tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Shopping Around for Hospital Services
Authors: Chaim M. Bell, Matthew Crystal, Allan S. Detsky, Donald A. Redelmeier
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Historical comparisons indicate that US hospitals are more expensive than Canadian hospitals, but health care system reform might have changed the relative costs and timeliness of health care in the 2 countries.To estimate the price and convenience of selected hospital services in the United States and Canada for patients in 1997 had they paid out-of-pocket.Cross-sectional telephone survey conducted May 1996 to April 1997.The 2 largest acute care general hospitals from every city in the United States and Canada with a population greater than 500000.Each hospital was telephoned and asked their price and waiting time for 7 services: magnetic resonance imaging of the head without gadolinium; a screening mammogram; a 12-lead electrocardiogram; a prothrombin time measurement; a session of hemodialysis; a screening colonoscopy; and a total knee replacement. Waiting times were measured in days until earliest appointment and charges were converted to American currency.Overall, 48 US and 18 Canadian hospitals were surveyed. Median waiting times were significantly shorter in American hospitals for 4 services, particularly a magnetic resonance imaging of the head (3 days vs 150 days; P<.001). Median charges were significantly higher in American hospitals for 6 services, particularly for a total knee replacement ($26805 vs $10651; P<.001). Individual services showed no association between shorter waiting times and higher prices within each country, with the exception of a total knee replacement in the United States.US hospitals still provide higher prices and faster care than Canadian hospitals for patients who pay out-of-pocket.
NI-75 * QUANTITATIVE TEXTURE DESCRIPTORS ON BASELINE-MRI CAN PREDICT PATIENT SURVIVAL IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME PATIENTS
Authors: P. Tiwari, P. Prasanna, B. Jiang, J. Barnholtz-Sloan, A. Sloan, Q. Ostrom, A. Madabhushi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest form of brain tumors with a median survival of 12 months. While methylation of the MGMT gene promoter and IDH1 status have been shown to be associated with prolonged survival in GBM patients, there is controversy about their use as prognostic markers for evaluating response in newly diagnosed patients. The underlying hypothesis of this study is that computer-extracted texture descriptors can capture subtle, multiscale morphologic attributes on baseline-MRI and thus can better predict patient survival as compared to the known molecular markers, IDH1 and MGMT. METHODS: 16 3Tesla MRI studies with Gd-T1C, FLAIR, T2w protocols with known MGMT, IDH1 status were recruited as part of ongoing IRB-approved Ohio brain tumor study. 8 patients had overall survival (OS) > 500 days (prolonged survival) and 8 had OS<200 days (poor survival). 97 computer extracted texture descriptors including intensity statistics, cooccurrence matrix homogeneity, neighboring gray level dependence matrix, Gabor, and Laws energy, were extracted from within the lesion on baseline-MRI. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were computed for every texture descriptor as well as for IDH1, and MGMT markers, where each feature was considered in a univariate fashion during analysis. RESULTS: Laws texture descriptors (specifically ripple, edge, level and spot features on T1-w, T2-w, and FLAIR MRI) were found to be the top 3 features associated with the strongest survival difference between prolonged and poor survival, with reported p-values < .01. The p-values for MGMT, IDH1, and original MRI intensities computed within the lesion were reported to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05) in separating survival outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Laws texture features appeared to capture differences in lesion heterogeneity between prolonged and poor patient population suggesting that there are subtle morphological prognostic cues on baseline-MRI that may better predict patient survival in newly diagnosed GBM patients, that the known IDH1, and MGMT molecular markers.
Slow-Release Theophylline Rationale and Basis for Product Selection
Authors: Miles Weinberger, Leslie Hendeles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The Rationale for Slow-Release TheophyllineIn 1974 a report of a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study indicated that treatment with theophylline was associated with a dramatic decrease in symptoms and signs of chronic asthma without adverse effects when used in individualized doses that maintained serum theophylline concentrations between 10 and 20 μg per milliliter; doses of theophylline that approximated previous customary usage produced lower serum concentrations and were not effective in reducing symptoms.1 Although some bronchodilatory effect occurs at lower serum concentrations of theophylline,2 these and other data3 suggest that stabilization of the hyperreactive airways that characterize asthma becomes most prominent . . .
