tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Veterans Administration Medical Care System and the Private Sector
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The medical care system of the Veterans Administration (VA) is essentially a creature of Congress, an insulated protectorate of the legislative branch that has enjoyed modest growth and an exemption from the health planning strictures that the federal government has imposed on the private health sector over the past decade. Generally speaking, a remarkable calm has prevailed in the VA's medical care program at a time when the private health sector has increasingly begun to function as a price-competitive market, with all the attendant features of social Darwinism. Thus, an urgent question facing the VA is, How long can its . . .
Asthma in Latin America: a public heath challenge and research opportunity
Authors: P. J. Cooper, L. C. Rodrigues, A. A. Cruz, M. L. Barreto
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Asthma has emerged as an important public health problem in many Latin American countries over the past decade. In Brazil and Costa Rica, the prevalence of asthma and associated morbidity is as great or greater as reported in traditional high prevalence countries such as the US, but remains neglected as a public health priority. Asthma in Latin America is associated particularly with underprivileged populations living in cities but remains relatively rare in many rural populations. The causes of asthma in Latin America are likely to be associated with urbanization, migration, and the adoption of a modern ‘Westernized’ lifestyle and environmental changes that follow these processes that include changes in diet, physical activity, hygiene, and exposures to allergens, irritants, and outdoor and indoor pollutants. Because of the enormous social, genetic, and environmental contrasts within and between Latin American countries, and the large differences in prevalence associated with these differences, the investigation of asthma in Latin America provides important research opportunities to identify the social and biological mechanisms that underlie asthma development. Asthma in Latin America poses enormous challenges for health policy makers, health services, and researchers to respond to and alleviate the growing burden of asthma disability, particularly among marginalized urban populations.
A Case of Anamnestic Reaction with Rh Agglutinins
Authors: D. A. Osborn
Journal: BMJ (1949)

57 38 (41%) (5°3%) (12-2) (8IY%) 156 (33.5%.)Mortality rate of icterus gravis, 73 7%.Mortality rate of icterus gravis, mild cases included, 63-5%.Mortality rate of 160 cases of icterus gravis treated with exchange transfusion 22-5%.
Removal of Nasal Foreign Body
Authors: P. K. Edmunds
Journal: JAMA (1971)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— The interesting note of McMasters of Chicago (213:1905, 1970) relative to an excellent way to remove foreign bodies from the nose of children prompts me to relate a method I have found very simple and useful.I spray the involved nostril with a decongestant, then have the parent hold the child in the upright position on the lap of the parent. One arm of the parent encircles the arms of the child, the other hand is held firmly against the forehead. This adequately immobilizes the child.Using the blower, effluent tube of a suction machine and applying a nasal tip to it, I apply it to the unobstructed naris. Time the short, quick application of air blown into the unobstructed naris with one of the child's inevitable Waahs—and out comes the foreign body.
NOTES ON A CASE OF KERATOSES AND FIXED PIGMENTARY DEPOSIT FOLLOWING QUARTZ LIGHT THERAPY
Authors: K. G. COLQUHOUN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1927)

Journal Article NOTES ON A CASE OF KERATOSES AND FIXED PIGMENTARY DEPOSIT FOLLOWING QUARTZ LIGHT THERAPY Get access K. G. COLQUHOUN, M.D. K. G. COLQUHOUN, M.D. Honorary Dermatologist to St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 39, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1927, Pages 346–350, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1927.tb10097.x Published: 01 August 1927
Periodontal management of the patient with diabetes mellitus
Authors: TERRY D. REES
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2000)

