tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non-surgical management of peripheral vascular disease: a review.
Authors: C A Clyne
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Although the outlook for a pronounced improvement in the ischaemic limb that cannot be surgically treated remains bleak, cessation of smoking, encouragement of exercise, and the withdrawal of vasoconstricting agents may give some symptomatic relief. There is little evidence that vasodilators or antiplatelet agents have much to offer.
[149] COMPLICATIONS IN LIVING LIVER DONOR ACCORDING TO CLAVIEN'S CLASSIFICATION: AN EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: A. De Roover, O. Detry, N. Meurisse, C. Coimbra, I.P. Squifflet, M.H. Delbouille, M.F. Hans, J. Monnard, J. Delwaide, A. Kaba, J. Joris, M. Meurisse, P. Honore
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
The Relationship Between Antidepressant Prescription Rates and Rate of Early Adolescent Suicide
Authors: Robert Gibbons
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: In 2002, 264 children and adolescents ages 5–14 died by suicide in the United States, the fifth leading cause of death. Of these suicides, 260 were in the 10–14 year age group, making suicide the third largest cause of death behind accidents and malignancy. Although 60% of suicides in the general population occur in the midst of a mood disorder, usually untreated, little is known about the relationship between treatment of mood disorders and youth suicide. The FDA recently linked adverse event reports of suicidal ideation among children and adolescents in randomized controlled trials to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and consequently required a change in labeling that included a black box warning regarding SSRI use for all age groups. Given that the age-adjusted suicide rate is about six times higher in 15–19 year olds compared with 10–14 year olds, the risk-benefit ratio may be different in younger children. Therefore, this study examined the association between antidepressant medication prescription rate and suicide rate in children ages 5–14 prior to the FDA findings by analyzing associations at the county level across the United States. Method: National county-level suicide rate data among children ages 5–14 were broken down by sex, income, and race during the period 1996–1998. National county-level antidepressant prescription rate data were expressed as number of pills prescribed per person. The primary outcome measure was the suicide rate in each county expressed as number of suicides for a given population size. Results: After adjustment for sex, race, income, access to mental health care, and county-to-county variability in suicide rates, higher SSRI prescription rates were associated with lower suicide rates in children and adolescents. Conclusions: The aggregate nature of these observational data precludes a direct causal interpretation of the results. More SSRI prescriptions are associated with lower suicide rates in children and may reflect antidepressant efficacy, treatment compliance, better quality mental health care, and low toxicity in the event of a suicide attempt by overdose.
Release of platelet factor 4 by adenosine diphosphate and other platelet-aggregating agents.
Authors: A. Youssef, P. Barkhan
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Gas Gangre H ey and Pumnell patient's own faeces which contaminated the skin and were driven into the muscle by-the injection needle.They germi- nated in the favourable environment induced by the adrenaline.There is no adequate way of sterilizing the skin to prevent such tragedies, so adrenaline injections should not be made into the buttock.The literature, mainly from Europe, is reviewed.We should like to record our appreciation of the assistance given to us by the late Colonel H.
WEIGHTED RETRACTORS FOR TRACHEOTOMY
Authors: Conrad Wesselhoeft
Journal: JAMA (1933)

