tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PSYCHIATRIC OBSERVATIONS ON INDUCED VITAMIN B COMPLEX DEFICIENCY IN PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: OSCAR KREISLER, ERICH LIEBERT, M. K. HORWITT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

These studies indicate that vitamin B complex restriction caused severe primary mental changes or aggravation of pre-existing psychotic trends among the psychotic subjects. The character of the mental changes appeared to depend on speed and severity of the deprivation. Patients whose B complex intake was so restricted that it contained 400 mcg. of thiamine and correspondingly small intake of other B complex factors showed diminution of psychomotor activity, dulling of affect, loss of interests and ambitions. In some of the severely depleted patients whose thiamine intake was restricted to 200 mcg. daily, serious emotional disturbances with loss of inhibitory control developed. In others, pre-existing affective trends such as hypomanic and mildly depressive features became markedly exaggerated. The formation of paranoid trends also was observed. Among the group moderately deprived of vitamin B complex the mental changes developed slowly in the course of 3 years. However, among the subjects severely deprived of vitamin B complex, mental disturbances manifested themselves explosively, acutely, or subacutely, after only a few months of depletion. Recovery with a return to the level of pre-experimental behavior following resumption of vitamin B administration took place in days to months. It was in general rather slow in mildly restricted patients and dramatic and sudden in severely restricted patients. In our study it appeared that mild vitamin B complex restriction permitted the individual to adapt himself to the change without much distress. It was clear, however, that severe depletion accompanied by severe metabolic impairment and structural damage led to severe emotional discharges. No claim can be made that the changes observed among the subjects of our experiment are specific. A variety of factors associated with impairment of brain metabolism and changes of nervous structure are known to lead to similar mental syndromes.
The Case for Voluntary Smallpox Vaccination
Authors: William J Bicknell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The former Soviet Union developed variola virus, which causes smallpox, for use as a biologic weapon, and supplies may have fallen into other hands. As Lev Sandakhchiyev, the director of Russia's Vektor Institute, has warned, “All you need is a sick fanatic to get to a populated place.”1 U.S. experts agree.2,3 The benefits of preemptive, voluntary vaccination are great. One immediate outcome is deterrence. Vaccination before exposure dramatically reduces the value of smallpox as a weapon; in the case of an attack, the number of unimmunized persons will be greatly reduced, and the outbreak will be much easier to . . .
Corrigendum to “Cellular Dynamics of EGF Receptor–targeted Synthetic Viruses”
Authors: Karla de Bruin, Nadia Ruthardt, Katharina von Gersdorff, Ralf Bausinger, Ernst Wagner, Manfred Ogris, Christoph Bräuchle
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Molecular Therapy (2007) 15: 1297–1305. doi:10.1038/sj.mt.6300176 After the publication of this article, the authors indicated that the original time scale in Figure 2a incorrectly appeared as “4 hours and 30 minutes”. The correct trajectory is “4:30 minutes”.
Long-term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis in children
Authors: Elisa Ermacora, Luigia Prampolini, Giuliana Tribbia, Gabriella Pezzoli, Carlo Gelmetti, Gabriella Cucchi, Alberto Tettamanti, Annamaria Giunta, Ferdinando Gianotti
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1986)
NONINVASIVE FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE DERIVED FROM QUANTITATIVE PERFUSION POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Wijnand Stuijfzand, Valtteri Uusitalo, Tanja Kero, Ibrahim Danad, Antti Saraste, Pieter Raijmakers, Adriaan Lammertsma, Koen Marques, Sami Kajander, Mikko Pietila, Jens Sorensen, Niels Van Royen, Juhani Knuuti, Paul Knaapen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Lamivudine plus interleukin-12 combination therapy in chronic hepatitis B: Antiviral and immunological activity
Authors: Eirini I. Rigopoulou, Deepak Suri, Shilpa Chokshi, Ivana Mullerova, Steven Rice, Richard S. Tedder, Roger Williams, Nikolai V. Naoumov
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that promotes cellular immunity. Pre-clinical data suggest that IL-12 inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by stimulating interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production. We investigated whether a combination treatment with lamivudine plus recombinant human interleukin-12 (rhIL-12) will result in a greater and prolonged suppression of HBV replication in comparison with lamivudine monotherapy. Fifteen patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B were randomized to receive either lamivudine alone for 24 weeks (group 1); combination of lamivudine for 16 weeks and rhIL-12 (200 ng/kg twice weekly), starting 4 weeks after initiation of lamivudine, for 20 weeks (group 2), or the same schedule as for group 2, with lamivudine and a higher dose of rhIL-12 (500 ng/kg, group 3). Serum HBV DNA levels, T-cell proliferation, frequency of virus-specific T-cells, and IFN-γ production were evaluated serially during and 24 weeks posttreatment. Lamivudine plus rhIL-12/500 showed greater antiviral activity than lamivudine monotherapy. However, after stopping lamivudine in groups 2 and 3, serum HBV DNA increased significantly despite continuing rhIL-12 administration. Lamivudine plus rhIL-12 treatment was associated with a greater increase in virus-specific T-cell reactivity, IFN-γ production, and an inverse correlation between the frequency of IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T-cells and viremia. The T-cell proliferative response to HBcAg did not differ between the three groups. In conclusion , the addition of IL-12 to lamivudine enhances T-cell reactivity to HBV and IFN-γ production. However, IL-12 does not abolish HBV replication in HBeAg-positive patients and does not maintain inhibition of HBV replication after lamivudine withdrawal. (Hepatology 2005.)
