tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P1-144: Soluble Mesothelin related Proteins in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Comparison to Asbestos Diseases and Lung Cancer
Authors: Thomas R. Muley, Michael A. Meister, Hans Hoffmann, Hendrik Dienemann, Felix J. Herth, Monika Philipp, Joachim Schneider
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Physical Activity and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Curt D. Furberg, Bruce M. Psaty, David Siscovick
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Vigorous exertion and endurance training have been reported to increase atrial fibrillation (AF). Associations of habitual light or moderate activity with AF incidence have not been evaluated. Methods and Results— We prospectively investigated associations of leisure-time activity, exercise intensity, and walking habits, assessed at baseline and updated during follow-up visits, with incident AF, diagnosed by annual 12-lead ECGs and hospital discharge records, from 1989 to 2001 among 5446 adults ≥65 years of age in the Cardiovascular Health Study. During 47 280 person-years of follow-up, 1061 new AF cases occurred (incidence 22.4/1000 person-years). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, leisure-time activity was associated with lower AF incidence in a graded manner, with 25% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 to 0.90), 22% (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.95), and 36% (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.79) lower risk in quintiles 3, 4, and 5 versus quintile 1 ( P for trend &lt;0.001). Exercise intensity had a U-shaped relationship with AF (quadratic P =0.02): Versus no exercise, AF incidence was lower with moderate-intensity exercise (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.89) but not with high-intensity exercise (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.19). Walking distance and pace were each associated with lower AF risk in a graded manner ( P for trend &lt;0.001); when we assessed the combined effects of distance and pace, individuals in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 had 25% (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.99), 32% (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.92), and 44% (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.82) lower AF incidence than individuals in quartile 1. Findings appeared unrelated to confounding by comorbidity or indication. After evaluation of cut points of moderate leisure-time activity (≈600 kcal/week), walking distance (12 blocks per week), and pace (2 mph), 26% of all new AF cases (95% CI 7% to 43%) appeared attributable to absence of these activities. Conclusions— Light to moderate physical activities, particularly leisure-time activity and walking, are associated with significantly lower AF incidence in older adults.
The PROSPER trial
Authors: Mark R Goldstein
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

The increased incidence of diagnosed cancers in the PROSPER trial1Shepherd J Blauw GJ Murphy MB et al.on behalf of the PROSPER study groupPravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial.Lancet. 2002; 360: 1623-1630Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (3104) Google Scholar is disturbing, biologically plausible, significant, and should not be attributed to a chance finding. Cancer incidence over the 3·2 years of the trial was 6·8% in the placebo group and 8·5% in those randomised to pravastatin (p=0·020). Cancer death during the trial was 3·1% in the placebo group and 4·0% in the pravastatin group. This exactly cancelled the mortality benefit of coronary heart disease death, which was 4·2% in the placebo group and 3·3% in the pravastatin group. All-cause death was unchanged, implying that pravastatin treatment changed how a patient died by increasing cancer death and decreasing death from coronary heart disease. Pravastatin decreases natural killer cell cytotoxicity.2Kobashigawa JA Katznelson S Laks H et al.Effect of pravastatin on outcomes after cardiac transplantation.N Engl J Med. 1995; 333: 621-627Crossref PubMed Scopus (1204) Google Scholar Low cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells is associated with increased cancer risk.3Imai K Matsuyama S Miyake S Suga K Nakachi K Natural cytoxic activity of peripheral-blood lymphocytes and cancer incidence: an 11-year follow-up study of a general population.Lancet. 2000; 356: 1795-1799Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (912) Google Scholar Elderly people can be particularly susceptible to the untoward effects of decreasing immune function. There are reasons why other 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) did not show an increased cancer incidence in other trials. The PROSPER trial was unique since the average age of patients at trial entry was 75 years, which is substantially more than that of previous statin trials. In subgroup analysis of the Heart Protection Study,4Heart Protection Study Collaborative GroupMRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.Lancet. 2002; 360: 7-22Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (7803) Google Scholar there was no excess cancer in older patients randomised to sim-vastatin over the 5-year trial. However, individual statins have differing pharmacokinetic properties.5Chong PH Seeger JD Franklin C Clinically relevant differences between the statins: implications for therapeutic selection.Am J Med. 2001; 111: 390-400Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (175) Google Scholar Therefore, comparison of the PROSPER trial with other statin trials is difficult. I feel that pravastatin should be used cautiously in the elderly because it could increase cancer incidence. Long-term follow-up of PROSPER and other statin trials should help resolve this important issue. The PROSPER trialAuthors' reply Full-Text PDF
