tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Colonic and Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: R. B. Merlo
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The importance of screening for colonic and rectal carcinoma is properly stressed in theMedical Newsarticle (234:137, 1975) about the wood-resin guaiac test. To say, however, that positive guaiac test results should be followed by proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy improperly deemphasizes the importance of colon roentgenography. Positive guaiac testing should certainly be followed by proctosigmoidoscopy, and a barium enema should be done even if proctosigmoidoscopy shows abnormality because (1) the extent of the lesion can best be determined roentgenographically and (2) synchronous carcinomas are not rare. Colonoscopy has serious drawbacks that argue against its use in any large screening effort. It is quite expensive and time-consuming and generally requires patient hospitalization. Furthermore, because of difficulty passing the endoscope, the entire colon is visualized only about 85% of the time in normal patients. This figure is even smaller in the presence of colonic narrowing, either benign or malignant.
Cancer Pain: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Devi E. Nampiaparampil
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pancreatic Pseudocyst Observed on F-18 FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Brady Huang, Savita Puri
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 72-year-old man with right lower lobe squamous cell carcinoma of the lung—status, post resection—and prostate carcinoma was referred for restaging with whole-body PET using F-18 FDG. PET images, in addition to the presence of moderate hypermetabolic activity seen in the left lower paratracheal and bilateral hilar regions, revealed a large hypometabolic space-occupying lesion in the abdomen. The appearance of this lesion was highly suggestive of a pancreatic pseudocyst. Further review of a CT scan performed 3 years ago confirmed the presence of a pancreatic pseudocyst. However, this information was not available to the nuclear medicine physician at the time of the PET examination.
Cancer Patients Experience Acute, Long-Term Anxiety
Authors: J. A. Steele
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Cancer Patients Experience Acute, Long-Term Anxiety Get access Julie A. Steele Julie A. Steele Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 24, 19 December 1990, Page 1879, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.24.1879 Published: 19 December 1990
The Crusade Against Tuberculosis in St. Louis.
Authors: William Porter
Journal: JAMA (1904)

St. Louis, Dec. 1, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —St. Louis is keeping pace with other cities in this work. Following the presentation of the subject of the limitation of tuberculosis in the conference of charities last spring, a committee on organization was appointed resulting in the formation of the St. Louis Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis. The plan adopted was to make each branch as representative as possible and yet to some extent interdependent. The chairmen of the different special committees constitute the executive committee, which in turn is made the special committee on tuberculosis of the Civic League, which has over 3,000 members. In this way the society has the indorsement and sanction of the league without being limited in its work. The advisory committee consists of the president or manager of each large charity association, viz., the Provident Association, the Jewish Charities, the St. Vincent de Paul,
A Long-acting Local Anaesthetic Solution for the Relief of Pain after Thoracotomy
Authors: R. E. Loder
Journal: Thorax (1962)

<b>Aim:</b> To identify the presence, and origin, of any “dissociating factors” inherent to the techniques for evaluating progression that mask the relationship between structural and functional progression in open-angle glaucoma (OAG). <b>Methods:</b> 23 patients (14 with OAG and 9 with ocular hypertension (OHT)) who had received serial Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT II) and Humphrey Field Analyser (HFA) examinations for ⩾5 years (mean 78.4 months (SD 9.5), range 60–101 months) were identified. Evidence of progressive disease was retrospectively evaluated in one eye of each patient using the Topographic Change Analysis (TCA) and Glaucoma Progression Analysis (GPA) for the HRT II and HFA, respectively. <b>Results:</b> Six patients were stable by both techniques; four exhibited both structural and functional progression; seven exhibited structural progression, only, and six showed functional progression, only. Three types of dissociating factors were identified. TCA failed to identify progressive structural damage in the presence of advanced optic nerve head damage. GPA failed to identify progressive functional damage at stimulus locations, with sensitivities exhibiting test-retest variability beyond the maximum stimulus luminance of the perimeter, and where a perimetric learning effect was apparent. <b>Conclusion:</b> The three dissociating factors accounted for nine of the 13 patients who exhibited a lack of concordance between structural and functional progressive damage.
Head Injury in Hemophiliacs
Authors: John A. Penner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Though head injury in the hemophiliac patient usually can be managed satisfactorily with appropriate factor replacement, a recent experience would suggest that clinicians may not be sufficiently aggressive in the treatment of such cases. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 9-year-old boy with severe classical hemophilia (factor VIII less than 1%) was recently admitted to the University Medical Center; he was comatose, with dilation of the right pupil. A week previously he had struck his head falling from his bicycle, and roentgenograms showed a left parietal fracture. He received approximately 700 units factor VIII that day, and the same amount the following day. The child was asymptomatic and resumed his usual activities. On the morning of the day of admission, he became lethargic and his right pupil was dilated; EMI scan indicated a right temporal lesion, and an echogram showed a 6.5-mm shift to the left. Craniotomy on
Unbanked direct blood transfusions should be legal, say Indian surgeons
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Surgeons and health activists have called on the Indian government to make the practice of unbanked direct blood transfusion legal again to meet the needs of people living in rural areas.

