tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Surgical Treatment of Parkinsonism
Authors: F. J. Gillingham, W. S. Watson, A. A. Donaldson, J. A. L. Naughton
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Until recent years the surgical treatment of Parkin- sonism has been largely confined to interruption of the cortico-spinal pathways at various levels: at the cerebral cortex, internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, and spinal cord.The results of these different procedures and their associated morbidity were not encouraging, and the physiological basis of their application was not sufficiently secure to inspire confidence in the pursuit of the problem in this way.Russell Myers, of New York (1942), changed the direction of our thinking by the observation that opera- tive interruption of the pallidofugal fibres might modify rigidity and tremor in patients with Parkinsonism.His open operative approach, through the corpus callosum and third ventricle, was formidable and necessarily hazardous.Nevertheless, the early results indicated that his basic concept was correct.Fendlon, of Paris (1950), described an improved approach using a subfrontal route to the anterior perforated substance, interrupting the ansa lenticularis immediately above the termination of the optic tract by a thermal lesion, using electrocoagulation.The results were promising, and his method was adopted by Guiot and Brion (1953) and others, including ourselves, with conspicuous success.
Educational Attainment in Long-term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Riccardo Haupt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the impact of treatment on scholastic performance in the first cohort of survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia who are old enough to have completed their educational experience. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Twenty-three institutions in the Childrens Cancer Group. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A total of 593 adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 409 sibling controls. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Enrollment in special programs, grades during high school, graduation from high school, college admission, and college graduation. <h3>Results.</h3> —After diagnosis, survivors were more likely than their sibling controls to enter a special education (relative risk [RR] =3.4;<i>P</i>&lt;.01) or a learning disabled (RR=3.6;<i>P</i>&lt;.01 ) program, while just as likely to enter gifted and talented programs (RR=1.0). The risk associated with special education and learning disabled programs increased with increasing dose of cranial radiotherapy. Despite these problems, survivors generally had the same probability as their siblings of finishing high school, entering college, and earning a bachelor's degree. However, survivors treated with 24 Gy and those diagnosed before 6 years of age were less likely to enter college (RR=0.67 and 0.6, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.01). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —This large study demonstrates that childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors have a greater likelihood of being placed in special education or learning disabled programs than their siblings, but that most are able to overcome these problems. Dose of cranial radiotherapy and age at diagnosis are the most important education-related risk factors. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1427-1432)
Is there a north-south divide in social class inequalities in health in Great Britain? Cross sectional study using data from the 2001 census
Authors: Tim Doran, Frances Drever, Margaret Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To examine individual social class inequalities in self rated general health within and between the constituent countries of Great Britain and the regions of England. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional study using data from the 2001 national census. <b>Setting</b> Great Britain. <b>Participants</b> Adults aged between 25 and 64 in Great Britain and enumerated in the 2001 population census (n = 25.6 million). <b>Main outcome measures</b> European age standardised rates of self rated general health, for men and women classified by the government social class scheme. <b>Results</b> In each of the seven social classes, Wales and the North East and North West regions of England had high rates of poor health. There were large social class inequalities in self rated health, with rates of poor health generally increasing from class 1 (higher professional occupations) to class 7 (routine occupations). The size of the health divide varied between regions: the largest rate ratios for routine versus higher professional classes were for Scotland (2.9 for men; 2.8 for women) and London (2.9 for men; 2.4 for women). Women had higher rates of poor health compared to men in the same social class, except in class 6 (semi-routine occupations). <b>Conclusions</b> A northwest-southeast divide in social class inequalities existed in Great Britain at the start of the 21st century, with each of the seven social classes having higher rates of poor health in Wales, the North East and North West regions of England than elsewhere. The widest health gap between social classes, however, was in Scotland and London, adding another dimension to the policy debate on resource allocation and targets to tackle the health divide.
Persistent allopeptide reactivity and epitope spreading in chronic rejection of organ allografts.
Authors: R Ciubotariu, Z Liu, A I Colovai, E Ho, S Itescu, S Ravalli, M A Hardy, R Cortesini, E A Rose, N Suciu-Foca
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The role of the indirect allorecognition pathway in acute allograft rejection has been documented both in organ recipients and in experimental models. However, it is unknown whether self-restricted recognition of donor alloantigens also contributes to chronic allograft rejection. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between allopeptide reactivity, epitope spreading, and chronic rejection. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to the hypervariable region of 32 HLA-DR alleles, we have followed the specificity of self-restricted T cell alloresponses to the donor in a population of 34 heart allograft recipients. T cells from sequential samples of blood collected from the patients up to 36 mo after transplantation were studied in limiting dilution analysis for allopeptide reactivity. The incidence of coronary artery vasculopathy (CAV) was significantly higher in patients who displayed persistent alloreactivity late after transplantation than in patients who showed no alloreactivity after the first 6 mo after transplantation. Both intra- and intermolecular spreading of epitopes was observed with an increased frequency in patients developing CAV in less than 2 yr, compared with patients without CAV; this suggests that diversification of the immune response against the graft contributes to chronic rejection. These data provide a strategy for identifying patients at risk of developing CAV and a rationale for therapeutic intervention aimed to prevent the progression of the rejection process.
