tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transplantation, plasticity, and the aging host
Authors: David L. Felten
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Neural transplantation as a recovery strategy for neuro-degenerative diseases in humans has used mainly grafting following acute denervation strategies in young adult hosts. Our work in aged mice and rats demonstrates an age-related increase in susceptibility to oxidative damage from neurotoxins, a remarkably poor recovery of C57BL/6 mice from MPTP insult with transplantation and growth factors, even at 12 months of age, and diminished plasticity of host neurons. We believe that extrapolation of data from young adult animal models to aged humans without thorough investigation of transplantation and host response in aged recipients is scientifically and ethically inappropriate.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Refractive Errors in the Singapore Malay Eye Survey
Authors: Seang-Mei Saw, Yiong-Huak Chan, Wan-Ling Wong, Anoop Shankar, Mya Sandar, Tin Aung, Donald T.H. Tan, Paul Mitchell, Tien Yin Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
GPs asked to do more for drug misusers
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

More GPs need to get involved in providing care for drug misusers if the government's plans to overhaul and expand current drug rehabilitation services are going to succeed, the Audit Commission has said.

Although some drug treatment services are excellent, these are thin on the ground, the report says. Most services are poorly organised, offer only limited treatments, and are understaffed. Many have such long waiting lists that more than half …
Immunogenicity and antigenicity of a partially hydrolyzed cow's milk infant formula
Authors: G. Chirico, A. Gasparoni, L. Ciardelli, M. De Amici, A. Colombo, G. Rondini
Journal: Allergy (1997)

