tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infantile dilated cardiomyopathy. Relation of outcome to left ventricular mechanics, hemodynamics, and histology at the time of presentation.
Authors: A Matitiau, A Perez-Atayde, S P Sanders, T Sluysmans, I A Parness, P J Spevak, S D Colan
Journal: Circulation (1994)

For patients with acute dilated cardiomyopathy, definition of prognosis and of clinical features predictive of outcome is particularly important due to the availability of cardiac transplantation and other innovative treatment strategies.We reviewed our experience with 24 children under 2 years of age with dilated congestive cardiomyopathy to determine outcome and potential predictive variables. Clinical, serological, ECG, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and histological findings were analyzed. Idiopathic cardiomyopathy or myocarditis constituted 29% of the patients presenting with congestive heart failure without structural heart disease. Among these patients, 45% recovered completely, 25% survived with persistent left ventricular dysfunction, and 30% died. All except one of the deaths occurred during the first 2 months after presentation. Poorer outcome and higher mortality were associated with a more severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction and/or a more spherical left ventricular shape at presentation. Histological evidence of myocardial inflammation was a favorable prognostic indicator, whereas histological evidence of endocardial fibroelastosis was associated with a poor outcome. During the recovery phase, diastolic volume fell rapidly. Ventricular mass was elevated from the earliest observations and fell more slowly, with persistent elevation of the mass-to-volume ratio up to 2 years. Function and contractility improved over the first several months in most patients who recovered, although in occasional patients continued improvement was seen for as long as 2 years after presentation.Histological and echocardiographic features can be used to identify patients at particularly high risk for death. To have any impact on outcome, decisions about cardiac transplantation must be reached rapidly, since almost all deaths occurred within the first 2 months after presentation. Recovery of function is often rapid, but continued improvement may be seen for as long as 2 years.
Letter by Schindhelm Regarding Article, “High Levels of Systemic Myeloperoxidase Are Associated With Coronary Plaque Erosion in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Clinicopathological Study”
Authors: Roger K. Schindhelm
Journal: Circulation (2011)

With Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Clinicopathological Study," Ferrante et al 1 report significant differences in systemic serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations between patients with plaque rupture and patients with plaque erosion.The authors report "strikingly" higher levels of MPO in the latter group of patients.However, this difference between the 2 groups was tested with a Mann-Whitney U test.In Tables 1 and2 of their article, it is clear that smokers are overrepresented in the group of patients with plaque erosion and that smokers have significantly higher serum MPO levels.Therefore, it seems more appropriate to test the differences in systemic MPO concentration between the 2 groups by multiple regression analyses to adjust for smoking status as a possible confounding variable. 2urthermore, it would be of great value if the authors would comment on the issue of preanalytical factors affecting MPO levels.We and others have previously argued that EDTA collection tubes (ie, EDTA plasma) should be the preferred sample for the measurement of MPO concentration. 3,4Serum collection tubes, which were used in the study by Ferrante et al, might have influenced the presented results because of the uncontrollable ex vivo release of MPO from leukocytes during and after sample collection.Nevertheless, the study by Ferrante et al provides interesting insights in the role of MPO as an inflammatory biomarker in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and warrants further research in the applicability of MPO as a prognostic marker in cardiology.
Antenatal Membranous Glomerulonephritis Due to Anti–Neutral Endopeptidase Antibodies
Authors: Hanna Debiec, Vincent Guigonis, Béatrice Mougenot, Fabrice Decobert, Jean-Philippe Haymann, Albert Bensman, Georges Deschênes, Pierre M. Ronco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The hallmark of membranous glomerulonephritis, a major primary nephropathy, is the presence of immune deposits on the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. The cause of such deposits in...
High molecular weight kininogen is an inhibitor of platelet calpain.
