tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-29b suppresses tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by regulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression
Authors: Jian-Hong Fang, Hui-Chao Zhou, Chunxian Zeng, Jine Yang, Yinglin Liu, Xiuzhi Huang, Jing-Ping Zhang, Xin-Yuan Guan, Shi-Mei Zhuang
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascularized tumor with frequent intrahepatic metastasis. Active angiogenesis and metastasis are responsible for rapid recurrence and poor survival of HCC. We previously found that microRNA-29b (miR-29b) down-regulation was significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival of HCC patients. Therefore, the role of miR-29b in tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis was further investigated in this study using in vitro capillary tube formation and transwell assays, in vivo subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft mouse models, and Matrigel plug assay, and human HCC samples. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that miR-29b dramatically suppressed the ability of HCC cells to promote capillary tube formation of endothelial cells and to invade extracellular matrix gel in vitro. Using mouse models, we revealed that tumors derived from miR-29b-expressed HCC cells displayed significant reduction in microvessel density and in intrahepatic metastatic capacity compared with those from the control group. Subsequent investigations revealed that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was a direct target of miR-29b. The blocking of MMP-2 by neutralizing antibody or RNA interference phenocopied the antiangiogenesis and antiinvasion effects of miR-29b, whereas introduction of MMP-2 antagonized the function of miR-29b. We further disclosed that miR-29b exerted its antiangiogenesis function, at least partly, by suppressing MMP-2 expression in tumor cells and, in turn, impairing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-signaling in endothelial cells. Consistently, in human HCC tissues and mouse xenograft tumors miR-29b level was inversely correlated with MMP-2 expression, as well as tumor angiogenesis, venous invasion, and metastasis. Conclusion: miR-29b deregulation contributes to angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of HCC. Restoration of miR-29b represents a promising new strategy in anti-HCC therapy. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Removing Contact Lenses
Authors: Richard A. Westsmith
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There are some 5 million contact lens wearers in the United States today. The nomadic nature of our people creates occasions when a physician familiar with corneal lenses may not be immediately available. We became acutely aware of this problem recently when a patient visited a rural area in California remote from an ophthalmologist. She has a bilateral aphakia and had worn her contact lenses for only a few weeks. To her dismay she was unable to remove one of the lenses. After a few hours she became somewhat panic-stricken and called upon several general practitioners. The last of five that she called agreed to see her, although he confessed knowing nothing about removing the lens and received advice from a third party. The lens was finally removed by grasping it with a tweezers and breaking the lens, with much discomfort to the patient. When he saw
How Patients Appraise Physicians
Authors: Norman Cousins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The assignment given me seven years ago at the UCLA School of Medicine was fascinating but imprecise. I was to lecture to students on the "medical humanities," a subject I interpreted as embracing the wide range of matters concerned not just with the nontechnical aspects of patient care but with the general environment of contemporary medicine.The sessions producing the most intense discussions concerned patient—physician relationships. Resource materials for such discussions were far from skimpy and included such teachers and philosophers of medicine as Montaigne, Sir William Osler, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Francis W. Peabody, Lawrence J. Henderson, Walton Hamilton, Hans . . .
Debbie Purdy fails to win protection for her husband to help her die
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A British woman with multiple sclerosis has lost her Appeal Court bid to ensure that her husband will not face prosecution if he helps her end her life by assisted suicide in Switzerland.

Debbie Purdy launched the appeal after the high court ruled that it could not force the director of public prosecutions to issue a policy statement explaining the circumstances in which relatives and friends who helped loved ones to die would or would not be prosecuted for aiding or abetting a suicide.

Ms Purdy, 45, from Bradford, West Yorkshire, argued that without assurances that her husband, Omar Puente, would escape prosecution, she would …
The Health Care Fix: Universal Insurance for All Americans
Authors: Markley H. Boyer
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Topical 5-aminosalicylic acid: a treatment for aphthous ulcers
Authors: P.M. COLLIER, S.M. NEILL, P.W.M. COPEMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

A double-blind placebo controlled trial of 5% 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) cream for the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers was carried out on 22 subjects. The cream or a placebo (11 patients each) was applied to the ulcers three times daily for up to 14 days. Daily discomfort was reduced by half (P less than 0.01) and less pain (P less than 0.05) was experienced by the treated group. Treatment with 5-ASA shortened healing time (7 vs. 11 days, P less than 0.01) and reduced the difficulty in eating (P less than 0.05). No significant side-effects were reported. We believe 5-ASA cream to be an effective treatment for aphthous ulcers.
Choice for patients can worsen quality of care
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2007)

There is no evidence that giving patients the ability to choose where they are treated improves the quality of care, a survey on the Department of Health's own website showed.

