tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isovolumic loading prevents atrophy of the heterotopically transplanted rat heart.
Authors: I Klein, C Hong, S S Schreiber
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Heterotopically (infrarenal) transplanted cardiac isografts are histologically normal, spontaneously beating, hemodynamically unloaded hearts that undergo rapid and predictable atrophy. To study the factors that regulate cardiac growth we examined the effect of left ventricular (LV) isovolumic balloon placement on the weight, in vitro protein synthesis rate, and LV RNA content of the transplanted heart. At day 0 the donor LV weight was 367 +/- 8 mg, which decreased to 226 +/- 14 mg (p less than 0.001) after transplantation. Isovolumic loading with a latex balloon (volume, 111 +/- 10 microliters) significantly increased the LV weight of the transplanted heart to 397 +/- 13 mg when compared with that of the unloaded heart 14 days after surgery and prevented the atrophy when compared with the LV weight at day 0. Sham-loaded transplants had LV weights of 256 +/- 17 mg, which did not differ from the LV weight of unloaded transplanted hearts. Protein synthesis rates (nmol lysine/LV/hr) and total LV RNA and LV 18S RNA content were significantly greater in the balloon-loaded hearts when compared with the unloaded isografts and returned to levels similar to those measured in the in situ hearts. The ability of isovolumic loading of the LV to prevent atrophy via increased protein synthesis and the maintenance of LV RNA in the heterotopically transplanted heart further supports the important role of cardiac work in the regulation of cardiac growth.
Abstract P6-12-04: Patterns of Trastuzumab-Based Treatment in Advanced Breast Cancer — Results from a Large GERMAN Non-Interventional Study
Authors: C Jackisch, A Hinke, W Schoenegg, U Soeling, M Stauch, G Thomas, W Kuehn, K Gerhard, D. Reichert
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: In an ongoing, prospective observation study, treatment pattern of HER2 antibody-based treatment in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in clinical routine is evaluated in Germany since 2001. Material and methods: A total of 1.687 patients (pts), presenting with Her2neu overexpressing MBC either pretreated (39%) or naïve to palliative chemotherapy (CT), were recorded in 202 German institutions. The median duration of fully documented therapy was 51 weeks. Additional information on trastuzumab (T) treatment beyond progression (TBP) was retrieved, as well as long-term outcomes, progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS) in a subgroup of 940 pts, in which the treatment documentation had been finalized before July 2007. Results: According to the most recent recommendations the majority of pts received T concurrently with chemotherapy (74%), 14% received T in combination with endocrine therapy (ETO). and 12% T as single agent therapy (SAT). In a multivariate logistic model, the choice of a non-cytotoxic regimen (ETO/SAT) was independently associated with the following pts characteristics: no visceral metastasis (p = 0.0000002), and positive hormone receptor status (p = 0.0018), while higher patient age (&amp;gt; 65 y) (p = 0.061), and number of metastatic sites &amp;lt; 2 showed a clear trend. No major correlation was observed between administration of cytotoxic treatment and relapse-free interval after initial diagnosis of breast cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant hormone therapy, and metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. After a median follow-up of more than 30 months (mo), median PFS (840 events) was 11.1, 9.9 and 19.1 mo and median OS (530 deaths) was 32.7, 39.6 and 48.8 mo in the CT, SAT and ETO group, respectively. Overall best response rates were 64%, 47%, and 45%. Trastuzumab TBP was applied with a growing tendency over time and could be analyzed in a subgroup of 376 first-line patients with progression within approximately one year. The prolongation of trastuzumab remains to be strongly associated with longer survival after first progression in this updated analysis (medians: 15.1 vs. 20.6 mo; HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49 - 0.88; p = 0.0045). Conclusion: This large non-interventional trial reveals that 74% of all included patients were treated with trastuzumab plus CT which is considered standard of care for 1stline HER2+ MBC. The decision for not choosing a CT-based regimen was associated with good prognostic factors (no visceral metastasis, positive hormone receptor status, only one metastatic site) or higher age. Trastuzumab beyond progression is used increasingly in routine clinical practice and results in a prolonged survival. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-12-04.
Topical FK506: a potent immunotherapy for alopecia areata? Studies using the Dundee experimental bald rat model
Authors: K.J. McELWEE, D.H. RUSHTON, R. TRACHY, R.F. OLIVER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Topical FK506: a potent immunotherapy for alopecia areata? Studies using the Dundee experimental bald rat model Get access K.J. McELWEE, K.J. McELWEE Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.H. RUSHTON, D.H. RUSHTON School of Pharmacy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. TRACHY, R. TRACHY ProCyte Corporation, Kirkland. WA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.F. OLIVER R.F. OLIVER Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, U.K. Dr R.F. Oliver. This work was presented in part at the European Hair Reasearch Society Meeting. Brussels, October 1995. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 4, 1 October 1997, Pages 491–497, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03777.x Published: 01 October 1997 Article history Accepted: 02 May 1997 Published: 01 October 1997
Severity assessment in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: S. Ewig, H. Schafer, A Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

