tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estrogen and Progestin, Lipoprotein(a), and the Risk of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease Events After Menopause
Authors: Michael G. Shlipak, Joel A. Simon, Eric Vittinghoff, Feng Lin, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Robert H. Knopp, Robert I. Levy, Stephen B. Hulley
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) events. However, few data exist on the clinical importance of Lp(a) lowering for CHD prevention. Hormone therapy with estrogen has been found to lower Lp(a) levels in women.ObjectiveTo determine the relationships among treatment with estrogen and progestin, serum Lp(a) levels, and subsequent CHD events in postmenopausal women.Design and SettingThe Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS), a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled secondary prevention trial conducted from January 1993 through July 1998 with a mean follow-up of 4.1 years at 20 centers.ParticipantsA total of 2763 postmenopausal women younger than 80 years with coronary artery disease and an intact uterus. Mean age was 66.7 years.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to receive either conjugated equine estrogens, 0.625 mg, plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg, in 1 tablet daily (n = 1380), or identical placebo (n = 1383).Main Outcome MeasuresLipoprotein(a) levels and CHD events (nonfatal myocardial infarction and CHD death).ResultsIncreased baseline Lp(a) levels were associated with subsequent CHD events among women in the placebo arm. After multivariate adjustment, women in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of baseline Lp(a) level had relative hazards (RHs) (compared with the first quartile) of 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.59), 1.31 (95% CI, 0.85-2.04), and 1.54 (95% CI, 0.99-2.39), respectively, compared with women in the lowest quartile (P for trend = .03). Treatment with estrogen and progestin reduced mean (SD) Lp(a) levels significantly (–5.8 [15] mg/dL) (−0.20 [0.53] µmol/L)compared with placebo (0.3 [17] mg/dL) (0.01 [0.60] µmol/L) (P<.001). In a randomized subgroup comparison, women with low baseline Lp(a) levels had less benefit from estrogen and progestin than women with high Lp(a) levels; the RH for women assigned to estrogen and progestin compared with placebo were 1.49 (95% CI, 0.97-2.26) in the lowest quartile and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.67-1.65), 0.78 (0.52-1.18), and 0.85 (0.58-1.25) in the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively (P for interaction trend = .03).ConclusionsOur data suggest that Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for recurrent CHD in postmenopausal women and that treatment with estrogen and progestin lowers Lp(a) levels. Estrogen and progestin therapy appears to have a more favorable effect (relative to placebo) in women with high initial Lp(a) levels than in women with low levels. This apparent interaction needs confirmation in other trials.
Auranofin. New oral gold compound for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A E Finkelstein, D T Walz, V Batista, M Mizraji, F Roisman, A Misher
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with SK &amp; F D-39162 (auranofin), a new oral gold compound which was effective in suppressing adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Clinical and humoral parameters were studied during a 3-month period of drug administration followed by a 3-month period under placebo. The drug was absorbed, well tolerated, and its action was manifested by a drop in the mean IgG blood levels in the third week of treatment accompanied by clinical improvement after 5 weeks of oral gold intake. Together with IgG changes, an increase of the albumin ratio was observed, as well as a decrease of alpha2-globulin and rheumatoid factor titres. From a total number of 60 swollen joints found initially in the 8 patients only 17 were swollen at week 12 and 9 at week 15. Although the number of patients treated was too small to allow definite conclusions, a follow-up study under placebo of clinical and laboratory changes in the same patients during another 3-month period showed that IgG serum levels rapidly reverted preceding a flare up of disease activity after withdrawal of the drug. This confirmed a direct role in cause-effect relation played by the new oral gold compound.
Edgar Ralph (“Mike”) Wide
Authors: Gordon Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Former missionary doctor Baringa, Congo (Zaire) (b 1904; q Bristol 1927), d 17 October 2004.

