tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aging and HIV-Related Cognitive Loss
Authors: Farrah J. Mateen, Edward J. Mills
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate on bone loss in paraplegic patients.
Authors: P Minaire, E Berard, P J Meunier, C Edouard, G Goedert, G Pilonchery
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

21 paraplegic patients with recent traumatic spinal cord injury were orally administered 400 (n = 7) or 1,600 (n = 7) mg/d of disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) and compared with a placebo group (n = 7) to test the preventive effects of the drug on acute bone loss and osteoclastic resorption. Cl2MDP therapy was initiated at a mean of 17.6 d after the onset of paraplegia. The study lasted at least 6 mo, consisting of a 3.5-mo treatment period, and a variable follow-up period. The effects of Cl2MDP were assessed by blood and urine biochemistry, bone histomorphometry on transilial samples, photon absorptiometry of the tibia and fibula, and radiomorphometry of the femur. The elevation in serum and urinary calcium and in urine hydroxyproline observed in the placebo group did not appear under treatment. With both doses of Cl2MDP there was no further decrease in the bone mineral content. In the treated groups, a smaller percentage increase in osteoclastic population was also noted when compared with the placebo group, but this difference was not significant. There was no mineralization defect induced by Cl2MDP, as shown by tetracycline double labeling. It thus appears that at doses ranging between 400 and 1,600 mg, given as early as possible, Cl2MDP can prevent or reduce the development of the acute bone loss of paraplegic patients, without adverse side effects, though it does not prevent the development of heterotopic ossification.
An investigation of the action of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs on the rheumatoid synovial membrane: reduction in T lymphocyte subpopulations and HLA-DP and DQ antigen expression after gold or penicillamine therapy.
Authors: M T Walters, J L Smith, K Moore, P R Evans, M I Cawley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Synovial needle biopsy specimens from the knee joints of seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined immunohistochemically before and after six months' treatment with either gold or penicillamine (disease modifying drugs, DMDs). There were significant reductions in the numbers of infiltrating T lymphocytes and a disproportionate fall in the numbers of lymphocytes of the helper/inducer subset when compared with those of the suppressor/cytotoxic subset. This resulted in a fall in the ratio of helper/inducer to suppressor/cytotoxic cells. The immunohistological changes correlated with improvements in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum immunoglobulins, visual analogue pain assessment, grip strength, and Ritchie articular index. A second group of nine patients with RA, already well established on DMD therapy, did not show similar changes after the six month period. The HLA class II antigens DR, DQ, and DP were widely expressed on lymphocytes, macrophages, and synovial lining cells of a group of patients with RA who had never received disease modifying drug therapy. After treatment there was a significant reduction in the expression of HLA-DP and DQ antigens.
Liver biopsy findings from healthy potential living liver donors: Reasons for disqualification, silent diseases and correlation with liver injury tests
Authors: Marta I. Minervini, Kristine Ruppert, Paulo Fontes, Riccardo Volpes, Giovanni Vizzini, Michael E. de Vera, Salvatore Gruttadauria, Roberto Miraglia, Loredana Pipitone, J. Wallis Marsh, Amadeo Marcos, Bruno Gridelli, Anthony J. Demetris
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Update on JAMA's Conflict of Interest Policy
Authors: Annette Flanagin, Phil B. Fontanarosa, Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parainfluenza Type 3 in a Transplant Unit
Authors: Albert M. DeFabritus
Journal: JAMA (1979)

We observed an epidemic of parainfluenza type 3 viral infection in a renal transplantation service among 16 recent transplant recipients. To assess the effect of infection on transplant function, we retrospectively compared the infected patients with a matched, uninfected control group. In addition to symptoms of a mild upper respiratory tract infection associated with the epidemic, there was an increase in the frequency of acute rejection episodes during the period of infection in the infected group. Nevertheless, outcome in terms of patient and graft survival at six months was not affected when compared with the survival rates of the control group.
Role of C282Y mutation in haemochromatosis gene in development of type 2 diabetes in healthy men: prospective cohort study
Authors: J. T Salonen
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common complication of iron overload diseases such as hereditary haemochromatosis.1 A gene mutation (HFE C282Y) has recently been identified that strongly predisposes to haemochromatosis when present in homozygous form.2 Because of the notable prevalence of this gene mutation (10.9% in the United Kingdom),3 any disorder related to it has public health importance. We tested the hypothesis that a carrier status for the C282Y mutation predicts the development of type 2 diabetes.

