tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genomic analysis of smooth tubercle bacilli provides insights into ancestry and pathoadaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Philip Supply, Michael Marceau, Sophie Mangenot, David Roche, Carine Rouanet, Varun Khanna, Laleh Majlessi, Alexis Criscuolo, Julien Tap, Alexandre Pawlik, Laurence Fiette, Mickael Orgeur, Michel Fabre, Cécile Parmentier, Wafa Frigui, Roxane Simeone, Eva C Boritsch, Anne-Sophie Debrie, Eve Willery, Danielle Walker, Michael A Quail, Laurence Ma, Christiane Bouchier, Grégory Salvignol, Fadel Sayes, Alessandro Cascioferro, Torsten Seemann, Valérie Barbe, Camille Locht, Maria-Cristina Gutierrez, Claude Leclerc, Stephen D Bentley, Timothy P Stinear, Sylvain Brisse, Claudine Médigue, Julian Parkhill, Stéphane Cruveiller, Roland Brosch
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)

Roland Brosch and colleagues report whole-genome sequencing of tubercle bacilli with smooth colony morphology, also known as Mycobacterium canetti and/or Mycobacterium prototuberculosis, obtained from humans with tuberculosis from geographically diverse regions. Their comparative genomic analysis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other M. tuberculosis complex members identifies extensive recombination and provides insights into the evolution of mycobacteria. The authors also report that tubercle bacilli with smooth colony morphology show reduced persistence and virulence compared to M. tuberculosis strains in infection experiments in mice. Global spread and limited genetic variation are hallmarks of M. tuberculosis, the agent of human tuberculosis. In contrast, Mycobacterium canettii and related tubercle bacilli that also cause human tuberculosis and exhibit unusual smooth colony morphology are restricted to East Africa. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the whole genomes of five representative strains of smooth tubercle bacilli (STB) using Sanger (4–5× coverage), 454/Roche (13–18× coverage) and/or Illumina DNA sequencing (45–105× coverage). We show that STB isolates are highly recombinogenic and evolutionarily early branching, with larger genome sizes, higher rates of genetic variation, fewer molecular scars and distinct CRISPR-Cas systems relative to M. tuberculosis. Despite the differences, all tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria share a highly conserved core genome. Mouse infection experiments showed that STB strains are less persistent and virulent than M. tuberculosis. We conclude that M. tuberculosis emerged from an ancestral STB-like pool of mycobacteria by gain of persistence and virulence mechanisms, and we provide insights into the molecular events involved.
AUTOMATED 3-D CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PROXIMAL ISOVELOCITY SURFACE AREA AND VENA CONTRACTA OF MITRAL REGURGITATION BY REAL-TIME VOLUME COLOR DOPPLER IMAGING: INITIAL CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Shizhen Liu, Saurabh Datta, Adrien Ntinunu, Thomas Van Houten, Nathalie De Michelis, Joel Mancina, Mary Ellen Orsinelli, Helene Houle, Dawn Lombardo, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, David Orsinelli, Peng Li, Thomas Ryan, Mani Vannan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 1916: Atherosclerosis Inflammation Imaging With FDG-PET/CT is Highly Reproducibile in Carotid, Iliac and Femoral Arteries
Authors: James H Rudd, Kelly S Myers, Sameer Bansilal, Josef Machac, Michael Farkouh, Valentin Fuster, Zahi A Fayad
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: FDG PET can be used to quantify inflammation within atherosclerotic plaque, and can differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic lesions. What is unknown are the inter- and intra-obser...
Stimulatory effect on bone formation exerted by a modified chitosan
Authors: R.A.A. Muzzarelli, M. Mattioli-Belmonte, C. Tietz, R. Biagini, G. Ferioli, M.A. Brunelli, M. Fini, R. Giardino, P. Ilari, G. Biagini
Journal: Biomaterials (1994)
VOLVULUS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
Authors: A. H. Southam
Journal: BMJ (1923)

L MEDICAL JOuBRNA side of the heart, and with clubbed fingers connected with the chronic obstruction in the pulmonary circulation.Roentgen-ray examination of the lungs likewise suggested the changes met with in cases of diffuse chronic pulmonary tuberculosis.But the absence of crepitation and all signs of active pulmonary tuberculosis was remarkable.There was very little expectoration and in the scanty mucous sputum obtainable no tubercle bacilli could be found.The Pirquet cuti-reaction for tuberculosis was weakly positive, as it is in most adults.On the other hand the patient's blood serum (April 5th) gave a strongly positive Wassermann reaction.During a prolonged attack of the "cardiac dyspnoea " type the patient died on April 6th.From April 3rd there had been occasional slight
Herpes simplex virus type 2-associated eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome)
Authors: Ralf J. Ludwig, Marcella Grundmann-Kollmann, Wolfgang Holtmeier, Manfred Wolter, Jennifer Glas, Maurizio Podda, Roland Kaufmann, Thomas M. Zollner
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
Points: Review Body awards
Authors: D J Holdstock
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Social class and private referrals Patients opting Total referred for private Social class population referral 1 5 % 9% 2 22-9% 40°% 3 56-6% 440°o 4 12-1% 6°,' 5 3-2°1% N= 694(100%) N= 139(100°o)health insurance schemes.Of 43 domiciliary visits by specialists, 10 (23 %) were carried out in private consultations although only six (14%) patients belonged to a private health insurance scheme.I agree that much more information is required about private practice in this country but I submit that the statistics presented here are rather more "central" than "peripheral."
Examination of abortuses.
Authors: A J Barson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

dence was 1% and 3% in Copenhagen' during 1970-2, 1-4% in London2 in 1977, and <1% in the Helsinki3 area during the period 1972 to 1977, all studies comprising both outpatients and inpatients.At the 1Ith Intemational Congress of Chemotherapy, Boston, in October 1979, P Toivanen and K Dornbusch presented the results of a comparative study of urinary tract pathogens from Stockholm and Turku.In Sweden, where trimethoprim was not used alone, the incidence of resistance during 1977-8 was just under 1 %, unchanged throughout the
Bone Scintigraphy as a Prognostic Factor in Patients With Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma
Authors: HIROAKI HOSHI, SHIGEKI NAGAMACHI, SEISHI JINNOUCHI, TAKASHI OHNISHI, FUTAMI SHIGEMI, KATSUSHI WATANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Bone scintigraphy in 26 patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) was evaluated. Abnormally high accumulations were observed in 7 of 26 patients (skull, 5; vertebra, 1; rib, 6; bony peivis, 1; scapula, 2; lower extremities, 1). Serum calcium levels were significantly elevated in patients with abnormally high accumulations on bone scintigraphy. Survival rates of the patients with positive results on bone scintigraphy were significantly lower than were those with negative results on bone scintigraphy (P < 0.05). Survival rates of patients with high serum calcium levels, high WBC counts, and high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were also significantly lower than were those of the negative groups, in the order of significance. Bone scintigraphy was useful for detecting bone marrow involvement in ATLL and it can be one of the better indicators of the prognoses of patients with ATLL.
How prevalent is aspirin induced asthma?
Authors: A J Knox
Journal: Thorax (2002)

There is still much to be learned about the genetics and pathogenesis of aspirin induced asthma and the role of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in airways diseases.

The bark of the white willow Salix alba has been used in medicine for thousands of years and was described by Hippocrates in 400BC and by Dioscarides, a Greek surgeon to the Roman Army, in AD70. In the 1700s Edward Stone, the vicar of Chipping Norton, wrote that 20 grains of powered willow bark in a dram of water every 4 hours was an excellent cure for “agues”. It was only in 1829 that Leroux discovered that salicin was the active ingredient and in 1859 that Kolbe succeeded in the chemical manufacture of salicylic acid. Felix Hoffmann, a German chemist, added an acetyl group to the molecule in 1897 in an effort to increase its stability and to provide a more effective and safe treatment for his father who was crippled by rheumatism. Aspirin was born. Subsequently, benefits of aspirin have been reported in a …
Abstract 1669: A quantitative real-time RT-PCR gene signature to detect circulating CD34+ cells as a pharmacodynamic biomarker following anti-EGFL7 treatment in preclinical models of efficacy
Authors: Edward E. Kadel, Mahrukh Huseni, David Kan, Rupal Desai, Shang-Fan Yu, Rajiv Raja, Weilan Ye, Priti Hegde
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract EGFL7 is an extracellular matrix protein that is highly expressed in endothelial cells of angiogenic vessels, including embryonic, tumor and injured vasculatures. Inhibition of EGFL7 activity by anti-EGFL7 monoclonal antibodies results in a reduction of tumor microvascular density (MVD) and tumor growth in genetically engineered models of cancer such as RIP-TβAg. Anti-EGFL7 therapy also leads to a decrease of circulating CD34+ cells in tumor-bearing mice. Utilizing in-silico and murine in-vivo analyses, we have identified a gene signature that can specifically monitor circulating CD34+ cell populations by quantitative real-time PCR using volumes as low as 50μl of mouse whole blood. This PCR-based assay shows a limit of quantification of 0.1 cells/μl of murine whole blood. Experiments comparing CD34+ progenitor cell quantification by flow cytometry to qPCR have shown equivalent performance and good correlation. We propose that using this qPCR based approach to evaluate changes in CD34+ cells in mouse blood in response to anti-angiogenesis therapies, including anti-EGFL7, may be an easy and viable alternative to the current flow cytometry-based assays. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1669.
Latex allergy in atopic children
Authors: S A Holme, R S Lever
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

The incidence of positive circulating specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to latex and evidence of clinical latex sensitivity appears to be increasing since its first description in 1979. Although heightened medical awareness may be a factor, exposure to latex products, particularly rubber gloves, has increased since the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Atopic individuals are at greater risk of developing latex sensitivity. We identified seven children with atopic eczema who were known to have clinically significant latex allergy and examined the relationship of prior exposure to latex gloves. All children had significant serum levels of specific IgE to latex. Before developing clinical symptoms of latex allergy, all had been exposed to latex in the form of gloves during either inpatient or outpatient treatments of their skin. Exposure of atopic individuals to latex gloves could be a major risk factor for sensitization and could increase the incidence of serious reactions.
Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate in Man: Biochemical and Clinical Significance
Authors: IRVING H. FOX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The intracellular concentration of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP), a high-energy 1,5-substituted ribose sugar, has been demonstrated to have a critical role in the regulation of purine metabolism in man. Increased intracellular levels of PRPP may be important in the pathogenesis of excessive uric acid production observed in some patients with primary gout, the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and glycogen storage disease type I. In addition, the alteration of intracellular PRPP by several compounds including allopurinol, orotic acid, adenine, 2,6-diaminopurine, methylene blue, and certain trophic hormones may account for some of the effects of these agents.
Associations between Major Depression, Bipolar Disorders, Dysthymia and Cardiovascular Diseases in the General Adult Population
Authors: Bernhard T. Baune, Ina Adrian, Volker Arolt, Klaus Berger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and affective disorders are both very prevalent in the general population. However, it is unclear on a population level if the prevalence of different subtypes of affective disorders like unipolar major depression or dysthymia is different in individuals with specific CVDs. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; In 4,181 participants of the general population, lifetime prevalences for affective disorders were assessed through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cardiovascular diseases by self-report and subsequent physician-verified diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used in the analysis. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Prevalences of unipolar depression, bipolar disorder and dysthymia were significantly higher in participants with coronary heart disease or stroke compared to those without these CVDs. Dysthymia had a stronger (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.21–3.39) association with coronary heart disease than unipolar depression (OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.09–2.30) or any depression (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.37–2.70). In contrast, unipolar depression (OR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.29–3.99) showed a significant OR for the relation with stroke compared to dysthymia that reached no statistical significance. The commonly used category ‘any depression’ revealed higher odds (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.46–4.28) for the relationship with stroke than unipolar depression or dysthymia, but lower odds than bipolar I disorder (OR = 5.71, 95% CI = 1.23–26.66). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Classification into diagnostic subgroups of affective disorders is important for an improved clinical and pathophysiological understanding of their relationship with CVDs. Dysthymia, in particular, plays an important role regarding the relation of affective disorders and CVDs. Future research on biological models may elucidate the pathophysiological link between subtypes of affective disorders and CVDs.
Chronic urticaria: impact of allergic inflammation
Authors: R. Hein
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Urticaria is defined by weals (hives), with or without angioedema, that appear and peak in minutes to hours, usually disappear within 24 h, and are accompanied by pruritus that worsens during the night. Urticaria is caused by cutaneous mast cell degranulation, attributed to immunological, nonimmunological, and idiopathic causes. Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is the diagnosis when the pathophysiological mechanism of persistent urticaria remains unclear; up to half of patients with CIU have functional autoantibodies directed against the high‐affinity receptor for IgE ( Fcε RI) or against IgE itself, which appear to induce mast cell degranulation. Systemic histamine H 1 ‐receptor antagonists, such as desloratadine, are central to the management of CIU. The efficacy and safety of desloratadine, 5 mg once daily, was studied in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multicentre trial that included 190 patients, ages 12 and above, with at least a 6‐week history of CIU and experiencing a flare of at least moderate severity. Desloratadine was superior to placebo in controlling pruritus and total symptoms after the first dose, and its superiority was maintained throughout the full 6 weeks of the study. Measures of sleep, daily activity, therapeutic response, and global CIU status were also significantly improved with desloratadine after the first dose and maintained throughout the study.
Reproducibility of walking test results in chronic obstructive airways disease.
Authors: A J Knox, J F Morrison, M F Muers
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Thirty six patients with chronic airflow obstruction were studied to examine (1) the reproducibility and order effect of repeated walking tests when performed over consecutive days or consecutive weeks; (2) the correlation between walking distance and spirometric measurements; and (3) the effect of static visual clues on performance. In study 1, where 12 patients performed 12 walks over three consecutive days, five minute walking distance increased by 33% between walks 1 and 12, half of the increase occurring after the first three walks. In study 2, where 24 patients performed 12 walks over four consecutive weeks, five minute walking distance increased by 8.5% between walks 1 and 12. A learning effect was seen over the first nine walks. Static visual clues to performance did not affect the distance walked. Spirometric measurements showed no order effect in either study. Although walking distance correlated significantly with FEV1, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow, these measurements were poor predictors of exercise performance. The learning effects seen on repeated performance of walking tests over short intervals should be considered when an individual9s response to treatment is being interpreted. When walking tests are used in clinical trials a placebo group or randomised crossover design is essential.
Abstract 2982: Macrophages modulate adaptive resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy
Authors: Heather J. Dalton, Sunila Pradeep, Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena, Rebecca Previs, Ashley Davis, Rajesha Rupaimoole, Behrouz Zand, Yared Hailemichael, Willem W. Overwijk, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Targeted anti-angiogenic therapies were a highly anticipated addition to cancer treatment, but their clinical use has been tempered by the development of resistance. To understand the role of immune cells in potentially mediating such resistance, we carried out systematic immune cell profiling in a syngeneic ovarian cancer mouse model following treatment with the B20 anti-VEGF antibody. Following injection of luciferase-labeled cancer cells and initiation of treatment, mice (n=8/group) were divided into B20-sensitive and resistant groups based on longitudinal bioluminescence imaging of tumor burden. Immune cell profiling confirmed a dramatic increase in macrophages with emergence of resistance to B20. Using the syngeneic model, resistance to B20 was documented with bioluminescence imaging as an increase in tumor burden in mice with previously stable disease. Zoledronic acid, a macrophage-depleting bisphosphonate, was then added to B20 treatment. Restoration of sensitivity to B20 with the addition of zoledronic acid was demonstrated by a 68% prolongation of survival in this treatment group as compared to those receiving B20 alone (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Zoledronic acid in combination with the VEGF antibody, bevacizumab, significantly reduced both tumor size and nodules when compared to either drug alone in additional orthotopic models of ovarian cancer. CD68 staining confirmed significantly reduced macrophage numbers in tumor samples following treatment with zoledronic acid. In vitro immunofluorescence imaging of macrophages following prolonged exposure to anti-VEGF therapy showed downregulation of VEGF receptors compared to short-term exposure, suggesting a possible mechanism for their persistence in an anti-VEGF resistant microenvironment. Collectively, these data demonstrate a novel role for macrophages in resistance to anti-VEGF therapy and offer a new therapeutic strategy to overcome this problem with important translational implications. Citation Format: Heather J. Dalton, Sunila Pradeep, Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena, Rebecca Previs, Ashley Davis, Rajesha Rupaimoole, Behrouz Zand, Yared Hailemichael, Willem W. Overwijk, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Anil K. Sood. Macrophages modulate adaptive resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2982. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2982
Intestinal endometriosis: an uncommon cause of rectal bleeding
Authors: R. Kwok, F. Moawad, J. Laczek, J. Horwhat
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 43-year-old woman was evaluated for hematochezia. The patient reported monthly episodes lasting 3 days, consisting of lower abdominal cramping and small amounts of bright red blood with every bowel movement. Her history was notable for uterine myomectomy.
Arteriography and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Gordon K. Danielson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Helen C. Redman, MD, (<b>208</b>:868, 1969) reported two cases in which calcification of the superior mesenteric artery was erroneously interpreted on the x-ray film as calcification in an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Redman concluded that "arteriography should be performed on all of these patients to confirm the presence of an aneurysm and also to determine its extent." It is our conviction that abdominal aortic aneurysms can nearly always be identified clinically and that aortography is rarely indicated to define their presence or extent. By careful deep palpation with an index finger on either side of the aorta, the actual width of the aorta can be determined in all but the most muscular or obese patients. A tortuous atherosclerotic aorta usually can be identified by physical examination alone. Similarly, careful examination can prevent one from being misled by extraneous vascular calcifications in other abdominal vessels. In a series
Abnormal Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart in a Patient With Myotonic Dystrophy Detected With I-123 MIBG Cardiac SPECT
Authors: KIKUO MACHIDA, NORINARI HONDA, TOSHIO MAMIYA, TAKU TAKAHASHI, TSUYOSHI KAMANO, AKIO KASHIMADA, YUHSUKE INOUE, MASAO KINOSHITA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Iodine-123 MIBG is a norepinephrine analog which can be used to image the sympathetic innervation of the heart. The authors report a patient with myotonic dystrophy whose I-123 MIBG SPECT revealed accelerated washout of I-123 MIBG from infero-posterior and a part of lateral wall, although TI-201 SPECT showed no abnormal finding. The authors conclude that I-123 MIBG can be more sensitive in detecting the cardiac abnormality than TI-201 SPECT in this disease.
Passive smoking among schoolchildren in Israel.
Authors: A I Goren, S Hellman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A health survey was carried out among 8259 second- and fifth-grade schoolchildren living in three towns along the Israeli coast. The schoolchildren performed the following pulmonary function tests: forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and peak expiratory flow, their parents filled out an American Thoracic Society-National Heart and Lung Institute health questionnaire. The aim of the survey was to study the impact of environmental and home exposures on the prevalence of respiratory conditions and on pulmonary function tests among Israeli schoolchildren. The health effects of exposure to passive smoking are discussed in detail. A trend of a higher frequency of reported respiratory conditions was found among schoolchildren whose fathers or mothers are smokers compared with children whose parents do not smoke. A statistically significant excess between 1.4% (for wheezing without cold) and 4.7% (for cough with cold) was found for children of smoking fathers; the excess for children of smoking mothers was between 1.6% (for wheezing with cold) and 3.6% (for cough with cold) compared with children of nonsmokers. A gradual excess in symptoms was found among children with none, one, and two smoking parents. Relative risks were found to be between 1.13 (for bronchitis) and 1.28 (for wheezing without cold) for children of smoking fathers, and between 1.24 (for asthma) and 1.41 (for cough with sputum) for children of smoking mothers, compared with 1.00 for children of nonsmokers. There was no consistent trend of reduced pulmonary function tests among children of smokers compared with nonsmokers' children.