During a tracheotomy it is necessary to have retractors held on either side of the wound while the operator dissects down onto the trachea. If the patient is intubated before the operation, the necessity for speed is not so essential as when intubation has not been previously performed. Nevertheless, anything that allows of greater speed and accuracy is desirable. Ordinary retractors held in place by an assistant are apt to be held unevenly. Spreading retractors are unsatisfactory in very small patients, as they tend to become displaced. Furthermore, the thumb and the middle finger of the left hand of the operator are needed as guides in holding the trachea during the dissection. The instrument here described consists of a pair of weights hung from a heavy silver wire loop. This loop can be easily bent to form an angle suitable for retracting. As soon as the incision is made, the
Patient With High-Grade Fever, Night Sweats, and Hepatosplenomegaly
Authors: Ercan Müldür, Andreas Chott, Siroos Mirzaei, Niklas Zojer, Heinz Ludwig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Patient With High-Grade Fever, Night Sweats, and Hepatosplenomegaly Case ReportA 34-year-old woman was admitted with a 6-week history of fever and general fatigue.Medical history revealed appendectomy at the age of 14 years and chronic recurrent rhinopharyngitis.She reported weight loss of less than 10% of her body weight, generalized pruritus, night sweats, and severe nausea.Physical examination revealed a body temperature of 40°C, moderate hepatomegaly, and considerable splenomegaly, but there were no skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, or neurologic abnormalities.Blood count showed normocytic normochromic anemia (hemoglobin, 8.6 g/dL), low WBC (leukocytes, 3.640/L), and thrombocytopenia (platelets, 70.000/L).Laboratory values were as follows: total bilirubin, 0.3 mg/dL (normal; Ϫ1.0 mg/dL); AST, 118 U/L (normal, Ϫ31 U/L); ALT, 56 U/L (normal, Ϫ34 U/L); lactate dehydrogenase, 1,700 U/L (normal, Ϫ248 U/L); creatinine, 2.1 mg/dL (normal, Ϫ0.5 to 1.0 mg/dL); calcium, 3 mmol/L (normal,Ϫ2.1 to 2.7 mmol/L); C-reactive protein, 14.6 mg/dL (normal, Ͻ 5 mg/dL); uric acid, 11.7 mg/dL (normal, 2.5 to 6.0 mg/dL); ferritin, 917 g/L (normal, 10 to 150 g/L); prothrombin time, 44% (normal, 70% to 125%); and ␤ 2 -microglobulin, 6.92 mg/dL (normal, Ϫ2.7 mg/dL).Results of other laboratory tests were within normal range, and tests for hepatitis A, B, and C viruses and other viruses were negative.Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood did not reveal abnormalities in lymphocyte subsets or other cell lines.
Tc-99m MDP Imaging in Rhabdomyolysis After Military Disciplinary Punishment
Authors: EUY-NEYNG KIM, HYUNG-SUN SOHN, SUNG-HOON KIM, YONG-AN JUNG, IE-RYUNG YOO, SOO-KYO CHUNG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

KIM, EUY-NEYNG M.D.; SOHN, HYUNG-SUN M.D.; KIM, SUNG-HOON M.D.; JUNG, YONG-AN M.D.; YOO, IE-RYUNG M.D.; CHUNG, SOO-KYO M.D. Author Information
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells move down on the list of suspects: In search of the immune pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Matthew L. Albert, Jérémie Decalf, Stanislas Pol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

Chronic hepatitis C is a major public health problem. Despite numerous clinical studies in humans and experimental observations made in chimpanzees, hepatitis C pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we review the clinical features of acute and chronic disease, and discuss the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of disease. Many are aware of the dual role of T cells: responsibility for clearance of the virus during acute phase; and liver injury during chronic phase. Nonetheless, there is an emerging belief that failure to prime HCV-specific T cells is responsible for the failure to spontaneously clear the virus, and possibly, for the lack of response to pegylated-IFNalpha(2a)/ribavirin therapy. We have focused on the latest suspects, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), considered to be the professional type I IFNs producing cells. We review the somewhat contradictory data regarding the functional capacity of pDCs in chronic HCV patients and argue that, while lower in relative concentration as compared to healthy individuals, they are not defective in their ability to initiate an innate inflammatory response. Thus, instead of being the culprit, pDCs may in fact represent a novel therapeutic target in order to improve upon existing therapies for treating HCV patients.
<i>HLA-C</i>–Dependent Prevention of Leukemia Relapse by Donor Activating<i>KIR2DS1</i>
Authors: Jeffrey M. Venstrom, Gianfranco Pittari, Ted A. Gooley, Joseph H. Chewning, Stephen Spellman, Michael Haagenson, Meighan M. Gallagher, Mari Malkki, Effie Petersdorf, Bo Dupont, Katharine C. Hsu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Of the cancers treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is most sensitive to natural killer (NK)–cell reactivity. The activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 2DS1 has ligand specificity for HLA-C2 antigens and activates NK cells in an HLA-dependent manner. Donor-derived NK reactivity controlled by KIR2DS1 and HLA could have beneficial effects in patients with AML who undergo allogeneic HSCT.
CONVALESCENT SERUM IN ERYSIPELAS
Authors: Abraham Zingher
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In an article with this title (The Journal, March 15) Jordan and Dustin state that "owing to lack of literature on the subject, it seems advisable to give an impartial report of its use and preparation." In the<i>Archives of Pediatrics</i>(<b>32:</b>519, 1915) is a report by A. D. Kaiser on "A Case of Erysipelas Treated with Whole Blood from Convalescent Patient." While on my way to Buffalo in April, 1914, to report before the New York State Medical Society on the results obtained with whole blood in the treatment of toxic scarlet fever, I was asked by Dr. Joseph Roby of Rochester, N. Y., to see a patient of his, the child of a local physician, who was suffering from an extensive erysipelas following vaccination. I injected the child intramuscularly with 210 c.c. of whole blood obtained from a seven day convalescent erysipelas patient according
Niacin fails to reduce vascular events in large randomised trial
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In a large randomised clinical trial, treatment with extended release niacin, combined with a drug to reduce common side effects of niacin, did not significantly reduce major vascular events but was associated with serious adverse events.

