tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Dose of Furosemide in Patients With Azotemia and Suspected Obstruction
Authors: Angela Hunsche, Hejung Press, Andrew Taylor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Diuresis renography is widely used to distinguish obstructed from nonobstructed kidneys; however, the delivery of furosemide to its site of action in the loop of Henle is impaired in patients with azotemia. Consequently, the standard adult dose of 40 mg furosemide could be insufficient to generate an adequate diuretic response. This problem is illustrated by a patient with azotemia with bilateral nephrostomies who underwent Tc-99m MAG3 (mercaptoacetyltriglycine) diuresis renography with 40 mg furosemide to determine if his bilateral ureteral obstruction had resolved. The study showed findings typical for obstruction despite the fact that the patient could not have been obstructed because the nephrostomy tubes had not been clamped. When the study was repeated 6 days later with 80 mg furosemide and clamped nephrostomy tubes, there was good drainage bilaterally excluding obstruction. The nephrostomy tubes were removed and the patient's creatinine has subsequently remained stable for 3 years. In summary, this report illustrates the rationale for increasing the dose of furosemide in patients with azotemia referred for diuresis renography and shows how increasing the dose of furosemide could improve the diuretic response and minimize false-positive or indeterminate results.
MicroRNA and vascular remodelling in acute vascular injury and pulmonary vascular remodelling
Authors: R. A. McDonald, A. Hata, M. R. MacLean, N. W. Morrell, A. H. Baker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Vascular remodelling is an integral pathological process central to a number of cardiovascular diseases. The complex interplay between distinct cell populations in the vessel wall following vascular injury leads to inflammation, cellular dysfunction, pro-growth signals in the smooth muscle cell (SMC) compartment, and the acquisition of a synthetic phenotype. Although the signals for vascular remodelling are diverse in different pathological contexts, SMC proliferation and migration are consistently observed. It is therefore critical to elucidate key mechanisms central to these processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding sequences of RNA that have the capacity to regulate many genes, pathways, and complex biological networks within cells, acting either alone or in concert with one another. In diseases such as cancer and cardiac disease, the role of miRNA in disease pathogenesis has been documented in detail. In contrast, despite a great deal of interest in miRNA, relatively few studies have directly assessed the role of miRNA in vascular remodelling. The potential for modulation of miRNA to achieve therapeutic benefits in this setting is attractive. Here, we focus on the role of miRNA in vascular inflammation and remodelling associated with acute vascular injury (vein graft disease, angioplasty restenosis, and in-stent restenosis) as well as in vascular remodelling associated with the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Comparison of Different Injection Sites of Radionuclide for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ayse Mudun, Yasemin Sanli, Vahit Ozmen, Cuneyt Turkmen, Sevda Ozel, Aylin Eroglu, Abdullah Igci, Ekrem Yavuz, Sitki Tuzlali, Mahmut Muslumanoglu, Sema Cantez
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Background: There are still ongoing controversies about several aspects of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer, including injection site of radioisotope and blue dye. This study aims to evaluate the success rate of different radiocolloid injection techniques in the detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in early breast cancer. Study Design: One hundred ninety-two women with early breast cancer were included. For SLN mapping with lymphoscintigraphy (LSG), 5 different injections were used. Group A (36 patients) had 4 peritumoral (PT), group B (n = 36) had 1 subdermal (SD) injection of Tc-99m rhenium sulfide colloid over the tumor quadrant. Group C (59 patients) had 1 PT and 1 SD combined injections. In group D (56 patients), lymphatic mapping was performed with 2 intradermal periareolar (ID-PA) injections. In group E (n = 41), 2 ID-PA and 1 PT combined injections were performed. Early dynamic and delayed images were obtained. A surgical gamma probe was used to explore the SLNs. Surgical specimens were evaluated histopathologically. The SLN identification rate, false negative rate, and comparison of groups were evaluated by statistical methods. Results: The SLN identification rate by LSG in groups A, B, C, D, and E were 72%; 92%, 93.2%, 98%, and 95%, respectively. The highest detection rates for the axilla (98%) and mammary internal (MI) drainage (22%) were obtained with ID-PA injections and a peritumoral injection, respectively. Seventy of 192 patients (36.4%) had positive axillary lymph nodes. The only statistically significant difference was between the PT and SD injection groups in axillary SLN identification rate by LSG (P = 0.016). Conclusion: The success rate was superior with intradermal periareolar injection compared with PT and SD injection to visualize the axillary SLN. However, PT deep injection combined with ID-PA injections may be more favorable to demonstrate the primary internal mammary (IM) lymphatic drainage.
