tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The endoplasmic reticulum stress response chaperone Gp96, a host receptor for Crohn disease-associated adherent-invasive<i>Escherichia coli</i>
Authors: Nathalie Rolhion, Paul Hofman, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Ileal lesions of Crohn disease (CD) patients are abnormally colonized by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) producing outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contribute to the bacterial invasion process. In addition, endoplasmic stress was recently reported to have a key role in CD patients after the discovery, in CD patients, of several single nucleotide polymorphisms within gene encoding key component of the ER stress response and of increased expression of ER-localised stress response proteins. We recently demonstrated that the ER-stress response chaperone Gp96 is strongly expressed on the apical surface of ileal epithelial cells in CD patients and acts as a host cell receptor for OMVs, promoting AIEC invasion. In this addendum, we provide a synopsis on current data concerning AIEC virulence, summarize our recent findings and also discuss, in more detail, unresolved issues and the potential implications of our findings.
Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Can Be Used to Quantify Intramyocardial Blood Volume
Authors: Clarence C. Wu, Marc D. Feldman, James D. Mills, Christine A. Manaugh, David Fischer, M. Zubair Jafar, Flordeliza S. Villanueva
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Changes in intramyocardial blood volume (IBV) mediate autoregulatory adaptations to coronary stenosis. This study investigated whether (1) myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can quantify changes in IBV during coronary stenosis and (2) the relation between coronary resistance– and MCE-derived IBV could yield insight into structural mechanisms of IBV change. Methods and Results A circulating in vitro model with constant flow and varying volume was used to determine whether indicator dilution theory could be applied to MCE. Contrast echo was performed with albumin microbubbles, and time-intensity data were fit to a gamma-variate function. With six different volumes, bubble transit time was linearly related to volume ( r =.91). To determine whether changes in IBV could be quantified in vivo, the left anterior descending coronary artery in 12 dogs was instrumented with a flow probe, occluder, and intracoronary pressure catheter, and non–flow-limiting stenoses were created. IBV was derived by use of coronary resistance measurements applied to models that assumed autoregulation to occur via vasodilatation or microvascular recruitment. MCE-IBV was calculated from microbubble transit rates. At constant flow, MCE and resistance IBV increased with stenosis. Although MCE and resistance IBV were linearly related, MCE overestimated IBV derived from the vasodilatation model and underestimated IBV calculated from the recruitment model. Conclusions MCE can quantify autoregulatory increases in IBV that maintain resting myocardial perfusion. These data suggest that both microvessel vasodilatation and recruitment are dual mechanisms of IBV change. MCE thus may be a clinically useful technique for the detection and quantification of coronary artery disease at rest.
Perinatal lung function and invasive antenatal procedures
Authors: B. Yuksel, A. Greenough, S. Naik, P. Cheeseman, K. H. Nicolaides
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Second trimester amniocentesis has been associated with an excess of perinatal lung function abnormalities. Early amniocentesis might have a similar adverse effect, as could other invasive investigations carried out in the first trimester. METHODS: Plethysmographic measurements of thoracic gas volume (TGV) and airway resistance (Raw), from which specific conductance (sGaw) was calculated, were made in the perinatal period in non-sedated infants. In addition, functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured using a helium gas dilution technique. Measurements were made in 47 infants whose mothers had undergone early amniocentesis, 19 whose mothers had undergone chorion villus sampling, and 25 controls whose mothers had undergone no invasive antenatal procedures. RESULTS: The infants of mothers who had undergone early amniocentesis had higher TGV (95% CI -6.3 to 1.1 ml/kg) and Raw values (95% CI -10.68 to -5.23 cm H2O/l/s) and lower sGaw (0.11 to 0.84 l/cm H2O.s) and FRC (-5.17 to - 0.87 ml/kg) values than the controls. Infants whose mothers had undergone chorion villus sampling also differed significantly from the controls with higher Raw (-7.59 to -1.99 cm H2O/l/s) and lower sGaw values (0.11 to 0.24 l/cm H2O.s), and had lower Raw values than those in the early amniocentesis group (not significant). Logistic regression analysis, taking into account possible risk factors for abnormal lung function, showed that the procedures performed in the first trimester were independently associated with a high airways resistance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that invasive procedures performed in the first trimester of pregnancy have an adverse effect on perinatal lung function.
Net costs from three perspectives of using low versus high osmolality contrast medium in diagnostic angiocardiography
Authors: Neil R. Powe, Amy J. Davidoff, Richard D. Moore, Jeffrey A. Brinker, Gerard F. Anderson, Marc R. Litt, Ramana Gopalan, Sandra L. Graziano, Earl P. Steinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Current Status of the Hereditary Human Gamma Globulin (Gm) Groups.
