tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary biliary cirrhosis after long-term practolol administration.
Authors: P J Brown, M Lesna, A N Hamlyn, C O Record
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Clostridium tetani, however, have been found in up to 40%/o of samples of human faeces.'Another of our patients developed postoperative tetanus, which was attributed to self-contamination, after removal of a tumour of the buttock.Since rubber-band ligation of haemorrhoids produces an avascular area, and since this is in contact with a potential source of Cl tetani, the tetanus in this case may reasonably be attributed the operation.Certainly the time relationship fits in with the incubation period of tetanus.
Commentary: what interventions work for victims of conflict related rape?
Authors: C. Woodhead, S. Wessely
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Recent reports from the Democratic Republic of Congo highlight the ongoing use of rape as a weapon of war and illustrate how the effects of rape may extend beyond the individual.1 2 War rape is defined as “a deliberate and strategic decision on the part of combatants to intimidate and destroy ‘the enemy’ as a whole by raping and enslaving women who are identified as members of the opposition group.”3 Rape is a sinister tool used to inflict terror and control for a range of political objectives. These include establishing territorial ownership, damaging community cohesion and morale,4 5 ethnic cleansing, and genocide (for example in Rwanda6 and Bosnia-Herzegovina).7 8

Rape has both acute and long term physical and psychological effects on the individual. Psychological responses to trauma in the immediate and longer term include feelings of powerlessness, worthlessness, and self disgust, as well as depression, suicidal thoughts, post traumatic stress disorder, sexual dysfunction, social phobia, and recurrent feelings of shame.8 9 10 Destroyed relationships and enforced, unwanted pregnancies cause further distress and …
The Adipose-Cell Hypothesis
Authors: Jules Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

I recently heard an undocumented but probably accurate estimate: two million clients visit Weight Watcher meetings each week! The only other commercial ventures that seem to inspire similar enthusiasm are roadside restaurants serving between-meal, high-calorie snacks. Although Americans are becoming increasingly weight conscious, there is little evidence that the incidence of obesity is slacking off. Every imaginable type of therapy has been suggested and tried, but there is as yet no reason to believe that one or another type of behavior modification or nutritional counseling can provide a reasonable expectation of long-term weight reduction. Indeed, for the most extreme cases . . .
Impact of essential fatty acid deficiency on hepatic sterol metabolism in rats
Authors: E Levy
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The major aim of the current investigation was to define whether essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency modifies the intrahepatic metabolism and biliary output of sterols in rats. EFA-deficient diet caused an impoverishment in linoleic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids, and a marked enrichment in the eicosatrienoic acid of the plasma, liver, and hepatic microsomes. During a short term of biliary drainage, a significant decline of the pool size of biliary sterols was noted in EFA-deficient rats compared with control rats. To assess the biosynthesis of biliary components, the common bile duct was cannulated and the pool size depleted (24 hours). Subsequently, a 6-hour bile collection disclosed a significant decrease (nmoles/min/g liver) in bile acids (4.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 8.4 +/- 0.7, P < .005), cholesterol (0.26 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.34 +/- 0.02, P < .05), and phospholipids (1.49 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.82 +/- 0.32, P < .005) in EFA-deficient rats compared with controls (n = 6/group). When cholesterogenesis was measured by the incorporation of [14C]acetate and 3H20 into cholesterol, using liver slices, it was also found to be significantly (P < .001) reduced in EFA-deficient rats. The activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, was consistently lower (80 percent, P < .001) in EFA-deficient rats. In parallel experiments, the direct measurement of microsomal acyl-Co A: cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT) showed a decrease averaging 52 percent (P < .001). This is in striking contrast to the elevated activity (157 percent, P < .005) of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis. Current experiments also suggest that the enzyme regulation involving phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is modified by EFA deficiency. Among the structural alterations observed in the morphology of hepatocytes in EFA-deficient rats, the lumen of bile canaliculi was reduced in size. These results underline the importance of EFA in the major mechanisms involved in the maintenance of hepatocyte sterol balance.
Can semipermeable membranes coating materials influence in vivo performance for paliperidone tri-layer ascending release osmotic pump tablet: In vitro evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Guangjing Li, Yongjun Wang, Hongming Chen, Donglei Leng, Panqin Ma, Yanjie Dong, Lifang Gao, Zhonggui He
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

