tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4826: A therapeutic sphingosine 1-phosphate antibody improves intratumoral oxygenation and sensitizes to chemotherapy in prostate cancer animal model
Authors: Isabelle Ader, Pierre Bouquerel, Muriel Golzio, Bernard Malavaud, Santiago Zalvidea, Sylvain Richard, Roger A. Sabbadini, Olivier Cuvillier
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hypoxia promotes neovascularization, metastasis, and resistance to treatments. The activation of the transcription factor HIF-1α has been identified as the master mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia. We recently identified the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) pathway as a new modulator of HIF-1α activity under hypoxia in multiple cancer cell models including prostate cancer (Ader et al, Cancer Res, 2008). S1P elicits proliferation, survival, or angiogenesis, and is believed to exert most of its actions as a ligand for a family of specific GPCRs to elicit paracrine or autocrine signaling. We have suggested that inhibiting SphK1/S1P signaling, which is upregulated under hypoxia, may normalize the microenvironment and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy, in the broader concept of “normalization of tumor vessels” as tumor oxygenation is known to enhance response to chemotherapy (Ader et al., Cancer Res, 2009). Methods: Quantification of intratumoral hypoxia and angiogenesis, and treatment efficacy (primary tumor, metatasis dissemination) using an orthotopic (o.t) xenograft model of fluorescent hormone refractory prostate cancer cells. Results: We first provide in vitro evidence that inhibition of the S1P exogenous signaling, through pharmacological inhibition of its receptors or by taking advantage of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing S1P, blocks HIF-1α accumulation and its activity in prostate cancer cells under to hypoxia. Second, using an o.t model of prostate cancer, we show that an anti-S1P antibody inhibits intratumoral hypoxia and modifies vessel architecture and improves tumor perfusion within 5 days of treatment. Third, we show for the first time that an anti-S1P strategy sensitizes to docetaxel, the ‘gold standard’ treatment for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. A 5-day anti-S1P antibody pretreatment markedly sensitizes to docetaxel in an o.t. PC-3/GFP model established in nude mice. The combination anti-S1P antibody together with docetaxel was not only accompanied by a smaller primary tumor volume compared to docetaxel treatment, but also significantly reduced the occurrence and number of metastases. Conclusion: These preclinical data establish the proof-of-concept that blocking the exogenous action of S1P induces vascular normalization, improves intratumoral oxygenation and sensitizes to chemotherapy in prostate cancer animal model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4826. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4826
Medical Care for Underprivileged Populations
Authors: Louis M. Sherwood, Edith E. Parris, Charles R. Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

HEART disease, hypertension, arthritis, mental disease, visual impairment and orthopedic disability are all more common among the poor. Death rates from tuberculosis, syphilis, influenza, pneumonia and vascular lesions of the central nervous system are twice as high among nonwhites as among whites.1 With proper adjustment for age, heart disease, stroke and cancer are all more frequent in the ghetto.2 For the poor, the risk of dying under the age of 25 is four times the national average. Life expectancy among the nonwhite population is 63.6 years as compared to 70.2 years in the white population. The maternal mortality rate among . . .
Plasma precursor amino acids of central nervous system monoamines in children with coeliac disease.
Authors: A Hernanz, I Polanco
Journal: Gut (1991)

