tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Which techniques should be used to screen blood donations for hepatitis B surface antigen?
Authors: J Wallace, A Barr, G R Milne
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Preservation of all donor sera already tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (C.I.E.P.) allowed C.I.E.P., reversed passive haemagglutination (R.P.H.A.), and radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.) to be evaluated as screening techniques. Out of 165 811 donors tested for the first time 207 were found by C.I.E.P. to be positive for HBsAf-a prevalence of 0-12%. At the next donation 10 of those apparently negative on first screening were HBsAg positive by C.I.E.P., and nine of these were shown by retesting with R.P.H.A. and R.I.A. to have been positive at the earlier donation. These nine false negatives caused four cases of transfusion-transmitted HBsAg-positive hepatitis. On comparative screening of 22 239 donations C.I.E.P. detected 27 sera positive for HBsAg, R.P.H.A. 39, and R.I.A. 41. Thus R.I.A. increased the detection rate by more than half over C.I.E.P. From these 14 further false-negative donations by C.I.E.P. six cases-one fatal-of HBsAg-positive hepatitis occurred. The number of false positive reactions when using R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. for screening was less than 1%. As many as 700 donations in one day have been tested by R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. R.P.H.A. is faster and less expensive than R.I.A., but R.I.A. is more objective. Either R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. should replace C.I.E.P. as the routine method of screening donor sera for HBsAg.
On Call: A Doctor's Days and Nights in Residency
Authors: Laura L. Sessums
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 June 2005On Call: A Doctor's Days and Nights in ResidencyLaura L. Sessums, JD, MDLaura L. Sessums, JD, MDFrom Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-11-200506070-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Transue E. 242 pages. New York: St. Martin's Pr; 2004. $23.95. ISBN 0312324839. Order at www.stmartins.com.Field of medicine: Internal medicine and its subspecialties.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Anyone who has experienced academic medicine or who seeks to understand the experience of a medicine resident.Purpose: To chronicle the author's formative experiences and development in her medicine residency “beginning on the first morning of [her] residency and ending on its final night.”Content: The 45 chapters are each short vignettes that, loosely connected, portray the gradual development of the author from a nervous, very green intern to a competent, professional, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 June 2005Volume 142, Issue 11Page: 952KeywordsAcademic medicineEmotionsResidencySoftware toolsSub-specialty care ePublished: 7 June 2005 Issue Published: 7 June 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
An update on the cardiac effects of erythropoietin cardioprotection by erythropoietin and the lessons learnt from studies in neuroprotection
Authors: M BOGOYEVITCH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Erythropoietin (Epo) was once thought to act exclusively in the formation of red blood cells. As recently reviewed by Smith et al. [Cardiovasc. Res. 59 (2003) 538-548], Epo can also act within the cardiovascular system with effects in thrombosis and hypertension as well as actions on platelets, vascular endothelium and smooth muscle, and myocytes of the heart. Here, the actions of Epo to protect neuronal cells of the brain are first evaluated and parallel actions of Epo in cardioprotection are then drawn. Thus, with recent reports of Epo receptor (EpoR) expression by cardiac myocytes, it could be predicted that Epo initiates direct protective signalling events. This is supported by five independent studies published in 2003 showing Epo protects cardiac myocytes following ischemia/reperfusion. Importantly, these protective actions have been observed in vitro and in vivo. The former suggests the direct actions of Epo to prevent myocyte death independently of its effects on red blood cell number or cells other than cardiac myocytes. The latter demonstrates the potential for Epo in the treatment of the heart post-infarction, decreasing the numbers of apoptotic myocytes, limiting infarct expansion and attenuating the post-infarct deterioration in haemodynamic function. These beneficial effects of Epo should stimulate further research into the actions of Epo.
