tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Differences in Susceptibility to Carcinogenesis. II. Approaches for Application and Uncertainty Analyses for Individual Genetically Acting Carcinogens
Authors: Dale Hattis, Robert Goble, Margaret Chu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In an earlier report we developed a quantitative likelihood-based analysis of the differences in sensitivity of rodents to mutagenic carcinogens across three life stages (fetal, birth to weaning, and weaning to 60 days) relative to exposures in adult life. Here we draw implications for assessing human risks for full lifetime exposures, taking into account three types of uncertainties in making projections from the rodent data: uncertainty in the central estimates of the life-stage-specific sensitivity factors estimated earlier, uncertainty from chemical-to-chemical differences in life-stage-specific sensitivities for carcinogenesis, and uncertainty in the mapping of rodent life stages to human ages/exposure periods. Among the uncertainties analyzed, the mapping of rodent life stages to human ages/exposure periods is most important quantitatively (a range of several-fold in estimates of the duration of the human equivalent of the highest sensitivity "birth to weaning" period in rodents). The combined effects of these uncertainties are estimated with Monte Carlo analyses. Overall, the estimated population arithmetic mean risk from lifetime exposures at a constant milligrams per kilogram body weight level to a generic mutagenic carcinogen is about 2.8-fold larger than expected from adult-only exposure with 5-95% confidence limits of 1.5- to 6-fold. The mean estimates for the 0- to 2-year and 2- to 15-year periods are about 35-55% larger than the 10- and 3-fold sensitivity factor adjustments recently proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The present results are based on data for only nine chemicals, including five mutagens. Risk inferences will be altered as data become available for other chemicals.
Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacology: Therapeutic Principles in Practice
Authors: Myles B. Abbott
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prediction of High-Risk Plaque Development and Plaque Progression With the Carotid Atherosclerosis Score
Authors: Dongxiang Xu, Daniel S. Hippe, Hunter R. Underhill, Minako Oikawa-Wakayama, Li Dong, Kiyofumi Yamada, Chun Yuan, Thomas S. Hatsukami
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
The Value of Trace Evidence
Authors: Joseph W. Spelman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE VALUE OF TRACE EVIDENCEIn medicolegal investigations even exceedingly small particles of biologic material may have immense value. In a recent case, 45 mg. of dried milk curds was the only evidence available to corroborate the unusual story of a mother suspected of infanticide and the illegal transportation of her dead baby.A securely wrapped cardboard box was found one morning on a city dump. A curious workman was startled to discover that it contained a human infant wrapped in a blanket and clad in a bloodstained cotton shirt and diapers. The identity of the child was quickly established . . .
Interleukin-25: a cytokine linking eosinophils and adaptive immunity in Churg-Strauss syndrome
Authors: Benjamin Terrier, Ivan Bièche, Thierry Maisonobe, Ingrid Laurendeau, Michèlle Rosenzwajg, Jean-Emmanuel Kahn, Marie-Claude Diemert, Lucile Musset, Michel Vidaud, Damien Sène, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Du Le Thi-Huong, Zahir Amoura, David Klatzmann, Patrice Cacoub, David Saadoun
Journal: Blood (2010)
Elevated Prostaglandin E in Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Authors: John R. Luderer, Laurence M. Demers, Eric M. Bonnem, Abdus Saleem, Graham H. Jeffries
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The syndrome of idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction, described by Naish et al. in 1960,1 consists of repeated bouts of idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction accompanied by diarrhea and at times steatorrhea. Despite clinical and radiographic evidence of mechanical obstruction of the intestine, no physical blockage of the lumen can be demonstrated. Moreover, no toxic, neurologic, endocrinologic or metabolic cause for this disorder has ever been documented. Prostaglandins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of other diarrhea syndromes, including cholera, carcinoid2 and the diarrhea associated with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.3 In the patient described below, with watery diarrhea, intestinal pseudo-obstruction and abnormal platelet . . .
Bronchial Asthma: A Problem Attributable to Sampling when Establishing its Psychopathology
Authors: A.K. Zealley
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

