tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New technology in medical libraries.
Authors: G. M. Pentelow
Journal: BMJ (1989)

lordosis is unavoidable.22Although the necessary fusion is substantially shorter than that required in posterior surgery, the number of lumbar segments allowing motion is still reduced, and the long term future of spines treated in this way is still unclear.Surgical treatment is a question of "risks versus rewards,"7 and all procedures risk damaging the spinal cord.Moreover, the deformity is the patient's and not the surgeon's, and the patient's opinion about what is acceptable is much more important than that of the surgeon.What surgeons should do is to counsel, as far as they can, about the risks of progression, expected degree of correction, and risks of complications of treatment-presenting the risks and rewards clearly.In this way the decision taken is more likely to be the right one for the patient.
Diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia: evaluation of four serologic biomarkers
Authors: F. Esteves, S.S. Calé, R. Badura, M.G. de Boer, F. Maltez, E.J. Calderón, T.J. van der Reijden, E. Márquez-Martín, F. Antunes, O. Matos
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Severe Diabetes with Remission
Authors: Reed Harwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

DIABETIC acidosis is generally believed to be the result of an acute and severe degree of insulin insufficiency. Patients who recover from this acute condition almost invariably need insulin injections for the rest of their lives. The patient whose history is reported below is unusual because his diabetes has improved to the extent that he has been able to maintain normoglycemia and good health without the help of insulin for nearly two years.Case ReportJ.N., a 24-year-old engineering student, was referred to my office on May 12, 1955, with severe diabetes. He had been well until 10 days previously, . . .
Cryoglobulinaemia and angiomatosis*
Authors: J.I. HARPER, W. GRAY, E. WILSON-JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

