tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis in beige mice. Deficiency of leukocytic neutral proteinases prevents the induction of albuminuria in the heterologous phase.
Authors: G Schrijver, J Schalkwijk, J C Robben, K J Assmann, R A Koene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis with massive albuminuria can be induced in mice by injection of heterologous antibodies against mouse GBM. The albuminuria and the glomerular lesions in this model are not mediated by complement, but are dependent on the presence of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) in the glomeruli. Neutral serine proteinases and reactive oxygen metabolites produced by activated PMN have been implicated as agents contributing to tissue damage. We examined the role of leukocytic neutral proteinases by comparing the glomerular damage and albuminuria after injection of rabbit anti-mouse GBM antibodies in normal control mice (C57BL/6J, +/+) and in beige mice (C57BL/6J,bg/bg) in which PMN are deficient of the neutral proteinases elastase and cathepsin G. The dose-dependent albuminuria that occurred in control mice after injection of 1.4-22 mg of anti-GBM antibodies was not observed in beige mice, despite a comparable influx of PMNs in the glomeruli. By electron microscopy both strains showed a similar attachment of PMN to the denuded GBM together with swelling and necrosis of endothelial cells. Elastase activity of extracts from PMN of beige mice was only 10-15% of the activity of control mice. In vitro, GBM degradation by PMN extracts of beige mice was 70% lower than that seen in control experiments. PMNs of beige and control mice showed no differences in superoxide production. In addition, administration of scavengers of reactive oxygen metabolites, such as catalase and desferrioxamine, did not prevent the albuminuria in this model. These findings support the important contribution of leukocytic neutral proteinases to the induction of albuminuria in the acute phase of anti-GBM nephritis in the mouse.
Persistent fetal haemoglobin and falsely high glycosylated haemoglobin levels.
Authors: R B Paisey, R Read, R Palmer, M Hartog
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Some of the routine methods of measuring glycosylated haemoglobin depend on its difference in charge from haemoglobin A and do not distinguish between glycosylated haemoglobin and fetal haemoglobin. Two insulin dependent diabetics showed persistent discrepancies between their capillary blood glucose values and their glycosylated haemoglobin values measured by agar gel electrophoresis: the blood values were normal but the glycosylated haemoglobin values were raised. In one patient increases in insulin dose in response to the glycosylated haemoglobin results repeatedly produced hypoglycaemia. Both patients were found to have higher than normal concentrations of fetal haemoglobin; and when measured by the thiobarbituric acid reaction their glycosylated haemoglobin levels were almost normal. This problem may be avoided by using a method that distinguishes between fetal and glycosylated haemoglobin or by testing glycosylation of hair or serum albumin if discrepancies arise. This is particularly important during pregnancy, when some women have an increase in fetal haemoglobin.
110 MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RICTOR (MTORC2) AS A CANDIDATE ONCOGENE IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: A. Villanueva, H. Cornella, V. Tovar, C. Alsinet, D. Chiang, J. Peix, B. Minguez, T. Sara, R. Savic, Y. Hoshida, A. Lachenmayer, S. Thung, S. Roayaie, M. Schwartz, B. Jordi, V. Mazzaferro, S. Friedman, J. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Elemental Content of Airway Surface Liquid from Infants with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: JEREMY HULL, WILLIAM SKINNER, COLIN ROBERTSON, PETER PHELAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We tested the hypothesis that airway surface liquid (ASL) electrolyte composition is altered in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and that the presence of airway inflammation affects ASL composition. We measured the tracheal ASL sodium and chloride concentration and examined bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytology, interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations, and quantitative bacterial culture in 19 infants and young children with CF. Seven infants undergoing bronchoscopy for the evaluation of stridor served as non-CF controls. In addition, we measured nasal ASL sodium and chloride concentrations from 10 young adults with CF and from 10 control subjects. On the basis of the BAL findings, the infants with CF were divided into three groups: one with little evidence of pulmonary inflammation (CF-NI, n = 5); one with obvious pulmonary inflammation (CF-I, n = 7); and an intermediate group (CF-MI, n = 7). We found the ASL sodium was not different among any of the four groups (means mM ± SE, 85 ± 10 controls; 78 ± 16 CF-NI; 83 ± 9 CF-MI, 84 ± 9 CF-I). In contrast the ASL chloride was lower in the CF-NI group when compared with control subjects (108 ± 5 control subjects; 77 ± 7 CF-NI, p < 0.01). In the CF-I and CF-MI groups, the ASL chloride concentrations were of intermediate values (CF-I 95 ± 10 mM; CF-MI 96 ± 9 mM) and not significantly different from controls. Results from the nasal ASL analysis showed no significant differences in sodium and chloride concentrations in the CF group compared with control subjects. These results suggest that the primary abnormality of ASL composition is a reduction in chloride concentration. ASL composition appears to be affected by the presence of airway inflammation.
