tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transtracheal Aspiration in Diagnosis of Sputum-Smear—Negative Tuberculosis
Authors: Haragopal Thadepalli
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Of 4,200 patients admitted to an acute-care county hospital, 126 (3%) were proved to have pulmonary tuberculosis, among whom 35 (28%) had several sputum smears negative for acid-fast bacilli. On transtracheal aspiration, 31 to 35 had acid-fast bacilli in the aspirate. Eighteen of these 35 (51%) patients had associated infections caused by aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. Tuberculin skin tests were negative in 14 of 35 patients with negative sputum specimens (40%). Ten of 18 patients (56%) with associated bacterial infections had negative skin tests to purified protein derivative. Smear and culture of transtracheal aspirate for tubercle bacilli may be invaluable in establishing the diagnosis when pulmonary tuberculosis is suspected.
Postoperative Ulnar Neuropathy-Reply
Authors: John F. Aita
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The comments of Drs Mawk and Thienprasit are appreciated. Other factors contributing to postoperative left ulnar nerve compression neuropathy, besides position and time, include low pulse pressure, the depth of the ulnar groove-cubital tunnel, and the anatomy of the ulnar groove-cubital tunnel. The low pulse pressure that occurs during open heart surgery results in decreased perfusion generally and particularly to the already compressed ulnar nerve at the level of the ulnar groove-cubital tunnel. Local ischemia, which is the basic underlying pathological mechanism, may be worsened by the low pulse pressure and resultant decreased systemic vascular perfusion that accompanies open heart surgery. During the early 1960s at the University of Nebraska Medical College, a study of 100 cadavers undertaken to measure the depth of the ulnar groove-cubital tunnel found that the depth depended on the height of the medial epicondyle. It was reasoned that the ulnar nerve would be
Physiological characteristics of Malaysian national elite and subelite taekwondo athletes
Authors: W J Tey, V K W Kwong, D Rassiah, C H Ooi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

This study sought to examine a selected physiological profile of Malaysian national elite and subelite taekwondo athletes. Subjects were 33 elite (16 males, 22±3 years; 17 females, 23±3 years) and 36 subelite (20 males, 18±2 years; 16 females, 18±2 years) taekwondo athletes. They were tested for vertical and broad jumps performance, maximal running speed, shuttle run performance and muscular strength using a standard physiological test battery. Height (male: 175±5 cm vs 175±7 cm; female: 163±7 cm vs 160±6 cm) and mass (male: 67.7±9.6 kg vs 64.7±10.0 kg; female: 59.9±11.0 kg vs 55.1±9.4 kg) were not different between the elite and subelite groups. Performance in countermovement jump (male: 42.0±6.4 cm vs 36.1±4.4 cm; female: 32.0±3.5 cm vs 28.8±4.3 cm), 20-m maximal sprint (male: 3.08±0.08 s vs 3.26±0.12 s; female: 3.48±0.12 s vs 3.73±0.12 s), 20-m multistage shuttle run (male: 107±17 shuttles vs 82±18 shuttles; female: 79±13 shuttles vs 61±20 shuttles), 5-m multiple shuttle test (male: 726±21 m vs 654±41 m; female: 638±33 m vs 588±44 m) and predicted 1 RM bench press (male: 61±10 kg vs 49±0 kg; female: 45±13 kg vs 31±2 kg) were significantly better in elite than subelite (p&lt;0.05). Elite male and female taekwondo athletes were able to jump higher or further, move faster with better aerobic and anaerobic fitness as well as greater upper body strength, when compared to their subelite counterparts. It is unknown whether a superior physiological fitness may be relevant to success in taekwondo performance at elite level. However, a better physical condition in elite taekwondo athletes in the present study could be the result of training adaptation with the fact that the elite taekwondo athletes were 4-5 years older than subelite ones.
Chemical and immunological characterization of a basement membrane-like glycoprotein in the rat.
