tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An audit of medicolegal conferencing
Authors: R G Pringle
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

In the English civil justice system, experts involved in a case are now commonly required to confer before the hearing and identify the areas of agreement and disagreement. A prospective study of 50 consecutive medicolegal conferences of experts was undertaken, with a view to defining their benefits, weaknesses and the optimum conference format. A record was kept of the dates of first instruction, court deadlines, and date, time and duration of conferences, together with related calls and correspondence. The manner of preparation of the statement was noted, the level of agreement/disagreement, any compromise, any later modifications of the draft, and the author's fees. Subsequently the instructing solicitors were asked to comment on the suitability of the joint statement and its contribution to settlement. Medicolegal conferencing is time-consuming and expensive. It may be of limited value where there is little or no difference of opinion, either between experts in a single field or between experts in different fields. The instructing solicitors must ensure that the participants receive, in advance of the conference, copies of all relevant documents including medical reports and medical records. An agenda is helpful in ensuring that matters of importance are not overlooked. Conferences are more effective when held in person than when conducted by telephone. The joint statement is best dictated in the presence of all participants during or after the conference. To ensure the most efficient and economical use of consultant time a formal combined audit of conferencing should be undertaken by the medical and legal professions.
Types of Collagen Synthesized by Normal Rat Liver Hepatocytes in Primary Culture†
Authors: Scheffer C. G. Tseng, Edward A. Smuckler, Robert Stern
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Collagen formation is an important function of liver parenchymal cells that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. The types of collagen synthesized by cultured normal rat liver hepatocytes were examined. Cells isolated from adult rats by enzymatic dispersion of the liver were established in primary monolayer culture. Cells were then incubated with radiolabeled proline for 20 hr in the presence of ascorbate and the lathrogen beta-aminopropionitrile. Collagen secreted into the cell media was assessed separately from that in the cell layer. The greater proportion of newly synthesized collagen was associated with the cell layer. Collagen types were identified by ion exchange chromatography and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Types I, III, IV, and V collagen were present in both media and cell layer. Types III and V were the predominant types found. Very little Type I collagen was synthesized by these cultured normal hepatocytes. The percentages of Types I, III, IV, and V collagens, combining media and cell layer, were 6, 38, 19, and 36, respectively.
The Physician's Role in Health Promotion Revisited — A Survey of Primary Care Practitioners
Authors: H Wechsler, S Levine, R K Idelson, E L Schor, E Coakley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In 1981, a study of the role of primary care physicians concluded that there was a lack of consensus about many of the surgeon general's recommendations for health promotion and that most primary care physicians felt unprepared for this role and unable to change patients' behavior.1,2 In the ensuing 13 years, a number of other studies had similar results.313 Since physicians are in a unique position to influence the behavior of patients, attaining national goals for health promotion requires their enthusiastic agreement and active participation. We sought to examine the extent to which primary care physicians practicing in . . .
