tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Partial Liquid Ventilation with and without Inhaled Nitric Oxide in a Newborn Piglet Model of Meconium Aspiration
Authors: KEITH J. BARRINGTON, AVASH J. SINGH, PHILLIP C. ETCHES, NEIL N. FINER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The object of this study was to determine the effects of partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with and without inhaled nitric oxide (NO) over a 4-h period on lung mechanics, gas exchange, and hemodynamics in an animal model of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Twenty-four fentanyl-anesthetized piglets were instrumented and administered a slurry of human meconium to create a model with hypoxia, hypercarbia, acidosis, and pulmonary hypertension. They were then randomly assigned to conventional ventilation, conventional ventilation plus inhaled NO at 40 ppm, PLV using perfluorodecalin, or PLV plus inhaled NO. The perfluorocarbon was added until a meniscus was visible in the endotracheal tube during expiration. Hemodynamics, lung mechanics, and gas exchange were monitored for 4 h, and then the animals were killed. The conventionally ventilated animals continued to deteriorate, and three of the six died prior to 4 h. All the animals in the remaining groups survived. Oxygenation improved significantly immediately with the start of inhaled NO (from 43.8 SD 10.3 to 62.6 SD 11.7 mm Hg after 30 min) and stayed elevated compared with the control group for the remainder of the study (62.4 SD 21.8 mm Hg at 4 h compared with 44.9 SD 1.6 mm Hg for the control group, p < 0.05). Oxygenation improved more slowly in the PLV alone group, being slightly less than control at 30 min (p = NS) but increasing to 104 SD 34.9 after 4 h (p < 0.01 compared with the control group), at which time it was also greater than inhaled NO alone (p < 0.05). The combined group had an acute increase in oxygenation indistinguishable from the NO alone group and maintained this until the end of the study. Lung compliance was unaffected in the inhaled NO group. In both the liquid ventilation groups the lung compliance improved with the instillation of perfluorodecalin (from 0.46 SD 0.18 to 0.62 SD 0.09 ml/cm H2O/kg in the PLV alone group at 1 h, p < 0.05 compared with the control group) and remained stable for the remainder of the study. Cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance were not significantly affected by any of the treatments. It was concluded that in this animal model of MAS, inhaled NO led to an acute improvement in gas exchange and prolonged survival compared with conventional therapy. PLV improved lung mechanics, which was maintained over the course of the study. The combination of PLV and inhaled NO produced both effects, acutely improving both gas exchange and lung mechanics. Combined therapy with PLV and inhaled NO may have benefits in the MAS. Barrington KJ, Singh AJ, Etches PC, Finer NN. Partial liquid ventilation with and without inhaled nitric oxide in a newborn piglet model of meconium aspiration.
Distinct Developmental Origins Manifest in the Specialized Encoding of Movement by Adult Neurons of the External Globus Pallidus
Authors: Paul D. Dodson, Joseph T. Larvin, James M. Duffell, Farid N. Garas, Natalie M. Doig, Nicoletta Kessaris, Ian C. Duguid, Rafal Bogacz, Simon J.B. Butt, Peter J. Magill
Journal: Neuron (2015)

Transcriptional codes initiated during brain development are ultimately realized in adulthood as distinct cell types performing specialized roles in behavior. Focusing on the mouse external globus pallidus (GPe), we demonstrate that the potential contributions of two GABAergic GPe cell types to voluntary action are fated from early life to be distinct. Prototypic GPe neurons derive from the medial ganglionic eminence of the embryonic subpallium and express the transcription factor Nkx2-1. These neurons fire at high rates during alert rest, and encode movements through heterogeneous firing rate changes, with many neurons decreasing their activity. In contrast, arkypallidal GPe neurons originate from lateral/caudal ganglionic eminences, express the transcription factor FoxP2, fire at low rates during rest, and encode movements with robust increases in firing. We conclude that developmental diversity positions prototypic and arkypallidal neurons to fulfil distinct roles in behavior via their disparate regulation of GABA release onto different basal ganglia targets.
The History and Physical Generator.