New Look to an Old Symptom: Angina Pectoris
Authors: Filippo Crea, Achille Gaspardone
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Abstract At the turn of this century, it was proposed that ischemic cardiac pain might be related to distension of the ventricular wall (“mechanical hypothesis”). Three decades later, it was hypothesized that ischemic pain might be elicited by the intramyocardial release of pain-producing substances induced by ischemia (“chemical hypothesis”). Studies carried out in the past 10 years have given strong support to the chemical hypothesis, because they have consistently shown that adenosine is a mediator of ischemic cardiac pain. Adenosine-induced ischemic cardiac pain is mediated primarily by stimulation of A 1 receptors located in cardiac nerve endings and is potentiated by substance P. Conversely, the magnitude and rate of left ventricular dilation during ischemia do not predict the severity of angina. It is worth noting, however, that stretching of epicardial coronary arteries appears to potentiate the severity of angina caused by myocardial ischemia. The nervous activity generated by myocardial ischemia is modulated in intrinsic cardiac, mediastinal, and thoracic ganglia. Then it is further modulated in the central nervous system and projects bilaterally to the cortex, as demonstrated in humans by positron emission tomography, where it is decoded as a painful sensation. The causes responsible for the lack of angina during myocardial ischemia are probably different in patients who present both pain-free and painful myocardial ischemia, in patients with predominantly painless ischemia, and in diabetic patients.
Correction of SMN2 Pre-mRNA splicing by antisense U7 small nuclear RNAs
Authors: Csilla Madocsai, Sharlene R. Lim, Till Geib, Bianca J. Lam, Klemens J. Hertel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Mutations in one of the duplicated survival of motor neuron (SMN) genes lead to the progressive loss of motor neurons and subsequent development of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a common, and usually fatal, hereditary disease. Homozygous absence of the telomeric copy (SMN1) correlates with development of SMA because differential splicing of the centromeric copy (SMN2) leads to exon 7 skipping and predominantly produces a biologically inactive protein isoform. To increase exon 7 inclusion of SMN2, we have designed a series of vectors that express modified U7 snRNAs containing antisense sequences complementary to the 3′ splice site of SMN exon 8. Over 20 anti-SMN U7 snRNAs were tested for their ability to promote exon 7 inclusion in the SMN2 gene. Transient expression of anti-SMN U7 snRNAs in HeLa cells modulated SMN2 splicing to ∼70% exon 7 inclusion in a sequence-specific and dose-dependent manner. Significantly, the administration of anti-SMN U7 snRNPs results in an increase in the concentration of SMN protein. These results suggest that modulation of SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing by modified U7 snRNAs provides a promising form of gene therapy for the treatment of SMA.
Cyclooxygenase 2-Dependent Expression of Survivin Is Critical for Apoptosis Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kostyantyn Krysan, Harnisha Dalwadi, Sherven Sharma, Mehis Põld, Steven Dubinett
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Elevated tumor cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression is associated with increased angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and promotion of tumor cell resistance to apoptosis. In our previous studies using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines constitutively expressing COX-2 cDNA in sense and antisense orientations, we demonstrated that constitutive overexpression of COX-2 leads to stabilization of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin resulting in the elevated apoptosis resistance of COX-2–overexpressing cells. Genetic or pharmacologic suppression of COX-2 activity increased proteasomal degradation of survivin and cellular response to apoptosis induction. Our data show that expression of survivin in non-small cell lung cancer cells can be significantly down-regulated by RNA interference. Whereas COX-2–overexpressing NSCLC cells have significantly higher apoptosis resistance than the parental cells, inhibition of survivin expression by small interfering RNA decreases apoptosis resistance to the level of the parental non-small cell lung cancer. We conclude that COX-2-dependent expression of survivin is critical for apoptosis resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.
