tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isolated systolic hypertension
Authors: A. J N I F Jablanczy
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Plan represents considerable privatisationEditor-Dixon and Dewar's editorial welcomes the considerable injection of money promised in the NHS plan and claims that the plan is true to the NHS's founding principles. 1 Yet Aneurin Bevan's greatest achievement, and not one demanded of him by the Beveridge report, was the nationalisation of hospitals.He recognised that ownership was important, because with ownership comes control.The NHS plan promises 100 new hospitals by 2010 (69 of which are already in the pipeline).This will involve £7bn of new investment under the private finance initiative.Together with the new plans for some NHS operating to be carried out in the private sector, the NHS plan represents a larger privatisation than even the Tories planned.Curiously, the plan also recognises the failure of past privatisations.I remember unsuccessfully voting against the privatisation of cleaning at the London Hospital when I was a board member of the old Tower Hamlets Health Authority.Squalid wards followed, and they remain with us now.The plan recognises that this policy was a disaster.Altogether £30m of cash is to be injected into hospital trusts before the next election to pay for the consequences of this mistaken minor privatisation.How much money will we have to spend in five, 10, or 20 years' time to correct the disastrous policy of major privatisation that we are now heading for?Mr Milburn, think again, before it is too late.
CCR1 blockade reduces interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in mice with glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Volker Vielhauer, Elias Berning, Vaclav Eis, Matthias Kretzler, Stephan Segerer, Frank Strutz, Richard Horuk, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Detlef Schlöndorff, Hans-Joachim Anders
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Increased regulatory T-cell numbers are associated with farm milk exposure and lower atopic sensitization and asthma in childhood
Authors: Anna Lluis, Martin Depner, Beatrice Gaugler, Philippe Saas, Vera Isabel Casaca, Diana Raedler, Sven Michel, Jorg Tost, Jing Liu, Jon Genuneit, Petra Pfefferle, Marjut Roponen, Juliane Weber, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Josef Riedler, Roger Lauener, Dominique Angèle Vuitton, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Juha Pekkanen, Erika von Mutius, Bianca Schaub, A. Hyvärinen, A. Karvonen, M.R. Hirvonen, P. Tiittanen, S. Remes, V. Kaulek, M.L. Dalphin, M. Ege M, G. Büchele, S. Bitter, G. Loss, C. Roduit, R. Frei, H. Renz, M. Kabesch, G. Doekes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
ACUTE PANCREATITIS FOLLOWED BY DIABETES
Authors: LOUIS M. WARFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It is only in recent years that mild forms of inflammatory conditions in such organs as the liver and pancreas have begun to be recognized, and the best textbooks have not yet incorporated descriptions of them in the sections on diseases of the liver and pancreas.<sup>1</sup>There are complete descriptions of acute suppurative cholangeitis and also of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Only in the current literature is attention called to the less acute and nonfatal forms. Yet Albu wrote, in 1911, "Among the many diseases of the abdominal organs which produce this often mistaken symptom (stomach cramps), pancreas colic at any rate should be considered especially in connection with a serious and obscure disease process." It is to a rather unusual sequela of pancreatitis that attention is here directed. Certain lesions of the pancreas have long been recognized to be associated with diabetes. As a result of the work of
The Diabetic Driver — Good Morning, Sister
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE question of the diabetic driver has again been raised because of a recent case. A diabetic patient on two doses of soluble insulin drove to the cinema after his evening dose of insulin and after taking his evening meal. On leaving the cinema he drove his car 4 miles, when it apparently left the road, went through a hedge and stopped in gear. No one was injured, but the driver was found about an hour later, semicomatose at the wheel, and when taken to the hospital was in hypoglycemic coma. He was accused of committing an offense under a . . .
