tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fibroindex, a practical index for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Masahiko Koda, Yoshiko Matunaga, Manri Kawakami, Yukihiro Kishimoto, Takeaki Suou, Yoshikazu Murawaki
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Diagnosis of the stage of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C is essential for making a prognosis and deciding on antiviral therapy. In the present study a simple model consisting of routine laboratory tests was constructed and then validated in cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations. Consecutive treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C who had undergone liver biopsy were divided into 2 cohorts: an estimation set (n = 240) and a validation set (n = 120). A longitudinal set consisted of 30 patients who had undergone a liver biopsy twice, before and after IFN treatment. The FibroIndex was derived from the platelet count, AST, and gamma globulin measurements in the estimation set. The areas under the ROC curves of the FibroIndex for predicting significant fibrosis were 0.83 and 0.82 for the validation set, better than those of the Forns index and the aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). Using the best cutoff values, whether significant fibrosis was present was diagnosed with high positive predictive values, and 35% of patients could avoid liver biopsy. In the longitudinal set, there was a significant decrease in the FibroIndex of 14 patients whose fibrosis stage improved, and a significant increase in that of 5 patients whose fibrosis stage deteriorated. Change in the FibroIndex correlated significantly with variation in fibrosis stage. There was no such correlation with the Forns index or the APRI. Conclusion: The FibroIndex is a simple and reliable index for predicting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C and could also be used as a surrogate marker during antifibrotic treatment for chronic hepatitis C.
Nicotine and Addiction
Authors: John Slade
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To learn how nicotine has been regarded by a major tobacco company. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Documents from Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation (B&amp;W), the British American Tobacco Company (BAT), and other tobacco interests provided by an anonymous source, obtained from Congress, and received from the private papers of a former BAT officer. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —All available materials, including confidential reports regarding research and internal memoranda exchanged between tobacco industry lawyers. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —During a period of 22 years (1962 to 1984), employees of B&amp;W and BAT conducted research and commented on the pharmacology of nicotine. They consistently regarded nicotine as the pharmacological agent that explained tobacco use. In the early part of the period under study, officials of the companies wrote about nicotine addiction explicitly. Inhalation of cigarette smoke by the consumer was recognized throughout the period as necessary for the normal function of a cigarette. The documents contain little indication that research was conducted on either the taste or the flavor of nicotine. The documents reveal an intention on the part of B&amp;W and its corporate parent to affect the function of the body with nicotine. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:225-233)
The Rieske Protein: A Case Study on the Pitfalls of Multiple Sequence Alignments and Phylogenetic Reconstruction
Authors: Evelyne Lebrun, Joanne M. Santini, Myriam Brugna, Anne-Lise Ducluzeau, Soufian Ouchane, Barbara Schoepp-Cothenet, Frauke Baymann, Wolfgang Nitschke
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Previously published phylogenetic trees reconstructed on "Rieske protein" sequences frequently are at odds with each other, with those of other subunits of the parent enzymes and with small-subunit rRNA trees. These differences are shown to be at least partially if not completely due to problems in the reconstruction procedures. A major source of erroneous Rieske protein trees lies in the presence of a large, poorly conserved domain prone to accommodate very long insertions in well-defined structural hot spots substantially hampering multiple alignments. The remaining smaller domain, in contrast, is too conserved to allow distant phylogenies to be deduced with sufficient confidence. Three-dimensional structures of representatives from this protein family are now available from phylogenetically distant species and from diverse enzymes. Multiple alignments can thus be refined on the basis of these structures. We show that structurally guided alignments of Rieske proteins from Rieske-cytochrome b complexes and arsenite oxidases strongly reduce conflicts between resulting trees and those obtained on their companion enzyme subunits. Further problems encountered during this work, mainly consisting in database errors such as wrong annotations and frameshifts, are described. The obtained results are discussed against the background of hypotheses stipulating pervasive lateral gene transfer in prokaryotes.
Recognition of Gonadotroph Adenomas in Women
Authors: Leela Daneshdoost, Thomas A. Gennarelli, Hildegarde M. Bashey, Peter J. Savino, Robert C. Sergott, Thomas M. Bosley, Peter J. Snyder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Pituitary adenomas that arise from the gonadotroph cells are being recognized with increasing frequency in men, but they are still rarely recognized in women. This rarity could be the result of an actual difference in occurrence or of greater difficulty in recognition. The tumors are usually recognized in men more than 50 years old, but elevated serum gonadotropin levels in women of that age could be produced by normal gonadotroph cells.
