tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In Utero</i> Exposure to Bisphenol A Shifts the Window of Susceptibility for Mammary Carcinogenesis in the Rat
Authors: Angela M. Betancourt, Isam A. Eltoum, Renee A. Desmond, Jose Russo, Coral A. Lamartiniere
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental chemical with reported endocrine-disrupting properties.Our goal in this study was to determine whether prenatal exposure to BPA predisposes the adult rat mammary gland to carcinogenesis.Pregnant rats were treated orally with 0, 25, or 250 microg BPA/kg body weight (BW) from gestation day (GD) 10 to GD21. For tumorigenesis experiments, prenatally exposed female offspring received a single gavage of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA; 30 mg/kg BW) on postnatal day (PND) 50, or PND100.Prenatal exposure of the dam to 250 microg BPA/kg BW combined with a single exposure of female offspring to DMBA on PND100, but not on PND50, significantly increased tumor incidence while decreasing tumor latency compared with the control group. Prenatal exposure of the dam to 250 microg BPA/kg BW, in the absence of DMBA to the female offspring, increased cell proliferation and elicited differential effects at the protein level at PND100 compared with PND50. Differentially regulated proteins in the mammary gland included estrogen receptor-alpha, progesterone receptor-A, Bcl-2, steroid receptor coactivators, epidermal growth factor receptor, phospho-insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor, and phospho-Raf.Our study demonstrates that oral prenatal exposure to BPA increases mammary cancer susceptibility in offspring and shifts the window of susceptibility for DMBA-induced tumorigenesis in the rat mammary gland from PND50 to PND100. These changes are accompanied by differential effects of prenatal BPA exposure on the expression of key proteins involved in cell proliferation.
Longevity of Parents and Grandparents in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease and Associated Variables
Authors: E. CUYLER HAMMOND, LAWRENCE GARFINKEL, HERBERT SEIDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

This paper is based upon an analysis of data from a prospective epidemiological study in which a large number of men and women were traced for six years after they answered a detailed questionnaire. The subjects were divided into seven groups according to the longevity of their parents and grandparents. Death rates from coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, and stroke were found to be considerably higher among subjects with short-lived parents than among subjects with long-lived parents. This was found to be the case for coronary heart disease among men without a history of high blood pressure or diabetes, who were not seriously overweight, who took some exersise, and who never smoked cigarettes regularly.
MODERN TREATMENT OF BRAIN ABSCESS
Authors: HARRY P. CAHILL
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Success in the treatment of brain abscess rests on a tripod of medical actions: first, a correct diagnosis; second, proper operative methods, and third, rational after-treatment. It is a simple procedure to state the characteristic signs and symptoms of frontal, temporosphenoidal or cerebellar abscess formation. When, however, increased intracranial pressure, spreading cerebral edema or localized meningeal sepsis jumble the entire abnormal picture into a jig-saw puzzle of contradictions, a clear mind with balanced judgment is most vital. When the symptoms of temporosphenoidal or cerebellar abscess are clear and distinct, the diagnosis may be definite. When the converse is true, a carefully taken history may be the determinant of success. The characteristic focal signs of brain abscess may be absent, and the diagnosis of the condition rest entirely on the presence of general signs and symptoms of intracranial abscess formation. Here, drowsiness with a history of vomiting may clear away the
-MSH related peptides: a new class of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating drugs
Authors: T. A Luger, T. Brzoska
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a tridecapeptide derived from the proopiomelanocortin by post-translational processing. In addition to its effects on melanocytes, alpha-MSH has potent anti-inflammatory effects when administered systemically or locally. The anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-MSH are mediated by direct effects on cells of the immune system as well as indirectly by affecting the function of resident non-immune cells. alpha-MSH affects several pathways implicated in regulation of inflammatory responses such as NF-kappaB activation, expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Thus alpha-MSH may modulate inflammatory cell proliferation, activity and migration. The anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-MSH have been confirmed by means of animal models of inflammation such as irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, cutaneous vasculitis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ocular and brain inflammation. Most of the anti-inflammatory activities of alpha-MSH can be attributed to its C-terminal tripeptide KPV. K(D)PT, a derivative of KPV corresponding to the amino acid 193-195 of IL-1beta, is currently emerging as another tripeptide with potent anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory potential together with the favourable physiochemical properties most likely will allow these agents to be developed for the treatment of inflammatory skin, eye and bowel diseases, allergic asthma and arthritis.
Attacking Remaining Challenges in Childhood Leukemia
Authors: Karen R. Rabin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Approximately 80% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are now cured, with estimates that contemporary treatment may further increase the cure rate to near 90%.1 Yet this figure is deceptive; for those children with unfavorable features, defined either by disease biology or by response to treatment, the probability of cure is much lower, in some groups well below 50%. Patients with induction failure, in whom complete remission is not achieved after 4 to 6 weeks of therapy, constitute one such challenging subgroup. In this issue of the Journal, Schrappe and colleagues2 report on an observational analysis of 1041 patients . . .
Immune-Complex-Mediated Biologic Effects
Authors: Roger C. Wiggins, Charles G. Cochrane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