Using two psychometric tests (the EPI and the HDHQ) as indicants of psychopathology in patients with bronchial asthma, a sample of those who were attending a hospital clinic revealed significant psychological disturbance. This was in contrast with results obtained from cases of the same disorder sampled at random from a register to which the name of every new asthmatic was added at time of first (and sometimes only) contact with the hospital clinic. The group of clinic attenders had high mean neuroticism and hostility scores when first tested. Two years later their neuroticism scores were similar, though their hostility scores had decreased-this was especially demonstrable in the extrapunitive hostility subscale 'criticism of others'. The latter trend towards normality coincided with a reduction in frequency of clinic attendance, though the reason for this association may be related to other factors. The group of asthmatics taken from the register of diagnosed cases returned normal scores for both neuroticism and hostility. This study confirms that bias can be introduced as a result of the patient selection method. Before conclusions can be reached, attention must be paid to the representative nature of the sample.
Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann??s Disease)
Authors: ANNE DE VITS, BART KEYMEULEN, AXEL BOSSUYT, GUIDO SOMERS, LEON A. VERBRUGGEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The case of a woman suffering from progressive diaphyseal dysplasia is presented. Characteristic symptoms of crippling pain in both legs, severe aching in both forearms, and episodic temporofrontal and occipital headache were only partially regulated by corticosterold treatment. However, pregnancy resulted in a progressive disappearance of these symptoms, allowing withdrawal of steroid treatment. Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy performed immediately after delivery showed a decrease of the intense uptake in the forearms, tibiae, and skull, which had been documented prior to pregnancy. However, widespread pain recurred within 6 weeks after delivery, accompanied by a recurrence of multiple severely hyperactive foci on bone scintigraphy. Alterations of immune modulated processes and changes in bone mineral homeostasis and in endogenous cortisol metabolism during pregnancy can be considered as possible explanations for the temporary improvement in clinical and scintigraphic signs of progressive diaphyseal dysplasia in this patient.
Hypercalcemia stimulates expression of intrarenal phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin H synthase-2 in rats. Role of angiotensin II AT1 receptors.
Authors: H Mangat, L N Peterson, K D Burns
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

