tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elderly patients and resuscitation: Advanced age is not a factor
Authors: N P Thompson, G H Jenner, A Wagg, M Kinirons, K Stewart, B Yip, I M Lenox
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Although epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation have recently been implicated in memory consolidation and persistence, the role of nucleosome-remodeling is largely unexplored. Recent studies show that the functional loss of BAF53b, a post-mitotic neuron-specific subunit of the BAF nucleosome-remodeling complex, results in the deficit of consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory and cocaine-associated memory in the rodent brain. However, it is unclear whether BAF53b expression is regulated during memory formation and how BAF53b regulates fear memory in the amygdala, a key brain site for fear memory encoding and storage. To address these questions, we used viral vector approaches to either decrease or increase BAF53b function specifically in the lateral amygdala (LA) of adult mice in auditory fear conditioning paradigm. Knockdown of <i>Baf53b</i> before training disrupted long-term memory formation with no effect on short-term memory, basal synaptic transmission and spine structures. We observed in our qPCR analysis that <i>Baf53b</i> was induced in the LA neurons at the late consolidation phase after fear conditioning. Moreover, transient BAF53b overexpression led to persistently enhanced memory formation, which was accompanied by increase in thin-type spine density. Together, our results provide the evidence that BAF53b is induced after learning, and show that such increase of BAF53b level facilitates memory consolidation likely by regulating learning-related spine structural plasticity. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Recent works in the rodent brain begin to link nucleosome remodeling-dependent epigenetic mechanism to memory consolidation. Here we show that BAF53b, an epigenetic factor involved in nucleosome remodeling, is induced in the lateral amygdala neurons at the late phase of consolidation after fear conditioning. Using specific gene knockdown or overexpression approaches, we identify the critical role of BAF53b in the LA neurons for memory consolidation during long-term memory formation. Our results thus provide an idea about how nucleosome remodeling can be regulated during long-term memory formation and contributes to the permanent storage of associative fear memory in the lateral amygdala, which is relevant to fear and anxiety-related mental disorders.
Effect of Cocaine on Uterine Blood Flow and Fetal Oxygenation
Authors: James R. Woods
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Five pregnant ewes and their singleton fetuses were instrumented at 115 to 120 days' gestation (term, 145 days) for heart rate, blood pressure, uterine blood flow, and arterial blood gas sampling. In separate studies, cocaine was given to the ewe or fetus as a 0.5-, 1.0-, or 2.0-mg/kg intravenous bolus, and cardiovascular and arterial blood gas values were obtained for 60 minutes after the injection. The results showed that maternal administration of cocaine produced dose-dependent increases in maternal blood pressure and decreases in uterine blood flow. Uterine vascular resistance increased by 52%, 96%, and 168%, respectively. These responses were accompanied by marked fetal hypoxemia, hypertension, and tachycardia. Direct cocaine administration to the fetus produced smaller increases in fetal heart rate and blood pressure than those observed following maternal cocaine injection, and no significant changes in fetal arterial blood gas values. The conclusions are (1) cocaine alters fetal oxygenation by reducing uterine blood flow and impairing oxygen transfer to the fetus; and (2) fetal cardiovascular changes to maternal administration of cocaine may reflect fetal hypoxemia, increased fetal levels of cocaine or fetal catecholamines, or a combination of these events. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:957-961)
674 CORRELATION OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ON LIVER BIOPSY AND SERUM HBVDNA LEVELS
Authors: F. Yilmaz, D. Nart, R. Vardar, F. Gunsar, G. Ersoz, Z. Karasu, R. Sertoz, S. Erensoy, T. Ilter, Y. Batur, U.S. Akarca
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Laparoscopy in Hepatic Vein Thrombosis (Budd-Chiari Syndrome)
Authors: H. Lindner
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

Case report on the peritoneoscopic aspect of Budd-Chiari syndrome. The characteristic findings are small blue areas against a brown background due to engorgement of the liver with blood. Differential diagnosis from right heart failure is only possible in view the patient's history.