Should Physicians Counsel Patients to Drink Alcohol?-Reply
Authors: Thomas A. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Gordis and colleagues raise several important issues in the area of alcohol consumption by population subgroups, especially women and the elderly. The optimal level of alcohol consumption may differ from one group to the next, and physicians should certainly understand the important differences in alcohol metabolism between the young and the elderly and between men and women. However, this is precisely the point that we wished to emphasize, namely, that each individual may be different in terms of whether and how much alcohol to consume (up to two drinks per day). Rather than provide generalized statements to the public, we should encourage physicians to get involved in the counseling of individuals early in their adult lives to assure that the right lifestyles get matched with the right individuals. My coinvestigators and I certainly concur that pregnant women should not consume alcohol and said so in the Editorial.
Dengue: an escalating problem
Authors: R. V Gibbons
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The short-term impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on cardiac surgery hospitalizations has been previously reported in cohorts of various sizes, but results have been variable. Using the 2005–2014 National Inpatient Sample, we identified all adult hospitalizations for cardiac surgery using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification as any procedure code and AF as any diagnosis code. We estimated the impact of AF on inpatient mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost of hospitalization using survey-weighted, multivariable logistic, accelerated failure-time log-normal, and log-transformed linear regressions, respectively. Additionally, we exact-matched AF to non-AF hospitalizations on various confounders for the same outcomes. A total of 1,269,414 hospitalizations were noted for cardiac surgery during the study period. Coexistent AF was found in 44.9% of these hospitalizations. Overall mean age was 65.6 years, 40.9% were female, mean LOS was 11.6 days, and inpatient mortality was 4.5%. Stroke rate was lower in AF hospitalizations (1.8% vs 2.1%, p&lt;0.001). Mortality was lower in the AF (3.9%) versus the non-AF (5%) group (exact-matched OR or emOR=0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.80, p&lt;0.001; 987 matched pairs, n=2423), with similar results after procedural stratification: isolated valve replacement/repair (emOR=0.38, p&lt;0.001), isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (emOR=0.33, p&lt;0.001), and CABG with valve replacement/repair (emOR=0.55, p&lt;0.001). A 12% increase was seen in LOS in the AF subgroup (exact-matched time ratio=1.12, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.14, p&lt;0.001) among hospitalizations which underwent valve replacement/repair with or without CABG. Hospitalizations for cardiac surgery which had coexistent AF were found to have lower inpatient mortality risk and stroke prevalence but higher LOS and hospitalization costs compared with hospitalizations without AF.
US media needled over flu vaccine shortage
Authors: Daniel Engber
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A n outbreak of feverish media coverage has been unleashed upon the United States. “We're facing the prospect of a major epidemic,” says Dr Arthur Kellermann, of the American College of Emergency Physicians, who has been interviewed about the shortage of flu vaccine for no fewer than 14 television and print stories over the past few weeks.

