tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Normal Spermatogenesis in a Man with Mutant Luteinizing Hormone
Authors: Caroline Achard, Carine Courtillot, Olivier Lahuna, Géri Méduri, Jean-Claude Soufir, Philippe Lière, Anne Bachelot, Hassani Benyounes, Michael Schumacher, Frédérique Kuttenn, Philippe Touraine, Micheline Misrahi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Men with mutations in LHB, the gene encoding the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (LHB), have azoospermia with absent or few fetal Leydig cells. We report a mutation in LHB in a man and his sister. The man presented with absence of virilization, undetectable luteinizing hormone, and a low serum testosterone level. He had complete spermatogenesis with a normal sperm count. The mutant luteinizing hormone had a low level of partial activity in vitro. We concluded that the residual luteinizing hormone activity, resulting in the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in few mature Leydig cells producing small amounts of intratesticular testosterone (20.2 ng per gram), was sufficient for complete and quantitatively normal spermatogenesis.
Coronary α <sub>1</sub> -Constrictor Tone During Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Patricia A. Gwirtz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background A coronary α 1 -adrenergic constrictor tone exists under conditions associated with increased sympathetic stimulation but not during resting conditions in the normal heart. During renovascular hypertension, elevated circulating angiotensin II may enhance sympathetic stimulation of the heart, even at rest. This study tested the hypothesis that an α 1 -adrenergic constrictor tone imposes limitations on coronary blood flow in resting dogs after development of renovascular hypertension, exacerbates coronary α-constrictor tone during exercise, and increases coronary vascular adrenergic responsiveness. Methods and Results Left circumflex blood flow velocity (CFV), aortic pressure (AoP), and heart rate (HR) were examined in five quietly resting dogs during control conditions and after selective α 1 -adrenergic blockade using an intracoronary injection of 0.5 mg prazosin. In the normotensive state, AoP was 87±7 mm Hg (mean±SD), HR was 105±25 beats per minute, and CFV was 28±6 cm/s. These parameters were not affected by α 1 -adrenergic blockade. During submaximal exercise, removal of an α 1 -adrenergic constrictor resulted in a 14±4% increase in CFV ( P &lt;.05). Two weeks after development of renovascular hypertension induced by stenosis of the left renal artery, mean AoP was 114±7 mm Hg ( P &lt;.05 versus normotensive state), HR was 111±28 beats per minute, and CFV was 21±8 cm/s. In contrast to the normotensive state, α 1 -adrenergic blockade caused a 28±6% increase in CFV at rest ( P &lt;.05) and a 27±13% increase in CFV during exercise in the hypertensive state ( P &lt;.05 versus exercise before blockade and versus normotensive state). This resting coronary constrictor tone was associated with enhanced vasoconstrictor responsiveness to norepinephrine and phenylephrine. Conclusions It appears that renovascular hypertension results in a significant coronary α 1 -adrenergic constrictor tone in the resting dog and an enhanced constrictor tone during exercise.
Traumatic Live Birth of Normal Infant
Authors: Ernest A. Griep
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  This is a report of delivery of a normal living female child through laceration of uterus and abdominal wall of the mother.  The mother was a 30-year-old white primipara, first seen by me on Oct 14, 1970, with the expected date of confinement March 29, 1971. Her weight at the original visit was 281.5 lb. I had taken care of her in the past, primarily for obesity, and on a reducing regimen in 1963 had brought her from 271 to 191 lb. The pregnancy proceeded quite normally and the mother was careful in watching her diet; on March 17, 1971, her weight was 291 lb, blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg, and results of urinalysis were normal. On the afternoon of March 21, while the patient was driving with her husband on a highway near Quincy, Ill, the car for unknown reasons left the road and proceeded
Realizing the Opportunities of Genomics in Health Care
Authors: Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bone Marrow Graft in Man after Conditioning by Antilymphocytic Serum
Authors: G. Mathe, J. L. Amiel, L. Schwarzenberg, J. Choay, P. Trolard, M. Schneider, M. Hayat, J. R. Schlumberger, Cl. Jasmin
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Allogeneic bone marrow grafts carried out after previous administration of antilymphocytic serum alone were attempted in 16 patients. Of these, six had acute myeloblastic leukaemia, four acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and one a blast cell crisis in polycythaemia vera. Ten of these patients were in an overt phase of the disease and resistant to chemotherapy, while nine had complete agranulocytosis. In five of these patients erythrocyte and leucocyte antigenic markers demonstrated the establishment of the graft. One patient had thalassaemia major, and four others had aplasia of the bone marrow, in one case due to chloramphenicol poisoning and in another to virus hepatitis. The grafts were successful in the last two patients and transformed their clinical condition.No signs of early acute secondary disease were noted in any of the patients, either when the donor had been given antilymphocytic serum or when he was untreated. The grafts had no adoptive immunotherapeutic effect on the acute leukaemia. These observations have clearly shown that antilymphocytic serum has an immunosuppressive effect in man when it is used alone.