PRESENT STATUS OF ALUMINUM IN THE THERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS OF SILICOSIS
Authors: ERNEST W. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

A conference of representatives of the Council on Industrial Health of the American Medical Association and of the McIntyre Research Foundation was held at Toronto, May 10, 1946, to exchange views between the two agencies regarding future activities of the McIntyre Research Foundation in the United States. The following program was formulated:   That the Councils on Industrial Health and on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association continue to evaluate all data available on the toxicology of aluminum.  That a conference be called between the two councils concerned and the McIntyre Research Foundation to discuss further the current status of the efficacy of aluminum in relation to the therapy and prophylaxis in silicosis and the licensing procedure now in operation.  That, if possible, a report be obtained on the experience gained in the aluminum treatment of miners at Timmons, Ontario.  That a complete report of the study of Dr. D. W. Crombie
Richard Wade Barter
Authors: S Barter
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant in rheumatology and rehabilitation Kent (b London 1921; q Trinity College Dublin 1944; MD, DPhysMed, FRCPI), died from Parkinson's disease on 26 July 2003.

Dick Barter was the driving force behind the Foreland School in Broadstairs, which provides support and education for children with disabilities. He set up a unit for disabled patients at the former Princess Mary's Hospital, Margate, and became known for his work in providing medical rehabilitation to patients in Kent. He served for a year as a doctor in the Royal Air Force. He enjoyed travelling, bird watching, and gardening. Predeceased by his first wife, Jane, he leaves his second wife, Sheila, and two children.
History of Irish Physicians' College
Authors: A. S. MacNalty
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Dorsal root ganglia from streptozotocin-diabetic rats and age- and weight-matched control animals were incubated with 4-amino 3H-butyric acid. A significant reduction in uptake was observed in the diabetic animals. The incorporation of 3H-leucine into protein was also significantly reduced but the results did not allow a conclusion as to whether this was a secondary or an independent effect. These findings are discussed in relation both to the abnormalities known to develop in diabetic rats and to the causation of human diabetic neuropathy.
Time Lapse between Hypothesis and Publication in the Medical Sciences
Authors: Charles G. Roland, Richard A. Kirkpatrick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Abstract We studied a number of factors involved in the publication of 103 papers by Mayo Clinic authors. Basic-science and clinical-research articles averaged about four years from initiating the research idea until publishing; case reports averaged about two years, and literature reviews three years. Of this time, 75 per cent was spent contemplating the basic idea, performing the research, and writing the paper. The rest was required for processing, from institutional editing through publication. Most clinical workers wrote at home, and most basic researchers at the office. In a surprising 23 per cent of papers, about three fourths of the manuscript was written by someone other than the first author. Of references cited, between 10 per cent and 20 per cent were to the authors' own work or to that of co-workers. Half the papers were revised or rejected at least once, prolonging the journal handling time only in papers rejected or requiring more than one revision. (N Engl J Med 292:1273–1276, 1975)
Alarming Facts about the Health and Nutrition of Children in Tibet
Authors: Glen E. Maberly, Kevin M. Sullivan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Many people view Tibet as an exotic region where people live in rugged circumstances yet perpetuate values that are noble and mysterious. The study reported by Harris et al. in this issue of the Journal 1 reveals a harsher reality. In this study, the overall prevalence of moderate or severe stunting of growth in Tibetan children who were 84 months of age or younger was 51 percent. Compared with the prevalence of stunting in other populations, this prevalence would be classified as very high,2 and it is well above that for China as a whole (17 percent).3 It is interesting to . . .
Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Jon D. Blumenfeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To characterize the clinical and laboratory features of primary aldosteronism and to evaluate which diagnostic tests can discriminate surgically curable forms of this syndrome. Design: Retrospective analysis of the following data from 82 patients with primary aldosteronism: blood pressure, serum electrolytes, urinary aldosterone and electrolytes, computed tomographic scans, plasma renin and aldosterone before and during upright posture, atrial natriuretic peptide, and adrenal vein aldosterone and cortisol. Clinical outcomes assessed after treatment included blood pressure, serum electrolytes, and plasma renin activity. Results: Drug therapy was discontinued before diagnostic tests were done in 56 of 82 patients (34 with adenomas and 22 with hyperplasia). Compared with patients with hyperplasia, those with adenomas had higher systolic (184 mm Hg and 161 mm Hg, respectively; P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressures (112 mm Hg and 105 mm Hg; P = 0.03), lower serum potassium levels (3.0 mmol/L and 3.5 mmol/L; P < 0.001), and higher serum CO2 (P = 0.001), atrial natriuretic peptide (P = 0.008), and urinary 18-methyl oxygenated cortisol metabolite levels (P = 0.02). In patients with adenomas, aldosterone secretion lateralized to one adrenal gland and did not increase during the postural stimulation test; preoperative urinary aldosterone levels were correlated with diastolic pressures (r = 0.58; P = 0.001). Hypertension was "cured" postoperatively in approximately 35% of patients with adenomas and those with hyperplasia (P > 0.2) but was "improved" more frequently in those with adenomas (P = 0.002). Cured patients from both groups were younger than those not cured (mean ages, 43 years and 54 years, respectively; P = 0.002) and had lower preoperative mean plasma renin activity (0.17 ng/mL per hour and 0.50 ng/mL per hour; P < 0.001). All patients with adenomas in whom aldosterone secretion lateralized were either cured or improved. Conclusion: Of the 51 patients with primary aldosteronism who had adrenalectomy (43 patients with adenomas and 8 with hyperplasia), those most likely to be cured were younger and had lower plasma renin activity. In patients with adenomas who were cured or improved, aldosterone secretion was more likely to lateralize. Tests that distinguished adenomas from adrenal hyperplasia included the postural stimulation test, urinary excretion rates of 18-oxocortisol and 18-hydroxycortisol, and adrenal vein sampling.
Ambulatory Electrocardiography for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Donald C. Harrison, John W. Fitzgerald, Roger A. Winkle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Although physicians have long appreciated the importance of specifically diagnosing arrhythmias, only in relatively recent years has the association of arrhythmias with various cardiac symptoms and conditions been well understood. These associations were iitiallymade by chance observation of arrhythmias on routine electrocardiograms, or rhythm strips obtained when the arrhythmias were frequent, sustained, or concomitant with severe symptoms. Continuous monitoring in intensive-care facilities further expanded knowledge of arrhythmias and their implications, particularly those occurring in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Advances in technology now permit recording and analysis of arrhythmias occurring in ambulatory cardiac patients.During the past 15 years, . . .
Prognostic significance of the expression of Smad4 and Smad7 in human gastric carcinomas
Authors: Y.H. Kim, H.S. Lee, H.-J. Lee, K. Hur, W.H. Kim, Y.-J. Bang, S.-J. Kim, K.U. Lee, K.J. Choe, H.-K. Yang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Hepatitis B immunisation and reactive arthritis
Authors: H. D L Birley, O. P Arya
Journal: BMJ (1994)

followed by skin necrosis) reported by Penswick and Wright, we suggest that the patient had cholesterol crystal embolisation.The diagnosis could be confirmed by histological findings of cholesterol crystals in the small and medium sized arteries.It may be necessary to take repeated biopsy specimens to find these changes.
