tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA Content: Its Genetic Heritability and Association With Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: J. Xing, M. Chen, C. G. Wood, J. Lin, M. R. Spitz, J. Ma, C. I. Amos, P. G. Shields, N. L. Benowitz, J. Gu, M. de Andrade, G. E. Swan, X. Wu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

The extent to which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content (also termed mtDNA copy number) in normal human cells is influenced by genetic factors has yet to be established. In addition, whether inherited variation of mtDNA content in normal cells contributes to cancer susceptibility remains unclear. Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 85% of all renal cancers. No studies have investigated the association between mtDNA content and the risk of renal cell carcinoma. We first used a classic twin study design to estimate the genetic contribution to the determination of mtDNA content. mtDNA content was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 250 monozygotic twins, 92 dizygotic twins, and 33 siblings (ie, individual siblings of a pair of twins). We used biometric genetic modeling to estimate heritability of mtDNA content. We then used a case–control study with 260 case patients with renal cell carcinoma and 281 matched control subjects and multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the association between mtDNA content in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the risk of renal cell carcinoma. All statistical tests were two-sided. The heritability (ie, proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is attributable to genetic variation among individuals) of mtDNA content was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 50% to 72%; P < .001). Case patients with renal cell carcinoma had a statistically significantly lower mtDNA content (1.18 copies) than control subjects (1.29 copies) (difference = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.17; P = .006). Low mtDNA content (ie, less than the median in control subjects) was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of renal cell carcinoma, compared with high content (odds ratio = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.19). In a trend analysis, a statistically significant dose–response relationship was detected between lower mtDNA content and increasing risk of renal cell carcinoma ( P for trend <.001). mtDNA content appears to have high heritability. Low mtDNA content appears to be associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma.
Coronary vasodilator reserve in ischemic myocardium of the exercising dog.
Authors: D D Laxson, X Z Dai, D C Homans, R J Bache
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Previous work has reported that coronary vasodilator reserve may persist in myocardium rendered ischemic by hypoperfusion. This study investigated the presence and extent of residual coronary vasomotor tone in myocardial regions made acutely ischemic by a flow-limiting coronary stenosis during exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were done in chronically instrumented dogs undergoing treadmill exercise in the presence of a coronary stenosis that decreased distal left circumflex coronary artery perfusion pressure to approximately 40 mm Hg. Measurements of myocardial blood flow were made with radioactive microspheres during exercise (6.5 km/hr, 6% grade) before and during intracoronary infusion of the potent coronary vasodilator adenosine (40 micrograms/kg/min). Distal coronary perfusion pressure was held equal before and during intracoronary adenosine infusion (43 +/- 5 versus 42 +/- 5 mm Hg) by adjusting the hydraulic coronary occluder. During exercise in the presence of a coronary stenosis, myocardial blood flow (milliliter per minute per gram) was significantly reduced in all layers of the ischemic posterior region compared with the nonischemic anterior region. During intracoronary adenosine infusion, with no change in coronary perfusion pressure, myocardial blood flow was significantly increased compared with preadenosine flows for both the subendocardial layer flow (1.03 +/- 0.74 versus 0.66 +/- 0.50; p less than 0.05) and mean transmural flow (1.54 +/- 0.59 versus 1.16 +/- 0.36; p less than 0.05). In the presence of a coronary stenosis, regional myocardial segment shortening in the ischemic region during exercise fell significantly to 49 +/- 8% of shortening in the absence of a coronary stenosis but improved modestly during adenosine infusion (65 +/- 7 versus 49 +/- 8%; p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that adenosine-responsive coronary vasodilator reserve persists during exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and suggest that residual microvascular vasoconstrictor tone may affect the extent of myocardial hypoperfusion occurring consequent to a flow-limiting coronary stenosis.
Endoscopy of Multiple Phlebectasias of the Duodenum
Authors: J. Poelman, R. Hausman, S. Meijer
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

