor-Young describes the coming of age of the nursing profession. 1 All professions and occupations are human creations and therefore are subject to change.With the widening of roles of many professions, it becomes harder to define what a doctor can do that can't be done by an appropriately trained member of another profession.Perhaps major surgery and certifying cause of death are all that remains.With the increasing difficulty of getting junior doctors to do anything that may be regarded as work (rather than education) we doctors may be engineering the abolition of our profession, and we may move from distinct professions to practitioners from varied backgrounds being trained for a particular function.
Viral Antibody Levels and Clinical Status in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis: a Controlled Prospective Study
Authors: A. C. Stenhouse
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A controlled prospective study was made of a group of patients with chronic bronchitis, in which serum antibodies against a group of viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were estimated at regular intervals. Sixteen significant rises in antibody titre were shown, of which eight were associated with clinical acute exacerbations of bronchitis. In individual patients no correlation was found between the number of acute exacerbations or the aetiological agent and persistent change in ventilatory function as expressed by the F.E.V.(0.75).This study was compared with the results of a previous parallel investigation of the same patients done to study the significance of rhinovirus infections. In the present investigation 12% of the acute exacerbations were associated with the 11 agents tested compared with 14% associated with rhinoviruses in the earlier work.
Commencement, College of Medicine
Authors: Stephen Harvey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Ad Libitum18 March 2014Commencement, College of MedicineStephen Harvey, MDStephen Harvey, MDFrom Nashville, Tennessee.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M13-2125 Audio Reading - “Commencement, College of Medicine” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Commencement, College of Medicine," by S. Harvey. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Even now, father, fifty years removedfrom the poverty so deep you cannot bearto speak of it, you feel the needto look over your shoulder in a crowdof green-tasseled caps and velvet-sashed gownsas you confide that your white dress shirtset you back four dollars at the thrift store.It's mine if I want it, you tell me,and you mean it; I know how pleasedyou would be to give me even this,the shirt off your back, teaching me againa truth you had to learn the hard way:when in need,ask someone with nothing to spare.Stephen Harvey, MDNashville, Tennessee Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Nashville, Tennessee.Current Author Address: Stephen Harvey, MD; e-mail, stephen.t.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Commencement, College of Medicine” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Commencement, College of Medicine," by S. Harvey. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 March 2014Volume 160, Issue 6Page: 388KeywordsShoulders ePublished: 18 March 2014 Issue Published: 18 March 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor in human colon cancer cell lines by interferon 
Authors: J-L Yang
Journal: Gut (2003)

The biology of growth factor receptor expression has implications for receptor specific cancer therapy. In this study, we examined: (a) regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in a panel of 10 human colon cancer cell lines using interferon alpha (IFN-alpha); (b) ability of IFN-alpha to inhibit cell proliferation; and (c) sensitivity of IFN-alpha pretreated cells to EGF.Cell proliferation was measured both by crystal violet colorimetric and clonogenic assays. Cell surface, intracellular, and/or total cell protein expression of EGFR was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence flow cytometry and/or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-EGF binding and internalisation flow cytometric assay.IFN-alpha treatment upregulated expression of cell surface EGFR in seven of 10 colon cancer cell lines within 16 hours, reaching a peak within 48-96 hours; this was accompanied by transient elevation of intracellular EGFR and marked growth inhibition. IFN-alpha treated cancer cells were still sensitive to EGF proliferative stimulation.Our results indicate that cytostatic concentrations of IFN-alpha can enhance cell surface and intracellular EGFR expression in a proportion of human colon cancer cells. The antiproliferative action of IFN-alpha could not block the signal transduction of the EGF-EGFR pathway. This may have clinical implications for improving treatment based on targeting of EGFR.
V1/V2 Vasopressin receptor antagonism potentiates the renoprotection of renin–angiotensin system inhibition in rats with renal mass reduction
Authors: Norberto Perico, Carla Zoja, Daniela Corna, Daniela Rottoli, Flavio Gaspari, Lloyd Haskell, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Hyperbaric Oxygen for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Kent R. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The recent report by Myers et al (1981;246:2478) on the value of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for carbon monoxide poisoning deserves some comment.  The authors' case reports are impressive, and it does appear that hyperbaric oxygen therapy can shorten the length of coma after carbon monoxide poisoning, even when carboxyhemoglobin levels have already returned to normal. Whether this is due to residual carbon monoxide in the tissues or simply the result of cerebral hypoxia remains unclear. The contribution of direct cellular toxicity of carbon monoxide has not been well established. Animals whose blood was completely replaced by an oxygen-carrying perfluoro chemical emulsion remained asymptomatic indefinitely in a 90% oxygen and 10% carbon monoxide environment, while controls breathing a 95% oxygen and 5% carbon monoxide mixture died within five to ten minutes.1,2  More importantly, the implication that hyperbaric oxygen therapy will prevent long-term neurological sequelae is certainly not
Clinical Appraisal of a New Adrenergic Blocking Agent: Effect of Regitine on Digital Blood Flow in Normal Subjects and Patients with Peripheral Arterial Diseases
Authors: CHARLES W. CLARKE, DAVID RANDALL HAYS, THEODORE B. VAN ITALLIE, IRENE M. THOMPSON
Journal: Circulation (1953)