COMPLEXES of antigen and antibody (immune complexes) are capable of causing inflammatory injury.1 Many human diseases can now be attributed to the presence of immune complexes in tissues. Some examples are systemic lupus erythematosus, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, and tissue injury associated with a variety of infectious agents.Immune complexes are formed by the union of one or more antibody molecules with one or more antigen molecules. Once formed, the complex may activate cellular and humoral mediator systems that cause tissue injury.The means by which immune complexes develop in tissues has been determined in several experiments. . . .
Greiner does a Thatcher
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

WD and HO Wills, British American Tobacco's Australian subsidiary, recently announced the appointment of Mr Nick Greiner as chairman of its board. Greiner was Liberal premier of New South Wales in 1988-92 and resigned from politics after being criticised by a body of his own creation, the Independent Commission against Corruption, after allegations that he had acted inappropriately in assisting a rebel member of his party to leave politics.

Greiner's rush to embrace the tobacco industry—like that of Margaret Thatcher, who took up work as a consultant for Philip Morris after leaving politics—comes as little surprise. As premier he regularly railed against tobacco control (“The range of things that has been done around Australia … may be philosophically repugnant in terms of the impact on the rights of individuals”).

Wills has just …
Cancer Mortality in the U.S. Flour Industry
Authors: M. C. R. Alavanja, A. Blair, M. N. Masters
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

