tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-261 Alcohol misuse: refer and deter. Reducing re-admission rates for inpatient detoxification: Abstract PTU-261 Table 1
Authors: V L Beckett, J Ching, V Wood, G Singh
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Alcohol abuse and related diseases are growing public health concerns. In the UK 26% of adults consume harmful quantities of alcohol.<sup>1</sup> Alcohol related admissions are increasing by 11% each year.<sup>2</sup> Yorkshire and Humber encompass one of the highest rates of alcohol misuse in the UK. NICE have developed a National Alcohol Strategy to target these issues which cost the UK economy £23 billion and NHS &gt;£2.7 billion per year.<sup>3</sup> Despite initiatives to improve the quality of care and improve continuity between primary and secondary care, 58% of UK acute medical units lack an alcohol support service. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively audited the impact of the Alcohol specialist nurse (ASN) on readmission for inpatient detoxification between 2004 and 2011 at our hospital. This followed the establishment of an Alcohol Care Team in 2005 as recommended by The British Society of Gastroenterology.<sup>2</sup> Medical and surgical inpatients were included. Exclusion criteria: outpatient and A&amp;E attendances, telephone consultations. <h3>Results</h3> Between 2004 and 2011 the mean inpatient readmission rate for medical detoxification was 26.7% (484 readmissions, 1813 total admissions). On average 22.4% of medical and surgical inpatients were readmitted over the 7-year period (293 readmitted/1512 total admissions). Both the yearly readmission rate and percentage of patients requiring readmission increased by 589% and 689% respectively between 2004 and 2011, peaking in 2008–2009 predominantly due to an increase in patients readmitted once (four patients in 2004–2005 compared to 67 patients in 2008–2009). On average patients were readmitted 2.5 times for detoxification. The average period between readmissions was 9.4 months. 10% of patients were re-admitted for detoxification more than 5 times in this period (mode 6 readmissions, range 6–23 readmissions). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Admission rates for inpatient detoxification are high. However, &lt;25% of patients require readmission and only a minority require more than five detoxifications, thereby reflecting the efficacy of the ASN and Alcohol Care Team in minimising revolving door patients and the economic cost incurred. We recommend that all general hospitals should offer this service to effectively manage alcohol misuse. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>BMA Board of Science</b>. <i>Alcohol Misuse</i>. 2008. 2. <i>Health Select Committee Report on Alcohol</i>. 2010. 3. <b>NHS Evidence</b>. <i>Alcohol Care Teams</i>. 2011. 4. <b>Moriarty K</b>, <i>et al.</i> Alcohol Related Disease. 2010
Miconazole Therapy for Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Paul D. Hoeprich
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis remained active in a 50-year-old white man six years after diagnosis of pulmonary infection and four years after diagnosis of meningitis, despite intravenous and intrathecal administration of amphotericin B. Miconazole, a new imidazole-class antifungal antimicrobic, was given by daily intravenous injection during the final 22 days of life. There was meager entry of miconazole into the cerebrospinal fluid and<i>Coccidioides immitis</i>was recovered in cultures of the central nervous system from material obtained at autopsy. Lesions of the lungs and peritoneum did not yield<i>C immitis</i>from postmortem cultures; before treatment with miconazole, cultures of sputum and a peritoneal biopsy specimen had been positive. Neither local nor systemic adverse reactions resulted from intravenous administration of miconazole. Because of safety and apparent activity, miconazole may have value in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis in patients without meningitis. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1153-1157, 1974)
ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION DUE TO INTRA-ABDOMINAL CAUSES
Authors: H. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1927)

ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.1 1 am aware that even more extenisive plastic operations have been described in the past, but these I regard as applicable onl' to suc-h exceptional circumsta'nees that they do not come wi-ithin the scope of this survey.I am also aware that some surgeons still advocate the use of foreign materials such as silver filigrees for inguinal hernias and iron staples for fenioral herniias; but altlhough these methods may give excellenit results in some hands, I believe that they are contrairy to the general trend of modern surgery, which prefers to discard such artificial aids when cuIre can be obtained without the introduction of any foreign materials.
