tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The first laparoscopic surgeons
Authors: T. Miskry
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

I was surprised that Mr Agha and Mr Muir should state, in their well written and considered review (November 2003 JRSM1) that the laparoscopic era was launched with the description of laparoscopic cholecystectomy by a French general surgeon. In fact it is the humble gynaecologist who should take the credit for introducing the revolution of laparoscopic surgery. Thirty years ago Clarke2 described the first laparoscopic ligation and resection whilst Kurt Semm3—regarded as the ‘father of gynaecological laparoscopy’ described a variety of pelvic procedures (including hysterectomy) accomplished laparoscopically in 1980, a full ten years before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. I hope that this eliminates any confusion over which specialty pioneered the techniques now increasingly utilized in general surgery.
Paying the Nurses — Hospital Noise
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IT has been said that nurses nurse for an ideal. They are taught that their skill will enable them to heal sometimes, relieve often and comfort always.The developments of modern medicine have brought new interest to their work but have also increased their responsibilities, which may often involve assisting in complex and intricate procedures. Indeed, the dependence of the medical profession on nursing colleagues was aptly phrased at a nurses' prizegiving by the wife of a great soldier, who quoted her husband thus: "The doctors are like the generals, they plan the campaigns. The nurses are like the soldiers, . . .
646 APPLICABILITY OF THE BARCELONA CLINIC LIVER CANCER (BCLC) THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY AND IMPACT ON SURVIVAL IN A SINGLE TERCIARY CENTRE
Authors: M. Hernandez-Guerra, A. Hernandez-Camba, L. Arranz-Hernández, A. Jimenez-Sosa, J. Adolfo Ortega, N. Hernández-Alvarez, S. Pitti, F. Diaz, E. Quintero-Carrión
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Does cognitive development move beyond sensorimotor intelligence?
Authors: Catherine Sophian
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Thelen et al.'s account of cognition as the dynamic interaction of processes of perceiving, reaching, and remembering within a movement planning field is a useful articulation of the Piagetian concept of sensorimotor cognition. The claim that the same kind of analysis applies to all kinds of cognition at all ages, however, is questioned in light of the distinction between sensorimotor and symbolic cognition.
Occurrence of a late response to exercise in asthmatic children: multiple regression approach using time-matched baseline and histamine control days
Authors: W.B. Hofstra, P.J. Sterk, H.J. Neijens, J.M. Kouwenberg, P.G.H. Mulder, E.J. Duiverman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

