tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contrasting patterns of coronary atherosclerosis in normocholesterolaemic smokers and patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia.
Authors: D D Sugrue, G R Thompson, C M Oakley, I M Trayner, R E Steiner
Journal: BMJ (1981)

An angiographic comparison was made of the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in 25 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and 25 normocholesterolaemic patients with coronary artery disease in whom heavy cigarette consumption was the chief risk factor. The patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia were younger and included a much higher proportion of women than the smokers. Significantly more patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia had disease of the main stem of the left coronary artery (eight v none, p less than 0.05) and triple-vessel disease (18 v four, p less than 0.05). Disease affecting only distal vessels occurred in five smokers, whereas all the patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia showed a combination of proximal and distal lesions. These findings suggest that cigarette smoking and familial hypercholesterolaemia predispose to different patterns of coronary atheroma. Early coronary angiography with a view to coronary artery bypass surgery seems desirable in symptomatic patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia because of the common association of this disorder with life-threatening left main-stem disease.
A substitution at a non-glycine position in the triple-helical domain of pro alpha 2(I) collagen chains present in an individual with a variant of the Marfan syndrome.
Authors: C L Phillips, A W Shrago-Howe, S R Pinnell, R J Wenstrup
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

A substitution for a highly conserved non-glycine residue in the triple-helical domain of the pro alpha 2(I) collagen molecule was found in an individual with a variant of the Marfan syndrome. A single base change resulted in substitution of arginine618 by glutamine at the Y position of a Gly-X-Y repeat, and is responsible for the decreased migration in SDS-polyacrylamide gels of some pro alpha 2(I) chains of type I collagen synthesized by dermal fibroblasts from this individual. Family studies suggest that this substitution was inherited from the individual's father who also produces abnormally migrating pro alpha 2(I) collagen chains and shares some of the abnormal skeletal features. This single base change creates a new Bsu36 I (Sau I, Mst II) restriction site detectable in genomic DNA by Southern blot analysis when probed with a COL1A2 fragment. The analysis of 52 control individuals (103 chromosomes) was negative for the new Bsu36 I site, suggesting that the substitution is not a common polymorphism.
Transplants from living donors in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a centre survey.
Authors: P. K. Donnelly, D. G. Clayton, A. R. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

A survey was carried out to determine for the first time the extent of transplantation from living donors in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and the views of transplant surgeons regarding future developments. Questionnaires were sent to 32 transplant centres representing 18 health regions and covered their extent of experience of transplantation, sources of donors, ages of donors and recipients, outcome of transplantation, and views on expansion of living donor transplantation services. Replies received from 27 transplant centres representing 17 health regions gave data on more than 1200 transplants from living donors. Transplants from living donors accounted for 0-25% of the total experience of health regions. Two centres had abandoned living donor transplantation. Sixty per cent of transplant surgeons favoured expansion of the living donor programme to meet a shortage of kidneys from cadavers, and the remainder thought that existing programmes were optimal. Living donor transplantation promises to be an important factor in the future planning of health care resources.
Remarks on Errors of Diagnosis
Authors: J. R. Beddome
Journal: BMJ (1841)

