tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychological Reaction to Sensory Deprivation in Patients with Ablatio Retinae
Authors: Hillel Klein, Rafael Moses
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

15 consecutive admissions for operation for ablatio retinae were studied three times pre and postoperatively to assess: the relationship between personality structure and eye disease on the one hand and reaction to the sensory deprivation and to the outcome of the operation on the other. The potential for use of psychotherapeutic intervention was also assessed. The threat of total blindness – temporary or permanent – aroused specific forms of anxiety related to loss of independence, of activity and to castration fears. Introversion was a natural response. The mode of thinking became pictorial – a further regressive phenomenon. Previous ego integration and degree of psychological disturbance were directly related. Three groups of patients showed consistent results in this respect. Case illustrations are provided and recommendations regarding clinical procedures are evolved on the basis of the study.
Platelet lipoxygenase defect (wien‐penzing defect) in two patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Helmut Sinzinger, Josef Kaliman, John O'Grady
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract In 2 male patients (35 and 38 years) presenting with myocardial infarction an abnormal conversion of exogenous 14C‐arachidonic acid by the patients' platelets, incubated in vitro, was observed. Neither patient's platelets showed evidence of a lipoxygenase pathway. Platelet thromboxane formation from exogenous and endogenous substrate was high, while the platelet aggregation responses were normal. A myeloproliferative syndrome was excluded by bone marrow puncture. Similar defects have only been described so far in patients with myeloproliferative syndrome. This defect may be causative for the onset of clinical thrombotic events. It is speculative whether in vivo therapy with r‐IFNα1c might be able to eradicate the pathological platelet clone.
Inhibition of the Late Phase Response to Anti-IgE in Humans by Indomethacin
Authors: R. GRÖNNEBERG, O. ZETTERSTRÖM
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The hypothesis of cyclooxygenase derivates of arachidonic acid as putative mediators of late phase skin reactions (LPR) was evaluated by studying the effect of indomethacin and naproxen on anti‐IgE elicited skin reactions in healthy volunteers. Indomethacin 50 mg t.i.d., 48 h prior to and up to 24 h following challenge with anti‐IgE 1/3300 (v/v), produced a slight attenuation of the flare response and a 35% inhibition of the LPR (P &lt; 0.05) at 1‐24 h as compared with placebo (n = 11). Naproxen, 250 mg, b.i.d. showed analogous anti‐LPR effect (n = 4, P &lt; 0.05). Intradermally (i.d.) injected indomethacin, 75 μg (7 × 10 −3 mol/1), attenuated the flare and LPR to anti‐IgE 1/330 at 1‐6 h (n = 12, P &lt; 0.01). Indomethacin, oral and i.d., enhanced the LPR to various dilutions of anti‐IgE in 30% of the individuals. The results suggest that prostaglandins and thromboxanes participate in the development of an LPR in human skin.
Localization of regional myocardial ischemia by recording of monophasic action potentials.