A 61-year-old woman is presented with essential cryoglobulinaemia and a 25-year history of recurrent ulceration of the lower legs. She developed multiple benign angiomatous nodules on the face, earlobes and neck. Histologically, they simulated an angiosarcoma and are therefore of considerable diagnostic importance.
LACTOSE AND INTESTINAL FLORA
Authors: NICHOLAS KOPELOFF
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Lactose is a prime constituent of "the perfect food," milk. The normal nursling thrives on it and the healthy baby's intestinal flora is the envy of an everincreasing proportion of the adult population. Lactose is as much a food for beneficial microbes as for man.<sup>1</sup>In the intestinal flora of the breast-fed baby,<i>Bacillus bifidus</i>predominates. When the baby is weaned on cow's milk,<i>Bacillus acidophilus</i>becomes the predominating microbial species. Lactose, as is well known, is an excellent source of energy for this microbe. It was Metchnikoff's belief that many human ills arise from harmful bacteria present in the large intestine of man and, further, that senility is causally related to this "useless" portion of the gastro-intestinal tract. Consequently, he concluded that a favorable intestinal flora was the<i>summum bonum</i>. This doctrine proved a stimulus to the devising of ways and means for the development in adults of
Clinical Outcome of Mitral Regurgitation Due to Flail Leaflet
Authors: Lieng H. Ling, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, James B. Seward, A. Jamil Tajik, Hartzell V. Schaff, Kent R. Bailey, Robert L. Frye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet is difficult to manage, because it is frequently asymptomatic yet carries a high risk of left ventricular dysfunction and because the natural history of the condition is poorly defined.We obtained clinical follow-up data through 1994-1995 in 229 patients with isolated mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet; this condition was first diagnosed by echocardiography between 1980 and 1989.The 86 patients who were treated medically had a mortality rate significantly higher than expected (6.3 percent yearly, P=0.016 for the comparison with the expected rate in the U.S. population according to the 1990 census). Independent determinants of mortality were an older age, the presence of symptoms, and a lower ejection fraction. Patients who were even transiently in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV had a high mortality rate (34 percent yearly), but the rate was also notable (4.1 percent yearly) among those in class I or II. At 10 years, the mean (+/- SE) rates of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and death or surgery were 63 +/- 8, 30 +/- 12, and 90 +/- 3 percent, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, surgical correction of mitral regurgitation (performed in 143 patients) was associated with a reduced mortality rate (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.15 to 0.56; P<0.001).When treated medically, mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet is associated with excess mortality and high morbidity. Surgery is almost unavoidable within 10 years after the diagnosis and appears to be associated with an improved prognosis; this finding suggests that surgery should be considered early in the course of the disease.
The risk of asthma exacerbation after stopping low-dose inhaled corticosteroids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Matthew A. Rank, John B. Hagan, Miguel A. Park, Jenna C. Podjasek, Shefali A. Samant, Gerald W. Volcheck, Patricia J. Erwin, Colin P. West
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Aspirin and Decreased Adult-Onset Asthma
Authors: R. Graham Barr, Tobias Kurth, Meir J. Stampfer, Julie E. Buring, Charles H. Hennekens, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: In an observational cohort study, women who self-selected for frequent aspirin use developed less newly diagnosed asthma than women who did not take aspirin.Objective: To explore whether low-dose aspirin decreased the risk of newly diagnosed asthma in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Methods: The Physicians' Health Study randomized 22,071 apparently healthy male physicians, aged 40–84 yr at baseline and tolerant of aspirin, over an 18-wk run-in period, to 325 mg aspirin or placebo on alternate days. The aspirin component was terminated after 4.9 yr due principally to the emergence of a statistically extreme 44% reduction in risk of first myocardial infarction among those randomly assigned to aspirin.Measurements: Physicians could self-report an asthma diagnosis on questionnaires at baseline, 6 mo, and annually thereafter. Asthma was not an a priori endpoint of the trial.Results: Among 22,040 physicians without reported asthma at randomization, there were 113 new asthma diagnoses in the aspirin group and 145 in the placebo group. The hazard ratio was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–1.00; p = 0.045). This apparent 22% lower risk of newly diagnosed asthma among those assigned to aspirin was not modified by baseline characteristics including smoking, body mass index, or age.Conclusions: Aspirin reduced the risk of newly diagnosed adult-onset asthma in a large, randomized clinical trial of apparently healthy, aspirin-tolerant men. This result requires replication in randomized trials designed a priori to test this hypothesis; it does not imply that aspirin improves symptoms in patients with asthma.
