tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormone Therapy Use and Outcomes in the Women’s Health Initiative Trials—Reply
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Aaron K. Aragaki
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Dr Roehm requests more information about the gallbladder disease outcome in the WHI trials. The goal of our article was to provide a comprehensive, integrated overview of findings from the 2 hormone therapy trials, including results from extended postintervention follow-up.

Due to the large number of outcomes presented (including primary and secondary adjudicated end points and quality-of-life outcomes), we only had space to present age-stratified analyses for the primary and secondary outcomes. We presented the hazard ratio (HR) for gallbladder disease in the overall cohort for each trial and noted that no significant differences by age group were observed.
The Hidden and Potent Effects of Television Advertising
Authors: Dimitri A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Jean L. Wiecha, PhD; Karen E. Peterson, ScD, RD; David S. Ludwig, MD, PhD; Juhee Kim, ScD; Arthur Sobol, MA; Steven L. Gortmaker, PhDObjectives: To test whether increased television viewing is associated with increased total energy intake and with increased consumption of foods commonly advertised on television, and to test whether increased consumption of these foods mediates the relationship between television viewing and total energy intake.Design: Prospective observational study with baseline (fall 1995) and follow-up (spring 1997) measures of youth diet, physical activity, and television viewing. We used food advertising data to identify 6 food groups for study (sweet baked snacks, candy, fried potatoes, main courses commonly served as fast food, salty snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages).Setting and Participants: Five public schools in 4 communities near Boston. The sample included 548 students (mean age at baseline, 11.70 years; 48.4% female; and 63.5% white).Main Outcome Measures: Change in total energy intake and intake of foods commonly advertised on television from baseline to follow-up.Results: After adjusting for baseline covariates, each hour increase in television viewing was associated with an additional 167 kcal/d (95% confidence interval, 136-198 kcal/d; P &lt; .001) and with increases in the consumption of foods commonly advertised on television. Including changes in intakes of these foods in regression models provided evidence of their mediating role, diminishing or rendering nonsignificant the associations between change in television viewing and change in total energy intake.Conclusions: Increases in television viewing are associated with increased calorie intake among youth. This association is mediated by increasing consumption of calorie-dense low-nutrient foods frequently advertised on television.
Antibody-Coated Bacteria-Reply
Authors: Richard Gleckman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The recent study performed by Rumans and Vosti conveys extremely valuable information and underscores the limitations of the ACB immunofluorescent test to define the site of a urinary tract infection. By accepting the infallibility of the ACB immunofluorescent test, we "fell into the very trap" we were advising others to avoid. Our communication would have been more accurate if we had stated that the consistently negative immunofluorescent test<i>suggested</i>a bladder rather than a renal focus of infection. In addition, as we reviewed our article, we realized that we had inadvertently omitted nitrofurantoin from the list of antimicrobials that have been safely administered to the pregnant woman harboring a urinary tract infection.<sup>1</sup>
Vitamin D Compounds in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kenneth Scissors
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters17 June 2008Vitamin D Compounds in Chronic Kidney DiseaseKenneth Scissors, MDKenneth Scissors, MDFrom Grand Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Grand Junction, CO 81501.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I congratulate Palmer and colleagues (1) for exposing the lack of outcome data to support current guidelines and practices involving vitamin D therapy in chronic kidney disease. It should be noted, however, that their study addressed stage V and end-stage chronic kidney disease treated by nephrologists mainly with “active” vitamin D. But the vast majority of patients with chronic kidney disease have stage III or IV disease and are treated by primary care physicians with common vitamin D2 or D3. Palmer and colleagues' findings should not be extrapolated to imply that only patients with late-stage kidney disease ...References1. Palmer SC, McGregor DO, Macaskill P, Craig JC, Elder GJ, Strippoli GF. Meta-analysis: vitamin D compounds in chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:840-53. [PMID: 18087055] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266-81. [PMID: 17634462] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:S1-201. [PMID: 14520607] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Coyne DW. How to manage vitamin D deficiency. Renal and Urology News. October 2007. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Grand Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Grand Junction, CO 81501.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMeta-analysis: Vitamin D Compounds in Chronic Kidney Disease Suetonia C. Palmer , David O. McGregor , Petra Macaskill , Jonathan C. Craig , Grahame J. Elder , and Giovanni F.M. Strippoli Vitamin D Compounds in Chronic Kidney Disease Daniel W. Coyne Vitamin D Compounds in Chronic Kidney Disease Suetonia C. Palmer , Jonathan C. Craig , and Giovanni F.M. Strippoli Metrics 17 June 2008Volume 148, Issue 12Page: 969KeywordsCalcitriolCalciumChronic kidney diseasePreventive medicineRenal diseasesRenal failureTreatment guidelinesVitamin DVitamin D deficiency ePublished: 17 June 2008 Issue Published: 17 June 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 16614: Reduced Glucose Uptake and Increased Glycogen Synthase is Observed Early in a Mouse Model of the Human Arg302Gln-PRKAG2 Cardiac Syndrome
Authors: Stephanie Thorn, Michael Gollob, Rob deKemp, Ran Klein, Jennifer Renaud, Tyler Dumouchel, Rob Beanlands, Jean DaSilva
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome is characterized by frequent heart arrhythmias, excessive cardiac glycogen deposition and cardiomyopathy due to a mutation in the gamma2 subunit of AMP-activ...
Higher serum testosterone is associated with increased risk of advanced hepatitis C–related liver disease in males
Authors: Donna L. White, Shariar Tavakoli-Tabasi, Jill Kuzniarek, Rhia Pascua, David J. Ramsey, Hashem B. El-Serag
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Males have strikingly increased risk of advanced liver disease. However, the association between testosterone and risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related advanced liver disease is unknown. We performed a cross-sectional study in male veterans with chronic HCV. Blood samples were obtained to measure total serum testosterone and perform the FibroSURE-ActiTest. Other risk-factor data were obtained through systematic questionnaires (e.g., alcohol), physical measurements (e.g., body mass index), and serological tests (e.g., viral load). The association between total testosterone and risk of advanced hepatic fibrosis (F3 and F3/F4) and inflammatory activity (A3 and A2/3) measured by the FibroSURE-ActiTest was evaluated with logistic regression. A total of 308 eligible study participants were prospectively recruited (mean age: 57; 52% African-American). There were 105 cases with advanced fibrosis and 203 mild fibrosis controls as well as 88 cases with advanced inflammatory activity and 220 mild activity controls. Mean total serum testosterone was significantly higher in advanced fibrosis cases as well as advanced inflammatory activity cases, compared to mild disease controls (6.0 versus 5.3 ng/mL and 5.9 versus 5.4 ng/mL, respectively). We observed a significant 25% increase in advanced fibrosis risk and 15% increase in advanced inflammatory activity risk for each 1-ng/mL increase in total serum testosterone. Total testosterone in the upper tertile was associated with an even greater excess risk of advanced fibrosis than advanced inflammatory activity (odds ratio [OR]adjusted advanced fibrosis = 3.74; 95% CI: 1.86-6.54 versus ORadjusted advanced inflammatory activity = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.07-4.93, respectively). Conclusions : Total serum testosterone is associated with an increased risk of both advanced hepatic fibrosis and advanced hepatic inflammatory activity in HCV-infected men. Testosterone may be important in the pathogenesis of HCV-related advanced liver disease in males.
Efficacy Of 300IR 5-Grass Pollen Sublingual Tablets In Grass Pollen-Induced Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis: Pooled Analysis By Age
Authors: Robert K. Zeldin, Ulrich Wahn, Alain Didier, Armelle Montagut, Marie-Pierre Furrer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Licensing diagnostic tests may benefit everyone
Authors: Eric S Kilpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Modified Mediterranean diet and survival Evidence for diet linked longevity is substantialEditor-The EPIC-elderly cohort study was designed to investigate the association between a modified Mediterranean diet and longer life expectancy among an elderly subpopulation (older than 60) that is part of the larger EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. 1 2 Focusing the attention on a sample with a more restricted age range seems to reinforce previous findings on diet linked longevity, but important risk factors were not taken into account in collecting the data.Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure are well known determinants of cardiovascular disease.The study's outcomes are expressed in term of mortality, and cardiovascular disease remains the most important of all causes of death.The benefits of a healthy eating pattern with respect to these variables have been shown. 3he same might not be sustained if the total EPIC cohort were considered (aged 20-85). 2 Have the authors considered any possible statistical gain from including these risk factors in the analysis when considering the younger subgroup?We believe that the conclusions for participants older than 60 are stronger if the risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women after the menopause is considered.In a world in which people eat mainly processed foods that are rich in saturated fats, the analysis is a warning to adopt a healthier dietary pattern and, broadly, lifestyle changes.
Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Among Wrestlers
Authors: Paul S. Porter
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Herpes simplex among wrestlers is a novel expression of herpetic infection, which, to our knowledge, had not been reported in the English literature prior to 1964.<sup>1,2</sup>This report analyzes the epidemiological data of an outbreak at Dartmouth College during the 1964-1965 wrestling season. The incidence in the Northeast was determined from questionnaires completed by physicians at colleges competing in this area. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3><h3>Local Epidemic.—</h3> The Dartmouth College team consisted of 19 healthy white men engaged in active competition in intercollegiate wrestling. They represented all weight classes; their ages ranged from 18 to 22 years. Specific historical information was recorded as to the presence of the atopic diathesis (personal or immediate-family history of hay fever, asthma, eczema, or migraine) and previously documented herpes infection. All wrestling contacts during the preceding three weeks were recorded. The examination of the skin included a detailed recording of any abrasions or other
Implementing clinical governance
Authors: N. W Goodman, S. W O'Kelly, R. Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>abstract</h3> Brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) is an invasive species in the Desolation Wilderness of California. But it is unknown to what extent this species is evolving to adapt to isolated high altitude lakes. We quantified morphological differences between three brook trout populations in Desolation Wilderness that are in isolation and of common origin. We took standardized photos of fish, created geometric nets of each specimen using points located at known morphological features, and performed a Procrustes superimposition and principal component analysis to examine and cluster morphological variation between individuals. Together, our results show morphological differences between three <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> populations in independent environments. Our results suggest that invasive species introduced from one source can show physical variation generations after introduction, and thus deserve attention for adapting to and perhaps becoming an increasingly complex part of their ecosystem.
The Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Michael L. Goris
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the PIOPED study,<sup>1</sup>no data are presented that support the clustering of specific outcomes in the five categories presented. Why do the authors not show the distribution of the three outcomes clustered under high probability and indicate whether they all had identical predictive value? When they write "without corresponding ventilation or roentgenographic abnormalities," do they mean that both abnormalities are absent or that either one or the other is absent? What does the term "high-probability scans" mean? Surely not that the authors believe that a scan was performed? Nor, since the authors accept that the predictive value depends on the population under study, can they mean that pulmonary embolism is likely. If a sign (eg, "intermediate probability") is present in 45% of patients without pulmonary embolism and 42% of those with, it seems quaint to define the sensitivity in terms of the presence, rather than
A personal review of the XXII World Congress on Sports Medicine, Vienna, 1982.
Authors: P. Sperryn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

