tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Marvin A. Sackner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1988Respiratory Muscle FatigueMarvin A. Sackner, MD, Bruce P. Krieger, MDMarvin A. Sackner, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Bruce P. Krieger, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-9-758_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Murciano and colleagues (1) showed that tracheal occlusion pressure (P0.1) provided a better predictive index for successful extubation than classic weaning criteria in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The authors also correlated P0.1 with electromyographic evidence of diaphragmatic fatigue and concluded that P0.1 provided "a valid and simple index to assess the likelihood of respiratory muscle fatigue."The authors reported that respiratory frequency (f) significantly decreased (P< 0.005) in 11 patients successfully extubated (group 1) in contrast to the chronic elevations that occurred in five patients who later needed to have mechanical ventilatory...References1. MurcianoBoczkowskiLecocguicMilic EmiliParienteAubier DJYJRM. Tracheal occlusion pressure: a simple index to monitor respiratory muscle fatigue during acute respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive disease. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:800-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KriegerFeinermanZaronBizousky BDAF. Continuous noninvasive monitoring of respiratory rate in critically ill patients. Chest. 1986;90:632-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. EberhartWeigalt RJ. Respiratory monitoring: current techniques and some new developments. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir. 1985;21:295-300. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach, FL 33140 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1988Volume 109, Issue 9Page: 758-758KeywordsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseElectromyographyExtubationFatigueMusclesWeaning Issue Published: 1 November 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Duration and severity of the disease but not menopausal status are the main risk factors for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Albert Pares, Nuria Guañabens, Inmaculada Ros, Ll. Caballería, Francesca Pons, Sergi Vidal, Ana Monegal, Pilar Peris, Juan Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
The Health Movement: Promoting Fitness in America
Authors: Rose Laub Coser
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Within the last two decades, concerns with health have inundated American life, from the mass media to cocktail party talk, to the extent that a movement whose beginnings can be traced to the early 19th century and sometimes earlier has now become part of popular culture. The fitness movement has influenced economics and politics, science and medicine. The author deals with nutrition, physical exercise, and smoking, and in each case traces the movement's beginnings to the 19th century or even earlier, when its appeal was already related to social well-being and social change. For example, he writes, "Benjamin Rush and other leaders of the American Revolution equated health with revolution." The movement's ideology has been infused with spiritual and religious concerns and with messianic zeal. At the same time, according to the sociologist Kingsley Davis, like the mental health movement some 50 years ago, which appealed to American middle-class values,
INCREASED POTENCY OF CARDIAC STEM CELLS COMPARED TO BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN CARDIAC REPAIR
Authors: Behzad Nasehi Oskouei, Guillaume Lamirault, Chacko Joseph, Stephanie Landa, Marc Dauer, Adriana V. Treuer, Wayne Balkan, Ian McNiece, Joshua M. Hare
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Phenotypic changes associated with chemically induced differentiation of a hairy cell leukemia cell line
Authors: W. Craig Hooper, Rolf F. Barth, Jun Minowada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract In vitro chemically induced differentiation of the JOK‐1 cell line, derived from a patient with hairy cell leukemia, has been studied. Non‐induced JOK‐1 cells expressed sIgM, B‐1, CALLA, Ia, and C3 receptors. Following exposure to 2% DMSO, or 100 ng/ml 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), the cells underwent a phenotypic change from lymphoblastoid to monocytoid. In the presence of TPA, they became adherent and developed dendritic processes. Associated with these changes was a decrease in sIgM and CALLA and variable expression of C3 receptors. No monocyte/macrophage‐associated antigens were detected. These results suggest that the JOK‐1 cell line may have a limited ability to differentiate but is not mature enough to complete the differentiation process.
