tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic and biochemical characterization of waxy mutants in cereals.
Authors: E Amano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

During fine structure analyses of artificially induced waxy mutants in maize by use of Nelson's pollen analysis methods, it was noticed that some mutants showed a phenotype intermediate between waxy and normal nonwaxy. Such intermediate or leaky waxy mutants were frequent among mutants induced by a chemical mutagen, EMS. They seemed to be located evenly within the waxy locus. This would suggest that they might have been missense mutations, which would produce full-sized but partially inactivated enzymes, rather than deletions or frameshift mutations. To confirm the intermediate phenotype, a rapid measuring system was developed to measure waxiness of endosperm quantitatively. It was based on the blue value method and is applicable to a single grain of rice. Among the 27 waxy mutant lines of maize, including 11 EMS-induced, two of the EMS-induced mutants were clearly intermediate. Eighteen EMS induced wx mutants of rice were also examined, and nine were intermediate.
Leukocyte Migration Inhibition with Epstein‐Barr Virus Negative and Positive Cell Extracts
Authors: R. Szigeti, L. Timár, T. Révész
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Leukocyte migration inhibition of seronegative and seropositive healthy children and that of patients with infectious mononucleosis was studied in the presence of EBV‐negative and ‐positive cell extracts. Seronegative children showed no alteration of the leukocyte migration in the presence of the extracts. EBV‐positive cell extracts caused significant migration inhibition in the group of seropositive healthy children and of IM patients. The effect was specific, since the EBV‐negative cell extract had no inhibitory effect. In the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis a depressed response was observed, while after recovery the same migration inhibition could be detected. The possible cause of the depressed cell‐mediated immune response in the acute phase of the disease is discussed.
Inflammatory cytokines in cystic fibrosis lungs.
Authors: T L Bonfield, J R Panuska, M W Konstan, K A Hilliard, J B Hilliard, H Ghnaim, M Berger
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Chronic pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa continues to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Several characteristics of CF, including the excessive influx of neutrophils into the airways, cachexia, and hyperglobulinemia, could reflect the effects of cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). We hypothesized that these pro-inflammatory cytokines, produced by alveolar macrophages in response to pseudomonas and/or other microorganisms, promote the destructive inflammatory process in the lung. We evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and BAL macrophages from 22 CF patients and 13 healthy control (HC) subjects, measuring soluble TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 and the regulatory molecules TNF soluble receptor (TNF-sR), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and IL-10 (cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor). Levels of the proinflammatory cytokines were higher in CF versus HC BAL (p < or = 0.05 for IL-1, TNF, and IL-8; p = 0.06 for IL-6). In contrast, HC BAL contained significantly more IL-10 than CF BAL (p < 0.05), but TNF-sR and IL-1Ra were similar. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated a higher percentage of CF than control BAL macrophages expressing intracellular cytokines (p < 0.05). Thus, enhanced macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased production of the regulatory molecule IL-10 may have important roles in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease.
Lymphocyte activation by streptococcal antigens in psoriasis
Authors: W.L. GROSS, U. PACKHAUSER, G. HAHN, E. WESTPHAL, E. CHRISTOPHERS, M. SCHLAAK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Cell-mediated immune responses in 28 hospitalized patients with psoriasis and in 36 healthy controls were studied using the two-step leukocyte migration agarose test. Specific cell-mediated immunity to A-streptococcal cell wall and cell membrane antigens occurred significantly more often in patients with psoriasis than in the control group. A statistically significant correlation between psoriasis-associated antigens of the HLA-B locus and cellular immune reactivity to A-streptococcal antigens or clinical course was not found. When patients with guttate psoriasis were compared separately with the control group, leukocyte migration inhibition induced by cell-free supernatants of A-streptococcal antigen-exposed mononuclear cell cultures was found to be more frequent than in other forms of psoriasis.