One purpose of this study was to develop a paliperidone (PAL) tri-layer ascending release push–pull osmotic pump (TA-PPOP) tablet which could meet the needs of clinical applications. And another purpose was to investigate whether different coating materials influenced in vivo performance of TA-PPOP. The ascending release mechanism of this tri-layer delivery system on theory was elaborated. TA-PPOP was prepared by means of coating with cellulose acetate (CA) or ethyl cellulose (EC). Several important influence factors such as different core tablet compositions and different coating solution ingredients involved in the formulation procedure were investigated. The optimization of formulation and process was conducted by comparing different in vitro release behaviors of PAL. In vitro dissolution studies indicated that both the two formulations of different coating materials were able to deliver PAL at an ascending release rate during the whole 24 h test. The in vivo pharmacokinetics study showed that both self-made PPOP tablets with different coating had a good in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) and were bioequivalent with the brand product, which demonstrated no significant influence of the coating materials on the in vivo release acceleration of TA-PPOP.
Reply to Tomasz Drewa and Piotr Chlosta's Letter to the Editor re: Hervé Baumert, Mehrak Hekmati, Irene Dunia, et al. Laparoscopy in Ureteral Engineering: A Feasibility Study. Eur Urol 2008;54:1154–63
Authors: Hervé Baumert, Bernard Malavaud
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Primary cortisol resistance in man. A glucocorticoid receptor-mediated disease.
Authors: G P Chrousos, A Vingerhoeds, D Brandon, C Eil, M Pugeat, M DeVroede, D L Loriaux, M B Lipsett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

We have studied a man suspected of having primary cortisol resistance on the basis of high 24-h mean plasma cortisol levels (27.4 micrograms/dl) and no stigmata of Cushing's syndrome. His son had slightly elevated 24-h mean plasma cortisol levels (9.9 micrograms/dl; normal 7.52 micrograms/dl). Both had high plasma protein unbound cortisol and increased urinary free cortisol. Plasma ACTH concentration was high, and both were resistant to adrenal suppression by dexamethasone. The father appeared to have mineralocorticoid excess resulting in hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. This was found to be due to markedly elevated plasma levels of deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone. The son, who was normotensive, had mildly increased plasma corticosterone and normal deoxycorticosterone levels. To study the apparent end-organ resistance to cortisol, we examined the glucocorticoid receptor in the white cells and fibroblasts of these patients. In both tissues, using both whole cell and cytosol assays, the glucocorticoid receptor was found to have reduced affinity for dexamethasone. In the cytoxol assays, a reduced receptor number was found as well. We conclude that cortisol resistance is a rare familial syndrome owing to an abnormal glucocorticoid receptor with a decreased affinity for cortisol.
Home-Based Exercise and Hip Fracture Rehabilitation—Reply
Authors: Nancy K. Latham, Jonathan F. Bean, Alan M. Jette
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Salmeterol Xinafoate in Asthma
Authors: Janet M. Oxford
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Bone<sup>1</sup>highlighted some important points regarding the indicated uses of salmeterol xinafoate, a new long-acting inhaled bronchodilator. This selective β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor agonist is intended for use twice daily as a maintenance therapy and, based on a relatively slower onset of action than short-acting β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor agonists, should not be used for the treatment of acute asthma symptoms. However, we feel Dr Bone's comments concerning the potential for accumulation and toxicity need clarification. Following the treatment of asthma patients for 2 to 10 months with 42 μg of salmeterol xinafoate twice daily, a single inhaled dose of 42 μg resulted in detectable plasma levels within 5 to 10 minutes and very low peak plasma concentrations (150 pg/mL), consistent with the low systemic exposure expected from an inhaled drug.<sup>2</sup>Plasma concentrations determined 12 hours after dosing were close to or below the limit of
Gastroesophageal Postemetic Lacerations as a Source of Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (the Mallory–Weiss Syndrome)
Authors: Philip Glotzer, Kurt Elias
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE importance of postemetic gastroesophageal lacerations as a source of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding was first pointed out by Mallory and Weiss1 in 1929. Their autopsy studies emphasized the pathology and indicated the basis for the rationale of proper surgical therapy.Characteristically, the lesion consists of one or more longitudinal tears of the mucosa and submucosa of the cardia, reaching and often crossing the gastroesophageal junction. These tears involve large vessels and thus can cause massive bleeding. The hemorrhage follows vomiting or retching, and usually occurs in alcoholic patients. Alcoholism, however, is not a requisite precursor of such lacerations. Mallory . . .
Points: Time for action on hepatitis B immunisation
Authors: S. Polakoff
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Dr Norman D Noah (16 May, p 1270) rightly draws attention to the comparatively limited information available on compulsory childhood immunisation and its impact in eastern European countries.He specifically mentions Czechoslovakia, a country which I recently visited as a medical geographer with a specific interest in vaccination uptake and the epidemiology of infectious disease.In Czechoslovakia virtual eradication ofmeasles seems to have been attained by a combination of compulsory childhood immunisation and the measures which Dr Noah commends: administrative methods, health education, and service delivery.Though immunisa-
Diminished neuropeptide Y and dopamine -hydroxylase immunoreactivity in a guinea pig model of left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: S. Love, C. Nyquist-Battie, D. A DiMaggio, J. M Farah, B. M Chronwall
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Diminished neuropeptide Y and dopamine β-hydroxylase immunoreactivity in a guinea pig model of left ventricular hypertrophy Get access Sandra Love, Sandra Love University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA – School of Pharmacy: S Love; School of Biological Sciences: C Nyquist-Battie, B M Chronwall; Department of Pharmacology, St Louis University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA: D A DiMaggio; Searle Research and Development Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO, USA: J M Farah. Correspondence to Dr Nyquist-Battie. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cynthia Nyquist-Battie, Cynthia Nyquist-Battie University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA – School of Pharmacy: S Love; School of Biological Sciences: C Nyquist-Battie, B M Chronwall; Department of Pharmacology, St Louis University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA: D A DiMaggio; Searle Research and Development Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO, USA: J M Farah. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Debora A DiMaggio, Debora A DiMaggio University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA – School of Pharmacy: S Love; School of Biological Sciences: C Nyquist-Battie, B M Chronwall; Department of Pharmacology, St Louis University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA: D A DiMaggio; Searle Research and Development Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO, USA: J M Farah. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John M Farah, Jr., John M Farah, Jr. University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA – School of Pharmacy: S Love; School of Biological Sciences: C Nyquist-Battie, B M Chronwall; Department of Pharmacology, St Louis University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA: D A DiMaggio; Searle Research and Development Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO, USA: J M Farah. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bibie M Chronwall Bibie M Chronwall University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA – School of Pharmacy: S Love; School of Biological Sciences: C Nyquist-Battie, B M Chronwall; Department of Pharmacology, St Louis University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA: D A DiMaggio; Searle Research and Development Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO, USA: J M Farah. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1993, Pages 494–499, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.3.494 Published: 01 March 1993 Article history Received: 26 May 1992 Accepted: 21 September 1992 Published: 01 March 1993
The BMJ report on mortality cuts in hospitals put into special measures in 2013 is misleading
Authors: M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The report on the Dr Foster analysis of mortality in hospitals put under special measures is misleading.1 The widely quoted figures are of a 9.5% reduction in mortality in the 11 trusts put into special measures (“Keogh” hospitals) compared with 3.3% nationally.2 The “national” figure is derived from 11 randomly chosen trusts selected with replacement 1000 times. Presumably this …
Barium Sulfate Granuloma of the Rectum
Authors: George F. Lull
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Barium sulfate granuloma of the rectum, a sequela of direct trauma to the rectal mucosa in the course of a barium sulfate enema examination, is a benign, usually asymptomatic lesion that must not be confused with carcinoma. This case confirms previous reports that barium sulfate crystals are inert and remain radiographically demonstrable in tissue for long periods of time. The paucity of reports of this lesion suggests that trauma to the rectal mucosa incident to barium sulfate enema studies is uncommon.
Apical Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: D. Owen, T. F. Hewer, P. H. Whitaker
Journal: BMJ (1938)

