tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of Proliferation-Associated Molecules in Individual Micrometastatic Carcinoma Cells
Authors: K. Pantel, G. Schlimok, S. Braun, D. Kutter, F. Lindemann, G. Schaller, I. Funke, J. R. Izbicki, G. Riethmuller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

The development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to cytokeratins, which are integral components of the epithelial cytoskeleton, has made possible immunocytochemical detection of epithelial tumor cells. Importantly, this technique allows the detection of epithelial tumor cells that have metastasized from primary adenocarcinomas to secondary sites such as the bone marrow. The aim of the study was not only to detect micrometastatic cells in bone marrow, but also to assess the expression of nuclear proliferation markers (Ki-67 and p120) and the erbB2 oncogene (also known as ERBB2) in these cells and, thus, hopefully improve prognostic precision Bone marrow aspirates were obtained from both sides of the upper iliac crest of 532 patients having definitive diagnoses of either breast or gastrointestinal cancer. The presence of micrometastatic epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow was assayed using the MAb cytokeratin 2 (CK2) to cytokeratin component 18 (CK18), in combination with the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase immuno-staining technique. After primary screening of all marrow samples with MAb CK2, representative subgroups of CK18 + samples were selected for co-labeling with MAbs either to ErbB (n = 16), ErbB2 (n = 121), Ki-67 (n = 33), or p120 (n = 36) protein. An alternative labeling protocol based on the combination of immunogold and immunoenzymatic techniques was utilized to confirm the results derived from immuno-enzymatic double staining. In total, single CK18-positive tumor cells were detected in 180 (33.8%) of 532 bone marrow aspirates, with few differences among patients with breast or gastrointestinal cancer in TNM stage M0 (i.e., no distant metastasis). In patients with overt metastasis (stage M1), however, the incidence of metastatic cells in marrow increased to 73.7% in breast cancer, 52.5% in gastric cancer, and 39.0% in colon cancer. Whereas expression of Ki-67 or p120 on micrometastatic cells was observed only in 11 (15.9%) of 69 cancer patients analyzed, ErbB2 + /CK18 + cells were found in 48 (67.6%) of 71 breast cancer patients and 14 (28.0%) of 50 patients with gastrointestinal cancer ( P = .0001). The incidence of ErbB2 + /CK18 + cells was positively correlated with the clinical stage of tumor progression. The high incidence of ErbB2 expression on micrometastatic breast cancer cells in the bone marrow suggests that these cells might have been positively selected during early stages of metastasis. The majority of these cells appear to be in a dormant state of cell growth. Although support from clinical follow-up is still needed, this study demonstrates that, beyond the mere presence of micrometastatic cells in bone marrow, useful prognostic information can be obtained by analysis of additional cell growth markers. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 1419–1424, 1993]
Hemopoietic support capacity of the adult mouse liver: II. Studies in acetylphenylhydrazine‐treated mice
Authors: Solomon S. Adler, Frank E. Trobaugh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract We investigated the hemopoietic support capacity of the liver in intact and splenectomized adult mice treated with three daily injections of acetylphenylhydrazine (APH). Packed red cell volumes, liver and spleen weights, numbers of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU‐S) in blood and liver, and liver histology were evaluated 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days after the first injection. We found that 1) splenectomized, APH‐treated mice had a greater and more sustained increase in the weights of their livers than the increase found in livers of intact APH‐treated mice; 2) APH treatment elicited a much greater increase in the blood and liver CFU‐S of splenectomized mice (47 and 42 times normal, respectively) than it elicited in the blood and liver CFU‐S of intact mice (4–5 and 4 times normal, respectively); and 3) APH treatment induced numerous foci of hemopoietic tissue in the livers of splenectomized mice. The results of the CFU‐S studies can be explained by, and to some extent support, the thesis that the adult mouse liver does not support proliferation of normal CFU‐S, but can trap large numbers of circulating CFU‐S. In addition, these studies suggest that the livers of adult mice are able to support only limited proliferation of differentiated hemopoietic elements.
RGS4 causes increased mortality and reduced cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload
Authors: Jason H. Rogers, Praveen Tamirisa, Attila Kovacs, Carla Weinheimer, Michael Courtois, Kendall J. Blumer, Daniel P. Kelly, Anthony J. Muslin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

RGS family members are GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for heterotrimeric G proteins. There is evidence that altered RGS gene expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. We investigated the ability of RGS4 to modulate cardiac physiology using a transgenic mouse model. Overexpression of RGS4 in postnatal ventricular tissue did not affect cardiac morphology or basal cardiac function, but markedly compromised the ability of the heart to adapt to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In contrast to wild-type mice, the transgenic animals developed significantly reduced ventricular hypertrophy in response to pressure overload and also did not exhibit induction of the cardiac "fetal" gene program. TAC of the transgenic mice caused a rapid decompensation in most animals characterized by left ventricular dilatation, depressed systolic function, and increased postoperative mortality when compared with nontransgenic littermates. These results implicate RGS proteins as a crucial component of the signaling pathway involved in both the cardiac response to acute ventricular pressure overload and the cardiac hypertrophic program.
A METHOD OF TEACHING RELATIONAL ANATOMY.
Authors: C. M. JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

For many centuries the science of anatomy has been universally recognized as the foundation for the study of medicine. It is, therefore, evident that the best method of studying and teaching this fundamental subject is a problem of great importance. To anatomy belongs the credit of being the first science to adopt the objective, or laboratory method of study. Anatomists long ago insisted that the only way to gain real knowledge of anatomy is by dissection. The art of dissection has therefore been diligently cultivated for many centuries, and the practical limit of its development was reached nearly one hundred years ago. Indeed, the anatomists of the present day are perhaps inferior in the art of dissection to those of the previous generation. This is undoubtedly due to the increased attention paid in recent years to the related subjects of comparative anatomy and embryology, and to the new world of
Lack of electricity and mobile networks hampers treatment of injured in Philippines
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Nearly a fortnight after typhoon Haiyan devastated parts of the Philippines, the World Health Organization has said that acute surgical care was still needed.

Art Pesigan, WHO’s health cluster coordinator in the city of Cebu, said that the medical picture was mixed, with patients in the city of Tacloban, which suffered the greatest destruction, still needing trauma care.

“Here in Cebu we are moving away from the acute phase of addressing trauma and are shifting towards the need for early recovery, getting public health services in place, and doing more community work. But in Tacloban and some other areas that have still not been reached the acute needs are still high,” he said.