The Association of Rural Surgeons of India, Jan Swasthya Sahyog (JSS), a non-governmental organisation serving in rural and tribal areas, and the Christian Coalition for Health in India say that unbanked direct blood transfusions (UDBTs) are vital in some parts of India. UDBT involves testing potential donors for blood type and screening the blood for infections and then transfusing directly to the patient without any banking or storage.

Raman Kataria, a doctor serving in rural Chhattisgarh, and a cofounder of JSS, told the BMJ , “This [unbanked direct blood transfusion] …
Predictive Value of the Index of Microcirculatory Resistance in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William F. Fearon, Maulik Shah, Martin Ng, Todd Brinton, Andrew Wilson, Jennifer A. Tremmel, Ingela Schnittger, David P. Lee, Randall H. Vagelos, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Paul G. Yock, Alan C. Yeung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Postsurgical Adjuvant Tumor Therapy by Combining Anti-Angiopoietin-2 and Metronomic Chemotherapy Limits Metastatic Growth
Authors: Kshitij Srivastava, Junhao Hu, Claudia Korn, Soniya Savant, Martin Teichert, Stephanie S. Kapel, Manfred Jugold, Eva Besemfelder, Markus Thomas, Manolis Pasparakis, Hellmut G. Augustin
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Platelet-rich plasma for chronic achilles tendinopathy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial with one year follow-up
Authors: S de Jonge, R J de Vos, A Weir, H T M van Schie, S M A Bierma-Zeinstra, J A N Verhaar, H Weinans, J L Tol
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Introduction Chronic Achilles tendinopathy occurs frequently and is very hard to treat. The disease involves local degeneration of tendon tissue, of which regeneration may be improved by injecting platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an increasingly used therapy for releasing growth factors into degenerative tendon. However, high-quality randomised clinical trials on this topic are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a PRP injection in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Methods In this stratified, block randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at single center 54 patients aged 18–70 years were randomised in two treatment groups. Next to an eccentric training program the patients received a blinded injection containing either PRP group or saline (placebo group). Primary outcome, the objective and validated Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) score, was assessed and ultrasound examination was performed at baseline and all follow-up appointments. Results After randomisation into the PRP group (n=27) and the placebo group (n=27) there was a complete follow-up. After one year, the mean VISA-A score improved in both the PRP-group and the placebo group. There was no significant difference in increase between both groups (adjusted between-group difference, 5.5; 95% CI, −4.9 to 15.8, p=0.292). Ultrasonographic tendon structure improved significantly in both groups, but not significant different between both groups (adjusted between-group difference, 1.2 %, 95% CI, −4.1 to 6.6, p=0.647) Conclusion One-year follow-up analysis of the world’s first randomised controlled trial showed no evidence for the use of platelet-rich plasma injection in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. These findings are in line with our 6 months results (De Vos et al JAMA 2010).
ERCC1 Measurements in Clinical Oncology
Authors: Eddie Reed
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Clinical oncology has struggled for decades with the predicament of the toxicity of chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant disease. For example, cisplatin and its analogues, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, are commonly used anticancer agents, but they are particularly toxic. Moreover, some patients benefit substantially from treatment with these drugs, whereas others suffer the toxic effects of the drugs without obtaining real benefit. The use of molecular markers to help identify who may benefit and who may not is one of the most exciting new areas of study in oncology.The randomized International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial (IALT) found a modest . . .
Endothelium-dependent relaxation is independent of arachidonic acid release.
Authors: P G Milner, N J Izzo, J Saye, A L Loeb, R A Johns, M J Peach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Endothelium-dependent relaxation is mediated by the release from vascular endothelium of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). It is not clear what role arachidonic acid has in this process. Inhibition of phospholipase A2, and diacylglycerol lipase in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells caused a marked reduction in agonist-induced arachidonic acid release from membrane phospholipid pools, and complete inhibition of prostacyclin production. EDRF release, assayed by measuring endothelium-dependent cGMP changes in mixed endothelial-smooth muscle cell cultures, was not inhibited under these conditions. In fact, EDRF release in response to two agonists, melittin and ATP, was actually increased in cells treated with phospholipase A2 inhibitors. In addition, pretreatment of rats with high-dose dexamethasone, an inhibitor of PLA2, did not attenuate endothelium-dependent relaxation in intact aortic rings removed from the animals, or depressor responses in anesthetized animals induced by endothelium-dependent vasodilators. In summary, inhibition of arachidonic acid release from membrane phospholipid pools does not attenuate endothelium-dependent relaxation in rats, or the release and/or response to EDRF in cultured cells.
Severe Pseudomembranous and Ulcerative Colitis During Gold Therapy
Authors: W.H. Reinhart, M. Kappeler, F. Halter
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