Combination of peripheral blood gene expression profiles and clinical parameters predicts response to tocilizumab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: B. Mesko, S. Poliska, S. Szamosi, Z. Szekanecz, J. Podani, L. Nagy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Tocilizumab, a humanised anti-interleukin 6 receptor monoclonal antibody, has recently been approved as a biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. It is not known if there are characteristic gene expression changes following therapy and if such alterations alone or in combination with clinical parameters can be used to predict responses. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Global gene expression profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 13 rheumatoid arthritis patients with active disease at week 0 and 4 following treatment were obtained as well as clinical parameters and serum cytokine levels using ELISA. Gene sets separating responders and non-responders were created by using Canonical Variates Analysis. This approach also revealed important gene groups and pathways that differentiate responders from non-responders. <h3>Results</h3> Altogether 59 genes showed significant differences between week 0 and 4; and four genes (CCDC32, DHFR, EPHA4, TRAV8-3) separated responders from non-responders after multiple-testing correction. Genes correlating with disease activity and the responder status based on a novel scoring system were also found. 10 of the 12 genes with the most significant changes were validated using RT-QPCR. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first instance that the gene expression changes as the result of tocilizumab therapy were examined and gene sets discriminating between responders and non-responders found and validated. This data also show that the use of the combination of a clinical score system along with Canonical Variates Analysis are likely to help predict responder status from peripheral blood in rheumatoid arthritis.
Nicholas John Chamberlain
Authors: J. Galloway, P. Tasker
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Former general practitioner Kings Lynn (b Kings Lynn 1944; q Edinburgh 1969; FRCGP), died from oesophageal cancer on 29 September 2001.

Nick returned to his beloved East Anglia to work in the same practice all his life. He held hospital posts in occupational medicine and genitourinary medicine. He was also a GP trainer and Vocational Training Scheme course organiser. Nick was influential in West Norfolk primary care, being chairman of the local fundholding group and a member of the executive board of the local primary care organisation. He played tennis and golf and was an accomplished gardener. He leaves a wife, Penny, and a daughter.
Hypercalcemia and Collapse of First Lumbar Vertebra
Authors: Otto E. Au franc, William N. Jones, William H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. W. Harris: This month and next month we would like to present two contrasting cases of lumbar vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women.  A 59-yr-old white female was admitted to the Phillips House with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism with impending acute parathyroid poisoning.  The patient had been in good health until 11 moprior to admission, when her right humerus was fractured in an automobile accident. The fracture healed without complication and the patient was well until 5 mo before admission, when she wrenched her back while opening a window. She noted a sudden onset of acute pain in the low back on the right side. There was no radiation of the pain and it gradually subsided. Four months before admission, she reinjured her lower back while opening a drawer. Again, she noted some gradual improvement with the passage of time. At about the same time, she developed hoarseness which she
FDG Uptake in Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus From Renal Cell Carcinoma on Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Alecia W. Sizemore, Martin P. Jacobs, Joseph C. Mantil, Geoffrey K. Hahm
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Computed tomography of a 72-year-old woman with hematuria demonstrated a right kidney mass and abnormalities of the right renal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC). Combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning was performed for staging. Diffuse FDG uptake extending from the right kidney medially and superiorly to the level of the diaphragm corresponded with IVC abnormalities on computed tomography. FDG uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography supported the presence of tumor thrombus in the IVC. The patient underwent a thoraco-abdominal nephrectomy, with renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney and renal cell carcinoma thrombus in the IVC confirmed during surgery and on histology.
The urokinase receptor is required for human monocyte chemotaxis in vitro.
Authors: M R Gyetko, R F Todd, C C Wilkinson, R G Sitrin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Mononuclear phagocytes (Mphi) produce urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and also express a specific cell-surface receptor for urokinase, uPAR. The concomitant expression of these proteins provides a mechanism by which Mphi can degrade extracellular matrix proteins during directed cell migration. In this study, we sought to determine if uPAR plays a role in Mphi chemotaxis that is distinct from its role in matrix proteolysis. Exposing adherent monocytes to a chemotactic gradient causes plasma membrane uPAR to localize strongly to the leading edge of cell migration. Adherence alone or exposure to FMLP had no effect on uPAR expression. Using Boyden chamber chemotaxis assays, we demonstrate that treating mononuclear cells with an anti-uPAR mAb (either as an intact mAb or F[ab']2) ablates chemotaxis induced by FMLP and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (P < 0.001). Inactivating the catalytic activity of uPAR-bound uPA had no effect on chemotaxis. Similarly, blocking uPAR expression with an antisense oligonucleotide to uPAR completely ablates chemotaxis, but blocking uPA expression with an antisense oligonucleotide to uPA has a minimal effect. We therefore demonstrate that expression and unimpeded function of uPAR plays an obligate role in M phi chemotaxis by mechanisms that are largely independent of its ligand, uPA. Combined with its known role in mediating pericellular proteolysis, these observations demonstrate that uPAR is essential for both locomotion and traversing tissue barriers during M phi migration.