Acting on the lessons of Winterbourne View Hospital
Authors: M. Flynn, S. Hollins
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Because we’d failed them by our disregard

Panorama’s broadcast of Undercover Care: The Abuse Exposed during May 2011 made “real” the abusive treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities and adults with autism at a private hospital owned by Castlebeck Care (Teesdale) Ltd, which had become their “home.” The BBC’s undercover reporting enabled millions to watch the degradation and distress of patients as nurses and support workers exercised merciless power. Viewers witnessed the cruelties endured by patients and heard the shallow rationales of support workers and nurses as they encouraged each other to use considerable force. They covered patients’ heads, laid across patients’ chests, put their arms across patients’ throats, and generally immobilised patients with bodily weight and objects. 

The Department of Health in England’s final report on the Winterbourne View scandal was recently published.1 It recommended rapidly reducing the number of people with challenging behaviour in hospitals or in large scale residential care, particularly those away from their home area. It also recommended improving strategies to deliver integrated care so that individuals could stay at home or close to their homes.

The serious case review commissioned by South Gloucestershire’s Safeguarding Adults Board was published after the trial of 11 support workers and nurses. …
Abstract 3224: Metabolite profiling as tool for the identification of differentiating and prognostic markers of prostate carcinoma.
Authors: Glen Kristiansen, Regina Reszka, Beate Kamlage, Bianca Bethan, Michael Lein, Carsten Stephan, Klaus Jung
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background and objective: Metabolomic research offers a deeper insight into biochemical changes in cancer metabolism and is a promising tool for identifying novel biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of metabolites in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue after radical prostatectomy. Material and methods: 107 matched-paired tissue samples collected after radical prostatectomy were subjected to the MxPTM Broad Profiling by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Patent WO 2010/139711 A1: "Means and methods for diagnosing prostate carcinomas"). Aminoadipic acid, cerebronic acid, gluconic acid, glycerophosphoethanolamine, 2- hydroxybehenic acid, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, maltotriose, 7-methylguanine, and tricosanoic acid were related to clinicopathological variables like prostate volume, tumor stage, Gleason score, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and disease recurrence in the follow-up. Non-parametric statistical tests, receiver- operating characteristics (ROC) and univariate and multivariate analyses (Kaplan- Meier curve; Cox regression) were performed. Results: All metabolites showed higher concentrations in malignant than in non- malignant samples except for gluconic acid and maltotriose, which had lower levels in tumors. ROC analyses showed a clear differentiation for all metabolites with a maximal area under the curve of 0.86 for tricosanoic acid. However, the metabolites were not related to tumor stage and Gleason grade. "Aminoadipic acid, gluconic acid, and maltotriose levels were associated with tumor recurrence (Kaplan-Meier analysis) and were, together with tumor stage and Gleason score, a successful metabolite combination in the multivariate Cox regression model for the prediction of tumor recurrence." Conclusions: This exemplary study performed with selected metabolites from a global metabolic profiling investigation proves that metabolites in prostate carcinoma tissue can be used, in combination with traditional pathological and histomorphological parameters, as promising diagnostic and prognostic tools. Citation Format: Glen Kristiansen, Regina Reszka, Beate Kamlage, Bianca Bethan, Michael Lein, Carsten Stephan, Klaus Jung. Metabolite profiling as tool for the identification of differentiating and prognostic markers of prostate carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3224. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3224
Dihydrocodeine in renal failure: further evidence for an important role of the kidney in the handling of opioid drugs.
Authors: J N Barnes, A J Williams, M J Tomson, P A Toseland, F J Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of dihydrocodeine were studied in nine patients with chronic renal failure treated by haemodialysis and nine subjects with normal renal function. In the patients the mean peak plasma dihydrocodeine concentration occurred later and the area under the curve was greater than in the normal subjects. Furthermore, the drug was still detectable after 24 hours in all the patients but only three of the normal subjects. These data, together with those obtained from previously published clinical case reports, contradict the traditional view that the body9s ability to cope with opioid drugs is not altered in renal failure.
