tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the retroperitoneum
Authors: Tse-Ching Chen, Jin-Hou Wu, Kwai-Fong Ng, Jau-Min Lien, Chien-Fu Hung
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma is an uncommon neoplasm and occurs most frequently in the upper respiratory tract. Herein, we reported a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the retroperitoneum. A 28-year-old man presented with obstructive jaundice and a retroperitoneal tumor. Ultrasound-guided biopsy confirmed that the lesion was a plasma cell neoplasm. A detailed investigation showed that no other sites were involved. The tumor got a moderate reduction following local irradiation, and a complete remission was achieved after 12 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, the possibility of a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice without a history of multiple myeloma. Am. J. Hematol. 58:235–238, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with lorazepam, hyoscine butylbromide, and ispaghula husk.
Authors: J A Ritchie, S C Truelove
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A double-blind controlled therapeutic trial of factorial design was used to study the therapeutic effects of lorazepam, hyoscine butylbromide, and ispaghula husk in 12 randomised blocks of eight patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Each of the three agents caused a sustained symptomatic improvement in some of the patients, although only with ispaghula was the difference between the real and dummy preparation statistically significant. When the eight possible combinations of treatment were analysed none of the 12 patients who received only dummy preparations of the three agents had maintained any improvement over the three months of the trial. Seven patients improved among the 12 who received potent preparations of all three agents, and between four and six patients improved in the groups receiving one or two of the potent preparations. These therapeutic results, though far from perfect, show that the types of drug commonly used to treat IBS are of some value and may be additive in their effects. Similar combinations of other therapeutic agents may be more effective, but it will be possible to determine this only by carrying out factorial therapeutic trials.
938. Intramuscular Administration of AAV Vector Expressing Interleukin-10 in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats Prevents the Development of Hypertensive Heart Disease
Authors: Mutsuko Sarukawa, Takashi Okada, Toru Yoshioka, Tatsuya Nomoto, Takayuki Ito, Yoshikazu Maeda, Masahisa Shimpo, Takashi Matsushita, Hiroaki Mizukami, Kuniko Shimazaki, Akihiro Kume, Keiji Yamamoto, Uichi Ikeda, Kazuyuki Shimada, Keiya Ozawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: Inflammatory cytokines and growth factors are known to play a considerable role in the development and progression of hypertensive heart diseases. Interleukin (IL)-10 has multilateral effects on the cardiovascular tissues, such as improvement of the endothelial cell function, anti-inflammatory effect, and suppression of smooth muscle cell proliferation. Our previous studies demonstrated that systemic expression of IL-10 decreased atherosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis mainly through its anti-inflammatory property. In this study, we examined the preventive effects of IL-10 on the development of hypertensive heart disease in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats.
Galactorrhea Due to Imipramine
Authors: Jerome J. Klein, Robert Lloyd Segal, Richard R. Pichel Warner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

NONPUERPERAL galactorrhea has previously been reported in association with administration of various drugs, including reserpine1 2 3 and chlorpromazine.4 5 6 7 Although imipramine (Tofranil) and reserpine have certain pharmacologic effects in common, galactorrhea has not been cited as a complication of imipramine therapy. In the case reported below galactorrhea occurred during treatment with imipramine.Case ReportA 34-year-old woman was seen because of spontaneous galactorrhea. Her only pregnancy had terminated in abortion 4 years previously. Since that time the menses had occurred every 27 to 35 days. Three years before, a diagnosis of hypothyroidism had been made; the plasma protein-bound iodine level was 2.3 . . .
