tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuropathic Fracture
Authors: Franco M. Muggia
Journal: JAMA (1965)

NEUROPATHIC bone and joint disease has been described in diabetes mellitus complicated by neuropathy, as well as in neurosyphilis, syringomyelia, congenital absence of pain, leprosy, congenital and acquired spinal cord lesions, and following peripheral nerve damage and intra-articular hydrocortisone injections.<sup>1</sup>In diabetes, the changes usually seen are those of painless destruction of the tarsal joints, and occasionally of the ankles and knees. When found, they are usually present in association with other neurological features that have received the name of pseudotabes: Argyll-Robertson pupils, postural hypotension, nocturnal diarrhea, gastric atony, bladder dysfunction, pilomotor and sudomotor deficiencies, impotence, and edema. In addition, retinopathy and nephropathy are commonly present, completing the "triopathy" associated with long-standing diabetes mellitus. The present case report deals with a fracture of the tibia and fibula in a diabetic patient possessing many manifestations of pseudotabes and "triopathy." The history and nature of the fracture indicate that it was of
Is golf bad for your hearing?
Authors: M A Buchanan, J M Wilkinson, J E Fitzgerald, P R Prinsley
Journal: BMJ (2008)

M A Buchanan and colleagues investigate the possible hazards of modern drivers

A 55 year old right handed man presented to the ear, nose, and throat outpatient clinic with tinnitus and reduced hearing in his right ear. Clinical examination was unremarkable. His pure tone audiogram showed an asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss, worse on the right, with a decrease on that side at 4-6 kHz (fig 1⇓) typical of a noise induced hearing loss.1 He had been playing golf with a King Cobra LD titanium club three times a week for 18 months and commented that the noise of the club hitting the ball was “like a gun going off.” It had become so unpleasant that he had been forced to discard the club. 



Fig 1 Pure tone audiogram showing sensorineural hearing loss on the right, with a noise induced drop at 4-6 kHz



Magnetic resonance imaging of his internal acoustic meati showed no abnormality, and we deduced that his asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss was attributable to the noise of the golf club. Other than regular …
Prediction of myocardial infarct size in patients with acute myocardial infarction by coronary flow velocity patterns immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Atsushi Yamamuro, Takashi Akasaka, Koichi Tamita, Kenji Yamabe, Minako Katayama, Motoaki Ibuki, Kunihiko Nagai, Tomoko Tani, Kazuaki Tanabe, Shigefumi Morioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The effect of pH on the transient-state kinetics of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. A comparison with skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Authors: F Mandel, E G Kranias, A Grassi de Gende, M Sumida, A Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The effect of pH on the Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was investigated with a rapid mixing quench-flow apparatus capable of measuring phosphorylation and dephosphorylation at times as rapid as 4 msec. The rates of formation and decomposition of the phosphorylated intermediate (E approximately P) of the Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were studied in the pH range between 7.6 and 6.0. At pH 6.8, the rates of formation of the phosphorylated intermediate of the Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum are the same (t1/2 = 10 msec) for cardiac and skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum preloaded with calcium, but decrease as the pH is lowered. The effect of acid pH (6.0) is more pronounced for cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (t 1/2 = 47 msec) than for skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (t 1/2 = 17 msec), in agreement with studies showing that acidosis has a more pronounced effect on cardiac muscle than on skeletal muscle. In addition, a decrease in pH results in a decrease in the rate of the E approximately P decomposition step (the slowest step in the SR reaction sequence). The E approximately P decomposition half-lives were observed to be 97 and 77 msec, respectively for cardiac and skeletal SR at pH 6.8. At pH 6.0, the half-lives were increased to 136 and 178 msec for cardiac and skeletal SR, respectively.
Not “Socialized Medicine” — An Israeli View of Health Care Reform
Authors: Dov Chernichovsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In 2007, the United States spent about 15% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, whereas Israel's health care spending was about 8% of its GDP (see graph, Panel A). In other words, on average, Americans work almost 2 months a year to pay their medical bills — nearly twice as long as the average Israeli does. Reflecting higher U.S. earnings and incomes, as well as the U.S. population's older average age, these figures translate into per capita U.S. spending (standardized for age) amounting to more than three times that of Israel — over $6,000 versus nearly $2,000 . . .
Neonatal Onset of the Hepatitis-Associated-Antigen Carrier State
Authors: Deborah A. Merrill, Reuben S. Dubois, Peter F. Kohler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