Authors: GUILLERMO GUTIERREZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Software1 October 1986The History and Physical Generator.GUILLERMO GUTIERREZ, M.D., Ph.D.GUILLERMO GUTIERREZ, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-651 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTHE HISTORY AND PHYSICAL GENERATOR program generates reports based on medical histories and physical examinations. The program produces four types of reports: comprehensive, routine, brief, and pediatric examinations. The comprehensive physical examination is very detailed and serves as the core of the program; both the routine and brief examinations are derived from it. Included in the comprehensive examination are complete medical and family histories and an exhaustive review of systems. The routine examination is not as thorough, and is recommended for use in insurance reports and pre-employment examinations. The brief examination allows detailed information to be entered on one organ... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4Page: 651-651KeywordsSystematic reviews Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Complications of Silicone Elastomer Prostheses
Authors: Alfred B. Swanson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing in response to the article "Silicone Lymphadenopathy and Synovitis" by Christie, Weinberger, and Dietrich (237:1463, 1977). The authors described a socalled "detritic synovitis" associated with silicone particles around finger joint implants and also two cases of single lymph node involvement with what appeared to be silicone particles within macrophage cells. We do not disagree that it is possible to have detritic material enter the lymph node filtering system and be deposited in lymph nodes. However, we have never seen this in more than 2,000 of our patients, nor has it been reported to us in our more than 300 field clinics around the world except in one case, which was previously reported. We also are in the process of publishing a paper of the pathological examination of two animals that had implants in them for more than ten years without any evidence of lymph
Ventricular Fibrillation Scaling Exponent Can Guide Timing of Defibrillation and Other Therapies
Authors: James J. Menegazzi, Clifton W. Callaway, Lawrence D. Sherman, David P. Hostler, Henry E. Wang, Kristofer C. Fertig, Eric S. Logue
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The scaling exponent (ScE) of the ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform correlates with duration of VF and predicts defibrillation outcome. We compared 4 therapeutic approaches to the treatment of VF of various durations.Seventy-two swine (19.5 to 25.7 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 groups (n=8 each). VF was induced and left untreated until the ScE reached 1.10, 1.20, 1.30, or 1.40. Animals were treated with either immediate countershock (IC); 3 minutes of CPR before the first countershock (CPR); CPR for 2 minutes, then drugs given with 3 more minutes of CPR before the first shock (CPR-D); or drugs given at the start of CPR with 3 minutes of CPR before the first shock (Drugs+CPR). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and 1-hour survival were analyzed with chi2 and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. IC was effective when the ScE was low but had decreasing success as the ScE increased. No animals in the 1.30 or 1.40 groups had ROSC from IC (0 of 16). CPR did not improve first shock outcome in the 1.20 CPR group (3 of 8 ROSC). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses indicated that IC significantly delayed time to ROSC in both the 1.3 (P=0.0006) and the 1.4 (P=0.005) groups.VF of brief to moderate duration is effectively treated by IC. When VF is prolonged, as indicated by an ScE of 1.3 or greater, IC was not effective and delayed time to ROSC. The ScE can help in choosing the first intervention in the treatment of VF.
EVALUATION OF REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION AND BENZODIAZEPINE EFFECT ON PERFUSION USING 99mTc-HMPAO/SPECT METHOD
Authors: K Yazici, L ?? Kapucu, B Erbas, E Varoglu, C G??lec, C F Bekdik, A Ulusahin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Yazici, K; Kapucu, L Ö; Erbas, B; Varoglu, E; Gülec, C; Bekdik, C F; Ulusahin, A Author Information
SCLERODERMATOUS GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE LIMITED TO AN AREA OF MEASLES EXANTHEM
Authors: JohnR Fenyk, PhyllisI Warkentin, RobertW Goltz, MarkE Nesbit, PeterF Coccia, ClarkM Smith, William Krivit, JohnE Neely, NormaK.C Ramsay, JohnH Kersey
Journal: The Lancet (1978)
Dietary restrictions and cancer.