Authors: M R Franz, J T Flaherty, E V Platia, B H Bulkley, M L Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Identification of regional myocardial ischemia by TQ-ST segment mapping, while commonly used, is relatively imprecise and nonspecific. In 41 open-chest dogs we examined whether monophasic action potentials (MAPs) recorded from the myocardial surface by means of a new contact-electrode technique could be used to more precisely and specifically index regional myocardial ischemia. After ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), epicardial and endocardial MAPs from the ischemic region demonstrated shortening of plateau duration followed by a progressive loss in amplitude to 48 +/- 8% and in maximum upstroke velocity (dV/dtmax) to 9 +/- 2% of control (n = 7). Regional hyperkalemia produced by intracoronary injection of potassium chloride also resulted in regional decreases in duration, amplitude, and dV/dtmax of the MAP. Similar to previously reported effects on transmembrane action potentials, ischemia- or hyperkalemia-induced loss in MAP amplitude was due to decreases in both diastolic (negative) and systolic (positive) potential and paralleled TQ segment depression and "true" ST segment elevation in unipolar direct current-coupled electrograms recorded from an adjacent site. In eight canine hearts we compared the abilities of MAP recordings and TQ-ST segment measurements in defining a region of myocardial ischemia. Transmural ischemia with a sharp flow border was produced by LAD ligation and distal embolization with dental rubber. One hour later simultaneous MAP and TQ-ST mapping was performed in each dog at 45 to 65 epicardial sites inside and outside the ischemic region. TQ-ST voltage was significantly increased 10 to 20 mm outside the visible cyanotic border, reaching a maximum just inside the border and decreasing progressively toward the center of the ischemic region to values not significantly different from those from sites 10 mm outside the ischemic border. In contrast, MAP amplitude and dV/dtmax were normal up to 5 to 10 mm outside the cyanotic border, decreased sharply across a lateral transition zone of only 8 mm to 8.7 +/- 2.3% and 4.3 +/- 0.9% of control, respectively, at sites 4 to 6 mm inside the border, and were uniformly abnormal across the entire ischemic region. Recordings made 3 hr after LAD ligation revealed an overall decline in the magnitude of TQ-ST, making definition of the ischemic border by TQ-ST even less precise, whereas the differences between MAPs from normal and ischemic myocardium had become even more pronounced than after 1 hr. Thus, unlike TQ-ST segment measurements, MAP recordings uniquely define ischemic and nonischemic sites and more precisely localize the border of an ischemic region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Book: Drugs: Dilemmas and Choices Drug Use and Prisons: An International Perspective
Authors: K. Poikolainen
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Working party of the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal College of Physicians Gaskell £9.50 pp 291 ISBN 1 901242 44 7 Eds David Shewan, John B Davies Harwood Academic, £19, pp 256 ISBN 90 5823 004X Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>; ![Graphic][4]</img> Illicit psychoactive drugs agitate minds and arouse passions even among non-users. The public debate is dominated by high emotions, strong simplifications, and immutable views. It is therefore refreshing to read Drugs: Dilemmas and Choices , a lucidly written book summarising major research findings which discusses various policy options, ranging from trying to keep the status quo to different degrees of legalisation, and which keeps an open mind. > The drug problem is likely to be with us for some time The content of the book mirrors the multifaceted nature of the drug problem. After a brief presentation of the most important drugs, there is a historical overview of the recreational use of drugs and efforts to control their use, spanning from … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Criminal trial highlights Queensland's "archaic" abortion law
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Neurologists are among the least satisfied physicians with their current electronic health record (EHR), with many known pain points and great opportunities for improved tools and workflows. Improved EHR functionality can have major implications for patient care, physician efficiency, and prevention of burnout. We describe the advocacy of the American Academy of Neurology for improved EHR usability and the resultant formation and subsequent accomplishments of a Neurology Subspecialty Steering Board at 1 major EHR vendor (Epic).
Intravascular Sonotherapy Decreases Neointimal Hyperplasia After Stent Implantation in Swine
Authors: Peter J. Fitzgerald, Atsushi Takagi, M. Pauliina Moore, Motoya Hayase, Frank D. Kolodgie, Doug Corl, Menahem Nassi, Renu Virmani, Paul G. Yock
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Intimal hyperplasia and subsequent in-stent restenosis remain a major limitation after stent implantation. In vitro cell culture studies show that low-frequency, noncavitational ultrasound energy may impact smooth muscle cell proliferation. Accordingly, we assessed the efficacy of intravascular sonotherapy treatment on intimal hyperplasia in a swine stent model. Methods and Results —After balloon injury, biliary stents (Johnson &amp; Johnson) were implanted in the femoral arteries of 14 swine. A total of 48 stented sites were randomized to sonotherapy or sham treatment using a custom-built, 8-French catheter intravascular sonotherapy system ( URX , PharmaSonics Inc). After stent deployment, ultrasound energy (700 KHz) was applied to the treatment group for up to 5 minutes. Smooth muscle cell proliferation was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine histology preparation (BrdU) at 7 days in 28 stented sites. At 28 days, the neointimal thickness and the ratio of neointimal/stent area (percent stenosis) was calculated by histomorphometric quantification in 20 stented sites. At 7 days, percent of BrdU staining was significantly reduced in the sonotherapy group compared with the sham group (24.1±7.0% versus 31.2±3.0%, P &lt;0.05). At 28 days, percent stenosis was significantly less in the sonotherapy group than in the sham group (36±24% versus 44±27%, P &lt;0.05), and the mean neointimal thickness in the sonotherapy group was less than in the sham group (417±461 μm versus 643±869 μm, P =0.06). Conclusions —In this swine peripheral model, intravascular sonotherapy seemed to decelerate cellular proliferation and decrease in-stent hyperplasia. Therefore, intravascular sonotherapy may be an effective form of nonionizing energy to reduce in-stent restenosis.
