tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of dyadic junctional complexes between sarcoplasmic reticulum and plasmalemma in rabbit left ventricular myocardial cells. Morphometric analysis.
Authors: E Page, J L Buecker
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Dyadic junctional couplings between cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and plasma membrane presumably are implicated in release of Ca2+ from terminal cisterns of SR during excitation-contraction coupling. We measured the areas of SR and plasma membrane involved in such couplings in late embryonic and neonatal rabbit left ventricles during a developmental period characterized by rapid cell growth and rapid accumulation of myofibrils. By morphometric methods previously applied to adult hearts, it could be shown that from the inception of the nascent T-system the surface density of dyadic couplings at T-tubular plasmalemma exceeds by about four-fold that at the external plasmalemmal envelope. Before the development of a T-system (similar to or approximately 10 days after birth) surface density of dyads, as well as total dyad areas per unit cell volume and per unit myofibrillar volume, increase progressively during embryonic life until they approach constancy at near adult values one day after birth. Constancy of total dyadic membrane area per unit myofibrillar volume during neonatal cell growth confirms that the membrane area of the activating system and the volume of myofibrils to be activated accumulate in a constant proportion.
Early Liver Transplantation for Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Philippe Mathurin, Christophe Moreno, Didier Samuel, Jérôme Dumortier, Julia Salleron, François Durand, Hélène Castel, Alain Duhamel, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Vincent Leroy, Sébastien Dharancy, Alexandre Louvet, Emmanuel Boleslawski, Valerio Lucidi, Thierry Gustot, Claire Francoz, Christian Letoublon, Denis Castaing, Jacques Belghiti, Vincent Donckier, François-René Pruvot, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 6-month abstinence from alcohol is usually required before patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis are considered for liver transplantation. Patients whose hepatitis is not responding to medical therapy have a 6-month survival rate of approximately 30%. Since most alcoholic hepatitis deaths occur within 2 months, early liver transplantation is attractive but controversial.We selected patients from seven centers for early liver transplantation. The patients had no prior episodes of alcoholic hepatitis and had scores of 0.45 or higher according to the Lille model (which calculates scores ranging from 0 to 1, with a score ≥ 0.45 indicating nonresponse to medical therapy and an increased risk of death in the absence of transplantation) or rapid worsening of liver function despite medical therapy. Selected patients also had supportive family members, no severe coexisting conditions, and a commitment to alcohol abstinence. Survival was compared between patients who underwent early liver transplantation and matched patients who did not.In all, 26 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis at high risk of death (median Lille score, 0.88) were selected and placed on the list for a liver transplant within a median of 13 days after nonresponse to medical therapy. Fewer than 2% of patients admitted for an episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis were selected. The centers used 2.9% of available grafts for this indication. The cumulative 6-month survival rate (±SE) was higher among patients who received early transplantation than among those who did not (77 ± 8% vs. 23 ± 8%, P<0.001). This benefit of early transplantation was maintained through 2 years of follow-up (hazard ratio, 6.08; P = 0.004). Three patients resumed drinking alcohol: one at 720 days, one at 740 days, and one at 1140 days after transplantation.Early liver transplantation can improve survival in patients with a first episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical therapy. (Funded by Société Nationale Française de Gastroentérologie.).