An emphasis on choice could also increase inequality by favouring the more affluent and more articulate patients, BMA representatives heard at their annual meeting this week.

Terry John, from Waltham Forest, told the audience …
Quantitation of Left-to-right Cardiac Shunts with Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: PAGE A. W. ANDERSON, ROBERT H. JONES, DAVID C. SABISTON
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A quantitative radionuclide angiogram technique using an intravenous injection of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) pertechnetate is described for quantitation of left-to-right shunts in the central circulation. Data analysis assumes exponential indicator clearance from normal cardiac chambers by dilution. A late prolongation of tracer disappearance compared to the initial clearance rate indicates an abnormally early return of indicator to the cardiac chamber. Patients with left-to-right shunts demonstrate prolonged clearance of radioactivity from all cardiac chambers distal to the site of shunt. The magnitude of curve distortion is quantitatively related to the size of shunt, and counts recorded from the right lung are used for shunt quantitation. Quadratic regression analysis of data from 21 patients with left-to-right shunts and eight normal subjects demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.951 between measurements of left-to-right shunts by the radionuclide and by the Fick method. Observations on 14 patients with aortic or mitral valve disease revealed this method of shunt evaluation to be of limited value in the presence of severe cardiac valvular disease. However, the method permits detection of left-to-right shunts that are too small to be diagnosed by the Fick method and accurately quantitates shunts which are not at either extreme in size and flow. This technique appears to be potentially useful for the initial diagnosis and serial evaluation of patients with these disorders.
Time and Its Relevance for a Successful Psychotherapy
Authors: Hans Kordy, Michael von Rad, Wolfgang Senf
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

Time and the distribution of time have hardly been taken notice of up to the present although they are of great importance when considering the economic perspective. The present study reports on the results found between certain time parameters (e.g. total duration, total number of sessions, number of sessions per week, longer interruptions) and the outcome of psychoanalytic psychotherapies. The sample consists of 76 patients with neurotic, functional or psychosomatic diagnoses. The results support the thesis that not only the quantity of time (number of sessions, duration of therapy), but also the distribution throughout the therapy is associated with the success of therapy.
Embolism of Central Artery of Retina
Authors: P. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1874)

tamininated ?I could only account for this on the supposition of absorption by the milk of fever-particles from the atmosphere of the premises.The privy and house-drainage flowed on to the surface to join a semiliquid manure-heap close to the stable where the cows were kept and milked; and( probably the warm fresh-drawn milk proved( an
Antifibrinolytic Agents in Traumatic Haemorrhage
Authors: Tim Coats, Beverly Hunt, Ian Roberts, Haleema Shakur
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

This article is an invitation to doctors around the world to participate in the CRASH-2 trial (Clinical Randomisation of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage), a large, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial of a simple and widely practicable treatment for traumatic hemorrhage. The rationale for the trial and contact details for those who would like to take part are given below.

Evidence from randomised controlled trials is essential for improving health care. In the case of widely practicable treatments for common health problems, even modest treatment effects can result in substantial health gains. However, to detect such modest effects requires large multi-centre randomised trials involving hundreds of collaborating health professionals internationally. Many health professionals would be pleased to collaborate in such trials if they knew that they were underway, but at present there is no easy way to bring these trials to their attention.

Three years ago, in the context of the CRASH-1 trial (Corticosteroid Randomisation After Significant Head Injury), the trial investigators sent a message to the electronic mailing list of the World Association of Medical Editors, asking them to consider publishing an editorial about the CRASH-1 trial that invited doctors around the world to participate. In response to this request, many medical journals around the world published the CRASH-1 trial editorial in various different languages, and as a result, many more doctors joined the CRASH-1 trial. The trial was completed in May 2004 and involved around 400 hospitals in almost 50 countries, and because of its size provided a reliable answer to an important question (see www.crash.lshtm.ac.uk).

