tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QUININ IN PNEUMONIA.
Authors: FRANCIS H. POOLE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In thirteen consecutive cases of pneumonia developing in the course of a recent epidemic of that disease among the Indian school children on this reservation, the patients were treated by large doses of quinin, according to the method advocated by Galbraith,<sup>1</sup>without mortality. Some observations on the effects of the treatment, particularly its tendency to induce nasal and uterine hemorrhage, are given below: Five cases developed in boys ranging in age from 7 to 13 years, and eight developed in girls between the ages of 9 and 17. The initial symptoms common to all cases were intense frontal headache, epigastric distress and vomiting, while in eight cases epistaxis also occurred during the onset. Of the five boys, three suffered epistaxis as an initial symptom and all had repeated nasal hemorrhages during the administration of the quinin and iron treatment. Of the eight girls, five suffered epistaxis during the onset; two
Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis: A Textbook of Dialysis
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In recent years, dialysis has become a highly successful form of treatment, and success breeds big books—hence this compendium of 945 pages, a veritable monument to the progress of science, in which 78 contributors have assembled everything known before 1982 about replacing renal function. In 49 unequal and often overlapping chapters, they unfold the story of how the artificial kidney evolved from its humble beginnings to become a sophisticated system to which more than 150,000 people in the world presently owe their lives. The book has a distinctly international flavor, with half of the contributors coming from America and the rest from England, Europe, or Australia. It also has a judicious blend of the old and new generations, lending it a sense of excitement, perhaps best captured in the senior editor's chapters on the history of dialysis. On the whole, the book is well written and easy to read. It
THE POSTCOITAL TEST AS A METHOD OF EVALUATING A CONTRACEPTIVE JELLY
Authors: Melvin R. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1953)

A postcoital examination made after the use of the contraceptive Experimental Jelly "P" by 200 women was used to evaluate the longevity of spermatozao, and the value of the experimental jelly as a contraceptive. 158 of the women (95% black, 5% white) returned to the clinic for 1 or more visits over a period of 3-18 months. 37 patients had used other contraceptive measures previously. After a medical history and physical examination each patient was instructed in the proper use of the method. With an applicator, 5 cc of the jelly was to be placed in the upper vagina, close to the cervix, 5-10 minutes prior to coitus. A douche could be taken after a minimum of 6 hours. Whenever possible, the examination was made a few hours after coitus. Vaginal and cervical contents were examined for spermatozoa, leukocytes, trichomonads, monilia, and spinnbarkeit of mucus. Occasionally uterine samples were aspirated. At the phase of maximum spinnbarkeit the longevity of spermatozoa was optimal and the need for an active contraceptive greatest. Therefore, the efficacy of the Experimental Jelly P at this time and at the estimated menstrual calendar ovulation time was especially noted. A total of 289 postcoital tests were done on the 158 patients at 2-72 hours postcoitus. Of the 289 tests 173 (59.8%) revealted no spermatozoa, 110 (38.1%) showed nonmotile sperm, and motile sperm were found in only 6 (2.1%). Effect of the jelly on cervical mucus did not penetrate to the endocervix. 30 pregnancies occurred. However, 23 of these women admitted to incorrect or inconstant use of the method. 83 women were followed for 3-18 months. 18 of them became pregnant but in only 7 instances was failure of the correctly used method thought to be the reason. The rate for jelly failure was 17.46 pregnancies per 100 woman-years of exposure. The reduction in fertility was estimated to be 83.17%. Of side effects, 49 patients complained of local burning. In some instances both partners complained. 12 of these women were found to have monilial vaginitis. The burning ceased when this condition was treated. Many complained of the messiness of the method. The postcoital test is considered an accurate method in the evaluation of spermicidal preparations used as contraceptives.