Unusual Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan Imaging in a Case of Skull Angioma
Authors: MARIANNE TONDEUR, HAMPHREY HAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A hard swelling located on the top of the skull developed progressively in a 27-year-old woman who had been treated previously for ovarian dysgerminoma. Bone scintigraphy showed an unusual pattern, consisting of a well-circumscribed area of intensely increased uptake that seemed superimposed on the skull. Results of a CT scan were inconclusive. Biopsy of the lesion revealed a benign osseous angioma.
BRAIN SURGERY, WITH REPORT OF NINE CASES.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: F. C. SCHAEFER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

My subject might perhaps have been named more appropriately cranial surgery, as I wish to report nine cases of injury to the head ; all of them, however, interfered with the function of the brain, and in three of them there was actual destruction of brain tissue.Of these nine cases, four recovered completely, one improved so much, that we have reason to believe that he will in the course of time, recover sufficiently to be of some use to his family.Four died.As we have yet much to learn concerning the diagnosis and management of injuries to the head, and as all of them have their own peculiarities to a certain extent, it seems to me an.accurate be the case, as he made a prompt recovery.
Gall-stones: Ten Years' Surgical Experience
Authors: L. Barrington-Ward
Journal: BMJ (1939)

An invitation to deliver a memorial lecture demands of the lecturer something more than a mere recital of general impressions of some branch of surgery: it provides an opportunity to review in detail a special branch of his work.He is comforted by the thought that should his listeners not be particularly enlightened or entertained the review is yet of the greatest benefit to himself.It is easy in the rush of the daily event to forget details, to remember successes and gloss over failures, and a cold analysis of a series of cases and the re-reading of old notes in the light of new experience are salutary in con- firming or destroying convictions.With this in mind I have collected and analysed all the cases of gall-stones upon which I have operated in the last ten years (1928-37 inclusive).At once one receives a correction, for the cases amount to 209, and my impression had been that they were far more numerous.They fall into well-defined groups, and I propose to discuss them in their order of frequency. Calculous CholecystitisThis is by far the largest group, consisting of 177 cases.It is the condition covered by the clinical description of " suffering from gall-stones."Its title denotes gall-stones confined to the gall-bladder, which is always more or less inflamed.Infection predisposes to the formation of gall- stones, and they certainly increase infection by their irritating presence.It is well known that the degree of suffering caused by cholelithiasis is very variable.Often calculi are discovered post mortem that have appeared to produce no ill effect during life, and yet in others they are responsible for excruciating suffering and constant ill- health.The explanation is to be found in local anatomical variation of the gall-bladder and the degree of associated infection.Of this series 50 per cent.sought surgical relief
A Method for Rating Charts to Identify and Classify Patients with Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Authors: Robert C. Smith, Elie Korban, Mohammed Kanj, Robert Haddad, Judith S. Lyles, Catherine Lein, Joseph C. Gardiner, Annemarie Hodges, Francesca C. Dwamena, John Coffey, Clare Collins
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; As part of conducting a randomized control trial (RCT) to treat chronically high utilizing patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), we developed the chart rating method reported here to identify and classify MUS subjects. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Intended at this point only as a research tool, the method is comprehensive, uses explicit guidelines, and requires clinician raters. It distinguishes primary organic disease patients from those with primary MUS, quantifies medical comorbidities in primary MUS patients, and also distinguishes subgroups among MUS patients that we call somatization (resembles DSM-IV somatoform disorders) and minor acute illness (MAI) which differs from DSM-IV somatoform definitions. Scoring rules are used to generate the diagnoses above. The rules may be set according to the investigator’s needs, from highly sensitive to highly specific. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; We found high levels of agreement with the gold standard for MUS vs. organic disease (97.6%) and among raters for the key individual chart elements rated (92–96%). The method identified 206 MUS subjects and the extent of their medical comorbidities for entry into a RCT. It also identified somatization and MAI; the latter supports the validity of this newly reported MAI syndrome. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; We concluded that this method offered research potential for identifying MUS patients, for quantifying their medical comorbidities, and for classifying MUS subgroups.