Relationship between unusual hepatic acyl coenzyme A profiles and the pathogenesis of Reye syndrome.
Authors: B E Corkey, D E Hale, M C Glennon, R I Kelley, P M Coates, L Kilpatrick, C A Stanley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

This study examines the relationship between impaired fatty acid oxidation and the pathogenesis of Reye syndrome. We present a hypothesis proposing that many clinical signs of this childhood disease are caused by accumulation of unusual acyl CoA esters, precursors to deacylated metabolites found in the patients' blood and urine. A new method was developed to measure acyl CoA compounds in small human liver biopsy samples, offering several advantages over previous techniques. A major finding was an accumulation in Reye syndrome patients of short- and medium-chain acyl CoA intermediates of fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid oxidation. These metabolites included octanoyl, isovaleryl, butyryl, isobutyryl, propionyl, and methylmalonyl CoA esters. The findings were explained in a model of hepatic fatty acid oxidation involving three interrelated pathways: mitochondrial beta-oxidation, peroxisomal beta-oxidation, and omega-oxidation in the endoplasmic reticulum. The results suggest that pathogenesis in Reye syndrome stems from generalized mitochondrial damage resulting in accumulation of acyl CoA esters. High levels of these compounds lead to inhibition of mitochondrial pathways for ureogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation. The inhibited pathways, in turn, could cause the hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, and hypoketonemia observed in patients. The model also explains underlying biochemical differences between patients with Reye syndrome and medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, another disorder of fatty acid metabolism. Acetyl CoA levels, in the latter disease, were dramatically decreased, compared with both human controls and Reye syndrome patients.
Adolescents Who Attempt Suicide-Reply
Authors: Susan J. Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  Dr Snelling raises an issue that has been inadequately studied: the relationship of homosexuality and youth suicidal behavior. To date, none of the few systematic, well-designed research studies conducted on completed adolescent suicide have identified being gay as a contributory risk factor.1-4Nor has sexual orientation been identified as a risk factor in studies of large series of adult suicides.5,6  Suicide attempters and completers are two groups characterized by different risk factors that sometimes overlap. Studies of adult homosexuals have demonstrated higher rates of certain risk factors for suicide, including substance abuse, previous psychiatric treatment, and prior suicide attempts among gays than for comparison groups,7,8suggesting that the suicide rate might be higher for gays. Other studies of adult outpatients have found higher rates of suicide attempts in homosexuals as compared with heterosexuals.9However, many of these studies have a small sample size, lack
Case 32-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Barry W. Levine, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of CaseA 52-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of collapse of the left lung.She was well until 15 years previously, when she began to have mild episodes of wheezing that responded to treatment for asthma. Three years before admission arthritis developed in the hips and knees, and adrenocorticosteroid therapy was given for one or two years. Two years before entry the wheezing became more severe, and she consulted numerous physicians, without relief.Fourteen months before admission she began to have episodes of fever and sweats, with more severe wheezing. An x-ray film of the chest . . .
Editorial Retrospective
Authors: Jack L. Paradise
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Five years ago an article1 and accompanying editorial2 in the Journal directed attention to a simple test of middle-ear status then relatively new to clinical pediatrics. The test, tympanometry, entails the use of an electroacoustic impedance bridge to provide easily interpretable data in graphic form. Tympanometry had been found highly sensitive in detecting middle-ear disorders, particularly effusion, in all but two circumstances: in infants under seven months of age, and early in the course of acute middle-ear infection. The specificity of tympanometry had varied with the type of graphic abnormality produced; certain curves appeared highly indicative of middle-ear disease, whereas . . .