Essential Medical Physiology
Authors: Panayotis G. Iatridis
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<i>Essential Medical Physiology</i>by Leonard R. Johnson is a new text in human physiology and is designed primarily for medical students. As the editor indicates in his preface, the text contains only material essential to medical physiology courses as taught in most of the US and Canadian medical schools. Nine experienced physiology teachers have contributed to the text. Although there are not many clinical-correlation examples, it might prepare medical students very well for the practice of medicine, and it provides the necessary background to better understand pathophysiology and clinical medicine. Central nervous system physiology, customarily taught in a separate neurosciences course, is not covered. The first of six parts is "General Physiology," followed by "Cardiovascular Physiology," "Respiratory Physiology," "Renal Physiology," "Gastrointestinal Physiology," and "Endocrine Physiology." There are a total of 51 chapters. After a short introduction, each is subdivided according to specific topics and ends with a relevant bibliography. At
A National Self-Assessment Program in Internal Medicine
Authors: Fredric D. Burg, Martin E. Grosse, Calvin F. Kay
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program of the American College of Physicians is one of the largest continuing medical education programs in the United States. The scope and educational rationale for each of the components of the program are described. More than 32 000 physicians used one or more components during 1977 and 1978. Performance on the self-assessment examinations showed that, on the average, participants who submitted answer sheets scored in the range of 65% to 75% correct responses. Participants performed better in areas reflecting their special interests and, in general, performance appeared to improve for groups that were closer to the completion of formal training in internal medicine. Specific suggestions have been made as to how the program might be improved in future years.
Boston addiction doctor is jailed for defrauding Medicaid
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A Boston doctor, whose addiction clinics employed around 370 people, including 30 physicians, has been sentenced to 11 months in prison and ordered to pay $9.3m (£6.1m; €8.6m) in restitution over a Medicaid fraud scheme based on urine testing of recovering addicts. He has also surrendered his medical license.

Punyamurtula Kishore, 64, an Indian citizen living in the United States since 1977, pleaded guilty to a complex kickback scheme that cheated millions of dollars from MassHealth, the Medicaid administrator for Massachusetts.

Kishore paid …
Conference hears how study of medical history faces global crisis
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The study of medical history faces a bleak future as university cutbacks protect science at the expense of humanities, academics warned this week.

Financial constraints expected to hit UK higher education under the government’s funding squeeze would produce a crisis by 2013-14, which will force history departments to close, Bill Luckin, research professor in urban history at Bolton University, told a conference on the future of the history of medicine in London.

The conference, organised by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London, had been planned before the …
Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the responses to and recognition of hypoglycemia in humans. A comparison with insulin.
