tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale “Expert” Mortality Surveys in Conflicts—Concerns and Recommendations
Authors: Paul B. Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acid-Base Status During the Interdialytic Period in Patients Maintained with Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: BARRY J. ROSENBAUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The changes in blood pH, PCO2, and plasma bicarbonate were evaluated during the interdialytic period in 16 studies of 14 patients with chronic renal failure treated with maintenance hemodialysis. Arterial pH levels rose in all patients at the end of dialysis, and in half the patients frank alkalemia (pH > 7.46) was observed within the first 24 hr. The mean PCO2 values were low (less than 36 mm Hg) and did not vary significantly throughout the entire period of observation. There was an increase in plasma bicarbonate in all patients; plasma bicarbonate levels were highest at the end of dialysis in eight studies, whereas in the remaining eight the peak bicarbonate value occurred 6 to 12 hr after completion of dialysis. These results indicate that a constant hyperventilatory state exists during the entire interdialytic period in most patients. The rise in plasma bicarbonate with the sustained hyperventilation underlies the alkalemia. The data further suggest that there may be a delay in acetate metabolism in some of the patients treated with chronic hemodialysis.
Imatinib mesylate‐sensitive blast crisis immediately after discontinuation of imatinib mesylate therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia: Report of two cases
Authors: Takehiro Higashi, Junichi Tsukada, Chiaki Kato, Atsushi Iwashige, Takamitsu Mizobe, Shinichiro Machida, Hiroaki Morimoto, Ryosuke Ogawa, Yoko Toda, Yoshiya Tanaka
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Although imatinib mesylate has shown encouraging activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), disease progression during therapy has been observed, manifested by clonal expansion of imatinib mesylate‐resistant leukemia cells. On the other hand, myelosuppression related to treatment of imatinib mesylate is often managed with temporary interruption of treatment or dose reduction. We here report two CML patients who had imatinib mesylate‐sensitive blast crisis (BC) immediately after discontinuation of imatinib mesylate therapy. The patients discontinued therapy because of neutropenia. Although there was no evidence of blastic phase during therapy, BC occurred 2 weeks after the withdrawal of treatment in both cases. Interestingly, additional chromosomal abnormalities were detected following the withdrawal of imatinib mesylate and disappeared by re‐introduction of this agent. The same doses of imatinib mesylate was still effective and remission was sustained with imatinib mesylate alone again. Our report suggests the possibility that withdrawal of imatinib mesylate may lead to proliferation of blast clones even in patients showing good responses to imatinib mesylate without signs of disease progression. Am. J. Hematol. 76:275–278, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Administration of Fluorouracil
Authors: R. J. Reitemeier, Charles G. Moertel
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —This letter is written to challenge the conclusions drawn by Dr. Lemon and associates in their article "Decreased Intoxication by Fluorouracil When Slowly Administered in Glucose" (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:1012 [Sept 28] 1963). Since acceptance of the conclusions of these authors could lead to widespread "office practice" use of this method of treatment, we felt it important that a negative view of this means of therapy be presented to your readers. Lemon and associates have implied that the slow administration of fluorouracil in glucose is comparable in therapeutic effectiveness to the more commonly employed rapid injection method. Their comments are based on their results in treatment of patients with a variety of neoplasms. In many of these patients the results are invalidated for comparative purposes by simultaneous antineoplastic therapy with radiation, hormones, or fluorouracil administered orally as well as intravenously. They compare these results of the slow intravenous
Permanent Discoloration of Primary Dentition by Nitrofurantoin
Authors: J. S. Ball, A. W. Ferguson
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Permanent Discoloration of Primary Dentition by NitrofurantoinWe record the case history of an infant whose erupting teeth have been stained a permanent bright yellow by orally administered nitrofurantoin.This undesirable effect of the drug does not seem to have been reported before.Our findings suggest that there is a risk of permanent staining whenever nitrofurantoin is allowed repeatedly to contact erupting teeth. CASE HISTORYA male infant aged 16 days was admitted to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, on March 29, 1960, because of increasing pallor.The haemoglobin was only 4.8 g./100 ml., and tests on mother and child proved the diagnosis of haemolytic disease due to rhesus incompatibility.The infant had shown only slight jaundice between the third and sixth days of life.Blood transfusions were given on March 29 and April 20, but at 3 months of age the infant was readmitted because of anaemia (Hb 8.3 g. /100 ml.), pyrexia, and increasing enlargement of liver and spleen.No infec- tion could be found, but a fine nodular rash and enlarged peripheral lymph nodes developed.Polymorphonuclear leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and