The mortality experience among 22,938 white males who were enrolled in the life insurance program of the American Federation of Grain Millers was assessed for the period 1955 through 1985 in a cohort mortality analysis and in a nested case-control analysis. Significantly fewer deaths were observed among this group than expected for all causes of death combined [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 89] compared with the number of deaths observed among the general population of U.S. white males of the same age. Excess risks for developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (SMR = 149), leukemia (SMR = 136), and pancreatic cancer (SMR = 133) were restricted to workers employed in flour mills, where pesticides are used more frequently than in other segments of the industry. In the nested case-control analysis, excess risks for developing these cancers were also observed in these workers, but the relative risk for developing NHL [odds ratio (OR) = 4.2] was approximately twice that for developing pancreatic cancer (OR = 2.2) and that for developing leukemia (OR = 1.8). Within the flour mills, the workers who had ever worked in the maintenance department (OR = 8.1) or in the elevator department (OR = 2.8) were at particularly elevated risk of developing NHL, suggesting that exposures in these departments should receive further attention.
Glomerulonephritis Caused by Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Treatment with Recombinant Human Alpha-Interferon
Authors: Mauricio Lisker-Melman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objectives: To assess the efficacy of alpha-interferon therapy in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related glomerulonephritis. Design: Prospective, nonrandomized study. Patients: Five patients with persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA in serum for at least 6 months and histologic changes of chronic hepatitis on liver biopsy as well as persistent proteinuria of greater than 2 g/d and histologic changes of glomerulonephritis on renal biopsy. Interventions: Patients received a 4-month course of recombinant human alpha-interferon (alfa-2b) beginning at a dose of 5 million units administered subcutaneously each day. Results: Serum levels of HBV DNA decreased in all patients and fell to undetectable levels during treatment in four of five patients. In the four responding patients, serum HBeAg disappeared, aminotransferases fell into the normal range, and a follow-up liver biopsy showed an improvement in the hepatocyte necrosis and inflammation. Urine protein excretion also decreased during treatment. In the four responding patients, urine protein excretion gradually fell to less than 1 g/d and serum albumin levels rose into the normal range. Resolution of the biochemical and serologic evidence of chronic hepatitis and glomerulonephritis was accompanied by disappearance of signs and symptoms of liver and kidney disease. Conclusions: A high proportion of patients with HBV-related glomerulonephritis will respond to a 4-month course of alpha-interferon with a clinical, biochemical, and serologic remission.
Detection of Recurrent Copy Number Loss at Yp11.2 Involving <i>TSPY</i> Gene Cluster in Prostate Cancer Using Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Authors: Sapna Vijayakumar, Devon C. Hall, Xavier T. Reveles, Dean A. Troyer, Ian M. Thompson, Dawn Garcia, RuiHua Xiang, Robin J. Leach, Teresa L. Johnson-Pais, Susan L. Naylor
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among American men. The loss of Y chromosome has been frequently observed in primary prostate cancer as well as other types of cancer. Earlier, we showed that introduction of the human Y chromosome suppresses the in vivo tumorigenicity of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3. To further characterize the Y chromosome, we have developed a high-density bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) microarray containing 178 BAC clones from the human Y chromosome. BAC microarray was used for array comparative genomic hybridization on prostate cancer samples and cell lines. The most prominent observation on prostate cancer specimens was a deletion at Yp11.2 containing the TSPY tandem gene array. Out of 36 primary prostate tumors analyzed, 16 (44.4%) samples exhibited loss of TSPY gene copies. Notably, we observed association between the number of TSPY copies in the blood and the incidence of prostate cancer. Moreover, PC-3 hybrids with an intact Yp11.2 did not grow tumors in nude mice, whereas PC-3 hybrids with a deletion at Yp11.2 grew tumors in nude mice.
A Geneticist Looks at Contraception and Abortion
Authors: JOSHUA LEDERBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Article1 September 1967A Geneticist Looks at Contraception and AbortionJOSHUA LEDERBERG, PH.D.JOSHUA LEDERBERG, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-3-25 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe past 15 or 20 years have seen the transmutation of genetics into biochemistry and the emergence of a new science of molecular biology. This discipline has greatly illuminated some of the most fundamental issues of human nature. It inevitably raises questions for that time when we modify the genotypes of human beings by principles already commonplace in the experimental genetics of microorganisms.Originally it had been my intention to discourse on these questions to contemplate how we might be able to cope with the issues that this awful knowledge which man has acquired might bring us. But in contemplating...References WILLIAMS G: The Sanctity of Life and the Criminal Law. Faber & Faber, London, 1958. Google Scholar HARDIN G: Science and ethical values. Quart. Rev. Biol. 41: 47, 1966. CrossrefGoogle Scholar LEDERBERG J: Experimental genetics and human evolution. Bull. Atom. Sci. 22: 4, 1966. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOSHUA LEDERBERG, PH.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byScreening Out Controversy: Human Genetics, Emerging Techniques of Diagnosis, and the Origins of the Social Issues Committee of the American Society of Human Genetics, 1964–1973Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu: Three Faces of Science 1 September 1967Volume 67, Issue 3_Part_2Page: 25-27KeywordsBiochemistryContraceptivesGeneticsMolecular biology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Anterior Pituitary Function in Acromegaly.
Authors: A. M. Lawrence
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Anterior Pituitary Function in Acromegaly.A. M. Lawrence, M.D., Ira D. Goldfine, M.D.A. M. Lawrence, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ira D. Goldfine, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-789_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptComparatively little is known of anterior pituitary function in active and inactive acromegaly. Since 1964, 28 acromegalic patients, 15 active and 13 inactive, have been admitted to the University of Chicago Clinical Research Center, Chicago, Ill., where pituitary function has been evaluated by recognized procedures including protein-bound iodine, T3resin uptake, pre- and post-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) thyroidal iodine uptake, basal metabolic rate, 24-hr urinary bioassayable gonadotrophins, vaginal smear estrogenic index, semen analysis and semen fructose, 24-hr urinary basal and postmetapyrone 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, diurnal and post-pyrogen stimulated plasma corticoids, radioassayed serum growth hormone, serum testosterone, serum thyrotrophin and oral glucose,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcromegaly Treated with ChlorpromazineTHE HYPOTHALAMUS, BRAIN-CATECHOLAMINES, AND DRUG THERAPY FOR GIGANTISM AND ACROMEGALY 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 789-789KeywordsAcromegalyGrowth hormonePlasma proteinsProlactinSemenSerum proteinsTestosteroneThyroid hormonesThyroid-stimulating hormoneTriiodothyronine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Human ACE gene polymorphism and distilled water induced cough
Authors: A. H. Morice, A. J. Turley, T. K. Linton
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) cause a non-productive cough. The insertion/deletion polymorphism of ACE was used as a genetic marker to investigate the relationship between ACE genotype and cough sensitivity. METHODS: A double blind cough challenge was performed in 66 normotensive subjects (34 men) of mean age 34.8 years (range 18-80) using aerosols of distilled water. The number of coughs during the one minute exposure to water was recorded. DNA samples from venous blood were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and resolved on a 1% agarose gel. They were analysed for the presence of a polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene consisting of an insertion (I) or deletion (D) of an Alu repetitive sequence 287 base pairs long. RESULTS: The distribution of genotypes was 20 II, 26 ID, and 20 DD. The cough response was significantly (p &lt; 0.01) related to the ACE genotype, the mean number of coughs being 15.8, 11.3, and 9.6, respectively, in subjects with the II, ID, and DD genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The observation that cough challenge is dependent on ACE genotype in normal subjects is evidence of a link between ACE activity and the cough reflex.
Book Review Technology and Infertility: Clinical, Psychosocial, Legal, and Ethical Aspects Edited by Machelle M. Seibel, Ann A. Kiessling, Judith Bernstein, and Susan R. Levin. 446 pp., illustrated. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1993. $59. 0-387-97793-7
Authors: Irwin E. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Autoimmune connective tissue diseases
Authors: M L Snaith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Reviewsthat electromyography has little to offer in the mangement of spinal disease.Treatments both traditional and unconventional are all extensively reviewed and a lot of common sense advice on the management of neck pain is provided but, as one reads, it becomes very clear that, despite being a frequent source of pain, the cervical spine is a sadly neglected area in the field of research.Conclusion-an excellent browse and a good reference book to have in the department or library.
Ocular Criteria of Riboflavin Deficiency
Authors: M. K. Gregory
Journal: BMJ (1943)