At the present time, there is still controversy concerning the presence of a late asthmatic response (LAR) to exercise challenge in asthma. We have, therefore, investigated the occurrence of a LAR after exercise in asthmatic children visiting an out-patient clinic, using time-matched baseline and histamine control days, and a statistical analysis according to recently published recommendations. After a screening exercise day, 17 children (aged 7-14 yrs) randomly performed, on three subsequent study days, either: a second standardized exercise challenge; or a histamine challenge whilst matching the bronchoconstriction after exercise; or measurement of baseline lung function without any challenge. Measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were made repeatedly during 8 h. Analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis for each patient, with FEV1 as the dependent, and test day (exercise or control) and clock time as independent variables during the period 2-8 h after exercise. A significant interaction (p < 0.05) between test day and clock time was considered to be indicative of a LAR. Fifteen children completed the study. All children showed an early asthmatic reaction to exercise (range 14-62% fall in FEV1). In two children, a significant interaction (p < 0.05) was found between test day and clock time. However, the difference in FEV1 between exercise and control days for each clock time did not exceed the 99.6% confidence limits of normal diurnal variation in any of the children. We conclude that, in children with mild-to-moderate asthma, a LAR to exercise does not occur. This suggests that exercise is only a symptomatic trigger of asthma. Whether exercise is capable of inducing inflammation needs to be further investigated.
Abstract 1134: RNAi screening of human kinome identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) as potential molecular target in basal-like breast cancers (BLBC).
Authors: Kai Hung Tiong, Boon Shing Tan, Heng Lungh Choo, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, Rozita Rosli, Soon-Keng Cheong, Chee-Onn Leong
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Global gene expression profiling has uncovered previously unrecognized subsets of human breast cancer, including the so-called "triple-negative" or "basal-like" tumours (BLBC) characterized by estrogen/progesterone receptor negativity, lack of Her-2/Neu amplification and high frequency of p53 mutation. These refractory tumours therefore are insensitive to hormonal therapy or trastuzumab-based therapy, and thus confer a markedly poor prognosis relative to other subtypes. To date, little progress has been made to identify specific molecular pathways associated with these refractory cancers that may be effectively targeted for therapeutic purposes. Using a human kinome RNAi library screen, we show that knock-down of endogenous human FGFR4 (but not FGFR1-3) induces significant tumor-specific cell death in basal-like breast cancer cells. Further analysis reveals that FGFR4 mediates the BLBC cells survival through activation of AKT as knock-down of endogenous FGFR4 in MDA-MB-468 and HCC1937 cells significantly reduced AKT phosphorylation. Consistently, ectopic expression of a constitutively active myristoylated AKT completely abrogates the apoptosis induced by FGFR4 knock-down. Interestingly, both MDA-MB-468 and HCC1937 also secrete fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a canonical ligand specific for FGFR4. RNAi-mediated silencing of FGF19 evidently suppresses the growth of these BLBC cells via AKT signalling as marked by diminished AKT phosphorylation following depletion of FGF19. Knockdown of FGF19 in addition triggers ERK1/2 activation to compensate for AKT signalling down-regulation in MDA-MB-468. Together, our results demonstrated the existence of a FGFR4-FGF19 autocrine loop which could potentially be developed as therapeutic target for future treatment of BLBC. Citation Format: Kai Hung Tiong, Boon Shing Tan, Heng Lungh Choo, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, Rozita Rosli, Soon-Keng Cheong, Chee-Onn Leong. RNAi screening of human kinome identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) as potential molecular target in basal-like breast cancers (BLBC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1134. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1134
Alterations in Thyroid Function in Patients with Systemic Illness: The “Euthyroid Sick Syndrome”*
Authors: LEONARD WARTOFSKY, KENNETH D. BURMAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1982)

GENERALLY, the purpose of assessing thyroid function in a given patient is to determine his metabolic status. In patients with systemic nonthyroidal illness, as well as in those undergoing a variety of other stresses, this determination is complicated by effects at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. With the availability of thyrptropin releasing hormone (TRH) and the recent development of sensitive methods for the direct measurement of serum 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3 (rT3)), considerable progress has been made in gaining an understanding of the significance of the alterations in thyroid hormone economy that accompany nonthyroidal illness, stress, and the administration of certain pharmacological agents. According to basic tenets of negative feedback control of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion by circulating free thyroid hormones, alterations in hormone binding in nonthyroidal illness that produce increases in free hormone should result in predictably decreased TSH responses to TRH stimulation. Indeed, the magnitude of TSH response to TRH is often taken to be the most specific clue to the true metabolic state of the organism, and the recent publication of studies that examined the status of TRH responsiveness in nonthyroidal illness has provided critical information in this regard.
Change of treatment from cyclosporin to mycophenolate mofetil in severe psoriasis
Authors: S.C. Davison, R. Morris-Jones, A.V. Powles, L. Fry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Eight patients whose severe psoriasis was treated with long-term cyclosporin (range 2-11 years; mean 7.6 years) were changed to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), because of nephrotoxicity in seven and hypertension and lack of efficacy in one. In five patients psoriasis control significantly deteriorated and in three patients disease control deteriorated slightly in periods ranging from 2 to 32 weeks. Renal function improved in all six patients with cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity treated with MMF for more than 2 weeks. From this data it would appear that MMF is not as effective as cyclosporin in controlling severe psoriasis. However, MMF did offer reasonable disease control in three of eight patients and allowed renal function to improve, and so may have a place in the treatment of some patients unable to take cyclosporin because of renal toxicity.
Increased α-Fetoprotein Likely Induced by Complementary Health Products
Authors: Clarinda Chua, Iain B. Tan, Su-Pin Choo, Han-Chong Toh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