purpura were present.Various antibiotics (including tetracycline for 14 days) were without effect.A skin biopsy (August 1) showed " infiltration of the same type as in Letterer-Siwe disease" (Dr. A. R. Macgregor).There was a dramatic response to prednisolone (10 mg.b.d.) started at the age of 5 months and continued in smaller dosage until the age of 17 months.However, the early phase of recovery was marred by two urinary infections.On both occasions enterococci, sensitive only to chlor- amphenicol and nitrofurantoin, were cultured from the urine.The first infection responded to chloramphenicol, but when relapse occurred nitrofurantoin was begun on October 24 in a dose of 12.5 mg.six-hourly (8 mg./kg./day)orally as crushed tablets.The urinary infection was controlled within seven days, but it was then thought wise to continue the nitrofurantoin prophylactically in a dose of 12.5 mg.b.d. in view of the previous relapse and the special need to keep this infant free of infection.The total period of administration was 68 days between the seventh and ninth months of life.At the age of 1 year the baby no longer showed any clinical or haematological abnormality.However, when seen at the age of 141 months it was noticed that his four
Absence of the Odontoid Process
Authors: Geoffrey T. Mann, Hampton R. Bates, Heinz H. Karnitschnig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ABSENCE of the odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra has been reported infrequently since the original description by Roberts.1 We have collected 19 cases from the literature1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 and are reporting an additional case. The diagnosis is most often made by the radiologist, but the symptomatology and treatment make the condition of interest to neurologists and neurosurgeons.Case ReportA 59-year-old Negro died at home without medical attendance and was found by a neighbor. The medical examiner investigated the death but was unable to obtain a reliable history concerning the circumstances of death or the past state of health . . .
B lymphocyte reconstitution after human bone marrow transplantation. Leu-1 antigen defines a distinct population of B lymphocytes.
Authors: J H Antin, K A Ault, J M Rappeport, B R Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Differences in the expression of Leu-1 (CD5) define two populations of recovering B cells after human marrow transplantation, Leu-1+ and Leu-1- B cells. The Leu-1+ B cells were polyclonal, of donor origin, and did not express detectable interleukin 2 receptor. Leu-1+ B cells generally appeared 2-4 wk after marrow grafting and often preceded the recovery of Leu-1- B cells. Acute and chronic graft vs. host disease (GvHD) resulted in the recovery of significantly fewer Leu-1+ B cells, whereas Leu-1- B cells were only decreased in acute GvHD. Multivariate analysis showed no significant effect of age, disease, prednisone or azathioprine, or ex vivo treatment of the marrow with anti-Leu-1 and complement on recovery of Leu-1+ and Leu-1- B cells, independent of the effects of GvHD. Leu-1+ B cells are a major lymphocyte population posttransplant. They may reflect a stage of differentiation of normal B cells or a separate B cell lineage.
A Five-Gene Hedgehog Signature Developed as a Patient Preselection Tool for Hedgehog Inhibitor Therapy in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Yaping Shou, Douglas M. Robinson, Dereck D. Amakye, Kristine L. Rose, Yoon-Jae Cho, Keith L. Ligon, Thad Sharp, Asifa S. Haider, Raj Bandaru, Yuichi Ando, Birgit Geoerger, François Doz, David M. Ashley, Darren R. Hargrave, Michela Casanova, Hussein A. Tawbi, Jordi Rodon, Anne L. Thomas, Alain C. Mita, Tobey J. MacDonald, Mark W. Kieran
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Distinct molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma, including hedgehog (Hh) pathway-activated disease, have been reported. We identified and clinically validated a five-gene Hh signature assay that can be used to preselect patients with Hh pathway-activated medulloblastoma.Gene characteristics of the Hh medulloblastoma subgroup were identified through published bioinformatic analyses. Thirty-two genes shown to be differentially expressed in fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples and reproducibly analyzed by RT-PCR were measured in matched samples. These data formed the basis for building a multi-gene logistic regression model derived through elastic net methods from which the five-gene Hh signature emerged after multiple iterations. On the basis of signature gene expression levels, the model computed a propensity score to determine Hh activation using a threshold set a priori. The association between Hh activation status and tumor response to the Hh pathway inhibitor sonidegib (LDE225) was analyzed.Five differentially expressed genes in medulloblastoma (GLI1, SPHK1, SHROOM2, PDLIM3, and OTX2) were found to associate with Hh pathway activation status. In an independent validation study, Hh activation status of 25 medulloblastoma samples showed 100% concordance between the five-gene signature and Affymetrix profiling. Further, in medulloblastoma samples from 50 patients treated with sonidegib, all 6 patients who responded were found to have Hh-activated tumors. Three patients with Hh-activated tumors had stable or progressive disease. No patients with Hh-nonactivated tumors responded.This five-gene Hh signature can robustly identify Hh-activated medulloblastoma and may be used to preselect patients who might benefit from sonidegib treatment.