Differential effects of lignocaine and hypercalcaemia on anisotropic conduction and reentry in the ischaemically damaged canine ventricle
Authors: François Hélie, Jean Cossette, Michel Vermeulen, René Cardinal
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: Anisotropic conduction characteristics, which may be expressed as the ratio of conduction velocities in the longitudinal (Vlong) and transverse (Vtrans) fibre directions, have been shown to stabilise reentry and favour the induction of sustained, uniform ventricular tachycardia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether interventions affecting either excitability (lignocaine) or both excitability and cell coupling (hypercalcaemia) might produce differential effects on the ratio, and whether an intervention reducing this ratio might prevent the induction of sustained reentrant ventricular tachycardia. Methods: The effects of hypercalcaemia [8.2(SD 3.8) mmol·litre−1] and lignocaine infusion [to 24.4(19) and 42.3(29) μmol·litre−1] on Vlong and Vtrans were determined from 127 electrograms recorded with a plaque electrode on the anterior left ventricular wall of healthy dogs or 3 d after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Vlong and Vtrans were computed from isochronal maps displaying ellipsoid patterns with a long axis corresponding to longitudinal conduction and a short axis corresponding to transverse conduction, as determined during basic (S1) and premature (S2) stimulation from the centre of the plaque electrode. Infarcted heart preparations were subjected to programmed stimulation for induction of reentrant ventricular tachycardias. Results: Hypercalcaemia reduced both Vlong and Vtrans (P < 0.05) but did not modify either the ratio or the induction and patterns of ventricular tachycardias. Lignocaine reduced Vlong and the ratio during premature stimulation (S2) of infarcted heart preparations (P < 0.05) and stabilised reentrant ventricular tachycardias in preparations in which only non-sustained, multiform ventricular tachycardias were induced under control conditions. Conclusions: Conduction velocities in the longitudinal and transverse directions can be differentially affected by selected pharmacological interventions, but the ratio is not a representative index of the facilitating influence of tissue anisotropy on reentry. Therefore, the role of anisotropy in this model of reentry is not confined to establishing disparity of a functional character between conduction velocities in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
Distinguishing literal from metaphorical applications of Bayesian approaches
Authors: Timothy T. Rogers, Mark S. Seidenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract We distinguish between literal and metaphorical applications of Bayesian models. When intended literally, an isomorphism exists between the elements of representation assumed by the rational analysis and the mechanism that implements the computation. Thus, observation of the implementation can externally validate assumptions underlying the rational analysis. In other applications, no such isomorphism exists, so it is not clear how the assumptions that allow a Bayesian model to fit data can be independently validated.
Serum Urate Concentrations in Male High-School Students
Authors: Stanislav V. Kasl
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The results of this study offer additional evidence of the relationship of serum uric acid (SUA) levels to achievement-oriented behavior. The SUA determinations were made on 62 male high-school junior- and senior— level students and were repeated 4 1/2 years later. The correlation between the two determinations was 0.76. The subjects were divided into three groups: (1) those who completed college (CC), (2) those who attempted college but dropped out (AC), and (3) those who did not attend college (NC). Evaluation of mean high-school grades among the three groups suggested that the AC group was more highly motivated to obtain further education, in spite of poor grades. The highest SUA levels were found in the AC group, and within this group, those who attended college for a longer length of time had higher SUA concentrations. First-born subjects, noted previously for their higher achievement needs, had higher SUA levels.
Spotlight on metabolic remodelling in heart failure
Authors: T. Doenst, E. D. Abel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

