tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Opening the door for hepatitis C virus infection in genetically humanized mice
Authors: Mirjam B. Zeisel, Daniel Da Costa, Thomas F. Baumert, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major medical problem. Antiviral treatment is only partially effective and a vaccine does not exist. Development of more effective therapies has been hampered by the lack of a suitable small animal model. Although xenotransplantation of immunodeficient mice with human hepatocytes has shown promise, these models are subject to important challenges. Building on the previous observation that CD81 and occludin comprise the minimal human factors required to render mouse cells permissive to HCV entry in vitro, we attempted murine humanization via a genetic approach. Here we show that expression of two human genes is sufficient to allow HCV infection of fully immunocompetent inbred mice. We establish a precedent for applying mouse genetics to dissect viral entry and validate the role of scavenger receptor type B class I for HCV uptake. We demonstrate that HCV can be blocked by passive immunization, as well as showing that a recombinant vaccinia virus vector induces humoral immunity and confers partial protection against heterologous challenge. This system recapitulates a portion of the HCV life cycle in an immunocompetent rodent for the first time, opening opportunities for studying viral pathogenesis and immunity and comprising an effective platform for testing HCV entry inhibitors in vivo.
Dermatologic Changes Associated With Interleukin 2 Administration
Authors: Anthony A. Gaspari
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We have prospectively evaluated the skin changes that occurred in ten patients who were undergoing immunotherapy with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells to treat cancer. Serial skin biopsy specimens were obtained before therapy (baseline), during IL-2 administration, and during IL-2/lymphokine-activated killer cell infusion. All patients developed an eruption that was characterized by macular erythema, with burning and pruritus of the skin. It began after two or three days of IL-2 infusion and was usually localized to the head and neck; it occasionally became generalized (ie, erythroderma). The eruption resolved with desquamation within 48 to 72 hours after cessation of infusion of IL-2. Histologically, the changes were not specific. The only consistent immunohistological finding noted was the presence of DR + /Leu-4 + lymphoid cells surrounding blood vessels in the papillary dermis, with fewer of these cells in the epidermis. There was no difference between the clinical or histological features of the eruption that occurred with IL-2 alone and that which occurred with IL-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell infusion, suggesting that the cutaneous effects were mediated by IL-2 alone. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:1624-1629)
Seeding the World With Stem Cells
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abdominal decompression plays a major role in early postparacentesis haemodynamic changes in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites
Authors: J Cabrera
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Some cirrhotic patients with tense ascites who undergo paracentesis develop a circulatory dysfunction syndrome, manifested by an increase in plasma renin activity. Recently, a significant inverse correlation between postparacentesis changes in plasma renin activity and systemic vascular resistance has been demonstrated in these patients, suggesting that peripheral arterial vasodilatation could be responsible for this circulatory dysfunction, but the mechanisms by which tense ascites removal induces such changes are unknown <h3>AIM</h3> To investigate the role of a decrease in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in the development of early postparacentesis haemodynamic changes <h3>METHODS</h3> Eleven cirrhotic patients with tense ascites received a large volume paracentesis. A specially designed pneumatic girdle was used to compress the abdomen to avoid a decrease in IAP during ascites removal. Haemodynamic studies were performed before paracentesis, one hour after ascites flow stopped, and 30 minutes after pneumatic girdle deflation <h3>RESULTS</h3> When IAP was maintained at its original level, no haemodynamic changes were observed, despite large volume paracentesis. However, a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance was seen immediately after pneumatic girdle deflation <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Early haemodynamic changes after paracentesis are avoided if IAP is maintained at its original level. The abrupt decrease in IAP could be the trigger for the development of the initial haemodynamic changes that eventually produce postparacentesis circulatory dysfunction.
Brain Development and the E.E.G. of Normal Children of Various Ethnical Groups
Authors: G. Pampiglione
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Disorders of Sexual Potency-7ohnson MEDICALTJSHRNAL 573 where impotence or a disorder of ejaculation had persisted from the first attempt at heterosexual coitus.If a con- stitutional factor is of importance in the aetiology of these disorders, then it may be more relevant in cases of early onset than in cases of late onset.In the latter group, where the disorder of sexual potency developed after a period of normal heterosexual coitus, the aetiology was more often part of a psychogenic reaction to environmental factors.In Table III the androgyny scores of early-onset impotence and late-onset impotence are compared with the control group.A significant difference is seen to exist between the androgyny measure- ments of the early-onset and control groups.TABLE II.-Comparison by " t " Test of Neurotic and Non-neurotzc Patients with the Control Group Compared with Control Group Mean S.D. t P Control (N = 70) Androgyny score .. .. 90-8 4 9 Disorder of potency (N = 55) Neurotic constitution (N = 31) Androgyny score ... .. 87-0 6-0 3-1 0 001 Normal constitution (N = 24) Androgyny score .. .. 88-8 5-6 1-6 0-10TABLE III.-Comparison by "'t'" Test of Early-onset and Late-onset Impotence with Control Group Compared with Control Group Mean S.D. t P Control (N 70).90-8 4 9Early-onset impotence (N= 13) ..
