tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CS-14 * NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTORS TrkB AND TrkC ARE REQUIRED FOR SURVIVAL OF BRAIN TUMOR INITIATING CELLS
Authors: Rajappa Kenchappa, Samual Lawn, Niveditha Krishna, Xiaotao Qu, David Fenstermacher, Jennifer Chan, Peter Forsyth
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF and NT3) and their receptors (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC and p75NTR) are frequently expressed in malignant gliomas, yet their functions are largely unknown. Previously, we have shown that p75NTR is required for glioma invasion and proliferation. However, the role of other Trk receptors has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the importance of neurotrophin receptors TrkB and TrkC in survival of brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs). We used human malignant glioma tissues and also tumor-initiating cells isolated from fresh human malignant gliomas and examined the expression of neurotrophin receptors and studied their role in survival/growth these cells in vitro, we have also examined the mechanism underlie. Here, we show that human malignant glioma tissues and tumor-initiating cells express the neurotrophin receptors TrkB and TrkC, not TrkA and they also express neurotrophins NGF, BDNF and NT3. Specific activation of TrkB and TrkC receptors by ligands BDNF and NT3 stimulates Trk phosphorylation, activates Erk and Akt and enhances tumor-initiating cell viability and growth. Conversely, TrkB and TrkC knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition using inhibitors of Trk, Erk and Akt, decreases neurotrophin-dependent Trk phosphorylation, Erk and Akt activation and BTIC survival. Importantly, attenuation of BTIC growth by EGFR inhibitors could be overcome by activation of neurotrophin signaling and further neurotrophin signaling is required for maintains long-term BTIC growth in the absence of EGF and FGF, and this effect is attenuated with Trk, Erk and Akt inhibitors. In vivo experiments are under progress. Our results highlight a novel role for neurotrophin signaling in malignant glioma and suggest that Trks could be a target for combinatorial treatment.
Attenuation of arterial baroreflex control of heart rate by left ventricular receptor stimulation in the conscious dog.
Authors: M J Holmberg, A J Gorman, K G Cornish, I H Zucker
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether left ventricular receptor stimulation attenuates the arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in the conscious dog and to determine the role of cardiac efferent sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways in any interaction observed. Mean arterial blood pressure-heart rate function curves, which characterized arterial baroreflex control of heart rate, were constructed before (control) and during an infusion of veratrine into the left circumflex coronary artery. Peak sensitivity, the maximum absolute slope along the mean arterial blood pressure-heart rate curve, and heart rate range (maximum minus minimum heart rate) were reduced during intracoronary infusion of veratrine. The mean arterial blood pressure-heart rate relationship also was shifted to a lower pressure during intracoronary infusion of veratrine. In order to study the role of cardiac efferents in this interaction, we constructed mean arterial blood-pressure-heart rate curves during cholinergic blockade, cholinergic blockade plus intracoronary infusion of veratrine, beta 1-adrenergic blockade, and beta 1-adrenergic blockade plus intracoronary infusion of veratrine. The addition of intracoronary infusion of veratrine during cholinergic blockade produced a shift of the mean arterial blood pressure-heart rate curve down the ordinate axis (heart rate) and to a lower pressure; however, peak sensitivity and heart rate range remained unchanged. The addition of intracoronary infusion of veratrine during beta 1-adrenergic blockade resulted in reductions in peak sensitivity and heart rate range. These data indicate that left ventricular receptor stimulation attenuates arterial baroreflex control of heart rate and that the reduction of sensitivity and heart rate range is mediated by parasympathetic motoneurons common to both reflex arcs. On the other hand, resetting to a lower operational set point may be mediated by cardiac sympathetic motoneurons common to both reflex arcs.
Bell's palsy and herpes simplex.
