tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Antibodies Fix Complement to Inhibit Plasmodium falciparum Invasion of Erythrocytes and Are Associated with Protection against Malaria
Authors: Michelle J. Boyle, Linda Reiling, Gaoqian Feng, Christine Langer, Faith H. Osier, Harvey Aspeling-Jones, Yik Sheng Cheng, Janine Stubbs, Kevin K.A. Tetteh, David J. Conway, James S. McCarthy, Ivo Muller, Kevin Marsh, Robin F. Anders, James G. Beeson
Journal: Immunity (2015)

Antibodies play major roles in immunity to malaria; however, a limited understanding of mechanisms mediating protection is a major barrier to vaccine development. We have demonstrated that acquired human anti-malarial antibodies promote complement deposition on the merozoite to mediate inhibition of erythrocyte invasion through C1q fixation and activation of the classical complement pathway. Antibody-mediated complement-dependent (Ab-C′) inhibition was the predominant invasion-inhibitory activity of human antibodies; most antibodies were non-inhibitory without complement. Inhibitory activity was mediated predominately via C1q fixation, and merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 were identified as major targets. Complement fixation by antibodies was very strongly associated with protection from both clinical malaria and high-density parasitemia in a prospective longitudinal study of children. Ab-C′ inhibitory activity could be induced by human immunization with a candidate merozoite surface-protein vaccine. Our findings demonstrate that human anti-malarial antibodies have evolved to function by fixing complement for potent invasion-inhibitory activity and protective immunity.
Seize the chance to agree a lasting settlement on how to fund social care, says Dilnot
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Politicians will be “cowardly” if they fail to seize the chance to transform the system of funding social care in England, according to the economist leading the case for change.

Andrew Dilnot, who chaired the Commission on Funding of Care and Support which reported to ministers last year ( BMJ 2011;343:d4261, doi:10.1136/bmj.d4261), said the current system was “completely broken” and reform was long overdue.

Now is the time to install a lasting settlement where individuals and the state pool risks in a way that is fairer for most people, especially those with high social care needs, he said. “It would be a cowardly country that failed to take that chance,” he added.

