tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Air pollution interacts with past episodes of bronchiolitis in the development of asthma
Authors: B. J. Kim, J. H. Seo, Y. H. Jung, H. Y. Kim, J. W. Kwon, H. B. Kim, S. Y. Lee, K. S. Park, J. Yu, H. C. Kim, J. H. Leem, J. Y. Lee, J. Sakong, S. Y. Kim, C. G. Lee, D. M. Kang, M. Ha, Y. C. Hong, H. J. Kwon, S. J. Hong
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Exposure to ambient air pollution and bronchiolitis are risk factors for asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of air pollution on the development of asthma in children with past episodes of bronchiolitis. Methods A prospective 2‐year follow‐up survey consisting of parental responses to the I nternational S tudy of A sthma and A llergies in C hildhood ( ISAAC ) questionnaire, and allergy evaluations were conducted in 1743 children with a mean age of 6.8 years. Recent 5‐year exposure to air pollution was estimated using a geographic information system. Results Higher exposure to ozone was associated with airway hyper‐responsiveness ( PC 20 ≤ 16 mg/ml) at enrollment (odds ratio [ OR ] = 1.60, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 1.13–2.27) and with new episodes of wheezing during the 2‐year period ( OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.96–3.83). Past episodes of bronchiolitis were associated with both current wheezing and physician‐diagnosed asthma. When the two factors were combined, the prevalence of bronchial hyper‐reactivity ( OR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.41–6.24) and new wheezing ( OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 0.89–19.66) as well as current wheezing and physician‐diagnosed asthma was even greater ( P for trend &lt;0.05 for all). In children with both risk factors, lung function was significantly decreased, with atopic children being particularly vulnerable. Conclusion In children, the interaction between air pollution and past episodes of bronchiolitis resulted in a greater prevalence of asthma and pointed to an association with bronchial hyper‐reactivity and decreased lung function. These results suggest mechanisms underlying the development of asthma.
Incidence Rate of Adenocarcinoma of the Gastric Cardia, and Endoscopic Classification of Early Cardial Carcinoma in Henan Province, the People's Republic of China
Authors: Y. Guanrei, Q. Sunglian
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Mass surveys of 29,235 people in high-risk areas for esophageal carcinoma have been carried out, and 21,721 cases examined by gastroscopy were collected from 13 hospitals in high- and low-risk areas for esophageal carcinoma in Henan Province. During the mass surveys, it was found that the incidence rate of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (AGC) was 0.19 %, and the ratio of esophageal carcinoma (EC) to ACG was 3.28:1. The prevalence rate of AGC was 5.12 % in the 8 hospitals in the high-risk areas for EC, in contrast to 3.57 % (P < 0.01) in the group in low-risk regions, showing that the incidence rate of AGC was also high in the populations living in the high-risk areas for EC. Most gastric cancers detected in both the high- and low-risk areas for EC have a predominantly proximal location, most being located in the gastric cardia. The endoscopic findings of 79 cases with early adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (EAGC) are described. It is suggested that EAGC could be divided into four types - congestive type, erosive type, plaque-like type and polypoid type.
Role of serial troponin testing for diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction after cardiac surgery
Authors: Stephanie Lehrke, Evangelos Giannitsis, Margit Müller-Bardorff, Henning Steen, Armin Opitz, Hanno Peters, Uwe K.H. Wiegand, Hugo A. Katus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Endothelin messenger RNA and receptors are differentially expressed in cultured human breast epithelial and stromal cells.
Authors: P A Baley, T J Resink, U Eppenberger, A W Hahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Paracrine regulation is implicit in the biosynthesis and secretion of milk in the breast. An important determinant for this regulation in vivo is proximate cellular location as exemplified by stromal and epithelial cells in breast tissue. Cultured human breast epithelial cells exhibited low constitutive expression of mRNA for endothelin which was enhanced 20-fold after prolactin stimulation. Human breast stromal cells did not express measurable levels of endothelin mRNA under similar conditions. In a similar differential manner, the stimulated release of immunoreactive endothelin into medium overlay was observed only for breast epithelial and not stromal cells. Specific cell-surface receptors for endothelin and biochemical responsiveness to the peptide were observed only in the stromal cells.
Janet Anne Robertson
Authors: K. Palmer, J. Gray, J. Trew, R. Crosby, C. Toyn, B. Rochford, B. Crosby
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Born in Hamilton, Janet was the second oldest of four children and her family’s social convener from an early age. After house jobs and a rotation that included posts in New Zealand near extended family, Janet interspersed locum work with looking after whichever friend needed her at the time. She combined being a general practitioner in Hamilton with working in a needle exchange before joining the practice at Moffat, job sharing with her brother in law. When, 10 years ago, breast cancer was diagnosed , she continued to live a full, …
Pulmonary Arterial Webs
Authors: Kirk L. Peterson, Herbert L. Fred, James K. Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