We conducted a population based, prospective, four year follow up study of men aged 54 or 60 in the Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study, a population study in eastern Finland.4 Of 633 eligible men, 555 (88%) participated in the four year follow up. Of these, 508 were not diabetic (fasting blood …
Nasal Response to Capsaicin in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and in Healthy Volunteers: Effect of Colchicine
Authors: N. Roche, A. Lurie, S. Authier, D. J. Dusser
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We studied the effect of nasal administration of capsaicin in eight patients with allergic rhinitis and eight healthy subjects. We also studied the effect of colchicine, a drug known to inhibit microtubular axonal transport of peptides, on nasal response to capsaicin in these subjects. Colchicine or placebo was administered orally in a double-blind, randomized, crossover manner with a 35 day wash-out interval. Nasal challenge was performed on the last day of each period of treatment, using increasing doses of capsaicin (10−9 to 3 × 10−5 mmol). Capsaicin induced a dose-dependent decrease in nasal airflow conductance (active posterior rhinomanometry) (p < 0.002) that was greater in patients with allergic rhinitis (0.40 ± 0.02 to 0.20 ± 0.03) than in healthy subjects (0.44 ± 0.01 to 0.35 ± 0.02) (p = 0.0001). Capsaicin provoked a greater number of sneezes in patients with allergic rhinitis than in healthy subjects (p < 0.001), but the amount of nasal secretions was similar in these two groups of subjects. In nasal lavage fluid, capsaicin induced an increase in total, epithelial, and neutrophil cell counts in patients with allergic rhinitis (each comparison, p < 0.05), but not in healthy subjects. Capsaicin induced a slight, although not significant, increase in the concentration of elastase in nasal lavage fluid in patients with allergic rhinitis (p = 0.07), but not in healthy subjects. Albumin concentration decreased in nasal lavage fluid in both groups of subjects (p < 0.05). The tendency of capsaicin to increase neutrophil elastase in nasal lavage fluid of patients with allergic rhinitis was not observed after treatment with colchicine. No other action of colchicine was observed on capsaicin-induced effects. We conclude that in patients with allergic rhinitis as compared with normal subjects, capsaicin induces a greater response on nasal obstruction, sneezes, epithelial cell desquamation, and neutrophil cell count in nasal lavage fluid. Colchicine had no significant effect on nasal response to capsaicin in both groups of subjects, but seemed to prevent the tendency of capsaicin to induce neutrophil activation in patients with allergic rhinitis. Our study suggests that neurogenic inflammation may play a role in allergic rhinitis.
Prioritizing treatment experienced patients with hepatitis C infection for treatment with telaprevir: A number needed to treat approach
Authors: Ian A. Rowe, Matthew J. Armstrong, Diarmaid D. Houlihan
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