“The supplies and human resources …
Typical Appearance of Mesothelioma on an F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomograph
Authors: TARIK Z. BELHOCINE, FREDERIC DAENEN, BERNARD DUYSINX, THIERRY BURY, PIERRE RIGO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 72-year-old man was hospitalized with a right pleural effusion. Thoracic CT showed right pleural thickening with atelectasis. At the time of pleural biopsy, there was a bloody and serous effusion. Pleural biopsy showed a mesothelioma. Positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging performed 47 minutes after injection of 7.5 mCi fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) with attenuation correction showed hypermetabolic activity involving the right pleura compatible with a malignant lesion such as a mesothelioma. Another focus of hypermetabolic uptake at the apex of the right lung corresponds to an area of adherence. No lesions were found in the left lung, the mediastinum, or the liver. This case illustrates the diagnostic value of F-18 FDG PET in pleural disease and its ability to determine, in a single investigation, the malignant nature of a disease and to depict its extent.
Promiscuous Glycan Site Recognition by Antibodies to the High-Mannose Patch of gp120 Broadens Neutralization of HIV
Authors: Devin Sok, Katie J. Doores, Bryan Briney, Khoa M. Le, Karen L. Saye-Francisco, Alejandra Ramos, Daniel W. Kulp, Jean-Philippe Julien, Sergey Menis, Lalinda Wickramasinghe, Michael S. Seaman, William R. Schief, Ian A. Wilson, Pascal Poignard, Dennis R. Burton
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bnmAbs) that target the high-mannose patch centered around the glycan at position 332 on HIV Env are promising vaccine leads and therapeutic candidates because they effectively protect against mucosal SHIV challenge and strongly suppress SHIV viremia in established infection in macaque models. However, these antibodies demonstrate varying degrees of dependency on the N332 glycan site, and the origins of their neutralization breadth are not always obvious. By measuring neutralization on an extended range of glycan site viral variants, we found that some bnmAbs can use alternate N-linked glycans in the absence of the N332 glycan site and therefore neutralize a substantial number of viruses lacking the site. Furthermore, many of the antibodies can neutralize viruses in which the N332 glycan site is shifted to the 334 position. Finally, we found that a combination of three antibody families that target the high-mannose patch can lead to 99% neutralization coverage of a large panel of viruses containing the N332/N334 glycan site and up to 66% coverage for viruses that lack the N332/N334 glycan site. The results indicate that a diverse response against the high-mannose patch may provide near-equivalent coverage as a combination of bnmAbs targeting multiple epitopes. Additionally, the ability of some bnmAbs to use other N-linked glycan sites can help counter neutralization escape mediated by shifting of glycosylation sites. Overall, this work highlights the importance of promiscuous glycan binding properties in bnmAbs to the high-mannose patch for optimal antiviral activity in either protective or therapeutic modalities.
Abstract 1701: Elevated DNA adducts detected in human breast tumors than normal tissues from mammoplasty
Authors: Radha Mungala, Manicka Vadhanam, Anees Chagpar, Muffin Fleming, Betsy Fink, Mary Gridley, Henry Vasconez, Ramesh Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States. The etiology of the majority of human breast cancers is unknown. Elevated levels of estrogen and exposure to environmental carcinogens have been suggested to be involved in human breast cancer development. Several studies have also provided evidence of the potential role of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in breast cancer etiology. Identification of DNA adducts and monitoring change in DNA adduct profiles/burden in normal and cancer tissue may provide clues for risk of breast cancer. In this study, we detected and compared the levels of a wide range of polar to lipophilic adducts in tumor (n= 23) and adjacent normal tissue (n= 30) from breast cancer patients with normal tissue (n=124) from mammoplasty using a 32P-postlabeling adductomics. Adducts were classified into polar (P-1, P-2a and P2b or 8-oxodG) and lipophilic (L-1) in descending order of their polarities. Our results indicated significantly elevated total DNA adduct levels in tumor and adjacent normal tissue of breast cancer patients compared to normal tissues from mammoplasty. The levels of most polar adducts (P-1) were not significantly different among the tumor, adjacent and normal breast tissue. However, relatively lesser polar adducts, i.e., P-2a, P-2b (8-oxodG) and L-1 adducts were significantly higher in tumor and adjacent normal tissues of breast cancer patients compared with normal tissues from mammoplasty. Thus, there is a clear trend of adduct accumulation in the breast tissues of cancer patients that could have acted as a precursor event in carcinogenesis process. Therefore, elevated oxidative DNA adducts such as 8-oxodG can be a possible biomarker for early detection of breast cancer risk and subjects with high DNA adduct load may potentially be at higher risk for cancer development, and could be stratified for chemopreventive intervention. (Supported from CA-90892 and Agnes Brown Duggan Endowment) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1701.
Handbook of the Practice of Anesthesia
Authors: Benjamin E. Marbury
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In the preface the author outlines his purpose concerning the best approach and the best methods of modern anesthesia. He has purposely omitted the pharmacology and physiology of all drugs, including the anesthetic agents, referring the reader to "many other textbooks." The largest section with respect to fundamental ideas is devoted to the specific effects of drugs and anesthetic agents, and a plea is made for their use with the particular effects kept in mind. This book undertakes a discourse of modern anesthesiology in all aspects. Such a heroic undertaking covering, in 195 pages, all phases of anesthesia, together with such topics as adjuvants, hypotension, hypothermia, cardiac bypass, resuscitation, pre- and post-operative care, fluid therapy, and body water and solute equilibrium, would of necessity eliminate all pharmacology and physiology, and would demand, if nothing else, brevity. The brevity may also stimulate the neophyte, the uninitiated, and the ignorant to avail
Results of Splanchnicectomy on Patients with Hemorrhagic Hypertensive Retinitis
Authors: Ione Huntington, James A. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

WE have chosen the classification in the title merely for its simplicity and because the patients who most need salvage because of their poor prognosis are those with Grades 3 and 4 hypertension.This report is a study of the survival rate of patients who underwent splanchnicectomy during the period from 1935 through 1949, all of whom had hemorrhagic eye grounds and a few of whom had areas of prehemorrhagic capillary dilatation. These were cases of Grade 3 or 4 hypertension according to the classification of Keith, Wagener and Barker.1 Many other authors have reported increased survival rates with sympathectomy . . .
Early experience and difficulties with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of AIDS associated pneumonia in Britain.
Authors: C R Swinburn, A L Pozniak, S Sutherland, R A Banks, A J Teall, N M Johnson
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy have been used as adjuncts to the management of patients with pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the Middlesex Hospital and the experience gained and difficulties encountered in the first five cases are reported. Widely varying organisms were isolated from lavage aspirates, some of which may have been nasopharyngeal contaminants, and organisms cultured from the transbronchial biopsy specimens may offer a better guide to antimicrobial treatment. Pneumocystis carinii was found in two of the patients. In view of the potentially serious toxicity of high dose co-trimoxazole, continuation of this treatment may be inadvisable if Pneumocystis carinii is not identified by all available methods unless there are strong clinical grounds to suspect its presence.
VENTRAL HERNIA DURING PREGNANCY.
Authors: ERNEST F. ROBINSON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The following case is reported as a demonstration of the efficiency of "vertical overlapping" operation for ventral hernia. No severer test could be demanded than the experience of this case. <h3>Patient and History.</h3> —Mrs. H., aged 23, was seen in consultation with her attending physician, Dr. Trexler, June, 1905. She was a little over three months pregnant, and was suffering from a hernia. About one year before, she had given birth to a still-born child. This labor, her physician told me, was very severe and prolonged, and he feared the result should she undergo a similar experience with the hernia that existed. <h3>Examination.</h3> —A rupture at the umbilicus about the size of an orange was found, the hernial ring admitting the tips of two fingers. The hernia apparently contained omentum and at times, on straining, a knuckle of gut could apparently be felt. The contents of the hernial sac could
Changes in regional myocardial perfusion by muscarinic receptor subtypes in dogs
Authors: L. R PELC, G. J GROSS, D. C WARLTIER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

To determine the muscarinic receptor subtype (M1 or M2 or both) responsible for cholinergic coronary vasodilatation and alterations in the transmural distribution (endocardial to epicardial blood flow ratio) of coronary blood flow systemic and coronary haemodynamic indices and regional myocardial blood flow (radioactive microspheres) were measured in anaesthetised dogs. Submaximal vasodilative doses of the mixed muscarinic agonist acetylcholine were given by intracoronary infusion to avoid peripheral haemodynamic effects. Acetylcholine produced significant increases in myocardial perfusion and selectively redistributed flow to the subendocardium (increased endocardial to epicardial blood flow ratio). Pirenzepine (160 nmol·kg−1 iv), a selective M1 antagonist, produced no change in endocardial to epicardial blood flow ratio or myocardial blood flow but blocked the increase in endocardial to epicardial blood flow ratio and attenuated the transmural increase in myocardial perfusion during acetylcholine infusion. 4-Diphenylacetoxy-N- methylpiperidine methyl bromide (4-DAMP) (17 nmol·kg−1 iv), a selective M2 antagonist, also attenuated the transmural increase in myocardial blood flow but had little effect on the increase in endocardial to epicardial blood flow ratio produced by acetylcholine. These results support the hypothesis that M1 muscarinic coronary receptors are responsible for the redistribution of blood flow to the subendocardium (increased endocardial to epicardial blood flow ratio) during cholinergic coronary vasodilatation, whereas both M1 and M2 receptors are involved in increasing myocardial perfusion.
Reply: The Man with Stars Inside
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 December 1997Reply: The Man with Stars InsideJack Coulehan, MD, MPHJack Coulehan, MD, MPHState University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook, NY 11794-8036Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00043 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Koval and Rousseau present useful perspectives on the role of physician–patient communication in palliative care. Dr. Koval emphasizes that pain is a multidimensional experience. I agree. The more global concept of “suffering” is helpful in this context [1]. Patients may still experience suffering even if their pain is adequately treated with narcotics. To help alleviate their patients' suffering, physicians should attempt to understand and help address its psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. Although, in most cases, physicians will play a relatively minor role in this “existential” healing effort, a practitioner's empathy, respect, and willingness to listen can ...References1. Cassell EJ. The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1991. Google Scholar2. Coulehan JL, Block MR. Telling bad news. In: The Medical Interview. Mastering Skills for Clinical Practice. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis; 1997: 212-26. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook, NY 11794-8036 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 12Page: 1138KeywordsEmotionsFearPalliative careResidency Issue Published: 15 December 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
New Law Designed to Help People With Disabilities
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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