tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5519: Prevalence of three types of cancers in southern part of Nigeria
Authors: Chinelo Jacinta Nwosu, Njwen Anyangwe
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract There is an increase in the incidence of various cancers globally. It is estimated that ten (10) million new cases of cancers are diagnosed every year and fifty (50%) of this figure is from developing countries. As death toll from infectious diseases decline globally, cancer is becoming the most potent cause of death led by heart and cardiac diseases. This study was carried out to establish the prevalence of three common cancers that affect mainly women using the Southern parts of Nigeria as a case study. Three age groups of women were used for this study: those below forty (40) years, those between forty (40) and sixty (60) years and those from sixty one (61) and above. The review checked major government owned hospital records from 2006 to 2011 and the results are presented. It was observed that 15% of women from 61 years and above suffered from breast cancer within the period under review. About fifty five (55) % of breast cancer cases occurred in women of age forty (40) years and below while thirty (30) % of cases occurred in the age group forty (40) and sixty (60) years. About four (4) % of breast cancer cases occurred in men. Cervical cancer was more prevalent in women between ages 40-60 years followed by those in age group 61and above. The percentage of women who were diagnosed of cervical cancer in the age group 40-60 years was 37%, percentage of those in age bracket of forty (40) years and below was 16% and those in the age bracket of sixty one (61) years and above that suffered from cervical cancer were 22%. The prevalence of uterine cancer within the period under review was about nine (9) % and distributed in these order; age group forty (40) years and below was 2%, 40-60 years, 3% and 61 years and above was 4%. Thus the study shows that breast cancer was more prevalent in women of 40 years and below, cervical cancer was more prevalent in women of 40 years and above while uterine cancer was low in all age groups. Studies have shown that incidence of breast cancer is rising more in populations that hitherto enjoyed a low incidence rate like many parts of Africa. However there is significant under reporting of diagnosed cancer cases as well late reporting of cancer cases as a result of illiteracy. It was suggested that increase in cancer occurrences in the Southern part of Nigeria is largely due to lack of adequate education and awareness on early detection, and life style of patients. Early detection and treatment have been proven to be effective against cancer proliferation and helps in a better prognosis for patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5519. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5519
CPAP and Low Oxygen Saturation for Very Preterm Babies?
Authors: Colin J. Morley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The survival rate among extremely preterm babies — those born at 24 to 27 weeks of gestation — is about 75%, and there is a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems. Reducing the rates of complications and death among these infants is a key research area. Traditionally, extremely preterm babies have been treated with intubation and ventilation soon after birth. However, these interventions may contribute to lung injury. Many infants breathe adequately but not normally at birth, and some can be assisted with the less invasive strategy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and receive ventilation and surfactant only if . . .
Acute Pancreatitis — Another Piece of the Puzzle?
Authors: Howard A. Reber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Recent decades have added little to our knowledge of the causes of pancreatitis.1 In the United States, cholelithiasis and chronic alcoholism together account for about 80 percent of cases. About 5 to 10 percent of cases are caused by diverse factors, such as hyperlipidemia, ductal obstruction, viral infection, various drugs, hypercalcemia, and impaired pancreatic perfusion. Rarely, other causes are recognized, but the remaining 10 to 15 percent of cases are still labeled "idiopathic." Even when the cause is known, the precise mechanisms by which each of these factors initiates the autodigestive process in the pancreas remain obscure.Much of what . . .