Diabetes mellitus is a common medical disorder that will be encountered by every practicing dentist. Knowledge by the dentist of the general and oral signs and symptoms of undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus are essential, and patients displaying these signs or symptoms should receive medical referral. Patients suspected, or known to suffer from undiagnosed or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus should receive only emergency care until their health status has been properly evaluated. In the event the degree of control of a known diabetic is unknown or the patient is poorly controlled, antibiotic therapy should be administered in conjunction with any necessary surgical procedure or in the presence of oral infection. The practitioner must be prepared to manage diabetic emergencies should they occur in the dental office, and hypoglycemic incidents are most likely. The developing therapies now available for medical management of diabetes mellitus suggest that this condition will be more effectively controlled in the future, but medical consultation is important to proper periodontal patient management. New evidence suggests that advanced periodontal disease may interfere with diabetes mellitus control and the physician should be made aware of the patient's periodontal status. Under most circumstances, the well-controlled diabetes mellitus patient can receive safe and effective periodontal therapy with some modification of office protocol, and there is little reason to anticipate that the controlled diabetes mellitus patient cannot look forward to a lifetime of periodontal health if proper and timely periodontal therapy is rendered and the patient maintains effective oral hygiene measures accompanied by appropriate supportive periodontal recall therapy.
Mosaic HIV-1 vaccines expand the breadth and depth of cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Dan H Barouch, Kara L O'Brien, Nathaniel L Simmons, Sharon L King, Peter Abbink, Lori F Maxfield, Ying-Hua Sun, Annalena La Porte, Ambryice M Riggs, Diana M Lynch, Sarah L Clark, Katherine Backus, James R Perry, Michael S Seaman, Angela Carville, Keith G Mansfield, James J Szinger, Will Fischer, Mark Muldoon, Bette Korber
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
The Goulstonian Lectures ON THEORIES OF IMMUNITY AND THEIR CLINICAL APPLICATION: Delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London
Authors: A. S. Grunbaum
Journal: BMJ (1903)

AFTER some introductory remarks on the history of the subject of specificity, the lecturer said:] Immunity may perhaps be defined simply as the power to resist infection.Metchnikoff thinks it at present impossible to give a more precise definition of immunity to infectious disease than "*the complex of phenomena by which an organism can resist the attack of the specific pathogenic microbes," and the resistance (we may add) to their products.The two chief theories of the present day are those promulgated and supported by Metchnikoff and Ehrlich respectively.* I usejthis word instead of the bybrid enormity " antibody."
Alcohol potentiates hepatitis C virus replicon expression
Authors: Ting Zhang, Yuan Li, Jian-Ping Lai, Steven D. Douglas, David S. Metzger, Charles P. O'Brien, Wen-Zhe Ho
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Alcohol consumption accelerates liver damage and diminishes the anti–hepatitis C virus (HCV) effect of interferon alfa (IFN–α) in patients with HCV infection. It is unknown, however, whether alcohol enhances HCV replication and promotes HCV disease progression. The availability of the HCV replicon containing hepatic cells has provided a unique opportunity to investigate the interaction between alcohol and HCV replicon expression. We determined whether alcohol enhances HCV RNA expression in the replicon containing hepatic cells. Alcohol, in a concentration–dependent fashion, significantly increased HCV replicon expression. Alcohol also compromised the anti–HCV effect of IFN–α. Investigation of the mechanism(s) responsible for the alcohol action on HCV replicon indicated that alcohol activated nuclear factor κB (NF–κB) promoter. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a specific inhibitor of the activation of NF–κB, abolished alcohol–induced HCV RNA expression. In addition, naltrexone, an opiate receptor antagonist, abrogated the enhancing effect of alcohol on HCV replicon expression. In conclusion, alcohol, probably through the activation of NF–κB and the endogenous opioid system, enhances HCV replicon expression and compromises the anti–HCV effect of IFN–α. Thus, alcohol may play an important role in vivo as a cofactor in HCV disease progression and compromise IFN–α–based therapy against HCV infection.
Use of Statins and Outcome of BCG Treatment for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Paul Hoffmann, Thierry Roumeguère, Claude Schulman, Roland van Velthoven
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: The intravesical administration of bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine for high-risk, non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ is one of the most successful immunot...
Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania.
Authors: W. B. Atkinson
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Wm. B. Atkinson, Permanent Sec'y,1400 Pine Street. Philadelphia, May 20, 1892. <h3>Dear Sir,</h3> —At our session held this day in Harrisburg, the following resolutions were adopted: <i>Resolved</i>, That the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania hereby expresses its highest disapprobation of the practice of giving certificates or testimonials to secret preparations alleged to be of medicinal virtue, and calls the attention of the affiliated County Societies to the fact that such action on the part of members of the said societies is in derogation of the dignity of the profession, and in violation of the letter and the spirit of the Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association and of this Society. <i>Resolved</i>, That this Society likewise expresses its disapprobation of the practice of inserting advertisements of secret preparations in the columns of medical journals, such action being an insult to the intelligence of the profession, and a
Omeprazole v ranitidine.
Authors: C M Bate
Journal: Gut (1989)

stool samples and rectal biopsy showed a moderately active non-specific proctitis.Two weeks after his admission discrete ulceration and a thickened polypoid mucosa were evident in the descending and distal transverse colon at a limited colonoscopy.The appearances were thought to favour Crohn's disease and the histology was equivocal.He was treated with corticosteroids and was discharged feeling well three weeks after admnission on maintenance sulphasala- zine.Six months after presentation repeat colon- oscopy showed a pancolitis which histologically looked more like Crohn's disease than ulcerative colitis.He remained asymptomatic until four years after his initial admission to hospital when diarrhoea recurred.A sigmoidoscopy showed a granular mucosa and barium enema showed a pancolitis.Rectal biopsy favoured the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis.This patient had no bowel symptoms before his infective diarrhoea and it seems likely, as in the cases reported by Willoughby et al, that the chronic colitis was triggered by the enteric infection.There is much evidence to link the onset of chronic colitis to enteric infection with a variety of pathogens which more usually cause a self-limiting inflammatory colitis like Aer-onimonas hi'tlrophila.Examples other than those referred to by Willoughby et al include cases where chronic disease was linked to infections with Staph' lococcuis aureus, ELntamoeba histolYtica,l and salmotnella sp.Furthermore in a prospective study of acute colitis F coli with characteristics associated with pathogenicity were found in patients in their first attack of ulcerative colitis.4We agree that wide ranging microbiological studies are necessary eairly in the course of chronic colitis to elucidate this relationship more fully.
Today's facts are tomorrow's fallacies
Authors: Anton Sebastian
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Electricity was used in antiquity as treatment for various illnesses. During the reign of Nero, the Greek physician Dioscorides used the electrical properties of ray fish to treat headache. The first specific use of electrotherapy in angina was by the eminent French neurologist Guillaume Benjamin Duchenne of Boulogne. 

He tried it for the first time on a patient “Perone, aged fifty, a …
Contact Dermatitis from Currently Popular Tanning Agents
Authors: Chenault Hailey
Journal: JAMA (1960)

MAN TAN and similar preparations are being widely used to produce artificial tanning of the skin. The massive advertising program which claims they are safe has prompted this report of four cases of contact dermatitis from their use. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 47-year-old artist was using Man Tan as an after-shave preparation. After he was scratched on his right shoulder by a pet lion, he applied Man Tan as an antiseptic. He consulted a dermatologist 24 hours later because of an eruption in the area of the scratch. Upon examination, an erythematous, papular, vesicular eruption was noted around the area of the scratch; the eruption was confined entirely to the area of application of Man Tan, which was now well outlined by its brownish coloration of the skin. A diagnosis of contact dermatitis was made. The patient denied the application of any substance or medicament other than Man
Underutilization of High-Intensity Statin Therapy After Hospitalization for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Robert S. Rosenson, Shia T. Kent, Todd M. Brown, Michael E. Farkouh, Emily B. Levitan, Huifeng Yun, Pradeep Sharma, Monika M. Safford, Meredith Kilgore, Paul Muntner, Vera Bittner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Contact Tracing and the Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: George W. Rutherford
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Contact tracing, the practice of identifying and treating individuals exposed to certain communicable diseases, has long been a bulwark of public health practice in the United States.<sup>1,2</sup>Originally proposed in 1937 by Surgeon General Thomas Parran for the control of syphilis, it became firmly established in syphilis control programs by the late 1940s.<sup>3-6</sup>The central strategy in syphilis contact tracing was the early identification and treatment, first with arsphenamine and later with See also p 3563. penicillin, of asymptomatic individuals who had been sexually exposed to the disease and were therefore at risk of being infected and infective.<sup>5</sup>By tracing chains of syphilis transmission from a patient with known infection, and by treating all potentially infected contacts, transmission could be interrupted. The success of contact tracing was perhaps best seen in the declining prevalence of syphilis in the 1950s and in the control of localized outbreaks of
A History of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals
Authors: James S. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE HISTORY of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals is a story of the health professions' commitment to patient care of high quality in the 20th century. The story began on a summer day in England in 1910. While riding back to London from a visit to a tuberculosis sanitarium, Dr Ernest Codman was explaining his end-result system of hospital organization to Dr Edward Martin. According to Dr Codman, his system would enable a hospital to track every patient it treated long enough to determine whether or not the treatment was effective. If the treatment was not effective, the hospital would then try to find out how to prevent similar failures in the future. Dr Martin responded that he thought Dr Codman's system was one of the important reasons why an American college of surgeons should be established: An American College would be a fine thing if it could
Lessons learnt from engaging with the political system
Authors: Roderick Jaques
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