Reversion of hepatobiliary alterations by bone marrow transplantation in a murine model of erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: Antonio Fontanellas, Frèdèric Mazurier, Marc Landry, Laurence Taine, Carine Morel, Monique Larou, Jean-Yves Daniel, Xavier Montagutelli, Rafael Enriquez de Salamanca, Hubert de Verneuil
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is characterized clinically by cutaneous photosensitivity and biochemically by the accumulation of excessive amounts of protoporphyrin in erythrocytes, plasma, feces, and other tissues, such as the liver. The condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant or recessive trait, with a deficiency of ferrochelatase activity. A major concern in EPP patients is the development of cholestasis with accumulation of protoporphyrin in hepatobiliary structures and progressive cellular damage, which can rapidly lead to fatal hepatic failure. The availability of a mouse model for the disease, the Fech m1Pas /Fech m1Pas mutant mouse, allowed us to test a cellular therapy protocol to correct the porphyric phenotype. When Fech/Fech mice received bone marrow cells from normal animals, the accumulation of protoporphyrin in red blood cells and plasma was reduced 10-fold but still remained 2.5 times above normal levels. Interestingly, in very young animals, bone marrow transplantation can prevent hepatobiliary complications as well as hepatocyte alterations and partially reverse protoporphyrin accumulation in the liver. Bone marrow transplantation may be an option for EPP patients who are at risk of developing hepatic complications.
Rheumatic Fever in Colorado
Authors: Paul Rhodes
Journal: JAMA (1975)

NOT ONLY has the incidence of rheumatic fever been decreasing since 1900, but the florid manifestations have also been decreasing. Rheumatic fever is no longer a dramatic disease, and many physicians no longer consider it of much significance. But, is it a bygone, conquered disease? Officially, rheumatic fever is apparently grossly underreported in most states.<sup>1</sup>For example, in Oklahoma, eight cases of acute rheumatic fever were reported in 1969, but Silberg et al<sup>2</sup>surveyed all the Oklahoma hospitals for that year and found an overall incidence of 4.2/100,000 persons, which does not include nonhospitalized cases. Age-specific rates in the 5- to 9- and 10- to 14-year age groups were 11.3 and 14.2/100,000, respectively. <h3>Colorado</h3> The figures are equally confusing for Colorado, which has a reputation for high rates of streptococcal disease and rheumatic fever because of the high incidence in the military camps of World War II. In
Strategies of Rehabilitation in the Day Hospital
Authors: Gabriella Ba
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

A correct and fruitful rehabilitation strategy should consider the following points: (1) the achievement of a psychic equilibrium with a reduction of the psychopathological symptoms; (2) the evaluation of the psychological handicap; (3) a profile of the abilities of the subject that undergoes rehabilitation. You can easily achieve the first two points during hospitalization. The third point can be achieved through the study of the interaction of the subject with his or her environment. This study can be carried out in the Day Hospital where, through groups of psychotherapy, family counseling and various sociotherapeutic activities, it is possible to increase and improve the ability of the subject to relate with the others and to cope adequately with his or her environment. In this paper we present the philosophy and the therapeutic strategies of the Day Hospital of the Psychiatric Department of the University of Milan.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of intravenous and intramuscular recombinant alpha<sub>2</sub> interferon in patients with malignancies
Authors: I Shah, M Samson, J Young, R Robinson, B Bailey, A M Lerner, A S Prasad
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Fifteen patients with advanced hematopoietic and other malignancies were treated with recombinant DNA produced Alpha 2 Interferon (IFN) (Schering) by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) routes at weekly intervals in escalating doses from 1 × 10 6 IU to 100 × 10 6 IU in order to determine the tolerance and pharmacokinetics. The most common side effects included fever, chills, myalgia, and arthralgia. At doses of 60 × 10 6 or above, severe but reversible hypotension was observed in five patients receiving interferon by intravenous route. Patients receiving interferon by intramuscular route had fever, chills, and myalgias but did not develop hypotension at the same dosage. Two patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma showed objective evidence of regression. Our data suggest a biphasic pattern of elimination with terminal half‐life ranging from 1.9 to 2.9 hours and peak titer of 16,000 units and under for IV interferon, and terminal half‐life of 6 hours with peak titers of 600 units for intramuscular interferon. However, interpatient variability precludes a definite conclusion. Although the areas under the serum concentration vs time curves were similar, the intravenous route provided higher but unsustained levels of interferon than the intramuscular route.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS OF LESION WITH VERY LATE RESTENOSIS AFTER BARE METAL STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Maoto Habara, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Yoshihiro Ko, Tsuyoshi Ito, Soichiro Ebisawa, Tairo Kurita, Nobuyoshi Tanaka, Kenya Nasu, Masashi Kimura, Tatsuya Ito, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Mariko Ehara, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Yasushi Asakura, Osamu Kato, Takahiko Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF A POLYMER-FREE DUAL DRUG-ELUTING STENT VERSUS POLYMER-BASED DRUG-ELUTING STENTS - TWO-YEAR CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES
Authors: Robert A. Byrne, Adnan Kastrati, Klaus Tiroch, Stefanie Schulz, Jürgen Pache, Susanne Pinieck, Steffen Massberg, Melchior Seyfarth, Katrin A. Birkmeier, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 3111: The ETS factor ETV1 is an oncogene in melanoma
Authors: Judit Jane-Valbuena, Hans Widlund, Sven Perner, Laura Johnson, Aurora Dibner, William Lin, Alissa Baker, Rosalynn Nazarian, Krishna Vijayendran, William Sellers, William Hahn, Lyn Duncan, Mark Rubin, David Fisher, Levi A. Garraway
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Chromosome 7 copy gains are a recurrent genomic alteration in melanoma. Previous genomic studies identified a common peak of gain within 7p, highlighting it as a region likely to contain “driver” cancer genes. In this study, we identified several melanoma samples with focal amplification events located within this peak, and found that the overlapping region of these amplicons contained the locus of the ETS transcription factor and oncogene, ETV1. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis of a progressive melanoma tissue microarray revealed ETV1 amplification in 13% of the primary tumors and 18%of the metastatic melanomas, whereas no amplification in nevus samples. Silencing of ETV1 expression demonstrated dependency on ETV1 expression for proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in some melanoma cell lines. Moreover, over-expression of ETV1 in combination with oncogenic NRASG12D transformed primary melanocytes and promoted tumor formation in mice. Interestingly, overexpression of ETV1 increased MITF expression, a known oncogene in melanoma. Together, these observations suggest an oncogenic role for ETS transcription factors in general and ETV1 in particular in melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3111.
Concerns about latest NICE guidelines on acute heart failure
Authors: D. K. Satchithananda, A. Patwala, D. Barker, G. Dwivedi, M. Mamas
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We have several comments on the summary of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) acute heart failure guideline.1

The guideline fails to define acute heart failure and to differentiate it from hospital admission for heart failure. The two conditions are not synonymous. Acute heart failure is the final clinical presentation of differing haemodynamic “phenotypes,” with less …
Acyclovir and Ganciclovir in Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Nina Singh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 September 1994Acyclovir and Ganciclovir in CytomegalovirusNina Singh, MD and Victor L. Yu, MDNina Singh, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Victor L. Yu, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-5-199409010-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Moss appears to have misinterpreted the study design [1]. Only the experimental group, not the acyclovir group, received short-course ganciclovir as prophylaxis for CMV infection (shedding). Thus, the study compared acyclovir with no prophylaxis in the treatment of CMV infection (shedding) and compared acyclovir with preemptive short-course (7 days) ganciclovir prophylaxis in treating CMV disease. The incidence of CMV infection did not differ between patients receiving acyclovir and those receiving no prophylaxis. Cytomegalovirus disease, however, occurred significantly less frequently in the group receiving preemptive ganciclovir prophylaxis for CMV shedding. Any patient (in either group) developing CMV disease ...Reference1. Singh N, Yu VL, Mieles L, Wagener MM, Miner RC, Gayowski T. High-dose acyclovir compared with short-course preemptive ganciclovir therapy to prevent cytomegalorvirus disease in liver transplant recipients. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:375-81. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nina Singh, MD; Victor L. Yu, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 5Page: 385KeywordsCytomegalovirus infectionInfectious diseasesProphylaxis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Central nervous system involvement in stage 1b mycosis fungoides
Authors: A. Lally, K. Hollowood, S. Whittaker, R. Turner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. This case was presented at the clinicopathological section of the British Association of Dermatology annual meeting in Manchester, July 2006. Sir, Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the commonest type of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. It is generally thought that early stage MF does not result in visceral involvement as it is believed to be an indolent disease that evolves slowly. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare, and rarer still in the absence of progressive cutaneous disease. A 56‐year‐old man presented to our dermatology department with a 4‐year history of a gradually evolving scaly rash that was mildly pruritic.1 His past medical history was unremarkable and he was on no regular medications. Examination revealed widespread, annular, erythematous, scaly patches and few plaques (Fig. 1). He had a degree of alopecia but no nail involvement and no lymphadenopathy. Full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, renal and liver profiles were all normal. The working diagnosis was MF.
