tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conference Report: Nuclear war: preventable or inevitable?
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Smith reports at length on the fourth meeting of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, held in Helsinki in 1984 and attended by 450 doctors from 53 countries. Among the topics addressed by the delegates were the preventability of nuclear war, the threat of nuclear winter, the expenditure on atomic weapons of funds that could be used for health programs, the effects on children of the threat of nuclear conflict, and the danger of accidental nuclear war. The meeting concluded with a letter sent from the conference to the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union.
Beneficial Effects of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibition on Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sebastian J. Buss, Sebastian Muenz, Johannes H. Riffel, Pratima Malekar, Marco Hagenmueller, Celine S. Weiss, Florian Bea, Raffi Bekeredjian, Martina Schinke-Braun, Seigo Izumo, Hugo A. Katus, Stefan E. Hardt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Editorial: Skinning the cat
Authors: M. L. Nusynowitz
Journal: JAMA (1975)

It is generally accepted that acromegalic patients with significant tumor extension require open surgical hypophysectomy to alleviate local pressure effects on extrasellar structures. Since the majority of acromegalics do not have this condition, a variety of "closed" therapeutic modalities have been developed in recent years to directly obliterate the intrasellar adenoma. Among these are supervoltage teletherapeutic irradiation (cobalt 60, Van de Graaff generator), external heavy particle irradiation, brachytherapy with implantation of radioactive isotopes (yttrium 90, gold 198), radiofrequency or ultrasonic ablation, transsphenoidal cryosurgery, and transsphenoidal microsurgical techniques. Aloia et al<sup>1</sup>have outlined the characteristics of the ideal form of therapy for acromegaly: (1) morbidity and mortality less than that of the untreated disease (which is more than twice that expected in the general population), (2) elimination of factors responsible for morbidity and mortality, (3) correction of hypersomatotropism without induction of hypopituitarism, (4) prevention of extrasellar extension, and (5) an
Short-term adverse effects of antibiotic prophylaxis for open-heart surgery.
Authors: R Freeman
Journal: Thorax (1980)

A study was made of the incidence of postoperative endocarditis and of septicaemia in early convalescence in 814 consecutive patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The results were related to the prophylactic antibiotic given to "cover" the operation. A subgroup of 150 patients was studied more intensively and the bacterial flora of the tracheal aspirates and catheter tips from these patients have been related to the antibiotics used. The results demonstrate that the use of a narrow spectrum agent (flucloxacillin) is associated with a modest change in bacterial flora at the two sites sampled, but that much more pronounced shifts in flora are found with a more broad spectrum agent (cephradine). The changes in flora have been related to the incidence of septicaemia in early convalescence, which was higher (7.7%) in the cephradine group than in the flucloxacillin group (0.9%). Since the overall incidence of prosthetic infection using flucloxacillin was acceptably low (0.49% of perfusions; 0.56% of valve insertions), it is concluded that narrow spectrum prophylaxis offers the better overall choice, at least until more objective comparisons are made.
Dyslipidaemia and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: R D SITUNAYAKE, G KITAS
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

In this issue of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , Munro and colleagues1 report a comparative study of intramuscular gold and hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They demonstrate a beneficial effect of hydroxychloroquine on lipid profiles compared with gold and suggest that hydroxychloroquine might be considered for RA patients at adverse cardiovascular risk.

Should rheumatologists be interested in their patients’ cardiovascular and lipid status? The answer to this question is an unqualified ‘yes’. Several studies suggest that cardiovascular diseases account for about half of all deaths in RA.2 Cardiovascular deaths are more pronounced in the younger age group (<55 years), and may contribute to the substantial reduction in life expectancy, with estimates of standardised mortality ratios ranging from 1.1 to 3.3 

We previously suggested that cardiovascular disease in RA may result from accelerated atherosclerosis caused by clinical or subclinical vasculitis.4 The main determinants of cardiovascular risk in the general population, however, are the concentrations of serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In men who are middle aged or over, a ratio of total to HDL cholesterol over 5 associates with increased risk of a first myocardial infarction.5 Oxidative modification of LDL may also be important and it is of interest that oxidised LDL has been noted in RA synovial biopsy specimens.6 Products of LDL oxidation may be recognised …
A piece of my mind. Primary caring
Authors: Sr. Fuller LE
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE IODINE CONTENT OF HUMAN BLOOD
Authors: GEORGE M. CURTIS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