Authors: E. C. Franklin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Current Status of the Hereditary Human Gamma Globulin (Gm) Groups.E. C. Franklin, M.D.E. C. Franklin, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-687_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAntibodies in man and other species are associated with a group of proteins closely related structurally and functionally and collectively known as the immune globulins. Most of them fall in the 7S gamma globulin fraction with a molecular weight of 160,000. Some are thought to belong to the γ1A(β2A) globulins of similar size, and an ever increasing number of antibodies and biologically active substances such as the rheumatoid factor and properdin are found in the 19S gamma globulin (γ1m, β2m) fraction which has a molecular weight of about a million and is richer in carbohydrates. In addition to their... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 687-687KeywordsAntibodiesCarbohydratesFallsGlobulinsProteins Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Inhaled Corticosteroids and Likelihood of Cataract Extraction
Authors: Earl A. Frantz
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE CONCEPTION OF HOMOSEXUALITY
Authors: A. A. BRILL
Journal: JAMA (1913)

¡Mr.I!., aged 05, came under observation in May, 1012, for an opinion us to the character of a lesion of the lower lip which was first noticed about six months previously as a small lumpon the vermilion border which soon became irri- tated and broke down, probably from mechanical insult.Examination disclosed a Hat ulcération occupying the middle third of the vermilion border, in the center of which was a projecting mass about the size of a large pea.The edges of the ulcer were neither elevated nor indurated, and showed practically a normal epithelial covering without thickening; on palpation the growth was felt to lie deeply within (he body of the lip, being as apparent on the mucous as on the skin surface with definite protrusion on each surface.A group of nodules was felt in the Hubmental region.Although tlie superficial evidences of epithelioma were absent, the age of the patient, the location of the lesion and the presence of enlarged lymph-nodes in the siibmental region led to a diagnosis of epithelioma, and a radical operation was Urged.Microscopic examination revealed not the expelled epithelioma, however, but a small round-cell sarcoma.Neither the skin nor the mucosa was involved except, as a result of ulcération, The projecting mass was composed only of blood and detritus.The growth occupied the body of the lip, infil- trating the muscular and fibrous structures as shown in 4.
Uroguanylin knockout mice have increased blood pressure and impaired natriuretic response to enteral NaCl load
Authors: John N. Lorenz, Michelle Nieman, Jenine Sabo, L. Philip Sanford, Jennifer A. Hawkins, Noeet Elitsur, Lara R. Gawenis, Lane L. Clarke, Mitchell B. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Guanylin and uroguanylin, peptides synthesized in the intestine and kidney, have been postulated to have both paracrine and endocrine functions, forming a potential enteric-renal link to coordinate salt ingestion with natriuresis. To explore the in vivo role of uroguanylin in the regulation of sodium excretion, we created gene-targeted mice in which uroguanylin gene expression had been ablated. Northern and Western analysis confirmed the absence of uroguanylin message and protein in knockout mice, and cGMP levels were decreased in the mucosa of the small intestine. Ussing chamber analysis of jejunum revealed that Na+/H+ exchanger–mediated Na+ absorption and tissue conductance was not altered in the knockout animals, but short-circuit current, an index of electrogenic anion secretion, was reduced. Renal clearance measurements showed that uroguanylin deficiency results in impaired ability to excrete an enteral load of NaCl, primarily due to an inappropriate increase in renal Na+ reabsorption. Finally, telemetric recordings of blood pressure demonstrated increased mean arterial pressure in uroguanylin knockout animals that was independent of the level of dietary salt intake. Together, these findings establish a role for uroguanylin in an enteric-renal communication axis as well as a fundamental principle of this axis in the maintenance of salt homeostasis in vivo.
Encoding of Luminance and Contrast by Linear and Nonlinear Synapses in the Retina
Authors: Benjamin Odermatt, Anton Nikolaev, Leon Lagnado
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Understanding how neural circuits transmit information is technically challenging because the neural code is contained in the activity of large numbers of neurons and synapses. Here, we use genetically encoded reporters to image synaptic transmission across a population of sensory neurons-bipolar cells in the retina of live zebrafish. We demonstrate that the luminance sensitivities of these synapses varies over 10(4) with a log-normal distribution. About half the synapses made by ON and OFF cells alter their polarity of transmission as a function of luminance to generate a triphasic tuning curve with distinct maxima and minima. These nonlinear synapses signal temporal contrast with greater sensitivity than linear ones. Triphasic tuning curves increase the dynamic range over which bipolar cells signal light and improve the efficiency with which luminance information is transmitted. The most efficient synapses signaled luminance using just 1 synaptic vesicle per second per distinguishable gray level.