momentuni to cause enlargemeiit.It is conceivablc that the condition of the atiricle, as to size, might hlave beeii different, if tlhe left, ventricle, as well as the right, had been increased in power, for thenl the suc- tion caused by the dilatation of a powerful ventricle would have filled, it may be suipposed, the pulmonary veins, and likewise the auricle, anid the latter, not being able to empty itself through the cointracted mitral openiings, would be kept iil a distended conl-
Precision and reproducibility of quantitative coronary angiography with applications to controlled clinical trials. A sampling study.
Authors: R H Selzer, C Hagerty, S P Azen, M Siebes, P Lee, A Shircore, D H Blankenhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Most computer methods that quantify coronary artery disease from angiograms are designed to analyze frames recorded during the end-diastolic portion of the cardiac cycle. The purpose of this study was to determine if end diastole is the best portion of the cardiac cycle to sample, or if other sampling schemes produce more precise and/or reproducible estimates of coronary disease. 20 cinecoronary angiograms were selected at random from a controlled clinical trial testing the effects of plasma lipid lowering on atherosclerosis. Sampling schemes included sequential and random sampling of two to five frames within the complete cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole. Three vessel measures and percent stenosis were evaluated for each sampling scheme. From the sampling experiment, it was determined that sampling sequentially end diastole yielded the most precise estimates (i.e., exhibiting minimum variability within a cycle) of the vessel measures. With regard to reproducibility (i.e., similar values across cycles), sampling randomly within the cycle was best. Overall, the average diameter of a vessel segment was the most precise and the most reproducible of the measures. Sample size calculations are given for each of these measures under the best sampling scheme.
Anoxia of Canine Brain Without Damage
Authors: William A. Neely, Julian R. Youmans
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ALL OF US have observed patients with apparent severe brain damage secondary to anoxia. These patients frequently have a transient period of hypertension, and then many go into shock. Nevertheless some survive such an episode with an apparently normal recovery as reported by Sadove et al.<sup>1</sup>One wonders whether the lowered blood pressure is caused by cardiovascular collapse which is primary or collapse which is secondary to central nervous system damage. Using dogs, we have attempted to learn more about these mechanisms by utilizing some of the techniques employed by Harvey Cushing as well as more modern methods. Specifically, we have used the technique of increasing the cerebrospinal fluid pressure to produce cessation of the cerebral blood flow. Cushing<sup>2</sup>demonstrated the rise in blood pressure that accompanies the rise in cerebrospinal pressure. He also demonstrated, by means of transparent fluid-tight windows maintained in the skulls of dogs,
Association between Psychopathic Disorder and Serum Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus (Type 1)
Authors: J. F. Cleobury, G. R. B. Skinner, M. E. Thouless, P. Wildy
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The sera of a small of patients has been examined for herpes simplex virus antibody. Three clinically-defined groups of patients were compared: (a) aggressive psychopaths, (b) psychiatric controls, and (c) general hospital patients. The first group had an unusually high average kinetic neutralization constant against type 1 herpes simplex virus.
Judge over-rules earlier decision on Charlotte Wyatt
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A high court judge in London last week lifted the declaration that he made a year ago that gave doctors treating a severely disabled 2 year old legal protection if they refused to ventilate her in the event of a life threatening emergency. Mr Justice Hedley discharged the declaration because Charlotte Wyatt, who had her second birthday on the day of his judgment, had considerably improved and there might be circumstances in which it would be in her best interests to ventilate her.
Synaptic Glutamate Release by Ventromedial Hypothalamic Neurons Is Part of the Neurocircuitry that Prevents Hypoglycemia
Authors: Qingchun Tong, ChianPing Ye, Rory J. McCrimmon, Harveen Dhillon, Brian Choi, Melissa D. Kramer, Jia Yu, Zongfang Yang, Lauryn M. Christiansen, Charlotte E. Lee, Cheol Soo Choi, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Gerald I. Shulman, Robert S. Sherwin, Joel K. Elmquist, Bradford B. Lowell
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Tourette's syndrome
Authors: A. E. Cavanna, S. Seri
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Tourette's syndrome is a tic disorder that is often associated with behavioural symptoms Diagnostic criteria are based on the presence of both motor and vocal tics; because of its varied presentations, the syndrome has the potential to be misdiagnosed Prevalence is higher than commonly assumed; coprolalia is relatively rare (10-30%) and not required for diagnosisThe syndrome can cause serious distress and compromise health related quality of lifeThe main management strategies include psychoeducation, behavioural techniques, and drugs Service provision is patchy even in developed countries and patients of all ages often "fall through the net" between neurology and psychiatry
Long Hours and Risks to and From Residents
Authors: Richard V. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> None of the recent letters regarding moonlighting house staff and hazardous driving examine whether physicians are particularly safe or good drivers.<sup>1,2</sup>The letter writers naively assume that automobile driving is safe and that physicians are adequate motorists. There is a well-recognized syndrome of serious or fatal aircraft pilot errors among physician-pilots. There is a popular notion that physicians, considering themselves indispensable and duty bound, take hazardous personal and vehicular risks, regardless of their state of well-being. Contemporary automobile driving can induce drowsiness even in well-rested people; after all, most automobiles are comfortably upholstered and quiet and reverberate with soothing music. The current campaign to shorten oncall hours for residents ought to be motivated to improve resident education and patient care, not to reduce resident debt (that is a separate and exceptionally important issue), to justify or encourage moonlighting, to destroy or demythologize the history of residency
Home prothrombin time monitoring: A literature analysis
Authors: David T. Yang, Ryan S. Robetorye, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

The anticoagulant activity of warfarin sodium is monitored by the prothrombin time (PT) using the international normalized ratio (INR). Standard oral anticoagulant therapy monitoring requires frequent patient visits to physicians' offices and/or laboratories to optimize warfarin dosage. Home PT monitoring by patients can increase testing frequency and may thus decrease complications associated with oral anticoagulant therapy. Clinical studies suggest that home PT monitoring is more effective than uncoordinated management and is as effective as care through specialized anticoagulation clinics for keeping INRs within a therapeutic range. There are accurate and reliable instruments available, but paramount to the success of home PT monitoring is sound patient selection, appropriate patient training, and consistent quality control.
Doctors call for nicotine in cigarettes to be reduced
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

British and American doctors have called on their governments to reduce nicotine in cigarettes to non-addictive levels. At the same time the leaders of seven health organisations in the United Kingdom have asked for an overhaul of the current arrangements for testing and regulating the tar, nicotine, and addictive agents in cigarettes.

