tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Summary of a workshop on regulatory acceptance of (Q)SARs for human health and environmental endpoints.
Authors: Joanna S Jaworska, M Comber, C Auer, C J Van Leeuwen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The "Workshop on Regulatory Use of (Q)SARs for Human Health and Environmental Endpoints," organized by the European Chemical Industry Council and the International Council of Chemical Associations, gathered more than 60 human health and environmental experts from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies from around the world. They agreed, especially industry and regulatory authorities, that the workshop initiated great potential for the further development and use of predictive models, that is, quantitative structure-activity relationships [(Q)SARs], for chemicals management in a much broader scope than is currently the case. To increase confidence in (Q)SAR predictions and minimization of their misuse, the workshop aimed to develop proposals for guidance and acceptability criteria. The workshop also described the broad outline of a system that would apply that guidance and acceptability criteria to a (Q)SAR when used for chemical management purposes, including priority setting, risk assessment, and classification and labeling.
Disopyramide induces insulin secretion and plasma glucose diminution: Studies using the in situ canine pancreas
Authors: Hajime Nakabayashi, Toshiyuki Ito, Takahiko Igawa, Yoshio Hiraiwa, Toshinori Imamura, Takashi Seta, Masanori Kawato, Noriomi Usukura, Ryoyu Takeda
Journal: Metabolism (1989)
Remote Electrocardiographic in Acute Myocardial Monitoring Infarction
Authors: Harold G. Danford, David A. Danford, John E. Mielke, Thomas A. Ryan, Lowell F. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A system of continuous remote electrocardiographic monitoring, from four small hospitals to a central hospital coronary care unit, was applied to 130 patients with confirmed acute myocardial infarctions. The mortality survey of 19 months' experience with this system revealed a hospital mortality of 27%. An analysis of 149 consecutive myocardial infarctions in the same hospitals prior to the initiation of remote monitoring of the electrocardiogram showed a hospital mortality of 38%. Thirty-nine patients with myocardial infarctions who were treated concurrently with the monitored patients, but without remote monitoring, had a mortality of 44%. The two coronary care units, from which remote monitoring and medical support were provided, treated 516 cases of acute myocardial infarction during a similar interval, with a hospital mortality of 19%.
Induction of the Platelet Release Reaction by Phytohemagglutinin
Authors: Douglas M. Tollefsen, John R. Feagler, Philip W. Majerus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

We have previously shown that the erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (E-PHA) from Phaseolus vulgaris binds to the surface of intact human platelets and that adenylate cyclase activity in the particulate fraction of E-PHA-treated platelets is lower than in comparable controls. We now find that E-PHA induces release of [(14)C]serotonin from platelets. Release follows binding of E-PHA, and a haptenic inhibitor of E-PHA binding prevents induction of release. E-PHA does not produce platelet lysis and has little effect on [(14)C]serotonin uptake. Platelets possess approximately 300,000 receptor sites of E-PHA per cell, and we estimate that about 15% of these sites must be occupied by E-PHA to initiate the release reaction. Prior incubation of platelets with prostaglandin E(1), theophylline, or dibutyryl cyclic AMP prevents E-PHA-induced release, although these agents have little effect on E-PHA binding to platelets. Thrombin and E-PHA produce different rates and extents of serotonin release. Thrombin (1 U/ml) causes release of 75-85% of platelet [(14)C]-serotonin, with half-maximal release occurring less than 0.5 min after thrombin addition. E-PHA, however, induces release of only 30-60% of platelet serotonin at a 10-fold slower rate. In addition, utilizing electron microscopy, we have observed striking differences in the morphological changes that occur in platelets exposed to E-PHA as compared with thrombin. Thus, the platelet release reaction may be triggered in part by binding of E-PHA to the cell surface, but this reaction only partially resembles that produced by thrombin.
Endogenous Digitalis-like Factor or Factors
Authors: Francis J. Haddy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The roles of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and antidiuretic (vasopressin) systems in regulating extracellular fluid volume and arterial pressure have been recognized for many years. More recently, atrial natriuretic factor was discovered and shown to be released in several volume-expanded and hypertensive states. This factor may help to remove excess fluid and dilate blood vessels, thereby acting as an antihypertensive hormone. Still another agent may participate in regulating blood volume and pressure. This agent, which may promote hypertension, is the putative endogenous digitalis-like factor.The high concentration of potassium and the low concentration of sodium in the intracellular fluid relative to the . . .