This editorial refers to a collection of nine review articles invited for this special issue on metabolic remodelling in heart failure, guest edited by Torsten Doenst and E. Dale Abel 

The term ‘remodelling’ has been abundantly used in the context of heart failure with many different meanings.1–3 It was originally described in a rat model as the structural and functional response of the remote heart muscle to a local infarct caused by the occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery.4 Thereafter, a plethora of experimental and clinical studies have addressed mechanisms of remodelling and the concept is widely linked to the development of heart failure.5 However, metabolic aspects of remodelling have until recently been less well investigated.

The development of new molecular techniques, including diverse approaches to global analysis of gene expression6,7 and broad-based approaches such as proteomics and metabolomics8–10 has provided a wealth of new information on underlying mechanisms. However, the information derived from these techniques represent a ‘snapshot’ of a functional continuum because they require tissue samples which are usually derived from a specific time point. Although these approaches have proved to be extemely valuable, the functional relevance of many findings is not always obvious. For example, there has been a resurgence in the use of classic metabolic approaches such as assessing rates of substrate utilization, enzyme activities, and ATP synthesis rates. In the heart failure field, these developments are specifically important since changes in contractile function are associated with changes in energy demand (i.e. the processes involved in energy production and conversion).

In this spotlight issue, a series of review articles are presented to address the current knowledge of changes in the energy-producing processes of the myocardium under conditions that directly or indirectly lead to …
842 Role of HEME oxygenase-1 in alcohol mediated cytokine regulation
Authors: Y DRECHSLER, L ROMICSJR, W LI, G SZABO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Midazolam is a positive allosteric modulator at GABAA receptor that induces a short hypnosis and neuroplasticity, in which the sequential phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 was shown to play a role. This study investigated the parallel activation of p-MEK and p-ERK and regulatory mechanisms induced by midazolam through the stimulation of GABAA receptors in the mouse brain. During the time course of midazolam (60 mg/kg)-induced sleep in mice (lasting for about 2 h) p-Ser217/221 MEK1/2 was increased (+ 146% to + 258%) whereas, unexpectedly, p-Tyr204/Thr202 ERK1/2 was found decreased (− 16% to − 38%), revealing uncoupling of MEK to ERK signals in various brain regions. Midazolam-induced p-MEK1/2 upregulation was prevented by pretreatment (30 min) with flumazenil (10 mg/kg), indicating the involvement of GABAA receptors. Also unexpectedly, midazolam-induced p-ERK1/2 downregulation was not prevented by flumazenil (10 or 30 mg/kg). Notably, during midazolam-induced sleep the content of inactivated p-Thr286 MEK1, which can dampen ERK1/2 activation, was increased (+ 33% to + 149%) through a mechanism sensitive to flumazenil (10 mg/kg). Midazolam also increased MKP-3 (+ 13% to + 73%) content and this upregulation was prevented by flumazenil (10 mg/kg); an effect suggesting ERK inactivation because MKP-3 is the phosphatase selective for ERK1/2 dephosphorylation. The results indicate that during midazolam-induced sleep in mice there is an uncoupling of p-MEK (increased) to p-ERK (decreased) signals. p-ERK1/2 downregulation (not involving GABAA receptors) is the result of increased inactivated MEK1 and phosphatase MKP-3 (both effects involving GABAA receptors). These findings are relevant for the neurobiology and clinical use of benzodiazepines.
Indium 111 takes dead aim at inflammation, abscesses
Authors: Daniel H. Franck
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Indium 111 continues to appear useful in the detection of inflammatory processes, according to reports presented at the recent annual meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine in St Louis. The radioactive compound indium 111 chloride ( 111 InCl 3 ) may be especially effective in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and may have clinical advantages over gallium citrate Ga 67 for the detection of suspected abscesses.  The study suggesting the applicability of 111 InCl 3 to the detection of osteomyelitis was conducted by Bettye Sayle, MD, George Cierney, MD, Jon Mader, MD, and Donna Wilkey, MD, of the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. Fifty-eight patients with suspected osteomyelitis first underwent technetium Tc 99m bone scans and then were injected with 3mCu of 111 InCl 3 preparatory to imaging with a gamma camera. Some of the patients underwent Ga 67 scanning a week later. All resulting scintigrams were correlated with the results
Effects of calsequestrin over-expression on excitation–contraction coupling in isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes
Authors: S MILLER, S CURRIE, C LOUGHREY, S KETTLEWELL, T SEIDLER, D REYNOLDS, G HASENFUSS, G SMITH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objective: This study investigated the role of calsequestrin (CSQ) in the control of excitation–contraction (E–C) coupling in the heart.
Coronary Arterial Spasm in Prinzmetal Angina
Authors: Philip B. Oliva, Daniel E. Potts, Richard G. Pluss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

