tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of coronary artery stenosis by intravascular Doppler catheter technique. Application of the continuity equation.
Authors: S Nakatani, M Yamagishi, J Tamai, H Takaki, K Haze, K Miyatake
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Quantitative assessment of coronary artery stenoses plays a central role in clinical decision making. According to the continuity equation, the ratio of the time-velocity integral of prestenotic to stenotic flow velocities represents the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the stenotic to prestenotic segments. However, no data exist regarding the application of this method to clinical assessment of human coronary artery diseases. Therefore, we attempted to determine the severity of coronary artery stenoses by applying the continuity equation to the coronary circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Nineteen patients with a stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and one patient with a stenosis in an aortocoronary bypass graft to the LAD were studied. Coronary flow velocities at the prestenotic and stenotic segments were measured with an end-mounted Doppler catheter (3F, 20 MHz), and the time-velocity integral ratio was calculated. Percent area stenosis was calculated as (1-time-velocity integral ratio) x 100. In three patients with severe stenosis (greater than 90% in area stenosis), velocity at the stenosis could not be determined because of aliasing of Doppler signals, and in four, Doppler signals at the stenosis were not measurable because of technical difficulties. The stenotic flow velocity was successfully recorded in 13 patients (65%) with mild to moderate stenosis. The diastolic peak flow velocity at the stenosis was 90 +/- 36 cm/sec (mean +/- SD), and was significantly greater than the velocity at the prestenotic segment, 48 +/- 18 cm/sec (p less than 0.01). Percent area stenosis determined by Doppler continuity equation correlated closely with that by biplane coronary angiography (r = 0.83, y = 0.92x-0.45, p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Application of the continuity equation to Doppler catheter measurement of coronary flow velocity can be used to successfully compute the severity of coronary stenoses. This may be a useful alternative method to estimate functional severity of coronary artery disease, although further technical developments will be necessary to improve the sensitivity.
Evaluation of Intradermal Skin Tests in Penicillin Hypersensitivity
Authors: Matthew A. Budd, Charles W. Parker, Carl W. Norden
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To further evaluate the accuracy of the penicilloyl-polylsine (PPL) skin test in detecting persons allergic to penicillin, this test was performed on 22 persons who had demonstrated hypersensitivity reactions to benzathine penicillin G (Bicillin) administered three months previously. Suitable control subjects were selected and skin tested with PPL. In the same subjects skin testing with penicillin G and a number of related molecules was also performed. Twenty of 22 subjects with a history of clinical allergy to benzathine penicillin gave positive PPL skin tests, whereas only two of 40 control subjects reacted to the same antigen. Penicillin G, as well as other antigens tested, was considerably less effective in detecting the hypersensitive individual than was PPL.
The Study of Heart Block in Man Using His-Bundle Recordings.
Authors: Anthony N. Damato
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969The Study of Heart Block in Man Using His-Bundle Recordings.Anthony N. Damato, M.D., Sun H. Lau, M.D., Emanuel Stein, M.D., Walter D. Berkowitz, M.D., Robert D. Patton, M.D.Anthony N. Damato, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Sun H. Lau, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Emanuel Stein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Walter D. Berkowitz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert D. Patton, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1075_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe localization of block in atrioventricular conduction was determined in 15 subjects with first- second-and third-degree block by recording His-bundle (H) electrograms via a tripolar electrode catheter positioned across the tricuspid valve. The H potential was recorded as a biphasic or triphasic spike occurring within the P-R interval of the standard electrocardiogram (EKG) and between the atrial and ventricular electrograms. Measurements in milliseconds were made of the intervals from the P wave to the His (P-H interval) and from the His to the Q wave of the QRS (H-Q interval). In all subjects with first-degree heart block (congenital, acquired, and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Anthony N. Damato, M.D.; Sun H. Lau, M.D.; Emanuel Stein, M.D.; Walter D. Berkowitz, M.D.; Robert D. Patton, M.D.Affiliations: Staten Island, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1075-1076KeywordsCathetersElectrocardiographyElectrode recordingElectrophysiological techniquesHeartLongitudinal studies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
TOXIN-ANTITOXIN IMMUNIZATION AGAINST DIPHTHERIA
Authors: WILLIAM H. PARK
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The development of antitoxin in the bodies of animals injected with diphtheria toxin is one of the best established of facts. Since von Behring and Roux announced the results of their investigations, large numbers of horses have been injected with toxin and have developed abundant antitoxin. Unaltered diphtheria toxin has been used also as a stimulating injection in man, but it has to be used in very small and repeated doses; otherwise it would produce annoying local reactions and possibly even paralysis. It was early realized that if we ever attempted actively to immunize children, the advantage would be great if we could replace pure toxin with an altered toxin which would be equally effective and without danger. <h3>USE OF TOXIN MODIFIED BY ANTITOXIN FOR ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION IN ANIMALS</h3> The earliest knowledge that injections of toxin almost neutralized by antitoxin are capable of stimulating in animals the production of antitoxin
HEMOTOLOGIC CHANGES IN VON WILLEBRAND'S FACTOR DEPENDENT PLATELET AGGREGATION AFTER LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IMPLANTATION: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Jeff Bander, Mehak Dhundey, Tapan Godiwala, Ellinor Peerschke, Christopher Huffman, Annapoorna Kini, Sean Pinney, Samin Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Colleges issue statement on minimal access surgery
Authors: C Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The senate of the royal surgical colleges of Great Britain and Ireland has issued a statement on quality assurance, aimed at ensuring that rapid advances in technology such as minimal access surgery do not affect standards of surgical care.