Meta-analysis: Vitamin D Compounds in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Suetonia C. Palmer, David O. McGregor, Petra Macaskill, Jonathan C. Craig, Grahame J. Elder, Giovanni F.M. Strippoli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Vitamin D compounds are widely used to prevent and treat secondary hyperparathyroidism. Purpose: To determine whether vitamin D therapy improves biochemical markers of mineral metabolism and cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Data Sources: MEDLINE (January 1966 to July 2007), EMBASE (January 1980 to July 2007), and Cochrane databases were searched without language restriction. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials of vitamin D compounds in chronic kidney disease were identified. Data Extraction: Two authors independently extracted data. Data Synthesis: Seventy-six trials were identified for inclusion; 3667 participants were enrolled. Vitamin D compounds did not reduce the risk for death, bone pain, vascular calcification, or parathyroidectomy. Compared with placebo, established vitamin D sterols were associated with an increased risk for hypercalcemia (relative risk, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.16 to 4.85]) and hyperphosphatemia (relative risk, 1.77 [CI, 1.15 to 2.74]) but did not show a consistent reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Compared with placebo, more recently developed vitamin D analogues were associated with hypercalcemia (relative risk, 5.15 [CI, 1.06 to 24.97]) but not hyperphosphatemia, and levels of PTH were reduced (weighted mean difference, −10.77 pmol/L [CI, −20.51 to −1.03 pmol/L]). For suppression of PTH, intravenous administration was superior to oral vitamin D, but higher intravenous doses were used. Limitations: Few studies reported patient-level outcomes, including mortality (8 of 76 trials), and only 5 trials directly compared the effects of treatment with newer vitamin D compounds versus established ones. Heterogeneity in some comparisons remained unexplained by metaregression analyses. Conclusion: Vitamin D compounds do not consistently reduce PTH levels, and beneficial effects on patient-level outcomes are unproven. The value of vitamin D treatment for people with chronic kidney disease remains uncertain.
Antibody Response Following Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Under Conditions of Customary Use
Authors: Philip A. Brunell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A study of 301 children who had been immunized two to 19 months previously with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at 36 different sites in San Antonio, Tex, including physicians' offices and clinics, revealed that 99.7% had antibody against rubella and 98.3% had antibody against measles and mumps. None of the 49 infants who were tested prior to receipt of MMR vaccine had antibody against any of these viruses, indicating that the antibody found after immunization was unlikely to be due to false-positive results. The lack of antibody in these infants confirmed that there had not been a significant number of cases of these diseases that could contribute to the high frequency of antibody found after immunization. A single dose of MMR vaccine administered under customary conditions appears to be an effective method of conferring immunity against these diseases.
Magnetic Resonance Low-Dose Dobutamine Test Is Superior to Scar Quantification for the Prediction of Functional Recovery
Authors: Ernst Wellnhofer, Adriana Olariu, Christoph Klein, Michael Gräfe, Andreas Wahl, Eckart Fleck, Eike Nagel
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Low-dose dobutamine challenge (DSMR) by MRI was compared with delayed enhancement imaging with Gd-DTPA (SCAR) as a predictor of improvement of wall motion after revascularization (RECOVERY).In 29 patients with coronary artery disease (68+/-7 years of age, 2 women, 32+/-8% ejection fraction), wall motion was evaluated semiquantitatively by MRI before and 3 months after revascularization. SCAR and DSMR were performed before revascularization. The transmural extent of scar was assessed semiquantitatively. Binary prediction of RECOVERY was performed by logistic regression in 288 segments with wall motion abnormalities at rest. Receiver operating characteristic-area under curve (AUC) statistics were used to compare different models. Low-dose DSMR (AUC 0.838) was superior to SCAR (AUC 0.728) in predicting RECOVERY. SCAR did not improve accuracy of prediction by DSMR. Subgroup analysis showed superiority of DSMR for 1% to 74% transmural extent of infarction.Low-dose DSMR is superior to SCAR in predicting RECOVERY. This advantage is largest in segments with a delayed enhancement of 1% to 74%.
In general practice "registrars" are more likely to be perceived as qualified than are "trainees"
Authors: J P Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1996)

arrhythmias and hyperkalaemia unrelated to exposure to suxamethonium.Secondly, both hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis and Andersen's syndrome are dominantly inherited, and other family members may be at risk of sudden death.Thirdly, both conditions are amenable to treatment.