Activated STING in a Vascular and Pulmonary Syndrome
Authors: Y Liu, A A Jesus, B Marrero, D Yang, S E Ramsey, G A Montealegre Sanchez, K Tenbrock, H Wittkowski, O Y Jones, H S Kuehn, C-C R Lee, M A DiMattia, E W Cowen, B Gonzalez, I Palmer, J J DiGiovanna, A Biancotto, H Kim, W L Tsai, A M Trier, Y Huang, D L Stone, S Hill, H J Kim, C St Hilaire, S Gurprasad, N Plass, D Chapelle, I Horkayne-Szakaly, D Foell, A Barysenka, F Candotti, S M Holland, J D Hughes, H Mehmet, A C Issekutz, M Raffeld, J McElwee, J R Fontana, C P Minniti, S Moir, D L Kastner, M Gadina, A C Steven, P T Wingfield, S R Brooks, S D Rosenzweig, T A Fleisher, Z Deng, M Boehm, A S Paller, R Goldbach-Mansky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The study of autoinflammatory diseases has uncovered mechanisms underlying cytokine dysregulation and inflammation.
Our New Home
Authors: Dena L. Lovett
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We moved three months ago. My husband has a job here. He works seven days a week and he's gone all night every couple of days. I know he doesn't sleep those nights because he is so tired when he finally comes home. I have no friends or relatives here. Many days go by when I speak to no one except my children. I've been to church, but everyone hurries home and the pastor hasn't called. I've looked hard for a job, but no one here wants or seems to need my skills. My little girl of 3 misses her Daddy very much. She goes to preschool in the mornings. There are no children in our neighborhood. My son is just 9 months old. He doesn't miss Daddy. They don't know each other very well because Daddy is gone so much. My husband doesn't make enough money to pay the
Sexually dimorphic gastrin releasing peptide system in the spinal cord controls male reproductive functions
Authors: Hirotaka Sakamoto, Ken-Ichi Matsuda, Damian G Zuloaga, Hisayuki Hongu, Etsuko Wada, Keiji Wada, Cynthia L Jordan, S Marc Breedlove, Mitsuhiro Kawata
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)
Patient packs to come on stream in Britain
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1995)

US religious groups oppose gene patentsA long running controversy in the United States came to a head when a coalition of more than 80 religious groups held a nationally televised press conference in Washington this month to declare their opposition to gene patents.The coalition includes Methodists, Baptists, Jews, and Muslims under the banner ofthe Joint Appeal Against Human and Animal Parenting.The coalition said: "We are opposed to the parenting of human embryos, genes, cells, and the parenting of animals including those with human genes engineered into their permanent genetic code."In a landmark case in 1980 the US Supreme Court ruled in favour of a micro- biologist, Ananda Chakrabarty, who had been denied patent protection for a genetically engineered strain of bacteria capable of breaking down crude oil.The court determined that Chakrabarty's microbes met the three criteria for patentability: they were novel, useful, and not obvious.In 1987 the US commissioner of patents and trade- marks announced that henceforth animals would be patentable-but not humans, because the 14th amendment to the consti- tution forbids the ownership of one person by another.Last April Harvard University received the world's first patent for an animal, a mouse whose cells have been genetically engineered to carry a gene that promotes cancer.Philip Leder, head of the team of geneticists that won the patent, was quoted as saying, "Here is a strain of mice that have taken the first step towards cancer...with them you can learn some rather powerful and telling lessons about the genesis of cancer in vivo."Religious leaders maintain that such patents violate divine law.Richard Land of the Southern Baptist Federation said, "For human beings to claim ownership of it [genetic material], to reduce it to the legal equivalent of a mineral right like uranium or gold that can be mined out of the earth, is to us grotesque and horrendous."Defenders of gene patents, led by the Biotechnology Industry Organisation, argue that opponents of animal biotechnology have used the issue as a way of focusing public attention on matters unrelated to the patent office's mandate, which is written in the constitution as follows: "The Congress... shall have the power to promote the progress of Science and the Useful
Doctors and human rights groups challenge Arizona abortion law in court
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Arizona’s law restricting abortions to 20 weeks after the last menstrual period—the most restrictive law in the United States—has been challenged in court by the Center for Reproductive Rights, the American Civil Liberties Union, and three Arizona doctors.

