tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical detection of transforming growth factor-β1 in fibrotic liver diseases
Authors: Peter Nagy, Zsuzsa Schaff, Károly Lapis
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 was localized by means of immunohistochemical reaction in liver biopsy specimens taken from patients having different chronic liver diseases with extending fibrosis. Two polyclonal antibodies that were produced in rabbits were directed against the amino terminal of transforming growth factor-beta 1. Staining by anti-CC(1-30) was primarily extracellular and located in the portal and periportal fibrotic areas of all seven cases with chronic active hepatitis. No staining was noted in the four chronic persistent cases studied. A strong reaction was seen with the antibody in nine of the ten cirrhotic samples, whereas it was negative in one inactive cirrhosis case and in all five cases with normal liver histological findings. No positive staining could be detected by the anti-LC(1-30) in any of the liver tissues. Detection of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in active liver diseases at the site of fibrosis suggests that transforming growth factor-beta 1 might have a role in the process and progression of fibrosis during the development of the disease.
Further studies of the frequency and significance of the Tgamma-chain of human fetal hemoglobin.
Authors: W A Schroeder, T H Huisman, G D Efremov, J R Shelton, J B Shelton, R Phillips, A Reese, M Gravely, J M Harrison, H Lam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

A further study of the Tgamma-chain in a variety of conditions has revealed its presence in the cord bloods of ethnic groups previously unstudied. Heterozygous newborn average 17-19% Tgamma-chain while the mean value in four presumed homozygotes was 31%. The Tgamma-chain is readily detectable in beta-thalassemia of various ethnic groups (although infrequent in Blacks) as well as in deltabeta-thalassemia. Studies of a few families have provided an opportunity to determine whether or not certain individuals are heterozygous or homozygous for the Tgamma-gene. The Tgamma-chain has not been detected in the human fetal hemoglobin that is synthesized in increased amounts in persons with the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Although the Tgamma-chain is detectable in sickle cell anemia, its frequency appears to be lower than in normal individuals. By focusing upon the relationship of the percentage of Tgamma-chain to the sources of human fetal globulin from determinants in cis and in trans, the conclusion has been reached that the Tgamma-chain is the product of a mutant Agamma-locus which should be named the TAgamma-chain.
RISK FACTORS FOR PROGRESSION OF MITRAL ANNULUS CALCIFICATION: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Sammy Elmariah, Matthew Budoff, Joseph AC Delaney, Khurram Nasir, Yasmin Hamirani, Richard Kronmal, Valentin Fuster, Jonathan Halperin, Kevin O&apos;Brien
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Psycho-physiological analysis of an aerobic dance programme for women
Authors: Kathleen A. Rockefeller, E. J. Burke
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1979)

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the energy cost and (2) the psycho-physiological effects of an aerobic dance programme in young women. Twenty-one college-age women participated 40 minutes a day, three days a week, for a 10-week training period. Each work session included a five-minute warm-up period, a 30-minute stimulus period (including walk-runs) and a five-minute cool-down period. During the last four weeks of the training period, the following parameters were monitored in six of the subjects during two consecutive sessions: perceived exertion (RPE) utilising the Borg 6-20 scale, Mean = 13.19; heart rate (HR) monitored at regular intervals during the training session, Mean = 166.37; and estimated caloric expenditure based on measured oxygen consumption (V̇O 2 ) utilising a Kofranyi-Michaelis respirometer, Mean = 289.32. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) computed between pre and post tests for the six dependent variables revealed a significant approximate F-ratio of 5.72 (p &lt;.05). Univariate t-test analysis of mean changes revealed significant pre-post test differences for V̇O 2 max expressed in ml/kg min -1 , maximal pulmonary ventilation, maximal working capacity on the bicycle ergometer, submaximal HR and submaximal RPE. Body weight was not significantly altered. It was concluded that the aerobic dance training programme employed was of sufficient intensity to elicit significant physiological and psycho-physiological alterations in college-age women.