Disease characteristics and clinical outcome in young adults with essential thrombocythemia versus early/prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Tiziano Barbui, Jürgen Thiele, Alessandra Carobbio, Francesco Passamonti, Elisa Rumi, Maria Luigia Randi, Irene Bertozzi, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Heinz Gisslinger, Bettina Gisslinger, Guido Finazzi, Marco Ruggeri, Francesco Rodeghiero, Alessandro Rambaldi, Naseema Gangat, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Blood (2012)
995 INTERIM RESULTS FROM HCV SPRINT-1: RVR/EVR FROM PHASE 2 STUDY OF BOCEPREVIR PLUS PEGINTRONTM (PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B)/RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE SUBJECTS WITH GENOTYPE-1 CHC
Authors: P. Kwo, E. Lawitz, J. McCone, E. Schiff, J. Vierling, D. Pound, M. Davis, J. Galati, S. Gordon, N. Ravendhran, L. Rossaro, F. Anderson, I. Jacobson, R. Rubin, P. Mukhopadhyay, E. Chaudhri, L. Pedicone, J. Albrecht
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Diagnostic Decision
Authors: ANTHONY L. KOMAROFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

In caring for women with acute dysuria, clinicians traditionally have relied on clinical findings to distinguish between acute pyelonephritis and "cystitis"; they have ordered urinalysis and urine culture regularly for patients with suspected acute pyelonephritis and ordered these tests inconsistently for patients with suspected "cystitis." Recent evidence indicates that "cystitis" may actually be any of six different clinical conditions, each of which is managed differently; subclinical pyelonephritis, lower urinary tract bacterial infection, chlamydial urethritis, other forms of urethritis, vaginitis, or dysuria without any urinary tract or vaginal infection. The distinction between these entities is made primarily from clinical findings. Urinalysis is also of great value in symptomatic patients; the presence of pyuria (and possibly indirect quantitation of pyuria by the leukocyte esterase test) is a reliable indicator of treatable infection, and its absence indicates infection is not present. In contrast, urine culture is of clear value only in patients with acute pyelonephritis or subclinical pyelonephritis.
Treating Water With Chlorine Does Not Reduce Diarrhea Cases
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Treating water with chlorine tablets had no effect on reducing cases of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years in a state in southeast India, report investigators from the United Kingdom and India (Boisson S et al. PLoS Med. 2013;10[8]:e1001497).
Modulation of the immune-related gene responses to protect mice against Japanese encephalitis virus using the antimicrobial peptide, tilapia hepcidin 1-5
Authors: Han-Ning Huang, Venugopal Rajanbabu, Chieh-Yu Pan, Yi-Lin Chan, Cho-Fat Hui, Jyh-Yih Chen, Chang-Jer Wu
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Hemocholecyst
Authors: Gabriel Angres
Journal: JAMA (1974)

HEMOBILIA is an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, but one that is readily diagnosed by hepatic angiography. Of the 500 reported cases, bleeding originated from the gallbladder (hemocholecyst) in 13%, and usually resulted from erosion of the cystic artery in conjunction with cholelithiasis.<sup>1</sup>Following is a report of hemocholecyst diagnosed preoperatively by angiography. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 64-year-old white man was first seen at Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center with signs and symptoms suggesting diverticulitis of the colon. Roentgenograms identified a large, laminated calculus in the projection of the gallbladder and a reflex ileus pattern. On the 13th hospital day, an enema with barium sulfate (Fig 1) showed a paracolic mass on the right, which was found at laparotomy to be an infected hematoma. The patient did well and was discharged; his condition was diagnosed as retroperitoneal abscess caused by a perforated colonic diverticulum. The patient was
Patient-reported outcomes for psoriasis patients with clear versus almost clear skin in the clinical setting
Authors: Junko Takeshita, Kristina Callis Duffin, Daniel B. Shin, Gerald G. Krueger, Andrew D. Robertson, Andrea B. Troxel, Abby S. Van Voorhees, Joel M. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Selecting tomorrow's doctors--not a level playing field
Authors: L. Stephenson, T. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Figures from the UK Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) show that, from 2002 to 2008, medical students were between 4.5 and 7.2 times (depending on the year) as likely to come from the wealthier socioeconomic groups 1 to 3 as from groups 4 to 7. (However, up to 25% of successful applicants don’t declare their social background on their UCAS form.) Selection to a medical course should not depend on the applicants’ financial status. However, with “grade inflation” at A level, choosing between applicants often involves other criteria that may depend on ability to pay. The selection process for many medical courses may favour applicants who undertake activities outside those paid for by the state education system, and some such activities are a mandatory requirement.

The hidden, upfront cost of a medical school application may include the following (2008-9 prices). Many medical schools require applicants to sit the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) or the Biomedical Admissions Test (BMAT) in addition to A level examinations. These cost £60 (€70; $96) and £32.10 respectively. Bursaries are available for poorer students to cover the cost of UKCAT. This year 2000 bursaries were distributed among 23 000 students who took the test …
A MUCOPROTEIN DERIVED FROM HUMAN URINE WHICH REACTS WITH INFLUENZA, MUMPS, AND NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUSES
Authors: Igor Tamm, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

A mucoprotein, present in normal human urine, has been isolated and obtained in a state of a high degree of purity. A number of the biological, chemical, and physicochemical properties of the substance have been studied. From the results obtained in the present investigation and those reported in succeeding papers (34, 35) it appears that the mucoprotein has a high molecular weight, i.e., of the order of 7.0 x 10(6), consists of thread-like molecules which have axial ratios of approximately 100, and is specifically antigenic. This substance, which appears to be free of contaminating material, possesses in extraordinary degree the capacity to react with influenza, mumps, and Newcastle disease viruses. At equilibrium, with influenza virus, the minimal amount of the substance capable of giving a demonstrable reaction with one hemagglutinating unit of virus appears to be about 0.0003 microg. The mucoprotein is altered by preparations of influenza viruses and its capacity to react with these agents or others is lost. The kinetics of the inactivation process brought about by influenza viruses is in accord with those of well known enzyme-substrate systems. With the exception of the capacity to react with viruses, altered mucoprotein did not differ from the native substance relative to any of the properties examined in the present study. That certain physicochemical properties of the altered mucoprotein are different from those of the native substance is demonstrated in succeeding papers (34, 35).
Evaluation of E1-Mutant Adenoviruses as Conditionally Replicating Agents for Cancer Therapy
Authors: John A. Howe, G. William Demers, Duane E. Johnson, Sarah E.A. Neugebauer, Stuart T. Perry, Mei Ting Vaillancourt, Barbara Faha
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

The oncolytic effect of adenoviruses may provide an efficient means to destroy tumor tissue if viruses could be developed with sufficient selectivity and efficacy. In this report we have characterized several adenoviruses, each with different mutations in the E1 region, for selective cytopathic effect in tumor cells in vitro and for their ability to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Of the E1 mutants tested, we have identified one, E1Adl01/07, which preferentially induces cytopathic effects in a range of tumor cells versus primary cells. In addition, E1Adl01/07 significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased survival of mice in several models of human cancer. These results suggest that E1Adl01/07 might serve as an effective cancer therapeutic, combining both selectivity and efficacy. The oncolytic effect of adenoviruses may provide an efficient means to destroy tumor tissue if viruses could be developed with sufficient selectivity and efficacy. In this report we have characterized several adenoviruses, each with different mutations in the E1 region, for selective cytopathic effect in tumor cells in vitro and for their ability to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Of the E1 mutants tested, we have identified one, E1Adl01/07, which preferentially induces cytopathic effects in a range of tumor cells versus primary cells. In addition, E1Adl01/07 significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased survival of mice in several models of human cancer. These results suggest that E1Adl01/07 might serve as an effective cancer therapeutic, combining both selectivity and efficacy.
The RR interval distribution pattern as a predictive factor of the outcome of atrioventricular conduction modification in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: S. Gaitanidou, S. Rokas, C. Pamboucas, D. Actipis, S. Chatzidou, J. Darsinos, S. Stamatelopoulos, S. Moulopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
THE BLUE LIGHT TREATMENT IN DISEASES OF THE SKIN.
