tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Sample of Women
Authors: Andrea L. Roberts, Jessica C. Agnew-Blais, Donna Spiegelman, Laura D. Kubzansky, Susan M. Mason, Sandro Galea, Frank B. Hu, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Karestan C. Koenen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common, debilitating mental disorder that has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its risk factors, including obesity, in cross-sectional studies. If PTSD increases risk of incident T2D, enhanced surveillance in high-risk populations may be warranted. <h3>Objective</h3> To conduct one of the first longitudinal studies of PTSD and incidence of T2D in a civilian sample of women. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The Nurses' Health Study II, a US longitudinal cohort of women (N = 49 739). We examined the association between PTSD symptoms and T2D incidence over a 22-year follow-up period. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Type 2 diabetes, self-reported and confirmed with self-report of diagnostic test results, symptoms, and medications, a method previously validated by physician medical record review. Posttraumatic stress disorder was assessed by the Short Screening Scale for<i>DSM-IV</i>PTSD. We examined longitudinal assessments of body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, diet quality, physical activity, and antidepressant use as mediators of possible increased risk of T2D for women with PTSD. The study hypothesis was formulated prior to PTSD ascertainment. <h3>Results</h3> Symptoms of PTSD were associated in a dose-response fashion with T2D incidence (1-3 symptoms: hazard ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.2-1.6]; 4 or 5 symptoms; hazard ratio, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.3-1.7]; 6 or 7 symptoms: hazard ratio, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.5-2.1]). Antidepressant use and a higher body mass index associated with PTSD accounted for nearly half of the increased risk of T2D for women with PTSD. Smoking, diet quality, alcohol intake, and physical activity did not further account for increased risk of T2D for women with PTSD. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Women with the highest number of PTSD symptoms had a nearly 2-fold increased risk of T2D over follow-up than women with no trauma exposure. Health professionals treating women with PTSD should be aware that these patients are at risk of increased body mass index and T2D. Comprehensive PTSD treatment should be expanded to address the health behaviors that contribute to obesity and chronic disease in affected populations.
A new bioassay of VIP: results in watery diarrhoea syndrome.
Authors: M C Laburthe, C M Dupont, J D Besson, M Rousset, G E Rosselin
Journal: Gut (1980)

Cyclic AMP accumulation in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in culture (HT-29) is known to be particularly sensitive to the stimulating action of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). This property was exploited as a means of investigating the possible role of VIP as a humoral mediator in the watery diarrhoea syndrome. Our results showed that plasma from two patients with watery diarrhoea syndrome associated with ganglioneuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma strongly stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in HT-29 cells, whereas plasma from normal subjects and patients with other diarrhoeal disorders had no effect. The stimulation induced by serial dilutions of plasma from patients paralleled the VIP-induced response. Preincubation of these plasmas with specific anti-VIP antibody prevented their stimulatory effects. Plasma sampled after the arrest of diarrhoea (spontaneous or after surgical resection of tumours) elicited AMP rise in HT-29 cells. Tumour extract stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in HT-29 cells with a dose-response curve which was superimposable on the one obtained with standard VIP. The results lend support to the hypothesis that VIP is a humoral mediator in WDS and suggest that the diarrhoea is mediated through a VIP-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP in intestinal epithelial cells.
Is life becoming more of a pain?
Authors: P. Croft
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers p 1577 

The evidence for an epidemic of low back pain in the United Kingdom rests on the unrelenting rise in sickness and invalidity benefit payments for low back pain since the 1950s.1 Similar trends have been observed elsewhere in Europe, and the same period has also seen a steady rise in rates of general practice consultations for low back pain.2 3 Many have argued that these changes do not represent a true rise in the incidence of low back pain but an epidemic of work incapacity attributed to low back pain.1 Increasing acceptance of low back pain as a reason for sickness certification, particularly in the context of rising unemployment and lack of opportunities for rehabilitation, seems likely to have contributed to this, as have changes in social security provision.1–4 The underlying assumption is that the actual occurrence of low back pain in the general population has changed very little during the post war period. Data in this week's BMJ challenge that assumption (p 1577).5

