tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with intermittent chlorambucil and fluocortolone therapy
Authors: E.A. Coors, P. von Den Driesch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background. Erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) including Sézary syndrome have been successfully treated with daily administration of chlorambucil and prednisone (Winkelmann regimen). Objectives. Our purpose was to determine the efficacy and safety of a low-dose pulse chemotherapy with chlorambucil and fluocortolone in this stage of the disease. Fluocortolone has the same potency as prednisone but lacks a mineralocorticoid effect. Patients/methods. Thirteen patients with erythrodermic CTCL (stages III–IVb) were treated with chlorambucil and fluocortolone therapy (chlorambucil 10–12 mg day−1 for 3 days and fluocortolone, first day 75 mg, second day 50 mg and third day 25 mg) as primary therapy in an uncontrolled pilot study. Treatment was started with pulses every 2 weeks; subsequently, the intervals were prolonged according to the clinical status. Clinical outcome, side-effects and long-term survival were assessed. Results. Seven patients achieved a complete remission and six had a partial response (improved significantly). The mean duration of remissions was 16·5 (median 12) months. The mean number of cycles necessary during the first year was one cycle every 5 weeks. No treatment-related severe side-effects occurred. The long-term follow-up (mean 31·5, median 27 months) showed that six patients remained in complete remission and three showed a stable partial remission. Four patients died, two of them from their lymphoma. Conclusions. We conclude that pulse chemotherapy with chlorambucil and fluocortolone is effective and safe in the treatment of erythrodermic CTCL and should be considered as an alternative to the classical Winkelmann treatment scheme.
Neural Bases of Violence and Aggression
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Readers ofThe Journalmay recall the series of articles by Virginia Snodgrass (225:913, 1035, 1973) on the arguments over the benefits and ethics of psychosurgery, a type of operation which Breggin, in this book, defines as one "which mutilates or destroys brain tissue to control the emotions or behavior without treating a known brain disease." This pejorative definition colors the presentations by those opposed to such surgery at the Houston Neurological Symposium on Violence and Aggression held in March 1972. These self-invited participants cast a pall over the entire meeting, although only a small part (IV) dealt with the role of the neurosurgeon in control of violence and aggression. Part I contains material on anatomy and physiology of aggressive behavior. Part II considers evolution of aggressive behavior in primates, modification and production of aggression by brain lesions, and a physiological model of aggression. Of more interest to clinicians is
Progress in Gastroenterology
Authors: William H. Bachrach
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —While browsing through a back issue ofThe Journal, I encountered this query by a Texas physician: "Is there any possibility that the development of a duodenal ulcer could be caused or contributed to by previous biliary tract disease, or biliary tract surgery?" (<i>JAMA</i><b>168:</b>2080 [Dec 13] 1958). I wrote to the doctor, suggesting that if his case fitted the criteria necessary to permit a diagnosis of duodenal ulcer resulting from biliary tract disease, I should be much interested in receiving a report of the details. In his reply, the doctor said that he posed his question because an insurance company had refused to pay a claim for treatment of duodenal ulcer to a patient whose policy contained a waiver excluding biliary tract disease, "because the company regarded the duodenum as an integral part of the biliary system." A letter to him signed by the vice-president
Errors in administration of parenteral drugs in intensive care units: multinational prospective study