That a relation exists between the activity of the thyroid gland and the metabolism of iodine is undeniable. The thyroid hormone has a high iodine content. It is now established that iodine is a constant constituent of human blood. There is also a constant daily excretion of iodine in the urine. The level of the blood iodine varies, likewise the amount lost daily in the urine. There is a pregnant significance to these newer facts as applied to the problem of disease of the thyroid. The nature of this relationship between goiter and iodine has been further clarified during the past decade. A part of this has resulted from studies made on the effects of iodinization. More has been learned subsequent to the development and application of more accurate micromethods for the determination of minute amounts of iodine. After extensive investigation it has become apparent that the level of the
Twelve month comparison of salmeterol and salbutamol as dry powder formulations in asthmatic patients. European Study Group.
Authors: B Lundback, D W Rawlinson, J B Palmer
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND: Salmeterol is a potent selective beta 2 agonist that has been shown to have a duration of action in excess of 12 hours. In this study salmeterol and salbutamol were compared over a three month period with a further extension of nine months. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty eight patients with mild to moderate reversible airways obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) &gt; 50% predicted) were randomised to receive salmeterol (50 micrograms) twice daily or salbutamol (400 micrograms) four times daily, both by dry powder, in a double blind parallel group study. During the first three months detailed assessment of efficacy was made with recording of morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEF), asthma symptoms, and bronchodilator use when necessary for the relief of symptoms. Patients continued in the study for a further nine months with the salbutamol dose reduced to 400 micrograms twice daily. Lung function was measured at the clinic and safety data were collected during this period. RESULTS: Salmeterol produced a significantly higher mean morning PEF (mean difference compared with salbutamol 21 (95% CI 12-31) l/min), and a significant reduction in mean diurnal variation in PEF (from 30 l/min at baseline to 11 34 l/min at baseline to 32 l/min during salbutamol treatment). Salmeterol also reduced day and night symptoms and use of rescue bronchodilator. FEV1 increased with both salmeterol and salbutamol treatment over the 12 month treatment period. For both treatments the number of patients reporting exacerbations of asthma and the frequency of these exacerbations remained constant during the study. Thirty six patients in the salmeterol and 49 in the salbutamol group withdrew during the 12 months of the study. CONCLUSIONS: In this study salmeterol (50 micrograms twice daily) was more effective than salbutamol (400 micrograms four times daily) in the control of asthma over three months, and more effective than salbutamol (400 micrograms twice daily) over a further nine months. Neither salmeterol nor salbutamol was associated with any worsening of control of asthma.
Influence of Race on Death and Ischemic Complications in Patients With Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Despite Modern, Protocol-Guided Treatment
Authors: Marc S. Sabatine, Gavin J. Blake, Mark H. Drazner, David A. Morrow, Benjamin M. Scirica, Sabina A. Murphy, Carolyn H. McCabe, William S. Weintraub, C. Michael Gibson, Christopher P. Cannon
Journal: Circulation (2005)

