tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RENAL GLOMERULAR LESIONS INDUCED BY RABBIT ANTI-RAT COLLAGEN SERUM IN RATS PREPARED WITH ADJUVANT
Authors: Sidney Rothbard, Robert F. Watson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Renal glomerular lesions were induced by rabbit serum containing antibody to rat collagen injected intravenously into rats prepared with subcutaneously administered Freund adjuvant. Neither the anti-collagen serum nor the adjuvant alone induced the lesion. The lesions were characterized by diffuse glomerular injury with swelling, shredding, and fusion of the basement membranes, crescent formation, cellular proliferation, numerous multinuclear giant cells, and capillary hyaline thrombi. Various rabbit antisera, including those against fish collagen or rat serum failed to induce the renal lesion when substituted for anti-rat collagen serum. Also, anti-rat collagen serum absorbed with its homologous antigen, native rat collagen, failed to induce the lesion. Although complete adjuvant, i.e. with mycobacteria, in which normal serum was incorporated enhanced the glomerular lesion which resulted from intravenous injection of anti-collagen serum, the incomplete adjuvant without serum was sufficient. Comparison of the renal lesions induced by anti-collagen serum with nephrotoxic nephritis induced in rats by rabbit anti-kidney serum showed that they differ histologically. Also the antisera used to produce these two renal lesions differ immunologically. Antibodies to normal rabbit serum developed in rats injected intravenously with rabbit anti-rat collagen serum after preparation with adjuvant, but not when adjuvant was omitted. The pathogenesis of the renal injury is discussed as a manifestation of an antigen-antibody reaction, with nephritis occurring only after the adjuvant-stimulated antibody to the rabbit globulin has been formed in the rat and has reacted with the rabbit anti-rat collagen already fixed by its homologous antigen in the kidney.
Why Admit to a Mental Hospital?
Authors: I. Atkin
Journal: BMJ (1959)

COUGH MIXTURESBRMSH 293 has recently appeared in many cough mixtures.It is less toxic than codeine, has fewer side-effects, can be given in smaller dosage, and is no more likely to cause addiction; it probably represents a real advance in therapy.Pholcodine linctus (B.P.C.) is now in the B.N.F.Dihydrocodeinone bitartrate, prescribing of which is restricted by the Dangerous Drugs Act (D.D.A.), is altogether more powerful than codeine weight for weight, but should be used sparingly if addiction is to be avoided.Methadone (" physeptone "), while not an opium derivative, deserves special mention as a cough suppressant.It may be prescribed as methadone linctus (D.D.A., B.N.F.).Antispasnodics and Antihistamines Of the antispasmodics, strammonium, which relies for its effect upon hyoscyamine and atropine, is falling into disfavour.Ephedrine is still very much to the fore, and many modifications such as desoxy-and phenyl- ephedrine HC1 and ephedrine combined with resins are being introduced.It is certainly an efficient anti- spasmodic, but may cause thumping of the heart, faintness, and sleeplessness.Theophylline and theo- phylline ethylene diamine (aminophylline) are steadily gaining in popularity.Until recently, they have really been effective only when injected intravenously or inserted as a suppository, but oxytriphylline, or choline theophyllinate (" choledyl "), seems to be almost as good when taken by mouth.The limiting factor in dosage is gastric irritation, but 200 mg. of choline theophyllinate thrice daily is usually tolerated for long periods and twice the dose for a few days.These drugs are rarely given singly for the relief of cough, though they are often.prescribed in cough mixtures, tablets, and sprays.A recently advertised spray contains ephedrine, hydrocortisone, an anti- histamine, neomycin (to combat Gram-positive bacteria), and polymyxin B (to combat Gram-negative bacteria), and a tablet contains a barbiturate, ipecacuanha, ephedrine, caffeine, and aminophylline, with a view to producing mental sedation, decongestion.expectoration, and bronchodilatation.Such polypharmacy may be deplored, but at least most of the ingredients are known to have beneficial effects when properly used.They may alleviate cough among other symptoms in minor acute respiratory infections, which are by nature of short duration.
