tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of intestinal resection on human small bowel motility.
Authors: T Schmidt, A Pfeiffer, N Hackelsberger, R Widmer, C Meisel, H Kaess
Journal: Gut (1996)

Few data are available on adaptive changes of human small bowel motility after intestinal resection.To characterise jejunal motility after extensive and limited distal intestinal resection.Seven patients with a short bowel syndrome after total ileal and partial jejunal resection (residual jejunal segments between 60 and 100 cm) and six patients with limited distal ileal resection (resected segment between 30 and 70 cm) underwent ambulatory 24 hour jejunal manometry 15 (6-24) months after the operation. Normal values were obtained from 50 healthy subjects. Fasting motility and the motor response to a 600 kcal solid meal were analysed visually and by a computer program.Limited ileal resection did not result in changed jejunal motility. After extensive distal resection, patients had a significantly shorter migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle and a significantly shorter duration of the postprandial motor response compared with controls (p < 0.005). Intestinal resection had no influence on jejunal contraction frequency and amplitude and did not lead to any abnormal motor pattern.Extensive distal resection of the small intestine produces distinct abnormalities of fasting and postprandial motility in the intestinal remnant. The shortening of digestive motility and the increased frequency of MMC cycling could contribute to malabsorption and diarrhoea in the short bowel syndrome.
Publication bias and the editorial process
Authors: J. L. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —The study by Dickersin et al from Johns Hopkins1on publication of research results and the Editorial by Dr Rennie and Ms Flanagin2neglected to analyze the response of journal editors to the reputation of the institution from which the manuscript originated. My experience is that editors are influenced favorably to publish manuscripts from big name institutions. I am concerned that negative results from a less prominent institution are less likely to be published, even if the paper is well written and the results are derived from an excellent protocol with impeccable numbers. What was the pattern of editorial response? How many manuscripts were returned for revision more than once? Were the reviews brief or nitpicking? How often did the Hopkins authors come away with the impression that the reviewer never read the manuscript beyond the abstract and that the review was unfair? Based on
Managed Care and Merger Mania
Authors: Victor R. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The ascendancy of managed care and the concomitant stampede to consolidation of health care organizations through mergers and acquisitions are transforming the body and soul of American medicine. Not long ago, insured patients could choose freely among available providers, physicians' decisions were rarely questioned by insurers, most physicians practiced solo or in small groups and were reimbursed fee-for-service, and most hospitals were stand-alone organizations reimbursed retrospectively according to their average costs. Today under managed care, purchasers selectively contract with providers, patients face financial penalties if they seek care "out of plan," fees and prices are negotiated in advance, physicians' decisions are subject to outside review and management, and providers often share in the insurance risk. Moreover, the locus of care has shifted dramatically toward consolidated organizations. What explains the triumph of managed care and consolidation over traditional modes of finance and organization? Will current trends continue, and if so,
Experimental live influenza vaccine undergoes evaluation
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

While influenza control policies are being worked out, an experimental live attenuated type A vaccine is being evaluated. Administered intranasally, the experimental vaccine has shown promise in initial clinical trials. But even if this promise is fulfilled, it's expected to be at least the late 1980s before the vaccine could be made available commercially. Reporting the initial trial data (<i>Lancet</i>1984;I:705-708), the investigators—from the universities of Maryland (Baltimore) and Rochester (NY), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Bethesda, Md)— say 81 women and men, 18 to 35 years of age, volunteered for the study. They were divided into three groups, one (41 persons) receiving the experimental vaccine nose drops (three dosages were tested), another (16) receiving a commercially prepared inactivated subvirion vaccine, and the third (24) receiving placebo nose drops. Volunteers of this age were selected because of their apparent low risk of serious complications from influenza. They lived
Constitutively active heat shock factor 1 enhances glucose-driven insulin secretion
Authors: Tsuyoshi Uchiyama, Shoichi Tomono, Toshihiro Utsugi, Yoshio Ohyama, Tetsuya Nakamura, Hideaki Tomura, Shoji Kawazu, Fumikazu Okajima, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Mechanical Inhibition of Angiogenesis at the Saphenofemoral Junction in the Surgical Treatment of Varicose Veins
Authors: André M. van Rij, Gregory T. Jones, B. Geraldine Hill, Mohammad Amer, Ian A. Thomson, Ross A. Pettigrew, Stephen G.K. Packer
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) ligation has been a major component of surgical intervention for varicose veins; however, recurrence occurs in as many as 40%. Neovascularization with reconnection of the venous channels at the transected SFJ has been identified as the major cause of this recurrence. This randomized controlled study sought to evaluate mechanical suppression of neovascularization at the SFJ, with the use of a synthetic patch, to prevent recurrence after ligation surgery.A total of 389 limbs (from 292 patients) were randomized into either control (SFJ ligation surgery) or patch (SFJ ligation with polytetrafluoroethylene patch of the transected SFJ) groups. All patients underwent clinical assessment, duplex imaging, and air plethysmography studies preoperatively and at 1, 6, 12, and 36 months postoperatively. The patch consistently halved the recurrence rate to 3 years postoperatively in all clinical subgroups. In those patched SFJs that still developed recurrence, evidence of neovascularization circumventing the polytetrafluoroethylene patch was observed by both ultrasound and histology.This study demonstrates that use of a polytetrafluoroethylene patch is an effective mechanical suppressant of neovasculogenesis at the SFJ and can be safely used as a strategy to improve long-term outcome of varicose vein surgery.
MTAS in GP land
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Question addressed by study</h3> Administration of aerosol to patients receiving high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) ranges from concurrent aerosol delivery by mouthpiece to aerosol <i>via</i> cannula alone. This study examines the conditions to provide optimal aerosol delivery with low- or high-flow nasal oxygen with concurrent mouthpiece or through nasal cannula alone, and the impact on fugitive aerosols. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> A vibrating mesh nebuliser delivered salbutamol <i>via</i> mouthpiece, aerosol holding chamber and nasal cannula to an adult head model simulating relaxed breathing. The mean±sd inhaled dose (%) was assayed from a filter distal to the trachea. Optical particle sizers were used to measure fugitive aerosol concentrations during aerosol delivery. <h3>Results</h3> Concurrent low-flow nasal oxygen (LFNO) and aerosol delivery with a mouthpiece and aerosol holding chamber increased the inhaled dose (%) available, 31.44±1.33% when supplemented with 2 L·min<sup>−1</sup> of nasal oxygen. Concurrent HFNO above 30 L·min<sup>−1</sup> resulted in a lower inhaled dose (%) compared to aerosol delivered through HFNO alone. The addition of concurrent LFNO or HFNO resulted in no increase in aerosol levels in the test room. <h3>Answer to question posed</h3> Concurrent LFNO with a mouthpiece and aerosol holding chamber is an effective and safe means of aerosol delivery.
Predictive Value of Electron Beam Computed Tomography of the Coronary Arteries
Authors: Yadon Arad, Louise A. Spadaro, Ken Goodman, Alfonso Lledo-Perez, Scott Sherman, Gail Lerner, Alan D. Guerci
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Coronary electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) detects atherosclerotic coronary artery disease by measuring calcium deposition in the walls of coronary arteries. EBCT-derived coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores correlate with the severity of underlying coronary artery disease.We followed 1173 asymptomatic patients who underwent EBCT between September 1993 and March 1994. During average follow-up of 19 months, 18 subjects had 26 cardiovascular events: 1 death, 7 myocardial infarctions, 8 coronary artery bypass graft procedures, 9 coronary angioplasties, and 1 nonhemorrhagic stroke. For CAC score thresholds of 100, 160, and 680, EBCT had sensitivities of 89%, 89%, and 50% and specificities of 77%, 82%, and 95%, respectively. Odds ratios ranged from 20.0 to 35.4 (P < .0001 for all).Coronary EBCT predicts future atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events in asymptomatic subjects.
Review: Nonergot dopamine agonists reduce symptoms in the restless legs syndrome but may be discontinued due to adverse events
Authors: Shivu Kaushik, Amy R. Blanchard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club21 October 2008Review: Nonergot dopamine agonists reduce symptoms in the restless legs syndrome but may be discontinued due to adverse eventsShivu Kaushik, MD, Amy R. Blanchard, MDShivu Kaushik, MDMedical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA (S.K., A.R.B.)Search for more papers by this author, Amy R. Blanchard, MDMedical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA (S.K., A.R.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-8-200810210-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBaker WL, White CM, Coleman CI. Effect of nonergot dopamine agonists on symptoms of restless legs syndrome. Ann Fam Med. 2008;6:253-62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18474889Clinical Impact RatingsNeurology: References1 Karatas M. Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements during sleep: diagnosis and treatment. Neurologist. 2007;13:294-301. [PMID: 17848868] Google Scholar2 Hening WA, Allen RP, Earley CJ, et al. An update on the dopaminergic treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep. 2004;27;560-83. [PMID: 15164915] Google Scholar3 Silber MH, Ehrenberg BL, Allen RP, et al. An algorithm for the management of restless legs syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79:916-22. [PMID: 15244390] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Shivu Kaushik, MD; Amy R. Blanchard, MDAffiliations: Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA (S.K., A.R.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 October 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 October 2008Volume 149, Issue 8Page: JC4-10KeywordsAdverse eventsDopamineDrugsFood and Drug AdministrationLevodopaNauseaProphylaxisRelative riskRestless legs syndromeSedation ePublished: 21 October 2008 Issue Published: 21 October 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Penetrance of haemochromatosis
Authors: E Beutler
Journal: Gut (2003)