Authors: A H Schmaier, H Bradford, L D Silver, A Farber, C F Scott, D Schutsky, R W Colman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Recent studies from our laboratory indicate that a high concentration of platelet-derived calcium-activated cysteine protease (calpain) can cleave high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). On immunodiffusion and immunoblot, antiserum directed to the heavy chain of HMWK showed immunochemical identity with alpha-cysteine protease inhibitor--a major plasma inhibitor of tissue calpains. Studies were then initiated to determine whether purified or plasma HMWK was also an inhibitor of platelet calpain. Purified alpha-cysteine protease inhibitor, alpha-2-macroglobulin, as well as purified heavy chain of HMWK or HMWK itself inhibited purified platelet calpain. Kinetic analysis revealed that HMWK inhibited platelet calpain noncompetitively (Ki approximately equal to 5 nM). Incubation of platelet calpain with HMWK, alpha-2-macroglobulin, purified heavy chain of HMWK, or purified alpha-cysteine protease inhibitor under similar conditions resulted in an IC50 of 36, 500, 700, and 1,700 nM, respectively. The contribution of these proteins in plasma towards the inhibition of platelet calpain was investigated next. Normal plasma contained a protein that conferred a five to sixfold greater IC50 of purified platelet calpain than plasma deficient in either HMWK or total kininogen. Reconstitution of total kininogen deficient plasma with purified HMWK to normal levels (0.67 microM) completely corrected the subnormal inhibitory activity. However, reconstitution of HMWK deficient plasma to normal levels of low molecular weight kininogen (2.4 microM) did not fully correct the subnormal calpain inhibitory capacity of this plasma. These studies indicate that HMWK is a potent inhibitor as well as a substrate of platelet calpain and that the plasma and cellular kininogens may function as regulators of cytosolic, calcium-activated cysteine proteases.
NECROTISING VASCULITIS ASSOCIATED WITH LETHAL RETICULOENDOTHELIAL DISEASES
Authors: W. MITCHELL SAMS, DONALD D. HARVILLE, R. K. WINKELMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. Three cases are reported of necrotising vasculitis occurring with or preceding the onset of a malignant reticular disease. The vasculitis occurred at about the time lymphosarcoma was diagnosed in one patient who had received penicillin. In a second patient the appearance of vasculitis preceded the diagnosis of Hodgkin's granuloma by 2 months. And in a third patient, vasculitis was present about 6 years prior to the development of possible multiple myeloma. These cases emphasize that vasculitis and lymphoma may coexist. The clinician must be alert to the possibility of the development of lymphoma in patients with necrotising vasculitis of chronic course. Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs in two patients resulted in only temporary improvement, and the skin lesions recurred in spite of continued therapy. This raises some doubt concerning the immunological etiology of necrotising vasculitis.
Acute Leukemia Therapy After Age 50
Authors: GEORGE A. OMURA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 June 1974Acute Leukemia Therapy After Age 50GEORGE A. OMURA, M.D., VINOD KANSAL, M.D.GEORGE A. OMURA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, VINOD KANSAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-6-776_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: As noted by Grann and associates in "The Therapy of Acute Granulocytic Leukemia in Patients More than 50 Years Old" (Ann Intern Med80:15-20, 1974), we also have had favorable results in some of our older patients; however, the problem of selecting patients for therapy remains troublesome. We found that an adult who was already bedridden was not likely to benefit from treatment. In a more graded assessment, the pretreatment performance status, as defined by Karnofsky (1), versus complete remission was tabulated for our series of older patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. With a value of 50%...References1. KARNOFSKY D: Meaningful clinical classification of therapeutic responses to anti-cancer drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2:709-712, 1961 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WIERNIK P and SERPICK A: Factors effecting remission and survival in adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Medicine (Baltimore) 49:505-513, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GEORGE A. OMURA, M.D.; VINOD KANSAL, M.D.Affiliations: Division of Hematology School of Medicine University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama 35294 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrognosis in adult acute myelogenous leukemia related to performance status and other factors 1 June 1974Volume 80, Issue 6Page: 776-777KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Sulphathiazole Ointment in the Treatment of Impetigo
Authors: A. J. Steigman
Journal: BMJ (1942)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Environmental reward-predictive stimuli provide a major source of motivation for adaptive reward pursuit behavior. This cue-motivated behavior is known to be mediated by the nucleus accumbens core (NAc). The cholinergic interneurons in the NAc are tonically active and densely arborized and, thus, well-suited to modulate NAc function. But their causal contribution to adaptive behavior remains unknown. Here we investigated the function of NAc cholinergic interneurons in cue-motivated behavior. <h3>Methods</h3> To do this, we used chemogenetics, optogenetics, pharmacology, and a translationally analogous Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer behavioral task designed to assess the motivating influence of a reward-predictive cue over reward-seeking actions in male and female rats. <h3>Results</h3> The data show that NAc cholinergic interneuron activity is necessary and sufficient to oppose the motivating influence of appetitive cues. Chemogenetic inhibition of NAc cholinergic interneurons augmented cue-motivated behavior. Optical stimulation of acetylcholine release from NAc cholinergic interneurons prevented cues from invigorating reward-seeking behavior, an effect that was mediated by activation of β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Thus, NAc cholinergic interneurons provide a critical regulatory influence over adaptive cue-motivated behavior and, therefore, are a potential therapeutic target for the maladaptive cue-motivated behavior that marks many psychiatric conditions, including addiction and depression.