HEPATITIS B antigen (HBAg) occurs in three general clinical groups: in acute B-type viral hepatitis in which HBAg is present in the early phase of illness and disappears in 95 per cent of patients concomitant with clinical recovery; in association with certain diseases such as Down's syndrome, uremia treated with hemodialysis, renal-transplant recipients, leukemia and lepromatous leprosy, in which persistence of HBAg is common; and in asymptomatic carriers who report neither exposure to blood products nor contact with patients with hepatitis.1 2 3 Persistence of HBAg in the first two groups has been postulated to be due to individual host variation in . . .
Nutritional Interventions in Cancer Prevention
Authors: Philip R. Taylor, Peter Greenwald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The first generation of phase III nutritional intervention studies to prevent cancer has been completed. Nearly 150,000 total participants were studied in nine different interventions using randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled designs that tested whether vitamins and/or minerals, given singly or in combination, could prevent total or site-specific cancer. The primary agents tested include beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, and retinol. This review summarizes the findings from the first generation of human experimental studies that tested micronutrients in the prevention of cancer, discusses lessons learned from these studies, identifies the most promising leads, and describes future prospects in nutritional intervention research.
278. Induction of Anti-Tumor Activity with Dendritic Cells Loaded with Tumor Cell Lysates or Adenoviral Vector-Encoding Tumor-Associated Antigens
Authors: Jae-Gyun Jeong, Hwang-Jae Lee, Hae-Sook Ahn, Sung-Min Oh, Seong-Hyun Ho, Hongchan Cho, Seok Kang, Jong-Mook Kim, Sunyoung Kim, Sujeong Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

