tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of Cellular FLICE Inhibitory Protein, Caspase-8, and Protease Inhibitor-9 in Ewing Sarcoma and Implications for Susceptibility to Cytotoxic Pathways
Authors: Alfons S.K. de Hooge, Dagmar Berghuis, Susy Justo Santos, Esther Mooiman, Salvatore Romeo, J. Alain Kummer, R. Maarten Egeler, Maarten J.D. van Tol, Cornelis J.M. Melief, Pancras C.W. Hogendoorn, Arjan C. Lankester
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Ewing sarcoma is a common pediatric bone tumor with an unfavorable prognosis for metastatic or recurrent disease. Cellular immunotherapy may provide new treatment options and depends on the cytolytic death receptor and perforin/granzyme pathways. Expression of death receptor pathway inhibitor cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (cFLIP), initiator caspase-8, and granzyme B inhibitor protease inhibitor-9 (PI-9) have been reported to determine susceptibility to cell- and chemotherapy-mediated killing in several tumor types. Here, we have studied their in vitro and in vivo expression in Ewing sarcoma and the implications for susceptibility to cytotoxicity. Experimental Design: Ewing sarcoma cell lines (n = 8) were tested for cFLIP, PI-9, and caspase-8 expression. Functional significance was tested by anti-Fas antibody (death receptor pathway) or natural killer cell (perforin/granzyme pathway) treatment. Immunohistochemistry was done on 28 sections from 18 patients. In half of the cases, sequential material, including metastases, was available. Results: Although all tested Ewing sarcoma cell lines expressed cFLIP, resistance to CD95/Fas–mediated apoptosis was only observed in two cell lines lacking caspase-8 expression. PI-9 was expressed at low levels in four of eight Ewing sarcoma cell lines, but positive cell lines remained susceptible to perforin/granzyme–mediated killing. In primary Ewing sarcoma, including metastases, cFLIP was abundantly expressed in 18 of 18 patients. Caspase-8 was expressed in all patients but showed more intertumoral and intratumoral variation in both intensity and heterogeneity of staining. PI-9, in contrast, was undetectable. Conclusions: The expression patterns of cFLIP, caspase-8, and the absence of PI-9 provide a rationale to preferentially exploit the perforin/granzyme pathway in cytotoxic therapies against Ewing sarcoma.
Thrombopoietin/MPL signaling confers growth and survival capacity to CD41-positive cells in a mouse model of Evi1 leukemia
Authors: Satoshi Nishikawa, Shunya Arai, Yosuke Masamoto, Yuki Kagoya, Takashi Toya, Naoko Watanabe-Okochi, Mineo Kurokawa
Journal: Blood (2014)
An Abnormal Reflex Sign
Authors: John Logothetis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:  In 1959 Dr. A. Diakiogiannis of Thessalonica reported an abnormal reflex sign which I believe is of significant diagnostic value.  The reflex is attributed to damage of the pyramidal tracts at the spinal cord level. The sign can be elicited by lightly scratching the skin along the outer border of the tibia then down the dorsum of the foot toward the big toe. The response produced when the reflex is present is a slow extension of the big toe.  The conclusions of the author were derived from observations on five groups of patients and a normal control group of 1,000 normal individuals. The reflex was negative in the control group and in the groups of patients with hemiplegias or quadriplegias of cerebral origin that otherwise showed the usual abnormal toe sign responses such as Babinski and Chaddock. The response was positive in two groups of patients one
Out in the Cold: Academic Boycotts and the Isolation of South Africa
Authors: R. Crawshaw
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Lorraine J Haricombe, F W Lancaster Information Resources Press, pp 115 ISBN 0 87815 067 6

Out In The Cold exemplifies how good things come in small packages--in this case 115 pages of easy reading, surveying the impact on South African scholars and scientists of years of academic sanctions. With a simple questionnaire sent to 900 South African academics, backed up by 50 in depth interviews, the authors take the measure of damage suffered by the faculties of 21 South African institutions of higher education.