Authors: J B Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

eye injuries was in players aged 11 to 15 years.Largely as a result of this study and others like it protective headwear and facewear is now mandatory in almost all junior ice hockey in Canada.There have also been recent articles regarding eye injuries in badminton2 and squash.3I am not aware of such an article on cricket eye injuries.This is just the right time for such a survey.I write from the land of ice hockey to the land of cricket in the hope of stimulating somebody to tackle the sticky
Hepatitis B vaccination policy in drug treatment services
Authors: P Mangtani, S Kovats, A Hall
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Hepatitis B vaccination policy in drug treatnent services EDITOR,-The World Health Organisation en- courages universal vaccination against hepatitis B in settings in which the prevalence is low'; current British policy recommends selective vaccination.2We present information about the delivery of vaccine to the target group with the highest prevalence and risk of infection, injecting drug misusers.3Drug clinics were identified from the 1992 directory of the standing conference on drug abuse, updates, and regional drugs databases and were contacted in November 1993.Characteristics of new clients were provided by the clinics or collected from regional drugs databases.Self help groups, helplines, private nursing homes, and clinics that dealt only with minor tranquillisers were excluded.Sixty of the 500 clinics had closed, were satellite clinics, or were ineligible.Three hundred and
Biofeedback mechanisms between shapeable endogen structures and contingent social complexes: The nature of determination for developmental paths
Authors: Sari Goldstein Ferber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Biofeedback mechanisms (a) between individuals, (b) between the individual and the society structures which shape individual cognitions, and (c) within the individual genetic biochemical circulation, may explain the diversity of trustworthiness potential and the option of mutual trust for every individual in any given society.
Achieving Compliance With Influenza Immunization of Medical House Staff and Students
Authors: Colin K. Ohrt
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine the optimal method to increase influenza immunization rates of medical house staff and students.Prospective randomized trial and cross-sectional survey.Four hundred forty-two internal medicine, obstetrics-gynecology, and general surgery residents and junior medical students.The four interventions employed were (1) an educational memorandum outlining vaccine indications sent to all study group members, (2) a personal letter mailed to a random sample of half of the remaining unimmunized persons, (3) a telephone call to half of the unimmunized letter recipients, and (4) vaccine offered directly to the remaining unimmunized persons in clinics and conferences. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to all persons requesting or offered vaccine.During the 3 weeks after the memorandum, 87 (20%) of 442 persons were immunized. Five weeks after the letter, 61 (34%) of persons receiving a letter and 30 (17%) of the no-letter controls (P = .0005) had been immunized. After the telephone call, there was a statistically insignificant trend toward increased compliance. In clinics and conferences, 90% of persons reached were immunized and 10% refused, largely extinguishing the effect of prior interventions. At completion of the study, 275 (62%) of 442 participants were immunized, 29 (7%) refused, and 138 (31%) were not reached. Questionnaire results revealed that only 32% had ever been previously immunized against influenza, yet 70% stated that they had worked despite having influenzalike symptoms.A high rate of immunization of house staff and medical students can be achieved most effectively by offering vaccine in clinics and conferences. Continued education about influenza immunization is necessary for physicians and medical students.
<i>In vivo</i> Imaging of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Migration to the Skin
Authors: Christoph Hoeller, Stephen K. Richardson, Lai Guan Ng, Teresa Valero, Maria Wysocka, Alain H. Rook, Wolfgang Weninger
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant CD4(+) T cells in the skin. Although the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors on CTCL cells has been studied extensively on ex vivo isolated cells, very little is known about the dynamics and mechanisms of CTCL trafficking in vivo. However, detailed knowledge of the molecular cues mediating CTCL migration may be used to interfere with their homing to the skin. We made use of real-time intravital epifluorescence video and two-photon microscopy to visualize malignant T cells from Sezary syndrome (SS), a leukemic variant of CTCL, in dermal microvessels in mouse ear skin. We found that SS cells rolled along dermal venules in a P-selectin- and E-selectin-dependent manner at ratios similar to CD4(+) memory T cells from normal donors. We furthermore show that the chemokine CCL17/TARC, but not CCL27/CTACK, was sufficient to induce the arrest of SS cells in the microvasculature. However, a combination of both chemokines was required to induce extravasation of SS cells. Together, our experiments delineate the molecular adhesion cascade operant in SS cell homing to the skin in vivo.