The future of female doctors
Authors: G. Winyard
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Reconstructing the history of somatic DNA alterations that occurred in a tumour can help understand its evolution and predict its resistance to treatment. Single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNAseq) can be used to investigate clonal heterogeneity and to inform phylogeny reconstruction. However, existing phylogenetic methods for scDNAseq data are designed either for point mutations or for large copy number variations, but not for both types of events simultaneously. Here, we develop COMPASS, a computational method for inferring the joint phylogeny of mutations and copy number alterations from targeted scDNAseq data. We evaluate COMPASS on simulated data and show that it outperforms existing methods. We apply COMPASS to a large cohort of 123 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and detect copy number alterations, including subclonal ones, which are in agreement with current knowledge of AML development. We further used bulk SNP array data to orthogonally validate or findings.
Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis
Authors: José M. de la Torre-Hernández, Fernando Alfonso, Felipe Hernández, Jaime Elizaga, Marcelo Sanmartin, Eduardo Pinar, Iñigo Lozano, Jose M. Vazquez, Javier Botas, Armando Perez de Prado, Jose M. Hernández, Juan Sanchis, Juan M. Ruiz Nodar, Alfredo Gomez-Jaume, Mariano Larman, Jose A. Diarte, Javier Rodríguez-Collado, Jose R. Rumoroso, Jose R. Lopez-Minguez, Josepa Mauri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Megaloblastic Anaemia Alternating with Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: J. N. M. Chalmers, W. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Although this is apparently a simple method there was a great deal of operator variation, and further investigations into the technical factors affecting the results of multiple-puncture vaccination need to be carried out in the hope of modifying this technique to make the results comparable with those produced by intradermal vaccination.We thank Dr. Arnold Brown, Medical Officer of
Cellular and molecular effects of developmental exposure to diethylstilbestrol: implications for other environmental estrogens.
Authors: R Newbold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Concerns have been raised regarding the role of environmental and dietary estrogens as possible contributors to an increased incidence of various abnormalities in estrogen-target tissues of both sexes. These abnormalities include breast cancer, endometriosis, fibroids, and uterine adenocarcinoma in females, as well as alterations in sex differentiation, decreased sperm concentrations, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic cancer, testicular cancer, and reproductive problems in males. Whether these concerns are valid remains to be determined; however, studies with the potent synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) suggest that exogenous estrogen exposure during critical stages of development can result in permanent cellular and molecular alterations in the exposed organism. These alterations manifest themselves in the female and male as structural, functional, or long-term pathological changes including neoplasia. Although DES has potent estrogenic activity, it may be used as a model compound to study the effects of weaker environmental estrogens, many of which may fit into the category of endocrine disruptors.
Treatment of Seasonal and Perennial Rhinitis with Intranasal Flunisolide
Authors: Paul C. Turkeltaub, Phillip S. Norman, Jerry D. Johnson, Seymor Crepea
Journal: Allergy (1982)

Flunisolide (F). a potent fluorinated corticosteroid or its propylene/polyethylene glycol vehicle (V) were intranasally administered to 50 patients with ragweed hayfever and 75 patients with perennial rhinitis. Each patient was randomly assigned in a double‐blind manner an indistinguishable metered pump spray device containing either F or V. Each hayfever patient administered two pulls in each nostril b.i.d. Each perennial rhinitis patient administered two puffs in each nostril t.i.d. Each puff of E contained 25 μg V. Hayfever and perennial rhinitis patients inhaling F demonstrated significantly lower symptom scores compared to their V controls. Skin test positive patients with perennial rhinitis inhaling F demonstrated significantly larger reductions in symptom scores and significandy greater subjective control of symptoms compared to their V controls than their skin test negative counterparts inhaling F and V. Morning plasma cortisol measured prior to and at the end of 1 month and 3 months of F revealed no significant diminution in cortisol level compared to patients inhaling V. No long‐term adverse local or systemic steroid effects attributable to E were observed. Flunisolide spray is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of seasonal and perennial rhinitis.