The challengers asked Judge James Teilborg of US District Court in Phoenix, Arizona, on 25 July to block the law, due to come into effect on Thursday 2 August. The judge’s ruling is expected before then.

The Arizona law and the challenge hinge on fetal viability, usually considered to be 23-24 weeks after fertilisation, said Julie Rikelman, litigation director of the Center for Reproductive …
Sewage: Our Most Neglected Resource
Authors: STEWART L. UDALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Editorials1 December 1974Sewage: Our Most Neglected ResourceSTEWART L. UDALL, JEFF STANSBURYSTEWART L. UDALLSearch for more papers by this author, JEFF STANSBURYSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-6-849 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is one of the great ironies of our era of technological "wonders" (wonders that on close inspection usually drain off inordinate amounts of petroleum) that until 5 or 6 years ago not a single major new idea had roused the profession of municipal sanitation from its twentieth-century slumber. Now we find that such a new idea has at last emerged—and it turns out to be a very old idea in modern dress: sewage irrigation. Using this proved ecological technology, we could recycle our sewage water and its nutrients, ease and fertilizer shortage, and return most of our nation's waterways... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySewage Irrigation: Health Benefit or Hazard?DONALD M. MCCLEAN, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C) 1 December 1974Volume 81, Issue 6Page: 849-850KeywordsNutrientsSanitation Issue Published: 1 December 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hydrogen peroxide stimulates the synthesis of platelet-activating factor by endothelium and induces endothelial cell-dependent neutrophil adhesion.
Authors: M S Lewis, R E Whatley, P Cain, T M McIntyre, S M Prescott, G A Zimmerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Oxidant-induced damage to the intima of pulmonary and systemic vessels is thought to be an important mechanism of injury in a variety of syndromes of vascular damage. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an active oxygen metabolite that may induce intimal injury by cytolytic attack or by inducing biochemical and functional alterations in the endothelial cells (EC); however, mechanisms involved in noncytolytic perturbation of EC are largely unknown. We found that H2O2 stimulated the synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF) by primary cultures of bovine pulmonary artery endothelium (BPAEC) and by human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVEC). In each cell type the incorporation of [3H]acetate into [3H-acetyl]PAF was concentration- and time-dependent and was temporally dissociated from severe plasma membrane disruption and cytolytic cell injury; the newly synthesized PAF remained associated with the EC. H2O2 caused permeabilization of EC to 45Ca2+ and an increase in intracellular Ca2+, suggesting that a transmembrane Ca2+ flux is the signal that initiates PAF synthesis. H2O2 also induced the endothelial cell-dependent adhesion of neutrophils to HUVEC monolayers. This response was rapid, with an onset within minutes and a subsequent time course that paralleled the time course of PAF accumulation, and was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ but not on de novo protein synthesis. These studies demonstrate that H2O2 can induce two rapid activation responses of endothelium, PAF synthesis and EC-dependent neutrophil adhesion, events that may be important in physiologic and pathologic inflammation.