Mike, as he was known, first came to Baringa, where the RBMU (Regions Beyond Missionary Union) had established mission work, in 1928, and he concluded his overseas work in 1964. He designed and built a hospital complex—the only one for hundreds of miles. He trained his wife, Isabel, who had read law, to be his theatre nurse. Mike became an accomplished surgeon, working in the early days from textbooks and never with the luxury of radiography. He successfully pioneered the early use of drugs in leprosy, and trained local nursing staff and missionary doctors. His wife predeceased him.
AMINO ACID STUDIES. II. PLASMA AMINO ACID RETENTION, AS EVIDENCE OF IMPAIRED LIVER FUNCTION. INVESTIGATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH NEPHROSIS AND LIVER DISEASE 1
Authors: J. D. Lyttle, E. Goettsch, D. M. Greeley, W. M. Grim, P. Dunbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

Kirk (1) reviewed the literature concerning liver dysfunction in relation to amino acid me- tabolism following the ingestion of glycine or mixtures of amino acids, and, in addition, re- ported his own experiments.Using the nitrous acid method of Van Slyke, he determined the amino acid N concentration in plasma, before and after the ingestion of 25 grams of glycine, in patients with hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and ob- structive jaundice.He concluded that no definite reduction in the deamination of the amino acids was demonstrable in patients with liver disease and that the glycine tolerance test under the conditions of his experiments was not suitable for the diagnosis of liver dysfunction.He also studied the urinary excretion of amino acids before and after the ingestion of glycine and re- ported that essentially the same amino acid ex- cretion was observed in normal individuals as in patients with liver disease.Kitamura (2) demonstrated a retention of plasma amino acids following an intravenous injection of certain amino acids in rabbits with livers damaged by chloroform and similar poisons.From the plasma amino acid curves obtained after the intravenous injection of glycine in patients with liver disease, Horejsi (3) stated that little information could be gained by such methods unless severe liver destruction was present.Weicker (4) studied the behavior of blood amino acid levels following the ingestion of a mixture of equal parts by weight of glycine, leucine, asparagine, and tyro- sine.He found that in some of the patients with liver disease, the retention of whole blood amino acids persisted longer but that the maximum values obtained were not higher than those ob- tained in normal controls.
Protocols to Improve the Care of Critically Ill Pediatric and Adult Patients
Authors: Maureen O. Meade
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulmonary vascular resistance in children with congenital heart disease.
Authors: N J Davies, E A Shinebourne, M J Scallan, T A Sopwith, D M Denison
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Pulmonary and systemic blood flow and pulmonary vascular resistance were measured in 21 children with congenital heart disease. Blood flow was calculated by the direct Fick method, using measurements of metabolic gas exchange obtained by remote respiratory mass spectrometry. The observations showed that the administration of oxygen caused an appreciable fall in pulmonary vascular resistance in 16 of the 21 children studied and that this fall would not have been appreciated from a study of pulmonary arterial pressure alone as it was masked by a corresponding rise in blood flow. In 10 of 14 children, in whom superior vena caval blood was also sampled, the rise in flow was largely due to an increase in intracardiac left to right shunt. It was accompanied by widening of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, perhaps due to imperfect gas equilibration within the lung.
Periodate treatment of <i>Anisakis simplex</i> allergens
Authors: I. Moneo, M. T. Audicana, E. Alday, G. Curiel, M. D. del Pozo, M. Garcia
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Anaphylactic reactions after parasitized fish consumption are mediated by an IgE response. However, positive skin tests and specific IgE can also be found in many asymptomatic subjects who recognize a single medium-mol.-wt. antigen by IgE immunoblot. The study aimed to find out whether this unspecificity was due to the carbohydrate moieties of parasite antigens. Sixty-two patients with suspected parasite allergy, 51 blood donors, 18 bakers, and 38 atopic patients were studied by blotting. Parasite proteins were treated with periodate. Several selected sera were inhibited with a crude wheat extract and fungal amylase. Twelve patients (19%), eight donors (16%), six bakers (33%), and one atopic patient (3%) recognized a single medium-mol.-wt. band in blotting and should be considered false-positive. This band was periodate-sensitive, but specific IgE to this allergen could not be inhibited by a wheat extract nor by fungal amylase and was clinically irrelevant. Diagnosis of Anisakis simplex hypersensitivity by skin tests and/ or specific IgE values should always be confirmed by specific IgE immunoblotting in order to detect the presence of clinically unrelated antibodies directed to periodate-sensitive allergens. These allergens are probably not a carbohydrate moiety of a parasite glycoprotein.