The case of multiple submucous phlebectasias of the duodenum in a 75 year old woman is described. The lesions were visualized as a peculiar blue-red mucosal discolouration with the gastrointestinal fiberscope. They caused prolonged and severe bleeding. Angiography demonstrated considerable arterio-venous shunting in the wall of the duodenum, due to the presence of arterio-venous anastomoses. One of these was found at the junction of a phlebectasia. Only by repeated histological examination of portions of the duodenum removed at surgery and at autopsy was it possible to demonstrate the vascular anomalies. No other source of bleeding was found.
1107 PREDICTIVE VALUE OF FIB-4 VS METAVIR ON SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN GENOTYPE 1 CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS: FINAL ANALYSIS FROM THE LARGE MULTINATIONAL PROPHESYS TRIAL
Authors: P. Ferenci, R. Aires, K.L. Beavers, M. Curescu, P.R. Abrão Ferreira, M. Gschwantler, S. Ion, D. Larrey, M.B. Maticic, M. Puoti, J. Sculler, I. Tornai, A. Tusnádi, D. Messinger, F. Tatsch, A. Horban
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Allograft rejection is restrained by short-lived TIM-3+PD-1+Foxp3+ Tregs
Authors: Shipra Gupta, Thomas B. Thornley, Wenda Gao, Rafael Larocca, Laurence A. Turka, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Terry B. Strom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Tregs play a pivotal role in inducing and maintaining donor-specific transplant tolerance. The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 protein (TIM-3) is expressed on many fully activated effector T cells. Along with program death 1 (PD-1), TIM-3 is used as a marker for exhausted effector T cells, and interaction with its ligand, galectin-9, leads to selective death of TIM-3+ cells. We report herein the presence of a galectin-9-sensitive CD4+FoxP3+TIM-3+ population of T cells, which arose from CD4+FoxP3+TIM-3- proliferating T cells in vitro and in vivo and were often PD-1+. These cells became very prominent among graft-infiltrating Tregs during allograft response. The frequency and number of TIM-3+ Tregs peaked at the time of graft rejection and declined thereafter. Moreover, these cells also arise in a tolerance-promoting donor-specific transfusion model, representing a pool of proliferating, donor-specific Tregs. Compared with TIM-3- Tregs, TIM-3+ Tregs, which are often PD-1+ as well, exhibited higher in vitro effector function and more robust expression of CD25, CD39, CD73, CTLA-4, IL-10, and TGF-β but not galectin-9. However, these TIM-3+ Tregs did not flourish when passively transferred to newly transplanted hosts. These data suggest that a heretofore unrecognized graft-infiltrating, short-lived subset of Tregs can restrain rejection.
Nutrition and sleep.
Authors: M Weller
Journal: BMJ (1972)

your article, were treated by radium only, and there seems little doubt that the high uterine dose necessary for a radium meno- pause is more likely to lead to later malig- nancy than the lower dose given by external irradiation.The indications for inducing a radiation menopause are few; for a radium menopause there are none.-I am, etc.,
Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Detected by 67Ga Scintigraphy and SPECT/CT
Authors: Jun Ho Kim, Ji-Hyeon Baek, Jin Soo Lee, In Young Hyun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Half of male populations will have symptoms and signs of prostatitis in their lifetime. There is controversy concerning diagnosis of prostatitis with (67)Ga scintigraphy because the focal midline pelvic uptake is usually considered to be physiologic uptake in colon. The authors describe (67)Ga scintigraphy and SPECT/CT findings of a 58-year-old man with right flank pain and fever. The examination demonstrated abnormal uptake of Ga within the prostate and right kidney upper pole, suggesting prostatitis and acute pyelonephritis (APN) contemporary. After completion of antibiotic treatment, follow-up scintigraphy and SPECT/CT showed complete resolution of APN, but uptake remained within the prostate.
Resiliency of Lung Cancers to EGFR Inhibitor Treatment Unveiled, Offering Opportunities to Divide and Conquer EGFR Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Collin M. Blakely, Trever G. Bivona
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2012)

The clinical success of EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in patients with lung cancer is limited by the inevitable development of treatment resistance. Two reports in this issue of Cancer Discovery uncover additional mechanisms by which EGFR-mutant lung cancers escape from EGFR kinase inhibitor treatment. These findings pave the way for clinical testing of new rational therapeutic strategies to prevent or overcome resistance to EGFR kinase inhibitors in the clinic.
Abstract 1866: Genome-wide association study for irinotecan-related severe toxicities in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ji-Youn Han, Eun Soon Shin, Ho Young Ghang, Yeon-Su Lee, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: We performed a case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with severe diarrhea and neutropenia in patients treated with irinotecan for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: We performed a case-control GWAS using the Affymetrix 5.0 array set in 103 patients enrolled in two phase II studies of with irinotecan and cisplatin. A subsequent replication study was conducted to validate major GWAS findings in an independent series of 146 patients enrolled in another phase II study of irinotecan-based chemotherapy. Cases were defined as patients with grade 3 diarrhea (G3D) or grade 4 neutropenia (G4N) according to the National Cancer institute's Common Terminology Criteria for adverse events v3.0. Results: The GWAS included 11 G3D (control 90) and 24 G4N (control 77). The replication set included 13 G3D (control 133) and 21 G4N (control 125). GWAS identified 49 and 32 SNPs putatively associated with G3D and G4N, respectively. In the replication series, SNPs, rs1517114 (C8orf34), rs1661167 (FLJ41856), and rs2745761 (PLCB1) were confirmed for G3D, and rs11128347 (PDZRN3), rs11979430 and rs7779029 (SEMAC3) were confirmed for G4N. Conclusion: This GWAS screen along with subsequent validation indentified novels SNPs associated with irinotecan-related severe toxicities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1866. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1866
Gallbladder Wall Thickening in Preeclampsia
Authors: Kathleen A. Gadwood, Carlos J. Reynes, Michael E. Flisak, John Gianopoulos, Paul Tomich, Roberta Karlman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Sonographic examination of the gallbladder in two patients with preeclampsia and right upper quadrant pain demonstrated notable thickening of the gallbladder wall. The sonographic abnormality and clinical symptoms completely resolved after delivery and/or medical management of the preeclampsia. This finding is probably secondary to the hypoalbuminemia characteristic of preeclampsia and should not be mistaken for intrinsic gallbladder disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:71-73)
The invisible cure Africa, the West, and the fight against AIDS
Authors: John P. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