Long-term follow-up of prosthetic joint replacement in hemophilia
Authors: Nasim A. Rana, Gary R. Shapiro, David Green
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

We evaluated the outcome of seven severe hemophilic patients who underwent four total hip and four total knee arthroplasties since 1976. These patients have been followed at regular intervals over a period of 2.5-9.5 years (mean 5.8). Of the four total hip replacements, one had to be removed because of loosening and secondary infection 3 years after the initial surgery but was salvaged by pseudoarthrosis; the other three are pain-free and radiologically stable and have an excellent range of motion 2.5, 5, and 7 years postoperatively. Of the four total knee replacements, one had to be removed because of infection but was successfully salvaged by arthrodesis; one patient has loose components, but the prosthesis is still functional; and the final patient with bilateral knee prostheses is pain-free with limited but functional range of motion. Clotting-factor replacement therapy was effective in controlling intraoperative bleeding, even in a patient with an inhibitor, and only one procedure was complicated by hematoma formation. We conclude that prosthetic joint replacement may be safely performed in hemophilic patients but should be reserved for those who have limited function because of severe pain, joint destruction, and deformity. Total hip arthroplasty is as successful in these patients as in nonhemophiliacs. Total knee arthroplasty provides relief of pain, reduces the frequency of hemarthroses, and corrects most of the deformity, but it is usually associated with a limited range of motion.
PROPHYLAXIS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: A. C. Watkin
Journal: BMJ (1925)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune disease of the CNS with its underlying mechanisms not fully understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that caveolin-1, a major membrane scaffolding protein, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a laboratory murine model of MS. We found increased expression of caveolin-1 in serum and spinal cord tissues in association with disease incidence and severity in wild-type mice with active encephalomyelitis. After immunization, Cav-1 knock-out mice showed remarkable disease resistance with decreased incidence and clinical symptoms. Furthermore, Cav-1 knock-out mice had alleviated encephalitogenic T cells trafficking into the CNS with decreased expressions of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 within the lesions. In agreement with <i>in vivo</i> studies, <i>in vitro</i> knockdown of caveolin-1 compromised the upregulation of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells, leading to the amelioration of the transendothelial migration of pathogenic T<sub>H</sub>1 and T<sub>H</sub>17 cells. Together, those results indicate that caveolin-1 serves as an active modulator of CNS-directed lymphocyte trafficking and could be a therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The hallmark feature of neuroinflammatory diseases is the massive infiltrations of encephalitogenic leukocytes into the CNS parenchyma, a process that remains largely unclear. Our study demonstrates the critical contribution of caveolin-1 to encephalomyelitis pathogenesis and CNS-directed lymphocyte trafficking by modulation of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, highlighting the pathological involvement of caveolin-1 in neuroinflammatory diseases.
Lipid concentrations and the use of lipid lowering drugs: evidence from a national cross sectional survey
Authors: P. Primatesta, N. R Poulter
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the prevalence of the use of lipid lowering agents and its relation to blood lipid concentrations in English adults. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional survey. <b>Setting:</b> England, 1998. <b>Participants:</b> Nationally representative sample of 13 586 adults (aged ≥16 years) living in non-institutional households. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Mean blood concentrations of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, in participants classified by age and sex; prevalence of raised total cholesterol concentrations and increased ratio of total to HDL cholesterol; prevalence of use of lipid lowering agents and the lipid concentrations of people taking them. <b>Results:</b> Mean total cholesterol concentrations were 5.47 (SE 0.02) mmol/l in men and 5.59 (0.02) mmol/l in women. Mean HDL cholesterol concentrations were 1.28 (0.01) mmol/l in men and 1.55 (0.01) mmol/l in women. Overall, of 10 569 adults who had a valid cholesterol measurement taken 7133 (67.5%; 95% confidence interval 66.5% to 68.4%) had a total cholesterol concentration ≥5 mmol/l, 2804 (26.5%; 25.7% to 27.4%) had a ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ≥5 mmol/l, and 237 (2.2%; 1.9% to 2.5%) reported taking lipid lowering drugs. Of 117 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease but whose estimated 10 year risk of coronary heart disease was ≥30% and whose total cholesterol concentration was ≥5 mmol/l, four (3%) were taking lipid lowering drugs. Of 385 adults aged 16-75 with a history of coronary heart disease and eligible for lipid lowering treatment, 114 (30%; 25% to 34%) were taking lipid lowering drugs, of whom only 50 (44%; 35% to 53%) had a total cholesterol concentration &lt;5 mmol/l. <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia in English adults, the proportion of adults taking lipid lowering drugs in 1998 was only 2.2%. Rates of treatment were low among high risk patients eligible for primary prevention with lipid lowering drugs, and less than one third of patients with established cardiovascular disease received such treatment.
