tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Teleradiotherapy of joints in rheumatoid arthritis: lack of efficacy
Authors: M Graninger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Low dose radiotherapy is commonly used for painful rheumatic conditions in clinical practice. Teleradiotherapy may be a cheap, painless procedure which is applicable to many joints at a time. <b>Objective:</b> To determine if the local application of <i>x</i> rays to inflamed joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects the signs and symptoms of inflammation. <b>Methods:</b> In a randomised, controlled, double blind study, roentgen irradiation was administered in a total dose of 20 Gy during 2 weeks to single joints in six patients with RA who were receiving constant and stable pharmacological treatment with DMARDs and NSAIDs. Single inflamed joints on the contralateral side of the body were used as controls and received sham irradiation. Swelling and tenderness was assessed by blinded investigators before and until 3 months after the irradiation; general disease activity and pain scales were included in the assessment. <b>Results:</b> No change in the scores for tenderness, swelling, pain, or disease activity was seen. The trial was stopped for ethical reasons. <b>Conclusion:</b> Local roentgen treatment of RA at a substantial dose of 20 Gy was ineffective in this pilot trial.
What Can Crystal Structures of Aminergic Receptors Tell Us about Designing Subtype-Selective Ligands?
Authors: Mayako Michino, Thijs Beuming, Prashant Donthamsetti, Amy Hauck Newman, Jonathan A. Javitch, Lei Shi
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2014)

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that represent an important class of drug targets. In particular, aminergic GPCRs interact with a significant portion of drugs currently on the market. However, most drugs that target these receptors are associated with undesirable side effects, which are due in part to promiscuous interactions with close homologs of the intended target receptors. Here, based on a systematic analysis of all 37 of the currently available high-resolution crystal structures of aminergic GPCRs, we review structural elements that contribute to and can be exploited for designing subtype-selective compounds. We describe the roles of secondary binding pockets (SBPs), as well as differences in ligand entry pathways to the orthosteric binding site, in determining selectivity. In addition, using the available crystal structures, we have identified conformational changes in the SBPs that are associated with receptor activation and explore the implications of these changes for the rational development of selective ligands with tailored efficacy.
Cardiovascular Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Lionel H. Opie, Bongani M. Mayosi
Journal: Circulation (2005)

O pen your eyes to Africa.It is big, complex and con- founding," says the British Medical Journal of October 1, 2005. 1 It has some of world's richest natural resources in minerals and oil.Yet 34 of the world's 41 indebted poor countries are in Africa, and only 37% of Africa's children attend secondary school.Africa, with one sixth of the world's population, accounts for one fiftieth of the global trade.We also read of wars, civil disturbances, and devastating chronic diseases such as malnutrition, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.The problems seem insuperable."Who takes responsibility for Zimbabwe?"asked The Lancet in despair in a recent editorial.
Prognostic importance of TLX1 (HOX11) oncogene expression in adults with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Adolfo A Ferrando, Donna S Neuberg, Richard K Dodge, Elisabeth Paietta, Richard A Larson, Peter H Wiernik, Jacob M Rowe, Michael A Caligiuri, Clara D Bloomfield, A Thomas Look
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
<i>Escherichia coli</i>Infections
Authors: Myron M. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Escherichia coli, the most common facultative anaerobe among the flora that inhabit the healthy human large intestine, has an important role in maintaining normal physiologic functions. But it is also the most common gram-negative human pathogen, responsible for purulent meningitis in neonates, cystitis and pyelonephritis in women and girls, and several distinct forms of diarrheal disease and dysentery affecting various age groups and populations throughout the world. For a long time the "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" behavior of this species remained enigmatic, as animal models and in vitro assays failed to detect differences in pathogenicity when E. coli . . .