Some children with coeliac disease show behavioural disorders such as depression and other signs which have been correlated with reduced central monoamine metabolism. We have therefore investigated the brain availability of the monoamine precursors tryptophan and tyrosine in 15 untreated children with coeliac disease and 12 treated children with coeliac disease as well as in 12 control children. Significantly decreased plasma concentrations of tryptophan were found in untreated children (mean (SD) 13 (4) mumols/l, p less than 0.001) compared with treated children (31 (13) mumols/l), and in both groups of coeliac children when compared with control children (81 (22) mumols/l). A significantly lower ratio of plasma tryptophan to large neutral amino acids (tyrosine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine) was also observed, which could indicate impaired brain availability of tryptophan in coeliac children and was more pronounced in untreated children. The impaired availability of tryptophan could produce decreased central serotonin synthesis and in turn behaviour disorders in children with coeliac disease.
Prognostic Value of Circulating Plasma Cells in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Shaji Kumar, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Robert A. Kyle, Martha Q. Lacy, Angela Dispenzieri, Rafael Fonseca, John A. Lust, Morie A. Gertz, Philip R. Greipp, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) progresses to multiple myeloma or another related plasma cell disorder (PCD) at a rate of approximately 1% per year. Identification of patients with MGUS at high risk of progression will allow development of preventive strategies. We studied the prognostic value of circulating plasma cells (PCs) in patients with MGUS to predict progression.Patients were eligible for this retrospective analysis if they were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1984 and 1997, were diagnosed with MGUS, and had an analysis of the peripheral blood for circulating PCs by the slide-based immunofluorescence method. Patients were observed for progression to another PCD.Three hundred twenty-five patients were eligible and 63 (19%) had circulating PCs. Patients with circulating PCs were twice as likely (hazard ratio, 2.1) to experience progression to another PCD (most commonly myeloma), compared with those without circulating PCs (95% CI, 1.1 to 4.3; P = .03). In patients with circulating PCs, the median progression-free survival was 138 months compared with a median not yet reached for those without circulating PCs (P = .028). The median overall survival also was shorter for those with circulating PCs. Other factors with prognostic value were high levels of M protein and non-immunoglobulin G heavy-chain type.The presence of circulating PCs, especially when combined with other known prognostic factors such as M protein concentration and immunoglobulin isotype, identify a group of individuals with MGUS at higher risk of progression to overt multiple myeloma.
Increasing Oxygen Delivery in Surgical Patients-Reply
Authors: Owen Boyd
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Dale for her interest in our recent article. She is of course entirely correct in noticing that cardiac index was significantly different between the two groups, while the other variables used to calculate the Do<sub>2</sub>I were not. We set out to test the hypothesis that increasing Do<sub>2</sub>I would reduce mortality in the patient group studied, as is clearly stated in the original article and as many others had suggested. Therefore, to suggest that in concentrating on Do<sub>2</sub>I we had a preconception about our results is incorrect. Increasing Do<sub>2</sub>I was the hypothesis to be tested and, therefore, must appear as a major part of the results, which are quoted in detailed enough form to allow readers to interpret them as they see fit. We reject the implication that we have interpreted our results to support a preconceived idea.
Studies of Actomyosin from Cardiac Muscle of Dogs with Experimental Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: JAMES O. DAVIS, MARY TRAPASSO, NICHOLAS A. YANKOPOULOS, ALFRED CASPER
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Comparative studies were made on cardiac actomyosin from normal dogs and from dogs with experimental failure. Actomyosin was characterized by ultracentrifugal sedimentation velocity, viscosity and ATP-ase measurements. The data on actomyosin from normal cardiac muscle showed a striking similarity to the findings reported by others for skeletal muscle actomyosin. The only difference found between cardiac actomyosin front the normal and experimental material was an abnormal component ( S 20 W = 5.0-6.7) in the sedimentation pattern for actomyosin from 4 of 11 dogs with cardiac failure. It seems likely that the changes in actomyosin which resulted in the abnormal sedimentation pattern were produced during extraction or preparation of the actomyosin and that they do not reflect an altered state of actomyosin in the functioning heart. The explanation for the occurrence of this slow sedimentation component solely in the experimental material is not clear.
Influence of Cancer Associated Fibroblast (CAF) on Human Breast Cancer Cells in an in Vitro Co-Cultivation Model of Breast Cancer
Authors: K.H. Sreelatha, R.S. Reshma, S. Veena, S.N. Rakesh, S. Thara, P. Jem, S. Priya
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
The Alvarez Lecture on THE UNITY OF GASTRIC DISORDERS
Authors: A. F. Hurst
Journal: BMJ (1933)

89of the to1:al male population of their age.On the other The Alvarez Lecture hand, if t-he subsequent history of the hundred could on be traced, from what is known of the incidence of these THE UNITY OF GASTRIC DISORDERS * diseases about 11.5 per cent.would develop one or other BY of them, and almost all of these would be among the BYTHUR .
ON THE DUTY OF RESTORING HEARING BY OPERATION IN CHRONIC AURAL SUPPURATION: An Address delivered before the West Kent Medico-Chirurgical Society
Authors: C. J. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1907)

