tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Common Genetic Variants in Oncogenes on Ovarian Cancer Survival
Authors: Lydia Quaye, Simon A. Gayther, Susan J. Ramus, Richard A. Di Cioccio, Valerie McGuire, Estrid Hogdall, Claus Hogdall, Jan Blaakr, Douglas F. Easton, Bruce A.J. Ponder, Ian Jacobs, Susanne Kruger Kjaer, Alice S. Whittemore, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Honglin Song
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The 5-year survival rate for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer is &amp;lt;35%. It has been suggested that common, germline genetic variation may influence survival after cancer diagnoses, which might enable the prediction of response to treatment and survival in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between common germline genetic variants in the oncogenes BRAF, ERBB2, KRAS, NMI, and PIK3CA, and survival after a diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: We evaluated the association between 34 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and survival in 1,480 cases of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer cases from three different studies. Cox regression analysis, stratified by study, was used to estimate per rare allele hazard ratios (HR). Results: The minor allele rs6944385 in BRAF was significantly associated with poor survival [HR, 1.19; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 1.02-1.39; P = 0.024]. The association remained after adjusting for prognostic factors (adjusted HR, 1.20; 95 CI, 1.03-1.40; P = 0.018). A haplotype of BRAF was also associated with poor survival (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.51; P = 0.029) and was more significant after adjustment (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.15-1.81; P = 0.001). We also found evidence of an association between a KRAS haplotype and poor survival in serous subtype (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.21-2.38; P = 0.002), but this was no longer significant after adjustment. Finally, when analyses were restricted to the serous histologic subtype, the rare allele rs10842513 in KRAS, was associated with poor survival (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.10-1.78; P = 0.007). Conclusion: Common genetic variants in the BRAF and KRAS oncogenes may be important in the prediction of survival in patients with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer.
Poverty in the cradle.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Not often can a whole conference be sparked off by an obtuse remark, but it was Kenneth Clarke, Minister of Health, questioning the fink between poverty and infant mortality that led to the Maternity Alliance's conference Poverty?a Crisis for Babies. Sadly Mr Clarke was not there to hear the speakers spell out the statistics of deepening poverty in Britain and explore the complicated but usually undisputed connections between poverty and the death of babies, but he and his government colleagues could be said to have haunted the meeting. This was because of a report that appeared on the front page of the Guardian on the morning of the conference announcing that the government was considering abolishing the maternity grant except for the poorest families and introducing a means test for maternity benefit.1
Serotonin transporter polymorphisms and panic disorder
Authors: Johannes Schumacher, Jürgen Deckert
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

Panic disorder (PD) is the most common anxiety disorder. Although PD seems to occur unprovoked and the underlying etiology is not well understood, studies have consistently shown that genetic factors explain approximately 48% of the variance. Moreover, family and twin studies support the view that the majority of PD cases have a complex genetic basis. Promising findings have most recently implicated the polymorphisms at the 3' end of the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 as PD risk variants. If independent studies can replicate the observed association with the SLC6A4 variants and their functional effects on gene expression, this would have a great impact on our understanding of the disease pathophysiology and would provide opportunities to investigate genotype-phenotype correlations.
WHO agrees measures to stop global spread of tobacco use
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1999)

After intensive preparations, the World Health Organisation finally gained permission from its member states this week to start negotiating an international legal instrument to curb the global spread of tobacco use. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which will be adopted no later than May 2003, aims to strengthen trans-national controls on tobacco so that individual governments' health policies will no longer …
Spontaneous preterm labour and delivery at under 34 weeks' gestation.
Authors: R F Lamont, P D Dunlop, P Crowley, M G Elder
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The management and outcome of 242 infants delivered between 26 and 34 weeks9 gestation in an obstetrical and neonatal regional referral centre as a result of spontaneous preterm labour were recorded prospectively. Results of the survey show that the decision to intervene and delay delivery will depend on the availability of neonatal intensive care facilities. Infants likely to require intensive neonatal care should be transferred in utero to a centre with these facilities. The use of steroids reduces the mortality of preterm infants. The maximum effect occurs between 30 and 32 weeks9 gestation, and there is no benefit after 34 weeks. If the weight is over 1500 g the mode of delivery of the preterm infant presenting by the breech does not influence outcome; if under 1500 g a caesarean section improves survival over those infants born by vaginal breech delivery.