In chronic hypercalcemia, inhibition of thick ascending limb sodium chloride reabsorption is mediated by elevated intrarenal PGE2. The mechanisms and source of elevated PGE2 in hypercalcemia are not known. We determined the effect of hypercalcemia on intrarenal expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), prostaglandin H synthase-1 (PGHS-1), and prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2), enzymes important in prostaglandin production. In rats fed dihydrotachysterol to induce hypercalcemia, Western blot analysis revealed significant upregulation of both cPLA2 and PGHS-2 in the kidney cortex and the inner and outer medulla. Immunofluorescence localized intrarenal cPLA2 and PGHS-2 to interstitial cells of the inner and outer medulla, and to macula densa and cortical thick ascending limbs in both control and hypercalcemic rats. Hypercalcemia had no effect on intrarenal expression of PGHS-1. To determine if AT1 angiotensin II receptor activation was involved in the stimulation of cPLA2 and PGHS-2 in hypercalcemia, we treated rats with the AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan. Losartan abolished the polydipsia associated with hypercalcemia, prevented the increase in cPLA2 protein in all regions of the kidney, and diminished PGHS-2 expression in the inner medulla. In addition, losartan completely prevented the increase in urinary PGE2 excretion in hypercalcemic rats. Intrarenal levels of angiotensin II were unchanged in hypercalcemia. These data indicate that hypercalcemia stimulates intrarenal cPLA2 and PGHS-2 protein expression. Our results further support a role for angiotensin II, acting on AT1 receptors, in mediating this stimulation.
Control of radiofrequency lesion size by power regulation.
Authors: F H Wittkampf, R N Hauer, E O Robles de Medina
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The influence of power and exposure duration on lesion size in radiofrequency catheter ablation was investigated in 15 closed-chest dogs. Radiofrequency energy was delivered to the right ventricular endocardium between the tip of a standard 6F electrode catheter and a large W and durations of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 seconds. At necropsy 1 week later, well-demarcated homogeneous lesions were found when power had exceeded a threshold level that decreased from 1.8 W at 5 seconds to 0.7 W at 60 seconds. Lesion size ranged from 0 to 7.5 mm in depth and 0 to 9 mm in diameter. For the 5, 10, and 20 second ablations, lesion size was determined by exposure duration and power level. However, after a 20 second exposure, lesion size had reached maturity and was related to delivered power only. Therefore, a gradual, controlled growth of the lesion can be obtained by a stepwise increase of the radiofrequency power level with ample exposure duration at each level to allow for stabilization. At levels exceeding 7 W, the formation of a thin insulating layer of blood coagulum on the electrode surface caused an abrupt increase of impedance within approximately 30 seconds. Therefore, lesion size is limited to 8.5 mm in radiofrequency ablation with a standard 6F endocardial electrode catheter.
Biochemical Studies in Full-Blooded Navajo Indians
Authors: REUBEN STRAUS, JARVEY GILBERT, MOSES WURM
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The Navajo Indians, who have a low incidence of coronary artery disease and a high fat intake, have also been shown to have significant elevation of serum gamma globulins. In this electrophoretic study of patterns of serum proteins it was found that adult Indians had elevated gamma globulins but that Indian children had electrophoretic patterns similar to white children. These observations indicate that the gamma globulin elevation is not an inherited characteristic in this Indian race and is probably not related to the low frequency of coronary disease.
Effect of milk product deprivation on spondyloarthropathy.
Authors: T Appelboom, P Durez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

The patient, a 62 year old Japanese woman, had been suffering from RA since 1987.She was treated by gold thiomalate, bucillamine and salazopyrine without dramatic response.There were no rheumatoid nodules or signs of cutaneous vasculitis at that time.Laboratory data revealed an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 54 mm/h (Westergren), C-reactive protein of 5-4 mg/dl and positive rheumatoid factor (1:640 in RAHA test).Low dose corticosteroid therapy was started, and the response was moderate.MTX therapy was initiated in 1989, and the patient eventually responded to a weekly dose of 7-5 mg.Eighteen months after starting MTX, multiple painful nodules ranging from 5-15 mm in diameter gradually appeared and increased in number in the digits and soles.An infarcted area was observed in the centre of the nodules.Nailfold thrombi and periungal erythema were both present.However, no signs of visceral vasculitis or Raynaud's phenomenon were observed.The
Ten years on
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

It’s 10 years this week since I wrote my first editor’s choice (doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7492.0-h). It has been an exciting decade to edit a medical journal: a time of great change in healthcare and research, in the ways we communicate, in doctors’ working lives, and in what it means to be a patient. Underlying those changes have been quiet but dramatic shifts in the culture of medicine, away from longstanding hierarchies and dearly held certainties towards greater transparency and uncertainty, bringing with them a heady mixture of progress and discomfort.

Throughout the decade The BMJ has aimed to help doctors make better decisions, …
Endothelin Mediates Increased Pulmonary Vascular Tone in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Henry Ooi, Wilson S. Colucci, Michael M. Givertz
Journal: Circulation (2002)