A 30-year-old asymptomatic Chinese woman presented at the National Cancer Centre Singapore after a routine executive health screening performed 3 months earlier showed a significantly increased ␣-fetoprotein (AFP) level of 218 g/L (upper limit of normal, 7.1 g/L).The patient had performed a health screening 4 years earlier that showed a normal AFP level of 4.2 g/L.The patient was a vegetarian, never-smoker, and nondrinker and had no significant past medical or family history.She was single and nulliparous with a body mass index BMI of 15 kg/m 2 .A repeat assay confirmed another increased AFP reading of 220 g/L with an increased AFP-L3 fraction of 16.8% (upper limit of normal, 14.9%).Hepatitis B and C viral markers were unremarkable except for hallmarks of a previous hepatitis B vaccination.The liver biochemistry of the patient demonstrated borderline transaminitis AST of 53 U/L (laboratory reference range, 15 to 33 U/L) and ALT of 37 U/L (reference range, 7 to 36 U/L).All other blood tests including tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA-153, ␤-human chorionic gonadotropin, and CA-125), endocrine work-up (follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, estradiol, thyroid-function tests, and fasting lipid and glucose levels) and work-up for chronic liver disease (ceruloplasmin, serum and urine copper levels, ␣-1 antitrypsin levels, and autoimmune screen) were unremarkable.Complete blood counts and electrolyte levels were also normal.Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen were normal with no fatty change, cirrhosis, or suspicious liver lesions and nodules.To exclude pineal, mediastinal, and gynecologic germ-cell tumors, MRI of the brain, a CT scan of the thorax.and a pelvic ultrasound were performed, all of which were normal.With malignancy and GI causes excluded, we explored other possible etiologies from the medication history of the patient.The patient had been participating in an alternative health program in the United States and also consumed a list of more than 30 health supplements purchased from Asian distributors.She was not taking any other prescription medication.We advised her to stop all health supplements and monitored her AFP levels thereafter.Over 10 months, there was a serial decrease in AFP that reached a nadir of 97.7 g/L with an AFP-L3 fraction that normalized to 4.7%, AFP-L3% being the ratio of AFP-L3 to total AFP expressed as a percentage (Figs 1 and2).Her liver function remained stable with mildly increased aminotransferases as before.However, the AFP level of the patient subsequently rose again to 152 g/L, and the AFP-L3 fraction increased to 16.8%.Levels peaked at 717 g/L (AFP) and 33.5% (AFP-L3%) in October 2010.An extensive work-up was again conducted.Tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, CA 125, and CA 15-3) remained normal.Liver biochemistry remained stable.MRI of
1207 High-dose peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS) and ribavirin (COPEGUS) in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 who failed to respond to interferon alfa and ribavirin
Authors: M DIAGO, M ROMEROGOMEZ, H DEVALME, J CRESPO, H VALDECILLA, A OLVEIRA, H LAPAZ, R PEREZ, R BARCENA, J SANCHEZTAPIAS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Centrilobular Hepatic Necrosis and Acute Renal Failure in "Solvent Sniffers"
Authors: RICHARD D. BAERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Three teenagers with a history of drug abuse developed acute hepatic injury after the inhalation of Carbona® cleaning fluid, a commercial preparation that contains trichloroethylene. Two of these patients had evidence of acute renal injury, presumably due to tubular necrosis. Electrocardiographic and electroencephalographic abnormalities were also noted. Hepatic biopsies in two patients showed acute centrilobular necrosis. Both biopsies also showed evidence of mild centrilobular fibrosis, probably a result of previous injury from exposure to trichloroethylene. Carbona "sniffing" seems to be increasingly popular among adolescents, and its use in a group that has abused other drugs complicates an already difficult situation.