PULMONARY angiograms performed serially are useful in defining the natural history of pulmonary thromboemboli.1 We recently encountered a patient suspected of having acute pulmonary thromboembolism in whom the initial angiogram revealed large intra-arterial filling defects. A similar study fifteen months later showed weblike deformities at exact sites of previously demonstrated lesions. We believe these webs constitute a new angiographic sign of antecedent pulmonary thromboembolism.Case ReportA 74-year-old woman entered the hospital in April, 1964, because of the abrupt onset of dyspnea 4 days earlier. One month previously the left calf had transiently become painful, red and tender. Three days . . .
Genetic databank launches ethics framework
Authors: K. Godfrey
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The UK Biobank, an organisation that plans to collect genetic data from half a million volunteers aged 45-69, has launched a draft ethics and governance framework to address concerns such as confidentiality and the use of its data.

The databank aims to link its genetic data with lifestyle information and the subsequent medical history of the volunteers. The organisers hope that the resulting data can be used for research into causes of common diseases, for public health purposes, and to develop new treatments.

Since the launch of the databank last year, however, …
Employment of men after myocardial infarction.
Authors: J F Mayberry, S V Kent, B Jenkins, G Colbourne
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Sur 48 hommes hospitalises pour infarctus du myocarde, 24 seulement ont repris leurs occupations professionnelles 6 mois plus tard; 14 sont encore en convalescence, 10 ont pris leur retraite anticipee, 11 ont ete licencies a cause de la maladie. Certains employeurs plus comprehensifs ont modifie les tâches pour reduire les efforts physiques necessaires
Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by monosodium urate monohydrate crystals and other inflammatory particles.
Authors: M Doherty, J T Whicher, P A Dieppe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Activation of serum C3 by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals and other particles was determined by immunofixation following electrophoretic separation of C3 and its activation products. Densitometry allowed quantitation of results. MSU, hydroxyapatite, brushite, and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals split C3 under conditions which demonstrate activation via the alternative pathway (AP). Quantitatively similar results were obtained in immunoglobulin deficient serum. Activation was crystal specific and was reduced by heating, grinding, sonication, and aging of crystals. Other inflammatory particles (e.g., blackthorn) activated C3 via the AP: noninflammatory particles (e.g., diamond) caused insignificant activation. It is suggested that particle-induced activation of the alternative pathway of complement may be important in the initiation of crystal-induced synovitis.
Second study shows that octreotide may prevent early rebleeding in cirrhosis
Authors: G. D'Amico, F. Politi, A. D'Antoni, G. Giannuoli, L. Pasta, G. Vizziani, M. Traina, A. Morabito, L. Pagliaro
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Jenkins et al have reported a randomised trial showing that long term subcutaneous octreotide together with sclerotherapy significantly reduces the risk of recurrent bleeding from oesophageal varices in liver cirrhosis.1

In a double blind placebo controlled pragmatic trial we have found that a 15 day course of subcutaneous octreotide was effective in preventing early rebleeding in cirrhosis. After acute bleeding of the upper digestive tract had been controlled, 262 consecutive patients with cirrhosis were randomised to receive octreotide 100 μg subcutaneously three times a day for 15 days (n=131) or …
Comparison of the Associations of Apolipoprotein B and Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With the Metabolic Syndrome in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
Authors: Naveed Sattar, Ken Williams, Allan D. Sniderman, Ralph D’Agostino, Steven M. Haffner
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The metabolic syndrome (MetS) as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Panel definition has been proposed as an indicator of cardiovascular disease risk. Both apolipoprotein (apo)B and non-HDL cholesterol (NHDLC) have been proposed as an additional indicator to identify patients at higher risk in MetS patients. Methods and Results— We studied 1522 individuals in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) who were 40 to 69 years of age and from 3 ethnic groups. Their anthropometric measures, lipids, apoB, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fasting and post-glucose load glucose, and insulin concentrations were measured, and insulin sensitivity was determined by intravenous glucose tolerance test. Differences in risk parameters in individuals with hyper-apoB/normo-NHDLC, and normo-apoB/hyper-NHDLC were compared in all IRAS subjects and again in those with MetS. In both cases, despite anticipated lower LDL cholesterol, the hyper-apoB/normo-NHDLC group had elevated risk indicated by greater waist circumference (both P &lt;0.05) and fasting insulin ( P &lt;0.01) and lower insulin sensitivity ( P &lt;0.001). They also had higher C-reactive protein ( P &lt;0.05). Moreover, the Spearman correlation of apoB was significantly stronger ( P &lt;0.05) in the direction of greater associated risk than that of NHDLC with body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, 2-hour glucose, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2-hour insulin, insulin sensitivity, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Conclusions— In conclusion, apoB is more closely associated with central adiposity, insulin resistance, thrombosis, and inflammation than NHDLC. Our data suggest that apoB is a better candidate risk parameter than NHDLC for identifying a subgroup of individuals with or without MetS with elevated cardiovascular risk.
Going to extremes
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A lot can go wrong between conception and that last, failed attempt at cardiopulmonary massage, but it's the two extremes of life that seem most fraught. To my knowledge, no cardinals or archbishops have opined on Lyme disease (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39363.530961.AD) or sepsis (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39346.696620.AE), but they've had a lot to say on abortion and end of life decisions.

Never out of the news and courts in the United States (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39384.487326.4E), abortion is firmly back on the political agenda in the United Kingdom. As Jonathan Gornall pointed out earlier this year, the core aim of anti-abortionists is the complete abolition of abortion, except where it's a matter …
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell nodules in bone marrow biopsies of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Kikkeri N. Naresh, Jiri Pavlu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

These are the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy findings in a 61-year-old woman who presented with anemia and thrombocytopenia. The white cell count varied between 14 and 50 × 109/L. The monocyte count varied between 1.1 and 2.2 × 109/L. The bone marrow evaluation showed features of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML-2). The upper panel of images from the bone marrow aspirate shows myeloid and monocytic lineage cells along with blasts. In addition, there are cells with moderately coarse chromatin and deeply basophilic cytoplasm, which are not blasts (green arrow). These are the plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which are better appreciated on the trephine biopsy. The middle panel shows H&E images of the trephine biopsy, which apart from features of CMML-2, showed nodules of atypical cells with round, oval to elongated nuclei, small nucleoli and scanty eosinophilic cytoplasm. Some of the cells have distinct cytoplasmic membranes. These cells were positive for CD123 (lower panel), CD68R, HLA-DR, CD56 and CD43, and focally positive for CD10. These cells were negative for CD34 and myeloperoxidase. Nodules of plasmacytoid dendritic cells occur in up to 20% in the bone marrow biopsies of CMML. These cells have been demonstrated to be clonally related to CMML [1].
Molecular and functional analysis of the antigen receptor of Art v 1–specific helper T lymphocytes
Authors: Victoria M. Leb, Beatrice Jahn-Schmid, Klaus G. Schmetterer, Hans J. Kueng, Daniela Haiderer, Alina Neunkirchner, Gottfried F. Fischer, Karl Nissler, Arnulf Hartl, Josef Thalhamer, Barbara Bohle, Brian Seed, Winfried F. Pickl
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
International College of Psychosomatic Medicine
Authors: Tom Sensky
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

tional College enjoy the substantial benefi t of receiving Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics and Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine as part of their annual subscription to the College. Fellowship of the International College confers international peer recognition for research and/or other work in psychosomatic medicine. The College will run specialist workshops at the World Congresses and elsewhere, to which College members will have priority access, and for which non-College members will need to pay a fee. The College is expanding its website, with plans to make available to members only, in a password-protected part of the website, a variety of useful resources in psychosomatic medicine, including information about recent publications by College members, and material from lectures and workshops that members are willing to share with their colleagues. The current Executive Board of the International College comprises Tom Sensky (UK, President), George Christodoulou (Greece, Past President), Jon Streltzer (USA, Secretary), Chiharu Kubo (Japan, Treasurer), Giovanni Fava (Italy, First President Elect) and Arnstein Finset (Norway, Second President Elect). The International College is always keen to welcome new members – membership is open to people of any profession who have an interest in psychosomatic medicine. More information about membership, and an online membership application form, are available on the College’s website – www.icpm.org. For further information, you are very welcome to contact the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine secretariat.
Man in Space
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1960)