THYROID FUNCTION MEASURED BY SERUM PRECIPITABLE IODINE DETERMINATIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: EUGENE B. BRODY, EVELYN B. MAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

A study of the serum precipitable iodine values in 57 schizophrenic patients reveals no essential differences from the normal, although subgroup variations are suggested in the hebephrenic (high) and hyperactive (low) group. These data suggest that the hormonal output of the schizophrenic thyroid is within normal limits, and that the low basal metabolism of schizophrenics is a function not of low thyroid activity, but of defective responsivity of the schizophrenic organism to circulating thyroid hormone.
Plasma growth hormone concentration in corticosteroid-treated children
Authors: Helen G. Morris, Jacqueline R. Jorgensen, Shirley A. Jenkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Endogenous plasma growth hormone concentrations were measured in 23 children who were receiving daily corticosteroid therapy and in 10 control asthmatic children who had not received steroids for at least 8 months. The growth hormone concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients both during the fasting state and after insulin-induced hypoglycemia. 12 children, who were studied while receiving a large dose of prednisone and again 2 wk after steroid withdrawal, also showed no change in growth hormone concentration in relation to corticosteroid therapy. These findings suggest that deficiency of growth hormone is not the major mechanism responsible for the dwarfism of corticosteroid-treated children.
Abnormalities of Circulating 25-OH Vitamin D after Jejunal-Ileal Bypass for Obesity
Authors: STEVEN L. TEITELBAUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Circulating levels of 25-OH vitamin D were measured in 44 patients who had undergone small intestinal bypass for obesity. Sixty-one percent had low circulating levels of the metabolite, which tended to normalize with time. This adaptive response also occurred for circulating total calcium, magnesium, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase. Serum concentrations of 25-OH vitamin D were directly related to total serum calcium and albumin. Impaired intestinal absorption of 25-OH vitamin D was seen in two patients. Following correction of total serum calcium for attendant hypoalbuminemia, 27% of patients remained hypocalcemic. The bone densities of two of 32 patients were low. In addition, skeletal biopsies of three of six patients were abnormal. It is concluded that small intestinal bypass results in at least transient deficits of circulating 25-OH vitamin D. As this operation may be associated with abnormal bone morphology, clinically significant skeletal disease may become apparent with long-term follow-up.
The Safety of Nuclear Power Plants in the United States-Reply
Authors: H. Jack Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Bari and Kouts are quite correct in identifying important differences between the containment structure, other safety systems, and the fundamental design of the Chernobyl reactor and those in commercial US light water reactors. The point of my comments about these aspects of Chernobyl was that—in contrast to early US press reports that no containment or other safety systems were present—the reactor did have containment, inert shielding, and pressure-suppression features. From the point of view of US physicians concerned about public health and safety in this country, the key question is not whether we might experience an accident developing precisely as that at Chernobyl did—something that is very unlikely. It is, instead, whether the final common pathway at Chernobyl—the mixing of molten nuclear reactor fuel with water or concrete, creating steam and hydrogen of tremendous explosive force—could occur in any US reactors and breach their containments. On this
Bortezomib induces apoptosis in primitive chronic myeloid leukemia cells including LTC-IC and NOD/SCID repopulating cells
Authors: Nicholas B. Heaney, Francesca Pellicano, Bin Zhang, Lisa Crawford, Su Chu, Syed M. A. Kazmi, Elaine K. Allan, Heather G. Jorgensen, Alexandra E. Irvine, Ravi Bhatia, Tessa L. Holyoake
Journal: Blood (2010)
CD28 Costimulation Impairs the Efficacy of a Redirected T-cell Antitumor Attack in the Presence of Regulatory T cells Which Can Be Overcome by Preventing Lck Activation
Authors: David M Kofler, Markus Chmielewski, Gunter Rappl, Anja Hombach, Tobias Riet, Annette Schmidt, Andreas A Hombach, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Hinrich Abken
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Adoptive T-cell transfer showed promising efficacy in recent trials raising interest in T cells with redirected specificity against tumors. T cells were engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with predefined binding and CD3ζ signaling to initiate T-cell activation. CD28 costimulation provided by a CD28-CD3ζ signaling CAR moreover improved T cell activation and persistence; however, it failed to meet the expectations with respect to mounting attacks against solid tumors infiltrated with regulatory T (Treg) cells. We revealed that a CD28 CAR-redirected T-cell attack is accompanied by higher numbers of Treg cells infiltrating the tumor and is less efficient against cancer cells in presence of Treg cells than a CD3ζ CAR T-cell attack. Deletion of the lck binding moiety in the CD28 CAR endodomain, however, improved redirected anti-tumor activity in presence of Treg cells without impairing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion, proliferation, and cytolysis. CD28 modification abrogated interleukin-2 (IL-2) induction upon CAR engagement which in turn is no longer available to sustain Treg cell persistence. CARs with the modified CD28 endodomain thereby expedite the implementation of adoptive T-cell therapy in patients with a variety of cancer types that are heavily infiltrated by Treg cells.