Patterns of Immunological Deficiency in Leukemias and Lymphomas.
Authors: D. G. Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Patterns of Immunological Deficiency in Leukemias and Lymphomas.D. G. Miller, M.D.D. G. Miller, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-694_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptClinical and laboratory data are presented which allow one to distinguish patterns of immunological deficiency in the leukemias and lymphomas. These diseases, in their evolution, morphologically and enzymatically derange one cell line more severely than others, although characteristic differences may be obliterated by treatment or in the end stages of the disease. In the lympho-proliferative diseases, impaired immunity is the result of quantitative or qualitative abnormalities in gamma globulin production. In the myeloproliferative diseases, this abnormality is usually not present, but there may be a deficiency of mature granulocytes capable of phagocytosis. Neither of the above two abnormalities are usual... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 694-695KeywordsClinical laboratoriesGlobulinsGranulocytesImmunityLeukemiaLymphomaPhagocytosisResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4146: Optical imaging of bladder cancer with cancer-specific molecular contrast agents
Authors: Ying Pan, Jen-Jane Liu, Kathleen E. Mach, Jens-Peter Volkmer, Irving L. Weissman, Joseph C. Liao
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: Current diagnosis of bladder cancer is by white light cystoscopy, which has suboptimal specificity for differentiating non-papillary cancer from inflammation. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) provides dynamic in vivo imaging of the endoluminal tracts with micron-scale resolution. Real-time analysis of confocal images remains challenging with non-specific contrast agents such as intravesical fluorescein. Tumor imaging specificity may be enhanced by coupling pCLE with fluorescently labeled tumor-specific antibodies or peptides. We report our preliminarily efforts of ex vivo bladder tumor imaging by pCLE using a mouse antibody against a known human tumor-specific surface biomarker and a dodecapeptide that binds human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as contrast. Studies have shown that both the antibody and peptide bind surface markers abundant in cancer but not present on the superficial layer of normal urothelium. METHODS: The antibody or peptide was instilled intravesically into a fresh cystectomy specimen (n=4 for antibody; n=1 for peptide). Excess antibody or peptide was drained, and the bladder was opened for pCLE. Imaging was performed of normal-appearing, tumor, and suspicious areas, followed by excision of imaged tissues for histopathology with H&amp;E. Tumor-specific staining of the antibody was further confirmed with anti-mouse IgG. RESULTS: All bladders had high-grade urothelial carcinoma on pathology. The tumor-specific antibody consistently showed greater fluorescent staining on pCLE in areas of tumor, compared to normal urothelium, in all 4 bladders. A suspicious area was not stained by the antibody and was confirmed to be inflammation by pathology. Immunostaining showed tumor-specific antibody on the most superficial layer of tumor but not on normal urothelium. Similarly, preferential staining of tumor over normal urothelium was also observed when using the EGFR peptide as a contrast agent. CONCLUSIONS: Both the known tumor-specific antibody and EGFR-specific peptide show specificity for bladder cancer by pCLE ex vivo. Our study shows the feasibility of optical imaging of bladder cancer with pCLE and tumor-specific contrast agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4146. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4146
862-4 Comparative incidence of angiographically proven early stent thrombosis in unselected sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stent populations
Authors: Andrew T.L Ong, Pedro A Lemos, Angela Hoye, Chourmouzios A Arampatzis, Francesco Saia, Jiro Aoki, Carlos van Mieghem, Sjoerd H Hofma, Pieter C Smits, Willem J van der Giessen, Georgios Sianos, Eugene McFadden, Pim de Feyter, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
157 COMBINATION EFFECT OF MELATONIN AND DEXAMETHASONE ON LIVER ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY IN RAT
Authors: B. Hajipour, M.H. Somi, N. Ahmadi Asl, E. Estakhri, A.R. Nour Azar, M. Nasirizadeh, A. Ghorbani Haghjou, A.M. Vatankhah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Obstetrics and the wooden spoon
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Two studies this week address clinically important questions in obstetrics. Firstly, can a single progesterone measurement predict whether a woman who develops pain and bleeding in early pregnancy will lose her baby? As Jorine Verhaegen and colleagues explain in their meta-analysis, these symptoms occur in 30% of pregnant women during the first trimester and are the commonest cause of consultation in early pregnancy (doi:10.1136/bmj.e6077). The authors analysed 26 cohort studies with data on more than 9000 women. They conclude that a single low progesterone level is highly predictive of a non-viable pregnancy in women with symptoms and an inconclusive ultrasound scan.