Identification and functional characterization of the promoter region of the human organic anion transporting polypeptide gene
Authors: G Kullak-Ublick, U Beuers, C Fahney, B Hagenbuch, P J Meier, G Paumgartner
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) of the basolateral hepatocyte membrane mediates multispecific uptake of anionic and other amphipathic substrates from sinusoidal blood plasma. To investigate the mechanisms controlling OATP expression, the 5′-flanking region of the human OATP gene was isolated from a P1-derived artificial chromosome genomic clone. Sequence analysis of the OATP promoter showed a number of consensus binding sites for both ubiquitous and liver-enriched transcription factors. Transfection of HepG2 cells with a series of 5′-deleted promoter-luciferase constructs identified the minimal promoter region within 91 base pairs relative to the transcription initiation site. A putative silencer element was localized in the -662/-440 region. The minimal promoter was also active in Chang liver, Madin-Darby canine kidney, and Chinese hamster ovary cells, indicating that basal promoter function is independent of liver-specific regulatory mechanisms. In transfected HepG2 cells, taurocholate (100 μmol/L) stimulated and triiodothyronine (1 μmol/L) inhibited OATP promoter activity, whereas hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, β-estradiol, estrone-3-sulfate, and testosterone had no significant effect. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed an increase in OATP messenger RNA in the livers of four patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease compared with three noncholestatic controls. The up-regulation of OATP expression by taurocholate could serve to enhance the sinusoidal efflux of toxic intracellular compounds during chronic cholestasis.
Accuracy of Medicare Reimbursement for Cardiac Arrest
Authors: David C. Hsia
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Diagnosis related group (DRG) 129 consists exclusively of discharges having a principal diagnosis of<i>International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification</i>code 427.5 (cardiac arrest). It excludes patients with more specific diagnoses (eg, myocardial infarction and arrhythmia) or patients admitted for a different reason and who subsequently experience cardiac arrest. This study used a one-stage sample design to select all DRG 129 discharges from random hospitals, stratified by their annual number of DRG 129 bills. Using blinded techniques, medical records specialists reabstracted the<i>International Classification of Diseases</i>codes for 857 medical records. For the bills that were not coded DRG 129 on reabstraction, physicians classified the incorrect bills by clinical situation and reason for error. Diagnosis related group 129 had significantly higher rates of coding errors and upcoding than other DRGs. Of discharges erroneously billed to DRG 129, 42.1% of the patients entered the hospital for heart disease other than cardiac arrest and 55.2% died after entering the hospital for other diseases. Attending physicians need to distinguish between the "immediate cause" of death for the death certificate and the "principal diagnosis" for reimbursement purposes. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:59-62)
IMPACT OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION SCORE ON PROGNOSIS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT METABOLIC SYNDROME; RESULTS FROM THE MULTINATIONAL CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY EVALUATION FOR CLINICAL OUTCOME: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER REGISTRY (CONFIRM)
Authors: Amir Ahmadi, James Min, Rekha Raju, Stephan Achenbach, Bruce Precious, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Daniel Berman, Matthew Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Callister, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin Chow, Ricardo Cury, Heidi Gransar, Gudrun Feuchtner, Millie Gomez, Martin Hadamitzky, Philipp Kaufmann, Fay Lin, Gilbert Raff, Leslee Shaw, Todd Villines, Jonathan Leipsic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
MECHANICALLY STIMULATED VENTRICULAR EXTRASYSTOLES IN MAN
Authors: A. E. FOSSIER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The classic designation of extrasystoles or premature contractions into "right and left ventricular" is universally accepted by physiologists and cardiologists. It is thought that a premature contraction consisting first of a downward and finally of an upward phase in leads II and III is a left ventricular extrasystole, and that when the first phase is upward and the second is downward, it is a right ventricular premature contraction. Numerous observations made on animals seem to confirm this
Operative Strategy in General Surgery: An Expositive Atlas
Authors: Sylvia Ramos-Burch
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In his<i>Operative Strategy in General Surgery</i>, volume 1, Dr Jameson L. Chassin, professor of clinical surgery at New York University and director of surgery at Booth Memorial Hospital, presents to the reader his choice of one procedure for each of the common surgical problems in the gastrointestinal tract, from esophagus to rectum. He has chosen to present only one operation that he has found valuable and safe for each problem, because he has observed that "when many operative techniques by multiple authors are included in one text, the reader is confused as to what technique to use under what circumstances." Chassin has organized each section so that it is preceded by a discussion of the concept underlying each choice of procedure among the possible alternatives. Then, for each procedure, he lists and discusses briefly the indications, preoperative preparation, pitfalls and danger points, operative strategy, operative technique, postoperative care, and
Soda Pop Vending Machine Injuries
Authors: Michael Q. Cosio
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Fifteen male patients, 15 to 24 years of age, sustained injuries after rocking soda machines. The machines fell onto the victims, resulting in a variety of injuries. Three were killed. The remaining 12 required hospitalization for their injuries. Unless changes are made to safeguard these machines, people will continue to suffer severe and possibly fatal injuries from what are largely preventable accidents. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2697-2699)
Follow up study of angina in patients aged 30 to 59 in general practice.