For those who may not know, academic sanction makes contemporary use of the ancient Greek custom of ostracism--exile without benefit of trial of those identified by …
A 7 gene signature identifies the risk of developing cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C†
Authors: Hongjin Huang, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Scott Friedman, Ramasubbu Venkatesh, Natalie Bzowej, Olivia T. Abar, Charles M. Rowland, Joseph J. Catanese, Diane U. Leong, John J. Sninsky, Thomas J. Layden, Teresa L. Wright, Thomas White, Ramsey C. Cheung
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Clinical factors such as age, gender, alcohol use, and age-at-infection influence the progression to cirrhosis but cannot accurately predict the risk of developing cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The aim of this study was to develop a predictive signature for cirrhosis in Caucasian patients. All patients had well-characterized liver histology and clinical factors; DNA was extracted from whole blood for genotyping. We validated all significant markers from a genome scan in the training cohort, and selected 361 markers for the signature building. Using a "machine learning" approach, a signature consisting of markers most predictive for cirrhosis risk in Caucasian patients was developed in the training set (N = 420). The Cirrhosis Risk Score (CRS) was calculated to estimate the risk of developing cirrhosis for each patient. The CRS performance was then tested in an independently enrolled validation cohort of 154 Caucasian patients. A CRS signature consisting of 7 markers was developed for Caucasian patients. The area-under-the-ROC curves (AUC) of the CRS was 0.75 in the training cohort. In the validation cohort, AUC was only 0.53 for clinical factors, increased to 0.73 for CRS, and 0.76 when CRS and clinical factors were combined. A low CRS cutoff of <0.50 to identify low-risk patients would misclassify only 10.3% of high-risk patients, while a high cutoff of >0.70 to identify high-risk patients would misclassify 22.3% of low-risk patients. Conclusion: CRS is a better predictor than clinical factors in differentiating high-risk versus low-risk for cirrhosis in Caucasian CHC patients. Prospective studies should be conducted to further validate these findings. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
The Patient in Psychotherapy and his Attitude towards the Marital Partner
Authors: S. Nikolić, N. Jović
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

In this work, we have tried to find out whether there is any parallel between the depth of personality lesion of neurotic patients and their attitude toward their marital partners. Our therapeutic experience has led us to observe such a relationship more closely. We studied patients accepted for psychotherapy during a one-year period (January 1st, 1969 to January 1st, 1970). The rating-scale method was applied. It was shown that an insight into emotional difficulties, having their source in the primary family, helps to develop a more mature attitude towards the marital partner, together with behavioral change and more realistic acceptance of the partner as a person. Our therapeutic approach in individual psychotherapy has been a psychodynamic one. Such an approach enables the patient to gain some insight into his own relations towards the partner, these relations being consequences of unresolved emotional difficulties from the past and of projections of unconscious drives towards the partner as transference, not as real a figure.