Abstract P4-07-10: MicroRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic adjuvants for the prognosis and treatment of drug-resistant breast cancers
Authors: Y-F Chang, S Pannerdoss, B Zoghi, I Jatoi, MK Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Intrinsic and acquired resistance to antineoplastic agents continues to be a major clinical impediment to successful treatment of cancer in general, and breast cancer in particular. For example, about 40% of ER-positive metastatic breast tumors fail to respond to tamoxifen therapy, and of those that initially respond many will eventually develop resistance. Similarly, taxanes used as a first-line chemotherapy agent will have a response rate of 50%, which comes down to 20–30% in second- or third-line chemotherapy; nearly half of the treated subjects do not respond to it and suffer side effects. These facts underscore the importance of understanding the mechanism of resistance, which is crucial for the optimal systemic therapy of breast cancer. Unfortunately, in spite of extensive inquiry in this field, little is known about the key molecules/signaling pathways that regulate this phenomenon. Recently, we have discovered that small non-coding RNAs, i.e. microRNA (miRNAs), may play a critical role in mediating drug resistance in breast cancers. We have identified miRNAs that are differentially expressed between drug-resistant and sensitive breast cancer cells. Specifically, we have combined a high-throughput screening platform with a library of chemically synthesized inhibitors for all known human miRNAs and identified specific miRNA that selectively sensitize/de-sensitize drug-resistant breast cancer cells to either tamoxifen or trastuzumab (herceptin), drugs that are commonly used as a first line treatment for ER-positive and Her2-positive breast cancers, respectively. We identified 10 and 12 miRNA inhibitors that sensitized resistant cells to tamoxifen and trastuzumab, respectively. Interestingly, expression of cognate miRNA/s that sensitize resistant tumors to drug-induced cell death in our screen was found to be lower in relapsed (drug-resistant) metastatic breast cancer patients compared to normal matched control. In addition to tumor tissues, the levels of sensitizer miRNA/s in the blood sera of relapsed metastatic breast cancer patients was found to be dramatically lower than that of normal healthy individual. These findings are significant as it suggests that miRNAs can be efficiently detected in blood serum and therefore, can be used as a potential biomarker for predicting treatment outcomes. In addition, miRNAs may provide novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of drug-resistant breast cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-07-10.
Testing Protocols in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Jean-Daniel Chiche, Derek C. Angus
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P3-11-02: Women with pregnancy-associated early breast cancer achieve improved emotional well-being as a result of their cancer experience
Authors: RK Murthy, LR Schover, RL Theriault, V Valero, TL Woodard, S Hodge, JK Litton
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Pregnancy-associated early breast cancer (PAEBC) has increased in incidence as more women pursue childbearing at an older age. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of diagnosis and treatment on emotional health and evaluate the positive emotional outcomes in a group of women with PAEBC. Methods: Between 1989 and 2010, 81 patients were treated for PAEBC with 5-flurouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) chemotherapy. Patients completed the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), which is a questionnaire that measures subjective distress caused by traumatic events and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PGI), which measures positive outcomes after a traumatic event. Results: Of the 81 women, 53% (43/81) completed the IES-R and 44% (36/81) also completed the PGI. The time since diagnosis ranged from 6 months to greater than 5 years. The median age of the participants was 33 years (range 26-43 years). Of the 43 patients who completed the IES-R, 91% (39/43) did not use avoidance as a primary coping strategy; they felt well equipped to deal with feelings about their diagnosis and treatment. Of patients who inadvertently thought about their diagnosis, 70% (30/43) noted that they avoided becoming upset by their thoughts. Less than 10% (9/43) of patients surveyed felt apathetic towards their diagnosis and subsequent treatment. In terms of positive outcomes, 94% (33/36) felt they were enabled to depend on others in times of crises and felt a greater appreciation for people and their kindness following their diagnosis of PAEBC. Eighty-six percent (31/36) had changed their priorities about what is important in life, felt more compassionate towards others, and felt a greater appreciation for the value of their own life. In addition, 86% (30/36) of patients indicated that they had discovered their inner strength and felt more inclined to change things in their life. Finally, 75% of patients surveyed felt they had developed a stronger religious faith because of their experience and had a better understanding of spiritual matters. The majority of patients reported improvement in interpersonal skills – placing more effort into their relationships and sharing a greater sense of closeness with others. Conclusions: Although women who experience PAEBC are thought to be at high risk for experiencing psychosocial distress, these findings suggest that most do not suffer negative emotional consequences; in fact, these data suggest that they often achieve improved emotional well-being as a result of their cancer experience. It is possible that these women have better emotional outcomes because they have successfully carried a pregnancy while facing a life-threatening illness. Comparisons to other premenopausal breast cancer survivors will be crucial in interpreting these findings. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-11-02.