Abstract 3662: Involvement Of The Small Gtpase Rap1 In Integrin Signaling In Endothelial Cells And Postnatal Neovascularization
Authors: Guillaume Carmona, Alessia Orlandi, Henschler Reinhard, Andreas. M Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler, Emmanouil Chavakis
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Ras associated protein 1 (Rap1), a small GTPase of the Ras family, has attracted much attention because of its involvement in several aspects of cell adhesion, including integrin- and cadherin-mediated adhesion. Yet, the role of Rap1 genes for integrin signaling in endothelial cells (EC) and angiogenesis has not been investigated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express Rap1a and Rap1b mRNA as assessed by RT-PCR. In order to determine the contribution of Rap1 activity for angiogenesis, we overexpressed Rap1GAP1, a GTPase activating protein, which specifically inhibits the activity of both Rap1a and Rap1b. Overexpression of Rap1GAP1 led to a significant inhibition of angiogenic sprouting of HUVEC under basal conditions and bFGF stimulation by 44 ± 5 % in a 3-dimensional spheroidal system and blocked tube formation in a matrigel assay, migration and adhesion. In order to separately investigate the role of Rap1a and Rap1b genes in angiogenesis, we performed gene silencing with siRNA. Silencing of either Rap1a or Rap1b significantly and additively blocked the sprouting of HUVEC under basal and bFGF-stimulated conditions (Rap1a-siRNA: 55 ± 5 %, Rap1b-siRNA: 61 ± 9 % and Rap1a+Rap1b siRNA: 73 ± 5% inhibition) and significantly reduced HUVEC migration and adhesion on fibronectin and collagen. Moreover, silencing of Rap1a and Rap1b reduced beta1-integrin affinity in HUVEC, suggesting the importance of Rap1a and Rap1b for inside-out integrin activation in EC. In addition, silencing of Rap1a and Rap1b prevented VEGF-induced PKB/Akt1 activation. These data prompted us to investigate the in vivo role of Rap1a using Rap1a-deficient mice. Interestingly, Rap1a −/− mice are born with a substantially reduced mendelian ratio. Rap1a +/− heterozygote mice displayed decreased microvessel density in comparison to wild-type mice (Rap1a +/+ ) in a matrigel plug assay. Moreover Rap1a +/− and Rap1a −/− displayed significantly reduced microvessel density in ischemic muscles in the model of hind limb ischemia in comparison to wild-type mice (Rap1a +/− : 32 ± 3 % ; Rap1a −/− : 43 ± 3 % inhibition). Thus, our data demonstrated a critical role of Rap1 in the regulation of β1-integrin signaling in endothelial cells and for postnatal neovascularization.
Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Mass and Electrolyte Intake Predict Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Giovanni de Simone, Richard B. Devereux, Mary J. Roman, Yvette Schlussel, Michael H. Alderman, John H. Laragh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To identify predictors of arterial hypertension. Patients: One hundred thirty-two normotensive adults from a large employed population. Methods: Echocardiography, standard blood tests, and 24-hour urine collection, at baseline and after an interval of 3 to 6 years (mean, 4.7 ± 0.8 years). Results: At follow-up, 15 subjects (11%; 7 men, 8 women) had a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg or both (mean, 143 ± 7 and 87 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively). At baseline, subjects who developed hypertension had a greater left ventricular mass index than those who did not (92 ± 25 compared with 77 ± 19 g/m2 body surface area; P < 0.005) and higher 24-hour urinary sodium/potassium excretion ratio (3.6 ± 1.7 compared with 2.6 ± 1.4; P < 0.04); there were no differences in race, initial age, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, coronary risk factors, or plasma renin activity. The likelihood of developing hypertension rose from 3% in the lowest quartile of sex-adjusted left ventricular mass index to 24% in the highest quartile (P < 0.005); a parallel trend was less regular for quartiles of the sodium/potassium excretion ratio (P < 0.04). In multivariate analyses, follow-up systolic pressures in all subjects and in the 117 who remained normotensive were predicted by initial age, systolic blood pressure, black race, and sex-adjusted left ventricular mass index; final diastolic blood pressure was predicted by its initial value, plasma triglyceride levels, urinary sodium/potassium ratio, low renin activity, black race, and plasma glucose level. Conclusions: Echocardiographic left ventricular mass in normotensive adults is directly related to the risk for developing subsequent hypertension. Left ventricular mass improves prediction of future systolic pressure, whereas diastolic pressure is more related to initial metabolic status. Black race is also an independent determinant of higher subsequent blood pressure.
Change in skin thickness associated with cheiroarthropathy in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: A Collier, D M Matthews, H A Kellett, B F Clarke, J A Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1986)

ing to a changed risk of complications.With such an approach a prospective short term study in a limited number of patients will yield valuable information for longer trials.In the present study no significant changes in antithrombin III concentra- tions occurred during treatment with a depot preparation of an agonist of luteinising hormone releasing hormone.This indicates that the treatment does not aggravate the risk of thromboembolism in the same way as oestrogens do.Limited clinical observations also suggested that treatment with the agonist is associated with fewer undesirable cardiovascular side effects than treatment with oestrogens.5There are probably no indications for stopping treatment with the agonist before major surgery, as is recommended with oestrogen treatment.
