tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RELATION OF ACUTE POTASSIUM DEPLETION TO RENAL AMMONIUM METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS*
Authors: Juan M. Baertl, Salvatore M. Sancetta, George J. Gabuzda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Neurologic findings characteristic of the im- pending hepatic coma syndrome occur in some cir- rhotic patients treated with diuretic agents that may induce potassium losses (1-5).Even when diuretic agents are not employed, hypokalemia may be associated with this syndrome (6-8).Patients demonstrating these signs often improve after treatment with potassium salts.This result of therapy might indicate that potassium deficiency per se is a pathogenetic factor in the impending hepatic coma syndrome (9).Because of the ex- tensive evidence relating abnormalities in nitrogen metabolism to hepatic coma (10), however, it seemed possible that some derangement of ni- trogen metabolism might be associated with potassium deficiency.This hypothesis, relating potassium deficiency indirectly to the hepatic coma syndrome by an in- fluence this cation has on ammonium metabolism, provided the rationale for undertaking this in- vestigation.The relation of potassium to am- monium metabolism was studied in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites rendered acutely potassium deficient by a diuretic regimen.The results of these studies demonstrate that metabolism of ammonium by the kidney is altered in po- tassium-deficient patients and that significant quan- tities of ammonium may be delivered to the cir-
Two types of C/EBPα mutations play distinct but collaborative roles in leukemogenesis: lessons from clinical data and BMT models
Authors: Naoko Kato, Jiro Kitaura, Noriko Doki, Yukiko Komeno, Naoko Watanabe-Okochi, Katsuhiro Togami, Fumio Nakahara, Toshihiko Oki, Yutaka Enomoto, Yumi Fukuchi, Hideaki Nakajima, Yuka Harada, Hironori Harada, Toshio Kitamura
Journal: Blood (2010)
Constitutive reductions in mTOR alter cell size, immune cell development, and antibody production
Authors: Shuling Zhang, Julie A. Readinger, Wendy DuBois, Mirkka Janka-Junttila, Richard Robinson, Margaret Pruitt, Val Bliskovsky, Julie Z. Wu, Kaori Sakakibara, Jyoti Patel, Carole A. Parent, Lino Tessarollo, Pamela L. Schwartzberg, Beverly A. Mock
Journal: Blood (2010)
Measuring Surgical Outcomes for Improvement
Authors: Donald M. Berwick
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence of respiratory system remodelling in a competitive freediver: Table 1–
Authors: Leigh M. Seccombe, Christine R. Jenkins, Peter G. Rogers, Mark A. Pearson, Matthew J. Peters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

We present a healthy freediving subject with increasing lung volumes associated with repeated use of a technique used to enhance athletic performance. The repeated use of the technique over time appears to have altered respiratory system mechanics without any functionally important macroscopic lung damage, at least as evidenced by computed tomography scans and measures of gas exchange.

Glossopharyngeal insufflation (GI) employs the glossopharyngeal structures to force air into the lungs above total lung capacity (TLC). It was developed to assist patients with diaphragm weakness in the era when polio was common [1]. Competitive freedivers have modified this technique to increase lung gas prior to apnoea [2], which has proven to enhance duration, distance and depth achieved while submersed.

Lung barotrauma has been associated with GI [3, 4], which raises the possibility that use of this technique results in significant lung damage and long-term physiological impairment.

The research data from a healthy competitive freediver who practised regular GI training was reviewed. This included longitudinal respiratory function and computed tomography images.

