tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal overweight and obesity in early pregnancy and risk of infant mortality: a population based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Stefan Johansson, Eduardo Villamor, Maria Altman, Anna-Karin Edstedt Bonamy, Fredrik Granath, Sven Cnattingius
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate associations between maternal overweight and obesity and infant mortality outcomes, including cause-specific mortality. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study. <b>Setting and participants</b> 1 857 822 live single births in Sweden 1992–2010. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and risks of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality, overall and stratified by gestational length and by causes of infant death. Odds ratios were adjusted for maternal age, parity, smoking, education, height, country of birth, and year of delivery. <b>Results</b> Infant mortality rates increased from 2.4/1000 among normal weight women (BMI 18.5–24.9) to 5.8/1000 among women with obesity grade 3 (BMI ≥40.0). Compared with normal weight, overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9) and obesity grade 1 (BMI 30.0–34.9) were associated with modestly increased risks of infant mortality (adjusted odds ratios 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.16 to 1.35) and 1.37 (1.22 to 1.53), respectively), and obesity grade 2 (BMI 35.0–39.9) and grade 3 were associated with more than doubled risks (adjusted odds ratios 2.11 (1.79 to 2.49) and 2.44 (1.88 to 3.17)). In analyses stratified by preterm and term births, maternal BMI was related to risks of infant mortality primarily in term births (≥37 weeks), where risks of deaths due to birth asphyxia and other neonatal morbidities increased with maternal overweight and obesity. Obesity grade 2–3 was also associated with increased infant mortality due to congenital anomalies and sudden infant death syndrome. <b>Conclusions</b> Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with increased risks of infant mortality due to increased mortality risk in term births and an increased prevalence of preterm births. Maternal overweight and obesity may be an important preventable risk factor for infant mortality in many countries.
"MENACE OF THE SLIGHTLY POSITIVE WASSERMANN TEST"
Authors: W. W. Reich
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article on this subject by J. H. Mitchell (The Journal, Oct. 23, 1926, p. 1351) is worthy of further comment. I wish to state my entire sympathy with the major thought of the paper; but only one side has been presented. The chief problem hinges around the physician whose business it is to interpret the Wassermann report. A large proportion of practicing physicians are not sufficiently versed in serology to evaluate a laboratory report properly. It is certainly not the fault of the serologist if the physician's lack of training, ambition or energy precludes the proper evaluation of a report, or if lack of proper background makes impossible a realization of the limitations of laboratory procedure. It is not the fault of the serologist if the physician has gone so far astray and has become so lazy as both to allow and to welcome the laboratory
Abstract 268: Differential regulation of MMP promoters by E2F transcription factors: Potential role of c-MYC and Id1
Authors: Jackie Johnson, Smitha Pillai, Srikumar Chellappan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor, Rb, is the major negative regulator of E2F-1 transcription factor, and the Rb-E2F pathway is altered in most cancers. Further, many oncogenic mutations initiate tumors by targeting the Rb-E2F pathway. E2Fs regulate genes involved in a variety of biological processes, including angiogenesis, apoptosis, and differentiation, but it is unclear whether these molecules contribute to cancer cell invasion and metastasis. To investigate the role of E2F in metastasis, we analyzed the promoters of matrix metalloproteinase genes (MMPs), which are major contributors to the invasion and migration programs. We find that many MMP genes had potential E2F binding sites; we focused on MMP2, MMP9, MMP14, and MMP15 promoter, which have multiple E2F binding sites. Chip assays showed Rb, and E2Fs 1-5 could bind to the each MMP promoter. Transient transfection experiments with MMP promoter-luciferase constructs showed thatMMP9, MMP14, and MMP15-luc promoters were induced by E2Fs, whereas the MMP2 promoter was repressed by E2F1-5 in A549, and H1650 NSCLC cell lines. QRT-PCR showed that MMP2 was upregulated in A549 cells transfected with an siRNA targeting E2F1 and E2F3, whereas other MMPs were downregulated. To determine if MMP2 was repressed in an Rb-dependent manner, A549 cells stably expressing shRNA targeting Rb or a non-targeting control were transiently transfected with MMP2-luc construct and E2F1. In both cases, the MMP2-luc promoter was repressed by E2F1, suggesting that the repression is Rb-independent. Further, cells transfected with MMP2-luc promoter and E2F1 had less luciferase activity than cells transfected with MMP2 alone, independent of BRG-1, YY1, HDAC1, prohibitin-1, mSIN3a, or SUV39h1. Further, depletion of these co-repressors did not enhance MMP2 mRNA levels when compared to cells depleted of E2F1 alone. To determine if this repression is through binding site competition, we examined the effect of depleting transcription factors that have potential binding sites in the MMP2 promoter and were in close proximity to the E2F binding sites. We found that depletion of c-Myc and ID1 significantly enhanced MMP2 luciferase activity, and there was less repression from E2F1 in transient transfection experiments. These data suggest that E2F family members can repress the MMP2 promoter through mechanisms that may involve c-MYC and ID1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 268. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-268
Evidence for familial immune defect in meningococcal meningitis.
