tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Hormone Action IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLUBILIZED NUCLEAR RECEPTORS FROM RAT LIVER AND CULTURED GH1 CELLS
Authors: Herbert H. Samuels, Jir S. Tsai, Juan Casanova, Frederick Stanley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

We previously reported that putative nuclear receptors for thyroid hormone can be demonstrated by incubation of hormone either with intact GH(1) cells, a rat pituitary tumor cell line, or with isolated GH(1) cell nuclei and rat liver nuclei in vitro. We characterized further the kinetics of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) binding and the biochemical properties of the nuclear receptor after extraction to a soluble form with 0.4 M KCl. In vitro binding of [(125)I]T3 and [(125)I]T4 with GH(1) cell and rat liver nuclear extract was examined at 0 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Equilibrium was attained within 5 min at 37 degrees C and 2 h at 0 degrees C. The binding activity from GH(1) cells was stable for at least 1 h at 37 degrees C and 10 days at - 20 degrees C. Chromatography on a weak carboxylic acid column and inactivation by trypsin and Pronase, but not by DNase or RNase, suggested that the putative receptor was a nonhistone protein. The estimated equilibrium dissociation constants (K(d)) for hormone binding to the solubilized nuclear binding activity was 1.80 x 10(-10) M (T3) and 1.20 x 10(-9) M (T4) for GH(1) cells and 1.57 x 10(-10) M (T3) and 2.0 x 10(-9) M (T4) for rat liver. These K(d) values for T3 are virtually identical to those which we previously reported with isolated rat liver nuclei and GH(1) cell nuclei in vitro. The 10-fold greater affinity for T3 compared to T4 in the nuclear extract is also identical to that observed with intact GH(1) cells. In addition, the [(125)I]T3 and [(125)I]T4 high-affinity binding in the nuclear extract were inhibited by either nonradioactive T3 or T4, which suggests that the binding activity in nuclear extract was identical for T3 and T4. In contrast, the binding activity for T4 and T3 in GH(1) cell cytosol was markedly different from that observed with nuclear extract (K(d) values were 2.87 x 10(-10) M for T4 and 1.13 x 10(-9) M for T3). Our results indicate that nuclear receptors for T3 and T4 can be isolated in a soluble and stable form with no apparent change in hormonal affinity. This should allow elucidation of the mechanisms of thyroid hormone action at the molecular level.
Familial Cancer Associated with a Polymorphism in<i>ARLTS1</i>
Authors: George Adrian Calin, Francesco Trapasso, Masayoshi Shimizu, Calin Dan Dumitru, Sai Yendamuri, Andrew K. Godwin, Manuela Ferracin, Guido Bernardi, Devjani Chatterjee, Gustavo Baldassarre, Shashi Rattan, Hansjuerg Alder, Hideaki Mabuchi, Takeshi Shiraishi, Lise Lotte Hansen, Jens Overgaard, Vlad Herlea, Francesca Romana Mauro, Guillaume Dighiero, Benjamin Movsas, Laura Rassenti, Thomas Kipps, Raffaele Baffa, Alfredo Fusco, Masaki Mori, Giandomenico Russo, Chang Gong Liu, Donna Neuberg, Florencia Bullrich, Massimo Negrini, Carlo M. Croce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The finding of hemizygous or homozygous deletions at band 14 on chromosome 13 in a variety of neoplasms suggests the presence of a tumor-suppressor locus telomeric to the RB1 gene.We studied samples from 216 patients with various types of sporadic tumors or idiopathic pancytopenia, peripheral-blood samples from 109 patients with familial cancer or multiple cancers, and control blood samples from 475 healthy people or patients with diseases other than cancer. We performed functional studies of cell lines lacking ARLTS1 expression with the use of both the full-length ARLTS1 gene and a truncated variant.We found a gene at 13q14, ARLTS1, a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family, with properties of a tumor-suppressor gene. We analyzed 800 DNA samples from tumors and blood cells from patients with sporadic or familial cancer and controls and found that the frequency of a nonsense polymorphism, G446A (Trp149Stop), was similar in controls and patients with sporadic tumors but was significantly more common among patients with familial cancer than among those in the other two groups (P=0.02; odds ratio, 5.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 24.8). ARLTS1 was down-regulated by promoter methylation in 25 percent of the primary tumors we analyzed. Transfection of wild-type ARLTS1 into A549 lung-cancer cells suppressed tumor formation in immunodeficient mice and induced apoptosis, whereas transfection of truncated ARLTS1 had a limited effect on apoptosis and tumor suppression. Microarray analysis revealed that the wild-type and Trp149Stop-transfected clones had different expression profiles.A genetic variant of ARLTS1 predisposes patients to familial cancer.