Authors: D Kerr, W V Tamborlane, F Rife, R S Sherwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) lowers blood glucose in humans but its effect on counterregulatory responses has not been established. We therefore compared infusions of rhIGF-1 (0.7 micrograms/kg per min) and insulin (0.8 mU/kg.min) for 120 min in 10 healthy volunteers (glucose allowed to fall freely). With both, glucose fell rapidly because of stimulation of glucose uptake and suppression of hepatic glucose production. Despite similar plasma glucose nadirs (2.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.1 mM), the glucagon response was absent (P < 0.005), growth hormone release was attenuated (P < 0.03), and norepinephrine levels were increased (P < 0.05) by rhIGF-1 compared with insulin. Absent glucagon responses were associated with a blunting of the rebound increase in glucose production (P < 0.05 vs. insulin). After stopping the infusions, glucose recovery was delayed with rhIGF-1 (P < 0.001 vs. insulin). To further evaluate the effects of rhIGF-1 during a standard hypoglycemic stimulus, eight additional healthy subjects received rhIGF-1 or insulin while glucose was clamped at 2.8 mM. Again the rise in glucagon during insulin-induced hypoglycemia was totally abolished by rhIGF-1. Growth hormone responses were delayed, whereas increases in norepinephrine, heart rate, and symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia were greater with rhIGF-1 compared with insulin (P < 0.05). It was concluded that rhIGF-1 suppression of glucagon release during hypoglycemia impairs glucose recovery. Paradoxically, awareness of hypoglycemia is enhanced with rhIGF-1 in part due to stimulation of the sympathetic activity.
Zinc sulphate and alopecia totalis
Authors: S. Jablonska, F. Wolowa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Zinc sulphate and alopecia totalis Get access S. Jablonska, S. Jablonska Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Koszykowa, 02‐008 Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Wolowa F. Wolowa Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Koszykowa, 02‐008 Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue 4, 1 October 1981, Page 485, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00788.x Published: 01 October 1981
Influence of particle size and reactive oxygen species on cobalt chrome nanoparticle-mediated genotoxicity
Authors: Vijay Krishna Raghunathan, Michael Devey, Sue Hawkins, Lauren Hails, Sean A. Davis, Stephen Mann, Isaac T. Chang, Eileen Ingham, Ashraf Malhas, David J. Vaux, Jon D. Lane, Charles P. Case
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Mental Health and the Family
Authors: John P. Spiegel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

ON a superficial appraisal, the United States appears to be an extremely family-minded nation. Americans tend to become sentimental and even misty-eyed whenever the topic of the family or motherhood comes up. Mass mediums of communication — the motion pictures, television, press and magazines — are heavily loaded with family content, especially with advice to families. One can find advice to mothers and fathers, to husbands and wives, to prospective suitors and even to children on how to handle their parents. Much of this advice is contradictory, and the ultimate effect often confusing. What it does show is that, although . . .
Improved survival in severe paraquat poisoning with repeated pulse therapy of cyclophosphamide and steroids
Authors: Ja-Liang Lin, Dan-Tzu Lin-Tan, Kuan-Hsing Chen, Wen-Hung Huang, Ching-Wei Hsu, Hsiang-Hao Hsu, Tzung-Hai Yen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
The skin in severe combined immunodeficiency: a case with transient cutaneous presence of γ/δ(TRC1+) T cells
Authors: J.H. SILLEVIS SMITT, R.S. WEENING, S.R. KRIEG, J.D. BOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Summary We report the case of a boy with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and serious skin problems. The level of purine 5′-nucleotidase was greatly reduced in the lymphocytes of this patient. To our knowledge, no patients with SCID and this enzyme deficiency have been described previously. The relationship between reduced levels of this enzyme and the immunodeficiency is unclear. This case is also unusual because of the presence of large numbers of T lymphocytes expressing TCR1 (γ/δ) in the skin. Moreover, the presence of so many TCR1-positive cells was not consistent with the low numbers of these cells in the peripheral blood. These cells were not present in skin biopsies taken at a later stage during the course of the disease. An oligoclonal lymphocytosis developed during follow-up, and a monoclonal antibody reactive with these clones was found, indicating that these lymphocytes were present in the skin. This case report illustrates the benefit of the use of monoclonal antibodies in identifying the cells involved in the cutaneous inflammation in SCID, in order to gain a better insight into the characteristics of these cells.