In current guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the triaging decision about hospitalization or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and, as a consequence, selection of initial antimicrobial treatment is largely based on the assessment of pneumonia severity. The proposed severity criteria are mainly derived from studies determining predictors of adverse outcome. These include age, male sex, comorbidity, acute respiratory failure, severe sepsis and septic shock, extension of radiographic infiltrates, bacteraemia and CAP through several different pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative enteric bacilli (GNEB), and signs of disease progression within the first 48-72 h. In addition, prediction rules and need for a complicated course in ambulatory and hospitalized patients, for the individual risk of death have been developed which may be helpful in determining the patient who might require hospitalization or intensive care, respectively. Risk classifications such as the scores developed by FINE et al. [40] are not only useful for identifying low risk patients who might safely be treated as outpatients, but apparently they will also play a major role in the evaluation of processes and outcomes of care for patients with CAP. Recent investigations have provided objective criteria for the definition of severe CAP requiring ICU admission. Whether the detection of infiltrates in the chest radiographs of patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) suggestive of mild pneumonia has an independent prognostic impact which fundamentally affects the concept of mild LRTI remains to be seen. Based on objective criteria for severity assessment it will be possible to define interventions aimed at reducing hospital admission rates, define a risk-adapted antimicrobial treatment regimen, reduce costs for antimicrobial treatment and supportive measures, shorten hospital stay, and, thereby, improve the quality of care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
A Semiquantitative Cortical Circumferential Normalization Method for Clinical Evaluation of rCBF Brain SPECT
Authors: HONG-GANG LIU, JAMES M. MOUNTZ, CHAKRI INAMPUDI, ELMER C. SAN PEDRO, GEORG DEUTSCH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

The authors studied 33 normal patients who ranged in age from 8 to 71 years to establish a normative data base for young-age, middle-age, and older-age subjects using a computer automated semi-quantitative cortical annular region of interest (ROI) method. The data were grouped to obtain a "young age-range" normative data base of mean age ± 1 S.D. = 13.1 ± 4.8 years (seven subjects with an age range of 6 to 20 years); a "middle age-range" normative data base of mean age ± 1 S.D. = 39 ± 2.7 years (12 subjects with an age range of 35 to 43 years); and an "older age-range" normative data base of mean age ± 1 S.D. = 59.7 ± 5.8 years (14 subjects with an age range of 55 to 71 years). Normative values were obtained for brain level parallel to and positioned at 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5 cm above the canthomeatal (CM) line. The results show that the average global rCBF indices (defined as cortical/cerebellar ratios) for the young age-range group were 0.98, 0.99, 1.07; middle age-range group were 0.84, 0.86 and 0.88; and older age-range group were 0.88, 0.87 and 0.87 for CM + 3.5 cm, CM + 5.5 cm, and CM + 7.5 cm, respectively. In routine clinical studies, on more than 2,000 Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT scans, the authors have employed this semi-quantitative cortical circumferential normalization method of analysis to accurately calculate indices representing cortical blood flow values. This method also allows efficient comparison of individual patient values to age-range matched normal control groups to assist in disease diagnosis.
An epidural service.
Authors: J S Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ipecacuanha (mean time to Voomit, 17 min) and a further 20% vomited after the second dose of the syrup (mean time to vomit, 36 min after first dose), making a total response of 960,, in this group.There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients vomit- ing between the 15-and 30-ml dose groups.Our results indicate that syrup of ipecacuanha is indeed an effectivxe treatment for poisoning in adults and must be regarded as a useful and often more convenient and safer alternative to gastric lavage.It should, how- ever, be emphasised that ipecacuanha syrup is contraindicated for comatose patients and also for those patients who have ingested corrosive substances or petroleum distillates.
A Reversible Nephrotic Syndrome Associated with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: W. RICHARD BURACK, JACK PRYCE, JOHN F. GOODWIN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Attention is drawn to the occurrence of the nephrotic syndrome during chronic heart failure and to its reversibility over a period of months on a regimen of digitalis, lowsalt diet, and weekly, parenterally administered, mercurial diuretics. It is therefore concluded that the nephrotic syndrome was not caused by mercurial diuretics and is not a contraindication to their use. Reference is made to the poorly understood phenomenon of proteinuria in heart failure and its possible relationship to these cases.
NEW IRIS-SCISSORS
Authors: Frederick Frisch
Journal: JAMA (1913)