An abundant dysfunctional apolipoprotein A1 in human atheroma
Authors: Ying Huang, Joseph A DiDonato, Bruce S Levison, Dave Schmitt, Lin Li, Yuping Wu, Jennifer Buffa, Timothy Kim, Gary S Gerstenecker, Xiaodong Gu, Chandra S Kadiyala, Zeneng Wang, Miranda K Culley, Jennie E Hazen, Anthony J DiDonato, Xiaoming Fu, Stela Z Berisha, Daoquan Peng, Truc T Nguyen, Shaohong Liang, Chia-Chi Chuang, Leslie Cho, Edward F Plow, Paul L Fox, Valentin Gogonea, W H Wilson Tang, John S Parks, Edward A Fisher, Jonathan D Smith, Stanley L Hazen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Transsulfuration in mammals: fetal and early development of methionine-activating enzyme and its relation to hormonal influences
Authors: H. Peter Chase, Joseph J. Volpe, Leonard Laster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The development of activity of methionine-activating enzyme was studied in four organs of the rat. Three different patterns were observed: (a) in the liver, specific activity began to increase in late fetal life and reached a maximum 2 days after birth; (b) in the small intestine, specific activity began to rise in the 2nd wk after birth and reached a maximum at age 18 days; and (c) in the brain and kidney, specific activity did not change markedly from the earliest stage of fetal development studied to adult life. Hydrocortisone increased hepatic methionine-activating enzyme activity as much as 55% in the young rat. However, adrenalectomy in the newborn rat did not prevent the postnatal rise in hepatic methionine-activating enzyme activity, nor did adrenalectomy at age 10 days prevent the developmental rise of intestinal activity at age 18 days. Conjugated estrogens partially inhibited both the neonatal rise in hepatic methionine-activating enzyme activity and the rise in activity after adrenal steroid injection. Injection of L-methionine did not increase hepatic methionine-activating enzyme activity in the developing or adult rat.
ADHERENT UTERUS AS A COMPLICATION OF LABOR, CITING TWO CASES.