Analgesia and Anesthesia in Obstetrics
Authors: E. C. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The relief of pain in obstetrics can be accomplished with a high degree of safety for mother and infant. Too often, however, the individual administering analgesia and anesthesia lacks adequate experience and training. In this context<i>Analgesia and Anesthesia in Obstetrics</i>falls short of being a good primer. The author has discussed agents and techniques commonly in use today, but in a poorly organized manner. This monograph contains 11 chapters, among which are: (1) Agents Used for Obstetric Analgesia; (2) Hypodermic, Oral and Rectal Agents; (3) Intravenous Anesthesia (Thiopental); (4) Block Anesthesia; and (5) Saddle Block Anesthesia. Although much of the information presented is correct, some is misleading. The following is an example: "The word generally used to denote absence of breathing is<i>asphyxia</i>but it literally means 'without pulse'.<i>Asphyxia neonatorum</i>, or respiratory failure of the newborn, in contrast to asphyxia in the adult, is characterized by the continuation
The COPD Assessment Test: what have we learned over its first 5 years?
Authors: Paul W. Jones
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

What have we learned from the COPD Assessment Test over its first 5 years?http://ow.ly/z8JCdIt is 5 years since the development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) [1], so the review of papers concerning the CAT by GUPTA et al. [2] in this issue of the European Respiratory Journal is very timely.The authors identified over 40 studies using a systematic approach to minimise biases, although they acknowledge that they introduced one bias by selecting papers published only in English, French and Spanish, so eight papers were excluded.That may not be too problematic, as the included papers report data on over 25 000 patients from 35 countries across five continents (none from Australasia or Antarctica).
Enhanced T cell responses to antigenic peptides targeted to B cell surface Ig, Ia, or class I molecules.
Authors: L A Casten, P Kaumaya, S K Pierce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The helper T cell recognition of soluble globular protein antigens requires that the proteins be processed by an APC, releasing a peptide that is transported to and held on the APC surface where it is recognized by the specific T cell in conjunction with Ia. When cellular processing functions are blocked, APC lose their ability to present native antigens while retaining the capacity to activate T cells when provided with a cognate peptide fragment that contains the T cell antigenic determinant. In this report, we show that a peptide fragment of the soluble globular protein antigen tobacco hornworm moth cytochrome c, residues 92-103 containing an additional NH2-terminal cysteine residue (THMcCys92-103), is effectively presented by B cells to an I-Ek-restricted, THMc-specific T cell hybrid when covalently coupled to antibodies specific for B cell surface Ig, Ia (Ak), or class I (Kk). Maximal activation of the T cells to the THMcCys92-103-antibody conjugates is achieved with 1/100-1/1,000th of the peptide required using unconjugated THMcCys92-103 or THMcCys92-103 coupled to nonspecific antibody. The T cell response to the peptide antibody conjugates is MHC restricted, but unlike native cytochrome c-antibody conjugates, THMcCys92-103-antibody conjugates do not require processing and can be presented by paraformaldehyde-fixed B cells. The THMcCys92-103-antibody conjugate are nearly as effective when incubated with B cells, and the unbound conjugates washed away before addition of T cells as when continuously present in culture with T cells and B cells, indicating that the active peptide antibody conjugate is associated at the B cell surface. The presentation of THMcCys92-103 coupled to monovalent Fab fragments of rabbit anti-Ig antibodies is less effective than that of the peptide coupled to bivalent antibody when either live or fixed B cells are APC, indicating that the avidity for the APC surface afforded by bivalent binding may be important in the conjugate's antigenicity. The results presented here indicate that a T cell-antigenic peptide, covalently coupled to a larger antibody molecule, can be readily recognized by an Ia-restricted helper T cell in the absence of processing. Moreover, the ability of the peptide to bind to B cell surfaces greatly augments the peptide's antigenicity, even when the binding is to structures distinct from the Ia molecule required for T cell activation.