Authors: Andreas Valentin, Maurizia Capuzzo, Bertrand Guidet, Rui Moreno, Barbara Metnitz, Peter Bauer, Philipp Metnitz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To assess on a multinational level the frequency, characteristics, contributing factors, and preventive measures of administration errors in parenteral medication in intensive care units. <b>Design</b> Observational, prospective, 24 hour cross sectional study with self reporting by staff. <b>Setting</b> 113 intensive care units in 27 countries. <b>Participants</b> 1328 adults in intensive care. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Number of errors; impact of errors; distribution of error characteristics; distribution of contributing and preventive factors. <b>Results</b> 861 errors affecting 441 patients were reported: 74.5 (95% confidence interval 69.5 to 79.4) events per 100 patient days. Three quarters of the errors were classified as errors of omission. Twelve patients (0.9% of the study population) experienced permanent harm or died because of medication errors at the administration stage. In a multiple logistic regression with patients as the unit of analysis, odds ratios for the occurrence of at least one parenteral medication error were raised for number of organ failures (odds ratio per increase of one organ failure: 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.34); use of any intravenous medication (yes <i>v</i> no: 2.73, 1.39 to 5.36); number of parenteral administrations (per increase of one parenteral administration: 1.06, 1.04 to 1.08); typical interventions in patients in intensive care (yes <i>v</i> no: 1.50, 1.14 to 1.96); larger intensive care unit (per increase of one bed: 1.01, 1.00 to 1.02); number of patients per nurse (per increase of one patient: 1.30, 1.03 to 1.64); and occupancy rate (per 10% increase: 1.03, 1.00 to 1.05). Odds ratios for the occurrence of parenteral medication errors were decreased for presence of basic monitoring (yes <i>v</i> no: 0.19, 0.07 to 0.49); an existing critical incident reporting system (yes <i>v</i> no: 0.69, 0.53 to 0.90); an established routine of checks at nurses' shift change (yes <i>v</i> no: 0.68, 0.52 to 0.90); and an increased ratio of patient turnover to the size of the unit (per increase of one patient: 0.73, 0.57 to 0.93). <b>Conclusions</b> Parenteral medication errors at the administration stage are common and a serious safety problem in intensive care units. With the increasing complexity of care in critically ill patients, organisational factors such as error reporting systems and routine checks can reduce the risk for such errors.
The use and abuse of developmental data
Authors: R. Glenn Northcutt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Structural similarity is helpful in recognizing homologous structures, but it does not define them. Such structures must also have phylogenetic continuity, a criterion that is ignored by Aboitiz et al. and by proponents of “field homology.” “Similar” structures, as well as “field homologues” from “the same” embryonic field, are not necessarily homologous, and an outgroup analysis of developmental stages should be performed to establish homologies.
Extension of Squamous Epithelium into the Proximal Stomach: A Newly Recognized Mucosal Abnormality
Authors: R. Fass, R. Sampliner
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The presence of squamous epithelium in the stomach has been rarely noted in the past with only sporadic case reports of squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach and a variety of other pathological processes. We report the documentation, over a period of 9 months, of squamous epithelium extending beyond the esophagogastric junction and into the proximal stomach in 16 patients who underwent upper endoscopy.This newly recognized mucosal abnormality was systematically identified by both antegrade and retrograde views of the esophagogastric junction during routine upper endoscopy. Other associated mucosal abnormalities were also evaluated (Barrett's esophagus, erosive esophagitis, etc.). Biopsies were obtained from the distal esophagus, cardia, antrum and the squamous extension. Additionally, all patients underwent a detailed interview.Of the patients, 14 were Caucasian and two Hispanic; all were males, with a mean age 61.2+/-4.2. Indications for upper endoscopy included dysphagia, Barrett's esophagus surveillance, failure of antireflux treatment and anemia. Heartburn was reported by 12 patients (75%). None of the patients reported a history of corrosive injury, foreign body ingestion or surgery. A total of 12 patients had a solitary tongue of squamous cell extension, three had two tongues and in addition, two had squamous islands. Hiatal hernia was present in all patients, Barrett's esophagus in six (37.5 %), and esophageal stricture in four.Squamous cell extension into the proximal stomach is a newly recognized mucosal abnormality with presently unknown clinical significance. This mucosal abnormality may represent an esophageal mucosal response to proximal gastric injury.
