tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Resting and Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Young IDDM Men
Authors: David E Laaksonen, Mustafa Atalay, Leo Niskanen, Matti Uusitupa, Osmo Hänninen, Chandan K Sen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of acute physical exercise on oxidative stress and glutathione redox status and the relation to physical fitness in otherwise healthy young men with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine men with IDDM (HbA1c 7.3 ± 1.7%), ages 21–30 years, and 13 matched control subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer for 40 min at 60% of their maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Oxidative stress was assessed with plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels (an index of lipid peroxidation) and, in response to exercise, also glutathione redox status. For glutathione redox status, blood total glutathione (TGSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were determined. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and after exercise. RESULTS Resting plasma TBARS levels were markedly elevated in diabetic patients (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4 μumol/l; P = 0.0002). Mean blood TGSH was higher in diabetic subjects (1,203 ± 221 vs. 936 ± 156 mmol/l; P = 0.002), with no significant difference in GSSG or GSSG/TGSH values. Exercise increased plasma TBARS and blood GSSG by ∼50% in both groups. Resting plasma TBARS had a strong inverse correlation (r = −0.82; P = 0.006), and the exercise-induced percentage increase in TBARS had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.81, P = 0.008) with VO2max in diabetic subjects only. CONCLUSIONS Glutathione redox status appears to be adequate in healthy young moderately active diabetic men. On the other hand, they demonstrated increased resting and postexercise oxidative stress as indicated by plasma TBARS. Although exercise acutely induces oxidative stress, in patients with diabetes, physical fitness may have a protective effect against oxidative stress.
Reproductive Health Hazards in the Workplace
Authors: Harold J. Magnuson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

On June 27, 1990, the US Supreme Court announced that a decision will be made at its next session as to whether federal laws prohibiting sex discrimination in employment prevent companies from barring women of childbearing age from some hazardous jobs. This announcement points to but one of the issues in a complex subject of interest to obstetricians, pediatricians, urologists, and occupational medicine specialists. This book, a hard copy reprint of the report prepared by the Science Information Resource Center in response to a congressional request, is an excellent background document. It attempts to catalog all types of environmental hazards—chemical, physical, and biological—that are thought to have deleterious effects on the human reproductive cycle measured from preconception to adulthood. Also included are reviews of the human reproductive process and child development, methods for control of hazards, and related economic, ethical, and legal problems. Options for congressional legislative remedies are suggested.
Paracetamol-induced hepatic failure.
Authors: N Wright, S H Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

there is no standard doctor.Might not reluctance to discuss the problem represent an understandable failing in the physician co come to terms with the illness ?In our experience there is no substitute for the truth when communicating in medicine and it should very rarely be necessary to tell lies to patients.What is required is the ability to explain the nature of the problem clearly and sympathetically in terms that the patient and the relatives can understand and accept.A series of interviews is necessary and it is particularly helpful when husband and wife (or a close relative) can share in some of the discussion.We all know of the pain and suffering caused by acute leukaemia and these can extend far beyond the patient to affect relatives, loved ones, doctors, nurses, medical students, and anyone with whom the patient has contact.When communication has been successful the mututal atmosphere of fear, suspicion, and mistrust which ignorance produces can be dispelled and everyone concerned can con- centrate on looking after the patient.
Letter: B-lymphocytes as target cells for E.B. virus transformation.
Authors: F Mizuno, T Aya, T Osato
Journal: BMJ (1974)

were found in one family and one more (in a girl of 15) in the other family.The parents did not consider there was anything wrong with the child, but both the girls complained of low backache and vague limb pains for which they had been taking aspirin tablets.Serum calcium and phosphate levels were within the normal range but all had markedly raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels.Rickets during rapid pubertal growth has al,o been freauently reDortedl 2 in Asian immigrants, especially in young girls.In ad- dition to the language problems the custo- mary seclusion of young girls in Pakistani families put them at additional risk of missed diagnosis till the appearance of deformities of the legs and pelvis or perhaps even later.A case, I think, therefore exists for the routine screening of young immigrant girls for rickets before leaving school and also for the screening of other children in the family when a case of rickets is found.There may be a genetic predisposition to rickets.
Statistical Evaluation of Medical Journal Manuscripts
Authors: Stanley Schor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Contributors of scientific communications to medical journals are responsible for the research designs of their studies, the applicability of the statistical tests used, and the validity of the conclusions drawn. This is the policy of many editorial boards. The contributors in many cases have had very little, if any, training in research methods. Some, before the investigation is begun, seek the advice of statisticians whose specialty is designing experiments so that valid conclusions may be drawn. In other instances the statistician is involved in each stage of the study. In most instances, however, research projects have not had the benefit of sound statistical advice. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of this lack of statistical planning and evaluation and to present a program that may be of some help in correcting the deficiency. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> From a list of 67 most frequently read medical journals,
Some Addenda on the Role of Today's Autopsy
Authors: Victor Knapp
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Extension of the postmortem exercise to include an answer to two questions would add inestimable value to it. "Could we have changed the outcome?" and "Which diagnostic investigations were helpful?" There is an urgent need for a critical review of treatment at autopsy conferences, for then it has an immediacy lacking at other times. We treated the patient to no avail; Why? We are all aware that in many instances the patient comes to us at a time when his disease has reached an irreversible stage. When we recognize this we must decide which measures to use to assure comfort, and to learn by experience which have not contributed to effective treatment. When we find that alleviation or cure was possible, and we failed, we may discover the reasons by a thorough review of the treatment employed. It is not too much to expect that sound judgment
Induced Hypercholesterolemia and Atherogenesis
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, HELEN B. BROWN
Journal: Circulation (1952)