Authors: R M McIntosh, H Kihara, C Kulvinskas, D B Kaufman, S R Wong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

Two glycoproteins have been isolated from mammalian glomerular basement membrane.One is collagen-like rich in hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, and carbohydrate; the other lacks these two amino acids (Kefalides, 1966).The chemical composition of basement membranes have been studied exten- sively (Chow and Drummond, 1969; Kefalides, 1968; Kefalides, 1969; Kefalides and Winzler, 1966; Misra and Kalant, 1966; Spiro, 1967a, b).A glucosyl galactosyl disaccharide linked glycosidically to hydroxylysine and a heteropolysaccharide containing hexosamine, mannose, galactose, fucose, and sialic acid have been isolated from glomerular basement membrane (GBM) (Dische, Pappas, Grauer, and Dische, 1965; Spiro, 1967a, b).The role of anti-GBM antibodies in renal disease is well recognized (Lerner, Glassock, and Dixon, 1967; McPhaul and Dixon, 1970).The isolation of GBM fragments in the urine of man (McPhaul and Dixon, 1969) and experimental animals (Lerner and Dixon, 1968) and the increase of these with immuno- logical injury (Hawkins and Cochrane, 1968) has been well documented.Glomerulonephritis has been produced with homologous and autologous solubi- lized GBM (Steblay, 1962), GBM glycoproteins (Dinh and Brassard, 1967; Shibata, Miyakawa, Naruse, Nagasawa, and Takuma, 1969), and urinary GBM fragnents (Pollak, Galzutis, and Rezaian, 1968).Dinh and Brassard (1967) showed that the major urinary protein (MUP) in rats produced glomerulo- nephritis after serial immunization.The purpose of this study was to isolate, purify and characterize this protein and to compare it with GBM glycoproteins. Material and methods(1) Isolation and purification of urinary glycoprotein Pooled urine obtained from 200 g.Sprague-Dawley rats was filtered througlh Whatman No. 1 paper and centri- fuged at 1,500 r.p.m. for 30 min and the supernate was
Prognosis in adult indolent systemic mastocytosis: A long-term study of the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis in a series of 145 patients
Authors: Luis Escribano, Iván Álvarez-Twose, Laura Sánchez-Muñoz, Andres Garcia-Montero, Rosa Núñez, Julia Almeida, Maria Jara-Acevedo, Cristina Teodósio, Mónica García-Cosío, Carmen Bellas, Alberto Orfao
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Updates from the British Association of Dermatologists 82nd Annual Meeting, 9-12 July 2002, Edinburgh, U.K.
Authors: D.J. Eedy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

The objective of this article is to provide a synopsis of the main research and clinical findings presented at the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) Meeting held on 9–12 July 2002, Edinburgh, U.K. The conference reflected the progress that has been made in understanding the increasing biological, epidemiological and therapeutic advances that have been made recently in the field of dermatology. The more important advances or summaries are highlighted by the author, but this is not meant to be substitute for reading the conference proceedings and the related references quoted in this article. The 82nd Annual Meeting of the BAD ‘kicked off’, appropriately for a Scottish venue, with a highly lucid overview by Prof. Rona MacKie, of new findings from the melanoma group in Scotland. In a study looking at 8830 melanomas diagnosed in Scotland between 1979 and 1998, it was noted that for men there had been a 300% increase and for women a 187% increase in the incidence of melanoma.1 The rate of increase had been greatest in the 1980s but had slowed in the 1990s. For men, lesions on the trunk rose most sharply, while for women the rise was greatest on the leg. For both sexes the rise was greatest in tumours < 1·5 mm thick. Mortality for melanoma over the study period showed no significant rise for men and a small decrease for women. The relative survival rates have improved, when compared with other cancers.
What's in a disease name?