I am in my third year as the President of the Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine (FSEM UK) and while the footprint of the specialty remains small in the UK National Health Service (NHS), I have learned a few things when dealing with the political ‘establishment’.

Our specialty in the UK is still young. Recognised by the General Medical Council in 2006, we have, despite a worldwide recession and increasing health rationing, had to impress internally and externally in the medical and political sphere. Doctors in older specialties are under pressure for improved efficiencies and justification for expanding or even replacing retired colleagues. To some extent we develop an understanding in how to deal with colleagues, as we share common early educational and career pathways.

The political system, for many of us, has a different culture. The …
Recombinant herpes vector-mediated analgesia in a primate model of hyperalgesia
Authors: David C. Yeomans, Ying Lu, Charles E. Laurito, Michael C. Peters, Gina Vota-Vellis, Steven P. Wilson, George D. Pappas
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Some chronic pain syndromes are characterized by episodes of intense burning and hyperalgesia in localized areas of skin. These sensations are thought to be mediated, at least in part, by the activity of damaged, unmyelinated C nociceptors. These phenomena were modeled by assaying responses of macaques to thermal and chemical stimuli that produced periodic activation and sensitization of C nociceptors. Upon validation of this method, a recombinant herpes simplex vector encoding human preproenkephalin was topically applied to the dorsal surface of the feet of the monkeys. Immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay revealed that enkephalin peptides were being produced in releasable pools in sensory neurons innervating the treated skin area. Behavioral responses evoked by periodic sensitization and activation of C nociceptors innervating the vector-treated skin area revealed a substantial and long-lasting (at least 20 weeks) antihyperalgesic and analgesic effect limited to the areas to which the virus was applied. This approach may be a viable means of treating localized cutaneous burning pain and hyperalgesia.
Case 20-1969
Authors: Robert H. Schapiro, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Presentation of Case First admission. A forty-five-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of episodes of hematemesis.A year and a half before admission her abdomen became protuberant, with prominent veins. During the year before entry she experienced fatigue and pruritus. There were three episodes of hematemesis, eleven, six and three months before entry; one of the episodes was accompanied by jaundice.No transfusions had been given. There had been no exposure to toxic chemicals, and she had consumed alcohol only in small amounts. Ten years before entry, when she was two weeks post partum, bilateral thrombophlebitis of . . .
Abstract P1-02-06: Tamoxifen, Flaxseed and the Lignan Enterolactone Increase Stroma and Cancer Cell Derived IL-1Ra, Decrease Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in Estrogen Dependent Breast Cancer Explants
Authors: C Dabrosin, G Lindahl, A Abrahamsson, N. Saarinen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β have been shown to promote tumor angiogenesis, which may be counteracted by the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). A diet with high amounts of phytoestrogens such as flaxseed (Flax), genistein (GEN), and the mammalian lignan enterolactone (ENL) may affect breast cancer progression possibly in a similar fashion as the anti-estrogen tamoxifen. Both cancer cells and the tumor stroma may be targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, we set up a model with species-specific components of the microenvironment by establishing human breast cancers in nude mice and sampled released proteins by microdialysis. We show that tumors of mice treated with