IL-4 receptor polymorphisms predict reduction in asthma exacerbations during response to an anti–IL-4 receptor α antagonist
Authors: Rebecca E. Slager, Babatunde A. Otulana, Gregory A. Hawkins, Yu Ping Yen, Stephen P. Peters, Sally E. Wenzel, Deborah A. Meyers, Eugene R. Bleecker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Hospital is refused permission to withhold "futile" treatment if patient's condition deteriorates
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A High Court judge has refused to give a hospital trust caring for a man deemed minimally conscious by clinicians a declaration that it need not offer him “futile and burdensome” treatment if his condition deteriorated.

The unnamed trust wanted a declaration that it need not give David James, a 68 year old former musician, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, renal replacement treatment, or invasive support for chronic low blood pressure in an attempt to keep him alive.

But at the Court of Protection Mr Justice Peter Jackson refused the declaration, which was strongly opposed by James’s family. The judge said, “Although …
In dermographic urticaria H2 receptor antagonists have a small but therapeutically irrelevant additional effect compared with H1 antagonists alone
Authors: G.R. SHARPE, S. SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Two studies of the additional effect of an H2 receptor antagonist when given in combination with an H1 antagonist were undertaken in dermographic urticaria. Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design in 19 patients, a combination of cetirizine (10 mg at night) and ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) was compared with a combination of cetirizine (10 mg at night) and placebo. The addition of ranitidine did not produce any significant difference in linear analogue scores for weal, itch or sleep disturbance. There was a significant depression of the frictional force/wealing response curve with an increase in wealing threshold (P < 0.0001) following the addition of H2 blockade. The wealing threshold was 54.7 +/- 4.4 (mean +/- SEM) g/mm2 for the H1 antagonist alone, and 73.2 +/- 5.7 for the combination of H1 and H2 antagonists. In a second similar study involving nine different patients, comparing terfenadine (120 mg twice daily) with a combination of terfenadine and ranitidine (150 mg twice daily), the weal threshold was 59.8 +/- 6.6 for the H1 antagonist alone, and 73.0 +/- 6.4 for the combination of H1 and H2 antagonists. Thus, in dermographic urticaria, adding an H2 antagonist to treatment with a potent H1 antagonist gives a small, significant reduction in wealing response, but no symptomatic benefit. We conclude that involvement of the H2 receptor in this urticarial disease is minimal, and does not justify the use of H2 receptor antagonists.