By means of venous occlusion digital plethysmography, the authors have evaluated the peripheral vasodilating effect on normal and diseased arterioles of a new adrenergic blocking agent, Regitine, 2-[-( m -Hydroxy-N- p -tolylanilino)-methyl]-2-imidazoline. Results have been compared with the results of similar studies using Priscoline and indirect body heating to produce vasodilation. The effect of palrenteral Regitine on pulse and blood pressure has been noted as well as the clinical results obtained when this drug was used orally for the treatment of certain forms of peripheral vascular disease.
Generalisation and extrapolation of study results
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> People with severe mental illness have a higher risk than others of some physical diseases. The risk of pneumococcal disease in people with mental disorders is unknown. This is potentially important because vaccines against the pneumococcus are available. <h3>Methods</h3> We used two datasets of linked hospital admission and death records, the Oxford Record Linkage Study and all-England linked Hospital Episode Statistics, to estimate the risk of lobar pneumonia and other pneumococcal disease (here, all collectively termed pneumococcal disease) in people hospitalised with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression or anxiety. We compared rates of pneumococcal disease in each cohort with rates in a comparison cohort of people without a record of hospitalisation for these psychiatric disorders. <h3>Findings</h3> The risk of pneumococcal disease in each psychiatric group was significantly high in both datasets. In the English national dataset (spanning 1999–2011), the risk of pneumococcal disease in people hospitalised with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression or anxiety was, respectively, 2.3 (95% CI 2.2 to 2.4), 2.3 (2.2 to 2.3), 2.1 (2.0 to 2.1) and 2.2 (2.1 to 2.2). The risk remained high for years after discharge, suggesting an association with the psychiatric disorder rather than with the event of hospitalisation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Severe mental illness is a risk factor for lobar pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal septicaemia and meningitis. Possible explanations for the elevated risk include factors relating to lifestyle and health-risk activities. If our findings are replicated elsewhere, there would be a case for considering routine pneumococcal immunisation for people with severe mental illness.
ANTIQUITY OF QUINTUPLETS
Authors: JOSEPH WALSH
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor::—  The following excerpt from Rolfe's Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius (volume II, p. 217), a judge in the courts during Galen's residence in Rome, appears apropos:  The philosopher Aristotle has recorded (Cf. Hist. Anim. vii, p. 584, 29) that a woman in Egypt bore five children at one birth; this, he said, was the limit of human multiple parturition; more children than that had never been known to be born at one time, and even that number was very rare. But in the reign of the deified Augustus the historians of the time say that a maid servant of Caesar Augustus in the region of Laurentum brought forth five children and that they lived for a few days; that their mother died not long after she had been delivered, whereupon a monument was erected to her by order of Augustus on the via Laurentina, and on it
Air Pollution and Mortality in Seven Million Adults: The Dutch Environmental Longitudinal Study (DUELS)
Authors: Paul H. Fischer, Marten Marra, Caroline B. Ameling, Gerard Hoek, Rob Beelen, Kees de Hoogh, Oscar Breugelmans, Hanneke Kruize, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Danny Houthuijs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with mortality in urban cohort studies. Few studies have investigated this association in large-scale population registries, including non-urban populations.The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality in the Netherlands based on existing national databases.We used existing Dutch national databases on mortality, individual characteristics, residence history, neighborhood characteristics, and national air pollution maps based on land use regression (LUR) techniques for particulates with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Using these databases, we established a cohort of 7.1 million individuals ≥ 30 years of age. We followed the cohort for 7 years (2004-2011). We applied Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for potential individual and area-specific confounders.After adjustment for individual and area-specific confounders, for each 10-μg/m3 increase, PM10 and NO2 were associated with nonaccidental mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.09 and HR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.03, respectively], respiratory mortality (HR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.17 and HR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03, respectively), and lung cancer mortality (HR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.30 and HR = 1.10 95% CI: 1.09, 1.11, respectively). Furthermore, PM10 was associated with circulatory disease mortality (HR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.08), but NO2 was not (HR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.01). PM10 associations were robust to adjustment for NO2; NO2 associations remained for nonaccidental mortality and lung cancer mortality after adjustment for PM10.Long-term exposure to PM10 and NO2 was associated with nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality in the Dutch population of ≥ 30 years of age.
Doctors and drug companies are locked in “vicious circle”
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A radical new approach to paying drug companies should be introduced—rewarding them for improving health rather than maximising sales, the UK parliamentary health committee has been told.

