tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of PS1 Deficiency on Membrane Protein Trafficking in Neurons
Authors: Satoshi Naruse, Gopal Thinakaran, Jin-Jun Luo, John W Kusiak, Taisuke Tomita, Takeshi Iwatsubo, Xiaozhong Qian, David D Ginty, Donald L Price, David R Borchelt, Philip C Wong, Sangram S Sisodia
Journal: Neuron (1998)

We have examined the trafficking and metabolism of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), an APP homolog (APLP1), and TrkB in neurons that lack PS1. We report that PS1-deficient neurons fail to secrete Aβ, and that the rate of appearance of soluble APP derivatives in the conditioned medium is increased. Remarkably, carboxyl-terminal fragments (CTFs) derived from APP and APLP1 accumulate in PS1-deficient neurons. Hence, PS1 plays a role in promoting intramembrane cleavage and/or degradation of membrane-bound CTFs. Moreover, the maturation of TrkB and BDNF-inducible TrkB autophosphorylation is severely compromised in neurons lacking PS1. We conclude that PS1 plays an essential role in modulating trafficking and metabolism of a selected set of membrane and secretory proteins in neurons.
The Parathyroids: Basic and Clinical Concepts
Authors: Ashok N. Vaswani
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This book by many investigators in the field of parathyroid and calcium metabolism serves many purposes: to educate students and future practitioners of endocrinology and, even more important, to collect and collate the phenomenal amount of information available. Ever since Fuller Albright provided a classic description of the parathyroid glands in the first half of the century, a remarkable body of literature has accumulated. At first glance, one might question the need for another endocrinology textbook dedicated to a single gland. However, just as the parathyroid glands are anatomic companions to the thyroid gland, this text should be a companion to texts on the thyroid gland, and the wealth of research collected over the past 30 years makes the text stand on its own merits. The chapters are well organized with appropriate emphasis on molecular and clinical topics. The smooth blend between the two makes the book extremely readable, and
Paediatric Exercise Science and Medicine
Authors: Dilip R. Patel
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of fibrous glass on rat pleural mesothelium. Histopathologic observations.
Authors: A E Fraire, S D Greenberg, H J Spjut, V L Roggli, R F Dodson, J Cartwright, G Williams, S Baker
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Female Fisher 344 rats (n = 25) were inoculated intrapleurally with a single 20-mg dose of (JM-100) fibrous glass. The mean length (2.2 microns) and width (0.15 microns) of the fibrous glass particles was within respirable range. Following inoculation, the rats were killed at timed intervals ranging from 2 to 430 d from inoculation. The pleural histopathologic changes were independently observed by a panel of three pathologists blinded to the time elapsed from inoculation. Fibrous adhesions, nodular lesions, and grossly evident tumor were noted in 15, 2, and 1 rat, respectively. In 1 rat there were combined adhesive and nodular changes, and in 6 there were no grossly detectable abnormalities. Chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and foreign body reaction were found in 9, 18, and 10 rats, respectively. Mesothelial hyperplasia and dysplasia were observed in 16 and 9 rats, respectively. Of 16 rats with the severest degree of hyperplasia and dysplasia, 3 developed malignant mesothelioma. This study suggests that a spectrum of rat pleural mesothelial histopathologic changes occurs before development of mesothelioma. The association of severe dysplasia in 3 rats with fully developed mesothelioma suggests that there may be a gradual progression from mesothelial hyperplasia or dysplasia to mesothelioma. Multivariate analysis further suggests that gross pleural nodular lesions and dysplasia may be significantly associated with the development of mesothelioma in this experimental model.
When I use a word . . .: Oh? Why?
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The risks of poor transition include delayed and inappropriate transfer that can result in disengagement with healthcare. Structured transition care can improve control of chronic digestive diseases and long-term health-related outcomes. These are the first nationally developed guidelines on the transition of adolescent and young persons (AYP) with chronic digestive diseases from paediatric to adult care. They were commissioned by the Clinical Services and Standards Committee of the British Society of Gastroenterology under the auspices of the Adolescent and Young Persons (A&amp;YP) Section. Electronic searches for English-language articles were performed with keywords relating to digestive system diseases and transition to adult care in the Medline (via Ovid), PsycInfo (via Ovid), Web of Science and CINAHL databases for studies published from 1980 to September 2014. The quality of evidence and grading of recommendations was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The limited number of studies in gastroenterology and hepatology required the addition of relevant studies from other chronic diseases to be included. These guidelines deal specifically with the transition of AYP living with a diagnosis of chronic digestive disease and/or liver disease from paediatric to adult healthcare under the following headings; 1.&nbsp;Patient populations involved in AYP transition 2.&nbsp;Risks of failing transition or poor transition 3.&nbsp;Models of AYP transition 4.&nbsp;Patient and carer/parent perspective in AYP transition 5.&nbsp;Surgical perspective
Is it better to be poor and unemployed or rich and work in a hazardous environment?