Excess mortality among children discharged from hospital after treatment for diarrhoea in rural Bangladesh.
Authors: S K Roy, A K Chowdhury, M M Rahaman
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Five hundred and fifty one children aged between 3 months and 3 years were followed up at home for 12 months after treatment of diarrhoea in a rural treatment centre of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. During follow up the children were found to have a significantly higher mortality than generally observed in the community. The first three months after discharge appeared to be crucial, some 70% of the deaths occurring in that period. Severely malnourished children (nutritional state below 56% of the American National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standard of weight for age ratio) had a risk of death 14 times that of their well nourished counterparts (nutritional state 66% or more of the NCHS standard). The highest mortality occurred in 2 year olds, one in three of the severely malnourished children dying compared with one in 10 of the moderately malnourished. This pattern was not seen in children aged under 2 years. Immediate priority should be given to providing nutritional rehabilitation for malnourished children who contract diarrhoea.
Use of Radioisotope Angiography and Infrared Thermography as a Screening Procedure for Carotid Occlusive Disease.
Authors: Elias Rand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Use of Radioisotope Angiography and Infrared Thermography as a Screening Procedure for Carotid Occlusive Disease.Elias Rand, M.D.Elias Rand, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1080_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study establishes a safe and yet reliable screening procedure to detect patients with carotid occlusive disease. During the past 1½ years all patients referred to the nuclear diagnostic laboratory for brain scanning because of neurologic complaints or findings have also had radioisotope angiography and cerebral blood flow studies done with the gamma camera. Six hundred twenty-four procedures of this type have been done. Of these, 27 have shown evidence of major occlusive disease of the common carotid, internal carotid, and middle cerebral vessels. All these patients had infrared thermography performed either with the Barnes thermograph or more recently with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooklyn, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDisclosure of the significant thermal effects of large blood vessels during cryosurgery through infrared temperature mapping 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1080-1080KeywordsAngiographyBlood flowBrainResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Influence of cigarette smoking on human autonomic function.
Authors: O N Niedermaier, M L Smith, L A Beightol, Z Zukowska-Grojec, D S Goldstein, D L Eckberg
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Although cigarette smoking is known to lead to widespread augmentation of sympathetic nervous system activity, little is known about the effects of smoking on directly measured human sympathetic activity and its reflex control. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the acute effects of smoking two research-grade cigarettes on muscle sympathetic nerve activity and on arterial baroreflex-mediated changes of sympathetic and vagal neural cardiovascular outflows in eight healthy habitual smokers. Measurements were made during frequency-controlled breathing, graded Valsalva maneuvers, and carotid baroreceptor stimulation with ramped sequences of neck pressure and suction. Smoking provoked the following changes: Arterial pressure increased significantly, and RR intervals, RR interval spectral power at the respiratory frequency, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity decreased. Plasma nicotine levels increased significantly, but plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neuropeptide Y levels did not change. Peak sympathetic nerve activity during and systolic pressure overshoots after Valsalva straining increased significantly in proportion to increases of plasma nicotine levels. The average carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex relation shifted rightward and downward on arterial pressure and RR interval axes; average gain, operational point, and response range did not change. CONCLUSIONS In habitual smokers, smoking acutely reduces baseline levels of vagal-cardiac nerve activity and completely resets vagally mediated arterial baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responses. Smoking also reduces muscle sympathetic nerve activity but augments increases of sympathetic activity triggered by brief arterial pressure reductions. This pattern of autonomic changes is likely to influence smokers' responses to acute arterial pressure reductions importantly.