AIDS' Economic, Political Aspects Become as Global as Medical Problem
Authors: John F. Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1988)

ALTHOUGH acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a medical problem that is finding its way into even the remotest corners of the world, its economic, political, and social ramifications are assuming their own global dimensions. That is the conclusion of many experts as the Fourth International Conference on AIDS draws to a close in Stockholm, and in the aftermath of the First International Conference on the Global Impact of AIDS held earlier this year in London. Cosponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, the London gathering attracted some 1300 delegates from more than 60 countries. They represented developed and developing nations, and most participants seemed to agree that it is in the latter areas where the multifaceted dimensions of AIDS problems seem to loom most dramatically. Jonathan Mann, MD, of the WHO reported that, as of March 1, the Switzerland-based (Geneva) United
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of the influenza hemagglutinin gene product expressed by DNA-mediated gene transfer.
Authors: T J Braciale, V L Braciale, T J Henkel, J Sambrook, M J Gething
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

We have used the technique of DNA-mediated gene transfer to examine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition of the product of the cloned A/JAPAN/305/57 hemagglutinin (HA) gene in murine (L929) cells. Using both heterogeneous and homogeneous (clonal) populations of type A influenza-specific CTL, we have demonstrated that the HA molecule can serve as a target antigen for both the subtype-specific and the cross-reactive subpopulations of influenza-specific CTL. Our results also raise the possibility that other virus-specified polypeptides may serve as target molecules for cross-reactive CTL.
Multiparametric optical analysis of mitochondrial redox signals during neuronal physiology and pathology in vivo
Authors: Michael O Breckwoldt, Franz M J Pfister, Peter M Bradley, Petar Marinković, Philip R Williams, Monika S Brill, Barbara Plomer, Anja Schmalz, Daret K St Clair, Ronald Naumann, Oliver Griesbeck, Markus Schwarzländer, Leanne Godinho, Florence M Bareyre, Tobias P Dick, Martin Kerschensteiner, Thomas Misgeld
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Danazol and Hemophilia
Authors: William E. Hathaway
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Danazol is a 2,3-isoxazol derivative of 17 α-ethinyl testosterone; it is known to be an anabolic steroid with mild androgenic activity. The administration of the drug is associated with raised plasma levels of several proteins including prealbumin, haptoglobulin, transferrin, antithrombin III, prothrombin, plasminogen, α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin, and Cl esterase inhibitor.<sup>1,2</sup>Last year Gralnick and Rick<sup>1</sup>reported evidence that danazol was associated with increased levels of factor VIIIc and factor IX and decreased transfusion requirements in patients with hemophilia. Subsequent studies by Gralnick and associates<sup>4</sup>as well as other studies by Garewal et al<sup>5</sup>are reported in this issue ofThe Journaland form the basis for this commentary. The readers of the aforementioned articles are faced with a dilemma in judging the usefulness of danazol in management of hemophilia patients. Gralnick et al report on three of their initial patients plus eight French patients with hemophilia A.
Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in Congenital Cystic Dilatation of Biliary Tract
Authors: A K PADHY, P G GOPINATH, A K BASU, P UPADHYAY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Six preoperative and five postoperative hepatobiliary scans in children having cystic dilatation of the biliary tract were analyzed. The preoperative hepatobiliary scans revealed three distinct patterns. The type 1 pattern showed, in early scans, good hepatic uptake of radioactivity, and photon deficient area(s) around the porta hepatis or in the subhepatic region. These area(s) showed progressive accumulation of radio activity in the delayed scans. The type 2 pattern revealed poor hepatic uptake, nonvisualization of major biliary channels, and photon deficient area(s) in the porta hepatis or subhepatic region which persisted throughout the study. Preoperatively, it was possible to diagnose cystic dilatation of biliary tract in cases that showed type 1 and type 2 patterns. No preoperative diagnosis was possible when the scans snowed a type 3 pattern. Analysis of results revealed a correct pre-operative diagnostic rate of 83.3% for the cystic dilatation of biliary tract. It was also possible to provide correct functional information regarding the patency of the bile outflow tract in all 11 cases, both pre- and postoperatively, with a diagnostic rate of 100%. On the basis of the overall accuracy of results obtained in this series, hepatobiliary scintigraphy is strongly adovcated in suspected cases of cystic dilatation of the biliary tract for the initial diagnosis and for the assessment of the status of the bilioenteric bypass postoperatively.