What parents are told after prenatal diagnosis of a sex chromosome abnormality: interview and questionnaire study
Authors: L. Abramsky
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate how the prenatal diagnosis of a sex chromosome anomaly is first communicated to parents. <b>Design:</b> Health professionals were interviewed by telephone and the conversation was taped; parents were sent questionnaires at 1 month after diagnosis and those who responded were sent another at 6 months. <b>Participants:</b> 29 health professionals who had recently informed parents that a sex chromosome anomaly had been identified in an apparently anatomically normal, viable fetus. 23 mothers and partners who had been informed of such a diagnosis. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Health professionals9 knowledge about sex chromosome anomalies and parents9 responses to information provided by health professionals. <b>Results:</b> Analysis of the telephone interviews identified great variation in what different healthcare professionals know, think, and say about the same sex chromosome anomaly. The small numbers and the low response rate for the questionnaire (39% for women and 30% for men) meant that statistical analysis was not appropriate. <b>Conclusions:</b> It is essential for obstetric units to have an established protocol for giving results and for all staff who communicate results to parents to have accurate, up to date information about the condition identified.
469 C1-3 RECOMBINANT ANTIBODY TARGETING MYOFIBROBLASTS – SPECIFIC APOPTOSIS REVERSES FIBROSIS IN A SUSTAINED INJURY MOUSE MODEL
Authors: A. Douglass, K. Wallace, R. Parr, J. Park, E. Durward, I. Broadbent, C. Barelle, A.J. Porter, M.C. Wright
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Lower-Extremity Amputation Risk Is Associated With Variation in Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Responses
Authors: David J. Margolis, Ole Hoffstad, Douglas J. Weibe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To determine whether regional variation in the rate of lower-extremity amputation (LEA) is associated with health behaviors.This was a cross-sectional prevalence study of merged data from the U.S. Census, Medicare parts A and B, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used regression models to determine whether previously described regional variation in LEA incidence was associated with responses to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Regions were created using Dartmouth Atlas Health Referral Regions.The mean and median incidence of LEA was 4.5 per 1,000 persons with diabetes; the rate varied from 2.4 to 7.9 LEA per 1,000 persons by health referral region. Statistically significant inverse associations were found between LEA and the rate of patients reporting colorectal screening (P < 0.0001) or the participation in diabetes management classes (P = 0.018). Most other factors, including daily foot evaluations, were not associated with a decreased risk of LEA. These findings were also found to be associated with geographically clustered regions known for increased risk of LEA.LEA is known to vary by region in the U.S., and regions with higher rates of LEA tend to be clustered together. Some of this variation may be explained by health behaviors in those regions, such as attending diabetes education classes or better health prevention habits (e.g., colon cancer screening). It should be possible to prevent unwanted LEAs by educating individuals with diabetes and foot ulcers about the need for participation in foot ulcer treatment.