Authors: H C Whittle, A Oduloju, G Evans-Jones, B M Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Twenty-six patients who had recovered from group A meningococcal meningitis were vaccinated with group C meningococcal polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid. Their haemagglutinating antibody response was measured two weeks later and compared with those of 22 siblings and 39 controls. Patients and siblings had a significantly lower antibody response to the group C vaccine but not to tetanus toxoid. This suggests that patients susceptible to meningococcal disease may have an immune defect involving their response to meningococcal polysaccharides.
A Pooled Exploratory Analysis of the Effect of Tumor Size and KRAS Mutations on Survival Benefit From Adjuvant Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Node-Negative Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sinead Cuffe, Abderrahmane Bourredjem, Stephen Graziano, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Caroline Domerg, Monia Ezzalfani, Lesley Seymour, Elizabeth Strevel, Ronald Burkes, Marzia Capelletti, Pasi A Jänne, Ming-Sound Tsao, Frances A. Shepherd
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Pulmonary Fibrosis Correlates with Duration of Tissue Neutrophil Activation
Authors: HAZEL A. JONES, JOHN B. SCHOFIELD, THOMAS KRAUSZ, ALAN R. BOOBIS, CHRISTOPHER HASLETT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The role of inflammatory cells such as neutrophil granulocytes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary scarring is unclear. We determined the metabolic activity of neutrophils with positron emission tomography (PET) to measure regional uptake of (18F)-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18FDG) following its intravenous injection. Fibrogenic or nonfibrogenic substances were instilled into the right upper lobe of rabbit lungs. Time course and intensity of the 18FDG signal in the affected region varied markedly, depending on the stimulus. Time to peak signal (Tmax) and rate constant for its decline (k) for the test substances were, respectively: C5a 10 h (Tmax), 0.045 ± 0.030 h− 1 (k); Streptococcus pneumoniae 15 h, 0.068 ± 0.012 h− 1; bleomycin 28 h, 0.002 ± 0.001 h− 1; microcrystalline silica ( μ XSiO2), 90 h, 0.0012 ± 0.0007 h− 1; amorphous silica (aSiO2), no response. Response to the nonfibrogenic agents C5a, S. pneumoniae and aSiO2 was brief or nonexistent, falling to baseline values within 3 d, whereas that to the fibrogenic agents bleomycin and μ XSiO2 persisted for up to 4 wk. Neutrophil numbers in the lung were proportional to the 18FDG signal following C5a and S. pneumoniae, but not bleomycin and μ XSiO2. Autoradiography of lungs following administration of (3H)-deoxyglucose [(3H)-DG] showed specific localization to neutrophils in all models. Thus, 18FDG uptake provides a remarkably specific measure of neutrophil activity in situ, and the development of pulmonary fibrosis may be related to persistence of this activity.
The Role of the C-C Chemokine Receptor 2 Gene Polymorphism V64I (CCR2-64I) in Sarcoidosis in a Japanese Population
Authors: NOBUYUKI HIZAWA, ETSURO YAMAGUCHI, KEN FURUYA, EISEI JINUSHI, AKIHIDE ITO, YOSHIKAZU KAWAKAMI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

A number of chemokines are produced by alveolar cells in the course of inflammatory reactions of sarcoidosis. C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a prominent receptor for the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) group of C-C chemokines. A transition causing a valine to isoleucine substitution in transmembrane domain I of the CCR2 gene (CCR2-64I) that has a protective effect against the progression of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) disease has been described. To elucidate the role of this CCR2 polymorphism in sarcoidosis, we investigated the distribution of the CCR2-64I in 100 subjects with sarcoidosis (40.2 ± 18.6 yr [mean ± SD], 37:63 [male:female]) and 122 healthy control subjects (44.4 ± 14.1 yr, 75:47). The distribution of the CCR2-64I allele was significantly different between subjects with sarcoidosis and healthy control subjects (p < 0.001). The presence of the CCR2-64I allele conferred a lower risk for the development of sarcoidosis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.369, 95% CI = 0.203 to 0.673). Our study suggests that this polymorphism may play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, and further studies are needed to define the role of CCR2-64I.