Authors: E. Sprecher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

An anniversary always provides some opportunity for reflection on what has been done so far and how it could be done better in the future. Naming is at the core of our daily practice. Looking at the hundreds of studies published by the BJD over the past 125 years, it is clear that naming is also central to much of what we write about the diseases we diagnose and treat. Giving a name to their ailment is what our patients expect from us; this is also what we are aiming at because diagnosis is key to proper treatment design. At first, it may seem that there is nothing more trivial than naming things, people or… diseases… After all, this is something we all do on a daily basis from an early age. However, naming can be a complex process, and occasionally the source of much confusion. The terms ‘mouse’ or ‘mailbox’ are nowadays used more often to designate electronic and quasi‐virtual entities rather than a small mammal or a familiar reddish box ornamenting the entrance to our houses. Words very often carry much more than their primary meaning. In fact, the more they carry, the more confusing they can be. And what is true of daily words is, of course, also true of disease names, which is why the more we know about a disease, its clinical spectrum of manifestations or its pathogenesis, the more difficult it is to give it a single, unequivocal and clinically useful name. And as diagnosis is all about giving a name to a constellation of clinical features, novel and quite dramatic advances in our understanding of the biological basis of diseases are paradoxically threatening the very foundations of the diagnostic process.
Anterograde C1ql1 Signaling Is Required in Order to Determine and Maintain a Single-Winner Climbing Fiber in the Mouse Cerebellum
Authors: Wataru Kakegawa, Nikolaos Mitakidis, Eriko Miura, Manabu Abe, Keiko Matsuda, Yukari H. Takeo, Kazuhisa Kohda, Junko Motohashi, Akiyo Takahashi, Soichi Nagao, Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Masahiko Watanabe, Kenji Sakimura, A. Radu Aricescu, Michisuke Yuzaki
Journal: Neuron (2015)
CHRONIC STENOSIS OF THE LARYNX WITH FIVE ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.
Authors: WILLIAM S. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

I reported a case of prolapse of the laryngeal ventricle in the<i>Medical News</i>, Feb. 2, 1895, which presented at intervals marked symptoms of stenosis, the dyspnea at such times being very severe. Since that time, a number of cases of chronic stenosis, due to different causes, have come under my care, and I hope that a short history of some of these may prove both interesting and instructive. Any cause acting either from within or from without which lessens the lumen of the larynx, will produce the symptoms of stricture, and so long as the cause is active there will be actual constriction. The condition may be acute or chronic, according to the length of time the process has been present and active, but the ultimate symptoms of the two varieties are the same, and the gravity of the symptoms is always dependent upon the severity of the lesion
Prognosis in obesity: Older people should not be misinformed about being overweight
Authors: Renuka Visvanathan, Ian Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

When neurons undergo dramatic shape and volume changes, how is surface area adjusted appropriately? The membrane tension hypothesis—namely that high tensions favor recruitment of membrane to the surface whereas low tensions favor retrieval—provides a simple conceptual framework for surface area homeostasis. With membrane tension and area in a feedback loop, tension extremes may be averted even during excessive mechanical load variations. We tested this by measuring apparent membrane tension of swelling and shrinking<i>Lymnaea</i> neurons. With hypotonic medium (50%), tension that was calculated from membrane tether forces increased from 0.04 to as much as 0.4 mN/m, although at steady state, swollen-cell tension (0.12 mN/m) exceeded controls only threefold. On reshrinking in isotonic medium, tension reduced to 0.02 mN/m, and at the substratum, membrane invaginated, creating transient vacuole-like dilations. Swelling increased membrane tension with or without BAPTA chelating cytoplasmic Ca<sup>2+</sup>, but with BAPTA, unmeasurably large (although not lytic) tension surges occurred in approximately two-thirds of neurons. Furthermore, in unarborized neurons voltage-clamped by perforated-patch in 50% medium, membrane capacitance increased 8%, which is indicative of increasing membrane area. The relatively damped swelling–tension responses of<i>Lymnaea</i> neurons (no BAPTA) were consistent with feedback regulation. BAPTA did not alter resting membrane tension, but the large surges during swelling of BAPTA-loaded neurons demonstrated that 50% medium was inherently treacherous and that tension regulation was impaired by subnormal cytoplasmic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]. However, neurons did survive tension surges in the absence of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling. The mechanism to avoid high-tension rupture may be the direct tension-driven recruitment of membrane stores.