Abstract 3198: Extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi inhibits prostate cancer growth in bone
Authors: Chaoqian Li, Hongwei Guo, Yi Lu, Jinlu Dai, Evan Keller, Jian Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) frequently metastasizes to bone forming predominantly osteoblastic lesions with underlined osteolytic components. Because current therapies are generally ineffective in PCa skeletal metastases, patients seek alternative medicines such as herbal medicines, which have been used for many centuries in Asian countries. The purpose of this study was to identify Chinese herbal medicines that may be effective in PCa skeletal metastasis. We first screened 130 Chinese herbs (ethanol extracts) for anti-proliferation effects by non-radioactive cell proliferation assay in LNCaP and C4-2B PCa cells. We found five extracts with anti-proliferation activity including extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qin, HQ), which had the strongest effect. We next evaluated HQ's ability to induce apoptosis of LNCaP and C4-2B cells. HQ, in a dose-dependent manner, induced apoptosis of both cell lines based on TUNEL assay. In addition, HQ induced apotosis-related gene caspase-3 and suppressed bcl-2 expressions in both cell lines. Therefore, we tested if HQ (1mg per mouse three times a week for 8 weeks intraperitoneally) could diminish establishment of skeletal metastases in mice. We injected C4-2B cells into tibia of SCID mice. The animals were randomized into two groups to receive either HQ or vehicle only (n=8/group). At 8 weeks post-tumor injection, mice were sacrificed and tumor establishment in the skeleton was determined using radiography, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and histology. Radiographic and histological lesions were present in 7/8 vehicle-treated mice and in 6/8 HQ-treated mice. However, the radiographically- and histologically-determined areas of the tumors in the HQ-treated mice were approximately 47% that of the vehicle-treated animals. We conclude that HQ has efficacy for inducing PCa cells apoptosis in vitro and has the ability to diminish growth of PCa in murine bone. Supported by NSF key project 81130046, NSF projects 81171993 and 81272415. Citation Format: Chaoqian Li, Hongwei Guo, Yi Lu, Jinlu Dai, Evan Keller, Jian Zhang. Extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi inhibits prostate cancer growth in bone. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3198. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3198
A successful therapeutic trial of rituximab in the treatment of a patient with recalcitrant, high-titre epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: S.M. Crichlow, N.J. Mortimer, K.E. Harman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article A successful therapeutic trial of rituximab in the treatment of a patient with recalcitrant, high‐titre epidermolysis bullosa acquisita Get access S.M. Crichlow, S.M. Crichlow Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. E‐mail: sharon.crichlow@uhl‐tr.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.J. Mortimer, N.J. Mortimer Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. E‐mail: sharon.crichlow@uhl‐tr.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.E. Harman K.E. Harman Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. E‐mail: sharon.crichlow@uhl‐tr.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 1, 1 January 2007, Pages 194–196, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07596.x Published: 01 January 2007
Case 37-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, William E. Strole, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of CaseA 64-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of somnolence.She had had asthma since childhood. A persistent cough and dyspnea developed several years before entry. Two years before admission she entered a hospital in another city in respiratory failure. During the next two years she was admitted to the same hospital on eight occasions, on three of which intubation of the trachea was necessary. On one admission respiratory arrest occurred, followed by apparent arterial occlusion of the left little finger. On several occasions she complained of abdominal pain, and stool specimens gave positive tests for . . .
A micelle-shedding thermosensitive hydrogel as sustained release formulation
Authors: Albert J. de Graaf, Inês I. Azevedo Próspero dos Santos, Ebel H.E. Pieters, Dirk T.S. Rijkers, Cornelus F. van Nostrum, Tina Vermonden, Robbert J. Kok, Wim E. Hennink, Enrico Mastrobattista
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Current therapeutic relevance of liver gene transfer Kay MA, Rothenberg S, Landen CN, Bellinger DA, Leland F, Toman C, Finegold M, Thompson AR, Read MS, Brinkhous KM, Woo SLC. In vivo gene therapy of hemophilia B: sustained partial correction on factor IX-deficient dogs. Science 1993;262:117?119
Authors: J HEARD
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
Why do we hiccup?
Authors: PETER J KAHRILAS, GUOXIANG SHI
Journal: Gut (1997)

See article on page 590 

Considering the fact that almost everyone experiences hiccups at one time or another, remarkably little is known about them. The name itself is onomatopoeic, which is appropriate considering that the only common understanding of the hiccup is of the characteristic sound. Hiccups can be predictably elicited in some individuals by overindulgence of food, alcohol, or both, sometimes providing evidence of such behaviour and making them a common object of humour. There are, however, instances in which hiccups become intractable (singultus) causing insomnia, wasting, exhaustion, and even death, prompting scientific scrutiny of this otherwise harmless curiosity.1In this issue Fass et al (see page 590) present original investigative work on the afferent limb of the hiccup reflex.