Fever: Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, and Purpose
Authors: H. A. BERNHEIM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Fever appears to have evolved in vertebrate hosts as an adaptive mechanism for controlling infection. This phenomenon is produced by certain exogenous (largely microbial) stimuli that activate bone-marrow-derived phagocytes to release a fever-inducing hormone (endogenous pyrogen). Endogenous pyrogen, in turn, circulates to the thermoregulatory center of the brain (preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus) where it causes an elevation in the "set-point" for normal body temperature. Warm blooded animals produce fever by increasing heat production (through shivering) or reducing heat loss (by peripheral vasoconstriction), whereas cold blooded animals do so only by behavioral mechanisms (seeking a warmer environment). This paper discusses current concepts that involve the mechanism of endogenous pyrogen production, the role of central transmittors, and the probable function of fever in combating disease.
Optimal Acid Suppression Therapy in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Darrell S. Pardi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters6 June 2000Optimal Acid Suppression Therapy in Critically Ill PatientsDarrell S. Pardi, MDDarrell S. Pardi, MDMayo Clinic and Foundation; Rochester, MN 55905 (Pardi)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-11-200006060-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The Update in Hospital Medicine (1) was interesting and useful. I would like to comment on the heading used above the review of the article by Cook and colleagues (2). This paper showed that intravenous ranitidine therapy was superior to sucralfate for the prevention of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in mechanically ventilated patients. However, I do not agree that this study supports the heading chosen in the Update: “H2-Receptor Antagonists Should Be the Prophylactic Drug of Choice in Critically Ill Patients.”Although Cook and colleagues showed that ranitidine was superior to sucralfate, others have shown that omeprazole ...References1. Michota FA. Update in hospital medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:384-90. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Cook D, Guyatt G, Marshall J, Leasa D, Fuller H, Hall R, et al . A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:791-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Levy MJ, Seelig CB, Robinson NJ, Ranney JE. Comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Dig Dis Sci. 1997;42:1255-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Phillips JO, Metzler MH, Huckfeldt RE, Olsen K. A multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial of continuous infusion i.v. ranitidine vs. omeprazole suspension in the prophylaxis of stress ulcers [Abstract]. Crit Care Med. 1998;26 suppl A101. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. Phillips JO, Metzler MH, Palmieri MT, Huckfeldt RE, Dahl NG. A prospective study of simplified omeprazole suspension for the prophylaxis of stress-related mucosal damage. Crit Care Med. 1996;24:1793-800. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Darrell S. Pardi, MDAffiliations: Mayo Clinic and Foundation; Rochester, MN 55905 (Pardi) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUpdate in Hospital Medicine Franklin A. Michota Jr Metrics 6 June 2000Volume 132, Issue 11Page: 923-924KeywordsBicarbonatesDrugsHemorrhageHospital medicineProphylaxisUlcersVentilators ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 June 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Photosensitive epilepsy in children who set fires
Authors: E. A Meinhard, R. Oozeer, D. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1988)

neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and this presentation of carbon monoxide poisoning led us to treat the patient with dantrolene,' with good effect.Thermogenesis was probably due to skeletal muscle rigidity, and the relaxani action I of dantrolene produced a fall in temperature as a secondary 0)Ur patinlt may have recovered spontaneously, but the responses to dantrolene imierit notice.Further investigation is needed to see whether da;ntrolene is effective in treating severe cases ofcarbon monoxide poisoning.Moreover, its use in other hivplrmetabolic states could be beneficial.
Dr. Samuel Lord and the Smallpox Epidemic of 1765–66 at Chatham, Massachusetts
Authors: Fred B. Rogers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A SOLITARY gravestone by the roadside in a pine forest near Chatham Airport today recalls a heroic physician, Dr. Samuel Lord, and his role in an epidemic of smallpox that devastated the town of Chatham on Cape Cod two centuries ago. Located beside Training Field Road near its intersection with Old Comers Road, the inscription on this gravestone states (Fig. 1): Here lies buried Dr. Samuel Lord who died of smallpox after devoted service to the citizens of Chatham in the epidemic of 1765–66. This monument was erected by the Town of Chatham in 1941 to perpetuate his memory.A . . .
Liver Transplantation 27 Years after Bone Marrow Transplantation from the Same Living Donor
Authors: Kenneth A. Andreoni, Jennifer I. Lin, Pamela A. Groben
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: We present a case of bone marrow transplantation and liver transplantation from the same living donor for cirrhosis due to infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). In North Americ...