Brain parenchyma involvement as isolated central nervous system relapse of systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group report
Authors: Nancy D. Doolittle, Lauren E. Abrey, Tamara N. Shenkier, Siegal Tali, Jacoline E.C. Bromberg, Edward A. Neuwelt, Carole Soussain, Kristoph Jahnke, Patrick Johnston, Gerald Illerhaus, David Schiff, Tracy Batchelor, Silvia Montoto, Dale F. Kraemer, Emanuele Zucca
Journal: Blood (2007)
Long-Term Ambient Concentrations of Total Suspended Particulates and Oxidants As Related to Incidence of Chronic Disease in California Seventh-Day Adventists
Authors: David E. Abbey, Paul K. Mills, Floyd F. Petersen, W. Lawrence Beeson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of 6000 nonsmoking California Seventh-Day Adventists were monitored for a 6-year period, and relationships with long-term cumulative ambient air pollution were observed. Total suspended particulates (TSP) and ozone were measured in terms of numbers of hours in excess of several threshold levels corresponding to national standards as well as mean concentration. For all malignant neoplasms among females, risk increased with increasing exceedance frequencies of all thresholds of TSP except the lowest one, and those increased risks were highly statistically significant. For respiratory cancers, increased risk was associated with only one threshold of ozone, and this result was of borderline significance. Respiratory disease symptoms were assessed in 1977 and again in 1987 using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute respiratory symptoms questionnaire on a subcohort of 3914 individuals. Multivariate analyses which adjusted for past and passive smoking and occupational exposures indicated statistically significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated relative risks ranging up to 1.7 for incidence of asthma, definite symptoms of airway obstructive disease, and chronic bronchitis with TSP in excess of all thresholds except the lowest one but not for any thresholds of ozone. A trend association (p = 0.056) was noted between the threshold of 10 pphm ozone and incidence of asthma. These results are presented within the context of standards setting for these constituents of air pollution.
Distinct Roles for IFN Regulatory Factor (IRF)-3 and IRF-7 in the Activation of Antitumor Properties of Human Macrophages
Authors: Raphaëlle Romieu-Mourez, Mayra Solis, Alessandra Nardin, Delphine Goubau, Véronique Baron-Bodo, Rongtuan Lin, Bernard Massie, Margarita Salcedo, John Hiscott
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract When properly activated, macrophages can be tumoricidal, thus making them attractive additions to standard cancer therapies. To this end, tolerance and activity of human autologous IFN-γ-activated macrophages, produced in large scale for clinical use (MAK cells), have been assessed in pilot trials in cancer patients. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF-7, with subsequent type I IFN production, may be involved in the acquisition of new antitumor functions by macrophages. Adenoviral vectors were generated for the delivery of constitutively active forms of IRF-3 (Ad-IRF-3) or IRF-7 (Ad-IRF-7) into primary human macrophages. Cell death was observed in Ad-IRF-3-transduced macrophages, whereas Ad-IRF-7-transduced macrophages produced type I IFNs and displayed increased expression of genes encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related apoptosis-inducing ligand, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15, and CD80, persisting for at least 96 hours. Expression of iNOS, TNF-α, FasL, IL-1, and IL-6 genes was unaltered by Ad-IRF-7 transduction. Interestingly, Ad-IRF-3 or Ad-IRF-7 transduction negatively regulated the transcription of protumorigenic genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Furthermore, Ad-IRF-7-transduced macrophages exerted a cytostatic activity on different cancer cell lines, including SK-BR-3, MCF-7, and COLO-205; the latter cells were shown previously to be insensitive to MAK cells. In conclusion, transduction of active forms of IRF-3 or IRF-7 differentially modulate the apoptotic and antitumor properties of primary macrophages, with active IRF-7 leading to the acquisition of novel antitumor effector functions. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10576-85)