A dendritic cell (DC) vaccine which is DC loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) has been considered as a promising candidate in cancer immunotherapy. Various approaches have been used to deliver TAAs to DCs, such as tumor lysates, viral vectors, and liposomes. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of DCs that were loaded with melanoma antigens such as MART-1 and tyrosinase using adenoviral vectors (Ad-MART and Ad-Tyr). Furthermore, we also investigated the efficacy of tumor cell lysate-pulsed DCs. In the prevention experiments, mice were immunized 2 times at 1-week intervals before challenging with B16F10 melanoma cells. Both adenovirus-transduced and tumor cell lysate-pulsed DCs could inhibit the growth of melanoma. In the therapeutic settings, mice bearing 3-day tumor were injected with antigen-loaded DCs. Mice treated with Ad-MART-transduced DC and Ad-Tyr-transduced DC showed a delay in tumor growth and an increase of IFN-g production. Simultaneous delivery of Ad-MART and Ad-Tyr to DCs showed therapeutic effects comparable to DCs transduced with single antigen. Tumor cell lysate-pulsed and mock-infected DCs failed to inhibit tumor growth in the established tumor model. These findings support the usefulness of Ad-TAA-transduced DCs in immunotherapy of cancer.
Treatment Intensification Does Not Always Lead to Better Quality of Care in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Jose M. Valderas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters2 September 2008Treatment Intensification Does Not Always Lead to Better Quality of Care in Patients with HypertensionJose M. Valderas, MD, PhD, MPHJose M. Valderas, MD, PhD, MPHFrom National School of Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent study, Turner and colleagues (1) conclude that patients with more unrelated comorbid conditions were less likely to have their hypertension addressed. Two relevant limitations of the study make it necessary to handle this statement with caution.First, Turner and colleagues equate intensification with “better quality of care” and nonintensification with “poor performance.” They do not acknowledge that increased blood pressure may be caused by reasons other than nonresponse to medical treatment, in which case other approaches are more appropriate than treatment intensification. Patients may have not adhered to the drug regimen or may have ...Reference1. Turner BJ, Hollenbeak CS, Weiner M, Ten Have T, Tang SS. Effect of unrelated comorbid conditions on hypertension management. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:578-86. [PMID: 18413619] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From National School of Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffect of Unrelated Comorbid Conditions on Hypertension Management Barbara J. Turner , Christopher S. Hollenbeak , Mark Weiner , Thomas Ten Have , and Simon S.K. Tang Treatment Intensification Does Not Always Lead to Better Quality of Care in Patients with Hypertension Barbara J. Turner , David St. Michel , and Simon Tang Metrics 2 September 2008Volume 149, Issue 5Page: 362KeywordsBlood pressureDrugsExerciseHealth careHealth care qualityHypertensionInterstitial lung diseasesPatientsPulmonary vascular diseasesVascular diseases ePublished: 2 September 2008 Issue Published: 2 September 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Inhibition of 11β–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II selectively blocks the tumor COX-2 pathway and suppresses colon carcinogenesis in mice and humans
Authors: Ming-Zhi Zhang, Jie Xu, Bing Yao, Huiyong Yin, Qiuyin Cai, Martha J. Shrubsole, Xiwu Chen, Valentina Kon, Wei Zheng, Ambra Pozzi, Raymond C. Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death, yet primary prevention remains the best approach to reducing overall morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that COX-2-derived PGE2 promotes CRC progression, and both nonselective COX inhibitors (NSAIDs) and selective COX-2 inhibitors (such as glucocorticoids) reduce the number and size of colonic adenomas. However, increased gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs and increased cardiovascular risks of selective COX-2 inhibitors limit their use in chemoprevention of CRC. We found that expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11betaHSD2), which converts active glucocorticoids to inactive keto-forms, increased in human colonic and Apc+/min mouse intestinal adenomas and correlated with increased COX-2 expression and activity. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition or gene silencing of 11betaHSD2 inhibited COX-2-mediated PGE2 production in tumors and prevented adenoma formation, tumor growth, and metastasis in mice. Inhibition of 11betaHSD2 did not reduce systemic prostacyclin production or accelerate atherosclerosis in mice, thereby avoiding the major cardiovascular side effects seen with systemic COX-2 inhibitors. Therefore, 11betaHSD2 inhibition represents what we believe to be a novel approach for CRC chemoprevention and therapy by increasing tumor glucocorticoid activity, which in turn selectively blocks local COX-2 activity.
"STANDARD" OPAQUE MEAL FOR RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS
Authors: A. C. Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1913)

Optic Neuriti&.This man received an inijection of 0.6 gram of salvarsan for syphiiitic rash.Twvo mlonths later he complained of pain in the eyes anicl headache.Ophthalnmoscopic exar.inationshowed milarked optic neuritis.The Wasser- mann reaction was positive.I at once administered asecond injectionof salvarsan.Tlheresult was wonderful; all symptoms rapidly disappeared, anld the man was dis- charged to duty with ilormiial vision, and lhas remnained perfectly well for over eighiteen molnths.Cerebral Lesions.Fleet Surgeon Bassett-Smith lhas kindly permitted me to add some nlotes mnde fromii his report on the pathological condition foulnd on examination of the brain of a miiani who died after tlle second injection of neo-salvarsan.The meningeal vessels were markedly conigested.Oedema was present in the cortex of the frontal area.On the right side tlle Sylviaii veini was full of hard clot extending half-way up the frontal lobe.The centrum ovale on section showed punctate haemorrlhagic spots.The internial capsule of botlh sides showed haemorrhagic areas with actute capillary congestion.The potis and medulla
Application of the Methylene Blue Staining Method to the Study of Experimentally PNNG-Induced Intestinal Metaplasia of the Canine Stomach
Authors: T. Hashimoto, S. Suzuku, T. Hasegawa, N. Sakakibara, M. Endo, S. Kobayashi, T. Takemoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