In patients with chronic heart failure (HF), the pulmonary circulation is a major source of endothelin-1 (ET), and ET levels correlate with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The role of ET in causing pulmonary vasoconstriction in HF is not known, however, in part because of the confounding effects of ET receptor antagonists on systemic hemodynamics.To directly test the hypothesis that ET causes pulmonary vasoconstriction in patients with HF, we infused the selective ET(A) receptor antagonist sitaxsentan at increasing rates (0.3125 to 10 mg/min) into a left lower-lobe segmental pulmonary artery in 8 patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic failure (LV ejection fraction, 24+/-4%) and 4 control subjects with normal LV function. Changes in local PVR distal to the infusion site were assessed by measuring the change in pulmonary blood flow velocity with a Doppler-tipped wire and the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP). Total PVR at baseline was elevated in HF patients (177+/-23 dyne x s x cm(-5)) versus controls (89+/-21 dyne x s x cm(-5); P<0.05). In patients with HF, sitaxsentan caused an infusion rate-dependent decrease in local PVR (P<0.05 versus baseline; P<0.05 versus controls). In contrast, sitaxsentan infusion had no effect on local PVR in controls. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and MPAP were not affected by sitaxsentan in either group.Selective ET(A) receptor blockade caused local pulmonary vasodilation in patients with HF, but not in control subjects with normal LV function. These data indicate that ET contributes to the secondary pulmonary hypertension associated with HF.
Re: Alberto Briganti, Umberto Capitanio, Felix K.-H. Chun, et al. Impact of Surgical Volume on the Rate of Lymph Node Metastases in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy and Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2008;54:794–804
Authors: Jovo Bogdanovic, Vuk Sekulic
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Acute Schistosomiasis Mansoni in 10 Boys
Authors: WILLIAM D. CLARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

In August 1968 acute Manson's schistosomiasis occurred in 10 adolescent boys 2 to 8 weeks after swimming in the Turabo River. Clinical, laboratory, and serologic responses to infection were studied, and the river was surveyed for sources of infection. Striking variations in clinical manifestations were noted in the nine boys studied. One boy remained asymptomatic; six boys had fever and diarrhea; seven had hepatomegaly or splenomegaly, or both; and all had eosinophilia. Each boy had Schistosoma mansoni ova in his stool or rectal biopsy, or both. Fluorescent, complement-fixing, and flocculating antibodies were present 8 weeks after exposure, whereas circumoval precipitins did not appear until later. Skin test positivity increased from 56% to 100% between the eighth and 22nd week after exposure. Sewage effluent flows directly into the river, and 52 of 297 Biomphalaria glabrata collected shed S. mansoni cercariae.
Why do schizophrenic patients hallucinate?
Authors: Pieter R. Roelfsema, Hans Supèr
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract Phillips &amp; Silverstein argue that schizophrenia is a result of a deficit of the contextual coordination of neuronal responses. The authors propose that NMDA-receptors control these modulatory effects. However, hallucinations, which are among the principle symptoms of schizophrenia, imply a flaw in the interactions between neurons that is more fundamental than just a general weakness of contextual modulation.
A CASE OF MULTIPLE EPITHELIOMATA IN AN ALBINO
Authors: T. F. HEWER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article A CASE OF MULTIPLE EPITHELIOMATA IN AN ALBINO Get access T. F. HEWER, M.D. T. F. HEWER, M.D. Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories, Sudan Government, Khartoum.) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 10, 1 October 1932, Pages 469–476, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09541.x Published: 01 October 1932
Amateur soccer: injuries in relation to field position.
Authors: M Hunt, S Fulford
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

