tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
All That Separates
Authors: Serena J. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Further evidence for an association between non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Simona Caronia, Kevin Taylor, Luigi Pagliaro, Colin Carr, Ugo Palazzo, Juraj Petrik, Stephen O'Rahilly, Sarah Shore, Brian D. Tom, Graeme J. M. Alexander
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) may be associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This was studied further in two parts. First, 1,151 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis and 181 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis, well matched for age, sex, and severity of cirrhosis, were reviewed retrospectively. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher in HCV-related cirrhosis (23.6%) than in HBV-related cirrhosis (9.4%; odds ratio [OR], 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-4.79; P =.0002). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was associated closely with the Child-Pugh score (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 2. 38-6.17; P <.0001) and increasing age (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03; P =.0117). Second, 235 patients with biopsy confirmed chronic HBV or HCV underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Only 1 of 70 patients with chronic viral hepatitis without cirrhosis was diabetic. However, 31 of 127 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis (24.4%) were diabetic compared with 3 of 38 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis (7.9%, P =.0477). The major variables associated with NIDDM were cirrhosis (OR, 14.39; 95% CI, 1.91-108; P =.0096) and male sex (OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1. 32-16.18; P =.0161). Fasting insulin levels in 30 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus were elevated significantly, which was consistent with insulin resistance. However, acute insulin responsiveness was reduced in all patients with HCV infection and diabetes suggesting concomitant B-cell dysfunction. This study confirms an association between HCV and NIDDM.
SIRT1 Acts as a Modulator of Neointima Formation Following Vascular Injury in Mice
Authors: Li Li, Hui-Na Zhang, Hou-Zao Chen, Peng Gao, Li-Hua Zhu, Hong-Liang Li, Xiang Lv, Qing-Jun Zhang, Ran Zhang, Zhao Wang, Zhi-Gang She, Ran Zhang, Yu-Sheng Wei, Guan-Hua Du, De-Pei Liu, Chih-Chuan Liang
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration are crucial events involved in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC), has been reported to have the function of antiatherosclerosis, but its role in neointima formation remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the role of SIRT1 in the regulation of neointima formation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A decrease in SIRT1 expression was observed following carotid artery ligation. smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific human SIRT1 transgenic (Tg) mice were generated. SIRT1 overexpression substantially inhibited neointima formation after carotid artery ligation or carotid artery wire injury. In the intima of injured carotid arteries, VSMC proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells) was significantly reduced. SIRT1 overexpression markedly inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration and induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition in vitro. Accordingly, SIRT1 overexpression decreased the induction of cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression by treatment with serum and TNF-α, respectively, whereas RNAi knockdown of SIRT1 resulted in the opposite effect. Decreased cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression/activity were also observed in injured carotid arteries from SMC-SIRT1 Tg mice. Furthermore, 2 targets of SIRT1, c-Fos and c-Jun, were involved in the downregulation of cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression. Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on the VSMC proliferation and migration that underlie neointima formation and implicate SIRT1 as a potential target for intervention in vascular diseases.
Phimosis in childhood
Authors: T. Drake, J. Rustom, M. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 3 year old boy is brought to your surgery by his parents with the complaint of a “tight” foreskin. They are concerned because his foreskin has never retracted fully, despite daily attempts to pull it back during bath time over the past few months. They are particularly alarmed as his foreskin seems to “balloon” during micturition, and wonder whether he needs circumcising.

The prepuce (foreskin) is the retractile covering of the head of the penis (glans). During neonatal development the foreskin is normally non-retractile due to adhesions, which fuse the inner epithelial lining of the foreskin on to the glans. Non-retractile foreskins are therefore common among young boys and form a normal stage in development. At age 3 years, up to 10% of boys will have completely non-retractile foreskins, and a further proportion will have partially retractable foreskins due to persistent adhesions, which are present in almost 75% of 5 year old boys. Over time, the foreskin gradually becomes retractile due to intermittent erections and keratinisation of the inner foreskin.

Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans. This may be physiological, because of the reasons mentioned above, or may be due to pathological scarring of the foreskin. This scarring often appears as a contracted white fibrous ring around the …
Antituberculosis Drugs and Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Wing W. Yew, Chi C. Leung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin have hepatotoxic potential, and can lead to such reactions during antituberculosis chemotherapy. Most of the hepatotoxic reactions are dose-related; some are, however, caused by drug hypersensitivity. The immunogenetics of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, especially inclusive of acetylaor phenotype polymorphism, have been increasingly unravelled. Other principal clinical risk factors for hepatotoxicity are old age, malnutrition, alcoholism, HIV infection, as well as chronic hepatitis B and C infections. Drug-induced hepatic dysfunction usually occurs within the initial few weeks of the intensive phase of antituberculosis chemotherapy. Vigilant clinical (including patient education on symptoms of hepatitis) and biochemical monitoring are mandatory to improve the outcomes of patients with drug-induced hepatotoxicity during antituberculosis chemotherapy. Some fluoroquinolones like ofloxacin/levofloxacin may have a role in constituting non-hepatotoxic drug regimens for management of tuberculosis (TB) in the presence of hepatic dysfunction. Isoniazid administration is currently the standard therapy for latent TB infection. Rifamycins like rifampicin or rifapentine, alone or in combination with isoniazid, may also be considered as alternatives, pending accumulation of further clinical data. During treatment of latent TB infection, regular follow up is essential to ensure adherence to therapy and facilitate clinical monitoring for hepatic dysfunction. Monitoring of liver chemistry is also required for those patients at risk of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Zingiber cassumunar blended patches for skin application: Formulation, physicochemical properties, and in vitro studies
Authors: Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Laksana Charoenchai, Fameera Madaka, Chaowalit Monton, Apirak Sakunpak, Tossaton Charoonratana, Wiwat Pichayakorn
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

Our work was to study the preparation, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro characteristic of Zingiber cassumunar blended patches. The Z. cassumunar blended patches incorporating Z. cassumunar Roxb. also known as Plai were prepared from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol with glycerin as plasticizer. They were prepared by adding all ingredients in a beaker and homogeneously mixing them. Then, they were transferred into Petri-dish and dried in hot air oven. The hydrophilic nature of the Z. cassumunar blended patches was confirmed by the moisture uptake, swelling ratio, erosion, and porosity values. The FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM studies showed revealed blended patches with amorphous region that was homogeneously smooth and compact in both surface and cross section dimensions. They exhibited controlled the release behavior of (E)-4-(3′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl) but-3-en-l-ol (compound D) that is the main active compound in Z. cassumunar for anti-inflammation activity. However, in in vitro skin permeation study, the compound D was accumulated in newborn pig skin more than in the receptor medium. Thus, the blended patches showed the suitable entrapment and controlled release of compound D. Accordingly, we have demonstrated that such chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol formulated patches might be developed for medical use.
Increased Erythropoiesis Induced by Androgenic-Hormone Therapy
Authors: B. J. Kennedy, A. Sigrid Gilbertsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE administration of androgenic hormones to women with advanced breast cancer has been associated with an unusual alteration in erythropoietic activity.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 This has consisted of increases in hemoglobin, red-cell count and hematocrit, and hyperplasia of the erythroid elements of the bone marrow. The increase in erythroid activity is accompanied by clinical symptoms and signs characteristic of polycythemia. The observations suggest that androgenic hormones are a specific stimulating factor of erythropoiesis and, when administered in massive doses over a prolonged period, will increase erythroid activity to a polycythemic level.10 Investigators of hormone therapy in advanced breast cancer have been aware of . . .
PLASMA TRAIL AND OSTEOPROTEGERIN IN AR, AS AND STABLE CAD: RELATION TO CARDIAC GEOMETRY AND SYMPTOM STATUS
Authors: Daniel Catanzaro, Phyllis G. Supino, Edmund M. Herrold, Christopher Stuart, Ji-Sun Hong, Ada E. Ene, John N. Carter, Jason Lazar, Lou Salciccioli, Wilson Ko, Arash Salemi, Leonard Girardi, Karl H. Krieger, O. Wayne Isom, Jeffrey S. Borer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Road to Medical Enlightenment, 1650-1695
Authors: Gert H. Brieger
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Much of the theoretical foundation of medicine from antiquity to the late 17th century was based on the doctrine of Galen and his later followers. With the advent of the so-called new science inspired by Francis Btcon and others, the 17th century witnessed a fascinating conflict wherein the older concepts disintegrated under the onslaught of the new. The old masters, Aristotle and Galen, were now challenged by many, especially by members of the newly formed Royal Society in Britain. As Dr. King clearly shows in this book, some physicians were among the leaders in establishing the new science, but some remained among the old conservatives. The fall of Galenism was not a simple affair but had many ramifications that involved all aspects of intellectual life. Dr. King is particularly interested in the development of rationalism in medicine and the growth of critical acumen. He has already published a very useful