Authors: R W Hart, A Turturro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Dietary restriction (DR) alters a significant environmental factor in carcinogenesis, dietary intake, thus inhibiting both spontaneous and induced tumorigenesis. Potential mechanisms for the inhibition of spontaneous cancer may include the effects of DR to do the following: decrease body weight, which decreases cellular proliferation and increases apoptosis in a number of organs that increase and decrease with body size; decrease body temperature, thereby lowering the amount of endogenous DNA damage temperature generates; decrease oxidative damage, by increasing antioxidant damage defense systems; decrease, generally, cellular proliferation; and protect the fidelity of the genome by decreasing DNA damage, increasing DNA repair, and preventing aberrant gene expression. Potential mechanisms for reducing induced tumor incidence include lowering agent activation, changing agent disposition, decreasing the adducts most associated with agent toxicity, and inhibiting tumor progression through mechanisms similar to those that can effect spontaneous tumorigenesis. As a method to control a major source of environmental cancer, and as the major modulator of the agent induction of this disease, understanding how DR works may significantly contribute to the efforts to explain how diet impacts on development of cancer in the United States, and may suggest methods to reduce the adverse impacts of other environmental agents on the disease.
The myeloproliferative reaction in a child with down syndrome: Cytological and chromosomal evidence for a transient leukemia
Authors: Kenneth H. Lazarus, Nyla A. Heerema, Catherine G. Palmer, Robert L. Baehner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Infants with Down syndrome occasionally develop marked myeloproliferative reactions (MPR) indistinguishable from acute myelocytic leukemia but which spontaneously regress. Most authors have attributed MPR to immature or defective control on bone marrow development. In this report serial cytomorphologic and chromosomal findings in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of a child with the MPR suggests that MPR may be due to a spontaneously regressing clone of malignant cells. At the height of the myeloproliferative response, chromosomal studies demonstrated a clone of blast‐like cells with a 21‐22 translocation consistent with Down Syndrome and an X‐8 translocation which was present only in the initial peripheral blood analysis harvested at 24 hours but was not present in the 72 hours samples. This X‐8 translocation was not demonstrated in bone marrow or peripheral blood samples obtained at random times throughout the one year followup. During this period there was complete resolution of the MPR. In addition the chromosomes from one cell demonstrated several double minutes at the time of the MPR. Double minutes have previously been reported only in malignant diseases, especially tumors of neural origin and leukemia. These findings raise questions about the benign origin of the MPR and support the idea the MPR may be the result of a spontaneously regressing clone of malignant cells.
STUDIES UPON EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA IN RABBITS
Authors: B. S. Kline, M. C. Winternitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

1. Rabbits recovering from one attack of experimental pneumonia possess an active immunity. Such animals may subsequently withstand repeated increasing doses of pneumococci intratracheally. 2. Death may supervene after any one of subsequent injections, but it seems to depend partly upon the chronic changes in the cardiorespiratory apparatus. It may at least be said that it is usually unassociated with a septicemia which is an invariable accompaniment of fatal primary lobar pneumonia. 3. The serum from animals actively immunized by the repeated intratracheal inoculations with pneumococci may be used successfully to confer a passive immunity against the homologous organism.