On initial presentation in 2004, the subject was a 25-year-old male (186 cm, 90 …
Cervical Disk Lesions with Neurological Disorder
Authors: A. M. G. Campbell, D. G. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1960)

In spite of much work on cervical spondylosis in the past ten years, the published results of treatment, parti- cularly in cases of myelopathy, remain disappointing.Opinions vary regarding the right policy, from marked conservatism to radical surgery.Classification Some confusion arises from failure to distinguish between the main types of lesion found in association with cervical spondylosis in assessing results.These may be classified under four headings.
The Fc receptor on thymus-derived lymphocytes. III. Mixed lymphocyte reactivity and cell-mediated lympholytic activity of Fc- and Fc+ T lymphocytes.
Authors: R D Stout, S D Waksal, L A Herzenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The involvement of Fc- and Fc+ T cells, separated on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, in proliferative and cytotoxic responses to alloantigens was examined. The cytotoxic lymphocytes generated by in vivo exposure to allogeneic tumor cells were shown to express the Fc receptor. The proliferative responses to alloantigen exposure in mixed lymphocyte cultures was equivalent in intensity for unseparated T cells, the Fc+ T-cell fraction, and the Fc- T-cell fraction isolated from nonsensitized spleen cells. In contrast, the cytotoxic responses generated by the Fc- T-cell fraction (less than 1% Fc+) were much weaker than the cytotoxic responses generated by the Fc+ T-cell fraction (80-90% Fc+), and the responses of the Fc+ T-cell fraction were generally weaker than, or equal to the responses of unseparated T cells (Fc- T less than Fc+ T less than or equal to unseparated T). Mixtures of the Fc- and Fc+ T-cell fractions mounted stronger cytotoxic responses than the sum of the responses of either fraction alone. Examination of the Ly phenotypes of the synergizing populations revealed that the CL precursor activity (Ly-2+ T cells) resided in the Fc- T-cell population, and that the amplifier T-cell activity (Ly-1+ T cells) resided in the Fc+ T-cell population. The data are discussed in terms of T-cell heterogeneity, differentiation, and intercellular interaction.
Systemic administration of etretin increases epidermal interleukin I in the rat
Authors: ANDREA SCHMITT, C. HAUSER, LILIANE DIDIERJEAN, Y. MEROT, J.-M. DAYER, J.-H. SAURAT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

