tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gallium-67 Citrate Localization in Disseminated Sporotrichosis
Authors: ALBERT J. MORENO, JOSELYNN M. BRAZIER, FRANK J. BAKER, BARBARA J. FOX, DAVID L. PITTMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A 25-year-old woman demonstrated Ga-67 citrate accumulation within a facial cutaneous lesion and two subcutaneous nodules within the right lower extremity. Cultures of the facial lesion and one of the subcutaneous nodules grew Sporothrix schenckii. Ga-67 citrate uptake has not been reported previously with this fungal infection. Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy was helpful in defining the extent of the disease, following its course, and determining the response to therapy.
Obesity and Socioeconomic Status -- A Complex Relation
Authors: Albert J. Stunkard, Thorkild I.A. Sorensen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

One of the most striking facts about obesity is the powerful inverse relation between obesity and socioeconomic status in the developed world, especially among women1. What is responsible for this association? There are at least three possibilities: obesity influences socioeconomic status, socioeconomic status influences obesity, or a common factor or factors influence both obesity and socioeconomic status. There is evidence to support each of these possibilities, and limits to the evidence for each.Strong new evidence for the influence of obesity on socioeconomic status is reported by Gortmaker et al. in this issue of the Journal2. Their study . . .
Toxocara canis and human health
Authors: M G Kerr-Muir
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Soil sampling shows widespread contamination of the environment, particularly parks and playgrounds, with the eggs of Toxocara canis, the dog roundworm.1,2 Human toxocariasis occurs after ingestion of infective eggs of T canis and migration of larvas, particularly to liver, lungs, muscle, and brain, It accounts for considerable preventable childhood illness and blindness and is often associated with pica and poor hygiene. Although the clinical features vary, three syndromes are recognised: toxocaral visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, and covert toxocariasis.

Toxocaral visceral larva migrans is characterised by fever, malaise, cough and bronchospasm, abdominal pain, and occasionally failure to thrive. Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenitis, and bronchopulmonary signs predominate. Severe infection may cause myocarditis or respiratory failure. Focal or generalised seizures may occur. Epilepsy is associated with positive findings on serological testing for toxocara, but pica is also commoner inpatients with epilepsy. Contradictory reports relate toxocara to long term defects in cognitive function. Visceral larva migrans is usually, but not invariably, associated with pronounced IgE hypergammaglobulinaemia, eosinophilia, and increased concentrations of blood group A and B isohaemagglutinins. The findings of antibodies to toxocaral excretory and secretory products on enzyme linked immunosorbent assay has aided diagnosis and given greater credence to studies of seroprevalence.

Ocular larva migrans was described over 40 years ago after examination of 47 eyes enucleated for retinoblastoma: 23 had larval or hyaline remnants in eosinophilic …
Crib Death: The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Ina Whitman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

During the past 20 years, the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has gained recognition as a major cause of death in infants. The first edition of Guntheroth's book was for a number of years the only text devoted exclusively to the subject of SIDS. This second edition has been greatly expanded and extensively revised. The second version continues to be a very readable text. Its organization is improved with more extensive use of subheadings. The book contains nine chapters. The first is a chronological overview of the development of our knowledge of SIDS. The subsequent chapters provide in-depth coverage of SIDS including pathology, epidemiology, near-miss SIDS, theories of cardiovascular cause, possible respiratory causes, miscellaneous causal theories, maternal factors, management, and prevention. The book contains well over 1000 well-chosen references, more than three times the number in the first edition. A major strength of the book is its unusually well-documented coverage
Shock-induced changes of Cai2+ and Vm in myocyte cultures and computer model: Dependence on the timing of shock application
Authors: V RAMAN, A POLLARD, V FAST
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objectives: Responses of Cai2+ to electrical shocks are believed to be important in defibrillation but measurements of shock-induced Cai2+ changes during different phases of the action potential (AP) are lacking. The effects of shocks on Cai2+ and Vm were investigated in geometrically defined cell cultures and in a computer model. Methods: Uniform-field shocks (E=10.4±0.9 V/cm) were applied 15–300 ms after AP upstroke in strands of cultured neonatal rat myocytes. Optical mapping was used to measure shock-induced Cai2+ and Vm changes. A rat ionic model was used to elucidate ionic mechanisms of Cai2+ responses. Results: In experiments and simulations, shocks applied with short delays (15–40 ms) caused a transient decrease of Cai2+ at sites of both δV+m and δV−m. Simulations indicated that the Cai2+ decrease at δV+m sites was caused by reversed outward flow of L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL), while the Cai2+ decrease at δV−m sites was due to the NaCa exchanger (NCX). At intermediate delays (40–150 ms), shocks caused a Cai2+ decrease at sites of δV−m and an increase at sites of δV+m. Simulations indicated that the Cai2+ increase at δV+m sites was caused by transient reactivation of ICaL combined with a reverse-mode operation of NCX. Shocks applied at long delays (150–300 ms) caused a Cai2+ increase at δV+m and no change at δV−m sites. Conclusion: Effects of shocks on Cai2+ depend on the timing of shock application. Shocks applied during the early AP cause a transient Cai2+ decrease, while later in AP shocks induce a Cai2+ increase at sites of δV+m. Shock-induced Cai2+ changes in different AP phases are primarily determined by combination of ICaL and NCX.
Sickle hemoglobin disturbs normal coupling among erythrocyte O2 content, glycolysis, and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Stephen C. Rogers, Jerlinda G. C. Ross, Andre d'Avignon, Lindsey B. Gibbons, Vered Gazit, Mojibade N. Hassan, Dylan McLaughlin, Sherraine Griffin, Tara Neumayr, Malcolm DeBaun, Michael R. DeBaun, Allan Doctor
Journal: Blood (2013)
Videotaping general practice consultations.
Authors: J E Bain, N S Mackay
Journal: BMJ (1993)