The use of cytology in the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: E.K. DERRICK, R. SMITH, D.H. MELCHER, E.A. MORRISON, N. KIRKHAM, C.R. DARLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Two hundred and forty patients with basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) on the head or neck were studied. Scrapings of the lesions were taken for cytological examination, and a 3‐mm punch biopsy was performed for histopathological study. The accuracy of diagnosis by each method was compared. Both methods confirmed the clinical diagnosis in 226 cases, and both were negative in 10 cases. Cytopathology gave one false negative result (0·42%), and histopathology gave two false negative results (0·83%). Cytopathology gave one false positive result (0·42%), and histopathology did not produce any false positive results. We conclude that cytological examination of skin scrapings from suspected BCCs is a rapid and reliable method of diagnosis.
Preference of Endoscopic Ablation Over Medical Prevention of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by Patients With Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: Patrick Yachimski, Sachin Wani, Tonya Givens, Eric Howard, Tina Higginbotham, Angie Price, Kenneth Berman, Lindsay Hosford, Paul Menard Katcher, Elissa Ozanne, Katherine Perzan, Chin Hur
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Ischemic colitis following routine screening colonoscopy: a case report
Authors: K. Kao, A. Jain, A. Sheinbaum
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Ischemic colitis is a condition commonly seen in the elderly and individuals with risk factors for ischemia. However, a rare cause of ischemic colitis is colonoscopy. We report a case of ischemic colitis after a routine screening colonoscopy in a patient with no risk factors for ischemia.
Tranilast attenuates cardiac matrix deposition in experimental diabetes: role of transforming growth factor-?
Authors: J MARTIN, D KELLY, S MIFSUD, Y ZHANG, A COX, F SEE, H KRUM, J WILKINSONBERKA, R GILBERT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: The pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix is a characteristic feature of diabetic cardiomyopathy that is directly related to a loss of function. Tranilast (n-[3,4-anthranilic acid), used for the treatment of fibrotic skin diseases, has also been shown to inhibit transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced matrix production in kidney epithelial cells.
Exaggeration of defective platelet function by methyldopa in hypothyroidism
Authors: Zella Zeigler, Ute Hasiba, Jessica Lewis, Anthony Vagnucci, Valerie West, Elizabeth Bezek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Platelet function was analyzed in two hypothyroid patients who were taking methyldopa. Results from these two patients are compared to those obtained in seven others with hypothyroidism on no medications. Bleeding times in the two drug patients were 33 and 26 minutes compared to normal values (4.0 to 8.0 minutes) in the other hypothyroid individuals. In addition, platelet aggregation responses to epinephrine, collagen, and ristocetin were abnormal in these two patients; these were normal in the others with hypothyroidism. Repeat studies were done in the first drug patient when she was euthyroid and still receiving methyldopa. Her bleeding time decreased to 11 minutes, platelet retention increased from 31% to 75%, and abnormal aggregation responses corrected to normal. Factor VIII coagulant activity, VIII antigenic activity, VIII ristocetin cofactor activity, and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of VIII antigen were normal. These findings suggest that methyldopa can potentiate the mild platelet function defect seen in patients with hypothyroidism.
The Nature of Essential Hypertension
Authors: Harold D. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This small volume presents a lucid and orderly exposition of the author's view that blood pressure levels, as recorded clinically in the population at large, represent a continuum, there being no sharp "cut-off point" between "normal" and "high" blood pressure. Essential hypertension is regarded here as a quantitative rather than qualitative deviation from the norm, whether from a clinical, prognostic, or pathologic point of view. The author scolds statisticians for their wholesale disregard of the facts. There are few phenomena, he says "more astonishing than how many skilled biometricians have been induced to use a practice which, had it been general, would have quickly brought that science into disrepute." The author points out that there is a resemblance between the blood pressure of individuals and their relatives and that this resemblance is quantitative and graded over the whole range ordinarily considered to represent hypotension, normotension, and hypertension, and such as
Pericardial Effusion in Primary Hypothyroidism Tc-99m Sestamibi Imaging
Authors: FERNANDO CESANI, HOWARD TEE, JOSE ESQUIVEL-AVILA, JAVIER VILLANUEVA-MEYER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 28-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for an episode of syncope. On arrival, the patient was noticed to have an enlarged cardiac silhouette on chest x-ray. The ECG showed sinus bradycardia at 50 beats per minute. A resting myocardial perfusion study was performed after the injection of 20 mCl of Tc-99m sestamibi. The SPECT images show normal myocardial perfusion with a large pericardial effusion, best appreciated with planar images, Laboratory data showed a TSH of 284 mU/L, T3 uptake 0.77, T4 0.4 mcg/dl, and a free thyroxine index less than 0.31. An echocardlogram showed a moderate to severe (600 cc) pericardial effusion with normal left ventricular function. Pericardial effusion may be a frequent manifestation in myxedema, an advanced severe stage.