Recent Electrophysiologic Studies on the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: E. Neil Moore, Joseph F. Spear, John P. Boineau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE pre-excitation syndrome has fascinated cardiologists since its initial description in 1930 by Wolff, Parkinson and White.1 In the Wolff-Parkinson-White electrocardiographic anomaly, the ventricles are activated earlier than would be anticipated if the impulse reached the ventricles over the normal atrioventricular conduction system. In the typical electrocardiogram, the PR interval is shorter than normal and usually does not exceed 0.12 second. There is also an initial delta wave, resulting in a QRS width of at least 0.12 second in duration. A delta wave is the slowly rising, slurred initial deflection of the QRS observed in the syndrome. Numerous variations of . . .
Fumaric acid derivatives evoke a transient increase in intracellular free calcium concentration and inhibit the proliferation of human keratinocytes
Authors: H.B. THIO, T.P.L. ZOMERDIJK, C. OUDSHOORN, J. KEMPENAAR, P.H. NIBBERING, J.G. SCHROEFF, M. PONEC
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Systemic administration of fumaric acid (FA) derivatives was originally an empirical antipsoriatic treatment, which showed promising clinical results. In the present study, FURA-2-loaded suspensions of cultured normal keratinocytes and SV40-transformed keratinocytes (SVK-14 cells) were used to study the effects of FA derivatives on the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Monomethylfumarate (MMF), dimethylfumarate (DMF) and monoethylfumarate (MEF) induced a rapid, transient [Ca2+]i increase in both cell types. This immediate increase reached maximal values of 396 nmol/l 10s after addition of MMF, and fell to basal values within 90-120 s (173 nmol/l for normal keratinocytes and 68 nmol/l for transformed keratinocytes). This increase was not affected by the prior addition of EGTA, indicating that FA derivatives released Ca2+ mainly from intracellular stores into the cytoplasm. Subsequently, dose-dependent inhibitory effects of FA derivatives on keratinocyte proliferation were demonstrated. The results of these experiments revealed that DMF was the most potent, MMF and MEF intermediate, and FA and malonic acid the least potent growth inhibitors. These antiproliferative effects of FA derivatives might be linked to the observed, transient [Ca2+]i elevations.
Passive mechanics of lung and chest wall in patients who failed or succeeded in trials of weaning.
Authors: A Jubran, M J Tobin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

In an accompanying article (Jubran, et al., Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 155:906-915), we report that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who failed a trial of weaning from mechanical ventilation developed worsening of pulmonary mechanics compared with patients who tolerated the trial and were extubated. We wondered whether the greater derangements in pulmonary mechanics in the weaning failure patients are evident ever before undertaking the weaning trial. We measured mechanics of the respiratory system, lung, and chest wall during passive ventilation at usual ventilator settings in 12 patients who went on to fail a weaning trial and in 12 patients who were successfully weaned. No differences in the resistances of the respiratory system, lung, and chest wall were observed between the two groups or when the resistances were separated into the components derived from ohmic resistance and viscoelastic behavior/time-constant inhomogeneities. Likewise, the groups did not differ in terms of static elastance and dynamic intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) of the respiratory system and the respective lung and chest wall components or in terms of dynamic elastances of the respiratory system and chest wall. The failure group had a higher dynamic elastance of the lung than the success group (p < 0.01), but the individual values showed considerable overlap among the patients in the two groups so limiting its usefulness in signaling a patient's ability to sustain spontaneous ventilation. Thus, mechanics of the respiratory system and its lung and chest wall components during passive ventilation did not satisfactorily discriminate between patients who failed a weaning trial and those successfully weaned, and, thus, are unlikely to be useful in signaling a patient's ability to tolerate the discontinuation of mechanical ventilation.
Starvation: Stress or Satisfaction?
Authors: Evelyn Crumpton
Journal: JAMA (1966)

After prolonged fasting, obese men showed no significant impairment of memorization of nonsense syllables, repetition of digits forward and backward, mental control, or hand steadiness. The trend, if any, was toward improvement rather than impairment. Irritability, depression, and resistance to testing increased, but also increased was overall satisfaction with self. The typical behavioral reaction appeared to be a reversion to immature, dependent modes of living, which, however, did not represent any real threat to the psychological health of emotionally stable subjects. It appears that fasting for long periods is not especially stressful when it results in an extreme weight loss and consequent increase in self-esteem.
Serum interleukin 10 and interleukin 11 in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: C-C Chen, S-S Wang, R-H Lu, F-Y Chang, S-D Lee
Journal: Gut (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. <h3>AIMS</h3> To measure the serial serum levels of interleukin 10 and interleukin 11 in patients with acute pancreatitis and analyse the relation of these anti-inflammatory cytokines to disease severity. <h3>METHODS</h3> In 50 patients with acute pancreatitis, the serum concentrations of interleukin 10 and interleukin 11 were determined on days one, two, three, four, and seven after admission. Serum C reactive protein levels were evaluated on days one and two. Severity of pancreatitis was determined according to the Atlanta criteria. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Serum concentrations of interleukin 10 on days one to seven were significantly higher in patients with severe pancreatitis than in those with mild pancreatitis. Patients with severe attacks had significantly elevated serum interleukin 11 concentrations on days two to four compared with those with mild attacks, but not on days one and seven. With cut off levels of 30 pg/ml for interleukin 10, 10.5 pg/ml for interleukin 11, and 115 mg/l for C reactive protein, the accuracy rates for detecting severe pancreatitis were 84%, 64%, and 78% respectively on day one and 82%, 74%, and 84% respectively on day two. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Serum interleukin 10 and interleukin 11 concentrations reflect the severity of acute pancreatitis. Interleukin 10 is a useful variable for early prediction of the prognosis of acute pancreatitis.
Doctors, Drug Companies, and Gifts
Authors: Timothy N. Gorski
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  I found the conclusions of the article entitled Doctors, Drug Companies, and Gifts1 absurd. The authors, in fact, confuse an analysis of their own ideasaboutdrug companies' gifts with an actual analysisofthis practice.  Where is the evidence that giving a physician a pen or book emblazoned with the drug company's name or product(s) causes increased prescribing? It is more reasonable to suppose that these petty objects that physicians can well afford to purchase for themselves only facilitate the drug companies' getting enough attention for their products for them to be fairly considered as treatment options. Physicians are unlikely to prescribe drugs on the strength of an advertisement alone, and manufacturers cannot be faulted for responsiveness to physicians.  The authors are inappropriately agitated over what is only another human side of the practice of medicine. Perhaps smiles, handshakes, and other tokens of goodwill may
Abstract 4678: KIAA1199 depletion targets the wnt/beta catenin signaling pathway and impairs migration and proliferation of human colon cancer cells
Authors: Karin Birkenkamp-Demtroeder, Abdel Maghnouj, Francisco Mansilla, Kasper Thorsen, Claus L. Andersen, Stephan Hahn, Torben F. Ørntoft
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In a previous study KIAA1199 was found to be upregulated in colon adenomas. A depletion of beta-catenin resulted in silencing of KIAA1199, suggesting a potential role in wnt/beta signaling. Aim of this study was to correlate KIAA1199 expression with patient outcome, to identify KIAA1199 downstream target genes and to elucidate its function and pathway association. Here we show by transcript profiling of &amp;gt;400 colon adenocarcinomas that KIAA1199 is strongly increased in &amp;gt;75% of colon adenocarcinomas compared to normal mucosas. Immunohistochemical analyses with a monospecific antibody identified the protein to be expressed in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of adenocarcinomas, and a strong upregulation of the KIAA1199 protein compared to normal, as also seen in several other types of cancer. Cloning identified a splice isoform lacking exon 28 resulting in a truncated KIAA1199 protein. Microarray profiling of SW480 cells transiently overexpressing, or stably depleted from, KIAA1199 identified genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell signaling, cellular movement and cell to cell interaction. In vitro functional analyses indicated that cells depleted from KIAA1199 showed reduced cellular adhesion, a decreased proliferation rate and migrated less than control cells. KIAA1199 silencing affected the expression of eighteen genes, known to be involved in the wnt/beta catenin signaling pathway. The identified target genes correlated with KIAA1199 expression in normal colon mucosa and adenocarcinomas of stage II and III (Pearson 0.7-0.9). In conclusion, our data provide evidence that KIAA1199 is a regulatory part of the wnt/beta catenin signaling, sited downstream of beta-catenin and upstream of the stem cell marker ASCL2. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4678.
Hypotensive Effect of Ethacrynic Acid
Authors: JAMES CONWAY, GASTONE LEONETTI
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Ethacrynic acid has been found to possess a similar antihypertensive action to the thiazide diuretics. The use of the two drugs together results in a greater fall in pressure than that obtained with either drug alone. When thiazide therapy is supplemented by ethacrynic acid and dietary restriction of sodium a substantial additional reduction in blood pressure averaging 48/18 mm. Hg was obtained.