Sensory Communication; Contributions to the Symposium on Principles of Sensory Communication, July 19-Aug. 1, 1959, Endicott House, M.I.T
Authors: F. T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The preface remarks about the uneven quality of recently published interdisciplinary symposia. The present volume is among the best works of this sort. The 42 participants were from the fields of engineering, electrophysiology, neurophysiology, and psychology. Their purpose was to present, from their various angles, the research that is being done on the activity of human sense organs and the corresponding activity within the brain.  The resulting 38 chapters abundantly illustrate the truly appalling complexities of this field of endeavor. The fineness of the requisite methods of experimentation is illustrated in the chapter by de Vries and Stuiver on the absolute sensitivity of the sense of smell, in which it is shown that the threshold for one human olfactory cell is at most 8 molecules for some odorous substances. Similar technical niceties are exemplified in the chapter by Roeder and Treat on the responses of the tympanic organ of the
Abstract 1647: Evaluation of breast cancer susceptibility loci in Chinese women from Singapore
Authors: Maurice Chan, Shen Mo Ji, Chiew Suan Liaw, Yoon Sim Yap, Hai Yang Law, Chui Sheun Yoon, Chow Yin Wong, Kong Wee Ong, Preetha Madhukumar, Nan Soon Wong, Raymond Ng, Wei Sean Yong, Hui Hua Li, Puay Hoon Tan, Gay Hui Ho, Peter Ang, Ann SG Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several breast cancer susceptibility loci associated with European populations, some of which were also found to be associated with breast cancer among women in China. Women in Singapore are predominantly of Chinese ancestry with an urbanized lifestyle, with breast cancer rates approaching those of the West. To explore the role of these breast cancer susceptibility variants, a Taqman-based microfluidics strategy was established to carry out fast track replication of 22 SNPs for 1,146 cases and 1,534 controls to identify significant risk variants for breast cancer. Interestingly, the most significant SNP [rs2046210; odds ratio (OR), 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.6; P=7x10−6], residing in 6q25.1, had been initially identified in a Chinese population, suggesting a strong and consistent association of this SNP with Chinese ancestry. SNPs in FGFR2 (rs2981579, rs1219648, rs2981582, rs112000014), 8q24 (rs13281615), and MAP3K1 (rs16886165) showed significant associations similar to those observed in women of European ancestry, with ORs ranging from 1.1 to 1.7 (P=5x10−5 to 0.04). Ranking of the SNPs in terms of their ORs for Singaporean Chinese women was compared to that from Western and Chinese studies. The ranking for Singaporean Chinese women resembled, but was not identical to, that of women in China, reflecting the effect of ethnicity. Comprehensive annotation of the genotyping data with associated clinicopathological features enabled the identification of significant SNPs associated with tumour size, lymph node metastasis, and estrogen/progesterone receptor status. Findings from this study implicate 6q25.1 and FGFR2 as the most important susceptibility loci for Asian women of Chinese ancestry and may guide future fine-mapping studies to identify causal variants. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1647. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1647
13 A 12-WEEK INTERFERON-FREE REGIMEN OF ABT-450/R, ABT-072, AND RIBAVIRIN WAS WELL TOLERATED AND ACHIEVED SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN 91% TREATMENT-NAIVE HCV IL28B-CC GENOTYPE-1-INFECTED SUBJECTS
Authors: E. Lawitz, F. Poordad, K.V. Kowdley, D. Jensen, D.E. Cohen, S. Siggelkow, K. Wikstrom, L. Larsen, R.M. Menon, T. Podsadecki, B. Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Hypercalcemia and Hypertension
Authors: Donald J. Sherrard
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure is clear, concise, and timely (237:255,1977). There is an important point not mentioned in the article, however. This point is demonstrated in the article immediately following by Blum et al (Reversible Hypertension Caused by Hypercalcemia of Hyperparathyroidism, Vitamin D Toxicity, and Calcium Infusion, 237:262, 1977). I personally have seen several such persons, including one patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and another with excessive ingestion of calcium carbonate. The latter patient had encephalopathy and blood pressure in the malignant range. These patients achieved normal blood pressure with control of the hypercalcemia.  Therefore, in our program, we now insist on obtaining a serum calcium measurement prior to initiating antihypertensive therapy. This is not merely a diagnostic necessity. The usual initial therapy with thiazides will worsen hypercalcemia and produce more problems than benefits.  Calcium measurements
Prospective Predictors of Suicidal Behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder at 6-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Paul H. Soloff, Laurel Chiappetta
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

Objective: Recurrent suicidal behavior is a defining characteristic of borderline personality disorder. Although most patients achieve remission of suicidal behavior over time, as many as 10% die by suicide, raising the question of whether there is a high-risk suicidal subtype. The authors conducted a longitudinal study of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder patients to identify prospective predictors of suicide attempts and to characterize those patients at highest risk for suicide completion. Method: Demographic and diagnostic characteristics and clinical and psychosocial risk factors assessed at baseline were examined for predictive association with medically significant suicide attempts using Cox proportional hazards models. The authors defined prospective predictors for participants who completed 6 or more years in the study and compared the data to those of earlier intervals. Results: Among 90 participants, 25 (27.8%) made at least one suicide attempt in the interval, and most attempts occurred in the first 2 years. The risk of suicide attempt was increased by low socioeconomic status, poor psychosocial adjustment, family history of suicide, previous psychiatric hospitalization, and absence of any outpatient treatment before the attempt. Higher global functioning scores at baseline decreased this risk. Conclusions: Risk factors predictive of suicide attempt change over time. Acute stressors such as major depressive disorder were predictive only in the short term (12 months), while poor psychosocial functioning had persistent and long-term effects on suicide risk. Half of borderline patients have poor psychosocial outcomes despite symptomatic improvement. A social and vocational rehabilitation model of treatment is needed to decrease suicide risk and optimize long-term outcomes.