Glucagon and the Failing Heart
Authors: PAUL D. WOOLF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 September 1970Glucagon and the Failing HeartPAUL D. WOOLF, M.D.PAUL D. WOOLF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-3-493 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The NIH Conference entitled "Adenyl Cyclase and Myocardial Contractility" (Ann Intern Med72:561-578, 1970) was most provocative. If one extrapolates from Dr. Epstein's findings of the glucagonmedicated increase in myocardial contractility and in myocardial adenyl cyclase in cats with acute cardiac decompensation, it would seem that glucagon might be useful in the somewhat analogous situation in man—that is, cardiogenic shock. However, since the evidence indicates that this hormone activates the same adenyl cyclase system as the catecholamines, it would appear from Dr. Levey's data that the use of either T3or T4or one of their analogues...Reference1. POOLSKELTONSEAGREN PCS: Chemical energetics of cardiac muscle in hyperthyroidism. J Clin Invest 47:80a, 1968 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine N.Y.U. School of Medicine New York, N.Y. 10016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1970Volume 73, Issue 3Page: 493-494KeywordsCatecholaminesGlucagonHeartHormonesShockTriiodothyronine Issue Published: 1 September 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Total Lung Capacity by N<sub>2</sub>Washout from High and Low Lung Volumes in Ventilated Infants and Children
Authors: JÜRG HAMMER, ANDREW NUMA, CHRISTOPHER J. L. NEWTH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Although there is a strong rationale for the assessment of the subdivisions of lung volume, lung function testing has focused on the measurement of FRC alone in ventilated infants and children. To assess the feasibility, reproducibility, and accuracy of measurements of total lung capacity (TLC), FRC, and their ratio, we determined both lung volumes in 50 critically ill, intubated, and paralyzed infants (mean age [SEM]), 19.9 [4.6] mo) with a variety of lung diseases, by a modified N2 washout technique from end-exhalation and from +40 cm H2O inspiratory pressure, respectively. In the same infants, we also defined TLC by adding inspiratory capacity, measured by pneumotachograph during a passive exhalation from +40 cm H2O to FRC measured by N2 washout. Respiratory mechanics were measured by single-breath occlusion, and the patients were classified according to clinical picture and lung function into groups without lung disease or with restrictive or obstructive disease. The TLC data obtained by both methods showed good agreement for the infants without lung disease or restrictive disease (limits of agreement [LOA]: -3.8/4.6 and -2.9/3.2 ml/kg, respectively). The agreement was less in the infants with airflow obstruction where the N2 washout gave slightly higher values (LOA: -7.1/11.3 ml/kg). Mean FRC/TLC was significantly elevated in the obstructive group, whereas mean FRC alone did not differ from the group without lung disease. Our results suggest that TLC can be measured by both methods in intubated infants, but with limited agreement in obstructive disease. FRC/TLC ratios allow an estimation of the degree of pulmonary hyperinflation.
Videos in Clinical Medicine — A New<i>Journal</i>Feature
Authors: Graham T. McMahon, Julie R. Ingelfinger, Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

This week, the Journal's table of contents includes a new type of article, Videos in Clinical Medicine. Innovative technology affords us the opportunity to offer peer-reviewed educational videos that capitalize on the ability of moving images to teach procedures requiring skilled techniques and specialized physical examination. This first series of teaching videos is intended to help students, trainees, and younger physicians to learn procedural techniques from experienced colleagues. Our ultimate goal is to provide effective clinical instruction and improved patient care. The video showing arterial line placement, the first of the series, is now on our Web site at . . .
An Integrating Circuit for Measurement of the Areas of the Waves in the Electrocardiogram
Authors: FRANKLIN D. JOHNSTON, RICHARD MCFEE, J. MARION BRYANT
Journal: Circulation (1950)

An electronic circuit capable of integrating the electrocardiogram is described. The net areas of the QRS complex, the T wave and of the entire ventricular complex, QRS-T, in the standard leads may be estimated by measurement of the length of two vertical lines in each of the integrated records. The manifest areas of QRS, T and the gradient (QRS-T) with the orientation of these vectors are easily calculated from the data. An example of an integrated electrocardiogram is reproduced, and the procedure for estimation of the gradient is presented.
Hypothermic Organ Preservation
Authors: Watts R. Webb
Journal: JAMA (1965)

If viable mammalian tissues are to be stored at subzero temperatures, careful attention must be given to the methods of both cooling and warming. 1-4 One of the most important considerations is the maintenance of uniform heat distribution to equalize physical stress on the organ and to minimize variations in biochemical reaction rates. Lovelock and Smith 5 have outlined the limits of time that tissues can tolerate any given low temperature. The most critical is in the zone from about —3 to —40 C when the processes of freezing and recrystallization or thawing and melting are most active. Theoretically at least, this range should be traversed extremely rapidly, possibly in seconds, certainly no longer than minutes. It is difficult to cool or warm large organs such as the heart or kidney rapidly enough to stay within these markedly conscripted limits of tolerance because of the great mass through which heat
Severe and Diffuse Arterial Lesions in a Patient With Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Authors: Stéphane Zuily, Karine Angioi, Anne-Laure Fauret, Lisa Golmard, Leïlah Saadi, Olivier Huttin, René Anxionnat, Philippe Evon, Pierre-Yves Marie, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Denis Wahl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The American Board of Internal Medicine Recertification Examination: Process and Results
Authors: JOHN A. MESKAUSKAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

On 26 October 1974, 3356 diplomates of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) took a 1-day written examination for recertification consisting of multiple-choice, matching, and true-false questions derived from the American College of Physicians' Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program III and the ABIM Certifying Examination pool. The passing score was set by using a normative standard applied to a reference group of internists practicing general internal medicine who had had 2 or more years of residency training completed between the years 1949 and 1958. The passing score represented approximately 63% correct answers. The failure rate for the total number of examinees was 4.3%. Mean score of examinees showed an inverse relation with age but relatively slight differences when analyzed according to the degree of subspecialization, practice setting, hospital affiliation, or size of patient community.