Full moon and crime.
Authors: C P Thakur, D Sharma
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The incidence of crimes reported to three police stations in different towns (one rural, one urban, one industrial) was studied to see if it varied with the day of the lunar cycle. The period of the study covered 1978-82. The incidence of crimes committed on full moon days was much higher than on all other days, new moon days, and seventh days after the full moon and new moon. A small peak in the incidence of crimes was observed on new moon days, but this was not significant when compared with crimes committed on other days. The incidence of crimes on equinox and solstice days did not differ significantly from those on other days, suggesting that the sun probably does not influence the incidence of crime. The increased incidence of crimes on full moon days may be due to "human tidal waves" caused by the gravitational pull of the moon.
Further Observations on the Activation and Inhibition of Lipoprotein Lipase by Apolipoproteins
Authors: RONALD M. KRAUSS, PETER N. HERBERT, ROBERT I. LEVY, DONALD S. FREDRICKSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

ApoC-II was the only apolipoprotein from human very low density lipoprotein that activated rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Activation was blocked by antiserum against apoC-II. Addition of increasing amounts of activator did not alter the apparent K m of lipoprotein lipase (0.32 mM triolein), but it did produce a progressive increase in the apparent V max from 0.8 to 2.2 µmoles free fatty acid/mg hour -1 . Substrate concentrations above 1.27 mM triolein diminished activation by 0.25-5.0 µg/ml of apoC-II as much as 20%. Reversal of this apparent substrate inhibition was achieved by increasing the activator concentration to 50.0 µg/ml. Each of five nonactivating apolipoproteins-apoC-I, C-III-1, C-III-2, A-I, and A-II-inhibited lipoprotein lipase up to 85-100%. ApoC-II also produced less inhibition under appropriate conditions. Inhibition was dependent on apoprotein concentration, inversely related to substrate triglyceride concentration, and unobserved with nonlipoprotein proteins. The inhibitory capacity of the nonactivating apolipoproteins was about the same, was independent of apoC-II concentration, and occurred when the ratio of nonactivator apoprotein to triglyceride exceeded 3% (w/w). It is possible that these apoproteins function partly to modulate the hydrolysis of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase.
Nonidentical Twins with a Single Placenta — Disproving Dogma in Perinatal Pathology
Authors: Raymond W. Redline
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Generations of trainees have been taught that monochorionic twin placentas are monozygotic. A report by Souter et al. in this issue of the Journal (pages 154–158) invalidates this simple rule by convincingly demonstrating the association of a monochorionic placenta with dizygotic twins. A brief review of the current understanding of twin pregnancy may help to put this new finding into perspective.Dizygotic, or fraternal, twins develop from two separate fertilized eggs, whereas monozygotic, or identical, twins are derived from a single fertilized egg that has divided to form separate embryos (see Figure). The rate of monozygotic twinning is relatively stable . . .
How the brain decides what we see
Authors: J. Smythies
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Until recently it was thought that vision shows us what is actually 'out there' at any moment. It was supposed that all the images printed on the retina are coded and transmitted to the cortex; thus every detail of our visual experience would mirror faithfully the ongoing events in the stimulus field. The first clues that things are not that simple came from clinical investigations by Ramachandran and others.1 These showed that visual scotomata are not experienced as blank areas in the visual field but that the brain fills them in with (hallucinatory) sensations that the brain computes would most probably have been in this locus if there had been no scotoma. Clearly the brain mechanisms responsible for this 'filling in' were not evolved merely to fill in scotomata. They must have some wider function. Next, experiments in visual psychology have revealed that the brain will often construct sensations that override the visual input if the brain judges that the latter is too improbable. A notable example is reported by Kovacs et al.2 These workers took two photographs, one of a monkey's face and the second of a leafy tropical jungle. They converted these into two pastiches each composed of portions of each photo so that in the location where one photo showed part of the monkey's face the other showed leafy jungle. Then each pastiche was shown separately to each retina so that retinal rivalry occurred. Under these circumstances, the subject did not see what was actually there—i.e., the two pastiches alternating—but rather a complete monkey face alternating with a complete leafy jungle. Clearly the brain had suppressed the improbable mixed pastiche in favour of what it was familiar with (and thus computed what was more probable).