The assumption is difficult …
Diagnostic Tests in Breast Cancer
Authors: ALVlN I. MUSHLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Optimal diagnostic strategies used in screening for breast cancer and evaluating breast masses depend on the likelihood of malignancy, findings at physical examination, and the accuracy of tests and procedures. Results from published series, in conjunction with calculations of the probability of malignancy based on test results, indicate that only mammography is needed for screening. A clinical sequence for evaluating palpable breast masses should include a combination of mammography, ultrasound examination, and needle aspiration. In patients with negative findings, the probability of cancer will be sufficiently low to obviate the need for immediate surgical biopsy. However, if there are positive findings, or the initial clinical likelihood of malignancy is high, excision of the mass is indicated.
VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Yunjuan Sun, Kunlin Jin, Lin Xie, Jocelyn Childs, Xiao Ou Mao, Anna Logvinova, David A. Greenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic protein with therapeutic potential in ischemic disorders, including stroke. VEGF confers neuroprotection and promotes neurogenesis and cerebral angiogenesis, but the manner in which these effects may interact in the ischemic brain is poorly understood. We produced focal cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 minutes in the adult rat brain and measured infarct size, neurological function, BrdU labeling of neuroproliferative zones, and vWF-immunoreactive vascular profiles, without and with intracerebroventricular administration of VEGF on days 1–3 of reperfusion. VEGF reduced infarct size, improved neurological performance, enhanced the delayed survival of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone, and stimulated angiogenesis in the striatal ischemic penumbra, but not the dentate gyrus. We conclude that in the ischemic brain VEGF exerts an acute neuroprotective effect, as well as longer latency effects on survival of new neurons and on angiogenesis, and that these effects appear to operate independently. VEGF may, therefore, improve histological and functional outcome from stroke through multiple mechanisms.
THE MODERN EXAMINATION OF A PATIENT WITH CHRONIC INDIGESTION
Authors: FRANKLIN W. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The examination of the patient is a search for the truth. We need accurate methods, good logic, and good judgment in conclusions, with no undue stress on any fact. There is a complaint that laboratory methods tend to make a less keen clinician. This is not necessary. The new facts enlarge his scope and should help him to make more accurate diagnoses. Our examination may be divided into (1) what we always do; (2) what we usually do, and (3) what we occasionally do. Since we can rarely use all our methods, good judgment is needed in selecting the tests to use in an individual case. We do not want to miss anything important and we do not want to waste time. Mistakes may sometimes be made, and a test omitted which is the key to the diagnosis, i. e., a Wassermann test, a roentgenogram of the gallbladder, a pancreatic
Foreign Residents and Interns in Massachusetts Hospitals
Authors: Carl Bearse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ACCORDING to a questionnaire survey made by the Massachusetts Hospital Association in 1959, a total of 530 physicians who had been graduated from foreign medical schools were serving as interns and residents in Massachusetts hospitals. This is 6 per cent of the aggregate in the United States. Of the 420 internships available in Massachusetts, 152 (36 per cent) were filled by non-United States graduates, and of the 1350 residency positions, 378 (28 per cent) were filled by graduates of foreign medical schools. This still left unfilled 25 (6 per cent) of the internships and 81 (6 per cent) of . . .
Personality Characteristics and Renin in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Charles Perini, Udo Rauchfleisch, Fritz R. Bühler
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

There may be specific personality differences between some if not all biochemically defined subgroups of patients with essential hypertension. A newly standardized protective test of reactions to frustration, a questionnaire related to such characteristics as aggressiveness and dominance, and a standardized interview were applied to 16 patients with established high renin essential hypertension and 21 patients of similar age with normal renin. High renin patients are significantly less assertive, fail to externalize their aggression, perceive frustration less and try to please others more; they have a stronger need to solve problems immediately yet tend to deny social conflicts. These tendencies are likely to create internal conflict and indicate a psychosomatic component in high renin essential hypertension.
Genetic variation in immunoregulatory pathways and atopic phenotypes in infancy
Authors: Sabine Hoffjan, Irina Ostrovnaja, Dan Nicolae, Dina L Newman, Raluca Nicolae, Ronald Gangnon, Lori Steiner, Karen Walker, Rebecca Reynolds, Deborah Greene, Daniel Mirel, James E Gern, Robert F Lemanske, Carole Ober
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Mutations in the RNA exosome component gene EXOSC3 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia and spinal motor neuron degeneration
Authors: Jijun Wan, Michael Yourshaw, Hafsa Mamsa, Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn, Manoj P. Menezes, Ji Eun Hong, Derek W. Leong, Jan Senderek, Michael S. Salman, David Chitayat, Pavel Seeman, Arpad Von Moers, Luitgard Graul-Neumann, Andrew J. Kornberg, Manuel Castro-Gago, María Jesús Sobrido, Masafumi Sanefuji, Perry B. Shieh, Noriko Salamon, Ronald C. Kim, Harry V. Vinters, Zugen Chen, Klaus Zerres, Monique M. Ryan, Stanley F. Nelson, Joanna C. Jen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
On Catarrhal Ophthalmia
Authors: H. Hancock
Journal: BMJ (1865)