For all eye operations in which scissors are used, it is desirable to have the hand in such a position that it may be steadied by resting the little finger, or both the fourth and the fifth finger, on the temple or other parts of the face. This is most necessary in iridectomy, and de Wecker had this idea in mind when he invented his iris-scissors. With the ordinary scissors the hand is suspended in mid-air, without a support, and in an awkward position. In order to obviate this, I have bent the scissor-handles in such a manner that the hand can hold the scissors in a natural position, as we hold a pen. The principal advanages of these scissors are (1) that it is always possible and convenient to support the hand as we do with all other instruments, while using them for delicate operations, and (2) that
CONVALESCENT SERUM IN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: George Draper
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Dec. 19, 1925, appeared a letter from Dr. Kenelm Winslow, Seattle, taking exception to some of the statements in my letter to The Journal on the subject of human serum in the treatment of acute poliomyelitis, September 26. My reason for writing again is to call attention to the unfortunate incomplete and consequent misquotation of one sentence from my letter. In the fourth paragraph of Dr. Winslow's letter, he quotes me as stating that "no one has ever produced infantile paralysis in monkeys." If Dr. Winslow will look once more at my letter he will see that the sentence actually reads as follows: "This serum does not neutralize a virus which is capable of producing the experimental disease in monkeys: nor has any one ever produced infantile paralysis in monkeys with any streptococcus." It is unfortunate that Dr. Winslow permitted this misstatement to occur,
On the consequences of model misspecification in logistic regression.
Authors: M D Begg, S Lagakos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Logistic regression models are commonly used to study the association between a binary response variable and an exposure variable. Besides the exposure of interest, other covariates are frequently included in the fitted model in order to control for their effects on outcome. Unfortunately, misspecification of the main exposure variable and the other covariates is not uncommon, and this can adversely affect tests of the association between the exposure and response. We allow the term
Expired Nitric Oxide and Airway Obstruction in Asthma Patients with an Acute Exacerbation
Authors: SCOTT E. CRATER, EDWARD J. PETERS, MARCUS L. MARTIN, ANDREW W. MURPHY, THOMAS A. E. PLATTS-MILLS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Expired nitric oxide (eNO) is a marker of airway inflammation that is increased in asthma. The present study was undertaken to examine the clinical utility of eNO as an aid in the assessment of asthma in the emergency department (ED). Fifty-two adult patients with acute asthma, 53 age- and sex-matched controls, and eight patients with stable asthma were enrolled. Subjects performed spirometry, their eosinophil counts and serum total IgE were measured, and a sample of mixed VC expirate was collected for measurement of NO. Mixed expired NO was 8.2 +/- 0.5 ppb in controls, 8.8 +/- 1.5 ppb in patients with stable asthma, and 15.0 +/- 1.0 ppb in patients with acute asthma. A significant difference in eNO was observed in patients with acute asthma and controls (p < 0.001). Twenty-three of the 52 patients with acute asthma versus two of 53 controls had an eNO >/= 15 ppb (p < 0.001). Expired NO concentration correlated with FEV1% (r = -0.42, p < 0.001) and with the peripheral blood eosinophil count (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) in the group of 60 patients with acute and stable asthma. The sensitivity of eNO > 10 ppb and eosinophilia (> 200 cells/microliter) was 90% in predicting airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC < 0. 8). No relationship of eNO was found to serum IgE, self- reported smoking, or glucocorticoid use. Measurement of eNO is a promising clinical tool for assessing acute asthma.
Gene patent ruling could thwart research, experts fear
Authors: D. Brill
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Private companies can hold patents over human genes once they have been isolated from the body, according to a landmark ruling by the Australian Federal Court.

The judgment, which upheld Myriad Genetics’s—a US based molecular diagnostics company—patent on the BRCA1 gene, could have far reaching implications for genetics in Australia. Experts fear it could hamper access to genetic testing, drive up costs, and stymie future research.

Gene patents have come under increasing scrutiny in recent years in Australia, but their validity had not been previously tested in court.