NARRATION
Authors: David W. Furnas
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pre- and Postoperative Management of the Cardiopulmonary Patient
Authors: Paul C. Adkins
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This book compiles the presentations at the 19th Hahnemann Symposium held in Philadelphia in April 1968. The objective, as stated in the preface, is "to provide the clinician with a source of authoritative and specific advice on the proper management of those situations he may face when cardiac or pulmonary disease complicates his therapy." Although the mission could not be termed a complete success, much of the material is praiseworthy. With 46 chapters and 69 contributors, the book suffers from a common malady of many such multiauthored efforts—it is somewhat inconsistent in depth of coverage of various subjects and somewhat erratic in sequence of chapters. In general, the book is divided into pulmonary and cardiac problems, but the several chapters devoted to causes and treatment of sepsis, antibiotics, and endocarditis are scattered throughout the book rather than grouped together. This is also true in coverage of arrhythmias and bleeding. The
Increased expression of the chemokine CCL23 in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Julie A. Poposki, Ashraf Uzzaman, Deepti R. Nagarkar, Regina T. Chustz, Anju T. Peters, Lydia A. Suh, Roderick Carter, James Norton, Kathleen E. Harris, Leslie C. Grammer, Bruce K. Tan, Rakesh K. Chandra, David B. Conley, Robert C. Kern, Robert P. Schleimer, Atsushi Kato
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Blood Misuse in Massachusetts?
Authors: David Kinloch, Allan Kliman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

IN this issue of the Journal, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health publishes summary figures of blood-transfusion activities in Massachusetts, the first such report available. Since the United States as a whole has no good figures about transfusion therapy, the acquisition of reliable data in Massachusetts may have implications for every hospital in the nation.Although the Bay State has a profusion of outstanding medical facilities, the report by the Division of Medical Care should deflate the idea that blood-transfusion standards have reached their acme in the Commonwealth. Certainly, the use of packed red cells is cause for pride, . . .
Driving and diabetes.
Authors: B. M. Frier
Journal: BMJ (1992)

most consistently effective agent, especially when given as a single intravenous bolus, but haloperidol is also valuable.9Other drugs, including metoclopramide, clonazepam, and antiepileptics (carbamazepine,8 valproic acid,20 and pheny- toin), may be of value, particularly in neurogenic hiccups.More recent reports have described resolution of prolonged hiccups with amitriptyline,21 nifedipine,22 amantidine,23 and baclofen.24Classes of agents that have been beneficial in single cases or short reports include tricyclic antidepressants, anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, stimulants of the central nervous system, H2 receptor antagonists, and dopamine agonists.When faced with a patient with intractable hiccups it is necessary to exclude or treat any underlying disease.Then, if simple physical measures fail to abort the attack and the hiccups last for longer than 24 hours, treatment with chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, antiepileptics, or baclofen should be considered.
BK Virus Prophylaxis With Levofloxacin
Authors: Gijs W. D. Landman
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TRANSRECTAL BIOPSY OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: Harry Grabstald
Journal: JAMA (1953)

There are indications for biopsy of the prostate when formal perineal exposure is not desirable, necessary, nor, on occasion, possible. The purpose of this report is to present a simple method for securing adequate prostatic tissue for biopsy. This technique was first used by one of us (J. L. E.) in 1947. The procedure has recently been followed in over 50 cases, without complications of any type; there have been no fistulas. We are unable to find reference to this technique in the literature. TECHNIQUE In this procedure saddle block anesthesia is preferable because of the degree of anal relaxation required. Biopsy tissue is secured with the patient in a modified jackknife position. The instrument utilized is the Fansler operating rectal speculum (see figure). The wide caliber of the instrument permits ready palpation of the prostate and manipulation of the biopsy forceps through the lumen. Attempts to use simple anal
Genetic and Pharmacologic Hydrogen Sulfide Therapy Attenuates Ischemia-Induced Heart Failure in Mice
Authors: John W. Calvert, Marah Elston, Chad K. Nicholson, Susheel Gundewar, Saurabh Jha, John W. Elrod, Arun Ramachandran, David J. Lefer
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is an endogenous signaling molecule with potent cytoprotective effects. The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of H 2 S in murine models of heart failure. Methods and Results— Heart failure was induced by subjecting mice either to permanent ligation of the left coronary artery for 4 weeks or to 60 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 4 weeks. Transgenic mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of the H 2 S-generating enzyme cystathione γ-lyase (αMHC-CGL-Tg + ) displayed a clear protection against left ventricular structural and functional impairment as assessed by echocardiography in response to ischemia-induced heart failure, as well as improved survival in response to permanent myocardial ischemia. Exogenous H 2 S therapy (Na 2 S; 100 μg/kg) administered at the time of reperfusion (intracardiac) and then daily (intravenous) for the first 7 days after myocardial ischemia also protected against the structural and functional deterioration of the left ventricle by attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additional experiments aimed at elucidating some of the protective mechanisms of H 2 S therapy found that 7 days of H 2 S therapy increased the phosphorylation of Akt and increased the nuclear localization of 2 transcription factors, nuclear respiratory factor 1 and nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf2), that are involved in increasing the levels of endogenous antioxidants, attenuating apoptosis, and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusions— The results of the present study suggest that either the administration of exogenous H 2 S or the modulation of endogenous H 2 S production may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of ischemia-induced heart failure.
