tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BASIC SCIENCE BOARD
Authors: W. C. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Journal, January 18, page 193, is only partly correct when it says the applicants for the issuance of licenses to practice medicine in the District of Columbia, asking exemption from examination because of licenses issued by the State Medical Board of Ohio after examination, are required to pass an examination before the District of Columbia Basic Science Board. Such examinations are made necessary now only by absence of evidence showing that the examinations in anatomy, physiology, chemistry, bacteriology and pathology given by the Ohio State Board of Medical Examiners are as rigid as are the corresponding examinations given by the District of Columbia Basic Science Board. When the State Medical Board of Ohio furnishes satisfactory evidence to show that its examinations are as rigid as the basic science examinations in the District of Columbia, the basic science board of the district can exempt Ohio licentiates
Comparison of PAX6 and PAX8 as Immunohistochemical Markers for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Jin-Ping Lai, Richard B. Mertens, James Mirocha, Jamie Koo, Mariza Venturina, Fai Chung, Allen B. Mendez, Melissa Kahn, Deepti Dhall
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2014)
ACE inhibitors and statins for bone marrow failure following myocardial infarction?
Authors: M POST, J WALTENBERGER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

See article by Thum et al.  [4]  (pages 50–60) in this issue .

Since their initial description a decade ago, endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) have been intensively studied, especially in relation to vascular injury or pathology and their clinical consequences. However, there is no consensus on the precise phenotypic definition of EPCs. Nonetheless, it has been established that these EPCs contribute to neovascularization in a variety of tissues [1] and they may even play a role in tissue regeneration if they transdifferentiate and integrate into functional tissue, for instance myocardium. The latter, however, is highly controversial.

Recruitment of EPCs from the bone marrow appears to be a natural mechanism to restore vascular function or even tissue function. Many acute tissue injuries, including myocardial infarction (MI), lead to a transient rise in circulating EPCs [2]. The functional importance of this rise in EPCs after MI is suggested by a correlation with better prognosis through reduced incidence of cardiac failure or death from cardiac cause. Multiple mechanisms have been described for this presumed interaction between peripheral organs and the bone marrow, mostly involving circulating factors such as VEGF [2] and perhaps CSFs [3]. It is therefore surprising that … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 43 3881200; fax: +31 43 3884166. Email address: m.post{at}fys.unimaas.nl
The L-type calcium channel in the heart: the beat goes on
Authors: I. Bodi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Sydney Ringer would be overwhelmed today by the implications of his simple experiment performed over 120 years ago showing that the heart would not beat in the absence of Ca2+. Fascination with the role of Ca2+ has proliferated into all aspects of our understanding of normal cardiac function and the progression of heart disease, including induction of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and sudden death. This review examines the role of Ca2+ and the L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in cardiac disease.
USE OF ACETANILID IN VARIOUS COMBINATIONS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR MANY PROPRIETARY DRUGS AND MIXTURES.
Authors: LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Those of us who are confused by the claims of the ever-appearing antipyretic analgesics should consider one method by which we can obtain definite knowledge of this special class of drugs. It is better to know one drug well than many partly. For a long time I have not prescribed any new drugs of this class, but have substituted acetanilid in such a combination as seemed desirable for the case. In doing this I have also returned somewhat to the custom of prescribing liquid medicines. Acetanilid is not soluble, but it is readily suspended in syrupy mixtures so that one can write for acetanilid combined with ammonia in any of its forms—salicylic acid, nux vomica, digitalis, codein, creosote, bromid of potash, or indeed almost any drug, and obtain a prescription that can be much more readily adapted to the case than is possible where any of the ready-made combinations are
Is the Elimination of Postoperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Thoracic Surgery Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Juan A. Sanchez
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

M any retrospective series conclude with the admonition that the findings should be corroborated by a well-designed, randomized clinical trial. With regard to the use of antibiotics following thoracic surgery, that study is now available. Oxman and colleagues provide us with a well-conducted, randomized study suggesting that routinely extending antimicrobial prophylaxis into the postoperative period is of no value in preventing infectious complications following thoracic surgery involving tube thoracostomy. Contemporary perioperative guidelines reflect the growing awareness that, for many operations, exposure to antibiotics postoperatively may be ineffective and increases the risk of adverse events. Procedures involving drainage of sterile body cavities such as the pleural space, however, appear to be qualitatively different. The idea of allowing foreign materials to communicate with the outside world unprotected by systemic antibiotics, particularly in the early postoperative period, provokes at least some anxiety among surgeons. These findings may reduce this anxiety and arguably expose the false solace of postoperative prophylaxis, at least in routine, elective cases involving chest tubes. Although the results are compelling, it is important to note that their study, conducted at a single institution, may not reflect real-world processes of care where preoperative prophylaxis is not consistently timely and antibiotic choice is not always appropriate, especially in areas of the world not exposed to value-based payment strategies such as the Surgical Care Improvement Project in the United States. In addition, the reader will take note of the short median time to chest tube removal and the short median length of hospital stay in comparison with those in published data from large data sets. Perhaps it is meticulous aerostasis during surgery and prompt chest tube removal that make postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis irrelevant. If so, the findings in this study by Oxman and colleagues may not be immediately generalizable as long as real-world measures continue to fall short of those best practices exemplified by their study.