Quantitative Grading of Nerve Fiber Layer Photographs
Authors: Harry A. Quigley, Mark Reacher, Joanne Katz, Ellen Strahlman, Donna Gilbert, Rachel Scott
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)

Purpose: The authors have developed a simple method for semi-quantitative grading of atrophy of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer (NFL) in black and white photographs. Methods: An experienced observer read sets of NFL photographs using a four-level grading system. Five observers with varying levels of experience at ophthalmic examination were taught the grading system in approximately 4 hours, and their readings were compared with those of the expert. Results: The reproducibility of readings by an experienced observer was excellent. The validity of the grading system was confirmed by comparisons to visual field findings, as well as to cup-to-disc ratios in the same eyes. The agreement with the expert by the five trained graders was good. Conclusions: Grading of the NFL could be useful both to monitor development of early glaucoma damage clinically and to measure progression of glaucoma damage in clinical trials research. The grading system can be taught readily to other observers. Purpose: The authors have developed a simple method for semi-quantitative grading of atrophy of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer (NFL) in black and white photographs. Methods: An experienced observer read sets of NFL photographs using a four-level grading system. Five observers with varying levels of experience at ophthalmic examination were taught the grading system in approximately 4 hours, and their readings were compared with those of the expert. Results: The reproducibility of readings by an experienced observer was excellent. The validity of the grading system was confirmed by comparisons to visual field findings, as well as to cup-to-disc ratios in the same eyes. The agreement with the expert by the five trained graders was good. Conclusions: Grading of the NFL could be useful both to monitor development of early glaucoma damage clinically and to measure progression of glaucoma damage in clinical trials research. The grading system can be taught readily to other observers.
The Imprint of Intrathymic Self-Peptides on the Mature T Cell Receptor Repertoire
Authors: Derek B Sant'Angelo, P.Greg Waterbury, Beth E Cohen, W.David Martin, Luc Van Kaer, Adrian C Hayday, Charles A Janeway
Journal: Immunity (1997)

The analysis of T cell receptor alpha (TCR alpha) chains in mice transgenic for a TCR beta chain has allowed us to demonstrate a central role for self-peptides in the positive intrathymic selection of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted T cells. Analysis of specific V alpha-J alpha joins in mature CD4+ TCRhigh thymocytes and in peripheral CD4+ T cells revealed a limitation in amino-acid sequences. By analysis of immature thymocytes, we could show that this limited repertoire was selected from a more diverse repertoire. By analysis of the same beta chain-transgenic mice bred to H-2Ma-deficient mice that express one or a very limited number of peptides, we could demonstrate that the V alpha-J alpha join repertoire was now altered and much more limited. Together, these data provide molecular and genetic evidence that the intrathymic positive selection of the TCR repertoire is critically affected by self-peptides presented by MHC class II molecules, most likely on thymic cortical epithelial cells.
Surgically Resected Isolated Hepatic Metastasis from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Kyu-Sik Kim, Kook-Joo Na, Yun-Hyeon Kim, Sung-Ja Ahn, Hee-Seung Bom, Chol-Kyoon Cho, Hyun-Jong Kim, Yu-Il Kim, Sung-Chul Lim, Soo-Ock Kim, In-Jae Oh, Sang-Yun Song, Chan Choi, Young-Chul Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Thickness of Subcutaneous Fat and Activity of Underlying Muscles
Authors: GRANT GWINUP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

In order to subject the concept of "spot reduction" to critical examination we have compared the circumference and the thickness of subcutaneous fat at specific sites over the right and left arms of a group of tennis players. There was a mean difference in circumference of 2.25 cm between hypertrophied and less active forearms of male tennis players and a 1.15 cm difference between hypertrophied and opposite forearms of female tennis players. The difference in circumference of the upper arms was 0.95 cm in men and 1.05 cm in women. These values were significantly different from those of control subjects. There was, however, no significant difference in the thickness of subcutaneous fat over the muscles of the arm receiving more exercise as compared to the arm receiving less exercise. These studies provide direct evidence against the validity of the concept of "spot reduction."
Relational language supports relational cognition in humans and apes
Authors: Dedre Gentner, Stella Christie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract We agree with Penn et al. that our human cognitive superiority derives from our exceptional relational ability. We far exceed other species in our ability to grasp analogies and to combine relations into higher-order structures (Gentner 2003). However, we argue here that possession of an elaborated symbol system – such as human language – is necessary to make our relational capacity operational.