beta-Blockade, myopathy, and thyrotoxicosis.
Authors: M Uusitupa, A Aro, T Korhonen, E Jukka
Journal: BMJ (1980)

were in the larger hydroceles and I would certainly recommend that this form of treatment be reserved for hydroceles less than 500 ml unless the patient's general condition precludes surgery.It is clearly important to have long-term follow up in this type of study and I plan to continue reviewing the patients I have treated.
Abstract 3062: Ada3, a component of STAGA HAT complex, controls cell cycle by regulating c-myc
Authors: Shakur Mohibi, Channabasavaiah Gurumurthy, Sameer Mirza, Alo Nag, Bryan Katafiasz, Aditya Bele, Mayumi Naramura, Hamid Band, Vimla Band
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The human homologue of the yeast Ada3 (alteration/deficiency in activation) protein is an essential component of various Histone acetyl transferase complexes (HATs). To gain insight into the physiological importance of Ada3, we established a conditional knockout mouse model and showed that loss of Ada3 led to embryonic lethality at an early stage of development. Using the derived Ada3lox/lox mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines we show that Ada3 deletion causes defects in histone acetylation. Also we show that Ada3 enhances catalytic activity of p300 HAT. We further showed that Ada3 plays an important role in cell proliferation; depletion of Ada3 from cells caused cell lethality. This proliferation defect was reversed by introduction of human Ada3 in Ada3 null MEFs. Ada3 null MEFs also showed delay in transition from G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle to the S phase. These cells also manifested decreased hyperphosphorylation of Retinoblastoma protein (Rb); an increased protein half life of CDK inhibitor p27Kip1 and decrease in Cdk2 kinase activity. The increase in p27 protein was a result of decreased Skp2 protein and mRNA levels which is a direct target of c-myc oncogene. We further show that mRNA levels of c-myc, a direct transcriptional target of Ada3 containing STAGA HAT complex, are reduced on deletion of Ada3. These data suggest an Ada3-myc-skp2-p27 pathway that controls mammalian cell cycle. Taken together, our data suggests an essential role of Ada3 in embryonic development and cell cycle progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3062. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3062
PLAGUE ERADICATION IN PORTO RICO
Authors: R. H. CREEL
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Plague was reported present in San Juan by the local authorities June 19, four days after the first suspicious case was observed, a promptness of action unprecedented in the history of plague. A general cleaning up of the city followed, and tons of rubbish were removed. In response to a request from the acting governor, United States Public Health Service officers experienced in plague work were at once sent to San Juan by Surgeon-General Rupert Blue, and formulated a plan for the eradication of the infection from the island. Before discussing eradicative work in Porto Rico and the epidemiologic features connected therewith, it may be of interest to refer to several features concerning antiplague measures which were considered. The particularly striking aspect of plague infection is the tenacity with which the infection among rodents will cling to a place. This condition obtains seemingly irrespective of social or climatic environment or
Missing clinical trial data: setting the record straight
Authors: F. Godlee, E. Loder
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Urgent action is needed to restore the integrity of the medical evidence base

Like us, you have probably grown accustomed to the steady stream of revelations about incomplete or suppressed information from clinical trials of drugs and medical devices.1 If so, this issue of the BMJ features a pair of papers that will dismay but not surprise you. Researchers for an official German drug assessment body charged with synthesising evidence on the antidepressant reboxetine encountered serious obstacles when they tried to get unpublished clinical trial information from the drug company that held the data, an experience from which they draw several lessons (doi:10.1136/bmj.c4942).2 

Once they were able to integrate the astounding 74% of patient data that had previously been unpublished, their conclusion was damning: reboxetine is “overall an ineffective and potentially harmful antidepressant” (doi:10.1136/bmj.c4737).3 This conclusion starkly contradicts the findings of other recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses published by reputable journals.4 5 6 7 8 These studies presumably met prevailing standards for the conduct of meta-analyses. Yet we now know that they did not provide …
Calcitriol modulates in vivo and in vitro cytokine production: A role for intracellular calcium
Authors: Vincenzo Panichi, Stefano De Pietro, Brunella Andreini, Anna Maria Bianchi, Massimiliano Migliori, Daniele Taccola, Luca Giovannini, Ciro Tetta, Roberto Palla
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Phacoemulsification after Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: John B. Kerrison, Marta Marsh, Walter J. Stark, Julia A. Haller
Journal: Ophthalmology (1996)

Previous studies have documented a 3% to 15.5% risk of retinal redetachment in eyes with prior scleral buckling procedures that later undergo intracapsular or extracapsular cataract extraction. The authors reviewed the records of patients with a history of retinal detachment (RD) surgery and subsequent phacoemulsification to assess the risk of retinal redetachment and the visual outcomes.Forty-seven eyes of 44 patients with a history of scleral buckling surgery who subsequently underwent phacoemulsification were identified. Features found before, during, and after surgery were reviewed.No retinal redetachments occurred on a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. Eyes with RD repair were more myopic than fellow eyes (P=<0.001), had longer axial lengths (P=0.001), had steeper keratometry readings (P=0.03), and had larger differences in K readings between principal meridians (P=0.01). Postoperative visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 72.3% of eyes and 20/80 or worse in 6.4% of eyes. Preexisting macular pathology was responsible for poor outcomes.The risk of redetachment after phacoemulsification in eyes with previous RD surgery is low. Despite retinal and cataract surgery, these eyes can achieve useful vision.
The Ovine Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test in the Differential Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: LYNNETTE K. NIEMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

We gave a standard dexamethasone suppression test and an ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test to 41 patients with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-dependent hypercortisolism to determine the efficacy of each test in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Twenty-nine of thirty-three patients with Cushing's disease and 0 of 8 patients with ectopic secretion of ACTH responded to the ovine CRH test with increased levels of cortisol. When a cortisol response was judged as positive for Cushing's disease, the CRH test had a diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 88%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. Twenty-nine patients with Cushing's disease and 1 patient with ectopic secretion of ACTH responded to the dexamethasone suppression test. A combined-test strategy requiring negative results from both tests to exclude a diagnosis of Cushing's disease yielded superior sensitivity (100%) and diagnostic accuracy (98%). Thus, the ovine CRH test works as well as the standard dexamethasone suppression test in discriminating between Cushing's disease and ectopic ACTH secretion. The diagnostic power of each test is enhanced when the two tests are combined.
Effects of oxygen exposure on in vitro function of pulmonary alveolar macrophages.
Authors: S A Murphey, J S Hyams, A B Fisher, R K Root
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Bacterial infection may complicate pulmonary oxygen (O2) toxicity, and animals exposed to high O2 concentrations show depressed in vivo pulmonary bacterial inactivation. Therefore, in vitro studies were undertaken to define the mechanism by which O2 alters pulmonary antibacterial activity. Normal and BCG pretreated rabbits were exposed to 100% O2 for 24, 48, and 72-h periods. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were obtained from the experimental animals and from nonoxygen exposed controls by bronchopulmonary lavage. O2 exposure did not alter cell yield or morphology. PAMs were suspended in 10% serum-buffer, and phagocytosis of (14C)Staphylococcus aureus 502A and (14C)Pseudomonas aeruginosa was measured. Comparison of the precent uptake of the 14C-labeled S. aureus after a 60-min incubation period demonstrated that normal PAMs exposed to O2 for 48 h showed a statistically significant increase in phagocytosis when compared to their controls (43.5 vs. 29.2%). A similar, but smaller increase was seen after 24-h O2 exposures. 48 and 72-h O2 exposures produced no significant changes in phagocytosis in PAMs from BCG-stimulated rabbits. Normal PAMs also showed an increased phagocytosis of Ps. aeruginosa after 48-h oxygen exposure. No impairment of in vitro bactericidal activity against either S. aureus 502A or Ps. aeruginosa could be demonstrated in PAMs from normal rabbits exposed to O2 for 48 h. These results indicate that the in vitrophagocytic and bactericidal capacity of the rabbit PAM is relatively resistant to the toxic effects of oxygen, and that imparied in vivo activity may possibly be mediated by effects other than irreversible metabolic damage to these cells. The mechanism for the observed stimulation of phagocytosis remains to be determined.
A More Efficient Use of Hospital Beds?
Authors: R. D. Marshall, R. I. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Faced with a shortage of trained nursing staff and a high wastage rate among learners the management of a district general hospital decided to close some of its acute beds. A beds committee attempted to minimize the effects of these closures by introducing a bed bureau, "pooling," and a simple system for forecasting waiting list admissions.The figures for recruitment and wastage of nurses improved, and a very high turnover per available bed was achieved. This increased efficiency in numerical terms was not mirrored by an improvement in the morale of the doctors and nurses working on the wards, who were subjected to new pressures and considered that at times the standard of patient care deteriorated.
Gene expression of cytokines in atopic eczema before and after ultraviolet A1 phototherapy
Authors: T. Gambichler, A. Kreuter, N.S. Tomi, N. Othlinghaus, P. Altmeyer, M. Skrygan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Atopic eczema (AE) is a common pruritic and chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease in which cytokines seem to represent important factors in the pathogenesis.We aimed to investigate cytokine mRNA expression in the skin of patients with AE who underwent a course of ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) phototherapy.We studied 21 patients diagnosed with extrinsic AE who were treated with a 6-week course of UVA1 phototherapy. Skin biopsies were taken from healthy controls (n=18) and patients with AE at baseline and after the last UVA1 exposure. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed for interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-31.A significant reduction of the clinical scores was observed after treatment with UVA1. Except for IL-4, cytokine mRNA expression was significantly increased prior to phototherapy when compared with controls. mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-10 before UVA1 did not significantly differ from levels observed after UVA1. However, a significant decrease of IL-5, IL-13 and IL-31 mRNA expression was observed following UVA1 treatment. IL-31 mRNA levels were even adjusted to the levels of healthy controls.We have shown that the resolution of extrinsic AE lesions following phototherapy is accompanied by significant reduction of mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13 and IL-31, supporting current concepts that these cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of extrinsic AE and possibly represent targets for phototherapy.
Appeal Court rules that NICE procedure was unfair
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A report from the Association of American Medical Colleges suggests that all 129 member medical schools should prohibit pharmaceutical and devices manufacturers from providing gifts, food, and travel to doctors, faculty members, and students.The report will be considered at the association's meeting in June.The association set up a task force to examine industry funding and to guide the association, medical schools, and teaching hospitals in developing policies and procedures about gifts and funding from industry.The report said that medical schools and teaching hospitals had become increasingly dependent on industry support for their core educational missions."This reliance raises concerns because such support, including gifts, can influence the objectivity and integrity of academic teaching, learning, and practice, thereby calling into question the commitment of academia and industry together to promote the public's interest by fostering the most cost-effective, evidencebased medical care possible."The report called on academic medical centers "to accelerate their adoption of policies that better manage, and when necessary, prohibit, academic-industry interactions that can inherently create conflicts of interest and undermine standards of professionalism."It concluded, "Industry should voluntarily discontinue those practices that compromise professionalism as well as public trust."The New York Times noted that medical schools, with their prominent professors and impressionable trainees, were particularly attractive targets for marketing (28 April; www.nytimes.com/
Erratum to: Regulating neutrophil apoptosis: new players enter the game [Trends in Immunology (2011) 32, 117–124]
Authors: Véronique Witko-Sarsat, Magali Pederzoli-Ribeil, Emilio Hirsch, Silvano Sozzani, Marco A. Cassatella
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2011)
Idiopathic Short Stature
Authors: Laurie E. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Approximately 2% of children are defined as having short stature. Deciding when to pursue recombinant human growth hormone therapy to increase adult height is controversial.To review the management of children with idiopathic short stature, including diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic options.Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. For height outcome, articles were limited to studies reporting adult height and to systematic reviews.Recombinant human growth hormone therapy of children with idiopathic short stature increases height in some children. The estimated mean gain in adult height is 5.2 cm (2 in). The cost-benefit ratio is controversial. Treatment with growth hormone appears safe in the short term, while data on long-term effects are limited because studies of long-term efficacy were not powered to determine safety.Growth hormone treatment may be considered in some children with idiopathic short stature.
Leukocyte-Derived Interferon (Alpha) in Human Breast Carcinoma
Authors: ERNEST C. BORDEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A multi-institutional trials program was initiated to define the effects of interferons in disseminated human breast carcinoma. Interferon alpha, prepared from buffy coats, was administered intramuscularly at 3 ×106 U daily for an initial period of 28 days. Of 23 patients who entered the program, five had an objective partial response of 92 days mean duration at diverse sites of involvement. Patients who responded were significantly older (p = 0.05) than nonresponders. Dose escalation in eight patients did not result in any clear evidence of additional responses. Major toxicities were fatigue, anorexia with weight loss, and reversible leukopenia (less than 3.5 ×109 leukocytes/L in 16 patients). Natural killer cell and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced 48 hours after interferon administration began but subsequently declined despite continued therapy. Serum β2microglobulin concentration increased on day 15 (p < 0.05) and remained significantly elevated on day 22 (p < 0.005). Peak interferon titers (mean, 62 U) occurred 6 hours after interferon was started, varied widely between patients, and were higher and more persistent with dose escalation. Once an optimal dose is defined, prospectively randomized trials will define what role interferons may have in systemic therapy of breast carcinoma.