The statement covers surgical training, certification, audit, and continuing professional education. The senate has agreed several new measures including “the introduction into basic training of mandatory teaching, assessment and certification of a range of surgical skills including those required in the use of endoscopic equipment.” Trainees found “inept or physically unable to use any particular techniques,” says the statement, will not receive certification and will be unable to pursue a career in the …
Prevention of Recurrent Sudden Death
Authors: Elliot Rapaport
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The number of survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or sudden death has increased substantially in recent years. Emergency-care systems that promote bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, enable emergency medical technicians to arrive at the scene within four minutes after collapse of the victim, and permit definitive medical care by paramedical personnel within eight minutes of collapse can allow up to 30 per cent of patients to be discharged to their homes.1 In cities like Seattle, where a great deal of community effort and resources have been mobilized to resuscitate victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the percentage of successful initial resuscitations has approximately . . .
Personal health budgets: surplus of cash or deficit of ideas?
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Krishna Chinthapalli answers the key questions about personal health budgets

Personal budgets were first introduced for social care in 1997 and are used by over 125 000 people in England.1 Local councils give users a means tested sum of money to spend on care of their choice, as an alternative to existing social care packages. The Department of Health now wants to use personal budgets in healthcare, initially for people who need long term NHS community care.

In social care, the sum of money is given directly to users and can be used as they wish. Although direct payment may be offered to some users of NHS personal budgets, for others the primary care trusts or clinical commissioning groups will hold the budget and approve or reject users’ plans for the money.

Lord Darzi’s 2008 review, High Quality Care For All , first mentioned personal health budgets “to give individual patients greater control over the services they receive.”2 Since 2009, they have been piloted in 64 primary care trusts for people with long term conditions and for preventive measures, maternity care, and end of life care.