The proposal, by Healthy Skepticism, an international watchdog group based in Australia that is concerned with misleading drug marketing, was put to committee members during a week long visit to Australia that ended last week.

The MPs met doctors, academics, and drug companies and other groups as part of their inquiry into the influence of the drug industry. They also held meetings related to previous inquiries into child migrants and HIV and AIDS.

Dr Peter Mansfield, director of Healthy Skepticism, said in a memorandum given …
PHASE I-II STUDY OF MULTIDOSE SAMARIUM 153 EDTMP (SM) FOR PAINFUL BONE METASTASIS
Authors: D A Podoloff, E E Kim, F V Fossella, P Holoye, T Mortenson, V A Bhadkamkar, J Crane, E Gordon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Podoloff, D A M.D.; Kim, E E M.D.; Fossella, F V M.D.; Holoye, P M.D.; Mortenson, T R.N.; Bhadkamkar, V A M.Sc, M.S.; Crane, J; Gordon, E Author Information
ADDITIVE VALUE OF 2D SPECKLE TRACKING STRAIN TO DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR IMPROVING SENSITIVITY OF DETECTING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Visali Kodali, Samir K. Saha, Kambiz Parcham-Azad, Rena S. Toole, Aasha S. Gopal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract A38: Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is upregulated in high-grade prostate cancer
Authors: Ruprecht Kuner, Holger Sültmann, Maria Fälth, Nicole Chui Pressinotti, Jan Christoph Brase, Sabrina Balaguer-Puig, Georg Schäfer, Georg Bartsch, Eberhard Steiner, Helmut Klocker
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Loss of cell cycle control is a prerequisite for cancer onset and progression. In prostate cancer, increased activity of cell cycle proliferating genes has been associated with prognostic parameters such as biochemical relapse and survival. The identification of novel oncogenic and druggable targets in patient subgroups with poor prognosis may help to develop targeted therapy approaches. We analyzed prostate cancer and corresponding benign tissues (n = 98) using microarrays. The comparison of high and low grade tumors (Gleason score ≥ 4+3 vs. ≤ 3+4) revealed 144 differentially expressed genes (p &amp;lt; 0.05), which are associated with a severe disease course. Out of these, 15 genes are assigned to cell cycle process. The gene maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) was identified to be highly correlated with cell cycle and prostate cancer associated genes like UBE2C, TOP2A, CCNB2 and AURKB, and was therefore further included into validation and functional experiments. The association between MELK gene expression and high-risk prostate cancer was validated in an independent patient cohort (p &amp;lt; 0.005, n = 79). Furthermore, our finding was supported by a public microarray dataset showing a higher MELK expression in prostate cancer patients with biochemical relapse. Immunohistochemical analysis using a tissue microarray (n = 94) revealed increased MELK protein expression in prostate cancer tissues of high Gleason scores. Knockdown of MELK decreased cell viability in PC3 and LNCaP cells. Microarray analysis upon MELK knockdown experiments revealed downstream processes like chromatin modification, embryonic development and cell migration. Our findings indicate that the protein serine/threonine kinase MELK represents a promising marker for advanced prostate cancer disease. Citation Format: Ruprecht Kuner, Holger Sültmann, Maria Fälth, Nicole Chui Pressinotti, Jan Christoph Brase, Sabrina Balaguer-Puig, Georg Schäfer, Georg Bartsch, Eberhard Steiner, Helmut Klocker. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is upregulated in highgrade prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A38.
917-94 Low Density Lipoprotein Stimulates Chemotaxis of Human Monocytes Through a Cyclooxygenase Dependent Pathway
Authors: Jörg Kreuzer, Jörg Bader, Stefanie Denger, Kai Ritter, Lothar Jahn, Joseph Niebauer, Eberhard von Hodenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Global shortage of medical isotopes threatens nuclear medicine services
Authors: A. Perkins, A. Hilson, J. Hall
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Nuclear medicine departments throughout the world are facing the prospect of a severe shortage of molybdenum-99 over the next few weeks.1 Molybdenum-99, a fission product of uranium-235, is usually delivered to hospitals on a weekly basis in the form of the molybdenum/technetium generator. This is used for the routine production of technetium-99m, the main radionuclide used for over 80% of routine diagnostic nuclear medicine investigations. The result will be a major disruption in the provision of nuclear medicine services in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.