New B.N.F.
Authors: T. D. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MRICAL 847patients with glandular fever almost invariably develop a rash if given ampicillin,25 and the same is true to a lesser extent for some other antibiotics.A survey of the literature shows that there has been a particularly high incidence of rashes in patients treated with ampicillin for Sabnonella infections.It has been postulated that some of the rashes may be produced by endotoxin released by rapid lysis of bacteria, though there is little evidence to support this.Many of these patients received high dosage, but we have been unable to show a significant relationship between dosage and incidence.An intensive investigation is being undertaken in an attempt to provide information on many of the unexplained features of the rash associated with ampicillin therapy.-I am, etc.,
Do freckles protect the skin from actinic damage?
Authors: P.D. WILSON, A.M. KLIGMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Epidermal sunburn (SB) cells were counted 24 h after exposure of the skin to suprathreshold doses of solar simulated radiation. The sites compared were evenly pigmented black skin and freckled white skin. SB cell numbers were dose related in all cases. There were fewer SB cells in black than white skin following equivalent erythemogenic doses of UVR, Equal doses of UVR produced fewer SB cells in freckled than non‐freckled white skin. Freckles provide a significant degree of protection against acute sunburn.
Minimal cross-intolerance with nilotinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic or accelerated phase who are intolerant to imatinib
Authors: Jorge E. Cortes, Andreas Hochhaus, Philipp D. le Coutre, Gianantonio Rosti, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Elias Jabbour, Kathryn Gillis, Richard C. Woodman, Rick E. Blakesley, Francis J. Giles, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Michele Baccarani
Journal: Blood (2011)
Biallelic inactivation of TRAF3 in a subset of B-cell lymphomas with interstitial del(14)(q24.1q32.33)
Authors: I Nagel, S Bug, H Tönnies, O Ammerpohl, J Richter, I Vater, E Callet-Bauchu, M J Calasanz, J A Martinez-Climent, C Bastard, M Salido, E Schroers, J I Martin-Subero, S Gesk, L Harder, A Majid, M J S Dyer, R Siebert
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Non-myeloablative allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for treatment of metastatic invasive thymoma
Authors: Akihiko Numata, Keiko Yasuda, Takahiro Fukuda, Eishi Baba, Satoshi Yamasaki, Ken Takase, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Koji Nagafuji, Shuji Nakano, Mine Harada
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2005)
Malignant Mesothelioma of the Peritoneum
Authors: Ill Lyong Yoon
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Dyspnea and edema of the lower extremities necessitated hospitalization of a 77-year-old obese woman with a history of heart disease. Examination revealed an effusion in the right pleural cavity, and repeated thoracenteses had to be carried out. In addition to the pleural effusion there was progressive distention of the abdomen, the general condition of the patient deteriorated, and she died. Postmortem examination disclosed no ascitic fluid in the abdomen, but many polypoid tumor masses. The final anatomic diagnosis was diffuse tubular mesothelioma of the peritoneum, with metastases to liver and right lung. The presence of an effusion in the chest and its absence in the abdomen in this case are significant, and the predominance of cardiorespiratory over abdominal symptoms illustrates the unusual biological behavior of this type of neoplasm.