A Death from Vomiting.
Authors: I. S. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Washington, D. C. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice in your "Philadelphia Notes" of Dec. 14 reference to case of death following a violent attack of sneezing. The case was reported by Dr. Morton at the December meeting of the Academy of Surgery. Permit me to briefly relate a case of death from vomiting during an attack of influenza (la grippe). The patient, a man of nearly seventy years, had "dyspepsia" with symptoms of "liver disease," with occasional hematemosis. During many years he had taken large quantities of bicarbonate of soda for the relief of so-called dyspepsia. During a violent attack of vomiting he felt something "give way," as he expressed it, and at once the vomiting ceased. The writer could not see the patient for several hours after the vomiting ceased; his condition in the meantime was rapidly growing serious. Great pain in the epigastrium extending rapidly over the abdomen.
Impaired osteoblast function in osteoporosis: comparison between calcium balance and dynamic histomorphometry.
Authors: M Arlot, C Edouard, P J Meunier, R M Neer, J Reeve
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Osteoblast function was investigated in 27 patients with idiopathic osteoporosis. Transiliac bone biopsy specimens were taken after double labelling with tetracycline, and metabolic calcium balance was studied almost simultaneously. Many of the patients showed poor double labelling of their otherwise unremarkable trabecular osteoid, suggesting impaired formation of bone at many of these surfaces. This phenomenon was not accompanied by increased width of osteoid seams (as seen in osteomalacia), indicating that formation of the matrix and its mineralisation were in equilibrium. For the first time, highly significant positive correlations (p less than 0.01) were found between indices of bone formation, determined by labelling with tetracycline, and calcium balance. Thus some patients with osteoporosis who are rapidly losing bone have low rates of formation of trabecular bone both by individual osteoblasts and in relation to available bone surfaces. As histological indices of bone resorption also independently correlated strongly and inversely (p less than 0.01) with calcium balance the rate of initiation of new basic multicellular units by osteoclastic resorption of trabecular surfaces (or the depth of resorption at these surfaces) also appears to be an important determinant of mineral balance. The mechanisms that regulate the effective life span of mature osteoblasts require further investigation, particularly as some promising treatments that can increase trabecular bone volume in osteoporosis, such as parathyroid peptide hPTH (1-34) and sodium fluoride, must work through a reversal of osteoblastic depression.
On Being a Doctor
Authors: V. Warren
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Objectives</h3> A growing number of patients with cancer are older adults. We sought to identify the predictors for overall survival (OS) in older adults with solid tumour and haematological malignancies between January 2013 and December 2016. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective cohort study. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed, with a median follow-up of 12.8 months. Analysis: univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> In this study, among the 455 patients with last follow-up date or date of death, 152 (33.4%) died during the follow-up. The median follow-up is 12.8 months (range 0.2–51.1 months) and the median OS is 20.5 months (range 0.3–44.5 months). Among all older patients with cancer, predictors of OS included male gender, cancer stage, malnutrition, history of smoking, heavy alcohol use, frailty, weight loss, major depression, low body weight and nursing home residence. Traditional performance scores (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS)) were predictors of OS. Independent predictors included age &gt;85 years and haematological malignancies. Among solid tumours (n=311) in addition to the above predictors, comorbidity, gait speed and vitamin D deficiency were associated with OS. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We identified specific geriatric factors associated with OS in older patients with cancer, and comparable in predictive ability to traditional performance scores such as KPS and ECOG. Prospective studies will be necessary to confirm our findings.
Book Review Fundamentals of Electrocardiography By Roger W. Jelliffe. 214 pp., illustrated. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1990. $45. The 12 Lead Electrocardiogram By Leo Schamroth. 830 pp. in two volumes, illustrated. Boston, Blackwell Scientific, 1989. $250. (Distributed in the U.S. by Year Book, Chicago.)