In the setting of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), nonwhite patients are less likely to undergo invasive cardiac procedures and may have worse clinical outcomes than white patients. Whether the disparate outcomes exist independently of potential biases in treatment patterns remains unclear.We examined the association between race and outcome in the Treat Angina with Aggrastat and Determine Cost of Therapy With an Invasive or Conservative Strategy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 18 study (TACTICS-TIMI 18), a randomized trial of invasive versus conservative treatment strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation ACS. There were 1722 white and 461 nonwhite patients. After adjustment for differences in medical characteristics, nonwhite patients were at significantly increased risk for death, MI, or rehospitalization for ACS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; P=0.003). Rates of protocol-guided angiography and revascularization were similar in both groups. For non-protocol-guided care, however, we found significant disparities, with nonwhite patients less likely to be taking their cardiac medications at follow-up (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; P=0.0002), to undergo non-protocol-mandated angiography (OR, 0.40; P=0.03), to receive a stent if undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 0.55; P=0.045), and to have less procedural success after percutaneous coronary intervention (acute gain, 1.40+/-0.83 versus 1.81+/-0.92 mm; P=0.004). Nonetheless, an invasive strategy was similarly efficacious in white (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.88) and nonwhite (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.39) patients (P(interaction)=0.52), especially in those with troponin elevation or ST deviation.After adjustment for baseline characteristics, nonwhite patients had a significantly worse prognosis than white patients, regardless of treatment approach. In the absence of protocol guidance, important disparities emerged between the care given the 2 groups. An early invasive strategy is beneficial in and should be considered for all patients, regardless of race.
Hepatitis B Prevalence in an Unregistered Prenatal Population
Authors: Neil S. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To evaluate the risk and associated cofactors for hepatitis B infection in inner-city pregnant women not registered for prenatal care.Fifteen-month survey of 208 patients not registered for prenatal care, compared with 1555 women registered for prenatal care during the same period.An urban university hospital prenatal clinic and labor unit.Unregistered patients had a significantly higher rate of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity than patients who had registered with the clinic (6.7% vs 0.8%; P less than .0001). Unregistered patients with positive results of urine drug screening (46%) had a relative risk for seropositivity of 29.2%, compared with registered patients who did not have histories of illicit drug use (95% confidence interval, 25.9% to 32.4%), while registered patients with past histories of drug use had a relative risk of 6.7%, compared with the reference group that did not have histories of drug use (95% confidence interval, 1.8% to 24.0%).Among inner-city pregnant women not registered for prenatal care, a positive result of urine drug screening is a rapidly available marker for increased risk of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity. Infants born to unregistered women with positive results of urine drug screening before maternal hepatitis B surface antigen results are available may warrant empiric initiation of hepatitis B virus-specific prophylaxis.
Imiquimod 5% cream monotherapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Girish K. Patel, Richard Goodwin, Maureen Chawla, Peter Laidler, Patricia E. Price, Andrew Y. Finlay, Richard J. Motley
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
THE NATURE OF TRAUMATIC SCLEROSIS.
Authors: ARTHUR CONKLIN BRUSH
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Though most of the confusion which once surrounded the results of trauma to the nervous system has been dispelled, so that we are able to recognize definitely most of the functional and organic diseases for which trauma is a competent producing cause, the nature of the condition in question is still open to investigation. The questions at issue at the present time seem to be, is this pathologic entity with an organic basis, is it only a grave type of hystero-neurasthenia, is it a distinct functional neurosis, or is it a type of true multiple sclerosis? The evidence on which rests the claim for an organic basis for this condition dates back to the findings of Westphal, who, in 1878, described disseminated foci of sclerosis in the cerebrospinal axis as a result of trauma. Bramwell also described these lesions as secondary to minute hemorrhages. Sterling Kranthal, Dumenil, Petit and
Group B Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Meningitis in Mother and Infant
Authors: James Grossman, Richard L. Tompkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

LANCEFIELD Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus is the most common gram-positive bacterium for neonatal meningitis and sepsis.1 It is rarely associated with severe adult infections.2 3 4 In the mother and newborn infant described below, meningitis due to the organism developed in the postnatal period.Case ReportA 30-year-old gravida 1 gave birth to a 3475-g male infant at term on October 10, 1972. The labor and delivery period were uneventful. Physical examinations at birth and at eight hours of age gave normal results. At 18 hours of age the infant began vomiting, and by 24 hours was noted to be irritable. Seizure . . .
Beta blockers after myocardial infarction: have trials changed practice?
Authors: N S Baber, D G Julian, J A Lewis, G Rose
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A survey of British consultant cardiologists was carried out to elicit their current practices when prescribing long term beta blockers after myocardial infarction. Sixty (72%) of the respondents reported that they used beta blockers prophylactically even in the absence of any other indications; the details of their stated policies, however, varied considerably. The favourable evidence of clinical trials in this indication appears to have been assimilated into hospital practice.
Effect of intraduodenal magnesium sulphate on pancreas and gallbladder of man.
Authors: J H Saunders, B Thjodleifsson, K G Wormsley
Journal: Gut (1976)

Magnesium sulphate has previously been used as a purgative in a test involving the measurement of the faecal excretion of pancreatic enzymes. In order to validate the use of magnesium sulphate for this purpose, in 18 individuals the pancreatic and biliary response to intravenous infusion of secretin (1 CU/kg-h) plus CCK(1IU/kg-h) were compared with the responses to one of three dose-rates of magnesium sulphate infused into the duodenum. The effect of magnesium sulhphate was also studied during the coincident intravenous administration of the hormones. Intraduodenal magnesium sulphate did not stimulate the secretion of bicarbonate into the duodenum but did evoke the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and discharge of bile. The pancreatic response to the exogenous hormones was not altered by coincident intraduodenal infusion of magnesium sulphate. We conclude that magnesium sulphate is a satisfactory purgative for speeding the intestinal transit of pancreatic enzymes.
Miss, Mister, Doctor: Puzzling titles
Authors: Asma Khalil, Pat O'Brien
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

How we are titled is of little consequence I found the editorial (April 2006 JRSM 1 ) on how we are titled most interesting.This is a continuation of the debate that the dental profession has been having for many years, fuelled by both an influx of overseas graduates styling themselves as 'Doctor', and by the development of the role of dentists from 'toothwrights' to practitioners with a more holistic approach encompassing the oral health and wellbeing of those in their care.However all of us, physicians, surgeons, general practitioners and dentists have one thing in commonpatients.But that may be about to change.The same week as the editorial appeared, the chief executive of the Sussex Partnership NHS Trust ordered staff not to refer to people receiving medical care as patients but as clients.This not only demonstrates a misunderstanding of our roles but also devalues both practitioners and those that we care for.Patients are not simply clients or users of health services.Patients are those receiving care, who are given time, are listened to and treated with sympathy, understanding and expertise.There is something special about the term patient, and although to give a precise dictionary definition is difficult, it is well understood by those who deliver the care.How we are titled may well, as the editorial states, be of little consequence; far more important is how we refer to, and perceive, those in our care.
The Queensland Melanoma Project.
Authors: D W Hedley
Journal: BMJ (1979)

breast milk, fruit, and vegetables; a far cry from the stereotype of the starchy low-protein diet.)This example of three children consum- ing essentially the same foods, but developing clinical signs which span the whole range of marasmus-kwashiorkor, will encourage those workers who look for factors other than specific dietary deficiencies to account for the different types of protein-energy malnutrition.
Sulphasalazine induced hepatitis in adult Still's disease.
Authors: J Crowley, R D Situnayake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Water pressures between approximately 500 and 1,200 bars during differentiation and crystallization of source magmas for 6 Tertiary rhyolitic ash-flow sheets from southern Nevada are indicated by plots of 82 chemical analyses in the experimentally determined system NaAlSi <sub>3</sub> O <sub>8</sub> -KAlSi <sub>3</sub> O <sub>8</sub> -SiO <sub>2</sub> -H <sub>2</sub> O. These pressures are considerably lower than most previously estimated for rhyolitic magmas. The water pressures also provide some basis for estimating water content, temperature, and depth of the magmas during differentiation and crystallization.
Pathologic clonal cytotoxic T-cell responses: nonrandom nature of the T-cell–receptor restriction in large granular lymphocyte leukemia
Authors: Marcin W. Wlodarski, Christine O'Keefe, Evan C. Howe, Antonio M. Risitano, Alexander Rodriguez, Ilka Warshawsky, Thomas P. Loughran, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2005)
A STUDY OF THE INOCULATION THEORY OF MALARIAL FEVER.
Authors: ALBERT WOLDERT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

At the outset of the discussion regarding the inoculation theory of malarial fever through the agency of the mosquito, it seems best to spend a passing word in giving credit to those who have labored to bring about a revolution of ideas in regard to the etiology of this disease. The man who principally formulated the theory that the mosquito acted as the intermediate host in the life history of the malarial parasite was Patrick Manson, of England. Manson, in a measure, followed the views of Lancisi, of Italy, and of Laveran, of France, in that the malarial parasite through the mosquito first passed into water, and in that way was ingested by man. But Manson did not prove this theory. Ronald Ross, of England, caught the inspiration from Manson, and in India, after months of toil, proved by observation and confirmed by experiments on birds that the mosquito really
Inhibition of murine nephritogenic effector T cells by a clone-specific suppressor factor.
Authors: C M Meyers, C J Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We have used a murine model of organ-specific autoimmunity to characterize therapeutic modalities capable of down-regulating the cellular limb of the autoimmune response. Murine interstitial nephritis is an autoimmune disease mediated by tubular antigen-specific CD8+ nephritogenic effector T cells which are delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactive and cytotoxic to renal epithelial cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that disease can be suppressed with experimentally induced populations of T cells (Ts1 and Ts2 cells) obtained after injection of tubular antigen-coupled splenocytes into syngeneic mice. As the target of Ts2 is the CD8+ effector T cell, we have evaluated its effects on nephritogenic effector T cell clones isolated from diseased animals. Our studies demonstrate that soluble proteins expressed by Ts2 cells (TsF2) specifically abrogate the DTH, cytotoxic, and nephritogenic potential of M52 cells, although T cell receptor and IL-2 receptor expression are unchanged in these unresponsive M52 clones. TsF2-induced inhibition is dependent on new mRNA and protein synthesis. In a cytotoxic clone, M52.26, exposure to TsF2 induces expression of TGF-beta 1 which is, in turn, required for inhibition of cytotoxicity and nephritogenicity. Our studies are consistent with TGF-beta 1 behaving, at least in some T cells, as a nonspecific final effector of clone-specific suppression.