The case was brought by Cancer Voices Australia, a patient advocacy group, and Yvonne D’Arcy, a 66 …
Antibodies to nuclear antigens in polymyositis: relationship to autoimmune 'overlap syndromes' and carcinoma.
Authors: P.J Venables, P.A Mumford, R.N Maini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Thirty-two patients with polymyositis were categorised into 4 groups: (1) 'pure' polymyositis, (2) dermatomyositis, (3) myositis associated with autoimmune 'overlap syndrome', and (4) those with associated malignancy. Serum from each patient was examined for a range of antinuclear antibodies. Seventeen patients had ANA detected by immunofluorescence, 18 patients had raised DNA binding (greater than 25 U/ml), of whom eight had levels greater than 50 U/ml (SI conversion: U/l = U/ml x 10(3)). Antibodies to soluble nuclear antigens were detected in 23 (72%) by 1 or more of 3 methods, and in all of these anti-RNP was the main antibody detected. Antibodies to other soluble antigens were also present in 6 sera. In 2 cases, both patients with SLE/myositis overlap, these were shown to be anti-Sm. The remaining 4 had antibodies to various protein components of the extracts, but it was not possible to demonstrate an antibody of diagnostic specificity for polymyositis. Furthermore, quantitation of anti-RNP and anti-DNA antibodies failed to define a distinct clinical entity or exclude malignant disease. High levels of anti-RNP antibodies showed an association with Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and pulmonary fibrosis and an inverse correlation with the rash of dermatomyositis, suggesting that this antibody may be of pathogenetic rather than diagnostic significance.
Effect of Hypertension on Mortality in Pima Indians
Authors: Maurice L. Sievers, Peter H. Bennett, Janine Roumain, Robert G. Nelson
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The effect of hypertension on mortality was examined in 5284 Pima Indians, 1698 of whom had type 2 diabetes at baseline or developed it during follow-up. Methods and Results —During a median follow-up of 12.2 years (range, 0.01 to 24.8 years), 470 nondiabetic subjects and 488 diabetic subjects died. In the nondiabetic subjects, 45 of the deaths were due to cardiovascular disease, 208 to other natural causes, and 217 to external causes; in the diabetic subjects, 106 of the deaths were due to cardiovascular disease, 85 to diabetic nephropathy, 226 to other natural causes, and 71 to external causes. In the nondiabetic subjects, after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and serum cholesterol concentration in a proportional hazards model, hypertension predicted death from cardiovascular disease (death rate ratio [DRR]=2.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 5.6; P =0.003). In the diabetic subjects, after additional adjustment for duration of diabetes, plasma glucose concentration, and proteinuria, hypertension strongly predicted deaths from diabetic nephropathy (DRR=3.5; 95% CI, 1.7 to 7.2; P &lt;0.001), but it had little effect on deaths from cardiovascular disease (DRR=1.4; 95% CI, 0.88 to 2.3; P =0.15). Conclusions —We propose that the weak relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular disease in diabetic Pima Indians is not because of a diminished effect of hypertension on cardiovascular disease in diabetes, but because of a relatively greater effect of hypertension on the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Factors that may account for this finding in Pima Indians include a younger age at onset of type 2 diabetes, a low frequency of heavy smoking, favorable lipoprotein profiles and, possibly, enhanced susceptibility to renal disease.
27 SORAFENIB IN UNRESECTABLE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND ADVANCED LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M. Pinter, W. Sieghart, I. Graziadei, W. Vogel, R. Koenigsberg, A. Weissmann, G. Kornek, M. Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
ACS Sets Blueprint for Action Against Prostate Cancer in African Americans
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Three Demonstrations ON CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF PALATE, FACE, AND NECK: Given at the Royal College of Surgeons, England
Authors: A. Keith
Journal: BMJ (1909)

day and beein discarded, but not so the isolation and its concomitants.This probably is the result of -the blind acceptance of principles founded on religious belief.And the question naturally arises, Is there more reason for the latter than the former?Are the fads of Mauriceau or Diones any worse or based on any less secure founda- tion than the fetish of a despotic priesthood ?Are we as a progressive profession blindly to accept the practice of the latter merely on account of its antiquity or its religious origin, without any investigation from a scientific aspect ?Surely not I It is in this attitude I have ventured to bring this important subject before the society for discussion.I know I am sailing in dangerous proximity to an explosive mine loaded with tradition, prejudice, and supersti- tion, the products of an ancient mystic empiricism, and sentiment; but I feel if one's armour be truly tempered with the modern improvements of physical and physiological science and practical experience, its most violent explosion can only result in a passing noise.Changes in ancient customs, like hereditary attributes, are difflcult to vary, andn must be slowly attempted.The profession and the public cannot be expected suddenly to alter the teachings of their childhood.The instant adop- tion of a reformation such as I propose cannot be expected.Like the breaking of morphine or other habits, i-t must be gradual; but I feel convinced, both from practical proof and scientific reasoning, that a great change is bound to come in our treatment of puerperal women.Unless there is valid reason founded on a scien- tific and practical basis, it seems to me unbefitting of a learned profession such as ours to condemn them to an enforced tedious convalescence, the whole object of which resolves itself into the maintenance of an ancient mystic custom of so-called "cleansing."Theoretically it rests only on precept founded on empiricism; practically it has no foundation whataver, so far as my experience shows.It is a subject the importance of which cannot be over- estimated.It demands mature consideration from a rational aspect.I feel, therefore, that no apology is required for bringing it before the society for serious discussion.