Effect of Prolonged Treatment with Hypotensive Drugs on Renal Function in Hypertension
Authors: J. Mackinnon, J. D. S. Hammond
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Changes in the renal circulation in most subjects with essential hypertension long precede impairment of renal function (Goldring and Chasis, 1944).Early changes consist of a moderate reduction in effective renal bloodflow (E.R.B.F.) and of a smaller fall in glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.).Later, E.R
Telmisartan inhibits vasoconstriction via PPARγ-dependent expression and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Chi Yung Yuen, Wing Tak Wong, Xiao Yu Tian, Siu Ling Wong, Chi Wai Lau, Jun Yu, Brian Tomlinson, Xiaoqiang Yao, Yu Huang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimsTelmisartan activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in addition to serving as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker. The PPARγ activity of telmisartan on resistance arteries has remained largely unknown. The present study investigated the hypothesis that telmisartan inhibited vascular tension in mouse mesenteric resistance arteries, which was attributed to an increased nitric oxide (NO) production through the PPARγ-dependent augmentation of expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).
The Emphysema Response to Forced Straining (Valsalva's Maneuver)
Authors: HAROLD MILLS, ALBERT A. KATTUS
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Changes in arterial pressure were recorded during and after forced straining (Valsalva's maneuver) in 29 patients with emphysema. The response in these patients differed greatly from that found in normal subjects and in patients with cardiac disease. Additional physiologic data did not serve to define the mechanisms of this unique response in emphysema to forced straining.
Thyroid Autoimmunity at Onset of Type 1 Diabetes as a Predictor of Thyroid Dysfunction
Authors: Gemma Carreras-González, Antonio Pérez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We appreciate Warren and Frier’s (1) interest in our article (2). Unfortunately, we cannot calculate the predictive value of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level at diabetes onset in our cohort because this determination is not available for all patients. The fact that the high-normal TSH level was more predictive of thyroid …
Multiple Book Review of<i>Speech perception by ear and eye: A paradigm for psychological inquiry</i>
Authors: Dominic W. Massaro
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1989)

Abstract This book is about the processing of information in face-to-face communication when a speaker makes both audible and visible information available to a perceiver. Both auditory and visual sources of information are evaluated and integrated to achieve speech perception. The evaluation of the information source provides information about the strength of alternative interpretations, rather than just all-or-none categorical information, as claimed by “categorical perception” theory. Information sources are evaluated independently; the integration process insures that the least ambiguous sources have the most influences on the judgment. Similar processes occur in a variety of other behaviors, ranging from personality judgments and categorization to sentence interpretation and decision making. The experimental results are consistent with a fuzzy logical model of perception, positing three operations in perceptual (primary) recognition: feature evaluation, feature integration, and pattern classification. Continuously valued features are first evaluated, then integrated and matched against prototype descriptions in memory; finally, an identification decision is made on the basis of the relative goodness-of-match of the stimulus information with the relevant prototype descriptions.
Bilateral Prophylactic Oophorectomy and Ovarian Cancer Screening Following <i>BRCA1/BRCA2</i> Mutation Testing
Authors: Marc D. Schwartz, Elizabeth Kaufman, Beth N. Peshkin, Claudine Isaacs, Chanita Hughes, Tiffani DeMarco, Clinton Finch, Caryn Lerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Despite the widespread availability of genetic testing for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, little is known about the impact of testing on ovarian cancer prevention and screening. For mutation testing to effect cancer mortality, positive test results must be followed by appropriate behavior change. In this study, we prospectively examined the impact of BRCA1/2 testing on the utilization of prophylactic oophorectomy and ovarian cancer screening. Participants and Methods: Participants were 289 high-risk women who underwent genetic counseling and testing for alterations in the BRCA1/2 genes. We measured self-reported receipt of bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy (BPO) and utilization of CA-125 and transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) in the year following testing, and examined the impact of test results on these outcomes. In addition, we examined the role of sociodemographic, medical, family history, and psychological variables on the receipt of BPO, CA-125, and TVU. Results: Twenty-seven percent of mutation carriers, 5% of uninformative patients, and 2% of noncarriers received a BPO in the year following testing. In addition to test results, perceived risk for ovarian cancer and family history of ovarian cancer independently predicted receipt of BPO. The receipt of a positive test result was associated with increased utilization of CA-125 and TVU. Additional predictors included perceived risk for ovarian cancer (both CA-125 and TVU) and state anxiety (CA-125). Conclusion: These results demonstrate the significant behavioral impact of receiving a positive BRCA1/2 test result. The increased rate of oophorectomy among mutation carriers suggests that testing for BRCA1/2 mutations may ultimately impact ovarian cancer mortality.