What we know and what we do
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2007)

We all know that exercise benefits cardiac patients. It is universally included in rehabilitation plans for patients with heart disease. But what about exercise in cancer patients? Nanette Mutrie and colleagues conducted a randomized controlled trial of group exercise in 177 women with early stage breast cancer (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39094.648553.AE). Six months after the 12 week program, the intervention group had both psychological and physical benefits compared with the control group. In an accompanying editorial Julie Silver says that exercise is known to have important psychological effects but that the physical effects may also be important …
Abstract LB-178: In vivo validation of candidate radiosensitizers that target ionizing radiation induced foci
Authors: Elena V. Efimova, Helena J. Mauceri, Edwardine Labay, Harold Sutton, Ashly Haraf, Stehen J. Kron, Ralph Weichselbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Even after several decades of use, radiation therapy (RT) remains an important tool in the treatment of different types of cancers. Discovery of novel non-toxic radiosensitizers that halt tumor growth and/or restore senescence checkpoint growth arrest are highly desirable. Our work, along with other studies, has revealed that disrupting the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) can sensitize cancer cells to genotoxic stress. In our prior work we used GFP-53BP1 expressed in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line as a sensor to screen small molecules that affect radiation-induced foci (IRIF) persistence. The screening of libraries of approved and investigational drugs identified several “hits”, a surprising number of which were compounds without known connections to the DNA damage response or to chromatin alteration. Significantly, several compounds that promote IRIF persistence also restore the senescence checkpoint in irradiated cancer cells. To validate the candidate radiosensitizers we demonstrated that selected hits induced IRIF persistence and senescence in a variety of different cell lines, including HNSCC, and pancreatic and melanoma cells. Based on in vitro analysis, we identified the most promising compounds/”hits” for testing in tumor growth studies. Combining selected “hits” with radiation treatment (RT) induced IRIF persistence and increased senescence induction in MCF7-GFP-53BP1 xenografts growing in nude mice. We report that drug “hits” combined with RT induced senescence and suppressed tumor regrowth in highly radioresistant B16-SIY melanoma tumors growing in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Our data suggest that the use of nontoxic radiation sensitizers which enhance the effects of DNA damage and overcome intrinsic tumor radioresistance may be employed to enhance the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. Citation Format: Elena V. Efimova, Helena J. Mauceri, Edwardine Labay, Harold Sutton, Ashly Haraf, Stehen J. Kron, Ralph Weichselbaum. In vivo validation of candidate radiosensitizers that target ionizing radiation induced foci. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-178. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-178
306 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INCREASED SERUM AMINOTRANSFERASE IN BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME
Authors: P.E. Rautou, R. Moucari, D. Cazals-Hatem, S. Escolano, C. Denie, C. Francoz, F. Durand, V. Ozenne, A. Imbert, A. Plessier, D. Valla
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life
Authors: Charles G. Sasser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 December 2002Careful Conversation about Care at the End of LifeCharles G. Sasser, MDCharles G. Sasser, MDConway, SC 29527Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Jansen and Sulmasy (1) are correct in cautioning against blind acceptance of a “double effect” ratiocination for ethically complex issues that normally surround end-of-life decision making. However, the examples offered do not support their premise that double effect can be reduced to a simple distinction between physical and existential suffering. In case one, the patient, who has already required intermittent respiratory support, may say that she fears loss of dignity, but her impending death will most likely be due to slow suffocation. The appropriate moment to begin sedation to avoid such an outcome is when the patient ...References1. Jansen LA, Sulmasy DP. Sedation, alimentation, hydration, and equivocation: careful conversation about care at the end of life. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:845-9. [PMID: 12044133] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Conway, SC 29527 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSedation, Alimentation, Hydration, and Equivocation: Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Lynn A. Jansen and Daniel P. Sulmasy Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Timothy E. Quill Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Paul Rousseau Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Lynn A. Jansen and Daniel P. Sulmasy Physician Involvement in Voluntary Stopping of Eating and Drinking Bernard Gert , James L. Bernat , and R. Peter Mogielnicki Physician Involvement in Voluntary Stopping of Eating and Drinking Lynn A. Jansen and Daniel P. Sulmasy Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Tatsuya Morita , Satoru Tsuneto , and Yasuo Shima Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life John H. Kvasnicka Metrics Cited ByPhysician Reports of Terminal Sedation without Hydration or Nutrition for Patients Nearing Death in the NetherlandsJudith A.C. Rietjens, MSc, Agnes van der Heide, MD, PhD, Astrid M. Vrakking, MSc, Bregje D. Onwuteaka-Philipsen, PhD, Paul J. van der Maas, MD, PhD, and Gerrit van der Wal, MD, PhD 17 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 12Page: 1008-1009KeywordsAsphyxiaDecision makingEnd of life careFearPalliative careSedationSuicide ePublished: 17 December 2002 Issue Published: 17 December 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Norepinephrine Increases Alveolar Fluid Reabsorption and Na,K-ATPase Activity
Authors: Zaher S. Azzam, Yochai Adir, Astrid Crespo, Alejandro Comellas, Emilia Lecuona, Laura A. Dada, Norberto Krivoy, David H. Rutschman, Jacob I. Sznajder, Karen M. Ridge
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether α-adrenergic receptor agonists have a role in alveolar fluid reabsorption, via Na,K-ATPase, in the alveolar epithelium. Alveolar fluid reabsorption increased approximately twofold with increasing concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) as compared with control rats. Treatment with the nonselective α-adrenergic receptor agonist, octopamine, and the specific α1 agonist, phenylephrine, increased alveolar fluid reabsorption by 54 and 40%, respectively, as compared with control. The specific α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, prazosin, inhibited the stimulatory effects of NE by approximately 30%, whereas α2-adrenergic antagonist, yohimbine, did not prevent the stimulatory effects of NE. The administration of ouabain, Na,K-ATPase inhibitor, prevented the NE-mediated increase in alveolar fluid reabsorption. In parallel with these changes, NE increased Na,K-ATPase activity and protein abundance in alveolar epithelial type II cells via the α1- and β-adrenergic receptor. We report here that NE increased alveolar fluid reabsorption via the activation of both α1- and β-adrenergic receptors, but not α2-adrenergic receptors. These effects are due to increased activity and abundance of the Na,K-ATPase in the basolateral membrane of ATII cells.
Association of hospital volume with readmission rates: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: L. I. Horwitz, Z. Lin, J. Herrin, S. Bernheim, E. E. Drye, H. M. Krumholz, J. S. Ross
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the association of hospital volume (a marker of quality of care) with hospital readmission rates. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cross-sectional study. <b>Setting</b> 4651US acute care hospitals. <b>Study data</b> 6 916 644 adult discharges, excluding patients receiving psychiatric or medical cancer treatment. <b>Main outcome measures</b> We used Medicare fee-for-service data from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012 to calculate observed-to-expected, unplanned, 30 day, standardized readmission rates for hospitals and for specialty cohorts medicine, surgery/gynecology, cardiorespiratory, cardiovascular, and neurology. We assessed the association of hospital volume by quintiles with 30 day, standardized readmission rates, with and without adjustment for hospital characteristics (safety net status, teaching status, geographic region, urban/rural status, nurse to bed ratio, ownership, and cardiac procedure capability. We also examined associations with the composite outcome of 30 day, standardized readmission or mortality rates. <b>Results</b> Mean 30 day, standardized readmission rate among the fifth of hospitals with the lowest volume was 14.7 (standard deviation 5.3) compared with 15.9 (1.7) among the fifth of hospitals with the highest volume (P&lt;0.001). We observed the same pattern of lower readmission rates in the lowest versus highest volume hospitals in the specialty cohorts for medicine (16.6 <i>v</i> 17.4, P&lt;0.001), cardiorespiratory (18.5 <i>v</i> 20.5, P&lt;0.001), and neurology (13.2 <i>v</i> 14.0, p=0.01) cohorts; the cardiovascular cohort, however, had an inverse association (14.6 <i>v</i> 13.7, P&lt;0.001). These associations remained after adjustment for hospital characteristics except in the cardiovascular cohort, which became non-significant, and the surgery/gynecology cohort, in which the lowest volume fifth of hospitals had significantly higher standardized readmission rates than the highest volume fifth (difference 0.63 percentage points (95% confidence interval 0.10 to 1.17), P=0.02). Mean 30 day, standardized mortality or readmission rate was not significantly different between highest and lowest volume fifths (20.4 <i>v</i> 20.2, P=0.19) and was highest in the middle fifth of hospitals (range 20.6–20.8). <b>Conclusions</b> Standardized readmission rates are lowest in the lowest volume hospitals—opposite from the typical association of greater hospital volume with better outcomes. This association was independent of hospital characteristics and was only partially attenuated by examining mortality and readmission together. Our findings suggest that readmissions are associated with different aspects of care than mortality or complications.