Phaeochromocytoma associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: S O'Hickey, A M Hilton, J S Whittaker
Journal: Thorax (1987)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens to overwhelm the capacity of the vulnerable healthcare system in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). Sufficient training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in how to manage COVID-19 and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to enable them to do so will be key tools in allowing oPt to mount a credible response to the crisis. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated online questionnaire. Data collection occurred between March 30, 2020 and April 12, 2020. The primary outcomes was PPE provision and the secondary outcome was HCWs preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic. <h3>Results</h3> Of 138 respondents, only 38 HCWs (27.5%) always had access to facemasks when needed and 15 (10.9%) for isolation gowns. The vast majority of HCWs did not find eye protection (n=128, 92.8%), N95 respirators (n=132, 95.7%), and face shields (n=127, 92%) always available. Compared to HCWs in West Bank, those in the Gaza Strip were significantly less likely to have access to alcohol sanitizers (p=0.026) and gloves (p &lt;0.001). On average, governmental hospitals were significantly less likely to have all appropriate PPE measures than non-governmental institutions (p = 0.001). As for preparedness, only 16 (11.6%) surveyed felt confident in dealing with a potential COVID-19 case. With 57 (41.3%) having received any COVID-19 related training and 57 (41.3%) not having a local hospital protocol. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HCWs in oPt are underprepared and severely lacking adequate PPE provision. The lack of local protocols, and training has left HCWs confidence exceedingly low. The lack of PPE provision will exacerbate spread of COVID-19 and deepen the crisis, whilst putting HCWs at risk.
Iatrogenic infection of a colonic cystic lymphangioma following cold-forceps biopsy
Authors: S. Krishna, J. Stroehlein, W. Foo, R. Suzuki, S. Reddy, M. Bhutani
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

An incidental 4-cm, cecal, subepithelial compression with a smooth mucosa was found during colonoscopy in a 63-year-old man ([Fig. 1]). A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a 4.4 × 2.7-cm, cystic cecal mass ([Fig. 2]). A 12-MHz, through-the-scope, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) miniprobe demonstrated an anechoic, multiseptated, submucosal cecal cyst with intact muscularis propria ([Fig. 3]), consistent with a colonic cystic lymphangioma (CCL). To document the benign overlying mucosa, a standard, cold-forceps pinch biopsy (Boston Scientific Corp., Natick, Massachusetts, USA) was performed, which resulted in drainage of a small amount of whitish fluid.
The influence of the nature of the asparagine 289-linked oligosaccharide on the activation by urokinase and lysine binding properties of natural and recombinant human plasminogens.