Clinical Correlates and Reference Intervals for Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure Among Echocardiographically Normal Subjects
Authors: Brendan M. McQuillan, Michael H. Picard, Marcia Leavitt, Arthur E. Weyman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Data in normal human subjects on the factors affecting pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) are limited. We determined the correlates of and established a reference range for PASP as determined by Doppler transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) from a clinical echocardiographic database of 102 818 patients, of whom 15 596 (15%) had a normal Doppler TTE study. Methods and Results A normal TTE was based on normal cardiac structure and function during complete Doppler TTE studies. The PASP was calculated by use of the modified Bernoulli equation, with right atrial pressure assumed to be 10 mm Hg. Among TTE normal subjects, 3790 subjects (2432 women, 1358 men) from 1 to 89 years old had a measured PASP. The mean PASP was 28.3±4.9 mm Hg (range 15 to 57 mm Hg). PASP was independently associated with age, body mass index (BMI), male sex, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, and left ventricular ejection fraction ( P &lt;0.001). The estimated upper 95% limit for PASP among lower-risk subjects was 37.2 mm Hg. A PASP &gt;40 mm Hg was found in 6% of those &gt;50 years old and 5% of those with a BMI &gt;30 kg/m 2 . Conclusions Among 3790 echocardiographically normal subjects, PASP was associated with age, BMI, sex, wall thickness, and ejection fraction. Of these subjects, 28% had a PASP &gt;30 mm Hg, and the expected upper limit of PASP may include 40 mm Hg in older or obese subjects. These findings support the use of age- and BMI-corrected values in establishing the expected normal range for PASP.
Clinical Signs and Symptoms in Pulmonary Embolism A Reassessment
Authors: JOHN M. HOFFMAN, ANDREW LEE, SCOTT T. GRAFTON, PAUL BELLAMY, RANDALL A. HAWKINS, MILO WEBBER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) remains difficult despite years of investigation. The clinical signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism are numerous, but they are not diagnostically accurate. Radionuclide ventilation perfusion imaging (VQ) has become an important adjunct in screening patients for suspected PE. This study re-evaluates the predictive capabilities of various clinical signs and symptoms in a population of patients in whom angiography was thought to be necessary because of clinical concern for PE. One hundred one patients with suspected PE were retrospectively identified. Clinical information on them was complete, and laboratory studies, VQ imaging, and pulmonary angiography were performed. Thirty-seven clinical signs, symptoms, and other characteristics were individually compared for patients whose angiographic results were positive or negative for PE. Modifying or interactive effects on PE were then examined with logistic regression analysis. Several clinical conditions, including immobilization and recent surgery, were significantly associated with PE. Shortness of breath and history of smoking were significantly associated with negative results on pulmonary angiography. A “high probability” VQ scan was highly predictive (P < .0001) of positive results on angiography. When interactive factors for PE were examined, lack of shortness of breath and arterial pH ≤ 7.45, lack of shortness of breath and respiratory rate > 23, diaphoresis in a nonsmoker and immobilized female, were significantly associated with PE. This study again documents the difficulty in using clinical criteria—including signs, symptoms, and laboratory determinations—to predict PE accurately, even in a population in which PE was of clinical concern irrespective of the VQ scan results. The extremely high predictive ability of the VQ scan reinforces its importance in the evaluation of the patient with suspected PE.
Coexistence of AML1/RUNX1 and BCR-ABL point mutations in an imatinib-resistant form of CML
Authors: S Corm, V Biggio, C Roche-Lestienne, J-L Laï, I Yakoub-Agha, N Philippe, F-E Nicolini, T Facon, C Preudhomme
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
An Evaluation of Outcome from Intensive Care in Major Medical Centers
Authors: WILLIAM A. KNAUS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

We prospectively studied treatment and outcome in 5030 patients in intensive care units at 13 tertiary care hospitals. We stratified each hospital's patients by individual risk of death using diagnosis, indication for treatment, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score. We then compared actual and predicted death rates using group results as the standard. One hospital had significantly better results with 69 predicted but 41 observed deaths (p < 0.0001). Another hospital had significantly inferior results with 58% more deaths than expected (p < 0.0001). These differences occurred within specific diagnostic categories, for medical patients alone and for medical and surgical patients combined, and were related more to the interaction and coordination of each hospital's intensive care unit staff than to the unit's administrative structure, amount of specialized treatment used, or the hospital's teaching status. Our findings support the hypothesis that the degree of coordination of intensive care significantly influences its effectiveness.