A three year study of the pilot schemes was published on 30 November, and on the same day Norman Lamb, the care minister, announced that the Department of Health would spend £1.5m (€1.8m; $2.4m) on rolling out the scheme to …
Lessons From Nuremberg: Ethical and Social Responsibilities for Health Care Professionals, Health Care Organizations, and Medical Journals
Authors: Theodore Friedmann
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Seidelman<sup>1</sup>describes the important role that<i>JAMA</i>itself played in promulgating the emerging horrors through its news reports describing the policy changes of the German government, in the German medical societies, and in the learned German academic institutions during the period from 1933 to 1939—changes that were at first merely ominous but that then became more and more overtly unethical. However, reading this fine piece of editorial history was an increasingly frustrating exercise in waiting for the slightest mention that the editorial staff ofTHE JOURNALtook any kind of ethical stand concerning the increasingly rabid eugenics and racial policies that were being acquiesced to and even fostered by German medical institutions. Where was the most gentle slap on the wrist of German medicine for what must have been clearly seen to be an assault on most of the principles of medical
Juniors' reaction to the Review Body
Authors: A. Bristow
Journal: BMJ (1982)

noted, however, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period among women with preexisting Graves's disease.'In a recent study2 a transient disturbance of thyroid function was found in 27 (5-3%) of 503 women, three to eight months following delivery; permanent hypothyroidism occurred in one (0 19%).Thus, while control of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy is no more difficult to achieve than in the non-pregnant state, pregnancy does have profound effects on underlying autoimmune phenomena.
Mapping of MYC breakpoints in 8q24 rearrangements involving non-immunoglobulin partners in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: P Bertrand, C Bastard, C Maingonnat, F Jardin, C Maisonneuve, M-N Courel, P Ruminy, J-M Picquenot, H Tilly
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Renal Excretion of Sodium in Arterial Hypertension
Authors: IRWIN B. HANENSON, HERTHA H. TAUSSKY, NATHAN POLASKY, WILLIAM RANSOHOFF, BENJAMIN F. MILLER
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Patients with arterial hypertension excrete a sodium load more rapidly than do individuals with normal blood pressure. The relationship of this abnormal sodium excretory response to blood pressure and such extrarenal factors as the central nervous system, dietary salt intake, body fluid volume and sodium content, and the adrenal glands has been studied. On the basis of this and other evidence, it is suggested that the exaggerated natriuresis is the result of a renal tubular defect which occurs after the development of hypertension.
Motor neurone disease: a hospice perspective.
Authors: T. O'Brien, M. Kelly, C. Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To describe and evaluate the management of patients with motor neurone disease from the perspective of a hospice. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of hospice medical and nursing notes. SETTING--Established 62 bed teaching and research hospice. SUBJECTS--124 patients with motor neurone disease cared for by the hospice between January 1980 and November 1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Patient profile; functional status; symptom control and use of opioids; insight; mode and management of death. RESULTS--124 patients (67 women, 57 men) had a mean age 63.9 years. The median length of admission was 61.5 days (range 1 to 2147). 84 patients (68%) were aware of their diagnosis and its implications when first seen by a hospice doctor. Functionally, the patients were very dependent. Symptoms such as pain, dyspnoea, and insomnia were major problems that responded well to opioids. Many patients were noted to deteriorate "suddenly," and in 58% of cases death occurred within 24 hours of this deterioration. When dying, 106 patients (94%) were peaceful and settled. 101 patients (89%) received opioids during this dying period. No patient chocked to death. CONCLUSIONS--Although motor neurone disease is an uncommon disorder, many of its symptoms occur commonly in medical practice and must be actively treated. Opioids are both safe and effective for such treatment. The term chocking is both inaccurate and inappropriate in describing the cause of death in motor neurone disease and its use should be abandoned.
Standard Pulmonary Nomenclature and Symbols
Authors: BENJAMIN BURROWS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorials1 September 1975Standard Pulmonary Nomenclature and SymbolsBENJAMIN BURROWS, M.D., F.A.C.P.BENJAMIN BURROWS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-3-419 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn an ambitious undertaking, a Joint Committee of two subspecialty societies concerned with pulmonary diseases (the American College of Chest Physicians and the American Thoracic Society) has attempted to standardize many of the terms and symbols currently used for pulmonary function and disease (1). Some of the Joint Committee's recommendations should be of interest to general physicians, as well as to subspecialists in pulmonary medicine and in respiratory physiology.The report updates previous recommendations of the "Pappenheimer Committee" (2) on symbols and provides definitions for certain terms used in respiratory physiology. The recommendations will hardly satisfy all authorities in the...References1. Pulmonary terms and symbols: a report of the ACCP/ATS Joint Committee on Pulmonary Nomenclature. Chest 67:583-593, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Standardization of definitions and symbols in respiratory physiology. Fed Proc 9:602-605, 1950 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. SCADDING J: Fibrosing alveolitis. Br Med J 5410:686, 1964 CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. KNUDSONBURROWS RB: Early detection of obstructive lung disease. Med Clin North Am 57:681-690, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SCADDING J: Diagnosis: the clinician and the computer. Lancet 2:877-882, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. BURROWSKNUDSONKETTEL BRL: Disease, dis-ease, and diagnosis, in Respiratory Insufficiency. Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers, 1975, pp. 3-9 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Respiratory Sciences College of Medicine Arizona Medical Center Tucson, Arizona PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLung Morphometry With HP Gas Diffusion MRIThe multiple meanings of "wheezing": a questionnaire survey in Portuguese for parents and health professionalsFibrose Pulmonar**Texto que serviu de fundamento a uma exposição feita, sob o mesmo título, no X Congresso da SPPR (Lisboa, 10 de Novembro de 1994)Concepts of normality applied to the measurement of lung functionNEWER CONCEPTS OF PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS AND BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH ON MENTAL ILLNESS 1 September 1975Volume 83, Issue 3Page: 419-420KeywordsPulmonary diseasesPulmonary functionPulmonary medicineRespiratory physiologySub-specialty careThorax Issue Published: 1 September 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ga-67 Scintigraphy With a Dual-Head Camera
Authors: DOV FRONT, RACHEL BAR-SHALOM, GALINA IOSILEVSKY, ALEX FRENKEL, MIGUEL GORENBERG, GERALD M. KOLODNY, ORA ISRAEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