I'his-so to say-vital etiology of disease played, in (lALys gone by, an important ptart ini the doctrines of the age; so miiuch so, as to have even originated a distinet school of medicine-Vase Belmont 's school of Vitalism-a lrinciple suppo`ed to preside o-er * Strictlv, for the word " re!in.",I should have substiuteed all ho nervous structures concerned in visioui.
The Challenge to the Medical Record
Authors: Robert S. Foote
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Abstract 4217: Contrasting mouse mammary cancer stem cells before and after EMT
Authors: Jochen Maurer, Lionel Hebbard, David J. Castro, Yoav Altman, Alexey Terskikh, Robert G. Oshima
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We isolated mouse mammary cancer stem cells from a Wnt1-driven tumor model of aggressive breast cancer. These tumorigenic progenitor cells show expression of marker of both luminal (keratin 8) and myoepithelial (keratin 14) cells, express CD24, CD29 and CD49f surface markers. The K8+, K14+ double positive cells can be greatly enriched from less than 5% of the tumor to greater than 60% of the cultured cells in a 3D-culture system under hypoxic conditions. Transplantation of these cultured cells generated tumors with the differentiated morphology of the tumor of origin from a few as a single cell. In a 2D culture setting under normoxic conditions, double positive cells generate single positive differentiated derivates. Serial transplantation of the tumor generated from the cultured cells resulted in increasing growth rate reflected by reduced generation time from 52 days to 21 days after four passages. The fast-growing tumors were strongly positive for vimentin, negative for K14 and few cells expressed K8. Analysis of the cells in 2D revealed a fibroblast-like growth pattern. When grown in 3D, the cells do not form spheroids but rather grow in an invasive pattern in Matrigel. This tumor line has undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). These cells also generate tumors from single cell transplants but do not generate heterogeneous tumors. In summary, we have succeeded in cultivating a mammary cancer stem cell, demonstrated its self renewal capacity and potential for differentiation both in vivo and in culture. Furthermore, we have isolated an EMT derivative that is tumorgenic but appears to have lost the potential for self limiting differentiation. This demonstrates that tumorigenic cells with severely restricted capacity for differentiation can be derived from a cancer stem cell. Potential therapies based on the potential of cancer stem cells to differentiate may need to be applied at very early stages of the development of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4217.
NOTES ON TWO CASES OF PELVIC SURGERY.
Authors: H. R. HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1895)