Role of SV40 Integration Site at Chromosomal Interval 1q21.1 in Immortalized CRL2504 Cells
Authors: Jinglan Liu, Gurpreet Kaur, Vikramjit K. Zhawar, Drazen B. Zimonjic, Nicholas C. Popescu, Raj P. Kandpal, Raghbir S. Athwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract We have applied a functional gene transfer strategy to show the importance of viral integration site in cellular immortalization. The large tumor antigen of SV40 is capable of extending the cellular life span by sequestering tumor suppressor proteins pRB and p53 in virus-transformed human cells. Although SV40 large T antigen is essential, it is not sufficient for cellular immortalization, suggesting that additional alterations in cellular genes are required to attain infinite proliferation. We show here that the disruption of human chromosomal interval at 1q21.1 by SV40 integration can be an essential step for cellular immortalization. The transfer of a 150-kb bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone, RP364B14, corresponding to viral integration site in CRL2504 cells, reverted their immortal phenotype. Interestingly, the BAC transfer clones of CRL2504 cells displayed characteristics of either senescence as shown by β-galactosidase activity or apoptosis as revealed by positive staining with M30 CytoDEATH antibody. The SV40 integration at 1q21.1, in the vicinity of epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) genes, resulted in the down-regulation of the filaggrin (FLG) gene that is part of the EDC. FLG gene expression was increased in BAC transfer senescent and apoptotic clones. Our results suggest that the disruption of native genomic sequence by SV40 may alter expression of genes involved in senescence and apoptosis by modulating chromatin structure. These studies imply that identification of genes located in the vicinity of viral integration sites in human cancers may be helpful in developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. [Cancer Res 2009;69(19):7819–25]
The Insulin Receptor Negatively Regulates the Action of <i>Pseudomonas</i> Toxin-Based Immunotoxins and Native <i>Pseudomonas</i> Toxin
Authors: Xiu Fen Liu, David J. FitzGerald, Ira Pastan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

SS1P is a recombinant immunotoxin composed of an antimesothelin Fv fragment fused to a truncated portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. SS1P targets and kills mesothelin-expressing tumors, which include mesothlioma as well as ovarian, lung, and pancreatic cancers. SS1P is currently in clinical trials in mesothelioma. Because insulin acting through the insulin receptor is a survival factor for many cancer cell lines, we explored how lowering insulin receptor level would affect the cytotoxic action of SS1P. We show here that siRNA knockdown of the insulin receptor enhanced the cytotoxic action of native Pseudomonas exotoxin and enhanced SS1P toxicity on several human cell lines, but did not affect the response to other cytotoxic agents such as TRAIL, etoposide, and cycloheximide. To determine how insulin receptor knockdown enhances SS1P action, we analyzed various steps involved in cell killing. We found that insulin receptor knockdown increases the cleavage of SS1P by furin, which allows more toxin to reach the cytosol and inactivate elongation factor 2. These findings indicate that the insulin receptor negatively regulates immunotoxin action.
1243 FXR STIMULATION WITH INT-747 IN A RAT BILIARY DRAINAGE MODEL PROTECTS FROM HEPATOCELLULAR INJURY AFTER LOSS OF ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION
Authors: R.G.J. Visschers, K.V.K. Koelfat, C.M. Hodin, K. Lenaerts, W.G. van Gemert, W.A. Buurman, R. Shiri-Sverdlov, R. Mookerjee, S.W.M. Olde Damink
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Graphene‒Regulated Cardiomyogenic Differentiation Process of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing the Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Cell Signaling Molecules
Authors: Jooyeon Park, Subeom Park, Seungmi Ryu, Suk Ho Bhang, Jangho Kim, Jeong‐Kee Yoon, Yoon Hwan Park, Sung‐Pyo Cho, Seahyoung Lee, Byung Hee Hong, Byung‐Soo Kim
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The potential of graphene as a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culture substrate to promote cardiomyogenic differentiation is demonstrated. Graphene exhibits no sign of cytotoxicity for stem cell culture. MSCs are committed toward cardiomyogenic lineage by simply culturing them on graphene. This may be attributed, at least partially, to the regulation of expression levels of extracellular matrix and signaling molecules. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Rational Use of Oxygen in Respiratory Insufficiency
Authors: Reuben M. Cherniack
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The effect of the administration of oxygen by different techniques and at varying flow rates through nasal cannulae was evaluated in patients with moderate and severe respiratory insufficiency. The amount of oxygen enrichment necessary to raise the arterial oxygen pressure to normal levels was variable, but a flow rate of 3 liters/min resulted in normal arterial oxygenation even in patients with moderately severe hypoxia. When oxygen was administered through nasal cannulae at flow rates less than 5 liters/min, there was no rise in arterial carbon dioxide pressure in 17 patients with alveolar hypoventilation and hypercapnia.