For those women …
A man with tingling fingers
Authors: N. Larkman, O. Hulson, M. Gilhooly
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 73 year old man with a three month history of bilateral persistent tingling in the index and middle fingers presented to his general practitioner. He was referred for an injection for suspected carpal tunnel syndrome. When he attended, as well as the tingling sensation, he described loss of fine motor function in his hands, with altered sensation in both legs and his inner thighs. Examination at this time showed no objective sensory loss in either hand. Phalen’s test and Tinel’s test were both negative. His upper limb tendon reflexes were normal.

Because of his new motor and lower limb symptoms, his GP referred him to an outpatient neurology clinic. At the clinic, he said that he had first noticed his symptoms while gardening. The tingling in his fingers was now present constantly. When he bent down to tie his shoes it worsened in his arms and travelled down his back. Lately he had struggled to fasten buttons and was having trouble writing. He also had slight numbness in both legs. He denied loss of power or perineal numbness and had no bowel, bladder, or erectile problems. He had no medical history of note and was taking no drugs.

On examination, his fundi and cranial nerves were normal. He had weakness of the right abductor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis opponens muscles. Touch, pinprick, temperature, vibration, and proprioception were not impaired. With his arms outstretched and eyes closed, his fingers moved constantly. All his tendon reflexes were present and equal, including the supinators. His plantars were downgoing. Lower limb neurological examination demonstrated normal power, coordination, and sensation, except for an unsteady gait.

A full blood count showed that he had macrocytic anaemia (mean corpuscular volume 118.9 fL; reference range 77-95; haemoglobin 102 g/L; 130-180). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed (figs …
Abstract 2066: Identification of NRF2 target genes in human cells: Aldoketo reductases as a potential biomarker for NRF2 activity
Authors: Bo-hyun Choi, Kyeong-Ah Jung, Mingu Song, Mi-Kyoung Kwak
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a critical role in cellular defense system by up-regulating multiple antioxidant genes. Therefore, the identification of biomarker genes reflecting NRF2 activity would be important for the prediction of high-risk populations to environmental stresses. In the current study, we have investigated human genes of which expression is highly dependent on NRF2 to establish biomarker genes for NRF2 activity. For this purpose, NRF2-specific interfering RNA was stably introduced in normal human renal epithelial cells (HK-2) and human bronchial epithelial cells (NL-20), and changes in inducible genes were determined following treatment with 4 types of NRF2 activators: thiol-reacting sulforaphane, free-radical generating tert-butylhydroquinone, Michael acceptor cinnamic aldehyde and pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide. These treatments showed relatively common alterations in gene expression, and among these, the expression of aldoketo reductase (AKR) 1C1 was highly inducible by all of these treatments in an NRF2-depedent manner. The levels for AKRs were found to be constitutively high in renal carcinoma A498 cells, of which NRF2 activity is elevated compared to normal renal epithelial HK-2 cells. In addition, the expression of AKRs was greatly enhanced by NRF2 activator treatments in human monocytes (U937), implying the potential utility of AKRs as a peripheral NRF2 marker. In conclusion, our results indicate that the expression of AKRs is highly dependent on NRF2 in human cells; therefore AKRs can be an effective biomarker for predicting NRF2 activity in human cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2066. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2066
Venom Iimmunotherapy Given Every 3 or 4 Months is Effective. A Prospective Comparison with the Conventional Regimen
Authors: L. Simioni, A. Vianello, P. Bonadonna, G. Marcer, M. Severino, M. Pagani, L. Morlin, M. Crivellaro, G. Passalacqua
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
An unusual case of pneumonia
Authors: A. W. Barritt, M. B. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 28 year old woman presented with a one week history of increasing shortness of breath on exertion, which was associated with a dry cough and mild pain on the right side of the lateral chest wall. She had also felt feverish and experienced night sweats for three days. Her medical history included mild asthma for five years, which was well controlled on twice daily inhaled beclometasone, and a caesarean section three months before. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful. She was an ex-smoker, rarely drank alcohol, and denied any illicit drug use. In addition, her only recent foreign travel was a trip to France six months ago.

On examination, she was fully alert and oriented but was febrile (38.2°C), with a peripheral oxygen saturation of 95% on room air. On auscultation she had right sided lower zone lung crackles but no wheeze. The lymph nodes were not palpable. Her blood pressure was 96/60 mm Hg and her pulse was 84 beats/min. Initial blood tests showed haemoglobin 127 g/L (reference range 115-165) and the total white cell count 9.3×109/L (4.0-11.0), with an eosinophil count of 2.3×109/L (0.0-0.4). C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were raised at 172 mg/L (<5) and 102 mm in the first hour (0-15), respectively. Renal and liver function tests were normal and HIV serology was negative. A plain posterior-anterior radiograph is shown in fig 1⇓.





