tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of body position, PEEP and intra-abdominal pressure on the catheter positioning for neurally adjusted ventilatory assist
Authors: Jürgen Barwing, Cristina Pedroni, Michael Quintel, Onnen Moerer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) relies on the patient's electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) for actuating the ventilator. Thus a reliable positioning of the oesophageal EAdi catheter is mandatory. We aimed to evaluate the effects of body position (BP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on catheter positioning.Twenty-one patients were enrolled in this study. In six different situations [supine or 45° head of bed elevation (HBE) at PEEP 5 and 15 cmH(2)O; left lateral anti-decubitus at PEEP 5 cmH(2)O; supine at PEEP 5 cmH(2)O with abdominal surgical belt (ASB)] the catheter position was evaluated for the stability of the EAdi signal and information provided by a catheter positioning tool (highlighted electrical activity in central leads, absence of p waves in the distal lead).With an optimal catheter position EAdi signals were stable for all tested situations. During "45° PEEP 15" and "supine PEEP 15" absence of p waves in the distal lead revealed a difference compared with "supine PEEP 5" (p = 0.03), suggesting a caudal shift of the diaphragm relative to the oesophagus. The analysis of the highlighted electrical activity in the central leads supports this finding, revealing an influence of PEEP, BP and IAP on EAdi catheter position (p < 0.01).PEEP, BP and IAP may affect the EAdi catheter position, although not compromising a stable signal. Additional information as provided by the catheter positioning tool is needed to ensure an optimal EAdi catheter position.
Number of patients receiving angioplasty is rising, heart attack audit shows
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government and the drug industry this week reached an outline agreement on a new contract for drug prices in the United Kingdom over the next five years.It is expected that the deal will cut the annual £9bn (€11bn; $18bn) drug bill in the UK's health services by 5% by 2009.The announcement follows a year of intense and tough negotiations after the Department of Health said it was unilaterally cancelling the current pharmaceutical price regulation scheme (PPRS) halfway through its planned duration (BMJ 2007;335:273).The PPRS, which normally runs for five years, allows companies to set drug prices freely but caps their overall profits.The current scheme began in 2005, with a 7% price cut, and was supposed to end in 2010.Under pressure to cut costs at a time when the growth in the NHS budget is slowing, the government sought a fresh reduction of 10%, arguing that drug prices in Britain were among the highest in Europe.Partly aided by changing exchange rates, the industry claimed instead that British prices were nearer to the European average.It also expressed concerns that the government risked undermining the UK's historical attractiveness for research and development investment by creating instability through reneging on the PPRS deal.The new contract entails a price freeze until the end of this year and then a minimum price cut of 2% in patented drugs at the start of 2009.There will also be bigger reductions in the price of branded drugs no longer on patent, providing an overall reduction of 5%.Further price cuts are possible in future years if the drug bill increases by more than 6.7% annually.In line with recommendations last year from the Office of Fair Trading (BMJ 2007;334:383), the government plans to ensure that prices paid for new drugs more closely reflect the value that they offer.Andrew Jack is the pharmaceuticals correspondent for the Financial Times. Government and industry reach pricing deal to cut drugs bill
Galectin-9 controls the therapeutic activity of 4-1BB–targeting antibodies
Authors: Shravan Madireddi, So-Young Eun, Seung-Woo Lee, Ivana Nemčovičová, Amit Kumar Mehta, Dirk M. Zajonc, Nozomu Nishi, Toshiro Niki, Mitsuomi Hirashima, Michael Croft
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Biologics to TNF family receptors are prime candidates for therapy of immune disease. Whereas recent studies have highlighted a requirement for Fcγ receptors in enabling the activity of CD40, TRAILR, and GITR when engaged by antibodies, other TNFR molecules may be controlled by additional mechanisms. Antibodies to 4-1BB (CD137) are currently in clinical trials and can both augment immunity in cancer and promote regulatory T cells that inhibit autoimmune disease. We found that the action of agonist anti-4-1BB in suppressing autoimmune and allergic inflammation was completely dependent on Galectin-9 (Gal-9). Gal-9 directly bound to 4-1BB, in a site distinct from the binding site of antibodies and the natural ligand of 4-1BB, and Gal-9 facilitated 4-1BB aggregation, signaling, and functional activity in T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Conservation of the Gal-9 interaction in humans has important implications for effective clinical targeting of 4-1BB and possibly other TNFR superfamily molecules.
How apoptosis is regulated, and what goes wrong in cancer
Authors: J. Sjostrom
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> A new betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a new threat to global health and economy. A promising target for both diagnosis and therapeutics treatments of the new disease named COVID-19 is the coronavirus (CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein. By constant-pH Monte Carlo simulations and the PROCEEDpKa method, we have mapped the electrostatic epitopes for four monoclonal antibodies and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on both SARS-CoV-1 and the new SARS-CoV-2 S receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins. We also calculated free energy of interactions and shown that the S RBD proteins from both SARS viruses binds to ACE2 with similar affinities. However, the affinity between the S RBD protein from the new SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 is higher than for any studied antibody previously found complexed with SARS-CoV-1. Based on physical chemical analysis and free energies estimates, we can shed some light on the involved molecular recognition processes, their clinical aspects, the implications for drug developments, and suggest structural modifications on the CR3022 antibody that would improve its binding affinities for SARS-CoV-2 and contribute to address the ongoing international health crisis.
TCT-184 Late Adverse Events After Implantation of Sirolimus-eluting Stent and Bare-metal Stent: 4-7 years follow-up of the CREDO-Kyoto Registry Cohort-2
Authors: Masahiro Natsuaki, Takeshi Morimoto, Yutaka Furukawa, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Kazushige Kadota, Masashi Iwabuchi, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Management of severe chest pain caused by a Bravo pH monitoring capsule
Authors: A. Fischer, P. Baier, S. Utzolino, U. Hopt, H. Schrag
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Continuous ambulatory pH-metry with the Bravo "catheter-free" monitoring system (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA) is becoming more and more popular [1] [2] [3]. As experience with this technique has grown, it has become evident that up to 50 % of patients report mild chest pain [2] [3] [4] or even severe chest pain requiring endoscopic removal of the capsule [3] [5]. We have also had three patients with insupportably severe chest pain that occurred 2 – 3 hours after placement of a Bravo capsule. Because treatment with analgesics was ineffective we decided to remove the first capsule after 2 days. The pain ceased promptly. On the basis of our experience with this patient, we removed the capsules immediately after completion of 24 hours of recording in the other two patients.
Triggering of thyroid hormone autoantibodies
Authors: S. Benvenga, F. Trimarchi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