Inhibitory effects of rapamycin on intimal hyperplasia after PTCA in the porcine coronary model: a 3-month follow-up
Authors: J.J. Badimon, A. Padurean, M. Roque, R. Gallo, J. Fallon, J.H. Chesebro, V. Fuster
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Annular tears in the dorsolumbar spine.
Authors: R C Hilton, J Ball, R T Benn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

As part of a systemic study of the spine between D11 and S1 the distribution and severity of anterior and posterior annular tears has been assessed by charting the tears in sagittal slabs of 117 fresh specimens. No significant sex difference was seen. The number of cases with tears in multiple discs increases with age, but exceptions to this trend occurred in both young and elderly spines. Age adjusted correlation coefficients indicate that anterior and posterior tears at L4 and L5 do not predict tears at other levels. At L3 and above, significant positive correlations occur between multiple disc levels, particularly posteriorly. In patients 50o year old or more the mean anterior tear score rises sharply from L5 to peak at L2 and L1, but, in contrast, the mean posterior tear score falls from L4 to L1 in this age group. The increase in severity of anterior tears corresponds with increased mobility in the L4-L1 disc from 50-70 years. The data are compatible with 2 factors causing tears. One affects L4 and L5 in young adults and is possibly mechanical in nature; the second operates at a later age, promotes widespread disc involvement, and is primarily degenerative in nature. The increased prevalence and severity of anterior tears (and the associated increase in mobility) in the upper lumbar region in the middle aged and elderly may be a pathogenic factor in back pain for this age group.
Testing times for HIV
Authors: J. Weber, R. Tatoud
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Multiple strategies are needed to reach the HIV infected, undiagnosed population

Vaccines are key instruments of public health through which infectious diseases are controlled, but no vaccine is yet on the horizon to prevent HIV infection and control the epidemic, now in its fourth decade. So other, less tried, routes need to be pursued. There is a single example in global public health of the elimination of an infectious disease at a continental level without a vaccine—that of the control of the endemic trepanematoses (yaws, bejel, and pinta) through active case finding and widespread use of benzathine penicillin.1 For antiretroviral therapy to be similarly successful, ever larger proportions of the HIV positive population will need to be identified. This relies on enhanced HIV testing, and in a linked article (doi:10.1136/bmj.f5086), Read and colleagues investigate whether the provision of home HIV testing to men who have sex with men attending a health service would increase their frequency of HIV testing over time.2 

Antiretroviral therapy, which has transformed the lives of HIV infected patients, is now the focus of intense investigation as a preventive agent, with strategies for both infected and uninfected populations. But can antiretroviral therapy control the HIV epidemic …
Diagnostic Imperatives: The Timely Detection of Treatable Disease
Authors: John J. Massarelli
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The stated purpose of this book is to alert clinicians to the early recognition of "diagnostic imperatives," defined by the authors as those diseases that, when untreated, lead rapidly to severe disability or death, but that, when appropriately treated, can be cured or reversed. I think that the book is successful. The first chapter on routine health examinations adds nothing to the book, despite the attempted justification. Chapter 2 is a fine homily on clinical judgment by Proger and serves as an excellent introduction. Each of the remaining 11 chapters concerns one subspecialty of medicine and is written by an expert in that field. All but one of the experts are Boston-based. (The exception is from the University of Massachusetts Medical School.) The chapter on "Clues to the Diagnosis of Treatable Heart Disease" by Criscitiello is one of the best and is typical in its organization. A few introductory paragraphs
P04.06 * TERT PROMOTER MUTATIONS CONTRIBUTE TO SUBSET PROGNOSTICATION OF LOWER GRADE GLIOMAS