Carcinogenesis: a late effect of irreversible toxic damage during development
Authors: Jerry M. Rice
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Intrauterine and early postnatal life are periods of exceptionally high susceptibility to certain kinds of chemical carcinogens. The most potent known transplacental carcinogens are direct acting alkylating agents. Most nonreactive compounds, which require enzymes for metabolic conversion into chemically reactive “proximate carcinogens,” are less effective because the required enzymes are present at low levels in the fetus, and many proximate carcinogens are too reactive to reach the fetus when formed in maternal tissues. Despite this, many carcinogens which require metabolic activation are very active transplancentally, as the intrinsic susceptibility of rapidly dividing fetal cells compensates effectively for comparatively low tissue levels of reactive metabolites. Transplacental carcinogens of all kinds are most effective late in gestation, generally after organogenesis has begun and after the period of greatest susceptibility to teratogens. Only a small number of known carcinogens have been tested for transplacental carcinogenic activity. The great majority of tumors induced transplacentally in the well-studied rodent and lagomorph species (mouse, rat, Syrian hamster, and rabbit) have morphologic features of adult, rather than embryonal, tissues. A given agent tends to induce in a given species largely the same types of tumor when given transplacentally as when administered directly to postweaning animals, unless its carcinogenic effect in the latter is ascribable to some peculiarity of distribution, metabolism, or physiology. In a second species, the spectrum of tumors induced either before of after birth may be quite different. For bioassay of suspected carcinogens, the significance of perinatal carcinogenesis lies in the facts that the fetal and preweaning rodent is an extremely sensitive indicator of carcinogenic activity, and that the facile adaptibility of fetal cells to tissue culture and their rapid expression in vitro of properties of neoplastic transformation make possible a rapid in vivo/in vitro screening system for chemical carcinogens.
Incomplete Consolidation in Pneumococcal Lobar Pneumonia Complicating Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: MORTON M. ZISKIND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Chest roentgenograms and hospital records of 104 patients with pneumonia whose admission blood cultures were positive for pneumococci were reviewed. Clinical characteristics, laboratory and chest roentgenographic findings, and response to treatment were noted. Two basic patterns of consolidation were encountered. In patients under age 40 all but one had classical homogeneous consolidation. Among patients over age 40, 6 of 22 men and 15 of 16 women had chest X-ray films that also showed typical consolidation. In the remaining 16 men and 1 woman over age 40 and in one 37-year-old man the films showed a pattern of incomplete consolidation interrupted by air-filled spaces. In the one patient with the pattern of incomplete consolidation who died, pathologic examination demonstrated foci of emphysema with surrounding pneumonia. Other diseases such as suppurative bronchopneumonia and tuberculosis may produce incomplete consolidations that require differentiation from pneumococcal lobar pneumonia superimposed on pulmonary emphysema.
Need for Donor Organs Spurs Thought and Action
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improved<i>in vitro</i>diagnosis of allergy to<i>Alternaria tenius</i>and<i>Cladosporium herbarum</i>
Authors: H. G. Nüsslein, TH. Zimmermann, M. Baum, C. Fuchs, K. Kolble, J. R. Kalden
Journal: Allergy (1987)

To improve the in vitro diagnosis of mould allergy 22 children suffering from allergic asthma caused by Alternaria tenius and/or Cladosporium herbarum as proven by bronchial provocation test were investigated. Partially purified, standardized mould preparations were used in radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with conventional and new update mould discs, mould‐induced histamine release and immunoblotting. Updated RAST discs were found to be superior to the old‐type discs for the detection of Alternaria but not Cladosporium sensitivity. In all patients except one, specific IgE‐antibodies to the respective mould were demonstrated by immunoblotting. Mould‐induced histamine release failed to prove sensitization in only two patients. No differences were found comparing histamine release from whole blood with release from isolated cells. The results demonstrate a high sensitivity of in vitro tests when purified and standardized extracts are used.