EDITOR,--L Malcolm Campbell and colleagues state that the consent rate for videotaped consultations in their study was 91%, which shows the vulnerability of patients to coercion.1 The method of obtaining consent has an important bearing on this figure and is not described by the authors. When coercion and bias are removed, consent rates in the order of 4-10% are to be expected.2 …
Inhaled lysine acetylsalicylate (L‐ASA) attenuates histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction in asthma
Authors: N. Crimi, R. Polosa, S. Magrì, G. Prosperini, G. Paolino, C. Mastruzzo, A. Mistretta
Journal: Allergy (1996)

When administered by inhalation, histamine provokes dose-related bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects mainly by a direct activation of histamine H1-receptors on airway smooth muscle. However, little is known of the change in airway responsiveness to histamine after cyclooxygenase blockade. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor, lysine acetylsalicylate (L-ASA), administered by inhalation on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in a group of 16 asthmatic subjects. The subjects studied attended the laboratory on four separate occasions to receive nebulized L-ASA (solution of 90 mg/ml) or matched placebo (glycine solution of 30 mg/ml) 15 min before bronchoprovocation tests with histamine and methacholine in a randomized, double-blind order. Changes in airway caliber were followed as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and agonist responsiveness was expressed as the provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 from baseline (PC20). Administration of both L-ASA and glycine solution caused a small but significant acute fall in FEV1 from baseline, which returned to normal within 15 min. When compared to placebo, inhaled L-ASA reduced the airway responsiveness to histamine in 13 of the 16 subjects studied, the geometric mean (range) values fro PC20 histamine increasing significantly (P < 0.001) from 1.72 (0.13-5.49) mg/ml to 3.31 (0.36-12.00) mg/ml after placebo and L-ASA, respectively. No significant change in airway responsiveness to methacholine was recorded after L-ASA. Acute administration of L-ASA by inhalation protects the asthmatic airways against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, thus suggesting that endogenous prostaglandins may play a contributory role in the airways response to histamine in human asthma.
Continuing Education in Psychiatry for Physicians
Authors: Louis F. Rittelmeyer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The Department of Psychiatry of Georgetown University School of Medicine has conducted a postgraduate program for physicians in the area of Washington, DC, for four years. Forty-eight nonpsychiatrist practitioners have participated in one or more 12-week series of seminars designed to improve their ability to treat patients with emotional disorders. Problems were encountered in recruitment, program development, and faculty participation. The seminars assisted participants in modifying attitudes about emotionally disturbed patients and increased their knowledge and skills in dealing with them. All of the physicians who participated for three or more years demonstrated improved attitudes and broadened the scope or style of their practices in the management of emotional problems.
Use of jet mixing devices with an oxygen concentrator.
Authors: M B Dobson
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Jet mixing devices ("Venturi" devices) can be used in conjunction with domiciliary oxygen concentrators and provide delivered oxygen concentrations similar to those obtained with medical oxygen, though with the devices delivering higher concentrations (above 30% oxygen) the total flow is substantially reduced. A jet mixing device driven by a domiciliary concentrator would be valuable in various circumstances, especially in developing countries and also for infants and for patients with upper respiratory tract infections who are breathing through the mouth.
Coactivation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Malignant Mesothelioma as a Rationale for Combination Targeted Therapy
Authors: Marie Brevet, Shigeki Shimizu, Matthew J. Bott, Neerav Shukla, Qin Zhou, Adam B. Olshen, Valerie Rusch, Marc Ladanyi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
CNS Manifestations of Malignancies
Authors: Robert J. Weil, Russell R. Lonser, Martha M. Quezado
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