Interaction between a serum factor and T lymphocytes in gaucher disease
Authors: Renato Bassan, Alessandro Montanelli, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

A defective formation of E rosette from peripheral lymphocytes was observed in five patients with Gaucher disease. Evidence is shown that the reduction of E rosetting capacity is due to serum factors since it was induced in normal lymphocytes incubated with patients' sera. It is likely that ferritin, found elevated in the patients, might be involved in this inhibitory phenomenon. This disfunction might play a role in the high incidence of cancer in Gaucher patients.
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents apoptosis induced by the neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid in rat neuronal cells: Evidence for a mitochondrial-dependent pathway that does not involve the permeability transition
Authors: C.M.P. Rodrigues, C.D. Keene, C. Linehan-Stieers, X. Ma, W. Low, C.J. Steer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: James C. Gaither
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

PAROXYSMAL nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disease with a fascinating diversity of challenges and implications. These have prompted numerous clinical and basic investigations. The clinical features are often bizarre and may be misleading, even with the most typical presentation of abdominal pain, fatigue, weakness, anemia and dark urine and with venous thromboses as the most common immediate cause of death.1 , 2 The basic studies have not yet succeeded in defining the fundamental defect.Described below are the clinical and laboratory findings on a patient whose course illustrates exceptionally well most of the vicissitudes of this disorder and the pitfalls in correct diagnosis. . . .
Method and Value of Physiotherapy in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lewis J. Doshay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN no other field of medicine is physical therapy more important to the health and welfare of the patient than in Parkinson's disease. In this ailment, in which there is no paralysis as in multiple sclerosis and no primary atrophy and disappearance of muscle tissue as in poliomyelitis, the major concern is rigidity, which can be successfully controlled through the application of early, consistent and intensive physiotherapy. In special situations tremor may likewise constitute a problem, but it is seldom a threat to the later health and survival of the patient. Admittedly, even a mild tremor can create hardship for . . .
Marketing of antipsychotic drugs attacked
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Drug companies in the United States are facing criticism for advertising psychotrophic drugs directly to the general public and to patients. One drug company is even offering university scholarships to schizophrenic patients who switch to their new antipsychotic drug.

Last August the Food and Drug Administration changed the rules to allow advertisers to market drugs directly to the public, as long as they provided adequate information about a drug's indications and side effects, or the advertisement directed the consumer to where this information could be found. Consumers in the United States are now deluged with glossy pharmaceutical advertisements in magazines, on television, and on the …
Doctors less likely than patients to report toxicity of cancer treatments, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Doctors consistently under-report symptomatic toxicities, such as nausea, associated with anticancer treatments when compared with patients’ reporting, shows a study that looked at data on side effects reported prospectively in three randomised trials.1

“Information about symptomatic toxicities of anticancer treatments is not based on direct reports by patients but rather on reports by clinicians in trials,” explained the researchers, led by Francesco Perrone, from Italy’s National …
Fatal Thrombocytopenic Purpura Due to Quinidine
Authors: S. Bourne, D. J. O'Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Fatal Thrombocytopenic Purpura Due to Quinidine] Moodie (1950) reported the first case of thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinidine in this country and reviewed five others.Since then 22 further cases have been described, all of which recovered completely.We wish to report a fatal case. CASE REPORTA foundry manager aged 40 had no serious illnesses until the onset of angina pectoris in September, 1955.He was away from work for four weeks following myocardial infarction in April, 1956, and was admitted to hospital on July 17 with a fresh antero-septal infarct.He was treated
GENETIC STUDIES OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES
Authors: Edwin D. Kilbourne, James S. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The passage of newly isolated, filamentous Asian (A2) influenza viruses in the presence of non-infective PR8 (A) virus results in the rapid emergence of virus of Asian (A2) antigenicity but PRS-like growth capacity and spherical morphology. Evidence is presented that this effect results from genetic interaction of the infective Asian and non-infective PR8 viruses rather than from spontaneous change of the Asian strain. It is concluded that influenza viral morphology, growth rate and growth capacity are associated genetic traits which distinguish unadapted from adapted strains, and which are transferable by recombination. A pragmatic consequence of these experiments is the fact that conditions have been defined for the rapid adaptation of early passage influenza virus isolates to the chick embryo allantoic sac. Such adaptation is attended by an increase in viral yield which has obvious implications for vaccine production during future epidemics with new antigenic types.