_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA diarrhoea; the diarrhoea could be shown to have expiatory value.As well as satisfying an unrecognized need for restitution, the diarrhoea was observed to be used as an expression of hate.Alexander reports his findings with a reserve as to the general validity of his observations.Whether this same deep pattern applies to ulcerative colitis is unknown at the present stage; if so, a com- parative study of spastic and ulcerative colitis should reveal an even more intense conflict situation and strong masochistic components in the latter.The riddle of the aetiology of ulcerative colitis is still far from being solved.The psychological background described is not necessarily the cause of the obscure disorder, but is certainly an important aetiological factor in this severe organic disease.Many problems in relation to the physical and psychological aspects of the disorder await discovery.Summary 1.A series of forty unselected patients suffering from ulcerative colitis was submitted to psychological examination.In thirty-seven of the forty patients studied the colitis was antedated by psychological abnormalities or definite psychological disorders well beyond the range of the normal.2. No uniform personality type could be established.Among the various psychopathological structures observed, obsessionals and hysterics were prominent.3. The emotional factor as precipitating onset, relapses, and individual attacks of ulcerative colitis was examined in relation to the personality affected.4. These findings appear to justify an attempt at psycho- therapy for selected early cases of ulcerative colitis.This investigation has been conducted during the tenure of a Fellowship endowed by the Sir Halley Stewart Trust, to whom I am grateful for the opportunity.The access to cases has been arranged through Dr. E. R.
A semiautomatic inter-aliasing distance method for quantifying aortic regurgitation using digital color Doppler M-mode computation: in vivo study in a chronic animal model
Authors: Xiaokui Li, Michael Jones, Xiang-Ning Li, Arthur D. Zetts, Gordon K. Mack, Ikuo Hashimoto, Yoshiki Mori, Crispin H. Davies, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The Pathogenesis of Cystinuria. II. Polarographic Studies of the Metabolism of Sulphur-Containing Amino-Acids
Authors: C. E. Dent, B. Senior, J. M. Walshe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