Fifty million doses of flu vaccine, or around half of America's expected supply, were condemned on 5 October when British regulators found bacterial contamination at the Liverpool factory where they had been produced. Newspaper articles were quick to deliver the relevant statistics: only 60 million doses would be available in the United States, for the 90 million Americans deemed to be at “high risk” from the influenza virus.

“Scene by disheartening scene, the spectacle of a severe shortage of flu vaccine is unfolding around the country,” wrote Denise Grady in the New York Times. Two days later, the ubiquitous Dr Kellermann appeared on a PBS broadcast to point out that “without swift action, the vaccine shortage could cripple our healthcare system.”

Although the …
Abstract 5746: Risk Categorization and Lipid Lowering Eligibility according to NCEP ATP III Guidelines across Increasing Atherosclerotic plaque Burden Assessed by Non Invasive Coronary CT Angiography
Authors: Khurram Nasir, Juan J Rivera, Faisal Khosa, Yeonyee E Yoon, Sung-A Sung-A Chang, Eun-Ju Eun-Ju Chun, Sang-il Choi, Roger S Blumenthal, Hyuk-jae Chang
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Calculation of the Risk of Ovarian Cancer From Serial CA-125 Values for Preclinical Detection in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: S. J. Skates
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Previous studies of CA-125 levels from screening trials for ovarian cancer have indicated that serial CA-125 levels may identify cases better than a fixed CA-125 cutoff. We conducted a study to assess the screening performance of the risk of ovarian cancer calculation based on serial CA-125 levels from prospectively collected serum samples compared with a fixed CA-125 cutoff.The calculation was applied to data from a prospective trial of screening for ovarian cancer involving 22,000 postmenopausal women older than 45 years. The analysis was performed using 33,621 CA-125 results from 9,233 women for whom two or more serial samples were available. All serum samples from the patients with ovarian cancer were obtained before clinical detection. Sensitivity and specificity levels for preclinical detection of index cancers were calculated for various cutoffs for the risk and a single CA-125 measurement, and receiver operator curves were constructed.The risk calculation significantly improved the area under the curve from 84% to 93% compared with a fixed cutoff for CA-125 (P =.01). For a target specificity of 98%, the risk achieved a sensitivity of 86% for preclinical detection of ovarian cancer, whereas CA-125 achieved a sensitivity of 62%. The estimates of performance are unbiased, because the risk calculation was derived independent of the data from this trial.These results provide the first evidence that preclinical detection of ovarian cancer using serial CA-125 levels interpreted with the risk calculation significantly improves screening performance compared with a fixed cutoff for CA-125. The results justify the incorporation of the risk calculation in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
ABC of vascular diseases. Peripheral arteriovenous malformations.
Authors: D J Allison, A Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The term arteriovenous malformation encompasses a bewildering variety of P V ~~~~~~~l esions, many of which are rarely treated outside specialist units.The y '.1 g g g lesions can occur anywhere in the body and the symptoms and signs depend on the site, size, and degree of shunting through the lesion.Their aetiology | = is uncertain.Some are clearly post-traumatic and some are congenital; **| ~E ~>, S others appear years after birth, possibly in relation to either accidental or | l l ll -liatrogenic trauma.Much work is in progress to try to isolate an 1 ' E <8sg g gs angiogenesis factor" that will clarify their pathophysiology.Classification of the lesions is difficult because of the plethora of descriptive terms used by both clinicians and pathologists.At angiography, however, most lesions can be classified by their flow characteristics into one of three groups: Group I -Predominantly arterial or arteriovenous lesions Group 2-Lesions affecting tiny vessels including capillaries Group 3-Predominantly venous lesions.Group3Plesion of right knee.The arterial This is a classification on which therapeutic decisions can be based, phase (left) shows normal anatomy though it does not necessarily bear any accurate relation to the histological (P=popliteal artery, PT=posteriortibial appearances of the lesions.This article is confined to benign lesions.artery, TP=tibioperoneal trunk).Delayed image (right) shows contrast medium pooling in abnormal venous spaces (arrowed).
The Caring Physician: The Life of Dr Francis W. Peabody
Authors: John H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This brief biography of Francis W. Peabody (1881-1927) was written by Oglesby Paul, MD, professor emeritus of medicine at Harvard Medical School, whose own father was attended in his last illness by Dr Peabody. Drawing on letters, diaries, and numerous published and unpublished documents, Dr Paul has produced a richly detailed, absorbing, and moving account of Dr Peabody's personal life, professional career, philosophy of medical practice, and early death. Francis Weld Peabody was born and raised in Boston's elite "Brahmin" society, son of a professor in the Harvard Divinity School and nephew of Harvard President Charles W. Eliot. After graduating from Harvard College and Medical School and interning at Massachusetts General Hospital, he devoted some months to advanced study in Europe before returning to Boston to take up a career in internal medicine. From the first he showed a leaning toward clinical and laboratory research, teaching, and writing. During successive