We evaluated the immunogenicity and antigenicity of a formula based on partially hydrolyzed cow's milk whey protein in infants at risk of atopy and in controls. Total IgE and specific IgE, IgG, and IgG4 subclass antibodies against egg albumin and cow's milk α‐lactalbumin, casein, and β‐lactoglobulin were measured by radioimmunoassay of cord blood and of peripheral blood at 5 days and 6 months of life in five groups of infants: 16 breast‐fed infants at risk of atopy (group 1), 21 partially hydrolyzed whey formula‐fed infants at risk of atopy (group 2), 14 formula‐fed infants at risk of atopy (group 3), 10 breast‐fed control infants (group 4), and 13 formula‐fed control infants (group 5). Total IgE concentration was significantly lower in group 2 at 6 months than in groups 3 and 5 infants and similar to that observed in groups 1 and 4 infants. The concentration of specific antiegg and anti‐cow's milk protein IgG and of specific anti‐cow's milk α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin IgG4 subclass antibodies was significantly reduced in group 2 as compared to group 3 infants and similar to that found in breastfed infants. In conclusion, the partially hydrolyzed formula was less immunogenic and antigenic than a traditional formula and was as immunogenic and antigenic as breast milk.
Onset of spermatogenesis is accelerated by gestational administration of 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexachlorinated naphthalene in male rat offspring.
Authors: M Omura, Y Masuda, M Hirata, A Tanaka, Y Makita, R Ogata, N Inoue
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We treated pregnant rats with 1 microg/kg body weight/day 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexachlorinated naphthalene (1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCN) on days 14-16 of gestation and examined the effects on the reproductive systems of their male offspring at various phases of sexual maturation. Sperm count in the cauda epididymidis did not change in 1,2,3,4,6, 7-HxCN-treated rats on postnatal day 89, the age of sexual maturity, but the sperm count in the cauda epididymidis did increase to approximately 180% of the control value on postnatal day 62. In addition, homogenization-resistant testicular spermatids increased to approximately 160% of the control value on postnatal day 48, and the percent of postmeiotic tubules increased to approximately 190% of the control value on postnatal day 31 in this group. These results indicate that the onset of spermatogenesis was accelerated in the 1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCN rats. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) had already reached the maximum level on postnatal day 31 in the 1,2,3,4,6, 7-HxCN group, suggesting that the onset of LH and FSH secretions from the pituitary gland was also accelerated and that this endocrine disruption was the cause of early onset of spermatogenesis in this group. In the fat of 1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCN-treated dams, 5.75+/-2.81 ppb 1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCN was detected when offspring were weaned. This concentration was 5-10 times higher than that found in human adipose tissue.
Carcinoma of breast in males in Turkey: a Turkish oncology group study.
Authors: Y Bolukbasi, S Kucucuk, A Aydin, O Yetmen, A Haydaroglu
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4132 Purpose: Compared to breast carcinoma in women breast carcinoma in males is frequent and information in males is limited. The aim of this multicentric study is to evaluate the treatment results of male patients with breast cancer treated in cancer centers in Turkey.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Between 1973-2006, 167 male breast cancer patients who were treated, analyzed retrospectively respect to clinical presentation, treatment, survival and prognostic factors. Median age was 61 (range: 32-90), 51.5% were found in right breast. Majority of the tumors were occured in the central(36.5%) and upper outer quadrant (32.9%). Except one patient, all of them underwent mastectomy. Stage distrubution was as follows; Stage I 9%, Stage II 34.7 %, stage III 44.9%, stage IV 4.8% and 11 patients (6.6%) can not be staged due to Tx or Nx status. The most common histologic type was invasive ductal carcinoma (89.8%). Contralateral breast cancer developed in 3 patients. Of the patients 81.4% (136) received adjuvan radiotherapy for the whole breast and also to the periferial lymphatics for patients carrying high risk factors. Median total dose was 50 Gy with a daily fraction dose of 2 Gy. Five patients were treated with radiotherapy due to recurrences, 3 patients were treated for metastases and one patient was treated for curative intent. Radiation therapy was not given to 22 patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy were used in 83 and 70 patients, respectively.&amp;#x2028; Results: During a median follow-up duration of 66 months (range: 1-237 months) . Isolated local-regional recurrence and distant metastases were observed in 13.2% and 34.1% of cases, respectively. Five-years overall survival, disease free survival and local control were, 66.1%, 63.4%, 89%, respectively. The prognostic factors influencing overall survival were presence of positive axillary lymp node (p=0.000), T stage (p=0.000), lymph node ratio (&amp;gt;50%) (p=0.001), AJCC stage (p=0.000), skin invasion (p=0.00), nipple invasion (p=0.027) and blood vessel invasion (0.006) in the univariate analysis. In the multivarian analysis, the only prognostic factor which has impact on overall survival was AJCC stage (p=0.023). No prognostic factor was found to be significant for disease free survival and local control.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: In the present study positive axillary lymp node, T stage, Lymph node ratio (&amp;gt;50%), AJCC stage (p=0.000), skin invasion, nipple invasion and blood vessel invasion were the significant prognostic factors for overall survival. In absence of prospective randomised trials, retrospective review data from multi-centre approaches are necessary and this can provide useful guidelines for understanding the biology of breast cancer in males. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4132.
Cot death linked to prolonged QT interval
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Most cases of the sudden infant death syndrome can be traced to an anomaly of cardiac conduction and ventricular repolarisation known as a prolonged QT interval, according to the largest study ever carried out on the syndrome.

Over 19 years Dr Peter John Schwartz, a cardiologist from the University of Pavia in Italy, and colleagues recorded electrocardiograms on 34442 neonates on day 3 or 4 after birth (New England Journal of Medicine 1998;338:1709-14). The newborns were followed for a year. One year follow up data were available for 33034 of the infants: 34 deaths occurred, of which 24 were attributed to the sudden infant death syndrome.