Altered erythrocyte C3b receptor expression, immune complexes, and complement activation in homosexual men in varying risk groups for acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Authors: F A Tausk, A McCutchan, P Spechko, R D Schreiber, I Gigli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We studied levels of erythrocyte C3b receptors (E-CR1) and correlated them to the level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and complement activation in patients with or at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A significant reduction was found in patients with AIDS (185 +/- 93 CR1/cell), AIDS-related complex, and generalized lymphadenopathy, whereas healthy male homosexuals or normal controls had 434 +/- 193 and 509 +/- 140 CR1/cell, respectively (P less than 0.001). Family studies indicate that this defect is acquired. Reduction in E-CR1 was associated with increased levels of CIC when assayed by binding to Raji cells, but not when tested by C1q binding. Complement activation was assessed by levels of C3bi/C3d-g in plasma, measured with a monoclonal antibody specific for a neoantigen in C3d. AIDS patients had increased C3 activation (2.68 +/- 1.67%) when compared with normal controls (0.9 +/- 0.22%) (P less than 0.01). The decreased E-CR1, the presence of CIC, and C3 activation suggest that complement activation by immune complexes may play a role in the clinical expression of the disease.
Gasless Laparoscopy With Conventional Instruments: The Next Phase in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Larry C. Carey
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This interesting treatise begins with a well-done historical review of laparoscopy. The disadvantages of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, some real and some hypothetical, are noted. The authors' analysis of gasless laparoscopy is informative and gives the reader a historical perspective of this evolving technique. The midportion of the text is devoted to the application of the techniques to three areas of general surgery, the biliary tract, herniorrhaphy, and bowel resection. The retractor system used is described in detail and involves an intraabdominal device attached to a hydraulic lifting apparatus. The majority of experience has been in cholecystectomy, with fewer operations done for hernia and colon resection. Of interest is the report of a hernia repair with epidural anesthesia. In cholecystectomy and bowel resection the advantages of being able to use traditional instruments are stressed. This aspect of the technique is particularly attractive, since it may lower instrumentation costs and facilitate procedures
SURVEY OF THE NARCOTIC PROBLEM
Authors: CARLETON SIMON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In June, 1923, questionnaires were sent to all physicians and dentists in the state of New York. The one to the physicians asked: Amount of morphin prescribed in 1922? Amount of heroin prescribed in 1922? Amount of cocain prescribed in 1922? Number of narcotic addicts treated in 1922? Do you believe that heroin is necessary in your practice? Do you believe that cocain can be advantageously replaced by non-habit-forming synthetic drugs, such as procain or similar preparations? The one to the dentists asked: Amounts of cocain used in 1922? Do you believe that cocain can be advantageously replaced by non-habit-forming synthetic drugs, such as procain or similar preparations? The animating purposes in making these inquiries of physicians and dentists, as to the practical experience acquired in their professional use of habit-forming drugs, were: To determine whether this is a medical issue or a police problem, or both. To gain statistical
Somatic cells as indicators of germinal mutations in the mouse
Authors: Liane B. Russell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

In attempts to find a prescreen for mutagens that may induce heritable mutations in mammals, an in vivo somatic mutation test has been developed in the mouse that uses a localized gene product (hair pigment), is relatively fast and cheap, and gives results that have some predictive value for point mutation induction in spermatogonia. Embryos heterozygous at specific coat color loci are exposed to the presumptive mutagen, and 3 weeks later the fur is observed for spots of altered color. It is possible to distinguish spots resulting from expression of the recessive (RS's) from spots having various other causes.In tests with seven compounds, mutation rates per locus and unit dose have been calculated on the assumption that 175 cells are at risk per 10¼-day embryo (a number derived from distribution of spot proportions). These rates are found to be roughly parallel to, but uniformly higher than spermatogonial point-mutation rates for the same seven compounds. The higher somatic rates are presumably due to the fact that RS's can result from several genetic mechanisms besides point mutations. The spot test, which has not to date given any false negatives, may thus be considered a useful in vivo prescreen for heritable germinal mutations in mammals.