Mr Dilnot was speaking at a …
Hereditary Periodic Fever
Authors: Joost P.H. Drenth, Jos W.M. van der Meer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Fever of undetermined origin may be familial and have a periodic course. This article discusses three syndromes of hereditary periodic fever: familial Mediterranean fever, the hyper-IgD syndrome, and the tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome. Each is caused by mutations in different genes and affects different ethnic groups. Important recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders are presented in this review article.
The Sneeze-Reply
Authors: Selig J. Kavka
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  The article on the sneeze created an unexpected swell of interest among the lay public. References to it have been made in the press from coast to coast ( New York Times , June 22, 1983, p 19), on numerous radio stations, and in a television interview ( Chicago '83 , June 25, 1983). As a result, many anecdotal experiences have been collected.  Because the sneeze as well as its inhibition have been shown in the article occasionally to have dire consequences, the article created considerable consternation. What can one do to avoid the baneful sneeze? was a question frequently asked.  Some of the answers were actually implied in the article, namely, that the harmful sneeze occurred only in those who were vulnerable . The sneeze was the trigger that exploded the loaded gun, as it were. In a healthy person, the sneeze need not be dreaded either by its exercise or its
Spanish Medicine: Trying to Heal Itself
Authors: James F. Drane
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Recently, I returned to my alma mater to teach the first American-style medical ethics course at the University of Madrid School of Medicine. Besides the teaching, I visited many hospitals trying to start up discussions about ethics and ethics committees. My work provided me with a close-up look at Spain's health care system, and I came away both impressed with its ideals and shocked by its reality. The socialization of Spanish medicine has been gradual. Franco began the first phase in 1942 when he withheld a percentage of every industrial worker's salary to provide medical care, retirement, and welfare benefits. During the 1960s, the system was expanded to include white-collar workers and even some professional groups. Long before today's socialist party came to power in 1981, the fascist government had extended health benefits to more than 80% of the Spanish population and made an enormous investment in high-tech tertiary-care hospitals.
Clinical Neuroscience: From Neuroanatomy to Psychodynamics
Authors: John M. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This is not a book for the uninitiated but rather for those with a basic familiarity with the facts of brain embryology, the anatomic/developmental stages of the brain, the experimentally determined functional localizations in the brain, and the mechanisms and roles of the neurotransmitters. For those so equipped, it can provide many useful insights. It is not easy to read because of the concentrated argument that it presents and the psychoanalytic terminology it uses. It is speculative, for although the bases from which the author writes are now in rough outline the synthesis of anatomic cortical development, epigenesis, and the various roles of the transmitters are not precisely known at this time. The author effectively uses the available data in all of these areas as well as the work of Brazelton, Piaget, Luria, and Vygotsky. An important postulate for the author's thesis on the nature of the mental disorders is
SENSITIZATION TO RARE RH ANTIGEN V
Authors: Jacob Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In 1954 a new Rh antigen, designated as V, was reported by DeNatale and others, who, after extensive studies, concluded that the antigen is common in Negroes and rare in white persons. Of 150 West Africans, 40% had V, of New York Negroes 27% had V; of 407 London whites 0.5% had V, and of 444 New York whites 0.5% had V. The antigen is inherited as a dominant Mendelian character and belongs to the Rh system. The gene V can be part of some cde chromosomes and of some cDe chromosomes, but its precise place in the system is not yet clear. 1   Report of a Case  A 76-year-old white man was admitted to Lenox Hill Hospital on Oct. 12, 1959, for bleeding from the genitourinary tract. He gave a history of gastric ulcer and bleeding of long duration; he was operated on for perforated gastric ulcer at Bellevue
US committee calls for comments on how to share clinical trial data
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The US Institute of Medicine panel charged with developing guiding principles for sharing clinical trial data has issued a “discussion framework” document. The Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data outlined a preliminary set of principles and posed a set of “key questions,” inviting comment from researchers, trial sponsors, patients, advocacy groups, and the public.1

The panel is led by Bernard Lo, president of the Greenwall Foundation in New York City and a former professor of medicine and director to the program of medical ethics at the University of California, San Francisco. The project is funded by …
STUDIES ON IMMUNE HEMOLYSIS: PREPARATION OF A STABLE AND HIGHLY REACTIVE COMPLEX OF SENSITIZED ERYTHROCYTES AND THE FIRST COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT (EAC'1); INACTIVATION OF CELL-FIXED C'1 BY SOME COMPLEMENT REAGENTS
Authors: Paul G. Klein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The interaction of sensitized sheep crythrocytes (EA) with guinea pig complement inactivated by treatment with hydrazine or ether has been studied. In both cases EA is converted into EAC'1. The hemolytic reactivity of this complex with respect to a complement reagent that contains C'4, C'2, and C'3 (R1) decays rapidly in the presence of hydrazine-treated complement (R4) or decomplemented guinea pig serum, but not in the presence of ether-treated guinea pig serum or of saline. The rate of decay of EAC'1 is dependent on the temperature, the reaction volume, and the amount of the inactivating reagent. The capacity of R4 and of decomplemented serum to inactivate EAC'1 can be markedly reduced by treatment with ether. The essential conditions for obtaining an optimally reactive EAC'1 consist in exposing EA to ether-treated guinea pig serum in the cold. This procedure yields a highly reactive EAC'1, even when the cells are sensitized with suboptimal amounts of amboceptor.
Interleukin-10 induces E-selectin on small and large blood vessel endothelial cells.
Authors: M Vora, L I Romero, M A Karasek
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