A case of severe pseudomembranous and ulcerative colitis is described in a 58-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving sodium aurothiomalate. Watery diarrhea occurred after the fourth injection (total amount 130 mg). Several months elapsed prior to full recovery after discontinuation of gold administration.
The Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Myocardial Energetics in Patients With Heart Failure and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Ian G. Burwash, Judith A. Leech, Haissam Haddad, Chris B. Johnson, Robert A. deKemp, Linda Garrard, Li Chen, Kathryn Williams, Jean N. DaSilva, Rob S.B. Beanlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Timing of simvastatin treatment: Trial is not reported according to CONSORT guidelines
Authors: M. Calvert
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The paper by Wallace et al on the timing of administering simvastatin is interesting but flawed because of assessing cholesterol concentrations at one time point and the relation of this time point to time of drug dosing and diurnal variations in cholesterol concentration.1 2 This difficulty is compounded by the fact that, contrary to the BMJ 's own advice to contributors, this trial is …
Akt Stimulates Hepatic SREBP1c and Lipogenesis through Parallel mTORC1-Dependent and Independent Pathways
Authors: Jessica L. Yecies, Hui H. Zhang, Suchithra Menon, Sihao Liu, Derek Yecies, Alex I. Lipovsky, Cem Gorgun, David J. Kwiatkowski, Gökhan S. Hotamisligil, Chih-Hao Lee, Brendan D. Manning
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Physiologic changes during growth and development.
Authors: E J O'Flaherty
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

To express growth-related changes in physiologic or other functions in forms usable for kinetic modeling, we are interested in identifying regular relationships that take the form of simple mathematical expressions. Many anatomic and physiologic functions scale within or across species in accordance with the allometric relationship, y = axb. These include many organ weights, the glomerular filtration rate, respiration rate, oxygen consumption, or basal metabolic rate. The allometric lines may display discontinuities in slope associated with critical growth periods such as transitions from one growth phase to another. On the other hand, many other kinetically important processes depend on the physiocochemical characteristics of the agent and of the sites in the body with which it interacts. Their rates of development are determined by the age-dependence of these physiocochemical characteristics and of their interactions. Examples of different types of age-dependence are given, and their combined impact on the age-dependence of lead-kinetic behavior is examined.
Abstract 4031: Elevated expression of microRNAs in pancreatic carcinomas is correlated with poor prognosis
Authors: Thomas Greither, Philipp Grochola, Andrej Udelnow, Christine Lautenschläger, Alexander W. Eckert, Peter Würl, Helge W. Taubert
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the eighth most common cancer and has an overall 5-year survival rate lower than 10 %. Due to their ability to regulate gene expression, microRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumour-suppressor genes and so have garnered interest as possible prognostic and therapeutic markers during the last decade. However, the prognostic value of microRNA expression in pancreatic cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. We measured the levels of miR-155, miR-203, miR-210, miR-216, miR-217 and miR-222 by quantitative RT-PCR in a cohort of 56 microdissected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). These microRNAs were chosen as they had previously been shown to be differentially expressed in pancreatic tumours compared to normal tissues. The possible association of microRNA expression and patients’ survival was examined using multivariate Cox's regression hazard analyses. Interestingly, significant correlations between elevated microRNA expression and overall survival were observed for miR-155 (RR = 2.50; p = 0.005), miR-203 (RR = 2.21; p = 0.017), miR-210 (RR = 2.48; p = 0.005) and miR-222 (RR = 2.05; p = 0.035). Furthermore, tumours from patients demonstrating elevated expression levels of all four microRNAs possessed a 6.2-fold increased risk of tumour-related death compared to patients whose tumours showed a lower expression of these microRNAs. This study provides the first evidence for an oncogenic activity of miR-155, miR-203, miR-210 and miR-222 in the development of pancreatic cancer as has been reported for other tumour types. Furthermore, the putative target genes for these microRNAs suggest a complex signalling network that can affect PDAC tumourigenesis and tumour progression. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4031.
Correction of tye C atrioventricular canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot.
Authors: P Bastos, M De Leval, F Macartney, J Stark
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Type C complete atrioventricular canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot in a 5-year old child was successfully corrected. Repair of the atrioventricular canal was combined with infundibular resection and the insertion of an outflow tract patch across the pulmonary valve ring. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the child is well one year after operation.
New guidelines on preventing heart disease in women propose aspirin for all aged over 65
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