We live in the age of sputniks. Now that man is planning to go right on out into outer space, we need information about the cluster of problems he will encounter as he ventures forth from his ordinary habitat. Man in space suddenly confronts a myriad of new or, at least, strange physiological and medical problems. Answers can hardly be extrapolated from studies done so far on the weightless state of zero gravity for a period of only slightly more than one minute. The experiences of solitude and boredom in model space capsules make us aware that man is still the limiting factor in space travel. The first problem to confront a man launched into space is the great gravitational build-up which develops at the time of leaving the launching pad. Something of the order of nine times the ordinary force of gravity is involved. Human centrifuges have this problem
Contrast Laryngography in Diagnosis
Authors: Bao Shan Jing
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A rational choice of treatment modality for patients with cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx depends upon a full evaluation of the size and location of the lesion and the extent of invasion of the adjacent structures. Radiological examination of the lesion is a valuable adjunct to clinical and endoscopic examinations. Currently employed methods are as follows: (1) Lateral soft tissue film of the neck. Its value is limited to detecting involvement of the preepiglottic, postpharyngeal soft tissue shadow and thyroid cartilage. (2) Frontal tomography of the larynx. Examination of the larynx by tomography is useful, but frequently disappointing. It is often difficult to detect a small lesion and it is frequently impossible to differentiate a tumor mass from an inflammatory edema.<sup>18</sup>(3) Barium swallow study. Barium swallow shows a fair visualization of the opacified areas; however, coating is often not adequate for a definite study of the hypopharynx
Airway Structure and Function in Eisenmenger's Syndrome
Authors: KAREN O. McKAY, PETER R. A. JOHNSON, JUDITH L. BLACK, ALLAN R. GLANVILLE, CAROL L. ARMOUR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The responsiveness of airways from patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome (n = 5) was compared with that in airways from organ donors (n = 10). Enhanced contractile responses to cholinergic stimulation were found in airways from patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome. The maximal responses to acetylcholine, carbachol, and parasympathetic nerve stimulation in airway tissue from these patients were 221%, 139%, and 152%, respectively, of the maximal responses obtained in donor tissue. Further, relaxation responses to isoproterenol and levocromakalim were absent (n = 2) or markedly impaired (n = 3) in airways from patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome. This attenuated relaxation response was nonspecific in that it was also absent after vasoactive intestinal peptide, sodium nitroprusside, papaverine, and electrical field application. These observations can most likely be explained by a decrease in intrinsic smooth muscle tone, as precontraction of airways revealed relaxation responses that were equivalent to those obtained in donor tissues. Morphometric analysis of tissues used for the functional studies revealed no differences in the airway dimensions (internal perimeter) or airway wall components (e.g., smooth muscle, cartilage) or total area to explain these observations. Although the mechanism for this observed decrease in intrinsic airway smooth muscle tone is not certain, it may be due to alteration in the substructure of the airway wall or, alternatively, may result from the continued release of depressant factors in the vicinity of the smooth muscle which permanently alters smooth muscle responsiveness.
The need to determine whether lung metastasectomy improves survival in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: T. Treasure, C. Brew-Graves, L. Fallowfield, V. Farewell, T. Golesworthy, P. Leonard, K. Monson, C. Russell
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Godlee highlights evidence that ought to lead to a more measured and evidence based approach to the management of advanced colorectal cancer.1 The current approach may be an example of well intended action that does not deliver the expected health benefits.

Current recommended NHS practice in patients with metastatic cancer in the liver or lungs, or both, is to monitor intensively by measuring the tumour marker carcinoembryonic antigen in the blood and screening regularly with computed tomography.2 Suspicion of recurrence is followed by further investigation, with the intention of surgically removing recurrent disease. The FACS trial, …
Scholar sports participation according to age and sex of students from military schools
Authors: A Marques, J Martins, F C da Costa
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Inside schools, scholar sports (SS) represent a good opportunity for students to be involved with physical activities (PA). In Portugal almost all schools promote extracurricular activities and students have the opportunity to engage in formal PA, oriented by a PE teacher. The aim of this study was to examine the sex and age differences in SS participation of students who attended military schools, and the association of SS and attitudes toward school and PE. A total of 505 boys (age 14±2 years) and 208 girls (age 14±2 years) participated in the study. The students were grouped in age categories of 10-12, 13-15 and 16-18. Questionnaires were used for data collection. To analyse the differences in SS participation according to age, the t test was used, and to compare sexes in each age group the authors used χ 2 . Cramer's V correlations were applied to identify the relationships between SS participation and attitudes toward school and PE. 93% of boys and 62% of girls reported to have participated in SS. Younger boys participated more than older boys in SS (p&lt;0.001). Among girls, although the differences were also significant (p=0.009), the older ones reported to be involved in SS more than the younger. While the SS participation among boys tended to decrease, the opposite tendency was observed in girls. Comparing age groups according to sexes, more boys participated in SS than girls (10-12; 95% vs 42%; 13-15; 95% vs 65%; 16-18; 86% vs 73%) and statistical differences were observed in all age groups. There was not a significant correlation between SS and attitudes toward school and PE in either boys or girls. For this particular population, SS represent a good opportunity for students to engage in PA on a regular basis. Even though there were high percentages of participants in SS activities in both sexes, boys still were more involved than girls in all age groups, which means that the activities are better promoted among boys or that girls prefer to choose other types of activities in their leisure time. The increased number of girls participating in SS with age seems to indicate that the school ethos could have the strength to influence them while they are attending this type of school. It suggests that school could play an important role in promoting PA, by providing the activities and an ideal environment.