Case 33-1963
Authors: Kurt J. Isselbacher, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of CaseA forty-one-year-old man was referred to the hospital for evaluation of hypercalcemia.Two years before entry the patient began to have occasional episodes of epigastric pain that was accompanied by eructations and flatulence and relieved by vomiting. Seven months before admission a bout of vomiting lasted for ten days; an upper gastrointestinal series was normal, and a Graham test was negative. One month later he was admitted to another hospital because of an increasingly severe headache; an electroencephalogram was normal, and he was told that he had migraine and given symptomatic therapy. Five months before entry a . . .
Mast cell tryptase stimulates the synthesis of type I collagen in human lung fibroblasts.
Authors: J A Cairns, A F Walls
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Mast cell activation is a characteristic feature of chronic inflammation, a condition that may lead to fibrosis as a result of increased collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. We have investigated the potential of tryptase, the major protease of human mast cells, to stimulate collagen synthesis in the human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5. Tryptase was isolated from human lung tissue by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. At concentrations of 18 and 36 mU/ml, tryptase stimulated both an increase in cell numbers, and a fivefold increase in DNA synthesis as determined by methyl-[3H]thymidine incorporation. Similar concentrations of tryptase resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in collagen synthesis as determined both by incorporation of [3H]proline into collagen, and by assay of hydroxyproline concentrations in the supernatants. There was also a twofold increase in collagenolytic activity in the culture medium after tryptase treatment, indicating that the increase in collagen synthesis was not a consequence of decreased collagenase production. All of these actions of tryptase were reduced in the presence of the protease inhibitors leupeptin and benzamidine hydrochloride, indicating a requirement for an active catalytic site. SDS-PAGE and autoradiographic analysis of the [3H]collagen produced by the cells revealed it to be predominantly type I collagen. Our findings suggest that the release of tryptase from activated mast cells may provide a signal for abnormal fibrosis in inflammatory disease.
A View From Out There
Authors: Theodore B. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1993)

SOME<i>JAMA</i>readers may recall my attempt to encapsulate the medical scene in Boise, Idaho, in a Commentary in 1989.<sup>1</sup>Overall, the report was laudatory, generating a spate of congratulatory letters from envious practitioners. It seems appropriate now that I claim the prerogative of the superannuated clinician not only "to point with pride" but also "to view with alarm." Having done the one, I find that it is time to do the other. One might not have predicted much variation in medical perspectives here over the past 3½ years. Boise has flourished, essentially untouched by the national recession. It now ranks high on lists of "best" cities and the population growth has been explosive—from 109 000 to 135 000. Nor have the local demographics changed; the influx has included all age groups, mostly middle-class whites. While health maintenance organizations have made some inroads, the community has remained primarily in
The Present Role of Hypothermia in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: F. C. SPENCER, H. T. BAHNSON
Journal: Circulation (1962)

A survey of the current use of hypothermia during cardiac surgery has been presented. Hypothermia remains a simple and safe method to permit the surgical correction of uncomplicated atrial septal defects, although it is gradually being displaced by pump-oxygenators as they become better understood. In conjunction with extracorporeal circulation moderate and extreme ("deep") hypothermia has been employed. Moderate hypothermia is without any known deleterious effects and may be of benefit by lowering perfusion rates and decreasing intracardiac aspiration of blood. The role of deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest remains uncertain. It is a condition associated with extreme physiologic alterations, many of which are poorly understood, and the safe limits are not yet clearly defined. Finally, hypothermia remains a beneficial technic for neurologic injury following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Recent evidence indicates that the mechanism of benefit involves considerably more than simple reduction of cerebral edema.