Last Aid: The Medical Dimensions of Nuclear War
Authors: Gordon K. MacLeod
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Several chapters in<i>Last Aid</i>warrant the attention of the medical profession, but, as with many edited volumes, it suffers from repetition and variations in style. An excellent chapter excerpted from the<i>Effects of Nuclear War</i>by the Office of Technology Assessment describes as accurately as possible what is known and not known about acute biologic effects following a nuclear explosion. A major shortcoming of this outstanding chapter is that it simply mentions long-term effects and does not explore them further; however, the reader is referred to another chapter for a more definitive explanation. Jack Geiger's chapter on the "Medical Effects on a City in the United States" is also well written. It integrates the social, physical, and environmental impact and focuses these effects on urban population centers. Other chapters directing the reader's attention to large cities, such as London and Tokyo, are somewhat repetitive. John Constable's chapter on "Burn
Efficacy and Safety of Ibutilide Fumarate for the Conversion of Atrial Arrhythmias After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: James T. VanderLugt, Thomas Mattioni, Stephen Denker, David Torchiana, Thomas Ahern, Linda K. Wakefield, Kimberly T. Perry, Peter R. Kowey
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Atrial arrhythmias occur commonly after cardiac surgery and are a cause of significant morbidity and increased hospital costs, yet there is no well-studied treatment strategy to deal with them expeditiously. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of ibutilide fumarate, an approved drug for the rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation and flutter, in patients after cardiac surgery. Patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter occurring 1 to 7 days after surgery and lasting 1 hour to 3 days were randomized to receive two 10-minute blinded infusions of placebo or 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg of ibutilide fumarate. Treatment was considered successful if sinus rhythm was restored for any period of time by hour 1.5. A total of 302 patients were randomized, 201 with fibrillation and 101 with flutter. Treatment with ibutilide resulted in significantly higher conversion rates than placebo, and efficacy was dose related (placebo 15%; ibutilide 0.25 mg 40%, 0.5 mg 47%, and 1.0 mg 57%). Conversion rates at all doses were higher for atrial flutter than for atrial fibrillation. Mean time to conversion decreased as the dose was increased. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was the most serious adverse effect and occurred in 1.8% of the ibutilide-treated patients compared with 1.2% of patients who received placebo. Ibutilide is a useful and safe treatment alternative for the atrial arrhythmias that occur after cardiac surgery.
Instinct and Action
Authors: Thayer A. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It was a situation that neither medical school nor hospital training had prepared me for, although the current crop of medical students are probably better primed. I was only in my second year of private practice in a small group and seeing a new patient, a woman, who had brought in a 3-year-old foster child for some minor, long-forgotten illness. It is understandable that many tots seeing a doctor in a white coat for the first time are somewhat fearful and inclined to tears, and she fulfilled my expectation. However, I quickly sensed the foster mother's cold air of hostility toward the child. To assert her authority, the mother picked up the child from the examining table several times and slammed her down vigorously, yelling at her to be quiet. The child responded heroically, stifling her sobs, apparently fearful of the consequences if she did not. I had no trouble
A mechanistic rationale for MEK inhibitor therapy in myeloma based on blockade of MAF oncogene expression
Authors: Christina M. Annunziata, Lidia Hernandez, R. Eric Davis, Adriana Zingone, Laurence Lamy, Lloyd T. Lam, Elaine M. Hurt, Arthur L. Shaffer, W. Michael Kuehl, Louis M. Staudt
Journal: Blood (2010)
Addisonian Crisis While Taking High-Dose Glucocorticoids
Authors: Thomas P. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The diagnosis of acute hypoadrenalism seldom is considered in patients without known adrenal insufficiency who are taking supraphysiologic amounts of glucocorticoids. We report two patients who presented in acute addisonian crisis on more than one occasion while taking high doses of glucocorticoids (30 to 40 mg of prednisone daily) for underlying inflammatory disease (recurrent pleuropericarditis and sarcoidosis). Evidence of severe mineralocorticoid deficiency was present in each patient, and the conditions of both improved remarkably when mineralocorticoid was added to their regimens. The cause of primary adrenal failure and its acute presentation was unclear in both patients but is presumed to be related to the underlying inflammatory disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2082-2084)
Noninvasive doppler echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with cardiomyopathies: A simultaneous doppler echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization study
Authors: Rick A. Nishimura, Christopher P. Appleton, Margaret M. Redfield, Duane M. Ilstrup, David R. Holmes, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
TCTAP A-089 Risk of Stent Fracture, Longitudinal Compression, and In-stent Restenosis After the First- and Second-generation Drug-eluting Stent Implantation: Evaluation Using Coronary CT Angiography
Authors: Dong Hyun Yang, Young-Hak Kim, Mi Sun Chung, Jung-Min Ahn, Jong-Young Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Joon-Won Kang, Tae Hwan Lim, Seung-Jung Park, Won-jang Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)