ASSESSMENT OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL STRAIN IN RELATION TO INFARCT SIZE AND LOCATION USING FEATURE TRACKING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Nabil A. Shafi, Kathleen Bertmann, Andrew Yoon, Rena Toole, Simcha Pollack, Nathaniel Reichek, Madhavi Kadiyala
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
High altitude-induced pulmonary oedema
Authors: M MAGGIORINI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Almost one mountain trekker or climber out of two develops several symptoms of high altitude illness after a rapid ascent (> 300 m/day) to an altitude above 4000 m. Individual susceptibility is the most important determinant for the occurrence of high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). Symptoms associated with HAPE are incapacitating fatigue, chest tightness, dyspnoea at the slightest effort, orthopnoea, and cough with due to haemoptysis in an advanced stage of the disease pink frothy sputum. The hallmark of HAPE is an excessively elevated pulmonary artery pressure (mean pressures of 35 and 55 mm Hg), which precedes the development of pulmonary oedema. Elevated pulmonary capillary pressure and protein- as well as red blood cell-rich oedema fluid without signs of inflammation in its early stage are characteristic findings. Furthermore, decreased fluid clearance from the alveoli may contribute to this non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Immediate descent or supplemental oxygen and nifedipine are recommended until descent is possible. Susceptible individuals can prevent HAPE by slow ascent: an average gain of altitude not exceeding 400 m/day above an altitude of 2500 m. If progressive high altitude acclimatization is not possible, a prophylaxis with nifedipine should be recommended.
Epigenetic Targeting of Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Yinu Wang, Horacio Cardenas, Fang Fang, Salvatore Condello, Pietro Taverna, Matthew Segar, Yunlong Liu, Kenneth P. Nephew, Daniela Matei
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Emerging results indicate that cancer stem-like cells contribute to chemoresistance and poor clinical outcomes in many cancers, including ovarian cancer. As epigenetic regulators play a major role in the control of normal stem cell differentiation, epigenetics may offer a useful arena to develop strategies to target cancer stem-like cells. Epigenetic aberrations, especially DNA methylation, silence tumor-suppressor and differentiation-associated genes that regulate the survival of ovarian cancer stem-like cells (OCSC). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that DNA-hypomethylating agents may be able to reset OCSC toward a differentiated phenotype by evaluating the effects of the new DNA methytransferase inhibitor SGI-110 on OCSC phenotype, as defined by expression of the cancer stem-like marker aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). We demonstrated that ALDH(+) ovarian cancer cells possess multiple stem cell characteristics, were highly chemoresistant, and were enriched in xenografts residual after platinum therapy. Low-dose SGI-110 reduced the stem-like properties of ALDH(+) cells, including their tumor-initiating capacity, resensitized these OCSCs to platinum, and induced reexpression of differentiation-associated genes. Maintenance treatment with SGI-110 after carboplatin inhibited OCSC growth, causing global tumor hypomethylation and decreased tumor progression. Our work offers preclinical evidence that epigenome-targeting strategies have the potential to delay tumor progression by reprogramming residual cancer stem-like cells. Furthermore, the results suggest that SGI-110 might be administered in combination with platinum to prevent the development of recurrent and chemoresistant ovarian cancer.