The case report by Dr Chan and colleagues (October 2002, JRSM1) reminds us of a similar case we described twenty years ago2. Although Chan et al. did not demonstrate formally the nature of the circulating substance that caused the inter-assay discrepancy in free thyroxin (T4) measurement, it is very likely to have been autoantibody to T4, not cross-reacting with T3.

The case is of particular interest to us because of the underlying non-thyroid disease and the transience of the antibodies, which Chan et al. relate to short-term treatment with interferon-alpha. Their patient was being treated for a haematological malignancy (chronic myelogenous leukaemia). So was ours (Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia), in whom we demonstrated circulating thyroid hormone autoantibodies of both IgM and IgG classes which preferentially bound T42. Thyroid assays were discrepant, and, to add to the similarity, our patient was hypothyroid (thyroid stimulating hormone 40 mU/L, antithyroglobulin negative). This patient had been treated with prednisone and an alkylating drug (cyclophosphamide) which we now know can transiently disturb thyroid hormone metabolism3. Because the patient died, we cannot know whether the thyroid hormone binding autoantibodies would have been transient or permanent.

In light of our recent work in this field4,5,6,7,8, we believe that there is a common triggering mechanism between the two patients1,2 Description of this mechanism requires mention that our patient also had circulating autoantibodies against steroid hormones which are transported by the corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)9. Concerning the patient of Chan et al. we think that interferon-alpha caused the same thyroid cytotoxic effects as those caused by cytokines produced by and released from the lymphocytes that infiltrate the thyroid10, resulting ultimately in release of iodinated heterogeneous molecules of thyroglobulin (Tg) with T4 exposed on their external surface. The cytokine effects are reversible, so that the said release of Tg molecules ends when interferon-alpha treatment is stopped. With regard to our patient, alkylating drugs probably caused transient release of T4 from non-thyroid pools, especially from the liver, even when administered in association with corticosteroids3.

We postulate that alkylating drugs might also cause release of other molecules, including the serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) such as the liver-synthesized alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-antichymotrypsin and CBG. SERPINs are acute phase reactants that increase under conditions such as inflammatory or neoplastic processes11 and can bind thyroid hormones12. Perhaps the cyclophosphamide-induced release of a SERPIN with both steroid and thyroid hormone binding capacity, in a patient who was under treatment with corticosteroids, somehow incited appearance of autoantibodies capable of interacting with both steroids and thyroid hormones.
BEST METHODS OF PREPARING DRESSINGS FOR CATARACT CASES AND THEIR CHARACTER AND COMPOSITION.
Authors: CASEY A. WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