An addition to Kurzban et al.'s model: Thoroughness of cost-benefit analyses depends on the executive tasks at hand
Authors: Sabrina D. Bruyneel, Siegfried Dewitte
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Though Kurzban et al.'s model explains a considerable set of empirical findings, it cannot accommodate other results without relying on extra assumptions. We offer an addition to the model, and suggest that cost-benefit analyses themselves depend on executive function, and therefore can be biased. The adapted model allows for explaining depletion effects, as well as their reversals, documented in the literature.
APPARATUS FOR MAINTAINING POSITION DURING HIP OPERATIONS
Authors: Edwin F. Patton
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The annoying tendency of patients to slip off sand bags used to prop them into suitable position for operations about the hip is generally recognized as a material deterrent to rapid and satisfactory work. This is particularly true when manipulations or hammering and chiseling are being done, but it happens gradually in practically all cases, merely as a result of respiratory movements. The surgeon must pause repeatedly to lift the pelvis back into position and to replace the sand bags. Danger of contamination is one result, but the greatest disadvantage is loss of exposure.  To overcome this, I devised the simple apparatus here presented at the request of Dr. A. Bruce Gill when I was a resident at the Philadelphia Orthopedic Hospital, several years ago. It consists merely of a wooden right angled trough, with one side just wide enough to accommodate the patient's back, the other side wide enough
Hexamethylenamin in Pellagra
Authors: B. B. Bagby
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Two weeks ago I began to treat a patient with well-defined pellagra in the second stage, with 15 gr. of hexamethylenamin, three times a day, with what seem to be remarkable results. The second night after the patient began to take the medicine, she slept 3 hours; the third night she slept 6 hours, and now for a week, she has slept all night and several hours during the day. Before this, the insomnia had resisted all ordinary narcotics. Within 4 days after the patient began the treatment all vertigo disappeared; also the numbness, tingling and burning. All these symptoms had been constant and very annoying for 5 months previously. The urine became clear and the stools normal in frequency, color and odor for the first time in 6 months. The patient's improvement in every way was so remarkable that I took her yesterday to Dr. Beverly
Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Normal Glucose Tolerant Brazilian Adolescents With Family History of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Regina C.Q. da Silva, Walkiria L. Miranda, Antonio R. Chacra, Sérgio A. Dib
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

etabolic syndrome increases risk for cardiovascular disease (1,2).The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in patients might hold promise for enhanced prevention of cardiovascular disease.Currently, there is no consensus on the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, with variable prevalence of metabolic syndrome from 4.2 to 32% in several populations (3-5).The highest rates of metabolic syndrome were found in adolescents with Latino or African backgrounds (3,6).However, this racial/ethnic predisposition to metabolic syndrome is not well defined.The Brazilian population has a high degree of miscegenation that includes a mix of indigenous people, Afro-and Euro-Brazilians, and a widespread Latin ancestry.We do not know if this genetic and environmental diversity can modify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome or its relationship to obesity.In this study, we determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a group of Brazilian adolescents with a family history of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN ANDMETHODS -Inclusion criteria were age between 10 and 19 years, good health, and family history of type 2 diabetes.The Sa ˜o Paulo Federal University Ethics Committee reviewed and approved the study.
Letter: Anticonvulsant osteomalacia and vitamin D.
Authors: J Linde, K Siersbaek-Nielsen, J M Hansen, V Fuglsang-Frederiksen, C M Plum
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Anticonvulsant Osteomalacia and Vitaniln D SIR,--Controversial data concerning the effect of vitamin D on anticonvulsant osteomalacia have recently been reported in the B.M.7.1-3In 1971 we reported a preliminary study using photon absorptiometry in which we found de- creased bone mineral content (B.M.C.), decreased serum calcium values, and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in nine epileptic patients treated with anticonvulsants as compared with 10 psychiatric patients resident in the same epileptic colony.4 5 Six months' treatment with 50 000 IU vitamin D2 daily was unable to affect the mean values of B.M.C. in any of the groups.6In the following year both groups were given a reduced dose of 2400 IU vitamin D2 daily without dietary calcium supplements, but the B.M.C. values re- mained constant.In the following six months a dietary calcium supplement of calcium lactate 3 g/day was added to the vitamin D treatment, B.M.C. values remaining unaltered.The serum calcium values gradually returned to normal and have remained normal since the eighth month of vitamin D treatment.Serum alkaline phosphatase levels remained elevated in the epileptic patients during the whole period of treatment.Our results of long-term treatment with varying doses of vitamin D and calcium intake in a small group of epileptic patients are in some respects in disagreement with those of Clristiansen et al.,' who were able to demonstrate a 4% increase in B.M.C. following three months' treatment with 2000 IU vitamin D2 and calcium supplements in a large group of epileptics.Our finding of unaltered serum alkaline phosphatase values for more than two years of treatment seem to support the assumption of Rowe and Stamp2 that the elevated levels in adult epileptics are mainly due to increase in the hepatic isoenzyme.We have been unable to relate variations in serum calcium to B.M.C. values, but we agree with the statement of Christiansen et al. that prophylactic vitamin D supplements might prove to be beneficial to antiepileptic- treated patients.-Weare, etc.,
Current Research toward a Global Control of Malaria
Authors: Gordon Covell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

AN immense volume of research on malaria has been carried out in recent years. It has covered a wide field, and has included studies on the parasitology, epidemiology and chemotherapy of the disease, mosquito bionomics and the development of antimalarial drugs, insecticides and repellents. Valuable information has been obtained in the course of malaria therapy of nervous disorders and by investigations of the malaria of birds, monkeys and rodents. All these activities have an important bearing on the planning of control measures, although the part played by some of them is at first sight less obvious than that of others. . . .