521 A COX-2 inhibitor reduces oval cell proliferation during the early stages of oncogenesis in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: J OLYNYK, R DAVIES, G YEOH
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Oxidatively generated DNA damage is considered to be a significant contributing factor to cancer, aging, and age-related human diseases. It is important to detect oxidatively generated DNA damage to understand and clinically diagnosis diseases caused by oxidative damage. In this study, using selective enzymatic cleavage and quantum dot (QD) labeling, we developed a novel capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence method for the sensitive detection of oxidized DNA bases. First, oxidized DNA bases are recognized and removed by one DNA base excision repair glycosylase, leaving apurinic and apyrimidinic sites (AP sites) at the oxidized positions. The AP sites are further excised by the AP nicking activity of the chosen glycosylase, generating a nucleotide gap with 5′- and 3′- phosphate groups. After dephosphorylation with one alkaline phosphatase, a biotinylated ddNTP is introduced into the nucleotide space within the DNA strand by DNA polymerase I. The biotin-tagged DNA is further labeled with a QD-streptavidin conjugate via non-covalent interactions. The DNA-bound QD is well-separated from excess DNA-unbound QD by highly efficient capillary electrophoresis and is sensitively detected by online coupled laser-induced fluorescence analysis. Using this method, we can assess the trace levels of oxidized DNA bases induced by the Fenton reaction and UV irradiation. Interestingly, the use of the formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (FPG) protein and endonuclease VIII enables the detection of oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases, respectively. Using the synthesized standard DNA, the approach has low limits of detection of 1.1 × 10−19 mol in mass and 2.9 pM in concentration.
Interleukin-6 Induces Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction by Overexpression of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor
Authors: Sven Wassmann, Michaela Stumpf, Kerstin Strehlow, Andreas Schmid, Bernhard Schieffer, Michael Böhm, Georg Nickenig
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor activation as well as proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The detailed underlying mechanisms including interactions between inflammatory agonists and the renin-angiotensin system are poorly understood. Stimulation of cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with IL-6 led to upregulation of AT 1 receptor mRNA and protein expression, as assessed by Northern and Western blot experiments. Nuclear run-on and transcription blockade experiments showed that IL-6 increases AT 1 receptor mRNA de novo synthesis but not mRNA stability. Preincubation of VSMCs with IL-6 resulted in an enhanced angiotensin II–induced production of reactive oxygen species, as assessed by DCF fluorescence laser microscopy. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with IL-6 for 18 days increased vascular AT 1 receptor expression (real-time RT-PCR) and angiotensin II–induced vasoconstriction, enhanced vascular superoxide production (L-012 chemiluminescence, DHE fluorescence), and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. These effects were completely omitted in AT 1 receptor knockout mice (AT1A −/− mice). Upregulation of vascular AT 1 receptor expression in vitro and in vivo is decisively involved in IL-6–induced propagation of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. This interaction of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 with the renin-angiotensin system may represent an important pathogenetic mechanism in the atherosclerotic process.
Is the monoclonal spread of the ST258, KPC-3-producing clone being replaced in southern Italy by the dissemination of multiple clones of carbapenem-nonsusceptible, KPC-3-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae?
Authors: D.M. Geraci, C. Bonura, M. Giuffrè, L. Saporito, G. Graziano, A. Aleo, T. Fasciana, F. Di Bernardo, T. Stampone, D.M. Palma, C. Mammina
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
The “Million Hearts” Initiative — Preventing Heart Attacks and Strokes
Authors: Thomas R Frieden, Donald M Berwick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Each year, more than 2 million Americans have a heart attack or stroke, and more than 800,000 of them die; cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and the largest cause of lower life expectancy among blacks. Related medical costs and productivity losses approach $450 billion annually, and inflation-adjusted direct medical costs are projected to triple over the next two decades if present trends continue.1 To reduce this burden, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), other federal, state, and local government agencies, and a broad range of private-sector partners are today launching a . . .
Noncanonical NF-κB activation requires coordinated assembly of a regulatory complex of the adaptors cIAP1, cIAP2, TRAF2 and TRAF3 and the kinase NIK
Authors: Brian J Zarnegar, Yaya Wang, Douglas J Mahoney, Paul W Dempsey, Herman H Cheung, Jeannie He, Travis Shiba, Xiaolu Yang, Wen-chen Yeh, Tak W Mak, Robert G Korneluk, Genhong Cheng
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Gynaecologist acquitted in hysterectomy case
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A British gynaecologist has been acquitted of performing an illegal abortion after he went ahead with a hysterectomy while suspecting the patient was pregnant.