Effect of Procaterol, a β2-adrenoceptor Agonist, on Proliferation of Airway Sensory C-fibers after Lipopolysaccharide Inhalation in Rats
Authors: T. Muto, M. Takeda, M. Miyake, M. Ohshima, K. Ito, T. Sakamoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of 3 Dose Regimens of Topical Sodium Nitrite With Citric Acid in Patients With Anogenital Warts
Authors: Anthony D. Ormerod, Pieter C. van Voorst Vader, Slovomir Majewski, Wolfgang Vanscheidt, Nigel Benjamin, Willem van der Meijden
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

IMPORTANCE Anogenital warts are a common disorder associated with significant physical and mental distress and a substantial cause of health care costs.OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of the topical application of nitric oxide delivered using acidified nitrite.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, randomized, controlled, dose-ranging clinical trial was conducted in European genitourinary medicine clinics between December 20, 2001, and January 14, 2003.Analysis was by intent to treat for all individuals initiating therapy.Participants included male and female volunteers older than 18 years with between 2 and 50 external anogenital warts.A total of 299 individuals from 40 centers were randomized to a control arm and a treatment arm that received 3 doses of acidified nitrite applied topically for 12 weeks with an additional 12 weeks of follow-up, with the final follow-up visit on January 14, 2003.INTERVENTIONS Placebo nitrite cream and placebo citric acid cream were applied twice daily.Active treatment was divided as low dose (sodium nitrite, 3%, with citric acid, 4.5%, creams applied twice daily), middle dose (sodium nitrite, 6%, with citric acid, 9%, creams applied once daily at night, with placebo applied in the morning), and high dose (sodium nitrite, 6%, with citric acid, 9%, creams applied twice daily). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was proportion of patients with complete clinical clearance of target warts; secondary outcomes were reduction in target wart area and safety. RESULTSComplete clinical clearance at 12 weeks occurred in 10 of 74 patients (14%; 95% CI, 6%-21%) with placebo; 11 of 72 (15%; 95% CI, 7%-24%) with low-dose treatment; 17 of 74 (23%; 95% CI, 13%-33%) with middle-dose treatment; and 22 of 70 (31%; 95% CI, 21%-42%) with high-dose treatment (P = .01).Reduction in target wart area, time to clearance, and patient and investigator assessments supported the superiority of the high-dose therapy vs placebo.There were no systemic or serious adverse events associated with treatment.However, there was a dose-related increase in itching, pain, edema, and staining of the anogenital skin associated with the active treatment.Overall, 21 patients withdrew from active treatment because of adverse events compared with none using placebo.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Use of sodium nitrite, 6%, with citric acid, 9%, twice daily is more effective than placebo in the treatment of anogenital warts.Treatment was associated with local irritant adverse effects.
Decreased Heat-Labile Opsonic Activity and Complement Levels Associated with Evidence of C3 Breakdown Products in Infected Pleural Effusions
Authors: Pablo D. Lew, Rudolf Zubler, Pierre Vaudaux, Jean J. Farquet, Francis A. Waldvogel, Paul-Henri Lambert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Heat-labile opsonic activity was measured simultaneously in serum and pleural fluid of patients with transudates, infectious exudates (with positive or negative bacterial culture) and neoplastic exudates, using two different complement-dependent phagocytic tests: the killing of Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 variant strain (K50 opsonic titers) and the assessment of ingestion rate of endotoxin-coated paraffin particles (Oil Red 0 uptake test). K50 opsonic titers were lower in culture-positive pleural effusions as compared to culture-negative (P < 0.002) or neoplastic effusions (P < 0.002). These results were corroborated by the Oil Red 0 uptake test. The data obtained with the two assays showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001). The hemolytic activity of complement (CH50) as well as the levels of C3 breakdown product, C3d, were measured in the same sera and pleural fluid samples and in an additional group of patients with pleural effusions of the same etiology. Effusions with positive cultures showed lower CH50 values (P < 0.01) and higher C3d values (P < 0.05) when compared to culture-negative pleural fluids. Finally, evidence for immune complexes in pleural effusions and sera was looked for by determination of Clq binding activity. Levels were higher in culture-positive effusions when compared to culture-negative fluids (P = 0.005).K50 opsonic titers showed a positive correlation with CH50 values (P < 0.001) for all fluids tested. Similarly Clq binding activity correlated with C3d levels in effusions of infectious origin (P = 0.05). Recovery experiments using the various bacterial species isolated from culture-positive pleural effusions showed evidence of complement inactivation upon incubation with pooled sera at concentrations of 10(7)-10(8) microorganisms/ml. These results indicate that one important reason for bacterial persistence in empyema may be decreased opsonization secondary to local consumption of complement.
Human circulating eosinophils secrete macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Potential role in asthma.