Tietze's Disease
Authors: A. M. Gill, R. Arden, L. Pollak
Journal: BMJ (1942)

In 1921 Tietze described 4 patients aged from 28 to 50, 3 females and 1 male, who all showed the same clinical picture-viz., swellings of costal cartilages of insidious onset associated with little or no constitutional disturb- ance, spontaneously painful, and with a prolonged course characterized by fluctuations in the size and tenderness of the swellings.Though one case was followed for over a year, no signs of suppuration developed.The lesions were firm and were confined to the cartilages, which appeared to be expanded locally.The skin over them was normal and freely movable.In one case the intercostal space was filled by the mass.In two patients, aged 42 and 50, radiographs showed calcification of the cartilage, but this may have been coincidental.In reporting these cases Tietze stressed his ignorance of their nature and the fact that, although he had encountered them all in a short space of time, he had not previously seen a similar condition and could find no reference to earlier descriptions of such cases.Following Tietze's paper, Harttung (1923) described a very similar case which he also had seen in 1921.Radiographs disclosed no changes, but biopsy of part of the diseased cartilage revealed calcification and fibrosis.He referred also to another case reported in 1921 at the Medical Society of Breslau by Froehlich, in which four rib cartilages were involved and which had developed during the course of one year.At the same meeting Kuettner, in the discussion on this case, mentioned several similar cases, in one of which biopsy showed small nodules consisting of fibroblasts and many giant cells.No further references have been found in the literature since that time, except for a paper by two Japanese authors, Satani and Fujii (1937), who reported 9 cases of Tietze's disease occurring in under-nourished women.Radiographs showed in one case atrophy of the rib cartilage, and in another shortening of the rib and calcification of the cartilage; in all other cases radiology revealed no abnormality.Biopsy in these cases revealed fibrosis, ossification, and atrophy, there being neither granulation tissue nor pus.During the last few months we have observed 5 young soldiers showing the syndrome described by Tietze, and owing to its rarity we have considered these cases worthy of record.That this condition should have been encountered so frequently in such a short period indicates that at present it is no longer so rare as the scarcity of references suggests.Personal com- munications tend to support this contention and confirm its former rarity.Case Reports Case 1. Aged 27.-Six days before admission the patient
Book: Medicine and Magnificence: British Hospital and Asylum Architecture 1660-1815
Authors: J. H. Baron
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Christine Stevenson Yale University Press, £30, pp 312 ISBN 0 300 08536 2 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> There were more than a thousand medieval English hospitals, almost all modest. From the middle of the 15th century, rulers in western Europe commissioned great new hospitals for their own and their cities' glory, as well as deeds of charity that might secure them and their families life everlasting. Their motives included piety, prestige, and pleasure. Our renaissance ruler Henry VII based his vast 100-patient Savoy hospital on these motives and Italian models. He ensured there were Tudor roses on the gowns of the staff and on the Tudor coloured counterpanes of the beds; the roof and stained glass windows were also of royal quality. Large, arched windows illuminated the galleries … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Real-time <i>In Vivo</i> Molecular Detection of Primary Tumors and Metastases with Ratiometric Activatable Cell-Penetrating Peptides
Authors: Elamprakash N. Savariar, Csilla N. Felsen, Nadia Nashi, Tao Jiang, Lesley G. Ellies, Paul Steinbach, Roger Y. Tsien, Quyen T. Nguyen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Management of metastatic disease is integral to cancer treatment. Evaluation of metastases often requires surgical removal of all anatomically susceptible lymph nodes for ex vivo pathologic examination. We report a family of novel ratiometric activatable cell-penetrating peptides, which contain Cy5 as far red fluorescent donor and Cy7 as near-infrared fluorescent acceptor. Cy5 is quenched in favor of Cy7 re-emission until the intervening linker is cut by tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9 (MMP2,9) or elastases. Such cleavage increases the Cy5:Cy7 emission ratio 40-fold and triggers tissue retention of the Cy5-containing fragment. This ratiometric increase provides an accelerated and quantifiable metric to identify primary tumors and metastases to liver and lymph nodes with increased sensitivity and specificity. This technique represents a significant advance over existing nonratiometric protease sensors and sentinel lymph node detection methods, which give no information about cancer invasion.
The Relation of Age to Certain Measures of Performance of the Heart and the Circulation
Authors: MILTON LANDOWNE, MARTIN BRANDFONBRENER, NATHAN W. SHOCK
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The resting cardiac output measurements presented in the preceding article are analyzed in relation to intra-arterial pressure to provide estimates of peripheral circulatory state and of central cardiac performance. The calculated agewise increase in net vascular resistance which is responsible for the decrease in perfusion, indicates that circulatory attrition with age, on the average, outstrips the expected reduction in basal metabolism of the individual. Despite this lessened peripheral requirement, one may adduce evidences for a trend toward diminished cardiac reserve with age even in these subjects who revealed no clinical cardiac abnormality. The feasibility of predicting an individual's cardiac output from his blood pressure is commented upon.