The piezence of an undulating membrane, the more- nentral position of the micronucleus and the method of dev.lopment of Herpetomonas subulata suggest that, like ne parasite of the water-bug, it belongs to the genus Crithidia.L4ger 1 believes that some of these Crithidla and Herpe- tomonas found in blood-sucking insects represent stages in the development of haemoflagellates of vertebrates and considers Schaudinn's observations on T. noctuae in Culex pipiens confirm, his opinion.Many parasitologists, how- ever, now believe that Schaudinn was dealing with more than one parasite in Cukvx pipiens, namely, either Leucocytoz"on ziemanni or Halteridium danilewski, together with the trypanosome of the owl and the Herpetomonas of Culex pipiens; and further, I have often seen maity spirilla of large size with more than one chromatic dot in their protoplasm in the mid guts of Culexpipiene and CulexWatigans.There can be little doubt that the Crithidia of the waterbug is in no way connected with any blood parasite.I shall reserve for a later occasion a complete account of the life-histories of these two parasites. CONCLUSIONS.1.The Herpetomonas of Culexpipiens and the Orithidia of the water-bug have a stage in their life-cycles in which they are very similar in form to the Leishman-Donovan body, and, further, that the former multiplies in a similar manner to the human parasite.In order to 'study the early stages of these parasites it is necessary to examine the hind guts and mid guts of the larvae and nymphs of the.insects.2. These two parasites pass their complete cycles in their inEect hosts, and have no connexion with any blood parasite.3. The early stages of these parasites and their method of development, together with the constant anterior posi- tion of the blepharoplast and the absence of the fully- developed undulating membrane in the mature flagel- lates, all suggest that they are quite distinct from the Trypanosomata.4. There is at present no evidence cf a sexual cyc'e or of the infection being inherited.
Attenuation Defects Caused by Prominent Clavicles and First Ribs in Perfusion Lung Imaging
Authors: HEE KYUNG LEE, JOSEPH SKARZYNSKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Clavicles and upper ribs on conventional chest roentgenograms often obscure the view of upper lung fields. A case of false bilateral apical defects in the anterior view of perfusion lung imaging due to prominent clavicles and ribs is reported.
SURGERY OF THE NASAL VESTIBULE WITH REFERENCE TO CERTAIN FORMS OF STENOSIS AND FACIAL DISFIGUREMENT.
Authors: ROBERT CUNNINGHAM MYLES
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The surgery of the nasal vestibule has not received that serious and careful attention which its importance demands. Abnormalities in this region not only obstruct the gateway to physiologic respiration, but also disagreeably alter an otherwise pleasant facial expression. Frequently operative procedures achieve a cosmetic result which were intended only to relieve nasal stenosis. It would be well to define the nasal vestibule as being that part of the nasal fossa which extends inward from the margins of the anterior nares from one-half to seven-eighths of an inch. Nearly all of this part of the nasal fossa is lined with scaly or pavement epithelium, and the balance of the nasal membrane is covered with ciliated and non-ciliated columnar epithelium. Attempts to enlarge the lumen of the vestibule by excision of the surface tissue, excluding a part of the septum, almost invariably produces the opposite results, by narrowing it. The contraction
NHS productivity falls despite gains of 6% needed to reach target savings
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Hospital productivity has declined over the past decade despite increased funding, new figures show.

The National Audit Office report, which uses data from the Office for National Statistics, shows an average decrease in overall NHS productivity of 0.2% a year since 2000. In hospitals, productivity fell by around 1.4% a year.

And yet recent research indicates that productivity gains of about 6% a year will be required to meet the required £15-20bn (€18-24bn; $23-31bn) efficiency savings required by March 2015.

Amyas Morse, head of the National Audit Office, explained: “Over the last 10 years, there has been significant real growth in the resources going into the NHS, most of it funding higher …
Situation in Darfur is deteriorating, Red Cross warns
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The civilian population in Darfur, western Sudan, is still living in fear, and the humanitarian situation has worsened, according to the International Committee of the Red Cross's delegate general for Africa, Christoph Harnisch.

After a visit to Sudan last week he described a severely deteriorating situation marked by suspicion, fear, and lawlessness. He said: “You can see fear in the faces of the people you meet, and there are numerous reports of violence. It is a grim picture, and there is no place for optimism.”

A counterinsurgency campaign by the Sudanese government and its allied militias against armed opposition …
Physician Payment Reforms and Family Physicians
Authors: Thomas J. Zuber
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Family physicians had anticipated that the changes created by physician payment reform would provide some relief from the ever-shrinking reimbursements to their specialty from the Medicare system. Indeed, family physicians were designated the big winners, with estimates of a 16% increase in payments in 1992. 1 These changes were needed to establish more equitable reimbursements for services. It was also hoped that payment reform could reverse the negative attitudes held by many family physicians toward the Medicare program. 2 A 1991 survey by the North Carolina Academy of Family Physicians (unpublished data) showed that nearly half of North Carolina family physicians were limiting their Medicare practices, and many more considered doing so in light of continued Medicare cuts.  Many other specialists criticized family physicians for supporting the Robin Hood Medicare reforms. Although some looked on physician payment reform as stealing from the rich and giving to
REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY SYNTHETIC POLYNUCLEOTIDES
Authors: Robert D. Stout, Arthur G. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Addition of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid in complex form (poly A:U) without antigen to a suspension of spleen cells obtained from BALB/Aj mice primed 6 wk previously with human gamma-globulin (HGG) resulted in an immediate fourfold increase over background number of anti-HGG rosette-forming cells (RFC). Culture of similar cells in the presence of puromycin for 1-6 hr before poly A:U did not significantly reduce the response. Continued culture of primed spleen cells in the presence of poly A:U, resulted in a decrease of RFC to background levels within an hour followed by an increase again 6 hr later. This later increase in RFC was inhibited by addition of puromycin to the culture medium. The nonspecific stimulation by poly A:U of antibody production by primed spleen cells also was induced in vivo. Increases in splenic RFC were detectable 6 hr after intravenous injection of poly A:U alone, without antigen, into primed mice. The response peaked at 18 hr and had dissipated completely within 3 days. A second injection of poly A:U 24 hr or later after the first injection resulted in a second response, similar to the first with respect to kinetics and intensity. Rosette formation by poly A:U-stimulated cells could not be inhibited by mitotic poisons, but was inhibited by treatment of the cells with goat anti-mouse gamma-globulin serum, suggesting that the antibody involved was a 7S gamma-globulin. The decrease in RFC induced by culture of primed cells for 1 hr in poly A:U paralleled a decrease in secondary responsiveness of the cells to antigen. This poly A:U-induced inhibition of secondary responsiveness could be reversed by suspending the treated cells in supernatant fluids derived from poly A:U-stimulated cultures. The reversal was specific in that supernatant fluids removed from bovine serum albumin (BSA)-primed cells by poly A:U did not stimulate the response of HGG-primed cells to HGG. However supernatant fluids from BSA-primed cells caused the production of anti-HGG RFC if BSA rather than HGG was used as triggering antigen. The active factor in the supernatant fluids appeared to be a 7S gamma-globulin since activity was lost after 45 min incubation of the supernatant fluids in the presence of goat anti-mouse 7S gamma-globulin serum.
Adhesion molecule expression in primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: S Bloom, K Fleming, R Chapman
Journal: Gut (1995)