Ryan and colleagues ( Gut 2002; 51 :108–12) note that the expected homozygote frequency of 1 in 83 for the HFE C282Y mutation is not reflected in the number of patients with haemochromatosis seen in a clinical setting. Accordingly, they have studied family members of patients with haemochromatosis as a surrogate for population screening. As they point out, there are probably genes other than HFE that affect the expression of hereditary haemochromatosis, and such genes are likely to be overrepresented in the families …
The Internalising and Externalising Dimensions of Affective Symptoms in Depressed (Unipolar) and Bipolar Patients
Authors: P. Bech, H.V. Hansen, L.V. Kessing
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

To analyse the internalising and externalising dimensions of affective states in depressed (unipolar) and bipolar patients approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark.The 42-item symptom scale based on the Beck Depression Inventory was used for the measurement of both the internalising dimension of affective symptoms (depression including suicidal ideas, anxiety and asthenia) and the externalising dimension (mania). To supplement the latter dimension, the WHO-5 questionnaire was included. These questionnaires were mailed to a large population of patients with depressive (unipolar) or bipolar disorders, representative of patients treated in hospital settings in Denmark, approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital.In total, 244 unipolars and 214 bipolars were included in the study. Mokken analysis showed that depressive (unipolar) patients could be measured more validly than bipolar patients on the internalising subscales of depression, anxiety and asthenia. On the externalising dimension of psychological well-being (WHO-5), both groups of patients could be validly measured. Approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital, around 36% of the unipolars and 19% of the bipolars had a moderate to severe depression. In a control group of healthy subjects, 4% had a moderate to severe depression. Less than 5% even in the bipolar group of patients were hypomanic.Approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark, depressive (unipolar) patients scored significantly higher than bipolar patients on the internalising dimension and suicidal ideas, and significantly lower on the externalising dimension of psychological well-being.
Characteristics and lipid requirements of coagulant proteins extracted from lung and brain: the specificity of the protein component of tissue factor
Authors: Yale Nemerson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Soluble proteins were prepared from bovine lung and brain which, when combined with phospholipids, had the biological characteristics of tissue factor. The proteins were solubilized from delipidated (heptane; butanol-extracted) acetone powders with deoxycholate, and precipitated by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) (30-60% saturation). These soluble proteins, which contained less than 1% phospholipid, were essentially inert in an assay for tissue factor. When they were recombined with phospholipids, however, activity increased by a factor of 500-1000. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the most active specific phospholipid, followed by phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylserine was inert. Mixed phospholipids were from two to four times more active than phosphatidylethanolamine. Maximum activity was obtained at phospholipid to protein ratios of 1.5:1 (wt/wt), and when relipidation was performed in deoxycholate followed by dialysis against 0.05 M imidazole-0.375 M NaCl, pH 7.2. The proteins were characterized by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200; the activity eluted as a single peak with an apparent mol wt of 425,000. The brain and lung activities were recovered from chromatography on triethyl-aminoethyl-cellulose as single peaks, although the salt concentration required for elution was different for each protein. This suggests that within each organ there is one tissue factor-protein, but there may be molecular differences between brain and lung tissue factor. Alternatively, the chromatographic differences may simply reflect charge differences imparted to the proteins by residual lipids.
First UK prosecution for female genital mutilation moves a step closer
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is examining five cases of alleged female genital mutilation as part of its effort to try to finally bring the first successful prosecution for the offence in the United Kingdom.

Female genital mutilation has been a criminal offence in the UK for almost 30 years under the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985. The law was made tougher in 2003 when the Female Genital Mutilation Act made it an offence for UK citizens to take a child abroad for the procedure.

Each year more than 20 000 girls under the age of 15 years living in the UK are believed to be subjected to female genital mutilation or “cutting,” and 66 000 women are living with the consequences.1 However, …
Renal Failure and Fluorosis
Authors: Luis I. Juncos
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two patients had a combination of renal insufficiency and systemic fluorosis. One had bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and recurrent pyelonephritis, with resulting renal atrophy; the other had probable renal dysgenesis of indeterminate origin. Both patients had polydipsia, polyuria, and markedly reduced renal function. Both also had clinical and roentgenographic evidence of systemic fluorosis. It is postulated that the renal insufficiency which resulted in the large intake of fluoride-containing water and reduced excretion of fluoride combined to produce systemic fluorosis.
Hepatitis C virus and organ transplantation
Authors: Christine Silvain, Luc de Bayser, Gerard Agius, Alain Sadoun, Michel Beauchant
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

We read with interest the paper of Martin et al. (1) published in a recent issue of this journal.In this study, 28 patients did not have hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies by ELISA (Ortho Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ) before liver transplantation, and none of them developed HCV antibodies or clinically overt hepatitis C afterwards.Certainly, as the authors stated, the development of more sensitive techniques to detect HCV infection in patients with allografts may establish whether anti-HCV seronegative cases of HCV infection occur.However, even if underestimated in the study of Martin et al., the prevalence of hepatitis C appears very low if compared with the high number of blood products received.We attempted to evaluate the prevalence of HCV infection in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), which is, as in liver transplantation, associated with high blood derivative requirements.Forty-eight patients underwent 52 BMTs from May 1984 t o July 1989.Serum samples drawn before and after the BMTs were kept frozen until HCV antibodies were tested with ELISA in 43 of these patients who underwent 46 BMTs for chronic myeloid leukemia (9 patients), acute lymphocytic leukemia (10 patients), acute myeloid leukemia (10 patients), multiple myeloma (5 patients), lymphoma (4 patients) and miscellaneous disorders (5 patients).HCV antibodies were not detected either before or after BMT in the 18 patients who died within 3 mo after BMT.Serum abnormalities of liver function tests were noted in 12 of these patients and were attributed to acute graft vs. host disease (GVHD) or veno-occlusive disease but not to a likely HCV infection.Twenty-eight patients survived more than 3 mo after BMT; none had HCV antibodies before BMT.After BMT, HCV antibodies were detected in 3 of these 28 patients (10.7% prevalence).In these three patients, HCV seropositivity developed 1 mo, 6 mo and 12 mo, respectively, after BMT.A liver biopsy was performed in the second patient and showed lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate with biliary neocanaliculi and mild steatosis with no clinical signs of GVHD and no biological signs of cytomegalovirus infection.All three patients experienced fluctuating cytolysis during follow-up.High HCV antibody levels were still observed 5 yr, 5 yr and 3 yr, respectively, after BMT, whereas only two of them had elevated transaminases at the end of follow-up.These three patients were positive with second gen-
Estrogen Replacement Therapy: New Options, Continuing Concerns-Reply
Authors: Trudy L. Bush
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —Drs Hanson and Melzer express astonishment that the PEPI trial investigators were allowed to randomize women with an intact uterus to an unopposed estrogen arm. A detailed description of the rationale and design of the PEPI trial has been published previously. 1 Nonetheless, we welcome this opportunity to explain again our reasons for this inclusion.  During the design phase of PEPI, the investigators concluded that assigning women with a uterus to an unopposed estrogen arm was scientifically important and ethically appropriate because (1) information on the association between estrogen and cardiovascular disease had been obtained almost exclusively from studies of unopposed estrogen; (2) excluding women with a uterus from 1 treatment group would limit the inferences that could be drawn from PEPI; and (3) the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists includes unopposed estrogen as a treatment option in women with a uterus, provided an annual endometrial biopsy is obtained.
The 67-kDa laminin receptor originated from a ribosomal protein that acquired a dual function during evolution
Authors: E. Ardini, G. Pesole, E. Tagliabue, A. Magnifico, V. Castronovo, M. E. Sobel, M. I. Colnaghi, S. Menard
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is a nonintegrin cell surface receptor that mediates high-affinity interactions between cells and laminin. Overexpression of this protein in tumor cells has been related to tumor invasion and metastasis. Thus far, only a full-length gene encoding a 37-kDa precursor protein (37LRP) has been isolated. The finding that the cDNA for the 37LRP is virtually identical to a cDNA encoding the ribosomal protein p40 has suggested that 37LRP is actually a component of the translational machinery, with no laminin-binding activity. On the other hand, a peptide of 20 amino acids deduced from the sequence of 37LR/p40 was shown to exhibit high laminin-binding activity. The evolutionary relationship between 23 sequences of 37LRP/p40 proteins was analyzed. This phylogenetic analysis indicated that all of the protein sequences derive from orthologous genes and that the 37LRP is indeed a ribosomal protein that acquired the novel function of laminin receptor during evolution. The evolutionary analysis of the sequence identified as the laminin-binding site in the human protein suggested that the acquisition of the laminin-binding capability is linked to the palindromic sequence LMWWML, which appeared during evolution concomitantly with laminin.
Pioneers in Providing a Competency Inventory
Authors: Donald F. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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