The president of the US Society of Nuclear Medicine, Robert Archer, has described this as a “perfect storm in isotope availability,” in which a series of unrelated events have combined with serious consequences.

Europe’s three isotope production reactors are all currently shut down. Belgium’s Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC) ordered the Fleurus facility to stop production on 26 August after an uncontrolled release of iodine-131 into the atmosphere estimated to be 45 GBq. The High Flux Reactor (HFR) at Petten in the Netherlands will be offline …
Transcriptional Stimulation of the eNOS Gene by the Stable Prostacyclin Analogue Beraprost Is Mediated Through cAMP-Responsive Element in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kazuo Niwano, Masashi Arai, Koichi Tomaru, Tsuyoshi Uchiyama, Yoshio Ohyama, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Beraprost sodium (BPS), an orally active prostacyclin analogue, has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension and obstructive peripheral arterial disease. Although BPS was originally described for its effects on platelet aggregation and vasodilatory response, the effect on endothelial cells has been poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of BPS on the eNOS gene expression in mouse aorta and cultured human and bovine aortic endothelial cells. Treatment of these cells with BPS increased the eNOS expression as assessed by Northern blots, Western blots, and NO production by NO-specific fluorescence (DAF2-DA) and by the Griess method. Standard mRNA decay assays showed that BPS increases the stability of eNOS mRNA. In addition, BPS increased the promoter activity of the human eNOS gene, as determined by luciferase assays of the eNOS promoter gene. Progressive 5'-deletion and site-specific mutation analyses defined the BPS-responsive sequences as cAMP-responsive elements (CRE) located at -733 and -603. By using the oligonucleotide probe containing this CRE sequence in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we showed that the phosphorylated form of CRE-binding protein is a major constituent of the complex in BPS-treated cells. Western blot analyses indicate that BPS but not endogenous prostacyclin phosphorylates CRE-binding protein. The presence of functional CRE sites within human eNOS promoter may represent a novel mechanism for regulating eNOS gene expression.
An Introduction to Nuclear Physics, With Applications in Medicine and Biology
Authors: Thomas F. Budinger
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The purpose of this book is to present principles of nuclear and radiation physics that underlie applications to the medical sciences. Its major asset is the well-selected bibliography, which supports the main issues addressed in the first four chapters on physical concepts. Although this monograph presents the physical principles concisely, this reviewer does not believe clinical or even basic medical scientists will find this book has any special advantages over other texts that cover similar material on the basic interaction of radiation with matter and the detection of radiation. For example, texts on nuclear medicine and radiology are tuned more to the clinical scientists than are the first 128 pages of Dr Dyson's book. An exception might be the application of radiation to radiotherapy, wherein there is a paucity of organized material on new methods, but even here this book cannot be cited as a source for the most modern
Clinical Application of Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Wendy K. M. Liew, Tawfeg Ben-Omran, Basil T. Darras, Sanjay P. Prabhu, Darryl C. De Vivo, Matteo Vatta, Yaping Yang, Christine M. Eng, Wendy K. Chung
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Ataxia in children is a diagnostic challenge. Besides the more common acquired causes of ataxia, there are more than 50 inherited disorders associated with ataxia. Our objective was to highlight whole-exome sequencing as a rapidly evolving clinical tool for diagnosis of mendelian disorders, and we illustrate this in the report of a single case of a novel sequence variation in the SACS gene.A 4-year-old girl presented with delayed gross motor development, ataxia, and polyneuropathy. Results of initial testing for the common causes of inherited and acquired ataxia were unrevealing. Whole-exome sequencing showed a novel frameshift homozygous sequence variation in the SACS gene, consistent with the diagnosis of autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay.Whole-exome sequencing is a powerful clinical tool that has been increasingly used to assist in the diagnosis of mendelian disorders. It provides a cost-effective, efficient, and expedited approach to making a clinical diagnosis and, in some cases, may be the only way to make a diagnosis.
Hospitals must plan for full evacuation, concludes review of fires
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

All hospitals and healthcare facilities should have plans in place for a full evacuation, a review of five recent fires at London hospitals has concluded.

Most hospitals’ major incident plans do not include the possibility of a complete site evacuation, assuming that a partial or horizontal evacuation to another section of the building would be sufficient, says the report by NHS London.

The report is the first example of a published case series that analyses hospital evacuations in the United Kingdom. It was launched at a conference in London to mark international day for disaster reduction, which focused on the theme “Hospitals safe from disasters.”

The report examined fires at five different types of hospital—the Royal Marsden Hospital, University College Hospital, Great Ormond Street …