Rationale for and Design of the National Eye Institute Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study
Authors: George O. Waring, Steven D. Moffitt, Henry Gelender, Peter R. Laibson, Richard L. Lindstrom, William D. Myers, Stephen A. Obstbaum, J. James Rowsey, Aran Safir, David J. Schanzlin, Linda B. Bourque
Journal: Ophthalmology (1983)
Vitamin K, Prothrombin and γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid
Authors: Johan Stenflo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Blood coagulation is a series of enzymatic reactions that sequentially convert zymogens of proteolytic enzymes to the corresponding active forms. The reaction sequence, termed waterfall or cascade reaction, ultimately leads to thrombin generation from prothrombin, with subsequent conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.1 Four of the zymogens require vitamin K for normal biosynthesis, prothrombin (factor II), factor VII, factor IX and factor X. The active forms of these enzymes are serine endopeptidases phylogenetically closely related to pancreatic serine enzymes like trypsin but with a very narrow substrate specificity —i.e., active factor X cleaves only two peptide bonds in prothrombin. Activation of . . .
D6 facilitates cellular migration and fluid flow to lymph nodes by suppressing lymphatic congestion
Authors: Kit Ming Lee, Clive S. McKimmie, Derek S. Gilchrist, Kenneth J. Pallas, Robert J. Nibbs, Paul Garside, Victoria McDonald, Christopher Jenkins, Richard Ransohoff, LiPing Liu, Simon Milling, Vuk Cerovic, Gerard J. Graham
Journal: Blood (2011)
Medical Uses of Statistics
Authors: Mark L. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Health care personnel are often placed in the uncomfortable position of being thoroughly knowledgeable about a journal article's content but confused about the statistical techniques used. Sometimes the reader is even unsure as to whether the author's conclusion can be drawn from the data shown: "What are these eponymous techniques, and are they completely unimpeachable?" The time-honored solution of busy professionals is to purchase an appropriate book. A good choice is the second edition of<i>Medical Uses of Statistics</i>, a collection of articles reviewing statistics from a practical point of view. The book has 23 chapters in five sections covering broad concepts of statistics, experimental design, techniques of data analysis, guidelines for communicating research results, and reviews and meta-studies. Eighteen of the 23 chapters have been published previously, 14 in<i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. Some readers might be reluctant to buy a book when 78% of it (18/23)
Does stopping smoking delay onset of angina after infarction?
Authors: L E Daly, I M Graham, N Hickey, R Mulcahy
Journal: BMJ (1985)

This study was designed to determine the relation between stopping smoking and angina after infarction in survivors of an acute coronary attack. The study population comprised 408 men aged under 60 who survived a first attack of unstable angina or myocardial infarction by 28 days and were smoking cigarettes at the time of their attack. These patients were followed up for an average of nine years. Three hundred and eighty four were alive at the one year follow up examination, when the presence or absence of angina together with habits of smoking were recorded. The prevalence of angina at one year was 19.5% in the 241 who had stopped smoking cigarettes compared with 32.2% in those who had continued (p less than 0.01). Six years later, however, the prevalence of angina after infarction was the same in the two groups. It is concluded that the onset of angina after infarction can be delayed by stopping smoking cigarettes but that this effect is not maintained in the long term.
Amyloid arthropathy in patients undergoing periodical haemodialysis for chronic renal failure: a new complication.