Most of …
Christiaan Barnard: his first transplants and their impact on concepts of death
Authors: R. Hoffenberg
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The death of Christiaan Barnard has revived some personal memories.More importantly, it reminds us that his operations at the end of 1967 initiated the production of a set of legal and philosophical justifications for the removal of a beating heart from a prospective donor.Thirty four years later they remain a topic of controversy.The British cardiac team led by Donald Ross (centre) after their copycat transplantation CORBIS
An Address ON THE RATIONAL PUERPERIUM: Delivered before the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society
Authors: J. W. Ballantyne
Journal: BMJ (1910)

History.-Since the age of 13 years he has had frequent attacks of pain in the left side, accompanied by irritability of the bladder, and occasionally bv haematuria.Daring the last few months the attacks had recurred almost daily.His urine was acid, and contained an appreciable amount of blood.Skiagrams of the abdomen and pelvis revealed the shadows of three calculi, close together, in the pelvic portion of the right ureter, and a less clearly defined shadow of a calculus in the left ureter.On being closely questioned he now admitted that occasionally he had felt slight discomfort in the right side, but was emphatic that the severe pain had always been in the left side.A dia- gnosis of bilateral ureteral calculi was arrived at, and the abdomen was explored.The three calculi in the riaht ureter were without difficulty pushed up to a point above the pelvic brim and removed.After closing the wound in the ureter and suturing the peritoneum over it the left ureter was examined, but no stone could be found.The cause of the shadow on the left bide was eventually traced to a calcified mesenteric gland situated in the mesentery.The abdomen was closed without drainage, and aseptic healing resulted.He has had no return of his pain, and has gone back to his work.Morris has called attention to the remarkable fact that occasionally the pain induced by a renal calculus may be referred to the opposite side of the body, and there can be no doubt that this case is an instance of the phenomenon as applied to the ureters.
Cleansing the Fatherland: Nazi Medicine and Racial Hygiene
Authors: Robert N. Proctor
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Between 1940 and 1945, German physicians, orderlies, and nurses deliberately killed about 200 000 of their patients in an effort to eliminate "lives unworthy of living" from German hospitals. Victims of the operation included most of the nation's severely mentally ill and physically handicapped, but also many epileptics, sick foreign workers, maladjusted adolescents, sufferers from shell shock, and perhaps even some of the war-wounded soldiers returning from the eastern front.
Insulin Signaling, Glucose Metabolism, and the Angiotensin II Signaling System
Authors: Paul A. Davis, Elisa Pagnin, Andrea Semplicini, Angelo Avogaro, Lorenzo A. Calò
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Taniyama et al. (1) have recently reported that angiotensin II (Ang II) in vitro decreases insulin receptor substrate-1 protein levels via Src, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, and reactive oxygen species–mediated phosphorylation of Ser307. This leads to the targeting of insulin receptor substrate-1 for proteasome-dependent degradation, which then impairs insulin signaling. These findings provide a rationale for understanding the molecular basis of the positive effect of Ang II type 1 receptor antagonists on insulin resistance.