A report from the American Medical Association's council on scientific affairs in the latest issue of Tobacco Control (1998;7:281-93) recommends that the addictiveness of cigarettes should be reduced within five to 10 years; there should be more research on producing less addictive cigarettes; tobacco products should be labelled more accurately, with a clearer indication of nicotine content; the monitoring of trends in …
LETTER FROM INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.
Authors: Thad. M. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1883)

<h3>Mr. Editor:</h3> —The two medical colleges (regular) of this city opened the session of 1883-4 in September last, the Medical College of Indiana with fifty students, and the Central College of Physicians and Surgeons with twenty. The average attendance during the year at the former is 100, the latter fifty. Both these schools now require a preliminary examination of students before admission to the course of lectures. This is the first step in the line of progress towards a better and higher medical education. We cannot fail to notice the good effect that the agitation of the "regulation of the practice" has produced, and also the beneficial influence exerted by the Illinois State Board of Health in this direction. For some years past the State of Indiana has been the receptacle for the incompetent and worthless practitioners that have been driven from Illinois, and it is high time that the
THE WORK AT THE MADRAS OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL
Authors: R. H. Elliot
Journal: BMJ (1913)

92CAL LouRxL 1'UB3IC HEALTTh.E. 4, Tt 3Tconditions.It must be remembered that the main inspira- tory tract is upwards into the middle and superior meatal regions, and tllat the passage of air through the inferior meatus is secondary to this upward flow.
'Society's love affair with violence' cited as major factor in child abuse
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS-POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE, WEIGHT LOSS OR BOTH ON LARGE ARTERY STIFFNESS IN SUBJECTS WITH OBSTRUCTS SLEEP APNEA
Authors: Julio A. Chirinos, Indira Gurubhagavatula, Allan Pack, Karen Teff, Thomas Wadden, Daniel Rader, Gary Foster, Alexandra Hanlon, Greg Maislin, Jesse Chittams, Preston Broderick, Hassam Saif, Raymond Townsend
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
471 Long-term follow-up of previous HCV positive non responders to interferon monotherapy successfully retreated with combination therapy (IFN-A2B + ribavirin). Results of a prospective study
Authors: A. Ciancio, A. Olivero, A. Smedile, C. Colletta, G. Croce, L. Roffi, G. Cariti, A. Macor, A. Di Napoli, G.F. Tappero, A. Biglino, M. Andreoni, M. Rizzetto, G. Saracco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Methods in Bone Biology
Authors: A J FREEMONT
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Methods in Bone Biology . Edited by T R Arnett, B Henderson. (Pp 314; £89). London: Thomson Science and Professional, 1998. ISBN 412-757702.

Diseases of bone are among the most common in the world. Rarely do they kill but they cause serious morbidity. As in all diseases, understanding the biology of tissues and changes that occur in diseased states is fundamental to patient management. For some time there has been a need for a book that summarises a “state of the art” understanding of bone biology. This book is designed to fill this niche.

