tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy: Detection of mutations in the uromodulin gene in five Japanese families
Authors: Eiji Kudo, Naoyuki Kamatani, Osamu Tezuka, Atsuo Taniguchi, Hisashi Yamanaka, Sachiko Yabe, Dai Osabe, Syuichi Shinohara, Kyoko Nomura, Masaya Segawa, Tatsuro Miyamoto, Maki Moritani, Kiyoshi Kunika, Mitsuo Itakura
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Setting global health research priorities
Authors: R. Labonte
Journal: BMJ (2003)

When the G8 countries met in Canada in 2002 the topics of security, health, and Africa figured prominently. The three issues are related. Africa's human health is reeling from HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases, posing national and regional security risks. The continent's economic health is stagnant or eroding, the result of structural adjustment programmes,1 domestic conflicts, corruption, and deteriorating human health. Recognising the complexities of these entwined relations, the G8 Africa action plan included a commitment to support health research on diseases prevalent in Africa. How well G8 member nations—Canada, the United States, England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Russia—abide by this commitment is a matter of time and lobbying efforts. But what form should this new health research investment take? Should it emphasise specific diseases affecting poor people most, as favoured by the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health of the World Health Organization?2 Should it heed the call of biotechnology researchers, who have tabled their list of “top 10” research investments for global health, which range from better …
No Evidence of Plague in San Francisco.
Authors: Chas. G. Kuhlman
Journal: JAMA (1900)

San Francisco, Cal., June 18, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Past experiences have fully demonstrated that our professional brethren who are appointed members of health boards are often tainted with a malady common to nearly all politicians, namely, the desire for notoriety derived from sensational newspaper articles appertaining to their respective offices. The sensational reports and interviews sent abroad regarding the so-called "plague" in San Francisco long before sufficient time had elapsed for a scientific or even a superficial examination are striking evidence of this desire, as the etiology of plague is as yet<i>sub-judice</i>; and, as the material and opportunity for investigation was limited in the alleged San Francisco cases, the profession will no doubt welcome a critical and impartial analysis of the evidence now before us. At the April meeting of the San Francisco County Medical Society I discussed two papers read before the society on "Plague in San
Early onset pre-eclampsia: recognition of underlying renal disease.
Authors: B U Ihle, P Long, J Oats
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A follow up study of 84 patients with early onset pre-eclampsia (before 37 weeks' gestation) showed a high prevalence of underlying renal disease. Renal abnormalities were found in 33 of the 49 primiparas (67%) and in 22 of the 35 multiparas (63%). Two thirds of the multiparas with pre-eclampsia before 37 weeks with a diagnosis of either essential hypertension or renal disease had recurrent pre-eclampsia. Maternal morbidity and fetal mortality were greater in the group with early onset pre-eclampsia than in a group with late onset disease. Idiopathic pre-eclampsia occurred in 10% of primiparas in the early onset group, whereas it was the main condition in over three quarters of primiparas in the late onset group. A presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic pre-eclampsia is likely to be correct only in primiparas who develop the disease after 37 weeks of pregnancy; in all other cases careful search will almost certainly detect an underlying abnormality, predominantly renal.
Effect of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and angiotensin on blood flow in the internal carotid artery of man
Authors: Joseph C. Greenfield, George T. Tindall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Internal carotid artery blood flow and arterial pressure were measured with a sine-wave electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure transducer in 22 patients during control period and after the intravenous and intracarotid administration of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and angiotensin. Intravenous infusion of both norepinephrine and angiotensin was accompanied by an increase in cerebral vascular resistance. Administration of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and angiotensin into the internal carotid artery failed to alter blood flow immediately. However, when the systemic blood pressure increased, a concomitant passive rise in blood flow did not occur. Thus, at this time cerebral vascular resistance was significantly increased. It is concluded that these drugs do not have a direct action on the cerebral vessels, but that the increased cerebral vascular resistance after their administration is due to autoregulation or to a combination of autoregulation and reduced arterial carbon dioxide pressure (P(CO2)) secondary to hyperventilation. Similar studies were carried out in the external carotid artery of six patients. Within 10 sec after injection blood flow was markedly reduced, indicating a direct vasoconstricting action on this vascular bed.
Moving backward through perceptual compensation
Authors: Haluk Öğmen, Saumil S. Patel, Gopathy Purushothaman, Harold E. Bedell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract In the target article Nijhawan speculates that visual perceptual mechanisms compensate for neural delays so that moving objects may be perceived closer to their physical locations. However, the vast majority of published psychophysical data are inconsistent with this speculation.
WHO calls for 2% reduction a year in chronic disease mortality
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The World Health Organization has called on governments to mount a serious response to the looming “invisible” global epidemic of chronic disease.