We have studied the effect of systemic administration of etretin (Ro 10–1670) on the epidermal interleukin I (ILI) pool in the rat. Hairless rats were given varying doses of etretin intraperitoneally for 21 days, or a fixed dose for 2, 8 and 16 days. Abdominal skin was taken and processed for light microscopy, autoradiography (using [3H]‐thymidine) and ILI assays. ILI was assayed in supernatants of epidermal extracts by both the lymphocyte activating factor (LAP) assay and the stimulation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from dermal fibroblasts. A significant increase in both LAF and PGE2 stimulatory activities was found during etretin administration. After 21 days’ treatment with varying doses there was a two‐ to three‐fold increase as compared to the controls, with a peak at 2 and 5 mg/kg. At a fixed dose a two‐fold increase was found after 2 days and a three‐ to four‐fold increase after 16 days; normal pretreatment values were restored 16 days after cessation of etretin. This is the first demonstration in vivo that a retinoid can modulate ILI content in a tissue. As epidermal ILI has been found to be decreased in psoriasis, its modulation by retinoids might have therapeutic significance.
Genome-wide Linkage of Forced Mid-expiratory Flow in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Dawn L. DeMeo, Juan C. Celedón, Christoph Lange, John J. Reilly, Harold A. Chapman, Jody S. Sylvia, Frank E. Speizer, Scott T. Weiss, Edwin K. Silverman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Familial aggregation of forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC (FEF(25-75%)) and FEF(25-75%)/FVC has been observed in the Boston Early-Onset Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Study, but linkage results have not been reported for these phenotypes. An autosomal whole genome-wide linkage scan was performed in 72 pedigrees ascertained through a proband with severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and linkage analyses of FEF(25-75%) and FEF(25-75%)/FVC were performed using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines. There was suggestive evidence for linkage of FEF(25-75%)/FVC with chromosome 2 (LOD 2.60 at 216 cM). In a smokers-only analysis, evidence for linkage was observed for postbronchodilator FEF(25-75%) with chromosome 12 (LOD 5.03 at 35 cM) and chromosomes 2 and 12 for FEF(25-75%)/FVC (LOD 4.12 at 221 cM and LOD 3.46 at 35 cM, respectively); in the smokers-only model, evidence for linkage also was robust for FEV(1)/FVC on chromosome 2 (LOD 4.13 at 229 cM) and FEV(1) on chromosome 12 (LOD 3.26 at 36 cM). Our analyses provide evidence for linkage of FEF(25-75%) and FEF(25-75%)/FVC on chromosomes 2q and 12p. LOD scores of greater than two were also observed for chromosomes 16, 20, and 22 with the smokers-only analysis, which may suggest gene-by-smoking interactions in these regions.
Tetanus Toxoid Encephalitis
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In his answer to the question whether encephalitis might follow an injection of tetanus toxoid (The Journal, Jan. 14, page 170) the consultant stated, "Encephalitis, however, has not been reported as a spontaneous complication of tetanus antitoxin or toxoid." This statement, perhaps, should be modified in light of a report entitled "Focal Encephalopathy After Administration of Tetanus Antitoxin" (The Journal, June 22, 1957, page 871). In the report, there is described a case of neurological complication following TAT administration, which consisted of a focal type of cerebral involvement superimposed upon what was believed to be a diffuse encephalomyelitis.
Biomimetic Calcium Carbonate Concentric Microgrooves with Tunable Widths for Promoting MC3T3‐E1 Cell Functions
Authors: Xiaohui Wu, Shanfeng Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Biomimetic, self‐assembled calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) concentric microgrooves with groove widths of 5.0 and 10 μm were fabricated through simply controlling incubation temperature. Mouse pre‐osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells were cultured on flat and microgrooved substrates of CaCO 3 and their adhesion, spreading, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium content were remarkably enhanced by the microgrooves, in particular, the narrower ones. Furthermore, focal adhesions and actin filaments of MC3T3‐E1 cells could be aligned on both 5.0‐μm and 10‐μm‐wide CaCO 3 grooves. Compared with the original round nuclei on the flat substrates and expanded round nuclei on the narrower microgrooves, the MC3T3‐E1 cell nuclei on 10‐μm‐wide CaCO 3 grooves demonstrated preferred entrapment in the grooves and significant alignment with a smaller area after two‐day culture.
Private Money—Reward of Planned Effort
Authors: Joseph C. Hinsey
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER of presentations of the requirement for additional health personnel in the years ahead and of the financial plight of the nation's 87 approved medical schools. The most recent of these isMoney and Medical Schools, which is just off the press and was prepared by the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association. To meet the forecasted needs of 12,000 entering students by 1971, our existing schools will require $78 million for rehabilitation of existing structures and $440 million for new construction. It will take $644 million for the construction of new schools. This totals $1,162,000,000 for construction alone. The annual operating costs for the schools for which this forecast is made can be estimated to be about $420,000,000 and, with the inflationary forces which are at work, could easily approach $500 million a year.  I repeat these rather staggering requirements