This current article is being published as the result of a similar such request to medical editors in the context of the CRASH-2 trial.
Abstract 3257: Nodal signalling in choriocarcinoma cells
Authors: Jeffrey Law, Alice Luca, Guihua Zhang, Lynne-Marie Postovit, Moshmi Bhattacharya
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Choriocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer that arises when the invasion of placental trophoblast cells into the endometrium becomes dysregulated. Trophoblast invasion is a complex phenomenon, dependent on cues that drive trophoblast invasion, as well as factors to ensure that placental invasion does not extend beyond the myometrium. Nodal, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is expressed throughout the endometrium during the peri-implantation period and in invasive trophoblast cells. However, Nodal's exact role in placental function is unclear. Nodal signals by activating the ALK4/7, ActRIIB and Cripto-1 receptor complex and emerging evidence suggests that its signalling strength can be controlled at the level of receptor endocytosis into signaling endosomes. Two key regulators of receptor endocytosis and cell invasion are the α-arrestins, multifunctional scaffolding proteins and Ral GTPases, members of the Ras superfamily. Ral can bind to ActRIIB, and its activity can be regulated by Ras, as well as by α-arrestins, in a Ras-independent manner. We thus hypothesized that Nodal promotes trophoblast invasion via a α-arrestin/Ral-mediated pathway. The specific objectives of my study are to (i) determine the effects of Nodal on trophoblast invasion, (ii) elucidate a role for α-arrestin / Ral signaling in regulating Nodal-induced trophoblast invasion. We found that Nodal stimulates the invasion of both the non-malignant HTR-8SV/neo trophoblast and JAR choriocarcinoma cells using Matrigel-coated transwell chamber assays. Interestingly, we found that the JAR choriocarcinoma cells responded differently to Nodal in that while HTR-8SV/neo invasion returned to baseline levels, JAR choricocarcinoma cells continued to invade even at the higher concentrations of Nodal (100ng/mL &amp; 500ng/mL). For this reason, we decided to look at potential differences in the regulation of Nodal-induced invasion between the non-malignant HTR-8SV/neo trophoblast and JAR choricoarcinoma cell lines. We found that the JAR choriocarcinoma cells differentially expressed Ral and α-arrestin proteins compared to the HTR-8SV/neo cells. Additonally, endogenous Ral and α-arrestins associate with the ALK4 and 7 receptors, and knockdown of these molecules impaired Nodal-induced invasion. Thus, our data reveal a novel function for Nodal in modulating trophoblast invasion via a α-arrestin/Ral signaling pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3257. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3257
Lack of Neutrophil Elastase Reduces Inflammation, Mucus Hypersecretion, and Emphysema, but Not Mucus Obstruction, in Mice with Cystic Fibrosis–like Lung Disease
Authors: Stefanie Gehrig, Julia Duerr, Michael Weitnauer, Claudius J. Wagner, Simon Y. Graeber, Jolanthe Schatterny, Stephanie Hirtz, Abderrazzaq Belaaouaj, Alexander H. Dalpke, Carsten Schultz, Marcus A. Mall
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Recent evidence from clinical studies suggests that neutrophil elastase (NE) released in neutrophilic airway inflammation is a key risk factor for the onset and progression of lung disease in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the role of NE in the complex in vivo pathogenesis of CF lung disease remains poorly understood.Objectives: To elucidate the role of NE in the development of key features of CF lung disease including airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, goblet cell metaplasia, bacterial infection, and structural lung damage in vivo.Methods: We used the Scnn1b-Tg mouse as a model of CF lung disease and determined effects of genetic deletion of NE (NE−/−) on the pulmonary phenotype. Furthermore, we used novel Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET)–based NE reporter assays to assess NE activity in bronchoalveolar lavage from Scnn1b-Tg mice and sputum from patients with CF.Measurements and Main Results: Lack of NE significantly reduced airway neutrophilia, elevated mucin expression, goblet cell metaplasia, and distal airspace enlargement, but had no effect on airway mucus plugging, bacterial infection, or pulmonary mortality in Scnn1b-Tg mice. By using FRET reporters, we show that NE activity was elevated on the surface of airway neutrophils from Scnn1b-Tg mice and patients with CF.Conclusions: Our results suggest that NE plays an important role in the in vivo pathogenesis and may serve as a therapeutic target for inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and structural lung damage and indicate that additional rehydration strategies may be required for effective treatment of airway mucus obstruction in CF.
Effects of H2-Receptor Antagonists on Blood Alcohol Levels
Authors: Philip D. Hansten
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —We are surprised that the Glaxo Inc—sponsored studies by Fraser et al failed to detect any effect with either cimetidine or ranitidine on blood alcohol levels, since 10 reports (of which four were listed as references 1 through 4 in our article and five additional are cited here 1-5 ) found a significant effect with at least one of the drugs. Several factors may have contributed to the lack of success by Fraser et al, including an unexplained placebo effect, which might have obscured possible increases after the H 2 -receptor antagonists. Indeed, the subjects in the study by Fraser et al who had the highest initial values of areas under the blood alcohol curves exhibited the greatest decreases after placebo or famotidine administration. This could be related, at least in part, to the high habitual consumption of ethanol reported for some of the subjects (close to six drinks
Hereditary Bone Tumours in Mice
Authors: F. C. Pybus, E. W. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1938)