To ensure that sustained actions are taken worldwide, WHO has set out, in a report published this week, a new target to reduce the death rate from chronic disease by 2% each year until 2015.

This would prevent 36 million deaths—mostly in poor and middle income countries—from chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes.

Of the estimated 58 million people who will die in 2005 about …
An Appraisal of the Evidence Underlying Performance Measures for Community-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Kevin C. Wilson, Holger J. Schünemann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Numerous organizations use performance measures to monitor the quality of care provided for a variety of clinical conditions. An appraisal of the evidence underlying such performance measures has never been reported. Our objective was to estimate the effects of interventions recommended by performance measures and to determine the quality of evidence from which those estimates derive, using the Joint Commission and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' performance measures for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) as examples. We performed systematic reviews of the literature to identify evidence related to the performance measures for CAP. Metaanalyses were then performed to estimate the absolute and relative effects of the interventions recommended by the performance measures. The Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to determine the quality of evidence. The estimated effects favored the interventions recommended by five of the six performance measures. These included pneumococcal vaccination (incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia: relative risk [RR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.75), blood cultures, antibiotic administration within 6 hours, use of a guideline-compliant antibiotic regimen, and influenza vaccination (incidence of symptomatic influenza: RR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22-0.40). However, among these performance measures, only influenza vaccination was supported by high-quality evidence. One-step smoking cessation counseling was contradicted by moderate-quality evidence (smoking quit rate: RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.90-1.22). The evidence supporting performance measures is frequently not of high quality and occasionally contradictory.
Genomic and Molecular Profiling Predicts Response to Temozolomide in Melanoma
Authors: Christina K. Augustine, Jin Soo Yoo, Anil Potti, Yasunori Yoshimoto, Patricia A. Zipfel, Henry S. Friedman, Joseph R. Nevins, Francis Ali-Osman, Douglas S. Tyler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Despite objective response rates of only ∼13%, temozolomide remains one of the most effective single chemotherapy agents against metastatic melanoma, second only to dacarbazine, the current standard of care for systemic treatment of melanoma. The goal of this study was to identify molecular and/or genetic markers that correlate with, and could be used to predict, response to temozolomide-based treatment regimens and that reflect the intrinsic properties of a patient's tumor. Experimental Design: Using a panel of 26 human melanoma-derived cell lines, we determined in vitro temozolomide sensitivity, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) activity, MGMT protein expression and promoter methylation status, and mismatch repair proficiency, as well as the expression profile of 38,000 genes using an oligonucleotide-based microarray platform. Results: The results showed a broad spectrum of temozolomide sensitivity across the panel of cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 100 μmol/L to 1 mmol/L. There was a significant correlation between measured temozolomide sensitivity and a gene expression signature–derived prediction of temozolomide sensitivity (P &amp;lt; 0.005). Notably, MGMT alone showed a significant correlation with temozolomide sensitivity (MGMT activity, P &amp;lt; 0.0001; MGMT expression, P ≤ 0.0001). The promoter methylation status of the MGMT gene, however, was not consistent with MGMT gene expression or temozolomide sensitivity. Conclusions: These results show that melanoma resistance to temozolomide is conferred predominantly by MGMT activity and suggest that MGMT expression could potentially be a useful tool for predicting the response of melanoma patients to temozolomide therapy.
No Therapeutic Effect of Extended Lymph Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wei-Jei Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

imaging studies, chest CT, which the authors indicated usually included the upper abdomen, was done in 89% of patients, but only 4% had CT or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.The marked difference in the numbers of mediastinal node staging attempts in the two studies (PLUS, n ϭ 135; Viney et al, n ϭ 10) reflects both the patients being studied and the diagnostic approach to clinical stage I/II disease in Australia.The other main difference relates to the description and definition of the end pointsavoided thoracotomy in our study and futile thoracotomy in the PLUS study.Although our study did not identify a reduction in the number of thoracotomies performed, this was because of the smaller number of patients identified with stage IV disease in our study (n ϭ 2 v n ϭ 7 in the PLUS study), and our approach to PET-detected N2/N3 disease during the time of the trial.If patients with stage IIIA, identified with FDG-PET in our study, were assessed by the PLUS criteria, as many as 26% of patients' management would have altered.But how stage III disease, which is detected by anatomic imaging by virtue of nodal enlargement, differs from FDG-PET-detected stage III disease, in which the nodes are not enlarged, remains uncertain.In both studies, the number of patients with stage II disease was small-11 patients in the PLUS study and 14 in our study-thus we emphasized that our findings mainly related to stage I disease, which comprised 92% of our patients.Although we did not present our long-term follow-up, which is currently being analyzed, we did report our 12month follow-up data.In the no-PET arm, 77% of patients were still alive compared with 80% of patients in the PET arm.These data are consistent with established survival data and underscore the appropriateness, quality, and accuracy of our work-up and patient selection.While we agree with van Tinteren et al that standards of conventional work-up (and we now include PET expertise/experience in this algorithm) differ between centers and countries, we cannot overemphasize the importance of clinical/surgical experience for the appropriate and quality management of patients with potentially resectable NCSLC.
Anti-lymphoma effect of naproxen and indomethacin in a patient with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kentaro Yoshinaga, Masanao Teramura, Koji Iwabe, Shoko Kobayashi, Michihiko Masuda, Toshiko Motoji, Hideaki Mizoguchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

