tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A New Radium Danger.
Authors: H. G. Piffard
Journal: JAMA (1906)

New York, April 7, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice an editorial reference in to-day's issue to an explosion of a radium tube in Germany. The liability to this accident was pointed out by me nearly two years ago in the<i>Medical Record</i>, June 20, 1904, as follows: "The second cause for the perforation of a glass tube is the increase of electric potential within the tube. Just as soon as this becomes sufficiently high the electricity sparks through.... To guard against this accident I would propose what appears to me a very simple and effective remedy, namely, sealing a small piece of platinum wire into the glass tube. It need only project a very short distance into the tube, and externally may be flush with the glass." Radium in an aluminum tume is, of course, not liable to this accident, but to another quite as serious. If an alumninum
STERILITY OF MARKET COTTON
Authors: E. R. L. Gaughran
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the interests of the thousands of physicians and other professional personnel throughout the world who weekly refer toThe Journal, we feel it incumbent on us to direct your attention to the article entitled "Sterility of Market Cotton," by J. H. Silliker and E. P. Hess (<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>149</b>:1374-1376 [Aug. 9] 1952). This article is a matter of concern to us since it not only fails to utilize established statistical and technical bacteriologic concepts of sterility testing but, by frequently specious reasoning, arrives at a wholly misleading conclusion with respect to the sterility of various brands of absorbent cotton currently available on the open market. Although the term sterility is, of course, absolute, its use in the strict sense necessarily falls within the limitations of the methods currently available to detect contamination. It is general knowledge that, for most of the many thousands
Mitral atresia with normal aortic valve: a study of eighteen cases and a review of the literature.
Authors: F Moreno, M Quero, L P Diaz
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Eighteen cases of mitral atresia with normal aortic valve plus 68 cases from the literature are analyzed. A new classification based on anatomical findings is proposed. Pulmonary stenosis or atresia is frequent in the type with transposition of the great arteries. The rare instances of normal or large left ventricle are due to a large ventricular septal defect, or to straddling or displaced tricuspid valve. The clinical, radiologic and electrocardiographic findings have been summarized and correlated with the different physiopathological situations. In our catheterized cases an oxygen saturation step-up was found in the right atrium together with left atrial hypertension. In seven cases mitral atresia was demonstrated by selective left atrial contrast injection. The average age at death was six months. Among the cases surviving one year or more, the association of atrial septal defects or pulmonary stenosis was frequent. Enlargement of the interatrial communication, accompanied by other palliative measures, is the only available surgical procedure.
The last Decalogue
Authors: J A Hicklin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

On one hand it reflects services provided by the NHS, but on the other it is a consequence of past failures of the NHS.This set of indicators also raises the issue of the time lag between resource use and its impact.Other conditions could also be studied in this way, by bringing together disparate but related items of information for a critical appraisal of their relevance and appropriateness in the assessment of productivity. For discussionThis article is confined to health outcome measures and their proxies.Many other types of output, however, could be included in an assessment of productivity.In our second article we present further examples of indicators and raise issues and assumptions that require discussion-that is, the selection of indicators and targets, methods, interpretation of data, and application in productivity measurement. 7
Fenoprofen-Associated Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Martin E. Katz, Pang Wang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 February 1980Fenoprofen-Associated ThrombocytopeniaMARTIN E. KATZ, M.D., PANG WANG, M.D.MARTIN E. KATZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PANG WANG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-2-262_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Fenoprofen calcium (Nalfon; Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Indiana) is a phenylalkanoic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis (1). We wish to report a case of fenoprofen-associated thrombocytopenia and review the available data on the reported hematologic toxicities of this drug.An 81-year-old woman with long-standing severe osteoarthritis was started on fenoprofen, 600 mg orally four times a day, on 6 July 1979. When she was seen 14 d later for evaluation of a fever, nonproductive cough, and macular rash, a complete blood count showed hemoglobin value of 11.3...References1. WILLKENS R. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. JAMA. 1978;240:1632-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SIMPSONGOLDSTEINHJELTEEVANS RDGE. Acute thrombocytopenia associated with fenoprofen. N Engl J Med. 1978;298:629-30. Letter. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SIMONKOSMIN SM. Fenoprofen and agranulocytosis. N Engl J Med. 1978;299:490. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARTIN E. KATZ, M.D.; PANG WANG, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySingle dose oral fenoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adultsSingle dose oral fenoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adultsAnti-inflammatory analgesics and drugs used in rheumatism and gout 1 February 1980Volume 92, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 262-262KeywordsComplete blood countDrugsFeversGoutHemoglobinOsteoarthritisRashesResearch designRheumatoid arthritisToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Dermatology Life Quality Index: assessing the efficacy of biological therapies for psoriasis