There are conflicting reports regarding intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, lymphocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LFA-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), and E-selectin was examined together with HLA-DR in 16 liver biopsy specimens showing PSC and 12 specimens showing PBC. These were compared with biopsy specimens showing large duct obstruction (n = 7), chronic active hepatitis (n = 4), alcoholic liver disease (n = 4), and normal liver histological results (n = 5). ICAM-1 was detected on biliary epithelium in five of seven PSC specimens of histological stage 3 or 4, but not in nine early PSC specimens or in specimens from disease controls. In PBC, ICAM-1 was positive on three of 12 cases, two stage 2, and one stage 3. Nine of 16 PSC specimens (three of nine early, six of seven late disease) and six of 10 PBC specimens (three early, three late disease) were positive for HLA-DR. LFA-1 stained infiltrating inflammatory cells in PSC, PBC, and disease controls. In conclusion, ICAM-1 expression on biliary epithelium in PSC occurs mainly in late stage disease and therefore may be secondary to previous events inducing inflammation rather than of primary pathogenic importance. ICAM-1 expression in PBC is less common and not clearly associated with a particular disorder. Previous reports of ICAM-1 prevalence may have been biased towards end stage, pre-transplantation biopsy specimens.
The Prevalence of Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Authors: F.F. Hellier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article The Prevalence of Dermatitis Herpetiformis Get access F.F. Hellier F.F. Hellier Late Adviser in Dermatology 21st Army Group, 20 Clarendon Road Leeds LS2 9PF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 4, 1 April 1972, Pages 437–438, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb05061.x Published: 01 April 1972
ETHER INEBRIETY.Read in the Section of Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: NORMAN KERR
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Ireland has in the nineteenth century presented to the world two interesting and remarkable series of inebrio-psychological phenomena. In 1838, a simple-minded Roman Catholic priest, Father Mathew, adopted and began to advocate the practice of abstinence from all intoxicating drinks. So amazing was the impression made by him that, in three years, the roll of the teetotal pledges which he had administered exceeded 5,000,000, in Ireland, in addition to large numbers in England, Scotland and America. The reality of this epidemic of temperance was attested by the statement of the Chief Secretary, in 1840, that "the duties of the military and police in Ireland are now almost entirely confined to keeping the ground clear for the operation of Father Mathew." Though this great wave of sobriety has gradually receded, till now the extent of drinking in Erin is simply terrible, I am every now and again meeting professionally with sons
PEPFAR and Adult Mortality
Authors: James D. Shelton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TYPHOID FEVER IN A PATIENT AGED SEVENTY YEARS.
Authors: WILLIAM G. DAGGETT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The infrequency of the occurrence of typhoid fever in persons of advanced years has long been a matter of note and makes it seem important to place on record the following case which came under my observation: <h3>Patient.</h3> —Mrs. E. P., aged 70, had never had a serious illness. Family history was negative. <h3>Present Illness.</h3> —Patient passed most of the winter of 1905-06 in Florida, and noticed no departure from her usual health until late in March, when she found herself very easily fatigued. She left Florida, March 29, for Savannah, Ga., and remained in the latter place until April 12. While in Savannah she had more or less diarrhea and marked lassitude. She arrived in Washington, D. C., April 13. The lassitude persisted and her strength was notably below par. On April 19 she fell on a marble staircase in her hotel and sustained a sealp wound, which