Authors: J Munoz-Gomez, E Bergada-Barado, R Gomez-Perez, E Llopart-Buisan, E Subias-Sobrevia, J Rotes-Querol, M Sole-Arques
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Seven patients (five male and two female) with chronic renal failure (CRF) treated by periodical haemodialysis presented with swelling and effusion of more than three months' duration in knees (four bilateral), shoulders (two, one of them bilateral), elbow (one), and ankle (one). Four had a carpal tunnel syndrome both clinically and electromyographically (three bilateral). All patients had hyperparathyroidism secondary to their CRF, which was not due to amyloidosis in any of them. The dialysis duration period varied from five to 14 years, with an average of 8.6 years. Amyloid deposits (Congo red positive areas with green birefringence under polarising microscopy) were shown in six of the seven synovial biopsy specimens of the knee, in five of the sediments of the synovial fluids, and in specimens removed during carpal tunnel syndrome surgery. No amyloid was found in the biopsy specimen of abdominal fat of six of the patients. The finding of amyloid only in the synovial membrane and fluid, and carpal tunnel, its absence in abdominal fat, and the lack of other manifestations of generalised amyloidosis (cardiomyopathy, malabsorption syndrome, macroglossia, etc.) and of Bence Jones myeloma (protein immunoelectrophoresis normal) raises the possibility that this is a form of amyloidosis which is peculiar to CRF treated by periodical haemodialysis.
Ability of Lipid Accumulation Product to Identify Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Men From Buenos Aires
Authors: Mariana L. Tellechea, Florencia Aranguren, María T. Martínez-Larrad, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, Mariano J. Taverna, Gustavo D. Frechtel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors associated with insulin resistance, which predisposes individuals to diabetes, and appears to be a multifactorial risk factor for cardiovascular disease, although its clinical significance remains controversial (1). Since it may become useful to be able to predict who will develop metabolic syndrome, we explored the value of lipid accumulation product (LAP), a novel index of central lipid accumulation, which has been associated with cardiovascular disease (2) and diabetes (3). LAP is based on a combination of waist circumference and triglyceride: \[LAP = (WC − 65) × TG for men and (WC − 58) × TG for women\] (2), where TG is triglyceride and WC is waist circumference.

We conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey on metabolic syndrome in Argentinian healthy individuals in order to identify single …
Electrophysiologic Remodeling of the Left Ventricle in Pressure Overload-Induced Right Ventricular Failure
Authors: Maxim Hardziyenka, Maria E. Campian, Arie O. Verkerk, Sulaiman Surie, Antoni C.G. van Ginneken, Sara Hakim, André C. Linnenbank, H.A.C.M. Rianne de Bruin-Bon, Leander Beekman, Mart N. van der Plas, Carol A. Remme, Toon A.B. van Veen, Paul Bresser, Jacques M.T. de Bakker, Hanno L. Tan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Lifestyle, weight history, nutrition and breast cancer among non-gene carriers: a case-control study.
Authors: P Ghadirian, V Bissonauth, C Maugard, A Robidoux, SA Narod
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6084 We conducted a nested case-control study of 280 French-Canadian women with breast cancer who were non-gene carriers (BRCA) and 280 women without cancer who were also non-gene carriers. A validated lifestyle questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire were administered to obtain relevant information. It was found that age at the time the subjects reached maximum body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with breast cancer risk [OR=2.83; 95% CI: (2.34-2.81)]. In addition, a significant association was noted between maximum weight gain at age 20 years [OR=1.68; 95% CI: (1.10-2.58)], 30 years [OR=1.96; 95% CI: (1.46-3.06)], and 40 years [OR=2.50; 95% CI: (1.72-3.97)] and breast cancer risk. Women who smoked more than 9 pack-years of cigarettes had a higher risk of breast cancer [OR=1.59; 95% CI: (1.57-2.87)]. Subjects who engaged in moderate physical activity had a 52% decreased risk of breast cancer [OR=0.48; 95% CI: (0.31-0.74)], but this was not evident for vigorous physical activity. It was observed that total energy intake was significantly associated with breast cancer risk [OR=2.54; 95% CI: (1.67-3.84)]. Women who drank more than 8 cups of coffee per day had 40% more chance of developing breast cancer [OR=1.40 (95% CI: (1.09-2.24)]. Subjects who consumed more than 9 grams of alcohol (ethanol) per day had the highest risk of breast cancer [OR=1.55 (95% CI: (1.02-2.37)]. None of the other nutrients and dietary components was significantly associated with non-gene carrier breast cancer risk. This study suggests that BMI, maximum weight gain during the second, third and fourth decades, smoking, total energy intake, and high intake of both alcohol and coffee may increase the risk of breast cancer among non-gene carrier French-Canadian women, while moderate physical activities may reduce the risk. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6084.