Authors: E. B. Macdonald, K. A. Sanati
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Largent discusses the occupational hazards faced by Sherpas on Everest, and the ethics of hiring people from poor communities to do dangerous work.1

Sherpas are one ethnic group among many who undertake high altitude mountain guiding in Nepal and elsewhere. They usually start their climbing career by working as porters who are lowly paid, are poorly equipped, and carry loads …
Endoscopic Management of Foreign Bodies in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Report on a Series of 414 Adult Patients
Authors: S. Mosca, G. Manes, R. Martino, L. Amitrano, V. Bottino, A. Bove, A. Camera, C. De Nucci, G. Di Costanzo, M. Guardascione, F. Lampasi, S. Picascia, F. P. Picciotto, E. Riccio, V. P. Rocco, G. Uomo, A. Balzano
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Ingestion of foreign bodies is a common occurrence. Few papers in the literature report experience and outcome at tertiary centers. The aim of this paper is to report the management and the outcomes in 414 patients admitted for suspected ingestion of foreign body between May 1995 and December 1999.A plain radiographic film of the neck, chest or abdomen was obtained in the case of radiopaque objects, and in order to rule out suspected perforation: in such cases a computed tomography (CT) study was also performed. All patients were asked to give their informed consent, which was refused by three patients. Anesthesia was always used, either conscious sedation (86.8 %), or general anesthesia in the case of poor patient tolerance (13.2 %). All patients underwent an endoscopic procedure within six hours of admission. A flexible scope was used in all patients and a wide range of endoscopic devices was employed.Foreign bodies were found in 64.5 % of our patients. Almost all were found in the esophagus. The types of foreign body were very different, but they were chiefly food boluses, bones or cartilages, dental prostheses or fish bones. In three patients (1.1 %) it was impossible to endoscopically remove the foreign body, which was located in the cervical esophagus: all these three patients required surgery. No complications relating to the endoscopic procedure were observed, but 30.7 % of patients had an underlying esophageal disease, such as a stricture. Only eight patients required a second endoscopic procedure, performed by a more experienced endoscopist.Foreign body ingestion represents a frequent reason for emergency endoscopy. The endoscopic procedure is a successful technique which allows the removal of the foreign bodies in almost all cases without significant complications. Surgery is rarely required.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC SCREENING FOR RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE AMONG 6,270 ASYMPTOMATIC SCHOOL CHILDREN IN INDIA: THE RHEUMATIC (RHEUMATIC HEART ECHO UTILIZATION AND MONITORING ACTUARIAL TRENDS IN INDIAN CHILDREN) STUDY
Authors: Anita Saxena, Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian, Ambuj Roy, Anand Krishnan, Puneet Misra, Balram Bhargava, Philip Poole-Wilson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Lipid lowering agents.
Authors: E J Trimmer
Journal: BMJ (1972)

the difference in any summary where a diff- erence is stated to be significant in the stat- istical sense?This is not perhaps always possible, because some experiments are planned to tell only whether A is better than B with some predetermined probability, and not how much better.However, when the difference is given in the summnary the skim- ming reader in his bee-like flight can better judge where to pause for the sort of honey he likes.-Iam, etc.,
Use of steroid eye drops in general practice.
Authors: M J Lavin, G E Rose
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Medical practitioners are advised never to prescribe topical ophthalmic steroids, without first seeking the opinion of an ophthalmologist Subjects, methods, and resultsA questionnaire was sent to the first 200 ophthalmologists in the 1984 Medical Register asking: (1) if they had ever seen inappropriate use of steroid eye drops-and if so how many cases they had seen within one year and how many of these were of herpes simplex eye disease; (2) what proportion of these patients had suffered "significant visual handicap" (a) overall and (b) specifically among those being treated for herpes simplex; (3) whether the problem in their area was becoming more common, less common, or staying the same; and (4) if they would favour general practitioners being advised not to prescribe topical ophthalmic steroids or steroid and antibiotic mixtures except after consultation with an ophthalmologist.