Beneficial effects of lamivudine in hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Dharmesh Kapoor, Rajkumar C Guptan, Salma M Wakil, Syed N Kazim, Rachna Kaul, Shri Ram Agarwal, Sheikh Raisuddin, Seyed E Hasnain, Shiv K Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
The ubiquitin ligase Peli1 negatively regulates T cell activation and prevents autoimmunity
Authors: Mikyoung Chang, Wei Jin, Jae-Hoon Chang, Yichuan Xiao, George C Brittain, Jiayi Yu, Xiaofei Zhou, Yi-Hong Wang, Xuhong Cheng, Pingwei Li, Brian A Rabinovich, Patrick Hwu, Shao-Cong Sun
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Susceptibility of dermatophyte isolates obtained from a large worldwide terbinafine tinea capitis clinical trial
Authors: M.A. Ghannoum, L.A. Wraith, B. Cai, J. Nyirady, N. Isham
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Our group, in collaboration with seven other laboratories, has recently developed a method to determine the susceptibility of dermatophytes.The objective of this study was to determine the terbinafine susceptibility profile of dermatophyte isolates obtained from patients with tinea capitis enrolled in two large worldwide clinical trials and to investigate whether these susceptibilities differ by geographical location. Methods Susceptibilities were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2 standard.From a total of 978 baseline dermatophyte isolates, we selected 301 isolates at random. These included: Trichophyton tonsurans (n = 125), Microsporum canis (n = 94), T. violaceum (n = 63) and M. audouinii (n = 19). The terbinafine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range was 0.001-0.25 microg mL(-1), while MIC(50) and MIC(90) ranged between 0.002 and 0.125 microg mL(-1) and 0.03 and 0.25 microg mL(-1), respectively, for all species tested. MIC(50) and MIC(90) varied by individual species; however, there was no difference in terbinafine MIC among the different species isolated from U.S. and non-U.S. sites.Terbinafine demonstrates potent antifungal activity against dermatophyte isolates obtained from patients with tinea capitis worldwide.
THE APPLE SCORE: A NOVEL AND SIMPLE SCORE FOR THE PREDICTION OF RHYTHM OUTCOMES AFTER CATHETER ABLATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Jelena Kornej, Gerhard Hindricks, Moore Shoemaker, Daniela Husser, Arash Arya, Philipp Sommer, Pablo Saavedra, Arvindh Kanagasundram, Patrick Whalen, Jay Montgomery, Christopher Ellis, Dawood Darbar, Andreas Bollmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Reply to the comment on ?Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia? by Betrosian et al. - The treatment of severe hemorrhage in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in serious illness
Authors: J. P. J. Wester, F. J. L. M. Haas, D. H. Biesma, J. A. Leusink, G. Veth
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Sex hormones, autoimmune diseases, and immune responses.
Authors: A M Denman
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Maybe part of the answer to the riddle of the urethral syndrome lies in some micro-organism as yet undiscovered.After all, Legionella pneumophila, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Helicobacter pylon were unknown pathogens 15 years ago.The urethral syndrome is common and distressing and causes much unhappiness.It inevitably results in the overuse of antibiotics and proliferation of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.It deserves more thorough investigation than it has received in the past.
Is the iron donor lipocalin 2 implicated in the pathophysiology of hereditary hemochromatosis?
Authors: Hua Huang, Shizuo Akira, Manuela M. Santos
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Under normal conditions, iron is taken up by the cells through the transferrin-mediated pathway. However, in hereditary hemochromatosis, a common iron-overloading disorder associated with mutations in the HFE gene, iron in plasma exceeds transferrin-binding capacity, and non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) appears in the circulation of patients with iron overload. NTBI can be taken up by hepatocytes through a transferrin-independent pathway. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), a secreted protein of the lipocalin family, has emerged as the mediator of an alternative, transferrin-independent pathway for cellular iron delivery. To evaluate the importance of Lcn2 in the pathogenesis of hepatic iron loading in Hfe knockout mice, we generated HfeLcn2 double-deficient mice. Our studies revealed that deletion of Lcn2 in Hfe-knockout mice does not influence hepatic iron accumulation in Hfe(-/-) mice, or their response to iron loading, as the phenotype of HfeLcn2(-/-) mice remained indistinguishable from that of Hfe(-/-) mice.Lcn2 is not essential for iron delivery to hepatocytes in hemochromatosis.
Hospitals should tell police about knife wounds, says GMC
Authors: L. Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors should tell the police when a patient comes to hospital with a knife wound that is likely to have been inflicted by someone else, says interim guidance from the General Medical Council and the Department of Health.