Ocular Trauma in Major-League Baseball Players
Authors: Bruce M. Zagelbaum, Peter S. Hersh, Eric D. Donnenfeld, Henry D. Perry, Michael A. Hochman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The incidence of sports-related ocular injuries treated in hospital emergency departments continues to rise,13 and baseball accounted for the greatest number of sports-related eye injuries in the United States in 19914. Although most injuries occur in beginners and amateurs, professionals also sustain serious eye injuries. We investigated the incidence of ocular injuries in a prospective study of major-league baseball players.MethodsWe conducted a one-year prospective study of ocular injuries among professional baseball players from July 1991 to July 1992. There were a total of 775 team-games (with each major-league team's participation in a single game counted as . . .
A CASE OF LOSS OF BLOOD FROM THE RECTUM DUE TO MUCO-MEMBRANOUS ENTERO-COLITIS, AND TWO OF LEUKEMIA.
Authors: H. A. HARE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The first patient is a man of 23 who is somewhat thin and anemic, and whose face shows the signs of mental depression and lack of nervous energy. His history is, that he was in perfect health until about two years ago, when he was suddenly seized with a severe hemorrhage from the bowels, the blood being quite bright in color. He tells us, however, that he has had no diarrhea at any time, but on the contrary suffers from obstinate constipation. There is nothing in his history which points clearly to the cause of these bloody movements, which have continued from time to time, generally once or twice a week ever since he was first taken ill. The frequent loss of blood has resulted in general debility and anemia. He tells us that an examination of his passages not only reveals blood but a large amount of mucus which
Quantitative assessment of overall inflammatory bowel disease activity using labelled leucocytes: a direct comparison between indium-111 and technetium-99m HMPAO methods.
Authors: J C Mansfield, M H Giaffer, W B Tindale, C D Holdsworth
Journal: Gut (1995)

The ideal imaging method in inflammatory bowel disease would reliably detect inflammation, identify the correct intestinal location, and assess the severity of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare scintigraphic methods of quantifying overall disease activity using both indium-111 (111In) and technetium-99M (99mTc) HMPAO labelled leucocyte scans. The four day faecal excretion of 111In was measured after 111In scintigraphy in 24 patients known to have inflammatory bowel disease. The same patients also underwent 99mTc HMPAO scanning. The scans were performed 10 days or less apart with no changes in treatment between scans. Bowel activity on the 99mTc HMPAO scans was assessed using a computer based method (scan score) and a visual grading method in a further 54 99mTc HMPAO. The results showed a close correlation between inflammatory activity defined by faecal 111In excretion and the scan score generated from the computer analysis of the 99mTc HMPAO image (Spearman rank correlation: rs = 0.78; p &lt; 0.001). Accurate information to localise inflammatory activity could be obtained by simple visual assessment of both types of scan images, although image quality was superior with 99mTc HMPAO. Qualification of disease activity from 99mTc HMPAO images by visual grading was associated with a large variability, only 69% of scans had similar scores when graded by three observers. Computer generated image analysis was more reproducible. In conclusion, in inflammatory bowel disease 99mTc HMPAO scintigraphy and faecal 111In excretion correlated well. Either method can quantify and localise the inflammation. As 99mTc HMPAO scanning provides a quicker result, with a lower radiation dose, and avoids faecal collection, it may be the preferred method.
Shopping for books
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficient BMP2 gene transfer and bone formation of mesenchymal stem cells by a fiber-mutant adenoviral vector
Authors: Hajime Tsuda, Takuro Wada, Yoshinori Ito, Hiroaki Uchida, Hironari Dehari, Kiminori Nakamura, Katsunori Sasaki, Masayoshi Kobune, Toshihiko Yamashita, Hirofumi Hamada
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Strategies using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated gene therapy have been developed to improve bone healing. However, transduction efficiency into MSCs by each vector is not always high. To overcome this problem, we used a modified adenoviral vector (Adv-F/RGD) with an RGD-containing peptide in the HI loop of the fiber knob domain of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5). Transduction efficiency into bone marrow-derived MSCs with Adv-F/RGD increased 12-fold compared with a vector containing the wild-type fiber (Adv-F/wt) by beta-galactosidase chemiluminescent assay. As a next step, we constructed AxCAhBMP2-F/RGD and AxCAhBMP2-F/wt carrying human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). At the same multiplicity of infection, MSCs infected with AxCAhBMP2-F/RGD produced higher amounts of BMP2 than cells infected with AxCAhBMP2-F/wt, and also differentiated towards the osteogenic lineage more efficiently in vitro. Furthermore, using ex vivo gene transduction, we evaluated the potential for ectopic bone formation by the transduced MSCs in vivo. Transduction with AxCAhBMP2-F/RGD exhibited greatly enhanced new bone formation. These data suggest that Adv-F/RGD is useful for introducing foreign genes into MSCs and that it will be a powerful gene therapy tool for bone regeneration and other tissue engineering.
VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIA BURSTS FOLLOWING PRIMARY PCI FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: CORRELATIONS WITH CMRI OF MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION AND FINAL INFARCT SIZE
Authors: Kirian van der Weg, Sebastiaan C.A.M. Bekkers, Jan Tijssen, Cindy Green, Mitchell Krucoff, Anton P.M. Gorgels
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Heightened Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Lungs of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Deepti Malhotra, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Neeraj Vij, Ana Navas-Acien, Thomas Sussan, Salim Merali, Li Zhang, Steven G. Kelsen, Allen Myers, Robert Wise, Rubin Tuder, Shyam Biswal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an important regulator of lung antioxidant defenses, declines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, Nrf2 also regulates the proteasome system that degrades damaged and misfolded proteins. Because accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis, Nrf2 may potentially prevent ER stress-mediated apoptosis in COPD.To determine whether Nrf2-regulated proteasome function affects ER stress-mediated apoptosis in COPD.We assessed the expression of Nrf2, Nrf2-dependent proteasomal subunits, proteasomal activity, markers of ER stress, and apoptosis in emphysematous lungs of mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) as well as peripheral lung tissues from normal control subjects and patients with COPD.Compared with wild-type mice, emphysematous lungs of CS-exposed Nrf2-deficient mice exhibited markedly lower proteasomal activity and elevated markers of ER stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, compared with normal control subjects, lungs of patients with mild and advanced COPD showed a marked decrease in the expression of Nrf2-regulated proteasomal subunits and total proteasomal activity. However, they were associated with greater levels of ER stress and apoptosis markers. In vitro studies have demonstrated that enhancing proteasomal activity in Beas2B cells either by sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2, or overexpression of Nrf2-regulated proteasomal subunit PSMB6, significantly inhibited cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced ER stress and cell death.Impaired Nrf2 signaling causes significant decline in proteasomal activity and heightens ER stress response in lungs of patients with COPD and CS-exposed mice. Accordingly, pharmacological approaches that augment Nrf2 activity may protect against COPD progression by both up-regulating antioxidant defenses and relieving ER stress.
Improvements in Door-to-Balloon Time in the United States, 2005 to 2010
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, Jeph Herrin, Lauren E. Miller, Elizabeth E. Drye, Shari M. Ling, Lein F. Han, Michael T. Rapp, Elizabeth H. Bradley, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Wato Nsa, Dale W. Bratzler, Jeptha P. Curtis
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Registry studies have suggested improvements in door-to-balloon times, but a national assessment of the trends in door-to-balloon times is lacking. Moreover, we do not know whether improvements in door-to-balloon times were shared equally among patient and hospital groups. Methods and Results— This analysis includes all patients reported by hospitals to the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services for inclusion in the time to percutaneous coronary intervention (acute myocardial infarction-8) inpatient measure from January 1, 2005, through September 30, 2010. For each calendar year, we summarized the characteristics of patients reported for the measure, including the number and percentage in each group, the median time to primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and the percentage with time to primary percutaneous coronary intervention within 75 minutes and within 90 minutes. Door-to-balloon time declined from a median of 96 minutes in the year ending December 31, 2005, to a median of 64 minutes in the 3 quarters ending September 30, 2010. There were corresponding increases in the percentage of patients who had times &lt;90 minutes (44.2% to 91.4%) and &lt;75 minutes (27.3% to 70.4%). The declines in median times were greatest among groups that had the highest median times during the first period: patients &gt;75 years of age (median decline, 38 minutes), women (35 minutes), and blacks (42 minutes). Conclusion— National progress has been achieved in the timeliness of treatment of patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Hepatocytes can induce death of contacted cells via perforin-dependent mechanism
Authors: Clifford S. Guy, Sherri L. Rankin, Jinguo Wang, Tomasz I. Michalak
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The liver displays unique immunological properties including the ability to remove aberrant cells and pathogens and to induce peripheral immunotolerance. We have previously demonstrated that hepatocytes can cause cell death by a CD95 ligand–mediated mechanism. Here, we provide evidence that hepatocytes can kill other cells via a perforin-dependent pathway. Using cultured woodchuck hepatocytes and human liver cells as well as freshly isolated woodchuck, mouse, and human hepatocytes, we show that hepatocyte-mediated death of CD95-deficient target cells requires microtubule polymerization, a feature of the granule exocytosis–mediated cytotoxicity. Neutralizing anti-perforin antibodies and short-hairpin RNA directed against perforin messenger RNA confirmed the involvement of perforin in hepatocyte-mediated cell killing. Conclusion: This study shows that hepatocytes express biologically competent perforin capable of killing susceptible cells and emphasizes the role of hepatocytes as cytotoxic effectors. This also is the first demonstration of perforin in a non-lymphoid cell type.