An attempt has been made to elicit atherosclerosis in rats by duplicating as far as possible those conditions which in other animals are atherogenic. By making the rats hypothyroid and feeding cholic acid and cholesterol, severe hypercholesterolemia and abnormal beta-lipoproteins appeared along with heavy lipid infiltration of the kidneys, liver, heart and aorta. Aortic and coronary atherosclerosis might have been expected in rats exposed to so much atherogenic material in the blood, but it was not found. Despite lipid infiltration in the intima of the vessels, no appreciable tissue reaction to it occurred; we believe the lack of tissue response is one of the chief causes for the failure of atherosclerosis to develop. Thus tissue response and receptivity to lipid deposition seem to be important mechanisms in atherogenesis.
Electron Microscopy of Urinary Sediment in Fabry's Disease
Authors: Irene Stachura
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Authors of the CLINICAL NOTE "Urinary Ultrastructural Findings in Fabry Disease" (237:1121, 1977), Sheila M. Katz, MD, and Patricia J. Lyons, MD, concluded that electron microscopic examination of the urine may be useful in the diagnosis of Fabry's disease with renal involvement. In 1970 Duncan<sup>1</sup>reported three cases of Fabry's disease studied by electron microscopy. In two of his cases urinary sediment showed the presence of laminated, round osmiophilic bodies, similar to those found in renal foam cells. Duncan suggested that electron microscopic studies of urine for osmiophilic bodies may be of use as an indication of glomerular recovery in a follow-up of treated patients. Recently electron microscopic studies of gingival mucosa have also been used in the diagnosis of Fabry's disease. Osmiophilic bodies were found in endothelial, perithelial, fibroblastic, phagocytic, and epithelial cells of gingival mucosa of affected persons.<sup>2</sup> Early diagnosis of this interesting
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia—An Accumulative Disorder of Immunologically Incompetent Lymphocytes.
Authors: William Dameshek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia—An Accumulative Disorder of Immunologically Incompetent Lymphocytes.William Dameshek, M.D., F.A.C.P.William Dameshek, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1040_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be classified as one of the immunoproliferative disorders; these are self-perpetuating growth abnormalities of one of the cells of the immunocyte complex. The normal lymphocyte, which may be termed the "central" immunocyte, transforms or dedifferentiates in response to antigenic materials in vivo and to phytohemagglutinin and specific antigens in vitro. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, this transformation capacity is either lost or greatly reduced, and in addition, ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid production are severely limited. Other indications of abnormality are found by cytochemical studies (periodic acid-Schiff, beta-glucuronidase). It may be said that the lymphocytes of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRole of splenectomy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia11Presented at the 48th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Boston, MA, March 21–24, 1995. 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1040-1041KeywordsAntigensCellsChronic lymphocytic leukemiaLymphocytesPeriodic acid SchiffPhytohemagglutininsRNA Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Maximizing Foot Salvage by a Combined Approach to Foot Ischemia and Neuropathic Ulceration in Patients With Diabetes: A 5-year experience
Authors: Barry I Rosenblum, Frank B Pomposelli, John M Giurini, Gary W Gibbons, Dorothy V Freeman, James S Chrzan, David R Campbell, Geoffrey M Habershaw, Frank W LoGerfo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE The combination of peripheral neuropathy and arterial insufficiency in patients with diabetes frequently results in chronic non-healing foot ulcers. These patients often have a protracted course that commonly ends in limb amputation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Since 1987, 39 diabetic patients presented with 42 neuropathic ulcerations beneath the lesser metatarsal heads, complicated by severe arterial insufficiency. A variety of vascular reconstructions were performed to improve circulation to the foot. After successful vascular reconstruction, 14 patients with deep ulcers underwent resection of the involved bone or joint through a plantar elliptical incision with excision of the ulcer and primary closure (33%). Five patients required a simultaneous panmetatarsal head resection (12%). For fifteen superficial ulcers, metatarsal osteotomy through a dorsal approach was performed (36%). Eight patients underwent a fifth metatarsal head resection through a dorsal approach (19%). RESULTS In follow-up of 2–64 months (mean 21.2 months), 35 extremities with patent bypass grafts achieved and maintained primary healing of their local foot procedure (83%). Two feet required subsequent revision but ultimately healed (5%). Three feet (7%) developed a new plantar ulceration adjacent to the original one. In two extremities, the foot remained healed in spite of thrombosis of their grafts (5%). One patient with a thrombosed graft required a below-knee amputation. One patient died before the foot healed with a patent bypass graft. Overall, 40 of 42 extremities (95%) ultimately healed over the course of the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that complex neuropathic ulcers in diabetic patients can be successfully treated by an aggressive surgical approach that removes infected bone and ulcers and corrects underlying structural abnormalities provided arterial insufficiency is corrected first.
Congenital Kinking of the Aorta (Pseudocoarctation)
Authors: John F. Griffin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

