tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regional Differences in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Same Patient
Authors: BEVERLY LORELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Using hemodynamic and radionuclide perfusion data, we measured regional pulmonary vascular resistances in a patient with mitral stenosis and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with intact atrial septum before and after surgical correction. Pulmonary vascular resistance in the right upper lung region that had anomalous drainage to a normal-pressure right atrium was compared to resistance of a region in the left upper lung similar in size that had normal drainage to a high-pressure left atrium. Preoperatively, pulmonary vascular resistance in both regions was elevated but was considerably higher in the left upper lung region. Postoperatively, pulmonary vascular resistance fell substantially in the left upper lung with the fall in left atrial pressure, whereas it changed minimally in the right upper lung after elimination of the left-to-right shunt. These findings are related to vascular abnormalities on biopsies obtained from both regions.
Lifestyle modification with drug treatment achieves most weight loss, study finds
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The best results in weight loss are achieved when drug treatment is used as an adjunct to a comprehensive programme of diet modification, exercise, and behaviour therapy, a new US study shows.

The randomised one year trial involved 180 women and 44 men between the ages of 18 and 65 whose body mass index was between 30 and 45 ( New England Journal of Medicine 2005;353:2111-20). At the beginning of the study the participants were asked to keep to their usual eating and activity habits. Later they were prescribed a balanced deficit diet giving about 5 MJ to 6.3 MJ of energy a day. In this diet about 15% of their energy derived from proteins, 30% or less …
Five members of the CEBP transcription factor family are targeted by recurrent IGH translocations in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL)
Authors: Takashi Akasaka, Theodore Balasas, Lisa J. Russell, Kei-ji Sugimoto, Aneela Majid, Renata Walewska, E. Loraine Karran, David G. Brown, Kelvin Cain, Lana Harder, Stefan Gesk, Jose Ignacio Martin-Subero, Mark G. Atherton, Monika Brüggemann, María José Calasanz, Teresa Davies, Oskar A. Haas, Anne Hagemeijer, Helena Kempski, Michel Lessard, Debra M. Lillington, Sarah Moore, Florence Nguyen-Khac, Isabelle Radford-Weiss, Claudia Schoch, Stéphanie Struski, Polly Talley, Melanie J. Welham, Helen Worley, Jon C. Strefford, Christine J. Harrison, Reiner Siebert, Martin J. S. Dyer
Journal: Blood (2006)
Programmed death 1 expression during antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B: Impact of hepatitis B e-antigen seroconversion
Authors: Alexander Evans, Antonio Riva, Helen Cooksley, Sandra Phillips, Smrithi Puranik, Amit Nathwani, Sara Brett, Shilpa Chokshi, Nikolai V. Naoumov
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Hyperexpression of the programmed death 1 (PD-1) molecule is a hallmark of exhausted T-cells, having a negative impact on T-cell activation and function. We studied longitudinally 18 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)–positive patients undergoing treatment with direct antivirals (telbivudine or lamivudine) to determine the relationship between treatment-induced viremia reduction and HBeAg seroconversion with respect to PD-1 levels and T-cell reactivity. PD-1 expression was assessed by (1) flow cytometry and (2) quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; hepatitis B virus (HBV)–specific CD8+ T-cells were quantitated by pentamer staining; T-cell reactivity to HBV antigens was determined by interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays; and central/effector memory phenotypes were defined by phenotypic markers. PD-1 expression correlated closely with viremia levels. On therapy, PD-1 decreased significantly on total CD8+ T-cells, HBV-specific CD8+ T-cells, and CD3+/CD8− T-cells both as the percentage of positive cells ( P &lt; 0.01) and as the mean fluorescent intensity ( P &lt; 0.05), and this was paralleled by a marked reduction of PD-1 messenger RNA levels ( P = 0.001). HBeAg serocoversion (in 6/18 patients) resulted in a further PD-1 decrease with a 50% reduction in the frequency of PD-1+/CD8+ T-cells, which was not observed in patients remaining HBeAg-positive. The decrease in PD-1 expression was associated with increased frequencies of IFNγ-producing T-cells and decreased frequencies of IL-10 producing T-cells. At baseline, PD-1 expression correlated directly with the frequency of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) central and effector memory phenotypes, whereas an inverse correlation was observed between PD-1 expression and HBcAg-specific effector phenotypes. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that in chronic HBV infection, both viremia levels and HBeAg drive PD-1 expression and resulting T-cell impairment. Treatment-induced suppression of HBV replication reduces PD-1 expression; however, additional immunotherapeutic interventions are needed for restoration of T-cell functions. (Hepatology 2008.)
Department of Health Bill.
Authors: Liston H. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Chicago, Dec. 18, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was greatly interested in reading Governor Bloxham's communication in the current issue of ourJournal(see pages 1284—85) regarding the proposed Department of Public Health having at its head a "Secretary of Health," etc. Permit me, therefore, to introduce briefly as I can the following additional argument as it occurs to me at this moment, in addition to what has been stated by the Governor of Florida, why such department should be created. Twice within the past five years, namely, during the summer of 1892 and the year following, the commerce of this country was materially disturbed and the lives of the people greatly endangered by a threatened invasion of<i>supposed</i>Asiatic cholera, and that more recently, yellow fever has gained entrance to the United States, namely, in 1893 and during the early autumnal months of the present year (as has already
A National Review of the Frequency of Minimally Invasive Surgery Among General Surgery Residents
Authors: Morgan K. Richards, Jarod P. McAteer, F. Thurston Drake, Adam B. Goldin, Saurabh Khandelwal, Kenneth W. Gow
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has created a shift in how many surgical diseases are treated. Examining the effect on resident operative experience provides valuable insight into trends that may be useful for restructuring the requirements of resident training.To evaluate changes in general surgery resident operative experience regarding MIS.Retrospective review of the frequency of MIS relative to open operations among general surgery residents using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs for academic years 1993-1994 through 2011-2012.General surgery residency training among accredited programs in the United States.We analyzed the difference in the mean number of MIS techniques and corresponding open procedures across training periods using 2-tailed t tests with statistical significance set at P < .05.Of 6,467,708 operations with the option of MIS, 2,393,030 (37.0%) were performed with the MIS approach. Of all MIS operations performed, the 5 most common were cholecystectomy (48.5%), appendectomy (16.2%), groin hernia repair (10.0%), abdominal exploration (nontrauma) (4.4%), and antireflux procedures (3.6%). During the study period, there was a transition from a predominantly open to MIS approach for appendectomy, antireflux procedures, thoracic wedge resection, and partial gastric resection. Cholecystectomy is the only procedure for which MIS was more common than the open technique throughout the study period (P < .001). The open approach is more common for all other procedures, including splenectomy (0.7% MIS), common bile duct exploration (24.9% MIS), gastrostomy (25.9% MIS), abdominal exploration (33.1% MIS), hernia (20.3% MIS), lung resection (22.3% MIS), partial or total colectomy (39.1%), enterolysis (19.0% MIS), ileostomy (9.0% MIS), enterectomy (5.2% MIS), vagotomy (1.8% MIS), and pediatric antireflux procedures (35.9% MIS); P < .001.Minimally invasive surgery has an increasingly prominent role in contemporary surgical therapy for many common diseases. The open approach, however, still predominates in all but 5 procedures. Residents today must become efficient at performing multiple techniques for a single procedure, which demands a broader skill set than in the past.
Canada accused of failing women patients
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Canadian women, particularly women in Canada's rural, remote, and northern communities, need better access to health care, a report from researchers into women's health says. Its message was reinforced by calls for better services from the new president of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada.