Short exposure of oesophageal mucosa to bile acids, both in acidic and weakly acidic conditions, can impair mucosal integrity and provoke dilated intercellular spaces
Authors: R Farre, H van Malenstein, R De Vos, K Geboes, I Depoortere, P Vanden Berghe, F Fornari, K Blondeau, V Mertens, J Tack, D Sifrim
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> Severe duodeno-gastro-oesophageal reflux (DGOR) is a risk factor for oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus. Patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) have a slight increase in DGOR. Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), who are taking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), still have reflux but of weakly acidic pH and persistence of bile. In these two groups of patients, heartburn might be due to increased oesophageal mucosal permeability and dilated intercellular spaces (DIS). We aimed to assess whether experimental short exposure of the oesophageal mucosa to bile acids, in low concentrations (at acidic, weakly acidic and neutral conditions) can increase mucosal permeability and provoke DIS. <h3>Methods:</h3> Rabbit oesophageal mucosa was studied in diffusion and Ussing chambers. We assessed the effects of different solutions containing bile acids, applied to the mucosal side, on transepithelial electrical resistance (R<sub>T</sub>) and permeability to fluorescein. The diameter of intercellular spaces was assessed by using transmission electron microscopy. <h3>Results:</h3> Incubation of oesophageal mucosa with acidic solutions (pH 2.0) containing a range of bile acids (0.5–5 mmol/l) markedly decreased R<sub>T</sub> and increased mucosal permeability. Weakly acidic solutions (pH 5.0), and to some extent neutral solutions (pH 7.4), containing some bile acids also decreased R<sub>T</sub> and increased permeability, although the effects were much less marked and in some combinations no effect was seen. Exposure to bile acids provoked DIS in acid and weakly acidic conditions but not in neutral (pH 7.4) solutions. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Experimental short exposure of the oesophageal mucosa to solutions with a bile acid concentration and acidity similar to that observed in the gastric contents of patients with NERD or ERD, and who are taking PPIs, may impair oesophageal mucosal integrity and even induce dilated intercellular spaces. Such a situation could, theoretically, underlie the occurrence and/or persistence of symptoms in these patients.
Relationship Between Coronary Artery Remodeling and Plaque Vulnerability
Authors: Amanda M. Varnava, Peter G. Mills, Michael J. Davies
Journal: Circulation (2002)

In vivo studies with intravascular ultrasound have shown that complex plaque anatomy and plaque rupture are more frequent in the presence of marked outward remodeling. A large lipid core and a high macrophage count are recognized histological markers for plaque vulnerability. The link between plaque vulnerability in terms of these markers and remodeling in coronary arteries has not been explored.In 88 male subjects who died suddenly with coronary artery disease, 108 plaques were studied. The percent remodeling was calculated. Lesions with remodeling > or = 0% were considered to have positive remodeling, and those in which remodeling was < 0% were considered to have negative remodeling. Percent lipid core and macrophage count at the plaque were assessed. Of 108 plaque sites, 64 (59.2%) had undergone no remodeling or positive remodeling, and 44 (40.7%) had negative remodeling (vessel shrinkage). Lesions with positive remodeling, compared with lesions with vessel shrinkage, had a larger lipid core (percent mean lipid core was 39.0 +/- 21.0% versus 22.3 +/- 23.1%, respectively; P < 0.0001) and a higher macrophage count (mean macrophage count was 15.6 +/- 12.3 versus 8.9 +/- 11.6, respectively; P = 0.005).We have shown that coronary artery plaques with positive remodeling have a higher lipid content and macrophage count, both markers of plaque vulnerability. These results may explain why plaque rupture is often apparent at sites with only modest luminal stenoses (but marked positive remodeling).