There is little information in the current sports literature regarding injury patterns and position of play in amateur or professional soccer matches.Lewin', reporting injuries sustained at Arsenal football dub, stated: 'One aspect not covered in this survey was the relevance of players' position to the incidence of injury.This study examines the types of injuries occurring in amateur football players presenting to the accident and emergency department of King's College Hospital in relation to the position of play on the field.
RUBBER FLASK CONNECTORS FOR HYPODERMOCLYSIS, INTRAVENOUS THERAPY AND OTHER USES
Authors: F. M. Pottenger
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Hypodermoclysis and intravenous therapy are at present administered by two general methods; namely, by means of the Kelly bottle and by the inverted flask as a reservoir with the necessary connections. Neither method gives complete satisfaction as used at present. Use of the Kelly bottle necessitates the transfer of sterile fluid from one container to another, offering an opportunity for contamination. To set up the inverted flask with the clamp and plate that are universally employed to maintain the stopper in position requires about five minutes. The metal connection corrodes under sterilization and use and the rubber ordinarily used soon deteriorates when subjected to repeated heat sterilizations. In an effort to overcome these difficulties, two rubber connectors were developed. These connectors slip over the necks of flasks or bottles in the same manner as nursing nipples and are made in sizes to suit the various requirements. By using these, an
AntiRANKL antibody maintains trabecular bone mineral density and increases cortical area in ovariectomized swiss-webster mice: A new therapy to counteract glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Authors: N.A. McHugh, H.M. Vercesi, C. Crain, A. O'Garra, R.W. Egan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Comment on Cefalu et al. The Alarming and Rising Costs of Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Call for Action! Diabetes Care 2014;37:3137–3138
Authors: John S. Yudkin, Victor M. Montori
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Cefalu et al. (1) used the findings of a recent study (2) to argue that the category of prediabetes is an important component of the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA’s) arsenal in diabetes prevention. They disliked our critique of the category (3), suggesting that prediabetes imposes an economic burden in its own right, that the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) demonstrates the benefits of intervening in prediabetes, and that by so doing medication use can be reduced.

We believe passionately in tackling the growing burden of diabetes and its complications by preventing obesity and increasing physical activity. Our argument is that a clinical approach by …
Abstract 4243: HMGA1: A driver of the stem cell phenotype in intestinal cyrpt cells and colon cancer
Authors: Amy M. Belton, Alexander Gabrovsky, Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue, Graça Almeida-Porada, Evan Colletti, David Huso, Linda Smith-Resar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although the HMGA1 gene is highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells and high-grade, poorly differentiated cancers, its function in these settings has not been clearly elucidated. The HMGA1 gene encodes the HMGA1a and HMGA1b protein isoforms, which are members of a family of non-histone, chromatin remodeling proteins. These proteins bind to the minor groove of AT-rich regions in the B-form of DNA, which leads to the recruitment of transcriptional factors that modulate gene expression. The HMGA1 gene is highly expressed during embryogenesis and in aggressive human cancers arising from different embryologic origins, including cancers of hematopoietic, lung, breast, prostate, and colon cells. Forced overexpression of HMGA1a or HMGA1b induces a transformed phenotype in cultured cells and inhibiting HMGA1 blocks transformation in human cancer cell lines. Because HMGA1 functions in transcriptional regulation, we hypothesize that it induces neoplastic transformation by dysregulating specific molecular pathways. To investigate the pathways disrupted by HMGA1, we are studying our HMGA1a transgenic mice as a model system. As previously reported, these mice develop aggressive T-cell leukemia with complete penetrance and females also develop uterine cancer. At necropsy, we also discovered polyps involving the small and large intestines. Histopathologically, the transgenic intestines are characterized by a thickened mucosal surface, hyperproliferative changes, and hamartomatous polyps. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals an increase in the population of intestinal cells expressing the colon stem cell marker leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr-5) in transgenic compared to wildtype mice. These data support our observation of an expansion in the crypt progenitor/intestinal stem cell populations. Our preliminary results also show that inhibiting HMGA1 expression in colon cancer cell lines interferes with anchorage-independent cell growth and tumorigenesis, indicating that HMGA1 is required for these transformation phenotypes in colon cancer. In addition, we found that HMGA1 is enriched in &amp;gt;70% of primary tumors with high-grade colon cancer. These findings suggest that HMGA1 is important in maintaining the stem cell niche in the intestine. Moreover, HMGA1 could promote neoplastic transformation and tumor progression in the intestine by driving a stem-like phenotype in colonic cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4243.