A Medical History of the Olympic Games
Authors: Allan J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The Olympic Games, both ancient and modern, have been the cynosure for the development of sports throughout the world. It is only natural that in the circumstances surrounding the Games contemporary medical theory and practice relating to sports should be characteristically reflected. The role of the physician as medical supervisor of the athletes, and even as a competitor himself, engages our interest as an indication of the historical involvement of the medical profession with sports. The medical problems encountered in training and competition and the preventive measures and treatment recommended offer significant insights into the development of medical research and practice. <h3>Training for the Ancient Games</h3> The tradition of sports and games originated with the Greeks at least five centuries before the first Olympic Games in 776 BC.<sup>1(pp32-34)</sup>Homer describes the events which were held at the funeral of Patroclus during the siege of Troy in the 23rd book
803 ADIPONECTIN EXPRESSED IN LIVER DIRECTLY IMPROVES NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) BY WAY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATION AND ANTI-OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: H. Nakayama, T. Ueno, S. Otabe, A. Nakamura, X. Yuan, T. Fukutani, H. Iwamoto, T. Nakamura, T. Torimura, M. Sata, K. Yamada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Hewan Archdale Dewar
Authors: H. Dewar, A. Brewis
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hewan Archdale Dewar is likely to be remembered chiefly as a pioneer of fibrinolysis. His interest began in 1961 with the publication of a pilot study of fibrinolytic treatment of coronary thrombosis and ended with a report on the effect of exercise and heart rate on fibrinolytic activity in 1993 (some 12 years after his retirement from the NHS). His work features prominently in a witness seminar published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine, where key references may be found.1 The original pilot study in 1961 was followed two years later by an account, with four collaborators, of 75 cases. The negative result of this was applauded as an example of how such a trial should be conducted, but Dewar knew that it had serious flaws. The material used was thought to consist largely of streptokinase but in fact was mostly composed of plasmin, which was so rapidly neutralised in the bloodstream as to be useless for dissolving coronary thrombi. It was also given too late after onset. 

During these 32 years, members of his staff and several junior colleagues working in department contributed widely under his guidance. In 1968 Dewar started to take an interest in the possible fibrinolytic properties of garlic and promoted attempts to develop chemical derivatives of garlic that were free of the odour but retained the fibrinolytic potential. He was disappointed to find that they were inseparable. In 1968 he collaborated with M Verstraete of Leuven in a multicentre trial, comparing heparin and streptokinase in recent myocardial infarction. Like many other trials mounted at that time, the result was negative partly because there were too few cases, but mostly because they were not treated early enough. Nevertheless Dewar was confident that fibrinolysis had a future in the treatment of acute …
Peer Review: Impact of a System Based on Billing Claims
Authors: Charles R. Buck, Kerr L. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract To determine whether adjustment of billing claims made by a peer-review mechanism affects subsequent practice patterns, we examined the records of the San Joaquin Foundation for Medical Care for services rendered Medi-Cal patients. For 13 of 15 procedures studied (six types of injections, six types of physician visits and three laboratory tests), a statistically significant relation was found between the percentage of billing claims adjusted by the peer-review process and subsequent changes in practice patterns as measured by decreases in the rate of change in the monthly number (i.e., the regression-line slopes) of these services claimed. The magnitude and consistency of these relations, however, were not uniform for all procedures, indicating a need for ongoing monitoring of the review process to allocate review resources effectively. (N Engl J Med 291: 877–883, 1974)
Impact of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Performance Reporting on Cardiac Resuscitation Centers
Authors: Mary Ann Peberdy, Michael W. Donnino, Clifton W. Callaway, J. Michael DiMaio, Romergryko G. Geocadin, Chris A. Ghaemmaghami, Alice K. Jacobs, Karl B. Kern, Jerrold H. Levy, Mark S. Link, Venu Menon, Joseph P. Ornato, Duane S. Pinto, Jeremy Sugarman, Demetris Yannopoulos, T. Bruce Ferguson
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The American Heart