Authors: R.P. Katugampola, V.J. Lewis, A.Y. Finlay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Clinical trials show improvement in physical and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures in patients with psoriasis treated with biologics compared with placebo. However, these reports only give limited interpretation of the meaning of Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores and provide limited comparison data. Objectives The aim of this paper is to identify which biological therapy provides the greatest improvement in HRQoL following treatment of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis, as assessed by the DLQI. Methods We reviewed all data published up to August 2006 of randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of the four biologics currently licensed in some countries for clinical use in chronic plaque psoriasis (alefacept, efalizumab, etanercept and infliximab) which have used the DLQI as an outcome measure. The DLQI data were assessed based on overall improvement according to the DLQI descriptor bands and on clinically meaningful improvement of ≥ 5. Results Fifteen peer-reviewed articles and 59 abstracts describing 11 multicentre, double-blind RCTs were reviewed. Treatment with any one of the four biologics led to a clinically meaningful improvement in the DLQI of ≥ 5. However, when applying the DLQI banding concept, infliximab and etanercept provided the greatest improvement in the overall HRQoL from a 'very large effect on overall HRQoL' at baseline to 'a small effect on overall HRQoL' following treatment. Conclusions The DLQI banding concept provides a further tool to assess the impact of biologics on HRQoL of patients with psoriasis. Based on retrospective application of DLQI bands to published RCT data, infliximab, followed by etanercept, showed the greatest improvement in the overall HRQoL paralleled by a 75% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. However, some publications did not provide absolute baseline DLQI values, making interpretation of data and comparison between the agents difficult. Side-to-side comparative studies between biologics and between biologics and nonbiological psoriasis treatments will aid evidence-based psoriasis management decisions in the future.
The Virus: A History of the Concept
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Today we know a great deal about viruses, which exist in vast profusion. Many are pathogenic, inducing diseases in man, lower animals, and plants. Many are nonpathogenic. We know that the viruses bear intimate relation to the basic processes of life. Many different disciplines have contributed to our knowledge, which, in the aggregate, is impressive indeed. This knowledge has had an almost explosive development, dating back, in essence, only to the 1890s. The concept of a virus as a distinct entity rested on evidence that accumulated at first rather slowly. Each new datum had to come to terms with the existing framework of knowledge, ie, had to harmonize somehow with existing concepts. As a result many of the new data remained poorly explained until enough evidence had accumulated to bring about the birth of a new concept. This made investigators realize how sharply this new category of infectious agent differed
Potential Adverse Drug Interactions in the Emergency Room
Authors: Mark H. Beers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To determine how often emergency department physicians prescribe medications that can adversely interact with other medications that their patients are already taking, which patients are at highest risk for potential adverse reactions, and which medications most frequently lead to adverse interactions. Design: Survey of elderly persons and other adults seeking care at an emergency department. Patients: Four-hundred twenty-four randomly selected adults seeking care at a university-affiliated hospital emergency department. Measurements and Main Results: We evaluated 424 randomly selected visits to a hospital emergency department made by 186 persons over age 65 and 238 younger adults; all of the subjects were discharged without hospital admission. Forty-seven percent of visits led to added medication, and in 10% of the visits in which at least one medication was added, a new medication added a potential adverse interaction. The interactions were determined by a computer program, were reviewed using explicit criteria, and were excluded if of uncertain or trivial clinical significance, rare, or not established for that specific drug. The number of medications used at presentation was the best predictor of whether a potential interaction would be introduced. Conclusions: In the emergency departments studied, a medication history was recorded on every patient and was available to physicians, but physicians did not routinely screen for potential drug interactions. Further safeguards are needed to protect patients from receiving medications that could produce adverse interactions.
Medicine and international humanitarian law
Authors: J. Leaning
Journal: BMJ (1999)

August 1999 marks the 50th anniversary of the Geneva Conventions of 1949. This text, formed by combining the three previous conventions of 1864, 1906, 1929 and adding a fourth in 1949, imposes constraints on the conduct of war. It binds its signatories—who are nation states—to a tight set of obligations regarding the care of the wounded, treatment of servicemen lost at sea, management of prisoners of war, and protection of civilians. 1999 also marks the 100th anniversary of the Hague Convention of 1899, a pivotal document in a long series seeking to limit methods of war and prohibit certain weapons. These two bodies of law, of Geneva and of the Hague, form the cornerstone of international humanitarian law—the law relating to the conduct of individuals and nations in wartime.1

This anniversary year follows by only one year the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the formative document in the modern field of human rights. The declaration establishes a set of principles regarding the state's relationship to individuals and communities—for example, that no one should be held in slavery and that everyone has a right to social security and education. It has served as the basis for the growing number of legally binding covenants, such as the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, that contribute to that body of international law that is thought to apply to states in times of peace.2 The occurrence of these anniversaries this year offers the BMJ the opportunity to explore in this special issue a number of ethical and policy dilemmas that face medicine and science when issues of moral choice arise …
Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on superficial and deep nephron bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat.
Authors: T D DuBose, M S Lucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The nephron segment responsible for the acetazolamide-insensitive fraction of renal bicarbonate reabsorption has not been clearly delineated. This study compares superficial and deep nephron bicarbonate reabsorption before and after acetazolamide at two dose levels (20 and 50 mg/kg per h) in mutant Munich-Wistar rats employing both cortical and papillary micropuncture and microcalorimetry. Systemic acid-base balance and right whole kidney glomerular filtration rate were similar in all groups examined. The effects of the two doses of acetazolamide were indistinguishable and resulted in a significant increase in whole kidney bicarbonate excretion that compared favorably with the fraction delivered out of the left papillary tip. Acetazolamide inhibited superficial proximal bicarbonate reabsorption by 80.0%, whereas reabsorption up to the deep loop of Henle was decreased by only 52% (P less than 0.001). Bicarbonate reabsorption that was insensitive to acetazolamide occurred in the superficial and deep loop of Henle and between the distal tubule and base collecting duct. Because water reabsorption in these segments could serve to generate transepithelial bicarbonate concentration gradients favorable for reabsorption, we attempted to minimize water abstraction by combined administration of mannitol and acetazolamide. During this condition a significant increase in bicarbonate delivery up to the deep loop of Henle was noted (52 vs. 65%), whereas superficial nephron reabsorption was not altered. Furthermore, an outwardly directed bicarbonate concentration gradient from the deep loop of Henle to vasa recta was demonstrated during acetazolamide (delta tCO2 = 20.9 +/- 3.3 mM), but was abolished during combined mannitol and acetazolamide administration (delta tCO2 = 3.5 +/- 0.9 mM). It is concluded that carbonic anhydrase inhibition results in a disparate effect on nephron bicarbonate reabsorption when juxtamedullary and superficial nephron segments are compared. Our findings suggest that a mechanism for residual bicarbonate reabsorption during acetazolamide administration may be passive reabsorption driven by favorable transepithelial concentration gradients.
<i>EUS Meets Voxel-Man:</i>Three-Dimensional Anatomic Animation of Linear-Array Endoscopic Ultrasound Images
Authors: E. Burmester, T. Leineweber, S. Hacker, U. Tiede, T. H. Hütteroth, K. H. Höhne
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a widely used imaging modality in gastroenterology. The development of linear-array endoscopic ultrasound transducers, with facilities for EUS-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, led to increasingly widespread use in different areas of the body. Examiners need to have excellent knowledge of anatomy. Orientation in linear EUS is more difficult and the learning curve is long. In an effort to shorten the training, reducing the risk to the patient and to allow a faster learning of the basic anatomic structures EUS meets VOXEL-MAN, an interactive three-dimensional anatomic simulation program has been developed for linear EUS for the purposes of private and independent study.
Points: Assault on a GP
Authors: M. Donovan
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Background/Aim: Exosomes, derived from chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) cells, can be used as biomarkers and new targets for the detection of the BCR-ABL transcript. This study aimed to identify these possibilities. Materials and Methods: Human CML cell line-derived exosomes and CML-patients-derived exosomes were isolated with a size-exclusion chromatography column and ExoQuick™ exosome precipitation solution, respectively. Isolated exosomes were analysed by nested PCR to detect the BCR-ABL transcript. Results: Exosomes derived from the two human CML cell lines yielded a 250-bp band. RNA sequence analysis revealed 99% sequence homology with the partial mRNA for the human BCR-ABL chimeric protein. This ~250-bp band was also observed in the exosomes derived from patients with CML. However, only patients at the blast and accelerated phases showed the exosomal BCR-ABL transcript. Conclusion: CML-derived exosomes could act as novel targets for the detection of the BCR-ABL transcript.
Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 111In Pentetreotide Scan for Detection of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Lu, Stephen E. Fleming, Ryan C. Fields, Daniel G. Coit, Jorge A. Carrasquillo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasm with propensity for nodal metastases. A few reports have presented imaging results with FDG PET/CT or 111In-pentetreotide (OctreoScan, OCT) indicating a higher sensitivity for FDG than OCT, but no reports have directly compared FDG to OCT in the same patients. We reviewed our experience in a limited number of patients who underwent both procedures.Patients with MCC who had FDG PET and OCT between 2000 and 2010 in our center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if they had FDG PET/CT and OCT scan within a 2-month interval. For each eligible patient, we compared all abnormal lesions identified on either scan. The findings were verified by pathology or other imaging techniques up to a 4-month follow-up.A total of 9 patients met the selection criteria with 10 dual scans (1 was scanned twice). Three patients had no documented sites of disease at the time of imaging. One patient had negative findings on both FDG and OCT initially, but 1 year later developed FDG-positive OCT-negative disease. Five patients had metastatic disease at the time of imaging: 2 were negative on OCT and positive on FDG; the other 3 were positive on both scans but had more lesions on FDG.Our data on a small number of patients are in agreement with prior individual FDG or OCT reports and suggest that, overall, FDG PET/CT detects more MCC lesions and upgrades MCC stage compared with the OCT scan. Importantly, there were no lesions identified by OCT that were missed by PET. Thus, given the added resolution and sensitivity of PET, the use of OCT in MCC in the modern era is of limited value and it remains to be seen whether newer 68Ga-labeled somatostatin analogs will perform better than OCT.
327. The Effect of NO on HIF-Mediated Gene Expression: Chemical Sources of NO Versus Genetic Regulation of iNOS
Authors: Rana S. Al-Assah, Rachel L. Cowen, Edwin C. Chinje, Ian J. Stratford
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) belongs to the NOS family of enzymes that generate nitric oxide (NO) upon the conversion of L-arginine to citrulline. iNOS has been observed to have dual effects on tumor growth. At low levels, iNOS has been related to pro-tumor effects while at higher levels the reverse has been observed 1. Whether iNOS/NO promotes cellular adaptation or cell death is mediated through fine tuning of gene expression. Moreover, transcriptional regulatory elements within promoter regions that are directly responsive to NO have not been clearly identified. Recent studies have shown that NO could affect some signal transduction pathways including HIF signaling. However, the nature of this feedback (positive or negative) remains largely controversial 2,3,4,5. Therefore, the following study aims at overproducing NO in order to regulate HIF-mediated gene expression.
The Mammalian Oviduct: Comparative Biology and Methodology
Authors: Robert H. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This symposium presents the most advanced available interpretation of comparative oviductal structure and function based upon modern technology. Distinguished investigators from various disciplines eliminate misconceptions arising from a wealth of folklore about the fallopian tubes and shatter current theories unsupported by sound scientific evidence. A tremendous literature survey, coupled with experienced writing and skilled editing, makes this book an important contribution. More than 1,800 pertinent references on some 1,000 aspects of mammalian reproduction provide a strong basis on which young investigators may launch research careers. In the 21 chapters, all authors raise fundamental questions and expose our knowledge gaps concerning the structure, embryology, physiology, endocrinology, pharmacology, biochemistry, immunology, and pathology of oviduct tissues, fluids, and eggs. Blandau documents with cinematography the mysterious manner in which newly ovulated eggs go from the site of follicular rupture to the oviduct ostium. However, biological generalizations as to the mechanism of gamete transport in
Diagnostic Value of the First and Second Derivatives of the Arterial Pressure Pulse in Aortic Valve Disease and in Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: DEAN T. MASON, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, JOHN ROSS, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The brachial arterial dp/dt was continuously computed by means of an electronic differentiating circuit in 117 patients and 23 normal subjects. The peak dp/dt averaged 1092±372 (S.D.) mm. Hg/sec. in 32 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, 547±94 mm. Hg/sec. in six patients with discrete subvalvular subaortic stenosis, 811±185 mm. Hg/sec. in 23 normal subjects, 358±85 mm. Hg/sec. in 29 patients with valvular aortic stenosis, 724±212 mm. Hg/sec. in 25 patients with combined aortic stenosis and regurgitation, and 1736±530 mm. Hg/sec. in 24 patients with pure aortic regurgitation. It is suggested that the elevated peak dp/dt seen in patients with hypertrophic stenosis is due to the absence of obstruction to ejection early in systole. In contrast, patients with valvular and discrete subvalvular stenosis, who exhibit fixed obstruction to outflow throughout ventricular systole, had a peak dp/dt that tended to be lower than normal. Calculation of the second derivative (d 2 p/dt 2 ) of the arterial pressure pulse provided even better separation of the various groups of patients studied. The analyses of the dp/dt and of the d 2 p/dt 2 of the brachial artery pressure pulse afford a simple and reliable assessment of the nature and location of left ventricular outflow obstruction and are helpful in the differentiation of valvular aortic stenosis, combined stenosis and regurgitation, and pure aortic regurgitation.