In vitro, expression of E-selectin is largely restricted to endothelial cells activated by inflammatory cytokines. Under activated conditions, cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 10, released by keratinocytes in large quantities, may also increase the expression of E-selectin on the dermal microvasculature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of E-selectin on cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) isolated from neonatal foreskins when exposed to IL-10. Expression of E-selectin was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, FACS analysis, an HL-60 cell-binding assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. For comparison with large blood vessel cells, the expression of E-selectin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was also determined in parallel by FACS and reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis under identical conditions. These studies demonstrate that IL-10 induces the expression of E-selectin on both HDMEC and HUVEC and that the level of expression of HDMEC is comparable with that induced by IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. When HL-60 cells are incubated with HDMEC pretreated with IL-10, a consistent increase in adherence of HL-60 to endothelial cells is observed. This adherence was found to be mediated by L-selectin. PCR analysis and the quantification of E-selectin cDNA by a novel, highly sensitive and specific PCR-immunoassay demonstrate the induction of E-selectin mRNA at the transcriptional level. The induction of the expression of E-selectin by IL-10 on HDMEC may provide additional insights into the pathogenic mechanism of neutrophil accumulation at the site of inflammation in inflammatory skin diseases.
Biomechanical wall properties of the human rectum. A study with impedance planimetry.
Authors: F H Dall, C S Jorgensen, D Houe, H Gregersen, J C Djurhuus
Journal: Gut (1993)

Biomechanical properties of the rectal wall were studied in 17 healthy adult volunteers (nine men and eight women). With impedance planimetry it is possible to obtain simultaneous measurements of pressure and rectal cross sectional area (CSA) during balloon inflations. Rectal distensions were done with an intraluminal balloon using specified pressures up to 40 cmH2O above baseline rectal pressure. Balloon inflation elicited a phase of rapid increase in rectal CSA followed by a phase of slow increase until a steady state was reached. Steady state occurred within 67 to 140 seconds with the shortest period at the highest distension pressures. Steady state rectal CSA values had a non-linear relation to increasing distension pressure. Rectal CSA values in women showed a tendency of being slightly higher than male values at all pressure steps with a significant difference at 3 and 5 cm H2O. Biomechanical parameters were calculated from rectal CSA pressure relations. Circumferential wall tension increased in a linear way. Rectal compliance decreased in a non-linear way with no further decline between 30 and 40 cmH2O. The pressure elastic modulus increased steeply until a distension pressure of 35 cmH2O with no further increase to 40 cmH2O. This suggests that rectal tone is reduced as the muscle fails to resist further distension at 35 cmH2O and higher pressures. Impedance planimetry offers new possibilities for investigation of anorectal physiology through the study of segmental biomechanical wall properties of the human rectum.
Feasibility of Pulmonary Embolectomy
Authors: ROBERT J. FLEMMA, W. GLENN YOUNG, ANDREW WALLACE, ROBERT E. WHALEN, JOHN FREESE
Journal: Circulation (1964)

technic for performing pulmonary embo- lectomy for massive pulmonary embolization in 1908, there were few successes until extracorporeal circulation was utilized to support the patient during the operation.The purpose of this report is to describe a patient with massive pulmonary embolism treated successfully by emergency pulmonary embolectomy and to explore the feasibility of surgical inter- vention by reviewing a series of cases of mas- sive pulmonary embolism seen over the past 30 years at Duke Hospital.
A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY IN MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: JOHN ALFRED FRANK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