These cases I report, as throwing some light on the philosophy of ventrofixation: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Mrs. K., age 46. married twenty years; 2-para; youngest child 18 years of age. Seen first in June, 1892. Complained of menorrhagia. Five curettements had been done without much, if any, benefit. Perineum had been attempted by Tait's method which had not given satisfaction. In fact, there was yet a pronounced flatus vaginalis. The first thing I did for the patient was to curette the uterus carefully and pack it with iodoform gauze, and at the same time do an Emmet operation to repair the pelvic floor. The latter was a happy success, in so far as it restored the function of the pelvic floor, but this statement may be questioned, when I admit that it did not raise the uterus as high as its normal place, nor change it from its position in the
Acute Myocardial Infarction after the Use of Sildenafil
Authors: Rohit R. Arora, Michael Timoney, Lisa Melilli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: A 70-year-old man came to his physician with acute myocardial infarction after self-administration of sildenafil (Viagra) and nitrates, a case highlighting a new trigger for acute my...
Glucagon receptor of human liver. Studies of its molecular weight and binding properties, and its ability to activate hepatic adenylyl cyclase of non-obese and obese subjects.
Authors: J N Livingston, K Einarsson, L Backman, S Ewerth, P Arner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The glucagon receptor and the adenylyl cyclase system of human liver membranes were studied in six non-obese and six obese subjects who had elevated insulin and plasma glucagon levels. Analysis of specific glucagon binding by the method of Scatchard demonstrated a linear (monocomponent) plot with a dissociation constant of 2-3 nM, and the binding at low hormone concentrations was sensitive to guanosine triphosphate (GTP). The molecular weight of the glucagon receptor was 63,000 D as determined by an affinity labeling procedure and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Affinity labeling of this structure was specific for glucagon and inhibited by GTP. Glucagon stimulated the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by human membranes with half-maximal activation elicited by 6 nM hormone. The human cyclase system required GTP to facilitate an optimal glucagon response. NaF (10 mM) also activated the cyclase system and produced the same magnitude of response as maximum glucagon activation. A comparison of the liver adenylyl cyclase system of non-obese and obese subjects was made using glucagon (5 nM and 1 microM) and NaF (10 mM). No significant differences in cAMP production were noted between the two groups, regardless of the agent used to activate the enzyme. These findings agree with the glucagon binding studies that showed similar amounts of binding activity in the membranes from the two groups. Also, there was no influence of either age or sex of the subjects on the adenylyl cyclase response. In conclusion, human liver membranes contain a glucagon receptor and an adenylyl cyclase system that correspond closely to the well-studied system in animal liver. This system in human obesity is not altered by the approximately twofold elevation in plasma glucagon that occurs in this metabolic disorder.
Targeted gene disruption of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) suppresses development of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Robert Pyo, Jason K. Lee, J. Michael Shipley, John A. Curci, Dongli Mao, Scott J. Ziporin, Terri L. Ennis, Steven D. Shapiro, Robert M. Senior, Robert W. Thompson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Abdominal aortic aneurysms represent a life-threatening condition characterized by chronic inflammation, destructive remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and increased local expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Both 92-kD gelatinase (MMP-9) and macrophage elastase (MMP-12) have been implicated in this disease, but it is not known if either is necessary in aneurysmal degeneration. We show here that transient elastase perfusion of the mouse aorta results in delayed aneurysm development that is temporally associated with transmural mononuclear inflammation, increased local production of several elastolytic MMPs, and progressive destruction of the elastic lamellae. Elastase-induced aneurysmal degeneration was suppressed by treatment with a nonselective MMP inhibitor (doxycycline) and by targeted gene disruption of MMP-9, but not by isolated deficiency of MMP-12. Bone marrow transplantation from wild-type mice prevented the aneurysm-resistant phenotype in MMP-9–deficient animals, and wild-type mice acquired aneurysm resistance after transplantation from MMP-9–deficient donors. These results demonstrate that inflammatory cell expression of MMP-9 plays a critical role in an experimental model of aortic aneurysm disease, suggesting that therapeutic strategies targeting MMP-9 may limit the growth of small abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Integrated IVUS-OCT for Real-Time Imaging of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Jiawen Li, Xiang Li, Dilbahar Mohar, Aidan Raney, Joseph Jing, Jun Zhang, Abbey Johnston, Shanshan Liang, Teng Ma, K. Kirk Shung, Sari Mahon, Matthew Brenner, Jagat Narula, Qifa Zhou, Pranav M. Patel, Zhongping Chen
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Smokers come to accept plain cigarette packaging, Australian study shows
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Support for plain cigarette packaging increased significantly among Australian smokers after legislation came into force, researchers have shown.

Australia brought in plain packaging of tobacco products on 1 December 2012. The new law prohibited the presence of branding and trademarks on packs except for the brand name in a standard font. The packs are a drab olive brown colour, …
Regulation of acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit variants in human myasthenia gravis. Quantification of steady-state levels of messenger RNA in muscle biopsy using the polymerase chain reaction.
Authors: T Guyon, P Levasseur, F Truffault, C Cottin, C Gaud, S Berrih-Aknin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by auto-antibodies that attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the decrease in AChR levels at the neuromuscular junction, we investigated the regulation of AChR expression by analyzing mRNA of the two AChR alpha subunit isoforms (P3A+ and P3A-) in muscle samples from myasthenic patients relative to controls. We applied a quantitative method based on reverse transcription of total RNA followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using an internal standard we constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. An increased expression of mRNA coding for the alpha subunit of the AChR isoforms was observed in severely affected patients (P < 0.003 versus controls) but not in moderately affected patients, independently of the anti-AChR antibody titer. Study of mRNA precursor levels indicates a higher expression in severely affected patients compared to controls, suggesting an enhanced rate of transcription of the message coding for the alpha subunit isoforms in these patients. We have also reported that mRNA encoding both isoforms are expressed at an approximate 1:1 ratio in controls and in patients. We have thus identified a new biological parameter correlated with disease severity, and provide evidence of a compensatory mechanism to balance the loss of AChR in human myasthenia gravis, which is probably triggered only above a certain degree of AChR loss.