Women living in Canada's rural regions find it hard to access health information and healthcare services, a recent study says. This large, qualitative, two year study done by four centres of excellence for women's health, found that Canada's current systems for health information are poorly coordinated and inadequately promoted. Health services in …
Oxygen desaturation during sleep and exercise in patients with interstitial lung disease.
Authors: B Midgren, L Hansson, L Eriksson, P Airikkala, D Elmqvist
Journal: Thorax (1987)

The relations between mean and maximum fall in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during sleep, hypoxaemia during moderate and maximum exercise, and lung mechanics were studied in 16 patients with interstitial lung disease. Mean and minimum SaO2 during sleep were significantly related to each other and to daytime oxygenation but not to lung mechanics. Although the maximum fall in SaO2 during sleep was similar to the fall during maximum exercise (a level seldom achieved during normal daily activities), profound hypoxaemic episodes during sleep were rare and brief and therefore contributed little to the mean SaO2. The fall in mean SaO2 during sleep was not significant and was considerably less than during moderate exercise (average 0.5 v an estimated 4.5%, p less than 0.05). It is therefore concluded that in patients with interstitial lung disease oxygen desaturation during sleep is mild and less severe than hypoxaemia during exercise.
P1197 REAL-WORLD TREATMENT WITH FIRST GENERATION TRIPLE THERAPY FOR HCV-GT1 DIFFICULT-TO-TREAT PATIENTS: FINAL RESULTS OF AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED LIVER DISEASE AND NONRESPONSE
Authors: J. Petersen, K. Olah, S. Unger, T. Lorenzen, F. Kuhlendahl, K. Wursthorn, A. Plettenberg, A. Stoehr, C. Czaja-Harder, P. Buggisch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
III. APPLICATION IN INTERNAL MEDICINE
Authors: RUSSELL M. WILDER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Pancreatic preparations may be valuable theoretically both in the treatment of conditions resulting from a failure of the external pancreatic secretions, and in the treatment of diabetes resulting from a failure of the internal pancreatic secretion. <h3>PANCREATIC DIGESTIVE FERMENTS</h3> In digestive disturbances attributable to diminished or absent pancreatic activity, the need for the oral administration of pancreatic ferments is problematic and the utility of pancreatin, desiccated pancreas and analogous preparations is doubtful. The use of these cannot be entirely condemned, because such condemnation would be contrary to the experience of many excellent clinicians. However, clinical reports are conflicting, and the best experimental evidence indicates that such preparations have little or no value. For instance, dogs with pancreatic fistulas absorb fat no better when licking their fistulas than they do when muzzled and not allowed to lick any ferment. Similarly, the administration of pancreatic preparations in completely depancreated dogs in no
THE RELATION OF HAIR-GROWTH ON THE BODY TO BALDNESS
Authors: H. HARRIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1947)