Fass et al used a barostat to characterise the parameters of oesophageal distention that could elicit hiccups in normal volunteers. They report that rapid phasic distension of the proximal, but not distal, oesophagus could reproducibly induce hiccups in four of 10 subjects. Hiccups occurred during rapid inflation of the barostat bag and immediately resolved with deflation, strongly implicating oesophageal mechanoreceptors as the critical …
Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A with or without G-CSF in adults: a multicenter randomized study in Japan
Authors: Masanao Teramura, Akiro Kimura, Satsuki Iwase, Yuji Yonemura, Shinji Nakao, Akio Urabe, Mitsuhiro Omine, Hideaki Mizoguchi
Journal: Blood (2007)
Salmonella Typhimurium Impedes Innate Immunity With a Mast Cell-Suppressing Tyrosine Phosphatase Sptp
Authors: Hae Woong Choi, Rhea Brooking, Subham Neupane, Chul-Jin Lee, Edward Miao, Herman F. Staats, Soman N. Abraham
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
The Gardos channel is responsible for CDNB-induced dense sickle cell formation
Authors: Archil Shartava, Jonah McIntyre, Arvind K. Shah, Steven R. Goodman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

The red blood cells (RBCs) derived from blood taken from homozygous sickle cell (SS) patients demonstrate densities that are inversely proportional to the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Addition of 1 mM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) to low-density sickle cells (LDSS), at 4 degrees C, results in a shift of LDSS erythrocytes to high-density sickle cells (HDSS), with corresponding decreases in GSH. We have previously demonstrated that this CDNB effect was due to increased K(+) leakage and that dense cell formation could be inhibited by clotrimazole (specific for the Gardos channel) but not DIOA (specific for the K(+)-Cl(-) co-transport system) at pH 7.4 (Shartava et al. Am. J. Hematol. 1999;62:19-24). Here we demonstrate that clotrimazole (10 microM) inhibits dense cell formation at pH 7.1 and 6.8, while DIOA (1 mM) has no effect. As pH 6.8 is the optimal pH for the K(+)-Cl(-) co-transport system, we can now reasonably conclude that damage to the Gardos channel is responsible for CDNB-induced dense cell formation.
Gingival Hypertrophy and Leukemia
Authors: Eric Tjwa, Vera Mattijssen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

An otherwise healthy 46-year-old woman who was not taking any medications presented with anemia and gingival hypertrophy. The white-cell count was 10,300 per cubic millimeter, the hematocrit was 26%, and the platelet count was 81,000 per cubic millimeter.
Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Comment: Early detection
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

EARLY detection must be distinguished from early cancer because cure is feasible only when early detection results in a diagnosis of cancer in its superficial and localized state. It is unfortunate that most malignant neoplasms are discovered in the upper portion of the alimentary tract (ie, stomach and esophagus) are advanced and remain highly lethal. The term early gastric cancer implies a 60% to 95% curability rate by means of gastric resection; the resection of a gastric cancer generally provides 20% to 40% of patients with long-term survival. As statistical studies have shown, the incidence of stomach cancer has declined, but the death rate is unaltered.<sup>1</sup>The accessibility of the upper gastrointestinal tract and the existence of techniques for evaluation of its mucosal surface make this site a unique challenge. It is time to reassess seriously the science of early detection, particularly with the achievements of the Japanese medical
Treating Hyperactive Children
Authors: Barbara Fish
Journal: JAMA (1971)

It is popular to allege that a "stimulant is<i>the</i>drug for<i>the</i>hyperactive child."<sup>1</sup>Certainly, there<i>are</i>many hyperactive children who are helped by a central nervous system stimulant. When it works, it provides economical and rapid treatment which can return the child to more normal functioning both in and out of school. The danger of this dictum is that it oversimplifies a very complex diagnostic and therapeutic problem. All too often, stimulants have been given as the only treatment for children who also required specific remediation for learning disabilities or more thorough psychiatric evaluation. In addition, some proponents of stimulants have made overoptimistic claims of easy relief which often lead to equally unnecessary disappointment and scepticism. These claims have confused the public, and led to a recent furor in the press over the thousands of schoolchildren who were supposedly receiving "mind-controlling drugs." Even though conservative estimates indicated
The effect of nitroglycerin on forearm arterial distensibility.