To elucidate the developmental process of the intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, PNNG was orally administered to dogs and the sequential endoscopic examination was performed by using the methylene blue staining method. In the early period of the drug administration dogs showed the findings of erosive gastritis at the antral portion. In the 42nd experimental week, a clearly stained lesion was observed at the gastric angle. The histological findings of the biopsy specimens from the stained lesion showed the elongation of the foveolar epithelium and goblet cell-like mucous cells. Apparently stained lesion was observed at the antral portion in the 128th week. The close-up endoscopic appearance was very similar to that of stained intestinal metaplasia seen in the human stomach. The endoscopic methylene blue staining method as performed in the experimental dogs could provide useful results in the observation of minute lesions especially intestinal metaplasia in human stomach. This experiment, and further studies, may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of the gastric carcinoma in humans.
Serotonin Regulates Macrophage-Mediated Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Colon Cancer Allografts
Authors: Antonio Nocito, Felix Dahm, Wolfram Jochum, Jae Hwi Jang, Panco Georgiev, Michael Bader, Rolf Graf, Pierre-Alain Clavien
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Serotonin, a neurotransmitter with numerous functions in the central nervous system (CNS), is emerging as an important signaling molecule in biological processes outside of the CNS. Recent advances have implicated serotonin as a regulator of inflammation, proliferation, regeneration, and repair. The role of serotonin in tumor biology in vivo has not been elucidated. Using a genetic model of serotonin deficiency (Tph1−/−) in mice, we show serotonin to be crucial for the growth of s.c. colon cancer allografts in vivo. Serotonin does not enhance tumor cell proliferation but acts as a regulator of angiogenesis by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) in tumor-infiltrating macrophages, entailing lower levels of angiostatin—an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. Accordingly, serotonin deficiency causes slower growth of s.c. tumors by reducing vascularity, thus increasing hypoxia and spontaneous necrosis. The biological relevance of these effects is underscored by the reconstitution of serotonin synthesis in Tph1−/− mice, which restores allograft phenotype in all aspects. In conclusion, we show how serotonin regulates angiogenesis in s.c. colon cancer allografts by influencing MMP-12 expression in tumor-infiltrating macrophages, thereby affecting the production of circulating angiostatin. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):5152–8]
Transient Intestinal Carriage after Ingestion of Antibiotic-Resistant<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>from Chicken and Pork
Authors: Thomas Lund Sørensen, Marianne Blom, Dominique L. Monnet, Niels Frimodt-Møller, Rikke Lykke Poulsen, Frank Espersen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Antibiotic-resistant enterococci are often present in retail meats, but it is unclear whether the ingestion of these contaminants leads to sustained intestinal carriage.
German doctors to strike over pay and conditions
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A German hospital doctors' organisation, the Marburger Bund, called on all 146 000 hospital doctors in Germany to take part in protest action this week to fight for better working conditions in hospitals and a pay increase of 30% of the current salary levels. On Friday 5 August about 3000 doctors from all over Germany were due to assemble for a protest march in Berlin.