NHS settles claim of patients treated with LSD
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The NHS has agreed to pay a total of £195000 ($279 000; €319000) in an out of court settlement to 43 former psychiatric patients who were treated with the hallucinogenic drug lysergide (LSD) between 1950 and 1970.

The patients were treated for illnesses including severe depression, schizophrenia, and postnatal depression at a few hospitals where the drug was thought at the time to be of therapeutic …
Evolutionary History of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus Family ERV9
Authors: Javier Costas, Horacio Naveira
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Several distinct families of endogenous retrovirus-like elements (ERVs) exist in the genomes of primates. Despite the important evolutionary consequences that carrying these intragenomic parasites may have for their hosts, our knowledge about their evolution is still scarce. A matter of particular interest is whether evolution of ERVs occurs via a master lineage or through several lineages coexisting over long periods of time. In this work, the paleogenomic approach has been applied to the study of the evolution of ERV9, one of the human endogenous retrovirus families mobilized during primate evolution. By searching the GenBank database with the first 676 bp of the ERV9 long terminal repeat, we identified 156 different element insertions into the human genome. These elements were grouped into 14 subfamilies based on several characteristic nucleotide differences. The age of each subfamily was roughly estimated based on the average sequence divergence of its members from the subfamily consensus sequence. Determination of the sequential order of diagnostic substitutions led to the identification of four distinct lineages, which retained their capacity of transposition over extended periods of evolution. Strong evidence for mosaic evolution of some of these lineages is presented. Taken altogether, the available data indicate that the possibility of ERV9 still being active in the human lineage can not be discarded.
Is preputioplasty effective and acceptable?
Authors: N J Barber, B Chappell, P G Carter, J P Britton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Foreskin complaints in childhood, if not manageable conservatively, are usually treated by circumcision. A less radical surgical option, when balanitis xerotica obliterans is absent, is preputioplasty. We sent questionnaires to the parents of 23 boys who had had this procedure and 22 replied. Mean interval since operation was 20 months (range 3-36). The main indications for surgery had been irretractable foreskin in 9, recurrent balanoposthitis in 10 and ballooning on voiding in 3 and the operation had dealt successfully with these in 7, 7, and 3, respectively. In all but one case the parents were satisfied with the cosmetic result. However, in 8 cases (36%) the parents said they would have preferred circumcision and 3 of the boys had been listed for further surgery.