Management of Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Hensin Tsao, Michael B. Atkins, Arthur J. Sober
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Cutaneous melanoma remains a management challenge. This year an estimated 55,000 Americans will receive a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma, and 7900 will die from the disease. The authors of this review discuss the pathogenesis and management of cutaneous melanoma and provide perspective on treatment options.
Effect of Digital Rectal Examination and Flexible Cystoscopy on Free and Total Prostate-Specific Antigen, and the Percentage of Free Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: F.I. Rodr&iacute;guez-Rubio, J.E. Robles, A. Gonz&aacute;lez, J. Arocena, G. Sanz, F. D&iacute;ez-Caballero, A. Mart&iacute;n-Marquina, J.M. Beri&aacute;n
Journal: European Urology (1998)
SOME ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS OF THE FAUCIAL TONSIL.
Authors: J. GORDON WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> In the true pharynx—that is, posterior to the tongue —there exists a more or less continuous ring of lymph follicles with their accompanying lymphatic vessels, differing in macroscopic but similar in microscopic appearance, generally called Waldeyer's ring. Beginning in the posterior pharyngeal wall as the pharyngeal tonsil, this ring passes to the follicular tissue in the pharyngeal recess, Rosenmüller's fossa, thence around the pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube to the soft palate, and along the posterior pillar of the fauces to the palatine tonsil, which is connected with its fellow by the mass of follicular tissue at the base of the tongue, the so-called lingual tonsil. From this ring, lymphatic prolongations of varying extent pass off into the nasal fossæ, to the epiglottis and to the larynx. This ring exists as: More or less irregular masses—as in the soft palate. Continuous layers at the base of tongue
MRI Findings and Cerebral Palsy—Reply
Authors: Michael E. Msall
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P5-18-10: Chemotherapy can enhance trastuzumab-mediated ADCC
Authors: E Tagliabue, L Sfondrini, V Regondi, P Casalini, SM Pupa, M Sommariva, A Balsari, T Triulzi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Trastuzumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed to the HER2 protein, has shown survival benefits in women with HER2-positive breast cancer, and treatment is now FDA-approved in combination with chemotherapy. However, some patients do not respond clinically to trastuzumab, pointing to the need for further definition of trastuzumab killing activity on tumor cells to optimize this therapy. Recent clinical data indicate a synergistic therapeutic effect between trastuzumab and taxanes in HER2-positive breast cancer patients, but the mechanism(s) underlying this synergy remains unclear. Because drug-stressed cells can dynamically regulate factors that favor activity of immune effector cells, and because trastuzumab-mediated ADCC is crucially dependent on NK cell activity, we hypothesize that this synergy reflects enhanced trastuzumab-mediated ADCC on tumor cells due to improved rather than impaired participation of immune effectors resulting from drug-induced stress. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast carcinoma models on NK receptor ligands and correlated the changes in these molecules with the ability of trastuzumab to mediate ADCC. Flow cytometry revealed a 4-fold upmodulated surface expression of NKG2D (MICA, MICB, ULBP1, ULBP2) and DNAM-1 (CD112 and CD155) ligands in HER2-positive breast carcinoma cell lines BT474 and MDA-MB-361 treated for 6 hr with taxotere at a 72-hr IC50 dose, consistent with results of Western blot analysis using soluble lysates obtained from chemotherapy-treated HER2-positive breast carcinoma xenografts. The enhanced expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands in breast carcinoma cells was accompanied by about a 50% increase in trastuzumab-mediated in vitro ADCC in chemotherapy-treated versus untreated cells. Antibodies blocking NKG2D and DNAM-1, but not control monoclonal antibody, abolished the chemotherapy-induced increase of in vitro trastuzumab-dependent ADCC. Increased expression of NK ligands in taxotere-treated BT474 cells was associated with cytoskeletal damage assessed by confocal microscopy; at 72 hr after chemotherapy, NK ligands returned to basal levels, pointing to the importance of duration of NK ligand enhancement for the chemotherapy-induced trastuzumab-mediated ADCC. Together, our results indicate that chemotherapy can modulate expression levels of NK-activating ligands on human breast carcinoma cells in correlation with trastuzumab-mediated ADCC, raising the possibility of identifying optimal chemotherapy administration schedules to maximize activity of trastuzumab-mediated ADCC effectors. (Partially supported by AIRC) Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-10.