The cell polarity PTK7 receptor acts as a modulator of the chemotherapeutic response in acute myeloid leukemia and impairs clinical outcome
Authors: Thomas Prebet, Anne-Catherine Lhoumeau, Christine Arnoulet, Anaïs Aulas, Sylvie Marchetto, Stéphane Audebert, Francesca Puppo, Christian Chabannon, Danielle Sainty, Marie-Josée Santoni, Michael Sebbagh, Virginia Summerour, Yannick Huon, Won-Sik Shin, Seung-Taek Lee, Benjamin Esterni, Norbert Vey, Jean-Paul Borg
Journal: Blood (2010)
Spontaneous negativation of serum hepatitis C virus RNA is a rare event in type C chronic liver diseases: analysis of HCV RNA in 320 patients who were followed for more than 3 years
Authors: Osamu Yokosuka, Hiroshige Kojima, Fumio Imazeki, Masami Tagawa, Hiromitsu Saisho, Shigeru Tamatsukuri, Masao Omata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
First FDA Approval of Dual Anti-HER2 Regimen: Pertuzumab in Combination with Trastuzumab and Docetaxel for HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Gideon M. Blumenthal, Nancy S. Scher, Patricia Cortazar, Somesh Chattopadhyay, Shenghui Tang, Pengfei Song, Qi Liu, Kimberly Ringgold, Anne M. Pilaro, Amy Tilley, Kathryn E. King, Laurie Graham, Barbara L. Rellahan, Wendy C. Weinberg, Bo Chi, Colleen Thomas, Patricia Hughes, Amna Ibrahim, Robert Justice, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

On June 8, 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pertuzumab (Perjeta, Genentech) for use in combination with trastuzumab (Herceptin, Genentech) and docetaxel for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who have not received prior anti-HER2 therapy or chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Approval was based on the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 808 patients with HER2-positive MBC. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive pertuzumab (n = 402) or placebo (n = 406) in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and a key secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). A statistically significant improvement in PFS (difference in medians of 6.1 months) was observed in patients receiving pertuzumab [HR, 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51-0.75; P < 0.0001]. A planned interim analysis suggested an improvement in OS (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47-0.88; P = 0.0053) but the HR and P value did not cross the stopping boundary. Common adverse reactions (>30%) observed in patients on the pertuzumab arm included diarrhea, alopecia, neutropenia, nausea, fatigue, rash, and peripheral neuropathy. No additive cardiac toxicity was observed. Significant manufacturing issues were identified during the review. On the basis of substantial evidence of efficacy for pertuzumab in MBC and the compelling public health need, FDA did not delay availability to patients pending final resolution of all manufacturing concerns. Therefore, FDA approved pertuzumab but limited its approval to lots not affected by manufacturing problems. The applicant agreed to multiple manufacturing and testing postmarketing commitments under third-party oversight to resolve manufacturing issues.
Surgical training: an objective assessment of recent changes for a single health board
Authors: T J Crofts, J M T Griffiths, S Sharma, J Wygrala, R J Aitken
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The reduction in doctors' hours and the introduction of specialist training have reduced general surgical training by 60%. This study assessed the implications for a single health board. A questionnaire listing 13 representative operations was sent to 44 trainees and 52 trainers to determine the number of operations a trainee should perform. The total number of operations required for training was compared against the total actually performed across the health board. Operating times for five representative operations were audited prospectively. Trainers and trainees recommended a similar and conservative number of operations. The total number of operations available for training (4913) was 38% less than the number recommended (7946). Trainees required 50-75% more operating time than consultants. To increase the proportion of operations undertaken by trainees from the current 30% to 70% would require an extra 270 theatre days (of pounds 1.3m) yearly. The minimum number of operations required for training must be defined and the proportion of supervised operations undertaken by trainees substantially increased. Service and financial implications will have to be addressed. Action is needed urgently, as the first trainees will become consultants in less than five years.