I must confess that I feel very much like dissenting from the proposition implied in the title given to this communication, because I am in considerable doubt as to whether there is any<i>best</i>methods of preparing dressings for the average cataract case. My own experience and the results that I know others to have obtained teach me that when the patient has been prepared for operation and when the extraction has been deftly and completely accomplished, when the lips of the corneal wound have been carefully approximated and when no intra-ocular debris rests between the latter, when, in other words, the operation leaves nothing to be desired, the dressing is of little or no importance. In such a case it is of no moment whether the lids be simply closed with a strip or two of isinglass plaster or whether the eye be subjected to the elaborate toilet recommended
A Genealogical Assessment of Heritable Predisposition to Asthma Mortality
Authors: Craig C. Teerlink, Matthew J. Hegewald, Lisa A. Cannon-Albright
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Asthma is a multifactorial disease; genetic factors have been suggested but have not been well defined.Objectives: This study examined evidence for a heritable component to asthma mortality using a unique data resource consisting of Utah death certificates linked to a genealogy of Utah.Methods: Cases were defined as individuals whose death certificate listed asthma as a cause of death in a registry of all Utah deaths since 1904 (n = 1,553). The genealogical index of familiality analysis was used to compare the average relatedness of asthma deaths to the expected relatedness in the Utah population. Relative risks for asthma death in relatives of individuals who died of asthma are provided for close and distant relatives.Measurements and Main Results: The genealogical index of familiality identified a significantly higher average relatedness in cases (P < 0.001), even when close relationships were ignored. In addition, a significantly increased risk of dying of asthma was observed in first-degree relatives of cases (relative risk = 1.69, P < 0.001) and in second-degree relatives of cases (relative risk = 1.34, P = 0.003).Conclusions: These results support a heritable contribution to asthma mortality.
Clinical Value of Labeled Red Blood Cell Scintigraphy in Patients With Difficult to Diagnose Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: JOSEPH A. VAN GEELEN, ELLY M. DE GRAAF, WIM BRONSVELD, ROBBERT O. BOER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A retrospective study was conducted using 36 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding in whom the diagnosis was not directly apparent from first line diagnostic procedures. Final diagnosis was established by surgery, endoscopy, or postmortem examination in 20 patients. Scintigraphic examination with Tc-99m or in-111 labeled red blood cells yielded 24 positive and 18 negative results. Nine out of 13 positive scans (verified by other diagnostic procedures) accurately identified the site of bleeding. This was considered to be a satisfactory result in this group of difficult to diagnose patients. The lowest success rate was observed in patients taking drugs that interfered with coagulation, or in patients prone to diffuse blood loss because of coagulopathy. Late scans did not offer additional information and the use of in-111 for this purpose was not thought to be of benefit. Although the technique is rather noninvasive and simple, its application should be restricted to selected patients and its interpretation related to the results of other investigations.
THE PHYSICS OF A SURGICAL DRESSING: With Special Reference to the Harmful Effect of Using Impermeable Material Over Septic Wounds
Authors: A. Primrose
Journal: BMJ (1916)

MEDICAL JOURNAL, in which he demonstrates by a most complete series of ingenious laboratory experiments a method of securing the drainage of septic wounds received in war.He further gives an account of the practical value of these metlhods as employed in the treatment of men wounded in France during the present war.In hiis last communication,Part III of his lecture on "1 Wound infections and their
Eosinophils from hypereosinophilic patients damage endocardium of isolated feline heart muscle preparations.
Authors: A M Shah, D L Brutsaert, A L Meulemans, L J Andries, M Capron
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Persistent eosinophilia in humans is often associated with endocardial damage to the heart, but a causal relation has not been established. We investigated the effect of eosinophils and eosinophil supernatants obtained from eight hypereosinophilic patients on the contractile performance and endocardial morphology of isolated, electrically stimulated cat papillary muscle preparations (n = 16). All these eosinophil suspensions contained high proportions of "hypodense" or "activated" cells. Eosinophils (5-15 x 10(6) ml organ bath) or eosinophil culture supernatants (prepared by overnight incubation at 37 degrees C) when added to papillary muscles produced acute changes in contractile behavior of these muscles identical to the previously reported effects of selective endocardial damage: a reduction in time to peak isometric twitch tension causing a reduction in peak isometric tension but with no significant reduction in rate of tension development or in maximum unloaded shortening velocity. All of these muscle preparations showed severely damaged endocardium at scanning electron microscopy. Addition of eosinophils from hypereosinophilic patients to muscles with selectively damaged endocardium (by previous transient [1-second] exposure to 1% Triton X-100) produced no further change in contractile performance. No significant change in contractile performance or endocardial morphology of papillary muscles (n = 16) was observed after addition of eosinophils (7.5-10 x 10(6] or neutrophils (8-15 x 10(6] from normal subjects or of cell-free culture medium. Thus, activated human eosinophils produce specific morphological and functional changes suggestive of specific damage to endocardium of isolated feline cardiac muscle.
Health Services Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Scaffold Protein, AHNAK1, Is Required for Calcium Signaling during T Cell Activation
Authors: Didi Matza, Abdallah Badou, Koichi S. Kobayashi, Karen Goldsmith-Pestana, Yutaka Masuda, Akihiko Komuro, Diane McMahon-Pratt, Vincent T. Marchesi, Richard A. Flavell
Journal: Immunity (2008)
False-Positive Test for Protein Using Dipsticks: Contamination With Chlorhexidine Antiseptic
Authors: Bernard Rudensky
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, in our laboratory, we had begun seeing many urine test results that were positive for protein, despite all other values, including urine sediment, being entirely normal. The positive proteins were obtained using the dipstick method, which is based on a pH indicator color change of tetrabromphenol blue, occurring when protein in the urine overcomes the buffering capacity of the system. The sulfosalicylic acid test for protein was negative with these urines, and in the heat test a precipitate was formed that dissolved on cooling. All of these factors led us to search for some possible cause of false-positive proteinuria. Free and Free<sup>1</sup>list several known factors causing false-positive dipstick readings for protein. These were excluded, since we obtained positive results even with acidic urines, and quaternary ammonium salts had not been used as disinfectants in our hospital for many years. The cause became apparent when we
Comparison of the Effects of Vitamins and/or Mineral Supplementation on Glomerular and Tubular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Maryam Sadat Farvid, Mahmoud Jalali, Fereydoun Siassi, Mostafa Hosseini
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

