tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Research on Teaching and Learning Medicine
Authors: Steven E. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Teaching medicine is a profession and a pleasure, a vocation and an avocation. It is also, as current research convincingly shows, a form of behavior that can be studied, measured, and modified under controlled conditions.<sup>1-3</sup> General educational research has an active and growing national organization, the American Educational Research Association (AERA), which produces informative reviews of current work through the<i>Review of Educational Research</i>, has developed an<i>Encyclopedia of Educational Research</i>, and, in the<i>Handbook of Research on Teaching</i>, has created what is "likely to be voted the most influential educational book of the half century."<sup>4</sup> Research in medical education is a relatively new field of endeavor. Although the Association of American Medical Colleges has supported such systematic study for more than a decade, educational research is formally represented in the organizational pattern of only seven medical schools; the oldest of these programs was established in 1959. Other
"Addiction" Reactions in Cultured Human Cells
Authors: Guenter Corssen, Irena A. Skora
Journal: JAMA (1964)

By means of modern tissue-culture techniques, photomicrography, and time-lapse microcinematography, evidence was obtained that cellular effects of narcotic addiction are not restricted to the central nervous system. Other cells, eg, human epithelial-like cells, can develop tolerance for and physical dependence on morphine sulfate (MS). Marked degenerative cellular changes occurred after prolonged exposure to MS; but cytoplasmic activity appeared unimpaired as long as the nutrient medium contained MS in effective concentrations.
P496A novel atria specific gene and its transcriptional regulatory elements
Authors: Y Ohgino, F Hattori, Y Satoh, M Yoichi, S Tohyama, H Yamashita, K Yamabe, K Fukuda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: A cell-type specific genetic regulatory unit is very useful to obtain a pure cell-population for tissue engineering. At present, a spatiotemporal atrial cardiomyocyte specific gene has not been found yet. This study aims to find a genuine atria-specific gene and utilize an atria specific genetic regulatory unit.
Tackling the midlife crisis
Authors: C. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Re-invent yourself out of middle aged angst: ageing juvenile Carl Gray (42) contemplates the first day of the rest of his life. 

So, we'll go no more a roving

So late into the night,

Though the heart be still as loving,

And the moon be still as bright.

Lord Byron wrote this at 29 and was dead 10 years later, having had his crisis early in a big girl's blouse. Nowadays you're old young: youth gives way to “middle youth” at 30 and middle age covers the awful bit between fuddy and duddy. The prospect is not encouraging: illness, decline, death, and bereavement; the loss of parents, uncles, aunts. Middle age brings inklings of society's ageism and hatred of the old. Even prosperous middle age may not appeal, with its organised

holidays - anoraks and sensible insurance - jewelled wedding anniversaries, the cruise…. Spending more time with the family may not be welcome to you or them. Medical careers reach a long plateau after training and doctors seem more susceptible than others to the midlife crisis. Students and trainees unconsciously learn that illness and ageing are for others: the people in the beds. After a hitherto blameless career doing all the right things, doctors may feel real distress and surprise as the fury strikes: “This can't be happening to me!” Middle age brings misery with maturity but hope mixed with the horror.