Remarks on THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DIVERTICULITIS
Authors: K. W. Monsarrat
Journal: BMJ (1928)

THE figuires for the distributioni of diverticula in the colon have been given by Dr. Spriggs in 158 cases, as follows: pelvic colon 116, descending colon 76, ascending colon 30, transverse colon 31, whole colon 23, caecum 7. Of these 158 cases 12 per cent.lhad an inflammatory process associated with the diverticula-in other words, diverticulitis.From the p)oint of view of the surgeon the followving two questions are iml)ortant: (1) In what proportion of cases is diverticulosis conifined to the iliac and pelvic coloni?(2) In diverticulitis is the condition restricted as a rule to one limited section of the bowel, or does it usually involve a considerable lenigth of the colon simultaneously?I puit these questions lately to Mr. Marxer of Ruthin Castle, and he has answered as follows:"In the last 100 consecutive cases of diverticulosis 16 had pro- ceeded to diverticulitis at one or more points.In only 3 cases were the hypertrophic changes confinied to the iliac and pelvic colon exclusively.In 11 of the 16 cases of diverticulitis the disease in the pelvic and iliac colon was associated with diverticulosis in other parts.In 8 of the cases less than 6 inches of bowel was hypertrophied; in the other 8 there was either more than 6 inches affected or more than one area."These facts have a bearing on the operative treatment, more particularly on the question of resection, which I shall discuss later.In the cases of acute inflammatory colitis originating in diverticula a very long length of the bowel is usually infiltrated.As a preliminary to the discussion of treatment it is necessarv to distinguish the different clinical conditions which have their beginnings in diverticulitis, the acute and the chronic, and the sequtelae or complications.These may be defined as follows:1. Acute diverticulitis.2. Chronic diverticulitis.3. Acute peiforative diverticulitis. 4. Chronic perforative diverticulitis.5. Diverticulitis withl stenosis.I have seen in all 18 cases suffering from the disease.My experience agrees with that of those who find it comparatively uncommon amoong the industrial classes- only six of my cases were seen in hospital.The cases may be tabuilated as follows:Divertictlitis (18 Cases). Type.Treatment.Result.Acute without complica-1.None tion-2 cases 2. Caecostomy D.Chronicwithout complica-1.None tion-2 cases 2. Fixation and wrapping C. Acute perforation; general 1. Diverticulum excise C. peritonitis-4 cases and drainage 2. Diverticulum excised O.and drainage 3. Drainage C. 4. Drainage D. Chronic perforation with 1. Drainage C. Four weeks.abscess-6 cases 2
RESUSCITATION BY THE INTRACARDIAC INJECTION OF EPINEPHRIN
Authors: JULIUS GOTTESMAN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Instances of recovery, after failure of the heart action, by the injection of epinephrin into the heart are sufficiently rare to justify the report of a case in which this occurred: <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> S. K., a man, aged 73, with generalized arteriosclerosis, was admitted to the hospital, June 26, 1921, complaining of severe pain in the right leg due to trophic changes. The patient was in fairly good condition for his age, although there was marked emphysema of the lungs, and emaciation. The heart sounds were distant and of poor quality. The arteries of the extremities were tortuous and much thickened. There was marked atrophy of the muscles of the right lower extremity. Neither the dorsalis pedis nor the popliteal arteries could be felt. The Wassermann blood test was negative. The urine contained a trace of albumin, but no casts. The blood analysis revealed the urea nitrogen as 12.2.
Assessment of left ventricular relaxation by Doppler echocardiography. Comparison of isovolumic relaxation time and transmitral flow velocities with time constant of isovolumic relaxation.
Authors: Y Myreng, O A Smiseth
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and events of early transmitral flow measured by Doppler echocardiography were validated against the time constant of left ventricular relaxation (tau) in open-chest dogs. During increased inotropy (by isoproterenol infusion) at constant preload, enhancement of relaxation was indicated by a decrease in tau from 48 +/- 12 (mean +/- SD) to 33 +/- 5 msec (p = 0.04) with a concomitant decrease in IVRT from 74 +/- 18 to 38 +/- 8 msec (p = 0.03). During decreased inotropy (by propranolol infusion) at constant preload, slowing of relaxation was indicated by an increase in tau from 40 +/- 8 to 51 +/- 13 msec (p = 0.02) with a concomitant increase in IVRT from 71 +/- 15 to 83 +/- 21 msec (p less than 0.05). A significant correlation between changes in tau and changes in IVRT was found (r = 0.66, p less than 0.001). In contrast, when left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was increased from 7 +/- 2 to 24 +/- 4 mm Hg at constant inotropy, tau increased from 47 +/- 14 to 64 +/- 25 msec (p = 0.03), whereas no change in IVRT was observed (76 +/- 19 and 71 +/- 19 msec, respectively). Aortic pressure was not significantly changed during any intervention, and heart rate was kept constant by pacing. Peak early transmitral velocity was unchanged by propranolol but increased during isoproterenol and saline infusion (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of Gluten-free diet on recurrent aphthous ulceration
Authors: D.M. Walker, A.E. Dolby, J. Mead, J. Llewellyn, J. Rhodes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Ferguson et al. (1976) found that eight out of thirty-three patients presenting with recurrent aphthous ulceration (R.A.U.) had jejunal mucosal features of coeliac disease; their oral ulceration remitted on a gluten-free diet. We have studied eighteen consecutive R.A.U. patients using standard haematological and biochemical parameters of malabsorption, including a xylose tolerance test. Twelve of the patients consented to a jejunal biopsy, following which they were placed on a gluten-free diet for 3 months. They maintained a daily record of the number of oral ulcers and a daily entry for the pain experienced on a visual analogue chart.