The book follows the usual structure of such works, in that it is multi-authored and edited in a …
Peripheral blood flow in menopausal women who have hot flushes and in those who do not.
Authors: J. Ginsburg, P. Hardiman, B. O'Reilly
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To compare blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral vascular responsiveness in menopausal women who have hot flushes and in those who do not, and to assess the effect on these variables of treating women who have hot flushes with oestriol, a natural oestrogen, given vaginally.An open, non-randomised cohort study of flushing and non-flushing menopausal women. A before and after investigation of the effects of vaginal oestriol treatment on the circulation.Referral based endocrinology clinic.88 Consecutive menopausal women, 63 complaining of frequent hot flushes and 25 who had not flushed for at least a year.Treatment with vaginal oestriol 0.5 mg at night for six weeks in 18 of the women who had hot flushes.Peripheral blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography at rest and in response to stressful mental arithmetic and anoxic forearm exercises. Blood flow in the forearm and its variability were significantly higher in flushing than in non-flushing women (4.1 (SD 1.7) and 3.1 (0.9) ml/100 ml tissue/min and 17% and 13% respectively). Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood flow in the hand were, however, similar in the two groups. No difference was found in the peripheral incremental response to either stress or anoxic exercise. Vaginal oestriol significantly lowered forearm blood flow from 4.4 (1.5) to 3.3 (1.1) ml/100 ml tissue/min but dilator responsiveness was unaffected.The peripheral circulation is different in menopausal women who have hot flushes compared with those who do not, with selective vasodilatation in the forearm. The lowered blood flow in the forearm after vaginal oestriol in flushing women may be relevant to the alleviation of vasomotor symptoms induced by oestrogen treatment.
Secretion of HLA-A and -B antigens via an alternative RNA splicing pathway.
Authors: M S Krangel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Human class I major histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A, -B and -C) are integral membrane protein heterodimers, which are anchored in the membrane via a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids near the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain. It has previously been shown that a mutagenized cell line secretes a water soluble form of the HLA-A2 antigen, due to a pattern of RNA splicing that removes exon 5 (encoding the transmembrane hydrophobic amino acids) from mature, HLA-A2--encoding transcripts. The present study was undertaken to assess whether a similar process might be operative in nonmutagenized cells. It is shown that water soluble class I molecules (primarily HLA-A24) are secreted by the T leukemic cell line HPB-ALL, and that alternative splicing removes exon 5 from a fraction of HLA-A24--encoding transcripts. It is further shown that class I molecules are secreted, possibly in an allele-specific fashion, from a variety of tumor cells and normal cells. The possible relationship between these findings and previous reports of HLA-A and -B antigens in human serum is discussed.
CONTUSION OF THE LUNG WITHOUT EXTERNAL INJURIES
Authors: Ed. M. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1909)

JOURSH 139With the exception of one patient who was treated with bovine tuberculin.Koch's new tuberculin was used in all the cases.In future tuberculin of bovine origin will be given a trial in a certain proportion of cases.This method of selection for treatment by tuberculin in cases of pul- monary tuberculosis has been found useful and practical.It is safe and easily applied in the ordinary routine of sanatorium work.REFEREN CES.
Programmed death-1/B7-H1 negative costimulation protects mouse liver against ischemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: Haofeng Ji, Xiuda Shen, Feng Gao, Bibo Ke, Maria Cecilia S. Freitas, Yoichiro Uchida, Ronald W. Busuttil, Yuan Zhai, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/B7-H1 costimulation acts as a negative regulator of host alloimmune responses. Although CD4 T cells mediate innate immunity-dominated ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) in the liver, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study focused on the role of PD-1/B7-H1 negative signaling in liver IRI. We used an established mouse model of partial liver warm ischemia (90 minutes) followed by reperfusion (6 hours). Although disruption of PD-1 signaling after anti–B7-H1 monoclonal antibody treatment augmented hepatocellular damage, its stimulation following B7-H1 immunoglobulin (B7-H1Ig) fusion protected livers from IRI, as evidenced by low serum alanine aminotransferase levels and well-preserved liver architecture. The therapeutic potential of B7-H1 engagement was evident by diminished intrahepatic T lymphocyte, neutrophil, and macrophage infiltration/activation; reduced cell necrosis/apoptosis but enhanced anti-necrotic/apoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-xl; and decreased proinflammatory chemokine/cytokine gene expression in parallel with selectively increased interleukin (IL)-10. Neutralization of IL-10 re-created liver IRI and rendered B7-H1Ig–treated hosts susceptible to IRI. These findings were confirmed in T cell–macrophage in vitro coculture in which B7-H1Ig diminished tumor necrosis factor-α/IL-6 levels in an IL-10–dependent manner. Our novel findings document the essential role of the PD-1/B7-H1 pathway in liver IRI. Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate that stimulating PD-1 signals ameliorated liver IRI by inhibiting T cell activation and Kupffer cell/macrophage function. Harnessing mechanisms of negative costimulation by PD-1 upon T cell–Kupffer cell cross-talk may be instrumental in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis by minimizing organ damage and promoting IL-10–dependent cytoprotection. (Hepatology 2010.)
Erythropoietins should be used according to guidelines
Authors: Matti S Aapro, Gunnar Birgegård, Carsten Bokemeyer, Paul Cornes, Jan Foubert, Pere Gascon, John Glaspy, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Hartmut Link, Heinz Ludwig, Anders Österborg, Lazzaro Repetto, Pierre Soubeyran
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2008)