1. The clinical, experimental, and theoretical literature on carbon dioxide oxygen inhalation therapy (CDT) is reviewed and critically evaluated. 2. The over-all improvement rate in 238 nonpsychotic patients treated with CDT, collected from the literature, is 61%. The highest rate of improvement (83%) is reported in psychophysiologic disorders, the lowest (46%) in stutterers. The evidence indicates that these high improvement rates are exaggerated since most workers include "minimal" improvement in their statistics. If these patients had been correctly classified "unimproved," the rates would be lower and much more accurate. 3. CDT is apparently of little value in the treatment of psychoses, severe obsessive-compulsive, and hypochondriacal reactions. 4. CDT may be a useful adjunct to psychotherapy, causing rapid release of unconscious repressed memories and affects (abreaction), thereby shortening the duration of psychotherapy. 5. CDT is capable of causing amelioration of some neurotic symptoms without the use of concurrent psychotherapy. Ideally, however, CDT should be combined with or followed by psychotherapy in order to induce lasting improvement in the patient through the development of insight into the cause of his symptoms and emotional difficulties. 6. No fatalities or lasting complications from CDT have been reported. It is apparently the least harmful form of somatic therapy in psychiatry. However, since CDT is "potentially" dangerous both physically and psychologically, it should be given only by psychiatrists or other physicians with special psychiatric training. Indiscriminate use by untrained personnel might result in serious complications. 7. CDT may be of value in certain patients who are hostile to psychotherapy or who for various reasons are unable to receive other forms of treatment. Such individuals frequently become more cooperative during CDT, since they feel that something "active" is being done to help them and they frequently request further psychiatric treatment. 8. A major difficulty of CDT is the increasing severe anxiety that it induces, which causes many patients to discontinue treatment prematurely. 9. The mode of action of CDT is unknown. There is no scientific evidence that CO2 is a specific agent in the treatment of nonpsychotic mental disorders, since many other anaesthetic agents exert similar effects. 10. Suggestions for further research are made, with particular emphasis on the need for adequate controls, prolonged follow-up studies, and physiological and biochemical analyses of the effects of CDT on man and experimental animals.
Dutch minister warns that illegal immigrants must receive care
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Dutch health minister Els Borst has warned doctors and hospitals that it is “completely unacceptable” to refuse necessary medical care to illegal immigrants. This followed a recent case in which a Polish woman was initially denied an operation because her injuries were not considered life threatening.

A doctors' human rights group, the Johannes Wier Foundation, which raised the issue through the health inspectorate, has warned that there could be more cases in the Netherlands in the wake of a new law which restricts illegal immigrants' social …
ERYTHEMA OF THE NINTH DAY (MILIAN)
Authors: HUGH GORDON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1936)