Safety of long-term high-dose minocycline in the treatment of acne
Authors: V. GOULDEN, D. GLASS, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Minocycline is widely used as a second‐line antimicrobial for acne vulgaris. Some patients require doses of up to 200 mg daily to control their acne. To assess the long‐term safety of minocycline when used at higher doses, 700 patients treated with minocycline at doses of 100 mg daily, 100/200 mg on alternate days and 200mg daily, were recruited. The mean duration of treatment was 10·5 months. Side‐effects were monitored and full blood count, blood urea, electrolytes and liver function tests were carried out on 200 of the 700 patients. Side‐effects were recorded in 13·6%, and included vestibular disturbance, Candida infection, gastrointestinal disturbance, cutaneous symptoms (pigmentation, pruritus, photosensitive rash and urticaria) and benign intracranial hypertension. Pigmentation was the only side‐effect found to be significantly increased in patients taking higher doses of minocycline, as compared with lower doses (P < 0·01). All patients with pigmentation had taken a total cumulative dose of over 70g. No significant abnormalities were found in any of the haematological and biochemical profiles. We conclude that minocycline, at doses of up to 200 mg/day, is safe, long‐term, for acne, when such doses are clinically necessary.
Heavy Metal Poisoning: Mercury and Lead
Authors: JEAN S. FELTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The addition of mercury and lead to the widening spectrum of environmental polluters has made us examine the use of these materials in our industrial culture and reconsider the relationship of bioassay levels to clinical systems and the mechanisms of heavy metal poisoning. Mining and use of mercury have been continuous for over 2000 years, and in the last several decades it has been outlawed from some industrial uses. Concern over organic mercurials has replaced former interest in the elemental metal. Patients are being seen because of absorption of these metals from various sources and are presenting with pictures of frank intoxication. The clinical patterns are multiple, and current laboratory tests confirm the increased absorption by persons exposed. Epidemiologic surveys have established levels of these metals in air and water, and pharmacologists have identified the systems of tissue binding. Therapeutic methods do exist for lowering the body burden of both mercury and lead.
Sarcoidosis With Plasmacytosis
Authors: Francisco Civantos
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Excessive number of plasma cells in the bone marrow is not of itself evidence of multiple myeloma. Increased numbers have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis,<sup>1</sup>acute rheumatic fever,<sup>2</sup>various collagen disorders and hypersensitivity reactions,<sup>3</sup>hepatic cirrhosis, and Hodgkin's disease.<sup>4,5</sup> The occurrence of plasmacytosis in sarcoidosis is quite unusual. In reviewing 50 cases of nonmalignant plasmacytic disease, Clark and Muirhead included one case of sarcoid with 12.2% plasma cells in the bone marrow,<sup>3</sup>and Klein and Block, in reviewing 60 cases of plasmacytosis, mentioned two cases of sarcoid with bone marrow plasmacytosis.<sup>1</sup> The discovery of sheets of cells with a 19% plasmacytosis in a patient with sarcoidosis forms the basis for this report. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 29-year-old Negro woman was admitted to Chanute AFB Hospital because of the onset of a small hard mass at the angle of the left
Dozens of scientists quit Texas cancer agency review panels, claiming that business interests trumped merit
Authors: K. Epstein
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A publicly financed $3bn (£1.9bn; €2.3bn) effort to spur innovative cancer research, reduce cancer rates, and speed up the commercialization of new treatments has floundered amid controversy after the mass resignation of nearly three dozen scientists, including two Nobel laureates, from review committees.