Metabolism of Tryptophan in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: I. M. Bett
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

Recently McMillan (1960) has reported the presence of increased amounts of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) in the urine of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.As shown in Fig. 1, 3HAA is a normal intermediate of tryptophan meta- bolism.McMillan found that excretion of this metabolite did not exceed 375 ,ug./day in normal subjects (mean 200 ,ug./day).In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the range extended to 2,250 on July 19,
Differential effects of fluticasone and montelukast on allergen‐induced asthma
Authors: M. Palmqvist, C. Bruce, M. Sjöstrand, P. Arvidsson, J. Lötvall
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Early asthmatic responses (EAR) and late asthmatic responses (LAR) to allergen are induced by the local release of a series of bronchoconstrictor mediators, including leukotrienes and histamine. Both anti‐leukotrienes and other anti‐asthma drugs, such as inhaled glucocorticoids, have been shown to reduce both EAR and LAR. The aim of the present study was to directly compare the effects of regular treatment with an oral anti‐leukotriene, montelukast (Mont; 10 mg once daily, for 8 days), and an inhaled glucocorticoid [fluticasone propionate (FP) 250 μ g twice daily for 8 days] on the EAR and LAR to an inhaled allergen challenge. Patients with a documented EAR and LAR at a screening visit were randomized to these treatments, or placebo, in a double‐blind, double‐dummy, crossover fashion. Allergen challenge at a dose causing both an EAR and LAR was given on the eighth day of treatment. The maximum fall in FEV 1 during the EAR was 17.8% during placebo treatment, 8.3% during Mont and 16.3% during FP ( P &lt; 0.05 for Mont vs placebo). The maximum fall during the EAR was 13.8% during placebo treatment, 11.8% during Mont and 2% during FP treatment ( P &lt; 0.05 for FP vs placebo and FP vs Mont). PC 20 methacholine was significantly higher 24 h after allergen challenge during FP‐treatment compared with Mont ( P &lt; 0.05). Both montelukast and fluticasone reduced the relative amount of sputum eosinophils after allergen compared with placebo treatment. This study shows that anti‐leukotrienes are effective to attenuate the EAR, whereas inhaled glucocorticoids are more effective than anti‐leukotrienes in attenuating the EARs and improves bronchial hyperresponsiveness to a greater extent. In conclusion, inhaled glucocorticoids have overall greater efficacy than oral anti‐leukotrienes to attenuate allergen‐induced airway responses in mild asthmatic patients.
Nongenomic, ER-Mediated Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase:
Authors: Michael E. Mendelsohn
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

The administration of estrogens in animals tends to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. [Therefore], attempts are being made in human males to prevent further progress of the disease in cases of angina or previous coronary thrombosis by long-range estrogen therapy. This work is in its infancy. It is hoped that, with further research, compounds might be found that eliminate the undesirable action of such hormones and yet retain its beneficial effects on arteries (Samuel A. Levine, 1958).