The relationship between Ang II and insulin signaling shown in vitro leads us to assess whether this is operative also in vivo in humans. We analyzed a cohort of patients with Bartter’s/Gitelman’s syndrome (BS/GS), which attract much attention for persistent normo-/hypotension despite biochemical and hormonal abnormalities typical of hypertension. BS/GS, caused by gene defects in specific kidney transporters and ion channels, presents hypokalemia, sodium depletion, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and increased …
Export of virulence proteins by malaria-infected erythrocytes involves remodeling of host actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Melanie Rug, Marek Cyrklaff, Antti Mikkonen, Leandro Lemgruber, Simone Kuelzer, Cecilia P. Sanchez, Jennifer Thompson, Eric Hanssen, Matthew O’Neill, Christine Langer, Michael Lanzer, Friedrich Frischknecht, Alexander G. Maier, Alan F. Cowman
Journal: Blood (2014)
Pregnancy induced hypertension: evidence for increased cell membrane permeability to sodium.
Authors: P L Weissberg, J Weaver, K L Woods, M J West, D G Beevers
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In a cross sectional study of 137 women of childbearing age (16-40) the effects of normal pregnancy, hypertensive pregnancy, and oral contraceptives on red cell electrolyte content and sodium efflux rates were examined and the results compared with values in a control group of normotensive, non-pregnant women. Efflux rate constants were significantly increased in normotensive pregnancy and in women taking oral contraceptives. This was associated with a significant increase in sodium permeability in the contraceptive group. A much larger increase in sodium permeability and efflux rate constant was seen in the hypertensive group. The results permit a hypothesis that the hormonal changes induced by pregnancy and oral contraceptives increase membrane permeability to sodium and stimulate sodium efflux. The rise in blood pressure associated with use of oral contraceptives may have a similar aetiology to that occurring in pregnancy induced hypertension.
Preclinical Evidence for the Therapeutic Potential of CD38-Targeted Immuno-Chemotherapy in Multiple Myeloma Patients Refractory to Lenalidomide and Bortezomib
Authors: Inger S. Nijhof, Richard W.J. Groen, Willy A. Noort, Berris van Kessel, Regina de Jong-Korlaar, Joost Bakker, Jeroen J.L. van Bueren, Paul W.H.I. Parren, Henk M. Lokhorst, Niels W.C.J. van de Donk, Anton C.M. Martens, Tuna Mutis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Novel therapeutic agents have significantly improved the survival of patients with multiple myeloma. Nonetheless, the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma who become refractory to the novel agents lenalidomide and bortezomib is very poor, indicating the urgent need for new therapeutic options for these patients. The human CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab is being evaluated as a novel therapy for multiple myeloma. Prompted with the encouraging results of ongoing clinical phase I/II trials, we now addressed the potential value of daratumumab alone or in combination with lenalidomide or bortezomib for the treatment of lenalidomide- and bortezomib-refractory patients.In ex vivo assays, mainly evaluating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and in an in vivo xenograft mouse model, we evaluated daratumumab alone or in combination with lenalidomide or bortezomib as a potential therapy for lenalidomide- and bortezomib-refractory multiple myeloma patients.Daratumumab induced significant lysis of lenalidomide/bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma cell lines and of primary multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from lenalidomide- and/or bortezomib-refractory patients. In these assays, lenalidomide but not bortezomib, synergistically enhanced daratumumab-mediated multiple myeloma lysis through activation of natural killer cells. Finally, in an in vivo xenograft model, only the combination of daratumumab with lenalidomide effectively reduced the tumorigenic growth of primary multiple myeloma cells from a lenalidomide- and bortezomib-refractory patient.Our results provide the first preclinical evidence for the benefit of daratumumab plus lenalidomide combination for lenalidomide- and bortezomib-refractory patients.
OTOLARYNGOLOGIC PROBLEMS OCCURRING IN FLIERS
Authors: LEON D. CARSON
Journal: JAMA (1942)

In this paper I cannot hope to present more than an outline of the application of this most important handmaiden of medical science to the physiologic problems imposed on the economy by the stresses and rapid changes of environment encountered in flying. This is particularly true in military flying, in which the accomplishment of the task is considered of first importance and the stresses imposed on the pilot as of secondary significance. In airline or civilian flying every effort is made to avoid unusual stresses to passengers and to planes. In military flying, aircraft are designed to withstand the unusual physical stresses imposed by the necessity to outperform an enemy pilot who has a similarly designed plane and similar motives. The flight surgeon's task, therefore, is first to select as pilots men capable of withstanding punishing physical and mental strains and, second, to maintain the physical fitness of this group
A case of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria caused by a germline mutation and a somatic mutation in PIGT
Authors: Peter M. Krawitz, Britta Höchsmann, Yoshiko Murakami, Britta Teubner, Ulrike Krüger, Eva Klopocki, Heidemarie Neitzel, Alexander Hoellein, Christina Schneider, Dmitri Parkhomchuk, Jochen Hecht, Peter N. Robinson, Stefan Mundlos, Taroh Kinoshita, Hubert Schrezenmeier
Journal: Blood (2013)
Traumatic knee injury
Authors: G. Stenhouse, M. Walker, C. Gupta, M. Khanna
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 44 year old man injured his left knee while walking his dog in the park. He collided with two dogs who were chasing a ball; the main impact was on the anteromedial aspect of the left knee. Immediately after the injury he was in intense pain, the knee was swollen, and he was unable to bear weight. At presentation to the emergency department, examination showed a large effusion at the knee joint and tenderness over the anteromedial aspect of the joint. The range of movement at the knee was 30-60° and the knee was locked.