A corticosteroid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an antihistamine modulate in vivo vascular reactions before and during post-occlusive hyperaemia
Authors: P.H. ANDERSEN, P.W. BROICHMANN, H. MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia is the temporary increase of blood flow in a tissue following transient vascular obstruction, and has recently been proposed as an in vivo method for ranking topical corticosteroid potency. We investigated in vivo vascular reactions before and during post-occlusive hyperaemia using laser-Doppler flowmetry and reflectance spectroscopy (RS). RS enables resolution of in vivo erythema into deoxygenated (venous) [DOH] and oxygenated (arterial) haemoglobin (OH) components (expressed in arbitrary units, AU). Using a randomized 24-h occlusive exposure in 10 healthy volunteers the effects of a corticosteroid (betamethasone-17-valerate), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) [indomethacin], an antihistamine (diphenhydramine), or vehicle, were studied before and during post-occlusive hyperaemia. The 24-h vehicle exposure decreased total haemoglobin (composed of a small increase in OH [P < 0.001] and a greater decrease in DOH [P < 0.005], [OH, 0.23 +/- 0.18 AU; DOH, 0.28 +/- 0.12 AU]). The blood flow increased 7.1% to 28 +/- 8 AU (P > 0.05). Betamethasone-17-valerate exposure decreased total haemoglobin further (OH, 0.10 +/- 0.09 AU [P < 0.005]; DOH, 0.18 +/- 0.08 AU [P < 0.05]), which corresponded to a 15% blood flow decrease (P < 0.05). Indomethacin reduced OH to 0.18 +/- 0.12 AU (P < 0.02) and increased DOH slightly, with a trend towards decreased blood flow (P > 0.05). Diphenhydramine caused no significant changes in RS or laser-Doppler flowmetry readings before post-occlusive hyperaemia. Post-occlusive hyperaemia increased total haemoglobin maximally at the first observation time (OH, 0.63 +/- 0.13 AU; DOH, 0.31 +/- 0.11 AU [P < 0.001]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
German cancer specialist cleared of fraud allegations
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In the aftermath of a serious fraud scandal in German medical science, one of the main protagonists, former cancer specialist Friedhelm Herrmann from Ulm University, is to be allowed to keep his professorship and must not publicly be called a forger.

Last week, the district attorney of Berlin and Professor Herrmann's lawyer reached an agreement that the case …
The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Doctor
Authors: Harry F. Dowling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN a movie filmed during World War II, the family of the patient after several telephone calls located a doctor who appeared to be in his late seventies. Laboriously, he climbed the stairs to the patient's room, greeted the patient, set his bag on the bedside table and fished from it a bottle from which he poured a couple of tablets into his hand. Then he swallowed the tablets! The laughter of the audience was a recognition that this was so unusual as to be ridiculous. For the doctor is not usually the recipient of drugs; he is the middleman. . . .
Haematological and biochemical observations during a 750 mile relay.
Authors: C R Nyman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

During a marathon relay from John O'Groats to Lands End (JOGLE) various blood and urine parameters were measured in the runners. Samples of blood and urine were taken from each runner immediately prior to the event and on two occasions during it. Subsequently a three point plot was made for each parameter measured. No special diet was taken. Food and liquid refreshment was provided during the run, the first two days of which came from the organisers. The total distance covered was 870 miles and the time taken one hundred hours and thirty-two minutes. Although the results do not approach statistical significance a trend has been shown suggesting that even with the modern running shoe injury may still occur.
Introduction to a Discussion on Intra-Uterine Death: its Pathology and Preventive Treatment
Authors: None Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1888)

THn topicwMhichi has been proposed for discussion to-day has re- cently been expounded with great ability and fulness of illustra- tion by Dr. Priestley.When I remind you that Dr. Priestley tells us he found it impossible to treat The Pathology of Intra-uterine Death exhaustively in the Lumleian Lectures, you will see that I must not attempt to do more than outline the subject now, by way of indicating the points on which we may hope to gain in- formation from the wisdom and experience of the obstetricians here assembled.P'ATHOLOGY.Let:me group the causes of intra-uterine death under the three rubrics of, 1, Foetal; 2, Maternal; 3, Placental.I do not overlook the well-known circumstance that conditions of disease or debility on the part of the male parent are often the obvious source of the pregnancy disaster.But the paternal influience, as a rule, produces its mischievous effect by the development of morbid pro- cesses in the fetus, in its mother, or in the placenta which forms the channel of communication between the two.1. Fwtal Causes of Intra-Uterine Death.-Asregards the causes
Refractive Errors and Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen-Wei Pan, M. Kamran Ikram, Carol Y. Cheung, Hyung-Won Choi, Chiu-Ming Gemmy Cheung, Jost B. Jonas, Seang-Mei Saw, Tien-Yin Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)