Authors: A G Rossi, C Haslett, N Hirani, A P Greening, I Rahman, C N Metz, R Bucala, S C Donnelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a potent proinflammatory mediator that has been shown to potentiate lethal endotoxemia and to play a potentially important regulatory role in human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We have investigated whether eosinophils are an important source of MIF and whether MIF may be involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. Unstimulated human circulating eosinophils were found to contain preformed MIF. Stimulation of human eosinophils with phorbol myristate acetate in vitro yielded significant release of MIF protein. For example, eosinophils stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (100 nM, 8 h, 37 degreesC) released 1,539+/-435 pg/10(6) cells of MIF, whereas unstimulated cells released barely detectable levels (< 142 pg/10(6) cells, mean+/-SEM, n = 8). This stimulated release was shown to be (a) concentration- and time-dependent, (b) partially blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and (c) significantly inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitor Ro-31,8220. In addition, we show that the physiological stimuli C5a and IL-5 also cause significant MIF release. Furthermore, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from asthmatic patients contains significantly elevated levels of MIF as compared to nonatopic normal volunteers (asthmatic, 797.5+/-92 pg/ml; controls, 274+/-91 pg/ml). These results highlight the potential importance of MIF in asthma and other eosinophil-dependent inflammatory disorders.
Screening in Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Atlanta Workshop
Authors: Charles A Herron
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

A Diabetes Screening Workshop was held in Atlanta, Georgia, May 15–17, 1978, which was sponsored by the Center for Disease Control, the American Diabetes Association, and the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases. The workshop formulated the following recommendations for the use of screening procedures in diabetes mellitus from a community control viewpoint: (1) screening for asymptomatic glucose intolerance should be done among pregnant women as part of a well-coordinated program to decrease perinatal morbidity and mortality; (2) screening programs to detect asymptomatic glucose intolerance per se are not recommended as health services in nonpregnant populations; (3) screening for diabetes or its complications for research purposes should be done only as part of well-designed studies focusing on identification of predictive factors, implementation and effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures, descriptive epidemiology in selected populations, dynamic and economic factors of the medical care system related to case detection and management, and the nature and effects of screening processes; (4) information and education programs for health care providers, parents, and the general public should be implemented to bring about increased awareness of the clinical signs and symptoms of diabetes; and (5) all persons known to have diabetes should be evaluated regularly for the detection and management of the common chronic complications of the disease.
IMPACT OF TRAINING CHARACTERISTICS ON RUNNING-RELATED INJURIES IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS
Authors: L Malisoux, A Urhausen, D Theisen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Most running-related injuries (RRI) are attributed to training errors. Objective This study investigated which running training characteristics are potential risk factors for RRI. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Recreational distance runners. Participants A total of 267 participants accepted to upload weekly all information about running training characteristics, other sport participation and injuries on a dedicated internet platform. Risk factor assessment This 9-month follow-up investigated if the risk for RRI was influenced by some of the following running training characteristics: weekly volume (hours/week), weekly frequency (session/week), self-reported session intensity (CR10-Borg Scale), week-to-week absolute change in distance (km/week) and the concomitant use of different pairs of shoes (parallel use of a minimum of 2 different pairs of running shoes). Main outcome measurements The primary outcome measure was total volume (hours) of running training and competitions (exposure) until the first RRI (Cox regression analyses). A RRI was defined as any physical complaint located at the lower limbs or lower back region, sustained during or as a result of running practice and impeding planned running activity for at least 1 day. Results Overall, 89 participants (33%) recorded an RRI. The total incidence was 6.05 injuries per 1000h of exposure. The adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed that participants who practiced more than 2 hours/week were at a lower risk of RRI (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.539; 95% Confident interval (CI): 0.295-0.986) even when controlling for running experience and training regularity during the previous 12 months. The parallel use of more than one pair of running shoes (HR=0.600; 95% CI=0.369–0.975) and the week-to-week absolute change in distance (HR: 0.882; 68% CI: 0.836–0.931) were also protective factors, while previous injury was a risk factor (HR=1.841; 95% CI=1.185–2.860). Conclusions This study identified training characteristics which are related to RRI risk.