Authors: LOUIS E. SCHMIDT
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Roswell Park has but recently stated that the<i>x</i>-ray treatment is in its infancy and that its true value cannot be estimated at the present time, but that it is a matter of the future. The entire field of light therapy is still in an experimental stage and necessarily the results of treatment are open to criticism. Certainly with so many careful and earnest workers as are in the field at present, the evidence as to their value is just a question of time. Because there is a variance of opinion,<sup>1</sup>due to variance in the results of different workers in the same class of cases, it is not courteous nor scientific to accuse individuals who have the spirit of investigation and scientific interest at heart, of dishonesty whenever the results are not as good as those of others. Neither should it be done if the results are better. This
Distinguishing between HTLV-I and HTLV-II by western blot
Authors: StefanZ. Wiktor, SteveS. Alexander, GeorgeM. Shaw, StanleyH. Weiss, EdwardL. Murphy, RainfordJ. Wilks, VernonJ. Shortly, Barrie Hanchard, WilliamA. Blattner
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Expression and Nuclear Localization of ErbB3 in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ismaël Hervé Koumakpayi, Jean-Simon Diallo, Cécile Le Page, Laurent Lessard, Martin Gleave, Louis R. Bégin, Anne-Marie Mes-Masson, Fred Saad
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptors have been implicated in prostate cancer progression, but less is known about the role and biology of other ErbB receptor family members in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and localization of ErbB3 in prostate tissues and prostate cancer cell lines. Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry of ErbB3 was done on prostate cancer tissue sections from 143 patients and on a tissue microarray containing 390 cores of radical prostatectomy-derived specimens representing normal, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and malignant tissues from 81 patients. ErbB3 subcellular localization was studied by Western blot analysis in LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3, and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis of prostate cancer tissues revealed that &amp;gt;90% of prostate cancer tissues displayed cytoplasmic ErbB3 staining. Minimal ErbB3 nuclear staining was observed in normal prostate tissues and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues; in contrast, ErbB3 was frequently localized in the nucleus of cancerous tissues. This nuclear localization was more frequent (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in hormone-refractory tissues (17 of 17, 100%) compared with hormone-sensitive samples (37 of 92, 40.2%). Additionally, in the tissue microarray, increased nuclear ErbB3 was associated with increasing Gleason grade. Interestingly, Western blot analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear subcellular fractions showed that ErbB3 nuclear localization was more prevalent in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and 22Rv1) compared with hormone-insensitive cell lines (PC-3 and DU145). Conclusions: ErbB3 nuclear localization discriminates normal from malignant prostate tissues and between tumors from hormone-sensitive versus hormone-refractory prostate cancer. ErbB3 nuclear staining seems to be associated with risk of disease progression. The high frequency of ErbB3 nuclear localization in hormone-refractory tissues indicates that ErbB3 warrants further study to understand its association with prostate cancer disease progression.
MEDICAL PROBLEMS PECULIAR TO THE NAVY AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
Authors: ROSS T. McINTIRE
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In keeping with the address of the President of the American Medical Association, I wish to outline what the Navy Medical Corps is doing to prepare itself to meet all the obligations that will be thrown on it. It is well for all of us periodically to make a searching inquiry into the things we have done and then from the lessons so learned lay future plans. It is in this spirit that we in the Navy await the coming years. The primary duty of the Medical Corps of the Navy is to make all preparations humanly possible to keep the personnel healthy and able to perform their duties with minimum time on the sick list. The Navy is made up of the Fleet, with its supporting shore stations. It is reasonable then to say that every move made by the Medical Corps is in the direction of advancing the
PRESENT NEEDS OF MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: N. P. COLWELL
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The improvements in medical education made during the last twenty years have resulted in the securing of better buildings, more and better equipped laboratories, larger financial incomes, more uniformly high entrance requirements, better relationships with dispensaries and hospitals—including greatly improved methods in clinical teaching—and better selected and organized staffs of both full-time and part-time teachers. Twenty years ago, the majority of medical schools were independent institutions, and many were stock corporations conducted for profit. Now sixty-three, or 79 per cent., are integral parts of universities, and most of these are under the control of the university, so far as maintenance and teaching are concerned. The conditions existing twenty years ago were evidently viewed in a complaisant, matter-of-fact manner, but now one would be absolutely appalled if the conditions then existing were suddenly reestablished. Indeed, only those who have been in close touch with medical education in all parts of the
Reverse Oblique Reconstruction for SPECT of the Spine
Authors: RICHARD L. NICHOLSON, BEN MANGLAL-LAN, KATHRYN WILKINS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Anatomic localization of spine lesions, shown by Tc-99m phosphonate SPECT, to facet joint or pedicle is often difficult due to limitations in resolution. Indirect localization, relating lesion position on sagittal reconstruction to the adjacent visible vertebral bodies and also to patient spine radiographs, might be required. Some laterally placed lesions, however, cannot be visualized in the more midline slices showing the vertebral bodies. Oblique tomographic reconstruction overcomes this limitation.