subconjunctival lymphoblast infiltration (Fig 1C, arrows).Magnetic imaging scanning showed leukemic infiltration of the pituitary sella and clivus, abutting the optic chiasm (Fig 1D arrow), together with deposits in the spleen and right kidney.Three more courses of intrathecal MTX and MOD were administered, with pituitary irradiation and thyroxine, cortisol, and desmopressin acetate replacement, and the patient achieved a good partial remission.Conjunctival relapse of ALL is reported rarely for both pediatric 3 and adult patients. 4 Most reported cases presented as isolated asymptomatic masses and were treated with radiotherapy.This is the first description of concomitant conjunctival, cerebral and pituitary relapse of ALL.Anatomically, the striking conjunctival infiltrate is unlikely to cause the visual impairment.Rather, the CSF and pituitary disease suggested direct ALL involvement of the optic nerve and tracts.Visual complaints in ALL patients often herald CNS disease and required urgent lumbar puncture and imaging.Compared with conjunctival radiotherapy, the use of systemic chemotherapy carried the advantage of speed and ease of administration, and also covers inevitable systemic disease.Despite extensive disease, our case showed good symptomatic response.The choice of MTX, which has therapeutic CSF 5 and eye globe 6 penetrating ability, may also be of benefit.
Increased Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: George L.A. Bird
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To determine whether elevated tumor necrosis factor levels contribute to the clinical manifestations and complications of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis and to evaluate the relation between tumor necrosis factor and plasma levels of endotoxin and interleukin-1ß Design: Prospective, controlled study. Setting: The liver unit of a university teaching hospital. Patients: We studied 21 patients with acute severe alcoholic hepatitis. There were four control groups: patients with inactive alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic persons without liver disease, patients with impaired renal function, and normal subjects. Measurements and Main Results: With one exception, patients with alcoholic hepatitis had higher tumor necrosis factor levels (mean, 26.3 ng/L; 95% CI, 21.7 to 30.9) than normal subjects (6.4 ng/L; CI, 5.4 to 7.4). Patients who subsequently died had a higher tumor necrosis factor level (34.7 ng/L; CI, 27.8 to 41.6) than survivors (16.6 ng/L; CI, 14.0 to 19.2). In patients with alcoholic hepatitis, tumor necrosis factor levels correlated positively with serum bilirubin (r = 0.74; P = 0.0009) and serum creatinine (r = 0.81; P = 0.0003). Patients with alcoholic hepatitis had higher tumor necrosis factor levels than patients with inactive alcoholic cirrhosis (11.1 ng/L; CI, 8.9 to 13.3) and severely alcoholic persons without liver disease (6.4 ng/L; CI, 5.0 to 7.8). Patients with abnormal renal function had lower tumor necrosis factor levels (14.1 ng/L; CI, 5.4 to 22.8) than patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Serial samples obtained during a 1-week period from patients with alcoholic hepatitis showed no significant change in tumor necrosis factor when patients who died were compared with survivors. No correlation was found between tumor necrosis factor and plasma endotoxin. Levels of interleukin-1ß did not exceed 20 ng/L. Conclusions: Elevations in tumor necrosis factor in alcoholic hepatitis are most marked in severe cases, suggesting that tumor necrosis factor plays a role in the pathogenesis.
Allergic bronchial asthma: eosinophil chemotaxis and antihistaminic drug modulation
Authors: M. T. Ventura, G. Casale, L. Cenci, A. Tursi
Journal: Allergy (1996)

This paper investigated the chemotactic capacity of blood eosinophils (EOS) in response to C5a and formyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) in 15 Parietaria-pollen-allergic patients with mild asthma during the Parietaria pollen season. Data showed that EOS chemotaxis toward C5a was significantly reduced during the peak pollen count, compared with the values obtained in normal subjects. On the other hand, FMLP could induce EOS chemotactic activity only in Parietaria-allergic patients, the highest value being registered during the height of the Parietaria season. In vitro cimetidine modulation of chemotactic function in comparison with C5a led to a recovery of the impaired results obtained in the presence of high histamine levels. Moreover, diphenhydramine preincubation of EOS induced a reduction of the enhanced chemotactic activity obtained with low concentrations. The data suggest that different serum histamine levels give rise to an impaired immune-phlogistic response in allergic patients and that histamine-receptor antagonists may modulate this effect.
General practitioners and medical television.
Authors: J H Walker, L Bowring, V Morris, J Rice, J R Thornham, C S Townsend, P S Veitch, D Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