We read with interest the evaluation of the efficacy of telaprevir in patients with well-characterized interferon responses. 1 This study adds to the accumulating body of evidence supporting the use of telaprevir for a wide range of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection. It remains unclear which patients should be prioritized for retreatment with triple therapy and if this decision is likely to have an effect on patient mortality. We used a number needed to treat (NNT) analysis to determine the benefit of telaprevir-containing triple therapy in preventing liver-related mortality. The NNT approach allows the calculation of a clinically meaningful summary of the effect of a particular treatment 2 and is sensitive to the efficacy of telaprevir and also the underlying risk of mortality by incorporation of the absolute risk reduction (ARR) in its calculation. A meta-analysis of treatment-experienced patients with HCV estimated the annual liver-related mortality rate at 0.81%. 3 In patients with sustained virological response (SVR), that risk is reduced to 0.19%, an ARR of 0.62%. In the study reported by Muir et al., the overall SVR rate was 59%. 1 Thus, in this selected population, the NNT to prevent 1 death per year is 278. Because the mortality estimate from the meta-analysis included studies with follow-up of approximately 5 years, the NNT can be reasonably extrapolated to a 5-year NNT of 56. In treatment-experienced patients with advanced fibrosis, the annual liver-related mortality rate is significantly higher at 2.73%. 3 This is reduced in patients with SVR to 0.52%, an ARR of 2.21%. However, the likelihood of SVR is lower in this group and, although few patients with bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis were included, is likely to be in the region of 40%. 1 Taking these data, the 1-year NNT for patients with advanced fibrosis is 113, and the 5-year NNT is 23. These findings suggest that to have the maximal effect on mortality, the focus should be on treating patients with advanced disease in the first instance. These patients have the most to gain from treatment with triple therapy, and although there are concerns regarding viral resistance, 4 this substantial improvement in outcome should be included in clinical decision making. This analysis cautions against interpretation of SVR rates without consideration of the underlying mortality risks associated with HCV infection and provides clinically useful information for the caring physician when counseling patients regarding retreatment. Ian A. Rowe B.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P.(UK)* , Matthew J. Armstrong M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P. , Diarmaid D. Houlihan M.B., Ch.B. , * Hepatitis C Virus Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Center for Liver Research and NHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Role of SHP-1, Kv.1.2, and cGMP in nitric oxide-induced ERK1/2 MAP kinase dephosphorylation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: D PALEN, S BELMADANI, P LUCCHESI, K MATROUGUI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Nitric oxide (NO) elicits relaxation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) that is associated with guanylate cyclase (GC) and K(+) channel activation. In this study we determined the mechanisms that lead to ERK1/2 MAP kinase dephosphorylation in response to NO.VSMC were treated with the NO donor SNAP or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and ERK1/2, Src homology (SH) 1 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1), and Kv.1.2 phosphorylation were assessed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis.NO decreased basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. NO-induced ERK1/2 dephosphorylation was detected at 1 min and sustained for 30 min. Pre-treatment with the GC inhibitor ODQ or the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor I prevented ERK1/2 dephosphorylation induced by SNAP. The inhibition of protein phosphatase 1A/2A had no effect on ERK1/2 dephosphorylation induced by SNAP. Treatment with cromakalim A, a nonspecific K(+) channel activator, also induced ERK1/2 dephosphorylation, while blockade of Kv.1.2 K(+) channels (AM92016 hydrochloride) prevented NO-induced ERK1/2 dephosphorylation. In addition, SNAP induced SHP-1 phosphorylation, and the Kv.1.2 dephosphorylation increase and SHP-1 phosphorylation was blocked by ODQ or AM92016. The basal interaction between ERK1/2 and SHP-1 was decreased in response to SNAP stimulation. SHP-1 also interacted with Kv.1.2 under basal conditions and participates in Kv.1.2 activation. Using the mouse mesenteric resistance artery, we found that ERK1/2 MAP kinase is involved in regulation of myogenic tone.Thus, our study provides the first evidence that NO controls basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation by a signaling cascade that involves a dynamic signaling complex between cGMP, Kv.1.2 and SHP-1.
Neovascularisation and its role in the osteoarthritic process.
Authors: R A Brown, J B Weiss
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

In osteoarthritis angiogenesis is involved in the reinitiation of cartilage growth and mineralisation. A number of heparin binding protein growth factors have been proposed as angiogenic factors, but none of them is specific for microvessel cells. Another factor which is specific for microvessel cells, is of low molecular weight and non-profit has been called endothelial cell stimulating angiogenic factor (ESAF). ESAF has been found in significantly increased amounts in sera and synovial fluids of osteoarthritic patients and dogs. In addition to its angiogenic activity ESAF is able to activate neutral prometalloproteinases and to reactive the active enzyme-inhibitor complex. The implication of these observations in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is discussed.
Progress in Disaster Planning and Preparedness Since 2001
Authors: Thomas V. Inglesby
Journal: JAMA (2011)