Hydroxyapatite in the Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: K. L. Warton, J. Blomfield
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Submandibular saliva collected from cystic fibrosis patients and control subjects was separated by centrifugation into an insoluble deposit and a clear supernatant. The resulting calcium and phosphorus analyses performed on both fractions warranted a closer investigation as a consistent Ca/P molar ratio of 1·5 was found in the deposit of the cystic fibrosis patients, while no consistent ratio &gt;1·0 was found in the deposit of the control subjects. The expected result, that calcium and phosphorus in the deposit of cystic fibrosis patients is present as the solid phase of hydroxyapatite, was confirmed by a detailed comparison of <i>x</i>-ray powder diffraction patterns of an ashed sample of this deposit and a similarly treated synthetic sample of hydroxyapatite.
Peptic ulcer and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Authors: J M Duggan, A J Dobson, H Johnson, P Fahey
Journal: Gut (1986)

Aspirin is generally regarded as a cause of gastric ulcer but the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and paracetamol in the aetiology of peptic ulcer is unclear. To investigate this we conducted a case control study of 180 matched pairs of peptic ulcer patients and controls obtained from surgical and dermatology outpatient clinics. There were 95 gastric ulcer and 85 duodenal ulcer patients. A statistically and clinically association (relative risk = 5) was found between the regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and gastric ulcer. There was also evidence of positive associations between gastric ulcer and aspirin containing preparations with or without non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. By contrast, duodenal ulcer was unrelated to these drugs. Too few patients used paracetamol for any conclusion to be drawn on its role.
Micropuncture studies of the sweat formation in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Irene J. Schulz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

In order to determine whether the precursor solution of sweat is abnormal in cystic fibrosis, osmolality and concentrations of sodium and chloride were measured in fluid obtained by micropuncture from the sweat gland coil of the nail fold of patients with this disease. Osmolality was 323±4.8 SE (mOsm/kg of water), sodium concentration was 151±1.1 SE (mEq/liter), and chloride concentration was 124±6.0 SE (mEq/liter). The sweat:plasma ratio for osmolality averaged 1.1±0.015 SE. These values are not significantly different from the corresponding ones obtained previously in normal individuals. It is concluded therefore that the disturbance of sweat gland function as far as electrolytes are concerned is restricted to the excretory ducts.
Factor VIII inhibitors: A clinical overview
Authors: Gilbert C. White, Campbell W. McMillan, Philip M. Blatt, Harold R. Roberts
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract There is much evidence to indicate that inhibitors to Factor VIII in patients with classical hemophilia are the result of an immunological response to exposure to material (VIII:C or VIII:CAg) that is absent or present in reduced amounts in these patients. The inhibitor is an antibody that is usually restricted in immunochemical composition and in many instances contains predominantly or exclusively γG3 or γG4 heavy chains. Exposure to Factor VIII in many inhibitor patients leads to typical anamnestic responses with marked increases in the level of the inhibitor. The tendency to develop inhibitors and the clinical characteristics of the inhibitor may be affected by genetic factors, basal levels of Factor VIII:C and/or VIII:CAg, and the nature and amount of the “immunizing” material. Currently accepted therapeutic modalities are aimed primarily at the management of acute bleeding episodes.