New guidelines issued this week by the American Heart Association on the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women propose replacing the Framingham risk assessment method and adopting more aggressive preventive treatment of women who are currently considered at low risk.

The guidelines, which were published online on 19 February in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation (http://circ.ahajournals.org, doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.181546), could lead to millions of women taking up low dose aspirin treatment. For the first time, the American Heart Association recommends considering low dose aspirin treatment in all women aged over 65 years, even those not classified as being at high risk.

The Framingham risk function, derived from data gathered over two generations in the Massachusetts town of that name, has …
Blood Pressure Reduction and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Peter Rudd
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Alderman and coworkers 1 document a dramatically lower rate of morbid and fatal events among ambulatory hypertensives who moderately reduce their diastolic blood pressure compared with those with small or large reductions. Their conclusions from this prospective study among a relatively high-risk population are robust over a range of stratifications by sociodemographic and risk factor categories. The authors suggest no clear pattern related to specific antihypertensive regimens, but the vast majority of subjects received hydrochlorothiazide or propranolol, alone or in combination.  Citing many of the same confirmatory studies, Berglund 2 has summarized eight reports from 1978 through 1987 consistent with the conclusion that moderate diastolic blood pressure reduction is superior to either extreme. None of these reports, however, acknowledges the potential confounding influence of medication compliance, presumably because of the many difficulties in measuring it accurately, unobtrusively, and prospectively. 3   Partial compliance with prescribed medication, especially
A COLLAPSIBLE HAMMER COMBINING AN ALGESIMETER AND MEASURES TO DETERMINE TACTILE SENSATION, TWO POINT TEST AND SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES
Authors: Byron Stookey
Journal: JAMA (1922)

A reflex hammer, combined in one instrument with appliances for the more usual neurologic examination and yet sufficiently compact so as not to be bulky, has been found so useful that a description of it is offered. The hammer is collapsible and can be carried in one's waistcoat pocket. It is well balanced so as to permit delicate gradations essential to proper determination of the reflexes, and includes measures for testing tactile sensation, pain, the two point test and the superficial reflexes, such as the abdominal, cremasteric and Babinski. The principle of the algesimeter of Casamajor and Strong, namely, a piece of flexible spring steel mounted with a pin, is adopted, permitting stimuli of any desired strength to be used. Only by the use of stimuli of like strength can accurate comparative examinations be made. Unscrewing<i>A</i>at 2 and lowering<i>B</i>exposes the needle,<i>F</i>(Fig. 3). When pressure
Arithmetic and old lace
Authors: Jeffrey Foss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Geary's project faces the severe methodological difficulty of tracing the biological effects of gender on mathematical ability in a system that is massively open. Two methodological stratagems he uses are considered. The first is that pancultural sex differences are biological in nature, which is dubious in the domain of mathematics, since it is completely culture-bound. The second is that sociosexual differences are partly caused by biosexual differences, which renders his thesis unfalsifiable and empirically empty.
Another Deathtrap for Young Children
Authors: John B. Blalock
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Victims of a tragic household accident have come under our care with sufficient frequency in recent years to deserve the special attention of the medical profession as well as the laity. Comparable to the "abandoned icebox" and the "plastic suitbag" accidents, these tragedies have resulted in severe, often fatal, burns to small children. The circumstances of four instances involving five children were virtually identical. In each case the children were playing unattended in the utility room of their homes, in which there was a gas water heater and a container of gasoline for use in a power lawn mower. The children were engulfed in flames when they overturned the container of gasoline, which soon ignited from the water heater. One boy, aged 2, on Sept 10, 1959, suffered 45% surface burns involving all extremities and the anterior and posterior aspects of the mid-torso. He was hospitalized initially