A 77-year-old man with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell type, was treated with naproxen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), for paraneoplastic fever. A dramatic disappearance of not only the fever but also generalized lymphadenopathy was observed. Naproxen was continued, and he maintained remission for 10 months. When relapse of lymphoma occurred in spite of continuous naproxen administration, indomethacin, another type of NSAID, was tried. Surprisingly, rapid regression of lymphoma occurred again and was maintained for almost 1 year. These results indicate that NSAIDs are effective in some patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Classification and localisation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related antigen expression in normal oesophageal squamous mucosa and squamous carcinoma.
Authors: D S Sanders, C A Wilson, F J Bryant, J Hopkins, G D Johnson, D M Milne, M A Kerr
Journal: Gut (1994)

Using a panel of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related antibodies in normal oesophageal squamous mucosa CEA expression is present on suprabasal squames localised to the cell membrane. Immunoblotting shows that this positivity is predominantly due to a glycoprotein of around 180 kDa representing CEA itself. Positivity in squamous carcinomas is confined to cells in foci of squamous differentiation. A shift from membranous localisation to predominant cytoplasmic overexpression is shown between normal and malignant squames using confocal microscopy. The recognition of an adhesive role for CEA and a role in enhancing distant metastases in those tumours expressing CEA highlights the importance of recording CEA expression and changes in subcellular distribution between normal and malignant tissues; CEA expression in oesophageal squamous mucosa has not been well recognised previously and changes in expression may prove of great significance in the spread and dissemination of squamous carcinoma.
Cardiovascular Effects of Levodopa
Authors: Leon I. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The cardiovascular side effects of levodopa are potentially dangerous. It is important, therefore, that physicians understand the mechanisms involved in their production so that if treatment is indicated, a rational approach may be instituted. Investigations in the dog have shown that the acute cardiovascular actions of levodopa are primarily due to dopamine which is released into the circulation by decarboxylation of the amino acid.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Cardiovascular Actions of Dopamine</h3> The actions of dopamine are complex because the amine acts on three different receptors: β-adrenergic receptors to stimulate the heart,<sup>2</sup>α-adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction,<sup>2,3</sup>and dopaminergic receptors to cause renal<sup>3,4</sup>and mesenteric<sup>5</sup>vasodilation (Fig 1). When dopamine hydrochloride is infused intravenously at rates of 2.6μg to 7.1μg/kg/min to normal subjects, cardiac output increases, heart rate is not significantly altered, total peripheral resistance decreases, and renal blood flow and sodium excretion increase.<sup>4</sup>When higher rates of infusion
Pedestrian and Hypothermia Deaths Among Native Americans in New Mexico
Authors: Margaret M. Gallaher
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the nature of excess injury mortality among Native Americans in New Mexico. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective review of death certificates for deaths from unintentional injuries. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The state of New Mexico. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —New Mexico residents who died of unintentional injuries between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1989. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Cause-specific mortality rates. <h3>Results.</h3> —Over half of the excess mortality from all unintentional injuries among Native Americans resulted from hypothermia and from pedestrian—motor vehicle crashes. New Mexico Native Americans were nearly eight times more likely to die in pedestrian—motor vehicle crashes and were 30 times more likely to die of hypothermia compared with other New Mexico residents. At death, 90% of those Native Americans tested were highly intoxicated (median blood alcohol concentrations of 0.24 and 0.18 mg/dL for pedestrian and hypothermia deaths, respectively). Despite the fact that most Native Americans in New Mexico live on reservations, most deaths occurred at off-reservation sites in border towns and on roads leading back to the reservation. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The possession and sale of alcohol is illegal on many Native American reservations. This policy forces Native Americans who want to drink to travel long distances to obtain alcohol. These data suggest that this policy is also the likely explanation for the markedly increased risk of death from hypothermia and pedestrian—motor vehicle crashes in this population. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1345-1348)
256 JIS scoring system combined with 3 tumor makers (modified JIS score) is an exellent prognostic staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Analysis of 4525 patients with HCC
Authors: M. Kudo, H. Chung, Y. Osaki, H. Oka, H. Kasugai, Y. Sasaki, T. Seki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
SEDATIVES AND STIMULANTS: USE AND MISUSE
Authors: Dale C. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Each day, thousands of physicians prescribe potent, modern drugs in order to afford specific or symptomatic benefit for their millions of patients. Properly prescribed, these drugs help save lives, correct disabilities, and relieve suffering. All physicians know that potent drugs carry unwanted side effects and risks in addition to their beneficial properties. The problem for each physician, thus, becomes one of balancing probable benefits and risks in choosing the right drug, in the right dosage, at the right time, for the proper period, for a particular patient—recognizing that no two patients are exactly alike in the nature of their illness nor in their reaction to a given therapeutic agent. <i>Sedative and stimulant drugs</i>, like most other potent medicinals, are at once helpful and dangerous—more helpful and more dangerous for some patients than for others. This issue ofThe Journal(p 707) includes a symposium of four excellent communications on sedative
CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR AS A CRUCIAL FACTOR IN INTENSIVE PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT IN AN ALL ADOLESCENT WARD
Authors: WILLARD J. HENDRICKSON, DONALD J. HOLMES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