Authors: D J Davidson, F J Castellino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Several strategies have been used to obtain recombinant (r) human plasminogens (HPg) containing different oligosaccharide side chains on its sole N-linked glycosylation site, present at Asn289. The approaches included expression of the cDNA for HPg in insect cell lines under various conditions, addition of glycosidase inhibitors during expression, and purification of specific glycoforms of HPg using affinity chromatography on an insolubilized lectin column. The activation kinetics for urokinase (UK) of each of the purified HPgs, as well as their relative abilities to bind to the ligand, epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), were then determined. Removal of both N- and O-linked oligosaccharide from HPg resulted in a slight increase in the Kcat/Km for its activation, while a glycoform containing tetrasialyl-tetra-antennary complex oligosaccharide on Asn289 was a slightly poorer substrate for UK than plasma HPg, which contains bisialyl-biantennary complex carbohydrate on Asn289. The most dramatic differences were observed for HPgs with high mannose-type glycans on Asn289. (Man9GlcNAc2)-HPg possessed only approximately 6% of the kcat/Km of plasma HPg, whereas (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2)-HPg did not undergo activation at a significant rate by UK. Differences were also found in the relative abilities of the HPg glycoforms to interact with EACA. The most effective interactions were observed with HPgs containing complex-type glycans, and the least effective binding was found for HPgs with high mannose-type oligosaccharides. The full range of the binding effects is represented by a fourfold difference between HPg containing tetrasialyl-tetra-antennary glycan and HPg with (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) assembled on Asn289. These results clearly demonstrate that the nature of the N-linked glycan assembled on HPg dramatically influences its ability to be activated by UK and to bind to omega-amino acid effector molecules.
TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHIATRIC TEACHING
Authors: RUSSELL R. MONROE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

1. Studies in progress for the past two years suggest that we can devise short-answer, multiple-choice tests applicable for examination of large classes which correlate well with subsequent clinical performance. 2. It is suggested that giving separate examinations in clinical description, clinical evaluation, psychotherapeutic techniques and factual knowledge will provide a profile of competency for each student which will highlight his strengths and weaknesses. This should provide a guide for instructors involved in the small-group, tutorial educational system in the clinical years. 3. Such tests even expose psychopathology and defense mechanisms. If the student s markedly deviant from his peers, one should be alerted to the possibility of severe psychopathology. 4. Utilizing available movies and rating scales already standardized on trained personnel seems to be an equitable way to measure the student's capabilities. It also offers an opportunity for interschool comparison of students. 5. It is hoped that such procedures can be designed so that the practice effect will be minimal and that the same exam can be repeated at least once during the four-year medical school curriculum. In this way these instruments could be utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of psychiatric teaching.
NIAID Recommendations for Treating HIV Infection
Authors: Carol D. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recommendations by panel members at a recent conference sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to evaluate nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)<sup>1</sup>are evidence of a growing trend to avoid RT inhibitors in asymptomatic individuals, particularly those with CD4<sup>+</sup>cell counts higher than 0.50×10<sup>9</sup>/L (500/μL). As an internist who has spent most of the past 6 years studying HIV from a virologist's point of view, I am concerned about this trend toward delayed treatment. First, nucleoside analogue RT inhibitors, such as zidovudine and didanosine, are static agents; they block HIV infection of new cells, but they do not kill cells that are already infected. Infected cells may continue to produce virus in the presence of RT inhibitors, though spread to new cells will be blocked. Relief from the RT inhibitor-selective
FoxOs Integrate Pleiotropic Actions of Insulin in Vascular Endothelium to Protect Mice from Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kyoichiro Tsuchiya, Jun Tanaka, Yu Shuiqing, Carrie L. Welch, Ronald A. DePinho, Ira Tabas, Alan R. Tall, Ira J. Goldberg, Domenico Accili
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Pyrophosphate arthropathy in hypophosphatasia.
Authors: A W Eade, A J Swannell, N Williamson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The association of hypophosphatasia and pyrophosphate arthropathy in an adult patient has been described on 1 previous occasion. We report a further 2 patients with this disease combination. One patient suffers from the type of hypophosphatasia that presents in adult life, with fractures that are either spontaneous or the result of minimal trauma. The other patient suffered from the severe type of hypophosphatasia that presents in infancy but survived longer than is usual; the necropsy findings on this patient are reported.
Nerve Conduction in Familial Dysautonomia (Riley-Day Syndrome)
Authors: J. C. Brown, R. J. Johns
Journal: JAMA (1967)

FAMILIAL dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome), a hereditary disorder affecting Jewish children of Eastern European extraction almost exclusively,<sup>1</sup>is recognized by autonomic disturbances including lack of overflow tearing, orthostatic hypotension, wide fluctuations in blood pressure on excitement, skin blotching with excitement or eating, and excessive perspiration and drooling. The following nervous system manifestations are also common: absent or hypoactive tendon reflexes, poor motor coordination, dysarthria and hypotonia, relative indifference to pain, dysesthesia, corneal anesthesia, neurogenic arthropathy, and reduced proprioception.<sup>2-5</sup>Since many of these latter abnormalities might be caused by a disorder of peripheral nerve function, we measured nerve excitability and conduction velocity in ten affected children. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> Stimuli of 0.1-msec duration were delivered to the ulnar nerve by surface electrodes. Muscle action potentials were recorded between a surface electrode on the hypothenar and an indifferent electrode at the base of the fifth finger. Nerve action potentials were recorded
Overdiagnosis from non-progressive cancer detected by screening mammography: stochastic simulation study with calibration to population based registry data
Authors: A. Seigneurin, O. Francois, J. Labarere, P. Oudeville, J. Monlong, M. Colonna
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To quantify the magnitude of overdiagnosis from non-progressive disease detected by screening mammography, after adjustment for the potential for lead time bias, secular trend in the underlying risk of breast cancer, and opportunistic screening. <b>Design</b> Approximate bayesian computation analysis with a stochastic simulation model designed to replicate standardised incidence rates of breast cancer. The model components included the lifetime probability of breast cancer, the natural course of breast cancer, and participation in organised and opportunistic mammography screening. <b>Setting</b> Isère, a French administrative region with nearly 1.2 million inhabitants. <b>Participants</b> All women living in Isère and aged 50-69 during 1991-2006. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Overdiagnosis, defined as the proportion of non-progressive cancers among all cases of invasive cancer and carcinoma in situ detected 1991-2006. <b>Results</b> In 1991-2006, overdiagnosis from non-progressive disease accounted for 1.5% of all cases of invasive cancer (95% credibility interval 0.3% to 2.9%) and 28.0% of all cases of carcinoma in situ (2.2% to 59.8%) detected either clinically or by screening mammography in Isère. When analysis was restricted to the cancers detected by screening mammography only, the estimates of overdiagnosis were 3.3% (0.7% to 6.5%) and 31.9% (2.9% to 62.3%) for invasive cancer and carcinomas in situ, respectively. <b>Conclusion</b> Overdiagnosis from the detection of non-progressive disease by screening mammography was limited in 1991-2006 in Isère. Because carcinoma in situ accounted for less than 15% of all incident breast cancer cases, its contribution to overdiagnosis was relatively limited and imprecise.
Teratogenic effects of waste anaesthetic gases.
Authors: P J Tomlin
Journal: BMJ (1978)

imposed, quite rightly, by the editor seems to have been the cause of that disagreement.Under investigation * Interpretation complicated owing to an episode of neonatal meningitis.** 'HO expected incidencc less than 1 in 1000 live births."'***These include marked motor and EEG, abnormalities.
USE OF THE STOMACH AND RECTAL TUBE IN CHILDREN.
Authors: W. JAY BELL
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I am fully aware that the stomach and rectal tube is not so generally used in the south as in the north and northeast. Having followed their use so closely during my service on the staff of the New York Infant Asylum and since my location in Atlanta, and having such pronounced beneficial results following their use, I am constrained to present a short paper on the subject before this body. We may well deem our age the most practical in the world's history and we find theory quickly receding to give place to the tangible and practical. The approaching warm season causes one who handles the little ones to stop and reflect for a time upon the too often fatal ileo-colitis and gastro-enteritis. There is nothing to be found infallible in medicine nor in means; yet we must accept all available means and apply them judiciously yet assiduously. Often
Research paper most likely shows that benzodiazepines are used to treat early symptoms of dementia
Authors: C. Bocti, J. Roy-Desruisseaux, P. Roberge
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Billioti de Gage and colleagues report an increased risk of dementia associated with the use of benzodiazepines in PAQUID, a population based longitudinal study.1 The biological plausibility of a causal association between benzodiazepine use and a relentlessly progressive degenerative disorder such as Alzheimer’s disease is not supported by available evidence. In contrast, …