Divalent cations induce protofibril gelation
Authors: Gerard Marx
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Soluble fibrin oligomers (protofibrils) undergo phase change merely by adding 1-2 mM Ca2+ or 25-100 microM Zn2+. The cation-induced "protofibrin" clots appear similar to normally formed fibrin gels. Maximal clot turbidity of protofibrin gels increases with cations in a concentration-dependent manner. Magnesium (less than 0.5 mM) is ineffective in inducing protofibril gelation. Turbidity and degree of polymerization (DP) [indirectly expressed as AT (activation time)] appear to be positively correlated, regardless of whether the divalent cation is Ca2+ or Zn2+. Cross sections of Ca2+-induced protofibrin fibers are approximately 6-18-fibrin-monomers-thick. With both Ca2+ and 40 microM Zn2+, fiber cross section increases to 30-50 monomers thick. Negatively stained Zn2+-and Ca2+-induced protofibrin gels exhibit banding periodicity of approximately 240 A, similar to that of normally generated fibrin gels. Regions of lateral merging of individual segments of the protofibrin leads to increased cross section of the fiber and forms a branch required for gelation. These findings indicate that the rate of coagulation and the ultimate thickness of the fibers both relate to lateral associative processes of protofibrils, which are augmented by physiologic concentrations of 2+ and Zn2+.
Diagnosing congenital dislocation of the hip: Author's reply
Authors: N M P Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1992)

that a long term trial is needed -hides a much more complicated situation than is suggested.Hip sonography was introduced in Austria in 1980 and has been painstakingly followed up since then.2The results of examinations of many tens of thousands of neonatal hips are now available.From the beginning immediate vigorous conservative treatment was instituted for all dysplastic and unstable hips.This was followed by an extensive and eventually comprehensive ultrasound screen- ing programme for all newborn infants in the maternity unit.'This policy resulted in a dramatic reduction in the average age at diagnosis of hip dysplasia4itself a strong prognosticator of improved outcome.Over the ensuing years the numbers of babies presenting with late dislocation of the hip and with hips failing to mature completely fell to almost zero.Practically all children have now finished their treatment before the age at which they start to walk.Operative reduction has not been necessary in the screened group for several years, and congenital dislocation of the hip has been completely eradicated among Austrian babies (R Graf, personal communication).The savings due to the reduction of the number of operations more than cover the cost of the entire screening programme.Thus the large long term trial that Clarke calls for was completed and reported on several years ago.Its results are staggering if true because they imply that many hundreds of children are still suffering from a crippling but completely prevent- able disease.Such results may need to be corro- borated and confirmed, but at the very least the enormous Austrian and German experience needs to be taken into account.
Novak's Gynecology | Novak's Gynecology: Self-assessment and Review
Authors: Larry McGowan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coronary-Artery Disease in a Rural Area
Authors: Franklin K. Paddock, Thomas C. Clifford, Henry J. Wheelwright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

WE became interested in comparing our figures of the duration of life after myocardial infarction with various studies done elsewhere.Scattered series of cases have shown an average duration of life after a coronary thrombosis varying from six months to three and a half years.1 Since these figures are for the most part from large institutions, we wondered what the life expectancy was with and after acute myocardial infarction in a smaller community. The practice of the three of us, as partners, includes the most westerly portion of Massachusetts and takes in most of Berkshire County and across the New . . .
"Epidemiology" of Professional Liability Losses
Authors: Sidney Shindell
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A PURPOSE of the epidemiologic method is to examine the occurrence and distribution of disease states among populations in an attempt to produce information useful in prevention. That professional liability is a "disease" which affects the practice of medicine and warrants effort on the part of the profession to minimize its occurrence is generally agreed. Yet it is surprising how little really is known about the true incidence of this "disease" and the factors which are associated with its occurrence and distribution. The situation today is not much changed from a quarter century ago when Hubert Winston Smith stated: Much is heard and said about the peril of malpractice claims, but there is a definite lack of accurate information by which one might appraise the reality and the size of the hazard.<sup>1</sup> In an attempt to provide accurate information, Professor Smith reviewed all the appeals cases reported from 1794,
The NFL's Drug Testing Policy-Reply
Authors: Dennis L. Breo
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal