tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Controlled Evaluation of Deanol and Benactyzine-Meprobamate
Authors: Armand W. Loranger, Curtis T. Prout
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

WHEN evaluating a new drug an investigator should allow for such factors as suggestibility, the natural course of the illness and the effect of other treatments. This is particularly true in the field of psychiatry, because the subject matter readily lends itself to the influence of subjectivity, bias and the personal element. An uncontrolled drug evaluation can easily foster an erroneous view about the efficacy of a new agent. This was forcefully demonstrated in a recent experiment conducted by the present investigators on the placebo effect in psychiatric drug research.1 The study dramatically illustrated the tendency of patients, psychiatrists and . . .
Nucleotide polymorphism at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus of pocket gophers, genus Geomys
Authors: R. D. Bradley, R. M. Adkins, R. L. Honeycutt, J. H. McDonald
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Using the strictly neutral model as a null hypothesis, we tested for deviations from expected levels of nucleotide polymorphism at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus (Adh-1) within and among four species of pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius major, G. knoxjonesi, G. texensis llanensis, and G. attwateri). The complete protein-encoding region was examined, and 10 unique alleles, representing both electromorphic and cryptic alleles, were used to test hypotheses (e.g., the neutral model) concerning the maintenance of genetic variation. Nineteen variable sites were identified among the 10 alleles examined, including 9 segregating sites occurring in synonymous positions and 10 that were nonsynonymous. Several statistical methods, including those that test for within-species variation as well as those that examine variation within and among species, failed to reject the null hypothesis that variation (both within and between species of Geomys) at the Adh locus is consistent with the neutral theory. However, there was significant heterogeneity in the ratio of polymorphism to divergence across the gene, with polymorphisms clustered in the first half of the coding region and fixed differences clustered in the second half of the gene. Two alternative hypotheses are discussed as possible explanations for this heterogeneity: an old balanced polymorphism in the first half of the gene or a recent selective sweep in the second half of the gene.
A Difficult Doctor-Patient Interaction Predicts Organically Unexplained Symptoms In Allergology Patients
Authors: M. Grosber, C. Hausteiner, E. Bubel, S. Groben, S. Bornschein, C. Lahmann, T. Zilker, B. Eberlein, P. Henningsen, D. Huber, H. Behrendt, J. Ring, U. Darsow
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
1115-71 Depression is strongly associated with worse health status in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure: Data from the EPHESUS trial
Authors: John S Rumsfeld, Mary A Whooley, Philip Jones, Mark D Sullivan, Pamela N Peterson, William S Weintraub, Bertram Pitt, John A Spertus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Flare Response in Ewing??s Sarcoma
Authors: JOEL R. MEYER, BARRY L. SHULKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 3 1/2-year-old boy had thigh pain and a leg mass. Bone scanning demonstrated intense uptake within the involved femur, but no uptake within the soft tissues or evidence of metastatic spread. Radiographs and CT scanning showed a large soft tissue mass and periosteal reaction suggestive of Ewing's sarcoma. Following chemotherapy, the patient had an apparently good clinical response. However, bone scanning showed uptake that was more intense and extensive than it was before therapy. Plain films and CT showed that the uptake was evidence of soft tissue calcification and that the mass had shrunk. This is an unusual example of the flare response to therapy because the apparent progression of the disease on bone scanning was caused by extraskeletal uptake.
Effect of galactose on interaction ofN-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers with hepatoma cells in culture: Preliminary application to an anticancer agent, daunomycin
Authors: Kathryn B. O’Hare, Isabella C. Hume, Lynne Scarlett, Vladimir Chytrý, Pavla Kopećar;ková, Jindřich Kopeček, Ruth Duncan
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

A series of copolymers were prepared containing 1,2:3,4-di- O -isopropylidene-6- O -methacryloyl-α-d-galactopyranose (0 to 99 mol %, methacryoyltyrosi-namide and N -(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (99 to mol %). The effect of galactose content on interaction vith hepatoma cells in vitro was studied. Increased galactose content caused increased accumulation of N -2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers by two ruman hepatoma cell lines (Hep G 2 and SAH), but accumulation by rat and mouse hepatoma (HTC and NCTC) was not galactose dependent. Accumulation of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers by Hep G 2 was shown to be an active process, being inhibted by low temperature and by the metabolic inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol. Addition of N -acetylgalactosamine and polymer-galactose to the incubation medium regulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of accumulation of galactose-containing polymers. Addition of fucose or galactose was without effect at the concentrations used. Polymers bearing galactosamine or fucosyamine residues and, in addition, daunomycin were evallated for cytotoxicity against Hep G 2 and SAH. N -(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-bound daunomycin produced a dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis (measured by incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine), and the galactose-containing polymer showed greatest nhibition.
Study shows growing inequalities in health in Britain
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The inequalities in health between social classes are now the greatest yet recorded in British history, according to a study published this week. The study, by researchers at the University of Bristol, extends and updates the findings of the Black report to include data up to 1996. These show an even wider social class mortality gap than previously reported. The life expectancy gap between social class I and V is now 9.5 years for men and 6.4 years for women. The researchers used a novel geographical …
Scintigraphic Findings in Transplanted Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia
Authors: P J RYAN, S E M CLARKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 42-year-old man presented with a 16-year history of membranous nephropathy. Renal function gradually deteriorated and a cadaveric graft was transplanted from a 20-year-old man. At operation afused right and left kidney was found with I 2 feeding arteries and two ureters. This is the first description of scan appearances in this condition. There has been one report of a nonfused, crossed renal ectopia used in transplantation, but scintigraphy was not performed.
Localization of Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Hamster Buccal Pouch Epithelium Treated With 7,12-Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Dennis B. Solt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The utility of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was explored as a histochemical marker for chemical carcinogenesis in hamster buccal pouch mucosa. One or both buccal pouches of 18 noninbred male Syrian golden hamsters were treated topically with 0.5% 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in mineral oil over 16 weeks to produce numerous epithelial lesions at various stages of neoplastic development. Both buccal pouches of 4 control animals were similarly treated with mineral oil alone. At the completion of the DMBA treatment, patchy GGT histochemical activity was detected in areas of dysplasia and in 35 of 106 papillomas and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. GGT activity was not detectable in untreated pouches or pouches treated with mineral oil alone. In a separate experiment, Wholemounts of buccal pouch epithelium were used to detect and quantitate minute populations of GGT-stained cells induced in the epithelium by eight topical applications of DMBA over 4 weeks. With this technique, multiple discrete GGT-stained areas were visible in wholemounts prepared at 1 and 6 weeks after the final application of DMBA. The experimental results were consistent with the hypothesis that the early GGT-stained cell populations are preneoplastic in nature.
Clinical Effects of Hypnotics
Authors: Samuel Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1969)

An epidemiologic approach was used to examine the clinical effects of the four most commonly prescribed hypnotic drugs—chloral hydrate, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, secobarbital, and pentobarbital—in three Boston hospitals. This study was carried out within the context of a comprehensive drug surveillance program. Of 4,177 patients studied thus far, 2,045 (49%) were given one or more of the four drugs in the treatment of insomnia. When a judgment could be made, treatment with each of the four drugs was considered satisfactory in 60% to 80% of patients, and the frequencies of patients with adverse reactions varied between 1.8% and 5.1%. Major clinical reactions were infrequent, and all of the adverse reactions were followed by recovery. Among females who received secobarbital and pentobarbital, side effects were significantly associated with low body weight.
THE FIBROUS STRUCTURE OF THE NERVE AXON IN RELATION TO THE LOCALIZATION OF "NEUROTUBULES"
Authors: Francis O. Schmitt, Betty B. Geren
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

In squid, frog, rat, and human nerves examined in thin sections with the electron microscope the axon contains, in addition to certain other particulates, characteristic filaments. These filaments have diameters ranging from about 100 to 200 A and have indefinite length. They frequently have a nodose appearance due to the presence of discontinuities sometimes fairly regularly spaced along the filaments. This structure differs unmistakably from that of the dense-edged fibrils called "neurotubules" and it is clear that the latter are not axonic constituents. Though dense-edged fibrils can readily be demonstrated in fragmented formalin-fixed nerve preparations, they are seldom observed in thin sections. When such structures were seen in these experiments they were located in the connective tissue sheath. The present evidence offers no support for the view that "neurotubules" are structural entities of normal intact nerves.
Cutaneous xanthoma in association with paraproteinemia in the absence of hyperlipidemia.
Authors: K R Feingold, G R Castro, Y Ishikawa, P E Fielding, C J Fielding
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

In the present report we describe a patient with multiple myeloma and long-standing paraproteinemia who developed xanthoma in the absence of an elevation in plasma cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. Studies demonstrated that our patient's monoclonal IgG antibody interacted with apoprotein B-100. The LDL-antibody complex isolated from our patient did not affect the degradation of LDL by human fibroblasts, indicating that while IgG derived from our patient interacted with LDL it did not alter the metabolism of this lipoprotein by the LDL receptor pathway. Since the LDL receptor pathway is the major route of LDL metabolism, this probably explains why our patient was not hyperlipidemic. In contrast to an absence of effect on the LDL receptor, our patient's LDL-antibody complex stimulated cholesterol esterification within macrophages indicating the uptake and degradation of the LDL-antibody complex. The LDL-antibody complex inhibited the degradation of acetyl LDL by macrophages (scavenger pathway), demonstrating that our patient's LDL-antibody complex was recognized as a modified LDL. Moreover, mixing Ig from our patient with normal LDL also resulted in the normal LDL increasing the esterification of cholesterol by macrophages. One can hypothesize that our patient's monoclonal IgG-LDL complex interacted with the macrophage scavenger receptor, thereby resulting in the occurrence of xanthoma in the absence of hyperlipidemia.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study of oral pramiconazole in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor
Authors: Jan Faergemann, Gail Todd, Sandrakantha Pather, Zubar F.A. Vawda, John D. Gillies, Ted Walford, Charles Barranco, John N. Quiring, Manuel Briones
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
Primary Care vs Principal Care
Authors: Richard J. Reitemeier
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  The Federated Council for Internal Medicine wishes to express its concern about some of the definitions of patient  encounters used in the paper by Mendenhall et al (241:2180, 1979), wherein the term principal care may mistakenly be made equivalent to the previously defined, well-accepted term primary care.  The details of our concerns are published elsewhere (Ann Intern Med91:924-925, 1979) in response to the same use of the same definitions.
Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life
Authors: John H. Kvasnicka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 December 2002Careful Conversation about Care at the End of LifeJohn H. Kvasnicka, MDJohn H. Kvasnicka, MDSt. Joseph's Hospital; St. Paul, MN 55102Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00027-w2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Jansen and Sulmasy (1) present an excellent discussion of some of the ethical issues surrounding terminal sedation and refusal of nutrition and hydration. However, they consider each practice in isolation and do not discuss the ethical issues involved in combining them. The authors define terminal sedation as “sedation of the imminently dying” and note that its ethical use requires that sedation be a foreseen but unintended consequence of treatments to relieve intractable symptoms. Refusal of artificial nutrition and hydration is defined as the patient's voluntary refusal after considering the benefits and burdens of the therapy. Obviously, continued ...Reference1. Jansen LA, Sulmasy DP. Sedation, alimentation, hydration, and equivocation: careful conversation about care at the end of life. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:845-9. [PMID: 12044133] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Joseph's Hospital; St. Paul, MN 55102 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSedation, Alimentation, Hydration, and Equivocation: Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Lynn A. Jansen and Daniel P. Sulmasy Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Charles G. Sasser Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Timothy E. Quill Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Paul Rousseau Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Tatsuya Morita , Satoru Tsuneto , and Yasuo Shima Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Lynn A. Jansen and Daniel P. Sulmasy Physician Involvement in Voluntary Stopping of Eating and Drinking Bernard Gert , James L. Bernat , and R. Peter Mogielnicki Physician Involvement in Voluntary Stopping of Eating and Drinking Lynn A. Jansen and Daniel P. Sulmasy Metrics Cited byPhysician Reports of Terminal Sedation without Hydration or Nutrition for Patients Nearing Death in the NetherlandsJudith A.C. Rietjens, MSc, Agnes van der Heide, MD, PhD, Astrid M. Vrakking, MSc, Bregje D. Onwuteaka-Philipsen, PhD, Paul J. van der Maas, MD, PhD, and Gerrit van der Wal, MD, PhD 17 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 12Page: W2KeywordsEnd of life careNutritionSedationSuicide ePublished: 17 December 2002 Issue Published: 17 December 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Electrophysiologic and pathologic correlations in two cases of chronic second degree atrioventricular block with left bundle branch block.
Authors: S Bharati, M Lev, R C Dhingra, R Chuquimia, W D Towne, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1975)

This study concerns two cases of chronic 2 degrees atrioventricular (A-V) block with left bundle branch block (LBBB). Pathological studies included serial section of the conduction systems. Case 1 had type I 2 degrees block with LBBB. Electrophysiological studies revealed type I 2 degrees block proximal to the His bundle recording site and a prolonged H-V interval (60 msec). Pathologically there was a moderate to marked fibrosis of the approaches to the A-V node and of the A-V node, marked fibrosis of the left bundle branch, and moderate involvement of the right bundle branch. The changes proximal to the His bundle were more marked than the changes distal to this bundle. Case 2 had type II and 2:1 2 degrees A-V block with LBBB. Electrophysiologically the site of block was distal to the His bundle recording site, and there was a prolonged A-V node and severe involvement of both bundle branches. The changes distal to the His bundle were more severe than the changes proximal to the His bundle. This study reveals that the electrophysiologic data more closely approximated the pathologic findings than did surface electrocardiographic data alone. It also emphasizes that there may be multiple sites of disease in chronic 2 degrees block with bundle branch block.
Interferons overrule the TNF-induced proliferation of rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: M. Blits, S. de Ridder, T. C. G. Timmer, P. V. Kasperkovitz, A. M. Trujillo, B. van het Hof, T. C. T. M. van der Pouw Kraan, S. Vosslamber, T. de Jong, J. Wesseling, S. I. Gringhuis, C. L. Verweij
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferons (IFNs), which are abundantly present in the rheumatoid synovium, are thought to exert two opposing effects on RA pathology. We studied the opposing effects of IFNs and TNF on the proliferative capacity of rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). <h3>Methods</h3> IFN and/or TNF induced changes in FLS gene expression were measured by DNA-microarray analysis and data was analysed using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) and pathway analysis using PANTHER. Activation of STAT-1 was determined by immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. FLS proliferation was monitored by <sup>3</sup>H-thymidine incorporation. Apoptosis was determined by staining with Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI). Staining with PI was also used to analyse cell cycle distribution. Expression of GADD45β mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. <h3>Results</h3> Gene expression profiling of IFN-stimulated rheumatoid FLS provided evidence for inhibition of cell cycle regulation. Accordingly, IFN stimulation resulted in a &gt;50% decrease in DNA synthesis. The inhibitory effect was not due to induction of apoptosis but was shown to be the consequence of limited cell cycle progression due to accumulation of cells in G0/1 phase. The inhibitory effect overruled TNFα-induced cell cycle progression to G2/M phase and proliferation. This effect correlated with expression of the Growth-Arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible gene GADD45β. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These results indicate that IFN-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression in rheumatoid FLS overrules TNFα-induced proliferative effects. <h3>Funding</h3> This work has been supported by the EU Marie Curie Training Network (EURO-RA), the EU integrated program AUTOCURE, and CMSB (Netherlands Centre of Excellenc on Genomics Research)
Lymphocytotoxicity in mycosis fungoides
Authors: NORMAN M. PRICE, ANNA M. MIRKOVICH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

The phenomenon of lymphocytotoxicity was demonstrated in 29 patients with mycosis fungoides, using a newly described epithelial cell culture system and an isotope marker, 125Iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR). Lymphocytotoxicity was demonstrated in patients in the generalized plaque and the erythroderma phases of the disease (P is less than or equal to 0.05). No significant lymphocytotoxicity was demonstrable in patients who were in the limited plaque (early) phase of the disease. It is hypothesized that this demonstration of lymphocytotoxicity in patients may be a manifestation of a delayed hypersensitivity response to an as yet unidentified antigen in the epidermis.
Divergence Time of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Subtypes
Authors: Roald Forsberg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) recently emerged in domestic pigs of Western Europe and North America. Although time of emergence was identical on the two continents, genetic composition was markedly different with a clear geographical subtype structure, indicating that subtypes diverged in separate reservoirs prior to emergence. Genetic analyses have shown that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Western European isolates existed around 1980 and that these originate from Eastern European pigs. These findings are challenged by a study of Hanada et al. who place the MRCA of all PRRSV isolates around 1980 and find that no significant subtype divergence occurred before emergence. Here, I discuss problems of information content, methodology, and biological plausibility associated with this study. Using alternative methodology, I reanalyze the existing data and conclude that the MRCA of all PRRSV isolates existed around 1880, 100 years before the date estimated by Hanada et al.
Sensitivity and specificity of photography and direct ophthalmoscopy in screening for sight threatening eye disease: the Liverpool diabetic eye study
Authors: S P Harding, D M Broadbent, C Neoh, M C White, J Vora
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstrac</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate different methods for community based screening for sight threatening diabetic eye disease. <b>Design</b>: Prospective study. <b>Setting</b>: Mobile screening unit visiting inner city community clinics; hospital assessment clinic (tertiary centre). <b>Subjects</b>: 395 diabetic patients registered with four general practices in an inner city location. <b>Interventions</b>: Community based photography with mydriasis and direct ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils by an experienced ophthalmologist, both compared with reference standard of slit lamp biomicroscopy by a consultant specialist in medical retinal disease. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Sensitivity and specificity of screening method and prevalence of sight threatening diabetic eye disease (moderate preproliferative retinopathy, circinate maculopathy, exudate within 1 disc diameter of fixation, other diabetes related eye disease). <b>Results</b>: 358 subjects underwent photography, 326 attended hospital clinic for ophthalmoscopy, and six were ungradable on photographs and biomicroscopy, leaving 320 for analysis. Of these 295 (91%) attended clinic within four months of photography. Sensitivity of detection of eye disease by photography was 89% (95% confidence interval 80% to 98%), significantly better than for direct ophthalmoscopy (65% (51% to 79%)). Analysis of patients with false negative results indicated possible improvement of photographic sensitivity to 93% by addition of stereoscopic macular pair photographs. Specificity of detection of sight threatening eye disease was 86% (82% to 90%) for photography and 97% (95% to 99%) for direct ophthalmoscopy. <b>Conclusions</b>: Since high sensitivity is essential for an effective screening programme, a photographic method should be considered as preferred option in national, community based screening programmes. Even in the hands of an experienced ophthalmologist, direct ophthalmoscopy is limited by weaknesses inherent to the instrument.