Adenovirus E4ORF1-Induced MYC Activation Promotes Host Cell Anabolic Glucose Metabolism and Virus Replication
Authors: Minh Thai, Nicholas A. Graham, Daniel Braas, Michael Nehil, Evangelia Komisopoulou, Siavash K. Kurdistani, Frank McCormick, Thomas G. Graeber, Heather R. Christofk
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
SAFE biopsy: A validated method for large-scale staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Giada Sebastiani, Philippe Halfon, Laurent Castera, Stanislas Pol, David L. Thomas, Alessandra Mangia, Vito Di Marco, Mario Pirisi, Mihai Voiculescu, Maria Guido, Marc Bourliere, Franco Noventa, Alfredo Alberti
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The staging of liver fibrosis is pivotal for defining the prognosis and indications for therapy in hepatitis C. Although liver biopsy remains the gold standard, several noninvasive methods are under evaluation for clinical use. The aim of this study was to validate the recently described sequential algorithm for fibrosis evaluation (SAFE) biopsy, which detects significant fibrosis (> or =F2 by METAVIR) and cirrhosis (F4) by combining the AST-to-platelet ratio index and Fibrotest-Fibrosure, thereby limiting liver biopsy to cases not adequately classifiable by noninvasive markers. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients (2035) were enrolled in nine locations in Europe and the United States. The diagnostic accuracy of SAFE biopsy versus histology, which is the gold standard, was investigated. The reduction in the need for liver biopsies achieved with SAFE biopsy was also assessed. SAFE biopsy identified significant fibrosis with 90.1% accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.90) and reduced by 46.5% the number of liver biopsies needed. SAFE biopsy had 92.5% accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.94) for the detection of cirrhosis, obviating 81.5% of liver biopsies. A third algorithm identified significant fibrosis and cirrhosis simultaneously with high accuracy and a 36% reduction in the need for liver biopsy. The patient's age and body mass index influenced the performance of SAFE biopsy, which was improved with adjusted Fibrotest-Fibrosure cutoffs. Two hundred two cases (9.9%) had discordant results for significant fibrosis with SAFE biopsy versus histology, whereas 153 cases (7.5%) were discordant for cirrhosis detection; 71 of the former cases and 56 of the latter cases had a Fibroscan measurement within 2 months of histological evaluation. Fibroscan confirmed SAFE biopsy findings in 83.1% and 75%, respectively.SAFE biopsy is a rational and validated method for staging liver fibrosis in hepatitis C with a marked reduction in the need for liver biopsy. It is an attractive tool for large-scale screening of HCV carriers.
Type A Behavior Pattern and Coronary Angiographic Findings
Authors: Kenneth A. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1978)

One hundred forty-seven consecutive patients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography were classified according to the type-A behavior pattern. Statistically significant correlations were found between disease severity and the physical risk factors cholesterol, smoking, hypertension, sex, and age. The correlation of the behavior pattern with angiographic disease severity was of the same magnitude as that of the other risk factors except cholesterol, which was greater. The association between the behavior pattern and severity persisted after adjustments had been made for the effects of five other major risk factors. (<i>JAMA</i>240:761-763, 1978)