Sexism in advertisements
Authors: M. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Background</h3> Ensuring effective access to vaccinations for people experiencing homelessness is crucial to protecting the health of a vulnerable, yet often overlooked population. Reaching this goal with COVID-19 vaccines takes more than a one size fits all approach. This study evaluates how a dedicated health team in Cork City collaborated with multiple agencies to register and deliver the COVID-19 vaccine to one of the most difficult to reach populations. <h3>Methods</h3> This mixed methods study includes the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data and was co-designed with the Adult Homeless Integrated Health Team. Quantitative data on age, gender, nationality, language and accommodation status collected by the health team at the point of vaccine registration will be available for service users who participated in the vaccination programme. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with staff and service users to explore their experiences with the pandemic and the delivery (staff) or receipt (service users) of the COVID-19 vaccine. The eleven agencies involved will be invited to participate in the interviews. A manager in each of the homeless agencies will ask service users within their agencies if they would like to participate in the study. <h3>Results</h3> The health team in partnership with all the agencies administered 728 vaccine doses to people experiencing homelessness in Cork City since 10th May 2021, 401 first doses were administered with a 95.2% uptake for the second dose. Study participants are mainly male (77%), middle aged (mean aged 41 years) and predominantly Irish (87%). Ten staff members who were involved in the vaccine rollout have agreed to participate in an interview and these interviews are ongoing. Initially, four interviews with staff have identified barriers for accessing mainstream vaccination services including addiction, mental health disorders and external stresses. Facilitators included organised transport, the help of key workers and trusting relationships between staff and clients. Face to face interviews with service users will commence in March. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This mixed method evaluation of an innovative approach to the delivery of vaccinations to very vulnerable and high-risk groups will provide insights into the design of services for the homeless population and will help inform future interventions for practitioners and policy makers, therefore improving health services for the homeless population.
Management With Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Alfred Gellhorn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The alert physician has the occasional opportunity to diagnose Hodgkin's disease when it is clinically localized and potentially curable. In a large series of patients with this disease or in a busy practice, however, more than three fourths of the patients in whom Hodgkin's disease is histologically documented will have more disseminated disease. Discussion of the care of these patients will be restricted to those who have stage III or IV disease, that is, clinical evidence of widespread involvement by the tumor. The physician must first recognize that he will require all of his skills as a physician, all of the warmth and human understanding which motivated him to become a doctor, in the care of the patient. Even though the patient may be in relatively good health when first seen with disseminated disease, it must be assumed that the course will be increasingly difficult for the patient, and his
Handbook of Injury and Violence Prevention
Authors: Mark D. Widome
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Johnstown Disaster—An Appeal from Dr. Irving C. Blaisdell.
Authors: Irving C. Blaisdell
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —As a member of the Cambria Medical Society, as well as a member of the American Medical Association, I will report to you the loss of our Society so far as has been positively ascertained up to this date, although some other member may have already reported to you. Dr. J. C. Wilson, of Conemaugh, an excellent Christian gentleman and for many years wellknown in this county, was with his wife and adopted daughter and one servant girl, with home and everything pertaining to it, swept away, nothing remaining to even mark the place of a once happy home. Next is Dr. G. C. Brinkey, of Johnstown, a very able and promising young doctor, a former secretary of Cambria Society. The third is Dr. M. W. Marbourg, of Johnstown, who had been in practice for many years, ocupying the same office with his wife, Dr. Esther L. Marbourg,
IMMUNORECONSTITUTION IN SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY AFTER TRANSPLANTATION OF HLA-HAPLOIDENTICAL, T-CELL-DEPLETED BONE MARROW
Authors: W. Friedrich, U. Vetter, B. Heymer, Y. Reisner, S.F. Goldmann, T.M. Fliedner, H.H. Peter, E. Kleihauer
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Observations on the Etiologic Relationship of Achylia Gastrica to Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Lionel Berk, William B. Castle, Arnold D. Welch, Robert W. Heinle, Rudolf Anker, Martin Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IT HAS been shown that various foods — for example, beef skeletal muscle,1 milk2 and eggs3 —contain a heat-stable, unidentified substance,4 the so-called extrinsic factor. When such a source of extrinsic factor as beef muscle is ingested by a patient with pernicious anemia, untreated or in relapse, it produces little or no hematopoietic effect unless normal human gastric juice is also administered, either simultaneously or at least within six hours.5 The very small amount of the gastric secretion of the patient with pernicious anemia thus apparently supplies little or none of the heat-labile substance, possibly an enzyme,6 7 8 that is responsible . . .
Multivariate analysis. Some guidelines for physicians
Authors: R. A. Lew
Journal: JAMA (1983)

"Mystified" best characterizes the feeling of many physicians as they read the results of a multivariate analysis. Much of the mystery disappears when two items are shown: (1) explicit tabulations revealing how each factor selected by the analysis relates to outcome, both singly and jointly with other factors; and (2) alternative models generated by repeating the analysis after removing the most important variables one by one from the list of factors that was initially analyzed. In this way, one can determine which variables are good stand-ins or substitutes for the best variables in the initial analysis. Showing these substitutes may expose exaggerations in benefits attributed to a particular therapy (ie, elective regional node dissection for clinical stage I malignant melanoma). We have applied these guidelines to examples in the literature, particularly studies of malignant melanoma.