Authors: D W Hobkirk
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In 1979, 51 general practitioners in the Northern region identified 336 patients aged 30 to 59 who had angina pectoris. Information was obtained on their treatment and how angina affected their daily lives. This study reviews the same patients after an interval of four years. Of the 307 who were not lost to follow up, 38 (12%) had died and 44 (14%) were free from angina in the last year. Drugs seemed to be used to their best advantage, with a fourfold increase in the use of the newer calcium antagonists and long acting trinitrate preparations. Many patients still suffered from angina, which was severely affecting their daily lives, but only 41 patients had had exercise electrocardiograms recorded or more detailed investigations; this includes 16 (6%) patients who had had coronary artery bypass surgery.
Paramedics should delay giving aspirin to patients with stroke
Authors: M. Ward
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The quality of systematic reviews Review is biasedEditor-In discussing meta-analyses in the treatment of asthma, Jadad et al state that most reviews published in peer reviewed journals or funded by industry have serious methodological flaws. 1 This summary is misleading and could have been put more succinctly as, "most reviews published in peer reviewed journals have serious methodological flaws," since the industry reviews in their paper were a (similar) subset of the published papers.Jadad et al are, however, right in drawing attention to the inherent bias in their Cochrane approved quality index.Cochrane reviews are excellent in many respects but grossly deficient in at least one-namely, the reliance on software, Rev-Man, that is incapable of satisfying an essential and elementary requirement placed by drug regulators on sponsors, that "the particular model chosen should reflect the state of medical knowledge about the variables to be analysed as well as the statistical design of the trial." 2 RevMan cannot deal appropriately with covariates nor with multicentre, cluster randomised, minimised, or crossover trials.It is thus a suitable tool for single centre, randomised, parallel group trials in which no covariates are measured: a type of trial that is rather rare in my experience.On the other hand, the pharmaceutical industry has long employed doctors and statisticians capable of dealing with the complications of real clinical trials.For a good illustration, see the paper by Richardson and Bablok, 3 which Jadad et al did not include.The biased and one sided review by Jadad et al cannot be taken as showing the superiority of Cochrane reviews to pharmaceutical industry reviews.
DYSFUNCTIONS OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY AND THEIR TREATMENT
Authors: ELMER L. SEVRINGHAUS
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Among the disturbances of the several functions of the anterior lobe of the pituitary, only two are susceptible to treatment with any assurance of success at present. These are dysfunctions in the supply of the growth-promoting and gonadotropic factors, which will be discussed in detail. Although the thyrotropic extracts of the anterior lobe of the pituitary have been shown to act in some persons, it has not yet been possible to secure sustained stimulation of the thyroid in hypothyroid patients.<sup>1</sup>Neither is there adequate evidence to warrant routine irradiation of the pituitary in an attempt to reduce production of the thyrotropic substance in patients with persistent thyrotoxicosis. The factors involved in pituitary stimulation of the adrenal glands are still further removed from immediate application in human therapy. The dysfunctions known under such terms as "basophilism," "Cushing's syndrome" or "the adrenogenital syndrome" will be discussed in another article of this
On Tapping in Pleurisy and Empyema
Authors: B. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1872)

of the base of the brain as syphilitic meningitis.Nor do I remember ever seeing a well-marked swollen disc pass into a typical form of neuro-retinitis.At present, then, while accepting the valuable and perhaps conclusive evidence of Professor Manz concerning the genesis of the choked disc, I think, on the other hand, that the causation of " descending neuritis" has as yet to be fully demonstrated.