The trial, Heart Protection Study 2—Treatment of HDL to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events (HPS2-THRIVE), was designed to assess the effects of adding extended release niacin in combination with laropiprant to the treatment regimen for high risk patients who were already taking an effective statin based treatment to reduce concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

Niacin is thought to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by lowering LDL cholesterol concentrations and raising those of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is thought to be protective. Niacin is therefore often recommended to patients who have a combination of low HDL cholesterol and high triglyceride concentrations.

Laropiprant is an antagonist of the prostaglandin D2 receptor DPq and reduces flushing, a common side effect of niacin treatment, improving adherence.

For the trial the researchers enrolled more than 25 000 men and women aged 50 to 80 years who had a history of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, or diabetes mellitus with evidence of symptomatic coronary disease. …
ZAP-70 enhances migration of malignant B lymphocytes toward CCL21 by inducing CCR7 expression via IgM-ERK1/2 activation
Authors: Eva Calpe, Carles Codony, Maria Joao Baptista, Pau Abrisqueta, Cecilia Carpio, Noelia Purroy, Francesc Bosch, Marta Crespo
Journal: Blood (2011)
Clinical and microbiological findings in prosthetic joint replacement due to aseptic loosening
Authors: A. Ribera, L. Morata, J. Moranas, J.L. Agulló, J.C. Martínez, Y. López, D. García, J. Cabo, S. García-Ramiro, A. Soriano, O. Murillo
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
cpsf1 is required for definitive HSC survival in zebrafish
Authors: Niccolò Bolli, Elspeth M. Payne, Jennifer Rhodes, Evisa Gjini, Adam B. Johnston, Feng Guo, Jeong-Soo Lee, Rodney A. Stewart, John P. Kanki, Aye T. Chen, Yi Zhou, Leonard I. Zon, A. Thomas Look
Journal: Blood (2011)
Hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated binding of human polymeric immunoglobulin A
Authors: Christopher K. Daniels, Douglas L. Schmucker, Albert L. Jones
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

In the rat, asialoorosomucoid and rat dimeric immunoglobulin A are both taken up by hepatocytes via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The fate of these two proteins, however, differs significantly. Rat dimeric IgA is taken up into smooth vesicles, transported to the bile canaliculus and secreted intact into the bile, whereas asialoglycoproteins are internalized via coated vesicles and transported to lysosomes for degradation. Recently, several studies both in the rat and in cultured human hepatoma cells have suggested that the receptor for asialoglycoproteins may play a role in the hepatic uptake and processing of human polymeric IgA. Using receptor-binding techniques, we have provided quantitative data for the competition of human monomeric, polymeric and secretory IgA with asialoorosomucoid for its receptor on liver plasma membrane preparations from rat, monkey and man. Some IgA molecules required desialylation with neuraminidase to enhance markedly their efficacy for asialoorosomucoid inhibition. Quantitatively, human IgA molecules showed an affinity for the ASOR receptor similar to that for asialoceruloplasmin. Rat dimeric IgA does not compete for this binding site. We conclude that human IgA can compete with ligands for the asialoglycoprotein receptor of rat, monkey and human liver. This receptor may provide an alternative pathway for the hepatic processing of IgA and IgA immune complexes when secretory component-mediated uptake is not available as in the monkey and man, particularly under pathological conditions where serum IgA concentrations accumulate to abnormally high levels.
A Textbook of Malaria Eradication
Authors: J. Walter Beck
Journal: JAMA (1963)