tween the level of UAER (30 mg/g creatinine), suggesting microalbuminuria, and the level of UPER (1-2 g/g creatinine; equal to overt nephropathy).An inconsistent effect of mineral and vitamin supplementation on UAER and UPER was reported, suggesting a chance finding.Furthermore, mean diastolic blood pressure in the minerals and vitamins group before treatment dropped from 94 (Table 1 in Farvid et al.) to 83 (Table 6) mmHg after exclusion of 2 of the 19 patients; this indicates an error in one of the tables, as it would only be possible if the two excluded patients had a mean diastolic blood pressure of 187 mmHg.The technique for blood pressure measurement was not stated.The conditions for the power calculation were not stated, but according to their previous reports, it was powered to detect changes in HDL cholesterol ( 2) and blood pressure (3).It is claimed that the UAER findings are in accordance with the literature .However, pharmacological doses of vitamins C and E had no or minimal effect (19%) on UAER (refs.14,15).In contrast, a 50% reduction in UAER was reported in nine patients, applying pharmacological doses of vitamin C (ref.16).In conclusion, the study was not powered for realistic changes in UAER/ UPER, insufficient methods for valid characterization of UAER/UPER were applied, and
Continuous imaging of regional myocardial blood flow in dogs using krypton-81m
Authors: J. H. TURNER, A. P. SELWYN, T. JONES, T. R. EVANS, M. J. RAPHAEL, J. P. LAVENDER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

The unique physical properties of the freely diffusible gas krypton-81m allowed continuous imaging of regional myocardial blood flow in dogs when infused into the aortic root. Regional changes in myocardial perfusion related to transient coronary artery occlusion were demonstrated both as high resolution gamma camera images and as a quantitative strip chart record.
Cardiotoxicity during Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
Authors: Armand O. Brown, Elizabeth R. C. Millett, Jennifer K. Quint, Carlos J. Orihuela
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis, with adult hospitalization linked to approximately 19% incidence of an adverse cardiac event (e.g., heart failure, arrhythmia, infarction). Herein, we review the specific host-pathogen interactions that contribute to cardiac dysfunction during invasive pneumococcal disease: (1) cell wall-mediated inhibition of cardiomyocyte contractility; (2) the new observation that S. pneumoniae is capable of translocation into the myocardium and within the heart, forming discrete, nonpurulent, microscopic lesions that are filled with pneumococci; and (3) the bacterial virulence determinants, pneumolysin and hydrogen peroxide, that are most likely responsible for cardiomyocyte cell death. Pneumococcal invasion of heart tissue is dependent on the bacterial adhesin choline-binding protein A that binds to laminin receptor on vascular endothelial cells and binding of phosphorylcholine residues on pneumococcal cell wall to platelet-activating factor receptor. These are the same interactions responsible for pneumococcal translocation across the blood-brain barrier during the development of meningitis. We discuss these interactions and how their neutralization, either with antibody or therapeutic agents that modulate platelet-activating factor receptor expression, may confer protection against cardiac damage and meningitis. Considerable collagen deposition was observed in hearts of mice that had recovered from invasive pneumococcal disease. We discuss the possibility that cardiac scar formation after severe pneumococcal infection may explain why individuals who are hospitalized for pneumonia are at greater risk for sudden death up to 1 year after infection.