In many ways, AIDS in Africa is no different from AIDS in the United States and Europe. It’s caused by the same virus (HIV), which kills people in the same way, although the opportunistic infections that evade HIV-compromised immune systems are caused by locally circulating pathogens, with tuberculosis to the fore in Africa. In The invisible cure: Africa, the West, and the fight against AIDS, Helen Epstein — a visiting research scholar at Princeton University — discusses important distinctions about AIDS in Africa, focusing on Uganda and South Africa, where she has covered the epidemic at close hand for 15 years. Her scientific training and time spent as a young researcher in a Ugandan laboratory help ensure she covers AIDS science accurately, although this is a peripheral theme. Her central focus is on a critical question: Why has HIV spread so much more efficiently among heterosexuals in Africa than anywhere else in the world?
Basic mechanisms of asthma.
Authors: H A Boushey, J V Fahy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Results of studies of the epidemiology, physiology, histopathology, and cell biology of asthma have revised our conception of the disease. Epidemiologic studies have shown asthma to be an important cause of death, suffering, and economic hardship. Physiologic studies have shown that asthma is a chronic illness characterized by persistent bronchial hyperreactivity. Histopathologic studies have shown characteristic changes: epithelial damage, deposition of collagen beneath the basement membrane, eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells, submucosal glands, and airway smooth muscle. Studies of the functions of cells in the airway mucosa suggest that asthma may be fundamentally mediated by a difference in the type of lymphocyte predominating in the airway mucosa but may also involve complex interactions among resident and migratory cells. Asthma may thus result from sensitization of a subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes, the Th2 subtype, in the airways. These lymphocytes produce a family of cytokines that favor IgE production and the growth and activation of mast cells and eosinophils, arming the airways with the mechanisms of response to subsequent reexposure to the allergen. This conceptual model has stimulated research along lines that will almost certainly lead to powerful new treatments, and it has already put current therapies in a new light, clarifying the role of antinflammatory agents, especially of inhaled corticosteroids. This conceptual model has some limitations: it ignores new evidence on the role of the mast cell in producing cytokines and depends on results of studies of the effects of inhalation of allergen, although most asthma exacerbations are provoked by viral respiratory infection. Preliminary studies suggest that viral infection and allergen inhalation may involve the activation of different pathways, with viral infection activating production of cytokines by airway epithelial cells. Similar study of the mechanisms activated by inhalation of air toxics may provide important clues as to how they might induce or exacerbate asthma.
Predictors of Successful Extubation in Children
Authors: RAVI R. THIAGARAJAN, SUSAN L. BRATTON, LYNN D. MARTIN, THOMAS V. BROGAN, DEBRA TAYLOR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Objective criteria to predict extubation outcome in mechanically ventilated children are not available. Our goal was to study factors associated with extubation success and to evaluate the usefulness of the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) and the compliance, resistance, oxygenation, and pressure index (CROP index) in children. Data were prospectively collected on 227 mechanically ventilated children. Patients successfully extubated had significantly better lung compliance (Cdyn: 0.59 +/- 0.91 versus 0.39 +/- 0.14 ml/kg/cm H(2)O), higher Pa(O(2))/FI(O(2)) ratio (382.4 +/- 181.2 versus 279.8 +/- 93.9), and lower Pa(CO(2)) (41.3 +/- 6.7 versus 47.3 +/- 8.5 mm Hg). Spontaneous breathing parameters showed significantly lower respiratory rates (RR) (36.6 +/- 17.9 versus 52.8 +/- 23 breaths/min), larger tidal volumes (VT) (7.3 +/- 2.6 versus 4.9 +/- 1.8 ml/kg), and greater muscle strength (negative inspiratory force [NIF]: 41.8 +/- 15.4 versus 35.1 +/- 12.5 cm H(2)O) in successfully extubated children. Extubation failures had higher RSBIs and lower CROP index values. A RSBI value of </= 8 breaths/ml/kg had a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 74%, whereas a CROP value of >/= 0.15 ml/kg/breaths/min had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 53% for extubation success. Children failing extubation demonstrate abnormalities of respiratory function. The RSBI and CROP index are useful to predict pediatric extubation success.
The Supreme Court's Historic Ruling on the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reductive evolution suggested from the complete genome sequence of a plant-pathogenic phytoplasma
Authors: Kenro Oshima, Shigeyuki Kakizawa, Hisashi Nishigawa, Hee-Young Jung, Wei Wei, Shiho Suzuki, Ryo Arashida, Daisuke Nakata, Shin-ichi Miyata, Masashi Ugaki, Shigetou Namba
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Balancing benefits and harms
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