Buffer agents do not reverse intramyocardial acidosis during cardiac resuscitation.
Authors: F Kette, M H Weil, M von Planta, R J Gazmuri, E C Rackow
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We investigated the effects of carbon dioxide-producing and carbon dioxide-consuming buffers on intramyocardial pH and on cardiac resuscitability. In 29 pigs, intramyocardial pH was continuously measured with a glass electrode advanced into the midmyocardium of the posterior left ventricle through a diaphragmatic window. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced by alternating current applied to the epicardium of the left ventricle. After 3 minutes of VF, precordial compression was begun and continued for an interval of 8 minutes. Sodium bicarbonate (a carbon dioxide-generating buffer), Carbicarb (a carbon dioxide-consuming buffer), and hypertonic sodium chloride (control solution) were infused into the right atrium during cardiac resuscitation. Defibrillation was attempted by transthoracic direct-current shock after 11 minutes of VF. Intramyocardial pH progressively decreased from an average value of 7.26 before VF to 6.87 before infusion of buffers. Systemic circulation and great cardiac vein pH significantly increased after administration of the two buffer agents. However, intramyocardial pH continued to decline to an average of 6.62 after 11 minutes of VF, and this decline was not altered by either buffer solution or by the saline control. As in previous studies, resuscitability was closely related to coronary perfusion pressure at the time of direct-current countershock but not to pH. Accordingly, the rationale of reversing acidosis by the administration of these buffer agents is not supported. Even more important, neither carbon dioxide-consuming nor carbon dioxide-producing buffers altered myocardial acidosis or improved myocardial resuscitability under controlled experimental conditions of cardiac arrest.
Isolation and characterization of conditionally immortalized mouse glomerular endothelial cell lines
Authors: Angelique L. Rops, Johan Van Der Vlag, Cor W. Jacobs, Henry B. Dijkman, Joost F. Lensen, Tessa J. Wijnhoven, Lambert P. Van Den Heuvel, Toin H. Van Kuppevelt, Jo H. Berden
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Controlled delivery of antibodies against leukocyte adhesion molecules from polymer matrices
Authors: Maria R. Parkhurst, W.Mark Saltzman
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1996)

The interaction between infected leukocytes and mucosal epithelia is likely to play a critical role in the sexual transmission of certain diseases. It may be possible to prevent the transmission of intracellular pathogens by inhibiting leukocyte-epithelial interactions. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against leukocyte adhesion receptors can provide specific and potent inhibition of leukocyte-epithelial interactions, but systemic delivery of such MAbs is not desirable; therefore, a new method for local delivery of anti-adhesion MAbs to an exposed mucosal surface was developed using polymeric controlled-release devices. To evaluate the prophylactic potential of MAbs, leukocyte adhesion to the apical surface of a monolayer of T84 cells was examined in the presence of MAbs against human leukocyte surface proteins. MAbs against the MAC-1 adhesion receptor inhibited neutrophil attachment to T84 cells by as much as 97%. MAbs against murine leukocyte receptors were produced from several hybridomas and incorporated into poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVAc) devices. During incubation in buffered saline, small polymer discs continuously released active MAbs for 10 days. After insertion into the vaginal canals of mice, these polymer disks produced high levels of anti-MAC-1 MAb for several days. Polymeric controlled-release devices provide a new technique for using MAbs against adhesion receptors as a means of long-term, localized sexually transmitted disease (STD) prophylaxis.