Intrahepatic hepatitis C virus RNA quantification in microdissected hepatocytes
Authors: Giovanna Vona, Rosella Tuveri, Oona Delpuech, Anais Vallet, Danielle Canioni, Giorgio Ballardini, Jean Baptiste Trabut, Brigitte Le Bail, Bertrand Nalpas, Françoise Carnot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
The Frequency of Selected Polymorphic Variants of the RET Gene in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and in the General Population of Central Poland
Authors: Maria Sromek, Malgorzata Czetwertyńska, Elzbieta Skasko, Joanna Zielińska, Dorota Czapczak, Jan Steffen
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2010)
Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Helmuth Vorherr
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  In their recent JAMA article, Wertheimer et al 1 point out that  the concept has been accepted that breast cancer at the time of diagnosis is a systemic disease. However, this concept has been pioneered for more than three decades and breast cancer has therefore been treated conservatively with lumpectomy and radiotherapy; survival rates for up to 25 years are not different when conservative and radical treatments for breast cancer are compared (Figure).  Because no effective systemic treatment of breast cancer is available, emphasis must be placed on early diagnosis to increase the chance of survival. Mammography is now championed: We must actively and aggressively screen asymptomatic women... radiation risk per se should no longer be a factor. 1 These efforts are commendable and physicians already order mammograms liberally or excessively because of fears of overlooking carcinoma and facing possible litigation.  Because the pathobiology of breast
Hemoperitoneum after endoscopic mucosal resection for Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Pascale Mercky, Jean-Michel Gonzalez, Fabrice Caillol, Erwan Bories, Christian Pesenti, Marc Giovannini
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 67-year-old man was referred for Barrett's esophagus, Prague classification C8M8, with high grade dysplasia (HGD). A first endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) using the Duette system (Wilson Cook Medical, USA) allowed removal of half of the circumference of the Barrett's area. The remaining Barrett's zone was resected 1 month later, without peroperative adverse events ([Fig. 1]). However, 4 hours after the endoscopy, the patient complained of thoracic and abdominal pain, without subcutaneous emphysema or signs of peritonitis. A computed tomography scan ([Fig. 2]) revealed a perisplenic, perihepatic, and pelvic hemoperitoneum; this was associated with an acute fall in hemoglobin (2 g/dL) requiring a transfusion. In the event, the patient's course was spontaneously favorable without hemorrhagic shock or recurrence of bleeding. He did not need additional interventions and he recovered fully within 7 days. The pathological analysis confirmed Barrett's esophagus with low grade dysplasia (LGD) and some HGD areas, and with safe resection margins.
TYPHUS FEVER
Authors: Henry Pinkerton, G. M. Hass
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

Typhus Rickettsiae are found in large numbers in sections of tissue cultures of scrotal sac exudate. Extensive multiplication of the organisms occurs, and new cells become infected. Organisms are seen in cells undergoing mitotic division. The organisms usually become less numerous after the 6th day in vitro, but in one instance organisms were extremely numerous on the 16th and 21st days. Rickettsiae in tissue cultures retain their intracellular location, even when infection is very heavy. They multiply exclusively in non-phagocytic cells which are believed to be of mesothelial origin. Pleomorphism is much more pronounced in tissue cultures than in guinea pig tissues and is entirely comparable to that seen in the louse.