High quality images are necessary for correct interpretation of Ga-67 studies in lymphoma. The authors were interested if there is a significant change in the quality of the Ga-67 images using a newly introduced dual-head camera compared with a conventional single-head camera. The tomographic spatial resolution, full width at half maximum, was found to be 9.63 mm compared with 13.7 for a single-head camera. The volume sensitivity was 380 cps/μCi/ml per axial cm as compared with 333 cps/μCi/ml, and point source sensitivity was 5.6 cps/μCi compared with 3.8. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001), when using the threshold technique, in the number of counts per pixel over a wide range of volumes and concentrations in phantoms when the two cameras were compared. There was also a significant difference (P < 0.001) in Ga-67 uptake in lymphoma lesions in patients when the same parameters were used for both cameras when using SPECT. The average uptake in lymphoma lesions, using a dual-head camera, was 529 counts/pixel with a range of 112 to 1275 counts/pixel in different tumors. With a single-head camera, the average for the same tumor was 216 counts/pixel with a range of 59 to 469 counts/pixel. The high sensitivity of the dual-head camera enabled high-quality, whole body scintigraphy, including the limbs, in 20 minutes compared with the 35 minutes necessary for the single-head camera for images which did not include the legs. Whole body Ga-67 scintigraphy is shown to be important in patients with lymphoma of the upper and lower limbs. The high sensitivity of the dual-head camera enables the performance of SPECT studies at 7 days after injection and planar studies of satisfactory quality at 14 days, resulting in clearance of the colonic activity and better evaluation of the abdomen. The authors conclude that, at the present time, a dual-head camera appears to be the most appropriate equipment to use for Ga-67 scintigraphy.
William Crawford Gorgas
Authors: Arthur Gallagher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> By the many admirers of the accomplishments of William Crawford Gorgas in controlling disease in the tropics your issue of Sept 11, 1967, with the reproduction of the painting, "The Culebra Cut" by Jonas Lie and the stimulating editorial, is welcomed. You refer to the perpetuation of his ideals in the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory in Panama City, Panama. In 1942 Wyeth Laboratories established the Gorgas Medal and Honorarium and has sponsored this annually in cooperation with the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States. In calling attention each year to a medical officer who has made a major contribution in preventive medicine, this award has sought to stimulate physicians presently in the federal service to emulate the accomplishments of Major General Gorgas. In 1966 the award was given to Col William D. Tigertt, MC, USA, for his studies with malaria. I congratulate you on your timely
THE CRISIS AND TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.
Authors: W. J. GALBRAITH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