Data Acquisition and Processing in Biology and Medicine. Vol 3: Proceedings of the Rochester Conference
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This volume contains 22 papers presented in a 1963 conference on the use of computers in biology and medicine. It suffers from shortcomings common to the proceedings of many such topic-oriented conferences. There is lack of unity and absence of focus toward a particular type of audience or level of sophistication. The papers vary widely, from an elementary account of what the investigator hopes to do, to a technical exposition which would be understood fully only by another expert. The proceedings are divided into six sessions with exciting session titles. However, individual topics are often poorly matched to these headings.  Some excellent papers of interest to physicians are included. Gustafson and associates of the Iowa Methodist Hospital explore several interesting variations on the Bayes theorem approach to computer diagnosis. A small group of patients with congenital heart disease constituted the subject of this study. Abraham and Caceres of the Public
SYNTHESIS, ASSEMBLY, AND SECRETION OF GAMMA GLOBULIN BY MOUSE MYELOMA CELLS
Authors: Reuven Laskov, Matthew D. Scharff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

MPC-11 myeloma tumor cells were adapted to growth in continuous culture. The cultured cells resembled the parent tumor in that they produced the fully assembled gamma globulin molecules as well as six unassembled molecules. Although cultured and tumor cells synthesized excess light chains, the molar ratio of light (L) to heavy (H) chains was approximately 1.7:1 in the culture, and 3.5:1 in the tumor. The cultured cells also produced fewer half molecules and free light chains than the parent tumor. Peptide column analysis did not reveal differences in the primary structure of the H chains derived from the parent tumor and the culture. The L chains may have differed by a minor peptide. As much as 20% of the newly labeled cytoplasmic proteins and almost 100% of the proteins secreted by the cultured myeloma cells could be precipitated by specific antiserum. The immune precipitates contained seven different gamma globulin molecules, six of which were characterized according to their molecular size and H and L chain content as fully assembled molecules (H(2)L(2)), heavy chain dimers (H(2)), half molecules (HL), H, light chain dimers (L(2)), and L chains. All gamma globulin subunits as well as the complete H(2)L(2) molecule were produced and secreted by splenic clones of the parent MPC-11 tumor, and agar clones of the cultured cells. This indicates that the various gamma globulin subunits were produced by the same cell and did not reflect cellular heterogeneity with respect to gamma globulin synthesis.
Abstract P3-11-04: The effect of group intervention therapy for young breast cancer patients under 35 years old
Authors: A Kitano, T Hosaka, T Iwata, W Osaka, H Kitagawa, S Ohde, H Yamauchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Coping with cancer plays an important role in cancer survivorship. Especially in young patients, coping is significant because of anxieties regarding fertility, body image, heredity, symptoms of premature menopause, and psychosocial stress. According to previous studies, the group intervention therapy is effective in improving emotional difficulties for breast cancer patients. However, there is few demonstrating the efficacy of group intervention for young breast cancer patients. Methods: Since September 2010, we have conducted a clinical trial of a group intervention, facilitated by breast surgeons, psycho-oncologists, and nurses, for young breast cancer patients who were diagnosed under 35, or 36 years old due to enrolling period, and they had no metastasis. at St Luke's International Hospital (SLIH) in Tokyo, Japan. Each group consisted of 7 to 10 breast cancer patients, who received five weekly sessions. We evaluated the changes in coping strategies, emotional levels, and quality of life (QOL) before, after and 6 month after the group intervention, by using three scales: MAC (Mental Attitude to Cancer) for coping, POMS (Profile of Mood States) for emotional states, and FACT-B (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast) for QOL. MAC scale includes five coping strategies such as Fighting Spirit(FS), Hopelessness(H), Anxious Preoccupation(AP), Anxiety(A), and Fatalism(F). This is an interim report of this clinical trial. Paired T-test was used to statistical evaluation. Results: At this point, 65 young patients finished the group intervention. Complete data were taken from 61 patients for evaluating score changes between before and after the group interventions. POMS and FACT-B score improved statistically (p = 0.004, p = 0.003). Among MAC's five components, Hopelessness and Anxious Preoccupation improved statistically (p&amp;lt;0.01, p&amp;lt;0.001). Discussion: This study suggests that the group intervention is promising to improve emotion states, QOL, and coping strategies for young breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-11-04.
Outcome of involuntary medication in a state hospital system
Authors: F Cournos, K McKinnon, B Stanley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The purpose of the study was to examine the course of involuntarily administered medication in a state hospital population.The authors retrospectively examined the records of all 51 involuntarily medicated patients in six state hospitals in New York City in a single calendar year. Clinical course was recorded for the period of involuntary medication and for 12 months thereafter. These patients were compared to 51 patients on the same wards who accepted medication.Clinicians assessed involuntarily medicated patients as more dangerous to themselves or others and less delusional after treatment than the comparison patients. Long-acting intramuscular antipsychotics were prescribed more frequently for involuntarily medicated patients. No differences were observed in rates of discharge, outpatient cooperation, or rehospitalization. Half of the patients in both groups remained continuously institutionalized, and of those who left the hospital, only 30% of the involuntarily medicated group and 40% of the comparison group took medication as outpatients.For these chronically severely ill patients, involuntary medication did not appear to enhance insight or cooperation or result in rapid return to the community. Involuntary medication is often a necessary short-term, in-hospital management strategy, but it does not replace the need to develop comprehensive, long-term inpatient and community-based approaches to the management of treatment refusal.