### 1 What does the chest radiograph show?

#### Short answer

The radiograph shows bilateral, particularly right sided, peripheral air space consolidation. Consolidation is also seen posteriorly and peripherally in the right lower zone, below the level of the right hilum. The cardiac outline is normal and no pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.

#### Long answer

The plain …
Expression of Cocaine-Evoked Synaptic Plasticity by GluN3A-Containing NMDA Receptors
Authors: Tifei Yuan, Manuel Mameli, Eoin C. O'Connor, Partha Narayan Dey, Chiara Verpelli, Carlo Sala, Isabel Perez-Otano, Christian Lüscher, Camilla Bellone
Journal: Neuron (2013)
A circulating, biologically inactive thyrotropin caused by a mutation in the beta subunit gene.
Authors: G Medeiros-Neto, D T Herodotou, S Rajan, S Kommareddi, L de Lacerda, R Sandrini, M C Boguszewski, A N Hollenberg, S Radovick, F E Wondisford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Mutation of a critical carboxy-terminal cysteine residue (C105V) in the thyrotropin-beta (TSH-beta) subunit gene was found in two related families with central hypothyroidism. Affected patients had low thyroid hormone levels and radioactive iodine uptake in the thyroid gland associated with measurable serum TSH. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated TSH secretion did not increase thyroid hormone production in these patients as compared to their unaffected siblings, suggesting that the mutant TSH was biologically inactive in vivo. Recombinant TSH harboring this mutation was confirmed to be biologically inactive in an in vitro bioassay. Based on crystallographic structure of chorionic gonadotropin, a disulfide bond between C19 and C105 in the TSH-beta subunit is predicted to form the "buckle" of a "seat belt" that surrounds the common alpha subunit and maintains the conformation and bioactivity of the hormone. This natural mutation of the TSH-beta subunit confirms the importance of the seat belt in the family of pituitary and placental glycoprotein hormones.
IMPACT OF MODERN THERAPY ON PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN A LARGE MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
Authors: William Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Remarkable changes in the therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis have occurred in recent years because of the development of chemotherapy, major chest surgery, the swing from pneumothorax to pneumoperitoneum, and the use of antibiotics. At the same time, there has been some change in the type of patient, from the younger to the older age groups. In a short period of time, these changes have altered the prognosis of tuberculosis by a phenomenal degree. Institutional atmosphere has been converted from hopeless resignation associated with the predominant purpose of segregation to one of encouragement associated with an aggressive therapeutic attack, particularly in general hospitals with large tuberculosis units. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the changes in management and over-all results during the past 15 years in the tuberculosis wards of the Philadelphia General Hospital. The situation today is contrasted whenever possible with the situation 15 years ago at
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis in Japanese and Italian populations
Authors: Atsushi Tanaka, Saeko Nezu, Satoko Uegaki, Kentaro Kikuchi, Akitaka Shibuya, Hiroshi Miyakawa, Shin-ichi Takahashi, Ilaria Bianchi, Paola Zermiani, Mauro Podda, Hiromasa Ohira, Pietro Invernizzi, Hajime Takikawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Mutagenicity and human chromosomal effect of stevioside, a sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
Authors: M Suttajit, U Vinitketkaumnuen, U Meevatee, D Buddhasukh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni have been popularly used as a sweetener in foods and beverages for diabetics and obese people due to their potent sweetener stevioside. In this report, stevioside and steviol were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 and for chromosomal effects on cultured human lymphocytes. Stevioside was not mutagenic at concentrations up to 25 mg/plate, but showed direct mutagenicity to only TA98 at 50 mg/plate. However, steviol did not exhibit mutagenicity in either TA98 or TA100, with or without metabolic activation. No significant chromosomal effect of stevioside and steviol was observed in cultured blood lymphocytes from healthy donors (n = 5). This study indicates that stevioside and steviol are neither mutagenic nor clastogenic in vitro at the limited doses; however, in vivo genotoxic tests and long-term effects of stevioside and steviol are yet to be investigated.