Coronary Care Units
Authors: FRANK MITCHELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 May 1977Coronary Care UnitsFRANK MITCHELL, M.D.FRANK MITCHELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-653_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper "Effectiveness of Coronary Care Units in Small Community Hospitals" by Stross and associates (Ann Intern Med 85:709-713, 1976) indicates that the worst, or least effective, coronary care units, those with less than 60 patients with myocardial infarction admitted per year, have succeeded in cutting mortality rates in half. They therefore do seem effective, although some coronary care units seem more effective, by their measuring standards, than others.My questions are several. First, is death in the hospital a good outcome measure for judging one coronary care unit against another? Do we have a Cancer Ward...References1. SOLZHENITSYN A: Cancer Ward. New York, Farrar, Straus, & Giroux, 1969 Google Scholar2. STROSSSHASBYHARLAN JDW: An epidemic of mysterious cardiopulmonary arrests. N Engl J Med 295:1107-1110, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. SOLZHENITSYN A: Cancer Ward. New York, Farrar, Straus, & Giroux, 1969 Google Scholar2. STROSSSHASBYHARLAN JDW: An epidemic of mysterious cardiopulmonary arrests. N Engl J Med 295:1107-1110, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1977Volume 86, Issue 5Page: 653-654KeywordsCardiac care unitDeath ratesMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 May 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Enhancement of the L-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Current by Mechanical Stimulation in Single Rabbit Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Naoki Matsuda, Nobuhisa Hagiwara, Morio Shoda, Hiroshi Kasanuki, Saichi Hosoda
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Anion conductance is known to be activated by mechanical stimulation, such as osmotic cell swelling or cell inflation via the patch pipette, of canine or rabbit cardiac myocytes. The effects of mechanical stimulation on time-dependent currents, however, remain unsettled. Using the whole-cell voltage-clamp method, we have found that mechanical stimuli enhance the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) in rabbit cardiac myocytes. At every membrane potential, ICa,L was reversibly increased by osmotic cell swelling and by cell inflation caused by applying a positive pressure of 10 to 15 cm H2O via the patch pipette. ICa,L was increased during cell inflation by 37 +/- 21% (mean +/- SD, n = 17) in atrial cells and by 37 +/ -8% (n = 7) in sinoatrial node cells in solution containing 2 mmol/L Ca2+. The current-voltage relationship, the inactivation time constant, the steady state inactivation curve, and the conductance properties of ICa,L were all virtually unaffected by mechanical stimulation except for the open probability, which appears to increase. The increase in ICa,L was not dependent on protein kinase A, since an inhibitor peptide of cAMP-dependent protein kinase failed to prevent the increase in ICa,L during mechanical stimuli (n=5). The increase in ICa,L caused by cell inflation was unaffected by the chelation of intracellular Ca2+ by the addition of 10 mmol/L EGTA or 10 mmol/L BAPTA to the pipette solution, suggesting that the effect was not mediated by changes in intracellular Ca2+. Thus, mechanical stimulation due to cell swelling or inflation may itself directly increase ICa,L in rabbit cardiac myocytes.