A woman with Prinzmetal angina displayed spontaneous attacks of myocardial ischemia characterized by severe chest pain, hypotension, inferior-wall ST-segment elevation and transient complete heart block. Coronary arteriography during several fully developed spontaneously occurring attacks demonstrated spasm of a right coronary artery that appeared to be anatomically normal. The site, extent and degree of obstruction varied during individual attacks. Immediately after an attack subsided the coronary artery appeared normal. These observations suggest that coronary arteriography should be attempted, if possible, during clinical attacks of pain in patients with Prinzmetal angina. Even those who have a focal atherosclerotic obstruction may have additional distal coronary arterial spasm. Spasm beyond a proximal obstruction may preclude the use of saphenous-vein bypass therapy alone. Coronary arterial vasodilators may be an important additional therapeutic measure.
TRICHOPHYTON YAOUNDEI INFECTION IN BRITAIN.
Authors: I. SARKANY, GILLIAN MIDGLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article TRICHOPHYTON YAOUNDEI INFECTION IN BRITAIN. Get access I. SARKANY, I. SARKANY The Royal Free Hospital, Gray's Inn Road, London, W.C.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GILLIAN MIDGLEY GILLIAN MIDGLEY St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 4, 1 April 1966, Pages 225–226, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12210.x Published: 01 April 1966
A prospective and open-label study for the efficacy and safety of telbivudine in pregnancy for the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Guo-Rong Han, Min-Kai Cao, Wei Zhao, Hong-Xiu Jiang, Cui-Min Wang, Shu-Fen Bai, Xin Yue, Gen-Ju Wang, Xun Tang, Zhi-Xun Fang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Echocardiographic study of cardiac tamponade.
Authors: H P Settle, R J Adolph, N O Fowler, P Engel, N S Agruss, N I Levenson
Journal: Circulation (1977)

We studied 14 patients with cardiac tamponade and pulsus paradoxus; 11 were studied after relief of tamponade by pericardiocentesis. Right ventricle diastolic diameter increased during inspiration in each of 12 patients; left ventricle diastolic diameter decreased during inspiration in each of 13. Mitral valve DE amplitude decreased with inspiration in 13 of 14 patients. Mitral valve E-F slope could be measured in eight patients, and was rounded and not measurable in six. Six of the eight showed inspiratory decrease in mitral E-F slope. Similar changes were observed in two other patients with pulsus paradoxus who had chronic obstructive airway disease. Twenty patients with large pericardial effusions and no tamponade did not show these changes. These results suggest inspiratory augmentation of right ventricular filling and inspiratory diminution of left ventricular filling, not only in cardiac tamponade, but in obstructive airway disease associated with pulsus paradoxus.
Renal Excretion of Phosphorus and Hypophosphataemia after Parathyroidectomy
Authors: M. Harrison, B. E. C. Nordin
Journal: BMJ (1960)