Efficacy of Selected Diagnostic Tests For Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Richard B. Rothenberg
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Direct urethral and cervical smears for gonorrhea in women are useful because of their high specificity. Male rectal smears are less efficacious. Direct tests for candidiasis and trichomoniasis are also specific, but less sensitive than generally thought. Most tests exhibit only moderate month-to-month variability. No association between infection with trichomonads and gonococci was demonstrated. The gonococcal tests all perform best under conditions of high prevalence, such as those that obtain in venereal disease clinics in the United States.
IL-17 levels in synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis: Target validation in various forms of arthritis
Authors: L. G. M. van Baarsen, M. C. Lebre, D. van der Coelen, B. C. Snoek, D. M. Gerlag, P. P. Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for interleukin 17 (IL-17) in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-17A has been well studied in models of arthritis, but little is known about the relative expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, and their receptors in human synovial tissue. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the expression of IL-17A, IL-17F and their receptors IL-17RA and IL-17RC in synovial tissues of patients with RA, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and osteoarthritis (OA). <h3>Methods</h3> Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained by arthroscopy from patients with RA (n=13), PsA (n=15) and inflammatory OA (n=14). For comparison synovial tissues from non-inflammatory controls (n=7) were included. Immunohistological analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies specific for IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17RA and IL-17RC. Stained sections were evaluated by digital image analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17RA and IL-17RC were abundantly present in synovial tissues of all patient groups and highly variable between patients. Digital image analysis showed a significant increase of IL-17A and IL-17RC, but not of IL-17F and IL-17RA in patients with arthritis compared to non-inflamed control tissues, while the expression of IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17RA was similar between the different patient groups. Expression of IL-17RC in the synovial lining was significantly increased in PsA compared to OA patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Increased expression of IL-17A is not restricted to synovial tissues of RA patients but also observed in other forms of inflammatory arthritis. In contrast, the expression of IL-17F is not significantly increased. IL-17A blockade could provide a novel therapeutic approach in a variety of arthritides.
The heat shock protein inhibitor Quercetin attenuates hepatitis C virus production
Authors: Oscar Gonzalez, Vanessa Fontanes, Santanu Raychaudhuri, Rachel Loo, Joseph Loo, Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, Ren Sun, Asim Dasgupta, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The hepatitis C viral (HCV) genome is translated through an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) as a single polyprotein precursor that is subsequently cleaved into individual mature viral proteins. Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is one of these proteins that has been implicated in regulation of viral genome replication, translation from the viral IRES and viral packaging. We sought to identify cellular proteins that interact with NS5A and determine whether these interactions may play a role in viral production. Mass spectrometric analysis of coimmunoprecipitated NS5A complexes from cell extracts identified heat shock proteins (HSPs) 40 and 70. We confirmed an NS5A/HSP interaction by confocal microscopy demonstrating colocalization of NS5A with HSP40 and with HSP70. Western analysis of coimmunoprecipitated NS5A complexes further confirmed interaction of HSP40 and HSP70 with NS5A. A transient transfection, luciferase-based, tissue culture IRES assay demonstrated NS5A augmentation of HCV IRES-mediated translation, and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of HSP70 reduced this augmentation. Treatment with an inhibitor of HSP synthesis, Quercetin, markedly reduced baseline IRES activity and its augmentation by NS5A. HSP70 knockdown also modestly reduced viral protein accumulation, whereas HSP40 and HSP70 knockdown both reduced infectious viral particle production in an HCV cell culture system using the J6/JFH virus fused to the Renilla luciferase reporter. Treatment with Quercetin reduced infectious particle production at nontoxic concentrations. The marked inhibition of virus production by Quercetin may partially be related to reduction of HSP40 and HSP70 and their potential involvement in IRES translation, as well as viral morphogenesis or secretion.Quercetin may allow for dissection of the viral life cycle and has potential therapeutic use to reduce virus production with low associated toxicity.