Journal Article THE RELATION OF HAIR‐GROWTH ON THE BODY TO BALDNESS Get access H. HARRIS, B.A., M.B., B.Ch., Camb H. HARRIS, B.A., M.B., B.Ch., Camb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 59, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1947, Pages 300–309, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1947.tb10910.x Published: 01 August 1947
Hypopharynx Perforation During Infant's Resuscitation
Authors: Antonio G. Galvis
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE DOCUMENTED value of training lay persons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has prompted an effort by medical and paramedical professions to teach the public fundamental CPR skills.<sup>1,2</sup>The emphasis in the CPR training of lay persons is primarily directed toward the resuscitation of adults, typically of the victims of sudden death associated with myocardial ischemia, and does not deal adequately with resuscitation of infants. We recently treated a 2-month-old boy in whom acute respiratory distress and subcutaneous emphysema developed following mouth-to-mouth resuscitation administered by his father, a volunteer fireman trained in CPR. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 2-month-old boy was transferred to the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP) because of respiratory distress and neck swelling. The infant was well until he suffered a choking episode after a feeding, regurgitated thick formula and mucus, and became cyanotic. The infant's father observed the episode and immediately cleared the child's oropharynx with
A case of mistaken muscles
Authors: H. U. Ahmed
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Oxford Clinical School recently piloted a scheme in which final year students serve as mentors to first-year clinical students. The assumption is that these near qualified students are not too far advanced to have forgotten those first anxious steps on the wards and can therefore provide a type of support that qualified doctors could not. Equally important, they have sufficient experience to teach the basic clinical skills of history taking and physical examination.

During a teaching session given by HUA (a finalist) to SA (a first year student) on the dreaded neurological examination, we both gained valuable lessons beyond those simply related to the intricacies of the nervous system. While …
Thirty-Day Rehospitalizations After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shannon M. Dunlay, Susan A. Weston, Jill M. Killian, Malcolm R. Bell, Allan S. Jaffe, Véronique L. Roger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Rehospitalization is a quality-of-care indicator, yet little is known about its occurrence and predictors after myocardial infarction (MI) in the community. Objective: To examine 30-day rehospitalizations after incident MI. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Population-based registry in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Patients: 3010 patients who were hospitalized in Olmsted County with first-ever MI from 1987 to 2010 and survived to hospital discharge. Measurements: Diagnoses, therapies, and complications during incident and subsequent hospitalizations were identified. Manual chart review was performed to determine the cause of all rehospitalizations. The hazard ratios and cumulative incidence of 30-day rehospitalizations were determined by using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Among 3010 patients (mean age, 67 years; 40.5% female) with incident MI (31.2% ST-segment elevation), 643 rehospitalizations occurred within 30 days in 561 (18.6%) patients. Overall, 30.2% of rehospitalizations were unrelated to the incident MI and 42.6% were related; the relationship was unclear in 27.2% of rehospitalizations. Angiography was performed in 153 (23.8%) rehospitalizations. Revascularization was performed in 103 (16.0%) rehospitalizations, of which 46 (44.7%) had no revascularization during the index hospitalization. After adjustment for potential confounders, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia, higher Killip class, longer length of stay during the index hospitalization, and a complication of angiography or reperfusion or revascularization were associated with increased rehospitalization risk. The 30-day incidence of rehospitalization was 35.3% in patients who experienced a complication of angiography during the index MI hospitalization and 31.6% in those who experienced a complication of reperfusion or revascularization during the index MI hospitalization, compared with 16.8% in patients who had reperfusion or revascularization without complications. Limitation: This study represents the experiences of a single community. Conclusion: Comorbid conditions, longer length of stay, and complications of angiography and revascularization or reperfusion are associated with increased 30-day rehospitalization risk after MI. Many rehospitalizations seem to be unrelated to the incident MI. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Membrane electrical mechanism of basilar artery constriction and pial artery dilation by norepinephrine.
Authors: D R Harder, P W Abel, K Hermsmeyer
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