As stated by the author, this book was written with the purpose of assisting the thousands of professional and nonprofessional workers all over the world who are engaged in malaria eradication programs. The text is divided into three major categories: Under the subject of the epidemiological basis of malaria eradication the author discusses the nature of infection, life cycles, species and strain variations, immunity, vectors and transmission, and the evaluation of endemic and epidemic states. In the section on the interruption of malaria transmission the author discusses in detail the use of insecticides and antimalarial drugs. The discussion on the malaria eradication program presents the prerequisites of a good program and a detailed outline of the various phases of attack used throughout the world. Mistakes, omissions, and failures are presented with the hope of their serving a useful purpose in future work. Other scientists and laity alike interested in learning
Doctors make the best managers, study indicates
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Hospitals run by doctors outperform those run by managers, indicates a study in Social Science and Medicine (doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.025).

Amanda Goodall, a senior research fellow at the Institute for the Study of Labour in Bonn, looked at the top 100 US hospitals in three specialties—cancer, digestive disorders, and cardiovascular care and surgery—as ranked in 2009 by the well established US News and World Report league tables, which look at performance in 16 specialties. She then ascertained whether the hospitals’ chief executive officers were doctors or professional managers.

She found that …
Hemobilia Presenting as Intermittent Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage With Sincalide Confirmation A Case Report
Authors: MICHAEL E. SPIETH, CALVIN C. HOU, PATRICIA D. EWING, DAVID K. PRICE, ROBYN L. KIMURA, TOM K. KAWADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

An 82-year-old man had his third episode of melanotic stool. Two previous workups had falled to localize the source of bleeding. A Tc-99m labeled RBC scan visualized the gallbladder early in the study. Administration of sincalide visually decreased the activity, confirming gallbladder activity. Three months later, at his second surgery, hepatic metastases were finally identified as the source of bleeding. In retrospect, the hepatic activity is inhomogeneous with at least two cold defects that could have represented hepatic metastases.
Improvement in peripheral blood disease burden in patients with Sézary syndrome and leukemic mycosis fungoides after total skin electron beam therapy
Authors: Rachel S. Klein, James D. Dunlop, Sara S. Samimi, Kelly A. Morrissey, Katherine G. Evans, Jennifer M. Gardner, Camille E. Introcaso, Carmela C. Vittorio, Alain H. Rook, Bizhan Micaily, Ellen J. Kim
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Predicting Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: M. Haigh
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Gastrin and Gastrointestinal Disease SIR,-We were interested in your leading article on this topic (9 September, p. 604), but we think your statement that gastrin may affect intestinal motility needs qualification.In doses producing near-maximal gastric- acid secretion both gastrin and pentagastrin were found to stimulate motility in the gastric antrum, but no effect on colonic motor activity could be detected.1 2 As you point out, serum gastrin levels are high in patients with pernicious anaemia but are likely to be low after total gastrectomy.Colonic pressure activity, however, especially after a protein-containing meal, is greater after total gastrectomy than in pernicious anaemia.3It would therefore seem unlikely that gastrin is involved in the colonic motor response to meals.3-Weare, etc.,
Early stopping rules employing early progression and response compared with conventional stopping rules in actual phase II trials.
Authors: J. R. Goffin, D. Tu, G. R. Pond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e13004 Background: The traditional endpoint of phase II studies, response rate (RR), may not be appropriate for agents that inhibit growth but do not shrink the tumor. For these agents, early progressive disease (EPD), i.e., progression at first tumor measurement after treatment, may provide an additional measure of drug activity. Using a previously developed set of stopping rules employing both RR and EPD (dual endpoint stopping rule, DESR), the outcomes of completed phase II trials was compared with the conventional rules of Fleming and Gehan. Methods: We previously created a computer model (JCO 2008, 3715-3720) that determined patient RR and EPD thresholds needed to achieve the desired power and alpha error for a single-arm two-stage study. The EPD rate of interest was set as ≥ 0.4 and the EPD rate of disinterest as ≥ 0.6. The performance of this model in assessing agent activity was evaluated using a publically available set of phase II trial results (Dent et al, JCO, 2001, pp785-91), which were originally designed based on either the Fleming (16 trials) or Gehan (23 trials) designs. Results: Of the 10 trials stopped by the Fleming design at stage I, the DESR design stopped four. Of the 6 studies permitted to accrue to stage II by Fleming, one was stopped by investigators, while the Fleming design rejected the null hypothesis (Hnul) at the end of the second stage in 2 of the remaining 5 while the DESR design rejected Hnul in all 5 trials. All differences were due to high EPD. For studies conducted under the Gehan design, eight were stopped at stage I for acceptance of Hnul by both Gehan and the DESR. For the 15 studies accruing to stage II according to the Gehan design, Hnul was rejected in eight by both Gehan and DESR designs. However, the DESR would have stopped the other seven at the first stage on account of high EPD rates. Conclusions: In this study set of trials, the DESR was more likely than the Fleming rule to reject Hnul. Conversely, the DESR rejected Hnul for the same drugs as Gehan but was more likely to recommend stopping at stage I. The EPD rates of interest heavily influence the stopping behavior of the DESR. Alternate EPD values will be assessed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Amplification of the <i>MET</i> Receptor Drives Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapies in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Alberto Bardelli, Simona Corso, Andrea Bertotti, Sebastijan Hobor, Emanuele Valtorta, Giulia Siravegna, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Elisa Scala, Andrea Cassingena, Davide Zecchin, Maria Apicella, Giorgia Migliardi, Francesco Galimi, Calogero Lauricella, Carlo Zanon, Timothy Perera, Silvio Veronese, Giorgio Corti, Alessio Amatu, Marcello Gambacorta, Luis A. Diaz, Mark Sausen, Victor E. Velculescu, Paolo Comoglio, Livio Trusolino, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Silvia Giordano, Salvatore Siena
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