Abdominal obesity and disease are linked to social position
Authors: E. Brunner, M. Juneja, M. Marmot
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—In their discussion of diet as an important mediator of socioeconomic differences in health, James et al point to abdominal obesity as a biological factor responsible for the excess of cardiovascular disease and diabetes among groups of lower socioeconomic status.1 They suggest that this fits for women but not men, citing results from a survey centred on Glasgow that found no social gradient in the prevalence of abdominal obesity among men.2 However, other surveys in Britain, and from other industrialised countries, have found a …
The kinases MSK1 and MSK2 act as negative regulators of Toll-like receptor signaling
Authors: Olga Ananieva, Joanne Darragh, Claus Johansen, Julia M Carr, Joanne McIlrath, Jin Mo Park, Andrew Wingate, Claire E Monk, Rachel Toth, Susana G Santos, Lars Iversen, J Simon C Arthur
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Impact of Combination Therapy for HIV Infection on Inpatient Census
Authors: Ramón A. Torres, Michael Barr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center in New York is located in the Greenwich Village–Chelsea section of lower Manhattan, one of the areas with the highest density of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States (3863 and 4744 cases of AIDS per 100,000 in Greenwich Village and Chelsea, respectively, in 1996). Over the past 10 years, the medical center has had annual increases in inpatient admissions and discharges, as well as increases in total days of inpatient care for HIV-related illnesses. Before the availability of protease-inhibitor therapy, the average daily inpatient census of patients with . . .
Spontaneous Rupture of Apparently Normal Spleen
Authors: L. E. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Spontaneous rupture of an apparently normal spleen is rare enough to warrant publication.Susman (1927) had a case in a man aged 53 and reviewed the literature of 8 previously reported cases.His patient had had indigestion and flatulence for three months, and indigestion had been a feature of four
A diagnostic biochip for the comprehensive analysis of MLL translocations in acute leukemia
Authors: N Maroc, A Morel, E Beillard, A L de La Chapelle, X Fund, M-J Mozziconacci, M Dupont, J-M Cayuela, J Gabert, A Koki, V Fert, F Hermitte
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
THE ESSENTIAL FACTORS FOR THE CURE OF HERNIA IN THE MALE.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1900)

That hernia may be safely cured by surgical intervention is now recognized as one of the special triumphs of modern aseptic surgery. It is scarcely more than a decade since the profession in general discountenanced operation except under very restricted limitations, and the records of all our general hospitals are replete with long series of cases followed by dire disaster, owing to delay in operation for the relief of strangulated intestines in which now a speedy cure would ensue by prompt surgical intervention. It is not the purpose of this paper to discuss the history of modern operations or the various methods of prominent surgeons, but rather that we may eliminate the non-essentials and emphasize the really important factors which must pertain in order to effect a cure. All forms of hernia except that of the inguinal in the male may be dismissed with the simple statement that they consist
Exendin-4 regulates GLUT2 expression via the CaMKK/CaMKIV pathway in a pancreatic β-cell line
Authors: Ke Chen, Xiao Yu, Koji Murao, Hitomi Imachi, Junhua Li, Tomie Muraoka, Hisashi Masugata, Guo-Xing Zhang, Ryoji Kobayashi, Toshihiko Ishida, Hiroshi Tokumitsu
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
History of Medicine
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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