THE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001, TERRORIST ATTACKS AND THE anthrax letters of 2001 were followed by a decade of major domestic and international disasters. Whether wrought by terrorist attacks, nuclear or chemical incidents, rapidly moving pandemics, record-breaking hurricanes, massive earthquakes, or other natural catastrophes, deadly disasters will continue to occur, and prompt and effective response will be required when lives are at stake. The good news is that disaster preparedness has improved during the past 10 years. For the health care community, 3 important developments are worth noting: (1) medical and public health professionals have joined the ranks of the disaster preparedness community; (2) the US federal government has increased its investment in preparedness, resulting in major improvements at the state and local levels; and (3) to an increasing extent, community participants who should be involved in disaster preparedness are getting involved.
Is climbing the greasy pole bad for your health?
Authors: A. V. Kasbekar, J. Manara, I. W. Sherman
Journal: BMJ (2011)

We live in a health crazed society, and exercise is an obsession for some in order to look good and be healthier. Finding time to undertake such activities may be hindered by the job one does. As doctors who want to progress in our careers, we live busy lives, so …
Immunobiologic Agents and Drugs Available from the Center for Disease Control
Authors: RUDOLPH H. JOHNSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Special immunobiologic agents and drugs are distributed by the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia. These agents fall into six groups: antitoxins, coral snake antivenin, globulins and plasmas, drugs for parasitic diseases, skin test antigens, and vaccines. These agents and drugs are briefly described and their uses in treatment and prophylaxis are summarized.
Particulate-cell interactions and pulmonary cytokine expression.
Authors: J N Finkelstein, C Johnston, T Barrett, G Oberdörster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The type II cell plays an important role in the response of the alveolar epithelium after lung injury through its synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant, and by acting as the stem cell for the replacement of damaged type I epithelial cells. The nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell is thought to play a similar role during repair of the bronchiolar epithelium. Recent evidence has suggested that epithelial cells may participate in aspects of the inflammatory response and regulation of fibroblast growth during pulmonary fibrosis through the production of and response to specific growth factors and cytokines. The cellular and molecular responses of epithelial cells and how they lead to the progression of events that defines the pulmonary parenchymal response to a class of particles is unclear. We used particles differing in size, chemical composition, and fibrogenicity in vivo and in vitro to elucidate early changes in proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokine and antioxidant gene expression in lung cells. Early increases in mRNA and protein for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha have been observed in epithelial cells following exposure. These are accompanied by changes in specific epithelial genes including surfactant protein C and Clara cell secretory protein. The data indicate that effects on the epithelium are due to direct interactions with particles, not a result of macrophage-derived mediators, and suggest a more significant role in the overall pulmonary response than previously suspected. These results suggest that type II cell growth factor production may be significant in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Relationship between metal toxicity to subcellular systems and the carcinogenic response.
Authors: K S Squibb, B A Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The effects of metals on subcellular organelle functions have been reviewed in relation to carcinogenesis. Perturbations of the normal uptake and metabolism of carcinogens can arise through changes in microsomal enzyme activities, membrane permeabilities, and cell turnover. Metal effects on heme-dependent oxidative functions are well documented and are primarily manifested by increased heme degradation rates (microsomal heme oxygenase activity), decreased heme production (mitochondrial and cytosolic heme biosynthetic enzymes) and, in the case of a few metals, through nuclear effects of metals on the induction of microsomal enzymes. Many metals are accumulated by lysosomes, but known effects of metals on the function of these organelles in sequestering and storing organic compounds are few. Studies of changes in plasma or mitochondrial membrane permeabilities by metals have centered mainly on the susceptibility of membrane ATPase activities to metal ion alteration and on the involvement of metals in lipid peroxidation and free radical formation. Knowledge of the effects of metals on subcellular organelle functions should aid in the understanding of the mechanisms by which metal ions may play a role in the carcinogenic response.
Critically Ill Patients and Long-term Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: John Votto, Lawrence S. Hotes
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phytophotodermatitis due to the application of Citrus hystrix as a folk remedy
Authors: None KOH, None ONG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Phytophotodermatitis due to the application of Citrus hystrix as a folk remedy Get access D. KOH, D. KOH Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore Koh. E‐mail: cofkohd@nus.edu.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C-N. ONG C-N. ONG Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 4, 1 April 1999, Pages 737–738, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02782.x Published: 01 April 1999