The action is centred on the German states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Hessen, and the capital, Berlin, where most doctors in university hospitals recently had to accept pay cuts of about 10% and longer working hours. Doctors in university hospitals are usually directly …
Cholesterol Lowering and the Use of Healthcare Resources
Authors: Terje R. Pedersen, John Kjekshus, Kåre Berg, Anders G. Olsson, Lars Wilhelmsen, Hans Wedel, Kalevi Pyörälä, Tatu Miettinen, Torben Haghfelt, Ole Færgeman, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Bengt Jönsson, J. Sanford Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Advances in the treatment of cardiovascular disease have increased costs; annual cardiovascular healthcare expenditure in the United States currently exceeds $100 billion. Physicians and third-party payers need to assess the economic impact of treatments that reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which simvastatin reduced the risk of death by 30% (P=.0003) over the median follow-up period of 5.4 years in patients with previous myocardial infarction or stable angina pectoris as a result of a 42% reduction in the risk of coronary deaths (P=.00001). In the present report, data prospectively collected from hospital admissions were analyzed to evaluate the impact of simvastatin on healthcare resource use and perform a cost-minimization analysis. In the placebo group (n=2223), there were 1905 hospitalizations (average duration, 7.9 days) for acute cardiovascular events or coronary revascularization procedures among 937 patients, whereas in the simvastatin group (n=2221), there were 1403 such hospitalizations (average duration, 7.1 days) among 720 patients (all differences, P<.0001). The corresponding number of hospital days was 15089 and 9951 in the two groups, respectively (34% reduction,P<.0001). In the United States, the resulting reduction in hospitalization costs over the 5.4 years of the trial would be $3872 per patient, reducing the effective cost of simvastatin by 88% to $0.28 per day.In addition to reducing mortality and morbidity in coronary heart disease patients, simvastatin markedly reduces use of hospital services, thus offsetting most of its cost.
THE CHANGES IN SERUM PROTEINS AND BLOOD VOLUME DURING IMMUNIZATION
Authors: M. Bjørneboe, Stig Jarnum
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

In rabbits hyperimmunized with pneumococcal vaccine high concentrations of gamma globulin are produced. In such rabbits, plasma volume was determined with (131)I-labelled rabbit albumin and red cell volume with (51)-Cr-labelled autologous red cells. It was found that the plasma volume increased with increasing gamma globulin concentration, the highest values observed being about 10 gm. per cent gamma globulin and about 70 ml. plasma per kg as against normal values of 0.6 to 0.7 gm. per cent gamma globulin and 30 ml. plasma per kg. The red cell volume was the same in immunized and in normal rabbits and consequently hemoglobin concentration fell with increasing gamma globulin.
Diseases Due to Immunologic Reactions in the Lungs
Authors: Robert P. McCombs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Asthma with Pulmonary Infiltrates and EosinophiliaIt has been recognized for many years that some patients suffered from recurrent illnesses characterized by changing pulmonary infiltrates and marked eosinophilia, at times associated with asthma. The disorders were thought to have allergic causes, but these usually were not recognized. In this state of fragmentary knowledge they were designated as cases of "Loeffler's syndrome" or merely as patients with pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia.132 Pepys133 has written an important monograph in which earlier work on this subject was reviewed, and with his co-workers has clarified some of the immunologic mechanisms that may be responsible . . .
REGULAR CORNEAL ASTIGMATISM IS NOT ALWAYS CONGENITAL, NEITHER IS IT UNCHANGEABLE.
Authors: WILLIAM C. BANE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

That regular astigmatism of the cornea is not always congenital, is clearly stated in some of our standard text-books on ophthalmology. Noyes (2d rev. ed., p. 111) states that "some rare cases of regular corneal astigmatism are acquired, but as a rule the affection is congenital." Schmidt-Rimpler (3d ed. p. 84) believes: "as a rule the affection is congenital." Berry (2d ed., p. 543) says of astigmatism: "The cause is mostly a difference in the curvature of different meridians of the cornea, a difference which may be congenital or acquired." Hartridge (Refraction of the Eye, p. 122) expresses the view: "astigmatism is usually congenital, but may be acquired, and frequently there is some hereditary tendency." Henderson (Annals of Ophthalmology and Otology, Vol. v, p. 523) has reported one case of acquired regular corneal astigmatism. The literature bearing on acquired regular corneal astigmatism is certainly very limited. To be convinced that