Authors: JOHN C. APPLEGATE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The causes of adherent uterus are multiple, and as a complication of pregnancy and labor give rise to various results, which can not be detailed in a paper of this character with a subject of such wide application. We do not presume, therefore, to do more than to present a few facts as they appear to the obstetrician, reporting the two cases typical of adherent uteri complicating pregnancy and labor under entirely different circumstances. Viewing the situation from an obstetric standpoint, the advancement in the science of surgery, while marvelous, has not yet reached that degree of perfection whereby the discomforts of woman, by reason of her sex, are satisfactorily alleviated to the best advantage during her period of propagation. While correction of the abnormal deviations of the uterus belongs especially to the gynecologist, the results of reposition and fixation by the various methods of operative procedure, as well as
TCT-512 Echocardiographic Correlates of Persistent ST-elevation on ECG in STEMI Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Manu Kaushik, Anand Deshmukh, Jiten Pandya, Daniel Hilleman, Dennis Esterbrooks, Syed Mohiuddin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Clinical and genetic factors associated with venous thromboembolism in myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide‐based regimens
Authors: Tina Bagratuni, Efstathios Kastritis, Marianna Politou, Maria Roussou, Efthimios Kostouros, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Evangelos Eleutherakis‐Papaiakovou, Nikolaos Kanelias, Evangelos Terpos, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Lenalidomide has significant antimyeloma activity but it is associated with a significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this study, we assessed clinical and genetic risk factors that may predispose for VTE in myeloma patients who were treated with lenalidomide-based regimens. We analyzed common clinical and selected genetic factors in 200 consecutive, unselected myeloma patients who were treated with lenalidomide-based regimens in a single institution. Twelve patients (6%) developed a VTE (nine deep venous thrombosis and three pulmonary embolism). All VTEs occurred in patients who were receiving aspirin prophylaxis; no patient who received LMWH or acenocoumarol had a VTE. The frequency of VTEs was 9.4% in previously untreated and 4.5% in previously treated patients. VTEs were more frequent in patients >65 years (8.1% vs. 1.6%) especially among patients receiving aspirin as prophylaxis (10.4% vs. 1.8% for patients ≤65 years). In patients who received prophylaxis with low dose aspirin a single-nucleotide polymorphism in NFκB1 (rs3774968) gene was associated with increased risk of VTE (OR 3.76, 95%CI 1-16, P = 0.051). None of the patients who developed VTEs had common genetic variations that are associated with increased risk of VTEs in the general population, such as FVLeiden and FIIG20210A. Our data indicated that LMWH or vitamin K antagonists (with a target INR 2-3) effectively reduce the risk of VTEs. In patients who received prophylaxis with aspirin genetic variants of genes that are involved directly or indirectly in inflammatory response may be associated with increased risk of VTE.
A Family View of Hysterical Psychosis
Authors: JOSEPH RICHMAN, HARVEY WHITE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The phenomenon of hysterical psychosis is reexamined in view of the newer family concepts of psychiatric disturbances. In four patients studied, the illness was associated with anxiety related to death, aggression, and actual object loss; every patient was suicidal; and the psychotic symptoms were family syntonic. In addition, the psychosis was of special relevance to dominant family problems, themes, myths, and fantasies. The authors conclude that family factors are crucial to the understanding of the development of this disorder.
Maffucci's syndrome: a mesenchymal dysplasia and multiple tumour syndrome
Authors: ROBERT J. LOEWINGER, JACK R. LICHTENSTEIN, W.EDWIN DODSON, ARTHUR Z. EISEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Maffucci's syndrome: a mesenchymal dysplasia and multiple tumour syndrome Get access ROBERT J. LOEWINGER, ROBERT J. LOEWINGER Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JACK R. LICHTENSTEIN, JACK R. LICHTENSTEIN Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.EDWIN DODSON, W.EDWIN DODSON Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ARTHUR Z. EISEN ARTHUR Z. EISEN Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. address: Professor Arthur Z. Eisen, Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4950 Audubon Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 3, 1 March 1977, Pages 317–322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb06145.x Published: 01 March 1977
Prognostic Impact of Bcl-2 Depends on Tumor Histology and Expression of MALAT-1 lncRNA in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lars Henning Schmidt, Dennis Görlich, Tilmann Spieker, Christian Rohde, Martin Schuler, Michael Mohr, Julia Humberg, Tim Sauer, Nils H. Thoenissen, Andreas Huge, Reinhard Voss, Alessandro Marra, Andreas Faldum, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Rainer Wiewrodt
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Waist circumference remains useful predictor of coronary heart disease
Authors: T. S Han, M. E J Lean, J. C Seidell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Margaret Ashwell and colleagues1 have produced evidence from the 1992 health survey for England to support our suggestion that waist circumference is a good predictor of risk of cardiovascular disease.2 We are puzzled, however, by their suggestion that the ratio of waist circumference to height may be a better predictor of risk than waist circumference alone. In fact, …