Authors: Joseph B. Stein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)
Psychiatric Aspects of Organ Transplantation-Reply
Authors: Troy L. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the important comments that Wise and colleagues make in their letter. They are especially timely when one considers how fast the field of transplant surgery is growing. Both comments speak to the importance of a psychiatrist being available to provide prompt consultation and intervention. They also speak to the need of psychiatrists being aware of the many changes and developments currently taking place in transplant surgery. This is especially true in the areas of pharmacology and immunology. As noted in the table in our article, nearly all of the drugs used in transplant surgery can cause some degree of mood alteration. Wise and colleagues point out excellent examples from their own experience as well as from the recent literature of how dramatic these disturbances can be. In addition to making the correct diagnosis and instituting recommendations regarding medications, it is also important for the consulting psychiatrist
Beware, the Sporothrix
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1971)

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367 CYTOKINE EXPRESSION PROFILES IN THE LIVER OF INDIVIDUALS CHRONICALLY INFECTED WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS DO NOT CORRELATE WITH VIROLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: M. Lütgehetmann, J.-H. Bockmann, T. Volz, A. Köpke, A.W. Lohse, J. Petersen, M. Dandri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
USE OF GLYCERIN IN THE EXAMINATION OF FECES FOR TYPHOID BACILLI
Authors: Edith A. Beckler
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The use of 30 per cent. glycerin in physiologic sodium chlorid solution as a medium for feces for delayed examination has been recommended by Teague and Clurman.<sup>1</sup>For the past year the diagnostic laboratory of the Massachusetts State Department of Health has employed an outfit containing this solution for specimens sent through the mail. The assumption has been that better results are obtained by streaking fresh material, if it is possible to obtain it, at once, or after emulsifying it in broth, on Endo plates or some other selective medium after incubating the emulsion for an hour or two at 37 C. We have found by experience, however, that specimens of feces sometimes fail to show typhoid bacilli if plated while fresh or after broth enrichment, but after from twelve to twenty-four hours in glycerin show typhoid bacilli in considerable numbers. A specimen from a typhoid carrier received recently
Reed Elsevier to stop hosting arms exhibitions
Authors: Nayanah Siva
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Officials in Nigeria have filed criminal and civil charges against Pfizer for its role in the deaths and disabilities of children who were treated with an experimental drug during a meningitis outbreak in Kano in 1996.The charges, filed by government prosecutors in Nigeria, follow three attempts by families of the children to sue in US courts.All three attempts were denied after Pfizer successfully argued that the US courts were not an appropriate forum.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people, according to the Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com, 2 Jun, "Pfizer faces new charges over Nigerian drug test").The plaintiffs also seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €7bn) in civil suits.The charges stem from Pfizer's test of its unlicensed drug, trovafloxacin (Trovan) to treat 100 children with meningitis.A comparator group of 100 children were treated with a low dose of ceftriaxone.Suits on appeal in US courts charge Pfizer with causing harm to the children in both arms of the trial, alleging that a number of the children either died or were left deaf, mute, or brain damaged.The families allege that the company failed to tell them that their children were being enrolled in an experimental drug trial and that free, effective treatment was available from Médecins Sans Frontières at the same hospital.Five children in the trovafloxacin arm and six in the ceftriaxone arm died, according to Pfizer.Pfizer issued a statement in response to the charges, saying "Pfizer continues to emphasise-in the strongest terms-that the 1996 Trovan clinical study was conducted with the full knowledge of the Nigerian government and in a responsible and ethical way consistent with the company's abiding commitment to patient safety."Any allegations in these lawsuits to the contrary are simply untrue." Niger�ia files cr�iminal char�ges against Pfizer�
PDGFRα and CD51 mark human Nestin+ sphere-forming mesenchymal stem cells capable of hematopoietic progenitor cell expansion
Authors: Sandra Pinho, Julie Lacombe, Maher Hanoun, Toshihide Mizoguchi, Ingmar Bruns, Yuya Kunisaki, Paul S. Frenette
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

The intermediate filament protein Nestin labels populations of stem/progenitor cells, including self-renewing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a major constituent of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. However, the intracellular location of Nestin prevents its use for prospective live cell isolation. Hence it is important to find surface markers specific for Nestin+ cells. In this study, we show that the expression of PDGFRα and CD51 among CD45− Ter119− CD31− mouse bone marrow (BM) stromal cells characterizes a large fraction of Nestin+ cells, containing most fibroblastic CFUs, mesenspheres, and self-renewal capacity after transplantation. The PDGFRα+ CD51+ subset of Nestin+ cells is also enriched in major HSC maintenance genes, supporting the notion that niche activity co-segregates with MSC activity. Furthermore, we show that PDGFRα+ CD51+ cells in the human fetal BM represent a small subset of CD146+ cells expressing Nestin and enriched for MSC and HSC niche activities. Importantly, cultured human PDGFRα+ CD51+ nonadherent mesenspheres can significantly expand multipotent hematopoietic progenitors able to engraft immunodeficient mice. These results thus indicate that the HSC niche is conserved between the murine and human species and suggest that highly purified nonadherent cultures of niche cells may represent a useful novel technology to culture human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.