Oxidized Ca <sup>2+</sup> /Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Triggers Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Anil Purohit, Adam G. Rokita, Xiaoqun Guan, Biyi Chen, Olha M. Koval, Niels Voigt, Stefan Neef, Thomas Sowa, Zhan Gao, Elizabeth D. Luczak, Hrafnhildur Stefansdottir, Andrew C. Behunin, Na Li, Ramzi N. El-Accaoui, Baoli Yang, Paari Dominic Swaminathan, Robert M. Weiss, Xander H.T. Wehrens, Long-Sheng Song, Dobromir Dobrev, Lars S. Maier, Mark E. Anderson
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing public health problem without adequate therapies. Angiotensin II and reactive oxygen species are validated risk factors for AF in patients, but the molecular pathways connecting reactive oxygen species and AF are unknown. The Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has recently emerged as a reactive oxygen species–activated proarrhythmic signal, so we hypothesized that oxidized CaMKIIδ could contribute to AF. Methods and Results— We found that oxidized CaMKII was increased in atria from AF patients compared with patients in sinus rhythm and from mice infused with angiotensin II compared with mice infused with saline. Angiotensin II–treated mice had increased susceptibility to AF compared with saline-treated wild-type mice, establishing angiotensin II as a risk factor for AF in mice. Knock-in mice lacking critical oxidation sites in CaMKIIδ (MM-VV) and mice with myocardium-restricted transgenic overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A, an enzyme that reduces oxidized CaMKII, were resistant to AF induction after angiotensin II infusion. Conclusions— Our studies suggest that CaMKII is a molecular signal that couples increased reactive oxygen species with AF and that therapeutic strategies to decrease oxidized CaMKII may prevent or reduce AF.
Coexistence of psoriasis and linear IgA bullous dermatosis
Authors: Y. Takagi, S. Sawada, M. Yamauchi, M. Amagai, M. Niimura
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Abstract Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is characterized by IgA autoantibodies against components of the basement membrane zone (BMZ). A 97-kDa protein is one of the major autoantigens associated with this disease. We report a 68-year-old man who developed LABD after a 3-year history of psoriasis and in the context of active hepatitis C virus infection. He had been treated with cyclosporin for psoriasis for about 9 months. Histologically, there was a subepidermal blister containing neutrophils and eosinophils with lymphocytes infiltrating predominantly in the dermis. Direct immunofluorescent staining showed linear IgA deposition at the BMZ. The patient’s IgA autoantibodies bound exclusively to the epidermal side of 1 mol/L salt-split normal human skin. Immunoblot analysis identified a 97-kDa autoantigen in epidermal extracts. This appears to be the first case of LABD with IgA autoantibodies against a 97-kDa autoantigen, associated with psoriasis and hepatitis C virus infection.
Papillary Carcinoma of the Ovary
Authors: Gerard L. Gaudrault
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE failure of a proved, untreated metastasis from ovarian carcinoma to cause a patient's death is so unusual as to warrant recording. In 1948 this woman's first eight years of life after the original diagnosis were summarized, and a low-power photo-micrograph of the cancer was included.† At her last visit on February 13, 1960, she was enjoying good health, and nothing disturbing could be found on general, pelvic and rectal examination or on study by gastrointestinal x-ray pictures. The following is a brief recapitulation of my original report and my further history concerning her.Case ReportOn November 3, 1939, . . .