Mutant AF-2 domain of PML-RARα in retinoic acid-resistant NB4 cells: differentiation induced by RA is triggered directly through PML-RARα and its down-regulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: K Kitamura, H Kiyoi, H Yoshida, H Saito, R Ohno, T Naoe
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Small-intestinal Cell Turnover in Patients with Parasitic Infections
Authors: L. R. Da Costa
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Small-intestinal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) loss rates were measured in six patients with <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> hyperinfestation, in four patients with hookworm disease, and in eight normal controls. In the four patients with strongyloidiasis having weight loss, hypoproteinaemia, and oedema the mean DNA loss rates were 73·9, 51·6, 58·0, and 62·2 ng atoms DNA-P/min respectively, which was significantly higher than that of patients with hookworm disease (mean 17·3, S.D. 6·6) or in eight control subjects (mean 14·5, S.D. 7·5). In two of three patients with strongyloidiasis the high DNA loss rates fell to normal after treatment, and in two others investigated only after treatment the rates were normal. It is suggested that the high epithelial cell turnover in these patients may result in excessive loss of endogenous substances and that this may be an important mechanism in causing malnutrition and hypoproteinaemia in patients with <i>S. stercoralis</i> hyperinfestation.
Lessons for Medical Education
Authors: Theodore C. Doege
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

III. Comments1 November 1978Lessons for Medical EducationTheodore C. Doege, M.D.Theodore C. Doege, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-863_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSobering, thought-provoking, challenging: These words describe well this Symposium. Regrettably, however, there was almost no voice representing the nation's 300 000 private medical practitioners.Particularly noticeable during the conference was a thread indicating educational needs. For example, one speaker described the epidemic prescribing of antibiotics by physicians, and another noted Americans should have at least a 50-50 chance of not having a new diagnostic or therapeutic measure imposed on them without knowledge of its efficacy. There would be less likelihood of overprescribing, and of inappropriate use of therapeutic or diagnostic measures, if physicians better understood how to determine theefficacy... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Theodore C. Doege, M.D.Affiliations: American Medical Association University of Illinois School of Public Health PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1978Volume 89, Issue 5_Part_2Page: 863-863KeywordsAntibioticsMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Seasonal Distribution of Deaths from Cancer
Authors: T. M. Allan
Journal: BMJ (1966)

the one described above.Through the good offices of Dr. J. A. Boycott, serum specimens collected from the patient on 23 September and 12 October were sent to the other of us (H.S.) for examination for cytomegalovirus antibodies.The complement-fixing antibody titres were found to be 8 and 512 respectively.A further serum taken on 1 February 1966 had a titre of 256; urine specimens collected at this time were examined for virus excretion but without success.The clinical course and laboratory findings of our patient closely followed the pattern described by the Finnish workers, and we would agree with their conclusion that cyto- megalovirus infection must be considered as a possible cause of atypical, Paul-Bunnellnegative, infectious mononucleosis.-Weare, Xetc.,
Medical Pharmacology: Principles and Concepts
Authors: Edward J. Walaszek
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The fourth edition of<i>Medical Pharmacology</i>presents the basic concepts and principles of drug action as related to a rational basis for therapeutics. The primary emphasis has been placed on the mode of action of drugs in terms of physiologic and biochemical systems. In addition to chapters contained in earlier editions, the author has added a chapter on disinfectants and antiseptics and a chapter dealing with contemporary drug abuse, by Dr. Gregory C. Dimijian. Several other chapters have been expanded, and the chapter covering anesthetics has been rewritten. In keeping with the style of earlier editions, the subject matter is presented in a concise manner with a minimum of detail. Readers interested in delving further into the subjects discussed will find that the references are strongly oriented toward clinical pharmacology. It is the expressed purpose of this book to relate pertinent pharmacologic information to medical students and practicing physicians. With
Conflict of Interest, Disclosure, and Trial Reports
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-Term Outcome after Pancreatic Stenting in Severe Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: N. Eleftheriadis, F. Dinu, M. Delhaye, O. Le Moine, M. Baize, A. Vandermeeren, L. Hookey, J. Devière
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Although it has been proved that pancreatic stenting is effective in the symptomatic management of severe chronic pancreatitis, long-term outcomes after stent removal have not been fully evaluated. Patients and Methods: A total of 100 patients (75 men, 25 women; median age 49) with severe chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic duct strictures were successfully treated for pancreatic pain using polyethylene pancreatic stents and were followed up for at least 1 year after stent removal. The stents were exchanged "on demand" (in cases of recurrence of pain) and a definitive stent removal was attempted on the basis of clinical and endoscopic findings. Clinical variables were retrospectively assessed as potential predictors of re-stenting. Results: The etiology of the chronic pancreatitis was alcoholic (77 %), idiopathic (18 %), or hereditary (5 %). Patients were followed up for a median period of 69 months (range 14 - 163 months) after study entry, including a median period of 27 months (range 12 - 126 months) after stent removal. The median duration of pancreatic stenting before stent removal was 23 months (range 2 - 134 months). After attempted definitive stent removal, 30 patients (30 %) required re-stenting within the first year of follow-up, at a median time of 5.5 months after stent removal (range 1 - 12 months), while in 70 patients (70 %) pain control remained adequate during that period. By the end of the follow-up period a total of 38 patients had required re-stenting and four ultimately underwent pancreaticojejunostomy. Pancreas divisum was the only factor significantly associated with a higher risk of re-stenting (P = 0.002). Conclusions: The majority (70 %) of patients with severe chronic pancreatitis who respond to pancreatic stenting maintain this response after definitive stent removal. However, a significantly higher re-stenting rate was observed in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreas divisum.