EPIDEMIC OF CHRONIC NEPHRITIS BeDI 245 (Danilovid et al., 1957); but these findings applied only to individual cases, aid most of the patients had no trace of lead in their food.As the clinical picture does not correspond to that of chronic lead-poisoning, there is not enough evidence that this is the cause.Bacteriological and virological investigations for known infections were not successful, and exhaustive tests showed that leptospirosis could be excluded.Acute infections with renal symptoms, epidemic haemorrhagic fever, and viral £" nephroso-nephritis " are not commonly found in these patients.Though a large number of cases of serous nephritis were reported during the second world war, especially among prisoners-of-war, no relation has been established between these and the present epidemic.Pellagra, which is prevalent in some regions of the country, is unknown in these villages. Possibility of Streptococcal InfectionRecent communications have stressed the important part played by streptococcal infection in promoting acute nephritis (Rammelkamp, 1956; Kodama et al., 1959), and attention has been concentrated on the possibility that it may have some relation to the present outbreak.This possibility cannot be excluded, even though all patients deny having had manifest streptococcal infection in the past.Also, no case has been reported of epidemic chronic nephritis as a consequence of streptococcal infection.Bearing in mind that all the patients have a comnmon history-that they live in humid conditions and are exposed to constant cold-it is possible that this factor, together with streptococcal infection, unapparent or latent, may provoke renal disease.Bacteriological and epidemiological investigations having been negative, an investigation was carried out in the neighbourhood of Belgrade on persons who had had scarlet fever 10 years previously.Only 0.5% of these had chronic nephritis.In other control groups of inhabitants who were exposed to streptococcal infec- tions the percentage with albuminuria did not exceed 3%, and with nephritis 0.8%.It has not been proved, therefore, that streptococcal infection has a part in the causation of these renal lesions.It is significant that similar phenomena have been observed in recent years in Bulgaria and Rumania (personal communication).In those countries, also, the condition is connected with villages in inundated areas, and the aetiology remains unknown in spite of numerous investigations.Owing to the number of patients and the gravity of the illness a serious problem faces medical science in countries where this form of chronic nephritis occurs.
Pedometers for older people can increase physical activity, research shows
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A sustained increase in physical activity among older people can be achieved by consultations with a practice nurse and the use of a pedometer, research published in the journal PLOS Medicine has shown.1

The randomised controlled trial included 298 people aged 60-75 from three UK general practices who received standard care or an intervention to increase their physical activity levels. Patients in the intervention group had four consultations …
Vistas in Neuropsychiatry: Papers Presented on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of the Pittsburgh Neuropsychiatric Society 1962
Authors: Nathaniel S. Apter
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The word  appears only twice in this volume of 14 papers and four discussions. Both times it is used to characterize the activities of the society whose nine founders were general practitioners who ventured into neurological and psychiatric practices before World War I. Yet the entire collection is a testament to the concepts of eclecticism or heterodoxy in psychiatry today.  H. W. Brosin offers a solid basis for identifying the complex problems and multiple opportunities in current psychotherapeutic work. His scholarly review supports the proposition that man can change psychosocial evolution. Articles on memory process (Magoun), on psychoanalytic education and research (Lewin), on psychopharmacology (Marrazzi), on social psychiatry (Rees), and on the use of drugs (Capparell and Meyers) may be utilized by the young doctor interested in psychiatry as a field of specialization. Astley's highly original and provocative paper on the conflict between psychiatry and religion opens a lively
M. B. COVENTRY "The Year Book of Orthopaedics 1982"
Authors: B. Helal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

A survey of 62 Journals was done and summaries of the works of over 600 authors are presented.Apart from a regional classification there are special sections on Paediatrics, Sports Injuries, Fractures, Tumours and Infections and one titled Miscellaneous which contains an account of injuries in a rising American sport -mechanical bull riding.It appears that the natural bull is too predictable and the directional forces it can generate to unseat a rider can be improved upon by this machine.Sprains, contusions, fractures, dislocations and combinations of these are described under the title of The Empty Saddle Syndrome which cannot fail to induce pathos.One wonders why it was not included in the Sports Medicine section which contains a paper on Hot Air Ballooning injuries -this, described as an enchanting sport -produces neck, and other spinal injuries, rib cage fractures and lower limb and ankle fractures in a dozen subjects.The relative incidence related to the number of participants is not mentioned but would be of interest to those about to take up this activity.The Achilles tendon and its investigation by xenographic and mammographic techniques, patellar and symphysis pubic disorders, cycling and volley balling injuries are all discussed.As always an interesting book to browse through and well worth buying if you are an orthopaedist.