It is not only difficult but would be impossible to meet the challenge presented by these youngsters if we were not able to enjoy a genuine and mutually supportive interest in working with them. This program has been developed as a highly cooperative, closely coordinated effort on the part of the entire staff. Particular emphasis has been placed on attempting to establish a ward atmosphere in which intensive individual and group psychotherapy can be conducted against a background of dynamic social reality, rather than in the kind of environment which licenses the "crazy, mixed-up" behavior of hopelessly wayward youth.
Mice deficient in protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z are resistant to gastric ulcer induction by VacA of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Akihiro Fujikawa, Daisuke Shirasaka, Shoichi Yamamoto, Hiroyoshi Ota, Kinnosuke Yahiro, Masahide Fukada, Takafumi Shintani, Akihiro Wada, Nobuo Aoyama, Toshiya Hirayama, Hiroshi Fukamachi, Masaharu Noda
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
[637] LIPID STEATOSIS, METABOLIC VARIABLES AND BODY COMPOSITION IN THE SETTING OF HIV/HCV COINFECTION; FINDINGS FROM A LARGE RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: M. Rodriguez-Torres, S. Govindarajan, R. Sola, N. Clumeck, E. Lissen, M. Pessoa, P. Buggisch, I. Main, J. DePamphilis, D.T. Dieterich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
COPD in Chinese nonsmokers
Authors: Y. Zhou, C. Wang, W. Yao, P. Chen, J. Kang, S. Huang, B. Chen, C. Wang, D. Ni, X. Wang, D. Wang, S. Liu, J. Lu, J. Zheng, N. Zhong, P. Ran
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Little is known about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Chinese nonsmokers. The present study aimed to investigate the profiles of COPD among nonsmokers based on the Chinese Epidemiological Survey of COPD (CESCOPD). In the CESCOPD, 20,245 subjects aged 40 yrs or older were interviewed with questionnaires and spirometry tests. Subjects with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 )/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of &lt;0.70 were identified as having COPD. Data of 12,471 nonsmokers and 1,024 smoking COPD patients were analysed in the current study. The overall prevalence of COPD among nonsmokers was 5.2% (95% confidence interval 4.8–5.6). Being male, of advanced age, lower body mass index (BMI) and lower educational level, having exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, coal and/or biomass smoke, poor ventilation in the kitchen, a family history of respiratory disease and recurrent childhood cough were all independently associated with a higher risk of having COPD among nonsmokers. Nonsmokers with respiratory symptoms without airflow limitation showed a somewhat different pattern of risk factors. Nonsmokers with COPD were less likely to present with chronic productive coughs and lower BMI, while more likely to have received a physician diagnosis of asthma and respiratory diseases in childhood, than smokers with COPD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is prevalent among Chinese nonsmokers, and nonsmoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may have different profiles from smoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Elevation of soluble CD307 (IRTA2/FcRH5) protein in the blood and expression on malignant cells of patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: T Ise, S Nagata, R J Kreitman, W H Wilson, A S Wayne, M Stetler-Stevenson, M R Bishop, D A Scheinberg, L Rassenti, T J Kipps, R A Kyle, D F Jelinek, I Pastan
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
TCT-51 Prognostic impact of chronic total occlusion in patients with different severity of coronary artery disease - A report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry
Authors: Truls Råmunddal, Loes Hoebers, Jose P. Henriques, Christian Dworeck, Mkael Aasa, Per Albertsson, Oskar Angerås, Jan Harnek, Dan Ioanes, Ulf J. Jensen, Risto Jussila, Göran Olivecrona, Jacob Odenstedt, Göran Matejka, Elmir Omerovic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)