Findings on anterior and posterior draw testing were normal and valgus and varus stress testing did not identify ligamentous laxity. Lateral gliding of the patella caused considerable discomfort. Initially, he underwent radiography of the knee (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓). Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a classic pattern of bone marrow oedema along the medial patella facet and lateral femoral condyle, which is typical of a transient dislocation of the patella.



Fig 1 Lateral radiograph of left knee





Fig 2 Anterioposterior radiograph of left knee





### 1 What abnormalities do the radiographs show?

#### Short answer

A large knee joint effusion and a bone fragment in the anterior knee joint.

#### Long answer

When evaluating radiographs in patients who have experienced trauma, at least two views are needed (anterioposterior and lateral). The horizontal beam lateral view allows identification of …
Kashin–Beck Osteoarthropathy in Rural Tibet in Relation to Selenium and Iodine Status
Authors: Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes, Carl Suetens, Françoise Mathieu, Françoise Begaux, Dun Zhu, Maria T. Rivera, Marleen Boelaert, Jean Nève, Noémi Perlmutter, Jean Vanderpas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Kashin–Beck disease is a degenerative osteoarticular disorder that is endemic to certain areas of Tibet, where selenium deficiency is also endemic. Because selenium is involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, we studied the relation among the serum selenium concentration, thyroid function, and Kashin–Beck disease in 575 subjects 5 to 15 years of age in 12 villages around Lhasa, Tibet, including 1 control village in which no subject had Kashin–Beck disease. Clinical, radiologic, and biochemical data were collected.
Abstract A64: NFκB-IκBα Interaction: A Mechanism of Resistance to Cisplatin in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Susan Heavey, Martin Barr, Peter Godwin, Connla Edwards, Ken O'Byrne, Kathy Gately
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the PI3K-NFκB pathway in resistance to cisplatin in Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This form of malignancy is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in the western world with a poor overall 5 year survival of &amp;lt;15%. The most effective systemic chemotherapy for NSCLC is cisplatin-based combination treatment. However, chemoresistance is a major therapeutic problem and understanding the mechanisms involved is critical to the development of new therapeutic intervention strategies. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway signals through NFκB and plays an important role in NSCLC, representing a novel therapeutic target for overcoming cisplatin resistance. Methods: A panel of cisplatin resistant NSCLC cell lines (H460, SKMES1, A549) were developed in our laboratory. H460 parent &amp; resistant cell lines were screened for changes in mRNA expression using the PI3K Profiler array (SABiosciences). Changes in gene expression were validated by QPCR and protein expression by Western blot and HCA. IκBα exons 3–5 were screened for mutations by sequencing. DHMEQ is an inhibitor of NFκB translocation. The effects of DHMEQ on NFκB translocation as well as on cell apoptosis and proliferation were assessed by HCA and BrdU assays. Results: An 11.99 fold increase in IκBα mRNA expression was identified in the cisplatin resistant H460 cells compared to parent cells. QPCR, Western blot and HCA confirmed this overexpression of IκBα. No mutations were identified in exons 3-5 of the IκBα gene. Inhibition of NFκB by DHMEQ led to significantly increased apoptosis and significantly decreased proliferation in cisplatin resistant cells versus parent cells. Conclusions: The transcription factor NFκB is involved in cell survival and regulates the transcription of its own inhibitor, IκBα. Both IκBα and NFκB were found to be upregulated in cisplatin resistant cells compared to cisplatin sensitive cells. Inhibiton of NFκB by the inhibitor DHMEQ succeeded in reducing resistant cell survival and proliferation. NFκB inhibition could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome NSCLC resistance to cisplatin.