Abstract P5-05-10: Estrogenic pathways exist in TNBC and correlate with androgen receptor status
Authors: KM McNamara, T Yoda, AM Nurani, Y Miki, T Suzuki, N Nemoto, M Miyashita, K Tamaki, T Ishida, N Ohuchi, H Sasano
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Triple negative carcinoma are a difficult to treat subtype of carcinomas due to the fact they do not express any of the markers at which targeted therapy is directed at such as ER, PR or HER2. Traditionally these carcinomas are referred to as estrogen receptor negative, however in reality the assessment of ER expression is limited to the ERa form; evaluation of ERβ expression in TNBC has been, on the whole, overlooked. A limited number of studies have suggested that in a large proportion of TNBC ERβ continues to be expressed. In this study we chose to focus on the ERβ1 subtype, as this has been previously suggested to be associated with a positive prognosis in TNBC. We sought to examine if there was an overlap between androgen receptor, ERβ1 and AKR1C3 (17βHSD5) expression as these have been suggested, at least in the prostate, to form a steroid metabolism pathway via which the inactivation of androgen can generate estrogenic signals. In addition we also assessed the presence of the canonical pathway of estrogen metabolism via intratumoral aromatase to see if this had a potential biological role in breast cancer. Following appropriate IRB approval a cohort of 78 samples of triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma from Tohoku University Hospital were collected. These samples were stained for ERβ1 and aromatase. ERβ1 samples were classified as positive or negative using a 10% labelling index criteria while aromatase was classified as positive if greater that 50% of carcinoma cells showed immunoreactivity. The expression pattern of both stains was then compared to a historical set of data regarding AR, AKR1C3 (17βHSD5 staining) and Ki67. In this comparison ERβ1 positivity and aromatase positivity was significantly and positively associated with AR positivity (Chi squared test p &amp;lt;0.01). ERβ1 however showed no relationship to either aromatase expression or 17βHSD5 expression. While both stains showed a trend towards lower Ki67 labelling indexes in conjunction with higher immunoreactivity, neither was significant. In a standard least squares model incorporating AR, ERβ1, 17βHSD5 and AROM positivity was the only factor that had an independent significant effect on Ki67 labelling index was that of AR positivity (Model p&amp;lt;0.05, AR effect p&amp;lt;0.01) with, as we have previously shown, AR positivity being associated with lower Ki-67 labelling index. These results suggest that while estrogenic pathways remain in TNBC, the dominant steroid metabolism pathway is that of the androgen receptor. However, further research is warranted to fully understand the roles of estrogenic pathways in triple negative disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-05-10.
Enterogastric Reflux in Suspected Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: PATRICK M. COLLETTI, JEROME A. BARAKOS, MICHAEL E. SIEGEL, PHILIP W. RALLS, JAMES M. HALLS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Ninety patients undergoing Tc-99m disofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy for suspected acute cholecystitis were assessed for enterogastric reflux. Seventy-seven cases showed bowel activity by one hour and were included in the study. Twenty-six percent (20/77) showed definite enterogastric reflux. The gastric activity tended to clear rapidly, even though patients remained supine during examination. Six of 20 patients (30%) with enterogastric reflux had gallbladder visualization. Of these six, one had acute cholecystitis and one had resolving acute cholecystitis with gallstone pancreatitis. There was one case each of pancreatitis, amebic abscess, sepsis, and one normal. Thus, of 20 patients with enterogastric reflux, 16 had acute cholecystitis (80%). Twenty-three of seventy-seven patients (30%) had surgically proven acute cholecystitis: of these, 16 of 23 (70% sensitivity) had gastric reflux, and 50 of 54 without acute cholecystitis did not have reflux (93% specificity). The overall accuracy of enterogastric reflux for acute cholecystitis is 86%. Gastric reflux seen on cholescintigraphy is a secondary sign of acute cholecystitis. Reflux may be related to duodenal irritation from the adjacent inflamed gallbladder.