Simplified Screening for Microalbuminuria
Authors: Alfredo Pegoraro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Screening for microalbuminuria is increasingly advocated as a way to diagnose early renal involvement in diabetes and other diseases. It usually entails the use of a radioimmunoassay that is expensive and not always readily available. Objective: To assess the efficacy of three simple and inexpensive tests for ruling out microalbuminuria. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient clinics. Patients: 221 patients from primary care clinics and a diabetes clinic. Measurements: Random urine specimens were tested for albumin by using Micral-Test immunoassay strips (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany) and for protein by using sulfosalicylic acid testing and impregnated dipsticks (Chemstrips, Boehringer Mannheim). Radioimmunoassay for albumin was used for all specimens as standard for comparison. Results: When less than 20 mg/L was considered the upper limit of normal for albumin concentration, Micral-Test, sulfosalicylic acid testing, and Chemstrips had negative predictive values of 99%, 95%, and 96%, respectively. Seventy-four specimens tested negative on both sulfosalicylic acid and Chemstrips; the negative predictive value of these two tests combined was 99%. Conclusions: The combination of sulfosalicylic acid testing and Chemstrips was as good as and less expensive than Micral-Test in ruling out microalbuminuria.
Prostaglandin E2 formation by the gall bladder in experimental cholecystitis.
Authors: E Thornell, L Jivegard, K Bukhave, J Rask-Madsen, J Svanvik
Journal: Gut (1986)

Both experimental cholecystitis and luminal distension inhibit fluid absorption and stimulate motor activity in the gall bladder. These functional alterations are mimicked by exogenous prostaglandins (PGs) and inhibited by potent cyclooxygenase inhibitors, but direct evidence of a primary role of endogenous PGs is not available. Therefore, experiments in the cat were carried out in which the effects of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lysoPC; 0.5-2.0 mmol/l), implantation of cholesterol stones, and raised intraluminal pressure in the gall bladder lumen were assessed. The gall bladder was perfused in vivo at a constant rate by a buffer solution. PGE2 was determined in the effluent by a radioimmunological method validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PGE2 output was markedly (p less than 0.01) raised (13.9 +/- 2.6 vs 1.1 +/- 0.5 ng/h; n = 10) during lysoPC perfusions and this response was inhibited by 66% (p less than 0.02) after indomethacin administration (2 mg/kg iv). A significant (p less than 0.05) increase in PGE2 output occurred six weeks after implantation of gall stones (3.7 +/- 1.5 ng/h; n = 6) and in response to distension of the normal gall bladder wall (3.6 +/- 1.2 ng/h; n = 6). These findings support the theory that PGs play an important pathophysiologic role in biliary tract disease.
The Diagnosis and Management of Insomnia
Authors: J C Gillin, W F Byerley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

INSOMNIA is the most common sleep problem. Like other common conditions, it results from many causes and varies widely in severity and duration from patient to patient. The recent widow, the ruminative worrier, the sleepless patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the melancholic depressive person, and the executive with jet lag all share the condition of insomnia, but the cause of their problem and their therapeutic needs differ.During the past decade, the classification and management of sleep disorders have evolved with clinical experience and the results of basic and clinical research.1 2 3 4 New hypnotic drugs have been introduced into clinical . . .
Matrix Gla protein deficiency causes arteriovenous malformations in mice
Authors: Yucheng Yao, Medet Jumabay, Anthony Wang, Kristina I. Boström
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in organs, such as the lungs, intestine, and brain, are characteristic of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a disease caused by mutations in activin-like kinase receptor 1 (ALK1), which is an essential receptor in angiogenesis, or endoglin. Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an antagonist of BMPs that is highly expressed in lungs and kidneys and is regulated by ALK1. The objective of this study was to determine the role of MGP in the vasculature of the lungs and kidneys. We found that Mgp gene deletion in mice caused striking AVMs in lungs and kidneys, where overall small organ size contrasted with greatly increased vascularization. Mechanistically, MGP deficiency increased BMP activity in lungs. In cultured lung epithelial cells, BMP-4 induced VEGF expression through induction of ALK1, ALK2, and ALK5. The VEGF secretion induced by BMP-4 in Mgp-/- epithelial cells stimulated proliferation of ECs. However, BMP-4 inhibited proliferation of lung epithelial cells, consistent with the increase in pulmonary vasculature at the expense of lung tissue in the Mgp-null mice. Similarly, BMP signaling and VEGF expression were increased in Mgp-/- mouse kidneys. We therefore conclude that Mgp gene deletion is what we believe to be a previously unidentified cause of AVMs. Because lack of MGP also causes arterial calcification, our findings demonstrate that the same gene defect has drastically different effects on distinct vascular beds.