M JBRITISH correction in the other cities in this low mortality group (the first ten), temperature in this case being a factor of minor importance."This subject was further considered by Dr. L. A. Pequegnat, Deputy Medical Officer of Health, Toronto, who presented a paper entitled "The Present Problem in Infant Mortality" to the Academy of Medicine, Toronto.The paper was published in-the.Canadian Public Health Journal (1938, 29, 477).It reproduces a table of Bellows and Reed's.In this paper the rates for Toronto and Vancouver are presented for the years 1930 to 1935.In 1930 and 1935 the infant mortality rate in Toronto was double the Vancouver rate.It would seem, therefore, that the lower rates of Vancouver and Victoria require in their consideration some of the factors studied by Bellows and Reed.That climate alone is not the factor is evidenced by the fact that the rate in Calgary in 1940 was 31.2 and in Edmonton 30.6, in comparison with 25.6 in Vancouver and 28.4 in Victoria.Figures for other cities in Canada are: St. John, N.B. (65% of milk pasteurized), infant mortality rate 55 (1940); Montreal (95% pasteurized), rate 70 (1939) and 58 (1940); Three Rivers, Que.(60% pasteurized), rate 97 (1940).In Ontario all municipal milk supplies were required to be pasteurized in 1938.Data for 1940 give the following infant mortality rates: Hamilton 33, London 36, Kitchener 37, Ottawa 49.From these rates it is evident that neither climate nor pasteurization of milk gives an answer to the differences in rates.The larger number of deaths due to prematurity, etc., is an important factor.
FAM83B mediates EGFR- and RAS-driven oncogenic transformation
Authors: Rocky Cipriano, James Graham, Kristy L.S. Miskimen, Benjamin L. Bryson, Ronald C. Bruntz, Sarah A. Scott, H. Alex Brown, George R. Stark, Mark W. Jackson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Aberrant regulation of growth signaling is a hallmark of cancer development that often occurs through the constitutive activation of growth factor receptors or their downstream effectors. Using validation-based insertional mutagenesis (VBIM), we identified family with sequence similarity 83, member B (FAM83B), based on its ability to substitute for RAS in the transformation of immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). We found that FAM83B coprecipitated with a downstream effector of RAS, CRAF. Binding of FAM83B with CRAF disrupted CRAF/14-3-3 interactions and increased CRAF membrane localization, resulting in elevated MAPK and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Ablation of FAM83B inhibited the proliferation and malignant phenotype of tumor-derived cells or RAS-transformed HMECs, implicating FAM83B as a key intermediary in EGFR/RAS/MAPK signaling. Analysis of human tumor specimens revealed that FAM83B expression was significantly elevated in cancer and was associated with specific cancer subtypes, increased tumor grade, and decreased overall survival. Cumulatively, these results suggest that FAM83B is an oncogene and potentially represents a new target for therapeutic intervention.
Experimental Investigations of Bodily Perception in Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity
Authors: P.D. Slade, G.F.M. Russell
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

Patients suffering from anorexia nervosa often display extreme concern over their physical size and weight. Observers have noted that this tendency, variously described and interpreted, may reach delusional proportions in some patients. In this paper a technique is described for obtaining a fairly direct and objective measurement of body image perception. The results of a series of studies on anorexia nervosa and obese patients are described and their possible implications discussed.
Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus–infected natural killer lymphocytes in a patient with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites
Authors: Takenobu Yamamoto, Kazuyasu Fujii, Kazuhide Tsuji, Ayumi Akazai, Megumi Oda, Shosuke Imai, Keiji Iwatsuki
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)