Authors: A. K. Chan, Y. Yao, Z. Zhang, N. Y. Chung, K. K. Li, D. T. Chan, W. S. Poon, L. Zhou, H. K. Ng
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Recurrent mutations in the promoter region of TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) have been found in various cancers including diffuse gliomas. Mutations lead to TERT upregulation and are associated with aggressive clinical behaviour in glioblastomas. However, the clinical significance of TERT promoter mutations in lower grade gliomas remains undetermined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the status of TERT promoter and the respective prognostic significance in a cohort of 181 lower grade gliomas comprising grades II and III astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. Mutually exclusive mutations in TERT promoter, C228T and C250T, were identified in 12/89 (14%) diffuse astrocytomas, 8/23 (35%) anaplastic astrocytomas, 13/18 (72%) oligodendrogliomas, 3/3 (100%) anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 17/45 (38%) oligoastrocytomas and 2/3 (67%) anaplastic oligoastrocytomas. Mutations co-occurred with 1p/19q codeletion (p < 0.001), IDH mutation (p = 0.025) and are associated with oligodendroglial histology (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier's survival analysis showed that TERT promoter mutation (p = 0.017), IDH mutation (p = 0.004) and 1p/19q codeletion (p < 0.001) were associated with favorable overall survival. In the subset of 90 IDH mutated lower grade gliomas lacking 1p/19q codeletion, 16 TERT promoter mutated tumors exhibited longer overall survival (p = 0.017). Consistent with this observation, in the subset of 71 IDH mutated astrocytomas, 11 TERT promoter mutated tumors showed longer progression-free survival (p = 0.003) and overall survival (p = 0.005). In contrast, among the subset of 46 IDH wild type lower grade gliomas, TERT promoter mutation was associated with shorter progression-free survival (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.001). Similarly, in the subset of 37 IDH wild type lower grade gliomas with intact 1p/19q, 8 TERT promoter mutated tumors exhibited unfavorable progression-free survival (p = 0.005) and overall survival (p = 0.008). Our results indicate that when combined with IDH status, TERT promoter mutation contributes to prognostic subgroups of lower grade astrocytic tumors or 1p/19q intact lower grade gliomas and this may further refine future molecular classification of lower grade gliomas.
An unusual cause of intractable vomiting after cisplatin chemotherapy
Authors: M. Storr, B. Göke, H. Diepolder
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 59-year-old woman with advanced cervical carcinoma presented to us with intractable vomiting, 8 weeks after receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed mild duodenitis and an obstructive adhesion in the distal duodenum (Figure [1]) The adhesion was disrupted by the passage of the endoscope and the patient’s symptoms promptly resolved.
Skin Cancer Occurring 10 Years after the Extravasation of Doxorubicin
Authors: Richard Lauvin, Laurent Miglianico, René Hellegouarc'h
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: The potential for cancer to develop at the sites of chronic wounds was described in 1828 by Marjolin.1 We report a skin cancer in a 58-year-old woman at the site of the extravasation of doxorubicin, 10 years after the drug was administered. The patient underwent total gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma in 1982. The tumor involved the serous membrane of the stomach and two lymph nodes. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin (50 mg per square meter of body-surface area on day 1), mitomycin (10 mg per square meter on day 2), and fluorouracil (400 mg per square meter on . . .
Electrocardiograms of Ninety Patients with Acrosclerosis and Progressive Diffuse Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Authors: JOHN H. WINDESHEIM, THOMAS W. PARKIN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The records of all patients with scleroderma seen at the Mayo Clinic during the years 1949 through 1953 were reviewed. There were 90 who had electrocardiograms available for study. The diagnosis in 63 patients was acrosclerosis and 27 were diagnosed as having progressive diffuse sclerosis.
Induction of the insulin proreceptor by hydrocortisone in cultured lymphocytes (IM-9 line).