I doubt if any disease has occasioned us more anxiety and disappointment in its treatment than pneumonia, which in a measure is due to the conflicting etiologic views, as well as to conflicting lines of treatment. It is not my purpose or intention to discuss the etiologic factors farther than it is necessary to establish my views from a therapeutic standpoint. No matter what line of treatment is applied, the increasing mortality has unsettled our minds to such an extent that we often wish we had adopted some other course. The unprecedented mortality of the present visitation of pneumonia recorded from so many districts of the United States persuades me to offer a line of treatment that has given me most gratifying results. It is evident we have become resigned to the expectant line of treatment, anxiously awaiting the discovery of an antitoxin to cure pneumonia, or a serum that
Bone as a Possible Target of Chemical Toxicity of Natural Uranium in Drinking Water
Authors: Päivi Kurttio, Hannu Komulainen, Aila Leino, Laina Salonen, Anssi Auvinen, Heikki Saha
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Uranium accumulates in bone, affects bone metabolism in laboratory animals, and when ingested in drinking water increases urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate, important components in the bone structure. However, little is known about bone effects of ingested natural uranium in humans. We studied 146 men and 142 women 26-83 years of age who for an average of 13 years had used drinking water originating from wells drilled in bedrock, in areas with naturally high uranium content. Biochemical indicators of bone formation were serum osteocalcin and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and a marker for bone resorption was serum type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTx). The primary measure of uranium exposure was uranium concentration in drinking water, with additional information on uranium intake and uranium concentration in urine. The data were analyzed separately for men and women with robust regression (which suppresses contributions of potential influential observations) models with adjustment for age, smoking, and estrogen use. The median uranium concentration in drinking water was 27 microg/L (interquartile range, 6-116 microg/L). The median of daily uranium intake was 36 microg (7-207 microg) and of cumulative intake 0.12 g (0.02-0.66 g). There was some suggestion that elevation of CTx (p = 0.05) as well as osteocalcin (p = 0.19) could be associated with increased uranium exposure (uranium in water and intakes) in men, but no similar relationship was found in women. Accordingly, bone may be a target of chemical toxicity of uranium in humans, and more detailed evaluation of bone effects of natural uranium is warranted.
Efficacy of Training in Obese Diabetic Patients
Authors: Per A Björntorp
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

The consensus of studies in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) seems to be that exercise has beneficial effects not only on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, but also on elevated plasma lipids, blood pressure, and obesity frequently following NIDDM. Feasibility of effective physical training programs in subjects suffering from NIDDM seems, however, questionable on a large scale because NIDDM is found mainly in physically inactive subjects over the age of 50. In such individuals, cardiovascular complications may also prevent physical activity of sufficient intensity. Although direct information is limited, the possibility remains that regular exercise may prevent or postpone clinical NIDDM, particularly by preventing the development of obesity.
The Apcmin mouse has altered hematopoietic stem cell function and provides a model for MPD/MDS
Authors: Steven W. Lane, Stephen M. Sykes, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Sebastian Shterental, Mahnaz Paktinat, Cristina Lo Celso, Jonathan L. Jesneck, Benjamin L. Ebert, David A. Williams, D. Gary Gilliland
Journal: Blood (2010)