Crucial Role of Interleukin-4 in the Survival of Colon Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Maria Giovanna Francipane, Mileidys Perez Alea, Ylenia Lombardo, Matilde Todaro, J.P. Medema, Giorgio Stassi
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Colon tumors may be maintained by a rare fraction of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) that express the cell surface marker CD133. Self-renewing CSCs exhibit relatively greater resistance to clinical cytotoxic therapies and recent work suggests that this resistance may be mediated in part by an autocrine response to the immune cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4). Blocking IL-4 signaling can sensitize CSCs to apoptotic stimuli and increase the in vivo efficacy of cytotoxic therapy. These findings suggest that inhibitors of IL-4 signaling may offer a new therapeutic tool in colon carcinoma. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4022–5]
DOES ISCHEMIC ECG CHANGES ON ADMISSION PREDICTS ADVERSE OUTCOMES FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENT?
Authors: Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Seung Woon Rha, Meera Kumari, Ji Y. Park, Byoung G. Choi, Yun K. Kim, Cheol U. Choi, Jin O. Na, Hong E. Lim, Jin W. Kim, Eung J. Kim, Chang G. Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong J. Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Elsewhere reviews. Interferon signalling through arachidonic acid-dependent pathways: A clue to adjuvant therapy for chronic viral hepatitis?
Authors: Gordon Baskin
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Molecular mechanisms that mediate signal transduction by growth inhibitory cytokines are poorly understood. Type I (α and β) interferons (IFNs) are potent growth inhibitory cytokines whose biological activities depend on induced changes in gene expression. IFN-α induced transient activation of phospholipase A 2 in 3T3 fibroblasts and rapid hydrolysis of [3H]-arachidonic acid (AA) from prelabeled phospholipid pools. The phospholipase inhibitor, bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), specifically blocked IFN-induced binding of nuclear factors to a conserved, IFN-regulated enhancer element, the interferonstimulated response element (ISRE). BPB also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of IFN-α-stimulated ISRE-dependent transcription in transient transfection assays. Specific inhibition of AA oxidation by eicosatetraynoic acid prevented IFN-α induction of factors binding to ISRE. Treatment of intact cells with inhibitors of fatty acid cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase enzymes resulted in amplification of IFN-α-induced ISRE binding and gene expression. Thus, IFN-α receptor-coupled AA hydrolysis may function in activation of latent factors by IFN-α and provides a system for studying the role of AA metabolism in transduction of growth inhibitory signals.