1125-136 Predictive factors of peri and post operative outcome after valve replacement in patients with critical aortic stenosis and very low ejection fraction
Authors: Bruno Vaquette, Herve Corbineau, Marcel Laurent, Bernard Lelong, Thierry Langanay, Christian de Place, Jean Philippe Verhoye, Christophe Ieclercq, Jean-Claude Daubert, Alain Leguerrier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Perspectives in Pancreatic and Islet Cell Transplantation for the Therapy of IDDM
Authors: Riccardo Calafiore
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

Endocrine pancreas transplantation could provide an ideal solution to the problem posed by IDDM. Although preliminary clinical success achieved over the past few years has been considerably higher with whole pancreatic transplant than with isolated islet grafts, both approaches remain experimental. Islet grafts might gain, over time, increasing credibility and might eventually provide an easier alternative in terms of grafting procedures and patient management, as compared with the more “traumatizing” whole-pancreas transplantation, but only if the pending technical problems are fully surmounted. Combined pancreas/kidney (either simultaneous pancreas/kidney [SPK] or pancreas after kidney [PAK]) transplantation, under general immunosuppression, in IDDM patients also suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a procedure that may be worth pursuing in selected cases. However, there are still quite serious reservations about the scaled-up applicability of pancreas transplant alone (PTA) in patients with “brittle” IDDM; major restrictions are not only the necessity of pharmacological immunosuppression, but also the lower functional performance of PTA, especially as compared with SPK grafting. In terms of islets, as problems of human islet yield and purity are gradually being overcome, the problem of islet graft-directed immune destruction hampers the success of ongoing clinical trials in IDDM patients. The invariable requirement of general immunosuppression affects pancreatic as much as islet grafts, although a number of alternative, yet experimental, immunoprotection strategies in progress might suit islets better than they would whole organs. Another issue concerns the relative inadequacy of cadaveric donor organ availability, the requirements of which are more stringent for islets because of the persistent variability of islet cell yield per organ. Tremendous experimental efforts are in progress to create xenogeneic porcine/bovine islets and, perhaps over a longer period of time, human/nonhuman engineered insulin-producing cells suitable for graft within special immunoisolation barrier membranes.
Choriocarcinoma Arising in the Male Mediastinum
Authors: M. J. G. Lynch, G. L. Blewett
Journal: Thorax (1953)

Choriocarcinoma of extragenital origin is a rare condition.Bonn and Evans (1942) could find only 30 reports in the literature, and rarer still are tumours of this nature which grow from the medi- astinum.The following case, therefore, appears to merit reporting. CASE REPORTA 26-year-old man, the father of two children, was admitted on May 2, 1949, complaining of pain in the chest, coughing up blood, feverishness, and shortness of breath.His illness began four weeks before this date with a pleuritic pain in the left upper chest.Three days after first experiencing this pain he coughed up the first of daily half-cupfuls of blood-stained sputum.Intermittent fever had set in some three weeks before admission.Till then, but for these symptoms and signs, the patient had felt in fair general condition, and FIG.1.-Radiograph on the day of admission.Mediastinal tumour extending to left: secondaries right lung and left apex.