Deoxycholic acid and the pathogenesis of gall stones.
Authors: S N Marcus, K W Heaton
Journal: Gut (1988)

Progress reportDeoxycholic acid and the pathogenesis of gall stones That deoxycholic acid (DCA) may have a role in cholesterol gall stone formation has been discussed on several occasions'`but authoritative reviews of gall stone pathogenesis fail to mention this possibility.`"This may be because the evidence has never been comprehensively reviewed and so its strength is not widely appreciated.Perhaps, too, it is hard to believe that events in the colon can influence the fate of the gall bladder.But the facts suggest that this is indeed the case. Deoxycholic acid -basic factsBecause of an efficient enterohepatic circulation, less than 10% of the circulating bile salt pool reaches the colon each day.'2"3As bile salts pass down the ileum they are subject to bacterial attack, which may be extensive in the terminal ileum,'4 but this is usually limited to deconjugation which does not impair absorption.In the colon'5 6 any cholic acid which has escaped absorption in the terminal ileum is rapidly converted to DCA'7 8 by anaerobic 7 a-dehydroxylation,';2' so that only small amounts of cholic acid are detectable in the faeces.2223Of the newly formed DCA one third to a half is absorbed by passive diffusion and recirculated.'7824In normal subjects this amounts to about 150 mg per day,25 the remainder being precipitated or adsorbed to solid matter and lost in the faeces.The circulating pool of DCA is about 500 mg (1.25 mmol)25 and DCA constitutes 10-40% of the bile acids in bile. Epidemiological relationshipsThe established risk factors (in the sense of personal characteristics) for cholesterol rich gall stones are increasing age, female sex, parity, obesity, and raised plasma triglycerides.26It is not widely appreciated that some of these risk factors are associated with increased concentrations of DCA in bile.With respect to age, the pool of circulating DCA was found to be significantly larger in a group of elderly Dutch people than in a group of young ones.27With respect to sex, the bile of healthy age matched men and women has not often been compared but in a Canadian study there was a trend towards more DCA in the bile of women.28In a small Australian study the women had 25% of DCA in their duodenal bile acids while men had only 9%29 and, in Sweden, hyperlipoproteinaemic women had more DCA in their bile than men.3'With respect to hypertriglyceridaemia, Swedish people with type IIB and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia had 39% and 41% DCA in their bile while healthy controls had only 23%.21Vegetarian women have a lower than expected prevalence of gall stones (explained only in part by their tendency to be slim).3They have also been
A<i>GPR54</i>-Activating Mutation in a Patient with Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: Milena Gurgel Teles, Suzy D.C. Bianco, Vinicius Nahime Brito, Ericka B. Trarbach, Wendy Kuohung, Shuyun Xu, Stephanie B. Seminara, Berenice B. Mendonca, Ursula B. Kaiser, Ana Claudia Latronico
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Gonadotropin-dependent, or central, precocious puberty is caused by early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In girls, this condition is most often idiopathic. Recently, a G protein-coupled receptor, GPR54, and its ligand, kisspeptin, were described as an excitatory neuroregulator system for the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In this study, we have identified an autosomal dominant GPR54 mutation--the substitution of proline for arginine at codon 386 (Arg386Pro)--in an adopted girl with idiopathic central precocious puberty (whose biologic family was not available for genetic studies). In vitro studies have shown that this mutation leads to prolonged activation of intracellular signaling pathways in response to kisspeptin. The Arg386Pro mutant appears to be associated with central precocious puberty.