Natural and unnatural anthraquinones isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Knoxia valerianoides
Authors: Feng Zhao, Sujuan Wang, Sheng Lin, Chenggen Zhu, Zhenggang Yue, Yang Yu, Bo Liu, Xiuli Wu, Yongchun Yang, Yan Li, Jiangong Shi
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Eight new 9,10-anthraquinones (1–8) including three acetonide derivatives of 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinones (6–8) were isolated from an ethanol extract of the roots of Knoxia valerianoides. On the basis of chemical transformation reactions of the co-occurring 14 and 15 combined with HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS analysis of the extracts, the previously and newly isolated 2-methoxymethyl- and 2-ethoxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinones (4, 5, and 9–13), as well as the 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone acetonide derivatives (6–8), were shown to be solvolytic artifacts. In the in vitro assays, compound 4 was active to protect hepatocyte (WB-F344) damage.
Doctors and managers
Authors: N. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The rejection of the contract for UK consultants has brought the relationship between doctors and managers into sharp focus. The BMA and consultants got a bad press. Managers were characterised as everything from the unwilling pawns of a malign government to intellectually second rate, morally bankrupt outsiders who do not understand health care and exist only to frustrate good patient care. This caricature of doctors fighting with managers is strange as many of the managers who would have been responsible for implementing the contract were in fact doctors. Some serious work by managers and doctors is needed to understand the nature of the problem and develop new ways of working together.

It is helpful to see this latest upset as part of a deeper problem, which has a long history. …
Abstract PD07-05: A randomized controlled trial comparing zoledronic acid plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone as a neoadjuvant treatment in patients with HER2-negative primary breast cancer
Authors: Y Hasegawa, N Kohno, J Horiguchi, D Miura, T Ishikawa, M Hayashi, S Takao, SJ Kim, H Tanino, M Miyashita, M Konishi, Y Shigeoka, K Yamagami, K Akazawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, and it induces osteoclast apoptosis and inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway. ZOL has also been found to have antitumor effects that include an angiogenesis inhibiting action, an inhibitory effect on tumor cell adhesion to bone, an inhibitory effect on invasion of the extracellular matrix, and activation of a gdT cells. In addition, it has been found to have a synergistic anti-proliferative effect when used in combination with antitumor drugs. In this study we investigated the pathological complete response (pCR) rate when ZOL is added to anthracycline followed by taxane to treat T2 and T3 breast cancer patients as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Women with resectable invasive StageIIA-IIIB (T ≥3 cm or T ≥2 cm and lymph node positive) breast cancer who are HER-2-negative, between 20 and 70 years of age, and ECOG PS 0–1 were eligible. Patients with distant metastasis, patients who have had received chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or radiotherapy for breast cancer, patients with serious complications, such as heart disease or an infection, patients with a complicating dental or jaw infection or traumatic condition of the teeth, and patients with a history of treatment with a bisphosphonate within the previous 12 months were excluded. A total of 4 courses of FEC100 were administered every 3 weeks followed by weekly paclitaxel for 12 courses. ZOL 4mg was administered every 3–4 weeks a total of 7 times. Patients were randomized 1:1 to chemotherapy + ZOL group or chemotherapy alone group, according to the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor (ER) status, and their menopausal status. The primary endpoint was the rate of pCR defined as absence of invasive disease in the breast at surgery. Secondary endpoints were tumor response rate (RECIST ver1.0), the breast-conserving surgery ratio, and disease-free survival (DFS). We calculated the sample size on the basis of a pCR rate of 18% in the chemotherapy alone group and 35% in the chemotherapy + ZOL group, at 5% significance level based on the one-sided chi-square test with the statistical power of 80%, and as a result we targeted a patient sample size of 180 patients. Results: 188 patients were recruited between March 2010 and April 2012. Results of the primary analysis of efficacy and safety will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD07-05.
Safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil for lamivudine resistant HBV in HIV infected patients
Authors: Y. Benhamou, M. Bochet, V. Thibault, C. Brosgart, P. Vig, C. Gibb, J. Fry, P. Opolon, C. Katlama, T. Poynard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Assessment of regional myocardial perfusion by contrast echocardiography. II. Detection of changes in transmural and subendocardial perfusion during dipyridamole-induced hyperemia in a model of critical coronary stenosis
Authors: Jorge B. Cheirif, William A. Zoghbi, Roberto Bolli, Padraig G. O'Neill, Bradley D. Hoyt, Miguel A. Quinones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)