Ethical Principles for Everyone
Authors: Alan R. Nelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters19 June 2001Ethical Principles for EveryoneAlan R. Nelson, MDAlan R. Nelson, MDFairfax, VA 22033 (Nelson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his editorial (1), Dr. Davidoff makes a comparison between ethical principles and laws, noting that ethical principles are not laws, but like laws they guide and shape behavior.I would add that ethics, which are principles of honorable conduct, are higher than law, the latter being a rule of conduct enforced by a controlling authority. Part of medicine's current problem in maintaining professionalism is some confusion over this distinction, and the belief that “if it's legal, it must be ethical.” I believe that the principles developed by the Tavistock group provide a simple and comprehensive way ...Reference1. Davidoff F. Changing the subject: ethical principles for everyone in health care [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:386-9. [PMID: 0010979885] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Alan R. Nelson, MDAffiliations: Fairfax, VA 22033 (Nelson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoChanging the Subject: Ethical Principles for Everyone in Health Care Frank Davidoff Ethical Principles for Everyone Frédéric Pochard , Marc Grassin , and Elie Azoulay Ethical Principles for Everyone Nelson G. Goodman Ethical Principles for Everyone Frank Davidoff Ethical Principles for Everyone Joseph J. Mazza Metrics 19 June 2001Volume 134, Issue 12Page: 1151KeywordsBehavior ePublished: 19 June 2001 Issue Published: 19 June 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lysozyme turnover in the rat
Authors: Niels Ebbe Hansen, Hans Karle, Vagn Andersen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Lysozyme turnover in the rat was studied with (125)I-labeled rat lysozyme. It was found that plasma lysozyme has a rapid disappearance rate with a half-life of 75 min. The rate of synthesis was calculated at 3.4 mug/min per 100 g rat. This rate of synthesis was compared with figures from the literature for the turnover rate of neutrophilic granulocytes, and the data were consistent with the concept that disintegrating neutrophils are the main source of plasma lysozyme. The distribution of enzymatic lysozyme activity and of radioactive lysozyme was studied in several organs. Very high enzymatic activity was found in leukocytes as were considerable activities in lungs, kidneys, bone marrow, spleen, and intestine; little enzymatic activity was found in the urine. High radioactive levels as compared with plasma radioactivity were demonstrated only in the kidneys. This indicates that of the organs studied, the kidney is the predominant site of storage and destruction of plasma lysozyme. Lysozyme was found to disappear only slowly from the kidneys over a period of 4 days. The data obtained seem to indicate that lysozyme or a lysozyme degradation product precipitable by trichloroacetic acid was released in small amounts from the kidneys to plasma throughout this period.
Dry Detergent and Soap Effects on the Rabbit Eye
Authors: Donald B. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The high polyphosphate content of detergents has been linked with ecological damage. Some detergent manufacturers have responded by formulating products which contain, instead of polyphosphates, highly alkaline ingredients strongly buffered to maintain alkalinity. Though formulations vary, synthetic laundry and dishwasher detergents fall into three general categories—those containing principally phosphate, carbonate, or metasilicate. Accidental ingestion of these materials or contact with the eye could be hazardous.  It was important to investigate the acute and chronic response of the rabbit eye to dry household synthetic detergents and soap powder.  Materials and Methods.—  Nine products were purchased locally. Seven were laundry products of which three contained phosphate (Tide [B], Ajax [C], Dash [D]); two carbonate (Sears [E], Arm and Hammer [F]); one metasilicate (Ecolo-G [G]); and one soap powder (Ivory Snow [A]). Two products were dishwashing compounds containing metasilicate (Electra-Sol [I]) and phosphate (Cascade [H]). The brands were chosen for
Some Cases in Practice Bearing upon the Function of the Prostate
Authors: R. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1889)

further progress of the case is accompanied by gradual participation of the ureters and kidneys in the septic inflammation, and the patient is gradually exhausted.Aeute general tubereulosis may terminate his sufferings.Age.-The ages of the patients usually range from 19 to 40 years.Use of the Cystoscope.-Thelecturer had inspected two cases of advanced disease by the cystoseope, and the surface was irregular, with pits at the uvula vesicoe or neighbouring part of the floor of the bladder, partly filled with shreds of tissue, muco-pus, and blood clot, though in those cases cystitis, ulceration, burrowing abscess in the floor and walls of the bladder are usually super- added before death.