Cardiac size and function in acromegaly.
Authors: J B Martins, R E Kerber, B M Sherman, M L Marcus, J C Ehrhardt
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Sixteen acromegalic patients underwent echocardiography, phonocardiography, stress electrocardiography with Thallium perfusion scanning and gated radioisotope left ventricular angiocardiograms. Abnormalities consisting of increased echo left ventricular mass index, low velocity of circumferential fiber shortening or elevated pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time ratio were found in six patients with coexistent hypertension or coronary disease. Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was also found in three patients with no known etiology other than acromegaly of greater than thirteen years' duration or with fasting growth hormone concentrations greater than 100 ng/ml. One of these three also had left ventricular dysfunction. Neither hypertrophy nor ventricular dysfunction was found in other acromegalics with shorter duration of disease or lower growth hormone concentrations or with normal growth hormone concentrations after therapy. A high prevalence of coronary artery and hypertensive heart disease is associated with acromegaly. A few patients with acromegaly have a specific, potentially reversible cardiomyopathy probably related to prolonged acromegaly or very high growth hormone concentrations.
Immunotherapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Damien Bresson, Matthias von Herrath
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that causes the body to destroy insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. Genetic susceptibility is a major component of the disease pathogenesis. Many of the genes involved in disease susceptibility are major players in coordinating immune response. For example, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes, known as human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) in humans, are the most prominent susceptibility genes (1). Besides genetic factors, there is strong evidence suggesting that environment contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes (2). The most striking example being that the incidence of diabetes differs in monozygotic twins (3). Other examples include the geographic distribution of type 1 diabetes and immigrants exhibiting the incidence prevalent in their new country of residence (4). Even if it may be a difficult task, efforts to find environmental causes are necessary as part of a potential future prevention program (5).

In humans, the accumulation of islet antibodies with differential specificities for β-cell proteins, in combination with genotyping for susceptibility alleles, can predict the risk to develop clinical diabetes. However, we are still unable to arrest β-cell destruction in pre-diabetic patients, even though a lot of evidence collected from preclinical studies using various therapeutic regimens in different animal models for type 1 diabetes has been successful in preventing type 1 diabetes (6). Some compounds (anti-CD3 antibodies, GAD of 65 kDa [GAD65], Diapep277, and anti-thymocyte globulin [ATG]) that reestablished long-term tolerance in animal models after new-onset type 1 diabetes show promising effects in reducing β-cell decline in phase I and II clinical trials in humans with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes, but none of them was able to cure the disease (7). We have to ask, what are the current hurdles that make translation from animal models to humans so difficult and …
NOTE ON FLAVINE, SODIUM DESOXYCHODATE, AND QUININE AS A MOUTH-WASH
Authors: F. M. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1917)

_BIA _OO-u y There were three tracheotomies (includingone emer- gency laryngotomy) and elevenm haeboiorhWhaes necdssf- tating ligature of the external, and three-of the common carotid.These.tliree latter are a1l mQk,d' ap'palrently not sufferiing any discomforts as a consequence of tlisi operation.