Journal Article ERYTHEMA OF THE NINTH DAY (MILIAN) Get access HUGH GORDON, B.CH., M.R.C.P. HUGH GORDON, B.CH., M.R.C.P. Assistant Skin‐Physician to St. T George's Hospital; Dermatologist to the West London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 48, Issue 6, 1 June 1936, Pages 281–288, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1936.tb10346.x Published: 01 June 1936
Plasma Luteinizing Hormone Levels in Normal Adults and in Patients with Pituitary and Gonadal Dysfunction: Determination by Radioimmunoassay.
Authors: Don S. Schalch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Plasma Luteinizing Hormone Levels in Normal Adults and in Patients with Pituitary and Gonadal Dysfunction: Determination by Radioimmunoassay.Don S. Schalch, M.D., Louyse Lee, B.S., Robert C. Boon, M.D., Seymour Reichlin, M.D., Albert F. Parlow, Ph.D.Don S. Schalch, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Louyse Lee, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, Robert C. Boon, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Seymour Reichlin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Albert F. Parlow, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1028_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA sensitizing radioimmunoassay for luteinizing hormone (LH) has been developed using a highly purified preparation of human pituitary LH. By this technique, the plasma LH concentration measured daily during normal menstrual cycles in eight healthy women averaged 1.2 ± 0.1 mµg/ml (mean ± SE) in the pre- and postovulatory phases but rose abruptly at the time of ovulation to a level of 9.9 ± 0.9 mµg/ml. This midcycle peak was completely obliterated by oral ovulatory suppressants but reappeared in the first month after the discontinuation of medication. Plasma LH levels in ten postmenopausal women were markedly elevated, ranging between 2.7... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1028-1029KeywordsAttentionBlood plasmaLuteinizing hormoneMenstrual cycleOvulationRadioimmunoassays Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
ALCOHOL IN ITS RELATION TO DEGENERACY.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Alcohol has been repeatedly charged with being the factor in degeneracy. Statistics of the first half of the present century seem to justify the conclusion that it is apparently the most potent factor, yet these statistics, as a rule, confound coincidence and cause, or effect and cause, or the vicious circles thereby resulting, to a remarkable degree. There are but few races in which alcohol has not been used and abused. The American Indians<sup>1</sup>had tizwein, chica and pulque long ere Columbus; the Tartars and Russians have bouza, kvas and kumyss; the South Sea Islanders have ava and toddy (from the cocoanut); the Tunisians have laymi. The vast majority of the races of mankind have used alcoholic beverages. Each was called by a local name and not by a. loan word, a most demonstrable evidence of local origin. Even the social insects (bees and ants) at times indulge in fruit
Griseofulvin Treatment Of Tinea Capitis
Authors: John H. S. Pettit
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a recent paper concerning griseofulvin therapy in tinea capitis, Zaias et al (<b>198</b>:805, 1966) point out that their attempts at treatment with a single (3-gm) dose of griseofulvin or a course of 1 gm a week for four weeks resulted in a low cure rate which was hardly different from that found in a group which was not treated with griseofulvin. They point out that there are still large epidemics of tinea capitis in elementary schools despite the availability of griseofulvin as an effective oral treatment, and their own rate of cure goes some way to explain the continued presence of such epidemics. Those who treat ringworm of the scalp should remember that shaving of the scalp is perhaps the crucial factor which decides whether or not tinea capitis is responsive to treatment. As Gentles<sup>1</sup>originally showed in the guinea pig, and as dermatologists
Functional Integrity of Nuclear Factor κB, Phosphatidylinositol 3′-Kinase, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Allows Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Evoked Bcl-2 Expression to Provoke Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Dependent Translation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α
Authors: Jie Zhou, Melvin Callapina, Gregory J. Goodall, Bernhard Brüne
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, a heterodimeric transcription factor composed of HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits coordinates pathophysiologic responses toward decreased oxygen availability. It is now appreciated that enhanced protein translation of HIF-1α under normoxia accounts for an alternative regulatory circuit to activate HIF-1 by hormones, growth factors, or cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Here, we aimed at understanding molecular details of HIF-1α translation in response to TNF-α. In tubular LLC-PK1 cells, activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) by TNF-α resulted in HIF-1α protein synthesis as determined by [35S]methionine pulse experiments. Protein synthesis was attenuated by blocking NFκB, phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3k), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Use of a dicistronic reporter with the HIF-1α 5′-untranslated region (5′UTR) between two coding regions indicated that TNF-α promoted an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) rather than a cap-dependent translation. IRES-mediated translation required the functional integrity of the NFκB, PI3k, and MAPK signaling pathways. Although no signal cross-talk was noticed between NFκB, PI3k, and MAPK signaling, these pathways are needed to up-regulate the anti-apoptotic target protein Bcl-2 by TNF-α. Expression of Bcl-2 provoked not only IRES-dependent translation but also HIF-1α protein synthesis. We conclude that Bcl-2 functions as an important determinant in facilitating HIF-1α protein expression by TNF-α via an IRES-dependent translational mechanism. These observations suggest a link between Bcl-2 and HIF-1α expression, a situation with potential relevance to cancer biology.
Antibiotic Associated Colitis A Cause of Absent Marrow Activity on ln-111 Leukocyte Imaging
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, KAZI M. ALI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 35-year-old woman who had received 10 days of intravenous antibiotic treatment for bacterial pneumonia, underwent in-111 labeled leukocyte imaging following the acute onset of severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. In addition to intense pancolonic uptake of labeled leukocytes (subsequently found to be due to antibiotic associated colitis), there was virtually no marrow activity present on the white cell images, raising the possibility of a diffuse marrow replacement process. Sulfur colloid marrow images performed 24 hours later, however, demonstrated only moderate marrow expansion, with absent activity in the pelvis secondary to previous radiation therapy. The lack of marrow activity on the leukocyte images is probably due to rapid egress of labeled cells into the inflamed bowel prior to uptake of these cells by the marrow, a phenomenon which occurs more slowly.