Sleep and Hypertension
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RBP4 Disrupts Vitamin A Uptake Homeostasis in a STRA6-Deficient Animal Model for Matthew-Wood Syndrome
Authors: Andrea Isken, Marcin Golczak, Vitus Oberhauser, Silke Hunzelmann, Wolfgang Driever, Yoshikazu Imanishi, Krzysztof Palczewski, Johannes von Lintig
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
Authors' reply to de Oliveira and Iverson
Authors: T. Vilsboll, M. Christensen, A. E. Junker, F. K. Knop, L. L. Gluud
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We found that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists suppress appetite and lead to clinically beneficial weight loss, improved glycaemic control (in patients with type 2 diabetes), and reduced blood pressure and cholesterol values over 20 weeks1—clinically relevant treatment results.2 The effect is sustained for up to two years in most patients.3 Several large cardiovascular outcome trials, each of up …
Actions of Levodopa and Dopamine in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Theodore L. Sourkes
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In 1958, Carlsson<sup>1</sup>suggested that dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine; 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is intimately involved in the control of motor functions. This view has since been amply supported by neurochemical, pharmacological, and neurological evidence. The role of dopamine was deduced in the first place from its high concentrations in the basal ganglia of the brain and certain associated structures. This pointed to some independent physiological activity of the amine in the brain. Dopamine has weak pharmacodynamic actions in biological assay systems devised originally to study the actions of norepinephrine and epinephrine, and this fact seemed to exclude it from any important role peripherally, except as a biochemical intermediate. In 1961, initial clinical trials of the acute effects of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease in Montreal<sup>2</sup>and Vienna<sup>3</sup>revealed the potent neuropharmacological actions of this amino acid, fully demonstrated in 1967 by Cotzias and his colleagues. Developments in the biological and
Chemical Inhibition of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Induces Growth Arrest and Cytotoxicity Selectively in Cancer Cells
Authors: Annelies Beckers, Sophie Organe, Leen Timmermans, Katryn Scheys, Annelies Peeters, Koen Brusselmans, Guido Verhoeven, Johannes V. Swinnen
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Development and progression of cancer is accompanied by marked changes in the expression and activity of enzymes involved in the cellular homeostasis of fatty acids. One class of enzymes that play a particularly important role in this process are the acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACC). ACCs produce malonyl-CoA, an intermediate metabolite that functions as substrate for fatty acid synthesis and as negative regulator of fatty acid oxidation. Here, using the potent ACC inhibitor soraphen A, a macrocyclic polyketide from myxobacteria, we show that ACC activity in cancer cells is essential for proliferation and survival. Even at nanomolar concentrations, soraphen A can block fatty acid synthesis and stimulate fatty acid oxidation in LNCaP and PC-3M prostate cancer cells. As a result, the phospholipid content of cancer cells decreased, and cells stopped proliferating and ultimately died. LNCaP cells predominantly died through apoptosis, whereas PC-3M cells showed signs of autophagy. Supplementation of the culture medium with exogenous palmitic acid completely abolished the effects of soraphen A and rescued the cells from cell death. Interestingly, when added to cultures of premalignant BPH-1 cells, soraphen A only slightly affected cell proliferation and did not induce cell death. Together, these findings indicate that cancer cells have become dependent on ACC activity to provide the cell with a sufficient supply of fatty acids to permit proliferation and survival, introducing the concept of using small-molecule ACC inhibitors as therapeutic agents for cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(17):8180–7]
A limited role for manipulation.
Authors: M I Jayson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

antibodies to HIV should soon become available.Negative results should ease concerns about AIDS, but systematic research will be needed to distinguish illnesses in people incidentally infected with HIV from those in people with HIV induced immunosuppression.The distinction is crucial since it is the progressive immunodeficiency, not simply- having antibodies to HIV, that is associated with a poor short term prognosis.What is critically important about AIDS in Africa, how- ever, is the enormity of the problem.Already many central and east Africans are infected with HIV, and if these people develop AIDS at the same rate as elsewhere a huge increase in the number ofcases of AIDS will occur in the next few years.Even if effective treatments are developed for HIV infection and immunodeficiency, applying these in Africa to many thousands of cases will be difficult if not impossible.Only prevention holds any promise of limiting the tragedy, and education about sexual transmission and programmes to eliminate parenteral exposure from infected blood or con- taminated needles are essential-but ultimately a vaccine will be needed.
Hematopoietic lineage cell–specific protein 1 (HS1) is a functionally important signaling molecule in platelet activation
Authors: Bryan N. Kahner, Robert T. Dorsam, Sripal R. Mada, Soochong Kim, Timothy J. Stalker, Lawrence F. Brass, James L. Daniel, Daisuke Kitamura, Satya P. Kunapuli
Journal: Blood (2007)
Ensuring Appropriate Expert Testimony for Cases Involving the “Shaken Baby”
Authors: Daniel M. Albert, June Weisberger Blanchard, Barbara L. Knox
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal