tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Placental infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: C Baboonian
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Background: The concept that low birth weight infants are more predisposed to coronary artery disease (CAD) in adulthood has been studied extensively. Although many infectious agents have been associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), Chlamydia pneumoniae an organism implicated in CAD has not been investigated. It was our aim to assess whether C. pneumoniae DNA is present in placental tissue and whether its detection is associated with IUGR. Methods: Fifty-nine pregnant women were studied: 32 women had an uncomplicated pregnancy with no antenatal or post-natal evidence of IUGR. Twenty-seven women had pregnancies with ultrasonographically demonstrated IUGR, defined as foetal abdominal circumference measuring less than 2 S.D.s from the mean for gestational age. At the time of delivery, maternal blood and placental tissue samples were obtained. Placental samples were taken from four sites centrally and peripherally on the maternal and foetal side of the placentas and tested by nested polymerase chain reaction for C. pneumoniae DNA. IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae were measured using microimmunfluorescence. Results:C. pneumoniae DNA was detected in 44% of the placental tissue but there was no difference in the prevalence of bacterial DNA between the control and the low birth weight group (P = 0.58). Additionally C. pneumoniae seropositivity did not differ between the index and control groups (78 vs. 70%, P = 0.44). Conclusions:C. pneumoniae is present in placental tissue. Its presence however does not correlate with IUGR. Similarly, maternal C. pneumoniae seropositivity is not related to low birth weight. Thus C. pneumoniae infection is unlikely to play a role in the pathogenesis of IUGR.
The healing of critical-sized femoral segmental bone defects in rabbits using baculovirus-engineered mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Chin-Yu Lin, Yu-Han Chang, Kun-Ju Lin, Tzu-Chen Yen, Ching-Lung Tai, Chi-Yuan Chen, Wen-Hsin Lo, Ing-Tsung Hsiao, Yu-Chen Hu
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
The Unreliability of Tetanus Antitoxin Skin Tests After Injury
Authors: Gilbert G. Eade
Journal: JAMA (1962)

FOR THOSE persons not immunized against tetanus, the usual practice after injury—particularly in those instances when a history pertinent to allergic sensitivity cannot be effectively elicited from patients—is to give a skin test, observe for 20 to 30 minutes, and then give tetanus antitoxin (TAT) as part of the initial treatment. The manifestations of the skin test to tetanus antitoxin depend upon an adequate cutaneous circulation. Without sufficient blood flow no fluid can escape to produce a wheal; despite local vasodilatation no blood is present to cause a flare. The purposes of this study are to show that a normal cutaneous circulation may be absent for prolonged periods after severe trauma, and to indicate that it would be safer to give tetanus antitoxin after resuscitation rather than in the acute phase following severe injuries.  Following severe trauma 40 patients were skin tested both with diluted tetanus antitoxin and with histamine.
HICCUP: THE WINNIPEG EPIDEMICS
Authors: FRED T. CADHAM
Journal: JAMA (1925)

During November and December, 1919, Winnipeg experienced its first epidemic of hiccup, an extensive outbreak of at least 1,000 cases. A further, but smaller, outbreak occurred in 1922. It recurred here in November, 1924, during which epidemic a record of 1,400 cases was obtained. The population of Winnipeg and its suburbs is approximately a quarter of a million. The disease is not notifiable. Many persons, considering it trivial, refrain from seeking medical advice, or obtain such advice over the telephone. Then, too, an age long association of the symptom with alcoholic repletion too often makes the sufferer an object of humor, and he is therefore diffident about complaining. Hence, an estimate of the number of cases, compiled from medical statistics, must fall far short of the actual figure. <h3>EPIDEMIOLOGY</h3> During each epidemic in Winnipeg, all the cases appeared within a period of six weeks. Cases were noted in the surrounding
Tuberculosis Patient Care of the Future
Authors: N. A. Saliba
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  It would appear that Davey's comments are based on his reading of the editorial page and not of our original publication entitled  Future Care of Tuberculosis Patients ( 214 :354, 1970). A reading of that communication would indicate that Davey is basically in agreement with our position and we welcome him and his influence to the ranks of those concerned with the welfare of the patients with tuberculosis. Our position is that our present chest disease hospitals, primarily devoted to tuberculosis, should not be closed and abandoned with a dissolution of their staff until adequate alternate facilities are provided. The alternate facilities we proposed are the establishment of outpatient clinic networks and inpatient facilities in conjunction with our schools of medicine. Surely Davey could not call this inferior treatment and second-class citizenship. Upon the establishment of adequately staffed clinics and inpatient facilities for those requiring inpatient care,
Endocrine Function in Male and Female Homosexuals
Authors: J. A. Loraine, A. A. A. Ismail, D. A. Adamopoulos, G. A. Dove
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Serial assays of hormones and their metabolites are reported in the urine of three male and four female homosexuals. Urinary testosterone levels were abnormally low in the two men who practised exclusive homosexuality and were within the normal range in the third, who had both homosexual and heterosexual relationships. In the women assays were generally performed throughout one menstrual cycle; in three the pattern of hormone excretion was ovulatory in character, while in the fourth evidence for ovulation was equivocal. Levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (L.H.) were raised in the female homosexuals, while those for oestrogens, particularly oestrone, were below the range for normal heterosexual subjects during their reproductive life; readings of follicle-stimulating hormone (F.S.H.) and pregnanediol were normal in three women. The data reported here are in keeping with the view that abnormalities in endocrine function may occur in both male and female homosexuals.
Molecular Mechanisms of Clucocorticoid Resistance/Hypersensitivity: Potential Clinical Implications
Authors: George P. Chrousos, Margaret Castro, Donald Y. M. Leung, Elizabeth Webster, Tomoshige Kino, Christoph Bamberger, Sharon Elliot, Constantine Stratakis, Michael Karl
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

"Molecular Mechanisms of Clucocorticoid Resistance/Hypersensitivity: Potential Clinical Implications." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 154(2_pt_2), pp. S39–S44
Gene Expression Profiling of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes in Simulated Microgravity and Recovery Cultures
Authors: Jade Q. Clement, Shareen M. Lacy, Bobby L. Wilson
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2008)

Abstract Simulated microgravity (SMG) bioreactors and DNA microarray technology are powerful tools to identify “space genes” that play key roles in cellular response to microgravity. We applied these biotechnology tools to investigate SMG and post-SMG recovery effects on human epidermal keratinocytes by exposing cells to SMG for 3, 4, 9, and 10 d using the high aspect ratio vessel bioreactor followed by recovery culturing for 15, 50, and 60 d in normal gravity. As a result, we identified 162 differentially expressed genes, 32 of which were “center genes” that were most consistently affected in the time course experiments. Eleven of the center genes were from the integrated stress response pathways and were coordinately down-regulated. Another seven of the center genes, which are all metallothionein MT-I and MT-II isoforms, were coordinately up-regulated. In addition, HLA-G, a key gene in cellular immune response suppression, was found to be significantly up-regulated during the recovery phase. Overall, more than 80% of the differentially expressed genes from the shorter exposures (≤4 d) recovered in 15 d; for longer (≥9 d) exposures, more than 50 d were needed to recover to the impact level of shorter exposures. The data indicated that shorter SMG exposure duration would lead to quicker and more complete recovery from the microgravity effect.
Methotrexate in Giant-Cell Arteritis
Authors: Juan A. Jover, César Hernández-García, Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters4 December 2001Methotrexate in Giant-Cell ArteritisJuan A. Jover, MD, PhD, César Hernández-García, MD, PhD, and Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez, MD, PhDJuan A. Jover, MD, PhDC/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n; 28040 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this author, César Hernández-García, MD, PhDC/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n; 28040 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this author, and Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez, MD, PhDC/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n; 28040 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-11-200112040-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Morgan and Alarcón comment on the use of folic acid in our study. We chose a preparation (5-mg tablets) that was both commercially available and economical. Since the mean patient age was almost 80 years, we felt that adherence would be better with a daily protocol than with alternate-day regimens.Spiera and colleagues mentioned the clinical importance of our results. While it was clear that combined treatment with methotrexate and prednisone resulted in lower relapse rates and lower doses of prednisone (the major outcomes of our study), we were not able to demonstrate a significant reduction in ...References1. Hernández-Garcia C, Soriano C, Morado C, Ramos P, Fernández-Gutierrez B, Herrero M, et al . Methotrexate treatment in the management of giant cell arteritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1994;23:295-8. [PMID: 7801052] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Kyle V, Hazleman BL. Treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. II. Relation between steroid dose and steroid associated side effects. Ann Rheum Dis. 1989;48:662-6. [PMID: 2782976] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n; 28040 Madrid, Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCombined Treatment of Giant-Cell Arteritis with Methotrexate and Prednisone Juan A. Jover , César Hernández-García , Inmaculada C. Morado , Emilio Vargas , Antonio Bañares , and Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez Methotrexate in Giant-Cell Arteritis Sarah L. Morgan and Graciela S. Alarcón Methotrexate in Giant-Cell Arteritis Robert F. Spiera , Stephen Paget , and Harry Spiera Metrics 4 December 2001Volume 135, Issue 11Page: 1007KeywordsAdverse eventsBlindnessClinical trialsCorticosteroid therapyFolic acidMethotrexatePatientsQuality of life ePublished: 4 December 2001 Issue Published: 4 December 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tobacco and Its Supporters
Authors: Richard H. Fine
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Nov 23/30, 1984, issue ofThe Journaldevoted many articles to the relationship between smoking and health, as well as an editorial by Dr William Pollin<sup>1</sup>from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. We thought it was appropriate to reinforce attention to this issue but are disturbed that the issues were not set in an appropriate social and political context. The medical profession will have only a small influence on the smoking problem as long as the mass media continue to bombard the population with high-tech tobacco advertising. Perhaps even more important is the continued presence of Senator Jesse Helms as chairperson of the Senate Agriculture Committee, which will guarantee federal price support to tobacco growers. The zeal with which the federal government has gone after marijuana and opium poppy growers in this country and elsewhere could be shared with an all-out assault on tobacco
Chemotherapy of Non-tuberculous Pulmonary Infections
Authors: C. H. Stuart-Harris
Journal: BMJ (1959)

PREDNISONE IN INSULIN-RESISTANT DIABETES MBEICALJUAL been given for a short time and then restarted after a long interval of treatment by diet alone.In this connexion it is not very uncommon for manifestations of insulin allergy to be associated with a return to insulin therapy.None of our cases showed such manifestations, but the association between allergy and resistance has been noted on a number of occasions (Berne and Wallerstein, 19O).The reason why greater amounts of antibody are not formed in response to insulin treA.ment may possibly be related to the method of its administration; in no course of prophylactic immunization is antigen given once or more daily over long periods.The restarting of insuLin might well be expected to act as a booster dose, and, on general principles, be more likely to lead to greater antibody production.The results of the P.C.A. and R.D. tests obtained in our cases support the widely held view that there are a number of different causes of insulin resistance.It can be assumed that a serum giving a positive P.C.A. test contains insulin antibodies, whereas the R.D. test is capable of de-tecting several different types of antagonist.In Case 5 the P.C.A. test was negative and the R.D. testpositive, but it is significant that P.C.A. ant.5odies have not been found when the serum contained no demonstrable antagonist.At present prednisone appears to benefit a group of insulin-resistant diabetics whose daily insulin requirement is nearer 1;000 than 200 units and in whom can be found no apparent cause for the resistance.The time interval between the start of insulin treatment and the development of resistance is usually less than a year, and often between three and six months; in our experience all such cases have had demonstrable insulin antibodies.Summary Thirteen cases of insulin-resistant diabetes are presented, six of which have ben treated with prednisone.The anti-insulin factors have been studied, and, the mouse convulsion test and glucose uptake of the rat diaphragm (R.D.) have been used to demonstrate the presence of insulin antagonists; insulin antibodies have been detected by a reversed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (P.C.A.) technique.This P.C.A. test is described, with results obtained in normnal controls and in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant diabetics.Prednisone produced a dramatic fall in insulin requirement in the four cases in which the P.C.A. test was positive, but had the opposite and more usual effect in the two cases in which this test was negative.The suggestion is made that those diabetics in whom insulin restance is associated with demonstrable insulin antibodies possess certain common clinical features.We thank Dr. G.
Placenta Previa of a Succenturiate Lobe
Authors: William T. Van Huysen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THERE does not appear to be a great deal written concerning placenta previa of a succenturiate lobe. Two cases appeared in the course of 1200 deliveries at Waltham Hospital during 1960, and seem worth reporting.Case ReportsCase 1. M.P. (W.H. 60–2923), a 26-year-old primigravida whose estimated date of confinement was July 11, 1960, was admitted to the hospital on June 23, 1960, at 12:10 a.m., reporting a gush of 1 cupful of blood vaginally at 11:00 p.m. on the previous day. There was no pain. Essential findings were a term-sized, irritable, nontender uterus. Abdominal examination showed a vertex presenting . . .
A Case-Control Study to Assess the Relationship between Poverty and Visual Impairment from Cataract in Kenya, the Philippines, and Bangladesh
Authors: Hannah Kuper, Sarah Polack, Cristina Eusebio, Wanjiku Mathenge, Zakia Wadud, Allen Foster
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Background The link between poverty and health is central to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Poverty can be both a cause and consequence of poor health, but there are few epidemiological studies exploring this complex relationship. The aim of this study was to examine the association between visual impairment from cataract and poverty in adults in Kenya, Bangladesh, and the Philippines. Methods and Findings A population-based case–control study was conducted in three countries during 2005–2006. Cases were persons aged 50 y or older and visually impaired due to cataract (visual acuity < 6/24 in the better eye). Controls were persons age- and sex-matched to the case participants with normal vision selected from the same cluster. Household expenditure was assessed through the collection of detailed consumption data, and asset ownership and self-rated wealth were also measured. In total, 596 cases and 535 controls were included in these analyses (Kenya 142 cases, 75 controls; Bangladesh 216 cases, 279 controls; Philippines 238 cases, 180 controls). Case participants were more likely to be in the lowest quartile of per capita expenditure (PCE) compared to controls in Kenya (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval 0.9–5.5), Bangladesh (1.9, 1.1–3.2), and the Philippines (3.1, 1.7–5.7), and there was significant dose–response relationship across quartiles of PCE. These associations persisted after adjustment for self-rated health and social support indicators. A similar pattern was observed for the relationship between cataract visual impairment with asset ownership and self-rated wealth. There was no consistent pattern of association between PCE and level of visual impairment due to cataract, sex, or age among the three countries. Conclusions Our data show that people with visual impairment due to cataract were poorer than those with normal sight in all three low-income countries studied. The MDGs are committed to the eradication of extreme poverty and provision of health care to poor people, and this study highlights the need for increased provision of cataract surgery to poor people, as they are particularly vulnerable to visual impairment from cataract.
Production of supernatural beliefs during Cotard's syndrome, a rare psychotic depression
Authors: David Cohen, Angèle Consoli
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Cotard's syndrome is a psychotic condition that includes delusion of a supernatural nature. Based on insights from recovered patients who were convinced of being immortal, we can (1) distinguish biographical experiences from cultural and evolutionary backgrounds; (2) show that cultural significance dominates biographical experiences; and (3) support Bering's view of a cognitive system dedicated to forming illusory representations of immortality.
Nadolol and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: MICHAEL B. LEVY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1986Nadolol and Hypersensitivity PneumonitisMICHAEL B. LEVY, M.D., JORDAN N. FINK, M.D., PAUL A. GUZZETTA, M.D.MICHAEL B. LEVY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JORDAN N. FINK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL A. GUZZETTA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-806_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Drug-induced pneumonitis associated with respiratory or systemic features has been reported with various agents and often involves hypersensitivity reactions (1-4). We report a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to the beta-blocking agent nadolol.A 41-year-old white woman presented in October 1985 with a 10-month history of progressive dyspnea and pneumonitis. She had been diagnosed 5 years earlier as having migraine headaches. Ergotamine was prescribed but was used excessively, and propranolol was not tolerated due to depression. Nadolol, 40 mg, and then 80 mg/d, was prescribed; the severity and frequency of her headaches decreased.Four months later she...References1. ROSENOW E. The spectrum of drug-induced pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 1972;77:977-91. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SHEFFER A, ROCKLIN R, and GOETZL E. Immunologic components of hypersensitivity to cromolyn sodium. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:1220-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MCCORMICK J, COLE S, LAHIRIR B, KNAUFT F, COHEN S, and YOSHIDA T. Pneumonitis caused by gold salt therapy: evidence for the role of cell-mediated immunity in its pathogenesis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980;122:145-52. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. FINK J. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;74:1-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MUSK A and POLLARD J. Pindolol and pulmonary fibrosis. Br Med J. 1979;2:518-82. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL B. LEVY, M.D.; JORDAN N. FINK, M.D.; PAUL A. GUZZETTA, M.D.Affiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIatrogenia a fármacos no contexto do Aparelho Respiratório 1 November 1986Volume 105, Issue 5Page: 806-807KeywordsDrugsDyspneaHypersensitivityMigrainePneumonitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Informed Consent for Emergency Research-Reply
Authors: Carin M. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the interest our consensus document has generated and welcome the opportunity to address the concerns of Drs Merz and Caplan. As these points illustrate, the problems surrounding informed consent in emergency research are complex. We agree that prior expressions of the desires of patients should be respected. In circumstances in which advance directives are known, these wishes must be followed and would exclude such patients from resuscitation research. However, in most emergency research circumstances, those desires are unknown. The inability to determine the patient's prior wishes, to identify and locate a legally authorized representative, and often even to establish the identity of the critically ill or injured patient all contribute to the difficulty of the problem. We also agree with the suggestion of Merz and Caplan that in some acute circumstances, it may be feasible to obtain prospective informed consent; our recommendations focus on those emergency
The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Hemoglobin Levels and Anemia Screening
Authors: Dale Nordenberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The relationships among cigarette smoking, hemoglobin concentration, and carboxyhemoglobin concentration were examined using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among women, smokers had a mean (+/- SE) hemoglobin level of 137 +/- 0.4 g/L, significantly higher than the mean hemoglobin level of 133 +/- 0.5 g/L for never-smokers. Among men, the mean hemoglobin levels for smokers and never-smokers were 156 +/- 0.4 and 152 +/- 0.5 g/L, respectively. No significant difference in mean hemoglobin was noted between ex-smokers and never-smokers. Mean hemoglobin levels and carboxyhemoglobin levels increased progressively with the number of cigarettes consumed per day. Cigarette smoking seems to cause a generalized upward shift of the hemoglobin distribution curve, which reduces the utility of hemoglobin level to detect anemia. Among women of comparable socioeconomic status, the prevalence of anemia was 4.8% +/- 0.6% among smokers, compared with 8.5% +/- 1.2% among never-smokers. This study suggests that minimum hemoglobin cutoff values should be adjusted for smokers to compensate for the masking effect of smoking on the detection of anemia.