European drugs agency withdraws antiobesity drug
Authors: A. Sayburn
Journal: BMJ (2008)

To reduce the risk of slip, grip force (GF) control includes a safety margin above the force level ordinarily sufficient for the expected load force (LF) dynamics. The current view is that this safety margin is based on the expected LF dynamics, amounting to a static safety factor like that often used in engineering design. More efficient control could be achieved, however, if the motor system reduces the safety margin when LF variability is low and increases it when this variability is high. Here we show that this is indeed the case by demonstrating that the human motor system sizes the GF safety margin in proportion to an internal estimate of LF variability to maintain a fixed statistical confidence against slip. In contrast to current models of GF control that neglect the variability of LF dynamics, we demonstrate that GF is threefold more sensitive to the SD than the expected value of LF dynamics, in line with the maintenance of a 3-sigma confidence level. We then show that a computational model of GF control that includes a variability-driven safety margin predicts highly asymmetric GF adaptation between increases versus decreases in load. We find clear experimental evidence for this asymmetry and show that it explains previously reported differences in how rapidly GFs and manipulatory forces adapt. This model further predicts bizarre nonmonotonic shapes for GF learning curves, which are faithfully borne out in our experimental data. Our findings establish a new role for environmental variability in the control of action.
Deletion of the AU-Rich RNA Binding Protein Apobec-1 Reduces Intestinal Tumor Burden in <i>Apcmin</i> Mice
Authors: Valerie Blanc, Jeffrey O. Henderson, Rodney D. Newberry, Yan Xie, Soo-Jin Cho, Elizabeth P. Newberry, Susan Kennedy, Deborah C. Rubin, Hanlin L. Wang, Jianyang Luo, Nicholas O. Davidson
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The RNA-specific cytidine deaminase apobec-1 is an AU-rich RNA binding protein that binds the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) mRNA and stabilizes its turnover in vitro. Cox-2 overexpression accompanies intestinal adenoma formation in both humans and mice. Evidence from both genetic deletion studies as well as from pharmacologic inhibition has implicated Cox-2 in the development of intestinal adenomas in experimental animals and in adenomas and colorectal cancer in humans. Here, we show that small intestinal adenoma formation is dramatically reduced in compound Apcmin/+ apobec-1−/− mice when compared with the parental Apcmin/+ strain. This reduced tumor burden was found in association with increased small intestinal apoptosis and reduced proliferation in small intestinal crypt-villus units from compound Apcmin/+ apobec-1−/− mice. Intestinal adenomas from compound Apcmin/+ apobec-1−/− mice showed a &amp;lt;2-fold increase in Cox-2 mRNA abundance and reduced prostaglandin E2 content compared with adenomas from the parental Apcmin/+ strain. In addition, there was reduced expression in adenomas from compound Apcmin/+ apobec-1−/− mice of other mRNAs (including epidermal growth factor receptor, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor δ, prostaglandin receptor EP4, and c-myc), each containing the apobec-1 consensus binding site within their 3′-UTR. Adenovirus-mediated apobec-1 introduction into HCA-7 (colorectal cancer) cells showed a dose-dependent increase in Cox-2 protein and stabilization of endogenous Cox-2 mRNA. These findings suggest that deletion of apobec-1, by modulating expression of AU-rich RNA targets, provides an important mechanism for attenuating a dominant genetic restriction point in intestinal adenoma formation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8565–73]
Abstract 666: Regulation of IGF-1 signaling by lysosomal cathepsins in neuroblastoma
Authors: Mehrnoosh Soori, Donna Cartledge, Lisa Glazewski, Guizhen Lu, Robert W. Mason