It is a basic principle of pharmacotherapy that all drugs have beneficial and harmful effects. And as Risto Huupponen and Jorma Viikari say in their editorial this week, it is the doctor’s job to find a justified balance between them (doi:10.1136/bmj.f3156). When it comes to statins, the balancing act must now include the risk of diabetes. But is this a class effect or is the risk higher with some statins than with others?

A meta-analysis in the Lancet three years ago identified an increased risk of diabetes in people taking statins. Now, Aleesa A Carter and colleagues have analysed data from nearly 500 000 new users of statins. …
Sarcomas of the brain.
Authors: H. M. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The value of this book lies in the detailed presentation of representative cases of these uncommon intracranial neoplasms. In the authors' series these neoplasms constituted 3% of all their intracranial tumors (241 of 8,070 cases). Additional attractive features of the volume are the brief historical resumés of the nomenclature and the fine quality of the photomicrographs. These permit comparison of one's own tumors of this category (in series perhaps not nearly as extensive as the authors' Mayo Clinic collection) and thereby can aid greatly in classification. Certain preferences in terminology adopted by Kernohan and Uihlein may be questioned. An example of this is the designation of osteogenic sarcoma of the brain. The genesis of this tumor is not, of course, from bone. It is a fibrosarcoma which forms osteoid tissue, a common enough feature of some extra-cranial, nonosteogenic fibrosarcomas. On the same grounds, objection may be raised to the term
Lung Cancer Screening Gets Risk-Specific
Authors: J. Peres
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

BRIEF COMMUNICATION Genetic Variant as a Selection Marker for Anti–Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Immunotherapy of Bladder Cancer Indu Kohaar, Patricia Porter-Gill, Petra Lenz, Yi-Ping Fu, Adam Mumy, Wei Tang, Andrea B. Apolo, Nathaniel Rothman, Dalsu Baris, Alan R. Schned, Kris Ylaya, Molly Schwenn, Alison Johnson, Michael Jones, Masatoshi Kida, Debra T. Silverman, Stephen M. Hewitt, Lee E. Moore, and Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson 69
Structure of platelet glycoprotein IIIa. A common subunit for two different membrane receptors.
Authors: A B Zimrin, R Eisman, G Vilaire, E Schwartz, J S Bennett, M Poncz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex is a member of a family of alpha/beta heterodimers that function as receptors for adhesive proteins. In this report we describe the structure of the human beta subunit GPIIIa deduced from an analysis of 4.0 kb of overlapping cDNA sequences isolated from a human erythroleukemia (HEL) cell cDNA expression library. A continuous open reading frame encoding all 788 amino acids for GPIIIa was present. The deduced amino acid sequence included a 26-residue amino-terminal signal peptide, a 29-residue transmembrane domain near the carboxy terminus, and four tandemly repeated cysteine-rich domains of 33-38 residues. An exact correspondence of 128 amino acids from seven human platelet GPIIIa fragments with HEL GPIIIa indicates that HEL and platelet GPIIIa are the same gene product. The HEL GPIIIa sequence was compared with the sequences of the beta subunit for the human LFA-1/Mac-1/p150.95 complex and human endothelial cell GPIIIa, revealing a 38% similarity with the former and virtual identity with the latter. Northern blot analysis using RNA from both HEL and endothelial cells revealed two GPIIIa transcripts of 5.9 and 4.1 kb. However, HEL RNA, but not endothelial cell RNA, contained a transcript for GPIIb. This indicates that the GPIIIa-containing heterodimers in platelets and endothelial cells are not identical structures, but are members of a subfamily within the human family of adhesion protein receptors sharing an identical beta subunit.