Low-resolution teledermatology: reply from authors
Authors: C. Massone, H.P. Soyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Low‐resolution teledermatology: reply from authors Get access C. Massone, C. Massone Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.P. Soyer H.P. Soyer Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, A‐8036 Graz, Austria H. Peter Soyer. E‐mail: peter.soyer@meduni‐graz.at Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 5, 1 November 2006, Page 1093, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07499.x Published: 01 November 2006
Recent Advances in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: JOHN I. GALLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Chronic granulomatous disease represents a group of disorders of phagocytic cell oxidative metabolism involving recurrent infections with catalase-positive microorganisms and chronic inflammation. Genetic heterogeneity and phagocyte abnormalities, including enzyme deficiencies, abnormal elicited membrane potential changes, abnormal acidification of the phagocytic vacuole, and deficiencies of an electron transport cascade, have been associated with its pathogenesis. In addition, recently we have shown abnormal neutrophil C3b-receptor expression, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and abnormal microtubule metabolism (tyrosinolation of the alpha-chain of tubulin). Fourteen patients with the disease who were followed at the National Institutes of Health had life-threatening infections, on average, once every 9.6 months. In most of the 119 febrile episodes seen in these patients, no infectious agent was found. Retrospective studies indicated that prophylactic antibiotic therapy, particularly with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, significantly prolonged disease-free intervals to greater than 40 months (p less than 0.05). In serious, life-threatening infections, leukocyte transfusions have been used in therapy. Transfused leukocytes localize and persist at infectious sites, and the clinical efficacy of leukocyte transfusions has been suggested.
Evaluation and Treatment of Chagas Disease in the United States
Authors: Caryn Bern, Susan P. Montgomery, Barbara L. Herwaldt, Anis Rassi, Jose Antonio Marin-Neto, Roberto O. Dantas, James H. Maguire, Harry Acquatella, Carlos Morillo, Louis V. Kirchhoff, Robert H. Gilman, Pedro A. Reyes, Roberto Salvatella, Anne C. Moore
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Because of population migration from endemic areas and newly instituted blood bank screening, US clinicians are likely to see an increasing number of patients with suspected or confirmed chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas disease).To examine the evidence base and provide practical recommendations for evaluation, counseling, and etiologic treatment of patients with chronic T cruzi infection. Evidence Acquisition Literature review conducted based on a systematic MEDLINE search for all available years through 2007; review of additional articles, reports, and book chapters; and input from experts in the field.The patient newly diagnosed with Chagas disease should undergo a medical history, physical examination, and resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) with a 30-second lead II rhythm strip. If this evaluation is normal, no further testing is indicated; history, physical examination, and ECG should be repeated annually. If findings suggest Chagas heart disease, a comprehensive cardiac evaluation, including 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring, echocardiography, and exercise testing, is recommended. If gastrointestinal tract symptoms are present, barium contrast studies should be performed. Antitrypanosomal treatment is recommended for all cases of acute and congenital Chagas disease, reactivated infection, and chronic T cruzi infection in individuals 18 years or younger. In adults aged 19 to 50 years without advanced heart disease, etiologic treatment may slow development and progression of cardiomyopathy and should generally be offered; treatment is considered optional for those older than 50 years. Individualized treatment decisions for adults should balance the potential benefit, prolonged course, and frequent adverse effects of the drugs. Strong consideration should be given to treatment of previously untreated patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or those expecting to undergo organ transplantation.Chagas disease presents an increasing challenge for clinicians in the United States. Despite gaps in the evidence base, current knowledge is sufficient to make practical recommendations to guide appropriate evaluation, management, and etiologic treatment of Chagas disease.
Tyrosine hydroxylase in human adrenal and pheochromocytoma: localization, kinetics, and catecholamine inhibition
Authors: J. C. Waymire, N. Weiner, F. H. Schneider, M. Goldstein, L. S. Freedman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The properties of partially purified tyrosine hydroxylase from six pheochromocytomas were compared with partially purified normal human and bovine adrenal medulla enzyme. Substrate and inhibition kinetics, cofactor requirements, and intracellular localization of the enzyme from normal and tumor chromaffin tissue of humans were similar, as was the amount of enzyme activity per gram of tissue. Contrary to previous reports, the sensitivity to catecholamine inhibition of the pheochromocytoma enzyme from the six tumors studied was similar to that of both human and bovine adrenal medulla tyrosine hydroxylase. These results suggest that the excessive synthesis and secretion of catecholamines in some pheochromocytomas is not the result of a reduced sensitivity of tyrosine hydroxylase to catecholamine inhibition.
Exercise training increases inwardly rectifying K+ current and augments K+-mediated vasodilatation in deep femoral artery of rats
Authors: Chun Zi Jin, Hyang Sun Kim, Eun Yeong Seo, Dong Hoon Shin, Kyung Sun Park, Yang-Sook Chun, Yin Hua Zhang, Sung Joon Kim
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

A moderate increase in extracellular [K+] ([K+]e) induces relaxation of small arteries by activating inwardly rectifying K+ current (IKir). The K+-induced vasodilatation is an important mechanism for exercise-induced hyperaemia in skeletal muscle. We investigated whether IKir and K+-induced vasodilatation are enhanced in deep femoral arteries (DFAs) from exercise-trained rats (ET rats; treadmill running for 20 min at 20 m/min, 3days/week for 2weeks). The effects of exercise training on K+-induced vasodilatation and IKir were also investigated in cerebral (CA) and mesenteric arteries. The K+-induced vasodilatation of DFAs and the density of IKir and voltage-gated K+ current (IKv) were increased in DFA myocytes of ET rats. The myogenic tone of the DFA was unchanged by exercise. Although similar functional up-regulations of IKir and IKv were observed in CA myocytes, the K+-induced vasodilatation was not increased in the CA of ET rats. Interestingly, concomitant to the increases in IKir and IKv, background Na+ conductance was also increased in the CA myocytes. However, such an effect was not observed in DFA myocytes from ET rats. Neither IKir nor K+-induced vasodilatation was observed in mesenteric arteries of ET rats. The present study provides evidence that regular exercise up-regulates IKir in DFA and CA myocytes. Although the increase in IKir was observed in two types of arteries, augmentation of K+-induced relaxation was observed only in the DFA of ET rats, possibly due to the increased Na+ conductance in CA myocytes. The increases in IKir and K+-induced vasodilatation of the arteries of skeletal muscle suggest novel mechanisms of improved exercise hyperaemia with physical training.
Treatment of Chlordecone (Kepone) Toxicity with Cholestyramine
Authors: William J. Cohn, James J. Boylan, Robert V. Blanke, Marc W. Fariss, John R. Howell, Philip S. Guzelian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Industrial workers exposed to the organochlorine pesticide, chlordecone (Kepone), had signs of toxicity in several organs. The extent of toxicity was proportional to the levels of this chemical in the tissues. In 22 patients, chlordecone was eliminated slowly from blood (half time of 165±27 days — mean ± S.E.M.) and fat (half time of 125 days, with a range of 97 to 177), chiefly in the stool. Output of chlordecone in bile was 10 to 20 times greater than in stool, suggesting that chlordecone is reabsorbed in the intestine. Cholestyramine, an anion-exchange resin that binds chlordecone, increased its fecal excretion by seven times. In a five-month trial, cholestyramine significantly accelerated elimination of chlordecone from blood, with a half life of 80±4 days (S.E.M.) (P<0.005) and fat (half life of 64 days, with a range of 52 to 85) (P<0.05). Cholestyramine offers a practical means for detoxification of persons exposed to chlordecone and possibly to other lipophilic toxins. (N Engl J Med 298:243–248, 1978)
Expression of hepatocyte growth factor in normal and carbon tetrachloride–treated monkeys
Authors: Shuichi Kawakami, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Shiro Nakagawa, Shuichi Hirono, Naokatu Arakaki, Osamu Nakamura, Yasushi Daikuhara, Terukatsu Arima
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We examined hepatocyte growth factor-producing organs in normal and carbon tetrachloride-treated Japanese monkeys, a species more related to human beings than rats, by measuring hepatocyte growth factor protein and hepatocyte growth factor mRNA in various tissues. Hepatocyte growth factor protein and hepatocyte growth factor mRNA levels were determined by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human hepatocyte growth factor and Northern-blot analysis using human hepatocyte growth factor cDNA as a probe, respectively. Although very slight amounts of hepatocyte growth factor protein were found in various organs of normal monkeys, the hepatocyte growth factor protein levels were remarkably increased only in the livers and spleens of carbon tetrachloride-treated monkeys. Hepatocyte growth factor mRNA was distinctly detected in the livers, spleens, lungs, intestinal tracts, adrenal glands and aortas of normal monkeys. After the administration of carbon tetrachloride, the hepatocyte growth factor mRNA levels in the liver, spleen and gastrointestinal tract were markedly increased; the level in the lung was unchanged, differing from the findings in rats; and the levels in adrenal gland and aorta were unaltered. These results indicate that the liver is an important hepatocyte growth factor-producing organ in monkeys during liver regeneration and that hepatocyte growth factor induced in the liver may stimulate hepatocyte proliferation by way of a paracrine mode.
Terence Edward O'Brien
Authors: J. C. Tresadern
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Born in Birkenhead, Terence Edward O’Brien (“Terry”) attended St Anselm’s Roman Catholic Grammar School, from where he gained a scholarship to Stonyhurst College. After qualifying and doing basic posts at Clatterbridge and Arrow Park hospitals he opted to broaden his horizons by signing on as a ship’s doctor with P & O cruise lines.

On leaving the sea, Terry undertook his early surgical training at Northampton hospital, gaining his FRCS (Edinburgh) in March 1974. He then went back to sea for a couple more years. He used to tell memorable anecdotes of …
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in the Wife of a Hemophiliac
Authors: ARTHUR E. PITCHENIK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

A 71-year-old previously healthy woman developed unexplained thrush, onychomycosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a T-cell defect consistent with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Her only apparent risk factor was infrequent, monogamous sexual contact with her husband, a 74-year-old hemophiliac who had received factor VIII concentrate and subsequently died due to P. carinii pneumonia. She first developed probable signs of the syndrome (recurrent thrush and onychomycosis) 1 year before her husband became ill. These findings suggest that the syndrome can be transmitted heterosexually by an asymptomatic person, and that the female sexual partners of hemophiliacs treated with factor VIII concentrate may be at risk of acquiring the syndrome; frequent sexual contact or several sexual partners are not necessary for transmission to occur; and the syndrome can occur in elderly people if exposed to risk factors. This case further supports the theory that the syndrome in hemophiliacs is due to an infectious agent that can be transmitted heterosexually as well as parenterally.
Coincidence of Mycotic ( <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> ) Vegetative Endocarditis of the Mitral Valve and the Lutembacher Syndrome
Authors: MICHAEL E. KORNS
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A case of Lutembacher syndrome in which there was vegetative endocarditis lenta of the mitral valve, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum , is presented.
The Appropriateness of Tympanostomy Tubes for Children
Authors: Lawrence Witt
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I congratulate your accomplishment. For years, physicians and their representative organizations have tried to discover the criteria insurance companies use to review and, frequently, to deny payment for our services. This article will finally help many of us to make more fiscally responsible treatment plans for one of the most common diagnoses in medicine. Others should now reveal their criteria so medicine in general can act more responsibly. I must object to the presence of a five-page unpaid advertisement for VHS masquerading as a report of a true scientific investigation. The lay press, ignoring the motivations and sources, has chosen to excoriate medicine for so many inappropriate surgeries. And you have chosen to print and to grant respectability to what is a simple exercise in corporate ego building and profit making. I understand there may have been compromises made with VHS in order to get them to
Caldicott 2 and patient data
Authors: P. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Leiomyomas are an uncommon manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) and occur most often in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, they have a proclivity for the proximal small bowel and tend to be multiple. Urinary tract involvement by NF-1 is usually in the form of neurofibromas, and leiomyomas are exceptionally rare. This report describes a case of solitary leiomyoma occurring in a 49 year old woman with NF-1. The patient had symptoms related to a lower urinary tract infection and on examination was found to have a distended bladder. Imaging of the bladder showed a mass involving the posterior wall, neck, and trigone causing bilateral hydronephrosis. The mass was excised with part of the bladder. Microscopic examination revealed typical features of a leiomyoma and there was strong immunoreactivity for desmin and smooth muscle actin. Leiomyoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasms in patients with NF-1.