All stones removed surgically were shown to be of cystine on analysis. CystinuricUrine, M&g./min.540.0 4
Future Trends in Allergy and Immunology
Authors: Richard D. deShazo
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THIS EDITION of the Primer has been prepared during a time of great change in American medicine. The scientific progress that has facilitated the improved therapies for allergic, inflammatory, and immunodeficiency diseases detailed in these pages continues at a rapid pace—so rapid that practicing physicians and basic scientists struggle to keep up. At the same time, diminished federal support and the movement toward managed health care has limited the resources previously used by academic health centers to support research and education. Many fear that loss of this support will disable the conjoint process of medical education and biomedical research that has generated many of these improved therapies. How our national ambivalence over what is valued and supported in American medicine will ultimately resolve is unclear. It is clear that the allocation of support for research and education in our evolving health care system will affect not only future trends in
US journal in row over sponsored supplement
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The American Journal of Cardiology is at the centre of a publication ethics row after publishing a supplement sponsored by the drug company Pfizer funded for $55 800 (£29 900; €43 700). The supplement contained recommendations for screening that were not only of dubious clinical worth but would have had huge financial implications for the US health budget.

Pfizer manufactures the cholesterol treatment atorvastatin (Lipitor). The supplement suggested screening asymptomatic older US men and women for evidence of coronary artery calcium, using computed axial tomography scans, and carotid intima media thickness and plaque using ultrasonography ( BMJ 2006;333: 168, 22 Jul).

The US …
Unconventional therapies in asthma: an overview
Authors: G. T. Lewith, A. D. Watkins
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Acupuncture, homoeopathy, mind-body therapies, and nutritional, herbal, and environmental medicine have all been used in the management of patients with asthma. This paper reviews the evidence base for the use of these unconventional or complementary therapies. Although there is a paucity of large randomized, controlled trials in this area, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that many of these therapies can produce objective and subjective benefit in selected groups of patients. In view of the increasing popularity of complementary medicine among patients and general practitioners, there is now an urgent need for high-quality research to determine how, or whether, these therapies may be interwoven with the more orthodox treatments currently available.
Book Review Smolin and Thoft's the Cornea: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Practice Fourth edition. Edited by C. Stephen Foster, Dimitri T. Azar, and Claes H. Dohlman. 1323 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2005. $269. 0-7817-4206-4
Authors: Anthony J. Bron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Renal Function after Reduction in Cadmium Exposure: An 8-Year Follow-up of Residents in Cadmium-Polluted Areas
Authors: Yihuai Liang, Lijian Lei, Johan Nilsson, Huiqi Li, Monica Nordberg, Alfred Bernard, Gunnar F. Nordberg, Ingvar A. Bergdahl, Taiyi Jin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Long-term exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes renal dysfunction, but the change in renal function with exposure is unknown. We assessed the evolution of Cd-induced renal effects after a reduction in dietary exposure to Cd in rice.Four hundred twelve residents in previously Cd-polluted and nonpolluted areas were examined twice, in 1998 and in 2006. Changes in blood Cd, urinary Cd, and kidney function [N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), β2-microglobulin, and albumin in urine] were measured.In the most polluted area, mean blood Cd was 8.9 μg/L and 3.3 μg/L in 1998 and in 2006, respectively, and urinary Cd was 11.6 and 9.0 μg/g creatinine. Urinary albumin in 1998 increased with urinary Cd, but no such exposure-response relation appeared for 2006 albumin versus urinary Cd 1998, indicating recovery. Other biomarkers of kidney function were also elevated in 1998. Partial recovery was observed for NAG among women and was suggested for β2-microglobulin among young individuals. The probability of having β2-microglobulin levels above the 95th percentile in 2006 was high in those with elevated β2-microglobulin in 1998 [odds ratio (OR) = 24.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.2, 55.3] compared with albumin (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 7.5) and NAG (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.6, 4.4).Results suggest that a Cd-mediated increase in urinary albumin excretion is reversible upon substantial reduction of exposure. For markers of tubular effects, we observed a tendency toward improvement but not complete recovery. Data from repeated observations suggest that β2-microglobulin may be more informative than NAG as an indicator for an individual's future tubular function.