Authors: D G Rouiller, A McElduff, J A Hedo, P Gorden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Hydrocortisone increases the number of insulin receptors at the surface of human cultured lymphocytes (IM-9 line) without altering the degradation of the mature receptor subunits. To elucidate the effect of glucocorticoids on the biosynthesis of the insulin receptor of IM-9 cells, we preincubated cells in the presence or absence of hydrocortisone (1.4 X 10(-6) M) and measured the incorporation of radiolabeled sugars into the insulin receptor components. From 6 to 22 h, there was a progressive increase in the incorporation of [3H]mannose into the insulin proreceptor (190,000 mol wt) and the mature subunits (210,000, 135,000, and 95,000 mol wt). The amount incorporated into hydrocortisone-treated cells was always three to four times higher than in control cells, despite no change in cell number, viability, or radioactive sugar pool. To test directly the earliest effect of hydrocortisone, we undertook pulse-chase studies. The incorporation of [3H]mannose into the insulin receptor precursor and the mature subunits was detectable as early as 30 min of chase and was two to three times higher in hydrocortisone-treated cells at any time point of incubation. In both groups, the increase into the proreceptor (190,000 mol wt) peaked by 60 min and decreased rapidly thereafter (half disappearance rate, 45 min); there was a sustained increase of incorporation into the two major mature subunits (135,000 and 95,000 mol wt) throughout the 4-h chase. Hydrocortisone represents the first pharmacologic agent shown to induce the synthesis of the insulin proreceptor. Further, we present a model system designed to study other agents that may act at a very early step in insulin receptor biosynthesis.
Travel and ischaemic heart disease.
Authors: T W Davies
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The hypothesis that travel precipitates acute ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was tested in a case-control study of holidaymakers admitted to hospital in Great Yarmouth. The distance that patients with IHD had travelled to reach Great Yarmouth was on average greater than that travelled by patients with other diseases. I conclude that the greater distances travelled by patients with IHD may have helped to precipitate the attack.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013
Authors: M G Hemida, R A Perera, P Wang, M A Alhammadi, L Y Siu, M Li, L L Poon, L Saif, A Alnaeem, M Peiris
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

In Saudi Arabia, including regions of Riyadh and Al Ahsa, pseudoparticle neutralisation (ppNT) and microneutralisation (MNT) tests detected no antibodies to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in sheep (n= 100), goats (n= 45), cattle (n= 50) and chickens (n= 240). Dromedary camels however, had a high prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infected sera from cattle had no cross-reactivity in MERS-CoV ppNT or MNT, while many dromedary camels’ sera reacted to both BCoV and MERS-CoV. Some nevertheless displayed specific serologic reaction profiles to MERS-CoV.
Electropermeabilization: Getting inside the cell to study autophagy
Authors: Kiyoshi Yamazaki, Nicholas F. Larusso
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Electropermeabilisation—i.e. subjecting cells to a short series of high-voltage pulses—has been used to make isolated rat hepatocytes transiently permeable to small molecules. The permeabilised cells can be loaded with [14C]sucrose at 0°C and resealed by a brief incubation at 37°C. The electrical treatment does not impair cellular function, since autophagic sequestration of sucrose occurs at the same rate as in untreated cells. The latter are permeable to sucrose immediately after isolation, due to the presence of hyperpermeable surface blebs similar to those formed in response to electrical treatment. In order to separate [14C]sucrose-sequestering organelles from cytosol, the cells are broken up by electrodisruption—i.e. a single high-voltage pulse given in a non-ionic medium (isotonic sucrose)— and the resulting cell corpses are sedimented through a dense metrizamide/sucrose cushion to form a cytosol-free pellet containing intact lyso-somes. Since mitochondria also take up sucrose, the radioactivity in autophagosomes/lysosomes must be selectively extracted with a low concentration of digitonin. The resulting procedure provides a specific bioassay of autophagic sequestration. The sequestration is virtually completely inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, and at temperatures below 20°C. The sequestration step is energy-dependent, and can probably account for the known energy requirement of autophagic-lysosomal protein degradation.