KINKING of the descending arch of the aorta is a condition that may cause serious difficulty in the interpretation of the routine posteroanterior chest film and lead to unnecessary exploratory thoracotomy when not recognized. This congenital anomaly may also present the clinician with a sufficient number of physical findings to suggest the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta.Although it is considered to be a rare malformation, the frequency with which it has been reported during the past decade warrants wider appreciation of its occurrence. Once the diagnosis is suspected it becomes relatively simple to establish its presence and clarify . . .
Hypertension: Physiopathology and Treatment
Authors: Donald J. Breslin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This outstanding book appears in a second edition six years after the appearance of<i>Hypertension: Physiopathology and Treatment</i>in 1977, edited by Jacques Genest and associates. In their preface, the authors point out the necessity for updating the first edition of the book, particularly because of advances in the measurement of human plasma renin and catecholamines, improved understanding of the roles of dopamine, of renal prostaglandins and the kallikrein system, and increased awareness of the importance of defective permeability to sodium in the cellular membrane in hypertension. In the area of drug therapy they pay particular attention to the development of oral converting enzyme inhibitors. The imposing list of 135 authors is international in scope and includes a large number of names that are familiar to all who have an interest in hypertension because of their leadership both in basic research and in the clinical aspects of the subject. Happily,
NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF DUPLEX ULTRASOUND GUIDED CANNULATION OF COMPLETE FLUSH OCCLUSION OF SFA AND BYPASS GRAFT
Authors: Nelson L. Bernardo, Gabriel Maluenda, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Sara D. Collins, Vishal Gupta, Marie A. Bilyeu, Raswork G. Gebremeskel, Stephen A. Boyd, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Thoracic Scintigraphy in Aluminosis
Authors: Hidayath Ali Ansari, Ghada Al-Bahrani, Mamta Vishwanath, Mary Prescott, Jackie James
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Unusual appearances on a bone scan are demonstrated in a 60-year-old retired man who presented with several months' history of generalized weakness, fatigue, backache, and weight loss. He had worked as a welder for 30 years. Medical history included rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. On clinical examination, he was mildly breathless; however, the rest of the systemic examination was unremarkable. Laboratory investigations revealed mildly elevated serum ferritin and liver transaminases. Computed tomography showed widespread emphysema, apical pulmonary fibrosis, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. In view of the persistent backache, and computed tomography findings of adenopathy, a bone scan was performed to rule out underlying bony metastatic disease. Bone scan revealed multiple focal areas of uptake within the joints consistent with rheumatoid arthritis. Focal areas of uptake on the bone scan were also seen in the mid thorax anterior to the spine. This was subsequently confirmed to be within the mediastinal nodes on localization by single slice SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography)/Hawkeye GE Millennium VG. Mediastinoscopy and biopsy revealed aluminum particles in the mediastinal lymph nodes.
50 Differential procarcinogenic potential of lymphocyte subsets in immune pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Y NAKAMOTO, T SUDA, S KANEKO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor (KLF6) gene encodes a family of proteins generated through alternative splicing involved in the regulation of cancer development and progression. Alternative splicing of the KLF6 gene results in the production of at least four alternatively spliced isoforms, two of which are extensively discussed in this review. The full length form of the KLF6 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated by loss of heterozygozity (LOH), somatic mutation, and/or decreased expression in human cancer. While the exact mechanisms underlying KLF6's tumor suppressor roles are not completely known, a number of highly relevant, overlapping pathways have been described: transactivation of p21 in a p53-independent manner, reduction of cyclin D1/cdk4 complexes via interaction with cyclin D1, inhibition of c-Jun proto-oncoprotein activities, decreased VEGF expression, and induction of apoptosis. Kruppel-like factor 6 splice variant 1 (KLF6-SV1) is an oncogenic splice variant of the KLF6 tumor suppressor gene that is specifically overexpressed in a number of human cancers. Increased KLF6-SV1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in prostate, lung, and ovarian cancer. Furthermore, KLF6-SV1 has been shown to be biologically active, antagonizing the tumor suppressor function of KLF6 and promoting tumor growth and dissemination in both ovarian and prostate cancer models. In addition, a common germline polymorphism in the KLF6 gene associated with increased prostate cancer risk in a large multi-institutional study of 3411 men results in increased expression of KLF6-SV1. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that targeted reduction of KLF6-SV1 results in the induction of spontaneous apoptosis in cell culture, synergizes with chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin, and results in significant tumor regression in vivo. Combined, these data make the KLF6 gene family a compelling therapeutic target for both the treatment of localized as well as metastatic cancer.
Detection of Etoposide Resistance by Measuring DNA Damage in Individual Chinese Hamster Cells
Authors: P. L. Olive, J. P. Banath, R. E. Durand
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