tamoxifen, fed Flax or ENL exhibited decreased in vivo release of IL-1β derived from the murine stroma and decreased microvessel density whereas dietary GEN had no effects compared to controls. Cancer cells released IL-1Ra were approximately five times higher compared with stroma derived and tamoxifen, Flax, and ENL increased these levels significantly whereas GEN did not. In vitro, estradiol decreased released IL-1Ra of breast cancer cells. ENL completely reversed this whereas tamoxifen further increased IL-1Ra levels. IL-1Ra had no effect on breast cancer cell proliferation in presence of E2 in vitro whereas endothelial cell proliferation was significantly decreased by IL-1Ra in a dose dependent manner. Finally, IL-1Ra therapy of tumor bearing mice opposed estrogen dependent breast cancer growth and decreased tumor angiogenesis. These data may provide insights into tumor-stroma mechanisms involved in estrogen effects on breast cancer progression and tamoxifen and dietary interventions against this disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-06.
Methadyl Acetate and Methadone
Authors: Edward C. Senay
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Heroin addicts were recruited for a 14-week open clinical comparison of methadone hydrochloride and methadyl acetate. Patients were randomly assigned to a methadyl acetate clinic in which methadyl acetate was dispensed to patients three times per week or to a methadone clinic in which methadone was dispensed six days per week. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in retention rates, illicit drug use, employment rates, or arrest rates. The group treated with methadyl acetate had more dropouts in the first seven weeks than the second seven weeks: this pattern was reversed for the methadone-treated group. The differences were significant (<i>P</i>=.01). Spontaneously reported symptoms suggest that induction with methadyl acetate may be a more clinically variable phenomenon than induction with methadone. The reduction of number of clinic visits in the group treated with methadyl acetate was not a source of variance in treatment effectiveness. (<i>JAMA</i>237:138-142, 1977)
Production of chronic congestive heart failure by rapid ventricular pacing in the rabbit
Authors: H. Masaki, T. Imaizumi, S.-i. Ando, Y. Hirooka, S. Harada, M. Momohara, M. Nagano, A. Takeshita
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The aim was to produce a model of low output congestive heart failure by rapid pacing in rabbits.To perform rapid pacing in rabbits, a custom made pacemaker was developed which is light (about 80 g) and can pace at up to 400 beats.min-1 for more than two weeks. A thoracotomy was done and two electrodes were sutured onto the left ventricle. A central venous pressure line was chronically implanted. With the use of this pacemaker, rabbits were paced at 350-400 beats.min-1 for several weeks.Central venous pressure increased from 1.4(SEM 0.2) to 6.4(0.5) mm Hg (p < 0.01, n = 14). After pacing for 16.1(1.6) d, haemodynamic studies were performed under anaesthesia with thiamylal sodium. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure was higher in the paced rabbits (n = 10) than in the control rabbits which underwent sham operation but were not paced (n = 6), at -0.6(0.6) v 19.3(2.0) mm Hg (p < 0.01). Cardiac output [673(56) v 536(45) ml.min-1, p < 0.10] and +dP/dt [1433(97) v 722(51) mm Hg.s-1, p < 0.01] were lower in the paced rabbits (n = 7-8) than in the control rabbits (n = 6). The paced rabbits had more ascites [1.9(1.0) v 45.9(18.9) ml, p < 0.05] and pleural effusion [0.4(0.3) v 12.9(6.7) ml, p < 0.10] than control rabbits. Plasma noradrenaline was higher in the paced rabbits (n = 11) than in the control rabbits (n = 7), at 1.59(0.43) v 0.60(0.05) ng.ml-1 (p < 0.05). The ratio of wet heart weight or lung weight to body weight was higher (p < 0.01) in the paced rabbits than in the control rabbits.Chronic biventricular congestive heart failure can be produced in rabbits by rapid pacing.