The scientists were peer reviewers for the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT), who considered whether proposals deserved to be funded with taxpayers’ money. They complained that grants were being awarded on the basis of politics and business development ambitions rather than scientific merit.

Texas created the agency in 2007 after efforts by the cancer survivor and cyclist Lance Armstrong and the state’s governor, Rick Perry, to gain voters’ approval to finance a state run agency to fight cancer.

The agency has handed out more than 420 grants worth some $700m, the second largest source of government funding for cancer research after the National Institutes of Health, a federally funded institute that is facing limitations on funding.

Many experts viewed the agency as a prototype for establishing new sources of funding and nurturing start-up companies to accelerate the delivery …
Genes on ice
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Under homeostatic conditions, epithelial cells remain non-migratory. However, during embryonic developmental and pathological processes, they become migratory. The mechanism underlying the transition between non-migratory and migratory epithelial cells is a fundamental question of cellular biology. In well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cell layers, non-migratory epithelial cells become migratory through an unjamming transition (UJT). We have previously identified the hallmarks of UJT: apical cell elongation and collective cellular migration. These indicate that UJT is driven by intercellular force modulation, but the nature of these forces in pseudostratified epithelia is unknown. Here, we identify structural characteristics of basal stem cells that are indicative of force generation. During the UJT, basal stem cells elongate and enlarge, and their stress fibers lengthen and align. These morphological changes in basal stem cells correspond to the previously defined hallmarks of the UJT. Moreover, basal cell elongation and stress fiber lengthening precedes apical cell elongation. Together, these structural changes in basal stem cells suggest that in pseudostratified airway epithelium, basal stem cells may be the origin of the traction forces through stress fiber modeling during the UJT. <h3>Summary Statement</h3> Our image analysis of pseudostratified airway epithelium reveals basal stem cells as the likely source of traction forces driving collective cellular migration during an unjamming transition.
Mutational spectrum analysis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia includes genes associated with epigenetic regulation: UTX, EZH2, and DNMT3A
Authors: Anna M. Jankowska, Hideki Makishima, Ramon V. Tiu, Hadrian Szpurka, Yun Huang, Fabiola Traina, Valeria Visconte, Yuka Sugimoto, Courtney Prince, Christine O'Keefe, Eric D. Hsi, Alan List, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Anjana Rao, Michael A. McDevitt, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2011)
Amplification of LAPTM4B and YWHAZ contributes to chemotherapy resistance and recurrence of breast cancer
Authors: Yang Li, Lihua Zou, Qiyuan Li, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, Ruiyang Tian, Yan Li, Christine Desmedt, Christos Sotiriou, Zoltan Szallasi, J Dirk Iglehart, Andrea L Richardson, Zhigang Charles Wang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Book Review Evaluating the Science and Ethics of Research on Humans: A Guide for IRB Members By Dennis J. Mazur. 252 pp. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. $50 (cloth); $29.95 (paper). 978-0-8018-8501-3 (cloth); 978-0-8018-8502-0 (paper).
Authors: Karen J. Maschke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Fewer, larger centres are needed to improve children's heart surgery, report says
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A report on children’s heart surgery in England is recommending fewer, larger centres, each with a minimum of four full time surgeons, as part of efforts to ensure that all children have equal access to the highest standards of care.

Four of the 11 heart surgery centres in England currently have two or fewer paediatric surgeons, says the report, produced by an expert group at the request of the NHS’s National Specialised Commissioning Group. A public consultation this autumn will decide which centres should continue to provide surgery.

After reviewing the current service the expert group found that some centres cannot provide care round the clock and …
Efficacy and safety of once daily elvitegravir versus twice daily raltegravir in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 receiving a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor: randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority study
Authors: Jean-Michel Molina, Anthony LaMarca, Jaime Andrade-Villanueva, Bonaventura Clotet, Nathan Clumeck, Ya-Pei Liu, Lijie Zhong, Nicolas Margot, Andrew K Cheng, Steven L Chuck
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2011)
Metformin prevents experimental gentamicin-induced nephropathy by a mitochondria-dependent pathway
Authors: Ana I. Morales, Dominique Detaille, Marta Prieto, Angel Puente, Elsa Briones, Miguel Arévalo, Xavier Leverve, José M. López-Novoa, Mohamad-Yehia El-Mir
Journal: Kidney International (2010)