Authors: H Smulyan, S Mookherjee, R A Warner
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Nitroglycerin acts, in part, to reduce arterial impedance, and thus left ventricular work. The reduction in arterial impedance is largely attributable to a fall in systemic vascular resistance, but may also be due to an increased distensibility of the arterial tree. In this study, volume distensibility of forearm arteries was calculated from measurements of pulse-wave velocity before and during intravenous nitroglycerin infusion. Since a fall in blood pressure itself increases arterial distensibility, the induced blood pressure change was controlled as a variable by repeating the measurements with the subject's forearm in a plastic cylinder and repeating the measurements at a variety of altered cylinder pressures. At every studied pressure, nitroglycerin infusion increased forearm arterial distensibility, demonstrating another way in which nitroglycerin reduces left ventricular afterload. Since the pulsatile portion of cardiac work is approximately 10% of total work, the magnitude of this nitroglycerin effect on cardiac function is probably small.
EARLY SHORT-TERM DOXYCYCLINE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION AND THE OMINOUS PROGRESSION TO ADVERSE REMODELING (TIPTOP). A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Giampaolo Cerisano, Piergiovanni Buonamici, Renato Valenti, Roberto Sciagr&agrave;, Silvia Raspanti, Nazario Carrabba, Alberto Santini, Emilio Vincenzo Dovellini, David Antoniucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
RADIOLOGIC GASTRO-INTESTINAL STUDIES IN EPILEPSY
Authors: WARD W. HARRYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Chronic constipation as an exciting factor is a frequent complaint of patients with epileptiform seizures. It is noted by clinicians that attacks may be controlled or decreased in frequency by careful catharsis.<sup>1</sup>Whether constipation is an exciting cause of the attacks in patients with epilepsy is not known as an established fact. Numerous cases have been reported in which patients have been entirely relieved of their seizures following surgical procedure, i. e., colostomy,<sup>2</sup>the operation being indicated by the findings of chronic colonic stasis, or by daily rectal injections. It therefore seemed desirable to study the amount of colonic stasis found in a series of epileptic patients entering the University Hospital for treatment. These were, so far as any gastro-intestinal symptoms were concerned, entirely unselected. The findings were distinctly surprising, and cast doubt on the rationality of indiscriminate gastro-intestinal operations in these cases. In most of the modern textbooks, when
Dietary Intake and Arsenic Methylation in a U.S. Population
Authors: Craig Steinmaus, Kenichi Carrigan, Dave Kalman, Raja Atallah, Yan Yuan, Allan H. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, and ingestion of inorganic arsenic (InAs) has been associated with increased risks of cancer. The primary metabolic pathway of ingested InAs is methylation to monomethyl arsenic (MMA) and dimethyl arsenic (DMA). However, people vary greatly in the degree to which they methylate InAs, and recent evidence suggests that those who excrete high proportions of ingested arsenic as MMA are more susceptible than others to arsenic-caused cancer. To date, little is known about the factors that determine interindividual differences in arsenic methylation. In this study, we assessed the effect of diet on arsenic metabolism by measuring dietary intakes and urinary arsenic methylation patterns in 87 subjects from two arsenic-exposed regions in the western United States. Subjects in the lower quartile of protein intake excreted a higher proportion of ingested InAs as MMA (14.6 vs. 11.6%; p = 0.01) and a lower proportion as DMA (72.3 vs. 77.0%; p = 0.01) than did subjects in the upper quartile of protein intake. Subjects in the lower quartile of iron, zinc, and niacin intake also had higher urinary percent MMA and lower percent DMA levels than did subjects with higher intakes of these nutrients. These associations were also seen in multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and total urinary arsenic. Given the previously reported links between high percent MMA and increased cancer risks, these findings are consistent with the theory that people with diets deficient in protein and other nutrients are more susceptible than others to arsenic-caused cancer.