Common variation in PHACTR1 is associated with susceptibility to cervical artery dissection
Authors: Stéphanie Debette, Yoichiro Kamatani, Tiina M Metso, Manja Kloss, Ganesh Chauhan, Stefan T Engelter, Alessandro Pezzini, Vincent Thijs, Hugh S Markus, Martin Dichgans, Christiane Wolf, Ralf Dittrich, Emmanuel Touzé, Andrew M Southerland, Yves Samson, Shérine Abboud, Yannick Béjot, Valeria Caso, Anna Bersano, Andreas Gschwendtner, Maria Sessa, John Cole, Chantal Lamy, Elisabeth Medeiros, Simone Beretta, Leo H Bonati, Armin J Grau, Patrik Michel, Jennifer J Majersik, Pankaj Sharma, Ludmila Kalashnikova, Maria Nazarova, Larisa Dobrynina, Eva Bartels, Benoit Guillon, Evita G van den Herik, Israel Fernandez-Cadenas, Katarina Jood, Michael A Nalls, Frank-Erik de Leeuw, Christina Jern, Yu-Ching Cheng, Inge Werner, Antti J Metso, Christoph Lichy, Philippe A Lyrer, Tobias Brandt, Giorgio B Boncoraglio, Heinz-Erich Wichmann, Christian Gieger, Andrew D Johnson, Thomas Böttcher, Maurizio Castellano, Dominique Arveiler, M Arfan Ikram, Monique M B Breteler, Alessandro Padovani, James F Meschia, Gregor Kuhlenbäumer, Arndt Rolfs, Bradford B Worrall, Erich-Bernd Ringelstein, Diana Zelenika, Turgut Tatlisumak, Mark Lathrop, Didier Leys, Philippe Amouyel, Jean Dallongeville, Olivier Godefroy, Sandrine Canaple
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
1059-14 C825T polymorphism of the G-protein beta(3) subunit gene and atrial fibrillation: Association of the TT genotype with a reduced risk for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Juergen Schreieck, Stefan Dostal, Nicolas von Beckerath, Annette Wacker, Michelle Flory, Sonja Weyerbrock, Sebastian Schmieder, Werner Koch, Claus Schmitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Essentials of Family Planning
Authors: M. Elstein
Journal: BMJ (1977)

of Endoscopy at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre in Los Angeles, has brought together an international group of 58 contributors who provide a mass of information about this rapidly expanding subject.Preliminary chapters deal with the physics of the endoscope, instruments, cleaning, storage, and training.In the second part the whole range of clinical applications is considered in detail.The book is beautifully produced and illustrated, including a series of coloured plates which show the full range of applications of endo- scopic techniques.The bibliography is full and up to date.The book will find a useful place in the library of any hospital where fibreoptic endoscopy is commonly carried out.
Silica exposure and systemic vasculitis.
Authors: Karen B Mulloy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Work in Department of Energy (DOE) facilities has exposed workers to multiple toxic agents leading to acute and chronic diseases. Many exposures were common to numerous work sites. Exposure to crystalline silica was primarily restricted to a few facilities. I present the case of a 63-year-old male who worked in DOE facilities for 30 years as a weapons testing technician. In addition to silica, other workplace exposures included beryllium, various solvents and heavy metals, depleted uranium, and ionizing radiation. In 1989 a painful macular skin lesion was biopsied and diagnosed as leukocytoclastic vasculitis. By 1992 he developed gross hematuria and dyspnea. Blood laboratory results revealed a serum creatinine concentration of 2.1 mg/dL, ethrythrocyte sedimentation rate of 61 mm/hr, negative cANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody cytoplasmic pattern), positive pANCA (ANCA perinuclear pattern), and antiglomerular basement membrane negative. Renal biopsy showed proliferative (crescentric) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis. The patient's diagnoses included microscopic polyangiitis, systemic necrotizing vasculitis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and glomerulonephritis. Environmental triggers are thought to play a role in the development of an idiopathic expression of systemic autoimmune disease. Crystalline silica exposure has been linked to rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and some of the small vessel vasculitides. DOE workers are currently able to apply for compensation under the federal Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program (EEOICP). However, the only diseases covered by EEOICP are cancers related to radiation exposure, chronic beryllium disease, and chronic silicosis.
Heberden's nodes in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: G Campion, P Dieppe, I Watt
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Etude comparative clinique et radiologique des articulations interphalangiennes chez des malades atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoide ou d'arthrose. Les resultats montrent que la polyarthrite rhumatoide n'epargne pas les articulations distales des doigts, et que la constatation de nodosites d'Heberden n'entraine pas necessairement le diagnostic d'arthrose generalisee