EGF receptor (EGFR)-targeted monoclonal antibodies are effective in a subset of metastatic colorectal cancers. Inevitably, all patients develop resistance, which occurs through emergence of KRAS mutations in approximately 50% of the cases. We show that amplification of the MET proto-oncogene is associated with acquired resistance in tumors that do not develop KRAS mutations during anti-EGFR therapy. Amplification of the MET locus was present in circulating tumor DNA before relapse was clinically evident. Functional studies show that MET activation confers resistance to anti-EGFR therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, in patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts, MET amplification correlated with resistance to EGFR blockade, which could be overcome by MET kinase inhibitors. These results highlight the role of MET in mediating primary and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in colorectal cancer and encourage the use of MET inhibitors in patients displaying resistance as a result of MET amplification.
Allergenicity of peanut component Ara h 2: Contribution of conformational versus linear hydroxyproline-containing epitopes
Authors: Hervé Bernard, Blanche Guillon, Marie-Françoise Drumare, Evelyne Paty, Stephen C. Dreskin, Jean-Michel Wal, Karine Adel-Patient, Stéphane Hazebrouck
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Organic Mental Changes With Fluorouracil Therapy
Authors: Edward S. Greenwald
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Two patients showed a rapid and dramatic change in their mental status within a few weeks to two months of the start of weekly intravenous fluorouracil chemotherapy for colon cancer with liver metastases.  The first patient was a 70-year-old man who after two months of fluorouracil therapy had no evidence of focal central nervous system disease but was confused and had marked psychomotor retardation and slight lethargy. Brain scan was normal, while the electroencephalogram showed diffuse slow wave activity.  The second patient was an 80-year-old widowed woman who was mildly depressed but had no impairment of mental ability when admitted to the hospital. After three weekly doses of fluorouracil intravenously, mild confusion was noted, which progressed to semicoma. Findings of neurologic examination were normal except for a severely confused mental state characterized by total disorientation as to time and place as well as by inappropriate answers to
Examination Scores Fall With Time: But So What?
Authors: Arthur W. Fleming
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —The article Changes Over Time in the Knowledge Base of Practicing Internists by Ramsey et al1implies that the older and more experienced a physician gets, the worse he or she is as a physician. It also implies that the quality of an internist is directly related to how well he or she does on a multiple-choice test. Perhaps other conclusions are more appropriate.  Maybe much of the esoterica learned as a resident was truly esoterica. Perhaps residencies focus too much on details of rare diseases and not enough on more practical day-to-day problems encountered in the practice of internal medicine and other disciplines.