After amputation geriatric patients have been enabled to get up and walk with the help of a prosthesis, an "early walking aid."The physiotherapist measures the patient, fits the early walking aid, and instructs him in walking.The prosthesis is simple to make, easy to apply, and allows early walking with the use of a walking frame or sticks.Thus the geriatric ampu- tee can walk as soon after operation as his general condition allows and the surgeon wishes.
Hysterectomy, endometrial destruction, and levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for heavy menstrual bleeding: systematic review and meta-analysis of data from individual patients
Authors: L. J. Middleton, R. Champaneria, J. P. Daniels, S. Bhattacharya, K. G. Cooper, N. H. Hilken, P. O'Donovan, M. Gannon, R. Gray, K. S. Khan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To evaluate the relative effectiveness of hysterectomy, endometrial destruction (both "first generation" hysteroscopic and "second generation" non-hysteroscopic techniques), and the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding.Meta-analysis of data from individual patients, with direct and indirect comparisons made on the primary outcome measure of patients' dissatisfaction.Data were sought from the 30 randomised controlled trials identified after a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases, reference lists, and contact with experts. Raw data were available from 2814 women randomised into 17 trials (seven trials including 1359 women for first v second generation endometrial destruction; six trials including 1042 women for hysterectomy v first generation endometrial destruction; one trial including 236 women for hysterectomy v Mirena; three trials including 177 women for second generation endometrial destruction v Mirena). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised controlled trials comparing hysterectomy, first and second generation endometrial destruction, and Mirena for women with heavy menstrual bleeding unresponsive to other medical treatment.At around 12 months, more women were dissatisfied with outcome with first generation hysteroscopic techniques than with hysterectomy (13% v 5%; odds ratio 2.46, 95% confidence interval 1.54 to 3.9, P<0.001), but hospital stay (weighted mean difference 3.0 days, 2.9 to 3.1 days, P<0.001) and time to resumption of normal activities (5.2 days, 4.7 to 5.7 days, P<0.001) were longer for hysterectomy. Unsatisfactory outcomes were comparable with first and second generation techniques (odds ratio 1.2, 0.9 to 1.6, P=0.2), although second generation techniques were quicker (weighted mean difference 14.5 minutes, 13.7 to 15.3 minutes, P<0.001) and women recovered sooner (0.48 days, 0.20 to 0.75 days, P<0.001), with fewer procedural complications. Indirect comparison suggested more unsatisfactory outcomes with second generation techniques than with hysterectomy (11% v 5%; odds ratio 2.3, 1.3 to 4.2, P=0.006). Similar estimates were seen when Mirena was indirectly compared with hysterectomy (17% v 5%; odds ratio 2.2, 0.9 to 5.3, P=0.07), although this comparison lacked power because of the limited amount of data available for analysis.More women are dissatisfied after endometrial destruction than after hysterectomy. Dissatisfaction rates are low after all treatments, and hysterectomy is associated with increased length of stay in hospital and a longer recovery period. Definitive evidence on effectiveness of Mirena compared with more invasive procedures is lacking.
Maximum Treadmill Exercise Electrocardiography in Female Patients
Authors: JOSEPH W. LINHART, JAMES G. LAWS, JONATHAN D. SATINSKY
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Exercise testing has become standardized for the diagnostic and functional evaluation of male patients but little data is available regarding its specificity and sensitivity in the female. Therefore, maximum treadmill exercise (Bruce protocol) was performed on 98 consecutive females and compared to coronary arteriography. Using 50% obstruction as indicating coronary artery disease and 1 mm ST-segment depression (horizontal or downsloping) as positive for ischemia, 24 patients had coronary artery disease with seven false-negative results (sensitivity = 71%) and 74 patients had no coronary artery disease with 16 false-positive responses (specificity = 78%). Five of seven false-negative tests were in patients with single-vessel disease. Eleven of 16 false-positive responses were in patients on digitalis, diazepam, or methyldopa. In 39 patients on no drug therapy except for nitroglycerin there were no false negatives and only four false-positive tests. There were no false negatives and only two false-positive tests in 34 patients with normal resting electrocardiograms. Only one of 18 patients with both normal resting electrocardiograms and on no drug therapy had a false-positive test result. Eleven false-positive and seven false-negative results occurred in 40 patients with both an abnormal resting electrocardiogram and associated drug therapy. The exercise electrocardiographic response in female patients is similar to the male when patients with resting electrocardiographic abnormalities and concomitant drug therapy are eliminated.
Natural Painkiller Found
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

French scientists have identified a natural painkiller in human saliva and demonstrated in pain studies in rats that it is up to 6 times more potent than morphine (Wisner A et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605865 103 [published online ahead of print November 13, 2006]).
AUTOANTIBODIES TO PITUITARY CORTICOTROPIN-PRODUCING CELLS: POSSIBLE MARKER FOR UNFAVOURABLE OUTCOME AFTER PITUITARY MICROSURGERY FOR CUSHING'S DISEASE
Authors: W.A. Scherbaum, M. Glück, U. Schrell, R. Fahlbusch, E.F. Pfeiffer
Journal: The Lancet (1987)