The comet assay, which measures DNA strand breakage in individual cells, was used to examine the relation between DNA damage, cell survival, and resistance to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide (VP-16). Chinese hamster V79–171b) cells and a VP-16-resistant subline (VP) were exposed to VP-16 as monolayers or spheroids. The comet assay was comparable in sensitivity to the DNA precipitation and alkali unwinding assays for detecting DNA strand breaks induced by VP-16. However, unlike conventional DNA damage assays, the comet assay also indicated heterogeneity in cell response. For V79 multicell spheroids exposed to VP-16, the external cycling cells were 50 times more sensitive to killing and DNA damage than the internal noncycling cells; the comet assay indicated the fraction of cells resistant to the drug. VP cells, which were 10 times more resistant to killing and DNA damage by VP-16 than the parent cell line, could also be identified in mixed populations with the use of this method. These results suggest that the comet assay could be useful in predicting tumor cell response to DNA- damaging agents. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 779–783, 1990]
SCAB FORMATION IN THE NOSE ITS ETIOLOGY AND PREVENTION
Authors: W. PEYRE PORCHER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

"When all is said and done the local therapeutics [of atrophic rhinitis] seems to reduce itself to a thorough cleansing of the nasal mucous membrane, and the use of any simple application is as effective as anything. The severer remedies do not seem to have any material advantages over the milder ones. I am afraid that we have no specific, but I hope that one may be found and that the future will not, as in the past, show more failures than success." These words form the closing lines of an article by Dr. George L. Richards, and about express the prevailing opinion held by rhinologists in regard to the treatment and cure of atrophic rhinitis, or true catarrh; that is, the formation of large collections of hardened mucus in the nose. The atrophic process in my opinion may be more truly regarded as a result rather than a cause
Nearly Total Absence of Pulmonary Perfusion with Corresponding Technetium-99m MDP and Gallium-67 Uptake in a Patient with Mediastinal Neuroblastoma
Authors: I GARTY, A KOREN, G MOGUILNER, M DHARAN, L SIPLOVITCH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A case of unilateral nearly total hypoperfusion of the left lung in a 13-month-old girl is presented. The combination of the lung hypoperfusion and accumulation of the Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in the same area suggested the preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal neuroblastoma. Explorative thoracotomy revealed the presence of a neuroblastoma compressing the left lung pedicle. The described scintigraphic appearance in the pediatrlc age group is suggested as typical of mediastinal neuroblastoma. This pathology should be included in the following gamuts in nuclear medicine: 1) unilateral decrease or absent lung perfusion, 2) unilateral diffuse chest uptake of Ga-67 citrate, and 3) unilateral pulmonary uptake in bone scintigraphy.
The American General Hospital: Communities and Social Contexts
Authors: Norman L. Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This book consists of essays by ten authors on historical aspects of the American hospital, selected from a 1984 conference held under the auspices of the Philadelphia College of Physicians on the subject "Hospitals and Communities." The participants hold positions in university departments of history. Three physician contributors hold dual appointments in medicine and history, and another contributor is director of a women's studies program at a major women's college. Through research the authors hope to assist our understanding of such problems as rising costs and the troublesome links between the hospital and its internal and external communities. The social context of hospital origins in the 1870s and its evolution are explored. The first of the book's two parts focuses on the period from 1870 to about 1920. Part II deals with matters concerning doctors, nurses, administrators, and the labor force and how these groups have transformed the modern hospital.