Reginald Dixon, a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist at King's Mill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, was found not guilty unanimously by a jury at Nottingham Crown Court on 21 December. He had been charged under section 58 of the 1861 Offences against the Person Act, introduced to combat backstreet abortionists, which carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.

Mr Dixon was carrying out a hysterectomy on Barbara Whiten, then aged …
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF LITHIUM TOXICITY
Authors: Madalene Heng
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF LITHIUM TOXICITY Get access Madalene Heng, M.D. Madalene Heng, M.D. Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, UCLA San Fernando Valley Program, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sepulveda, California, U.S.A. Madalene Heng, M.D., Division of Dermatology (111F), Veterans Administration Medical Center, 16111 Plummer Street, Sepulveda, California 91343, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 106, Issue 1, 1 January 1982, Pages 107–109, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00911.x Published: 01 January 1982
EARLY NATIONAL LEGISLATION ON THE SUBJECT OF QUARANTINE.
Authors: STEPHEN SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1892)

(<i>Continued from page 378</i>.) The Fourth Congress met at Philadelphia, December, 1795, at the close of one of the most alarming and widespread epidemics of yellow fever which had as yet been known. The conflicting opinions and acts of different State and municipal authorities in the adoption and enforcement of measures for preventing the importation and spread of yellow fever had excited much public commemt. The fever was believed to be imported, and existing quarantines were regarded as inefficient, owing to a want of power on the part of the States to enforce their regulations. The questions which were raised in Congress were twofold, viz.: 1. Should not the establishment and management of quarantines be exclusively the duty of the General Government, under the provision of the Constitution empowering Congress "to regulate commerce?" 2. Is not a quarantine a police regulation of the State or municipality, and hence quite outside
Setting target rates for breast feeding would probably be a waste of resources
Authors: P. Hoddinott
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—In their paper on setting targets for increasing the breast feeding rates in Scotland Harry Campbell and Anne Gibson state that targets should be related to actions known to be effective, yet the evidence they quote in support of this is weak.1

Of the six papers showing that improving hospital practices can increase the rate of breast feeding, none were British. Their generalisability must be questioned, given the cultural diversity in breast feeding practices. One paper is a review …
Hantavirus Infection in the Domestic Cat
Authors: Norbert Nowotny, Herbert Weissenboeck, Stephan Aberle, Friedrich Hinterdorfer
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recently we have presented serological evidence that domestic cats are susceptible to<i>Hantavirus</i>infection.<sup>1</sup>Five percent of cats that had been allowed to roam outside and to hunt showed antibodies to the European Puumala serotype of<i>Hantavirus</i>. Our serological findings are in accordance with the results found in British cats in a study by Bennett et al,<sup>2</sup>which found an even higher prevalence of feline infection in some regions (up to 23%, with a mean of 9.6%). The severity of hantaviral disease in humans encouraged us to obtain more data on feline<i>Hantavirus</i>infection, especially as a<i>Hantavirus</i>species was recently found to be the cause of a highly fatal pulmonary syndrome in North America.<sup>3,4</sup> We therefore looked by immunofluorescence for<i>Hantavirus</i>antigen in the lungs and kidneys of 100 domestic cats that had been received for necropsy from 1991 to 1994. For our
Informed Consent to Treatment
Authors: Bernard D. Hirsh
Journal: JAMA (1961)

TO BE legally valid, the consent given to a procedure must be an intelligent or informed consent, with an understanding of what is to be done and the risks involved.  InBang v. Charles T. Miller Hospital, 251 Minn. 427, 88 N.W.2d 186 (1958), the plaintiff consented to a transurethral prostatic resection. In performing the operation, the defendant surgeon severed the plaintiff's spermatic cords. The plaintiff, who brought an action for assault or unauthorized surgery, testified that nothing had been said concerning the fact that he would be rendered sterile by the operation. There was uncontradicted testimony at the trial that severance of the spermatic cords— bilateral section and ligation of the vas—is routine in cases of patients the age of the plaintiff, for otherwise there is a possibility of infection.  At the close of the plaintiff's evidence, the case was dismissed on its merits but on appeal the
The RenalGuard system reduced kidney injury more than a control system in high-risk patients
Authors: Mohammad G. Saklayen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Briguori C, Visconti G, Focaccio A, et al. Renal Insufficiency After Contrast Media Administration Trial II (REMEDIAL II): RenalGuard system in high-risk patients for contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Circulation. 2011;124:1260-9. 21844075
N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers for targeted delivery of 8-aminoquinoline antileishmanial drugs
Authors: Anjan Nan, N.P.Dhammika Nanayakkara, Larry A Walker, Vanessa Yardley, Simon L Croft, Hamidreza Ghandehari
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2001)