If the wound was unintentional or self inflicted, the police don’t need to be told, the guidance says. But where there is any doubt about how the injury might have happened, clinical staff should consult with an experienced colleague for advice, it recommends.

Speedy reporting could prevent further harm, including a further attack on the patient, staff, …
Neurotrophin-3 production promotes human neuroblastoma cell survival by inhibiting TrkC-induced apoptosis
Authors: Jimena Bouzas-Rodriguez, Jorge Ruben Cabrera, Céline Delloye-Bourgeois, Gabriel Ichim, Jean-Guy Delcros, Marie-Anne Raquin, Raphaël Rousseau, Valérie Combaret, Jean Bénard, Servane Tauszig-Delamasure, Patrick Mehlen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor C (TrkC) is a neurotrophin receptor with tyrosine kinase activity that was expected to be oncogenic. However, it has several characteristics of a tumor suppressor: its expression in tumors has often been associated with good prognosis; and it was recently demonstrated to be a dependence receptor, transducing different positive signals in the presence of ligand but inducing apoptosis in the absence of ligand. Here we show that the TrkC ligand neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is upregulated in a large fraction of aggressive human neuroblastomas (NBs) and that it blocks TrkC-induced apoptosis of human NB cell lines, consistent with the idea that TrkC is a dependence receptor. Functionally, both siRNA knockdown of NT-3 expression and incubation with a TrkC-specific blocking antibody triggered apoptosis in human NB cell lines. Importantly, disruption of the NT-3 autocrine loop in malignant human neuroblasts triggered in vitro NB cell death and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in both a chick and a mouse xenograft model. Thus, we believe that our data suggest that NT-3/TrkC disruption is a putative alternative targeted therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NB.
Impact of Gallbladder Status on the Outcome in Patients with Retained Bile Duct Stones Treated with Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy
Authors: H. E. Adamek, V. Kudis, R. Jakobs, A. Buttmann, M. U. Adamek, J. F. Riemann
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: The use of endoscopic therapy in combination with lithotripsy techniques has become increasingly common in patients with complicated common bile duct stones. In many units, although this is controversial, cholecystectomy is then performed, because of possible subsequent cholecystitis and recurrence of choledocholithiasis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gallbladder status influences the long-term outcome in patients after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) of common bile duct stones. Patients and Methods: Recruited for the study were 120 patients with an average age of 68 years (range 28 - 86). They were selected from 137 consecutive patients who presented to our department between January 1989 and June 1996 with complicated common bile duct stones, and in whom ESWL was necessary to achieve complete clearance of stones. Follow-up data were obtained from the patients and their general practitioners. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was 4 years (range 3 - 9). A total of 37 patients had their gallbladder in situ (group A), while 83 had undergone cholecystectomy. Of these 83 patients, 27 had had a cholecystectomy after ESWL (group B), whereas 56 patients had already had the gallbladder removed when choledocholithiasis was diagnosed (group C). During follow-up, 36 patients (30 %) experienced some biliary symptoms. There were no significant differences in the incidence of recurrent biliary symptoms between the three groups. Re-exploration of the bile duct by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed 28 cases of recurrent bile duct stones. Recurrence developed more often in groups B and C, who had undergone cholecystectomy, without reaching statistical significance (P = 0.077). In patients with an intact gallbladder (group A), there was no difference in the rate of recurrent biliary symptoms or stones between the patients with or without cholecystolithiasis. Operations were necessary in 28 patients; in only ten was this for biliary reasons. Conclusion: The intact gallbladder is not a risk factor for recurrent biliary complications after ESWL of common bile duct stones; therefore, as far as patients with complicated bile duct stones which require additional lithotripsy techniques are concerned, elective cholecystectomy after endoscopic clearance of the bile duct no longer seems appropriate.
Doctor at Dien-Bien-Phu
Authors: Robert M Bruce-Chwatt, Richmond, Surrey
Journal: BMJ (2008)

This medical Calvary begins in the small town of Dien-Bien-Phu in northeast Vietnam in February 1954, towards the end of the first Indochina war between French Union forces and Vietnamese communist forces. Dr Paul Grauwin, waiting for a transport ship back to France, volunteers to spend two weeks with the garrison at Dien-Bien-Phu. He flies in and is then trapped, by the military situation and by the desperate moral situation of attending to the medical needs of the injured and dying. Viet Minh leader General Giap uses classic siege tactics to surround and overwhelm the French. As the outer …