Splints in severe osteogenesis imperfecta.
Authors: D H Bossingham, T V Strange, P J Nicholls
Journal: BMJ (1978)

liver function values in patients with SLE, and rarely it may also be hepatotoxic.These patients may develop hypersensitivity to ibuprofen more often than patients with other diseases.More experience with this drug is essential to assess whether it mnay safely be given to patients with SLE without the addition of steroids.
LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT FRACTURE
Authors: Ung Kim, Dong-Kie Kim, Sang-Hoon Seol, Tae-Hyun Yang, Dae-Kyeong Kim, Doo-Il Kim, Dong-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Immunotherapy with standardized extract of <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> in bronchial asthma: a dose‐titration study
Authors: J. M. Olaguibel, A. I. Tabar, B. E. García Figueroa, C. Cortés
Journal: Allergy (1997)

According to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) achieved, we assessed the changes in clinical and laboratory parameters, induced by specific immunotherapy (SIT), in a group of 43 asthmatic patients sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , over a period of 18 months. A standardized extract (100 Bu/ml; 40 μg/ml of Der p 1; 20 μg/ml of Der p 2) was used. The patients were divided into two groups: the high‐dose immunotherapy (HDI) group (MTD ≥ 4 μg Der p 1) and the conventional immunotherapy (CI) group (MTD &lt;4 μg Der p 1). Changes in clinical severity index, medication, and symptom scores; in cutaneous and conjunctival reactivity; and in the levels of specific IgE, IgG, IgGl, and IgG4 to D. pteronyssinus (Der p 1 and Der p 2) were measured (ELISA monoclonal antibodies). Safety was monitored according to the EAACI guidelines. The range of the MTD was 0.8‐16 μg of Der p 1. Ninety percent of the patients tolerated a dose of 3.2 μg, but only 18% of the patients reached a maintenance dose of 16 μg. The medians of the accumulated dose were 197 μg of Der p 1 for the HDI group, and 50 μg for the CI group. Conjunctival and cutaneous reactivity was significantly lowered ( P &lt;0.001) after SIT, as were the clinical severity score and medication score in both groups, without significant differences between the groups, except for cutaneous reactivity. Levels of specific IgE decreased significantly ( P &lt;0.01) in both groups, again without significant differences between the groups. The range of the increase in medians of specific IgG, IgGl, and IgG4 was 4.4‐120‐fold for the HDI group and 3‐24‐fold for the CI group ( P &lt;0.01). The increase in the levels of Der p 1 and Der p 2 IgG4 were correlated to the changes in cutaneous and conjunctival reactivity ( P &lt;0.01). These results show that a maintenance dose of 3.2 μg Der p 1 (8 BU) can induce pronounced clinical and immunologic changes with an excellent safety profile.
Enzyme activities of cultured erythroblasts
Authors: Kenji Shinohara, Katsunori Yamada, Masamitsu Inoue, Yoshiki Yoshizaki, Yoji Ishida, Toshio Kaneko, Noboru Matsumoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

The enzyme activities of cultured early erythroid progenitor cells (burst-forming unit erythroid, BFU-E) were measured and were compared with the activities of mature erythrocytes. The enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase was not detectable in the erythroblasts. The ratios of phosphofructokinase and glutathione peroxidase were low due to low enzyme activities in both the erythroblasts and erythrocytes. The ratios of triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and adenylate kinase were low due to high enzyme activities in both the erythroblasts and erythrocytes. The ratios of hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase, monophosphoglyceromutase, pyruvate kinase, and adenosine deaminase were high due to high enzyme activities in the erythroblasts. The isozyme of erythroblast hexokinase was of the prototype isozyme I, while pyruvate kinase was predominantly of the prototype M2, with two hybrid isozymes to the anodal side by electrophoresis. These facts suggest that there is a greatly different metabolic pattern during the maturation of the erythroid cells.