Retention in the British National Health Service of medical graduates trained in Britain: cohort studies
Authors: M. J Goldacre, J. M Davidson, T. W Lambert
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To report the percentage of graduates from British medical schools who eventually practise medicine in the British NHS. <b>Design</b> Cohort studies using postal questionnaires, employment data, and capture-recapture analysis. <b>Setting</b> Great Britain. <b>Subjects</b> 32 430 graduates from all British medical schools in nine graduation cohorts from 1974 to 2002, subdivided into home based medical students (those whose homes were in Great Britain when they entered medical school) and those from overseas (whose homes were outside Great Britain when they entered medical school). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Working in the NHS at seven census points from two to 27 years after qualification. <b>Results</b> Of home based doctors, 88% of men (6807 of 7754) and 88% of women (7909 of 8985) worked as doctors in the NHS two years after qualification. The corresponding values were 87% of men (7483 of 8646) and 86% of women (7364 of 8594) at five years; 86% (6803 of 7872) and 86% (5407 of 6321) at 10 years; 85% (5404 of 6331) and 84% (3206 of 3820) at 15 years; and 82% (2534 of 3089) and 81% (1132 of 1395) at 20 years. Attrition from the NHS had not increased in recent cohorts compared with older ones at similar times after graduation. Of overseas students, 76% (776 of 1020) were in the NHS at two years, 72% (700 of 972) at five years, 63% (448 of 717) at ten years, and 52% (128 of 248) at 20 years. <b>Conclusions</b> The majority of British medical graduates from British medical schools practise in the NHS in both the short and long term. Differences between men and women in this respect are negligible. A majority of doctors from overseas homes remain in Britain for their years as junior doctors, but eventually about half leave the NHS.
Mutations in TMEM216 perturb ciliogenesis and cause Joubert, Meckel and related syndromes
Authors: Enza Maria Valente, Clare V Logan, Soumaya Mougou-Zerelli, Jeong Ho Lee, Jennifer L Silhavy, Francesco Brancati, Miriam Iannicelli, Lorena Travaglini, Sveva Romani, Barbara Illi, Matthew Adams, Katarzyna Szymanska, Annalisa Mazzotta, Ji Eun Lee, Jerlyn C Tolentino, Dominika Swistun, Carmelo D Salpietro, Carmelo Fede, Stacey Gabriel, Carsten Russ, Kristian Cibulskis, Carrie Sougnez, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Edgar A Otto, Susanne Held, Bill H Diplas, Erica E Davis, Mario Mikula, Charles M Strom, Bruria Ben-Zeev, Dorit Lev, Tally Lerman Sagie, Marina Michelson, Yuval Yaron, Amanda Krause, Eugen Boltshauser, Nadia Elkhartoufi, Joelle Roume, Stavit Shalev, Arnold Munnich, Sophie Saunier, Chris Inglehearn, Ali Saad, Adila Alkindy, Sophie Thomas, Michel Vekemans, Bruno Dallapiccola, Nicholas Katsanis, Colin A Johnson, Tania Attié-Bitach, Joseph G Gleeson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Morphologie et psychologie
Authors: C. Nicolétis
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Research about signification of the wish for changing in morphology, begins by a study about signification of appearance. This essay, written by a plastic surgeon, is a concentrated thought which was freely exposed at the Vlth International Meeting of Psychosomatic Medicine held in Paris in 1969. It is an interesting bridge between Action and Speculative thoughts on this subject. But it is, perhaps, too short.
Substance of a Clinical Lecture on a Case of Femoro-Popliteal Aneurism: which had been laid open by mistake
Authors: T. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1880)

You lately had the opportunity of seeing a case which is so rare in its occurrence, and which conveyed so many important surgical lessons, that I must recall your attention to it.The notes of the case may be thus summarised.The patient was a young man aged 29, a labourer, in fairly good health.He had had
Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised phase II trial
Authors: Shi-Ming Tu, Randall E Millikan, Bayabel Mengistu, Ebrahim S Delpassand, Robert J Amato, Lance C Pagliaro, Danai Daliani, Christos N Papandreou, Terry L Smith, Jeri Kim, Donald A Podoloff, Christopher J Logothetis
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Acute Gastric Dilatation in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: K. P. Jennings, A. M. Klidjian
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Two patients with anorexia nervosa were treated on a general surgical unit for acute gastric dilatation. In both cases the dilatation rapidly followed an increase in the usual low dietary intake of the patients, and the ingestion of extra food may have initiated the acute episode. Conservative treatment with parenteral fluids, nasogastric intubation, and then a gradual return to a normal diet proved a satisfactory method of management. In one patient the anorexia itself was improved.