Abstract 3060: Target genes of chromosomal 9p13.3 amplification in prostate cancer
Authors: Leena Latonen, Katri A. Leinonen, Outi R. Saramäki, Tapio Visakorpi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The development and progression of cancer is caused by alterations that accumulate in the genome of malignant cells. We are studying genetic alterations occurring in prostate cancer, the most common male malignancy in Western countries. We have previously identified a frequent (39%) gain at 9p13-q21 in 13 prostate cancer xenografts and 5 cell lines by aCGH (Saramäki et al., Int J Cancer 119:1322-1329, 2006). Preliminary results indicate that in clinical prostatectomy samples, gains and amplifications are found in approximately 30% and 10% of the cases, respectively, and that the amplification frequency seems to increase with disease progression to hormone-refractory stage. The 9p13.3 amplification is also found from several breast cancer cell lines, raising the possibility that the amplification target gene(s) in this area may take part in breast cancer formation in addition to prostate cancer. We aim at identifying the target gene of the 9p13.3 amplification in prostate cancer. A minimal region for the 9p13.3 amplification, determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), spans nearly 3.5 Mb and contains more than 40 known and hypothetical protein-coding genes. We initially screened mRNA expression levels by quantitative RT-PCR and chromosomal copy number alterations by FISH for these genes in 7 prostate cancer cell lines and 19 prostate cancer xenografts. Thus, we narrowed down the list of amplification target candidates to eight protein-coding genes (C9orf25, GALT, PIGO, UBAP1, UBAP2, UBE2R2, UNC13B and VCP). We have performed siRNA-mediated downregulation of these genes in cell lines with either a normal copy number status or a gain/amplification in 9p13.3 (prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and 22Rv1; breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and BT-474). Downregulation of several of these genes decrease the proliferation rate of the cells significantly (GALT, PIGO, UBAP1, UBAP2, VCP). As decreased levels of VCP induce cell death in PC-3 cells, downregulation of UBAP1 induces a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In addition, invasion of PC-3 cells in Boyden chamber assay is affected by knock-down of GALT and PIGO. Genes exhibiting alterations in the siRNA assays have been further analyzed for their expression in clinical prostate cancer tumor material by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. These genes are also studied by overexpressing their cDNAs in cell lines with normal 9p13.3 copy number status and screening for altered cellular growth, survival and invasion in vitro. We aim at identifying a novel diagnostic and/or prognostic marker for prostate cancer, and potentially also a target for new cancer therapies, from the 9p13.3 region. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3060. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3060
* The affect of bolus consistency on the oesophageal transition zone in dysphagia patients
Authors: G. Nutton, K. Sparshott, S. A. Riley
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophageal manometry reveals a well-defined trough in peristaltic pressure amplitude in the upper oesophagus of healthy subjects. This manometric ‘transition zone’ (TZ) is associated with the striated-to-smooth oesophageal muscle fibre transition. The physiology of this region and its role in bolus transport in health and disease is incompletely understood. Previous studies have suggested that transition zone abnormalities may account for only a small percentage of patients presenting with dysphagia. However these studies were performed using water swallows only, yet it is known that bolus consistency may have a marked effect on oesophageal contractions, especially in dysphagia patients. The aim of this study was therefore to study the effect of bolus consistency on TZ characteristics in healthy volunteers and patients with dysphagia. <h3>Methods</h3> Following informed consent healthy volunteers and patients with endoscopy negative dysphagia underwent high resolution manometry (HRM) and multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII). Bread (2×2×2 cm) and water (5 ml) boluses were given in random order. Following each swallow TZ length (cm) and duration (s) was measured using the HRM contour maps and MII data were used to assess bolus clearance through the TZ region. <h3>Results</h3> 10 healthy volunteers (age 20–35 years; four female, six male) and 8 dysphagia patients (age 33–64 years; three female, five male) were recruited. Eight of the healthy volunteers had normal manometric characteristics in terms of motility when swallowing water, 2 showed hypocontracting waveforms but were normal when swallowing bread. In healthy volunteers, bolus consistency had no significant effect on TZ length (water bolus (WB) mean = 2.0 cm, range = 0.6–3.1 cm, solid bolus (SB) mean = 1.5 cm, range = 0.0–3.9 cm), however there was a significant difference for TZ duration (WB mean = 1.6 s, SB mean = 1.1 s, p=0.036 paired t test). In dysphagia patients, bolus consistency had a significant effect on TZ length (WB mean = 2.5 cm, range = 0.4–5.2 cm, SB mean = 1.2 cm, range = 0.0–2.8 cm, p=0.049 paired t test), but no significant difference in TZ duration (WB mean = 1.4 s, SB mean = 1.1 s). TZ length was longer in dysphagia patients when swallowing water compared to healthy volunteers (volunteers mean = 2 cm, range = 0.6–3.1 cm, patients mean = 2.5 cm, range = 0.4–5.2 cm). Both patients and volunteers demonstrated incomplete bolus transit, in terms of the MII, at the TZ when swallowing a bread bolus. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Bolus consistency has a significant effect on TZ characteristics in healthy volunteers and patients with dysphagia. The results suggest that previous studies, by studying the TZ characteristics of water boluses, may have underestimated the significance of TZ abnormalities as a cause of dysphagia.
THE USE OF TURPENTINE IN THE TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA.Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: E. W. KELLOGG
Journal: JAMA (1894)

"I dressed his wound, and God healed it!" modestly exclaimed Ambrose Paré, and his trite saying contains a truth too often forgotten in theory, and overlooked in practice. No remedy cures. The utmost we are able to do for any disease is to remove, as far as possible the cause, and allow natural forces to carry on the various processes of repair, and the rational treatment of diphtheria whether situate in the fauces, nose, larynx or trachea should include surgical cleanliness as far as it can be attained. Primarily, we must have correct hygiene; secondarily, nourishment, and lastly, drugs. The selection of a well ventilated room, isolation of the patient, absolute confinement in bed, fresh air and sunshine, the toilet, frequent changes of linen, immediate destruction of soiled cloths, thorough disinfection of the fauces, nose, throat and mouth, should not give place in any stage to internal treatment. Few facts
Phytohemagglutinin-induced IL2 mRNA in whole blood can predict bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy for multiple myeloma patients
Authors: T Watanabe, M Mitsuhashi, M Sagawa, M Ri, K Suzuki, M Abe, K Ohmachi, Y Nakagawa, S Nakamura, M Chosa, S Iida, M Kizaki
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has revolutionized the treatment of multiple myeloma. However, bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BiPN) is a serious complication that compromises clinical outcome. If patients with a risk of developing BiPN could be predicted, physicians might prefer weekly, reduced-dose, or subcutaneous approaches. To seek biomarkers for BiPN, we conducted a multicenter prospective study using a simple and unique system. Multiple myeloma patients received twice-weekly or weekly 1.3 mg/m(2) bortezomib intravenously, and a 2-ml sample of whole blood was obtained before treatment and 2-3 days and 1-3 weeks after the first dose. Induction of gene expression was then quantified by real-time PCR. Of a total of 64 enrolled patients, 53 patient samples qualified for mRNA analysis. The BiPN grade was associated with phytohemagglutinin-induced IL2, IFNG and TNFSF2, as well as with lipopolysaccharide-induced IL6 levels. More importantly, of the 19 patients showing a 3-fold increase in phytohemagglutinin-induced IL2, 14 did not suffer from BiPN (73.7% prediction), whereas of the 34 patients with a <3-fold increase, 23 experienced BiPN (67.6% prediction). Therefore, we concluded that pretreatment of phytohemagglutinin-induced IL2 mRNA levels in whole blood serve as a promising biomarker for predicting BiPN, and this finding warrants validation in a larger study.
The New Birth of Medicine
Authors: C. Allbutt
Journal: BMJ (1919)

THoUoH tlle plans of tlhis special Cli-nical Meeting of the British Medical Association-held for the purpose of bring- ing to the minds of all of us by way of discussion and demonstration the lessons learnt in the war-do not include tlle delivery of acldresses I thinli it beconing that I, wlho have the fortune to be the Presidenit of the Association and of the meetinig, slhould presenit to tllose attendiing it some words of welcome and some thougghts that have lonig been dwelling in my mind.That we miieet together to-day at the greatest momnent in tlle History of Medicine seemis an audacious claim; how shiall it be justified?Not snerely because this is a gatlhering of tlle physicians of nationis, comnlmonwealths, dominions, colonies, and friendly nations, to consider the lessons of a great war, great as such an occasion is; not only because the medicine of modern peoples and em-pires las vindicated its ascendancy ia tlhe greatest war of -all time, but clhiefly becauso at this moent it is revealed to us that Medicine has come to a new birtlh, and' in this
Viremic Relapse after HIV-1 Remission in a Perinatally Infected Child
Authors: Katherine Luzuriaga, Hannah Gay, Carrie Ziemniak, Keri B Sanborn, Mohan Somasundaran, Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, John W Mellors, Daniel Rosenbloom, Deborah Persaud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Recently the “Mississippi Child” was reported as having a prolonged clearance of HIV viremia after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy shortly after birth. Further follow-up of this case is now reported.
Do all musical emotions have the music itself as their intentional object?
Authors: Jenefer Robinson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Juslin &amp; Västfjäll (J&amp;V) think that all emotions aroused by music have the music itself as their “intentional object.” Some of the mechanisms they discuss almost certainly involve both cognitive appraisals and intentional objects. But some of the mechanisms are non-cognitive: they involve neither cognitive appraisals nor intentional objects. Partly for this reason they may produce moods rather than emotions proper.
Cerebellar rhythms: Exploring another metaphor
Authors: Patrick D. Roberts, Gin McCollum, Jan E. Holly
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

The behavior of the climbing fiber system in the cerebellum is viewed in terms of resonances and rhythms. Building upon the anatomical modules in the target article by Simpson et al., the rhythmic behavior of the system is analyzed using a discrete approach. Rhythmic behavior requires oscillations of the olivary cells, but does not necessitate synchrony of complex spike activity. [HOUK et al.; SIMPSON et al.]