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. Despite intensive combination therapies, the survival rate for children diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma remains below 40%, with surviving children suffering from severe side-effects of aggressive surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation. We show that specific inhibition of a group of lysosomal proteases results in accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and eventual apoptosis of neuroblastoma cell lines. Cell death is not caused in breast and prostate cancer cell lines or mouse primary fibroblasts, indicating specificity of the apoptotic response in neuroblastoma. In this study we have examined mechanisms by which inhibition of these proteases can lead to the specific death of these tumors. IGF-1 signaling is essential for cellular proliferation, survival, and apoptotic resistance. We found that in neuroblastoma cells IGF-1 signaling is impaired by inhibition of cathepsins B and L. Western blotting shows that lower molecular weight fragments of the IGF-1 receptor beta subunit accumulate in inhibitor-treated cells, indicating that lysosomal proteases are essential for the complete the degradation of the IGF-1 receptor. Phosphorylation and activation of full-length IGF-1 receptor was not modified by inhibitor treatment, but phosphorylation and activation of MAPK and Akt (downstream effectors of IGF-1 receptor signaling) was greatly diminished. Fractionation of cellular lysates showed that the IGF-1R β fragments accumulate in compartments that contain a cleaved form of LC-3, a marker of autophagic vacuoles. Intermediates of the IGF-1 signaling cascade were also sequestered within these compartments, and significantly depleted in the cytoplasm. We conclude that inhibition of lysosomal proteases results in sequestration of critical components of the cell signaling transduction pathway, causing cell death by uncoupling of cell surface and endosomal signaling from intracellular effector signals. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 666.
One Price of Acrophilia
Authors: Charles S. Houston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Man's view of mountains has varied over the centuries. To the ancient Greeks and many Asiatics, high mountains were the inviolable abode of the gods; Renaissance man feared them as the home of demons. Ruskin praised their beauty from below, and 19th-century alpinists sought peace in walks and climbs among them. The current fevered century regards mountains as challenges to be overcome: courtship of beauty has been replaced by conquest of a foe... and a new "disease" has resulted.In this impatient and highly competitive society it is not surprising that so many climbers hurry to "bag" their peaks. Not . . .
Lupus erythematosus hypertrophicus et profundus
Authors: ARTHUR OTANI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Lupus erythematosus hypertrophicus et profundus Get access ARTHUR OTANI ARTHUR OTANI Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego University Hospital, 225 West Dickinson Street, San Diego, California 92103, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 1, 1 January 1977, Pages 75–78, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb05189.x Published: 01 January 1977
Toxic wastes' health effects? No one has the answers
Authors: Barbara Bolsen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Even a casual newspaper reader or television viewer could not have missed this classic scene at least once last year: A cleanup worker, wearing a respirator and coveralls, points with a gloved hand at a field of rusting metal drums or dips a stick in a pond of oily goo. In a headline or voice-over are the words "toxic wastes." It could be in New Jersey, where 34,000 barrels of explosive wastes blew up and burned, or in Kentucky's Valley of the Drums, where 17,000 barrels' worth of unidentified chemical wastes are slowly seeping into streams that feed the Ohio River, or at any of hundreds of abandoned hazardous waste sites that are regularly featured in news stories. And now, one of the decade's most vexing scientific problems: assessing the health effects of exposure to such toxic wastes. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified almost 9,500 hazardous waste dumps,
Abstract 1936: The increased frequency of ERG oncoprotein expression in high grade prostate cancers in Caucasian American in comparison to African American men.