Effect of oral trifusal treatment on nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression in neutrophils from healthy donors
Authors: L. Sanchez de Miguel, L. Rico, A. Jiménez, M. Montón, T. De Frutos, M. García‐Durán, S. Velasco, A. López‐Blaya, J. Farré, A. López‐Farré
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Differences in Outcome in Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Consequence of Better Regimens? Better Doctors? Both?
Authors: Charles A. Schiffer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.116 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12610169 Differences in Outcome in Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Consequence of Better Regimens? Better Doctors? Both? Charles A. SchifferxCharles A. SchifferSearch for articles by this author Show More Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.11.116 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Differences in Outcome in Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Consequence of Better Regimens? Better Doctors? Both?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(5), pp. 760–761© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Involvement of the Nicotinamide Adenosine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Isoform Nox2 in Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction Occurring in Response to Pressure Overload
Authors: David J. Grieve, Jonathan A. Byrne, Anjana Siva, Joanne Layland, Sofian Johar, Alison C. Cave, Ajay M. Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
P144 Influenza infection affects the degree of fibrosis and apoptosis in the bleomycin mouse model
Authors: A Stavrou, L Jolly, A Habgood, A John, T Hussel, A Blanchard, G Jenkins
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The bleomycin mouse mode can be used as a model of pulmonary fibrosis. The Influenza A virus can infects epithelial cells leading to cell death and injury. Acute exacerbations of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) are characterised by epithelial cell apoptosis with unknown cause. The role of infection in acute exacerbations of IPF is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of influenza infection on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> 60 U of bleomycin was instilled into lungs of 6–8 week old male C57Bl/6 mice. After 28 days mice were exposed intranasally with 10, 20 Units of influenza virus ‘x31’ or PBS, and lungs harvested 5 or 21 days later. Lung tissue harvested for mRNA analysis, histology and hydroxyproline levels. Animal studies were ethically reviewed and carried out in accordance with Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and the GSK Policy on the Care, Welfare and Treatment of Animals. <h3>Results</h3> Influenza infection increased in lung collagen levels: COL1 mRNA but not COL3 was increased. There was also an increase in matrix deposition on Masson’s trichrome staining. There were increased hydroxyproline levels in influenza infected mice with fibrotic lungs due to bleomycin administration, compared with mice exposed only to bleomycin. Non-fibrotic, influenza- infected mice showed apoptosis on histological TUNEL staining. CCNA2 mRNA in influenza infected mice with fibrotic lungs was increased compared to fibrotic mice alone indicating an increase in epithelial apoptosis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data suggest that influenza infection may enhance the fibrotic response in the lung by promoting epithelial apoptosis and fibrogenesis.
THE BRONCHOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF SUPPURATIVE DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Authors: WILLIAM FREDERIC MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The purpose of this paper is to present the records of thirty-eight cases of suppuration of the lungs treated by bronchoscopic methods, with observations and inferences on certain phases of this subject. It is realized that thousands of cases will be required for ultimate conclusions. <h3>BEARING OF LOCALITY OF LESION ON RESULTS OF BRONCHOSCOPIC TREATMENT</h3> Pulmonary suppuration may be roughly divided, as to localization, into those of the right upper, middle and lower, and those of the left upper and lower lobes. In addition to this broad, but convenient, classification it must be recognized that an abscess may be interlobar or the suppurative condition may be generalized or multiple, or complicated by bronchiectasis. The statistics in the accompanying table show the localization in thirty-eight cases treated. The localization was determined by roentgen-ray findings confirmed by bronchoscopic examination. The branch bronchus or bronchi from which pus exuded determined in each case