Serum osteocalcin and vitamin D metabolites in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: H Franck, E Keck
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--Osteocalcin is the major non-collagenous protein of bone and is regarded as a specific index of bone formation. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of bone formation measured by osteocalcin in 38 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its dependence on various parameters of calcium and phosphate metabolism. METHODS--Serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured in 38 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and in 52 controls. RESULTS--Mean serum osteocalcin was significantly reduced in patients with AS (men 1.7 (1.1) ng/ml; women 1.2 (1.1) ng/ml) compared with the corresponding control groups (men 3.2 (1.3) ng/ml; women 4.1 (1.7) ng/ml). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase was only slightly but significantly higher (135 (44) U/l) in patients with AS than in the corresponding controls (114 (35) U/l). Serum parathyroid hormone (AS 3.1 (0.7) v 2.7 (0.6) mE/ml) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (AS 64.0 (34.5) v 52.4 (6.7) pg/ml) were slightly but not significantly higher in patients with AS. Consequently, as both hormones are known to stimulate osteocalcin synthesis, they are not responsible for low osteocalcin levels in patients with AS. No significant correlation between alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin was found. Low serum levels of osteocalcin in patients with AS reflect lower osteoblastic activity in AS. CONCLUSIONS--Bone turnover in patients with AS is characterised by low bone formation in the presence of normal levels of calcium regulating hormones.
NI-76 * COMPUTER EXTRACTED ORIENTED TEXTURE FEATURES ON T1-GADOLINIUM MRI FOR DISTINGUISHING RADIATION NECROSIS FROM RECURRENT BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: P. Tiwari, P. Prasanna, L. Rogers, L. Wolansky, M. Cohen, A. Madabhushi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Differentiating radiation necrosis (RN), a delayed response to radiation, from recurrent brain tumors is a clinically challenging problem both for primary and metastatic patients; due to their similar appearances on gadolinium-contrast T1-weighted MRI (Gd-T1). Biopsy/ resection is currently the only method for definitive diagnosis. To date no radiographic features have been definitely identified that can distinguish between RN and recurrent brain-tumors on T1-w MRI. We present a new gradient orientation texture feature that aims to capture the differential spatial patterns between RN and recurrent brain-tumors, the hypothesis being that recurrent tumors have more heterogeneity in appearance and hence the texture gradients are more randomly oriented compared to RN. METHOD AND MATERIALS: We analyzed 42 immediate presurgical Gd-T1 MRI studies, 20 primary (10 RN, 10 recurrent tumors) and 22 metastatic (10 RN, 12 recurrent brain-tumors). All patients underwent resection or multiple biopsies of the recurrent imaging lesion. An expert neuropathologist, blinded to the original diagnosis and type of radiation, established the diagnosis of RN versus recurrence. Orientation of every pixel within the lesion is obtained by calculating intensity gradient of every pixel based on the proximal pixels in X and Y-direction. We then compute entropy of these orientations for every pixel on an image. The entropy values across RN and recurrent tumors are curated and evaluated for both pathologies. RESULTS: The mean normalized entropy values were found to be: 0.95 + /-0.13 (recurrence metastasis), 0.91 +/- 0.08 (RN metastasis), and 0.89 + /- 0.09 (recurrence primary), and 0.87 +/- 0.1 (RN primary) within the lesion area, with the accuracy of 80% for distinguishing RN and recurrence in metastatic and 77% for primary brain tumor patients. CONCLUSION: radiation necrosis and recurrence manifest significantly different textural oriented gradients for both primary and metastatic brain tumors, features that are not visually discernible but resolvable by a computer.