Authors: Denise Young, James Farrell, Yongmei Chen, Jennifer Cullen, Gyorgy Petrovics, Inger Rosner, David G. McLeod, Shiv Srivastava, Isabell A. Sesterhenn
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction &amp; Objectives: ERG is one of the most commonly over expressed oncogene (50-70%) in prostate cancer (CaP) due to TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion. Prior studies suggested that the fusion is more common in Caucasian American (CA) than in African Americans (AA) men with CaP. Previous studies from our laboratory have also shown that in AA patients the higher grade index tumors were predominantly ERG negative. We sought to quantify the association between race and ERG expression in a cohort of high grade CaP patients. We then examined whether the prevalence of ERG has prognostic significance for CaP disease-specific outcomes. Materials &amp; Methods: The CPDR multi-center national database was queried to identify patients with high grade CaP who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1994 and 2011. Sixty-three AA patients were age-matched with 63 CA patients (n=126). Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect fusion status in representative whole mount prostate specimens using an ERG monoclonal antibody (9FY). Tumors were classified as ERG positive or negative and compared by race. Multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the clinical significance of ERG oncoprotein positivity. Results: The frequency of ERG-positive index tumors in high grade CaP was significantly greater among CA patients compared to AA patients (49% vs.16%, P &amp;lt; .0001) by chi-squared analysis. This observation persisted when all ERG-positive tumor foci were assessed between CA and AA patients (59% vs. 33%, P = .0042). Neither ERG prevalence nor race was predictive of biochemical recurrence in this cohort. Conclusions: This study examined the prevalence of ERG oncoprotein expression in high grade CaP patients stratified by race. ERG expression (predominantly due to TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion) is significantly more common in high grade CaP of CA compared with AA patients. Genetic alterations in high grade CaP in the AA population need to be further determined. This study underscores that typing of prostate tumors for ERG may enhance our understanding of biological differences between ethnic groups. Citation Format: Denise Young, James Farrell, Yongmei Chen, Jennifer Cullen, Gyorgy Petrovics, Inger Rosner, David G. McLeod, Shiv Srivastava, Isabell A. Sesterhenn. The increased frequency of ERG oncoprotein expression in high grade prostate cancers in Caucasian American in comparison to African American men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1936. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1936
Severe Hemorrhage from Esophagogastric Varices
Authors: Louis M. Rousselot, Frank E. Gilbertson, William F. Panke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SURGICAL amelioration of portal hypertension by venous shunt has wide acceptance as the method of choice for eliminating the great hazard of fatal recurrence for those who survive any hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Elective end-to-side direct portacaval shunting procedures over the years 1948 through 1958 for the treatment of this type of bleeding at St. Vincent's Hospital of the City of New York have had a hospital mortality of 15 per cent. There have been no cases of rebleeding from ruptured varices after successful establishment of this shunt when the portal vein was devoid of thrombosis and a satisfactory pressure . . .
Beef allergy: a review of 12 cases
Authors: F. Orhan, B. E. Sekerel
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Although beef allergy has long been considered a rare condition, the number of studies regarding the nature, epidemiology, and symptoms of beef allergy has been increasing. We aimed to describe the results of allergy work‐up of 12 patients who have a convincing history of acute allergic symptoms following beef ingestion. Methods: Detailed histories of 10 children and two adult relatives were obtained and patients underwent skin prick tests with commercial beef extract, raw beef and cooked beef. Serum total and beef‐specific IgE were measured. Labial, and in selected cases, open food challenges were undertaken. Results: Interestingly, the rate of family history of beef allergy was 67% (8/12). Three patients (two with commercial extract, and one with cooked beef) had positive skin test responses to beef. Ten (83%) patients had elevated serum IgE concentrations (median 316.5 kU/l, range 9–1321 kU/l) and the beef‐specific IgE was positive in all patients (median 6.23 kU A /l, range 0.83–36.6 kU A /l). Labial food challenge was positive in four (30%) patients. Of the five patients who underwent open food challenges, three were positive and two tolerated the beef administered. Conclusions: We conclude that skin prick tests do not accurately diagnose IgE‐mediated sensitization to beef. Thus, patients with suspected beef allergy should be screened additionally for beef‐specific IgE antibodies, and in selected cases oral food challenge should be carried out to verify the diagnosis.