To study the mechanism by which norepinephrine acts on vascular muscle cell membrane, we recorded membrane potential with intracellular microelectrodes in isolated cat basilar and pial arteries. On addition of norepinephrine concentrations less than 1 microM, pial arteries hyperpolarized and relaxed while basilar arteries depolarized and contracted. Relaxation and hyperpolarization of the pial arteries occurred without the need for addition of any other drug, which indicates the relaxation of spontaneous tone. The relaxation and hyperpolarization could be completely blocked by addition of propranolol before exposure to norepinephrine. The depolarization and contraction of both basilar and pial arteries was blocked by the previous exposure to phentolamine. Electrical spikes were not found spontaneously, but could be induced in both arteries by tetraethylammonium and subsequent addition of norepinephrine, blockable by phentolamine. We conclude that membrane property differences between basilar and pial arteries result in qualitatively different effects of norepinephrine.
Panniculitis in association with apomorphine infusion
Authors: None Acland, None Churchyard, None Fletcher, None Turner, None Lees, None Dowd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

This study was undertaken to ascertain the histopathology and aetiology of cutaneous nodules observed in Parkinson's patients treated with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine. Ten patients were recruited, answered questionnaires, and underwent skin biopsies and full blood count, and nine were patch tested to apomorphine and its preservative. Six had serum IgE levels measured. A florid panniculitis was seen in all biopsies; five were predominantly eosinophilic, three lymphocytic and two neutrophilic; in seven cases the panniculitis was mixed and in three it was septal. Patch testing was universally negative and the IgE levels were normal.
CANINE SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Robert M. Lewis, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Three breeding lines, originating from dogs with SLE, have been established. Two lines were initiated by mating a female with SLE with a normal male. The third line resulted from a mating of two affected dogs. Brother-to-sister matings have reached the third generation in each line. In addition, backcross and outcross matings were carried out. More than one-third of the autopsied dogs had thymic abnormalities. The commonest lesion was a lymphoid follicle; the thymus of one dog contained multiple granulomas, and in one animal a reticulum cell sarcoma of the thymus was found. Multiple serological abnormalities, including positive LE cell tests, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), and rheumatoid factor, were found in the progeny. The development of ANA appeared unrelated to the incidence of positive LE cell tests. About 10% of the animals had rheumatoid factor in their serum. Control populations of dogs; including house pets; two other, unrelated lines of inbred dogs; and normal dogs housed in the same facility as the SLE colony did not have these abnormalities. The incidence of positive LE cell tests in the inbred, backcross, and outcross matings was not consistent with any conventional genetic mechanism of inheritance. It is conceivable that the results can be explained by vertical transmission of an infectious agent in a genetically susceptible individual.
Cortical Metabolic and Nigrostriatal Abnormalities Associated With Clinical Stage-Specific Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Shu-Hua Huang, Chiung-Chih Chang, Chun-Chung Lui, Nai-Ching Chen, Chen-Chang Lee, Pei-Wen Wang, Ching-Fen Jiang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Purpose The aims of this study were to investigate the hypometabolic regions of FDG PET compared with the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway abnormalities in TRODAT-1 scan in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) at mild and dementia stages as well as to validate the correlation among networks being constructed with clinical data. Materials and Methods A total of 25 DLB patients were classified into 2 functional groups stratified by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale (CDR 0.5: n = 14, mild stage; CDR 1 or 2: n = 11, dementia stage) compared with 9 age-matched controls. Neuroimaging survey was applied using information derived from FDG PET by performing voxel-based analysis and a semiquantitative 99mTc-TRODAT-1 scan to correlate these results with the cognitive and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Results Compared with normal database, the patients with mild stage showed hypometabolism in the temporal regions, anterior cingulate cortex, inferior orbital region, thalamus, and caudate nucleus. Although at the dementia stage, more extensive cortical hypometabolism involving occipital region were found. The dopamine transporter levels derived from TRODAT-1 scan had excellent discrimination in diagnosing DLB compared with age-matched normal controls (1.58 [0.2] and 1.84 [0.1], P < 0.01) but without significant differences between mild and dementia stages. The sophisticated cortical-brainstem networks by FDG PET and TRODAT-1 yielded good clinical correlation. Conclusions The networks yielded from FDG PET and TRODAT-1 revealed good correlation with clinical data and that nigrostriatal pathway abnormalities are preceded by typical occipital hypometabolism in mild stage of DLB. Dopamine transporter levels may serve as early diagnostic tool and FDG PET as staging indicator for DLB pathology.