It should no longer be disputed that a tendency to cancer is often inherited.While there is ever-accumulating evidence to show that this is so in man, of which probably every practitioner must have seen examples, most of the experimental proof has been obtained by animal breeding.The inheritance of mammary cancer in mice is being very fully investigated, chiefly by Ameri-(o00)@ can workers.Certain strains i which have been inbred for many LE( generations are 26 characterized by a definite and constant cancer incidence, high in 12 9 Is some strains, in- termediate or low in others.
Genital Yeast Infections
Authors: J. D. Oriel, B. M. Partridge, M. J. Denny, J. C. Coleman
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Genital yeast infection was studied in 533 women seen in a department of venereology. Yeasts were recovered in culture from 138 patients (26% of the total). Candida albicans accounted for 112 (81%) of the isolates and Torulopsis glabrata for 22 (16%); other yeasts were uncommon. There was no evidence that the presence of yeasts was related to age. 32% of the women who were taking an oral contraceptive harboured yeasts, compared with 18% of those who were not.The symptoms and signs of the women with yeast infections were compared with those with vaginal trichomoniasis and those with no evidence of genital infection. It seems that a clinical diagnosis of vaginal mycosis cannot be made with accuracy and that positive identification of yeasts is necessary; for this, cultural methods are the most satisfactory.
The Intestinal Knot Syndrome
Authors: Frederic M. Boyden
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor:—  An interesting, but rare,  obstruction is the intestinal knot syndrome, occasionally referred to as double  or compound volvulus. The phenomenon begins with a sigmoid volvulus with subsequent wrappings of the ileum about its axis, forming an  knot.1Due to the devitalization of both knotted segments, the prognosis is grave unless there is early surgical intervention.2,3  History.—  The earliest reported case was that of Parker in 1845, entitled, Case of Intestinal Obstruction: Sigmoid Flexure Strangulated by the Ileum.4Kallio's extensive review (1932) reported 161 cases including 77 from Finland.5Recent reports from Africa reveal, among others, 92 cases in Uganda.6-8  The lesion is rare in the United States. In a review of 52 cases of sigmoid volvulus from Grady Hospital, Atlanta, there were two instances of  knotting.1To date, no precipitating factors have been identified. Frimann-Dahl postulates that
Zambian prisons "threaten public health" because of high rates of TB and HIV
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Conditions in Zambia’s prisons are so overcrowded and medical care so inadequate that they are breeding grounds for disease and pose a serious threat to public health, says a new report by Human Rights Watch, produced in association with the AIDS and Rights Alliance for Southern Africa and the Prisons Care and Counselling Association.

Researchers report that similar conditions prevail in much of Africa, where prisons risk becoming reservoirs of HIV and drug resistant tuberculosis.

The Zambia Prisons Service employs only 14 health staff—and only one doctor—to serve its 15 300 prisoners. Of Zambia’s 86 prisons, only 15 had a clinic or sick bay, “many of these with little capacity beyond distributing paracetamol.”

“Zambian prisoners are starved, …
RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF MEDICAL MEN TO SURGICAL PROGRESS
Authors: WILLIAM J. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1930)

When I began the practice of medicine, hospitals had surgeons and clinicians who were differentiated by title, but in actual practice the surgeon was a clinician who devoted more of his time to surgery than to medicine. The surgeon made the general examination and the diagnosis, operated on the patient, and cared for him after operation. Until late in the nineteenth century, surgery consisted largely of operations of necessity. A few leaders were studying certain surgical fields and developing them along the lines of surgery of expediency, but generally speaking only acute conditions such as strangulated hernias, infections, traumatism and comparable emergencies led to the necessity for operation. With the growth of knowledge, however, competition between medical and surgical treatment became more acute. On the one hand was the conservative clinician who objected to operation for many conditions which finally were recognized to be surgical. On the other hand was