Activation of the cardiac interleukin‐6 system in advanced heart failure
Authors: Plenz Gabriele, Song Zhi Fang, Tjan Tonny D.T., Koenig Carsten, Baba Hideo A., Erren Michael, Flesch Markus, Wichter Thomas, Scheld Hans H., Deng Mario C.
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2001)
Incidence and Current Management of Post-Thyroidectomy Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Elton Watkins
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Experience with 8 patients undergoing aortic vascular pedicle transplantation of neonatal parathyroid tissue showed clinical improvement of post-thyroidectomy tetany despite adequate histologic evidence of graft rejection in 2 patients. The rejection of neonatal tissue was due to classical homograft rejection mechanisms. The permanency of postthyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism may he related in part to the suppressive effect of calcium therapy upon residual parathyroid gland remnants. Reduction of calcium therapy following parathyroid gland homotransplantation may allow resumption of function of such remnants.
Evaluation of Zoster Immune Plasma
Authors: Karl E. Groth, Jeffrey McCullough, Stephen C. Marker, Richard J. Howard, Richard L. Simmons, John S. Najarian, Henry H. Balfour
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Zoster immune plasma (ZIP) was evaluated for treatment of cutaneous disseminated zoster in immunocompromised hosts. Twenty patients were studied: 13 were enrolled in a double-blind protocol, five received ZIP under an open protocol, and two were observed without receiving a transfusion. In the double-blind study, eight patients actually received ZIP; five were given plasma lacking varicella-zoster virus antibodies (control plasma). The clinical course of zoster in the group given ZIP was the same as that of patients given control plasma or no transfusions. Because ZIP did not alter the clinical course of zoster and because zoster patients produced high-antibody titers without ZIP, we concluded that ZIP is not useful for treatment of cutaneous disseminated zoster and should be reserved for prevention or modification of varicella in exposed, susceptible immunocompromised patients. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1877-1879, 1978)
A new ECG classification system for myocardial infarction based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and information theory.
Authors: C Abreu-Lima, D M Correia, J Almeida, M Antunes-Lopes, M Cerqueira-Gomes
Journal: Circulation (1983)

An optimized three-lead ECG hierarchial decision-tree type of classification system for myocardial infarction is presented. For selection of the best threshold values for each criterion and the best association of features, we developed a procedure based on "receiver operating characteristic" (ROC) curve data analysis and information theory. Optimization was obtained through maximization of information content of the criteria. The classifier is based on nine measurements that can be easily obtained by hand (QX duration, Q/R Y amplitude, R Y amplitude, Q/R Y duration, Q Z amplitude, QRS and T axes in the horizontal plane, Q Z duration and R Z amplitude) and achieved a satisfactory performance in an independent group of patients (true-positive ratio 0.853, false-positive ratio 0.105, average information content 0.308 bits).
Murine models of inflammation: role of CD23
Authors: Y. Riffo‐Vasquez, S. Pitchford, D. Spina
Journal: Allergy (2000)

The role of IgE in eosinophil recruitment and bronchial hyperresponsiveness has been extensively studied with murine models of inflammation. Many investigators using various knockout models have clearly shown that both IgE‐dependent and ‐independent pathways play a role in eosinophil recruitment and bronchial hyperresponsiveness after allergen challenge, illustrating the complexity of airways inflammation. The expression of this response is likely to involve many interacting pathways, and it will be a considerable challenge to determine key points within these pathways that will yield novel targets for future therapeutic strategies.
Use of an over-the-scope clip for endoscopic sealing of a gastric fistula after sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: M. Conio, S. Blanchi, A. Repici, R. Bastardini, G. Marinari
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Perforation or development of a fistula in the gastrointestinal tract is a serious complication. A gastrocutaneous fistula after sleeve gastrectomy is difficult to treat, with a mortality rate of 85 % following unsuccessful treatment [1]. These fistulas have been successfully managed with endoscopic fibrin sealing [2]. Preliminary experience with the over-the-scope clipping system (Ovesco, Tubingen, Germany) has shown the efficacy of this intervention in the management of severe bleeding and perforations of the gastrointestinal tract [3] [4] [5].