Chemotherapy in the Rwandan Countryside: Universal Issues a World Away
Authors: Michael Postow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

On Being a Doctor3 January 2012Chemotherapy in the Rwandan Countryside: Universal Issues a World AwayMichael Postow, MDMichael Postow, MDFrom Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-1-201201030-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It was almost lunchtime. Outside the hospital in Rwanda, patients' family members formed a line behind a large, steaming pot of potatoes, awaiting the distribution of food to bring to their hospitalized loved ones. The women wore kitenges, patterned cloths wrapped around their waists that gently swept the sun-dried dirt as they walked. The men wore brightly colored shirts, unbuttoned to cope with the blistering heat. The single-file queue looked like a psychedelic caterpillar looping around the rural hospital's inpatient ward. Inside the hospital, the scene was less magical.I stood in a small, secluded private room with my patient, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.Corresponding Author: Michael Postow, MD, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065; e-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 3 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 60-61KeywordsBiopsyCancer chemotherapyCancer treatmentChemotherapyGlobal healthHIVLymphomaPalliative carePathologistsVeins ePublished: 3 January 2012 Issue Published: 3 January 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Diagnosing pulmonary embolism
Authors: A G Fennerty
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—The letters commenting on my review on the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism merit a reply.1 2 My first comment concerns the morbidity of anticoagulant treatment. A study by the British Thoracic Society showed a mortality of 0.1%, with serious bleeding in 6/1000 patient months.3 Most published studies of mortality and morbidity refer to long term treatment with anticoagulants, but even recent studies of the treatment of atrial fibrillation in which the target …
Endothelial Function in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Dirk G. Wilson, Michael F. Bellamy, Mark W. Ramsey, Jonathan Goodfellow, Moira Brownlee, Sally Davies, John F. Wilson, Malcolm J. Lewis, A. Graham Stuart
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The cardiovascular complications of Marfan syndrome arise due to alterations in the structural and functional properties of fibrillin, a constituent of vascular connective tissues. Fibrillin-containing microfibrils are closely associated with arterial endothelial cells, indicating a possible functional role for fibrillin in the endothelium. Plasma concentrations of endothelial cell products are elevated in Marfan subjects, which indirectly indicates endothelial dysfunction. This study directly assessed flow- and agonist-mediated endothelium-dependent brachial artery reactivity in Marfan subjects. Methods and Results —In 20 Marfan and 20 control subjects, brachial artery diameter, blood flow, and blood pressure were measured by ultrasonic wall tracking, Doppler ultrasound, and photoplethysmography, respectively. Measurements were taken during hand hyperemia (a stimulus for endothelium-derived nitric oxide [NO] release in the upstream brachial artery) and after sublingual administration of the endothelium-independent vasodilator nitroglycerin. In 9 Marfan and 6 control subjects, the above parameters were also assessed during intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and bradykinin (agonists that stimulate NO production) and N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA, an inhibitor of NO production). Flow-mediated responses differed markedly between Marfan and control subjects (−1.6±3.5% versus 6.50±4.1%, respectively; P &lt;0.0001), whereas nitroglycerin produced similar vasodilation (14.2±5.7% versus 15.2±7.8%; P =NS). Agonist-induced vasodilation to incremental intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and bradykinin were not significantly different between Marfan and control subjects, and intra-arterial L-NMMA produced similar reductions in brachial artery diameter in both groups. Conclusions —These data demonstrate impaired flow-mediated but preserved agonist-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in Marfan subjects and suggest preservation of basal NO release. Selective loss of flow-mediated dilation suggests a role for fibrillin in endothelial cell mechanotransduction.
Rigiscan Evaluation of Specific Nervous Impairment in Patients With Diabetes and Erectile Disorders
Authors: Giuseppe Bax, Narciso Marin, Francesco Piarulli, Mario Lamonica, Fabiana Bellio, Domenico Fedele
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE A proposed new, minimally invasive, and painless method for studying impairment of the autonomic system of the penile region in type 2 diabetes patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirteen subjects were selected from 150 patients with type 2 diabetes and erectile dysfunction who were studied in accordance with the National Institutes of Health consensus. The 13 subjects (group A), aged 55 ± 8 years, had acceptable metabolic control (HbA1c, &amp;lt;8%); no arterial or venous diseases or initial Peyronie's disease, as evaluated by penile Doppler ultrasonography and intracavernous prostaglandin E1 injection; and penile tumescence at the base (PTB) &amp;lt;30 mm. Group B consisted of 13 control subjects with the same characteristics, including mean age (53.1 ± 9 years), metabolic control (HbA1c, 7.3 ± 0.7%), and duration of disease (8.3 ± 0.7 years), but PTB was =30 mm. Student's t test was used to evaluate differences in the results of autonomic cardiovascular tests, somatic tests (vibration perception threshold [VPT]), and diabetic neuropathy score (DNS) in both groups. The coefficient of variation of PTB was evaluated using the Rigiscan device (Dacomed, Minneapolis, MN), and Bayes' test was used to test sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of the cardiovascular tests. RESULTS Patients with PTB &amp;lt;30 mm had significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) impairment of parasympathetic tests (lying to standing, P &amp;lt; 0.02; standing to lying, P &amp;lt; 0.04; squat test, P &amp;lt; 0.03) compared with subjects with higher PTB values. No difference in DNS and VPT at the base and tip of the penis was found between the two groups. The variability of the test is 10% in normal subjects and 15% in both groups of patients. PTB sensitivity was 54%, specificity 89%, and positive predictive value 79%. CONCLUSIONS In patients with diabetes and without vascular diseases, the PTB evaluated by Rigiscan is related to impairment of the autonomic nervous system. A PTB value &amp;lt;30 mm may be considered a useful, noninvasive marker in studying parasympathetic damage of the penile region.