You have left behind the upward view; onward is downwards now. You have got there and made it with several T-shirts. But … is this it? Better to travel than to arrive; to do is more fun than to complete. Every success is followed by anticlimax. Where has all the fun gone? It is a shock when deterioration is recognised in the all too soft tissues and skeleton. …
Clinical Lectures on some Points Connected with the Treatment of Wounds
Authors: W. Macewen
Journal: BMJ (1881)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL YOURNAL.dirt is scraped out.That which these people call the dirt is the *exquisite and complicated structure of the intestinal mucous membrane.But, while the mucous membrane is scraped out from within, there is also scraped off from without the circular coat of muscular fibres.The result comes to be that the intestine is converted into a comparatively unsubstantial material, consisting of two parts, or bands, one more slender than the other.When the mesentery is stripped off by the butcher, the peritoneal coverinc of the gut shrinks into a narrow strip,
Using epidemiological data to guide clinical practice: review of studies on cardiovascular disease and use of combined oral contraceptives
Authors: P. C Hannaford, V. Owen-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To explore the usefulness of epidemiological data to guide clinical practice by seeking an answer to the question "What is the risk of cardiovascular disease among users of currently available, low dose, combined oral contraceptives who are aged less than 35 years, do not smoke, and do not have a medical condition known to increase the risk of vascular disease?" <b>Design:</b> Review of all relevant published studies identified from the library of references held by Royal College of General Practitioners9 Manchester Research Unit, checking of reference lists of identified studies, and Medline search. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Identification of methodologically sound studies able to address the specific clinical question. <b>Results:</b> Our literature search identified 74 papers about the relation between current use of combined oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: 23 papers reporting risk of venous thromboembolism, 22 on ischaemic stroke, 13 on haemorrhagic stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage, 13 on all stroke, and 33 on myocardial infarction. Only five papers provided information that directly addressed our clinical question; all related to the risk of venous thromboembolism. Fourteen of the discarded papers probably had the potential to answer our clinical question. <b>Conclusions:</b> Much of the epidemiological data about the risk of cardiovascular disease in users of combined oral contraceptives is not useful to clinicians. Some of the discarded data could be made more useful to clinicians by reanalysis. This situation is unlikely to be unique to use of contraceptives.
Fusion of human keratinocytes with mouse fibroblasts: a model for keratinization study
Authors: X. LERY, G. LIZARD, J. VIAC, Y. CHARDONNET, J. THIVOLET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Fusion of human keratinocytes with mouse fibroblasts: a model for keratinization study Get access X. LERY, X. LERY INSERM Unité 209, CNRS ERA 788, Hôpital E. Herriot, Pavilion R, 69374 Lyon Ccdex 08, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. LIZARD, G. LIZARD INSERM Unité 209, CNRS ERA 788, Hôpital E. Herriot, Pavilion R, 69374 Lyon Ccdex 08, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. VIAC, J. VIAC INSERM Unité 209, CNRS ERA 788, Hôpital E. Herriot, Pavilion R, 69374 Lyon Ccdex 08, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. CHARDONNET, Y. CHARDONNET INSERM Unité 209, CNRS ERA 788, Hôpital E. Herriot, Pavilion R, 69374 Lyon Ccdex 08, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. THIVOLET J. THIVOLET INSERM Unité 209, CNRS ERA 788, Hôpital E. Herriot, Pavilion R, 69374 Lyon Ccdex 08, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s27, 1 July 1984, Pages 239–241, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb15614.x Published: 01 July 1984
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME WITH NORMAL CORONARY ARTERIES: A PROGNOSTIC STUDY WITH CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AT 3-TESLA
Authors: Romain Chopard, Jerome Jehl, Joanna Dutheil, Vincent Descotes-Genon, Marie-France Seronde, Nicolas Meneveau, Bruno Kastler, Francois Schiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Ultrastructural abnormalities in the dermal papillae of both lesional and clinically normal follicles from alopecia areata scalps
Authors: M. NUTBROWN, S. P. MACDQNALD HULL, T.G. BAKER, W. J. CUNLIFFE, V.A. RANDALL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Alopecia areata is a form of balding whose aetiology is uncertain. Although the dermal papilla in the hair bulb regulates the follicle and may play a part in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, its ultrastructure has not been well described. As clinically normal, i.e. non-balding, follicles from alopecia areata scalps show abnormalities at the light microscope level, it would be expected that they should exhibit the earliest pathological changes involved in the dysfunction of the follicle. This study was designed to investigate the ultrastructure of normal human scalp follicular dermal papillae and to see if changes occurred in the ultrastructure of dermal papillae from either lesional or non-balding regions of alopecia areata. Normal dermal papillae contained well formed fibroblast-like cells with large, oval nuclei and well-developed endoplasmic reticulum; the cells were separated from each other by extracellular matrix containing small pieces of collagen and basal lamina-like material. Dermal papillae from both clinically normal and lesional alopecia areata follicles were less well organized and the dermal papilla cells exhibited signs of cell injury and contained abnormal amounts of pigment; an increased concentration of fibrous material in the extracellular matrix and thickening of the dermal papilla-epithelial junction were also seen. Follicles from lesional areas showed more pronounced changes than clinically normal ones. Ultrastructural abnormalities in the dermal papillae of clinically normal scalp follicles support the study of these follicles as a prime research target. The changes detected suggest that dermal papilla cells in alopecia areata would be less able to synthesize regulatory factors and that these may have more difficulty crossing into the epithelial compartment. They are consistent with an early pathological role for the dermal papilla in alopecia areata, but do not distinguish whether this is a primary aetiological role or a secondary response to an insult elsewhere in the follicle.
Selection of a hepatitis B virus strain resistant to adefovir in a liver transplantation patient
Authors: Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, David Durantel, Sandra Durantel, Christopher Westland, Shelly Xiong, Carol L Brosgart, Craig S Gibbs, Parviz Parvaz, Bettina Werle, Christian Trépo, Fabien Zoulim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Improved glycemic control with colesevelam treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes is not directly associated with changes in bile acid metabolism
Authors: Gemma Brufau, Frans Stellaard, Kris Prado, Vincent W. Bloks, Elles Jonkers, Renze Boverhof, Folkert Kuipers, Elizabeth J. Murphy
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Bile acids (BAs) are essential for fat absorption and appear to modulate glucose and energy metabolism. Colesevelam, a BA sequestrant, improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to characterize the alterations in BA metabolism associated with T2DM and colesevelam treatment and to establish whether metabolic consequences of T2DM and colesevelam are related to changes in BA metabolism. Male subjects with T2DM (n = 16) and controls (n = 12) were matched for age and body mass index. BA pool sizes and synthesis/input rates were determined before and after 2 and 8 weeks of colesevelam treatment. T2DM subjects had higher cholic acid (CA) synthesis rate, higher deoxycholic acid (DCA) input rate, and enlarged DCA pool size. Colesevelam resulted in a preferential increase in CA synthesis in both groups. CA pool size was increased whereas chenodeoxycholic acid and DCA pool sizes were decreased upon treatment. Fasting and postprandial fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) levels did not differ between controls and diabetics, but were decreased by treatment in both groups. Colesevelam treatment reduced hemoglobin A1C by 0.7% ( P &lt; 0.01) in diabetics. Yet, no relationships between BA kinetic parameters and changes in glucose metabolism were found in T2DM or with colesevelam treatment. Conclusion: Our results reveal significant changes in BA metabolism in T2DM, particularly affecting CA and DCA. Colesevelam treatment reduced FGF19 signaling associated with increased BA synthesis, particularly of CA, and resulted in a more hydrophilic BA pool without altering total BA pool size. However, these changes could not be related to the improved glycemic control in T2DM. (Hepatology 2010;)
Specification of Select Hypothalamic Circuits and Innate Behaviors by the Embryonic Patterning Gene Dbx1
Authors: Katie Sokolowski, Shigeyuki Esumi, Tsutomu Hirata, Yasmin Kamal, Tuyen Tran, Andrew Lam, Livio Oboti, Sherri-Chanelle Brighthaupt, Manar Zaghlula, Jennifer Martinez, Svetlana Ghimbovschi, Susan Knoblach, Alessandra Pierani, Nobuaki Tamamaki, Nirao M. Shah, Kevin S. Jones, Joshua G. Corbin
Journal: Neuron (2015)
PORPHYRIA SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT BY ALKALINIZATION OF URINE WITH SODIUM BICARBONATE ASSESSED BY EXPERIMENTAL SUCTION BLISTER APPARATUS*
Authors: P. W. MONCKTON COPEMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Summary— Coproporphyrin but not uroporphyrin is excreted by the kidneys by a pH dependent mechanism. Alkalinization of the urine using 4–6 G. of sodium bicarbonate daily greatly increases the output of coproporphyrin. Three months treatment can be expected to improve the clinical signs of blistering of the skin in cutaneous hepatic porphyria. The coproporphyrin levels in the urine fall rapidly to be followed by the uroporpbyrin. An objective assessment of this improvement can be measured by applying controlled mechanical trauma to the skin using a suction apparatus. Skin fragility is lessened by treatment.
SUCCUSSION SPLASH IN DIVERTICULUM OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Authors: C. M. COOPER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

chloroform added alternately drop by drop, agitating, until about 2 c.c.-of chloroform and a sufficient quantity of the permanganate have been added.The other test is the Jaffe test.Ten c.c. of concentrated hydrochloric acid are placed in a test-tube and a very small drop of fresh concentrated solution of ordinary bleaching-powder is placed on the lip of the lube.The hydrochloric acid is poured into a tube containing 10 c.c. of the urine, car¬ rying with it the drop of bleaching-powder solution.
ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and pain
Authors: R C Spiller
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) is higher in patients taking immunosuppressive drugs, either as a result of reactivation of a latent TB infection (LTBI) or following a new infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb). We discuss the pathogenesis and spectrum of Mtb infection in light of its implication for the management of patients following biologic regimens. Among recent findings, during LTBI, Mtb can persist in the host for decades, localizing in many tissues and assuming different metabolic states that protect the bacilli from the harsh host immune defenses. Despite the strong host T cell response against Mtb, the bacilli may also replicate and multiply <i>in vivo</i>, and any event impairing immune function may lead to active and uncontrolled bacteria replication and active disease. The classic dichotomy between active and latent disease is being reconsidered in favor of a continuous and dynamic spectrum extending from infection to disease that can coexist in the same individual. This TB spectrum results from the dynamic interaction between the host immune system and the bacilli and can be maintained in equilibrium for decades, although treatments affecting the host immune cells may result in disease reactivation.
Selective Cinefluorography of the Extracranial Cerebral Circulation.
Authors: R. E. Whalen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Selective Cinefluorography of the Extracranial Cerebral Circulation.R. E. Whalen, M.D., A. Heyman, M.D., F.A.C.P., H. D. McIntosh, M.D., F.A.C.P.R. E. Whalen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. Heyman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, H. D. McIntosh, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-710_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOcclusive disease of the extracranial cerebral vessels is a major cause of cerebral ischemia. Surgical treatment of this disorder is dependent not only on preoperative visualization of an occlusive lesion, but also on the demonstration of the adequacy of blood flow in all of the major arteries of the extracranial circulation (innominate, subclavians, carotids, and vertebrals). Selective catheterization and cinefluorographic visualization of these vessels, using minimal amounts of contrast material, satisfies this need with little discomfort to the patient.Such studies have been obtained in 27 patients in whom a specially modified catheter has been introduced percutaneously into the femoral... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: R. E. Whalen, M.D.; A. Heyman, M.D., F.A.C.P.; H. D. McIntosh, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Durham, N. C. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 710-710KeywordsArteriesBlood flowCatheterizationCathetersCerebral ischemiaLesions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chronic Dizziness in Older Adults
Authors: Jose S. Cheng
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters1 August 2000Chronic Dizziness in Older AdultsJose S. Cheng, MDJose S. Cheng, MDBaylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX 77005-2646 (Cheng)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-3-200008010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I take issue with Tinetti and colleagues' article on dizziness among older adults (1). The authors concluded that dizziness should be called a syndrome because it is associated with "characteristics in multiple domains (cardiovascular, neurologic, sensory, psychological, and medication-related)." The word syndrome is misused. It is defined in the medical dictionary as "the aggregate of signs, symptoms, or other manifestations considered to constitute the characteristics of a morbid entity." In their discussion, Tinetti and colleagues admit that the "syndrome of dizziness" encompasses "a few discrete diseases."In his accompanying editorial, Dr. Drachman (2) enters a plea for ...References1. Tinetti ME, Williams CS, Gill TM. Dizziness among older adults: a possible geriatric syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:337-44. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Drachman DA. Occam's razor, geriatric syndromes, and the dizzy patient [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:403-5. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX 77005-2646 (Cheng) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDizziness among Older Adults: A Possible Geriatric Syndrome Mary E. Tinetti , Christianna S. Williams , and Thomas M. Gill Chronic Dizziness in Older Adults Athanasios Katsarkas Some Considerations regarding Geriatric Syndromes Elizabeth A. Phelan , Elizabeth K. Vig , and Itamar B. Abrass Metrics Cited ByWhat Is A Geriatric Syndrome Anyway?Some Considerations regarding Geriatric SyndromesElizabeth A. Phelan, MD, MS, Elizabeth K. Vig, MD, MPH, and Itamar B. Abrass, MD 1 August 2000Volume 133, Issue 3Page: 236KeywordsElderlySigns and symptoms Issue Published: 1 August 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Genetic variants of C1q are a risk for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: L. A. Trouw, F. A. S. Kurreeman, N. Daha, S. Bohringer, G. Stoeken-Rijsbergen, J. J. Houwing-Duistermaat, T. W. Huizinga, R. E. Toes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> The recognition molecule of the classical pathway of complement activation, C1q, is next to its role in complement activation also implicated in protection against autoimmunity. Complete genetic deficiency of C1q predisposes strongly to autoimmunity, culminating in a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like disease. In this study the authors analysed whether genetic variants of C1q would predispose to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Materials and methods</h3> For this purpose the authors genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in C1q in a Dutch set of RA patients and controls. The authors obtained replication in the North American RA Cohort (NARAC) and performed a meta-analysis on data from several cohorts. <h3>Results</h3> In the discovery phase, the authors tested 13 SNPs in the C1q genes, of which 5 showed a significant association with RA. A calculation for global significance revealed a significant association for the C1q gene as a whole, which was replicated in the NARAC cohort. Further meta-analyses on several cohorts displayed a similar trend. Finally the authors screened the C1q locus in order to fine map the association, and found a set of four SNPs that associate with RA and associate with C1q serum levels in healthy individuals. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Genetic variants in C1q, some of which associate with C1q levels, are a risk for the development of RA.
ABC of ophthalmology. Refractive anomalies.
Authors: P A Gardiner
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Disorders of shape and sizeRefractive disorders are basically purely disorders of shape and size determined by inheritance and growth.Correct refraction depends on the distance between the cornea and the retina and its relation with the curvatures of both the cornea and the lens.The three common disorders of refraction are hypermetropia (long sight), *@ ___. ._i | myopia (short sight), and astigmatism-which may exist on its own or in *1\ § *: 2 g ] combination with either myopia or hypermetropia.*\ n jZ < / The long-sighted eye is too short from back to front, so that focused images cannot be focused on the retina but fall behind it.Conversely, the short-sighted eye is too long, and focused images from any distance may fall in front of the retina.In any eye as an object coiiies closer its focused image within the eye moves further back.In short-sighted people there comes a point where it coincides with the retina: hence their ability to read without glasses, -----------------------f" ' >4though they may be severely handicapped for distance vision.