MORE THAN SEVENTY PERCENT OF SUMO WRESTLERS HAVE RADIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN THEIR CERVICAL SPINE
Authors: Y Nakagawa, S Mukai, Y Hattori, T Nakamura
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Sumo has long been a traditional sport in Japan, and recently is becoming a popular sport that is rapidly attracting enthusiasts abroad. With the aim of having the sport included in the Olympics, World Women's Sumo Championships as well as World Sumo Championship have also been held since 1999. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the radiological changes in the cervical spine in freshman collegiate and high school sumo wrestlers and the relationship between the radiological changes and the cervical spine symptoms. Design Epidemiology. Setting High school league and elite division. Participants We examined one hundred and sixteen freshman collegiate and 41 high school sumo wrestlers who belonged to the Japanese Sumo Federation. They were high level players. Interventions They underwent routine radiographic examination of their cervical spine and questionnaire of their cervical symptoms as a medical check. Results Their mean height was 175.1 cm, weight was 113.9 kg, body mass index was 37.1 kg/m 2 , and sumo career was 8.5 years in college. High school sumo wrestlers were significantly smaller than collegiate ones in weight, BMI and sumo career. 14 high school wrestlers (34.1%) and 46 collegiate ones (39.7%) had some cervical symptoms. The correlation between the deformity of cervical spine and cervical syndrome was significant. Seventy-three percent showed disappearance in lordosis, 39% showed osteophyte formation (mainly C3/4), 6% showed disc space narrowing (mainly C5/6) and 54% showed narrowing in the cervical nerve root foramen (mainly C3/4). Conclusion Comparing with our previous study, we concluded that the disappearance in lordosis and narrowing in the cervical nerve root foramen of C3/4 was due to the axial load they incurred in training during high school, and osteophyte formation and disc space narrowing of C5/6 occurred in training during collegiate and postgraduate in sumo wrestling.
PARALYSES FOLLOWING ACUTE DISEASES.
Authors: JOHN FERGUSON
Journal: JAMA (1892)

There are some varieties of paralyses that follow acute diseases which present some features of great interest. This interest can never cease until the true pathology underlying these cases has been fully worked out. My remarks on the present occasion are with the view, that though they may not settle, they may suggest the lines on which some of these cases may yet be solved. In doing this I shall appeal almost entirely to my own cases. First let me lay down the general ways in which acute diseases may be supposed to act on the nervous matter. 1. That these paralyses are due to the direct action of the virus of the disease. 2. That they are due to some poison left in the system by the disease; and that acts after the disease itself has disappeared. 3. That they are due to some other poison that acts conjointly,
Humanism and Fact-Finding in Medicine
Authors: Stanley J. Reiser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The scientific revolution, which had its fundamental beginnings in the 16th century, generated a singularly productive method of investigating the natural world. The method entailed, basically, learning how things worked by the analysis of complex matter into its components. Facts were generated and tested through experiments that others (skeptics) could reproduce. As Isaac Newton once explained: "Although the arguing from Experiments and Observations by Induction be no Demonstration of general Conclusions; yet it is the best way of arguing which the Nature of Things admits of...By this way of Analysis we may procede from Compounds to Ingredients, and from Motions . . .
Court hears shaken baby cases
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Court of Appeal in London was asked this week to quash the convictions of four parents or carers convicted of killing or injuring babies by shaking them, in a case that could change the way courts deal with cases of shaken babies.

The four were convicted solely on the basis of expert evidence that had now been thrown into doubt, Michael Mansfield QC told Mr Justice Gross, Lord Justice Gage, and Mr Justice McFarlane.

The judges were told that research since 2001 had …
A memorable patient: A shocking recollection
Authors: A. Rinsler
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Some 25 years ago, in general practice, I was visiting an elderly woman who was suffering from a chest infection, but who fortunately was not very ill. I was examining the back of her chest when I felt a tingling in my left hand which was in contact with her skin. I had already observed that the patient had an electric blanket in her bed. The patient said, “It's all right Doctor, it's switched off.” …