The Vienna World Congress on Sports Medicine in July 1982 highlighted the worldwide spread of interest and research in the subject.Sports medicine is now a multi-disciplinary field covering the whole of exercise, science and medicine.Two pressures mark its advance: the need for greater intra-disciplinary expertise in line with advancing technology and research and the inevitable need for multi-disciplinary co-operation as the complexity of the field increases.Three main themes ran through the scientific programme.Firstly, mass sport and exercise is becoming a government- backed movement, linked with Public Health throughout the world.Secondly, high performance sport continues to attract top research interest.Together with research into cellular levels of performance, a new technology is developing of movement analysis, e.g. in running and other sports and orthopaedic research is becoming more bio-mechanically orientated.Thirdly, sports injuries are always a prominent part of such meetings but the quality and quantity of communi- cations has improved almost out of recognition over the past decade.The running revolution has triggered one set of research stimuli -into bio-mechanics, the foot, over-use injuries and footwear, but it is also as if the orthopaedic world had suddenly discovered sport as an outlet for its own newly emerging technology and a profusion of ingenious and original papers on injuries reflected this.
Somatostatin Analogue, Octreotide, Reduces Increased Glomerular Filtration Rate and Kidney Size in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Authors: Omar Serri
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To determine whether treatment with a somatostatin analogue can reduce kidney hyperfiltration and hypertrophy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we studied 11 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and glomerular hyperfiltration. The patients were assigned randomly to receive continuous subcutaneous infusion of either octreotide, 300 micrograms/24 h (five patients) or placebo (six patients) for 12 weeks. At baseline, mean glomerular filtration rate and mean total kidney volume were not significantly different in the two groups. However, after 12 weeks of treatment, the mean glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in the octreotide group (136 mL/min per 1.73 m2; range, 91 to 158 mL/min per 1.73 m2) than in the placebo group (157 mL/min per 1.73 m2; range, 138 to 184 mL/min per 1.73 m2). Furthermore, the mean total kidney volume was significantly lower after treatment in the octreotide group (379 mL/1.73 m2; range, 307 to 454 mL/1.73 m2) than in the placebo group (389 mL/1.73 m2; range, 347 to 465 mL/1.73 m2). Glycemic control did not change significantly in either group. We conclude that subcutaneous infusion of octreotide for 12 weeks reduces increased glomerular filtration rate and kidney size in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus despite the fact that glycemic control remains unchanged.
New arrangements for the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
Authors: Joe Collier
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Offer lay involvement, fewer competing interests, and better decision making 

M ajor changes are occurring at the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and these hold promise for real advance. The events of the last weeks and months give important insights into the changes now underway.

On 5 April the House of Commons health select committee in its report on the influence of the pharmaceutical industry found that the agency was complacent, lacking the competence to act as a licensing authority. It recommended that the agency be subject to an independent review. On 7 April, government laid before parliament the Medicines (Advisory Bodies) Regulations,1 presaging the abolition of the agency's two key advisory bodies—the Medicines Commission and the Committee on the Safety of Medicines—both essentially unchanged since the early 1970s. On 13 April the national press carried advertisements inviting senior professionals and representatives of patients and consumers to fill posts in the new system.

To these recent events one must add …
PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS OF PSYCHIATRIC FACILITIES IN GENERAL HOSPITALS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Authors: A. E. BENNETT, EUGENE A. HARGROVE, BERNICE ENGLE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

Present psychiatric facilities in general hospitals are extremely inadequate. Only 279 of 4,761 United States general hospitals offer any kind of adequate inpatient psychiatric service. Although half of all hospital beds are now used for treatment of chronic mental illness, yet general hospitals provide only 4% of beds for acute psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric personnel is below minimum numbers. Training programs are insufficient to meet the demands, as witness 14 completed units unable to operate for lack of personnel. Only 309 of the total 4,761 general hospitals train psychiatric personnel. Medical schools do not place enough emphasis on psychiatric teaching, training, treatment, and research in general hospitals. Only 52 of the 73 medical schools use them, and only 9 use all clinical departments for the integration of psychiatry. Voluntary health insurance coverage of psychiatric disorders is disgracefully lacking. Only 10% of Blue Cross and 4% of Blue Shield plans studied provide the same benefits for psychiatric as for other medical disorders. The rest discriminate as to days, benefits, or dollar maximums. Half completely exclude psychiatric problems. In view of these urgent deficiencies the following recommendation has been made: that psychiatrists give attention to general hospital problems in order to help integrate psychiatry into medicine, thereby reducing chronic mental illness and providing beds for private-practicing psychiatrists.
Reagan case sparks interest in colon cancer
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Whenever a prominent public figure comes down with a medical problem or an identifiable disease, public interest in that disease surges. President Reagan's colon cancer proved no exception. When it was announced that the President had undergone surgery for colon cancer, there was a sudden "tremendous interest in colorectal cancer," says Irving Rimer, the American Cancer Society's public relations director in New York City. At the time, a spokesperson for the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Md, reported that the day after the diagnosis was announced, the institute received 75 telephone calls concerning colorectal cancer. Before that, the institute averaged only about seven calls a day on the subject. In the normal course of events, it might reasonably be expected that this interest would wane with time. But not in this case. The continued interest is attested to by data collected by a program called the Cancer Information Service, which
John Graham Pegg
Authors: H. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant anaesthetist Hospital of St Cross, Rugby, and Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry (b Reigate 1917; q King's College Hospital 1943; FFARCS), died from a cerebral haemorrhage on 19 November 2001.

Joining the Royal Air Force he went to Normandy with an RAF hospital and burns unit. He gained experience in anaesthetics and treated some of the casualties from Arnhem. In 1951 he was appointed as a singlehanded consultant to the Hospital of St Cross in Rugby with duties at four other hospitals in the area.Retirement gave him more time for his very large garden, archaeology, and, latterly, computing. He leaves a wife, three children, and six grandchildren.
MHC Class II–Restricted Antigen Presentation by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Drives Proatherogenic T Cell Immunity
Authors: Andrew P. Sage, Deirdre Murphy, Pasquale Maffia, Leanne M. Masters, Suleman R. Sabir, Lauren L. Baker, Helen Cambrook, Alison J. Finigan, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Gianluca Grassia, James E. Harrison, Burkhard Ludewig, Walter Reith, Göran K. Hansson, Boris Reizis, Stéphanie Hugues, Ziad Mallat
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) bridge innate and adaptive immune responses and are important regulators of immuno-inflammatory diseases. However, their role in atherosclerosis remains elusive.Here, we used genetic approaches to investigate the role of pDCs in atherosclerosis. Selective pDC deficiency in vivo was achieved using CD11c-Cre × Tcf4(-/flox) bone marrow transplanted into Ldlr(-/-) mice. Compared with control Ldlr(-/-) chimeric mice, CD11c-Cre × Tcf4(-/flox) mice had reduced atherosclerosis levels. To begin to understand the mechanisms by which pDCs regulate atherosclerosis, we studied chimeric Ldlr(-/-) mice with selective MHCII deficiency on pDCs. Significantly, these mice also developed reduced atherosclerosis compared with controls without reductions in pDC numbers or changes in conventional DCs. MHCII-deficient pDCs showed defective stimulation of apolipoprotein B100-specific CD4(+) T cells in response to native low-density lipoprotein, whereas production of interferon-α was not affected. Finally, the atheroprotective effect of selective MHCII deficiency in pDCs was associated with significant reductions of proatherogenic T cell-derived interferon-γ and lesional T cell infiltration, and was abrogated in CD4(+) T cell-depleted animals.This study supports a proatherogenic role for pDCs in murine atherosclerosis and identifies a critical role for MHCII-restricted antigen presentation by pDCs in driving proatherogenic T cell immunity.