Abstract 4143: Photodynamic detection using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) of prostate cancer cells in the urine obtained following prostate massage
Authors: Satoshi Anai, Yasushi Nakai, Makito Miyake, Masaomi Kuwada, Yoshitomo Chihara, Nobumichi Tanaka, Kiyohide Fujimoto, Yoshihiko Hirao
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objectives: We evaluated the feasibility of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for detecting of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in the urine obtained following prostate massage. Material and methods: Urine samples were collected from 97 men who had prostate massage (attentive digital rectal examination) before prostate needle biopsy. Urine sediments were exposed to 5-ALA (1mM) for 2 hours and cytospun onto glass slides. Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), which is the metabolite of 5-ALA in the heme biosynthetic pathway, was observed using the fluorescent microscope (excitation filter 380-420 nm, emission filter 590 nm) as a positive signal of cancer cell. Any fluorescent signal in the samples was evaluated as positive. After histological diagnosis, the result of 5-ALA detection was compared with the histological diagnosis. Results: Prostate cancer cells were successfully visualized by the PPIX. Of the 65 cases with biopsy-proven prostate cancer, 45 were evaluated as positive by 5-ALA exposure (sensitivity: 75 %). Although 32 cases were diagnosed as no cancer with biopsy, 10 5-ALA positive cases were detected (specificity: 68 %). The positive predictive value of 5-ALA cancer detection was 83 %. Conclusions: We have successfully demonstrated that PPIX in urine sediments treated with 5-ALA could be detected in the PCa patients. Furthermore, the false positive patients could be diagnosed as PCa in the future re-biopsy. So this cancer detecting system appears to have the useful clinical application. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4143. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4143
Ectopic Production of Hormones in Tumors
Authors: Sucha Asbell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The subject of ectopic production of hormones in tumors has recently been extensively discussed. Induction of chemotherapy and tumor lysis has been described in association with carcinoid crisis<sup>1</sup>or hypoglycemic shock,<sup>2</sup>apparently due to the release of humoral factors. We have had the opportunity to observe the unusual occurrence of hypouricemia in oat-cell carcinoma of the lung. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 60-year-old man was admitted to the urological service at St Agnes Hospital on July 20, 1975, for progressive symptoms of urinary hesitancy. Transurethral resection was performed and yielded benign tissue of prostatic hypertrophy. A hard, 2 × 3-cm, nontender node was felt in the lower-left anterocervical area. A chest x-ray film showed a large mass involving the left lobe, the hilum, and a widely dilated mediastinum. Biopsy of the node showed anaplastic small-cell carcinoma of the oat-cell type. Further metastatic workup was negative.
PREVENTION OF EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (EAE) BY VITAMIN C DEPRIVATION
Authors: Peter S. Mueller, Marian W. Kies, Ellsworth C. Alvord, Cheng-Mei Shaw
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Scorbutic guinea pigs injected with CNS and mycobacterium to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) showed no clear-cut neurological signs and failed to show histological evidence of central nervous system damage. The degree of protection afforded by vitamin C deprivation was related directly to the duration of the scorbutogenic diet and inversely to the strength of the CNS challenge. Vitamin C deprivation also abolished tuberculin sensitivity as measured by the PPD skin reaction. Upon restoration of vitamin C, the animals recovered their sensitivity to PPD but did not develop EAE. It was further demonstrated that these effects of vitamin C deprivation were not related to inanition or to the endogenous levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids.